bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL-23 (Interleukin-23)–Producing Conventional Dendritic Cells Control the Detrimental IL-17 (Interleukin-17) Response in Stroke
Authors: Gelderblom Mathias , Gallizioli Mattia , Ludewig Peter , Thom Vivien , Arunachalam Priyadharshini , Rissiek Björn , Bernreuther Christian , Glatzel Markus , Korn Thomas , Arumugam Thiruma Valavan , Sedlacik Jan , Gerloff Christian , Tolosa Eva , Planas Anna M. , Magnus Tim
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—

Inflammatory mechanisms can exacerbate ischemic tissue damage and worsen clinical outcome in patients with stroke. Both αβ and γδ T cells are established mediators of tissue damage in stroke, and the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in inducing the early events of T cell activation and differentiation in stroke is not well understood.

Methods—

In a murine model of experimental stroke, we defined the immune phenotype of infiltrating DC subsets based on flow cytometry of surface markers, the expression of ontogenetic markers, and cytokine levels. We used conditional DC depletion, bone marrow chimeric mice, and IL-23 (interleukin-23) receptor-deficient mice to further explore the functional role of DCs.

Results—

We show that the ischemic brain was rapidly infiltrated by IRF4
+
/CD172a
+
conventional type 2 DCs and that conventional type 2 DCs were the most abundant subset in comparison with all other DC subsets. Twenty-four hours after ischemia onset, conventional type 2 DCs became the major source of IL-23, promoting neutrophil infiltration by induction of IL-17 (interleukin-17) in γδ T cells. Functionally, the depletion of CD11c
+
cells or the genetic disruption of the IL-23 signaling abrogated both IL-17 production in γδ T cells and neutrophil infiltration. Interruption of the IL-23/IL-17 cascade decreased infarct size and improved neurological outcome after stroke.

Conclusions—

Our results suggest a central role for interferon regulatory factor 4-positive IL-23–producing conventional DCs in the IL-17–dependent secondary tissue damage in stroke.
Does Extensive Training at Individuating Novel Objects in Adulthood Lead to Visual Expertise? The Role of Facelikeness
Authors: Lochy Aliette , Zimmermann Friederike G. S. , Laguesse Renaud , Willenbockel Verena , Rossion Bruno , Vuong Quoc C.
Published: December 2017

Human adults have a rich visual experience thanks to seeing human faces since birth, which may contribute to the acquisition of perceptual processes that rapidly and automatically individuate faces. According to a generic visual expertise hypothesis, extensive experience with nonface objects may similarly lead to efficient processing of objects at the individual level. However, whether extensive training in adulthood leads to visual expertise remains debated. One key issue is the extent to which the acquisition of visual expertise depends on the resemblance of objects to faces in terms of the spatial configuration of parts. We therefore trained naive human adults to individuate a large set of novel parametric multipart objects. Critically, one group of participants trained with the objects in a “facelike” stimulus orientation, whereas a second group trained with the same objects but with the objects rotated 180° in the picture plane into a “nonfacelike” orientation. We used a fast periodic visual stimulation EEG protocol to objectively quantify participants' ability to discriminate untrained exemplars before and after training. EEG responses associated with the frequency of identity change in a fast stimulation sequence, which reflects rapid and automatic perceptual processes, were observed over lateral occipital sites for both groups before training. There was a significant, albeit small, increase in these responses after training but only for the facelike group and only to facelike stimuli. Our findings indicate that perceived facelikeness plays a role in visual expertise and highlight how the adult perceptual system exploits familiar spatial configurations when learning new object categories.
Selective Interference with Syntactic Encoding during Sentence Production by Direct Electrocortical Stimulation of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Authors: Chang Edward F. , Kurteff Garret , Wilson Stephen M.
Published: December 2017

Cortical stimulation mapping (CSM) has provided important insights into the neuroanatomy of language because of its high spatial and temporal resolution, and the causal relationships that can be inferred from transient disruption of specific functions. Almost all CSM studies to date have focused on word-level processes such as naming, comprehension, and repetition. In this study, we used CSM to identify sites where stimulation interfered selectively with syntactic encoding during sentence production. Fourteen patients undergoing left-hemisphere neurosurgery participated in the study. In 7 of the 14 patients, we identified nine sites where cortical stimulation interfered with syntactic encoding but did not interfere with single word processing. All nine sites were localized to the inferior frontal gyrus, mostly to the pars triangularis and opercularis. Interference with syntactic encoding took several different forms, including misassignment of arguments to grammatical roles, misassignment of nouns to verb slots, omission of function words and inflectional morphology, and various paragrammatic constructions. Our findings suggest that the left inferior frontal gyrus plays an important role in the encoding of syntactic structure during sentence production.
Cortico-cerebellar Networks Drive Sensorimotor Learning in Speech
Authors: Lametti Daniel R. , Smith Harriet J. , Freidin Phoebe F. , Watkins Kate E.
Published: December 2017

