bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and methods of the Longitudinal Eating Disorders Assessment Project research consortium for veterans
Authors: Forbush Kelsie T. , Swanson Trevor J. , Gaddy Melinda , Oehlert Mary , Doan Alesha , Morgan Robert W. , O’Brien Colin , Chen Yiyang , Christian Kylie , Song Q. Chelsea , Watson David , Wiese Joanna
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Military service members must maintain a certain body mass index and body fat percentage. Due to weight‐loss pressures, some service members may resort to unhealthy behaviors that place them at risk for the development of an eating disorder (ED).

Objectives

To understand the scope and impact of EDs in military service members and veterans, we formed the Longitudinal Eating Disorders Assessment Project (LEAP) Consortium. LEAP aims to develop novel screening, assessment, classification, and treatment tools for veterans and military members with a focus on EDs and internalizing psychopathology.

Methods

We recruited two independent nationally representative samples of post‐9/11 veterans who were separated from service within the past year. Study 1 was a four‐wave longitudinal survey and Study 2 was a mixed‐methods study that included surveys, structured‐clinical interviews, and qualitative interviews.

Results

Recruitment samples were representative of the full population of recently separated veterans. Sample weights were created to adjust for sources of non‐response bias to the baseline survey. Attrition was low relative to past studies of this population, with only (younger) age predicting attrition at 1‐week follow‐up.

Conclusions

We expect that the LEAP Consortium data will contribute to improved information about EDs in veterans, a serious and understudied problem.
Future demand for primary hip and knee arthroplasty in Scotland
Authors: Farrow Luke , McLoughlin John , Gaba Sahil , Ashcroft George P.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The rising prevalence of osteoarthritis, associated with an ageing population, is expected to deliver increasing demand for arthroplasty services in the future. Understanding the scale of potential change is essential to ensure adequate provision of services and prevent prolonged waiting times that can cause patient harm.

Methods

We set out to provide projections of future primary knee and hip arthroplasty out to 2038 utilising historical trend data (2008–2018) from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project. All analyses were performed using the Holt's exponential smoothing projection method with the forecast package in R statistics. Results were adjusted for projected future population estimates provided by National Records of Scotland. Independent age group predictions were also performed.

Results

The predicted rise of primary hip arthroplasty for all ages is from 120/100k/year in 2018 to 152/100k/year in 2038, a 28% increase. The predicted rise of primary knee arthroplasty for all ages is from 164/100k/year in 2018 to 220/100k/year in 2038, a 34% increase. Based on a static 3‐day length of stay average this would see 4280 and 7392 additional patient bed days required for primary hip and knee arthroplasty patients respectively per annum. The associated additional cost is anticipated to be approximately £26 million.

Conclusions

Anticipated future demand for arthroplasty will require significant additional resource and funding to prevent deterioration in quality of care and an increase in patient wait times, additional to that already required to clear the COVID‐19 backlog. Understanding presented projections of changes to arthroplasty demand is key to future service delivery.
Unified discrete‐element approach applying arbitrary undrained loading paths in element testing for granular soils
Authors: Wu Qixin , Yang Zhongxuan
Published: October 2022

The discrete element method (DEM) is crucial in investigating and modeling the elementary behavior of granular materials under varying loading conditions, especially those that cannot be adequately investigated via conventional laboratory testing. However, the application of the DEM in simulations that involve complex loading paths under undrained conditions is scarce, primarily owing to the inability to maintain a constant‐volume condition. This paper presents a unified discrete element approach that can apply arbitrary loading paths while satisfying the equivalent undrained condition. The proposed method comprises two parts: (1) a novel strategy that determines the virtual pore pressure under complex undrained loading conditions, and (2) an advanced undrained servomechanism that can simultaneously control each stress component independently. Numerical algorithms corresponding to three new undrained loading paths, that is, true triaxial test, rotational shear, and traffic loading path that have never been simulated using DEM are successfully implemented in a unified manner. Macroscale simulation results under these loading paths are qualitatively in good agreement with their experimental counterparts, thereby confirming the practicality and robustness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, in‐depth discussions on the DEM results from these three new loading paths are presented from microscopic perspective.
Catheter‐associated deep vein thrombosis in children with severe traumatic brain injury: A single‐center experience
Authors: Lovett Marlina E. , Daniel Megan , Keesari Rohali , MacDonald Jennifer , Rodriguez Vilmarie , Muszynski Jennifer , Sribnick Eric A. , O'Brien Nicole F. , Ayad Onsy
Published: October 2022

Background

This study was performed to describe the single‐center experience of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) who were mechanically ventilated with a central line, and to identify potentially modifiable risk factors. It was hypothesized that children with DVT would have a longer duration of central venous line (CVL) and a higher use of hypertonic saline (HTS) compared to those without DVT.

Procedure/methods

This was a retrospective study of children (0–18 years) with sTBI, who were intubated, had a CVL, and a minimum intensive care unit (ICU) stay of 3 days. Children were analyzed by the presence or absence of DVT. HTS use was evaluated using milliliter per kilogram (ml/kg) of 3% equivalents. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine which factors were associated with DVT.

