bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thinking Without Authority: Performance Philosophy as the Democracy of Thought
Authors: Fisher Tony
Published: April 2016

Performance philosophy commences with an impertinent gesture when it describes itself as inaugurating a ‘new field’ of study.  Accompanying that claim is a radical proposition that ‘performance thinks’; that it should be counted as a form of philosophising in its own right.  But in what sense can performance be construed as ‘genuinely’ philosophical thought?  Taking my cue from Laura Cull’s alignment of performance philosophy with Laruelle’s practice of ‘non philosophy’ – and specifically, with its introduction of ‘democracy’ into the dispositives of ‘standard’ philosophy in order to challenge its transcendental authority over the Real – I argue that performance philosophy might be seen to enact a similar disruption of the ‘dispositives’ of performance theory.  This, however, is only partly what is at stake in the fundamental proposition of performance philosophy, and I conclude by suggesting that a more radical proposal lies behind its assertion of a new ‘field’ – one that does not reduce it to an empirical fact, but grasps it as a radical ‘utopian’ hypothesis designed to ‘open up’ the philosophical dimension of performance itself; utopian because what performance offers – seen in this way - is not simply another system of representation but a possible democratic thought of the Real itself.
Missing the Wrong Target: On Andrew Bowie’s Rejection of the Philosophy of Music
Authors: McAuley Tomas
Published: April 2016

Andrew Bowie rejects the philosophy of music. He does so because it (allegedly) objectifies music and because it (allegedly) only ever affirms the practitioner’s prior philosophical assumptions. I argue that Bowie’s rejection is illegitimate on two counts. First, he mischaracterises the philosophy of music. I show how. Second, even if his characterisation of the philosophy of music were a faithful representation of that discipline, his reasons for rejecting it would still not be sufficient. In particular, Bowie criticises the philosophy of music for not engaging properly with its ‘other’ (music), yet refuses to engage seriously with his own ‘other’ (the philosophy of music). Bowie aims for the wrong target – and misses anyway.
Punk Women and Riot Grrls
Authors: Braidotti Rosi
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with feminist cultural politics, nomadic thought and media activism. It combines theoretical insights from Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy with Riot Grrrl bands and women’s punk music. The paper explores two central aspects of the Pussy Riot’s performances: the visual and the musical. The visual includes an analysis of “the face” as a landscape of both power and resistance and discusses also the function of the mask as a cultural and political device. It then highlights the role of iconic images like Queen Beatrix, Angela Davies, the Guerrilla Girls and others in popular culture. The musical component includes Janis Joplin, the ultimate Riot Grrrl band Bikini Kill, Nina Hagen and, of course, Pussy Riot. Embodying the slogan “If I can’t dance, I don’t want to be part of your revolution” the paper argues for an affirmative and  creative approach to feminist theory and practice and to contemporary cultural politics.
Development of central force optimization for pipe-sizing of water distribution networks
Authors: Jabbary Azadeh , Podeh Hasan Torabi , Younesi Hojatollah , Haghiabi Amir Hamzeh
Published: April 2016

Due to the economic crisis and water scarcity happening in recent years, many researchers have focused on the water distribution network optimization problem. On this specified subject, all recent research has applied stochastic meta-heuristic algorithms to solve these sets of problems. In this study, the application of a novel deterministic physically inspired heuristic algorithm for minimizing the cost of pipe-sizing in the water distribution system (WDS) is investigated. In fact, the algorithm used in this research is the modified central force optimization algorithm to solve the water distribution network problem called CFOnet. The approach is applied to optimize the design of the Kadu and Khorramshahr networks. For this purpose, CFOnet method is programmed in MATLAB and interfaced with the hydraulic simulation model, EPANET. The obtained solutions in this study are compared with those stochastic methods in the WDS optimization literature. This comparison shows that CFOnet is more efficient in obtaining lower cost than other optimization methods for solving the two mentioned WDSs, while it enjoys the merits of a deterministic optimization method.
Improvement of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes' properties using decane-functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Kaveh Reyhaneh , Shariatinia Zahra , Arefazar Ahmad
Published: April 2016

The effect of decane-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (decane-rGO) was studied on the performance of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membranes. The results showed that the decane-rGO/PAN membranes had greater salt rejections relative to their corresponding GO/PAN membranes, confirming superior performance of modified decane-rGO particles. Also, the membrane with 0.2 wt% decane-rGO exhibited maximum water flux and appropriate salt rejection. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) micrographs illustrated that the sponge-like pores in the pristine PAN membrane were changed to a finger-like structure in the membrane containing up to 0.2 wt% of decane-rGO and the vertical holes were converted to horizontal holes by further increasing the decane-rGO concentration in the polymer matrix.
Phenotypic heterogeneity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in the protected nature park ‘Palić’ (Serbia)
Authors: Vujović Bojana , Teodorović Smilja , Rudić Željka , Božić Mile , Raičević Vera
Published: April 2016

