bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of landscape intervention used as an alertness maintaining ‘tool’ on driving behaviour
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Le , Zhu Shou‐Lin
Published: December 2021

Monotony, caused by deficiencies in the visual reference, can increase the risk of road accidents. This paper focuses on using landscape intervention as an alertness maintaining ‘tool’ to counter monotony. Therefore, a driving simulator experiment with four different scenes was designed. One is the control group with no landscape. The other three are landscapes with different spatial patterns. The spatial patterns were treatments combing the different graphic shapes and different enclosure degrees. Twenty‐six subjects were required to drive in the centre of the right lane with a speed limit of 80 km/h as an alertness task. To assess the impact of different landscapes on driving behaviour, speed, steering wheel angle, and lane position were analysed. The results indicated a significant advantage of alertness maintaining of semi‐open chevron landscape. Speeding and lane crossing has been significantly improved (p < 0.05). Also, the adequate length of the semi‐open chevron landscape based on the alertness threshold of steering wheel angle SampEn is longer than the other spatial patterns. This work can help to develop more efficient monotony countermeasures with landscape intervention. It also provides valuable information for methods of adequate duration determination in alertness maintaining ‘tool’ based on driving behaviour.
Bonn Optimized Stellar Tracks (BoOST)
Authors: Szécsi Dorottya , Agrawal Poojan , Wünsch Richard , Langer Norbert
Published: December 2021

Massive and very massive stars can play important roles in stellar populations by ejecting strong stellar winds and exploding in energetic phenomena. It is therefore imperative that their behavior be properly accounted for in synthetic model populations. We present nine grids of stellar evolutionary model sequences, together with finely resolved interpolated sequences and synthetic populations, of stars with 9–500M⊙and with metallicities ranging from Galactic metallicity down to 1/250Z⊙. The stellar models were computed with the Bonn evolutionary code with consistent physical ingredients, and covering core hydrogen- and core helium-burning phases. The interpolation and population synthesis were performed with our newly developed routineSYNSTARS. Eight of the grids represent slowly rotating massive stars with a normal or classical evolutionary path, while one grid represents fast-rotating, chemically homogeneously evolving models. The grids contain data on stellar wind properties such as estimated wind velocity and kinetic energy of the wind, as well as common stellar parameters such as mass, radius, surface temperature, luminosity, mass-loss rate, and surface abundances of 34 isotopes. We also provide estimates of the helium and carbon-oxygen core mass for calculating the mass of stellar remnants. The Bonn Optimized Stellar Tracks (BoOST) project is published as simple tables that include stellar models, interpolated tracks, and synthetic populations. Covering the broadest mass and metallicity range of any published massive star evolutionary model sets to date, BoOST is ideal for further scientific applications such as star formation studies in both low- and high-redshift galaxies.
Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal distinct stage-specific phenotypes of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yamada Takuji
Published: December 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide affects over a quarter of a million people each year. Most sporadic CRCs develop through formation of polypoid adenomas and are preceded by intramucosal carcinoma (Stage 0), which can progress into malignant forms. Detection of early cancers and their endoscopic removal are priorities for cancer control. Human gut microbiome has been associated to CRC development, and its comprehensive characterization is of a great importance to assess its potential as a diagnostic marker. We performed whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing and CE-TOFMS-based metabolomic studies on fecal samples collected from 616 participants undergoing colonoscopy to assess taxonomic and functional characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolites. As a result, microbiome and metabolite shifts were apparent in cases of multiple polypoid adenomas (MP) and Stage 0, in addition to more advanced lesions (Stage I/II and Stage III/IV). Two distinct patterns of microbiome elevations were found (P<0.005). First, CRC-associated species including Fusobacterium nucleatum were elevated continuously from Stage 0 to more advanced stages. Second, Atopobium parvulum and Actinomyces odontolyticus, which co-occurred in Stage 0, were elevated only in MP and/or in Stage 0. Metabolome analyses showed elevation of branched-chain amino acids and phenylalanine in Stage 0 and bile acids including deoxycholate in MP and/or Stage 0. Metagenomic functional analyses showed amino acid metabolism and sulfide producing pathways were associated with CRCs. Our study indicates possible etiological and diagnostic significance of fecal microbiota and metabolite in the very early stages of CRC (Yachida et al., Nature Medicine 2019).
Big data to support Indonesian health system recovery from the pandemic: potential and challenges
Authors: Fuad Anis
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on the Indonesian health system. At the peak of the second wave, health care crises occurred in various regions, causing difficulties in accessing essential and emergency health services, accompanied by increased deaths in hospitals and self-isolation. Various efforts have been made to overcome the crisis, from providing field hospitals, adding facilities and infrastructure in hospitals, empowering health workers and volunteers, logistics, and implementing a massive digital system. In addition, strengthening in the upstream aspects starting from tracing, testing to health protocols is also continuously encouraged, along with the acceleration and expansion of vaccinations. The pandemic has encouraged massive utilization of digital systems in various aspects accompanied by an extraordinary increase in the volume of digital data in various types and quality. The critical question then is, what are the opportunities for big data to support the recovery of the health system affected by the pandemic? Likewise, what challenges must be overcome to make optimal use of big data so that the Indonesian health system can quickly recover, grow and become resilient again? To answer the questions above, we reviewed bibliographic databases, gray literature, media, and webinar recordings available online. Next, we group their potential based on the building blocks of the health system. Using the e-health framework from WHO-ITU, we categorize the main challenges of using big data into seven major groups: governance, strategy, data standards, interoperability, application, regulation, and human resources. We provide special notes on each aspect of these challenges along with priority follow-up steps. In the end, the Covid-19 pandemic provides essential lessons for the Indonesian health system to take advantage of digitalization, especially big data intelligently and creatively, to encourage the immediate recovery of the health system. However, several significant challenges need to be overcome so that big data can be utilized optimally to overcome this big global problem.
Computer Aided Diagnosis Based on Artificial Intelligence in Providing Support for Health Services in Rural Areas
Authors: Supriyanti Retno
Published: December 2021

