bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of dissolved and labile particulate iron supply to shelf waters and phytoplankton blooms off South Georgia, Southern Ocean
Authors: Schlosser Christian , Schmidt Katrin , Aquilina Alfred , Homoky William B. , Castrillejo Maxi , Mills Rachel A. , Patey Matthew D. , Fielding Sophie , Atkinson Angus , Achterberg Eric P.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The island of South Georgia is situated in the iron (Fe)-depleted Antarctic
Circumpolar Current of the Southern Ocean. Iron emanating from its shelf
system fuels large phytoplankton blooms downstream of the island, but the
actual supply mechanisms are unclear. To address this, we present an
inventory of Fe, manganese (Mn), and aluminium (Al) in shelf sediments, pore
waters, and the water column in the vicinity of South Georgia, alongside data
on zooplankton-mediated Fe cycling processes, and provide estimates of the
relative dissolved Fe (DFe) fluxes from these sources. Seafloor sediments,
modified by authigenic Fe precipitation, were the main particulate Fe source
to shelf bottom waters as indicated by the similar Fe ∕ Mn and Fe ∕ Al ratios for
shelf sediments and suspended particles in the water column. Less than 1 %
of the total particulate Fe pool was leachable surface-adsorbed (labile) Fe
and therefore potentially available to organisms. Pore waters formed the
primary DFe source to shelf bottom waters, supplying 0.1–44 µmol DFe m−2 d−1.
However, we estimate that only 0.41±0.26 µmol DFe m−2 d−1 was transferred to the surface mixed layer by vertical
diffusive and advective mixing. Other trace metal sources to surface waters
included glacial flour released by melting glaciers and via zooplankton
egestion and excretion processes. On average 6.5±8.2 µmol m−2 d−1 of labile particulate Fe was supplied to the surface
mixed layer via faecal pellets formed by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), with a further 1.1±2.2 µmol DFe m−2 d−1
released directly by the krill. The faecal pellets released by krill included
seafloor-derived lithogenic and authigenic material and settled algal debris,
in addition to freshly ingested suspended phytoplankton cells. The Fe requirement of the phytoplankton blooms ∼ 1250 km
downstream of South Georgia was estimated as 0.33±0.11 µmol m−2 d−1, with the DFe supply by horizontal/vertical mixing, deep
winter mixing, and aeolian dust estimated as ∼0.12 µmol m−2 d−1. We hypothesize that a substantial contribution of DFe was
provided through recycling of biogenically stored Fe following luxury Fe
uptake by phytoplankton on the Fe-rich shelf. This process would allow Fe to
be retained in the surface mixed layer of waters downstream of South Georgia
through continuous recycling and biological uptake, supplying the large
downstream phytoplankton blooms.
Dissolved Pb and Pb isotopes in the North Atlantic from the GEOVIDE transect (GEOTRACES GA-01) and their decadal evolution
Authors: Zurbrick Cheryl M. , Boyle Edward A. , Kayser Richard J. , Reuer Matthew K. , Wu Jingfeng , Planquette Hélène , Shelley Rachel , Boutorh Julia , Cheize Marie , Contreira Leonardo , Menzel Barraqueta Jan-Lukas , Lacan François , Sarthou Géraldine
Published: August 2018

