bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino Acid Profile and Proximate Analysis of Fermented African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Seeds
Authors: B.A Oshido , S.T Ubwa , S.A Aondoaver , J.I Oshido
Published: October 2024

Fermented Parkia biglobosa seeds nutritional content makes it suitable for use as a popular flavour intensifier in soups, stews and also as protein rich condiment in low protein content foods like vegetables. This study was aimed at determining the amino acid profile and proximate content of fermented African locust bean. The sample was prepared by boiling, dehulling and then fermenting the African locust bean. The analysis of the amino acid profile and proximate composition was done using standard procedures to evaluate the seeds nutritional potential. The results of amino acid profile revealed the following: 3.58 ± 0.01 mg/100 g of lysine, 0.22 ± 0.01 mg/100 g of tryptophan, 2.69 ± 0.00 mg/100 g of leucine, 3.01 ± 0.01 mg/100 g of iso-leucine, 0.92 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of cysteine, 1.36 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of methionine, 1.11 ± 0.00 mg/100 g of valine, 1.34 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of tyrosine, 1.23 ± 0.01 mg/100 g of glycine, 3.00 ± 0.00 mg/100 g of arginine, 2.61 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of phenylalanine, 6.14 ± 0.01 mg/100 g of aspartic acid, 5.11 ± 0.00 mg/100 g of glutamic acid, 0.99 ± 0.00 mg/100 g of serine, 3.68 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of proline, 4.12 ± 0.01 mg/100 g of alanine, 1.15 ± 0.01 mg/100 g of histidine and 1.22 ± 0.00 mg/100 g of threonine. The results of proximate analysis showed the following: 4.78 ± 1.70 % of moisture content, 5.40 ± 0.07 % of ash content, 11.00 ± 0.29 % of crude fats, 6.00 ± 0.02 % of crude fibre, 20.56 ± 0.04 % of crude protein and 52.25 ± 0.01 % of carbohydrate content. The result showed that lysine and iso-leucine were the highest essential amino acid found while aspartic and glutamic acid where the highest for non-essential amino-acids. The crude protein content was high and could be due to the fermentation. The study on amino acid profile and proximate composition showed that fermented Parkia biglobosa seeds contained high protein content and can serve as a valuable dietary supplement, particularly in protein-deficient regions.
Use of 3D Guides and Operating Microscope in Endodontic Surgery: A Literature Review
Authors: Santos Natalia Ferreira dos , Oliveira Isabella Garcia , Souza Paolla Regina de , Silva Lucas Anselmo Lima , Guimarães Bruno Martini
Published: October 2024

Aims: Digital flow is a reality in contemporary Dentistry. In this sense, 3D guides and operating microscopes to improve the performance of endodontic surgeries have gained prominence and are becoming more accessible to dental surgeons. Therefore, the following literature review aims to verify the effectiveness of using these new technologies, comparing conventional surgical techniques with those that use digital means.
Study Design: Literature Review.
Methodology: The articles included in the work were found on the search platforms “Pubmed”, “CAPES Platform”, “Scielo” and “VHL health”. Based on chosen terms, those that had been published in the last 10 years, in Portuguese, English or Spanish were selected and which, after reading, were correlated with keywords in the development of the text and/or dealt with endodontic surgery performed with technological methods. After applying the described methodology, 38 articles were included.
Conclusion: When reviewing and analyzing the articles incorporated into the study, it was observed that the authors agreed that the incorporation of new technologies in endodontics, such as 3D guides and microscopes, had positive impacts, providing greater precision and safety. However, there is a need to expand studies and knowledge. This is due to the fact that these are recent techniques that are still being improved.
Techniques Used to Translate the Subtitles of Humor in the Fresh Off the Boat Series
Authors: Renata Adrianne , Rini Julia Eka
Published: October 2024

This study is about translation techniques used to translate the humor in the Fresh Off the Boat series subtitle from English to Indonesian. This study intends to determine the proper technique that can be used for every kind of humor yet preserve its funniness. The writer used Molina and Albir's (2002) theory of the eighteen-translation technique and Shade's (1996) theory for the types of humor. This study applied the qualitative method. The data that has been collected found only seven types of humor out of the twelve types of humor theory by Shade (1996). Additionally, from the eighteen techniques stated by Molina and Albir (2002), the translator only used six techniques to translate the types of humor in the Fresh Off the Boat series subtitles. The most suitable technique to translate humor is literal translation, while the most unsuitable technique is borrowing.
Code-Mixing Analysis Used by Edwin in The Web Series Rumah Biru The Series Season 2
Authors: Patricia Evelyn
Published: October 2024