The health service system in Indonesia is still a homework that needs to be addressed by the government. Both in terms of equity, regulation, and integration between offline and online systems. As for what is happening now, there are at least some obstacles that need to be addressed and addressed as soon as possible. On the other hand, health development should beseen as an investment to improve the quality of human resources and support economic development, and have an essential role in poverty reduction efforts. Today’s primary health development problems include the high disparity in health status between socioeconomic levels, regions, and urban and rural areas. In general, the health status of people with high socioeconomic levels in western Indonesia and urban areas tends to be better. On the other hand, the health status of people with low socioeconomic status in eastern Indonesia and rural areas is still lagging. The quality, equity, and affordability of health services are also still low. The quality of service is an obstacle because medical personnel is minimal and equipment is inadequate. In terms of numbers, the ratio of health workers to the population to be served is still low. The affordability of services is closely related to the number and distribution of healthfacilities. In terms of the limitations of medical equipment, this is due to the high price of the medical equipment. Besides, special training is also needed in medical equipment, which training takes quite a long time, and the material is quite complex. With these conditions, it is necessary to optimize technology to develop medical equipment, especially diagnostic support equipment that is cheap, easy to use, and has high accuracy. Our research aims to address optimizing image processing technology and artificial intelligence in developing technology to support health services in rural areas. We tried to implement several cases of health services that often occur in rural areas, namely early detection of cataracts, optimizing the use of ultrasound machines, optimizing the use of lowquality MRI machines in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s, using microscopic images to identify leukocytes and using X-ray images to support the diagnosis. COVID19. Of the several modulesthat we have developed for health care support technology, the results show promisingprospects with a good level of accuracy, ease to use, and use modalities that already exist in the lowest health service units to reduce prices. It is hoped that this image processing and artificial intelligence-based health service support module can be used in rural areas to overcome disparities in health services in Indonesia.
CRISPR-Cas9 as a curative drug for chronic viral infection
Authors: Ophinni Youdiil
Published: December 2021

The innovation of CRISPR-Cas9 has single-handedly revolutionized biotechnology by enabling efficient and specific cutting of DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 approaches are promising not only to targetthe human genome but also DNA of pathogenic viruses, which coincidentally is the canonical function in its bacterial origin. Since 2014, a myriad of studies has proven the efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 treatment to cleave viral DNA intermediates in vitro. One of the most widely targeted is theproviral genome of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). The disease burden of HIV-1 is massive—the infection is incurable and has remained a pandemic for over four decades. Integrated HIV-1 provirus inside the human genome causes viral persistence inside latent cellular reservoirs, eluding antiretroviral therapy (ART) and sterilizing cure. Specific targeting anddisruption of HIV-1 proviral genome is necessary to achieve viral clearance, which can be achieved with CRISPR-Cas9. Here, we review the features and up to date evidence of CRISPRCas9 to target the HIV-1 proviral genome and suppress viral replication. We will also discuss potential CRISPR/Cas9 delivery methods in vivo, combination with other gene editing modalities and other therapeutic approaches, to bring gene editing-based HIV-1 cure closer into clinical use.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Many Dental Specialties
Authors: Humairo Choirunisa Nur , Hapsari Aquarina , Bramanti Indra
Published: December 2021

Background: Technology has become a fundamental part of human living. The evolution of technology has been advantageous to science development, including dentistry. One of the latest technology that draw many attention is Artificial Intelligence (AI). Purpose: The aim of this review is to explain the use of AI in many disciplines of dental specialties and its benefit. Reviews: The application of Artificial Intelligence may be beneficial for all dental specialties, varying from pediatric dentist to oral surgeon. In dental clinic management, AI may assist in medical record as well as other paperwork. AI would also give a valuable contribution in important dental procedures, such as diagnosis and clinical decision making. It helps the dentist deliver the best treatment for the patients. Conclusion: The latest development of Artificial Intelligence is beneficial for dental practitioner in the near future. It is considered as a breakthrough of the 21st century to support the diagnostic procedure and decision making in clinical practice. The use of AI can be applied in most of dental specialties.
A Review of Protein Structure Prediction using Deep Learning
Authors: Susanty Meredita , Rajab Tati Erawati , Hertadi Rukman
Published: December 2021

