bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) as a Biomarker of Abscopal Effect of Cryoablation in Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Khan Sonia Y. , Melkus Michael W. , Rasha Fahmida , Castro Maribel , Chu Victoria , Brandi Luis , Khan Hafiz , Gill Harvinder Singh , Pruitt Kevin , Layeequr Rahman Rakhshanda
Published: January 2022

Background

Morphological evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer is gaining momentum as an immunological biomarker. This experiment evaluates the role of TILs in distant tumors as a measure of abscopal effect from cryoablation of breast cancer.

Methods

BALB/c mice underwent bilateral orthotopic transplant with 4T1-12B (triple-negative) cells. At 2 weeks, left tumors were treated by either resection (standard of care group) or cryoablation (intervention group) followed by resection of the distant right tumors 1 week posttreatment. TIL scores were calculated from hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and phenotyped for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) markers by immunofluorescence. Primarily resected tumors served as baseline (Tbaseline), whereas resected distant right-sided served as the readout for abscopal effect (AbsRes or AbsCryo). Mice were monitored for tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Results

The AbsCryo had a significant mean (SD) increase in stromal (2.8 [1.1]%; p = 0.015) and invasive margin TILs (50 [12]%; p = 0.02) compared with TBaseline (1.0 [0]% and 31 [4.9]%, respectively). CTL phenotyping revealed a significant increase in mean (SD) CD8+ T cells (15.7 [12.1]; p = 0.02) and granzyme B (4.8 [3.6]; p = 0.048) for the AbsCryo compared with TBaseline (5.2 [4.7] and 2.4 [0.9], respectively). Posttreatment, the cryoablation group had no recurrence or metastasis, whereas the resected group showed local recurrence and lung metastasis in 40% of the mice. Postprocedure increase in TIL score of distant tumors was associated with decrease in tumor relapse (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Cryoablation induced a robust tumor-specific TIL response compared with resection, suggesting an abscopal effect leading to the prevention of cancer recurrence and metastasis.
The management of delirium in the older adult in advanced nursing practice
Authors: Carey Edel , Furlong Eileen , Smith Rita
Published: January 2022

Delirium is a term used to describe an array of symptoms that indicate a disruption in cerebral metabolism, a condition that is often under-recognised, leading to delayed interventions. The condition is a common cause of older adults presenting in hospital, with significant morbidity and mortality associated with increased length of stay. A case study is used to illustrate the use of a diagnostic algorithm for older adults presenting with delirium to an advanced nurse practitioner (ANP)-led service. The clinical decision pathway provides four differential diagnoses, using the case study to put the decision-making process in context. The article demonstrates the ability of the ANP to practise at a high level of expertise as an autonomous practitioner and shows how the pathway supports the nurse to reach an accurate diagnosis. It shows that prompt and accurate diagnosis of delirium in older adults is crucial to avoiding the complications and cognitive decline associated with the condition.
The role of end-of-life communication in contributing to palliative-oriented care at the end-of-life in nursing home
Authors: Gonella Silvia , Basso Ines , Dimonte Valerio , Giulio Paola Di
Published: January 2022

Background:

Clear communication about a person's poor prognosis and limited treatment choices improves the quality of end-of-life care.

Aims:

To investigate how end-of-life communication may contribute to palliative-oriented care at the end-of-life in nursing homes according to both families' and nurses' perspective. Secondly, to identify the contextual factors internal to the nursing home that may influence the timing and quality of communication. Thirdly, to confirm the foundations for a first theory of end-of-life communication.

Method:

This study is a descriptive two-tailed embedded multiple-case study. A secondary analysis of 23 family carer-nurse paired interviews was performed.

Findings:

Several contextual factors influenced the timing and quality of communication that, in turn, impacted end-of-life care by promoting family understanding, fostering shared decision-making between healthcare professionals and resident/family carers, and improving the knowledge of residents' and family carers' preferences (ie drivers of transition towards palliative-oriented care). Family carers' preferences had the strongest influence in guiding the care approach, while residents' preferences were poorly known and had a limited impact on the end-of-life care goal. Complex and dynamic interactions within and between drivers and contextual factors emerged, providing preliminary evidence for a first end-of-life communication theory.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest the need to promote a familiar atmosphere and quality relationships, and improve the knowledge of a resident's preferences to ensure that end-of-life care is consistent with their desires.
Palliative-care nurses' and physicians' descriptions of the competencies needed in their working units
Authors: Melender Hanna-Leena , Hökkä Minna , Kaakinen Pirjo , Lehto Juho T , Hirvonen Outi
Published: January 2022

Background:

Specialists were asked to describe the most essential palliative and end-of-life care competencies needed in their working units, in order to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon.

Aim:

To describe the most essential competencies of palliative-care nurses and physicians.