The motor cortex and cerebellum are thought to be critical for learning and maintaining motor behaviors. Here we use transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to test the role of the motor cortex and cerebellum in sensorimotor learning in speech. During productions of “head,” “bed,” and “dead,” the first formant of the vowel sound was altered in real time toward the first formant of the vowel sound in “had,” “bad,” and “dad.” Compensatory changes in first and second formant production were used as a measure of motor adaptation. tDCS to either the motor cortex or the cerebellum improved sensorimotor learning in speech compared with sham stimulation ( n = 20 in each group). However, in the case of cerebellar tDCS, production changes were restricted to the source of the acoustical error (i.e., the first formant). Motor cortex tDCS drove production changes that offset errors in the first formant, but unlike cerebellar tDCS, adaptive changes in the second formant also occurred. The results suggest that motor cortex and cerebellar tDCS have both shared and dissociable effects on motor adaptation. The study provides initial causal evidence in speech production that the motor cortex and the cerebellum support different aspects of sensorimotor learning. We propose that motor cortex tDCS drives sensorimotor learning toward previously learned patterns of movement, whereas cerebellar tDCS focuses sensorimotor learning on error correction.
Taxonomic review of the mirine plant bug genus Stenotus Jakovlev in Japan and adjacent regions in Asia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae)
Authors: Yasunaga Tomohide , Akagi Sachiko , Nagashima Seidai
Published: December 2017

The mirine plant bug fauna of the genus Stenotus Jakovlev in Japan, Korea, East China, and Russian Far East is reviewed. Seven species are recognized in the study area; of these, two new species are herein described, namely S. hasegawai
sp.n., restricted to cool-temperate climate zones in Japan and Sakhalin, Russia and S. takaii
sp.n. assumed to be endemic to Amami-Oshima Island of the Japanese Ryukyus. The Taiwanese species, S. insularis Poppius, is reported from the Ryukyus for the first time and redescribed; the other taxon, S. viridis (Shiraki), is regarded as a nomen dubium, lacking any type series. An additional new species from Nepal, S. ramduwalae
sp.n., is described. A checklist of East Asia and Oriental species and a key to all known East Asian species are provided. Stenotus longiceps Poppius is transferred to Zalmunna Distant. The zoogeography of these East Asian Stenotus species is discussed.
School library staff perspectives on teacher information literacy and collaboration
Authors: McKeever Christine , Bates Jessica , Reilly Jacqueline
Published: December 2017

Pupils need to develop information literacy (IL) skills in schools in order to be active members of a skilled workforce, for lifelong learning and digital citizenship. However, there has been little focus on the extent to which this happens in a classroom setting and on information competencies of teachers. As part of a broader study of teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of IL, librarians in schools in Northern Ireland were interviewed. Findings reveal low levels of collaboration with teachers. Recommendations are made regarding how to overcome challenges involved in developing teachers’ IL so that they can better support learners.
Celebrating Undergraduate Students’ Research at York University
Authors: Bury Sophie , Craig Dana , Shujah Sarah
Published: December 2017

This article analyses the information literacy (IL) competencies of high-achieving undergraduate students through the lens of undergraduate research celebrations in a North American University. This article focuses on York University’s Undergraduate Research Fair, and shares findings from an analysis of students’ IL award submissions including lower-year (first and second year of university) and upper-year (third and fourth year of university) applicants. Submissions are analysed using a qualitative content analysis approach. The study’s findings point to the positive value of both IL and reference help in building high-achieving undergraduate students’ IL skills. Results indicate important future directions for IL instruction, such as the role of the flipped classroom, and the critical importance of embracing the Association of College and Research Libraries’ (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education to engage undergraduates with high-order IL concepts.
Distance learning as alterity:
Authors: Webster Lee , Whitworth Andrew
Published: December 2017

Informed learning (Bruce, 2008) is a pedagogic framework that aims to enable students to use information to learn through the experience of variation in the relational frame. The research described in this paper comes from a larger project called Stewarding and Power In Digital Educational Resources (SPIDER) and we describe how the mixing of campus based and distance students has been used to enhance informed learning within a postgraduate degree unit. The original contribution is to investigate the specific impact of ‘alterity’ (Linell, 2009) on the experience of variation. Online group tasks mixed campus and distance students together and we studied the various ways that students used information to learn. Evidence from discussion board posts supports our claims that discussion board activities enable dialogues and that diversity within the learning community enhances learning through alterity. We conclude that online learning has much to offer information literacy education, whether used alone or when campus based and distance students are given online tasks to do together. This paper brings new insight to the field of information literacy education by showing how distance learning brings a distinct quality to information literacy pedagogy, as it provides specific opportunities for learners to teach each other and then make critically-informed judgements about contexts, information and technology with which they are unfamiliar. We suggest that similar pedagogic approaches could be adopted in other disciplines and contexts. Given the increasing diversity present w
A new species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Gia Lai Province, Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: LUU VINH QUANG , DUNG TRAN VAN , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , LE MINH DUC , ZIEGLER THOMAS
Published: December 2017

