bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Features of Treatment of Underweight among Medical Students
Authors: Shakanov D.R. ,   Astana Medical University, Zhabytai Zh.B. , Abduldayeva А.А. , Tolegenova Y.Y. ,   Astana Medical University,   Astana Medical University,   Astana Medical University
Published: July 2024

In Kazakhstan, the health of students is deteriorating every year. So, over the past 20 years, the proportion of healthy students has decreased by 2.5 times at the time of admission to the university and by 4 times at the final year. The increase in the anthropogenic load, the deterioration of the environmental situation have a great impact on the body and health of young people studying. The purpose: to study the prevalence of body mass deficiency among students of Astana Medical University and indicators related to gender. Methods. A survey of students to identify body weight deficiency was conducted at the Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition from September 2022 to February 2023. The anthropometric examination was carried out in accordance with standard methods of calculating the body mass index. The study involved 1201 students aged 18 to 25 years during one time period. Results. Weight deficiency was found in 140 (12%) students who participated in the study. Depending on gender characteristics, 48 students (38%) among men and 92 students (66%) among women were observed. Conclusion. Taking into account the attitude of students to their health, constant stress due to increased mental workload, attempts to combine work with study, lack of sleep, malnutrition, we believe that the recommendations we have developed allow teachers to monitor the dynamics of treatment of body weight deficiency.
EFFICIENCY RESULTS OF LAPAROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF LIVER ECHINOCOCCOSIS
Authors: Yakubov F. ,   Tashkent Medical Academy, Urgench branch, Sapaev D. , Matkurbanov N. , Yakubov R. ,   Tashkent Medical Academy, Urgench branch,   Tashkent Medical Academy, Urgench branch,   Tashkent Medical Academy, Urgench branch
Published: July 2024

