bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial and ethnic differences in the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes in older adults: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR
Authors: Jimenez Marcia P. , Gause Emma L. , Sims Kendra D. , Hayes‐Larson Eleanor , Morris Emily P. , Fletcher Evan , Manly Jennifer , Gilsanz Paola , Soh Yenee , Corrada Maria , Whitmer Rachel A. , Glymour Medellena Maria
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION

Depressive symptoms are associated with higher risk of dementia, but how they impact cognition in diverse populations is unclear.

METHODS

Asian, Black, Latino, or White participants (n = 2227) in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (age 65+) and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (age 50+) underwent up to three waves of cognitive assessments over 4 years. Multilevel models stratified by race/ethnicity were used to examine whether depressive symptoms were associated with cognition or cognitive decline and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity.

RESULTS

Higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower baseline verbal episodic memory scores (−0.06, 95% CI: −0.12, −0.01; −0.15, 95% CI: −0.25, −0.04), and faster decline annually in semantic memory (−0.04, 95% CI: −0.07, −0.01; −0.10, 95% CI: −0.15, −0.05) for Black and Latino participants. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower baseline but not decline in executive function.

DISCUSSION

Depressive symptoms were associated with worse cognitive outcomes, with some evidence of heterogeneity across racial/ethnic groups.

HIGHLIGHTS

We examined whether baseline depressive symptoms were differentially associated with domain‐specific cognition or cognitive decline by race/ethnicity.

Depressive symptoms were associated with worse cognitive scores for all racial/ethnic groups across different domains examined.

Higher depressive symptoms were associated with faster cognitive decline for semantic memory for Black and Latino participants.

The results suggest a particularly harmful association between depressive symptoms and cognition in certain racial/ethnic groups.
Single‐cell transcriptomic sequencing identifies subcutaneous patient‐derived xenograft recapitulated medulloblastoma
Authors: Gao Jiayu , Zhao Yahui , Wang Ziwei , Liu Fei , Chen Xuan , Mo Jialin , Jiang Yifei , Liu Yongqiang , Tian Peiyi , Li Yanong , Deng Kaiwen , Qi Xueling , Han Dongming , Liu Zijia , Yang Zhengtao , Chen Yixi , Tang Yujie , Li Chunde , Liu Hailong , Li Jiankang , Jiang Tao
Published: March 2024

Background

Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors that mainly affect children. Various approaches have been used to model MB to facilitate investigating tumorigenesis. This study aims to compare the recapitulation of MB between subcutaneous patient‐derived xenograft (sPDX), intracranial patient‐derived xenograft (iPDX), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) at the single‐cell level.

Methods

We obtained primary human sonic hedgehog (SHH) and group 3 (G3) MB samples from six patients. For each patient specimen, we developed two sPDX and iPDX models, respectively. Three Patch+/− GEMM models were also included for sequencing. Single‐cell RNA sequencing was performed to compare gene expression profiles, cellular composition, and functional pathway enrichment. Bulk RNA‐seq deconvolution was performed to compare cellular composition across models and human samples.

Results

Our results showed that the sPDX tumor model demonstrated the highest correlation to the overall transcriptomic profiles of primary human tumors at the single‐cell level within the SHH and G3 subgroups, followed by the GEMM model and iPDX. The GEMM tumor model was able to recapitulate all subpopulations of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells that can be clustered in human SHH tumors, including a higher proportion of tumor‐associated astrocytes and immune cells, and an additional cluster of vascular endothelia when compared to human SHH tumors.

Conclusions

This study was the first to compare experimental models for MB at the single‐cell level, providing value insights into model selection for different research purposes. sPDX and iPDX are suitable for drug testing and personalized therapy screenings, whereas GEMM models are valuable for investigating the interaction between tumor and TME cells.
Exotic Topological Magnetic States in Thin Co/Pd Ferromagnetic Films
Authors: Dorokhin Mikhail V. , Ved Mikhail V. , Kalentyeva Irina L. , Demina Polina B. , Zdoroveyshchev Anton V. , Zdoroveyshchev Daniil A. , Kudrin Alexey V. , Temiryazeva Marina P. , Temiryazev Alexei G. , Tatarskiy Dmitry A. , Trushin Vladimir N. , Orlova Anastasia N. , Kriukov Ruslan N. , Zubkov Sergey Yu. , Sadovnikov Alexandr V.
Published: March 2024

Thin ferromagnet/heavy metal multilayer films are considered as prospective media for a magnetic recording and Co/Pd films are a good example of such materials. In this work, the magnetic properties and micromagnetic structure of Co/Pd multilayer films are studied with different bilayer thicknesses ([Co(0.3 × t nm)/Pd(0.5 × t nm)]10), but with the same ratio Co versus Pd. Transmission electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction studies allow authors to suppose that the investigated films are highly mixed alloys. Magnetic force microscopy and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of various micromagnetic features in the films. Along with skyrmions that are well‐known magnetic topological artifacts some new features are revealed, which are interpreted as 360° domain walls, skyrmioniums and the combination of the above two. It is found that the type and density of micromagnetic features strongly depend on the bilayer thickness parameter (t). The effect is associated with the peculiarities of interfacial magnetic interactions in the samples with highly mixed interfaces. The tooling coefficient represents a useful tool of the electron beam evaporation technique enabling wide manipulation of micromagnetic particles, in particular, skyrmioniums that are currently considered a prospective media for current driven magnetic recording.
Study on the synergistic effect of additives on the processing performance of UHMWPE/HDPE blends
Authors: Liu Jie , Jin Tongcheng , Qin Shengxue , Zhang Hongbin , Zhou Haiping
Published: March 2024

