bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling phototrophic biofilms in a plug-flow reactor
Authors: Muñoz Sierra J. D. , Picioreanu C. , van Loosdrecht M. C. M.
Published: October 2014

The use of phototrophic biofilms in wastewater treatment has been recognized as a potential option for development of new reactor configurations. For better understanding of these systems, a numerical model was developed including relevant microbial processes. As a novelty, this model was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics, a modern computational environment for complex dynamic models. A two-dimensional biofilm model was used to study the spatial distribution of microbial species within the biofilm and along the length of the reactor. The biofilm model was coupled with a one-dimensional plug-flow bulk liquid model. The impact of different operational conditions on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia conversions was assessed. The model was tuned by varying two parameters: the half-saturation coefficient for light use by phototrophs and the oxygen mass transfer coefficient. The mass transfer coefficient was found to be determining for the substrate conversion rate. Simulations indicate that heterotrophs would overgrow nitrifiers and phototrophs within the biofilm until a low biodegradable COD value in the wastewater is reached (organic loading rate <2.32 gCOD/(m2 d)). This limits the proposed positive effect of treating wastewater with a combination of algae and heterotrophs/autotrophs. Mechanistic models like this one are made for understanding the microbial interactions and their influence on the reactor performance.
Estimation of viscosity for some silicate ternary slags
Authors: Shu Q. , Wang L. , Chou K.C.
Published: October 2014

A new method, combining KTH model with geometrical model (General solution
model by Chou) to estimate viscosity of some ternary silicate slags, was
proposed in this work. According to modified KTH model, viscous Gibbs free
energy for mixing of ternary slags was estimated by employing general
solution model. It was found that viscous Gibbs energy for mixing of ternary
system could be calculated using solely viscous Gibbs energy for mixing of
sub-binary systems. The viscosities of five ternary slags CaO-MnO-SiO2,
CaO-FeO-SiO2, FeO-MnO-SiO2, CaO-MgO-SiO2 and FeO-MgO-SiO2 were estimated in
the present work. A good agreement with available experimental data, with
mean deviation less than 20%, was achieved. The modified KTH model has
advantages with less model parameters and improved estimation ability by
comparison to original KTH model.
Commentary on the article titled "Investigation of the microbial diversity of an extremely acidic, metal-rich water body (Lake Robule, Bor, Serbia)" by Srdjan Stankovic, Ivana Moric, Aleksandar Pavic, Branka Vasiljevic, D. Barrie Johnson and Vladica Cvetkovic, published in the Journal of the Serbian chemical society, volume 79, issue 6, pages: 729-741
Authors: Beskoski Vladimir , Vrvic Miroslav
Published: October 2014

This letter and comments within refer to the article (hereinafter: ?Paper?)
published in the Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 2014, Volume 79,
Issue 6, Pages: 729-741: Srdjan Stankovic, Ivana Moric, Aleksandar Pavic,
Branka Vasiljevic, D. Barrie Johnson and Vladica Cvetkovic, Investigation of
the microbial diversity of an extremely acidic, metal-rich water body (Lake
Robule, Bor, Serbia).
Spectroscopic investigation of two Serbian icons painted on canvas
Authors: Damjanovic Ljiljana , Marjanovic Olgica , Maric-Stojanovic Milica , Andric Velibor , Mioc Ubavka
Published: October 2014

Multianalytical study of two Serbian icons, ?The Virgin and Child? and ?St.
Petka?, painted on canvas by unknown authors was performed in order to
identify materials used as pigments, binders and ground layer. Investigated
icons belong to the Museum of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Belgrade.
Samples, collected from different parts of the icons, were analysed by:
optical microscopy (OM), energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF),
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Obtained
results reveal presence of the following pigments: Prussian blue,
ultramarine, green earth, iron oxides, lead white and zinc white. Linseed oil
was used as a binder. Materials used for ground layers were gypsum, calcite,
baryte and lead white. Gilded surface of the icon ?The Virgin and Child? was
made of gold. Gilded surface on the frame of this icon was made of imitation
of gold i.e. Schlagmetal, since EDXRF spectroscopy showed presence of copper
and zinc, while gold was not detected. Based on style and art historian
consideration as well as on obtained results for corresponding pigments and
binder both icons were the most probably made at the end of 19th or beginning
of the 20th century.
A-D-A-Type Oligothiophenes Containing Benzothiadiazole Terminal Units for Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Steinberger Simon , Mishra Amaresh , Schulz Gisela , Uhrich Christian , Pfeiffer Martin , Bäuerle Peter
Published: October 2014