Laparoscopic surgery for liver echinococcosis is a technical option in individual uncomplicated cases of the disease, and the risk of complications after laparoscopy, especially leakage of the contents of the echinococcal cyst, has not been evaluated in larger interinstitutional studies. The purpose of this study: to study the results of laparoscopic treatment of liver echinococcosis with the identification of factors that affect specific aspects of the effectiveness of surgical approaches depending on the localization, size and stage of development of the cyst. Methods. Laparoscopy in the comparison group was performed only in patients with the primary form of liver echinococcosis – 46 patients; solitary cyst was in 26 (56.5%) cases and multiple cysts in 20 (43.5%) patients. Results. The technical aspects of performing laparoscopic echinococcectomy play a leading role in the effectiveness of the technique. Taking into account the stage of cyst development, various difficulties with manipulations occurred more often in type II-IV CE. Thus, difficulties with aspiration or removal of cyst contents were noted in only 14 (30.4%) cases, while for type CE II this indicator was 50% (6 out of 12 patients), for CE III – 44.4% (in 4 out of 9 patients), for type IV – 100% (3). Conclusions. Thus, among the main factors technically complicating laparoscopic echinococcectomy, in addition to localization, difficulties with aspiration or removal of cyst contents were identified in 54.2% of cases at the stage of development - CE II, III and IV (in 13 out of 24 patients with these types) due to the presence of many daughter cysts completely filling the mother shell (CE II, III) or thick viscous discharge (CE IV), as well as difficulties with performing perekistectomy for adequate abdominization of the residual cavity with the location of the hydatid 3/4 or more in the liver parenchyma - 19.6% (in 9 of all 46 operated).
APPLICATION OF VACUUM DUTIES IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF THE NEUROSICHEMIC FORM OF THE DIABETIC STOP SYNDROME
Authors: Mukushev M. ,   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov, Akataev N. , Zhumabayev M. , Nurbayeva D. , Nurbayeva D. ,   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov,   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov,   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov,   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study: to improve the results of treatment of patients with neuroischemic form of diabetic foot syndrome. Materials and methods: the article presents the results of treatment of 36 patients with purulent-necrotic complications of the neuroischemic form of the diabetic foot syndrome being treated at the Aktobe Medical Center and Multidisciplinary Regional Hospital from 2019 to 2012. Patients were treated with a vacuum bandage as a local therapy. Results. The average duration of one bandage was 3,5 days. The dressings were applied according to the existing method. Conclusion: the use of vacuum dressings in the complex treatment of purulent wounds promoted the rapid purification of wounds and, accordingly, a decrease in their area and depth, acceleration of the process of granulation and epithelization when compared with traditional methods of treatment.
THE RESULTS OF APPLYING THE CRITERIA OF THE SMALL SUBDURAL HEMATOMA RATING SCALE
Authors: Sadykov A. ,   National Center for Neurosurgery, Akhmetov K. , Kadralieva E. ,   Astana Medical University,   Astana Medical University
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study: to determine the criteria for the assessment of acute small subdural hematomas for the subsequent treatment of intracranial subdural hematomas of small volume. Methods. A retrospective analysis was carried out, as well as an assessment according to the criteria of a unified scale of 210 patients from March 2018 to December 2020 in the Department of Emergency Neurosurgery of Central railway hospital in Astana with acute small subdural hematomas, including patients with indications for a certain type of surgery. Results. In 123 patients, after conservative treatment, according to CT of the brain, complete resorption of the hematoma was observed within up to 10 days. In 63 cases, it was possible to transform an acute hematoma into a chronic form and subsequently apply minimally invasive tactics (closed external drainage of the hematoma). 29 patients, due to the negative dynamics on the background of drug treatment, underwent osteoplastic trepanation with the removal of the hematoma within 3-4 days. Based on the data, a unified scale was developed, which sets out the criteria for determining the tactics of treatment “Scale for assessing hematomas of acute small subdural hematomas”. Conclusions. A unified scale is presented for determining the tactics of treating acute subdural hematomas of small volume, based on clinical and expectant management, which allows expanding the indications for minimally invasive treatment or refusal of surgical treatment to complete resorption of the hematoma based on an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of subdural hematomas.
The efficacy of kicking and knee strike exercises in the rehabilitation of patients with walking disorders
Authors: Raissova K. ,   Astana Medical University, Uakkazy G. , Shashkin Ch. , Akhmadeeva G. , Kurmasheva А. , Alaidarova М. ,   Astana Medical University,   International Institute of Postgraduate Education,   Bashkir State Medical University,   Semey Medical University,   Astana Medical University
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of exercises that were used in neurorehabilitation for patients with walking disorders. Disorders of walking, coordination of movement, balance are among the main symptoms of diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinsonism and dystonia. For such patients with motor disorders, exercise is a very important part of rehabilitation. At this time, the insufficiently studied problem remains therapeutic physical culture, exercises to improve patients' coordination of movement, gait, balance. The purpose of the study: to study the effectiveness of a set of kicking exercises for patients with walking disorders by evaluating rehabilitation scales (Test “Up and Go” (TUG) и mini BESTest). Methods. Prospective cohort study. The results of rehabilitation of patients treated at the clinic of neurology and neurorehabilitation "Shashkin clinic" are presented. The main criteria for inclusion in the study: patients with Parkinson's disease – at least 3 stages on the Hoehn-Yahr scale, patients with Parkinsonism and dystonia syndrome, patients who underwent surgery to install a deep brain stimulation system with walking disorders. The age of patients is from 50 to 78 years, men - 21, women - 29. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 25 people. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group underwent neurorehabilitation without a set of exercises, the 2nd group - with a daily additional load – kicking and knee exercises. Before rehabilitation and 2 weeks after rehabilitation, a test was conducted. All patients prior to enrollment in the study signed informed consent voluntarily. Results. There was an improvement in the indicators of two scales used in the work (mini-test of balance assessment systems, or Mini-BESTest, "Up and Go” test) in the research group, compared with the control group. Conclusions. The inclusion of a set of kicks and knee exercises in rehabilitation has a positive effect on improving the patient's walking.
Modern View on the Formation of Intestinal Microbiota in Children of the First Year of Life
Authors: Duisebayeva Arailym ,   Astana Medical University, Morenko Marina , Schneider Kseniya , Meirmanova Zarina , Kozhakhmetov Samat , Zakharova Irina , Gatauova Madina ,   Astana Medical University,   Astana Medical University,   Astana Medical University,   Nazarbayev University,   National Medical Research Center for Children's Health,   Astana Medical University
Published: July 2024

During pregnancy, the maternal microbiome influences the development of the fetus and generally creates the prerequisites for the formation of the infant microbiome. Currently, the study of external factors on the formation of the microbiome, including the influence of the mother's microbiome on the formation of the infant's microbiome, remains relevant. The purpose of this review: to provide up-to-date data on the development of the intestinal microbiota of a child at the early stages of its formation and the factors influencing this process. Research of publications were conducted in search engines as PubMed, eLibrary.ru, Google Scholar. The selection of publications was carried out in accordance with the purpose of the review. We analyzed current data on the infant gut microbiome and concluded that the infant gut microbiome is affected by maternal age, maternal overweight, obstetric history, gestational age, mode of birth, work performed during pregnancy, place of residence, diet during pregnancy and lactation, illness and antibiotics. All these factors affect the state of the maternal microbiome itself and affect the microbiome of the child through breastfeeding. The intestinal microflora of the newborn is largely dependent on the state of the mother's microbiome, it is mainly through breast milk. The microbes of our body control all life processes, as well as the stability of the internal environment.
A Rare Clinical Form of Ichthyosis is Unilateral Ichthyosiform Erythroderma: Clinical Case
Authors: Askarova Gulsum ,   Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Tokhtiyeva Zahidam , Amangeldy Balzhan , Zamangazy Marzhan ,   Almaty Regional Dermatology-Venereological Dispensary,   Kazakh-Russian Medical University,   Kazakh-Russian Medical University
Published: July 2024

