bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compared with PA, DAA can improve bone mineral density and postoperative gait recovery：Retrospective study
Authors: Lou Xiulong , Chen Penglei , Ji RuiQing , Shen Jing , Chen Jie , Ge Yuying , Ji Weifeng
Published: July 2024

Background
To investigate the difference of bone mineral density and gait in patients with direct anterior approach and posterior approach after total hip arthroplasty was compared, and the correlation between bone density and gait was observed.
Methods
A total of 76 patients diagnosed with femoral head necrosis and completed the first unilateral total hip arthroplasty from October 2021 to March 2022 were enrolled as the study subjects, and were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods. The gait indexes and bone density in Gruen1 and 7 regions were analyzed retrospectively.
Results
Gait indexes of DAA group and PA group were significantly improvedmafter surgery compared with those before surgery; bone mineral density (BMI) at 1 month and 3 months after surgery in Gruen1 area was significantly improved compared with that in 1 week after surgery. Stride length, stride speed, stride frequency, percentage of single support phase of affected limb to gait cycle, hip motion and BMI at 1 month and 3 months after surgery in DAA group were all better than those in posterior approach group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); there was a positive correlation between the gait indexes and BMI at 1 month and 3 months after operation in both the anterior and posterior approach groups (r > 0 ,P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Total Hip Arthroplasty(THA) with DAA has certain advantages in the postoperative functional rehabilitation of patients, which can improve the bone density of patients and improve the postoperative gait recovery of patients.
Modulation of Plet1 Expression by N-Acetylglucosamine through the IL-17A- MAPK Pathway in an Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis Mouse Model
Authors: Selvakumar Balachandar , Rah Bilal , Sekar Priyadarshini , Jagal Jayalakshmi , Moustafa Raneem , Ramakrishnan Rakhee Kizhuvappat , Haider Mohamed , Ibrahim Saleh Mohamed , Samsudin Rani
Published: July 2024

Psoriasis (Ps) is a chronic inflammatory disorder marked by skin plaque formation, driven by immune dysregulation and genetic factors. Despite the available treatments, the incidence of Ps is increasing in the dermatology patients. Novel strategies are crucial due to treatment limitations. The interleukin 17 (IL-17) pathway is pivotal in Ps pathogenesis, yet the expression of its putative target gene placenta expressed transcript 1 (Plet1) remains unstudied in Ps. Considering the potential anti-inflammatory properties of N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), our study explored its role in modulating Plet1 expression in an Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced Ps mouse model. Our data demonstarted a significant reduction of inflammation and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores, downregulation of growth factors, IL-17A, and MAPK expression after GlcNAc treatment. In addition, GlcNAc treatment reduced neutrophils, monocyte-dendritic cells (Mo-DC) and conventional T cells (Tcons) while increasing monocyte-macrophages (Mo-Macs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). GlcNAc treatment also downregulated Plet1 overexpression in Psoriatic mouse skin and in vitro, reduced proliferation and apoptosis in IL-17A stimulated human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), along with IL-17A and TGF-β mRNA expression. Together, these data suggest that, GlcNAc interferes with downstream mechanisms in IL-17 pathway and downregulating Plet1 expression, presenting a promising strategy for Ps treatment.
DNA methylation analysis of SCD2, SEPT9 and VIM genes for the early detection of colorectal cancer in fecal DNA
Authors: Liu Yue , Ming Hongbo , Xu Lizhi , Li Lizhen , Liu Qi , Zhao Jinyin , Zhong Cundi , Li Hongzhi
Published: July 2024

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with increasing mortality and morbidity. DNA methylation sites may serve as a new genes signature for early diagnosis. The search for representative DNA methylation sites is urgently needed. This study aimed to systematically identify a methylation gene panel for CRC using tissue and fecal samples.
Methods
A total of 181 fecal and 50 tumor tissue samples were collected. They were obtained from 83 CRC patients and 98 healthy subjects. These samples were evaluated for DNA methylation analyzing of 9 target genes by quantitative bisulfite next-generation sequencing. We employed the Rank-sum test to screen the CRC-specific methylation sites in the tissue and stool cohort. Subsequently, a data model was constructed and validated using the dedicated validation dataset.
Results
For all the selected gene sites, CRC tissue samples showed significantly higher methylation rates than fecal and negative controls samples. Methylation rates of tissue and preoperative fecal samples showed the same high and low rates at the same sites. After screening, a panel of 29 locus in the genes SCD2, SEPT9, and VIM proved a reliable biomarker for CRC detection in fecal samples. Logistic regression models were then constructed and validated using this panel. Sensitivity of the model is 91.43% (95% CI=[89.69, 93.17]) and specificity is 100% (95% CI=[100,100]). This confirms the validity of the screened panel to effectively detect CRC via feces.
Conclusions
Our study identifies a set of key methylation sites for the detection of CRC from fecal samples, highlighting the significance of using tissue and fecal samples to accurately assess DNA methylation levels to screen for methylation sites and developing an effective model for early detection of CRC.
There is a 7% risk that the first ice-free day in the Arctic Ocean could occur before 2030
Authors: Heuzé Céline , Jahn Alexandra
Published: July 2024

