bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychology, environment and climate change: foregrounding justice (part two)
Authors: Barnes Brendon R. , Barnwell Garret , Hendricks Lynn
Published: August 2023

The world is experiencing unprecedented heating, extreme weather patterns, natural disasters, pollution, biodiversity loss, and environmental destruction with disproportionate impacts on marginalised peoples’ physical and mental health. Environmental and climate justice is increasingly used to frame research, practice and praxis. For example, activists on the margins are increasingly demanding that their voices are heard despite extreme levels of physical and epistemic violence. Countries in the global South are demanding reparations for the disproportionate harm caused by industrialised nations. For the first time, the latest IPCC report acknowledged the impacts of colonisation on climate change. However, much work needs to be done. With planetary health at a tipping point, it is crucial for all sectors and disciplines to urgently mobilise to acknowledge disproportionate impacts and reverse environmental degradation and climate change.
OPTIMALISASI PENYEDIAAN LAHAN PARKIR PADA GEDUNG SMK NEGERI 1 GLAGAH BANYUWANGI
Authors: Rindi Novia Ananda  , Pradita Rahayu , Wari Wahyu Naris
Published: August 2023

Pembangunan fasilitas sekolah khususnya lahan parkir siswa sebaiknya juga memperhatikan kebutuhan lahan untuk menampung kendaraan yang digunakan siswa untuk ke sekolah dan memenuhi kebutuhan fasilitas gedung. Berdasarkan hasil survei di SMKN 1 Glagah Banyuwangi, adanya kendaraan siswa yang parkir berhimpitan antar kendaraan yang dapat mengakibatkan kesulitan saat mengeluarkan kendaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalisasi lahan parkir siswa yang tersedia. Salah satu bentuk optimalisasi yaitu merencanakan sudut pola parkir yang paling optimal. Langkah-langkah dari penelitian ini dimulai dengan survei pendahuluan, pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan obeservasi lapangan parkir. Hasil dari survei pendahuluan menunjukkan hasil evaluasi kuesioner siswa merasa tidak nyaman parkir di lahan parkir siswa dikarenakan lahan parkir kendaraan penuh dan kesulitan mengeluarkan kendaraan. Dengan luas lahan parkir eksisting 1.651  dan 649,32    dengan sudut 45° dapat menghasilkan petak parkir mencapai 593 kendaraan, kemudian hasil dari optimalisasi perencanaan sudut pola dan alur parkir yang baru berdasarkan Pedoman Teknis Penyelenggaraan Fasilitas Parkir 1996 didapatkan hasil maksimum kebutuhan lahan parkir menggunakan  sudut 90° dapat menampung 870 kendaraan.
Update on Corneal Crosslinking and Topography-Guided PRK in the Management of Keratoconus, Pellucid Marginal Degeneration, and Ectasia
Authors: Stein Raymond , Stein Rebecca , Salim Ghani
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The introduction of Corneal Crosslinking (CXL) in countries worldwide has led to a reduction in the need for corneal transplants in patients with keratoconus. This innovative and revolutionary procedure is relatively simple in concept, easy for patients to undergo, and can provide excellent outcomes in preserving and stabilizing vision. By stiffening the collagen fibers of the cornea, CXL can prevent progressive disease and vision loss. It is imperative for all eye care professionals to understand the positive long-term impact of this procedure and how it has become the standard of care in the management of selected keratoconus patients and those with other ectatic diseases.

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ANALISIS SENYAWA BORAKS DALAM URINE DENGAN METODE KURKUMIN (STUDI KASUS PENGONSUMSI KERUPUK PULI)
Authors: Novitasari Anik Eko , Putri Thalia Salsabilla
Published: August 2023

Kerupuk merupakan makanan ringan yang sangat digemari oleh masyarakat dan dijadikan sebagai bahan pelengkap makanan pokok. Kerupuk sendiri merupakan bahan olahan dari tepung yang biasanya ditambahkan ikan, bawang, atau bahan lainnya guna memperkaya cita rasa. Kerupuk akan terasa lebih nikmat apabila mempunyai tekstur renyah. Salah satu cara yang digunakan kerupuk agar menjadi renyah adalah dengan menambahkan bahan tambahan pangan. Bahan yang dimaksud adalah boraks. Ditambahkannya zat boraks yang dilarang pada bahan makanan bertujuan untuk memperpanjang masa simpan, menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri, mencegah bau tengik, tekstur menjadi renyah dan memperbaiki rasa serta warna pada makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya kandungan boraks dalam urine sebagai hasil akhir metabolisme boraks dalam tubuh. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Tumerik dengan Kertas Kurkumin. Hasil penelitian pada 20 responden didapatkan 6 urine positif mengandung senyawa boraks yang ditandai dengan warna merah kecoklatan pada kertas kurkumin. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pengawasan lebih lanjut terhadap pangan yang diduga mengandung boraks serta sosialisasi lebih kepada penjual dan konsumen agar lebih waspada terhadap bahan tambahan pangan berupa boraks.
ANALISIS BAHAN KIMIA OBAT DALAM JAMU TRADISIONAL PEGAL LINU KEMASAN YANG BEREDAR DI MARKETPLACE
Authors: Pradika Yuri
Published: August 2023