Results

Seventy‐seven children met inclusion criteria, 23 (29.9%) had a DVT detected in an extremity. On univariable analysis, children with DVT identified in an extremity had prolonged CVL use (14 vs. 8.5 days, p = .021) and longer duration of mechanical ventilation (15 vs. 10 days, p = .013). HTS 3% equivalent ml/kg was not different between groups. On multivariable analysis, mechanical ventilation duration was associated with DVT detection in an extremity, whereas neither CVL duration nor HTS use had an association.

Conclusions

There was a high incidence of extremity DVT detected in children with sTBI who received invasive mechanical ventilation and had a CVL. HTS administration was not associated with DVT detection in an extremity.
Numerical investigation on behaviors of composite laminates with initial delamination defects under impact and compression after impact
Authors: Han Xuecheng , Cai Hongneng , Sun Jie , Wei Zhiyuan , Huang Yaping , Meng Lingqi , Wang Ang
Published: October 2022

The initial delamination defects may arise during the preparation of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates, so its effects need to be considered in the evolution of mechanical properties. In this article, the behaviors of composite laminates with initial delamination defects under impact and compression after impact (CAI) are investigated by numerical method. The simulation framework composed of the micromechanics of failure (MMF) theory and the mixed mode exponential cohesive zone model (ECZM) is constructed. The numerical analysis compares the effects of the interaction between four different initial delamination defects and impact loading on impact response and CAI strength at two impact velocity levels (1.336 and 2.314 m/s). Furthermore, the failure mechanisms of laminates with initial delamination defect are disclosed under CAI loading. The findings indicate that the difference in impact response is minor. The CAI strength is reduced from 250.5/173.5 to 191.5 MPa/139.1 MPa. The sufficient condition for the further significant reduction of CAI strength is that the initial delamination defects merge with the impact‐induced delamination cracks in the width direction of laminates. Moreover, the failure mechanism for CAI condition is mostly matrix damage and interlaminar crack propagation. This work provides a valuable reference for engineering failure analysis of composite laminates.
Text‐based representations with interpretable machine learning reveal structure–property relationships of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons
Authors: Fite Shachar , Wahab Alexandra , Paenurk Eno , Gross Zeev , Gershoni‐Poranne Renana
Published: October 2022

New tools are developed and applied to enable the use of interpretable machine learning for investigation of structure–property relationships in polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs). A textual molecular representation, which is based on the annulation sequence of PBHs, is shown to be of utility either in its textual form or as a basis for a curated feature vector. Both forms display interpretability exceeding those achievable by standard SMILES representation; and the former also has increased predictive accuracy. A recently developed model, CUSTODI, was applied for the first time as an interpretable model, identifying important structural features that impact various electronic molecular properties. The resulting insights not only validate several well‐known “rules of thumb” of organic chemistry but also reveal new behaviors and influential structural motifs, thus providing guiding principles for rational design and fine‐tuning of PBHs.
The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on caregiver‐oriented outcomes in caregivers of adult cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kusi Grace , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Boamah Mensah Adwoa Bemah , Lee Charlotte T. , Viswabandya Auro , Puts Martine , Mayo Samantha
Published: October 2022

Objective

Cancer caregiving can result in increased psychosocial distress and poor health‐related quality of life (QOL). Psychoeducation has been shown to be effective in enhancing caregiving‐oriented outcomes. A systematic assessment of the overall effect of psychoeducational intervention (PEI) and identification of individual intervention characteristics that may contribute to the effectiveness of PEI is needed.

Methods

For this meta‐analysis, relevant articles were identified through electronic databases using key search terms and their medical subject heading such as “family caregiver,” “cancer,” and “psychoeducational intervention.”

Results

Twenty‐eight controlled trials with 3876 participants were included. PEIs had beneficial effect on depression (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] −0.26; 95% CI = −0.50 to −0.01, p < 0.04), anxiety (SMD −0.41; 95% CI = −0.82 to 0.01, p < 0.05), caregiver burden (SMD −0.84; 95% CI = −1.22 to −0.46, p < 0.0001) and QOL (SMD 0.59, 95% CI 0.24–0.93; p < 0.0009) at the immediate post‐intervention period. At longer‐term follow‐up, the effectiveness of PEI was maintained on QOL (SMD 0.39, 95% CI = −0.00 to −0.77, p < 0.05), and anxiety (SMD −0.57; 95% CI = −1.09 to −0.06, p < 0.03). Moderation analysis showed that intervention characteristics such as studies conducted in high‐income countries, group intervention and studies that focused on specific and mixed cancers explain some of the high variations observed among the included studies.

