bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and Open Problems
Authors: Mohan Aditya , Zhang Amy , Lindauer Marius
Published: April 2024

Reinforcement Learning (RL), bolstered by the expressive capabilities of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for function approximation, has demonstrated considerable success in numerous applications. However, its practicality in addressing various real-world scenarios, characterized by diverse and unpredictable dynamics, noisy signals, and large state and action spaces, remains limited. This limitation stems from poor data efficiency, limited generalization capabilities, a lack of safety guarantees, and the absence of interpretability, among other factors. To overcome these challenges and improve performance across thesecrucial metrics, one promising avenue is to incorporate additional structural information about the problem into the RL learning process. Various sub-fields of RL have proposed methods for incorporating such inductive biases. We amalgamate these diverse methodologies under a unified framework, shedding light on the role of structure in the learning problem, and classify these methods into distinct patterns of incorporating structure. By leveraging this comprehensive framework, we provide valuable insights into the challenges of structured RL and lay the groundwork for a design pattern perspective on RL research. This novelperspective paves the way for future advancements and aids in developing more effective and efficient RL algorithms that can potentially handle real-world scenarios better.
STRUCTURE-PRESERVING MODEL ORDER REDUCTION OF RANDOM PARAMETRIC LINEAR SYSTEMS VIA REGRESSION
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Liu Siqing
Published: April 2024

We investigate model order reduction (MOR) of random parametric linear systems via the regression method. By sampling the random parameters contained in the coefficient matrices of the systems, the iterative rational Krylov algorithm (IRKA) is used to generate sample reduced models corresponding to the sample data.We assemble the resulting reduced models by interpolating the coefficient matrices of reduced sample models with the regression technique, where the generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) is adopted to characterize the random dependence coming from the original systems. Noting the invariance of the transfer function with respect to restricted equivalence transformations, the regression method is conducted based on the controllable canonical form of reduced sample models in such a way to improve the accuracy of reduced models greatly.We also provide a posteriori error bound for the projection reduction method in the stochastic setting. We showcase the efficiency of the proposed approach by two large-scale systems along with random parameters: a synthetic model and a mass-spring-damper system.
DISSOLUTION-DRIVEN CONVECTION IN AN INCLINED POROUS MEDIUM WITH FIRST ORDER CHEMICAL REACTION
Authors: Reddy G. Shiva Kumar , Ragoju Ravi , Matta Anjanna , Reddy N. Keerthi , Yadav Dhananjay
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on the onset of dissolution-driven convection in an inclined porous layer and explores the influence of several important control parameters, including the inclination angle, Damköhler number, and Rayleigh number. Our investigation reveals that the boundaries of linear instability and nonlinear stability do not align, indicating that different behaviors occur in these regions of parameter space. As the inclination angle increases, the subcritical instability region expands, indicating a wider range of conditions where subcritical instability can occur. Moreover, transverse rolls demonstrate greater stability when compared to longitudinal rolls, highlighting the significant impact of convection pattern orientation on stability. Furthermore, both the Damköhler number and inclination angle have stabilizing effects on the system, contributing to increased stability. Moreover, the subcritical region between longitudinal and transverse rolls appears to expand.
Preparing England's further education system for zero-carbon construction skills
Authors: Killip Gavin , Robson James
Published: April 2024

Skills issues for craft trades in building decarbonisation often focus on improving technical knowledge but known problems of quality assurance in construction also include ‘soft’ employability skills and the application of sustainability values in practice. New course content is a necessary but not sufficient component of changing practice. The real demand for skills and actual use of skills in the workplace is just as important as new skills supply. A deliberative workshop with 40 expert stakeholders investigated the preparedness of the education and training system for zero-carbon construction skills. Several challenges emerge from this research. The market context for jobs and skills training shows how the over-narrow focus on new courses leads to waste and failures. Policy has an important role to play in developing minimum vocational standards through licensing, allied to consistent, long-term industrial strategy. The low prestige of further education and vocational training hinders real skills development and recruitment and retention of the workforce. Colleges operate with limited resources and competing priorities, creating real constraints on important activities like teacher training. Short courses and continuing professional development have no common standards or link with initial education and training, leading to piecemeal learning of unknown quality.
Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Low-Cost Graphene Produced by Electrochemical Exfoliation Method
Authors: Güzel Tamer , İşlek Yasemin , Yıldız Oğuzhan
Published: April 2024