Bahan kimia obat adalah zat-zat kimia yang biasanya ditambahkan dalam sediaan obat tradisional agar memperkuat indikasi dari obat tradisional tersebut dan memberikan efek kerja yang kuat cepat dalam menyebuhkan penyakit. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI nomor 007 tahun 2012 tentang registrasi obat tradisional. Obat tradisioanal dimana salah satunya adalah jamu tradisional dilarang mengandung bahan kimia obat yang merupakan hasil isolasi atau sintetik yang berkhasiat obat. Konsumsi obat tradisional dengan adanya bahan kimia obat keras dapat membahayakan kesehatan bahkan mematikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifikasi bahan kimia obat dalam jamu tradisional pegal linu kemasan yang beredar di marketplace. Sampel jamu pegal linu yang diteliti sejumlah 12 sampel. Analisis senyawa bahan kimia obat yaitu parasetamol, asam mefanamat dan deksametason menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) yang diamati di bawah sinar lampu UV 254 nm. Hasil penelitian mununjukkan sampel  B dan D positif mengandung parasetamol.
Interpretable Deep Learning Model For Cardiomegaly Detection with Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Ribeiro Estela , Cardenas Diego A. C. , Krieger Jose E. , Gutierrez Marco A.
Published: August 2023

Cardiomegaly is a medical disorder characterized by an enlargement of the heart. Many works propose to automatically detect cardiomegaly through chest X-rays. However, most of them are based on deep learning models, known for their lack of interpretability. This work propose a deep learning model for the detection of cardiomegaly based on chest x-rays images and the qualitative assessment of three known local explainable methods, i.e., Grad-CAM, LIME and SHAP. Our model achieved Acc, Prec, Se, Spe, F1-score and AUROC of 91.8±0.7%, 74.0±2.7%, 87.0±5.5%, 92.9±1.2%, 79.8±1.9%, and 90.0±0.7%, respectively. Moreover, except for the SHAP method, our interpretable methods were able to pinpoint the expected location for cardiomegaly. However, Grad-CAM method showed faster computational time than LIME and SHAP.
Mit Social Media die Generation Z gewinnen
Authors: Belkaid Imane Nawel , Reiss Hans-Christoph
Published: August 2023

Das sogenannte „Post and Pray“-Prinzip, bei dem Unternehmen auf die Veröffentlichung von Stellenanzeigen setzen, funktioniert nicht mehr. Imane Nawel Belkaid und Hans-Christoph Reiss geben faktenbasierte Handlungsempfehlungen zur Personalgewinnung der Generation Z mithilfe von Social Media.
Selbstoptimierung als Nachmittags-Serie in acht Folgen
Authors: Kollberg Britta
Published: August 2023

Die richtige Stelle nach einem Umbruch zu finden, verlangt mehr als Angebote zu lesen, Agenturen zu beauftragen und Bewerbungen zu schreiben. Es fordert ein gründliches Nachdenken über sich und die andere Seite, ein neues Zeitgefühl – und vor allem einen guten Schuss (Selbst-)Ironie.
Fundraising bringt mehr als Geld
Authors: Fischer Kai
Published: August 2023

Natürlich investieren Sozialunternehmen in Fundraising, weil sie sich hiervon Einnahmen versprechen. Sonst wäre ein entsprechendes Investment auch schwer zu begründen. Doch der Erfolg beim Spenden bemisst sich nicht allein am Geldertrag. Es können auch Beziehungen entstehen, die dem Sozialunternehmen weitere Vorteile bringen.
La surveillance électorale en République Démocratique du Congo : principes et impacts
Authors: Mapela Jean Jacques Kahunga
Published: August 2023

L’étude sur la surveillance électorale en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), notamment, a mis en exergue l’impact de cette pratique sur la légitimité des institutions issues des élections, d’une part, et, d’autre part, sur les réformes éventuellement envisagées. Pour ce qui est de la légitimité, elle a noté que celle-ci est un gage de la promotion de l’Etat de droit.
Le contrôle citoyen du processus électoral et la consolidation de l’Etat de droit en République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: MANGAZA Marc KAMANANGA
Published: August 2023

Le contrôle citoyen du processus électoral est un outil nécessaire pour la promotion et la consolidation de l’Etat de droit. Les citoyens doivent s’approprier le control du processus électoral pour contrer toute tentative de fraude électoral et ainsi contribuer la sincérité, la transparence et la crédibilité des résultats des élections. Les citoyens disposent d’un certain nombre des pouvoirs et des mécanismes pour y parvenir. Et la Cour constitutionnelle joue un rôle très important pour soutenir les citoyens dans cette démarche.
Fiscalité et financement du processus électoral en RDC : Apport, convergences et perspectives
Authors: MABIALA Grégoire IMEMBE
Published: August 2023

