bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and awareness of ozone therapy among dental professionals
Authors: Kaushik Vishnu Rajkumar  , Jeevitha M  , Sangeetha S
Published: September 2020

Ozone is a form of oxygen made up of triatomic molecules, which is considered to be having a great positive effect on the field of medicine and dentistry. Ozone therapy involves mainly the use of ozone gas for the treatment. It is mainly used for the treatment of arthritis, or any viral diseases like HIV or SARS. It is also used as a disinfectant and it also helps in stimulating the immune response of the body and cancer therapy. It will help as sanitary techniques such as irrigation with antiseptic. The study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of ozone therapy among dental practitioners. An online based questionnaire was distributed to all the participants. The participants were well informed about the online survey and it was answered with full potential. Then the results were collected and were analysed statistically. 60.4% of the study population were aware of the use of ozone therapy in dental applications, and 57.5% of the study population was aware that ozone prevents tooth decay. From the analysed data it was observed that that the majority of the participants were aware about the usage of ozone therapy in dentistry.
Malocclusion in Children with and without Cleft Palate - A case - Control Study
Authors: Thiviya Raaj  , Vignesh Ravindran  , Sri Sakthi D
Published: September 2020

There is a principle agreement that malocclusion is a major health concern as it is the third most common oral disease, next only to dental caries and periodontal disease. As it is a major challenge for even normally abled children to handle these problems, questions arise as to the difference in the extent or severity of manifestation of malocclusion in the oral cavity of patients with cleft palate. The study aims to determine the prevalence of malocclusion in children with and without cleft palate. A sample size of 18 case sheets was reviewed for malocclusion in children with cleft only. The data was obtained from record management software of a private dental institute. Data was analysed using SPSS software, and Mann-Whitney was done. The results were recorded. Children with cleft palate showed higher incidence of malocclusion when compared to children without cleft palate. Within the limitations of the present study, children with cleft palate (case) showed a higher incidence of malocclusion than the control group.
Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children and Treatment
Authors: Anu Iswarya Jaisankar  , Raghu Nandhakumar  , Ezhilarasan D
Published: September 2020

Autism spectrum disorder is mainly characterized by impaired social function and disruptions of communication in a variety of Neurodevelopmental disorders. Symptoms involve conflict, loss of comprehension, intense emphasis on one task. Discussing the indications, Influenced youngsters to experience the absence of social correspondence and communication practices, for example, making conflicting eye contacts, not having the option to tune in and comprehend individuals around them, Rarely sharing happiness regarding items or exercises by pointing or demonstrating things to other people, Being delayed in reacting to their names or some other verbal endeavours to pick up consideration; Having outward appearances, developments and signals that don't coordinate with the circumstance; Having a surprising manner of speaking. It can have different etiological causes such as anatomy, maternal and perinatal influences, neuroanatomic anomalies, and environmental factors. As we examined the intricacy in the etiology and indications of the confusion, we may comprehend the trouble in the board intercessions and treatment ways to deal with the disorder. However, different specialists throughout the world had worked enthusiastically in building numerous intercession models that help in lessening the indications and in improving the social-relational abilities of the influenced. The review addresses various clinical, scientific, psychological, family-based and recovery strategies.
Marginal Leakage Around Fixed Dental Prosthesis - A review
Authors: Ritya Mary Jibu  , Keerthi Sasanka  , Geetha V R
Published: September 2020

Marginal leakage is the intrusion into the space between all the restorative materials and cavity walls of fluids, bacteria, and ions. It can cause irritation of the pulp, change of color in the tooth and secondary caries, and may also result in restoration failure. The freshly placed prosthetic margins invariably leak. As time goes by there is a rise in marginal leakage associated with the manufacture of corrosion products and the expansion of other materials into the space between the tooth and the prosthesis. Dental researchers have been interested in the efficacy of the restorative materials to seal cavity margins against the entry of salivary constituents for some time. Some studies have shown that normal dentin would allow the penetration of dyes into human teeth's tubules. An analysis of later micro-leakage studies reveals that the structure of the dentin is permeable to the diffusion of fluids by natural and acquired defects. Because the enamel surface contains natural cracks and that allow the fluid to penetrate, the enamel can also have areas of hypo calcification, , chemical breakdown, abrasion, and carious lesions that increase penetration. However, enables the transportation of fluids by processes. Cutting dentin with dental pressure increases the exposed surface area and thus increases the amount of tubules available for fluid transfer into the pulp chamber. While ionic charge and chemical reactivity of diffusing fluids lead to marginal leakage, the physical and chemical character of restorative materials, and the operator's clinical skills are equally essential.
Neurolink - A Review
Authors: Pratheebha C  , Yuvaraj Babu K  , Gifrina Jayaraj
Published: September 2020

