bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial núm 15
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: May 2016

La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua) y su Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Estelí (FAREM-Estelí) está publicando la Revista Científica No.15, año 4, correspondiente a los meses de Julio-Septiembre 2015. En este número se presentan seis artículos científicos como resultado de investigaciones desarrolladas por docentes investigadores y estudiantes de la facultad. Todas las investigaciones son aplicadas a la problemática real en ciencias ambientales, ingeniería industrial, ciencias económicas y educación.
Distinct modes of endocytotic presynaptic membrane and protein uptake at the calyx of Held terminal of rats and mice
Authors: Okamoto Yuji , Lipstein Noa , Hua Yunfeng , Lin Kun-Han , Brose Nils , Sakaba Takeshi , Midorikawa Mitsuharu
Published: May 2016

Neurotransmitter is released at synapses by fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane. To sustain synaptic transmission, compensatory retrieval of membranes and vesicular proteins is essential. We combined capacitance measurements and pH-imaging via pH-sensitive vesicular protein marker (anti-synaptotagmin2-cypHer5E), and compared the retrieval kinetics of membranes and vesicular proteins at the calyx of Held synapse. Membrane and Syt2 were retrieved with a similar time course when slow endocytosis was elicited. When fast endocytosis was elicited, Syt2 was still retrieved together with the membrane, but endocytosed organelle re-acidification was slowed down, which provides strong evidence for two distinct endocytotic pathways. Strikingly, CaM inhibitors or the inhibition of the Ca2+-calmodulin-Munc13-1 signaling pathway only impaired the uptake of Syt2 while leaving membrane retrieval intact, indicating different recycling mechanisms for membranes and vesicle proteins. Our data identify a novel mechanism of stimulus- and Ca2+-dependent regulation of coordinated endocytosis of synaptic membranes and vesicle proteins.
The developmental and pathogenic roles of BAF57, a special subunit of the BAF chromatin‐remodeling complex
Authors: Lomelí Hilda , Castillo‐Robles Jorge
Published: May 2016

Mammalian SWI/SNF or BAF chromatin‐remodeling complexes are polymorphic assemblies of homologous subunit families that remodel nucleosomes. BAF57 is a subunit of the BAF complexes; it is encoded only in higher eukaryotes and is present in all mammalian assemblies. Its main structural feature is a high‐mobility group domain, the DNA‐binding properties of which suggest that BAF57 may play topological roles as the BAF complex enters or exits the nucleosome. BAF57 displays specific interactions with a number of proteins outside the BAF complex. Through these interactions, it can accomplish specific functions. In the embryo, BAF57 is responsible for the silencing of the CD4 gene during T‐cell differentiation, and during the repression of neuronal genes in non‐neuronal cells, BAF57 interacts with the transcriptional corepressor, Co‐REST, and facilitates repression. Extensive work has demonstrated a specific role of BAF57 in regulating the interactions between BAF and nuclear hormone receptors. Despite its involvement in oncogenic pathways, new generation sequencing studies do not support a prominent role for BAF57 in the initiation of cancer. On the other hand, evidence has emerged to support a role for BAF57 as a metastasis factor, a prognosis marker and a therapeutic target. In humans, BAF57 is associated with disease, as mutations in this gene predispose to important congenital disorders, including menigioma disease or the Coffin–Siris syndrome. In this article, we present an exhaustive analysis of the BAF57 molecular and biochemical properties, cellular functions, loss‐of‐function phenotypes in living organisms and pathological manifestations in cases of human mutations.
Inhibition of yeast ribonucleotide reductase by Sml1 depends on the allosteric state of the enzyme
Authors: Misko Tessianna A. , Wijerathna Sanath R. , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Berdis Anthony J. , Ahmad Md. Faiz , Harris Michael E. , Dealwis Chris G.
Published: May 2016

Sml1 is an intrinsically disordered protein inhibitor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribonucleotide reductase (ScRR1), but its inhibition mechanism is poorly understood. RR reduces ribonucleoside diphosphates to their deoxy forms, and balances the nucleotide pool. Multiple turnover kinetics show that Sml1 inhibition of dGTP/ADP‐ and ATP/CDP‐bound ScRR follows a mixed inhibition mechanism. However, Sml1 cooperatively binds to the ES complex in the dGTP/ADP form, whereas with ATP/CDP, Sml1 binds weakly and noncooperatively. Gel filtration and mutagenesis studies indicate that Sml1 does not alter the oligomerization equilibrium and the CXXC motif is not involved in the inhibition. The data suggest that Sml1 is an allosteric inhibitor.
Simulation of gas hydrate dissociation caused by repeated tectonic uplift events
Authors: Goto Shusaku , Matsubayashi Osamu , Nagakubo Sadao
Published: May 2016

Gas hydrate dissociation by tectonic uplift is often used to explain geologic and geophysical phenomena, such as hydrate accumulation probably caused by hydrate recycling and the occurrence of double bottom‐simulating reflectors in tectonically active areas. However, little is known of gas hydrate dissociation resulting from tectonic uplift. This study investigates gas hydrate dissociation in marine sediments caused by repeated tectonic uplift events using a numerical model incorporating the latent heat of gas hydrate dissociation. The simulations showed that tectonic uplift causes upward movement of some depth interval of hydrate‐bearing sediment immediately above the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS) to the gas hydrate instability zone because the sediment initially maintains its temperature: in that interval, gas hydrate dissociates while absorbing heat; consequently, the temperature of the interval decreases to that of the hydrate stability boundary at that depth. Until the next uplift event, endothermic gas hydrate dissociation proceeds at the BGHS using heat mainly supplied from the sediment around the BGHS, lowering the temperature of that sediment. The cumulative effects of these two endothermic gas hydrate dissociations caused by repeated uplift events lower the sediment temperature around the BGHS, suggesting that in a marine area in which sediment with a highly concentrated hydrate‐bearing layer just above the BGHS has been frequently uplifted, the endothermic gas hydrate dissociation produces a gradual decrease in thermal gradient from the seafloor to the BGHS. Sensitivity analysis for model parameters showed that water depth, amount of uplift, gas hydrate saturation, and basal heat flow strongly influence the gas hydrate dissociation rate and sediment temperature around the BGHS.
Dynamical analysis of a satellite‐observed anticyclonic eddy in the northern Bering Sea
Authors: Li Yineng , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Jia , Peng Shiqiu
Published: May 2016

