bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of loans from international financial institutions on the economy of Serbia
Authors: Hrustic Hasiba
Published: May 2011

The rapid foreign credit growth has been one of the main drivers of growth in
Serbia in recent years. As growth has accelerated, the Serbian economy has
become burdened with considerable external imbalances and current account
deficits. As a result of the growing debt financing of the external deficit,
the foreign debt rose to 22.7 billion EUR in late December 2009. Since the
gains from privatization in the 2008-2010 period are not means of servicing
the loans that could be counted on in the long run, the issue of sustaining
the existing dynamics of paying off the foreign loan has been brought into
question. International financial organizations have an important role in
Serbia?s economic development and convergence with the European Union. Its
resources have been mainly focused on spurring economic growth and promoting
the policies that stimulate foreign direct investment and create employment,
restructuring and ownership change in the enterprise sector.
Low arterial pressure on admission as a predictor of mortality in operated patients with type A aortic dissection
Authors: Pavlovic Katica , Cemerlic-Adjic Nada , Jovelic Aleksandra , Somer Dalibor
Published: May 2011

Background/Aim. Hypertension is a known predictor of proximal aortic
dissection, but it is not commonly present in these patients on presentation.
The associations between ascending aorta with left ventricular hypertrophy,
cardiovascular risk factors and coronary atherosclerosis, and outcome of
these patients are not fully elucidated. Methods. This retrospective study
included 55 consecutive patients with acute type A aortic dissection treated
surgically in our institution during the last 2 years. The diagnosis was
based on imaging studies. Diameter of ascending aorta was measured with
echocardiography. Results. The mean age of the patients was 55.4 ? 12.19
years, and 72.7% were men. A history of arterial hypertension was present in
76.4% of the patients. Maximal ascending aorta diameter was 4.09 ? 0.59 cm,
while patients with frank aneurysm accounted for 5.5%. Systolic blood
pressure on admission was < 150 mmHg in 58.2% of the patients. Diastolic
blood pressure on admission was < 90 mmHg in 54.5% of the patients. Mean
arterial pressure on admission was 104.9 ? 24.6 mmHg. No correlations were
demonstrated between maximal ascending aorta diameter and diameter of the
left ventricular wall, any obtained risk factor and with coronary artery
atherosclerosis (p > 0.05). After six months 11 (20%) patients died, while
intrahospital mortality was 72%. According to logistic regression analysis
which included traditional risk factors, echo parameters, coronary artery
disease and logistic euro scor, mean arterial blood pressure was the
independent predictor of a six-month mortality [RR 0.956; CI (0.918-0.994 );
p = 0.024]. Conclusion. In our population the acute type A aortic dissection
occurred rarely in the setting of frank ascending aortic aneurysms > 5.0 cm.
The majority of patients had a history of arterial hypertension. A history of
arterial hypertension was not associated with maximal ascending aorta
diameter. Mean arterial blood pressure was the independent predictor of a
six-months mortality.
Cytokines in pathogenesis of peri-implantitis
Authors: Petkovic-Curcin Aleksandra , Matic Smiljana , Vojvodic Danilo , Stamatovic Novak , Todorovic Tatjana
Published: May 2011

nema
Familial aggregation of bladder cancer
Authors: Ilic Milena , Stojadinovic Miroslav , Milosavljevic Zoran
Published: May 2011

Background. Except for smoking and certain occupational exposures, the
etiology of bladder cancer is largely unknown. Several case reports have
described familial aggregation of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Although the majority of patients with bladder cancer do not have family
history of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract, the study of
familial transitional cell carcinoma may lead to the knowledge on the
pathogenesis of this disease. The purpose of this study was to describe three
cases of urinary bladder cancer in a single three-member family, i.e. in two
generations (mother and son) and a family member related by marriage (the
patient?s wife). Case report. Three cases of urinary bladder cancer occurred
in a three-member family within the interval of 5 years. The following common
characteristics were detected in our patients: old age (over 60), working as
farmers for more than 50 years, negative personal medical history on relevant
health disorders, place of birth - village, place of residence - village, the
same water supply, similar nutrition, positive family history on urinary
bladder cancer or other malignant tumors, the first sign of illness was
macroscopic hematuria in all the patients and the same pathohistological type
of cancer - carcinoma papillare transitiocellulare. Conclusion. The stated
common characteristics in our cases indicate, above all, the impact of
exposure to external surrounding factors on the occurrence of urinary bladder
cancer.
Hashimoto's encephalopathy: A long-lasting remission induced by intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Drulovic Jelena , Andrejevic Sladjana , Bonaci-Nikolic Branka , Mijailovic Vesna
Published: May 2011

