bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm-Based ARM-Linux-Embedded System Combined with Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Progression Prediction of Brain Tumors
Authors: Wang Haibo , Song Tieshi , Wang Liying , Yan Lei , Han Lei
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research was to analyze the application of fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm-based ARM-Linux-embedded system in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images for prediction of brain tumors. The optimized FCM (OFCM) algorithm was proposed based on kernel function, and the ARM-Linux-embedded imaging system was designed under ARM9 chip and Linux recorder, which were applied in MRI images of brain tumor patients. It was found that the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the OFCM algorithm (90.46%, 88.97%, and 97.46%) were greater obviously than those of the deterministic C-means clustering algorithm (80.38%, 77.98%, and 85.24%) and the traditional FCM algorithm (83.26%, 79.56%, and 86.45%), and the difference was statistically substantial (

P
<
0.05

). The ME and running time of the OFCM algorithm decreased sharply in contrast to those of the deterministic C-means clustering algorithm and the traditional FCM algorithm (

P
<
0.05

). There were great differences in fraction anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusion (MD) of tumor parenchymal area, surrounding edema area, and normal white matter area (

P
<
0.05

). FA of stage III+IV was smaller than those of stage I and II (

P
<
0.05

), while the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of stage III+IV was greater than that of stage I and II (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, the poor update data processing and low data clustering efficiency of FCM were solved by OFCM. Moreover, computational efficiency of ARM-Linux-embedded imaging system was improved, so as to better realize the prediction of brain tumor patients through ARM-Linux-embedded system based on adaptive FCM incremental clustering algorithm.
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: Retrospective Analysis of 15 Cases, Literature Review, and Implications for Gynecologists
Authors: Liu Yibin , Tian Yanpeng , Guo Ruoyi , Xu Xin , Zhang Mingle , Li Zhongkang , Xiao Yanlai , Cao Wen , Gao He , Kong Desheng , Du Yanfang , Meng Li , Zhang Jingkun , Huang Xianghua
Published: March 2022

Background. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare form of autoimmune encephalitis caused by anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. This disease mainly affects women of childbearing age and is commonly associated with ovarian teratoma. However, the relationship between anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and ovarian teratoma and the role of anti-NMDA receptor antibody in the relationship remain unclear. Objectives. This study aimed to describe 15 cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (5 with ovarian teratoma), review literature, and reinforce the gynecologist's knowledge of this disorder. Methods. Clinical data of 15 patients from January 2015 to December 2020 admitted to The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were collected and analyzed. The diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis was based on the presence of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or serum. Laparoscopic teratoma removal was performed in patients with ovarian teratoma. All patients had received immunotherapy. In addition, a review of the literature was performed to reinforce the gynecologist's knowledge of this disorder. Results. A total of 15 patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis were screened, of whom 5 patients were confirmed with ovarian teratoma by pathology. The most common symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with teratoma are fever (5/5, 100%), seizure (5/5, 100%), mental and behavioral disorders (4/5, 80%), and decreased consciousness (4/5, 80%). Conversely, the most common symptoms of patients without teratoma were neuropsychiatric symptoms, including headache (6/10, 60%) and mental and behavioral disorders (7/10, 70%). All patients underwent immunotherapy, including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange, and cyclophosphamide, and 4 out of 5 patients with ovarian teratomas underwent surgical treatment. All patients had a good outcome after systemic, surgical, and immunotherapy treatment. No patient who underwent surgical treatment developed a recurrence. Conversely, 2 of 10 patients without teratoma developed an anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis recurrence. Conclusions. Patients with anti-NMDA encephalitis show severe mental and neurological symptoms. Resection of teratoma is beneficial to the relief or disappearance of symptoms and has a good prognosis. This disorder should be fully recognized by gynecologists, who play an important role in diagnosis and treatment.
Sex Difference of Effect of Sophora flavescens on Gut Microbiota in Rats
Authors: Duan Xueqing , Xie Xin , Zhu Chen , Duan Zhixuan , Chen Rui , Xu Jun , Zhang Qi , Yu Qi , Tian Weiyi
Published: March 2022

Objective. By observing the sex difference of the gut microbiota in rats and the influence of Sophora flavescens (S. flavescens) on the gut microbiota in rats of different genders, it is hoped that it can provide reference materials for the rational use of S. flavescens in clinical practice. Method. Taking samples of the jejunum (containing intestinal contents) and feces of 8-week-old rats, and detecting the composition of gut microbiota of females and males by 16S rRNA sequencing technology; At the same time, 8-week-old rats were gavaged with different doses of S. flavescens decoction, and the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon (including the intestinal contents) samples were collected at 1, 2, and 3 weeks, using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) technology to observe the changes in the structure and the quantitative changes of 4 major intestinal dominant bacteria Enterococcus, Bacteriodes, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium in each intestinal segment, respectively. Result. (1) The gut microbiota of normal rats without administration also had obvious gender differences; (2) S. flavescens significantly affects the composition of gut microbiota, and in different intestinal segments, this effect was different between genders under different dosages and different continuous administration times. Conclusion. The effect of S. flavescens on the gut microbiota of rats had gender differences.
HSPB1 Gene Variants and Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study in a Polish Population
Authors: Kowalczyk Malgorzata , Kucia Krzysztof , Owczarek Aleksander , Suchanek-Raif Renata , Paul-Samojedny Monika , Choreza Piotr , Kowalski Jan
Published: March 2022

