bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Impervious Surface Connectivity and Applications for Watershed Management1
Authors: Roy Allison H. , Shuster William D.
Published: December 2008

Abstract:  Although total impervious area (TIA) is often used as an indicator of urban disturbance, recent studies suggest that the subset of impervious surfaces that route stormwater runoff directly to streams via stormwater pipes, called directly connected impervious area (DCIA), may be a better predictor of stream ecosystem alteration. We evaluated the differences between TIA and DCIA in the Shepherd Creek catchment, a small (1.85‐km2), suburban basin in Cincinnati, Ohio. Imperviousness determinations were calculated based on publicly available geographic information system (GIS) data and parcel‐scale field assessments, and these direct assessments were compared to DCIA calculated from published, empirical relationships. Impervious and semi‐impervious area comprised 13.1% of the catchment area, with 56.3% of the impervious area connected. When summarized by subcatchments (0.26‐1.85 km2), TIA measured in the field (11‐23%) was considerably higher than that calculated from the National Land Cover Data Imperviousness Layer (7‐18%). In contrast, TIA calculated based on aerial photos was similar to TIA calculated from field assessments, thus indicating that photo interpretation may be adequate for catchment‐scale (>25 ha) TIA determinations. While these GIS data sources can be used to calculate TIA, on‐site assessments were necessary to accurately determine DCIA within residential parcels. There was a wide variation in percent connectivity across parcels, and, subsequently, DCIA was not accurately predicted from empirical relationships with TIA. We discuss applications of DCIA data that highlight the importance of parcel‐scale field assessments for managing suburban watersheds.
Nonphysiological anaemia of prematurity.
Authors: Wardrop C A , Holland B M , Veale K E , Jones J G , Gray O P
Published: December 2008

Clinical and haematological findings at the nadir of the refractory, early anaemia of prematurity were compared in a study of 95 preterm infants. 53% of 30 babies less than 32 weeks' gestational age at birth had abnormal clinical features resulting from anaemia at its nadir, with a combination of tachycardia, tachypnoea, dyspnoea and feeding difficulties, diminished activity, and pallor. The expression 'available oxygen', derived from the Hb concentration and Hb-O2 affinity, correlated more closely with clinical features of anaemia that did the Hb concentration alone. A formula is presented that predicts the 'available oxygen', provided the Hb concentration and post-conceptual age are known; this avoids the need for direct measurement of Hb-O2 affinity. Clinical anaemia is common in preterm infants with Hb concentrations of up to 10.5 g/dl, consequent on the high O2 affinity of fetal Hb. This is the first description of any common clinical consequence of high Hb-O2 affinity.
Adenoidectomy: an evaluation of the indications.
Authors: Hibbert J , Stell P
Published: December 2008

A group of 76 children who had been listed for adenoidectomy was investigated by scoring the symptoms and signs usually attributed to adenoidal hypertrophy, and removing the adenoids and weighing them. With the possible exception of snoring there was no correlation between the size of the adenoids and the symptoms usually attributed to hypertrophy of this organ. We wish to acknowledge our gratitude to those consultants who allowed us access to their patients, to Dr Ian McDicken, Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool who did the histological examination, and to Mrs P. O'Brien who did the typing.
A case of paragonimiasis.
Authors: Demetriou A , Phillips B M , Hendrickse R G
Published: December 2008

A 2 1/2-year-old girl recently arrived from eastern Nigeria presented with a soft tissue swelling of the infraclavicular region. Subsequent investigation revealed a cavity in the left lung associated with a small pleural effusion and leucocytosis with pronounced eosinophilia. Clinical and serological findings were compatible with the diagnosis of paragonimiasis. After a course of Bitin-S the chest x-ray returned to normal, the soft tissue changes disappeared, and the eosinophil count fell.
Clinical impact of enhanced diagnosis of invasive fungal disease in high-risk haematology and stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Barnes R A , White P L , Bygrave C , Evans N , Healy B , Kell J
Published: December 2008

Aims:

To investigate the impact of routine use of biomarkers for diagnosing fungal infection within a care pathway on antifungal usage and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

A cohort of high-risk haematology and stem cell transplant patients was entered into a neutropenic care pathway in which targeted diagnostic testing replaced empiric antifungal treatment. Patients were screened twice a week by PCR and antigen testing during fever or when chronic graft versus host disease was present and were followed-up for a minimum of 1 year.

Results:

No excess morbidity or mortality was seen in patients in whom empiric antifungal treatment was withheld, and there were substantial savings in antifungal drug expenditure.