The characteristics and evolution of a satellite‐observed anticyclonic eddy in the northern Bering Sea during March and April 1999 are investigated using a three‐dimensional Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The anticyclonic‐like current pattern and asymmetric feature of the eddy were clearly seen in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR), sea surface temperature, and ocean color images in April 1999. The results from model simulation reveal the three‐dimensional structure of the anticyclonic eddy, its movement, and dissipation. Energy analysis indicates that the barotropic instability (BTI) is the main energy source for the growth of the anticyclonic eddy. The momentum analysis further reveals that the larger magnitude of the barotropic pressure gradient in the meridional direction causes the asymmetry of the anticyclonic eddy in the zonal and meridional directions, while the different magnitudes of the meridional baroclinic pressure gradient are responsible for the different intensity of currents between the northern and southern parts of the anticyclonic eddy.
Adjustment of regional climate model output for modeling the climatic mass balance of all glaciers on Svalbard
Authors: Möller Marco , Obleitner Friedrich , Reijmer Carleen H. , Pohjola Veijo A. , Głowacki Piotr , Kohler Jack
Published: May 2016

Large‐scale modeling of glacier mass balance relies often on the output from regional climate models (RCMs). However, the limited accuracy and spatial resolution of RCM output pose limitations on mass balance simulations at subregional or local scales. Moreover, RCM output is still rarely available over larger regions or for longer time periods. This study evaluates the extent to which it is possible to derive reliable region‐wide glacier mass balance estimates, using coarse resolution (10 km) RCM output for model forcing. Our data cover the entire Svalbard archipelago over one decade. To calculate mass balance, we use an index‐based model. Model parameters are not calibrated, but the RCM air temperature and precipitation fields are adjusted using in situ mass balance measurements as reference. We compare two different calibration methods: root mean square error minimization and regression optimization. The obtained air temperature shifts (+1.43°C versus +2.22°C) and precipitation scaling factors (1.23 versus 1.86) differ considerably between the two methods, which we attribute to inhomogeneities in the spatiotemporal distribution of the reference data. Our modeling suggests a mean annual climatic mass balance of −0.05 ± 0.40 m w.e. a−1 for Svalbard over 2000–2011 and a mean equilibrium line altitude of 452 ± 200 m  above sea level. We find that the limited spatial resolution of the RCM forcing with respect to real surface topography and the usage of spatially homogeneous RCM output adjustments and mass balance model parameters are responsible for much of the modeling uncertainty. Sensitivity of the results to model parameter uncertainty is comparably small and of minor importance.
Radiative driving of shallow return flows from the ITCZ
Authors: Nishant N. , Sherwood S. C. , Geoffroy O.
Published: May 2016

The tropical overturning circulation over the central‐east Pacific not only extends through the troposphere but also includes a shallow component outflowing from the ITCZ near the planetary boundary layer (PBL) top, the Shallow Meridional Circulation (SMC). Idealized simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, which qualitatively reproduce this two‐component circulation, are used to investigate the mechanism driving the SMC by altering model parameterization schemes (PBL, cumulus and radiation), the solar heating rate, and the SST gradient. A radiative‐driving model for subsidence is tested and found to quantitatively predict the altitude and strength of the SMC in all experiments. This includes experiments with a changed SST gradient, in which the changes in temperature profile and clouds near PBL top in the subsiding region altered radiative cooling so as to make the SMC vary in proportion to the SST gradient. These results indicate that the SMC is strongly controlled by radiative cooling rather than independently by SST patterns or convective processes, at least in this model setup. Experiments with altered solar heating of the atmosphere affected the strength of the SMC strongly, while changes in cumulus parameterization had a weaker effect. Parameterization changes influenced the SMC mainly by altering shallow cloud amount and humidity in subsidence regions, but vertical gradients of temperature also affect the radiative driving of the SMC in at least one case. The results highlight that atmospheric radiative heating is of prime importance for determining the character of deep and shallow overturning.
A new insight from space into swell propagation and crossing in the global oceans
Authors: Li Xiao‐Ming
Published: May 2016

A half‐century ago, it was recorded that ocean swells can propagate up to halfway around the globe. However, from a global perspective, how ocean swells propagate in the global oceans has yet to be depicted. To date, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is the only available remote sensing instrument to measure the two‐dimensional information of ocean surface waves. Here a 10 year (2002–2012) global wave data set of the spaceborne advanced SAR on board the European Space Agency's satellite Envisat and the global wind data set of the WindSat were used to (1) depict the propagation routes of ocean swells in the global oceans, (2) identify four distinguished crossing swell “pools,” and (3) interpret how these pools are formed. Together, these findings yield a new insight into ocean swells propagation and the consequent occurrence of crossing swells on a global ocean scale from space, which will further deepen our understanding of nature of ocean.
Statistics and variability of the altitude of elves
Authors: van der Velde Oscar A. , Montanyà Joan
Published: May 2016

From June 2008 to January 2016 nearly 800 elves have been recorded by a low‐light camera in northeastern Spain. Elves occur in this region mainly over the lower topped cold air mass maritime thunderstorms, peaking from November to January. Cloud‐to‐ground strokes still produce elves when maritime winter storms are carried inland, suggesting that the cold season thunderstorm charge configuration favors strokes with large electromagnetic pulses. Altitudes of 389 elves were determined using optical data combined with a lightning location network. The overall median altitude was 87.1 km, near the typical OH airglow height, but average heights during individual nights ranged between 83 and 93 km. The lower elve nights (~84 km) occurred during slightly elevated geomagnetic conditions (Kp >3‐, Ap‐index >10). Elve altitude often shifts by several kilometers during the night, apparently in response to changing background conditions in the upper mesosphere.
Benchmarking Northern Hemisphere midlatitude atmospheric synoptic variability in centennial reanalysis and numerical simulations
Authors: Dell'Aquila Alessandro , Corti Susanna , Weisheimer Antje , Hersbach Hans , Peubey Carol , Poli Paul , Berrisford Paul , Dee Dick , Simmons Adrian
Published: May 2016

