bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the corrosion inhibition thermal/kinetic characteristics and quantum chemical mechanism of rhodamine acylhydrazone
Authors: Ji An-lan , Lv Jing , Ding Rui , Zhang Xue-qi , Zhang Yu-chen , Wang Yu-han , Lei Ming-di , Fu Jie , Wang Wei-jie , Liu Jie
Published: October 2024

The adsorption of organic corrosion inhibitor molecules on metal surfaces is similar to the complexation with metal ions. Rhodamine B acylhydrazone (RBA) with high complexation and selectivity for iron ion was used for fluorescence detection of steel corrosion. This paper confirmed that the strong coordination of RBA endowed it with excellent corrosion inhibition performance with the inhibition efficiency of over 99% and excellent durability. The increase in coverage and the positive shift in potential exhibited mutually reinforcing dynamic characteristics, which determined excellent corrosion inhibition. The corrosion inhibition of RBA on carbon steel was achieved through a combination of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption and the adsorption thermodynamics conformed to Langmuir adsorption. The active site was carbonyl O. RBA and further optimised rhodamine derivatives in molecular structure would become potential molecules for achieving a combination of corrosion detection and corrosion inhibition functions. In addition, the quantitative structure-activity equation constructed through composite quantum chemical parameters was in great agreement with the experimental results of corrosion inhibition efficiency.
Identifying pseudo-resistant hypertension and optimizing diuretic therapy for confirmed resistant cases in primary care
Authors: Champigny Joey , Nagge Jeff
Published: October 2024

Background:

Approximately 10% of individuals with hypertension are expected to have resistant hypertension (RH). Many have pseudo-resistant hypertension (p-RH) due to a variety of factors. To date, the prevalence of p-RH and optimal diuretic therapy in primary care have not been studied.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted, including patients referred to the hypertension clinic at the Centre for Family Medicine (CFFM) Family Health Team in Kitchener, ON, from January 2010 to September 2020. Individuals ≥18 years old referred to clinic by their family physician or other health care provider with 2 consecutive blood pressure (BP) readings of ≥140/90 mmHg despite using ≥3 antihypertensive agents were included.

Results:

Fifty-one patients taking ≥3 antihypertensive agents were referred during the study timeframe. Forty-one patients had ≥2 consecutive BP readings of ≥140/90 and were classified as having presumed RH. Of these, 24 patients (59%) had p-RH after BP was measured systematically in the hypertension clinic. Of the 17 with RH, 5 (29%) were prescribed optimal diuretic therapy upon referral. Most common clinic interventions included initiating or adjusting the dose of a diuretic (47%), adding a different antihypertensive agent (27%) or discontinuing an antihypertensive agent due to side effects (24%).

Discussion:

To our knowledge, this is the first time that the prevalence of p-RH and optimal diuretic therapy have been studied in primary care. p-RH was common and diuretic therapy was underused in RH.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that p-RH is prevalent and diuretic therapy underused in primary care. Systematic BP measurement and optimization of diuretic therapy should be prioritized prior to specialist referral.
Aging of lexical access in Chinese spoken word production: A picture-word interference study
Authors: Cui Ying , Wang Xuejiao , Zhang Qingfang
Published: October 2024

It remains unknown how language-production processes decline with age. Using a picture-word interference task, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aging on lexical access and the contributions of language-specific and domain-general factors to semantic, phonological, and orthographic effects in Chinese spoken word production. After controlling for years of education, language comprehension, and domain-general cognitive abilities, we found a larger semantic interference effect for older speakers than for younger speakers, while the phonological effect and orthographic effect were comparable for the two age groups, supporting the transmission deficit hypothesis. Furthermore, discourse comprehension and general cognitive abilities were found to contribute to the phonological effect in older adults, but not in younger adults. Our findings indicate that both language-specific factors and domain-general factors contribute to the aging of spoken word production together.
Understanding beliefs and perceptions of parents, coaches, and organizational leaders toward non-concussive head impact exposure in youth American football
Authors: Urban Jillian E. , Moore Justin B. , Faber Lydia L. , Marks Madison E. , Holcomb Ty D. , Miles Christopher M. , Flashman Laura A. , Otallah Scott I. , Stitzel Joel D. , Foley Kristie L.
Published: October 2024