We describe a new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus from Gia Lai Province, Central Highlands of Vietnam based on morphological and molecular differences. Cyrtodactylus gialaiensis sp. nov. is differentiated from other congeners by a unique combination of the following characters: Size small, maximum known SVL reaching 62.8 mm; dorsal pattern consisting of six or seven dark transverse bands between limb insertions; intersupranasals two or three; dorsal tubercles at midbody in 16–21 irregular rows, strongly developed on flanks; lateral folds poorly defined with interspersed tubercles; ventral scales between ventrolateral folds 38–45; precloacal pores nine or 10 in males, eight pitted scales in the adult female, in a continuous row; femoral pores absent; enlarged femoral scales present; postcloacal tubercles two or three; dorsal tubercles present to half of tail; subcaudal scales not enlarged. In molecular analyses, the new species is weakly supported as a member of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis species group with a minimum pairwise genetic distance of 13.7% from others within the group.
A preliminary account of the fruit fly fauna of Timor-Leste (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae)
Authors: BELLIS GLENN A , BRITO AMERICO A , JESUS HIPOLITO DE , QUINTAO VALENTE , SARMENTO JOAQUIM C , BERE APOLINARIO , RODRIGUES JOÃO , HANCOCK DAVID L
Published: December 2017

Opportunistic monitoring using baited fruit fly traps throughout Timor-Leste revealed the presence of 16 species of Bactrocera and one species of Dacus, all of which are previously reported from the region. Sampling of a range of commercial fruit species detected an additional species, B. latifrons, and revealed that nine species are attacking commercial fruits and vegetables. A key for separating these species is provided. New host records were found for B. minuscula, B. floresiae and B. bellisi. Variation in the morphology of B. minuscula, B. floresiae and an undescribed species and within B. albistrigata confounded attempts at accurate identification of some specimens.
Sphere-Filling Asymptotics of the Barotropic Potential Vorticity Staircase
Authors: Dunkerton Timothy J.
Published: December 2017

For barotropic flow in spherical geometry, the ideal potential vorticity staircase with flat steps and vertical risers exhibits a relationship between prograde jet strength and spacing such that, for regular spacing, the distance between adjacent jets is given by a suitably defined “Rhines scale” multiplied by a positive constant equal to . This result was obtained previously by the author in the equatorial limit of spherical geometry and by others in periodic beta-plane geometry. An improved asymptotic method has been devised to explain the strength–spacing relationship in sphere-filling solutions. This analysis explains the approximate validity of the equatorial asymptotics and yields new insight on minimum energy states and staircase mode transitions simulated in the presence of random, persistent energy inputs at high horizontal wavenumber.
Polar Mesoscale Cyclone Climatology for the Nordic Seas Based on ERA-Interim
Authors: Michel Clio , Terpstra Annick , Spengler Thomas
Published: December 2017

Polar mesoscale cyclones (PMCs) are automatically detected and tracked over the Nordic seas using the Melbourne University algorithm applied to ERA-Interim. The novelty of this study lies in the length of the dataset (1979–2014), using PMC tracks to infer relationships to large-scale flow patterns, and elucidating the sensitivity to different selection criteria when defining PMCs and polar lows and their genesis environments. The angle between the ambient mean and thermal wind is used to distinguish two different PMC genesis environments. The forward shear environment (thermal and mean wind have the same direction) features typical baroclinic conditions with a temperature gradient at the surface and a strong jet stream at the tropopause. The reverse shear environment (thermal and mean wind have opposite directions) features an occluded cyclone with a barotropic structure throughout the entire troposphere and a low-level jet. In contrast to previous studies, PMC occurrence features neither a significant trend nor a significant link with the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Scandinavian blocking (SB), though the SB negative pattern seems to promote reverse shear PMC genesis. The sea ice extent in the Nordic seas is not associated with overall changes in PMC occurrence but influences the genesis location. Selected cold air outbreak indices and the temperature difference between the sea surface and 500 hPa (SST − T500) show no robust link with PMC occurrence, but the characteristics of forward shear PMCs and their synoptic environments are sensitive to the choice of the SST − T500 threshold.
Evaluation of RapidScat Ocean Vector Winds for Data Assimilation and Reanalysis
Authors: McCarty Will , Chattopadhyay Mohar , Conaty Austin
Published: December 2017

