bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissipative effect in liquid under exposure to low-frequency sound vibrations
Authors: Safonov V. A. , Lapa M. V. , Bykovsky Yu. M.
Published: July 2019

The article describes the formation of dissipative structures in a liquid in a metal bowl when exposed to lowfrequency sound vibrations. The fluctuating volumes in a thick layer of liquid, that is, clusters of molecules, which make an oscillatory motion and with a loss of stability occupying a new position in the liquid, are investigated. An external synchronous effect on a group of molecules can lead to increasing oscillations and loss of stability not only inside the liquid, but these groups of molecules can leave the liquid through the free surface.

Friction on the outer surface of a bowl made of a conductive bronze-containing alloy, which initiates the occurrence of sound vibrations, gives rise to the appearance of new structures in the fluid inside the bowl. The thickness of the liquid layer is about 50 mm. The coordinated addition of energy to the oscillating microvolumes of water allows them to release their potential energy and turn it into kinetic. Water droplets ejected vertically indicate the existence of intense vertical movement of individual volumes of fluid which create new structures and cells, like Benard cells, resulting from heating and vertical convection, but smaller sizes. The observed phenomenon is similar to “cold boiling”. Here, probably, the potential energy of the compressed water particles is released under the influence of external sound vibrations. Sound analysis was performed using an audio editor for several experiments of various lengths.

In this work, the dissipative effect in a thick layer of liquid when exposed to low-frequency sound vibrations and the appearance of structures identical to Benard cells in limited volumes of water (and not in a thin layer) is first investigated. It should be assumed that the effect of sound vibrations can lead to blood turbulization and a change in the physical state of living organisms, which in terms of physical effect can be similar to the state of blood boiling with a rapid rise from the depth of the sea. The phenomenon can be used for the intensification of heat and mass transfer in heat exchange installations.
Bulk density and organic carbon contents of soil pedons influenced by different tree species
Authors: Ahukaemere C.M. , Osujieke D.N. , Ugwa V.O. , Ogwuche A.O.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Bulk density and organic matter content of soil are important soil attributes used in predicting the productivity potentials of soil and overall soil quality. The distribution of soils bulk density and organic carbon in horizons of soil pedons under different three tree species (Hevea brasiliensis – rubber, Pentaclethra macrophylla – oil bean and Irvingia gabonensis – ogbono) in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria were investigated. A random survey method was used in field sampling. In all, three profile pits were dug, one in each site. A total of 36 soil samples were collected and analyzed for the study. Samples were collected at different horizon levels (A, AB, Bt1 and Bt2). Three representative samples were collected from each horizon. Bulk density, organic carbon and other routine analyses were performed using routine laboratory techniques. Mean, coefficient of variation and correlation analyses were analyzed. From the results obtained bulk density increased with depth, ranging from 1.05-1.81 g cm-3 in the rubber plantation, 1.02-1.70 g cm-3 in ogbono plantation and 1.11-1.57 g cm-3 in oil bean plantation. Bulk density decreased with the increase the organic carbon content. However, mean bulk density values irrespective of tree species did not exceed critical limits ranging from 1.28 to 1.32 g cm-3 as appropriate. Organic carbon ranged from 0.06-0.89 g kg-1 in rubber plantation, 0.42-0.87 g kg-1 in ogbono plantation and 0.72-1.25 g kg-1 in oil bean plantation. The epipedal horizons contained higher organic carbon than the endo-pedal horizons. The average organic carbon contents of the pedons were lower than the critical value irrespective of the tree species. The oil bean plantation had higher organic carbon and total nitrogen than the ogbono and rubber plantation while the ogbono plantation contained higher available phosphorus than the other two plantations studied.
Narrativas audiovisuais de mulheres negras no youtube e mobilização de processos formativos
Authors: Paz Tatiana , Junqueira Eduardo S.
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo busca-se analisar como os conteúdos das narrativas audiovisuais construídas e compartilhadas por mulheres negras em um site de rede social podem mobilizar processos formativos. As análises apresentadas são baseadas no conteúdo de 12 vídeos postados nos canais de 3 mulheres negras no Youtube e na observação das suas ações em rede, especialmente nesta rede social. A metodologia da pesquisa teve um caráter etnográfico e as principais técnicas de pesquisa foram observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada. As ações dessas mulheres apontam apropriações midiáticas de caráter político, sobre identidades estéticas, que proporcionam processos formativos centrados em seus relatos biográficos, nas suas vivências sócio raciais e na construção de narrativas acerca da formação das identidades de mulheres negras.
Narrativas em diários online: uma pesquisa formação no Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência do Curso de Pedagogia
Authors: Pereira Socorro Aparecida Cabral , Lucena Simone
Published: July 2019