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally distributed environmental bacterium, which is also a significant opportunistic pathogen of humans, animals and plants. It is considered that wide distribution of this bacterium is connected with its most significant constitutive property to form biofilms, and that this multicellular mode of growth, predominant in nature, serves as a protective mechanism against unfavourable environmental conditions. The work presented here examines the phenotypic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa environmental isolates with respect to biofilm production capacity under different environmental conditions (temperature, pH, NaCl), production of virulence factors, and motility. The purpose of this work is to present the production of two quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors (rhamnolipids and pyocyanin), explore different motility tests (swimming, swarming and twitching) and discover potential relationship between assessed phenotypic features. Obtained results delineate environmental conditions coinciding with biofilm production and suggest a high correlation between rhamnolipid production levels and biofilm formation. Rhamnolipids affect motility competence, yet only the flagellum-mediated swimming motility has significant impact on the biofilm formation potential. Although it is challenging to demarcate a definitive, clear correlation between parameters tested, rhamnolipid content appears to serve as a link between the tested phenotypic factors.
An examination of factors affecting sustainability of domestic rainwater harvesting systems in a rural, semi-arid region of Mexico
Authors: Neibaur Elena E. , Anderson Elizabeth P.
Published: April 2016

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is increasingly utilized today by populations to alleviate water supply issues, particularly in rural, dry environments. Limited research has considered, simultaneously, the numerous factors that contribute to sustainability – for example, social acceptance, water quality, and maintenance needs – of RWH. This research aimed to improve the understanding of factors influencing the sustainability of rainwater harvesting systems for domestic use (DRWHS) through examination of social, water quality, and technical feasibility components. We conducted 50 household surveys and 17 rainwater quality analyses in San Jose Xacxamayo, a rural, semi-arid community in Puebla, Mexico. Results showed that DRWHS are socially accepted primarily because of the presence of existing local skills and knowledge, as well as critical need for water. Results from most of the water quality parameters measured were within World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for human consumption, with the exception of pH, total coliform, and heterotrophic plate count, which required water treatment prior to consumption. Technical feasibility was the main barrier to the sustainability of DRWHS; highly seasonal rainfall and small roof sizes (averaging 70 m2) resulted in households unable to meet annual water needs. Increasing roof sizes and providing water treatment could ensure DRWHS sustainability in the studied community.
Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for the removal of methylene blue dye from water by nano zero-valent iron (NZVI)
Authors: Khosravi Morteza , Arabi Simin
Published: April 2016

In this study, iron zero-valent nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized and studied for removal of methylene blue dye in water solution. The reactions were mathematically described as the function of parameters such as nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) dose, pH, contact time and initial dye concentration, and were modeled by the use of response surface methodology. These experiments were carried out as a central composite design consisting of 30 experiments determined by the 24 full factorial designs with eight axial points and six center points. The results revealed that the optimal conditions for dye removal were NZVI dose 0.1–0.9 g/L, pH 3–11, contact time 20–100 s, and initial dye concentration 10–50 mg/L, respectively. Under these optimal values of process parameters, the dye removal efficiency of 92.87% was observed, which very close to the experimental value (92.21%) in batch experiment. In the optimization, R2 and R2adj correlation coefficients for the model were evaluated as 0.96 and 0.93, respectively.
An expert system with radial basis function neural network based on decision trees for predicting sediment transport in sewers
Authors: Ebtehaj Isa , Bonakdari Hossein , Zaji Amir Hossein
Published: April 2016

In this study, an expert system with a radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) based on decision trees (DT) is designed to predict sediment transport in sewer pipes at the limit of deposition. First, sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of each parameter on predicting the densimetric Froude number (Fr). The results indicate that utilizing the ratio of the median particle diameter to pipe diameter (d/D), ratio of median particle diameter to hydraulic radius (d/R) and volumetric sediment concentration (CV) as the input combination leads to the best Fr prediction. Subsequently, the new hybrid DT-RBF method is presented. The results of DT-RBF are compared with RBF and RBF-particle swarm optimization (PSO), which uses PSO for RBF training. It appears that DT-RBF is more accurate (R2 = 0.934, MARE = 0.103, RMSE = 0.527, SI = 0.13, BIAS = −0.071) than the two other RBF methods. Moreover, the proposed DT-RBF model offers explicit expressions for use by practicing engineers.
miR-146a Inhibits Proliferation and Enhances Chemosensitivity in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via Reduction of SOD2
Authors: Cui YaJie , She Kai’e , Tian Defu , Zhang Peilian , Xin Xiaoyan
Published: April 2016

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, accounting for 90% of all ovarian cancer. Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with several types of EOC. In the current research, we aimed to study the role of abnormal expression of miR-146a in the development
of EOC and to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms. Compared with control samples, mRNA expression of miR-146a was significantly decreased in EOC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-146a prohibited cell proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy
drugs in EOC cells. In contrast, downregulation of miR-146a promoted cell proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, and decreased sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs in EOC cells. Overexpression of miR-146a increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and decreased SOD2 mRNA and protein expression.
Downregulation of miR-146a increased SOD2 mRNA and protein expression. Overexpression of SOD2 significantly inhibited miR-146a mimics-induced suppression of cell proliferation and the increase of apoptosis and chemosensitivity. In conclusion, we identify miR-146a as a potential tumor suppressor
in patients with EOC. miR-146a downregulates the expression of SOD2 and enhances ROS generation, leading to increased apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation, and enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy. The data demonstrate that the miR-146a/SOD2/ROS pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target
and prognostic marker in patients with EOC.
MicroRNA-92a Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth and Migration by Inhibiting KLF4
Authors: Lv Huiqing , Zhang Zhongmin , Wang Yaoxia , Li Chenglin , Gong Weihong , Wang Xin
Published: April 2016