Abstract. During the 2014 GEOVIDE transect, seawater samples were collected for
dissolved Pb and Pb isotope analysis. These samples provide a high-resolution
“snapshot” of the source regions for the present Pb distribution in the
North Atlantic Ocean. Some of these stations were previously occupied for Pb
from as early as 1981, and we compare the 2014 data with these older data,
some of which are reported here for the first time. Lead concentrations were
highest in subsurface Mediterranean Water (MW) near the coast of Portugal,
which agrees well with other recent observations by the US GEOTRACES program
(Noble et al., 2015). The recently formed Labrador Sea Water (LSW) between
Greenland and Nova Scotia is much lower in Pb concentration than the older
LSW found in the West European Basin due to decreases in Pb
emissions into the atmosphere during the past 20 years. Comparison of North
Atlantic data from 1989 to 2014 shows decreasing Pb concentrations consistent
with decreased anthropogenic inputs, active scavenging, and
advection/convection. Although the isotopic composition of northern North
Atlantic seawater appears more homogenous compared to previous decades, a
clear spatiotemporal trend in isotope ratios is evident over the past
15 years and implies that small changes to atmospheric Pb emissions continue.
Emissions data indicate that the relative proportions of US and European Pb
sources to the ocean have been relatively uniform during the past 2 decades,
while aerosol data may suggest a greater relative proportion of natural
mineral Pb. Using our measurements in conjunction with emissions inventories,
we support the findings of previous atmospheric analyses that a significant
portion of the Pb deposited to the ocean in 2014 was natural, although it is
obscured by the much greater solubility of anthropogenic aerosols over
natural ones.
Cold-water corals and hydrocarbon-rich seepage in the
Pompeia Province (Gulf of Cádiz) – living on the edge
Authors: Rincón-Tomás Blanca , Duda Jan-Peter , Somoza Luis , González Javier , Schneider Dominik , Medialdea Teresa , Madureira Pedro , Hoppert Michael , Reitner Joachim
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Azooxanthellate cold-water corals (CWCs) are globally widespread and have commonly been found in areas of active fluid seepage. The relationship between the CWCs and these fluids, however, is not well understood. This study aims at unravelling the relationship between CWC development and hydrocarbon-rich seepage in the Pompeia Province (Gulf of Cádiz, Atlantic Ocean). This region comprises mud volcanoes, coral ridges and fields of coral mounds, which are all affected by the tectonically driven seepage of hydrocarbon-rich fluids. Rate and type of seepage (i.e. focused, scattered, diffused, eruptive), however, is tightly controlled by a complex system of faults and diapirs. Early diagenetic carbonates from the currently active Al Gacel MV exhibit δ13C-signatures down to −28.77 ‰ VPDB, indicating biologically derived methane as the main carbon source. The same samples contained 13C-depleted lipid biomarkers diagnostic for archaea such as crocetane (δ13C down to −101.2 ‰ VPDB) and PMI (δ13C down to −102.9 ‰ VPDB), evidencing microbially mediated anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). This is further supported by next generation DNA sequencing data, demonstrating the presence of AOM related microorganisms (ANME archaea, sulfate-reducing bacteria) in the carbonate. Embedded corals in some of the carbonates and CWC fragments exhibit less negative δ13C values (−8.08 to −1.39 ‰ VPDB), pointing against the use of methane as carbon source. Likewise, the absence of DNA from methane- and sulfide-oxidizing microbes in a sampled coral does not support a chemosynthetic lifestyle of these organisms. In the light of these findings, it appears that the CWCs benefit rather indirectly from hydrocarbon-rich seepage by using methane-derived authigenic carbonates as substratum for colonization. At the same time, chemosynthetic organisms at active sites prevent coral dissolution and necrosis by feeding on the seeped fluids (i.e. methane, sulfate, hydrogen sulfide), allowing cold-water corals to colonize carbonates currently affected by hydrocarbon-rich seepage.
Simulation of the performance and scalability of message passing interface (MPI) communications of atmospheric models running on exascale supercomputers
Authors: Zheng Yongjun , Marguinaud Philippe
Published: August 2018