Concussions are a prevalent public health concern; however, non-concussive head impacts without signs and symptoms of concussion may have a greater influence on brain health. The objective of this study was to apply components of the health belief model to perceptions of non-concussive head impacts and preventative efforts to reduce head impacts in youth American football and thematically analyze responses across parents with children participating in youth football, coaches, and organizational leaders. Parents, coaches, and organizational leaders of a local youth football league were invited to complete a one-time online anonymous survey assessing football and sport history, knowledge, beliefs, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and demographics. Principal factor analysis was conducted prior to scoring measurements evaluated in this study. Parents perceived the susceptibility and severity of head impacts in football to be greater than coaches and organizational leaders; however, coaches and organizational leaders had greater beliefs and self-efficacy surrounding head impact safety efforts in football compared to parents. Understanding beliefs and perceptions of key stakeholders in the youth football community is critical to the development and implementation of prevention programs aimed at reducing head impact exposure in the sport.
Physiological, physical and anthropometric parameters in padel: A systematic review
Authors: Martín-Miguel Iván , Escudero-Tena Adrián , Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino J , Courel-Ibáñez Javier , Muñoz Diego
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to carry out a systematic review of existing research on physiological, physical and anthropometric parameters in padel. After searching through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, 33 articles were analyzed, covering physiological, physical, and anthropometric parameters. Physiologically, heart rate varies by sex and play level; men amateurs show a lower maximum heart rate compared to semi-professionals and professionals (154.75 vs 169.72 vs 188.6 beats per minute). Women players maintain consistent maximum heart rate across levels (∼178 beats per minute). Lactate levels during competition indicate effort within the aerobic transition zone, peaking at 2.40 millimole per liter in women and 3.38 millimole per liter in men. Regarding maximal oxygen consumption, padel players exhibit levels around 76.3%, increasing to 95.1% during peak exertion. Biochemical and hematological parameters vary by sex, with men players typically having higher basal levels, while competition reduces certain elements like copper and zinc. Physically, men players exhibit superior jump height, strength, and maximum speeds around 2.09 kilometers per hour, with significant lateral movements. The average distance covered per match is 3000 meters, with higher-level players traveling less. Anthropometrically, men players are taller with a mesomorphic-endomorphic profile, while women players have an endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype. The study highlights the need for tailored training based on specific player characteristics and calls for further research to better individualize physical preparation in padel.
Effect of HA ratio on the morphology and characteristics of Ti-HA composite coatings on Ti6Al4V-ELI synthesized via mechanical milling
Authors: Canpolat Özlem , Çanakçı Aykut , Gültekin Gül Gedik
Published: October 2024

Ti-6Al-4V-ELI titanium alloy is useful in biomedical applications due to its mechanical characteristics. To improve properties, alloy surfaces was coated with various methods. In this work, titanium–hydroxyapatite(Ti-HA) composite coatings were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V-ELI through mechanical milling(MM). Coatings’ phase analysis, surface morphology, wear, corrosion, and in vitro performance were examined. The results show that average coating thickness varied between 190 and 305 µm. The substrate has a specific wear rate of 7.22×10−4 mm3/Nm, while Ti5HA has the lowest rate among composite coatings at 2.7×10−4 mm3/Nm. Coated surfaces demonstrated better corrosion resistance than bare substrate in electrochemical tests conducted in Ringer's and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) physiological solutions. Ti5HA has the lowest Icorr (0.119 μA/cm2) in Ringer's solution, while Ti10HA has the lowest Icorr (0.245 μA/cm2) in PBS solution. Apatite layer development was seen on all coated surfaces following 7 and 14 days of in vitro experiments.
From Product to Platform: How can BMW compete with Platform Giants?
Authors: Weiss Niklas , Schreieck Maximilian , Wiesche Manuel , Krcmar Helmut
Published: October 2024

Today, it is natural for digital services to be available anytime, anywhere. Thanks to digital platforms, we can connect with our intelligent assistants, stream movies on our networked televisions, and wirelessly control our homes with smartphone apps. Within the last few years, our cars have also been transformed into computers on wheels. However, the apps with which we are accustomed are often not available in cars. Why are cars different? This teaching case examines how the worldwide automotive manufacturer BMW developed its onboard infotainment system into a digital platform. While the transformation of a manufacturing firm into a technology company reveals multiple challenges, new actors enter the stage. In 2017, Google announced the launch of Android Automotive OS, a complete operating system for cars with access to a vibrant platform ecosystem. Should BMW accept Google’s offer to use Android Automotive OS as a digital platform for their cars, or should they strive to create their own proprietary platform ecosystem? This teaching case introduces the dynamics of digital platform ecosystems and illustrates the “platform conundrum” that many traditional companies must confront: Is it better to build a new proprietary platform ecosystem or join an existing dominant platform ecosystem? We provide rich insights from BMW’s development, sales, and strategic divisions, helping students to understand the risks, chances, and challenges of various choices that occur in the context of digital platform ecosystems and why such decisions might be crucial to the future of traditional companies such as BMW.
Co-creation and evaluation of an app to support reminiscence therapy interventions for older people with dementia
Authors: De-Rosende-Celeiro Iván , Francisco-Gilmartín Virginia , Bautista-Blasco Susana , Ávila-Álvarez Adriana
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objectives encompassed (1) the creation of Recuerdame, a digital app specifically designed for occupational therapists, aiming to support these professionals in the processes of planning, organizing, developing, and documenting reminiscence therapies for older people with dementia, and (2) the evaluation of the designed prototype through a participatory and user-centered design approach, exploring the perceptions of end-users.

