bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Technique for Non-Invasive Short-Localisation in Thin Dielectric Layers by Electron Beam Absorbed Current (EBAC) Imaging
Authors: Simon-Najasek Michél , Jatzkowski Jörg , Große Christian , Altmann Frank
Published: December 2020

In this paper a novel approach for precise localisation of thin oxide breakdowns in transistor or capacitor structures by electron beam absorbed current (EBAC) imaging based on Scanning Electron Microscopy will be presented. The technique significantly improves sensitivity and lateral resolution of short localisation in comparison to standard techniques, e.g. Photoemission Microscopy, and provides direct defect navigation within a combined FIB/SEM system for further cross section analysis. The oxide short is minimal affected by electrical stimulation preserving its original defect structure for further physical root cause analysis. The feasibility of this new technique is demonstrated on a gate oxide (GOX) and two capacitor oxide (COX) breakdown failures.
3D IC/Stacked Device Fault Isolation Using 3D Magnetic Field Imaging
Authors: Orozco A. , Gagliolo N.E. , Rowlett C. , Wong E. , Moghe A. , Gaudestad J. , Talanov V. , Jeffers A. , Torkashvan K. , Wellstood F.C. , Dobritz Stephan , Boettcher Mathias , Cawthorne A.B. , Infante F.
Published: December 2020

The need to increase transistor packing density beyond Moore's Law and the need for expanding functionality, realestate management and faster connections has pushed the industry to develop complex 3D package technology which includes System-in-Package (SiP), wafer-level packaging, through-silicon-vias (TSV), stacked-die and flex packages. These stacks of microchips, metal layers and transistors have caused major challenges for existing Fault Isolation (FI) techniques and require novel non-destructive, true 3D Failure Localization techniques. We describe in this paper innovations in Magnetic Field Imaging for FI that allow current 3D mapping and extraction of geometrical information about current location for non-destructive fault isolation at every chip level in a 3D stack.
Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy for Through-Silicon Imaging and Fault Isolation of Integrated Circuits
Authors: Giridharagopal R. , Eiles T.M. , Niu B.
Published: December 2020

We present the first known images acquired using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) through backside silicon on functional integrated circuit samples with higher resolution than conventional fault isolation (FI) tools. NSOM offers the possibility of substantially-improved lateral resolution independent of excitation wavelength. Current FI techniques have challenged the resolution limits of conventional optics technology, even in the best solid immersion lens (SIL) to date. This poses a problem for future process technology nodes. This resolution barrier is a by-product of the diffraction limit. In Fourier terms, a conventional lens filters out highfrequency information and thus limits the resolution. In NSOM, by placing a tip with an aperture in extreme proximity to the surface it is possible to capture the near-field light that contains high-frequency information, thereby circumventing the diffraction limit. The tangible benefit is that the resolution is substantially improved. We show that NSOM can be used in backside subsurface imaging of silicon, mirroring the paradigm used in typical optical FI. We present optical reflectance data through ~100 nm of remaining backside Si on functional 22 nm CMOS IC parts with lateral resolution approaching 100 nm. We then discuss potential methods for using NSOM in practical backside fault isolation applications and for improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Visible Light LVP on Bulk Silicon Devices
Authors: Beutler Joshua , Hodges V. Carter , Clement J. Joseph , Stevens Jeffery , Cole Edward I. , Silverman Scott , Chivas Robert
Published: December 2020

Visible light laser voltage probing (LVP) for backside improved optical spatial resolution is demonstrated on ultrathinned bulk Si samples. A prototype system for data acquisition, a method to produce ultra-thinned bulk samples as well as LVP signal, imaging, and waveform acquisition are described on bulk Si devices. Spatial resolution and signal comparison with conventional, infrared LVP analysis is discussed.
Non-Destructive PCB Reverse Engineering Using X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography
Authors: Asadizanjani Navid , Shahbazmohamadi Sina , Tehranipoor Mark , Forte Domenic
Published: December 2020

Reverse engineering of electronics systems is performed for various reasons ranging from honest ones such as failure analysis, fault isolation, trustworthiness verification, obsolescence management, etc. to dishonest ones such as cloning, counterfeiting, identification of vulnerabilities, development of attacks, etc. Regardless of the goal, it is imperative that the research community understands the requirements, complexities, and limitations of reverse engineering. Until recently, the reverse engineering was considered as destructive, time consuming, and prohibitively expensive, thereby restricting its application to a few remote cases. However, the advents of advanced characterization and imaging tools and software have counteracted this point of view. In this paper, we show how X-ray micro-tomography imaging can be combined with advanced 3D image processing and analysis to facilitate the automation of reverse engineering, and thereby lowering the associated time and cost. In this paper, we demonstrate our proposed process on two different printed circuit boards (PCBs). The first PCB is a four-layer custom designed board while the latter is a more complex commercial system. Lessons learned from this effort can be used to both develop advanced countermeasures and establish a more efficient workflow for instances where reverse engineering is deemed necessary. Keywords: Printed circuit boards, non-destructive imaging, X-ray tomography, reverse engineering.
Plasma FIB DualBeam Delayering for Atomic Force NanoProbing of 14 nm FinFET Devices in an SRAM Array
Authors: Alvis Roger , Landin Trevan , Rue Chad , Carleson Peter , Sidorov Oleg , Erickson Andrew , Zumwalt Sean , Dixon-Warren Sinjin , Liu Wan-Yi , Chang Shih-Hsin , Chang Te-Fu , Yen Chia-Hsiang , Kuo Pau-Sheng , Chu Chih-Hsun
Published: December 2020