The Rapid Scatterometer (RapidScat) was built as a low-cost follow-on to the QuikSCAT mission. It flew on the International Space Station (ISS) and provided data from 3 October 2014 to 20 August 2016. These data allowed for the retrieval of surface wind vectors derived from surface roughness estimates measured from multiple coincident azimuth angles. These measurements were unique to the historical scatterometer record in that the ISS flies in a low inclination, non-sun-synchronous orbit. Scatterometry-derived wind vectors have been routinely assimilated in both forward processing and reanalysis systems run at the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). As the RapidScat retrievals were made available in near–real time, they were assimilated in the forward processing system, and the methods to assimilate and evaluate these retrievals are described. Time series of data statistics are presented first for the near-real-time data assimilated in GMAO forward processing. Second, the full data products provided by the RapidScat team are compared passively to the MERRA-2 reanalysis. Both sets of results show that the root-mean-square (RMS) difference of the observations and the GMAO model background fields increased over the course of the data record. Furthermore, the observations and the backgrounds are shown to be biased for both the zonal and meridional wind components. The retrievals are shown to have had a net forecast error reduction via the forecast sensitivity observation impact (FSOI) metric, which is a quantification of 24-h forecast error reduction, though the impact became neutral as the signal-to-noise ratio of the instrument decreased over its lifespan.
The Burden of Bearing Witness: The Impact of Testifying at War Crimes Tribunals
Authors: King Kimi , Meernik James
Published: December 2017

Intersections exist regarding how institutions and individuals respond in the wake of mass violence, and we explore one theoretical perspective: resilience—the ability to overcome in the face of adversity. By controlling for the institutional context, we analyze the microlevel impact of testifying on witnesses who testify. New survey data provide information from 300 prosecution, defence, and Chambers witnesses who appeared at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. We test propositions about resilience related to trauma, motivations, contributions to justice, fair treatment, witness fatigue, and human security. Witnesses who experienced greater trauma, who were more highly motivated, who believed they contributed to justice, and who were satisfied with their current situation were more positive about testifying. Those who believed they were treated fairly by prosecution and defence were less negative. The findings add to the debate about the burden of bearing witness in post-conflict societies and why some overcome adverse experiences related to mass violence.
Analgesics promote welfare and sustain tumour growth in orthotopic 4T1 and B16 mouse cancer models
Authors: Lofgren Jennifer , Miller Amy L , Lee Claudia Chui Shan , Bradshaw Carla , Flecknell Paul , Roughan Johnny
Published: December 2017

Murine orthotopic cancer models often require surgery, potentially causing pain or distress. However, analgesics are often withheld because they may alter tumour development. Two orthotopically implanted cancers were investigated in mice pre-treated with meloxicam (10 mg/kg), buprenorphine (0.2 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg). Tumours were imaged and welfare was assessed using body weight, behaviour and nociceptive responses. In study 1, BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 mammary carcinoma or saline during surgery or anaesthesia. As pre-treatment with a single buprenorphine dose appeared beneficial to cancer growth consistency, a second cohort of mice additionally received saline or buprenorphine at 12 and 24 h. Surgery resulted in increased mammary tumour growth and lung metastases. These unwanted effects were lessened by buprenorphine pre-treatment, especially when given repeatedly. Mammary tumour-bearing mice became less active and nociceptive thresholds declined over time, indicating some discomfort as tumours grew. In study 2, C57BL/6 mice received B16 melanoma. This non-surgical model was used to determine whether meloxicam or buprenorphine affected cancer seeding of the lungs. While meloxicam reduced B16 lung seeding, buprenorphine did not. Mechanical thresholds decreased as cancer developed in mice bearing melanoma, but the magnitude of this was insufficient to conclude that there were any significant welfare concerns. This study highlights the scientific value in utilising non-surgical models, where possible. When surgery must be performed at the time of tumour inoculation, the effects of this should be controlled with appropriate analgesics to enhance the value and possibly translation of the research.
Legal Aspects of Teaching Music Students with Disabilities
Authors: Crockett Jean B.
Published: December 2017

The public education of students with disabilities in the United States is governed by federal policies that promote school improvement, protect students from discrimination, and provide those who need it with special education and related services to meet their individual needs. This article explains the legal aspects of teaching students with disabilities in the context of music education. Topics address promoting student achievement through the Every Student Succeeds Act, protecting individual access to the music curriculum under Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act, and providing music instruction to special education students under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Guidelines are provided for making music instruction for students with disabilities both legally correct and educationally meaningful.
Exercise and Implicit Memory: A Brief Systematic Review
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Edwards Meghan K.
Published: December 2017

Background

Emerging work demonstrates that acute exercise may enhance explicit memory function. No published systematic reviews have evaluated the totality of research examining the effects of exercise on implicit memory function, which was the purpose of this systematic review.

