bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: data from the national biological sample and data repository for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH Biobank)
Authors: Charoenpong Prangthip , Dhillon Navneet , Murnane Kevin , Goeders Nicholas , Hall Nicole , Keller Courtney , Bhuiyan Mohammad Alfrad Nobel , Walter Robert
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study compares the clinical and haemodynamic severity of methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (MA-PAH) with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and connective tissue-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-PAH). It also examines sex differences in clinical and physiological parameters among those with MA-PAH.

Design

This is a cross-sectional study using clinically derived data from the National Biological Sample and Data Repository for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH biobank), a US-based registry, to compare clinical and physiological characteristics between males and females with MA-PAH.

Population

The analysis included 1830 patients enrolled in the PAH biobank, with a diagnosis of MA-PAH (n=42), IPAH (n=1073), or CTD-PAH (n=715).

Main outcome measures

The study assessed and compared the clinical and haemodynamic parameters of patients with MA-PAH, IPAH and CTD-PAH.

Results

Among the patients analysed, 42 had MA-PAH, with 69.1% being female. There were no statistically significant differences in functional class among patients with MA-PAH, IPAH and CTD-PAH. The per cent predicted 6-min walk distance (6MWD) was comparable between the three groups. Patients with MA-PAH had similar mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance to patients with IPAH but higher compared with patients with CTD-PAH. Male patients with MA-PAH exhibited a worse functional class and lower per cent predicted 6MWD, but no significant differences in haemodynamic findings were observed between the sexes.

Conclusion

There were no differences in haemodynamic between MA-PAH and IPAH but we found that MA-PAH differed from CTD-PAH. The study did not find evidence of sex differences in MA-PAH. Further research is necessary to identify risk factors and underlying mechanisms of MA-PAH, particularly considering the increasing prevalence of methamphetamine use. Such investigations will contribute to the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for this condition.
Assault-related anoxia and neck injuries in US emergency departments
Authors: Khurana Bharti , Prakash Jaya , Lewis-O'Connor Annie , Green William , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Loder Randall T.
Published: December 2023

Background

Early identification of non-fatal strangulation in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) is crucial due to its severe physical and psychological consequences for the individual experiencing it. This study investigates the under-reported and underestimated burden of IPV-related non-fatal strangulation by analysing assault-related injuries leading to anoxia and neck injuries.

Methods

An IRB-exempt, retrospective review of prospectively collected data were performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Programme data from 2005 to 2019 for all assaults resulting in anoxia and neck injuries. The type and mechanism of assault injuries resulting in anoxia (excluding drowning, poisoning and aspiration), anatomical location of assault-related neck injuries and neck injury diagnosis by morphology, were analysed using statistical methods accounting for the weighted stratified nature of the data.

Results

Out of a total of 24 493 518 assault-related injuries, 11.6% (N=2 842 862) resulted from IPV (defined as perpetrators being spouses/partners). Among 22 764 cases of assault-related anoxia, IPV accounted for 40.4%. Inhalation and suffocation were the dominant mechanisms (60.8%) of anoxia, with IPV contributing to 41.9% of such cases. Neck injuries represented only 3.0% of all assault-related injuries, with IPV accounting for 21% of all neck injuries and 31.9% of neck contusions.

Conclusions

The study reveals a significant burden of IPV-related anoxia and neck injuries, highlighting the importance of recognising IPV-related strangulation. Comprehensive screening for IPV should be conducted in patients with unexplained neck injuries, and all IPV patients should be screened for strangulation events.
Corrosion Protection Behavior of Aluminate Ion-Loaded Layered Double Hydroxide Coating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Hiromoto Sachiko , Fukuzawa Kasumi , Doi Kotaro , Chiba Makoto , Ohtsu Naofumi
Published: December 2023

