bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRESENTATIONS OF AFFINE KAC–MOODY GROUPS
Authors: CAPDEBOSCQ INNA , KIRKINA KARINA , RUMYNIN DMITRIY
Published: October 2018

How many generators and relations does $\text{SL}\,_{n}(\mathbb{F}_{q}[t,t^{-1}])$ need? In this paper we exhibit its explicit presentation with $9$ generators and $44$ relations. We investigate presentations of affine Kac–Moody groups over finite fields. Our goal is to derive finite presentations, independent of the field and with as few generators and relations as we can achieve. It turns out that any simply connected affine Kac–Moody group over a finite field has a presentation with at most 11 generators and 70 relations. We describe these presentations explicitly type by type. As a consequence, we derive explicit presentations of Chevalley groups $G(\mathbb{F}_{q}[t,t^{-1}])$ and explicit profinite presentations of profinite Chevalley groups $G(\mathbb{F}_{q}[[t]])$.
Application of the minimum entropy production principle to shock reflection induced by separation
Authors: Wang Chengpeng , Xue Longsheng , Cheng Keming
Published: October 2018

In this paper separation-induced shock reflection is studied theoretically and experimentally. An analytical model is proposed to establish the connections among upstream conditions, downstream conditions and shock configurations. Furthermore, the minimum entropy production principle is employed to determine the incident shock angles as well as the criterion for the transition from regular reflection to Mach reflection, which agrees well with experimental results. Additionally, a solution path for a reflected shock that fulfills the minimum entropy production principle is found in the overall regular reflection domain, based on which the steadiest shock configuration may be determined according to upstream and downstream conditions.
THE FINDS FROM LA TÈNE IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM: LA TÈNE, UN SITE, UN MYTHE 6
Authors: Fitzpatrick A P
Published: October 2018

Discovered in 1857, the site of La Tène, in Switzerland, played an important role in the rapid development of European prehistory in the mid-nineteenth century including the adoption of the three-age system in which it was named as the type site for the later Iron Age. The finds from it are now scattered across museums in Europe and America, and those in London are published here as part of a project to locate and publish all the finds from the site. The discovery of the site and the dispersal of its finds are discussed in the context of contemporary understandings of the past and collecting practices. Usually seen as votive offerings placed in a river, the finds have been re-interpreted recently as the remains of a trophy that displayed the bodies and equipment of an army defeated in c 220–200bc.
Introduction to Roman Faith and Christian Faith
Authors: MORGAN TERESA J.
Published: October 2018

This brief introduction outlines the main themes and arguments of Roman Faith and Christian Faith.
Pistis, fides, and propositional belief
Authors: HOWARD-SNYDER DANIEL
Published: October 2018

In my contribution to the symposium on Teresa Morgan's Roman Faith and Christian Faith, I set the stage for three questions. First, in the Graeco-Roman view, when you put/maintain faith in someone, is the cognitive aspect of your faith compatible with scepticism about the relevant propositions? Second, did some of the New Testament authors think that one could put/maintain faith in God while being sceptical about the relevant propositions? Third, in her private writings, Saint Teresa of Calcutta described herself as living by faith and yet not believing; even so, by all appearances, she was an exemplar of faith in God. Would people during the period of your study tend to see her as an exemplar of faith in God?
HOW BAR CODED MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION TECHNOLOGY AFFECTS THE NURSE–PATIENT RELATIONSHIPS: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Boonen Marcel , Vosman Frans J.H. , Niemeijer Alistair
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

This study aims to assess how care is mediated through technology by analyzing the interaction between nurses, patients, and a Bar Coded Medication Administration (BCMA) system. The objective is to explore how patients experience care through medication technology, with the main focus of our observations and interviews on nurses rather than patients.

Methods:

A qualitative ethnographic study was conducted in an orthopedic ward of a Dutch general hospital.

Results:

After analyses, the following two themes were discerned: (i) the use of bar code medication technology organizes double institutionalization, and (ii) nurses frequently need to work around the BCMA, as the system is not always supportive of patient needs.

Conclusions:

The results of this study indicate that BCMA is not merely a neutral tool, but an active component within the nurse–patient relationship, as it influences medication administration and profoundly affects patient participation in the care process.
Rethinking early Carthaginian coinage
Authors: Visonà Paolo
Published: October 2018

The coins minted by the Carthaginians in silver, gold, electrum, billon and bronze comprise one of the largest coinages that circulated in the W Mediterranean before the Roman conquest. They provide essential information on both the history and economy of Carthage and on Carthaginian interactions with their neighbors, allies and adversaries. Carthaginian bronze coins, in particular, are frequently found throughout the Punic world, in each of its core regions (N Africa from Tripolitania to Algeria, Sicily, Sardinia, Ibiza and the southernmost Iberian peninsula), as well as in Italy. Yet few accounts of Carthage and the Punic Wars take Carthaginian coinage into consideration, and an emphasis on Greek and Latin literary sources continues to drive the narrative. Of course, in evaluating the political and economic implications of numismatic evidence one needs to distinguish from the start between the issues of the Carthage mint and those of other mints that struck coins under Carthaginian authority. Carthaginian coinage did not follow a linear path of development. As the Carthaginians began to produce coins in Sicily earlier than in N Africa, the start of minting at Carthage deserves careful scrutiny. This essay, based upon an ongoing study of Carthaginian bronze and billon coins, will review the history of modern scholarship and current research on Carthaginian coinage, focussing upon the formative period of the Carthage mint between c.350 and 300 B.C. in order to define the main aspects of its output, its relevance for the monetization of the Carthaginian homeland, and the sequence of the earliest issues.
A funerary monument on the Capitoline: architecture and painting in mid-Republican Rome, between Etruria and Greece
Authors: Tucci Pier Luigi
Published: October 2018