Conclusions:

The introduction of a comprehensive diagnostic surveillance strategy to exclude invasive fungal infection in high-risk patients with haematological malignancy and those undergoing transplantation can result in improvements in clinical management. There are also potential additional benefits of improved patient survival, decreased morbidity and decreased hospital stay.
Neonatal haemoglobinopathy screening in Spain
Authors: Mañú Pereira M , Corrons J-L Vives
Published: December 2008

The prevalence of variant haemoglobins in Spain is increasing as a result of recent African immigration. Of the 19 regions of Spain, 13 have more than 1% of residents of African origin or ethnicity. Haemoglobinopathy prevalence is heterogeneous. Some cases of sickle cell disease (SCD) and sickle cell trait have been found in autochthonous individuals, but this is very rare. Most of the studies of SCD prevalence in Spain are incomplete or focused on a few geographical regions. When screening has been carried out regardless of ethnic origin, overall haemoglobinopathy prevalence has varied from 0.14% to 0.94% and the estimated prevalence of SCD has varied from 0.001 (in Extremadura) to 0.03 (in Aragón). A registry for SCD maintained by the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology shows that in the last 4 years the prevalence of SCD has increased threefold. Only two Spanish Communities (Extremadura and Madrid) are running an official neonatal screening programme for SCD. Other Spanish Communities have finished local pilot studies and are expected to establish neonatal screening programmes shortly. Catalonia, the Spanish community with the highest African immigration flow and SCD genetic impact, has not yet established an official programme for SCD neonatal screening; screening currently depends on individual hospital policies and is restricted to at-risk ethnic groups. Studies performed so far suggest that universal screening should be recommended for regions with a high annual birth rate and SCD prevalence (Catalonia and Madrid, for example), with a targeted policy being restricted to regions with low annual birth rate and SCD prevalence.
Design of a VLSI Decoder for Partially Structured LDPC Codes
Authors: Vacca Fabrizio , Dinoi Libero , Masera Guido
Published: December 2008

The starting point of this work is the development of a new class of partially structured LDPC codes, very well suited for hardware implementation. Specifically these codes are built so that the edges of their parity matrix can be partitioned into two disjoint sets, namely, the structured and the random ones. For the proposed class of codes a constructive design method is provided. To assess the value of this method the constructed codes performance are presented. From these results, a novel decoding method called split decoding is introduced. Finally, to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach a whole VLSI decoder is designed and characterized.
Flexibility of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Phototaxis Transducer II from Natronomonas pharaonis
Authors: Budyak Ivan L. , Mironova Olga S. , Yanamala Naveena , Manoharan Vijayalaxmi , Büldt Georg , Schlesinger Ramona , Klein-Seetharaman Judith
Published: December 2008

Chemo- and phototaxis systems in bacteria and archaea serve as models for more complex signal transduction mechanisms in higher eukaryotes. Previous studies of the cytoplasmic fragment of the phototaxis transducer (pHtrII-cyt) from the halophilic archaeon Natronomonas pharaonis showed that it takes the shape of a monomeric or dimeric rod under low or high salt conditions, respectively. CD spectra revealed only approximately 24% helical structure, even in 4 M KCl, leaving it an open question how the rod-like shape is achieved. Here, we conducted CD, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopic studies under different conditions to address this question. We provide evidence that pHtrII-cyt is highly dynamic with strong helical propensity, which allows it to change from monomeric to dimeric helical coiled-coil states without undergoing dramatic shape changes. A statistical analysis of predicted disorder for homologous sequences suggests that structural flexibility is evolutionarily conserved within the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein family.
A Robust and Low‐Complexity Gas Recognition Technique for On‐Chip Tin‐Oxide Gas Sensor Array
Authors: Flitti Farid , Far Aicha , Guo Bin , Bermak Amine
Published: December 2008

Gas recognition is a new emerging research area with many civil, military, and industrial applications. The success
of any gas recognition system depends on its computational
complexity and its robustness. In this work, we propose a
new low‐complexity recognition method which is tested and
successfully validated for tin‐oxide gas sensor array chip. The
recognition system is based on a vector angle similarity measure
between the query gas and the representatives of the different gas
classes. The latter are obtained using a clustering algorithm based
on the same measure within the training data set. Experimented results on our in‐house gas sensors array show more than 98%
of correct recognition. The robustness of the proposed method
is tested by recognizing gas measurements with simulated drift.
Less than 1% of performance degradation is noted at the worst case
scenario which represents a significant improvement when
compared to the current state‐of‐the‐art.
Improved Recovery of Exfoliated Colonocytes from Feces Using Newly Developed Immunomagnetic Beads
Authors: Koga Yoshikatsu , Yasunaga Masahiro , Katayose Satoshi , Moriya Yoshihiro , Akasu Takayuki , Fujita Shin , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Baba Hideo , Matsumura Yasuhiro
Published: December 2008