The result of applying normal xenon ion beam milling combined with patented DX chemistry to delayer state-of-theart commercial-grade 14nm finFETs has been demonstrated in a Helios Plasma FIB DualBeam™. AFM, Conductive-AFM and nano-probing with the Hyperion Atomic Force nanoProber™ were used to confirm the capability of the Helios PFIB DualBeam to delayer samples from metal-6 down to metal-0/local interconnect layer and in under two hours produce a sample that is compatible with the fault isolation, redetection, and characterization capabilities of the AFP. IV (current-voltage) curves were obtained from representative metal-0 contacts exposed by the PFIB+DX delayering process and no degradation to device parameters was uncovered in the experiments that were run. Compared to mechanically delayering samples, the many benefits of using the PFIB+DX process to delayer samples for nano-probing were conclusively demonstrated. Such benefits, include sitespecificity, precise control over the amount of material removed, >100μm square DUT (device under test) area, nm-scale flatness over the DUT area, nm-scale topography between contacts and the surrounding ILD, uniform conductivity across the DUT area, all with no obvious detrimental effects on typical DC device parameters measured by nano-probing.
Power Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Tangyunyong Paiboon , Cole Edward I. , Loubriel Guillermo M. , Beutler Joshua , Udoni Darlene M. , Paskaleva Biliana S. , Buchheit Thomas E.
Published: December 2020

We present a new, non-destructive electrical technique, Power Spectrum Analysis (PSA). PSA as described here uses off-normal biasing, an unconventional way of powering microelectronics devices. PSA with off-normal biasing can be used to detect subtle differences between microelectronic devices. These differences, in many cases, cannot be detected by conventional electrical testing. In this paper, we highlight PSA applications related to aging and counterfeit detection.
Non-Destructive 3D Failure Analysis Work Flow for Electrical Failure Analysis in Complex 2.5D-Based Devices Combining 3D Magnetic Field Imaging and 3D X-Ray Microscopy
Authors: Orozco Antonio , Talanova Elena , Jeffers Alex , Rusli Florencia , Zee Bernice , Qiu Wen , ZulkifliAllen Gu Syahirah MD , Mora Juan Atkinson
Published: December 2020

Industry and market requirements keep imposing demands in terms of tighter transistor packing, die and component real estate management on the package, faster connections and expanding functionality. This has forced the semiconductor industry to look for novel packaging approaches to allow for 3D stacking of transistors (the so called “More than Moore”). This complex 3D geometry, with an abundance of opaque layers and interconnects, presents a great challenge for failure analysis (FA). Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field imaging (MFI) has proven to be a natural, useful technique for non-destructively mapping 3D current paths in devices that allows for submicron vertical resolution. 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM) enables 3D tomographic imaging of advanced IC packages without the need to destroy the device. This is because it employs both geometric and optical image magnifications to achieve high spatial resolution. In this paper, we propose a fully nondestructive, 3D-capable workflow for FA comprising 3D MFI and 3D XRM. We present an application of this novel workflow to 3D defect localization in a complex 2.5D device combining high bandwidth memory (HBM) devices and an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) unit on a Si interposer with a signal pin electrical short failure.
Advanced Non-Destructive Fault Isolation Techniques for PCB Substrates Using Magnetic Current Imaging and Terahertz Time Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Choi Daechul , Kim Yoonseong , Kim Jongyun , Kim Han
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we demonstrate cases for actual short and open failures in FCB (Flip Chip Bonding) substrates by using novel non-destructive techniques, known as SSM (Scanning Super-conducting Quantum Interference Device Microscopy) and Terahertz TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) which is able to pinpoint failure locations. In addition, the defect location and accuracy is verified by a NIR (Near Infra-red) imaging system which is also one of the commonly used non-destructive failure analysis tools, and good agreement was made.
Automated Detection of Pin Defects on Counterfeit Microelectronics
Authors: Ghosh Pallabi , Forte Domenic , Woodard Damon L. , Chakraborty Rajat Subhra
Published: December 2020

Counterfeit electronics constitute a fast-growing threat to global supply chains as well as national security. With rapid globalization, the supply chain is growing more and more complex with components coming from a diverse set of suppliers. Counterfeiters are taking advantage of this complexity and replacing original parts with fake ones. Moreover, counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) may contain circuit modifications that cause security breaches. Out of all types of counterfeit ICs, recycled and remarked ICs are the most common. Over the past few years, a plethora of counterfeit IC detection methods have been created; however, most of these methods are manual and require highly-skilled subject matter experts (SME). In this paper, an automated bent and corroded pin detection methodology using image processing is proposed to identify recycled ICs. Here, depth map of images acquired using an optical microscope are used to detect bent pins, and segmented side view pin images are used to detect corroded pins.
Time-Resolved Imaging of VLSI Circuits Using a Single-Point Single-Photon Detector and a Scanning Head
Authors: Stellari Franco , Song Peilin , Iwaki Yoshitaka , Kim Stanley , Villalobos Manuel
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present the first prototype of a Scanning Time-Resolved Emission (STRE) system consisting of a high-sensitivity, low-noise, and low-jitter single-point Superconducting Single-Photon Detector (SSPD) combined with a specialized scanning head of a Laser Scanning Microscope (LSM). This idea was first proposed in late 2006 [1] but required the right combination of detector, customization, and collaboration with a tool vendor to get to fruition. It should be understood that this is still a prototype system under development and significant improvements in acquisition time, resolutions, and performance are expected in the near future. In this paper, we will also present the first preliminary results acquired using a test chip fabricated in 32 nm SOI.
Failure Analysis of FinFET Circuitry at GHz Speeds Using Voltage-Contrast and Stroboscopic Techniques on a Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Vickers James , Somani Seema , Freeman Blake , Carleson Pete , Tùma Lubomír , Unèovský Marek , Hlavenka Petr
Published: December 2020