Methods

This exploratory research used a mixed-methods design. The app was developed in two phases. In the first phase, the research team identified the requirements and designed a prototype. In the second phase, experienced occupational therapists evaluated the prototype.

Results

The research team determined the app's required functionalities, grouped into eight major themes: register related persons and caregivers; record the patient's life story memories; prepare a reminiscence therapy session; conduct a session; end a session; assess the patient; automatically generate a life story; other requirements. The first phase ended with the development of a prototype. In the second phase, eight occupational therapists performed a series of tasks using all the application's functionalities. Most of these tasks were very easy (Single Ease Question). The level of usability was considered excellent (System Usability Scale). Participants believed that the app would save practitioners time, enrich therapy sessions and improve their effectiveness. The qualitative results were summarized in two broad themes: (a) acceptability of the app; and (b) areas for improvement.

Conclusions

Participating occupational therapists generally agreed that the co-designed app appears to be a versatile tool that empowers these professionals to manage reminiscence interventions.
Construction of the whole-process nursing service system for day surgery patient based on the Kano model: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sun Weige , Wu Fei , Du Yue , Luo Jie , Wang Xin , Li Aman , Zhang Ran , Cai Weixin
Published: October 2024

Objective

The types and number of day surgeries have significantly increased, but the construction of the whole process nursing service system (WPNSS) for preoperative education, intraoperative cooperation, postoperative knowledge, and follow-up for day surgery patients is still in the exploratory stage. The aim of this study is to establish the WPNSS for day surgery patients using the Kano model and to preliminarily assess its efficacy.

Methods

WPNSS for day surgery was devised leveraging Internet hospital information systems and patient mobile terminals (WeChat), guided by the World Health Organization's conceptual framework for scaling-up strategies. The system was methodically developed, progressing from defining the overall framework to delineating modular functions and developing specific educational materials and tools. A pilot test was conducted in a hospital in China.

Results

WPNSS, a patient-centric remote education and monitoring system, seamlessly amalgamates health education, online consultations, and follow-up functionalities; offering semi-automated surgical consultations, inquiry services, and postoperative follow-ups, as well as autonomously disseminating perioperative health education content. Comprising both client and server components, patients utilizing the system are inclined to recommend day surgery at the hospital to others

Conclusions

WPNSS delivers personalized and precise health education, consultation, and postoperative follow-up services for day surgery patients. Current results suggest that the WPNSS may improve patients’ experience.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR2200066782).
How is digital health suitability measured for communities? A systematic review
Authors: Geracitano John , Barron Luke , McSwain David , Khairat Saif
Published: October 2024

Background

Digital health services continue growing in usage and popularity, with patients and healthcare organizations benefiting from their use. Despite this, no mechanism exists to measure a patient's and community's suitability to leverage these services.

Objective

This systematic review aims to evaluate the extent and nature of measuring the overall suitability of individuals and communities within the digital health landscape.

Methods

Database searches in February 2024 across PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, and IEEE Xplore yielded 1044 unique references. Two screening stages resulted in 10 articles that met all evaluation criteria for review inclusion.

Results

This systematic review found a gap in the ability to holistically assess a patient's and community's suitability to access digital health services. Myriad indices and tools identify isolated factors contributing to digital health accessibility (e.g., broadband availability); however, no comprehensive mechanism adequately informs providers, policymakers, and researchers.

Conclusion

A comprehensive index that accurately reflects suitability for digital health services is needed. Index factors should include a combination of indicators related to socioeconomic status, digital accessibility, such as device and internet access, and social determinants of health. Together, these form the predominant driving factors related to one's ability to participate in digital health services.
Learning, Understanding, Remembering: The Collective Experiences of Musical Memory of Twelve Professional Classical Guitarists
Authors: Boshoff Thinus , Odendaal Albi
Published: October 2024

The intention of this basic qualitative study was to investigate the ways in which professional guitarists describe their musical memory, in an attempt to develop a conceptual understanding of musical memory from a guitarist's point of view, including the guitarist's experience and understanding of musical memory. Research into the experiences of professional classical guitarists is limited, and there is not necessarily agreement on which method is best for developing musical memory. While the process of musical memory has been investigated in other groups of instruments, similarities and differences between instrumental approaches are not properly understood. Data were collected through live online interviews conducted with 12 professional concert guitarists, purposely selected for their impressive musical memory. The findings revealed that the caliber of recall and remembering for the purpose of performing without sheet music is highly dependent on the quality of the learning processes involved and also on the extent of truly understanding the music. A conceptual model was identified in which five main themes emerged: pre-learning; active learning; understanding; performance: preparation, alterations, and learning; and remembering. The conceptual model describes a continuous, circular process that applies to the learning process both pre- and post-performance.
Home and workforce reintegration one year after thrombectomy in acute stroke patients
Authors: Bode Felix J , Zadon Nina A , Asperger Hannah , Beckonert Niklas M , Ebrahimi Taraneh , Nitsch Louisa , Nordsiek Julia , Meissner Julius N , Shirvani Omid , Stösser Sebastian , Thielscher Christian , Dorn Franziska , Lehnen Nils C , Petzold Gabor C , Weller Johannes M
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) combined with intravenous thrombolysis is the current standard treatment for acute large-vessel occlusion stroke. Beyond clear clinical benefits in the acute and post-acute phases, comprehensive evaluations of long-term outcomes, including home and workforce reintegration, remain limited. This study aimed to assess home and workforce reintegration 1 year post-EVT in a cohort of acute stroke patients and explore their association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Patients and methods:

