bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Otolaryngology Milestones Predictive of Otolaryngology Training Examination Scores?
Authors: Lozada Kirkland N. , Ferrandino Rocco M. , Teng Marita S. , Colley Patrick M. , Bernstein Joseph M.
Published: February 2019

Importance:

Otolaryngology residents take the otolaryngology training examination (OTE) yearly to assess their fund of knowledge. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestone evaluations are also conducted semiannually. Accurate prediction of training examination performance allows identification of residents who are performing well and those who need targeted remediation. Prior studies in other specialties have attempted to use milestone evaluations to help predict in-training examination scores.

Objective:

In this study, we aim to identify whether ACGME milestone evaluation scores predict OTE performance.

Design:

Milestone ratings and OTE scores for residents at 2 US otolaryngology residency programs were collected. Multivariate analysis was achieved using linear mixed modeling. We considered a 2-tailed P value of ≤ .05 as statistically significant.

Setting:

Two US otolaryngology residency programs

Participants:

Forty-eight otolaryngology residents postgraduate years 2 to 5

Results:

Otolaryngology training examination scores and ACGME milestone evaluations were collected from 48 residents from postgraduate year 2 to 5 between the years 2014 and 2017. One hundred eight OTE scores were available. Linear mixed-effect models were constructed, and after adjusting for level of training and OTE year, the total milestone rating made a negligible impact in estimating OTE percentage correct (β = −.01, P = .9). Similarly, total milestone rating demonstrated a minimal contribution in approximating OTE national stanine score after adjusting for the level of training (β = −.003, P = .9).

Conclusions and Relevance:

In our study, ACGME milestone evaluations are not predictive of residents’ OTE performance. What these milestone evaluation data mean and how they should be used continues to be an unanswered question. We should aim to identify the most effective applications of the milestone data collected yearly by otolaryngology programs.
Saving the Canadian Fur Industry’s Hide: Government’s strategic use of private authority to constrain radical activism
Authors: Boghossian Johnny , Marques José Carlos
Published: February 2019

We examine the relationship between private and public regulatory authority in contexts characterized by radical transnational activist contestation against industry practices. Employing a comparative case design, we study government responses to similar activist campaigns calling for a trade ban on Canada’s sealing and fur industries. Relying on conventional public authority, the Canadian government was unable to prevent a European ban on seal skin products, leading to the collapse of its sealing industry. In contrast, its response to anti-fur trapping activists successfully employed private authority in the form of a standard-setting multi-stakeholder initiative (MSI). Doing so not only averted a ban but effectively shut down international debate over restrictions concerning the sale of products using trapped fur. Drawing from social movement theory on activist heterogeneity and political opportunity structure, we introduce a novel conceptualization of standard-setting MSIs as strategic instruments employed by governments to constrain the political opportunities for radical transnational activists. Our findings contribute to the literatures examining interactions between private and public regulatory authority, instruments of government repression and the political dynamics surrounding MSIs.
Beyond Compliance: Assessing Administrators’ Commitment to Comprehensive School Counseling
Authors: Dahir Carol A. , Cinotti Daniel A. , Feirsen Robert
Published: February 2019

The New York State Education Department recently passed legislation that requires school districts to implement a programmatic, data-driven approach to school counseling. This change moves the state toward comprehensive school counseling and away from traditional “guidance”; however, these policy changes often do not translate into practice for some time, if ever. This exploratory study includes survey data from district administrators, school building leaders, and supervisors of school counselors pertaining to their perceptions of the roles and expectations for practicing school counselors. There were significant differences between groups in the expectations and perceptions of the frequency of specific activities performed by these professionals, demonstrating a lack of agreement on important areas of the new regulations. These data have implications for the translation of policy changes into practice and shed light on gaps among key stakeholders that have limited the role of school counselors for decades. Implications for administrators and practicing counselors, especially with regard to communicating and understanding the benefits to students of comprehensive, data-driven practice, are included.
Preferences Regarding and Communication About End-of-Life Care Among Older Iranian-American Adults
Authors: Rahemi Zahra , Dunphy Lynn M. , Newman David
Published: February 2019

Using a cross-sectional study, this article addresses end-of-life (EOL) care for older Iranian-American adults. The purposes are twofold: (a) to explore participants’ preferences for home or hospital care in the event they face EOL conditions and (b) to learn how participants prefer to communicate these preferences. Results showed that about half of the 130 participants had communicated their EOL care preferences through written documents and/or verbal discussions. A set of factors predicted the preferences (χ2(9) = 17.42, p < .042) and communications (χ2(9) = 19.54, p = .021). Regression models indicated that higher scores of social support ( p = .013) and greater numbers of cohabitants ( p = .021) were associated with a preference for home care, and experience of a loved one’s death was associated with participants being willing to communicate their preferences for type of care ( p = .015). This study can bridge the gap between culturally diverse older adults’ preferences and types of EOL care they ultimately receive.
NIH Funding Ranked “Per Capita”: An Alternative Method for Assessing Research Productivity
Authors: Kulage Kristine M. , Massei Joshua R. , Larson Elaine L.
Published: February 2019

