bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispositif de télécollaboration pour des étudiants universitaires : littérature migrante, autobiographie migratoire et échanges interculturels en ligne
Authors: Deraîche Myra , Maizonniaux Christèle
Published: November 2018

Deux enseignantes-chercheuses développent un dispositif de télécollaboration (d’échange interculturel en ligne) réunissant des étudiants de français langue seconde à Montréal (Canada) et des étudiants de français langue étrangère à Adélaïde (Australie). Ce dispositif repose sur une approche innovante, exploitant des textes de littérature migrante et des récits autobiographiques pour la lecture-écriture. Afin de déterminer s’il comble les besoins des deux groupes, s’il favorise l’engagement des apprenants dans les échanges écrits sur la plateforme et s’il aboutit à la production d’écrits autobiographiques riches et pertinents après les lectures partagées et les échanges entre pairs, on a comparé les éléments clés du dispositif aux résultats d’une analyse de données. On peut en conclure que proposer des activités communes s’avère pertinent pour l’expression de soi et l’échange interculturel.
Dualité des processus de socialisation professionnelle des enseignants formés hors Québec : entre imposition et appropriation
Authors: Morrissette Joëlle , Demazière Didier
Published: November 2018

De plus en plus d’enseignants formés hors Québec intègrent les écoles québécoises. Ils y découvrent un contexte de travail très différent de celui où ils ont exercé précédemment. Cet écart est constitué ici comme observatoire d’une nouvelle socialisation aux manières de faire le métier, qui se réalise sur le terrain et par la pratique, pendant leurs premières expériences. Mobilisant une sociologie interactionniste des professions pour étudier cette socialisation en contexte de travail, nous avons conduit une recherche centrée sur leurs expériences d’enseignant dans leur pays d’accueil, en accordant une attention serrée à leurs interactions quotidiennes avec les membres de leur écologie professionnelle. Quatre enseignants formés hors Québec et certains de leurs partenaires de travail ont participé à des entretiens individuels et collectifs. L’analyse de ceux-ci a permis de dégager deux types de processus de socialisation. Chacun est associé à des acteurs privilégiés, mais non exclusifs : l’un procède par imposition de nouvelles manières de faire sous la pression d’acteurs dépositaires de capacités de sanction, l’autre procède par adhésion à de nouvelles manières de faire résultant de l’accompagnement d’acteurs qui transmettent des significations. L’explicitation de ces processus et l’analyse de leurs variations locales nous conduisent à discuter de la forte relation entre la socialisation professionnelle des enseignants formés hors Québec et les propriétés des contextes dans lesquels ils travaillent, incluant l’engagement de leurs partenaires. Finalement, cela met en exergue la fragilité de cette socialisation.
Back to the Future : art contemporain du Moyen-Orient et expositions temporaires au British Museum
Authors: Abdallah Monia
Published: November 2018

The confrontation between contemporary and ancient art, within the framework of temporary exhibitions or in the context of permanent collections, is not new, and examples are numerous. This article shows, through a description of a variety of temporary exhibitions organized by the British Museum, bringing together contemporary Middle Eastern and ancient Islamic art, the ideological consequences of such juxtapositions which consistently favour continuity over rift.
L’art autochtone à l’aune du discours critique dans les revues spécialisées en arts visuels au Canada. Les cas de Sakahàn et de Beat Nation
Authors: Pageot Edith-Anne
Published: November 2018

This article offers a qualitative and quantitive analysis of the critical reception of two exhibitions, Sakahàn:International Indigenous Art (National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa 2013) and Beat Nation: Art, Hip-Hop and Aboriginial Culture (organised and circulated by the Vancouver Art Gallery, 2013-2014). The study treats articles which appeared between 2012 and 2015 in English and French visual-arts publications. The comparative analysis intends to highlight general trends, in order to identify challenges that contemporary Indigenous arts pose for art criticism. A review of the texts shows that all commentators, whether francophone or anglophone, indigenous or non-Indigenous, have welcomed these two exhibitions warmly. The discrepancy between the number of essays in French and those in English reflects the demographic weight of these two linguistic communities and the geographic distribution of First Nations in Canada. This will qualify, without denying, the hypothesis of Quebec's tardiness on the indigenous question. The authors largely recognize the necessity of initiating indigenization of the museum and emphasize the movement to internationalize contemporary indigenous art. Yet many commentators, particulary Indigenous people, dispute the efficacity of the concept of "strategic essentialism" put forward by the commissioners of the Sakahàn catalog. Despite both a real interest in these two major exhibitions and the quality of the commentary, in the end, for events of such a scale few texts have been published on the subject. The criteria for appreciation rooted in the institutional sociology of art endeavour to fully take into account the challenges posed by certain central aspects of the approach of several Indigenous creators, such as the intangible dimensions of their civic engagement, the dissolution of particular outside venues and the sisterhood of certain projects.
LE DROIT D’AUTEUR AU CANADA ET LE MONDE DELA DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Larivière Jules
Published: November 2018

La loi canadienne sur le droit d’auteur n’est plus adaptée à la réalité des communications modernes. Un projet de révision sera déposé prochainement. L’auteur rappelle le concept juridique de propriété intellectuelle et décrit les principaux éléments de la loi et dresse un aperçu historique des étapes de sa révision. Il commente brièvement ces études préparatoires qui vont du rapport de la Commission llsley en 1954 à la réponse du gouvernement au rapport du sous-comité sur le droit d’auteur en 1986. Il rappelle enfin que pour le bibliothécaire, la discussion se situe en termes de responsabilité professionnelle en tant qu’intermédiaire entre les créateurs et les utilisateurs de l’oeuvre protégée par la loi.
Le développement durable pour tous, tous pour le développement durable ! Quelle traduction par les organisations publiques territoriales ?
Authors: Hernandez Solange , Fiore Camille
Published: November 2018

Cet article cherche à comprendre comment les organisations publiques territoriales répondent aux injonctions de développement durable.