The low-cost and mass production of graphene has gained importance in recent years. The electrochemical exfoliation method, one of the graphene production methods, is an efficient technique used to obtain low-cost-effective and large quantities of graphene nanosheets. Exfoliation parameters affect the properties of exfoliated graphene nanosheets. In this study, graphene production is fabricated by the method of exfoliation using electrolyte and voltage parameters. For this, a pen tip was used instead of pure platinum, which is very expensive, at the cathode. The structural research was done by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (F-TIR). Morphological analyses were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The number of layers and crystallite of graphene layers were estimated. The obtained results were compared with the results of the other similar studies. Analysis results show that low-cost multilayer graphene can be produced by the electrochemical exfoliation method with the electrical parameters.
Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Effects of Gossypol and AT-101: Molecular Docking Study Against Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2
Authors: İlhan Süleyman , Atmaca İlhan Harika
Published: April 2024

This study explores the potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of gossypol (GP) and its AT-101 derivative through in silico molecular docking simulations. GP and AT-101 are natural and modified compounds, respectively, with promising biological activities. Using Autodock Vina software, molecular docking simulations were performed to assess the binding interactions between GP, AT-101, and the receptor binding domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which plays a vital role in facilitating viral entry into host cells. The docking results revealed that GP and AT-101 exhibited favorable interactions with ACE2, suggesting their potential as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. GP formed seven hydrogen bonds with ACE2, while AT-101 formed eight, indicating more stable binding and superior interaction. However, it is important to acknowledge that these findings are based on in silico modeling and further research is required to validate the antiviral properties of l and AT-101 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the long-term safety and efficacy of these compounds for COVID-19 treatment warrant further investigation through clinical trials. In conclusion, this in silico study provides preliminary evidence of the potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of GP and AT-101 by demonstrating their ability to interact with ACE2. However, it is important to acknowledge that these findings are based on in silico modeling and further research is required to validate the antiviral properties of GP and AT-101 in vitro and in vivo.
METAPHORICAL MODELING OF WAR IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE XX CENTURY (BASED ON THE RUSSIAN AND GERMAN LANGUAGES)
Authors: Kupriyanycheva Ekaterina
Published: April 2024

The context of cognitive linguistics is characterized. The concepts of conceptual metaphor, metaphorical modeling, and non-expert conceptualization of war are introduced. Metaphorical models of war in the Russian and German fiction are analyzed. Universal and nationally specific representations of the war metaphor are identified.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE NOTION OF ETYMOLOGICAL DOUBLET IN THE LEXICOLOGICAL PARADIGM
Authors: Smirnov Maksim
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the analysis of the definitions of the concept of an etymological doublet in order to develop a common definition covering the main features of this phenomenon. The functioning of etymological doublets remains a specific field of knowledge in the context of topical linguistic researches. Representing a category of native words and loanwords with a common etymological nest, they are able to illustrate the historical path of a given language, as well as the linguistic contacts of the representatives of a given linguocultural community. However, scientific literature features no consensus regarding the interpretation of the concept of an etymological doublet in the lexicological paradigm, which imposes certain limitations on the classification of lexical units of common origin, as well as structural and semantic analysis of etymological doublets.
FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING SLANGISM IN THE FIELD OF MILITARY AVIATION
Authors: Suyunbaeva Altyngul'
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the sociolinguistic study of slang in the field of military aviation. The relevance of the study is determined by the interest in issues related to the theoretical study of slangisms and their use in the language of military aviation. The purpose of the study is to study the distinctive features of slangisms in the field of military aviation in the lexical and semantic aspect.The research material was slangisms denoting the names of various aircraft, words and expressions that are used to designate certain objects, concepts or actions. As a result of the study: it has been proven that slang is a complex linguistic formation that reflects in the language the linguistic, sociological and cultural characteristics of an individual, manifested in the verbalization of his speech. A thematic classification of slang expressions is presented, based on their lexical and semantic analysis, conclusions are drawn about the peculiarities of the mentality of military aviation specialists.
АНАЛИЗ ПРОБИОТИКОВ И ПРЕБИОТИКОВ, ЗАРЕГИСТРИРОВАННЫХ КАК БАДЫ И ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННЫХ НА РОССИЙСКОМ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОМ РЫНКЕ
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, ЕРИГОВА О.А. , БОКАРЕВА Ю.А. , ЧУПАНДИНА Е.Е.
Published: April 2024

Пробиотики и пребиотики на фармацевтическом рынке представлены не только лекарственными препаратами, но и БАДами. В связи с увеличением доли продаж группы товаров аптечного ассортимента - БАД за первое полугодие 2023 года на 7,2%, является актуальным исследование пробиотиков и пребиотиков, представленных на фармацевтическом рынке как БАДы. Это актуализирует цель исследования - исследование ассортимента пробиотиков и пребиотиков, зарегистрированных как БАДы. Данная группа БАДов включают в себя: пробиотики - 71 наименование, пребиотики - 6 наименований и БАДы, содержащие пробиотический и пребиотические комплексы одновременно, - 9 наименований. Структурный анализ был проведен по критериям -действующее вещество, компонентный состав, лекарственная форма и производитель.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В АПТЕЧНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ В СФЕРЕ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ
Authors:   Ярославский государственный университет, ЖЕЛТКЕВИЧ О.В. , СКВОРЦОВА М.В.
Published: April 2024

