bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Duration Soft X-Ray Pulses by XeCl Laser Driven Plasmas and Applications
Authors: Bollanti S. , Di. Lazzaro P. , Flora F. , Giordano G. , Letardi T. , Schina G. , Zheng C. E. , Filippi L. , Palladino L. , Reale A. , Taglieri G. , Batani D. , Mauri A. , Belli M. , Scafati A. , Reale L. , Albertano P. , Grilli A. , Faenov A. , Pikuz T. , Cotton R.
Published: December 2019

We report the characterization of a soft x-ray plasma source generated by a long-pulse XeCl excimer laser system. The output energy is 4 J at a wavelength of 308 nm in a 100-ns pulse. The intensity of radiation on target is estimated to be 4 × 1012 W cm−2. X-ray emission spectra of the plasma have been recorded using a double focusing spatial resolution spectrometer with a spherical mica crystal. From these measurements, the plasma temperature and electron density have been estimated. Various applications of such a plasma source have been investigated. First images of whole intact living cells from our system, imaged using the technique of soft x-ray contact microscopy, utilizing x rays in the “water window” region (280–530 eV), are shown. The suitability of the source for other applications, for example, x-ray lithography and radiation damage studies, to living cells are discussed. Possible improvements to the x-ray source for the various applications are proposed.
Double Shell Liners As an Active Medium for X-Ray Lasers
Authors: Sorokin S. A. , Chaikovsky S. A.
Published: December 2019

The operation of x-ray lasers has been successfully demonstrated in laser-produced plasmas. Pulsed-power-driven plasmas of imploding liners offer potentially higher overall efficiencies and less expensive drivers as compared with laser-produced plasmas. Stabilization of a liner implosion is the main problem to be solved to achieve x-ray lasing in liners. Stable liner implosions can be obtained using some methods of liner stabilization. A helical driving magnetic field, a double shell liner structure, and initial axial magnetic field were used to stabilize liner implosions on the SNOP-3 generator (Imax ≃ 1.1 MA, τ ≃ 100 ns). Using a capillary discharge in Fe2O3 to form the inner shell, a stable pinch of iron-bearing plasma with a diameter 150–200 μm and an ion density of (2–4) × 1020 cm−3 was observed. Comparison with theoretical calculations shows that it is possible to create conditions conducive to lasing in neon-like iron using double shell liner implosions On the SNOP-3 generator.
Multiple Reflections in Single Crystals as a Tool for X-Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Fraenkel Benjamin S.
Published: December 2019

The process of multiple x-ray reflections in single crystals is presented as a tool for x-ray spectroscopy. Among the possible applications it is shown that monochromatic spatial resolution of the x-ray source may be obtained through this process. With this method the distribution of variously ionized ions in laser-produced plasmas may be determined. Absolute wavelength values of x-ray transitions can be obtained. The x-ray emission qualities of x-ray tubes can be determined.
ReflEXAFS Spectroscopy of Thin Fe/Sc Multilayers
Authors: Ponomarev Yu. V. , Palkin A. B. , Savel'ev A. B. , Salaschenko N. N.
Published: December 2019

For two three-layer systems, Sc/Fe/Sc and Fe/Sc/Fe, the fine structure in specular reflected x rays above the Fe K-edge has been investigated experimentally. Computer simulation of ReflEXAFS formation on multilayered structures has been done. Estimates of each layer's thickness and density as well as of local atomic order in Fe layers have been obtained. The possibility of ultrathin-layer investigations (down to a few angstroms) has been analyzed.
Applications and Measurements of Polycapillary X-Ray Optics
Authors: MacDonald C. A.
Published: December 2019

The recent invention of Kumakhov polycapillary x-ray and neutron optics has expanded the ways x-ray beams can be controlled. X rays incident on the interior of glass tubes at small angles can be guided down the tubes by total external reflection. Now, arrays of curved tapered capillaries can be used to focus, collimate, and filter x-ray radiation. Extensive research is being conducted on the performance and potential applications of these optics. Potential medical applications include mammography, digital energy subtraction angiography, and focused beam therapy. Other applications are x-ray lithography, x-ray astronomy, crystal diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and neutron prompt gamma analysis.
An Analysis of Biological Hard Tissues Using the Tomographic Reconstruction Error Formula
Authors: Davis G. R. , Munshi P. , Elliott J. C.
Published: December 2019

A variety of teeth and bone specimens have been scanned using the constant statistics tomographic scanner developed at the London Hospital Medical College. Each data set has been reconstructed with several Hamming filters, and for a geometric resolution ranging from 20 to 50 micrometers. The reconstructions have been studied using the approximate error formula for the convolution backprojection algorithm. Some inferences are made on the relative structure of the cross sections.
High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography Using a Solid-State Linear Detector
Authors: Kaftandjian V. , Peix G. , Babot D. , Peyrin F.
Published: December 2019

