bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrared Observations of Ganymede From the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper on Juno
Authors: Mura A. , Adriani A. , Sordini R. , Sindoni G. , Plainaki C. , Tosi F. , Filacchione G. , Bolton S. , Zambon F. , Hansen C. J. , Ciarniello M. , Brooks S. , Piccioni G. , Grassi D. , Altieri F. , Migliorini A. , Moriconi M. L. , Noschese R. , Cicchetti A.
Published: November 2020

The Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) on board the NASA Juno spacecraft is a dual‐band imager and spectrometer in the 2–5 μm range with 9‐nm spectral sampling, primarily designed to study the Jovian atmosphere and aurorae. In addition to these goals, JIRAM is used to obtain images and spectra of the Galilean satellites, every time the spacecraft attitude is favorable. Here we present JIRAM images and spectra of Ganymede obtained during the first 4 years of the mission. In particular, on 26 December 2019, during a relatively close passage of Juno with the moon, a dedicated reorientation of the spacecraft was performed to achieve optimized observations of Ganymede by Juno's remote sensing instruments, including JIRAM. In the outbound phase of the flyby, observing the northern polar regions of Ganymede at a distance of roughly 100,000 km, JIRAM collected infrared images and spectra of the surface at a spatial resolution as high as 23 km per pixel, covering high northern latitudes that were scarcely mapped previously. A photometric model of Ganymede reflectance is produced, which diverges from the Lambert model. The spatial distribution of the obtained spectra complements the available coverage of the surface, with particular regard to the 2.0‐µm water ice absorption band and, to a lesser extent, to the 4.26‐µm spectral feature diagnostic of CO2 trapped in water ice. The water ice distribution is compatible with sputtered‐induced water ice grain enrichment at high latitude (>45°). Several minor species (hydrated salts, trapped H2, CO2, and acids) are also identified in the measured spectra.
Genomic control of metastasis
Authors: Patel Saroor A. , Rodrigues Paulo , Wesolowski Ludovic , Vanharanta Sakari
Published: November 2020

Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, and a detailed understanding of the metastatic process could suggest new therapeutic avenues. However, how metastatic phenotypes arise at the genomic level has remained a major open question in cancer biology. Comparative genetic studies of primary and metastatic cancers have revealed a complex picture of metastatic evolution with diverse temporal patterns and trajectories to dissemination. Whole-genome amplification is associated with metastatic cancer clones, but no metastasis-exclusive driver mutations have emerged. Instead, genetically activated oncogenic pathways that drive tumour initiation and early progression acquire metastatic traits by co-opting physiological programmes from stem cell, developmental and regenerative pathways. The functional consequences of oncogenic driver mutations therefore change via epigenetic mechanisms to promote metastasis. Increasing evidence is starting to uncover the molecular mechanisms that determine how specific oncogenic drivers interact with various physiological programmes, and what triggers their activation in support of metastasis. Detailed insight into the mechanisms that control metastasis is likely to reveal novel opportunities for intervention at different stages of metastatic progression.
Tumour treating fields therapy for glioblastoma: current advances and future directions
Authors: Rominiyi Ola , Vanderlinden Aurelie , Clenton Susan Jane , Bridgewater Caroline , Al-Tamimi Yahia , Collis Spencer James
Published: November 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumour in adults and continues to portend poor survival, despite multimodal treatment using surgery and chemoradiotherapy. The addition of tumour-treating fields (TTFields)—an approach in which alternating electrical fields exert biophysical force on charged and polarisable molecules known as dipoles—to standard therapy, has been shown to extend survival for patients with newly diagnosed GBM, recurrent GBM and mesothelioma, leading to the clinical approval of this approach by the FDA. TTFields represent a non-invasive anticancer modality consisting of low-intensity (1–3 V/cm), intermediate-frequency (100–300 kHz), alternating electric fields delivered via cutaneous transducer arrays configured to provide optimal tumour-site coverage. Although TTFields were initially demonstrated to inhibit cancer cell proliferation by interfering with mitotic apparatus, it is becoming increasingly clear that TTFields show a broad mechanism of action by disrupting a multitude of biological processes, including DNA repair, cell permeability and immunological responses, to elicit therapeutic effects. This review describes advances in our current understanding of the mechanisms by which TTFields mediate anticancer effects. Additionally, we summarise the landscape of TTFields clinical trials across various cancers and consider how emerging preclinical data might inform future clinical applications for TTFields.
LncRNA LHFPL3-AS1 contributes to tumorigenesis of melanoma stem cells via the miR-181a-5p/BCL2 pathway
Authors: Zhang Song , Wan Haitao , Zhang Xiaobo
Published: November 2020