Effect of aluminate ion loading on the corrosion behavior of layered double hydroxide (LDH) coating of Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) alloy was investigated. The corrosion inhibition performance of NaAlO2 for AZ31 was examined by immersion and polarization tests. Then, aluminate ion-loaded LDH (LDHAlO2) was synthesized from hydrotalcite (LDHCO3) and co-deposited with magnesium and aluminum double hydroxide on AZ31 by electrophoretic co-deposition. Polarization, electrochemical impedance (EI) and wet-dry cyclic corrosion tests were conducted on the LDHAlO2- and LDHCO3-coated specimens. Adding 10–50 mmol l−1 NaAlO2 to 0.1 mol l−1 NaCl solution induced a clear passive region on the polarization curves of AZ31 and shifted the breakdown potential over −1.0 V (Ag/AgCl), indicating the corrosion inhibition property of NaAlO2. In the polarization and EI tests, the aluminate ion loading did not noticeably enhance the corrosion protection ability of the LDH coating as shown by higher quasi-passive current density and lower R
p than without loading. However, in the wet-dry corrosion tests, the LDHAlO2-coated AZ31 demonstrated less weight gain and fewer clusters of shallow micro-pits, while the LDHCO3-coated AZ31 showed numerous deeper pits on the entire surface. It was revealed that loading aluminate ions to the LDH coatings is promising for enhancing their corrosion protection ability in atmospheric environments.
An Interlayer Link Prediction Method Based on Edge-Weighted Embedding
Authors: Hu Hefei , Zhang Sirui , Wang Yanan
Published: December 2023

Presently, users usually register accounts on online social networks (OSNs). Identifying the same user in different networks is also known as interlayer link prediction. Most existing interlayer link prediction studies use embedding methods, which represent nodes in a common representation space by learning mapping functions. However, these studies often directly model links within the pre-embedding layer as equal weights, fail to effectively distinguish the strength of edge relationships, and do not fully utilize network topology information. In this paper, we propose an interlayer link prediction model based on weighted embedding of connected edges within the network layer, which models the links within the network layer as weighted graphs to better represent the network and then uses appropriate embedding methods to represent the network in a low-dimensional space. After embedding, vector similarity and distance similarity are used as comprehensive evaluation scores. This paper has conducted a large number of simulation experiments on actual networks. The results show that our proposed model has higher prediction accuracy in all aspects than current advanced models and can achieve the highest accuracy when the training frequency is low, which proves the validity of the proposed model.
Effects of Light and Feeding on Expressions of Clock Genes and Metabolic Genes in the Ridgetail Shrimp, Exopalaemon carinicauda
Authors: Wang Yongshuai , Bo Yang , Lu Jun , Xu Yongjian
Published: December 2023

The changes of the circadian clock genes expression, growth, and muscle composition in Exopalaemon carinicauda under different photoperiods and feeding time were investigated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and muscle biochemical composition analysis, respectively. Results showed that four clock genes of Clock, Cry1, Tim, and Per2 showed significant circadian rhythms in both eyestalk and hepatopancreas. Their expression rhythms were highly correlated with the photoperiod in the eyestalk, but in the hepatopancreas, it was significantly correlated with the feeding time. Moreover, the expressions of several metabolic genes were also variable; adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and amyloglucosidase (AGL) changed significantly with the shift of feeding time, whereas methionine synthase (MS) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) changed significantly with the photoperiod. This reflected the close relationship between the metabolic and circadian clock in E. carinicauda; Alterations in photoperiod or feeding time lead to changes in the biological clock systems, which affects the daily expression of metabolic genes at the downstream metabolic pathway and closely correlates their expression rhythms with epi-environmental factors such as feeding. It can be seen from the results that the feeding was also a significant factor that affected the crude protein and crude fat contents in muscle tissue of E. carinicauda; their highest values (18.69% ± 0.13%, 1.81% ± 0.02%) were also occurred in the treatment with feeding at 19:00. Differences in muscle composition through a similar mechanism of action, i.e., the biological clock system are affected by the feeding and then regulated changes in downstream metabolic processes. As a result, the optimized conditions for the cultivation of E. carinicauda were a short light-phase photoperiod (8L : 16D) with feeding after sunset (19:00).
Accident due to Incorrect Selection of Diode Laser Technique in the Treatment of Oral Venous Malformation
Authors: Mohsen Mohamed , Migliau Guido , Pergolini Daniele , Romeo Umberto , Palaia Gaspare
Published: December 2023

