bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Safety INdEx of Prehospital On Scene Triage (SINEPOST) study: the development and validation of a risk prediction model to support ambulance clinical transport decisions on-scene—a protocol
Authors: Miles Jamie , Jacques Richard , Turner Janette , Mason Suzanne
Published: November 2021

Background

Demand for both the ambulance service and the emergency department (ED) is rising every year and when this demand is excessive in both systems, ambulance crews queue at the ED waiting to hand patients over. Some transported ambulance patients are ‘low-acuity’ and do not require the treatment of the ED. However, paramedics can find it challenging to identify these patients accurately. Decision support tools have been developed using expert opinion to help identify these low acuity patients but have failed to show a benefit beyond regular decision-making. Predictive algorithms may be able to build accurate models, which can be used in the field to support the decision not to take a low-acuity patient to an ED.

Methods and analysis

All patients in Yorkshire who were transported to the ED by ambulance between July 2019 and February 2020 will be included. Ambulance electronic patient care record (ePCR) clinical data will be used as candidate predictors for the model. These will then be linked to the corresponding ED record, which holds the outcome of a ‘non-urgent attendance’. The estimated sample size is 52,958, with 4767 events and an EPP of 7.48. An XGBoost algorithm will be used for model development. Initially, a model will be derived using all the data and the apparent performance will be assessed. Then internal-external validation will use non-random nested cross-validation (CV) with test sets held out for each ED (spatial validation). After all models are created, a random-effects meta-analysis will be undertaken. This will pool performance measures such as goodness of fit, discrimination and calibration. It will also generate a prediction interval and measure heterogeneity between clusters. The performance of the full model will be updated with the pooled results.

Discussion

Creating a risk prediction model in this area will lead to further development of a clinical decision support tool that ensures every ambulance patient can get to the right place of care, first time. If this study is successful, it could help paramedics evaluate the benefit of transporting a patient to the ED before they leave the scene. It could also reduce congestion in the urgent and emergency care system.

Trial Registration

This study was retrospectively registered with the ISRCTN: 12121281
Effect of Web atmospherics and satisfaction on purchase behavior: stimulus–organism–response model
Authors: Albarq Abbas N.
Published: November 2021

The effect of Web atmospheric clues on the purchase intention of Jordanian shoppers has been evaluated in this study, along with the interventions of Website gratification. The primary data collection for testing the research model via a survey method has been performed from Jordan's capital city, namely Amman. The tenure of data collection from Amman is from July to January 2020. The Structural Equation Modeling method was used to analyze the data with AMOS 22.0 software. Convergent and discriminatory legitimacy of the measurement model has been estimated with the use of confirmatory factor analysis. The satisfaction component effectively negotiates the impact of Website clues on the intent of purchase. Moreover, the purchase intention is a consequent effect of the satisfaction caused by these preliminary factors. The e-retailers and marketers of Jordan are able to interpret the influence of multiple stimulating factors on the satisfaction gained from Web-related services with the help of the outcomes of this study. It is the prerogative of online retailers to ensure the delivery of the strongest atmospheric clues impacting the Website satisfaction to the shoppers. In the context of Jordanians, this study establishes that Web managers should designate a higher number of resources to the clues that enhance the excitement value of the atmospherics of Web portals. This study boosts the knowledge of the researchers having academic interest and practical inclination toward the aspects of developing economies and adds to their current level of knowledge regarding e-retailing and online buying behavior.
Preterm Birth Associates With Increased Placental Expression of MDR Transporters Irrespective of Prepregnancy BMI
Authors: Scott Hailey , Martinelli Lilian M , Grynspan David , Bloise Enrrico , Connor Kristin L
Published: November 2021

Context

Preterm birth (PTB) and suboptimal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) operate through inflammatory pathways to impair fetoplacental development. Placental efflux transporters mediate fetal protection and nutrition; however, few studies consider the effect of both PTB and BMI on fetal protection. We hypothesized that PTB would alter the expression of placental multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters and selected proinflammatory cytokines, and that maternal underweight and obesity would further impair placental phenotype.

Objective

To determine whether placental MDR transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), and proinflammatory cytokine levels are altered by PTB and maternal BMI.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the effect of PTB (with/without chorioamnionitis), or the effect of maternal prepregnancy BMI on placental MDR transporter and interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 expression in 60 preterm and 36 term pregnancies.

Results

ABCB1 expression was increased in preterm compared to term placentae (P = .04). P-gp (P = .008) and BCRP (P = .01) immunolabeling was increased among all preterm compared to term placentae, with P-gp expression further increased in preterm pregnancies with chorioamnionitis (PTC, P = .007). Placental IL-6 mRNA expression was decreased in PTC compared to term placentae (P = .0005) and PTC associated with the greatest proportion of anti-inflammatory medications administered during pregnancy. Maternal BMI group did not influence placental outcomes.

Conclusion

PTB and infection, but not prepregnancy BMI, alter placental expression of MDR transporters and IL-6. This may have implications for fetal exposure to xenobiotics that may be present in the maternal circulation in pregnancies complicated by PTB.
Effects of Etco 2 on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane that Blunts the Adrenergic Response to Surgical Incision: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded Trial
Authors: Wu Zhijie , Yu Junjie , Zhang Tianhua , Tan Hongying , Li Huiting , Xie Lan , Lin Wenqian , Shen Danping , Cao Longhui
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:

CO2 has anesthetic potency and effectively influences the circulatory system. We investigated the effects of Etco
2 on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane that blunts the adrenergic response to surgical incision (MAC-BAR) in patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric carcinoma.