Congenital ichthyosis is one of the hereditary dermatoses that develop due to a violation of the keratinization process. The clinical manifestation of ichthyosis is characterized by dryness of the skin during physical examination and scaling of different degrees of clarity. Congenital ichthyosis can be classified as one of the most difficult and urgent problems in the field of dermatology and pediatrics due to the fact that the pathogenesis of this pathology is not fully studied, its persistent course, and the difficulty of achieving positive treatment results.In addition, despite many common features, types of ichthyosis are distinguished based on clinical and histological appearance: simple ichthyosis, recessive X-doubled ichthyosis, classic lamellar ichthyosis, bullous and non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. In all these types of ichthyosis, there is a violation of cellular kinetics and their physiological exfoliation process, resulting in excessive keratinization of the skin in the primary manifestation. During ichthyosis, there is a violation of the barrier function of the skin, loss of water between the epidermis and inability of the skin to retain moisture. In this article, we have shared a patient with these symptoms who was diagnosed with unilateral ichthyosiform erythroderma, one of the rare forms of ichthyosis encountered in our practice. This article is informative for general practitioners, neonatologists, pediatricians, dermatovenerologists and geneticists.
Contemporary Aspects of Quality in People with Epilepsy: A review of the Literature
Authors: Daulet Aigerim ,   Astana Medical University, Orazova Galiya ,   Astana Medical University
Published: July 2024

Epilepsy is a complex public health problem associated with fear, stigma and misconceptions that often lead to human rights violations and discrimination. Psychosocial problems such as depression, anxiety, social stigma, lack of social support and unemployment negatively impact the quality of life of people with epilepsy. This review analyzed the results of meta-analyses and systematic reviews that assessed the quality of life of population with epilepsy. Based on this review, we conclude that quality of life in epilepsy is determined by multiple combined factors, including country specific factors.A better understanding of the quality of life of people with epilepsy living in different populations is important because quality of life is influenced by various cultural, ethnic, and economic factors.
La difficulté d’apprentissage du vocabulaire de spécialité à l’école : le cas des verbes opaques
Authors: Gala Núria , Roubaud Marie Noëlle , Javourey-Drevet Ludivine
Published: July 2024

Dans le but de mettre en lumière les lacunes dans les connaissances du vocabulaire spécifique aux textes de spécialité, nous analyserons dans cet article une série de verbes opaques (polysémiques, fréquents dans les manuels d’histoire et de sciences) et nous dresserons un bilan des connaissances lexicales d’un ensemble de 219 enfants de cours moyen (9 à 11 ans) questionnés dans différentes écoles de France. Nous montrerons, par ailleurs, quelles sont les stratégies utilisées par les élèves pour répondre à la consigne proposée : écrire une phrase avec un verbe donné hors contexte.
Noms sous-spécifiés et constructions : analyse distributionnelle dans un corpus français diversifié en genres
Authors: Vajnovszki Anaïs , Lauwers Peter , Legallois Dominique
Published: July 2024

