bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A lakosságtájékoztatás aktuális helyzete Magyarországon 2020
Authors: Bene Viktória
Published: November 2021

Veszélyhelyzetben, a magatartási szabályok szigorításával a lakosság kiszolgáltatottsága hatványozódik, ezért a kialakult élethelyzetben a lakosságtájékoztatás különös figyelmet igényel. A tájékoztatásának minden esetben szinkronban kell lenni a lakosság szocializációs különbségeivel, mert a kialakult társadalmi rétegek nem képesek egyforma intenzitással követni a változásokat. Az információ biztosítása többrétű és a különböző generációkat elérő tájékoztatással valósulhat meg. Figyelemmel arra, hogy veszély esetén az idő szerepe felértékelődik és az idős lakosság elérése nehezebb, meg kell vizsgálni a számukra legmegfelelőbb tájékoztatás lehetőségét a fiatal lakosság fejlődést támogató igénye mellett.
Kutatásom részeként 2020-ban lakossági kérdőíves közvélemény-kutatást készítettem, mely alapján megvizsgáltam a lakosság információs szokásait, a veszélyhelyzetre történő felkészültségét és a veszélyhelyzeti kommunikáció fejlesztéseinek igényét. Statisztikai adatokkal szemléltetem, hogy miként vélekedik a társadalom a lakosságtájékoztatás aktuális helyzetéről. A kutatási célom, hogy feltárjam mennyire van felkészülve a lakosság az olyan rendkívüli körülményre, mint amit a COVID-19 világjárvány generált, valamint felmérni, hogy a lakosság igényli-e a lakosságtájékoztatás fejlesztését modernizációs és tradicionális tekintetben egyaránt.
Alergeny – zamierzona i niezamierzona obecność w kontekście wymagań prawa i standardów GFSI
Authors: Święs Danuta , Sikora Tadeusz
Published: October 2021

W pracy przedstawiono przegląd najważniejszych wymagań prawnych oraz wymagań uznanych standardów GFSI, tj. IFS, BRC i FSSC 22000 w zakresie zarządzania alergenami, w tym obowiązku związanego ze znakowaniem produktów. W przypadku wymagań prawnych uwagę skupiono w głównej mierze na Rozporządzeniu 1169/2011 i załączniku II do tego rozporządzenia, w którym przedstawionych zostało 14 produktów alergennych, jak również na przewodnikach wydanych do tego rozporządzenia. Omówiono również zagadnienie niezamierzonej obecności alergenów i związanych z tym obowiązków, jakie spoczywają na producentach. Znakowanie ostrzegawcze o obecności alergenów (PAL – Precautionary Allergen Labelling) nie jest uregulowane prawnie i producenci na podstawie analizy ryzyka i wykorzystania dostępnych na rynku wiadomości i programów (np. VITAL – Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling) sami podejmują decyzję o formie i treści informacji, które umieszczają na swoich produktach o zanieczyszczeniach krzyżowych. Przykładowo przedstawiono wymagania dotyczące oznaczenia alergenów oraz niezamierzonej obecności alergenów w wybranych 8 krajach. Następnie podano zakres wymagań związanych z alergenami w standardzie IFS, wersja 6.1, BRC, wersja 8, jak również FSSC 22000, wersja 4.1. W BRC szeroko opisane są wymagania związane z alergenami. Cały rozdział 5.3 poświęcony jest tym wymaganiom, które są kluczowe w ustanawianiu i realizacji działań zapewniających jakość i bezpieczeństwo żywności. IFS, jak i FSSC 22000 w znacznie mniejszym stopniu definiują zakres wymagań związanych z alergenami. Każdy producent jest zobowiązany do wdrożenia systemów związanych z zarządzaniem alergenami. W przypadku uregulowanych zagadnień prawnych związanych ze znakowaniem należy je stosować, natomiast w sytuacji braku uregulowań prawnych (jak w przypadku PAL) to na producencie spoczywa obowiązek wprowadzenia do obrotu produktów bezpiecznych, również w kontekście alergenów.
Zmiany zawartości witaminy C w owocach czterech odmian papryki – chłodzonych, mrożonych i liofilizowanych w zależności od okresu przechowywania
Authors: Chilczuk Barbara , Staszowska-Karkut Monika , Materska Małgorzata , Michałojć Zenia
Published: October 2021