Pour répondre, nous retenons de la littérature sur le développement durable les travaux insistant sur son faible potentiel opérationnel et sa labilité, permettant de formuler des propositions de recherche. Celles-ci sont ensuite confrontées aux résultats d’une analyse lexicale multidimensionnelle assistée par ordinateur, fondée sur des données secondaires de onze métropoles françaises.

Les résultats renforcent les propositions issues de la littérature et les complètent.
De la motivation à l’engagement pour le service public : étude comparative entre la France, la Chine et la Corée du Sud
Authors: Pupion Pierre-Charles , Pyun Hae-Ok , Yun Kwang-Jai , Dorbaire Philippe , Huron David , Park Jungho , Guo Yugang
Published: November 2018

Depuis la théorie de la motivation à l’égard du service public (MSP) de Perry et Wise (1990), de nombreux travaux de recherche ont été menés afin d’identifier des dimensions de la MSP et d’élaborer les échelles de mesure. L’objectif de notre étude est de modéliser le processus motivation-engagement à l’égard du service public, à la lumière de la théorie du comportement planifié (Ajzen, 1991) et du management interculturel (Hofstede, 1984, 1997; Hofstede et Hofstede, 2005). Une étude conduite en France, en Corée du Sud et en Chine montre la spécificité de la MSP par pays et son influence sur l’engagement organisationnel.
CEO Compensation and State Ownership in French Listed Companies
Authors: Dardour Ali , Boussaada Rim
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the determination of French CEO Compensation. Based on a panel sample of 153 French listed firms between 2003 and 2012, we find U-shaped relationship between State Ownership (SO) and CEO compensation. We attempt to fill the gap of previous French empirical research, which has been limited to cross-sectional studies and has focused on other types of shareholders, using panel data over a period of ten years. The non-monotonic relationship between SO and CEO compensation is initially negative, and then becomes positive with increasing State’s voting rights.
Corporate Governance and Equity Prices: The Effect of Board of Directors and Audit Committee Independence
Authors: Hamza Taher , Mselmi Nada
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the effect of board and audit committee independence on firm market performance. Using a sample of French listed firms, we find a negative and significant relation between board independence and equity returns. This suggests that appointing more independent directors fails in enhancing firm stock returns. Furthermore, we show that firms with independent audit committees exhibit higher equity returns. We analyze three portfolios sorted by the percentage of independent directors on boards and audit committees using Carhart’s model and find that the portfolio of firms with low board independence and high audit committee independence exhibits the highest abnormal returns.

JEL Classification: G34, G11
Departmental-level approaches to gender equity in biology
Authors: McDonald-Spicer Christiana J , Schwessinger Benjamin , Howitt Susan
Published: November 2018

Gender equity remains a large issue in academia, with women comprising only about one fifth of professors in the US. There are many changes that can be made to increase equity, including institutional policies, cultural change and bottom-up strategies, but these can be difficult or slow to implement at a departmental level. Hiring is one area that can be easily tackled at a departmental level and is strongly influenced by implicit and systematic bias. Here we focus on two methods of tackling bias in recruitment – redefining merit and identified positions.
Everyone wins
Authors: Matos Renata C , Leulier François
Published: November 2018

Aeromonas bacteria living in the gut of zebrafish produce a specific molecule to pacify the immune system of their host.
Effects of mixed reality head-mounted glasses during 90 minutes of mental and manual tasks on cognitive and physiological functions
Authors: Cometti Carole , Païzis Christos , Casteleira Audrey , Pons Guillaume , Babault Nicolas
Published: November 2018

Background

We evaluated the effects of a mixed reality (MR) head-mounted deviceon some cognitiveand physiological functions during 90 min tasks in an attempt to determine their safety for workers.

Methods

A total of 12 volunteers performed 90-min intellectual and manual tasks with and without MR glasses. Balance, Stroop, and memory tests were conducted before, during and after these tasks. Heart rate and electromyographic activity of some muscles were recorded. A survey was used to determine subjective fatigue, pain, or discomfort.

Results

Balance, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, memory, and attention were unaffected by wearing MR glasses. Electromyographic activity increased with MR glasses for deltoid, biceps brachii, and soleus muscles. Few subjects reported discomfort, pain, or visual fatigue with MR glasses. Some participants reported they lost the notion of time and reality.

Discussion

Accordingly, we concluded that the MR glasses under investigation (Hololens) can be used safely. An appropriate setup and familiarization are needed to optimize use.
Sociality genes are associated with human-directed social behaviour in golden and Labrador retriever dogs
Authors: Persson Mia E. , Sundman Ann-Sofie , Halldén Lise-Lotte , Trottier Agaia J. , Jensen Per
Published: November 2018

Background

Dogs have human-directed social skills that allow them to communicate and cooperate with humans. We have previously identified two loci on chromosome 26 associated with human contact-seeking behaviors during an unsolvable problem task in laboratory beagles (Persson et al., 2016). The aim of the present study was to verify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in additional dog breeds. We also studied how the allele frequencies have changed during domestication and recent selection.