Le but de cet article est d’analyser le comportement constructionnel de 16 noms sous-spécifiés en français. Les noms sous-spécifiés (Nss) sont des lexèmes abstraits, comme problème ou idée. Ils constituent une catégorie nominale dont l’une des particularités est de s’intégrer de manière préférentielle dans les constructions copulatives spécificationnelles, p. ex. le problème est que + complétive ou la solution est de + infinitif. Toutefois, d’autres mécanismes existent, tels que la construction paratactique (Autre obstacle en matière d’enseignement : la formation des enseignants, des maîtres // la formation des enseignants constitue un obstacle) ou la construction adnominale (le problème du culte de l’empereur // le culte de l’empereur constitue le problème). Nous pensons qu’une analyse outillée fondée sur le comportement constructionnel de ces noms pourrait permettre de répondre à plusieurs questions, notamment : (1) quels Nss sont concernés par un comportement distributionnel similaire en termes d’intégration dans ces constructions ? (2) ces catégories distributionnelles correspondent-elles à des types sémantiques de Nss ? (3) cette catégorisation révèle-t-elle l’existence d’un prototype ? (4) une synonymie entraîne-t-elle une appartenance à la même catégorie ? (5) existe-t-il des liens entre les constructions d’accueil ? Nous répondrons à ces questions en menant une analyse outillée sur un petit corpus diversifié en genres, composé de 16 Nss parmi les plus fréquents dans les constructions spécificationnelles, constructions considérées par de nombreux auteurs comme un critère d’identification des Nss. Notre objectif est double : tout d’abord, regrouper les Nss en plusieurs classes sur la base de leur fréquence dans une gamme de constructions ; ensuite, analyser la composition de ces groupes de Nss pour en tirer des conclusions plus théoriques sur la structure interne de cette catégorie nominale et sur les éventuels mécanismes plus globaux à l’œuvre.
A lexicological response to Motschenbacher’s Linguistic Dimensions of Sexual Normativity (2022)
Authors: Lo Vecchio Nicholas
Published: July 2024

This article is a critical engagement with Heiko Motschenbacher’s Linguistic Dimensions of Sexual Normativity (2022), which examines the discursive construction of sexuality through the lens of normativity in the aim of empiricizing queer linguistic data via corpus methods. Underpinned by a lexicalist stance based on a novel Foucauldian argument and a readaptation of sociological “labeling theory”, the book argues for a lexically based construction of sexual normativity through the words used to describe sexual beings or practices. Critiques are proposed here concerning the work’s treatment of Foucauldian theory, labeling theory, and lexical history. By opposing normativity but also enacting it via guidelines for inclusive language use, the work under study raises political questions about linguistic authority. A sociolexicological approach, seeing the lexicon as the site of structured variation as for any other language feature, offers a way out of binary essentialist/constructivist thinking and opens alternate perspectives on interrogating the queer past and present.
Behavior-induced identity inferences, politico-ideological polarization and the emergence of sociolinguistically marked terms
Authors: Schaden Gerhard
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates behavior-induced identity inferences (as exemplified by phenomena such as virtue signaling), and their implications for politico-ideological polarization and the emergence of linguistic forms associated with specific politico-ideological positions (such as great replacement, used nearly exclusively by members of the extreme right). Through three simulations, it will be shown that behavior-induced identity inferences consistently increase politico-ideological polarization. However, the emergence of expressions linked to particular politico-ideological stances requires the additional process of schismogenesis, that is, a differentiation process between the behavioral profiles of agents belonging to different groups.
Strategies to prevent Students academics crimes through Cybersecurity
Authors: Maiha Kamal  , Ashraf Iqbal  , Erum Tatheer  , Ghulam Abbas
Published: July 2024

In the present era, media greatly influences people’s lives and has overcome their thoughts and perceptions with its contents. Along with its positive use rise of social media crimes amongst the students of universities is a big issue these days that demands instant attention. By recognizing the contributing issues and applying broad level cybersecurity actions, educational institutes can create a safe digital atmosphere for students. Nowadays social media has set off a vital segment of our daily lives and every person especially university students is depending on social media sites for the sake of information. In this study “Relationship between Social Media Usage on the Academic Performance of the Students,” the main focus is to know how frequently and which type of media content is being used by university students and how it influences their academic performance. Whether their GPA and CGPA have improved or reduced. The quantitative survey method was used to collect the data and a systematic sampling technique was used for the selection of correspondents. The frequency distribution regarding the statement, “Excessive usage of social media affects the academic performance of university students”. 12.0% of respondents strongly agreed, 44.7% of students agreed, 26.7% of respondents neutral, 14.3% disagreed, and 2.3% strongly disagreed with the statement. The frequency distribution regarding the statement, “Social media sites detract the university students from academic goals”, 18.7% of respondents strongly agreed, 44.7% agreed, 25.7% neutral, 8.7% disagreed, and 2.3% respondents are strongly agreed. However, collaborative efforts between universities, students, and cybersecurity professionals is essential in fighting the rising threat of social/digital media crimes and warranting the protection and comfort of student community. There is a dire need to emphasize cybersecurity education, developing a culture of cognizance and attentiveness adopting modern technologies to mitigate the risks related to negative use of social media.
Pertumbuhan ekonomi Sumatera Barat: Pengaruh sinergis jumlah penduduk dan belanja negara
Authors: Arhaninka Dewi , Muchtar Masruri , Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson , Akhmadi Muhammad Heru
Published: July 2024

