bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocalisation rates of the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis)
Authors: Matthews J. N. , Brown S. , Gillespie D. , Johnson M. , McLanaghan R. , Moscrop A. , Nowacek D. , Leaper R. , Lewis T. , Tyack P.
Published: May 2023

Vocalisation rates were measured from North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in spring 1999-2000 in the Great South Channel and off Cape Cod, USA, and in summer 1999-2000 in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Vocalisations were classed as either ‘moans’, ‘low-frequency (LF) calls’ or ‘gunshots’. Towed hydrophone recordings (36.1 hours) were made in 21 encounters where loose aggregations of right whales were within about 1,000m. Recordings were also made using acoustic tags attached by suction cups to ten different whales (29.5 hours). Tags also recorded depth data. Moan rates (sounds per aggregation per hour) were correlated with size of whale aggregation. Individual whales produced moans at ~ 0-10 per hour (recorded from tags and the towed hydrophone). Small aggregations (2-10) gave higher moan rates (usually < ~ 60 per hr) and larger aggregations ( > 10) higher still ( ~ 70-700 per hr) (recorded from towed hydrophone). Results from the Bay of Fundy indicate high moan rates at night. Moans were usually produced in clusters. Tag data showed that moans were usually produced when whales were within about 10m of the surface. A passive acoustic system could potentially provide supplementary information on the distribution of aggregations of right whales. This could be useful for management (1) in the long term, by aiding the prediction of right whale distribution, or (2) as a real-time tool for helping to route shipping away from concentrations of right whales. The empirical evidence presented here on vocalisation rates will assist in assessing feasibility. The clustering of moans and the tendency to produce them near the surface could hamper detection and localisation efforts. Further research is underway to investigate other important practical issues such as detectability and source levels.
Trends in dolphin abundance estimated from fisheries data: A cautionary note
Authors: Lennert-Cody Cleridy E. , Buckland Stephen T. , Marques Fernanda F. C.
Published: May 2023

The previously published index of relative abundance of the northeastern offshore stock of spotted dolphins, the species most affected by the purse-seine fishery for tunas in the eastern Pacific Ocean, shows a decreasing trend in the last two decades despite dramatic reductions in incidental mortality since the early 1970s. To better understand the behaviour of this index, the effects of changes in data quality and methods of searching on estimation of relative abundance using current methodologies have been studied here. Changes in data quality since the late 1980s have led to a dramatic reduction in the proportion of sightings that are reported on or near the trackline. The decreasing trend in the index in the late 1970s and through the 1980s is strongly influenced by the fit of the detection function to the high proportion of sightings near the trackline that was present in the data during that time period. If this excess of sightings near the trackline is spurious, then much of the decreasing trend in the index over this time period is likely spurious. In addition, part of the decrease in the index in the late 1980s to mid-1990s is probably due to changes in data-collection biases that result from a dramatic increase in the amount of searching that is currently being carried out using helicopters as compared to high-powered binoculars. The results suggest that trends in bias associated with changes in data quality and fishery operations may have contributed to a trend in the index on the order of 1.0-1.5% per year, or approximately 25-33% of the maximum growth rate of the northeastern stock of offshore spotted dolphin. The pervasive nature of these sources of bias, and their potential magnitude relative to the maximum growth rates of the dolphin species involved, make use of this index in population growth models ill-advised. Fishery-derived indices such as these may be most useful for comparing trends in relative abundance between species, when the sources of biases are unlikely to be species-specific.
A note on the spatial distribution of western gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) off Sakhalin Island, Russia in 1998
Authors: Weller David H. , Reeve Susan H. , Burdin Alexander M. , Wursig Bernd , Brownell Jr. Robert L.
Published: May 2023

Three aerial surveys were conducted along a portion of the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia between August and September 1998. They were conducted to examine the spatial distribution of western gray whales on their feeding grounds, and in relation to current and planned industrial activity. A total of 32 gray whale groups, consisting of 38 whales, was sighted during the surveys. Group sizes ranged from 1-3 individuals (mean = 1.2, SD = 0.54), with 87.5% (n = 28) composed of single whales. All groups detected were within 5km of the shore and 93.8% (n = 30) were sighted inside 4km. Sighting locations ranged from 0.6-4.8km offshore, with an overall mean distance from shore of 2.5km (SD = 1.11). These data suggest that western gray whales feed primarily in waters less than 20m deep and relatively close to shore. The nutrient-rich effluent from a large coastal lagoon is believed to significantly enrich the near-shore benthic environment of the northeastern Sakhalin Island coast, creating an area of particularly high food availability, and in turn contributing to the near-shore affinity of gray whales observed during this study.
Gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) at calving sites in the Gulf of California, México
Authors: Findley Lloyd T. , Vidal Omar
Published: May 2023