Methods:

The data was collected using an open-ended question in a survey sent to registered nurses (n=129) working within palliative care and to physicians (n=64) with a special competency in palliative care. The data was analysed using content analysis.

Results:

The description of the most essential competencies included 16 main categories and 63 subcategories in total. The three strongest main categories were ‘clinical competence’, ‘competence in social interactions’ and ‘competence in giving support’. Eleven main categories were based on both nurses' and physicians' data, while five main categories were created from nurses’ data only.

Conclusion:

Interprofessional palliative-care education is recommended for the undergraduate and postgraduate education of nurses and physicians.
Youngstock health: a focus on Mycoplasma bovis, nematode control and the use of NSAIDS in scour
Authors: Barrett David C , Griffiths Dan , Hopkins James P , Button Ellie
Published: January 2022

Foreword

Farming is under increasing scrutiny on environmental issues (including greenhouse gas emissions, resource use, water and air quality, biodiversity and other impacts), in addition to increasing economic and social pressures. It is increasingly clear that we need to ensure that every animal has a good healthy life, while reducing losses throughout the production system.

As cattle vets, we work with cattle at every stage of the production cycle, but on many dairy farms, youngstock are still seen as being of secondary importance compared with the mature herd, suffering significant levels of disease, and sustaining high mortality. This is despite the fact that dairy replacements are, or should be, the group with the highest genetic merit on the farm and are the future of the herd.

In contrast to the dairy herd, calves from the suckler herd are the only saleable product of the cow and thus her whole production for the year is lost if the calf should die. Despite this, more could still be done on many farms to improve health and productivity of these calves allowing them to be finished faster with associated environmental benefits.

For environmental, economic and social reasons, it is no longer acceptable to cull dairy bull calves, or to ignore high levels of morbidity or mortality. An animal that has a suboptimal growth rate or dies represents a financial loss to the farmer, a welfare concern to the consumer, and an environmental impact that is not compensated for by food (milk or meat) production. If we are to serve our clients to the best of our ability and help make their businesses as sustainable as possible, we need a greater focus on youngstock.

This supplement is a good place to start with its focus on Mycoplasma bovis, nematode control and the use of NSAIDs in calf scour.
Developments in managing dairy cow foot health
Authors: Atkinson Owen
Published: January 2022

When it comes to herd health issues in the GB dairy herd, lameness is currently heading the agenda. Practicing cattle veterinary surgeons might interpret this as a cause for alarm or as an opportunity. The past decade has seen some important developments to reinforce an evidence-based approach to helping farmers improve foot health. With the correct training, veterinary surgeons should feel confident that their input will be both effective and valued.
Are you ready for the Medicine Hub challenge?
Authors: Hayton Rachel
Published: January 2022

Over 90% of antibiotic use data is now captured within UK poultry, pig and aquaculture sectors. While dairy, beef and sheep lag behind, a new database promises to change this. So how – and why – should veterinary surgeons engage with the new Medicine Hub?
Neurological disease in neonatal foals: beyond dummy foal syndrome
Authors: Gough Rachel , McGovern Kate
Published: January 2022

Neonatal encephalopathy (dummy foal syndrome) is the most common cause of neurological signs in neonatal foals. However, there are a wide variety of other causes that may be overlooked, including infections, traumatic, metabolic and congenital causes. There is much overlap between the clinical signs for many of these conditions, highlighting the need for thorough history taking, physical examination, laboratory testing and, in some cases, diagnostic imaging. In most cases, prompt treatment is required if there is to be any chance of survival, further highlighting the need for an accurate diagnosis. The prognosis of these conditions varies from rapidly correctable with appropriate treatment, to euthanasia being the only humane option.
Recognising and treating uveitis in donkeys
Authors: Bradley Claire
Published: January 2022

There is a paucity of information in the veterinary literature regarding ophthalmic disease in the donkey. Uveitis is a potentially blinding condition, which warrants prompt diagnosis and treatment. Clinical signs associated with uveitis include epiphora, aqueous flare, miosis, corneal oedema, keratic precipitates and vitreal inflammation, posterior synechiae formation, cataract formation, lens luxation or subluxation, peripapillary scarring and retinal detachment. Treatment is aimed at suppressing the uveal tract inflammation, through the use of both topical and systemic medications. Surgical intervention may also be considered, with appropriate patient selection. This article describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and management of uveitis in the donkey.
EquineReview
Authors: Sundra Tania
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

This month's Equine Review discusses papers on the medicinal management of pain associated with laminitis, the treatment of impinging dorsal spinous processes with minimally invasive techiques, and the effects of overfeeding on equine cardiovascular health.
Advances in the understanding of laminitis and the role of nutrition in its management
Authors: Witherow Briony
Published: January 2022

