bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SILASE GAMAL (Gliricida sepium) DALAM MENGATASI KEKURANGAN PAKAN DI DESA KUAKEN KECAMATAN NOEMUTI TIMUR KABUPATEN TTU
Authors: Bira Gerson Frans , Tahuk Paulus Klau
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah membantu kelompok tani dalam menyediakan pakan ternak ruminansia pada musim kemarau melalui teknologi pembuatan silase. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Desa Kuaken Kecamatan Noemuti Timur Kabupaten TTU selama 3 bulan. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan adalah kuesioner, drum plastik (kapasitas 150 kg), alat potong (parang), terpal, kamera dan alat tulis, hijauan gamal, lamtoro, dedak padi dan gula pasir. Metode yang digunakan adalah workshop. Serta pengisisan kuisioner yang berisi pertanyaan untuk dijawab sebelum dan sesudah diberikan ceramah. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa antusiasme masyarakat cukup tinggi dan memberikan respon yang positif terhadap praktik pembuatan silase, dengan dengan tingkat pemahaman mencapai 82,5%. Secara fisik, silase yang dihasilkan memenuhi kriteria silase yang baik yakni memiliki bau khas silase (asam), warna hijau kecoklatan dan bertekstur padat, pH 3,48 dengan tidak adanya jamur. Kandungan nutrisi silase yang tergolong tinggi dengan kandungan PK 10,83% dan EM mencapai 3244,56 Kkal/kg.BK; serta palatabilitas ternak terhadap silase yang tergolong tinggi. Disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pelatihan pembuatan pakan ternak berbahan dasar gamal dengan pendekatan teknologi pembuatan silase dalam mengatasi kekurangan pakan di Desa Kuaken Kecamatan Noemuti Timur Kabupaten TTU, telah dilaksanakan dengan baik dan berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan petani/peternak
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN PEKARANGAN MELALUI SISTEM VERTIKULTUR BUDIDAYA SAYURAN KELOMPOK TANI SINAR MANUMUTI DESA UPFAON
Authors: Tobing Wilda Lumban
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dari pengabdian adalah menjadikan vertikultur sebagai alternatif keterbatasan lahan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat dan persediaan air yang sedikit dalam budidaya sayuran. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan di lahan pekarangan rumah anggota kelompok tani Sinar Manumuti Desa Upfaon, Biboki Selatan, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Kegiatan ini berlangsung selama 2 (dua) bulan (Oktober-Desember 2020). Metode yang digunakan pada pengabdian ini adalah penyuluhan dan pelatihan oleh tim pengabdian sampai kelompok tani terampil dan mandiri yang terdiri dari beberapa kegiatan antara lain : 1) sosialisasi dan pelatihan pembuatan vertikultur; 2) sosialisasi dan pelatihan penggunaan media tanam; 3) sosialisasi dan pelatihan penyemaian benih; 4) sosialisasi dan pelatihan penanaman pada vertikultur; dan 5) sosialisasi dan pelatihan perawatan tanaman.  Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan pengabdian di kelompok tani Sinar Manumuti di Desa Upfaon dapat disumpukan bahwa memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan melalui sistem tanam vertikultur pada budidaya sayuran memberikan solusi bagi lahan dan ketersediaan air yang terbatas, pengabdian telah memberi pengetahuan baru kepada masyarakat mengenai vertikultur dengan banyak kelebihannya, dan anggota Kelompok Tani Sinar Manumuti dapat menghemat pengeluaran belanja kebutuhan pangan keluarga tanpa harus membeli.
Esplendores y miserias de los novelistas hispanoamericanos : lecturas, sociabilidades y trayectorias (1830-1880).
Authors: Canto Mayén Emiliano Enrique
Published: October 2021

Los escritores hispanoamericanos que publicaron al menos una novela, entre 1830 y 1880, son estudiados en este artículo por medio de un análisis que contempla a sus países de origen, su sexo y la edad de publicación de su primera obra narrativa. Esta aproximación elabora un perfil general del novelista en esta región de habla castellana, justo al registrarse la implantación de este género narrativo en este vasto territorio recién independizado de España; se demuestra, además, que un rasgo compartido por los literatos analizados fue su fascinación ante la novela francesa producida en aquellos mismos años.
The Effectiveness of Using Linktree and Wordwall Applications on IPS Learning Outcomes for Class V SDN Cilangkap 01
Authors: Ningtyas Bella Santika Retna , Ninawati Mimin
Published: October 2021

