bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAMORA MACHEL, PRESIDENTE ENGAJADO NA EDUCAÇÃO EM MOÇAMBIQUE UM RECORTE DA SUA GOVERNAÇÃO ENTRE 1970 E 1975
Authors: Mandlate Celso Daniel , Souza Josefa Eliana
Published: June 2021

A preocupação pela luta de libertação contra o regime colonial português em Moçambique teve como foco conseguir a unidade nacional, e foi possível através da união das massas. “Educar o Homem para vencer a Guerra, criar uma sociedade nova e desenvolver a pátria” Machel, (1979), mensagem do lema na 2ª Conferência do Departamento da Educação e Cultura (DEC) em 1970. Pretende-se descrever e refletir sobre projeto educacional na perspectiva samoriana[1]em Moçambique. Na produção do trabalho, nos cingimos na pesquisa bibliográfica e biográfica. Segundo (TREINTA.F. T. at al., 2014, p.9).“pesquisa Bibliográfica consiste na seleção e a priorização de um conjunto de dados que represente o estado da arte do assunto pesquisado”. Samora Machel, contribui bastante para a educação em Moçambique, através da sua politica socialista com maior foco na educação das massas e luta contra o analfabetismo.[1] Usaremos esta expressão para nos referir à ideologia da política educacional de Samora Machel.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE EXPERIÊNCIAS DO ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA INDÍGENA EM UMA PERSPECTIVA DECOLONIAL
Authors: Gohl Helena Fediuk , Da Silva Cristiani Bereta
Published: June 2021

Este artigo é resultado do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado II e III realizado com a turma 81 na escola Padre Anchieta, em Florianópolis, no ano letivo de 2019. A discussão apresenta a investigação realizada nesse âmbito sobre recepções de estudantes da história indígena por meio de uma pedagogia decolonial, voltada para as narrativas dos próprios sujeitos e suas diversas formas de ser, estar e se colocar no mundo. A temática indígena foi abordada durante três semanas, totalizando nove aulas nas quais priorizou-se a utilização de mídias audiovisuais, reportagens e notícias atuais. Tendo em mente recentes ponderações relativas a implementação da Lei 11.645/2008 analisou-se as atividades propostas e as respostas dos estudantes à metodologia. Nessa direção manteve-se sempre em foco o caráter múltiplo e singular das experiências, o que conduziu a construção de novos caminhos e diversas encruzilhadas.Palavras-chave: pedagogia decolonial; ensino de História; história indígena.
The state and main directions of onion crop breeding of FSBSI FSVC
Authors: Krivenkov L. V. , Agafonov A. F. , Logunova V. V. , Seredin T. M.
Published: June 2021

The article presents information about the research directions, the results of work and achievements in the selection of onion crops in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center". Brief historical information is given about the work of the outstanding scientists who headed the laboratory – V.V. Ordynsky, A.D. Plinka, I. I. Yershov, A.F. Agafonov. At present, new varieties and hybrids of onion crops of domestic selection that meet all the requirements are required for industrial production.The FSBSI FSVC is working on studying the breeding material of onion crops and identifying promising ones with a complex of economically valuable characteristics for creating fundamentally new, competitive varieties and hybrids for various zones of the Russian Federation. Selection of individual types of bows is carried out: onions – for early maturation, consistently high yield, high dry matter content (17-22%), keeping quality, resistance to peronosporosis, cervical and bacterial rot, with a different rate of reaction to the length of the day, for winter and spring crops, in sowing culture – with a cold method of storing sowing, good keeping quality; perennial onions – winter hardiness, high productivity of green mass, high content of biologically active substances and high resistance to diseases; winter garlic – winter hardiness, yield, resistance to fusarium and bacteriosis, keeping quality during storage; spring garlic – high yield of large cloves, high shelf life; shallots –ultra-fast ripeness, high productivity, keeping quality during storage. The results of the long-term work of the FSVC were 140 varieties of 16 types of onion crops of various uses. Modern varieties of onion for industrial cultivation were created and submitted to the State Variety Testing in 2020: F1 Drakon, AFBAK.
Results and promising areas of research with onion crops in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Kupreenko N. P.
Published: June 2021

Relevance. Providing the country's population with a variety of vegetable products is the most important socio-economic task in the Republic of Belarus. It is necessary not only to increase the production of vegetables, but also to significantly expand their range. In connection with the trend of decline in industrial production of onions, the issue of ensuring the sowing of onions in the annual culture of seeds from domestic varieties and hybrids is relevant. Also in Belarus, the problem is the provision of garlic to the population of the country.

Results. In the article summarizes the results of scientific research on the breeding and development of technologies for the cultivation of onion crops in Belarus, analyzed the main and promising areas of work. Data on the results of competitive sorting of new varieties and hybrids of onion and leek, the main technological parameters of growing garlic and leeks are given.
Results of the research of onion in the annual culture in the conditions of the Priobskaya zone of the Altai Territory
Authors: Zharkova S. V. , Shishkina E. V.
Published: June 2021

Relevance. In the Western Siberia conditions bulb onion is grown mainly from onion sets. With this method of cultivation, large costs are spent on growing and storing the onion sets. In this regard, the cultivation of it through the seeds is of particular importance. This problem has not been studied enough in Priobskaya zone of Altai Territory conditions.