We report on using the voltage-contrast mechanism of a scanning electron microscope to probe electrical waveforms on FinFET transistors that are located within active integrated circuits. The FinFET devices are accessed from the backside of the integrated circuit, enabling electrical activity on any transistor within a working device to be probed. We demonstrate gigahertz-bandwidth probing at 10-nm resolution using a stroboscopic pulsed electron source.
The Investigation of Oven Contamination and Corresponding Methodology
Authors: Hsieh W. F. , Lin Henry , Chen Vincent , Liu Jun , Ou Irene , Lou Y. S.
Published: December 2020

Contamination and particle reduction are critical to semiconductor process control. Lots of failure analysis had been focused on finding the root cause of the particle and contamination. The particle and contamination effect were also easily found in circuit probing (CP) process, and therefore induced yield loss and wafer scrap. In the first part of this paper, an oven contamination case was studied. The second part of this paper focus on oven contamination monitoring.

In the beginning, a die flying failure was papered at the stage of blue tape and die sawing. This event clearly indicated bad adhesion between die and plastic tape. This bad adhesion was suspected to be a particle/contamination layer formed on bad die surface. Three failure analysis (FA) approaches were performed to find out the root cause. The SEM/EDS result identified the main elements of big particle, but that is insufficient to identify the root cause. The OM/FTIR, however, showed the contamination may be related to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The last failure analysis was the time of fly Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (TOF-SIMS), the result confirmed that there was a thin PDMS layer formed on the contaminated bad die surface. The high temperature CP process induced PDMS is believed to be the contamination root cause. In order to prevent the oven contamination event, a methodology based on contact angle and wettability of Si matrix sample was set up for regular monitor in oven operation. The details of contact angle test (CAT) sample preparation, measurement and analysis results were also discussed in this paper.
SEMINAL BREAKTHROUGH IN TACTILE PICTOGRAM DESIGN FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN TRAIN STATION
Authors: Fadhlillah Fariz
Published: December 2020

One of the ideal public transportation facilities for the visually impaired in daily activities is trains. To be used at maximum, there is a need for communicative media to support the independence of orientation and mobility for the visually impaired in the train station. The media plays a role in supporting visually impaired individuals to know where they are, where to go, and how to reach the destination. The previous result regarding visually impaired ability to identify pictorial form which is designed with Primadi Tabrani’s ancient visual language semiotic approach shows a great opportunity for a pictogram to be the solution. However, the challenge is how to make the visually impaired person understand the meaning description that has been designed into tactile pictogram by touch. Basic consideration in designing process is the clarity of visual form when being touched, which is influenced by the way the shape is drawn and the tactile height
Link Slab Capacity In Bridges Supported By Lead Rubber Bearing And Elastomer
Authors: Novikasari Inas , Rosyidah Anis
Published: December 2020

Debris accumulation in bridge slab gaps which use expansion joints can restrain deck expansion, causing undesirable forces on floor deck and damage to the structure. In order to avoid the worst possibility that can occur, an alternative using link slab is utilized. The use of link slab at high level seismic force location, requires the Seismic Isolation System on bridge to reduce the seismic force. The application of Seismic Isolation System can be conducted by Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) type of seismic isolator. This study compares the use of Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and elastomer on bridge link slabs against the dimension of the link slab. In this study structural modeling used 2 models: bridges supported by elastomer and bridges supported by LRB with software-made. The link slab analysis approach used were analytical methods or classical methods. Based on results of the analysis, the width of the crack that occured on bridge supported by LRB is 0.218 mm while on the bridge supported by elastomer is 0.269 mm. The use of Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) type of support will give more advantages to the design of the link slab since it results in smaller crack design criteria.
Toplumsal Dönüşümü Bir Köprünün Tarihi Üzerinden Okumak: İvo Andriç ve Drina Köprüsü
Authors: VAREL Anıl
Published: December 2020