Целью исследования являлось изучение возможности применения цифровых технологий для повышения осведомлённости населения в вопросах профилактики хронических неинфекционных заболеваний (ХНИЗ). Необходимость активного использования сайтов аптечных организаций (АО) для информирования граждан по вопросам сохранения и укрепления здоровья обоснована сложившейся медикодемографической ситуацией. Эмпирической базой исследования служили результаты анкетных данных потребителей товаров аптечного ассортимента (397 человек), которые подтвердили необходимость разработки профилактического модуля сайта аптечной организации (АО).
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОГО ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ЭЛТРОМБОПАГА
Authors:   Аденский университет, АЛЬ-ДУРАИБИ А.М. , ПОКРОВСКИЙ М.В. ,   Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет
Published: April 2024

Данная статья представляет материалы, методы, результаты и их обсуждение экспериментального исследования острой токсичности воспроизведенного препарата «Элтромбопаг-29», таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой, 50 мг производства фирмы (ООО «29 февраля», Россия),серия 011019, годен до 10.2021 г, (МНН Элтромбопаг) в сравнении с препаратом Револейд® таблетки, покрытые пленочной оболочкой, 50 мг («Глаксо Вэлком С.А.», Испания), серия 855N, годен до 11.2021 (МНН Элтромбопаг). В результате данного исследования острой токсичности препараты, предложенные к сравнению, являются эквивалентными. В перспективе работа направлена на доказательство биоэквивалентности названных препаратов.
ОЦЕНКА ОСТРОЙ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ ПИРИМИДИНОВОГО СОЕДИНЕНИЯ
Authors:   Волгоградский медико-экологический техникум, ЗЕМЛЯНКО А.А. , ГАБИТОВА Н.М. ,   Астраханский государственный медицинский университет, МАКАЛАТИЯ М.К. , ЦИБИЗОВА А.А.
Published: April 2024

Статья посвящена изучению острой токсичности производного пиримидина. Исследования проводились на белых беспородных крысах самцах массой 280-290 г. Установлено, что внутрибрюшинное введение соединения под шифром VMA-20-14 в дозах до 4000 мг/кг не вызывает гибели животных, что характеризует изучаемое вещество как малотоксичное и определяет 4 класс токсичности. В связи с тем, что определение полулетальной дозы затруднено, за LD50 была принята максимальная доза - 4000 мг/кг. Таким образом, оценка острой токсичности производного под шифром VMA-20-14 показала, что данное соединение относится к малотоксичным веществам, что актуализирует детальное изучение его фармакологической активности с целью разработки на его основе лекарственных средств.
ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ N, N - ДИЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ АМИНОАМИДОВ НА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТУЮ СИСТЕМУ КРЫС WISTAR
Authors:   Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. академика Е.И. Чазова, КАЛДЫРКАЕВА О.С. , АФАНАСЬЕВА Е.Ю. , АРЗАМАСЦЕВ Е.В. , ТЕРЕХОВА О.А.
Published: April 2024

Влияние на сердечно-сосудистую систему новых оригинальных соединений при фармакологической разработке новых препаратов и оценка изменений показателей артериального давления является распространенным параметром, оцениваемым у лабораторных животных. У неанестезированных крыс Wistar (масса тела 200-250 г.) изучали влияние N, N - дизамещенных аминоамидов на показатели сердечно-сосудистой системы. Результаты исследования демонстрируют отсутствие гипер и гипотензивных эффектов у исследуемых соединений.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ НАНОЧАСТИЦ ЗОЛОТА НА ОПУХОЛЕВЫЕ КЛЕТКИ АДЕНОКАРЦИНОМЫ ОБОДОЧНОЙ КИШКИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА (CACO-2)
Authors:   Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова, КОПАНИЦА М.А. , ЧЕРНЫХ И.В. , ЩУЛЬКИН А.В. , МЫЛЬНИКОВ П.Ю. , КУКОВ Д.В.
Published: April 2024

Оценена цитототоксичностъ наночастиц золота с поверхностью, модифицированной остатками фукозы, лактозы и галактозы, по отношению к культуре клеток аденокарциномы ободочной кишки человека Caco-2. Проанализирован возможный механизм их противоопухолевой активности, который заключается в активации липопероксидации, инициации одного из путей запрограммированной клеточной гибели через стимуляцию транскрипционного фактора p53, а также ингибировании эффлюксной активности гликопротеина-P.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ МНЕСТИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ ДИПЕПТИДА PRO-LEU И СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО АНТАГОНИСТА РЕЦЕПТОРОВ ОКСИТОЦИНА L-368,899 В ТЕСТЕ «ОСТРОГО» УГАШЕНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКО-ОРИЕНТИРОВОЧНОЙ РЕАКЦИИ
Authors:   Институт биоорганической химии Национальной академии наук Беларуси, КРАВЧЕНКО Е.В. , ОЛЬГОМЕЦ О.Н. , БИЗУНОК Н.А. ,   Белорусский медицинский университет, ДУБОВИК Б.В.
Published: April 2024