Methods

Databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, and Sports Discus) were searched to evaluate animal and human experimental studies evaluating the effects of exercise on implicit memory function.

Results

Among the 10 evaluated studies that met inclusionary criteria for this systematic review, 7 were conducted in animal models (rats or mice), with 3 utilizing human samples. Among the seven animal model studies, all employed a fear conditioning paradigm to evaluate implicit memory performance. All six animal studies employing a chronic exercise paradigm demonstrated evidence for associations between chronic exercise and enhanced fear conditioning. The one animal study evaluating a high-intensity acute bout of exercise showed that high-intensity acute exercise worsened implicit memory retrieval. Among the three human studies, one demonstrated a beneficial effect of acute exercise on implicit memory function.

Discussion

There is consistent evidence in animal models that chronic exercise enhances implicit memory, as assessed by fear conditioning. However, there have been too few human studies investigating this topic to render any meaningful conclusions regarding the relationship between exercise and cognitive-based implicit memory among humans.
The Field of Field Philosophy: Socrates Tenured by Robert Frodeman and Adam Briggle
Authors: Shew Ashley
Published: December 2017

This review assesses whether Briggle and Frodeman offer an accurate depiction of the state philosophy at universities, and examines the prospects of their conception of field philosophy and the feasibility of their proposal in the context of other trends.
Relationships in the lives of Israeli women coping with drug addiction: An ecosystemic perspective
Authors: Itzick Michal , Segal Jenya Neomi , Possick Chaya
Published: December 2017

This qualitative study explores the experience of relationships in the lives of Israeli women coping with drug addiction, following detoxification. The theoretical foundation of the study is the relational theory of women and drug addiction. The aim of the current study is to use an integrated, ecosystemic framework that contextualizes the women’s experiences in relationships. The study is designed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis. The research includes in-depth, loosely structured interviews with 12 women coping with drug addiction, aged 20–33, who have been free of drugs at least 1 year. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by coding meaning units, forming categories, and developing four focal themes: (1) preoccupation with achieving security in relationships with significant others: parents and partners; (2) loneliness and fear resulting from traumatic experiences; (3) the road to recovery as an experience of repeated caring contact by drug rehabilitation staff; and (4) gendered social and cultural stigma by society at large as experienced in relationships with “helping” professionals. The discussion demonstrates how the experiences of women coping with drug addiction who are free of drugs can be divided into three levels, based on the ecosystemic perspective: the internal microsystem of the self, the external mesosystem of relationships with others, and the macrosystem of self and society. Implications for policy practice with women coping with drug addiction are presented based on the gender-mainstreaming approach.
Association of the CD11b rs1143679 polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Li Chunmei , Tong Fengqing , Ma Yi , Qian Kai , Zhang Junyu , Chen Xingguo
Published: December 2017

Objective

To investigate the association of the CD11b single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1143679 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Han Chinese patients, and to clarify this association with SLE clinical manifestations.

Methods

PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing of CD11b rs1143679 were conducted in 584 patients with SLE and 628 healthy controls in this case–control study to compare genotype and allele frequency distributions. Correlations between CD11b genotypes and clinical manifestations were also determined.

Results

The frequency of the CD11b rs1143679 GA genotype was 1.89% in Han Chinese patients with SLE, which was much lower than that of European and American populations, but close to the frequency observed in individuals from Hong Kong and Thailand. The CD11b rs1143679 GA genotype was also shown to confer susceptibility to SLE (odds ratio = 4.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.11–14.41). CD11b rs1143679 was found to be significantly associated with nephritis, but not with age of disease onset, arthritis, hematological involvement, or neural lesions.

Conclusion

CD11b rs1143679 appears to be associated with risk for SLE in the Han Chinese population, and may play an important role in the development of lupus nephritis.
RETRACTED: Pain predicts poorer health-related quality of life in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort study
Authors: Li Ji , Jones Jordan T. , Donnelly Catherine , Cunningham Natoshia , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita , Brunner Hermine I.
Published: December 2017

At the request of the Journal’s Editor, the Publisher and the authors, the following article has been retracted.

Li J, Jones JT, Donnelly C, Cunningham N, Kashikar-Zuck S and Brunner HI. Pain predicts poorer health-related quality of life in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort study. Journal of International Medical Research. Epub ahead of print 6 December 2017. DOI: 10.1177/0300060517732486.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0300060517732486

The article has been retracted from Journal of International Medical Research because the co-authors of the paper had not consented to the paper’s submission for publication, and because the paper does not present the complete findings of the authors’ research.

The corresponding author, Dr Li, submitted the paper with fraudulent contact details for his co-authors and without their consent to submit. Furthermore, the paper made use of an incomplete measurement scale that did not accurately reflect the complete findings of the study, which found other significant variables affected the value of using pain to measure the health-related quality of life of lupus patients.