The electron-deficient, fused-heterocyclebenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTDA) is investigated as acceptor group in A-D-A-type oligothiophenes in order to correlate their relative acceptor strength with opto-electronic and photovoltaic properties. In this respect, two novel BDTA-capped oligothiopheneswere synthesized and characterized by optical and electrochemical measurements. They showed broad absorptions in the visible spectrum and HOMO-LUMO energies well suited for organic solar cells. The attachment of terminal BTDA acceptor units to the conjugated oligothiophene backbone resulted in a hypsochromic shift in UV-Vis absorption and larger band gap in comparison to previously reported analogous dicyanovinylene (DCV)-substituted oligothiophenes indicating that BDTA is a weaker acceptor than DCV. Vacuumprocessed m-i-p (metal-intrinsic-p-doped)-type bilayer solar cells using these co-oligomers as donor and C60 as acceptor gave moderate power conversion efficiencies of around 1.0%. Bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells prepared by solution-processing using fullerene PC61BM as acceptor generated slightly lower efficiencies of 0.9%, whichwere increased to 1.5% by using the higher fullerene PC71BM. It was found that the cell efficiencies were mostly limited by the low photocurrent densities due to moderate light absorption in the bilayer devices and low fill factors coming from inefficient charge transport in the solutionprocessed BHJ devices.
Louise Lightfoot and Ibetombi Devi: The Second Manipuri Dance Tour of Australia, 1957
Authors: Sarwal Amit
Published: October 2014

Manipur, a small state in the North-Eastern India, is traditionally regarded in the Indian classics and epics such as Ramayana and Mahabharata as the home of gandharvas (the celestial dancers). Manipuri is one of the eleven dance styles of India that have incorporated various techniques mentioned in such ancient treatises as the Natya Shastra and Bharatarnava and has been placed by Sangeet Natak Akademi within ‘a common heritage’ of Indian classical dance forms (shastriya nritya): Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Manipuri, Mohiniyattam, Odissi, Sattriya, Chhau, Gaudiya Nritya, and Thang Ta. In the late-1950s Louise Lightfoot, the ‘Australian mother of Kathakali,’ visited Manipur to study and research different styles of Manipuri dance. There she met Ibetombi Devi, the daughter of a Manipuri Princess; she had started dancing at the age of four and by the age of twelve, she had become the only female dancer to perform the Meitei Pung Cholom on stage––a form of dance traditionally performed by Manipuri men accompanied by the beating of the pung (drum). In 1957, at the age of 20, Ibetombi became the first Manipuri female dancer to travel to Australia. This paper addresses Ibetombi Devi's cross-cultural dance collaboration in Australia with her impresario, Louise Lightfoot, and the impression she and her co-dancer, Ananda Shivaram, made upon audiences.
Statehood and Jerusalem in Ancient Israel: Myths And Realities
Authors: von Waldow H. Eberhard
Published: October 2014

The Old Testament people of Israel entered the political reality of ancient Palestine as a spiritual community held together by worshipping Yahweh in ‘the God-given land’. When it became a state with a king this spiritual character was threatened or lost. The capital was always the holy city of Jerusalem, as the spiritual—not political—centre o f Yahweh's people, and it survived all political catastrophes, even after the homeland was lost. The people of Israel survived not as a nation but rather as a religious community (Judaism). Only as such can today's Jews legitimately reclaim Eretz Yisrael. Certain claims made by the modern secular Jewish nation-state—for example, that Jerusalem always was and always will be the capital of the Jewish people—are not only problematic, but have no foundation, either in the Bible or in Jewish history: they are fabricated modern myths.
Urban Blue Space and “The Project of the Century”: Doing Justice on the Seattle Waterfront and for Local Residents
Authors: Wessells Anne
Published: October 2014

Urban blue space is increasingly embraced by cities as a specific and valuable genre of public space, valued for its economic, symbolic and experiential place attributes and essential to sustainable urban development. This article takes up the concept of urban blue space from a design perspective, extending and exploring it through a critical social science lens. Using the reconfiguration and redesign of the central Seattle waterfront as a case example, the idea of “doing justice” is enlisted to examine not just the design opportunities and formal characteristics of the site, but also the patterns of privilege, access and regional socio-ecological equity that are raised through its redesign. After situating the extraordinary design opportunity presented by this iconic urban blue space, and the imperative to do justice to the waterfront’s physical situation, the article presents the site from four additional and discrete perspectives: economic justice, environmental justice, social justice and tribal justice. By thus foregrounding the urban political ecology of the waterfront, the article demonstrates that the most important challenge of the site’s redevelopment is not technological, financial or administrative, although these are real, and significant challenges, but rather, the need to construct a place that works to counter established patterns of local and regional injustice. In Seattle as in other coastal port cities, urban blue space is a shared public and environmental good, with unique and demanding governance responsibilities for its conceptualization and sustainable development.
Directionality Theory and the Entropic Principle of Natural Selection
Authors: Demetrius Lloyd , Gundlach Volker
Published: October 2014

