bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM): Fundamentals and Applications in Life Sciences
Authors: Holzinger Angelika , Steinbach Charlotte , Kranz Christine
Published: October 2015

In recent years, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has made significant contributions to the life sciences. Innovative developments focusing on high-resolution imaging, developing novel operation modes, and combining SECM with complementary optical or scanning probe techniques renders SECM an attractive analytical approach. This chapter gives an introduction to the essential instrumentation and operation principles of SECM for studying biologically-relevant systems. Particular emphasis is given to applications aimed at imaging the activity of biochemical constituents such as enzymes, antibodies, and DNA, which play a pivotal role in biomedical diagnostics. Furthermore, the unique advantages of SECM and combined techniques for studying live cells is highlighted by discussion of selected examples.
Amperometric Ion Sensing Approaches at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces for Inorganic, Organic and Biological Ions
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Arrigan Damien W. M. , Karim Md. Nurul , Kim Hyerim
Published: October 2015

Electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) has become an invaluable tool for the selective and sensitive detection of cationic and anionic species, including charged drug molecules and proteins. In addition, neutral molecules can also be detected at the ITIES via enzymatic reactions. This chapter highlights recent developments towards creating a wide spectrum of sensing platforms involving ion transfer across the ITIES. As well as outlining the basic principles needed for performing these sensing applications, the development of ITIES-based detection strategies for inorganic, organic, and biological ions is discussed.
Specific interactions of leucine with disaccharides by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: application to rapid differentiation of disaccharide isomers in combination with statistical analysis
Authors: Yuan Hang , Ying Jianxi , Deng Peiran , Chen Peng , Shi Jinwen , Liu Yan , Gao Xiang , Zhao Yufen
Published: October 2015

The unique complexes of [2Dis + Leu + K]+were discovered and successfully applied for the discrimination of twelve disaccharide isomers using tandem mass spectrometry in combination with statistical analysis.
Electrochemical behavior of palmatine and its sensitive determination based on an electrochemically reduced l-methionine functionalized graphene oxide modified electrode
Authors: Qiao Wenhua , Wang Lu , Ye Baoxian , Li Gaiping , Li Jianjun
Published: October 2015

A new, sensitive voltammetric sensor for palmatine is reported, based on an electrochemically reduced l-methionine functionalized graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode (l-Met-ERGO/GCE).
Sensitive electrochemical immunoassay with signal enhancement based on nanogold-encapsulated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-stimulated hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Sun Ai-Li
Published: October 2015

A new electrochemical immunosensor with signal enhancement was designed for sensitive detection of disease-related protein (human carbohydrate antigen 19-9, CA 19-9 used in this case).
Sensitive electrochemical detection of copper ions based on the copper(ii) ion assisted etching of Au@Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Tianxiang , Xu Teng , Ma Zhanfang
Published: October 2015

A new sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of copper ions based on the copper ion assisted etching of Au@Ag nanoparticles was developed in this work.
Correction: Fluorescent metal ion chemosensors via cation exchange reactions of complexes, quantum dots, and metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Cheng Jinghui , Zhou Xiangge , Xiang Haifeng
Published: October 2015

Correction for ‘Fluorescent metal ion chemosensors via cation exchange reactions of complexes, quantum dots, and metal–organic frameworks’ by Jinghui Cheng, et al., Analyst, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5an01398d.
Application of a supramolecular solvent as the carrier for ferrofluid based liquid-phase microextraction for spectrofluorimetric determination of levofloxacin in biological samples
Authors: Shamsipur Mojtaba , Zohrabi Parvin , Hashemi Mahdi
Published: October 2015

The proposed method focuses on the application of a supramolecular solvent as the carrier for ferrofluid based microextraction coupled to spectrofluorimetry for the determination of levofloxacin in biological samples.
The power laws of nanoscale forces under ambient conditions
Authors: Lai Chia-Yun , Olukan Tuza , Santos Sergio , Al Ghaferi Amal , Chiesa Matteo
Published: October 2015

We report a power law derived from experimental atomic force microscopy (AFM) data suggesting a nano to mesoscale transition in force–distance dependencies.
Plasmonic multi-shell nanomatryoshka particles as highly tunable SERS tags with built-in reporters
Authors: Lin Li , Gu Hongchen , Ye Jian
Published: October 2015

Multi-shell nanomatryoshka SERS tags with built-in reporters have highly tunable Raman intensities and spectral bands and show great potential for biosensing and bioimaging.
N and S co-doped porous carbon spheres prepared using l-cysteine as a dual functional agent for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Niu Shuzhang , Lv Wei , Zhou Guangmin , He Yanbing , Li Baohua , Yang Quan-Hong , Kang Feiyu
Published: October 2015

N and S co-doped porous carbon microspheres (NS-PCSs) prepared by using a dual functional agent, l-cysteine, show outstanding electrochemical performance in lithium sulfur batteries.
Synergetic effect enhanced photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Jia Jingchun , Zhang Jie , Wang Fangfang , Han Lianhuan , Zhou Jian-Zhang , Mao Bing-Wei , Zhan Dongping
Published: October 2015

We report synergetic effect enhanced photoelectrocatalysis, in which Fe3+ and Br− are used as the acceptors of photogenerated charges on TiO2 nanoparticles.
Anion exchange in ionic liquid mixtures
Authors: Cha Seoncheol , Kim Doseok
Published: October 2015

Anion exchange in ionic liquid mixtures measured by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Quantum chemical MP2 results on some hydrates of cytosine: binding sites, energies and the first hydration shell
Authors: Fogarasi Géza , Szalay Péter G.
Published: October 2015