The observed Arctic sea ice decline is predicted to continue until ‘ice-free’ conditions are reached in the September monthly mean (sea ice area <1 million km2), which is likely to occur by 2050. Aside from being a symbol of ongoing anthropogenic climate change, an ice-free Arctic Ocean will have far-reaching consequences, from the local food web and global climate system to economics and geopolitics. So far all ice-free projection studies have been focused on monthly-mean ice-free conditions. However, the first time we will observe a sea ice area <1 million km2 will be in the daily satellite data. Using daily output from multiple CMIP6 models, we here provide the first projections of when we could see the first ice-free day in the Arctic Ocean. We find that there is a large range of the projected first ice-free day, ranging from 3 years compared to a 2023-equivalent model state (daily sea ice area minimum equal or larger than 3.39 million km2) to no ice-free day before the end of the simulation in 2100, depending on the model and forcing scenario used. Using a storyline approach, we here focus on the nine CMIP6 simulations where the first ice-free day occurs within 3-6 years, i.e. potentially before 2030, to understand what could cause such a rapid transition to first ice-free conditions. We find that these early ice-free days all occur during a rapid ice loss event, and are associated with winter and spring warming. During the final year, all simulations with early ice-free days are exceptionally warm, with storms further aiding the break-up of sea ice until ice-free conditions are reached.
Civic Values of Students – Future Journalists
Authors: Ivanian Ruzanna G. ,   High School of Press and Media Technologies St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design
Published: July 2024

The aim of the research was to obtain information on the civic values of future journalists through the involvement in volunteering, online activism, solidarity practices, as well as through perceptions of the future profession. The methodology of the study was based on general logical and scientific approaches, the empirical data was collected in 2021–2022, through observation, comparison, conversations, and an anonymous semiclosed questionnaire survey. The findings of the study (N=90) of 2nd and 4th grade students may be beneficial for media experts, sociologists, teachers, and civil servants. The author concludes that expression of concern about social problems, personal activism, and active presence online are not automatic prerequisites for citizenship. At the declarative and normative level, the students do not question the importance of active citizenship for journalists. But they have serious difficulties in the linking practically citizenship and journalism. Informants do volunteering, get involved in grassroots levels of digital activism, but do not feel own subjectivity and do not perceive their actions as part of activism. Future journalists even dismiss themselves from activism or resort to its neutral, unambiguous socially approved and comfortable forms, which cause neither internal nor external conflict. The author draws particular attention to the value of solidarity and the practices that arise from it. Students perceive it as collegial support of like-minded people, but they rarely initiate such actions. Lack of focus on the value bases of journalism in educational system in its real rather than normative application leaves students alone with uncertainty and contradictions, resulting in disorientation and a low level of civic engagement.
The Mythologem of Water in A. Varlamov’s Story Rafting
Authors: Kovtun Natalia V. ,   Russian Christian Academy for Humanities named after Fyodor Dostoevsk, Novikova Elizaveta O. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafyev,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafyev
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the mythologem of water – a phenomenon that has become particularly popular in the art and artwork of the XX–XXI centuries, which is associated with a breakdown of the previous cultural paradigm, the need for a new view of the world and man, the actualization of interest in the archaic, the links of artistic words and neomythological imagery. The object of the research is Alexei Varlamov’s novel Rafting as an indicative text that reveals this issue. The subject of analysis is the mythologeme of "water" and its artistic representation in the novel in all its variety of meanings: the primary element of being, the border between worlds, the space of initiation, the labyrinth, a special entity whose existence is inseparable from the history of man and mankind. The aim of the study is to analyze the artistic representation of the mythologem of water in the prose of A. Varlamov. Varlamov’s key story Rafting through the prism of which the fundamental changes in the relationship between man and nature, characteristic of the current literature in general are evident. Water images (river, rain, well, sea monster) are used in the text to reveal the inner world of heroes whose fate reflects the history of mankind: from paradise times, through love, temptations (stages of initiation) to the knowledge of the tragedy of being and mortality. Water, traditionally signifying the border between worlds, becomes an exit to otherness, the characters’ own subconsciousness (the motif of the labyrinth), where everyone is destined to meet a "double", a monster, the battle with which determines insight, approaching the mystery of existence. The emphasis on internal, psychological experiences mediated by the water element forces the reader to turn to the mythopoetic layer of culture, reminds of the archetypal universal. The methodology and methods of research are defined by mythopoetic analysis, a structural-systemic approach to the material and cultural-historical analysis. The practical significance of the work is the possibility of using research materials in teaching such courses as "History of Russian Literature", "Comparative Studies", "Culturology". The mythologeme of water unfolds as one of the key in the work of a number of contemporary authors, representing the natural philosophical direction within modern traditionalism (V. Rasputin), neo-traditionalism (R. Senchin, M. Tarkovsky), developing ecological prose, starting with the texts by V. Astafiev. It is important to show how A. Varlamov’s neo-myth fits into the designated artistic field, what is its fundamental novelty, and how the author continues already established artistic traditions.
I. A. Krylov in the Mirror of Russian-Persian Intercultural Dialogue
Authors: Khalida Siyami Eidlak Khalida Siyami Eidlak ,   University of Bojnord, Bahareh Сheraghi Bahareh Сheraghi ,   Shahid Beheshti University
Published: July 2024