Darwinian fitness describes the capacity of an organism to appropriate resources from the environment and to convert these resources into net-offspring production. Studies of competition between related types indicate that fitness is analytically described by entropy, a statistical measure which is positively correlated with population stability, and describes the number of accessible pathways of energy flow between the individuals in the population. Directionality theory is a mathematical model of the evolutionary process based on the concept evolutionary entropy as the measure of fitness. The theory predicts that the changes which occur as a population evolves from one non-equilibrium steady state to another are described by the following directionality principle–fundamental theorem of evolution: (a) an increase in evolutionary entropy when resource composition is diverse, and resource abundance constant; (b) a decrease in evolutionary entropy when resource composition is singular, and resource abundance variable. Evolutionary entropy characterizes the dynamics of energy flow between the individual elements in various classes of biological networks: (a) where the units are individuals parameterized by age, and their age-specific fecundity and mortality; where the units are metabolites, and the transitions are the biochemical reactions that convert substrates to products; (c) where the units are social groups, and the forces are the cooperative and competitive interactions between the individual groups. % This article reviews the analytical basis of the evolutionary entropic principle, and describes applications of directionality theory to the study of evolutionary dynamics in two biological systems; (i) social networks–the evolution of cooperation; (ii) metabolic networks–the evolution of body size. Statistical thermodynamics is a mathematical model of macroscopic behavior in inanimate matter based on entropy, a statistical measure which describes the number of ways the molecules that compose the a material aggregate can be arranged to attain the same total energy. This theory predicts an increase in thermodynamic entropy as the system evolves towards its equilibrium state. We will delineate the relation between directionality theory and statistical thermodynamics, and review the claim that the entropic principle for thermodynamic systems is the limit, as the resource production rate tends to zero, and population size tends to infinity, of the entropic principle for evolutionary systems.
Impact of Viewing vs. Not Viewing a Real Forest on Physiological and Psychological Responses in the Same Setting
Authors: Horiuchi Masahiro , Endo Junko , Takayama Norimasa , Murase Kazutaka , Nishiyama Norio , Saito Haruo , Fujiwara Akio
Published: October 2014

We investigated the impact of viewing versus not viewing a real forest on human subjects’ physiological and psychological responses in the same setting. Fifteen healthy volunteers (11 males, four females, mean age 36 years) participated. Each participant was asked to view a forest while seated in a comfortable chair for 15 min (Forest condition) vs. sitting the same length of time with a curtain obscuring the forest view (Enclosed condition). Both conditions significantly decreased blood pressure (BP) variables, i.e., systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure between pre and post experimental stimuli, but these reductions showed no difference between conditions. Interestingly, the Forest viewing reduced cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and improved the subjects’ Profile of Mood States (POMS) scores, whereas the Enclosed condition increased the HbO2 and did not affect the POMS scores. There were no significant differences in saliva amylase or heart rate variability (HRV) between the two conditions. Collectively, these results suggest that viewing a real forest may have a positive effect on cerebral activity and psychological responses. However, both viewing and not viewing the forest had similar effects on cardiovascular responses such as BP variables and HRV.
Protective Effects of a New Phloretin Derivative against UVB-Induced Damage in Skin Cell Model and Human Volunteers
Authors: Shin Seoungwoo , Kum Hyunwoo , Ryu Dehun , Kim Minkyung , Jung Eunsun , Park Deokhoon
Published: October 2014

The phenolic compound phloretin is a prominent member of the chemical class of dihydrochalcones. Phloretin is specifically found in apple and apple juice and known for its biological properties. We were particularly interested in its potential dermo-cosmetic applications. However, practical limitations of phloretin do exist due to its poor water-solubility. Phloretin was sulfonated with sulfuric acid (98%, wt) and mixed with saturated salt water to produce phloretin 3',3-disulfonate in order to increase its water-solubility. Here we reported the photoprotective effect of phloretin 3',3-disulfonate (PS), a new semi-synthetic derivative of phloretin. Results showed that PS attenuated cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPDs) formation, glutathione (GSH) depletion and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB). The photoprotective effect of PS is tightly correlated to the enhancement of nucleotide excision repair (NER) gene expression. Furthemore, PS had inhibitory effects on UVB-induced release of the inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and prostaglandin-E2. We also confirmed the safety and clinical efficacy of PS on human skin. Overall, the results demonstrated significant benefits of PS on the protection of keratinocytes against UVB-induced injuries and suggested its potential use in skin photoprotection.
Flux-Aided Synthesis of Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Eu—Single Crystal Structure, Morphology Control and Radioluminescence Efficiency
Authors: Zeler Justyna , Jerzykiewicz Lucjan , Zych Eugeniusz
Published: October 2014

