bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In‐Cell NMR and EPR Spectroscopy of Biomacromolecules
Authors: Hänsel Robert , Luh Laura M. , Corbeski Ivan , Trantirek Lukáš , Dötsch Volker
Published: July 2014

The dream of cell biologists is to be able to watch biological macromolecules perform their duties in the intracellular environment of live cells. Ideally, the observation of both the location and the conformation of these macromolecules with biophysical techniques is desired. The development of many fluorescence techniques, including superresolution fluorescence microscopy, has significantly enhanced our ability to spot proteins and other molecules in the crowded cellular environment. However, the observation of their structure and conformational changes while they attend their business is still very challenging. In principle, NMR and EPR spectroscopy can be used to investigate the conformation and dynamics of biological macromolecules in living cells. The development of in‐cell magnetic resonance techniques has demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. Herein we review the different techniques with a focus on liquid‐state in‐cell NMR spectroscopy, provide an overview of applications, and discuss the challenges that lie ahead.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylations of Aryl Bromides using Paraformaldehyde: Synthesis of Aldehydes and Esters
Authors: Natte Kishore , Dumrath Andreas , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: July 2014

Carbonylation reactions represent useful tools for organic synthesis. However, the necessity to use gaseous carbon monoxide is a disadvantage for most organic chemists. To solve this problem, novel protocols have been developed for conducting palladium‐catalyzed reductive carbonylations of aryl bromides and alkoxycarbonylations using paraformaldehyde as an external CO source (CO gas free). Hence, aromatic aldehydes and esters were synthesized in moderate to good yields.
Reactivity of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents: 11. Nickel‐catalyzed atom‐economic aryl–allyl coupling of mixed (n‐alkyl)(aryl)zincs
Authors: Kalkan Melike
Published: July 2014

Group selectivity in the allylation of mixed (n‐butyl)(phenyl)zinc reagent can be controlled by changing reaction parameters. CuCN‐catalyzed allylation in tetrahydrofuran (THF)–hexamethylphosphoric triamide isn‐butyl selective and also γ‐selective in the presence of MgCl2, whereas CuI‐catalyzed allylation in THF in the presence ofn‐Bu3P takes place with an‐butyl transfer:phenyl transfer ratio of 23:77 and an α:γ transfer ratio of phenyl of 76:24. NiCl2(Ph3P)2‐catalyzed allylation in the presence of LiCl is phenyl selective with an α:γ ratio of 65:35. The reaction of methyl‐ orn‐butyl(aryl)zinc reagents with an allylic electrophile in THF at room temperature in the presence of NiCl2(Ph3P)2catalyst and LiCl as an additive provides an atom‐economic alternative to aryl–allyl coupling using diarylzincs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optisch aktive Tetrahydro‐diazixanopurine
Authors: Dreier Antje , Haller Rolf
Published: July 2014

Optisch aktive Tetrahydro‐diazixanopurine können auf zwei Wegen aus Vorstufen, die über eine Racematspaltung gewonnen worden sind, hergestellt werden. Untersuchungen zur Konfiguration weisen auf eine R‐Konfiguration des Diazixanopurins (+)‐4 hin.
Acidity Constants of Some Hydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐ammonium Ions
Authors: Fini Adamo , Roda Aldo , Bellini Anna Maria , Guarneri Mario
Published: July 2014

Acid dissociation constants of a series of protonated hydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐amines bearing different nitrogen substituents were determined potentiometrically in a dimethylsulfoxide‐water system (80:20, w/w) at 25°. Acidity constants in water were obtained by means of a linear relationship between the acidity constants in mixed solvent and pure water for protonated primary, secondary, tertiary and hydrophilic group carrying amines as reference substances. Results are briefly discussed with respect to the antimicrobial activity previously reported for the compounds described.
Lactone, 14. Mitt.: Synthese lactonverbrückter 1,1‐Diarylethylamine
Authors: Lehmann Jochen , Gossen Axel
Published: July 2014

Umsetzung der 5,5‐Diaryl‐2(5H)‐furanone 4a–d mit überschüssigen Aminen liefert Aminoamide 5a–k, die durch Hydrolyse und Ringschluß in die gewünschten 4‐Amino‐5,5‐diaryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐2(3H)‐furanone 6a–k überführt werden.
Naturstoffchemie 110. Mitt.: Synthese des 1‐Hydroxy‐7‐methoxyacridons aus Boenninghausenia albiflora REICHB. (Rutaceae); Darstellung einiger einfacher Hydroxy‐, Methoxy‐ und Nitroacridone
Authors: Reisch Johannes , Probst Wiltrud
Published: July 2014

Über eine modifizierte Ullmann‐Synthese wurden die Acridone 5 dargestellt. Die 1‐Hydroxy‐7‐methoxyacridon‐Struktur für ein Alkaloid aus Boenninghausenia albiflora REICHB. konnte durch Synthese bestätigt werden.
ZNS‐wirksame Phenylpyrane: 3‐Dimethylaminomethyl‐4‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐tetrahydro‐4‐pyranol und ‐4‐thiopyranol
Authors: Eiden Fritz , Schmidt Michael
Published: July 2014

Die aus dem Tetrahydropyranon 2 bzw. ‐thiopyranon 3 durch Reaktion mit dem Iminiumchlorid 4 und m‐Methoxyphenylmagnesiumbromid darstellbaren O‐ und S‐Analogen des Tramadols waren im Tierversuch deutlich analgetisch wirksam, und zwar das Oxanaloge 7 doppelt so stark wie das Thiaanaloge 8.
Syntheses of 3,6‐Substituted‐4‐(3′,4′,5′‐Substituted‐1′‐pyrazolyl)‐isoxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidines as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents
Authors: Adhikari Vasudeva A. , Badiger Virupax V.
Published: July 2014