The representation of midlatitude winter atmospheric synoptic variability in centennial reanalysis products, which assimilate surface observations only, and atmospheric model simulations constrained by observation‐based data sets is assessed. Midlatitude waves activity in twentieth century reanalyses (20CR, ERA‐20C) and atmospheric model simulations are compared with those estimated from observationally complete reanalysis products. All reanalyses are in good agreement regarding the representation of the synoptic variability during the last decades of the twentieth century. This suggests that the assimilation of surface observations can generate high‐quality extratropical upper air fields. In the first decades of the twentieth century a suppression of high‐frequency variability is apparent in the centennial reanalysis products. This behavior does not have a counterpart in the atmospheric model integrations. Since the latter differ from one of the reanalysis products considered here (ERA‐20C) only in the assimilation of surface observations, it seems reasonable to attribute the high‐frequency variability suppression to the poor coverage of the observations assimilated.
Ion demagnetization in the magnetopause current layer observed by MMS
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Li‐Jen , Hesse Michael , Gershman Daniel J. , Dorelli John , Giles Barbara , Torbert Roy B. , Pollock Craig J. , Lavraud Benoit , Strangeway Robert , Ergun Robert E. , Burch Jim , Avanov Levon , Moore Thomas E. , Saito Yoshifumi
Published: May 2016

We report ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) and present evidence for demagnetized ion Speiser motion during magnetopause reconnection. The demagnetization is observed in the vicinity of the X line, as well as near the current sheet midplane about tens of ion skin depths (di) away from the X line. Close to the X line before the outflow is built up, the VDFs are elongated, and the elongated part of VDFs rotates from the out‐of‐plane current direction toward the outflow directions downstream from the X line. Farther downstream, demagnetized ions exhibit a characteristic half‐ring structure in the VDFs, as a result of the mixture of ions that have experienced different amounts of cyclotron turning around the magnetic field normal to the current sheet. Signatures of acceleration by electric fields are more pronounced in the VDFs near the X line than downstream.
Source to sink: Evolution of lignin composition in the Madre de Dios River system with connection to the Amazon basin and offshore
Authors: Feng Xiaojuan , Feakins Sarah J. , Liu Zongguang , Ponton Camilo , Wang Renée Z. , Karkabi Elias , Galy Valier , Berelson William M. , Nottingham Andrew T. , Meir Patrick , West A. Joshua
Published: May 2016

While lignin geochemistry has been extensively investigated in the Amazon River, little is known about lignin distribution and dynamics within deep, stratified river channels or its transformations within soils prior to delivery to rivers. We characterized lignin phenols in soils, river particulate organic matter (POM), and dissolved organic matter (DOM) across a 4 km elevation gradient in the Madre de Dios River system, Peru, as well as in marine sediments to investigate the source‐to‐sink evolution of lignin. In soils, we found more oxidized lignin in organic horizons relative to mineral horizons. The oxidized lignin signature was maintained during transfer into rivers, and lignin was a relatively constant fraction of bulk organic carbon in soils and riverine POM. Lignin in DOM became increasingly oxidized downstream, indicating active transformation of dissolved lignin during transport, especially in the dry season. In contrast, POM accumulated undegraded lignin downstream during the wet season, suggesting that terrestrial input exceeded in‐river degradation. We discovered high concentrations of relatively undegraded lignin in POM at depth in the lower Madre de Dios River in both seasons, revealing a woody undercurrent for its transfer within these deep rivers. Our study of lignin evolution in the soil‐river‐ocean continuum highlights important seasonal and depth variations of river carbon components and their connection to soil carbon pools, providing new insights into fluvial carbon dynamics associated with the transfer of lignin biomarkers from source to sink.
Influence of NiFe Alloy Nanopowder on Electromagnetic and Microwave Absorption Properties of MWCNT/Epoxy Composite
Authors: Naidu M. K. , Ramji K. , Santhosi B. V. S. R. N. , Krushna Murthy K. , Subrahmanyam C. , Satyanarayana B.
Published: May 2016

Nanocomposite absorbers based on dielectric/magnetic materials are prepared by in situ incorporation of MWCNTs and NiFe alloy nanopowder into epoxy matrix. SEM micrographs and EDAX studies of these nanocomposites clearly revealed the incorporation of MWCNTs/NiFe nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix. Dielectric measurement revealed that the real part of permittivity and permeability of NiFe‐filled MWCNT composites increased with an increase in NiFe concentration. The consolidated loss tangent values revealed that the total losses were highest for 15% of NiFe alloy nanopowder, thus accounting for the highest absorption loss. The two‐layer RAS composed of NiFe alloy nanopowder‐filled MWCNTs/epoxy composite achieves a minimum reflection loss of −12 dB (95% of absorption) in the range of 8.2–9.8 GHz and a maximum peak of −19 dB at 8.2 GHz with a thickness of 4 mm for 15 wt% NiFe alloy nanopowder MWCNTs/epoxy composites. In addition, −10 dB absorption bandwidths of composite material are <2 GHz, i.e., 8.2–9.8 GHz. Microwave absorption was attributed to both the dielectric and magnetic nature of MWCNTs and NiFe alloy nanopowder. The frequency of microwave absorption complies with the quarter wavelength (λ/4) matching model.
This is Not a History Lesson; This is Agitation: A Call for a Methodology of Diffraction in US‐Based Community Psychology
Authors: Langhout Regina Day
Published: May 2016

Agitation, as deployed by the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF), occurs when imaginations and curiosities are piqued, and self‐interest is made visible. In this framework, agitation is a step in creating change. In this paper, I outline two agitations within US‐based community psychology. I then describe a third agitation that is underway; I add my voice and call for a methodology of diffraction as a contribution to critical reflexivity practices within US‐based community psychology. Consistent with the IAF framework, I do not provide solutions. I write this paper as a provocation to help us think imaginatively and creatively about our actions and future, so that we can consider the paradigm shifts needed to move into critical ways of understanding connection, responsibility, accountability, and creating change—of interest during Swampscott and today.
Altered cerebrospinal fluid proteins in Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome patients
Authors: Cologna Stephanie M. , Shieh Christine , Toth Cynthia L. , Cougnoux Antony , Burkert Kathryn R. , Bianconi Simona E. , Wassif Christopher A. , Porter Forbes D.
Published: May 2016

Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive, multiple malformation syndrome with neurocognitive impairment. SLOS arises from mutations in the 7‐dehydrocholesterol reductase gene which results in impaired enzymatic conversion of 7‐dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol. In the current work, we sought to measure proteins that were altered in the cerebrospinal fluid from SLOS patients compared to pediatric controls. Using a multi‐analyte antibody‐based assay, we found that 12 proteins are altered in SLOS patients. Validation studies were carried out and the findings from this study suggest alterations in extracellular matrix remodeling and further evidence of oxidative stress within the disease pathophysiology. The results of this study will be used to explore biological pathways altered in SLOS and identifies a set of CSF proteins that can be evaluated as biomarkers in future therapeutic trials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new prognostic index of severity of intellectual disabilities in Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Cereda Anna , Mariani Milena , Rebora Paola , Sajeva Anna , Ajmone Paola Francesca , Gervasini Cristina , Russo Silvia , Kullmann Gaia , Valsecchi Grazia , Selicorni Angelo
Published: May 2016

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a well‐known multiple congenital anomalies/intellectual disability syndrome with genetic heterogeneity and wide clinical variability, regarding the severity of both the intellectual disabilities and the physical features, not completely explained by the genotype‐phenotype correlations known to date. The aim of the study was the identification of prognostic features, ascertainable precociously in the patient's life, of a better intellectual outcome and the development of a new prognostic index of severity of intellectual disability in CdLS patients. In 66 italian CdLS patients aged 8 years or more, we evaluated the association of the degree of intellectual disability with various clinical parameters ascertainable before 6 months of life and with the molecular data by the application of cumulative regression logistic model. Based on these results and on the previously known genotype‐phenotype correlations, we selected seven parameters to be used in a multivariate cumulative regression logistic model to develop a prognostic index of severity of intellectual disability. The probability of a mild ID increases with the reducing final score less than two, the probability of a severe ID increases with the increasing final score more than three. This prognostic index allows to define, precociously in the life of a baby, the probability of a better or worse intellectual outcome in CdLS patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ti‐Mediated Efficient Reductive Dehalogenation of Carbon–Halogen Bonds
Authors: González‐Delgado José A. , Prieto Consuelo , Enríquez Lourdes , Jaraíz Martín , López‐Pérez José L. , Barrero Alejandro F. , Arteaga Jesús F.
Published: May 2016

A mild and efficient methodology for the reductive dehalogenation of carbon–halogen bonds in both activated (allylic or benzylic) and non‐activated halides with excess TiIII is thoroughly described. A detailed computational and experimental study corroborates that the reaction occurs via the allyl(benzyl) radical and allyl(benzyl)‐Ti, which is protonated by a Brønsted acid, and proceeds regioselectively in the case of allylic derivatives. This synthetic method is compatible with a wide range of functional groups and reaction conditions, and thus presents a mild process for reductive dehalogenation in the field of organic synthesis.
Fabrication of cellulose membrane with “imprinted morphology” and low crystallinity from spherulitic [Bmim]Cl
Authors: Ma Bomou , Qiao Xue , Hou Xiuliang , He Chunju
Published: May 2016

In the present study, regenerated cellulose membrane with “imprinted morphology” and low crystallinity was fabricated from the crystal cellulose/[Bmim]Cl solution. Spherulites of 1‐butyl‐3‐methilimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and cellulose/[Bmim]Cl solution were observed using polarized optical microscopy under certain condition. The fabricated cellulose membranes presented some particular characteristics compared with the membrane prepared from traditional cellulose/[Bmim]Cl solution. All the fabricated membranes were characterized by optical microscope, Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), thermo‐gravimetric analysis, and mechanical testing. The images showed that the resulting membranes prepared from crystal cellulose/[Bmim]Cl solution were “imprinted” with patterns which originated from the crystalline structure of [Bmim]Cl. The results of WAXD showed that the obtained cellulose membrane exhibited low diffraction peaks and crystallinity of approximately 24.57%. Furthermore, the low crystallinity led to the low mechanical property (27.5 MPa), thermal stability (315.4 °C), and high moisture regain (9.5%). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43798.
Cribra orbitalia: Prevalence in contemporary populations
Authors: Steyn Maryna , Voeller Sarah , Botha Deona , Ross Ann H.
Published: May 2016

The prevalence of cribra orbitalia (CO) is often used as an indicator of the general health status of past populations. Although debates as to its exact etiology are still ongoing, cribra is generally accepted to be the result of an anemic condition. Cribra has been reported to be declining in modern populations or even to be absent. The aim of this study was to compare modern, historic, and prehistoric prevalences of CO to assess whether it has changed through time and if it still occurs in contemporary populations. CO in skeletons (n = 844) from two widely different regions, the northeastern US and the central Gauteng area of South Africa, were compared in order to evaluate temporal trends. The sample comprised 245 prehistoric, 381 historic, and 218 modern skeletons. In adult skeletons the prevalence was found to be lower in historic South Africans (2.23%) than in historic North Americans (6.25%). It was lower in modern North Americans than in modern South Africans (12.35 and 16.8%, respectively). Its prevalence in prehistoric North Americans (11.86%) was also not much different from that of modern North Americans (12.35%). The frequency of CO in historic South African juveniles was higher (10.71%) than in historic North American juveniles (1.35%). Modern South African children had a lower frequency (25.14%) than modern American juveniles (40%), although the sample in the North American group was small. It seems that CO is still present in modern populations, and that health may indeed have declined for some groups in recent times. Clin. Anat. 29:823–830, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE LANTHANUM YTTRIUM MANGANESE SILICIDE (LA1‐XYXMN2SI2) SYSTEM
Authors: SAMPATHKUMARAN E. V. , CHAUGHULE R. S. , GOPALAKRISHNAN K. V. , MALIK S. K. , VIJAYARAGHAVAN R.
Published: May 2016

LaMn2Si2 und YMn2Si2 kristallisieren beide in der ThCr2Si2‐Struktur (I4/mmm) und bilden eine lückenlose Mischkristallreihe ohne Kristallstrukturänderung.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF THORIUM DIIODIDE AND SOME DERIVATIVES
Authors: KUMAR N. , TUCK D. G.
Published: May 2016

Die elektrochemische Oxidation von Th‐Metall in einer Lösung von 12 in MeCN bei 20°C zu ThI2‐2 MeCN (IV) und dessen thermische Zers. stellt einen einfachen und effizienten synthetischen Einstieg in die Th"‐Chemie dar.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL ADDITIONS OF THE ALLYL AND THE BENZYL GROUPS OF ALLYL AND BENZYL HALIDES TO ACETONE
Authors: SATOH S. , SUGINOME H. , TOKUDA M.
Published: May 2016