Li2SO4 or (Li2SO4 + SiO2)-mixture fluxes were used to prepare a Lu2O3:Eu powder phosphor as well as an undoped Lu2O3 utilizing commercial lutetia and europia as starting reagents. SEM images showed that the fabricated powders were non-agglomerated and the particles sizes varied from single microns to tens of micrometers depending largely on the flux composition rather than the oxide(s)-to-flux ratio. In the presence of SiO2 in the flux, certain grains grew up to 300–400 μm. The lack of agglomeration and the large sizes of crystallites allowed making single crystal structural measurements and analysis on an undoped Lu2O3 obtained by means of the flux technique. The cubic structure with a = 10.393(2) Å, and Ia space group at 298 K was determined. The most efficient radioluminescence of Lu2O3:Eu powders reached 95%–105% of the commercial Gd2O2S:Eu.
Property Relationship in Organosilanes and Nanotubes Filled Polypropylene Hybrid Composites
Authors: Monsiváis-Barrón Alejandra , Bonilla-Rios Jaime , Sánchez-Fernández Antonio
Published: October 2014

Polypropylene composites with different filler contents were prepared by creating a masterbatch containing 3 wt%. filler. A variety of silanol groups were used to synthetized three compounds in different media trough a sol-gel process with acetic acid, formic acid and ammonium hydroxide as catalysts. Besides, four different nanotubular fillers were also used to analyze their behavior and compare it with the effect caused by the silanol groups. These tubular structures comprise: unmodified halloysite, carbon nanotubes and functionalized halloysite and carbon nanotubes. Morphological characterization in SEM and STEM/TEM showed dispersion in the polypropylene matrix. According to TGA and DSC measurements thermal behavior remain similar for all the composites. Mechanical test in tension demonstrate that modulus of the composites increases for all samples with a major impact for materials containing silanol groups synthetized in formic acid. Rheological measurements show a significantly increment in viscosity for samples containing unmodified and modified carbon nanotubes. No difference was found for samples containing silanol groups and halloysite when compared to neat polypropylene. Finally, the oxygen transmission rate increased for all samples showing high barrier properties only for samples containing natural and functionalized halloysite nanotubes.
Modeling and Optimization of Y-Type Micromixers
Authors: Rudyak Valery , Minakov Andrey
Published: October 2014

A trend in the global technological progress in the last few decades is the development of microsystem technology, microelectromechanical systems and corresponding technologies. Fluid mixing is an extremely important process widely used in various microfluidic devices (chemical microreactors, chemical and biological analyzers, drug delivery systems, etc.). To increase the mixing rate, it is necessary to use special devices: micromixers. This paper presents the results of a hydrodynamic simulation of Y-shaped micromixers. Flows are analyzed for both low and moderate Reynolds numbers. The passive and active mixers are considered. The dependence of the mixing efficiency on the Reynolds and Péclet numbers, as well as the possibility of using the hydrophobic and ultra-hydrophobic coatings is analyzed. Five different flow regimes were identified: (1) stationary vortex-free flow (Re < 5); (2) stationary symmetric vortex flow with two horseshoe vortices (5 < Re < 150); (3) stationary asymmetric vortex flow (150 < Re < 240); (4) non-stationary periodic flow (240 < Re < 400); and (5) stochastic flow (Re > 400). The maximum mixing efficiency was obtained for stationary asymmetric vortex flow.
Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Black Garlic
Authors: Choi Il , Cha Han , Lee Young
Published: October 2014