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recognized as a new area for cancer therapy. B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-mediated suppression of apoptosis is an important molecular hallmark of cancer. However, the influence of lncRNA on the regulation of oncogenic Bcl-2 in cancer stem cells has not been explored. In this study, our findings revealed that the lncRNA LHFPL3-AS1-long, generated from the polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1)-mediated splicing of the LHFPL3-AS1 precursor, upregulated BCL2 protein to contribute to tumorigenesis of melanoma stem cells. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that LHFPL3-AS1-long directly interacted with miR-181a-5p to inhibit the mRNA degradation of Bcl-2 (the target of miR-181), thus suppressing apoptosis of melanoma stem cells. The splicing factor PTBP1 regulated the alternative splicing of LHFPL3-AS1 transcript by preferentially binding to the motifs located in exon3 of LHFPL3-AS1 precursor, leading to the biogenesis of LHFPL3-AS1-long in melanoma stem cells. In patients with melanoma, the expressions of PTBP1 and LHFPL3-AS1 were significantly upregulated compared with the healthy donors. Therefore, our study revealed a mechanistic crosstalk among an onco-splicing factor, lncRNA and tumorigenesis of melanoma stem cells, enabling PTBP1 and LHFPL3-AS1 to serve as the attractive therapeutic targets for melanoma.
Author Correction: Cyclocarya paliurus tea leaves enhances pancreatic β cell preservation through inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Xiao Hai-tao , Wen Bo , Ning Zi-wan , Zhai Li-xiang , Liao Cheng-hui , Lin Cheng-yuan , Mu Huai-xue , Bian Zhao-xiang
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Thermal bosons in 3d optical lattices via tensor networks
Authors: Jahromi Saeed S. , Orús Román
Published: November 2020

Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are one of the most promising experimental setups to simulate strongly correlated systems. However, efficient numerical algorithms able to benchmark experiments at low-temperatures in interesting 3d lattices are lacking. To this aim, here we introduce an efficient tensor network algorithm to accurately simulate thermal states of local Hamiltonians in any infinite lattice, and in any dimension. We apply the method to simulate thermal bosons in optical lattices. In particular, we study the physics of the (soft-core and hard-core) Bose–Hubbard model on the infinite pyrochlore and cubic lattices with unprecedented accuracy. Our technique is therefore an ideal tool to benchmark realistic and interesting optical-lattice experiments.
A prospective cohort study on effects of gemigliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (OPTIMUS study)
Authors: Kim Eun Heui , Kim Sang Soo , Kim Dong Jun , Choi Young Sik , Lee Chang Won , Ku Bon Jeong , Cha Kwang Soo , Song Kee Ho , Kim Dae Kyeong , Kim In Joo
Published: November 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the long-term cardiovascular safety of gemigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). After screening, eligible patients with T2DM were enrolled, received gemigliptin, and were followed up for a median of 2.50 years. The primary outcome was a composite of confirmed cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal ischemic stroke (3-point major adverse cardiovascular event [MACE]). The key secondary outcomes were incidence of all-cause mortality and any other cardiovascular events. A total of 5179 patients were included in the study and 5113 were treated with gemigliptin. Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 26 patients within 12 months (estimated incidence by Cox proportional hazard model 0.49%, 95% CI 0.29–0.69%) and in 54 patients within 54 months (estimated incidence from Cox proportional hazard model 1.35%, 95% CI 0.92–1.77%). During the study period, the incidence rates of each component of the primary composite outcome were 0.04% (0.2 events per 1000 person-years) for cardiovascular death, 0.51% (2.2 events per 1000 person-years) for nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 0.61% (2.5 events per 1000 person-years) for nonfatal ischemic stroke. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 0.82% (3.2 events per 1000 person-years) and the incidences of other cardiovascular events were all less than 0.3%. In conclusion, T2DM patients who received gemigliptin exhibited a low incidence of the primary composite MACE and all-cause mortality. Therefore, the use of gemigliptin is expected to be safe without an increase in cardiovascular risk.

Trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02290301).
Animal model of assessing cerebrovascular functional reserve by imaging photoplethysmography
Authors: Mamontov Oleg V. , Sokolov Alexey Y. , Volynsky Maxim A. , Osipchuk Anastasija V. , Zaytsev Valery V. , Romashko Roman V. , Kamshilin Alexei A.
Published: November 2020

Assessment of the cerebral blood-flow-reserve in patients with cerebrovascular diseases is extremely important in terms of making prognosis, determining treatment tactics, and controlling the revascularization outcome in the case of reconstructive interventions on the brain vessels. However, there is no easy-to-use, contactless method for either assessing the functional reserve of the cortical vascular network or intraoperative monitoring of surgical intervention. Our study aims to demonstrate feasibility of green-light imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) to estimate cerebrovascular functional reserve in animal model of craniosurgical intervention. Custom-made iPPG system was exploited to visualize intracranial vessels in anesthetized Wistar rats (n = 15). Video frames of rat’s cortex were recorded concurrently with systemic blood pressure, end-tidal CO2, and electrocardiogram. We found that injection of dorzolamide (carbonic-anhydrase inhibitor) significantly increased the blood-pulsations amplitude in all animals by 35 ± 19% (p < 0.001). Such an increase negatively correlated with significant decrease in end-tidal CO2 by 32 ± 7% (p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that the dorzolamide injection did not lead to significant changes in systemic blood pressure. Concluding, pulsations amplitude is a marker of the vascular tone that can be used to evaluate the functional cerebrovascular reserve. Imaging PPG is a simple and convenient method to assess cerebral blood flow, including during various neurosurgical interventions.
Author Correction: Characterization of DvSSJ1 transcripts targeting the smooth septate junction (SSJ) of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)
Authors: Hu Xu , Boeckman Chad J. , Cong Bin , Steimel Joe P. , Richtman Nina M. , Sturtz Kristine , Wang Yiwei , Walker Carl A. , Yin Jiaming , Unger Anita , Farris Caitlin , Lu Albert L.
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Changes in the blood metabolome of Wagyu crossbred steers with time in the feedlot and relationships with marbling
Authors: Connolly Samantha , Dona Anthony , Hamblin Darren , D’Occhio Michael J. , González Luciano A.
Published: November 2020

