bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Attitude and Practice about Obesity and Its Complication in Rural Area of Lahore
Authors: Anwar Asma , Hussain Muhammad , Sarwar Hajra , Afzal Muhammad , Gilani Syed Amir
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The population has not been investigated extensively about understanding and perception about obesity and its complications. The aim of the study was to investigate the understanding, recognition and practice between overall population in the selected areas of Lahore related to obesity and its complications. Methods: The descriptive study which involved 100 respondents. The respondents from Hussain Abad Lahore were conveniently approached and recruited. A pre-approved, questionnaire was used for data accumulation. SPSS version 20 was used both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: From Out of the total 100 participants, 53% were females and 47% were males. Almost the half Participant 45% was in the age of 35years. Nearly 91% respondents don’t have idea about normal body mass index of adults. While 89% participants don’t know hormonal problems can lead the obesity. However 51% participants know that obesity can lead the heart problems. . Just about 52% participants were agreeing that when the person consumes extra calories than the individual burns obesity can occurs. 44% participants were agreed that psychological factors can influence the eating habits and obesity more over 36% are agreed that junk food takers are more susceptible to obesity. Only 3% participant checks their Body Mass Index (BMI) level. 26% change their eating habits, physical activity in order to maintain their physique and 11% takes of junk food. Conclusion: The respondents were more careful that obesity happens when a man expends a bigger number of calories than a man devours it. However the respondents know about obesity and its entanglements to some degree, their preparation towards weight isn't general which ought to be investigated later on for better human administrations, and prosperity comes about. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 187-191
Challenges and Opportunities of Microfinance in Nepal
Authors: Karn Santosh Kumar
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the paper is to highlight the opportunities and challenges faces the microfinance sector in Nepal. Many developmental programs implemented in Nepal, microfinance programs have a strong rural orientation and are targeted at the poor. Numerous challenges are ahead of this sector like lack of accessibility, unhealthy competition, seasonal migration, political unawareness, excluding vulnerable groups, threatening the financial discipline, resource constraints, low level of knowledge. of micro finance institutions (MFIs) etc. On the other hand, the rapid increase in poverty in Nepal, along with other opportunities, is paving way for the growth of this sector and offering a huge market potential for microfinance. On this basis the sector presents a lot of opportunities such as: stimulating growth of economy, women empowerment, increasing volume, accessibility and outreach, economics of scope etc.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 72-75
Al-Qira'ah al-Shadzah and Its Influence on Language Orientation
Authors: Khairuddin Khairuddin
Published: September 2018

This study aims to describe Qira'ah Shadzah and its role in continuity the dialect of Arabic, especially the verses related to Qira'ah Shadzah contained in chapter Al-Imran. This study used descriptive-normative and comparative methods. The results show that Qira'ah Shadzah made an important contribution in maintaining the continuity of Arab dialect. This is derived from the observation of some Qira'ah Shadzah because there is a change of vowel, such as the transfer from fathah to dhamma, from kasrah to dhamma, from fathah to kasrah, or from dhamma to kasrah. These changes show that Arab customs differ between desert people and civilized people. Where civilized people more often use fathah and kasrah because both are symbols of meekness, while on the other hand desert people prefer to use the dhammah which is a hard and rough symbol.
Dynamic MLC Tracking Using 4D Lung Tumor Motion Modelling and EPID Feedback
Authors: Rostampour N , Jabbari K , Nabavi Sh , Mohammadi M , Esmaeili M
Published: September 2018

Background: Respiratory motion causes thoracic movement and reduces targeting accuracy in radiotherapy.Objective: This study proposes an approach to generate a model to track lung tumor motion by controlling dynamic multi-leaf collimators.Material and Methods: All slices which contained tumor were contoured in the 4D-CT images for 10 patients. For modelling of respiratory motion, the end-exhale phase of these images has been considered as the reference and they were analyzed using neuro-fuzzy method to predict the magnitude of displacement of the lung tumor. Then, the predicted data were used to determine the leaf motion in MLC. Finally, the trained algorithm was figured out using Shaper software to show how MLCs could track the moving tumor and then imported on the Varian Linac equipped with EPID.Results: The root mean square error (RMSE) was used as a statistical criterion in order to investigate the accuracy of neuro-fuzzy performance in lung tumor prediction. The results showed that RMSE did not have a considerable variation. Also, there was a good agreement between the images obtained by EPID and Shaper for a respiratory cycle.Conclusion: The approach used in this study can track the moving tumor with MLC based on the 4D modelling, so it can improve treatment accuracy, dose conformity and sparing of healthy tissues because of low error in margins that can be ignored. Therefore, this method can work more accurately as compared with the gating and invasive approaches using markers.
PEMANFAATAN BIOCHAR SEKAM DAN KOMPOS JERAMI PADI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADI (Oryza sativa) PADA TANAH ORDO ULTISOL
Authors: HERMAN WELLY , RESIGIA ELARA
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

 