A detailed quantum chemical investigation was undertaken to obtain the structure and energetics of cytosine hydrates Cyt·nH2O, with n = 1 to 7 based on MP2(fc)/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations.
Enhanced stability of Zn2SnO4 with N719, N3 and eosin Y dye molecules for DSSC application
Authors: Pratim Das Partha , Roy Anurag , Das Sumita , Devi Parukuttyamma Sujatha
Published: October 2015

We have studied the interaction of N3, N719 and eosin Y photosensitizers with Zn2SnO4 and established its better stability compared to ZnO.
Formation constants of copper(i) complexes with cysteine, penicillamine and glutathione: implications for copper speciation in the human eye
Authors: Königsberger Lan-Chi , Königsberger Erich , Hefter Glenn , May Peter M.
Published: October 2015

Speciation modelling incorporating redox equilibria provides a plausible explanation for copper deposition in the human eye associated with Wilson's disease.
Facile preparation of hyaluronic acid and transferrin co-modified Fe3O4nanoparticles with inherent biocompatibility for dual-targeting magnetic resonance imaging of tumors in vivo
Authors: Pan Jinbin , Sun Shao-Kai , Wang Yaqiong , Fu Yan-Yan , Zhang Xuejun , Zhang Yi , Yu Chunshui
Published: October 2015

A biocompatible and sensitive dual-targeting Fe3O4nanoprobe co-modified with biosafe hyaluronic acid and transferrin was developed for tumor-targeted MR imaging.
Approaches to prepare perfluoroalkyl and pentafluorophenyl copper couples for cross-coupling reactions with organohalogen compounds
Authors: Kremlev Mikhail M. , Mushta Aleksej I. , Tyrra Wieland , Yagupolskii Yurii L. , Naumann Dieter , Schäfer Mathias
Published: October 2015

Synthesis of perfluoroorgano copper lithium and silver couples.
Microtubule targeted therapeutics loaded polymeric assembled nanospheres for potentiation of antineoplastic activity
Authors: Poojari Radhika , Srivastava Rohit , Panda Dulal
Published: October 2015

Polymeric nanoassemblies represent an attractive strategy for efficient cellular internalization of microtubule targeted anticancer drugs. Using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the physical properties and surface morphology of microtubule-binding PEGylated PLGA assembled nanospheres (100–200 nm) were analyzed. The present approach leads to strong internalization as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in hepatocarcinoma cells. The effect of these nanoassemblies on microtubules and mitosis were explored using immunofluorescence microscopy. The effects of these nanoassemblies on cancer cell proliferation and cell death revealed their antitumor enhancing effects. Perturbation of the microtubule assembly, mitosis and nuclear modulations potentiated the antineoplastic effects delivered via nanospheres in hepatocarcinoma cells. The extensive biomolecular and physical characterizations of the synthesized nanoassemblies will help to design potent therapeutic materials and the present approach can be applied to deliver microtubule-targeted drugs for liver cancer therapy.
In vitro starch digestibility and in vivo glycemic response of foxtail millet and its products
Authors: Ren Xin , Chen Jing , Molla Mohammad Mainuddin , Wang Chao , Diao Xianmin , Shen Qun
Published: October 2015

Foxtail millet, as a leading variety in arid and semi-arid areas of Asia and Africa, can provide broad potential benefits to human health.
Niobate nanoscroll composite with Fe2O3particles under moderate conditions: assembly and application research
Authors: Li Dewei , Li Qingjie , He Jie , Hu Lifang , Hu Jinsong
Published: October 2015

Fe2O3nanoparticles are crosslinked to the niobate nanoscroll surface by association with terminal Nb–OH groups.
Surface plasmon effect of carbon nanodots
Authors: Guo Deng-Yang , Shan Chong-Xin , Liu Kai-Kai , Lou Qing , Shen De-Zhen
Published: October 2015

Carbon nanodots have been prepared, and they can be employed to enhance the fluorescence of ZnO quantum dots, and the enhancement can be attributed to the surface plasmon effect of the nanodots.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed annulation of arenes with alkynes assisted by an internal oxidizing N–O bond
Authors: Qi Zisong , Tang Guo-Dong , Pan Cheng-Ling , Li Xingwei
Published: October 2015

Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation of 3-aryl-dihydroisoxazoles in the coupling with diarylacetylenes has been developed under redox-neutral conditions.
Straightforward synthesis and catalytic applications of rigid N,O-type calixarene ligands
Authors: Rawat Varun , Press Konstantin , Goldberg Israel , Vigalok Arkadi
Published: October 2015

Here, we report a simple one-step access to new rigid N,O-calixarene ligands which is based on copper-catalized amination at the lower rim. We also present their main group and late transition metal complexes which show superior catalytic activity, in several organic transformations, compared with known metal calixarene complexes.
Cross-strand disulfides in the non-hydrogen bonding site of antiparallel β-sheet (aCSDns): poised for biological switching
Authors: Haworth Naomi L. , Wouters Merridee A.
Published: October 2015

aCSDns are forbidden disulfides with protein redox-activity. Within the aCSDn structural motif, a cognate substrate of Trx-like enzymes, the disulfide bonds are strained and metastable, facilitating their role as redox-regulated protein switches.
Folic acid-conjugated BSA nanocapsule (n-BSA–FA) for cancer targeted radiotherapy and imaging
Authors: Liang Sheng , Jin Xin , Ma Yufei , Guo Jun , Wang Hui
Published: October 2015