The complete findings of the study are presented in another paper published by the same authors:

Donnelly C, Cunningham N, Jones JT, Li J, Brunner HI and Kashikar-Zuck S. Fatigue and depression predict reduced health-related quality of life in childhood-onset lupus. Lupus 2017; 27: 124–133.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0961203317716317
Multi-body dynamics co-simulation of hoisting wire rope
Authors: Huang Qing , Li Zhi , Xue Hong-qian
Published: December 2017

As more wire ropes with complex construction are used in the hoisting system of a crane, it becomes more necessary to predict the risks of the hoisting operation. Especially the wire rope, dynamic analysis is required to manage the potential risk in advance. Thus, in this article, a co-simulation method based on multi-body dynamics and finite element method is proposed to determine the dynamic responses of a hoisting system and wire rope. We developed a dynamic model of hoisting system based on ADAMS/Cable to formulate the time history response of dynamic force on wire rope, which could be used as the loading condition in the posterior finite element model. A three-dimensional geometric model for the multi-layered strands wire rope with a construction of 1+7+7 / 7+14 wires is implemented in the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, and both static and dynamic analyses are presented. The static analysis result of force–strain relation is compared with several experiment data, and the finite element model is proved accurate and reliable. In the latter case, the force–time curves obtained by dynamic model are imported to finite element model as loading condition to accomplish dynamic analysis. The co-simulation results of hoisting wire rope’s behavior subjected to dynamic loading during the hoisting process are carried out and discussed. The stress distribution and stress spectrum of wire rope are obtained, and the results show that the most dangerous regions are the lateral side of wire rope, especially the contact area of two wires in strands.
Does strategic planning determine innovation in organizations? A study of Indian SME sector
Authors: Batra Safal , Sharma Sunil , Dixit Mukund R , Vohra Neharika
Published: December 2017

While some researchers argue that strategic planning assists new product development and can be viewed as a framework for innovation, others believe that it restricts creativity and innovation. Despite a literary appreciation that strategic planning is linked to innovation, the nature of this relationship remains ambiguous. In this study, we argue that this relationship is context dependent and contingent on other organizational factors. Data for this study were collected by administering standardized survey questionnaires to entrepreneurs or other senior executives of small and medium businesses in India. Quantitative analysis of data obtained from 162 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector reveals a positive relationship between strategic planning and innovation. This study also establishes a significant positive moderating role of commitment to learning on the relationship between strategic planning and innovation. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Implementation of a Goal-Directed Mechanical Ventilation Order Set Driven by Respiratory Therapists Improves Compliance With Best Practices for Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Radosevich Misty A. , Wanta Brendan T. , Meyer Todd J. , Weber Verlin W. , Brown Daniel R. , Smischney Nathan J. , Diedrich Daniel A.
Published: December 2017

Purpose:

Data regarding best practices for ventilator management strategies that improve outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are readily available. However, little is known regarding processes to ensure compliance with these strategies. We developed a goal-directed mechanical ventilation order set that included physician-specified lung-protective ventilation and oxygenation goals to be implemented by respiratory therapists (RTs). We sought as a primary outcome to determine whether an RT-driven order set with predefined oxygenation and ventilation goals could be implemented and associated with improved adherence with best practice.

Methods:

We evaluated 1302 patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (1693 separate episodes of invasive mechanical ventilation) prior to and after institution of a standardized, goal-directed mechanical ventilation order set using a controlled before-and-after study design. Patient-specific goals for oxygenation partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (Pao 2), ARDS Network [Net] positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]/fraction of inspired oxygen [Fio 2] table use) and ventilation (pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide) were selected by prescribers and implemented by RTs.

Results:

Compliance with the new mechanical ventilation order set was high: 88.2% compliance versus 3.8% before implementation of the order set ( P < .001). Adherence to the PEEP/Fio 2 table after implementation of the order set was significantly greater (86.0% after vs 82.9% before, P = .02). There was no difference in duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and in-hospital or ICU mortality.