METHODS:

Ninety patients undergoing radical gastric-carcinoma surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled and randomly assigned into 3 groups. After intubation, the Etco
2 in group L (n = 30), group N (n = 30), and group H (n = 30) was adjusted to 25 mm Hg ≤ Etco
2 <30 mm Hg, 30 mm Hg ≤ Etco
2 < 40 mm Hg, and 40 mm Hg ≤ Etco
2 < 45 mm Hg, respectively, by changes in controlled ventilation. Hemodynamics and depth of anesthesia were observed before and after skin incision. The MAC-BAR of sevoflurane for each group was determined using an up-and-down sequential-allocation technique.

RESULTS:

To obtain 7 crossovers, 25, 26, and 26 patients were used in group L, group N, and group H, respectively. The MAC-BAR of sevoflurane using the up-and-down method for group H was significantly lower than that for group L (2.3% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.2–2.4] vs 2.9% [95% CI, 2.7–3.0]; difference, −0.6% [95% CI, −0.7 to −0.4], P < .001) and group N (2.3% [95% CI, 2.2–2.4] vs 2.8% [95% CI, 2.8–2.9]; difference, −0.5% [95% CI, −0.7 to −0.4], P < .001), while no significant difference was found between group L and group N (P = 1.000).

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher Etco
2 levels (Etco
2 values equal to 40 mm Hg or higher) can effectively decrease the MAC-BAR of sevoflurane in patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric carcinoma.
Intensive Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: A National Review of the Service Status in Ethiopia
Authors: Kifle Fitsum , Boru Yared , Tamiru Hailu Dhufera , Sultan Menbeu , Walelign Yenegeta , Demelash Azeb , Beane Abigail , Haniffa Rashan , Gebreyesus Alegnta , Moore Jolene
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:

The burden of critical illness in low-income countries is high and expected to rise. This has implications for wider public health measures including maternal mortality, deaths from communicable diseases, and the global burden of disease related to injury. There is a paucity of data pertaining to the provision of critical care in low-income countries. This study provides a review of critical care services in Ethiopia.

METHODS:

Multicenter structured onsite surveys incorporating face-to-face interviews, narrative discussions, and on-site assessment were conducted at intensive care units (ICUs) in September 2020 to ascertain structure, organization, workforce, resources, and service capacity. The 12 recommended variables and classification criteria of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSICCM) taskforce criteria were utilized to provide an overview of service and service classification.

RESULTS:

A total of 51 of 53 (96%) ICUs were included, representing 324 beds, for a population of 114 million; this corresponds to approximately 0.3 public ICU beds per 100,000 population. Services were concentrated in the capital Addis Ababa with 25% of bed capacity and 51% of critical care physicians. No ICU had piped oxygen. Only 33% (106) beds had all of the 3 basic recommended noninvasive monitoring devices (sphygmomanometer, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiography). There was limited capacity for ventilation (n = 189; 58%), invasive monitoring (n = 9; 3%), and renal dialysis (n = 4; 8%). Infection prevention and control strategies were lacking.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study highlights major deficiencies in quantity, distribution, organization, and provision of intensive care in Ethiopia. Improvement efforts led by the Ministry of Health with input from the acute care workforce are an urgent priority.
Biofidelic dynamic compression of human cortical spheroids reproduces neurotrauma phenotypes
Authors: Shoemaker Aaron R. , Jones Ian E. , Jeffris Kira D. , Gabrielli Gina , Togliatti Alyssa G. , Pichika Rajeswari , Martin Eric , Kiskinis Evangelos , Franz Colin K. , Finan John D.
Published: November 2021

Fundamental questions about patient heterogeneity and human-specific pathophysiology currently obstruct progress towards a therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Human in vitro models have the potential to address these questions. Three-dimensional spheroidal cell culture protocols for human-origin neural cells have several important advantages over their two-dimensional monolayer counterparts. Three-dimensional spheroidal cultures may mature more quickly, develop more biofidelic electrophysiological activity and/or reproduce some aspects of brain architecture. Here, we present the first human in vitro model of non-penetrating TBI employing three-dimensional spheroidal cultures. We used a custom-built device to traumatize these spheroids in a quantifiable, repeatable and biofidelic manner, and correlated the heterogeneous mechanical strain field with the injury phenotype. Trauma reduced cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and spontaneous synchronous electrophysiological activity in the spheroids. Electrophysiological deficits emerged at lower injury severities than changes in cell viability. Also, traumatized spheroids secreted lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of cell damage, and neurofilament light chain, a promising clinical biomarker of neurotrauma. These results demonstrate that three-dimensional human in vitro models can reproduce important phenotypes of neurotrauma in vitro.
Εφαρμογή της παιδαγωγικής πρότασης του Makarenko στην εκπαίδευση των ασυνόδευτων ανηλίκων προσφύγων
Authors: Βεντούρης Αντώνιος , Κουτσιανάς Παντελής , Καδόγλου Αλεξάνδρα , Αράπογλου Παύλος , Καβαρινού Βασιλική
Published: November 2021

Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί μία πρόταση εφαρμογής της παιδαγωγικής-εκπαιδευτικής πρακτικής του Αντόν Σεμιόνοβιτς Μακάρενκο, ως τρόπο αντιμετώπισης του κοινωνικού-εκπαιδευτικού προβλήματος που έχει προκύψει τα τελευταία χρόνια στην Ελλάδα, με την έλευση μεγάλου αριθμού ασυνόδευτων ανηλίκων προσφύγων αλλά και μεταναστών. Οι ανήλικοι αυτοί τοποθετούνται σε διάφορες δομές υποδοχής ή ζουν περιφερόμενοι σε διάφορες περιοχές της Ελλάδας, κυρίως αστικές, και έχουν περιορισμένη πρόσβαση στην εκπαίδευση (UNHCR, 2019). Η συγκεκριμένη συνθήκη προδιαγράφει αρνητικές προοπτικές για τους ανηλίκους αυτούς, σε βαθμό που, όπως τονίζει ο Filippo Grandi (UNHCR, 2019:6) είναι ορατός ο κίνδυνος να αποτελέσουν μια «χαμένη γενιά». Η κατάσταση αυτή έχει πολλά κοινά χαρακτηριστικά με εκείνη που επικρατούσε στη νεοσύστατη Σοβιετική Ένωση μετά το 1917, όταν πλέον των 7 εκατομμυρίων παιδιών ζούσαν στο δρόμο χωρίς κανενός είδους επίβλεψη ενηλίκου και χωρίς πρόσβαση στην εκπαίδευση. Οι ομοιότητες των δύο περιπτώσεων σε κοινωνικό και πολιτικό επίπεδο αποτέλεσαν το κίνητρο για τον σχεδιασμό μιας πρότασης εκπαίδευσης βάσει του παιδαγωγικού παραδείγματος του Αντόν Μακάρενκο. Ειδικότερα, στο άρθρο αυτό αναλύεται η θεωρητική, κοινωνιολογική και διδακτολογική βάση της πρότασης, παρουσιάζονται οι στόχοι και οι βασικοί της άξονες και σκιαγραφείται ο τρόπος υλοποίησή της στο ελληνικό περιβάλλον.
Μετασχηματισμοί κλασικών κειμένων στην επικράτεια του παιδικού βιβλίου: Οι περιπλανήσεις του Δον Κιχώτη στον χώρο του ελληνικού παιδικού βιβλίου
Authors: Κόκκινος Δημήτρης
Published: November 2021

Ένας από τους πιο διαδεδομένους και καθοριστικούς διακειμενικούς μηχανισμούς στην ιστορία του παιδικού βιβλίου είναι αυτός της διασκευής. Τα βιβλία από την λογοτεχνία των ενηλίκων που διασκευάζονται συχνότερα, για οικονομικούς και παιδαγωγικούς λόγους, είναι συνήθως αυτά που ανήκουν στον λογοτεχνικό κανόνα. Ένα από τα πιο χαρακτηριστικά και πιο ενδιαφέροντα παραδείγματα των διακειμενικών περιπετειών που υφίσταται ένα κλασικό κείμενο λόγω των διασκευών του συνιστά ο Δον Κιχώτης του Μ. ντε Θερβάντες. Μέσα από τη διερεύνηση των διασκευών του έργου αναδεικνύεται η «διασκευαστική πλάνη» που πηγάζει από παρωχημένες εκδοτικές πρακτικές προώθησης βιβλίων που παραπλανούν διαχρονικά ιδίως τους πιο άπειρους αναγνώστες. Παράλληλα, η συγκριτική και ιστορική μελέτη των δευτερογενών κειμένων επιβεβαιώνει τις πολιτισμικές αλληλεπικαλύψεις που υφίσταται το κείμενο πηγή καθώς και το περίπλοκο πλέγμα των διαδοχικών επαναδιασκευών που διαμεσολαβούν κατά την αναγνωστική πράξη του παιδιού. Παράλληλα, τίθενται υπό διερεύνηση οι μετασχηματιστικοί μηχανισμοί που εφαρμόζουν οι διασκευαστές στο κείμενο-πηγή προκειμένου να το μετουσιώσουν σε κείμενο προσιτό προς το παιδί εννοούμενο-αναγνώστη της εποχής τους. Οι παραπάνω πτυχές του υπό διερεύνηση θέματος αναδεικνύουν ένα δυναμικό και πολυσύνθετο πεδίο συνάντησης της παιδικής λογοτεχνίας με εκείνη των ενηλίκων και επιβεβαιώνουν την πολυπλοκότητα, την διαχρονικότητα και τον διαμεσικό και διαπολιτισμικό χαρακτήρα της διασκευαστικής διαδικασίας.
Το πρόβλημα του νοήματος
Authors: Κτενάς Ιωάννης-Μάριος
Published: November 2021