New carrier systems have generated new opportunities to deliver drugs to specific targets.
β-Cyclodextrin modified graphene oxide–magnetic nanocomposite for targeted delivery and pH-sensitive release of stereoisomeric anti-cancer drugs
Authors: Wang Congli , Li Bo , Niu Weifen , Hong Shasha , Saif Bassam , Wang Songbai , Dong Chuan , Shuang Shaomin
Published: October 2015

β-Cyclodextrin modified graphene oxide–magnetic (MGC) nanocomposite as an innovative drug carrier was the first to be developed via an effective layer-by-layer-assembly method.
Changes in in-plane electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS thin films due to electric field induced dipolar reorientation
Authors: Mahajan Mrunal S. , Marathe D. M. , Ghosh Sanjay S. , Ganesan V. , Sali Jaydeep V.
Published: October 2015

A model, based on induced reorientation of PEDOT:PSS chains due to electric field interaction with electric dipoles of the chains, has been proposed to explain observed resistivity switching and anisotropic in-plane conductivity in PEDOT:PSS films.
Preparation of temperature sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer coatings on nickel foam for determination of ofloxacin in Yellow River water by solid-phase microextraction
Authors: Guan Xiujuan , Zhu Xinyue , Yu Bianfei , Zhao Tong , Zhang Haixia
Published: October 2015

A new ofloxacin-templated MIP on nickel foam was investigated for the determination of antibiotics in river water.
Performance of Al–1Mg–1Zn–0.1Bi–0.02In as anode for the Al–AgO battery
Authors: Moghanni-Bavil-Olyaei Hamed , Arjomandi Jalal
Published: October 2015

In this study, an Al–AgO battery based on Al and Al–1Mg–1Zn–0.1Bi–0.02In (wt%) was prepared and the battery performance was investigated by a constant current discharge test in 4 M NaOH and 7 M KOH solutions.
Large scale poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene)/TiO2hybrid nanofibrous filters with efficient fine particle filtration and repetitive-use performance
Authors: Liu Ke , Xiao Zuan , Ma Pengfei , Chen Jiahui , Li Mufang , Liu Qiongzhen , Wang Yuedan , Wang Dong
Published: October 2015

A high-yielding nanofiber-based filtration material with excellent performance was developed and provides a promising way to control the severe air pollution at present.
Pyridine derivatives; new efficient additives in bromide/tribromide electrolyte for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Bagheri Omid , Dehghani Hossein , Afrooz Malihe
Published: October 2015

Propyl isonicotinate (PIN) and isopropyl isonicotinate (IPIN), have been synthesized through a simple and low cost method and for the first time, they have been applied as effective additives in bromide/tibromide electrolyte in DSSC.
Structures and bonding of auropolyboroenes [Au2(B4)xB3]−, [Au2(B4)xB2]2− and [Au2(B4)xB]+ (x = 2, 3): comparison with dihydride polyboroenes
Authors: Shao Peng , Ding Li-Ping , Lu Cheng , Cai Jiang-Tao , Liu Bo , Sun Chang-Bo
Published: October 2015

Equilibrium structures of auropolyboroenes [Au2(B4)xB3]−, [Au2(B4)xB2]2− and [Au2(B4)xB]+ (x = 2, 3) are obtained from density functional theory-based calculations.
Graphene oxide-assisted preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide nanofibers with high carbon content by electrospinning technology
Authors: Yao Song , Li Yanbao , Zhou Zhihang , Yan Haichen
Published: October 2015

Electrospun PVA/RGO/MWCNT nanofibers with high carbon content preparedviaa well-dispersed MWCNT/PVA solution with a assistance of GO have a relatively high electrical conductivity.
Design of a polypyrrole MIP-SAW sensor for selective detection of flumequine in aqueous media. Correlation between experimental results and DFT calculations
Authors: Ktari N. , Fourati N. , Zerrouki C. , Ruan M. , Seydou M. , Barbaut F. , Nal F. , Yaakoubi N. , Chehimi M. M. , Kalfat R.
Published: October 2015

A shear horizontal surface acoustic wave sensor (SH-SAW) operating at 104 MHz was functionalized with a polypyrrole (PPy) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for selective detection of flumequine (FLU) in aqueous media.
Nanostructured hexahedron of bismuth ferrite clusters: delicate synthesis processes and an efficient multiplex catalyst for organic pollutant degradation
Authors: Hu Zhong-Ting , Lua Shun Kuang , Yan Xiaoli , Lim Teik-Thye
Published: October 2015

(1) Synthesis: an evolution mechanism of NSCC-Bi2Fe4O9viaa delicate synthesis processes; (2) application: visible-light photo-Fenton oxidation for organic pollutant removal and (3) multiplex catalysis: its catalytic mechanism in light or dark conditions.
Interaction of chitosan beads with a copper–naproxen metallodrug
Authors: de J. Martins Douglas , Hanif-Ur-Rehman Hanif-Ur-Rehman , Alves Rico Samara R. , de M. Costa Iguatinã , Pio Santos Andrea C. , Szszudlowski Rachel G. , de Oliveira Silva Denise
Published: October 2015

A new hybrid material resulting from the interaction of chitosan beads with a copper–naproxen metallodrug was prepared and characterized. The Acrycoat-coated beads were investigated for release behavior in gastric/intestinal pH simulated solutions.
Amyloid fibrils as rapid and efficient nano-biosorbents for removal of dye pollutants
Authors: Leung Wai-Hong , Lo Wai-Hung , Chan Pak-Ho
Published: October 2015

