bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of grain farming as one of the conditions for the scale of agricultural production in the regions of the country
Authors: Kucherenko Oksana , Spektor Lyudmila
Published: October 2024

Agricultural production in Russia exhibits disparities across various levels of development, largely influenced by diverse natural and economic potentials across regions. Certain areas stand out as agro- developed regions, where the volume of agricultural production significantly deviates from the national average. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the performance of grain farming and the overall scale of agricultural production. It is hypothesized that grain farming, with its high multiplicative capacity, plays a pivotal role in fostering the growth of interconnected agricultural sectors. Thus, the more efficient grain farming is, the greater the overall impact on regional agriculture. Statistical techniques such as grouping, correlation, and regression analysis were employed for analysis. The grouping exercise resulted in the formation of five distinct groups comprising agro-developed regions. These groups were compared based on absolute and average indicators of agricultural production and grain farming performance. The analysis underscores the significance of grain farming as a foundational element of agriculture in these regions, revealing a strong correlation between gross grain harvests and the overall scale of agricultural production. Consequently, the study concludes that there is a pressing need for further development of grain farming, tailored to regional characteristics, and emphasizing the effective implementation of intensification strategies. Currently, the export of grain serves as a crucial stimulus for boosting grain yields. However, it is imperative to maintain the competitiveness of the product amidst global markets. Thus, the study advocates for a balanced approach that considers both regional nuances and market competitiveness to sustainably drive the growth of grain farming and agricultural production in Russia.
Human-related drivers of energy-sector companies efficiency
Authors: Pletnev Dmitri , Kazadaev Maxim , Serbinov Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

Today, the Russian energy complex faces several important challenges: finding a balance between the reliability and efficiency of using existing energy equipment, and implementing a digital energy project. In the context of solving these problems, in turn, issues of corporate efficiency are considered both in the global and domestic markets. The topic of interaction between humans and artificial intelligence, personnel policy in the field of human capital management, as an asset of a new quality in the context of the digital economy, is becoming relevant. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence human capital development on the efficiency of Russian electric power industry. The study found that the efficiency of companies is affected by such factors as the share of managers in the personnel structure, the share of employees with higher education, the average salary level and the share of employees under 35 (young professionals).
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of intellectual systems of individual mobility devices in the urban transport system
Authors: Novikov A. I. , Shevtsova A. G. , Jung A. A.
Published: October 2024

In today's society, the issues of population mobility and saving time are relevant in all countries and on all continents and require a quick solution. According to statistics с, every year there is an increase in the number of cars, motorcycles, mopeds and other vehicles, this pattern puts a significant burden on the transport infrastructure as a whole, thereby contributing to the formation of road congestion and accidents. In order to reduce the time lost in traffic jams on the road, and to some extent reduce the number of accidents, motorists began to master new means of transportation, such as segways, monowheels, gyroscuters and electric scooters – the so-called means of individual mobility. In this regard, special systems for leasing various means of mobility began to appear.
Performing FEM Analysis to Evaluate the Static and Thermal Characteristics of a Piston
Authors: G Chandra Mohana Reddy , Khan Safeeruddin , Shaik Abdul Saddique , CH Murali Krishna
Published: October 2024

This study presents a comprehensive Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis conducted using Fusion 360 software to evaluate the static and thermal characteristics of pistons fabricated from alumina and Aluminum 6061. The research aims to compare and contrast the performance of these two materials under typical engine operating conditions. The static analysis investigates stress distribution, deformation, and overall structural integrity of the pistons when subjected to mechanical forces and pressures experienced during engine operation. Simultaneously, the thermal analysis assesses temperature distribution and thermal stresses, providing insights into the pistons’ ability to withstand high temperatures. Detailed simulations were performed with realistic boundary conditions and material properties, allowing for a direct comparison of the performance of alumina, known for its high hardness and thermal stability, against Aluminum 6061, recognized for its lightweight and good thermal conductivity. The findings reveal distinct differences in stress handling, thermal management, and potential failure points between the two materials. This study offers critical insights into material selection and design optimization for enhancing piston performance and durability in modern engines.
Le vaccin contre la dengue
Authors: Desprès Philippe , Salmon Dominique , Bellec Laurent , Cabié André , Gougeon Marie-Lise
Published: October 2024