The aim of this study were (1) to determine the effect of rice husk biochar and rice straw compost on growth and production rice (Oryza sativa) and (2) to determine the ability of rice husk biochar and rice straw compost in providing nutrients to Ultisol. The research was carried out February – July 2018 in Sungai Abang Village, Lubuk Alung Regency, Padang Pariaman. Research applied Random Group Design with  5 treatment : 0% Rice husk biochar + 0% Rice straw compost, 100% Rice husk biochar + 0% Rice straw compost, 75% Rice husk biochar + 25% Rice straw compost, 50% Biochar rice husk + 50% Rice straw compost and 25% Rice husk biochar + 75% Rice straw compost. Observations were made on soil and crops including initial soil analyzes ie before treatment was given, soil analysis after incubation, and final soil analysis (pH, N-total, P-available, K-dd, Ca-dd, Mg-dd and Sulfur) and plant observations include plant height, the  productive of tiller, total of tiller  and weight of grain per hectare. From the research that has been done can be concluded (1) the use of rice husk biochar and rice straw compost affect the growth and production of rice plants seen in the treatment of 75% rice husk biochar + 25% Rice Straw rice husk biochar with the number of productive tillers of 29 tillers and production of rice plants as much as 8,238 tons / ha and (2) the use of rice husk biochar and rice straw compost is able to provide nutrients in Ultisol indicated by increasing pH, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S.
Introvertierte Imperialismen und ein angstgeplagter Hegemon
Authors: Narr Wolf-Dieter
Published: September 2018

What has been called "The Age of Empire" (Hobsbawm) is out of date. The specificities of colonial exploitation and domination of fundamentally premodern countries (not yet "states", let alone capitalized nation-states) by the foremost European powers have still quite some impact, but they don't correspond to the present stages of world wide capitalist accumulation. Is the term imperialism therefore out of date too? In this article it will be argued - together with authors like the late Harry Magdoff and James Petras for instance - that the term imperialism implies quite some advantages to the vague and aseptic term globalization. First, it is a critical term, which demonstrates the close linkage between the global capitalization, the formation of inequality and domination. Second, it is much more precise, as it shows the dynamic tendencies of capitalist expansion and its intensification at the same time. If one persuades oneself and the reader, that the term imperialism can fulfil an necessary analytical function, than one has to make sure that the meaning (or" aura") of it has to be modified quite considerably. In the main parts of this article, which proceeds in a historical manner, the arguments circle around a new qualification imperialism as "Introverted imperialism". The historical and systematic starting point is the closing of the world marked as an internally directed marked.
Die Demontage der multilateralen Wirtschaftsordnung durch die Dritte Welle des Regionalismus
Authors: Dieter Heribert
Published: September 2018

Economic multilateralism is at risk. Both the World Trade Organisation and the International Monetary Fund are undermined by competing regimes at the regional level. Bilateralism in trade is particularly mushrooming and might flourish further after the brealcdown of talks in Cancun. Especially the USA are organising their trading relations outside the WTO. These new regimes both undermine multilateralism as well as strengthen the more powerful nations. Developing countries are once again at the receiving end.
Von Hartz zur Agenda 2010
Authors: Brütt Christian
Published: September 2018

In the beginning of their term the Red-Green German Government has resolved to adapt overall policy up to the model (Leitbild) of an "activating welfare state". By means of the recent labour market and social policy reforms according to "Hartz-Commission" and "Agenda 2010" we can see the effects of this Leitbild: a roll back of social rights in favour of individual responsibilities and duties and a redefinition of workers to customers.
Was ist ein Ghetto? Konstruktion eines soziologischen Konzepts
Authors: Wacquant Loïc
Published: September 2018

Altbough the social sciences have made extensive use of the term "ghetto" as a descriptive term, they have failed to forge a robust analytical concept of the same. This article constructs a relational concept of the ghetto as a Janus-faced instrument of ethnoracial closure and control. A ghetto is an social-organizational device composed of four elements (stigma, constraint, spatial confinement, and institutional encasement) that employs space to reconcile the two antinomic purposes of economic exploitation and social ostracization.
Zur Lage der bürgerlichen Demokratie in Deutschland
Authors: Lessenich Stephan
Published: September 2018

Contemporary welfare states are confronted with what may be called a new "social question": How should and can welfare losses be distributed among the population of an affiuent society? The article claims that social policy-makers in Germany try to solve this problem by inciting and reproducing the middle classes' envy of all those who are said to undeservedly profit from collective solidarity. In a sense, the widespread fear of "too much" democracy and individualism, identified by Max Weber almost a century ago, is being revived under new circumstances. (And nobody - Max Weber not being with us anymore - seems to care.)
Editorial: Ressourcenkonflikte
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: September 2018

Editorial: Ressourcenkonflikte
Die falsche Antwort auf die amerikanische Frage
Authors: Gill Stephen
Published: September 2018

The article replies to the text of Immanuel Wallerstein published in PROKLA 133 (Dec. 2003), where Wallerstein argued that the end of American hegemony was imminent. Wallerstein’s reading of recent world history and his depiction of the trajectory and movement of social forces in the emerging world order is fundamentally criticised: His analysis is much too speculative and ignores fundamental and structural aspects of American power, including strategic capabilities, and their links to transnational political and class formations.
Abstieg West durch Aufbau Ost?
Authors: Busch Ulrich
Published: September 2018

14 years after the German unification East Germany is one of the largest European problem areas. Loss of population, economic stagnation and the dependence on transfers from the West determine the situation. With the expansion of the EU, East Germany can become the German mezzogiorno. In this situation a group of experts demands radical measures form the federal government. But these measures will worsen the living conditions in East Germany, which are already very different to those in West Germany.
Das dezentrale Lagersystem für Flüchtlinge
Authors: Pieper Tobias
Published: September 2018