Proteins are macromolecules composed of 20 types of amino acids in a specific order. Understanding how proteins fold is vital because its 3-dimensional structure determines the function of a protein. Prediction of protein structure based on amino acid strands and evolutionary information becomes the basis for other studies such as predicting the function, property or behaviour of a protein and modifying or designing new proteins to perform certain desired functions. Machine learning advances, particularly deep learning, are igniting a paradigm shift in scientific study. In this review, we summarize recent work in applying deep learning techniques to tackle problems in protein structural prediction. We discuss various deep learning approaches used to predict protein structure and future achievements and challenges. This review is expected to help provide perspectives on problems in biochemistry that can take advantage of the deep learning approach. Some of the unanswered challenges with current computational approaches are predicting the location and precision orientation of protein side chains, predicting protein interactions with DNA, RNA and other small molecules and predicting the structure of protein complexes.
The New Normal in Indonesia: A Twitter Based Social Media Analysis
Authors: Bayu Nugroho Dhite , Ar Rochmah Mawaddah , Khasanah Faridatun , Fatmawati Fajar , Sena Al Razi
Published: December 2021

The Indonesian government began using the term “new normal” in mid-May 2020, which prompted debate in the community and was reflected on social media. Therefore, the goal of this study was to use Twitter-based social media text analysis to depict the Indonesian public’s impression of new normal conditions during the COVID-19 epidemic. We performed a text analysis on Twitter using the phrases “new normal” and “kenormalaan baru” with a time period of 1-31 July 2020 and location restrictions in Indonesia. The words associated with “new normal” are then described in a word cloud map and sorted in a flipped bar chart. We also performed a network bi-gram network analysis to identify word correlations in order to identify sentiments from Twitter text. When compared to other words, the word “covid” has the highest frequency. Other words linked with health protocols, such as “cuci” (wash), “tangan” (hand), “jaga” (maintain), and “jarak” (distance), appeared 1,138, 1501, 3.343, and 2.131 times, respectively, according to unigram analysis. Bigram network analysis reveals discrete clusters of phrases such as “protokol kesehatan” (health protocol), “wash hands” (cuci tangan), “jaga jarak” (physical distance), and “wear mask” (pakai masker). The word connections “covid,” “pandemi” (pandemic), “lupa” (forget), “maskernya” (the mask), “lakukan” (do), “social”, “distancing”, “luar” (outside), “rumah” (home) also conveyed a remark about standard measures in the new normal period.
Effect chewing tapioca pearls in the bubble tea drinks on the salivary α-amylase and phosphate level
Authors: Handajani Juni , Kusumajati Dinda , Fathiyah Hania
Published: December 2021

Bubble tea drinks contained tapioca pearls, that can stimulate mastication. Chewing tapioca pearls may stimulate saliva production. Increased salivary secretion is thought to be correlated with an increase in inorganic components and salivary α-amylase (SAA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bubble tea on SAA and salivary phosphate (PO43-) levels.

Subjects were 15 people with a total sample of 60. Each subject drank bubble tea with tapioca pearl for 3 days in the first week as the intervention group. In the second week the subjects drank tea without bubble for 3 days as a control group. Saliva samples were taken on day 1 before treatment and day 3 after treatment. Saliva was collected in the morning 09:00 am–12:00 pm for 1 minute. SAA levels were measured using an ELISA kit with Optical Density (OD) at 405 nm. Phosphate levels were measured using a semi-quantitative test kit. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, t-test, and Pearson test (p < 0.05).

The results of ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis showed that there was a significant difference in the effect of consumption of bubble tea and tea without bubble (p < 0.005) on SAA and phosphate levels. SAA and phosphate levels increased significantly after drinking bubble tea and tea without bubble (p < 0.05). SAA levels after drinking bubble tea were significantly higher than after drinking tea without bubble. Comparison between phosphate levels after drinking bubble tea and tea without bubble were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Correlation between SAA and phosphate level was a significant different (p < 0.05) and r was moderate category. It was concluded that the consumption of drinking bubble tea and tea without bubbles could increase salivary α-amylase (SAA) also phosphate level and may improve quality of saliva through a salivary buffer mechanism.
Efficacy of Incorporation Platelet Rich Plasma into Gelatine Hydrogel Scaffold between Impregnated and Drop Method
Authors: Mahanani Erlina Sih , Ulzanah Fannisa Afrilyana
Published: December 2021

Tissue Engineering which involve three main component such as scaffold, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and cells is expected to support in bone regeneration. Gelatin hidrogel scaffold is planted have a function as cell environment and PRP provide growth factor to support differentiation of cells. The success of tissue engineering is affected by number of PRP which is contained in scaffold. The purpose of this study is to compare the incorporation process between impregnated and drop method to gelatin hidrogel scaffold. PRP was prepared from three donors of whole blood, and twice sentrifugation by 450 rcf for 5 minutes and 1500 rcf for 7 minutes. PRP was incorporated into 3 gelatin hidrogel scaffolds for each methods. The remnant of PRP which didn’t incorporate were calculated the number of platelet with giemsa stainning. Platelet which loaded were the reduction result of number platelet before incorporate with platelet remnant. Data of the result were analyzed using independent sample t test. Result show the significant was 0.262 (p>0.05) there’s no significane different between impregnated and drop method for incorporating PRP into gelatin hidrogel scaffold. The number of platelet which incorporated in gelatin hidrogel scaffold were effected by characteristic of scaffold such as structure, interface adherence, porosity and swelling ability. The good characteristic of scaffold could be obtain from synthesis and good fabrication technique.
Evaluation of Cells and Medium Optimization for Invitro Model of Diabetic and Electrolyte Imbalance
Authors: Sebastian Alfino , Wasityastuti Widya , Aris Nugrahaningsih Dwi , Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Sri Wahyuni Tutik , Hartatik Tety
Published: December 2021