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy with high mortality around the world. However, the biological mechanism of CRC carcinogenesis is not completely known. In the present study, we determined the role of miR-92a in the regulation of CRC cell motility. Expression
of miR-92a is aberrantly upregulated in human CRC tissues and cultured cells, as shown by RT-PCR analysis. The effects of miR-92a on the proliferation and migration of human CRC SW620 and LoVo cells were measured by CCK-8 and Transwell assay, respectively. Results showed that the proliferation
and migration capacity of both SW620 and LoVo cells were significantly increased by miR-92a mimic transfection but reduced by miR-92a inhibition. Additionally, KLF4 was identified as a direct target of miR-92a in CRC cells through bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analysis. KLF4 overexpression
attenuated the effects of miR-92a on the regulation of CRC cell motility. Further studies suggested that the cell cycle inhibitor p21 was aberrantly downregulated in CRC cells, whereas this inhibition was reversed by miR-92a inhibitor. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that miR-92a may
play a positive role in the colorectal carcinogenesis by promoting the proliferation and migration of CRC cells through targeting KLF4 as well as downstream p21. This could be an alternative therapeutic target for CRC.
TTF1-NPs Induce ERS-Mediated Apoptosis and Inhibit Human Hepatoma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Xiao Bin , Liu Chao , Liu Bing-tong , Zhang Xuan , Liu Rong-rong , Zhang Xue-Wu
Published: April 2016

Previous studies have shown that 5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-6,7,5′-trimethoxyflavone (TTF1) is the primary anticancer constituent of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Sorbaria sorbifolia (SS), which has been applied to treat cancer in China. In this study, we
investigated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects and biological mechanisms of small-molecule TTF1 nanoparticles (TTF1-NPs). The effects of TTF1-NPs on cell growth and apoptosis were investigated using human hepatoma cells. The molecular changes associated with the effects of TTF1-NPs
were analyzed by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. The in vivo effect of TTF1-NPs was investigated using the HepG2 tumor xenograft model. We found that TTF1-NPs exhibited antitumor effects in vitro accompanied by induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Mechanistically,
our data showed that TTF1-NPs induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway in hepatoma cells. Moreover, inhibition of ERS activation blocked TTF1-NP-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Finally, TTF1-NPs inhibited the growth of HepG2 xenograft tumors. Taken together, our results
demonstrated that TTF1-NP-induced apoptosis was mediated at least in part by the ERS pathway and thus inhibited hepatoma tumor growth.
Therapeutic Injection of a C-Type CpG ODN Induced an Antitumor Immune Response in C57/BL6 Mice of Orthotopically Transplanted Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jia Huijie , Zhao Tiesuo , Zou Di , Jia Xiaolong , Gao Ji , Song Xiangfeng
Published: April 2016

Synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), as TLR9 agonists, have been found to play a possible role in antitumor effect. In order to determine the effect of YW002, known as a C-type CpG ODN, on the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is one of the most aggressive carcinomas,
we chose to inject YW002 at the doses of 12.5 µg and 25 µg per mouse 7 days post-tumor challenge. The survival rate of mice was recorded every day. On day 14 postinjection, five mice in each group were bled and randomly sacrificed. The level of IFN-γ or TNF-α in the
serum was detected and lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor tissue; the ratios of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells in the spleen of mice were also analyzed. The results indicated that treatment with YW002 could raise the survival rate and delay tumor growth in the mice with
orthotopically transplanted HCC. Furthermore, the treatment improved the antitumor immune response through increasing the T-cell infiltration in tumor and the ratio of CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells in the spleen. In addition, the concentration of IFN-γ was raised, and
the level of TGF-β was depressed. Our data suggested that CpG ODN might be a proper medicament in a monotherapeutic regimen for treatment of HCC.
La psychiatrie critique au Royaume-Uni : un point de vue personnel
Authors: Thomas Philip
Published: April 2016

Depuis sa création en 1999, le Réseau de la psychiatrie critique a eu un impact significatif, même si parfois mal compris, sur la psychiatrie au Royaume-Uni et, de plus en plus, ailleurs également. Cet article a pour objet de présenter d’où vient la psychiatrie critique contemporaine en Grande-Bretagne. Certes, en un sens, elle peut être conçue comme un legs des années soixante, mais considérer la psychiatrie critique comme équivalant à l’antipsychiatrie serait une grave erreur tant historique que conceptuelle. C’est pourquoi je présente un point de vue personnel sur les principaux points d’accord et de désaccord entre l’antipsychiatrie et la psychiatrie critique. Je décris ensuite l’action du Réseau de la psychiatrie critique (CPN) au Royaume-Uni dans trois domaines essentiels : le problème de la coercition et le rôle de la psychiatrie en termes de contrôle social ; le rôle et l’usage du savoir scientifique en psychiatrie ; les problèmes de sens et de contextes en psychiatrie ; et j’en termine par une évaluation personnelle des défis à venir qui attendent la psychiatrie critique.
Espace et psychose
Authors: Dana Guy
Published: April 2016

À travers une pluralité de lieux institutionnels se joue une thérapeutique possible pour les psychoses dès lors qu’espace et langage sont liés ; de nouveaux concepts tels la structure d’horizon et la traduction s’ajoutent aux élaborations sur la jouissance et sur la bouillie originaire pour conforter une politique.
Lalangue et phénomène élémentaire, ou de quelques significations de la psychiatrie classique pour la psychanalyse
Authors: Douville Olivier
Published: April 2016

