bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding splenic B‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia with prominent nucleoli: Diagnosis, underpinnings for disease classification and future directions
Authors: Naresh Kikkeri N.
Published: September 2024

The 5th edition of the WHO classification of haematolymphoid tumours (WHO‐HAEM5) introduced a new category, splenic B‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia with prominent nucleoli (SBLPN). The diagnostic entity B‐cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (B‐PLL) has been discontinued and the category of hairy cell leukaemia variant (HCLv) has been conceptually reframed. B‐PLL and HCLv diagnoses were uncommon. Overlap existed between B‐PLL and other indolent lymphomas like chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). HCLv lacked consistent cytomorphological, immunophenotypic and genetic features. To address these issues, the WHO‐HAEM5 classification has introduced SBLPN to serve as a temporary holding ground for entities that do not neatly fit into the existing classification. Cases previously classified as CD5‐negative B‐PLL and HCLv fall under the SBLPN category. Some splenic marginal zone lymphoma and splenic diffuse red pulp small B‐cell lymphoma cases with higher number of medium or large nucleolated B cells would also be classified as SBLPN under the WHO‐HAEM5. This review explores the rationale for discontinuing B‐PLL and HCLv diagnoses. It then examines the concept of SBLPN, offers practical guidance for diagnosis and discusses future directions in classifying splenic B‐cell lymphomas.
Green dreams are made of this: Futures consciousness and proenvironmental engagement
Authors: Lalot Fanny , Ahvenharju Sanna , Uusitalo Outi
Published: September 2024

Futures consciousness (FC) refers to the capacity to understand, anticipate and prepare for the future. As a form of future orientation, it encompasses five interrelated dimensions of time perspective, agency beliefs, openness to alternatives, systems perception and concern for others. We present here cross‐sectional evidence that FC is related to greater environmental engagement, above and beyond other future orientation constructs. In two pre‐registered studies (one convenience student sample and one representative sample; N = 1041), we found that respondents with higher futures consciousness reported greater proenvironmental behaviour (consumption behaviour, land stewardship, social environmentalism and environmental citizenship). FC proved a better predictor of proenvironmental behaviour than the Zimbardo Inventory's Future Time Perspective and the Consideration for Future Consequences Scale (Study 1). FC was also related to stronger biospheric values (Study 2). However, it was not significantly related to personal environmental footprint (derived from a 16‐item calculator). Strikingly, the environmental footprint was also unrelated to the Proenvironmental Behaviour Scale, which could point to a lack of correspondence between measures of proenvironmental propensity and impact. We discuss implications for future‐thinking research and interventions aiming to improve futures consciousness.
A p75 neurotrophin receptor‐sparing nerve growth factor protects retinal ganglion cells from neurodegeneration by targeting microglia
Authors: Latini Laura , De Araujo Daniel Souza Monteiro , Amato Rosario , Canovai Alessio , Buccarello Lucia , De Logu Francesco , Novelli Elena , Vlasiuk Anastasiia , Malerba Francesca , Arisi Ivan , Florio Rita , Asari Hiroki , Capsoni Simona , Strettoi Enrica , Villetti Gino , Imbimbo Bruno Pietro , Dal Monte Massimo , Nassini Romina , Geppetti Pierangelo , Marinelli Silvia , Cattaneo Antonino
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output stage of retinal information processing, via their axons forming the optic nerve (ON). ON damage leads to axonal degeneration and death of RGCs, and results in vision impairment. Nerve growth factor (NGF) signalling is crucial for RGC operations and visual functions. Here, we investigate a new neuroprotective mechanism of a novel therapeutic candidate, a p75‐less, TrkA‐biased NGF agonist (hNGFp) in rat RGC degeneration, in comparison with wild type human NGF (hNGFwt).

Experimental Approach

Both neonate and adult rats, whether subjected or not to ON lesion, were treated with intravitreal injections or eye drops containing either hNGFp or hNGFwt. Different doses of the drugs were administered at days 1, 4 or 7 after injury for a maximum of 10 days, when immunofluorescence, electrophysiology, cellular morphology, cytokine array and behaviour studies were carried out. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed on rabbits treated with hNGFp ocular drops.

Results

hNGFp exerted a potent RGC neuroprotection by acting on microglia cells, and outperformed hNGFwt in rescuing RGC degeneration and reducing inflammatory molecules. Delayed use of hNGFp after ON lesion resulted in better outcomes compared with treatment with hNGFwt. Moreover, hNGFp‐based ocular drops were less algogenic than hNGFwt. Pharmacokinetic measurements revealed that biologically relevant quantities of hNGFp were found in the rabbit retina.