Methods

Dogs of two breeds, 61 golden retrievers and 100 Labrador retrievers, were phenotyped and genotyped, and 19 wolves were genotyped. The Labrador retrievers were divided into common and field type by pedigree data to make it possible to study the effects of recent selection. All dogs were tested in an unsolvable problem task where human-directed social behaviors were scored. DNA from dogs (buccal swabs) and wolves (blood or brain tissue) was analyzed for genotype on two of the previously identified SNP markers, BICF2G630798942 (SNP1) and BICF2S23712114 (SNP2), by pyrosequencing.

Results

There was genetic variation for SNP1 in both dog breeds whereas the wolves were fixed for this polymorphism, and for SNP2 there was variation in both dogs and wolves. For both SNPs, Labrador retriever types differed significantly in allele frequencies. We found associations between SNPs and human-directed social behavior in both dog breeds. In golden retrievers, SNP1 was associated with physical contact variables, for example, with the duration of physical contact with the owner (F2,56 = 4.389, p = 0.017). SNP2 was associated with several behavioral variables in both breeds, among others owner gazing frequency in both golden retrievers (F2,55 = 6.330, p = 0.003) and Labradors (F1,93 = 5.209, p = 0.025).

Discussion

Our results verify the association between the previously identified SNPs and human-directed social behavior scored in an unsolvable problem task. Differences in allele frequencies suggest that these loci have been affected by selection. The results indicate that these genomic regions are involved in human-directed social behavior in not only beagles but in other dog breeds as well. We hypothesize that they may have been important during dog domestication.
Initiating Global Service Learning Movement: Best Practices from Petra Christian University
Authors: Intan Rolly
Published: November 2018

Petra Christian University (PCU) is a private Christian university established in September 22nd, 1961. Tracing back its history when there was a significant necessity in providing higher education opportunity and service in Surabaya, especially for Christian and Chinese-Indonesian people; PCU was initiated to fulfill the needs. As a population of academic community, up to present the majority of PCU student body are Chinese-Indonesian descendants with middle level-economic family background.

Through its vision “To be a Caring and Global University with Commitment to the Christian Values”, PCU enhances its concern and commitment in applying the “whole person education” or “holistic education” to equip the students with at least five excellences (academic excellence, emotional excellence, moral excellence, spiritual excellence and cultural excellence). Hence, the mind, heart, spirit and cultural engagement are blended nicely within their learning process in the university to prepare their roles successfully in the global era as global citizens. PCU, then, learns that Service-Learning (S-L) program is one of the most effective and powerful concepts as well as learning method in order to achieve the holistic education objective. In the program, students as participants gain some experience not only to mingle amongst the rural communities, but also to purposely support the society’s life by sharing their expertise, involving their emotion in building relationships and communication, and earning personal reflection and commitment to continue the caring spirit toward others.
#Meuamigosecreto - Feminismo Além Das Redes - Coletivo Não Me Kahlo; de Bruna de Lara, Bruna Rangel, Gabriela Moura, Paola Barioni e Thaysa Malaquias
Authors: Sangolete Chaimsohn Joyce
Published: November 2018

Esta resenha foi produzida para a disciplina Gênero e Sexualidades do Programa de Pós Graduação em Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre Mulheres, Gênero e Feminismo (PPGNEIM), no semestre letivo 2016.2 da Universidade Federal da Bahia-UFBA.
A educação para a Diversidade em busca de uma apreensão intercultural da Surdez
Authors: Ramos Phagner , Costa-Fernandez Elaine Magalhães
Published: November 2018

Este artigo é um recorte de uma dissertação de mestrado que objetiva compreender as tensões entre a criação de uma categoria identitária cultural para a Surdez e o discurso Ouvintista hegemônico, em suas rachaduras, resistências e perspectivas. De metodologia qualitativa, a pesquisa favorece a (re) construção discursiva da trajetória da Surdez (com S maiúsculo) e do Ouvintismo, através da mídia, das Políticas Públicas Educacionais e da história de membros das comunidades ouvintes e surdas pernambucanas. Considerando que ao longo da história, a sociedade ouvinte dominante ao definir políticas educacionais enquadrou, a partir unicamente de seu ponto de vista, os sujeitos Surdos em identidades (surdo-mudo, surdo, deficiente auditivo, excepcional, especial), o fortalecimento de uma reinvindicação identitária germinada pelos próprios sujeitos da Surdez, em oposição ao discurso Ouvintista, cria um tensionamento discursivo. Cabendo, portanto, a pergunta: como a escola e a sociedade estão lidando com isso? Este artigo vai se focar na análise das origens teórico epistemológicas destes termos, enfatizando que suas escolhas, mais do que aleatórias, correspondem a enquadramentos ideológicos definidos. Convencidos da inescapabilidade dos mecanismos de opressão de uma postura identitária, postura própria da pós-modernidade, espera-se que as políticas educacionais identitárias calcadas no princípio da diversidade, sejam suficientemente operantes para diminuírem as opressões sociais, além de definirem novos começos. Com o cuidado de privilegiar uma apreensão intercultural da diversidade, postula-se a necessidade de permanecermos atentos para a construção de diálogos, acolhendo a diversidade das vozes e prevenindo a reprodução de antigas discriminações.
Diversidade de concepções entre alunos sobre usos e funções sociais da escrita e da leitura
Authors: Da Silva Santos Emmanuel Itallo , Laurendon Candy Marques
Published: November 2018