The debate on the relationships between Rome, Italy, and the Mediterranean world in the Archaic and mid-Republican periods remains very lively. Complementing the most recent discoveries and interpretations, I present two unknown mid-Republican documents from the Arx, the N summit of the Capitoline hill (fig. 1). Excavations for the Monument to Victor Emmanuel II brought to light after 1887 many walls and artifacts, which have been studied almost exclusively to produce archaeological maps or catalogues of objects, but the structures sealed beneath the basilica of Santa Maria in Aracoeli toward the end of the 13th c., rediscovered in the 1980s and surveyed by the present author since 2001, shed new light on a number of religious, historical, topographical, architectural and art-historical issues.

The new archaeological evidence may be summarized as follows. In the 1st c. B.C., an aristocratic domus set on three levels occupied the NW sector of the Arx; it was remodeled in the Flavian and Severan periods (figs. 2-3). Apparently a location of the temple of Juno Moneta on the site of the Aracoeli must be ruled out. Among the structures still preserved beneath the basilica, which include an Imperial-era wall with huge curvilinear spurs that can be associated with the Iseum Capitolinum, we may mention an ashlar wall in blocks of Grotta Oscura tuff (a stone available after the defeat of Veii in 397 B.C.) that constituted the façade of a monument with a false arch dating from the 4th c. B.C. (fig. 2).
The impact of the German frontier on the economic development of the countryside of Roman Gaul
Authors: Reddé Michel
Published: October 2018

In a series of studies about settlement density in the Rhine area from protohistoric to modern times, K.-P. Wendt and A. Zimmermann try their hand at the difficult task of evaluating the palaeodemography of a region. Their task is all the more complex because these are times and spaces for which written sources are lacking, as a result of which reasoning relies very broadly on interpretation of the archaeological record. The two researchers also attempt to characterize the density of rural settlements and their spatial distribution. I shall not dally on the methods employed, which involve quite complex statistics and geomatics (anyway, they lie outside my area of scientific competence), and shall take the figures at face value, even if I might question some of them. I shall contemplate the economic impact of population growth on the countryside of Gaul in Imperial times. It is a subject that has often been addressed, but one which I intend to reconsider in the context of a European programme on this issue. The relationship between population numbers, agricultural yield, gross domestic product and taxation has certainly been one key to our understanding of the Roman economy ever since the model suggested by K. Hopkins. Here, however, I do not wish to proceed in terms of theory, but intend to review critically the archaeological sources, which, for want of written evidence, are our mainspring for evaluating the key components of economic development on the regional scale of NE Gaul.
Rural churches and settlements in late-antique and Early Mediaeval Tuscany
Authors: Castiglia Gabriele
Published: October 2018

The relationship between Roman villas and their re-use as ecclesiastical buildings in late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages has been much investigated in recent years. This topic is now integrated into the debate about the end of the villas and of rural settlements more generally. Since the bibliography is extensive, I shall highlight only the main interpretative and more recent studies. As is argued in a series of studies focusing on the Italian peninsula, Roman villas underwent structural, functional and spatial changes from the end of the 4th c. despite their continued use. The most striking modification is the erection of churches on rural settlements. The chronology and nature of this Christianisation of the countryside are still subject to debate. I will examine the best-known villas in the territory corresponding to northern Tuscany, paying close attention to those of the late-antique period. I will then proceed to an analysis of those villas where the foundation of churches can be identified during the transition from late antiquity to the Early Middle Ages.
The Ludovisi “Suicidal Gaul” and his wife: bronze or marble original, Hellenistic or Roman?
Authors: Ridgway Brunilde Sismondo
Published: October 2018

From 1981 to 2002, in various lectures and writings, I presented my suggestion about the “Roman” conception of the Ludovisi Suicidal Gaul, without eliciting positive responses. What has prompted me to re-open this issue after the passing of so many years? Perhaps the catalyst was a major exhibition — Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World — held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York from April 18 to July 17, 2016, together with its impressive catalogue. There, an essay by M. Papini reviewed present knowledge about the victory dedications of the Attalids and the stone bases for them erected at Pergamon within the precinct of Athena Nikephoros. Although admitting that certainty was impossible and that serious difficulties existed about previously attempted reconstructions, he reproduced two drawings that showed the Ludovisi Gaul atop the large cylindrical monument as well as on the long rectangular pedestal “leaving aside [other] improbable attempts … and even more the interpretation of the marble pieces as Roman works evoking Pergamon ‘in the grand manner’.” The Ludovisi Gaul was not part of the New York exhibition. Its companion piece, the Dying Gaul collapsing on a broken trumpet, did receive a catalogue entry (by E. Polito) that reiterated the difficulty of visualizing the original placement. Yet these two Gauls (the “Trumpeter” and the Ludovisi Gaul) have joined the sculptures from the Pergamon Great Altar as virtual touchstones for our understanding of Pergamene style even though they may not be “Greek” at all, let alone Pergamene.
Gladiators and circus horses in the Iliad frieze in Pompeii's Casa di D. Octavius Quartio?
Authors: Pollard Alison
Published: October 2018