Près de la moitié de la population mondiale est exposée au risque de transmission des quatre sérotypes du virus de la dengue par les moustiques hématophages du genre Aedes. Pour être efficace, un vaccin contre la dengue doit induire une immunité protectrice prolongée contre l’ensemble des souches virales circulantes, et cela, indépendamment de l’âge et de l’historique d’infection du sujet vacciné. Une stratégie vaccinale performante contre la dengue repose sur l’injection de virus vivants atténués selon une formulation tétravalente. Dans cette revue, nous présentons les principaux candidats vaccins contre la dengue les plus aboutis, leur réussite mais aussi les interrogations suscitées au regard des corrélats de protection qui ont été adoptés nécessaires à l’évaluation de leur efficacité protectrice contre la maladie.
Does the interface between individual 3D acetabular implants and host bone influence the functional outcomes in patients with severe bone loss after revision surgery?
Authors: Murylev Valery Yu. , Kukovenko Grigory A. , Efimenko Olga , Muzychenkov Aleksei V. , Elizarov Pavel M. , Rudnev Alexander I. , Alekseev Semyon S. , Golubkin Dmitrii O.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: There is a wide range of commercially produced revision implants for adequate reconstruction of acetabular large bone defects today, however, it is not always possible to achieve long-term survival of these implants. There is an increasing number of scientific publications concerning the use of custom-designed 3D components, which make it possible not only to achieve stable fixation and connect the pelvic bones but also to restore hip joint biomechanics. Objectives: To evaluate the positioning of 3D acetabular implants after revision hip arthroplasty and its impact on clinical and functional outcomes. Methods: we analyzed results in 48 patients with bone defect types IIIA and IIIB Paprosky types, after revision hip arthroplasty. A prospective study was conducted from 2017 to 2023. Revision arthroplasty due to aseptic loosening of the components was performed in 30 cases and as a second stage of periprosthetic infection treatment in 18 cases. Results: We did not achieve a statistically significant difference when using additional flanges and clinical and functional results. In 2 cases we faced aseptic loosening in patients using flanges. In no case were we able to install an implant with 100% adherence to porous structure compared to preoperatively planned adherence. According to the WOMAC and VAS scales, increasing the contact area of the components showed a slight statistical difference in the improvement of clinical and functional results and the reduction of pain. Conclusions: When acetabular 3D components adhered to the bone by more than 68%, we did not register a single complication in the postoperative period, and acetabular 3D components adhered to the bone by less than 68%, a total of 8 (16.6%) complications were registered.
Pull-through endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure therapy for complicated leaks of the gastrointestinal tract: Novel technique
Authors: Engelke Carsten , Hatem Yaser , Maaß Carlos , Kraus Martin , Thomaschewski Michael , Jacob Fabian , Kloeckner Roman , Sieren Malte Maria , Keck Tobias , Marquardt Jens U , Hoeppner Jens , Kirstein Martha Maria
Published: October 2024

Endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure (EVAC) of postsurgical leaks is an increasingly applied technique. Precise intracavitary sponge placement is technically challenging. Here, we describe a novel EVAC therapy using a combined external and endoluminal, pull-through technique.

In this retrospective cohort study, we included all patients treated with pull-through EVAC for post-surgery leaks. During endoscopy, the proximal tip of the percutaneous drainage was visualized within the extraluminal abscess cavity, grasped with forceps, and pulled out orally while maintaining the distal end of the drainage above skin level. A foam sponge was fixed to the tip of the percutaneous drainage and sutured to a gastric tube at the other end. The sponge was placed in the cavity by pulling at the percutaneous drainage. Finally, the gastric probe was channeled nasally and suction was applied. Reinterventions comprised pulling the gastric tube, exchanging the sponge, and re-positioning, as described above. Therapy was stopped after closure or complete epithelialization of the leakage.

Overall, seven patients were included between 2021 and
2023. Median duration of pull-through EVAC therapy was 30 days (interquartile range [IQR]
11–37 days) and the median number of endoscopic interventions was six (IQR 4–10). Technical
and clinical success was achieved in all (100%) and in six of seven patients (85.7%),
respectively. In total, one major bleeding complication associated with EVAC therapy occurred
(14.3%).

Pull-through EVAC therapy is safe and effective in patients with large and challenging postsurgical leaks of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Efficacy of Expansion Pharyngoplasty without Drug-induced Sleep Endoscopy Screening in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Tenor Rafael , Palomeque-Vera Juan Miguel , Bandera-López Angel , Cuellar Pilar , Oliva-Domínguez Manuel
Published: October 2024

Introduction Expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty has been shown to be a good alternative to continuous pressure devices in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. On the other hand, drug-induced sleep endoscopy provides information on the pattern of collapse in obstructive sleep apnea, although it is unclear whether this information improves the surgical outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the success rate obtained when performing expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty on a group of patients diagnosed with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who were not previously selected by drug-induced sleep endoscopy.

Methods We present a series of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who underwent surgery. Pre- and postoperative home sleep apnea tests were performed. The success rate was calculated, and we assessed whether there were statistically significant pre- and postoperative differences in the apnea-hypopnea index and oximetry values.

Results In total, 20 patients were included, and the surgical success rate was of 80%. Statistically significant improvements were demonstrated in the mean apnea-hypopnea index (from 40.25 ± 15.18 events/hour to 13.14 ± 13.82 events/hour; p < 0. 0001), the mean oximetric data (from 26.3 ± 12.97 desaturations/hour to 13.57 ± 15.02 desaturations/hour; p = 0.034), and in the mean percentage of total sleep time in which the patient had less than 90% of saturation (from 8.64 ± 9.25% to 4.4 ± 7.76%; p = 0.028).