Considerando que cada ser humano é único, mas que aprende com os outros e compartilha, portanto, visões do mundo, este texto tem por objetivo apresentar os primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa que investiga as concepções de alunos do Ensino Fundamental I acerca das atividades de escrita e de leitura. Na continuação do estudo elaborado por Spinillo, Albuquerque e Lins e Silva (1996), ao questionar alunos de diferentes níveis escolares e condições socioculturais sobre “Para que serve ler e escrever?” mais de vinte anos depois, pretende-se identificar uma diversidade de concepções sobre os usos e as funções sociais destas atividades, propostas nas escolas e presentes no dia a dia da sociedade. Pois, as experiências de vida e os conhecimentos prévios dos sujeitos são diferentes em função da classe social à qual pertencem; enquanto para os alunos de classe baixa, a relação com os saberes escolares é uma relação “profissional”, de adaptação às situações, os alunos de classe média e alta consideram este saber pela importância deste objeto de saber, como um fim em si (Charlot, 1996). Assim, entre os alunos de escolas públicas e de escolas particulares, os primeiros tendem a associar a linguagem escrita a objetivos futuros a um nível individual como conseguir um emprego, melhorar de vida; os segundos associam a usos escolares, ou seja, a ganhos imediatos no contexto escolar e como fator importante para o desenvolvimento de habilidades intelectuais.
Association between cirrhosis and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Parikh Neal S. , Merkler Alexander E. , Jesudian Arun , Kamel Hooman
Published: November 2018

Objective

Cirrhosis has been associated with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We sought to evaluate the specific association between cirrhosis and aneurysmal SAH.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using a sample of Medicare claims data from 2008 to 2015. Cirrhosis was defined using a validated ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis code algorithm. Nontraumatic SAH was identified using a validated approach requiring an inpatient claim for its ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis code. Additionally, we required the presence of an ICD‐9‐CM procedure code reflecting treatment of a cerebral aneurysm during the same hospitalization to ensure ascertainment of aneurysmal SAH specifically. We used survival statistics to calculate incidence rates and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between cirrhosis and aneurysmal SAH after adjustment for demographics, stroke risk factors, and comorbidities.

Results

We identified 10,658 (0.6%) patients with cirrhosis from among the 1,778,604 beneficiaries in our sample. The mean age of patients with cirrhosis was 73.5 (±7.8) years, and 48% were female. Over a mean of 4.7 (±2.1) years of follow‐up, 4,272 patients were hospitalized with aneurysmal SAH. The annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH in patients with cirrhosis was 0.12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–0.17%) compared to 0.05% (95% CI, 0.05–0.05%) in patients without cirrhosis. In the adjusted model, cirrhosis was independently associated with aneurysmal SAH (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–3.4).

Interpretation

Cirrhosis was independently associated with an increased risk of aneurysmal SAH among older individuals. Confirmation of these findings may yield opportunities for risk stratification and prevention.
Surfactant Free Delivery of Docetaxel by Poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐(R)‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate]‐Based Polymeric Micelles for Effective Melanoma Treatments
Authors: Luo Zheng , Jiang Lu , Ding Chizhu , Hu Benhui , Loh Xian Jun , Li Zibiao , Wu Yun‐Long
Published: November 2018

Docetaxel (DTX) is a new semisynthetic chemical in the taxoid family and serves a wide spectrum of chemotherapeutics. Current commercial formulation of DTX is based on the addition of the nonionic surfactants (i.e., ethanol and Tween 80), which are reported to cause severe hemolysis, hypersensitivity reactions, or neurotoxic toxicity and greatly hinders patient tolerance or compliance. In this report, a novel low‐toxic, biodegradable, and amphiphilic poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐(R)‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHx)‐based polyurethane (a copolymer made of hydrophobic PHBHx with biocompatible D‐3‐hydroxybutyric acid as degradation product, thermosensitive polypropylene glycol (PPG), and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) segments) with nanosized micelle formation ability to encapsulate DTX, as a surfactant free formulation, is reported. Interestingly, this DTX‐loaded poly(PHBHx/PEG/PPG urethane) micelle formulation with >90% drug loading efficiency shows significantly improved DTX solubility in aqueous medium, reduced hemolysis for better blood compatibility, and increased drug uptake in A375 melanoma cells, which provides the possibility of systematic delivery of DTX. As a proof‐of‐concept, an A375 melanoma xenograft mouse model is established to verify the therapeutic effect of this DTX‐loaded poly(PHBHx/PEG/PPG urethane) micelle formulation, indicating the promising application of PHBHx‐based polymeric nanosized micelle as a surfactant free formulation of chemotherapeutics which might greatly be beneficial for controllable delivery of pharmaceutics and cancer therapy.
Direct Patterning of Piezoelectric Thin Films by Inkjet Printing
Authors: Godard Nicolas , Glinšek Sebastjan , Matavž Aleksander , Bobnar Vid , Defay Emmanuel
Published: November 2018