Venous malformation (VM) originates from a congenital venous network disorder, configuring about 40% of the vascular anomalies that occur in the head and neck region. The usage of diode lasers in the treatment of VM is associated with various advantages, such as short operating time and few postoperative complications. Nevertheless, for larger and deeper VM treatment, it may require more than one session for the complete resolution of the lesion. Laser surgery for oral VM may induce heat accumulation due to excessive irradiation causing adverse events postoperatively, including pain and ulcer formation with scarring. In this clinical case, it was recommended to use the leopard technique (LT) to reduce the lesion size, evaluate the remaining unhealed lesion, and apply different laser techniques to obtain the complete resolution of the lesion.
4′-Ethynyl-2′-Deoxycytidine (EdC) Preferentially Targets Lymphoma and Leukemia Subtypes by Inducing Replicative Stress
Authors: Calbert Marissa L. , Chandramouly Gurushankar , Adams Clare M. , Saez-Ayala Magali , Kent Tatiana , Tyagi Mrityunjay , Ayyadevara V.S.S. Abhinav , Wang Yifan , Krais John J. , Gordon John , Atkins Jessica , Toma Monika M. , Betzi Stéphane , Boghossian Andrew S. , Rees Matthew G. , Ronan Melissa M. , Roth Jennifer A. , Goldman Aaron R. , Gorman Nicole , Mitra Ramkrishna , Childers Wayne E. , Graña Xavier , Skorski Tomasz , Johnson Neil , Hurtz Christian , Morelli Xavier , Eischen Christine M. , Pomerantz Richard T.
Published: December 2023

Anticancer nucleosides are effective against solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, but typically are prone to nucleoside metabolism resistance mechanisms. Using a nucleoside-specific multiplexed high-throughput screening approach, we discovered 4′-ethynyl-2′-deoxycytidine (EdC) as a third-generation anticancer nucleoside prodrug with preferential activity against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). EdC requires deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) phosphorylation for its activity and induces replication fork arrest and accumulation of cells in S-phase, indicating it acts as a chain terminator. A 2.1Å cocrystal structure of DCK bound to EdC and UDP reveals how the rigid 4′-alkyne of EdC fits within the active site of DCK. Remarkably, EdC was resistant to cytidine deamination and SAMHD1 metabolism mechanisms and exhibited higher potency against ALL compared with FDA-approved nelarabine. Finally, EdC was highly effective against DLBCL tumors and B-ALL in vivo. These data characterize EdC as a preclinical nucleoside prodrug candidate for DLBCL and ALL.
Table S8 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Table S8 provides synergy scores using BLISS and HSA algorithms.
Table S7 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Table S7 includes IC50 data for BH3 mimetic drugs in AML cell lines, without or with simvastatin.
Table S4 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Table S4 presents statistical analysis of pooled clinical trial data on R/R MM patient response to venetoclax treatment, comparing standard risk to high risk patients.
Table S2 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Table S2 presents statistical analysis of pooled clinical trial data on R/R MM patient response to venetoclax treatment, comparing one prior line of therapy to >1 prior line.
Figure S8 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure 8 contains data on GILZ mRNA expression in MM1S and MM1R cells
Figure S7 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure 7 contains data comparing pitavastatin with simavastatin in western blots (panel A) and BH3 profiling data with pitavastatin (panel B).
Figure S6 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure 6 contains viability data from cells treated with the GGPP synthase inhibitor TH-Z145
Figure S3 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure 3 contains additional viability assay data and synergy contour plots
Figure S13 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure 13 presents data on Cas9-mediated NOXA and PUMA deletion in KMS18 cells (panel A) and viability assays in cells with PUMA knockdown and ISRIB treatment (panel B).
Figure S11 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Supplementary Figure 11 presents data showing that pitavastatin does not activate ISR in AML cell lines.
FIGURE 1 from Statin-induced Mitochondrial Priming Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to BCL2 and MCL-1 Inhibitors
Authors: Juarez Dennis , Buono Roberta , Matulis Shannon M. , Gupta Vikas A. , Duong Madeleine , Yudiono Jacob , Paul Madhuri , Mallya Sharmila , Diep Grace , Hsin Peter , Lu Alexander , Suh Sang Mi , Dong Vy M. , Roberts Andrew W. , Leverson Joel D. , Jalaluddin Muhammad , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Bueno Orlando F. , Boise Lawrence H. , Fruman David A.
Published: December 2023

