bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etapas de cambio, conocimiento y autoeficacia para el uso del condón en migrantes.
Authors: Aranda Ibarra Jesus Ramón , Benavides Torres Raquel Alicia
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Los migrantes viven diferentes circunstancias que definen el comportamiento sexual que incrementa su vulnerabilidad a la adquisición de ITS y VIH, Para la prevención de las ITS incluido el VIH, es imprescindible la adopción del preservativo como practica de protección, según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la relación entre los conocimientos del condón y la autoeficacia del uso del condón con las etapas de cambio para el uso del condón en migrantes en tránsito. Método: El diseño es correlacional de corte transversal en una muestra de hombres y mujeres migrantes en tránsito en la ciudad de Tijuana, Baja California. Los datos fueron procesados con ayuda del paquete estadístico Social Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25, Se determinaron los descriptivos mediante promedios ± desviación estándar (DE) y frecuencias, se determinó la utilización del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (Rho de Spearman) con margen de error al 95%, p<0.05. Resultados: En etapas de cambio para el uso del condón, el 31.1% se ubicó en precontemplación, es decir, que no tenían la intención de utilizar el condón en sus relaciones sexuales vaginales, orales y/o anales dentro de los próximos 6 meses. Por otro lado, el 26.6 % se encuentra en preparación, esto quiere decir que tienen la intención de utilizar el condón siempre que tenga sexo vaginal, anal u oral dentro de los próximos treinta días. El 19.8% de los migrantes lleva más de seis meses utilizando el condón en cada relación sexual, clasificándolo en la etapa de mantenimiento para el uso del condón. Los migrantes que se encontraron en las primeras etapas como precontemplación y contemplación tenían menores puntuaciones que aquellos que se encontraron en la etapa de mantenimiento. Conclusión: Los conocimientos del condón y la autoeficacia del uso del condón tienen una relación positiva significativa con las etapas de cambio para el uso del condón, se sugiere replicar el estudio con una muestra más amplia e incorporando las variables motivación, balance decisional y los procesos de cambio, así como otras que indique la literatura que son de importancia en la conducta del uso del condón en los migrantes que se encuentran en tránsito.
Introduction Of CaO From Oyster And Ecoenzim For Making Virgin Coconut Oil
Authors: Tiwow Vanny M.A. , Abram Paulus Hengky , Pulukadang Sri Hastuti V. , Safitri Yinangsih
Published: July 2024

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a form of processed coconut meat that is pure and free from Free fatty acids. VCO is widely known as cooking oil, cosmetics, antioxidants and health benefits, because the ingredients are high in lauric acid. The purpose of this research are to produce VCO by utilizing CaO from oyster and Eco-enzyme for de-emulsifying protein to separated oil from water and to measure both the decreasing of free fatty acid number and the decreased peroxide number as a parameter of the quality of the resulting VCO. Applications of CaO and Eco-enzyme ferry simple just mix both each 0.2 gr, 0.4 gr, 0.6 gr. of CaO and 0.2 mL., 0.4mL., 0.6 mL. of Eco-enzyme with 100 mL. coconut milk stirrer it.  After treatments, it can be concluded that: separation of water from oil in the manufacture of VCO from coconut milk can occur using CaO and using Eco-enzyme It means that de-emulsification of protein in coconut milk is working well. To determine the quality of production VCO from CaO de-emulsification found 50.00 % the decreasing of Free Fatty Acid number and the decreasing of peroxide number is 28.57 %. From eco-enzyme de-emulsification the results are 55.55 %, the decrease of the acid number (DAN) and 57.14% the decrease of the peroxide number (DPN).
TAMARA ISMAILOVNA SHALINA (TO THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY)
Authors: Bulankina Irina A. ,   Irkutsk State Medical University
Published: July 2024

amara Ismailovna Shalina, Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, the head of the Department of Human Anatomy, Operative Sur-gery and Forensic Medicine of the Irkutsk State Medical University, turned 70 years old. Tamara Ismailovna was born on May 5, 1954 in Cherkessk, Stavropol Territory. After graduating from school, she entered medical school and gradu-ated with honors in 1975. Having worked as a paramedic in an exercise therapy centre and in an antituberculosis dispensary, she realized that medicine was her calling, and that she was most interested in preventive medicine and scientific studies. Therefore, she decided to continue her education and in 1979 she entered the faculty of public health of the Irkutsk State Medical Institute. After graduating from the institute in 1985, she was invited to the Depart-ment of Human Anatomy as a teaching assistant, where she continues to work. The teams of the Departments of Human Anatomy, Operative Surgery and Forensic Medicine, Histology, Embryol-ogy, Cytology, Normal Physiology, university staff and students warmly congratulate Tamara Ismailovna on her 70th birthday, wishing her good health, well-being and further achievements in her career.
Learning Self-distilled Features for Facial Deepfake Detection Using Visual Foundation Models: General Results and Demographic Analysis
Authors: Cunha Yan Martins Braz Gurevitz , Gomes Bruno Rocha , Boaro José Matheus C. , Moraes Daniel de Sousa , Busson Antonio José Grandson , Duarte Julio Cesar , Colcher Sérgio
Published: July 2024