Abstract. In this study, we identify the key message passing interface (MPI) operations required in atmospheric modelling; then, we use a skeleton program and a simulation framework (based on SST/macro simulation package) to simulate these MPI operations (transposition, halo exchange, and allreduce), with the perspective of future exascale machines in mind. The experimental results show that the choice of the collective algorithm has a great impact on the performance of communications; in particular, we find that the generalized ring-k algorithm for the alltoallv operation and the generalized recursive-k algorithm for the allreduce operation perform the best. In addition, we observe that the impacts of interconnect topologies and routing algorithms on the performance and scalability of transpositions, halo exchange, and allreduce operations are significant. However, the routing algorithm has a negligible impact on the performance of allreduce operations because of its small message size. It is impossible to infinitely grow bandwidth and reduce latency due to hardware limitations. Thus, congestion may occur and limit the continuous improvement of the performance of communications. The experiments show that the performance of communications can be improved when congestion is mitigated by a proper configuration of the topology and routing algorithm, which uniformly distribute the congestion over the interconnect network to avoid the hotspots and bottlenecks caused by congestion. It is generally believed that the transpositions seriously limit the scalability of the spectral models. The experiments show that the communication time of the transposition is larger than those of the wide halo exchange for the semi-Lagrangian method and the allreduce in the generalized conjugate residual (GCR) iterative solver for the semi-implicit method below 2×105 MPI processes. The transposition whose communication time decreases quickly with increasing number of MPI processes demonstrates strong scalability in the case of very large grids and moderate latencies. The halo exchange whose communication time decreases more slowly than that of transposition with increasing number of MPI processes reveals its weak scalability. In contrast, the allreduce whose communication time increases with increasing number of MPI processes does not scale well. From this point of view, the scalability of spectral models could still be acceptable. Therefore it seems to be premature to conclude that the scalability of the grid-point models is better than that of spectral models at the exascale, unless innovative methods are exploited to mitigate the problem of the scalability presented in the grid-point models.
Comment on “Origin of water in the Badain Jaran Desert, China: new insight from isotopes” by Wu et al. (2017)
Authors: Zhan Lucheng , Chen Jiansheng , Li Ling , Barry David A.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Precipitation isotope data were used to determine the origin of
groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert (BJD) in the study of Wu et
al. (2017). Both precipitation and its isotope composition vary seasonally,
so arithmetic averages of precipitation isotope values poorly represent the
isotope composition of meteoric water. Their finding that the BJD groundwater
is recharged by modern meteoric water from local areas including the
southeastern adjacent mountains was based on arithmetic averaging. However,
this conclusion is not supported by the corrected mean precipitation isotope
values, which are weighted by the precipitation rate. Indeed, the available
isotopic evidence shows that modern precipitation on the Qilian Mountains is
more likely to be the main source of the groundwater and lake water in the
BJD, as found by Chen et al. (2004).
Estimating time-dependent vegetation biases in the SMAP soil moisture product
Authors: Zwieback Simon , Colliander Andreas , Cosh Michael H. , Martínez-Fernández José , McNairn Heather , Starks Patrick J. , Thibeault Marc , Berg Aaron
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Remotely sensed soil moisture products are influenced by vegetation and how
it is accounted for in the retrieval, which is a potential source of
time-variable biases. To estimate such complex, time-variable error
structures from noisy data, we introduce a Bayesian extension to triple
collocation in which the systematic errors and noise terms are not constant
but vary with explanatory variables. We apply the technique to the
Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) soil moisture product over croplands,
hypothesizing that errors in the vegetation correction during the retrieval
leave a characteristic fingerprint in the soil moisture time series. We find
that time-variable offsets and sensitivities are commonly associated with an
imperfect vegetation correction. Especially the changes in sensitivity can be
large, with seasonal variations of up to 40 %. Variations of this size
impede the seasonal comparison of soil moisture dynamics and the detection of
extreme events. Also, estimates of vegetation–hydrology coupling can be
distorted, as the SMAP soil moisture has larger R2 values with a biomass
proxy than the in situ data, whereas noise alone would induce the
opposite effect. This observation highlights that time-variable biases can
easily give rise to distorted results and misleading interpretations. They
should hence be accounted for in observational and modelling studies.
Bimodal or quadrimodal? Statistical tests for the shape of fault patterns
Authors: Healy David , Jupp Peter
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Natural fault patterns formed in response to a single tectonic event often display significant variation in their orientation distribution. The cause of this variation is the subject of some debate: it could be noise on underlying conjugate (or bimodal) fault patterns or it could be intrinsic signal from an underlying polymodal (e.g. quadrimodal) pattern. In this contribution, we present new statistical tests to assess the probability of a fault pattern having two (bimodal, or conjugate) or four (quadrimodal) underlying modes and orthorhombic symmetry. We use the eigenvalues of the second- and fourth-rank orientation tensors, derived from the direction cosines of the poles to the fault planes, as the basis for our tests. Using a combination of the existing fabric eigenvalue (or modified Flinn) plot and our new tests, we can discriminate reliably between bimodal (conjugate) and quadrimodal fault patterns. We validate our tests using synthetic fault orientation datasets constructed from multimodal Watson distributions and then assess six natural fault datasets from outcrops and earthquake focal plane solutions. We show that five out of six of these natural datasets are probably quadrimodal and orthorhombic. The tests have been implemented in the R language and a link is given to the authors' source code.
Crystallographic preferred orientations of ice deformed in direct-shear experiments at low temperatures
Authors: Qi Chao , Prior David J. , Craw Lisa , Fan Sheng , Llorens Maria-Gema , Griera Albert , Negrini Marianne , Bons Paul D. , Goldsby David L.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We sheared synthetic polycrystalline ice at temperatures of −5, −20 and −30 °C, to different shear strains, up to γ = 2.6 (equivalent strain of 1.5). Cryo-electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) shows that basal intra-crystalline slip planes become preferentially oriented parallel to the shear plane, in all experiments. This is visualized as a primary cluster of crystal c-axes (the c-axis is perpendicular to the basal plane) perpendicular to the shear plane. In all except the two highest-strain experiments at −30 °C, a secondary cluster of c-axes is observed, at an angle to the primary cluster. With increasing strain, the primary c-axis cluster strengthens. With increasing temperature, both clusters strengthen. In the −5 °C experiments, the angle between the two clusters reduces with increasing strain. The c-axis clusters are elongated perpendicular to the shear direction. This elongation increases with increasing shear strain and with decreasing temperature. Highly curved grain boundaries are more prevalent in samples sheared at higher temperatures. At each temperature, the proportion of and irregularity of curved boundaries decreases with increasing shear strain. Subgrains are observed in all samples. Recrystallized grains and subgrains are similar in size and are both smaller than the original grains. Microstructural interpretations and comparisons of the data from experimentally sheared samples with numerical models suggest that the observed crystallographic orientation patterns result from a balance of the rates of lattice rotation (during dislocation creep) and growth of grains by strain-induced grain boundary migration (GBM). GBM is faster at higher temperatures and becomes less important as shear strain increases. These observations and interpretations provide a hypothesis to be tested in further experiments and using numerical models, with the ultimate goal of aiding the interpretation of crystallographic preferred orientations in naturally deformed ice.
Dynamic inflow effects in measurements and high-fidelity computations
Authors: Pirrung Georg Raimund , Madsen Helge Aagaard
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A wind turbine experiences an overshoot in loading after, for
example, a collective step change in pitch angle. This overshoot occurs
because the wind turbine wake does not immediately reach its new equilibrium,
an effect usually referred to as dynamic inflow. Vortex cylinder models and
actuator disc simulations predict that the time constants of this dynamic
inflow effect should decrease significantly towards the blade tip. As part of
the NASA Ames Phase VI experiment, pitch steps have been performed on a
turbine in controlled conditions in the wind tunnel. The measured aerodynamic
forces from these experiments seemed to show much less radial dependency of
the dynamic inflow time constants than expected when pitching towards low
loading. Moreover the dynamic inflow effect seemed fundamentally different
when pitching from low to high loading, and the reason for this behavior
remained unclear in previous analyses of the experiment. High-fidelity
computational fluid dynamics and free-wake vortex code computations yielded
the same behavior as the experiments. In the present work these observations
from the experiments and high-fidelity computations are explained based on a
simple vortex cylinder wake model.
Editorial
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen , McMillan Mark , Singh David
Published: August 2018

