bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produktion von naturwissenschaftlichen Informationen im Internet am Beispiel von Wikipedia
Authors: Nestler Steffen , Leckelt Marius , Back Mitja D. , Beck Ina von der , Cress Ulrike , Oeberst Aileen
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung. Im Internet können Laien nicht nur naturwissenschaftliche Informationen passiv rezipieren, sondern diese auch aktiv produzieren. Wie verarbeiten sie dabei Informationen, sofern sie unsicher und widersprüchlich sind? Während Forschungsarbeiten dazu vorliegen, wie Rezipienten mit fragilen und konflikthaften Informationen und Theorien umgehen, ist bisher noch wenig zu den Einflussfaktoren auf die Produktion von naturwissenschaftlichen Informationen durch Laien im Internet bekannt. In unserem Beitrag zeigen wir verschiedene Einflussfaktoren auf und leiten Vorhersagen zum Produktionsverhalten und den resultierenden Textprodukten ab. Schließlich illustrieren wir unsere Überlegungen an der Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia.
Motivierte Wissenschaftsrezeption
Authors: Rothmund Tobias , Gollwitzer Mario , Nauroth Peter , Bender Jens
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung. Wir bezeichnen motivierte Wissenschaftsrezeption als ein Phänomen, bei dem motivationale Zustände die kognitive Verarbeitung wissenschaftlicher Evidenz auf eine Weise beeinflussen, die es dem Rezipienten erlaubt Schlussfolgerungen zu ziehen, die ihrerseits kongruent mit dem entsprechenden motivationalen Zustand sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wollen wir motivierte Wissenschaftsrezeption als ein psychologisches Phänomen beschreiben und auf der Basis sozialpsychologischer Konzepte und neuer empirischer Befunde aus dem Schwerpunktprogramm „Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit“ beleuchten. Dabei konzentrieren wir uns auf folgende Fragen: Worin äußert sich motivierte Wissenschaftsrezeption? Wie kann motivierte Wissenschaftsrezeption psychologisch erklärt werden? Welche Herausforderungen resultieren für die psychologische Forschung?
Der Einfluss von Abbildungen auf das Verstehen von und Vertrauen in wissenschaftsbasierte Informationen
Authors: Knuth-Herzig Katja , Horz Holger , Isberner Maj-Britt
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung. In der Wissenschaftskommunikation sind Abbildungen allgegenwärtig. Zumeist handelt es sich dabei um Fotos, um beschriebene Sachverhalte zu veranschaulichen und Diagramme, um Forschungsergebnisse zu visualisieren. Somit stellt sich die Frage nach der Wirkung, die solche Abbildungen auf das Verstehen wissenschaftsbasierter Aussagen haben. Eine besondere Rolle scheint dabei dem Vertrauen in die kommunizierten Inhalte zuzukommen. Um diesen komplexen Zusammenhang zu modellieren, ist die Verzahnung von Wissenschaftskommunikation und psychologischer Forschung notwendig.
Cobamide-mediated enzymatic reductive dehalogenation via long-range electron transfer
Authors: Kunze Cindy , Bommer Martin , Hagen Wilfred R. , Uksa Marie , Dobbek Holger , Schubert Torsten , Diekert Gabriele
Published: July 2017

The capacity of metal-containing porphyrinoids to mediate reductive dehalogenation is implemented in cobamide-containing reductive dehalogenases (RDases), which serve as terminal reductases in organohalide-respiring microbes. RDases allow for the exploitation of halogenated compounds as electron acceptors. Their reaction mechanism is under debate. Here we report on substrate–enzyme interactions in a tetrachloroethene RDase (PceA) that also converts aryl halides. The shape of PceA’s highly apolar active site directs binding of bromophenols at some distance from the cobalt and with the hydroxyl substituent towards the metal. A close cobalt–substrate interaction is not observed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nonetheless, a halogen substituent para to the hydroxyl group is reductively eliminated and the path of the leaving halide is traced in the structure. Based on these findings, an enzymatic mechanism relying on a long-range electron transfer is concluded, which is without parallel in vitamin B12-dependent biochemistry and represents an effective mode of RDase catalysis.
A transcriptomics data-driven gene space accurately predicts liver cytopathology and drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Kohonen Pekka , Parkkinen Juuso A. , Willighagen Egon L. , Ceder Rebecca , Wennerberg Krister , Kaski Samuel , Grafström Roland C.
Published: July 2017

Predicting unanticipated harmful effects of chemicals and drug molecules is a difficult and costly task. Here we utilize a ‘big data compacting and data fusion’—concept to capture diverse adverse outcomes on cellular and organismal levels. The approach generates from transcriptomics data set a ‘predictive toxicogenomics space’ (PTGS) tool composed of 1,331 genes distributed over 14 overlapping cytotoxicity-related gene space components. Involving ∼2.5 × 108data points and 1,300 compounds to construct and validate the PTGS, the tool serves to: explain dose-dependent cytotoxicity effects, provide a virtual cytotoxicity probability estimate intrinsic to omics data, predict chemically-induced pathological states in liver resulting from repeated dosing of rats, and furthermore, predict human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from hepatocyte experiments. Analysing 68 DILI-annotated drugs, the PTGS tool outperforms and complements existing tests, leading to a hereto-unseen level of DILI prediction accuracy.
Microwave-free nuclear magnetic resonance at molecular scales
Authors: Wood James D. A. , Tetienne Jean-Philippe , Broadway David A. , Hall Liam T. , Simpson David A. , Stacey Alastair , Hollenberg Lloyd C. L.
Published: July 2017