Conclusions and Implications

Our data point to microglia as a new cell target through which NGF‐induced TrkA signalling exerts neuroprotection of the RGC, emphasizing hNGFp as a powerful treatment to tackle retinal degeneration.
Isoquercetin Ameliorates Osteoarthritis via Nrf2/NF‐κB Axis: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Yu He , Lou Junsheng , Ni Libin , Yan Minwei , Zhu Kewu , Mao Su , Zhu Jungao
Published: September 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and inflammation, which is involved with pathological microenvironmental alterations induced by damaged chondrocytes. However, current therapies are not effective in alleviating the progression of OA. Isoquercetin is a natural flavonoid glycoside compound that has various pharmacological effects including anticancer, anti‐diabetes and blood lipid regulation. Previous evidence suggests that isoquercetin has anti‐inflammatory properties in various diseases, but its effect on OA has not been investigated yet. In this study, through western bolt, qRT‐PCR and ELISA, it was found that isoquercetin could reduce the increase of ADAMTS5, MMP13, COX‐2, iNOS and IL‐6 induced by IL‐1β, suggesting that isoquercetin could inhibit the inflammation and ECM degradation of chondrocytes. Through nuclear‐plasma separation technique, western blot and immunocytochemistry, it can be found that Nrf2 and NF‐κB pathways are activated in this process, and isoquercetin may rely on this process to play its protective role. In vivo, the results of X‐ray and SO staining show that intra‐articular injection of isoquercetin reduces the degradation of cartilage in the mouse OA model. In conclusion, the present work suggests that isoquercetin may benefit chondrocytes by regulating the Nrf2/NF‐κB signaling axis, which supports isoquercetin as a potential drug for the treatment of OA.
Fucoxanthin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion‐Induced Injury via AMPK/GSK‐3β/Nrf2 Axis
Authors: Zhang Qianrong , Jin Aiping , Cheng Haijuan , Li Shulin , Li Wei
Published: September 2024

Fucoxanthin (Fx), a xanthophyll carotenoid abundant in brown algae, possesses several biological functions, such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cardiac‐protective activities. However, the role of Fx in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fx on MI/R‐induced injury and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that in vitro, Fx treatment significantly suppressed inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). In addition, Fx led to increased phosphorylation of AMPK, AKT, and GSK‐3β, and enhanced activation of Nrf2 in cardiomyocytes under H/R conditions. Notably, pretreatment with Compound C (AMPK inhibitor), partially reduced the beneficial effects of Fx in cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R. In vivo, Fx ameliorated myocardial damage, inhibited inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and activated the AMPK/GSK‐3β/Nrf2 signaling in myocardial tissues in MI/R rat model. Taken together, these findings indicated that Fx attenuates MI/R‐induced injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The AMPK/GSK‐3β/Nrf2 pathway is involved in the cardioprotective effect of Fx in MI/R injury. Thus, Fx may be a promising drug for the treatment of MI/R.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalating phase IIa trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of Pynegabine tablets as add‐on therapy in patients with focal epilepsy
Authors: Wei Shan , Shiwen Weng , Cao‐wenjing Chang , Huajun Yang , Qun Wang
Published: September 2024

Aims

This study aims to investigate the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of Pynegabine as an add‐on therapy in the treatment of focal epilepsy.

Methodology

This is a protocol phase‐IIa, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study in patients with focal epilepsy from multiple centers in China who have been treated with at least 2 ASMs without effective control. The study involves an 8‐week run‐in period with stable use of previous medications. Patients are then randomized to receive either Pynegabine or a placebo. Sentinel administration is performed initially, and subsequent patients are randomized based on safety assessments. Three dose cohorts (15, 20, and 25 mg/d) are established. Efficacy is assessed through various measures, including seizure frequency, CGI score, PGI score, HAMA score, HAMD score, MoCA scale score, QOLIE‐31 scale score, and 12 h‐EEG score. Safety evaluations, PK blood samples, concomitant medications, and adverse events are also recorded.

Conclusion

Data from the study will be used to evaluate the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of Pynegabine tablets as add‐on therapy for focal epilepsy.
Effect of ferric citrate on hippocampal iron accumulation and widespread molecular alterations associated with cognitive disorder in an ovariectomized mice model
Authors: Cui Lingling , Zhou Huijun , Hao Yudan , Yang Xiaoli , Li Zhiqian , Gao Yuting , Zhang Zhengya , Ren Lina , Ji Linpu , Sun Ruijie , Wang Yibo , Wang Xian
Published: September 2024

Objective

Nowadays, the prevalence of cognitive impairment in women has gradually increased, especially in postmenopausal women. There were few studies on the mechanistic effects of iron exposure on neurotoxicity in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of iron accumulation on cognitive ability in ovariectomized mice and its possible mechanism and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction in postmenopausal women.

Methods

Female C57BL/6N ovariectomized model mice were induced with ferric citrate (FAC). The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, sham, ovariectomized (Ovx), Ovx + 50 mg/kg FAC (Ovx + l), and Ovx + 100 mg/kg FAC (Ovx + h). The impact of motor and cognitive function was verified by a series of behavioral tests. The levels of serum iron parameters, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were measured. The ultrastructure of mice hippocampal microglia was imaged by transmission electron microscopy. The differential expression of hippocampal proteins was analyzed by Tandem Mass Tag labeling.

