bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Demotion of the Literary Cowherd
Authors: Bowie Ewen
Published: March 2020

Longus promotes an αἰπόλος (‘goatherd’) to bear the privileged name Daphnis, transferring his canonical role of βουκόλος (‘cowherd’) to other herdsmen—easily done, since all play the syrinx. But Longus’ Daphnis does not inherit the Theocritean αἰπόλος’ gift of mellifluous song: whereas Chloe does sing sola, Longus’ males, including Daphnis, do not, except the cowherd in the μῦθος of I.27 and Philetas at II.3.2—instead they tell μῦθοι. Perhaps Longus envisages his own, often poetic, prose achieving what song had achieved for Polyphemus, and eliminates male solo song as part of his programme of refashioning Sappho and Theocritus in prose. Of the three characters to whom (from a Daphnis) the status βουκόλος is transferred Dorcon twice saves Daphnis, but his understanding of eros does not advance the couple’s; Philetas’ does, and his wise interventions are important; Lampis’ impact, however, like Dorcon’s, is ephemeral, his person unpleasant. Despite Philetas’ positive role, Dorcon’s and Lampis’ actions hint that Theocritus was wrong to lavish so much sympathy on βουκόλοι, who in Longus can be boisterous and self-assertive, and that a society in which cowherds had free rein would be rougher than one in which standards of behaviour were set by goatherds and shepherds.
Un bouvier au double visage : la figure équivoque de Dorcon dans le premier livre des Pastorales de Longus
Authors: Bastick Jérôme
Published: March 2020

Dans le sillage d’une communication donnée à l’occasion d’une journée d’étude sur le bouvier dans la poésie hellénistique et le roman grec, cet article dresse le portrait d’un personnage en particulier, Dorcon, qui remplit cette fonction dans les Pastorales de Longus. C’est le rôle ambigu de ce bouvier par rapport aux bergers Daphnis et Chloé qui est interrogé, puisqu’il est à la fois une menace et une protection, tour à tour bienveillant et malveillant, à tel point que le lecteur ne sait plus, du méchant loup ou du bon pasteur, quel est le vrai visage de cet être bucolique par excellence.
Aspects singuliers de la politique alimentaire de la Belgique en temps de guerre et de sortie de guerre (1914-1921 et 1939-1948)
Authors: Bernardo y Garcia Luis Angel
Published: March 2020

Entre 1914 et 1948, la Belgique connaît près de seize années de privations et de disette. Cinq crises alimentaires sont marquées par la chute brutale, voire la quasi-disparition, de ses approvisionnements extérieurs vitaux. Au cours des deux occupations, la population échappe à la famine en dépit du blocus britannique et des prédations allemandes. Lors des deux sorties de guerre, la Belgique parvient à relancer rapidement sa production industrielle et ses exportations. Ces « miracles » ne peuvent être compris qu’en analysant ces crises alimentaires dont la puissance publique, les élites dirigeantes, le monde agricole et le mouvement ouvrier ont su tirer les enseignements. La constitution de stocks de sécurité « privés » au cours de la drôle de guerre (1939-1940), le ravitaillement de la Belgique occupée (1940-1944) depuis les pays européens neutres se trouvant à l’intérieur du blocus allié ou encore la « politique d’abondance » de l’offre de produits alimentaires après-guerre (1945-1948) en constituent de parfaites illustrations.
Les interdits religieux dans les rations militaires
Authors: Moriniaux Vincent
Published: March 2020

En France, où la conception de la laïcité est assez rigide, la question de l’alimentation des soldats musulmans et juifs pratiquants est essentielle mais objet de polémiques. Cette recherche, fondée sur les documents officiels accessibles et sur des entretiens avec les acteurs, tente de comprendre comment se mêlent les évolutions concomitantes de la place des musulmans dans l’armée depuis la Première Guerre mondiale, des techniques de ravitaillement et, enfin, de la pratique et de la perception de la religion musulmane pour aboutir au surgissement en 2010 des premières rations halal, bien après les premières rations casher. Afin de mieux percevoir ce qui se joue dans l’armée française, est enfin menée une courte comparaison avec l’armée des États-Unis d’Amérique.
Les documents réglementaires organisant la répartition alimentaire dans les camps de prisonniers de guerre en Union soviétique
Authors: Moullec Gaël-Georges
Published: March 2020

Plus de quatre millions d’officiers et de soldats étrangers (Allemands, Japonais, Hongrois, Roumains, Italiens, Polonais…) ont été faits prisonniers par les Soviétiques en 1939-1945. L’écriture de l’histoire de ces prisonniers de guerre détenus en Union soviétique au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale repose sur d’importantes recherches mais elles ne commencèrent toutefois, en Russie, qu’à partir de la seconde moitié des années 1990. Cette histoire demeure l’objet d’importants débats politiques en Russie et en Allemagne. L’attention que porte le pouvoir soviétique à l’alimentation de ces prisonniers dépend de divers paramètres : situation militaire ; nombre total de prisonniers et rythme de leur afflux ; situation alimentaire dans l’ensemble du pays ; nécessité de veiller à la relative bonne santé d’une main-d’œuvre indispensable à la reconstruction du pays.
Alimenter les mineurs en temps de guerre ?
Authors: Péters Arnaud
Published: March 2020

