Abstract A183: Blood-based genomic profiling of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with biliary tract cancer
Authors: Goyal Lipika , Kate Kelley Robin , Kiedrowski Lesli , Catenacci Daniel , Mody Kabir , Shroff Rachna , Parikh Aparna , Reyes Stephanie , Maurer Jordan R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Fanta Paul , Cusnir Mike , Nagy Becky , Lanman Richard , Morse Michael , Tan Benjamin , Javle Milind , Zhu Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Background: Targeted therapies are increasingly under evaluation in clinical trials for the treatment of biliary tract cancer (BTC), and cell-free tumor DNA assays are an emerging technology for the detection of actionable alterations. Methods: ctDNA analysis was performed in patients with BTC using the CLIA-certified Guardant360 liquid biopsy assay as part of routine clinical care. The assay screens up to 73 genes for single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), 23 for insertions or deletions (INDELs), 18 for copy number variations (CNVs), and 6 for fusions. Results: 855 samples were analyzed from 751 unique BTC patients. Median age was 64 years (range, 29-89), 53% were female, and 631 (84%) had at least one alteration in their first sample. In the 751 patients, the most common genes altered were TP53 (39%), KRAS (15%), PIK3CA (13%), ARID1A (13%), EGFR (11%), FGFR2 (11%), ERBB2 (11%), NF1 (10%), IDH1 (10%), APC (9%), BRAF (9%), MYC (8%), MET (7%), CCNE1 (7%), and FGFR1 (7%). Alterations in DNA damage response genes were also seen, including BRCA2 (6%), BRCA1 (5%), ATM (4%), and MLH1 (1%). The median number of alterations per sample was 3 (range, 0-40). In a clinically annotated dataset from the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 112 samples were obtained from 61 unique patients. Among these, 52 (85%) had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), 3 (5%) had extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 6 (10%) had gallbladder cancer. 20/61 (33%) patients were treated with targeted therapy. Among 20 patients with both ctDNA and tumor sequencing results, the targetable mutation was found in both ctDNA and tumor tissue in 7/20 (35%), solely in ctDNA in 1/20 (5%), and solely in tissue in 12/20 (60%) patients. The patient with the alteration detected solely in ctDNA had insufficient tissue for analysis; she was found to have an FGFR2 F276C mutation and benefited for 8.5 months from an FGFR inhibitor on a clinical trial. Of the 12 patients whose targetable mutation was not detected in plasma, 10 (83%) had an FGFR2 fusion, 1 had an INDEL in FGFR2 (Leu262_Ala266delinsAsp), and 1 had an FGFR3 splice site mutation. 15/20 (75%) patients treated with targeted therapy were followed with serial ctDNA analysis, and a potential resistance mechanism was identified in 5/15 (33%). All 5 patients had FGFR2-fusion positive ICC and developed mutations in the FGFR2 kinase domain as a potential resistance mechanism to FGFR inhibition, including the FGFR2 V564F gatekeeper mutation in 4/5 patients. Conclusions: In patients with BTC, ctDNA-based genomic profiling can detect alterations in IDH, FGFR, PIK3CA, ERBB2, BRAF, and MET. The technology is still evolving for the detection of FGFR2 fusions, which is hindered in capture-based methods in plasma by the large number of unique breakpoints and fusion partners. ctDNA analysis may also provide a noninvasive mechanism to study resistance to targeted therapy and clonal dynamics in BTC.

Citation Format: Lipika Goyal, Robin Kate Kelley, Lesli Kiedrowski, Daniel Catenacci, Kabir Mody, Rachna Shroff, Aparna Parikh, Stephanie Reyes, Jordan R. Maurer, Ryan B. Corcoran, Paul Fanta, Mike Cusnir, Becky Nagy, Richard Lanman, Michael Morse, Benjamin Tan, Milind Javle, Andrew Zhu. Blood-based genomic profiling of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with biliary tract cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A183.