Laminitis heavily impacts the equine population and, for this reason, has long been researched with respect to its prevention, causation, and management. Recent research has uncovered the importance of owner recognition in both the prevention and management of laminitis and highlighted this as a potential area for education. Furthermore, clearer definitions of the syndrome and its causation, along with risk of recurrence, should enable a more tailored approach to nutrition and feed management. Dissemination of current research into feeding practice should be seen as a key part of the ‘next steps’ in laminitis management and prevention. This review collates current recommendations with applications to practical feeding situations, and demonstrates that while there is information on what constitutes an appropriate diet ‘on paper’, the practicalities of providing this (particularly where forage is concerned), often represents a barrier to long-term use. It is in this area that future research should focus, to fully realise and benefit from the progress made to date.
Nursing care of arthritic geriatric donkeys
Authors: Rippingale Marie
Published: January 2022

Many donkeys are now kept as pets rather than as working animals. This means they often live longer, with many now reaching 20 years old and being classed as geriatric. These patients often require specialist treatment and management, as they are prone to certain conditions such as arthritis. Veterinary surgeons and registered veterinary nurses caring for geriatric donkeys with arthritis at their practices can help to increase these donkeys' comfort and quality of life. The owners of arthritic donkeys should be fully involved with any treatment plans and fully supported through any management changes.
Indications for and how to perform Caslick's operation in the mare
Authors: Arnold Leonie , Stout Tom
Published: January 2022

The vulva functions as the most caudal of the three physical barriers between the uterine lumen and the outside world. A compromised vulval seal predisposes to pneumovagina (wind sucking) in mares and may lead to inflammation and ascending contamination of the caudal reproductive tract with pathogens, and/or urine pooling in the vagina. Abnormalities of a mare's perineal conformation and an inadequate vulval seal are most often corrected using Caslick's operation, a procedure that involves surgical apposition of the dorsal part of the vulval labia. The reasons for poor vulval conformation, and therefore the indications for a ‘Caslick's’, vary but can include advanced age, trauma induced by foaling, weight loss and, in some breeds, congenital predisposition. If Caslick's operation is insufficient to resolve the pneumovagina more invasive surgical procedures, such as vestibuloplasty or perineoplasty, should be considered.
Government assistance, religiosity and charitable giving: comparing Muslim and non-Muslim families in China
Authors: Wang Lili , Li Peiyao
Published: January 2022

This article examines whether religiosity moderates the influence of government assistance use on the charitable giving of Muslim and non-Muslim families in China. Using data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies survey, the article finds that Muslims are as equally likely as non-Muslims to donate to charity, but that Muslim donors, on average, donate more than their counterparts. Additionally, Muslim donors and donors of other religions increase the amount of their giving when they receive more government assistance, while non-religious donors reduce their giving. Furthermore, as the level of government assistance increases, the donation amount grows at a much higher rate among Muslim donors than among donors of other religions. The theoretical contributions of the study and avenues for future research are discussed.
“Don’t call it work”: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of volunteer firefighting in young adults based on the volunteer process model
Authors: Nowakowska Iwona
Published: January 2022

The number of people engaging in volunteer firefighting is on the decline. It is therefore important to understand what factors on a personal and social level and from the three stages of the volunteer process model – antecedents, experiences and consequences – might be linked to starting and sustaining engagement in volunteer firefighting. To do this, a qualitative, interview-based study was carried out using a sample of ten volunteer firefighters from across Poland. The data were gathered and analysed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis methodological framework. The data enabled information regarding the stage of the volunteer process and the motivations behind the engagement to be grouped and interpreted. The implications for retention strategies are set out, with a particular focus on the social support of firefighters, the role of coping skills, relationships with the local community, the quality of relationships within the firefighting brigade, the personal development of volunteers and how firefighters make meaning of their service.
MUSICOVID-19: When the world paused but singing continued
Authors: van der Sandt Johann , Coppi Antonella
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic was unexpected and changed most aspects of our lives in a very short period; it led to surprising and unexpected experiences and changes for most people. To cope with these changes and hardship, Italians turned to songs as a medium of emotional and communicative expression. The songs that resounded from the windows, balconies, and homes of families came from the past and the present, connecting generations and serving as a medium to strengthen people’s individual and collective resilience. This study offers a reflection of qualitative research using a phenomenological approach on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practical musical experience of local communities from a Transformative, Lifelong, and Intergenerational Learning perspective. Purposeful sampling for this study was conducted through invitations to choral- and music associations for families to volunteer to participate in the study. Of the more than 30 families who volunteered, 82 individuals from 15 families in the provinces of Emilia Romagna (n=50) and South Tyrol (n=32), Italy, best met the sampling criteria. The methodology relied on semi-structured interviews as a research tool, accompanied by a thematic analysis of the narratives according to the aforementioned perspectives. The results show that participants used communal singing and music-making as important forms of helping, caring and sharing. This demonstrates the positive role of shared music-making and singing in improving wellbeing and promoting various forms of learning during social isolation COVID-19.
Voices from Southwark: Reflections on a collaborative music teaching project in London in the age of COVID-19
Authors: Rivas Javier , Sparey Rhys , Davies Jonathan , Gleason-Mercier Caroline , Hughes Sarah , Knights Susannah , Cavett Esther
Published: January 2022