In this paper we present an original low cost acquisition system for computed tomographic imaging. On the first hand, the use of a linear detector consisting of sensitive elements 0.225 mm × 0.5 mm in size allows one to obtain a resolution of about 150 μm after magnification. Image quality has been assessed in terms of spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity by imaging test objects. The images of in vitro vertebrae acquired by this experimental system show great improvement compared to the images acquired by a conventional medical scanner. On the other hand, an even better resolution (25 μm) has been obtained by using an x-ray sensitive Vidicon camera, and an industrial application is presented with advanced composite materials.
Enhanced X-Ray Detectors Using Polar Dopants for KCD Digital Radiography
Authors: Giakos G. C. , Devidas S. , Pillai B. , Dibianca F. A. , Chowdhury S. , Ghotra P. , Nagarajan S. , Jordan L. M. , Endorf R. J.
Published: December 2019

The goal of this study is to develop high resolution imaging detectors with applications in digital radiography and computed tomography. A physical treatment aimed at a better understanding of the line-spread function response of kinestatic charge detector (KCD) gas media, using dopants with permanent electric dipoles, is presented. Experimental results were obtained by operating a KCD krypton-filled detector at pressures up to 60 atm and constant electric field-to-gas density ratio doped with small amounts of polar or nonpolar polyatomic molecules with low or high ionization potential. The results clearly indicate that the addition of dopants having both low ionization potential and high dipole moment significantly enhance the imaging signal quality. An analysis of the experimental results aimed at providing a plausible interpretation of the reported observations is offered.
Effects of a Near-Surface Transition Layer on X-Ray Reflection and Scattering
Authors: Artioukov Igor A. , Asadchikov Viktor E. , Kozhevnikov Igor V.
Published: December 2019

The influence of smooth (not step-like) variation of the dielectric function near a surface on the reflectivity and scattering of x rays is investigated theoretically with the model function ε(z) = 1 − 0.5(1 − ε+)(l + tanh(z/(2L))) taken as an example. It is shown that the presence of the transition layer can essentially change the shape of the differential scattering intensity diagram, especially when the incidence angle of the x-ray beam is greater than the critical angle of the total external reflection (TER). The results of measurements of the x-ray reflection coefficient and the differential scattered intensity are discussed. The model of the near-surface transition layer is shown to describe quantitatively the specific features of experimental curves for the incident beam beyond the TER region, whereas these experimental data cannot be explained in the framework of a step-like model of the dielectric function, taking into account the scattering from surface roughness.
Action Constant for Bremsstrahlung from Electron-and-Nucleus Collisions
Authors: Linlor William I.
Published: December 2019

The analysis of bremsstrahlung events presented in this paper is based on conservation of energy. It develops an action constant that applies to any nucleus. The constant differs from Planck’s constant; it is needed to obtain a relation for the bremsstrahlung power radiated from a plasma per unit volume. The equation agrees with experimental tests and leads to the conclusion that magnetically confined plasmas cannot produce self-sustaining fusion power.
The X-Ray CCDs Developed for the Joint European X-Ray Telescope
Authors: Owens Alan , Abbey A. F. , Brauninger H. , Burkert W. , Castelli C. , Chapman H. , Dowson J. , Li Y. , McCarthy Kieran J. , Pool P. , Sims M. R. , Spragg J. , Watson D.J. , Wells A. , Willingale R.
Published: December 2019

The charge coupled devices (CCDs) developed for the Joint European X-ray Telescope (JET-X) are described in detail. A history of the development program and device performance is given. We present results from a comprehensive study to characterize the x-ray response of the flight model focal plane detectors. The goal of the program is to calibrate the efficiency, energy resolution, gain, etc. down to a precision of ~1%. Final calibration data sets will be based on combinations of measurements and calculations. For example, the CCD quantum efficiency will be composed of discrete line measurements made at the University of Leicester test facility and calculation and synchrotron measurements from the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS). The absolute normalizations will be provided by x-ray long beam pipe measurements at the Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) Panter test facility in Munich. Using the available data, it is shown that it is possible to calibrate the quantum efficiency, the FWHM energy resolution, and the system gain of the flight devices to better than 1%.
The Spin Dependent Momentum Density of Hexagonal Close Packed Cobalt
Authors: Lawson P. K. , Timms D. N. , Dixon M. A. G. , Cooper M. J. , Mccarthy J. E. , Hämäläinen K. , Manninen S. , Tschentscher T.
Published: December 2019

Directional-spin-dependent Compton profiles of ferromagnetic hexagonal close packed cobalt metal have been measured with 117 keV and 167 keV circularly polarized synchrotron radiation at the new ESRF high energy beamline. Significantly improved resolution was achieved at the higher energy. The results have been compared with the profile predicted from an augmented plane wave (APW) calculation of the electron momentum density in the hexagonal phase. No significant difference was found between the c-axis and the basal plane magnetic profiles. The experiments show that there is substantially more 3d spin density at high momentum than in the model calculation. After correcting for this deficiency we find that the 4s−p component of the momentum density remains significantly different than predicted.
Detection and Electrical Properties of Cd1–xZnxTe Detectors at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Egarievwe S. U. , Chen K.-T. , Burger A. , James R. B. , Lisse C. M.
Published: December 2019

