bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JENIS LEUKOSIT MENCIT (Mus musculus) PASCA STRES AKUT DENGAN PERLAKUAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt)
Authors: Hendrajid Zulhaimi , Taihuttu Yuniasih M. J. , Silalahi Parningotan Y. , Huwae Laura B. S. , Latuconsina Vina Z.
Published: May 2021

Glukokortikoid merupakan salah satu jenis hormon stres yang akan menekan respons imun normal dengan jalan memblokade program sel T helper satu yang merupakan penghasil interferon gamma. Glukokortikoid dapat memberikan dampak terhadap penurunan bobot badan, penurunan sistem imunitas tubuh, dan perubahan diferensiasi leukosit. Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) adalah tanaman tradisional Maluku dan mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang dapat bersifat sebagai imunomodulator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah dan jenis leukosit mencit yang diinduksi stres dan diberi ekstrak etanol biji pala. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen murni dengan desain post test only control group design. Mencit sebanyak 30 ekor di bagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok kontrol normal (KN), kontrol negatif (K-), kontrol positif (K+), ekstrak etanol biji pala konsentrasi 4% (P1) dan 16% (P2). Pada K-, K+, P1 dan P2 diberi perlakuan stres dengan metode FST (Forced Swim Test) selama enam menit. Kemudian, pada kelompok K+ diberi obat alprazolam dosis 0,2 ml, P1 dan P2 diberi ekstrak etanol biji pala sebanyak 0.5 ml. Perlakuan diberikan selama 7 hari dan pada hari ke-8 dilakukan koleksi darah mencit intrakardial. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok P1 dapat menurunkan persentase neutrofil, meningkatkan persentase monosit dan limfosit, sedangkan pada P2 dapat menurunkan persentase neutrofil dan monosit, meningkatkan persentase limfosit dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap persentase eosinofil dan basofil. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ektsrak etanol biji pala tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap rata-rata persentase neutrofil, monosit, limfosit, eosinofil dan basofil (p>0,05).
Analisis Kohesi dan Koherensi Karangan Mahasiswa Informatika Kelas 1D Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo
Authors: Darmawati
Published: May 2021

Pentingnya melakukan penelitian analisis kohesi dan koherensi pada karangan narasi dari analisis bahasa lainya karena analisis ini cukup kompleks di perguruan tinggi. Kohesi diartikan sebagai kesatuan bentuk yang secara struktural membentuk ikatan sintaktik dalam wacana. Sedangkan koherensi adalah pertalian makna atau pertalian isi kalimat.pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap penyusunan karangan narasi berimplikasi pada karya tulis ilmiah. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah bagaimana kohesi dan koherensi paragraf dalam karangan narasi mahasiswa dan penanda kohesi dan koherensi apa saja yang sering digunakan dalam membuat karangan narasi mahasiswa Informatika Kelas 1D Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Informatika Kelas 1D Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu data-data yang diperoleh diinterpretasikan dengan menelaah data, memeriksa keabsahan data, dan mendeskripsikan data Hasil ditemukannya dalam karangan narasi mahasiswa Teknik Informatika Kelas 1D Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo kohesi dan koherensi yang tidak merata. belum menunjukkan persyaratan kohesi dan koherensi yang baik, hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pemahaman mahasiswa dalam hal mamadukan kalimat satu dengan kalimat lainnya, belum adanya kelogisan dalam penyusunan paragraf.
Students’ Perception of Using YouTube as Media in Learning Vocabulary
Authors: Suardi
Published: May 2021

YouTube is an application that contains a variety of video content in which there are various kinds of videos, both non-academic and academic. With its ease of use, which only requires web access, YouTube is an application that can be used as a learning medium. Likewise with the level of use among students, it allows YouTube to be a media in learning. In this study, using a qualitative approach through a questionnaire to 14 students of Electronical Engineering at the Akademi Teknologi Industri Dewantara Palopo who were given 20 statements using the Likert Scale, it was found that 11 students (78.57 percent) of the students' high interest, 3 students (21.43 percent) of the students 'very high interest, and none of the students' moderate interest, low interest and very low interest. This shows that student interest in studying on YouTube is very high.
COMPOUNDING WORDS ; WORDS FORMATION IN REPUBLIKA NEWSPAPERS
Authors: Eripuddin  , Lestari Liana Fuji
Published: May 2021

This study investigated words formation that found in the republika newspaper. The research was a descriptive qualitative research design . The object of this research was headline of Republika Newspaper. The instrumentation of the reserach was documentation. The data were consisted of 96 data The data were analyzed by using the theory of word formation (O’ Grady, 1996) The results of this research shown that 70 datawere classified as endocentric compound and transparent meaning and 26 data were categorized in exocentric compound and opaque meaning. Transparent meant that the meanings of the words could be predicted from the each of the word. Opaque meant that the meaning of words could not predicted from the each of word.
TÜRKİYE’DE EĞİTİMLİ KADINLARIN İSTİHDAMA VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİ
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Hakan , DİLBER Tanay
Published: May 2021

Kadınların işgücüne piyasasında olması hem ekonomik kalkınmayı hem de sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeyi etkilemektedir. Böylece çalışarak gelir elde etmeye başlayan kadınların sosyal ve ekonomik özgürlükleri de artmaktadır. Ancak bu amaçla Türkiye’de kadınların işgücüne katılımını arttırmak amacıyla çeşitli yasal düzenlemeler ve projeler yürütülse de istenilen yere ulaşılamamıştır. Ülkemizde çalışan kadınların işgücüne katılım oranı OECD ülkelerine göre oldukça geride kalmaktadır. Bu durumun başlıca sebepleri arasında Türkiye’de cinsiyet temelli bakış açısının kısmen hakim olması, kadının asıl görevinin çocuk bakımı olarak görülmesi ve iş için gerekli eğitim seviyelerinin çok yeterli olmamasıdır.