Wagyu crossbred steers (n = 167) were used to (1) compare the metabolome of individual animals at two distant time-points (days 196 and 432) in a feedlot (this corresponded to 272 and 36 days before slaughter); and (2) determine relationships between the metabolome and marbling, and the effect of days in the feedlot (time-points) on these relationships. 1H NMR spectroscopy followed by standard recoupling of variables analysis produced 290 features or ‘peaks’ from which 38 metabolites were identified. There was a positive correlation between the relative concentration (RC) at days 196 and 432 for 35 of 38 metabolites (P > 0.05). The RC of 21 metabolites mostly involved in muscle energy and glucose metabolism increased (P < 0.05) from day 196 to 432, and the RC of 13 metabolites mostly involved in lipid metabolism decreased (P < 0.05). There were 14 metabolites correlated with marbling including metabolites involved in energy and fat metabolism (glucose, propionate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lipids). The relationship between marbling and the RC of metabolites was affected by time-point, being positive for 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (P < 0.05) at day 432 but not at day 196. The findings indicate that the blood metabolome in Wagyu crossbred steers changes with time in a feedlot. Notwithstanding, the metabolome has potential to predict marbling in Wagyu. The ability to predict marbling from the blood metabolome appears to be influenced by days in a feedlot and presumably the stage of development towards a mature body conformation.
Distinct effects of different matrix proteoglycans on collagen fibrillogenesis and cell-mediated collagen reorganization
Authors: Chen Dongning , Smith Lucas R. , Khandekar Gauri , Patel Pavan , Yu Christopher K. , Zhang Kehan , Chen Christopher S. , Han Lin , Wells Rebecca G.
Published: November 2020

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex mixture composed of fibrillar collagens as well as additional protein and carbohydrate components. Proteoglycans (PGs) contribute to the heterogeneity of the ECM and play an important role in its structure and function. While the small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), including decorin and lumican, have been studied extensively as mediators of collagen fibrillogenesis and organization, the function of large matrix PGs in collagen matrices is less well known. In this study, we showed that different matrix PGs have distinct roles in regulating collagen behaviors. We found that versican, a large chondroitin sulfate PG, promotes collagen fibrillogenesis in a turbidity assay and upregulates cell-mediated collagen compaction and reorganization, whereas aggrecan, a structurally-similar large PG, has different and often opposing effects on collagen. Compared to versican, decorin and lumican also have distinct functions in regulating collagen behaviors. The different ways in which matrix PGs interact with collagen have important implications for understanding the role of the ECM in diseases such as fibrosis and cancer, and suggest that matrix PGs are potential therapeutic targets.
SMN protein promotes membrane compartmentalization of ribosomal protein S6 transcript in human fibroblasts
Authors: Gabanella Francesca , Onori Annalisa , Ralli Massimo , Greco Antonio , Passananti Claudio , Di Certo Maria Grazia
Published: November 2020

Alterations of RNA homeostasis can lead to severe pathological conditions. The Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) protein, which is reduced in Spinal Muscular Atrophy, impacts critical aspects of the RNA life cycle, such as splicing, trafficking, and translation. Increasing evidence points to a potential role of SMN in ribosome biogenesis. Our previous study revealed that SMN promotes membrane-bound ribosomal proteins (RPs), sustaining activity-dependent local translation. Here, we suggest that plasma membrane domains could be a docking site not only for RPs but also for their encoding transcripts. We have shown that SMN knockdown perturbs subcellular localization as well as translation efficiency of RPS6 mRNA. We have also shown that plasma membrane-enriched fractions from human fibroblasts retain RPS6 transcripts in an SMN-dependent manner. Furthermore, we revealed that SMN traffics with RPS6 mRNA promoting its association with caveolin-1, a key component of membrane dynamics. Overall, these findings further support the SMN-mediated crosstalk between plasma membrane dynamics and translation machinery. Importantly, our study points to a potential role of SMN in the ribosome assembly pathway by selective RPs synthesis/localization in both space and time.
Dietary casein, egg albumin, and branched-chain amino acids attenuate phosphate-induced renal tubulointerstitial injury in rats
Authors: Shimada Karin , Matsui Isao , Inoue Kazunori , Matsumoto Ayumi , Yasuda Seiichi , Katsuma Yusuke , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Tanaka Minoru , Sugimoto Ken , Kaimori Jun-ya , Takabatake Yoshitsugu , Isaka Yoshitaka
Published: November 2020