Statins significantly improve responses in a retrospective analysis of venetoclax clinical trials in R/R multiple myeloma. Results of patients with R/R multiple myeloma from venetoclax clinical trials receiving the standard therapy of Dex and a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib for the phase Ib trial (NCT01794507 also known as M12-901) and carfilzomib for the ongoing phase II trial (NCT02899052 also known as M15-538) were pooled for post hoc analysis of background statin use on responses to therapy. A, Univariate analysis of the pooled trials assessing background statin use on response to therapy identified a significant difference in the proportion of subjects achieving sCR that is appreciated in each individual study (***, P < 0.001). B, No patient on statins experienced progressive disease (PD) in either individual study, resulting in a significant difference in the pooled analysis (*, P < 0.05). C, Multivariate analysis to evaluate known independent variables that affect patient outcomes, including prior lines of therapy, cytogenetic risk, and t(11;14) status in relation to statin use on patient responses. Statin use trended closer to support association with CR or better when accounting for prior lines of therapy, while t(11;14) and cytogenetic risk had no association with CR or better. No high-risk patients achieved sCR, thus cytogenetic risk was dropped from multivariate analysis of sCR. Neither prior lines of therapy nor t(11;14) status were associated with sCR, while statin use was strongly associated with increased rates of sCR (**, P < 0.01).
Futuros y educación en los activismos juveniles socioambientales
Authors: Valdivia Andrea , Ibáñez-Canelo María Jesús , Palenzuela-Fundora Yadira , Cruz-Martínez Yuliet
Published: December 2023

(analytical)Young people are protagonists of the actions carried out by anti-hegemonic social movements. Their socio-environmental activism has an impact on the global struggle against a capitalist model that endangers our planet. This article explores the educational role of the Chilean organizations Viernes por el Futuro (Fridays for Future), Tremendas and Wila Pacha in relation to their visions of the future. A digital ethnography was carried out using a qualitative methodology and an interpretive approach based on a corpus of 591 posts that contain the groups' discourses on Instagram. The results evidence the conceptualization of a near future that has an expiration date for humanity. The groups' visions of these futures are supported by scientific, ancestral and territorial knowledge. They also project an imagined alternative future that is based on the dreams and values of the communities that each group represents. For all three of the groups, educating society through digital actions is essential for working towards these alternative futures.
Keywords: Youth; social movements; future; education; environmental education; social media.
Depression and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Adults Without Clinical Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Park Jangho , Lee Hyeji , Jeon Young‐Jee , Park Eun Ji , Park Sangwoo , Ann Soe Hee , Kim Yong‐Giun , Lee Yongjik , Park Gyung‐Min , Choi Seong Hoon
Published: December 2023

Background

The relationship between depression and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals is not clear. We evaluated this relationship in a Korean population.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 3920 individuals (mean age 54.7±7.9 years and 2603 men [66.4%]) with no history of coronary artery disease who voluntarily underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography and screening for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory as part of a general health examination. The degree and extent of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated by coronary computed tomographic angiography, and ≥50% diameter stenosis was defined as significant. Participants were categorized into groups of those with or without depression using the Beck Depression Inventory scores ≥16 as a cutoff value. Of the study participants, 272 (6.9%) had a Beck Depression Inventory score of 16 or higher. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, depression was not significantly associated with any coronary plaque (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.05 [95% CI, 0.78–1.41];
P
=0.746), calcified plaque (OR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.71–1.29];
P
=0.758), noncalcified plaque (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.79–2.17];
P
=0.305), mixed plaque (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.60–2.23];
P
=0.659), or significant coronary artery stenosis (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.73–2.03];
P
=0.450). In the propensity score‐matched population (n=1318) as well, none of the coronary artery disease measures of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis were statistically significantly associated with depression (all
P
>0.05).

Conclusions

In this large cross‐sectional study with asymptomatic individuals undergoing coronary computed tomographic angiography and Beck Depression Inventory evaluation, depression was not associated with an increased risk of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
Association Between New‐Onset Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiac Conduction Diseases: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Maoxiang , Gao Jingli , Chen Shuohua , Yao Siyu , Wang Miao , Wang Chi , Zhang Sijin , Feng Zekun , Tian Lu , Li Yanjie , Liu Yang , Wu Shouling , Xue Hao
Published: December 2023

Background

Cardiac conduction diseases can lead to life‐threatening outcomes. However, the evidence on risk factors for conduction disease that is needed to underpin prevention strategies is limited. The present study aimed to determine the association between type 2 diabetes and cardiac conduction diseases.

Methods and Results

This study included 101 080 participants free of prevalent diabetes and cardiac conduction diseases at baseline from the Kailuan Study. All participants were monitored biennially until December 31, 2020. During follow‐up, 14 397 participants were diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. For each case subject, 1 control subject was randomly selected, matched for age (±1 year) and sex. The final analysis comprised 10 744 case‐control pairs. Cox regression models with age as the underlying time scale were used. During a median follow‐up of 5.46 years, 571 incident events occurred, including 164 atrioventricular blocks, 414 bundle‐branch blocks (BBBs), 274 right BBBs, and 210 left BBBs. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants with type 2 diabetes diagnosed had greater relative risks for most outcomes relative to controls, with hazard ratios of 1.42 (95% CI, 1.18–1.67) for conduction diseases, 1.40 (95% CI, 1.00–1.96) for atrioventricular blocks, 1.43 (95% CI, 1.16–1.75) for BBBs, and 1.69 (95% CI, 1.15–2.49) for left BBBs. In contrast, no association between diabetes and right BBB was observed.

