bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet technology as one of distance education during pandemic
Authors: Mokliuk Mykola , Popova Olha , Soroka Maryna , Babchenko Yanina , Ivashchenko Irina
Published: January 2022

The article aims at allowing you to deepen the knowledge of the program material on computer science and, as a consequence, will increase the efficiency of the educational process as a whole during a pandemic, will increase the motivation of students to the subject; will allow developing students' abilities for self-development, self-education. Based on the purpose, subject, hypothesis of the research, the following tasks were solved: scientific methodological and pedagogical literature on the topic of research was studied; revealed the content and essence of Internet technologies; an Internet resource has been developed that allows organizing the process of distance learning in informatics; tested the effectiveness of its use in the process of teaching computer science to students. The practical significance of the study lies in the creation of an educational Internet resource that allows students to acquire the skills to independently create a Web site. This Internet resource can be used for forms of work in informatics in any educational institution during a pandemic.
Thermodinamics and Mutual Distribution of Macromolecules in the Systems: Chlorine Chlorocontaining Polymers
Authors:   Doctor of Technical Sciences, ProfessorAcademician of the European Academy of Natural Sciences Professor, Department of Organic Substances and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Seyfi Shixaliyev Kerem
Published: January 2022

In given work a scientific base compatibility of polymers, produced by industry have been studied by revealing of thermodynamically regularities of polymer mixtures. The most significant thermodynamic regularities of the mixtures of polyolefin , produced by industry and heterochained polymers have been revealed and on this base the scientific bases of their compatibility have been developed for creation of multicomponent compositional materials with given complex of operating properties. Key words: polymer-polymer mixtures, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), polymethylmetaacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene of low density (PELD), chlorcarboxylated polyethylene of low density (CCPE) chlorinated PELD (CPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), criteria of compatibility, chlorination, upper and lower critical temperature, specific holding of volume, Qibbs mixing energy, parameter of solubility, distribution of macromolecules, chlorine-chlorocontaining polymers, polar groups, thermodynamically compatibility, sorbate, gas-carrier.
Ferrous Complexes with Bis (Meo) in Α-Substituted Tris (Pyridin-2-Ylmethyl) Amine Ligands: Effect of the Bis (Meo) in Α- Substituents in Dioxygen Activation and Biomimetic Reactivity
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus, Syria., Thallaj Dr. Nasser K
Published: January 2022

This report describes how the coordination of FeCl2 with tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine (TPA) ligands offers the possibilty to activate the molecular dioxygen in biomimetic processes. . It includes all procedures taken to the case for major oxidation reactions carried out in Nature under particular conditions. The aim of the this paper is to present the outcome of a thorough study for complex coordinations with ligands substituted by groups known as electron donors. It demonstrates how ligands with methoxy substituents are likely to be demethylated, and therefore providing entities potentially useful in synthesis. Targeting in modulating the electronic properties at the metal center, a new type of ligand (MeO)2TPA has been prepared and the complex of (MeO)2TPAFeCl2 has been studied by uv-visble ; 1H RMN paramagnatic and conductometry. The effect of (MeO) group in α-substituted on the structure as well as the effect of substitution on the oxygenation of the complex has been verified. Afterwards, the reactivity of the complex towards molecular dioxygen in absence of substrat is checked by uv-visble, 1H RMN paramagnatic and radiocristallography. As well, the reactivity in presence of substrat is tested.
Modeling the Filling Rate of Faeces in Ordinary Pit Latrines
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., Ifeuzu Ugwu Francis , Chukwuemeka Prof. Agunwamba Jonah ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Published: January 2022