Conclusion The results showed significant improvements in the apnea-hypopnea index and in the oximetric data, with a surgical success rate of 80%, despite the lack of prior drug-induced sleep endoscopy screening.
Obstructive Salivary Gland Disorders - A Malaysian Patient Series
Authors: Subha Sethu Thakachy , Osman Malina , Narayanan Prepageran
Published: October 2024

Introduction Obstructive salivary gland disease is a frequently encountered clinical entity that can present to various health practitioners. Obstructive sialadenitis can lead to recurrent infections and debilitating quality-of-life issues.

Objective There is a paucity of published data regarding obstructive salivary disorders among the multiracial Asian population. The present study aimed to determine the demographic pattern and risk factors of obstructive salivary gland disorders with the goal of better management of this condition.

Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary institution over a period of 5 years.

Results A total of 256 (9.84 for every 1,000) patients were found to have salivary disorders, 10% of who were diagnosed to have obstructive disorder. Among the obstructive salivary disorders, 76% had sialolithiasis, 19% had recurrent parotitis, and 1 patient had chronic sialadenitis. We observed a small female preponderance for obstructive salivary disorders. This study revealed that smoking is a significant risk factor (p = 0.041; prevalence ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval 1.12–5.78), and smokers were 2.5 times more likely to develop obstructive salivary disorders. There was no statistical correlation between the prevalence and other risk factors like infection, dehydration, intake of medications, history of diabetes mellitus, radiotherapy, and autoimmune disorders.

Conclusion Our study results demonstrated that the prevalence of obstructive salivary gland disorders was 0.1%. This study provided a better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of obstructive salivary disorders, which facilitate timely management and improves quality of life.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy versus Notched Sound Therapy in Adults with Chronic Subjective Tinnitus and Normal Hearing
Authors: Mekki Soha Abdelraouf , Sehlo Mohammed Gamal , Youssef Usama Mahmoud , Ibraheem Ola Abdallah , Ghazaly Mai Ragab
Published: October 2024

Introduction Tinnitus can be distressing, and it affects the quality of life (QoL) through psychological and cognitive impairments. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and notched sound therapy (NST) are tinnitus management approaches aiming to reduce symptoms and improve QoL via two different mechanisms. The CBT attains the cognitive principle, whereas the NST initiates tinnitus habituation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of CBT and NST and compare their results in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus.

Methods The present prospective study involved 64 adults with normal hearing and chronic subjective tinnitus. They were subjected to history taking, basic audiological evaluation, and extended high-frequency audiometry at 10 and 12.5 kHz. The participants were divided into two equal groups, the first treated with CBT and the second treated with NST. The psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus and the Arabic Questionnaire for Tinnitus Reaction (Arabic-QTR) were used to monitor the outcomes of both therapies.

Results Both groups showed significant reduction in tinnitus severity according to the Arabic-QTR and tinnitus loudness matching. Improvement in the Arabic-QTR was better in the CBT group, while tinnitus loudness improvement was better in the NST group.

Conclusion Both CBT and NST are effective in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. In a comparison of the effect of the two therapies, CBT was found to be more effective in decreasing tinnitus-related distress, whereas SNT was found to be more helpful in reducing tinnitus loudness.
Metastatic Malignant Paraganglioma of Rare Sites Failed on Conventional Treatments Demonstrating Beneficial Response to 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT
Authors: Edamadaka Yeshwanth , Bal Munita , Rane Swapnil , Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip
Published: October 2024

The incidence of paraganglioma (PGL) is rising due to better imaging modalities employed for evaluating incidentaloma and surveillance of the asymptomatic carriers. Benign and malignant PGLs often cannot be reliably diagnosed on histology alone, and the documentation of metastases is important in the diagnosis of malignancy. Advancement in genomics has improved our understanding of PGL. 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan shows a significant superior detection rate compared with other conventional functional and anatomical imaging modalities, can detect rare sites of primary disease in PGL, and also aids in patient selection for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). PRRT is increasingly used in metastatic setting with good symptomatic and biochemical response and disease stabilization in metastatic PGL patients. We present a series of three patients with PGLs located in rare primary sites (sigmoid colon, urinary bladder, and carotid body space), which showed recurrence of disease on conventional treatments and developed metastatic disease in the lymph nodes, liver, skeleton, and lungs. PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE achieved symptom control, favorable biochemical and imaging responses, and increased progression-free and overall survival rate in the described patients.
High sensitive synchrone detection based dynamic Sénarmont method for measurements of electro-optical (EO) Pockels and Kerr coefficients in hybrid nanocomposites films
Authors: Ezzehouany S. , Eddoha K. , Eddahbi A. , Taugeron P. , Bulou A. , Drighil A. , Kassiba A. , Ouaskit S.
Published: October 2024