Materials and methods. In our research, we studied the influence of cultivation conditions on the formation of economically valuable traits of varieties and a hybrid of bulb onion grown by sowing seeds in the ground in Priobskaya zone of Altai Territory. Three varieties were taken as objects of research: Odnoletniy Sibirskiy, Zolotnichok, Odintsovets, and one Candy F1 hybrid.

Results. On average, over the years of research on early maturity, the standard Odnoletniy Sibirskiy variety (87-88 days) showed itself to be the most early maturing. Candy F1 hybrid can be used as a source of early green mass. Leaf regrowth was the earliest of all onion samples studied. The largest leaf apparatus in the conditions of Priobskaya zone of Altai Territory is formed by the varieties Odintsovets (4.1 pieces per plant) and Odnoletniy Sibirskiy (3.8 pieces per plant). The maximum bulb mass was formed by the Candy F1 hybrid (51.5 g). The Candy F1 hybrid also was distinguished by the highest yield in the group of the studied samples. The increase in total yield was 5.1 t/ha, marketable 2.4 t/ha in relation to the standard. The maximum marketability in the experience was in the standard (80.9%).
Comparative evaluation of collection varieties of winter garlic by yield
Authors: Skorina V. V. , Kakhtsiankova I. G.
Published: June 2021

Relevance. To produce garlic for use both in the domestic and foreign markets, there is no required number of high-yielding varieties with large onions and a small number of cloves, as well as resistant to new growing conditions. In selection with a culture of garlic, in addition to zoned varieties, it is advisable to use local improved forms, however, the morphobiological characteristics of garlic can change depending on the growing conditions and, as a result, plants can die, reduce resistance, productivity and quality indicators, which depend on the breeding and genetic characteristics of the variety.

Methods. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Horticulture, UO BSAA. The 67 samples of winter garlic were studied. The collection material consisted of varieties and clones that were selected from six regions of Belarus. The Belovezhsky variety was used as a control.

Results. According to the results of the studies, the best in terms of bulb weight, number of cloves in the bulb, clove weight and yield were selected samples – AM1–18, OR3–18, OP5–18, MM1–18, UG–18, ЮM1–18, 2000–18, MГ1–18, DM–18, MГ4–18, varieties Agaton, Antonik, Gorets, Soyuz, Junior.
Influence ofmother onion planting time on the yield and sowing its qualities onion seeds
Authors: Kadirov U. A. , Aramov M. Kh.
Published: June 2021

Relevance. In Uzbekistan, especially in the south of the republic, in recent years, early ripe varieties of onion Sumbula, Ravnak, Bakhora have become widespread. However, the technology of seed production of early maturing varieties has not been developed. In this regard, several studies were carried out to identify the optimal time for planting the mother plants of the early maturing onion variety Sumbula by using the favorable climatic conditions of southern Uzbekistan.

Material and methodology. The material for the research was the early ripe onion variety Sumbula, bred by the Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Crops and Potatoes. The studies were carried out according to the Methodological guidelines for the ecological testing of vegetable crops in the open field etc. The dates of seed planting were studied.

Results. Studies have shown that the highest seed yield (0.97 t/ha) was obtained in the early autumn planting of mother plants on September 1. It was 20% more than in the control variant – September 15. At later planting dates, the seed yield decreases sharply.When mother plants were planted on October 30, the seed yield was only 0,46 t/ha, or 59.7% of the control.The yield of onion seeds increases, mainly due to the more powerful development of plants during early autumn planting – the formation of large leaves, inflorescences, and additional arrows. The more large and powerful leaves, the more plants have the ability to synthesize plastic substances in the process of photosynthesis and accumulate a high yield.
Development of technology elements for growing leek seedlings for open ground in the Non-Chernozem zone
Authors: Terekhova V. I. , Konstantinovich A. V. , Dyikanova M. E. , Vorobiev M. V. , Bogdanova V. D.
Published: June 2021

Relevance and methods. Leek is one of the most promising onion crops for industrial cultivation in the Non-Chernozem zone, which has medicinal properties and high nutritional value. The results of studying the technological features of leek cultivation in the open ground of the Moscow region are presented. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 on the territory of the “Vegetable Experimental Station named after V.I. Edelstein". We studied the influence of the feeding area of leek seedlings on the biometric parameters of plants and the quality of products. The object of the study is the variety Karantansky, experimental options: 1) seedling feeding area – 6 cm2 (control), 2) seedling feeding area – 8 cm2 , 3) seedling feeding area – 10 cm2 . The objects of research to study the content of ascorbic acid were leek varieties: late-ripening – Karantansky (standard), Bandit, Dobry Molodets, mid-ripening – Columbus, Hobot slona.