Faecal sludge deposited into the pit latrine is subject to biodegradation. The aim of this research was to develop model for the filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrine together with the effect of shape factor on such fillings to prepare the minds of users on the filling characteristics of the pit based on contents, usage and environmental factors. Consequently, faecal sludges sampled from 100 pits already filled were subjected to laboratory analyses for their physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Models for the actual filling rate of faeces in ordinary pit latrines were derived using BOD, COD, VS, and TS data, calibrated and verified. For a more critical situation, models were also derived for the filling rates considering pit shapes that gave the actual pit filling in comparison with the general condition. From the results, the actual filling rate was lower than those obtained using BOD, VS and TS. However, the COD gave filling rate closer to the actual filling rate than other parameters since TS could not be used to assess the filling rate of faeces in pit latrines. The pits exhibited low filling rate in terms of BOD in 2 pits. In terms of COD, the filling rate was higher compared with that of BOD. Low filling rate was observed with volatile solids and only 3 pits exhibited moderately high filling rates whereas total solids had the highest number of pits with high filling rates. The filling rates for both the square and rectangular pits increased by 26.5% from 40 – 90 ℓ/capita/year to 50 – 112 ℓ/capita/year due to the shape factor and this was above the values obtained in existing models while that of the circular pit remained the same. Reduction in pit volume and increase in filling rate by faeces was due to dead corners as a result of clogging, thereby reducing the area available for faecal infiltration into the surrounding soil. Circular pits are more stable because of the natural arching effect of the ground around the hole and there are no corners to concentrate the stresses. Pits with flat sides are much more likely to develop clogging resulting to dead corners than the circular pit. From this study, it is therefore evident that the shape of pit latrine determines the actual volume and the filling rate of faeces in pit latrine taking into consideration geological and environmental factors. Thus for optimal design, our engineers should take note of the pit shape factor. Thus, the model can be used to determine the filling rate of ordinary pit latrines considering soil characteristics, ground conditions and other favourable conditions.
Comparative Study of Physicochemical properties of Soil, Aheri, Maharashtra & Effect of Vermicompost Fertilizer
Authors:   Chemistry ,Priyadarshini J L College of Engineering,Nagpur,India., Gour Dr Kavita
Published: January 2022

Farmers are using chemical fertilizer for farming to extend the yield of crops. Chemical fertilizer reduces soils fertility and it also contaminate ground water table..Recycling of biowaste is necessary to reduces waste .It makes our campus clean likewise as contribute in sustainable development. This waste are often converted into useful fertilizer as a Vermicompost.Vermicompost will enrich the soil and its fertility. Vermicompost also results in decrease the environmental problems. Vermicompost could be a vital biofertilizer and Vermicompost is enriched with all beneficial soil bacteria and also contains many of the essential plant nutrients like N, P, K and micronutrients.(1) Vermicomposting is that the process of production of compost by breeding earthworms, leading to homogeneous and stabilized humus used as manure and significantly increased the quantity of N, P, K and C concentration in vermicompost. The aim of this paper to recycle biowaste and study various physicochemical property of soil and impact of vermicompost fertilizer on soils property of Aheri, Nagpur . The observed values of various physicochemical parameter in all soil samples, after addition of vemicompost is fairly good.
Enhanced Solar Air Heaters For Crop Drying
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bansal Institute of Science & Technology. Bhopal (M.P.), India., Sahu Kamlesh , Sanodiya Gyaneshwar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence (LNCTE) Bhopal (M.P.), India.
Published: January 2022

Solar air heaters are placed on farms to provide heat for the drying of grain and crop harvesting and harvesting. The results of the thermal study showed that solar air heaters are capable of providing a sufficient increase in air temperature under the majority of crop drying circumstances studied. The restricted thermal capacity of air, as well as the low heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and the air flow via the ducting system, both contribute to the overall thermal efficiency of solar air heaters. Solar air heaters must be more efficient in order to be more affordable. This may be accomplished by increasing the heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and the air flow passing through the duct. More heat transfer coefficients can be increased by using either active or passive approaches. In most situations, it may be cost-effective to use solar air heaters and incorporate artificial roughness on the absorber plate. The rate of heat transmission from the solar air heater’s duct to the fluid flow may be increased by creating artificial roughness on the surface of the duct. The study focused on several roughness element geometries for solar air heater ducts, and the results indicated that there is a link between the two. This paper attempts to find ways to artificially increase the heat transfer capacity of solar air heaters’ ducts by using element geometries which have been utilised in solar air heaters’ heat transfer devices.
The Triple Product Rule is Incorrect
Authors:   Scholar/Institute of Science and Innovative Technologies, Liepaja University, Liepaja, Latvia, LV-3401., Stepanov Igor
Published: January 2022

The triple product rule, also known as the cyclic chain rule, cyclic relation, cyclical rule or Euler’s chain rule, relates the partial derivatives of three interdependent variables, and often finds application in thermodynamics. It is shown here that its derivation is wrong, and that this rule is not correct; hence, the Mayer’s relation and the heat capacity ratio, which describe the difference between isobaric and isochoric heat capacities, are also untrue. Also, the relationship linking thermal expansion and isothermal compressibility is wrong. These results are confirmed by many experiments and by the previous theoretical findings of the author.
Numerical Method of the Line for Solving One Dimensional Initial- Boundary Singularly Perturbed Burger Equation
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia., Aliyi Kedir , Muleta Hailu ,   Department of mathematics, College of Natural sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Published: January 2022