Conclusions

In this study, participants with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of cardiac conduction disease but not associated with the development of right BBB.
How Well Do Professional Reference Ratings Predict Teacher Performance?
Authors: Goldhaber Dan , Grout Cyrus , Wolff Malcolm
Published: December 2023

While the practice of collecting information from applicants’ professional references is widespread, there is a paucity of research linking references’ assessments of applicants to subsequent performance. In this paper, we examine the predictive validity of a specific type of reference-provided information: categorical ratings of teacher applicants collected from their professional references—a potentially low-cost means of enhancing the applicant information available during the hiring process. We find an overall significant relationship between reference ratings and teacher performance as measured by observational evaluation ratings and teacher value added in math, but that this relationship is moderated by two factors. First, while references’ ratings of applicants with prior teaching experience are predictive of performance, those of novice applicants are not. Second, the predictive validity of reference ratings varies according to rater type: Ratings from references identified as the applicants’ Principal/Other Supervisor, Instructional Coach/Department Chair, or Colleague are significantly predictive of performance whereas those from other types of raters are not. Overall, our findings show that meaningful information can be solicited from applicants’ references in the form of categorical ratings but also demonstrate some limitations in the potential for this type of information to inform hiring decisions.
Productivity Gains from Trade: Bunching Estimates from Trading Rights in China
Authors: Li Yunong , Lu Yi , Wang Jianguo
Published: December 2023

This paper identifies productivity gains from trade by studying the manipulation behavior of firms in response to regulatory policies on international trade in China. Bunching estimates show that participation in international trade increases firm productivity. The productivity gains increase over time, indicating dynamic learning from trading. Further exploration shows no effects on R&D investment, product rationalization and markup. Young firms and nonstate-owned firms (non-SOEs) gain more from participating in trade. Workers share productivity gains through increased wages but not from increased employment.
Relationship Stickiness, International Trade, and Economic Uncertainty
Authors: Martin Julien , Mejean Isabelle , Parenti Mathieu
Published: December 2023

We study how stickiness in business relationships influences the trade impact of aggregate uncertainty. To begin, we construct a product-level index of relationship stickiness using firm-to-firm relationship duration data. We then demonstrate how relationship stickiness shapes trade dynamics in response to uncertainty shocks. We find that episodes of uncertainty lead to a decline in the overall establishment of new business relationships, with the impact varying depending on the level of stickiness. In markets characterized by high stickiness, uncertainty shocks primarily impede investments in new firm-to-firm relationships. In contrast, for non-sticky products, the adjustment to uncertainty shocks mainly manifests as the disruption of existing relationships.
The Intended and Unintended Effects of Promoting Labor Market Mobility
Authors: Caliendo Marco , Künn Steffen , Mahlstedt Robert
Published: December 2023

We investigate the causal effects of financial incentives supporting geographical mobility among unemployed workers on their job search behavior and labor market outcomes. Exploiting regional variation in the promotion of mobility programs along administrative borders of German employment agency districts, we show that promoting mobility – as intended – causes job seekers to increase their search radius, apply for, and accept distant jobs. At the same time, local job search is reduced with adverse consequences for reemployment and earnings. A detailed analysis of the underlying mechanisms suggests spatial search frictions as the driver of the unintended adverse labor market effects.
Imperfect Private Information in Insurance Markets
Authors: Solomon Adam
Published: December 2023

This paper studies imperfectly-perceived private information in insurance markets when contracts endogenously respond. Equilibrium contracts, pooling and welfare depend on the joint distribution of risk and misperception. In the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), I show that misperceptions typically co-vary with (medical, long-term care, disability and mortality) risk type: high types under-perceive their risk, low types over-perceive. I develop a general model and algorithm to estimate the equilibrium contracts, pooling and welfare impact of misperceptions that is applicable in many settings. I offer suggestive evidence from US annuity markets that contracts are distorted due to misperceptions, with welfare likely increasing.
Intensity Meters: New Notes and Discoveries on the Invention of Early Modern Precision Instruments
Authors: Bigotti Fabrizio
Published: December 2023