В результате изучения влияния Pro-Leu, L-368,899 и их комбинации на угашение исследовательско-ориентировочной реакции мышей ICR в условиях групповой высадки (по 8 особей в группе) в актометре «Ugo Basile» при наблюдении продолжительностью 50 минут выявлена способность Pro-Leu и L-368,899 статистически достоверно облегчать неассоциативное обучение (габитуацию).
ТОКСИКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЕ САНГВИРИТРИНА ГЕЛЯ КОЛЛАГЕНОВОГО 0,1%
Authors:   Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений, КРЕПКОВА Л.В. , БОРОВКОВА М.В. , БАБЕНКО А.Н. , КУЗИНА О.С.
Published: April 2024

Целью исследования являлось доклиническое изучение безопасности сангвиритрина геля коллагенового 0,1% при накожных аппликациях крысам и оценка раздражающего действия на слизистые глаза кролика. Показано отсутствие его токсического действия на организм подопытных животных и раздражающего действия на депилированную кожу крыс и слизистую глаз кроликов.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ ЛЕЧЕБНО-КОСМЕТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ, ПРИГОТОВЛЕННЫХ НА ОСНОВЕ НЕКОТОРЫХ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ НОСИТЕЛЕЙ
Authors:   Азербайджанский медицинский университет, МАМЕДОВА А.Э. , МАМЕДОВА З.Ч. , КАЗЫМОВА А.У. , ТАХИРОВ И.А.
Published: April 2024

Целью исследования являлось изучение фармакологического действия приготовленных косметических средств на основе некоторых полимерных носителей.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭКСТРАКТА ЖИВУЧКИ ТУРКЕСТАНСКОЙ НА ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СОКРАТИМОСТИ МЫШЦ ПОСЛЕ ЭЛЕКТРОСТИМУЛЯЦИОННОГО УТОМЛЕНИЯ У МЫШЕЙ
Authors:   Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет, 197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14,литер.А, ПРИХОДЬКО В.А. , АЛЕКСЕЕВА Ю.С. , ЗАХЛЕВНАЯ Д.А. , БОЛОТОВА В.Ц.
Published: April 2024

Проведена оценка влияния сухого экстракта живучки туркестанской Ajuga turkestanica (Regel) Briq. на эффективность аэробного плавательного режима у мышей. Установлено, что экстракт повышает эффективность тренировочного процесса и способствует ускорению восстановления сократимости скелетных мышц после электростимуляционного утомления (р < 0.01).
ОЦЕНКА НЕЙРОТРОПНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ ТЕТРАПЕПТИДА ARG-PRO-GLY-PRO
Authors:   Астраханский государственный медицинский университет, СЕРГАЛИЕВА М.У. , МУРТАЛИЕВА В.Х. , САМОТРУЕВА М.А.
Published: April 2024

Целью исследования явилось изучение нейротропного действия пептида Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro в условиях гиперфункции щитовидной железы. Исследование проведено на крысах-самцах, разделенных на группы: I-ая -интактные крысы (контроль); II-ая - особи с экспериментальным гипертиреозом; III-я - животные с индуцированным гипертиреозом, получавшие Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro. Поведенческую активность грызунов изучали, применяя тест «Открытое поле». В ходе исследования установлено, что тетрапептид Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro на фоне гиперфункции щитовидной железы оказывает нейротропное действие на поведенческий статус лабораторных животных.
СТРУКТУРА ЛАТИНСКИХ НАЗВАНИЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО И ЖИВОТНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ В Г ОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ФАРМАКОПЕЕ РФ XIV ИЗДАНИЯ
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, ТУРОВСКИЙ А.В.
Published: April 2024

Рассматриваются особенности терминологического оформления латинских названий лекарственных веществ растительного и животного происхождения в ГФ РФ XIV издания и соответствие их грамматике латинского языка
КОМПОНЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ГИДРОЛАТА ИЗ ПЛОДОВ OPUNTIA ENGELMANNII SALM DYCK EX ENGELMANN VAR. LINDHEIMERI (ENGELM.) B.D. PARFITT & PINKAVA (CACTACEAE JUSS.)
Authors:   Никитский ботанический сад - Национальный научный центр РАН, 298648, Российская Федерация, Республика Крым, г. Ялта, пгт Никита, спуск Никитский, 52, ЧИЧКАНОВА Е.С. , БАКОВА Н.Н. , ПАЛИЙ А.Е. , ФЕДОТОВА И.А. , САТАЕВА Т.П. ,   Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского
Published: April 2024