Durch Elektrolyse von Allyl‐ und Benzyl?alogeniden in Gegenwart eines funffachen Überschusses Aceton in HMPA wird eine Reihe von tert. Alkoholen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: (L JQIO :aktionen Thermische und katalytische Umlagerung von (3‐Chlorallyl)‐phenylether.
Authors: LEVASHOVA V. I. , ANDREEV N. A. , BUNINA‐KRIVORUKOVA L. I.
Published: May 2016

Im Gegensatz zu Literaturangaben lagert sich die Titelverbindung (I) sowohl thermisch wie katalytisch um.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF S‐ALKYL 3‐OXOBUTANETHIOATE
Authors: HASEGAWA T. , SHIMIZU T. , IWASAKI K. , OGUCHI S.
Published: May 2016

Bestrahlen der in α‐Position unsubstituierten Titelverbindungen (I) liefert die Disulfide (VI) anstelle von Thioacetaten.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF ORGANIC HALIDES WITH DIETHYL PHOSPHONATE AND TRIETHYLAMINE
Authors: HIRAO T. , KOHNO S. , OHSHIRO Y. , AGAWA T.
Published: May 2016

Phosphonsäurediethylester reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1‐TRIACONTANOL
Authors: RAO A. V. R. , YADAV J. S. , ANNAPURNA G. S.
Published: May 2016

Durch aufeinanderfolgende Alkylierung von Tosylmethylisocyanid (I) mit (II) und (IV) wird der Ketoester (V) hergestellt, der zu Triaoontanol (VII) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaktion von N,N‐Dichlorurethan mit Trichlorethylen.
Authors: MIRSKOVA A. N. , LEVKOVSKAYA G. G. , GOGOBERIDZE I. T. , DROZDOVA T. I. , KALIKHMAN I. D. , VORONKOV M. G.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der Titelverbindungen (I) und (II) liefert in Abhängigkeit von den Bedingungen das Bis‐ethoxycarbonylaminoethan (III) oder das Amid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthese von ortho‐substituierten, ungesättigten Anilinen.
Authors: CHUSNITDINOV R. N. , FAKHRETDINOV R. N. , ABDRAKHMANOV I. B. , PANASENKO A. A. , KHALILOV L. M. , DZHEMILEV U. M.
Published: May 2016

Untersucht wird die Claisen‐Umlagerung der N‐2,7‐Octadienylaniline (I) in Gegenwart von TFA, AcOH, PrCOOH und H2SO4.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PHENYL(2‐(1‐METHYLCYCLOPROPYL)PHENYL)SULFONE AND PHENYL(2‐(1‐METHYLCYCLOPROPYL)PHENYL)SULFOXIDE WITH PROTONIC ACIDS
Authors: SAGINOVA L. G. , PISANOVA E. V. , SHABAROV YU. S.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von dem o‐Nitro‐ phenylcyclopropan (I) werden die Titelverbindungen (V) bzw. (VI) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION OF SILYLATED KETENE ACETALS WITH VARIOUS NAPHTHOQUINONES. GENERAL METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ANTHRACYCLINE INTERMEDIATES
Authors: GESSON J. P. , JACQUESY J. C. , MONDON M.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Estern (I) und (IV) werden die Silylketenacetale (III) bzw. (V) hergestellt, die mit Naphthochinonen (VI) zu AnthracycIinon‐Derivaten (VII) und (VIII) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2‐DICHLORO‐3‐OXOTHIOLANE 1,1‐DIOXIDE
Authors: GAIDAMAKA S. N. , BEZMENOVA T. E. , VARSHAVETS T. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Chlorierung des 3‐HydroxysulfoIans (I) liefert die Titelverbindung (II) als Hauptprodukt, daneben das Monochlorderivat (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF 3‐DIAZOPYRROLES. PART 2
Authors: DATTOLO G. , CIRRINCIONE G. , ALMERICO A. M. , PRESTI G. , AIELLO E.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Pyrrolen (I) werden über die Nitro‐ (II) und die Amino‐Derivate (III) die Diazopyrrole (IV) hergestellt, die unter sauren Bedingungen nicht zu Pyrrolocinnolinen cyclisieren, sondern die Verbindungen (V) bis (IX) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF α,β‐UNSATURATED AMIDES USING INTERNAL COORDINATION OF METAL SALTS
Authors: TAKEBAYASHI T. , IWASAWA N. , MUKAIYAMA T. , HATA T.
Published: May 2016

Die intramolekulare Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion der Triene (I) bzw. (IV) (Darstellung beschrieben) zu den isomeren Produkten (II)+(III) bzw. (V) + (VI) ist wesentlich beschleunigt, wenn sie mit Mg‐Salzen der Substrate durchgeführt wird (innere Koordination dieser Salze; Diskussion des Mecha‐ 81 ′l0.
ChemInform Abstract: A SHORT SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐7‐OXO‐3‐OXA‐1‐AZABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTANE‐2‐CARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: HAEBICH D. + , NAAB P. , METZGER K.
Published: May 2016

Aus Allyliodid (I) und Chlorsulfonylisocyanat (II) entsteht das β‐Lactam (IIIa), das mit Glyoxylsäureallylester zum Addukt (IIIb) führt und dann zu den beiden Isomeren (IV) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINOLINE AND ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES. XII. THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME ALCOHOLS DERIVED FROM 1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE AND FROM 1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROQUINOLINE
Authors: FERLES M. , SILHANKOVA A. , KAFKA S. , TAUFMANN P. , MOTAYCEK T.
Published: May 2016

Während die Ester (IIa) bzw. (IIb) durch N‐Alkylierung von Isochinolin (I) mit den entsprechenden w‐Bromcarbonsäureestern (IVa) bzw. (IVb) und anschließende NaBH4‐Reduktion des erhaltenen Quartärsalzes synthetisiert werden, erfolgt die Dar‐ 95 stellung der Ester (Ilc)‐(IIe) direkt durch Umsetzung von Tetrahydroisochinolin (IV) mit den entsprechenden w‐Bromcarbonsäureestern (IVc)‐(IVe).
ChemInform Abstract: NONOXIDATIVE PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF 2‐AROYL‐1‐METHYLENE‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES
Authors: NAITO T. , KATSUMI K. , TADA Y. , NINOMIYA I.
Published: May 2016