It's possible to see the accommodation of estimated 600.000 refugees in Germany as a decentralised camp-system. Coming from a definition of this system, the historical conditions of emergence are described as a willing social devaluation and a way to supply workforce. So the economical embedding and function of the decentralised campsystem will be analysed. Here for the ethnical layers of the labour market are described in their regular and irregular segments. As a result the decentralized camp-system can be seen as embedded in the present relations of production as reservoir of regular workers in the Bundesländern of high prosperity. At the same time it works as a hinge to the irregular segments of the ethnically layered labour market. At the end the ideological function of the refugee as prototype of the neoliberal worker will be discussed.
Elitehochschulen - die soziale Selektion ist entscheidend
Authors: Hartmann Michael
Published: September 2018

The main effect of elite universities is a sharp social selection. At Universities like Harvard or the ENA in France, where the elites are educated and formed, the great majority of the Students carne from the upper classes. Though there will be no elite universities like Harvard in Germany for the next decades the discussion about it have serious effects. It accelerates and standardizes the processes of change at the German universities. Through the introduction of entrance examinations and tuition fees and the concentration of the public funds on a few universities a strong hierarchy of universities with a sharp social selection at the top will be established in the next 10 years.
Der globale Bildungsmarkt
Authors: Hartmann Eva
Published: September 2018

The regional and international initiatives on quality assurance, accreditation and recognition can be seen as part of current efforts to create a global service economy. While the Neo-Grarnscian approach offers a thorough analysis of the current restructuring of global power relations, its conceptual wealmess becomes evident when one looks at the institutional setting of the current changes in general, and the international initiatives on quality assurance in particular. Ail these initiatives are taking place outside the international organizations that are described by the Neo-Grarnscians as the core of the new constitutionalism. However, the initiatives can hardly be tal<en as an indication of an emerging counter-hegemony directed against the hegemony of the transnational class fraction. The main argument of the article is that these initiatives are in fact crucial for sustaining the global hegemony of this fraction.
Traumberuf Lehrer? Ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Burghardt Ferdinand
Published: September 2018

Taking himself as an example the author describes the working life of a teacher (at a West-German Gymnasium) in some detail. He tries to put his own experiences into a larger context by reflecting on the functions of school in society and on current educational politics. The author comes to the conclusion that not only the learning conditions of pupils but also the working conditions of teachers are in need of improvement, and he shows how these two aspects are interrelated.
Ölreserven und Ölinteressen. Wie glaubwürdig sind die Angaben zu den weltweiten Örlreserven?
Authors: Kutter Karin
Published: September 2018

Many studies, like the influential BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2004, notice a worlwide growth of oil-reserves. But there are many reasons to mistrust the official data: They use their own questionable definitions of "oil reserves", mixing conventional and unconventional reserves. Moreover the growth of oil-reserves, which is shown in the statistics, is based more or less on a reassesment of the existing but not on a discovery of new oil-fields. Due to these deceptive practices, the "Assosiation for the Study of Peak Oil" has published a new study with the result that it can find only 780 billion barrels of proved oil worldwide, instead of the 1147,7 billion barrels that BP claims in its statistics.
André Gunder Frank (1929-2005)
Authors: Dos Santos Theotonio
Published: September 2018

Nachruf
Über die Gründe global zunehmender Armut und Ungleichheit – oder warum der „Matthäus Effekt“ vorherrscht
Authors: Wade Robert Hunter
Published: September 2018

A widespread neoliberal argument tells us, that increasing globalisation has caused a considerable decrease in world poverty during the last two decades. In the article it is shown, that this result depends on the method of measurement, and on the countries which are considered as “globalisers”. In contrast to such doubtful results, it is argued that the structures of world economy and the “primacy project” of the USA support increasing global inequality, a worldwide “Matthew Effect”, ‘to him that hath, shall be given’.
Was für eine Europäische Verfassung?
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: September 2018

The problem of a European Constitution is discussed at a fundamental level. In which way, can we speak about such a Constitution? Thearticle argues against the “postnational souveranism”, legitimating state against citizens. A new kind of citizenship is favoured based on extended social rights. The constitution now proposed contrarily makes the European Central Bank and its neoliberal policy to central and nearly unchangeable institution.
Migration Theoretisieren
Authors: Kraler Albert , Parnreiter Christof
Published: September 2018

The article gives a review and critical discussion of contemporary theories of migration. It investigates the political and social reasons for theorizing migration, the different contexts, which were important for the emerging approaches. Although this branch of research is so strongly influenced, the authors observe certain progress in migration theories.
Jenseits von Autonomie und Kontrolle
Authors: Benz Martina , Schwenken Helen
Published: September 2018

The dominant view of political scientists on the increase of irregular migration is to diagnose the failure of migration control. Anti-racist theorists also question the nation state’s capability of controlling its borders, but they stress the productive power of the migrants (“autonomy of miration”). This contribution argues against simplifications: while the first concept focuses on state policies only, the second one tends to praise a masculinized autonomous subject. The authors argue for a more differentiated concept of the Eigensinn of migration.
Transmigration und Kapitalismus
Authors: Bernstein Julia
Published: September 2018

Based on an ethnographical study the article presents the problems of Soviet migrants with capitalistic every day life. The reaction of the migrants and the role of their imagination of capitalism, which was formed by different sources in the former Soviet Union, is investigated.
Bürgerliche Revolution, Staatsbildung und die Abwesenheit des Internationalen
Authors: Teschke Benno
Published: September 2018

This article traces the Marxist debate on the concept of ‘bourgeois revolution’ and criticises attempts within orthodox Marxism to salvage the concept in the face of the historiographical revisionist critique. It then introduces into the Anglo-American tradition of Political Marxism and argues that while scholars of this orientation have presented a powerful renewal of Marxism and re-interpretation of late medieval and early modern history, they have failed to systematically incorporate international relations into their reconstructions of early modern revolutions and state-formations. The article demonstrates how the international played a crucial role in shaping the respective trajectories of national developments, exemplified with reference to England and France, and concludes by arguing the case for a theoretical re-integration of the role of international relations into Marxist Historical Sociology.
China und Lateinamerika
Authors: Dussel Peters Enrique
Published: September 2018