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder that has a significant genetic component. HSPB1 (HSP27) is known for its neuroprotective functions under stress conditions and appears to play an important role during the development of the central nervous system, which is in agreement with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of SCZ. The aim of the present case-control study was to investigate whether HSPB1 variants contribute to the risk and clinical features (age of onset, symptoms, and suicidal behavior) of SCZ in a Polish population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigated the association between the HSPB1 polymorphisms and SCZ. Three SNPs of HSPB1 (rs2868370, rs2868371, and rs7459185) were genotyped in a total of 1082 (403 patients and 679 controls) unrelated subjects using TaqMan assays. The results showed that the genotypes, alleles, and haplotypes of the three SNPs were not significantly different between the schizophrenic patients and healthy controls either in the overall analysis or in the gender-stratified analysis (all

p
>
0.05

). However, we did find a significant effect of the rs2868371 genotype on the age of onset, negative symptoms, and disorganized symptoms in the five-factor model of PANSS (all

p
<
0.01

). Post hoc comparisons showed that carriers of the rs2868371 G/G genotype had significantly higher negative and disorganized factor scores than those with the C/G and C/C genotypes, respectively. Further investigations with other larger independent samples are required to confirm our findings and to better explore the effect of the HSPB1 polymorphisms on the risk and symptomatology of SCZ.
Association of XRCC3, XRCC4, BAX, and BCL-2 Polymorphisms with the Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Ozoran Emre , Trabulus Fadime Didem Can , Erhan Duygu , Batar Bahadir , Guven Mehmet
Published: March 2022

Background. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Genetic risk factors associated with breast cancer incidence have been identified. Aims. This study is aimed at determining the association of XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539), XRCC4 G(-1394) T (rs6869366) DNA repair and BAX G(-248) A (rs4645878), and BCL2 C(-938) A (rs2279115) apoptotic gene polymorphisms with breast cancer. Materials and Methods. Genetic analysis was performed using peripheral blood samples. Gene polymorphisms were detected by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. 175 patients and 158 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Results. Breast cancer risk was 5.43 times more in individuals with AA genotype of Bax G(-248) A (rs4645878) (

P
=
0.002

). The risk of metastasis was 11 times with this genotype. It was associated with 6 times more risk of having a tumor larger than 2 cm. The risk of breast cancer was 2.77 times more in individuals carrying the Met/Met genotype of XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539) (

P
=
0.009

). The risk of having advanced clinical stage (stage III+IV) with the Met/Met genotype was 4 times more increased. No relationship with breast cancer was found with XRCC4 G(-1394) T (rs6869366) and BCL2 C(-938) A (rs2279115) gene polymorphisms. Conclusion. Multicenter trials using subjects with genetic variations are needed to establish the relationship between breast cancer and single gene polymorphism.
Tocilizumab, an Exploratory Treatment for Severe COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Wang Yong , Chen Yongfeng , Zhou Xiangdong
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause cytokine storm and respiratory illness such as pneumonia and progressive respiratory failure. Tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor, was approved as an alternative treatment for severe COVID-19 patients despite limited real-world clinical data in China. In the present study, we will discuss and evaluate the treatment response of TCZ therapy in patients with COVID-19. The clinical characteristics, treatment, laboratory parameters of IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte counts before and after TCZ therapy, and clinical outcomes in the 13 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively evaluated according to the related medical records. The results showed that 13 patients with COVID-19 were totally included in this study. One of them was moderately ill, 8 were seriously ill, and 4 were critically ill. Eleven patients received TCZ administration once, while the other 2 patients received it twice. The median level of IL-6 before TCZ administration was 27.91 (7.42–210.90) pg/mL. Serum IL-6 level tended to further spike firstly and then gradually decreased after TCZ therapy in 10 patients. A persistent and dramatic increase of IL-6 was observed in 2 patients who were finally dead. The CRP levels of 76.92% (10/13) of the patients were above the normal range before the start of TCZ therapy and gradually declined after the TCZ treatment. No. 1 and No. 10 patients finally died accompanied by the corresponding lymphocyte counts persistently dropping. No. 13 patient became exacerbated possibly due to inducing severe bacterial infection after TCZ treatment, while the other 10 patients showed clinical improvement. In summary, the study revealed that TCZ may have a certain therapeutic effect on severe COVID-19 patients with a risk of the cytokine storm. It is necessary to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCZ by rigorous randomized controlled trial in the next step.
hsa‐miR‐206b Involves in the Development of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via Targeting LMX1B
Authors: Lu Hongsheng , Zhu Chumeng , Ruan Yanyun , Fan Lilong , Ruan Zhengying , Chen Qi , Yuan Jiuyun , Xu Yang , Wang Hongwei , Wei Qing
Published: March 2022