Neurolink is the work product from Musk in the year 2016, which was about to develop an implantable and high-brain -computer interface (BCI). The treatment for the sensory and motor activities Brain-machine Interface (BMI) is also used for the treatment of neurological problems. The aim of this review is to explore some detailed information regarding the recent advances in Neurolink project - the benefits, merits as well as the demerits it has. This concept that is a project with neuro link was completely a new idea, and the modern world needed equipment like this, to help people with neurological disorders since the turn of the century. This new invention has a three stated goal, the first and most predominant one was for treating any kind of neurological disorders, and the second one is for the people who met with an accident and last and final was to create BMI. For example, a paralyzed person can use a BMI to move a mouse cursor or a robotic arm. Such options let them retain more independence. This idea of developing BMI of Musk was completely a new idea, and it was positive towards people, and cost-effective means of delivering neurosurgical care to underserved areas are the conclusions from the initial experience of this new project. This review is an attempt to update the recent advance of Neurolink project; further research is the need of the hour to know about its complete use for human beings.
Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Protocol After Needle Stick Injury among Medical Students
Authors: Shreejha M V  , Kavitha S  , Vishnupriya V  , Gayathri R
Published: September 2020

Needle stick injuries are more prominent among health care professionals, and it can be defined as a wound of percutaneous piercing by a needle point or other sharp instruments and objects. Needle stick injury (NSI) is a significant risk towards the transmission of pathogens and diseases. This present study was aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness and prevalence of NSI among medical students. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among the medical students (104 student). The questionnaire was distributed through an online survey google forms among medical students to assess their knowledge and awareness towards the NSI. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. The Pearson Chi-square test was done in association with the year of study of the respondents. The survey results showed that 60.7% of the students were aware of the disease caused by the NSI, 35.5% students were aware of the measures to be taken when NSI occurs, 63.6% of the students said single handed technique is safe for needle recapping. The chi-square analysis showed that there is no association between the year of study and awareness on the protocol to be followed after NSI. The study revealed that knowledge about NSI and the preventive measures among medical students was inadequate. Hence, it is utmost important to make the medical students aware of the protocol for NSI and to train them on that.
Association of age with dental plaque score- A record based analysis
Authors: Preetha Parthasarathy  , Leelavathi L  , Sreedevi Dharman
Published: September 2020

Dental plaque is a soft deposit that forms the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface or other hard surface in the oral cavity including removable and fixed restoration. It can either be a supragingival or subgingival plaque. The standard plaque index followed is Silness and Loe’s index (1964). The study is done in order to find a correlation between age and dental plaque score. To evaluate the association between age and dental plaque score. The study was conducted in a university set up in a Private Dental College, Chennai. The standard index used in the study is Silness and Loe’s plaque index. The data was collected from the hospital digital database by reviewing and analysing the case sheets of patients who visited the hospital between June 2019 to March 2020. The sample size was 1235. Tabulation and results were generated using SPSS version 19, chi-square test was performed. The age group 18 to 35 years had 52.3% of good plaque score, 42.6% of fair and 5% of poor plaque score. The age group 36 to 50 years had 40% of good plaque score, 49.9% of fair and 10.1% of poor plaque score. The age group 51 to 70 years had 32.2% of good 50% of fair and 17.8% of poor plaque score. P value was found to be significant <0.05. Within the limits of the study, it was observed that the age group 51 to 70 years had notably higher prevalence of fair and poor plaque scores when compared to other two age groups. This study can be used as a reference for understanding the pattern of age wise distribution of dental plaque.
Association of age and sex of patients undergoing class 2 amalgam restoration in mandibular premolars
Authors: Aishwarya S  , Pradeep S  , Suresh V
Published: September 2020

The most versatile restorative materials in the field of dentistry are dental amalgam which constitutes 75% of all restorative materials used by dental practitioners. Due to its excellent load-bearing capacity and low costs, it is still the top priority for many dentists. In this retrospective study, the details of the 86,000 patient records were reviewed and analyzed, out of which 160 patients who had undergone class 2 amalgam restoration in mandibular premolars between June 2019 to March 2020 were included in this study. The details like age, gender, tooth number and the surface of restorations were evaluated and entered in SPSS, version 23. The data were analyzed through a chi-square test. It was observed that there is no significant association between age, and surface distribution in mandibular premolars (p>0.05), however, on analyzing the association between gender and tooth surface, the statistical significance between gender and tooth surface was found ( p <0.05). Within the limitations, the mandibular second premolars had undergone more class 2 amalgam restoration than the first premolar. Disto occlusal restoration was performed in higher numbers, followed by mesio occlusal restoration in both genders.
Primary stability achieved during implant surgery and bone loss at recovery in patients of a private dental institution — A retrospective analysis
Authors: Shebi S  , Suresh
Published: September 2020