This study analyzed the code-mixing types and factors used by Edwin in the web series Rumah Biru The Series Season 2. The writer employed a qualitative approach using Muysken’s (2000) and Bhatia and Ritchie’s (2013) theories to analyze Edwin’s sentences that contain code-mixing. The findings revealed that Edwin utilized two types of code-mixing, namely insertion and congruent lexicalization. The alternation type was absent. Those types were motivated by factors, namely participant roles and relationships, situational, reiteration, message qualification, topic-comment/relative clauses, interjections and language attitudes, dominance, and security. Furthermore, some message-intrinsic factors, specifically quotations, hedging, idioms and deep-rooted cultural wisdom were absent. These findings underscore how Edwin’s code-mixing meets the demands of his workplace, enhancing clarity and efficiency in professional communication.
Interactional Styles Used by Joy Mangano in 2015 Joy Movie
Authors: Susanto Jason Louis , Gunawan Samuel
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted to find out the interactional styles used in Joy Mangano’s utterances from the 2015 Joy movie, specifically when she was in negotiation scenes. This study used the theory of interactional styles by Holmes (2006) and supporting theory of negotiation by Lewicki et al. (2003). This study used a qualitative approach to analyze the data. The findings found that Joy Mangano was dominant to use more masculine interactional styles in the outcome of successful and unsuccessful negotiation scenes. This can happen because of specific reasons as mentioned in the findings and discussions of this study. The study expected more worthwhile and insightful research to find out whether particular configurations of either feminine or masculine interactional styles may definitely have something to contribute to the negotiation outcome.
SCORCH: A Screenplay Exploring the Effects of Capitalism to the Working People and Environment in a Dystopian World
Authors: Hidajat Nicole Naomi , Irawan Stefanny
Published: October 2024

The planet is currently facing a crisis, and capitalism plays a part in it as it affects both the workers and the provider, nature. This paper aims to show the effects of capitalism to the working people and environment in a dystopian world where nature is on the brink of destruction, using screenplay as the creative medium, and dystopian genre. This creative work uses the theories of ecological Marxism and class struggle. Annie, an epitome of the working people in Outside, has to endure the exhaustion as capitalism run by the ruler of Inside leads to long working hours and product alienation, malnutrition due to the lack of food and water, as well as anxiety as her sister falls sick. The intense capitalistic production leads to resource depletion in the form of drought as well as the scorching heat. To make things worse, the Outside people are being treated unjustly, causing mass action.
Fabrication of Zn and Ti-loaded Carbon-silica Composite Derived from Gelatin Template for the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Hasanah Ika Uswatun , Setiarini Ida
Published: October 2024

Carbon-silica nanocomposites (CSNs) from gelatin as a carbon source and natural template and TEOS as a silica source have been successfully synthesized and impregnated into ZnO and TiO2 photocatalysts. The structural, morphological, and textural properties and photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation of TiO2/CSNs and ZnO/CSNs were investigated. XRD data revealed that TiO2/CSNs and ZnO/CSNs had different structural characteristics with similar crystallinity. FTIR spectra demonstrated the presence of Zn–O and Ti–OC bonds, respectively, at about 500-450 cm-1 and 1500 cm-1. The morphological surface exhibited stacked tubular shapes of TiO2/CSNs and ZnO/CSNs with the primary elements of Ti, Zn, Si, C, and O. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption curves revealed both micropores and mesopores of TiO2/CSNs and ZnO/CSNs where the surface area reduced due to the blocking pore after impregnation. Moreover, ZnO/CSNs verified a higher degradation percentage against methylene blue than that of TiO2/CSNs. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Belinostat exerts antitumor cytotoxicity through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kong Li R. , Tan Tuan Z. , Ong Weijie R. , Bi Chonglei , Huynh Hung , Lee Soo C. , Chng Wee J. , Eichhorn Pieter J. A. , Goh Boon C.
Published: April 2017

There have been advances in personalized therapy directed by molecular profiles in lung adenocarcinoma, but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The lack of actionable driver oncogenes in SCC has restricted the use of small‐molecule inhibitors. Here, we show that SCC cell lines displayed differential sensitivities to belinostat, a pan‐histone deacetylase inhibitor. Phosphoproteomic analysis of belinostat‐treated SCC cells revealed significant downregulation of the MAPK pathway, along with the induction of apoptosis. In cisplatin‐resistant cells that demonstrated aberrant MAPK activation, combined treatment with belinostat significantly inhibited cisplatin‐induced ERK phosphorylation and exhibited strong synergistic cytotoxicity. Furthermore, belinostat transcriptionally upregulated the F‐box proteins FBXO3 and FBXW10, which directly targeted son of sevenless (SOS), an upstream regulator of the MAPK pathway, for proteasome‐mediated degradation. Supporting this, suppression of SOS/ERK pathway by belinostat could be abrogated by inhibiting proteasomal activity either with bortezomib or with siRNA knockdown of FBXO3/FBXW10. Taken together, these preclinical data offer a novel understanding of the epigenetic mechanism by which belinostat exerts its cytotoxicity and supports the combination with cisplatin in clinical settings for chemorefractory SCC tumors.
Spatially distributed modeling of soil organic carbon across China with improved accuracy
Authors: Li Qi‐quan , Zhang Hao , Jiang Xin‐ye , Luo Youlin , Wang Chang‐quan , Yue Tian‐xiang , Li Bing , Gao Xue‐song
Published: April 2017

