bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resource allocation for multi‐IRS‐aided D2D communication underlying cellular networks
Authors: Forouzanmehr Maliheh , Akhlaghi Soroush , Khalili Ata
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the resource allocation design in device‐to‐device (D2D) communication underlying cellular networks, which is assisted by multiple intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) deployed at the cell boundary to enhance desired signals and mitigate interference between D2D pairs and CUs. In this regard, a multi‐objective optimization problem (MOOP) framework is formulated to jointly maximize the downlink sum‐rate of the D2D pairs and cellular users (CUs). To doing so, the MOOP is first converted into a single‐objective optimization problem (SOOP) by invoking the weighted sum method. Next, to facilitate the high‐coupled non‐convex SOOP formulation, it is decomposed into two sub‐problems through the alternative optimization method. For the first sub‐problem, the inner approximation and successive convex approximations are adopted for jointly allocating D2D transmission power, subcarrier assignment, and transmit beamforming matrix at the BS. For the second sub‐problem, an iterative algorithm based on the penalty‐based method as well as Fenchel's duality approach is adopted to design the passive beamforming matrices at IRSs, which is guaranteed to rapidly converge to a stationary point. Simulation results reveal that a non‐trivial trade‐off between the total throughput of CUs and D2D pairs exist. Furthermore, the proposed framework significantly outperforms existing works addressed in the literature.
Low‐light image haze removal with light segmentation and nonlinear image depth estimation
Authors: Lv Jianwei , Qian Feng , Zhang Bao
Published: June 2022

Hazy image obtained in the low‐light environment has the characteristics of low contrast, non‐uniform illumination, color cast and much noise. In this paper, a method is put forward which can be properly applied to recover low‐light hazy images. The original image is first decomposed into glow layer and haze layer with a modified color channel transformation for glow artifacts and color balanced. A new light segmentation function is proposed next by using gamma correction of channel difference and setting threshold levels to determine if the pixel belongs to light source regions. Then the ambient illuminance map is estimated using maximum reflectance prior to computing the atmosphere light in the light and non‐light regions. Finally, a novel nonlinear image depth estimation model is established to build the relationship between the image depth map and three image features including luminance, saturation and gradient map for the light areas. The experimental results prove that the dehazing algorithm is reliable for removing haze and glow artifacts of active light sources, reducing much noise and improving the visibility.
Multi‐future Transformer: Learning diverse interaction modes for behaviour prediction in autonomous driving
Authors: He Baotian , Li Yibing
Published: June 2022

Predicting the future behaviour of neighbouring agents is crucial for autonomous driving. This task is challenging, largely because of the diverse unobservable intent of each agent which is further complicated by the complex interaction possibilities between them. The authors propose a multi‐future Transformer framework that implicitly models the multi‐modal joint distribution by capturing the diverse interaction modes of the scene. To this end, a parallel interaction module is constructed, whereby each interaction block learns the joint agent–agent and agent–map interactions for possible future evolution. The model can perform likelihood estimation from the perspective of both the joint distribution of the scene and marginal distribution of each agent. Combined with the proposed scene‐level winner‐take‐all loss strategy complementary to the model architecture, the best performance is achieved for both target agent prediction and scene prediction tasks in a single model. To better utilise the scene context, comprehensive control experiments were conducted highlighting the importance of fine‐grained scene representation with content‐adaptive aggregation and late fusion of semantic attributes. The method, evaluated on the popular Argoverse forecasting dataset, outperformed previous methods while maintaining low model complexity.
Vector control of PMSM based on disturbance compensation and nonsingular terminal sliding mode
Authors: LIU Xingbang , FU Zhaoyang , LIU Zheng , PING Shuangrui
Published: June 2022

In order to enhance the global asymptotic stability of the system in sliding mode control for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a nonsingular terminal sliding mode speed loop controller based on nonlinear sliding mode surface is designed in this paper, which ensures the finite-time convergence and improves the steady state precision of the system. Meanwhile, it avoids the singularity problem and reduces the chattering problem of the system. In order to improve the anti-interference ability and control precision of the system, a new disturbance observer is designed, which feeds the observed values back to the speed controller. Aiming at the safety and reliability of the position sensor, a sliding mode position observer is also designed which enable the real-time, fast and accurate tracking of the position signal to be realized. The simulation results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper can effectively improve the control precision and response speed of the system, and enhance the anti-interference ability of the PMSM control system.
Hygiene in der Dermatologie: multiresistente gram-negative Stäbchen (MRGN) und Vancomycin-resistente Enterokokken (VRE)
Authors: Schlatterer Kathrin , Maxeiner Horst-Günter , Zouboulis Christos C. , Daeschlein Georg
Published: June 2022