İvo Andriç’in, 1961’de Nobel ödülüne layık görülen ve bir bölümünde Bosna’daki Osmanlı hâkimiyetinin de ele alındığı Drina Köprüsü isimli romanı, literatürde daha ziyade kimlik ve milliyetçilik meseleleri ekseninde tartışma konusu edilmektedir. Oysa bir açıdan bir tarih belgeseli niteliğinde olan bu eserin sosyal bilimcilere sunduğu malzeme, bundan çok daha fazlasını içermektedir. Nitekim pre-modern/pre-kapitalist toplumların modern/kapitalist toplumlara dönüşüm süreciyle ilgilenenler açısından roman, konuya dair literatürdeki kuramsal ve tarihsel çalışmalara paralel bir okumaya da olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu makalede, Andriç’in rehberliğinde, uygarlığın bilhassa XIX. yüzyılda ivmelenen ve kısa sürede tüm dünyaya sirayet eden bu büyük dönüşümünün (modern/kapitalist çağın doğuş sancılarının), belirli bir yerellikte; Bosna’daki Vişegrad kasabası özelinde nasıl yaşandığı incelenmektedir. Bu itibarla bu çalışma, ‘bütün’ün (modern dönemde uygarlığın yaşadığı büyük dönüşümün) bilgisinin, ‘parça’da (Vişegrad’ın yaşadığı dönüşümü betimleyen bir roman üzerinden) izlenme çabası olarak tarif edilebilir. Bu amaçla, uygarlıkların modernleşme/kapitalistleşme süreçlerine dair sahip olduğumuz evrensel bilgiler ile romanda konu edilen gelişmeler, karşılaştırmalı biçimde ele alınmaktadır. Bu karşılaştırma, romanda işlenen konuların ağırlıklarına göre seçilen belirli temalar etrafında gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bunlar, (I) modern dönemde ideolojik düzeyde gerçekleşen başlıca dönüşümler, (II) kapitalistleşme süreçlerinin temel bazı etkileri ve (III) devlet organizasyonlarının ve devlet ile toplum arasındaki ilişkilerin dönüşümüdür.
Türkiye’de “Daha İyi Bir Yaşam” Peşinde: Türkiye'deki Afgan Mültecilerin Durumunun İnsan Hakları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Talwasa Sanaa
Published: December 2020

Turkey hosts the vast majority, more than four million, of refugees in the world, and Afghans make up the second-largest group of this population. Turkey is considered both a transit, a gate toward European countries, and a destination country for refugees due to its geographical position. Nevertheless, the majority of asylum seekers in Turkey are Syrian who have moved into since 2011. The author claims that Turkey and international refugee supporters prefer Syrian refugees’ legal protection, which causes Afghans to suffer massive violations of basic human rights during their journey to Turkey, after arrival, and while seeking refugee status in Turkey. This paper considers current condition of Afghan asylum seekers’ international human rights in Turkey who are waiting for their final destination toward European countries. Similarly, this paper highlights the possible consequences of current strategies’ application on Afghan refugees’ human rights conditions based on UNHCR's most recent system. The author includes practical recommendations and suggestions for international society as well as Turkey to enhance the human rights condition of refugees, especially Afghans, since this concept requires global cooperation rather than only Turkey’s efforts.
FLEXIBILIZAÇÃO DO CRITÉRIO DE HIPOSSUFICIENCIA NA CONCESSÃO DO BENEFÍCIO DE PRESTAÇÃO CONTINUADA (BPC-LOAS)
Authors: Ferreira Icaro , Reis Jacqueline
Published: December 2020

A Constituição Federal de 1988, no intuito de proporcionar uma melhor condição de vida para as pessoas portadoras de deficiência e idosos de baixa renda, assegurou o direito ao recebimento de um salário mínimo mensal, oriundo do Benefício de  Prestação Continuada (BPC), também conhecido pelo nome da lei que o regulamenta, LOAS. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o BPC e seus critérios de concessão, dando um especial enfoque na possibilidade de flexibilização do critério de hipossuficiência que tem gerado grande repercussão devido a discordâncias da doutrina e jurisprudência com o requisito objetivo previsto no art. 20, §3 da Lei 8.742/93. A abordagem foi realizada utilizando o método dedutivo e pesquisa bibliográfica com caráter descritivo qualitativo e demonstrou-se, através da apresentação de argumentos, o contexto histórico da assistência social, o benefício de prestação continuada e suas espécies e as quatro teses que defendem a flexibilização   do critério de hipossuficiência econômica.
Authors: Tandi Dan , Syahrul Syahrul , Erika Kadek Ayu
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Documentation of nursing care is written evidence of care provided by nurses to patients. Quality nursing care documentation as a reflection of the quality of nursing care. Objective: To find out the quality of documentation of nursing care about how to carry out documentation of nursing care and how to complete documentation of nursing care in hospitals. Method: Literature search was carried out with 4 databases namely PubMed, ProQuest, Wiley Online Library and Google Scholar with the keywords "nursing documentation", "quality", "completeness of documentation" and "nursing care". Articles that met the inclusion criteria are articles published between 2009 and 2019, full text, in English, quantitative. Results: 6 articles with the classification of the implementation of documentation of nursing care and completeness of documentation of nursing care. Conclusion: The quality of documentation of nursing care in hospitals is still low. Therefore, to improve the quality of documentation of nursing care, it is necessary to conduct training, develop awareness, direction, and control, ongoing control, improve organizational culture, change nursing documentation from paper-based to electronic, reduce the workload of nurses by adding nursing staff and policies incentives from hospital management.