Twentyseven title compounds were synthesized from (un)substituted benzaldehydes. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities against four pathogenic bacteria and three fungi were investigated. Nine compounds were tested for antiinflammatory and analgesic activities by standard methods. A few of the compounds gave promising results.
Studies on the Synthesis of some Flavonoid Derivatives Possessing Spasmolytic Activity
Authors: Ertan Mevlüt , Ertan Rahmiye , Göker Hakan , Pindur Ulf
Published: July 2014

3′,4′‐Dihydroxyflavone reacts with ethyl 2,3‐dibromopropanoate to form the new, substituted 1,4‐benzodioxanes 1. The regioisomers 1a and 1b were separated by crystallization and converted to the amides 2a and 2b for pharmacological testing for spasmolytic activity. The constitutions of 1 and 2 were elucidated by 400 MHz 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. In the spasmolysis test, antagonistic effects towards acetylcholine, BaCl2 and histamine were investigated. Non‐specific spasmolytic activities were detected.
2,6‐Piperidindione, 5. Mitt.: Die absoluten Konfigurationen von optisch aktiven 2,6‐Piperidindionen mit basischer Seitenkette und von einem Zwischenprodukt
Authors: Knabe Joachim , Wahl Sebastian
Published: July 2014

Die absoluten Konfigurationen der optisch aktiven 2,6‐Piperidindione 1a–1c, 2a und 2b werden durch Korrelation ihrer CD‐Spektren mit dem des Dexetimids abgeleitet. Aus der Konfiguration von 1c ergibt sich die der Vorstufe 6, die Konfigurationen von 3, 4 und 5 folgen aus denen der Piperidindione 1a, 1b und 2b.
Antiaggregatorische und anticoagulante Eigenschaften von Oligoaminen, 6. Mitt.: Oligohydroxyalkandiamine
Authors: Rehse Klaus , Claus Gudrun , Leißring Susanne
Published: July 2014

Es wurden 17 oligohydroxylierte Alkandiamine dargestellt, von denen acht die durch Collagen induzierte Thrombocytenaggregation in Konzentrationen unter 10 μmol/L halbmaximal hemmten. Sieben dieser Substanzen setzten die Gerinnungsfähigkeit von Blutplasma – dargestellt als Verlängerung der Thromboplastinzeit – in Konzentrationen zwischen 50 und 400 μmol/L auf 25 % der Norm herab. Mit 1,4‐Bisoctylaminobutan‐2,3‐diol (16) wurde eine Substanz mit starker Thrombocytenwirkung (IC50 = 9 μmol/L) jedoch ohne anticoagulante Effekte gefunden. 16 zeigt auch die durch die Einführung der Hydroxylfunktionen angestrebte Verbesserung der Wasserlöslichkeit (55 mmol/L) am deutlichsten.
Synthesen optisch aktiver Oxazolo[3,2‐a]piperidine aus Enamiden
Authors: Wanner Klaus TH. , Schünemann J.
Published: July 2014

Stereoisomere Oxazolo[3,2‐a]piperidine wurden durch intramolekulare Cyclisierung von Enamiden chiraler α‐Hydroxycarbonsäuren gewonnen und pharmakologisch untersucht.
Friedländer‐Kondensationen von o‐Aminobenzaldehyd mit Hydroxypyridinen
Authors: Reisch Johannes , Scheer Mathias
Published: July 2014

Die Friedländer‐Kondensation von o‐Aminobenzaldehyd (1) mit 2,6‐Dihydroxypyridinen führte zu den Benzo[b][1,8]naphthyridinen 6a und 6b. Die Umsetzung von 1 mit 3‐Cyano‐2,4,6‐trihydroxypyridin (4) lieferte außer dem erwarteten 1,3(2H,5H)‐Dioxobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridin‐4‐carbonitril (7) auch 4‐Hydroxy‐2(1H)‐oxo‐benzo[b][1,8]naphthyridin‐3‐carbonitril (8a). Neben der N‐Methylierung wurden diese Ringsysteme mit zur Cyclisation befähigten Alkylresten substituiert.
Antiaggregatorische und anticoagulante Eigenschaften von Oligoaminen, 7. Mitt.: Benzol‐1,3,5‐trialkanamine
Authors: Rehse Klaus , Lükens Ute , Claus Gudrun
Published: July 2014

Es wurden 17 Benzol‐1,3,5‐trialkanamine dargestellt, von denen 9 die durch Collagen induzierte Trombocytenaggregation in Konzentrationen zwischen 2–4 μmol/L halbmaximal hemmten. Die Gerinnungsfähigkeit von Blutplasma – dargestellt als Verlängerung der Thromboplastinzeit – wurde von 7 Substanzen in Konzentrationen von ≦ 50 μmol/L auf weniger als 25 % der Norm herabgesetzt. Die Substanz 4‐(2‐Thienylbutyl)‐1,3,5‐benzol‐trimethanamin (15) zeigte die obigen antiaggregatorischen und anticoagulanten Effekte in der gleichen Konzentration von 25 μmol/L.
Asymmetrische α‐Amidoalkylierung: Synthesen enantiomerenreiner α‐substituierter Piperidine mit 1‐Camphanoyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridin
Authors: Wanner Klaus TH. , Kärtner Annerose
Published: July 2014