Results

Movement and cognitive function in Ovx + l/Ovx + h mice were significantly decreased compared to control and Sham mice. Then, iron exposure caused histopathological changes in the hippocampus of mice. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed that 29/27/41 proteins were differentially expressed in the hippocampus when compared by Ovx vs. Sham, Ovx + l vs. Ovx, as well as Ovx + h vs. Ovx + l groups, respectively. Moreover, transferrin receptor protein (TFR1) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) protein expression were significantly increased in the iron accumulation mice model with ovariectomy.

Conclusion

Iron exposure could cause histopathological damage in the hippocampus of ovariectomised mice and, by altering hippocampal proteomics, particularly the expression of hippocampal iron metabolism‐related proteins, could further influence cognitive impairment in ovariectomized mice.
Designing and delivering climate training for natural resource managers: Increasing climate literacy and action through education and engagement
Authors: Kuster Emma L. , Miller Hesed Christine D.
Published: September 2024

Responding to climate impacts and expanding adaptation efforts necessitates getting the right knowledge and tools in the hands of land managers and decision‐makers. In 2022–2023, several regional US Geological Survey Climate Adaptation Science Centers partnered with the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Science Applications Program on the first targeted climate training series designed for the FWS Grassland Ecosystem Team. This training spanned multiple months and formats with self‐paced virtual lessons, webinars, and an in‐person workshop. As the FWS Grassland Ecosystem Team is tasked with conservation planning for grassland birds and other species, the focus of the workshop was an interactive collaborative activity incorporating species adaptive capacity assessments, future climate projections, and adaptation menus into the decision‐making process. Herein, we describe the methods used to design and deliver the training series, as well as lessons learned for future climate literacy programs aimed at natural resource managers.
Sarcopenia in Children Post Liver Transplant: Development of a Home‐Based Video Program to Support Muscle Strength and Function—A Pre–Post Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Hager Amber , Boule Normand , Pritchard Lesley , Hodgetts Sandra , Noga Michelle , Guo Yuxin , Mazurak Vera , Grenier Justin , Thompson Richard , Gilmour Susan M. , Mager Diana R.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Sarcopenia is common in children after liver transplantation (LTx). Resistance training (RT) may be effective in combating sarcopenia.

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to test the feasibility and impact of a 12‐week RT program on skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscle strength, physical performance (PP), and child–parent perspectives about RT.

Methods

Children (6–18 years) post‐LTx and healthy controls (HC) underwent progressive RT using resistance bands. SMM and adipose tissue (MRI: abdomen and thigh), muscle strength (handgrip, push‐ups, sit‐to‐stand), and PP (6‐minute walk test [6MWT], timed‐up‐and‐down‐stair test [TUDS]) were measured before and after 12‐weeks of RT.

Results

Ten children post‐LTx (11.9 ± 3.5 years) and 13 HC (11.7 ± 3.9 years) participated. LTx children significantly increased abdominal SM‐index (+4.6% LTx vs. a −2.7% HC; p = 0.01) and decreased visceral adipose tissue‐index (−18% LTx vs. −0.8% HC; p = 0.04) compared to HC. No thigh SMI changes were noted. Significant increases in 6MWT distance (LTx; p = 0.04), number of push‐ups (p = 0.04), and greater reduction times for TUDS (−10.6% vs. +1.7%; p = 0.05) occurred after 12 weeks. Higher thigh muscle‐fat content was associated with worse physical performance. These results were impacted by adherence (≥75% vs. <75%) and family engagement.

Conclusions

RT in children post‐LTx is feasible and effective. RT in children post‐LTx may alleviate adverse outcomes associated with sarcopenia.
A global picture of outcomes after preterm birth: Is there a discrepancy?
Authors: Morgan Andrei S.
Published: September 2024

This commentary is on the original articles by Wang et al. and Fogh et al., on pages 59–67 and 68–76 of this issue.
Prognostic impact of right atrial strain in systemic lupus erythematosus with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Hu Jie , Deng Yan , Dai Ping , Xie Dong‐Wei , Lan Wei‐Fang , Tan Xiao‐Lan
Published: September 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess right atrial (RA) function, including RA phase strain, via speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE) in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and in particular to explore the relationship between RA phase strain and the occurrence of cardiovascular events.

Methods

STE analyses of RA function were evaluated in patients with SLE‐PAH and in 33 healthy control subjects. Clinical associations, serum biomarkers, echocardiographic data, survival times, and adverse cardiovascular events were evaluated.

Results

A total of 66 patients with SLE‐PAH were enrolled; they were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of adverse clinical events. RA phase strain was significantly reduced in patients with events than in patients without events. The endpoint was defined as the combined outcome of all‐cause mortality, right heart failure, and rehospitalization due to disease progression. During a mean follow‐up of 17.2 ± 9.9 months, 23 patients (35%) reached the endpoint. Compared with patients with RA reservoir strain (RASr) ≥33.45%, patients with RASr < 33.45% had more adverse long‐term outcomes (log rank p < .0001). RASr was independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes according to multivariate analysis (p = .010).