Metabolism syndrome has many negative impacts on human health. Various efforts and methods are attempted in the treatment of this disease. One of the methods used is CRISPR/Cas9 gene therapy. Re-testing of knock out cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 method is needed to evaluate its success. In conducting the test, the right medium is needed so that the results are optimal and can be evaluated properly. In this study, we optimized the medium for three types of cells (fibroblasts, myoblasts and macrophages) in high and low glucose medium to evaluate gene knockout results. The medium was modified by adding high concentrations of glucose and sodium. The results, in macrophage culture, giving variations in glucose concentration in low glucose medium gave a significantly different percentage of live cells between treatments, while the treatment with variations in glucose concentration in macrophages in high glucose medium and fibroblasts and myoblasts in high and low glucose medium did not show any difference in the percentage of living cells. In the treatment of various concentrations of natrium, macrophages, fibroblasts and myoblasts on high and low glucose medium all showed significantly different percentages of living cells. Therefore, DMEM low glucose medium is suitable as a medium for the treatment of high glucose and natrium induction in macrophage cells, but is not suitable for fibroblast and myoblast cells.
Influence of nickel-titanium rotary systems with varying cross-sectional, pitch, and rotational speed on deflection and cyclic fatigue: a finite element analysis study
Authors: Hadriyanto Wignyo , Wardani Lukita , Nugrohowati Christina , Alhasyimi Ananto , Sriwijaya Rachmat , Rinastiti Margareta , Siswomihardjo Widowati
Published: December 2021

The effectiveness of endodontic file preparation depends, among others, on the material, geometric shape, and the drive system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cross-sectional, pitch, and rotational speed on cyclic fatigue and deflection of NiTi files using finite element analyses. A total of 18 NiTi endodontic rotary instruments ProTaper Gold F2 #25.08 and Hyflex CM #25.04 (n=9) modeling were designed using Autodesk software. Subjects were divided into two groups, the design group of square and convex triangles. Static simulation was then carried out to each group with force on the instrument’s tip by 1N, 2N, and 3N. The file’s cycling fatigue was analyzed at rotating speeds of 200 rpm, 300 rpm, and 400. The data were analyzed by using the three-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by LSD (p< 0.05). The results showed the cross-sectional shape and force effect on the deflection value and cyclic fatigue received by the endodontic files (p< 0.05). The convex triangle design presented the lowest cyclic fatigue than square. The convex triangular cross-section design showed a higher deflection value than the square cross-section design.
Nanoparticles visualization and extraction for diagnosis and therapy in nanomedicine
Authors: Aleid Adham , Alhussaini Khalid , Saad Ali S.
Published: December 2021

Nanomedicine is a rapidly developing field of science that has the potential to treat a wide range of complicated ailments. This paper uses a mouse with an inflamed calf and iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) attached to the therapeutic medicine and put into the mouse’s eye to investigate drug delivery efficiency. The idea is to track and quantify drug delivered to the inflamed calf of the mouse. A high-resolution MRI approach was used to capture images of the inflammatory calf area. Knowing that iron oxide has a high magnetic strength in MRI, image processing techniques were used to calculate the position and number of IO-NPs linked to the administered medication. This paper proposes an image processing approach for detecting and extracting IO-NPs. The images go through pre-processing steps that includes noise filtering and background removal. IO-NPs are isolated from the surrounding tissues using Otsu’s method. The number of IO-NPs grouped in the region, as well as the quantity of medications supplied to the region of interest, can be estimated using IO-NPs extraction. The findings on nanoparticle detection and extraction appear to be a potential method for estimating the amount of medicine targeting a specific location.
Crude Enzyme ofAspergillussp. 3 Immobilized in Chitosan-Beads to Decolorize Batik Effluent
Authors: Dewi Ratna Stia , Ramadani Putri , Al Fa’is Jimmy , Azizah Wafa Nur
Published: December 2021