The only three surviving frescoes from the Roman world to depict a series of episodes from Homer's Iliad in continuous frieze format are all found on a single street in Pompeii. They were published in 1953 in V. Spinazzola's Pompei alla luce degli scavi nuovi di Via dell’Abbondanza (anni 1910-1923), vol. 2, under the editorship of S. Aurigemma, whose detailed descriptions and interpretation of the iconography and epigraphy have remained largely unchallenged. Relatively poorly preserved, they exhibit a puzzling interplay between their iconography, epigraphy and the Homeric text, and even the chronology of the epic itself. Each of the Iliad friezes, like the Odyssey frescoes in the Vatican Museums, in parts reflect close adherence to the text of their respective epics, yet each contains details which do not derive from the Homeric account: some alter it in subtle ways, noticeable only to those who know their Homer well, but there are also extra-Homeric figural scenes and painted epigraphy in the form of labels which, although traditionally considered to be errors made by an ill-educated artist or even evidence of the use of hypotheses of the Iliad and Odyssey, must derive from some external source. This paper seeks to show that in the Iliad frieze of the Casa di D. Octavius Quartio it may be possible to establish the source of the extra-Homeric insertions: the details appear to refer not only to the erudite realm of Homeric epic, but also to the thrill and violence of contemporary arenas.
A bronze portrait of a slave child from a presumed villa near Medellín (Lusitania)
Authors: Ojeda David
Published: October 2018

A bronze portrait of a child (figs. 1-4) belonging to the category of “small format” portraits is preserved in the Archaeological Museum of Badajoz (inv. no. 4471). It was found in 1970 in excavations conducted by J. M. Peralta y Sosa on a farm in the Vega del Ortiga, an area east of Medellín in the territory between that town and Don Benito (Lusitania), some 35 km from Mérida (Augusta Emerita). In the excavated area of 40 m2 (fig. 5) were two cisterns and a rectangular well, at the bottom of which was the bronze portrait. The N cistern measured 3.8 x 1.25 m. Attached to its E side was a rectangular (80 x 60 cm) well. A channel in the centre of the S wall of the well was connected to a square (3.45 x 2.9 m) cistern. From its W wall a drain leads into a channel towards the Ortiga river, which flows by some 50 m away. On the E side of the excavation area were two identical column bases which could have belonged to a peristyle. One is a square (90 x 80 cm) block preserving traces of a column shaft 65 cm in diameter, while the other, 3 m to the north, retains the beginning of the shaft. From this point a wall (45 cm thick) faced with stucco starts to head north. The pottery found during the excavation included Arretine, South Gaulish and thin-walled wares belonging to the first quarter of the 1st c. A.D. The site appears to have been part of a Roman villa.
Josephus' “Cydasa of the Tyrians” (Tel Qedesh) in eastern Upper Galilee
Authors: Sabar Roi
Published: October 2018

Eastern Upper Galilee in the Roman period evidently housed two ethnic groups in an often hostile relationship (cf. Jos., BJ 3.35-40): in the north, a pagan population belonging to the chora of Tyre, which would have included Qedesh, and in the south a Jewish population. The two ethnic-based territories, which exhibit clear differences in their material culture, were separated by the deep ravine of Naḥal Dishon (wadi Hindaj). Other than urban temples, pagan temples, usually dated to the 2nd and 3rd c. A.D., are limited to the area north of Naḥal Dishon, while synagogues, which continued to be erected into the late-antique period, lie to its south. Qedesh lies 35 km southeast of the large metropolis of Tyre (fig. 1) across a rough mountainous area which made communication somewhat difficult.
Two portraits from Aphrodisias: late-antique re-visualizations of traditional culture-heroes?
Authors: Lenaghan Julia
Published: October 2018

The “Last Statues of Antiquity”, the collaborative project directed by R. R. R. Smith and B. Ward-Perkins, gathers into a single database all extant late-antique portraits. As a member of the research team, I was given the opportunity to study all the portraits that are either known or conjectured to represent traditional culture-heroes. This exercise gave me “new” eyes for viewing two “old” portraits from Aphrodisias, until now not identifiable. One, excavated in 1982, is a clean-shaven portrait, once fancifully identified as Julius Caesar (fig. 2); the other, first published in 1958, is a bearded portrait broken off a bust (fig. 13).