Keywords: quality, documentation, nursing care
The Pengaruh Suplementasi L-Threonine dalam Pakan terhadap Kinerja Organ Dalam Ayam Broiler
Authors: Kolo Serfina , Lisnahan Charles V. , Nahak, T.B Oktovianus R.
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kefa Selatan, dan Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Timor, Kota Kefamenanu, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara selama 39 hari sejak Desember 2019 sampai Januari 2020. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi l-threonine dalam pakan terhadap kinerja organ dalam ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan Day Old Chick broiler sebanyak 80 ekor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 5 ekor ayam broiler. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah T0: pakan kontrol, T1: kontrol + 0,5% l-threonine, T2: kontrol + 1,0% l-threonine, T3: kontrol + 1,5% l-threonine. Variabel yang diamati adalah berat hati, berat limpa, berat pankreas, berat gizzard, berat usus halus dan panjang usus ayam broiler. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil Analysis menunjukkan bahwa penambahan l-threonine berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap berat gizzard, berat usus halus dan panjang usus. Kesimpulan suplementasi l-threonine 1,0% dalam pakan efektif meningkatkan berat gizzard, berat usus halus dan panjang usus ayam broiler.
A Novel Gene Delivery Vector of Agonistic Anti-Radioprotective 105 Expressed on Cell Membranes Shows Adjuvant Effect for DNA Immunization Against Influenza
Authors: Yamazaki Tatsuya , Biswas Mrityunjoy , Kosugi Kouyu , Nagashima Maria , Inui Masanori , Tomono Susumu , Takagi Hidekazu , Ichimonji Isao , Nagaoka Fumiaki , Ainai Akira , Hasegawa Hideki , Chiba Joe , Akashi-Takamura Sachiko
Published: December 2020

Radioprotective 105 (RP105) (also termed CD180) is an orphan and unconventional Toll-like receptor (TLR) that lacks an intracellular signaling domain. The agonistic anti-RP105 monoclonal antibody (mAb) can cross-link RP105 on B cells, resulting in the proliferation and activation of B cells. Anti-RP105 mAb also has a potent adjuvant effect, providing higher levels of antigen-specific antibodies compared to alum. However, adjuvanticity is required for the covalent link between anti-RP105 mAb and the antigen. This is a possible obstacle to immunization due to the link between anti-RP105 mAb and some antigens, especially multi-transmembrane proteins. We have previously succeeded in inducing rapid and potent recombinant mAbs in mice using antibody gene-based delivery. To simplify the covalent link between anti-RP105 mAb and antigens, we generated genetic constructs of recombinant anti-RP105 mAb (αRP105) bound to the transmembrane domain of the IgG-B cell receptor (TM) (αRP105-TM), which could enable the anti-RP105 mAb to link the antigenviathe cell membrane. We confirmed the expression of αRP105-TM and the antigen hemagglutinin, which is a membrane protein of the influenza virus, on the same cell. We also found that αRP105-TM could activate splenic B cells, including both mature and immature cells, depending on the cell surface RP105in vitro. To evaluate the adjuvanticity of αRP105-TM, we conducted DNA immunization in mice with the plasmids encoding αRP105-TM and hemagglutinin, followed by challenge with an infection of a lethal dose of an influenza virus. We then obtained partially but significantly hemagglutinin-specific antibodies and observed protective effects against a lethal dose of influenza virus infection. The current αRP105-TM might provide adjuvanticity for a vaccineviaa simple preparation of the expression plasmids encoding αRP105-TM and of that encoding the target antigen.
HHIP Overexpression Suppresses Human Gastric Cancer Progression and Metastasis by Reducing Its CpG Island Methylation
Authors: Song Yu , Tu Jianchen , Cheng Yanan , Zhou Fang , Liu Peilin , Zhou Shuangshuang , Gu Yongjun , Sun Yang
Published: December 2020

Human hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP), a negative regulator of hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway, has been reported to be dysregulated in many types of cancer, including gastric cancer. However, the inhibitory role of HHIP as well as the underlying molecular mechanism of HHIP regulation in gastric cancer haven’t been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we demonstrated that HHIP overexpression significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion of AGS cells evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and transwell assays, respectively. Interestingly, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR, MSP) showed that HHIP overexpression dramatically decreased its de novo promoter methylation levels in AGS cells. Furthermore, HHIP expression was higher in adjacent non-cancerous tissue compared to matched gastric cancer tissue. High HHIP level was negatively correlated with metastasis (p = 0.035) but not local recurrence (p = 0.58). Taken together, our study suggested that HHIP can modulate gastric cancer progression and metastasis via regulation of its de novo promoter methylation levels in a feedback manner. Lower HHIP levels is positively associated with gastric cancer metastasis, which not only indicates HHIP could be served as a protective marker for gastric cancer, but also suggests restoring HHIP expression might be a potential therapeutic strategy for clinical treatment.
The Effects of Subliminal Goal Priming on Emotional Response Inhibition in Cases of Major Depression
Authors: Zhang Man , Wang Suhong , Zhang Jing , Jiao Can , Chen Yuqi , Chen Ni , Zhao Yijia , Wang Yonger , Zhang Shufang
Published: December 2020