Records of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) at and near their two known calving sites in the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortés), México, are reviewed up to 1995. The sites of Tojahui/Yavaros (Sonora) and Bahía Santa María (Sinaloa) represented the most distant calving grounds regularly visited by the species. Prior observations (mainly in the 1950s and 1960s) revealed relatively small but seasonally consistent numbers of whales, with maximum counts, including calves, of 30 individuals at Bahía Santa María in 1954, and 17-19 at Tojahui/Yavaros in 1955, 1963 and 1971. Observations (initiated in 1979) as well as interviews with longtime local residents and fishermen, document a decline in numbers and occupancy times of whales, especially cow/calf pairs, visiting these sites. In contrast, 19th century whaling records indicate that many more gray whales were found seasonally along these coasts. The recent decline, leading to the apparent disappearance, is likely to be due to human-induced disturbances related to accelerated regional socio-economic development, with associated increases in artisanal and industrial fishing activities and other forms of maritime traffic. Within less than four decades of their ‘discovery’, it appears that no gray whales have returned to calve at these sites since the mid-1980s. Barring an unlikely change in regional fishing practices, this apparent abandonment of calving sites on the northwest coast of mainland México suggests that any anticipated further increase in population size of the eastern North Pacific stock may be unwarranted
Estimated trends in abundance of eastern Pacific gray whales from shore counts (1967/68 to 1995/96)
Authors: Buckland S. T. , Breiwick J. M.
Published: May 2023

Estimates of abundance of eastern Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) are obtained from counts made during their southbound migration past a shore-based station near Monterey, California. Assuming an exponential rate of increase, the population is estimated to have increased at 2.5% per annum (SE = 0.3%) between 1967/68 and 1995/96. However, there is some indication that the population growth is slowing, so that an asymptotic growth curve may be more appropriate. The estimated asymptote from a logistic model is 26,046 (SE = 6,281) and the inflection point is approximately in 1971 (SE = 6.5). The onset of the migration, when 10% of the whales have passed the station, has occurred increasingly later through this sample period, by approximately one day every two years. Median dates show a similar trend of roughly one day every three years. However, there is no significant change in the date at which 90% of whales have passed the station.
Dynamic response analysis for the eastern North Pacific gray whale population: an alternative approach
Authors: Butterworth D. S. , Borchers D. L. , Punt A. E.
Published: May 2023

Gerrodette and DeMaster (1990) conclude that dynamic response analysis indicates that the gray whale population passed through its maximum net productivity level (MNPL, approximately equivalent to MSY level) between 1967 and 1980. Their conclusion is examined using models for population trends which permit a point of inflection; these are fitted globally to the time series of census estimates available up to 1987-88. A cubic and a logistic model are used. The cubic model results indicate with almost 100% confidence that the population passed through MNPL within two years of 1973-74. However, both this conclusion and that of Gerrodette and DeMaster are considered to be unreliable. This is because the curves fitted by both analyses correspond to markedly decreasing population sizes over parts of the periods to which they apply. This is inconsistent with plausible population dynamics behaviour, which is itself an underlying pre-requisite for dynamic response analysis methodology. A suggestion is made as to how applications of dynamic response analysis methodology such as that of Boveng et al. (1988) could be adapted to ensure the necessary respect of such constraints. Results of a parametric bootstrap procedure for confidence interval estimation applied to the logistic model indicate that the probability that the population passed through MNPL during the period of the censuses is not large. The census data are scarcely adequate to allow for reliable estimates of the curvature of the population trajectory to be made. The logistic model dynamic response analysis indicates that there is a somewhat greater likelihood that the gray whale population was below rather than above its MNPL in 1990, given the data available at the time.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI PERKALIAN MELALUI MEDIA PERMAINAN ULAR TANGGA DI SDN KARANG NANGKAH 01
Authors: Inas Mufidatul , Setyawan Agung
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan media permainan ular tangga berpengaruh untuk dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi perkalian kelas III di SDN KARANG NANGKAH 01 . penelitian ini dilakukan guna untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas III di SDN KARANG NANGKAH 01 dengan menggunakan media permainan ular tangga. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara 2 siklus . peneliti menggunakan desain penelitian model Kurt Lewin . desain penelitian ini mempunyai 4 aspek yaitu : a). Perencanaan/Planning b). Tindakan/acting c). Pengamatan/Observing d). refleksi/Reflecting . Pelaksanaan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini dilaksanakan di SDN KARANG NANGKAH 01 . Peneliti mengambil penelitian di kelas III pada mata pelajaran Matematika SD. Sekolah ini terletak di Dusun Karang Nangkah, Kec. Blega, Kabupaten Bangkalan, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Siswa kelas III berjumlah sebanyak 15 siswa. Terdiri dari 10 siswi perempuan dan 5 siswa laki-laki. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa sebelum menggunakan media permainan, minat dan hasil belajar siswa dapat dikatakan rendah yang semula pada prasiklus 58,6% meningkat menjadi 72,6% di siklus 1 dan mengalami peningkatan dan dapat tercapai nya hasil belajar matematika yang meningkat menjadi 84,6% . dengan demikian, hasil yang diperoleh telah mencapai keberhasilan. dan diharapkan setelah adanya penelitian ini guru dapat menerapkan metode permainan ular tangga pada pelajaran matematika materi perkalian agar dapat menarik minat siswa serta dapat mengembangkannya menjadi permainan yang lebih menarik atau menciptakan permainan yang mengandung materi yang membuat siswa aktif dalam pembelajaran.
An Examination of Research on Cartoons and Value Education Using Systematic Review Methodology
Authors: GÜLTEN Zülal
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to examine the studies on cartoons and value education by systematic compilation method. In the study, 14 articles and 14 theses published between 2013-2022 were examined. Researches; publication year, publication type, purpose, method/pattern, sample level, sample size, watched cartoons, number of episodes, data collection tools, data analysis method, results and suggestions were examined in accordance with the themes. According to the reviews, it was concluded that the researches were concentrated in 2019 and that they were similar in terms of publication type, purpose, pattern, data collection tools and the cartoons examined. Results; showed that positive values ​​were more dominant and negative values ​​were less. According to the results obtained, suggestions were made to parents, teachers, researchers and publishers.
Properties of Sustainable Concrete Containing Different Percentages and Particles of Oil Palm Ash as Partial Sand Replacement
Authors: Abdul Aziz Farah Nora Aznieta , Noor Abbas Al-Ghazali , Min Law Kay , Aramugam Kalaiyarasi , Mohd Nasir Noor Azline , Hua Law Teik
Published: May 2023