Ordinal rankings of schools of nursing by research funding in total dollars awarded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a common metric for demonstrating research productivity; however, these data are not based on the number of doctorally prepared faculty eligible to apply for funding. Therefore, we examined an alternative method for measuring research productivity which accounts for size differences in schools: NIH funding ranked “per capita.” We extracted data on total average funding and compared them with average funding secured per faculty member across top-ranked schools of nursing in the United States from 2013 to 2017. When examining data by number of doctorally prepared faculty, 4 of 12 (33%) schools that ranked lower in total average funding ranked higher in average funding per faculty member. School size is an important but neglected factor in current funding rankings; therefore, we encourage schools to use multiple approaches to track their research productivity.
Prosthetic pulmonary valve and conduit endocarditis in congenital heart disease
Authors: Rebollal-Leal Fernando , Felipe-Abella Raúl , Gutierrez-García Francisco , A. Mestres Carlos , Bautista-Hernandez Victor
Published: February 2019

Background

Pulmonary valve replacement is one of the most common procedures in patients with congenital heart disease. Little is known about prosthetic valve endocarditis in this population.

Objectives

To review management and outcomes of pediatric and adult patients with a prosthetic pulmonary valve or right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit infective endocarditis.

Methods and results

A multiinstitutional cohort of 10 patients is reported. Median age at endocarditis was 24 years (range 8–41 years). The most common causative organisms were Staphylococcus ( n = 4) and Streptococcus species ( n = 2). In addition to medical treatment, 5 patients required surgery. Majors complications such as renal damage, life-threatening hemoptysis, and septic shock were observed. No patient died in hospital or during follow-up.

Conclusions

Pulmonary prosthetic valve endocarditis is a rare condition associated with significant morbidity and a high risk of requiring operative intervention. Larger studies are required to optimize the management.
The effectiveness of trunk training on trunk control, sitting and standing balance and mobility post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Van Criekinge Tamaya , Truijen Steven , Schröder Jonas , Maebe Zoë , Blanckaert Kyra , van der Waal Charlotte , Vink Marijke , Saeys Wim
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To investigate the effectiveness of trunk training on trunk control, sitting and standing balance and mobility.

Data sources:

PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cochrane Library, Rehab+ and ScienceDirect were searched until January 2019.

Review methods:

Randomized controlled trials were included if they investigated the effect of trunk exercises on balance and gait after stroke. Four reviewers independently screened and performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment with the PEDro scale. Disagreements were resolved by a fifth independent reviewer. A meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively describe the results.

Results:

After screening of 1881 studies, 22 studies and 394 participants met the inclusion criteria. Trunk training was executed as core stability, reaching, weight-shift or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises. The amount of therapy varied from a total of 3–36 hours between studies. The median PEDro score was 6 out of 10 which corresponds with a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed with a random-effects model due to differences in study population, interventions received and follow-up length. The overall treatment effect was large for trunk control standardized mean differences (SMD) 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96–1.31), standing balance SMD 0.84 (95% CI: 0.04–0.98) and mobility SMD 0.88 (95% CI: 0.67–1.09).

Conclusions:

In patients suffering from stroke, there is a strong amount of evidence showing that trunk training is able to improve trunk control, sitting and standing balance and mobility.
Applicability of 3-D Scanning Technology for Section Loss Assessment in Corroded Steel Beams
Authors: Hain Alexandra , Zaghi Arash E. , Kamali Armin , Zaffetti Robert P. , Overturf Bradley , Pereira Flavia E.
Published: February 2019

Corrosion at beam ends is one of the most widespread causes of damage in steel bridges. Accurate determination of the level of section loss caused by corrosion damage is critical for estimating the bearing capacity and load rating of a bridge. Current evaluation methods are labor intensive and dependent on subjective assessments by inspectors. Unique features of structured-light 3-D scanning technology offer significant potential for application in bridge inspections and corrosion damage assessment. 3-D scanners are able to provide accurate information on the pattern and amount of section loss at beam ends. However, the promise and applicability of this technology has not been investigated. In this study, a structured-light scanner was used in a trial application to evaluate its ability to create accurate, high-resolution 3-D representations of locally corroded steel beams. Scanning was performed in both a laboratory setting and on two bridges in Connecticut. The 3-D models were used to extract information such as the maximum reduction in thickness and the pattern of corrosion. This paper discusses results, observations, and recommendations for the adoption of structured-light scanning for corrosion damage assessment in bridges. The scanning data provides an enhanced form of inspection documentation including accurate representations of spatial details and colors. It is expected that the material presented in this paper facilitates the adoption of this promising technology for bridge inspection.
Henry A. Wallace as Vice President: The Last New Dealer
Authors: Wijkman Per Magnus
Published: February 2019