In the development of Iranian literary criticism, translations of the works of the great Russian fabulist I. A. Krylov contribute to the interpenetration and mutual enrichment of the cultures of the two countries. This article contains an analysis of translation interpretations of the fable by I. A. Krylov’s The Crow and the Fox in Iranian, produced both from the original language and through an intermediary language, or rather from English. The paper emphasizes the importance of translating the literary heritage of I. A. Krylov on the development and interaction of cultural relations between Iran and Russia. The relevance of the work is due to the rise in the interest of Iranian readers to the multidimensional translation variations of the works by I. A. Krylov from different linguistic cultures. As a result of this phenomenon, there is also a greater interest of researchers in the field of comparative semantic analysis of their correspondence to the original. The Krylov heritage includes 236 fables, in connection with which, in the framework of this study, the authors chose the fable The Crow and the Fox as the methodological basis for the study. This fable has firmly entered the cultural life of the Iranian people and corresponds to the educational mentality of both the younger generation and the entire Iranian society. The purpose of the study is to make a comparative analysis of the text of the original fable The Crow and the Fox with its various translations in Persian. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the material in the process of teaching the work of the Russian fabulist in the universities of Iran, as well as as an example in the subject of the theory of translation of literary texts. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that at the moment it is the first attempt to study the work of I. A. Krylov through a comparative semantic analysis of the fable The Crow and the Fox in publications in Iranian translated from different source languages.
The Media Image of the Transbaikal Region as a Tool of National Identification
Authors: Prostakishina Natalya V. ,   State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company- Kaliningrad – a branch of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company
Published: July 2024

The urgency of the declared research question is stipulated by the growing media image role in the audience’s vision shaping about current reality and influence of the person’s identifying process with the Russian multiethnic community. The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the axiological components of the Transbaikal Territory media image contributing to the national identification. The object of the study is the media image of the Transbaikal Territory, where representatives of more than 100 ethnic groups live. Values are the dominant constructs of the territory media image; the article reveals their significance in the system of national identification formation. The characteristics of the basic concepts "media image" and "identification" are given within the framework of the linguoculturological approach. The interdependence of these categories is revealed through factorial and cognitive analysis. The role of regional journalists in achieving the goals of the State National Security Strategy of Russia is shown. The conclusions of the study are based on the results of a sociological survey on the topic "The Media Image of the Transbaikal Territory" conducted from May 2021 to December 2022, in which 1039 residents of the region aged 16 to 68 years and older took part. The conducted discourse analysis of more than 500 journalistic materials reveals the correlation between the media image modelling and the national identification process. The results of the study demonstrate that the method of "personalization" is turning to the most important and demanded method in the information field, we note the growing need of the inhabitants of the Transbaikal Territory for journalistic materials, relaying the original values of the region. Obviously, against the background of social and cultural world community trends, it is necessary to organize the work of journalists more carefully. The article presents recommendations on the choice of constructs for the modelling of the territory image aimed to national identification, including the dominant spiritual and moral cultural, historical and material values.
The Functioning of the Image of a Military Pilot in the Framework of Traditional Plot Schemes of Socialist Realism (Based on the Essays by M. Chechneva)
Authors: Zagidulina Tatyana A. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V. P. Astafyev
Published: July 2024