Situated in the context of current examinations of inequality and underrepresentation in music education in the United Kingdom, this article offers perspectives on a community music school and outreach initiative based in Southwark, London, where King’s College London music students, mentored by an experienced local teacher, facilitate small group music-making for primary school children who would not otherwise have opportunities for collaborative performance. Due to COVID-19, the project shifted to fully online delivery, and later to a hybrid model, combining virtual and in-person interaction. Based on ethnographic research amongst pupils, parents, teaching assistants and coordinators, we invoke the collaborative ethos of the project and explore its social and affective impact on participants at a time of great challenge and change.
Non-participation in online Sacred Harp singing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Morgan-Ellis Esther M.
Published: January 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of Sacred Harp singers took their activities online, adopting and adapting various platforms for the purpose of participatory music-making. While many singers found online activity to be meaningful, others did not, and an additional group lacked access altogether. This study, which was conducted by means of an online questionnaire, surveys the experiences of Sacred Harp singers who were unable or unwilling to participate in online singing. It documents the practical concerns and negative experiences that contributed to non-participation and considers the impacts of non-participation on the Sacred Harp community. Although technological barriers denied access to some singers, dissatisfaction with the online singing experience was the most significant factor in non-participation. Even with the improvement of online platforms, however, many singers will remain unable to participate in virtual singing due to lack of access to a private domestic space.
Music therapy research during a pandemic: An accidental experiment in caring for music
Authors: Schmid Wolfgang , Simpson Fraser , DeNora Tia , Ansdell Gary
Published: January 2022

This article describes how a group of music therapists and a music sociologist working on the AHRC-funded research project Care for Music responded to the situation they found themselves during the 2020–21 COVID pandemic, both in terms of their practice and the ongoing research project they shared. In particular, the article outlines how the challenging situation has produced interesting new practical, methodological and theoretical perspectives – functioning as a helpful ‘accidental experiment’. The article presents three vignettes of music therapists coping with the initial pandemic situation and how they adapted music therapy practice, followed by preliminary reflections on emerging themes from the ‘accidental experiment’ in relation to the central concern of the AHRC Care for Music research project: the co-creation of mutual ‘scenes of care’ through music within later life and end of life settings.
Treatment efficacy of Thunbergia laurifolia, Curcuma longa, Garcinia mangostana, and Andrographis paniculata extracts in Staphylococcus aureus-induced rabbit dermatitis model
Authors: So-In Charinya , Sunthamala Nuchsupha
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Dermatitis is a soft-tissue infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The recurrence of inflammatory skin is linked to clinical manifestations. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are essential for tissue damage, are released by bacteria through skin tissues. Oxidative stress causes inflammatory cells to necrotize and reduces their antioxidant profile, resulting in toxic damage to surrounding tissues. Although studies on the antibacterial effects of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl., Curcuma longa L., Garcinia mangostana L., and Andrographis paniculata (Burm.). Bacterial infection of S. aureus have been conducted, most of these studies have been in vitro and were not related to the rabbit model. In addition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant studies need to be evaluated. Thus, this study aims to compare the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of four local herbs with a standard antibiotic in S. aureus-induced rabbit dermatitis model.

Materials and Methods: The skin of New Zealand white rabbits were artificially wounded using a sterile blade and then infected with S. aureus. The rabbits were divided into seven groups, each with three rabbits (Total 21 rabbits): The first group was the no infection group (no infection and no treatment with scarification), the second group was the no treatment group (S. aureus infection of the wound but no treatment), and the other five treated groups were T. laurifolia, C. longa, G. mangostana, A. paniculata, and bacitracin cream, all of which involved wound infection and treatments. The treatment lasted for 7 days. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties after treatment were measured.

Results: The efficacy of T. laurifolia, C. longa, G. mangostana, and A. paniculata was similar to that of an antioxidant and free radical scavenging property. The bacterial infection process gradually reduced the activities of antioxidant systems (i.e., enzymatic levels and gene expressions) and total glutathione. However, the activities of the antioxidant system were steadily increased when treated with herbal extracts. During bacterial invasion of the skin, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive molecules, the level of lipid peroxidation, and the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes were increased. All these were decreased when herbal extracts were used to treat the lesion.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that T. laurifolia, C. longa, G. mangostana, and A. paniculata extract have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and are effective antibacterial agents. G. mangostana is the most effective herbal extract for antidermatitis and has the potential to be used as an alternative topical treatment.
Viability of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in different conditions for parasite transportation
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy , Kamyingkird Ketsarin , Phimpraphai Waraphon , Inpankaew Tawin
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite is the infective stage that causes acute infection, leading to severe toxoplasmosis. The tachyzoite stage has been extensively used for several inoculation purposes, including antigen production, immunological studies, nutrition mechanisms, and in vitro drug trials. The use of fresh tachyzoites is required for inoculation in either in vitro or in vivo studies. However, there is a lack of information on preserving live tachyzoites during transportation from laboratories to inoculation sites. Therefore, this study aimed to validate suitable preservative conditions for maintaining live parasites by determining the survival and viability of T. gondii tachyzoites on the basis of different media, temperatures, and incubation times.