In this globalization era, the development of technology and information is increasingly fast, and it has given a major impact on the world of education. The emergence of various technology applications used to support online learning is because of the development. Linktree and Wordwall applications are new alternatives that students can use in the online learning process. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using Linktree and Wordwall Applications on IPS learning outcomes for Class V Students. This study is quantitative research which requires the use of numbers, starting from data collection, interpretation of the data, as well as the appearance of the results and conclusions. . The method in this study is the correlational method. This method is used to reveal the relationship and the degree of relationship between two or more variables. The data is collected from questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the use of Linktree and Wordwall applications on IPS learning outcomes for Class V students with a correlation coefficient between X1 and Y of 0.365. The provisions of the correlation test by comparing rCount > rTable (0.365 > 0.355) and p-value of 0.022 <0.05. Thus, there is a significant relationship between X1 and Y. The correlation coefficient between X2 and Y is 0.477 > rTable 0.355. The provisions of the correlation test by comparing rCount > rTable = 0.477 and p-value of 0.003 <0.05. Thus, the relationship between X2 and Y is significant
Upaya Pencegahan Covid19 dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Sukri Saipul Al , Fauzi Ahmad , Rustam Afrinaldy , Ghozali Achmad , Rusdi Rusdi , Zulfahmi Zulfahmi
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK  Pola hidup bersih dan menjaga protokol kesehatan 3M harus tetap berjalan meskipun pelaksanaan vaksinasi sudah dilakukan. Langkah ini bertujuan agar kasus baru dan penyebaran Covid19 bisa di hentikan. Dalam upaya itu, dosen dilingkungan UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau melaksanakan Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dimaksudkan memberikan perspektif lain dalam usaha pencegahan dari penularan virus. Salah satunya adalah dengan menjaga kebersihan diri. Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan di desa Tlk.Latak Kab. Bengkalis. kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di aula kantor desa dan diikuti oleh perangkat desa, tokoh masyarakat dan warga. Di akhir sesi, tim pengabdi memberikan cindera mata serta alat prokes berupa masker dan hand sanitizer pada perangkat desa. Kata Kunci: Kebersihan dalam Islam, penyuluhan kesehatan, Covid-19  ABSTRACT A clean lifestyle and maintaining 3M health protocols must continue even though the vaccination has been carried out. This step is intended to stop new cases and the spread of Covid-19. In that effort, lecturers within the UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau carried out community service activities that were intended to provide another perspective in efforts to prevent virus transmission. One of them is to maintain personal hygiene. Service activities are carried out in the village of Tlk. Latak Kab. Bengkalis. This activity was carried out in the village office hall and was attended by village officials, community leaders, and residents. At the end of the session, the service team provided souvenirs and health care tools in the form of masks and hand sanitizers to village officials. Keywords: Cleanliness in Islam, health education, Covid-19
Meningkatkan Kesadaran Masyarakat Ciwaringin Tanah Sewa Tentang Pentingnya Protokol Kesehatan Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nasution Ade Saputra , Oktalaksana Khrisna Noor , Amalia Nicki , Azizah Nita Ratu , Rahmah Syifaur , Sari Wisma
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK Jumlah insidensi meninggal akibat covid-19 terus meningkat di dunia dan negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Terhitung bulan Januari-Februari 2021 terdapat 82 kasus terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 di Kelurahan Cibogor wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bogor Tengah. Sebanyak 16 kasus dari 82 kasus terdapat di wilayah RW 01 Ciwaringin Tanah Sewa Kelurahan Cibogor. Maka penerapan protokol kesehatan menjadi prioritas utama dalam menurunkan maupun menekan penyebaran covid-19. Tujuan serangkaian kegiatan pengabdian ini, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran, pengetahuan, kemampuan, pemahaman dan penerapan protokol kesehatan dalam kehidupan pada masa pandemi dan dapat mencegah penyebaran covid-19 di RW 01 Ciwaringin Tanah Sewa. Adapun serangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa penyuluhan protokol kesehatan secara door to door, lomba CTPS dan lomba menghias masker, dimana kegiatan ini menggunakan media poster dan peralatan lomba. Setelah dilakukan serangkian kegiatan terdapat peningkatan kesadaran, pengetahuan, kemampuan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang menjalankan hidup di masa pandemi dengan protokol kesehatan. Kata Kunci : Protokol kesehatan, penyuluhan, CTPS, masker                                                   ABSTRACTThe number of deaths due to covid-19 continues to increase in the world and developing countries such as Indonesia. As of January-February 2021, there were 82 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 in Cibogor Village, the working area of the Central Bogor Community Health Center. As many as 16 of the 82 cases were in the RW 01 Ciwaringin Tanah Sewa area, Cibogor Village. So the implementation of health protocols is a top priority in reducing and suppressing the spread of covid-19. The purpose of this series of service activities is expected to increase awareness, knowledge, ability, understanding, and application of health protocols in life during the pandemic and can prevent the spread of covid-19 in RW 01 Ciwaringin Tanah Sewa. There were a series of activities carried out in the form of house-to-house health protocol counseling, hand washing competitions with soap and masks decorating competitions, where these activities used posters and competition equipment. After a series of activities were carried out, there was an increase in the awareness, knowledge, abilities, and understanding of the community about living in a pandemic period with health protocols.Keywords: Health protocol, counseling, washing hands with soap, masks
Pemberian Suplemen Jahe Merah Dan Senam Kaki Diabetik Bagi Jamaah Masjid Alam Semesta (MAS) Sempaja Samarinda
Authors: Sukmana Mayusef , Widiastuti Ida Ayu Kade Sri , Sawitri Endang , Hasanah Nurul , Aminuddin Muhammad , Samsugito Iwan , Rahayu Anik Puji , Kurniawan Azi Surya , Leksono Yoga Bowo , Yanwar Syaiful
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK Pelaksanaan kegiatan ibadah di masjid memiliki risiko terjadinya penularan covid-19. Upaya yang dilakukan mencegah penularan selain menerapkan protokol kesehatan adalah dengan meningkatkan imunitas dan meningkatkan kebugaran jamaah masjid melalui pemberian jahe dan senam kaki diabetic. Pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan jamaah masjid Alam Semesta Sempaja Samarinda mampu mempraktikan senam kaki diabetik dan meminum jahe dalam rangka meningkatkan kebugaran dan imunitas tubuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah mendemontrasikan senam kaki diabetic, senam bersama, edukasi manfaat jahe, meminum jahe bersama dan membagikan jahe untuk 7 hari. Kegiatan menerapkan protokol kesehatan melalui pengukuran suhu dan membagikan masker, Kegiatan dikuti oleh seluruh jamaah Masjid Alam Semesta Sempaja berjumlah 80 orang. Para jamaah mampu melakukan senam kaki diabetic dan rutin meminum jahe.    Kata kunci : Senam Kaki Diabetic, Jahe ABSTRACT The implementation of worship activities in mosques has a risk of covid-19 transmission. Efforts made to prevent transmission in addition to implementing health protocols are to increase immunity and improve the fitness of mosque’s congregations through the provision of ginger water and diabetic foot exercises. Community service aims at the congregation of the Alam Semesta Sempaja Samarinda mosque to be able to practice diabetic foot exercises and drink ginger water in order to improve fitness and immunity. The method used was to demonstrate diabetic foot exercise, doing the exercise together, educate the benefits of ginger water, drink ginger water together and distribute ginger water for 7 days. The activity of implementing health protocols by measuring temperature and distributing masks, this activity was attended by 80 congregations of the Alam Semesta Sempaja Mosque. The congregation is able to do diabetic foot exercises and drink ginger water regularly. Keyword: Diabetic Foot Gymnastics, Ginger Water
Characteristics of Obstetric Patients at RSU Cut Meutia North Aceh During the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iskandar
Published: October 2021