A lot of research has been devoted to the study of the practices of creating images, the canonization of heroes in Soviet culture, but it is worth noting that female images were not created according to the same patterns as male ones, therefore they need to be considered separately. At present, there is a typology of Soviet heroines, the mechanisms for creating images of “stakhanovka”, polar explorers, etc. have been analyzed, but a special study on the image of a military pilot has not been found, which determines the relevance of the study. The image of a military pilot is considered through the prism of traditional plot schemes of socialist realism. The structural-typological method, the method of descriptive poetics, and mythopoetic analysis were used. Comparison of the obtained results with the conclusions made on the basis of the consideration of the “Navigator’s Notes” (1939) by M. Raskova allows us to trace the transformation of the model for creating the Soviet heroine. The focus of the author of this article is the collection of essays “My Fighting Friends” by M. Chechneva (1975), the year of publication of which determined some of the features of the story. The paper considers the plot scheme according to which the pilots’ biographies were built, in the “trivial” genre these schemes are reproduced in accordance with the socialist realist canon, however, the model of the Big Stalinist family undergoes significant changes: the image of the mother is actualized with absolute inattention to the figure of the Father. The paper also describes the mechanisms of representation of the process of initiation – exclusion from society during the war and return there in a different status, describes in detail the schemes of relations between a man and a woman in a situation of separation of the latter from society in order to carry out revenge, victory over the enemy, a conclusion is made about the features of gender inversions. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using research materials in teaching the courses “History of Russian Literature”, “Culturology”. The paper analyzes for the first time an image that has not previously become the subject of independent analysis in the proposed vein. Further study of the transformation of ideas about the Soviet heroine pilot seems appropriate. The study is relevant taking into account the interest of modern science in gender studies
Radio Broadcasting in Buryatia During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)
Authors: Shagdarova Bayarma B. ,   Buryat State University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the activities of the Buryat radio committee during the Great Patriotic War. During this period, radio broadcasting in Buryatia became the center of political agitation and mass defense work, calling on everyone to defend the Soviet homeland. Radio broadcasting during the war did not decrease, on the contrary, it expanded from year to year. The connections between Buryat radio and its listeners was also seriously strengthened. The study of these issues is extremely important for developing the problems of local radio broadcasting, which experienced serious formation and development during the war years. On the eve of the upcoming 80th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, the topic of research is especially relevant. The purpose of the study is to study the experience of political broadcasting during the war. The author relied on the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, as well as universal and specifically scientific methods. This is a problem-chronological approach, systematic and statistical methods. The source base is archival documents from the two funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia. Namely: resolutions of plenums, minutes of meetings of the Regional Committee of the Party, other organizational and administrative documents. Also, clerical documentation of the fund R1051, monthly transmission plans, materials of correspondence with the All-Union Radio Committee, etc. During the radical restructuring of radio broadcasting, political broadcasting took a special place. Radio revealed its powerful social and technical potential in mobilizing the people to fight the enemy
Metaphysical Rationale for War and European-American Racism, Neo-Colonialism
Authors: Parilov Oleg V. ,   Russian State University of Justice, Sobko Ruslan V. ,   Novgorod State Pedagogical University (Minin University,   Russian State University of Justice
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to identifying the factors that led to the formation of Western racism, neo-colonialism, embodied in global civilizational wars. The purpose of the article is to study the archetypal constructions rooted in the Abrahamic discourse, which determined the formation of the concept of “just war” and their connection with European-American racism, neo-colonialism. The relevance of this study is dictated by the state of permanent proxy war that Western civilization is waging against the rest of humanity for world domination; Russia has been at the epicenter of this war. In opposition to the West, our country lays claim to the global mission of establishing a just multipolar world order. The methodological basis of the study is a civilizational approach. Comparative, hermeneutic, exegetical, genetic, phenomenological, and logical methods were used. The study of biblical stories led to the conclusion that it was in the Old Testament era that God’s blessing took shape as a metaphysical justification for war and murder, the foundations were laid for the segregation of peoples along spiritual lines, the beginnings of racial theories and the idea of God’s chosen people with the exclusive right to a “holy” war were formed. Christianity of the first centuries reduces the militaristic intensity, however, in the Roman-Christian and later in the Byzantine Empire, the concept of a just (God-blessed) war is revived again due to the need to protect the Christian empire from the infernal anti-empire; the criteria for legitimizing this war are its justice, adherence to the spiritual idea, personal piety. European racism receives a religious justification among the Anglo-Saxons during the period of colonization of the American continent. On the basis of Protestant attitudes (civilizational, military successes as a criterion of God’s blessing), contractual theology, the status of the United States as “new Israel” is formed, usurping the right to a “holy” war. The authors come to the conclusion that the depravity of the West determines its metaphysically determined doom, despite external civilizational successes. The findings of the study open up prospects for further consideration of the spiritual foundations of the holy (just) war.
Discovery of Japan by Russia and the Crimean War
Authors:   Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow State Linguistic University, Petrov Aleksandr Yu.
Published: July 2024