Η διατριβή εξετάζει τη διανοητική σχέση που συνδέει τον Κορνήλιο Καστοριάδη με τον Max Weber, δίνοντας έμφαση στο στοιχείο του νοήματος. Στα πρώτα δύο μέρη της διατριβής, ανασυγκροτείται το έργο καθενός από τους δύο στοχαστές, ενώ στο τρίτο μέρος επιχειρείται μια παράλληλη ανάγνωση των θέσεών τους, η οποία ξεκινά από την κριτική πραγμάτευση των ρητών αναφορών του Καστοριάδη στον Weber και συνεχίζει μέσω της σκηνοθεσίας ενός θεωρητικού διαλόγου μεταξύ τους, που εκτείνεται σε θέματα όπως η οντολογία και η μεθοδολογία του κοινωνικού, ο Marx και ο μαρξισμός, το ζήτημα της θεμελίωσης των αξιών, η πολιτική, η γραφειοκρατία και η νεωτερικότητα.
Community-level influences on women’s experience of intimate partner violence and modern contraceptive use in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis of nationally representative survey
Authors: Adedini Sunday A. , Adewole Ololade Grace , Oyinlola Funmilola F. , Fayehun Olufunke
Published: November 2021

Background: Modern contraceptives (MC) are important strategies for reducing unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion and maternal mortality, but MC remains low at 18% in Nigeria. Similarly, while there is increasing prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nigeria, its effects on contraceptive use remain unclear. This study examined the influence of IPV on MC use, while adjusting for individual- and community-level confounders.

Methods : The study utilized 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data. We performed multilevel binary logistic regression analysis on 24,973 married women aged 15-49 49 (nested within 1,400 communities), who were sexually active and were not pregnant at the time of the survey.

Results : Findings show that use of MC was higher among married women who reported experience of IPV than those without IPV exposure. After adjusting for individual-level and contextual factors, the odds of using MC was significantly higher among women who experienced any form of IPV (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17-2.21, p<0.005) compared to those who reported no IPV experience. Around one-quarter of the total variance in contraceptive use with respect to the different types of IPV could be explained at the community level.

Conclusion : The study provides empirical evidence that there is signiﬁcant community effect on IPV exposure and women’s contraceptive uptake. Attention must therefore be given to the context-specific social and gender norms that affect women’s sexual and reproductive health in Nigeria.
The impact of virtual learning on Multimedia University student performance: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Toong Tai Hen , Liyen Lim , Ping Liew Yee
Published: November 2021

Background:The Covid-19 pandemic has imposed adaption to virtual learning for students and educators across all levels of education in the world. The effectiveness of virtual learning varies amongst age groups. It has been suggested that the adoption of virtual learning will continue to be implemented even after pandemic, particularly in higher education. Therefore, it is crucial to validate the effectiveness of a virtual learning approach among university students to ensure a smooth transition from a conventional education model to a hybrid education model. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the impact of virtual learning on students’ performance in a virtual classroom.

Methods:We analysed survey data collected from undergraduate students at Multimedia University, Malaysia. Convenience sampling and self-administered online surveys were used to understand the impact of virtual learning. Multiple regression analysis was performed using SPSS software

Results:A total of 210 first and second year degree and diploma students responded to the online surveys. Factors affecting virtual learning were segregated into three categories: virtual teaching techniques, technology issues, and environment distraction. Respondents stated that the critical factor that affect the effectiveness of virtual learning and impacts on students’ performance was the virtual teaching techniques employed by educators.

Conclusions:This study concludedthat virtual teaching techniques have significant impact on students’ performance whereas technology issues and environment distraction do not significantly influence students’ performance during virtual learning. Although this study is limited to students from Multimedia University, it lays the groundwork for future research to involve students from other universities or other countries. A future study can address more factors that affect virtual learning and students’ performance, such as students’ attitude and motivation.
Determinants of maternal healthcare service utilisation among Indonesian mothers: A population-based study
Authors: Aji Ridwan Setyo , Efendi Ferry , Kurnia Iqlima Dwi , Tonapa Santo Imanuel , Chan Chong-Mei
Published: November 2021

Background:In Indonesia, maternal health care services are widely available, aiming to improve health and survival among mothers. However, these services remain underutilised, and its determining factor was unknown. This study sought to identify determinant factors of maternal healthcare services utilisation among Indonesian mothers.

Methods:This population-based cross-sectional study leveraged the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 12,033 mothers aged from 15 to 49 years who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey were included in the analysis. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the determinant factors.

Results:Approximately 93.44% of the mothers had adequate antenatal care, 83.73% had a delivery at the healthcare facility, and 71.46% received postnatal care. The mother’s age and household wealth index were the typical determinants of all maternal healthcare services. Determinants of antenatal care visits were husband’s occupational status, the number of children, and access to the healthcare facility. Next, factors that drive mothers’ delivery at the healthcare facility were the mother’s education level, husband’s educational level, and residential area. The use of postnatal care was determined by the mother’s occupational status, husband’s educational level, number of children, wealth index, access to the healthcare facility, and residential area.