In his third term, Roosevelt appointed Vice President Henry A. Wallace to Chair the Board of Economic Warfare. Conflicts soon arose with Secretaries Jessie Jones and Cordell Hull. An ailing Roosevelt replaced Wallace by Leo Crowley and adopted a bipartisan policy to win the war. He abandoned the New Deal, and left to Wallace to support trade unions, to protect the rights of Blacks in the South and of those working in defense industries in the North and to champion the interests of the common man. Roosevelt dropped Wallace from the ticket in 1944 to get southern support to run for a fourth term. As Secretary of Commerce in President Truman’s cabinet, Wallace advocated normalizing relations with the U.S.S.R. But like his father before him, he now represented a minority view in a government dominated by industrial, military, and financial interests. At the urging of Secretary of State Byrnes, President Truman dismissed Wallace in 1946.

JEL Classification: F5.
Are People Trained in Economics “Different,” and if so, Why? A Literature Review
Authors: Hellmich Simon Niklas
Published: February 2019

Some argue that frequent confrontation with the homo economicus actor-concept motivates economists to adjust their behavior to that paradigm. Another thesis is that economists are different because the discipline attracts individuals with preferences that differ from those of noneconomists. This article discusses survey, experimental, and field evidence collected during this debate. In certain situations, there appear differences between the behavior of people trained in economics and other groups, but as the existing evidence is mostly ambiguous, a comprehensive picture of the nature and sources of these differences has not yet emerged. The article concludes that economics teachers and researchers should pay more attention to the influence the normative statements inherent in basic neoclassical economics can have on cognitive frames and interindividual processes in moral decision making.

JEL Classifications: A13, A2
Self-resistive electrical heating for rapid repairing of carbon fiber reinforced composite parts
Authors: Liu Shuting , Li Yingguang , Xiao Songjie , Wu Tao
Published: February 2019

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics have been widely applied in aircraft structures, which require more rapidly repairing process when carbon fiber reinforced plastics structures are damaged. A novel method of self-resistive electrical heating to rapidly repair carbon fiber reinforced plastics parts was investigated, which utilizes the electrical current passing through the carbon fiber to generate heat and directly cure the whole carbon fiber reinforced plastics patches. A portable self-resistive electrical repairer with automatic temperature control unit was developed. Repair experiments of self-resistive electrical and the electrical blanket heating were conducted, in which the heating temperature distribution field was observed by the thermal infrared imager. The degree of cure of different samples was characterized, and the cross-section morphology and void content of different samples were assessed. Flexural and inter-laminar shear tests were carried out. The experiment results showed that the flexural and interlaminar shear strength recovery ratio of self-resistive electrical repaired samples attained to 85.48% and 65.89%, which was the same or even slightly higher level as the blanket repairing process, but only cost 62% repairing period and 58% repairing energy of the later one. Finally, from the experimental results, the heat transfer behavior of different processes was analyzed.
Electro-mechanical studies of multi-functional glass fiber/epoxy reinforced composites
Authors: O’Donnell Jacob , Chalivendra Vijaya , Hall Asha , Haile Mulugeta , Nataraj Latha , Coatney Michael , Kim Yong
Published: February 2019