Oil palm shell (OPS) in concrete is well studied as an alternative material of fine aggregate in concrete, as a way to use agricultural waste, and helps to contribute to environmental sustainability and economical construction cost. However, OPS addition will lead to lower properties of the concrete, and much research focuses on treating the OPS to overcome it. Many previous works focused on replacement without examining the effect of different particle sizes of OPS. Hence, this study focuses on the performance of concrete with different particle sizes of OPS as sand replacers in concrete at 25% and 50%. The physical and permeability properties of concrete prepared with OPS particle sizes in the ranges between 600μm to 4.75mm (L), 300μm to 1.18mm (M), and of less than 600μm (S) and two different percentages of 25% and 50% by weight as sand replacement are examined. More than 200 cubes, cylinders, and prisms were tested to determine their physical, mechanical, and permeability properties. The workability was measured by the slump height, the mechanical properties by the compressive strength test, flexural strength test, splitting tensile test, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test, and rebound hammer test. While the permeability properties by the water penetration test, sorptivity test, and rapid chloride permeability test. The findings showed that increasing the particle sizes of OPS would reduce concrete’s physical and permeability properties. The optimum OPS particle size for structural concrete grade 30 is less than 600μm. With OPS particles of 600um, green concrete using OPS can be made for medium to low-strength applications in the construction industry.
Graphene Functionalized Carbon Felt/Graphite Felt Fabrication as Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRBs): A Review
Authors: Yi Lih Teo Ellie , Marzuki Omar Faruqi , Chong Kwok Feng
Published: May 2023

The growth in the development of renewable energy sources has led to tremendous attention to the research in energy storage systems. One of the electrochemical energy storage systems that have shown great potential to be used on a large scale is vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs), as they possess flexible designs, long life cycles, and high energy density. Carbon felts (CF), and graphite felts (GF) have commonly been used as electrodes in VRBs. To improve market penetration using VRB technology, researchers have focused on electrode modifications to increase the power density and rate capabilities of VRBs. One of the carbon-based modifications which have shown significant improvements in the performance of VRBs is the use of graphene, which has outstanding electrochemical and physical characteristics as an electrocatalyst. In this review, electrochemical, physical, and other methods which have been reported in the graphene functionalization of graphite felt/carbon felt are discussed. The working principle and limiting methods were elaborated on and discussed for each method. Finally, recommendations for future developments are also highlighted.
Adaptive Density Control Based on Random Sensing Range for Energy Efficiency in IoT Sensor Networks
Authors: Bajaber Fuad
Published: May 2023

IoT sensor networks enable long-term environmental monitoring. Most environmental applications require sensor node data gathering to satisfy application objectives. Therefore, sensing range optimization is a significant element in prolonging the lifetime of IoT sensor networks and saving energy. This study proposes an adaptive density control based on random sensing range (ADCR). It can reduce data redundancy by selecting several active and hybrid nodes in a sensing field. Thus, reducing redundancy power consumption will maximize the network lifetime. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of density control based on the random sensing range.
A Survey on Recent Advancements in Auto-Machine Learning with a Focus on Feature Engineering
Authors: S Ravishankar , Battineni Gopi
Published: May 2023

A study on the recent trends and progress in the area of Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) is done in detail in this paper. AutoML deals with the end-to-end automation of various steps in a machine-learning pipeline. Some of the steps include feature selection, feature engineering, neural architecture search, hyperparameter optimization, and model selection. The time and the specialized skill set required to perform these tasks may be reduced to some extent with the help of automating all or some of these steps. Thus, a lot of research is going on in the area of AutoML and the recent research articles add justice to the same. A review of existing literature on AutoML with a focus on feature engineering is presented in this paper to assist scientists in building better machine learning models "off the shelf" without extensive data science experience. The use of AutoML in different sectors will also be discussed, as will existing applications of AutoML. A review of published papers, accompanied by describing work in AutoML from a computer science perspective was conducted. 
 