Amyloid fibrils: promising nano-biosorbents for removing dye pollutants. These protein nanofibers have special structures with exposed net +/−charges and hydrophobic regions for rapid and efficient adsorption of various dyes.
Low temperature, shape-selective formation of Sb2Te3 nanomaterials and their thermoelectric applications
Authors: Nithiyanantham U. , Ede Sivasankara Rao , Ozaydin M. Fevzi , Liang Hong , Rathishkumar A. , Kundu Subrata
Published: October 2015

Thermoelectric properties of shape-selective Sb2Te3 nanomaterials which synthesized at a low temperature within a short reaction time have been reported.
Preparation of a reduced graphene oxide/zirconia nanocomposite and its application as a novel lubricant oil additive
Authors: Zhou Qi , Huang Jingxia , Wang Jinqing , Yang Zhigang , Liu Sheng , Wang Zhaofeng , Yang Shengrong
Published: October 2015

A schematic view for the formation of a rGO/ZrO2 nanocomposite in a hydrothermal reaction.
π–π interactions mediated self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into single crystalline superlattices in solution
Authors: Wang FuKe , Akimov Yuriy A. , Khoo Eng Huat , He Chaobin
Published: October 2015

Self-assembly of colloidal gold nanoparticles employing π–π interactions in solution is studied. It is shown that capping ligand exchange with aromatic thiols results in formation of 3D single crystalline superlattices with long-range ordering.
CuO/I2-mediated intramolecular annulation for the synthesis of 2-aroyl-3-hydroxy-4-iodonaphthalenes
Authors: Cai Qun , Yang Yan , Li Deng-Kui , Jia Feng-Cheng , Xu Cheng , Wu An-Xin
Published: October 2015

A novel method for the direct synthesis of 2-aroyl-3-hydroxy-4-iodonaphthalenes has been developed via CuO/I2-mediated domino reactions.
Au-loaded porous graphitic C3N4/graphene layered composite as a ternary plasmonic photocatalyst and its visible-light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Xue Jinjuan , Ma Shuaishuai , Zhou Yuming , Wang Qianli
Published: October 2015

A novel ternary plasmonic photocatalyst, Au-loaded porous graphitic C3N4/graphene layered composite (Au/pg-C3N4/GR), was fabricated by a facile sonication-photodeposition technique.
Constructing pendent imidazolium-based poly(phenylene oxide)s for anion exchange membranes using a click reaction
Authors: Wang Jie , Wei Haibing , Yang Shanzhong , Fang Huagao , Xu Pei , Ding Yunsheng
Published: October 2015

PPO-based anion exchange membranes with a “side-chain-type” structure of pendent imidazolium cations were prepared by a click reaction between azidomethylated PPO and a novel alkyne-containing imidazolium.
Metal free synthesis of 2,4-diarylquinoline derivatives with enamides and imines
Authors: Li Yamin , Zhou Xiaoqiang , Wu Zhaoyang , Cao Jinhui , Ma Chaowei , He Yongqin , Huang Guosheng
Published: October 2015

A simple and efficient way to construct quinoline derivatives using enamides and imines in metal free condition.
Structure–property relationships of antibacterial amphiphilic polymers derived from 2-aminoethyl acrylate
Authors: Punia Ashish , Debata Priya R. , Banerjee Probal , Yang Nan-Loh
Published: October 2015

The effects of variation in the topographical position of the cationic center and hydrophobic segments on the antibacterial and hemolytic activities of polyacrylates.
A hybrid gel of hypergravity prepared NiO and polyaniline as Li-ion battery anodes
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Liang Meiying , Liu Xinhua , Zhao Fei , Wang Baofeng , Li Wenjun , Wang Qigang
Published: October 2015

This paper reports a mild preparation of NiO/PANI gel as a Li-ion battery anode, which exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance and cycle stability.
Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of curcumin with enhanced solubility and bioavailability using a new semi-synthetic bicephalous heterolipid: in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Dhumal Dinesh M. , Kothari Priya R. , Kalhapure Rahul S. , Akamanchi Krishnacharya G.
Published: October 2015

Curcumin SMEDDS from heterolipid E1E.
A novel third-generation xanthine biosensor with enzyme modified glassy carbon electrode using electrodeposited MWCNT and nanogold polymer composite film
Authors: Sen Sarani , Sarkar Priyabrata
Published: October 2015

A new design of xanthine biosensor with novel nanogold decorated poly(o-phenylenediamine) film and functionalized MWCNT having excellent sensitivity, stability and detection limit.
Effect of electrolytes on the microstructure and yielding of aqueous dispersions of colloidal clay
Authors: Ali Samim , Bandyopadhyay Ranjini
Published: October 2015

A combination of rheological, electroacoustics and cryo-SEM measurements is used to understand the link between the microscopic structures of clay mineral gels and their yielding and stability behaviours.
Facilely assess the soluble behaviour of the β-nucleating agent by gradient temperature field for the construction of heterogeneous crystalline-frameworks in iPP
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Wang Gang , Zhang Mengwei , Wang Ke , Fu Qiang
Published: October 2015

The transformation from “sensitive” to “insensitive” might be referred to completely dissolve NA.
CeOx-modified RhNi nanoparticles grown on rGO as highly efficient catalysts for complete hydrogen generation from hydrazine borane and hydrazine
Authors: Zhang Zhujun , Lu Zhang-Hui , Tan Hongliang , Chen Xiangshu , Yao Qilu
Published: October 2015

Amorphous CeOx-doped Rh-Ni NPs grown on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets have been used as highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for complete hydrogen generation from aqueous solution of N2H4BH3or N2H4.
Plug and play synthesis of an organic/inorganic hybrid electrode with adjustable porosity: redox-active organosilica confined in mesoporous carbon
Authors: Luka M. , Karreman S. , Polarz S.
Published: October 2015