The challenging melt processing of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) melt spinning hinders its efficiency and quality, which can be improved by processing aids that enhance its flowability. Building upon modifications of UHMWPE with high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), this article studies the effects of CaSt2, polyethylene glycol (PEG), silicone powder, and their compound additives on the processing performance of UHMWPE/HDPE blends. The modification effects and mechanisms are studied by analyzing processing torque, melt flow rate, viscoelastic activation energy, and rheological performance. The research results indicate that 1 wt% PEG significantly improves the processing flowability of UHMWPE/HDPE blends, and PEG mainly plays an internal lubrication role on the molecular chains of the blends. The combination of 0.5 wt% CaSt2 and 0.5 wt% silicone powder exhibits a synergistic effect of internal and external lubrication on the UHMWPE/HDPE blends melt processing, further improving the processing performance of UHMWPE/HDPE blends. Compared with unmodified blends, the maximum screw speed for obtaining qualified as‐spun filaments of UHMWPE/HDPE blends modified with CaSt2/silicone powder compound additives increases from 5 to 20 rpm, which means that the critical shear rate of the modified UHMWPE/HDPE blend melt processing is significantly improved. Meanwhile, the processing torque decreases by about 22%.
Amplified Type I Interferon Response in Sjögren's Disease via Ectopic Toll‐Like Receptor 7 Expression in Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells Induced by Lysosome‐Associated Membrane Protein 3
Authors: Nakamura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tsutomu , Zheng Changyu , Afione Sandra A. , Atsumi Tatsuya , Noguchi Masayuki , Oliveira Fabiola Reis , Motta Ana Carolina F. , Chahud Fernando , Rocha Eduardo M. , Warner Blake M. , Chiorini John A.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Lysosome‐associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) misexpression in salivary gland epithelial cells plays a causal role in the development of salivary gland dysfunction and autoimmunity associated with Sjögren's disease (SjD). This study aimed to clarify how epithelial LAMP3 misexpression is induced in SjD.

Methods

To explore upstream signaling pathways associated with LAMP3 expression, we conducted multiple RNA sequencing analyses of minor salivary glands from patients with SjD, submandibular glands from a mouse model of SjD, and salivary gland epithelial cell lines. A hypothesis generated by the RNA sequencing analyses was further tested by in vitro and in vivo assays with gene manipulation.

Results

Transcriptome analysis suggested LAMP3 expression was associated with enhanced type I interferon (IFN) and IFNγ signaling pathways in patients with SjD. In vitro studies showed that type I IFN but not IFNγ stimulation could induce LAMP3 expression in salivary gland epithelial cells. Moreover, we discovered that LAMP3 overexpression could induce ectopic Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR‐7) expression and type I IFN production in salivary gland epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. TLR‐7 knockout mice did not develop any SjD‐related symptoms following LAMP3 induction.

Conclusion

Epithelial LAMP3 misexpression can be induced through enhanced type I IFN response in salivary glands. In addition, LAMP3 can promote type I IFN production via ectopic TLR‐7 expression in salivary gland epithelial cells. This positive feedback loop can contribute to maintaining LAMP3 misexpression and amplifying type I IFN production in salivary glands, which plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of SjD.

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Development of a prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma polarity‐related genes and analysis of immune landscape
Authors: Xu Hongqiu , Du Wenqiang , Jing Xuelong , Xie Jingen , Li Pengfei
Published: March 2024

Despite the progress made in the management of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the overall prognosis for LUAD individuals remains suboptimal. While the role of cell polarity in tumor invasion and metastasis is well established, its prognostic significance in LUAD is still unknown. Differential analysis was performed on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐LUAD and normal lung tissue, and candidate genes were identified by intersecting differentially expressed genes with polarity‐related genes (PRGs). A prognostic model was constructed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression and LASSO regression. To enhance the robustness of the analysis, an independent prognostic analysis was conducted by incorporating relevant clinical information. The accuracy and sensitivity of the model were validated using survival analysis and ROC curves. Finally, immune landscape, immune therapy, tumor mutation burden, and drug sensitivity analysis were carried out on high‐ and low‐risk patients. Ten prognostic genes were screened to divide LUAD patients into different risk groups. Survival analysis, ROC curves, and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses collectively demonstrated the favorable predictive performance of the model, which could be an independent prognostic factor. The nomogram, in conjunction with the calibration curve, demonstrated the model's compelling predictive capacity in prognosticating the overall survival of LUAD individuals. Low‐risk LUAD patients exhibited heightened levels of immune cell infiltration, immune scores, and immune checkpoint expression compared to high‐risk individuals. So, they may have a greater likelihood of benefiting from immune therapy. The high‐risk group demonstrated a remarkably higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) in contrast with the low‐risk group. XAV‐939, Fulvestrant, and SR16157 may have potential value in the clinical use of LUAD. We revealed the potential linkage between PRGs and LUAD prognosis, and the application of these prognostic factors in risk stratification and prognosis prediction of LUAD patients may be of great significance.
Elucidating Gas Evolution of Prussian White Cathodes for Sodium‐ion Battery Application: The Effect of Electrolyte and Moisture
Authors: Dreyer Sören L. , Maddar Faduma M. , Kondrakov Aleksandr , Janek Jürgen , Hasa Ivana , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: March 2024