Bu çalışmada 1988-2019 yılları arasında kadın istihdamın ve kadın yüksek okullaşma oranının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Ekonometrik analiz olarak Zaman Serisi Analizi yapılmıştır. İlk olarak durağanlık analizi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra birim kök testlerine ek olarak değişkenlere yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testi uygulanmıştır. VAR model için uygun gecikme uzunluğunun belirlenmesinin ardından Granger Nedensellik testi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre istihdam edilen kadın sayısından, GSYİH’ya tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi, kadın yüksek okullaşma oranından, istihdam eden kadın sayısına ise çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur.
DETEKSI RESIDU ANTIBIOTIK PADA TELUR AYAM LAYER DI PETERNAKAN AYAM LAYER DI SESAOT LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Dwi Agustin Alfiana Laili , Atma Candra Dwi
Published: May 2021

Eggs are a source of animal protein that is cheap and easy to obtain by the community besides having a good taste and also eggs have complete nutrition. However, one of the problems that can harm consumers when consuming chicken eggs is the presence of antibiotic residues that offer antibiotics that are not right or not according to the procedure. cause residues in large amounts and cause side effects, which are very detrimental in terms of health, such as the most important allergies and can even cause resistance. This study aims to see no antibiotic residue in the layers of chicken eggs from layer chicken farms in Sesaot Narmada, West Lombok. The results of testing samples from 10 samples of layer chicken eggs Layer chicken farms in sesaot Narmada West Lombok which were tested using the Bioassay Screening Test method showed negative results containing antibiotic residues. Negative results after testing the antibiotic residues in the entire sample Layer chicken eggs in layer chiken pruttny in the village of Sesaot farms, Narmada district, West Lombok Regency, showed negative results. Negative results in every event with no inhibition zone formed around the disc paper containing the layer chicken egg sample and only the inhibition zone formed on the positive control disc paper on the Bioassay Screening Test tester. of the four classes of antibiotics including macrolides, aminoglycosides, Tetracycline and penicillin.
Voices of fire
Authors: Haynes Theresa Abell
Published: May 2021

Early followers of Jesus and later rabbinical Jews, two divergent branches of Judaism emerging respectively from the Second Temple and Post-Second Temple eras, both drew upon the cultural memory of Sinai to establish their identity. This article examines how the author of Acts used the Sinai imagery of theophanic fire in the Pentecost narrative of Acts 2 to reinforce a continu­ation of Judaism and offer an inclusive expansion of it to gentile believers. Then it looks at how later rabbinic sources used Sinai images of fire and multiple languages to reinforce the authority of the Torah and their exclusive identity within the Sinai relationship.
”Den som pekar på andras brister visar därigenom sina egna”
Authors: Rudberg Pontus
Published: May 2021

Slutreplik till Malin Thor Tureby om svensk-judisk historieforskning (se Vol. 31 nr 1 och 2).
Editorial
Authors: Illman Ruth , Lundgren Svante
Published: May 2021

Editorial for Vol. 32/1 of Nordisk judaistik / Scandinavian Jewish Studies.
Opiniones de estudiantes universitarios asociadas a capacidades resilientes desarrolladas durante la pandemia Covid-19. Una visión desde las dimensiones emocional, ética y cognitiva
Authors: López Hernández Eva María , Lugo Villaseñor Elisa , Gutiérrez Díaz Adriana
Published: May 2021

En este documento presentamos un primer avance del análisis de datos de una investigación que tuvo como finalidad conocer la opinión de estudiantes universitarios sobre cómo su proceso formativo apoyó el desarrollo de capacidades resilientes y las condiciones institucionales que le permitieron potenciarlas. Se realizó una consulta en una universidad pública de la zona centro-sur de México. Se aplicó un instrumento que examinó tres dimensiones de análisis: emocional, ética y cognitiva, así como las condiciones que aportaba la institución para favorecer una formación orientada al desarrollo de capacidades resilientes durante la pandemia Covid-19. Los resultados muestran que los universitarios reconocieron haber desarrollado capacidades resilientes durante el confinamiento, y que la universidad generó algunas condiciones para apoyar su proceso formativo. En la discusión se destaca que el tema de resiliencia debiera ser integrado como nodo articulador de actividades formativas y generar programas que favorezcan el desarrollo de este tipo de capacidades.
Використання полімерних композиційних матеріалів для підвищення біодоступності гесперидина
Authors: Бессарабов В. І. , Плаван В. П. , Кузьміна Г. І. , Лісовий В. М. , Вахіова Л. М.
Published: May 2021