Received: 1 February 2023 | Revised: 22 April 2023 | Accepted: 15 May 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Ravishankar S: Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Gopi Battineni: Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
Why Don't Women Prefer Vaginal Birth?: The Case of Turkey
Authors: TURAN Ayşenur , BİLGİÇ Fatma Şule , YILDIZ KARAAHMET Aysu
Published: May 2023

Objective: It was aimed to determine the reasons why women did not prefer Vaginal Delivery.

Methods: This is research cross-sectional in descriptive type. The STROBE statement was used in the planning, implementation, and reporting of the study design. The research was carried out in a private hospital in Turkey, between April 2021-2022. It was conducted with 347 women aged 18-45 years who were not pregnant, and who wanted Caesarean section for their planned pregnancy. The data were obtained by "Obtaining Information Form" and the "The Vaginal Delivery Preference Inventory-TVDPI".

Results: The TVDPI score was found to be correlated with education status, previous delivery, the effect of obtaining information about cesarean section, and the effect of witnessing vaginal delivery. It was determined that a one-unit increase in the age and number of the delivery parameters would lead to a decrease of 0.025 points in the probability of affecting TVDPI scores. Women's education level, previous delivery, and obtaining information about delivery patterns affect their delivery preferences.

Conclusions: The education level of women, their previous births and their knowledge about the mode of delivery affect their birth preferences. In the choice of birth, the woman should be considered as a whole with her environment and the culture in which she lives.
Dignidade humana e neurodireitos na era digital
Authors: Flores Filho Edgar Gastón Jacobs , Firmo Marina de Castro
Published: May 2023

Este artigo aborda os neurodireitos, enfatizando a necessidade de proteger a dignidade humana diante dos avanços das neurotecnologias e inteligência artificial. A análise define e classifica os neurodireitos e discute a evolução dos estudos e classificações desses direitos, bem como as regulamentações existentes e propostas. A conclusão destaca que a dignidade humana está sendo desafiada por novas técnicas que podem dificultar o exercício da autonomia e agência humana, tornando fundamental a regulação e a reflexão crítica sobre os impactos dessas tecnologias nos direitos humanos. O artigo ressalta a importância da educação e conscientização sobre os possíveis efeitos das neurotecnologias, assim como o estabelecimento de políticas e regulamentações que promovam o desenvolvimento ético e responsável dessas tecnologias, garantindo o acesso equitativo aos seus benefícios e preservando a dignidade e autonomia humana.
Introduction: Grasping at the Past
Authors: Kehoe Marsely L.
Published: May 2023

The Dutch “Golden Age” is both a point of pride and a deeply contested
concept, increasingly discussed in scholarship and in popular conversation.
This introduction to the book explores how the “Golden Age” and art history are
intertwined, both in the past and the present, as part of Dutch collective identity.
Central to the chapter and the book are the notions first that the Dutch “Golden
Age” was a period of global expansion, and second, that as the relationship to
the seventeenth century has evolved over time, that the global and challenging
aspects of this period have been deliberately forgotten.
Gathering the Goods: Dutch Still Life
Painting and the End of the “Golden Age”
Authors: Kehoe Marsely L.
Published: May 2023

In the 1660s, as the Dutch grasp on world trade began to wane, the
subgenre of still life painting known as pronkstilleven (ostentatious still life)
developed. These sought-after paintings depicted exotic Dutch trade objects in the
Dutch home with striking illusionism. This chapter considers the irregularity of
the trade in an often-depicted exotic item, pepper, noting a public anxiety about
this trade, and offers a new reading of still life as reorganizing the far reaches of
the Dutch East India Company into a smaller domestic setting. The Dutch global
reach is revised to exist solely within the Dutch home precisely as spice monopolies
are challenged and English and French trade grows.
Simplifying the Past: Willemstad’s Historic
and Historicizing Architecture
Authors: Kehoe Marsely L.
Published: May 2023

Willemstad, the Dutch western trading capital on Curaçao in the
Caribbean, has always been a global city, with the influence of the city’s early
mixed population of Dutch settlers, Iberian Jews, and enslaved Africans. The
city’s resulting architectural heritage of Dutch-gabled townhouses, sprawling
classicizing villas, and uniquely Curaçaoan color and curves, has been
designated a UNESCO World Heritage City for precisely this multiculturalism.
These global aspects, however, have been increasingly eroded as twentieth- and
twenty-first-century architectural developments have emphasized the Dutch
contributions. This chapter questions the selective preservation and promotion
that seem to revise the global past of the city in favor of an overwhelmingly
Dutch past and proposes the townhouse as Dutch vernacular architecture’s
enduring form.
Large simulated future changes in the nitrate radical under the CMIP6 SSP scenarios: implications for oxidation chemistry
Authors: Archer-Nicholls Scott , Allen Rachel , Abraham Nathan L. , Griffiths Paul T. , Archibald Alex T.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The nitrate radical (NO3) plays an important role in the chemistry of the lower troposphere, acting as the principle oxidant during the
night together with ozone. Previous model simulations suggest that the levels of NO3 have increased dramatically since the
preindustrial period. Here, we show projections of the evolution of the NO3 radical from 1850–2100 using the United Kingdom Earth
System Model (UKESM1) under
the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6
(CMIP6) shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. Our model results highlight diverse trajectories for NO3, with some scenarios and regions undergoing rapid growth
of NO3 to unprecedented levels over the course of the 21st century and others seeing sharp declines. The local increases in NO3
(up to 40 ppt above the preindustrial base line) are driven not only by local changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides but have an important climate
component, with NO3 being favoured in warmer future climates. The changes in NO3 lead to changes in the oxidation of important
secondary organic aerosol precursors, with potential impacts on particulate matter pollution regionally and globally. This work highlights the
potential for substantial future growth in NO3 and the need to better understand the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from NO3 to accurately
predict future air quality and climate implications.
Changes in the distribution of annual maximum temperatures in Europe
Authors: Auld Graeme , Hegerl Gabriele C. , Papastathopoulos Ioannis
Published: May 2023

