bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes free of cardiovascular disease and its relationship with clinical characteristics: The DIACAR cohort study
Authors: Antakly‐Hanon Yara , Ben Hamou Adrien , Garçon Philippe , Moeuf Yoann , Banu Isabela , Fumery Maxime , Voican Adela , Abassade Philippe , Oriez Constance , Chatellier Gilles , Dupuy Olivier , Cador Romain , Komajda Michel
Published: October 2020

Aims

To assess the prevalence, type and clinical factors associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by performing a comprehensive echocardiographic Doppler assessment including speckle tracking.

Methods

Two hundred T2DM patients without overt cardiovascular disease were prospectively enrolled in a single‐centre cohort study between 2018 and 2019.

Results

Left ventricular mass was increased in 24 patients (12%) and relative wall thickness (h/r) was increased in 46 patients (23%). Left atrial (LA) enlargement was observed in 27 patients (13.6%) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) was reduced in 38 patients (20.3%). In univariate analysis, LV hypertrophy (LVH) or increased h/r were associated with age, renal function, hypertension and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma level. LA dilation was associated with age, history of hypertension, diabetes duration and complications, insulin treatment, BNP level and renal function. GLS was associated with body mass index (BMI) and, in a borderline manner, with diabetes duration. In multivariate analysis, hypertension was associated with LVH and with h/r and a borderline relationship was observed for female gender (LVH), age and insulin treatment (h/r). Age, hypertension and, in a borderline manner, insulin treatment were associated with LA dilation. BMI and shorter diabetes duration were associated with reduced GLS.

Conclusion

A high prevalence of asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction/structural abnormalities was observed in patients with T2DM without overt cardiac disease and was associated with either age, diabetes duration or treatment and with comorbidities including hypertension and obesity. Whether these preclinical abnormalities are associated with poor outcomes warrants further study.
Altitudinal migration of insects
Authors: Kimura Masahito T.
Published: October 2020

A number of insects have been suggested to perform seasonal migration between low‐ and high‐altitude areas. In these insects, support for the occurrence of migration mainly came from observations that focal insects disappeared from a certain range of altitudes but appeared at different altitudes with short time lags. In some insects, further support was obtained by mark–recapture studies, analyses of the seasonal change of age structure or reproductive conditions in individuals from different altitudes and studies on dormancy or temperature tolerance. Other means that can be used to assess the occurrence of altitudinal migration are briefly mentioned. Two types of migration, the dormancy‐associated and dormancy‐independent types, are discriminated. In the former type, insects usually breed in spring, migrate to high‐altitude areas in late spring or early summer, usually for aestivation, and return to low‐altitude areas in autumn. In this type, the same individuals perform upward and downward migration. In the latter type, insects also perform upward migration in late spring or early summer and downward migration in autumn, but they breed both in low‐ and high‐altitude areas. The adaptive and evolutionary aspects of altitudinal migration are briefly mentioned.
The molecular mechanisms that determine different degrees of polyphagy in the Bemisia tabaci species complex
Authors: Malka Osnat , Feldmesser Ester , van Brunschot Sharon , Santos‐Garcia Diego , Han Wen‐Hao , Seal Susan , Colvin John , Morin Shai
Published: October 2020

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a closely related group of >35 cryptic species that feed on the phloem sap of a broad range of host plants. Species in the complex differ in their host‐range breadth, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We investigated, therefore, how six different B. tabaci species cope with the environmental unpredictability presented by a set of four common and novel host plants. Behavioral studies indicated large differences in performances on the four hosts and putative specialization of one of the species to cassava plants. Transcriptomic analyses revealed two main insights. First, a large set of genes involved in metabolism (>85%) showed differences in expression between the six species, and each species could be characterized by its own unique expression pattern of metabolic genes. However, within species, these genes were constitutively expressed, with a low level of environmental responsiveness (i.e., to host change). Second, within each species, sets of genes mainly associated with the super‐pathways “environmental information processing” and “organismal systems” responded to the host switching events. These included genes encoding for proteins involved in sugar homeostasis, signal transduction, membrane transport, and immune, endocrine, sensory and digestive responses. Our findings suggested that the six B. tabaci species can be divided into four performance/transcriptomic “Types” and that polyphagy can be achieved in multiple ways. However, polyphagy level is determined by the specific identity of the metabolic genes/pathways that are enriched and overexpressed in each species (the species' individual metabolic “tool kit”).
Performance and rideability issues in horses as a manifestation of pain: A review of differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach
Authors: Kjærulff L. N. R. , Lindegaard C.
Published: October 2020

Nonspecific performance and rideability issues are more likely a manifestation of pain in the ridden horse rather than a true behavioural problem. A systematic and thorough investigation focusing on the potential presence of pain‐related conditions is thus crucial in horses with such complaints. It can, however, be challenging to determine whether the complaint is indeed related to pain, where the pain is located, and what the underlying cause is. This review describes the challenges of pain recognition in ridden horses and summarises the recently developed ridden horse ethograms that might enable pain to be assessed in an objective, valid and reliable way. Furthermore, the differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach to horses presenting potentially pain‐related performance and rideability issues are discussed.
BRN2 and MITF together impact AXL expression in melanoma
Authors: Simmons Jacinta L. , Neuendorf Hannah M. , Boyle Glen M.
Published: October 2020