Conclusion

Our data suggest that RA function has prognostic value for SLE‐PAH patients, and strain analysis revealed that the worse the RA function is, the worse the prognosis.
Patient Feedback Applied in Undergraduate Dental Education for Individual Student Development and Assessment: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bateman Heidi Louise , McCracken Giles Ian
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Active involvement of patients in healthcare professional education is well established, taking a variety of forms. There is a steer towards patient feedback informing the development of dental students and while there is recognition of its potential value to individual students, challenges exist related to collection and use. What is unclear is, within a dental education setting, the extent and use of patient feedback to individual students. A scoping review was conducted to assess and map the volume and characteristics of the research/literature in this area.

Methods

Systematic searches of bibliographic databases Ovid MEDLINE(R), Scopus, ERIC and Embase were conducted, and wider literature (Google Scholar) was searched. Screening was conducted based on eligibility criteria and a customised data charting form was used.

Results

The electronic and citation tracking searches identified 1021 studies. After duplicates were removed, 778 studies were screened by title and abstract, and 718 studies were found to be irrelevant to the current review. Sixty full‐text studies were assessed for eligibility, 46 studies were excluded, and 14 studies were included for data charting.

Conclusion

This review has identified that patient feedback has been captured through both simulated and real patient encounters. There was a bias towards feedback generated through simulated patient encounters. Feedback was reported to support the development of a range of skills, most frequently communication and patient management. Challenges that were identified by researchers related to staff/student engagement and available resources.
Positive soil priming effects are the rule at a global scale
Authors: Xu Shengwen , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Kuzyakov Yakov , Wu Yan , Liu Lihu , Yang Yuyi , Li Yaying , Yu Yongxiang , Zhu Biao , Yao Huaiying
Published: September 2024

Priming effects of soil organic matter decomposition are critical to determine carbon budget and turnover in soil. Yet, the overall direction and intensity of soil priming remains under debate. A second‐order meta‐analysis was performed with 9296‐paired observations from 363 primary studies to determine the intensity and general direction of priming effects depending on the compound type, nutrient availability, and ecosystem type. We found that fresh carbon inputs induced positive priming effects (+37%) in 97% of paired observations. Labile compounds induced larger priming effects (+73%) than complex organic compounds (+33%). Nutrients (e.g., N, P) added with organic compounds reduced the intensity of priming effects compared to compounds without N and P, reflecting “nutrient mining from soil organic matter” as one of the main mechanisms of priming effects. Notably, tundra, lakebeds, wetlands, and volcanic soils showed much larger priming effects (+125%) compared to soils under forests, croplands, and grasslands (+24…+32%). Our findings highlight that positive priming effects are predominant in most soils at a global scale. Optimizing strategies to incorporate fresh organic matter and nutrients is urgently needed to offset the priming‐induced accelerated organic carbon turnover and possible losses.
Global Distribution of Mammalian Cradles and Museums is Driven by Past Climate Dynamics and Present Water–Energy Balance
Authors: Araujo Matheus L. , Coelho Marco Túlio P. , Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Rangel Thiago F.
Published: September 2024

Aim

To describe worldwide distribution of mammalian cradles and museums using the rates of phylogenetic lineage turnover as a surrogate. Additionally, we investigated the influences of current water–energy dynamics, climate instability, past climate changes and elevational ranges on the distribution of these evolutionary zones.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Current.

Major Taxa Studied

Terrestrial mammals.

Methods

We developed a new methodology that consists of calculating the spatial phylogenetic turnover for non‐overlapping temporal segments of phylogenetic trees. By calculating the relative turnover in each tree segment, we quantified the rate of accumulation of phylogenetic turnover through time. We depicted cold and hotspots of rates of lineage turnover using bivariate maps and examined the effects of environmental factors using a path model.

Results

The distributions of cradles and museums of biodiversity are primarily driven by water–energy dynamics. Environments with higher water availability than energetic demand predominantly act as cradles, as seen in tropical rainforests, while xeric‐like environments predominantly serve as museums. Conversely, regions undergoing higher historical climate changes become cradles, such as in higher northern latitudes, while climatically stable areas function as museums. Mountains play a dual role, acting as both cradles and museums by generating new lineages along their elevation bands while simultaneously providing climate refuges for ancient mammal lineages.

Main Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that cradles and museums are not merely a dichotomy but exist along an evolutionary continuum. Furthermore, they reveal how spatial patterns of mammalian cradles and museums are intricately shaped by biogeographical processes governed by environmental forces. Uncovering these hidden effects provides insights into the ecological mechanisms by which ongoing climate changes continually shape evolutionary assemblages over time.
Reporting quality of scoping reviews in endodontics: A meta‐research study
Authors: Tzanetakis Giorgos N. , Petridis Xenos , Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Koletsi Despina , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Duncan Henry F. , Dummer Paul M. H.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the reporting quality of Scoping Reviews (ScRs) in endodontics according to the PRISMA Extension Checklist for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) and to analyse their association with a range of publication and methodological/reporting characteristics.