The articles in this edition again attest to the broad range of scholarly concerns that signify the growing disciplinary maturity of critical Indigenous studies. The first article, by Mary Goslett and Vanessa Beavan, draws on empirical research concerning improving the social and emotional well being (SEWB) of Aboriginal women through listening to their experiences of identity and culture. Deploying interpretive phenomenology in their analysis of the women's accounts, they discerned interdependent themes that captured their experiences. They conclude by reiterating the need for decolonising approaches to SEWB, informed by the very people whose experiences are being canvassed in our efforts at amelioration. The second article, by Valmaine Toki, notes the optimism that greeted the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. However, Toki further illuminates the routine violations and breaches that followed, particularly those by extractive industries and business activity generally. The article examines the fraught relationship between Indigenous rights, the state and business imperatives.
Enduring Dreams
Authors: Hoffman Steven M , Martin Thibault
Published: August 2018

The Canadian province of Manitoba has long pursued an aggressive strategy of hydroelectric development. This effort was predicated upon a mix of old and new assumptions, including long-held beliefs that power must be cheap and that the province, operating through its crown utility, Manitoba Hydro, possessed the only legitimate claim to northern land and water resources. The province also recognised the need to remove Aboriginal communities from lands and resources to be used for hydro development notwithstanding the fact that these communities and individuals had long practiced what was, by many accounts, a comfortable and economically viable way of life. Using a social capital framework developed by both sociologists and political scientists, the consequences of this strategy on the displaced Aboriginal residents of South Indian Lake, a small community located in Manitoba’s northern hydro region, are examined. The
analysis is based on interviews conducted with former residents now living in a number of urban centers throughout the province. It is concluded that these individuals have been largely, if not entirely, unsuccessful in forming the variety of communal bonds emphasised
by social capital theorists. These difficulties continue today, as individuals who were left on their own, with little assistance either from back home or from the state, exist in a world largely devoid of supportive social networks
Editorial
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen , Walter Maggie , Singh David
Published: August 2018

This edition of the International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies marks the tenth since the journal’s launch in 2008. During that time, over forty articles and eleven book reviews have been published, which is testament to the continuing upward trajectory of Critical Indigenous Studies. Although there continues to be an increasing range of areas of Indigenous research to which a critical focus is brought to bear, a consistent issue for many of the journal’s contributors has been the delineation and application of Indigenous methods and methodologies in social research. The present edition is no exception, with two articles focussing on Indigenous-centred research. The first, by Krystal Summers, reflexively explores the author’s experiences as an undergraduate student undertaking Indigenous-centred research in Peru. As an Indigenous First Nations woman, Summers was mindful that her research practice was faithful to the ethics and protocols outlined in her original project proposal. Her subsequent ‘journey of critical reflexive understanding and storytelling’ supports the proposition of current literature in Indigenous research methodologies that a properly critical Indigenous ethnography will naturally enjoin with Indigenous epistemologies and methodologies
Living Texts
Authors: Kwaymullina Ambelin , Kwaymullina Blaze , Butterly Lauren
Published: August 2018

This article explores and extends one aspect of the research theories and methods defined by Lester-Irabinna Rigney (1999) as ‘Indigenist research’, namely, published sources. We view published sources broadly as incorporating poetry, life histories, community histories, creation stories, scholarly articles and books. This article seeks to operationalise Indigenist research in the context of the sources that are central to academic work and critically engage with how the ontologies that inform knowledges are valued in the academy. We aim to explore the relationships Aboriginal people create with the parts of their knowledges that have become translated into text. Whilst acknowledging that oral traditions and processes are fundamentally important, this article seeks to situate sources published by Aboriginal people as a key part of the ‘contestation of knowledge’ that lies at the heart of Indigenist research (Rigney 1999: 116). Our aim is to start the conversation about the issues that are raised in framing how primary and secondary sources might be constituted within Indigenist research. We are two Aboriginal scholars of the Palyku people, and one non-Indigenous scholar. Writing in this academic space requires openness, sharing and profound trust between collaborators, which we have had the privilege of developing together over many years.
Engaging tensions
Authors: Green Charmaine , Prout Sarah , Nichols Fiona , Merritt Kevin , Gray Gordon , Kniveton Jennifer , McDonald Wayne , Taylor Ashley
Published: August 2018

