bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of K-Means Clustering to Human Development Indicators in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Simarmata Justin Eduardo , Chrisinta Debora , Purnomo Miko
Published: October 2024

K-Means has been adopted to group various cases related to the quality of humanresources and economic growth. This study aims to apply K-Means to thecharacteristics based on selected Human Development Index (HDI) indicators,namely the average length of schooling, the expectation of length of schooling andlife expectancy in Province of East Nusa Tenggara. The optimal cluster obtainedis 6 clusters. The cluster with the highest average value of all variables is in cluster1 which is Kupang City area. Meanwhile, condition cluster 6 provides the smallestlife expectancy value compared to other clusters. The smallest average variable ofschool length is in cluster 2. The regions that provide the smallest numberexpectation of length of schooling is in cluster 5.
Profilo epidemiologico della sifilide in gravidanza nello stato di Amapá, Amazzonia, Brasile, tra il 2018 e il 2022
Authors: Amanajás Emarine Carla Almeida , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Dendasck Carla Viana , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: October 2024

La sifilide è un’infezione sessualmente trasmissibile (IST) che durante la gravidanza può causare aborti, malformazioni del feto, cecità, sordità, disabilità mentale e/o morte alla nascita. È considerata uno strumento rilevante nella valutazione della qualità dell’assistenza prenatale. Questo articolo ha avuto l’obiettivo di tracciare il profilo epidemiologico della sifilide nelle donne in gravidanza nello stato di Amapá, Amazzonia, Brasile, tra il 2018 e il 2022, utilizzando dati provenienti dal DATASUS. Sono stati notificati 2.069 casi di sifilide nelle donne in gravidanza durante il periodo di studio. Si è osservato un aumento del numero di casi tra il 2018 e il 2019, passando da 282 a 364 casi. Nel 2020, probabilmente a causa del periodo pandemico, c’è stata una diminuzione nel numero di diagnosi a 309. Il 2021 è stato l’anno con il maggior numero di casi, con un totale di 594 registrazioni, seguito dal 2022 con 520. La maggior parte delle pazienti erano donne di pelle scura, con istruzione primaria completata e un’età compresa tra i 20 e i 39 anni. La classificazione clinica più frequente è stata quella della sifilide primaria, periodo con alta probabilità di trasmissione verticale. Nonostante la maggior parte dei casi siano stati registrati nel comune di Macapá, la capitale dello stato è stata l’unica capitale in Brasile in cui il tasso di rilevamento della sifilide nelle donne in gravidanza è stato inferiore alla media statale. Sono stati registrati anche casi provenienti da isole del Pará, come Afuá, Breves e Chaves, probabilmente a causa della vicinanza di questi comuni ai centri di riferimento sanitario situati nei comuni dell’Amapá. Pertanto, l’Amapá ha registrato un tasso di rilevamento della sifilide nelle donne in gravidanza di 36,24 nel 2021 e di 34,52 casi ogni 1.000 nati vivi nel 2022, risultando il quarto più alto del paese e il secondo della regione settentrionale. Alla luce dei risultati, si evidenzia la necessità di strategie per la prevenzione della popolazione suscettibile e per una diagnosi e un trattamento adeguati dei casi di sifilide nelle donne in gravidanza, al fine di evitare l’incidenza della sifilide congenita e altre complicazioni, soprattutto nelle aree rurali.
КРИСТАЛІЧНА СТРУКТУРА ND3CU0.45GA1.52S7 ТА ND3AG0.45GA1.52S7
Authors: БЛАШКО Назарій , МАРЧУК Олег , ФЕДОРЧУК Анатолій
Published: October 2024

Зразки стехіометричних складів Nd3Cu0.45Ga1.52S7 та Nd3Ag0.45Ga1.52S7, масою один грам кожен, отримані спіканням елементарних компонентів високого ступеня чистоти у вакуумованих кварцевих контейнерах (1.33·10-2 Па) за максимальної температури синтезу 1100 °С. Синтезовані сплави були гомогенізовані відпалом за температури 500 °С протягом 500 годин. Кристалічна структура сульфідів Nd3Cu0.45Ga1.52S7 (a = 9.9354(6) Å, c = 6.0566(6) Å, V = 517.8(1) Å3, RI = 0.0832, Rp = 0.2640) та Nd3Ag0.45Ga1.52S7 (a = 9.9233(5) Å, c = 6.0724(5) Å, V = 517.8(1) Å3, RI = 0.0867, Rp = 0.2547) вивчена рентґенівським методом порошку. Досліджені структури належать до структурного типу La3CuSiS7 (просторова група P63, символ Пірсона hP24). Складні халькогенідні фази Nd3Cu0.45Ga1.52S7 та Nd3Ag0.45Ga1.52S7 синтезовані на основі сульфіду Nd3Ga1.67S7 шляхом часткового заміщення атомів галію в правильній системі точок (ПСТ) 2b (1/3 2/3 z) атомами одновалентнтного купруму та аргентуму відповідно. У цих структурах атоми неодиму заселяють ПСТ 6с (x y z) та разом з атомами сульфуру формують тригональні призми з одним додатковим атомом [Nd S13S23S3]. Тригональні призми утворюють “блоки” 3 [Nd 7S]. У цих “блоках” тригональні призми між собою з’єднані ребрами. Атоми галію займаючи ПСТ 2a (0 0 z) мають октаедричне оточення (для структури Nd3Ag0.45Ga1.52S7). У структурі Nd3Cu0.45Ga1.52S7 атоми Ga мають трикутне оточення, оскільки вони знаходиться поблизу від однієї із граней октаедра. Октаедри [Ga (ПСТ 2а) 6S] мають спільні грані та в напрямку осі с утворюють просторові колони. Ці октаедри з тригональними призмами з’єднані ребрами. Атоми статистичних сумішей R1 (0.52 Ga + 0.45 Cu) та R2 (0.52 Ga + 0.45 Ag) знаходяться в центрі тетраедрів [R1(R2) S13S3] утворених з атомів сульфуру та займають ПСТ 2b (1/3 2/3 z).
Pengaruh Potongan Harga E-Ticketing dan Attractiveness terhadap Keputusan Pengunjung Wisata Dunia Fantasi pada Event Tertentu sebagai Pemoderasi
Authors: Yani Ari Soeti , Setyaningsih Putri
Published: October 2024