Objectives. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine system malignant thyroid cancer, and patients with lymph node metastasis typically exhibit poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors in PTC. This study was aimed at using PTC transcriptome data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify differentially expressed, survival‐related miRNAs and target genes. Methods. We analyzed the TCGA datasets to identify differentially expressed mRNAs/miRNAs in 493 PTC patients with stage I_II group (stages I and II) versus stage III_IV group (stages III and IV) according to TNM staging. The Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, the Cox regression analysis, and the log‐rank test were performed to investigate survival‐related miRNAs. Results. We identified 36 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in the stage I_II group versus the stage III_IV group, in which 31 were upregulated and only 5 were downregulated (i.e., hsa‐miR‐891a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐892a, hsa‐miR‐888‐5p, hsa‐miR‐891b, and hsa‐miR‐892b). Additionally, five signature miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐206, hsa‐miR‐299‐3p, hsa‐miR‐299‐5p, hsa‐miR‐496, and hsa‐miR‐509‐3‐5p) were associated with the overall survival of PTC patients. We also found that LMX1B, whose expression was inversely correlated with hsa‐miR‐206 expression, was a putative target gene of hsa‐miR‐206 and LMX1B was likely to serve as a tumor suppressor in PTC. Conclusion. hsa‐miR‐206b might be involved in promoting TNM staging in PTC via targeting of LMX1B.
Screening and Analysis of Biomarkers in the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Han Gang , Guo Quanyi , Li Nan , Bi Wenzhi , Xu Meng , Jia Jinpeng
Published: March 2022

Osteosarcoma is a malignant disease, and few effective strategies can completely overcome the prognosis of these patients. This study attempted to reveal the key factors and related molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma via excavating public microarray datasets. The data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database; the differentially expressed miRNAs and differentially expressed genes were obtained in GSE69470 and GSE12685l, respectively; the target of miRNAs were predicted with the miRDIP database; the functions of the factors were analyzed and visualized by the David database and R language, respectively. Moreover, the protein-protein interaction network and miRNA-mRNA network were performed with the STRING database and Cytoscape software to identify the hub nodes in GSE69470 and GSE12685. The results showed that 834 DEGs were found in GSE12685 and 37 miRNAs were found in GSE69470. Moreover, the target of 37 miRNAs were enriched in PI3K/AKT, P53, Wnt/β-catenin, and TGF-β pathways and related with skeletal system development and cell growth. Besides, the miRNAs including miR-22-3p, miR-154-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-485-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-9-5p and the genes including LEF1, RUNX2, CSF1R, CDKN1A, and FBN1 were identified as the hub nodes via network analysis. In conclusion, this study suggested that the miRNAs including miR-22-3p, miR-154-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-485-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-9-5p and the genes including LEF1, RUNX2, CSF1R, CDKN1A, and FBN1 act as key factors in the progression of osteosarcoma.
A Reasonable Evaluation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma Processing with Wine through Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Bioactive Components: Dominant Effect on Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model Rats
Authors: Pei Ke , Cao Lilong , Cao Gang , Cai Hao , Ning Yan , Zhao Tingting , Sun Lin , Liu Haixin , Zhang Shuosheng
Published: March 2022

According to the ancient documents and Chinese herbal medicine processing experience, Chuanxiong Rhizoma was usually processed with yellow rice wine to improve efficacy. However, the relevant mechanisms are still unclear so far. In this study, a validated ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was used to compare the pharmacokinetics of four representative components in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats after oral administration of raw and wine-processed Chuanxiong Rhizoma. The neurobehavioral scores and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were employed to evaluate the model. Biological samples were prepared by protein precipitation with methanol. All analytes were separated on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column through gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.01% of formic acid as mobile phase, and the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The results showed that the maximum plasma concentrations, the area values under the concentration-time curves of senkyunolide A, and ferulic acid in wine-processed Chuanxiong Rhizoma were all higher than in raw Chuanxiong Rhizoma, which were completely opposite to our previous studies in normal rats. Compared with normal rats, the theory that wine processing could enhance the efficacy of Chuanxiong Rhizoma may be better reflected in model rats.
Optimization Simulation of Ultrafine Dry Powder Blow-Assisted Pipe Based on CFD
Authors: Miao Bin , Chen Fanbao
Published: March 2022