Dietary phosphate intake is closely correlated with protein intake. However, the effects of the latter on phosphate-induced organ injuries remain uncertain. Herein, we investigated the effects of low (10.8%), moderate (23.0%), and high (35.2%) dietary casein and egg albumin administration on phosphate-induced organ injuries in rats. The moderate and high casein levels suppressed renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and maintained mitochondrial integrity in the kidney. The serum creatinine levels were suppressed only in the high casein group. Phosphate-induced muscle weakness was also ameliorated by high dietary casein. The urinary and fecal phosphate levels in the early experiment stage showed that dietary casein did not affect phosphate absorption from the intestine. High dietary egg albumin showed similar kidney protective effects, while the egg albumin effects on muscle weakness were only marginally significant. As the plasma branched-chain amino acid levels were elevated in casein- and egg albumin-fed rats, we analyzed their effects. Dietary supplementation of 10% branched-chain amino acids suppressed phosphate-induced kidney injury and muscle weakness. Although dietary protein restriction is recommended in cases of chronic kidney disease, our findings indicate that the dietary casein, egg albumin, and branched-chain amino acid effects might be reconsidered in the era of a phosphate-enriched diet.
Temporally resolved thermal desorption of volatile organics from nanoporous silica preconcentrator
Authors: Winter William , Day Coco , Prestage Joshua , Hutter Tanya
Published: November 2020

Gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are collected in a nanoporous silica preconcentrator, then released slowly by heating onto a detector. Desorption temperature depends on VOC properties, allowing potential discrimination.
Simultaneous shaping and confinement of metal–organic polyhedra in alginate-SiO2 spheres
Authors: Zhang Zhuxiu , Lei Yifan , Zhou Jie , Cui Mifen , Chen Xian , Fei Zhaoyang , Liu Qing , Tang Jihai , Qiao Xu
Published: November 2020

The simultaneous shaping and confinement of MOP in alginate-SiO2 spheres enhance the mechanical strength and leaching resistance. The resulting MOP-alginate-SiO2 is shown through CO2 fixation to exhibit improved product yield over parent MOP.
ExoTracker: a low-pH-activatable fluorescent probe for labeling exosomes and monitoring endocytosis and trafficking
Authors: Zhou Xiaoman , Zhang Jianjian , Song Zhihui , Lu Shuxian , Yu Yuan , Tian Jing , Li Xiang , Guan Feng
Published: November 2020

A novel compound named ExoTracker was used as a tool to trace exosomes, proving better labeling effects on living cells.
Isoacenofuran: a novel quinoidal building block for efficient access to high-ordered polyacene derivatives
Authors: Kitamura Kei , Kudo Ryoji , Sugiyama Haruki , Uekusa Hidehiro , Hamura Toshiyuki
Published: November 2020

Herein, a simple and practical method for generating isoacenofuran, a new π-extended quinoidal building block, was developed.
Copper-catalyzed arylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the PO group
Authors: Niu Yuan , Qi Zhichao , Lou Qinxin , Bai Pengbo , Yang Shangdong
Published: November 2020

Copper-catalyzed regioselective arylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with potential fluorescence properties by the PO group has been performed.
Reversible stimuli-responsive chromism of a cyclometallated platinum(ii) complex
Authors: Zheng Qingshu , Borsley Stefan , Tu Tao , Cockroft Scott L.
Published: November 2020

We report the reversible chromism and luminescence of a cyclometalated platinum(ii) complex that forms dimers, with close Pt⋯Pt interactions that can be modulated by solvent and temperature.
Thermoelectric power factor of doped Bi2O2Se: a computational study
Authors: Hu Kerong , Han Jian , Xu Ben , Lin Yuan-Hua
Published: November 2020

A theoretical study of how electronic structure affects the thermoelectric power factor of doped Bi2O2Se.
Ab initio metadynamics calculations of dimethylamine for probing pKb variations in bulk vs. surface environments
Authors: Biswas Sohag , Kwon Hyuna , Barsanti Kelley C. , Myllys Nanna , Smith James N. , Wong Bryan M.
Published: November 2020

Free energy landscape obtained from ab initio metadynamics calculations for dimethylamine protonation at the air–water interface.
Walnut protein hydrolysates, rich with peptide fragments of WSREEQEREE and ADIYTEEAGR ameliorate UV-induced photoaging through inhibition of the NF-κB/MMP-1 signaling pathway in female rats
Authors: Xu Defeng , Wang Weiqiong , Liao Jianmeng , Liao Lan , Li Caihong , Zhao Mouming
Published: November 2020

Skin photoaging is a complicated pathological process, and the imbalance of inflammatory regulation is associated highly with photoaging progression.
Redox-neutral decarboxylative photocyclization of anthranilic acids
Authors: Huang Huawen , Deng Kun , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: November 2020

A mild redox-neutral catalyst- and oxidant-free photoredox system was found to enable decarboxylative cyclization of anthranilic acids.
Selection of a recyclablein situliquid–liquid extraction solvent for foam-free synthesis of rhamnolipids in a two-phase fermentation
Authors: Demling Philipp , von Campenhausen Maximilian , Grütering Carolin , Tiso Till , Jupke Andreas , Blank Lars M.
Published: November 2020