Pemerintah melalui kebijakan fiskalnya dapat mengupayakan pendapatan dan mengatur alokasi belanja agar berdampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hampir sebagian besar pengeluaran pemerintah pusat dan daerah berasal dari APBN dan selalu mengalami tren kenaikan positif setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jumlah penduduk serta belanja pemerintah yang bersumber dari APBN mampu memberikan dampak positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Barat. Sumber data dari penelitian ini diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Sumatera Barat dan Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode data panel dengan sampel sebanyak 19 kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Barat dalam rentang waktu lima tahun, mulai dari tahun 2017 sampai dengan tahun 2021, sehingga jumlah observasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 95 data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penduduk dan belanja operasional berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan, sedangkan belanja modal dan belanja transfer tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Barat. Hal ini mengimplikasikan perlunya kerja sama erat antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah dalam menjamin bahwa alokasi untuk belanja modal dan belanja transfer disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan serta prioritas pembangunan yang spesifik bagi kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Barat.
Beliefs and Practices of Three Literacy Instructors in Elementary Teacher Education
Authors: Courtland Mary Clare , Leslie Laurie
Published: July 2024

This article describes the beliefs and practices of three literacy teacher educators at one site of a longitudinal multisite case study of teacher education and literacy teaching that describes teacher candidates’ experiences in literacy courses and their first two years of literacy teaching. One instructor held a social constructivist perspective and focused on depth of conceptual understanding; two promoted breadth to prepare the students for the early years of teaching. The courses highlighted print literacy. Neither critical literacy, multiliteracies, or multimodality were emphasized. Instructors perceived that their students were prepared to teach literacy, but noted inconsistencies between their courses and practices in the field experience.
Relation to Culture and Cultural Education on Students in High School French-as-a-First-Language Courses
Authors: Côté Héloïse , Simard Denis , Falardeau Erick , Emery-Bruneau Judith , Carrier Louis-Philippe
Published: July 2024

To enhance the cultural content of the curriculum, several governments are increasing the presence of cultural education in schools. How do high school French-as-a-first-language teachers perceive this education? To answer this question, we relied on the relation to culture theoretical framework and analyzed 32 questionnaires answered by high school French-as-a-first-language teachers. Our results suggest that the teachers’ main role is to bring students to appreciate the cultural objects and practices associated with fine arts and literature and to develop their ability to distance themselves from their surroundings.
Building on Treacherous Ground: Sense-of-Purpose Research and Demarcating Problematic Purposes
Authors: Waddington David I.
Published: July 2024

Developmental psychologist Damon’s (Damon, Menon, & Cotton Bronk, 2003) ongoing research program on youth purpose may have important practical implications for education. However, in the course of the development of this research, two fundamental conceptual questions have not yet been resolved satisfactorily: (a) How should “sense of purpose” be defined? and (b) How can one distinguish between noble and ignoble purposes? A careful examination of Damon et al.’s (2003) approach to these two questions is conducted, and some significant shortcomings in the analysis are pointed out. Specifically, Damon et al.’s definition of purpose is shown to be idiosyncratic, and some defects are pointed out in the criteria offered to differentiate between noble and ignoble purposes. In conclusion, an alternative approach to demarcating purpose is offered that relies on Erikson’s (1968) concept of totalized identity.
Academic Integrity Outreach: supporting high school students for success in higher education
Authors: Morrow Leeanne
Published: July 2024

This brief article highlights how the Library at the University of Calgary works with high schools to teach their students about academic integrity with a focus on building ethical research and writing skills in advance of students' transition to a post-secondary learning environments.
Illuminating scholarship to students: Librarian-faculty course collaborations
Authors: Cassidy Alice L.E.V.
Published: July 2024

Collaborations between teaching faculty, librarians and others can lead to enhanced learning experiences for students, especially in the interrelated areas of scholarly research, information literacy and academic integrity. I focus on collaborative projects related to credit courses, ranging from 1st through 4th year, at two Canadian universities, the University of British Columbia and the University of Toronto. Examples include such techniques and strategies as in-class activities, out of class homework and assignments, flexible assignments and online resources. I highlight collaborations across units and working with students as co-scholars. I present examples of evidence of efficacy of such collaborations. I include online links to templates, step-by-step details and other resources for librarians, teaching faculty and other colleagues to use or adapt.
Maintaining optimism and instilling hope: The work of academic integrity practitioners and scholars
Authors: Usick Brandy
Published: July 2024

We open the second volume of the journal with a reflection on the state of our world and campuses and the importance of our work as academic integrity practitioners and scholars. We announce the evolution of the journal to include both peer-reviewed research and practitioner articles.
The International Dimension of Academic Integrity: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Openo Jason Aaron
Published: July 2024