Conclusions

PEI may benefit caregivers of cancer patients through the significant effects on caregiver burden, QOL, anxiety, and depression. The findings from the moderation analysis may be important for the design of future interventions.
Investigating the allosteric response of the PICK1 PDZ domain to different ligands with all‐atom simulations
Authors: Stevens Amy O. , Kazan I. Can , Ozkan Banu , He Yi
Published: October 2022

The PDZ family is comprised of small modular domains that play critical roles in the allosteric modulation of many cellular signaling processes by binding to the C‐terminal tail of different proteins. As dominant modular proteins that interact with a diverse set of peptides, it is of particular interest to explore how different binding partners induce different allosteric effects on the same PDZ domain. Because the PICK1 PDZ domain can bind different types of ligands, it is an ideal test case to answer this question and explore the network of interactions that give rise to dynamic allostery. Here, we use all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to explore dynamic allostery in the PICK1 PDZ domain by modeling two PICK1 PDZ systems: PICK1 PDZ‐DAT and PICK1 PDZ‐GluR2. Our results suggest that ligand binding to the PICK1 PDZ domain induces dynamic allostery at the αA helix that is similar to what has been observed in other PDZ domains. We found that the PICK1 PDZ‐ligand distance is directly correlated with both dynamic changes of the αA helix and the distance between the αA helix and βB strand. Furthermore, our work identifies a hydrophobic core between DAT/GluR2 and I35 as a key interaction in inducing such dynamic allostery. Finally, the unique interaction patterns between different binding partners and the PICK1 PDZ domain can induce unique dynamic changes to the PICK1 PDZ domain. We suspect that unique allosteric coupling patterns with different ligands may play a critical role in how PICK1 performs its biological functions in various signaling networks.
Population pharmacokinetics modeling and exposure‐response analyses of cemiplimab in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer
Authors: Nguyen Jenny‐Hoa , Epling Daniel , Dolphin Nancy , Paccaly Anne , Conrado Daniela , Davis John D. , Al‐Huniti Nidal
Published: October 2022

A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model was previously developed for cemiplimab in patients with solid tumors, including advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Here, we update the existing PopPK model and characterize exposure‐response relationships using efficacy and safety data obtained in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (R/M CC). To improve model stability and robustness of the existing PopPK model in 1062 patients, the random‐effect error model was revised, and structural covariates were removed from the base model to be tested in the covariate analysis. The updated model was used for external validation of cemiplimab pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients with R/M CC on cemiplimab monotherapy (350 mg every 3 weeks intravenously) from a phase III study (NCT03257267). Exposure‐response relationships for cemiplimab efficacy (overall survival [OS], progression‐free survival [PFS], duration of response [DOR], objective response rate [ORR]), and safety (immune‐related adverse events [irAEs]) were analyzed in 295 patients with R/M CC from the aforementioned study. The updated PopPK model showed improved stability with 94.8% successful bootstrap runs vs. 47.6% in the prior model. Cemiplimab exposure was similar across tumor types, including basal cell carcinoma, CSCC, and non‐small cell lung cancer. External validation showed the updated model adequately described cemiplimab PK in patients with R/M CC. In exposure‐response efficacy analyses, Cox proportional hazard modeling (CPHM) showed no trend between exposure and OS, Kaplan–Meier plots showed no trend between exposure and PFS or DOR, and logistic regression analyses conducted on ORR showed no exposure‐response relationship. In exposure‐response safety analyses, CPHM showed no trend between exposure and irAEs.
Studies on the mechanism of energy metabolism via AMPK/PGC‐1α signaling pathway induced by compatibility of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort and Gastrodia
Authors: Ni Ni , Yang Lu‐Ping , Lin Xiao , Hong Yan‐long , Shen Lan
Published: October 2022

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates overall energy consumption and energy intake through cytokines. Ligusticum striatum DC (CX) combined with Gastrodia elata Blume (TM) has been used for migraine treatment for millennia. When used alone in clinical practice, CX causes symptoms of thirst, irritability, and yellow urine and has influenced the levels of cytokines such as AMP that activate the AMPK pathway of energy metabolism. However, relationships between this compatibility prescription, integral biological energy metabolism, and the AMPK pathway remain unclear. Studies were performed by treating normal rats with physiological saline, CX extract, CX coupled TM extract, and TM extracts separately for 4 weeks. Food intake, water intake, urine output, stool output, and body weight were monitored once a week by the metabolic cage method. Values of FBG, BUN, TP, TC and TG in blood samples were detected approaching the whole blood automatic detector from 1 to 4 weeks. Na+‐K+‐ATPase, Ca2+‐Mg2+‐ATPase, cAMP, and cGMP activity were determined by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the biological samples that were obtained at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after drug administration were tested by GC‐TOF‐MS. Then real‐time PCR and Western Blot were applied to detect changes in expression of some substances involved in energy metabolism. The results demonstrated that administering CX alone increased energy input, mobility, and respiratory exchange ratio, accelerated energy consumption, and caused inflammatory infiltration in the liver. CX coupled with TM led to lower energy metabolism and liver damage in comparison with CX used alone. Moreover, CX‐treated rats harbored higher levels of differential metabolites (including pyrophosphate, oxaloacetic acid, and galactinol). Glycerophospholipid metabolism and the citrate cycle are closely related to the differential metabolites above. In addition, CX‐induced unbalanced energy metabolism depends on cAMP activation mediated by the AMPK/PGC‐1α pathway in rats. Our findings suggest that CX‐induced energy metabolism imbalance was corrected after coupling with TM by mediating the AMPK/PGC‐1α pathway.
A multi‐module soft robotic arm with soft actuator for minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Zhang Yin , Liao Jianyi , Chen Minghong , Li Xin , Jin Guoqing
Published: October 2022

Background

Compared to traditional rigid robotic arms, soft robotic arms are flexible, environmentally adaptable and biocompatible. Recently, most minimally invasive cardiac procedures still rely on traditional rigid surgical tools. However, rigid tools lack sufficient bending angles, which are high‐risk in terms of contact with tissues and organs.