Background. Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare autoimmune syndrome
characterized by various neuropsychiatric manifestations, responsive to
steroid treatment and associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. There are only
a few reports suggesting that intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) might
represent an efficacious treatment modality for the severe steroid-resistant
HE cases. We presented a patient with HE who developed a complete recovery
after the IVIG therapy followed by a long-lasting remission. Case report. We
described herien a female patient with the one-year history of autoimmune
thyroiditis before the development of neuropsychiatric manifestations. In May
1999, a 38-year-old woman presented at the Institute of Neurology, Clinical
Center of Serbia, Belgrade, with the brain-stem syndrome which responded well
to steroid treatment. After detailed examinations, the diagnosis of
Hashimoto's encephalopathy was established. Two years later, in June 2001,
new manifestations (unsteadiness in gait, personality changes, seizures, and
persistent headache) gradually developed during a 6-month period. Response to
steroids was unsatisfactory and partial, since headaches and personality
changes had continuously worsened. In January 2002, the patient received IVIG
(0.4 g/kg body weight daily for 5 days). Gradual improvement was noticed and
a complete recovery developed over the following weeks. Up to March 2009,
during a 7-year follow-up period, remission persisted. Conclusion. To our
best knowledge, this is the first report of a long-lasting remission of
Hashimoto?s encephalopathy after IVIG therapy. Therefore, this case further
supports administration of IVIG, as a potentially beneficial treatment
modality, in severe cases of Hashimoto's encephalopathy which are completely
or partially resistant to steroids.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Krsmanovic Zeljko , Dincic Evica , Kostic Smiljana , Lackovic Vesna , Bajcetic Milos , Lackovic Maja , Boskovic Zeljko , Raicevic Ranko
Published: May 2011

Introduction. Fast and precise diagnostics of the disease from the large
group of adult leukoencephalopathy is difficult but responsible job, because
the outcome of the disease is very often determined by its name. Cerebral
autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and
leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is caused by the mutation of Notch 3 gene on
chromosome locus 19p13. Beside the brain arterioles being the main disease
targets, extracerebral small blood vessels are affected by the pathological
process. Clinically present signs are recurrent ischemic strokes and vascular
dementia. CADASIL in its progressive form shows a distinctive pattern of
pathological changes on MRI of endocranium. The diagnosis is confirmed by the
presence of granular osmiophilic material (GOM) in histopathological skin
biopsies. Case reports. Two young adult patients manifested ischemic strokes
of unknown etiology, cognitive deterioration, migraine and psychopathological
phenomenology. MRI of endocranium pointed on CADASIL. Ultrastructural
examination of skin biopsy proved the presence of GOM in the basal lamina and
near smooth muscle cells of arteriole dermis leading to CADASIL diagnosis.
The presence of GOM in histopathological preparation is 100% specific for
CADASIL. The patients were not searched for mutation in Notch 3 gene on
chromosome 19, because some other leukoencephalopathy was disregarded.
Conclusion. Suggestive clinical picture, distinctive finding of endocranium
MRI, the presence of GOM by ultrastructural examination of histopathological
skin biopsies are sufficient to confirm CADASIL diagnosis.
Occult Androgenetic-Biparental Mosaicism and Sporadic Hepatic Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Authors: Lin Jingxian , Cole Bonnie L. , Qin Xuan , Zhang Min , Kapur Raj P.
Published: May 2011

The incidence of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma (HMH) is increased in patients with placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD), which appears to be caused by androgeneticbiparental mosaicism (ABM). We hypothesized that occult ABM might underlie cases of HMH with no known history of PMD. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HMH specimens from 10 such patients and liver specimens from 6 non-HMH controls were identified retrospectively from the surgical pathology records of a pediatric hospital. The relative abundance of maternal and paternal alleles was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification of polymorphic short tandem repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms located on 15 different chromosomes. Androgenetic-biparental mosaicism was diagnosed in one patient based on global allelic imbalances at all informative loci. In that patient, the greatest imbalances were observed in stroma-rich portions of the hamartoma, with no significant imbalance in histologically normal liver or epithelium-rich portions of the hamartoma. A retrospective, unbiased review of the histology and clinical records from all 10 patients revealed no morphologic or clinical correlates to distinguish the affected patient, except that she had multiple cutaneous hemangiomas, which like HMH, appear to be more common in patients with PMD. Our findings suggest that other patients with apparently sporadic HMH, hemangioma, or other lesions seen more frequently with PMD may harbor occult ABM. Recognition of ABM may be important because its long-term consequences are unknown but may be significant.
On complements and the factorization problem of Hopf algebras
Authors: Burciu Sebastian
Published: May 2011

Two new results concerning complements in a semisimple Hopf algebra are proved. They extend some well-known results from group theory. The uniqueness of a Krull-Schmidt-Remak type decomposition is proved for semisimple completely reducible Hopf algebras.
Investigations of As-S-Se thin films for use as inorganic photoresist for digital image-matrix holography
Authors: Bulanovs Andrejs , Gerbreders Vjacheslavs , Kirilovs George , Teteris Janis
Published: May 2011