There is a need for more detailed spatial information on soil organic carbon (SOC) for the accurate estimation of SOC stock and earth system models. As it is effective to use environmental factors as auxiliary variables to improve the prediction accuracy of spatially distributed modeling, a combined method (HASM_EF) was developed to predict the spatial pattern of SOC across China using high accuracy surface modeling (HASM), artificial neural network (ANN), and principal component analysis (PCA) to introduce land uses, soil types, climatic factors, topographic attributes, and vegetation cover as predictors. The performance of HASM_EF was compared with ordinary kriging (OK), OK, and HASM combined, respectively, with land uses and soil types (OK_LS and HASM_LS), and regression kriging combined with land uses and soil types (RK_LS). Results showed that HASM_EF obtained the lowest prediction errors and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) presented the relative improvements of 89.91%, 63.77%, 55.86%, and 42.14%, respectively, compared to the other four methods. Furthermore, HASM_EF generated more details and more realistic spatial information on SOC. The improved performance of HASM_EF can be attributed to the introduction of more environmental factors, to explicit consideration of the multicollinearity of selected factors and the spatial nonstationarity and nonlinearity of relationships between SOC and selected factors, and to the performance of HASM and ANN. This method may play a useful tool in providing more precise spatial information on soil parameters for global modeling across large areas.
Cloud and circulation feedbacks in a near‐global aquaplanet cloud‐resolving model
Authors: Narenpitak Pornampai , Bretherton Christopher S. , Khairoutdinov Marat F.
Published: April 2017

A near‐global aquaplanet cloud‐resolving model (NGAqua) with fixed meridionally varying sea‐surface temperature (SST) is used to investigate cloud feedbacks due to three climate perturbations: a uniform 4 K SST increase, a quadrupled‐CO2 concentration, and both combined. NGAqua has a horizontal resolution of 4 km with no cumulus parameterization. Its domain is a zonally periodic 20,480 km‐long tropical channel, spanning 46°S–N. It produces plausible mean distributions of clouds, rainfall, and winds. After spin‐up, 80 days are analyzed for the control and increased‐SST simulations, and 40 days for those with quadrupled CO2. The Intertropical Convergence Zone width and tropical cloud cover are not strongly affected by SST warming or CO2 increase, except for the expected upward shift in high clouds with warming, but both perturbations weaken the Hadley circulation. Increased SST induces a statistically significant increase in subtropical low cloud fraction and in‐cloud liquid water content but decreases midlatitude cloud, yielding slightly positive domain‐mean shortwave cloud feedbacks. CO2 quadrupling causes a slight shallowing and a statistically insignificant reduction of subtropical low cloud fraction. Warming‐induced low cloud changes are strongly correlated with changes in estimated inversion strength, which increases modestly in the subtropics but decreases in the midlatitudes. Enhanced clear‐sky boundary layer radiative cooling in the warmer climate accompanies the robust subtropical low cloud increase. The probability distribution of column relative humidity across the tropics and subtropics is compared between the control and increased‐SST simulations. It shows no evidence of bimodality or increased convective aggregation in a warmer climate.
An efficient and stable hydrodynamic model with novel source term discretization schemes for overland flow and flood simulations
Authors: Xia Xilin , Liang Qiuhua , Ming Xiaodong , Hou Jingming
Published: April 2017

Numerical models solving the full 2‐D shallow water equations (SWEs) have been increasingly used to simulate overland flows and better understand the transient flow dynamics of flash floods in a catchment. However, there still exist key challenges that have not yet been resolved for the development of fully dynamic overland flow models, related to (1) the difficulty of maintaining numerical stability and accuracy in the limit of disappearing water depth and (2) inaccurate estimation of velocities and discharges on slopes as a result of strong nonlinearity of friction terms. This paper aims to tackle these key research challenges and present a new numerical scheme for accurately and efficiently modeling large‐scale transient overland flows over complex terrains. The proposed scheme features a novel surface reconstruction method (SRM) to correctly compute slope source terms and maintain numerical stability at small water depth, and a new implicit discretization method to handle the highly nonlinear friction terms. The resulting shallow water overland flow model is first validated against analytical and experimental test cases and then applied to simulate a hypothetic rainfall event in the 42 km2 Haltwhistle Burn, UK.
The magic of fairy circles: Built or created?
Authors: Sahagian Dork
Published: April 2017

Fairy circles are rings of relatively dense grass in arid regions with sparse vegetation. The most famous examples are found in the Namib Desert. There has been an ongoing debate regarding the origin of these features, and a recent paper by Ravi et al. (2017, doi:10.1002/2016JG003604) sheds some light on this situation.
Propulsion in Ice
Authors: Veitch Brian
Published: April 2017

Operational requirements of ships that navigate in ice‐covered waters are important drivers for the design of the ships' propulsion systems and powering. Using typical operational requirements to illustrate, connections are made to the design of the propeller, propulsion system machinery, and powering. Propeller–ice interaction is a unique feature of ships that operate in ice. It affects elements of propulsion efficiency as well as the strength of the propulsion system components, particularly the propellers. The physical processes involved in propeller–ice interaction are described, including how ice contact forces are imposed on propellers and how the propellers are consequently loaded. Design implications of propeller–ice interaction and ice loads are discussed. A method for estimating propulsion power at the early stages of design is presented and some machinery types are identified. The article begins with a review of the elements of propulsion efficiency and power to put the discussion of propulsion in ice into context.
Ship Performance Prediction
Authors: Bose Neil , Binns Jonathan R.
Published: April 2017