Obstetrics is a medical science that specializes in the study of pregnancy and childbirth. This includes the process before during and after a woman gives birth. The scope of obstetrics includes, antepartum bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm pregnancy problems, complications in vaginal delivery, pregnancy with gastrointestinal disorders, hypertension in pregnancy, bleeding in the external and internal genitalia, and other diseases. Abortion was the most common disease group in this study, which was 71.4%. Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before the fetus can live outside the uterus at the age of <20 weeks or weight <500 grams. The incidence of abortion is roughly estimated to be 15-20% and 80% occur in the first trimester. This research is a descriptive study with the research design used is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Obstetrics Inpatient Room at the Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh. The study was carried out in June 2021 with a population and sample of all patients in the Obstetric Inpatient Room at the Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh in 2020. The variables of this study were types of obstetric diseases based on the size group. Univariate analysis was used to describe the characteristics of the types of obstetric diseases that existed in the Obstetric Inpatient Room at the Cut Meutia Hospital North Aceh in 2020. The patients treated in the Obstetric Inpatient Room at the Cut Meutia Hospital North Aceh in 2020 were 244 patients. The percentage of antepartum bleeding was the highest group of diseases in the Obstetrics Inpatient Room at RSU Cut Meutia in 2020, while post-partum bleeding and bleeding in the external and internal genitalia were the least group of diseases. The second most common disease in the Cut Meutia General Hospital in 2020 was hyperemesis gravidarum, then premature rupture of membranes, followed by retained placenta, blighted ovum and preeclampsia.
Systematic Review of Reciprocal Changes after Spinal Reconstruction Surgery : Do Not Miss the Forest for the Trees
Authors: Kim Chang-Wook , Hyun Seung-Jae , Kim Ki-Jeong
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this review was to synthesize the research on global spinal alignment and reciprocal changes following cervical or thoracolumbar reconstruction surgery. We carried out a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies through May 2020, and ultimately included 11 articles. The optimal goal of a truly balanced spine is to maintain the head over the femoral heads. When spinal imbalance occurs, the human body reacts through various compensatory mechanisms to maintain the head over the pelvis and to retain a horizontal gaze. Historically, deformity correction has focused on correcting scoliosis and preventing scoliotic curve progression. Following substantial correction of a spinal deformity, reciprocal changes take place in the flexible segments proximal and distal to the area of correction. Restoration of lumbar lordosis following surgery to correct a thoracolumbar deformity induces reciprocal changes in T1 slope, cervical lordosis, pelvic shift, and lower extremity parameters. Patients with cervical kyphosis exhibit different patterns of reciprocal changes depending on whether they have head-balanced or trunk-balanced kyphosis. These reciprocal changes should be considered to in order to prevent secondary spine disorders. We emphasize the importance of evaluating the global spinal alignment to assess postoperative changes.
Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system and physical interpretation of their results
Authors: Kholmetskii Alexander L. , Yarman Tolga , Yarman Ozan , Arik Metin
Published: October 2021