Cet article analyse l’impact de la politique fiscale sur le financement du processus électoral en RDC. Il est vrai que le financement des élections en RDC demeure une question qui divise les opinions. La gouvernement congolais a entrepris des marches différentes à chaque cycle électoral. A une certaine époque, le financement du processus électoral a bénéficié l’appuis extérieur; et à une autres époque, le gouvernement à décider de ne pas accepter le financement extérieur, c'est-à-dire que l’ Gouvernement a organisé les élections sur fonds propres. Ces différentes expériences poussent à s’interroger sur les sources de revenues pour trouver les moyens nécessaires à l’organisation des élections RDC. Cet article est focalisé sur la fiscalité comme source des revenues de l’Etat et sont impact sur le financement de la promotion de la démocratie en RDC.
La gouvernance des fonds issus de la quotité des 15 % de la redevance minièredestinée aux entités territoriales décentralisées. Cas du Kasaïoriental
Authors: HENGELELA Joseph CIHUNDA
Published: August 2023

Cet article évalue la gouvernance des fonds issus de la quotité des 15 % de la redevance minière destinée aux entités territoriales décentralisées à partir de l’expérience du Kasaï Oriental. Il ressort de l’analyse que les entreprises minières s’acquittent de l’obligation légale de paiement de la redevance minière aux ETD mais la gestion de ces fonds n’est pas bonne à cause notamment de l’absence des autorités de contrôle au niveau local, des outils de planification du développement, de l’ignorance des textes juridiques et du manque des mesures réglementaires. L’étude est un plaidoyer à l’endroit de toutes les parties prenantes pour œuvrer à la levée des obstacles à la bonne gestion des fonds de la redevance minière au niveau des ETD et accéléré le développement à partir de la base.
Composting in our Primary School
Authors: Maria Munoz Millet Ornela
Published: August 2023

One of the most innovative features that we have put into practice in our school is the creation and use of composting with organic waste from the school canteen. Thanks to this school composting program, we have been able to implement this practice in our school. First of all, we talk about the program: the objectives, the contents, the methodology, and the evaluation of it. Secondly, we talk about the implementation of the program at school, the composting process, and the tasks and organizational aspects of the program. Finally, we talk about the conclusions and contributions to the teaching and learning process of the students. It is a very didactic practice for the construction of environmental attitudes and capacities in our students and for the sensitization with the environment and the acquisition of sustainable habits.
Hernia as a Complication of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Pantelis Athanasios , Bhandari Mohit
Published: August 2023

Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS) is increasingly gaining ground, given that it constitutes the most effective treatment of obesity and associated health problems, with enduring results and a well-documented safety profile. Nevertheless, certain issues may rise in the medium and long term. Among them, there is a heterogeneous group of complications under the umbrella term “post-bariatric hernia”, including internal hernias, abdominal wall hernias, and hiatal hernias. Internal hernias constitute the most studied category, but evidence on the other categories is not lacking. This chapter will attempt to cover diagnostic, treatment, and preventive aspects in the management of hernia post-MBS following a comprehensive, evidence-based approach. In brief, with regards to the prevention of internal hernias, suturing of all defects is strongly recommended for Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), but the evidence is less clear when it comes to newer bypass procedures, such as One-Anastomosis/Mini Gastric Bypass (OAGB/MGB) and Single Anastomosis Duodenal-Ileal Bypass (SADI). As far as abdominal wall hernias are concerned, there is no clear evidence of the advantages of suture closure against non-closure. Finally, with respect to hiatal hernias post-MBS, the caveat rests in the documentation of de novo versus pre-existing hiatal hernia, which mandates meticulous preoperative evaluation of symptoms and potentially further endoscopic documentation.
Criminal Behavior and Youth Crime: A Juvenile Delinquency Perspective on Adverse Childhood Experience
Authors: Fikiri Cinini Samuel , Michael Mkhize Sazelo
Published: August 2023

The chapter aims to explore whether the various forms of early adversity are risk factors for criminal behavior among young adults leading to youth crime and juvenile delinquency. The objective of this study is to take into consideration adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in understanding youth crime and juvenile delinquency from a criminal behavior perspective among the youths. Through secondary qualitative data, this study demonstrates numerous risk factors associated with a youth’s probability of joining a gang, revealing that the process of entering a gang begins in childhood and progresses through district development stages. Negative life events and fear or experiences of victimization have been linked to joining a gang. Certain family circumstances have been shown to significantly predict gang involvement, including a lack of health insurance, the jailing or imprisonment of a household member, and foster care placement—all of which are considered ACEs. The results of this study suggest that a focused effort on early identification of ACEs, and intervention for ACEs to improve youth life circumstances and prevent criminal behavior, may reduce the likelihood of and costs related to juvenile criminal activities. Primary prevention efforts should be tailored to meet the needs of parents, teachers, health professionals, and law enforcement.
Autonomy in UAV Civilian Applications
Authors: Patrinopoulou Niki , Lappas Vaios , Daramouskas Ioannis , Meimetis Dimitrios , Kostopoulos Vassilis
Published: August 2023