Implant stability plays a critical role for osseointegration, without osseointegration long term success cannot be achieved, primary stability occurs from mechanical attachment with the cortical bone. It is the gold standard for success of implants. This is a descriptive clinical study carried out in saveetha dental college and hospital, Poonamallee, Chennai. All the patients who underwent single or two-unit implant surgery were selected. The study setting was done from university predominantly south Indian populations and data with regard to primary stability at placement, level of the implant with bone, crestal bone loss at stage 2 recovery were retrieved from the digital case sheets. Data were entered using SPSS software, and Chi-square test was used for inferential analysis, with a P-value < 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. The results obtained indicate more implants are placed with primary stability in 30-40 Ncm(49.8%). More frequently placed crestal relation is equi crestal region (84.4%) and crestal bone loss was less than 1-2mm is seen(87.3%) at stage 2 recovery. The results were subjected to statistical chi-square test, and it is observed that primary stability at 30-40 Ncm or greater did not have any significant association with crestal bone loss. An equi crestal placement of the implant was preferred irrespective of implant type.
Trends of Implant Placement in Relation to Crestal Bone Level in a Private Dental Institute
Authors: Rinieshah Nair R Baskran  , Rajendra Prabhu Abhinav  , Murugaiyan Arun  , Balaji Ganesh S
Published: September 2020

Dental implants provide a strong foundation for fixed or removable prosthetic teeth that are made to match natural dentition. It has become an ideal method of oral rehabilitation after missing natural dentition has been recognised as a reliable tool for dental reconstruction and aesthetics. Marginal bone loss is characterized by a reduction in bone loss is characterized by a reduction in bone level both vertically and horizontally. The levels at which dental implants are placed include sub-crystal, equi-crestal, and supra-crestal. The crestal levels affect bone height significantly. Failure to do so will lead to peri-implant bone loss which will affect the implant function and ultimately implant failure. A retrospective study was conducted based on a university setting. 615 patients with 1141 implant sites were reviewed from June 2019 to March 2020. Excel tabulation and SPSS analysis were done for data analysis. There was a statistically significant difference between the variables that included tooth region, crestal relation and site (jaw)—[p-value<0.05] The most common crestal relation of implant placement is equi-crestal implant placement. The assessment of trends of implant placement in relation to crestal bone level shows that equi-crestal implant is the most preferred crestal relation of implant placement in Saveetha Dental College.
Incidence of Bilateral Cleft Lip And Palate In A University Hospital Setting-A Retrospective Study
Authors: Monisha K  , Senthil Murugan P  , Aravind Kumar
Published: September 2020

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most prevalent malformations occurring in the head and neck region. Cleft lip and palate is the second most birth defect in the US after club foot. The incidence of Cleft lip and cleft palate is also very common in Indian Population with the rate of 1 in 700 births approximately. In India, the main reason for the formation of Cleft Lip and cleft palate is consanguineous marriage due to less awareness among people. Cleft lip can be unilateral or bilateral and may involve or palate. Again it can be further classified as Complete or Incomplete cleft lip and /or Cleft palate. Most of the patients were deprived of treatment, mainly due to their unawareness and their lower status. Cleft patients need comprehensive, cleft care management. So the aim of this study is to find the incidence of bilateral cleft lip or palate in patients who reported toSaveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. This study is done with 76 patients40 males, 36 females)who visited a Saveetha Dental College during one year between June 2019-April 2020. All available data were extracted from patients case sheets and results were obtained through SPSS analysis. In this study, we observed that 90.5 % of patients reported with unilateral cleft lip and palate, where only 9.1% of patients reported with bilateral cases. Males were having high prevalence with 52.6 % and females 47.4%. conclusion, male patients had higher cleft lip and palate compared to females. The incidence of bilateral cases seen among cleft lip and palate is fewer in males.
One-piece Lefort osteotomy versus segmental procedure for maxillary skeletal deformities - A retrospective study
Authors: Kalyani P  , Madhulaxmi M  , Santhosh Kumar M P
Published: September 2020