O texto discute sobre a importância das narrativas como estratégia formativa dos bolsistas do Programa de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência, destacando esse espaço multireferrencial de reflexões sobre a prática docente nas escolas, bem como lócus de colaboração vivenciado pelos pares. A partir da experiência empírica com os bolsistas, identificamos o diário online como uma interface potencializadora para o exercício da escrita, a reflexão, e a socialização de dilemas docentes. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa-formação na cibercultura, por possibilitar aos sujeitos aprendentes um olhar sobre si mesmos ao longo de suas vidas, em que a narrativa é destaque, pois ela permitiu aos sujeitos explicitarem a singularidade e perceber o caráter processual da formação e da vida, articulando espaços, tempos e as diferentes dimensões de nós mesmos e no empoderamento do sujeito social contemporâneo.
Racionalidade tecnológica e formação humana em perspectiva: integração das TDIC na educação e o empoderamento Freiriano como possibilidade
Authors: Marfim Lucas , Pesce Lucila
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo situa-se como um estudo teórico-conceitual, que discute como o desenvolvimento e o espraiamento da tecnologia, sob o modo de produção capitalista e condicionados pela racionalidade tecnológica, são parte integrante de um modelo global de organização do poder, que procura conduzir os propósitos de formação humana e afetar decisivamente as políticas públicas educacionais. O texto também evidencia e problematiza as contradições afeitas às transformações socioculturais ocasionadas pela emersão das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC), com vistas a discutir os limites e as possibilidades de sua integração às práticas pedagógicas. Considerando a indissociação entre as atuais práticas ciberculturais, saberes e cidadania, faz emergir a possibilidade de que essa integração seja pautada no empoderamento dos sujeitos (na acepção freireana do termo).
Saturated granular flows: constitutive modelling under steady simple shear conditions
Authors: Vescovi Dalila , Marveggio Pietro , Di Prisco Claudio Giulio
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the authors analyse numerical and experimental results concerning either dry or saturated granular flows under steady, simple shear conditions. A new constitutive model is introduced, on the base of the mixture theory, according to which granular and liquid phases are considered separately. The constitutive relationship refers to the representative elementary volume and assumes that the mean values of all kinematic variables, of both granular and liquid phases, coincide. For the two phases, a parallel scheme is chosen. As regards the granular contribution, the authors employ an already conceived constitutive model where the critical state concept and the kinetic theory of granular gases are merged, and in which the granular temperature plays the role of state variable for the material. Under saturated conditions, the new model accounts for granular–liquid coupling effects. In fact, the liquid viscosity is a function of granular concentration, whereas the evolution of granular temperature is influenced by the liquid molecular viscosity. The model is validated against numerical results and critically discussed. For sufficiently small values of concentration, the transition from a Newtonian to a Bagnoldian regime, for increasing values of strain rate, is correctly reproduced.
Durability of recycled aggregate concrete incorporating slag
Authors: El-Hawary Moetaz , Al-Yaqout Anwar , Nouh Khallad
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the results of experimental research on the durability and performance of various mixes of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) incorporating 25% ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) as a cement replacement. The compressive strength, drying shrinkage, water penetration, water absorption, alkali–aggregate reactivity and sulfate content of the concrete mixes were tested. The results indicated that the addition of mineral slag improved the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of the RACs. The addition of 25% GGBS proved to be efficient in reducing water absorption, alkali–silica reactivity and sulfate attack in RAC. However, the test results showed that the introduction of 25% GGBS is not effective enough to prevent the excessive expansion of the alkali–carbonate reaction in RAC after 1 year of testing. Furthermore, it has an adverse impact on resisting the water penetration and drying shrinkage of the RAC mixes.
Genetic diversity of African clawless otters (Aonyx capensis) occurring in urbanised areas of Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Ponsonby Damian W. , Madisha M. Thabang , Schwaibold Ute , Dalton Desiré L.
Published: July 2019

Genetic diversity is the basis of the evolutionary potential of species to respond to environmental changes. However, restricting the movement of species can result in populations becoming less connected which can reduce gene flow and can subsequently result in a loss of genetic diversity. Urban expansion can lead to the fragmentation of habitats which affects the ability of species to move freely between areas. In this study, the genetic diversity of the African clawless otter (Aonyx capensis) in Gauteng (South Africa) was assessed using non-invasive sampling techniques. DNA was extracted from spraint (faecal) samples collected along nine rivers and genotyped using 10 microsatellites to assess population structure and genetic diversity. Samples were grouped based on locality and by catchment to determine whether isolated subpopulations exist. Genetic diversity of A. capensis in Gauteng was found to be low (mean observed heterozygosity (Ho)=0.309). Analysis of genetic structure provides support for the otter populations being panmictic with high gene flow between populations from different rivers. Results from the study indicate that the movement of A. capensis is not affected by physical barriers in urbanised areas. However, because the genetic diversity of the species in the study area is low, these animals may not be able to cope with future environmental changes.

Significance:

Genetic structure analysis of the sampled Gauteng otter population indicates the population is panmictic; however, a low level of genetic diversity in this population has also been identified and may affect how the population copes with future environmental changes.