Previous studies have provided evidence that automatic emotion regulation (AER), which is primed by control goals, can change emotion trajectory unconsciously. However, the cognitive mechanism and associated changes in depression remain unclear. The current study aimed to examine whether subliminal goal priming could change the emotional response inhibition among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their healthy controls. A group of patients with depression and a healthy control group were both primed subliminally by playing control goal related or neutral words for 20 ms each; afterward, they judged the gender of happy or angry faces in an emotional Go/No-Go task. A group of depressed patients and a healthy control group both were both primed subliminally with control goal-related words (20 ms) or neutral words (20 ms), and they judged the gender of happy or angry faces in an emotional Go/No-Go task. Among patients with depression, there were fewer false alarms of the No-Go response to emotional stimulus after priming with control goal rather than neutral words. Meanwhile, patients with MDD in the subliminal regulation goal priming condition reacted faster to happy rather than angry faces; no significant difference was found in the subliminal neutral priming condition. These findings suggest the malleability of inhibitory control in depression using subliminal priming goals.
Process Evaluation and Experience Sharing on Utilizing Information Communication Technologies and Digital Games in a Large Community Family Health Event: Hong Kong Jockey Club SMART Family-Link Project
Authors: Sit Shirley M. M. , Lai Agnes Y. K. , Kwok Tai-on , Wong Hoi-wa , Wong Yiu-lun , Lam Eliza Y. W. , Chan Judy Y. W. , Kong Florence S. W. , Cham Kerin , Ng Charles K. K. , Yip Teresa , Tsui Terry S. Y. , Wong Chiu-man , Wong Bell C. L. , Tang Wai-yan , Yam Pui-wah , Chui Macy , Wan Alice , Kwok Yu-kwong , Lam Tai-hing
Published: December 2020

Background: Information communication technologies (ICT) are increasingly used in health promotion, but integration is challenging and involves complex processes. Large community health promotion events are often held but the experiences and processes have rarely been evaluated and published. No reports have described and systematically evaluated an ICT-supported health promotion event using digital games.

Objective: We evaluated the development and implementation of a large community family health promotion event with ICT integration to promote family happiness with collaboration between academia (The University of Hong Kong) and the social (family) service sector, and collected feedback from participants and social service workers.

Methods: We (i) conducted a systematic process evaluation, (ii) administered an on-site questionnaire survey on participant satisfaction and feedback, and (iii) collected post-event qualitative feedback from social workers on using new technologies, digital game design and overall experiences.

Results: Fourteen digital games were designed and run in booths at the event by 12 non-governmental social service organizations and academia. Four gaming technologies were utilized: chroma key (green screen), somatosensory (kinect and leap motion techniques), augmented reality and virtual reality. 1,365 participants joined the event, in which 1,257 from 454 families were recruited and pre-registered through 12 NGOs. About 39.3% were male and more than half (53.3%) were aged 18 years and above. About 3,487 game booth headcounts were recorded. Games using virtual reality, kinect motion and green screen technologies were most liked. The average game satisfaction score was high (4.5 out of 5). Social service workers reported positive experiences with using new technologies in health promotion, and interests in future collaborations involving more ICT.

Conclusions: Our systematic evaluation showed successful integration of ICT components in the health promotion event. This event, most likely the first of its kind, served as a capacity building and knowledge transfer platform for interdisciplinary co-sharing and co-learning of new technologies. It provided a solid foundation for further academic and social service partnerships and should be a useful model for similar community events and their evaluation. Further development and integration of ICT for health promotion among social service organizations with comprehensive evaluation are warranted.
Uma nota sobre o Realismo, de Robert Louis Stevenson
Authors: Fernandes dos Santos Thaís
Published: December 2020

Apresentamos uma proposta de tradução integral do ensaio literário intitulado Uma nota sobre o Realismo, da língua inglesa para o português brasileiro, do poeta e escritor escocês Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894), que foi publicado originalmente em 1912, e integra a coleção Essays in The Art of Writing (1917 [2012]). Nele, Stevenson discorre sobre a técnica de escrita aplicada ao texto literário, dos elementos de estilos e dos contornos nela detalhados, que podem revelar a originalidade do projeto estético do autor.
CONSORCIAÇÕES ALTERNATIVAS PARA A CULTIVAR TBIO LENOX (Triticum aestivum L.) EXCLUSIVO PARA PASTEJO
Authors: De Mello Facco José Nilton , Medianeira Machado Juliana , Lampert Batista Facco Fernanda , Silveira Diógenes , Kunz Anderson
Published: December 2020

Com o intuito de ofertar forragem de forma precoce e por um maior período de tempo, recentemente foi lançada no mercado uma cultivar de trigo direcionada exclusivamente para pastejo. Dado o exposto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características agronômicas da cultivar TBIO Lenox (Triticum aestivum L.) exclusiva para pastejo em cultivo extreme ou consociado com outros sistemas forrageiros. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com            seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por sistemas forrageiros: trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. TBIO Lenox, aveia preta (Avena strigosa L.) cv. BRS 139 Neblina e ervilhaca (Vicia sativa L.) cv. Comum em cultivo extreme ou consorciadas. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância, teste de Tukey à 5% de probabilidade de erro e análise de agrupamento entre os sistemas forrageiros. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar que a cultivar de trigo exclusiva para pastejo apresenta-se como uma boa alternativa forrageira com acrescemos na produção de forragem quando consorciada a leguminosa ou gramínea, sendo indicada em práticas de consorciações economicamente viáveis. Sistemas forrageiros consorciados possibilitaram maior disponibilidade de N aos sistemas forrageiras, destacando a consorciação de trigo com ervilhaca, indicada como estratégia na mitigação da utilização de adubação nitrogenada.
USO DA L-GLUTAMINA E DO ZINCO EM DIETAS DE FRANGOS DE CORTE PARA REDUZIR OS EFEITOS DO ESTRESSE POR CALOR
Authors: Daniela Cristina Pereira Lima  , Elvania Maria da Silva Costa Moreira  , Sandra Regina Gomes da Silva  , Mirian Lima Fernandes  , Maria do Carmo da Silva Veiga  , Ramon Rego Merval  , Hidaliana Paumerik Aguiar Bastos  , Agustinho Valente de Figueiredo
Published: December 2020