Modern deepfake techniques produce highly realistic false media content with the potential for spreading harmful information, including fake news and incitements to violence. Deepfake detection methods aim to identify and counteract such content by employing machine learning algorithms, focusing mainly on detecting the presence of manipulation using spatial and temporal features. These methods often utilize Foundation Models trained on extensive unlabeled data through self-supervised approaches. This work extends previous research on deepfake detection, focusing on the effectiveness of these models while also considering biases, particularly concerning age, gender, and ethnicity, for ethical analysis. Experiments with DINOv2, a novel Vision Transformer-based Foundation Model, trained using the diverse Deepfake Detection Challenge Dataset, which encompasses several lighting conditions, resolutions, and demographic attributes, demonstrated improved deepfake detection when combined with a CNN classifier, with minimal bias towards these demographic characteristics.
Trichoderma spp, Allelopathies in the Rhizosphere of Plants: For the Management of Soil Borne Pathogen, Rhizoctonia Solani
Authors: Kr. Kaman Pranjal , Senapoty Daisy , Shiva Sai Swaroop Vithanala , Kr. Deva Nath Hiranya , Das Apurba , Dutta Pranab , Bahadur Amar
Published: July 2024

Among the many plant diseases, those brought on by soil-borne pathogens are the ones that result in significant losses. Rhizoctonia solani, one of many soil-borne pathogens, has been identified as a potential culprit for yield loss due to its broad host range. Prior to the development of extremely potent and selective fungicides, chemical treatment is not a practical option. However, the dangers associated with agrochemicals are reducing their use. Scientists are becoming more interested in biological management in this situation because it is an environmentally beneficial method. Biological control is the process through which one organism controls another. Trichoderma has become one of the most important biocontrol agents currently available due to its extensive antagonistic pathways. There are 89 species in this genus, and numerous strains have been discovered to be powerful biocontrol agents for plant diseases. The species T. viride, T. hamantum, T. koningii, and others make up the majority of the Trichoderma biocontrol agents. Direct and indirect antagonistic mechanisms are the two categories. Mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and pathogen enzyme inactivation are examples of direct methods. Indirect mechanisms include competition for nutrients and space, the activation of plant defensive systems (such as induced systemic resistance), and others. Their antagonistic characteristics are affected by a number of variables, including pH and temperature.
Numerical Methods in Python for Solving Systems of Stochastic Differential Equations: An Application to the SIRD Model in Latin America
Authors: Quispe Dennis , Rubio Obidio
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, we apply the exploration of the Euler–Maruyama, Milstein, and Runge–Kutta methods to solve systems of stochastic differential equations associated with the stochastic SIRD model. We simulate sample trajectories of each variable using Python and data collected in Peru during the years 2020 and 2021, marked by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our research involves comparing stochastic and deterministic systems obtained from the SIRD model in the Peruvian context. We use different values for the intensity of white noise to assess the impact of stochasticity on the dynamics of the SIRD model. Presenting random simulations alongside deterministic ones provides a comprehensive understanding of the effect of randomness in the context of infectious disease modeling.
High Entropy Alloy Composition Design for Mechanical Properties
Authors: H. Naghdi Amir , Massa Dario , Karimi and Stefanos Papanikolaou Kamran
Published: July 2024

Multi-component high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a novel class of materials exhibiting outstanding material properties that often surpassing their traditional counterparts. Despite their ubiquity, the underlying microstructure-property relationships in HEAs remain elusive. This chapter addresses this gap by exploring the application of cutting-edge machine learning tools to establish robust connections between HEAs’ chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical response. The survey begins by discussing the current state of micro-structural characterization techniques in HEAs, giving insights into their complex underlying microstructure. The development of ML force fields for HEAs based on ab initio datasets is then highlighted, addressing challenges posed by the expansive composition space associated with HEAs. The chapter further outlines machine learning-assisted composition search strategies for HEAs with specific functional properties, offering a systematic and efficient approach to explore material properties. Overall, the present overview demonstrates the potential of machine learning in unraveling the intricate nature of HEAs and accelerating their tailored design for diverse applications.
New insights into the roles of cysteine and homocysteine in pathological processes
Authors: Filip Nina , Constantin Pinzariu Alin , Aida Maranduca Minela , Zamosteanu Diana , Lacramioara Serban Ionela
Published: July 2024