The article sheds light on the invention of early modern precision instruments and their application in medicine, by analysing a neglected work by one of the Italian pupils of the physician Santorio Santori (1561–1636). This source provides vital information on Santorio’s experimental sample, and on the practical use and dimensions of instruments such as thermometers, hygrometers, pulsimeters and precision scales, showing that they also had a normative purpose: regulating the environmental factors affecting human health. The article first establishes the derivative nature of the source from Santorio’s teachings, and then contextualises the invention of precision instruments with regard to Santorio’s published and unpublished output. In the conclusions, I argue that the new instruments were meant to address the shortcomings of the traditional diagnostic rationale and are best conceptualised as ‘intensity meters’ meant to assess ‘the magnitude’ (magnitudo) of a patient’s illness in degrees.
Jerónimo Muñoz’s Reception of Proclus’ In Euclidem: Philosophy of Mathematics and an Attempt to Prove the Parallel Postulate
Authors: Campillo Bo Álvaro José
Published: December 2023

The goal of this paper is to show – by way of a case study – how the contents of Proclus’ Commentary on the First Book of Euclid’s Elements were incorporated into university teaching in the sixteenth century. I analyse the impact of Proclus on the works of the Spanish mathematician and university professor Jerónimo Muñoz (ca. 1520–1591). In order to do so, I examine two manuscripts: Adnotationes in commentaria Procli super Euclidem (MS Vat. Lat. 6996), and Astrologicarum et geographicarum institutionum libri sex (MS Vat. Lat. 6998). I show that the contents of Proclus’ commentary pervade Muñoz’s mathematical writings and influence his mathematical ontology, his classification of mathematical disciplines, and the history and terminology of geometry that he adopts. Moreover, I expound on how Proclus’ text inspired Muñoz to maintain that the fifth postulate was a theorem, leading him to attempt a demonstration of it which pre-dates knowledge in the Latin West of Naṣīr ad-Dīn’s (1201–1274) previous attempt.
Difficulties of Translating Al-Mušākalah (Homonymy) in the Holy Qurʾan: A Comparative Analytical Study
Authors: Al-Wadhan Trad , Al-Abbas Linda S.
Published: December 2023

This study aims to highlight the difficulties of translating Al-Mušākalah in the Holy Qurʾan into English by selecting six pairs that involve this phenomenon. It examines the accuracy of the English renditions of these expressions in five well-known English translations of the Holy Qurʾan, namely: Sahih International (1997), Yusuf Ali (1982), Abdel-Haleem (2005), Al-Hilali & Khan (2018), and Shakir (1987), based on a number of popular exegeses in the Islamic world. The English equivalents selected by the translators were looked up in Collins English Dictionary to check their compatibility with the interpretations given in the exegeses. The study found that the translators could not fully reflect the slight differences between the homonymous pairs in some cases. The translation of Al-Hilali and Khan was the most successful in achieving the intended meanings, followed by Yusuf Ali’s. Shakir and Abdel-Haleem had almost the same level of accuracy, and Sahih International translation was the least consistent with the Qurʾanic interpretations.
The Clinton Administration’s Policy of Democracy Promotion in Ukraine (1993–2001)
Authors: Boys James D.
Published: December 2023

The violence perpetrated against Ukraine has raised questions regarding the direction of U.S. grand strategy since the end of the Cold War, with the Clinton administration’s decision to pursue a policy of democratic promotion in central and eastern Europe coming under specific scrutiny. Was this, as critics suggest, a strategic blunder that prompted Moscow’s apparent attempt to re-establish control over its former satellites, or, as was believed at the time, a necessary step towards political and economic reform of the European continent following the Cold War? This paper reveals how the Democracy Promotion pillar of the Clinton administration’s policy of Engagement and Enlargement aided the development of Ukraine without antagonizing the Kremlin, and the lessons that the Biden administration could glean from this policy thirty years later.
Reawakenings to the improbable: Offerings of the limit situation for media theory in a disorderly world
Authors: Lagerkvist Amanda
Published: December 2023