Die Photolyse der Enamide (I) bei niedriger Temperatur führt zu den Cyclisierungsprodukten (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF 2‐CYANO‐5,6‐DIHYDRO‐1,4‐DIOXIN
Authors: KRASAVTSEV I. I. , LOZINSKII M. O.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) wird in das Dibromid (II) übergeführt, das im Gegensatz zur Verbindung (I) sehr reaktionsfähig ist.
ChemInform Abstract: DIPHENYLBORON CHELATES OF α‐(DIALKYLAMINO)CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR N‐OXIDES
Authors: KLIEGEL W. , GRAUMANN J.
Published: May 2016

Durch Hydrolyse der Ester (I) werden die Carbonsäuren (II) erlangt, die durch Oxidation mit H2O2 die N‐Oxide (III) liefern.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. XX. BIFUNCTIONAL AMINOPHOSPHINES POLYMETHYLENEBIS(BIS(DIETHYLAMINO)PHOSPHINES) (ET2N)2P(CH2)NP(NET2)2 AND ET2N(R)P(CH2)NP(R)NET2
Authors: DIEMERT K. , KUCHEN W. , KUTTER J.
Published: May 2016

Aus den bifunktionellen Grignard‐Verbindungen (IV) bzw. den bifunktionellen Phosphorhalogeniden (V) und (VII) werden die Aminophosphane (I) und (II) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: FIVE‐MEMBERED PHOSPHORUS HETEROCYCLES BY THE REACTION OF SULFENYL AND SELENENYL CHLORIDES WITH 2‐(1,2‐ALKADIENYL)‐1,3,2‐DIOXAPHOSPHOLANE 2‐OXIDES
Authors: ANGELOV C. M. , CHRISTOV C. ZH.
Published: May 2016

Die Sulfenyl bzw. Selenenyl‐chloride (H) reagieren mit den Dioxaphospholan‐oxiden (I) unter Umlagerung zu den Oxaphospholen‐Derivaten (III), deren 1H‐NMR‐Spektren ausführlich erläutert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4,8,10‐TETRASUBSTITUTED DIBENZO(D,F)(1,3,2)DIOXAPHOSPHEPINS
Authors: PASTOR S. D. , SPIVACK J. D. , STEINHUEBEL L. P. , MATZURA C.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Diphenyldiolen (I) werden die Dibenzo‐dioxaphosphepine (III) hergestellt, deren 1H‐, "C‐ und 31P‐NMR‐Daten diskutiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBONYL SULFIDE, AND CARBON DISULFIDE BY COPPER(I) BOROHYDRIDE. X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX ((TRIPHOS)CU(O2CH))
Authors: BIANCHINI C. , GHILARDI C. A. , MELI A. , MIDOLLINI S. , ORLANDINI A.
Published: May 2016

Der Kupferphosphinborhydrid‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit CO2, CS2 bzw. COS unter milden Bedingungen zu entsprechenden Format‐ bzw. Dithioformat‐ bzw. Thioformat‐Phosphin‐Kupfer‐Komplexen (IIIa) bzw. (V) bzw. (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF CHLORODEOXYHEXOFURANOID DERIVATIVES
Authors: PAROLIS H.
Published: May 2016

Das Glucofuranose‐Derivat (I) reagiert mit Sulfurylchlorid zu dem monochlorierten D‐Glucose‐ und dem dichlorierten L‐ldosederivat (IIa) bzw. (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: ANTINEOPLASTIC AND CURATIVE ANTILEUKEMIC EFFECT OF 1,4‐BENZOQUINONE GUANYLHYDRAZONE THIOSEMICARBAZONE AND ITS HYDROCHLORIDE IN VIVO ON MURINE TEST MODELS
Authors: GUTSCHE W. , SCHULZE W. , JUNGSTAND W. , WOHLRABE K.
Published: May 2016

Das antimikrobiell wirksame Thiosemicarbazonhydrat (I) und sein Hydrochlorid zeigen an vier Mäuse‐Testmodellen antineoglastische Wirkung.
ChemInform Abstract: LIQUID PHASE OXIDATION OF NITROUS ACID BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Authors: KARLSSON H. T.
Published: May 2016

Aus kinetischen Untersuchungen in einem pH‐Staten und einer eingehenden Analyse der Chemie wird geschlossen, daß die Gesamtreaktion Feine Reihe von Reaktionen und einige Zwischenstufen beinhaltet.
ChemInform Abstract: EPOXIDATION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES AND ESTERS
Authors: RAO D. S. R.
Published: May 2016

Die Umwandlung der um′s‐ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen (I) mit H2O2 /NaOH in die α‐Carbonylepoxide (II) wird reaktionskinetisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF β,Γ‐ENONES. 7. INTRAMOLECULAR COMPETITION BETWEEN DI‐Π‐METHANE AND OXA‐DI‐Π‐METHANE REARRANGEMENTS. ON THE INTERMEDIARY OF CHARGE‐TRANSFER COMPLEXES AND ZWITTERIONS IN THE DI‐Π‐METHANE REARRANGEMENTS
Authors: VAN DER VEEN R. H. , KRUK C. , CERFONTAIN H.
Published: May 2016

Das aus dem Ester (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF Q BASE (QUEUINE)
Authors: KONDO T. , OHGI T. , GOTO T.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend vom Methylbrompyrrolopyrimidon (I) wird der Aldehyd (II) auf dem skizzierten Syntheseweg in 4 Stufen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LAYERED TETRAVALENT METAL TERPHENYL MONO‐ AND BISPHOSPHONATES
Authors: DINES M. B. , GRIFFITH P. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Monophosphonsäure des durch eine modifizierte Arbusov‐ Reaktion wie aufgezeichnet gebildeten und hydrolysierten Diesters (II) reagiert mit Th(IV)‐nitrat bzw. ZrOCI, zu den zweischichtigen Terphenyl‐Verbindungen (III) mit Bindung der Phosphonat‐Liganden an nur ein Metall.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF ((η‐C5H5)FE(η‐P‐XYL))PF6 IN ACETONITRILE SOLUTION. CHARACTERIZATION AND REACTIVITY OF ((η‐C5H5)FE(MECN)3)+
Authors: GILL T. P. , MANN K. R.
Published: May 2016