We demonstrated the feasibility of a new methodology for isolating colonocytes from feces. To reduce costs and improve the recovery rate of colonocytes from feces, we attempted to develop new immunomagnetic beads. Several sizes of magnetic beads were prepared and tagged with a monoclonal antibody against EpCAM. We made several new monoclonal antibodies against EpCAM, and each monoclonal antibody was tagged to the magnetic beads. In the simulation, the most efficient recovery of HT-29 cells was obtained using the smallest size of beads. Also, beads tagged with a monoclonal antibody with a higher affinity against EpCAM had a higher recovery rate. Similar results were obtained when the smallest size of beads with the highest-affinity monoclonal antibody was applied to clinical samples. The newly developed immunomagnetic beads may be useful for isolating colorectal cancer cells from feces, enabling the cytological or molecular biological diagnosis of CRC.
Resolution of First‐ and Second‐Order Linear Differential Equations with Periodic Inputs by a Computer Algebra System
Authors: Legua M. , Morales I. , Sánchez Ruiz L. M.
Published: December 2008

In signal processing, a pulse means a rapid change in the amplitude
of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a
rapid return to the baseline value. A square wave function may be viewed
as a pulse that repeats its occurrence periodically but the return to the
baseline value takes some time to happen. When these periodic functions
act as inputs in dynamic systems, the standard tool commonly used to
solve the associated initial value problem (IVP) is Laplace transform and
its inverse. We show how a computer algebra system may
also provide the solution of these IVP straight forwardly by adequately
introducing the periodic input.
Evolving the Convergence of Telecommunication and TV Services over NGN
Authors: Al-Hezmi Adel , Magedanz Thomas , Jaen Pallares Jordi , Riede Christian
Published: December 2008

The convergence of telecommunication, cable TV, and broadcast networks towards the Internet technology will enable the provision of emerging multimedia services as well as the integration of rich communication capabilities with TV services. However, enabling efficient delivery of interactive personalized multimedia services with mobility support requires an advanced overlay control framework. The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) offers the basic functions to manage multimedia sessions over different access networks. This paper outlines current standardization activities that address the provisioning of TV services over IP networks—known as IPTV—and proposes a novel end-to-end overall architecture based on IMS that enables the delivery of converged multimedia services. Furthermore, the paper presents the FOKUS Media Interoperability Lab as a reference implementation of this framework which covers a widespread spectrum of converged interactive scenarios. The final section gives an impression of the system performance by providing the end-to-end signaling delay of a session setup for live TV service delivered over unicast transmission mode.
Visualization of Online‐Game Players Based on Their Action Behaviors
Authors: Thawonmas Ruck , Iizuka Keita
Published: December 2008

We propose a visualization approach for analyzing
players′ action behaviors. The proposed approach
consists of two visualization techniques: classical
multidimensional scaling (CMDS) and KeyGraph.
CMDS is for discovering clusters of players who behave
similarly. KeyGraph is for interpreting action
behaviors of players in a cluster of interest. In order
to reduce the dimension of matrices used in computation
of the CMDS input, we exploit a time‐series reduction
technique recently proposed by us. Our visualization
approach is evaluated using log of an online
game where three‐player types according to Bartle′s
taxonomy are found, that is, achievers, explorers, and socializers.
Cognitive Impairment and Seizures in Patients with Lacunar Strokes
Authors: De Reuck J. , Van Maele G.
Published: December 2008

Background: Lacunar infarcts and white matter changes have been linked to cognitive impairment. Patients with lacunar strokes can also develop seizures, although the relationship between the two remains unclear. The present study investigates whether seizures in patients with lacunar infarcts are related to the strokes or to an underlying neurodegenerative disorder leading to cognitive impairment. Methods: The demographic features, vascular risk factors and scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission for the stroke and on the modified Rankin scale on discharge, as well as on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were determined in patients with a lacunar stroke. They were compared between 44 patients with and 248 without subsequent seizures. Results: Patients with seizures had a lower main NIHSS score (p = 0.00133) and a more severe MMSE score (p < 0.001). They remained significantly more dependent (p = 0.019) after hospital discharge. Smoking, as a vascular risk factor, appeared to occur less frequently in seizure patients (p = 0.039). On logistic regression analysis, only NIHSS and MMSE scores remained independent variables. Conclusions: Seizure occurrence in patients with a lacunar infarct is not related to the severity of the stroke but rather to the degree of cognitive impairment. The present study suggests that the seizures are not due to lacunar infarcts but are more probably the expression of an underlying neurodegenerative process that is also responsible for the mental deterioration.
The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides at the Ocular Surface
Authors: McDermott Alison M.
Published: December 2008

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as defensins and cathelicidins are small peptides with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition, several AMPs modulate mammalian cell behaviours including migration, proliferation and cytokine production. This review describes findings from recent studies showing the presence of various AMPs at the human ocular surface and discusses their mechanism of antimicrobial action and potential non-microbicidal roles. Corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells produce β-defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37, whereas neutrophils, infiltrating in response to a specific stimulus, supply additional LL-37 as well as α-defensins. In vitro studies suggest that LL-37 and human β-defensin-3 are the most likely to have significant independent antimicrobial activity, while other AMPs may act synergistically to help protect the ocular surface from invading pathogens. Current evidence also supports a role for some AMPs in modulating wound healing responses. Although yet to be brought to fruition, AMPs hold significant potential as therapeutic agents for the prophylaxis and treatment of infection, promotion of wound healing and immune modulation.
Correlation of Cell Cycle Kinetics with p63 Expression in Human Limbal Epithelial Cells Expanded on Intact Human Amniotic Membrane
Authors: Hernandez Galindo Elias E. , Theiss Carsten , Pauklin Mikk , Wettey Frank R. , Steuhl Klaus-P. , Meller Daniel
Published: December 2008