The research aims to test whether e-ticketing discounts and attractiveness are related to visitors' decisions on the Dunia Fantasi tour at certain events as moderators. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of increasing use of electronic services in Indonesia and becoming an attraction in the millennial era of customers. The data analysis process uses the SmartPLS application as data processing using a sample of 155 participants. The analysis stages include participant demographic data, statistics of variable descriptive, validity and reliability testing, and hypothesis testing. The results show that there is a positive and significant influence from e-ticketing discounts, attractiveness and certain event programs on visitors’ decisions to visit Dunia Fantasi tourism. Furthermore, the moderating role of certain event programs is significant in the influence of e-ticketing prices or attractiveness on the visitors’ decisions of Dunia Fantasi tourism.
Tren Sektor Unggulan dan Kualitas Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten Brebes Tahun 2018-2022
Authors: Febrayanto Catur Raharjo , Susiyanti Fitri
Published: October 2024

The research aimed to identify the leading sectors that had the highest contribution to GRDP knows the growth trend of leading sectors, and economic growth quality in Brebes Regency. Analyzed data were collected from BPS, these were GRDP, income per capita, total population, economic growth, and poverty level. Analyse instruments used in the research were location quotient, shift share, Klassen tipology, simple linear regression, Duncan multiple range test, and Williamson index. The leading sector that had the highest contribution to Brebes Regency was agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; the growth trend of leading sectors in 2018-2022 was linear; and, the disparities in the value of income per capita in Brebes compared with neighbor regency/city approached the medium classification. Lastly, the quality of economic growth in the Brebes Regency was poor, measured by the high poverty level.
The Equality of the Values of the Area and Perimeter of a Number of Two– Dimensional Figures, Volume and Area - Three-Dimensional
Authors:   Russia, Voron Andrey V.
Published: October 2024

Possible variants of the equality of the values of the area and perimeter of a number of two–dimensional figures (square, circle, rectangular, obtuse and equilateral triangles), volume and area - three-dimensional (Platonic bodies, cone, cylinder, pyramid and sphere) are considered.
Theoretical Analysis of Moving Galaxies in the Large Scale Structure of SpaceTime
Authors:   School of Architecture and Art Media, Guangdong Institute of Arts and Sciences, Lianjiang China, Fan Yi-Liu
Published: October 2024

In this paper we will make further theoretical analysis for the validity of the accelerating universe based on General Relativity and three new problems of the standard model of the universe are presented from different perspectives. The first part, analyzed the explosion mechanism of the cosmic initial singularity and put forward a different view from the rest. It’s virtually impossible to start with a giant explosion, the big bang by now cosmologists had refined the idea. The second part devised a new model of the twin paradox. It’s one in which people have been consider to include both special and general relativity in the calculations to expose the counterintuitive weirdness of relativity theory. It seems to has a curious coincidence with the cat-a feline in a locked box that is both dead and alive until the box is opened-was a thought experiment devised by physicist Schr ö dinger. In part three the author makes determination on the cosmological deceleration parameter q0 by using mathematical derivation, and based on which to construct a thought experiment on cosmological redshift. It is needed to make a static model of the universe that both conforms to the Copernican principle and satisfies Hubble’s law and it’s possible to make us a fresh perspective and thought process.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Anomalies Resolved
Authors:   General History, History of Science, Technology and Medicine, United States, Arnold James R.
Published: October 2024