In the 17th century Japan decided to pursue a policy of limiting or completely prohibiting external contacts. This policy lasted more than two centuries. During the XVIII ‒ early XIX centuries Russia made attempts to establish diplomatic and trade relations with the Land of the Rising Sun, which had only limited success. The end of the isolation policy is associated with the expeditions to Japan by E. V. Putyatin in 1853–1854. The article gives a general overview of the international situation that had developed around Japan at that time. The role of the Russian-American company in supplying the expedition of E. V. Putyatin is noted. An analysis of the negotiations between Russia and Japan is carried out, its features are shown. The Treaty of Shimoda is being studied. The article provides memoirs of contemporaries of those events. The agreement became a model for similar agreements between other countries and Japan. Simultaneously with Putyatin’s journey, the defense of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky took place, as part of the Crimean War. The article shows how those events influenced the establishment of relations with Japan. The article has been prepared using an interdisciplinary approach that combines historical and linguistic methods as well. Close attention is paid to publications by Japanese authors and work with archival materials, especially with documents from the Russian State Archive of the Navy, the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region, the Manuscript Department of the Russian National Library and the electronic archive of the National Diet Library of Japan.
Study of Shoot Tip Necrosis Problems of Fegra Fig (Ficus palmata Forssk.) In Vitro in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Aizari Ahmed Ali , Dewir Yaser Hassan , Al-Obeed Rashid Sultan , Al-Saif Adel M. , Almutairi Khalid F. , Murthy Hosakatte Niranjana , Hakiman Mansor
Published: July 2024

This work studied the micropropagation of fegra fig (F. palmata Forssk.) during which we experienced the incidence of shoot-tip necrosis (STN). STN was evident during the shoot elongation stage, which was regenerated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine. To alleviate SNT, we conducted a series of experiments and supplemented the medium with calcium chloride (40, 80, and 120 mg/L), ascorbic acid (50, 100, and 150 mg/L), silver nitrate (1, 2, and 3 mg/L), and boric acid (9.3, 12.4, and 15.5 mg/L). Results showed that all the treatments controlled STN at varying levels, and supplementation of medium with 3 mg/L silver nitrate reduced the incidence of STN from 80% to 24%. The regenerated shoots were rooted on the same medium with incubation of cultures in the dark for 3 weeks and subsequent 4 weeks of incubation under 16/8-hour light/dark photoperiod. The growth parameters (number of shoots and roots, length of the main shoot and root, fresh and dry weights), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), and relative water content of plantlets were restored with the application of 3 mg/L silver nitrate to the medium. Incubation of cultures initially in the dark followed by 16/8-hour light incubation facilitated axillary shoot elongation. On the basis of our findings, it is recommended to culture the regenerated axillary shoots of fegra fig onto MS medium containing 3% sucrose, 1.5 mg/L activated charcoal, and 3 mg/L silver nitrate to manage STN effectively.
Melon Grafting Effects on Plant Performance and Yield in the High Desert
Authors: di Santo Heinrich , Barrios-Masias Felipe H.
Published: July 2024

Farmers in the high desert are challenged by a short growing season and slow crop establishment of warm-season vegetables. Yet an increasing demand for local produce in nearby urban areas presents an opportunity to diversify farms while adapting to climate uncertainty. Vegetable rootstocks can confer advantages under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, but information on which and how melon rootstocks can improve management does not exist for high desert and short-season regions. Commercial, squash-hybrid rootstocks (i.e., Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) were grafted with a common scion (Cucumis melo cv. Sarah’s choice). Nine rootstocks in 2021 and four selected rootstocks in 2022 were evaluated in four field trials (two per year) in northern Nevada at two distinct locations. Melon grafting did not consistently increase crop performance in the high desert, and it was influenced by location and year. Throughout the initial half of the harvesting period, grafted plants tended to produce more melons, irrespective of location or year, offering a potential appeal for melon growers operating in shorter growing seasons. However, a slight reduction in fruit quality (i.e., °Brix) was observed in some grafted plants compared with the ungrafted control. The benefits of grafting melons onto squash hybrids in high desert conditions remain uncertain and may depend on microenvironment and farming practices that affect crop establishment, such as mulching effects on soil temperature.
Comparison of the Agronomic Performance between a Pigeonpea Hybrid and Five Breeding Lines Developed through Conventional Breeding
Authors: Vázquez Roberto III , Linares-Ramírez Angela M. , Viteri Diego M.
Published: July 2024

