bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Identity to Ecology in the new Bulgarian Cinema: the Unique Case of Àga (2018) and the Poetics of the Icy Wasteland
Authors: Màrtonova Andronika
Published: September 2022

After the perestroika, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the USSR and the socialist bloc, Bulgarian post-totalitarian cinema stands on a new path and contexts, in the milieu of wide East European or Balkan cinema. The film artifact offers a unique opportunity not only to interpret the foreign world, but also to rearrange its own cultural values. The issue of dialogue between identities in the global and contemporary cinema process is definitely extremely interesting, complex and multifaceted.
The present study focuses its attention on an internationally recognized co-production – Àga full-length movie (2018, dir. Milko Lazarov, Bulgaria-Germany-France, 96`), shot in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Definitely, this is something new for the national cinema – to realize original themes and stories on the Bulgarian-Asian axis, to introduce the total unused, attractive even personages, often even in a non-Bulgarian cultural environment. The film is among the best of Bulgarians cinema produced since 1989. A very important aspect in Àga is not only the topic of Otherness, but also the strong environmental engagement.
The analysis shows that Lazarov`s film is not purely or only ecological, but universal as onscreen suggestions. Àga affects fundamental and universal human categories. Through the language of the closed Inuit community, a kind of microcosm, speaks to the world community – the macro level.
Environmental, Natural and Man-Made Disasters Reflected in Kazakh Eco-Documentary Films
Authors: Abdikassymov Bauyrzhan , Mashurova Aida
Published: September 2022

The subject of this article is “Environmental, Natural and Man-Made Disasters Reflected in the Kazakh Eco-Documentary Films”. The research’s aim is to consider the ecological state of Kazakhstan via the national ecodocumentary. The research is performed on the basis of the national cinema art materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the XX–XXI centuries.
The set objectives were achieved by using comprehensive research methods: theoretical analysis, visual analysis, SWOT analysis, comparison and collation, film analysis, historical film analysis, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, classification and categorization.
Kazakhstan is keeping pace with the world on the environmental crisis, and is waiting to address a number of environmental catastrophe issues. One of the most important topics is the former nuclear test ground, which is located in the city of Semipalatinsk. The next problem is the mismanagement of irrigation projects, which has led to a drop in the level of the Aral Sea, to the point of its disappearance. The shrinkage of the Aral Sea has permanently altered the climate of the area, rendering millions of hectares of land unusable. Air pollution in Kazakhstan is another serious environmental problem. One striking example is the dense smog that covers large megacities like: Astana, Almaty, Semipalatinsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Karaganda and other cities. The nature of our country is threatened by human activities, some species of animals such as wild rams, snow leopards, tigers, saigas, fish, birds and various kinds of insects and plants are at risk of extinction.
All these local environmental events have their own history and should be presented to the world through the prism of eco-documentary film.
Considering all the above-mentioned problems, it can be concluded that the use of cinematographic materials as the basis of this research is indeed relevant, given that cinema has a great impact on the consciousness of both the individual and society as a whole. Through the art of cinema people express their emotions, innermost secrets and desires, cinema is able to respond to the questions raised by the public, while at the same time shaping the outlook and the consciousness of an individual. In this regard cinema gives an opportunity to look at the above-mentioned problems of people from aside, to assess the damage and to give a prognosis of the inevitable damage.
Зов природы и человека в балете-поэзии «Пробуждение»
Authors: Молдалим Тогжан
Published: September 2022