China's socioeconomic accumulation in the last 30 years has been probably one of the most outstanding global developments and has resulted in massive new challenges for core and periphery countries. The article examines how China's rapid and massive integration to the world market has posed new challenges for countries such as Mexico - and most of Latin America - as a result of China's successful exportoriented industrialization. China's accumulation and global integration process does, however, not only question and challenges the export-possibilities in the periphery, but also the global inability to provide energy in the medium term.
Die zerstörerische Schöpfung
Authors: Altvater Elmar
Published: September 2018

Starting with Marx’s considerations about the double nature of capitalist development as bringing forward civilization and at the same time undermining civilization, recent developments of capitalism are discussed. Destructive forms of “primitive accumulation” and “accumulation by dispossession” are not elements of a past period of capitalism, they are always present. By disembedding markets from social regulations, instead of the Schumpterian process of “creative destruction”, a dangerous process of “destructive creation” is accelerated, which can only be stopped by opposite social movements.
Ökologie und Sozialismus – der Kampf von Chico Mendes
Authors: Löwy Michael
Published: September 2018

In his life-long fight the Brazilian caoutchouc worker Chico Mendes combined social and ecological claims. He successfully organised workers. In December 1988 he was murdered by order of the latifundistas.
Neoliberalismus, Globalisierung und der Kampf um „Ökologische Gerechtigkeit“
Authors: Faber Daniel
Published: September 2018

in the To sustain higher profits in the new global economy, US-American capitalism is adopting increasingly unsustainable forms of production. But not all citizens bear the “externalized” social and ecological costs of American business equally. The working poor and discriminated ethnic groups suffer much more than others by this unsustainable forms of production. A growing movement for Environmental Justice combines social and ecological claims. But it will have to attack not only the distribution of the pollution and the danger but also the capitalist form of its production.
Was ist heute noch links?
Authors: Ladwig Bernd
Published: September 2018

Traditionally left thinking hat its centre in equality, while right thinking stresses freedom. Here an approach of radical equality of chances is discussed. A “social-liberal” position is favoured and political consequences are drawn like strong interventions in the law of inheritance or the right to a fair share of paid labour.
„Race to the bottom”? Die Dynamik der Konkurrenzbeziehungen in der erweiterten Europäischen Union
Authors: Bohle Dorothee
Published: September 2018

Over the last decades, competitiveness has become the major driving force of European integration. The EU polity has gained significant influence in reshaping domestic policies and institutions towards a more market oriented path. The supranational constraints on nation states are reinforced by an increasing locational competition. Eastern enlargement of the EU is often said to reinforce the locational competition, and to ultimately lead the EU into a downward spiral of social and economic standards. This article proposes a more nuanced view. It shows that in contrast to the race to the bottom argument, it is not the neoliberal Baltic States that exert the strongest competitive pressure within the EU, but rather the Visegrad countries, who, with their interventionistic states and their comparatively generous welfare states, are closer to the current form of European capitalism.
Transformation, soziale Unsicherheit und der Aufstieg der Nationalkonservativen Kontrastfälle aus Zentralosteuropa
Authors: Becker Joachim
Published: September 2018

In both Poland and Slovakia, national conservative parties have recently formed or at least have been included in government. In contrast, national conservatism does not play a significant role in the Czech Republic where political life is polarised between national liberalism and left-wing parties. Reasons for the different trajectories can be found in differing transformation strategies and the role of progressive parties in these strategies.
Chancengleichheit und politischer Liberalismus – eine Perspektive für die Linke?
Authors: Demirović Alex
Published: September 2018

Seit der sozialliberalen Koalition der 1970er Jahre hat es keine relevante sozialliberale Strömung mehr in Deutschland gegeben. Ein entsprechendes politisches Projekt, wie es von Liberalen wie Werner Maihofer und Walter Scheel mit den Freiburger Thesen vorgeschlagen wurde, kam unter die Räder zunächst des Modells Deutschland von Helmut Schmidt und dann der Krisenbewältigungsstrategie der neokonservativ-neoliberalen Wende von Kohl und Lambsdorff. In der philosophischen Diskussion wurde ungleichzeitig zum realen Abbau des nationalen Wohlfahrtsstaates und seinem Umbau zu einem global ausgerichteten Wettbewerbs- und Netzwerkstaat der politische Liberalismus von John Rawls aufgegriffen und dieser Entwicklung entgegengestellt – wenig erfolgreich, wie man am Schicksal des politischen Liberalismus unter der Clinton- Administration und der rot-grünen Regierung in Deutschland beobachten konnte, die beide – und von liberalen Argumenten gestützt – erheblich zur Umverteilung nach oben und zur Verarmung beitrugen. Ohne Analyse dieses Scheiterns knüpft Bernd Ladwig dennoch an diese Tradition an und empfiehlt den Sozialliberalismus als einzig übrig gebliebene Option der Linken...
Die Ost-Erweiterung der EU
Authors: Carchedi Guglielmo
Published: September 2018

The recent expansion of the European Union to the Easter European countries was preceded by the 2004 Treaty of Nice through which the stronger countries retain their dominant position within the EU institutions also after the expansion. The traditional imperialist motives still play a role but the basic aim of this expansion is the enlargement of the Euro area within the context of the strife between the Euro and the dollar for international seignorage.
Internationale Transformationen des Staates
Authors: Picciotto Sol
Published: September 2018