The basis of ship powering prediction from model experiments is presented together with the different methods in use for extrapolation of ship powering estimates. The methodology used has been to refer back to Froude's Law of Comparison and describe the three tests in use for powering prediction (resistance, propeller open water, and propulsion tests), the use of a form factor and the difficulties of its determination, the contributors to uncertainty in the extrapolation process, and points of attention to watch for in the powering prediction process. The presentation concludes by emphasizing how uncertainty can be reduced and the accuracy of the powering prediction process can be improved.
Rudder Types and Applications
Authors: Molland Anthony F.
Published: April 2017

The roles of the rudder, rudder types, and applications are described. Rudder geometry and rudder forces are defined and sources of design data identified including those for all‐movable and semibalanced skeg rudders. The rudder design process is described, noting the required input parameters, input flow conditions, and output performance characteristics including forces and center of pressure, torque, and bending moment. Analysis of the rudder structure is outlined and examples of structural arrangements are given. Applications of numerical methods applied to rudder design and rudder–propeller interaction are summarized and discussed.
Estimation of Extreme Met‐Ocean Conditions for Offshore Engineering Applications
Authors: Panchang Vijay , Jeong Chan K.
Published: April 2017

Engineers design structures are often expected to withstand extreme environmental loads. In the context of offshore engineering, such loads are due largely to very high waves and winds that occur relatively infrequently. A critical aspect of design therefore consists of estimating environmental conditions with a low probability of occurrence or a high “return period.” The estimation of such conditions is reviewed in this article. While some commonly used techniques have been described in earlier review papers and books, this article provides a primer (in the early part which describes the basic methodology and commonly used distributions) and also summarizes many recent developments that are now in vogue. In particular, salient features of the following are described: new tools for parameter estimation, distributions such as the generalized extreme value and the Pareto distributions that were hitherto not commonly used, methods to incorporate trends in the data (e.g., from the viewpoint of climate change and sea level rise), methods to use multiple maxima in the data sets, modeled global data sets that have become widely available, and new software for obtaining the desired estimates efficiently. These advances, along with an understanding of various associated difficulties, can help the engineer make more informed choices regarding the estimation of extreme conditions for design.
De novo REEP2 missense mutation in pure hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Roda Ricardo H. , Schindler Alice B. , Blackstone Craig
Published: April 2017

Alterations in proteins that regulate endoplasmic reticulum morphology are common causes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG1‐78, plus others). Mutations in the REEP1 gene that encodes an endoplasmic reticulum‐shaping protein are well‐known causes of SPG31, a common autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia. A closely‐related gene, REEP2, is mutated in SPG72, with both autosomal and recessive inheritances. Here, we report a patient with a pure hereditary spastic paraplegia due to a de novo missense mutation (c.119T > G, p.Met40Arg) in REEP2 at a highly‐conserved residue very close to another known pathogenic missense change. This represents only the second autosomal dominant SPG72 missense mutation reported.
Synthesis and Assembly of Click‐Nucleic‐Acid‐Containing PEG–PLGA Nanoparticles for DNA Delivery
Authors: Harguindey Albert , Domaille Dylan W. , Fairbanks Benjamin D. , Wagner Justine , Bowman Christopher N. , Cha Jennifer N.
Published: April 2017

Co‐delivery of both chemotherapy drugs and siRNA from a single delivery vehicle can have a significant impact on cancer therapy due to the potential for overcoming issues such as drug resistance. However, the inherent chemical differences between charged nucleic acids and hydrophobic drugs have hindered entrapment of both components within a single carrier. While poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PEG–PLGA) copolymers have been used successfully for targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs, loading of DNA or RNA has been poor. It is demonstrated that significant amounts of DNA can be encapsulated within PLGA‐containing nanoparticles through the use of a new synthetic DNA analog, click nucleic acids (CNAs). First, triblock copolymers of PEG‐CNA‐PLGA are synthesized and then formulated into polymer nanoparticles from oil‐in‐water emulsions. The CNA‐containing particles show high encapsulation of DNA complementary to the CNA sequence, whereas PEG‐PLGA alone shows minimal DNA loading, and non‐complementary DNA strands do not get encapsulated within the PEG‐CNA‐PLGA nanoparticles. Furthermore, the dye pyrene can be successfully co‐loaded with DNA and lastly, a complex, larger DNA sequence that contains an overhang complementary to the CNA can also be encapsulated, demonstrating the potential utility of the CNA‐containing particles as carriers for chemotherapy agents and gene silencers.
Abrasion‐Resistant, Hot Water‐Repellent and Self‐Cleaning Superhydrophobic Surfaces Fabricated by Electrophoresis of Nanoparticles in Electrodeposited Sol–Gel Films
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Fen , Zhao Ji‐Peng , Hu Ji‐Ming
Published: April 2017