В Казахстане профессиональное балетное искусство создано в 1934 году. С этого периода казахский танец появляется на сценах театров и концертных площадок. С целью поднятия уровня национального балета Александр Александров (Мартиросьянц) принимает активное участие в создании казахского хореографического училища (1934), в котором позже его ученица Шара Жиенкулова открыла народное отделение (1965), где стали изучать специфические для казахского танца положения и движения рук и ног, вращения, прыжки и так далее. Ш. Жиенкулова систематизировала их в исследовательских поездках по стране в поисках лексики, характерной для казахского танца. На этой основе после постановочных опытов узбекских и русских коллег начали экспериментировать казахские хореографы.Вначале это были народные танцы в драматических спектаклях, спустя какое-то время стали осуществляться постановки балетных спектаклей с использованием движений казахского танца. В рассматриваемом в данной статье спектакле «Пробуждение» казахстанский балетмейстер Дамир Уразымбетов продолжает свои поиски в сфере национального танца, подойдя к жанру балета-поэзии. Можно предположить, что в названии балета заложен полисмысл. Обращаясь к термину «пробуждение», хореограф вещает не только о весне как о времени года. Автор постановки обращается к зрителю, призывая его к пробуждению ото сна, к сохранению природного естества и первозданности жизни. Это также и пробуждение как метафора мышления, где может подразумеваться возвращение к чистому духу, к чистому бытию, лишенному искусственно усложненных образов и соответственно перенасыщенности. Очевидна попытка хореографа уйти от перегрузки сцены ненужными танцу декорациями, излишнего столкновения зрителя с драмой и дать ему возможность вдохнуть, услышать «свежий воздух». Но только ли весны? Может, это есть и предощущение нового течения, жанра в балете Казахстана? Сколько угодно можно размышлять о балете и природе танца. Но не всегда рациональность есть правильное решение, иногда воображение может диктовать больше «высоких» смыслов. Танец способствует появлению присутствия в мире чуда.
The Applied Strategic Model of Organic Profit for Brick-and-Mortar Retailing in India (SOPR-b)
Authors: Ganesha H. R. , Aithal P. S.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To build an applied strategic model which is suitable for brick-and-mortar (B&M) retailing in India to achieve sustainable and organic profit.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Pragmatism research philosophical paradigm; Abductive research approach; Multi-method choice and longitudinal time horizon for data collection; qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques.
Findings/Result: The SOPR-b model has established a statistically significant positive relationship between the share of organic profit; organic growth in customers’ repeat visit/purchase intention; organic customer orientation in the marketing mix and margin of safety; ownership and accountability held by the employees of sales & store operations; sales and stores operation orientation in the organizational structure; organic customer retention orientation in the performance measures and rewards.
Originality/Value: The new strategic model developed draws on insights from over 9 empirical studies, 26 qualitative studies, 35 field experiments, evaluation of over 20 million customer-level transactions, and important existing theories, models, and frameworks from multiple disciplines that are pertinent to the Indian context in the accessible literature.
Paper Type: Applied Research
Diagnostic and therapy of a cervical emphysema
Authors: Faitlová Hana , Bukvová Michaela , Mejzlík Jan , Valenta Tomáš , Kortán Václav , Chrobok Viktor , Vodička Jan
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Emphysema of the neck represents a crucial symptom of swallowing/respiratory pathways injuries or rarely passes to the neck area from diff erent locations. The clinical image can develop dramatically in the fi rst hours after onset and frequently the etiology remains unclear. Dyspnoea, dysphagia, retrosternal or interscapular pain usually follows. In the diff erential dia gnosis, not only traumatic etiology but also other acute conditions must be considered – e. g. acute coronary syndrome etc. The size of emphysema varies, also head and chest area can also be aff ected. Pneumomediastinum or partial pneumothorax are also often presented. The primarily aim of this paper is to discuss a dia gnostic and therapeutic possibilities, not to determine the incidence of emphysema. Methodology: This is a retrospective multicenter study involving patients from three regional ENT departments – Pardubice Hospital, Hradec Králové University Hospital and Liberec Hospital over a period of 15 years (2005–2020). Only clinically signifi cant emphysema, emphysema of unclear origin and emphysema requiring intensive care were in-rolled. Results: In a group of 15 patients, there are the following causes of cervical emphysema – 3 laryngeal injuries, 3 Hamman’s syndromes, 2 tracheal intubations, 2 traumas of swallowing pathways, 2 in COVID-19 disease, 1 tonsillectomy, 1 urgent tracheostomy and 1 sneezing. Etiologically, the Valsalva maneuver is an important (co)factor, dominating especially in adolescents and young adults (53%, 8 patients). Traumatic etiology occurred at the age of 17–53 years (33%, 5 patients). Iatrogenic involvement is more common over the age of 55 years. Pneumomediastinum occurred in 47% and partial pneumothorax in 40% of patients. Four of those initially unclear cases are discussed in detail. Conclusion: Imaging methods and endoscopic examination are indicated in a patient with cervical emphysema of unclear origin. Prophylactic use of broad-spectrum antibio tics, observation and interdisciplinary cooperation are always necessary. Key words emphysema – Hamman’s syndrome – pneumothorax – pneumomediastinum – covid lung injury
Round window atresia – a case report
Authors: Vitoul Kryštof , Salzman Richard
Published: September 2022

Summary Only a few cases of a round windows atresia have been reported in the literature so far. The dia gnosis is based on the preoperative CT scan and local fi ndings during a middle ear exploration. The complete round window closure leads to a signifi cant conductive hearing loss. The hearing test result might be similar to the one found in otosclerosis. We report a case of 30-year-old woman, who previously underwent three surgeries for suspected otosclerosis without any hearing improvement. A round window atresia was only identified during following revision surgery, as well as a missing stapedial muscle, an abnormal shape and movement of the stapes footplate. In order to achieve a functional inner ear hydrodynamics, a cochlear fenestration was performed. Although there was a signifi cant improvement in the cochlear reserve at speech frequencies after the operation, the patient didn’t report any hearing improvement. Although otosclerosis may be considered as a cause of the conductive hearing loss preoperatively, rare dia gnoses should not be neglected. The aim of this case report is to share the experience and highlight mistakes made. After each unsuccessful stapedoplasty with unsatisfying hearing gain, a high resolution CT should be performed to exclude third window syndrome or another rare abnormality. Key words atresia – cochlear fenestration – round window – stapes surgery
The Role of Personal Knowledge Management on the Effects of Self-Leadership to Transformational Leadership: A Study on the Public Healthcare Managers
Authors: EROĞLU İpek , SARACEL Nüket
Published: September 2022