Neither of these two heads is immediately recognizable as a representation of any known individual by the scholarly method which works so well with portraits of Early and High Imperial Roman emperors: that is, neither is identifiable as following any known “portrait type” by the application of the rules of “Kopienkritik”, whereby a scholar establishes the indisputable dependence of two sculptures on a model by finding precisely shared details between two heads — details of hair locks, face, pose, or attributes. In late antiquity, however, fidelity to inherited models was more fluid, and a bold re-interpretation — in terms of contemporary portrait-style — was perhaps even to be desired. This is particularly true in the case of the portraits of traditional culture-heroes: the many highly variable portraits of Menander (here fig. 6) or of Socrates may serve to demonstrate this point.
Ruptured mitral valves chordae tendineae around a convalescent infant with acute Kawasaki disease
Authors: Tsuda Etsuko , Negishi Jun , Miike Hikari , Kurosaki Kenichi
Published: October 2018

Severe valvulitis owing to acute Kawasaki disease leading to severe mitral regurgitation is a rare event in infants. Further, there is less information about underlying ruptured mitral chordae tendineae causing severe mitral regurgitation. We encountered ruptured mitral chordae tendineae in three female patients after Kawasaki disease. The age at the onset of Kawasaki disease ranged from 3 to 8 months, and detection of ruptured mitral chordae tendineae was from 24 to 90 days. Two patients had acute heart failure, and one was asymptomatic. One patient underwent mitral annuloplasty, and the others responded to medication. These ruptured mitral chordae tendineae occurred after the remission of the initial acute Kawasaki disease, in the early course and the convalescent of acute Kawasaki disease. Further, the recurrent fever was also detected in them. The ruptured mitral chordae tendineae in an infant within 6 months can be detected by systolic heart murmur around the convalescent stage of acute Kawasaki disease, although the prevalence is very low.
Deleterious Impact of Expressive Suppression on Test Performance Persists at One-Year Follow-Up in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Suchy Yana , Niermeyer Madison Amelia , Franchow Emilie Irene , Ziemnik Rosemary
Published: October 2018

Objectives:Expressive suppression (ES) is an emotion-regulation strategy that is associated with poorer performance on subsequently administered tests of executive functioning (EF). It is not known, however, how far into the future ES interferes with EF. This study examined whether (a) ES negatively affects performance on EF tests repeated 1 year after the initial administration (presumably through interference with learning, leading to a reduced practice effect), and (b) whether such an effect, if seen, is unique to EF or whether it also affects lower-order cognitive processes needed for EF test performance.Methods:Sixty-six non-demented community-dwelling older adults were randomly assigned to either an ES group or control group. Executive and non-executive tests were administered before and immediately following the exposure to an emotionally evocative video, and then again at 1-year follow-up. Groups were compared at 1-year follow-up on tests of EF and lower-order processes, to examine whether the previously demonstrated impact of ES on EF is evident only immediately following the experimental manipulation (Franchow & Suchy, 2017), or also at 1-year follow-up.Results:The results showed that participants who engaged in ES continued to exhibit poorer performance on EF tests 1 year later. This effect was not present for performance on tests of lower-order processes.Conclusions:These results suggest that the use of ES before an EF task can interfere with the ability to benefit from exposure to that task, thereby negatively affecting future performance. (JINS, 2019, 25, 29–38)
REXPANSIONS OF NONDETERMINISTIC MATRICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN NONCLASSICAL LOGICS
Authors: AVRON ARNON , ZOHAR YONI
Published: October 2018

The operations of expansion and refinement on nondeterministic matrices (Nmatrices) are composed to form a new operation called rexpansion. Properties of this operation are investigated, together with their effects on the induced consequence relations. Using rexpansions, a semantic method for obtaining conservative extensions of (N)matrix-defined logics is introduced and applied to fragments of the classical two-valued matrix, as well as to other many-valued matrices and Nmatrices. The main application of this method is the construction and investigation of truth-preserving ¬-paraconsistent conservative extensions of Gödel fuzzy logic, in which ¬ has several desired properties. This is followed by some results regarding the relations between the constructed logics.
Transgenerational effects of maternal bisphenol: a exposure on offspring metabolic health
Authors: Bansal A. , Li C. , Xin F. , Duemler A. , Li W. , Rashid C. , Bartolomei M. S. , Simmons R. A.
Published: October 2018

Exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous and associated with health abnormalities that persist in subsequent generations. However, transgenerational effects of BPA on metabolic health are not widely studied. In a maternal C57BL/6J mice (F0) exposure model using BPA doses that are relevant to human exposure levels (10 μg/kg/day, LowerB; 10 mg/kg/day, UpperB), we showed male- and dose-specific effects on pancreatic islets of the first (F1) and second generation (F2) offspring relative to controls (7% corn oil diet; control). In this study, we determined the transgenerational effects (F3) of BPA on metabolic health and pancreatic islets in our model. Adult F3 LowerB and UpperB male offspring had increased body weight relative to Controls, however glucose tolerance was similar in the three groups. F3 LowerB, but not UpperB, males had reduced β-cell mass and smaller islets which was associated with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Similar to F1 and F2 BPA male offspring, staining for markers of T-cells and macrophages (CD3 and F4/80) was increased in pancreas of F3 LowerB and UpperB male offspring, which was associated with changes in cytokine levels. In contrast to F3 BPA males, LowerB and UpperB female offspring had comparable body weight, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion as Controls. Thus, maternal BPA exposure resulted in fewer metabolic defects in F3 than F1 and F2 offspring, and these were sex- and dose-specific.
Outstanding Student Presentation Awards: Coveted Honors and More
Authors: Atol-Patton Lauren , Marasco Leslie
Published: October 2018