Both cysteine and homocysteine are sulfur-containing amino acids with distinct roles in cellular processes. This chapter explores novel perspectives on the roles of cysteine and homocysteine in pathological processes, delving into their intricate involvement in various disease pathways. Additionally, the chapter elucidates the regulatory mechanisms governing homocysteine metabolism and its implications for a range of pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. By synthesizing recent research findings, this chapter aims to provide fresh insights into the nuanced interplay among cysteine, homocysteine, and disease progression. The exploration of these sulfur-containing amino acids opens avenues for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and suggests potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Poultry and Livestock Production: Environmental Impacts
Authors: G. Scanes Colin , Pierzchała-Koziec Krystyna
Published: July 2024

Animal agriculture is providing high quality protein to the World’s growing population. There have been increases in the production globally of meat, eggs and milk, for instance, between 2000 and 2020. In the cases of chicken meat, eggs, buffalo and dairy cattle milk, the increases in production exceeded the growth in human population. Along with production, there are multiple negative environmental impacts; namely the following: (1) the greenhouse gases (GHG) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O); (2) total ammonia (NH3) nitrogen (TAN), (3) particulate matter (PM) namely PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 adversely affecting public health, (4) hydrogen sulfide and other noxious sulfur compounds and (5) eutrophication and acidification. Enteric fermentation in ruminants, and to a less extent pigs, are the major sources of direct emissions of CH4. It is assumed that CH4 generation from enteric fermentation is minimal in poultry. However, this requires further study. Manure is an indirect source of GHGs. Products from ruminants (meat and milk) have the highest intensities of GHG and poultry products (meat and eggs) have the lowest intensities of GHG. Pig meat is intermediate. There are similar relative rankings of intensities for eutrophication and acidification. A series of strategies are proposed to address the environmental impacts of poultry and livestock production.
Sediment profiles and recording the effects of anthropogenic activities
Authors: Balestrero Menezes Denise , Toyama Daniele , Bianchi Bahia Clara
Published: July 2024

The sediments of streams and rivers partly preserve the records of the activities that surround them. In natural areas, mineral sediments are deposited and organic plant material is carried by rainfall. If in urban or densely cultivated areas, the records are complemented by other organic materials, and chemicals and solid particles from human activities. Studying sediment profiles of small watercourses throughout their hydrological cycle allows us to observe oscillations in sediment inputs and correlate them with the surrounding uses. This makes it possible to observe influences on erosion processes in areas of exposed soil due to agriculture, on the reduction of water flow in primary channels due to soil sealing and on changes in the solid content of sediments due to the incorporation of anthropogenic materials, like microplastics. The methodological procedures presented in this chapter and used in two case studies carried out the obtention of sediment profiles ranging from 12 to 71 cm in length, enabling in-depth analysis of the content of anthropogenic particles. In the urban basin studied, we found up to 5160 part./kg of microplastics, and in the rural basin, there were only a few sparse fragments, highlighting urban waste and activities as the main source of these materials.
Investment Indicators and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yusuf Abdulkarim
Published: July 2024

Most developing countries, including Nigeria, are stuck in a vicious cycle of low investment caused by insufficient domestic savings, resulting in inadequate capital formation and a large savings-investment gap. Given the significance of investment in poverty alleviation and economic growth, the study conducted a disaggregated analysis of various measures of investment in economic growth in Nigeria from 1981 to 2020. Using the conventional and structural break stationarity tests, as well as the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the epistemological findings confirm a compelling co-integrating relationship among the study variables and show that credit to the private sector, domestic investment, economic liberalization, foreign portfolio investment, and interest rate have a significant positive impact on long-term growth, whereas foreign direct investment, capital expenditure, and inflation have a significant negative impact. Furthermore, the short-run results revealed that economic liberalization, private-sector credit, and portfolio investment all correlate positively with growth. In contrast, foreign direct investment, infrastructure spending, and inflation rate are profoundly negative. The study, therefore, advocated for effective fiscal and monetary policy coordination to lower the cost of doing business, incentivize and open up opportunities for domestic and foreign investors, increase infrastructure spending to create jobs, reduce poverty and sustain growth.
Advances in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Prevention in Free Flaps and Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Authors: Hadzimustafic Nina , D’Elia Andrew , Duru Cagdas , Haykal Siba
Published: July 2024

In Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) prevention is of utmost importance in free flaps and vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) to continue increasing accessibility to these advanced reconstructive options. At present, free flaps and VCA undergo irreversible ischemic damage at 3 hours due to the highly metabolic nature of skeletal muscle, and static cold storage (SCS) can only extend this to 4–6 hours. It is important to understand that one of the major challenges with transplanting composite tissues is that each tissue has a unique tolerance and mechanism to ischemia-reperfusion. Research targeting attenuation of IRI can be subdivided into 3 time periods: the pre-ischemic, ischemic, and post-ischemic. In the pre-ischemic period, there are conditioning methods, the delay phenomenon, which is already used clinically, pharmacologic, and stem cell strategies. In the ischemic period, SCS is used clinically, whilst other preservation methods including cryopreservation, vitrification, machine perfusion, and pharmacologic strategies are being studied. Lastly, in the post-ischemic period, our greatest clinical tool is close post-operative monitoring, however conditioning methods, and pharmacologic strategies have been studied. This chapter covers IRI in tissues implicated in free flaps and VCA, and several prevention strategies either currently in use or in pre-clinical studies.
Grafting in Pepper to Overcome Drought, Salinity, and High Temperature
Authors: Padilla Yaiza G. , Gisbert-Mullor Ramón , López-Galarza Salvador , Calatayud Ángeles
Published: July 2024

Since the twentieth century, pepper production and consumption have increased worldwide. However, pepper-harvested area decreases every year, which is partly associated with climate change effects such as extreme temperatures, salinity, and drought. These abiotic stresses affect pepper plants by limiting photosynthesis, growth, and development; increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS); and blocking metabolic processes, among others, leading to reduced production and fruit quality. Grafting rises as an effective technique to cultivate in unfavorable environmental conditions, because crops yields increase when tolerant rootstocks are employed due to vanished stress perception in the scion. Tolerant rootstocks favor water and nutrients uptake, photosynthesis maintenance, antioxidant system and hormonal signaling activation, and gene expression regulation, facilitated by the bidirectional signal transmission between rootstock and scion. This chapter summarizes the latest advances in pepper abiotic stress mitigation by grafting: how tolerance is achieved with the help of tolerant pepper rootstocks under heat, salt, and water stress.
Salinity Stress in Plants: Challenges in View of Physiological Aspects
Authors: Majidian Parastoo , Ghorbani Hamidreza
Published: July 2024

Increasing the worldwide population, the food supply has become a global crisis due to the existence of various environmental stresses. Salinity after drought is one of the devastating environmental stresses that affects about 50% of the world’s agricultural lands. It is considered as one of the important abiotic stresses that cause plant growth restriction in different stages such as seed germination, photosynthesis, hormonal regulation, nutrient uptake, and seed quality and quantity. Under salinity conditions, plants undergo numerous changes as morphological (early flowering, prevention of lateral shoot development, and root adaptations), physiological (Na+/K+ discrimination, osmotic adjustment, ion homeostasis, and stomatal responses), and biochemical (accumulation of polyamines, antioxidant activity, proline, and change the hormone level). With the ever-increasing expansion of saline lands and highly costs spending for their rehabilitation, the preparation of high-yielding lines/genotypes tolerant to salinity will be of particular importance. Being aware of various pathways involved in plant resistance to salinity stress can be an effective tool to increase crop production and cultivated area in different parts of the world.
Management of Ethical University Brand Promotion on the International Markets
Authors: Timokhina Galina , Koryagina Inga
Published: July 2024

The export of Russian education is linked to promoting universities internationally. Following ethical standards when promoting a brand strengthens its image, reputation, and attractiveness to foreign students. This chapter identifies issues with marketing communications between Russian universities and international students. It proposes a model for managing ethical brand promotion conceptually and practically. Desk research methods were used, including synthesis, traditional content analysis, and interdisciplinary assessment. The conceptual level manages ethical promotion through social/ethical marketing from three perspectives: caring for current and future students, applying values to educational services, and legal brand responsibility. The practical level uses social/ethical tools like PR and integrated communications ethically. Recommendations were expressed by (1) in detailing approaches to social and ethical marketing based on segmentation of foreign students according to priority individual and cultural values, and behavior patterns of students from different generations Y and Z when choosing a university, based on differentiated brand positioning for target segments; (2) in the systematization of international and Russian regulatory documents establishing the rules of ethical marketing communications; (3) in systematizing the ethical principles of brand promotion via the Internet and digital channels; and (4) in developing activities that allow universities to ensure confidentiality in marketing communications with the brand’s target audience.
Correcting Miscarriages of Justice: Innocence Project Croatia
Authors: Primorac Damir , Sokanovic Lucija , Bozhinovski Andrej
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the essence and activities of Innocence Projects and the broader Innocence Movement in the United States and Europe, adopting positive practices for potential amendments to Croatian legislation to protect the rights of wrongfully convicted persons as a special group of victims. Furthermore, it examines the opportunities and obstacles in conducting postconviction DNA testing within Croatian law. Furthermore, it showcases preliminary findings from field research conducted across four county courts in Croatia, highlighting challenges in establishing new evidence (“novum”) and reopening criminal cases. The methodology integrates various approaches: the historical method traces the evolution of Innocence Projects in the US and Europe; the theoretical method provides an analytical framework for understanding the principles underpinning the Innocence Movement and common reasons for miscarriages of justice; the comparative method contrasts operational models in adversarial and continental law systems; the normative method details Croatian laws on DNA evidence; and the case-study method reviews judicial practices in the County Courts of Split, Rijeka, Osijek, and Zadar. The research spans cases from 2011 to 2021 and includes semistructured interviews with judges to explore challenges in renewing criminal procedures, issues with DNA evidence, and the implications of current legislation. The paper is divided into three parts: the first part introduces the origins, nature, and scope of Innocence Projects in the US and Europe; the second part focuses on the Croatian Innocence Project and relevant laws; and the third part presents field research findings, court practices, and Supreme Court positions regarding the novum criteria. The final chapter summarizes practices and experiences, offering recommendations and conclusions.
Emergency Department Blood Pressure Treatment and Outcomes in Adults Presenting with Severe Hypertension
Authors: Chaudhry Farhan , Small Eliana , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Benyas Dana , Ross Lydia , Hill Alex B. , Vahia Amit , McNaughton Candace , Levy Phillip , Miller Joseph B.
Published: July 2024