In the present era called the information age, also known as the digital age, healthcare managers have to deal with many challenges besides trying to adapt to the rapidly changing micro and macro-environment affected by the pandemic. Currently, digitalization and hybrid work ecosystem are on the rise requiring healthcare managers to effectively use self knowledge management tools to lead themselves and be able to lead their staff members by inspiring, encouraging and motivating them transforming their staff members creating value for all. However, there is insufficient research on the relationship of leadership styles and personal knowledge management. The aim of this study is to determine the mediating role of personal knowledge management in the effect of self-leadership on transformational leadership. The study was carried out with scales of self-leadership, transformational leadership and personal knowledge management. Scales were validated by factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships. The research universe consisted of the public healthcare managers working in Istanbul. It was found that the validity and the reliability of the research scales were high. According to the research findings; the self-leadership and transformational leadership perceptions of healthcare managers working in public institutions are high. The results obtained demonstrate the existence of a partial mediation effect of personal knowledge management on the positive effect of self-leadership on transformational leadership.
EVALUATION OF AGGRESSION MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR NURSING STUDENTS: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: ATA Elvan Emine , BAHADIR YILMAZ Emel
Published: September 2022

Background: Aggression is a significant problem for nursing students in clinical settings.

Purpose: To determine the effects of the education given to nursing students on the management of aggressive individuals.

Method: This quasi-experimental study was carried out using a nonrandomized, controlled pretest/posttest design with a 3-month follow-up. The study sample comprised 180 students who volunteered to participate in the study. The experimental group participated in an aggression management training program. The Perception of Aggression Scale (PAS) and knowledge of aggression management tests was applied before and after the intervention (immediately and at 3 months).

Results: Most of the participants in the experimental group (65.2%) and the control group (54.1%) were aged 19-21 years and most were female. Nearly all of the participants in the experimental group (96.6%) and most of the control group (83.6%) reported having cared for aggressive patients; 49.4% of the participants in the experimental group and 39.3% of those in the control group stated that they had difficulty caring for aggressive patients due to lack of relevant information. The mean posttest PAS functional subscale score was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (p
CONDIÇÕES ASSOCIADAS À PARTICIPAÇÃO DE PRODUTORES DE FRUTAS E HORTALIÇAS EM CANAIS DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Camara Simone Bueno , Dias Jaqueline Menezes , da Silva Gustavo Pinto , Von Ende Marta , da Silva Ricardo Vieira
Published: September 2022

A inserção dos agricultores nos mercados pode variar desde uma simples troca de excedentes a formas mais organizadas e complexas, construídas a partir de processos de interação social. Essas diferentes formas de troca de produtos são denominadas canais de comercialização, que se caracterizam por distintas formas de interação dos produtores com os mercados. Este trabalho tem por objetivo explorar e compreender as condições que podem estar relacionadas à participação dos produtores de frutas e hortaliças do Vale do Jaguari em diferentes canais de comercialização. A operacionalização da pesquisa se deu por aplicação de questionários junto aos 67 produtores que se declararam produtores de frutas e/ou hortaliças. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 21, utilizando técnicas de estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado. Observou-se que cada município apresenta diferentes formas de inserção dos fruticultores e horticultores nos mercados. Em Jaguari, o mercado territorial se destaca pela presença da Cooperativa Agrária S. José Ltda, enquanto em Nova Esperança do Sul os mercados de proximidade são mais representativos. O tipo de produto também interfere no acesso a um ou mais mercados. Comparativamente, em Nova Esperança do Sul, as relações comerciais são caracterizadas por vínculos interpessoais baseados na confiança e amizade entre os indivíduos, principalmente em pequenas comunidades; em Jaguari, a maioria das transações é baseada em valores monetários (preço), mas com forte ênfase na importância de questões de proveniência e reputação, que foram sendo construídas ao longo do tempo.
Evaluation of Myocardial Ischemia with Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy and 2D- Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Patient Group
Authors: Arslan Mehmet , Barutcu Ahmet , Arslan Şeyda Ferah , Duygu Ali
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Strain analysis with 2D speckle tracking echocardiography could be used in the diagnosis of severe coronary artery disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 2D speckle tracking echocardiography in a group of patients with positive myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy (MPS) but without severe coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: Forty (25 female, age: 58.85±9.73) patients with the of angina pectoris and ischemia was found in MPS but non-obstructive CAD (<50% stenosis) was observed in coronary angiography was included. Strain analysis was performed in all patients using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography. Longitudinal strains weremeasured for 17 LV myocardial segments. LV segments were grouped as ischemic and non-ischemic segments according to MPS results and strain parameters of 680 segments were compared.
Results: The mean longitudinal strain values of the segments with ischemia were -20.24±6.0%, and the segments without ischemia were found as -20.11±6.46%, and no statistically significant difference was observed (p>0.05). In subgroup analyzes based on gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, no difference was observed between ischemic and non-ischemic segments in terms of longitudinal strain.
Conclusion: In the patient group without severe coronary artery disease, no difference was observed between the staining parameters in the left ventricle 2D longitudinal strain analysis in terms of MPS positive segments and MPS negative segments. Considering previous studies, by using 2D strain analysis in combination with MPS, we can avoid unnecessary coronary artery angiography in special cases such as kidney failure, suspected MPS positivity.
A função educativa e regeneradora da prática esportiva em Belo Horizonte (1930-1940)
Authors: Teixeira Soutto Mayor Sarah , De Souza Neto Georgino Jorge , Da Silva Silvio Ricardo
Published: September 2022