Methods

Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 31 January 2024 to identify scoping reviews in the field of endodontics. An additional search was performed in three leading endodontic journals. Study selection and appraising the quality of the studies was carried out independently by two reviewers. Each of the 20 PRISMA‐ScR items were allocated a score of either 0, 0.5 or 1 to reflect the completeness of the reporting. An item‐specific and overall percentage reporting quality score was calculated and reported through descriptive statistics across a range of publication, as well as methodological/reporting characteristics. A univariable and multivariable quantile regression was performed to identify the effect of publication and methodological/reporting characteristics (year of publication, journal, inclusion of an appropriate reporting guideline, and study registration) on the overall percentage reporting quality score. Association of reporting quality score with publication characteristics was then investigated.

Results

A total of 40 ScRs were identified and included for appraisal. Most of the studies were published from 2021 onwards. The overall median reporting quality score was 86%. The most frequent items not included in the studies were: a priori protocol registration (22/40 compliant; 55%), and reporting of funding (16/40 compliant; 40%). Other key elements that were inadequately reported were the abstract (7/40 compliant; 18%), the rationale and justification of the ScR (21/40 compliant; 52%) and the objectives of the study (18/40 compliant; 45%). Studies that adhered to appropriate reporting guidelines were associated with greater reporting quality scores (β‐coefficient: 10; 95%CI: 1.1, 18.9; p = .03). ScRs with protocols registered a priori had significantly greater reporting quality scores (β‐coefficient: 12.5; 95%CI: 6.1, 18.9; p < .001), compared with non‐registered reviews.

Conclusions

The reporting quality of the ScRs in endodontics varied and was greater when the ScR protocols were registered a priori and when the authors adhered to reporting guidelines.
The effect of MnO2 additive on the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium aluminate spinel
Authors: Ji Guo‐rong , Feng Ming , Hao Huilan , Gao Yunfeng , Zhu Baoshun , Tian Yu‐ming
Published: September 2024

In this study, varying amounts of MnO2 up to 5 wt.% were added to magnesium aluminate spinel (MA) bodies using a solid‐state sintering method at 1200–1600°C. The effect of MnO2 addition on the phase composition, microstructure, distribution of elements, and ionic valence of MA was investigated via X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that Mg2+ ions in MA crystals were replaced by Mn2+ ions, resulting in the formation of the (Mg1‐xMnx)Al2O4 solid solution. The distorted crystal structures promoted the sintering reactions, and the mechanical characteristics of MA were greatly improved by the solid solution strengthening process. When the additive amount of MnO2 was 5 wt.% and the sintered temperature reached at 1600°C, excess manganese ions hardly dissolved into the lattice of MA. And these ions were only distributed at the grain boundaries of MgAl2O4, forming a “barrier” that hindered the migration and diffusion of particles, thereby suppressing the sintering process and weakening the mechanical strength of MA.
Regulatory‐based classification of rums: a chemometric and machine learning analysis
Authors: Rincón‐López Juliana , Chica Juanita Castro , Rojas Victoria Eugenia Recalde , Martínez Liliana Moncayo , Gartner Ángela María Arango , Rosero‐Moreano Milton , Taborda‐Ocampo Gonzalo
Published: September 2024

The Industria Licorera de Caldas (ILC) stands as a major liquor factory in Colombia, specialising in the production of various rum types including Tradicional, Juan de la Cruz, Carta de Oro, and Reserva Especial. These rums, as congeneric drinks, are known for their rich content of volatile compounds that define their sensory characteristics. To be commercialised, each rum batch must comply with Colombian standard NTC278 which defines rigorous assessment of congener content and various physicochemical parameters. Thus, the ILC has accumulated a vast amount of data over the years. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of ILC rums, using chemometric techniques and machine‐learning classification models such as PCA, KNN, LDA, and RF. The aim was to distinguish between rum types based on parameters specified for standard compliance, streamlining the process without the need for additional or extensive new methodologies. As a result, through PCA data exploration, it was revealed that acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and isobutanol levels are instrumental in differentiating rum variants. Similarly, all classification models achieved accuracy levels exceeding 0.83 and precision surpassing 0.93. These findings pave the way for further research in the development of an ILC‐specific sensor for rapid and reliable liquor authenticity testing.
Effect of larval instar and post‐harvest treatments on heavy metals in BSFL and frass reared on commercial food waste streams
Authors: Alagappan Shanmugam , Mallard Sam , Cozzolino Daniel , Mikkelsen Deirdre , James Peter , Mantilla Sandra Olarte , Yarger Olympia , Hoffman Louwrens
Published: September 2024