A model of the universe is offered that can derive the Hubble Constant independent of empirical measurement, using just a midline estimate of the age of the universe and simple arithmetic calculations. It can explain the JWST discoveries of apparent anomalous early galaxy formations without need of substantial revisions to established astrophysical theories, as the new findings have seemed to require. Concepts of “Dark energy”, cosmic flatness, cosmic inflation, and an accelerating expansion of the universe are rendered unnecessary or at least partly misinterpreted.
A Very Fast Reasoning in Favor of the Poincare Group, or of Minkowskian Rather than Euclidean Line Elements
Authors:   Department of Physics, Mathematics and Informatics, Kazakh National Pedagogical Abai University, Almaty, and Technische Hochschule Wildau, University of Applied Sciences, Germany, Permanent address: Ahornallee 11, OT Senzig, 15712 Königs Wusterhausen, Germany, Enders Peter M , Kabdygaliyevna Tulegenova Anar ,   Chair of mathematics and physics, Pedagogical Institute Arkalyk, Kazakhstan, Kissabekova Assemgul ,   Institute of Science, Pedagogical University Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, Anafina Aisha ,   Institute of Science, Pedagogical University Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2024

1. We present a very fast derivation of Minkowski’s line element which is the geometric foundation not only of the special Lorentz transformation but of the whole Poincar’e group aka inhomogeneous Lorentz group [1]. The Euclidean line element is excluded using the wave equation and Einstein’s special principle of relativity (Einstein’s first postulate) [2]. For doing so, it is not necessary, 1. to assume the speed of light to be independent of the motion of the observer (Einstein’s second postulate [2], 2. to synchronize watches, 3. to interrelate the coordinate systems of the inertial frames involved; their relative velocity (and hence reciprocity [3]) even plays not any role in the derivation. 4. to make any assumption about the properties of the underlying coordinate transformation such as linearity, uniqueness etc
Economic study of Binadhan-22 production in some selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar M M A , Rahman M H , Haque M R , Islam S
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted in four districts of Bangladesh, namely Mymensingh, Bogura, Naogaon and Rangpur to estimate the profitability and factors affecting gross return of the variety. This study was based on primary data which were collected from 200 Binadhan-22 growing farmers. In the sampled areas data were collected through pre-designed interview schedule from January-February, 2023. Tabular, descriptive statistics and Cobb-Douglas production function model were used to fulfill the objectives. It was found that Binadhan-22 production is profitable. The average net return per hectare was Tk. 28876. The net return was highest in Rangpur (Tk. 32480/ha) followed by Naogaon (Tk. 28554/ha), Mymensingh (Tk. 27331/ha) and Bogura (Tk. 27139/ha), respectively. Benefit cost ratio was estimated at 1.39 and 2.04 on full cost and variable cost basis. Cobb-Douglas production function was chosen to determine the factor affecting gross return of Binadhan-22 production. All of the factors namely, human labour cost, power tiller cost, seed cost, fertilizer cost, irrigation cost, insecticides cost were statistically significant and positive. The regression coefficients for farming experience and agricultural training under all areas had negative but significant relationship at 5% and 10% level, respectively. The regression coefficient of age was positive and significant at 10% level. Under all areas, the regression coefficients of education and farm size were positive but not significant. Farmers faced some constraints in cultivating of the variety. The first ranked constraint was lack of availability of seeds (93%). Other constraints were lack of training (61%), lack of capital (38%) and lack of technical know-how (16%). In addition to helping farmers use a better combination of inputs that will create higher productivity and return, effective extension services may also assist farmers in cultivating rice in a way that will contribute to food security and self-sufficiency.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 38(1): 81-91, 2024
Effect of row spacing on yield performance of sesame mutants
Authors: Islam M S , Rahman M H , Sarmin T , Ali M I , Hossain M S , Chowdhury S M A
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted in 2019 to evaluate the effect of row spacing on yield contributing characters of three advanced sesame mutants viz. SM-001, SM-002, SM-003  with one check variety (Binatil-2) at two BINA substation farms, Ishwardi and Chapainawabganj. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three replications. Four row spacings viz., 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, and 35 cm were used as treatments. Among different advanced lines/variety, SM-002 produced the highest seed yield (1.07 t ha-1) followed by Binatil-2 (1.05 t ha-1). Among different row spacing, 25 cm showed the highest seed yield (1.11 t ha-1) followed by 30 cm (1.02 t ha-1) with same statistical rank. Between two locations, Chapainawabganj performed better than Ishwardi. The interaction effect between genotype and row spacing revealed that (SM-003) V3  and (Binatil-2) V4 performed best at 20 cm row spacing whereas SM-001 and SM-002 performed best at 25 cm row spacing. The interaction effect of row spacing and location, SM-002 produced the maximum seed yield (1.14 t ha-1) in 25 cm row spacing at Chapainawabganj. The interaction effect of mutants/variety, row spacing, and locations showed that mutant line SM-003 produced maximum seed yield (1.19 t ha-1) at 30 cm row spacing in Chapainawabganj.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 38(1): 101-109, 2024
Study of Genetic Diversity of Aromatic Rice Genotypes Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Authors: Siddique Md Abubakar , Sobahan Md Abdus , Jafrin Sadia , Haque Md Shahidul , Nasiruddin Khondoker Md , Islam Md Shahidul
Published: October 2024