The present work reports on a new strategy for fabrication of mechanically stable and environmental‐friendly superhydrophobic surfaces. First, a novel cost‐effective approach is developed to synthesize superhydrophobic SiO2 (SH‐SiO2) nanoparticles at room temperature through the reaction between the surface reactive groups on commercial SiO2 nanoparticles and the long‐chain alkyl fluorine‐free organosilane. Then, the superhydrophobic films are constructed by electrophoresis of SH‐SiO2 nanoparticles into a matrix of robust and highly porous electrodeposited silica film. The as‐prepared superhydrophobic composite surfaces exhibit high abrasion resistance, excellent repellency even to hot water droplet, and good self‐cleaning properties in either air or oil environment.
Few‐Layer Phosphorene‐Decorated Microfiber for All‐Optical Thresholding and Optical Modulation
Authors: Zheng Jilin , Tang Xian , Yang Zhenghua , Liang Zhiming , Chen Yunxiang , Wang Ke , Song Yufeng , Zhang Ying , Ji Jianhua , Liu Yong , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Han
Published: April 2017

Phosphorene, mono/few‐layered black phosphorous with advantages of tunable energy bandgaps and strong light–matter interaction, is fabricated by electrochemical intercalation with large area (≈3 µm) and controllable thickness (mainly four layers). Thanks to the direct gap and resonant absorption of four‐layer phosphorene at the telecommunication band, all‐optical thresholding and optical modulation are demonstrated for optical communications by using few‐layer phosphorene‐decorated microfibers. This device is experimentally verified as an efficient noise suppressor that can enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio and reshape the deteriorated signal pulse, and also as an optical modulator that can switch the signal on/off by pumping light. The findings, as the first prototypic device of all‐optical thresholding and optical modulation, might facilitate the development of phosphorene‐based optical communication technologies.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Sulfonylation of C(sp2)–H Bonds with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Liu Shuang‐Liang , Li Xue‐Hong , Zhang Shu‐Sheng , Hou Sheng‐Kai , Yang Guang‐Chao , Gong Jun‐Fang , Song Mao‐Ping
Published: April 2017

The first nickel‐catalyzed ortho‐sulfonylation of C(sp2)–H bonds with sodium sulfinates directed by (pyridin‐2‐yl)isopropylamine (PIP‐amine) is described. This strategy exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance with high monosulfonylation selectivity. Besides arenes and heteroarenes, the reaction can also be extended to alkenes, providing diverse diaryl and alkyl aryl sulfones in high yields. Furthermore, a plausible Ni(I)/Ni(III) mechanism is outlined based on our experimental results and related precedents.

magnified image
Consumer preferences for pork attributes related to traceability, information certification, and origin labeling: Based on China's Jiangsu Province
Authors: Wu Linhai , Gong Xiaoru , Qin Shasha , Chen Xiujuan , Zhu Dian , Hu Wuyang , Li Qingguang
Published: April 2017

In this study, 110 consumers in Wuxi, China's Jiangsu Province were surveyed for their preferences for traceable pork in a real choice experiment. Using random parameters logit and latent class logit models, results revealed that consumers had the highest willingness to pay (WTP) for government certification of traceability information authenticity. Consumers also had higher WTP for origin labeling compared to uncertified traceability information. Moreover, traceability to slaughter and processing was viewed as a substitute for local farming labeling and complement to non‐local farming labeling. Despite the heterogeneity among consumer groups, all consumers had some positive WTP for the local farming labeling attribute of traceable pork. Therefore, it is beneficial to include origin labeling in the traceable food attribute systems during the initial construction of traceable food markets in China.
Lower face asymmetry as a marker for developmental instability
Authors: Hujoel Philippe P. , Masterson Erin E. , Bollen A‐M
Published: April 2017

Objectives

Fluctuating asymmetries in the craniofacial skeleton have been shown to be predictive for mortality from degenerative diseases. We investigate whether lower face asymmetries are a potential marker for the developmental origins of health and disease.

Methods

The lower face of a representative sample of 6654 12‐ to 17‐year old United States (US) adolescents (1966‐1970, National Health Examination Survey III) was classified as asymmetric when the mandibular teeth occluded prognathically (forward) or retrognathically (backward) on one side of the face only. It was investigated whether these lower face asymmetries were directional (preferentially to the left or the right) or fluctuating (random left‐right distribution) in the US population.