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill.] may have cross- or self-pollination that allows the use of hybrids or improved genotypes by conventional breeding approaches in pigeonpea production. The objectives of this research were to: 1) compare the agronomic performance of a hybrid vs. breeding lines (BLs) developed by pedigree and bulk methods, and 2) determine if there were average and useful heterosis and heterobeltiosis for quantitative traits. The hybrid 13KLAF1 and UPE-1, UPE-2, UPE-3, UPE-4, UPE-5 BLs, their parents (13KPP-264-05 and ‘Lázaro’), and one early maturity check ‘ICPL 86012’ were evaluated in field trials in Isabela and Lajas, PR. Data of plant height, days to flowering and harvest, seed yield, and weight of 100 dry-seeds were noted for all genotypes. There were no significant differences between 13KLAF1 and UPE BLs for plant height in both locations. ‘Lázaro’ was late maturity in Isabela (157 days) and Lajas (124 days), as expected. The weight of 100 seeds for all genotypes did not reach values more than 18.5 and 16.3 g such as those observed for 13KPP-264-05 in Isabela and Lajas, respectively. The higher seed yields were observed for 13KLAF1 (3112 kg·ha−1), UPE-4 (2970 kg·ha−1), and ‘ICPL 86012’ (2739 kg·ha−1) in Isabela, whereas 13KLAF1 (1599 kg·ha−1) and ‘ICPL 86012’ (1450 kg·ha−1) produced the higher yields in Lajas. The 13KLAF1 showed an average heterosis and heterobeltiosis of 87% and 60%, and 78% and 30% for seed yield in Isabela and Lajas, respectively. The useful heterosis was >125% in both locations.
Experience with the use of nivolumab and ipilimumab in metastatic fibrolamellar liver carcinoma
Authors: Antonova E. Yu. , Dzhanyan I. A. , Savchenko I. V. , Moroz E. A. , Laktionov K. K. , Romanova K. A. , Pimenov R. I. , Sharapova Е. V. , Breder V. V.
Published: July 2024

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare primary liver tumor with no known risk factors, which occurs in 1–7% of cases of all hepatocellular carcinoma. The disease occurs mainly in adolescents, as an accidental finding or when symptoms appear already during the metastatic process. The main method of treatment with proven efficacy for localized fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is surgical. The experience of using radiation therapy and transarterial chemoembolization is contradictory and needs additional study. The option of preferred drug antitumor treatment is not fully clear, and the search for effective therapy regimens and potential targets specific to this form of hepatocellular carcinoma is relevant and requires further study. Considering the rarity of the pathology, the world literature presents data on the treatment of small groups of patients and clinical cases of successful use of a number of medicinal antitumor regimens. However, the data are contradictory. The literature describes isolated clinical cases of successful use of immunotherapy in patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, requiring further detailed study. Using the example of this clinical case, we have shown the successful long-term use of combined immunotherapy in a patient with fibrolamellar liver carcinoma.
Impact of hepatocellular cancer screening on early diagnostics and overall survival: own data
Authors: Petkau V. V. , Bessonova E. N. , Tarkhanov A. A. , Kartashov M. V. , Anashkina M. A.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. An increase in the life expectancy of patients with HCC can be achieved both by improving treatment methods and by implementing early examination through screening programs.

Aim. Evaluation of the impact of screening in risk groups on early detection of HCC, on the possibility of specialized treatment, on one-year overall survival of patients with HCC.

Materials and methods. The clinical records of 148 patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis (LC) who received medical care at the Sverdlovsk Regional Oncology Center in 2022 with the follow-up period exceeding 12 months were retrospectively studied. HCC was diagnosed as a result of screening carried out on the basis of the Regional Hepatological Center in 34 patients. 114 patients were referred to the oncological hospital due to the detection of a malignant tumor in liver during examination in cause of complaints. The compared groups of patients did not differ in age and sex composition, in the frequency of smoking, alcohol consumption, drug addiction, viral hepatitis B, obesity, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, oncological heredity, in the distribution of LC by class. Patients with HCC detected at screening had a better general somatic status (p < 0.001), more often had viral hepatitis C (82.4% vs. 35.1%, p < 0.001) and AFP above normal (64.7% vs. 43.0%, p = 0.027).

Results. Screening influenced the staging of newly diagnosed patients with HCC. If the proportion of stages B and C according to the Barcelona system remained the same, then stage A accounted for 32.4% versus 12.3% (OR = 3.42; 95% CI 1.37–8.49; p = 0.007). Stage D, on the contrary, was less: 8.8% vs. 36.8% (OR = 0.17; 95% CI 0.05–0.58; p = 0.002). Identification at earlier stages and better general condition of patients influenced the possibilities and results of treatment. In the HCC group after screening more patients received treatment: 88.2% versus 56.1% (OR = 5.86; 95% CI 1.94–17.73; p < 0.001). There was a higher one-year overall survival: 79.4% vs 39.5% (OR = 5.91; 95% CI 2.38–14.73; p < 0.001).