Purpose. Investigation of the influence of the composition of polymeric solubilizers on the phase solubilization in water of the model active pharmaceutical ingredient of flavonoid nature hesperidin.Methods. Hesperidin was chosen as a model substance of characteristic chemical structure. Pharmaceutically acceptable high molecular weight polymers based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with a molecular weight of from 2500 to 58000 D were used for research; cetylpyridinium chloride; β-cyclodextrin. Phase solubilization of hesperidin was investigated by the method of Higuchi and Connors. The concentration of hesperidin was determined spectrophotometrically by absorption at 284 nm. The phase solubility diagram was constructed as the dependence of the concentration of hesperidin in solution on the concentration of the polymer. The obtained phase solubility profiles of hesperidin were compared with standard curves. For different compositions at the experiment temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C, the stability constant and the dissociation constant of intermolecular complexes were calculated.Scientific novelty. The influence of the composition of polymer solubilizers on the phase solubilization in water of the model API of flavonoid nature of hesperidin was established. Practical significance. The optimal composition of the polymer composite material with hesperidin in the form of a solid dispersed system to maximize the solubility of flavonoids in water is substantiated. Results. The influence of the composition of polymer solubilizers on the phase solubilization in water of the model API of flavonoid nature of hesperidin was investigated. Based on the results of graphical analysis of the obtained data, it was concluded that the solubility of hesperidin increases with increasing number of polymers with different molecular weights and surfactants. The increase in solubility depends on the composition. When adding several polymers or a combination of a polymer with a surfactant, the solubility increases significantly more than when adding one compound. It is shown that the maximum value of solubility increase is observed in the system with polymer C and K surfactant - 42.7 times. It was found that the stability constants of polymeric composite materials of hesperidin based on polyvinylpyrrolidones are in the range from 161.87 to 219.88 M-1, which indicates favorable conditions for the formation of complexes.
ANALISIS MATEMATIS PENGELASAN GREY CAST IRON MENGGUNAKAN PROSES GTAW DENGAN DAN TANPA PREHEAT
Authors: Risanti Doty Dewi
Published: May 2021

Pemberian pemanasan awal pada proses pengelasan memberikan efek pengurangan tegangan, distorsi, retakan dan kekerasan pada daerah Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) dengan memperlambat laju pendinginan. Distribusi temperatur saat pengelasan didekati dengan menggunakan persamaan analitik Rosenthal pada logam grey cast iron. Grey cast iron termasuk sulit untuk dilas dan memerlukan perlakuan khusus. Pada penelitian ini, perhitungan distribusi temperatur dan laju pendinginan dibandingkan dengan struktur mikro dan kekerasan untuk grey cast iron yang dilas dengan menggunakan Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Persamaan Rosenthal dengan solusi Bessel hanya cocok untuk distribusi temperatur pada daerah lelehan, sedangkan solusi quasi steady state dapat digunakan untuk prediksi distribusi temperatur arah lateral dan transversal pada logam lasan. Preheating pada suhu 315  berpengaruh pada lebar HAZ yang dihasilkan menurut persamaan eksponensial terhadap travel speed, memperlambat laju pendinginan dan menurunkan kekerasan karena berkurangnya carbon equivalent (CE). Struktur mikro HAZ pada grey cast iron yang diberi preheating menunjukkan dominasi martensit nikel dan eutektik ledeburit, sedangkan tanpa preheating menghasilkan struktur mikro didominasi oleh eutektik ledeburit dan besi karbida dalam white iron.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN TORTILLAS WITH SUBSTITUTE PURPLE SWEET POTATO FLOUR
Authors: Bulotio Nurfitrianti , Engelen Adnan , Lateka Nursia
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to test the physical and chemical quality characteristics of corn tortillas with substitute purple sweet potato flour. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) and LSD test if there was a significant effect. The tests carried out included organoleptic tests, air content analysis, ash content analysis, color analysis and texture analysis. The results showed that the best formulation of tortillas chips was a P4 treatment with the addition of 75% purple sweet potato flour: 25% corn, with a texture value of 4.267, taste 4.75 and aroma 4.56 and for the best color treatment found in the addition of P3 had a value of 4.31. The best treatment in the chemical analysis is the P4 treatment had a color value of -10.93, moisture content of 8.94 and ash content of 2.57. For texture analysis test the highest treatment was P2 treatment with the addition of 25% purple sweet potato flour: 75% corn with a value of 1139.15.
Совершенствование арендных отношений
Authors: Гордеев Анатолий Сергеевич , Шомахова Марьяна Адальбиевна , Гетоков Олег Олиевич , Исраилов М. В.
Published: May 2021

По результатам исследования арендных отношений обоснованы и предложены ряд существенных мер, направленных на их совершенствование. При этом главными критериями совершенствования арендных отношений выбраны не сегодняшние статистические объемы производства сельскохозяйственной продукции, а меры, которые необходимо принять, чтобы производство и его структура носили плановый характер и соответствовали требованиям потребительского рынка. Рекомендованные авторами предложения не противоречат действующему законодательству и не нарушают прав арендатора.
The New Agenda 2020+5 and the Future Challenges for the Olympic Movement
Authors: Nicoliello Mario
Published: May 2021