Aim: To analyse the correlation of p63 expression and cell cycle kinetics of human limbal epithelial cells (HLECs) expanded on amniotic membrane (AM) or plastic. Methods: Primary HLECs were cultured either on cryopreserved intact AM or plastic dishes for 2 weeks. Cells were labelled with 5 μM 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for 3 days, followed by an interval of either 7 or 14 days in BrdU-free medium. The expression of p63 and BrdU labelling was detected by immunocytochemistry. Results: More cells on AM (56%) than on plastic (24%) retained their BrdU label after the 7-day interval (p < 0.001). The difference was even more pronounced after 14 days (20 and 2%, p < 0.001). All BrdU-labelled cells were also p63 positive. 2.5-fold more cells on AM (54%) than on plastic (21%) were BrdU positive/p63 positive after 7 days (p < 0.001). It increased to a 9-fold difference after 14 days (p < 0.001). The BrdU label was lost more quickly than the p63 expression during the observation period, indicating that p63 expression was not confined to stem cells but existed also in transient amplifying cells. Conclusions: The combination of p63 expression and BrdU label retention is a better criterion to characterize stemness than either marker alone. AM as a culture substrate preserves stemness better than plastic.
Potential Use of Riboflavin/UVA Cross-Linking in Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Wollensak Gregor , Aurich Henning , Wirbelauer Christopher , Pham Duy-Thoai
Published: December 2008

Background: Collagen cross-linking of the cornea has been shown by us to have an antiedematous effect in the cornea. The aim of the present study was to examine if this effect can be used for the treatment of bullous keratopathy. Methods: This clinical interventional case series included 3 patients (3 eyes) with bullous keratopathy due to pseudophakia, corneal transplant rejection, and Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy. After dehydration for 1 day using 40% glucose, the central 8 mm of the cornea were abraded and cross-linked with the photosensitizer riboflavin and UVA (370 nm, 3 mW/cm2) for 30 min. Optical coherence tomography pachymetry measurements of the central cornea were performed at various time intervals. Results: Corneal thickness was reduced by 90.33 ± 17.04 μm on average 3 days after cross-linking and by 93.67 ± 14.22 μm after 8 months. The bullous changes of the epithelium were markedly improved, resulting in loss of pain and discomfort. Visual acuity was significantly improved in the case without prior stromal scarring. Conclusions: Cross-linking might become another useful tool in the treatment of bullous keratopathy. It is primarily suited for patients with pain symptoms, restricted visual prognosis or to extend the time interval for an upcoming corneal transplantation.
Alterations in RCAS1 Serum Concentration Levels during Menstrual Cycle in Patients with Uterine Leiomyoma and Lack of Analogical Changes in Adenomyosis
Authors: Wicherek Lukasz
Published: December 2008

Introduction: The selective suppression phenomenon of the cytotoxic immune response occurs in the endometrium at the beginning of decidualization. This process seems to be associated with an increase in the endometrial expression of proteins such as RCAS1 that are involved in the suppression of immune cell activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate alterations in the RCAS1 blood serum concentration levels in women with uterine leiomyoma over the course of the different menstrual cycle phases and to compare these levels with those found in patients suffering from adenomyosis. Material and Methods: The sRCAS1 blood serum concentration level was determined for 87 patients, including 38 patients with both adenomyosis and uterine leiomyoma, and 49 suffering from leiomyomatosis alone. Results: Fluctuations in sRCAS1 blood serum concentration levels correlating with the menstrual cycle phases were demonstrated in patients suffering from uterine leiomyoma alone. The highest level of sRCAS1 concentration was found during the secretory cycle phase and the lowest during the proliferative cycle phase. However, no such fluctuations correlating with menstrual cycle phases were observed in patients suffering from both adenomyosis and leiomyoma. In fact, the level of sRCAS1 blood serum concentration in patients with adenomyosis remained almost constant. Patients with adenomyosis and leiomyoma were characterized by statistically significantly higher blood serum sRCAS1 levels during the proliferative cycle phase in comparison with the sRCAS1 blood serum levels in patients with leiomyoma alone. Conclusion:The lack of alterations in the sRCAS1 blood serum concentration levels observed in patients with adenomyosis may favor the development of the condition.
Power-Law and Long-Memory Characteristics of the Atmospheric General Circulation
Authors: Vyushin Dmitry I. , Kushner Paul J.
Published: December 2008