An experimental study is performed to investigate the electro-mechanical response of three-dimensionally conductive multi-functional glass fiber/epoxy laminated composites under quasi-static tensile loading. To generate a three-dimensional conductive network within the composites, multi-wall carbon nanotubes are embedded within the epoxy matrix and carbon fibers are reinforced between the glass fiber laminates using an electro-flocking technique. A combination of shear mixing and ultrasonication is employed to disperse carbon nanotubes inside the epoxy matrix. A vacuum infusion process is used to fabricate the laminated composites of two different carbon fiber lengths (150 µm and 350 µm) and four different carbon fiber densities (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 fibers/mm2). A four circumferential probe technique is employed to measure the in-situ electrical resistance of composites under tensile load. Although composites of both carbon fiber lengths showed significant decrease of sheet resistance under no mechanical load conditions, composites of 350 µm long carbon fibers showed the lowest resistivity of 10 Ω/sq. Unlike the resistance values, composites of 350 µm carbon fibers showed a significant decrease in Young’s modulus compared to 150 µm counterparts. For the electro-mechanical response, composites containing carbon fibers of 150 µm long demonstrated a maximum value of percentage change in resistance. These results were then compared to both 350 µm and no added carbon fibers under quasi-static tensile loading.
The case for examining fluid flow in municipal solid waste at the pore-scale – A review
Authors: Muaaz-Us-Salam Syed , Cleall Peter John , Harbottle Michael John
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we discuss recent efforts from the last 20 years to describe transport in municipal solid waste (MSW). We first discuss emerging themes in the field to draw the reader’s attention to a series of significant challenges. We then examine contributions regarding the modelling of leachate flow to study transport via mechanistic and stochastic approaches, at a variety of scales. Since MSW is a multiphase, biogeochemically active porous medium, and with the aim of providing a picture of transport phenomena in a wider context, we then discuss a selection of studies on leachate flow incorporating some of the complex landfill processes (e.g. biodegradation and settlement). It is clear from the literature survey that our understanding of transport phenomena exhibited by landfilled waste is far from complete. Attempts to model transport have largely consisted of applying representative elementary-scale models (the smallest volume which can be considered representative of the entire waste mass). Due to our limited understanding of fluid flow through landfilled waste, and the influence of simultaneously occurring biogeomechanical processes within the waste mass, elementary-scale models have been unable to fully describe the flow behaviour of MSW. Pore-scale modelling and experimental studies have proven to be a promising approach to study fluid flow through complex porous media. Here, we suggest that pore-scale modelling and experimental work may provide valuable insights into transport phenomena exhibited by MSW, which could then be used to revise elementary-scale models for improved representation of field-scale problems.
Assessing Assets Among Street-Connected Youth: New Angles With Participatory Methods in Tanzania
Authors: Johnson Laura R. , Drescher Christopher F. , Assenga Sophia H. , Marsh Rachel J.
Published: February 2019

Street-connected adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa have been neglected in scholarly research. Extant literature is largely problem focused. This study describes strengths and assets among street-connected youth in Tanzania, using a participatory, mixed methods approach. Adolescents ( N = 38, 13-17 years) in a rehabilitation center for street youth in Northern Tanzania completed a Swahili version of the Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). They engaged in participatory activities designed to capture multiple perspectives and promote maximal engagement. A subsample of youth ( n = 8) took part in photovoice to elucidate contextual details. Although exploratory, we expected (a) participants would have lower scores on the external versus internal domain of the DAP; (b) qualitative methods would support the DAP and provide complementary, contextual information; and (c) participatory methods would be important for providing varied perspectives and engaging youth in the research process. Results revealed a moderately high level of assets, with strengths in constructive use of time and commitment to school. External assets were higher than internal assets; however, different assets were emphasized across different methods. Overall, results supported the DAP framework. The participatory approaches effectively engaged youth and illuminated the culture and context of their development.
Hydrogel materials for the application of islet transplantation
Authors: Xu Liancheng , Guo Yibing , Huang Yan , Xu Yang , Lu Yuhua , Wang Zhiwei
Published: February 2019

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a serious disease comprising approximately 10% of all diabetes cases, and the global incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is steadily rising without any promise of a cure in the near future. Although islet transplantation has proven to be an effective means of treating type 1 diabetes mellitus and promoting insulin independence in patients, its widespread implementation has been severely constrained by instances of post-transplantation islet cell death, rejection, and severe adverse immune responses. Islet encapsulation is an active area of research aimed at shielding implanted islets from immunological rejection and inflammation while still allowing for effective insulin and nutrient exchange with donor cells. Given their promising physical and chemical properties, hydrogels have been a major subject of focus in the field of islet transplantation and encapsulation technology, offering promising advances towards immunologically privileged islet implants. The present review therefore summarizes the current state of research regarding the use of hydrogels in the context of islet transplantation, including both natural molecular hydrogels and artificial polymer hydrogels, with the goal of understanding the current strengths and weaknesses of this treatment strategy.
Addressing Intimate Partner Violence Using Gender-Transformative Approaches at a Community Level in Rural Tanzania: The UZIKWASA program
Authors: Lees Shelley , Marchant Mark , Desmond Nicola
Published: February 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as an important public health and social problem, with far-reaching consequences for women’s physical and emotional health and social well-being, yet little is known about how behavior change campaigns (BCCs) affect this type of behavior and other related abuses in Tanzania and in other sub-Saharan African countries. UZIKWASA is a civil society organization based in Pangani District in coastal Tanzania and since 2009 has conducted BCCs focused on promoting gender justice and effective leadership. As with other complex programs there is a question about how such approaches affect norms and practice in relation to violence against women and girls. Drawing on longitudinal research utilizing more than 1000 community diary entries (hearsay ethnographies) and qualitative methods using 20 in-depth interviews and 16 focus group discussions with women and men, and adolescent girls and boys, this article explores the ways in which UZIKWASA’s program effects change. The findings reveal personal and community narratives about gender-based and IPV as forms of retributive justice and assertion of authority by men. Drawing on gender performance as an explanation for violence, the research revealed changes in norms and practice in relation to violence against women and girls. Thus, we argue that UZIKWASA is gender-transformative by addressing gender norms and the critical awareness among leaders and the community of the social construction and reconstruction of gender that creates the context for real impact on changes in behavior.
Appropriateness of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Dosing in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Leef George C. , Perino Alexander C. , Askari Mariam , Fan Jun , Ho P. Michael , Olivier Christoph B. , Longo Lisa , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Turakhia Mintu P.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have strict dosing guidelines, but recent studies indicate that inappropriate dosing is common, particularly in chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which it has been reported to be as high as 43%. Since 2011, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) has implemented anticoagulation management programs for DOACs, generally led by pharmacists, which has previously been shown to improve medication adherence.