The implementation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at the nanoscale is a major challenge, as the resolution of conventional methods is limited to mesoscopic scales. Approaches based on quantum spin probes, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond, have achieved nano-NMR under ambient conditions. However, the measurement protocols require application of complex microwave pulse sequences of high precision and relatively high power, placing limitations on the design and scalability of these techniques. Here we demonstrate NMR on a nanoscale organic environment of proton spins using the NV centre while eliminating the need for microwave manipulation of either the NV or the environmental spin states. We also show that the sensitivity of our significantly simplified approach matches that of existing techniques using the NV centre. Removing the requirement for coherent manipulation while maintaining measurement sensitivity represents a significant step towards the development of robust, non-invasive nanoscale NMR probes.
Heliosterpenoids A and B, two Novel Jatrophane-Derived Diterpenoids with a 5/6/4/6 Ring System from Euphorbia helioscopia
Authors: Mai Zhen-Peng , Ni Gang , Liu Yan-Fei , Li Li , Shi Guo-Ru , Wang Xin , Li Jia-Yuan , Yu De-Quan
Published: July 2017

Heliosterpenoids A and B (1 and 2), two unprecedented jatrophane-derived diterpenoid esters with a novel 5/6/4/6-fused tetracyclic ring skeleton, were isolated from the whole plants of Euphorbia helioscopia. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. The plausible biogenetic pathways of 1 and 2 were postulated. 1 and 2 were found to be potent inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and 1 also exhibited cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cell lines.
Emerging patterns of plasmid-host coevolution that stabilize antibiotic resistance
Authors: Stalder Thibault , Rogers Linda M. , Renfrow Chris , Yano Hirokazu , Smith Zachary , Top Eva M.
Published: July 2017

Multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens have become a serious global human health threat, and conjugative plasmids are important drivers of the rapid spread of resistance to last-resort antibiotics. Whereas antibiotics have been shown to select for adaptation of resistance plasmids to their new bacterial hosts, or vice versa, a general evolutionary mechanism has not yet emerged. Here we conducted an experimental evolution study aimed at determining general patterns of plasmid-bacteria evolution. Specifically, we found that a large conjugative resistance plasmid follows the same evolutionary trajectories as its non-conjugative mini-replicon in the same and other species. Furthermore, within a single host–plasmid pair three distinct patterns of adaptive evolution led to increased plasmid persistence: i) mutations in the replication protein gene (trfA1); ii) the acquisition by the resistance plasmid of a transposon from a co-residing plasmid encoding a putative toxin-antitoxin system; iii) a mutation in the host’s global transcriptional regulator gene fur. Since each of these evolutionary solutions individually have been shown to increase plasmid persistence in other plasmid-host pairs, our work points towards common mechanisms of plasmid stabilization. These could become the targets of future alternative drug therapies to slow down the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Human Cochlear Histopathology Reflects Clinical Signatures of Primary Neural Degeneration
Authors: Sagers Jessica E. , Landegger Lukas D. , Worthington Steven , Nadol Joseph B. , Stankovic Konstantina M.
Published: July 2017

Auditory neuropathy is a significant and understudied cause of human hearing loss, diagnosed in patients who demonstrate abnormal function of the cochlear nerve despite typical function of sensory cells. Because the human inner ear cannot be visualized during life, histopathological analysis of autopsy specimens is critical to understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying this pathology. Here we present statistical models of severe primary neuronal degeneration and its relationship to pure tone audiometric thresholds and word recognition scores in comparison to age-matched control patients, spanning every decade of life. Analysis of 30 ears from 23 patients shows that severe neuronal loss correlates with elevated audiometric thresholds and poor word recognition. For each ten percent increase in total neuronal loss, average thresholds across patients at each audiometric test frequency increase by 6.0 dB hearing level (HL). As neuronal loss increases, threshold elevation proceeds more rapidly in low audiometric test frequencies than in high frequencies. Pure tone average closely agrees with word recognition scores in the case of severe neural pathology. Histopathologic study of the human inner ear continues to emphasize the need for non- or minimally invasive clinical tools capable of establishing cellular-level diagnoses.
CCM111, the water extract of Antrodia cinnamomea, regulates immune-related activity through STAT3 and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Lin In-Yu , Pan Min-Hsiung , Lai Ching-Shu , Lin Ting-Ting , Chen Chiung-Tong , Chung Tao-Sheng , Chen Chien-Lung , Lin Chen-Huan , Chuang Wu-Chang , Lee Ming-Chung , Lin Ching-Che , Ma Nianhan
Published: July 2017

Antrodia cinnamomea(AC) exhibits many bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotection activities. Many researchers have studied the functions of the components or fractions of AC, but the functions of the original extractions of AC have not been studied. In addition, the detailed relationship between AC and immune-related signaling pathways is unclear. In this study, we screened the effects of CCM111, which is the extract of AC, on seven immune-related signaling pathways and further investigated whether CCM111 can influence inflammation. Interestingly, our results showed that CCM111 significantly inhibited the IL-6-stimulated STAT3 pathway and the LPS-stimulated NF-κB pathway in macrophages. CCM111 also decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, Tyk2 and the nuclear translocation of p65. Moreover, CCM111 and F4, a fraction of CCM111, down-regulated nitric oxide (NO) production, the protein levels of iNOS and COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines in macrophage cells. Therefore, our study suggested that CCM111 has the potential to be developed as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
Nuclear Physics Meets the Sources of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays
Authors: Boncioli Denise , Fedynitch Anatoli , Winter Walter
Published: July 2017