In March 2021, the Session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has approved a new strategic roadmap, Olympic Agenda 2020+5, consisting of 15 recommendations. The title, Olympic Agenda 2020+5, has been chosen to reflect the fact that this new roadmap is the successor to Olympic Agenda 2020 and will guide the work of the IOC until 2025. Olympic Agenda 2020+5 builds on the results of Olympic Agenda 2020, which, in the six years since it was adopted in December 2014, has had a profound impact. It has strengthened the IOC by introducing changes intended to make the Olympic Games fit for the future, safeguard the Olympic values, and strengthen the role of sports in society. The 15 recommendations that make up Olympic Agenda 2020+5 are based on key trends concerning areas where sport and the values of Olympism can play a role in turning challenges into opportunities. The recommendations call upon the IOC to: strengthen the uniqueness and the universality of the Olympic Games; foster sustainable Olympic Games; reinforce athletes’ rights and responsibilities; continue to attract the best athletes; further strengthen safe sports and the protection of clean athletes; enhance and promote the Road to the Olympic Games; coordinate the harmonisation of the sports calendar; grow digital engagement with people; encourage the development of virtual sports and further engage with video gaming communities; strengthen the role of sport as an important enabler for the UN Sustainable Development Goals; strengthen the support to refugees and populations affected by displacement; reach out beyond the Olympic community; continue to lead by example in corporate citizenship; strengthen the Olympic Movement through good governance; innovate revenue generation models. The paper aims at analysing how principles contained in the Agenda 2020+5 can redesign a more inclusive model of the Olympic Games, with respect to all the stakeholders. Keywords: Agenda 2020+5, Olympic movement, IOC; Olympic Games
CASE OF DOG DIROFILARIOSIS IN THE CITY OF KALUGA
Authors: Vasilevich  , Kraskova  , Nikanorova
Published: May 2021

The article describes a case of dirofilariasis of a dog from the city of Kaluga. Dirofilariasis is a parasitic disease caused by nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, slowly developing and for a long time proceeding in a chronic form. The most common species in veterinary practice is Dirofilaria immitis. The definitive host of these helminths in middle latitudes is carnivorous animals, mainly canines. Dirofilariae are transmitted by the bite of various blood-sucking insects, most often mosquitoes, mainly of the genera Cules, Aedes and Anopheles. The studies were conducted by the method of collecting anamnesis, epizootic data, clinical examination using additional equipment, and laboratory studies. For treatment, antiparasitic drugs of the group of macrocyclic lactones were used in the form of a course, together with supportive therapy aimed at eliminating thrombosis. The habitat of these parasites is expanding due to adaptation to new types of mosquitoes – carriers, climate change, as well as transportation of dogs – definitive owners across the country. The disease is difficult to treat due to the inability to completely get rid of parasites in the bloodstream, and surgical intervention is possible, but requires special equipment, which is usually absent in provincial cities.
EXPERIENCE OF CONTROLLING ZOOPHILLIC FLIES IN CATTLE FARMS IN THE IVANOVO REGION
Authors: Egorov  , Kryuchkova  , Sokolov
Published: May 2021

Zoophillic flies cause great harm to animal husbandry, which consists of two components: flies carry pathogens of various infectious and invasive diseases on their bodies; microorganisms spread by flies cause damage to livestock products. During the period of flying in large numbers, such damage consists of insufficient milk and a decrease in the daily weight gain of animals. The faunistic collection of zoophillic flies was carried out in calve sheds – prophylactorium houses of cattle farms in the Ivanovo region, Palekhsky district. The comparative efficacy of insecticides with the active substance (AS) thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and cypermethrin was assessed. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the fauna of zoophillic flies in livestock farms is represented by three families: Calliphoridae (51%), Muscidae (48.2%) and Anthomyiidae (0.8%). The fastest effect of acute insecticidal activity was observed in the drug with the AS imidacloprid, namely, 4 minutes after insects contacting with treated surfaces. In drugs with the AS thiamethoxam and cypermethrin, insecticidal properties appeared after 8 minutes. The longest insecticidal effect was observed in the drug with the AS imidacloprid, it was 13 days, while in drugs with the AS thiamethoxam and cypermethrin, it was just over half of this period.
PARASKARIDOSIS OF HORSES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL ALTAI
Authors: Efremova  , Marchenko  , Smertina
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper was to study the epizootic process of equine paraskaridosis in the conditions of the Central Altai. The research was conducted in 4 administrative districts of the natural-geographical province. Fecal samples were examined by the methods generally accepted in parasitology. After analyzing the results of ovolarvoscopic studies we can say that nematodes of the suborder Strongylata (IP = 87.8) prevail with EI indicators of 79.4–100.0% in the structure of the helminth complex of the gastrointestinal tract of horses in the territory of all administrative districts. However, an important role in the formation of invasive pathology is played by paraskaridosis, the pathogens of which are a subdominant element in the helminthocomplex (IP 6.9). This disease is almost ubiquitous. The average infestation of horses with nematodes Parascaris equorum of the suborder Ascaridata is 13.0%, with the variability of EI indicators from 7.2 to 22.1%. The maximum infestation was registered in foals, then there is a tendency to reduce the infestation of animals with age. The seasonal manifestation of paraskaridosis is characterized by the greatest infection of animals in the autumn period. Heterogeneity in the infestation of horses with paraskarids in the context of administrative regions is due to the natural and climatic features and orographic diversity of mountain landscapes and the established ecosystems characteristic of them.
THE SPREAD OF SHEEP FLUKES ON THE ECOLOGICALY DIFFERENT TYPES OF PASTURES IN THE DAGESTAN LOWLAND
Authors: Zubairova  , Ataev  , Karsakov
Published: May 2021