Physical restrictions in urbanised areas do not appear to be affecting movement of the species.
Ulusal Varlık Fonlarının Politik Boyutu
Authors: YAMAN İlker , YERELİ Ahmet Burçin
Published: July 2019

21. yüzyılın önemli finansal aktörlerinden biri haline gelen ulusal varlık fonları, devletlerin varlık birikimini korumak ve arttırmak gayesiyle ticari getiri elde etme arayışında olan ve çoğunlukla uzun vadeli yatırım perspektifine sahip devlet mülkiyetindeki yatırım fonlarıdır. Ulusal varlık fonları, yönettikleri varlık hacmi dikkate alındığında hedge fonları ve özel sermaye fonları gibi çok sayıda finansal kurumu geride bırakarak hızla büyüyen yatırımcılar arasındadır. Bu tür fonların 2007-08 Küresel Finans Krizinde aktif bir şekilde rol almaları, hem kendilerine yöneltilen ilginin daha da artmasına hem de kendilerinin detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesine neden olmuştur. Ayrıca küresel finans krizi, ulusal varlık fonlarının faaliyetlerinin riskli olarak görülmesini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Ulusal varlık fonlarının taşıdığı riskler, sağladığı yararlardan daha fazla dikkat çekmekte dolayısıyla bu tür fonlara yönelik bazı kaygılar oluşmaktadır. Ulusal varlık fonlarına yönelik hissedilen kaygılar politik kaygılar, ekonomik kaygılar ve ulusal varlık fonlarının şeffaflığına yönelik kaygılar olarak üç grup altında incelenebilmektedir. Ulusal varlık fonlarının çoğunlukla insan haklarının gelişmemiş olduğu ve demokratik olmayan ülkelerin mülkiyetinde olması bu tür fonların faaliyetlerine kuşkuyla yaklaşılmasına neden olmaktadır. İlaveten bir dizi ulusal varlık fonunun, faaliyetlerini ve kurumsal yapısını açık bir şekilde beyan etmekte ihtiyatlı davranması, bu tür fonlara yönelik düzenleyici ve korumacı önlemlerin alınmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Ulusal varlık fonu yatırımlarının, şirketlerin performansını negatif yönde etkileyeceği ve finansal piyasaların istikrarını bozacağı da sıklıkla dile getirilen eleştirilerdendir. Son yıllardaki deneyimler dikkate alındığında ulusal varlık fonlarının politik amaçlarla hareket ettiğine dair bulgular azınlıkta kalmakta ve bu tür fonların ekonomik güdülerle hareket ettiğine dair bulgular çoğunlukta olmaktadır. Ayrıca ulusal varlık fonlarının gerçekleştirdikleri yatırımlarla finansal piyasaların ve küresel ekonominin istikrarına katkı yaptığını belirten görüşler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Son olarak ulusal varlık fonlarının, yatırım yaptıkları şirketlerin performansını pozitif yönde etkileyebildiğine dair sonuçlara ulaşılmaktadır.
Bayesian detection of piecewise linear trends in replicated time-series with application to growth data modelling v2
Authors: Van Rhijn Norman , Papastamoulis Panagiotis , Furukawa Takanori , Rattray Magnus , Bromley Mike , Bignell Elaine
Published: July 2019

Generally, growth assays for filamentous fungi have been performed on solid media, either as dilution series or spot tests. However, the solid media environment does not accurately mimic the environment encountered during infection (ie the mammalian lung). Previously, we have developed a methodology to perform liquid growth assays in time for A. fumigatus and other filamentous fungi including analysis via mathematical modelling. This protocol is designed for Aspergillus species (and other filamentous fungi) to generate growth curves in liquid media in a 96-well plate. This can be done in high-throughput to generate 96 growth curves per run.
Sexualisation of Women in Nigerian Advertorial English Medium Bill Board
Authors: Opoola Bolanle Tajudeen , Awoniyi Folorunso, Emmanuel
Published: July 2019

This paper surveys sexism in English, citing selected communicative instances in English medium  billboards in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. The photographs and written inscriptions on the selected billboards depict the stereotypical representation of women as weaker species and exertion of men power over women. This was achieved through a critical discourse analysis of visual and verbal language discourses in ten randomly selected English medium billboards selected as sources of gathering data for this research. In Nigeria, billboards are meant for public announcements and advertisements. They also convey information about products and company services. Findings of this research among others reveal that there is asymmetrical power relation in terms of dominance and subordination between men and women as demonstrated by the portrayal of men in terms of physical attribute, such as strength, vigor, and a daring ability, as against the portrayal of women in terms of sex appealing, physical attractiveness as well as concerned with trivial, unserious and playful things. The study advocates for equal treatment of men and women without unnecessary sex differentiation.
A Research on English Translation of Public Signs in Shanxi Province—Based on Three-dimension in Eco-translatology
Authors: Zeng Zhaodong
Published: July 2019