Bakterielle Besiedlungen von Haut und Wunden sowie Infektionen mit Problemkeimen spielen in der Dermatologie eine wichtige Rolle. Neben Methicillin-resistenter Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) finden sich auch zunehmend MRGN und VRE bei Wund- und Weichteilinfektionen. Da sowohl für multiresistente gram-negative Stäbchen (MRGN) als auch Vancomycin-resistente Enterokokken (VRE) das Haupt-Reservoir der menschliche Darm ist, ist eine Sanierung nicht möglich. Daher ist das Ziel, bei diesen beiden multiresistenten Erregerarten durch Prävention bei Risikopatienten und geeignete Hygiene-Maßnahmen eine Reduktion in zusätzlichen Reservoiren wie bspw. chronischen Wunden zu erreichen sowie durch richtigen Einsatz von Antibiotika eine weitere Zunahme von MRGN- und VRE-Inzidenzen zu verhindern. Aus diesem Grund ist bei der Infektionsprävention ein besonderer Fokus auf das Hygienemanagement zu legen. Dieses soll praxisnah, effizient und nachvollziehbar, damit also auch vermittelbar sein. Die Antibiotikastrategie soll so ausgestaltet sein, dass die Selektion resistenter Erreger möglichst verhindert wird. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für das Krankenhaus wie auch das ambulante Umfeld von Patienten.
I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy is a significant treatment option for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wakabayashi Hiroshi , Kayano Daiki , Inaki Anri , Kinuya Seigo
Published: June 2022

Aim Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumours of chromaffin cells. Several modalities are currently available to treat patients with PPGL. These treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and radiopharmaceuticals.

Methods I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG), a classic radiopharmaceutical, can be taken up through specific receptors and sited into many, but not all, PPGL cells.

Results Many studies have investigated the efficacy and toxicity of I-131 mIBG therapy. These studies reported significant results in terms of objective, hormonal and symptomatic responses as well as tolerable toxicities in patients.

Conclusion This article reviews the reported experiences of patients who underwent I-131 mIBG therapy for PPGL with a focus on functions and deficiencies of the therapy.
Associations of Plasma Bioactive Adrenomedullin Levels with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Lammert Jacqueline , Basrai Maryam , Struck Joachim , Hartmann Oliver , Engel Christoph , Bischoff Stephan C. , Berling-Ernst Anika , Halle Martin , Kiechle Marion , Grill Sabine
Published: June 2022

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer survivors. Effective screening modalities to identify CVD risk are lacking in this population. Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been suggested as a biomarker for subclinical cardiac dysfunction in the general population. Levels of ADM have been proven to be responsive to lifestyle changes that lead to improved cardiovascular health. As BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are deemed to be at an increased risk for CVD, the aim of this study was to examine plasma ADM levels in a cohort of BRCA mutation carriers and to assess their association with cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods Plasma ADM concentrations were measured in 292 female BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with and without a history of breast cancer. Subjects were classified into high versus low ADM levels based on the median ADM level in the entire cohort (13.8 pg/mL). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of having elevated ADM levels by several cardiovascular risk factors.

Results Of all women (median age: 43 years), 57.5% had a previous diagnosis of breast cancer. The median time between diagnosis and study entry was three years (range: 0 – 32 years). Women presenting with metabolic syndrome had 22-fold increased odds of having elevated ADM levels (p < 0.001). Elevated ADM levels were associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness (OR = 0.88, p < 0.001) and several parameters of obesity (p < 0.001). ADM levels were higher in women who have ever smoked (OR = 1.72, p = 0.02). ADM levels were not associated with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer (p = 0.28).

Conclusions This is the first study in BRCA mutation carriers that has linked circulating ADM levels to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The long-term clinical implications of these findings are yet to be determined.
What size cutoff level should be used to implement optical polyp diagnosis?
Authors: Taghiakbari Mahsa , Pohl Heiko , Djinbachian Roupen , Anderson Joseph C. , Metellus Danny , Barkun Alan N. , Bouin Mickael , von Renteln Daniel
Published: June 2022

Background The risk of advanced pathology increases with polyp size, as does the potential for mismanagement when optical diagnosis is used. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of patients who would be assigned inadequate surveillance intervals when different size cutoffs are adopted for use of optical diagnosis.

Methods In a post hoc analysis of three prospective studies, the use of optical diagnosis was evaluated for three polyp size groups: 1–3, 1–5, and 1–10 mm. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients in whom advanced adenomas were found and optical diagnosis resulted in delayed surveillance. Secondary outcomes included agreements between surveillance intervals based on high confidence optical diagnosis and pathology outcomes, reduction in histopathological examinations, and proportion of patients who could receive an immediate surveillance recommendation.

Results We included 3374 patients (7291 polyps ≤ 10 mm) undergoing complete colonoscopies (median age 66.0 years, 75.2 % male, 29.6 % for screening). The percentage of patients with advanced adenomas and either 2- or 7-year delayed surveillance intervals (n = 79) was 3.8 %, 15.2 %, and 25.3 % for size cutoffs of 1–3, 1–5, and 1–10 mm polyps, respectively (P < 0.001). Surveillance interval agreements between pathology and optical diagnosis for the three groups were 97.2 %, 95.5 %, and 94.2 %, respectively. Total reductions in pathology examinations for the three groups were 33.5 %, 62.3 %, and 78.2 %, respectively.