The question of which statistical model best describes internal climate variability on interannual and longer time scales is essential to the ability to predict such variables and detect periodicities and trends in them. For over 30 yr the dominant model for background climate variability has been the autoregressive model of the first order (AR1). However, recent research has shown that some aspects of climate variability are best described by a “long memory” or “power-law” model. Such a model fits a temporal spectrum to a single power-law function, which thereby accumulates more power at lower frequencies than an AR1 fit. In this study, several power-law model estimators are applied to global temperature data from reanalysis products. The methods employed (the detrended fluctuation analysis, Geweke–Porter-Hudak estimator, Gaussian semiparametric estimator, and multitapered versions of the last two) agree well for pure power-law stochastic processes. However, for the observed temperature record, the power-law fits are sensitive to the choice of frequency range and the intrinsic filtering properties of the methods. The observational results converge once frequency ranges are made consistent and the lowest frequencies are included, and once several climate signals have been filtered. Two robust results emerge from the analysis: first, that the tropical circulation features relatively large power-law exponents that connect to the zonal-mean extratropical circulation; and second, that the subtropical lower stratosphere exhibits power-law behavior that is volcanically forced.
'The Ghosts of Menin Gate': Art, Architecture and Commemoration
Authors: Stephens John
Published: December 2008

Straddling the Meensestraat through the old ramparts of Ypres in Belgium is the Menin Gate. Designed by the architect Reginald Blomfield in 1922, this building commemorates the 56,000 British Empire missing from the battles of the Ypres Salient during the first world war. This solemn memorial has significance and commemorative meaning to relatives of those whose names appeared on the structure. Responding to an eerie vision at the Gate in 1927, the Australian artist and soldier William Longstaff painted his allegorical work Menin Gate at Midnight , showing it as an ethereal structure in a brooding landscape populated with countless ghostly soldiers. The painting was an instant success and was reverentially exhibited at all Australian capital cities. This article contends that both gate and painting — in diverse and complementary ways — attempt to come to terms with the idea of the missing as a special class of soldier death and to create particular sites of memory for those who had no physical remains over which to grieve.
'Interwar Pro-Empire Propaganda and European Colonial Culture: Toward a Comparative Research Agenda'
Authors: Stanard Matthew G.
Published: December 2008

Histories of colonial culture in Europe have been narrowly focused, whereas comparative and transnational studies can provide more fruitful results. By resisting the traditional approach to imperialistic culture, which focuses on individual nation-states and their empires, one can examine common themes and practices across Western Europe, for instance during the interwar period. During that time, states, pro-empire interest groups, and others repeatedly portrayed empires as singular, unified entities as well as realms of untold fortunes, even when in most instances they were neither. Reinforcing these themes were a number of near-universal practices, including the holding of so-called `colonial days' and the creation of ethnographic exhibits of colonial subjects, often at international expositions. An examination of pro-empire propaganda between the wars demonstrates that European states with overseas colonies in the twentieth century did not develop distinct colonial cultures; rather, they shared a number of common premises and performances. This suggests the coming into being of a broader European colonial culture and the need for comparative and transnational studies in this field. The states included in this analysis are Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Portugal, and the Netherlands.
Diverging Paths: Nazism, the National Civic Federation, and American Anticommunism, 1933—9
Authors: Goodall Alex
Published: December 2008

This article examines the development of anticommunism in the United States in the Depression years. It argues that the rise of nazism on the international stage had profound repercussions for domestic anticommunist groups in the United States, forcing them into making strategic decisions about the content of their own ideology. By closely associating anticommunism with fascism, the spectre of nazism damaged those anticommunist groups such as the National Civic Federation (NCF) that sought to stress the nationalist origins of their politics. This in turn produced splits and realignments in the anticommunist community, but in time led to the emergence of a new kind of anticommunist rhetoric that — instead of being damaged by associations with fascism — legitimated itself within a broader framework of anti-totalitarianism.
The Sino-Indian War of 1962 in Anglo-American Relations
Authors: Devereux David R.
Published: December 2008

China's attack on India in 1962 came at a time of high tension in the Cold War, and its objective was not immediately clear. The crisis provided an opportunity for Britain and the US to support India against China and possibly to woo that country towards the western powers. The brevity of the war and the apparently limited Chinese aims did not alter the status quo. However, the crisis demonstrated an Anglo-American willingness to co-operate on South Asian defense policy, although the two tended to differ in their perceptions of the Chinese threat to India.
Classroom Management of Children with Learning Difficulties
Authors: Doll Edgar A.
Published: December 2008

Everyday more and more teachers in the public school classrooms are facing the problems of classroom management, as well as education of children with learning disabilities. The teachers are lost in a maze of techniques, terminology, parental and professional pressures to do what is right for the children. Dr. Doll not only has empathy for the classroom teacher, but he also is obviously sympathetic to their burden.—C. C. E.
Reading Expectancy from Disabled Learners
Authors: McLeod John
Published: December 2008