In einer neuartigen, asymmetrischen Synthese wird das homochirale Enamid 1 diastereoselektiv mit den Silylenolethern 5a‐c zu den Amidoalkylierungsprodukte 6/7a‐c verknüpft, die für die Gewinnung enantiomerenreiner in α‐Stellung R‐ und S‐konfigurierter Piperidinalkohole 9, des Piperidinketons 13, der (R)‐Homopipecolinsäure 12R und des Alkaloids (+)‐Sedamin 10RR eingesetzt werden.
Zur chemischen Stabilität des Fenetyllins
Authors: Rücker Gerhard , Neugebauer Martina , Neugebauer Michael , Heiden Paul‐G.
Published: July 2014

Bei der Untersuchung der chemischen Stabilität des Phenylethylaminderivates Fenetyllin (1) wurden unter den angewandten Reaktionsbedingungen (100 °C; pH 12–14) Spaltungsreaktionen im Xanthin‐Teil des Moleküls, wie sie bei Coffein bekannt sind2, 3), beobachtet. Es trat keine Abspaltung des Amphetamin‐Restes ein.
Enantio‐separation of drugs with multiple chiral centers by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Al‐Othman Zeid A. , Al‐Warthan Abdulrahman , Alam Syed Dilshad , Ali Imran
Published: July 2014

Some drugs with more than one chiral center are of high medicinal values. However, the chiral resolution of such types of racemate is a challenging task for scientists. The evolution of efficient chiral selectors is a hope for the future. Some papers have described such types of chiral resolution. The different techniques used for the purpose are HPLC, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, capillary electrochromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Owing to these facts, it was necessary to review the enantiomeric resolution of racemic drugs having more than one chiral center. The present article describes the chiral resolution of labetalol, formoterol, nadolol, indenolol, nebivolol and diltiazem using above cited techniques. In addition, attempts have been made to discuss the chiral recognition mechanism and future perspectives. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Rare‐Earth Cobalt Arsenides, RCo2As2 (R: La, Ce, Pr, Nd).
Authors: Shatruk Michael , et al. et al.
Published: July 2014

LnCo2As2 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd) are obtained by reaction of stoichiometric amounts of the elements in a Bi flux, which also allows the growth of single crystals (evacuated silica tubes, 1173 K, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Lithium Ion Transport Through Superionic Pathways Formed on the Surface of Li3V2(PO4)3/C for High Power Li Ion Battery.
Authors: Han Dong‐Wook , Lim Sung‐Jin , Kim Yong‐Il , Kang Seung Ho , Lee Yoon Cheol , Kang Yong‐Mook
Published: July 2014

C‐supported Li3V2‐xZrx(PO4)3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) is prepared by mixing stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3, V2O5, Zr(OH)4, and NH4H2PO4 in H2O/EtOH containing 3% sucrose followed by calcination of the dried precursor (5 wt% H2/N2, 750 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Bismuth Hydrogen Sulfate [Bi2(SO4)2(dmso)8] (HSO4)2.
Authors: Wrobel Lydia , Miersch Linda , Schlesinger Maik , Rueffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Mehring Michael
Published: July 2014

[Bi2(SO4)2(dmso)8] (HSO4)2 is prepared by the reaction of basic [Bi6O4(OH)4(NO3)6] ·H2O with either thiosalicylic acid or H2SO4 in DMSO (80 °C, 7 h, slow diffusion of Me2CO into the solution).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Novel Intermetallic Compounds R2Co2SiC (R: Pr, Nd).
Authors: Zhou Sixuan , Mishra Trinath , Wang Man , Shatruk Michael , Cao Huibo , Latturner Susan E.
Published: July 2014

The title compounds are prepared by reaction of silicon and carbon in either a Pr/Co or a Nd/Co eutectic flux (alumina crucible, 950 °C, 12 h and 850 °C for 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Formal α‐Allylation of Nitroalkanes Through a Chiral Iminophosphorane‐Catalyzed Michael Reaction—Julia—Kocienski Olefination Sequence.
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Nakamura Shinji , Sasaki Hitoshi , Konakade Yuki , Ooi Takashi
Published: July 2014

P‐chiral phosphoranes are employed as catalyst in the highly anti‐diastereoselective and enantioselective Michael reaction of vinyl sulfonates with nitroalkenes under kinetic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Isothiourea‐Mediated Asymmetric Functionalization of 3‐Alkenoic Acids.
Authors: Morrill Louis C. , Smith Samuel M. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: July 2014

In the presence of the isothiourea (ITU), 3‐alkenoic acids are found to react with enones, diazenes, and aldimines giving [4 + 2] or [2 + 2] cycloadducts through α‐functionalization.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Photoredox‐Catalysed Intermolecular Radical Addition of α‐Halo Amides to Olefins.
Authors: Nakajima Masaki , Lefebvre Quentin , Rueping Magnus
Published: July 2014

α‐Chloro amides are shown to be a new class of α‐acetyl radical precursors, which undergo photoredox‐catalyzed intermolecular α‐addition with various olefins exclusively in an anti‐Markovnikov fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) Crystals as an Extraordinary Oxidant for Primary and Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Okada Tomohide , Asawa Tomotake , Sugiyama Yukihiro , Kirihara Masayuki , Iwai Toshiaki , Kimura Yoshikazu
Published: July 2014

Sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate containing less free sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in the presence of TEMPO and Bu4NHSO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Fernandez‐Salas Jose A. , Manzini Simone , Nolan Steven P.
Published: July 2014