This study introduces an innovative approach by employing a highly sensitive synchronous detection-based dynamic Sénarmont method for the precise measurement of electro-optical (EO) Pockels and Kerr coefficients within hybrid nanocomposite films. The experimental setup integrates LabVIEW instrumentation software, ensuring accurate data acquisition. The EO-active film compositions encompass diverse polymer (PMMA) and organic dye combinations, including PMMA/organic dyes (DR1 and CPO), as well as PMMA combined with DR1-SiC, DR1-TiO2, and CPO-TiO2. Through meticulous experimentation and calibration of the Sénarmont setup, this research demonstrates exceptional sensitivity in evaluating EO parameters based on film composition. Notably, the study examines the impact of poling conditions, geometric configurations, and the influence of TiO2 nanoparticle integration on electro-optical behavior. The findings reveal distinctive electro-optical responses, highlighting the significant potential for tailored designs and practical applications in optimizing polymer nanocomposite electro-optical properties. Overall, this work offers valuable insights into refining measurement techniques and leveraging nanomaterials for enhanced electro-optical functionalities.
Cerium doped yttrium aluminum perovskite scintillator as an absolute ultracold neutron detector
Authors: Krivoš M. , Floyd N. C. , Tang Z. , Morris C. L. , Blatnik M. , Clayton S. M. , Cude-Woods C. B. , Holley A. T. , Hooks D. E. , Ito T. M. , Liu C.-Y. , Makela M. , Martinez I. F. , Martinez M. R. , Navazo A. S. C. , O’Shaughnessy C. M. , Pattie R. W. , Renner E. L. , Singh M. , Surbrook J. , Young A. R.
Published: October 2024

The upcoming UCNProBe experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory will measure the beta decay rate of free neutrons with different systematic uncertainties than previous beam-based neutron lifetime experiments. We have tested a new 10B-coated Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (YAP:Ce) scintillator and present its properties. The advantages of the YAP:Ce scintillator include its high Fermi potential, which reduces the probability for upscattering of ultracold neutrons (UCN), and its short decay time, which increases sensitivity at high counting rates. Birks’ coefficient of YAP:Ce was measured to be (5.56−0.30+0.05)×10−4 cm/MeV. The loss of light due to the 120 nm 10B-coating was measured to be about 60%, and the loss of light from YAP:Ce due to transmission through a deuterated polystyrene scintillator was about 50%. The efficiency for neutron capture on the 10B coating was (86.8 ± 2.6)%, and a measurement using UCN showed that the YAP:Ce crystal counted 8%–28% more UCN compared to a ZnS:Ag screen. The difference may be due to the uneven coating of 10B on the rough surface of ZnS:Ag.
A variational method for the sheath potential of hypersonic leading edges with space-charge limitations
Authors: Ghoniem Nasr M. , Brown David B. , Huang Yue
Published: October 2024

Electron transpiration cooling for the leading edges (LE) of hypersonic aircraft utilizes thermionic emission; however, space-charge effects limit the electron emission rate, potentially diminishing the efficiency of this cooling mechanism. We develop a variational weak form of the Poisson equation that describes the sheath potential and then numerically solve it using the finite element method. This formulation has two main benefits: (1) the space-charge limit condition can be incorporated as a constraint and (2) it allows for the analysis of three-dimensional geometries with complex boundary conditions. We demonstrate that the current emitted from the surface of an LE is generally a small fraction of the Child–Langmuir limit due to space charge. We then propose several methods to enhance the emitted current from the surface and to boost the cooling effect of thermionic emission. These include increasing the plasma density, applying a negative surface potential, and using fringe fields under suitable geometric conditions. For a LaB6 emitting LE, the total emitted current is shown to be minimal and independent of the temperature of a surface with floating potential. However, when a negative potential is applied and the surface is heated, the emitted current follows the Richardson–Dushman relationship up to a critical temperature, beyond which it remains constant. At an applied surface potential of −5 V, the critical temperature is around 1700 K.
Nanoarchitectonics of highly flexible iron-oxide nanoporous electrodes on stainless steel substrate for wearable supercapacitors
Authors: Feng Tao , Luo Xinglin , Liu Zhuohao , Liu Xingwang , Yan Xiaohui , Li Gang , Zhang Wenlei , Wang Kaiying
Published: October 2024

Flexible electrode is crucial for wearable electronic devices. To prevent performance degradation due to bending or stretching, the development of highly flexible and durable materials is imperative. Here, we address this challenge by selecting stainless-steel electrodes with excellent stability and flexibility. Through an anodization process on the stainless steel, we created an integrated flexible iron oxide electrode. Chemical vapor deposition and ion implantation were employed to develop concentration-controllable N-doped iron oxide electrodes. Comparative analysis highlights the outstanding performance of ion-implanted electrodes, with a specific capacitance increase of up to 3.01 times (332.375 mF cm−2) at 1 mA cm−2. The N-doped electrode exhibits a capacitance retention of 76.67% after 8000 cycles. Density functional theory calculations reveal N-induced lattice distortion, enhancing ion transport and reducing the bandgap. Leveraging these insights, a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled, demonstrating exceptional stability and capacitance characteristics across different voltages. The flexibility of the stainless-steel substrate enables the FSC to maintain capacitive performance during bending. This research presents a promising solution for high-performance and stable capacitors in electrochemical energy storage applications.
Prediction of binding energy using machine learning approach
Authors: Pandey Bishnu , Giri Subash , Pant Rajan Dev , Jalan Muskan , Chaudhary Ashok , Adhikari Narayan Prasad
Published: October 2024