In this Research Method of Line is used to find the approximation solution of one dimensional singularly perturbed Burger equation given with initial and boundary conditions. First, the given solution domain is discretized and the derivative involving the spatial variable x is replaced into the functional values at each grid points by using the central finite difference method. Then, the resulting first-order linear ordinary differential equation is solved by the fifth-order Runge-Kutta method. To validate the applicability of the proposed method, one model example is considered and solved for different values of the perturbation parameter ‘ε’ and mesh sizes in the direction of the temporal variable, t. Numerical results are presented in tables in terms of Maximum point-wise error, EN,Δt and rate of convergence, Pε N,Δt. The stability of this new class of Numerical method is also investigated by using Von Neumann stability analysis techniques. The numerical results presented in tables and graphs confirm that the approximate solution is in good agreement with the exact solution.
Modified Moments and Maximum Likelihood Estimators for Parameters of Erlang Truncated Exponential Distribution
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Melmaruvathur – 603319, Tamilnadu., Karuppaiah Kannadasan , Raman Vinoth ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Quality Measurement and Evaluation, Deanship of Quality and Academic Accreditation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam – 31441. Saudi Arabia.
Published: January 2022

This study derives the parameter estimation in truncated form of a continuous distribution which is comparable to Erlang truncated exponential distribution. The shape and scale parameter will predict the whole distributions properties. Approximation will be useful in making the mathematical calculation an easy understand for non-mathematician or statistician. An explicit mathematical derivation is seen for some properties of, Method of Moments, Skewness, Kurtosis, Mean and Variance, Maximum Likelihood Function and Reliability Analysis. We compared ratio and regression estimators empirically based on bias and coefficient of variation.
Infinite Teaching (R) In Collection and (R*) By Allegory and Conformity
Authors:   Department of mathematics and Computer, Faculty of Moin Rasht Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Guilin, Iran., shaldehi Ahmad hedayatpanah , shaldehi Marziyeh hedayatpanah ,   Department of mathematical and Computer, Faculty of Moien Rasht Branch, Technical and Vocational, Taghi Kolachahi Sabet Mohammad ,   Electronic Engineering, shaldehi Mohammad Saeed hedayatpanah ,   Department of mathematics and Computer, Faculty of Shaheed khodadadi Anzali Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Guilin
Published: January 2022

In given work a scientific base compatibility of polymers, produced by industry have been studied by revealing of thermodynamically regularities of polymer mixtures. The most significant thermodynamic regularities of the mixtures of polyolefin , produced by industry and heterochained polymers have been revealed and on this base the scientific bases of their compatibility have been developed for creation of multicomponent compositional materials with given complex of operating properties. Key words: polymer-polymer mixtures, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), polymethylmetaacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene of low density (PELD), chlorcarboxylated polyethylene of low density (CCPE) chlorinated PELD (CPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), criteria of compatibility, chlorination, upper and lower critical temperature, specific holding of volume, Qibbs mixing energy, parameter of solubility, distribution of macromolecules, chlorine-chlorocontaining polymers, polar groups, thermodynamically compatibility, sorbate, gas-carrier.
Comparative Analysis of Similarities and Differences between Null Hypotheses, Assumption of Breach
Authors:   Department of mathematics and Computer, Faculty of Moin Rasht Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Guilin, Iran., Shaldehi Ahmad Hedayatpanah , Shaldehi Mohammad Saeed Hedayatpanah ,   Department of mathematics and Computer, Faculty of Shaheed khodadadi Anzali Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Guilin., Shaldehi Marziyeh Hedayatpanah ,   Department of mathematical and Computer, Faculty of Moien Rasht Branch, Technical and Vocational Vocational University (TVU), Guilin.
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to comparatively study the similarities and differences between of the , null hypothesis and assumption of breach .The null hypothesis , in applied researches, particularly experiments for confirm or rejection .a hypothesis, regard to inferential statistics That used in many different fields of humanities researchers, particularly psychology, education, management and sociological placed assumption of breach, to prove geometric proposition( theorems), which hypothetical temporary, that with the help of reasoning, the false statements, it we conclude. Such a statement may deny our hypotheses or assume reduction ad absurdum. The use of these two words separately and hypothesis alternative in abundance, the world of science and research, has been discussed, but the relationship between these words, mention, yet. Isn’t .This article describes the relation of these assumptions. Likewise, in writing, to the similarity, their differentiation, are mentioned. Including the results, that is, the achieve results null hypothesis, researcher with the error is encountered, but In the Reduction ad absurdum the achieve results, not an error.
Effectiveness of Oral Tests in Improving Learners’ Mathematical Performance
Authors:   Scholar/Institute of Science and Innovative Technologies, Liepaja University, Liepaja, Latvia, LV-3401., Stepanov Igor
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of this paper is, the effect of guided oral questions in mathematics lessons on evaluation formative testing in Increase academic achievement. The sample of the Research consisted of two 23-person classes from computer students at the University of Dr. Moien Rasht. Both classes took pre-test, with a common question from the semester’s lessons. Randomly, Class A was selected as the control, and Class B was selected as the experiment .In Class A, after 6 weeks of teaching, evaluation formative the classical test was formally written (paper-and-pencil) .Group B students, with the same content of Class A teaching, received group Oral (participatory) instead of, formative tests. Group members were selected based on formula, According to the attention, pre-test scores value, and other Indicators. At the end of the semester, both classes were aggregated with the same question, and the scores of both classes were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, t and ES .Statistical analysis showed that learning rate increased in both control and experimental groups. But in cumulative Evaluation, the mean scores of the experimental group were higher than the Average scores of the control group. While in the pre-test, the control group scores were higher than the experimental group. The area under the corresponding curve, ES = .96, is / 831. That is, the area under the curve corresponding to the test group members, on whom the developmental test was orally administered, their mathematics lesson scores were83.15 higher than the control group.
Adam-Bash forth-Multan Predictor Corrector Method for Solving First Order Initial value problem and Its Error Analysis
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Ambo University, P.O.Box. 19, Ambo, Ethiopia., Koroche Kedir Aliyi , Mayu Geleta Kinkino ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Ambo University, P.O.Box. 19, Ambo, Ethiopia.
Published: January 2022