O artigo objetiva analisar a veiculação do esporte em Belo Horizonte nas décadas de 1930 e 1940 e sua relação com um incisivo processo de educação dos corpos, considerando as especificidades da recém-criada capital do estado de Minas Gerais. Como método, foram analisados especialmente jornais e revistas que estiveram em circulação na temporalidade proposta. Concluímos que o esporte, notadamente como manifestação do/no lazer, foi veiculado recorrentemente como parte importante de uma contundente empreitada em prol da transformação dos corpos e dos comportamentos da população. Carregado de alto valor moral e disciplinar, deveria ser capaz de incutir no cidadão mineiro possibilidades de condutas mais afeitas à vida no espaço público e ao progresso representado pelas inovações industriais e tecnológicas.
Uma revisão integrativa das sequelas da COVID-19
Authors: Aguiar Bianca Fontana , Lind Jolline , Pasquini-Netto Harli , Böger Beatriz , Abatti Rafaella Tiepo Borges , Ramos Moacir Pires , Rocha Jaime Luis Lopes
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura disponível as sequelas de saúde desenvolvidas pela população adoecida pela COVID-19.Métodos: Revisão integrativa com publicações recuperadas a partir do acesso ao Medline via PubMed e ao Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) em abril de 2021 que responderam à questão norteadora: Quais as principais sequelas de saúde desenvolvidas pela população adoecida pela COVID-19?. A estratégia de busca incluiu os descritores: Coronavirus Infections, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, Complications, Disease, Adult, Long COVID. Identificaram-se 348 publicações, 196 da BVS e 152 no PubMed. Após análise dos critérios de inclusão/exclusão, permaneceram 66 publicações para leitura na íntegra, restando 27 artigos que compuseram a amostra. Resultados: As evidências selecionadas dos 27 artigos permitiram identificação das principais sequelas: neurológicas, saúde mental, cardíacas, no olfato e paladar, vasculares, cutâneas, respiratórias e gastrointestinais. A maior prevalência de sequelas neurológicas ocorreu em mulheres, bem como as cardíacas nos homens; não havendo distinção da prevalência de sintomas de saúde mental entre homens e mulheres. Conclusão: Com base nesses achados, evidenciou-se a importância do acompanhamento em longo prazo das pessoas que tiveram COVID-19, uma vez que os sintomas desenvolvidos como sequelas não são exclusivos dessa doença e podem impactar na qualidade de vida.
Los Rodríguez's Sin Documentos
Authors: Fouce Héctor , del Val Fernán
Published: September 2022

Sin documentos is a landmark album in Spanish popular culture and continues to maintain considerable popularity more than two decades after its release. The characteristic guitar riff of the title song, a kind of rumba-rock, still occupies a place at every party in Spain. Los Rodriguez’s success came after a decade characterized by the rise and fall of local-language punk and new wave bands. By the time Sin Documentos appeared, however, most Spanish bands were singing in English and had turned to grunge and noise rock.

How might we explain the significance of this band and its Spanish-language music with Latin-American influences in the decade of the 1990s, which was otherwise dominated by English-language indie and grunge music? This book evaluates the relationship between Spain and Argentina, and recognizes the major influence of Latin American pop-rock on the modernization of Spanish popular music beginning in the 1950s. Through interviews with members of the band and the album producer, analysis of the media coverage of the album, and a cultural analysis of its meanings, it delves into the cultural trends of Spain throughout the 1990s and beyond.
Dancing to the Drum Machine
Authors: LeRoy Dan
Published: September 2022

What does it mean, in a polarized political climate, that feminism is popular in mainstream pop? Engaging with feminist theory and previous research about gender and music, this book investigates the meaning of current trends relating to gender, feminism and woman-identified artists in mediated popular music. The examples discussed throughout the book include Beyoncé’s concert documentary Homecoming, the Swedish music industry #MeToo petition signed by 2,192 artists, the television show Star and the functions of a music streaming service. The volume discusses the media specificity of the different examples; introduces and explains feminist theories and concepts; and analyses the position of women, gender equality and feminism in mainstream pop music today.
Directed cough manoeuvres in the early period after open abdominal surgery
Authors: Yildirim Meric , Ozyurek Seher , Avci Ersin , Savci Sema , Egeli Tufan , Karadibak Didem
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Postoperative pulmonary complications are a common cause for morbidity and mortality after open abdominal surgery (OAS). Incisional pain and restrictive lung dysfunction may impair cough effectiveness, leading to secretion retention. Ineffective cough is a most important factor in the development of postoperative pulmonary complications. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective directed cough manoeuvre early after OAS.