Conclusions:Although there were differences in the determinant factors of three key maternal healthcare services, the mother’s age and household wealth index were the typical determinants of all maternal healthcare services utilisation. Providing a tailored programme aligned with these determinant factors may ensure that mothers can access and adequately utilise maternal healthcare services.
Rice husk and melaleuca biochar additions reduce soil CH4 and N2O emissions and increase soil organic matter and nutrient availability
Authors: Tran Sy Nam , Huynh Van Thao , Chiem Nguyen Huu , Nguyen Van Cong , Mitsunori Tarao
Published: November 2021

Background: Biochar is a promising material in mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from paddy fields due to its remarkable structural properties. Rice husk biochar (RhB) and melaleuca biochar (MB) are amendment materials that could be used to potentially reduce emissions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). However, their effects on CH4 and N2O emissions and soil under local water management and conventional rice cultivation have not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods: We conducted a field experiment using biochar additions to the topsoil layer (0-20 cm). Five treatments comprising 0 t ha-1 (CT0); 5 t ha-1 (RhB5) and 10 t ha-1 (RhB10), and 5 t ha-1 (MB5) and 10 t ha-1 (MB10) were designed plot-by-plot (20 m2) in triplicates.

Results: The results showed that biochar application from 5 to 10 t ha-1 significantly decreased cumulative CH4 (24.2 – 28.0%, RhB; 22.0 – 14.1%, MB) and N2O (25.6 – 41.0%, RhB; 38.4 – 56.4%, MB) fluxes without a reduction in grain yield. Increasing the biochar application rate further did not decrease significantly total CH4 and N2O fluxes but was seen to significantly reduce the global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scale GWP in the RhB treatments. Biochar application improved soil Eh but had no effects on soil pH. Whereas CH4 flux correlated negatively with soil Eh (P < 0.001; r2 = 0.552, RhB; P < 0.001; r2 = 0.502, MB). The soil physicochemical properties of bulk density, porosity, organic matter, and anaerobically mineralized N were significantly improved in biochar-amended treatments, while available P also slightly increased.

Conclusions: Biochar supplementation significantly reduced CH4 and N2O fluxes and improved soil mineralization and physiochemical properties toward beneficial for rice plant. The results suggest that the optimal combination of biochar-application rates and effective water-irrigation techniques for soil types in the MD should be further studied in future works.
Technical Note—Optimal Pricing Under Multiple-Discrete Customer Choices and Diminishing Return of Consumption
Authors: Huh Woonghee Tim , Li Hongmin
Published: November 2021

Customers make purchase decisions based on the attributes of the products offered and their prices. While the customer selects only one unit of a product in some settings, she purchases multiple products and even possibly multiple units of each product in other settings. Although several studies in the literature have addressed the former case, little attention has been paid to the latter case, this paper’s subject. In this paper, the authors consider the customer's problem and show that the set of products she purchases is one of the ordered sets based on the product attribute and prices. This paper shows that the firm's optimal pricing problem can be solved efficiently based on another ordering among the products.
The development of the rehabilitation community transition support team as a response to COVID-19
Authors: Fenton Kelly , Kidd Katherine , Kingman Rachel , Le-Butt Sara , Gray Michelle
Published: November 2021

Background/aims

The rehabilitation community transition support team was created as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in faster discharges from the inpatient rehabilitation service. The aim of this evaluation was to explore the perspectives of staff and patients on their experience of the rehabilitation community transition support team.

Methods

Staff and patients in the new team were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Staff interviews generated seven main themes: positive staff experiences; defining the ‘team’; mode of working; link role for the team; technology; relationships with patients; and support from colleagues. The patient analysis generated five themes: positive experiences of the rehabilitation community transition support team; relationship with rehabilitation community transition support team worker; mode of working; handling the hurdles of discharge; and defining the ‘team’. There were crossovers of staff and patient themes, particularly surrounding around face-to-face visits, defining the team and relationships. Patients indicated that contact with the community team helped them to overcome both practical and emotional hurdles of discharge.

Conclusions

The presence of a team supporting the transition from hospital to a community setting may be helpful for people who have been discharged.
Undressing the choice of dressings
Authors: Ashenden Lois , Omran Yasser Al , Mitchell Catherine , Ghorbanian Samim , Abela Christopher
Published: November 2021

There is a vast number of wound dressings to choose from, which can make selecting the most suitable dressing for a wound a daunting prospect. This article highlights how the wound can guide the doctor's decision. Although all wound dressings are intended to achieve optimal wound healing and protection from contamination, they do so to varying degrees depending on the qualities of the dressing and the wound itself. This article looks at a range of dressings, from traditional to newer dressings, and evaluates their benefits and contraindications to help determine where they are best suited for use in wound management.
Comparative Non-Darcian Modeling of Subsurface Preferential Flow Experimental Observations in a Riparian Buffer
Authors: Orozco-López Enrique , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael
Published: November 2021

Highlights

High ecohydrological activity drives macropore prevalence in riparian buffers.

An abundance of macropore flow (MF) was confirmed in a field riparian buffer in Kenya.

Source-response (SR) and multilayer kinematic diffusive wave (MKDW) MF models are compared.

A novel MKDW modeling framework efficiently identifies and predicts preferential flow in riparian buffers.