We have studied the behavior of Cd1–xZnxTe detectors in the temperature range 24–70°C. The detector count rate stability and leakage currents are presented as a function of voltage, time, and temperature. Detector polarization due to bulk and surface effects leading to a decreased leakage current was observed. At 70°C, the position of the 32 keV photopeak of 133Ba was stable with time. The peak position varies within only 3 keV, and the peak quality factor varied between 0.31 and 0.41, for a 24 h period of operation at a 60 V bias. The net count to total count ratio was also stable, with values varying between 0.56 and 0.59. The net count to total count ratio decreased from 0.78 at 25°C to 0.71 at 60°C. The conclusion is that Cd1–xZnxTe is a promising material for gamma ray detection at temperatures above room temperature.
Mapping of bioluminescent images onto CT volume surface for	dual-modality BLT and CT imaging
Authors: Chen Xueli , Liang Jimin , Qu Xiaochao , Hou Yanbin , Zhu Shouping , Chen Duofang , Gao Xinbo , Tian Jie
Published: December 2019

We present a method for mapping the two-dimensional (2D) bioluminescent images (BLIs) onto a three-dimensional (3D) body surface derived from the computed tomography (CT) volume data. This mapping includes two closely-related steps, the spatial registration of the 2D BLIs into the coordinate system of the CT volume data and the light flux recovering on the body surface from BLIs. By labeling markers on the body surface, we proposed an effective registration method to achieve the spatial position alignment. The subsequent light flux recovering is presented based on the inverse process of the free-space light transport model and taking the influence of the camera lens diaphragm into account. Incorporating the mapping procedure into the bioluminescence tomography (BLT) reconstruction, we developed a dual-modality BLT and CT imaging framework to provide both optical and anatomical information. The accuracy of the registration and the light flux recovering methods were evaluated via physical phantom experiments. The registration method was found to have a mean error of 0.41 mm and 0.35 mm in horizontal and vertical direction, and the accuracy of the light flux recovering method was below 5%. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of the dual-modality BLT/CT imaging framework using a mouse phantom. Preliminary results revealed the potential and feasibility of the dual-modality imaging framework.
The mathematical equivalence of consistency conditions in the	divergent-beam computed tomography
Authors: Tang Shaojie , Xu Qiong , Mou Xuanqin , Tang Xiangyang
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we discuss the mathematical equivalence among four consistency conditions in the divergent-beam computed tomography (CT). The first is the consistency condition derived by Levine et al. by degenerating the John's equation; the second is the integral invariant derived by Wei et al. using the symmetric group theory; the third is the so-called parallel-fan-beam Hilbert projection equality derived by Hamaker et al.; and the fourth is the fan-beam data consistency condition (FDCC) derived by Chen et al. using the complex analysis theory. Historically, most of these consistency conditions were derived by their corresponding authors using complicated mathematical strategies, which are usually not easy to be precisely understood by researchers with only a general engineering mathematical background. In this paper, we symmetrically re-derive all these consistency conditions using a friendly mathematical language. Based on theoretical derivation, it has been found that all these consistency conditions can be viewed as a necessary condition for the specific solution to John's equation. From the physical point of view, all these consistency conditions have been essentially expressed as a similar constraint on the projection data acquired with arbitrary two x-ray source points. Numerical simulations have been carried out to experimentally evaluate and verify their merits.
Fast reconstruction of flat region in a super-short scan based on	MD-FBP algorithm
Authors: Wang Xianchao , Li Lei , Yu Chaoqun , Yan Bin , Bao Shanglian
Published: December 2019

In circular cone-beam computed tomography (CT), although the minimum data filtered-backprojection (MD-FBP) algorithm has many significant applications, such as handling super-short scan problem, its reconstruction efficiency is limited by the heavy calculation of backprojection. In this paper, aiming at the image reconstruction of flat region in a super-short scan, an improved method based on MD-FBP algorithm is developed using an integral operation with fixed integral interval during the implementation of backprojection, which has an improvement in reconstruction efficiency and parallel performance compared with the original MD-FBP algorithm. It is found that if the thickness of the flat region is less than 0.0349 R (R is the scanning radius), the uncertainty of the method can be ignored. When the thickness of reconstructed region is a little fat, it can also be reconstructed by increasing the scanning radius befittingly. The results of numerical simulation and real data experiments have demonstrated the correctness and merits of the proposed method.
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation treatment	and genetic testing for renal cell carcinoma with Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Authors: Gao Yong , Xu Ming , Xu Zuo-Feng , Liu Da-Wei , Tu Xiang-An , Zheng Yan-Ling , Wang Dao-Hu , Sun Xiang-Zhou , Zheng Fu-Fu , Qiu Shao-Peng , Lü Ming-De , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Xie Xiao-Yan , Deng Chun-Hua
Published: December 2019