A multi-step reductive approach for the selection ofin situextraction solvents for bioprocesses was developed enabling a foam-free biotechnological production of rhamnolipids in stirred-tank reactors.
Correction: Biomimetic anti-freezing polymeric hydrogels: keeping soft-wet materials active in cold environments
Authors: Jian Yukun , Handschuh-Wang Stephan , Zhang Jiawei , Lu Wei , Zhou Xuechang , Chen Tao
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Biomimetic anti-freezing polymeric hydrogels: keeping soft-wet materials active in cold environments’ by Yukun Jian et al., Mater. Horiz., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01029d.
Mn-Doped material synthesized from red mud and rice husk ash as a highly active catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and p-xylene
Authors: Van Nguyen Thi Thuy , Nguyen Tri , Nguyen Phung Anh , Pham Thi Thuy Phuong , Mai Thanh Phong , Truong Quang Duc , Ha Huynh Ky Phuong
Published: November 2020

Red muad and rice husk ash were treated without neutralization by acid to produce a support material (RR).
Structure-dependent luminescent copper nanoclusters: self-assembly and morphological evolution
Authors: Han Bingyan , Xin Ze , Yan Qifang , Yan Qin , Jiang Jingmei
Published: November 2020

Highly ordered metal nanoclusters (NCs) have attracted much attention due to their controllability and regularity.
Correction: Recent development of two-dimensional metal–organic framework derived electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Hengbo , Wang Jie , Jin Wei , Wu Zexing
Published: November 2020

Correction for ‘Recent development of two-dimensional metal–organic framework derived electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis’ by Hengbo Wu et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 18497–18522 DOI: 10.1039/D0NR04458J.
Coil–stretch-like transition of elastic sheets in extensional flows
Authors: Yu Yijiang , Graham Michael D.
Published: November 2020

A thin soft sheet suspended in a fluid undergoing planar or biaxial flow displays a hysteretic transition between compact and stretched states as the flow strength changes. This transition is analogous to the “coil–stretch transition” observed for long linear polymers in these flows.
ACE2 and ACE: structure-based insights into mechanism, regulation and receptor recognition by SARS-CoV
Authors: Lubbe Lizelle , Cozier Gyles E. , Oosthuizen Delia , Acharya K. Ravi , Sturrock Edward D.
Published: November 2020

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is well-known for its role in blood pressure regulation via the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) but also functions in fertility, immunity, haematopoiesis and diseases such as obesity, fibrosis and Alzheimer’s dementia. Like ACE, the human homologue ACE2 is also involved in blood pressure regulation and cleaves a range of substrates involved in different physiological processes. Importantly, it is the functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 responsible for the 2020, coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 is crucial for the design of therapies to combat this disease. This review provides a comparative analysis of methodologies and findings to describe how structural biology techniques like X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy have enabled remarkable discoveries into the structure–function relationship of ACE and ACE2. This, in turn, has enabled the development of ACE inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and candidate therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. However, despite these advances the function of ACE homologues in non-human organisms is not yet fully understood. ACE homologues have been discovered in the tissues, body fluids and venom of species from diverse lineages and are known to have important functions in fertility, envenoming and insect–host defence mechanisms. We, therefore, further highlight the need for structural insight into insect and venom ACE homologues for the potential development of novel anti-venoms and insecticides.
Bias‐compensated FX‐LMS algorithm
Authors: da Silva L.P.R. , de Souza J.V.G. , Colares J. , de Lima A.A. , Haddad D.B.
Published: November 2020

Active noise control is an expanding field that requires a suitable synthesis of secondary perturbations. Unfortunately, most schemes for noise cancelling do not take into account that the input signal that drives the adaptive filter can be noisy. In this Letter, it is theoretically shown that noise perturbations in the excitation data degrade the performance of the standard filtered‐x least mean squares (FX‐LMS) algorithm. Furthermore, a method that compensates such an issue is devised, and a first‐order stochastic analysis of the resulting algorithm is performed. The results reveal that the proposed scheme outperforms the standard FX‐LMS algorithm, even when the variance of the additive noise in the input is not accurately estimated.
Bronchialkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: November 2020

Die Immuntherapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren hat auch beim Lungenkarzinom dazu beigetragen, die Prognose vieler Patienten zu verbessern. Beim ASCO wurden vielversprechende Ergebnisse zur Erstlinientherapie bei Patienten sowohl mit nicht-kleinzelligem (NSCLC) als auch mit kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (SCLC) vorgestellt.
Abraham Vater und die Vatersche Papille – Von der Veröffentlichung bis zum medizinischen Begriff
Authors: Benter Thomas , Meckelnborg Christina , Saklak Muharrem
Published: November 2020

Der Name Abraham Vater ist international mit der Mündung des Ductus choledochus und des Ductus pancreaticus assoziiert. Vor 300 Jahren wurden Vaters Schriften zusammen mit den wichtigsten anatomischen Publikationen dieser Zeit veröffentlicht. In seinen Experimenten untersuchte er insbesondere die Vereinigung beider Gänge und deren physiologische Bedeutung. Die Papilla duodeni major ist in dieser Publikation weder Bestandteil der Experimente, noch beschreibt Vater sie detailliert. Abraham Vater trägt in seiner Schrift vielmehr das damalige Wissen über diese anatomische Region zusammen und diskutiert dieses.
Photoinduced [3+2] Annulation of Alkene with o-Iodoanilines: An Expedient Approach to Indolines
Authors: Xia Wujiong , Zhao Xinxin , Guo Lin , Yang Chao
Published: November 2020

A highly regioselective [3+2] cyclization of alkenes with 2-iodoanilines under the irradiation of UV light is described. This general, metal-free strategy facilitates the direct preparation of 2-mono-/disubstituted indolines as well as spiroindolines through alkene carboamination in one step. Mechanistic studies suggested that the photochemical protocol proceeded via a radical pathway.
Ruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Surgical Timing and Outcomes—A Retrospective Study of 25 Cases
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Alessandro , Scafa Anthony Kevin , Giugliano Marco , Dugoni Demo Eugenio , Ruggeri Andrea Gennaro , Delfini Roberto
Published: November 2020

Background One important problem in treatment of ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) is surgical timing. The aim of the study was to understand which parameters affect surgical timing and outcomes the most.