We discuss the results of modern Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system, which show the presence of an extra energy shift between the emitted and absorbed resonant radiation in addition to the relativistic energy shift of the resonant lines due to the time dilation effect in the co-rotating source and absorber with different radial coordinates. We analyse the available attempts to explain the origin of the extra energy shift, which include some extensions of special theory of relativity with hypothesis about the existence of limited acceleration in nature, with hypothesis about a so-called «time-dependent Doppler effect», as well as in the framework of the general theory of relativity under re-analysis of the metric effects in the rotating system, which is focused to the problem of correct synchronisation of clocks in a rotating system with a laboratory clock. We show that all such attempts remain unsuccessful until the moment, and we indicate possible ways of solving this problem, which should combine metric effects in rotating systems with quantum mechanical description of resonant nuclei confined in crystal cells.
Identity and Nation: Comparing Egyptian and Israeli Bedouin Policy
Authors: Wisniewski Jessica
Published: October 2021

In many ways, the Egyptian and Israeli states fail to 'see' the Bedouin and therefore situate them as a group "in but not of the global order," an order where nations and states represent contingent identities and socio-political organizations. However, the Bedouin are not legally recognized as a distinct nation nor as indigenous peoples in neither Egypt nor Israel, and Egyptian Nationalism and Zionism reject the Bedouin as part of their nation, or 'imagined community.' This concept of nationalism strongly influences policy, and as a result, leads to the discrimination of the Bedouin through internal colonial policies, land seizure, suspension of human rights, and exclusionary economic policy. Despite Egypt and Israel's different political systems, the outcome for the Bedouin in both countries is remarkably similar.
DETECTION OF OIL POLLUTION IMPACTS ON VEGETATION USING SAR AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES
Authors: Oduola Adewale Aziz , Chermoshentsev Alexander Yu.
Published: October 2021

Oil pollution damages terrestrial ecosystems. Now there is a need to improve existing methods for detecting, mapping and quantifying existing oil spills at an early stage. The paper discusses the method of oil spill detection based on the spectral characteristics of an optical image and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data.
OVERVIEW OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION TOOLS
Authors: Chertkova Yana V. , Katasonov Denis N. , Batalova Karina V.
Published: October 2021

This article provides an overview of the most commonly used modern 3D reconstruction tools. The authors divide all tools into active and passive, depending on the presence or absence of impact on the reconstructed object. For each technology, its advantages and disadvantages are given. Also, for some tools, the features of scanned objects have been determined, due to which problems arise during reconstruction.
HYBRID LASER SYSTEM FOR CREATING PRINTED ELECTRONICS
Authors: Batalova Karina V. , Chertkova Yana V. , Katasonov Denis N.
Published: October 2021

This article deals with the problem of printing current-conducting circuits on various substrates. The article provides an overview of modern technologies for solving this problem. The author describes a hybrid laser system that solves the problem under consideration. This device uses modern technologies and materials that show good results in research. A brief description of the software for preparing data for this system is also provided.
VIDA MARIA E O ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES
Authors: Ramon Rosangela , De Souza Nagmar Ferreira , Klüber Tiago Emanuel
Published: October 2021

Este texto explicita uma compreensão de cunho qualitativo sobre o ensino da Matemática que emergiu da discussão do curta-metragem Vida Maria. Para buscar tal compreensão, assumimos uma postura fenomenológica hermenêutica e deixamo-nos conduzir pela interrogação: o que se mostra do diálogo realizado ao relacionar o ensino da Matemática e o curta-metragem Vida Maria? Ao adentrar no dito pelos sujeitos significativos, na sua maioria professores, o movimento de análise permitiu-nos chegar a dois núcleos de ideias: perpetuação do ensino da Matemática e o movimento de realizar rupturas e mudanças no ensino da Matemática, que, ao serem interpretados, nos revelaram que poucas mudanças ocorreram com relação ao ensino da Matemática, visto que fica evidenciado um certo enraizamento de uma tradição na forma de ensinar esta ciência. Outros aspectos evidenciados referem-se à busca pela “forma de ensinar”, à valorização do processo de mudança e à importância de um coletivo para que as mudanças aconteçam.
O IMPACTO PROVOCADO PELA PANDEMIA DO COVID-19 NAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Fávaro Leandro Costa , Fonseca Letícia Rodrigues da , Luciano Thaise Daiane de Souza , Minasi Luis Fernando , Silva Marcelo Ribeiro , Lahmann Daiane Fernandes Pereira
Published: October 2021

Devido ao cenário global pandêmico do Covid-19, tornou-se necessário materializar novas estruturas e formas de conduzir o processo de ensino-aprendizagem nas instituições de ensino. Mediante a este contexto, justifica-se a realização deste estudo que buscou, como objetivo principal, desvelar e descrever o impacto desta movimentação nas práticas pedagógicas efetivadas por professores de matemática da educação básica. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso qualitativo em uma escola privada localizada na Região Sul de Minas Gerais, com aproximadamente 500 estudantes. Foram entrevistados seis professores. Os relatos obtidos por meio das entrevistas foram analisados por meio da técnica de codificação. Ao final, constataram-se dificuldades relacionadas à escassez de recursos materiais e à precariedade da qualificação para uso de recursos tecnológicos disponíveis para ministrar as aulas. Por outro lado, os professores reconheceram que este contexto possibilita o desenvolvimento de novos conhecimentos, a ressignificação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e, por consequência, a modificação futura das metodologias de ensino presenciais.
The Visual, Auditory, and Physical Environment of Livestock Handling Facilities and Its Effect on Ease of Movement of Cattle, Pigs, and Sheep
Authors: Grandin Temple
Published: October 2021