Over half a million international students now study in Canada.  This rapid increase in international enrollments has intensified focus on academic integrity because the stakes are high for both international students and the institutions that host them.  Academic integrity violations involving international students may garner scandalous attention, and the international students who become entangled in incidents of academic misconduct face potentially devastating life consequences, including expulsion from academic studies and dishonor in family life.  International students studying in Canada, particularly those whose first language is not English, face several hurdles not experienced by their Canadian counterparts.  Overcoming these cultural barriers is a shared interest and a top strategic priority because academic credentials are a signal that assert students have mastered academic norms of the new culture.  There remains considerable debate surrounding international students regarding their increased likelihood to commit academic integrity violations, and this integrative literature review explores the intersection of academic integrity and international students.  It takes a broad and holistic approach to identify areas of conflict and knowledge gaps, with a focus on successful institutional interventions that proactively reduce the likelihood of academic misconduct.  Little research details efficacious methods to reduce incidents of academic integrity violations involving international students, but taking stock of current interventions provides some guidance to institutions welcoming international students, and the faculty who teach them, so that they can both be successful in addressing academic integrity issues.
Methodological Decisions in Undertaking Academic Integrity Policy Analysis: Considerations for Future Research
Authors: Eaton Sarah Elaine , Stoesz Brenda M. , Thacker Emma J. , Miron Jennifer B.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to share details of the methodological decisions regarding data collection that a researcher or research team may want to consider when undertaking a policy analysis.
Methods: We have undertaken a meticulous documentation of our decision-making processes throughout the research design process.
Results: We provide narrative evidence of what worked for us as a collaborative research team.
Implications: Understanding the decisions we made throughout our research design and implementation may help other research teams, particularly those working as virtual collaborations and/or those undertaking academic integrity policy analysis.
Applying a Holistic Approach to Contract Cheating: A Canadian Response
Authors: Thacker Emma , Clark Angela , Ridgley Andrea
Published: July 2024

This paper traces the development of a contract cheating action plan, introduced by the Academic Integrity Council of Ontario (AICO), Canada. The action plan offers a holistic response to contract cheating, involving multiple and diverse stakeholders from postsecondary education. Created by an AICO subcommittee, three of its founding members detail the action plan and provide a perspective on its strengths, challenges, and ongoing implementation.
Choose your own learning adventure
Authors: Woodford E.D.
Published: July 2024

In higher education, is it necessary for every learner to take the same path through the course to complete the course? Detecting a number of plagiarism instances in a course resulted in the need to research and implement strategies to promote academic integrity. In a reflective study of teaching Indigenous Studies online over the past four years at two different institutions, this paper proposes how designing choices in online learning opportunities can promote academic integrity. Not without challenges, the constraints in implementation encountered over the fours years noted pre-designed online or continuous enrolment online courses where there is inability to personalize content or make revisions and difficulty building a relationship in order to personalize the course experience with larger online class sizes at some institutions and/or faculties.
Promising Practices and Emerging Ideas in Academic Integrity Policy Development
Authors: Ives Cindy , Kier Cheryl A
Published: July 2024

Recently, Athabasca University canvassed faculty, tutors, and students about their perspectives on academic integrity. Responses to open-ended questions were received from 102 faculty and tutors and 146 students, generating hundreds of comments. The survey asked how Athabasca University could improve its policies concerning issues of academic integrity, about satisfaction with how academic violations were treated, on the role of faculty and tutors in encouraging academic integrity, and on how faculty and tutors handled cases of misconduct. As well, we collected suggestions from faculty, tutors, and students for reducing cheating, increasing academic integrity, and other ideas about academic integrity in general. Using content analysis, we categorized these open-ended replies into similar threads. Five general recommendation groupings were extracted: policy and procedures, compliance and commitment, resources, plagiarism detection software, and other. The proposed presentation will focus on two sets of recommendations: policy and procedures and plagiarism detection software. We believe that our work meets the criteria for the call for papers because we are learning from our faculty, tutors and students and are interested in sharing their insights. Although we conducted the study pre-COVID-19, we think the recommendations apply now as much as they did then, and will continue to be useful into the future.
Practice makes perfect (or close enough): Teaching paraphrasing in an undergraduate lab
Authors: Donner Tyler
Published: July 2024