A general and efficient protocol for the selective reduction of carboxylic acids to alcohols using phenylsilane and a Ru‐complex catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Diaryl and Heteroaryl Sulfides: Synthesis via Sulfenyl Chlorides and Evaluation as Selective anti‐Breast‐Cancer Agents.
Authors: Yonova Ivelina M. , Osborne Charlotte A. , Morrissette Naomi S. , Jarvo Elizabeth R.
Published: July 2014

The presented mild one‐pot method shows a broad functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Alkyl Grignard Reagents and Identification of Selective anti‐Breast‐Cancer Agents.
Authors: Yonova Ivelina M. , Johnson A. George , Osborne Charlotte A. , Moore Curtis E. , Morrissette Naomi S. , Jarvo Elizabeth R.
Published: July 2014

A highly stereospecific Ni‐catalyzed Kumada cross‐coupling is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Assessing the Utility of HAlCl2 Derived Vinylalanes for Michael Addition.
Authors: Willcox Darren , Gondal Humaira , Civit Marc Garcia , Woodward Simon
Published: July 2014

Ti‐ or Zr‐promoted reactions of terminal alkynes with HAlCl2 generate alkenylalanes which can be trapped with alkylidenemalonates to give 1,4‐addition products (III) and (VI) in a simple one‐pot manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Halocarbocyclization versus Dihalogenation: Substituent Directed Iodine(III) Catalyzed Halogenations.
Authors: Stodulski Maciej , Goetzinger Alissa , Kohlhepp Stefanie V. , Gulder Tanja
Published: July 2014

The introduced catalyst enables chemoselective dibromination of alkenes and alkynes and dichlorination of alkenes with high anti‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Domino Reaction of Electron‐Deficient 2,4‐Dienes with 2‐Halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds: A Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Approach to Functionalized Five‐Membered Carbocycles.
Authors: Xie Jian‐Wu , Xu Mei‐Lan , Zhang Ren‐Zun , Pan Jin‐Yun , Zhu Wei‐Dong
Published: July 2014

A novel domino Michael reaction/alkylation/vinylcyclopropane rearrangement of electron‐deficient 2,4‐dienes with 2‐halo‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds is developed to allow the synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopentane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Addition of Ynamides to Aldehydes.
Authors: Cook Andrea M. , Wolf Christian
Published: July 2014

Decreasing enantiomeric excesses are avoided by using apolar solvent mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis(heteroaryl) Ketones by Removal of Benzylic CHR and CO Groups.
Authors: Maji Arun , Rana Sujoy , Akanksha Akanksha , Maiti Debabrata
Published: July 2014

This synthesis of bisaryl ketones by removal of benzylic ‐CH2‐, ‐CO‐, and ‐CHR‐ groups uses air as the oxidant in the presence of a copper catalyst and toluidine as acceptor of the removed carbon.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(IV) Porphyrin Catalyzed Highly Selective Oxidation of Internal Alkenes into Ketones with Cl2pyNO as Terminal Oxidant.
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Ming , Sang Xue‐Ling , Che Chi‐Ming , Chen Jian
Published: July 2014

A mild method to convert internal alkenes into ketones by oxidation with 2,6‐dichloropyridine N‐oxide with a Ru‐porphyrin catalyst without any C=C double bond cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Reaction of Alkyl Azides with Diazo(aryl)acetates.
Authors: Gu Peiming , Wu Xiu‐Ping , Su Yan , Li Xue‐Qiang , Xue Ping , Li Rui
Published: July 2014

The initial products of this reaction are α‐imino esters, formed with release of two molecules of nitrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N,N‐Diethylbenzamides via a Nonclassical Mitsunobu Reaction.
Authors: Hoffman J. Mason , Miller Justin N. , Gardner Margaret E. , LePar Danielle R. , Pongdee Rongson
Published: July 2014

The first application of the Mitsunobu reaction for the construction of benzamides from various benzoic acids and amine is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral α‐Diarylacetic Esters by Stereospecific 1,2‐Aryl Migration Promoted by in situ Generated Acetals from Benzoins.
Authors: Kothapalli Raveendra Babu , Niddana Ramana , Balamurugan Rengarajan
Published: July 2014

Transformation of 1‐hydroxy‐1‐phenylpentan‐2‐one and 1‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylbutan‐1‐one results in complex reaction mixtures.Chiral substrates (IV) react with the inversion of the stereocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Polybrominated Fluorenes and Their Conversion to Polyphenylated Fluorenes and Cyclopenta[def]triphenylene.
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Karthik Durai , Thomas K. R. Justin , Hundal Maninder Singh
Published: July 2014

Several polybrominated fluorene derivatives [including (I) and (IV)] are prepared from 9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluorene via stepwise bromination with bromine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiro[chroman/tetrahydrothiophene‐3,3′‐oxindole] Scaffolds via Heteroatom‐Michael—Michael Reactions: Easily Controlled Enantioselectivity via Bifunctional Catalysts.
Authors: Huang Youming , Zheng Changwu , Chai Zhuo , Zhao Gang
Published: July 2014

Stereodefined spirooxindoles are prepared via thiourea‐catalyzed Michael‐Michael‐reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regio‐ and Stereoselective ω‐Transaminase/Monoamine Oxidase Cascade for the Synthesis of Chiral 2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines.
Authors: O'Reilly Elaine , Iglesias Cesar , Ghislieri Diego , Hopwood Jennifer , Galman James L. , Lloyd Richard C. , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: July 2014