Witamina C należy do grupy egzogennych składników odżywczych, które muszą być dostarczane w codziennej diecie. Jest to związek o działaniu wielokierunkowym. Ze względu na wysoką aktywność chemiczną witamina C jest związkiem nietrwałym. Ulega szybkiej degradacji w tkankach roślinnych pod wpływem zewnętrznych czynników stresowych, do których należą m.in. zabiegi kulinarne. Z kolei jej powolny rozkład jest procesem naturalnym zachodzącym podczas przechowywania owoców i warzyw. Do warzyw zasobnych w witaminę C należy papryka, zarówno słodka, jak i ostra. Przechowywanie owoców po zbiorze, jak również sposób konserwacji przed długoterminowym przechowywaniem wpływają na zmiany zawartości tego składnika. W pracy określono zawartość oraz trwałość witaminy C (sumy kwasu L-askorbinowego i dehydroskorbinowego) w owocach czterech odmian papryki czerwonej. Analizowano dwie odmiany słodkie (‘Aifos’, ‘Barbórka’) oraz dwie ostre (‘Cyklon’, ‘Cayenne’). Owoce przechowywano przez dwa tygodnie w warunkach chłodniczych jako owoce świeże, a także długoterminowo – w postaci mrożonej i liofilizowanej. Zawartość witaminy C oznaczono metodą spektrofluorymetryczną w reakcji z o-fenylenodiaminą (OPDA). Największe starty omawianego związku w owocach papryki przechowywanej w warunkach chłodniczych odnotowano w pierwszym tygodniu ich przechowywania. Wśród czterech badanych odmian największą zawartość witaminy C wykazano w ostrej papryce ‘Cayenne’ (470,9 mg/100 g św.m). Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że stabilność witaminy C podczas przechowywania i przetwarzania owoców papryki była zmienna wśród badanych odmian. Mrożenie było najkorzystniejszym sposobem utrwalania papryki, zarówno pod względem jakościowym, jak i ekonomicznym.
Effect of wholemeal oat flour storage on content of dietary fibre and rheological properties
Authors: Zarzycki Piotr , Sykut-Domańska Emilia , Sobota Aldona , Wirkijowska Anna
Published: October 2021

The objective of the research study was to determine the effect of wholemeal oat flour storage on changes in a content of total (TDF), soluble (SDF), and insoluble (IDF) dietary fibre and in rheological properties of wholemeal oat flour. The analysis included the flours milled from naked oat grain in a laboratory. Those oat flours were stored for 3 months at temperatures of 20 ºC, 4 ºC and -20 ºC. The apparent viscosity (initial, maximal, final, setback) was determined in 5 % (w/w) water-based suspensions. Regardless of the storage temperature, an increase was reported in the content of IDF as was a decrease in the content of SDF during the 3-month period of storing flour. The widest range of changes in the individual dietary fibre fractions was reported during storage at 20 ºC. The changes in the rheological properties depended on the time and temperature of oat flour storage. The largest changes were reported in the case of the setback value during storage at 20 ºC and 4 ºC. The smallest range of changes in all the rheological properties was found in the flours stored at -20 ºC. During the 3-month period of storing flour the range of changes in the rheological properties was inconsiderable and it did not depend on the contents of individual dietary fibre fractions, therefore it should not have any significant effect on the changes in the technological properties of flours. No unequivocal dependences were reported between the changes in the content of dietary fibre fractions and the rheological properties. During the entire 3-month storage period, the smallest changes occurred in the dietary fibre composition and rheological properties of oat flour during storage at the -20 ºC temperature.
Wpływ udziału zielonej herbaty Matcha na wybrane wyróżniki jakości bezglutenowych biszkoptowo-tłuszczowych wyrobów ciastkarskich
Authors: Żbikowska Anna , Szymańska Iwona , Marciniak-Łukasiak Katarzyna , Udarcić Żeljke , Kowalska Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

Celem pracy była ocena przydatności zielonej herbaty Matcha w proszku do produkcji bezglutenowych biszkoptowo-tłuszczowych muffinów. Dokonano analizy wybranych wyróżników jakości wyrobów (wymiarów geometrycznych, masy objętościowej, zawartości wody, parametrów barwy, tekstury oraz oceny sensorycznej) oraz ciasta surowego. Udział zielonej herbaty Matcha nie miał znaczącego wpływu (p > 0,05) na wymiary geometryczne, objętość i masę otrzymanych muffinów. Zastosowanie tego surowca przyczyniło się do zwiększenia napowietrzenia ciasta surowego i muffinów, czyli zmniejszenia ich masy objętościowej. Ilość zielonej herbaty na poziomie 2,5 i 5 % przyczyniła się do statystycznie istotnego wzrostu zawartości wody oraz do poprawy tekstury muffinów. Charakteryzowały się one mniejszą twardością, gumowatością i żujnością (odpowiednio o ok. 50, 40 i 30 %), a także większą sprężystością i spoistością (o ok. 20 %) w porównaniu z próbką kontrolną. Barwa ciasta surowego, powierzchni i miękiszu muffinów istotnie zależała od ilości zastosowanej zielonej herbaty Matcha w proszku. Wraz ze wzrostem zawartości tego składnika zmniejszała się wartość parametrów L*, a* i b* ciasta surowego i powierzchni muffinów. Barwa miękiszu różniła się jedynie parametrem b*, a jego wartość zwiększała się ze wzrostem udziału sproszkowanej herbaty. Różnice barwy (ΔE) pomiędzy muffinami z udziałem zielonej herbaty a próbą kontrolną były wyraźnie dostrzegalne wzrokiem. Muffiny z 2,5-procentową zawartością zielonej herbaty Matcha oceniono najwyżej pod względem właściwości teksturalnych i ogólnej pożądalności.
Food of Polish origin and its attributes in consumer opinion
Authors: Sajdakowska Marta , Żakowska-Biemans Sylwia , Gutkowska Krystyna
Published: October 2021