This paper presents fourth order Adams predictor corrector numerical scheme for solving initial value problem. First, the solution domain is discretized. Then the derivatives in the given initial value problem are replaced by finite difference approximations and the numerical scheme that provides algebraic systems of difference equations is developed. The starting points are obtained by using fourth order Runge-Kutta method and then applying the present method to finding the solution of Initial value problem. To validate the applicability of the method, two model examples are solved for different values of mesh size. The stability and convergence of the present method have been investigated. The numerical results are presented by tables and graphs. The present method helps us to get good results of the solution for small value of mesh size h. The proposed method approximates the exact solution very well. Moreover, the present method improves the findings of some existing numerical methods reported in the literature.
On Symmetric Riemann-Derivatives
Authors:   Student, Department of Mathematics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Bolpur (West Bengal), India., Deb S.
Published: January 2022

The basic properties like monotoni city, Darboux property, mean value property of symmetric Riemann-derivatives of order n of a real valued function f at a point x of its domain (a closed interval) is studied. In some cases, function is considered to be continuous or semi-continuous.
A Factor That Comes in Error Which Is Neglected
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, St. Xavier’s College (Kathmandu), Nepal., Dulal Pratyush Raj
Published: January 2022

This research is about a common factor that causes an error in every experiment we perform in laboratories to find out the value of a certain physical quantity. That factor arises when we difference the theoretical value and the experimental value for the same experiment which most probably I have considered as an effect of “something” which is undiscovered till the date. In this paper, there’ll be the inclusion of procedures and observations regarding the birth of that common factor as well as discussion on what might be the cause of that factor from an experimental as well as a theoretical approach. This research paper might unify physics as there is the inclusion of a virtual photon which might have obstructed every experiments one performs. Not only a virtual photon, but it might be any elementary particles or a new elementary particle which hasn’t been discovered till the date. The tentative value of error which comes in the figure of charge of an electron that propelled me to think on virtual photon. By getting raw data of experiments and then differentiating it with respect to theoretical values, we get an error by a slightest of margin. On doing the same procedure for numerous experiments, an error which is multiple of charge of an electron was obtained. Thus, this error is what the research paper is all about. It explains what that error is, why there is an error, and how the error is identified in almost all experiments we perform in laboratories.
Variation of Energy Density and Mass Density of Photon with Wavelength
Authors:   Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Lalitpur-44700, Tribhuvan University, Nepal., Dhobi Saddam Husain , Yadav Kishori ,   Department of Physics, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur-44700, Nepal, Karki Bhishma ,   Department of Physics, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathamndu-44600, Nepal.
Published: January 2022

The mass density and energy density of visible photon is calculated as 10-8 Kgm-3 and 109jm3 respectively. Moreover it is also observed that mass density and energy density of photon depend upon photons mass, wavelength, volume and energy. This is clear from figure 1, figure 2 and literatures. Therefore the mass density and energy density of photon varies with masses of photon, wavelength, volume, etc.
A Brief Insight on Simulation and Space-Time
Authors:   Department of Physics, St. Xavier’s College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal, Sapkota Reyan Kumar
Published: January 2022