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation is increasingly being studied in the treatment of renal tumors. Because percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive and nephron-sparing procedure, it is ideally suited for patients with a single kidney, multiple tumors, or contraindications to conventional surgery. We report on a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease who had multicentric tumors in the single kidney that was successfully treated with percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequncy ablation. The one-year follow-up showed that there was no local recurrence or metastasis. And genetic testing showed the patient had a T to G heterozygotic missense mutation at nucleotide 515 of VHL gene exon 1.
A compensating system of respiratory motion for tumor tracking:	Design and verification
Authors: Chuang Ho-Chiao , Chiou Chun-Yang , Tien Der-Chi , Huang Ding-Yang , Wu Ren-Hong , Hsu Chung-Hsien
Published: December 2019

Using the reverse motion of the treatment couch, this study offset the organ displacement generated by respiratory motion to solve the current clinical problem of increasing field sizes and safety margin expansions. This study used the self-designed simulated respiratory system (SRS) coupled with radiochromic EBT film to verify the self-developed respiratory compensation system. Pressure signals were generated from SRS to simulate abdomen movements during respiratory motion. The respiratory compensation system takes the phase of the pressure signals as the respiratory motion phase and adjusts the pressure signal gain to make the compensation signal amplitude close to the displacement of the target region. A linear accelerator is used to irradiate a 300 cGy dose on the EBT film. The experimental results suggested that the average dose percentage in the target region for the sine-wave amplitudes of 5, 10 and 15 mm with compensation improved by 6.9 ∼ 20.3% over the cases without compensation. The 80% isodose area with compensation improved by 22.8 ∼ 77.2% over the cases without compensation. The average dose percentage in the target region with compensation for respiratory motion distances of 5, 10 and 15 mm improved by 10.3 ∼ 18.7%. The 80% isodose area improved by 22.4 ∼ 55.1% after compensation. The average dose percentage of the compensated target region indicates that the proposed respiratory compensation system could improve the issue of the inability to constantly irradiate the target region caused by respiratory motion.
A multi-thread scheduling method for 3D CT image reconstruction	using multi-GPU
Authors: Zhu Yining , Zhao Yunsong , Zhao Xing
Published: December 2019

As a whole process, we present a concept that the complete reconstruction of CT image should include the computation part on GPUs and the data storage part on hard disks. From this point of view, we propose a Multi-Thread Scheduling (MTS) method to implement the 3D CT image reconstruction such as using FDK algorithm, to trade off the computing and storage time. In this method we use Multi-Threads to control GPUs and a separate thread to accomplish data storage, so that we make the calculation and data storage simultaneously. In addition, we use the 4-channel texture to maintain symmetrical projection data in CUDA framework, which can reduce the calculation time significantly. Numerical experiment shows that the time for the whole process with our method is almost the same as the data storage time.
A novel material detection algorithm based on 2D GMM-based power	density function and image detail addition scheme in dual energy X-ray images
Authors: Pourghassem Hossein
Published: December 2019

Material detection is a vital need in dual energy X-ray luggage inspection systems at security of airport and strategic places. In this paper, a novel material detection algorithm based on statistical trainable models using 2-Dimensional power density function (PDF) of three material categories in dual energy X-ray images is proposed. In this algorithm, the PDF of each material category as a statistical model is estimated from transmission measurement values of low and high energy X-ray images by Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). Material label of each pixel of object is determined based on dependency probability of its transmission measurement values in the low and high energy to PDF of three material categories (metallic, organic and mixed materials). The performance of material detection algorithm is improved by a maximum voting scheme in a neighborhood of image as a post-processing stage. Using two background removing and denoising stages, high and low energy X-ray images are enhanced as a pre-processing procedure. For improving the discrimination capability of the proposed material detection algorithm, the details of the low and high energy X-ray images are added to constructed color image which includes three colors (orange, blue and green) for representing the organic, metallic and mixed materials. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on real images that had been captured from a commercial dual energy X-ray luggage inspection system. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and operative in detection of the metallic, organic and mixed materials with acceptable accuracy.
SLATE: Virtualizing multiscale CT training
Authors: Mishra Sourav , Sharma Kriti Sen , Lee Spencer J. , Fox Edward A. , Wang Ge
Published: December 2019

Training on micro- and nano- computed tomography (CT) scanners has been traditionally conducted via extensive practice on the instrument. This entails presence of an instructor to guide through the training procedure, until reasonable experience is attained. Modern tomographic instruments being expensive to maintain, the operational costs escalates with increasing number of training conducted. In a pioneering approach, the technical know-how to operate such equipment has been partly imparted via virtual reality environment running on the Second Life grid. The experimentation has indicated a reduction of the total training time. The authors hope that in the long run, such techniques will aid in significant reduction of instruction time and costs associated with training.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PT. RADEKATAMA PIRANTI NUSA
Authors: Lesmana Rosa
Published: December 2019