Materials and Methods: The free live T. gondii tachyzoites were evaluated on their viability when maintained in different media without 5% Carbon dioxide (CO2). The purified tachyzoites of the RH and PLK strains were individually suspended in normal saline (NS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), minimum essential medium (MEM), and MEM with 10% fetal bovine serum (MEM-FBS) and incubated for 6 h at ice-cold (IC; 3-9°C) and room temperature (RT; 25°C). Parasite survival was measured at the 0, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th h post-incubation using the trypan blue exclusion test.

Results: The viability was in the range of 85.0%–91.0% for IC using NS and 81.0%–85.1% (IC) and 75.3%–77.5% (RT) using PBS. The viability was approximately 75.0%–83.0% (IC) and 70.0%–79.0% (RT) using MEM and MEM-FBS. There was a significant difference in the viability between the seven periods on the basis of one-way repeated Analysis of variance and Friedman analyses. Parasite survival slightly reduced (20.0%–30.0%) in NS and MEM-FBS at both temperatures during incubation. Notably, PBS could not support tachyzoite viability after 3 h post-incubation.

Conclusion: NS was a suitable preservative for maintaining purified T. gondii tachyzoites during transportation at IC and RT without 5% CO2 supplementation. This could be a valuable medium for parasite transportation, especially when there is a large distance between the laboratory and inoculation site.
PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE FOR ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING COVID-19 VACCINATION IN AFRICA
Authors: Anjorin AbdulAzeez , Odetokun Ismail , Nyandwi Jean , Elnadi Hager , Awiagah Kwame , Eyedo Joseph , Abioye Ajibola , Gachara George , Maisara Aala , Razouqi Youssef , Mohamed Yusuf Mohamud , Mhgoob Zuhal , Ajayi Tunde , Ntirenganya Lazare , Saibu Morounke , Salako Babatunde , Elelu Nusirat , Wright Kikelomo , Fasina Folorunsho , Mosbah Rasha
Published: January 2022

Background: The death toll and economic disaster caused by SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 is still on the rise globally and in Africa with a case fatality ratio (CFR), 2.58 from 220,958 deaths out of 8,556,890 cases recorded across the continent as of 14th November 2021. Local, national and international health agencies have advocated multi-pronged public health strategies to limit infections and prevent deaths. The availability of a safe and effective vaccine is critical in the control of a pandemic. Several adverse events have been reported globally for different vaccines including COVID-19 with limited or no data from Africa.

Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study investigated the adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in Africans between April- June, 2021 using a structured questionnaire distributed via the web for public health surveillance.

Results: Out of the 1200 participants recruited, a total of 80.8% (n = 969) respondents from 35 countries including 22 African countries and 13 countries where Africans live in the diaspora reported different adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination. More than half of the vaccinee were male (53.0%) and frontline healthcare workers (55.7%), respectively. A total of 15.6% (n = 151) reported previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 while about one-fourth, 24.8% (n = 240) reported different underlying health conditions prior to vaccination. Fatal cases were 5.1% (n = 49) while other significant heterogenous events were reported in three categories: very common, common, and uncommon adverse events including enlarged lymph nodes 2.4% (n = 23), menstrual disorder 0.5% (n = 5), and increased libido 0.2% (n = 2).

Conclusions:
The study provided useful data for concerned authorities and institutions to prepare plans that will address issues related to COVID-19 vaccines.
Study of Living Hadith on Social Practices in The Framework of The Itba'ul Janāzah Tradition in Kauman Village
Authors: Asrul Asrul , Yoga Adi Pradana Mahatva , Dahlan Achmad
Published: January 2022