The inverse relationship between transcription factor MITF and receptor tyrosine kinase AXL has received much attention recently. It is thought that melanoma tumors showing AXLhigh/MITFlow levels are resistant to therapy. We show here that a population of cells within melanoma tumors with extremely high expression of AXL are negative/low for both MITF and the transcription factor BRN2. Depletion of both transcription factors from cultured melanoma cell lines produced an increase in AXL expression greater than depletion of MITF alone. Further, re‐expression of BRN2 led to decreased AXL expression, indicating a role for BRN2 in regulation of AXL levels unrelated to effects on MITF level. As AXL has been recognized as a marker of therapy resistance, these cells may represent a population of cells responsible for disease relapse and as potential targets for therapeutic treatment.
Headache in Medical Residents: A Cross‐Sectional Web‐Based Survey
Authors: de Mélo Silva Júnior Mário Luciano , Melo Thayanara Silva , de Sousa Menezes Neila Clediane , Valença Marcelo Moraes , Sampaio Rocha‐Filho Pedro Augusto
Published: October 2020

Background

Although a common complaint and related to factors frequently present in medical residency such as psychological distress, depression, and anxiety, headache is an issue poorly explored among medical residents.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study enrolling medical residents from all geographic regions of Brazil. We applied an online structured survey with demographic and residency program‐related questions, as well as validated tools to assess burnout, diurnal somnolence, anxiety, depression, and migraine.

Results

The link to the survey received 1989 clicks, of which 1421 individuals completed the questionnaire (71.4% of all clicks). The prevalence of at least 1 headache attack in the last 3 months was 1236/1419 (87.1%); migraine occurred in 400/1419 (28.2%). Frequent headache attacks (headaches occurring daily or often) were associated with female sex (OR = 1.80 [95%CI = 1.36‐2.37]), substantial weight gain (1.93 [1.38‐2.70]), migraine (5.49 [4.16‐7.24]), anxiety (1.45 [1.06‐1.98]), depression (1.98 [1.47‐2.67]), emotional exhaustion domain of burnout (1.49 [1.09‐2.04]), and diurnal somnolence symptoms (1.32 [1.00‐1.76]). Headaches with functional impact were associated with female sex (1.39 [1.10‐1.74]), clinical training areas (1.32 [1.06‐1.65]), anxiety (1.74 [1.38‐2.21]), an unsatisfactory work‐life balance (1.57 [1.17‐2.09]), the emotional exhaustion component of burnout (1.49 [1.14‐1.94]), and an unsatisfactory subjective learning curve (1.30 [1.02‐1.67]). Migraine was associated with female sex (3.10 [2.34‐4.13]), anxiety (2.53 [1.94‐3.31]), more than 60 hours duty‐hours in residency (1.66 [1.29‐2.15]), psychological abuse from patients (1.42 [1.06‐1.90]) and a clinical training area (1.34 [1.04‐1.73]).

Conclusion

Headaches among medical residents are frequent and are related not only to depression, anxiety, burnout, and diurnal somnolence, but also to aspects closely related to residency training such as the occurrence of mistreatment, longer duty‐hours, a poor work‐life balance, and an unsatisfactory learning curve.
Single nucleus transcriptomics data integration recapitulates the major cell types in human liver
Authors: Diamanti Klev , Inda Díaz Juan Salvador , Raine Amanda , Pan Gang , Wadelius Claes , Cavalli Marco
Published: October 2020

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore the benefits of data integration from different platforms for single nucleus transcriptomics profiling to characterize cell populations in human liver.

Methods

We generated single‐nucleus RNA sequencing data from Chromium 10X Genomics and Drop‐seq for a human liver sample. We utilized state of the art bioinformatics tools to undertake a rigorous quality control and to integrate the data into a common space summarizing the gene expression variation from the respective platforms, while accounting for known and unknown confounding factors.

Results

Analysis of single nuclei transcriptomes from both 10X and Drop‐seq allowed identification of the major liver cell types, while the integrated set obtained enough statistical power to separate a small population of inactive hepatic stellate cells that was not characterized in either of the platforms.