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Torsten Brezesinski at KIT. The cover picture shows gases evolving from a Prussian white cathode used in Na‐ion batteries in the presence of either NaPF6‐ or NaClO4‐containing electrolyte. H2 and CO2 are detected, as well as (CN)2, for which a formation mechanism is proposed. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202300595.
A single‐cell genomic strategy for alternative transcript start sites identification
Authors: Peng Yanling , Huang Qitong , Liu Danli , Kong Siyuan , Kamada Rui , Ozato Keiko , Zhang Yubo , Zhu Jun
Published: March 2024

Alternative transcription start sites (TSSs) usage plays a critical role in gene transcription regulation in mammals. However, precisely identifying alternative TSSs remains challenging at the genome‐wide level. We report a single‐cell genomic technology for alternative TSSs annotation and cell heterogeneity detection. In the method, we utilize Fluidigm C1 system to capture individual cells of interest, SMARTer cDNA synthesis kit to recover full‐length cDNAs, then dual priming oligonucleotide system to specifically enrich TSSs for genomic analysis. We apply this method to a genome‐wide study of alternative TSSs identification in two different IFN‐β stimulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The data clearly discriminate two IFN‐β stimulated MEFs. Moreover, our results indicate 81% expressed genes in these two cell types containing multiple TSSs, which is much higher than previous predictions based on Cap‐Analysis Gene Expression (CAGE) (58%) or empirical determination (54%) in various cell types. This indicates that alternative TSSs are more pervasive than expected and implies our strategy could position them at an unprecedented sensitivity. It would be helpful for elucidating their biological insights in future.
Octadecyl and sulfonyl modification of diatomite synergistically improved the immobilization efficiency of lipase and its application in the synthesis of pine sterol esters
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Zhang Wei , Ma Guangzheng , Nian Binbin , Hu Yi
Published: March 2024

Phytosterols usually have to be esterified to various phytosterol esters to avoid their disadvantages of unsatisfactory solubility and low bioavailability. The enzymatic synthesis of phytosterol esters in a solvent‐free system has advantages in terms of environmental friendliness, sustainability, and selectivity. However, the limitation of the low stability and recyclability of the lipase in the solvent‐free system, which often requires a relatively high temperature to induce the viscosity, also increased the industrial production cost. In this context, a low‐cost material, namely diatomite, was employed as the support in the immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) due to its multiple modification sites. The Fe3O4 was also then introduced to this system for quick and simple separation via the magnetic field. Moreover, to further enhance the immobilization efficiency of diatomite, a modification strategy which involved the octadecyl and sulfonyl group for regulating the hydrophobicity and interaction between the support and lipase was successfully developed. The optimization of the ratio of the modifiers suggested that the ‐SO3H/C18 (1:1.5) performed best with an enzyme loading and enzyme activity of 84.8 mg·g−1 and 54 U·g−1, respectively. Compared with free CRL, the thermal and storage stability of CRL@OSMD was significantly improved, which lays the foundation for the catalytic synthesis of phytosterol esters in solvent‐free systems. Fortunately, a yield of 95.0% was achieved after optimizing the reaction conditions, and a yield of 70.0% can still be maintained after six cycles.
Synchronously in vivo real‐time monitoring bacterial load and temperature with evaluating immune response to decipher bacterial infection
Authors: Sheng Huaixuan , Li Huizhu , Li Shunyao , Yu Chengxuan , Wang Yueming , Hu Haichen , Fang Lu , Chen Fuchun , Lu Yanyan , Xu Xiaogang , Yang Xing , Chen Shiyi , Hao Yuefeng , Li Yunxia , Feng Sijia , Chen Jun
Published: March 2024

Determining the precise course of bacterial infection requires abundant in vivo real‐time data. Synchronous monitoring of the bacterial load, temperature, and immune response can satisfy the shortage of real‐time in vivo data. Here, we conducted a study in the joint‐infected mouse model to synchronously monitor the bacterial load, temperature, and immune response using the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging, infrared thermography, and immune response analysis for 2 weeks. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was proved successfully labeled with glucose‐conjugated quantum dots in vitro and in subcutaneous‐infected model. The bacterial load indicated by NIR‐II fluorescence imaging underwent a sharp drop at 1 day postinfection. At the same time, the temperature gap detected through infrared thermography synchronously brought by infection reached lowest value. Meanwhile, the flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that immune response including macrophage, neutrophil, B lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte increased to the peak at 1 day postinfection. Moreover, both M1 macrophage and M2 macrophage in the blood have an obvious change at ~ 1 day postinfection, and the change was opposite. In summary, this study not only obtained real‐time and long‐time in vivo data on the bacterial load, temperature gap, and immune response in the mice model of S. aureus infection, but also found that 1 day postinfection was the key time point during immune response against S. aureus infection. Our study will contribute to synchronously and precisely studying the complicated complex dynamic relationship after bacterial infection at the animal level.
Proteomic analysis of host cell protein fouling during bioreactor harvesting
Authors: Zhang Da , Wickramasinghe S. Ranil , Zydney Andrew L. , Smelko John P. , Loman Abdullah , Wheeler April , Qian Xianghong
Published: March 2024