Bien des textes de la psychiatrie dite classique, celle qui a pu s’effacer après la mort d’Henri Ey, peuvent avoir une signification pour la clinique psychanalytique. Le fait que des psychanalystes travaillent en institution psychiatrique spécialisée plaide pour ce dialogue avec les textes des anciens. Toutefois le travail de clinique psychanalytique en milieu psychiatrique déplace le champ clinique et opère le passage entre une clinique marquée par l’interrogation du patient à une clinique du dialogue et du transfert. Ce texte présente quelques moments de cures menées à l’Hôpital de Ville-Evrard. Refusant une clinique déficitaire de la psychose, l’auteur insiste sur la part d’invention que comporte avec lui tout traitement psychanalytique possible.
Ce que la psychiatrie continue de nous enseigner (pour renouveler la théorie des psychoses)
Authors: Pommier Gérard
Published: April 2016

La clinique observée par les psychiatres classiques continue de nous être utile jusqu’à aujourd’hui. On ne la reverra plus du fait de l’emploi des neuroleptiques. Elle nous sert pour distinguer normal et pathologique, de même que les hallucinations et les délires dans les psychoses et les névroses. Elle continue de poser le problème de la causalité des paranoïas et elle oblige à repenser tous les aspects de la forclusion, de même que la structure du langage. Elle interroge le concept d’holophrase et l’hypocondrie. Par rapport aux variabilités des formules cliniques des psychoses, il reste beaucoup de ces formes que la psychanalyse ne sait pas théoriser, de même que le « désir du père », pourtant bien présent, n’est pas pris en compte. La psychiatrie classique nous oblige à faire ce travail de réactualisation qui ouvre de grandes perspectives.
Travail psychanalytique avec les psychoses infantiles
Authors: Tourrès Dominique
Published: April 2016

Les paradigmes de la place de l’organogenèse et de la psychogenèse des psychoses infantiles ont changé depuis d’importantes découvertes génétiques faites par le Professeur Arnold Munnich. Ceci nous oblige à travailler indépendamment de l’étiologie et modifie le travail avec les parents. Une fois cette position adoptée, le travail psychanalytique lui-même s’appuie sur la mise en place du transfert, la différenciation du transfert psychotique et de la psychose de transfert, la trans-inscription, ainsi que les deux images du corps, dans la ligne directe du travail de Gisela Pankow et Ginette Michaud.
L’autisme infantile entre neurosciences et psychanalyse
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: April 2016

Après avoir rappelé la manière dont l’autisme infantile se situe par rapport aux concepts d’intersubjectivité et de subjectivation, l’auteur tente de montrer comment le concept de « mantèlement » de D. Meltzer fait écho au concept de comodalisation sensorielle des cognitivistes. Le mantèlement (mécanisme inter-sensoriel) suppose une mise en rythmes compatibles des flux sensoriels en provenance de l’objet, mise en rythme rendue possible par les processus de segmentation de ces mêmes flux (mécanisme intra-sensoriel) qui peuvent se jouer au niveau central, au niveau périphérique ou au niveau interactif. Cette vision s’intègre dans le cadre d’un modèle polyfactoriel qui jette aujourd’hui les bases d’une authentique transdisciplinarité.
Autisme, psychanalyse et psychothérapie institutionnelle
Authors: Delion Pierre
Published: April 2016

L’autisme traverse une période difficile au cours de laquelle son éclairage et sa prise en charge par la psychanalyse et la psychothérapie institutionnelle sont sévèrement menacés. Pourtant tout nous pousse à penser une complémentarité entre les diverses approches. Cet article propose un modèle triadique : éducatif toujours, pédagogique si possible et thérapeutique si nécessaire. Les conséquences institutionnelles qui en découlent sont rapidement passées en revue. Un appel au politique est lancé en guise de conclusion.
TDAH : le virus de l’enfant hubot
Authors: Renard Ursula
Published: April 2016

L’enfant dit porteur d’un TDAH (trouble de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité) n’est pas un enfant neuro-diminué à neuro-améliorer. Il a une histoire. Cette histoire de vie l’a amené à se protéger d’une attention soutenue au monde qui l’entoure. Pourquoi ? Une approche pluridisciplinaire est, en ce sens, essentielle à la prise en charge de ces enfants diagnostiqués et traités souvent trop vite. La thérapie psychanalytique leur offre, ainsi qu’à leur famille, la possibilité d’élaborer le conflit qui l’amène à ne plus vouloir maintenir un lien aux autres par la concentration et l’attention. L’enjeu est important devant le risque de transformer ces enfants en robots, cobayes de la science à l’heure où les nbic (nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, informatique et sciences cognitives) infiltrent la médecine et nourrissent le fantasme d’un transhumanisme qui vise à éradiquer ce qui renvoie l’homme à sa condition de simple mortel, faillible. L’enfant dans ce projet devrait être alors sans cesse amélioré chimiquement, en oubliant qu’il est d’abord un sujet désirant et en construction avec son environnement auquel il réagit psychiquement.
Le déclin de l’image du père
Authors: Sédat Jacques
Published: April 2016

Pour Sigmund Freud, l’image du père est intrinsèquement liée à la démarche indispensable de subjectivation. Que ce soit à travers l’ Urvater , dans la culture judéo-chrétienne, à travers le père réel qui intervient dans le parcours de son enfant, ou la figure du « grand Autre préhistorique », qui laisse son empreinte dans la vie intrapsychique, l’image du père peut favoriser ou réduire à néant le processus d’individuation, selon que l’on reste dans un état de « servitude volontaire » et de culpabilité, ou qu’on se libère des représentations imposées pour accéder à la subjectivation.
Ne plus croire à sa neurotica
Authors: Brun Danièle
Published: April 2016