The survey research included two survey objectives: (1) to define the socio-demographic profile of consumers interested in food perceived as domestic; (2) to determine the consumers’ understanding of the concept 'food of Polish origin' and to indicate, which attributes, and to what extent, are attributed to this type of food. A Poland-wide pool of 1000 persons was surveyed in October 2013. The character of the survey research was quantitative; the survey was conducted with the use of a personal CAPI technique (Computer Assisted Personal Interviews). A frequency analysis was carried out; mean values and standard deviations were calculated. A χ2 statistic was applied to determine statistically significant differences among the variables. A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey’s post hoc test were adopted to compare whether or not the differences among the means were statistically significant. It was proved that the 'food of Polish origin' was mostly perceived as a food produced in Poland and from the Polish raw materials. The respondents who highlighted the place of production as a key criterion to indicate the Polish origin of food were over 61 years of age; they had higher education and declared to frequently travel abroad. The women surveyed more frequently appreciated the Polish origin of raw materials as did the oldest respondents and the persons with a higher level of education. The results obtained show that the consumers have confidence in the food they believed to be of the Polish origin and they positively assess it. Also, the results achieved provide some insights into communications targeted at elderly consumers, whose market share increases owing to the aging of the society.
Supporting Responsive Federal Drug Sentencing Through Education in the Workshop on Science-Informed Decision Making
Authors: Gertner Hon. Nancy , Edersheim Dr. Judith , Kinscherff Dr. Robert , Snyder Cassandra
Published: November 2021

On the federal level, judicial education in sentencing has been focused primarily on preparing judges to calculate and apply the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. But in an advisory guidelines context, making individualized assessments in drug cases requires education in the science of addictions, the drivers of behavior, and the prospects for behavior change when substances are involved. Neuroscience and the sciences of human behavior provide clarifying insight into substance-driven behaviors and cognitions that are routinely encountered in federal drug cases. These disciplines support individualized sentencing by shedding new light on the nature of inhibitory control, the reasonable expectations for relapse, and the distinctions that can be drawn based on science between different treatment interventions. In this Article, we report on the Workshop on Science-Informed Decision Making, an education initiative in the federal judiciary. Since 2016, it has provided education in neuroscience and behavioral science, as well as skills training in individualizing sentences using insights from that science, to U.S. district judges, magistrate judges, and pretrial services and probation officers in thirty-two federal districts. We describe the case-study-based instructional approach of the workshop, including some of the misconceptions about addiction behavior it addresses, and explain why we believe that this kind of education helps federal judges, and pretrial services and probation officers, craft more responsive sentencing decisions and recommendations.
Why Are Federal Meth Sentences Getting Longer?
Authors: Smith Jake J.
Published: November 2021

While sentence lengths for most federal drug trafficking offenses have decreased in recent years, methamphetamine sentences are moving in the opposite direction, lengthening by 12% between FY2015 and FY2019. Using data from the U.S. Sentencing Commission and other sources, I consider several possible reasons for this increase. I conclude that four recent trends have jointly produced longer meth sentences: (1) drug volumes have increased, (2) the criminal history of the average offender has become more extensive, (3) weapon enhancements and charges have become more common, and (4) cases have grown increasingly likely to be sentenced as high-purity “ice” or by “actual” meth content, which carry much more punitive mandatory and guideline minimums than meth mixture.

How much of the increase in sentence lengths has been attributable to shifting case characteristics (e.g., growing drug volumes, changing criminal histories, and increased weapons use) versus efforts to charge and pursue offenses that carry greater penalties? I use USSC data to conduct several simulations estimating how sentence lengths would have evolved if all meth cases were sentenced as the same meth type. I predict that the average meth trafficking sentence would have lengthened by 27–33% less, or 3.3–4.0 fewer months, if all cases were sentenced as the same meth type but all other case attributes remained unchanged. The remainder of the growth is attributable to case and offender characteristics. However, this prediction assumes that relief and leniency decisions would not change if statutory and guideline minimums were altered; to allow for this possibility, I run another set of simulations, taking these possible offsetting effects into account. My latter simulations predict that trafficking sentences might have increased 13–16% less than they did in reality, a smaller magnitude than my initial estimates.

I briefly consider the underlying reasons for these trends. Some, but not all, of the changing offense characteristics may be linked to the recent shift to Mexican methamphetamine production. The timing of the shift in meth type charged suggests it may largely be the result of a change in Justice Department charging policy enacted in 2017; this shift cannot be attributed to any change in drug purity.
English Teachers’ Conceptions of Formative Assessment in Online Teaching
Authors: Lisyowati Wanda , Wiyaka Wiyaka , Prastikawati Entika Fani
Published: November 2021

Formative assessment is one type of assessment that is commonly implemented in teaching and learning. However, to carry out a formative assessment, teachers need to adjust the conceptions of formative assessment in the online teaching and learning environment. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to determine the English teacher's conceptions of formative assessment in online teaching and learning. To gather the data, the writers used a closed-questionnaire and semi- structured interview. Furthermore, two English teachers participated as the sample of this study. These two English teachers were selected based on several predetermined conditions; teaching experience and educational background. The result of this study shows that both English teachers have a good conception of formative assessment in online teaching. They consider that the application of formative assessments in the online classroom is easy and does not need complicated requirements in its implementation. In addition, formative assessment can help English teachers monitor the progress of their students so that they can prepare better future lesson plans according to the conditions of their students in the online teaching and learning process.
THE IDEA OF KINDRED LOVE IN F. M. DOSTOEVSKY’S THE RAW YOUTH
Authors: Kiseleva Irina , Sakharchuk Elena
Published: October 2021