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen PT. Radekatama Piranti Nusa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode asosiatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasinya adalah konsumen yang melakukan pembelian selama tahun 2017 sebanyak 638 konsumen dan sampel diambil sebanyak 86 orang. Perhitungan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dengan persamaan regresi  Y = 15,009 + 0,294X1 + 0,422X2. Kontribusi pengaruh kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pelanggan secara simultan adalah sebesar 44,8%, nilai F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel atau (39,285 > 2,700), dengan signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05.terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan antara kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS DONATUR PADA YAYASAN YATIM INDONESIA CABANG GRAHA RAYA BINTARO
Authors: Haryoko Ugeng Budi , Dina Rahma
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas donator (studi kasus pada Yayasan Sahabat Yatim Indonesia cabang Graha Raya Bintaro)Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah deskriptif kuantitatif melalui wawancara dan observasi langsung. Metode analisis yang digunakan uji validitas, uji reabilitas, uji koefisien regresi sederhana, uji koefisien determinasi, uji signifikansi (uji t). Populasi yang digunakan berjumlah 9586 responden dan sampelnya sejumlah 100 responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Koefisien korelasi didapatkan hasil sebesar 0,280, artinya ada pengaruh yang Rendah antara Kualitas Pelayanan (Variabel X) terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan (Variabel Y). Dan jika  di lihat dari Analisis Koefisien Determinasi didapat hasil 8% yang artinya pengaruh kualitas pelayanan sebesar 8% terhadap loyalitas donator sedangkan 92% di pengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang memang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini, dan jika di lihat dari Analisis Regresi Linier Sederhana Y = 22,415 + 0,215 X, serta hasil Uji Hipotesis mendapatkan nilai t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel sebesar 2,8855 > 1,6605 maka Ho di tolak dan Ha di terima yang artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas donatur pada Yayasan Sahabat Yatim Indonesia Cabang Graha Raya Bintaro
The Effectiveness of Child-Centred Play Therapy on Internalization and Extrapolation Behavioral Problems in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors:   Deparment of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences (SLHSS), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Shahriari Yasaman , Ghasemzadeh Sogand ,   Deparment of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran., Vakili Samira ,   Deparment of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences (SLHSS), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2019

Objectives This study examined the effectiveness of Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) on the internalized and externalized behavioral problems of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Methods This was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and a follow-up design. The study population consisted of all 6-8 years old children with CP in Rafideh Rehabilitation center in Tehran, Iran. Thirty children with CP were randomly divided into two groups of control (n=15) and experimental (n=15). Behavioral problems were measured using Child-Behavior Inventory Test in pre-test, post-test and follow-up phases. CCPT was performed for 16 sessions twice a week in the experimental group. After three months of CCPT intervention, the follow-up test was conducted to examine the continuity, consolidation, and generalization of the intervention results. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated-measures Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Results In the post-test phase, CCPT had significant effect on reducing anxiety, depression, offense, and aggression of the children with CP compared to the pre-test scores. Conclusion Given the significant effect of CCPT on reducing the internalized and externalized behavioral problems of children with CP, the results can be used in the pediatric care centers for these children.
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Pain Perception in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran., Davoodi Maryam , Shameli Leila ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran., Hadianfard Habib ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: December 2019

Objectives The present study investigated the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and Pain Perception (PP) in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and a control group design. The statistical population was all individuals with MS referring to the MS Society of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2018. Thirty patients with SFS were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of test and control (15 per group). Moreover, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) (was used to measure chronic fatigue symptoms) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MGPQ) were used for data collection. The achieved data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS. Results The MANCOVA results revealed a significant difference between two groups in the following variables: perception of sensory pain (F=14. 70, P≤ 0. 001), perception of pain assessment (F=70. 50, P≤0. 01), perception of various pain (F=8. 13, P≤0. 001), PP (F=14. 68, P≤0. 001,) and CFS (F=4, P≤0. 05). Conclusion The study finding suggested that ACT was effective in reducing the severity of CFS and PP in the experimental group; this reduction has led to a relative improvement in MS condition. Therefore, clinicians working in health centers can use this treatment along with pharmacotherapy.
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Pain Perception in Females with Obstructed Labour-Induced Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors:   MA. in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Roodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen, Iran., Sobhani Elaheh , Babakhani Narges ,   PhD. in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Roodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen, Iran., Alebouyeh Mahmoud Reza ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2019

Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on the severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and the perception of low back pain after childbirth. Methods This was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test and a control group and one-month follow-up design. The statistical population included all females with chronic postpartum low back pain in Tehran City, Iran. Forty of them were selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned into the experimental (20) and control (20) groups. The study instruments included Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Ossourichr('39')s low back pain scale. The samples were followed-up one month after conducting the intervention. A mindfulness training program based on stress reduction was carried out in 8 120-minute sessions once a week for the experimental group. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. Results The study findings suggested a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. Thus, mindfulness training on chronic low back pain perception had a significant effect at P<0.01. Additionally, mindfulness training had a significant effect on reducing depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion Mindfulness exercises are associated with increasing the awareness of the thoughts, feelings, and senses of the patients and their admission. Moreover, these techniques reduced their level of depression, anxiety, stress, and lower chronic back pain perception. Therefore, they can help in designing better healthcare programs for therapists, counselors, and psychologists.
短时和临近天气预报在防灾减灾中的重要作用分析
Authors: 于 跃 , 毕 明林 , 刘 丹丹 , 李 璇 , 余 克勤
Published: November 2019