The multiple advantages of the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms in combination with the recent research advancements in the field and the reduction of production cost for such platforms have caused an increasing interest for their use in multiple civilian applications. As the number of UAV operations in a common airspace increases, Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) plays a crucial role in accommodating flights in a safe and systematic manner. This work looks into six categories of those applications and the relevant guidance and decision-making algorithms and methodologies to enable autonomy in their execution, as well as traffic management systems required to support them.
Units of Translation and the Limited Capacity of Working Memory
Authors: Naranjo Ruiz Mónica , Lorena Giraldo Ospina Diana
Published: August 2023

A unit of translation is a source text fragment of any length or nature that piques a translator’s interest during translation. Alves and Vale proposed the concept of macro and micro translation units based on pauses and times identified in Translog software while translating a document. The objective of this exploratory study was to describe the characteristics of translation units in relation to the limited capacity of working memory (WM) and the information storage-processing capacity. Four trained translators participated in this study, translating a short text about underground mining. The data collection tools were Translog II and Camtasia software. Findings showed that participants used an analytic and sequential processing method and their limited capacity of WM exhibited a lower processing speed, which had an impact on the length of the macro units of translation (UTs).
Congenital Hearing Loss – Overview, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies
Authors: Santiago Nazario Alejandro , Abdul-Hadi Soraya , Riera March Antonio
Published: August 2023

Congenital hearing loss, i.e., hearing loss that presents during the perinatal period from the 20th week of gestation to the 28th day of birth, is a prevalent cause of physiological and social morbidity in pediatric patient development. Hearing loss may be hereditary or acquired, with the former including syndromic and nonsyndromic causes and the latter consisting of infections and ototoxic medication exposure. With the help of various diagnostic tools and universal newborn hearing screening programs, many of these patients may be identified early and intervened to improve long-term outcomes. Interventions may include amplification, otologic surgeries, cochlear implantation, and brainstem auditory implants.
Autonomous Systems for Defense Applications
Authors: Daramouskas Ioannis , Lappas Vaios , Patrinopoulou Niki , Meimetis Dimitrios , Kostopoulos Vassilis
Published: August 2023

The numerous advantages of using UAV platforms, alongside with recent scientific developments in the field of autonomous vehicles in general and the lower production costs for such platforms, have increased interest in their usage in a variety of defense applications. This work investigates swarming in defense applications and provides information about the crucial modules needed for a swarm to operate and the main missions in defense applications that the swarms can be used to enhance the situational awareness.
Multiple Genetic Polymorphisms within microRNA Targets and Homologous microRNA-Binding Sites: Two More Factors Influencing microRNA-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression
Authors: Giurgiu Miruna , Kaltenbach Robert , Ahrend Franziska , Weeks Summer , Clifton Holly , Bouldo Martin , Voloshin Vitaly , Zhong Jiling , Harden Siegfried , Kofman Alexander
Published: August 2023

miRNA-mRNA interaction depends on multiple factors such as 3’UTR isoforms, the cell and tissue-specific expression levels of RNA-binding proteins, the sequence context around the mRNA target site, and other mechanisms. Genetic polymorphisms within miRNAs and their target sites appear to be among the most important ones because they influence the mode and outcome of miRNA-mRNA interaction universally and irreversibly. SNP disruption of miRNAs and their binding sites, as well as conformational changes preventing the access of the miRNA to its target site, are adopted as the most credible mechanistic explanations of SNP-mediated effects. The occurrence of multiple SNPs within the same miRNA-binding site implies their combinatorial mode of action. The presence of the repetitive (homologous) binding sites for the same miRNA on its mRNA target may both enhance the miRNA targeting and provide for the backup target site instead of the one disrupted by SNP, thus rescuing the miRNA functionality. While being underexplored, the multiple genetic polymorphisms within the miRNA-binding sites, as well as homologous miRNA-binding sites, may be considered as additional factors influencing miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression.
Gallbladder Stones – Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Anjum Rohik , Panga Harshavardhan , Prasad Subedi Ram , Das Asish , Huda Farhanul , Kumar Navin
Published: August 2023

Gallstone disease (GSD) refers to all the patients with symptoms due to gallstones (cholelithiasis). The presence of gallstones is a common problem seen in 10–15% of western population; with 1–4% of the population developing symptoms. The most common presentation of patients of GSD is biliary colic. There are several mechanism for cholelithiasis and all these processes are slow. Cholesterol stones are the most common variety of gallstones. Cholesterol stones cannot form if the gallbladder is completely emptied several times a day. Therefore, the total or partial extension of bile storage due to impaired gallbladder movement seems to be an important factor for cholelithiasis. Gallbladder dysmotility is an important risk factor for the development of GSD. Insufficient gallbladder motility may be associated with many risk factors for cholesterol gallstone formation, such as pregnant women, obese patients, and their rapid weight loss, diabetes mellitus, and patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Transabdominal ultrasound is the mainstay in the evaluation of patients with GSD. The presence of gallbladder dysfunction can be studied using cholecystokinin (CCK)-stimulated cholescintigraphy to evaluate for gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF); with values <40% after 30 mins of CCK infusion considered diagnostic. The definitive treatment of GSD is cholecystectomy.
Falkner-Skan experimental verification failure for airflow on a wedge
Authors: Weyburne David
Published: August 2023