Durant l’occupation allemande, les charbonnages échappent à l’anéantissement organisé qui touche la plupart des usines du bassin liégeois. Au nom des besoins en charbon, les houillères conservent en effet une part significative de leur production et de leur population ouvrière. Cette contribution entend appréhender les enjeux liés à l’alimentation des ouvriers dans un contexte de pénurie. Parmi les réponses apportées à l’affaiblissement dramatique des mineurs, le développement de « secours extraordinaires de guerre » doit être souligné. Sur les carreaux de mine, des distributions de pain et de soupe s’organisent. Elles se révèlent objets de négociations permanentes entre mineurs, patrons et occupants. Le caractère saccadé de la production de charbon s’explique notamment par les « grèves alimentaires » et illustre la cristallisation des tensions autour de la question alimentaire.
Machines théâtrales et hommes-machine sur les planches de l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Trinchero Cristina
Published: March 2020

Pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, le théâtre offre une panoplie de représentations d’un monde envahi par la machine, selon des perspectives différentes : exaltation du progrès mécanique, culte des techniques, métamorphose des individus en robots. Entre la foi dans la technologie et la crainte de la disparition de l’élément humain dans une société vouée à la mondialisation et à l’automation, on traduit cet état d’âme controversé par des mots, des gestes, des costumes, des jeux de lumière, en exploitant les ressources de la scénotechnique récente. Nous entendons examiner ici deux cas apparemment opposés – pourtant complémentaires – de production théâtrale de la fin des années 1920 : les discours sur l’homme-machine et sur le rapport homme-machine du théâtre futuriste, notamment la production bariolée de Enrico Prampolini à Paris, où tout paraît machine enthousiaste, et le théâtre de l’existence de Jean-Victor Pellerin, où la machine matérialise des âmes perdues et des esprits enchâssés dans une routine qui les annihile.
« Sur mesure, les 7 unités du monde », exposition au musée des Arts et Métiers
Authors: Jacomy Bruno
Published: March 2020

À l’occasion de la redéfinition, en novembre 2018, de quatre des sept unités de base du système international d’unités, le musée des Arts et Métiers présente une exposition sur le thème de la mesure. C’est l’opportunité, pour le musée, de sortir de ses réserves des instruments remarquables et peu connus du grand public, ainsi qu’un ensemble exceptionnel de mesures de capacité. Au long d’un parcours thématique, l’exposition déroule les différents aspects de la mesure, de celle de l’Homme à celle de la société, en mettant en avant les enjeux scientifiques, techniques, sociaux et économiques de la mesure, et ce depuis la mise en place du système métrique décimal sous la Révolution française.
Analytical Method to Improve the Security of Internet of Things with Limited Resources
Authors: Hannan Khan Abdul , Yamin Siddiqui Shahan , Sohail Irshad Muhammad , Ali Saif , Rehan Saleem Muhammad , Iqbal Shahid
Published: March 2020

This research is about the information security of very obliged gadgets. Design Science Research (DSR) Method is utilized for this reason. It let us pick up the fundamental thought and exploration of the primary issue space. This is a procedure of combining distinctive pre-affirmed examines to pick up the goal. Symmetric cryptography will be utilized as a noteworthy device in various information items and entryway gadgets. The principle target of this exploration is to give security to exceptionally constrained gadgets as they are not ready to convey utilizing TLS or DTLS given a deficiency of assets. This arrangement is a finished bundle to give credibility, information honesty and privacy, either information is making a trip to entryway, gadgets or the web. At the information interface layer, AES symmetric encryption is utilized and information questions likewise are encoded utilizing a similar encryption strategy. Assessment is performed using wire shark.
Development and Assessment of a Continuing Education Unit in Quantitative Literacy for High School STEM Teachers
Authors: McClure Craig P.
Published: March 2020