Results. It is noted that the feeding area during the seedling period does not significantly affect the biometric parameters of leek plants: leaf area, plant weight, leek pseudostems diameter. Therefore, during the period of growing seedlings, from the point of view of rational use of the area in the seedling department, it is recommended to use the minimum feeding area – 6 cm2 . It was also found that the studied varieties accumulate ascorbic acid in different ways in various plant organs. The maximum content of ascorbic acid was noted in the leek pseudostems of the control late-ripening variety Karantanskiy – 23.6 mg%. The minimum values are for Dobry Molodets (11.8 mg%) and Hobot Slona (11.9 mg%).
Evolution of Monetary Policy in Peru: An Empirical Application using a Mixture Innovation TVP-VAR-SV Model
Authors: Portilla Jonatán , Rodríguez Gabriel
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza la evolución de la política monetaria (PM) en Perú en 1996T1-2016T4 utilizando un modelo autorregresivo de vectores de parámetros variables en el tiempo de innovación mixta con volatilidad estocástica (TVP-VAR-SV) propuesto por Koop et al. (2009). Los principales resultados empíricos son: (i) los coeficientes VAR y las volatilidades cambian más gradualmente que los errores de covarianza en el tiempo; (ii) la volatilidad de los shocks de PM fue mayor bajo el régimen de Metas de Preinflación (IT); (iii) un aumento sorpresivo de la tasa de interés produce caídas en el crecimiento del PIB y reduce la inactivación en el largo plazo; (iv) la tasa de interés reacciona más rápidamente a los choques de oferta agregada (AS) que a los choques de demanda agregada (DA); (v) Los shocks de MP explican un alto porcentaje del comportamiento de las variables domésticas bajo el régimen anterior a TI, pero su contribución disminuye bajo el régimen de TI.
Investigación y desarrollo, tecnologías de información y comunicación e impactos sobre el proceso de innovación y la productividad
Authors: Tello Mario
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo analiza y estima el impacto de la inversión en I&D (interna y externa) sobre el proceso de innovación y productividad laboral para una muestra de empresas formales manufactureras del periodo 2009-2014. Otros factores, como el uso e importancia de las TICs, también son analizados. En términos del proceso histórico, la modernización de las empresas requiere apoyo externo para mejorar la posición competitiva de las mismas. Empresas ‘del pasado’ se concentraban en el apoyo de I&D interno para evitar la competencia. A pesar de dicho proceso, la evidencia reportada en el trabajo sugiere que en promedio, las empresas manufactureras en el Perú no están aprovechando las ventajas de las actividades de I&D (internas y externas) y de innovación, y continúan dependiendo del capital físico y humano para incrementar la productividad laboral. De otro lado, y en gran parte de las estimaciones, el uso de internet considerado como de mediana y alta importancia por las empresas, incidió positivamente sobre los resultados de la innovación. No obstante, dichos resultados no incidieron de forma preponderante en la productividad laboral de las empresas. Estas evidencias sugieren que se requiera una mayor difusión en los programas de impulsos a las actividades I&D para lograr saltos cualitativos en la productividad empresarial y de la economía como un todo.
Experimentos clásicos de economía. Evidencia de laboratorio de Perú
Authors: López Kristian , Lugon Alejandro
Published: June 2021

En Agosto de 2017 entró en funcionamiento el Laboratorio de Economía Experimental LEEX-PUCP. El laboratorio mantiene una base de participantes (subject pool) usando ORSEE 3.0 y software de interacción basado en Linux y oTree. En este articulo presentamos los resultados de las primeras sesiones experimentales en LEEX-PUCP. Estas sesiones implementaron cuatro experimentos económicos clásicos: el juego del ultimátum, el juego de bienes públicos lineales, el juego de la confianza y el“concurso de belleza” de Keynes.. En general, los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con los patrones de comportamiento en estos juegos hallados en décadas de experimentación, principalmente en Estados Unidos y Europa. Nuestros resultados constituyen una validación del subject pool, el software y los protocolos que se han implementado en el LEEX-PUCP.
La dinámica de la inversión privada. El modelo del acelerador flexible en una economía abierta
Authors: Mendoza Waldo
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo explora un modelo de acelerador flexible en una economía abierta. Esta presentación comienza estableciendo el capital social óptimo del emprendedor, al que se integran los costos de alterar el capital social existente a su nivel objetivo. En términos formales, es un modelo dinámico de tiempo discreto que permite analizar los cambios en las variables exógenas sobre las endógenas en el corto plazo o período de impacto, la transición al equilibrio estacionario y el cambio entre equilibrios estacionarios. Además, el modelo permite realizar dinámicas comparativas; es decir, valorar el impacto de las variables exógenas en la trayectoria de las endógenas.
Empoderamiento de la mujer y demanda por servicios de salud preventivos y de salud reproductiva en el Perú 2015-2018
Authors: Francke Pedro , Quispe Diego
Published: June 2021