Increasingly, applied researchers and Indigenous communities are genuinely seeking common ground to undertake research projects that are particularly attentive to issues of ownership and outcomes. Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) has been embraced globally as a best practice methodological framework for engaging in research in Indigenous communities, especially at the cultural interface where different knowledge systems meet. This article reviews the authors’ experiences of engaging with the challenging and enriching aspects of tensions encountered when using the CBPR approach during an Indigenous housing research project in regional Western Australia. Consistent with many CBPR processes, a number of tensions emerged in this cross- and intra-cultural research process. They related to multiple (and sometimes competing) expectations regarding what constitutes genuine partnership; the procurement and flows of research funding; data collection; and research translation mediums and activities. We conclude that engaging with the challenges of this methodological framework at the cultural interface opens up critical and dynamic spaces for shifting power relationships and asserting new models of ownership and outcomes in research with, and for, Australian Indigenous communities.
Self-determining Multiculturalism
Authors: Schultz Laine
Published: August 2018

The burgeoning human rights discourse of the twentieth century inspired new attention to the location of minority groups within the nation-state and their experiences of violence, discrimination and inequality. The result has been attempts by the nation to address the diversity of its population through the recognition of cultural difference. Attending to two particular rights claims—those of Indigenous self-determination and multiculturalism—we can find a tendency toward subsuming the former within those of the latter. This is a move that results from a top-down approach to the recognition of difference, reproducing colonialist priorities and jurisprudence, and significantly undermining the goals and meanings of Indigenous self-determination. By contrast, when self-determination is approached from the bottom-up, we can gain new perspectives on the meanings of this Indigenous right, expanded to encompass a range of relationships, all crucially built in response to Indigenous identities as First Peoples.
Postcolonial Eye
Authors: Topper Ryan
Published: August 2018

The first chapter of Alison Ravenscroft’s The Postcolonial Eye: White Australian Desire and the Visual Field of Race begins with a description of a photograph, property of the South Australian Museum, series AA346. This photograph is one of thousands taken during the Board for Anthropological Research’s Harvard and Adelaide Universities’ 1938 expedition. In it, two Murri girls stare at us, one with a shaved head, the other wearing a card marked ‘N1474’. What we see in this photograph, the violence of colonial history, is striking, but equally (perhaps more) striking, Ravenscroft suggests, is what we fail to see. “Who were these girls and what happened to them after the camera closed its eye and the photographer turned away?” she asks (7). Although we can see signs of colonial subject formation—exemplified by the name ‘N1474’—no matter how closely we look, we cannot see the girls’ fate, nor the fate of the researcher behind the camera, the one “who looked upon an image from which he excluded himself but in which he was implicated nevertheless” (7). Furthermore, “How [are we] to bring such a scene into writing?” Ravenscroft asks, implicating herself (as well as us, as readers of cultural studies and co-viewers of this photograph) in the categorical violence perpetrated by the invisible photographer (7).
‘Which way? Talking culture, talking race’
Authors: Fredericks Bronwyn , Bargallie Debbie
Published: August 2018

In Australia, organisations identify Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cross-cultural awareness training or Indigenous cultural competency training as a means to address the service needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and to address the gap in disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. This training is also one of the strategies utilised in working towards reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. This paper presents the findings from an institutional study based on the development and implementation of an Indigenous Cultural Competency Course within an Australian university and the tensions that exist within the teaching and delivery of such a course.
National Indigenous Research Knowledges Network (NIRAKN)—Some Reflections and Learnings
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen
Published: August 2018

This paper outlines the historical and policy context of the Australian Research Council funded National Indigenous Research and Knowledges Network (NIRAKN). Key learnings from four years of NIRAKN’s existence are set out, followed by a review of the higher education sector’s Indigenous research capacity building initiatives more generally.
Dangerous Safety or Safely Dangerous. Perception of safety and self-awareness in public space
Authors: Svensdotter Anna , Guaralda Mirko
Published: August 2018