Influencing the teaching of quantitative literacy at all levels of education can be difficult due to the many demands placed on educators. In a continuing education course, public high school science teachers participated in a pilot study of a program on quantitative literacy, involving defining quantitative literacy, how it is beneficial to students, examples of quantitative literacy education, and how it may be supported in the science classroom. Surveys administered before and after the unit indicate an improvement in the teachers’ understanding of quantitative literacy, and a follow-up survey indicates that the unit impacted classroom practice. Results support the conclusion that this program for secondary educators in science fields has a positive effect on their willingness and ability to teach quantitative literacy and may be an effective approach to supporting numeracy education at the secondary level.
Street-scale air quality modelling for Beijing during a winter 2016 measurement campaign
Authors: Biggart Michael , Stocker Jenny , Doherty Ruth M. , Wild Oliver , Hollaway Michael , Carruthers David , Li Jie , Zhang Qiang , Wu Ruili , Kotthaus Simone , Grimmond Sue , Squires Freya A. , Lee James , Shi Zongbo
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We examine the street-scale variation of NOx, NO2,
O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing during the Atmospheric
Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-China) winter
measurement campaign in November–December 2016. Simulations are performed
using the urban air pollution dispersion and chemistry model ADMS-Urban and
an explicit network of road source emissions. Two versions of the gridded
Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC v1.3) are used: the
standard MEIC v1.3 emissions and an optimised version, both at 3 km
resolution. We construct a new traffic emissions inventory by apportioning
the transport sector onto a detailed spatial road map. Agreement between
mean simulated and measured pollutant concentrations from Beijing's air
quality monitoring network and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP)
field site is improved when using the optimised emissions inventory. The
inclusion of fast NOx–O3 chemistry and explicit traffic emissions
enables the sharp concentration gradients adjacent to major roads to be
resolved with the model. However, NO2 concentrations are overestimated
close to roads, likely due to the assumption of uniform traffic activity
across the study domain. Differences between measured and simulated diurnal
NO2 cycles suggest that an additional evening NOx emission source,
likely related to heavy-duty diesel trucks, is not fully accounted for in
the emissions inventory. Overestimates in simulated early evening NO2
are reduced by delaying the formation of stable boundary layer conditions in
the model to replicate Beijing's urban heat island. The simulated campaign
period mean PM2.5 concentration range across the monitoring network
(∼15 µg m−3) is much lower than the measured range
(∼40 µg m−3). This is likely a consequence of
insufficient PM2.5 emissions and spatial variability, neglect of
explicit point sources, and assumption of a homogeneous background
PM2.5 level. Sensitivity studies highlight that the use of explicit
road source emissions, modified diurnal emission profiles, and inclusion of
urban heat island effects permit closer agreement between simulated and
measured NO2 concentrations. This work lays the foundations for future
studies of human exposure to ambient air pollution across complex urban
areas, with the APHH-China campaign measurements providing a valuable means
of evaluating the impact of key processes on street-scale air quality.
Molecular Insights into New Particle Formation in Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Brean James , Beddows David C. S. , Shi Zongbo , Temime-Roussel Brice , Marchand Nicolas , Querol Xavier , Alastuey Andrés , Minguillon María Cruz , Harrison Roy M.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols contribute some of the greatest uncertainties to estimates of global radiative forcing, and have significant effects on human health. New particle formation (NPF) is the process by which new aerosols of sub-2 nm diameter form from gas-phase precursors and contributes significantly to particle numbers in the atmosphere, accounting for approximately 50 % of cloud condensation nuclei globally. Here, we study summertime NPF in urban Barcelona in NE Spain. The rate of formation of new particles is seen to increase linearly with sulphuric acid concentration in a manner similar to systems studied in chamber studies involving sulphuric acid, water and dimethylamine (DMA), as well as sulphuric acid, water and the oxidation products of pinanediol. The sulphuric acid dimer : monomer ratio is significantly lower than that seen in experiments involving sulphuric acid and DMA in chambers, indicating that stabilization of sulphuric acid clusters by bases is weaker in this dataset than in chambers, and thus another mechanism, likely involving the plentiful highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) is plausible. The high concentrations of HOMs arise largely from both alkylbenzene and monoterpene oxidation, with the former providing greater concentrations of HOMs due to significant local sources. The concentration of these HOMs shows a dependence on both temperature and precursor VOC concentration. New particle formation without growth past 10 nm is also observed, and on these days the highly oxygenated organic compound concentration is significantly lower than on days with growth, and thus high concentrations of low volatility oxygenated organics appear to be a necessary condition for the growth of newly formed particles in Barcelona. These results are consistent with prior observations of new particle formation in both chambers and the real atmosphere, and these results are likely representative of the urban background of many European Mediterranean cities.
Time evolution of medium and long-period ground tilting at Campi Flegrei caldera
Authors: Petrosino Simona , Ricco Ciro , De Lauro Enza , Aquino Ida , Falanga Mariarosaria
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We analyse tiltmeter time series recorded from April 2015 to March 2019 at three borehole
instruments installed at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). We evaluate the crustal response in terms
of ground tilting to external excitations of medium/long-period tidal constituents by applying
a polarization analysis. The azimuths of the tilt vectors show well-defined polarization
directions and the ground tilting planes oscillate with the periodicity of the corresponding tidal
constituents. For two of the three tiltmeters, the average ground oscillation pattern related to
the monthly Mm and fortnightly Mf constituents show seasonal variations, which can be ascribed to
rainfall-induced tilting. In addition, for the same two instruments, a clear seasonal amplitude
modulation of the diurnal S1 constituent appears in the time series, revealing the occurrence of
site thermoelastic effects. The results indicate that the tidal tilting is mainly controlled by
the local stress field distribution and rheology; in addition, seasonal exogenous factors like
rainfalls play a role in modulating the ground deformation.
Monitoring compliance with fuel sulfur content regulations of sailing ships by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water
Authors: Zhou Fan , Hou Liwei , Zhong Rui , Chen Wei , Ni Xunpeng , Pan Shengda , Zhao Ming , An Bowen