En el mundo y en el Perú se ha puesto en primer plano de la agenda la Universalización de la Salud, siendo un área específica de preocupación las necesidades de salud sexual y reproductiva. En el Perú el 85% de las mujeres unidas no desea más hijos o los quiere postergar por 2 o más años, pero apenas 55% usa métodos anticonceptivos modernos, y se calcula en medio millón las mujeres con necesidades insatisfechas de planificación familiar, lo que significa que están en riesgo de quedar embarazadas cuando no lo desean. Un problema central para enfrentar estas necesidades de salud es la debilidad de la demanda efectiva, es decir, las familias y personas en muchos casos no tienen conocimiento, no han internalizado ni tienen como práctica usual el procurar esas atenciones. Nuestra investigación analiza el efecto que tiene el empoderamiento de las mujeres sobre la demanda de atenciones de salud sexual como el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, el despistaje de VIH/SIDA y las consultas ante síntomas básicos de infecciones de trasmisión sexual. Usamos la encuesta ENDES del periodo 2015-2018. Medimos el empoderamiento de la mujer utilizando las respuestas directas de las mujeres, agrupándolas en 4 grandes categorías: decisión sobre las compras del hogar, libertad de movimiento, respeto de la pareja hacia sus deseos y derechos, y autonomía para tomar decisiones sobre su propia salud. Encontramos que el indicador de decisión sobre compras del hogar no resultó significativo o con los signos esperados. La libertad de movimiento de la mujer a un nivel medio incrementa la probabilidad de uso de métodos anticonceptivos modernos y de métodos de decisión de la mujer mas no aumenta el uso de los que son de decisión de la pareja. El respeto de la pareja hacia los deseos y derechos de la mujer influye positivamente en el uso de métodos anticonceptivos modernos y en los de uso de la pareja masculina en particular. El que la mujer tenga mayor autonomía en tomar decisiones respecto de su propia salud resulta el indicador de empoderamiento con resultados más amplios sobre el uso de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva, afectándolos positivamente con excepción del despistaje de VIH/SIDA. Una mirada general muestra que diversos indicadores de empoderamiento de la mujer sí tienen efectos positivos y significativos sobre la demanda por métodos anticonceptivos y servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva. Los efectos son variados, con relaciones diversas entre los distintos ámbitos de empoderamiento de la mujer y los diversos métodos y servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva.
La rabia en América durante el dominio español, S. XVI-XVIII
Authors: Paniagua Pérez Jesús
Published: June 2021

La rabia o hidrofobia es una zoonosis producida por el Lyssavirus, de la familia Rhabdoviridae. Se trata de una enfermedad infecciosa, que ha preocupado desde épocas muy antiguas, por el temor que despertaba en el hombre, y que no se extinguió ni con el descubrimiento de la vacuna en 1885. Nuestro principal objetivo es su estudio en el ámbito de la América hispana, con sus peculiaridades respecto del mundo europeo, tanto en su aparición como desarrollo y solucione médicas y supersticiosas. Por tanto, nos interesarán, además de las manifestaciones de la enfermedad, los aspectos sociales y culturales que generaba, incluso en referencia al criollismo con la promoción de remedios puramente americanos. En consecuencia hemos utilizado una bibliografía selectiva y hemos consultado, bibliotecas, hemerotecas y archivos americanos y españoles, en los que hemos obtenido los materiales necesarios para llegar a unas conclusiones en que se hacen matizaciones a lo ya dicho, especialmente por los científicos experimentales, apreciando el influjo que la enfermedad tenía no solo en el individuo, sino en la sociedad que le rodeaba y en los poderes del estado, obligados a tomar decisiones acordes con el problema.
Litigios por tierra: el caso del Resguardo de Chivatá en la segunda mitad del Siglo XVIII
Authors: Parada Campos Yenny Esperanza
Published: June 2021

En el Virreinato de la Nueva Granada durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, el Resguardo de Chivatá se vio involucrado en una serie de litigios por tierras, relacionados con la confusión en los linderos llevando a la invasión de las tierras comunales por parte de vecinos y la invasión de los indios en las tierras aledañas al resguardo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, a través de la interpretación documental de fuentes primarias, los pleitos alrededor de dicho resguardo, haciendo especial énfasis en el que estuvieron implicados los frailes Agustinos, dada la singularidad que conlleva el pleito con una congregación religiosa. Asimismo, se busca establecer como el conflicto contribuyó de manera indirecta a la continuidad del resguardo, por lo menos hasta principios del siglo XIX. Es así que los naturales no solamente logran conservar el territorio asignado, sino que consiguen que sus linderos se extiendan.
Los debates sobre la justicia en Guatemala 1797-1820
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Centro de Estudios Mayas, Mexico, Sarazúa Pérez Juan Carlos
Published: June 2021

The application of justice was the basis of the legitimacy of the Spanish monarchy in its different territories. The central figure of the King as a distributor of justice has been one of the keys to the study of colonial justice in historiography, building a consolidated field in recent decades. For this reason, some aspects of the debate on the nature of justice in a period of general crisis in the Kingdom of Guatemala (1797-1820) will be addressed. This will allow us to see, in the future, the forms of appropriation and reinterpretation by the population.
Fray Diego de Landa, obispo electo de Yucatán, según su información de legitimidad y nobleza de 1572
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Centro de Estudios Mayas, Mexico, Léon María del Carmen
Published: June 2021

The purpose of publishing this document is to contribute to the knowledge of the fray Diego de Landa’s biography, with the aim of enlightening his election as Yucatán´s Bishop, according to the Trento's Council and in regard to the political guidelines of the Council of the Indies, in spite of his controversial role as a peninsular Maya’s evangelist, during the second half of XVI century.
A Policy Agenda for Legal Education and Training and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Case of England and Wales
Authors: Le Roux-Kemp Andra
Published: June 2021