As-S-Se chalcogenide thin films are successfully employed in classical and dot-matrix holography as inorganic photoresists for obtaining a relief-phase hologram. However using these films for image-matrix hologram recording has not been studied due to some features of image-matrix technology. For the applied research of the optical properties of As-S-Se films an experimental device of digital image-matrix holographic recording based on 100 mW 405 nm semi-conductor laser and Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) has been created. The device has the following main parameters: 140 × 105 µm frame size; laser intensity during exposure 10 W/cm2. With the help of this device diffraction grating and security holograms were recorded on As-S-Se thin films. The work reported herein presents results of an experimental study of how diffraction efficiency (DE) of the received relief-phase holographic gratings depends on an exposure and period. Diffraction grating profiles and speed of etching corresponding to different exposure doses are shown. Hologram samples with DE = 65% have been received which allows for using chalcogenide film as alternative to organic photoresists in applied dot-matrix and image-matrix holography.
Electromagnetic field with induced massive term: Case with scalar field
Authors: Rybakov Yuri , Shikin Georgi , Popov Yuri , Saha Bijan
Published: May 2011

We consider an interacting system of massless scalar and electromagnetic fields, with the Lagrangian explicitly depending on the electromagnetic potentials, i.e., interaction with broken gauge invariance. The Lagrangian for interaction is chosen in such a way that the electromagnetic field equation acquires an additional term, which in some cases is proportional to the vector potential of the electromagnetic field. This equation can be interpreted as the equation of motion of photon with induced nonzero rest-mass. This system of interacting fields is considered within the scope of Bianchi type-I (BI) cosmological model. It is shown that, as a result of interaction the isotropization process of the expansion takes place.
On the feasibility of charged wormholes
Authors: Kuhfittig Peter
Published: May 2011

While wormhole spacetimes are predictions of the general theory of relativity, specific solutions may not be compatible with quantum field theory. This paper modifies the charged wormhole model of Kim and Lee with the aim of satisfying an extended version of a quantum inequality due to Ford and Roman. The modified metric may be viewed as a solution of the Einstein fields equations representing a charged wormhole that is compatible with quantum field theory.
A population-based case control study of congenital abnormalities and medication use during pregnancy using the Czech National Register of congenital abnormalities
Authors: Mašková Jana , Šípek Antonín , Kollár Peter
Published: May 2011

The aim was to identify and quantify the association between the use of particular medications during the first trimester of pregnancy and selected congenital abnormalities (CAs) of newborns. Data were from the Czech National Registry of CAs. We used a case-control design, and collected total of 7285 cases and 9143 controls. Thiethylperazine and iron compounds had no effect on development of CAs. Lower odds ratio and potentially protective associations were found between CAs and bioflavonoids, folic acid, progesterone, levothyroxine, and iodine therapy. Since the protective effect of bioflavonoids was not described before, analysis of interaction with other drugs was performed. However, their protective effect was not confirmed and the strongest significant protective effect was detected in combination of bioflavonoids and progesterone. Increased odds ratio were identified for hydroxyprogesterone, phenoxymethylpenicillin, aspirin, paracetamol and valproic acid. The association between paracetamol and congenital foot deformities was not significant, while the same association for the whole group of CAs and deformities of musculoskeletal system had significantly increased odds ratio. Except newly described effect of bioflavonoids, our results are in agreement with risk categories defined by health authorities in USA and Australia, and with results of other studies. According to our results, paracetamol does not influence development of congenital foot deformities.
The World without Sight. A Comparative Study of Concept Understanding in Polish Congenitally Totally Blind and Sighted Children
Authors: Jaworska-Biskup Katarzyna
Published: May 2011

The World without Sight. A Comparative Study of Concept Understanding in Polish Congenitally Totally Blind and Sighted Children

The paper presents the outcome of an experiment on concept understanding in Polish congenitally totally blind and sighted children. A test of free associations was administered to a group of 40 sighted and 24 congenitally totally blind children between the ages of 7 and 9. The research instrument included 25 sample concepts grouped into four categories such as colors, nature phenomena, features of living organisms and physical processes. The collected responses lend support to the fact that there exist many impediments to proper concept understanding due to limited hands-on experience arising out of blindness, visible in the research by the presence of gaps in knowledge or egocentrism-based responses. The data exhibits a blind child's high dependence on contextual clues and a delay in the process of decontextualization, especially if it is not accompanied by sufficient stimulation from the child's environment.
Participation in Competitive Sport and Sport Leisure Among Working Inhabitants of Warsaw Based on Selected Groups
Authors: Biernat Elżbieta , Tyburcy Małgorzata , Gajewski Antoni
Published: May 2011

Participation in Competitive Sport and Sport Leisure Among Working Inhabitants of Warsaw Based on Selected Groups

Introduction.
The aim of this work was to explore sports activities among various socio-professional groups based on the example of the inhabitants of Warsaw.
Material and methods.
The sample comprised of 6547 inhabitants of Warsaw - representatives of 16 professional groups. The study was conducted with the use of an especially designed questionnaire, featuring two sections - the first one devoted to organised sport, and the second and on the participation in sport leisure (regular, periodical, sporadic) within the previous year. In keeping with the European definition, sport is understood as both competitive sport, and regular sport leisure or recreation. The survey was carried out by trained interviewers exclusively in March and November 2006-2008.
Results.
Participation in sport activities among Poles increased not only compared to other European countries, but also to previous Polish studies, as it pertained to 43% of Warsaw inhabitants. The proportion of Warsaw residents involved in organised sport amounted to 6%, and those involved in regular recreation to 41%. Pupils and students are the most active both in sport and in leisure. Nearly 19% of pupils and nearly 8% of students are involved in organised sport activities, while for sport leisure this proportion amounts to 55% and 50% respectively. In the case of both competitive sport activities and leisure the number of men exceeds the number of women involved in them.
Conclusions.
Sport activities that Poles involve in are still not close to the recommended WHO and ATMS norms.
Cut throat injury: review of 67 cases
Authors: Aich Manilal , Alam ABM Khorshed , Talukder Debesh Chandra , Sarder MA Rouf , Fakir Abu Yousuf , Hossain Monir
Published: May 2011