Velocity profiles along a wedge obtained by computational fluid dynamic simulation of laminar airflow are compared to the Falkner-Skan solution to boundary layer flow. The experimental flow direction velocity profiles appear to show a good match to the theoretical predictions but, on closer examination, the comparison fails. The results also indicate that the Falkner-Skan scaled experimental normal velocity and the scaled normal pressure gradient profiles do not show profile similarity for the laminar airflow on a wedge. The one exception that does show good profile similarity for both the velocities and the pressure gradient is when the flow direction pressure gradient is zero, i.e. the Blasius flat plate flow model. Examining various profile plots indicates that the failure is due to a non-constant pressure gradient along the wedge wall that fundamentally changes the shape of the profiles at the different stations along the wall. This makes airflow velocity profile similarity impossible.
Mental health problems and psychological support for people with hearing loss
Authors: Katsuya Noriko , Sano Tomoko
Published: August 2023

Hearing loss and mental health issues are very closely correlated. Hearing loss has a significant impact on daily communication and makes smooth communication difficult. For example, people with hearing loss have difficulty disclosing that they have a hearing loss and avoid communication. Because of these problems, people with hearing loss are also likely to experience difficulties in establishing and maintaining close interpersonal relationships. The difficulties in coping with interpersonal stress due to hearing loss, prejudice, and stigma against people with hearing loss may also have a significant impact on the occurrence of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Therefore, psychological support is a very necessary part of the mental health of people with hearing loss. This chapter discusses the relationship between hearing loss and mental health, practices and empirical studies of psychological support for people with hearing loss in Japan and future issues necessary to provide psychological support for people with hearing loss.
Perspective towards Construction and Demolition Waste Management: Case Study on Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
Authors: Tabak Yasemin
Published: August 2023

Türkiye is located in the most active earthquake zones with the shortest return period. There is plenty of demolition waste in 11 cities affected by the earthquake in Türkiye on 6th February 2023. A magnitude of 7.7 earthquake occurred in Pazarcik, Kahramanmaraş which is followed by an earthquake of 7.6 in Elbistan, Kahramanmaraş. This is the biggest disaster of the century. The number of collapsed or damaged buildings are approximately 280,000 and the economic damage is at least 100 billion US dollars. According to the Chamber of Environmental Engineers, 104 million tons of construction and demolition waste was generated. The demolition waste produced by the earthquake constitutes the solid waste with the highest weight and volume. The current earthquake rubble must be removed to attain the normal life in the cities. Thus it is necessary to develop and improve the technologies to be used for disposal and recycle of the waste stored in the areas under special conditions. In this book chapter, the evaluation of the wastes formed as a result of the 6th February 2023 earthquake, which is one of the largest earthquakes in the recent history of the world, will be discussed.
A Case for the Application of Analytic Continuation in Physics
Authors: C. Eide Adrian
Published: August 2023

This chapter will motivate the introduction of one proposed physical principle of vacuum diagram loop divergence treatment by analytic continuation in conjunction with the proposed inherent physical property of virtual quantization. And show that when such a proposed principle and proposed property are adopted that it becomes possible to associate a finite negative zero-point energy. This proposed physical principle is shown to be a useful or practical and mathematically equivalent way of interpreting the Casimir effect. Some examples of the application of this proposed physical principle are outlined, in particular its application to the conformally flat de-Sitter case. An outline of the quantitative implications of this model is tabled for the sake of clarity and completeness. Important discussions on the most critical sources of error and falsification are mentioned, and concrete predictions made.
Knowledge Management in the Context of Toxicity Testing
Authors: Sanctorum Audrey , Maushagen Jan , Sepehri Sara , Vrijens Guillaume , De Kock Joery , Vanhaecke Tamara , De Troyer Olga , Debruyne Christophe
Published: August 2023

The chapter presents the knowledge management system, developed in the context of an interdisciplinary project called TOXIN, for the toxicity testing domain to facilitate the safety assessment of new cosmetic ingredients. Tools have been developed to capture existing knowledge captured in Safety Evaluation Opinions documents issued by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety in a knowledge graph, to enrich this knowledge with knowledge from other sources, and to access this knowledge efficiently. Ontologies and semantic technology are used to build the toxicological knowledge graph and its tools. The developed knowledge management system is based on the processes for creating, maintaining, and exploiting knowledge graphs defined in the Abstract Reference Architecture. The chapter discusses the approach followed for developing the knowledge management system, and the tools developed to support the different processes of the Abstract Reference Architecture. These tools include end-user tools, as well as more advanced tools for information technology experts.
Perspective Chapter: Criminal Responsibility
Authors: Baris Erman Ragip
Published: August 2023