Maxillary skeletal deformities can occur in all three planes and are corrected by orthognathic surgery. Osteotomies form the basis for orthognathic surgeries. One of the most commonly used osteotomy techniques for maxillary skeletal deformities is the LeFort osteotomy. The aim of this study was to compare the application of One Piece LeFort Osteotomy and Segmental Osteotomy procedures in the treatment of maxillary skeletal deformities. The institutional study involved analysis of case sheets of patients who underwent surgical correction of maxillary skeletal deformities in the stipulated time frame and assessment based on the parameters: Demographic data, type of cephalometric analysis, cephalometric values, type of skeletal deformity, and technique of Osteotomy. Statistical analysis was calculated by chi-square test. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Maxillary skeletal deformities were more prevalent among females (60%) than males (40%). Anterior maxillary segmental osteotomies were more commonly performed (60%), followed by LeFort 1 osteotomy (26.7%). The prevalence of posterior osteotomy technique was 13.3%. A statistically significant association was revealed between the type of skeletal malocclusion and technique of Osteotomy used, with a p-value of 0.008<0.05. The type of malocclusion dictates the technique of Osteotomy is used. In a skeletal Class II, segmental malocclusion procedure was more preferred for maxillary deformities.
Association of Age and Gender distribution in Patients undergoing Onlay Restoration
Authors: Sahil Choudhari  , Subash Sharma  , Jaiganesh Ramamurthy
Published: September 2020

In order to reinforce a weakened cusp, a restoration covering the cusp is done to reduce the incidence for fracture and the failure of the tooth. There are multiple options to perform posterior restorations, which include direct materials like amalgam and composite and indirect materials like ceramic and metal. The aim of the study was to find out the association of age, gender and tooth number in patients undergoing onlay restoration. 86000 patient records at a private dental college were reviewed between June 2019 to March 2020. Our study included all the people who had undergone onlay restoration. A total of 49 onlay restorations were done. The collected data was tabulated using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS. Incomplete data was excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using a chi-square test. In our study, we observed that the age group below 30 years (p>0.05) reported the most for onlay treatment with a higher incidence of males (p>0.05). A maximum number of onlay treated teeth was 46. (p>0.05) Metal ceramic was the most common type of material used for onlay fabrication. (p>0.05) Within the limitations of the study, no significant difference was found between age, gender, tooth number and type of material used for onlay fabrication.
High Frenal Attachment - As a risk Factor of Midline Diastema
Authors: Nadhirah Faiz  , Subhabrata Maiti  , Iffat Nasim  , Jessy P
Published: September 2020

Dental is a field of dentistry concerned especially with the appearance of dentition as achieved through its arrangement, form and color. The type of malocclusion, the degree of malocclusion, age, patients’ desires, practitioners’ style of treatment as well as gender predilection can influence the final treatment the patient will be subjected to. From functional demands, over the years, patients’ demands have dynamically shifted to meeting the maximum possible. In older patients, it is difficult to treat the malocclusion by only orthodontic procedures, hence bringing in the requirement of performing a multidisciplinary approach of dental treatment to provide the maximum for the patient. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of high attachments as a risk for . A sample size of 272 patients' information from the Dental Information Archiving Software database of an institutional setup in Chennai was taken, and a retrospective study was performed followed by data analysis using SPSS version 20.0 software. Within the limits of the study, it can be said that 13.6% of the cases are caused by high attachments. No significant association between age, gender and attachments associated with was confirmed in this study. P-value associated with high attachment and age was 0.28, and P-value associated with high attachment and gender was 0.39.
Analysis of Patients with Skeletal Malocclusion Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery Along with Fixed Orthodontics in a Dental Hospital Setup
Authors: Pooja Umaiyal M  , Saravana Dinesh S P  , Jaiganesh Ramamurthy
Published: September 2020

Lately, people have become more conscious about their physical appearance. Orthodontic treatment has no doubt in providing a significant effect on facial aesthetics. Commonly treated dental and skeletal malocclusion includes class II and class III, skeletal malocclusions might need orthodontic fixed appliance, orthognathic surgery or a combination of both for its correction. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence percentage of patients with skeletal malocclusion undergoing orthognathic surgery along with fixed orthodontics. We reviewed and analysed the data of 86000 patients who visited a dental institutional hospital between June 2019 and March 2020. A total of 60 patients were chosen to be included in this retrospective study. They were diagnosed with either class II or class III malocclusions. Socio-demographic and clinical data of all the 60 patients were collected, such as age, gender, type of skeletal malocclusion, treatment suggested and treatment undergone were retrieved from the patient records provided by Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. This data was tabulated in excel and analysed using SPSS software. Chi-Square test was performed, and the p-value was determined to evaluate the significance of the variables. Among the patients, 51.7% were males with the peak prevalence of reporting for skeletal malocclusion treatment at the age of 10-30 years (85%). Most predominant dental malocclusion being class II division 1 (38.3%) followed by class III(23.3%). Proclination (40%) and crowding (60%) were other common dental alignment issues in the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively.
Applications of green tea in dentistry
Authors: Reethega L  , Balaji Ganesh S  , Geetha R V
Published: September 2020