The chemoselective reductive cyclization of diones of type (I) in the presence of transaminase ATA113 is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Cyclization/Fluorination of 2‐Alkynylanilines: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Fluorinated Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Lei , Ma Yuanhong , Song Feijie , You Jingsong
Published: July 2014

Transformation of alkyl or TMS‐substituted alkinylanilines leads to decomposition of the starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Tandem Michael Addition‐Oxidation of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles with 1,4‐Benzoquinone.
Authors: Zhang Yonghong , Hu Xiaoyan , Li Shuaishuai , Liao Yijun , Yuan Weicheng , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: July 2014

This efficient title reaction affords the corresponding 3,3 disubstituted oxindole derivatives in moderate to good yields and with up to 96% enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Electrophilic Cyclization of N‐(Buta‐2,3‐dienyl)amides with N‐Bromosuccinimide and Its Applications.
Authors: Wang Nan , Chen Bo , Ma Shengming
Published: July 2014

The formed vinyl bromides can be converted to alkynes and vinyl indoles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Design, Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of Thiazolidinones with Enhanced anti‐Trypanosoma cruzi Activity.
Authors: Moreira Diogo Rodrigo Magalhaes , et al. et al.
Published: July 2014

Compounds (IIIb) and (IIIc) show the highest antiparasitic activity out of a series of 17 new title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Mn(III)‐Based Reaction of Alkenes with Quinolinones. Formation of Peroxyquinolinones and Quinoline‐Related Derivatives.
Authors: Nishino Hiroshi , Kumabe Ryoukou , Hamada Ryoichi , Yakut Mehtap
Published: July 2014

The Mn(III)‐promoted aerobic oxidation of alkenes in the presence of 4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones under different reaction conditions is examined resulting in the formation of various types of quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)‐4‐phenylquinolines as Inhibitors of Cholesterol Esterase.
Authors: Muscia Gisela C. , Hautmann Stephanie , Buldain Graciela Y. , Asis Silvia E. , Guetschow Michael
Published: July 2014

A series of new 2‐substituted quinoline derivatives is synthesized via a microwave‐assisted, acid‐catalyzed reaction of o‐aminobenzophenones with acetophenones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Dihydropyridines and Acridinediones via a Salicylic Acid‐Catalyzed Hantzsch Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Khodja Imene Amine , Ghalem Wassima , Dehimat Zineb Imene , Boulcina Raouf , Carboni Bertrand , Debache Abdelmadjid
Published: July 2014

Salicylic acid is found to be an extremely useful and highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) and (VI) by three‐component condensation of aldehydes, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, and ammonium acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Induced Three‐Component Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of Benzopyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinolindiones.
Authors: Quiroga Jairo , Diaz Yurina , Bueno Juan , Insuasty Braulio , Abonia Rodrigo , Ortiz Alejandro , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo
Published: July 2014

Compounds (IVa), (IVe), and (IVg) show high anti‐mycobacterial activities, which are related with the highest lipophilicity and the least polarity within these series.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Efficient One‐Pot Procedure for Thieno[2,3‐e][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines Preparation.
Authors: Pokhodylo Nazariy T. , Shyyka Olga Y. , Obushak Mykola D.
Published: July 2014

The title compounds (IV) are efficiently and conveniently obtained by base‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of heterocyclic azides with activated nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Some New 2,3‐Dimethylquinoxaline‐1‐oxides Using Bis(acetoxy)phenyl‐λ3‐iodane as an Oxidant.
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Rani Chinu , Sumran Garima
Published: July 2014

A facile synthesis of 2‐arylimino‐3‐hydroxyiminobutanes (III) and their oxidation to new quinoxaline‐1‐oxides (IV) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐ and Ligand‐Free Diboration of Alkynes and Alkenes Catalyzed by Platinum Nanoparticles on Titania.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Moglie Yanina , Pastor‐Perez Laura , Sepulveda‐Escribano Antonio
Published: July 2014

Pt/TiO2‐catalyzed diborations of terminal and internal alkynes (I, IV and VI) as well as cyclic alkenes (XII) run in a stereoselective manner (cis‐diboration).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthetic Protocol to 1,2‐Bis(dialkylphosphino)ethanes.
Authors: Doyle Laurence R. , Heath Alex , Low Choon Heng , Ashley Andrew E.
Published: July 2014

A new, facile and inexpensive synthesis of 1,2‐bis(dialkylphosphino)ethanes on a multi‐gram scale is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Sinugyrosanolide A, an Unprecedented C‐4 Norcembranoid, from the Formosan Soft Coral Sinularia gyrosa.
Authors: Cheng Shi‐Yie , Shih Neng‐Lang , Chuang Cheng‐Ta , Chiou Shu‐Fen , Yang Chia‐Ning , Wang Shang‐Kwei , Duh Chang‐Yih
Published: July 2014

Cytotoxic screening reveals that sinugyrosanolide A (I) displays moderate cytotoxicity against P‐388 cell line, but shows no discernible activity against HCMV cells and no activity against bacteria (E.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization and Antioxidative Activity of Lancifonins: Unique Nortriterpenoids from Schisandra lancifolia.
Authors: Shi Yi‐Ming , Yang Jie , Xu Li , Li Xiao‐Nian , Shang Shan‐Zhai , Cao Peng , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: July 2014