Inkjet printing is currently gaining momentum as a low‐cost and eco‐friendly additive manufacturing technique for electronics. Patterning of functional metal oxide thin films on high surface energy substrates via inkjet printing remains a challenge and requires assistance from lithographic processes. This work unveils a novel process for lithography and etching‐free patterning of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films on pristine platinized silicon through the use of inkjet‐printed alkanethiolate‐based templates. The technique requires neither lithography nor etching, respectively, before and after PZT printing. The described process allows for feature sizes in the sub‐100 µm range with control over the thickness of the final film. Inkjet‐printed PZT displays typical ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of solution‐derived thin films, with remnant polarization 13 µC cm−2, coercive field 58 kV cm−1, permittivity 900, dielectric losses 0.07, and effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient 50 pm V−1.
Rapid On‐Chip Healing of Metal Thin Films
Authors: Danzi Stefano , Schnabel Volker , Gabl Johannes , Sologubenko Alla , Galinski Henning , Spolenak Ralph
Published: November 2018

Self‐healing behavior, the ability to autonomously counteract damage, is observed in some inorganic materials, and it has recently been extended to various artificial systems. In metals, healing usually requires thermal activation by a furnace treatment that stimulates damage repair. High temperature exposure, however, renders these routes incompatible with temperature‐sensitive systems such as on‐chip microelectronic components. In this work, designing Ni/Al multilayers as on‐chip heat sources, a concept for on‐demand healing of metal films that no longer relies on external annealing, is demonstrated. The process is based on harvesting a solitary self‐sustained heat wave that is produced by a solid‐state reaction in the heat source to weld cracks in different metal films. Healing is activated at room temperature with a remarkably small current input and in situ probing reveals a large conductance recovery up to 500 nm wide cracks within 1 ms, orders of magnitude faster than furnace‐based approaches. Intrinsic heat source healing represents a unique concept for rapid on‐chip healing of metal films that will provide new flexibility to prevent failure in inaccessible electronic systems: from implantable healthcare devices, to space probe instrumentation.
CO2 Capture in Metal–Organic Framework Adsorbents: An Engineering Perspective
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Wang Yuxiang , Shah Bhuvan B. , Zhao Dan
Published: November 2018

CO2 emission has raised worldwide concerns because of its potential effects on climate change, species extinction, and plant nutrition deterioration. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are one class of crystalline adsorbent materials that are believed to be of huge potential in CO2 capture applications because of their advantages such as ultrahigh porosity, boundless chemical tunability, and surface functionality over traditional porous zeolites and activated carbon. In terms of chemistry, there are already many studies devoted to the synthesis of new functional MOFs. Some of the synthesized MOFs have been evaluated for CO2 capture at laboratory‐scale. Several reviews have been published on this topic, but mainly from a chemistry and materials point of view. In this review, the authors focus on the engineering perspective on this topic, with emphases on material evaluation, performance judgment, and process design to address the engineering issues of these materials to be used as adsorbents in industrial CO2 capture. The current engineering evaluation approaches for MOFs are summarized, in a manner that could also be applied to other adsorbent materials.
Thermionic Emission–Based Interconnecting Layer Featuring Solvent Resistance for Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells with Solution‐Processed Perovskites
Authors: Li Can , Wang Zi Shuai , Zhu Hugh Lu , Zhang Di , Cheng Jiaqi , Lin Hong , Ouyang Dan , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: November 2018

All‐perovskite tandem cells have been considered a potential candidate for bringing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit of single‐junction device while retaining the advantages of earth‐abundant materials and solution processability. However, a challenging issue with regard to realizing such solution‐processed devices is the fulfillment of complex and coupled requirements of the interconnecting layer (ICL), including solvent resistance to protect underlying perovskite film, high electrical properties for carrier transport and recombination, and high optical transmission. In this work, a new thermionic emission–based ICL with enhanced solvent resistance features is demonstrated. Fundamentally, the thermionic emission plays a critical role in the electron transport process in the ICL, which is confirmed through both experimental and theoretical studies. Besides achieving high optical transmission and electrical properties, the new ICL chemically protects the underlying perovskite film by introducing a fluoride silane–incorporated polyethylenimine ethoxylated hybrid system that also passivates the surface defects to reduce electrical loss. The monolithic all‐perovskite tandem cells demonstrate highest PCE of 17.9% (from current density–voltage scan) and the highest steady‐state efficiency is 16.1% for a typical device. Consequently, this work contributes to not only understanding the fundamental mechanism of ICLs but also promotes robust and low‐cost photovoltaics.
Arylierungschemie für die Biokonjugation
Authors: Zhang Chi , Vinogradova Ekaterina V. , Spokoyny Alexander M. , Buchwald Stephen L. , Pentelute Bradley L.
Published: November 2018