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Majority of people consume black tea more than green tea. Green tea is prepared from the dry leaves of Camellia sinensis bush. The extent of oxidation of the leaves determines the type of tea prepared. Green tea is made from the un-oxidised tea leaves and is a type of less processed tea. Therefore, it contains the most number of antioxidants and beneficial phenols. These polyphenols prevent the acid production of bacterial species like Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which are solely involved in the development of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Around 30 articles from Pubmed and other Scopus indexed journals were collected and the data was extracted from them. The articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic and characteristics. The review methods, applications of green tea in various systems, applications of green tea in dentistry and their risk and side effects were discussed. The above topics were discussed accurately and the data was selected accordingly. The topic was discussed to see whether green tea can be used in dentistry.
Association of tobacco dependence and oral hygiene status
Authors: Kiruthika Patturaja  , Arthi Balsubramaniam  , Iffat Nasim
Published: September 2020

Tobacco use has a major public health concern that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Tobacco use has an injurious effect on oral health such as oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders like , oral fibrosis. Tobacco use has been found to have a strong, chronic and dose dependent effect on periodontal tissues due to poor oral hygiene caused by increased deposit of debris and calculus among tobacco users. This study aimed to find the association between oral hygiene status and tobacco dependence. A retrospective study was conducted using the case records of patients in University hospital. Data on tobacco dependence and oral hygiene status from 150 patient records were collected and for association. Descriptive statistics and chi-square association was done. The mean age of patients in the records was 35 ± 12.44 years and males (14%) had severe tobacco dependence. The mean Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHIS) score was found to be 2.03 ± 1.009 which is interpreted as fair. There was no statistically significant association between oral hygiene status and tobacco dependence (p= 0.157). Tobacco dependence has no role in the oral hygiene status of an individual.
Prevalence of smoker’s palate and smoker’s melanosis among patients visiting a private dental college
Authors: Nor Syakirah binti Shahroom  , Manjari Chaudhary  , Iffat Nasim
Published: September 2020

Tobacco consumption including smoked or smokeless type is harmful for the oral mucosa as it promotes the development of oral cancer and oral mucosal lesions such as leukoplakia, smoker’s palate (nicotinic stomatitis), smoker’s melanosis and other types of lesions. A retrospective study was conducted in a dental hospital from July 2019 till March 2020. A total of 146 patients diagnosed with smoker’s palate, smoker’s melanosis or both were included in this study. The data variables including socio-demographic and patients diagnosed with smoker’s palate and smoker’s melanosis were recorded and analyzed using SPSS Statistical software Version 20. Smoker’s palate and smoker’s melanosis were prevalent in 50-59 years and predominant in males. In this present study, smoker’s palate (53.4%) was more prevalent followed by smoker’s melanosis (24%) and smoker’s palate and melanosis (22.6%). There was statistically insignificant association between the age and types of oral mucosal lesion (p>0.05). It can be concluded that smoker’s palate was more prevalent followed by smoker’s melanosis and both in which 50-59 years age and male group were more predominant.
Prevalence and associated factors for mandibular Premolar impaction in various malocclusions
Authors: Hemashree J  , Ravindra Kumar Jain  , Manjari Chaudhary
Published: September 2020

Teeth which fail to erupt to the level of the occlusal plane even after ⅔ rd root formation is completed are termed as impacted teeth. Prevalence of impacted teeth can vary from one person to another and also among populations. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of mandibular premolar impaction in various skeletal malocclusion patients. This retrospective study included case records of 886 subjects who visited the orthodontic department of Saveetha Dental College from June 2019- March 2020. OPG and intraoral photographs of all the subjects were analysed to find the prevalence of mandibular premolar impaction. The present study reported the prevalence of impacted mandibular premolar at 0.5%. Out of the total 4 cases in which mandibular premolars were impacted, three patients had skeletal Class I malocclusion. The prevalence of premolar impaction was higher in females than males. No significant association between gender and premolar impaction was noted (p > 0.05). To conclude, though the prevalence of mandibular premolar impaction is low, it is important to diagnose early to avoid complications and plan treatment.
Correlation between Age, Gender and Habits among Children - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sanjana Devi  , Revathi Duraisamy
Published: September 2020