Conclusion. Screening for HCC in risk groups improves early diagnosis, increases the likelihood of patients receiving specialized anticancer treatment and increases the one-year overall survival rate.
Expanding the treatment options for HER2-low metastatic breast cancer: Experience with trastuzumab deruxtecan in aggressive luminal HER2-low breast cancer
Authors: Lubennikova E. V. , Ganshina I. P. , Manukyan M. Sh. , Tyurin I. E. , Artamonova E. V.
Published: July 2024

The polar division of breast cancer into HER2-positive and HER2-negative subtypes has long remained clinically significance. However, up to 60% of HER2-negative tumors have HER2 receptor expression assessed by immunohistochemistry as 1+ or 2+. In the absence of gene amplification, such tumors are classified as HER2-low. Сlassical anti-HER2 agents have not improved treatment outcomes for these tumors. The development of a new generation antibody-cytostatic conjugate, trastuzumab deruxtecan, targeting the HER2 receptor, is changing diagnostic approaches and clinical practice in the treatment of metastatic HER2-low breast cancer. The results of the phase III DESTINY-Breast04 study of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with metastatic breast cancer with low HER2 expression became a real revolution. The median progression-free survival in the cohort of patients receiving trastuzumab deruxtecan was 9.9 months versus 5.1 months in the group of patients receiving standard chemotherapy at the physician’s choice (RR 0.50; 95% CI 0.40–0.63, P = 0.003). An objective response during therapy with trastuzumab deruxtecan was recorded in 52.3% of cases versus 16.3% in the standard treatment group. Therapy with the new drug demonstrated a favorable safety profile and did not reduce the quality of life. In this publication, we present our own experience of treating a patient with metastatic luminal HER2-low breast cancer with trastuzumab deruxtecan. Despite the aggressive course, the number of previous lines of therapy and massive liver damage, the use of trastuzumab deruxtecan made it possible to control the disease for 2 years while maintaining a high quality of life for the patient. Trastuzumab deruxtecan is a new effective treatment option for HER2-low metastatic breast cancer.
New treatment options for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with leptomeningeal metastases
Authors: Goryainova A. Yu. , Sharov S. V. , Kirsanova O. I. , Goncharova O. A. , Murashko R. A.
Published: July 2024

The molecular subtype of breast cancer associated with overexpression of HER2/neu is characterized by more frequent and earlier metastasis to the central nervous system, predetermining an unfavorable prognosis for patients in this category. Patients with secondary brain damage by tumors of any location and histological structure are the most complex group of patients, demonstrating an extremely low level of quality of life, requiring special close monitoring and the development of a personal management algorithm. The development of leptomeningeal lesions doubly complicates the specialist’s task due to the severity of the clinical course and resistance to any therapeutic interventions. The emergence in practice of a new drug a conjugate of the humanized antibody immunoglobulin G1 and the topoisomerase I inhibitor, the exatecan derivative trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) as an additional therapeutic option is new hope for patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), including those with damage to the central nervous system. This article provides an overview of the effectiveness and safety of T-DXd in registration studies, demonstrating the clinical benefit of therapy in a patient with HER2-positive (HER2+) mBC with meningeal involvement in real-world clinical practice.
Protic Ionic Liquid as an Alternative Electrolyte for Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Caffeine and Nicotine in Environmental and Food Samples
Authors: de Macedo José Fernando , Silva Jonatas , dos Santos José Felipe , dos Santos Júnior José Carlos , Matos Micael , Sussuchi Eliana
Published: July 2024

Caffeine (CAF) and nicotine (NIC) are emerging contaminants and are among the most consumed substances in the world, making it crucial to monitor these contaminants. In this work, an alternative electrolyte, 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2HEAA) was used for the development of an electroanalytical method for determination and quantification of CAF and NIC, simultaneously, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The system with the 2HEAA electrolyte was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the DPV parameters were optimized for the best conditions. The method was validated from a calibration curve obtained which showed limit of detection (LOD) of 0.82 and 6.26 μmol L-1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.73 and 20.8 μmol L-1 for CAF and NIC, respectively. In the precision analyses, values lower than 10% of relative standard deviation were obtained. In the presence of concomitant inorganic and organic species, the system proved to be selective in the determination of analytes. The method was used to determine the analytes in fortified samples (river water, synthetic urine and commercial milk), obtaining recoveries between 87.25 and 111.40%. The 2HEAA demonstrated high efficiency as an alternative electrolyte with good signal-to-noise ratio, increased analytical sensitivity of the method, in addition to presenting low cost and fast electrolyte preparation.
Analysis of mechanical damage characteristics of closing resistor of 800kV tank circuit breaker with multi-physical field
Authors: Bao Yanyan , Liu Kang , Wang Feng
Published: July 2024

The closing resistor sheet in the 800 kV tank circuit breaker, used in Northwest China, has been repeatedly damaged due to internal stress concentration during the opening and closing processes. This paper utilizes thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy to analyze the microstructure and composition of the resistor sheet. Alumina ceramic, the primary component, significantly influences the sheet’s thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the carbon component, though minor, provides an effective conductive path. The microhardness of the resistor sheet at different radial positions was measured via a microhardness test system, and it was found that the hardness of the resistor sheet at various radial positions was different and had the minimum value near the outer edge of the resistor sheet. Using multi-physics field analysis software, the 800 kV tank circuit breaker with a closing resistor was modeled, and the stress changes in the closing resistor under impact loads were analyzed. When the surface of the closing resistor was uneven, the stress concentrated on its outer edge, resulting in easily damaging the outer edge.
Climate change and adaptive capacity in the community of Diaguitas, Chile: A descriptive-comparative vision in two time periods
Authors: Salas-Bravo Sonia , Araya-Piñones Angelo
Published: July 2024