Objective:

We investigated the prevalence of overdosing and underdosing of DOACs in the VA.

Methods:

Using data from the TREAT-AF cohort study (The Retrospective Evaluation and Assessment of Therapies in AF), we identified VA patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) and receipt of a DOAC between 2003 and 2015. We classified dosing as correct, overdosed, or underdosed based on the Food and Drug Administration–approved dosing criteria.

Results:

Of 230 762 patients, 5060 received dabigatran (77.3%) or rivaroxaban (22.7%) within 90 days of AF diagnosis (age 69 [10[ years; CHA2DS2-VASc 1.6 [1.4]), of which 1312 (25.9%) had CKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate <60. Overall, 93.6% of patients, 83.2% with CKD, received appropriate DOAC dosing. Incorrect dosing increased with worsening renal function.

Conclusion:

Compared to recent studies of commercial payers and health-care systems, incorrect dosing of DOACs is less common across the VA. Pharmacist-led DOAC management or similar anticoagulation management interventions may reduce the risk of incorrect dosing across health-care systems.
Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Management Strategies: A Narrative Review
Authors: Buckley Mitchell S. , Dzierba Amy L. , Muir Justin , Gonzales Jeffrey P.
Published: February 2019

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a common complication associated with significant negative outcomes in critically ill patients. Lung-protective mechanical ventilation strategies remain the cornerstone in the management of ARDS. Several therapeutic options are currently available including fluid management, neuromuscular blocking agents, prone positioning, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, corticosteroids, and inhaled pulmonary vasodilating agents (prostacyclins and nitric oxide). Unfortunately, an evidence-based, standard-of-care approach in managing ARDS beyond lung-protective ventilation remains elusive, contributing to significant variability in clinical practice. Although the optimal therapeutic strategy for managing moderate to severe ARDS remains extremely controversial, therapies supported with more robust clinical evidence should be considered first. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the published clinical evidence for both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management strategies in adult patients with moderate to severe ARDS as well as to discuss practical considerations for implementation.
Buckling and vibration characteristics of a carbon nanotube-reinforced spinning cantilever cylindrical 3D shell conveying viscous fluid flow and carrying spring-mass systems under various temperature distributions
Authors: Ebrahimi Farzad , Hajilak Zanyar Esmailpoor , Habibi Mostafa , Safarpour Hamed
Published: February 2019

In this article, buckling and vibrational behaviors of a carbon nanotube reinforced spinning cylindrical thick shell carrying spring–mass systems and conveying viscous fluid flow are investigated under various temperature distributions. Also, the installed sensors on the proposed system are considered as a tip mass. The uniform distribution and the functionally graded distribution patterns of reinforcement are considered. The modeled cylindrical thick shell and governing equations are derived by a new three-dimensional refined higher-order theory. Finally, the effects of various types of carbon nanotube reinforcements and other parameters on buckling and vibrational characteristics of the structure are investigated in detail.
Neoliberal Governmentality, Public Microfinance and Poverty in Bangladesh: Who are the Actual Beneficiaries?
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Shahjahan , Ahmmed Faisal , Hossain Md. Ismail
Published: February 2019