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are among the most common cell lines used for therapeutic protein production. Membrane fouling during bioreactor harvesting is a major limitation for the downstream purification of therapeutic proteins. Host cell proteins (HCP) are the most challenging impurities during downstream purification processes. The present work focuses on identification of HCP foulants during CHO bioreactor harvesting using reverse asymmetrical commercial membrane BioOptimal™ MF‐SL. In order to investigate foulants and fouling behavior during cell clarification, for the first time a novel backwash process was developed to effectively elute almost all the HCP and DNA from the fouled membrane filter. The isoelectric points (pIs) and molecular weights (MWs) of major HCP in the bioreactor harvest and fouled on the membrane were successfully characterized using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D SDS‐PAGE). In addition, a total of 8 HCP were identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectroscopy (MALDI‐MS). The majority of these HCP are enzymes or associated with exosomes, both of which can form submicron‐sized particles which could lead to the plugging of the filters.
Anatomic versus non‐anatomic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma—A European multicentre cohort study in cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic patients
Authors: Zeindler Jasmin , Hess Gabriel Fridolin , von Heesen Maximilian , Aegerter Noa , Reber Cornelia , Schmitt Andreas Michael , Muenst Simone , Bolli Martin , Soysal Savas Deniz , Kollmar Otto
Published: March 2024

Background

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the western world over the past decades. As liver resection (LR) represents one of the most efficient treatment options, advantages of anatomic (ALR) versus non‐anatomic liver resection (NALR) show a lack of consistent evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate complications and survival rates after both resection types.

Methods

This is a multicentre cohort study using retrospectively and prospectively collected data. We included all patients undergoing LR for HCC between 2009 and 2020 from three specialised centres in Switzerland and Germany. Complication and survival rates after ALR versus NALR were analysed using uni‐ and multivariate Cox regression models.

Results

Two hundred and ninety‐eight patients were included. Median follow‐up time was 52.76 months. 164/298 patients (55%) underwent ALR. Significantly more patients with cirrhosis received NALR (n = 94/134; p < 0.001). Complications according to the Clavien Dindo classification were significantly more frequent in the NALR group (p < 0.001). Liver failure occurred in 13% after ALR versus 8% after NALR (p < 0.215). Uni‐ and multivariate cox regression models showed no significant differences between the groups for recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, cirrhosis had no significant impact on OS and RFS.

Conclusion

No significant differences on RFS and OS rates could be observed. Post‐operative complications were significantly less frequent in the ALR group while liver specific complications were comparable between both groups. Subgroup analysis showed no significant influence of cirrhosis on the post‐operative outcome of these patients.
Facile and Novel Synthetic Approach, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and Drug‐Likeness Evaluation of 9‐Substituted Acridine Derivatives as Dual Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Abouelenein Mohamed G. , Mohamed Mahmoud Basseem I. , Elsenety Mohamed M. , El‐Rashedy Ahmed A. , Ghalib Samirah H. , Mohamed Fatima Abdelgalil E. , El‐Ebiary Nora M. A. , Ageeli Abeer A.
Published: March 2024

In the present study, numerous acridine derivatives A1–A20 were synthesized via aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) reaction of 9‐chloroacridine with carbonyl hydrazides, amines, or phenolic derivatives depending upon facile, novel, and eco‐friendly approaches (Microwave and ultrasonication assisted synthesis). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The title products were assessed for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities using numerous assays. Promisingly, the investigated compounds mainstream revealed promising antibacterial and anticancer activities. Thereafter, the investigated compounds’ expected mode of action was debated by using an array of in silico studies. Compounds A2 and A3 were the most promising antimicrobial agents, while compounds A2, A5, and A7 revealed the most cytotoxic activities. Accordingly, RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA analyses of compounds A2 and A3 were performed, and MMPBSA was calculated. Lastly, the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) analyses of the novel acridine derivatives were investigated. The tested compounds’ existing screening results afford an inspiring basis leading to developing new compelling antimicrobial and anticancer agents based on the acridine scaffold.
Regulation and mechanism of organic selenium on quorum sensing, biofilm, and antioxidant effects of Lactobacillus paracasei
Authors: Lou Zaixiang , Dong Jiale , Tao Hongwei , Tan Yeexuan , Wang Hongxin
Published: March 2024