The study of genetic variation in aromatic rice is necessary for enhancing and preserving its genetic makeup. In this study, we amplified four Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers from the genomes of 11 different aromatic rice genotypes in order to evaluate the genetic variation and relatedness in aromatic rice. The genotypes were collected from different sources- five of which were obtained from the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, one from the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, and the remaining five were local genotypes. In RAPD profiling, twenty-seven of the thirty-six bands that were generated by the four primers were polymorphic, resulting in an estimated average polymorphism of 47.22 percent. The average value of the polymorphic information content was 0.309 with a range from 0.165 to 0.456, indicating that the primers were effective to detect genetic diversity between the genotypes. The genetic diversity and Shannon information index across all of the genotypes and primers were 0.176 and 0.260, respectively, which indicated that there was a certain amount of genetic variation in the studied aromatic rice genotypes. Kalizira and Binadhan-9 genotypes had the smallest genetic distance (0.057), while it was the highest (0.406) between the BRRI dhan 34 and BRRI dhan 50. The genotype pairs BRRI dhan 38 vs BRRI dhan 34, BRRI dhan 38 and Kalizira, and Zirakatari and Kalizira had also a higher level (0.365) of genetic distances. The genotypes were grouped into two main clusters in the UPGMA dendrogram. Cluster I included five genotypes: BRRI dhan 34, Basmoti, Atashail, Kalizira, and Binadhan-9. Cluster II included remaining six genotypes: BR5, BRRI dhan 38, BRRI dhan 50, Uknimodhu, BRRI dhan 37, and Zirakatari. Documentation of the genetic variation and relatedness among the aromatic rice genotypes under this investigation could be useful for future research into the development of aromatic rice and related fields.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(3): 277-284, 2024
Application of Diverse Silicon Sources to Soil for Reducing Wheat Blast Disease
Authors: Setu Fahmida Farzana , Rahman Md Arifur , Sarker Md Zahirul Islam , Uddin Md Kafil , Ahmed Istiaq , Mohiuddin K M
Published: October 2024

Despite the economic potential of wheat for food security, blast disease is one of the major constraints to wheat production in warm and humid areas. Silicon (Si) increases crop yields and resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The effect of various Si sources, including Na2SiO3, MgSiO3, CaSiO3, and rice hull ash (RHA), on suppressing wheat blast (WB) incidence was studied at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture field from November 2019 to March 2020 using a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Total 42 plastic pots were filled with the recommended doses of fertilizers and Si. On 17 days after inoculation (DAI), the lowest WB incidence (83.16%) and severity matrix (80.20%) were found with the treatment of CaSiO3 @ 100 kg ha-1. At 15 DAI, the same treatment reduced the WB incidence and severity matrix by 21.10% and 41.73%, respectively. Most yield indicators were significantly improved by the Si fertilizers, except for grain spike-1 quantity, weight, and thousand grain weight (g). However, pots that were fertilized with Si distinguished out from both the control and absolute control groups. While CaSiO3 at 75 kg ha-1, RHA at 6.0 t ha-1, and MgSiO3 at 100 kg ha-1 produced respectable yields, the maximum was achieved by CaSiO3 at 100 kg ha-1. There was a significant positive relationship between the leaf concentrations of K and Si, with the highest concentration found in plants treated with CaSiO3. A large number of yield metrics showed moderate to strong positive associations with leaf K and Si concentrations, whereas the disease severity matrix revealed the maximum significant negative correlation with these elements. The best outcomes were obtained by applying Si as CaSiO3 @100 kg ha-1, which has potential as an environmentally acceptable source for controlling WB disease and increasing wheat yields.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(3): 295–309, 2024
Soil Amendment with Biochar Reduces the Magnitude of Drought Stress in Soybean
Authors: Chowdhury Md Saljar Rahman , Sadia Jannatul Ferdous , Uddin Md Kafil , Rahaman Mahamudur , Shaha Pallab Kumer , Saha Biplob Kumar
Published: October 2024

Drought stress severely affects plant growth and causes huge economic losses worldwide. The beneficial effect of biochar to improve soil properties and plant growth is well discussed nowadays. To investigate biochar’s potential for drought stress mitigation, a two-factorial pot experiment was conducted. Factor one was drought stress (100% Field capacity (FC), 70% FC, and 40% FC) and another was biochar treatment. Cow dung biochar (CDB) and poultry manure biochar (PMB) was applied at three rates (0, 4 and 8 g pot−1). The experiment was designed following a completely randomized design with four replicates. The results showed that drought deteriorated all the studied parameters whereas biochar application significantly improved all the parameters compared to control treatment. The chlorophyll concentration was maximum at the application of CDB as 8 g pot−1 followed by PMB as 8 g pot−1 at both drought conditions (70% FC and 40% FC). Biochar application significantly improved plant height at 28 and 42 days after sowing and the highest plant height was found at the application CDB as 8 g pot−1 followed by PMB as 8 g pot−1. The highest leaflet number was found at the application of CDB at a rate of 8 g pot−1. On average, the root length and biomass at 70% and 40% FC was the highest at the application of 8 g CDB pot−1 which was 28.66% and 61.59% higher, respectively over control. The application of CDB at a rate of 8 g pot−1 increased the shoot biomass by 45.35 and 69.52% compared to control at 70% FC and 40% FC, respectively. Therefore, application of biochar could be an option to reduce drought stress in plants.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(3): 317-325, 2024
Potentiality of Formulated Pseudomonas Fluorescens and Bacillus Subtilis for the Management of Sheath Blight Disease of Rice Under Field Condition
Authors: Toma Anika Islam , Ali Md Hosen , Aff Tawseef Al , Antu Sadia Islam , Khokon Md Atiqur Rahman
Published: October 2024