As Shanixi province enjoys rich tourist attractions, there are many problems in English version of public signs in tourism attractions, like mistakes in English usage, unreasonable pragmatic function, obscure cultural transmission and unidiomatic expressions. Based on eco-translatology put forward by Hu Gengshen, the article seeks to explore how to standardize the translation of public signs in Shanxi tourist attractions with linguistic dimension, cultural dimension and communicative dimension and to give some strategies and advice to promote its tourism development.
A Study of Discourse Strategies from the Perspective of Critical Analysis
Authors: Zuo Xinya
Published: July 2019

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a form of reflective inspection of how discourses shape and influence us. It has been applied widely especially in political discourses which analyzes the potential characteristics of language and the social and cultural background generated in the text, committed to exposing the complex relationship between language, power and ideology with the aid of critical thinking. Generally, the theoretical framework of CDA is based on Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics. Halliday believes that language has three metafunctions, namely ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function. These three achievements meet the needs of language users in three aspects including the description of the experience of objective world, the construction of social relations and the organization of discourse. As an important theory in systemic functional grammar, transitive system embodies the ideational function of language, which expresses people’s real world experiences and the inner world in several processes. In addition, this kind of theory is based on the semantic configuration of Actor+Process. Therefore, this paper will make a critical discourse analysis of Donald Trump’s inauguration speech in 2017 from the aspect of linguistic transitive system. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the language skills used by Mr.Trump and the discourse generating patterns of his presidential image, so that we can explore the ideology reflected behind the language and dig into the process of building the image of the president of the United States in Donald Trump’s inauguration speech.
On the Obstacles and Strategies in English Listening Teaching
Authors: Yang Xiaoling
Published: July 2019

Listening comprehension can be affected positively or negatively by various factors. The factors can be identified as internal and external. They are analyzed respectively and several effective strategies are also presented afterward. The barriers to listening are those of language knowledge, listening habits, psychological quality, cultural background and so on. The strategies should be as follows: training students’ listening skills and good habits, laying stress on training psychological quality, broadening the cultural background knowledge, breeding interest on listening, using student-centered teaching method, ect. Due to the disagreements with previous teaching approaches over the past years，listening teaching, step by step, pays heel to the employment of listening strategies and the listening strategies production．
El problema de las fuentes escépticas en el Renacimiento: el caso del Quod nihil scitur de Francisco Sánchez
Authors: Bermúdez Vázquez Manuel
Published: July 2019

Entre las problemáticas que la investigación contemporánea ha tenido que tratar a la hora de analizar la recuperación del escepticismo en el Renacimiento, no solo se encuentra la cuestión de las fuentes que nutrieron esta vena, sino también el tipo de escepticismo que estas fuentes transmitieron. En estas páginas nos proponemos revisar la cuestión de las fuentes que influyeron en la redacción de una de las obras fundamentales del escepticismo renacentista, el Que nada se sabe del tudense Francisco Sánchez.
What Are the Structural Barriers to Planning for Later Life? A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Preston Claire , Drydakis Nick , Forwood Suzanna , Hughes Suzanne , Meads Catherine
Published: July 2019

The rollback of the welfare state in countries such as the UK, coupled with population ageing, have contributed to a situation in which responsibility for older people’s wellbeing is placed more heavily on the individual. This is exemplified in the notion in popular and policy circles that individuals should plan for later life, particularly financially, and a corresponding concern that they are not doing so sufficiently. This scoping review aimed to identify the structural factors which inhibit people from engaging in planning for later life. For the purposes of this review, we characterised planning as the range of activities people deliberately pursue with the aim of achieving desired outcomes in later life. This entails a future, as opposed to shorter-term, goal orientation. In study selection, we focused on planning at mid-life (aged 40 to 60). Systematic and snowball searching identified 2,317 studies, of which 36 were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The review found that limited financial resources were a key barrier to planning. Related factors included: living in rented accommodation, informal caring, and working part-time. A lack of support from employers, industry, regulators and landlords was also found to inhibit planning. The findings suggest that certain sections of society are effectively excluded from planning. This is particularly problematic if popular and policy discourse comes to blame individuals for failing to plan. The review also provides a critical perspective on planning, highlighting a tendency in the literature towards individualistic and productivist interpretations of the concept.
A Critical Perspective on Ageism and Modernization Theory
Authors: De Tavernier Wouter , Naegele Laura , Hess Moritz
Published: July 2019

Modernization theory has often been used to explain country differences in levels of ageism. The commentary at hand questions its usefulness in the analysis of ageism today for two reasons. First, modernization theory was developed to discuss social status of older people, not ageism. Second, social policies and management practices that emerged with industrialization are being rolled back over the last decades. We therefore argue for the reconsideration of the relationship between modernization and ageism and to re-assess it in order to better explain country differences in ageism in the 21st century.
Factors Influencing Learners’ Self –Regulated Learning Skills in a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) Environment
Authors: ALBELBISI Nour Awni , YUSOP Farrah Dina
Published: July 2019