Conclusions:

A standardized best practice mechanical ventilation order set can be implemented by a multidisciplinary team and is associated with improved compliance to written orders and adherence to the ARDSNet PEEP/Fio 2 table.
The Evolving Role of Long-Term Pharmacotherapy for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Patients Being Treated for Noncancer Pain
Authors: Bowers Brandi L. , Crannage Andrew J.
Published: December 2017

Nationally, the prescription of opioids for acute and chronic pain is increasing. As opioid use continues to expand and become of increased concern for health-care practitioners, so do the adverse effects and long-term management of those effects. Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) presents a unique challenge because tolerance does not develop to this particular adverse effect, making chronic pain management a delicate balance between relieving pain and preventing long-term adverse effects such as constipation and dependence. Several agents have been developed for the treatment of OIC in patients with chronic noncancer pain on the basis of short-term studies of 12 weeks or less. However, chronic pain management often extends beyond this 12-week boundary, resulting in health-care professionals questioning the safety and efficacy of continued treatment with OIC agents. This review evaluates available literature on long-term treatment of OIC in patients with chronic noncancer pain with lubiprostone, naloxegol, and methylnaltrexone as well as preliminary results of the recently completed naldemedine long-term trial, COMPOSE-3.
Innovation enables shale development
Authors: Teff Cody
Published: December 2017

The development of tight rock hydrocarbon resources, also known as shales or unconventional reservoirs, has been enabled by the combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. These techniques are described. Shales have required this innovation for the hydrocarbons to be developed: the reason for this is discussed.
How Dehumanization Influences Attitudes toward Immigrants
Authors: Utych Stephen M.
Published: December 2017

Immigrants, as a group, are frequently described in ways, such as vermin or disease, that portray them as less than human. This type of dehumanizing language leads to negative emotional responses and negative attitudes toward the dehumanized group. This paper examines how the dehumanization of immigrants influences immigration policy attitudes. I use original experimental data to show that dehumanization leads to more negative immigration attitudes. I further find that these negative attitudes are mediated by the role of emotion. Dehumanization increases anger and disgust toward immigrants, which causes anti-immigrant sentiment.
Breaking the Cycle, Cholesterol Cycling, and Synapse Damage in Response to Amyloid-β
Authors: Bate Clive
Published: December 2017

Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers, a key driver of pathogenesis in Alzheimer disease, bind to cellular prion proteins (PrPC) expressed on synaptosomes resulting in increased cholesterol concentrations, movement of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) to lipid rafts and activation of cPLA2. The formation of Aβ-PrPC-cPLA2 complexes was controlled by the cholesterol ester cycle. Thus, Aβ activated cholesterol ester hydrolases which released cholesterol from stores of cholesterol esters; the increased cholesterol concentrations stabilised Aβ-PrPC-cPLA2 complexes. Conversely, cholesterol esterification reduced cholesterol concentrations causing the dispersal of Aβ-PrPC-cPLA2. In cultured neurons, the cholesterol ester cycle regulated Aβ-induced synapse damage; inhibition of cholesterol ester hydrolases protected neurons, whereas inhibition of cholesterol esterification increased the Aβ-induced synapse damage. Here, I speculate that a failure to deactivate signalling pathways can lead to pathology. Consequently, the esterification of cholesterol is a key factor in the dispersal of Aβ-induced signalling platforms and synapse degeneration.
Global sport and consumer culture: An introduction
Authors: Giulianotti Richard , Numerato Dino
Published: December 2017

This paper introduces the Special Issue of the Journal of Consumer Culture on the theme of ‘Global Sport and Consumer Culture'. We begin by briefly setting out how the interrelations of global sport and consumer culture have intensified through three historical stages: first, a ‘take-off' phase from the late 19th century to the mid-1940s; second, an ‘integrative and expansionist' phase from the late 1940s to the late 1980s; third, a ‘transnational hyper-commodification' phase from the early 1990s onwards. We argue that contemporary global consumer sport is underpinned by five ‘large-scale transnational processes', which are globalization, commodification, securitization, mediatization, and postmodernization. We explore how a variety of substantive themes subsequently emerge within global consumer sport, which are diversely referenced by the papers in this special issue; these themes include social structures and divisions, celebrity culture, the making of sport consumers, and the glocal aspects of global consumer sport. We conclude by outlining the contents of the seven papers contained within this Special Issue.
Filling the Amendment Tree: Majority Party Control, Procedures, and Polarization in the U.S. Senate
Authors: Chaturvedi Neilan S.
Published: December 2017

Harry Reid is often lauded by fellow Democrats as one of the most powerful Senate Majority leaders in modern history. One tactic that he used to usher in legislation was a parliamentary procedure known as “Filling the Amendment Tree.” Amendment trees are diagrams that demonstrate the amendment process for legislation, but Reid often limited the number of amendments that could be offered on a piece of legislation using this procedure. From the majority’s perspective, this procedure helps usher in legislation and protects vulnerable moderates from having to vote on controversial legislation. Still, others argue that the restrictive procedure limited the ability of moderate Democrats to distinguish themselves from their party leadership, making them vulnerable to attacks. In this article, I find that filling the amendment tree did not limit moderate Democrats from proposing amendments. In fact, although moderate Republicans shied away from the process of filing amendments in protest, there was no statistical relationship between ideology and the number of amendments filed for Democrats. Still, upon examination of voting data, the use of the procedure homogenized the voting records of moderate Democrats in the 112th and 113th Congresses. Furthermore, it forced moderate Republicans to vote more often with the Democrats in each of the Congresses in which Reid employed the procedure.
Inhibition of Pol I Transcription a New Chance in the Fight Against Cancer
Authors: Hein Nadine , Hannan Kathrine M. , D'Rozario James , Hannan Ross
Published: December 2017