This paper examines the common practice of fixing reading expectancy targets for children with learning disabilities, on the basis of I.Q. Logical, theoretical and empirical evidence is adduced to indicate that the practice is open to considerable criticism. Thorough diagnosis ought to lead to valid short range forecasting. The validity of longrange expectancy of disabled readers' response to remediation programmes depends, in part, on questions which research has not yet fully answered.
Language Training
Authors: Frostig Marianne , Maslow Phyllis
Published: December 2008

Lags, or a slowing of the different stages of development, have proven major factors in learning disabilities. Aiding the maturing process necessitates a finely tuned and delicately balanced program wherein everyone—child, teacher, doctor, psychologist and parent—arrive at the same point at the right time. Frostig and Maslow give us an evaluation of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, how ITPA correlates to the Frostig Program for the Development of Visual Perception, and concrete conclusions regarding language training for children—all within the framework of a developmental point of view.—C.C.E.
Learning Disorders
Authors: Wunderlich Ray C.
Published: December 2008

Parents need to know what a “learning disability’ is when their child is thus categorized; they need to know what can be done, academically, to remediate the problem; then, they need to learn how the problem affects their child, in the home, social and academic environments. Dr. Wunderlich tells us of the foundation stones which must first be set down—then how a child can build a pathway to achievement with these stones.—C.C.E.
A Plan for Teaching Pupils with Severe Reading Disability
Authors: Bookbinder Kathryn F. , Flierl Nina T.
Published: December 2008

Most teachers are constantly seeking experiential knowledge from other professionals who are engaged in teaching those children who are unable to learn in a regular classroom. The main reason for this search is that these children are not candidates for Special Education and, must be taught "differently" and yet within the curricular framework of their classrooms. This article reports how one school system went about helping its "poor readers."-C.C.E.
Familial Characteristics of Genetic Dyslexia
Authors: McGlannan Frances K.
Published: December 2008

The statistical data set forth in this report may be an invaluable contribution to the field of learning disabilities-especially to geneticists. The population sample and data collection procedures used for this study seem to have been well controlled. The concept of a homogeneous, three generation search for significant familial characteristics and disorders is an approach to the hereditary aspects of some forms of learning disabilities which would bear watching.—C. C. E.
Subtle Enigma
Authors: Burns Phyllis
Published: December 2008

Mrs. Burns is what professionals might refer to as a ‘knowledgeable layman’. One discovers after reading about her son Danny, that, for her, this was not true in the past. It is evident she herself has spent as much time being educated as Danny has in being educated.—C.C.E.
An Auditory Language Quantum
Authors: Ranney J. Buckminster , Moore Mary Virginia
Published: December 2008

A major learning disability is a failure or breakdown in the process of audition. An auditory language quantum is reported to provide a basis for assessment of an auditory learning disability. A seven point scale of sensitivity, discrimination, perception, processing, pattern making, retention and conceptualization is presented as the measuring instrument.
A Speech Pathologist Looks at Learning Disabilities
Authors: Pannbacker Mary
Published: December 2008

This paper presents a discussion of the current professional disagreements related to learning disabilities, the role and scope of speech pathology in the assessment and remediation of learning disabilities, and a review of the literature regarding the terminolgy of learning disabilities. Miss Pannbacker's chart of the nomenclature used in the field of learning disabilities giving term, author and date of publication is a valuable contribution which gives us a clear and concise overview of the literature.—C. C. E.
Left-Handedness
Authors: Enstrom E. A.
Published: December 2008

The left-handed child or adult lives in a right-handed world. The entire structure of our society assumes right-handedness and by assumption we punish. When a left-handed person writes, his very posture looks awkward and oftentimes will make a watcher uncomfortable. The writing product of a left-handed person is sometimes totally illegible to the right-handed person. One wonders what would occur if we had two distinct methods for teaching writing—a technique for the right-handed and a technique for the left-handed. The following is a technique for the left-handed.—C.C.E.
Strictly for Teachers
Authors: Stephen Patricia
Published: December 2008

When one teacher experiences success with a particular teaching technique, other teachers will look on with interest. In this case a disabled reader is considerably helped with his reading by typing. More and more evidence appears that typing used as a remedial method for certain forms of reading disabilities is well worth the effort.—C.C.E.
The Information Processing Behaviors Associated with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Sabatino David A.
Published: December 2008

So often in discussing the etiology of one learning disability over another, we tend to group their academic purposes by the overall gross symptomology. This is especially true with regard to language and perceptual disabilities. However, more and more evidence is going into the clinical literature that clearly indicates that a learning disability may have a multi-dimensional etiology---rather like a colored mosaic wherein the primary colors remain the same but each child's learning problem is put together with subtly different patterns and color shadings. As the author states “children with learning disability do, indeed, represent a heterogeneous population.”---C.C.E.
Ophthalmology, Optometry, and Learning Difficulties
Authors: Rosner Stanley
Published: December 2008

The question of delineation between the role that ophthalmology and optometry must play in the field of learning disabilities is a sensitive struggle for identity. But then, interdisciplinary differences have long been the blight, and the plight, of learning disabilities.---C.C.E.
Once There Was a Child! The State of the Neurological Condition
Authors: Barron Jules
Published: December 2008

The diagnosis, remediation and social adjustment of children who suffer with a neurological impairment, to any degree, is not only a multi-disciplinary problem, but also necessitates community understanding and sensitive support.