With the increase of fire in high-rise buildings in recent years, the demand for high-performance Water Tower Fire Truck (WTFT) is increasing day by day. In order to improve the injection capacity of ultrafine dry powder of the WTFT, this article adopts the way of adding blow-assisted pipe to realize nitrogen-assisted blowing, and the internal flow field of existing blow-assisted pipe was analyzed and optimized by CFD simulation. The influence law of size parameters on the mass flow rate and velocity of ultrafine dry powder and nitrogen was analyzed and summarized under different inlet pressure conditions. The optimization result is that the diameter of the nitrogen-assisted blowing pipe is increased between 10 mm and 20 mm, the diameter of the outlet pipe is 32 mm, and the diameter of the inlet of the mixing pipe is 90 mm.
Tourism Destination Image Perception Model Based on Clustering and PCA from the Perspective of New Media and Wireless Communication Network: A Case Study of Leshan
Authors: Wang DongLiang , Hu ShiWei , Feng Lei , Lu YiYi
Published: March 2022

The consistency of tourists’ perceptions of a destination and the public’s evaluation of that perception is the foundation of destination image construction. In this paper, the principal component analysis method is used to analyze the tourism competitiveness of Leshan based on the wireless communication platform, and the obtained multisource geographic data are clustered according to the theme, using LDA (latent Dirichlet allocation) document theme generation model and topic clustering technology of

K

-means clustering algorithm. The hot events and hot topics that tourists care about in scenic spots are quickly extracted during the time span of this study. The model shows that tourists’ destination image perception is an important antecedent variable of tourists’ behavior intention, and perceived value and local attachment are two important intermediary variables. As for the overall effect of tourists’ behavior intention, tourists’ destination image perception has the greatest effect, followed by perceived value, and local attachment is the smallest.
UAV Path Planning Based on Multicritic-Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient
Authors: Wu Runjia , Gu Fangqing , Liu Hai-lin , Shi Hongjian
Published: March 2022

Deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is a reinforcement learning method, which has been widely used in UAV path planning. However, the critic network of DDPG is frequently updated in the training process. It leads to an inevitable overestimation problem and increases the training computational complexity. Therefore, this paper presents a multicritic-delayed DDPG method for solving the UAV path planning. It uses multicritic networks and delayed learning methods to reduce the overestimation problem of DDPG and adds noise to improve the robustness in the real environment. Moreover, a UAV mission platform is built to train and evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a higher convergence speed, a better convergence effect, and stability. It indicates that UAV can learn more knowledge from the complex environment.
Evaluation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Production Using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Biomass Supplemented with Agricultural Wastes
Authors: Ejigu Nigistie , Sitotaw Baye , Girmay Solomon , Assaye Hirut
Published: March 2022

The cost of substrates has been one of the challenges for mushroom cultivation. The commonly used substrates for mushroom production are usually expensive. Substrates with a high biomass return that can pose environmental problems can be good alternatives for mushroom cultivation due to multiple advantages. In this regard, the potential use of water hyacinth biomass (a troublesome aquatic weed) as an alternative substrate is worthy of being studied. This study was aimed at evaluating the potential use of water hyacinth biomass for the production of oyster mushroom. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replications. Water hyacinth biomass was supplemented with straw (wheat, Triticum aestivum, and teff or Eragrostis Teff) at a ratio of 1 : 1, 1 : 3, or 3 : 1. The developmental parameters including days elapsed for mycelium invasion (MI), pinhead formation (PF), and the first flush (FH) were monitored. Growth parameters (cap diameter (CD) and stalk length (SL)), a yield parameter (total weight of mushroom yield), and biological efficiency (BF %) were also recorded. Finally, the economic return (ER) of all the treatments was calculated. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the significance of variation between the different parameters on the production parameters. Means were separated using the Tukey test, when F-test from ANOVA was significant at

p
≤
0.05

. It was observed that water hyacinth biomass alone or supplemented with wheat or teff straw provided promising performance on oyster mushroom development, growth, yield, and biological efficiency compared to the costly substrates (wheat and teff straw). Thus, water hyacinth can be considered as a low-cost substrate for mushroom cultivation and a means to control this aquatic weed from rapid spreading.
Plasma Growth Factor Gene Expression and Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Akinjiyan Favour A. , Adams Andrea , Xu Shuai , Wang Mei , Toriola Adetunji T.
Published: March 2022

Mammographic breast density (MBD) is a risk factor for breast cancer, but its molecular basis is poorly understood. Growth factors stimulate cellular and epithelial proliferation and could influence MBD via these mechanisms. Studies investigating the associations of circulating growth factors with MBD have, however, yielded conflicting results especially in postmenopausal women. We, therefore, investigated the associations of plasma growth factor gene expression [insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-binding protein 3, FGF-1, FGF-12, TGFβ1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2] with MBD in postmenopausal women. We used NanoString nCounter platform to quantify plasma growth factor gene expression and Volpara to evaluate volumetric MBD measures. We investigated the associations of growth factor gene expression with MBD using both multiple linear regression (fold change) and multinomial logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. The mean age of the 368 women enrolled was 58 years (range, 50–64). In analyses using linear regression models, one unit increase in IGF-1 gene expression was associated with a 35% higher volumetric percent density (VPD, 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–1.60; P = 0.001). There were suggestions that TGFβ1 gene expression was positively associated with VPD while BMP-2 gene expression was inversely associated with VPD, but these were not statistically significant. In analyses using multinomial logistic regression, TGFβ1 gene expression was 33% higher (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13–1.56; P = 0.0008) in women with extremely dense breasts than those with almost entirely fatty breasts. There were no associations between growth factor gene expression and dense volume or nondense volume. Our study provides insights into the associations of growth factors with MBD in postmenopausal women and requires confirmation in other study populations.