Materials and Methods Between January 2010 and December 2018, 25 patients underwent surgery for a ruptured bAVM at our institute. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score was used to evaluate hemorrhage severity, while Spetzler-Martin scale for AVM architecture. We divided patients in two groups: “early surgery” and “delayed surgery.” The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) evaluated the outcomes.

Results  Eleven patients were in the “early surgery” group: age 38 ± 18 years, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 7.64 ± 2.86, ICH score 2.82 ± 0.71, hematoma volume 45.55 ± 23.21 mL. Infratentorial origin of hemorrhage was found in 27.3% cases; AVM grades were I to II in 82%, III in 9%, and IV in 9% cases. Outcome at 3 months was favorable in 36.4% cases and in 54.5% after 1 year. Fourteen patients were in the “delayed surgery” group: age 41 ± 16 years, GCS 13.21 ± 2.39, ICH score 1.14 ± 0.81, hematoma volume 29.89 ± 21.33 mL. Infratentorial origin of hemorrhage was found in 14.2% cases; AVM grades were I to II in 50% and III in 50%. Outcome at 3 months was favorable in 78.6% cases and in 92.8% after 1 year.

Conclusions The early outcome is influenced more by the ICH score, while the delayed outcome by Spetzler-Martin grading. These results suggest that it is better to perform surgery after a rest period, away from the hemorrhage when possible. Moreover, this study suggests how in young patient with a high ICH score and a low AVM grade, early surgery seems to be a valid and feasible therapeutic strategy.
Surgical Repair of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Edward H. , Suen Kary , Tham Stephen K. , Ek Eugene T.
Published: November 2020

Objective This study systematically reviews the outcomes of surgical repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears. Existing surgical techniques include capsular sutures, suture anchors, and transosseous sutures. However, there is still no consensus as to which is the most reliable method for ulnar-sided peripheral and foveal TFCC tears.

Methods A systematic review of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The focus was on traumatic Palmer 1B ulna-sided tears. Twenty-seven studies were included, including three comparative cohort studies.

Results There was improvement in all functional outcome measures after repair of TFCC tears. The outcomes following peripheral and foveal repairs were good overall: Mayo Modified Wrist Evaluation (MMWE) score of 80.1 and 85.1, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score of 15.7 and 15.8, grip strength of 80.3 and 92.7% (of the nonoperated hand), and pain intensity score of 2.1 and 1.7, respectively. For peripheral tears, transosseous suture technique achieved better outcomes compared with capsular sutures in terms of grip strength, pain, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), and DASH scores (grip 85.8 vs. 77.7%; pain 1.5 vs. 2.2; PRWE 11.6 vs. 15.8; DASH 14.4 vs. 16.1). For foveal tears, transosseous sutures achieved overall better functional outcomes compared with suture anchors (MMWE 85.4 vs. 84.9, DASH 10.9 vs. 20.6, pain score 1.3 vs. 2.1), but did report slightly lower grip strength than the group with suture anchors (90.2 vs. 96.2%). Arthroscopic techniques achieved overall better outcomes compared with open repair technique.

Conclusion Current evidence demonstrates that TFCC repair achieves good clinical outcomes, with low complication rates.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Relationship between Fracture of the Ulnar Styloid Process and DRUJ Instability: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Nakamura Toshiyasu , Moy Owen J. , Peimer Clayton A.
Published: November 2020

Background There has been clinical question in the treatment of ulnar styloid fracture with distal radius fracture, surgical fixation of the styloid fragment, or ignorance of the fragment. We examined relationship between size of the ulnar styloid fracture and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability biomechanically to answer the above clinical question.

Methods Changes in the dorsopalmar stiffness of the DRUJ after experimentally simulating in four types of ulnar styloid fractures were examined in cadavers. After tip, middle, base-horizontal, and base-oblique type of styloid fractures were made sequentially, changes in dorsopalmar DRUJ stiffness were measured using the MTS machine in the intact wrist, for each fracture, at 60 degrees pronation, neutral, and 60 degrees supination, respectively. Additional cutting of the radioulnar ligament (RUL) at the fovea was also simulated with the base-horizontal fracture.

Results The tip and middle type fractures did not demonstrate significant loss of stiffness compared with the intact. The base-horizontal fracture demonstrated only significant loss of stiffness in the dorsal direction (radius palmar; ulnar dorsal) with forearm in neutral rotation. The base-oblique fracture demonstrated significant loss of dorsopalmar stiffness of the DRUJ. Additional section of the RUL with the base-horizontal fracture induced significant loss of stiffness of the DRUJ compared with the intact.