The use of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to valorise different organic waste streams and the subsequent use of resulting larvae as a feedstock ingredient is increasing rapidly in several regions across the globe. The lack of knowledge about several safety issues including chemical contaminants (e.g. heavy metals) seems to affect the upscaling and commercialisation of this product. This study evaluates the safety of the BSFL against chemical contaminants including heavy metals and mycotoxins in both BSFL and frass samples reared with different food waste streams (e.g. soy waste, customised bread‐vegetable diet, food waste mixture, supermarket and childcare centre) from two commercial production facilities. The effect of larval instars and post‐harvest treatments (e.g. blanching and drying) on the safety of the BSFL was also investigated. The concentration of heavy metals was primarily influenced by the concentration in the food waste streams. The concentration was also higher in 6th instar compared to 5th instar larvae. The effect of blanching and drying have a varied effect on the concentration of heavy metals. Mycotoxins were found to be below the limit of quantification for all samples. The outcomes of this study indicated that BSFL grown on food waste streams and the resulting frass is safe against different heavy metals analysed. The findings of this study will assist the commercial BSFL manufacturers with the identification of relevant control points to ensure the chemical safety of their products. Therefore, encourage the use of different food waste streams as feedstock for rearing BSFL.
Development and characterisation of gluten‐free fresh pasta using teff, rice, and buckwheat flours enhanced with thermal waters: a mixture design approach
Authors: da Silveira Tayse F. F. , Hasni Jihene , Portelada Nathalie , Fernandes Filipa A. , Rodrigues Paula , Lemos André , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R. , Alves Maria José , Barros Lillian , Heleno Sandrina A.
Published: September 2024

To meet the demand for gluten‐free (GF) products, this study developed artisanal fresh pasta using teff, rice, and buckwheat flours, enhanced with mineral‐rich thermal waters (TW). A mixture design approach optimised flour proportions to balance texture, cooking time, water absorption, and cooking loss, along with functional properties such as total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity. Two promising formulations were identified: 36.3 g buckwheat, 9.35 g rice, and 9.35 g teff; and 27.5 g teff and 27.5 g buckwheat. These formulations, with and without TW, were evaluated for chemical, technological, microbiological, and functional attributes. The pasta had satisfactory technological properties, macronutrient levels comparable to standard pasta, and was rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Ca, Zn, Fe, K, and Mn were predominant, although TW incorporation did not significantly affect their levels in the samples. All formulations showed microbiological stability for at least 3 days at 4 °C.
Antioxidant and antiglycating properties of ethanolic extracts from different parts of Neltuma ruscifolia pods
Authors: Seling Giuliana Silvina , Rivero Roy Cristian , Busch Verónica María , Buera María del Pilar
Published: September 2024

Neltuma ruscifolia, a neglected underutilised species (NUS) within the Fabaceae family, lacks formal commercial recognition, despite its nutritional richness and endemic status. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antiglycating properties, as well as to identify associated bioactive compounds, in extracts (ultrasound and agitation) of different grinding fractions of N. ruscifolia seeds. Bioactivity varied depending on the extraction procedure and milling fraction, with the highest value in ultrasound‐extracted residue (exocarp, mesocarp). Some additional polyphenolic compounds (like hydroxybenzoic/ellagic acids) only appeared upon ultrasound‐assisted extraction. It was possible to identify some polyphenols (such as chrysin, rutin, kaempferol and cinnamic, coumaric, protocatechuic, ellagic and caffeic acids) that were highly related to the bioactivity. The antioxidant, antiglycating, colourant and technological properties of the extracts different fractions of N. ruscifolia pods are mainly dependent on the selected milling fraction. The extraction method, in a second place, significantly affects the resulting quantity and the type of extracted compounds, defining their potential applications.
Development of chitosan nanoparticle loaded with Tricholoma fracticum extract and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity
Authors: Canbolat Fadime , Acar İsmail , Tezel Ruhiye Nilay
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to develop Tricholoma fracticum extract‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles (TFNPs) by ionic gelation method and to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant activity. Phenolic and flavonoid contents in the T. fracticum extract were measured spectrophotometrically and chromatographically. Characterisation of NPs was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ZETA analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In vitro antioxidant capacity was determined using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The phenolic and flavonoid contents in the T. fracticum extract were measured as 7.1 ± 0.3 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g extract and 5.5 ± 0.6 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g extract, respectively. The particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of Blank NP1 and TFNP were 265.5 ± 15.8 nm, 0.4, 38.7 ± 4.0 mV and 333.2 ± 16.3 nm, 0.4, 37.0 ± 4.1 mV, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in TFNP, followed by T. fracticum extract, chitosan and blank NP, respectively. The preserved or enhanced antioxidant activity observed in the encapsulated T. fracticum extract indicates the potential for loading similar mushroom extracts onto chitosan and thus preserving their bioactive properties.
Antithrombotic and ACE‐inhibitory activity of milk fermented by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosusGG and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus
Authors: Guzmán‐Rodríguez Francisco , Gómez‐Ruiz Lorena , Cruz‐Guerrero Alma
Published: September 2024