Oral health influences the overall health of an individual. Hence, when oral health is affected the general well-being of the individual is unbalanced. Habits are repetitive actions done automatically. They represent an altered pattern of muscle contraction, done unconsciously and on a regular basis. Some habits are helpful, whereas other habits are deleterious over the long run. Habits can be either functional or non-functional. Functional habits include repeating normal functions unnecessarily like swallowing, chewing and nasal breathing. Whereas non-functional habits are unnecessary extra functions like thumb-sucking, nail-biting and lip sucking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between age, gender and habits. A retrospective study was conducted in the Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India. Ethical clearance was obtained from the SRB committee, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India. The clinical portion of this retrospective study was conducted over nine months, i.e., between June 2019 to March 2020. Data were collected from a total of 86000 patients who visited the Saveetha dental college between Jun 2019 to March 2020. Out of this, the data of 400 patients who visited the institute were retrieved with the inclusion criteria of the study. The data obtained were tabulated in SPSS for Windows, version 20. Frequencies were analysed. Chi square test was done to evaluate the association between age, gender and habits. In the present study, there was 35.3% were males, and 64.7% were females. 15.6% were four years of age, 9% were five years of age, 11.3% were six years of age, 10.7% were seven years of age, 17.6% were eight years of age, 12.7% were nine years of age, 0.6% were ten years of age, 10.7% were 11 years of age. 16.8% have tongue thrusting, 36.1% have thumb sucking, 25.7% have nail-biting, 21.4% have mouth breathing. Within the limitations of this study, there was no significant association between habits and age [P=0.086] and gender [P=0.102].
Relationship Between TMJ Disorders and Malocclusion
Authors: Oviya V J  , Saravana Dinesh S P  , Deepa Gurunathan
Published: September 2020

Temporomandibular disorders are a class of degenerative and musculoskeletal conditions associated with morphological and functional deformities. It is prevalent among all age groups causing various symptoms, including pain, discomfort, even limiting the functions. Malocclusion is one of the predisposing factors causing TMJ disorders. Hence the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between TMJ disorders and malocclusion. A retrospective study was conducted. Data was collected through reviewing records of 86000 patients visiting a dental hospital in Chennai. A total of 294 patients who had reported with TMJ problems were evaluated. Data such as age, gender, symptoms, associated with TMD, presence of malocclusion, patient's profile were noted. The data collected were analysed statistically through IBM SPSS software. A total of 294 patients reported with TMJ disorders in all age groups from June (2019) to March (2020). TMJ disorders were prevalent more in the age group of 20-40years (57.4%) and more among males (52.58%). About 54.79% of the patients with TMD had malocclusion. In this study, TMJ disorders and malocclusion were significantly associated with each other.
Smart restorative materials used in dentistry - A review
Authors: Praveen Kumar S  , Balaji Ganesh S  , Vinay Sivasamy
Published: September 2020

The expression "Smart restorative material" alludes to those that can be changed in controlled style for example, stress, temperature moisture, pH and electrical or attractive fields. The need of great importance is to present dental materials that have biomimicking properties of regular tooth structure. Different biocompatible materials have been presented and generally utilized in numerous fields of dentistry. Smart restorative behaviour of substances occurs while it detects a few improvements from the overall circumstance and responds to it in a helpful, reproducible and for the maximum element reversible way. A key component of smart conduct incorporates its capacity to come back to the first state. A portion of these materials utilized are altered glass ionomers, calcium phosphate discharging pit and fissure sealants, smart composites, smart ceramic, compomers, orthodontic shape-memory alloys, amalgams, smart impression materials, smart sutures, smart burs, smart endodontic files and so forth. These materials have changed the dentistry and are the start of another part in Biosmart Dentistry.
Incidence of oral white lesions in patients attending a private dental hospital
Authors: Sarvesh Kumar J  , Vivek Narayan  , Murugaiyan Arun
Published: September 2020

The oral cavity is vulnerable to a limitless number of environmental insults; white lesions are common findings in the oral cavity. White lesions in the oral cavity may be benign, premalignant or malignant. Early determination is the most significant single factor in battling oral malignancy and improving endurance rate. So white lesions occurring in the oral mucosa are promptly needed to be identified and treated. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of oral white lesions occurring among patients visiting a private dental hospital. A total of 10,000 patient data were selected for the study; patients who reported to the dental college between June 2019 to March 2020 were included for the study. This was a retrospective study, and the data were obtained from patient case records, and the data were reviewed for the presence of white lesions. White lesions coexisting with other types of lesions such as red lesions, vesiculoerosive lesions, pigmented lesions etc. have been excluded from the study. The overall incidence of white lesions was found to be 7.3 per 1000 per year. The number of oral white lesions was 0.65% in males and 0.08% in females. The number of Leukoplakia was 26.03% in male, and 1.37% in female, OSMF 24.66% in male and 4.11% in female, Tobacco pouch keratosis 31.51% in males and chemical burn 4.11% in males and 2.74% in females, candidiasis was 2.74% in both male and female. From the present study, we can conclude that the typical white lesion in the oral cavity is tobacco pouch keratosis and most of the lesions belong to the category of potentially malignant disorders hence the timely diagnosis of these lesions is paramount and can minimize the progression of oral cancer.
Association Between Cervical Abrasion and Age and Its Influence on Gender - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nur Liyana Hannah Binti Izham Akmal  , Adimulapu Hima Sandeep  , Revathi Duraisamy
Published: September 2020