Methods

A soft robotic arm with multiple degrees of freedom was designed to repair atrial septal defects in cardiac surgery. The developed multi‐module soft robotic arm consists of four different units, including a bending unit, a turning unit, a stretching unit and gripper units. The three movement units can reach the specified position, and the gripper units can hold a surgical tool stably, such as a suture needle in cardiac surgery.

Results

A cardiac surgery to repair an atrial septal defect has been completed, validating the reliability and functionality of the developed multi‐module soft robotic arm.

Conclusions

The multi‐module flexible soft robotic arm for minimally invasive surgery proposed in this paper can reach the designated surgical area during surgery to repair Atrial Septal Defects. Meanwhile, the design of the actuator of the robot arm was used a completely soft silicone material replacing the rigid material, which releases the contact trauma of the organs during the surgery.
Continuum robots for endoscopic sinus surgery: Recent advances, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Cao Yongfeng , Shi Yuxuan , Hong Wuzhou , Dai Peidong , Sun Xicai , Yu Hongmeng , Xie Le
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has been recognized as an effective treatment modality for paranasal sinus diseases. Over the past decade, continuum robots (CRs) for ESS have been studied, but there are still some challenges. This paper presents a review on the scientific studies of CRs for ESS.

Methods

Based on the analysis of the anatomical structure of the paranasal sinus, the requirements of CRs for ESS are discussed. Recent studies on rigid robots, handheld flexible robots, and CRs for ESS are presented. Surgical path planning, navigation, and control are also included.

Results

Concentric tube CRs and cable‐driven CRs have great potential for applications in ESS. The CRs incorporated with multiple replaceable arms with different functions are preferable in ESS.

Conclusion

Further study on navigation and control is required to improve the performance of CRs for ESS.
4.1: Simulation and Analysis of Edge Ghosting for Microcapsule E‐Paper Based on Particles Dynamics
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Liu Guangyou , Yang Mingyang , Zou Guowei , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: October 2022

A model of particles dynamics of electrophoretic display was established to simulate the distribution of charged particles, edge ghosting effect with different thicknesses, dielectric constants of back binder layer. Reflectivities corresponding to particles distributions were simulated, which evaluated the extent of edge ghosting. The model can suggest the best values of the above parameters.
11.1: Invited Paper: Production‐Worthy Massive Parallel Transfer Technology for the Assembly of Micro‐LED Based Displays Makarem A. Hussein
Authors: Hussein Makarem A.
Published: October 2022

In this work, the basis for high production, deterministic massive transfer process flow and equipment technology utilizing an electromagnetic force transfer head, are introduced and discussed. A fundamental requirement for using electromagnetic force is to include a paramagnetic material in the metallurgy of the micro‐LED contacts.
14.1: Invited Paper: R2R gravure printed flexible carbon nanotube‐based TFT active matrixes and its flexible display application
Authors: Sun Junfeng , Park Hyejin , Park Jinhwa , Shrestha Kiran , Jung Younsu , Cho Gyoujin
Published: October 2022

R2R gravure printing system was employed for printing a limitless size of thin‐film transistor‐active matrix (TFT‐AM) with a resolution of 10 at the printing speed of 6 m/min. The R2R printed TFT‐AM was shown a 92.7% device yield, average mobility of 0.11±0.005 cm2/Vs, an average on‐off current ratio of 103.85±0.29, and a threshold voltage (Vth) variation of ±12.3 %. To demonstrate the concept of flexible display, an electrophoretic display (ECD) signage was demonstrated by simply laminating the electrophoretic sheet on the R2R gravure printed carbon nanotube‐based TFT active matrix.
22.1: Invited Paper: Single mode Red, Green and Blue Laser Diodes and their Applications for HMD, AR/VR Glasses
Authors: Hirano Yasuaki , Tani Yoshihiko , Ono Takashi , Miyamoto Sadamu , Noriaki Fujii
Published: October 2022

In recent years, Laser Diodes have been used in various applications. The first real application started with the release of compact disc(CD) players/digital versatile disks (DVD) players. Since blue and green lasers have been developed, and laser diodes have begun to be used for various display applications such as pico‐projector and Laser TV. In particular, recently, it is expected to be applied to head mount display(HMD) and Augmented reality(AR)/virtual reality(VR) glass applications as one of the new applications of single mode laser. This paper shows the laser diode and applications that have been developed so far, the trends of light sources for HMD and AR/VR glass applications that are expected in the future, the issues when using red green and blue laser diodes, and how to solve them.
52.3: Mechanism of Perforated Encapsulation Failure in Reliability Test of Foldable Display
Authors: Li Xi-Ping , He Wei , Cheng Xu-Hui , Fan Lei , Fan Chun-Fang , Yang Xiao-Yan , Ma Hong-Wei , Li Mao , Zhang Yi , Ma Qun , Li Xing-Hua
Published: October 2022