The determination of the injection composition of cosmic ray nuclei within astrophysical sources requires sufficiently accurate descriptions of the source physics and the propagation – apart from controlling astrophysical uncertainties. We therefore study the implications of nuclear data and models for cosmic ray astrophysics, which involves the photo-disintegration of nuclei up to iron in astrophysical environments. We demonstrate that the impact of nuclear model uncertainties is potentially larger in environments with non-thermal radiation fields than in the cosmic microwave background. We also study the impact of nuclear models on the nuclear cascade in a gamma-ray burst radiation field, simulated at a level of complexity comparable to the most precise cosmic ray propagation code. We conclude with an isotope chart describing which information is in principle necessary to describe nuclear interactions in cosmic ray sources and propagation.
Altered KYN/TRP, Gln/Glu, and Met/methionine sulfoxide ratios in the blood plasma of medication-free patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Umehara Hidehiro , Numata Shusuke , Watanabe Shin-ya , Hatakeyama Yutaka , Kinoshita Makoto , Tomioka Yukiko , Nakahara Kiyoshi , Nikawa Takeshi , Ohmori Tetsuro
Published: July 2017

Capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) is a comprehensive, quantitative, and high throughput tool used to analyze metabolite profiles. In the present study, we used CE-TOFMS to profile metabolites found in the blood plasma of 33 medication-free patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 33 non-psychiatric control subjects. We then investigated changes which occurred in the metabolite levels during an 8-week treatment period. The medication-free MDD patients and control subjects showed significant differences in their mean levels of 33 metabolites, including kynurenine (KYN), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), methionine sulfoxide, and methionine (Met). In particular, the ratios of KYN to tryptophan (TRP), Gln to Glu, and Met to methionine sulfoxide were all significantly different between the two groups. Among the 33 metabolites with altered levels in MDD patients, the levels of KYN and Gln, as well as the ratio of Gln to Glu, were significantly normalized after treatment. Our findings suggest that imbalances in specific metabolite levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD, and provide insight into the mechanisms by which antidepressant agents work in MDD patients.
Computational sensing of herpes simplex virus using a cost-effective on-chip microscope
Authors: Ray Aniruddha , Daloglu Mustafa Ugur , Ho Joslynn , Torres Avee , Mcleod Euan , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: July 2017

Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), herpes is a viral infection that is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Here we present a computational sensing technique for specific detection of HSV using both viral immuno-specificity and the physical size range of the viruses. This label-free approach involves a compact and cost-effective holographic on-chip microscope and a surface-functionalized glass substrate prepared to specifically capture the target viruses. To enhance the optical signatures of individual viruses and increase their signal-to-noise ratio, self-assembled polyethylene glycol based nanolenses are rapidly formed around each virus particle captured on the substrate using a portable interface. Holographic shadows of specifically captured viruses that are surrounded by these self-assembled nanolenses are then reconstructed, and the phase image is used for automated quantification of the size of each particle within our large field-of-view, ~30 mm2. The combination of viral immuno-specificity due to surface functionalization and the physical size measurements enabled by holographic imaging is used to sensitively detect and enumerate HSV particles using our compact and cost-effective platform. This computational sensing technique can find numerous uses in global health related applications in resource-limited environments.
MALDI-TOF MS as a Novel Tool for the Estimation of Postmortem Interval in Liver Tissue Samples
Authors: Li Chengzhi , Li Zhengdong , Tuo Ya , Ma Dong , Shi Yan , Zhang Qinghua , Zhuo Xianyi , Deng Kaifei , Chen Yijiu , Wang Zhenyuan , Huang Ping
Published: July 2017

Estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is a complicated task in forensic medicine, especially during homicide and unwitnessed death investigations. Many biological, chemical, and physical indicators can be used to determine the postmortem interval, but most are not accurate. Here, we present a novel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method that can be used for the estimation of PMI using molecular images and multivariate analyses. In this study, we demonstrate that both rat and human liver tissues of various PMIs (0, 2, 4, and 6days) can be discriminated using MALDI imaging and principal component analysis (PCA). Using genetic algorithm (GA), supervised neural network (SNN), and quick classifier (QC) methods, we built 6 classification models, which showed high recognition capability and good cross-validation. The histological changes in all the samples at different time points were also consistent with the changes seen in MALDI imaging. Our work suggests that MALDI-TOF MS, along with multivariate analysis, can be used to determine intermediate PMIs.
The interaction of the bioinsecticide PA1b (Pea Albumin 1 subunit b) with the insect V-ATPase triggers apoptosis
Authors: Eyraud Vanessa , Balmand Séverine , Karaki Lamis , Rahioui Isabelle , Sivignon Catherine , Delmas Agnès F. , Royer Corinne , Rahbé Yvan , Da Silva Pedro , Gressent Frédéric
Published: July 2017

PA1b (Pea Albumin 1, subunit b) peptide is an entomotoxin, extracted from Legume seeds, with a lethal activity towards several insect pests, such as mosquitoes, some aphids and cereal weevils. This toxin acts by binding to the subunits c and e of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in the insect midgut. In this study, two cereal weevils, the sensitive Sitophilus oryzae strain WAA42, the resistance Sitophilus oryzae strain ISOR3 and the insensitive red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, were used in biochemical and histological experiments to demonstrate that a PA1b/V-ATPase interaction triggers the apoptosis mechanism, resulting in insect death. Upon intoxication with PA1b, apoptotic bodies are formed in the cells of the insect midgut. In addition, caspase-3 enzyme activity occurs in the midgut of sensitive weevils after intoxication with active PA1b, but not in the midgut of resistant weevils. These biochemical data were confirmed by immuno-histochemical detection of the caspase-3 active form in the midgut of sensitive weevils. Immuno-labelling experiments also revealed that the caspase-3 active form and V-ATPase are close-localized in the insect midgut. The results concerning this unique peptidic V-ATPase inhibitor pave the way for the utilization of PA1b as a promising, more selective and eco-friendly insecticide.
Improving the electrocatalytic properties of Pd-based catalyst for direct alcohol fuel cells: effect of solid solution
Authors: Wen Cuilian , Wei Ying , Tang Dian , Sa Baisheng , Zhang Teng , Chen Changxin
Published: July 2017