Em consequência dos efeitos do estresse por calor sobre a produção de frangos de corte e visando contribuir para que o país continue em posição de destaque na produção e exportação de carne de frango, pesquisas vêm sendo realizadas em busca de novos meios, principalmente relacionados à nutrição, que possibilitem a redução dos efeitos deletérios de condições ambientais adversas, e dentre esses se destaca a utilização de minerais, vitaminas e aminoácidos. Objetivou-se com essa revisão de literatura apresentar a utilização da L-glutamina e do zinco em dietas para frangos de corte visando reduzir os efeitos do estresse por calor.
Estrategias deliberadas y emergentes y su relación con el proceso de duelo psicológico: Resultados de un taller en gestión estratégica
Authors: Hernández-Betancur Juan Esteban , Montoya Restrepo Luz Alexandra , Montoya Restrepo Iván Alonso
Published: December 2020

Los agentes generan vínculos con la estrategia deliberada y la posibilidad de surgimiento de la estrategia emergente; proceso que puede ser explicado por el duelo psicológico. El documento tuvo como propósito identificar la relación entre el ciclo de las estrategias deliberadas y las estrategias emergentes, y el proceso de duelo psicológico. Se desarrolló un taller de estrategia basado en el “juego de la cerveza”, con posterior aplicación de una encuesta que buscaba identificar la percepción de los participantes. Se estableció una relación teórica del proceso de duelo psicológico y el ciclo entre las estrategias deliberadas y emergentes, a partir de la ruptura del vínculo del agente con el plan y la sensación de las etapas del proceso de duelo. Además, se identificó la declaración (por parte de los participantes) de la existencia de un vínculo entre el agente y el plan, y la existencia de las etapas del duelo psicológico dentro de la ruptura de este.
Lo anterior, permite conocer los estados por los que deben pasar los agentes para darle continuidad a su viabilidad dentro de los sistemas, para tomar decisiones por medio de estrategias emergentes.
EFETIVIDADE DO TRATAMENTO MANIPULATIVO OSTEOPÁTICO NOS SINAIS VITAIS, EM NEONATOS COM DISFUNÇÃO DE SUTURA CRANIANA
Authors: Vilagra José Mohamud , Abico Ricardo Massao , Abico Sergio Toshiro , Grando Felipe , Da Silva Rafael Correa Vieira
Published: December 2020

O Tratamento Manipulativo Osteopático (TMO) foi testado com sucesso no contexto de neonatos a termo saudáveis. No presente estudo foram monitorados os efeitos da TMO sobre a Frequência Cardíaca (FC), Saturação de Oxigênio (SpO2) e Frequência Respiratória (FR); imediatamente após o tratamento e após 10 minutos e 24 horas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a efetividade do tratamento manipulativo osteopático nos valores da FC, SpO2 e FR e comparar com o efeito do toque estático. Materiais e Métodos: a pesquisa trata-se de um ensaio clínico aleatório de acordo com as regras do Consort-Statement, a amostra foi composta por 46 neonatos, recrutados no Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná no ano de 2020; os participantes do estudo foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Toque estático (G1) e Tratamento Manipulativo Osteopática (G2); a intervenção foi realizada em um único procedimento. Resultados: houve significância estatística no pós intervenção imediata, para a redução da FC para os dois grupos e para o G2 também foram identificados aumento da SpO2 e redução da FR na avaliação de 10 minutos e 24 horas pós intervenção. Portanto, conclui-se que para neonatos, uma única intervenção osteopática pode induzir a alterações benéficas sobre os sinas vitais.
ABDOMINAL WALL RECONSTRUCTION BY BILATERAL TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS RELEASE – A MASTERLY PROCEDURE
Authors: Bhunia Anirban , Panja Soumyajyoti
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: In ventral hernia repair, closure of the defect is one of the most significant challenges, especially in a wide defect, large hernias with loss of domain, and recurrent hernias. Posterior component separation with transverses abdominis muscle release (TAR) is a novel approach that offers a solution for complex ventral hernias.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical effectiveness of posterior abdominal wall components separation with transversus abdominis muscle release (PCS-TAR) in the management of ventral abdominal hernia with loss of domain.
METHOD: The posterior component separation by transversus abdominis muscle release (simply TAR) is a modification of the Rives-Stoppa procedure which combines it with developing of a large retro-muscular/pre-peritoneal plane and a consistent medial advancement of the abdominal wall musculature and accompanying fascia. This preserves the neurovascular bundles innervating the medial abdominal wall. Mesh is placed in a sublay fashion above the posterior layer. In an overwhelming majority of patients, the linea alba is reconstructed, creating a functional abdominal wall with wide mesh reinforcement.
RESULT: We used this procedure in a case of large median ventral incisional hernia. Our patient was a known post-operative case of exploratory laparotomy for ileal perforation following blunt abdominal trauma. Ileostomy was done due to gross intraperitoneal contamination. His post-operative recovery was complicated by wound dehiscence previously. Patient presented with a hernia along the midline wound with a gap of 12*7 cm. After the abdominal wall reconstruction procedure (TAR) with mesh placement over posterior rectus sheath (15*20cm) his post op recovery was uneventful. There was no recurrence till follow up of 3 months.
CONCLUSION: TAR seems to be the effective approach for complex hernias with good immediate outcomes.
A COMPARISON OF CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS ON OCT IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SICS AND PHACOEMULSIFICATION WITH INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION
Authors: Asgaonkar Priyanka D. , Badhe K. P.
Published: December 2020