Abstract. The significant ecohydrological activity typical of riparian buffers makes them potential hotspots of macropores, i.e., structured preferential flow pathways, through the soil vadose zone. The prevalence of these preferential pathways can allow transported contaminants to bypass the soil matrix and quickly reach a seasonal shallow water table and the adjacent surface waterbody. This quick transport can ultimately limit the role of riparian buffers for runoff pollution control. Currently, there are no management tools that incorporate macropore flow (MF) when assessing riparian buffer performance. The objective of this study was to experimentally quantify and mathematically simulate macropore flow and arrival time in a riparian buffer under field conditions. Three infiltration experiments were conducted with a grid of 20 time-domain transmission (TDT) dielectric soil moisture sensors along a field riparian buffer transect in Kenya to quantify the presence of macropore flow and to test two non-Darcian soil MF models, including the source-responsive (SR) model and the modified kinematic-dispersive wave (MKDW) model developed in this study, by adding a user-defined multilayer convection scheme and a new hysteresis function between water flux and content. The abundance of MF in the riparian buffer was corroborated experimentally. Modeling results showed that the MKDW model was an efficient (average NSE of 0.937 and 0.721 for calibration and testing, respectively), flexible, and robust method to identify and represent non-linear and non-sequential MF signals at any soil depth and antecedent conditions. The SR model was computationally inexpensive and provided good calibration results (NSE = 0.867) but required piecemeal recalibration of the travel time and maximum water content at each layer and yielded lower performance in testing. The Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria showed that MKDW outperformed SR when accounting for the trade-off between model complexity and efficiency. The results support further research focused on independent characterization of model parameters at the field scale, and the inclusion of MKDW in holistic riparian buffer management and decision-support tools such as VFSmod. Keywords: Kinematic-dispersive wave, Macropore flow, Numerical modeling, Preferential flow, Riparian vadose zone.
Feeling protected: protective masculinity and femininity from Donald Trump and Joe Biden to Jacinda Ardern
Authors: Johnson Carol
Published: November 2021

This article emphasises the role that political leaders’ discourse plays in evoking positive emotions among citizens in uncertain times, such as feeling protected, secure and proud in addition to the leaders’ (often interconnected) role of encouraging negative feelings such as fear, resentment and anger. The article argues that such discourse frequently involves performances of gendered leadership. It cites examples from a range of countries to illustrate the points being made, but focuses on the 2020 US presidential election which saw a contest between two forms of protective masculinity: Trump’s exclusionary, macho, hypermasculinity versus Biden’s more socially inclusive, empathetic and softer version. Trump’s protective masculinity failure over managing the COVID-19 pandemic was arguably one of the factors contributing to his electoral defeat, while Biden aimed to make voters feel safer and more protected than under Trump. The article also provides examples of protective femininity, with a particular focus on the discourse of New Zealand’s prime minister, Jacinda Ardern.
Memory, Affectivity and Intimacy in Doris Lessing's Love, Again and Rosa Montero's La carne
Authors: García Navarro Carmen
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the literary approaches used by Doris Lessing in Love, Again (1995), and Rosa Montero in her novel La Carne (2016), emphasising the parallels between these writers' interest in women’s ageing experiences and the role that both of these novels’ main characters play in the contemporary cultural scene. Of particular interest in this article is the experience of these female authors who write these novels between the 1990s and the two first decades of the 21st century, historical periods which were marked by major social and economic upheaval, I suggest that their respective productions problematise the notions of memory, affectivity and intimacy, and notably showcase the contributions made by women in the process of ageing as creative agents of social and cultural changes in contemporary Europe.
De ondinas, melusinas, sirenas y peces. Una reflexión sobre mujer, lenguaje y poder en algunas obras de la literatura alemana del siglo XX
Authors: Palma Ceballos Miriam
Published: November 2021

El agua ha sido, en muchas culturas, un elemento frecuentemente asociado con la feminidad que ha dado lugar a una profusa cristalización en símbolos. Las sirenas, Melusina y las ondinas han sido, en este sentido, figuras relevantes, conectadas, por lo general, con una idea amenazante de lo femenino, si bien en el romanticismo y el surrealismo se revierte en parte dicha equivalencia: aunque igualmente vinculada con lo líquido, se dota a la mujer de un poder redentor. Desde posicionamientos feministas occidentales, sobre todo de la diferencia, la relación entre lo femenino y lo fluido ha servido también para replantear, de modo crítico, el lugar que ocupa la feminidad en el orden simbólico para, desde ahí, esbozar otras posibilidades de conceptualización y representación. El presente artículo se centra en el análisis de algunas de estas figuras acuáticas femeninas en cuatro obras de escritoras del siglo XX pertenecientes al ámbito literario germano-parlante: Ingeborg Bachmann, Irmtraud Morgner y Yoko Tawada. En todas ellas son centrales las figuras asociadas al medio acuático y sirven para abordar cuestiones que tienen que ver con la identidad femenina, el poder, el lenguaje y la escritura.
Real-time, large-depth holographic 3D head-up display: selected aspects
Authors: Teich M. , Schuster T. , Leister N. , Zozgornik S. , Fugal J. , Wagner T. , Zschau E. , Häussler R. , Stolle H.
Published: November 2021

Today’s state-of-the-art automotive head-up displays (HUD) possess single- or double layer focal planes that limit the observers’ eye focus to these planes when crucial information is shown. Other visual 3D cues such as motion parallax also suffer from this limitation. The resulting viewing experience contradicts the natural way of viewing during driving or interaction, when alerts and hints should appear at the correct projection depth where real objects of interest are located. Here we present a real-time holographic HUD with continuous depth that supports the intuitive and natural way of viewing and interacting with virtual environments outside and inside the car. We demonstrate full-color, 3D real-time encoding within a field-of-view of