AGU student members have the opportunity to receive feedback and expand their network at Fall Meeting through the OSPA program. OSPA volunteers help guide the next generation of scientists.
Magnetic Properties of Deep‐Sea Sediments From the North Pacific: A Proxy of Glacial Deep‐Water Ventilation
Authors: Shin Ji Young , Yu Yongjae , Seo Inah , Hyeong Kiseong , Lim Dhongil , Kim Wonnyon
Published: October 2018

The magnetic properties of deep‐sea sediments in the North Pacific vary in sync with glacial‐interglacial climatic changes and have thus been considered as a paleoclimate indicator. However, the causes of these variations in magnetic properties, including the concentration, grain size, and mineralogy of magnetic minerals, remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the magnetic properties of deep‐sea sediments recovered from the Shatsky Rise in the North Pacific to investigate the cause of the variability associated with glacial‐interglacial cycles. Compared to the potential sediment provenances, the interglacial‐stage and more than half of the glacial‐stage sediments reveal magnetic mineralogical properties (S ratio and L ratio) of the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts, probably indicating dust from the both sources. During glacials, an abrupt decrease in the concentration of magnetic minerals is associated with increases in the average grain size and in the proportion of hematite relative to magnetite. The changes during glacials are mostly a result of dissolutions of magnetite by exposure to ambient ocean environments after deposition. Both magnetic and geochemical proxies validate that poor ventilation of the glacial deep waters in the North Pacific possibly induced iron‐reducing conditions. With comprehensive compilation with the S‐ratio data in the North Pacific sediments, our result indicates that the poorly ventilated deep waters reached up to water depths of ~2,500 m during glacials.
An Integrated Hydrological Model for the Restoration of Ecosystems in Arid Regions: Application in Zhangye Basin of the Middle Heihe River Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Liu Minghuan , Xu Xu , Jiang Yao , Huang Quanzhong , Huo Zailin , Huang Guanhua
Published: October 2018

River basins in or across arid regions have been facing intensified water scarcity and ecological problems, mainly due to the intense irrigated agriculture. Integrating the multiprocesses in hydrological cycle is quite necessary to make reasonable management strategies. In this paper, an integrated multiprocess hydrological model was proposed by coupling river water flow, groundwater flow, canal conveyance, and vadose water flow processes. It was applied to the Zhangye basin of middle Heihe River basin for searching management strategies to restore the ecosystems (i.e., ensure surface runoff into downstream and also recover local groundwater levels). The integrated model was calibrated and validated during 2005‐2007 and 2008‐2010, respectively. Simulation of groundwater levels (GWLs, 32 wells) and surface runoff both matched well with the observed values, with Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency > 0.38 and R2 > 0.57. Then various scenarios were designed with considering five alternatives of different farmland area decrease and three alternatives of groundwater exploitation. Responses of surface runoff and GWLs were predicted for 20 years. Surface runoff change was compared with the water diversion curve, and GWL recovery was also discussed. Results revealed that ecosystems could not be restored with current agricultural area, even shutting down groundwater abstraction for irrigation. A decrease of about 30% of farmland area and using surface river water instead of pumping groundwater for irrigation could satisfy water diversion demand with only a slight GWL decline. Furthermore, the extra irrigation with diverted surface water during nongrowing season could further lead to the recovery of GWLs while without causing negative effects on surface runoff.
Simple Parameterization of Aerodynamic Roughness Lengths and the Turbulent Heat Fluxes at the Top of Midlatitude August‐One Glacier, Qilian Mountains, China
Authors: Guo Shuhai , Chen Rensheng , Liu Guohua , Han Chuntan , Song Yaoxuan , Liu Junfeng , Yang Yong , Liu Zhangwen , Wang Xiqiang , Liu Xiaojiao , Wang Lei , Zheng Qin
Published: October 2018

The fluxes of sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE), which are generally the important parts of the energy and mass balances over glacier surfaces, are widely quantified by the bulk method. However, due to the difficulty of determining the aerodynamic roughness length z0m in this method, H and LE values may still have large uncertainties with significant inaccuracy. To acquire reliable varying and intrinsic z0m values, new simpler parameterizations for z0m values at different ranges of the friction velocity u*b were fitted in this study. The method was implemented using the related meteorological data and glacial sublimation/condensation measured at the top of the August‐one glacier (4817 m asl) in the Qilian Mountains from 1 July 2016 to 15 August 2017. The parameterization shows that z0m increased sharply when u*b exceeded 0.43 m/s (the approximate threshold value) and that the effect of snowdrift was slight for the hourly z0m values in the range 0.15 ≤ u*b ≤ 0.43 m/s, which could thus be used to calculate the daily z0m. During the wet period (1 July to 24 September 2016 and 5 May to 15 August 2017), the turbulent fluxes calculated by the bulk method showed that net radiation Rnet was the primary source of surface energy (60.7 w/m2), whereas during the dry period (25 September 2016 to 4 May 2017), the main heat sink was the positive H (28.5 w/m2) rather than the negative Rnet (−10.0 w/m2).
Acute microglia ablation induces neurodegeneration in the somatosensory system
Authors: Rubino Stephen J. , Mayo Lior , Wimmer Isabella , Siedler Victoria , Brunner Florian , Hametner Simon , Madi Asaf , Lanser Amanda , Moreira Thais , Donnelly Dustin , Cox Laura , Rezende Rafael Machado , Butovsky Oleg , Lassmann Hans , Weiner Howard L.
Published: October 2018