The global pandemic threw the world in all its asymmetries and diversities into a limit situation without known coordinates. This article suggests that in its aftermath there is actually a call and an opportunity for more than rethinking existing keywords in the field. It argues that the crisis was “improbable” in the meaning of the word offered by Amitav Ghosh who traces a common sense forged by probabilistic science, that expelled the unthinkable from the modern imaginary. Tracking down this regime of certainty, the essay offers a discussion on the place or displacement of the disorderly, the uncertain, and the disruptive in media theory. It submits that reawakening to the improbable, in light of Karl Jaspers’ philosophical anthropology of the limit situation, offers a fruitful conceptual avenue ahead. Apart from introducing the concept of the (digital) limit situation, the article offers a conversation between existential media studies, critical disability studies, feminist STS, and the environmental humanities, by also inviting an extended family of unruly concepts, including dismediation and deferral. It concludes that limit situations can be transformative also for media theory, if we dare to seize them, by means of existential modes of transversal listening to ghostly pasts never fulfilled.
The Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Family-Work and Work-Family Conflicts Among Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al-Hammouri Mohammed Munther , Rababah Jehad A. , Alfurjani Aida M.
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Nurses’ working environment poses various challenges that lead to conflict between work- and family-related roles. Work-family and family-work conflicts (WFCs and FWCs) negatively affect nurses’ well-being and patient outcomes. Thus, the current study examined the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention on WFC and FWC among nurses. Method: A randomized controlled trial, pre–post-test design was used in the current study. A total of 123 nurses were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention ( n = 60) and control ( n = 63) groups. Findings: Multivariate analysis showed that there was a statistically significant effect of the intervention on the linear combination of the dependent variables V = 0.1, F (2, 120) = 6.61, p < .01. The analyses showed that the mean difference of the WFCs and FWCs scores was significant with the intervention group showing lower mean scores than the control group. In addition, both groups showed higher work-family conflict mean scores compared to the FWC. Discussion: The findings of this study showed that the mindfulness-based intervention significantly improved nurses’ WFCs and FWCs. The results should be considered when planning for nurses’ well-being and the quality of care being provided to promote holistic nursing care.
When a Crisis Has a Silver Lining: Social Media P2P Fundraising at the Start of COVID-19
Authors: Martin Beatrice , Schlereth Christian
Published: December 2023

Research suggests that global crises generally have a negative impact on donations to nonprofit organizations. In this research note, we challenge whether this wisdom applies to all channels by examining a growing digital fundraising channel, social media peer-to-peer (p2p) fundraising, at the start of the COVID-19 crisis. Through both United States and German samples, we study which nonprofit organizations over- and underperformed compared to the market average to glean the potential drivers of success. We demonstrate that not all crises lower generosity, provide managerial insights into this new digital fundraising channel, and discuss how our results are generalizable to other channels and crises.
Adaptive tracking control of a unicycle subject to uncertainties and perturbations
Authors: Tchenderli-Braham Smain Azzeddine
Published: December 2023

An adaptive trajectory tracking control scheme is proposed for the command of a unicycle robot which is subject to dynamic uncertainties (inertia, mass, viscous parameter, etc), unmodeled dynamics, unknown disturbances, slipping effects, and loss of effectiveness (LOE). The latter are adaptively estimated and compensated in control laws. Moreover, projection algorithms are added to bound estimators, preventing them from drifting. The control objective is developed in two steps. First, a kinematic control law is designed to compute the necessary velocities (linear and angular velocities) that allow the robot to reach the desired trajectory. Afterward, sliding mode based adaptive control torques are developed in order to track velocities computed in the first step. The proposed control strategy guarantees the stability of the closed-loop system by ensuring the asymptotic convergence to both desired trajectory and necessary velocities. Finally, simulation results illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Free to move, reluctant to share: Unequal opposition to transnational rights under the EU's free movement principle
Authors: Sojka Aleksandra , Talving Liisa , Vasilopoulou Sofia
Published: December 2023

Free movement is simultaneously widely acclaimed and strongly contested in the European Union. To address this apparent contradiction, we unpack European Union freedom of movement into its different transnational rights and argue that opposition is unequal across entitlements. Using evidence from a unique survey conducted in the United Kingdom in 2017, we show that citizens mainly contest welfare access. This transnational right implies costs for the host country and taps into perceptions of belonging and deservingness. Due to its association with ideas of national community and solidarity, access to welfare is more contested even among those who, in principle, should be favourable to such entitlements: inclusive national identifiers and European integration supporters. Our findings underscore the challenge of creating a sense of European community that could underpin all transnational rights implied by the Union's principle of freedom of movement.
Data science in drug discovery safety: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Coltman Nicholas J , Roberts Ruth A , Sidaway James E
Published: December 2023