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Due to technical and cost limitations, the monitoring of emissions from ships sailing in open water within the ship emission control areas (ECAs) is relatively rare. The present study adopts a monitoring method that uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that takes off from a patrol boat to measure the sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions from sailing ships. Our method aims to provide a low-cost, remote approach for estimating the fuel sulfur content (FSC) of sailing ships in open water, which overcomes the limitations of ground-based and small aircraft methods. The selected monitoring area was the Yangtze River estuary, a domestic ECA with an FSC limit of 0.5 % (m/m) implemented by the Chinese government. A total of 27 sailing ships were monitored, 14 of which were found to have an FSC of > 0.5 % (m/m). Moreover, the FSCs of the sailing ships were found to be higher than those of berthing ships in the study area. According to the monitoring results, four of the monitored ships were intercepted by the maritime law enforcement, and fuel samples were collected and analyzed in a laboratory; the results confirmed that all four FSCs were > 0.5 % (m/m). Among them, one offending ship was tracked down on July 15, 2019, which was the first time that a sailing ship had been caught for having failed the FSC regulations in China. Overall, the present study provides scientific support for evaluating the effectiveness of ECA policies, and recommends that emissions from sailing ships should be monitored more often in the open water in the future.
Geometric accuracy assessment of coarse-resolution satellite datasets: a study based on AVHRR GAC data at the sub-pixel level
Authors: Wu Xiaodan , Naegeli Kathrin , Wunderle Stefan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) data provide daily
global coverage of the Earth, which are widely used for global environmental
and climate studies. However, their geolocation accuracy has not been
comprehensively evaluated due to the difficulty caused by onboard resampling
and the resulting coarse resolution, which hampers their usefulness in
various applications. In this study, a correlation-based patch matching
method (CPMM) was proposed to characterize and quantify the geo-location
accuracy at the sub-pixel level for satellite data with coarse resolution,
such as the AVHRR GAC dataset. This method is neither limited to landmarks nor
suffers from errors caused by false detection due to the effect of mixed
pixels caused by a coarse spatial resolution, and it thus enables a more robust
and comprehensive geometric assessment than existing approaches. Data of
NOAA-17, MetOp-A and MetOp-B satellites were selected to test the geocoding
accuracy. The three satellites predominately present west shifts in the
across-track direction, with average values of −1.69, −1.9, −2.56 km
and standard deviations of 1.32, 1.1, 2.19 km for NOAA-17, MetOp-A,
and MetOp-B, respectively. The large shifts and uncertainties are partly
induced by the larger satellite zenith angles (SatZs) and partly due to the
terrain effect, which is related to SatZ and becomes apparent in the case of
large SatZs. It is thus suggested that GAC data with SatZs less than
40∘ should be preferred in applications. The along-track
geolocation accuracy is clearly improved compared to the across-track
direction, with average shifts of −0.7,
−0.02 and 0.96 km and standard
deviations of 1.01, 0.79 and 1.70 km for NOAA-17, MetOp-A and MetOp-B,
respectively. The data can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/AVHRR-AM/V002 (Stengel et al., 2017) and https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD13A1.006
(Didan, 2015).
HERMESv3, a stand-alone multi-scale atmospheric emission modelling framework – Part 2: The bottom–up module
Authors: Guevara Marc , Tena Carles , Porquet Manuel , Jorba Oriol , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We describe the bottom–up module of the High-Elective
Resolution Modelling Emission System version 3 (HERMESv3), a Python-based
and multi-scale modelling tool intended for the processing and computation of
atmospheric emissions for air quality modelling. HERMESv3 is composed of two
separate modules: the global_regional module and the bottom_up module. In a companion paper (Part 1,
Guevara et al., 2019a) we presented the global_regional module. The bottom_up module described in
this contribution is an emission model that estimates anthropogenic
emissions at high spatial- (e.g. road link level,) and temporal- (hourly)
resolution using state-of-the-art calculation methods that combine local
activity and emission factors along with meteorological data. The model
computes bottom–up emissions from point sources, road transport, residential
and commercial combustion, other mobile sources, and agricultural activities.
The computed pollutants include the main criteria pollutants (i.e. NOx, CO,
NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds), SOx, NH3, PM10 and PM2.5) and greenhouse gases
(i.e. CO2 and CH4, only related to combustion processes). Specific
emission estimation methodologies are provided for each source and are
mostly based on (but not limited to) the calculation methodologies reported
by the European EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook.
Meteorologically dependent functions are also included to take into account
the dynamical component of the emission processes. The model also provides
several functionalities for automatically manipulating and performing
spatial operations on georeferenced objects (shapefiles and raster files).
The model is designed so that it can be applicable to any European
country or region where the required input data are available. As in the case of
the global_regional module, emissions can be estimated on several user-defined grids,
mapped to multiple chemical mechanisms and adapted to the input requirements
of different atmospheric chemistry models (CMAQ, WRF-Chem and MONARCH) as
well as a street-level dispersion model (R-LINE). Specific emission outputs
generated by the model are presented and discussed to illustrate its
capabilities.
Permafrost thawing exhibits a greater influence on bacterial richness
and community structure than permafrost age in Arctic permafrost
soils
Authors: Ji Mukan , Kong Weidong , Liang Chao , Zhou Tianqi , Jia Hongzeng , Dong Xiaobin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Global warming accelerates permafrost thawing and changes permafrost microbial community structure, but little is known about how microorganisms in permafrost with different ages respond to thawing. Herein, we disentangled the relative importance of permafrost age (young, medium, old, and ancient) spanning from 50 to 5,000 yr and thawing status (active, transitional, and permanently frozen) in shaping bacterial community structure using Hiseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results revealed significant influences of both permafrost thawing and age on bacterial richness. The bacterial richness was significantly higher in the young and thawed permafrost, and the richness increase was mainly observed in Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Deltaproteobacterai, and Alphaproteobacteria. Permafrost thawing led to a gradual change in bacterial community structure and increased the contribution of determinism to shape the bacterial community assembly. Permutational analysis of variance demonstrated that thawing significantly changed bacterial community structure at all soil ages, but the community convergence due to permafrost thawing was not observed. Structural equation modeling revealed that permafrost thawing exhibited a greater influence on both bacterial richness and community structure than permafrost age. Our results indicate that microorganisms in permafrost with different ages respond differently to thawing, which eventually leads to distinct bacterial community compositions and different soil organic carbon degradation processes during permafrost thawing.
Refugee health care funding in Canada
Authors: Piccininni Caroline Rose , Kwong Michelle
Published: March 2020