We conducted a prospective observational study of 404 patients undergoing EVT at a tertiary university medical center between October 2019 and December 2021. Patients’ functional outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and HRQoL was assessed via the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Scale (EQ-5D). Data on occupational and living status were collected through standardized telephone interviews at 3- and 12-months post-treatment.

Results:

Of 357 patients with 12-month follow-up data, 33.6% had a favorable outcome (mRS 0–2). Among stroke survivors, the rate of home reintegration without nursing care was 42.1%, and workforce reintegration among previously employed patients was 43.3% at 12 months. Both outcomes were significantly associated with improved HRQoL. Lower neurological deficits and younger age were predictive of successful home and workforce reintegration.

Discussion and conclusion:

One year post-EVT, approximately 40%–50% of acute stroke patients successfully reintegrate into home and work settings. These findings underscore the need for ongoing support tailored to improving long-term reintegration and quality of life for stroke survivors.

Data access statement:

The data supporting the findings of the study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and in accordance to European data privacy obligations.
Nature-issues: Ecosystem restoration as a reorganiser of social–material relations
Authors: Valve Helena , Valkama Pasi
Published: October 2024

Ecosystem restoration initiatives present natures as intervention-requiring problems. However, not all stakeholders may be able to recognise and relate to the issues that motivate restoration. Instead, they may put forward alternative understandings of natures as problematic issues in need of management and collective action. Therefore, ecosystem restoration can turn generative into new forms of publics that are brought together – and drawn apart – by distinctive configurations of nature-issues. This paper analyses such a reorganisation by focusing on three restoration projects carried out in Finland. The projects sought to engage farmers in restoring agricultural streams while proposing the practice of stream restoration as an extensive ecosystem revitalisation. In the studied cases, farmers could become attentive to the potential of stream habitats to develop into viable and rich ecosystems, while their neighbours only showed interest in improving the drainage functions of streams. The restoration initiatives generated connectedness between farmers, streams habitats and the restoration projects, but also disconnectedness between natures and publics. The possibilities of the studied projects to carry out their restoration plans rested mostly on the specification of the restoration plans as a means to manage ontological differences. The findings indicate that instead of promoting ecosystem restoration as a tightly coupled practice, it can be useful to generate space for collective action that unfolds in terms of partially different natures and nature-issues.
Look after gardens and they look after you: Cultivating wellbeing in a pandemic through a popular TV gardening programme
Authors: Royle Camilla
Published: October 2024

Over the past few years there has been intense policy interest in the idea that nature-related activities such as gardening are good for wellbeing. Several studies have indeed found links between such activities and self-reported wellbeing. However, there are also sympathetic critiques of the limited conceptions of what kinds of activities are considered beneficial. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the social and cultural roots of the assumption that nature is good for us rather than treating connection to nature as an innate need. This article contributes to this task by showing how commonly held ideas about gardening and wellbeing were reproduced in the long-running and popular UK TV gardening programme Gardeners’ World ( GW) during 2020. As an exemplar of lifestyle programming, GW provides both information and entertainment and appeals to viewers to try out the techniques they observe on screen in their own gardens. Within the programme there is an emphasis on gardens as secluded havens from the outside world and on the attractive characteristics of individual plants. However, in many cases it is the work involved and the challenge that interests gardeners, as much as the qualities of the plants. Gardeners design a space and use it to express their identity. But the results of their actions are not guaranteed. Gardening can therefore be understood through a political ecology lens as a process whereby the social and nature constitute each other.
Banal humour and social order: Overlooked affects in staff interaction with incarcerated boys
Authors: Franzén Anna G , Jonsson Rickard
Published: October 2024