The liquid drop model is an empirical hypothesis established on the idea that nuclei can be thought of as incompressible liquid droplets. The AME2020 dataset was used in this work to determine binding energy using a semi-empirical mass formula and compare it with binding energies predicted by a machine learning algorithm. Random forest regressor, MLPRegressor, and XGBoost models were employed. In terms of accuracy, root mean square error, and mean absolute error, machine learning models performed better than the semi-empirical mass formula. Compared to RFR, XGBoost, and SEMF, MLPRegressor performed better in predicting binding energies for lighter nuclei. Using estimated binding energies, nuclear masses were computed, and it was shown that all three models adequately predicted nuclear masses with minimal error. This finding highlights how machine learning can be applied to nuclear physics to predict various nuclei’s properties.
Structural and optoelectronic study of MgLiX3 (X= Cl, Br, and I) halide perovskites: A DFT approach
Authors: Parves Md. Shahazan , Mahmud S. , Tarekuzzaman Md. , Rayhan M. A. , Rasheduzzaman Md. , Hasan Md. Zahid
Published: October 2024

This article presents in-depth information on the structural and optoelectronic properties of MgLiX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskites, and it suggests that MgLiX3 perovskites are promising materials for use in a variety of optoelectronic gadgets. The structural and optoelectronic properties of the compounds are determined utilizing first-principles calculations, with the density functional theory applied through the WIEN2k code. The structural stability was verified by computing the formation energy and binding energy. This study investigated the behavior of electronic conductivity and determined the bandgap values by employing TB-mBJ, which are 3.354 eV (MgLiCl3), 1.728 eV (MgLiBr3), and 0.067 eV (MgLiI3). Furthermore, optical properties such as absorption coefficient, reflectivity, conductivity, loss function, dielectric function, refractive index, and extinction coefficient were calculated and analyzed. In the visible range, MgLiBr3 and MgLiI3 exhibit their primary highest peaks of the absorption coefficient, which are 8.8 × 104 cm−1 for MgLiBr3 and 7.7 × 104 cm−1 for MgLiI3. On the other hand, MgLiCl3 demonstrates its initial highest peaks in the UV range, that is, 9 × 104 cm−1. The findings indicate that among the compounds studied, MgLiBr3 shows promise as a candidate for manufacturing solar cell devices based on the SQ limit, bandgap for typical perovskites (within 0.8–2.2 eV), and absorption in the visible range. MgLiCl3 is suitable for manufacturing several optoelectronic devices, such as laser diodes (LDs) and UV sensors due to having a high absorption coefficient in the ultraviolet region. With its low energy bandgap and high absorption coefficient in the IR to VR regions, MgLiI3 is well-suited for manufacturing photodetectors, LEDs, and other optoelectronic devices.
Enhancing temperature and torque prediction in permanent magnet synchronous motors using deep learning neural networks and BiLSTM RNNs
Authors: Bouziane Mohammed , Bouziane Abdelghani , Naima Khatir , Alkhafaji Mohammed Ayad , Afenyiveh Serge Dzo Mawuefa , Menni Younes
Published: October 2024

This study aims to develop an effective method for predicting the temperature and torque of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) using deep learning techniques, which is crucial for optimizing motor performance and ensuring longevity, particularly in the automotive industry. Various Neural Network (NN) architectures, including a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) unit, were employed to model the complex relationships between motor parameters, such as stator winding, current, torque, and permanent magnet temperature. The findings demonstrate that an NN with two hidden layers (64 and 32 neurons) achieved an R2 score of 0.99 for both torque and temperature prediction, while the BiLSTM network effectively modeled temporal dynamics, leading to high-fidelity rotor temperature predictions. This research provides a novel application of BiLSTM RNNs in accurately predicting PMSM temperatures, offering valuable insights for industries reliant on these motors. Integrating these models into motor control systems can enhance operational efficiency, reduce overheating risks, and extend motor lifespan, contributing to energy savings and environmental sustainability by lowering energy consumption and reducing waste.
The status and conservation needs of the Micronesian Megapode (Megapodius laperouse laperouse) across the Mariana archipelago
Authors: Radley Paul M. , Camp Richard J. , Amidon Frederick A. , Marshall Ann P. , Gorresen P. Marcos , Kessler Curt
Published: October 2024

Context Accurate baseline data for wildlife populations are important to track trends of these populations over time and to identify threats to their long-term persistence. Aims We aimed to assess the status and distribution of the little studied megapode (Megapodius laperouse laperouse) across the Mariana Islands. Methods Using passive and call playback facilitated surveys in 2008 through 2010, we employed point–transect distance sampling to assess island-level and archipelago-wide status of this megapode. To assess conservation needs, we defined human presence as the current, recent, or intermittent occurrence of humans on islands. Key results We recorded 657 megapode detections and estimated an archipelago level abundance of 11,542 individuals (95% CI: 5456–17,623) from 699 sampling points across 10 islands. Three islands supported 86% of the megapode population, but cumulatively comprise only 2% of the archipelago’s land area. Conclusions Micronesian Megapodes preferred native forest. Human presence and the availability of native forest may limit their abundance and distribution in the Mariana Islands. Although the probability of detecting megapodes was significantly greater on islands without high human presence, significantly more detections were recorded in forests with dense or closed understory on those islands that supported greater human populations. Implications Given their status and confined distribution in the Mariana Islands, additional studies investigating megapode incubation sites and movement within and between islands would provide fundamental information on megapode ecology and enhance conservation efforts. Continued and expanded ungulate removal, predator control, and habitat restoration would further enhance the likelihood of megapode persistence in the archipelago.
Convolution identities for divisor sums and modular forms
Authors: Fedosova Ksenia , Klinger-Logan Kim , Radchenko Danylo
Published: October 2024