Introduction: To evaluate the demographic pattern types, motives and its consequences of cut throat injury. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of ENTHead & Neck Surgery at Dhaka medical college hospital, Dhaka, from January 2009 to June 2010, among 67 admitted cases of cut throat injury victims. Results: Among 67 cases, 47 were male and 20 were female, aged between 7 – 73 years (mean 28.82±11.38). Majority of victims were young adult 41 (61.19%), aged between 21 to 30 years, 52(77.61%) were from rural community and 53(79.10%) were belong to the low socioeconomic class. Homicide was commonest (71.64%) cause. Only 7 (10.44%) victims had suicidal attempt for doing self cut, where female out numbered. Political conflict (22.38%) and the land dispute (25.37%) were the major contributory factors behind the homicidal cut throat injuries. 50 (74.63%) victims were injured at the zone-II level of the neck. 34(50.75%) victims were injured in larynx. Emergency tracheostomy needed among 38 (56.72%) victims and blood transfusion needed among 30(44.78%) cases for haemorrhage. Majority stayed less than two week duration (80.59%) in the hospital. As the consequence of this injury 8.96% victims died due to haemorrhagic shock, aspiration pneumonitis & septicaemia. Conclusion: Social and political motivation, increase literacy rate and economical growth along with improvement of law and order of the land prevent vast majority from homicidal cut throat. Early interference in an improved management set up with surgical intervention may reduce the mortality and morbid consequences. Key words: Cut throat injury; Neck injury; Penetrating neck injury. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7616 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 5-13
Topographical distribution of sinonasal malignancy
Authors: Ali Mohammad Idrish , Siddiquee Belayat Hossain , Islam Md Azharul , Ekramuddaula AFM , Rahman Sheikh Hasanur , Sattar Mohammad Abdus
Published: May 2011

Objective: In this study forty patients of sinonasal malignancy were studied to observe the topographical distribution of the disease. Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University during the period of January 2007 to December 2008. The diagnosis was made by detailed history, clinical examination, investigation. Analyzed data presented by various tables, graphs and figures. Results: In this study majority of the patients were within 51-60 years of age. Male to female ratio was 3:1 and came from rural area (62.5%). Most of them were farmers (37.5%), illiterate (35%), poor socioeconomic condition (55%) and habits were smoker (37.5%). Most of the patients presented with multiple symptoms and multiple sinuses involvement (70%) and among single sinus involvement maxillary (58.34%) followed by nasal cavity (33.33%), ethmoidal sinuses (8.33%), primary frontal and sphenoid tumours were not found. About T stage of tumour T3 (42.5%), T4 (37.5%), T2 (15%) and T1 (5%). 08 cases were nodal involvement (20%), submandibular node metastasis were most common (62.5%), squamous cell carcinoma (55%), followed by adenocystic carcinoma (10%). Adenocarcinoma (7.5%), mucoepidermal carcinoma (5%), non Hodgkin’s lymphoma (5%), transitional cell carcinoma (5%), small cell carcinoma (5%), chondosarcoma (2.5%) and malignant fibrous histocytoma (2.5%). Radiological finding with bone destruction (12.5%), without bone destruction (87.5%), intracranial involvement (45%) and orbital extension (17.5%). Conclusion: From the review of the series it is obvious that sinonasal malignancy usually presented at advanced stage with multiple sinus involvement. In case of single sinus involvement maxillary antral carcinoma is significantly common than other sinuses. Key words: Topographical Distribution; Sinonasal Malignancy. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7619 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 21-28
Clinical and radiobiological comparison of two palliative regimens of radiotherapy in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Mitra Debabrata , Choudhury Kakali , Rashid Md Abdur
Published: May 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare two different palliative radiotherapy regimes - standard hypofractionated regime and split course hypofractionated regime in advanced head and neck cancer.  Methods: 60 untreated patients of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck who were treated with palliative intent were randomized into two arms: Arm A (n=30) patients received 30 Gy in 10 fractions in two weeks; Arm B (n=30) patients received 1750 cGy in 5 fractions followed by a three weeks gap and then again 1750 cGy in 5 fractons, treatment completed in 5 weeks. Result: The response was comparable in both the arms. Symptom palliation was also similar; pain relief was 76% in both arms and relief of dysphagia 73% in arm A vs 79% in arm B. Partial response rate was equivalent (69% vs 62%). Mucositis and upper GI toxicity did not show any significant difference. Patient drop out was only 1 in arm B compared to 4 in arm A. The BED10 values are 39 and 37.84 in arm A and B respectively; whereas the BED3 values are 60 and 75.8. Conclusion: We conclude that the second regime can also be used in palliative setting in some selected patients. Key words: Advanced head and neck cancer; Palliative Radiation. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7620 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 29-35
Clinical presentation and management of parapharyngeal space tumours
Authors: Anwar Mostafa Mahfuzul
Published: May 2011