Mittels Biokonjugationschemie können modifizierte Biomoleküle hergestellt werden, deren Funktionsumfang das natürliche Maß übersteigt. Hierbei ist die Entwicklung hocheffizienter und selektiver Biokonjugationsreaktionen von Bedeutung, die unter milden, biokompatiblen Bedingungen ablaufen. Vielversprechend sind hierbei Verfahren, bei denen Bindungen zwischen einem Nukleophil und einem sp2‐hybridisierten Kohlenstoffatom gebildet werden, wodurch in manchen Fällen Moleküle mit einzigartigen Eigenschaften erhalten werden können. In diesem Aufsatz werden Biokonjugationsstrategien für die Arylierung von Schwefel, Stickstoff, Selen, Sauerstoff und Kohlenstoff sowie ihre Anwendungen für die Modifikation von Peptiden, Proteinen, Kohlenhydraten und Nukleinsäuren zusammengefasst.
Tin Diselenide Molecular Precursor for Solution‐Processable Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Yu , Lim Khak Ho , Xing Congcong , Li Mengyao , Zhang Ting , Tang Pengyi , Arbiol Jordi , Llorca Jordi , Ng Ka Ming , Ibáñez Maria , Guardia Pablo , Prato Mirko , Cadavid Doris , Cabot Andreu
Published: November 2018

In the present work, we detail a fast and simple solution‐based method to synthesize hexagonal SnSe2 nanoplates (NPLs) and their use to produce crystallographically textured SnSe2 nanomaterials. We also demonstrate that the same strategy can be used to produce orthorhombic SnSe nanostructures and nanomaterials. NPLs are grown through a screw dislocation‐driven mechanism. This mechanism typically results in pyramidal structures, but we demonstrate here that the growth from multiple dislocations results in flower‐like structures. Crystallographically textured SnSe2 bulk nanomaterials obtained from the hot pressing of these SnSe2 structures display highly anisotropic charge and heat transport properties and thermoelectric (TE) figures of merit limited by relatively low electrical conductivities. To improve this parameter, SnSe2 NPLs are blended here with metal nanoparticles. The electrical conductivities of the blends are significantly improved with respect to bare SnSe2 NPLs, what translates into a three‐fold increase of the TE Figure of merit, reaching unprecedented ZT values up to 0.65.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Four‐Atom Ring Expansion of Cyclobutanones: Synthesis of Benzazocinones
Authors: Zhou Yirong , Wei Yun‐Long , Rodriguez Jean , Coquerel Yoann
Published: November 2018

An enantioselective Michael addition– four‐atom ring expansion cascade reaction involving cyclobutanones activated by a N‐aryl secondary amide group and ortho‐amino nitrostyrenes has been developed for the preparation of functionalized eight‐membered benzolactams using bifunctional aminocatalysts. Taking advantage of the secondary amide activating group, the eight‐membered cyclic products could be further rearranged into their six‐membered isomers having a glutarimide core under base catalysis conditions without erosion of optical purity, featuring an overall ring expansion– ring contraction strategy.
Confined Pt11+ Water Clusters in a MOF Catalyze the Low‐Temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction with both CO2 Oxygen Atoms Coming from Water
Authors: Rivero‐Crespo Miguel A. , Mon Marta , Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Lopes Christian W. , Boronat Mercedes , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Corma Avelino , Hernández‐Garrido Juan C. , López‐Haro Miguel , Calvino Jose J. , Ramos‐Fernandez Enrique V. , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio
Published: November 2018

The synthesis and reactivity of single metal atoms in a low‐valence state bound to just water, rather than to organic ligands or surfaces, is a major experimental challenge. Herein, we show a gram‐scale wet synthesis of Pt11+ stabilized in a confined space by a crystallographically well‐defined first water sphere, and with a second coordination sphere linked to a metal–organic framework (MOF) through electrostatic and H‐bonding interactions. The role of the water cluster is not only isolating and stabilizing the Pt atoms, but also regulating the charge of the metal and the adsorption of reactants. This is shown for the low‐temperature water–gas shift reaction (WGSR: CO + H2O → CO2 + H2), where both metal coordinated and H‐bonded water molecules trigger a double water attack mechanism to CO and give CO2 with both oxygen atoms coming from water. The stabilized Pt1+ single sites allow performing the WGSR at temperatures as low as 50 °C.
Arylation Chemistry for Bioconjugation
Authors: Zhang Chi , Vinogradova Ekaterina V. , Spokoyny Alexander M. , Buchwald Stephen L. , Pentelute Bradley L.
Published: November 2018

Bioconjugation chemistry has been used to prepare modified biomolecules with functions beyond what nature intended. Central to these techniques is the development of highly efficient and selective bioconjugation reactions that operate under mild, biomolecule compatible conditions. Methods that form a nucleophile–sp2 carbon bond show promise for creating bioconjugates with new modifications, sometimes resulting in molecules with unparalleled functions. Here we outline and review sulfur, nitrogen, selenium, oxygen, and carbon arylative bioconjugation strategies and their applications to modify peptides, proteins, sugars, and nucleic acids
An investigation of the molecular and biochemical basis underlying chlorantraniliprole‐resistant Drosophila strains and their cross‐resistance to other insecticides
Authors: Kim A‐Young , Kwon Deok Ho , Jeong In Hong , Koh Young Ho
Published: November 2018