L’auteur tient le renoncement de Freud à sa neurotica pour un tournant majeur dans l’établissement des fondements de la psychanalyse. La faute qui, auparavant, incombait à la perversion du père, à sa malfaisance sexuelle devient désormais celle du fils en proie à l’ambivalence de ses sentiments œdipiens. Le parcours de Freud est ici retracé depuis la lettre à Fliess de septembre 1897 jusqu’à celle qu’il adresse à Romain Rolland pour son soixante dixième anniversaire en 1936. Le transfert qui se perçoit dans l’échange de correspondances est crucial pour l’analyse et le statut de l’image du père ainsi que de la fonction paternelle.
À corps perdu
Authors: de Séguin Alexandra
Published: April 2016

À partir de son regard porté sur le film Lame de fond de Perrine Michel, l’auteur explore la manière dont cette œuvre de création artistique entreprend la reconstruction d’une expérience de faillite psychotique par le récit d’une bouffée délirante aiguë. Le travail des images cerne un invisible et donne forme à une illusion du manque – là où ceux-ci ne pouvaient consister – en traduisant l’impensable psychotique en une indétermination du corps. Plus avant, le dispositif cinématographique aménage un espace autre qui évite la mise en pâture du corps à la jouissance de l’Autre.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulates Inflammation and Mycobacterial Survival in Human Macrophages during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Scharn Caitlyn R. , Collins Angela C. , Nair Vidhya R. , Stamm Chelsea E. , Marciano Denise K. , Graviss Edward A. , Shiloh Michael U.
Published: April 2016

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. We previously showed that M. tuberculosis infection in mice induces expression of the CO-producing enzyme heme oxygenase (HO1) and that CO is sensed by M. tuberculosis to initiate a dormancy program. Further, mice deficient in HO1 succumb to M. tuberculosis infection more readily than do wild-type mice. Although mouse macrophages control intracellular M. tuberculosis infection through several mechanisms, such as NO synthase, the respiratory burst, acidification, and autophagy, how human macrophages control M. tuberculosis infection remains less well understood. In this article, we show that M. tuberculosis induces and colocalizes with HO1 in both mouse and human tuberculosis lesions in vivo, and that M. tuberculosis induces and colocalizes with HO1 during primary human macrophage infection in vitro. Surprisingly, we find that chemical inhibition of HO1 both reduces inflammatory cytokine production by human macrophages and restricts intracellular growth of mycobacteria. Thus, induction of HO1 by M. tuberculosis infection may be a mycobacterial virulence mechanism to enhance inflammation and bacterial growth.
Hemocyanins Stimulate Innate Immunity by Inducing Different Temporal Patterns of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Macrophages
Authors: Zhong Ta-Ying , Arancibia Sergio , Born Raimundo , Tampe Ricardo , Villar Javiera , Del Campo Miguel , Manubens Augusto , Becker María Inés
Published: April 2016

Hemocyanins induce a potent Th1-dominant immune response with beneficial clinical outcomes when used as a carrier/adjuvant in vaccines and nonspecific immunostimulant in cancer. However, the mechanisms by which hemocyanins trigger innate immune responses, leading to beneficial adaptive immune responses, are unknown. This response is triggered by a proinflammatory signal from various components, of which macrophages are an essential part. To understand how these proteins influence macrophage response, we investigated the effects of mollusks hemocyanins with varying structural and immunological properties, including hemocyanins from Concholepas concholepas, Fissurella latimarginata, and Megathura crenulata (keyhole limpet hemocyanin), on cultures of peritoneal macrophages. Hemocyanins were phagocytosed and slowly processed. Analysis of this process showed differential gene expression along with protein levels of proinflammatory markers, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF-α. An extended expression analysis of 84 cytokines during a 24-h period showed a robust proinflammatory response for F. latimarginata hemocyanin in comparison with keyhole limpet hemocyanin and C. concholepas hemocyanin, which was characterized by an increase in the transcript levels of M1 cytokines involved in leukocyte recruitment. These cytokine genes included chemokines (Cxcl1, Cxcl3, Cxcl5, Ccl2, and Ccl3), ILs (Il1b and Ifng), growth factors (Csf2 and Csf3), and TNF family members (Cd40lg). The protein levels of certain cytokines were increased. However, every hemocyanin maintains downregulated key M2 cytokine genes, including Il4 and Il5. Collectively, our data demonstrate that hemocyanins are able to trigger the release of proinflammatory factors with different patterns of cytokine expression, suggesting differential signaling pathways and transcriptional network mechanisms that lead to the activation of M1-polarized macrophages.
TGF-β Signaling in Dendritic Cells Governs Colonic Homeostasis by Controlling Epithelial Differentiation and the Luminal Microbiota
Authors: Ihara Sozaburo , Hirata Yoshihiro , Serizawa Takako , Suzuki Nobumi , Sakitani Kosuke , Kinoshita Hiroto , Hayakawa Yoku , Nakagawa Hayato , Ijichi Hideaki , Tateishi Keisuke , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: April 2016