The isolation, structure elucidation and determination of the absolute configuration of six lancifonins are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Lignan Glycosides with IL‐6 Inhibitory Activity from Akebia quinata
Authors: Jin Hong‐Guang , Kim A Ryun , Ko Hae Ju , Lee Sang Kook , Woo Eun‐Rhan
Published: July 2014

isolation, structure elucidation and inhibitory activity of three new lignan glycosides, akequintosides A—C, and five known compounds against interleukin‐6 production
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Labeling of 5‐Iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine with 4‐Ethynyl‐N‐ethyl‐1,8‐naphthalimide Using Copper‐Free Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Yuan Libo , Zhang Zhengan , Xu Xiaowei , Zhou Xiang
Published: July 2014

The synthesis of a fluorescent nucleoside analogue (III) via a copper‐free Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective, Intermolecular [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions of 3‐Acetoxyquinolone: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Pinolinone.
Authors: Mayr Florian , Wiegand Christian , Bach Thorsten
Published: July 2014

Pinolinone (I) is synthesized in six steps with an overall yield of 17% by using the [2 + 2]‐cycloaddition as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Endeavors Toward 2‐Nitro‐4‐alkylpyrroles in the Context of the Total Synthesis of Heronapyrrole C and Preparation of a Carboxylate Natural Product Analogue.
Authors: Schmidt Jens , Stark Christian B. W.
Published: July 2014

The title compound (II) is obtained in low yield with low regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Metabolites of C‐Glycosidic Ellagitannin from Japanese Oak Sapwood.
Authors: Omar Mohamed , Matsuo Yosuke , Maeda Hajime , Saito Yoshinori , Tanaka Takashi
Published: July 2014

The isolation, structure elucidation, and determination of the relative configuration of two new ellagitannin metabolites are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification and Biological Evaluation of Flavonoids from the Fruits of Prunus mume
Authors: Yan Xi‐Tao , Li Wei , Sun Ya‐Nan , Yang Seo‐Young , Lee Sang‐Hyun , Chen Jian‐Bo , Jang Hae‐Dong , Kim Young‐Ho
Published: July 2014

isolation and structure determination of potent antioxidant and antiostereoporosis compounds including the novel flavan dimer (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Synthesis of Third‐Generation Spin‐Labeled Podophyllotoxin Derivatives Using Isocyanide Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Kou Liang , Wang Mei‐Juan , Wang Li‐Ting , Zhao Xiao‐Bo , Nan Xiang , Yang Liu , Liu Ying‐Qian , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung
Published: July 2014

A new generation of spin‐labeled podophyllotoxin analogues are synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Phomolides G and H.
Authors: Subba Reddy B. V. , Sivaramakrishna Reddy P. , Phaneendra Reddy B. , Yadav J. S.
Published: July 2014

Phomolides G (Ia) and H (Ib) are prepared in 15 and 17 steps with 18% and 16% overall yields, resp., involving MacMillan asymmetric epoxydation, Steglich esterification and ring closing metathesis as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Review on the Synthesis and Applications of Fe3O4 Nanomaterials
Authors: Liu Xiaodi , Zhong Zhiguo , Tang Yufeng , Liang Bingyu
Published: July 2014

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Natural Products from Enantiomeric Carvones
Authors: Macaev Fliur Zainutdin
Published: July 2014

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselectively‐Catalyzed Reactions with (E)‐2‐Alkenoyl‐pyridines, Their N‐Oxides, and the Corresponding Chalcones
Authors: Desimoni Giovanni , Faita Giuseppe , Quadrelli Paolo
Published: July 2014

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Hydroxides and Oxides Supported by Organic Ligands: Synthesis and Structural Diversity
Authors: Prochowicz Daniel , Sokolowski Kamil , Lewinski Janusz
Published: July 2014

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sodium Tungstate Dihydrate
Authors: Duarte Tiago Andre G.
Published: July 2014

Review: application as catalyst in organic synthesis; 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Incarcerated Metals. Higly Reactive, Recoverable, and Multifunctional Nanocluster Catalysts for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Miyamura Hiroyuki
Published: July 2014

Review: 286 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Leaching in Metal Nanoparticle Catalysis
Authors: Redon Rocio , Pena Nidia G. G. , Crescencio Fermin R.
Published: July 2014

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reactions Towards Cyclic Constrained Peptidomimetics
Authors: Koopmanschap Gijs , Ruijter Eelco , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: July 2014

Review: 253 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Insertion Reactions of Heterocumulene into Metal‐Ligand Bonds
Authors: Sinyakov A. E. , Ovchinnikova N. A.
Published: July 2014

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Direct Carbon Fuel Cells and Their Reaction Mechanisms — A Review
Authors: Deleebeeck L. , Hansen K. K.
Published: July 2014

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Intensification Technologies to Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production — A Review
Authors: Wang Mingyong , Wang Zhi , Gong Xuzhong , Guo Zhancheng
Published: July 2014

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cholesteric Blue Phases under Confinement: Skyrmion Lattices and Other Exotic Defect Structures
Authors: Fukuda Jun‐ichi , Zumer Slobodan
Published: July 2014

Review: 74 refs.
Preparation and Studies of Chiral Stationary Phases Containing Enantiopure Acridino‐18‐Crown‐6 Ether Selectors
Authors: Németh Tamás , Lévai Sándor , Kormos Attila , Kupai József , Tóth Tünde , Balogh György Tibor , Huszthy Péter
Published: July 2014