Contemporary criminal law aims to balance the public’s need to punish harmful behavior with the moral choice of the individual agent who causes harm. The principle of individual criminal responsibility in criminal law focuses on human actions and omissions as the foundations of guilt. Although the debate on free will and agency continues to play a role in contemporary criminal law, criminal responsibility is based on a normative understanding of these notions. This understanding presupposes human agency and the capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of one’s actions and the ability to conduct one’s behavior accordingly. However, when this capacity is affected by internal or external circumstances, criminal responsibility can be excluded or diminished. This chapter focuses on the different ways of understanding criminal responsibility among various legal systems by comparing the definition and scope of individual criminal responsibility, culpability, and the place of strict responsibility within criminal law and later compares some of the more common defenses affecting the criminal capacity of the defendant: insanity, diminished responsibility, intoxication, and infancy. These defenses shall be compared according to various common law and civil law systems according to their definitions, fields of application, and legal consequences.
Urban Augmented Reality for 3D Geosimulation and Prospective Analysis
Authors: Agbossou Igor
Published: August 2023

The advent of augmented reality (AR) has introduced a new era of real-time geosimulation and analysis, particularly in urban planning, spatial design, and architecture. In this chapter, we propose a framework for using urban augmented reality model (UARM) to implement 3D geosimulation and prospective analysis of urban built environments. Our framework leverages advanced technologies, such as computer vision, 3D modeling, and machine learning, to provide a realistic and interactive representation of urban built environments. Using UARM, stakeholders can visualize and analyze the impact of proposed changes to the built environment in real-time. This paper presents the technical specifications and implementation details of our proposed framework and provides case studies demonstrating its effectiveness in urban planning and design. This paper will serve as a guideline for future research in implementation tools for virtual geographic environments (VGE).
Augmented reality in AEC industry
Authors: Dolenc Matevž
Published: August 2023

One of a kind products, processes, and partner groups typically characterise the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. This has led to a challenging industry environment with islands of automation, difficult communication between stakeholders, and increasing specialisation. Building information modelling (BIM) is a modern approach to building design, documentation, delivery, and lifecycle management that addresses many AEC challenges. The outcome of this process is a comprehensive building information model that encompasses all relevant data and information related to the construction process as well as the built asset. This model is a primary resource for diverse end-user applications, including augmented reality, that could be essential in bridging the gap between the virtual and physical worlds and has become a component of modern digital workflows within the AEC industry. This chapter provides an overview of AEC specifics and how those reflect in implementing augmented reality in the context of BIM processes. It also delves into the challenges that must be addressed to facilitate the widespread adoption of augmented reality technology in the AEC sector.
Learning Communication Skills in General Practice: From self-directed, transformative learning to develop personal style
Authors: Ho Tam Kwong
Published: August 2023

Communication skills play an important role and drive the clinical outcome in general practice. Unfortunately, biomedicine is growing, and communication skill is often overlooked as easy or self-explanatory. Learning these skills in general practice isn’t like procedural skills training. Besides understanding the theory and clinical process of communication skills, we have to know why and how. This article briefly organizes the conceptual model and shows how to learn communication skills in general practice. Self-directed learning drives the learner who takes their own way to learn. A trained teacher also can provide constructive feedback and carry out a needs-assessment of the learner. Through transformative learning, the learner can understand the five key steps of communication skills in general practice and transfer the learned skills into clinical practice by their own process. The five key steps include medical humanities, principles of family medicine/general practice, clinical methods, counseling micro skills, and clinical applications. The aim is to find the personal learning method and clinical consultation style for each physician.
Integrated Multiscale Modeling-Simulation (MMS) and Machine Learning (ML)-Based Design and Development of Novel Technologies, Systems, and Processes
Authors: Karagöz Seçkin
Published: August 2023

The development of novel technologies, systems, and processes is conventionally complemented by experimental testing. However, experimental tools for testing and examining the results are expensive, and their use is time-consuming. In this context, to accelerate the development, commercialization, utilization, and problem solutions of novel technologies, systems, and processes, the simultaneous use of computational and experimental tools such as hierarchical integrated machine learning (ML)-assisted multi-scale modeling-simulation (MMS) and experimental approaches is essential. These approaches greatly improve the entire technology development process by reducing cost and time and allow us to tackle problems that cannot be solved using theoretical or experimental methods alone. In this chapter, we describe ways in which integrated multiscale modeling-simulation and machine learning have been leveraged to facilitate the design and development of novel technologies, systems, and processes. We first provide a taxonomy of multiscale modeling-simulation and machine learning paradigms and techniques, along with a discussion of their strengths and limitations. We then provide an overview of opportunities and existing research using multiscale modeling-simulation and machine learning for the design and development of novel technologies, systems, and processes. Finally, we propose future research directions and discuss important considerations for deployment.
Bird diversity changes in Tervasaari, Savonranta, Finland from 1989 to 2023
Authors: Mikkola Heimo , Mikkola Anita
Published: August 2023