Throughout most of human history, events and phenomena of interest have been characterized using space and time as their major characteristic dimensions, in either absolute or relative conceptualizations. Space–Time analysis seeks to understand when and where (and sometimes why) things occur. Ever since Einstein introduced this topic in his “General Theory of Relativity” (a remarkable feat) in 1915, many explanations, assumptions about Space-Time have been published. The authentic archives of Space-Time have helped us to predict and express the ongoing spatial phenomena of the Universe. The strangeness of Space-Time forces Young Researchers and Physicists to study upon the current predictions and theories, sink into the ocean of Space-Time mystery and come up with their own predictions. Besides Space-Time, the predictions about us being in a Simulation is a recent concept. Nick Bostrom’s trilemma “the Simulation argument”, published in 2003 led to the commencement of further oddly satisfying, real life evidence enriched, research papers. “Two possibilities exist: either we are alone in the Universe or we are not. Both are equally terrifying.”- by Andrew C Clarke. Throughout the paper, the Loaf Space-Time model and brief insights on other hypotheses about the structure of the mysterious space-time will be presented with insightful examples, authentic research outcomes, which will be linked with the Simulation Hypothesis.
Inactivation of Airborne Viruses using Newly Designed Emitron
Authors:   Unimech Healthcare, Bangalore (Karnataka), India., K Ramakrishna , K Chaya ,   Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, (Karnataka), India., Mane Rohit S ,   Unimech Healthcare, Bangalore (Karnataka), India.
Published: January 2022

The objective of the current research is to validate the microbiological quality of Emitron against MS2 phage, Corona virus, bacteria, yeast, and molds. Unimech healthcare designed PMEE based Emitron which is mostly used to reduce the microbial count and virus count in an area. To perform microbiological testing of the Emitron, environmental monitoring was performed for MS2 phage, Corona virus, bacteria, yeast, and molds before and after treatment by settle plate method. Petri plates of sterilized Phage agar, SCDA and PDA media were prepared and exposed for environment monitoring before and after treatment by settle plate method. The phage agar and SCDA plates were incubated at 37°C for 72 hours and PDA plates incubated at 25°C for 5 days. Total of 99% reduction was reported in microbiology lab with respect to the microorganisms after installing Emitron. We can conclude that the Unimech healthcare’s Emitron is virus attenuation device so one can use it to purify the air and kill the viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other microbes.
A Comprehensive Study of Mass Accretion and Atmospheric Effect of Raindrop
Authors:   Department of Physics, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata (West Bengal), India., Dey Sneha , Ghorai Dr. A. ,   Associated Professor, Department of Physics, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
Published: January 2022

The mass accretion of a raindrop in different layers of the atmosphere is not dealt with so far. A comprehensive brief study of the motion of raindrops through the atmosphere (i) without mass accretion, (ii) with mass accretion and (iii) finally pressure variation in the atmosphere with altitude using Bernoulli’s equation is illustrated. Acquirement of mass from moist air is mass accretion and mass accretion during the motion of raindrop through resistive medium holds an arbitrary power-law equation. Bernoulli’s equation when applied to it, the generalized first-order differential equation is reduced to a polynomial equation. Results show a single intersecting point of approximate terminal velocity 1 m/s and mass 10-06 mg as illustrated. Terminal velocity is achieved within 25 sec. There is the approximate exponential growth of terminal velocity. An increase in momentum is due to mass accretion during motion. Various conditions of no mass accretion and mass accretion show the same result while for atmospheric effect using Bernoulli’s equation the first-order differential equation reduces to a polynomial equation.
Mass Accretion During the Motion of Raindrops
Authors:   Department of Physics, Maulana Azad College, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road, Kolkata (West Bengal), India., Dey Sneha , Ghorai A. ,   School of Science, Jangalpur Road, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.
Published: January 2022

Exploration of dynamics of raindrops is one of the simple yet most complicated mechanical problems. Mass accretion from moist air during the motion of raindrop through resistive medium holds an arbitrary power law equation. Its integral part is the change of shape, terminal motions and terminal solutions, etc. Classical Newtonian formalism is used to formulate a mathematical model of generalized first order differential equation. We have discussed about the terminal velocity of raindrop and its variation with the extensive use of python program and library. It is found that terminal velocity 𝐯𝐓𝐜𝛂𝛃 is achieved within 20 seconds where 𝛂=, 𝛃=(𝟎,𝟏) and 𝐧=𝟎,𝟏,𝟐,𝟑,𝟒,…. Its variations due to mass accretion roughly follows the earlier predicted range 𝐠/𝟕 to 𝐠/𝟑.
Method of Group Decision Making for Production Planning of the Oil Refinery Plant
Authors:   Professor, Department of Organic Substances and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan., Seyfi Shixaliyev Kerem , Səlimov Vaqif.H. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry Universitety.
Published: January 2022