Chlorantraniliprole is an anthranilic diamide insecticide that binds to the insect ryanodine receptor (RyR) and induces an uncontrolled release of Ca2+, resulting in paralysis and ultimately death of the target insects. Recently, it was reported that chlorantraniliprole‐resistant diamondback moths,
Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, have mutations in their RyR. In this study, we developed two different chlorantraniliprole‐resistant
Drosophila melanogaster strain. The resistance ratio (RR) of the low‐concentration chlorantraniliprole‐treated resistant (Low‐Res) strain was 2.3, while that of the high‐concentration chlorantraniliprole‐treated resistant (High‐Res) strain was 21.3. The LC
50 of the untreated control (Con) strain was 23.8~25.9 ppm, which was significantly higher than that reported for the susceptible diamondback moth (0.03~0.51 ppm). The high LC
50 of the Con may be because the helix S2 amino acid sequence of
D. melanogaster RyR (
DmRyR) is identical to the I4790M mutation of the chlorantraniliprole‐resistant diamondback moths, resulting in a lower binding affinity of
DmRyR for chlorantraniliprole. Among the tested detoxification enzymes, the activity of esterase was significantly increased in the two Res strains, but glutathione
S‐transferases and acetylcholinesterase were significantly decreased in the two Res strains. The cross‐resistance of the High‐Res strain to other insecticides with different modes of actions (MoAs) revealed that the RRs of the neuronal acetylcholine receptor allosteric and competitive modulators were significantly increased, while those of the Na
2+ channel modulators were significantly reduced. Our studies showed that RRs against the same insecticide vary with the treatment concentration, and that RRs against other insecticides with different MoAs can be altered.
Global Folding of a Na+‐Specific DNAzyme Studied by FRET
Authors: He Yanping , Zhou Yibo , Chen Da , Liu Juewen
Published: November 2018

Recently, a few RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes have been isolated with excellent specificity for Na+, and some of them contain a Na+‐binding aptamer. This metal recognition mechanism is different from that of most previously reported DNAzymes. When using 2‐aminopurine (2AP) as a probe, interesting local folding induced by Na+ was recently observed. In this work, FRET was used to probe the global folding of the Ce13d DNAzyme; one of the Na+‐specific DNAzymes. FRET pairs were at different locations, which yielded a total of five constructs to probe the three‐way junction structure with a large loop. With endlabeled DNAzymes, the global structure appears to be quite rigid with little folding upon adding up to 200 mm monovalent metal ions, although some minor differences were observed between Li+, Na+, and K+. This lack of significant conformational change is also consistent with circular dichroism spectroscopy data. The loop was then labeled with an internal tetramethylrhodamine fluorophore at the G14 position, and its cleavage activity was partially retained. A clear Na+‐dependent folding was observed with spectral crossover. From a biosensing standpoint, global folding based sensors are unlikely to work due to the overall rigid structure of the DNAzyme. Therefore, the best way to use this DNAzyme to discriminate Na+ from K+ is based on cleavage activity, followed by probing local folding, whereas global folding is the least effective for metal discrimination.
CYP109E1 from Bacillus megaterium Acts as a 24‐ and 25‐Hydroxylase for Cholesterol
Authors: Putkaradze Natalia , Litzenburger Martin , Hutter Michael Christopher , Bernhardt Rita
Published: November 2018

In this study, the ability of CYP109E1 from Bacillus megaterium DSM319 to metabolize cholesterol was investigated. This steroid was identified as a new substrate to be converted by CYP109E1 with adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase as redox partners in vitro. The biotransformation was successfully reproduced in vivo by using Bacillus megaterium cells that overexpressed CYP109E1. To enhance the production of cholesterol derivatives, an Escherichia coli based whole‐cell system that harbored CYP109E1 was established. This novel system showed a 3.3‐fold higher activity than that of the B. megaterium system, yielding about 45 mg L−1 of these products. Finally, the reaction products were isolated and identified to be the highly important cholesterol derivatives 24(S)‐ and 25‐hydroxycholesterol.
Aspergillus fumigatus in a fine needle aspiration of a cavitary lung lesion
Authors: Li Wencheng , Shetty Avinash K. , Salih Ziyan T.
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical Message

The diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration cytology to detect a wide variety of opportunistic pulmonary infections in an immunocompromised host has been studied. Fine needle aspiration cytology techniques are safer, cost‐effective and provide rapid results.
Complete metabolic response of metastatic castration‐resistant neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate after treatment with RRx‐001 and reintroduced platinum doublets
Authors: Ojemuyiwa Michelle , Zeman Karen , Spira Alexander , Oronsky Bryan , Ray Carolyn , Trepel Jane B. , Lee Min‐Jung , Onyiuke Ifeyinwa , Brzezniak Christina
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical Message

Presented herein is the case of a heavily pretreated patient with high‐grade neuroendocrine prostate cancer that achieved a complete metabolic response on platinum‐based chemotherapy after treatment with the dual CD‐47 and SIRP‐α inhibitor, RRx‐001, in a Phase II clinical trial.
Endovascular treatment of coronary subclavian steal syndrome complicated with STEMI and VF: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Haj Bakri Mouaz , Nasser Maher , Al Saqer Lean
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical Message

Endovascular treatment of coronary subclavian steal syndrome is usually successful and safe. However, it might be lethally complicated, such as our case of STEMI and ventricular fibrillation during stent deployment. Early diagnosis of subclavian stenosis, intermittent dilations of balloons during stent deployment, and choosing the accurate stent size are suggested to avoid such complications.
Impacted wooden toothpick in the stomach
Authors: Yahata Shinsuke , Kamada Momoka , Kenzaka Tsuneaki
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical Message