While the full impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution remains uncertain, it is by now generally accepted that highly intelligent technologies and their applications – such as robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, digitialisation, and big Data – will continue to fundamentally transform all aspects of our occupational and personal lives. Yet, in the realm of higher education policy and specifically with regard to non-STEM disciplines like law, thorough-going engagement with this most recent wave of technological development remains lacking. It is the aim of this article to set a policy agenda for legal education and training that is sensitive to the opportunities and potential negative outfall of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (now exacerbated by COVID-19), while also taking into consideration the distinctive nature of legal education and training in England and Wales. Set against the higher education policy landscape of England and Wales, a number of concrete recommendations are made for bringing legal education and training into the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. These include, for example, a call for the radical transformation of the traditional, linear, and monodisciplinary LLB degree, addressing current and projected skills gaps and skills shortages by way of, inter alia, curriculum reform, and working towards greater mobility of law graduates between different legal jurisdictions and also within one jurisdiction but amongst different roles. These changes are necessary as legal education and training in England and Wales currently leave law graduates ill-equipped for the future labour market and do not adequately value and build on the job-tasks that legal professionals uniquely supply.
A EDUCAÇÃO NÃO FORMAL NAS LICENCIATURAS EM ARTES VISUAIS DA PERSPECTIVA DAS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Honorato Cayo
Published: June 2021

Considerando a publicação da Resolução CNE/CP no 2, de 20 de dezembro de 2019, que trata da BNC-Formação, este artigo retoma o problema do lugar da educação não formal na formação assegurada pelos cursos de Licenciatura em Artes Visuais. Duas problemáticas organizam a sua discussão: (1) a relação entre teoria e prática e (2) a vinculação dos estágios à escola. Assumindo que a possibilidade do estágio na educação não formal é limitada por essa Resolução, o artigo decide por evidenciar suas incongruências, para além de criticar suas formulações. Em suma, se participar das manifestações culturais é uma das competências que o professor deve desenvolver, por que ele não poderia atuar nos espaços que são próprios a essas manifestações?
PARA A PRISÃO!
Authors: Aleixo Daniel Ribeiro Fernandes , Ferreira Pedro Ernesto
Published: June 2021

o presente texto é uma tradução do manifesto publicado no Japão por Tatsumi HIjikata em 1961, originalmente intitulado Keimusho e (刑務所へ). A versão da qual os tradutores se basearam é a publicada em inglês pela revista TDR/The Drama Review Spring 2000, Vol. 44, No. 1 (T165), pp. 43–48. O manifesto Para prisão! Foi escrito com teor surrealista expõe a abordagem de Hijikata às suas inquietações íntimas para com a marginalidade urbana e a perda da inocência na infância a fim de desenvolver uma dança criminal e que considere as trevas presentes dentro de cada corpo. Trata-se de um marco ensaístico após início da sua investigação sobre a concepção da dança butô desde a criação em 1959. Dançar é um exercício continuo de desbravar o que existe de oculto na própria carne e fazê-la se expressar por si só; a dança por ela mesma, a necessidade e a violência de um soldado nu, a arma letal que sonha. Nesse momento, Hijikata inicia seu debruçar sobre o corpo de carne, ou nikutai (肉体).
THE INFLUENCE OF PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARD ZAKAT, INFAQ, AND ALMIGHTY INTEREST IN OVERCOMING POVERTY LEVELS IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY IN YOGYAKARTA)
Authors: Mahendra Taufik Riza , Sarah Yuni , Fitriani Ghina
Published: June 2021

Zakat, infaq and alms are a solution in overcoming the problems of poverty levels and inequality of welfare in Indonesia, which have become problems that continue to be faced today. In Islam, the law for a person to give zakat is obligatory for those who already have assets that reach the nisab in one year. Zakat aims to distribute assets so that there are no social problems, both poverty levels and socio-economic disparities. Meanwhile, infaq and alms in Islam are voluntary. However, if these three activities are carried out on a large scale, it will affect the economic level of a country. The purpose of this research is to see how much someone cares and how much interest is someone in helping other members of society who are less well off and do not have power in the economy. The method used in this research is quantitative-descriptive with multiple linear regression data processing using SPSS 26 analysis tools. The results of the research conducted show that there is an influence of perceptions and attitudes on the interest in zakat, infaq and alms.
FINANCIAL DEEPENING RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Novarinda Vanny Kusuma , Mubin Muhammad Khoirul
Published: June 2021