Background: Patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with severe hypertension deﬁned as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥180 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic (DBP) ≥120 (mm Hg) without evidence of acute end-organ damage are often deemed high risk and treated acutely in the ED. However, there is a dearth of evidence from large studies with long-term follow-up for the assessment of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We conducted the largest study to date of patients presenting with severe hypertension to identify predictors of MACE and examine whether blood pressure at discharge is associated with heightened risk. Methods: We enrolled ED patients with a SBP of 180–220 mm Hg but without signs of end-organ damage and followed them for one year. The primary outcome was MACE within one year of discharge. Secondarily, we performed a propensity-matched analysis to test whether SBP ≤160 mm Hg at discharge was associated with reduced MACE at 30 days. Results: A total of 12,044 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of MACE within one year was 1,865 (15.5%). Older age, male gender, history of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, smoking, presentation with chest pain, altered mental status, dyspnea, treatment with intravenous and oral hydralazine, and oral metoprolol were independent predictors for one-year MACE. Additionally, discharge with an SBP ≤160 mm Hg was not associated with 30-day MACE-free survival after propensity matching (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% conﬁdence interval 0.78–1.25, P = 0.92). Conclusion: One-year MACE was relatively common in our cohort of ED patients with severe hypertension without acute end-organ damage. However, discharge blood pressure was not associated with 30-day or one-year MACE, suggesting that BP reduction in and of itself is not beneﬁcial in such patients.
Relationship Between Health Literacy Level and the Adoption of Preventive Behaviors Against Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Javadifar Nahid , Akhormi Fatemeh , Ghanbari Saeed , Mirzaki Zahra
Published: July 2024

Background: Health literacy skills play a pivotal role in adopting preventive behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed emphasis on health-oriented behaviors, and health literacy is considered one of the most influential indicators affecting health-centric behaviors. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the level of health literacy and the adoption of preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among students at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz. Methods: In this study, the research population comprised 223 newly enrolled students from seven main faculties at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz in the year 2022. Participants were randomly selected, and data collection instruments included a COVID-19 prevention questionnaire and a health literacy questionnaire for adults. The questionnaire links and study participation consent forms were sent to the participants. Inclusion criteria consisted of willingness and consent to participate in the study, and enrollment in the first year of study (either the first or second semester) in various academic levels at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. The exit criteria were defined as failure to respond to more than 5% of the questions. After data collection, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient tests, and regression analysis were employed using SPSS software for data analysis. Results: The findings revealed that women, married individuals, employed participants, and those with underlying health conditions obtained higher scores in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 and health literacy. Regression coefficients indicated that a one-unit increase in health literacy scores could lead to a 0.439-unit increase in preventive behaviors against COVID-19. According to correlation analysis, a positive, direct, and significant correlation existed among all dimensions of health literacy and preventive behaviors against COVID-19 (P < 0.05), with the behavioral dimension being the only significant predictor of preventive behaviors. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the behavioral dimension score could result in a 0.373-unit increase in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results showed that health literacy is directly related to COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Therefore, to promote preventive behaviors against infectious diseases, special attention should be paid to health literacy and its influential dimensions. Recognizing the importance of advancing health literacy across various dimensions can significantly contribute to the control and prevention of communicable diseases.
Self-Reported Methamphetamine Use Versus Biological Testing Among Treatment-Seeking Patients
Authors: Gholami Jaleh , Ardeshir Maryam , Rostam-Abadi Yasna , Baheshmat Shahab , Shadloo Behrang , Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
Published: July 2024