Correctional institutions such as youth detention centres are highly emotional places, yet there are only a few studies of youth in locked institutions that take emotions as their starting point, and those who do primarily focus on explosive affects. Drawing on video ethnographic data from a Swedish youth detention home, this study highlights a mild form of joking, what we call ‘banal humour’, employed by staff and youth as a form of affective practice. Grounded in critical humour studies and affect theory, the paper demonstrates how banal humour contributes to maintaining positive affects, and to mitigate both anger and embarrassment, while simultaneously constructing social order and producing desirable subjectivities in the detention centre.
Residential exposure toAspergillusspp.is associated with exacerbations in COPD
Authors: Tiew Pei Yee , Leung Janice M. , Mac Aogáin Micheál , Johal Parteek , Jaggi Tavleen Kaur , Yuen Agnes Che Yan , Ivan Fransiskus Xaverius , Yang Julia , Afshar Tina , Tee Augustine , Koh Mariko Siyue , Lim Yee Hui , Wong Anthony , Chandrasekaran Lakshmi , Dacanay Justine G. , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Ong Thun How , Abisheganaden John A. , Chew Fook Tim , Schuster Stephan C. , Carlsten Christopher , Chotirmall Sanjay H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Sensitisation toAspergillus fumigatusis linked to worse outcomes in patients with COPD; however, its prevalence and clinical implications in domestic (residential) settings remains unknown.

Methods

Individuals with COPD (n=43) recruited in Singapore had their residences prospectively sampled and assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing including indoor air, outdoor air and touch surfaces (a total of 126 specimens). The abundance of environmentalA. fumigatusand the occurrence ofA. fumigatus(Asp f) allergens in the environment were determined and immunological responses toA. fumigatusallergens determined in association with clinical outcomes including exacerbation frequency. Findings were validated in 12 individuals (31 specimens) with COPD in Vancouver, Canada, a climatically different region.

Results

157 metagenomes from 43 homes were assessed. 11 and nine separateAspergillusspp.were identified in Singapore and Vancouver, respectively. Despite climatic, temperature and humidity variation,A. fumigatuswas detectable in the environment from both locations. The relative abundance of environmentalA. fumigatuswas significantly associated with exacerbation frequency in both Singapore (r=0.27, p=0.003) and Vancouver (r=0.49, p=0.01) and individuals with higher Asp f 3 sensitisation responses lived in homes with a greater abundance of environmental Asp f 3 allergens (p=0.037). Patients exposed and sensitised to Asp f 3 allergens demonstrated a higher rate of COPD exacerbations at 1-year follow-up (p=0.021).

Conclusion

EnvironmentalA. fumigatusexposure in the home environment including air and surfaces with resulting sensitisation carries pathogenic potential in individuals with COPD. Targeting domesticA. fumigatusabundance may reduce COPD exacerbations.
The McMaster Cough Severity Questionnaire (MCSQ): a cough severity instrument for patients with refractory chronic cough
Authors: Kum Elena , Guyatt Gordon H. , Abdulqawi Rayid , Dicpinigaitis Peter , Dupont Lieven , Field Stephen K. , French Cynthia L. , Gibson Peter G. , Irwin Richard S. , Johnston Faye , McGarvey Lorcan , Newman Robert , Popovic Nada , Smith Jaclyn A. , Song Woo-Jung , O'Byrne Paul M. , Satia Imran
Published: October 2024

Background

Cough severity represents an important end-point to assess the impact of therapies for patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC). Our objective was to develop a new patient-reported outcome measure addressing cough severity in patients with RCC.

Methods

Phase 1 (item generation): a systematic survey, focus groups and expert consultation generated 51 items. Phase 2 (item reduction): from a list of 51 items, 100 patients identified those they had experienced in the previous year and rated their importance on a 5-point scale. The McMaster Cough Severity Questionnaire (MCSQ) included items reported to occur most frequently and that had the highest importance scores. Patient feedback on the MCSQ led to elimination of redundant items. Another 100 patients completed the MCSQ, from which we performed an exploratory factor analysis and a Rasch analysis to further refine items on the MCSQ.

Results

Previous publications report on the details of Phase 1. Phase 2 led to selection of 15 items from the initial 51. Patient feedback on the 15 items led to elimination of five redundant items. An exploratory factor analysis of the 10-item MCSQ led to the selection of two domains, and the elimination of one item that demonstrated cross-loading and another that had high inter-item correlations. A Rasch analysis of the 8-item MCSQ confirmed that the response options functioned in a logically progressive manner and that no items exhibited differential item functioning. The final 8-item MCSQ has a 1-week recall period and includes two domains (intensity and frequency). The 8-item MCSQ had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.89), proved able to distinguish different levels of cough severity (person separation index 0.89) and demonstrated high cross-sectional convergent validity (Pearson's correlation 0.76, 95% CI 0.66–0.83) with the 100-mm cough severity visual analogue scale.