Определена антиоксидантная активность гидролата из плодов опунции (Opuntia engelmannii Salm Dyck ex Engelmann var. 2 lindheimeri (Engelm.) B.D. Parfitt & Pinkava) - 0,70±0,06 мг/дм . Физико- 2 химическая плотность гидролата составляет - 995,0 кг/м , показатель преломления - 1,334*. Выявлен компонентный состав гидролата, который представлен летучими соединениями - эвкалиптолом (0,03 мг/дм ), E- 3 3 неролидолом (0,085 мг/дм ), а-бисабололом (0,085 мг/дм ), тимолом (0,04 3 3 мг/дм ), а-бисаболоном оксидом A (0,09 мг/дм ), изокаламендиолом (0,045 2 мг/дм ). Присутствие в гидролате опунции эвкалиптола, неролидола и бисаболола обуславливает его противовоспалительное, бактерицидное, антисептическое, успокаивающее, заживляющее, увлажняющее свойства. Установлено антимикробное, угнетающее действие на штаммы патогенных микроорганизмов - Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus. Полученные результаты могут свидетельствовать о перспективности использования гидролата опунции в производстве косметологических препаратов.
АНТИФЛОГОГЕННАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ НОВОЙ ПРОИЗВОДНОЙ ХЛОПКОВОЙ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ
Authors:   Ташкентская медицинская Академия, ЮЛДАШЕВ Ж.И. , ХАКИМОВ З.З. , РАХМАНОВ А.Х.
Published: April 2024

Исследованиями у половозрелых белых крыс-самцах, установлено, что производные хлопковой целлюлозы, содержащей госсипол обладает отчетливым анти экссудативным действием при асептическом артрите индуцированного декстраном. По своей противовоспалительной активности производный хлопковой целлюлозы не уступает эталонному нестероидному противовоспалительному препарату - диклофенаку натрия. Производный хлопковой целлюлозы может быть рекомендован для лечения патологий в патогенезе которых воспаление занимает одной из ведущих мест.
HESAPLAMALI AKIŞKANLAR DİNAMİĞİ İLE AÇIK KANAL AKIMINDA BİTKİ ÖRTÜSÜNÜN AKIM ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: Şibil Rahim
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmada bitki örtüsünün, dikdörtgen bir açık kanal üzerindeki akım özelliklerine olan etkisi, Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği (HAD) için ANSYS Fluent yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Akımın üç boyutlu, sıkışmayan, türbülanslı ve kararlı olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Sayısal çalışma literatürde yapılan deneysel bir çalışma ile doğrulanmıştır. Sayısal çalışmanın deney sonuçlarını başarılı bir şekilde tahmin ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Sayısal çalışma ve ölçüm sonuçları arasındaki bağıl hata %10’un altında bulunmuştur. Yapılan sayısal çalışmalar sonucunda, bitki örtüsünün kanalın akım ve türbülans özelliklerini önemli ölçüde değiştirdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bitki örtüsü olan bölgelerde, su yüzeyinde hızların çok düşük olduğu, yaprak örtüsünün altında kökler arasında ise hızların yüksek olduğu ve maksimum hızın 0,1177 m/s ile bu bölgede gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca türbülans viskozitesinin serbest alanlarda fazla olduğu gözlemlenirken türbülans enerji kırılımının katı-sıvı temas bölgelerinde fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, açık kanal akışının bitki örtüsüyle etkileşimini anlamak ve açık kanal sistemlerinin hidrolik açıdan performansını geliştirmek için önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.
INCREASING ROBUSTNESS OF I-VECTORS VIA MASKING: A CASE STUDY IN SYNTHETIC SPEECH DETECTION
Authors: Aydın Barış , Dişken Gökay
Published: April 2024

Ensuring security in speaker recognition systems is crucial. In the past years, it has been demonstrated that spoofing attacks can fool these systems. In order to deal with this issue, spoof speech detection systems have been developed. While these systems have served with a good performance, their effectiveness tends to degrade under noise. Traditional speech enhancement methods are not efficient for improving performance, they even make it worse. In this research paper, performance of the noise mask obtained via a convolutional neural network structure for reducing the noise effects was investigated. The mask is used to suppress noisy regions of spectrograms in order to extract robust i-vectors. The proposed system is tested on the ASVspoof 2015 database with three different noise types and accomplished superior performance compared to the traditional systems. However, there is a loss of performance in noise types that are not encountered during training phase.
How to book a sorting slot in PPMS v1
Authors: Gimenes Daniel
Published: April 2024