Background: The validity of self-reported methamphetamine use among treatment-seeking patients has been reported as inconsistent and therefore inconclusive. Objectives: To evaluate the validity of self-reported methamphetamine use versus urinalysis in patients with methamphetamine use disorder at a drug treatment center. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 71 individuals with methamphetamine use disorder who were referred to the Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) clinic. Self-reported methamphetamine use in the last 72 hours was compared to urinalysis, conducted using the immunoassay technique. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), Cohen's kappa statistics, percent agreement, and positive percent agreement were estimated. Results: Only 24.6% of participants reported methamphetamine use during treatment. Self-reported methamphetamine use had a sensitivity of 50.0% and a NPV of 86.0%. The percent agreement, positive percent agreement, and Cohen's kappa statistic between self-reported use and the urine test were 86.0%, 42.8%, and 52.4%, respectively. No significant factors were found to be associated with the agreement between self-reported use and the urine test. Conclusions: The validity of self-reported methamphetamine use appears to be relatively acceptable and can be used with caution for monitoring treatment.
The Utilization of Outpatient Health Services and the Associated Factors Among the Older Adults Covered by Comprehensive Health Service Centers in Rasht
Authors: Nejadghasem Mohadeseh , Asiri Shahla , Emami Sigaroudi Abdolhosein , Kazemnezhad Leyli Ehsan
Published: July 2024

Background: The increase in the older adult population has resulted in a higher demand for outpatient health services and subsequently increased costs paid by older adults. Objectives: This study conducted in Rasht aimed to determine the utilization of outpatient health services among older adults covered by comprehensive health service centers and the factors associated with it. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 384 older adults aged 60 years and older covered by comprehensive health service centers. The sampling method was stratified random sampling based on consecutive sampling. The information required was collected through a researcher-made two-part questionnaire, including individual-social characteristics and outpatient services, via interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. The significance level of the tests was considered to be P < 0.05. Results: The results showed that 82.8% of the older adults required outpatient services and 90.9% of them actually received these services. Out of the total, 65.1% went to private sector facilities, 17% to public facilities, and the remaining 18% visited facilities in both sectors. The main reasons for not utilizing outpatient services were the lack of money and the inability to pay. Factors such as place of residence (P = 0.014, OR = 2.417), the presence of chronic disorders (P = 0.047, OR = 1.689), health status (P = 0.012, OR = 0.619), and education level (P = 0.05, OR = 0.763) were found to be associated with the utilization of outpatient services. Conclusions: Two-thirds of the sample had chronic diseases, most of them received outpatient services from the private sector, and about 75% of those who did not receive the service could not afford the costs. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of outpatient services in the public sector and enhance their accessibility. Some individuals were unaware of health screenings for older adults in the comprehensive health services centers, so informing them about these services can be useful in promoting their utilization by older adults and reducing the costs of outpatient services.
The Effect of Token Economy on Managing Aggression in Adults and Adolescents with Mental Disorders: A Recent Review
Authors: Ghojoghi Fatemeh , Hojati Abed Elahe , Khalaf Beigi Mitra , Mahboubi Esmaeil
Published: July 2024

Context: Individuals with mental illness may exhibit aggression due to psychological instability. The Token Economy is a behavioral approach that aims to achieve desired changes by using tokens as reinforcements. Objectives: This study investigates the effectiveness of token reinforcement in reducing aggressive behavior in mentally ill patients and identifies the factors that enhance the effectiveness of the Token Economy program. Evidence Acquisition: A search for studies was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science using several keywords, including "Contingency Management," "Token Reinforcement," "Token Economy," "behavioral disorder," "mental disorder," "aggression," "violence," "disruptive behavior," and "challenging behavior." The search focused on articles published from 2003 to 2023 that included the implementation of token reinforcement in various settings for managing aggression. Results: A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. After reviewing these studies, several factors were identified as responsible for the program's effectiveness. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (2011) were used to evaluate the studies. Of the 12 studies, two were rated as strong quality, one as moderate, and nine as weak quality. Additionally, three studies were classified as level 2, one as level 3, and eight as level 4, indicating significant methodological limitations. Conclusions: Generally, 9 studies supported the effectiveness of the Token Economy in managing aggression in adults and adolescents with mental illness. This approach can be useful in the modern rehabilitation and education of individuals with aggressive behavior. We recommend further studies with higher methodological quality to examine the generalizability and transferability of the results.
ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЗНАНИЙ ДЛЯ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА: К НОВОМУ УРОВНЮ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА
Authors: Сметана В.В.
Published: July 2024