Conclusions

Initial evidence supports the validity of the MCSQ, an 8-item instrument measuring cough severity in patients with RCC. Future studies should evaluate its properties in measuring change over time.
Prediction models for identifying medication overuse or medication overuse headache in migraine patients: a systematic review
Authors: Aramruang Teerapong , Malhotra Akshita , Numthavaj Pawin , Looareesuwan Panu , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , Dejthevaporn Charungthai , Sirirutbunkajorn Nat , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin
Published: October 2024

Background

Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder that presents significant management challenges, resulting in underdiagnosis and inappropriate treatments, leaving patients at risk of medication overuse (MO). MO contributes to disease progression and the development of medication overuse headache (MOH). Predicting which migraine patients are at risk of MO/MOH is crucial for effective management. Thus, this systematic review aims to review and critique available prediction models for MO/MOH in migraine patients.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using Embase, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE databases from inception to April 22, 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool.

Results

Out of 1,579 articles, six studies with nine models met the inclusion criteria. Three studies developed new prediction models, while the remaining validated existing scores. Most studies utilized cross-sectional and prospective data collection in specific headache settings and migraine types. The models included up to 53 predictors, with sample sizes from 17 to 1,419 participants. Traditional statistical models (logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression) were used in two studies, while one utilized a machine learning (ML) technique (support vector machines). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was employed to validate existing scores. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for the ML model (0.83) outperformed the traditional statistical model (0.62) in internal validation. The AUROCs ranged from 0.84 to 0.85 for the validation of existing scores. Common predictors included age and gender; genetic data and questionnaire evaluations were also included. All studies demonstrated a high risk of bias in model construction and high concerns regarding applicability to participants.

Conclusion

This review identified promising results for MO/MOH prediction models in migraine patients, although the field remains limited. Future research should incorporate important risk factors, assess discrimination and calibration, and perform external validation. Further studies with robust designs, appropriate settings, high-quality and quantity data, and rigorous methodologies are necessary to advance this field.
Acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory impairment caused by herpes simplex virus type-1 in rats through the p38 MAPK/CREB pathway
Authors: Jin Hongjiao , Huang Rui , Li Zhu , Liu Mi , Zhao Ning , Zhang Haiyan , Lin Yong
Published: October 2024

Background

Acupuncture can improve herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Therefore, we evaluated the cognitive function and apoptosis in hippocampus caused by herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) in rats after acupuncture and described the molecular mechanism.

Methods

Sprague–Dawley rats were induced into HSE models by HSV-1 infection. After 3 days, they received acupuncture at the acupoints of Xuanzhong (GB39), Baihui (GV20), Shenmen (HT7), Shenting (GV24), and Sanyinjiao (SP6), and/or intraperitoneal injection of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Morris water maze test was performed on rats. The hippocampus of rats was obtained, and the expression of apoptosis-related genes in the tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. In addition, apoptosis-related proteins and proteins related to the p38 MAPK/CREB pathway in the tissues was detected by western blot.

Results

After HSV-1 induction, the rat's escape latency was increased, the time spent on the platform in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossings significantly decreased. In addition, there was an increase in apoptosis in the hippocampus, accompanied by elevated levels of p–p38 and decreased levels of p-CREB. However, these effects could be improved by acupuncture treatment. Interestingly, SB203580 plays a similar role to acupuncture, and acupuncture could further enhance the impacts of SB203580 on cognitive function and apoptosis in hippocampus in HSE rats.

Conclusion

Acupuncture improves spatial learning and memory impairment caused by HSV-1 in rats. The functional mechanism of acupuncture may be through the p38 MAPK/CREB pathway.
Implementing a new multidisciplinary, remote, dementia staff training program for Veterans affairs nursing homes
Authors: Shirsat Nikita R. , Lee Jennifer Ann , Pham Catherine , Miller Matthew J. , Chesney Margaret A. , Nicosia Francesca M. , Chao Linda , Barnes Deborah E.
Published: October 2024

Background

Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise (PLIÉ) is a group program for people living with dementia that combines movements to support daily function with present moment body awareness and social engagement that has been found to have physical, emotional, social, and cognitive benefits. The goal of this study was to develop and refine a PLIÉ remote training program for interdisciplinary Veterans Affairs (VA) nursing home staff members also known as community living center (CLC) staff.

Methods

This pre-implementation study used iterative Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. The 10-week PDSA cycles occurred from June to September 2021 at 2 VA nursing home sites. Remote training was delivered via Microsoft Teams and included 1-hour live-streamed weekly didactic sessions (nursing staff with PLIÉ instructor) focused on PLIÉ principles and 1-hour weekly live-streamed experiential sessions for staff to apply PLIÉ principles with residents. We administered weekly feedback surveys to iteratively refine the training process.

Results

14 staff members participated (5 recreation therapists, 3 social workers, 2 registered nurses, 2 chaplains, 1 psychologist, and 1 speech pathologist). The experiential sessions were rated as most helpful overall. Key PDSA refinements included: (1) creating 10-minute video recording summaries to support learning, particularly for those unable to attend live training sessions due to clinical schedules; and (2) incorporating self-reflection and goal setting to support staff incorporation of PLIÉ principles into routine care and personal life. These refinements resulted in increased use of PLIÉ principles with the residents from 67 to 89% of the staff participants. 100% of regular attendees (11/11) rated their overall satisfaction with remote training as “very good” or “excellent.”