The article clarifies the genre content of the novel The Raw Youth as a novel of education, reveals the philosophical and pedagogical ideas of F. M. Dostoevsky regarding the principles and content of spiritual and moral upbringing in the Orthodox environment. The connection between the artistic presentation of the upbringing process in the novel and the author's ideas, which are essentially similar to the ideas of the Christian anthropology school in late 19th century pedagogy, is outlined. In contrast with and in overcoming the “accidental family,” which is extralegal in the spiritual and civil sense, Dostoevsky offers society the idea of kindred love, which is manifested in the “mind of the heart” (emotional intelligence), the unity of value and moral grounds, mutual respect and support and non-violent relations. Depicting the story of the “accidental family,” which was the result of God's indulgence of human infirmity and lack of reason, F. M. Dostoevsky allows the heroes and the reader to see the human relations ideal in the phenomenon of the family. The former correlates with the will of God and the essential world order. The novel is understood as a representation of a person’s spiritual path. The interpretation of the negative role of Versilov in the spiritual formation of Arkady Dolgoruky undergoes a critical examination. Positive changes in the soul of the Raw Youth are determined by the desire to know and the knowledge of the father’s spiritual make-up. The space of kindred love and family is revealed to be instrumental in the emergence of the collective personality of the Raw Youth and in the spiritual enrichment of all family members. The author concludes that the development of a young person is conditioned both by his own search for the ideal, which is typical for youth, and by the joint efforts of the family that moves towards its ideal through overcoming the separation, which is a source of suffering.
Anti-Aging Activities of Asparagus Gel Ethanol Extract in Cosmetic Gel Agent for Facial Skin
Authors:   Master Program of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan Indonesia, Ginting Henny Safrita , Fachrial Edy , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich , Amansyah Adek
Published: November 2021

Asparagus is a vegetable that contains phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties that scavenges aging-triggering free radicals. This study aimed to investigate the components and anti-aging potentials of Ethanol Extract form Asparagus (EEA). The study was performed in February 2020 at the Pharmacy Laboratory, University of North Sumatera. The EEA was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol. An antioxidant assay was performed and the total phenol and flavodoid content were determined using the spectroscopic method. Three gel formulas with different concentrations of EEA was prepared (F1: 1.5%, F2: 2.5%, and F3: 3.5%), and F0 was used as control. The parameters evaluated were moisture, oil content, texture, collagen, wrinkle, pigment, sensitivity, and pore. The result showed that asparagus had a moderate antioxidant activity (IC50: 118,992) with the total phenol and flavonoid contents of 15,9407 mg GAE/g and 3,2286 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The highest aging activities was seen in F3 (3.5%), followed by F2 (2.5%) and F1 (1.5%). The percentage of moisture, oil, texture, collagen, wrinkle, spot, sensitivity, and pore recovery were found to be 40.15%, 49.73%, 71.76%, 17.70%, 70.93%, 49.34%, 42.56% and 25.31%, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that the EEA Gel at the highest concentration (3.5%) has a high content of phenol and flavonoid which can improve the skin moisture, oil content, texture, collagen, wrinkles, spots, sensitivity, and pores, which promotes anti-aging activities.
The Impact of Tax and Expenditures Policies on Income Distribution: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Suhrab , Padda Ihtisham Ul haq
Published: November 2021

Tax and social expenditure policies have a crucial role in income distribution. This study explores the potential role of taxation and social expenditure policies in income redistribution in South Asia. For this purpose, empirical analysis is conducted by Fixed Effect (FE) and Instrumental Variable (IV) FE models. The analysis suggests that both taxation and social expenditures policies effectively reduce income inequality in South Asia. These findings indicate that social spending and taxation can be used as a policy tool to redistribute income in developing countries. The results also indicate that higher social spending, increased direct taxes, and more reliance on foreign debts can ameliorate the income distribution. Based on the results, it can be suggested that for this region, with the low level of taxes, direct taxes, a large informal economy, and other weak features of tax administration, more reliance on direct taxes and social expenditure policies should be the primary tool for income redistribution.JEL Classification: H2, H5, I3How to Cite:Khan, S., & Padda, I. U. H. (2021). The Impact of Tax and Social Expenditure Policies on Income Distribution: Evidence from South Asia. Etikonomi, 20(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i2.18121.
ПЛАТФОРМНА ЕКОНОМІКА ЯК ЧИННИК МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Khlivniuk Tetiana P.
Published: October 2021