Conclusion A 3-mm cutoff for clinical implementation of optical diagnosis resulted in a very low risk of delayed management of advanced neoplasia while showing high surveillance interval agreement with pathology and a one-third reduction in overall requirement for pathology examinations.
Bite-on-bite biopsies for the detection of residual esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: van der Bogt Ruben D. , van der Wilk Berend J. , Oudijk Lindsey , Schoon Erik J. , van Lijnschoten Gesina , Corporaal Sietske , Nieken Judith , Siersema Peter D. , Bisseling Tanya M. , van der Post Rachel S. , Quispel Rutger , van Tilburg Arjan , Oostenbrug Liekele E. , Riedl Robert G. , Hol Lieke , Kliffen Mike , Nikkessen Suzan , Eyck Ben M. , van Lanschot J. Jan B. , Doukas Michael , Spaander Manon C. W.
Published: June 2022

Background Active surveillance after neoadjuvant treatment is increasingly implemented. The success of this strategy relies on the accurate detection of residual cancer. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of a second (bite-on-bite) biopsy for the detection of residual esophageal cancer and to correlate outcomes to the distribution of residual cancer found in the resection specimen.

Methods A multicenter prospective study of esophageal cancer patients undergoing active surveillance after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was performed. At clinical response evaluations, an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy was performed with at least four bite-on-bite biopsies of the primary tumor site. First and second biopsies were analyzed separately. Patients with histopathological evidence of residual cancer were included in the primary analysis. Two pathologists blinded for biopsy outcome examined all resection specimens.

Results Between October 2017 and July 2020, 626 upper GI endoscopies were performed in 367 patients. Of 138 patients with residual cancer, 112 patients (81 %) had at least one positive biopsy. In 14 patients (10 %) only the first biopsy was positive and in 25 patients (18 %) only the second biopsy (P = 0.11). Remarkably, the rates of patients with tumor-free mucosa and deeper located tumors were higher in patients detected by the first biopsy. The second biopsy increased the false-positive rate by 3 percentage points. No adverse events occurred.

Conclusions A second (bite-on-bite) biopsy improves the detection of residual esophageal cancer by almost 20 percentage points, at the expense of increasing the false-positive rate by 3 percentage points. The higher detection rate is explained by the higher number of biopsies obtained rather than by the penetration depth.
Reliability of Cusp Angulation Using Three-Dimensional Digital Models: A Preliminary In Vitro Study
Authors: Liu Xinggang , Chen Xiaoxian
Published: June 2022

Background Dental cusp angulation provides valuable insights into chewing efficiency and prosthesis safety. Artificial intelligence-enabled computing of cusp angles has potential important value, but there is currently no reliable digital measurement method as a cornerstone.

Objectives To establish a digital method for measuring cusp angles and investigate inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities.

Methods Two cusp angles (angles α and β) of the first molar were measured on 21 plaster casts using a goniometer and on their corresponding digital models using PicPick software after scanning with a CEREC Bluecam three-dimensional (3D) intraoral scanner. Means ± standard deviations, as well as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Pearson's correlation coefficients (PCCs) were calculated, and repeated measures analysis of variance was performed. The Bland–Altman method was used to calculate the difference and mean degree values of two measurement methods from both examiners, and the Bland–Altman diagram was drawn using MedCalc software.

Results When the examiner was experienced, angle α was 139.19° ± 13.86°, angle β was 19.25° ± 6.86°, and a very strong positive correlation between the two methods was found (r > 0.9; p < 0.001). No significant difference between the two methods was found using the repeated measures analysis of variance (p > 0.05). The Bland–Altman diagram showed that the two methods were highly consistent. For inter-rater assessments, the ICC and PCC values of the cusp angulation using the digital method were all higher than the corresponding values measured on traditional casts. For intra-rater assessments, the ICC values of cusp angulation using the digital method were higher than the corresponding values measured on traditional plaster casts for both examiners. However, repeated measurements of the angle β of the inter-examiners revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) for both methods.

Conclusions Cusp angulation using 3D digital models is a clinical option and appears to improve the reliability of cusp angulation compared with measuring plaster casts using a goniometer. This variability was still evident when measuring small cusp angles using the digital model for inexperienced examiners.
Spinal Tuberculosis within the Vertebral Arch Mimicking a Malignant Tumor: Case Report
Authors: Niedermeyer Sebastian , Draenert Rika , Beck Alexander , Todorova Rumyana , Jung Andreas , Biczok Anna-Maria , Tonn Jörg-Christian , Thorsteinsdottir Jun
Published: June 2022

Background Spinal tuberculosis is a manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The incidence of tuberculosis is low in high-income countries; however, globally, it still remains one of the most frequent fatal infectious diseases. Because of its rarity in developed countries, spinal tuberculosis can be mistaken for malignant tumors of the spine, especially in case of an atypical radiologic manifestation and without pulmonary affection.