Conclusions

Integration of droplet‐based single nucleus transcriptomics data enabled identification of a small cluster of inactive hepatic stellate cells that highlights the potential of our approach. We suggest single‐nucleus RNA sequencing integrative approaches could be utilized to design larger and cost‐effective studies.
Laugier‐Hunziker syndrome: a case report of the pediatric patient and review of the literature
Authors: Sputa‐Grzegrzolka Patrycja , Wozniak Zdzislaw , Akutko Katarzyna , Pytrus Tomasz , Baran Wojciech , Calik Jacek , Glatzel‐Plucinska Natalia , Domagala Zygmunt , Podhorska‐Okolow Marzenna , Stawarski Andrzej , Dziegiel Piotr
Published: October 2020

Laugier‐Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is a rare, idiopathic pigmentary disorder especially affecting the lips and oral mucosa. At present, no more than 200 cases of patients diagnosed with LHS syndrome have been described worldwide. To date, three patients under the age of 20 have been described, including the youngest patient who is a 12‐year‐old child. The exact etiology of LHS still remains uncertain, as there is no evidence of systemic symptoms or increased cancer risk. The final diagnosis of LHS is possible after the exclusion of other, more serious diseases involving skin‐mucosal hyperpigmentation, mainly Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and Addison's disease (AD). Herein, we present a 16‐year‐old patient who has been diagnosed with oral hyperpigmentation since the age of 13. We reviewed the clinical and histological findings. In addition, we discussed the differential diagnosis of mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation.
A bibliometric analysis of publication of funded studies in nursing research from Web of Science, 2008–2018
Authors: Zhu Ruifang , Liu Mengyue , Su Yanbing , Meng Xin , Han Shifan , Duan Zhiguang
Published: October 2020

Aim

To analyse the current status and publication trends of funded studies in nursing‐related research from 2008 to 2018, available in the Web of Science.

Design

A longitudinal bibliometric analysis of publications of funded studies in nursing‐related research, obtained from the Web of Science, was conducted.

Methods

On 10 May 2019, we accessed 77,772 funded studies (2008–2018) from the Web of Science. Bibliometric methods and indicators were used to classify the publications and summarize the overall number, countries/regions, institutions, journals, and other parameters of the publications.

Results

The global output of nursing‐related funded research publications increased significantly over time. The three leading countries with the highest number of funded publications were the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom, with the United States accounting for 15 of the top 20 institutions associated with funded publications, which mostly included institutions of higher education. The most common disciplines of these publications were oncology, psychiatry, and paediatrics. The top three journals that published the largest number of nursing‐related funded publications were the Journal of Clinical Nursing, the Journal of Advanced Nursing, and the International Journal of Nursing Studies. Keywords with the highest frequency of occurrence included “nurses,” “qualitative research,” “older people,” “quality of life,” “depression,” “cancer,” and “children.”

Conclusions

Nursing‐related research has been drawing increasing attention over the years. Analysing the output of funded publications and monitoring the new dynamics of the international development of academic research in the field of nursing are crucial for determining future directions of nursing‐related research development.

Impact

The results of this study will provide a reference for scholars to evaluate the current utilization efficiency of global nursing‐related research funding and demonstrate the development and trends in nursing‐related research.
Commentary: Splitting and lumping brain and childhood adversity measures – a commentary on Gheorghe, Li, Gallacher, and Bauermeister (2020)
Authors: Tiemeier Henning
Published: October 2020

The article by Gheorghe, Li, Gallacher & Bauermeister (2020) reports a neuroimaging study of childhood adversity assessed retrospectively in persons aged, on average, 62 years. Severe child maltreatment has repeatedly been related to enduring alterations in brain structure. These studies are typically conducted in high‐risk samples, often combining different forms of adversity that co‐occur in one adversity score. The authors chose to separately analyse each of three adversity questions that tap into emotional abuse, neglect and physical abuse. In contrast, the brain structural measures are combined to several latent variables. In this commentary, I argue that this analytical strategy, which runs counter to the common practice, is a strength of the study. As such, it provides important evidence of long‐term brain developmental consequences of early adversities. The results suggest that memories of emotional abuse, but not other common adversities, are associated with differences in the cerebellum and part of the striatum only.
Wear debris released by hip prosthesis analysed by microcomputed tomography
Authors: CHAPPARD D. , RONY L. , DUCELLIER F. , STEIGER V. , HUBERT L.
Published: October 2020

Total hip arthroplasty uses commercial devices that combine different types of biomaterials. Among them, metals, ceramics and metal oxides can be used either in the prosthesis itself or in the cement used to anchor them in the bone. Over time, all of these materials can wear out and release particles that accumulate in the periprosthetic tissues or can migrate away. We used histology blocks from 15 patients (5 titanium metallosis, 5 alumina prostheses, 5 with altered methacrylic cement) to perform a microCT study and compare it with conventional histology data. An EDS‐SEM analysis was done to characterise the atomic nature of the materials involved. A morphometric analysis was also performed in 3D to count the particles and assess their density and size. The metallic particles appeared to be the largest and the ceramic particles the finest. However, microCT could not reveal the wear particles of radiolucent biomaterials such as polyethylene and the very fine zirconia particles from cement fragmentation. MicroCT analysis can reveal the extent of the accumulation of these debris in the periprosthetic tissues.