The importance of self-regulation in a MOOC has been extensively discussed in research studies that provide evidence about the significant relationship between self-regulated learning and success in an e-learning environment. Learners with high self-regulated learning are more independent in regulating their learning and have a greater probability of success in their online courses. This study identifies factors that influence self-regulated learning and determines relationships between these factors and self-regulated learning. A conceptual model is proposed for combining success factors for self-regulated learning in a MOOC environment. A research instrument based on the model was designed and administered to six hundred and twenty-two MOOC students enrolled in five universities. Relationships between relevant factors and self-regulated learning were examined using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique, and the statistical findings revealed that three factors - service quality, attitude, and course quality - influence self-regulated learning in a MOOC.
Competitiveness in ODL from Stakeholders’ Perspective: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: KANT Nikhil
Published: July 2019

Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in higher education has gained momentum in previous decades. ODL institutions too require competitiveness in the market place of educational products/ services through their capabilities and core competencies by adopting cost and/or differentiation strategy, especially due to the increasing competition arising from the existence of large number of institutions with similar objectives. The competition has further increased due to Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization, virtually collapsing the boundaries to access education being offered from any other country; technological developments; changes in demographics, societal & economic structures; and most importantly emergence of online institutions with different nomenclatures. ODL institutions in India are in dire need of making strategic efforts to create and maintain sustainability in competitiveness by reaching out to larger sections of different stakeholders to satisfy their needs/ expectations in view of the huge untapped potential in India and abroad. All stakeholders are not equally important and influential and their identification is a critical step in selecting appropriate strategy for achieving competitiveness. This study sets the research agenda on the topic of competitiveness in ODL in higher education from the perspective of the relevant stakeholders and not learners only, with the help of Systematic Literature Review (SLR), showcasing the findings to provide the future research framework with a deeper understanding of ODL, Competitiveness, stakeholders and their interrelations in the Indian context.
Lengua materna, cultura y rendimiento en un contexto multicultural de Educación Infantil
Authors: Mateos-Claros Francisco , Olmedo-Ruiz F. Javier , Esteban-Ibáñez Macarena , Amador Luís V.
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo analiza las diferencias de rendimiento debidas a las diversas lenguas y culturas en la sociedad multicultural. El problema de la desventaja lingüística distorsiona el rendimiento educativo provocando una disminución para aquel alumnado cuya lengua materna y cultura no coincide con la oficial. Para conocer estas diferencias se utilizó una muestra de 501 alumnos del tercer curso de Educación Infantil, a los que se midió el grado de adquisición de los aspectos competenciales de las áreas de comunicación y lenguaje, social y motriz. Los resultados demuestran como la lengua materna es un factor de diferenciación del rendimiento en este periodo. Estas diferencias, constatadas en todas las áreas, son mayores en el área de comunicación y lenguaje que en el ámbito social y motriz. Se verifica que se establecen diferencias entre el alumnado de cultura de origen cristiano y musulmán
Remote Sensing Identification of Possible Meteorite Impact Crater on Ciletuh, West Java
Authors: Ummah Khairul , Sukiyah Emi , Rosana Mega Fatimah , CSS Syah Alam Boy Yoseph
Published: July 2019

Ciletuh is a geopark area in West Java that has a semicircle-shaped cliff called mega-amphitheater. Morphogenesis of the amphitheater is still unknown. One possible cause is a meteorite impact that triggered a mega slump. This study aims to collect the evidence of meteorite impact. It has significant value for the geology of Indonesia since this region not yet has confirmed impact crater. In this research, image analysis from satellite remote sensing is used for identification of meteorite impact geomorphology. An analysis based on DEM unveils a ring morphology, a possible clue of an impact crater. The depression zone surrounded by a circular shape with an uplift area in the middle resembles characteristics of the complex impact crater. Meandering Ciletuh river indicates a compression due to a slump towards the southwest. Reconstruction of possible position toward the northeast (before slump deformation occurred) shows a clearer possible meteorite impact crater. A ground checking of identified structure proves that a bowl-shaped morphology found at the possible impact crater. Some steep dip structures have found, these might be due to an impact that causes the orientation of the structure to be upright. A stone that resembles the shatter-cone is found in the mí©lange area. The mí©lange is believed as a product of a sea trench million years ago. By using meteorite impact theory, it is also possible that the mí©lange is a kind of impact breccia. This feature adds uniqueness to Ciletuh as a geopark.
Antibacterial Inactivation of Escherichia coli after TiO2-Fe3O4-Bentonite Photocatalytic Treatment
Authors: Widi Restu Kartiko , Savitri Emma , Angelina Olivia , Caroline O. J Sherlly , Budhyantoro Arief
Published: July 2019