Methods We present the case of a 39-year-old man from South India with quickly progressing gait disturbance and hypesthesia below the Th10 level. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an osteolytic lesion of the vertebral arch Th2 with central necrosis and compression of the spinal cord altogether highly suspicious for spinal metastasis.

Results After surgical removal of the mass by laminectomy, the patient regained normal neurologic function. Histology revealed a severe granulomatous inflammation and DNAhybridization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific DNA in the sample. Biopsy of an enlarged hilar lymphnode allowed us to obtain material to successfully perform a drug resistance test to start specific antimicrobial therapy.

Conclusion Spinal tuberculosis, even with atypical radiologic appearance, has to be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with provenance from endemic countries. A multidisciplinary diagnostic approach helps perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing to avoid delaying the start of antibiotic therapy.
Osteolipoma profundo cervicotorácico próximo ao plexo braquial – Relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Freitas Leonardo Furtado , Duarte Márcio Luís , Xavier Fernando Silva , Assunção Fernanda Boldrini , Mathias Júnior Luis Roberto , Scoppetta Thiago Luiz Pereira Donoso
Published: June 2022

O osteolipoma é uma rara variante benigna do lipoma e constitui menos de 1% de todos os lipomas, se apresentando como uma massa indolor bem circunscrita. É um tumor conhecido por ocorrer em várias regiões, comumente intraósseas ou adjacente ao tecido ósseo, cuja patogênese ainda não está clara. Os exames de imagem são úteis em sua avaliação e, principalmente, no planejamento cirúrgico, que consiste na exérese tumoral. Contudo, o diagnóstico definitivo do osteolipoma é realizado pelo exame histopatológico. Apesar de benigno, o osteolipoma pode comprimir estruturas ao seu redor, levando a importante sintomatologia como neste caso relatado em que está em contato com o plexo braquial.
Generosity during COVID-19: investigating socioeconomic shocks and game framing
Authors: Lotti Lorenzo , Pethiyagoda Shanali
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates two research questions. First, we examine the impact of the negative socioeconomic shock of the COVID-19 pandemic on generosity towards different types of recipients, and changes in generosity as the shock worsens over time. This is carried out by analysing the responses of 1255 US citizens to four dictator games played over 8 weeks of the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, corresponding to four different recipients: relatives, neighbours, strangers, and the state. Second, we investigate whether the order in which the games are played create a framing effect that influences social preferences in terms of generosity towards the different recipients. Results capture an increase in generosity despite the worsening pandemic, indicating strong perceived increasing marginal benefits of generosity in times of hardship. There is significant heterogeneity in the effects of additional regressors, such as perceived contagion risk, on the likelihood and amount donated to strangers, family members, or the government. At the same time, some significant effects of framing bring new evidence regarding the stability of social preferences.
Measuring following behaviour in gift giving by utility function: statistical model and empirical evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Tao
Published: June 2022

Gift giving is a prevalent social custom, particularly in Chinese society. Since people do not act independently of social norms, they are also motivated by the views of others when giving gifts. However, there is no existing literature on this important topic for China. To fill this gap, based on the law of diminishing marginal utility, this study investigates the effects of social conformity on gift giving in China. A relative index is constructed to capture the following behaviours in gift giving. The likelihood of following behaviours is measured by a statistical model derived from utility functions. Panel and dynamic ordinal discrete regressions are employed for empirical analysis. A case study in China employing a nationally representative longitudinal dataset with 37,147 individuals over three periods is applied. The results show that overall, more than half of the population in China tends to follow others in regard to gift expenses. However, from 2014 to 2018, this tendency declined sharply. Men are more likely to follow their peers in gift expenditure than are women. Older people have a lower preference to follow others than young people. More specifically, the assumption of diminishing marginal utility in gift giving is fully supported by the empirical findings in this study.
Comment on “A novel two-dimensional boron-carbon-nitride (BCN) monolayer: A first-principles insight” [J. Appl. Phys. 130, 114301 (2021)]
Authors: Mortazavi Bohayra , Shojaei Fazel , Neek-Amal Mehdi
Published: June 2022

Recently, Bafekry et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 130, 114301(2021)] reported their density functional theory results on the structural, phonon dispersion, elastic constants, and electronic properties of a BCN monolayer. The aforementioned theoretical work, however, includes erroneous results and discussions, as will be explained in this Comment.
Space charge limited corrections to the power figure of merit for diamond
Authors: Surdi Harshad , Thornton Trevor , Nemanich Robert J. , Goodnick Stephen M.
Published: June 2022

An interpretation of the unipolar figure of merit is formulated for wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors based on the on-state specific resistance (RON,sp) derived from the space charge limited current–voltage relationship (Mott–Gurney square law). The limitations of the traditional Ohmic RON,sp for WBG semiconductors are discussed, particularly at low doping, while the accuracy of the Mott–Gurney based RON,sp is confirmed by Silvaco ATLAS drift–diffusion simulations of diamond Schottky pin diodes. The effects of incomplete ionization are considered as well.
Dynamic evolution of liquid phase disturbance and its critical influence on pre-breakdown process
Authors: Li Xian-Dong , He Hua , Xiao Tian-Fei , Lan Ming-Yan , Xiong Ding , Li Jian
Published: June 2022