Layout Description

Hip prostheses progressively degrade in the body by releasing wear debris. They accumulate in the periprosthetic tissues. Microcomputed tomography was used to image three types of radio‐opaque wear debris: metal, ceramic and zirconia used in the bone cements.
Desert truffle genomes reveal their reproductive modes and new insights into plant–fungal interaction and ectendomycorrhizal lifestyle
Authors: Marqués‐Gálvez José Eduardo , Miyauchi Shingo , Paolocci Francesco , Navarro‐Ródenas Alfonso , Arenas Francisco , Pérez‐Gilabert Manuela , Morin Emmanuelle , Auer Lucas , Barry Kerrie W. , Kuo Alan , Grigoriev Igor V. , Martin Francis M. , Kohler Annegret , Morte Asunción
Published: October 2020

Desert truffles are edible hypogeous fungi forming ectendomycorrhizal symbiosis with plants of Cistaceae family. Knowledge about the reproductive modes of these fungi and the molecular mechanisms driving the ectendomycorrhizal interaction is lacking.

Genomes of the highly appreciated edible desert truffles Terfezia claveryi Chatin and Tirmania nivea Trappe have been sequenced and compared with other Pezizomycetes. Transcriptomes of T. claveryi × Helianthemum almeriense mycorrhiza from well‐watered and drought‐stressed plants, when intracellular colonizations is promoted, were investigated.

We have identified the fungal genes related to sexual reproduction in desert truffles and desert‐truffles‐specific genomic and secretomic features with respect to other Pezizomycetes, such as the expansion of a large set of gene families with unknown Pfam domains and a number of species or desert‐truffle‐specific small secreted proteins differentially regulated in symbiosis. A core set of plant genes, including carbohydrate, lipid‐metabolism, and defence‐related genes, differentially expressed in mycorrhiza under both conditions was found.

Our results highlight the singularities of desert truffles with respect to other mycorrhizal fungi while providing a first glimpse on plant and fungal determinants involved in ecto to endo symbiotic switch that occurs in desert truffle under dry conditions.
Studying the probability of spruce beetle caused mortality in Colorado's spruce forests using Bayesian hierarchical models
Authors: Suksavate Warong , Wei Yu , Lundquist John
Published: October 2020

The association between environmental factors and Engelmann spruce mortality in western Colorado was investigated using Bayesian hierarchical zero‐and‐one inflated beta regressive model. The results indicated that the probability of mortality occurrence rate was positively associated with moderate to warm temperature zones, moderate precipitation, and single canopy stands with the smaller size class of spruce within stands. The probability of full mortality rate was positively associated with warm and humid climate zones with spruce as subdominant species in the vertically complex stands. On the other hand, higher mortality rate was more associated with local stand characteristics than climate factors that low mortality rate associated with stands dominated by spruce of a large size classes. The correlation model offers an approach to create predicted risk map for probability and rate of spruce mortality that could help manager in precedent planning for the upcoming outbreak events.

Recommendations for Resource Managers

This study aims to investigate the environmental association of spruce bark beetle caused mortality in landscape context with binomial‐beta hierarchical framework.

Both regional‐scale climate and stand‐level characteristics should be considered to assess the risk and severity of outbreak caused mortality at a large spatial scale.

The mortality risk is higher and more severe in warmer zones, especially the stands with spruce as subdominant tree species should be more concerned.

Predicted map could improve the ability to spatially assess the risk of spruce mortality assisting managers to be better prepared for the future outbreaks, particularly in the risky area.
The use of intravenous amiodarone in patients with atrial fibrillation and Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome
Authors: Ren Jiameng , Yang Yanmin , Zhu Jun , Wu Shuang , Wang Juan , Zhang Han , Shao Xinghui
Published: October 2020

Background

It was reported that intravenous amiodarone might induce ventricular fibrillation for acute treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome. No study was done to assess its application comprehensively in this population.

Methods

This study was a retrospective analysis and undertaken by reviewing medical records and electronic databases to search for patients admitted with tachycardia resulting from WPW syndrome and AF, who have intravenously administrated amiodarone at the emergency department from January 2008 to June 2018.

Results

Thirty patients were involved in this study, of which 27 were males. The mean age of the patients was 47.8 ± 17.0 years. The mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 111.9 ± 18.3 mmHg and 76.1 ± 14.6 mmHg, respectively. The mean heart rate was 171 (150‐189) beats per minute. Half of the patients (53.3%) had no comorbidities, and only one had prior syncope. Nearly 17 patients (56.7%) started with a loading dose of 150 mg. No ventricular acceleration or VF developed. The incidence of hypotension was 3.3% (1/30). Eighteen patients (60.0%) restored to sinus rhythm by amiodarone with the conversion time of 486.0 (229.0‐1278.0) minutes.