The privatization of state-owned assets and the reduction of direct state economic intervention have not led to a reduced role of the state but to changes in its form, involving new types of formalized regulation, the fragmentation of the public sphere, the decentring of the state and the emergence of multi-level governance. This has been complemented by the increased salience of ‘private’ regulation. Despite talk of deregulation there has been extensive reregulation, and the emergence of global regulatory networks, intermingling the public and the private. The transition from government to governance means a lack of a clear hierarchy of norms, a blurring of distinctions between hard and soft law, and a fragmentation of public functions entailing a resurgence of technocracy.
Die Freie Universität Berlin vor dem Börsengang?
Authors: Zeuner Bodo
Published: September 2018

In his farewell lecture as professor of political science, Bodo Zeuner analyses the process of turning universities into businesses, taking as an example the Free University of Berlin which was ranked as the most entrepreneurial university of Germany in 2006. Turning academic institutions of research and learning into businesses means transforming them into profit-seeking companies, the commodification of their output, fostering ruinous competition among them, and the elimination of all forms of internal democracy and codetermination. As a "business model" project, it is full of inconsistencies. And while chances for resistance are available, they do not all point in the same direction.
Die Haut auf dem Markte
Authors: Becker Karina , Brinkmann Ulrich , Engel Thomas
Published: September 2018

Employees' health is a historically continuous object of exchange processes in capitalist formations. Even after establishing high standards of safety at work and health protection in the fordist age there are ongoing bargains with the commodity of labour including the implicit selling of health. The "shifting of market boundaries" is an explanatory approach analyzing the current changes of this bartering process. Instead of describing it as a one way perspective of anonymous "marketization" we stress the perspective of internal and external actors who are not determined by structures but who are involved in bargaining processes resulting in changes of markets as a mode of social coordination. Thus practice of resistance with regards to safety at work and health protection will be understandable.
Warum Irak?
Authors: Brenner Robert
Published: September 2018

If we look at the Iraq war in terms of the economic and geopolitical interests that drove US imperialism throughout the postwar epoch, the current adventure of the Bush administration in the middle east remains inexplicable. Instead, we have to understand the current US-foreign policy in the context of domestic class struggles and the emergence of the far right in the US.
PROSES BELAJAR: TANTANGAN DALAM PENELITIAN BIDANG PEMBANGUNAN PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Susanto Joko
Published: September 2018

Mulitmedia Interaktif adalah suatu medium yang menyediakan interaktivitas yang lebih luas bila dibandingkan dengan media lain. Salah satu bentuk dari interaktivitas yang disediakan oleh multimedia adalah learner control. Learner control adalah suatu kontrol yang memberikan keleluasaan bagi pengguna untuk menjelajahi isi dari multimedia. Ada 3 jenis learner control: content control, pace control, and display control. Adanya learner control memberikan suatu nilai tambah di dalam multimedia yakni memberikan pilihan bagi pengguna (personalize) sesuai dengan selera dan kemampuannya. Di dalam suatu multimedia , dengan adanya GUI (Graphical User Interface), mungkin saja suatu learner control telah tersedia secara inheren; tetapi akan lebih bermanfaat bagi pengguna bila learner control ini dirancang sejak awal sehingga learner control ini menyatu dengan materi yang diberikan. Tulisan ini mencoba membedah sedikit interaktivitas pada umumnya dan learner control pada khususnya serta mengkaji bagaimana penerapan learner control dalam suatu multimedia pembelajaran interaktif.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI WEB SEKOLAH
Authors: Patmanthara Syaad
Published: September 2018

Berbagai penemuan di bidang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah mengubah cara pandang manusia terhadap dunia termasuk di dalamnya dunia pendidikan. Peran serta teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam mendukung kegiatan dan aktivitas pembelajaran sehingga dapat mendukung sistem pendidikan dalam bentuk web sekolah yang nampaknya akan menjadi salah satu alternatif solusi bagi perkembangan kebutuhan pembelajaran di tanah air. Perubahan di era globalisasi sistem pendidikan dari yang sebelumnya bersifat manual dan konvensional, menjadi suatu sistem yang efektif dan efisien dengan dukungan teknologi informasi. Pengembangan Web sekolah akan mendukung proses pembelajaran berdasarkan teori pembebasan seperti â€œConstructivistâ€, yang telah merubah pola belajar â€œTeacherCentredâ€ menjadi â€œStudent-Centredâ€ dengan menciptakan budaya belajar mandiri siswa.
KECENDERUNGAN GLOBAL DAN REGIONAL DALAM PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI UNTUK PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Warsita Bambang
Published: September 2018

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK)Â  untuk pendidikan sekarang ini sudah menjadi keharusan yang tidak dapat ditunda-tunda lagi. Beberapa contoh pemanfaatan TIK untuk pendidikan dalam perspektif global, regional dan nasional antara lain: (1) ASEAN SchoolNet, (2) EdukasNet, (3) Global Distance EducationNet (GDNet), dan sebagainya. Pendidikan dewasa ini dan masa mendatang ditandai dengan berbagai kecenderungan yang terkait dengan globalisasi, internasionalisasi dan transnasionalisasi pendidikan, yaitu berkenaan dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat, tekanan perkembangan ekonomi, persoalan pemerataan dan perluasan akses serta tantangan untuk meningkatkan mutu, relevansi, daya saing, dan komitmen global dalam pendidikan. Kecenderungan global dan regional dalam pemanfaatan TIK untuk pendidikan masa depan akan lebih bersifat jaringan, terbuka dan dua arah, beragam, multidisipliner, serta terkait dengan produktifitas kerja dan kompetitif
PENDIDIKAN KEAKSARAAN DALAM PERSFEKTIF PSIKOLOGI SOSIAL
Authors: Sugarti Yuni
Published: September 2018