Метою дослідження є: вивчення впливу платформної економіки на інститут соціальної держави; з’ясування потенційних механізмів мінімізації ризиків для функціонування соціальної держави в умовах новітніх бізнес-трендів. Методологією дослідження є неоінституційний підхід. Наукова новизна статті полягає у започаткуванні досліджень політичною наукою на перетині двох дослідницьких напрямків: 1) кризи інституту соціальної держави; 2) переваг і загроз платформної економіки. Основний акцент зроблено на з’ясуванні змін в архітектурі інституту соціальної держави під впливом чинника платформної економіки. Теоретичне значення дослідження полягає у започаткуванні вивчення з позицій політичної науки шляхів міжінституційної взаємодії соціальної держави та платформної економіки. Практичне значення дослідження вбачається у тому, що Україна нині є на старті розбудови національної моделі соціальної держави й в цьому процесі має враховувати фактор стрімкого розвитку платформної економіки. Авторка доводить, що бізнес-інновації (платформна економіка) за належного сприяння державних інституцій можуть сприяти соціальним інноваціям: «Індустрія 4.0» реформує соціальну державу в стані стагнації в напрямку побудови «соціальної держави 4.0» (Welfare 4.0), коли держава буде використовувати переваги платформної економіки. Авторкою висловлена гіпотеза, що платформна економіка наділена потенціалом виступити не чинником руйнації інституту соціальної держави, а чинником її модернізації задля ефективного функціонування в умовах глобалізаційних, технологічних та інших викликів. Привернено увагу до важливості подальших досліджень того, як бізнес-інновації можуть підтримуватися державними інститутами задля збереження інституту соціальної держави в його модернізованій моделі. Акцентовано на потребі вивчення нормативно-правового аспекту проблеми: як держава може унормувати діяльність бізнес-платформ, щоб вони сприяли інституту соціальної держави, а не ослаблювали його. Стаття має теоретичний характер.
ЕТАПИ ФОРМУВАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ КОНЦЕПТОСФЕРИ ПОЛІТИКИ ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО ЗНАНЬ ПРО КОНЦЕПТОСФЕРУ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ НАУКИ
Authors: Yakovlyev Maksym Volodymyrovych
Published: October 2021

У статті виокремлені основні етапи становлення концептосфери політики як складової концептуальної картини світу українців в різні історичні періоди. Методологічною базою для розгляду основного теоретичного матеріалу слугував підхід, згідно з яким концептуальна картина світу (ККС) складається з концептосфер як способу організації концептів, а мовна картина світу містить у собі різні ККС. Основними запропонованими етапами розвитку концептосфери політики ідентифіковані періоди перебування українців під пануванням Австро-Угорської та Російської імперії і цей період відзначається як особливо цікавим для компаративних студій; нетривалий період української державності на початку ХХ ст. і формування радянсько-імперського дискурсу, в якому на особливу увагу заслуговує поновлення колоніального панування російського дискурсу над українським; українська діаспорська мовна картина світу, яка лишається все ще недостатньо дослідженою і яка може бути порівнена з формуванням українськими дисидентами дискурсу, альтернативного до панівного радянського; встановлено, що (пост)радянська спадщина все ще впливає на сучасну українську ККС, а відтак і на концептосферу політики в Україні, на якій також відображається тиск російської пропаганди і сучасна російська неоімперська ідеологія, що намагається зберегти тяглість з радянським минулим і при цьому є засадничо антиукраїнською. У статті встановлено, що перспективними для подальших досліджень виглядають розвідки, в яких на основі міждисциплінарного політико-лінгвістичного підходу можна буде виокремити конкретні констеляції політичних концептів, з яких складається концептосфера сучасної української політичної науки.
Reasons for switching immunomodulatory therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors:   Poradnia Neurologiczna, Klinika Neurologii z Pododdziałem Leczenia Udaru Mózgu, Kliniczny Szpital Wojewódzki nr 2 im. św. Jadwigi Królowej, Rzeszów, Polska, Popiel Małgorzata ,   Wydział Medyczny, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszów, Polska, Bartosik-Psujek Halina ,   Klinika Neurologii z Pododdziałem Leczenia Udaru Mózgu, Kliniczny Szpital Wojewódzki nr 2 im. św. Jadwigi Królowej, Rzeszów, Polska; Wydział Medyczny, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszów, Polska
Published: November 2021

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess switching disease-modifying therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods: This observational single-centre study involved a retrospective evaluation of data of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis receiving disease-modifying therapy under drug programmes reimbursed by the National Health Fund. Demographic data, the level of disability, disease activity and treatment methods were analysed with a particular emphasis on the reasons for switching the therapy. Results: Data were collected from patients with a mean age of 39.6 years, with women accounting for 68%. Therapy was switched in 32% (n = 118) of patients. In this group, 72% (n = 85) of patients modified their first-line treatment, and 28% (n = 33) required switching to a second-line drug. Treatment failure (52.5%, n = 62), followed by treatment intolerance (47.5%, n = 56) were the main reasons for switching. Patients on first line-treatment mostly required switching from interferon beta-1a, which was usually replaced with dimethyl fumarate and glatiramer acetate. The most common adverse events included skin reactions and needle fatigue, which were the most common reasons for switching treatment due to intolerance. Conclusions: The currently used immunomodulatory treatment is relatively well tolerated, and its failure is a more frequent reason for therapy switching. This indicates the need for diseasemodifying treatments that are highly effective, safe and well tolerated.
Ischaemic stroke caused by spontaneous unilateral carotid artery dissection in patient with connective tissue disorder
Authors:   Student Scientific Group at the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland, Pużyńska Weronika , Mirończuk Anna ,   Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland, Kapica-Topczewska Katarzyna ,   Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland, Łukasiewicz Adam ,   Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland, Czarnowska Agata ,   Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland, Kochanowicz Jan ,   Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland, Kułakowska Alina ,   Student Scientific Group at the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
Published: November 2021

Background: Spontaneous cervical artery dissection is a major cause of ischaemic stroke in young patients. It is supposed that genetic variants associated with connective tissue disorders often lead to neurovascular complications, the management of which remains a challenge. Case presentation: A 30-year-old female was admitted to the Department of Neurology with an episode of visual disturbances, speech problems, and concomitant headache. Computed tomography angiography revealed left internal carotid artery dissection. Magnetic resonance of the brain showed cortical and subcortical acute ischaemic lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere. The patient was diagnosed with vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome based on the clinical course of the disease. Conservative treatment was administered with full neurological recovery. Conclusion: It is very important for clinicians to consider the coexistence of genetically determined connective tissue disorders in young patients who develop arterial dissections.
The relationship between leisure satisfaction, physical activity level and healthy life-style behaviors of sport science students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Özkan Ali , Yaşartürk Fatih , Elçi Gürkan
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between leisure satisfaction, physical activity levels and healthy life-style behaviors of sport science students during the COVID-19 pandemic in distance education.