There is no question that many communities still suffer from a “cultural lag” with regard to this much needed enlightment. It is equally true that we have come a long way from that point in history when a N.I. child was sentenced for life to the attic. At first glance it seems we have come a long way---but have we really?---C.C.E.
Orientation Apparatus for Human Subjects
Authors: Oppenheimer Jess
Published: December 2008

A golfer steps up to the tee, swings easily and effortlessly, and the ball streaks forward in a graceful curving arc, coming to rest two hundred and fifty yards away in the middle of the fairway. A second golfer steps up, puts down a ball, swings with gargantuan effort, falls off balance and stumbles backward, grabbing his aching back, as the ball streaks sideways in a horrible banana-shaped arc, coming to rest a hundred yards away in another fairway. The second man simply cannot understand how the first one does it. The duffer studies, takes lessons, pores over pictures, struggles painfully to get his body into the same position the other man assumes, and yet the ball will not go where he wants it. The name of the difference between these two men is talent.
Specific Reading Disability and Other Specific Disabilities
Authors: Quadfasel F. A. , Goodglass H
Published: December 2008

The Journal invites its readers to comment on the formulas presented by the authors.—C.C.E.
Memory Span and Language Proficiency
Authors: Graham N. C.
Published: December 2008

The input, integration and output of learned material is education. Language, in its written and oral form, depends to a great degree upon memory span and use proficiency—C.C.E.
Deficit in Space Concepts Associated with Visual Deprivation
Authors: Hartlage Lawrence C.
Published: December 2008

A deficit in space concepts associated with visual deprivation was measured by a spatial relationship test, comparing children blind from birth with matched sighted counterparts. Significant differences were found between blind and sighted groups on spatial relationships, but not on other baseline measures. The findings suggested that the development of spatial abilities is dependent on visual experience.
Strictly for Parents
Authors: Luszki Walter A.
Published: December 2008

In the language of learning disabilities any discussion of brain-damage is usually preceeded by the term minimal. Reality, however, tells us that there are those children who suffer moderate to severe brain-damage. Only one word testifying degree separates each from the other. It is to the parents of these children that Dr. Luszki addresses himself.—C.C.E.
Dyslexia and Handwriting
Authors: Hearns Rudolph S.
Published: December 2008

Handwriting is a spatial-temporal activity. It represents a fixed expression of space and motion. Like hypnotism, graphology is being removed from the parlor and included in the professional's kit as a psychodiagnostic tool. Little research in this area has been done in the United States although it has received a great deal of attention in Europe. This paper explores the possibility that certain deviations from norm may indicate the presence of dyslexia.
A Longitudinal Study of Children with Learning Disabilities Subsequent to Hospitalization for Viral Encephalitis Part I
Authors: Sabatino David A , Cramblatt Henry
Published: December 2008

Learning disability has a multi-dimensional etiological base which complicates understanding of the relationship between the symptoms, such as academic underachievement, and the information processing behaviors related to human learning. Part I of this study has attempted to start with a known etiology, California Encephalitis Virus, which may possibly result in a known pathology, neurological insult, and relate the post-illness behavioral sequelae to academic achievement (underachievement) over a three year longitudinal basis. Part II will relate the specific aspects of the illness to individual behavioral and academic underachievement patterns of learning.
Achievement Versus Failure
Authors: Money John , Brennan John G
Published: December 2008

Seven female transexuals were of average or higher intelligence and tended to be relatively superior verbally rather than numerically or in space-form ability. They were well motivated vocationally and tended to achieve vocationally, perhaps in compensation for their psychosexual disability.
A Longitudinal Study of Children with Learning Disabilities Subsequent to Hospitalization for Viral Encephalitis—Part II
Authors: Sabatino David A. , Cramblett Henry G.
Published: December 2008

California encephalitic virus is a known etiology underlying an unknown but possible residual cerebral pathology. The study of such a specific viral encephalitis assists us to establish a scientific data base between the clinical findings and the behavioral deficits that underlie academic achievement. More importantly, the children with behavioral difficulties appear normal (and are in language function) but they neither outgrow a developing underachievement deficit related to perceptual problems nor are the perceptual problems altered by regular classroom instruction.
Different Approaches to the Remediation of Severe Reading Disability in Children
Authors: Abrams Jules C. , Belmont Herman S.
Published: December 2008