Prevention Relevance:

Mammographic breast density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Understanding its underlying biological mechanisms could have utility in breast cancer prevention.
RETRACTED: In Vivo Monitoring of Polycythemia Vera Development Reveals Carbonic Anhydrase 1 as a Potent Therapeutic Target
Authors: Murakami Shohei , Barroca Vilma , Perié Leïla , Bravard Anne , Bernardino-Sgherri Jacqueline , Tisserand Amandine , Devanand Caroline , Edmond Valérie , Magniez Aurélie , Tenreira Bento Sabrina , Torres Claire , Pasquier Florence , Plo Isabelle , Vainchenker William , Villeval Jean-Luc , Roméo Paul-Henri , Lewandowski Daniel
Published: March 2022

Current murine models of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) cannot examine how MPNs progress from a single bone marrow source to the entire hematopoietic system. Thus, using transplantation of knock-in JAK2V617F hematopoietic cells into a single irradiated leg, we show development of polycythemia vera (PV) from a single anatomic site in immunocompetent mice. Barcode experiments reveal that grafted JAK2V617F stem/progenitor cells migrate from the irradiated leg to nonirradiated organs such as the contralateral leg and spleen, which is strictly required for development of PV. Mutant cells colonizing the nonirradiated leg efficiently induce PV in nonconditioned recipient mice and contain JAK2V617F hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells that express high levels of carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), a peculiar feature also found in CD34+ cells from patients with PV. Finally, genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of CA1 efficiently suppresses PV development and progression in mice and decreases PV patients’ erythroid progenitors, strengthening CA1 as a potent therapeutic target for PV.

Significance:

Follow-up of hematopoietic malignancies from their initiating anatomic site is crucial for understanding their development and discovering new therapeutic avenues. We developed such an approach, used it to characterize PV progression, and identified CA1 as a promising therapeutic target of PV.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 265
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation following Multiple Cancers and Chemotherapies
Authors: Severijns Christophe , Drion Emilie , Bianchi Elettra , Maquet Pierre
Published: March 2022

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is a rare autoimmune encephalopathy of aging caused by an autoantibody immune response against Aβ protein deposited in the brain of older adults affected by cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Its most common clinical manifestations are (sub)acute-onset cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, focal deficits, seizures, and headaches. Brain magnetic resonance imaging shows characteristic extensive and confluent white matter hyperintensities and CAA features. The response to immunosuppressive treatment is generally good. Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old patient with CAA-ri confirmed on biopsy, who had previously repeatedly received chemotherapy for multiple cancers. We summarize his clinical data, neuroradiological features, and therapeutic response and comment on the potential mechanisms connecting multiple cancers and chemotherapies with CAA-ri.
Pre- and Postnatal Characterization of Autosomal Recessive KIDINS220-Associated Ventriculomegaly
Authors: Brady Lauren I. , DeFrance Bryon , Tarnopolsky Mark
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in the last 2 exons of KIDINS220 have been associated with spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, nystagmus, and obesity (SINO). Syndromic features of this condition include macrocephaly and dilatation of the lateral ventricles. Homozygous variants in the more proximal exons of KIDINS220 have been reported in several fetuses with a similar but more severe phenotype of limb contractures and severe ventriculomegaly identified in the second trimester of pregnancy. Case Presentation: We present here a 2.5-year-old female with profound global developmental delays and spasticity who was found by fetal ultrasound in week 19 of gestation to have bilateral talipes equinovarus and severe bilateral ventriculomegaly. Postnatal genetic testing revealed biallelic variants in KIDINS220. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first living individual reported with the autosomal recessive form of a KIDINS220-associated condition. This case provides additional information about the postnatal phenotype and a detailed history of development from prenatal ultrasonography.
Effects of Apnea, Obesity, and Statin Therapy on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 Levels in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Milojević Ana , Zdravković Marija , Brajković Milica , Memon Lidija , Gardijan Vera , Vekić Jelena , Zeljković Aleksandra , Stefanović Aleksandra , Mihajlović Marija , Ivanišević Jasmina , Bogavac-Stanojević Nataša , Radosavljević Vojislav , Spasojević-Kalimanovska Vesna , Ninić Ana
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to explore the possible relationship between OSA and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Methods: Full-night polysomnography was performed on 150 participants who were divided into three groups: controls, OSA patients on statin therapy, and OSA patients not on statin therapy. Biochemical markers, plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses, and PCSK9 were determined. Results: PCSK9 was highest in OSA patients on statins compared to the control group and to OSA patients not on statins (p = 0.036 and p = 0.039, respectively), after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). LDL diameter was greater in OSA patients not on statins compared to OSA patients on statins (p = 0.032). PCSK9 was highest in the group of patients with all three risk factors (diagnosed OSA, statins, BMI ≥25 kg/m2) compared to groups with no, one, and two risk factors (p = 0.031, p = 0.001, and p = 0.029, respectively). Presence of OSA, statin therapy, and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 when combined were independently associated with higher levels of PCSK9 when adjusted for antihypertensive therapy, small dense LDL, and HDL 3c subclass (odds ratio = 2.849; interquartile range [1.026–7.912], p = 0.044). Conclusion: Statin therapy was closely related to PCSK9. OSA along with obesity and statin use induces elevation of PCSK9.
O Estatuto das Metrópoles na Região Metropolitana de Natal: uma análise a partir dos Fóruns de Imersão Local
Authors: Silva Brunno Costa do Nascimento , Silveira Raquel Maria da Costa , Almeida Lindijane de Souza Bento , Clementino Maria do Livramento Miranda , Queiroz João Victor Rocha de , Leôncio Érica Milena Carvalho Guimarães , Oliveira Pedro Henrique Correia do Nascimento de
Published: March 2022