Due to a steady rise in the number of refugees accepted by Canada in recent years, the need for government funding to cover the health care needs of this population has similarly increased. Despite this increased need, government funding via the Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP) was cut dramatically in 2012 by the Conservative government. In 2016, the Liberal government restored full refugee health care coverage. This article provides an overview of refugee health care funding decisions in Canada over the past decade, and explores the impact that such decisions have on the health outcomes of this population. Furthermore, this article compares and contrasts refugee health care funding in Canada with that in other world regions with high refugee influx. Key potential areas for funding improvement are identified.
Indicadores metatextuales y unidades fraseológicas en un corpus multimodal en lengua inglesa: el caso de you know what they say
Authors: Leiva Rojo Jorge
Published: March 2020

La identificación de unidades fraseológicas es una tarea en ocasiones ardua, que puede verse complicada además por la rapidez en que se precisa descodificar el mensaje en contextos orales donde prima la inmediatez, como es el caso de la interpretación. En ocasiones, no obstante, las unidades fraseológicas pueden encontrarse acompañadas de un presentador metatextual, que permite poner sobre aviso al intérprete de que se encuentra ante una unidad fraseológica.El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el uso que se hace del indicador metatextual you know what they say en situaciones orales reales. Tras el análisis de los cien casos más recientes que arroja el corpus NewsScape y en líneas generales, se llega a la conclusión de que su empleo suele asociarse a unidades fraseológicas, más concretamente a refranes, seguido de citas. Su posición suele ser, de forma casi mayoritaria, antepuesta a la unidad fraseológica. Igualmente, se advierte que se da con relativa frecuencia la división de la unidad fraseológica en varios turnos de palabra —en ocasiones, con la intervención de más de un interlocutor—, y, de forma muy especial, destaca la altísima incidencia de procedimientos de modificación en las unidades fraseológicas.
¿Quién argumenta mejor?: Esquemas y calidad argumentativa en adultos mayores y jóvenes chilenos
Authors: Santibáñez Cristián , Gascón José
Published: March 2020

En este trabajo se analiza comparadamente la calidad argumentativa de adultos mayores y jóvenes universitarios chilenos. Utilizando la noción y tipos de esquemas argumentativos propuestos por la teoría integrada de la estructura argumentativa (Marraud, 2013), se caracteriza la producción de argumentos de ambos grupos que dan su opinión sobre un dilema moral. Entre los hallazgos principales, cabe destacar que los porcentajes de argumentos simples y argumentos complejos en ambos grupos son sorprendentemente similares. Los adultos mayores argumentan con un nivel de complejidad equivalente al de los jóvenes (universitarios) entrevistados. Por otro lado, resulta interesante comprobar que los adultos mayores hacen un mayor uso de los argumentos de fines a medios, mientras que los jóvenes se apoyan en mayor medida en argumentos basados en reglas y normas.
El dequeísmo en el COSER: la variación en el español peninsular rural
Authors: Serradilla Castaño Ana
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una aportación al estudio de la variación gramatical del español peninsular contemporáneo a través del análisis de los casos de dequeísmo que aparecen en el COSER (Corpus Oral y Sonoro del Español Actual). Por un lado, se muestra la distribución geográfica del fenómeno y, por otro, se observan los casos concretos localizados, y se analiza el tipo de verbos y construcciones con los que aparece, así como la función que desempeña el sintagma encabezado por de que.Asimismo, se intenta responder a la posible motivación de su uso y, entre las causas apuntadas, se alude al tipo de documento y al nivel de instrucción, y se mencionan factores como la confusión de regímenes y el establecimiento de analogías entre verbos semánticamente cercanos; se maneja la hipótesis de que para algunos hablantes la estructura canónica y la estigmatizada funcionan como variantes invisibles; se apunta el valor de de como marcador de evidencialidad; se menciona también el priming como motivación significativa en cuanto a que el hablante, inconscientemente, repite estructuras ya presentes en el discurso; y se cuestionan otras explicaciones para la aparición del dequeísmo (como la valoración negativa o la distancia entre el elemento rector y la subordinada).Finalmente, se insiste en que el COSER es una herramienta muy válida para conocer cuál es la distribución del dequeísmo en la Península y nos aporta datos realmente significativos sobre qué tipo de hablantes recurren a él y en qué cotextos y contextos lo hacen.
Sinergias entre expresión y contenido en los filmes de temática social de Nieves Conde: el caso de "Todos somos necesarios" (1956)
Authors: Higueras Flores Rubén
Published: March 2020