Exposure to perceived danger awakens our environmental awareness and sense of individual responsibility. In our rapidly evolving contemporary urban environments, the design of public space is often constrained and focussed on risk mitigation. Designers often rely on the inclusion of mechanisms to control behaviours (eg walls and fences) or rely on displays of authoritarian surveillance (eg CCTV and extensive warning signage). Measures also known as target–hardening (Saraiva & Pinho, 2011). This can create a reliance on the authoritarian control of urban space, which could result in the disuse of self-regulating mechanisms such as individual responsibility and environmental awareness.This study investigates perception of danger in public space through a scenario-based investigation focussed on Brisbane, Australia. This study enquires how we sense danger, what provokes our sense of danger and how this affects our environmental awareness. Current exemplary design responses that aim to improve safety in public space are also discussed. The study highlights a need for further research about how authoritatively secured space affects city users, sense of place and community.
Lebanon Cities’ Public Spaces
Authors: Nazzal Maryam , Chinder Samer
Published: August 2018

In Lebanon, the social connections are undeniable and crucial. However, meeting places remain private such as houses, restaurants, malls, and beach resorts. This is mainly due to the shortage of public spaces in Lebanon resulting from lack of planning, regulations and awareness around the right to the city and the importance of public spaces. In main cities where land prices are so expensive, common practice has prioritized the use of land in real estate development, thus trumping other uses such as public and communal spaces.In the late 1990s, Lebanon saw the emergence of malls, which have arguably acted as alternatives to public spaces. Malls, with their wealth of food courts, restaurants, cinemas, and play areas, have become the new downtown for a portion of the Lebanese population. They are also considered safe, which is another important factor.In 2015, the percentage of green spaces in Lebanon has decreased to less than 13%. While the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum of 9m2 of green space per capita (UN-HABITAT, 2016), Beirut has only 0.8m2.
Who's asking for what? Fundraising and leadership in Australian nonprofits
Authors: Scaife Wendy , Williamson Alexandra , McDonald Katie
Published: August 2018

The nonprofit funding landscape is in flux. Many organisations are having to think differently and develop fresh skills either to enter the fundraising market or to cope better with rising competition for community and corporate support. This new reality affects boards, CEOs and fundraisers alike. Against this backdrop, our exploratory study aimed to build an evidence base and spark more discussion about: - the role Australian nonprofit CEOs and boards play in supporting fundraising/development; - current engagement levels; and - perceptions of leadership in fundraising from two possibly contrasting perspectives: NP leaders (board members and CEOs); and fundraisers. This research has been supported by the Perpetual Foundation, the EF and SL Gluyas Trust and the Edward Corbould Charitable Trust under the management of Perpetual Trustee Company Ltd.
La Aldehuela de Torrelaguna. La construcción de una granja y casa de retiro del Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso y Universidad de Alcalá
Authors: González Ramos Roberto
Published: August 2018

En 1511 el Cardenal Cisneros anexionaba a su Universidad de Alcalá el priorato de San Tuy. A este priorato pertenecía una granja llamada Aldehuela de Torrelaguna que, una vez unida a la Universidad, pasó a ser una de las piezas fundamentales del entramado económico de la institución académica. Pero el Cardenal no sólo la tuvo en consideración en ese terreno, pues planificó una casa de retiro de doctores en teología de su Universidad, un colegio, en sus edificios principales. Para cumplir esta función, Cisneros mandó construir un edificio de piedra, con torre-capilla y patio columnado, que ejecutarían algunos de los artífices de los edificios de la propia Universidad. Este estudio analiza la construcción de dicho edificio, en parte conservado en la actualidad.
Historia constructiva y rehabilitación de la Fábrica de Tabacos de Nantes
Authors: Zapico López María
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo recoge un exhaustivo análisis sobre la historia constructiva de la Fábrica de Tabacos de Nantes (Francia). Se trata de una de las edificaciones más significativas de esta villa que ejemplifica, a través de sus muros, la historia de los espacios destinados a producción, almacenaje y venta de tabaco, en un contexto de monopolio estatal de este producto. Además, su rehabilitación, a principios de la década de 1980, constituye un ejemplo por la sensibilidad con la que fue tratada por los arquitectos, artistas y corporación municipal que dieron forma al proyecto. En sus propuestas tuvieron muy presente, no sólo preservar un vestigio arquitectónico de la industrialización, sino también la memoria de las obreras y obreros que le daban vida.
La noción de posibilidades en Naturaleza, Historia, Dios
Authors: Fúnez Rúben
Published: August 2018

En este artículo el autor pretende una cosa: exponer la noción de posibilidades en el primer libro publicado por Zubiri, Naturaleza, Historia, Dios. Para ello se recurre a cuatro de los estudios importantes de dicho libro.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 16, Febrero de 2010, pp.57-85
Espacio para el análisis nacional e internacional, Balance socio-político de 2009 Perspectivas para 2010
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: August 2018

Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 16, Febrero de 2010, pp.87-92
La federación de las provincias centroamericanas: Decreto o realidad. Elementos históricos de una muerte anunciada.
Authors: Guerra Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2018