As iniciativas para consolidação de um arranjo institucional no contexto de implementação do Estatuto da Metrópole (EM) tiveram pouca eficácia desde a criação da Região Metropolitana de Natal (RMN). Desse modo, o presente estudo investiga as mudanças institucionais que o Fórum de Imersão Local, desenvolvido pela Rede de Pesquisa Observatório das Metrópoles (OM) - Núcleo Natal, promoveu ao viabilizar o debate acerca do tema. O objetivo do artigo é analisar como o Fórum de Imersão Local contribuiu para o debate acerca da gestão metropolitana na RMN e para a configuração do seu arranjo institucional calcado no EM. Metodologicamente, foram analisados os resultados dos quatro fóruns de imersão em municípios da Região Metropolitana, contando-se com a presença de gestores públicos e de representantes da sociedade civil. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que a atuação do OM Núcleo Natal refletiu positivamente na atuação governamental. No primeiro momento, a instituição de Planos Plurianuais (PPA’s) com ações metropolitanas por municípios da RMN é resultado de um esforço conjunto com o município de Natal, tendo em vista a ausência de coordenação por parte do governo do estado. Posteriormente, com a realização dos Fóruns de Imersão Local e articulação com o governo eleito em 2018, percebe-se a realização de atividades com a pauta metropolitana, como uma nova reativação do Conselho de Desenvolvimento Metropolitano de Natal (CDMN) e eventos para debater o tema.
Tissue Engineering of Functional Trileaflet Heart Valves From Human Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Hoerstrup Simon P. , Kadner Alexander , Melnitchouk Serguei , Trojan Andreas , Eid Karim , Tracy Jay , Sodian Ralf , Visjager Jeroen F. , Kolb Stefan A. , Grunenfelder Jurg , Zund Gregor , Turina Marko I.
Published: March 2022

Background

We previously demonstrated the successful tissue engineering and implantation of functioning autologous heart valves based on vascular-derived cells. Human marrow stromal cells (MSC) exhibit the potential to differentiate into multiple cell-lineages and can be easily obtained clinically. The feasibility of creating tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) from MSC as an alternative cell source, and the impact of a biomimetic in vitro environment on tissue differentiation was investigated.

Methods and Results

Human MSC were isolated, expanded in culture, and characterized by flow-cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Trileaflet heart valves fabricated from rapidly bioabsorbable polymers were seeded with MSC and grown in vitro in a pulsatile-flow-bioreactor. Morphological characterization included histology and electron microscopy (EM). Extracellular matrix (ECM)-formation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, ECM protein content (collagen, glycosaminoglycan) and cell proliferation (DNA) were biochemically quantified. Biomechanical evaluation was performed using Instron™. In all valves synchronous opening and closing was observed in the bioreactor. Flow-cytometry of MSC pre-seeding was positive for ASMA, vimentin, negative for CD 31, LDL, CD 14. Histology of the TEHV-leaflets demonstrated viable tissue and ECM formation. EM demonstrated cell elements typical of viable, secretionally active myofibroblasts (actin/myosin filaments, collagen fibrils, elastin) and confluent, homogenous tissue surfaces. Collagen types I, III, ASMA, and vimentin were detected in the TEHV-leaflets. Mechanical properties of the TEHV-leaflets were comparable to native tissue.

Conclusion

Generation of functional TEHV from human MSC was feasible utilizing a biomimetic in vitro environment. The neo-tissue showed morphological features and mechanical properties of human native-heart-valve tissue. The human MSC demonstrated characteristics of myofibroblast differentiation.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Helps Prevent Late Remodeling After Left Ventricular Aneurysm Repair in Rats
Authors: Nomoto Takuya , Nishina Takeshi , Miwa Senri , Tsuneyoshi Hiroshi , Maruyama Izumi , Nishimura Kazunobu , Komeda Masashi
Published: March 2022

Background

We reported in a previous study that the initial effects of left ventricular (LV) repair (LVR) for LV aneurysm were not long lasting. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) is known to attenuate remodeling after myocardial infarction, and could be effective after LVR.