As flexible OLED technology continues to mature, new technologies such as folding screens and in‐screen punching have been widely used in many fields such as mobile phones and portable laptops. Overlapping application of new technologies meets the needs of consumers and provides competitive products for the market, but also puts forward higher requirements for product reliability. In this research, the mechanism of dark spot caused by encapsulate failure in perforated area of foldable display screen in reliability test was systematically studied. Under the action of water vapor and electricity, the K element in the polarizer reacts electrochemically to generate KOH, which further generates K2SiO3 chemically with SiO2 of CVD encapsulation layer, resulting in the expansion of CVD film and encapsulation failure. Water vapor denatures the organic luminescent materials, dark spots appear.
P‐1.4: Analysis of the Hump Characteristics in Poly‐Si Thin Film Transistor & Process a method to suppress hump effect
Authors: Guo Yiyu , Pan You , Lu Hongxia , Tan Shengmei , Dai Ronglei , Gong Qiang , Xue Jingfeng
Published: October 2022

In this study, we investigate the transfer characteristics of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon(LTPS) thin film transistors(TFTs) often show a “hump” in subthreshold region. This effect can be attributed to the presence of an enhanced electrical field at edges of the active layer. To reduce the hump effect which is one of the critical issues in ploy‐Si TFT, we focus on crowding of gate fringing field at channel edge and suggest a modified structure of channel edge. Using dry etching process, change the polysilicon layer at the edge of the channel from a steep profile to a slightly flat profile. And we confirmed that the severity of the hump effect is directly related to the edge profile of the polysilicon.
P‐1.17: Ultraviolet Light Response of Amorphous Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors with Double‐Stacked Channel Layers
Authors: Fan Zenghui , Zhang Wen , Shen Ao , Dong Chengyuan
Published: October 2022

We investigated the ultraviolet (UV) light detectors of amorphous InGaZnO thin film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) with double‐stacked channel layers (DSCL). When the UV light wavelength decreased from 400 nm to 370 nm, the devices with DSCL exhibited better light response properties than those with single channel layers. Especially, the a‐IGZO TFT with DSCL (OR‐IGZO/OD‐IGZO) structure achieved 28.6 dB of sensitivity, 9.7×10−7 A/W of responsivity, and 1.6×108 cm•Hz0.5•W−1 of detectivity under the UV light with wavelength = 370 nm. This improvement was assumed to the best combination of light absorption and interface states for the special DSCL structure.
P‐3.15: Verification and Analysis on Display In‐folding Droplet‐like Morphology and Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Liu Lu , Shi Shiming , Zhu Hong , Li Zhao , Dong Liming , Bian Lupeng
Published: October 2022

This file was produced for analyzing in‐folding water‐drop morphology and influence factors of display. Mainly about two aspects, Firstly is bending water‐drop morphology design. In this part, we conducted dynamic water‐drop bending with three different fixtures to verify effects of force apply position on the water‐drop shape and bending effect. The results indicate that the closer the force application point is to the maximum radius of the bending water, the better the bending effect will be. Secondly, by conducting dynamic and static water‐drop bending separately with same panel and fixture, we study the difference between dynamic and static water‐drop bending. The results shows static bending mainly considers OCA interfacial viscosity, and dynamic bending mainly consider OCA pluck fatigue resistance.
P‐5.1: FPC Bending Simulation and Analysis for Wearable Products
Authors: Sun Yaxin , Zhong Peng , Chen Xiuyun , Sun Lingyu , Du Jingjun , Zhao Chaoyue , Liang Fei , Hou Tingxiu , Cai Site , Wang Guangquan
Published: October 2022

In this paper, based on ANSYS Workbench the FPC physical model is established to analyze the bending stress and strain under reliability bending test condition. Before the improvement measures are applied, the stress is 760Mpa, larger than ultimate stress for both PI and copper film, with strain larger than 10 percent, so it is obvious that there is a risk of crack appearing on FPC. After changing the stack design of FPC, the stress and strain can reduce significantly, which are 550Mpa and 7 percent respectively. Considering the time consumption for three‐dimensional model calculation, a simplified model is introduced, which just focus on material properties and film stacking. The simulation result shows that the difference of calculation results between three‐dimensional model and simplified model is just less than 5 percent, which means the simplified model is verified to be reliable to analyze the bending stress and bending strain.
P‐8.3: Optimization of MiniLED DeMura Using a Color Visual Difference Model
Authors: Wen Ming , Feng Xiaofan , Zheng Zeng Qiang , Hu Xiao Long
Published: October 2022