Researchers see a reality where the tradition of burying the dead in a religious system that is part of the rituals that occur in several religious groups. The itbā'ul janāzah tradition is part of the religious system built by the Muslim community. Kauman village has its own tradition of delivering corpses as a form of religious behavior. This study uses a qualitative type with a living hadith study approach. Researchers see that this tradition is received by hadiths related to the obligation of Muslims to deliver corpses for others. There are two types of hadith that are used as theological references in carrying out itbā'ul janāzah activities in the village of Kauman. First, the narration of Bukhari (1164) sourced from Abu Hurairah about the rights and obligations of every Muslim over other Muslims. Second, the narration of Muslim (1572) which is sourced from Abu Hurairah about the reward of delivering the corpse. From the results of this study, it was concluded that religious practices carried out by the Kauman community were indirectly based on the itbā'ul janāzah hadith.
Frequency response locking of electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvesters using a switch with tuned duty cycle
Authors: Dezhara Aboozar
Published: January 2022

It is proposed to tune linear electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvesters so that they will achieve an optimum case regardless of the base amplitude or excitation frequency of the environment. The author designed the optimum coil and load parameters as well as the optimum acceleration amplitude and vibration frequency of the magnet for known values of three mechanical parameters (spring constant, mass, and mechanical damping coefficient) so that the optimum parameters will remain constant upon switching. As the vibration frequency of the magnet deviates from the optimal value, the switch turns on and off to compensate for the deviation so that the maximum power entering the electrical domain does not change. The deviation is limited to frequency or base amplitude acceleration. Other optimum parameters are fixed values. They are designed so that they can handle the maximum power that is delivered to the electrical domain.
Ethical considerations of maternal-fetal surgery
Authors: Rousseau Abigail C. , Riggan Kirsten A. , Schenone Mauro H. , Whitford Kevin J. , Pittock Siobhan T. , Allyse Megan A.
Published: January 2022

The practice of maternal-fetal surgery (MFS) has expanded from lethal fetal conditions to conditions which are significantly disabling but not a lethal fetal abnormality. The inclusion of myelomeningocele within the scope of MFS in the 1990s sparked a renewed debate over the ethics of MFS. While demonstrating increasing efficacy and range of application, MFS continues to be ethically fraught due to the inherent tension between maternal and fetal interests. Ethical issues central to MFS include the patienthood of the fetus; the balance of risks and benefits between the woman and fetus; informed consent for experimental procedures; and determination of conditions that meet ethical qualifications for MFS intervention. These concerns are likely to persist and evolve as perinatal medicine continues to advance. Here we summarize the current state of MFS ethics, highlighting the major positions in the literature thus far as well as examine future directions. It is essential robust discussions of these important issues continue both to ensure ethical medical practice and to provide support to clinicians, pregnant women, and their families.
Popularizing Moral Philosophy by Acting as a Moral Expert
Authors: Albersmeier Frauke
Published: January 2022

This paper is concerned with the ethics of popularizing moral philosophy. In particular, it addresses the question of whether ethicists engaged in public debates should restrict themselves to acting as impartial informants or moderators rather than advocates of their own moral opinions. I dismiss the idea that being an impartial servant to moral debates is the default or even the only defensible way to publicly exercise ethical expertise and thus, to popularize moral philosophy. Using a case example from the public debate about the human use of nonhuman animals, I highlight the benefits and risks of endorsing an advocate’s and a teacher’s or moderator’s role, respectively. I argue for a general requirement of judgment transparency which entails that the publicly engaged philosopher ought to be clear and consistent about the type of role she takes on, her publicly advanced opinions generally ought to be her professional ones and that she ought to flag her private opinions. I finally show that, despite general concerns about conflicts of interest, exercising ethical expertise and engaging in advocacy, i.e., acting as if one were a moral expert, are not incompatible modes of public engagement for the moral philosopher.
Sharing communicative responsibility: training US students in cooperative strategies for communicating across linguistic difference
Authors: Subtirelu Nicholas Close , Lindemann Stephanie , Acheson Kris , Campbell Maxi-Ann
Published: January 2022

The internationalization of Anglophone universities could allow English-dominant students to benefit from experience with English speakers from a wide variety of backgrounds, but US students have often complained of difficulty communicating with such instructors, especially International Teaching Assistants (ITAs). Research has largely focused on helping ITAs assimilate linguistically and culturally, although many applied linguists suggest that ITAs’ students would also benefit from training in skills for communication across linguistic difference, through attention to their language attitudes, familiarity with diverse Englishes, and communication strategies. We report on an intervention designed to address all three, here focusing on students’ willingness to engage in collaborative communication strategies. The intervention, conducted in a computer science department and reaching over 300 first-year students from varied linguistic backgrounds, included an online and an in-class component, each lasting about an hour. This brief intervention resulted in small but significant gains in domestic undergraduates’ (n = 174) stated intention to engage in collaborative behavior with their ITAs, although our detailed examination of qualitative responses suggests important areas for continued improvement of the intervention. We discuss the potential for such interventions to facilitate institutional and cultural change, encouraging the recognition of the shared responsibility for successful communication.
The crystal structure of (Z)-2-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-4-(3-hydroxybut-2-enoyl)-5-methyl -1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one – methanol (1/1), C18H18N3O4S
Authors: Feng Yunqian , Ye Jianghai , Wang Peng , Tai Shuqiong , Lang Tianqiong
Published: January 2022