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∘

×

3

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.
Near unity transmission and full phase control with asymmetric Huygens’ dielectric metasurfaces for holographic projections
Authors: Liang Xinan , Yu Yefeng , Xu Xuewu , Fu Yuan Hsing , Valuckas Vytautas , Paniagua-Dominguez Ramon , Kuznetsov Arseniy I.
Published: November 2021

Huygens’ metasurfaces are transparent arrays of nanostructures that enable phase-front manipulation. This is achieved by simultaneous excitation of electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) resonances with equal amplitudes and phases in the constituent meta-atoms. In usual designs, the size changes of the meta-atoms, necessary to map the phase front, can detune the overlapping of ED and MD resonances, decreasing the transmission and limiting the operating bandwidth. In this report, we demonstrate that ED and MD resonances can be almost perfectly tuned together over a large wavelength range, keeping their spectral overlap, in a silicon metasurface by using anisotropic meta-atoms. In particular, we show near-unity transmission (

>

95

%

in simulations) and

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π

phase control in a wavelength range from 760 to 815 nm using cuboidal nanoantennas. Using this concept, we also experimentally demonstrate clear reconstruction from holograms of a single metasurface spanning the near infrared and the whole visible spectral range.
On-line high-accuracy particulate matter monitoring technology using multi-channel scattering signals
Authors: Zeng Jin , Chen Ang , Bian Ang , Xu Wenbo , Li Liangbo , Liu Deming , Wang Shu , Deng Tian
Published: November 2021

Particulate matter has adverse effects on the environment and human health, thus emission monitoring of particulate matter is essential for environment and human health protection. Optical methods are popular for on-line particulate matter emission monitoring due to their low cost, high sensitivity and easy maintainability. However, the measurement accuracy is susceptible to the particle size distribution of the particulate matter. To resolve this problem, a new optical method using multi-channel scattering signals and a proof-of-concept prototype sensor are proposed in this paper. According to multi-channel scattering signals, which reflect the change of particle size distribution, the prototype sensor adaptively sets the mass scattering coefficient to improve the mass concentration measurement accuracy. Compared with the state-of-the-art optical technologies, simulation results show that the relative standard deviation was reduced from 242% to 4% by our method. In the tests of our prototype sensor, the maximum relative measurement errors are 10% for di-ethylhexyl-sebacat (DEHS) monodisperse aerosols and 11% for coal smoke. Given that it is low cost, highly sensitive and easy to maintain, the new method has significant potential for precise measurement of particulate matter in mobile or stationary pollution monitoring applications.
Machine learning identifies liquids employing a simple fiber-optic tip sensor
Authors: Naku Wassana , Zhu Chen , Nambisan Anand K. , Gerald Rex E. , Huang Jie
Published: November 2021

We proposed an extremely simple fiber-optic tip sensor system to identify liquids by combining their corresponding droplet evaporation events with analyses using machine learning techniques. Pendant liquid droplets were suspended from the cleaved endface of a single-mode fiber during the experiment. The optical fiber-droplet interface and the droplet-air interface served as two partial reflectors of an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) with a liquid droplet cavity. As the liquid pendant droplet evaporated, its length diminished. A light source can be used to observe the effective change in the net reflectivity of the optical fiber sensor system by observing the resulting optical interference phenomenon of the reflected waves. Using a single-wavelength probing light source, the entire evaporation event of the liquid droplet was precisely captured. The measured time transient response from the fiber-optic tip sensor to an evaporation event of a liquid droplet of interest was then transformed into image data using a continuous wavelet transform. The obtained image data was used to fine-tune pre-trained convolution neural networks (CNNs) for the given task. The results demonstrated that machine learning-based classification methods achieved greater than 98% accuracy in classifying different liquids based on their corresponding droplet evaporation processes, measured by the fiber-optic tip sensor.
Virtual speckle-based X-ray phase-contrast and dark-field imaging with digital phantoms
Authors: Saghamanesh Somayeh , Zboray Robert
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate two versatile, flexible, and accurate frameworks based on numerical and Monte Carlo approaches to simulate the X-ray speckle-based (SBI) technique for lab-based systems. The established tools can reproduce experimental setups in a cone-beam geometry and with polychromatic sources. Furthermore, they are computationally efficient to enable a fast virtual multi-modal tomography of digitized inhomogeneous phantoms. The proposed methods were evaluated and validated by analytical and experimental data for various samples. The Monte Carlo approach provides a realistic and accurate simulation, which is useful in diffuser design and dosimetry studies, while the numerical method is very efficient for parametric and tomographic studies. These approaches will be used for the optimization of lab-based X-ray SBI setups and generating sample images for enhancing phase retrieval algorithms.
Fast responsive 2D/3D switchable display using a liquid crystal microlens array
Authors: Tian Li-Lan , Chu Fan , Zhao Wu-Xiang , Li Lei , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: November 2021

A fast responsive two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) switchable display is demonstrated based on an active liquid crystal (LC) microlens array and a twisted nematic (TN) cell. Compared with the traditional LC microlens array, the fabricated LC microlens array has more ideal phase profile and better focusing effect. The TN cell can switch the polarization direction of the incident light with a very short switching time (4.3 ms) and a small driving voltage (