Most of the earlier studies examined the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction. Few studies emphasized on the broader policy framework and implementation process—the actors and factors associated with the process, which are critical to make an impact. This study is an attempt to explore whether public microfinance service reaches to the poorest through qualitative case study evidence. Some quantitative studies argued that non-profit-oriented Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have greater outreach than profit-oriented MFIs. This study argues that even the non-profit MFIs could not reach to the poorest through adoption of neoliberal governmentality by demonstrating the Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB), a public organization dedicated for poverty reduction in Bangladesh, as a case. The study found that neoliberal policy of market solution of poverty problem provides a financial market for the better off instead of the poor.
Relationship Between Preferences for Advance Directive Treatments and Decisional Conflicts Among Low-Income, Home-Based Cancer Management Recipients in Korea
Authors: Kim Miyeong , Heo Seongkum , Hur Jung-Yi , Shim JaeLan , Kim JinShil
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Data-based research has rarely addressed advance directives (ADs) in community-dwelling Korean cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between AD treatment choices and decisional conflicts among low-income, home-based cancer management recipients. Method: This study uses a cross-sectional, correlational design. The cancer survivors completed the questionnaires (Korean-Advance Directive model and Decisional Conflict Scale). Results: Among the 103 participants (average age 67.92 years), 56.3% had solid cancer. Hospice care was the most desired (68.9%), followed by hemodialysis (18.4%), cardiopulmonary resuscitation/ventilation support (15.5% for each), and chemotherapy (12.6%). Patients who were older, unmarried, unemployed, or underweight/obese; lived alone; or had lower education experienced greater decisional conflicts. In the multivariate analyses, no hospice preference was associated with greater decisional conflicts ( t = −2.63, p = .01). Discussion: Early integration of AD discussion with the nurse-led, home-based service for this vulnerable population could serve as a liaison for quality and continuity of cancer survivorship care.
Parametric investigation of twin tube magnetorheological dampers using a new unsteady theoretical analysis
Authors: Zolfagharian Mohammad Mehdi , Kayhani Mohammad Hassan , Norouzi Mahmood , Jalali Amir
Published: February 2019

In the present work, a new unsteady analytical model is developed for magnetorheological fluid flow through the annular gap which is opened on the piston head of twin tube magnetorheological damper, considering fluid inertia term into the momentum equation. This new unsteady model is based on Stokes’ second problem that is extended for magnetorheological fluid flow between finite oscillating parallel plates under the pressure gradient. A quasi-static analysis is also developed for magnetorheological fluid flow in twin tube damper, to compare its results with present unsteady solution and to show the effect of magnetorheological fluid inertia. The obtained results are validated experimentally and then, a parametric study is presented using both unsteady and quasi-static analysis. The effect of fluid inertia term is investigated on force–displacement and force–velocity loops, magnetorheological fluid velocity profile, pressure drop, phase difference between pressure drop and flow rate and change of plug thickness with time duration. According to the obtained results, quasi-static analysis included considerable error respect to new unsteady analysis as the gap height, magnetorheological fluid density, excitation frequencies and amplitudes are increased and yield stress is decreased. It is found that the plug thickness is considerably affected by inertia term of magnetorheological fluid.
Intensive Triangulation of Qualitative Research and Quantitative Data to Improve Recruitment to Randomized Trials: The QuinteT Approach
Authors: Rooshenas Leila , Paramasivan Sangeetha , Jepson Marcus , Donovan Jenny L.
Published: February 2019

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can provide high quality evidence about the comparative effectiveness of health care interventions, but many RCTs struggle with or fail to complete recruitment. RCTs are built on the principles of the experimental method, but their planning, conduct, and interpretation can depend on complex social, behavioral, and cultural factors that may be best understood through qualitative research. Most qualitative studies undertaken alongside RCTs involve interviews that produce data that are used in a supportive or supplicatory role, but there is potential for qualitative research to be more influential. In this article, we describe the research methods underpinning the “QuinteT” (Qualitative Research Integrated Within Trials) approach to understand and address RCT recruitment difficulties. The QuinteT Recruitment Intervention (QRI) brings together multiple qualitative strategies and quantitative data and uses triangulation to understand recruitment issues rapidly. These nuanced understandings are used to inform the implementation of collaborative actions to improve recruitment.
Family Dynamics Following Disclosure as LGB: A Narratology
Authors: Goodrich Kristopher M. , Trahan Don P. , Brammer M. Kathryn
Published: February 2019

This article describes a qualitative project, utilizing a narratology approach, to explore the experiences of five participants identified as belonging to two distinct families whose son and daughter identified as gay and bisexual (GB). Respondents in this study included the GB-identified son and daughter and their parents, to explore the impact of the disclosure process within families in the Southwestern United States. Both families expressed different types of experiences following the disclosure, which provide case studies toward family interventions. Implications for counseling practice and future research will be explored.
New, Not Different: Data-Driven Perspectives on Science Festival Audiences
Authors: Nielsen Katherine , Gathings M. J. , Peterman Karen
Published: February 2019

This commentary explores the kinds of audiences who attend science festivals in the United States by examining data from nearly 10,000 attendees from 24 festivals. Findings are presented to describe festival audiences overall and in comparison to national census and polling data. Results are similar to those for other public science events, with the majority of attendees being well-educated and middle-class. Even so, approximately two thirds of festival-goers are new each year. The findings are discussed in relation to evidence that begins to establish a typology of public science event attendees, and the need to reach “new” versus “different” audiences.
Adapting a Sexual Violence Primary Prevention Program to Ghana Utilizing the ADAPT-ITT Framework
Authors: Munro-Kramer Michelle L. , Rominski Sarah D. , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Darteh Eugene K. M. , Huhman Anne , Stephenson Rob
Published: February 2019