La tesis que se defiende en este trabajo es que gran parte de la región mesoamericana que ahora llamamos Centro América, nunca ha estado social ni políticamente integrada y que por tanto, muy difícilmente podrá integrarse en el futuro. De esto se desprende que lo que hay que ir buscando en el ámbito político, es una convivencia pacífica que potencie intereses comunes, en el desarrollo político, económico, social y cultural.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 17, Julio de 2010, pp.41-61
Control democrático del mercado
Authors: Tamayo Hilton
Published: August 2018

En el artículo se traza una crítica a los postulados de Ludwig Von Mises, partiendo de la necesidad de la intervención de un tercer agente económico con poder controlador y regulador de la actividad económica. Se plantean los criterios de la teoría liberal de mercado y se contrapone con la realidad y los efectos del desequilibrio económico causado por la empresa. Por lo que se hace un recorrido de los principios keynesianos del equilibrio económico que marca la necesidad de una solución por medio de la intervención del gobierno rescatando al sistema económico.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 17, Julio de 2010, pp.63-75
Apuntes sobre la categoría género desde una lectura antropológica
Authors: Lara López Edgar
Published: August 2018

Constantemente se escucha hablar de género, de su importancia en la incorporación en las ciencias, en la política y en el análisis de la realidad socioeconómica, así como también de desigualdades, estereotipos y roles de género, etc. Pero ¿qué entendemos por género?, ¿género es lo mismo que sexo y feminismo?, ¿cómo la antropología ha contribuido a la configuración de la categoría género?, ¿lo masculino y lo femenino es lo mismo en todas las sociedad?; este artículo tiene como objetivo exponer de manera sucinta las respuestas a las preguntas antes planteadas.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 17, Julio de 2010, pp.77-91
Bayesian Network Analysis for the Questionnaire Investigation on the Impression at Fuji City
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Okubo Akane , Aburai Tsuyosi , Takeyasu Kazuhiro
Published: August 2018

Shopping streets at local city in Japan became old and are generally declining. In this paper, we handle the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. We focus on Fuji city in Japan. Four big festivals are held at Fuji city. Many people visit these festivals including residents in that area. Therefore a questionnaire investigation to the residents and visitors is conducted during these periods in order to clarify residents and visitors’ needs for the shopping street, and utilize them to the plan building of the area rebirth and/or regional revitalization of shopping street. In this paper, we mainly focus the impression the visitors feel and analyze them. These are analyzed by using Bayesian Network. The analysis utilizing Bayesian Network enabled us to visualize the causal relationship among items. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis brought us estimating and predicting the prospective visitors. These are utilized for constructing a much more effective and useful plan building. We have obtained fruitful results. To confirm the findings by utilizing the new consecutive visiting records would be the future works to be investigated.
Prevalence of Educational Malpractice among University Students as Perceived by Lecturers of Delta State University, Abraka
Authors: Onoyase Anna
Published: August 2018

The study examined the prevalence of educational malpractice among University students as perceived by lecturers of Delta State University, Abraka. Three research questions were raised to guide the study. The study is a descriptive survey research. The purposive random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 92 lecturers for the study. The instrument for this study is the questionnaire. The instrument has face and content validity through expert judgement and instrumentation. The Cronbach alpha procedure was used to assess the internal consistency of the items. The value obtained was .73. The results revealed that there is a high prevalence of educational malpractice among undergraduates of Delta State University, Abraka. The findings also revealed that there is no significant difference between lecturers in their perception of the prevalence of educational malpractice among students. Lastly, the result showed that the status of lecturers has no impact on their perception of the prevalence of educational malpractice among students. Implications for counselling practice and education were discussed.
Strategies of High School Students to Cope With Stress through Leisure Time
Authors: Altin Mehmet
Published: August 2018

It was aimed in this study to reveal and compare strategies of students of three types of high schools to cope with stress through leisure time. The research population consisted of high school students in Konya province, Turkey. The sample consisted of 280 male and 224 female vocational high school, Anatolian  high school and sports high school students. In the study, the Demographic Personal Information Form was used to collect personal information. The “Strategies to Cope with Stress through Leisure Time Scale” (SCSLTS) was used to identify the leisure time strategies. This scale was developed by Iwasaki and Mannell (2000). It was translated into Turkish, and its validity and reliability studies were conducted by Çevik, Özcan and Munusturlar (2018). No difference was found in the strategies of the students to cope with stress through leisure time according to the grade level, income, and maternal and paternal educational level factors. Statistical variations were observed based on the gender and sporting factors (p<.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mood enhancement dimension depending on the school type factor. However, it was found that the mean scores of the vocational high school students in terms of the dimensions of leisure time friendship and temporary coping ability were higher than those of the students of the other schools, and these differences were also statistically significant (p<.05). The vocational high school students had higher mean scores in the leisure time strategies sub-dimension than the students of other schools. Accordingly, it can be said that the leisure time strategy scores may differ according to the school type and that the students receiving vocational education were more optimistic in determining leisure time strategies than the students of Anatolian high school and sports high school.
Effects of nitrogen dosage and urea source on morphological composition and forage accumulation in massai grass
Authors: Silva Aline Barros da , Carvalho Carlos Augusto Brandão , Pires Camila De Almeida , Almeida João Carlos De Carvalho , Nepomuceno Delci De Deus
Published: August 2018

