Efficiency Improvement of the Process of Cleansing from Scale the Carp Carcass Cyprinus carpio with Ultrasonic Processing Use
Authors: Deinychenko Hryhorii , Chervonyi Vitalii , Kononykin Vitalii , Huzenko Vasyl , Omelchenko Оleksandr 
Published: December 2022

Topicality. The article presents data and substantiates the feasibility of ultrasonic processing use while cleansing the carcass of commercially caught pond fish from scale on the example of carp.
Purpose and methods. The aim of this research is to improve the process of cleansing carp Cyprinus carpio carcass from scale using ultrasonic processing by estimating the practical model that describes the relationship strength scale-skin fish. In the course of the study, analytical, theoretical and experimental methods have been applied, using control and measuring equipment of appropriate accuracy, standard methods for examining food raw materials, modern methods of mathematical statistics, correlation analysis, and computer technologies.
Results. Based on the results of experimental data evaluation, the theoretical dependence of the scale-skin bond strength on the mass of pond fish carcass has been confirmed. The conducted experimental studies made it possible to determine the strength of the scale-skin bond for pond fish carcass in the native and chilled states, and to calculate, based on the experimental data, the value of the k3 coefficient for carp. While using this, it becomes possible to calculate the strength of the scale-skin bond for carcass of any weight group in theoretical way. Experimental studies gave an opportunity to fix the change in the strength of the scale-skin bond for carp carcass of industrial catch in conditions of storage in a chilled form. This dimension was found to vary a little, and the scale-skin bond strength in the native state could be used in order to elaborate the specification for the scale removal device. The dynamics of changes in the strength of the scale-skin bond under the influence of ultrasonic processing of fish raw materials was determined. It was revealed that the greatest influence on the change in the scale-skin bond was exposed to ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 22 kHz. So, the use of the specified frequency reduced the processing time by 27...34% for carp. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the selected frequency (22 kHz) has the highest oscillation amplitude of ultrasonic end of the emitter.
Conclusions and discussion. It has been established that the ultrasonic frequency, the mass of fish carcass and the duration of processing have a decisive influence on the efforts of the scale-skin bond. The scale-skin bond ratio for Cyprinus carpio carp carcass in the native state was calculated, the value of which is 2.29. During the experimental studies, it was highlighted that the magnitude of the scale-skin bond coefficient for carp carcass changes insignificantly, and the strength of the scale-skin bond in the native state can be used to elaborate the terms of reference for the apparatus for removing scales. The greatest influence on the change in the scale-skin connection in conditions of ultrasonic processing was recorded at an oscillation frequency of 22 kHz. Prospects for further scientific research are to found the implementation of a complex process for cleansing fish carcass from scale, in particular, removing the fish guts, which can affect the reduction in the energy content and material consumption of the corresponding processes.