Methods and Results

Left ventricular aneurysms were developed in rats after left anterior descending artery ligation. Rats were divided into 3 groups: sham operation with ACE-I (lisinopril 10 mg/kg/d) (n=10; group A), LVR (by plicating the LV aneurysm) with placebo (n=8; group R), and LVR with ACE-I (n=10; group RA). LV function was evaluated by echocardiography and catheterization. Oxidative stress in the myocardium was estimated by immunohistochemistry for 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. One week after LVR, LV end-diastolic area was smaller and fractional area change was better in the 2 LVR groups. Four weeks after LVR, LV end-diastolic area, and fractional area change deteriorated in group R but not so much in group RA; E-max was higher in group RA (0.79±0.20 mm Hg/mL) than in groups A (0.25±0.03 mm Hg/mL;
P
<0.01) and group R (0.27±0.03 mm Hg/mL;
P
<0.01). Oxidative stress was much lower in the 2 ACE-I groups.

Conclusions

LVR improved LV size and systolic function only in the early phase. Adjuvant use of ACE-I was useful for preventing redilation and maintaining LV systolic function, was associated with suppressed oxidative stress, and may make LVR a more effective surgical procedure for LV aneurysm.
Circulatory Assistance With a Permanent Implantable IABP: Initial Human Experience
Authors: Jeevanandam Valluvan , Jayakar David , Anderson Allen S. , Martin Suzanne , Piccione William , Heroux A.L. , Wynne J. , Stephenson Larry W. , Hsu Jack , Freed Paul S. , Kantrowitz Adrian
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The Kantrowitz CardioVAD
TM
(KCV) is an electrically powered, pneumatically driven circulatory assist device which provides diastolic augmentation and systolic unloading to the failing heart. It consists of a 60cc-pumping chamber, a percutaneous access device (PAD), and an external controller. The pumping chamber, is surgically implanted in the descending thoracic aorta with the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass. Its physiologic function is analogous to that of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).

Methods

Between 1997 and 2000, 5 men (age 59 to 73) with end-stage cardiomyopathy refractory to maximal drug treatment and with documented hemodynamic improvement on an IABP were enrolled in a feasibility study.

Results

Mean bypass time was 157 minute (range 120 to 196 minute); mean cross-clamp time was 101 minute (range 69 to 144). Patient 1 died intra-operatively. Compared with preoperative values, at 1 month, cardiac index increased (1.7 to 2.6 L/min/m
2
) and there were significant decreases in creatinine (2.6 to 1.5 mg/dL), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (32 to 14 mm Hg), and right atrial pressure (RA) (19 to 9 mm Hg). NYHA class improved (IV to II). The mean increase in cardiac index with the KCV OFF to ON was 0.53 L/min/m
2
(36%). Two patients were discharged home. The device was used intermittently without thromboembolic complications. The only device related complications were attributed to PAD design and have been corrected.

Conclusion

Our initial human trial demonstrates successful implantation of the KCV in end-stage patients, the ability of the device to be used intermittently without anticoagulation, and documents hemodynamic and functional improvement in the status of these patients.
Optimizing Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Failing Rat Heart—Improved Myocardial Protection With Acute ACE Inhibition
Authors: Podesser Bruno K. , Schirnhofer Jan , Bernecker Oliver Y. , Kröner Andreas , Franz Maximilian , Semsroth Severin , Fellner Barbara , Neumüller Josef , Hallström Seth , Wolner Ernst
Published: March 2022

Background

Whereas the number of patients with reduced left ventricular function after myocardial infarction who need revascularization is increasing, the operative outcome is still inadequate. Consequently, drugs that increase myocardial perfusion and decrease oxygen consumption of the remodeled myocardium are of particular interest to cardiac surgeons. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) provide this pharmacologic profile. This study tests the hypothesis whether acute ACE inhibition during cardioplegic arrest improves outcome in failing rat hearts.

Methods and Results

Male Wistar rats (260±15 g) underwent coronary ligation. Ten weeks later the rats had developed heart failure (HF). Hearts were harvested and studied on a red cell-perfused working heart: 60 minutes of ischemia, protected by cold blood cardioplegia (CP) every 20 minutes, and 45 minutes of reperfusion. Rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups, 1 group receiving the ACE-I quinaprilat with CP (QuinaMI, n=11), and 1 group receiving CP only (MI, n=8). Hemodynamic recovery, high-energy phosphates (HEP), and morphometry were analyzed. Groups showed similar degrees of myocardial infarction (44±5 versus 39±4% of LVmass), LVEDP (5.0±1 versus 4±1 mm Hg) and no differences in baseline values such as external heart work (EHW) and coronary flow (CF). At the end of reperfusion, EHW and CF were significantly higher in QuinaMI than MI (
P
<0.05 and 0.01), LVEDP had returned to baseline in QuinaMI (
P
<0.01). HEP were significantly higher preserved in QuinaMI than MI (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