Dendritic cells (DCs) mediate host immune responses to gut microbes and play critical roles in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we examined the role of TGF-β signaling in DCs in colonic homeostasis. CD11c-cre Tgfbr2fl/fl mice developed spontaneous colitis, and CD11c-cre Tgfbr2fl/+ mice exhibited susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis. Colitis in these mice was characterized by goblet cell depletion and dysbiosis caused by Enterobacteriaceae enrichment. Wild-type mice gavaged with Enterobacteriaceae from CD11c-cre Tgfbr2fl/fl mice feces showed severe colitis after dextran sulfate sodium treatment, whereas those treated with Notch inhibitor exhibited attenuated colonic injury with increased goblet cell numbers, thickened mucus layer, and fewer fecal Enterobacteriaceae. Wild-type mice transplanted with CD11c-cre Tgfbr2fl/fl bone marrow developed colitis showing increased Jagged1 and Jagged2 in DCs, increased Hes1 levels in epithelium, and goblet cell depletion. These findings suggest that TGF-β signaling in DCs regulates intestinal homeostasis by modulating epithelial cell differentiation and fecal microbiota.
Phenotypic and Functional Plasticity of Murine Intestinal NKp46+ Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Verrier Thomas , Satoh-Takayama Naoko , Serafini Nicolas , Marie Solenne , Di Santo James P. , Vosshenrich Christian A. J.
Published: April 2016

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) actively participate in mucosal defense and homeostasis through prompt secretion of IL-17A, IL-22, and IFN-γ. Reports identify two ILC3 lineages: a CCR6+T-bet− subset that appears early in embryonic development and promotes lymphoid organogenesis and a CCR6−T-bet+ subset that emerges after microbial colonization and harbors NKp46+ ILC3. We demonstrate that NKp46 expression in the ILC3 subset is highly unstable. Cell fate mapping using Ncr1CreGFP × Rosa26RFP mice revealed the existence of an intestinal RFP+ ILC3 subset (Ncr1FM) lacking NKp46 expression at the transcript and protein levels. Ncr1FM ILC3 produced more IL-22 and were distinguishable from NKp46+ ILC3 by differential CD117, CD49a, DNAX accessory molecule-1, and, surprisingly, CCR6 expression. Ncr1FM ILC3 emerged after birth and persisted in adult mice following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. These results identify an unexpected phenotypic instability within NKp46+ ILC3 that suggests a major role for environmental signals in tuning ILC3 functional plasticity.
Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Boosted Polysaccharide-Specific IgG Responses Following Secondary Challenge with Intact Gram-Negative versus Gram-Positive Extracellular Bacteria
Authors: Kar Swagata , Arjunaraja Swadhinya , Akkoyunlu Mustafa , Pier Gerald B. , Snapper Clifford M.
Published: April 2016

Priming of mice with intact, heat-killed cells of Gram-negative Neisseria meningitidis, capsular serogroup C (MenC) or Gram-positive group B Streptococcus, capsular type III (GBS-III) bacteria resulted in augmented serum polysaccharide (PS)-specific IgG titers following booster immunization. Induction of memory required CD4+ T cells during primary immunization. We determined whether PS-specific memory for IgG production was contained within the B cell and/or T cell populations, and whether augmented IgG responses following booster immunization were also dependent on CD4+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of purified B cells from MenC- or GBS-III–primed, but not naive mice resulted in augmented PS-specific IgG responses following booster immunization. Similar responses were observed when cotransferred CD4+ T cells were from primed or naive mice. Similarly, primary immunization with unencapsulated MenC or GBS-III, to potentially prime CD4+ T cells, failed to enhance PS-specific IgG responses following booster immunization with their encapsulated isogenic partners. Furthermore, in contrast to GBS-III, depletion of CD4+ T cells during secondary immunization with MenC or another Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii, did not inhibit augmented PS-specific IgG booster responses of mice primed with heat-killed cells. Also, in contrast with GBS-III, booster immunization of MenC-primed mice with isolated MenC-PS, a TI Ag, or a conjugate of MenC-PS and tetanus toxoid elicited an augmented PS-specific IgG response similar to booster immunization with intact MenC. These data demonstrate that memory for augmented PS-specific IgG booster responses to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is contained solely within the B cell compartment, with a differential requirement for CD4+ T cells for augmented IgG responses following booster immunization.
Inflammatory Signals Regulate IL-15 in Response to Lymphodepletion
Authors: Anthony Scott M. , Rivas Sarai C. , Colpitts Sara L. , Howard Megan E. , Stonier Spencer W. , Schluns Kimberly S.
Published: April 2016

Induction of lymphopenia has been exploited therapeutically to improve immune responses to cancer therapies and vaccinations. Whereas IL-15 has well-established roles in stimulating lymphocyte responses after lymphodepletion, the mechanisms regulating these IL-15 responses are unclear. We report that cell surface IL-15 expression is upregulated during lymphopenia induced by total body irradiation (TBI), cyclophosphamide, or Thy1 Ab-mediated T cell depletion, as well as in RAG−/− mice; interestingly, the cellular profile of surface IL-15 expression is distinct in each model. In contrast, soluble IL-15 (sIL-15) complexes are upregulated only after TBI or αThy1 Ab. Analysis of cell-specific IL-15Rα conditional knockout mice revealed that macrophages and dendritic cells are important sources of sIL-15 complexes after TBI but provide minimal contribution in response to Thy1 Ab treatment. Unlike with TBI, induction of sIL-15 complexes by αThy1 Ab is sustained and only partially dependent on type I IFNs. The stimulator of IFN genes pathway was discovered to be a potent inducer of sIL-15 complexes and was required for optimal production of sIL-15 complexes in response to Ab-mediated T cell depletion and TBI, suggesting products of cell death drive production of sIL-15 complexes after lymphodepletion. Lastly, we provide evidence that IL-15 induced by inflammatory signals in response to lymphodepletion drives lymphocyte responses, as memory CD8 T cells proliferated in an IL-15–dependent manner. Overall, these studies demonstrate that the form in which IL-15 is expressed, its kinetics and cellular sources, and the inflammatory signals involved are differentially dictated by the manner in which lymphopenia is induced.
Eyecciones coronales de masa solar a una unidad astronómica
Authors: Guerrero Vásquez Maribel S.
Published: April 2016