Jumlah kelompok buta aksara masih cukup signifikan. Ini adalah tantangan pendidikan nasional, apalagi melek huruf menjadi salah satu indikator Human Developmen Indek (HDI). Psikologi sosial yang dapat menjelaskan perilaku individu dan konteks sosial sangat diperlukan dalam proses pendidikan keaksaraan. Karakter utama kelompok buta aksara adalah orang dewasa dan miskin. Langkah awal pendidikan keaksaraan adalah membangkitkan motivasi mereka melalui materi yang bisa meningkatkan pendapatan dan kecakapan real hidup mereka. Selanjutnya dapat dibangun persepsi, motif, sikap, dan perilaku positif tentang pentingnya melek huruf di era global ini. Di sisi lain nilai-nilai empati, tanggungjawab sosial, atau norma keseimbangan bagi warga negara berkecukupan perlu dikembangkan kepada kelompok ini. Oleh karena itu pendidikan keaksaraan perlu ditangani secara terpadu dengan melibatkan pihak terkait.
PENGEMBANGAN BAKAT KREATIVITAS ANAK
Authors: Dirlanudin Dirlanudin
Published: September 2018

Pengembangan bakat kreativitas anak sering ditelantarkan dalam pendidikan formal, padahal amat bermakna bagi pengembangan potensi anak secara utuh dan bagi kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan serta seni budaya. Kreativitaslah yang memungkinkan manusia meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya. Sikap dan perilaku kreatif perlu dipupuk sejak dini, agar anak didik kelak tidak hanya menjadi konsumen pengetahuan, tetapi mampu menghasilkan pengetahuan baru, tidak hanya menjadi pencari kerja, tetapi mampu menciptakan pekerjaan baru. Dalam pengembangan kreativitas anak perlu peran sinergi dari orang tua, sekolah/guru dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Bimbingan dan konseling perlu bagi anak berbakat kreatif. Konselor perlu menemukenali potensi anak-anak kreatif ini dan memberi sistem dukungan serta model pembelajaran yang memupuk produktivitas kreatif mereka
PENYELENGGARAAN SIARAN TELEVISI UNTUK PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH KAJIAN HISTORIS
Authors: Siahaan Sudirman , Rivalina Rahmi
Published: September 2018

Pada awalnya, gagasan untuk menyelenggarakan siaran televisi yang khusus berkiprah di bidang pendidikan/pembelajaran dimulai dari kerjasama Pusat Teknologi Komunikasi Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Pustekkom) dengan UNICEF/UNESCO memproduksi program televisi pendidikan/ pembelajaran untuk ditayangkan melalui stasiun televisi yang ada. Program yang diproduksi adalah mengenai pengembangan watak anak-anak. Keberhasilan yang dicapai dilanjutkan dengan pengembangan film serial Aku Cinta Indonesia (ACI) yang ditayangkan setiap hari Minggu oleh stasiun TVRI Jakarta. Melalui kerjasama dengan pemerintah Australia, Belanda, dan Kanada, gagasan untuk menyelenggarakan siaran televisi pendidikan/pembelajaran secara perlahanlahan mulai mengarah jelas. Sumber daya dipersiapkan dan demikian juga dengan programprogram pendidikan/pembelajaran yang akan ditayangkan. Kerjasama terhenti namun perjuangan untuk penyelenggaraan siaran televisi pendidikan/pembelajaran tiada pernah berhenti. Perjuangan berikutnya adalah menjalin kerjasama dengan perusahaan swasta, PT. Cipta Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia (grup PT. Lamtoro Gung Persada) yang pada akhirnya berhasil mendirikan stasiun Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia (Stasiun TPI). Melalui stasiun TPI ditayangkanlah programprogram pendidikan/pembelajaran yang dikenal dengan Siaran Televisi Pendidikan Sekolah (STVPS). Kerjasama yang disepakati berlangsung selama 15 tahun ternyata hanya dapat bertahap selama 5 tahun. Pada tahun 1997, PT. Medicitra Indostar mendedikasikan satu saluran khusus pada satelit Cakrawarta-1 untuk penyelenggaraan siaran televisi pendidikan melalui satelit siaran langsung (SSL). Kegiatan ini juga ternyata tidak berlangsung lama. Pada tanggal 12 Oktober 2004, perjuangan untuk menyelenggarakan siaran televisi yang secara khusus berkiprah di bidang pendidikan/pembelajaran menuai hasil dengan dicanangkannya Siaran Televisi Edukasi (TVE) oleh Menteri Pendidikan Abdul Malik Fadjar. Siaran TVE yang diawali dengan mengudara selama 2 jam tayang setiap harinya, kini meningkat menjadi 24 jam setiap harinya sejak tahun 2009.
SEKOLAH MENENGAH TINGKAT PERTAMA TERBUKA (SMP TERBUKA) SEBAGAI BENTUK PENDIDIKAN YANG MERAKYAT
Authors: Siahaan Sudirman
Published: September 2018