Birds are sensitive to climate and environmental changes and monitoring the abundance and distribution of bird populations can be excellent barometers of the health of the environment. To investigate bird diversity changes, a hobby like birding was done from May 1989 until July 2023 on a forested island, at Lake Orivesi in Eastern Finland. The main observation area was some 1 km to all directions from the house mainly used for summer holidays. A total of 145 bird species were identified during the 34 years, 108 during the first period 1989–2000, 102 during the second 2001–2013 and 114 during the third period 2014–2023. Abundance classification listed 48% of species as common, 20% as rare and 32% as occasional. The population trend for 80% of bird species seen more than once or one year in 17% of species have upward trend, in 16% of species trend is downwards and the remaining 67% of species are not showing any clear changes. Bird feeding attracted 28% of species mainly during the winter but later also almost all year around. Interesting behaviour changes have been noted at individual and species levels during the feeding activity and in the use of the nest boxes.
Talent in top-flight football: Concept, recruitment and predictive models for identification
Authors: Reyes Boehl Walter , Castro Ignácio Mauro
Published: August 2023

Addressing the importance of understanding the concept of talent in football and how the lack of conceptual clarity can lead to biases and flaws in recruitment practices. The identification and development of talent are fundamental for talent management in high-performance football. We seek to reflect on the complexity and dynamics of this process, in order to contribute to the development of objective and predictive models for identifying talented young people in sports, using multi-sited ethnography. Talent detection can be influenced by factors beyond the technical and mental skills of young players, such as height and hand size. The club’s culture and the availability of financial resources are also important for the development of talented young footballers. Sports organizations are adopting an interdisciplinary model to minimize process failures. The detection and development of talent in football involve many factors beyond the technical and mental abilities of young people, and the definition of talent is a subjective and sometimes empty concept, which makes identifying talent even more challenging.
Simple Is Better When Appropriate: An Innovative Approach to Biowaste Treatment Using Wild Black Soldier Fly
Authors: Chineme Atinuke , Shumo Marwa , Assefa Getachew , Herremans Irene , Wylant Barry
Published: August 2023

The acknowledgement that “technology is not a panacea” creates opportunities to dialog about appropriate technologies that keep the local context at the forefront of deriving solutions. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) biowaste treatment method offers one such opportunity, and its simplistic adaptation is critical in locations with waste collection and management challenges. In this chapter, the importance of local context on viable waste solutions will be discussed with the applicability of appropriate technology strategies. First, the Black Soldier Fly waste treatment method will be distinguished as an appropriate technology for low-income communities. Then, a brief history of the nascent BSF method will be traced, followed by the production scales favored by world regions. Finally, an open BSF bioreactor case study will be introduced and analyzed.
The Social Teaching in Benedict XVI’s Deus Caritas Est
Authors: Zoumaya Daniel ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: August 2023

Pope Benedict XVI’s Deus caritas est rightly receives much attention for the beautiful discussion of the nature of love in the encyclical’s first part. The second part of the encyclical, however, does not receive the attention it deserves. There Benedict describes the proper role of the Church in bringing about justice, and moreover, teaches that not only a commitment to justice is necessary for the securing of the common good, but also social charity which perfects and surpasses justice. Pope Benedict describes the important role of politics in advancing the common good while also emphasizing the necessity of charity for politics to perform its function well, and ultimately, for a good which transcends the demands of justice to be attained.
Liberal Authoritarianism
Authors: Krason Stephen M. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: August 2023

In this article, SCSS President Stephen M. Krason examines the increasingly authoritarian trend present in American liberalism, particularly with regard to the matter of free speech. Once firm supporters of the ideal, today’s liberals are increasingly against it. The author provides a number of examples of this trend, citing suppression via government overreach and officially-issued mandates, the stifling of alternative news media outlets, and the worrisome pattern of censorship on university campuses across the country. This ongoing program of suppression constitutes a form of tyranny, and makes hypocrites of those engaging in it. There are also signs that there may be a backlash building against this trend, but it will take some effort on the part of the defenders of free speech to make it happen.
An Assessment of the Reasoning in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Authors: Brust Steven J. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: August 2023

While the Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson is a cause for rejoicing, it is at the same time a cause for frustration, as it is maddeningly incomplete. This article examines a central problem with the Court’s decision in Dobbs: its studied refusal to take up the question of the personhood of a fetus, and thus its entitlement to rights and protections under law. While the Court in Dobbs sensibly demolished the notion that there is some kind of natural right to abortion in the U.S. Constitution, and thus sent the matter back to the states, the problem of abortion in America still remains. This article presents a number of the problems that the Dobbs decision brings in its wake, and indicates that pro-lifers will still have a great deal of work to do to address them.
The Coming Tension between the Pro-Life Movement and Public Opinion
Authors: Varacalli Thomas F. X. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: August 2023

The Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson is a victory not just for the pro-life movement in particular, but also for sound jurisprudence in general. But how long will this victory last? This article concludes that it will likely be for some time, but also acknowledges a few ways by which Dobbs may be challenged, particularly state politics, public opinion, a biased media, and skewed polling. It acknowledges that while most Americans favor restrictions on abortion, most do not favor its elimination altogether, concluding that the pro-life movement must now work towards what is truly necessary: a cultural renewal in this nation that favors a culture of life.
The Promise and Danger of National Conservatism
Authors: Varacalli Thomas F. X. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: August 2023