Cervical lesions are often characterized by defects seen in the gingival third of a tooth crown which may be in the facial or lingual surface. Pathological loss of tooth structure caused by factors other than dental caries such as cervical abrasion is referred to as non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Cervical abrasion is an example of NCCL in which a constant exposure of the tooth to mechanical forces leads to pathological wearing away of the hard tissues. In most of the cases, cervical tooth lesions are revealed to be more common as the age increases. Several studies have reported the difference in the prevalence of cervical abrasion between males and females. Many reports suggest that cervical abrasion is commonly associated with improper tooth brushing habits. To evaluate the prevalence of cervical abrasion between genders and its influence on age. It is a retrospective study conducted using the case records of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India from June 2019 to March 2020. Data including the patient’s name, patient’s identification number (PID), age, gender and presence of cervical abrasion were retrieved from the patients’ case records. A total of 742 consecutive case records were retrieved and analysed. Cervical abrasion was observed in 371 individuals of this study. High prevalence of cervical abrasions was seen in males (70.9%) compared to females (29.1%). Most of the cases were observed in individuals within the 41-50 years age group (28.8%), and the least was seen within the 11-20 years age group (0.3%). Within the limits of the study, most of the cervical abrasion cases are recorded in individuals within the 41-50 years age group with higher predilection in males. There is a statistically significant association of cervical abrasion with age and gender.
Pulpectomy in Maxillary First Molars With Distal Caries
Authors: Mohamad Qulam Zaki Bin Mohamad Rasidi  , Bhagya lakhsmi T  , Dinesh Prabu
Published: September 2020

Dental caries is having the most prevalence of the chronic disease in pediatric patients. It is considered as the most unmet health care for society with the lowest socioeconomic status. If dental caries is not treated with proper treatment, it may develop more complicated consequences in various aspects such as dental, medical, social, and life quality. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the pulpectomy procedure in maxillary first primary molars with distal caries in the Chennai population visiting the Outpatient Department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai based on their gender and age. A total of 199 patients details aged between 4 and 11 years old obtained from patients records to assess pulpectomy treatment done with distal caries involved, with their gender and age. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 20). Chi-square test was used to determine the association of occurrence pulpectomy with distal caries involvement in a maxillary first primary molar, gender, and age. In this present study, the prevalence of male patients was 56.8% and for females was 43.2% with p>0.05 (statistically insignificant). Males patients more prevalent for pulpectomy due to distal caries. Patients in the age group between 4 and 5 years old have a higher prevalence (55.7%) with p>0.05. The most prominent teeth number affected by distal caries was left maxillary first primary molar-64, with 52.8% prevalence. Within this limit of this study, this study showed that the prevalence of pulpectomy in maxillary first primary molars due to distal caries was more in males than females, and higher incidence for age between 4 and 5 years old, with the most affected tooth was left side, 64.
Prevalence Of Mandibular Third Molar Pericoronitis Among Smokers And Evaluation Of Its Treatment Outcomes - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pooja Umaiyal M  , Jaiganesh Ramamurthy
Published: September 2020

Pericoronitis is an infectious disease affecting the operculum overlying a semi-erupted or erupting tooth. Pericoronitis occurs mainly or particularly on the lower third molars. It is painfully debilitating at times and it's a common periodontal emergency found for many diseases, with tobacco being the major modifiable risk factor. It has a negative impact over oral health and oral hygiene. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence of pericoronitis among smokers. Patients included in this retrospective study were those with a diagnosis of pericoronitis from July 2019 till March 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical data of all the 109 patients collected such as age, gender, tooth or teeth affected by pericoronitis and treatment undergone were retrieved from the recorded details of the patients. This data was tabulated in excel and then imported to SPSS software for statistical analysis. During the study period, 109 patients presented with pericoronitis. The peak age for the prevalence of pericoronitis was 20-25 years accounting for 75.2% of the patients. The prevalence of lower left third molar (54.1%) being affected with pericoronitis was higher than the lower right third molar being affected (45.9%). Extraction (95.4%) was the frequently performed treatment for pericoronitis. Pericoronitis occurs more often in 20-25 years of age patients who are smokers. While the lower left third molar being the most common tooth involved in pericoronitis and extraction of the affected teeth was the treatment of choice among the majority of the population.
Affordability versus willingness for dental treatment - A survey
Authors: Pravinya Sam  , Suresh Venugopalan  , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: September 2020