TiO2-Fe3O4-Bentonite photocatalytic material has been developed to inactivate of Escherichia coli. The syntheses of the TiO2-Fe3O4 based photocatalyst have been carried out by sol-gel method. The bentonite used for porous support was obtained from Pacitan, Indonesia. The photocatalyst material will capture energy of UV radiation followed by the electron excitation and oxidation-reduction reactions. Because of the processes, the various types of pollutants and microorganisms can be decomposed and reduced. The electron excitation will induce the formation of hydroxyl radical and O2. These radicals are responsible to decompose the cell wall of bacteria and further damage the bacteria’s cytoplasmic membrane. Decomposing of cytoplasmic membrane causes lipid peroxidation in the membrane, and then losing their viability. It is followed by the death of bacterial cell. This study conducted a series of Escherichia coli inactivation by using photocatalyst material of TiO2-Fe3O4-Bentonite which was irradiated with UV light. The photocatalytic inactivation of Escherichia coli was conducted in a reactor under ultraviolet (325 nm) exposing. The photocatalytic degradation was observed for 5 hours to determine the optimum initial bacteria concentration, intensity of UV light and also photocatalyst concentration. The inactivation kinetic was approached by Chick-Watson and Hom kinetic models. The colonies calculations were conducted by Total Plate Count. The optimum condition was achieved for 300 minutes process to reach 7 bacterial log reduction units for an average bacterial inoculum size of 3.8 í— 104 CFU/ml. All disinfection experiments showed a non-linear bacterial inactivation kinetic profile, which is started with shoulder lag followed by a log reduction and the tailing curve. The inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli using TiO2-Fe3O4-Bentonitephotocatalytic material system satisfactorily obeyed the Hom kinetic model.
Inner-Canthus Localization of Thermal Images in Face-View Invariant
Authors: Fitriyah Hurriyatul , Widasari Edita Rosana , Mardi Putri Rekyan Regasari
Published: July 2019

Inner-canthus localization has played an essential role in measuring human body temperature. This is due to the theory that human core body temperature can be measured in the inner-canthus. Such measurement is useful for mass screening since it is non-contact, non-invasive and fast. This paper presents an algorithm that has been developed to locate the inner-canthus. The algorithm proposed a robust method in various face-view, i.e., frontal, sided and tilted. The algorithm consisted of: face segmentation, determining face-orientation, rotating face into straight view, eye localization, and inner-canthus localization. The face segmentation used human temperature threshold of 34°C — the face orientation used trend line of a middle point between each most-bottom and most-top coordinates. The face rotation was based on the gradient of the trend line. Once the face is rotated, the eye location was determined using facial proportion. The inner-canthus location was determined as the highest intensities in the eye-frame. The test on 15 thermal images of faces with various view showed localization accuracy of 80% for eye-frame determination and 100% for inner-canthus localization.
Logical Approach: Consistency Rules between Activity Diagram and Class Diagram
Authors: Sulaiman Noraini , Syed Ahmad Sharifah Sakinah , Ahmad Sabrina
Published: July 2019

Requirements engineering (RE) is a fundamental in software development process. Requirements engineering encompasses activities ranging from requirements elicitation and analysis to specification, verification and validation. Poor requirements have been proved to be a major cause of software problems such as cost overruns, delivery delays, failure to meet expectation and degradation. Requirements validation especially models validation has gained quite an interest from a lot of researchers. In recent times, several researchers have expressed a great deal of interest in requirements validation, specifically models validation. The field of research related to consistency checking has undergone a considerable boom from time to time. Numerous methods, approaches and techniques have been recommended to address the requirements inconsistency issues, particularly in models validation. In the software development industry, UML modelling has been extensively used. The different forms of the UML model that characterise the system from various perspectives somehow establish a relation among the models to keep them inseparable from one another. This is the reason why the inconsistency becomes unavoidable. The inconsistency in the models arises when there is an overlap of the elements of the various models representing the different parts of the system and an absence of cooperation. In this paper, the emphasis is given on the consistency rules that exist between the two models. The focus is also on the class diagrams and activity, and the conversion of the rules into logical predicates, where the logical predicates are assessed with a sample case study that constitutes of the two models.
Use of organic waste as an alternative organic fertilizer and synthetic fertilizer to ameliorate acid soil productivity
Authors: Ermadani - , Hermansah - , Yulnafatmawita - , Syarif Auzar , Lenin Ismon
Published: July 2019

Liquid waste generated in large quantities in the palm oil mill has low pH and high organic content and its use as an organic amendment could offer an environmentally friendly management strategy. This pot experiment aimed to evaluate the impact of organic waste of the liquid waste from the palm oil mill and synthetic fertilizer on organic carbon and nutrients of an acid soil and soybean yield. The treatments consisted of no synthetic fertilizers, half recommended dose of synthetic fertilizers (0.5R), synthetic fertilizers as recommended 50 kg ha-1 Urea + 200 kg ha-1 SP-36 + 150 kg ha-1 KCl (R) and organic waste with doses of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern and three replications. The results demonstrated that there was no significant interaction on soil chemical characteristics by the addition of organic waste and synthetic fertilizers. However, organic waste addition increased soil pH, total organic C, labile organic C, humic acid C, total N, available P, exchangeable K, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), whereas synthetic fertilizer addition only increased available P and exchangeable K. Exchangeable Al was significantly reduced by organic waste while significant effect didn’t occur with synthetic fertilizers.  The treatment of organic waste increased total organic C content by 7-24%. A larger sensitivity was indicated by labile organic C compared to total organic C and humic acid C so that labile organic C is a better indicator of alterations of soil organic C owing to organic waste treatment. The treatment of organic waste and synthetic fertilizers showed significant interactions on the dry weight of soybean seed, shoot, and root. The addition of synthetic fertilizers without organic waste increased the dry weight of the soybean seed, shoot and  root by 133%, 133% and 140% respectively, while with the addition of 15 t ha-1 organic waste combined with synthetic fertilizer, enhancements by 262%, 261%, and 206% in the dry weight of seed, shoot and  root were respectively found.
Study of Elastic Modulus Determination of Polymers with Ultrasonic Method
Authors: Sasmita Firmansyah , Tarigan Tania Zefanya S. , Judawisastra Hermawan , Priambodo Toni Agung
Published: July 2019