Die Photolyse von (I) in Acetonitril bei ‐40°C liefert das Produkt (II), das‐eIektronen‐ und 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch sowie durch chemische Reaktionen charakterisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DEOXYRIBOTETRANUCLEOTIDES BY THE CYCLIC ENEDIOL PHOSPHORYLATION METHOD
Authors: RAMIREZ F. , GAVIN T. E. , MANDAL S. B. , KELKAR S. V. , MARECEK J. F.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von entsprechenden geschützten Nucleosiden (I) werden mit Hilfe des Phosphorylierungsreagenzes (II) über die Stufen (III) und (V) durch Deblokkierung von (V) die Nucleotide (VI) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INHIBITIVE EFFECT OF EXTRANEOUS ION ADDITION ON STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF ALPHA‐BRASS
Authors: SIRCAR S. C. , CHATTERJEE U. K. , SHERBINI G. M.
Published: May 2016

Zusätze von NH4CI, C0504, Cs, S04 und C 2 HANHZ), zur Mattsson‐Lösung (0.04 g‐Atom/l Cu als CuSO4 ′ 5 H2O mit (NH4), S04 auf pH 6.4 eingestellt) oder zur Pugh‐Lösung (1 g Cu‐Pulver in 1 l NH4OH‐Lösung aufgelöst durch oxygenieren; pH der Lösung 12) wirken inhibierend auf die Spannungsrißkorrosion von α‐Messing in diesen Lösungen.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF THE OXIDATION OF VANADIUM IN THE TEMPERATURE RANGE 350‐950°C
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. , WACH S. P.
Published: May 2016

Die Kinetik der Oxidation von V in O2‐Gas wird in weiten Druck‐ und Temp.‐Bereichen mit Hilfe einer Vakuum‐Mikrowaage untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETYLENE, ETHYLENE, AND ARENE CHEMISTRY OF PALLADIUM SURFACES
Authors: GENTLE T. M. , MUETTERTIES E. L.
Published: May 2016

Verunreinigungen mit C, Soder Punterdrücken die thermische Zersetzung von Benzol und Ethylen im ultrahohen Vakuum,während die Anwesenheit von Sdie Bildung von Benzol und Ethylen aus Acetylen leicht vermehrt bzw. ermöglicht.
ChemInform Abstract: DEVELOPMENT OF CHIRAL β‐DICARBONYL EQUIVALENTS. ENANTIODIVERGENT ALKYLATION OF ASPARTIC ACID
Authors: MCGARVEY G. J. , HINER R. N. , MATSUBARA Y. , OH T.
Published: May 2016

Die enantiomeren β‐Dicarbonylfragmente (XII) und (XIII) werden als Synthone für polyfunktionelle Naturstoffe betrachtet.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME ALKALI METAL ALKYLAMIDES AS ALKYNE ISOMERIZATION REAGENTS: SELECTIVE ISOMERIZATION OF ONE TRIPLE BOND OF A DIYNOL
Authors: ABRAMS S. R. , NUCCIARONE D. D. , STECK W. F.
Published: May 2016

Die Isomerisierung von Alkin‐1‐olen unter dem katalytischen Einfluß der Li‐ und Na‐Salze von Ethylendiamin und 1,3‐Diaminopropan sowie der Li‐Salze von n‐ und iso‐Butylamin wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE REDUCTION OF α‐HYDROXY KETONES
Authors: NAKATA T. , TANAKA T. , OISHI T.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydroxy‐ketone (I) werden durch Zinkboranat (II) überwiegend zu den erythro‐Diolen (III) neben geringen Mengen an threo‐Diol (IV) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROCHLORINATION OF ALLENIC KETONES. STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CONJUGATED (E)‐β‐CHLOROENONES
Authors: GRAS J.‐L. , GALLEDOU B. S.
Published: May 2016

N,N′‐Dimethylhydrazin‐hydrochlorid chloriert die 1‐Acyl‐allene (I) zunächst zu den aus kinetischen Gründen bevorzugten β‐Chlorallyl‐alkylketonen (III), die sich dann mit den thermodynamisch stabileren β‐Chlorvinyl‐alkylketonen (II) ins Gleichgewicht setzen.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRATION OF AROMATIC HETEROCYCLES WITH PALLADIUM(II) ACETATE AND SODIUM NITRITE
Authors: ITAHARA T. , EBIHARA R. , KAWASAKI K.
Published: May 2016

Umsetzen von 1,3‐Dimethyluracil (I) mit NaNOg in Gegenwart von Pd(OAc); unter N2 liefert das Nitrouracil (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SOME ASPECTS OF NITRATION OF AROMATICS BY LOWER OXIDATION STATES OF NITROGEN
Authors: MILLIGAN B.
Published: May 2016

Aromaten wie Benzol oder Toluol werden mit Natriumnitrit oder Stickstoffdioxid in Trifluoressigsäure nitriert, und hierbei werden neben den Nitro‐Verbindungen (II) bzw. (IV) weitere Oxidationsprodukte mit Phenol‐Struktur u.a. erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DIYNES, α,β‐UNSATURATED MONOACIDS AND DIACIDS BY THE SELECTIVE PALLADIUM(0)‐CATALYZED AND PHASE TRANSFER CATALYZED REACTIONS OF VINYLIC DIBROMIDES
Authors: GALAMB V. , GOPAL M. , ALPER H.
Published: May 2016

Die von aromatischen Aldehyden abgeleiteten Dibromide (l‐) reagieren mit CO in Gegenwart desPd‐Katalysators (III) und einem Phasentransfer‐Agens in einem 2‐Phasensystem unter Bildung der Diine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT PRODUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTERS BY ACID‐CATALYZED OZONE OXIDATION OF OLEFINS IN METHANOL
Authors: GRIESBAUM K. , NEUMEISTER J. , SAXENA M. P.
Published: May 2016

Nach der allgemeinen Arbeitsweise kühlt man eine methanoiische Lösung des Olefins, darunter trans‐Stilben, Cyclopenten, Cycloocten, Cyclodecen, Cyclododecen, Norbornen, l ,5‐Cyclooctadien, auf die jeweilige Reaktionstemperatur, versetzt mit einer eingestellten, konzentrierten Lösung von wasserfreiem Chlorwasserstoff in Methanol, bis eine I‐molare Salzsaure Lösung vorliegt und leitet Ozon ein, bis hinter dem Reaktor ein Sauerstoffüberschuß nachweisbar ist.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE HEMICARONALDEHYDES USING CHIRAL BUTADIENE‐IRON TRICARBONYL COMPLEXES
Authors: MONPERT A. , MARTELLI J. , GREE R. , CARRIE R.
Published: May 2016