El presente texto pretende exponer el fértil aparato significante desplegado en los largometrajes de temática social dirigidos por José Antonio Nieves Conde mediante el análisis textual de un filme paradigmático como Todos somos necesarios. Para ello, evidenciaremos la manera en que los mecanismos enunciativos forjan y refuerzan el discurso del texto, revelando un dispositivo enunciativo de inusitada riqueza y singular hibridez, cuyas imágenes se aproximan a un registro aparentemente realista tomando como referencia opciones estéticas paradójicamente opuestas en su alto grado de estilización.
Patrimonio fílmico iberoamericano en acceso abierto: portales complutenses "Cinedocnet/Redauvi" (2012-2019…) y proyecto Ripdasa (2019-2022)
Authors: Lopez Yepes Alfonso López
Published: March 2020

Se plantea como objetivo ofrecer una visión conjunta sobre la situación actual del cine en relación con el acceso abierto y la proyección iberoamericana; del patrimonio fílmico y su posicionamiento y visibilidad; de las últimas tendencias tecnológicas en cine; de los nuevos perfiles y roles del profesional cinematográfico; de la producción fílmica en redes sociales; y, en fin, informar acerca de colaboraciones e investigaciones conjuntas en curso de elaboración. En cuanto a metodología, se ha procedido a la búsqueda y consulta de bibliografía especializada, para finalmente comprobar que las publicaciones sobre patrimonio fílmico en acceso abierto son muy reducidas y además se encuentra muy dispersa: se comprueba que es una temática apenas debatida en ámbitos y foros profesionales especializados en documentación informativa cinematográfica más concretamente. Pero sí que está presente de forma referenciada en algunos blogs, portales, canales y redes sociales, y en este sentido se remite como alguna muestra de ello a producción propia del servicio de documentación multimedia de la universidad complutense: Cinedocnet, Redauvi, RTVDoc. Como resultados propuestos, con el fin de contrarrestar la dispersión y falta de canalización detectadas para disponer de acceso abierto más completo a fondos cinematográficos y a su interconexión, y para complementar la producción propia mencionada, se sugiere un Repositorio iberoamericano de fuentes de consulta o referencia cinematográficas en línea, creado a propósito de este trabajo y abierto a su actualización permanente. Y por otra parte el establecimiento de una Red iberoamericana de preservación digital de archivos sonoros y audiovisuales 2019-2022 (Ripdasa), en la que ya se está trabajando como consecuencia de un proyecto internacional integrado por grupos de investigación de siete latinoamericanos en el que participa la universidad complutense a través del departamento de biblioteconomía y documentación.
Essential oil analysis of eight 'Nepeta' taxa in Iran
Authors: Talebi Seyed Mehdi , Ghorbani Nohooji Majid , Yarmohammadi Mahbobeh
Published: March 2020

Nepeta is one of the largest and important genera of Lamiaceae that is found in many parts of the world as wild plants. These aromatic plants produce essential oil for various pharmaceutical and industrial products. The essential oil composition in eight taxa of Nepeta was analyzed. One natural population from each taxon was selected, and their essential oils extracted using Clevenger apparatus. Moreover, GC and GC/MS analysis methods allowed to reveal the variability in essential oil composition and profile among the studied taxa. The oxygenated monoterpenes were dominant in the oils of N. meyeri, N. mirzayanii, N. racemosa, N. binaludensis, and N. glomerulosa. Phytol was the major compound in the essential oil of N. kotschyi var. persica and N. saccharata (11.56% and 27.04%, respectively). 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone (73.89%) and 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (83.92%) were the major constituents in essential oil of N. mirzayanii and N. meyeri, respectively. 1,8-cineol was the principal constituent in the oil of N. glomerulosa var. carmanica, N. binaludensis, N. pogonosperma and N. racemosa (23.34%, 43.49%, 53.94% and 70.89%, respectively). The studied taxa were classified into four distinct groups according to the UPGMA tree with high level of bootstrapping support. Each group was characterized by special trait(s) that could be used for identification of them. Therefore, four chemotypes were separated among the studied taxa: 1,8-cineol, 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone, 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone, and carvacrol. It was also noticed that the composition of essential oil was highly varied compared to previous results.
Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Collection Systems in Ghana
Authors: Sulemana Alhassan , Donkor Emmanuel A. , Oduro-Kwarteng Sampson
Published: March 2020