Acute ACE inhibition during CP improves postischemic systolic and diastolic function, coronary perfusion as well as HEP-levels in a rat model of HF. These results may have clinical impact on patients with HF undergoing cardiac surgery.
The Effect of Extra School Funding on Students’ Academic Achievements under a Centralized School Financing System
Authors: Sohn Hosung , Park Heeran , Jung Haeil
Published: March 2022

This paper analyzes the effect of providing extra school funding on student achievement under the homogenous school funding system in South Korea. This study exploits an administrative cutoff rule that determines the provision of school funding and uses a regression discontinuity design to identify a causal impact of extra school funding. The analysis finds that a 20 percent increase in per pupil funding for underperforming schools reduced the number of below-average students in mathematics, English, social studies, and science by 19.7 percent, 17.0 percent, 16.1 percent, and 18.1 percent compared with the control-side means. The research findings suggest that additional funding for underperforming schools to promote vertical equity would improve students’ academic outcomes if it is distributed directly to underperforming schools and used to provide new academic programs to students.
A Small State’s Campaign to Get Elected to the UNSC: Iceland’s Ambitious Failed Attempt
Authors: Thorhallsson Baldur , Elínardóttir Jóna Sólveig , Eggertsdóttir Anna Margrét
Published: March 2022

This article provides a case study of a small state, Iceland, and its motives for running for a seat on the UN Security Council for the 2009-2010 term, the domestic dispute about the affair, key campaign messages and the campaign strategy. The article fills a gap in the international relations and small state literature on small states’ campaign strategies in UNSC elections. We conclude that the decision to run for a seat and the core message of the campaign were largely based on the quest to enhance Iceland’s status among international actors. However, the country’s lack of resources, limited international engagement and domestic debate about the candidacy became a hindrance. Iceland succeeded in using its smallness to build good momentum for its candidacy but in the end it failed due to weaknesses associated with its small size and its lack of contributions, competence and ideational commitment in the UN.
The microstructure of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) with tung oil thermal treatment
Authors: Tang Tong , Sui Zhen , Fei Benhua
Published: March 2022

Bamboo has a natural anisotropic porous structure. Previous studies have shown strong correlations between the properties and microstructure of bamboo. In this study, we examined the microstructure of Moso bamboo to reveal the mechanism of enhanced properties with tung oil thermal treatment. The morphological and chemical microstructure of Moso bamboo were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. We found that tung oil film presented in the cell wall, cell lumen, and intercellular space after tung oil thermal treatment, which could decrease the water permeability in the cell wall. Additionally, the pits in vessels showed significant shrinkage in the short-axis orientation with thermal treatment in tung oil, and the shrinkage rate was nearly 50% with a temperature of tung oil over 140°C, which prevented the transportation of water through the pit. The content of tung oil in bamboo was reduced by more than 50% with an increase of tung oil temperature from 140°C to 200°C, which further supported the results of changed bamboo morphology. Altogether, these findings offer further support for the enhanced hydrophobic property of bamboo after tung oil thermal treatment.
A new combination in Henriettea (Melastomataceae, Henrietteeae)
Authors: COSMO GALAN YAMAMOTO MANUELLA APARECIDA , FLORIANO BARÊA PASTORE JOSÉ , GOLDENBERG RENATO
Published: March 2022

N/A
Microlicia schwackeana (Melastomataceae), a new species from campo rupestre in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: ALVES VERSIANE ANA FLÁVIA , ROMERO ROSANA
Published: March 2022

Microlicia schwackeana is described as a new species from campo rupestre in Diamantina Plateau s.s. and Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais state. Here, we provide a description, illustration, occurrence map, and comparison with its related morphological species. The new species share some characteristics with M. pabstii and M. sciophylla. However, M. schwackeana differs by its scandent habit, petiolate, not amplexicaul leaves, and both blade surfaces with glandular trichomes mixed with spherical glands. Furthermore, the flower of M. schwackeana has a long pedicel (4.5−5 mm long) and hypanthium and sepals covered with long glandular trichomes (ca. 1 mm long) mixed with spherical glands. This species is considered a Data Deficient (DD) taxon, following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Pulsatilla saxatilis (Ranunculaceae), a new species from north-east China
Authors: ZHANG TING-TING , ZHANG SHU-MEI , XU LIANG , KANG TING-GUO
Published: March 2022

Pulsatilla saxatilis (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Fengcheng in Liaoning province, north-east China, is described and illustrated. Gross-morphologically this species is closely similar to P. chinensis in having 3-foliolate leaves, solitary, erect flowers, and persistent, prolonged styles in fruiting period, but differs by having light blue, whitish-blue or white (vs. violet) sepals and persistent styles 2–2.5 cm (vs. 3.5–6.5 cm) long. Pollen morphology also lends strong support for the description of the new species, with P. saxatilis having pantoporate pollen grains while its putative closest ally, P. chinensis, having tricolpate ones.