C18H18N3O4S, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 10.8839(14) Å, b = 14.2825(18) Å, c = 13.0717(16) Å, β = 108.618(3)°, V = 1925.6(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0359, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0812, Flack parameter = 0.009(6), T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of [diaqua[2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)bis(1H-imidazole-4-carboxylato-5-carboxy)-κ4
N,N′,O,O′]nickel(II)] tetrahydrate, C16H12N4NiO10·4H2O
Authors: Liu Xu , Meng Xiang-Ru
Published: January 2022

C16H20N4NiO14, orthorhombic, Pnma (No. 62), a = 7.1945(2) Å, b = 16.1805(4) Å, c = 17.7912(5) Å, V = 2071.08(10) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0353, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0997, T = 293(2) K.
Risk and resilience in a changing climate: a diachronic analysis in the press across the globe
Authors: Bevitori Cinzia , Johnson Jane Helen
Published: January 2022

Building on our previous work investigating discourses of climate-induced mobility in the UK and US press, this paper addresses the overarching theme of environmental issues and the anthropocene by looking into representations of migration as adaptation in the context of climate change. In particular, drawing on corpus-assisted discourse analysis methodologies, the paper will focus on, and critically explore, meaning patterns of “risk” and “resilience” in a purpose-built diachronic corpus of quality newspapers from the Global North and the Global South between 2010 and 2017. Risk and resilience may in fact be regarded as the defining – though problematic – terms of our anthropogenic era. The investigation focuses on whether and how any significant discursive shifts may be identified in newspaper discourse across the globe and the extent to which the mainstream press reflects this problematicity. Our main findings show that not only is mention of risk more frequent in the Global North throughout than in the Global South media outlets, whereas the opposite is observed for resilience, but also that distinct meaning patterns emerge over time across the different areas of the world under investigation.
Enabling, predisposing, and reinforcing factors influencing implementation of exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mudau Azwinndini Gladys
Published: January 2022

Background: Breastmilk only is enough for milestone of a child because it contains all necessary nutrients. Because of its benefits World Health Organization recommends that lactating mothers must give their infants only breastmilk for six months and continue up to two years with appropriate complementary food. Despite its benefits breastfeeding is not well practiced in developing countries, South Africa included. Objective: This study aimed to investigate enabling, reinforcing and predisposing factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding interruption among lactating mothers in Limpopo Province. Methods and materials: This study was cross sectional which employed quantitative measures. Data was collected from 399 lactating mothers during immunization in the selected birthing facilities of Limpopo Province and analysed using SPSS version 26. Results: The findings indicate that breastfeeding mothers were likely to stop breastfeeding completely when their babies were three months old. The findings were that the majority 72.9% of the mothers practised mixed feeding and the minority, only 27.1% practised EBF. It was also found that 38.5% mothers gave water to the infants, 30.2% were given soft porridge and 26.1% formula. Conclusion: The study revealed that the factors that affect exclusive breastfeeding include: influence from the Parents/in-laws Insufficient breastmilk, religious and cultural beliefs, illness of the mothers and young mothers and going back to work/school.
Вплив γ-опромінення на початкову магнітну проникність аморфних і нанокристалічних сплавів на основі системи Fe−Si−B
Authors: Поварчук В.Ю. , Носенко В.К. , Крайчинський А.М. , Неймаш В.Б. , Красько М.М. , Маслов В.В.
Published: January 2022

Методом визначення фактора індуктивності досліджено залежності початкової магнітної проникності μi аморфних і нанокристалічних сплавів на основі системи Fe–Si–B від дози γ-опромінення. Виявлено, що легування аморфних сплавів системи Fe–Si–B молібденом і нікелем приводить до збільшення радіаційної чутливості їхніх μi. Початкова магнітна проникність нанокристалічних сплавів на основі Fe–Si–B менш чутлива до дії γ-опромінення, ніж легованих аморфних. Висловлено припущення, що вплив радіації на початкову магнітну проникність зумовлений утворенням немагнітних включень у структурі аморфних і в аморфній матриці нанокристалічних сплавів.
Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Perkebunan dan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korporasi Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Prabudy Edy , Chandra Tofik Yanuar , Kristiawanto Kristiawanto
Published: January 2022

In the development of Indonesian criminal law, corporations can be burdened with criminal liability or can be said to be subject to criminal law. Plantation is one sector that is large enough to ensure the welfare of the people. The research method in this article uses qualitative research methods with a normative legal approach or what is known as legal research, which emphasizes the study of library documents related to the problems and objectives of this research. The results of the study state that criminal acts for corporations. Criminal acts can be imposed on corporations and their management and corporations are subject to a maximum fine plus a third.Keywords: Corporate Law; Plantation Law; Environmental law
Hak Restitusi Bagi Anak Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual
Authors: Nurhaurima Silma , Koto Zulkarnaen , Dewi Dyah Sulastri
Published: January 2022