La presente investigación concluye estadísticamente que las Eyecciones Coronales de Masa solar (CME por sus siglas en inglés), son grandes erupciones de campos magnéticos coronales solares y plasma (considerado el cuarto estado de la materia), que alcanzan la órbita de la Tierra, con características especiales de velocidad en este caso específico estudiado, se convierten en Tormentas geomagnéticas, sean de alta o baja velocidad de las CME. Para desarrollar la presente investigación se estudiaron los datos de eyecciones coronales de masa solar, con propiedades delimitadas; de velocidad, masa, y diferentes tipos de energía del año 1990 al 2012, que pudieron convertirse en tormentas geomagnéticas. Se enfoco la investigación en eventos rápidos con un rango de tiempo mayor o igual a 0.5 días y menor o igual a 1 día, para calcular el tiempo de llegada al planeta Tierra en días; se uso la distancia promedio entre nuestro planeta y el Sol. De los datos de CME de altas velocidades tenemos como resultados pocas fluctuaciones del campo magnético, o sea pocas tormentas geomagnéticas; pero se observaron valores de índices k desde 0 a 9. En general haciendo un análisis comparativo de los resultados de la caracterización de Eyecciones coronales con la actividad solar, se observó que los ciclos de máxima actividad fueron atípicos, concluyendo que realmente los ciclos mínimos se han prolongado, se resalta la tendencia decreciente en la actividad solar y como consecuencia también hay tendencia decreciente en la ocurrencia de eyecciones coronales de masa que son la principal causa de las tormentas geomagnéticas.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Vol.7(1) 2014, 21-34
Caracterización de piso de ruido y radiointerferencia en frecuencia 1420 mhz
Authors: Galo Meza Norman Antonino
Published: April 2016

Este documento presenta los resultados del estudio denominado “Caracterización de Piso de Ruido y RadioInterferencia en Frecuencia 1420 MHz”, siendo este estudio, de primordial importancia en las etapas previas a la implementación de un Radiotelescopio.En nuestro país no se ha realizado ningún estudio de este tipo, en ninguna frecuencia o rango de frecuencias destinadas para el Servicio de Radioastronomía, servicio que fue definido conjuntamente por la Unión Internacional de Astronomía y la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (IAU e ITU –siglas en inglés, respectivamente).Como objetivo principal del estudio, se determinaron las condiciones radioeléctricas que prevalecen en la ciudad de Tegucigalpa, específicamente en el Observatorio Astronómico Centroamericano de Suyapa (OACS), o dicho de otra manera, el ambiente radioeléctrico al que estará expuesta cualquier señal de algún objeto celeste, emitida en frecuencia 1420 MHz (λ=21 cm).Los datos se recopilaron mediante técnicas de monitoreo de RadioInterferencia en Frecuencia (RFI -siglas en Ingles), establecidos en el “Handbook Spectrum Monitoring”, publicado por ITU en el año 2011 y se utilizaron equipos certificados por ITU, para estudios radioeléctricos -RFI. Las conclusiones y las recomendaciones, parten de las disposiciones emanadas por ITU, para el Servicio de Radioastronomía y del análisis de las condiciones radioeléctricas existentes en el OACS.El estudio demostró que la ubicación del Observatorio Astronómico Centroamericano de Suyapa (OACS), presenta un nivel o Piso de Ruido muy elevado, alrededor de 12 dB por sobre la Sensibilidad del equipo utilizado, no obstante, señales de fuentes como el Sol y la Vía Láctea, son factibles de ser recibidas con cierta confiabilidad.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Vol.7(1) 2014, 35-59
Distribución Geoespacial de los Espacios Públicos en el Distrito Central de Honduras
Authors: Sosa Caballero Celina Michelle
Published: April 2016

El equilibrio territorial de la oferta cultural y recreativa de la ciudad del Distrito Central (Tegucigalpa y Comayagüela) y la clasificación de los espacios públicos según el tipo de administración, se analizan en el presente artículo, “Distribución Geospacial de los Espacios Públicos en el Distrito Central de Honduras”, para conocer sobre la disponibilidad de éstos en base a los indicadores de la Agenda 21 Cultural.Para cumplir con estos objetivos, metodológicamente, se ha hecho uso de las herramientas que proporcionan los softwares de sistemas de información geografía para analizar la concentración y dispersión de la infraestructura cultural, recreativa y deportiva en relación al centro de la ciudad y la clasificación de los espacios públicos según el tipo de administración (pública, privada y sin fines de lucro) para, generar los indicadores sobre la disponibilidad de los espacios públicos.Del análisis de los mapas se concluye que la mayor parte de las instalaciones son deportivas, existiendo muy poca dotación de instalaciones culturales. Sobre la distribución geoespacial, hay tres tendencias, una, la ubicación de instalaciones deportivas se distribuyen por toda la ciudad, la otra, las instalaciones culturales se concentran en torno al centro de la ciudad y la tercera, la poca disponibilidad de parques y plazas residenciales donde los vecinos de una colonia o barrio puedan realizar sus actividades de recreación.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Vol.7(1) 2014, 61-75
Firmas espectrales de la cobertura de la Tierra, aplicando radiometría de campo. Fase 1: Región 03 occidente de Honduras
Authors: Corrales Andino Rafael Enrique , Ochoa López Vilma Lorena
Published: April 2016