The effects of nitrogen (N) dose and urea source on forage mass (FM), percentage of dry matter of leaf blades (LBDMP), stem (SDMP), and dead material (DMDMP), and the forage accumulation rate (FAR) of Panicum maximum ‘Massai’ (massai grass) were evaluated. We set up an experiment with a completely randomized block design in a factorial arrangement (3×2) + 1, consisting of three doses (100, 200, and 400 kg ha–1 year–1), two urea sources (common and coated with Policote®), and a control treatment, in five consecutive climatic seasons, including the summers of 2011/2012 (summer I), autumn, winter, and spring of 2012, and the summers of 2012/2013 (summer II). We found an interaction effect between N dose, urea source, and season (p < 0.05). LBDMP linearly increased during dry periods (autumn and winter) and SDMP in autumn and DMDMP in winter linearly decreased when coated urea were used. FAR showed a linear increase with the use of both urea sources, except for common urea in autumn, and the increases in the winter were owing to a greater contribution of leaf blades to FM. The use of coated urea for N fertilization linearly increases FAR in all seasons of the year and improves the morphological composition of the forage of massai grass, mainly in dry seasons.
Selection of entomopathogenic nematodes and evaluation of their compatibility with cyantraniliprole for the control of Hypothenemus hampei
Authors: Guide Bruna Aparecida , Alves Viviane Sandra , Paes Fernandes Thiago Augusto , Marcomini Matheus Corseti , Meneguim Ana Maria , Neves Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro
Published: August 2018

Attack by the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei causes significant damage to coffee crops because it affects the quality of the coffee fruit during different developmental stages, which results in production losses. Control of the borer is difficult owing to its cryptic behavior and the fact that it spends its entire life cycle inside the coffee berries. This makes it difficult for natural enemies to reach it, as well as for it to come into contact with chemical insecticides. The objective of the present study was to select and evaluate the virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) on the coffee berry borer H. hampei and their compatibility with the insecticide cyantraniliprole under laboratory conditions. Initially, the pathogenicity and virulence of 16 isolates of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis towards coffee berry borer larvae and adults were evaluated. The most virulent isolates to both larvae and adults were determined by topical inoculation tests in coffee fruits (berries) infested by the insect, using a concentration of 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/fruit. The same isolates were also evaluated for viability and infectivity when combined with cyantraniliprole. The isolates S. feltiae (IBCB-n 47) and Heterorhabditis amazonensis (GL) displayed the highest virulence towards adults (54%). For larvae, we observed a high virulence of S. feltiae, Heterorhabditis amazonensis, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis sp. (JPM4), Heterorhabditis sp. (NEPET 11), Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 46), and Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 44) that promoted 100% mortality. Regarding the topical inoculation test on infested fruits, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 46) were unable to penetrate the fruit through the hole made by the borer, infect, and cause the death of insects. Cyantraniliprole formulation affected the viability of IJs of S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis sp. (IBCB-n 46), mainly after 48 h of exposure.
Physical-chemical, nutritional and antioxidant properties of tucumã (Astrocaryum huaimi Mart.) fruits
Authors: Santos Mirelly Marques Romeiro , Fernandes Dayane Stéphanie , Cândido Camila Jordão , Cavalheiro Leandro Fontoura , Silva Anderson Fernandes da , Nascimento Valter Aragão do , Ramos Filho Manoel Mendes , Santos Elisvânia Freitas dos , Hiane Priscila Aiko
Published: August 2018

The Brazilian Cerrado contains a large number of fruit species whose nutritional and physical-chemical properties have not been fully characterized to date. The fruit of tucumã (Astrocaryum huaimi Mart) is ellipsoid with fibrous and gelatinous pulp, unique odor, and has significant economic importance in the region. The objective of this study is to analyze the physical-chemical, nutritional, and antioxidant properties of the fruit of tucumã grown in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Water content, ashes, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, total dietary fiber, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, vitamin C, minerals, and fatty acids were analyzed. Total phenols, tannins, and antioxidant activity were analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, Folin-Denis method, and photocolorimetric method of the stable free radical DPPH, respectively, in aqueous, acetone, and ethanol extracts. The most relevant components in the fruit were lipids, fibers, vitamin C, unsaturated fatty acids, iron, potassium, manganese, and bioactive compounds. The analysis of the bioactive compounds revealed that the fruit has high antioxidant activity. The acetone extract presented the highest antioxidant capacity followed by the ethanol and aqueous extracts. The results indicated that the tucumã fruit has high nutritional value as a source of lipids, fibers, calories, vitamin C, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids, and high antioxidant activity. Therefore, consuming the tucumã fruit pulp may help prevent nutritional deficiencies and chronic non-communicable diseases.