Rice production is severely affected by sheath blight disease in Bangladesh which is caused by a fungus Rhizoctonia solani that is still merely managed by synthetic chemical fungicides. In this study, different isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated to assess their inhibitory effects against R. solani both in- vitro and field condition following dual culture method in order to formulate technique for the management of sheath blight of rice. Among all the isolates, P. fluorescens (Pf- 7 and Pf- 8) and B. subtilis (Bs-17 and Bs-21) showed the highest in –vitro mycelial growth suppression of the pathogen. Based on the in-vitro mycelial growth suppression performance, fourteen treatments combinations, either single or in consortia of antagonistic bacteria in talc-based formulations were applied by root dipping. All the formulated bacterial isolates showed significant reduction in disease and severity compared to untreated control and chemical fungicide. At 90 DAT, both the disease incidence and severity were found lowest in T11 (31.67 % and 37.33 % respectively) where the seedlings were treated for 24 hours with consortium of Pf-7 + Pf- 8 formulated in talc followed by in T12 (32.00 % and 38.00 %) where the seedlings were treated for 24 hours with consortium of Bs-17 + Bs-21 formulated in talc respectively. Vegetative and yield parameters were also significantly increased in both T11 and T12. The highest yield as well as Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) were found in T11 (2.50 kg/ m2 and 2.20) followed by T12 (2.49 kg/m2 and 2.18). Thus, the consortia of bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis) with seedling dipping time for 24 hour represents a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for the management of sheath blight of rice in field condition.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(3): 342-351, 2024
The revered Perumale in Tiruppukal: a case study
Authors: Iyakanoo Ramalingam , Muniandy Rajantheran
Published: October 2024

Tiruppukal is a devotional poetry composed by poet-saint Arunagirinathar to promote glory of Lord Murugan, the ancient god of Tamils. A preliminary literature review of the text revealed the name Perumale (Perumal), synonymous with names Tirumal and Vishnu among Tamil Vaishanavites, is more often quoted in comparison to Murugan. Thus, this article tries to analyse Arunagirinathar’s intend in promoting name Perumale. This article approaches the subject using qualitative research incorporating library-based and descriptive methods to analyse and evaluate Arunagirinathar’s such intend. Findings revealed that Perumale is a conceptual term means “Great One” or “Lord of Lords” even though has connotation to deity Perumal. The name Perumale is used in social and linguistic contexts to depict Murugan as the Great God of the Tamils. Arunagirinathar also portrayed Murugan’s attributes and his three forms to alleviate Him from the Tamil folklore deity to a Great God of the South India. Arunagirinathar also used Perumale to syncretize Murugan and Skanda to bridge a cultural and religious unity between the North-South (India) while stamping Him with pan-Indian identity. Further, Lord Murugan’s bond of kinship with various divinities and deities of Hindu pantheon in context with name Perumale portrayed Him as Supreme Being in par excellence with Siva and Vishnu as well as illustrates sense of oneness, coexistence and harmonious interaction which binds the various Hindu divides. Thus, Arunagirinathar by means of the Perumale has portrayed Murugan as a pan-Hindu god who transcends religious and philosophical barriers in Hindu pantheon.
Bibliometric analysis of published literature on International Humanitarian Law from Islamic perspective
Authors: R.M. Elshobake Mohammed , Mohammed Alashqar Muath
Published: October 2024

Research on International humanitarian law from Islamic perspective in Scopus database was initiated in 1999. Since then, the research on that field has been increasingly used by researcher to examine further issues related to international humanitarian law from Islamic perspective. The objective of this study is to examine the published literature related to the topic of “International Humanitarian Law from Islamic Perspective”. The Scopus database was used to collect all relevant articles. Standard bibliometric analysis was used to offer full information on the increase of publications, research output, and citation analysis. According to research findings, a total of 91 documents were retrieved. It was discovered that the annual growth rate of published material on international humanitarian law from an Islamic perspective has grown since 2016. Most of the articles were published in journals, mainly in English, with the majority of the research on international humanitarian law from Islamic perspective being in the Social Sciences field. “International Humanitarian Law” and “Islamic Law” were the most popular keywords and represent the primary study areas comprised in the topic of international humanitarian law from Islamic perspective. Several research related to the study field was conducted in the United Kingdom and United States. This study shows the development of published literature on international humanitarian law from Islamic perspective, the subjects related to international humanitarian law from Islamic perspective in which researchers are currently interested in, as well as possible directions for future research on the study field.
Embracing mortality: psychological preparation on death in the guidance of stoic philosophy
Authors: Marimuthu Prahasan , Mahir
Published: October 2024