Foreign body ingestion should be considered when evaluating acute onset epigastric pain, even if patients have no recollection of foreign body ingestion and suspicious conditions or habits, especially in the regions where toothpicks are used on a daily basis.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for the Electroless Deposition of Gold on Natural Pyrite: Effect of Ferric Ions
Authors: Atesyan Aurore , Belhadj Oulfa , Combellas Catherine , Kanoufi Frédéric , Rouchon Véronique , Noël Jean‐Marc
Published: November 2018

The local electroless deposition of gold on pyrite is studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The SECM and additional SEM experiments provide kinetic and mechanistic insights on the local galvanic replacement of pyrite by gold. We evidence that individual gold nanoparticles or full coverage of gold on the pyrite surface can be obtained by controlling either the deposition time or the flux of gold ions electrogenerated at the ultramicroelectrode. We also studied the influence of ferric ions, known to be implied on gold etching and pyrite corrosion and therefore, on the overall process of gold deposition on pyrite. We then demonstrate that the presence of ferric ions significantly modifies i) the thermodynamic of the gold electrodissolution, ii) the process of adsorption of auric ions on pyrite in the first instants, iii) the number of nucleation sites on the pyrite surface and, iv) the structure of the deposited gold layer.
Aqueous Symmetric Supercapacitors with Carbon Nanorod Electrodes and Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Xiao Dewei , Wu Qihui , Liu Xiaolei , Dou Qingyun , Liu Lingyang , Yang Bingjun , Yu Haiyun
Published: November 2018

Although safe and low‐cost aqueous supercapacitors have gained great attention, their narrow operation voltage significantly limits their widespread applications. Here, we demonstrate a high‐voltage and high‐capacitance aqueous symmetric supercapacitor by using polyaniline‐derived carbon nanorods as the electrodes and a highly concentrated water‐in‐salt [lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide dissolved in water] electrolyte. The resultant supercapacitor is able to work with a wide operation voltage window of 2.2 V and shows a high specific capacitance of 44 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. Moreover, it exhibits a superior rate capability (73 % capacitance retention upon increasing current density from 1 to 10 A g−1). Consequently, the favorable combination of high specific capacitance, wide operation voltage window, and excellent rate capability enable the device to have comparable energy and power densities to those of commercial non‐aqueous supercapacitors.
Ionic Liquid Stabilized Gelatin–Lignin Films: A Potential UV‐Shielding Material with Excellent Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Mehta Mohit J. , Kumar Arvind
Published: November 2018

Significant research is currently underway to develop environmentally friendly UV‐shielding materials. Herein, we have constructed choline citrate (a biobased ionic liquid, IL) stabilized homogeneous gelatin–lignin UV‐shielding films with excellent antimicrobial and mechanical properties. The synthesis procedure of the films is less energy demanding, one pot, and sustainable in nature. Prepared films were characterized by mechanical and thermal analysis using UTM and TGA, respectively. ATR‐IR and PXRD was employed to explore the possible formation of H‐bonding between biopolymers and the IL and the change in crystallinity in films after addition of IL to the gelatin–lignin matrix. Surface morphology of prepared films has been studied using optical microscope, AFM, and field emission SEM (FE‐SEM). Optical properties of prepared films were measured using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared films was tested against Bacillus subtilis. Prepared biofilms showed a sun‐protection factor (SPF) of up to ≈45.0, large elongation ≈200 %, and tensile strength ≈70 MPa, which are as good as those values exhibited by organic polymeric films, indicating a promising renewable‐resources‐based material for UV light blocking.
The Synthesis of Waltherione F and Its Analogues with Modifications at the 2‐ and 3‐Positions as Potential Antitrypanosomal Agents
Authors: Zdorichenko Victor , Paumier Romain , Whitmarsh‐Everiss Thomas , Roe Mark , Cox Brian
Published: November 2018

Chagas disease also know as American Trypanosomiasis (AT) is a tropical parasitic disease endemic in South America, is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by the blood‐sucking insect vectors called triatomine bugs. Quinoline alkaloids from the root extract of Waltheria indica are known to possess antitrypanosomal activity. Waltherione F, one of those alkaloids, was synthesised in 5 steps in 11 % overall yield. We report here the first X‐ray crystallographic confirmation of the structure of Waltherione F 3. A key step in the sequence utilised the Conrad–Limpach synthesis for the formation of the quinolin‐4(1H)‐one ring system. Our synthetic strategy was designed to enable the modification of the 2‐ and 3‐positions of the scaffold, allowing the generation of a diverse library of analogues to support our on‐going medicinal chemistry program that is looking for new agents to tackle this devastating disease.
Colloidal Quantum Dot Arrangement Assisted by Perylene Bisimide Self‐Assembly
Authors: Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Masuo Sadahiro
Published: November 2018

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, so‐called quantum dots (QDs), are attractive as molecular‐like smart nanomaterials, and their emission and optoelectronic properties in the dispersed state have been actively studied. The construction of supramolecular structures composed of multiple QDs, however, is still challenging. Here, a new strategy to form supramolecular QD structures via self‐assembly of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes is demonstrated. In a mixed solution, QDs and PBI undergo time‐dependent fusion to form an isolated colloidal QD‐PBI complex or a unique QD‐PBI co‐aggregate composed of QDs arranged along a sheet‐like PBI nanostructure, and these dramatically different supramolecular structures can be controlled by the solvent polarity.