Results

Lower face asymmetries affected 1 in 4 of the US adolescents. Unilateral retrognathic dental occlusions were fluctuating asymmetries, had a US prevalence of 17.0% (95% confidence interval: 15.5‐18.4) and were associated with race/ethnicity (P < .0001), not with handedness (P < .7607). Unilateral prognathic dental occlusions were directional asymmetries (P < .0001), had a US prevalence of 7.6% (95% confidence interval: 6.4‐8.7) and were associated with large household size (P < .001) and handedness (P < .0223). Lower face asymmetries were not associated with distinct heritable traits such as color blindness.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that lower face asymmetries are a marker for environmental stress and cerebral lateralization during early development.
Density correlations and transport in models of many‐body localization
Authors: Prelovšek P. , Mierzejewski M. , Barišić O. , Herbrych J.
Published: April 2017

We present a review of recent theoretical results concerning the many‐body localization (MBL) phenomenon, with the emphasis on dynamical density correlations and transport quantities. They are shown to be closely related, providing a comprehensive description of the ergodic‐to‐nonergodic transition, consistent with experimental findings. While the focus is set mostly on the one‐dimensional model of interacting spinless fermions, we also present evidence for the absence of full MBL in the one‐dimensional Hubbard model and for the density‐wave decay induced by the inter‐chain coupling.

image
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Restricts Gd–Aqua‐Ligand Dynamics
Authors: Boros Eszter , Srinivas Raja , Kim Hee‐Kyung , Raitsimring Arnold M. , Astashkin Andrei V. , Poluektov Oleg G. , Niklas Jens , Horning Andrew D. , Tidor Bruce , Caravan Peter
Published: April 2017

Aqua ligands can undergo rapid internal rotation about the M−O bond. For magnetic resonance contrast agents, this rotation results in diminished relaxivity. Herein, we show that an intramolecular hydrogen bond to the aqua ligand can reduce this internal rotation and increase relaxivity. Molecular modeling was used to design a series of four Gd complexes capable of forming an intramolecular H‐bond to the coordinated water ligand, and these complexes had anomalously high relaxivities compared to similar complexes lacking a H‐bond acceptor. Molecular dynamics simulations supported the formation of a stable intramolecular H‐bond, while alternative hypotheses that could explain the higher relaxivity were systematically ruled out. Intramolecular H‐bonding represents a useful strategy to limit internal water rotational motion and increase relaxivity of Gd complexes.
Treatment of self‐injurious behavior using differential punishment of high rates of behavior (DPH)
Authors: Manente Christopher J. , LaRue Robert H.
Published: April 2017

The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the effectiveness of differential punishment of high rates of behavior (DPH) to treat the severe self‐injury of a 28‐year‐old man with autism in an adult day program setting. DPH procedures involve the use of an established criterion related to a rate of responding within some time interval at which a punisher is delivered. The implementation of DPH in this study resulted in a substantial long‐term reduction of severe self‐injurious behavior. These findings are significant in that they provide a model for the design and implementation of punishment procedures that can be adopted in applied settings where staff resources are limited. The results of this study have implications for the treatment of severe problem behavior among individuals with autism across settings and age groups.
Impact of simulated three-dimensional perception on precision of depth judgements, technical performance and perceived workload in laparoscopy
Authors: Sakata S , Grove P M , Hill A , Watson M O , Stevenson A R L
Published: April 2017

Background

This study compared precision of depth judgements, technical performance and workload using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic displays across different viewing distances. It also compared the accuracy of 3D displays with natural viewing, along with the relationship between stereoacuity and 3D laparoscopic performance.

Methods

A counterbalanced within-subjects design with random assignment to testing sequences was used. The system could display 2D or 3D images with the same set-up. A Howard–Dolman apparatus assessed precision of depth judgements, and three laparoscopic tasks (peg transfer, navigation in space and suturing) assessed performance (time to completion). Participants completed tasks in all combinations of two viewing modes (2D, 3D) and two viewing distances (1 m, 3 m). Other measures administered included the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (perceived workload) and the Randot® Stereotest (stereoacuity).

Results

Depth judgements were 6·2 times as precise at 1 m and 3·0 times as precise at 3 m using 3D versus 2D displays (P < 0·001). Participants performed all laparoscopic tasks faster in 3D at both 1 and 3 m (P < 0.001), with mean completion times up to 64 per cent shorter for 3D versus 2D displays. Workload was lower for 3D displays (up to 34 per cent) than for 2D displays at both viewing distances (P < 0·001). Greater viewing distance inhibited performance for two laparoscopic tasks, and increased perceived workload for all three (P < 0·001). Higher stereoacuity was associated with shorter completion times for the navigating in space task performed in 3D at 1 m (r = − 0·40, P = 0·001).

Conclusion

3D displays offer large improvements over 2D displays in precision of depth judgements, technical performance and perceived workload.
Formaldehyde‐Extruding Homolytic Aromatic Substitution via C→O Transposition: Selective ‘Traceless‐Linker’ access to Congested Biaryl Bonds
Authors: Poonpatana Pabhon , dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , Hurrle Thomas , Chardon Kimhoa , Bräse Stefan , Masters Kye‐Simeon , Alabugin Igor
Published: April 2017

A new, selective way to form C−C bonds has been developed. In this report, we disclose the homolytic aromatic substitution via C→O transposition coupled with the elimination of formaldehyde (as a traceless linker). Computational analysis indicates the selectivity can be tuned by sterics in the starting materials following an ipso‐attack that leads to the C→O transposition.
Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Materials for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Asefa Tewodros , Huang Xiaoxi
Published: April 2017