Batik is one of Indonesian’s cultures which has a unique symbolic meaning and has high aesthetic value for the Indonesian. The number of industries engaged in this business will bring new problems to the surrounding environment because batik effluent can pollute the river. This untreated dye effluent is very dangerous and can damage the environment because it is toxic, carcinogenic, and even mutagenic. One of the effluent treatment methods is by a biological method. The indigenousAspergillussp. 3 fungi are isolated from batik effluent, taken from the batik industry in Banyumas regency. The utilization of fungi for effluent treatment can be done by adsorption and enzymatic method. Degradation using enzymes is known to be more effective. Aspergillus fungi contain ligninolytic enzymes. Ligninolytic enzymes play an important role in degrading lignin on lignocellulosic substrates. This research is aimed to apply fungal enzyme immobilization for decolorization of batik effluent. Chitosan-based beads components are made with a combination of chitosan, STPP 2%, and phosphate buffer. Enzyme immobilization is done by immersing the chitosan solution in the Ligninolytic enzyme solution. Ligninolytic enzymes that are immobilized into chitosan will form beads that will be dissolved into batik effluent. The development of enzyme immobilization techniques is applied to batik effluent with a percentage of effluent decolorization until 96,8%. The best treatment results can reduce the value of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 16,500 mg/L to 4005 mg/l and can also reduce the pH value of the effluent.
Acceleration of angiogenesis in wound healing after tooth extraction with kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) leaf extract
Authors: Bayu Rosanto Yosaphat , Ardhiyanti Vinka
Published: December 2021

Tooth extraction is dental procedure that causes wound in oral cavity. Kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata) contain flavonoids, saponins and tannins which help the wound healing after tooth extraction. Purpose of study was to determine effect of giving kirinyuh leaf ethanol extract on wound healing after tooth extraction in guinea pigs (Cavia cobaya) in angiogenesis. Sixty male guinea pigs were divided into five groups: aquadest, iodine glycerine (positive control), kirinyuh 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. Each group consisted of 12 guinea pigs in each group. Kirinyuh leaf extract was prepared in a topical gel with CMC-Na as the solvent. Left mandibular incisor of guinea pigs was extracted then treated according to the group every day. Guinea pigs were euthanized on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 (three guinea pigs from each group per day) and made histological sections with hematoxylin eosin staining. Angiogenesis was observed with binocular microscope equipped with camera. Results showed that number of new blood vessels in kirinyuh 10% group reached highest number faster (day 7) than the other groups (p=0.000). This study concluded that kirinyuh leaves accelerate angiogenesis by increasing the number of blood vessels. The 10% concentration is the most effective kirinyuh extract concentration to accelerate angiogenesis.
Potential of Nanoparticles Chitosan for Delivery pcDNA3.1-SB3-HBcAg
Authors: Unsunnidhal Lalu , Jannah Raudatul , Haris Abdul , Supinganto Agus , Kusumawati Asmarani
Published: December 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that causes hepatitis in humans. This study aims to prepare a Hepatitis DNA vaccine. he optimized base sequence of the SB3-HBcAg gene was derived from the nucleotide base sequence of the Hepatitis B core antigen B3 HBcAg subgenotype, and then Cloning of the pcDNA3.1-SB3-HBcAg has been successfully performed on E. coli DH5α and confirmed by PCR, restriction analysis and sequencing. The propagated plasmids were prepared as DNA-chitosan complex and physiochemical characterized using Particle Size Analyzer. Complex with a 4:1 (wt/wt) ratio of DNA with 0.04% concentration and chitosan have a mean diameter of 231.7 nm and zeta potential +12.3 mV and the value of Cytotoxicity Assay 80-90% as compared to the untreated cells that used as negative control, so it can be concluded that nanoparticles chitosan has good potential as a carrier agent for pcDNA3.1-SB3-HBcAg.
Climatic Atmospheric Heat and Moisture Fluxes of Eurasia Due to Ocean Climate Processes
Authors: Kartushinsky Alexei
Published: December 2021

The sea-air interactions in the troposphere give rise in changes in direction of heat and moisture fluxes due to different atmospheric pressure. The paper discusses the possibility of using the gradient method for processing satellite data to study the spatial and temporal scales of climatic and synoptic variability of dynamic processes of the atmosphere and ocean. Recent software was used for applying and analyzing satellite and contact data. The information technology has been implemented to analyze weather and climatic conditions in Eurasia using computer processing of long-term observation series of meteorological and oceanological parameters. Based on the methods of mathematical statistics, correlations in terms of surface temperature between dynamically active zones of the World Ocean have been determined. With the dynamics of the frontal zone of the Gulf Stream as an example, the problem of the influence of the structural features of the gradient field of the ocean temperature on local changes in the weather and climatic conditions of the land is discussed. The results obtained suggest that the regional features of the dynamics of the hydrological frontal Atlantic systems are derived from the geostrophic circulation in Eurasia.
Methods for long-term forecasting of water availability in spring floods (r. Arpa – p. Jermuk)
Authors: Margaryan Varduhi , Gaidukova Ekaterina , Tsibulskii Gennady
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the main physical and geographical factors, affecting the runoff of spring floods in the Arpa rivers catchment in the station Jermuk. Also the article discusses the development of a methodology for long-term forecasting of runoff volume of spring flood (WIV–VI) of river Arpa, station Jermuk. The study used data of water discharges of Arpa river catchment (station Jermuk), air temperature, precipitation, reserve water in snow at meteostation Jermuk. A linear correlation was also revealed between the values of the annual runoff and runoff of spring floods in Arpa river catchment, which can be used to predict the annual runoff. To predict the volume of spring flood runoff, regression method and obtained multivariate correlation dependencies. Assessment of statistical significance and stability the proposed models showed their «satisfactory» quality and the possibility of using in the practice of engineering and hydrological forecasts.
Impact of urban environment on land surface temperature in local climate zones
Authors: Gosteva Anna , Ilina Sofia , Matuzko Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

The replacement of the natural landscape by artificial environment has led to changes in the ecosystem and physical properties of the surface, such as heat storage capacity, and thermal conductivity properties. These changes increase the difficulty of heat transfer between urban areas and the environment. Land surface temperature (LST) images from various satellites are widely used to represent urban thermal environments, which are more convenient and intuitive way. LST maps provide full spatial coverage, which distinguishes them from air temperature data obtained from meteorological stations.