Different organic compounds can have varying degrees of impact on the activity of Lactobacillus paracasei. The study focused on the impact and action mechanism of different organic selenium products on the bioactivity of two strains of L. paracasei. The growth, antioxidant activity, extracellular polysaccharide secretion, quorum sensing (QS), and biofilm formation of the strains before and after the addition of organic selenium crude products and three organic selenium standard were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of crude organic selenium promoted the various activities of the strain.
l‐selenocysteine had the strongest regulatory effect, with maximum GIM1.80 biofilm formation when it reached a critical concentration of 0.4 μg/mL;
l‐selenomethionine resulted in the highest activity of the signal molecule Auto inducer‐2 of GDMCC1.155, when it reached a critical concentration of 0.4 μg/mL. The results of scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the addition of organic selenium effectively improved the morphological structure of the two bacterial cells. Molecular docking revealed that the mechanism by which organic selenium regulates QS in Lactobacillus was achieved by binding two crucial receptor proteins (histidine protein kinase HKP and periplasmic binding protein LuxP) from specific sites. Furthermore, organic selenium products have a beneficial regulatory effect on the biological activity of L. paracasei. Overall, these findings provide a new alternative (organic selenium) for regulating the viability and beneficial activity of L. paracasei.
Classification of colorectal primer carcinoma from normal colon with mid‐infrared spectra
Authors: Borkovits B. , Kontsek E. , Pesti A. , Gordon P. , Gergely S. , Csabai I. , Kiss A. , Pollner P.
Published: March 2024

In this project, we used formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue samples to measure thousands of spectra per tissue core with Fourier transform mid‐infrared spectroscopy using an FT‐IR imaging system. These cores varied between normal colon (NC) and colorectal primer carcinoma (CRC) tissues. We created a database to manage all the multivariate data obtained from the measurements. Then, we applied classifier algorithms to identify the tissue based on its yielded spectra. For classification, we used the random forest, a support vector machine, XGBoost, and linear discriminant analysis methods, as well as three deep neural networks. We compared two data manipulation techniques using these models and then applied filtering. In the end, we compared model performances via the sum of ranking differences (SRD).
Fine‐tuning electronic structure of N‐doped graphitic carbon‐supported Co‐ and Fe‐incorporated Mo2C to achieve ultrahigh electrochemical water oxidation activity
Authors: Sher Shah Md. Selim Arif , Jung Hyeonjung , Paidi Vinod K. , Lee Kug‐Seung , Han Jeong Woo , Park Jong Hyeok
Published: March 2024

Mo2C is an excellent electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, Mo2C is a poor electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, two different elements, namely Co and Fe, are incorporated in Mo2C that, therefore, has a finely tuned electronic structure, which is not achievable by incorporation of any one of the metals. Consequently, the resulting electrocatalyst Co0.8Fe0.2–Mo2C‐80 displayed excellent OER catalytic performance, which is evidenced by a low overpotential of 214.0 (and 246.5) mV to attain a current density of 10 (and 50) mA cm−2, an ultralow Tafel slope of 38.4 mV dec−1, and long‐term stability in alkaline medium. Theoretical data demonstrates that Co0.8Fe0.2–Mo2C‐80 requires the lowest overpotential (1.00 V) for OER and Co centers to be the active sites. The ultrahigh catalytic performance of the electrocatalyst is attributed to the excellent intrinsic catalytic activity due to high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area, large electrochemically active surface area, small Tafel slope, and low charge‐transfer resistance.
The combination of high‐frequency QRS and ST‐segment alterations during exercise stress tests enhanced the diagnostic efficacy for coronary artery disease
Authors: Liu Long , Du Xinyue , Wei Xue , Dong Wei , Lu Hong , Jiang Guishen , Deng Guolan
Published: March 2024

Background

High‐frequency QRS (HF‐QRS) manifests as a novel adjunct electrocardiographic marker with potential utility in coronary artery disease (CAD) detection.

Hypothesis

We hypothesize that HF‐QRS analysis may be superior to conventional ST‐segment analysis in detecting CAD, and the combination of these two analyses in the exercise stress test may enhance the diagnostic efficacy for CAD.

Methods

The study incorporated a sample of 157 patients (mean age 62  9 years) referred for nonemergent angiography. Before angiography, patients underwent exercise stress testing utilizing an upright bicycle. High‐resolution electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected during the exercise test, facilitating both HF‐QRS and conventional ST‐segment analyses. The diagnostic efficacy of HF‐QRS and ST‐segment analysis were compared, utilizing angiographic outcomes as the gold standard. The study design integrated HF‐QRS analysis and ST‐segment analysis via sequential and concurrent testing protocols.

Results

In terms of CAD detection, HF‐QRS analysis displayed superior sensitivity compared to conventional ST‐segment analysis (63% vs. 37%, p = .002). The serial test significantly increased specificity from 79% to 97% (p = .002) compared to ST‐deviation analysis alone. It showed a markedly low sensitivity of 26%. The parallel test significantly increased sensitivity from 37% to 77% (p < .001), while retaining a moderate level of specificity of 51%. The quantity of ECG leads exhibiting a positive HF‐QRS response demonstrated a correlation with the severity of CAD (p < .001).