The trematodeses (fascioliasis, dicrocoeliosis, paramphistomatosis) are widespread helminthes of sheep. Animals are infected with pathogens of these helminthes on pastures and near water sources. It is established that these trematodoses are common among sheep with different intensity on ecologically different types of pastures of the Dagestan lowland. So, fascioliasis is recorded among sheep on wet lowland with many waterholes, as well as on steppe ecosystems with irrigation and near permanently functioning artesian wells with wetlands with developed freshwater malacofauna. Paramphistomatosis occur in habitats with permanent water sources with the fauna of freshwater mollusks of the family Planorbidae. Dictyocaulosis among sheep is observed in the dry steppe territories with an abundance of land mollusks and ants. Sheep were infected with fascioles in the Dagestan lowlands with an invasion extensity (IE) of 10.0–26.6%, with an invasion intensity (II) of 5–216 copies, with paramphistomum and calicoforum 3.0–15.8% and 4–140 copies, with dicrocelium 18,0–76,6% and 120–2670 copies, respectively. Mixed infestations of trematodoses, strongylatoses, and larval teniidoses are recorded in the interfluve area of Sulak, Terek, Talovka, and Kuma, as well as near the Arakum, Lower Terek, and Shirokolsky reservoirs.
CYTOGENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE MIXED EFFECTS OF OPISTORCHIASIS AND TICK-BORNED ENCEPHALITIS IN ASSOCIATION WITH POLYMORPHISM BY GLUTHATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE GENES
Authors: Ilyinskikh N. , Ilyinskikh E. , Filatova
Published: May 2021

Purpose: to study the duration of the preservation of the cytogenetic effects of tickborne encephalitis (TBE) in individuals infected with the Opisthorchis felineus (OF) helminth, which differ in alleles of the glutathione-S-transferase enzyme genes. Methods: the objects of the study were patients with tick-borne encephalitis in whom the frequencies of micronucleated lymphocytes were detected. All examined patients were subdivided into two groups: TBE patients non-infected with OF, and TBE patients infected with OF. Multiplex PCR was used to analyze the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes.
Results: patients with TBE, infected with OF, had a significantly lower increase in the level of cytogenetic disorders than patients with TBE without OF infection; at the same time, the restoration of the cytogenetic norm in this group was not reached, and there was no association between the frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes and different variants of the glutathione-S-transferase enzyme genes. Conclusion: the frequency of cytogenetic changes in TBE patients infected with OF are significantly less than one in patients with TBE without OF infection. Polymorphism in the genes of the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase does not have significant effect on the cytogenetic disorders in patients with TBE with OF infection.
PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES IN DOMESTIC REINDEER OF YAKUTIA
Authors: Kokolova  , Gavrilieva  , Stepanova  , Dulova  , Sivtseva
Published: May 2021

Reindeer husbandry is the basis of the economy and way of life, the traditional occupation of the indigenous inhabitants of the North, Siberia and the Far East, and the most important branch of animal husbandry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Reindeer husbandry is associated with the cultural traditions, lifestyle and economy of the small national communities of the north. Yakutia is the traditional centre and the region of breeding domestic reindeer. Further development of reindeer husbandry, and increasing of the productivity and profitability of reindeer husbandry in Yakutia are impossible without proper organization and effective protection of domestic reindeer from various diseases, including parasitic ones, which cause significant damage to reindeer farms in the Republic. Reindeer are infected with 37 species of helminths. The results of the research of the authors of the article showed that all the studied deer had different types of helminths, and 100% were infected with gadfly larvae. The most frequent parasitic diseases in deer are monieziasis, larval echinococcosis, parenchymal, muscular and serosal cysticercosis, dictyocaulosis, nematodirellosis and elaphostrongylosis; moreover other parasitoses – edemagenosis and cephenomyosis – are recorded in 100% of deer. The authors of the article consider the infection of deer with larvae of subcutaneous and nasopharyngeal gadflies to be the number one problem.
DISTRIBUTION OF CHORIOPTOSIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NON-BLACK EARTH ZONE
Authors: Levina
Published: May 2021

The work was carried out in the conditions of OOO "Bryansk Meat Company" in Tula, Kaluga and Oryol regions. In the period from October to December 2020, we examined 235 animals of beef breed, of which 86 cows (2–3 years old), 90 calves (7–8 months old) and 59 stud bulls (1.5–2 years old) were of the Aberdeen Angus breed. According to the results of morphological studies, a mite of the genus Chorioptes bovis was diagnosed. The epizootological situation with respect to Chorioptes bovis was studied for three farms "Belolipka" in the Tula region, "Uteshevo" in the Kaluga region and "Rabotkogo" in the Oryol region. The keeping in the farms of OOO «BMK» is loose; in summer, the animals are driven to natural pastures, and in winter, they are in winter enclosures. To confirm the diagnosis of chorioptosis, a deep scraping with an abdominal scalpel in the area of the tailhead in the center of the lesion was taken before the appearance of the ichor. The approximate area of the skin lesion was 10–20 cm2 . We have established the greatest prevalence 93.8% with an intensity of invasion 33.1(12–49)±1.02 specimens/cm2
, which were detected in the Oryol region, as well as the lowest prevalence 80% with intensity of invasion 24.8(10–42)±0.96 specimens/cm2 in the Kaluga region.
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN MUSCA DOMESTICA UNDER SELECTION WITH FIPRONIL
Authors: Levchenko  , Silivanova  , Shumilova  , Sennikova  , Kinareikina
Published: May 2021