Conclusions Because the RUL originates from the fovea as well as from the base of the ulnar styloid, these results suggest that DRUJ instability closely correlates with how much of the bony fragment includes the originating portions of the RUL. The findings further suggest that larger base-oblique and base-horizontal fragments with resultant DRUJ instability must be reattached, but that even base-horizontal fragment as well as tip and middle ulnar styloid fragment can be ignored when there is no instability.
Use of Dexamethasone to Prevent Extubation Failure in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Carvalho Haroldo Teófilo de , Fioretto José Roberto , Bonatto Rossano Cesar , Ribeiro Cristiane Franco , Martin Joelma Gonçalves , Carpi Mário Ferreira
Published: November 2020

Extubation failure is a common event in intensive care units. Corticosteroids are effective in preventing failure in adults, but no consensus has been reached on this matter in pediatrics. We assessed the efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone in mechanically ventilated children and adolescents for more than 48 hours, with at least one risk factor for failure. Extubations were scheduled 24 hours in advance when possible, and patients were randomly assigned into two groups: one group received a loading dose followed by up to four doses of dexamethasone, and the other group received no corticosteroids. Need for reintubation and length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit were similar in both groups, and frequency of reintubation was 12.9%.
Inpatient Telehealth Tools to Enhance Communication and Decrease Personal Protective Equipment Consumption during Disaster Situations: A Case Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ong Shawn Y. , Stump Lisa , Zawalich Matthew , Edwards Lisa , Stanton Glynn , Matthews Michael , Hsiao Allen L.
Published: November 2020

Background As the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic exerts unprecedented stress on hospitals, health care systems have quickly deployed innovative technology solutions to decrease personal protective equipment (PPE) use and augment patient care capabilities. Telehealth technology use is established in the ambulatory setting, but not yet widely deployed at scale for inpatient care.

Objectives This article presents and describes our experience with evaluating and implementing inpatient telehealth technologies in a large health care system with the goals of reducing use of PPE while enhancing communication for health care workers and patients.

Methods We discovered use cases for inpatient telehealth revealed as a result of an immense patient surge requiring large volumes of PPE. In response, we assessed various consumer products to address the use cases for our health system.

Results We identified 13 use cases and eight device options. During device setup and implementation, challenges and solutions were identified in five areas: security/privacy, device availability and setup, device functionality, physical setup, and workflow and device usage. This enabled deployment of more than 1,800 devices for inpatient telehealth across seven hospitals with positive feedback from health care staff.

Conclusion Large-scale setup and distribution of consumer devices is feasible for inpatient telehealth use cases. Our experience highlights operational barriers and potential solutions for health systems looking to preserve PPE and enhance vital communication.
Chinese whispers: COVID-19, global supply chains in essential goods, and public policy
Authors: Evenett Simon J.
Published: November 2020

If taken at their word, senior policymakers in the major economic powers have drawn adverse conclusions concerning the performance of cross-border supply chains during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. That such supply chains often implicate China, the origin of the pandemic, has also led to claims that trading partners have become too dependent on Chinese supplies. This in turn has led to policy interventions designed to reconfigure supply chains, which if adopted broadly could revise the terms upon which international business operates. A critical evaluation of this policymaker assessment is presented, based on near-time monitoring of medical and food trade disruption induced by government policy, on fine-grained trade data on the pre-pandemic international sourcing patterns of medical goods and medicines by France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, on statements from U.S. government health experts before and during the pandemic on the frequency and sources of medicine shortages, and on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s latest evidence on the causes of medicine shortages in 2020. Such evidence vitiates the adverse conclusions mentioned above, but raises important questions about the factors that determine policy towards international business during a time of intensifying geopolitical rivalry.
Imprinting bulk metallic glass with sub-atomic precision
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: November 2020

New method for nanoimprinting uses the unique nature of glass and its omnidirectional metallic bonds, thereby broadening the range of applications possible with thermoplastic forming and precision nanofabrication.
Thomas-Fermi model improves electrode simulations
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: November 2020

An improved simulation model for electrodes uses a Thomas-Fermi framework to account for differences in materials.
Optical magnetometer: Quantum resonances at pumping repetition rate of 1/n of the Larmor frequency
Authors: Ben-Amar Baranga Andrei , Gusarov Alexander , Koganov Gennady A. , Levron David , Shuker Reuben
Published: November 2020