The intensity and peak wavelength variations of the LEDs are the root causes for the non‐uniformity of mini‐LED panels. Even though per‐pixel 3X3 DeMura would improve the uniformity to some extent, the residual Mura when displaying high brightness or high saturation images is still no‐negligible due to clipping. The mixing up of the LED chips with different peak wavelength before soldering makes it possible for traditional error diffusion to reduce the residual Mura. An S‐CIELAB‐based nonuniformity evaluation model is applied to optimize the error diffusion process. Our optimized error diffusion method applies adaptive diffusion matrix instead of fixed parameter matrix to diffuse the error, and the averaged ΔE is reduced by 36% and 50% compared with that of DeMura with clipping and that of DeMura with traditional error diffusion method respectively.
P‐12.6: Super‐fast Rewritable ORLCD Enabled Using Bumpy MoS2 Nano‐flakes Hybrid thin Layer
Authors: Gao Shining , Liu Yang , Seo Dae-Shik
Published: October 2022

A super‐fast optically rewritable liquid crystal display (ORLCD) has been developed using a MoS2 nano‐flakes doped polyimide (PI) hybrid thin layer in this paper. The MoS2 hybrid thin layer was prepared by directly doped MoS2 nano‐flakes in PI solution, and is of high transparency. Liquid crystals (LCs) were antiparallelly aligned between rubbed MoS2 hybrid thin layer and optically oriented SD1 thin layer, and subsequently were realigned by polarized blue laser irritation in multi‐domains as shown in Figure 1. The realignment of LCs generates visible optical changes under polarized optical microscope (POM) and makes the written information readable. The rewriting time in which LCs are optically switched to achieve the highest contrast was also found remarkably reduced by Mos2 nano‐flakes. In specific, by using a 1wt% MoS2 nano‐flakes doped PI hybrid thin layer, the rewriting time has been reduced to 37.36s, which is about 46.41% decrease compared with pure PI cell as shown in Figure 2. The accelerated rewriting time here is believed mainly caused by strengthened anchoring of LCs on bumpy hybrid thin layer due to MoS2 nano‐flakes agglomeration as indicated in Figure 2 (b), which super‐fast actualizes the high optical contrast in domains. These findings will significantly contribute to a wide range of research and applications of ORLCD.
P‐12.10: Fast Switchable Depth‐ranging System Based on Combination of Liquid Crystal Polarization Grating and Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Dammann Grating
Authors: Cheng Yuechu , Sun Zhibo , Yuan Zhengnan , Yu Xinyi , Li Anran , Cheng Ming , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: October 2022

In this work, a combined system including FLC high‐speed polarization rotator, liquid crystal polymerizable polarization grating, FLC switchable Dammann Grating is proposed to form tunable diffractive spot matrices and acquire depth information. By adjusting electric field, the grating can be switched between diffractive state showing 4 by 4 optical spots arrays in two areas and non‐diffractive state, respectively. At a low driving voltage of 5V, our approach renders the gratings electrically tunable with a fast response time of 50μs, which has the potential for LiDAR applications.
P‐13.7: A novel approach to achieving high resolution of OLED display by ink‐jet printing method
Authors: Zhao Dejiang , Huang Wei , Li Yang , Lu Tianhao , Tian Yu , Jin Qian , Sun Qian , Sun Yanliu , Yuan Guangcai , Jiao Zhiqiang , Wang Lu
Published: October 2022

A novel approach was used in this paper to achieving high resolution of organic light emitting diode (OLED) display by ink‐jet printing (IJP) method. In our work, a structure of line bank with two layers was utilized, in which the bottom and top layers were designed for pixel definition and ink restriction, respectively. As a result, the resolution of our OLED display reached 537 pixels per inch (PPI). Besides the structure, the interface factors of bank materials choice which affect the improvement of resolution was discussed.
Participation in a yoga intervention is associated with improved mental health among Latinx adolescents
Authors: Hospital Michelle M. , Clarke Rachel D. , Morris Staci Leon , Fernandez Sofia B. , Spadola Christine E. , Wagner Eric F.
Published: October 2022

Latinx youth with mental health disorders have worse outcomes when compared to their White (non‐Hispanic) counterparts. Latinx youth also have less access to and lower utilization of mental health services. Emerging research supports the psychological and physical benefits of engaging in yoga and yoga may function as a complimentary treatment option for patients with mental health challenges. However, research assessing the efficacy of yoga and mindfulness is particularly sparse among Latinx youth, who may particularly benefit from mind body awareness activities given barriers to more traditional health approaches. The objective of this quasi‐experimental study was to examine the effects of a 12‐week Vinyasa flow‐based yoga group intervention on anxiety, depression, empathy, and life satisfaction among adolescents receiving outpatient mental health treatment. Adolescents (n = 186; 12–17 years old) were recruited to an active intervention condition (Yoga); a subsequent group of participants (n = 91) were recruited in the same manner to an assessment‐only comparison control condition (Comparison). The Yoga group participated in culturally and developmentally tailored group yoga classes for 12 weeks. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the main effect intervention response between participants in the two conditions. At the post‐intervention assessment, after controlling for baseline levels of outcome variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, empathy, and life satisfaction), on average participants in the yoga condition reported: less depression symptoms (B = −1.54, p = 0.008), less anxiety symptoms (B = −0.75, p = 0.048), greater empathy (B = 1.32, p = 0.025) and greater life satisfaction (B = 0.30, p = 0.013) as compared to the Comparison condition. Yoga interventions can be an acceptable and feasible modality for promoting well‐being and reducing mental health problems among Latinx youth.
Recent Progress of Carbon Dots for Air Pollutants Detection and Photocatalytic Removal: Synthesis, Modifications, and Applications
Authors: Zhao Jungang , Li Caiting , Du Xueyu , Zhu Youcai , Li Shanhong , Liu Xuan , Liang Caixia , Yu Qi , Huang Le , Yang Kuang
Published: October 2022