Liquid phase disturbances are often observed in pre-breakdown processes; however, their dynamic behaviors are rarely studied. In this paper, time evolution characteristics of liquid phase disturbance under ultra-long pulses (>100 ms) were investigated. The results showed that the steady expansion of liquid phase disturbance follows the pattern of constant heating power, volume growth rate, and liquid temperature (about 52 °C unvaried with applied voltage). The shrinkage of liquid phase disturbance with the applied voltage leads to the breakdown transition from a full disturbed phase mode to a partial disturbed phase mode. Further research indicated that the liquid phase disturbance has a significant influence on the development of subsonic streamers (especially for positive polarity). In the disturbed phase of liquid, the streamers propagate faster with a plump morphology than in the stationary phase. The local turbulences at the boundary of the disturbed phase can retard the streamer propagation remarkably and lead to the streamer branching. Finally, the abnormal downtrend of positive streamers' average velocity varied with the applied voltage due to the shrinkage of liquid phase disturbance was predicted and observed for the first time.
Knotted 4-regular graphs: Polynomial invariants and the Pachner moves
Authors: Cartin Daniel
Published: June 2022

In loop quantum gravity, states of quantum geometry are represented by classes of knotted graphs, equivalent under diffeomorphisms. Thus, it is worthwhile to enumerate and distinguish these classes. This paper looks at the case of 4-regular graphs, which have an interpretation as objects dual to triangulations of three-dimensional manifolds. Two different polynomial invariants are developed to characterize these graphs—one inspired by the Kauffman bracket relations and the other based on quandles. How the latter invariant changes under the Pachner moves acting on the graphs is then studied.
Hydroxymethyl PEDOT microstructure-based electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wustoni Shofarul , Nikiforidis Georgios , Inal Sahika , Indartono Yuli Setyo , Suendo Veinardi , Yuliarto Brian
Published: June 2022

The development of conducting polymer-based supercapacitors offers remarkable advantages, such as good ionic and electronic conductivity, ease of synthesis, low processing cost, and mechanical flexibility. 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) is a conducting polymer with robust chemical and environmental stability during storage and operation in an aqueous environment. Yet, improving its electrochemical capacitance and cycle life remains a challenge for high-performance supercapacitors exceeding the current state-of-the-art. The fabrication of PEDOT composites with carbon nanomaterials and metal oxides is the commonly used approach to enhance capacitance and stability. This work discusses a comparative study to fabricate highly stable PEDOT derivative electrodes with remarkable specific capacitance via a straightforward electrochemical polymerization technique. The hydroxymethyl PEDOT (PEDOTOH) doped with perchlorate in a dichloromethane (DCM) solvent (197 F g−1) exhibits superior performance compared to the polymer formed in an aqueous solution (124 F g−1). Furthermore, the electropolymerized PEDOTOH on flexible Au/Kapton substrates was assembled into a free-standing symmetrical supercapacitor in an agarose additive-free gel. The use of agarose gel electrolytes can offer easy handling, no leakage, moderate ionic conductivity, and flexibility for miniaturization and integration. The supercapacitor reached a specific capacitance of 36.96 F g−1 at a current density of 13.7 A g−1, an energy density of 14.96 Wh kg−1, and a power density of 22.2 kW kg−1 among the highest values reported for PEDOT-based supercapacitors. The self-standing supercapacitor achieves an industry-par capacitance retention of ∼98% after 10000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. This study provides insights into the effect of solvents and electropolymerization modes on the polymer structure and its electrochemical properties toward high-performance supercapacitor devices.
Finite-size effects in the diffusion dynamics of a glass-forming binary mixture with large size ratio
Authors: Vaibhav Vinay , Horbach Jürgen , Chaudhuri Pinaki
Published: June 2022

Extensive molecular dynamics computer simulations of an equimolar, glass-forming AB mixture with a large size ratio are presented. While the large A particles show a glass transition around the critical density of mode-coupling theory ρc, the small B particles remain mobile with a relatively weak decrease in their self-diffusion coefficient DB with increasing density. Surprisingly, around ρc, the self-diffusion coefficient of species A, DA, also starts to show a rather weak dependence on density. We show that this is due to finite-size effects that can be understood from the analysis of the collective interdiffusion dynamics.
Thermalization dynamics of macroscopic weakly nonintegrable maps
Authors: Malishava Merab , Flach Sergej
Published: June 2022