Methods: Tumors originating in the parapharyngeal space are uncommon. During the period of January 1999 to December 2008. Among them 34 patients underwent surgery for parapharyngeal space tumors at the Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Results: Ninety one percent of the parapharyngeal space neoplasms were benign; 9% were malignant. Majority of the benign tumors were salivary gland origin followed by neurogenic tumors. The use of FNAC, computed tomography scan and ultrasound imaging are very useful to assess the location, size, vascularity, tissue origin and relation of parapharyngeal space tumors to surrounding anatomical structures. Conclusion: This information was essential in planning surgical approaches and predicting the prognosis. Details of the management, morbidity, and outcome of these patients were presented. Key words: Tumor; Parapharyngeal space. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7626 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 36-41
Clinical study on chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma
Authors: Yousuf Mohammed , Majumder Khorshed A , Kamal Akter , Shumon Ahmed M , Zaman Yeahyea
Published: May 2011

Objectives: To find out different etio-pathological factors of the disease and also to rise awareness among all levels of medical practitioners and thus decrease missing of diagnosis by early referral, appropriate surgical intervention, and thereby reduce morbidity and mortality of the patient. Methods: A total of 100 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) were collected from the department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital Dhaka from January 2003 to February 2004. Patients having CSOM with definitive cholesteatoma with or without complications were included in this study in different age & sex belong to different socioeconomic conditions. Results: One hundred patients of CSOM with cholesteatoma had been included in this study to see the various aspects of the disease with particular attention to know the etiopathology of CSOM with cholesteatoma with or without complications in our perspective. One hundred patients of different age and sex belonging to different socioeconomic conditions were examined meticulously under magnification and investigated as per protocol. The study shows poverty, illiteracy, overcrowding, living in slum with kuntcha floor, bathing in ponds and river with the habit of swimming are the main etiological factors. The study also shows ignorance about primary health care and grave consequences of the disease, nonavailability of trained doctors in the vicinity are also responsible for the development of disease and its complications. Conclusion: The study concluded that by avoiding etiological factors, improving socioeconomic condition & literacy status and by providing trained doctors in the rural areas, the development of the disease & its complications can be reduced and thus saves thousands of lives with early referral and early surgical intervention. Key words: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media; Cholesteatoma. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7627 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 42-47
Choanal atresia
Authors: Sattar Md Abdus , Sultana Tajmira
Published: May 2011

DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7630 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 59-61
Giant haemangioma of the naso-orohypopharynx treated by midline mandible split
Authors: Ramalingam KK , Ramalingam Ravi , Rayappa C , Chaudhary Ashlesha B
Published: May 2011

Hemangioma is a benign tumour characterised by an increased number of normal or abnormal blood vessels. A 22-year-old male presented with occassional hemoptysis of 3 weeks duration. Clinical examination revealed an angry looking red mass in the oropharynx suggestive of hemangioma. MRI and MRAngiography revealed the mass to be a hemangioma extending from the skull base to the vocal cord level. The hemangioma was excised surgically using a midline labio mandibulo glossotomy approach. Follow up till date has been uneventful. Key words: Haemangioma; Phayrnx DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7631 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 62-67
Mucosal malignant melanoma of nasal cavity presenting in a young male
Authors: Mukherjee Ankur , Rashid Md Abdur , Dutta Sirshak , Dutta Mainak , Saha Jayanta , Indranil M , Sinha Ramanuj
Published: May 2011

Introduction: Mucosal malignant melanoma (MMM) in nose is a rare tumour with an incidence of only 0.67% of all malignant melanomas. It presents more commonly in older age from 5th to 8th decades. Curiously though, in our case, the melanoma presented in a young male with symptoms like a polyp. Case presentation: A 36-year-old male East Indian farmer presented with occasional bleeding from left nasal cavity with nasal obstruction for the last one year with a painless greyish fleshy mass in the left nasal cavity from the past two months. It was initially misdiagnosed as antrochoanal polyp. Endoscopic excision biopsy revealed malignant melanoma. A radical repeat surgical approach was undertaken followed by radiotherapy. Patient is symptom free 6 months following radiotherapy. Conclusion: A high degree of suspicion is necessary to diagnose a malignant melanoma in nasal cavity. It needs a radical curative approach if there is no distant metastasis. Key Words: Mucosa; Melanoma; Nose. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v17i1.7632 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 17(1): 68-71
Heavy Drinking Is Associated with Poor Blood Pressure Control in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Authors: Judd Suzanne E. , McClure Leslie A. , Howard Virginia J. , Lackland Daniel T. , Halanych Jewell H. , Kabagambe Edmond K.
Published: May 2011