For purposes of establishing a benchmark against which performance of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection systems can be evaluated by sector regulators, investors and managers, this study assessed the cost efficiency of MSW collection systems in Ghana, using stochastic frontier analysis
(SFA). Data from seventy municipal solid waste collection systems were used to estimate the parameters of a Cobb-Douglas cost function. The study developed a cost function, estimated the parameters using maximum likelihood, and applied SFA to determine the efficiencies. Four variables (quantity
of waste collected, distance travelled, fuel consumed and number of trips) which affect operating cost were used to estimate the efficiency. Results from the analysis showed that the cost efficiencies ranged from 59.82% to 93.23%, with a mean value of 84.16% and, that fuel consumed was the
significant cost driver at the 5% significant level. Efficiencies for Municipal Assemblies ranged from 71.80% to 90.77%, with a mean value of 84.26% while District Assemblies recorded 59.82% to 93.23%, with a mean value of 83.79%. There was no significant difference in the mean relative efficiency
estimates of the District and Municipal Assemblies. The findings establish a benchmark and methodology, essential for industrial players in performance evaluation. The study also serves as a resource material for further study in performance evaluation of solid waste collection systems, particularly
in developing economies.
French schwa and gradient cumulativity
Authors: Smith Brian W. , Pater Joe
Published: March 2020

We explore the interaction of two phonological factors that condition schwa–zero alternations in French: schwa is more likely after two consonants than a singleton; and schwa is more likely between stressed syllables than elsewhere. Using new data from a judgment study, we show that both factors play a role in schwa epenthesis and deletion, and that the two factors interact cumulatively: they have a stronger effect together than individually. Treating each factor as a constraint, we find that their cumulative interaction is better modeled with weighted than with ranked constraints. We provide a characterization of patterns of cumulativity in probability space in terms of the effect of constraint on its own versus its effect in a cumulative interaction with another constraint. Stochastic OT can model cumulative interactions, but only sublinear ones, where the effect of a constraint is weaker in the cumulative context than on its own. Weighted constraint models, MaxEnt and Noisy HG, can model the full range of cumulativity — sublinear, linear, and superlinear. In examining the ability of these models to fit our experimental data, we find that Stochastic OT is hampered by the fact that the data displays superlinear cumulativity. Noisy HG and MaxEnt fare better on this dataset, with MaxEnt yielding the best fit.
Estimation of the octanol-water distribution coefficient of basic compounds by a cationic microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography system
Authors: Fernández-Pumarega Alejandro , Martín-Sanz Belén , Amézqueta Susana , Fuguet Elisabet , Rosés Martí
Published: March 2020

The octanol-water partition coefficient (Po/w), or the octanol-water distribution coefficient (Do/w) for ionized compounds, is a key parameter in the drug development process. In a previous work, this parameter was estimated through the retention factor measurements in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) - microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) system for acidic compounds. Nonetheless, when ionized basic compounds were analyzed, undesirable ion pairs were formed with the anionic surfactant and avoided a good estimation of log Do/w. For this reason, an alternative MEEKC system based on a cationic surfactant has been evaluated to estimate Po/w or Do/w of neutral compounds and ionized bases. To this end, it has been characterized through the solvation parameter model (SPM) and compared to the octanol-water partition system. Results pointed out that both systems show a similar partition behavior. Hence, the log Po/w of a set of neutral compounds has been successfully correlated against the logarithm of the retention factor (log k) determined in this MEEKC system. Then, the log Do/w of 6 model bases have been estimated at different pH values and they have been compared to data from the literature, determined by the reference shake-flask and potentiometric methods. Good agreement has been observed between the literature and the estimated values when the base is neutral or partially ionized (up to 99 % of ionization).
Additive Grundrechtseingriffe
Authors: Brade Alexander
Published: March 2020

More and more individuals are exposed to various measures imposed on them by public authorities. Nearly all areas of life are affected, for example environment law, tax law or social law.

Basic constitutional law clearly states that the accumulation of infringements should be taken seriously. But what does that mean exactly? This analysis first addresses the conditions which allow such measures to be ‘accumulated’. Secondly, it shows how such ‘additive’ interferences with fundamental rights can be worked with. It thus recommends modifying a conventional examination of this issue, which only considers each infringement separately. The logical consequence of this is that the concept of legal protection must become more open in order to measure the impact of multiple infringements.
Datenschutz bei E-Learning-Plattformen
Authors: Botta Jonas
Published: March 2020

Die digitale Transformation aller Lebensbereiche schreitet unaufhaltsam voran. Auch vor Hochschulpforten macht sie keinen Halt. Doch im Schatten des Erfolgs neuer Bildungstechnologien verbergen sich bislang ungeahnte Herausforderungen für den Datenschutz. Welche dies sind und wie sie sich bewältigen lassen, untersucht erstmals die vorliegende Arbeit umfassend.

Am Beispiel der Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) untersucht Jonas Botta vornehmlich die drohende Totalerfassung der E-Learner im virtuellen Seminarraum, die geschäftsmäßige Weitergabe ihrer Daten an Dritte und das spezielle Risiko transatlantischer Datenübermittlungen angesichts des defizitären EU-US Privacy Shield. Dadurch schließt die Arbeit nicht nur die bestehende Forschungslücke zu den Online-Kursen, sondern leistet zugleich auch einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu, vertiefte Einblicke in die DS-GVO und die einschlägigen deutschen Datenschutzvorschriften zu erlangen.
Powerlessness and Personalization
Authors: Burke Victoria I. , Burke Robin D. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