The visual, auditory, and physical environment livestock are handled in will have an effect on the ease of movement through races and corrals that are used for veterinary treatment, loading trucks or at slaughter houses. When livestock refuse to move easily through a handling facility, people are more likely to use electric goads (prods) or other aversive methods to move them forward. This is a major animal welfare concern. Modification of the environment can improve livestock movement and reduce aversive handling methods. In existing facilities used for handling cattle, pigs or sheep, simple changes such as, adding a light to a dark race entrance or reducing loud intermittent noise may improve livestock movement. Eliminating distractions such as, a noisy truck near a lairage can also facilitate cattle movement and reduce stopping or turning back. In an outdoor facility, sharp shadows on the floor were more likely to be associated with cattle stopping compared to no shadows or soft faint shadows. The installation of small solid walls to prevent approaching animals from seeing either moving equipment, vehicles or people in front of them may also improve forward livestock movement. Non-slip flooring is essential to prevent slipping and falling during handling. Rebuilding or completely redesigning an existing facility is often not required. Outcome based indicators should be used to assess continuous improvements in handling. Some of the commonly used measurable of handling are slipping and falling, stopping, turning back, vocalization during handling and electric prod use. Collecting data both before and after an environmental modification can be used to determine its effectiveness.
A CRISPR-Cas12b–Based Platform for Ultrasensitive, Rapid, and Highly Specific Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes B and C in Clinical Application
Authors: Chen Xu , Tan Yan , Wang Shuoshi , Wu Xueli , Liu Rui , Yang Xinggui , Wang Yi , Tai Jun , Li Shijun
Published: October 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most dangerous and prevalent agents that causes acute and chronic liver diseases in humans. Genotyping plays an important role in determining clinical outcomes and response to antiviral treatment in HBV–infected patients. Here, we first devised a CRISPR–based testing platform, termed “CRISPR-HBV,” for ultrasensitive, highly specific, and rapid detection of two major HBV genotypes (HBV-B and HBV-C) in clinical application. The CRISPR-HBV employed multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) for rapid preamplification and then Cas12b–based detection for decoding the targets. Finally, the detection result was read out with real-time fluorescence and a lateral flow biosensor. The sensitivity of CRISPR-HBV was 10 copies per test. The specificity was one hundred percent, and no cross reactions were observed in other HBV genotypes and pathogens. The whole detection process, including DNA template extraction (15 min), preamplification reaction of MCDA (30 min at 65°C), CRISPR-Cas12b–based detection (5 min at 37°C), and results readout (∼2 min), could be completed within 1 h. The feasibility of the CRISPR-HBV assay for genotyping HBV-B and -C as successfully validated with clinical samples. Hence, the CRISPR-HBV assay has remarkable potential to develop a point-of-care testing for identifying and distinguishing HBV genotypes B and C in clinical settings, especially in resource-scarcity countries.
Endogenous SO2 Controls Cell Apoptosis: The State-of-the-Art
Authors: Li Yingying , Feng Yingjun , Ye Xiaoyun , Peng Hanlin , Du Jiantong , Yao Xiaoli , Huang Yaqian , Jin Hongfang , Du Junbao
Published: October 2021

SO2, previously known as the product of industrial waste, has recently been proven to be a novel gasotransmitter in the cardiovascular system. It is endogenously produced from the metabolism pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids in mammalians. Endogenous SO2 acts as an important controller in the regulation of many biological processes including cardiovascular physiological and pathophysiological events. Recently, the studies on the regulatory effect of endogenous SO2 on cell apoptosis and its pathophysiological significance have attracted great attention. Endogenous SO2 can regulate the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, neuron, alveolar macrophages, polymorphonuclear neutrophils and retinal photoreceptor cells, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial injury, brain injury, acute lung injury, and retinal disease. Therefore, in the present study, we described the current findings on how endogenous SO2 is generated and metabolized, and we summarized its regulatory effects on cell apoptosis, underlying mechanisms, and pathophysiological relevance.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Therapeutic Resistance of Malignant Primary Brain Tumors
Authors: Gareev Ilgiz , Beylerli Ozal , Liang Yanchao , Xiang Huang , Liu Chunyang , Xu Xun , Yuan Chao , Ahmad Aamir , Yang Guang
Published: October 2021