Conclusions

It was feasible to train interdisciplinary CLC staff participants to deliver an integrative group movement program for residents with dementia remotely. PDSA cycles supported refinement of the training process and improved uptake. A larger study of PLIÉ remote CLC staff training is needed to assess outcomes on residents and quality of care.
Induction of subject-ventilator asynchrony by variation of respiratory parameters in a lung injury model in pigs
Authors: Ran Xi , Scharffenberg Martin , Wittenstein Jakob , Leidermann Mark , Güldner Andreas , Koch Thea , Gama de Abreu Marcelo , Huhle Robert
Published: October 2024

Background

Subject-ventilator asynchrony (SVA) was shown to be associated with negative clinical outcomes. To elucidate pathophysiology pathways and effects of SVA on lung tissue histology a reproducible animal model of artificially induced asynchrony was developed and evaluated.

Methods

Alterations in ventilator parameters were used to induce the three main types of asynchrony: ineffective efforts (IE), auto-triggering (AT), and double-triggering (DT). Airway flow and pressure, as well as oesophageal pressure waveforms, were recorded, asynchrony cycles were manually classified and the asynchrony index (AIX) was calculated. Bench tests were conducted on an active lung simulator with ventilator settings altered cycle by cycle. The developed algorithm was evaluated in three pilot experiments and a study in pigs ventilated for twelve hours with AIX = 25%.

Results

IE and AT were induced reliably and fail-safe by end-expiratory hold and adjustment of respiratory rate, respectively. DT was provoked using airway pressure ramp prolongation, however not controlled specifically in the pilots. In the subsequent study, an AIX = 28.8% [24.0%-34.4%] was induced and maintained over twelve hours.

Conclusions

The method allows to reproducibly induce and maintain three clinically relevant types of SVA observed in ventilated patients and may thus serve as a useful tool for future investigations on cellular and inflammatory effects of asynchrony.
Efficacy and safety of olezarsen in lowering apolipoprotein C-III and triglycerides in healthy Japanese Americans
Authors: Karwatowska-Prokopczuk Ewa , Lesogor Anastasia , Yan Jing-He , Hoenlinger Angelika , Margolskee Alison , Li Lu , Tsimikas Sotirios
Published: October 2024

Background

Olezarsen is a GalNAc3-conjugated, hepatic-targeted antisense oligonucleotide that lowers apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) and triglyceride levels. The efficacy and safety of olezarsen has not previously been studied in ethnically diverse American populations. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of olezarsen in healthy Japanese Americans.

Methods

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 1 study was performed in 28 healthy Japanese American participants treated with olezarsen in single-ascending doses (SAD; 30, 60, 90 mg) or multiple doses (MD; 60 mg every 4 weeks for 4 doses). The primary, secondary, and exploratory objectives were safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and effects of olezarsen on fasting serum triglycerides and apoC-III, respectively.

Results

There were 20 participants (16 active:4 placebo) in the SAD part of the study, and 8 participants (6 active:2 placebo) in the MD part of the study. For the primary endpoint, no serious adverse events or clinically relevant laboratory abnormalities were reported. The majority of olezarsen plasma exposure occurred within 24 h post-dose. In the SAD cohorts at Day 15 the percentage reduction in apoC-III/TG was − 39.4%/ − 17.8%, − 60.8%/ − 52.7%, and − 68.1%/ − 39.2% in the 30, 60 and 90 mg doses, respectively, vs 2.3%/44.5% increases in placebo. In the MD cohort, at Day 92 the percentage reduction in apoC-III/TG was − 81.6/ − 73.8% vs − 17.2/ − 40.8% reduction in placebo. Favorable changes were also present in VLDL-C, apoB and HDL-C.

Conclusions

Single- and multiple-dose administration of olezarsen was safe, was well tolerated, and significantly reduced apoC-III and triglyceride levels in healthy Japanese Americans.
Biomechanical study of the stability of posterior cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation: a finite element analysis
Authors: Li Kunpeng , Yu Qun , Wang Chongyi , Zhang Runtong , Fu Qingyang , Feng Yunze , Liu Chen , Wang Xinlong , Zhang Ronghan , Li Le , Si Haipeng
Published: October 2024

Background

Posterior cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty (EODL) may cause postoperative C5 palsy, and it can be avoided by EODL with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy. However, prophylactic C4/5 foraminotomy can compromise cervical spine stability. To prevent postoperative C5 palsy and boost cervical stability, We propose a new operation method: EODL combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation. However, there are no studies on the biomechanical properties of this surgery.

Purpose

Evaluating the biomechanical characteristics of EODL combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation and other three classic surgery.