Alcohol intake has been shown to have a J-shaped association with blood pressure (BP). However, this association has not been examined in mixed race populations or in people with diabetes where tighter blood pressure control is recommended. Participants in the REGARDS study who were 45 years or older (n = 30,239) were included. Medical history (including self-reported alcohol intake) was collected by telephone while blood collection and clinical measurements were done during an in-home visit. We defined diabetes as use of medications and/or fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL and hypertension as use of blood pressure lowering medications and/or BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg in people with diabetes. After adjustment for confounders, heavy drinking was associated with an increased odds of hypertension (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.37, 1.87). Diabetes and gender significantly modified (interaction P < 0.05 for both) the association between alcohol use and hypertension, although heavy drinking remained associated with increased odds of hypertension in sub-group analyses. We did not observe the previously described J-shaped relationship in any sub-group except white females. These data suggest heavy alcohol consumption is associated with poor BP control and that heavy drinkers may want to consider limiting alcohol intake in order to manage hypertension.
KRAS Mutation Detection in Paired Frozen and Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Colorectal Cancer Tissues
Authors: Solassol Jérome , Ramos Jeanne , Crapez Evelyne , Saifi Majda , Mangé Alain , Vianès Evelyne , Lamy Pierre-Jean , Costes Valérie , Maudelonde Thierry
Published: May 2011

KRAS mutation has been unambiguously identified as a marker of resistance to cetuximab-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, most studies of KRAS mutation analysis have been performed using homogenously archived CRC specimens, and studies that compare freshly frozen specimens and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of CRC are lacking. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of tissue preservation on the determination of KRAS mutational status. A series of 131 mCRC fresh-frozen tissues were first analyzed using both high-resolution melting (HRM) and direct sequencing. KRAS mutations were found in 47/131 (35.8%) using both approaches. Out of the 47 samples that were positive for KRAS mutations, 33 had available matched FFPE specimens. Using HRM, 2/33 (6%) demonstrated suboptimal template amplification, and 2/33 (6%) expressed an erroneous wild-type KRAS profile. Using direct sequencing, 6/33 (18.1%) displayed a wild-type KRAS status, and 3/33 (9.1%) showed discordant mutations. Finally, the detection of KRAS mutations was lower among the FFPE samples compared with the freshly frozen samples, demonstrating that tissue processing clearly impacts the accuracy of KRAS genotyping.
Mechanism of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate- and Lysophosphatidic Acid-Induced Up-Regulation of Adhesion Molecules and Eosinophil Chemoattractant in Nerve Cells
Authors: Costello Richard W. , Maloney Michael , Atiyeh Mazin , Gleich Gerald , Walsh Marie-Therese
Published: May 2011

The lysophospholipids sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) act via G-protein coupled receptors S1P1–5 and LPA1–3 respectively, and are implicated in allergy. Eosinophils accumulate at innervating cholinergic nerves in asthma and adhere to nerve cells via intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells were used as an in vitro cholinergic nerve cell model. The Gi coupled receptors S1P1, S1P3, LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3 were expressed on IMR-32 cells. Both S1P and LPA induced ERK phosphorylation and ERK- and Gi-dependent up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression, with differing time courses. LPA also induced ERK- and Gi-dependent up-regulation of the eosinophil chemoattractant, CCL-26. The eosinophil granule protein eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) induced ERK-dependent up-regulation of transcription of S1P1, LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3, providing the situation whereby eosinophil granule proteins may enhance S1P- and/or LPA- induced eosinophil accumulation at nerve cells in allergic conditions.
Dehydration of (Perfluoroalkyl)tetramethylcyclopentenols
Authors: Čermák Jan , Nguyen Thi Thu Huong , Včelák Jaroslav , Krupková Alena
Published: May 2011

(Perfluoroalkyl) tetramethylcyclopentenols (alkyl = n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl) were dehydrated to a complex mixture of endo, endo-(perfluoroalkyl) tetramethyl-cyclopentadienes and their endo-, exo-isomers. It was found in preliminary screening experiments that the best reagent for this transformation, giving an 89% yield of isomeric product mixture, was P2O5 in benzene at 80-90 °C. Products were characterized on the basis of their mass spectra and retention time information, and some peaks in the mass spectra were identified from their molecular fragments. Structures were assigned to the three most abundant products of (perfluorohexyl)tetramethylcyclopentenol dehydration. Formal dehydration kinetics showed a second order reaction in benzene but zeroth order with induction period in chlorobenzene, suggesting mass transfer limitations in the more polar chlorobenzene. Some of the products were formed by consecutive isomerization of the others, as shown by the kinetic analysis.
Synthesis of Ginkgolic Acid Analogues and Evaluation of Their Molluscicidal Activity
Authors: Zhang Peng , Pan Jiahu , Duan Wanxing , Li Xuedong , Zhang Yao , Zhou Yibiao , Jiang Qingwu , Mao Zuohua , Yu Peizhong
Published: May 2011