Prevention of sexual violence among young people has become a priority area in Ghana, although few initiatives have focused on this topic. The ADAPT-ITT (Assessment, Decisions, Administration, Production, Topical experts, Integration, Training staff, and Testing) framework was used to systematically adapt an evidence-based sexual violence prevention program developed in the United States to a university in Ghana. Results from cognitive interviews, focus groups, beta testing, and topical experts indicate the adapted primary prevention program is promising for use in Ghanaian universities. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has used the ADAPT-ITT framework for a sexual violence program.
Voting Can Be Hard, Information Helps
Authors: Crowder-Meyer Melody , Gadarian Shana Kushner , Trounstine Jessica
Published: February 2019

Many U.S. elections provide voters with precious little information about candidates on the ballot. In local contests, party labels are often absent. In primary elections, party labels are not useful. Indeed, much of the time, voters have only the name of the candidate to go by. In these contexts, how do voters make decisions? Using several experiments, we find that voters use candidates’ race, ethnicity, and gender as cues for whom to support—penalizing candidates of color and benefiting women. But we also demonstrate that providing even a small amount of information to voters—such as candidate occupation—virtually erases the effects of candidate demographics on voter behavior, even among voters with high levels of racial and gender prejudice.
Treatment-refractory paraneoplastic opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome in a patient with small-cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Alkan Ali , Cenikli Utku , Uylaş Selçuk , Yılmaz Mehmet , Çakır Tümay , Çetinkaya Halil , Kıran Alkan , Tanrıverdi Özgür
Published: February 2019

Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome is a rare disease and traditionally described as “dancing eyes, dancing feet syndrome.” It is characterized by opsoclonus (oscillations of the eyes in either horizontally or vertically) and myoclonus (spontaneous jerky movements of the limbs and trunk). There are numerous etiological factors defined such as paraneoplastic, para-infectious, toxic-metabolic, and idiopathic causes. The experience of opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome in adults is very limited. Here, we present a case of treatment-refractory paraneoplastic opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome associated with small-cell carcinoma of the lung.
Assessing safe food handling knowledge and practices of food service managers in Doha, Qatar
Authors: Asim Hammad S , Elnemr Israa , Goktepe Ipek , Feng Hao , Park Hee K , Alzeyara Sheikha , AlHajri Mohammad , Kushad Mosbah
Published: February 2019

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess safe food handling practices, food safety knowledge, and adherence to implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point among 53 food safety managers working in randomly selected food service establishments in Qatar. Face-to-face interviews with the managers at each participating food service establishment were conducted using a survey consisting of 40 questions in October–December 2015. In addition to the survey questionnaire, a checklist was used to determine the implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point by observing actual practices applied at each food service establishment. About 66 and 68% of managers had college degree and were trained on Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, respectively. Results also showed that casual sit-in and fine dine-in restaurants were the only food service establishments that consistently kept records on safe food handling practices (100%), followed by fast-food food service establishments (36%). Managers' training and education level were highly correlated with the probability of their employees receiving food safety training. This first assessment on food safety knowledge and practices in Qatar demonstrated that training and education are important factors that directly impact the food safety culture in food service establishments. These findings may help government agencies establish guidelines for compulsory on-site training of food handlers for effective food safety practices in food service establishments in Qatar where the fast growing demography has led to a rapid growth in food service establishment in different cuisines leading to heterogeneity in food safety practices.
Language Consideration and Methodological Transparency in “Systematic” Reviews of Animal Toxicity Studies
Authors: Alpi Kristine M. , Vo Tram A. , Dorman David C.
Published: February 2019

This study evaluated the use of non-English literature (NEL) in systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses (MAs) of animal-based toxicity or communicable disease (CD) studies. A secondary goal was to assess how grant funding, country of primary authorship, or study quality reporting influenced the use of NEL in these reviews. Inclusion criteria and data extraction forms were based on a pilot evaluation of a 10% random sample of reviews that were identified from a PubMed search (2006 to May 2017). This search yielded 111 animal toxicity and 69 CD reviews. Reviews (33 animal toxicity and 32 CD studies) were included when the authors identified their work as an SR or MA, described a literature search strategy, and provided defined inclusion criteria. Extracted data included PubMed indexing of publication type, author affiliations, and grant funding. Language use was mentioned in the methods in 55% of the toxicity SRs and 69% of CD SRs, of which 44% (n = 8) and 41% (n = 9) were limited to English, respectively. Neither the study type, grant funding, nor first author country of affiliation was associated with an increased consideration of NEL. Study quality reporting was more common in SRs that considered multiple languages. Despite guidelines that encourage the use of NEL in SRs and translation tools, SR/MA authors often fail to report language inclusion or focus on English publications. Librarian involvement in SR can promote awareness of relevant NEL and collaborative and technological strategies to improve their incorporation into the SR process.
A Global Overview of Poison Treatment Apps and Databases
Authors: Poojari Pooja G. , Thunga Girish , Nair Sreedharan , Kunhikatta Vijayanarayana , Rao Mahadev
Published: February 2019