Humanity's greatest fear is the inevitability of death, the ultimate fate that all strive to evade. This collective dread of mortality stems from its perceived malevolence. Across the ages, from religious rituals promising salvation to scientific efforts to delay death, human attempts to confront mortality vary widely. Yet death remains inescapable, a natural consequence of life. While religious doctrines offer comfort through ideas of an afterlife, and science views death as a biological challenge to be postponed. Conversely, philosophy advocates for an intellectual acceptance of death's inevitability. The Stoic Philosophy, in particular, advocate for the joyful acceptance of death as an integral part of life. This philosophical stance fosters a positive perspective on death, encouraging individuals to live life to its fullest potential. Embracing death with joy entails psychological reassurance and preparatory measures for life's inevitable end. This qualitative study explores psychological preparation for death using primary and secondary data sources. Primary sources include the philosophical texts by Seneca and Marcus Aurelius, specifically "Letters to Lucilius," "On the Shortness of Life," and "Meditations." Secondary data is collected from peer-reviewed journals, books, and reports that contextualize these works within modern psychological frameworks. The primary audience includes individuals preparing for death due to age or illness and those grieving loved ones, offering a pathway to peace and understanding through Stoic wisdom. Moreover, this will be a guidance to those who work with the terminally ill people to get psychological resilience. By embracing death, Stoicism encourages both the dying and the bereaved to find psychological reassurance and encourage all to live a meaningful life in the given time frame.
Mum'maruntu nūlkaḷil maruttuvam cārnta paḻakka vaḻakkaṅkaḷ [Medical elements in mum'maruntu texts]
Authors: Vijaihian Premella , Ratha Krishnan Seeta Lechumi
Published: October 2024

In the changing human living environment, medicine has become an important aspect. Although human beings are progressing gradually, physical health continues to pose many challenges to human beings. In general, irregular eating habits and an undisciplined lifestyle are the reasons for deterioration of physical health. Although modern medicine provides solutions for diseases that arise from time to time, there is no doubt that following the right way of life as prescribed by ancient medicine helps one to lead a healthy life throughout their lifetime. In this regard, the medical treatment practices followed by people in their daily life during various periods can be known through the study of literature that emerged during those times. Tamil literature also contains many medical references necessary for the people. The Patinenkilkkanakku Texts are the compilations made during the Sangam period. The Patinenkilkkanakku Texts are generally texts that preach moral values. However, many verses contain references to ancient medicine. This article aims to study the medical-related practices found in the three texts called Mummaṟuntu Nūls (Triple Root Treatises) - Ēlāti, Tirikāṭukam and Ciṟupañcamūlam - among the Patinenkilkkanakku Texts. The ancient Tamils gave great importance to maintaining a healthy physical lifestyle in their daily life. They inculcated good conduct and discipline in people's minds and thereby enabled them to lead a disease-free life. By reading the Mummaṟuntu Nūls (Triple Root Treatises), we can understand that they made people lead a life free from diseases through inculcating good conduct and discipline. We can appreciate the greatness of these texts as they reveal medical thoughts that are relevant even for today's people.
Pembangunan permainan papan untuk pengajaran dan pembelajaran kewarganegaraan digital [The development of a board game for teaching and learning digital citizenship]
Authors: Anak Ali Azira , Tan Bee Piang
Published: October 2024

This study aims to examine the need for using board games in teaching and learning (PdP) sessions related to the theme of digital citizenship. This study employed a qualitative approach using the Design and Development Research (DDR) methodology. Data was collected through interviews involving five Moral Education trainee teachers who had taught topics related to Digital Citizenship. The data was analyzed by adapting the three phases in the DDR Design and Development Model, where the first phase is needs analysis, the second phase is development, and the third phase is evaluation. The study results showed that the study participants had a high awareness of providing early exposure to the elements of citizenship. A teaching aid, namely a board game that incorporates three elements of digital citizenship, is needed. In the usability testing phase, the board game produced is attractive, capable of achieving three moral dimensions, namely moral reasoning, moral emotion, and moral behavior; the board game can also strengthen the relationship between students and teachers. The study's implications provide exposure to teachers to create a game-based teaching for the topic of moral and citizenship education, which can increase students' interest.
Congenital solitary functioning kidney: evaluations to do which, when, and how
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyung
Published: October 2024

Congenital solitary functioning kidney (CSFK) is characterized by an anatomical or functional absence of one kidney from birth. When suspected on perinatal ultrasonography (US), repeat US after birth should be performed for confirmation. Although postnatal 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy (DMSA scan) is the gold standard for confirming CSFK, it carries the risk of radiation exposure; US alone is sufficient when performed by an experienced radiologist. One-third of patients with CSFK have additional congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract at the solitary functioning kidney, the most common of which is vesicoureteral reflux. As evidence regarding vesicoureteral reflux with normal kidney US is correlated with significant urinary tract infection is lacking, voiding cystourethrogram may be considered in patients with CSFK with abnormal US findings. Furthermore, approximately 30% of patients with CSFK have extrarenal malformations. Moreover, up to 10% of them have syndromic features. In particular, examining for female genitalia malformations, which can have potential for complications from untreated obstructive malformations, is important. In conclusion, DMSA scan and voiding cystourethrogram are not necessary for all patients with CSFK, and the risk of each patient should be assessed to determine which test is needed during follow-up. The presence of extrarenal manifestations should also always be considered.
Sylvia Townsend Warner and the Revolutionary Garden Georgic
Authors: Walters Harriet
Published: October 2024