The tolerance of the electrode against the CO species absorbed upon the surface presents the biggest dilemma of the alcohol fuel cells. Here we report for the first time that the inclusion of (Zr, Ce)O2 solid solution as the supporting material can significantly improve the anti-CO-poisoning as well as the activity of Pd/C catalyst for ethylene glycol electro-oxidation in KOH medium. In particular, the physical origin of the improved electrocatalytic properties has been unraveled by first principle calculations. The 3D stereoscopic Pd cluster on the surface of (Zr, Ce)O2 solid solution leads to weaker Pd-C bonding and smaller CO desorption driving force. These results support that the Pd/ZrO2-CeO2/C composite catalyst could be used as a promising effective candidate for direct alcohol fuel cells application.
Secondary electrospray ionization proceeds via gas-phase chemical ionization
Authors: Rioseras Alberto Tejero , Gaugg Martin Thomas , Martinez-Lozano Sinues Pablo
Published: July 2017

The proton transfer reaction in secondary electrospray ionization ultimately proceeds with gas-phase ions.
In situ analysis and real-time monitoring of the decomposition of the 2nd Grubbs catalyst in CH3CN by droplet spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Jiang Jie , Zhao Dandan , Zhang Hong , He Jing , Li Na
Published: July 2017

The 2nd Grubbs catalysts are widely used in areas of organic and polymer synthesis.
Enzymatic digestion as a tool for removing proteinaceous templates from molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Erdőssy Júlia , Kassa Eszter , Farkas Anita , Horváth Viola
Published: July 2017

A proteolytic digestion procedure including pre-treatment steps is proposed for the efficient removal of protein templates from molecularly imprinted polymers.
Garlic-inspired trisulfide linkers for thiol-stimulated H2S release
Authors: Ercole Francesca , Whittaker Michael R. , Halls Michelle L. , Boyd Ben J. , Davis Thomas P. , Quinn John F.
Published: July 2017

Garlic-inspired cholesterol-mPEG conjugates incorporating a trisulfide linkage have the ability to cleave upon exposure to thiols with a concomitant release of H2S.
Liquid-immune structural colors with angle-independence inspired from hollow melanosomes
Authors: Yi Bo , Shen Huifang
Published: July 2017

In this work, hollow polydopamine (PDA) amorphous colloidal structures with liquid-immune and angle-independent structural colors have been successfully fabricated.
First principles studies on the selectivity of dimethoxymethane and methyl formate in methanol oxidation over V2O5/TiO2-based catalysts
Authors: Li Na , Wang Shibin , Sun Yuhan , Li Shenggang
Published: July 2017

An intermediate formed from methanol chemisorption plays a key role in the formation of formaldehyde, methyl formate, and dimethoxymethane.
High coverage water adsorption on CuO(011) surface
Authors: Yu Xiaohu , Zhang Xuemei
Published: July 2017

A mixed molecular and dissociative coadsorption on the CuO(011) surface is favorable thermodynamically.
Ultralow power switching in a silicon-rich SiNy/SiNx double-layer resistive memory device
Authors: Kim Sungjun , Chang Yao-Feng , Kim Min-Hwi , Bang Suhyun , Kim Tae-Hyeon , Chen Ying-Chen , Lee Jong-Ho , Park Byung-Gook
Published: July 2017

Here we demonstrate low-power resistive switching in a Ni/SiNy/SiNx/p++-Si device by proposing a double-layered structure (SiNy/SiNx), where the two SiN layers have different trap densities.
Database and new models based on a group contribution method to predict the refractive index of ionic liquids
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Lu Xingmei , Zhou Qing , Zhao Yongsheng , Li Xiaoqian , Zhang Suojiang
Published: July 2017

The GC-ANN model, based on the division of new groups, was an efficient approach for estimating the refractive index of ILs.
Two-dimensional NiO nanosheets with enhanced room temperature NO2sensing performance via Al doping
Authors: Wang Shuai , Huang Da , Xu Shusheng , Jiang Wenkai , Wang Tao , Hu Jing , Hu Nantao , Su Yanjie , Zhang Yafei , Yang Zhi
Published: July 2017

Defects caused by Al3+doping significantly affect the gas-sensing properties of NiO nanosheets.
Lithium dendrite growth mechanisms in polymer electrolytes and prevention strategies
Authors: Barai Pallab , Higa Kenneth , Srinivasan Venkat
Published: July 2017

Demonstration of computational domain, concentration profile within electrolyte and phase-map between current and electrolyte modulus highlighting different lithium deposition zones.
Primary photochemical processes for Pt(iv) diazido complexes prospective in photodynamic therapy of tumors
Authors: Shushakov Anton A. , Pozdnyakov Ivan P. , Grivin Vjacheslav P. , Plyusnin Victor F. , Vasilchenko Danila B. , Zadesenets Andrei V. , Melnikov Alexei A. , Chekalin Sergey V. , Glebov Evgeni M.
Published: July 2017

A case study of chain photoaquation of mixed-ligand Pt(iv) diazido complexes tested in PDT of tumors is performed.
Spacer type mediated tunable spin crossover (SCO) characteristics of pyrene decorated 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (bpp) based Fe(ii) molecular spintronic modules
Authors: Kumar Kuppusamy Senthil , Šalitroš Ivan , Moreno-Pineda Eufemio , Ruben Mario
Published: July 2017