This article aims to analyze the interaction between financial deepening and economic growth in Indonesia. In this case, it also indirectly analyzes the interaction between the research control variables, namely the interbank money market interest rate and the exchange rate with economic growth in Indonesia. The journal uses secondary data, including taking from the official website of the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia, which is the website of the Republic of Indonesia government. This journal uses an analysis of the interaction between variables in the period 2010-2019. The method used is the VECM method, a method used to explore financing and exchange rates which have a significant negative interaction with economic growth in Indonesia. And the interbank money market interest rate has a significant negative interaction with economic growth in Indonesia. In addition, the financial interior also has directional interactions with the government in Indonesia so that it can be said to follow bidirectional causality.Keywords: Financial Deepening, Economic Growth, VRCM, and bidirectional causality JEL : G320, C320
THE EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE ON CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) EMISSIONS: TOP EMITTERS CASE STUDY
Authors: Nurrahmawati Bela , Kusumawardani Deni
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze how the demographic structure affects carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Top Emitters, namely China, the United States, the European Union (EU-28), India, Indonesia, Russia, Brazil, Japan, Canada, and Mexico. This study uses panel data from ten countries stated in Top Emitters for the period 2000-2014 sourced from the World Resource Institute, World Bank and UNESCO Institute for Statistics. This study uses the Panel Data Regression method with the best model chosen is the Random Effect Model (REM) and four demographic structure variables, namely the dependency ratio, sex ratio, higher education ratio, industrial employment ratio. The results of this study indicate that the dependency ratio, sex ratio, higher education ratio, industrial employment ratio have a significant effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Top Emitters. The results of this study are expected to provide policies that can be implemented by the government.Keywords: Demographic Structure, Top Emitters, Panel Data Regression MethodJEL : I25, O15, Q5
ANALYSIS OF FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION (FLFP) IN EAST JAVA
Authors: Tsaniyah Alfi Hakimatus , Sugiharti Lilik
Published: June 2021

Employment has an important role to support a certain economy.  The number of female workers have increased every year, due to family welfare fulfillment and female role shifting as a head of households. This paper aims to observe the driving factors of female labor force participation in East Java-Indonesia. Logit model is incorporated to estimate the parameters which involved total sample of 23.218 women in productive age which consist of 13.473 working women and the rest of 9.745 non working women in East Java. On the basis of micro data level from National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) 2018, the result shows that age, education level, marital status, head of the household status, household size, rural-urban location, and income have a substantial effect on FLFP in East Java.  Keywords: FLFP, Employment Status, Work Decision, Logit Model.  JEL: J01, J20, J21.
Psychoanalytic listening: Between unconscious and conscious
Authors: Sutanto Limas
Published: June 2021

Psychoanalytic listening can be deployed for enhancing the quality of clinical psychiatric practice. As a clinical skill, it should be teachable throughout the years of psychiatric residency. Nevertheless, the teaching of such important faculty is difficult due to the scarcity of a systematic, relatively structured model that can be used as an underpinning of learning that capability. This article is aimed at fulfilling a part of that lack of teaching methodology. The model offered in this article describes psychoanalytic listening as a mental process initiated by the therapist, which then goes through the patient too, which involves a continuing oscillation of unconscious apprehension and conscious comprehension. This rhythmic proceeding of affectively experiencing and rationally considering will expectedly bring about a mutual understanding between patient and therapist which then facilitates further clinical enterprises.
Allergic Reaction due to Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, How to Manage?
Authors: Nugroho Nur Prasetyo , Kusmiati Tutik
Published: June 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) still becomes a significant health problem in Indonesia. The first-line anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) is still the most effective TB drug, but it can have some side effects. One of them is allergic skin reactions that can affect a patient's compliance. Allergic reactions due to ATD are found in 4-6% of TB cases and are the third most frequent side effect after gastrointestinal and liver function disorder. All first-line ATD can cause allergic reactions. Allergic reactions due to ATD can be mild, such as itching and reddish rashes, to severe and life-threatening rashes, such as anaphylactic shock, Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and Toxic Epidermal Necrotic (TEN). The most important things in the management are identifying and stopping drugs. It includes drug challenge and desensitization of causing drug. Desensitization must be distinguished from drug challenge or provocation tests, which are diagnostic tools. The proper management of ATD allergic reactions can improve compliance and patient's outcomes.
Probiotic-Based Therapy for Active Tuberculosis Infection: The Role of Gut-Lung Axis and Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor
Authors: Sanjiwani Made Indira Dianti , Setiawan Nyoman Budhi Wirananda , Putra Agus Indra Yudhistira Diva , Darwinata Agus Eka
Published: June 2021

Tuberculosis is a global health problem with a total of 1.4 million cases in 2015. Over the last decade, several studies have demonstrated the potential role of gut-lung axis in the treatment of tuberculosis. The exact mechanism of the gut-lung axis on tuberculosis is still unknown, however modulation of the gut-lung axis can be performed via probiotic administration. The administered probiotics are capable of inducing an immunomodulating effect which helps in the process of tuberculosis infection. One of the molecules that can be activated with probiotics and plays a role in tuberculosis infection is granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF can control intracellular production of M. tuberculosis, inflammation in granulomas, and lung tissue reparation. This article aimed to explore the role of the gut-lung axis, GM-CSF, and the potential of probiotic-based therapy on active tuberculosis infection. It was found that probiotics mediate the immune response via the activation of several inflammatory cytokines and interleukins related to lung infection, but not directly with the tuberculosis pathogen. Thus, probiotic-based therapy has the potential to increase immunity during active tuberculosis infection. Further studies to explore the other mechanisms of the gut-lung axis against tuberculosis through probiotic administration need to be performed.
Proses Sosialisasi dan Komunikasi Planned Organizational Change PTAM Giri Menang kepada Karyawan
Authors: Panggita Andariesta Adhani
Published: June 2021