A hybrid, supercapacitor electrode with adjustable porosity was obtained via preparation of a redox-active organosilica in mesoporous carbon hosts.
Three-dimensional hard carbon matrix for sodium-ion battery anode with superior-rate performance and ultralong cycle life
Authors: Yuan Zhengqiu , Si Lulu , Zhu Xiaobo
Published: October 2015

A three-dimensional (3D) hard carbon matrix (3DHCM) derived from sodium polyacrylate precursor was achieved, delivering a superior-rate performance and ultralong cycle life performance, and sodium-ion full cell properties.
Heparin-based temperature-sensitive injectable hydrogels for protein delivery
Authors: Sim Hye Jin , Thambi Thavasyappan , Lee Doo Sung
Published: October 2015

Polysaccharide-based biodegradable, biocompatible and temperature-sensitive injectable hydrogels have been developed for the sustained delivery of proteins.
Spin-phonon coupling and high-temperature phase transition in multiferroic material YMnO3
Authors: Gupta Mayanak Kumar , Mittal Ranjan , Zbiri Mohamed , Sharma Neetika , Rols Stephane , Schober Helmut , Chaplot Samrath Lal
Published: October 2015

The comparison of the experimental and first-principles calculated phonon spectra highlights unambiguously a spin-phonon coupling in YMnO3.
Ultralow-threshold up-converted lasing in oligofluorenes with tailored strong nonlinear absorption
Authors: Guzelturk Burak , Kanibolotsky Alexander L. , Orofino-Pena Clara , Laurand Nicolas , Dawson Martin D. , Skabara Peter J. , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: October 2015

A frequency up-converted laser using star-shaped oligomers based on the truxene-core is demonstrated with an ultra-low threshold of 3.1 mJ cm−2.
Highly luminescent perovskite–aluminum oxide composites
Authors: Longo Giulia , Pertegás Antonio , Martínez-Sarti Laura , Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J.
Published: October 2015

In this communication we report on the preparation of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite/Al2O3 nanoparticle composites in a thin film configuration and demonstrate their high photoluminescence quantum yield.
Tuning the efficiency of multi-step energy transfer in a host–guest antenna system based on a chalcogenide semiconductor zeolite through acidification and solvation of guests
Authors: Hu Dan-Dan , Wang Le , Lin Jian , Bu Fei , Wu Tao
Published: October 2015

We report the tuning of energy transfer efficiency through acidification and solvation of guest molecules in a chalcogenide-based host–guest system.
Synthesis of novel nonlinear optical chromophores: achieving excellent electro-optic activity by introducing benzene derivative isolation groups into the bridge
Authors: Hu Chaolei , Liu Fenggang , Zhang Hua , Huo Fuyang , Yang Yuhui , Wang Haoran , Xiao Hongyan , Chen Zhuo , Liu Jialei , Qiu Ling , Zhen Zhen , Liu Xinhou , Bo Shuhui
Published: October 2015

Introducing benzene derivative isolation groups into the π-bridge improved the EO coefficient (r33) greatly.
Correction: Roll-to-roll infrared (IR) drying and sintering of an inkjet-printed silver nanoparticle ink within 1 second
Authors: Sowade Enrico , Kang Hyunkyoo , Mitra Kalyan Y. , Weiß Oliver J. , Weber Jürgen , Baumann Reinhard R.
Published: October 2015

Correction for ‘Roll-to-roll infrared (IR) drying and sintering of an inkjet-printed silver nanoparticle ink within 1 second’ by Enrico Sowade et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5tc02291f.
“In spite of the death of God”: Gabriel Vahanian’s secular theology
Authors: Grimshaw Mike
Published: October 2015

What if secularity is a theological condition? What if secularity is the theological and societal experience of both biblical religion and the death of God? Beginning with The Death of God (1961), for half a century Gabriel Vahanian (1927–2012) developed a theory of secularity expressed as a distinctly theological saeculum: the shared world of human experience. Vahanian’s saeculum was positioned against what he identified as an “idolatrous concern about secular matters” (196) that resulted in “the idolization of religion” (196) expressed in technological religiosity representing “an unmistakable abdication of faith to reason—or unreason” (197). As outlined in No Other God (1966), Vahanian’s concern was with atheistic theologies that took the death of God and in his view denied it, “by sublimating it into a newfangled soeteriological concept” (4). Vahanian’s theological saeculum gives rise to a radical secular theology that begins in an iconoclasm of the self, includes an iconoclasm of the culture in which one finds oneself, and continually seeks a way to restate the biblical tradition into a post-Christian world. In his last book, Theopoetics of the Word (2014), Vahanian wrote, “You do theology not against the background of the death of God but in spite of it” (121). I have taken this as the epigraph for the discussion that follows. In this I write a radical secular theology via Vahanian’s Praise of the Secular, guided by my approach I term an annotative hermeneutics that arises from an engagement with the weak thought of the Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo. The radical, secular theology that follows occurs against the background of the death of God, the death of God announced by Nietzsche and the death of God so thoughtfully, so faithfully, traversed by Vahanian. It is a secular theology of annotative hermeneutics that arises from Vahanian but is not Vahanian’s. Rather it is where Vahanian’s secular theology may lead us. This paper is published as part of a thematic collection dedicated to radical theologies.
Rigorous force field optimization principles based on statistical distance minimization
Authors: Vlcek Lukas , Chialvo Ariel A.
Published: October 2015