Insect resistance to insecticides is one of the main issues of veterinary, medicine, and horticulture around the world. Knowledge of insecticidal resistance mechanisms is crucial for the development of insect control programs. The aim of the present study was to assess some biological parameters and enzyme activities in the house fly Musca domestica L. under selection with fipronil. The selection of M. domestica with fipronil was conducted by non-choice feeding when adults in each generation were fed with sugar that was pre-treated with insecticide solution. In even-numbered year generation, we evaluated the duration of individual development stages, the weight of individuals, fertility, and activity of the main detoxification enzymes (monooxygenases, esterases, and glutathione-S-transferases) in larvae and adults. The assessment of insect susceptibility to fipronil showed that larvae in the tenth generation of the fipronil-selected strain were more susceptible to fipronil than the individuals in the laboratory strain, and adults did not differ from the control as per this indicator. In the tenth generation of the fipronil-selected strain, we found that the duration of the development period from the egg stage to the emergence of adults lasted longer (by 18%) compared to the laboratory line. We noted that the activity of monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferase in larvae and adults varied in certain generations of the fipronil-selected strain.
HELMINTHES OF CATFISH (SILURUS GLANIS L.) IN WATER BODIES OF THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE SYRDARYA RIVER
Authors: Abduganiyev
Published: May 2021

Study of the species composition of catfish helminths in water bodies of the middle reaches of the Syrdarya river.
The material was collected in 2019–2021 in natural and artificial reservoirs of the middle reaches of the Syrdarya river. We examined 216 specimens of the catfish by methods of complete parasitological dissection proposed by V.A. Dogel (1933), A.P. Markevich (1950) and I.E. Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya (1952). The helminths found were undergone laboratory inspection according to generally accepted methods of I.E. Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya (1952), A.A. Shigin (1986) and O.N. Bauer (1987).
As the research results show, the prevalence in catfish was 31.5% with the intensity of invasion 1–70 specimens. 29 species of helminths were recorded in the catfish: 7 species of cestodes, 10 species of trematodes, 9 species of nematodes, and 3 species of proboscis worms, which belong to 27 genera, 19 families, 11 orders and 4 classes. Events of mono- and associative invasions have been reported. From 29 species of helminths found, 17 species were found in the larval form, and 12 species in the sexually mature form.
In natural and artificial reservoirs of the Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan, the catfish is infected with 29 species of helminths. The total infection rate in fish is 31.5%. This parameter varies depending on the season of the year
A SHORT REVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION OF DICTYOCAULUS FILARIA RUDOLPHI (1809) LUNG NEMATODE IN SHEEP OF DIFFERENT CLIMATE AND LANDSCAPE ZONES OF ARMENIA
Authors: Movsesyan  , Petrosyan  , Nikoghosyan  , Terenina  , Voronin
Published: May 2021

Original long-term studies of the authors on the sheep infestation by D. filaria in conditions of pronounced vertical zonal character of climate and landscape belts (300–2000 m above sea level) have shown a presence of wide infestation among all age groups of the animals: in lambs up to 60%, in young sheep up to 57% and in adult sheep up to 45%. Dictyocaulus is also present in moufflons and bezoar goats in Armenia. The main reasons for such a wide infection are the following:
• a monoxenous character of D. filaria life cycle, i.e. the parasite being a geohelminth;
• its survivability in wide range of biotic conditions;
• an insufficient volume of planned prophylaxis measures against dictyocaulosis.
A study of seasonal and age dynamics on author's own and literature data was also performed. Dynamics of infestation of lambs with Dictyocaulus is in both lowlands and mountain zones characterized with 2 peaks: summer and autumn ones (prevalence reaching 29.0% for lowlands, 42.0% for highlands in contrast to 5.7% and 2.8% respectively in the spring) with no invasion at start of the year. For young and adult sheep, dynamics of invasion with Dictyocaulus is characterized with high prevalence in spring and autumn periods (start of the year prevalence up to 45.0%, decrease to 15–25.0% in summer, rising to 40.0% and higher in October-December).
COMPUTERIZATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC FUND: MODERN OBJECTIVE DEVELOPMENT STAGE
OF THE SKRYABIN MUSEUM OF HELMINTHOLOGY VNIIP – FSC VIEV
Authors: Moskvin
Published: May 2021