Brain tumors in children and adults are challenging tumors to treat. Malignant primary brain tumors (MPBTs) such as glioblastoma have very poor outcomes, emphasizing the need to better understand their pathogenesis. Developing novel strategies to slow down or even stop the growth of brain tumors remains one of the major clinical challenges. Modern treatment strategies for MPBTs are based on open surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. However, none of these treatments, alone or in combination, are considered effective in controlling tumor progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18–22 nucleotide long endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by interacting with 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of mRNA-targets. It has been proven that miRNAs play a significant role in various biological processes, including the cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, etc. Over the last decade, there has been an emergence of a large number of studies devoted to the role of miRNAs in the oncogenesis of brain tumors and the development of resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Wherein, among the variety of molecules secreted by tumor cells into the external environment, extracellular vesicles (EVs) (exosomes and microvesicles) play a special role. Various elements were found in the EVs, including miRNAs, which can be transported as part of these EVs both between neighboring cells and between remotely located cells of different tissues using biological fluids. Some of these miRNAs in EVs can contribute to the development of resistance to radio- and chemotherapy in MPBTs, including multidrug resistance (MDR). This comprehensive review examines the role of miRNAs in the resistance of MPBTs (e.g., high-grade meningiomas, medulloblastoma (MB), pituitary adenomas (PAs) with aggressive behavior, and glioblastoma) to chemoradiotherapy and pharmacological treatment. It is believed that miRNAs are future therapeutic targets in MPBTs and such the role of miRNAs needs to be critically evaluated to focus on solving the problems of resistance to therapy this kind of human tumors.
Social Jetlag and Cardiometabolic Risk in Preadolescent Children
Authors: Castro Nicholas , Diana Jake , Blackwell Jade , Faulkner James , Lark Sally , Skidmore Paula , Hamlin Michael , Signal Leigh , Williams Michelle A. , Stoner Lee
Published: October 2021

Objective: Childhood cardiometabolic disease risk (CMD) has been associated with short sleep duration. Its relationship with other aspects of sleep should also be considered, including social jetlag (SJL) which represents the difference between a person's social rhythms and circadian clock. This study investigated whether childhood CMD risk is associated with sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and SJL.

Study Design: The observational study included 332 children aged 8–10 years (48.5% female). The three independent variables were sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and SJL. SJL was calculated as the variation in hours between the midpoint of sleep during free (weekend) days and work/school days. Eleven cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured, including central blood pressure, lipids, glycated hemoglobin, arterial wave reflection, and glucose. Underlying CMD risk factors were identified using factor analysis.

Results: Four underlying CMD risk factors were identified using factor analysis: blood pressure, cholesterol, vascular health, and carbohydrate metabolism. Neither sleep disturbances nor sleep duration were significantly associated with any of the four CMD factors following adjustments to potential confounders. However, SJL was significantly linked to vascular health (p = 0.027) and cholesterol (p = 0.025).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that SJL may be a significant and measurable public health target for offsetting negative CMD trajectories in children. Further studies are required to determine biological plausibility.
Bonding With Bot: User Feedback on a Chatbot for Social Isolation
Authors: Dosovitsky Gilly , Bunge Eduardo L.
Published: October 2021

Social isolation has affected people globally during the COVID-19 pandemic and had a major impact on older adult's well-being. Chatbot interventions may be a way to provide support to address loneliness and social isolation in older adults. The aims of the current study were to (1) understand the distribution of a chatbot's net promoter scores, (2) conduct a thematic analysis on qualitative elaborations to the net promoter scores, (3) understand the distribution of net promoter scores per theme, and (4) conduct a single word analysis to understand the frequency of words present in the qualitative feedback. A total of 7,099 adults and older adults consented to participate in a chatbot intervention on reducing social isolation and loneliness. The average net promoter score (NPS) was 8.67 out of 10. Qualitative feedback was provided by 766 (10.79%) participants which amounted to 898 total responses. Most themes were rated as positive (517), followed by neutral (311) and a minor portion as negative (70). The following five themes were found across the qualitative responses: positive outcome (277, 30.8%), user did not address question (262, 29.2%), bonding with the chatbot (240, 26.7%), negative technical aspects (70, 7.8%), and ambiguous outcome (49, 5.5%). Themes with a positive valence were found to be associated with a higher NPS. The word “help” and it's variations were found to be the most frequently used words, which is consistent with the thematic analysis. These results show that a chatbot for social isolation and loneliness was perceived positively by most participants. More specifically, users were likely to personify the chatbot (e.g., “Cause I feel like I have a new friend!”) and perceive positive personality features such as being non-judgmental, caring, and open to listen. A minor portion of the users reported dissatisfaction with chatting with a machine. Implications will be discussed.
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Reproductive Health in Boys and Men
Authors: Rodprasert Wiwat , Toppari Jorma , Virtanen Helena E.
Published: October 2021

Male reproductive health has declined as indicated by increasing rates of cryptorchidism, i.e., undescended testis, poor semen quality, low serum testosterone level, and testicular cancer. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been proposed to have a role in this finding. In utero exposure to antiandrogenic EDCs, particularly at a sensitive period of fetal testicular development, the so-called ‘masculinization programming window (MPW)’, can disturb testicular development and function. Low androgen effect during the MPW can cause both short- and long-term reproductive disorders. A concurrent exposure to EDCs may also affect testicular function or damage testicular cells. Evidence from animal studies supports the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in development of male reproductive disorders. However, evidence from epidemiological studies is relatively mixed. In this article, we review the current literature that evaluated relationship between prenatal EDC exposures and anogenital distance, cryptorchidism, and congenital penile abnormality called hypospadias. We review also studies on the association between early life and postnatal EDC exposure and semen quality, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormone levels and testicular cancer.
Association Between 25(OH)Vitamin D, HbA1c and Albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus: Data From a Population-Based Study (VIDAMAZON)
Authors: Felício João Soares , de Rider Britto Hana Andrade , Cortez Pedro Celeira , de Souza Resende Fabrício , de Lemos Manuela Nascimento , de Moraes Lorena Vilhena , de Aquino Vitória Teixeira , de Souza Parente Fernanda , de Queiroz Natércia Neves Marques , Abrahão Neto João Felício , de Alcântara Angélica Leite , da Silva Wanderson Maia , de Souza Neto Norberto Jorge Kzan , Freire Piani Pedro Paulo , de Souza Ícaro José Araújo , Silva Lilian de Souza D’Albuquerque , de Oliveira Maria Clara Neres Iunes , Said Nivin Mazen , Nascimento de Lemos Gabriela , de Melo Franciane Trindade Cunha , Gomes Daniela Lopes , Contente Braga de Souza Ana Carolina , de Sá Oliveira dos Reis Melissa , Leal Valéria Suênya Galvão , Lobato Isabel Jane Campos , Felício Karem Miléo
Published: October 2021