Previous studies have reported that microglia depletion leads to impairment of synapse formation and these cells rapidly repopulate from CNS progenitors. However, the impact of microglia depletion and repopulation in the long-term state of the CNS environment has not been characterized. Here, we report that acute and synchronous microglia depletion and subsequent repopulation induces gray matter microgliosis, neuronal death in the somatosensory cortex and ataxia-like behavior. We find a type 1 interferon inflammatory signature in degenerating somatosensory cortex from microglia-depleted mice. Transcriptomic and mass cytometry analysis of repopulated microglia demonstrates an interferon regulatory factor 7-driven activation state. Minocycline and anti-IFNAR1 antibody treatment attenuate the CNS type 1 interferon-driven inflammation, restore microglia homeostasis and reduce ataxic behavior. Neither microglia depletion nor repopulation impact neuropathology or T-cell responses during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Together, we found that acute microglia ablation induces a type 1 interferon activation state of gray matter microglia associated with acute neurodegeneration.
Machine-learning the configurational energy of multicomponent crystalline solids
Authors: Natarajan Anirudh Raju , Van der Ven Anton
Published: October 2018

Machine learning tools such as neural networks and Gaussian process regression are increasingly being implemented in the development of atomistic potentials. Here, we develop a formalism to leverage such non-linear interpolation tools in describing properties dependent on occupation degrees of freedom in multicomponent solids. Symmetry-adapted cluster functions are used to differentiate distinct local orderings. These local features are used as input to neural networks that reproduce local properties such as the site energy. We apply the technique to reproduce a synthetic cluster expansion Hamiltonian with multi-body interactions, as well as the formation energies calculated from first-principles for the intercalation of lithium into TiS2. The formalism and results presented here show that complex multi-body interactions may be approximated by non-linear models involving smaller clusters.
Triciribine increases LDLR expression and LDL uptake through stabilization of LDLR mRNA
Authors: Bjune Katrine , Wierød Lene , Naderi Soheil
Published: October 2018

Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a key regulator of the metabolism of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the elevated levels of which are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, enhancing LDLR expression represents a potent treatment strategy for hypercholesterolemia. Here, we report that in cultured human hepatoma cells, triciribine, a highly selective AKT inhibitor, increases the stability of LDLR mRNA, an event that translates into upregulation of cell-surface LDLR levels and induction of cellular LDL uptake. This effect of triciribine requires ERK activity and is partially dependent on the intervening sequence between the AU-rich elements ARE3 and ARE4 in LDLR 3′UTR. We also show that triciribine downregulates the expression of PCSK9 mRNA and blunts the secretion of its protein. Notably, triciribine was found to potentiate the effect of mevastatin on LDLR protein levels and activity. We also show that primary human hepatocytes respond to triciribine by increasing the expression of LDLR. Furthermore, a pilot experiment with mice revealed that a two-weeks treatment with triciribine significantly induced the hepatic expression of LDLR protein. These results identify triciribine as a novel LDLR-elevating agent and warrant further examination of its potential as a hypocholesterolemic drug either as monotherapy or in combination with statins.
Relationship of common variants in VEGFA gene with osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A Han Chinese population based association study
Authors: Ma Wenlong , Xin Kun , Chen Ke , Tang Hongtao , Chen Honggan , Zhi Liqiang , Liu Hongliang
Published: October 2018

The pathology of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is complex. Several studies have linked some polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factors A (VEGFA) with ONFH, but the results are not consistent and are even conflicting. In the study, 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGFA were genotyped in 1,762 subjects (489 cases and 1,273 controls). Genetic association analyses were performed in single markers and haplotype levels. Stratification analysis was conducted for ONFH patients. Gene by environment interactions were tested between VEGFA and the smoking status of the subjects. Gene expression and eQTL data of significant SNPs were extracted from GTEx to examine their potential biological function. The SNP, rs2010963, was identified to be significantly associated with ONFH (χ2 = 11.66, P = 0.0006, OR = 1.29). Haplotypes including rs2010963 were also identified to be correlated with ONFH in the haplotype-based analyses. After stratifying by the causes of ONFH, a significant signal from rs2010963 could only be identified in alcohol-induced patients (Pallelic = 0.0009) but not in steroid-induced patients (Pallelic = 0.055). No significant results were obtained from the gene by environmental interaction analyses. Significant expression differences of VEGFA were identified in multiple human tissues for different genotypes of rs2010963. Our findings indicate that SNP rs2010963 is significantly associated with ONFH.
DNA barcodes of Antipode marine invertebrates in Bay of Biscay and Gulf of Lion ports suggest new biofouling challenges
Authors: Miralles L. , Ardura A. , Clusa L. , Garcia-Vazquez E.
Published: October 2018