Conclusions

HF‐QRS analysis exhibited superior sensitivity in detecting angiographically confirmed CAD relative to conventional ST‐segment analysis. Moreover, the combination of HF‐QRS and ST‐segment alterations during exercise stress test enhanced the diagnostic efficacy for CAD.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Single‐ and Multiple‐Ascending Doses of Sunobinop in Healthy Participants
Authors: Cipriano Alessandra , Kapil Ram P. , Zhou Mingyan , Shet Manjunath S. , Whiteside Garth T. , Willsie Sandra K. , Harris Stephen C.
Published: March 2024

Sunobinop is an investigational, potent, selective partial agonist at the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor in vitro. Three phase 1 studies were conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of escalating single‐ and multiple‐dose administration of sunobinop in healthy participants. Study 1 was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ascending dose study. Study 2 was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multiple‐ascending dose study. Study 3 was a randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 4‐way crossover study of oral and sublingual sunobinop comparing morning (AM) and bedtime (PM) administration. Seventy participants were included. Systemic exposure (peak plasma concentration [Cmax], area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the time of last quantifiable concentration [AUC0‐t], and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity [AUCinf]) of sunobinop was characterized by dose proportionality from 0.6 to 2 mg and increased less than proportionally from 3 to 30 mg. The PKs of sunobinop were similar, regardless of AM or PM administration, for both the oral and sublingual formulations. The majority of absorbed sunobinop was excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hours of dosing, thereby showing rapid elimination with no appreciable accumulation following 14 consecutive days of once‐daily dosing and suggesting exclusive renal elimination. Most treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild in severity; 1 severe TEAE occurred and all TEAEs resolved by the end of the studies. Sunobinop was generally well‐tolerated and safe across the range of doses evaluated and presents a clinical profile suitable for continued development.
Advances in Hierarchical Inorganic Nanostructures for Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting Systems
Authors: Manjunatha C. , Rastogi Chandresh Kumar , Manmadha Rao B. , Girish Kumar S. , Varun S. , Raitani Karthik , Maurya Gyanprakash , Karthik B. , Swathi C. , Sadrzadeh Mohtada , Khosla Ajit
Published: March 2024

The urgent need to address the global energy and environmental crisis necessitates the development of efficient solar‐power harvesting systems. Among the promising candidates, hierarchical inorganic nanostructures stand out due to their exceptional attributes, including a high specific surface area, abundant active sites, and tunable optoelectronic properties. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the fundamental principles underlying various solar energy harvesting technologies, including dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic (water splitting), and photothermal (water purification) systems, providing a foundational understanding of their operation. Thereafter, the discussion is focused on recent advancements in the synthesis, design, and development of hierarchical nanostructures composed of diverse inorganic material combinations, tailored for each of these solar energy harvesting systems. We meticulously elaborate on the distinct synthesis methods and conditions employed to fine‐tune the morphological features of these hierarchical nanostructures. Furthermore, this review offers profound insights into critical aspects such as electron transfer mechanisms, band gap engineering, the creation of hetero‐hybrid structures to optimize interface chemistry through diverse synthesis approaches, and precise adjustments of structural features. Beyond elucidating the scientific fundamentals, this review explores the large‐scale applications of the aforementioned solar harvesting systems. Additionally, it addresses the existing challenges and outlines the prospects for achieving heightened solar‐energy conversion efficiency.
Exploring anomalous nanofluidic transport at the interfaces
Authors: Zhang Shengping , Song Ruiyang , Zeng Haiou , Wu Ningran , Duan Hongwei , Wang Luda
Published: March 2024

Transport of ions and water is essential for diverse physiological activities and industrial applications. As the dimension approaches nano and even angstrom scale, ions and water exhibit anomalous behaviors that differ significantly from the bulk. One of the key reasons for these distinctive behaviors is the prominent influence of surface effects and related transport properties occurring at the interface under such (sub)nanoconfinement. Therefore, exploring nanofluidic transport at the interfaces could not only contribute to unraveling the intriguing ion and water transport behaviors but also facilitate the development of nanofluidic devices with tunable mass transport for practical applications. In this review, we focus on three crucial interfaces governing ion and water transport, namely liquid–gas interface, liquid–solid interface, and liquid–liquid interface, with emphasis on elucidating their intricate interfacial structures and critical roles for nanofluidic transport phenomena. Additionally, potential applications associated with liquid–gas, liquid–solid, and liquid–liquid interfaces are also discussed. Finally, we present a perspective on the pivotal roles of interfaces on nanofluidics, as well as challenges in this advancing field.
Molecular Complexes for Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen and the Cleavage of N−H Bonds
Authors: Stephens David N. , Mock Michael T.
Published: March 2024

The molecular complexes described herein use main‐group elements or transition metals to control the stoichiometric cleavage of N−H bonds of ammonia (NH3) and/or catalyze chemical and electrochemical NH3 oxidation to dinitrogen (N2). We highlight the phenomenon of coordination‐induced bond weakening and a variety of N−H bond cleavage mechanisms of NH3 including H atom abstraction, inter‐ and intra‐molecular deprotonation reactions, oxidative addition, and σ‐bond metathesis that have been demonstrated with molecular systems. We provide an overview of the molecular complexes reported for the rapidly developing field of NH3 oxidation catalysis to form N2. These systems exhibit several diverse structure types and innovative ligands to support transition metals capable of activating NH3 and mediating a challenging chemical transformation that requires breaking strong N−H bonds and forming an N−N bond en route to N2 formation.
A SUNCT‐like headache associated with lateral pontine infarction – case series and systematic review
Authors: Jansem Priabprat , Watanapa Nattapat , Thanprasertsuk Sekh , Rattanawong Wanakorn , Pongpitakmetha Thanakit , Anukoolwittaya Prakit
Published: March 2024

Background and Aim

Short‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and autonomic symptoms (SUNA) are trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs). The study explores the potential association between SUNCT/SUNA‐like headaches and lateral pontine infarctions.