Данная статья исследует влияние цифровизации знаний на возможности искусственного интеллекта (ИИ). В ней анализируется, как доступ к огромным объемам оцифрованной информации расширяет потенциал искусственного интеллекта в таких областях, как обработка естественного языка, распознавание образов и решение проблем. В статье также рассматривается возможность того, что искусственный интеллект превзойдет человеческий интеллект в отдельных задачах, и обсуждаются перспективы и потенциальные последствия создания общего искусственного интеллекта (ОИИ). Подчеркивается важность ответственного подхода к развитию искусственного интеллекта для обеспечения его безопасного и благотворного влияния на человечество.
МАСШТАБ КАК КЛЮЧ К УСПЕШНОМУ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЮ ОТ ДЕТАЛЕЙ К МОНУМЕНТАМ
Authors: Шайхутдинова С.А.
Published: July 2024

Работа затрагивает важность учета масштаба и размеров в процессе проектирования. В архитектуре, градостроительстве и производстве машин значимость масштаба всегда была очевидна, однако в сфере проектирования этот аспект часто игнорируется. Также обсуждается, что проектирование, особенно на ранних этапах, стремится к радикальным изменениям и выходу за пределы уже исследованных областей. Однако такой переход может быть затруднен из-за нехватки привычных методов и инструментов, особенно это заметно в контексте архитектуры.
Mind-to-Mind Communication and the Case of Inter-mental Occasionalism
Authors: Henkel Christian ,   Saint Louis University
Published: July 2024

This article studies the communication between pure minds (angels, demons, and separated souls) on occasionalist grounds, or in terms of (as I shall call it) inter-mental occasionalism. Inter-mental occasionalism has been overlooked by historians and perhaps taken for a purely logical possibility. To close this lacuna, this article presents three case studies of inter-mental occasionalism: (1) Géraud de Cordemoy (1626–1684), (2) Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715), and (3) the early Christian Wolff (1679–1754). Overall, this article shows that occasionalism has been a popular account of mental causation just as much as physical causation.
Is Hope More Like Faith or More Like Worry?
Authors: Vazard Juliette ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2024

There has been a renewed interest in the role of hope for our ability to act rationally under uncertainty, where accounts have tended to focus on either one of two (apparently contradictory) aspects of this attitude. On the one hand, like faith, hope is viewed as an attitude which grants us resolve and determination to continue striving towards uncertain goals. On the other hand, like worry, hope is also viewed as a process in which we cognitively engage with possible futures, motivated to reduce the epistemic uncertainty surrounding the occurrence of goal-relevant outcomes. I spell out how an emotional account of the psychological nature of hope is able to accommodate both of these claims, as well as classic challenges (such as cases of “recalcitrant hopes”). Within this framework, hope is both a positive emotion (it consistently evaluates its object as good) and also an “emotion of uncertainty” or epistemic emotion, through which we apprehend that a given goal-relevant outcome is possible, albeit uncertain.
Digital Twins Empower Higher Education
Authors: Lei JING , Song Jia-Qing , Wang Ji-Yan
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the application of digital twin technology in higher education and its enabling effect. Through literature review and case studies, this paper studies the generation, basic concepts, technical frameworks, and application scenarios, e.g., in higher education, of digital twins. The results show that digital twin technology can significantly improve the teaching quality and learning effect and optimize educational resource allocation and management efficiency. This paper also discusses the challenges of digital twin technology and the prospects for future development in higher education. It provides new ideas and practical paths for the digital transformation of higher education.
Innovation of Praktis (Praktek Istima') Application in Improving Istima' Skills for Arabic Students in Stain Bengkalis
Authors: Susanti Triana ,   STAIN Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia, Efendi Aprijon , Masrun Masrun , Roinah Roinah , Chanifuddin Chanifuddin , Ulfa Marhamah , Suyanto Edi , Al Asadullah Salahudin , Rahmadani Sri ,   State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, Riau, Indonesia,   State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, Riau, Indonesia,   STAIN Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia,   STAIN Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia,   STAIN Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia,   STAIN Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia,   STAIN Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia,   STAIN Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Praktis (Praktek Istima') Application is an application that can be used as a learning medium for Istima's proficiency. This development research aims to produce valid and effective Praktis (Praktek Istima') applications. This study uses Praktis (Praktek Istima') Application with material from the book al-'Arabiyyah Baina Yadaiki li Ghairi Nathiqina Biha, the book of the beginning, Kitab alif by Dr Abd ar-Rahman Bin Ibrahim al-Fawzan. This research was conducted using the Plomp development model integrated with the Luther development model. The subjects of this study were students of the Arabic Language Study Program in the second semester of STAIN Bengkalis. Two data collection techniques are used in this study, namely, validity obtained through validation by material and media validators and effectiveness in increasing Istima's proficiency from the test. The results showed that the average validity value for the material was 3.8, and the average value was 3.75. The effectiveness of the Praktis (Praktek Istima') Application in increasing students' Istima Proficiency based on the results of hypothesis testing (T-Test) in the table above shows that the significance value is 0.000, which is less than 0.05.
Teachers' Perceptions about Environmental Management Indoor Learning at Pembina 1 Bantan State Kindergarten.
Authors: Prastantia Opi ,   STAIN Bengkalis, Munawarah Siti , Anggia Dini ,   STAIN Bengkalis,   STAIN Bengkalis
Published: July 2024