Financial barriers are an important reason for not being able to see a dentist. Still, lack of information and awareness about dental treatment acts as a barrier in getting quality dental treatment even among financially strong individuals in our country. This study aimed to analyze the awareness about dental treatments and willingness to spend on dental treatment among patients as an important factor in determining the treatment plan. A structured questionnaire was framed to evaluate the buying capacity of individuals towards comfort and gadgets and their buying capacity when it comes to dental treatment, and the responses were collected using an online surveying tool. Only 20% visit the dentist on a periodic basis for checkups, and the other 80% were unaware of the concept of regular dental checkups and visited the dentist only when they had dental complaints. 45% visited dentist only after getting pain.33% received fillings and root canal. Of the 25% who underwent extraction only 10% replaced the extracted teeth.20% only received consultation and medications and didn't turn up for other treatments. Even when the dentist offered different treatment plans, 46% of the patients chose the cheaper option. 76.3% of the surveyed people had health insurance and among them, and 36.3% were not aware of the fact whether their health insurance covers their dental treatment. People are more willing to spend for gadgets and comfort than the basic dental needs. Most of them are unaware of the fact about regular dental visits and visit the dentist only on getting pain or other severe problems and show negligence towards spending for other crucial treatments even when the dentist educates them about the need for the treatment.
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF DESTRUCTIVE FISHING IN INDONESIAN SEAS
Authors: Mufrohim Ook , Setiyono Joko
Published: September 2020

Indonesia is a country consisting of many islands. This makes Indonesia rich in natural marine resources consisting of marine products such as fish and other marine animals. Catching fish by means of damage or (destructive fishing) using trawlers, fish bombs, fish anesthesia needs special attention in terms of law enforcement, to support the protection of marine ecosystems and enforcement of existing regulations. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach. This research shows weaknesses in committing destructive fishing crimes. This is intended so that law enforcers can enforce according to the provisions of the statutory regulations that are willing, and seek additional personnel or carry out strategies so that they can carry out surveillance in the Indonesian sea from catching fish in destructive ways.
LAND REGISTRATION AND SPORADIC COOPERATION POLICY
Authors: Sulistyowati Sulistyowati
Published: September 2020

This research aims tounderstand the complete systematic land registration policy and to understand the complete systematic land registration model at the Jepara Regency Land Office. The approach method used is sociological juridical and data collection is done using the interview method. The results of this study indicate that the complete systematic land registration policy has been implemented in a collaborative manner with sporadic registration, which is ultimately divided into 4 (four) clusters. This is because not all people agree with the Complete Systematic Land Registration program. Collaboration of the registration system is carried out in order to achievetarget group .
AGREEMENT ON THE JOINT COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF ACTION (JCPOA) BETWEEN IRAN AND THE UNITED STATES
Authors: El Khalfi Mohamad Amine
Published: September 2020

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is the result of diplomatic negotiations reached by the United States, Britain, France, Russia, China, Germany and Iran in 2015 regarding the Iran Nuclear Agreement. The emergence of this agreement was due to Iran's actions abusing its nuclear development to serve as a weapon of mass destruction in 2011. In response to this, Western countries imposed economic sanctions on Iran in the hope of weakening Iran's position so that it does not have the ability to continue its nuclear weapons program. In fact, these sanctions succeeded in weakening the Iranian economy but were not politically effective enough because the Iranian government remained strong, this led to Iran being still involved in various conflicts in the region and still insisting on developing its uranium enrichment. Iran's tough stance made Western countries choose to bring Iran into the negotiations by making offers that could attract Iran's attention. During the Obama administration, the United States succeeded in bringing Iran into the negotiations. An achievement when the United States together with Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany succeeded in getting Iran to agree to stop developing its nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions from the West. However, when the Donald Trump administration tensions began to re-emerge with the assassination of one of Iran's war generals that took place in 2020. The United States succeeded in bringing Iran into the talks. An achievement when the United States together with Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany succeeded in getting Iran to agree to stop developing its nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions from the West. However, when the Donald Trump administration tensions began to re-emerge with the assassination of one of Iran's war generals that took place in 2020. The United States succeeded in bringing Iran into the negotiations. An achievement when the United States together with Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany succeeded in getting Iran to agree to stop developing its nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions from the West. However, when the Donald Trump administration tensions began to re-emerge with the assassination of one of Iran's war generals that took place in 2020.
DIREITO À PRIVACIDADE NO SISTEMA REGIONAL INTERAMERICANO E EUROPEU DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Stoll de Morais Leonardo
Published: September 2020

No presente artigo é apresentada uma revisão jurisprudencial do sistema regional de direitos humanos sobre o direito à privacidade. Busca-se sistematizar os aspectos envolvidos na aplicação desse direito pela Corte Interamericana e Europeia em dois sentidos: primeiro, por meio da verificação das situações jurídicas subjetivas que foram reconhecidas para sua aplicação; e segundo, a partir da identificação dos danos alegados pelos particulares que acreditam terem sido lesados por atos de terceiros. O entendimento desses aspectos ofereceu uma visão panorâmica sobre a abrangência individual e relacional da privacidade, ponto fundamental que deve estar presente nos mecanismos de proteção existentes nos Estados-membros do sistema multinível de direitos humanos.