This article is devoted to the problem of decision making under uncertainty. An aggregated approach is used that combines optimization and choice of a solution, which makes it possible to obtain a more realistic solution. The criteria in the vector optimization problem are: profit, product quality, employee satisfaction. To solve the optimization problem, 3 methods were used: “Goal programming”, “Interactive”, “FMOLP”. The task of group decision making is implemented on the basis of the package FGDSS-CD (Fuzzy group Decision Support System).
Cryptography in Cloud Computing
Authors:   Principal, Akal Group of Technical & Management Institutions, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur (Punjab), India., Kaur Dr. Harjinder , Kaur Prof. Amandeep ,   Associate Professor, Akal College of Pharmacy & Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur (Punjab), India.
Published: January 2022

Cryptography is a key element in establishing trust and enabling services in the digital world. It is represented in a ways that are not accessible to human users. Hence, humans are left out the trust and security in the digital world. Cryptography is necessary in modern communication protocols and to many digital services. A primitive or protocol should be defined to reach the security goal. Beside the introduction part this paper represents the types of cryptography, algorithm of cryptography and techniques of cryptography and the interaction between Government and cryptography.
Secure Online Transaction using Iris
Authors:   B. Tech, Department of Computer Science from SRM University Chennai, (Tamil Nadu) India., Balamurugan Abhishek , R Sai Dhanush ,   B. Tech, Department of Computer Science from SRM University Chennai born and raised in Chennai, (Tamil Nadu) India., J Sundeep ,   B. Tech, Department of Computer Science from SRM University Chennai born and raised in Chennai, (Tamil Nadu) India., K Sivasankari. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, SRMIST, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, (Tamil Nadu) India.
Published: January 2022

In this project, we are planning to create a strong robust calculation for executing cash in higher level security reason with high acknowledgment rates in a shifting environment. To begin with, Haar cascade based calculation has been connected for quick and basic confront location from the input picture. The confront picture is at that point being changed over into grayscale picture. After that, the iris, eyebrows, nose, mouth of candidates are extricated from the escalated valleys from the recognized confront.
A Network Intrusion Detection System Based on Categorical Boosting Technique using NSL-KDD
Authors:   M.Tech, Department of Computer Science, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence Bhopal (M.P.), India, Raj Shiladitya , Jain Megha ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence Bhopal (M.P.), India., Chouksey Dr. Pradeep ,   Professor, Department of Computer Science, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence Bhopal (M.P.), India.
Published: January 2022

Massive volumes of network traffic & data are generated by common technology including the Internet of Things, cloud computing & social networking. Intrusion Detection Systems are therefore required to track the network which dynamically analyses incoming traffic. The purpose of the IDS is to carry out attacks inspection or provide security management with desirable help along with intrusion data. To date, several approaches to intrusion detection have been suggested to anticipate network malicious traffic. The NSL-KDD dataset is being applied in the paper to test intrusion detection machine learning algorithms. We research the potential viability of ELM by evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of ELM. In the preceding part on this issue, we noted that ELM does not degrade the generalisation potential in the expectation sense by selecting the activation function correctly. In this paper, we initiate a separate analysis & demonstrate that the randomness of ELM often contributes to some negative effects. For this reason, we have employed a new technique of machine learning for overcoming the problems of ELM by using the Categorical Boosting technique (CAT Boost).
Reliability of Trust Management Systems in Cloud Computing
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Application, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana) India., Goyal Ms. Pooja , Deora Dr. Sukhvinder Singh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Application, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana) India.
Published: January 2022

Cloud computing is an innovation that conveys administrations like programming, stage, and framework over the web. This computing structure is wide spread and dynamic, which chips away at the compensation per-utilize model and supports virtualization. Distributed computing is expanding quickly among purchasers and has many organizations that offer types of assistance through the web. It gives an adaptable and on-request administration yet at the same time has different security dangers. Its dynamic nature makes it tweaked according to client and supplier’s necessities, subsequently making it an outstanding benefit of distributed computing. However, then again, this additionally makes trust issues and or issues like security, protection, personality, and legitimacy. In this way, the huge test in the cloud climate is selecting a perfect organization. For this, the trust component assumes a critical part, in view of the assessment of QoS and Feedback rating. Nonetheless, different difficulties are as yet present in the trust the board framework for observing and assessing the QoS. This paper talks about the current obstructions present in the trust framework. The objective of this paper is to audit the available trust models. The issues like insufficient trust between the supplier and client have made issues in information sharing likewise tended to here. Besides, it lays the limits and their enhancements to help specialists who mean to investigate this point.
Damage Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures: A Review
Authors:   M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal (Telangana), India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Damage may be assessed using several damage indices with values associated with different structural damage states. The usefulness of a variety of current response-based damage indices in seismic damage assessment is addressed and critically assessed. A novel rational damage assessment method is provided, which measures the structure’s physical reaction characteristics. A practical method based on various analyses is given to evaluate the damaged structures in earthquakes of different intensities. This paper provides an overview of previous research works on the damage assessment of the reinforced concrete structures. This study may be helpful for easy understanding about the damage assessment of reinforced concrete structures and reduce the impacts of disaster and surrounding structures.
Green Concrete: Environment Friendly Solution
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Warangal, Telangana, India., Ramesh Gomasa
Published: January 2022