Suatu perubahan dapat terjadi dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat, tidak terkecuali pada ranah organisasi. Perubahan yang terjadi pada suatu organisasi pun tidak serta merta hanya berdampak pada lingkup eksternal saja. Namun, perubahan yang terjadi juga sangat berpengaruh di dalam lingkup internal suatu organisasi yang mengalami perubahan. Pada tahun 2020 lalu, PT. Air Minum Giri Menang yang sebelumnya merupakan perusahaan berbasis Perusahaan Daerah harus berubah menjadi sebuah perusahaan daerah berbasis Perseroan Terbatas (PT). Perubahan tersebut memberikan dampak yang signifikan di dalam internal perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran bagaimana komunikasi internal PTAM Giri Menang dalam Mensosialisasikan Perubahan Organisasi PTAM Giri Menang kepada Karyawan. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan pada perusahaan PTAM Giri Menang yang berdampak pula terhadap perubahan internal perusahaan. Perubahan tersebut dikategorikan sebagai Planned Organizational Change. Perubahan tersebut memunculkan perbedaan makna yang dipahami oleh para karyawan. Muncul reaksi-reaksi karyawan khususnya pada karyawan lama atas dan berdampak pada restrukturasi karyawan. Sehingga, terjadi pula perbedaan strategi yang dilakukan oleh tim manajemen dalam mengkomunikasikan dan mensosialisasikan perubahan organisasi tersebut.
Osmanlılar'da İmamlık Müessesesi ve Vakıflar
Authors: DÖGÜŞ Necati
Published: June 2021

Osmanlı Devleti’nde Müslüman topluma hizmet veren kadrolar içerisinde oldukça geniş bir yer tutan imamlar devletin sonuna kadar mahallenin en nüfuzlu şahsiyetleri olmuşlardır. Çünkü onlar devletin mahalledeki temsilcileri olup yaptıkları dini hizmetler yanında idarî, beledî, adlî, eğitim ve sosyal konularla alakalı birçok resmî görev de icra etmişlerdir. Ancak bu hizmetlerini devlete bağlı olarak değil bir vakıf görevlisi yani hademe-i hayrat olarak yerine getirmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla îfa ettikleri bu görev ve hizmetler karşılığında aldıkları maaşlar da vakıflar tarafından finanse edilmiştir. Öte yandan imamların meşruta tabiri ile ifade edilen lojman ihtiyaçları vakıflarca karşılandığı gibi lojman verilemeyen imamlara ödenen kira bedelleri de yine vakıf gelirlerinden karşılanmıştır. Bunlarla birlikte “duâgûluk” olarak ifade edilen cihetler mukabilinde alınan ve birer ek gelir olarak değerlendirebileceğimiz ücretler de vakıf kurumları tarafından ödenmiştir. İmamlık kurumunun vakıflarla olan bu sıkı ve çok yönlü münasebetlerine rağmen şimdiye kadar bu konu ile alakalı doğrudan ilgili herhangi bir çalışma yapılmış değildir. Bundan dolayı bu makalede özellikle 19. yüzyıl İstanbul’unda görev yapan imamların vakıflarla olan bu ciddi ve köklü münasebetleri ele alınacaktır
FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES - INTEREST RATE SWAP
Authors: Ivanović Zoran , Mujačević Elvis
Published: June 2021

Swap as a portfolio of forward contract is a financial derivative traded on the over-the-counter market. In its basic form, swap is based on the exchange of future cash flows between two market participants in accordance with the agreed terms. The cash flows that are exchanged are the interest payments and in some circumstances even the notional amount, and transactions are carried out in a period of two to thirty years. Swaps first appeared in 80's, and have evolved from back-to-back loans.
TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES TO ELEMENTARY LEARNERS
Authors: Ivić Liliana
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to give a few suggestions on the methods of teaching the adult elementary learners of English in order to achieve basic communication skills. Very important is the selection of the most essential grammatical structures as well as the most appropriate vocabulary. The final result should be to enable the Elementary learners to acquire the basic knowledge of Business English.
CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS: Interaction between manager, employees and stakeholders
Authors: Pende Hrvoje
Published: June 2021

The paper discusses the role and importance of corporate communications in the processes of corporate identity creation. Corporate identity is a result of the interaction between manager, employees and business environment/stakeholders. Possibilities of creating a desirable corporate identity is highly correlated with the dominant organizational and social patterns of culture. Strong, open and positive cultures give the corporation pre-requisite to communicate efficiently, which will bring the corporation into the corporate branding process with all the competitive benefits. Negative cultures does not support creation of favourable corporate identities and images. They create fear of open communication: pre-requisite of any efficient corporate communication program.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF INCOMING TOURISM THE CASE OF MECKLENBURG-VORPOMMERN
Authors: Sperling Werner
Published: June 2021

The analysis of the structural changes of incoming tourism gives relevant information, also about possible problems. There are more than one solution in respect to these problems, as the case of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern shows.
RISK MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES
Authors: Mujacevic Elvis , Ivanovic Vanja
Published: June 2021