Mit Hilfe des chiralen Eisen‐Komplexes (I) werden die Hemicaronaldehyde (VII) und (VIII) mit einem e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF ALLYLIC DERIVATIVES. 6. REGIOCHEMISTRY OF ALKYLATION OF ALLYLIC ACETATES WITH DIALKYLCUPRATES
Authors: GOERING H. L. , SINGLETON V. D. JUN.
Published: May 2016

Für die Untersuchung der Stereochemie bei der Alkylierung von Allylderivaten wird das sterisch definierte Cyclohexenyl‐acetat (I) mit Lithiumdimethylcuprat (II) nahezu ausschließlich zu (III) und minimalen Anteilen an (IV) substituiert.
ChemInform Abstract: AMIDOPALLADATION OF TERTIARY ALLYLIC AMINES AND OF TERMINAL OLEFINS WITH PHTHALIMIDE AND N‐METHYLTOLUENESULFONAMIDE
Authors: PARKER K. A. , O'FEE R. P.
Published: May 2016

Allylamine (I) reagieren in Gegenwart eines Pd‐Katalysators und eines Kronenethers sowie von Kaliumphthalimid unter hydrierenden Bedingungen zu den Addukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESES OF 4‐PHENYLALLOPHANATES
Authors: AL SABBAGH M. M. , CALMON M. , CALMON J.‐P.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (II) werden aus den Harnstoffderivaten (I) und den entsprechenden Chlorameisensäureestern in Gegenwart von Pyridin dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: MESOMORPHIC PROPERTIES OF SOME 6‐N‐ALKYL‐2‐(4′‐CYANOPHENYL)NAPHTHALENES. PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION
Authors: LAUK U. , SKRABAL P. , ZOLLINGER H.
Published: May 2016

Als weitere Vertreter einer neuen Klasse von nematischen Flüssigkristallen werden über die von den Bromnaphthalinen (III)abgeleitetenGrignardverbindungen und die entsprechenden Naphthylzinkchloride die Titelverbindungen (IV) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE REACTION OF PRIMARY ALIPHATIC AMINES WITH 1,2‐NAPHTHOQUINONE‐4‐SULFONIC ACID
Authors: HARTKE K. , LOHMANN U.
Published: May 2016

Das Natrium‐Salz der Naphthochinonsulfonsäure (I) kondensiert mit den Aminen (II) zu den tiefviolett gefärbten Verbindungen (III), daneben entstehen die Verbindungen (IV)‐(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ONE‐WAY PHOTOISOMERIZATION BETWEEN CIS‐ AND TRANS‐OLEFINS. A NOVEL ADIABATIC PROCESS IN THE EXCITED STATE
Authors: ARAI T. , KARATSU T. , SAKURAGI H. , TOKUMARU K.
Published: May 2016

Die Isomerisierung der Olefine (I) zu (II) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A SERIES OF NOVEL POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC SYSTEMS: ISOMERS OF BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE CONTAINING A CYCLOPENTA‐FUSED RING
Authors: SANGAIAH R. , GOLD A. , TONEY G. E.
Published: May 2016

Aus Phenanthren erhält man über die Phenanthryl‐buttersäure (I) nach bekannten Verfahrensstufen wie Cyclisierung zu (II), Reformatzkii‐Reaktion zu (III), Dehydratisierung und Dehydrierung zu (IV) sowie erneuten Ringschluß das pentacyclische Keton (V), das nach Reduktion zum Alkohol (VI) sauer zum kondensierten Acenaphthen (VII) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL CYCLOADDITIONS OF 2,3‐DIHALOBENZO(B)THIOPHENES: STEREOCHEMICAL AND MECHANISTIC RESULTS
Authors: NECKERS D. C. , WAGENAAR F. L. , HAUENSTEIN D. , JACOBSON R. A.
Published: May 2016

Die imFormelschema angeführten Reaktionen dienen zur Herstellung von Vorstufen wie (Vb) oder (IX) zur Gewinnung von 2‐Thia‐3,4‐ benzobicyclo[3.2.0]‐l ,3,6‐heptatrien (XVIII) bzw. 2‐Thia‐3,4‐benzobicyclo[3.2.0]‐ 1,3‐heptadien (XIX).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES IN THE 4‐PHENYLBENZ(G)INDOLIN‐2‐ONE SYSTEM
Authors: KLEMM L. H. , HWANG Y. N. , LOURIS J. N.
Published: May 2016

Beim Versuch der sauren Desacetylierung der Pyrrolinyl‐stilbene (Ia) und (Ib) erfolgt ein Ringschluß unter Umlagerung zu Benzo‐indolinonen (II), die erneut zu (III) acetyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF CLAVULANIC ACID: SOME REACTIONS OF ESTERS UNDER NEUTRAL, ACIDIC AND BASIC CONDITIONS
Authors: BROWN A. G. , HOWARTH T. T. , PONSFORD R. J.
Published: May 2016

Am β‐Lactam‐lnhibitor Clävulansäure (Ia) bzw. dessen Benzylester (Ib) werden verschiedene Reaktionen durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF N‐ACYLSULFILIMINES WITH DIPHENYL KETENE. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 2‐OXAZOLIN‐4‐ONES
Authors: KETCHA D. M. , ABOU‐GHARBIN M. , SMITH F. X. , SWERN D.
Published: May 2016

S,S‐Diphenylsulfilimin‐hydrat (I) reagiert mit Diphenylketen (II) zu einem Addukt (IIIa), das mit im Überschuß vorhandenem Keten ebenso wie die unabhängig hergestellten Acetylsulfilimine (IIIb)‐(IIId) zu den Oxazolinonen (IV) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐METALATION OF 1‐(TERT‐BUTOXYCARBONYL)‐1,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDINES
Authors: COMINS D. L.
Published: May 2016

1‐(tert.‐Butoxycarbonyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridin (I), dessen Darstellung in einer früheren Arbeit beschrieben wird, wird mit sek. Butyllithium α‐metalliert und anschließend mit elektrophilen Reagenzien wie Deuteriumoxid, Trimethylsilylchlorid, Methyliodid, Dimethylcarbonat etc. zu (II) substituiert.