Conclusions

Intravenous amiodarone might be an alternative for acute treatment of AF and WPW syndrome in patients characterized by stable hemodynamics, relatively low admission heart rate, few comorbidities, elder age, and no prior syncope. The loading dosage of 150 mg appeared to be preferred, and the maintenance period was better to less than 12 hours. Monitoring and electrolyte correction were also necessary. It is essential to keep a defibrillator nearby during pharmacologic cardioversion.
A micro‐process model of institutional complexity in public hybrid organizations: Construal of identity threats and mitigation strategies
Authors: Shams Farshid
Published: October 2020

This article analyses how non‐managerial professionals in public service organizations experience the tension between managerial and professional institutional logics and manage to minimize it through identity work. By studying how academics in ten Canadian public universities talk about their routine work activities, it is found that they interpret the institutional contradictions between these logics as threats to their identities and mitigate them by undertaking discursive strategies to author legitimate selves. Three mitigation strategies of delegitimization, selective identification and appropriation of realized publicness are identified. These findings are synthesized in a process model of construal and response that illustrates a set of micro‐practices of professionals by which the institutional hybridity is maintained. By moving beyond professionals' resistance and hybridization (integrating the two logics) and identifying a recursive relational positioning mechanism as a way of coping with institutional complexity, this study complements previous findings in the growing literature on organizing professionalism.
Outcome of chronic granulomatous disease ‐ Conventional treatment vs stem cell transplantation
Authors: Dedieu Cinzia , Albert Michael H. , Mahlaoui Nizar , Hauck Fabian , Hedrich Christian , Baumann Ulrich , Warnatz Klaus , Roesler Joachim , Speckmann Carsten , Schulte Johannes , Fischer Alain , Blanche Stephane , von Bernuth Horst , Kühl Jörn‐Sven
Published: October 2020

Background

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can cure chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), but it remains debated whether all conventionally treated CGD patients benefit from HSCT.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 104 conventionally treated CGD patients, of whom 50 patients underwent HSCT.

Results

On conventional treatment, seven patients (13%) died after a median time of 16.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 7.0‐18.0). Survival without severe complications was 10 ± 3% (mean ± SD) at the age of 20 years; 85% of patients developed at least one infection, 76% one non‐infectious inflammation. After HSCT, 44 patients (88%) were alive at a median follow‐up of 2.3 years (IQR 0.8‐4.9): Six patients (12%) died from infections. Survival after HSCT was significantly better for patients transplanted ≤8 years (96 ± 4%) or for patients without active complications at HSCT (100%). Eight patients suffered from graft failure (16%); six (12%) developed acute graft‐vs‐host disease requiring systemic treatment. Conventionally treated patients developed events that required medical attention at a median frequency of 1.7 (IQR 0.8‐3.2) events per year vs 0 (IQR 0.0‐0.5) in patients beyond the first year post‐HSCT. While most conventionally treated CGD patients failed to thrive, catch‐up growth after HSCT in surviving patients reached the individual percentiles at the age of diagnosis of CGD.

Conclusion

Chronic granulomatous disease patients undergoing HSCT until 8 years of age show excellent survival, but young children need more intense conditioning to avoid graft rejection. Risks and benefits of HSCT for adolescents and adults must still be weighed carefully.
Predator–prey relationships within natural, restored, and created vernal pools
Authors: Rothenberger Megan B. , Baranovic Alison
Published: October 2020

We performed a multiyear monitoring study to compare amphibian habitat quality among four natural, four restored, and six created pools. We used successful reproduction and metamorphosis of two vernal pool indicator species, the wood frog and spotted salamander, to represent desired outcomes. Ordination techniques were used to identify the aspects of habitat quality that were most correlated with desired outcomes. Previously published results indicated that pool depth, volume, and hydroperiod were among the best predictors of success, regardless of pool type. Observations in the first few years of monitoring also suggested that pools with longer hydroperiods had a greater abundance of aquatic predators of eggs and larvae of indicator species. This follow‐up study further explores and compares predator–prey relationships among pool types. We quantified within‐pool predator and prey abundance and diversity and collected another year of data on the reproductive success of indicator species. Our results confirmed that mean predator abundance was eight times higher in pools with longer hydroperiods. We documented a 96% decrease in wood frog survival rates in a semi‐permanent, natural pool following a 41% decrease in overhead canopy cover and an increase in green frog abundance. At the same time, wood frog reproductive success increased in nearby restored pools with lower predator abundance. Pools with the highest mean survival rates for the two indicator species combined were short‐ or long‐cycle pools (i.e. hydroperiod of 12–35 weeks) with low predator abundance (i.e. <1 organism L−1) and greater proportions of arthropod prey relative to other food items.
Association between malnutrition risk and pain in older hospital patients
Authors: Bauer Silvia , Hödl Manuela , Eglseer Doris
Published: October 2020

Objective

To describe the prevalence of malnutrition risk and pain in older hospital patients and characterise the association between these two problems.

Research methods and procedures

The study includes a secondary data analysis of data collected in two cross‐sectional studies. Data collection was performed in 2017 and 2018 using a standardised and tested questionnaire. The study protocol was approved by an ethical committee.