We study thermalization of weakly nonintegrable nonlinear unitary lattice dynamics. We identify two distinct thermalization regimes close to the integrable limits of either linear dynamics or disconnected lattice dynamics. For weak nonlinearity, the almost conserved actions correspond to extended observables which are coupled into a long-range network. For weakly connected lattices, the corresponding local observables are coupled into a short-range network. We compute the evolution of the variance σ2(T) of finite time average distributions for extended and local observables. We extract the ergodization time scale TE which marks the onset of thermalization, and determine the type of network through the subsequent decay of σ2(T). We use the complementary analysis of Lyapunov spectra [M. Malishava and S. Flach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 134102 (2022)] and compare the Lyapunov time TΛ with TE. We characterize the spatial properties of the tangent vector and arrive at a complete classification picture of weakly nonintegrable macroscopic thermalization dynamics.
Analysis of temperature dependencies of transport coefficients for a single-crystal bismuth wire with a 1.90-μm diameter
Authors: Otsuka Mioko , Morita Hiroyuki , Arisaka Taichi , Hasegawa Yasuhiro
Published: June 2022

We measured the temperature dependencies of resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, magnetoresistivity, and Hall coefficient from 20 to 300 K for an individual single-crystal bismuth wire with a diameter of 1.90 μm and a length of 1554 μm. The wire was embedded in a quartz glass after making local electrodes on the wire through a nanofabrication process. The temperature dependencies were investigated using a model that considered not only the wire diameter, crystal orientation, band structure, and Fermi surface of the bismuth, but also the scattering process and mean free path of the carrier. We were able to explain the dependencies of resistivity and Seebeck coefficient on the contribution of each carrier pocket for the bismuth wire. The results showed that the specific conductivity of the carrier pocket of bismuth was dominant in the lower temperature region due to the wire geometry. As a result, the characteristic temperature dependence of resistivity was observed. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient was estimated using conductivity, and the data indicated that the experimental and calculation results were in good agreement.
Characterization of dynamic fluctuations of CO2 fluid parameters at critical regions near the pseudo-critical line
Authors: Liu Zi-Yu , Chen Lin , Chen Haisheng
Published: June 2022

Dynamic parameter fluctuations of a fluid in the critical region exhibit abnormal phase behaviors. Explanation of the pseudo-critical line, even at the supercritical region, shows difficulties in the continuous traveling and crossing process of the near-by region. The present study shows molecular dynamics simulation of CO2 fluid near the pseudo-critical line, using an updated set of CO2 parameter-set in all-atom optimized potentials for liquid simulations forcefield. Standard deviation analysis has been employed to analyze the regularity and characteristic of CO2 existence near its pseudo-critical line. Different from the conventional phase-analogy method, the nonequilibrium supercritical CO2 fluid shows asymmetry behavior around the pseudo-line ridge, which indicates the uneven parameter distribution at two sides. Instead of a simple “mixture” explanation, local distribution parameters illustrate the intermolecular aggregation and structural transformation across the near-pseudo-critical line region. At the far-away region, fluctuation amplitude decreases and the transient aggregation phenomenon vanishes.
Large-eddy simulation of particle-laden isotropic turbulence using machine-learned subgrid-scale model
Authors: Wu Qi , Zhao Yaomin , Shi Yipeng , Chen Shiyi
Published: June 2022

We apply a machine-learned subgrid-scale model to large-eddy simulations (LES) of heavy particles in isotropic turbulence with different Stokes numbers. The data-driven model, originally developed for high Reynolds number isotropic turbulent flows based on the gene expression programming (GEP) method, has explicit model equations and is for the first time tested in multiphase problems. The performance of the GEP model has been investigated in detail, focusing on the particle statistics including particle acceleration, velocity, and clustering. Compared with the commonly used dynamic Smagorinsky model, the GEP model provides significantly improved predictions on the particle statistics with Stokes numbers varying from 0.01 to 20, showing satisfactory agreement with the results from direct numerical simulations. The reasons for the enhanced predictions of the GEP model are further discussed. As the GEP model is less dissipative and it introduces high-order terms closely related to vorticity distribution, the fine-scale structures usually missing in LES simulations can be better recovered, which are believed to be closely related to the intermittency of particle motion and also particle clustering.
A modular approach to map out the conformational landscapes of unbound intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Luong Thinh D. N. , Nagpal Suhani , Sadqi Mourad , Muñoz Victor
Published: June 2022

Significance

Intrinsically disordered proteins have the unique ability to morph in response to multiple partners and thereby process sophisticated inputs and outputs. It is, however, a mystery whether their response is passive, that is, entirely determined by the partner, or controlled via an internal, yet unknown, folding mechanism. Here we introduce an approach to examine this key question and demonstrate its potential by dissecting the conformational properties of the partially disordered protein NCBD and obtaining important clues about how it performs its biological function.
The convergence of head-on DNA unwinding forks induces helicase oligomerization and activity transition
Authors: Bi Lulu , Qin Zhenheng , Wang Teng , Li Yanan , Jia Xinshuo , Zhang Xia , Hou Xi-Miao , Modesti Mauro , Xi Xu-Guang , Sun Bo
Published: June 2022