Abstract. In this study we detect and quantify changes in the distribution of the annual maximum daily maximum temperature (TXx)
in a large observation-based gridded data set of European daily temperature during the years 1950–2018. Several statistical models are considered, each of which analyses TXx using a generalized extreme-value (GEV) distribution with the GEV parameters varying smoothly over space.
In contrast to several previous studies which fit independent GEV models at the grid-box level, our models pull information from neighbouring grid boxes for more efficient parameter estimation. The GEV location and scale parameters are allowed to
vary in time using the log of atmospheric CO2 as a covariate.
Changes are detected most strongly in the GEV location parameter, with the TXx distributions generally shifting towards hotter temperatures. Averaged across our spatial domain, the 100-year return level of TXx based on the 2018 climate
is approximately 2 ∘C (95 % confidence interval of [2.03,2.12] ∘C) hotter than that based on the 1950 climate. Moreover, averaged across our spatial domain, the 100-year return level of TXx based on the 1950 climate corresponds approximately to a 6-year return level in the 2018 climate.
A generalized spatial autoregressive neural network method for three-dimensional spatial interpolation
Authors: Zhan Junda , Wu Sensen , Qi Jin , Zeng Jindi , Qin Mengjiao , Wang Yuanyuan , Du Zhenhong
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Spatial interpolation, a fundamental spatial analysis
method, predicts unsampled spatial data from the values of sampled points.
Generally, the core of spatial interpolation is fitting spatial weights via
spatial correlation. Traditional methods express spatial distances in a
conventional Euclidean way and conduct relatively simple spatial weight
calculation processes, limiting their ability to fit complex spatial
nonlinear characteristics in multidimensional space. To tackle these
problems, we developed a generalized spatial distance neural network (GSDNN)
unit to generally and adaptively express spatial distances in complex
feature space. By combining the spatial autoregressive neural network
(SARNN) with the GSDNN unit, we constructed a generalized spatial
autoregressive neural network (GSARNN) to perform spatial interpolation in
three-dimensional space. The GSARNN model was examined and compared with
traditional methods using two three-dimensional cases: a simulated case and
a real Argo case. The experiment results demonstrated that exploiting the
feature extraction ability of neural networks, the GSARNN achieved superior
interpolation performance and was more adaptable than inverse distance
weighted, ordinary Kriging, and SARNN methods.
FEOTS v0.0.0: a new offline code for the fast equilibration of tracers in the ocean
Authors: Schoonover Joseph , Weijer Wilbert , Zhang Jiaxu
Published: May 2023

Abstract. In this paper we introduce a new software framework for the offline calculation of tracer transport in the ocean. The Fast Equilibration of Ocean Tracers Software (FEOTS) is an end-to-end set of tools to efficiently calculate tracer distributions on a global or regional sub-domain using transport operators diagnosed from a comprehensive ocean model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of a transport matrix model to an eddying ocean state. While a Newton–Krylov-based equilibration capability is still under development and not presented here, we demonstrate in this paper the transient modeling capabilities of FEOTS in an application focused on the Argentine Basin, where intense eddy activity and the Zapiola Anticyclone lead to strong mixing of water masses. The demonstration illustrates progress in developing offline passive tracer simulation capabilities, while highlighting the challenges of the impulse response functions approach in capturing tracer transports by a non-linear advection scheme. Our future work will focus on improving the computational efficiency of the code to reduce time-to-solution, using different basis functions to better represent non-linear advection operators, applying FEOTS to a parent model with unstructured grids (Ocean Model for Prediction Across Scales, MPAS-Ocean), and fully implementing a Newton–Krylov steady-state solver.
On the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol in chemical transport models: an evaluation of the WRF-CHIMERE (v2020r2) model with a focus over the Finnish boreal forest
Authors: Ciarelli Giancarlo , Tahvonen Sara , Cholakian Arineh , Vitali Bruno , Petäjä Tuukka , Bianchi Federico
Published: May 2023