The enantiomeric separation ability of the newly prepared chiral stationary phases containing acridino‐18‐crown‐6 ether selectors was studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chiral stationary phases separated the enantiomers of selected protonated primary aralkylamines efficiently. The best results were found for the separation of the mixtures of enantiomers of NO2‐PEA. Chirality 26:651–654, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dangling Ends Perturb the Stability of RNA Duplexes Responsive to Surrounding Conditions
Authors: Tateishi‐Karimata Hisae , Pramanik Smritimoy , Nakano Shu‐ichi , Miyoshi Daisuke , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: July 2014

Unpaired terminal nucleotides (dangling ends) occur in various biologically important RNA structures. We studied the thermal stability of RNA duplexes with dangling ends under conditions that mimic those in cells. Dangling ends of one or two nucleotides stabilized a duplex up to approximately 2.7 kcal mol−1 in the absence of cosolutes. RNA duplexes with dangling purine nucleotides were more stable than those with pyrimidine nucleotides. Interestingly, in the presence of various cosolutes, RNA duplexes with purine dangling ends were significantly destabilized, although those with pyrimidine dangling ends were destabilized slightly. For example, in 30 wt % poly(ethylene glycol), stabilization resulting from adenine dangling ends was reduced by 1.4 kcal mol−1. Our quantitative analyses also showed that the number of water molecules bound to the dangling ends in an aqueous solution was independent of the nucleotide type but dependent on the stability of the dangling‐end region. It has been considered that dangling ends stabilize helices; however, our results suggest that the stabilization is responsive to the surrounding conditions.
Present stage and future prospects of development of compressor material
Authors: Kitashima T. , Suresh K. S. , Yamabe‐Mitarai Y.
Published: July 2014

Titanium alloys are attractive for use in the compressor of jet engines because of their high strength‐to‐density ratio. Titanium alloys with high temperature capability for high‐pressure compressor components have been developed to increase thermal efficiency of jet engines, resulting in the reduction of CO2 emission and fuel consumption. This study describes the development of high‐temperature titanium alloys, mainly focusing on the effects of alloy composition and microstructure on mechanical properties. Titanium matrix composites and titanium aluminides have also been extensively studied for future application in high‐pressure compressors. In addition, in this study, melting technology of titanium alloys has been introduced because it is a key technology to improve the performance of high‐temperature titanium components.
Dynamic modeling of a dual active bridge DC to DC converter with average current control and load‐current feed‐forward
Authors: Guacaneme Javier , Garcerá Gabriel , Figueres Emilio , Patrao Iván , González‐Medina Raúl
Published: July 2014

Bidirectional power flow is needed in many power conversion systems like energy storage systems, regeneration systems, power converters for improvement of the power quality and some DC‐DC applications where bidirectional high power conversion and galvanic isolation are required. The dual active bridge (DAB) is an isolated, high voltage ratio DC‐DC converter suitable for high power density and high power applications, being a key interface between renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. This paper is focused on the modeling and control design of a DC‐DC system with battery storage based on a DAB converter with average current mode control of the output current and output voltage control. The dynamic response of the output voltage to load steps is improved by means of an additional load‐current feed‐forward control loop. An analytical study of the load‐current feed‐forward is presented and validated by means of both simulations and experimental results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNS tunneling detection through statistical fingerprints of protocol messages and machine learning
Authors: Aiello M. , Mongelli M. , Papaleo G.
Published: July 2014

The use of covert‐channel methods to bypass security policies has increased considerably in the recent years. Malicious users neutralize security restriction by encapsulating protocols like peer‐to‐peer, chat or http proxy into other allowed protocols like Domain Name Server (DNS) or HTTP. This paper illustrates a machine learning approach to detect one particular covert‐channel technique: DNS tunneling.

Despite packet inspection may guarantee reliable intrusion detection in this context, it may suffer of scalability performance when a large set of sockets should be monitored in real time. Detecting the presence of DNS intruders by an aggregation‐based monitoring is of main interest as it avoids packet inspection, thus preserving privacy and scalability. The proposed monitoring mechanism looks at simple statistical properties of protocol messages, such as statistics of packets inter‐arrival times and of packets sizes. The analysis is complicated by two drawbacks: silent intruders (generating small statistical variations of legitimate traffic) and quick statistical fingerprints generation (to obtain a detection tool really applicable in the field).

Results from experiments conducted on a live network are obtained by replicating individual detections over successive samples over time and by making a global decision through a majority voting scheme. The technique overcomes traditional classifier limitations. An insightful analysis of the performance leads to discover a unique intrusion detection tool, applicable in the presence of different tunneled applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion preserves axonal function in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kwai Natalie , Arnold Ria , Poynten Ann M. , Lin Cindy S.‐Y. , Kiernan Matthew C. , Krishnan Arun V.
Published: July 2014

Background

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus. Although strict glycaemic control may reduce the risk of developing diabetic peripheral neuropathy, the neurological benefits of different insulin regimens remain relatively unknown.

Methods

In the present study, 55 consecutive patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus underwent clinical neurological assessment. Subsequently, 41 non‐neuropathic patients, 24 of whom were receiving multiple daily insulin injections (MDII) and 17 receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), underwent nerve excitability testing, a technique that assesses axonal ion channel function and membrane potential in human nerves. Treatment groups were matched for glycaemic control, body mass index, disease duration and gender. Neurophysiological parameters were compared between treatment groups and those taken from age and sex‐matched normal controls.