Water scarcity is a phenomenon that has generated great concern today. The drought scenario has particularly affected rural communities in the semi-arid region of northern Chile socially, economically, and environmentally as they try to adapt to climate change. This article focuses on the description and comparison of the institutional adaptive capacity of the Chilean community of Diaguitas to adapt to the effects on water resources and extreme events during two periods of time (2004–2007 and 2018–2019). This qualitative study considered the administration of interviews, field observations, and focus groups using the adaptive capacity wheel as a methodological basis. The results show differences in the ability to adapt between the two periods studied with most of the adaptive dimensions at a neutral or no effect level and the emergence of a new dimension of social capital. It was concluded that the adaptive capacity of the Diaguitas might have improved over time, influenced by the increased awareness of the consequences of climate change and the establishment of supportive institutions. It is necessary to incorporate new perspectives into water management, such as indigenous knowledge and collaborative resource management.
Climatic teleconnection of the future trend of meteorological, GRACE-DSI, and vegetation-conditioned-based drought analysis in the Ganga Basin
Authors: Hasan Mohd Sayeed Ul , Akhtar Nadeem , Rai Abhishek Kumar , Amir Khan Mohd , Alfaisal Faisal M. , Alharbi Raied Saad , Hashim Khalid S.
Published: July 2024

This study assesses drought in the Ganga River Basin using standard precipitation index (SPI), Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Drought Severity Index (GRACE-DSI), and vegetation condition index (VCI) via geographic information system (GIS) and non-parametric tests. Future SPI trends show increasing drought severity from 1986 to 2020. GRACE-DSI analysis (2002–2020) indicates a potential rise in drought conditions. VCI computations reveal vegetation health dynamics. Findings suggest an impending severe drought in the Ganga Basin, necessitating urgent water resource management. Drought causes are linked to precipitation changes and resource over-exploitation in changing climate conditions. The study emphasizes implementing measures like water conservation, sustainable land use, and groundwater recharge strategies to mitigate drought impacts.
Optimizing wastewater treatment through artificial intelligence: recent advances and future prospects
Authors: Nagpal Mudita , Siddique Miran Ahmad , Sharma Khushi , Sharma Nidhi , Mittal Ankit
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied to wastewater treatment to enhance efficiency, improve processes, and optimize resource utilization. This review focuses on objectives, advantages, outputs, and major findings of various AI models in the three key aspects: the prediction of removal efficiency for both organic and inorganic pollutants, real-time monitoring of essential water quality parameters (such as pH, COD, BOD, turbidity, TDS, and conductivity), and fault detection in the processes and equipment integral to wastewater treatment. The prediction accuracy (R2 value) of AI technologies for pollutant removal has been reported to vary between 0.64 and 1.00. A critical aspect explored in this review is the cost-effectiveness of implementing AI systems in wastewater treatment. Numerous countries and municipalities are actively engaging in pilot projects and demonstrations to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of AI applications in wastewater treatment. Notably, the review highlights successful outcomes from these initiatives across diverse geographical contexts, showcasing the adaptability and positive impact of AI in revolutionizing wastewater treatment on a global scale. Further, insights on the ethical considerations and potential future directions for the use of AI in wastewater treatment plants have also been provided.
Metal–organic framework-derived carbon-based evaporator for activating persulfate to remove phenol in interfacial solar distillation
Authors: Wang Yasheng , Huang Lei , Zhou Yawen , Yang Bing , Yu Zhixuan , Zhang Zhuoyang , Xu Chenmin , Yang Shaogui
Published: July 2024

The migration of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as phenolic pollutants, during the interfacial solar distillation process is a serious threat to the safety of water quality. Sulfate radicals-based advanced oxidation process is introduced into interfacial solar distillation for SVOCs removal. In this work, metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived carbon coated iron material (Fe@C) decorated carbon evaporators with high Fenton-like catalytic performance were prepared by calcination of iron based-MOFs on metasequoia wood blocks. The results indicate that the MOFs-derived Fe@C-700 evaporator has a carbon-coated iron structure with abundant active sites. In the Fe@C-700/ peroxydisulfate (PDS) /light system, the removal rate of phenol (0.30 mmol/L) reached 95%, and only 5.7% of phenol transfer to distillation water after 240 minutes. Free radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements confirmed the presence of both radical and non-radical pathways in the system with 1O2 and O2•− being the main active species. This work provides a feasible solution for designing iron-based catalysts based on MOFs for interfacial solar distillation process, and also discusses the synergistic effect between interfacial solar distillation and persulfate activation for achieving high-quality distilled water.