AIM: To compare the CCT (CCT) on OCT in patients of senile cataract undergoing Phacoemulsification versus SICS with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a descriptive, longitudinal study done on 168 patients > 50 years who underwent SICS or phacoemulcification with IOL implantation. Preoperative and postoperative CCT and visual outcomes were noted.
RESULTS: Preoperatively CCT values in phaco and SICS groups were 513 and 507.65 respectively which increased to 592 and 555.27 respectively on post-op Day1. On day 7 and day 30 CCT values in SICS group were 527.75 and 513.62 and in phaco group were 538.42 and 519.13 respectively.
CONCLUSION: There was significant increase in CCT in both groups on postop day 1 (phaco > SICS). However on subsequent postop days 7 and 30 the CCT values in both groups kept on decreasing and reached close to preoperative value. Though overall CCT values of SICS group were lower as compared to phaco group, the difference between two groups was statistically insignificant.
THE OBSERVATIONAL & CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF CLINICAL PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONING AT MGM MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, JAMSHEDPUR, JHARKHAND
Authors: Pandey Sanjay Kumar , Dorai Mangesh , Sarkar P. , Jana Debarshi
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical presentation and outcome of acute organophosphorus(OP) poisoning.
METHODS: This case series included 94 cases from medical wards/emergency/I.C.U. of MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand from March 2019 to February 2020. all patients of organophosphorus poisoning showing either sign of muscarinic or nicotinic effects were included. We did exclude those patients with doubtful poisoning.
RESULTS: Ninety-Four patients with organophosphate poisoning were admitted. Among these 61% were males and 39% were females. Modes of poisoning were suicidal in 61% of cases, accidental in 35%, and 4% were homicidal. The clinical presentation of acute poisoning was variable however the most consistent feature was miosis (98%). As per WHO classification for severity of organophosphorus poisoning; 57% of cases were moderate, 27% were severe, and 16% were mild. The mortality rate was 17% and mostly among patients who presented with severe symptoms and presented late.
CONCLUSION: OPs are the main chemical threat to young people, depressed individuals, and farmworkers. so rapid diagnosis and early treatment is essential to save
COMPARISON OF SUBLINGUAL MISOPROSTOLAND PER VAGINAL MISOPROSTOL FOR PAIN RELIEF DURING AND AFTER HSG PROCEDURE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Ghosh Biswajit , Karmakar Rajesh , Mullick Dipa , DattaRoy Chaitali , Jana Debarshi
Published: December 2020

Background: Misoprostol has been extensively used in obstetrics and has proved to be a very effective cervical softening agent before termination of pregnancy. The beneficial effects on cervical ripening may make misoprostol a desirable agent for helping cervical dilatation on non pregnant women.
Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of pre-procedure sublingual misoprostol versus pervaginal misoprostol for relief of pain during and after the HSG procedure.
Materials and methods: Study was initiated after approval from the IEC. There after subject recruitment had done form July 2017 to June 2018 in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (indoor setting) of IPGME&R & SSKM Hospital
Result: We found that association of cervical resistance score vas vs. group was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Association of need for analgesics vs. group was not statistically significant (p=0.11004). Association of any adverse effect vs. group was not statistically significant (p=1.0000). Difference of mean age vs. group was not statistically significant (p=0.0717).
Conclusion: There was no significant difference of pain after the HSG procedure in both the group. The patients who were received sublingual misoprostol had significantly low cervical resistance during the procedure.
La República Aymara de Laureano Machaka
Authors: Portugal Pedro
Published: December 2020

Abstract/short description:

The article tries to analyze an incident from the 1950s in Bolivia. In June 1956, an Aymara peasant and activist named Laureano Machaka with a group of followers announced the creation of Aymara Republic in the Camacho Province. This took place in a period of significant turmoil in Bolivia, when political infighting between right- and left-wing groups has led to total disorder in La Paz. The creation of the Aymara Republic can be related to the rise of the peasant and Aymara movements. The Republic's existence was cut short, as Laureano Machaka was killed later in the same year.

Short description written by Michał Gilewski
Rituales altiplánicos y cuzqueños en Atacama, acuerdos i tensiones: el caso de Turi
Authors: Aldunate del Solar Carlos
Published: December 2020

Abstract/short description:

The archaeological sites of Pukara de Turi and Likan lie at the Atacama Desert in the Autofagasta province, Chile. In both of those sites limited traces of "Altiplano" and Cuzquean influences can be found. At first, only Altiplano influences were present. Only during 16th century Inca influences have appeared, which is evidenced by the presence of Inca kallankas structures.

Short description written by Michal Gilewski