In this work, the antihypertensive and antithrombotic activities of milk fermented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus NCFB 2772 (monoculture and co‐culture), were studied. It was observed that both species, as well as the co‐culture, showed an increase in proteolytic activity during fermentation, which is related to the increase in the biological activities studied. Both biological activities increased as a function of fermentation time, describing a curve similar to that of their proteolytic activity, which could indicate the release of bioactive peptides due to the proteolytic activity of the bacteria. The highest antihypertensive activity was obtained at 12 h of fermentation and was 74.9% for Lb. rhamnosus, 79.1% for L. delbrueckii and 77.6% for the co‐culture, with no significant difference between these values. On the other hand, the antithrombotic activity was 56.1% for Lb. rhamnosus, 49.9% for L. delbrueckii and 72.3% for the co‐culture. These findings contribute to the knowledge about the influence of fermentation conditions on biological activity of fermented milk, while emphasising the additional benefits of probiotic and industrially important lactic acid bacteria.
Effect of ball‐milling treatment on the structural and functional characteristics of Litopenaeus vannamei protein
Authors: Liu Yangliu , Wang Dan , Guo Mingzhu , Sun Jilu , Wu Hao
Published: September 2024

Ball‐milling is increasingly recognised as an efficient and environmentally friendly physical modification method in food processing. In this study, natural Litopenaeus vannamei protein (LVP) was subjected to ball‐milling treatment for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min, respectively. Then, its structure and functional properties were investigated. Results indicated that proper ball‐milling treatment significantly enhanced the quality of LVP by influencing its structure. Specifically, ball‐milled LVP (BLVP) powder exhibited finer and brighter. BLVP subjected to 10 min demonstrated the highest solubility (22.80%), digestibility (64.50%) and foaming stability (93.69%), which were attributed to particle size and structure. BLVP processed for 15 min exhibited the highest oil holding capacity (1042.67%) and foaming capacity (17.11%), positively related to its surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl content. And its allergenicity decreased by 4.35%. These results provide a foundational framework for utilising ball‐milling to modify LVP, suggesting that this method may enhance the industrial applications of LVP.
Effects of different oxidation methods on the functional properties and gel characteristics of hazelnut proteins
Authors: Jiang Hongyu , Hu Hao , Huang Ziyi , Liu Meichu , Lyu Chunmao
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different oxidation modes on the functional and gel properties of hazelnut proteins. The solubility of hazelnut protein showed a small trend when the oxidation level was low, and it decreased significantly with the increase in concentration. The maximum value of water‐holding capacity (WHC), emulsifying activity index (EAI), and emulsion stability index (ESI) was 343.33%, 56.00 m2 g−1, and 75.85 min at AAPH concentration of 1.0 mmol L−1, respectively. The functional properties of hazelnut proteins, except oil‐holding capacity (OHC), gradually reduced with the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. H2O2 modified improved OHC, foaming capacity, foam stability, and EAI of hazelnut proteins, whereas WHC and ESI gradually decreased. The results of the secondary structure of hazelnut protein gels indicated a high ratio of α‐helix and β‐fold of the gels. Also, the increase in oxidation led to an increase in the gels' voids. Also, oxidation led to a rough and loose network structure of hazelnut protein gels. These results suggested that peroxyl radical, hydroxyl radical, and MDA produced during lipid peroxidation affected the interfacial properties of hazelnut protein and disrupted the formation of hazelnut protein gel, thus affecting the quality of hazelnut protein.
Nutritional enhancement, microstructural modifications, and sensory evaluation of mushroom‐enriched multigrain bread
Authors: Srivastava Anuradha , Attri Brij Lal , Kamal Shwet , Pathera Ashok Kumar , Kashyap Radhika , Verma Shailja , Sharma Ved Prakash
Published: September 2024

Multigrain bread being nutritionally rich and convenient is one of the popular dietary options these days, particularly among urban dwellers. In this study, the effects of oyster mushroom powder (0–10%) supplementation on the nutritional, antioxidant, physical, textural, microstructural, and sensory attributes of multigrain bread were explored. Results showed a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement in the bread's nutritional profile, with increased levels of protein, fibre, vitamin D, iron, potassium, manganese, and zinc, along with improved antioxidant properties. Microstructural analysis revealed that mushroom powder caused rougher and more inhomogeneous starch granules in the crumb. Although the incorporation of mushroom powder led to denser, harder, and more fragile bread, as indicated by physical and textural changes, sensory evaluation indicated that up to 5% supplementation did not negatively impact consumer acceptability (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that oyster mushroom powder can be a beneficial functional ingredient in multigrain bread, enhancing its nutritional value while maintaining sensory quality.
A new digital droplet PCR method for looking at epigenetics in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas: The role of BMI1, EZH2, and USP22 genes
Authors: Lusci Gemignani Alessio , Papotti Robel , Bomben Riccardo , Gattei Valter , Pozzi Samantha , Donati Valentina , Bettelli Stefania , Forti Elisa , Mansueto Giovanna , Di Napoli Arianna , Cox Maria Christina , Flenghi Leonardo , Rossi Pietro , Volpe Guido , Dardanis Dimitri , Bono Clara , Guerrini Francesca , Morganti Riccardo , Sacchi Stefano , Galimberti Sara
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Epigenetics has been shown to be relevant in oncology: BMI1 overexpression has been reported in leukemias, EZH2 mutations have been found in follicular lymphoma, and USP22 seems to stabilize BMI1 protein. In this study, we measured the expression of BMI1, EZH2, and USP22 in lymph nodes from 56 diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients.