The study of LST according to the Landsat 8 data of Krasnoyarsk city over the past 10 years allowed the authors to talk about the observation of constant seasonal urban heat islands (UHI). For a more detailed consideration of the urban environment, this study further considers urban landscapes, thus the idea of local climate zone (LCZ) is introduced to study these diverse impacts in addition to the traditional map of LST. And analysis of the interaction of UHI and LCZ.
Variations of the total electronic concentration in the ionosphere in seismically active region
Authors: Kashkin Valentin , Rubleva Tatyana , Simonov Konstantin , Zabrodin Andrey , Kabanov Aleksey
Published: December 2021

In this work we studied the variations in the total electron concentration (TEC) obtained from measurements of the global navigation system GPS in the preparation zone for the 2010 catastrophic Chilean earthquake (Mw = 8.8) under calm background conditions at a minimum of 24 solar activity (SA) cycles. The analysis of the geodynamic activity and ionospheric TEC disturbances in the seismically active region of this catastrophic earthquake is carried out. A computational technique has been developed that can be used to study TEC variations over seismically active regions.
Study of coherence of temperature variations in the tropopause associated with earthquakes
Authors: Sverdlik Leonid , Imashev Sanjar
Published: December 2021

The paper presents retrospective analysis of satellite data of the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere over the epicentral area of the destructive earthquake of M=6.7, occurred in Tien-Shan territory. We established a well-defined temporal and spatial coherence between temperature perturbations and seismic activity. We used wavelet analysis to identify temporal and spectral coherence of temperature variations in a boundary zone of troposphere and stratosphere before the seismic event.
Satellite data in thermal range for natural and technogenic ecosystems monitoring
Authors: Yakimov Nikita , Ponomarev Evgenii , Ponomareva Tatiana
Published: December 2021

A method for recovery monitoring in post-fire and post-technogenic landscapes was proposed based on satellite data in a wide spectral range, including the infrared band data. A decrease in the spectral surface albedo in post-fire areas, caused by the destruction of on-ground vegetation, provokes excessive heating of the surface and upper soil layer. Surface thermal anomalies were evaluated under conditions of changes in the heat-insulating properties of vegetation and ground cover. The relative temperature anomalies in post-fire plots (overestimation up to 30% compared to non-disturbed territory) are typical for permafrost conditions of Siberia. Similar process was recorded for both natural (post-fire) and post-technogenic landscapes. Within 22 years after the fire, thermal insulation properties of the vegetation cover were restored. Thus, the relative temperature anomaly (of 3±1%) has reached the background value. In post-technogenic plots, conditions are more “contrast” compared to the background, and restoration of the thermal regime takes significantly longer (>60 years). “Neo-technogenic ecosystems” with specific soil thermal regimes compared to the background ones are formed both for reclaimed and for non-reclaimed post-technogenic plots. On average, surface temperature has overestimated at least by 10–15% in post-technogenic plots compared to non-disturbed territory.
Identification of genetic soil types based on remote sensing data
Authors: Kulik Ekaterina , Bajshuakov Arslanbek
Published: December 2021

At the present stage of social development traditional contact methods of studying the territory features are inferior to other, less costly and more profitable technologies. Such technology is automation of space imagery information interpretation. It allows to minimize scope of field works and it is economically and managerially profitable method of territory analysis. So, in the work the methods of digital analysis and automatic Earth remote data sensing interpretation are used for identification of genetic soil types. During the research conditions of the land has been determined by calculation and index images analysis. The application of interpretational signs had allowed to identify genetic soil types. The methodology and the results of the analysis can serve as a basis for solving the problems of updating soil maps.
Development of a MOX equivalence Python code package for ANICCA
Authors: Vermeeren Bart , Druenne Hubert
Published: December 2021

The basis of the MOX (Mixed OXide) energy equivalence principle is keeping the in-core fuel management characteristics (cycle length, feed size, etc.) of a nuclear reactor unchanged when replacing UOX (Uranium OXide) fuel assemblies by MOX. If the effect of the loading pattern is neglected, such an equivalence is obtained by tuning the Pu content in the MOX fuel, while considering the specific Pu isotopic vector at the time of the core reload to obtain a crossing of the reactivity curves of UOX and MOX at the end-of-cycle core average burnup. It is proposed in this work to extend the fuel cycle analysis tool ANICCA (Advanced Nuclear Inventory Cycle Code) with a MOX equivalence Python code package, which automatically governs the supply and demand of Pu vector isotopes required to obtain MOX equivalence. This code package can determine the reactivity evolution for any given Pu vector by means of a multidimensional interpolation on a directive grid of pre-calculated data tables generated by WIMS10, covering the physically accessible Pu vector space. A fuel cycle scenario will be assessed for a representative evolution of the Pu vector inventory available in spent UOX fuel as a demonstration case, defining the interim fuel storage building dimensional requirements for different reprocessing strategies.
Impact of H in H2O thermal scattering data on depletion calculation: k∞, nuclide inventory and decay heat
Authors: Rochman Dimitri , Hursin Mathieu , Vasiliev Alexander , Ferroukhi Hakim
Published: December 2021