Abstract. We present an evaluation of the regional chemical transport model (CTM) WRF-CHIMERE (v2020r2) for the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) with a focus over the Finnish boreal forest. Formation processes of biogenic aerosols are still affected by different sources of uncertainties, and model’s predictions largely varies depending on the levels of details of the adopted chemical and emissions schemes. In this study, air quality simulations were conducted for the astronomical summer of the year 2019 using different organic aerosol (OA) schemes (as currently available in literature) to treat the formation of BSOA. First, we performed a set of simulations in the framework of the volatility basis set (VBS) scheme carrying different assumptions for the treatment of the aging processes of BSOA. The model results were compared against high-resolution (i.e., 1-hour) organic aerosol mass and size distribution measurements performed at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR-II) site located in Hyytiälä, in addition to other gas-phases species such as ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and BVOCs measurements of isoprene (C5H10) and monoterpenes. We show that WRF-CHIMERE could well reproduce the diurnal variation of the measured OA concentrations for all the investigated scenarios (along with standard meteorological parameters) as well as the increase in concentrations during specific heat waves episodes. However, the modeled OA concentrations largely varied between the schemes use to describe the aging processes of BSOA. Additionally, comparisons with isoprene and monoterpenes air concentrations revealed that the model captured the observed monoterpenes concentrations, but isoprene was largely overestimated, a feature that was mainly attributed to the overstated biogenic emissions of isoprene. We investigated the potential consequences of such an overestimation by inhibiting isoprene emissions from the modeling system. Results indicated that the modeled BSOA concentrations generally increased compared to the base-case simulation with enabled isoprene emissions. We attributed the latest to a shift in the reactions of monoterpenes compounds against available radicals, as further suggested by the reduction in α-pinene modeled air concentrations. Finally, we briefly analyze the differences in the modeled Cloud Liquid Water Content (clwc) among the simulations carrying different chemical scheme for the treatment of the aging processes of BSOA. Model’s results indicated an increase in clwc values at the SMEAR-II site, for simulation with higher biogenic organic aerosol loads, likely as a results of the increased numbered of biogenic aerosol particles capable of activating cloud droplets.
A METHOD FOR MEASURING LARGE-SCALE DEFORMATION OF LANDSLIDE BODIES BASED ON NAP-OF-THE-OBJECT PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Qin Y. , Duan Y.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows pose a serious threat to human life and property. To mitigate this risk, monitoring and early warning systems are essential. However, monitoring high-angle landslide areas can be challenging due to the steep and complex terrain, making it difficult to carry out large-scale and refined deformation measurements using existing methods. This paper proposes a method to measure the large-scale deformation of landslide bodies based on nap-of-the-object photogrammetry. The method uses UAVs to acquire high-resolution 3D models of steep and high landslide areas at multiple time periods. Then, 3D model matching is employed to obtain accurate variation information for terrain deformation measurement. To obtain fine 3D models, a terrain-adaptive nap-of-the-object photogrammetric flight planning is applied to design the optimal photographic positions and directions for capturing ultra-high-resolution images. The images are processed using photogrammetric principles and technologies to produce fine 3D models. For terrain deformation measurement, an algorithm is proposed to obtain 3D correspondences by fusing DEM differential and 3D model texture matching. The 3D points variation vectors are then calculated, and the large-scale deformation measurement results of the landslide body can be derived after the vectors are aggregated. Experiments were conducted on the Lijiebeishan landslide in Gansu Province, western China. The results showed that the proposed deformation measurement method was highly effective in accurately detecting areas with displacement greater than 5 cm, and the large-scale deformation trend is consistent with GNSS predictions. In conclusion, the proposed method is an effective way to measure the large-scale deformation of landslide bodies in high-angle landslide areas, providing a valuable tool for monitoring and early warning systems.
Scaling Refrains
Authors: Bilir Can
Published: May 2023

Within and beyond the 1950s environmental framework, the global awareness toward the anthropogenic environmental impact and risk has stimulated critical discussions of the interrelations of human, nature, and material productive forces with an expansion of the planetary scale interrelations and place imaginaries as multiplicities. Parallel to the global transformation of risk societies, Turkiye has been dealing with environmental risks that transform its ecologies in acoustical and political senses. However, the historical and recently manifested discourses about sound and soundscapes have remained contingencies of the national singular narratives. By attending to the rhizomatic multiplicities in soundscapes along with the changing environmental definitions of sense of place, in this article, I examine refrains and investigate the fundamental question of why a particular acoustic ecology is recognized in singular forms and monophonies that are representative of this place imaginary independent of the forces in a material sense. Via the new terms that I coin, origin-essence and impetus, I further analyze refrains’ role in constructing communal imaginaries centered around inter- and intra-nationality to present the ongoing modern silences, narratives of Islamic and secular binary divisions, and the monophony of soundscapes of Turkiye. In doing so, I examine post-Covid-19 mosque recitations and broadcasts in Ankara in relation to the mosque calls’ role in preventing the July 15th, 2016 military coup d’etat attempt, the historical dichotomy of makam and scale in relation to European colonialism and Turkish cosmopolitanism, and the significance of refrains in Béla Bartók’s and Adnan Saygun’s ethnomusicological research in Central Anatolia.
Etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in cats
Authors:   FSBEI HE SPbGUVM, Bogomolova V.Yu. , Kasyanenko E.F. ,   FSBEI HE SPbGUVM
Published: May 2023