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V

r
m
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). By introducing the tilted elemental image arrays and tilted LC lens array, the moiré patterns are eliminated. The fast switching of the 2D/3D display can be realized by applying or removing voltage to the TN cell. The fast responsive 2D/3D switchable display with the LC microlens array and the TN cell is thin and compact without moiré pattern compared with other 2D/3D switchable display devices.
Optical and mechanical study of size-controlled Cu particles synthesized by electrodeposition
Authors: Yang Baoshuo , Ai Yuan , Liu Xiaowei
Published: November 2021

Optical and mechanical properties of size-controlled Cu particles (1.5 µm, 500 nm and 50 nm) fabricated by one-step electrodeposition were studied. First, surface morphology and composition were characterized by SEM and EDS, with crystal structure by TEM, SAED and XRD. Antioxidant ability of 50nm was verified by TGA. In the simple and novel synthesis process, Cu particles of 1.5 µm with polyhedron morphology were firstly synthesized. The increase of current density and addition of potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate played key roles in the grain refinement to 500 nm and 50 nm, respectively. Then, particular focus was given to the improvement of optical and mechanical properties with size reduction, by SERS, UV-Vis and nanoindentation. These properties were gradually enhanced with the decrease of particle size, and Cu particles of 50 nm show the best performance.
Impact of Intergenerational Patterns on Coaching Effectiveness
Authors: Schlüter Jan H.
Published: November 2021

This exploratory study examined the influence of intergenerational family patterns and transgenerational transmissions on coaching effectiveness. It specifically focused on the potential impact of coaches’ intergenerational patterns on their countertransference risks and development of coaching resources. Fifteen executive coaches were socioanalytically interviewed with a focused genogram and a self-as-instrument approach to understand the impact of intergenerational patterns and underlying family dynamics on coaching effectiveness. Results indicated a relationship between these factors and coaching effectiveness. This was especially the case with regard to the development of functional and adaptive coping behaviour rather than transmitting dysfunctional, maladaptive behaviour only. Analysing and debriefing live coaching situations with a focus on potential countertransference reactions would further validate these findings in future research. Given the results of this study, it seems essential to integrate the reflection of intergenerational patterns and related countertransference risks into the training and supervision of coaches.
GPRuler: Metabolic gene-protein-reaction rules automatic reconstruction
Authors: Di Filippo Marzia , Damiani Chiara , Pescini Dario
Published: November 2021

Metabolic network models are increasingly being used in health care and industry. As a consequence, many tools have been released to automate their reconstruction processde novo. In order to enable gene deletion simulations and integration of gene expression data, these networks must include gene-protein-reaction (GPR) rules, which describe with a Boolean logic relationships between the gene products (e.g., enzyme isoforms or subunits) associated with the catalysis of a given reaction. Nevertheless, the reconstruction of GPRs still remains a largely manual and time consuming process. Aiming at fully automating the reconstruction process of GPRs for any organism, we propose the open-source python-based frameworkGPRuler. By mining text and data from 9 different biological databases,GPRulercan reconstruct GPRs starting either from just the name of the target organism or from an existing metabolic model. The performance of the developed tool is evaluated at small-scale level for a manually curated metabolic model, and at genome-scale level for three metabolic models related toHomo sapiensandSaccharomyces cerevisiaeorganisms. By exploiting these models as benchmarks, the proposed tool shown its ability to reproduce the original GPR rules with a high level of accuracy. In all the tested scenarios, after a manual investigation of the mismatches between the rules proposed byGPRulerand the original ones, the proposed approach revealed to be in many cases more accurate than the original models. By complementing existing tools for metabolic network reconstruction with the possibility to reconstruct GPRs quickly and with a few resources,GPRulerpaves the way to the study of context-specific metabolic networks, representing the active portion of the complete network in given conditions, for organisms of industrial or biomedical interest that have not been characterized metabolically yet.
A secure remote user authentication scheme for 6LoWPAN-based Internet of Things
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Tanveer Muhammad , Abbas Ziaul Haq , Waqas Muhammad , Baker Thar , Al-Jumeily OBE Dhiya
Published: November 2021

One of the significant challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT) is the provisioning of guaranteed security and privacy, considering the fact that IoT devices are resource-limited. Oftentimes, in IoT applications, remote users need to obtain real-time data, with guaranteed security and privacy, from resource-limited network nodes through the public Internet. For this purpose, the users need to establish a secure link with the network nodes. Though the IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) adaptation layer standard offers IPv6 compatibility for resource-limited wireless networks, the fundamental 6LoWPAN structure ignores security and privacy characteristics. Thus, there is a pressing need to design a resource-efficient authenticated key exchange (AKE) scheme for ensuring secure communication in 6LoWPAN-based resource-limited networks. This paper proposes a resource-efficient secure remote user authentication scheme for 6LoWPAN-based IoT networks, called SRUA-IoT. SRUA-IoT achieves the authentication of remote users and enables the users and network entities to establish private session keys between themselves for indecipherable communication. To this end, SRUA-IoT uses a secure hash algorithm, exclusive-OR operation, and symmetric encryption primitive. We prove through informal security analysis that SRUA-IoT is secured against a variety of malicious attacks. We also prove the security strength of SRUA-IoT through formal security analysis conducted by employing the random oracle model. Additionally, we prove through Scyther-based validation that SRUA-IoT is resilient against various attacks. Likewise, we demonstrate that SRUA-IoT reduces the computational cost of the nodes and communication overheads of the network.