Fuel cells, water electrolyzers, and metal‐air batteries are important energy systems that have started to play some roles in our renewable energy landscapes. However, despite much research works carried out on them, they have not yet found large‐scale applications, mainly due to the unavailability of sustainable catalysts that can catalyze the reactions employed in them. Currently, noble metal‐based materials are the ones that are commonly used as catalysts in most commercial fuel cells, electrolyzers, and metal‐air batteries. Hence, there has been considerable research efforts worldwide to find alternative noble metal‐free and metal‐free catalysts composed of inexpensive, earth‐abundant elements for use in the catalytic reactions employed in these energy systems. In this concept paper, a brief introduction on catalysis in renewable energy systems, followed by the recent efforts to develop sustainable, heteroatom‐doped carbon and non‐noble metal‐based electrocatalysts, the challenges to unravel their structure‐catalytic activity relationships, and the authors’ perspectives on these topics and materials, are discussed.
Induced Rate Performance Enhancement in Off‐Stoichiometric Na3+3xV2−x(PO4)3 with Potential Applicability as the Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Aragón María J. , Lavela Pedro , Ortiz Gregorio F. , Alcántara Ricardo , Tirado José L.
Published: April 2017

Off‐stoichiometric Na3+3xV2−x(PO4)3 samples have been prepared by a sol‐gel route. X‐ray diffraction and XPS revealed the flexibility of the NASICON framework to accommodate these deviations of the stoichiometry; at least for low x values. X‐ray photoelectron spectra evidenced the presence of Na4P2O7 impurities. The synergic combination of the structural deviations and the presence of Na4P2O7 impurities induce a significant improvement of the electrochemical performance and cycling stability at high rates, as compared to the stoichiometric Na3V2(PO4)3 sample. The fast kinetic response provided by the induced off‐stoichiometry involves a decrease of the cell resistance.
Enantioselective Cascade Reaction for Synthesis of Quinolinones through Synergistic Catalysis Using Cu–Pybox and Chiral Benzotetramisole as Catalysts
Authors: Lu Xuehe , Ge Luo , Cheng Cang , Chen Jie , Cao Weiguo , Wu Xiaoyu
Published: April 2017

In contrast to the well‐studied asymmetric catalyzed synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines, the asymmetric methodologies toward 3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2‐ones are quite rare. Herein, the first asymmetric cascade reaction is reported between ethynyl benzoxazinanones and mixed‐anhydrides generated from aryl acetic acids and pivaloyl chloride, based on synergistic catalysis. This allowed the formation of attractive 3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2‐ones bearing two vicinal chiral centers at C3 and C4 in high yields with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. A plausible chiral induction model for this reaction was proposed. The utility of this methodology was exemplified by further elaboration of the cyclization products by removal of the N‐protecting groups.
Treatment experiences of Latinas after diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Katz Steven J. , Wallner Lauren P. , Abrahamse Paul H. , Janz Nancy K. , Martinez Kathryn A. , Shumway Dean A. , Hamilton Ann S. , Ward Kevin C. , Resnicow Kenneth A. , Hawley Sarah T.
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

The authors examined racial/ethnic differences in patient perspectives regarding their breast cancer treatment experiences.

METHODS

A weighted random sample of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer between 2013 and 2015 in Los Angeles County and Georgia were sent surveys 2 months after undergoing surgery (5080 women; 70% response rate). The analytic sample was limited to patients residing in Los Angeles County (2397 women).

RESULTS

The pattern of visits with different specialists before surgery was found to be similar across racial/ethnic groups. Low acculturated Latinas (Latinas‐LA) were less likely to report high clinician communication quality for both surgeons and medical oncologists (<69% vs >72% for all other groups; P<.05). The percentage of patients who reported high satisfaction regarding how physicians worked together was similar across racial/ethnic groups. Latinas‐LA were more likely to have a low autonomy decision style (48% vs 24%‐50% for all other groups; P<.001) and were more likely to report receiving too much information versus other ethnic groups (20% vs <16% for other groups; P<.001). Patients who reported a low autonomy decision style were more likely to rate the amount of information they received for the surgery decision as “too much” (16% vs 9%; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

There appears to be moderate disparity in breast cancer treatment communication and decision‐making experiences reported by Latinas‐LA versus other groups. The approach to treatment decision making by Latinas‐LA represents an important challenge to health care providers. Initiatives are needed to improve patient engagement in decision making and increase clinician awareness of these challenges in this patient population. Cancer 2017;123:3022–30. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
High‐throughput, label‐free, single‐cell, microalgal lipid screening by machine‐learning‐equipped optofluidic time‐stretch quantitative phase microscopy
Authors: Guo Baoshan , Lei Cheng , Kobayashi Hirofumi , Ito Takuro , Yalikun Yaxiaer , Jiang Yiyue , Tanaka Yo , Ozeki Yasuyuki , Goda Keisuke
Published: April 2017