During my time as a lab coordinator for labs of five different undergraduate courses, I have tried many different strategies to reduce incidents of plagiarism in student work. Following a large number of cases (> 50) in the first semester of online lab instruction, I dedicated an entire week of lab activities to teaching and discussing plagiarism, paraphrasing, and citation. In three lab courses at different levels of the undergraduate program, I saw a major reduction in the number of cases of plagiarism detected.
In this session, I will share the activity, facilitate discussion about activities that others have implemented in their courses, and discuss how to adapt this activity to other subject areas.
Student Voices in Academic Integrity
Authors: Hagen Erin , Sander Charlotte
Published: July 2024

In the Spring 2021 semester, Langara College held a student contest inspired by a project created by a Dalhousie instructor, asking students to create fun, creative memes discussing the importance of academic integrity. The contest ran for two weeks, after which finalists were shortlisted and posted to the Langara College Instagram for the winners to be voted on by the College community.
Starting with an introduction to the Academic Integrity Campaign and its goals, the presenters would discuss the goals of the contest and the contest outcomes, including the community interaction with the social media posts. Lastly, they would expand on the future goals of the contests and the campaign itself.
Coming Full Circle: What Happens When Your Class Turns into ‘Real Life’
Authors: Fabian Sheri , Nicolaou Zana
Published: July 2024

In this session, we will share some of the results of my experience with remote teaching and academic misconduct in my 200 seat, Introduction to Canadian Criminal Justice System class, which ran from May to Aug 2020 in the School of Criminology at Simon Fraser University.
In June 2020, I learned quite by chance, that 41 of 200 students cheated on their midterm celebration of learning (ironically it was on the bonus question worth 1 of 90 marks - they looked up the due date of the quiz on academic integrity). After considerable thought, I decided to use course concepts and applied a restorative justice approach in my response and invited students to reach out and take responsibility. The student response was surprisingly encouraging, and I realized I needed to understand what happened more formally. Accordingly, we developed a study to examine student experiences with my response, how it affected their learning and understanding of course concepts and materials, and their feelings about academic integrity in online courses, especially during a global pandemic. My research assistant, Zana Nicolaou, and I will present findings from the 41 survey responses and 5 interviews that examined these questions. Then we will engage in conversation about how we can shift from conversations about academic misconduct to strategies that help us build a culture of academic integrity.
Pens for Hire
Authors: Buerger Geoff E.
Published: July 2024

This is part one of a three part invited article series examining the historical evolution of the “ghost writing” industry, a term that is now widely referred to as “contract cheating.”  This article describes the commercial trade in academic work starting in the 1930s through the term paper mills’ heyday of the mid-1970s. The 1960 investigative reporting of Alex Benson of the New York World-Telegram and The Sun, receives close attention, as does the field of competing firms active at the University of Wisconsin at Madison in 1972. The article concludes with a series of questions to help provoke reflection. These questions can be used as discussion topics in courses with students or within professional development opportunities for educators and practitioners.
A New Framework for Enhancing (Academic) Integrity
Authors: MacLeod Paul
Published: July 2024

Why is academic integrity so important? This might seem like a frivolous question, but it really is not. Academic integrity is crucial if we consider that one of the prime missions of higher education is to help form the intellectual and moral outlook of the future leaders of our society. By so doing, higher education can contribute to societies whose members abide by the rule of law and maintain, for the most part, adherence to a shared legal and moral code. Maintaining the ethical standards of the academy is also crucial to maintaining public trust in our educational institutions but this imperative pales in importance to education’s role in helping to form ethical citizens. Without a shared ethical base, societies can easily slide into rampant corruption and chaos. While there has been significant work done on theoretical frameworks for promoting ethics in higher education, the vast majority of research on academic integrity actually focuses on student motivation to commit academic misconduct and how instructors and institutions can control, or limit this behavior. Current research indicates that this focus on student behavior has not worked. This presentation will present a framework for operationalizing integrity for life on a systems level with research-based guidelines for enhancing individual, institutional, education system and, ultimately, societal integrity while contributing to the development of a more holistic view of academic ethics that will be applicable to the Canadian context and beyond. Participants will take away insights to creating a roadmap to academic integrity in their own institutions and communities. Keywords: Academic integrity; ethics, framework, academic dishonesty, Canada
The Ten Percent Solution
Authors: Wheatley Bronwen
Published: July 2024

The Fall 2020 semester for the University of Calgary's general chemistry course CHEM 201 was completely different from the previous year's Fall semester:  student enrolment had increased, the number of lecture sections offered had decreased, and the course's lectures, labs, and tutorials were all held online.  Planning for CHEM 201 during the summer of 2020 was therefore a completely new experience and the main concerns were the feasibility and accessibility of coursework, and the ever-present concern that the new online format would allow or even encourage students to engage in academic misconduct.  Reflections about preparing for and offering an introductory science course (CHEM 201) to 800 students in an online setting will be presented and the efforts to make academic integrity part of the course design will also be discussed.  In particular, a 10% final exam had an unexpected effect on the structure, management, and delivery of the course.
Editorial: Contract cheating in Canada
Authors: Usick Brandy , Stoesz Brenda M
Published: July 2024