Material and Methods. In total, 218 sport science students participated in this study voluntarily. The short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered for the determination of physical activity level of distance education students. Their physical activity levels were categorized as inactive, minimally active, and physically active by using Metabolic Equivalent Term method. Health-promoting Life-style Profile Questionnaire was used with self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support, and stress management subscales. The leisure satisfaction scale was administered for the determination of leisure satisfaction.

Results. Results of Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analyses indicated that there were positive significant correlations between “HLSB” and three sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” (MIA, VIA and Total). It was found positive correlation between “HLSB” and all sub-dimensions of “LSS” (Psychological, Educational, Social, Relaxation, Physiological and Aesthetical). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between four sub-dimensions of “LSS” (Social, Relaxation, Physiological and Aesthetical) and one sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” (W). It was observed that one sub-dimensions of “LSS” which is “Aesthetical”, and a positive correlation between all sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” was found.

Conclusions. The findings of the present study indicated that healthy life-style behaviors were indicators of LSS and IPAQ and also aesthetical was found between IPAQ of sport science students.
Participation tactics of elite freestyle wrestlers in competition system in 2013-2016 Olympic cycle
Authors: Zadorozhna Olha R. , Briskin Yuriy A. , Pityn Maryan P. , Bohuslavska Viktoriia Yu. , Hlukhov Ivan G.
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. Tactics is one of the basic terms underlying the management of competitive activities of athletes. In freestyle wrestling, the participation tactics of athletes in the competition system is covered fragmentally and needs proper justification. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the participation tactics of elite athletes in the competition system in freestyle wrestling during 2013-2016 Olympic cycle.
Materials and Methods. This study analyzes the dynamics of performances and results of 24 elite freestyle wrestlers who won gold, silver and bronze medals at the Games of XXXI Olympiad 2016 in Rio de Janeiro in different weight categories (four athletes in each of six weight categories). To do this, we used athletes’ individual profiles on the United World Wrestling. Used an expert assessment devoted to the issues of tactics and tactical training. The experts (n = 8) were well educated (3 among them held Ph.D. diplomas) and experienced – 2 coaches of Ukrainian national team, and 1 athlete–national team’s member. On average, experts had almost 10 years of experience in training wrestlers of different ages. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel software.
Results. The volume of competition practice of elite athletes during 2013-2016 changed in each season. In the 2013 season, the average group number of competitions in which athletes participated was 3.84 ± 2.06, in 2014 – 3.50 ± 1.79. In the 2015 season, those indicators were the highest – 4.17 ± 1.87, but in 2016 they decreased to 3.71 ± 1.52. The participation tactics in the competition system in freestyle wrestling during the season and the four-year cycle differed depending on the dynamics of sports results. Four types of tactics used by the elite athletes in freestyle wrestling in 2013-2016 were identified: leadership holding, gradual improving of results, combined, leadership returning. It was found that during 2013-2016, most athletes (58.33-79.17%) used a variety of tactics that involved performances in one Olympic weight category. In 2014 and 2015, some athletes (20.83 and 25.00%, respectively) used different options in other weight categories, choosing one of them as a priority and one or two – as additional.
Conclusions. There are four types of participation tactics in the competition system in freestyle wrestling. In 2013-2016 Olympic cycle they included leadership holding, gradual increase of results, combined, leadership return. The main differences between types of tactics are the volume of competition practice, the dynamics of results, the choice of weight category. The most relevant was the type of tactics with performances exclusively in the Olympic weight category during four seasons.
Women's 50km racewalking tactic using pace strategy analysis at World Championships
Authors: Megahed Mohamed , Ali Rasha , Tarek Zahraa
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. We aim to design a walking tactic depending on pace strategy analysis for women's 50km racewalking at two IAAF championships: World Racewalking Team Championships Taicang2018 and World Athletics Championships Doha2019.Material and Methods. We collected data from the records of the women's 50km racewalking results from both mentioned championships in which the times of 10 stages of 5km each. The research sample included 30 racewalkers (top 15 from each championship) aged 21 to 41. Results. Results indicate that elite racewalkers followed a variable pace strategy. As they started a 50km racewalking with a slow and appropriate speed. Then there was a gradual increase in the next stages until reaching the speed plateau (25km). After that, the speed was changed between increasing and decreasing until the end of the race. The results also indicate that there is a strong positive correlation between the performance time of all the stages in both championships. In addition, it is indicated that there are statistically significant differences using the T-test between all stages between both championships, except for the stage (10th 5km). So last 5km have no major impact on changes for the final classification. Conclusions. We divided the race into seven successive tactical phases depending on the speed and the effort rate during the race stages. These phases are slow start, primary acceleration and speed regulation, the maximum speed, transitional, final acceleration, deceleration, and finish. Our analysis can extend theoretical knowledge, so coaches and racewalkers can make use of it in designing the training programs.
Mechanisms of YAP/TAZ transcriptional control
Authors: Battilana Giusy , Zanconato Francesca , Piccolo Stefano
Published: November 2021