Background

The effect of glycemic control on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is well known. Recent evidence has suggested that Vitamin D (VD) may have a nephroprotective effect in diabetes, but the relationship between VD, glycemic control, and albuminuria has yet to be clarified.

Objective

Evaluate the relationship between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D], HbA1c, and albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Patients and Methods

Cross-sectional study with 1576 individuals with DM who had 25(OH)D, HbA1c, and albuminuria levels measured. Patients with abnormal creatinine levels were excluded, in order to avoid interference on VD levels by impaired kidney function.

Results

Patients with HbA1c ≥7% had lower 25(OH)D when compared to patients with HbA1c <7% (29.7 ± 10.2 vs 28.1 ± 9.9 ng/ml, p = 0.003) and 25(OH)D levels seems to predict 1.5% of HbA1c behavior. The 25(OH)D concentrations in patients with normoalbuminuria were higher than the levels observed in those with micro or macroalbuminuria (29.8 ± 9.0 vs 26.8 ± 8.6 and 25.1 ± 7.6, respectively, p = 0.001), patients who had 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml and 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml were at a higher risk of presenting albuminuria [OR = 2.8 (95% CI = 1.6 – 4.9), p<0.001, and OR = 2.1 (95% CI = 1.3 - 4.6), p<0.001, respectively]. In our regression model, albuminuria was influenced by HbA1c (r² = 0.076, p<0.00001) and 25(OH)D (r² = 0.018, p = 0.002) independently.

Conclusion

Our study found an association between vitamin D levels, HbA1c and DKD. Additionally, our data suggest that the association between urinary albumin excretion and vitamin D levels is independent of glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Even though our patients presented normal creatinine levels, it is necessary further prospective studies to confirm if this association precedes or not the loss of renal function.
Bariatric Surgery Induces a Differential Effect on Plasma Aldosterone in Comparison to Dietary Advice Alone
Authors: Berney Maxime , Vakilzadeh Nima , Maillard Marc , Faouzi Mohamed , Grouzmann Eric , Bonny Olivier , Favre Lucie , Wuerzner Grégoire
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives

The pathophysiological mechanisms linking weight loss to blood pressure (BP) reduction are not completely understood. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on BP, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and urinary electrolytes excretion to those of dietary advice.

Methods

This was a case-control prospective study including obese patients referred for RYGB (cases) and obese receiving diet advice only (controls). Ambulatory BP, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and urinary electrolytes were measured before (M0) and after intervention (M3: 3 months and M12: 12 months).

Results

Twenty-five patients were included in the RYGB group and twelve patients in the control group. After 12 months, weight loss (-42 ± 11.5 vs -12.3 ± 6.3 kg in the control group, p=0.001) and decrease in PAC were more pronounced in the RYGB group (-34 ± 76 vs +14 ± 45 pg/ml in the control group, p=0.002). There was no difference in PRA between both groups (-0.08 ± 1.68 vs 0.01 ± 0.37 ng/ml/h, p=0.31). Sodium excretion was more marked in the RYGB group after 3 months only (-89 ± 14.9 vs -9.9 ± 27.9 mmol/day, p=0.009). The decrease in SBP was similar between both groups (-6.9 ± 9.9 vs -7.1 ± 11.9 mmHg in the control group, p=0.96).

Conclusions

Bariatric-induced weight loss induces a progressive decrease in PAC independently of PRA and sodium excretion. Whether this decrease in PAC affects target organ damage in the long term remains to be determined.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02218112.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1α RNase Activity Protects Pancreatic Beta Cell and Improves Diabetic Condition in Insulin Mutation-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Herlea-Pana Oana , Eeda Venkateswararao , Undi Ram Babu , Lim Hui-Ying , Wang Weidong
Published: October 2021

β-cell ER stress plays an important role in β-cell dysfunction and death during the pathogenesis of diabetes. Proinsulin misfolding is regarded as one of the primary initiating factors of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation in β-cells. Here, we found that the ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) was activated in the Akita mice, a mouse model of mutant insulin gene-induced diabetes of youth (MIDY), a monogenic diabetes. Normalization of IRE1α RNase hyperactivity by pharmacological inhibitors significantly ameliorated the hyperglycemic conditions and increased serum insulin levels in Akita mice. These benefits were accompanied by a concomitant protection of functional β-cell mass, as shown by the suppression of β-cell apoptosis, increase in mature insulin production and reduction of proinsulin level. At the molecular level, we observed that the expression of genes associated with β-cell identity and function was significantly up-regulated and ER stress and its associated inflammation and oxidative stress were suppressed in islets from Akita mice treated with IRE1α RNase inhibitors. This study provides the evidence of the in vivo efficacy of IRE1α RNase inhibitors in Akita mice, pointing to the possibility of targeting IRE1α RNase as a therapeutic direction for the treatment of diabetes.
The Behavioral Toxicity of Insect Growth Disruptors on Apis mellifera Queen Care
Authors: Litsey Eliza M. , Chung Siwon , Fine Julia D.
Published: October 2021