Teacher perception is the process of receiving information in the form of opinions or responses that are born through a process of observation and experience and then interpreted in order to create learning that suits needs. Indoor Learning Environment Management is part of the process of coordinating various environmental components that can influence facilities properly. An indoor learning environment or what can also be called an indoor learning room is a place where children study inside a building. This research aims to find out how teachers perceive the management of the indoor learning environment and to find out what efforts teachers perceive in optimizing the management of the indoor learning environment at the Pembina 1 Bantan State Kindergarten. The number of respondents in this study was 14 respondents using a non-probability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research with data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires and documentation. It was found that the teacher's perception regarding the management of the indoor learning environment at the Pembina 1 Bantan State Kindergarten was said to be very good because it was at a percentage interval of 81.78% for the teacher perception variable (X) and 81.80% for the Indoor Learning Environment Management variable.
Fundamentos e práticas jornalísticas
Authors: Marocco Beatriz , Domingo David , de Assis Francisco , Durazo-Herrmann Julián , da Silva Marcos Paulo , dos Santos Marli , Figaro Roseli
Published: July 2024

O jornalismo está em crise? Existem fundamentos das práticas jornalísticas, que se mantém com a experiência de aceleração do tempo, a plataformização do conteúdo, a ditadura das métricas? Por aulas-entrevistas, este livro traz reflexões singulares de especialistas em jornalismo. Aqui você encontra uma análise exclusiva sobre as teorias de Bourdieu e Latour, com foco no jornalismo; reflexões sobre as práticas jornalísticas, funções do jornalismo no Brasil, o lugar da autoria no jornalismo, inovações tecnológicas destas práticas. Neste livro, encontra ainda uma análise notável sobre periodicidade e ‘regimes de publicação’, a lógica da noticiabilidade e influência da cultura local nesta. Por fim, um diagnóstico especializado sobre as teorias de gênero de Marques de Melo e Chaparro e uma atualização de critérios de definição de gênero jornalístico. Este livro se dedica os elementos fundamentais das práticas jornalísticas e estas enquanto fazer social culturalmente marcado.
Edukasi Pangan, Cemilan Aman Dan Sehat Di SMA Maitreyawira Kota Batam
Authors: Gunawan Agung Arif , Saputra Eryd , Nuryanto Heri , Hermanto Marsha Priscilla
Published: July 2024

Education regarding the consumption of safe, healthy and quality food and snacks in the school environment is important for the government and related stakeholders, especially the generation with an age range of 15-18 years who of course have a tendency to consume junk food, whether it is snacks in the environment. school (canteen). It is important to provide education regarding the provision of safe and healthy food and snacks in the school environment, where school children have a tendency to consume unhealthy food or junk food around them which is currently widespread in the city of Batam. Therefore, there is a need for communication between related parties, including government, academics, industry and society; to achieve the goal of safe, quality and nutritious food circulating in society. The aims and messages to be conveyed in this Community Service activity include that the role of education is not only to provide intellectual education, but can also pay attention to the health of school students, including the food they consume.
Pelatihan Barista Untuk Siswa-Siswi Di SMK Al-Azhar Batam
Authors: Dailami  , Syafruddin Rais  , Tito Pratama  , Natal Olotua Sipayung  , Ardiansyah Saputra
Published: July 2024

PKM Lecturer Activities About Barista Training is a program designed to provide participants with in-depth training in the skills and knowledge needed to become a skilled and professional barista. This training not only covers basic techniques in coffee making, but also advanced aspects such as latte art, knowledge of different types of coffee beans, and skills in serving coffee to customers to the highest standards. The main objectives of this training are. Mastery of Coffee Making Techniques: Teaches participants about basic techniques such as grinding coffee beans, choosing the right tools and machines, perfect espresso extraction, and milk steaming techniques. Latte Art Skills Development: Introduce and train participants in latte art which includes latte art, which is a technique for creating interesting patterns or images on the surface of coffee with milk. Knowledge about Coffee Beans: Educate participants about various types of coffee beans, processing processes, and how to choose the right beans to produce coffee with the best taste and aroma. Professional Customer Service: Prepares participants to be able to provide friendly and professional customer service, including how to communicate with customers and manage their expectations. Compliance with Hygiene and Safety Standards: Ensure that participants understand and implement high standards of cleanliness and safety in their daily operations, including sanitation of equipment and work areas. Barista training is usually held in a variety of formats, ranging from intensive workshops to more structured courses of varying duration. This program is aimed at individuals interested in starting a career as a professional barista, cafe owner, or anyone looking to improve their skills in the fast-growing coffee industry.