We use the concept of statistical distance to define a measure of distinguishability between a pair of statistical mechanical systems, i.e., a model and its target, and show that its minimization leads to general convergence of the model’s static measurable properties to those of the target. We exploit this feature to define a rigorous basis for the development of accurate and robust effective molecular force fields that are inherently compatible with coarse-grained experimental data. The new model optimization principles and their efficient implementation are illustrated through selected examples, whose outcome demonstrates the higher robustness and predictive accuracy of the approach compared to other currently used methods, such as force matching and relative entropy minimization. We also discuss relations between the newly developed principles and established thermodynamic concepts, which include the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality and the thermodynamic length.
Effect of thermionic cathode heating current self-magnetic field on gaseous plasma generator characteristics
Authors: Lopatin I. V. , Akhmadeev Yu. H. , Koval N. N.
Published: October 2015

The performance capabilities of the PINK, a plasma generator with a thermionic cathode mounted in the cavity of a hollow cathode, depending for its operation on a non-self-sustained low-pressure gas discharge have been investigated. It has been shown that when a single-filament tungsten cathode 2 mm in diameter is used and the peak filament current is equal to or higher than 100 A, the self-magnetic field of the filament current significantly affects the discharge current and voltage waveforms. This effect is due to changes in the time and space distributions of the emission current density from the hot cathode. When the electron mean free path is close to the characteristic dimensions of the thermionic cathode, the synthesized plasma density distribution is nonuniform and the cathode is etched nonuniformly. The cathode lifetime in this case is 8–12 h. Using a cathode consisting of several parallel-connected tungsten filaments ∼0.8 mm in diameter moderates the effect of the self-magnetic field of the filament current and nearly doubles the cathode lifetime. The use of this type of cathode together with a discharge igniting electrode reduces the minimum operating pressure in the plasma generator to about one third of that required for the generator operation with a single-filament cathode (to 0.04 Pa).
Halo current diagnostic system of experimental advanced superconducting tokamak
Authors: Chen D. L. , Shen B. , Granetz R. S. , Sun Y. , Qian J. P. , Wang Y. , Xiao B. J.
Published: October 2015

The design, calibration, and installation of disruption halo current sensors for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak are described in this article. All the sensors are Rogowski coils that surround conducting structures, and all the signals are analog integrated. Coils with two different cross-section sizes have been fabricated, and their mutual inductances are calibrated. Sensors have been installed to measure halo currents in several different parts of both the upper divertor (tungsten) and lower divertor (graphite) at several toroidal locations. Initial measurements from disruptions show that the halo current diagnostics are working well.
On the dynamics of ocean ambient noise: Two decades later
Authors: Siddagangaiah Shashidhar , Li Yaan , Guo Xijing , Yang Kunde
Published: October 2015

Two decades ago, it was shown that ambient noise exhibits low dimensional chaotic behavior. Recent new techniques in nonlinear science can effectively detect the underlying dynamics in noisy time series. In this paper, the presence of low dimensional deterministic dynamics in ambient noise is investigated using diverse nonlinear techniques, including correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponent, nonlinear prediction, and entropy based methods. The consistent interpretation of different methods demonstrates that ambient noise can be best modeled as nonlinear stochastic dynamics, thus rejecting the hypothesis of low dimensional chaotic behavior. The ambient noise data utilized in this study are of duration 60 s measured at South China Sea.
Rotational constants and structure of para-difluorobenzene determined by femtosecond Raman coherence spectroscopy: A new transient type
Authors: Den Takuya , Frey Hans-Martin , Felker Peter M. , Leutwyler Samuel
Published: October 2015

Femtosecond Raman rotational coherence spectroscopy (RCS) detected by degenerate four-wave mixing is a background-free method that allows to determine accurate gas-phase rotational constants of non-polar molecules. Raman RCS has so far mostly been applied to the regular coherence patterns of symmetric-top molecules, while its application to nonpolar asymmetric tops has been hampered by the large number of RCS transient types, the resulting variability of the RCS patterns, and the 103–104 times larger computational effort to simulate and fit rotational Raman RCS transients. We present the rotational Raman RCS spectra of the nonpolar asymmetric top 1,4-difluorobenzene (para-difluorobenzene, p-DFB) measured in a pulsed Ar supersonic jet and in a gas cell over delay times up to ∼2.5 ns. p-DFB exhibits rotational Raman transitions with ΔJ = 0, 1, 2 and ΔK = 0, 2, leading to the observation of J −, K −, A −, and C–type transients, as well as a novel transient (S–type) that has not been characterized so far. The jet and gas cell RCS measurements were fully analyzed and yield the ground-state (v = 0) rotational constants A0 = 5637.68(20) MHz, B0 = 1428.23(37) MHz, and C0 = 1138.90(48) MHz (1σ uncertainties). Combining the A0, B0, and C0 constants with coupled-cluster with single-, double- and perturbatively corrected triple-excitation calculations using large basis sets allows to determine the semi-experimental equilibrium bond lengths re(C1–C2) = 1.3849(4) Å, re(C2–C3) = 1.3917(4) Å, re(C–F) = 1.3422(3) Å, and re(C2–H2) = 1.0791(5) Å.
Ultra-broadband and compact polarization splitter based on gold filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Khaleque Abdul , Hattori Haroldo T.
Published: October 2015