Significance

Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) is a multifunctional helicase that primarily catalyzes the separation of two single strands of DNA. Here, using a single-molecule optical tweezers approach combined with confocal microscopy, we monitored both the enzymatic activity and oligomeric status of BLM at the same time. Strikingly, a head-on collision of BLM-medicated DNA unwinding forks was found to effectively switch their oligomeric state and activity. Specifically, BLMs, upon collision, immediately fuse across the fork junctions and covert their activities from dsDNA unwinding to ssDNA translocation and protein displacement. These findings explain how BLM plays multiple functional roles in homologous recombination (HR). The single-molecule approach used here provides a reference model for investigating the relationship between protein oligomeric state and function.
Responsive robotic prey reveal how predators adapt to predictability in escape tactics
Authors: Szopa-Comley Andrew W. , Ioannou Christos C.
Published: June 2022

Significance

A widespread strategy used by prey animals, seen in insects, mammals, amphibians, crustaceans, fish, and reptiles, is to vary the direction in which they escape when attacked by a predator. This unpredictability is thought to benefit prey by inhibiting predators from predicting the prey’s escape trajectory, but experimental evidence is lacking. Using fish predators repeatedly tested with interactive, robot-controlled prey escaping in the same (predictable) or in random (unpredictable) directions, we find no clear benefit to prey of escaping unpredictably, driven by behavioral counteradaptation by the predators. The benefit of unpredictable escape behavior may depend on whether predators are able to counteract prey escape tactics by flexibly modifying their behavior, or unpredictability may instead be explained biomechanical or sensory constraints.
Leveraging intrinsic flexibility to engineer enhanced enzyme catalytic activity
Authors: Karamitros Christos S. , Murray Kyle , Winemiller Brent , Lamb Candice , Stone Everett M. , D'Arcy Sheena , Johnson Kenneth A. , Georgiou George
Published: June 2022

Significance

Protein flexibility has been recognized as a key contributor to enzyme evolution and catalytic activity. Several studies have illustrated how amino acid substitutions that affect protein flexibility can impact catalysis. However, it is unknown whether structural information regarding conformational flexibility can be exploited for directed evolution of enzymes with higher catalytic activity. Using as a model human kynureninase, an enzyme with important therapeutic implications in cancer immunotherapy, we show that mutagenesis of residues exclusively located within high B-factor regions distal to the active site resulted in a variant with markedly enhanced catalytic activity for its nonpreferred substrate, kynurenine. Our results suggest that modulation of intrinsic flexibility through mutagenesis of remote flexible regions constitutes a promising strategy for directed enzyme evolution.
High-performance K-ion half/full batteries with superb rate capability and cycle stability
Authors: Lu Xianlu , Zhang Xinfeng , Zheng Yapeng , Zhang Dongdong , Jiang Lan , Gao Fengmei , Liu Qiao , Fu Dingfa , Teng Jie , Yang Weiyou
Published: June 2022

Significance

The present work might be significant for exploring advanced K-ion batteries with superb rate capability and cycle stability toward practical applications. The as-assembled K-ion half cell exhibits an excellent rate capability of 428 mA h g
−1
at 100 mA g
−1
and a high reversible specific capacity of 330 mA h g
−1
with 120% specific capacity retention after 2,000 cycles at 2,000 mA g
−1
, which is the best among those based on carbon materials. The as-constructed full cell delivers 98% specific capacity retention over 750 cycles at 500 mA g
−1
, superior to most of those based on carbon materials that have been reported thus far.
Flat teams drive scientific innovation
Authors: Xu Fengli , Wu Lingfei , Evans James
Published: June 2022

With teams growing in all areas of scientific and scholarly research, we explore the relationship between team structure and the character of knowledge they produce. Drawing on 89,575 self-reports of team member research activity underlying scientific publications, we show how individual activities cohere into broad roles of 1) leadership through the direction and presentation of research and 2) support through data collection, analysis, and discussion. The hidden hierarchy of a scientific team is characterized by its lead (or L) ratio of members playing leadership roles to total team size. The L ratio is validated through correlation with imputed contributions to the specific paper and to science as a whole, which we use to effectively extrapolate the L ratio for 16,397,750 papers where roles are not explicit. We find that, relative to flat, egalitarian teams, tall, hierarchical teams produce less novelty and more often develop existing ideas, increase productivity for those on top and decrease it for those beneath, and increase short-term citations but decrease long-term influence. These effects hold within person—the same person on the same-sized team produces science much more likely to disruptively innovate if they work on a flat, high-L-ratio team. These results suggest the critical role flat teams play for sustainable scientific advance and the training and advancement of scientists.
How learning Toki Pona may help improving communication strategies in a foreign or second language
Authors: Coluzzi Paolo
Published: June 2022

Abstract (English)

This article aims to explore the possibility that learning Toki Pona, a “minimalist” constructed language with a
total lexicon of only 123 words, may help students to develop their skills in using communication strategies in the foreign or
second language they are learning. After a general introduction on constructed languages, three sections follow: one introducing
Toki Pona, one presenting the research hypothesis and aim, and another outlining communications strategies. The article continues
with the methodology employed and a discussion of the results obtained. These show that learning Toki Pona may indeed help the
students to improve their communication strategies, and particularly circumlocution, so that they can avoid breakdowns in
communication when they do not know or do not remember a word or expression.
Concept management for Terminology
Authors: Meyer Ingrid
Published: June 2022