Dalam kondisi perekonomian yang sulit, yang menjadi prioritas adalah bagaimana dapat bertahan hidup. Atau, yang menjadi prioritas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah makan atau urusan â€œperutâ€. Setiap orang berupaya dengan berbagai cara mendapatkan makanan. Yang dipentingkan adalah â€œperut kenyangâ€. Berbagai kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari lainnya cenderung disisihkan untuk sementara dan baru menjadi perhatian apabila perut sudah kenyang. Dalam kondisi yang demikian ini, aspek kesehatan dan pendidikan menjadi â€œkurang mendapat perhatianâ€. Penghasilan difokuskan untuk membuat â€œperutâ€ kenyang. Berbagai bentuk pengeluaran lainnya terpaksa ditunda atau ditekan menjadi seminimal mungkin. Di antara berbagai biaya pengeluaran lainnya yang dinilai sangat mendasar adalah memenuhi kebutuhan akan kesehatan dan pendidikan. Bagaimana menyekolahkan anak-anak apabila kondisi keuangan (a) tidak atau kurang mendukung, atau (b) hanya cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan makan sehari-hari? Sejalan dengan Wajib Belajar 9 Tahun, para orang tua seyogianya mengupayakan anak-anak mereka dapat menyelesaikan pendidikan 9 Tahun. Sekalipun kondisi masyarakat kurang menguntungkan secara finansial, namun anak-anak usia SMP sebenarnya masih dapat menyelesaikan pendidikan SMP, yaitu melalui Sekolah Menengah Pertama Terbuka (SMP Terbuka) yang tersebar di setiap propinsi. SMP Terbuka dikatakan sebagai bentuk pendidikan yang merakyat karena antara lain: (a) pendidikan yang mendatangi anak-anak, (b) anak-anak tetap dapat membantu orang tua mencari nafkah sehari-hari, (c) anak-anak tidak harus datang setiap hari belajar di SMP, (d) anak-anak tidak perlu memakai seragam, (e) orang tua tidak dibebani berbagai bentuk biaya pendidikan, dan (f) kegiatan pembelajaran mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan berbagai sumber belajar di lingkungan sekitar.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA PADA PENINGKATAN EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Warsita Bambang
Published: September 2018

Aplikasi praktis teknologi pembelajaran dalam pemecahan masalah pembelajaran mempunyai bentuk kongkrit yaitu strategi pembelajaran yang memudahkan peserta didik untuk belajar. Strategi pembelajaran ini merupakan proses memilih dan menyusun kegiatan pembelajaran dalam suatu unit pembelajaran seperti urutan, sifat materi, ruang lingkup materi, metode dan media yang paling sesuai untuk mencapai kompetensi pembelajaran. Pemilihan strategi pembelajaran yang tepat dapat memudahkan peserta didik dalam mencapai kompetensi atau tujuan pembelajaran. Peningkatan efektivitas pembelajaran dapat dilakukan dengan pemilihan strategi pembelajaran yang tepat. Memilih strategi pembelajaran hendaknya tidak dilakukan secara sembarangan, melainkan berdasarkan pada kriteria atau standar tertentu, misalnya tujuan belajar, materi, karakteristik peserta didik, tenaga kependidikan, waktu, atau biaya.
PERAN TEKNOLOGI MULTIMEDIA DALAM MENYAJIKAN KONSEP-KONSEP KIMIA PADA TINGKAT MAKROSKOPIS, MIKROSKOPIS, DAN SIMBOLIS
Authors: Arsani Ida Ayu Anom
Published: September 2018

Pemanfaatan teknologi multimedia dalam bidang pendidikan sangat menunjang efesiensi dan efektivitas proses belajar mengajar. Penggunaan multimedia dalam pendidikan dapat menggiring pebelajar ke dalam pengalaman multisensori untuk promosi belajar. Dalam bidang kimia, multimedia dimanfaatkan untuk menyajikan konsep-konsep kimia pada tingkat makroskopis, mikroskopis, dan simbolis. Multimedia dapat menjelaskan konsep-konsep abstrak melalui animasianimasi , sehingga, kimia yang dipandang oleh sebagian orang sebagai ilmu yang sulit dipahami, akan menjadi lebih mudah dipahami. Multimedia dapat mengkombinasikan suara, animasi, gambar, dan video secara bersamaan serta melibatkan semua panca inderanya dan mengembangkan gaya belajar yang disukainya. Salah satu hasil penelitian menemukan implikasi dari penggunaan multimedia dalam pembelajaran kimia yaitu mendorong pebelajar aktif, terorganisaasi, dan dapat mengintegrasikan informasi yang diperoleh untuk memahami konsepkonsep dan prinsip yang sulit serta dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS TIK TERHADAP ORANG DEWASA
Authors: Ariani Diana
Published: September 2018

Perkembangan jaman menuntut seseorang untuk terus aktif belajar. Proses pembelajaran yang terjadi bukan hanya milik peserta didik pada usia produktif melainkan juga dilakukan oleh peserta didik yang berasal dari orang dewasa. Salah satu pembelajaran yang dilakukan adalah proses pembelajaran berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK). Tujuan dari pembelajaran berbasis TIK terhadap orang dewasa adalah agar peserta didik mampu belajar menggunakan TIK sebagai media dan sumber belajar. Namun dikarenakan karakteristik orang dewasa dan kesalahan dalam proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan terkadang mengakibatkan pembelajaran berbasis TIK justru tidak mencapai tujuan karena peserta didik melakukan defence terhadap perangkat teknologi yang dipakai.
MEMBANGUN UNJ SEBAGAI ORGANISASI BELAJAR YANG UNGGUL
Authors: Khaerudin Khaerudin
Published: September 2018