Methods

The study involved 41 patients (19 females, 22 males; median age: 44.0 years) who underwent OAS. Cough effectiveness was assessed by measuring peak cough flow on the 1st postoperative day with a portable flow meter in 4 different cough manoeuvres: (1) baseline cough 1: patients were asked to cough as effectively as possible; (2) supported cough; (3) supported cough after maximum inspiration; (4) baseline cough 2. Pain intensity during the measurements was evaluated with the Visual Numeric Scale (0–10).

Results

When the 4 cough conditions were compared, peak cough flow was significantly different (p < 0.001). This difference was due to the superiority of supported cough after maximum inspiration in comparison with the other 3 manoeuvres (p < 0.001). Pain did not significantly differ among the 4 measurements (p = 0.869).

Conclusions

Coughing with abdominal support after maximum inspiration in a semi-recumbent position provides the most effective cough flow after OAS, without increasing incisional pain intensity. Patients who underwent OAS should be encouraged to practise this manoeuvre in the early postoperative period in order to help bronchial drainage and prevent postoperative pulmonary complications.
Another Option for the Next Generation Gravity Mission Orbit Configuration
Authors: Bender Peter
Published: September 2022

ANOTHER OPTION FOR THE NEXT GEN. GRAVITY MISSION ORBIT CONFIGURATION

For the polar pair of a next generation gravity mission, an attractive feature would be to keep the repeat period for the ground track quite short.  The satellites hopefully will include a much-simplified version of the Gravitational Reference Sensors demonstrated on the LISA Pathfinder Mission, as well as laser interferometry between the two satellites.  A short period repeat option for the orbits is 107 satellite revolutions in 7 sidereal days, at an altitude of 468 km.  Because of the fairly high altitude, the amount of propulsion needed for drag-free operation would be relatively small.

With this geometry, the upward passes across the equator will be separated by 3.4 deg in longitude, and will be followed 3.5 days later by downward passes at the same longitudes.  In the northern hemisphere, the upward and downward passes also will cross at latitudes of 25.7 and 51.4 degrees.  At all latitudes, the maximum gaps in longitude between upward and downward passes for 3 successive days will be 6.7 deg. or less.  In analysing the 7-day data sets, the maximum ground track separation in longitude would be 378 km.  Thus, for a point mass half way between the nearest ground tracks, the minimum distance to the satellites would be increased only from 468 km to 505 km at the most. 

A recent study by R. Spero (Adv. Space Res. 67 (2021) 1656-1664) addressed the question of how accurately rapid changes in a local mass concentration could be measured with earth gravity change mission measurements.  One case that was included had about the same measurement capability as the next generation gravity mission (NGGM) assumed here.  For this case, the reduction in the instrumental measurement uncertailty was dramatic.  However, the actual usefulness of the results would be strongly limited by the a priory uncertainty in our ability to understand the geophysical sources of the geopotential variations.  Thus, while our uncertainty in the geopotential variations at satellite altitude would be reduced at almost all frequencies, it probably would be a long time before our understanding of the geophysical sources of the variations becomes good in most regions at frequencies below about 60 cycles/rev.

Fortunately, this limitation will be less severe in regions where one source of geopotential variation is dominant, such as river basins where the dominant variation is in the near-surface stored water level.
EOF analysis of the monthly gravity fields from GRACE and GRACE-FO 
Authors: Cheng Minkang , ries John
Published: September 2022

Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis is applied to study the spatial structure and temporal feature of the time series of the global EWH from GRACE/GRACE-FO-derived gravity fields. The scaled PC time series for the corresponding trend spatial structure of GRACE appears to change from initially linearly decreasing to increasing around June 2013, while the trend is continuously increasing for GRACE-FO. The EOF spatial structure from the GRACE or GRACE-FO derived SHC (spherical harmonic coefficients) with size of 6x6 can improve recovering the time series of C30/C50 from the SLR data over the period prior to March 2012 when the LARES data were not available. With the EOF technique and a time variable gravity model applied for the higher degrees, a new time series of C20 and C30 is determined based on the temporal feature from SLR and the better EOF spatial structure determined from the SHC in GRACE (or GRACE-FO) solutions, which are less influenced by the higher-degree aliasing. The EOF-based estimates of C20 and C30 may provide an estimate better unified with the higher-degree part of the GRACE (for C20) and GRACE-FO gravity fields.
GRACE-FO Data Assimilation Applications and Issues
Authors: Rodell Matthew
Published: September 2022