Terminology has both a linguistic and a conceptual dimension, and the general goal of our research is to develop a computer aid to facilitate the latter. Concept management is crucial to all stages of terminology work as it is practiced today and will become even more so for the next generation of term banks. The central argument of this paper is that concept management technology should draw on developments in Knowledge Engineering, since knowledge engineers and terminologists share a number of fundamental conceptual problems. As an illustration, we describe the work underway at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the University of Ottawa, where a knowledge engineering tool for terminology applications is under active development.
Text genres and Terminology
Authors: Pecman Mojca , Kübler Natalie
Published: June 2022

Terminology is intrinsically linked to textual genres. Text genres became an essential component of terminological research and practice in the context of Corpus-based and Textual Terminology. These approaches placed a spotlight on specific terminological features according to genre types and made contrastive analysis possible with emphasis on genres, registers and, consequently, domains. This chapter discusses the way Corpus-based and Textual Terminology have paved the way to placing genres in the core of terminological analysis. It explains why textual genres are often looked on as fuzzy categories. It also presents the various studies in Terminology involving textual genres and the general hypotheses, basic principles and the methodologies used therein. Finally, it examines the impact of text genres on theoretical and applied Terminology and on the future research in Terminology.
Conceptual metaphors
Authors: Ureña Gómez-Moreno José Manuel , Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez Francisco José
Published: June 2022

This chapter offers an overview of conceptual metaphor research with particular attention to specialised language. It surveys the growing body of research showing the role of metaphor both as a tool to generate and develop scientific thinking and as a resource for specialised knowledge popularisation. This chapter also addresses specialised language studies that explore not only the embodied but also the socio-cultural dimension of metaphor in terminology, thus crucially refining conceptual metaphor theories and typologies in all spheres of communication.
Terminological growth
Authors: Kageura Kyo
Published: June 2022

The generation of new terms involves various factors at different levels and can be described and modelled from different points of view. This chapter analyses approaches that model terminological growth by describing the creation of new terms in relation to the terminology of a domain as a set or as a system, and/or in relation to the conceptual system that it represents. We first examine the concept of terminological growth in contrast to the description and modelling of term formation, and then describe the approaches used to model terminological growth. Finally, we discuss implications for practical issues in terminology processing.
A review on recycled aggregate concretes (RACs)
Authors: Musa A A
Published: June 2022

The recycling of waste concrete materials in the civil constructions is a critical issue like recycled aggregate concrete is weakly adhered mortar having higher porosity and water absorption, forming weak interfacial transition zones, causing an adverse impact on the mechanical properties and durability. But the use of pozzolanic materials as supplementary cementitious materials in recycled aggregate concrete, is more effective and feasible method of improving the overall mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. This paper reviews various methods for improving the mechanical and durability properties of RACs. Despite the fact that many research studies have been conducted in this area, there are significant gaps in the current state of knowledge on the performance of RACs. As a result, this paper identifies the gaps in current knowledge on improving mechanical and durability properties of RAC and provides recommendations for future research.
Metal-sulfide based nano-composites and their electrochemical performance: A Review
Authors: Mehta Sagar , Samra Kawaljeet Singh
Published: June 2022

In this work, we have analyzed the electrochemical performance of various metal-sulfides based nano-composites. Comparison of electro-chemical performance of some commonly seen metal-sulfides such as Nickel, Cobalt, Copper, and Molybdenum based sulfides are done. It is observed that electrodes based on the MoS2based composites are able to perform better, due to its graphene like behavior. MoS2performance with other materials is discussed. Various methods to synthesize MoS2are mentioned. Further, the effect of precursor on the synthesis of MoS2using hydrothermal technique is elaborated.
Various fixed-points results of picard sequence in complete G - metric space
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Saini Rajani
Published: June 2022

We are demonstrating some new fixed-point theorems associated with Picard sequence in G-metric spaces. We establish consequences of Khojasteh et al. [6] for single-valued mappings in G-metric spaces. We clarify our result by giving an example.
Structural and Optical Studies on Sol-Gel Driven Spin-Coated CdS Thin Films
Authors: Aggarwal Rekha , Kaushik Deepak Kumar
Published: June 2022

Inorganic wide band gap semiconductors are considered as best for optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, thin film transistors etc. CdS is a more promising semiconductor due to its direct wide band-gap ∼ 2.42 eV and size dependent optical properties. In the present article, structural and optical properties of spin coated CdS thin films are investigated. CdS thin films are annealed at 400 °C for 60 minutes to improve crystalline quality. X-RAY diffraction pattern reveals (002) diffraction plane of wurtzite CdS. The optical properties are analyzed by UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy. The optical band-gap of CdS thin films varies from 2.25 eV to 2.47 eV which depends on number of deposited layers and the annealing condition.