受到全球气候变化的影响,近些年来我国出现各种气象灾害的几率不断升高。及时准确的天气预报可以有效地实现防灾减灾的目的。短时天气预报和临近天气预报是气象部门近年来在气象现代化基础上,依据用户需求的一项高时效性的天气预报,短时天气预报在特别是在提前预测灾害性天气方面,体现出明显的优势。基于此,文章针对两种预报在防灾减灾方面的优势进行分析。
The Diagnostic Value of Forced Expiratory Time
Authors: Wali Siraj O.
Published: November 2019

Objective: Airway obstruction can be clinically quantified at the bedside by measuring the time taken for forced expiration. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of the forced expiratory time in detecting airflow limitation, and small airway disease when compared with simple spirometry as a gold standard test.

Method: Simple spirometry and forced expiratory time were performed on 201 subjects (age range; 12-81 years), referred to a pulmonary function laboratory at a tertiary care hospital. The diagnostic accuracy of forced expiratory time and its correlation with spirometric parameters were tested. Forced expiratory time > 6 seconds was regarded as abnormal, and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity of < 70% was considered indicative of an airflow limitation.

Results: Forced expiratory time was found to correlate weakly with spirometric parameters. Forced expiratory time at a cut-off value of => 6 seconds had a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 79% in predicting obstructive airway disease when compared with simple spirometry. On the other hand, the sensitivity and the specificity of forced expiratory time in predicting small airway disease were 47% and 86%, respectively.

Conclusion: Forced expiratory time does not correlate well with all parameters of a simple spirometry. Its sensitivity and specificity for detecting airflow limitation and small airway disease were not high enough to be used as a diagnostic test. However, it may be effective enough to be utilized to confirm the diagnosis of small airway disease.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Women in Jeddah Towards the Use of Oral Contraceptive Pills
Authors: Shamrani Hanan M. , Shamrani Arwa F. , Alsaggaf Abdulrahman E. , Khojah Mohammad I. , Alafif Maram M. , Tayeb Safwan O. , Qari Yousef A. , Harakeh Steve M.
Published: November 2019

Objective (Background): The use of oral contraceptive pill is considered an acceptable practice worldwide. Socio-demographic patterns in Saudi Arabia are rapidly changing with time. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice among women in Jeddah towards the use of oral contraceptive pills.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire as a tool for data collection.
Results: The study was conducted in Jeddah city in the Western region of Saudi Arabia between 2014-2015, 913 women were approached and 40 refused to participate (4.378% refusal rate). Out of those 873 who agreed to participate, 713 responded correctly and were included (78.09% response rate). Participants were grouped into six categories based on their age. The majority of the women polled were Saudis (71.4%). There was a positive correlation between the attitude of women towards the use of oral contraceptive pill and age (P-value < 0.001). Similar correlation was true also in the case of knowledge and the level of education towards the use of oral contraceptive pills. There was a significant correlation between marital status towards oral contraceptive pill use (P-value <0.001).
Conclusions: This study should be extended to other regions of the kingdom. The results emphasize the need for women in Jeddah city as well as the rest of Saudi Arabia to be better educated, aware and informed about the different contraceptive methods available in order for them to make the right decision regarding the method they like to choose for birth control.
How Ethical Leadership Supports Employee Performance: The Role of Psychological Capital and Employee Engagement
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Trang-Nhung , Luu Thi-Minh-Ngoc
Published: November 2019

This research investigated the relationship between ethical leadership and employee performance using data from the employees in Vietnamese service firms. We examined four dimensions of psychological capital (efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism), and employee engagement as mediators of the ethical leadership to two dimensions of employee performance (task performance and contextual performance) relationship. Results from 563 respondents of 73 service firms revealed that ethical leadership was positively and significantly related to task performance and contextual performance and that this relationship was mediated by four dimensions of psychological capital and employee engagement, and work experience and education level, controlling for task performance and contextual performance. We discuss implication of our findings for theory and practice.
浅析山林步道规划—以南山山林步道为例
Authors: 李 绪珩
Published: November 2019

为加快推进主城“四山”生态及游憩功能建设，贯彻落实重庆关于保障和改善民生、提升城市品质的工作的部署，全面统筹南山山林步道建设，笔者结合南山自然山水人文资源和地形地貌条件，就南山山林步道的建设展开研究，希望为南山步道的建设提供参考。
生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染物识别与质量评价探析
Authors: 胡 莎莎 , 陈 诚
Published: November 2019