Green concrete is a type of concrete. It is a sustainable material used for the construction of reinforced concrete structures. Green concrete is different compared to normal concrete. Nowadays, it plays a very good role in the construction of structures. It is subjected to very low energy consumption and low resource consumption. Green concrete is a very good material for sustainable development. Concrete is made from the replacement of substituent ingredients such as cement and aggregates. In this waste materials such as agricultural or industrial wastes are placed during manufacture to produce a new concrete. Green concrete is popular worldwide due to its extraordinary properties and applications. This paper mainly deals with the importance of green concrete and its applications, advantages, and disadvantages. The results are varying for based on different structures. So, we can get all characteristics and properties of concrete structures and know their strength.
The Effects of Some Mechanical Parameters of a Developed Millet Thresher on Millet Threshing and Cleaning Efficiencies
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Department of Agricultural and Bioenviromental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Nigeria., Mohammed Gana Ibrahim , Musa Baba Adamu ,   Lecturer, Department of Agricultural and Bioenviromental Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nigeria., Agidi Gbabo ,   Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria., Alhaji Shehu Abubakar ,   Lecturer, Department of Agricultural and Bioenviromental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Nigeria.
Published: January 2022

Some mechanical and process parameters of a developed millet thresher have been optimized using a numerical optimization technique. The machine threshes millet panicles and cleans the grains from the straw. The speed of threshing and the number of pegs attached to the threshing drum were mechanical parameters investigated, while the moisture content was the process parameter under investigation. Threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and percentage losses were used as performance characteristics while investigating these parameters. A central composite rotatable design was used in the experiment (CCRD). The results of the experiments revealed that the speed of threshing and the number of beater pegs had significant positive effects on threshing efficiency, whereas the millet panicle had significant negative effects. The speed of threshing and the number of beater pegs had considerable positive effects on threshing efficiency, whereas the millet panicle had large negative effects, according to the results of the studies. Also, a combination of a speed of 1590 rpm, 28 beater pegs, and a millet panicle moisture of 15% resulted in the maximum cleaning efficiency of 98.31%. The cleaning speed had a positive substantial effect on the cleaning efficiency, although the beater pegs and moisture content had small effects. The optimum speed of 1730 rpm, number of pegs of 35, and millet moisture content of 13.5 percent for threshing efficiency of 91.41 percent, cleaning efficiency of 97.87, and desirability of 0.997 were achieved using numerical optimization. The study’s findings include standard input machines and processing variables that produce the best machine output.
An Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Self Compacting Concrete by using Fiber Reinforcement
Authors:   M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India., Anil Gopu , Ramesh Gomasa ,   M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Vaagdevi College of Engineering, Warangal, India
Published: January 2022

The invention of Self Compacting Concrete has been tremendous and continuing growth in the working area over the past decade, culminating in its widespread usage in today’s reality. It outperforms regular cement in application and completion, cost, work reserve funds, and solidity. The addition of strands enhances its qualities, particularly those related to SCC’s post- break behaviour. The goal is to investigate the strength properties of SCC when mixed with various types of strands. Different strand types and filament speeds are among the variables studied. The essential characteristics of SCC, including strength, break energy, sturdiness, and sorptivity, must be controlled. The hydrated design and security development between fiber and blend will be examined using an electron microscope to examine the tiny building of several mixes. 12mm cut glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber will be used in the request, as they have been for quite some time. 0.0 percent, 0.1 percent, 0.15 percent, 0.2 percent, 0.25 percent, and 0.3 percent of strands are removed based on volume. The request is broken down into two parts. The first half involves creating a planned blend for SCC of a detailed assessment, such as M30. The second half involves adding filaments such as glass, basalt, and carbon strands to the SCC blends and evaluating and verifying their plastic and hardened properties. The experiment demonstrates a modest improvement in SCC aspects by adding strands of various types and altering the volume. Carbon fiber is the most improved in the more challenging state, followed by Basalt fiber and Glass fiber, and the least improved in the plastic state due to its high-water absorption. Glass fiber fared better in the plastic state. Basalt fiber fared better in the present study regarding cost, appropriate amount, and overall viability.
Deep Convolutional Generative Modeling for Artificial Microstructure Development of Aluminum-Silicon Alloy
Authors:   Centre for Artificial Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Stir Research Technologies, India., Mishra Akshansh , Pathak Tarushi ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattangulathur, India.
Published: January 2022