Methods

An original model (A) and four surgical models (B-E) of the C2-T1 vertebrae of a female patient were constructed. (B) EODL; (C) EODL combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy; (D) C3-6 expansive open-door laminoplasty combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation; (E) C3-6 expansive open-door laminoplasty combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and C3-6 lateral mass screw system. To compare the biomechanical properties of cervical posterior internal fixation; (E) C3-6 expansive open-door laminoplasty combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and C3-6 lateral mass screw system. To compare the biomechanical properties of cervical posterior internal fixation methods, six physiological motion states were simulated for the five models using a 100N load force and 1.5Nm torque. The biomechanical advantages of the four internal fixation systems were evaluated by comparing the ranges of motion (ROMs) and maximum stresses.

Results

The overall ROM of Model C outperformed the other four models, reaching a maximum ROM in the extension state of 10.59°±0.04°. Model C showed a significantly higher ROMs of C4/5 segment than other four models. Model D showed a significantly lower ROM of C4/5 segment than both Model B and Model C. Model E showed a significantly lower ROM of C4/5 segment than Model D. The stress in the four surgical models were mainly concentrated on the internal fixation systems.

Conclusion

EODL combined with bilateral C4/5 foraminotomy and short-segment lateral mass screw fixation can maintain the stability of the spine and has minimal effects on the patient’s cervical spine ROMs in the extension and flexion state. As a result, it may be a promising treatment option for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) to prevention of postoperative C5 palsy.
Predominance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among ESBL/plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing strains isolated from diarrheic foals: a public health concern
Authors: Samir Ahmed , Abdel-Moein Khaled A. , Zaher Hala M.
Published: October 2024

Background

The upsurge of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)/plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) among animals constitutes an emerging threat for humans and animals. This study investigated the burden of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing diarrheagenic E. coli among diarrheic foals and its potential public health implications. Rectal swabs were collected from 80 diarrheic foals. These swabs were processed to isolate and identify ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli using a selective culture medium, biochemical tests, phenotypic identification, and molecular identification of ESBL- and pAmpC-encoding genes. Moreover, all ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates were examined for different virulence genes related to diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes.

Results

Out of 80 examined foals, 26 (32.5%) were confirmed as ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli, of which 14 (17.5%) animals carried only ESBL-producing E. coli, whereas 12 (15%) animals possessed ESBL-pAmpC-producing E. coli. The only detected diarrheagenic pathotype was enterotoxigenic, encoded by the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (ST) with a prevalence rate of 80.8% (21/26). The ST gene was further characterized where STa, STb, and STa + STb were found in one, four, and 16 strains, respectively. Moreover, all enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistance pattern. The phylogenetic analysis of 3 obtained partial STb sequences revealed high genetic relatedness to ETEC isolates retrieved from humans, conferring such sequences' public health significance.

Conclusions

These findings highlight that diarrheic foals could serve as a potential reservoir for multidrug-resistant ESBL-/pAmpC-producing enterotoxigenic E. coli.
Consecutive annual mowing reduces soil respiration and increases the proportion of autotrophic component in a meadow steppe
Authors: Zhu Wen , Legesse Tsegaye Gemechu , Dong Xiaobing , Li Aogui , Shi Ziyue , Tong Qi , Shao Changliang , Liu Weixing
Published: October 2024

Bcakground

Soil respiration (Rs), as the second largest CO2 emissions of terrestrial ecosystems, is sensitive to disturbance and consequent environmental changes. Mowing is strategically implemented as an management approach and has the potential to influence carbon cycling in meadow steppes. However, it remains unclear how and why Rs and its heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic (Ra) components respond to consecutive mowing and associated ecological consequences. Here, we conducted a field mowing experiment in a meadow steppe in 2018 and monitored Rs, Rh, and Ra from 2019 to 2022.

Results

We observed a significant reduction in Rs by 4.8% across four years, primarily attributed to a decrease in Rh. This decline in Rs intensified over time, indicating an accumulative effect of mowing. In addition, mowing induced an generally increasing Ra/Rs ratio over the experimental years with a simultaneous increase in the ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass (BGB/AGB). Furthermore, structural equation modeling results revealed that the decline in Rs was largely ascribed to reduced microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under mowing, while the increased Ra/Rs was primarily explained by the enhanced BGB/AGB. Partial regression analysis suggested that the biotic factor of microbial biomass dominated changes in soil respiration induced by mowing rather than abiotic soil temperature.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that consecutive mowing decreased Rs and raised Ra/Rs in meadow steppe by decreasing plant biomass and altering the proportion of biomass allocation. This observed decline in Rs would help to reduce CO2 concentration in atmosphere as well as alleviate global warming. However, considering the concurrent lower microbial biomass, the potential positive impacts of mowing on climate and ecosystem function should be reevaluated in future grassland management practices.