生活垃圾填埋会产生大量的渗滤液，如果发生渗透对填埋场周边土体的污染程度不容忽视，针对这一问题，首先对国内外的填埋场地下水污染研究现状进行了归纳，然后就填埋场污染物识别和统计进行了分析，最后进行了地下水污染物的质量评价和特征分析。研究发现，我国城市生活垃圾填埋场的污染物分布特征，以普遍性污染物、局限性污染物和点状污染物为主；根据不同区域内的污染物分布类型可以分析得知，我国华北平原和东北平原的垃圾填埋场周围地下水产生了较多种类的污染物，种类最为复杂，华南地区由于人口密集，大量的生活生产物质堆砌到垃圾场所产生的有机物污染和无机盐污染最多。文章的研究以期为我国生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染的评价提供一定参考。
线路板生产中废气的治理探究
Authors: 史 国文 , 高 保容
Published: November 2019

线路板是电子工业的基础。随着电子工业的迅速发展，一方面在生产制造电子产品中要大量使用线路板；另一方面，电子产品日益普及和更新换代速度加快，使得电子废弃物迅速增加，废弃电路板的量逐年增长。其生产和处置过程引发的废气污染越来越突出，线路板生产商厂和有资质处置单位需采取有效措施对产生的废气进行治理，达标排放，实现清洁生产。文章从线路板生产和处置过程中产生废气的来源与危害入手，阐述废气治理的具体措施，为线路板生产厂和废弃线路板的处置单位开展治理工作提供帮助。
Pemanfaatan Kolase dengan Media Kertas dan Plastik Bekas Dalam Karya Monoprint Yang Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Adi Sigit Purnomo
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of used plastic and used paper to produce an alternative in the use of media in the process of visual processing specifically graphic artwork, this step is one of the efforts to save the environment with the help of art. By utilizing used goods, mostly used paper, plastic will not directly reduce the damage caused by plastic and paper materials. Paper and plastic are explored as sustainable media, while graphic art works are not only an aesthetic realm, but seniors as a way to provide awareness and care will discuss the environment. This creation uses monoprint and collage techniques as techniques for exploration and ideas in the art process.
Representation of Algebraic Reasoning in Sets through Argumentation
Authors: Uygun Tugba , Guner Pinar
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the current study is to examine the ways in which preservice middle school mathematics teachers (PMSMT) apply and represent algebraic reasoning in their solution processes for the problems in the concept of sets. This model provides detailed information about the reasoning made through the process of the solution of set problems. The study group of this case study was composed of 20 preservice mathematics teachers. The data were collected through written documents and whole class discussions. Based on the findings of the study, three ways to represent algebraic reasoning in sets emerged; context-based representation of algebraic reasoning, generalization-based representation of algebraic reasoning and formulization-based representation of algebraic reasoning. These ways determined based on the argumentations that they formed. They produced different warrants since they reasoned differently.
Efeito agudo dos alongamentos estático e FNP sobre o desempenho da força dinâmica máxima
Authors: Gomes Thiago Matassoli
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi verifi car o efeito agudo dos alongamentos estático passivo e facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva sobre o desempenho da força dinâmica máxima. O estudo foi realizado com 21 voluntários do sexo masculino (24,1 ± 1,7 anos) treinados em força há pelo menos dois anos. Para auferição da força dinâmica máxima foi utilizado o protocolo de teste e re-teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) no supino horizontal. Todos os sujeitos participaram de todas as situações experimentais, sendo: a) alongamento estático + 1RM (EP); b) alongamento FNP + 1RM (FNP); c) teste de 1RM sem alongamento (GC). A ordem de participação nos protocolos experimentais foi determinada de forma aleatória. O resultado da ANOVA com medidas repetidas mostrou diferenças significativas com relação í  situação controle, tanto na situação EP (p = 0,00) quanto na situação FNP (p = 0,00). Onde a média nas condições experimentais EP (95 ± 12,3 kg) e FNP (92 ± 11,2 kg) foi significativamente menor do que GC (99,2 ± 11,4 kg). Conclui-se que uma sessão de alongamento estático ou FNP executada imediatamente antes do treinamento de força provocou uma diminuição do desempenho.Palavras-chave: flexibilidade, teste de 1 RM, rendimento, treinamento concorrente.
Efeitos de um treinamento de força aplicado em mulheres praticantes de hidroginástica
Authors: Graef Fabiane
Published: December 2019