The modern stage of scientific research and public awareness activities of the Skryabin Museum of Helminthology of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV is associated with the creation and implementation in daily practice of a number of the original computer developments related to recording and cataloging biological items, and storage of information materials.
The implemented computer projects radically reformed and intensified the Museum’s work, the implementation of which earlier required extensive labor resources, or it was technologically problematic.
In 2018–2019, based on implemented computer projects, a methodology was developed for the first time in the practice of the Museum of Helminthology, on the basis of which a complete audit and an up-to-date physical inventory of helminthological specimens was organized and carried out in the Scientific Fund of the Museum Collection of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV.
For the first time, a system of digital indexation of the modern structural organization of all specimen depositories of the Scientific Fund of the Museum of Helminthology was developed and implemented. When conducting an audit of the Collection items, a digital index was assigned to each inventory number, which indicates that a specimen and its information parameters is bound to a specific, current location in the Museum's depositories. Information content about the audited items of the Scientific Fund was entered into a draft "2017" of the computer directory for specimens of the Museum of Helminthology of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV.
Currently, the Scientific Fund of the Collection includes 6686 inventory numbers of the category "microslide", which include 15878 slides representing total and histological specimens of helminths from various taxonomic groups. 13253 inventory numbers are included in the Collection of "wet specimens" with a mark in the computer database, and placed in the depository. The total number of registered items deposited in the Scientific Funds of the Museum of Helminthology is 29131.
Computerization of Scientific Funds of the Museum of Helminthology of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV is objectively necessary modern technology tool set that allows you to comprehensively present and analyze the study items of the important research area of parasitology. The computerization of the Museum has significantly expanded the possibilities for the current methodological development and improvement of museum work, both with collector’s biological items and with accompanying information materials.
ON THE FAUNA OF PHYTONEMATODES OF ANTHROPOGENICALLY TRANSFORMED BIOCOENOSES IN ARMENIA
Authors: Akopian  , Mkrtchian  , Galstian  , Khurshudyan
Published: May 2021

We have examined the fauna and structure of soil nematode communities in anthropogenically transformed biocoenoses of Armenia by example of two biotopes in Yerevan city – fruit and berry gardens, and woodland park area. Ecotrophic characteristics of the identified nematode groups was given, and population density for the most pathogenic groups was determined. Research was conducted in 2019 in the Dalma fruit and berry gardens, and woodland park area of the Hrazdan gorge of Yerevan. 167 soil samples were collected during the research in rhizosphere of 35 plant species. Soil samples were collected by standard methods for nematology. During the research, we identified 22 genera of Nematoda including 8 parasitic ones, belonging to 16 families and 6 orders.
Ecotrophic structure of nematode communities in the mentioned biotopes was represented by 5 ecotrophic groups: bacteriotrophs – Rhabditis, Plectus, Cephalobus, Eucephalobus, Panagrolaimus, mycotrophs – Aphelenchoides, Aphelenchus, predators – Discolaimus,Mononchus, Mylonchulus, Clarcus, polytrophs – Dorylaimus, Eudorylaimus, Mesodorylaimus, phytotrophs: obligate and facultative parasites of plants – Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchus, Criconema, Macroposthonia, Xiphinema, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Tylenchus.
Plant parasitic nematodes (8 genera) were represented by the most diverse generic structure. Among them Xiphinema, Helicotylenchus, and Macroposthonia were found everywhere. However, high density of these Nematoda population was found in rhizosphere of fruit and berry crops in the Dalma gardens. The highest number of Xiphinemahas was detected in rhizosphere of grape (Vitis vinifera) – (147 specimens per 100 cm3 of soil), Macroposthonia in rhizosphere of fig (Ficus carica) – (178 specimens per 100 cm3 of soil) and grape (Vitis vinifera) – (185 specimens per 100 cm3 of soil), and Helicotylenchus in rhizosphere of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) – (250 specimens per 100 cm3 of soil).
Bacteriotrophs and polytrophs were the next prevalent trophic groups of nematodes. The highest density of their population was detected in rhizosphere of ornamental plants in the Hrazdan gorge.
PARASITOCENOSES OF FISH IN RIVERS AND RESERVOIRS OF THE RYAZAN REGION
Authors: Novak A. , Novak M.
Published: May 2021

The wide distribution of trematodes and other helminths with a complex biological cycle in the reservoirs of the Ryazan Region indicates an increase in the level of their eutrophication. We performed a complete helminthological study of the ide (25 copies), roach (21 copies), and perch (29 copies) according to K.I. Skryabin. Taking into account complex hydrological indicators (species composition of higher plants, microphytes, fauna of hydrobionts and their parasites), the Pra River is a dystrophic water body, the Pronya River is an eutrophic water body, and the Novomichurinsk Reservoir is a hypertrophic water body. Parasites of Pra River were represented by nine species, the Pronya River by four species, and the Novomichurinsky Reservoir by six species. Trematodes dominate in all reservoirs of the Ryazan Region. We found an endemic focus of opisthorchiasis in the Pra River where the infection of the ide with metacercarias Opisthorchis felineus reaches 38–50% with an invasion intensity of up to 70 specimens. A number of species of trematodes (Ichthyocotylurus spp., Paracoenogonimus ovatus, Diplostomum spp., Posthodiplostomum spp., Tylodelphys clavata) and cestodes (Ligula intestinalis) should be considered as indicators for assessing an increase in concentration of dissolved biogenic substances in the water bodies. There is a direct correlation between the infection of fish with the above species of trematodes and cestodes (tapeworms) being indicators of the invasion intensity and the degree of eutrophication of the reservoirs.
HELMINTHS OF DOMESTIC AND WILD GALLIFORMES IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Akramova  , Jangubaev  , Arapbaev  , Yorkulov  , Rabbimov  , Azimov
Published: May 2021