The impact of the H in H2O thermal scattering data are calculated for burnup quantities, considering models of a UO2 pincell with DRAGON and SERPENT. The Total Monte Carlo method is applied, where the CAB model parameters are randomly varied to produce sampled (random) LEAPR input files for NJOY. A large number of burnup calculations is then performed, based on the random thermal scattering data. It is found that the impact on k∞ is relatively small (less than 35 pcm), as for nuclide inventory (less than 1% at 50 MWd/kgU) and for decay heat (less than 0.4%). It is also observed that the calculated probability density functions indicate strong non-linear effects.
Regenerative Methoden in der Tiermedizin
Authors: Wilke Markus
Published: December 2021

Diese vergleichsweise junge Disziplin beschäftigt sich mit der Heilung
von Krankheiten durch die Verstärkung körpereigener
Regenerationskräfte. Im Falle von Schäden, die der
Körper aus eigener Kraft nicht mehr heilen kann, geht es um den
gezielten Ersatz von körpereigenen (Boten-)stoffen und Zellen. Die
zentralen Fragen sind: Wie unterstützen Biomaterialien, biologisch
aktive Faktoren oder Zellen die individuelle Regenerationsfähigkeit?
Wo lassen sich diese Effekte therapeutisch nutzbar machen? Welche
praktischen und rechtlichen Gesichtspunkte gibt es dabei zu
beachten?
Der vordere Kreuzbandriss – Pathogenese, OP-Methoden und
postoperative Rehabilitation
Authors: Koch Daniel , Zohmann Andreas
Published: December 2021

Der Kreuzbandriss des Hundes ist keine Verletzung, sondern eine Erkrankung,
ausgelöst durch diverse prädisponierende Faktoren.
Bandersatztherapien sind beschränkt erfolgreich, weil mit ihnen die
Ursache nicht eliminiert wird. Die Biomechanikänderungen hingegen
verändern die Kniekinematik dergestalt, dass Nachhaltigkeit gegeben
ist.
Erstellung einer virtuellen HNO-Ambulanz in der Lehre während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Speck Iva , Hagge Daniel , Knopf Andreas , Arndt Susan , Offergeld Christian
Published: December 2021

Einleitung Im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde die Lehre
vollständig online durchgeführt. Trotz des Wegfalls von Praktika ist es unser Ziel, ein
komplettes und hochqualitatives Curriculum in der HNO-Lehre anzubieten.

Methode Wir führten in der HNO-Uniklinik Freiburg Case-based
Learning (CBL) ein. CBL ist ein Lern- und Lehransatz, der Studierende durch die Verwendung
authentischer klinischer Fälle auf die klinische Praxis vorbereitet und in die Rolle der
Entscheidungsträger*in versetzt. CBL verbindet Theorie und Praxis und erlaubt es uns trotz
fehlender Praktika, die Studierenden so gut wie möglich auszubilden. Unsere Studierenden
evaluierten das Angebot der CBL in Hinsicht auf die Vorbereitung auf die HNO-Abschlussklausur,
auf die Vorbereitung auf die Tätigkeit als Ärztin/Arzt, als Lehrmittel und als digitales
Format.

Ergebnisse Die Mehrheit der Studierenden (>90%) gaben an, dass
CBL ein adäquates digitales Lehrformat ist. Die meisten Studierenden stimmten zu oder voll und
ganz zu, dass CBL eine gute Vorbereitung für ihre zukünftige klinische Tätigkeit als
Ärztin/Arzt ist (>90%) und eine gute Vorbereitung auf die HNO-Klausur ist (>80%). 100%
der Studierenden gaben an, dass sie beim CBL etwas gelernt haben.

Schlussfolgerung Die Einführung des CBL war erfolgreich und wird
als dauerhaftes Lehrmittel in der HNO-Lehre übernommen. CBL soll zu einer virtuellen
HNO-Ambulanz weiterentwickelt werden. Die „virtuelle HNO-Ambulanz" soll Lerninhalte durch die
Bearbeitung von anonymisierten Patient*innen-Fällen (CBL) vermitteln und das Wegfallen der
praktischen Ausbildung im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie überbrücken. Im Anschluss soll die
„virtuelle HNO-Ambulanz“ als zusätzliches Lehrangebot etabliert werden.
Hypercoagulation Detected by Rotational Thromboelastometry Predicts Mortality in COVID-19: A Risk Model Based on a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Almskog Lou M. , Wikman Agneta , Svensson Jonas , Bottai Matteo , Kotormán Mariann , Wahlgren Carl-Magnus , Wanecek Michael , van der Linden Jan , Ågren Anna
Published: December 2021

Background Severe disease due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to be associated with hypercoagulation. The aim of this study was to assess the Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) as a marker of coagulopathy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods This was a prospective, observational study where patients hospitalized due to a COVID-19 infection were eligible for inclusion. Conventional coagulation tests and ROTEM were taken after hospital admission, and patients were followed for 30 days. A prediction model, including variables ROTEM EXTEM-MCF (Maximum Clot Firmness) which in previous data has been suggested a suitable marker of hypercoagulation, age, and respiratory frequency, was developed using logistic regression to evaluate the probability of death.