Two isomer-like, pyrene-decorated Fe(ii) spin crossover (SCO) complexes, [Fe(L1)2](BF4)2 and [Fe(L2)2](BF4)2, exhibit a dramatic 140 K (ΔT1/2) variation in their switching temperatures.
Interface passivation using ultrathin polymer–fullerene films for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells with negligible hysteresis
Authors: Peng Jun , Wu Yiliang , Ye Wang , Jacobs Daniel A. , Shen Heping , Fu Xiao , Wan Yimao , Duong The , Wu Nandi , Barugkin Chog , Nguyen Hieu T. , Zhong Dingyong , Li Juntao , Lu Teng , Liu Yun , Lockrey Mark N. , Weber Klaus J. , Catchpole Kylie R. , White Thomas P.
Published: July 2017

Reducing interface recombination boosts the Voc for perovskite solar cells.
New bio-based monomers: tuneable polyester properties using branched diols from biomass
Authors: Arnaud Sacha Pérocheau , Wu Linglin , Wong Chang Maria-Angelica , Comerford James W. , Farmer Thomas J. , Schmid Maximilian , Chang Fei , Li Zheng , Mascal Mark
Published: July 2017

A family of monomers, including 2,5-hexandiol, 2,7-octandiol, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), terephthalic acid (TA), and branched-chain adipic and pimelic acid derivatives, all find a common derivation in the biomass-derived platform molecule 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF). The diol monomers, previously little known to polymer chemistry, have been combined with FDCA and TA derivatives to produce a range of novel polyesters. It is shown that the use of secondary diols leads to polymers with higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) than those prepared from their primary diol equivalents. Two methods of polymerisation were investigated, the first employing activation of the aromatic diacidsviathe corresponding diacid chlorides and the second using a transesterification procedure. Longer chain diols were found to be more reactive than the shorter chain alternatives, generally giving rise to higher molecular weight polymers, an effect shown to be most pronounced when using the transesterification route. Finally, novel diesters with high degrees of branching in their hydrocarbon chains are introduced as potential monomers for possible low surface energy materials applications.
Cellular antioxidant, methylglyoxal trapping, and anti-inflammatory activities of cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang)
Authors: Gao Xiong , Lin Xiaorong , Li Xiaofei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Zhongzheng , Li Bin
Published: July 2017

Cocoa tea, a naturally low caffeine-containing but GCG-rich tea cultivar, exhibited strong cellular antioxidant, methylglyoxal trapping, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Impact of grape pomace consumption on the blood lipid profile and liver genes associated with lipid metabolism of young rats
Authors: Yu Jianmei , Bansode Rishipal R. , Smith Ivy N. , Hurley Steven L.
Published: July 2017

GP-containing diet affected blood lipid profile and modulated the expressions of liver genes associated with lipid metabolism of rats.
Environment-sensitive turn-on fluorescent probes for p53–MDM2 protein–protein interaction
Authors: Liu Tingting , Jiang Yan , Liu Zhenzhen , Li Jin , Fang Kun , Zhuang Chunlin , Du Lupei , Fang Hao , Sheng Chunquan , Li Minyong
Published: July 2017

A series of small-molecule fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized for detecting and imaging p53–MDM2 interaction in the human lung cancer cell line A549.
Synthesis and self-assembly of bent core polycatenar mesogens with binding selectivity to Hg2+
Authors: Cheng Huifang , Zhang Ruilin , Li Taihao , Peng Xiongwei , Xia Meng , Xiao Yulong , Cheng Xiaohong
Published: July 2017

Target compounds can self-assemble into CubI/Pm3̄nLC phases and organogels, simultaneously; these compounds have binding selectivity to Hg2+.
Mechanism of Pd-catalyzed acylation/alkenylation of aryl iodide: a DFT study
Authors: Liang Yujie , Jiang Yuan-Ye , Liu Yuxia , Bi Siwei
Published: July 2017

The detailed mechanism of the Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodide, benzoic anhydride and ethyl acrylate was clarified by theoretical methods.
DDQ-promoted direct C5-alkylation of oxazoles with alkylboronic acids via palladium-catalysed C–H bond activation
Authors: Lei Bowen , Wang Xiaojiao , Ma Lifang , Jiao Huixuan , Zhu Lisi , Li Ziyuan
Published: July 2017

The first protocol for the direct C5-alkylation of oxazoles through transition-metal-catalysed C(5)–H bond activation.
Self-assembly of porphyrin–DNA hybrids into large flat nanostructures
Authors: Chatelain G. , Clavé G. , Saint-Pierre C. , Gasparutto D. , Campidelli S.
Published: July 2017

Two complementary 21-mer oligonucleotide/porphyrin hybrids were synthesized and assembled into nanostructures.
One-pot synthesis of micron-sized polybetaine particles; innovative use of supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Bassett Simon P. , Birkin Natasha A. , Jennings James , Chapman Emma , O'Reilly Rachel K. , Howdle Steven M. , Willcock Helen
Published: July 2017

Well defined micron-sized polybetaine particles have been synthesised for the first time by precipitation polymerisation in a scCO2/methanol mixture.
Poly(acryloyl hydrazide), a versatile scaffold for the preparation of functional polymers: synthesis and post-polymerisation modification
Authors: Crisan Daniel N. , Creese Oliver , Ball Ranadeb , Brioso Jose Luis , Martyn Ben , Montenegro Javier , Fernandez-Trillo Francisco
Published: July 2017

Here we present the synthesis of poly(acryloyl hydrazide), a versatile scaffold for the preparation of functional polymers, and its post-polymerisation modification using a wide range of conditions.
A primary SERS-active interconnected Si-nanocore network for biomolecule detection with plasmonic nanosatellites as a secondary boosting mechanism
Authors: Alexander Powell Jeffery , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo
Published: July 2017

We report in this study, the development of a polymorphic biosensitive Si nanocore superstructure as a SERS biosensing platform.
In vitro–in vivo and pharmacokinetic evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles of furosemide using Gastroplus™
Authors: Ali Hasan , Prasad Verma Priya Ranjan , Dubey Sunil Kumar , Venkatesan Jayachandran , Seo Youngwan , Kim Se-Kwon , Singh Sandeep Kumar
Published: July 2017