A polarization splitter based on gold filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber (DC-PCF) that can work from 1420 nm to 1980 nm (560 nm bandwidth) is proposed in this work. The splitter has an extinction ratio lower than −20 dB over a large bandwidth with a total length of 254.6 μm. The key principle of operation of the splitter is the induced change in the refractive index of the y-odd mode when it is coupled to the second order plasmonic mode, while other supermodes are weakly affected by the plasmonic mode. The proposed broadband and compact polarization splitter may find applications in communications and sensing, being capable of working in the infrared and mid-infrared wavelength ranges.
Characterization of magnetic tunnel junction test pads
Authors: Østerberg Frederik Westergaard , Kjær Daniel , Nielsen Peter Folmer , Hansen Ole , Petersen Dirch Hjorth
Published: October 2015

We show experimentally as well as theoretically that patterned magnetic tunnel junctions can be characterized using the current-in-plane tunneling (CIPT) method, and the key parameters, the resistance-area product (RA) and the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR), can be determined. The CIPT method relies on four-point probe measurements performed with a range of different probe pitches and was originally developed for infinite samples. Using the method of images, we derive a modified CIPT model, which compensates for the insulating boundaries of a finite rectangular sample geometry. We measure on square tunnel junction pads with varying sizes and analyze the measured data using both the original and the modified CIPT model. Thus, we determine in which sample size range the modified CIPT model is needed to ensure validity of the extracted sample parameters, RA and TMR. In addition, measurements as a function of position on a square tunnel junction pad are used to investigate the sensitivity of the measurement results to probe misalignment.
The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves through plasma in the near-field region of low-frequency loop antenna
Authors: Liu DongLin , Li XiaoPing , Xie Kai , Liu ZhiWei
Published: October 2015

A high-speed vehicle flying through the atmosphere between 100 and 20 km may suffer from a “communication blackout.” In this paper, a low frequency system with an on-board loop antenna to receive signals is presented as a potential blackout mitigation method. Because the plasma sheath is in the near-field region of the loop antenna, the traditional scattering matrix method that is developed for the far-field region may overestimate the electromagnetic (EM) wave's attenuation. To estimate the EM wave's attenuation in the near-field region, EM interference (EMI) shielding theory is introduced. Experiments are conducted, and the results verify the EMI shielding theory's effectiveness. Simulations are also conducted with different plasma parameters, and the results obtained show that the EM wave's attenuation in the near-field region is far below than that in the far-field region. The EM wave's attenuation increases with the increase in electron density and decreases with the increase in collision frequency. The higher the frequency, the larger is the EM wave's attenuation. During the entire re-entry phase of a RAM-C module, the EM wave's attenuations are below 10 dB for EM waves with a frequency of 1 MHz and below 1 dB for EM waves with a frequency of 100 kHz. Therefore, the low frequency systems (e.g., Loran-C) may provide a way to transmit some key information to high-speed vehicles even during the communication “blackout” period.
High-flux low-divergence positron beam generation from ultra-intense laser irradiated a tapered hollow target
Authors: Liu Jian-Xun , Ma Yan-Yun , Zhao Jun , Yu Tong-Pu , Yang Xiao-Hu , Gan Long-Fei , Zhang Guo-Bo , Yan Jian-Feng , Zhuo Hong-Bin , Liu Jin-Jin , Zhao Yuan , Kawata Shigeo
Published: October 2015

By using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate high-flux dense positrons generation by irradiating an ultra-intense laser pulse onto a tapered hollow target. By using a laser with an intensity of 4 × 1023 W/cm2, it is shown that the Breit-Wheeler process dominates the positron production during the laser-target interaction and a positron beam with a total number >1015 is obtained, which is increased by five orders of magnitude than in the previous work at the same laser intensity. Due to the focusing effect of the transverse electric fields formed in the hollow cone wall, the divergence angle of the positron beam effectively decreases to ∼15° with an effective temperature of ∼674 MeV. When the laser intensity is doubled, both the positron flux (>1016) and temperature (963 MeV) increase, while the divergence angle gets smaller (∼13°). The obtained high-flux low-divergence positron beam may have diverse applications in science, medicine, and engineering.
Intrinsic leakage and adsorption currents associated with the electrocaloric effect in multilayer capacitors
Authors: Quintero M. , Gaztañaga P. , Irurzun I.
Published: October 2015

During the last few years, the increasing demand of energy for refrigeration applications has relived the interest of the scientific community in the study of alternative methods to the traditional gas-based refrigeration. Within this framework, the use of solid state refrigeration based on the electrocaloric effect reveals itself as one of the most promising technologies. In this work, we analyze how the temperature change associated with the electrocaloric effect shows a correlation with the electrical properties of a commercial multilayer capacitor. In that sense, we established a clear relation between the adsorption currents and the temperature change produced by the electrocaloric effect. Additionally, intrinsic leakage currents are responsible for the sample heating due to the Joule effect. These well distinguished contributions can be useful during the design of solid state refrigeration devices based on the electrocaloric effect.
Does natural organic matter increase the bioavailability of cerium dioxide nanoparticles to fish?
Authors: Goodhead Rhys M. , Johnston Blair D. , Cole Paula A. , Baalousha Mohammed , Hodgson David , Iguchi Taisen , Lead Jamie R. , Tyler Charles R.
Published: October 2015

Environmental context
Nanoparticles are present in growing volumes of consumer products and are suspected to be released into the environment at detectable levels. We focus on cerium dioxide nanoparticles and investigate their availability to fish from the water column, where we found increasing concentrations of natural organic material increased the ceria measured in the fish gills. This complex interaction between nanoparticle behaviour and uptake from environmentally relevant test systems is significantly understudied.