Era informasi adalah era di mana segala sesuatu berkembang dan berubah dengan cepat. Suatu organisasi dituntut untuk terus mampu beradaptasi dan melakukan upaya peningkatan terusmenerus mengikuti irama perubahan lingkungan agar tetap bertahan (survive) dan mampu bersaing dengan organisasi lainnya. Sebagai suatu organisasi, Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) dituntut untuk mampu melakukan hal yang sama. Mengacu pada teori dan konsep organisasi belajar, makalah ini mengupas berbagai cara yang sebaiknya diterapkan oleh UNJ khususnya atau organisasi serupa lain pada umumnya agar tetap unggul di era global dewasa ini. Pembahasan meliputi konsep organisasi belajar dan cara yang sebaiknya ditempuh dari sisi (1) dinamika belajar yang dilakukan oleh anggota organisasi, baik sebagai individu, kelompok, maupun organisasi, (2) proses transformasi yang dilakukan menuju sebuah organisasi belajar yang diharapkan, (3) proses pemberdayaan sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki, baik dosen, karyawan, maupun mahasiswa, (4) proses manajemen pengetahuan sebagai roh dari sebuah organisasi belajar, dan (5) pemanfaatan teknologi untuk mendukung terjadinya berbagai perubahan untuk mengatasi dan mengantisipasi berbagai perubahan yang terjadi pada lingkungan yang akan mempengaruhi eksistensi UNJ.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN SAINS-TEKNOLOGI-MASYARAKAT (STM) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MOTOR BAKAR PADA MAHASISWA JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN POLITEKNIK NEGERI BALI
Authors: Darmawa I Putu
Published: September 2018

an penelitian ini untuk mengetahui: perbedaan hasil belajar motor bakar mahasiswa yang mengikuti pendekatan STM dengan hasil belajar motor bakar mahasiswa yang mengikuti pendekatan konvensional. Tujuan lainnya adalah ingin mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan hasil belajar motor bakar pada mahasiswa yang diajar menggunakan pendekatan STM dengan mahasiswa yang diajar menggunakan pendekatan konvensional setelah diadakan pengendalian terhadap variabel bakat mekanik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan menggunakan rancangan The Posttest-Only Control Group Design dengan melibatkan sample sebanyak 46 orang mahamahasiswa Politeknik Negeri Bali dan diambil secara random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes hasil belajar dan tes bakat mekanik. Data dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial yaitu analisis kovariansi (anakova) Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar motor bakar yang diajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan STM dengan pendekatan konvensional. Setelah bakat mekanik dikendalikan, ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar motor bakar yang diajar menggunakan pendekatan STM dengan pendekatan konvensional. Bakat mekanik tidak memberikan kontribusi terhadap efektivitas penerapan pendekatan STM dalam pembelajaran motor bakar
JABATAN FUNGSIONAL PENGEMBANG TEKNOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN (JF-PTP): APA DAN BAGAIMANA?
Authors: Siahaan Sudirman
Published: September 2018

Salah satu kebijakan Pemerintah yang terus-menerus disosialisasikan yang berkaitan dengan birokrasi adalah â€œramping struktur, kaya fungsiâ€. Berdasarkan kebijakan yang demikian ini, lembaga pemerintah secara berkelanjutan menerapkan perampingan atau penciutan struktur organisasi di satu sisi, tetapi di sisi yang lain menciptakan iklim yang kondusif bagi pengembangan berbagai jabatan fungsional. Beberapa di antara jabatan fungsional yang dibina oleh Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional (Kemdiknas) adalah mengenai: dosen, guru, pamong belajar, pengawas, dan pengembang teknologi pembelajaran. Jabatan Fungsional Pengembang Teknologi Pembelajaran (JF-PTP) adalah jabatan fungsional yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Negara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara (Menpan) melalui Peraturan Menpan Nomor PER/2/M.PAN/ 3/2009 tertanggal 10 Maret 2009. Dengan ditetapkannya JF-PTP diharapkan ada arah pengembangan karier yang jelas dan pasti bagi para lulusan program studi atau jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan/Pembelajaran dan program studi lainnya yang relevan dan mereka yang berkiprah di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan, pelatihan, atau lembaga pemerintah lainnya yang mengembangkan atau menerapkan teknologi pembelajaran. Demikian juga di sisi lainnya bagi perguruan tinggi, sekolah, lembaga pelatihan, dan lembaga-lembaga pendidikan lainnya yang mengembangkan atau menerapkan teknologi pembelajaran mempunyai dasar juridis dalam pengajuan kebutuhan formasi pegawai. Mengingat ketetapan tentang JF-PTP ini masih baru dan masih dalam tahap sosialisasi, maka tulisan ini juga dimaksudkan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk menyosialisasikan keberadaan Jabatan Fungsional Pengembang Teknologi Pembelaj
Editorial
Authors: Tim Redaksi Jurnal NFn
Published: September 2018

Jurnal Teknodik Volume 20 Nomor 2 edisi Desember 2016 dapat hadir kembali untuk para pembacasetia. Jurnal Teknodik edisi ini memuat 7 artikel yang berkaitan dengan teknologi pendidikan/pembelajaranmaupun pemanfaatanTeknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) untuk pendidikan/pembelajaran. Ketujuh artikelyang disajikan berikut ini meliputi hasil penelitian maupun kajian pada kawasan analisis, pengembangan,penerapan atau pemanfaatan, dan evaluasi model atau media pembelajaran inovatif berbasis TIK.Selamat membaca!
Kumpulan Abstrak
Authors: Tim Redaksi Jurnal NFn
Published: September 2018

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