In this work, we conducted pharmacokinetic studies and established the in vitro and in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of furosemide (FRS) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (FSLN).
Removal of heavy metals with sequential sludge washing techniques using saponin: optimization conditions, kinetics, removal effectiveness, binding intensity, mobility and mechanism
Authors: Tang Jian , He Junguo , Liu Tiantian , Xin Xiaodong
Published: July 2017

Testing of sequential sludge washing in triplicate using typical biosurfactant saponin was conducted to remove heavy metals.
One-step synthesis of composite material MWCNT@BiVO4 and its photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhao Deqiang , Wang Wenwen , Sun Yaofang , Fan Zihong , Du Mao , Zhang Qian , Ji Fangying , Xu Xuan
Published: July 2017

In this research, a composite material (MWCNT@BiVO4) was prepared using a one step hydrothermal method.
Dependence between cytotoxicity and dynamic subcellular localization of up-conversion nanoparticles with different surface charges
Authors: Li Xiaodan , Tang Ying , Xu Lijun , Kong Xianggui , Zhang Li , Chang Yulei , Zhao Huiying , Zhang Hong , Liu Xiaomin
Published: July 2017

Intensive investigations have been devoted to lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which have shown great potential in applications such as biomedical imaging and therapy.
In situ polymerization and characterization of graphite nanoplatelet/poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites for construction of melt-spun fibers
Authors: Xu Qiushu , Wang Chaosheng , Wang Biao , Chen Ye , Wang Huaping
Published: July 2017

This work described a set of graphite nanoplatelet/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (GnP/PET) nanocomposites synthesized via an in situ polymerization for construction of melt-spun fibers with enhanced antistatic property.
Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance of highly-dispersed Pt/g-C3N4 nanocomposites by one-step solvothermal treatment
Authors: Lu Zhao , Song Wulin , Ouyang Chao , Wang Hao , Zeng Dawen , Xie Changsheng
Published: July 2017

A highly dispersed Pt/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by depositing platinum nanoparticles (NPs) onto the surface of g-C3N4 with uniform size.
Tumor homing and penetrating peptide-conjugated niosomes as multi-drug carriers for tumor-targeted drug delivery
Authors: Ag Seleci Didem , Seleci Muharrem , Stahl Frank , Scheper Thomas
Published: July 2017

The development of nanoscale drug delivery systems, which can mediate efficient tumor targeting together with high cellular internalization, is crucial for glioma treatment.
Effect of flake size on the mechanical properties of graphene aerogels prepared by freeze casting
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Zhao Nifang , Yao Weiquan , Xu Zhen , Bai Hao , Gao Chao
Published: July 2017

Graphene flake size has a profound effect on the mechanical performance of the assembled graphene aerogels, particularly their strength, modulus and fatigue resistance under compression.
Multi-type quantum dots photo-induced doping enhanced graphene/semiconductor solar cell
Authors: Wu Jianghong , Feng Sirui , Wu Zhiqian , Lu Yanghua , Lin Shisheng
Published: July 2017

ZnO and InP QDs were applied to improve the performance of graphene (Gr)/semiconductor solar cells, which can effectively hop light-induced carriers into Gr by absorbing incident light at the surface; under such cooperative doping, final PCE was improved by 34.2%.
An optimized 3D carbon matrix for high rate silicon anodes
Authors: Bai Xuejun , Hou Min , Yu Zhaoyu , Liu Chan , Cao Hui , Wang Dong , Fu Junjie
Published: July 2017

A 3D porous carbon matrix with silicon particles embedded shows high rate performance in a lithium ion battery.
Structural, mechanical and electronic properties of Nb2C: first-principles calculations
Authors: Sha Xiaojing , Xiao Namin , Guan Yongjun , Yi Xiaosu
Published: July 2017

By crystal structure search for Nb–C system, aP–xphase diagram was calculated and a new stable Nb2C was predicted. The new phase is considered as a potential ultra-stiff and hard material.
Polyoxometalate-MgF2hybrids as heterogeneous solid acid catalysts for efficient biodiesel production
Authors: Yang Kai-Li , Huang Shan , Pan Hu , Zhang Heng , Liu Xiao-Fang , Yang Song
Published: July 2017

A series of highly active and stable Keggin heteropolyacid catalysts were prepared through mixing of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) with magnesium fluoride (MgF2).
Size of the rare-earth ions: a key factor in phase tuning and morphology control of binary and ternary rare-earth fluoride materials
Authors: Ghosh Pushpal , Sharma Rahul Kumar , Chouryal Yogendra Nath , Mudring Anja-Verena
Published: July 2017

An IL based solvothermal route to prepare RE ion doped luminescent binary/ternary fluoride nanomaterials. Size of the RE ions tunes the nature of the product, crystal phase, lattice strain and morphology, effecting the luminescence properties.
Efficient syntheses of (−)-crinine and (−)-aspidospermidine, and the formal synthesis of (−)-minfiensine by enantioselective intramolecular dearomative cyclization
Authors: Du Kang , Yang He , Guo Pan , Feng Liang , Xu Guangqing , Zhou Qinghai , Chung Lung Wa , Tang Wenjun
Published: July 2017

Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective dearomative cyclization has enabled the concise and enantioselective total syntheses of (−)-crinine and (−)-aspidospermidine, as well as a formal total synthesis of (−)-minfiensine.
Completing the series of boron-nucleophilic cyanoborates: boryl anions of type NHC–B(CN)2−
Authors: Böser Richard , Haufe Lisa C. , Freytag Matthias , Jones Peter G. , Hörner Gerald , Frank René
Published: July 2017