Methods

Case series and systematic review.

Results

We present three cases diagnosed with SUNCT following lateral pontine infarction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with a review of these cases and 10 others from the literature.

Discussion and Conclusion

This review suggests a connection between SUNCT/SUNA‐like symptoms and lateral pontine infarctions. The section also delves into the anatomy and pathophysiology of these symptoms, proposing a mechanism involving neural pathway remodelling in the lateral brainstem.
Development of an easy‐to‐set‐up multiple heart‐cutting achiral–chiral LC–LC method for the analysis of branched‐chain amino acids in commercial tablets
Authors: Varfaj Ina , Abualzulof Ghaid W. A. , Moretti Simone , Migni Anna , Uda Irene , Goracci Laura , Ianni Federica , Carotti Andrea , Sardella Roccaldo
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the development and application of a multiple heart‐cutting achiral–chiral LC–LC method (mLC–LC) for the analysis of dansylated (Dns) branched‐chain amino acids in commercial tablets are described. In the first dimension, a Waters Xbridge RP C18 achiral column was used under gradient conditions with buffered aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The elution order Dns‐valine (Dns‐Val) < Dns‐isoleucine (Dns‐Ile) < Dns‐leucine (Dns‐Leu) turned out with full resolution between adjacent peaks: 7.25 and 1.50 for the Val/Ile and the Ile/Leu pairs, respectively. A “research” validation study was performed, revealing high accuracy (Recovery%) and precision (RSD%) using two external set solutions, respectively, in the range 93.7%–104.1% and 0.4%–3.2%. The C18 column was connected via a two‐position six‐port switching valve to the quinidine‐based Chiralpak quinidine‐anion‐exchange chiral column. A water/acetonitrile, 30/70 (v/v) with 50 mM ammonium acetate (apparent pH of 5.5) eluent allowed getting the three enantiomers’ pairs resolved: RS equal to 4.3 for Dns‐Val and Dns‐Ile, and 1.7 for Dns‐Leu. The application of the mLC‐LC method confirmed that the content of Val, Ile, and Leu in the tablets was compliant with that labeled by the producer. Only l‐enantiomers were found in the food supplement, as confirmed by LC–MS/MS analysis.
Fast parameter estimation of generalized extreme value distribution using neural networks
Authors: Rai Sweta , Hoffman Alexis , Lahiri Soumendra , Nychka Douglas W. , Sain Stephan R. , Bandyopadhyay Soutir
Published: March 2024

The heavy‐tailed behavior of the generalized extreme‐value distribution makes it a popular choice for modeling extreme events such as floods, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires and so forth. However, estimating the distribution's parameters using conventional maximum likelihood methods can be computationally intensive, even for moderate‐sized datasets. To overcome this limitation, we propose a computationally efficient, likelihood‐free estimation method utilizing a neural network. Through an extensive simulation study, we demonstrate that the proposed neural network‐based method provides generalized extreme value distribution parameter estimates with comparable accuracy to the conventional maximum likelihood method but with a significant computational speedup. To account for estimation uncertainty, we utilize parametric bootstrapping, which is inherent in the trained network. Finally, we apply this method to 1000‐year annual maximum temperature data from the Community Climate System Model version 3 across North America for three atmospheric concentrations: 289 ppm (pre‐industrial), 700 ppm (future conditions), and 1400 ppm , and compare the results with those obtained using the maximum likelihood approach.
Fabrication and evaluation of polyurethane supported form‐stable PCMs
Authors: Tanwar Surya , Kaur Raminder
Published: March 2024

The current research is oriented towards the development and assessment of the properties of the form‐stable phase change materials (PCMs), comprising of the thermoset polymer matrix (polyurethane, PU) enclosing capric acid (CA) as an active thermal energy storage (TES) component. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field‐Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM) have been used to characterize the chemical nature and morphological details of the developed PU‐based PCMs (PUPCMs). TES attributes and thermal stability of the resultant PCMs are evaluated by thermo‐analytical techniques such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). A thermal reliability test has been conducted to determine the phase change efficiency of the prepared PCMs. PUPCMs have been found to be suitable for TES applications, such as passive space heating or cooling building applications.
Comprehensive risk assessment of a renewables‐based stand‐alone electric vehicle charging station with multiple energy storage technologies
Authors: Al Wahedi Abdulla , Bicer Yusuf
Published: March 2024