Based on the molluscicidal activity of ginkgolic acids (GAs) isolated from Ginkgo biloba L, a series of Z/E isomers of GA analogues were prepared and evaluated for their molluscicidal activities against the host snail Oncomelania hupensis. The results and analysis of the structure-activity relationship revealed that the E-isomers showed better molluscicidal activities than their Z-isomers. Molluscicidal activities decreased with the shortening of the alkenyl chain lengths.
Burst Packet Loss Concealment Using Multiple Codebooks and Comfort Noise for CELP-Type Speech Coders in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Park Nam In , Kim Hong Kook , Jung Min A , Lee Seong Ro , Choi Seung Ho
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a packet loss concealment (PLC) algorithm for CELP-type speech coders is proposed in order to improve the quality of decoded speech under burst packet loss conditions in a wireless sensor network. Conventional receiver-based PLC algorithms in the G.729 speech codec are usually based on speech correlation to reconstruct the decoded speech of lost frames by using parameter information obtained from the previous correctly received frames. However, this approach has difficulty in reconstructing voice onset signals since the parameters such as pitch, linear predictive coding coefficient, and adaptive/fixed codebooks of the previous frames are mostly related to silence frames. Thus, in order to reconstruct speech signals in the voice onset intervals, we propose a multiple codebook-based approach that includes a traditional adaptive codebook and a new random codebook composed of comfort noise. The proposed PLC algorithm is designed as a PLC algorithm for G.729 and its performance is then compared with that of the PLC algorithm currently employed in G.729 via a perceptual evaluation of speech quality, a waveform comparison, and a preference test under different random and burst packet loss conditions. It is shown from the experiments that the proposed PLC algorithm provides significantly better speech quality than the PLC algorithm employed in G.729 under all the test conditions.
A Novel Cloning Template Designing Method by Using an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Edge Detection of CNN Based Imaging Sensors
Authors: Parmaksızoğlu Selami , Alçı Mustafa
Published: May 2011

Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely used recently in applications such as edge detection, noise reduction and object detection, which are among the main computer imaging processes. They can also be realized as hardware based imaging sensors. The fact that hardware CNN models produce robust and effective results has attracted the attention of researchers using these structures within image sensors. Realization of desired CNN behavior such as edge detection can be achieved by correctly setting a cloning template without changing the structure of the CNN. To achieve different behaviors effectively, designing a cloning template is one of the most important research topics in this field. In this study, the edge detecting process that is used as a preliminary process for segmentation, identification and coding applications is conducted by using CNN structures. In order to design the cloning template of goal-oriented CNN architecture, an Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm which is inspired from the foraging behavior of honeybees is used and the performance analysis of ABC for this application is examined with multiple runs. The CNN template generated by the ABC algorithm is tested by using artificial and real test images. The results are subjectively and quantitatively compared with well-known classical edge detection methods, and other CNN based edge detector cloning templates available in the imaging literature. The results show that the proposed method is more successful than other methods.
Predictors of Having a Resistance Test following Confirmed Virological Failure of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: Data from Eurosida
Authors:   EuroSIDA, Fox Zoe V , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro , Monforte Antonella D'Arminio , Karlsson Anders , Phillips Andrew N , Kronborg Gitte , Kjaer Jesper , Clotet Bonaventura , Lundgren Jens D
Published: May 2011

Background

Guidelines suggest that patients on continuous antiretroviral therapy for >4 months with current viral load (VL)>1,000 copies/ml should be tested for resistance. There are limited data showing the frequency of resistance testing in routine clinical practice following these recommendations.

Methods

In EuroSIDA, virological failure (VF) was defined as confirmed VL>1,000 copies/ml after ≥4 months continuous use of any antiretroviral in a ≥3-drug regimen started during or after 2002. We assessed whether a resistance test was performed around VF (from 4 months before to 1 year after VF) and used logistic regression analysis to assess factors associated with having a resistance test.

Results

A total of 1,090 patients experienced VF a median 8.1 months (range 4 months to 6.3 years) after starting their regimen. There were 395 (36.2%; 95% CI 33.4–39.1) patients with a resistance test around the time of VF. Predictors of having a resistance test following VF include availability of a resistance test earlier than 4 months before VF (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.77–2.75 for yes versus no; P<0.0001), region (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.62 for Eastern Europe versus Northern Europe and OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48–0.85 for Southern Europe versus Northern Europe; global P=0.0006) and current calendar year (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.30–0.68 for ≥2007 versus 2004; global P=0.003).

Conclusions

This analysis suggests a delay in genotypic testing after VF that seems longer than expected given current treatment guidelines. This delay is highly variable across Europe.
La FNAC : la distribution culturelle entre le marché et le consommateur
Authors: Chabault Vincent
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’examen de la série complète du journal des adhérents de la fnac (Contact) met en évidence l’évolution d’un modèle commercial axé sur l’information du consommateur et sur la démocratisation de l’accès aux biens technologiques et culturels. Remplissant deux fonctions (le guide évaluant l’offre marchande et encadrant la décision du consommateur, la tribune contre la vie chère), ce dispositif participe au développement du fleuron de la distribution culturelle en mettant en forme la relation marchande et en orientant ses lecteurs dans les choix de consommation. Basé sur l’exploitation du bulletin (1954-2006), cet article analyse le rôle joué par Contact dans l’organisation du marché et décrit les transformations des caractéristiques du journal en lien avec les mutations internes de l’entreprise.
La consommation de la célébrité
Authors: Heinich Nathalie
Published: May 2011