Multiple projects now assimilate GRACE and GRACE-FO data into land surface models in order to constrain the terrestrial water storage state variables (e.g., groundwater, soil moisture, snow) in those models.  This approach has been employed successfully to generate weekly, global drought and wetness indicators, among other products. However, in some cases GRACE/FO data assimilation can actually degrade the model output due to the spatial and temporal smoothing of localized mass change signals.  We focus on the state of Colorado as an example, where mass changes associated with seasonal snowpack in the mountainous western half of the state become damped by leakage of the weaker mass change signal in the dry eastern half of the state.  The effect is more acute at high elevations where the seasonal snowpack is deepest.  Innovative new GRACE/FO products and/or data assimilation schemes are needed to overcome such issues.
GRACE and GRACE-FO Level 2 RL07 data processing at JPL
Authors: Ellmer Matthias , Wiese David , Kuang Da , Landerer Felix , Blackwood Carmen , McCullough Christopher , Yuan Dah-Ning , Fahnestock Eugene , Peidou Athina
Published: September 2022

The RL07 series of GRACE gravity field products generated at JPL is a reprocessing of updated Level 1 data for the entire mission duration. Some aspects of the Level 2 processing have been updated from the RL06 series, in an effort to improve solution quality and uncertainty quantification.

Level 2 processing improvements include the co-estimation and use of full observation covariance matrices for both GPS and inter-satellite ranging KBR observations, and the use of an updated background field (GOCO06s) and other models. The updates ensure consistency and continuity with the GRACE-FO data record, which is processed using the same standards.

We present time series and analysis of these new fields, and compare them to the previously released JPL RL06 series of gravity field solutions, showing higher fidelity in formal errors, and improvements in solution noise levels. For the GRACE-FO time period, we compare KBR solutions with LRI fields processed using this new set of standards.
Error characterization of GNSS vertical land displacements for use in GNSS-GRACE joint inversion
Authors: Peidou Athina , Landerer Felix , Wiese David , Argus Donald , Ellmer Matthias
Published: September 2022

Quantification of uncertainty in surface mass change signals derived from GNSS measurements poses challenges, especially when dealing with large datasets with continental or global coverage. Our aim is to assign weights to GNSS estimates of vertical land displacement (VLD), which will be used in a future joint solution with GRACE observations. Thus, we study the structure and quantify the uncertainty present in VLD estimates derived from 3045 GNSS stations distributed across the continental US. Monthly means of daily positions are available for 15 years. First, we remove outliers by performing a 3σ test, and data screening via a number of correlation metrics between the input GNSS VLD estimates and external validation datasets (i.e., VLD predicted from GRACE/GRACE-FO and hydrology models). Afterwards, we employ various processing schemes to characterize the uncertainty of VLD through stochastic modeling and quantification of the spatially correlated errors. In particular, we test for white, colored and spatially correlated noise. When only white noise is considered nearly 30% of the stations exhibit noise level < 2 mm, 65% noise between 2-4 mm and 5% noise > 4 mm.  In case of colored noise, error smaller than 2 mm, between 2-4 mm and >4mm, is mapped in 20%, 60% and 20% of the stations, respectively. Spatially correlated noise is in family but slightly smaller in magnitude compared to colored noise.
Towards a new release of the ITSG-Grace gravity field solutions: New investigations and first results
Authors: Öhlinger Felix , Mayer-Gürr Torsten , Kvas Andreas , Krauss Sandro , Süsser-Rechberger Barbara , Dumitraschkewitz Patrick
Published: September 2022

The Institute of Geodesy of the Graz University of Technology produces high quality GRACE/GRACE-FO gravity fields using an in-house developed software, the Gravity Recovery Object Oriented Programming System (GROOPS). We are currently working on a new release which will be based on the reprocessed Level-1A Release 05 Grace data the AOD1B Release 07 dealiasing product covering the complete GRACE/GRACE-FO time-span. Like its predecessor (ITSG-Grace2018) the new release will include a static field, unconstrained monthly, as well as Kalman smoothed daily solutions.

New investigations and improvements comprise: (a) A revision of the Level 1a to Level 1b processing focusing on the determination of the accelerometer transplant. 
(b) Updated background models which include an improved model of the thermosphere with higher temporal resolution as well as an optimized tide model. 
(c) The inclusion of LRI measurements in the gravity field recovery using optimal weighting achieved through stochastic modeling.
Comparing Land Surface Model Performance between Fine-scale and Coarse-scale Assimilation: Leaf Area Index Retrievals versus GRACE / GRACE-FO Retrievals 
Authors: Moghaddasi Alireza , Forman Barton
Published: September 2022

Land surface models (LSMs) are useful for estimating land surface states and fluxes such as snow water equivalent, soil moisture content, vegetation, and river discharge. Although estimates are continuous in time and space, LSMs are flawed since they lack comprehensive representation of process physics and are dependent on uncertain boundary conditions. One way to improve LSM performance is by conditioning model states on space-borne retrievals using an ensemble Kalman filter framework.