Dysregulated gene expression is intrinsic to cell transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Cancer-specific gene-expression profiles stem from gene regulatory networks fueled by genetic and epigenetic defects, and by abnormal signals of the tumor microenvironment. These oncogenic signals ultimately engage the transcriptional machinery on the cis -regulatory elements of a host of effector genes, through recruitment of transcription factors (TFs), co-activators and chromatin regulators. That said, whether gene -expression in cancer cells is the chaotic product of myriad regulations or rather a relatively ordered process orchestrated by few TFs (master regulators) has long remained enigmatic. Recent work on the YAP/TAZ co-activators has been instrumental to break new ground into this outstanding issue, revealing that tumor cells hijack growth programs that are active during development and regeneration through engagement of a small set of interconnected TFs and their nuclear partners.
IMÁGENES PSÍQUICAS QUE EMERGEN POR MEDIO DE LA TÉCNICA DE IMAGINACIÓN ACTIVA EN INTEGRANTES DEL SEMILLERO DE PSICOLOGÍA RELACIONAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA LUIS AMIGÓ EN LA CIUDAD DE MEDELLÍN DURANTE LA ÉPOCA DE CONFINAMIENTO DE LA PANDEMIA DEL COVID-19
Authors: Marulanda Valencia Andrés Tadeo , Molina Velázquez David Ignacio
Published: November 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal describir cuáles fueron las imágenes psíquicas que emergieron en el inconsciente colectivo por medio de la técnica de imaginación activa de Carl Jung y la psicología analítica en seis integrantes del semillero de psicología relacional de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó en la ciudad de Medellín, durante la etapa de confinamiento de la pandemia del COVID-19 antes de que finalizara la cuarentena el 30 de agosto de 2020. El proyecto realizado es de enfoque cualitativo, investigación de tipo documental de la técnica y un taller de imaginación activa a partir de la plataforma Zoom; de los datos recolectados se está realizando un análisis de las imágenes desde las expresiones arquetipales de la teoria junguiana y el muestreo realizado se hace por conveniencia. En este momento, el proceso investigativo se encuentra en análisis de los datos recolectados que emergieron y en los resultados preliminares se hallaron que están relacionadas con la incertidumbre que ha producido la pandemia en imagenes de encierro, de inestabilidad y las emociones asociadas de rabia, miedo e inseguridad.
Whose Voices? Whose Knowledge?
Authors: Ikuno,  生野　里花 Rika , Miyake, 三宅　博子 Hiroko , Zambonini Juan Pedro , Eslava-Mejia Juanita , Moonga Nsamu , Silveira Tanya Marie , Low, 刘明元 Ming Yuan , Ghetti Claire , Hadley Susan J
Published: November 2021

Members of the Voices editorial team grapple with ....
Estimation in the zero-inflated bivariate Poisson model, with an application to health-care utilization data
Authors: Kouakou Konan Jean Geoffroy , Hili Ouagninia , Dupuy Jean-Etienne Ouindllassida
Published: October 2021

Data on the demand for medical care is usually measured by a number of different counts. These count data are most often correlated and subject to high proportions of zeros. However, excess zeros and the dependence between these data can jointly affect several utilization measures.In this paper, the zero-inflated bivariate Poisson regression model (ZIBP) was used to analyze health-care utilization data. First, the asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of this model were investigated theoretically. Then, a simulation study is conducted to evaluate the behaviour of the estimator in finite samples. Finally, an application of the ZIBP model to health care demand data is provided by way of illustration.
Urbanização e os Problemas Relacionados com o Saneamento Básico e Meio Ambiente nas Cidades
Authors: Oliveira Alecir José Carvalho de
Published: October 2021

O processo de urbanização juntamente com a industrialização, trouxeram muitas transformações e benefícios para a sociedade contemporânea. Porém, como consequências deste avanço tecnológico, as cidades passaram a enfrentar grandes problemas com o crescimento descontrolado da população. O principal problema é o saneamento básico, que tem por finalidade prevenir doenças e promover a saúde, melhorar a qualidade de vida da população. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar alguns problemas relacionados ao saneamento e o reflexo de sua falta ao meio ambiente. Sem planejamento e política públicas a situação perde o controle, e o que beneficiaria a dignidade humana torna-se implicações nefastas nas cidades e na saúde das pessoas, principalmente os mais vulneráveis, que vivem em locais precários, sem infraestrutura de saneamento básico. A degradação ambiental é um dos impactos mais visíveis que a falta do saneamento básico pode proporcionar, esgotos lançados na natureza, poluindo reservatórios de abastecimento. Para as cidades isso pode acarretar em surtos de doenças. Onde 35 milhões de pessoas não tem acesso a água potável e são negligenciadas deste direito que seria para todos. Com o novo marco do saneamento e os investimentos do governo federal, novas perspectivas e esperanças de melhorias, aliada a conscientização de preservar o meio ambiente e não desperdiçar água.
Conflitos e conciliações entre o direito ao meio ambiente e o direito à moradia
Authors: Andrade Júlia Luna , Gallo Douglas
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho aborda a relação entre o direito à moradia digna e de qualidade e o direito ao meio ambiente preservado e equilibrado no contexto das cidades contemporâneas. Para isso serão abordadas questões ambientais e habitacionais, através de dados históricos, análise de leis, conceitos e características do desenvolvimento urbano dentro das cidades. Posteriormente, a partir da análise dos diversos agentes envolvidos nos processos e sob diferentes óticas, é feita uma reflexão sobre a relação ser “humano x natureza” e sua manutenção dentro do espaço urbano, em que se busca um modelo de desenvolvimento urbano pautado no pleno atendimento dos direitos humanos para todas as parcelas da população.
Cidades saudáveis, relação do modal cicloviário
Authors: Arosti Letícia Ruiz , Arruda Glória Lucía Rodríguez Correia de
Published: October 2021