We consider certain convolution sums that are the subject of a conjecture by Chester, Green, Pufu, Wang, and Wen in string theory. We prove a generalized form of their conjecture, explicitly evaluating absolutely convergent sums

∑

n
1

∈
Z
∖

{
0
,
n
}

φ

(

n
1

,
n
−

n
1

)

σ

2

m
1

(

n
1

)

σ

2

m
2

(
n
−

n
1

)

,

where

φ
(

n
1

,

n
2

)

is a Laurent polynomial with logarithms. Contrary to original expectations, such convolution sums, suitably extended to

n
1

∈

{
0
,
n
}

, do not vanish, but instead, they carry number theoretic meaning in the form of Fourier coefficients of holomorphic cusp forms.
Dual ON/OFF-switch chimeric antigen receptor controlled by two clinically approved drugs
Authors: Giordano Attianese Greta Maria Paola , Shui Sailan , Cribioli Elisabetta , Triboulet Melanie , Scheller Leo , Hafezi Morteza , Reichenbach Patrick , Gainza Pablo , Georgeon Sandrine , Correia Bruno E. , Irving Melita
Published: October 2024

The ability to remotely control the activity of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) with small molecules can improve the safety and efficacy of gene-modified T cells. Split ON- or OFF-switch CARs involve the dissociation of tumor–antigen binding from T cell activation (i.e., CD3ζ) on the receptor (R-) and signaling (S-) chains, respectively, that either associate or are disrupted in the presence of a small molecule. Here, we have developed an inducible (i)ON-CAR comprising the anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma protein 2 protein in the ectodomain of both chains which associate in the presence of venetoclax. We showed that inducible ON (iON)-CAR T cells respond to target tumors cells in the presence of venetoclax or the BH3 mimetic navitoclax in a dose-dependent manner, while there is no impact of the drugs on equivalent second generation-CAR T cells. Within 48 h of venetoclax withdrawal, iON-CAR T cells lose the ability to respond to target tumor cells in vitro as evaluated by Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production, and they are reliant upon the presence of venetoclax for in vivo activity. Finally, by fusing a degron sequence to the endodomain of the iON-CAR S-chain we generated an all-in-one ON/OFF-switch CAR, the iONØ-CAR, down-regulated by lenalidomide within 4 to 6 for functionally inactive T cells (no IFNγ production) within 24 h. We propose that our remote-control CAR designs can reduce toxicity in the clinic. Moreover, the periodic rest of iON and iONØ-CAR T cells may alleviate exhaustion and hence augment persistence and long-term tumor control in patients.
Arabidopsis
uses a molecular grounding mechanism and a biophysical circuit breaker to limit floral abscission signaling
Authors: Taylor Isaiah W. , Patharkar O. Rahul , Mijar Medhavinee , Hsu Che-Wei , Baer John , Niederhuth Chad E. , Ohler Uwe , Benfey Philip N. , Walker John C.
Published: October 2024

Abscission is the programmed separation of plant organs. It is widespread in the plant kingdom with important functions in development and environmental response. In Arabidopsis, abscission of floral organs (sepals, petals, and stamens) is controlled by two receptor-like protein kinases HAESA (HAE) and HAESA LIKE-2 (HSL2), which orchestrate the programmed dissolution of the abscission zone connecting floral organs to the developing fruit. In this work, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the core
HAE/HSL2
abscission gene expression program. We identify the
MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASE-1/MKP1
gene as a negative regulator of this pathway. MKP1 acts prior to activation of HAE/HSL2 signaling to establish a signaling threshold required for the initiation of abscission. Furthermore, we use single-cell data to identify genes expressed in two subpopulations of abscission zone cells: those proximal and those distal to the plane of separation. We identify
INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION/IDA
family genes, encoding activating ligands of HAE/HSL2, as enriched in distal abscission zone cells at the base of the abscising organs. We show how this expression pattern forms a biophysical circuit breaker whereby, when the organ is shed, the source of the IDA peptides is removed, leading to cessation of HAE/HSL2 signaling. Overall, this work provides insight into the multiple control mechanisms acting on the abscission-signaling pathway.
Regional specialization, polyploidy, and seminal fluid transcripts in the
Drosophila
female reproductive tract
Authors: Thayer Rachel C. , Polston Elizabeth S. , Xu Jixiang , Begun David J.
Published: October 2024