Cats suffer from type 2 diabetes more often. When observing 63 cats for 6 months, the most common signs were noted: polyuria, polydipsia, obesity and decreased activity. A common complaint from animal owners about the condition of the skin and coat. Cats have oily seborrhea, itching, scratching and hair loss on the back, near the root of the tail and on the stomach. The age of diabetic cats was 5-14 years. A biochemical blood test revealed an increase in glucose levels to 10-23.5 mmol / l (with a norm of up to 6.2). Almost all cats had an increase in hepatic transaminases by 2-3 or more times. It is important to carry out differential analyses, including the level of fructosamine in the blood serum (more than 365 mmol / l in diabetes), in order to exclude diabetes caused by stress. Timely early diagnosis, home and medical check of the dynamics of blood glucose levels will help to choose the optimal dose, frequency and course of insulin preparations, which will contribute to long-term remission.
Study of the influence of the gene-diluent “cremello” on the inheritance of colors in the horses of the akhal-teke breed
Authors:   FSBEI HE SPbGUVM, Kuznetsova T.S. , Korochkina E.A ,   FSBEI HE SPbGUVM, Glavatskaya D.E. ,   FSBEI HE SPbGUVM
Published: May 2023

A wide palette of colors is one of the key features of the Akhal-Teke breed of horses. The phenotypic manifestation of a rare color is due to the influence of the “Cremello” clarifier gene on the synthesis of the main pigments - eumelanin and pheomelanin. In combination with the basic suits, it gives new rare suits – buckskin, palomino, cremello. The increased demand for foals with the clarifier gene stimulates interest in the topic of inheritance of colors. A study of the livestock of the Akhal-Teke breed of horses for the carriage of the “Cremello” diluent gene was carried out, crossbreeding schemes were proposed, and the percentage of the probability of the expected phenotype in the offspring was calculated. Analysis and phenotypic evaluation of the colors of the obtained foals showed that in order to obtain the colors of interest, it is necessary that at least one of the parents be of the Isabella color - the carrier of the Cremello gene in the homozygous state (CcrCcr).
The use of splenectomy in the treatment of spleen neoplasia in rats
Authors:   FSFEI HE SPBGUVM, Ageikina M.A.
Published: May 2023

To date, a significant percentage of surgical interventions account for abdominal operations in small pets. At the same time, the problem of the prevalence of neoplasms in decorative rats is relevant. Splenectomy is one of the most effective methods of treating neoplasia for them. It is recommended to undergo a medical examination every six months, since splenomegaly is noticed only when the organ is enlarged during a visual diagnostic examination.
Early City Planning in the Kingdom of Judah: Khirbet Qeiyafa, Beth Shemesh 4, Tell en-Naṣbeh, Khirbet ed-Dawwara, and Lachish V
Authors:   The Hebrew University, Garfinkel Yosef
Published: May 2023

The earliest fortified sites in the kingdom of Judah in the early 10th century BCE feature a casemate city wall lined with an abutting belt of houses, which incorporate the casemates as rear rooms. This urban plan is clearly recognized in the sites of Khirbet Qeiyafa, Tell en-Naṣbeh, Khirbet ed-Dawwara, and, as discussed in detail, Beth Shemesh. Recently, excavations at Lachish, Level V, uncovered a similar pattern comprising a peripheral belt of structures abutting the city wall. This city wall was solid with no casemates. These sites have far-reaching implications for understanding the urbanization process, urban planning, and borders of the earliest phase of the kingdom of Judah.
IDENTIFIKASI MUTASI GEN PFATP6 PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM PENANDA RESISTENSI TERHADAP ARTEMISININ DI PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Sitompul Akhirul Jumaisal , Asnaily Asnaily
Published: May 2023

P.falciparum merupakan salah satu jenis plasmodium paling berbahaya, karena menyebabkan morbilitas dan mortalitas. Penggunaan Obat Anti Malaria (OAM) dalam jangka panjang menyebabkan timbulnya resistensi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui adanya mutasi pada gen PfATP6 P. falciparum pada 74 penderita malaria di Provinsi Jambi. Metode uji molekuler berupa studi deskriptif laboratoris untuk mengidentifikasi mutasi genotip L263E, S769N dan E431K gen PfATP6 P. falciparum. Hasil isolat genotip L263E dan E431K tidak dapat di identifikasi, sedangkan genotip S769N gen PfATP6 menunjukan wild type. Isolat isolat P. Falciparum dari Provinsi Jambi pada gen PfATP6 yang terkait dengan penanda resistensi terhadap artemisinin tidak ditemukan mutasi.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien tentang Swamedikasi di Lima Apotek di Kelurahan Kebun Handil Jambi
Authors: Anjelin Ririn , Raihana Nadia , Nadiroh Eka Ulya , Putri Enovi Amelia
Published: May 2023