Early de-risking of drug targets and chemistry is essential to provide drug projects with the best chance of success. Target safety assessments (TSAs) use target biology, gene and protein expression data, genetic information from humans and animals, and competitor compound intelligence to understand the potential safety risks associated with modulating a drug target. However, there is a vast amount of information, updated daily that must be considered for each TSA. We have developed a data science–based approach that allows acquisition of relevant evidence for an optimal TSA. This is built on expert-led conventional and artificial intelligence–based mining of literature and other bioinformatics databases. Potential safety risks are identified according to an evidence framework, adjusted to the degree of target novelty. Expert knowledge is necessary to interpret the evidence and to take account of the nuances of drug safety, the modality, and the intended patient population for each TSA within each project. Overall, TSAs take full advantage of the most recent developments in data science and can be used within drug projects to identify and mitigate risks, helping with informed decision-making and resource management. These approaches should be used in the earliest stages of a drug project to guide decisions such as target selection, discovery chemistry options, in vitro assay choice, and end points for investigative in vivo studies.
Can Farmers Punch Their Tickets to Wealth? The Spillover Effect of High-Speed Railway on Agriculture Development
Authors: Xiao Ting , Yu Xin , Ding Liang
Published: December 2023

This paper studied the impact of high-speed railway linesonagricultural outputin the regions along their routes. It also investigated the heterogeneity of this impactbased on the terrain characteristics. The results of empirical testsusing county-level data show that ahigh-speed railway line can bring higher agricultural “dividends” to counties along the line. Notably, low altitude areas and regionswith gentle terrain exhibit a more pronounced promotional effect on local agricultural output. High-speed railways mainly promote agricultural output by promoting the mechanization of agriculture in counties along the route, thus reinvigorating the agricultural population and the development of specialty agriculture. Ourfindingsprovide quasi-microscopic evidence of the potential benefits of transportation infrastructure construction to break down geographical barriers and facilitate production factor flow, and providesa theoretical basis for the economic spillover effects of high-speed railway construction.
Editorial: Introduction to giftedness, disability, gender and well-being in higher education: A socio-psycho-pedagogical perspective
Authors: Gierczyk Marcin
Published: December 2023

This introductory paper explains the background to the special collection entitled Giftedness, Disability, Gender and Well-Being in Higher Education: A Socio-Psycho-Pedagogical Perspective and provides an overview of the five selected articles. The authors approach the topic of higher education from different perspectives, focusing on student well-being, inclusive education and social inequality. This special collection aims to enable the community of scholars, policy-makers and practitioners to consider the latest approaches to these areas. The papers are based on empirical data and theoretical perspectives. Collectively, the articles highlight the centrality of well-being in the educational journey, arguing for its consideration alongside academic achievement.
Planning GvHD preemptive therapy: risk factors, biomarkers, and prognostic scores
Authors: Rozmus Jacob , Levine John E. , Schultz Kirk R.
Published: December 2023

Prevention of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD and cGvHD) is an important objective of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). While there is has been significant progress in preventative approaches in the peritransplant period to minimize development of GvHD, no preventative approach has completely eliminated development of either aGvHD or cGvHD. Recently, posttransplant immune biomarker profiling early post-HCT by the Mount Sinai Acute GvHD International Consortium group has resulted in a validated risk assignment algorithm and development of preemptive approaches to decrease aGvHD and mortality in high-risk patients. cGvHD risk assignment algorithms have been developed based on measurements at day 100 and may be used for future preemptive intervention trials to minimize cGvHD. This article discusses the current state of the art in aGvHD and cGvHD preemptive algorithms and therapeutic interventions and what is needed to move these into validated approaches.
A rational approach to functional high-risk myeloma
Authors: Gay Francesca , Bertuglia Giuseppe , Mina Roberto
Published: December 2023

Multiple myeloma is a clinically and biologically highly heterogeneous disease, as the overall survival can vary from more than a decade in patients with standard risk disease treated with intensive chemotherapy to 2−3 years in patients with high-risk features. The current staging systems, which rely on baseline biological risk factors to stratify patients into groups with differing risks of progression or death, are sometimes suboptimal tools for identifying high-risk patients. This is particularly evident when considering the so-called functional high-risk patients—patients who do not necessarily display baseline high-risk features but typically show a suboptimal response to induction therapy or relapse early after treatment initiation: the survival of these patients is particularly poor even in the context of newer therapies. The prompt identification, as well as a consistent definition, of this subset of patients, as well as their management, currently represents an unmet medical need. In this review we explore the main characteristics of functional high-risk patients, the available known risk factors and scoring systems, and the possible management.