While new cancer treatments continue to improve patient outcomes, for some cancers there have been limited or no improvements for a long time. It is for these cases radically new approaches are required. Recent publications proposing ribosome biogenesis, in particular RNA polymerase I transcription, as a suitable target for cancer treatment has been gaining momentum. For example, we demonstrated that CX-5461, a specific RNA polymerase I transcription inhibitor, is effective in treating an aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, regardless of p53 status. Notably, CX-5461 reduces the leukemia initiating/stem cells, the cell population believed to be responsible for chemotherapy resistance and disease relapse in numerous cancers. Targeting ribosome biogenesis, once considered merely a “housekeeping process,” is showing promise in a continuously growing list of cancers including lymphoma, prostate, and now acute myeloid leukemia. Evidence suggests the therapeutic efficacy of RNA polymerase I therapy in preclinical models is mediated through a variety of mechanisms including nucleolar stress activation of p53, DNA damage-like activation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated/ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3 related, and cellular differentiation. Overall, the available data suggests the potential for targeting ribosome biogenesis to be effective in a broad spectrum of cancers. The outcomes of 2 phase 1/2 trials of CX-5461 in hematological malignancies and breast cancer are eagerly awaited.
The Gender Risk–Severity Paradox for Alcohol Use Disorder From Adolescence Through Young Adulthood
Authors: Foster Katherine T. , Hicks Brian M. , Durbin C. Emily , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt
Published: December 2017

A large proportion of the public health costs of alcohol use disorder (AUD) can be accounted for by a small percentage of severe cases with a chronic course starting in adolescence and persisting into adulthood. However, chronicity may be a less effective marker of AUD severity in women than men due to a gender risk–severity paradox, wherein comparable levels of risk exposure yield more co-occurring problems for women than men with AUD. To model this paradox, we compared trajectories of alcohol and drug use problems, depression symptoms, and antisocial behavior from ages 17 to 29 in men and women with a persistent, desistent, or no history of AUD. Problems followed a quadratic trajectory (i.e., increases followed by decreases), with gender and AUD chronicity moderating age-related change. Specifically, persistent and desistent courses differentiated the severity of problems more effectively in men while chronicity had less utility for differentiating AUD severity in women.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection With Percutaneous Needling for Recalcitrant Lateral Epicondylitis: Comparison of Tenotomy and Fenestration Techniques
Authors: Gaspar Michael P. , Motto Michael A. , Lewis Sarah , Jacoby Sidney M. , Culp Randall W. , Lee Osterman A. , Kane Patrick M.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a common debilitating condition, with numerous treatment options of varying success. An injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to improve LE, although it is unclear whether the method of needling used in conjunction with a PRP injection is of clinical importance.

Purpose:

To determine whether percutaneous needle tenotomy is superior to percutaneous needle fenestration when each is combined with a PRP injection for the treatment of recalcitrant LE.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 93 patients with recalcitrant LE were treated with a PRP injection and percutaneous needle fenestration (n = 45) or percutaneous needle tenotomy (n = 48) over a 5-year study interval. Preoperative patient data, including visual analog scale for pain (VAS-P), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), and Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) scores and grip strength, were obtained from a chart review and compared with postoperative values obtained prospectively. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of complications, need for additional interventions, return to work, and patient satisfaction.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 40 months, significant improvements in VAS-P (mean, –6.1; 95% CI, –6.8 to –5.5; P < .0001), QuickDASH (mean, –46; 95% CI, –52 to –40; P < .0001), and PRTEE (mean, –57; 95% CI, –64 to –50; P < .0001) scores and grip strength (mean, +6.1 kg; 95% CI, 4.9 to 7.3; P < .0001) were observed across the entire study cohort, with no significant differences noted between the fenestration and tenotomy groups. Nine of 45 patients (22%) underwent additional procedures to treat recurrent symptoms in the fenestration group compared with 5 of 48 patients (10%) in the tenotomy group ( P = .05). No complications occurred in any patients, and no patients expressed dissatisfaction with their treatment course.

Conclusion:

A PRP injection with concomitant percutaneous needling is an effective treatment for recalcitrant LE, with sustained improvements in pain, strength, and function demonstrated at a mean follow-up of longer than 3 years. Although the method of concomitant needling does not appear to have a significant effect on treatment outcomes, more aggressive needle tenotomy is less likely to require conversion to open tenotomy than needle fenestration in the short term to midterm.