Abstract
Natural organic colloids affect the fate and behaviour of nanoparticles in the aquatic environment but how these interactions affect the bioavailability of nanoparticles to organisms is a major knowledge gap in risk-assessment analysis. Here, we investigated interactions of citrate-coated cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles with fulvic acids, representing natural organic matter, and assessed their bioavailability to fish (common carp, Cyprinus carpio) exposed chronically (32days) via the water. We show a fulvic acid concentration-related enhancement in the uptake of cerium (Ce) into gill tissues, with some evidence for an enhanced Ce uptake also into kidney and brain tissues in the presence of fulvic acids, but with more variable responses. We present evidence for differences in the aggregation behaviour for CeO2 nanoparticles in the different exposure scenarios, with reduced CeO2 particle aggregate size with citrate coating and fulvic acids, as determined from dynamic light scattering. We highlight that multiple analytical approaches are essential for understanding the dynamic nature of the particles and also that interpretations on measured particle sizes and characteristics may differ depending on the technique(s) employed. We conclude that conditions in natural waters are likely to play a fundamental role in affecting bioavailability and thus potential biological effects of CeO2 particles.
How does the management of rice in natural ponds alter aquatic insect community functional structure?
Authors: Dalzochio Marina S. , Baldin Renata , Stenert Cristina , Maltchik Leonardo
Published: October 2015

Changes to biodiversity have mainly been assessed using taxonomic diversity indices. Although these approaches contribute to our scientific understanding of species richness and composition patterns, trait-based metrics may be more useful for detecting responses to land-use change. We compared functional diversity of aquatic insect communities along a gradient of agricultural intensification. Our goal was to compare functional redundancy, functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence among natural ponds, and organic and conventional rice fields. We recorded 15606 aquatic insects distributed across 61 genera. The highest functional redundancy and richness were observed in the natural ponds, followed by organic rice fields and conventional ones. The functional composition varied among natural ponds and rice fields, and differed between organic and conventional rice fields. Organic management favoured the establishment of some pond insect traits, such as predatory taxa, in rice agroecosystems. Our analysis suggests that the conversion of ponds to rice fields results in a shift to less specialised aquatic insect communities with altered functional composition groups. Nevertheless, this result should not be seen as a negative reflection on organic rice fields, because organic rice production affords a better compromise between agricultural production and ecosystem function than conventional agriculture.
Warming-induced northwestward migration of the East Asian monsoon rain belt from the Last Glacial Maximum to the mid-Holocene
Authors: Yang Shiling , Ding Zhongli , Li Yangyang , Wang Xu , Jiang Wenying , Huang Xiaofang
Published: October 2015

Significance

The southward displacement of the East Asian monsoon rain belt heightens concerns over the warming-induced drying of northern China. Paleovegetation change on the Chinese Loess Plateau provides insights into future climate changes. We find that the spatial distribution of C
4
plant biomass is a robust analog for the monsoon rain belt, which migrated at least 300 km to the northwest from the cold Last Glacial Maximum (∼19 ka) to the warm Holocene (∼4 ka). These results strongly support the idea that the Earth's thermal equator will move northward in a warmer world, and that the observed southward migration of the monsoon rain belt over the last few decades is transient and northern China will eventually become wet as global warming advances.
Lianas reduce carbon accumulation and storage in tropical forests
Authors: van der Heijden Geertje M. F. , Powers Jennifer S. , Schnitzer Stefan A.
Published: October 2015

Significance

Tropical forests store nearly 30% of global terrestrial carbon and contribute to 40% of the global terrestrial carbon sink. By affecting tree growth and survival, lianas impact the carbon balance of these forests. Here we demonstrate with a 3-y experiment that lianas substantially reduce forest-level carbon uptake and storage. This study is, to our knowledge, the first direct demonstration of liana effects at the ecosystem scale and illustrates the important role of lianas in tropical forests, particularly with respect to carbon budgets. Lianas are increasing in biomass and productivity throughout the tropics, and thus our findings have even greater relevance in terms of the fate of the tropical carbon balance, as well as for global atmospheric CO2levels, in a changing climate.
Receipt of reward leads to altered estimation of effort
Authors: Pooresmaeili Arezoo , Wannig Aurel , Dolan Raymond J.
Published: October 2015

Significance

Retrospective reevaluation of effort is a pervasive aspect of everyday life, such as when we assess our professional satisfaction after knowing the ensuing outcomes. Previous studies have focused on the interaction of effort and reward when a choice is to be made, whereas retrospective interactions have been largely ignored. Here we show that humans revise their estimation of effort after receiving a reward. When rewarded more than average, subjects tend to overestimate their effort, with a converse effect observed for low rewards. The size of this bias depends strongly on the contingency between reward magnitude and task difficulty and is dynamically adjusted when changes occur in these contingencies. These results reveal a sophisticated mechanism to cope with reward–effort inconsistencies.
Shp2 and Pten have antagonistic roles in myeloproliferation but cooperate to promote erythropoiesis in mammals
Authors: Zhu Helen He , Luo Xiaolin , Zhang Kaiqing , Cui Jian , Zhao Huifang , Ji Zhongzhong , Zhou Zhicheng , Yao Jufang , Zeng Lifan , Ji Kaihong , Gao Wei-Qiang , Zhang Zhong-Yin , Feng Gen-Sheng
Published: October 2015

Significance

Despite the extensive attentions paid to phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) or SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase (Shp2) functions in cell signaling, how their regulated pathways are intertwined has never been investigated. By creating a compound mutant mouse line with both genes deleted in blood cells, we have found that Pten and Shp2 can work antagonistically in myelopoiesis, while acting cooperatively in erythropoiesis. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of Shp2 suppressed myeloproliferative neoplasm induced by Pten loss but induced severe anemia. These data explain why some pharmaceuticals designed to target a specific pathway can suppress one pathogenic process but trigger another.