Sexual reproduction requires the choreographed interaction of female cells and molecules with sperm and seminal fluid. In internally fertilizing animals, these interactions are managed by specialized tissues within the female reproductive tract (FRT), such as a uterus, glands, and sperm storage organs. However, female somatic reproductive tissues remain understudied, hindering insight into the molecular interactions that support fertility. Here, we report the identification, molecular characterization, and analysis of cell types throughout the somatic FRT in the premier
Drosophila melanogaster
model system. We find that the uterine epithelia is composed of 11 distinct cell types with well-delineated spatial domains, likely corresponding to functionally specialized surfaces that interact with gametes and reproductive fluids. Polyploidy is pervasive: More than half of lower reproductive tract cells are ≥4C. While seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are typically thought of as male products that are transferred to females, we find that specialized cell types in the sperm storage organs heavily invest in expressing SFP genes. Rates of amino acid divergence between closely related species indicate heterogeneous evolutionary processes acting on male-limited versus female-expressed seminal fluid genes. Together, our results emphasize that more than 40% of annotated seminal fluid genes are better described as shared components of reproductive transcriptomes, which may function cooperatively to support spermatozoa. More broadly, our work provides the molecular foundation for improved technologies to catalyze the functional characterization of the FRT.
Electric fields imbue enzyme reactivity by aligning active site fragment orbitals
Authors: Eberhart M. E. , Wilson Timothy R. , Jones T. E. , Alexandrova Anastassia N.
Published: October 2024

It is broadly recognized that intramolecular electric fields, produced by the protein scaffold and acting on the active site, facilitate enzymatic catalysis. This field effect can be described by several theoretical models, each of which is intuitive to varying degrees. In this contribution, we show that a fundamental effect of electric fields is to generate electrostatic potentials that facilitate the energetic alignment of reactant frontier orbitals. We apply this model to demystify the impact of electric fields on high-valent iron–oxo heme proteins: catalases, peroxidases, and peroxygenases/monooxygenases. Specifically, we show that this model easily accounts for the observed field-induced changes to the spin distribution within peroxidase active sites and explains the transition between epoxidation and hydroxylation pathways seen in Cytochrome P450 active site models. Thus, for the intuitive interpretation of the chemical effect of the field, the strategy involves analyzing the response of the orbitals of active site fragments, and their energetic alignment. We note that the energy difference between fragment orbitals involved in charge redistribution acts as a measure for the chemical hardness/softness of the reactive complex. This measure, and its sensitivity to electric fields, offers a single parameter model from which to quantitatively assess the effects of electric fields on reactivity and selectivity. Thus, the model provides an additional perspective to describe electrostatic preorganization and offers ways for its manipulation.
Anomalous wet summers and rising atmospheric CO
2
concentrations increase the CO
2
sink in a poorly drained forest on permafrost
Authors: Ueyama Masahito , Iwata Hiroki , Nagano Hirohiko , Kukuu Naoki , Harazono Yoshinobu
Published: October 2024

At the northern high latitudes, rapid warming, associated changes in the hydrological cycle, and rising atmospheric CO
2
concentrations, [CO
2
], are observed at present. Under rapid environmental changes, it is important to understand the current and future trajectories of the CO
2
budget in high-latitude ecosystems. In this study, we present the importance of anomalous wet conditions and rising [CO
2
] on the long-term CO
2
budget based on two decades (2003–2022) of quasicontinuous measurements of CO
2
flux at a poorly drained black spruce forest on permafrost peat in interior Alaska. The long-term CO
2
budget for the black spruce forest was a small sink of −53 ± 63 g C m
−2
y
−1
. The CO
2
sink increased from 49 g C m
−2
y
−1
for the first decade to 58 g C m
−2
y
−1
for the second decade. The increased CO
2
sink was attributed to an 11.3% increase in gross primary productivity (GPP) among which 9% increase in GPP was explained by a recent increase in precipitation. Furthermore, a 3% increase in GPP in response to a 37-ppm increase in [CO
2
] was estimated from the data-model fusion. Our study shows that understanding the coupling between hydrological and carbon cycles and the CO
2
fertilization effect is important for understanding the current and future carbon budgets of high-latitude ecosystems in permafrost regions.
The relative influence of language backgrounds, communicative text types, and disciplines in undergraduate student
writing
Authors: Goulart Larissa , Dixon Tülay
Published: October 2024

Previous studies of undergraduate writing investigated linguistic variation across (i) assignment types, (ii)
disciplines, and (iii) language backgrounds. The combined findings of these studies allowed us to formulate eight hypotheses as to
how undergraduate writing is likely to vary across these three variables. Three of the hypotheses are as follows: (a) writing in
humanities will have more features of ‘academic involvement’, while writing in sciences will have more features of ‘information
density’; (b) assignments such as proposals and procedural recounts will have more features of ‘expression of possibility’; and
(c) L1 students will use more features of ‘information density’ than L2 students. In the current study, we test these hypotheses,
examining whether the language of undergraduate writing varies in accordance with the expectations from previous research. We use
the dimensions identified in Goulart (2024) to examine these hypotheses in a corpus
of undergraduate student writing. The results provide support for hypotheses related to disciplines and communicative purposes,
but not for those related to language backgrounds.
Known mechanisms that increase nuclear fusion rates in the solid state
Authors: Metzler Florian , Hunt Camden , Hagelstein Peter L , Galvanetto Nicola
Published: October 2024