This article appraises the role of the country garden in the interwar development of Sylvia Townsend Warner's writing and politics. Reading Warner's interrogation of genre and form as an example of the Georgic, it examines her published texts alongside personal papers and garden spaces to demonstrate how she worked to interrogate, and highlight, the social costs of misrepresentative literary landscapes. As she considered what it meant to inhabit a rural country cottage, and then a small country house, as a poet with keenly felt social responsibilities, her texts and gardens provided a way to work through her landscape anxieties. The cultivation of landscape on and off the page informed her development of a radical way of writing about landscape, and the gradual development of a radical politics.
Fuel-flexible micro-gas turbines for biomass utilization: an externally-fired case
Authors:   Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Bollas Konstantinos D. , Kalfas Anestis I. ,   Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on investigating the fuel flexibility of an externally-fired micro-gas turbine that exploits the syngas produced by a biomass gasifier. Biomass-renewable fuels can play a vital role in the transition to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. In contrast to fossil fuels, however, biomass fuels are characterized by varying syngas compositions, dependent on the utilized raw material. This study evaluates the syngas composition effect using a validated micro-gas turbine off-design thermodynamic model coupled with a gasification equilibrium model. An off-design control logic was also developed to avoid any operational hazards related to exceeding temperatures that may occur when utilizing various syngas fuels. The investigation focuses on the effect of variable feedstock moisture contents, various feedstocks, and syngashydrogen blends. The key fuel property affecting system performance is the syngas Lower Heating Value. The results show that the complete externally-fired micro-gas turbine performance analysis can be generalized as a function of the thermal input rate. The electrical power maximizes at 100% of the nominal thermal input rate, while the efficiency maximizes around 55%, independently of the syngas composition. The proposed system can maintain high relative efficiency while utilizing a wide range of biomass fuels under various operating conditions.
Transient Thermal Stress Analysis of Power Turbine Welded Rotor in a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine during Rapid Load Changes
Authors:   Tsinghua University, Lai Botao , Hu Bo ,   Tsinghua University, Li Xuesong ,   Tsinghua University, Gu Chunwei ,   Tsinghua University
Published: October 2024

The fluctuation and intermittency in renewable energy sources present an immediate need for peaking power sources, typically gas turbine. During the process of load change, the rotor of the gas turbine undergoes significant transient thermal stresses, posing a great challenge to the structural strength and reliability design of the rotor. To achieve rapid load changes, a heavy-duty gas turbine draws on the lightweight design concepts of aero-engines, adopting a welded rotor connection and three separated shafts. Since the key to whether a gas turbine can achieve rapid load changes lies in the strength design of the power turbine, this paper takes the power turbine welded rotor as the research object and predicts the transient thermal stresses during rapid start-up process based on the transient multi-physics coupling method. Compared to steady-state method, transient method can predict differences of up to 13.4% in maximum thermal stress and 2.2% in maximum equivalent stress difference. The trends of the transient thermal stress sequence distribution are similar across different time steps, with a maximum calculation deviation of 1.38%. The results of this paper can not only support the strength design of the welded rotor but also provide methodological support for similar engineering designs.
Subgrid-scale modeling considerations for near-wall turbulent flow and heat transfer at supercritical pressure: a priori study
Authors:   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Wan Teng , Chen Liufei ,   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Wang Xingjian ,   Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University
Published: October 2024

Challenges arise in large eddy simulation (LES) of near-wall turbulent flow and heat transfer at supercritical pressure (SCP) due to the drastic and nonlinear variation of thermophysical properties. There remains uncertainty regarding the validity of extending the LES framework developed for low-pressure, ideal-gas flows to simulations of SCP fluid flows. To address this issue, we revisit the LES framework and assumptions for near-wall turbulent boundary layers at supercritical pressure. Direct numerical simulations are conducted for turbulent channel flow of CO2 at 8MPa, with varying upper-tolower temperature differences (20K, 100K, and 150K). A priori assessment of subgrid scale (SGS) terms at different filter widths in LES is conducted using DNS results, accompanied by error analysis, order of magnitude analysis. The results show that SGS thermophysical properties, which are commonly overlooked in LES of ideal gases or fluids with minor property variation flows, become significant in magnitude compared to other terms in the governing equations. There are notable discrepancies in SGS thermophysical properties computed using different primary scalars. Furthermore, correlation analysis is conducted to derive potential parameters for SGS thermophysical modeling.
The effect of temperature difference on the acoustic performance of Helmholtz resonator
Authors: Gan Zhenpeng , Yang Dong
Published: October 2024