 

In this study, the Noah-MP version 4.0.1 LSM without conditioning (a.k.a., Open Loop; OL) is compared against the same model with conditioning (a.k.a., Data Assimilation; DA). Two different univariate DA experiments are conducted:  1) assimilation using terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomalies from GRACE / GRACE-FO, and 2) assimilation using leaf area index (LAI) retrievals from MODIS. Not only do the experiments assimilate different types of retrievals (i.e., TWS versus LAI), but also, they assimilate products of different spatial (~3° versus ~0.005°) and temporal (~monthly versus ~weekly) resolutions. Experiments are conducted across different watersheds in North America with a particular focus on basins with irrigated agriculture. Modeled states and fluxes from the OL and DA are then compared against independent, ground-based measurement networks including U.S. SNOTEL, Canadian CanSWE product, U.S. SCAN for soil moisture, and USGS measurement gauges for river discharge. Statistical analyses, including bias, RMSE, and normalized information content (NIC) are computed to quantify the marginal improvements via each assimilation experiment. Results provide a basis to better understand the coupling between different state variables (i.e., snow mass, soil moisture, and groundwater) as well as the utility of using coarse-scale and fine-scale retrievals in land data assimilation.

 
Estimation of mass variations within Greenland by an inversion of GRACE/GFO spherical harmonic coefficients into a global set of mascon-type mass anomalies
Authors: Ditmar Pavel
Published: September 2022

Satellite gravimetry is one of the primary tools to monitor mass variations of ice sheets. In this study, we apply data from GRACE and GRACE Follow-on (GFO) missions to quantify ice mass variations per Drainage Basin (DB) of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). To that end, we invert monthly sets of GRACE/GFO-based sets of spherical harmonic coefficients into mascon-type mass anomalies defined on a global equiangular grid. To suppress noise in the obtained estimates, a first-order Tikhonov regularization is applied. Regularization parameters are defined separately for ocean and land areas to ensure a much higher smoothness of mass anomalies over the ocean, as compared to the land. Such an approach offers a number of advantages, as compared to an estimation of mascon-type mass anomalies within a limited region only: (i) there is no need in low-degree coefficients that cannot be provided by GRACE/GFO missions with a sufficient accuracy (such as degree-1, C2,0, and C3,0 coefficients); (ii) it is not necessary to incorporate a correction for a leakage of hydrological and ice-related signals into Greenland from surrounding areas, since those signals are co-estimated; (iii) error propagation is straightforward.

In our study, we use as input the monthly ITSG-Grace2018 solutions produced at Graz Technical University (Austria). The resulting mass anomalies are estimated on a global 1o × 0.4o grid. Ultimately, they are integrated to yield the total mass anomaly per DB (the GrIS being split into six DBs).To enable the data inversion in spite of a large number of unknown parameters, we exploit the pre-conditioned conjugate gradient method. Two different regularization parameters are used within the study area: (i) a relatively small parameter for the Greenland’s coastal area and the periphery of the GrIS and (ii) a much larger regularization parameter for the inner part of the GrIS. To find the optimal values of the regularization parameters, we make use of a numerical study. We simulate a realistic signal and noise for one particular month (namely, Jan. 2019). Then, we select the regularization parameters that result in the smallest RMS differences between the estimated and the “true” mass anomalies per DB. Those parameters ensure a sufficient suppression of random noise in the mass anomaly estimates, while avoiding a substantial signal leakage between the DBs. The optimal values of the regularization parameters are applied to process all the available GRACE/GFO monthly solutions in the time interval from Apr. 2002 to Dec. 2021. This allows us to produce a time-series of mass anomalies for each of the six DBs under consideration, as well as for the territory of Greenland as a whole. The obtained results were submitted to the IMBIE-3 inter-comparison project.
Time-variable gravity field determination from GRACE Follow-On data usingthe Celestial Mechanics Approach extended by empirical noise modelling
Authors: Lasser Martin , Meyer Ulrich , Arnold Daniel , Jäggi Adrian
Published: September 2022

We study gravity field determination from GRACE Follow-On satellite-to-satellite tracking using the inter-satellite K-band link and kinematic positions of the satellites as observations and pseudo-observations respectively. A key component of any model is the accurate specification of its quality. In the case of gravity field modelling from satellite data with the Celestial Mechanics Approach (CMA) a least-squares adjustment is performed to obtain a monthly solution of the Earth’s gravity field. However, the jointly estimated formal errors usually do not reflect the error level that could be expected but provides much lower error estimates.
We present gravity field solutions computed with the CMA and extend it by an empirical modelling of the noise based on the post-fit residuals between the final GRACE Follow-On orbits, that are co-estimated together with the gravity field, and the observations, expressed in position residuals to the kinematic positions and in K-band range-rate residuals.
We compare and validate the solutions that use empirical modelling with solutions from the operational GRACE Follow-On processing at AIUB by examining the stochastic  behaviour of the respective post-fit residuals, by investigating areas where a low noise is expected and by inspecting the mass trend estimates in certain areas of global interest. Finally, we investigate the influence of the empirically weighted solutions in a combination of monthly gravity fields based on other approaches as it is done by the Combination Service for Time-variable Gravity fields (COST-G) and make use of noise and signal assessment applying the quality control tools routinely used in the frame of COST-G.
Synoptic meteorological signal in daily and five-day GRACE/GRACE-FO solutions
Authors: Rateb Ashraf , Sun Alex , Save Himanshu , Scanlon Bridget R. , Hasan Emad
Published: September 2022