Swamedikasi adalah cara manusia untuk mengobati penyakit atau gejala penyakit ringan seperti demam, batuk, flu, nyeri dan lain-lain tanpa resep dokter. Dalam prakteknya, keterbatasan pengetahuan akan obat dan penggunaannya dapat menyebabkan  kesalahan pengobatan, Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian deskriptif cross sectional. Kuisioner divalidasi dengan teknik filling. Sebanyak 292 orang peserta penelitian ini dipilih dari lima apotek di Kelurahan Kebun Handil Jambi melalui prosedur pengambilan sampel sekuensial, yang ditentukan secara proporsional sesuai populasi masing-masing apotek. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui tingkat pengetahuan pasien tergolong sedang dengan persentase 53,5%.  Rasionalitas swamedikasi dianggap rasional dengan persentase 69,5%.
PULL FACTORS TO BECOME A POLICE OFFICER: A PSP PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   National Institute of Pakistan Studies (NIPS), Quaid-e-Azam University,PIDE School of Social Sciences, PIDE, Islamabad., Khan Fida Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Joining the Civil Service through the Civil Service Exam is one of the most sought-after careers in Pakistan. With each passing year number of CSS, aspirants are increasing. Among the Civil service, the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP) and the Pakistan Administrative Service (PAS) are most sought after due to the power and nuisance value that these cadres promise. This paper has tried to address why PSP remains a preferred choice and what are the motivating factors that PSP officers have when they opt for the Police service of Pakistan. The study has adopted an interpretivist epistemology with a constructivist ontological stance and has applied the method of thematic analysis of interviews conducted with Police officers of different ranks in the police service of Pakistan. The study found that the PSP officers view themselves to be in a superior position compared to other groups, the motivations for joining police service include the perception of superiority, power, protection, nuisance value and ability to influence society through police office. The study also found that the PSP officer perceives himself/herself differently. The motivations of noncommissioned officers are however different. Keywords: Police Service of Pakistan (PSP), Civil Service of Pakistan, Police Reforms, Cavil service Reforms, Interpretivism, interpretivist research, constructivism, constructivist ontology. Selection of Police as a Career. Public sector employment.
SMALL DAMS AND SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY OF POTOHAR, PAKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Sociology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Afzal Amna , Chaudhry Abid Ghafoor ,   Department of Anthropology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Pakistan
Published: May 2023

Small dams are vital infrastructures that can be used to address water scarcity issues, promote sustainable agriculture practices and improve rural livelihoods. In Pakistan, where agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the majority of the population, the construction of small dams has been identified as a means of providing irrigation water to farmlands and improving the socio-economic status of rural communities. This paper focuses on the impact of small dams on social empowerment in the Potohar region of Pakistan. Locale of the study was Potohar Plateau of Pakistan which includes Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum and Rawalpindi. Data were collected from the encroachment areas of ten dams. Data of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were collected through a structured tool. Data shoes the participation of farmer with different education groups, type of their family, marital status, cultivated land, and social empowerment. Data represents that participant reported four different levels of social empowerment, in which higher level of empowerment was reported by 65.0 percent. In addition, data shows that social empowerment is not dependent with the utilization of dam water. And regression analysis between respondent’s and social empowerment shows p values 0.485, and that is less than value of alpha. So, we conclude that social empowerment is found in the areas under study but that is not linked with small dam utilization. And study further suggest to explore the key indicators of social empowerment in Potohar. Keywords: small dams, social empowerment, Potohar Plateau, Potohar Pakistan
IMPACT OF NURSE PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON JOB SATISFACTION AND INTENT TO LEAVE IN HOSPITALS OF PAKISTAN
Authors:   Lahore School of Economics, Pakistan, Ali Yumna , Shah Syed Shaukat Ali ,   Avicenna Medical Hospital, Pakistan
Published: May 2023

Aim: To measure impact of nurses’ practice environment, organizational commitment on job satisfaction and intent to leave in hospitals of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional survey; Convenience sampling. Methods: Sample of 240 nurses were drawn from private and public sector hospitals. Nurses’ practice environment (Aiken, Clarke, & Sloane, Hospital Staffing, Organisation and Quality Care: Crossnational Findings, 2002), organizational commitment (Mowday, Steers, & Porter, 1979) , job satisfaction (Carbonell & Escudero, 2013) and intent to leave (Zopaitis, Constanti, & Theocharous, 2014) were used as instruments of measurement. Results: Nurse Practice environment with estimate of 0.176 has no significant effect on job satisfaction as the p value was 0.43 which was statistically insignificant ant 0.05. Hospital nurses’ organizational commitment with estimate of 0.043 has no significant effect on job satisfaction as was 0.526 which was statistically insignificant at 0.05. Job satisfaction with estimate of 0.254 has a significant effect on intent to leave as the p value was 0.007 which was statistically significant at 0.05. Hence, it is claimed that job satisfaction has significant impact on intent to leave. Conclusion: The study is integral to have in the field of occupational health psychology and to make sure that nurses are satisfied in their work whether employed in private or public hospitals. Keywords: nurse practice environment, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, intent to leave, nursing, Pakistan