Passive control devices such as liners and Helmholtz resonators (HRs) are commonly employed in practical applications to mitigate thermoacoustic instabilities. To safeguard the HR from being corroded by the invasion of hot flow from the combustor, a cooling flow with significantly lower temperature than that in the combustor is injected from the rear of the HR cavity. However, this results in a dynamic mixing of cold bias and hot grazing flows in the combustor, which may generate an entropy wave downstream of the HR, thereby affecting its sound absorption performance. Unfortunately, these effects are often neglected when modelling such systems. In this context, an acoustic model is derived for a one-dimensional combustor duct with distinct temperature compared to that of the attached HR. The model offers physical insights into the underlying mechanisms of the impact of HR on the acoustic fields. It considers not only the mean temperature difference between the cooling bias flow and the main flow in the combustor, but also the mean temperature difference between the up- and downstream sides of the combustor across the HR. The effect of both temperature differences on the HR’s performance will be discussed.
A novel approach to aeroengine performance diagnosis based on physical model coupling data-driven using low-rank multimodal fusion method
Authors: Wang Zepeng , Wang Ye , Wang Xizhen , Zhao Bokun , Zhao Yongjun
Published: October 2024

Aeroengine health assessment plays a pivotal role in ensuring flight safety and reliability. Traditionally, this process involves diagnosing the performance of the aeroengine gas path. However, owing to the intricacies of operating conditions, non-linear performance, and the interplay of gas path performance fault characteristics, determining the aeroengine health condition directly from engine monitoring information poses a significant challenge, particularly in cases of insufficient sensor data. To address these challenges, a novel digital twin method for aeroengine performance diagnosis has been proposed. This method integrates data-driven and performance models, employing a low-rank multimodal fusion approach. By digitizing the physical system or process through mathematical models and simulation technology, this approach presents distinct advantages compared to previous methods relying solely on models or data. At the aeroengine component level, an adaptive model was implemented, and the data-driven model was constructed using flight data. Gas path fault classification employed support vector machines. The engine digital twin was established through low-order multimodal fusion. Results indicate that the proposed method attains excellent diagnostic accuracy under both steady and transient conditions. It can be harnessed to enhance engine performance monitoring and evaluation, thereby improving the reliability, availability, and efficiency of the engine.
The Offense-Defense Balance and The Costs of Anarchy: When Welfare Improves Under Offensive Advantage
Authors: Bressler R. Daniel , Trager Robert F. , Dafoe Allan
Published: October 2024

A large literature has argued that offensive advantage makes states worse off because it can induce a security dilemma, preemption, costly conflict, and arms races. We argue instead that state welfare is u-shaped under offensive advantage. We assess the offense-defense balance by considering a model where two states choose arms levels and decide whether to attack. High defensive advantage is first-best because the arms burdens required to deter attacks and maintain peace are low. High offensive advantage is comparatively worse because war is likely, but war tends to be smaller in scale, quicker, and less costly. Intermediate offensive advantage is worst because high arms burdens are required to deter attacks while wars, when they occur, are larger, longer, and more destructive. We discuss historical examples of this phenomenon, including the Warring States periods in China and Japan, the Imjin War, the Federalist Papers, Napoleonic Europe, and the World Wars.
Openness is the key to soft power
Authors: Wu Irene
Published: October 2024

When the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 and the Cold War began to end, people walked westward, not eastward, pulled by the magnetism of the West’s soft power. If we are on the precipice of another Cold War, the importance of soft power will arise again. My new book Measuring Soft Power in International Relations re-conceptualizes soft power from the perspective of the influenced, rather than the influencer. The result is the Soft Power Rubric, a method for measuring soft power of countries that makes possible country comparisons, historical analysis, and regional assessments. This policy brief ranks soft power countries from 1990 to 2020, identifies Japan’s unique role in American conceptions of soft power; compares the soft power strengths of Russia, China, and India; and identifies countries like Canada, Spain, South Africa, and Australia, where their soft power exceeds their economic and military influence in the world.
Nepali Hindutva: Barriers to the Transnational Diffusion of a Religious Ideology
Authors: Bownas Richard
Published: October 2024

This article examines the potential diffusion of Indian-style Hindu nationalism (Hindutva or ‘Hindu-ness’) to Nepal. Recent political rhetoric, political manifestos, publications and protest events suggest that ideological movements based on Hindutva ideology may be growing in strength in Nepal. This article contextualizes the possibility of diffusion of Hindutva ideology through the lens of a simple ‘supply and demand’ model, arguing that, to date, the supply chain of Hindutva in Nepal has failed to meet putative 'demand' for it.
Petrography, Geochemistry and classification of BIR OUNANE 005, Lunar Soil (Regolith Breccia).
Authors: Garcia Jose
Published: October 2024

In September 2022, I came across a rock sample found on Mali, Bir Ounane region. The fragment was a brown rock, with lack of fusion crust. Everything seemed to indicate that it was an unusual type of lunar rock, so the process of analysis and the official classification began. The petrographic and geochemical data obtained both in our laboratory and in the Cascadia Meteorites Laboratory, University of Portland (USA) concluded with the official classification of the meteorite BIR OUNANE 005, a lunar breccia originating from the lunar soil that contains up to 13 different types of lithic and minerals clasts, and also were observed orange and white spherules.