Financial derivatives come in many shapes and forms, including futures, forwards, swaps, options, structured debt obligations and deposits, and various combinations thereof. Some are traded on organized exchanges, whereas others are privately negotiated transactions. Derivatives have become an integral part of the financial markets because they can serve several economic functions. Derivatives can be used to reduce business risks, expand product offerings to customers, trade for profit, manage capital and funding costs, and alter the risk-reward profile of a particular item or an entire balance sheet. Although derivatives are legitimate and valuable tools for banks and corporations, like all financial instruments they contain risks that must be managed. Managing these risks should not be considered unique or singular. Risks associated with derivatives are not new or exotic. They are basically the same as those faced in traditional activities (e.g., price, interest rate, liquidity, credit risk). Fundamentally, the risk of derivatives (as of all financial instruments) is a function of the timing and variability of cash flows. It is very important to understand the various risk factors associated with business activities and to establish appropriate risk management systems to identify, measure, monitor, and control exposure and risk associated with derivatives.
HOTEL MANAGEMENT AS A BUSINESS FUNCTION
Authors: Pavia Nadia
Published: June 2021

The hotel offer is a complex market product, resulting from the efforts and hard work of people working in the hotel industry. Management plays a key role. The manager needs to find ways of motivating employees, taking decisions, solving problems, being a flexible leader and enhancing overall efficiency, effectiveness and productivity. Through the adequate organisation of the function of management, unified action can be secured in carrying out the tasks of the hotel and the hotel enterprise.
The effects of low-input training systems on viticultural costs on flat terrain and steep slope sites
Authors: Strub Larissa , Stoll Manfred , Loose Simone Mueller
Published: June 2021

Low-input training systems, such as minimal pruning (MP) and the semi-minimal pruned hedge (SMPH), require less working hours as a result of fewer viticultural process steps and permit a higher degree of mechanisation. However, their effect on viticultural costs and per litre costs on both flat terrain and steep slopes has not yet been analysed. This study quantifies the viticultural costs of vertical shoot positioning (VSP) and low-input training systems for standard processes on different types of flat terrain and steep slope vineyards. The costs were obtained from a dataset of 1,519 working time records of labour and machine hours from 20 vineyards belonging to five German wine estates over three years. The costs for standard viticultural processes were compared across three pairs of VSP and low-input training site types with different mechanisation intensities. The comparison was carried out by univariate analysis of variance with fixed and random effects, and by descriptive analysis of mean values.On flat terrain, SMPH significantly decreased the costs for the viticultural steps of winter pruning, tying, shoot positioning and defoliation, but it increased the cost for pest control. Hence, the total cost on flat terrain decreased marginally, but still significantly, by 46 %. The cost effects on steep slopes were similar, decreasing by 34 % for SMPH in unsupported steep slope harvester sites and by 46 % for MP rope and winch-supported steep slope sites. The per-litre costs were calculated for different yield levels. Since the yield in low input systems is higher than in VSP, the production costs per litre further decreased.The study confirmed the high cost-saving potential for wine growers of the mechanisation of canopy management and the omission of winter pruning in low-input systems. Combined with higher yields, the cost savings from low-input systems are particularly suitable for producers of bulk wine and market entry and mid-level wine profiles. By converting to low-input systems, the costs associated with mechanisable steep slope vineyards can be reduced to amounts approximating VSP on flat terrain. For certain wine profiles, low-input systems should therefore constitute an integral part of strategies to increase the economic sustainability of steep slope viticulture. The estimated cost benchmarks provide critical input for the cost-based pricing policy of steep slope growers. These benchmarks also give agricultural policy reliable indicators of the subsidies required for preserving steep slope landscapes.
Impact of additional intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy on the quality of life in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy
Authors: Pelewicz Maryla , Rymuza Joanna , Pelewicz Katarzyna , Miśkiewicz Piotr
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a severe complication of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). Treatment of DON should involve immediate administration of intravenous methylprednisolone (ivMP) in very high doses. It is recommended to include additional 12 pulses of ivMP according to a weekly schedule as a further step of the treatment process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a 12-week ivMP treatment on the quality of life (QoL) in DON patients.
Material and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 6 patients (the tests involved 8 individual eyes) with DON and treated with ivMP in very high doses, followed by orbital decompression in one patient. All patients were qualified for additional treatment with ivMP in a 12-week protocol and completed the Polish version of the GOQoL questionnaire before and after the therapy. Visual acuity (VA) and diplopia were examined prior to the administration of ivMP pulses for DON, as well as before and after the additional ivMP treatment.
Results. A minimal clinically important difference in QoL was observed in four patients at the end of the additional ivMP therapy. A significant increase in VA was observed following additional pulses of ivMP compared to the evaluation at the time of the DON diagnosis (p=0.04).
Conclusions. Applying additional 12 pulses of ivMP following DON therapy may impact QoL. Performing QoL assessment throughout the entire therapy in patients with DON is particularly important in the clinical practice. Final evaluation of QoL should be performed after completing the entire therapeutic process, which involves surgical treatment to correct diplopia.