The novel boryl anions NHC–B(CN)2−complete a series of cyanoborates with continuously increasing boron-centred nucleophilicity.
Programmable, reversible and repeatable wrinkling of shape memory polymer thin films on elastomeric substrates for smart adhesion
Authors: Wang Yu , Xiao Jianliang
Published: July 2017

Enabled by the programmable, reversible and repeatable SMP film wrinkling on PDMS, smart adhesion with large tuning range is demonstrated.
Bio-inspired stimuli-responsive graphene oxide fibers from microfluidics
Authors: Shang Luoran , Wang Yuetong , Yu Yunru , Wang Jie , Zhao Ze , Xu Hua , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: July 2017

GO fibers with a spindle-knotted structure and NIR-responsive water-collection ability were fabricated by microfluidics.
Organically modified clay with potassium copper hexacyanoferrate for enhanced Cs+ adsorption capacity and selective recovery by flotation
Authors: Zhang Huagui , Kim Yun Kon , Hunter Timothy N. , Brown Andrew P. , Lee Jae W. , Harbottle David
Published: July 2017

Organo-clay–HCF particles are used to remove Cs+ from aqueous environments. Cs-Loaded particles were subsequently separated via column flotation.
Graphenes as additives in photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: García Alejandra , Fernandez-Blanco Cristina , Herance Jose R. , Albero Josep , García Hermenegildo
Published: July 2017

Due to the electrical conductivity, charge mobility and large surface area, graphenes in small weight percentages can increase the efficiency of semiconductors in photoelectrodes. The review covers CO2 generation, H2 evolution and pollutants degradation.
Alternative strategies in improving the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activities of visible light-driven BiVO4: a review
Authors: Tan Hui Ling , Amal Rose , Ng Yun Hau
Published: July 2017

This review summarises the recent advances of various strategies in improving the performances of BiVO4 in photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical systems.
N-(4-Aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol/CoFe2O4/graphene hybrids with unique chemiluminescence and magnetism
Authors: Liu Xiangyang , Li Qi , Shu Jiangnan , Cui Hua
Published: July 2017

N-(4-Aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol and CoFe2O4 nanoparticle functionalized graphene hybrids were synthesized and exhibited excellent chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence activities and rapid magnetic separation performance.
Abdominal Circumference Alone versus Estimated Fetal Weight after 24 Weeks to Predict Small or Large for Gestational Age at Birth: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yordan José , Holbrook Bradley , Nirgudkar Pranita , Mozurkewich Ellen , Blue Nathan
Published: July 2017

Objective We compared the sensitivity and specificity of abdominal circumference (AC) alone versus estimated fetal weight (EFW) to predict small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) at birth.

Study Design We searched the literature for studies assessing an ultrasonographic AC or EFW after 24 weeks to predict SGA or LGA at birth. Case series or studies including anomalous fetuses or multiple gestations were excluded. We computed the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of any AC or EFW cutoff analyzed by at least two studies.

Results We identified 2,460 studies, of which 40 met inclusion criteria (n = 36,519). Four studies assessed AC alone to predict SGA (n = 5,119), and six assessed AC to predict LGA (n = 6,110). Sixteen assessed EFW to predict SGA (n = 13,825), and 22 evaluated EFW to predict LGA (n = 18,896). To predict SGA, AC and EFW < 10th percentile have similar ability to predict SGA. To predict LGA, AC cutoffs were comparable to all EFW cutoffs, except that AC > 35 cm had better sensitivity.

Conclusion After 24 weeks, AC is comparable to EFW to predict both SGA and LGA. In settings where serial EFWs are inaccessible, a simpler screening method with AC alone may suffice.
Traditionelle Japanische Medizin – Kampo
Authors: Kuchta Kenny , Rausch Hans
Published: July 2017

Die regulatorische Situation pflanzlicher Arzneimittel (einschließlich der Formulierungen der traditionellen japanischen ­Kampo-Medizin) und verwandter Produktkategorien in Japan ist deutlich komplexer als das entsprechende europäische ­Pendant. Um eine gemeinsame Basis für das Verständnis von japanischer Kampo-Medizin und westlicher Phytotherapie zu schaffen, erklärt der vorliegende Artikel die grundlegenden gesetzlichen Kategorien von Phytopharmaka in Japan für ein deutsches Publikum. Die folgenden Seiten konzentrieren sich auf Übersetzungen der ­wesentlichen Fachbegriffe sowie eine ­Erklärung der zum Verständnis jeweils ­notwendigen Hintergrundinformationen.
Autoinflammatorische Erkrankungen als Differenzialdiagnose des Fiebers unklarer Genese
Authors: Kümmerle-Deschner Jasmin
Published: July 2017

Fever is the most leading symptom of autoinflammatory diseases (AID). Therefore, AID have to be considered in differential diagnosis concerning fever of unknown origin. Unspecific Inflammatory manifestations may lead to misinterpretations that possibly cause irreversible organ damage. Effective treatment options are available and imply profound diagnostics.
NPS-Konsum in Deutschland – Ein Überblick über die Verbreitung von neuen psychoaktiven Substanzen, Konsumierendengruppen und Konsummotivationen zum Zeitpunkt der Einführung des NpSG
Authors: Werse Bernd , Müller Daniela
Published: July 2017

Ziel Beschreibung der aktuellen Situation im Hinblick auf den Konsum neuer psychoaktiver Substanzen (NPS) in Deutschland zum Zeitpunkt der Einführung des NpSG.

Methodik Neben Sekundärdaten wird auf Erkenntnisse eines laufenden EU-Projektes zurückgegriffen; hier insbesondere Experteninterviews und Länderberichte.