Results

Data from 3406 patients were analysed. Among the participants, 24.6% of the patients were at risk of malnutrition, and 59.6% of the patients reported feeling pain. A significantly higher number of patients with pain (26.4%) were at risk of malnutrition than patients without pain (22.1%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with severe/very severe or unbearable pain were 1.439 times more likely to develop a risk of malnutrition than patients without pain. Patients with cancer or diseases of the digestive system were twice as likely to develop malnutrition than those without these diseases.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that older patients with severe pain are at higher risk of developing a risk of malnutrition than those without pain, although the study design (cross‐sectional) does not imply causality. Therefore, special efforts should be made to assess pain in these patients to reduce the negative consequences of this pain, such as malnutrition.
Mixed carbonate–siliciclastic tidal sedimentation in the Miocene to Pliocene Bouse Formation, palaeo‐Gulf of California
Authors: O’Connell Brennan , Dorsey Rebecca J. , Hasiotis Stephen T. , Hood Ashleigh V. S.
Published: October 2020

Mixed carbonate–siliciclastic deposits provide unique insights into hydrodynamic processes that control sedimentation in tidal systems. This study presents sedimentological and ichnological data from the upper Miocene to lower Pliocene Bouse Formation, which accumulated during regional transgression at the margin of a tidal strait near the north end of the ancestral Gulf of California. The basal carbonate member of the Bouse Formation records deposition in a tide‐influenced, compositionally mixed carbonate–siliciclastic system dominated by salt marsh, tidal flat and channel environments. The basal carbonate member is an overall deepening up succession of facies associations comprising: Facies Association 1 – siliciclastic‐rich heterolithic facies, lime mudstone with desiccation cracks, and plant debris rich carbonate silt interpreted as siliciclastic‐rich tidal flats; Facies Association 2 – well‐sorted gravels, siliciclastic‐rich sandy strata, lime mudstone with desiccation cracks, and sandy microbial micrite interpreted as tidal‐channel deposits; Facies Association 3 – carbonate‐rich heterolithic lime mudstone to well‐sorted, cross‐bedded bioclastic grainstone interpreted as intertidal to shallow subtidal deposits; and Facies Association 4 – lime mudstone interpreted as shallow to deep subtidal low‐energy deposits that record the end of tidal conditions in the basin. Trace fossils include marine forms Gyrolithes, Teichichnus and Thalassinoides, and non‐diagnostic forms Arenicolites, Cochlichnus, Conichnus, Lockeia, Planolites, Skolithos and Treptichnus (known from marine, brackish and freshwater environments). The diminutive size of trace fossils reflects brackish conditions created by mixing of freshwater and seawater. This study provides evidence for a late Miocene to early Pliocene humid climate in south‐western North America, in stark contrast to the modern hyperarid climate. Factors that controlled the relative percentage of mixed carbonate and siliciclastic sediment include siliciclastic input from local rivers, in situ carbonate production, current energy, degree of tidal mixing and relative sea level. Pronounced facies variability at bedform, outcrop and basin scale documented in this study appears to be an important characteristic of mixed carbonate–siliciclastic deposits in tidal depositional systems.
The role of sediment gravity flows on the morphological development of a large submarine canyon (Taiwan Canyon), north‐east South China Sea
Authors: Li Wei , Li Shuang , Alves Tiago M. , Rebesco Michele , Feng Yingci
Published: October 2020

High‐resolution multibeam bathymetric and multichannel seismic data are used to investigate the morphology of a submarine canyon (Taiwan Canyon), and its surrounding strata, in the north‐east South China Sea. This submarine canyon shows two main branches at its head, and changes its orientation from north‐west/south‐east to east–west due to the effect of a tectonically active seamount. The asymmetry of the submarine canyon’s banks in its middle reach is due to the combined action of recurrent slope instability and turbidity currents. In addition, two fields of sediment waves were identified in the study area. Field 1 is located on the south‐west levée of the canyon and is fed by turbidity currents from one of its branches, being also associated with marked hydraulic jumps. Field 2 is observed in the southern bank of the lower canyon reach and was formed by the overspill of turbidity currents within the Taiwan Canyon due to the effect of inertial centrifugal forces. Turbidity currents sourced from Dongsha Channel also contributed to forming Field 2. Importantly, trains of plunge pools have been identified along the thalweg of the lower canyon reach, generated by turbidity currents deriving from the submarine canyons in the north of the Taiwan Canyon. These results not only provide a very detailed account of submarine bedforms within and around a large submarine canyon, but also contribute to a better understanding of their origin and development. The high‐resolution bathymetric and seismic data in this work reveal how gravity flows can drive erosion and deposition in submarine canyons.
Assessing and Explaining the Diverging Trajectories of Territorial Parties and Politics in Italy and Spain (2008‐2018)
Authors: Vampa Davide , Gray Caroline
Published: October 2020