In at least one group of severely retarded readers, the most vital step in remediation is the institution of a full-time specialized instructional program. Although this study was not designed to measure the beneficial effects of individual and/or group psychotherapy, the results suggest that there is no difference between individual and group psychotherapy in their effects on the alleviation of severe reading disorder.
Memory for Words and Memory for Numbers
Authors: Serafetinides E. A.
Published: December 2008

Two cases are presented in which an anterior temporal lobectomy for epilepsy, performed on the dominant side for speech, showed side effects in the form of memory impairment for words but not for numbers.
Family Interaction Factors in Psychogenic Learning Disturbance
Authors: Strickler Edwin
Published: December 2008

Family-centered therapy programs have achieved increasing popularity in recent years. They have augmented our understanding of pathogenic relationship factors within the home that lead to disturbed personality functioning among children. The accumulated evidence about family interactional patterns suggests that communicative barriers and inappropriate role behaviors in the home may contribute to serious difficulties in the child's efforts to adapt to the social milieu of the school classroom. The consequences of such poor social adjustment may be an inhibition of normal learning. It would appear relevant, therefore, to explore the efficacy of family treatment procedures in situations where deleterious home conditions are concomitant with psychogenic learning disturbance.
Environmental Influences on Substrates of Achievement Leading to Learning Disability
Authors: Davis Frank R.
Published: December 2008

Achievement is determined by working systems assembled from developing ability- and valuing-systems. Development of these subsystems is characterized by quantitative and qualitative changes. Ability- and valuing-systems are interlocked so their interaction may either promote or inhibit achievement. Achievement outcomes depend on the extent to which the child's environment has supported his acquisition of suitable subsystem components and dynamics.
Deficits in Sensory Integration in Educationally Handicapped Children
Authors: Ayres A. Jean
Published: December 2008

Sixty-four neuromuscular, perceptual, and cognitive measurements made on 36 children with educational handicaps were subjected to Q-technique factor analysis. The two major patterns of deficits associated with low academic achievement were (1) auditory, language, and sequencing, and (2) postural and bilateral integration. Both of these syndromes were differentiated from syndromes of apraxia and tactile defensiveness.
Ophthalmological Aspects of Learning Disabilities
Authors: Park George E.
Published: December 2008

The significance of a multi-discipline program is emphasized for diagnosing and treating learning disabilities. It has also been shown that visual functions have a wide range of physiological fluctuations and balances, influenced by stimuli on the sensori-motor system of the whole visual process. It would seem that the dysfunctions of the visual process have only a very limited influence on learning in an occasional case of dyslexia.
An Educational Approach to the Treatment of Children with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Heckerl John R. , Webb Susan M.
Published: December 2008

Educators are faced with the responsibility of providing services and developing pedagogical methods for children with learning disabilities. Because of multiple causative factors affecting learning, an interdisciplinary approach to the problem seems to be indicated. This paper describes the development and some initial results of an interdisciplinary approach for children with learning problems in a public school setting.
An Opportunity for Expression
Authors: Voller George
Published: December 2008

Increasing concern about placement for children classified as brain injured is being expressed by parents and professionals. Because of the difficulty in nosological terminology in the various disciplines, this continues to be a perplexing problem. The author suggests considerations and procedures to assist in the future placement of children with purported cerebral dysfunction.
A Creative-Adaptive Model of the Intellect
Authors: Johnson Russell M. , Millner Joan O.
Published: December 2008

The creative-adaptive model of the intellect incorporates Guilford's cubical model into a structure which allows for intraindividual and interindividual variation in abilities. It includes elements of self-control over learning, deterrents to actualization, and a unique reflecting level which permits knowledge modification, incubation, and creativity. It depicts the interaction of heredity and environment, with emphasis on the importance of environmental action.
Special Report
Authors: Toman Peggy
Published: December 2008

Language and culture or language and society are intimately related, although they are not always thought of as related in reference to education. This relation which exists between, for example, social differences and dialect differences, can be important to the teacher who then must decide whether there is a variety of English which he or she must emphasize because of its social implications. The problem of the socioeconomically-disadvantaged child and his oral language development is particularly relevant in the discussion of language and culture.
The Effects of Special Perceptual-Motor Training in Kindergarten on Reading Readiness and on Second Reading Grade Performance
Authors: Falik Louis H.
Published: December 2008

This study represents an attempt to test the efficacy of providing special perceptual-motor training as part of the general kindergarten curriculum. Children falling within the lower two-thirds of their group on a test of readiness were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The groups were compared for readiness for reading at the end of the year and reading achievement at the end of the second grade. The results showed no significant differences and suggest that the relevance of providing such special training as part of the general curriculum for “non-clinical” groups must be seriously questioned.
Stratagies of Research in Human Neuropsychology
Authors: Goldstein Steven G.
Published: December 2008

Studies in human neuropsychology often fall prey to criterion problems because of a dependence on construct validity. The present paper argues that such criteria are inappropriate and that only empirical criteria have some claim to validity in this area of research. The question of appropriate experimental designs are discussed and a recommendation made that non-parametric statistics be employed in such designs.