The sub-monthly gravity solutions derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and its Follow-On (FO) missions at daily and five-day interval represent a new opportunity to investigate rapid sub-monthly changes in terrestrial hydrology and help to map and understand the progression of hydrological extremes. In this research, we report on a comparison of the five-day mascon solution developed by the Center for Space Research (CSRm-5d), University of Texas at Austin, and the daily spherical harmonics solution from the Institute of Geodesy, Graz University of Technology (ITSG-2018). We compare the two GRACE/GRACE-FO products with atmospheric reanalysis data for the net meteorological changes in the water balance over grid and hydrological basin scales using an independent NASA-Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate  (ERA -5) data covering the period 2004-2010. Water fluxes and net changes in water balance at a 5-day rate, and 1-degree grid were derived, and the signal at sub-monthly timescale was isolated using one-dimensional inverse wavelet transform. Statistical matrices were used to evaluate the phase, amplitudes, and variability of the rapid signal. Results show that both GRACE/GRACE-FO data uncover valuable information of net meteorological changes for time scale as short as 11-day. Higher variability and stronger amplitude of the signal are predominantly in areas where the change in the meteorological fluxes is high (e.g., North India, South Africa, and Eastern U.S). While the ITSG-2018 solutions are statistically and process model-based, the CSRm-5d solutions are purely based on gravity fields. Both datasets show consistent agreement relative to the MERRA-2 over the globe. Rapid sampling of GRACE/GRACE FO gravity fields provides a new avenue to infer and understand rapid global and local geophysical processes.   

 

   
Precise orbit determination and accelerometer data modelling of the GRACE Follow-On mission
Authors: Papanikolaou Thomas
Published: September 2022

Precise orbit determination is a major objective in satellite geodesy and data analysis of several satellite missions observing Earth or another planet. Satellite gravity missions such as the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) Follow-On mission, require high level of orbit precision (cm level) in order to capture the gravity field modelling of static and time-variable components. The mission’s on-board accelerometers form a key instrument for the direct measurement of non-gravitational perturbations. The accelerometry data processing is crucial for accelerometers with reduced performance following the launch into space such as the case of one of the GRACE-FO satellites. The current study focuses on the GRACE-FO accelerometer calibration modelling within a scheme of precise orbit determination. In particular, the estimation of accelerometer calibration parameters includes bias, drift and scale factors in combination with a minimum number of empirical forces of cycle-per-revolution terms and bias accelerations. The consideration of such empirical perturbations aims at capturing periodic mismodelling effects and accelerometer data errors. The applied approach leads to orbital residuals varying within a few mm to cm while the inter-satellite LRI and KBR range-rate data residuals vary within a few μm/sec.
New developments in Earth systems mass change studies with GRACE and GRACE Follow-On for monitoring of extreme events
Authors: Ghobadi-Far Khosro , Han Shin-Chan
Published: September 2022

The conventional data products from GRACE and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) are global snapshots of time-variable gravity or surface mass change, providing “average” fields of these quantities over a certain period like one month or 10 days. In this presentation, we propose an alternative approach based on along-orbit analysis of inter-satellite ranging residuals which represent “instantaneous” gravitational changes at satellite altitude due to mass changes happening beneath the satellites at the Earth surface. We first present the key improvement in distinguishing small-scale gravitational signals by GRACE-FO LRI (relative to KBR) associated with high-resolution (1) static gravity (global) and (2) time-variable gravity (mainly at polar regions). We then demonstrate that our approach opens new opportunities in Earth system mass change studies for monitoring of extreme, transient events. We do so by presenting multiple rapidly-changing geophysical applications: (1) GRACE KBR observations of large tsunamis with their unique characteristics in detecting the large-scale variability of tsunami wave field, (2) GRACE-FO LRI observations of the high-frequency gyre in the Argentine Basin and their validation with satellite altimetry, (3) GRACE-FO LRI observations of a rapid mass change in the Gulf of Carpentaria during a cyclone in 2019 and their application for validation of high-frequency ocean models (used for de-aliasing in satellite gravimetry), and (4) gravitational changes of Earth’s free oscillations excited by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake, their mapping into inter-satellite tracking explained by the Kaula theory and the potential detectability of gravitational oscillations related to Earth’s football mode by GRACE KBR data. The above transient mass changes cannot be adequately studied using the conventional data products of average snapshots (maps). Thus, the along-orbit analysis technique offers a unique opportunity to broaden the scope of geodetic and geophysical applications that can be addressed by GRACE and GRACE-FO satellites.
Nota de retractación: Saraiva, R., & Arévalo, J. (2021). La realidad de las bibliotecas de los hospitales del centro de Portugal
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: September 2022

Los autores de "La realidad de las bibliotecas de los hospitales del centro de Portugal", publicado en la edición 81 pp 1-15, informaron su voluntad de retractar el artículo. El motivo es publicar el artículo en otra revista. El Equipo Editorial de Biblios acepta y procede a la retractación del trabajo, siguiendo los protocolos del Comité de Ética en las Publicaciones (COPE), y notificaron oportunamente a los autores.