Until the mid‐2000s, territorial politics played a considerable role in both Italy and Spain. Two regionalist parties, among others, clearly contributed to this: Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) and the Northern League. Yet evidence shows that the two parties, while starting from relatively similar positions, have followed diverging trajectories, particularly after the financial (and then economic) crisis that hit their respective countries. CDC pushed its pro‐autonomy stances to the extreme and eventually ended up supporting Catalan independence. On the other hand, the League dropped its regionalist agenda and even became a state‐wide party. By comparing these two cases, this article aims to shed light on the mechanisms that lead to the radicalisation or moderation (and even abandonment) of regionalist parties’ territorial demands. These opposite movements have broader implications, since they have been accompanied by increasing polarisation of territorial politics in Spain and the de‐politicisation of this issue in Italy.
Indicative Conditionals in Objective Contexts
Authors: Punčochář Vít , Gauker Christopher
Published: October 2020

A‐62 conversation can be conceived as aiming to circumscribe a set of possibilities that are relevant to the goals of the conversation. This set of possibilities may be conceived as determined by the goals and objective circumstances of the interlocutors and not by their propositional attitudes. An indicative conditional can be conceived as circumscribing a set of possibilities that have a certain property: If the set of relevant possibilities is subsequently restricted to one in which the antecedent holds, then it will be restricted as well to one in which the consequent holds. We will identify a number of desiderata concerning the validity of arguments; we will develop a formally precise semantics for conditionals conceived in this way that satisfies the desiderata, and we will present a deductive calculus that is sound and complete with respect to the semantics. Finally, we will argue that the semantics compares well, both formally and foundationally, with two other semantic theories of indicative conditionals that satisfy the desiderata, namely, those of Gillies and Bledin.
Experimental Investigation of Pressure Drop Characteristics of Viscous Fluid Flow Through Small Diameter Orifices
Authors: Bohra Lalit Kumar , Mincks Leo M. , Garimella Srinivas
Published: October 2020

An experimental study on the flow of a highly viscous fluid through small diameter orifices was conducted. Pressure drops were measured for each of nine orifices, including orifices of nominal diameter 0.5, 1, and 3 mm and three different orifice thicknesses, over wide ranges of flow rates and temperatures. The fluid under consideration exhibits steep dependence of the properties (changes of several orders of magnitude) as a function of temperature and pressure and is also non-Newtonian at the lower temperatures. At small values of Reynolds number, an increase in aspect ratio (length/diameter ratio of the orifice) causes an increase in Euler number. It was also found that at extremely low Reynolds numbers, the Euler number was very strongly influenced by the Reynolds number, while the dependence becomes weaker as the Reynolds number increases toward the turbulent regime, and the Euler number tends to assume a constant value determined by the aspect ratio and the diameter ratio. A two-region (based on Reynolds number) model was developed to predict Euler number as a function of diameter ratio, aspect ratio, viscosity ratio, and generalized Reynolds number. It is shown that for such a highly viscous fluid with some non-Newtonian behavior, accounting for the shear rate through the generalized Reynolds number results in a considerable improvement in the predictive capabilities of the model. Over the laminar, transition, and turbulent regions, the model predicts 86% of the data within ±25% for the geometry and operating conditions investigated in this study.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of β-LiVOPO4/C as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tian Hualing , Liu Zhonggang , Cai Yanjun , Su Zhi
Published: October 2020

Due to the high theoretical capacity, high platform voltage, stable structure, and mild conditions for synthesis, LiVOPO4 is expected to become the next generation of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, due to the relatively weak ionic conductivity, its commercial application has been largely limited. The paper reported that acetylene black was used as the reducing agent and the pure phase nanostructured orthorhombic β-LiVOPO4 was obtained by carbothermal reduction method. A significant improvement in ionic conductivity was achieved, and the results were compared with previous studies, the initial discharge capacity of the material was considerably enhanced. The results show that the electrical conductivity and the initial discharge capacity of the material were also significantly improved. The sample obtained by holding at 600 °C for 10 h exhibited a maximum discharge capacity of 141.4 mAh g−1 between 3 V and 4.5 V at 0.05 C, with a value of 136.3 mAh g−1, retained after 50 cycles. This represents capacity retention of 96.39%.
Regulated, Unregulated, and Particulate Emissions From Biodiesel Blend Fueled Transportation Engine
Authors: Patel Chetankumar , Hwang Joonsik , Bae Choongsik , Agarwal Avinash Kumar
Published: October 2020

Engine experiments were performed for measurement of regulated, unregulated, and particulate emissions using a 2.2 L transportation compression ignition engine fueled with blends of diesel and biodiesels derived from Jatropha and waste cooking oils. JB20 (20% v/v Jatropha biodiesel blended with 80% v/v diesel), WCOB20 (20% v/v waste cooking oil biodiesel blended with 80% v/v diesel), and baseline mineral diesel were used as test fuels in this study. Experiments were performed at an engine speed of 2000 rpm at five engine loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% rated load). Regulated emission results exhibited that JB20 and WCOB20 emitted higher hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide (CO) at low engine loads compared to baseline diesel, whereas WCOB20 exhibited relatively higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions compared to baseline diesel. Unregulated emissions were higher at low engine loads and decreased with increasing engine load. Biodiesel blends showed relatively higher methane and ethylene trace emissions compared to baseline diesel, whereas WCOB20 showed higher formaldehyde, formic acid, iso-pentane, sulfur dioxide, and n-octane emissions compared to diesel at no load. Particulate number concentrations were relatively higher from biodiesel blends compared to baseline diesel at most engine operating conditions.
Automated Keyword Filtering in Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Identifying Product Attributes From Online Reviews
Authors: Joung Junegak , Kim Harrison M.
Published: October 2020