Marine biological invasions threaten global biodiversity nowadays. In this article, we have studied fouling communities from 10 port areas of south Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) and Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean Sea). A total of 834 individuals were genetically barcoded and corresponded to 95 different species. A total of 76 native species 8 genera and 1 family were identified, 58 from the Bay of Biscay and 23 from the Gulf of Lion. Furthermore, 19 species were identified as non-indigenous or cryptogenic (18 from the Bay of Biscay and 4 from the Gulf of Lion). We found a high proportion of Antipode non-indigenous species (NIS) that represented the 19.3% of all sampled individuals and the 54.21% of NIS specimens of this study. A framework for inference of donor regions based on a phylogenetic screening of genetic sequences was proposed as a proof of concept and tested, as well as models for the relationship between NIS introductions, maritime imports and distance to NIS native range and inferred donor areas. Consistent generalized linear models (GLM) with positive association between NIS genetic diversity and distance, not with maritime growth weight imports, strongly suggest that distant NIS could pose higher invasion risk than closer species. Selection for wider tolerance ranges during the long travel –direct or stepwise, as well as environmental similarity between donor and receiving regions, may explain these results.
Experimental manipulation of monoamine levels alters personality in crickets
Authors: Abbey-Lee Robin N. , Uhrig Emily J. , Garnham Laura , Lundgren Kristoffer , Child Sarah , Løvlie Hanne
Published: October 2018

Animal personality has been described in a range of species with ecological and evolutionary consequences. Factors shaping and maintaining variation in personality are not fully understood, but monoaminergic systems are consistently linked to personality variation. We experimentally explored how personality was influenced by alterations in two key monoamine systems: dopamine and serotonin. This was done using ropinirole and fluoxetine, two common human pharmaceuticals. Using the Mediterranean field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus), we focused on the personality traits activity, exploration, and aggression, with confirmed repeatability in our study. Dopamine manipulations explained little variation in the personality traits investigated, while serotonin manipulation reduced both activity and aggression. Due to limited previous research, we created a dose-response curve for ropinirole, ranging from concentrations measured in surface waters to human therapeutic doses. No ropinirole dose level strongly influenced cricket personality, suggesting our results did not come from a dose mismatch. Our results indicate that the serotonergic system explains more variation in personality than manipulations of the dopaminergic system. Additionally, they suggest that monoamine systems differ across taxa, and confirm the importance of the mode of action of pharmaceuticals in determining their effects on behaviour.
Design of metalloproteins and novel protein folds using variational autoencoders
Authors: Greener Joe G. , Moffat Lewis , Jones David T
Published: October 2018

The design of novel proteins has many applications but remains an attritional process with success in isolated cases. Meanwhile, deep learning technologies have exploded in popularity in recent years and are increasingly applicable to biology due to the rise in available data. We attempt to link protein design and deep learning by using variational autoencoders to generate protein sequences conditioned on desired properties. Potential copper and calcium binding sites are added to non-metal binding proteins without human intervention and compared to a hidden Markov model. In another use case, a grammar of protein structures is developed and used to produce sequences for a novel protein topology. One candidate structure is found to be stable by molecular dynamics simulation. The ability of our model to confine the vast search space of protein sequences and to scale easily has the potential to assist in a variety of protein design tasks.
Fault Slip Rates and Seismic Moment Deficits on Major Faults in Ordos Constrained by GPS Observation
Authors: Huang Yilei , Wang Qingliang , Hao Ming , Zhou Shiyong
Published: October 2018

The Ordos Block, surrounded by numerous active faults, is a relatively rigid but dangerous area with many strong historical earthquakes. We derive the block rotation velocity and fault slip rates in this area by using GPS data recorded from 1999 to 2007 and implementing an elastic block model. Instead of assuming vertical faults, as did most previous studies in and around Ordos, we use an improved method to invert for the fault dip angles and construct a closed 3-D fault system in our inversion. The predicted slip rates range from <1 mm/yr to ~ 10 mm/yr. Our results are roughly consistent with geological and other geodetic observations. Using the estimated slip rates, we also calculate the cumulative seismic moment due to fault locking and the released moment from historical earthquake catalogues. A comparison of the two quantities indicates that the Hetao Rift has an unreleased seismic moment equal to a Mw7.9 earthquake, which is also indicated by frequent earthquakes above M6 after 1900.
Observations on spontaneous tumor formation in mice overexpressing mitotic kinesin Kif14
Authors: Sishtla Kamakshi , Pitt Natalie , Shadmand Mehdi , O’Hare Michael N. , Sulaiman Rania S. , Sinn Anthony L. , Condon Keith , Pollok Karen E. , Sandusky George E. , Corson Timothy W.
Published: October 2018

The KIF14 locus is gained and overexpressed in various malignancies, with prognostic relevance. Its protein product, a mitotic kinesin, accelerates growth of normal mammary epithelial cells in vitro and retinoblastoma tumours in a mouse model, while KIF14 knockdown blocks growth of brain, liver, ovarian, breast, prostate, and other tumour cells and xenografts. However, the tumour-initiating effects of Kif14 overexpression have not been studied. We aged a cohort of Kif14-overexpressing transgenic mice and wild-type littermates and documented survival, cause of death, and tumour burden. The Kif14 transgene was expressed in all tissues examined, and was associated with increased proliferation marker expression. Neither mouse weights nor overall survival differed between genotypes. However, Kif14 transgenic mice showed a higher incidence of fatal lymphomas (73 vs. 50%, p = 0.03, Fisher’s exact test), primarily follicular and diffuse B-cell lymphomas. Non-tumour findings included a bilateral ballooning degeneration of lens in 12% of Kif14 transgenic mice but no wild-type mice (p = 0.02). Overall, this work reveals a novel association of Kif14 overexpression with lymphoma but suggests that Kif14 does not have as prominent a role in initiating cancer in other cell types as it does in accelerating tumour development in response to other oncogenic insults.
Characterizing the “sweet spot” for the preservation of a T-cell line using osmolytes
Authors: Pi Chia-Hsing , Yu Guanglin , Petersen Ashley , Hubel Allison
Published: October 2018