Step by step protocol on how to book a cell sorter at EMBL's Flow Cytometry Core Facility
How to book a sorting slot in PPMS v2
Authors: Gimenes Daniel
Published: April 2024

Step by step protocol on how to book a cell sorter at EMBL's Flow Cytometry Core Facility
Hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis) biolistics-mediated transformation protocol v1
Authors: Lafferty Declan , Li Fay-Wei
Published: April 2024

Here we report an efficient biolistics method for generating transient-expression and stable transgenic lines in the model hornwort,Anthoceros agrestis. An average of 569 (± 268) cells showed transient expression per bombardment, with green fluorescent protein expression observed within 48 hours. A total of 81 stably transformed lines were recovered across three separate experiments, averaging six lines per bombardment. We followed the same method to transiently transform nine additional hornwort species, and obtained stable transformants from A. fusiformis.
Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative Online Study (PPMI Online) v1
Authors: M Tanner Caroline
Published: April 2024

This protocol details the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative Online Study (PPMI Online).
DNA extraction and detection of Mansonella perstans from Dry Blood Spots (DBS) v1
Authors: Opoku Millicent , De Souza Dziedzom
Published: April 2024

Mansonella perstans is a filarial parasite that causes mansonellosis in humans. Unlike other filarial parasitic diseases, mansonellosis is rarely symptomatic and hence poorly studied. This protocol describes the detection of M. perstans in blood. Firstly, DNA was extracted from dried blood blots (DBS). The DNA were screened by a nested PCR and subsequently sanger sequencing was done on excised gels. The sequences were then compared to reference sequences deposited in NCBI.
Reverse Engineering of Brake Calliper Design via Integration of Topology Optimisation and Lattice Structure for Additive Manufacturing
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Othman Sheik Ahmad Taufiq , Azman Abdul Hadi ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Wahid Zaliha ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Azman Muhammad Amin ,   Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

The emergence of additive manufacturing has enabled design improvements for automotive industry components, such as reducing weight and enhancing performance. However, the application of lightweight designs for automotive components is yet to be fully explored. Previous studies have explored the different types of lattice structures and topology optimized parts, but have yet to explore its application in a brake calliper. This paper focuses on the design improvement of brake calliper for the automotive industry. The methodology consists of reverse engineering of an actual Volkswagen Golf Mk6 brake calliper and redesigning using topology optimisation and lattice structures. The new brake calliper design is then compared to the existing model in terms of weight reduction. The results show that through topology optimisation, it is possible to achieve weight reduction of brake calliper, while maintaining the part requirements. In conclusion, brake calliper designs can be improved using topology optimisation and lattice structures to achieve weight reduction. This research contributes to sustainability and reduces fuel consumption of cars through the decrease in part weight of automotive components, which is important in this era to comply with the environmental regulations and sustainability, in accordance with the UNESCO Sustainable Development Goals.
Winding Response under Difference Effective Inductance for Single Phase High Voltage Transformer
Authors:   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Mohamed Ramizi , Abd Halim Syahirah ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Lewin Paul L. ,   School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
Published: April 2024

Early studies of transformer winding parameters were focused on the determination via its physical dimensions and empirical formulas. In most cases it is divided into several parts namely coil section pairs, coils distance, disc coils diameter and thickness of insulation. Maxwell’s equations are often the solution to the problem, which satisfy related boundary conditions between conductors for mutual inductance and capacitor equations. Such solutions often led to errors and hence its mathematical model. To counter the problem, it was suggested that such approximations must be conducted with experimental model windings at the same time. Frequency domain measurements and time domain measurements can be conducted to effectively determine these parameters. This in turn will investigate the behaviour of transformer winding electromagnetic transient at high frequency. From theoretical point of view, predominantly capacitive winding model often considered to represent its behaviour at high frequency and will give the results of its initial distribution. Under this consideration, a single phase plain winding is considered for investigation. A single rectangular wave was considered to represent infinitive impinge incident wave, injected at one end of transformer winding and the measured response signals of the wavetail were considered for measurement. The experimental response and modelling results were compared and proved to have high agreement between the two.
Mapping Knowledge Structures and Trends on Walkability Studies
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Hijriyah Linda , Alias Anuar ,   Department of Building and Property Management, Faculty of Accountancy and Management, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mohd Sahabuddin Mohd Firrdhaus ,   Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Walkability is a significant and well-known study to make the built environment to be walkable. However, there is a scarcity of material that aims to investigate the structure and research trends of walkability in recent years. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to investigate the structure and research trends in walkability. By applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) review method, a systematic literature review (SLR) identifies 50 studies by walkability from 2021 to 2022 from the 3 well-known databases for searching scientific publications including Web of Science, Scopus, and Sage. A mapping technique using VOSviewer to identify thematic focus is employed. Based on these 50 studies, it shows that the existing research on walkability within two years consists of some conceptual aspects that underlying walkability studies including ‘the built environment’, ‘walking’ and physical activity’, which then leads to one or some specific problems on physical or perceived factors which ultimately aim to create a walkable area. Hence, it is significant to do more research on the integration between factors in this field to solve the dependence on motorized transportation for future scholarly work. In addition, the usage of tools could enrich the existing literature on this field. It is also noted that various age perceptions to solve walkability issues need to be considered. The research also emphasizes significant authors, journals, references, countries, and organizations that have contributed to the development of the walkability literature to elaborate in more detail on thematic focus.
Filtenna Designed with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for Ultra-wideband Applications
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia, Awang Mat Dayang Azra , Hui Lee Yee ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia, Abg Zaidel Dyg Norkhairunnisa ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