Identifying product attributes from the perspective of a customer is essential to measure the satisfaction, importance, and Kano category of each product attribute for product design. This article proposes automated keyword filtering to identify product attributes from online customer reviews based on latent Dirichlet allocation. The preprocessing for latent Dirichlet allocation is important because it affects the results of topic modeling; however, previous research performed latent Dirichlet allocation either without removing noise keywords or by manually eliminating them. The proposed method improves the preprocessing for latent Dirichlet allocation by conducting automated filtering to remove the noise keywords that are not related to the product. A case study of Android smartphones is performed to validate the proposed method. The performance of the latent Dirichlet allocation by the proposed method is compared to that of a previous method, and according to the latent Dirichlet allocation results, the former exhibits a higher performance than the latter.
Study on the Precision Measurement Method of Roller Enveloping Hourglass Worm Tooth Surface
Authors: Li Zeying , Chen Yonghong , Luo Wenjun , Chen Bingkui
Published: October 2020

To satisfy the increasing requirements of high-precision and zero-backlash transmission in the modern machine tools and industrial robots, a precision measurement method of roller enveloping hourglass worm tooth surface is demonstrated. The profile modification method of hourglass worm tooth surface is proposed for the zero-backlash meshing, and the mathematical model of standard theoretical tooth surface and actual modified tooth surface is established. The deviations of hourglass worm tooth surface are defined, and the measuring method is proposed based on the gear measuring center. The matching method of theoretical tooth surface and actual tooth surface is analyzed, through establishing the evaluation object function and designing the search iterative method. The roller enveloping hourglass worm sample is ground based on the profile modification principle, and the deviations on the tooth surface are measured by the proposed measurement method. The results turn out that this precision measurement method is feasible. This study is expected to give an evaluation standard to improve the tooth surface accuracy of roller enveloping hourglass worm.
A Review and Categorization of Grid-Interactive Efficient Building Technologies for Building Performance Simulation
Authors: Steen Matt , Krarti Moncef
Published: October 2020

Buildings of the future are expected to not only be energy efficient but also able to offer grid services through implementation of demand-side management strategies by utilizing existing and new technologies that enhance electrical load flexibility. With the high penetration of variable renewables, grid operators have to balance between variable supply with controllable and adaptable demand. This article reviews the current literature on grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs) that can provide grid services. In particular, the review identifies categories and examples of measures and technologies that are suitable for GEBs using various criteria. These criteria include demand-side management strategies, potential to provide grid services, technology maturity, as well as ability to model the technologies to perform detailed analyses and assessments in whole-building simulation software.
Advanced Energy, Exergy, and Environmental (3E) Analyses and Optimization of a Coal-Fired 400 MW Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Siamak , Stephan Heyns P.
Published: October 2020

In this article, energy, exergy, and environmental (3E) analysis of a 400 MW thermal power plant is investigated. First, the components of the power plant are examined in terms of energy consumption, and subsequently the energy losses, exergy destruction, and exergetic efficiency are obtained. It is shown that the highest energy losses are in the closed feedwater heaters Nos. 1 and 5 and the boiler with amounts of 7.6 × 10 J/s and 6.5 × 107 J/s, respectively. The highest exergy destruction occurs in the boiler and amounts to 4.13 × 108 J/s. The highest exergetic efficiency is 0.98 and is associated with the closed feedwater heaters Nos. 4 and 8. It is observed that the exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction in the boiler are the primarily affected by changes in the environmental temperature. Furthermore, by increasing the main pressure in the turbine, the load on the power plant is increased, and increasing the condenser pressure reduces the load on the power plant. In an environmental analysis, the production of pollutants such as SO2 production and CO2 emission has been investigated.
Coupled Mode Flutter Analysis of Turbomachinery Blades Using an Adaptation of the p–k Method
Authors: Schuff Matthias , Chenaux Virginie Anne
Published: October 2020

Current trends in turbomachinery design significantly reduce the mass ratio of structure to air, making them prone to flutter by aerodynamic coupling between mode shapes, also called coupled-mode flutter. The p–k method, which solves an aeroelastic eigenvalue problem for frequency and damping, respectively, excitation of the aerodynamically coupled system, was adapted for turbomachinery application using aerodynamic responses computed in the frequency domain (FD). A two-dimensional (2D) test case is validated against time-marching fluid–structure coupled simulations for subsonic and transonic conditions. A span of mass ratios is investigated showing that the adapted p–k method is able to predict the transition between aeroelastically stable and unstable cascades depending on the mass ratio. Finally, the p–k method is applied to a low mass ratio fan showing that the flutter-free operating range is significantly reduced when aerodynamic coupling effects are taken into account.