Acute poisoning is a serious health problem that is associated with high mortality. Management of acute poisoning cases in the critical care settings is the biggest challenge due to the difficulty in identification of poison involved. Immediate information about the poisoning and its management is crucial in the early diagnosis, treatment, and in the prevention of poisoning complications. Poison information resources, such as various poison apps and databases, are essential for the retrieval of updated and quick information on poisoning. Through provision of information to the public and to health care professionals, apps and databases play a significant role in the management of poisoning cases.
For the love of our children: an Indigenous connectedness framework
Authors: Ullrich Jessica Saniguq
Published: February 2019

This article draws on Indigenous literature to develop a conceptual framework that makes visible Indigenous child wellbeing. A process of qualitative content analysis identified and examined the core concepts and mechanisms of Indigenous wellbeing. Central to the framework is the concept of connectedness. The premise of this article is that deepening our understanding of Indigenous connectedness can assist with the restoration of knowledge and practices that promote child wellbeing. When children are able to engage in environmental, community, family, intergenerational and spiritual connectedness, this contributes to a synergistic outcome of collective wellbeing. The Indigenous Connectedness Framework may be particularly useful to Indigenous communities that directly serve children. The hope is that communities can adapt the Indigenous Connectedness Framework to their particular history, culture, stories, customs and ways of life.
Towards an organisational theory of hubris: Symptoms, behaviours and social fields within finance and banking
Authors: Tourish Dennis
Published: February 2019

Hubris has become a popular explanation for all kinds of business failure. It is often reduced to the one-dimensional notion of ‘over-confidence’, particularly on the part of CEOs. There is a need to clarify the extent to which other attitudes and behaviours constitute hubris, and how they are affected by such organisational dynamics as the struggle for power, status and material rewards between actors. This article explores these issues within the finance and banking sectors. It uses the Critical Incident Technique to identify behaviours associated with hubris and probes the interaction between them and the organisational contexts in which they occur. Five categories of behaviour based on an analysis of 101 incidents are described, as are a series of ‘inflection dynamics’ that reinforce the behaviours in question and constitute a social field conducive to hubris. I challenge the reductionist views that hubris is primarily a psychological state consisting mainly of ‘over-confidence’. This article seeks to complexify the term hubris and to develop an organisational rather than purely psychology theory of its emergence and institutionalisation within finance and banking.
Trends in the Incidence, Etiology, Treatment, and Outcomes of Pleural Infections in Adults Over a Decade in a Finnish University Hospital
Authors: Lehtomäki A. , Nevalainen R. , Ukkonen M. , Nieminen J. , Laurikka J. , Khan J.
Published: February 2019

Background and Aims:

The aim of the study was to ascertain changes in the incidence, etiology, treatment, and outcomes of pleural infections over a decade in a Finnish University Hospital.

Materials and Methods:

All patients treated for pleural infections in Tampere University Hospital during 2000–2008 and 2012–2016 were included. The incidence rates and the epidemiologic data and medical history of patients, etiology of infection, and treatment trends and outcomes were compared between the cohorts.

Results:

The incidence of pleural infections increased from 4.4 during 2000–2008 to 9.9 during 2012–2016 per 100.000 patient-years, p < 0.001. The patients in the latter group were older, 63 versus 57 years, p = 0.001, and the prevalence of chronic lung disease, hypertension, heart failure, dyslipidemia, and immunosuppressive medication were higher. The causes of infection remained similar and pneumonia accounted for 70% of all cases. The identification rate of the microbe pathogens increased from 49% to 64%, p = 0.002, while the distribution of identified pathogens was unchanged. More patients in the latter cohort were treated operatively, 88.3% versus 80.9%, p = 0.005, and, in these, the proportion of thoracoscopic surgery was higher, 57.4% versus 8.0%, p < 0.001, and the delay to surgery shorter, 5 versus 7 days, p < 0.001. Radiologic outcomes were similar. The 30-day mortality rate was 3.1% during 2000–2008 and 5.1% during 2012–2016, p = 0.293.

conclusion:

The overall incidence of pleural infections has increased significantly while the causes of pleural infections and the distribution of pathogens remain unchanged. Contemporary patients are older with higher prevalence of comorbidities and more frequently undergo thoracoscopic surgery.