La investigación se enmarcó dentro de un proyecto nacional cuyo objetivo general es “Crear un catálogo de firmas espectrales a nivel nacional por regiones (según Plan de Nación/Visión de País) y caracterizar las coberturas de las mismas según el Sistema de Clasificación FAO, utilizando el espectro radiómetro ASD, en las bandas del espectro visible al infrarrojo cercano” para disminuir errores por dispersión atmosférica y partículas en suspensión, así como del aporte radiométrico del suelo. Se partió del hecho que el problema principal es la carencia de una base de firmas espectrales de la cobertura de la tierra, el Proyecto Nacional de Firmas espectrales tiene como Hipótesis General que: Las firmas espectrales de las diferentes coberturas de la tierra, adquiridas en campo con un espectro radiómetro, son semejantes a las firmas espectrales orbitales de la imagen corregida por dispersión de Rayleigh, siempre que la imagen sea de la misma fecha de observación. Como resultados se obtuvieron firmas espectrales de las categorías de las coberturas de la tierra: Bosque de Pino, Matorral, Agricultura, Pastos y Suelo. Para las coberturas con dominancia vegetal se aplicó el índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada, para identificar la intensidad de biomasa con respecto a las condiciones fenológicas. Al mismo tiempo se realizó un ajuste a las condiciones del suelo, para identificar el aporte que la reflectancia de fondo (suelo) introduce en la firma espectral de la vegetación. En el análisis de la correlación entre la radiometría de la imagen corregida atmosféricamente y la radiometría de campo, realizado con las dos coberturas que presentaron mayor dificultad de separación espectral: Cafetal y Matorral, resulto que la correlación es alta, con un R2 en ambos casos de 0.99, lo que comprobó la hipótesis planteada. Y se concluyó que las firmas espectrales sirven para calibrar imágenes sin correcciones radiométricas.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Vol.7(1) 2014, 76-96
Tendencias curriculares en Astronomía Cultural
Authors: Mejuto Javier
Published: April 2016

El presente trabajo realiza un recorrido por la situación académica de la disciplina desde sus primeros pasos hasta el presente proyectando el futuro de la misma en los próximos años. El objetivo es su presencia fuerte y definitiva en los centros de educación superior. Se realiza un análisis global de los diferentes planes de estudios -tanto en educación formal como no formal- en Astronomía Cultural y disciplinas afines para conocer las tendencias y materias que están conformando en la actualidad el cuerpo de conocimientos y competencias de los egresados de estos estudios. Debido a la baja inclusión en el ambiente académico de la disciplina en todo el mundo se propone la creación de unos estudios de licenciatura en Astronomía Cultural como el siguiente paso necesario para el desarrollo de la disciplina.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Vol.7(1) 2014, 116-131
Ciencias Aeronáuticas: Nuevo campo académico en la UNAH
Authors: Pineda de Carías María Cristina
Published: April 2016

Este artículo describe en términos generales los campos y actividades principales que comprenden las Ciencias Aeronáuticas. Se hace la distinción entre la aeronáutica militar y la aeronáutica civil, posicionando a esta última, en el marco legal nacional e internacional y de diferentes operaciones que se desarrollan a nivel mundial. Se presenta la oferta académica de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras por medio de la Facultad de Ciencias Espaciales, y los retos para el establecimiento de este nuevo campo académico desde la Escuela de Ciencias Aeronáuticas.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Vol. 7(2) 2014, 5-12
Estudio para la elaboración de la asignatura electiva “Introducción a las Aeronaves”
Authors: Betancourt Mendoza Iván Vladimir
Published: April 2016

Como una inducción al campo de las ciencias aeronáuticas a nivel superior en Honduras, se elabora este estudio con el objetivo de incorporar esta área del conocimiento a la oferta académica que brinda la UNAH a sus estudiantes. La metodología seguida fue la recolección de distintas experiencias del autor en el ambiente aeronáutico Hondureño desde la cual se determinó, la necesidad de conocimientos que se tiene en esta ciencia, así como el tipo de material o tipo de contenidos que se debería desarrollar para una optima enseñanza del tema aeronáutico, específicamente en el funcionamiento básico de una aeronave. Por otro lado, se investigaron los temas que abordan otras Universidades para la iniciación en la enseñanza del campo aeronáutico y con esto hacer un bench-marking adecuándolos a nuestro ambiente nacional.Fruto de este ejercicio se establece un contraste, entre las falencias o lagunas de conocimiento que se pueda tener por parte del personal que ya se desempeña en el campo, y la oferta académica que ya brindan Universidades extranjeras con experiencia en la formación aeronáutica. Esto nos lleva a desembocar en definir temas específicos que deben incluirse en la enseñanza de un primer curso de iniciación a la aeronáutica para futuros estudiantes universitarios, basados en la necesidad nacional y la experiencia internacional en cuanto a la educación aeronáutica a nivel superior.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Vol. 7(2) 2014, 53-73