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Acesso ao Solo Urbano e Segregação no Conjunto dos Sapateiros, na cidade de Patos, Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Pinho Vanessa Cybelle Meneses , Castro Alexandre Augusto Bezerra da Cunha , Bezerra Mariana Andrade
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho aborda o tema das dinâmicas socioespaciais presentes no espaço intraurbano, tendo como objeto teórico de estudo a relação entre acesso ao solo urbano e segregação. O estudo de caso foi o Conjunto dos Sapateiros, na cidade de Patos, Paraíba, Brasil. O estudo visa verificar a qualidade da inserção deste conjunto no contexto urbano e se há equidade no acesso ao solo da cidade, a partir da medição do grau de acesso às oportunidades urbanas. Foi utilizado o método da Sintaxe do Espaço, tendo sido calculadas as medidas Conectividade, Integração, Profundidade Média e Step Depth, para avaliar o potencial de acessibilidade entre o conjunto e outros espaços da cidade. Também foi feito o mapeamento dos usos do solo no entorno do conjunto e os principais polos geradores de viagem da cidade, a partir do software Google Earth, cruzando estes dados de uso do solo com a acessibilidade espacial da malha viária. Os resultados indicaram que o Conjunto dos Sapateiros é espacialmente segregado em relação às demais vias da cidade, pois possui baixo potencial de acessibilidade, em todas as medidas sintáticas calculadas, aos principais equipamentos urbanos de seu entorno e da cidade. A maioria dos principais usos mapeados estão a mais de 3 mudanças de direção do conjunto, o que demonstra a inequidade de usufruto das oportunidades urbanas, como emprego, lazer e serviços públicos.
A sustentabilidade dos sistemas de transporte público sob a ótica da forma urbana
Authors: Paes Carina Folena Cardoso , Araújo-Lima Cristina , Santos Vitória Alves dos
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar um método de análise urbana capaz de avançar sobre temas estruturais da gestão territorial, com um enfoque específico na mobilidade sustentável. O objeto para sua aplicação é o corredor de transporte público da Avenida Anhanguera, o principal eixo de mobilidade de Goiânia (GO), delimitando-se a análise em suas ramificações periféricas. Pautando-se em referenciais teóricos atualizados e em índices postulados no sistema de Certificação do Urbanismo Ecossistêmico e também na Constante de Marchetti, foi possível desenvolver uma proposta de análise que relaciona a configuração das centralidades urbanas com as dinâmicas de deslocamento. A aplicação do método no contexto urbano do Terminal Padre Pelágio, como também na caracterização de suas ramificações periféricas permitiu analisar a composição dos meios urbanos dos terminais quanto a configurarem centralidades e também quanto à adequação de seu posicionamento no atendimento das linhas alimentadoras na perspectiva do deslocamento eficaz e da qualidade de vida da população. Os resultados alcançados permitem perceber que a configuração urbana do Terminal Padre Pelágio não se caracteriza como uma centralidade efetiva no atendimento às demandas cotidianas da população e, ainda, antecipar melhorias que otimizariam os deslocamentos nas linhas alimentadoras. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, mas que se apresenta promissor quanto ao auxílio na tomada de decisão visando à melhoria do desempenho do sistema de mobilidade de modo associado ao planejamento territorial e ao desenho urbano.
Análise da formação e desenvolvimento da feição erosiva linear urbana, em Bauru/SP
Authors: Mariano Guilherme , Battistelle Rosane Aparecida Gomes , Furegatti Simone Andrea
Published: October 2021

Os processos erosivos resultam de uma combinação de fatores que normalmente são naturais, mas devido a ação antrópica é agravado e acelerado. Através dessa interferência humana, impermeabilizando e enfraquecendo o solo, a erosão pluvial se torna a mais evidente, provocando grande quantidade de sedimento e aumentando a velocidade do escoamento superficial (CORGHI, 2008). Isso provoca enchentes, assoreamento de cursos d’água, surgimento de feições erosivas. O presente trabalho visou identificar os fatores de influência na formação e desenvolvimento de uma feição localizada em Bauru. Os dados foram preenchidos com base na Ficha de levantamento de fatores condicionantes e identificação de feições erosivas, elaborada por Mercaldi e Furegatti (2020). A classificação da erosão foi dada com base em uma tabela desenvolvida por Mercaldi e Furegatti (2019), que identificou ser uma voçoroca.