As social insects, honey bees (Apis mellifera) rely on the coordinated performance of various behaviors to ensure that the needs of the colony are met. One of the most critical of these behaviors is the feeding and care of egg laying honey bee queens by non-fecund female worker attendants. These behaviors are crucial to honey bee reproduction and are known to be elicited by the queen’s pheromone blend. The degree to which workers respond to this blend can vary depending on their physiological status, but little is known regarding the impacts of developmental exposure to agrochemicals on this behavior. This work investigated how exposing workers during larval development to chronic sublethal doses of insect growth disruptors affected their development time, weight, longevity, and queen pheromone responsiveness as adult worker honey bees. Exposure to the juvenile hormone analog pyriproxyfen consistently shortened the duration of pupation, and pyriproxyfen and diflubenzuron inconsistently reduced the survivorship of adult bees. Finally, pyriproxyfen and methoxyfenozide treated bees were found to be less responsive to queen pheromone relative to other treatment groups. Here, we describe these results and discuss their possible physiological underpinnings as well as their potential impacts on honey bee reproduction and colony performance.
Non-kin Cooperation in Ants
Authors: Suarez Andrew V. , Goodisman Michael A. D.
Published: October 2021

Eusociality represents an extreme form of social behavior characterized by a reproductive division of labor. Eusociality necessarily evolved through kin selection, which requires interactions among related individuals. However, many eusocial taxa also show cooperation between non-kin groups, challenging the idea that cooperative actions should only occur among relatives. This review explores the causes and consequences of non-kin cooperation in ants. Ants display a diversity of behaviors that lead to non-kin cooperation within and between species. These interactions occur among both reproductive and non-reproductive individuals. The proximate and ultimate mechanisms leading to non-kin cooperative interactions differ substantially depending on the biotic and abiotic environment. We end this review with directions for future research and suggest that the investigation of non-kin cooperative actions provides insight into processes leading to social evolution.
The Expression Regulatory Network in the Lung Tissue of Tibetan Pigs Provides Insight Into Hypoxia-Sensitive Pathways in High-Altitude Hypoxia
Authors: Yang Yanan , Yuan Haonan , Yang Tianliang , Li Yongqing , Gao Caixia , Jiao Ting , Cai Yuan , Zhao Shengguo
Published: October 2021

To adapt to a low-oxygen environment, Tibetan pigs have developed a series of unique characteristics and can transport oxygen more effectively; however, the regulation of the associated processes in high-altitude animals remains elusive. We performed mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq, and we constructed coexpression regulatory networks of the lung tissues of Tibetan and Landrace pigs. HBB, AGT, COL1A2, and EPHX1 were identified as major regulators of hypoxia-induced genes that regulate blood pressure and circulation, and they were enriched in pathways related to signal transduction and angiogenesis, such as HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, mTOR, and AMPK. HBB may promote the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen as well as angiogenesis for high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan pigs. The expression of MMP2 showed a similar tendency of alveolar septum thickness among the four groups. These results indicated that MMP2 activity may lead to widening of the alveolar wall and septum, alveolar structure damage, and collapse of alveolar space with remarkable fibrosis. These findings provide a perspective on hypoxia-adaptive genes in the lungs in addition to insights into potential candidate genes in Tibetan pigs for further research in the field of high-altitude adaptation.
Case Report: A Case of Epileptic Disorder Associated With a Novel CNTN2 Frameshift Variant in Homozygosity due to Maternal Uniparental Disomy
Authors: Chen Wenjie , Chen Fei , Shen Yiping , Yang Zhixian , Qin Jiong
Published: October 2021

Background: Contactin 2, encoded by CNTN2 on chromosome 1q32.1, is a neural-specific glycoprotein and plays important roles in neurodevelopment. A deleterious homozygous variant in the CNTN2 gene was previously reported to cause autosomal recessive cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy. Since then, there has been no further report confirming the association of CNTN2 and epilepsy. Here, we reported one new case, who presented with epilepsy, carrying a novel homozygous frameshift variant in CNTN2. The clinical and genetic features of the patient were reviewed.

Case presentation: The male patient presented with preschool age-of-onset neurodevelopmental impairment and focal seizures of temporal origin, and responded to valproate. A trio-whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous frameshift variant in CNTN2 (c.2873_c.2874delCT, p.Thr958Thrfs). The patient’s mother was a heterozygous carrier while his father was wild-type; they were both unaffected and non-consanguineous. Further study revealed that maternal uniparental disomy (1q32.1) unmasked the heterozygous variant of CNTN2 in the proband.

Conclusions: This case enhanced the gene–disease relationship between CNTN2 and epilepsy, which will help to further understand this emerging disorder.