The response of a spin exchange relaxation free atomic magnetometer to a repetitive short-pulsed pump was investigated. Quantum sub-resonances at a repetition rate of 1/n of the Larmor frequency of the magnetic field inside the shield are experimentally observed and theoretically explained. This is a type of synchronization phenomenon. Investigations in single alkali atom cells and mixed alkali atoms of K and Rb are presented. In the latter, one species is pumped while the probe is on the other species polarized by spin exchange. The effect of spin destruction, spin exchange, and collisions is studied in order to account for the width of the resonances. Quantum calculations of a three-level Λ model for this phenomenon exhibit a dip at the resonance frequency in the absorption spectrum for both cases of pulsed and cw pump modes and an evidence for electromagnetically induced transparency.
Metformin adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes and its association with glycated haemoglobin levels
Authors: Chepulis Lynne , Mayo Christopher , Morison Brittany , Keenan Rawiri , Lao Chunhuan , Paul Ryan , Lawrenson Ross
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONMetformin is the initial medication of choice for most patients with type 2 diabetes. Non-adherence results in poorer glycaemic control and increased risk of complications.
AIMThe aim of this study was to characterise metformin adherence and association with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.
METHODSPrescription and dispensing data were used for this study. Primary care clinical and demographic data were collected from 10 general practices (October 2016–March 2018) and linked to pharmaceutical dispensing information. Metformin adherence was initially measured by calculating the proportion of patients who had optimal medication cover for at least 80% of days (defined as a medication possession ratio (MPR) of ≥0.8), calculated using dispensing data. Prescription adherence was assessed by comparing prescription and dispensing data. The association between non-adherence (MPR <0.8) and HbA1c levels was also assessed.
RESULTSOf the 1595 patients with ≥2 metformin prescriptions, the mean MPR was 0.87. Fewer Māori had an MPR ≥0.8 than New Zealand European (63.8% vs. 81.2%). Similarly, Māori received fewer metformin prescriptions (P=0.02), although prescription adherence did not differ by ethnicity. Prescription adherence was lower in younger patients (P=0.002). Mean HbA1c levels were reduced by 4.8 and 5.0mmol/mol, respectively, in all and Māori patients with an MPR ≥0.8. Total prescription adherence reduced HbA1c by 3.2mmol/mol (all P<0.01).
DISCUSSIONEthnic disparity exists for metformin prescribing, leading to an overall reduction in metformin coverage for Māori patients. This needs to be explored further, including understanding whether this is a patient preference or health system issue.
The Bangkok Blast as a finger-pointing blame game
Authors: Huan Changpeng , Deng Menghan , Sritrakarn Napak-on
Published: November 2020

This article sets out to explore the potential of journalistic attitudinal positioning in dis/aligning readers into different feeling and moral communities in traumatic news event. To do so, it utilises theappraisalframework to examine how theBangkok Postand theNew York Timespresent and represent ‘attitude’ of different news actors in the coverage of theBangkok Blast. Analytical findings show that while journalistic attitudinal positioning constitutes a means of political empowerment through bringing in otherwise marginal and silenced voices, it also opens up a space for journalists to evaluate risks and negotiate responsibilities. News reports of theBangkok Blasteventually construe the Thai society as divided by representing the event as a blame game. The findings also extend the conceptual scope of symbolic codes of victims, villain and hero by resorting to attitudinal resources.
Does trust facilitate cooperation in the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)? A socio-psychological approach
Authors: Herman Fanie
Published: November 2020

The word trust is oftentimes used by leaders in the Forum on China and Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), and as the literature points out mainly to foster conditions for cooperation and mutual understanding. Studies in International Relations (IR), reveal that trust is an important tool to manage social behaviour in multilateral organizations by way of past and current interactions, learning and sharing and encapsulating common interests. Group meetings in the forum is the main form of interaction and ultimately aim to advance the collective interest, however, interpersonal contacts between leaders and officials also contribute to a common set of objectives. Trust is also an attribute in the establishment of Sino-African strategic partnerships that have increased in recent years. The argument is that concepts of trust in IR can provide answers to the following research question. What are the characteristics of trust-building in the forum and does it facilitate and enhance cooperation and understanding? This question is addressed along three main themes. China’s role as initiator of trust building, the managing of relations between the members and a socio-psychological approach to create trust. An important finding is that interaction creates conditions for acquiring information about the interests of other members and the expected outcomes they want to achieve. In return, when members believe in the benefits of cooperation, they will behave in a trustworthy manner to build better relationships.
Tunable circular dichroism in a graphene extrinsically chiral L-shaped metasurface
Authors: Zhou Jiaxin , Wang Yueke , Sang Tian , Lu Mengjia
Published: November 2020

In this manuscript, we propose a graphene metasurface composed of an L-shaped pattern to achieve a tunable circular dichroism under oblique incidence in the mid-infrared region. For our graphene extrinsically 3D-chiral structure, there are two graphene localized surface plasmons resonant modes at the wavelength of 11.05 and 16.69 μm. A broad bandwidth circular dichroism between the two modes is generated, so are two bands of negative circular dichroism (circular dichroism is minus). The circular dichroism can be enhanced by increasing the incident angle. Maximal circular dichroism can reach 24.64% when the incident angle is 60°. The mechanism of circular dichroism generation is attributed to the strong interaction between electric and magnetic dipoles. Besides, the circular dichroism can be tuned by changing the Fermi energy and is affected by the intrinsic relaxation time. It will have a wide application in photonic devices, which can promote the development of analytical chemistry and numerous other areas.
Research and Design of Fast Charge Controller Based on USBPD Protocol of FPGA
Authors: Xi Dewu
Published: November 2020

With the advent of the intelligent era, the function of electronic devices such as large-screen mobile phones, laptops, and tablet computers have become increasingly abundant and intelligent. However, at the same time, it has brought the problem of a sharp rise in power consumption. In the case of no breakthrough progress in existing lithium battery technology, people have begun to explore more “electricity replenishment” in the field of fast charging. The fast charging formula is: energy (W) = time (T) × power (P). To increase the charging speed, the key is to increase the charging power. Therefore, USBPowerDelivery (USB_PD) was born as the most mainstream fast charging technology today.