In microwave imaging applications, filter and antenna are the key components as front-end devices and function independently. Antenna radiates and receives signals to or from nearby scattered objects while filter is used to suppress unwanted signals noise before and after the required bandwidth. Current antennas suffer from high loss, bandwidth limitation and impedance mismatch and deteriorate their performance near the band-edges if connected as a stand-alone device. Due to the current trend towards simplicity and size reduction, researchers are focusing on integrating the filter and antenna into a single module called integrated filter-antenna (IFA) or filtering antenna (filtenna). These would improve the noise performance of the system and pre-filtering requirements such as complexity algorithm in inverse scattering techniques This paper introduces a novel contribution in the field of UWB antenna design by incorporating Defected Ground Structure (DGS) on both the antenna and filter. Thus, the main aim of this research is to conduct detail parametric studies of the proposed integrated filter-antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) to enhance the performance of imaging system. The proposed IFA will be analysed on Rogers RO4003C dielectric substrate by using EM tool, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and measured using R&S Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) filter and UWB elliptical antenna are designed and examined in detail before combining the devices. Different types of DGS are designed and act as the ground layer of the proposed filtering antenna. The bandwidth of each design is then compared with and without the existence of DGS. The results show that the proposed IFA with DGS implementation achieve the targeted objective, with compact size, enhanced bandwidth and better performance compared to the conventional design of filter and antenna. By integrating filter and antenna into one subsystem, it can help to reduce the loss and enhancing the bandwidth of the system thus letting the antenna to operate at more different frequencies that fall within the range. Both simulated and measured results prove that by integrating filter and antenna into one module, a low loss and larger bandwidth can be accomplished. High performance compact IFA can act as microwave transceiver to improve the overall performance of the microwave imaging system, MIS.
Analysis on The Understanding of Environmental Management Practices among Contractors in Malaysia using Rasch Measurement Model
Authors:   Centre for Innovative Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Ahmad Anisah Farhah , Mohd Affandi Haryanti ,   Department of Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia,   Kumpulan Penyeliidkan Universiti Dinamika TVET, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Sohimi Nurul Eizzaty ,   Department of Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Nur Yunus Faizal Amin ,   Faculty of Technical and Vocation Education, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

The rapid development of construction industry in Malaysia has caused a significant impact on the environment and has resulted in increased demand for implementing environmental management practices. This study aimed to analyze the level of understanding on environmental management practices among contractors in Malaysia. A total of 47 contractors from all grades in Malaysia participated in this study. This study also used a 5-point Likert scale for the data collection process. Items in the questionnaire were analyzed using the Rasch Measurement Model to test the validity and reliability of the research instruments. The results showed that the item reliability value was 0.57 and the individual reliability value was 0.89. The value of the item separation index is 1.16 while the value of the individual separation index obtained is 2.78. Overall, person measure for construct of understanding level on environmental management practices ranged from +7.77 logit to -1.30 logit. For construct challenge faced by the contractor, the maximum value for person measure is +6.35 logit and the minimum measurement value is -0.97 logit. For the last construct which is the impact of environmental management practices on the environment, the value of person measure is +8.27 logit to -1.62 logit. Through item suitability analysis, there are some items that need to be dropped or harmonized as they not meet the requirements in one of the Outfit MNSQ and Outfit ZSTD ranges. The Rasch Measurement Model has identified that most contractors in Malaysia still have a moderate level of understanding on environmental management practices. The findings obtained at the end of this study are significant so that these environmental management practices remain practiced by contractors to maintain sustainable development in future.
Determining the Gear Design Parameters Which Have Strong Correlation with Gear Volume and Contact Ratio for Helical Gear Design Optimization
Authors:   Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Italy Design Institute, Malaysia, Hisham Faiz Adli , Mohd Nopiah Zukifli ,   Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Senin Azman ,   Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Italy Design Institute, Malaysia, Razali Noorhelyna ,   Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