Machine learning which is a sub-domain of an Artificial Intelligence which is finding various applications in manufacturing and material science sectors. In the present study, Deep Generative Modeling which a type of unsupervised machine learning technique has been adapted for the constructing the artificial microstructure of Aluminium-Silicon alloy. Deep Generative Adversarial Networks has been used for developing the artificial microstructure of the given microstructure image dataset. The results obtained showed that the developed models had learnt to replicate the lining near the certain images of the microstructures.
Meeting Energy Demands Through Mining
Authors:   Lecturer and Researcher, Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria., C. O. Amosu
Published: January 2022

The Mineral and Mining industry is a huge energy requiring sector which demands connections to a viable electric power origin and reference. With the upsurge of these mineral requests and decreasing valued grades of ores, energy aspiration is approximated to sky-rocket to 36% by the year 2035. It is even projected to accelerate geometrically from the fact that sophistication and powering of the mine locations speeds up the stability into the necessity of energy applications and its requirements derived from fossil fuels utilized to generate electricity. This paper discusses other fossilized fuel-based materials for generation of electricity.
Physicochemical Studies, Characterization & Adsorption Capacity of Activated Carbon Derived from Dathura Stronsium Fruit Shell
Authors:   Associate Professor, Chemistry, Priyadarshini J L College of Engineering Nagpur, India ., Gour Dr. Kavita
Published: January 2022

In the Present investigation various activated carbon derived from waste material of plant has been synthesized .These carbon materials have high porosity .This high degree of porosity of adsorbents is associated with large surface area, which makes it an excellent adsorbent for removal of Heavy Metals. The activated carbon has advantages over the other with respect of its adsorption capacity, operating Characteristic &Cost. The activated carbon materials have been characterized by surface area, particle size, bulk density, Volatile matter, Moisture content, Ash content, FTIR &SEM studies. The goal of the present investigation was an attempt to develop low cost, highly effective and simple to use activated carbon materials for removal Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Zn(II) from contaminated water based on adsorption phenomenon. This newly developed adsorbent has been proved to be more promising for heavy metals removal without affecting the quality of treated water.
Development of Models for the Rational Design of Different Shapes of Pit Latrine
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, University of  Nigeria, Nsukka., ifeuzu Ugwu Francis , Chukwuemeka Prof. Agunwamba Jonah ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Published: January 2022

Specific models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes are presently non-existent. What exist are general design models irrespective of the shape and size of latrine which may not give the actual design parameters needed. This research was limited to the derivation of models that will aid the design of the capacity of pit latrines of different shapes and dimensions for different population of users and under different soil formations and ground conditions. The objective of this research was to derive models for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes using data collected from 500 different household pit latrines already filled up. Thus, models were derived for different latrine pit shapes and sizes using data collected through the administration of designed questionnaire on 500 households having pit latrines already filled up. Models were developed specifically for different latrine shapes whereas those of other researchers were generalized. These models were calibrated and verified for the rational design of pit latrines of different shapes and sizes. The regression coefficients for calibration were 0.75, 0.65, and 0.50 and for verification are 0.97, 0.98 and 0.99 for square, circular and rectangular pits respectively. The implication of this research is availability of design models for the construction of different pit latrine shapes.
Building Eco-Blocks through the Use of Solid Waste
Authors:   School of Civil Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, S.No.124, Paud Road, Kothrud,, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India., Kale Ashish R.
Published: January 2022

India is buried under waste stacks as more than 1.50 lakhs ofsolid waste (MT) per day is produced. Worse, nearly 90% of the total volume is collected (135,000 tonnes daily). Almost 15,000 MT of waste remains exposed each day, which leads to a “severe” amount of contamination of some 55 lakh of MT of solid waste disposed of each year in open surface. Just 20% (27 000 tonnes per day) of the total waste collected and 80% (1 08 000 tonnes per day) was disposed of. The remaining 80% is disposed of on site. Progress in the management of solid waste has resulted in materials that replace conventional materials, including bricks, blocks,tiles, aggregates, ceramics, cement, lime, soil, timber and paint. In this research, Eco blocks are generated using waste materials like fly-ash and waste using aggregates of cement and yard. It optimizes materials with various combinations and defines the compression strength of the eco-blocks. Days of 7.71, 5.8 and 9.10 N/mm2 are compressive strengths of 14 and 28. The strength of ecological blocks is equal to or above that of the local company’s regular concrete blocks. The study showed that solid waste can be used for solid block processing. We also analyzed how debris can be recycled to find an alternative to reduce natural resource costs and use.