Results

Prominent differences in axonal function were noted between MDII‐treated and CSII‐treated patients. Specifically, MDII patients manifested prominent abnormalities when compared with normal controls in threshold electrotonus (TE) parameters including depolarizing TE(10‐20ms), undershoot and hyperpolarizing TE (90–100 ms) (P < 0.05). Additionally, recovery cycle parameters superexcitability and subexcitability were also abnormal (P < 0.05). In contrast, axonal function in CSII‐treated patients was within normal limits when compared with age‐matched controls. The differences between the groups were noted in cross‐sectional analysis and remained at longitudinal follow‐up.

Conclusions

Axonal function in type 1 diabetes is maintained within normal limits in patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and not with multiple daily insulin injections. This raises the possibility that CSII therapy may have neuroprotective potential in patients with type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of hyperglycaemia in singleton versus twin pregnancy
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Yamada Takahiro , Akaishi Rina , Kojima Takashi , Nishida Ryutaro , Koyama Takahiro , Cho Kazutoshi , Minakami Hisanori
Published: July 2014

Background

There is conflicting information regarding the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in twin pregnancies. This study was conducted to determine whether the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus is higher in pregnant Japanese women with twin versus singleton pregnancy.

Methods

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was studied in two different populations: 144 589 women registered with the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG cohort) over 3 years between 2007 and 2009 in which patient selection bias was unavoidable; and 430 Japanese women who gave birth at a single centre over 5 years between 2008 and 2012 (single‐centre cohort), consisting of 86 women with twins and 344 women with singletons matched for maternal age and prepregnancy body mass index. The gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed on the basis of the previous criteria in the JSOG cohort. The gestational diabetes mellitus was screened in a stepwise method and diagnosed on the basis of the new criteria in the single‐centre cohort.

Results

In the single‐centre cohort, neither frequency of random glucose level ≥105 mg/dL in the first trimester [9.0% (31/344) vs 5.8% (5/86)], positive result (≥140 mg/dL) on 50 g glucose challenge test in the second trimester [26.5% (90/339) vs 26.7% (23/86)], nor women diagnosed with GDM [8.4% (29/344) vs 9.3% (8/86)] differed between the two groups. The prevalence of hyperglycaemia was higher in singleton than in twin pregnancies in the JSOG cohort (2.6% vs 1.8%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The risk of gestational diabetes mellitus may be similar between Japanese women with singleton and twin pregnancies. Difference in the risk of hyperglycaemia in the JSOG cohort may have been due to selection bias. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of calcium and cyclic nucleotide signaling in cerebellar granule cell migration under normal and pathological conditions
Authors: Komuro Yutaro , Galas Ludovic , Lebon Alexis , Raoult Emilie , Fahrion Jennifer K. , Tilot Amanda , Kumada Tasturo , Ohno Nobuhiko , Vaudry David , Komuro Hitoshi
Published: July 2014

In the developing brain, immature neurons migrate from their sites of origin to their final destination, where they reside for the rest of their lives. This active movement of immature neurons is essential for the formation of normal neuronal cytoarchitecture and proper differentiation. Deficits in migration result in the abnormal development of the brain, leading to a variety of neurological disorders. A myriad of extracellular guidance molecules and intracellular effector molecules is involved in controlling the migration of immature neurons in a cell type, cortical layer and birth‐date‐specific manner. To date, little is known about how extracellular guidance molecules transfer their information to the intracellular effector molecules, which regulate the migration of immature neurons. In this article, to fill the gap between extracellular guidance molecules and intracellular effector molecules, using the migration of cerebellar granule cells as a model system of neuronal cell migration, we explore the role of second messenger signaling (specifically Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotide signaling) in the regulation of neuronal cell migration. We will, first, describe the cortical layer‐specific changes in granule cell migration. Second, we will discuss the roles of Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotide signaling in controlling granule cell migration. Third, we will present recent studies showing the roles of Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotide signaling in the deficits in granule cell migration in mouse models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and fetal Minamata disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 369–387, 2015
Metabolism and urinary disposition of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine after oral and smoked administration: a comparative study
Authors: Riba Jordi , McIlhenny Ethan H. , Bouso José Carlos , Barker Steven A.
Published: July 2014

N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a widely distributed plant alkaloid that displays partial agonist activity at the 5‐HT2A receptor and induces intense psychedelic effects in humans when administered parenterally. However, self‐administration studies have reported a total lack of activity following oral intake. This is thought to be due to extensive degradation by monoamine oxidase (MAO). Despite increased use of DMT and DMT‐containing preparations, such as the plant tea ayahuasca, the biotransformation of DMT in humans when administered alone is relatively unknown. Here we used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/electrospray ionization (ESI)/selected reaction monitoring (SRM)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to characterize the metabolism and disposition of oral and smoked DMT. Twenty‐four‐hour urine samples were obtained from 6 DMT users before and after intake of 25 mg DMT doses on two separate sessions. In one session, DMT was taken orally and in another it was smoked. After oral ingestion, no psychotropic effects were experienced and no DMT was recovered in urine. MAO‐dependent indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) represented 97% of the recovered compounds, whereas DMT‐N‐oxide (DMT‐NO) accounted for only 3%. When the smoked route was used, the drug was fully psychoactive, unmetabolized DMT and DMT‐NO rose to 10% and 28%, respectively, and IAA levels dropped to 63%. An inverse correlation was found between the IAA/DMT‐NO ratio and subjective effects scores. These findings show that in the smoked route a shift from the highly efficient MAO‐dependent to the less efficient CYP‐dependent metabolism takes place. This shift leads to psychoactivity and is analogous to that observed in ayahuasca preparations combining DMT with MAO inhibitors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.