We investigate known mechanisms for enhancing nuclear fusion rates at ambient temperatures and pressures in solid-state environments. In deuterium fusion, on which the paper is focused, an enhancement of >40 orders of magnitude would be needed to achieve observable fusion. We find that different mechanisms for fusion rate enhancement are known across the domains of atomic physics, nuclear physics, and quantum dynamics. Cascading multiple such mechanisms could lead to an overall enhancement of 40 orders of magnitude or more. We present a roadmap with examples of how hypothesis-driven research could be conducted in—and across—each domain to probe the plausibility of technologically-relevant fusion in the solid state.
Bloch classification surface for three-band systems
Authors: Abramovici G
Published: October 2024

Topologically protected states can be found in physical systems, that show singularities in some energy contour diagram. These singularities can be characterized by winding numbers, defined on a classification surface, which maps physical state parameters. We have found a classification surface, which applies for three-band hamiltonian systems in the same way than standard Bloch surface does for two-band ones. This generalized Bloch surface is universal in the sense that it classifies a very large class of three-band systems, which we have exhaustively studied, finding specific classification surfaces, applying for each one.
The renormalization group for large-scale structure: origin of galaxy stochasticity
Authors: Rubira Henrique , Schmidt Fabian
Published: October 2024

The renormalization group equations for large-scale structure (RG-LSS) describe how the bias and stochastic (noise) parameters — both of matter and biased tracers such as galaxies — evolve as a function of the cutoff Λ of the effective field theory. In previous work, we derived the RG-LSS equations for the bias parameters using the Wilson-Polchinski framework. Here, we extend these results to include stochastic contributions, corresponding to terms in the effective action that are higher order in the current J.
We derive the general local interaction terms that describe stochasticity at all orders in perturbations,
and a closed set of nonlinear RG equations for their coefficients.
These imply that
a single nonlinear bias term generates all stochastic moments through RG evolution. Further, the
evolution is controlled by a different, lower scale than the nonlinear scale. This has implications for the optimal choice of the renormalization scale when comparing the theory with data to obtain cosmological constraints.
SoftBoMI: a non-invasive wearable body-machine interface for mapping movement of shoulder to commands
Authors: Liu Rongkai , Song Quanjun , Ma Tingting , Pan Hongqing , Li Hao , Zhao Xinyan
Published: October 2024

Objective. Customized human-machine interfaces for controlling assistive devices are vital in improving the self-help ability of upper limb amputees and tetraplegic patients. Given that most of them possess residual shoulder mobility, using it to generate commands to operate assistive devices can serve as a complementary approach to brain–computer interfaces. Approach. We propose a hybrid body-machine interface prototype that integrates soft sensors and an inertial measurement unit. This study introduces both a rule-based data decoding method and a user intent inference-based decoding method to map human shoulder movements into continuous commands. Additionally, by incorporating prior knowledge of the user’s operational performance into a shared autonomy framework, we implement an adaptive switching command mapping approach. This approach enables seamless transitions between the two decoding methods, enhancing their adaptability across different tasks. Main results. The proposed method has been validated on individuals with cervical spinal cord injury, bilateral arm amputation, and healthy subjects through a series of center-out target reaching tasks and a virtual powered wheelchair driving task. The experimental results show that using both the soft sensors and the gyroscope exhibits the most well-rounded performance in intent inference. Additionally, the rule-based method demonstrates better dynamic performance for wheelchair operation, while the intent inference method is more accurate but has higher latency. Adaptive switching decoding methods offer the best adaptability by seamlessly transitioning between decoding methods for different tasks. Furthermore, we discussed the differences and characteristics among the various types of participants in the experiment. Significance. The proposed method has the potential to be integrated into clothing, enabling non-invasive interaction with assistive devices in daily life, and could serve as a tool for rehabilitation assessment in the future.
Preface
Authors: Cheng Li , Zhu Baoshan
Published: October 2024

Summary of the 8th International Conference on Pumps and Fans

1. Background

To further enhance domestic and international cooperation and exchange, better understand research hotspots, stimulate scientific research vitality, and build a high-level academic exchange platform, Yangzhou University and Tsinghua University jointly hosted the 8th International Conference on Pumps and Fans (ICPF) in Yangzhou, China, from 12th to 15th April 2024. This conference traces its origins to the first International Conference on Pumps and Fans held at Tsinghua University in 1992, with subsequent conferences held at Tsinghua University in 1995, 1998, and 2002; at Zhejiang University in 2010; at Tsinghua University again in 2013; and at Zhejiang University again in 2015. Participation is encouraged from individuals involved in all facets of fluid machinery.

List of Purpose, Scope, Record, Acknowledgement, Appendix A: Committee, Scientific Committee are available in this Pdf.