The State may not discriminate between one person and another in the fulfillment of human rights because everyone is essentially the same subject in the eyes of the law. This is in accordance with Article 28d, paragraph 1 of the Republic of Indonesian Constitution of 1945. In principle, fair and equal treatment before the law applies not only to adults or people of sufficient age, but also to ensure the fulfillment of children's rights. One form of legal protection for victims of sexual violence is to get restitution. This study uses the approach and concept of the rule of law that applies in the legal system in Indonesia regarding restitution for Child Victims of sexual violence, namely PP Number 43 of 2017 juxtaposed with various cases of fulfilling the right of restitution for Child Victims of sexual violence at UPT P2TP2A DKI Jakarta. In an effort to fulfill the right of restitution for Child Victims of the crime of sexual violence, it is necessary to implement a legal rule that regulates this matter, both in resolving problems if there is a conflict in the fulfillment of the right to restitution.
Dampak Sosial Dan Keamanan Masyarakat Hiroshima Nagasaki Pasca Dijatuhkanya Bom Atom Tahun 1945
Authors: Kusniawati Kusniawati , Lugo Dhianada Salsabila , Susilowati Ida
Published: January 2022

Sebelum dijatuhkanya bom atom dikota Hiroshima dan Nagasaki, kondisi sosial dan keamanan di kedua kota tersebut terbilang makmur. Hiroshima dikenal sebagai pangkalan logistik militer, pusat komunikasi, pelabuhan penting dan tempat berkumpulnya tentara Jepang. Sementara Nagasaki sebagai salah satu pelabuhan terbesar di Jepang selatan sekaligus kota penting semasa perang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan data yang bersumber dari jurnal,buku dan situs internet terpecaya dan dengan mengidentifikasi fenomena atau peristiwa yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari dijatuhkannya bom atom Amerika di Hiroshima dan Nagasaki, khususnya terhadap kondisi sosial dan keamanan masyarakat kedua kota tersebut. Dibalik sisi negatif dari peristiwa tersebut,terdapat juga beberapa dampak positif antara lain berakhirnya Perang Dunia II.Hiroshima dan Nagasaki juga berubah menjadi kota maju setelah tragedi bom atom tersebut. Kata Kunci: Bom Atom, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Perang Dunia IIAbstractBefore the atomic bomb was dropped in the city of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, social and security conditions in the two cities were fairly prosperous. Hiroshima is known as a military logistics base, communication center, important port and gathering place for Japanese troops. While Nagasaki as one of the largest ports in South Japan as well as an important city during the war. The research method used is a qualitative method with data sourced from trusted journals, books and internet sites and by identifying phenomena or events that occur. This study aims to determine the impact of the imposition of American atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, especially for the social and security conditions of the two people. Behind the negative side of the incident, there are also some positive impacts including the end of World War II.Ihiroshima and Nagasaki also turned into advanced cities after the atomic bomb tragedy.Keywords: Atomic Bomb, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, World War II.
EFEKTIVITAS HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL DALAM KEJAHATAN PERANG PADA KONFLIK SURIAH
Authors: Sekartaji Annisa Diva , Firdaus Fatiha , Istiqomah Istiqomah , Susilowati Ida
Published: January 2022

Secara garis besar terdapat dua tipe konflik yang diatur dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional, yaitu Konflik Bersenjata Internasional dan Konflik Bersenjata non-Internasional. Salah satu contoh perang yang mengakibatkan banyak korban adalah Konflik Bersenjata Suriah. Konflik Bersenjata yang terjadi di Suriah digolongkan dalam konflik bersenjata non-internasional. Serangkaian tindakan kekerasan, baik kekerasan fisik maupun mental mulai terjadi di Suriah. Konflik yang pada awalnya berasal dari pergolakan politik menjadi perang saudara yang menimbulkan kejahatan perang seperti pembunuhan, penculikan, pengeboman, penembakan dan pemerkosaan. Hal ini kemudian menjadi pertumbahan darah dan tragedy kemanusiaan paling menyedihkan dalam sejarah Suriah. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas Hukum Humaniter Internasional dalam kejahatan perang yang terjadi dalam konflik Suriah. Penelitian ini dilakukan denganmenggunakanmetode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan pendekatan deduktif. Dan data-data dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dari buku, jurnal, dan situs-situs berita terpercaya. Dalam konflik yang terjadi di Suriah ini, efektifitas Hukum Humaniter Internasional kurang terlihat, karena banyaknya pelanggaran yang terjadi dalam konflik tersebut, dan menyebabkan sulitnya penyelesaian konflik.