Ergebnisse Im europäischen Vergleich ist NPS-Konsum in Deutschland unterdurchschnittlich weit verbreitet, wobei sich mit Bayern ein regionaler Schwerpunkt abzeichnet. Gerade regelmäßiger Gebrauch scheint sich in jüngerer Zeit stärker auf ohnehin regelmäßig Drogen konsumierende Gruppen zu konzentrieren. Risiken sind offenbar v. a. bei den synthetischen Cannabinoiden höher als bei Cannabiskonsum.

Diskussion Der Grad der Verbreitung von NPS scheint u. a. mit der Verfügbarkeit illegaler Drogen zusammenzuhängen, die wiederum vom Grad der drogenbezogenen Repression abhängt. Daher bleibt abzuwarten, ob und wie das NpSG die Verbreitung in unterschiedlichen Gruppen beeinflussen wird.
Visfatin and resistin in gonadotroph cells: expression, regulation of LH secretion and signalling pathways
Authors: Maillard Virginie , Elis Sébastien , Desmarchais Alice , Hivelin Céline , Lardic Lionel , Lomet Didier , Uzbekova Svetlana , Monget Philippe , Dupont Joëlle
Published: July 2017

Visfatin and resistin appear to interfere with reproduction in the gonads, but their potential action at the hypothalamic–pituitary level is not yet known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mRNA and protein expression of these adipokines in murine gonadotroph cells and to analyse the effects of different concentrations of recombinant mouse visfatin and resistin (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 ng mL−1) on LH secretion and signalling pathways in LβT2 cells and/or in primary female mouse pituitary cells. Both visfatin and resistin mRNA and protein were found in vivo in gonadotroph cells. In contrast with resistin, the primary tissue source of visfatin in the mouse was the skeletal muscle, and not adipose tissue. Visfatin and resistin both decreased LH secretion from LβT2 cells after 24 h exposure of cells (P < 0.03). These results were confirmed for resistin in primary cell culture (P < 0.05). Both visfatin (1 ng mL−1) and resistin (1 ng mL−1) increased AMP-activated protein kinase α phosphorylation in LβT2 cells after 5 or 10 min treatment, up to 60 min (P < 0.04). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation was transiently increased only after 5 min resistin (1 ng mL−1) treatment (P < 0.01). In conclusion, visfatin and resistin are expressed in gonadotroph cells and they may affect mouse female fertility by regulating LH secretion at the level of the pituitary.
Recombinant silicateins as model biocatalysts in organosiloxane chemistry
Authors: Tabatabaei Dakhili S. Yasin , Caslin Stephanie A. , Faponle Abayomi S. , Quayle Peter , de Visser Sam P. , Wong Lu Shin
Published: July 2017

Significance

Organosiloxanes are components in a huge variety of consumer products and play a major role in the synthesis of fine chemicals. However, their synthetic manipulation primarily relies on the use of chlorosilanes, which are energy-intensive to produce and environmentally undesirable. Synthetic routes that operate under ambient conditions and circumvent the need for chlorinated feedstocks would therefore offer a more sustainable route for producing this class of compounds. Here, a systematic survey is reported for the silicatein enzyme, which is able to catalyze the hydrolysis, condensation, and exchange of the silicon–oxygen bond in a variety of organosiloxanes under environmentally benign conditions. These results suggest that silicatein is a promising candidate for development of selective and efficient biocatalysts for organosiloxane chemistry.
Boosting CNS axon regeneration by harnessing antagonistic effects of GSK3 activity
Authors: Leibinger Marco , Andreadaki Anastasia , Golla Renate , Levin Evgeny , Hilla Alexander M. , Diekmann Heike , Fischer Dietmar
Published: July 2017

Significance

The role of GSK3 in axon regeneration is controversial. Whereas increased GSK3 activity accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration, it shows the opposite effect in the CNS. Moreover, KO/knockdown of GSK3β in growth-stimulated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was disinhibitory and potentiated optic nerve regeneration. This dichotomy was the result of a GSK3-dependent and CNS-specific inhibition of axonal CRMP2, which compromised RGCs’ ability for axon growth. As GSK3 inhibition, neuronal expression of constitutively active CRMP2 (CRMP2
T/A
) potentiated optic nerve regeneration and, strikingly, unmasked an axon growth-promoting effect of active GSK3 as in peripheral nerves. CRMP2
T/A
expression and GSK3 activation additively enabled extensive optic nerve regeneration, thereby reconciling conflicting data in GSK3-mediated axon regeneration and opening novel treatment possibilities for CNS repair.
TCTE1 is a conserved component of the dynein regulatory complex and is required for motility and metabolism in mouse spermatozoa
Authors: Castaneda Julio M. , Hua Rong , Miyata Haruhiko , Oji Asami , Guo Yueshuai , Cheng Yiwei , Zhou Tao , Guo Xuejiang , Cui Yiqiang , Shen Bin , Wang Zibin , Hu Zhibin , Zhou Zuomin , Sha Jiahao , Prunskaite-Hyyrylainen Renata , Yu Zhifeng , Ramirez-Solis Ramiro , Ikawa Masahito , Matzuk Martin M. , Liu Mingxi
Published: July 2017

Significance

Infertility is a global problem that afflicts 15% of couples, and in 50% of cases, the attributing factor is linked to men. Among these infertile men, 18% specifically exhibit decreased motility of sperm (asthenozoospermia). Sperm motility is dependent on the formation and functioning of the flagellum, a modified cilium used for locomotion. Cilia are present in almost every cell of vertebrates and are essential for proper organ functioning. Defects in cilia formation lead to severe syndromic diseases, termed ciliopathies, affecting numerous tissues (e.g., polycystic kidney disease), wherein male infertility is often comorbid. Advances in mouse genetics implicate several genes responsible for ciliopathies observed in humans. Here, we identify a nonsyndromic flagellum protein, TCTE1, that is required for sperm motility in mice.