The market has a significant demand for low-cost, compact size, extended fatigue life and high load-carrying capacity helical gears. One way to manufacture such gears is by minimizing gear volume and maximizing contact ratio. Most researchers focus on gear design optimization, but minimal study has been conducted to identify design variables that significantly impact gear volume and contact ratio. Hence, it is crucial to determine gear design parameters that strongly correlate with gear volume and contact ratio beforehand. A single-stage helical gear train of local electric multiple units (EMU) is used as the gear model, and the calculations are done based on ISO 6336. Seven parameters have been chosen as independent variables; module, number of teeth of pinion, gear ratio, helix angle, tooth thickness factor, normal pressure angle and addendum factor. Graphs of total gear volume and contact ratio against independent variables are plotted to examine their relationship. The results indicate that normal module, number of teeth of the pinion, and gear ratio strongly correlate with the total gear volume. Meanwhile, the number of teeth of pinion, helix angle, tooth thickness factor, normal pressure angle and addendum factor strongly correlate with contact ratio. Therefore, these design parameters must be considered to improve the accuracy of the gear design optimization model, which aims to optimize gear volume and contact ratio.
Viscosity Analysis of Copper Aluminium Manganese (CuAlMn) Shape Memory Alloy Mixed with Polyethylene Glycol (Peg), Polymethyl Methacrylate Acrylic (Pmma) and Stearic Acid (Sa) Based Binder
Authors:   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Ahmad Tamizi Nur Aisyah Miza , Sulong Abu Bakar ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Muhamad Norhamidi ,   Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Ramli Mohd Ikram ,   School of Engineering, University of Wollongong (UOW) Malaysia, Utropolis Glenmarie, Jalan Kontraktor U1/14, Seksyen U1, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor
Published: April 2024

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of smart materials that have the unusual feature of remembering the initial shape after plastic deformation. SMAs differ from traditional elastic/plastic materials in because of reversible hysteretic thermos mechanical behavior. Copper (Cu) based shape memory alloys are the most promising in terms of practical application due to their inexpensive cost and high recovery force. Powder injection molding (PIM) is well known for the creation of complex components (micro parts) and Copper Aluminium Manganese (CuAlMn) materials are studied through this process. The rheological behavior of the feedstock needs to be determined to avoid any nonhomogeneous mixture between powder and binder that may result in powder and binder separation during the injection molding process. This work focused on the rheological properties of CuAlMn with a binder system of polyethylene glycol (Peg), polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (Pmma) and stearic acid (Sa). The critical powder volume percentage of composite was at 85wt% Cu, 12wt% Al and 3wt% Mn was obtained. Based on such value, the powder loadings used in this work was 58wt% mixed with 73wt% Peg, 12wt% Pmma and 5wt% Sa. A capillary rheometer was employed for the rheological studies where the relationship between shear rate and viscosity was investigated. There were 3 variant temperatures (115℃, 125℃ and 135℃) and 4 loads (40N, 50N, 60N and 70N) applied for the rheology test. The obtained result shows that the overall shear rate and viscosity are within the PIM process recommended range and flow index is below 1. This shows pseudoplastic behavior of the feedstock.
Determination of Train Vehicle Speed using Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors for Railway Application
Authors:   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environments, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Suhaimi Nur Shufinah , Meor Ahmad Meor Iqram ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environments, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Nuawi Mohd Zaki ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environments, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Zohari Mohd Hafizi ,   Advanced Structural Integrity and Vibration Research (ASIVR), Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, Ariffin Ahmad Kamal ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environments, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Muhammad Abdullah Aidie Zeid ,   Rail Engineering Department, Track Network Maintenance Ampang Line, 5th Mile Jalan Ampang, 68000, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

The average speed of the train can be determined by dividing the distance by the time taken to reach the targeted destination. Nevertheless, in the process of railroad travel, the pace of the train can either slow down or speed up depending on the circumstances. It is essential to conduct research into the speed of the railroad in particular conditions to ascertain what speed is appropriate for the railroad to run safely under certain conditions. This study is currently being conducted using Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors to determine the speed of the train at a specific point. Three different specific points are chosen. The speed is calculated by dividing the distance between two wheels on one bogie by the time between the two peaks representing the two wheels on one bogie. The train traveling between each point exhibits three different speed behaviours. It is currently found that the average speed at location 1 is 49.71 km/h, and the train is decelerating. At location 2, the average speed is 66.21 km/h, and the train moves at a constant speed. Lastly, at location 3, the average speed is 40.18 km/h, and the train is accelerating. In addition, the wavelength shifting signal can be utilized to count the train's axles. In this experiment, the train consists of 9 bogies with 18 sets of wheels. Therefore, this experiment demonstrates that FBG sensors can be used to determine the speed of the train at a certain location.