Rapid industrialization has inevitably led to serious air pollution problems, thus it is urgent to develop detection and treatment technologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis and efficient removal of harmful pollutants. Notably, the employment of functional nanomaterials, in sensing and photocatalytic technologies, is promising to achieve efficient in situ detection and removal of gaseous pollutants. Among them, carbon dots (CDs) have shown significant potential due to their superior properties, such as controllable structures, easy surface modification, adjustable energy band, and excellent electron‐transfer capacities. Moreover, their environmentally friendly preparation and efficient capture of solar energy provide a green option for sustainably addressing environmental problems. Here, recent advances in the rational design of CDs‐based sensors and photocatalysts are highlighted. An overview of their applications in air pollutants detection and photocatalytic removal is presented, especially the diverse sensing and photocatalytic mechanisms of CDs are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are also provided, emphasizing the importance of synthetic mechanism investigation and rational design of structures.
Implications of the changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a changing world
Authors: Agrawal Manasi , Jess Tine
Published: October 2022

The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has undergone considerable shifts since its emergence in the Western world over a century ago, especially in the last few decades, with increasing global burden of disease. IBD incidence continues to rise in developed countries in all age groups which is contributing to compounding prevalence. Further, IBD incidence is rising sharply in Asia and other recently developed and developing countries. In this review, we discuss the implications of changing trends of IBD epidemiology. First, changing patterns provide insights into IBD causes, as they occur concurrent with shifts in the environment, cultures, and attitudes. Understanding the impact of the environment on IBD risk can help towards prediction and prevention strategies. Second, we must prepare healthcare systems for the rising burden of IBD and address it at various levels towards improving outcomes and health, overall.
Forest access restores foraging and ranging behavior in captive sifakas
Authors: Greene Lydia K. , Andriambeloson Jean‐Basile , Blanco Marina B. , Ehmke Erin E.
Published: October 2022

Captive wildlife benefit from ecologically informed management strategies that promote natural behaviors. The Duke Lemur Center has pioneered husbandry programs rooted in species' ecology for a diversity of lemurs, including housing social groups in multiacre forest enclosures. We systematically document the foraging and ranging patterns of Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) living in these forest enclosures. Coquerel's sifakas are seasonal frugo‐folivores that exhibit striking feeding flexibility in the wild. They are also one of the few members of the Indriidae family to persist in captivity. During all‐day follows in the spring and summer of 2 consecutive years, we tracked the behavior of 14 sifakas in six forest enclosures. The sifakas' ranging and foraging patterns reflected those of wild sifakas in western Madagascar: On average, DLC sifakas occupied 3‐day home ranges of 1.2 ha, traveled 473 m/day, and spent 26% of their time foraging for wild foodstuffs. The sifakas foraged most for young and mature leaves, fruits, nuts, and flowers from 39 plant species, especially red maple (Acer rubrum), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), grapevine (Vitis rotundifolia), hickory (Carya spp.), and white oak (Quercus alba). Foraging patterns varied across seasons, enclosure areas, and groups, potentially reflecting differences in phenology, microhabitats, and individual preferences. While demonstrating that captive‐bred primates express wild‐like behaviors under ecologically relevant conditions, our results underscore the feeding flexibility of the Coquerel's sifaka. Captive wildlife exhibiting the range of species‐specific behaviors are key resources for ecological research and might be best suited for future reintroductions.
The Beetles (Coleoptera) of Príncipe, São Tomé and Annobón
Authors: Nève Gabriel , Bonneau Patrick , Coache Alain , Serrano Artur , Filippi Gérard
Published: October 2022

The known beetle fauna of Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón amounts to 403 species and subspecies, of which 190 (47%) are endemic. The most diverse families of beetles are the Cerambycidae (61 species), the Tenebrionidae (57 species), the Carabidae (45 species), the Scarabaeidae (34 species), and the Coccinellidae (31 species). Most records come from São Tomé, with 297 species. In comparison, Príncipe, with 151 recorded species, and especially Annobón, with 16 recorded species, still require extensive faunistic investigations. The families Staphylinidae and Curculionidae probably hold numerous undescribed species and should be the focus of future research. Most of the endemic species live in forests. Therefore, the continued conservation of large forest areas on the islands is key to the long-term survival of their unique beetle fauna. As elsewhere, the beetle fauna will likely suffer from the effects of climatic change, and high-altitude species are likely to be the most severely affected.
Terrestrial Mollusca of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Panisi Martina , de Lima Ricardo F. , Lima Jezreel do C. , dos Santos Yodiney , Sinclair Frazer , Tavares Leonor , Holyoak David T.
Published: October 2022

The oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea are known for their remarkable endemic species richness, and the terrestrial Mollusca group is particularly distinctive. This chapter summarizes the exploration and diversity of this group, discussing biogeography, evolution, ecology, and conservation to identify persisting knowledge gaps. Terrestrial malacological studies in the Gulf of Guinea islands started at the end of the eighteenth century but have been intermittent. Recent systematic surveys have continued to find novelties, and the most recent revision lists 96 species, of which 62 are endemic: Príncipe has 40 terrestrial (60% single-island endemic) and five seashore species, São Tomé has 52 terrestrial (50% single-island endemic) and seven seashore species, Annobón has 14 terrestrial species (50% single-island endemic), 3 species are endemic to Príncipe and São Tomé, and 2 are endemic to the three islands. The islands were colonized by diverse “clades” arriving from continental Africa, which is consistent with biogeographical patterns from other taxonomic groups. However, in line with Mollusca dispersal limitations, inter-island colonization seems to be less frequent, while there are multiple cases of speciation within the same island. The land snail assemblage on São Tomé seems to be strongly structured by land-use type: endemics being associated mostly with forest and non-endemics to anthropogenically modified environments. Only 13 species have been recorded across the altitudinal range of São Tomé, suggesting altitude is also essential to determining species distribution. Habitat loss and introduced species are important threats, but so far, only the endemicArchachatina bicarinatahas been listed as threatened. Despite recent progress, further studies are still needed to better understand this unique fauna and inform conservation strategies.
The Terrestrial Reptiles of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Ceríaco Luis M. P. , Marques Mariana P. , Bell Rayna C. , Bauer Aaron M.
Published: October 2022

This chapter reviews current knowledge on the diversity of terrestrial reptiles in the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands and provides a brief history of research on this group of animals. A total of 29 species of terrestrial reptiles (representing 14 genera and seven families) are resident on the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands, of which 22 species are endemic. Taxonomic work on these animals began in the second half of the nineteenth century, with more recent updates following the advent of molecular techniques and more comprehensive sampling. Although nearly complete, the taxonomic inventory of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic island terrestrial reptiles is still ongoing, and further studies on the natural history, ecology, and conservation of these animals are urgently needed.
Physical Geography of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Ceríaco Luis M. P. , Santos Bruna S. , de Lima Ricardo F. , Bell Rayna C. , Norder Sietze J. , Melo Martim
Published: October 2022

The Gulf of Guinea, in the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, has three oceanic islands that arose as part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line. From northeast to southwest these are Príncipe (139 km2), São Tomé (857 km2), and Annobón (17 km2). Although relatively close to the adjacent mainland, the islands have distinct climactic and geomorphologic characteristics, and have remained isolated throughout their geological history. Consequently, they have developed a unique biodiversity, rich in endemic species. We provide an integrated overview of the physical setting of the islands, including their geographic location, geological origin, topography, geology and soils, climate zones, and prevailing wind and ocean currents—key features that underlie the evolution of their biodiversity.
The Avifauna of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Melo Martim , Jones Peter J. , de Lima Ricardo F.
Published: October 2022

Although birds have always been one of the best-known taxa on the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands, our understanding of their ecology and evolution has increased substantially in the last two decades. Intensive field-based surveys have allowed the first detailed island-wide distribution maps for most species and a much better grasp of habitat associations, highlighting the importance of native forests for many of the endemic birds. Molecular data have provided important insights into evolutionary history, leading to an extensive revision of the taxonomy of the islands’ endemic avifauna. Most speciation events are much more recent than the age of the islands, indicating a high species turn-over that is likely explained by the islands’ history of intense volcanic activity and their moderate distances to the mainland. These islands have the highest accumulation of endemic bird species for small oceanic islands: at least 29 endemic species occur in three islands with a total area of just over 1000 km2. This may be explained by their particular geographic location: offshore from a species-rich continent at distances that allowed the colonization and evolution in isolation of many distinct lineages. All these contributions are now being used to ensure bird conservation, through updated species conservation status and species action plans for the most threatened species, and also to promote the conservation of the native forests on which most of the endemic birds depend.
Territory, Economy, and Demographic Growth in São Tomé and Príncipe: Anthropogenic Changes in Environment
Authors: Muñoz-Torrent Xavier , da Trindade Ngouabi Tiny , Mikulane Signe
Published: October 2022

Nearly five centuries of human presence on the islands of the Gulf of Guinea have considerably marked the landscape with the replacement of natural habitats by roças (plantations) and other settlements, the introduction of numerous exotic plant and animal species, and the exploitation of resources needed for urban construction and daily life of the growing human population. Exponential population growth and, consequently, the urban sprawl are resulting in deforestation, illegal beach sand mining, exhaustion of natural resources, expansion of non-endemic species, and extermination of the endemic ones, thus causing immense resource exploitation and rapid environmental deterioration. The absence of an effective territorial planning amplifies the island’s vulnerability and increases the fragility of the ecosystems, posing clear threats to the islands’ unique biodiversity.