National conservatism provides an opportunity to realign the conservative movement in useful ways, namely by rejecting neoconservatism in favor of something more genuinely conservative. Catholics should applaud this. However, it must be recognized that national conservativism has its own goals and priorities distinct from Catholic social thought. Several pitfalls may impede the success of national conservatism. Most importantly, national conservatism might ultimately undervalue the importance of natural law and social conservatism.
Optimization of Stunting Prevention Through Mother Classes for Toddlers 0-5 Years in the Work Area of ​​the Ciherang Health Center, Cianjur Regency
Authors: Hartati Sri , Ayu Shinta Arini , Widianti Rina Andriana , Fauziah Syifa , Rahmaniar Syalsa Adelia
Published: August 2023

Masalah gizi terutama stunting pada balita dapat menghambat perkembangan anak, dengan dampak negatif yang akan berlangsung dalam kehidupan selanjutnya seperti penurunan intelektual, rentan terhadap penyakit tidak menular, penurunan produktivitas hingga menyebabkan kemiskinan dan risiko melahirkan bayi dengan berat lahir rendah. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui optimalisasi pencegahan stunting melalui kelas ibu balita 0-5 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ciherang Kabupaten Cianjur. Metode yang digunakan yaitu ceramah dan diskusi secara aktif serta demonstrasi pada kelas ibu balita yang dibagi berdasarkan kelompok umur 1-12 bulan, 12-24 bulan, 24-60 bulan dan melakukan pre dan post test. Peserta yang dilibatkan sebanyak 30 orang  dengan rincian  masing-masing berjumlah 10 rang pada tiap kelasnya. Hasil dari pengabdian didapatkan bahwa kelas ibu balita 0-5 tahun mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu tentang pencegahan stunting.
Clinical Performance of the Line Immunoassay, Digital Liquid Chip Method, and Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Detecting Specific Antinuclear Antibodies
Authors: Su Zhenzhen , Wang Li , Gao Xuedan , Huang Zhuochun , Hu Jing , Yang Bin
Published: August 2023

Context

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) against certain antigens are useful for identifying autoimmune disorders. Although new solid phase–based immunoassays have been developed for evaluating ANAs, the conventional line immunoassay (LIA) is commonly used in clinical practice.

Objective

To compare the clinical performance of 2 newly developed methods for detecting specific ANAs with LIA.

Design

Six hundred ninety-six serum samples were collected from 559 patients with autoimmune disease (AID) and 137 controls. The samples were screened by using the LIA, digital liquid chip method (DLCM), and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for specific ANAs. The agreement across assays and the clinical performance of each assay in diagnosing ANA-associated rheumatic diseases (AARDs) were evaluated.

Results

Almost perfect agreement was observed among all assays for anti–centromere protein B (κ = 0.85–0.97), anti–ribosome P (κ = 0.85–0.88), anti–SSA 52 (κ = 0.86–0.89), and anti–SSA 60 (κ = 0.89–0.91); moderate to substantial agreement was detected for the autoantibodies against Sm, Jo-1, ribonucleoprotein, Scl-70, and SSB (κ = 0.55–0.80). LIA exhibited better sensitivity for diagnosing AARDs, while DLCM and CLIA demonstrated higher specificity. In the subset of AIDs, especially systemic lupus erythematosus, antibody positive percentages varied greatly between assays.

Conclusions

The 3 assays showed comparable qualitative agreement; however, the standardization of testing for ANAs remains challenging owing to intermanufacturer variations. Moreover, DLCM and CLIA exhibited better specificity in distinguishing non-AID individuals, whereas LIA was more sensitive in diagnosing AARDs.
Don't Fear the Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Machine Learning for Prostate Cancer Detection in Pathology
Authors: Frewing Aaryn , Gibson Alexander B. , Robertson Richard , Urie Paul M. , Corte Dennis Della
Published: August 2023

Context

Automated prostate cancer detection using machine learning technology has led to speculation that pathologists will soon be replaced by algorithms. This review covers the development of machine learning algorithms and their reported effectiveness specific to prostate cancer detection and Gleason grading.

Objective

To examine current algorithms regarding their accuracy and classification abilities. We provide a general explanation of the technology and how it is being used in clinical practice. The challenges to the application of machine learning algorithms in clinical practice are also discussed.

Data Sources

The literature for this review was identified and collected using a systematic search. Criteria were established prior to the sorting process to effectively direct the selection of studies. A 4-point system was implemented to rank the papers according to their relevancy. For papers accepted as relevant to our metrics, all cited and citing studies were also reviewed. Studies were then categorized based on whether they implemented binary or multi-class classification methods. Data were extracted from papers that contained accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), or κ values in the context of prostate cancer detection. The results were visually summarized to present accuracy trends between classification abilities.

Conclusions

It is more difficult to achieve high accuracy metrics for multiclassification tasks than for binary tasks. The clinical implementation of an algorithm that can assign a Gleason grade to clinical whole slide images (WSIs) remains elusive. Machine learning technology is currently not able to replace pathologists but can serve as an important safeguard against misdiagnosis.