Elastic modulus is one of the mechanical properties of the material that often used in industry or research field as a benchmark to determine materials’ performance in term of withstanding load without being deformed. Destructive testing is perpetually used to determine this property. However, destructive testing needs a sample, and in situ testing is implausible. Various types of materials are used in the production process of the industry, e.g., polymers. Polymers have time-dependent properties, which can result in high variety value. By principle, ultrasonic inspection, which depends on sound velocity and density of materials, can be used to determine elastic modulus. Ultrasonic test with through-transmission method has been studied to determine elastic modulus and dynamic elastic modulus for polymers. For the sake of quality control and engineering design, ultrasonic pulse-echo contact is preferable. Ultrasonic testing was conducted with GE USM 35X device, which is a Pulse-Echo method and also contact method type of ultrasonic testing machine. Experiments were conducted on several types of polymers with frequency and thickness as experiment parameters. With an input of specimens’ thickness, materials’ sound velocity (Î½) could be obtained. Thus results of Î½ were counted to attain the elastic modulus. Comparison between ultrasonic testing results and mechanical testing results of polymers’ elastic modulus were performed to analyze the data. In this research, elastic modulus value obtained from the ultrasonic test has a profound error, up to 65% (minimum) and 388% (maximum), especially for a polymer with an eminently low density. Further research should be conducted because of the attenuation effect. Also, lower probe frequency eases the detection of alternating ultrasonic wave. Specimens’ thickness adjusted with near-field calculation can eliminate the near-field effect, which is a natural phenomenon of the ultrasonic wave. However, it would not have yielded an accurate value because an excessive thickness will give an attenuation effect.
Evaluation of Full Interaction Composite Columns Subjected to Static and Dynamic Loading
Authors: Hamood Mohammed J. , Abdul Husain Zinah Asaad , Ghaddar Maha Ghalib
Published: July 2019

Composite column such as other columns made from two or more materials worked as partially or fully. The composite column consists of hot steel section with filled reinforced concrete behaving as compression member and mainly to resisting axial force and moments. The high strength capacity of composite columns with a reduction in cross-sectional area as compared with the reinforced concrete columns gave benefits to adopt this type of construction in building, especially in high-rise and complex buildings. In this paper, an evaluation of composite columns under the effects of static and dynamic loadings to check the adequacy of such composite column that analyzed and designed under static load and then after subjected to dynamic load. Theoretical analysis and numerical solution by finite element approach through ANSYS software program are adopted and assumed that full interactions between reinforced concrete and steel section to check out the performance of composite column taking into account parameters such as loading type as static and dynamic loading, concrete type and method of analysis as modal and harmonic dynamic loading. The results showed that the increasing of core concrete strength delayed the occurrence of local buckling of steel tube. Therefore, the harmonic analysis must be taken into account to check out in the analysis and adopted in the design of composite column in case of the presence of this type of dynamic loading because of the performance of the column is different under this type of loading.
Fuzzy Rule Interpolation and SNMP-MIB for Emerging Network Abnormality
Authors: Almseidin Mohammad , Al-kasassbeh Mouhammd , Kovacs Szilveszter
Published: July 2019

It is difficult to implement an efficient detection approach for Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and many factors contribute to this challenge. One such challenge concerns establishing adequate boundaries and finding a proper data source. Typical IDS detection approaches deal with raw traffics. These traffics need to be studied in depth and thoroughly investigated in order to extract the required knowledge base. Another challenge involves implementing the binary decision. This is because there are no reasonable limits between normal and attack traffics patterns. In this paper, we introduce a novel idea capable of supporting the proper data source while avoiding the issues associated with the binary decision. This paper aims to introduce a detection approach for defining abnormality by using the Fuzzy Rule Interpolation (FRI) with Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Information Base (MIB) parameters. The strength of the proposed detection approach is based on adapting the SNMP-MIB parameters with the FRI.  This proposed method eliminates the raw traffic processing component which is time consuming and requires extensive computational measures. It also eliminates the need for a complete fuzzy rule based intrusion definition. The proposed approach was tested and evaluated using an open source SNMP-MIB dataset and obtained a 93% detection rate. Additionally, when compared to other literature in which the same test-bed environment was employed along with the same number of parameters, the proposed detection approach outperformed the support vector machine and neural network. Therefore, combining the SNMP-MIB parameters with the FRI based reasoning could be beneficial for detecting intrusions, even in the case if the fuzzy rule based intrusion definition is incomplete (not fully defined).
The Glycemic Index (GI) of Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi var-mayuen) on Processed Products
Authors: Tensiska - , Setiasih Imas Siti , Suprijana O. , Qosim Warid Ali , Cahyana Yana
Published: July 2019