The development of reliable, sustainable, and economical sources of alternative fuels to petroleum is required to tackle the global energy crisis. One such alternative is microalgal biofuel, which is expected to play a key role in reducing the detrimental effects of global warming as microalgae absorb atmospheric CO2 via photosynthesis. Unfortunately, conventional analytical methods only provide population‐averaged lipid amounts and fail to characterize a diverse population of microalgal cells with single‐cell resolution in a non‐invasive and interference‐free manner. Here high‐throughput label‐free single‐cell screening of lipid‐producing microalgal cells with optofluidic time‐stretch quantitative phase microscopy was demonstrated. In particular, Euglena gracilis, an attractive microalgal species that produces wax esters (suitable for biodiesel and aviation fuel after refinement), within lipid droplets was investigated. The optofluidic time‐stretch quantitative phase microscope is based on an integration of a hydrodynamic‐focusing microfluidic chip, an optical time‐stretch quantitative phase microscope, and a digital image processor equipped with machine learning. As a result, it provides both the opacity and phase maps of every single cell at a high throughput of 10,000 cells/s, enabling accurate cell classification without the need for fluorescent staining. Specifically, the dataset was used to characterize heterogeneous populations of E. gracilis cells under two different culture conditions (nitrogen‐sufficient and nitrogen‐deficient) and achieve the cell classification with an error rate of only 2.15%. The method holds promise as an effective analytical tool for microalgae‐based biofuel production. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The value of the UroVysion® FISH assay in the risk‐stratification of patients with “atypical urothelial cells” in urinary cytology specimens
Authors: Virk Renu K. , Abro Schuharazad , de Ubago Julianne Muus Martinez , Pambuccian Stefan E. , Quek Marcus L. , Wojcik Eva M. , Mehrotra Swati , Chatt Grazina U. , Barkan Güliz A.
Published: April 2017

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of the UroVysion® fluorescent in situ hybridization test (U‐FISH) to stratify the risk of urothelial carcinoma (UC) in patients with a diagnosis of “atypical urothelial cells” (AUC) in urinary tract cytology (UTCy).

Methods

Using a histologic diagnosis of UC and respectively of high grade UC (HGUC) within 12 months of the index UTCy as a reference standard, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of U‐FISH for patients with AUC diagnosed 2008 to 2014.

Results

Of the 377 patients with AUC, 62 (16.45%) were diagnosed with UC (29 low grade UC and 33 HGUC) within 12 months. U‐FISH were uninformative in 45 (11.94%), positive in 63 (16.71%) and negative in 269 (71.35%). UC was diagnosed more frequently in patients with positive than in those with negative U‐ FISH results (31/63, 49.21% vs. 25/269, 9.29%, P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of U‐FISH in the setting of AUC were 44.64%, 81.82%, 47.17%, 80.25%, and 71.91% for UC and respectively 48.39%, 78.77%. 28.3%, 89.81%, and 74.29% for HGUC. U‐FISH showed a high false positive rate (28/53, 52.83%) that remained high even after extended follow‐up, arguing against “anticipatory positive” results.

Conclusions

U‐FISH allows risk stratification in patients with AUC. However, its usefulness is diminished by the high false‐positive rate, making it important to interpret U‐ FISH results in the patient's clinical context. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:481–500. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The professional Twitter account: creation, proper maintenance, and continuous successful operation
Authors: Madrigal Emilio , Jiang Xiaoyin (Sara) , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita
Published: April 2017

Social networking platforms have created a unique venue for pathologists and associated stakeholders to communicate and share information in a rapidly proliferating field. Among the myriad of available platforms, Twitter has become one of the most widely accepted by healthcare professionals, for its ease of use, similarities to a real life conversation, and vast global reach. Although the adaptation rate of Twitter continues to grow, many healthcare professionals perceive the establishment and maintenance of an online presence to be a daunting task, leaving some on the outside, looking in. By creating this practical reference, we hope to elucidate the necessary steps for pathologists and their organizations to join and effectively engage the healthcare community on Twitter.

The reader is encouraged to review the provided glossary of key terms (Table 1) and the anatomy of a tweet (Figure 1) before reading this Timely Review. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:621–628. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incidental primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration in a patient presenting with transient ischemic attack and stroke
Authors: Francischetti Ivo M. B. , Cajigas Antonio , Suhrland Mark , Farinhas Joaquim M. , Khader Samer
Published: April 2017

We describe a case of a 41‐year old male patient with no significant prior medical history who presents with symptoms of Transient Ischemic Attack and stroke. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain identified areas of ischemia in the left side, and angiography showed occlusion of the left Medial Cerebral Artery (MCA). Cardiac Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) for stroke evaluation incidentally noted a mediastinal abnormality leading to cancer work‐up. Computer Tomography (CT) and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET‐CT scan of the chest incidentally revealed an avid 6 cm paraesophagial/subcarinal mass. Further diagnostic work‐up with endoscopic and endobronchial ultra sound (EBUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass yielded a cytology diagnosis of Germ Cell Tumor (GCT), with choriocarcinoma component. Additionally, high plasma levels of β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐HCG) were detected with no evidence of testicular tumor. This exceedingly rare presentation for a primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma underscores the importance of complete investigation of young patients presenting with neurological symptoms compatible with ischemic events. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:738–743. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.