Résumé La problématique de la consommation s’est principalement centrée sur la consommation des biens marchands et, secondairement, des biens « culturels » au sens sociologique (œuvres d’art, produits de l’industrie culturelle). Cet article vise à montrer qu’elle s’applique également, et de façon non simplement métaphorique, à ce bien immatériel – l’un des plus largement et intensément investis à l’heure actuelle – qu’est la célébrité, à travers le phénomène dit des « people » . Déjà bien étudié dans les pays anglophones mais encore peu en France, ce phénomène n’a guère été envisagé sous l’angle des conduites marchandes auxquelles il donne lieu. Il apparaît dans la pensée savante essentiellement sous l’angle moral et politique de l’atteinte aux valeurs. Or la célébrité engendre, à travers sa consommation, une économie spécifique, liée aux médias, à la presse, à la publicité, au spectacle, à la sécurité, etc. C’est donc selon ce double thème – la célébrité comme consommation, et la consommation comme consommation de la célébrité – que sont traitées les données empiriques disponibles sur cette question.
Le genre de la consommation en 1900. Autour de la Ligue sociale d'acheteurs
Authors: Chessel Marie-Emmanuelle
Published: May 2011

Résumé À partir de la fin du xix e  siècle, il est courant de considérer la consommation comme un espace d’engagement féminin. Mais est-ce à dire que les associations de consommateurs sont nécessairement « féminines » ? Dans le cadre du renouvellement des travaux sur l’histoire de la consommation et sur le genre des associations, cet article s’intéresse au genre de la Ligue sociale d’acheteurs , association de consommation engagée française du début du xx e  siècle. Il s’interroge d’abord sur le genre des militants et les raisons de leur engagement. Il se penche ensuite sur deux séries de campagnes réformatrices, l’une consacrée aux conditions de travail des couturières, et l’autre à la réduction du temps de travail des hommes. Il montre que le genre ne structure pas de manière simple l’organisation du travail à la Ligue sociale d’acheteurs , en séparant des femmes travaillant sur des objets féminins avec un répertoire de modes d’action féminin et des hommes s’occupant de la réforme du travail d’hommes avec des outils masculins. L’auteur conclut sur la circulation des hommes et des femmes, des arguments et des modes d’action dans la « nébuleuse réformatrice ».
La Belgique et le renseignement aux frontières 1896-1914
Authors: Pirot Pascal
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le Service de surveillance et de renseignements aux frontières ( ssrf ) est un service de renseignements composé de gendarmes, de douaniers et de gardes forestiers devant être mis en place sur l’ensemble du périmètre frontalier belge. Il est créé en 1896 sur le papier seulement car dans les faits, il faudra quasiment attendre la mobilisation de l’armée belge à l’été 1914 pour le voir enfin mis en action. Parmi les causes de ce retard figurent les querelles d’écoles à propos du plan de campagne belge, les incertitudes quant au pays qui violerait le premier la neutralité, le statut du personnel prévu pour le ssrf et son financement. D’autres initiatives peu connues ont été prises en vue d’obtenir des renseignements militaires dans les zones frontières, tout particulièrement le réseau mis en place par des consuls de Belgique en poste dans le Nord de la France entre 1909 et 1914 et leur tentative de s’appuyer sur des groupes d’anciens militaires belges y résidant. Paradoxalement, la collecte de renseignements en Allemagne semble avoir été moins élaborée
L'image de la Belgique dans les cartes postales allemandes de la Première Guerre Mondiale
Authors: Delhalle Sophie
Published: May 2011

Résumé Sans prétendre reconstituer l’éventail complet des diverses représentations de la Belgique dans les cartes postales allemandes de 1914-1918, cet article tente une première analyse d’un ensemble de cartes postales allemandes à tendance satirique où figure la Belgique, tantôt incarnée par un soldat tantôt par son souverain. Les caricatures du début du conflit présentent l’image d’un pays totalement dominé par le soldat allemand, abandonné par ses alliés et désespéré. Nous constatons que les caricatures ont connu un énorme succès au début, avant que des vues plus réalistes ou techniques ne les remplacent. Ce type de cartes postales parfois très violentes manifeste les fantasmes de la première phase de la guerre, des stéréotypes et idées préconçues – bien avant l’éclatement du conflit – sur « l’autre », devenu ennemi. Ce dernier point concerne moins la « petite Belgique », vue, si l’on excepte le mythe de la Franktireurkrieg , plus comme une pitoyable victime d’enjeux qui la dépassent que comme un adversaire.
Contre-propagande sur l'Indochine. La France officielle face à l'anticolonialisme en Belgique francophone (1946-1950)
Authors: Lanneau Catherine
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’article met en évidence la perception, en Belgique francophone, de la première phase de la guerre d’Indochine (1946-1950) et, plus particulièrement, son impact sur l’image de la France. Il montre comment, dans le contexte d’un conflit encore considéré comme colonial, la France a dû faire face à une double contre-propagande, l’une d’extrême gauche, l’autre dans le camp catholique. Il souligne enfin l’absence d’une réponse française appropriée, cohérente et efficace.