Methods

A new multiplex digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) has been set up to measure the expression of 4 genes (BMI1, EZH2, USP22, and GAPDH) in the same reaction on RNA extracted from paraffin‐embedded tissues.

Results

The specificity of ddPCR was confirmed by a 100% alignment on the BLAST platform and its repeatability demonstrated by duplicates. A strict correlation between expression of BMI1 and EZH2 and BMI1 and USP22 has been found, and high expression of these genes was correlated with extra‐nodal lymphomas. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were conditioned by IPI, bone marrow infiltration, and the complete response achievement. High levels of BMI1 and USP22 did not condition the response to therapy, but impaired the PFS, especially for patients defined at “high risk” based on the cell of origin (no germinal center [GCB]), high BCL2 expression, and IPI 3‐5. In this subgroup, the probability of relapse/progression was twice higher than that of patients carrying low BMI1 and USP22 levels.

Conclusion

High expression of BMI1 and of USP22 might be a poor prognostic factor in DLBCL, and might represent the target for novel inhibitors.
Retroperitoneal cutaneous ureterostomy following radical cystectomy: A multicenter comparative study of robotic versus open surgery
Authors: Sasaki Yutaro , Fukuta Kyotaro , Kadoriku Fumiya , Daizumoto Kei , Shiozaki Keito , Tomida Ryotaro , Kusuhara Yoshito , Fukawa Tomoya , Yanagihara Yutaka , Nakanishi Ryoichi , Yamaguchi Kunihisa , Yamamoto Yasuyo , Izaki Hirofumi , Takahashi Masayuki , Okamoto Kenjiro , Furukawa Junya
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in perioperative outcomes of cutaneous ureterostomy (CUS) between open surgery (open radical cystectomy, ORC) and robot‐assisted surgery (robot‐assisted radical cystectomy, RARC), including the stent‐free rate, readmission rates due to urinary tract infection (UTI), and changes in renal function.

Methods

Between 2005 and 2023, a total of 37 patients underwent CUS following ORC, while 24 patients underwent CUS following RARC. Perioperative outcomes were compared between these two groups.

Results

The patients in the RARC group were significantly older (p = 0.007) and had a significantly higher proportion of high‐risk cases with ASA‐PS ≥3 (p = 0.002). In addition, RARC was associated with a significantly lower estimated blood loss (p < 0.001) and a reduced transfusion rate (p = 0.003). Postoperative complication rates and the stent‐free rate were comparable between the ORC and RARC groups. Throughout a median follow‐up period of 2.6 years, rates of readmission due to UTI did not differ significantly between the two groups. Moreover, there were no differences in the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate before and after surgery and the 3‐year survival rates were similar across both groups.

Conclusions

CUS following RARC appears to offer a safer alternative compared with CUS following ORC, and the stent‐free rates are comparable. The significantly lower estimated blood loss and transfusion rate associated with RARC are particularly favorable for elderly patients, those who are frail, and individuals with multiple comorbidities.
Experiences of Certified Peer Support Specialist Providing Formal Peer Support in Mental Health Services: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: Ser Hui Xian Eileen , Pua Xin Yi Vera , Li Ziqiang , Goh Yong Shian
Published: September 2024

Peer support specialists (PSSs) in mental healthcare services are individuals recovering from mental health conditions and providing formal peer support to clients with similar conditions. Despite evidence of the benefits of this modality and the increasing demand for it, little is known about the PSSs' experiences in mental healthcare services. This review systematically synthesises available qualitative data on the certified PSSs' experiences in providing formal peer support in mental healthcare services. A search was performed across six electronic databases and one grey literature database for all published and unpublished qualitative studies in English between 2014 and 2022. Mixed‐methods studies were included if their qualitative data were extractable. This review included PSSs who provided formal peer support to clients with similar mental health conditions. The included studies were appraised through the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative checklist, while data extraction was done through a customised tool. Our meta‐synthesis revealed an overarching theme on certified PSSs' journey in mental healthcare services, alongside four main themes: (i) emotional impacts of being PSSs, (ii) struggle to justify their roles, (iii) complex roles of PSSs and (iv) sources of support. The review has provided an insightful understanding of the PSSs' roles and needs, for which there is a need to cultivate a supportive working environment. Given the difficulties in adopting the PSSs' roles, as demonstrated by our findings, future research should explore how mental healthcare organisations can address their work‐related challenges and cultivate a supportive working environment.