Results Out of the 141 patients included, 18 (13%) died within 30 days. In the final prediction model, the risk of death within 30 days for a patient hospitalized due to COVID-19 was increased with increased EXTEM-MCF, age, and respiratory frequency. Longitudinal ROTEM data in the severely ill subpopulation showed enhanced hypercoagulation. In an in vitro analysis, no heparin effect on EXTEM–coagulation time (CT) was observed, supporting a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) effect on prolonged initiation of coagulation.

Conclusion Here, we show that hypercoagulation measured with ROTEM predicts 30-day mortality in COVID-19. Longitudinal ROTEM data strengthen the hypothesis of hypercoagulation as a driver of severe disease in COVID-19. Thus, ROTEM may be a useful tool to assess disease severity in COVID-19 and could potentially guide anticoagulation therapy.
Laparoscopic versus Open Pediatric Surgery: Three Decades of Comparative Studies
Authors: Kiblawi Rim , Zoeller Christoph , Zanini Andrea , Kuebler Joachim F. , Dingemann Carmen , Ure Benno , Schukfeh Nagoud
Published: December 2021

Introduction Despite its wide acceptance, the superiority of laparoscopic versus open pediatric surgery has remained controversial. There is still a call for well-founded evidence. We reviewed the literature on studies published in the last three decades and dealing with advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopy compared to open surgery.

Materials and Methods Studies comparing laparoscopic versus open abdominal procedures in children were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE. Reports on upper and lower gastrointestinal as hepatobiliary surgery and on surgery of pancreas and spleen were included. Advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery were analyzed for different types of procedures. Complications were categorized using the Clavien–Dindo classification.

Results A total of 239 studies dealing with 19 types of procedures and outcomes in 929,157 patients were analyzed. We identified 26 randomized controlled trials (10.8%) and 213 comparative studies (89.2%). The most frequently reported advantage of laparoscopy was shorter hospital stay in 60.4% of studies. Longer operative time was the most frequently reported disadvantage of laparoscopy in 52.7% of studies. Clavien–Dindo grade I to III complications (mild–moderate) were less frequently identified in laparoscopic compared to open procedures (80.3% of studies). Grade-IV complications (severe) were less frequently reported after laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for perforated appendicitis and more frequently after laparoscopic Kasai's portoenterostomy. We identified a decreased frequency of reporting on advantages after laparoscopy and increased reporting on disadvantages for all surgery types over the decades.

Conclusion Laparoscopic compared with open pediatric surgery seems to be beneficial in most types of procedures. The number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains limited. However, the number of reports on disadvantages increased during the past decades.
Mayor presión y área de contacto en reparación transósea cruzada de Manguito Rotador versus reparación simple
Authors: Contreras Julio José , Liendo Rodrigo , Soza Francisco
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Comparar la presión y el área de contacto en la interfase tendón-huella de una reparación realizada con suturas transóseas simples y cruzadas.

Métodos Se utilizaron doce hombros de cordero para simular una rotura de manguito rotador. Se midió el área de contacto en la interfase tendón-huella con láminas sensibles a presión; luego, se midió la presión con un sensor digital. Se registró la presión basal durante la aplicación de carga cíclica y al final de la intervención. Se compararon 2 reparaciones: 2 túneles transóseos con nudos simples (TOS; n = 6) y 2 túneles transóseos con nudos cruzados (TOC; n = 6), utilizando FiberWire #2. Se realizaron 1.400 ciclos, con una frecuencia 2,5 Hz y una carga de 5 N. Se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney, y ae consideraron significativos valores de p < 0,05.

Resultados La reparación TOS presentó un 50,9 ± 12,7% de distribución de presiones en comparación con 72,2 ± 5,3% en la reparación TOC (p < 0,009). La presión promedio en la reparación TOS fue 0,7 ± 0,1 MPa en comparación con 1,1 ± 0,2 MPa en la reparación TOC (p < 0,007). La reparación TOS registró una presión basal de 5,3 ± 5,3 N, presión final de 3,8 ± 4,6 N, y una variación de 51,7 ± 38%. La reparación TOC registró una presión basal de 10,7 ± 1,8 N, presión final de 12,9 ± 8,7 N, y una variación de 114,9 ± 65,9% (p < 0,044; p < 0,022; y p < 0,017, respectivamente).

Conclusión La reparación TOC presenta mayor presión a nivel de la interfase tendón-hueso, menor pérdida de fuerza de contacto ante cargas cíclicas, y una mejor distribución de fuerza en la huella al comparar con la reparación TOS, lo que se podría traducir en mejor cicatrización tendínea.

Nivel de Evidencia Estudio de ciencia básica.