We found that parasitic worms were widespread in the study Galliformes of Uzbekistan. The total helminth infection rate in domestic and wild Galliformes was 50.5%. 43 species of helminths belonging to cestodes, trematodes and nematodes were identified in infected birds. For the first time for the helminth fauna of Uzbekistan, we recorded 3 species of trematodes (Brachylaima fuscatus, Collyriculum faba and Echinostoma miyagawai) and 10 species of nematodes (genera: Capillaria, Aonchotheca, Ascaridia, Heterakis, Dispharynx, Streptocara, Tetrameres, Diplotriaena and Splendidofilaria).
In our collected materials, representatives of the Cestoda class were represented by 10 common and widespread species. The Trematoda class was represented by 11 species in the study territory. Two species Brachylaima fuscatus (Rudolphi, 1819) and Cоrrigia corrigia (Braun, 1901) were first recorded in the Himalayan snowcock; and Echinostoma miyagawai Ichii, 1932 in the partridge in the mountainous territories of Central Uzbekistan. The Nematoda class was characterized by the greatest species diversity in Galliformes of Uzbekistan – we recorded 22 species. Among them, Diplotriaena perdicis Sonin et Spassky, 1958; Splendidofilaria gvozdevi Sonin et Baruś, 1978; and Splendidofilaria papillocerca (Lubimov, 1946) were recorded by us for the first time for Galliformes.
MEDICAL AND VETERINARY SIGNIFICANCE OF BLOOD-SUCKING MOSQUITOES (REVIEW)
Authors: Serkova
Published: May 2021

This article presents an analysis of studies on harmful effects of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), which are one of the components of the gnat complex.
Many individuals of this family are vectors of pathogens for a number of invasive and infectious diseases that are dangerous for animals and humans.
The relevance of this study lies in the fact that today, climate warming and urbanization lead to expansion of the area of mosquitos, increase in their number, and as a result, the spread of diseases to new territories of Russia.
Mosquito bites are accompanied by damage to the skin of a victim, a feeder, and introduction of toxic saliva which has a strong anticoagulant and hemolytic effect.
Erythema, inflammation and itching are developed at the place of the insect bite. Multiple bites cause edema, and increased body temperature and local inflammation.
It is difficult to estimate losses caused by mosquitoes to agriculture due to the fact
that mosquitoes attack cattle together with other blood-sucking dipterans: horseflies, blackflies and sandflies. A massive attack of insects causes anxiety in cattle,
disrupts normal grazing of livestock, and results in injuries caused by movements to
protect themselves from insects, which leads to disruption of normal grazing and a decrease in their productivity.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ACTIVITY OF BLINDERS (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE)
Authors: Sivkova
Published: May 2021

This article summarizes the available literature data on association of blood-sucking horseflies (Diptera, Tabanidae) with various abiotic factors (illumination, air temperature, wind and humidity). In recent years, studies on the daily and seasonal activity of horseflies in various territories of our country have been significantly expanded. The gnat complex includes mosquitoes (the family Culicidae), horseflies (Tabanidae), blackflies (Simuliidae) and sandflies (Ceratopogonidae). Factors that determine high abundance of the gnat are favorable climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence combined with abundance of breeding biotopes (various reservoirs and swamp formations), and habitat of adults (woody, shrub or tall herbaceous vegetation available), as well as a sufficient number of warm-blooded animals, a source of engorgement. The damage depends on high abundance of these insects and can adversely affect the health of farm animals and humans due to the transmission of infectious and invasive diseases. The development of effective measures to control horseflies based on the knowledge of biology of these insects, is one of the urgent tasks of agricultural science aimed at increasing animal productivity.
DYNAMICS OF INVASION OF YOUNG TURKEY EIMERIA SPP. IN THE PROCESS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL CYCLE OF THEIR CULTIVATION
Authors: Chalysheva  , Safiullin
Published: May 2021

Among the different sub-branches of poultry farming, turkey breeding is especially attractive due to the intensive production technology and biological characteristics obtained from turkey products. Based on the experience of turkey farming and analysis of the literature, it is obvious that with the development of industrial turkey breeding, a problem arises associated with the pathology of this species of birds, the study of which has not yet been given due attention. To establish the infestation with intestinal parasitic protozoa of young turkeys in the form of the disease Eimeria spp. in 2020 from a specialized turkey breeding farm of the Penza region of Central Russia, samples of feces were examined for the presence of invasive elements. For research coproscopic methods of Fülleborn and Darling were used. Young turkeys of different ages were examined for eimeriosis by the method of intravital coproscopy. On the farm of the Penza region, turkeys were examined from 7 days of age until the full completion of the technological cycle every 14 days by examining at least 20 fresh samples of feces. The study of the dynamics of the invasion of young turkeys with eimeria in the process of the technological cycle of their rearing showed that the greatest infestation of males fell on 35–49 days of age, EI – 30–45%. In young females, the invasion of eimeria was noticeably lower, the peak of infection was at 35–49–63 days of age, EI – 5–30%. The drug Monensin used by us as a coccidiostatic agent in the recommended dose and scheme provided satisfactory efficacy, preventing the clinical manifestation of coccidiosis in young turkeys during the technological cycle of their rearing. Based on the real epizootic situation at poultry farms, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive therapeutic and prophylactic measures against the noted parasitoses, taking into account the exo- and endogenous stages of parasite development.