Adlay or Job’s tears (Coix lachryma-jobi var ma-yuen) is one of minor cereals that is not used widely in Indonesia. Research on Adlay as a source of carbohydrate for diabetes patient is rarely found. Diabetes patient needs low Glycemic Index (GI) carbohydrate. As a source of carbohydrate for diabetes, Adlay has not yet been explored. The objective of this research was to determine Adlay processing method, which resulted in low GI product. In this research, first of all, Adlay was processed in three different treatments: (1) cooked with excessive water, like cooking rice; (2) puffed; and (3) flaked. The GI and gelatinization degree of the three types of processed products were then analyzed. Second of all, the ratio of margarine and sucrose in the Adlay flour and the ratio of water and coconut milk in flake products were determined. Biscuits and flakes were then analyzed using hedonic test involving 20 panelists to determine the preferred taste, flavor, texture, and appearance. The GI was then analyzed on the best result gained based on this test. The result showed that the processing method which resulted in low GI was flake (GI 51.3), with gelatinization degree of 35.6 %. Also, based on hedonic test, biscuits which were made of Adlay flour with margarine and sucrose ratio of 1:0.75 was the best one. Meanwhile, the best water and coconut milk ratio was 1: 1.  The GIs of both biscuits (GI 40) and flake (GI 36) was low (< 55).
Effects of Leucaena leucocephala Supplementation to Total Mixed Ration Based on Ammoniated Rice Straw Onfiber Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics in vitro
Authors: Ningrat Rusmana Wijaya Setia , Zain Mardiati , Erpomen - , Putri Ezi Masdia , Makmur Malik
Published: July 2019

Legume is a feed ingredient that contains high protein for ruminants. The tannin content in legumes can provide a bypass protein for ruminants. This study was done to find out the effect of legume supplementation (Leucaena leucocephala) on fiber digestibility, characteristic rumen, protozoa population and methane production from total mixed ration (TMR) based on ammoniated rice straw. The study was conducted in vitro using a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment was A. 40% ammoniated rice straw + 60% concentrate, B. 40% ammoniated rice straw + 50% concentrate + 10% L. leucocephala, C. 40% ammoniated rice straw + 40% concentrate +10, + 20% L.leucocephala.The results showed that the addition of L. leucocephala increased digestibility of NDF, ADF, and Cellulose,  RUP (rumen undegradable protein) and reduced protozoa population and methane production (p <0.05). Increased doses of L.leucocephala up to 20% reduce fiber digestibility of feed substances compared to a dose of 10% but are still higher than controls. The results of this study concluded that L.leucocephala supplementation in TMR based on ammoniated rice straw in vitro improved digestibility, fermentability, and reduced methane gas production. Supplementation of 10% and 20% L. leucocephala needs further research, to see the effect on livestock in vivo.
Water Potential Management and Arrangement of River Estuary Area for the Mitigation of the Climate Change in Bali
Authors: Eryani I Gusti Agung Putu , Runa I Wayan , Jayantari Made Widya
Published: July 2019

The impact of climate change in the form of rising temperatures, rising water levels, water pollution and extreme climate events are vulnerable to the potential of water resources in various sectors of life. The aim of this research is to build a method for managing water potential in river estuaries and arrangement the river estuary area for mitigation of the effects of climate change on water resources in the estuary area, especially in Bali. The method of this research is qualitative research on phenomenology that is happening. Data is collected in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data consists of environmental conditions in river estuaries related to climate change that occur, while secondary data in the form of water potential, water quality and land changes are obtained from various related instances. The results of the research found that watersheds on Bali Island are potential watersheds that can be used as raw water sources for both clean water and irrigation water. However, changes in land functions and climate change can cause some negative impacts on the potential and environmental conditions of estuary water resources such as floods, droughts, landslides, pollution of water by pollutants and sedimentation. Mitigation actions that must be taken to reduce the risk for the condition of water resources in river estuaries in Bali due to climate change are managing water potential by managing water systems, conducting water-saving campaigns, integrated management of water availability and needs, environment-based management, strengthening institutions in management of water resources, and the need to regulate cropping patterns right in the river estuary. While in terms of arrangement river estuary area there are several mitigation actions that can be carried out such as the construction of dikes around the estuary area, the construction of reservoirs, the construction of monitoring posts for river estuary conditions and the preservation of deforested areas around river estuary.