We present the second issue of the fourth volume of the Canadian Perspectives on Academic Integrity (CPAI). This issue consists of an invited historical article about contract cheating and the proceedings from the second Canadian Symposium on Academic Integrity (CSAI) 2021 hosted virtually by Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada.
Academic integrity in Canada: An author panel for this important new book
Authors: Seeland Josh
Published: July 2024

“Academic integrity in Canada: an enduring and essential challenge” is an open-access book recently published by Springer as part of the series “Ethics and Integrity in Educational Contexts”. Edited by scholars Sarah Elaine Eaton and Julia Christensen Hughes, it contains over 600 pages in 31 chapters designed to address the gap in Canada’s study and evidence-based recommendations involving academic integrity. The book is divided into five sections: Canadian context, emerging and prevalent forms of academic misconduct, integrity within specific learning environments and professional programs, barriers and catalysts to academic integrity: multiple perspectives and supports, and institutional responses. In this moderated panel session, several chapter authors as well as Sarah Elaine Eaton will delve into specific aspects of their contributions towards the book. Through the open question and discussion segment, attendees will be inspired to contribute in their own institutional roles towards provincial and, ultimately, the growing Canadian academic integrity community.
Learning Outcomes

Discuss academic integrity culture and initiatives in Canada
Identify ways to make contributions towards academic integrity in various roles and institutions
Reflect on specific aspects of academic integrity covered in individual chapters
Pens for Hire: Part 3
Authors: Buerger Geoffrey E.
Published: July 2024

This is Part 3 of a three part invited article series examining the historical evolution of the contract cheating industry. Parts 1 and 2 were concerned chiefly with the emergence of the commercial trade in academic work in the United States and the varied responses it elicited in that country. This article discusses Canadian attempts to combat that phenomenon, and focusses on York University’s actions against Custom Essay Service in the late 1980s. Part 3 concludes with a series of questions to encourage reflection and discussion with students or educators and practitioners.
Assignment Individualization
Authors: Bateman KC
Published: July 2024

In a rapidly evolving world of technology, it has become easier than ever for students to find the answers to or even have their assignments completed online. Critical thinking and aspects of information literacy have sometimes been replaced by a quick Google search or use of rephrasing software. One-way educators try to counteract this from an academic integrity standpoint is to educate students about academic misconduct. But can we take it a step further? The Assiniboine Community College [ACC] Library has committed to working with colleagues to offer assignment individualization. Rather than simply pointing instructors to the literature which recommends this strategy, Library staff collaborate with instructors and the broader Learning Commons to provide this collaborative service. With each student completing a customized assignment, several forms of academic misconduct are prevented and transversal skills such as critical thinking and information literacy are built in while approaching academic integrity in a holistic way which is anchored in teaching and learning. Having successfully completed assignment individualizations for multiple instructors and programs, ACC’s Library Technician Academic Integrity/Copyright Officer will share successes, challenges, and recommendations for attendees looking to offer this service.
An Attribution Theory Lens on Plagiarism: Examining the Beliefs of Preservice Teachers
Authors: Goegan Lauren D. , Daniels Lia M.
Published: July 2024

Academic misconduct is a prominent issue at postsecondary institutions. This issue includes the act of plagiarism, which has received considerable attention on campuses. There is a growing body of research examining why students engage in plagiarism, and what they know about plagiarism, but little of this research is guided by a theoretical framework. Although all students may be tempted to plagiarize, students in teacher education programs represent a unique population because they are concerned with developing their own academic performance alongside the skills necessary to manage situations of academic misconduct as future teachers. Therefore, our first aim was to examine preservice teachers’ beliefs about plagiarism. Then, following the principles of Attribution Theory, our second aim was to investigate how beliefs of controllability related to acts of plagiarism impacted participants views on responsibility, emotions, help giving, and reporting. We used a within-person repeated measures design with three levels of controllability manipulated through hypothetical scenarios of plagiarism to collect data from 201 preservice teachers. Overall, preservice teachers had strong beliefs about plagiarism. Moreover, when scenarios included students who engaged in plagiarism that was controllable, participants were more likely to view the student as responsible, feel anger towards them, support punishment, and recommend reporting the student, than when the act of plagiarism was not seen as controllable. We provide recommendations for instructors and administrators for supporting students and highlight limitations and directions for future research.