This study examined the post-thaw recovery of Jurkat cells cryopreserved in single osmolyte solutions containing sucrose, glycerol or isoleucine, as well as in a combination of the three osmolytes. Cell response was determined using low temperature Raman Spectroscopy and variation in post-thaw recovery with composition was analyzed using statistical modeling. Post-thaw recovery of Jurkat cells in single osmolyte was low. A combination of the osmolytes displayed a non-linear relationship between composition and post-thaw recovery, suggesting that interactions exist between the different solutes. The post-thaw recovery for an optimized multicomponent solution was comparable to that observed using 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and a cooling rate of 1 °C/min. Statistical modeling was used to characterize the importance of each osmolyte in the combination and test for interactions between osmolytes. Higher concentrations of glycerol increase post-thaw recovery and interactions between sucrose and glycerol, as well as sucrose and isoleucine improve post-thaw recovery. Raman images clearly demonstrated that damaging intracellular ice formation was observed more often in the presence of single osmolytes as well as non-optimized multi-component solution compositions.
Deep eutectic-solvothermal synthesis of nanostructured Fe3S4 for electrochemical N2 fixation under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhao Xinhui , Lan Xue , Yu Dongkun , Fu Hui , Liu Zhimin , Mu Tiancheng
Published: October 2018

One-step solvothermal synthesis of metal sulfides by combining solvothermal synthesis and sulfuration processes. These sulfides show a high catalytic efficiency for nitrogen reduction reactions.
Remarkable similarity of force induced dsRNA conformational changes to stretched dsDNA and their detection using electrical measurements
Authors: Aggarwal Abhishek , Bag Saientan , Maiti Prabal K.
Published: October 2018

We show the emergence of S-RNA under stretching in analogy to S-DNA and propose a method for its detection using electrical measurement.
Relationship between water permeation and flip-flop motion in a bilayer membrane
Authors: Inokuchi Takuya , Arai Noriyoshi
Published: October 2018

We have investigated the effect of the flip-flop motion on the water permeation into the lipid membrane.
Reply to ‘Comment on “Angstrom-scale probing of paramagnetic centers location in nanodiamonds by 3He NMR at low temperatures”’ by A. Shames, V. Osipov and A. Panich, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2018, 20, DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03331e
Authors: Kuzmin Vyacheslav , Safiullin Kajum , Dolgorukov Gleb , Stanislavovas Andrey , Alakshin Egor , Yavkin Boris , Orlinskii Sergei , Klochkov Alexander , Tagirov Murat
Published: October 2018

In this reply we respond to recent comments of Shames et al.
H2O2/steam activation as an eco-friendly and efficient top-down approach to enhancing porosity on carbonaceous materials: the effect of inevitable oxygen functionalities on CO2 capture
Authors: Heo Young-Jung , Park Soo-Jin
Published: October 2018

Nanoporous materials have been developed as carbon dioxide (CO2)-capturing materials.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation and experimental investigation of boundary-driven streaming in surface acoustic wave microfluidics
Authors: Chen Chuyi , Zhang Steven Peiran , Mao Zhangming , Nama Nitesh , Gu Yuyang , Huang Po-Hsun , Jing Yun , Guo Xiasheng , Costanzo Francesco , Huang Tony Jun
Published: October 2018

We investigated the 3D acoustic streaming activated by the IDT immersed in the oil by experimental investigation and numerical simulation using the “slip velocity method”.
The critical role of hydroxyl groups in water vapor sensing of graphene oxide
Authors: Fatima Qawareer , Haidry Azhar Ali , Yao Zhengjun , He Yue , Li Zhong , Sun Linchao , Xie Lijuan
Published: October 2018

The present study provides a significant conceptual advance in graphene oxide based humidity sensors. It is found that sensor response is directly dependent on the amount of OH− groups. The proposed strategy to control OH− in this report can make significant impact on the development of future smart GO-based humidity sensors and should be applicable to other gases.
Cyclocondensation reactions of an electron deactivated 2-aminophenyl tethered imidazole with mono/1,2-biselectrophiles: synthesis and DFT studies on the rationalisation of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline versus benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazepine selectivity switches
Authors: Joshi Gaurav , Chauhan Monika , Kumar Rakesh , Thakur Ankush , Sharma Sachin , Singh Rajveer , Wani Aabid Abdullah , Sharon Ashoke , Bharatam Prasad V. , Kumar Raj
Published: October 2018

Microwave-assisted cyclocondensation of title compounds afforded unreported imidazo[1,2-a] quinoxaline and benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazepines in high yields.
Enzymatic synthesis of a thiolated chitosan-based wound dressing crosslinked with chicoric acid
Authors: Stefanov Ivaylo , Hinojosa-Caballero Dolores , Maspoch Santiago , Hoyo Javier , Tzanov Tzanko
Published: October 2018

This work describes the enzymatic synthesis of multifunctional hydrogels for chronic wound treatment using thiolated chitosan and the natural polyphenol chicoric acid.