This study presents the application of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management framework on a grid‐independent and renewable energy‐based electric vehicle charging station with multiple energy storage techniques including hydrogen and ammonia. The design comprises complex subsystems such as concentrated photovoltaic thermal, wind turbine, biomass standby generator, hydrogen storage, fuel cell, Ammonia storage and fuel cell, Lithium‐ion battery storage, Salt‐hydrate thermal storage, lithium‐bromide absorption cooling, and fast charging units. Systematic risk‐based approaches compromising multiple phases and qualitative and quantitative risk assessment techniques are applied to identify the causes and consequences of potentially critical events associated with the incorporated subsystems and components. The results show that out of 15 identified technical, economic, environmental, and health and safety risks, three health and safety risks were found unacceptable with risk values above 14. In contrast, three technical, three environmental, two health and safety, and one economic risks were found undesirable with risk values between 8 and 12. Appropriate preventive and protective measures are applied to lessen the high‐risk levels to acceptable safe limits below 6. Proper safety barriers and distances are considered while recommending the associated subsystems and components' optimal physical site distribution plan.
Advances on resources, biosynthesis pathway, bioavailability, bioactivity, and application of corylifolinin
Authors: Chen Shengxiong , Li Jiaxin , Hussain Hidayat , Lee Seok‐Geun , Cao Hui , Capanoglu Esra
Published: March 2024

Corylifolinin, also known as isobavachalcone, is a flavonoid compound isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. With a rich array of biological activities, corylifolinin has emerged as a versatile therapeutic agent. It has demonstrated notable antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumor, anti‐bacterial, and anti‐viral properties. Moreover, corylifolinin holds promise in enhancing liver function, cardiovascular health, and providing neuroprotection. Its applications span a range of medical conditions, including hepatitis, cardiovascular disease, tumors, and inflammation. Herein, this comprehensive review delves into various aspects of corylifolinin, encompassing its sources, biosynthetic pathways, biotransformation, physicochemical properties, absorption, assimilation, metabolism, and excretion. It explores the molecular mechanisms underlying its diverse bioactivities in cellular and animal models. Furthermore, we present insights into clinical trials, human studies, toxicological profiles, safety considerations, marketed products, and patents related to corylifolinin. This compilation aims to serve as a valuable reference for both the development and clinical application of corylifolinin‐based therapies.
Optimization of extraction parameters of protein isolate from milk thistle seed: Physicochemical and functional characteristics
Authors: Ozgolet Muhammed , Cakmak Zeynep Hazal Tekin , Bozkurt Fatih , Sagdic Osman , Karasu Salih
Published: March 2024

In the current study, optimization of milk thistle protein extraction parameters was carried out in terms of purity and yield. In addition, the characterization of proteins isolated from milk thistle seeds was conducted. The optimal conditions for achieving the highest purity of protein (MTP) from milk thistle seeds were identified as extraction pH 9.47, temperature 30°C, and extraction time 180 min. Conversely, optimal values for overall protein yield (MTY) were determined at extraction pH 12, temperature 50°C, and extraction time 167 min. The proteins obtained under these two sets of conditions (MTP and MTY) demonstrated comparable oil absorption capacity (OAC), foaming, and emulsifying capabilities, as well as stability, aligning with findings from previous studies on seed protein. Both proteins had the highest protein solubilities at pH 11. Both proteins’ zeta potentials were closest to zero at pH 4, demonstrating their closeness to the isoelectric point. MTP and MTY had poorer antioxidant capabilities than the other protein isolates/concentrates. MTP and MTY contain high β sheet concentrations that might enhance thermal stability and lower the digestibility of proteins. In conclusion, the protein extraction process demonstrated a high potential for achieving both substantial yield and remarkable purity with some decent technological and functional properties, thus holding promise for various applications in diverse fields.
Causation and familial confounding as explanations for the associations of polygenic risk scores with breast cancer: Evidence from innovative ICE FALCON and ICE CRISTAL analyses
Authors: Li Shuai , Dite Gillian S. , MacInnis Robert J. , Bui Minh , Nguyen Tuong L. , Esser Vivienne F. C. , Ye Zhoufeng , Dowty James G. , Makalic Enes , Sung Joohon , Giles Graham G. , Southey Melissa C. , Hopper John L.
Published: March 2024

A polygenic risk score (PRS) combines the associations of multiple genetic variants that could be due to direct causal effects, indirect genetic effects, or other sources of familial confounding. We have developed new approaches to assess evidence for and against causation by using family data for pairs of relatives (Inference about Causation from Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding [ICE FALCON]) or measures of family history (Inference about Causation from Examining Changes in Regression coefficients and Innovative STatistical AnaLyses [ICE CRISTAL]). Inference is made from the changes in regression coefficients of relatives' PRSs or PRS and family history before and after adjusting for each other. We applied these approaches to two breast cancer PRSs and multiple studies and found that (a) for breast cancer diagnosed at a young age, for example, <50 years, there was no evidence that the PRSs were causal, while (b) for breast cancer diagnosed at later ages, there was consistent evidence for causation explaining increasing amounts of the PRS‐disease association. The genetic variants in the PRS might be in linkage disequilibrium with truly causal variants and not causal themselves. These PRSs cause minimal heritability of breast cancer at younger ages. There is also evidence for nongenetic factors shared by first‐degree relatives that explain breast cancer familial aggregation. Familial associations are not necessarily due to genes, and genetic associations are not necessarily causal.