O estudo verificou os efeitos de um treinamento de força aplicado em mulheres praticantes de hidroginástica. A amostra foi constituí­da por mulheres saudáveis na faixa etária de 38 a 67 anos, divididas em quatro grupos. Os grupos realizaram o treinamento duas vezes por semana, durante onze semanas. O tratamento experimental 1 consistiu na prática de hidroginástica enfatizando otreinamento especí­fico de força muscular com utilização de equipamento resistivo em membros inferiores (grupo1 / n = 11) ou em membros superiores (grupo 2 / n = 6). O tratamento experimental 2 também constituiu-se na prática de hidroginástica com ênfase no treinamento especí­fico de força muscular, porém, sem a utilização de equipamento resistivo em membros inferiores (grupo 3 / n = 6) ou em membros superiores (grupo 4 / n = 11). A variável força muscular foi mensurada, em todos os grupos, antes e depois do perí­odo experimental. Para analisar os dados coletados, utilizou-se estatí­stica descritiva e o teste t de student para amostras dependentes e independentes (p < 0,05). Os aumentos médios percentuais e absolutos da força dos músculos adutores de quadril corresponderam a 10,73% (2,5 kg) para o grupo 1 e 12,37% (2,84 kg) para o grupo 2. Para os músculos fl exores de cotovelo, os aumentos foram 14,21% (1,29 kg) para o grupo 3 e 12,16% (1,18 kg) para o grupo 4. Para os músculos extensores de cotovelo, os aumentos corresponderam a 20,71% (2,96 kg) para o grupo 3 e 28,76% (4,34 kg) para o grupo 4. Em todos os grupos musculares avaliados, os resultados mostraram diferenças signifi cativas nas situações de pré e pós-treinamento, independentemente da utilização do equipamento. Conclui-se que a hidroginástica com ênfase no treinamento de força pode constituir uma efi ciente modalidade para o desenvolvimento desta qualidade fí­sica.Palavras-chave: hidroginástica, força muscular, treinamento contra-resistência.
Relação entre obesidade e hábitos de vida em escolares da rede pública e privada da cidade de Santa Rosa/RS
Authors: De Carvalho Warley Gomes
Published: December 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi relacionar os hábitos de vida de escolares com a obesidade. Participaram 314 adolescentes e pré-adolescentes, com idades entre 10 e 17 anos, sendo 156 do sexo feminino e 158 do sexo masculino, matriculados no ensino fundamental em escolares de quatro escolas de Santa Rosa (RS) sendo duas da rede pública e duas da rede privada. A pesquisa utilizou como instrumentos a medida do í­ndice de massa corporal (IMC) e um questionário estruturado sobre hábitos de vida. Para a realização dos cálculos estatí­sticos, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado, para testar a distribuição de freqüências. Do total de alunos, 231 (73,6%) foram classificados como tendo IMC normal e 83 (26,4%) como tendo IMC apresentando sobrepeso. Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as escolas em relação a ver TV (p = 0,37), lazer fora de casa (p = 0,46) e IMC (p = 0,14). Por outro lado, encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre as escolas no tempo destinado ao videogame (p = 0,02) e í  prática de atividades fí­sicas sistematizadas (p = 0,01), sendo maior nas escoladas da rede privada. Considerada isoladamente, a prática de atividades fí­sicas pelos alunos das escolas particulares não é um fator suficiente de controle do sobrepeso ou da obesidade.Palavras-chave: sobrepeso, atividade fí­sica, sedentarismo.
Esteróides anabólicos no fisiculturismo
Authors: Grecco Marcus Vinicius
Published: December 2019

Os atletas de fisiculturismo utilizam os esteróides anabólicos com a finalidade declarada de aprimorar seu desempenho. A despeito dos avisos e alertas da comunidade cientí­fica e sanções impostas pelos órgãos administrativos de musculação, um número cada vez maior de atletas continua a tomar essas drogas. Adotando uma posição eticamente neutra na questão do uso da droga no esporte, este trabalho apresenta alguns fatos a respeito dos esteróides anabólicos assim como alguns posicionamentos éticos a favor e contra seu uso no esporte. Contudo, os problemas de dosagem, ciclos e marcas dos esteróides mais adequados para os fisicultores precisam de respostas, por isso análise criteriosa de dados clí­nicos é necessária. Pesquisas experimentais são importantes para tomada de decisão clí­nica com mais segurança e os atletas devem ser informados pelos profissionais que atuam na área esportiva.Palavras-chave: fisiculturismo, esteróides anabólicos.
Identificação precoce de riscos em adolescentes sugere exclusão em programas de exercí­cios
Authors: Valença Samuel Santos
Published: December 2019

Atualmente, a premissa dos estudos preventivos tem se direcionado a um estilo de vida saudável, incluindo a participação precoce em programas de exercí­cios, sob uma orientação profissional. As triagens precoces de saúde permitem a elaboração de prescrições mais apropriada e efetiva destes programas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar se adolescentes de duas instituições da rede particular de ensino da cidade de Vassouras (RJ) estavam aptos para a inclusão direta em um programa de exercí­cio, segundo as orientações do The American College of Sports Medicine. Para isto, foi utilizado um questionário baseado nos critérios da The Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology, o Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). Os resultados revelaram: relatos de desconforto torácico durante a prática de exercí­cio fí­sico (15,9%), perda do equilí­brio em virtude de uma tonteira ou perda da consciência (28,7%) e problemas ósseos ou articulares (16,5%). A maior parte dos adolescentes (53%) apresentava indicação direta para uma orientação prévia antes da inclusão em um programa de exercí­cio fí­sico. Observou-se que, embora a prática de exercí­cio fí­sico seja freqüente, os resultados obtidos sugerem inaptidão dos adolescentes para inclusão direta, sem orientação profissional, em um programa de exercí­cio fí­sico.Palavras-chave: programa de exercí­cio, adolescentes, identificação de riscos.