Is privacy the key ethical issue of the internet age? This coauthored essay argues that even if all of a user’s privacy concerns were met through secure communication and computation, there are still ethical problems with personalized information systems. Our objective is to show how computer-mediated life generates what Ernesto Laclou and Chantal Mouffe call an “atypical form of social struggle.” Laclau and Mouffe develop a politics of contingent identity and transient articulation (or social integration) by means of the notions of absent, symbolic, hegemonic power and antagonistic transitions or relations. In this essay, we introduce a critical approach to one twenty-first-century atypical social struggle that, we claim, has a disproportionate effect on those who experience themselves as powerless. Our aim is to render explicit the forms of social mediation and distortion that result from large-scale machine learning as applied to personal preference information. We thus bracket privacy in order to defend some aspects of the EU GDPR that will give individuals more control over their experience of the internet if they want to use it and, thereby, decrease the unwanted epistemic effects of the internet. Our study is thus a micropolitics in in the Deleuzian micropolitical sense and a preliminary analysis of an atypical social struggle.
Conflitos do uso de solo em áreas de preservação permanente em Candelária (RS)
Authors: Speth Gianne , Peres Leonardo Ernandes da Silva , Wollmann Luiza , Domingues Quétilan Rodrigues , Ribeiro Bárbara Maria Giaccom
Published: March 2020

The urbanization process of Brazilian cities has generated several environmental problems, including occupations and irregular uses in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA). Land use in marginal strips, coupled with vegetation removal, causes environmental degradation, causing instability of ecosystems. For this reason, the present study aims to identify and analyze land use and land occupation conflicts in PPA localized in the urban perimeter of the municipality of Candelária, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The methodology uses geographic and statistical data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and spactial bases provided by the municipal government. Data systematization and maps elaboration were performed in Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. Candelária presents streams that cut the urban mesh and flow into the Pardo River, thus, there are PPAs of considerable size within the urban area. Research shows that there are improper uses in PPA, such as buildings, irregular settlements and agricultural crops. Finally, the results indicate there is significant area under protection in the city being impacted by human action, aggravating the reduction of native forest.
O resgate do uso de plantas alimentícias não convencionais: atividades na escola de Cerro Branco - RS
Authors: Moraes Rosana Santos de , Frescura Viviane Dal-Souto , Zappe Janessa Aline
Published: March 2020

Many plants called “bushes”, “innos” or “weeds” make an important economic, ecological, nutritional and medicinal role. These plants or part of them are called Unconventional Food Plants (PANC). Because of the lack of knowledge of these plants by the population, actions are needed to rescue the use of PANC. In this sense, as objectives of the work, it is considered achievement of lectures and tastings of food produced with PANC at the Cerro Branco State College, in Cerro Branco - RS. In addition, at the meeting participants answered questionnaires that sought to investigate previous knowledge about PANC. From the questionnaires it was found that, out of a hundred and thirty-six participants, only nine knew the PANC and that the most recognized and consumed PANC was the blackberry (Morus nigra L.). Regarding the golden rain (Cassia fistula L.), only 40 students know and none consume, showing that there is a need to disseminate information about PANC among the school community, encouraging the consumption of PANC on a daily basis.
Fatores determinantes para a construção do potencial produtivo da soja em terras baixas
Authors: Bredow Alex Alan , Dorneles Alicia Baumhardt , Grohs Mara , Silveira Rodrigo De Moura , Neu Giovane Rodrigo Friedrich , Rosa Caren Alessandra da , Pohlmann Valéria , Machado Jéssica Maciel
Published: March 2020

The soybean is an alternative of diversification and financial return to the rice farmer. However, it presents difficulties of cultivation and low yield due to the physical characteristics of the soil. In this scenario, the objective of this work was to verify the influence of soil scarification, the genetic material used and the sowing date. Three soybean cultivars, with yield potential classified as “medium”, “high” and “very high”, were sown in a scarified and non-scarified area, in the dates november 7th and december 10th, year of 2018. The scarification opperation occurred on october 1st. Initial establishment varied according to cultivar, soil mechanism and sowing date. Soil scarification effect was verified up to 100 days after the operation. Within the construction of the yield potential, scarification accounted for 14.4 %, sowing date 12.5 % and genetic material 73.1 % of crop grain yield, in the “high” and “very high” potential materials.
Projeto de extensão prática corporal em dança flamenca
Authors: Vieira Stéphane Soares , Donoso Verônica Garcia
Published: March 2020

The extension project “Bodily practices in flamenco dance: the relational space of a sensible body” brings the community of Cachoeira do Sul, RS, bases of body awareness, movement, expression and interpretation through the learning and knowledge of flamenco culture and dance. Flamenco has been recognized by UNESCO since 2010 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, being an artistic expression resulting from the composition of the song, musical touch and body movement, being only possible through the understanding of the art as a set of these elements. This composition has as its main objective to narrate a story (present in the song) and to express the feelings that such story brings (for example, sadness, happiness, regret). The project has the participation of the academic community and the general community of Cachoeira do Sul alike, developing expression and body awareness, fighting against sedentary, bringing quality of life to participants, improving posture and self-esteem, proposing challenges and teamwork.  The project’s target audience ranges from young people to adults of all genders, proposing interaction and learning between different audiences. Art belongs from everyone to everyone, and the spread of different cultures makes a very positive contribution to the citizen formation.