Black garlic (BG) is a processed garlic product prepared by heat treatment of whole garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) at high temperature under high humidity for several days, resulting in black cloves with a sweet taste. BG has recently been introduced to the Korean market as a product beneficial to health. To clarify how BG changes during the 35 day aging period, the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant contents, and antioxidant activities were evaluated under controlled conditions of 70 °C and 90% relative humidity. Reducing sugar and total acidity of BG increased during the aging period, whereas pH decreased from pH 6.33 to 3.74. Lightness and yellowness values of BG radically decreased during the aging period, whereas redness values increased significantly. Antioxidant components, including the total polyphenol and total flavonoids contents of BG, increased significantly until the 21st day of aging (p < 0.05) and correspondingly, the antioxidant activities of BG, measured by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and reducing power assays, were highest on the 21st day of aging. These results indicate that BG can be considered to not only possess antioxidant properties during the aging period, but also to reach its optimal antioxidant properties at the 21st day of aging.
Effect of Tea Polyphenols on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Activity of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Fruit during Cold Storage
Authors: Chen Wenrong , Zhang Zhenzhen , Shen Yanwen , Duan Xuewu , Jiang Yuemin
Published: October 2014

To understand the potential of application of tea polyphenols to the shelf life extension and quality maintenance of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit, the fruits were dipped into a solution of 1% tea phenols for 5 min before cold storage at 4 °C. Changes in browning index, contents of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, O2.− production rate and H2O2 content, levels of relative leakage rate and lipid peroxidation, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were measured after 0, 10, 20 and 30 days of cold storage. The results showed that application of tea polyphenols markedly delayed pericarp browning, alleviated the decreases in contents of total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid, and maintained relatively high levels of total phenolics and anthocyanins of litchi fruit after 30 days of cold storage. Meanwhile, the treatment reduced the increases in relative leakage rate and lipid peroxidation content, delayed the increases in both O2.− production rate and H2O2 contents, and increased SOD activity but reduced POD activity throughout this storage period. These data indicated that the delayed pericarp browning of litchi fruit by the treatment with tea polyphenols could be due to enhanced antioxidant capability, reduced accumulations of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and improved membrane integrity.
A Robust and Energy-Efficient Transport Protocol for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks
Authors: Salim Shelly , Moh Sangman
Published: October 2014

A cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) is a wireless sensor network in which sensor nodes are equipped with cognitive radio. CRSNs benefit from cognitive radio capabilities such as dynamic spectrum access and transmission parameters reconfigurability; but cognitive radio also brings additional challenges and leads to higher energy consumption. Motivated to improve the energy efficiency in CRSNs, we propose a robust and energy-efficient transport protocol (RETP). The novelties of RETP are two-fold: (I) it combines distributed channel sensing and channel decision with centralized schedule-based data transmission; and (II) it differentiates the types of data transmission on the basis of data content and adopts different acknowledgment methods for different transmission types. To the best of our knowledge, no transport layer protocols have yet been designed for CRSNs. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol achieves remarkably longer network lifetime and shorter event-detection delay compared to those achieved with a conventional transport protocol, while simultaneously preserving event-detection reliability.
A Multi-Modal Face Recognition Method Using Complete Local Derivative Patterns and Depth Maps
Authors: Yin Shouyi , Dai Xu , Ouyang Peng , Liu Leibo , Wei Shaojun
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we propose a multi-modal 2D + 3D face recognition method for a smart city application based on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and various kinds of sensors. Depth maps are exploited for the 3D face representation. As for feature extraction, we propose a new feature called Complete Local Derivative Pattern (CLDP). It adopts the idea of layering and has four layers. In the whole system, we apply CLDP separately on Gabor features extracted from a 2D image and depth map. Then, we obtain two features: CLDP-Gabor and CLDP-Depth. The two features weighted by the corresponding coefficients are combined together in the decision level to compute the total classification distance. At last, the probe face is assigned the identity with the smallest classification distance. Extensive experiments are conducted on three different databases. The results demonstrate the robustness and superiority of the new approach. The experimental results also prove that the proposed multi-modal 2D + 3D method is superior to other multi-modal ones and CLDP performs better than other Local Binary Pattern (LBP) based features.
Towards Efficient Mobile M2M Communications: Survey and Open Challenges
Authors: Pereira Carlos , Aguiar Ana
Published: October 2014

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications enable networked devices and services to exchange information and perform actions seamlessly without the need for human intervention. They are viewed as a key enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT) and ubiquitous applications, like mobile healthcare, telemetry, or intelligent transport systems. We survey existing work on mobile M2M communications, we identify open challenges that have a direct impact on performance and resource usage efficiency, especially the impact on energy efficiency, and we review techniques to improve communications. We review the ETSI standard and application protocols, and draw considerations on the impact of their use in constrained mobile devices. Nowadays, smartphones are equipped with a wide range of embedded sensors, with varied local and wide area connectivity capabilities, and thus they offer a unique opportunity to serve as mobile gateways for other more constrained devices with local connectivity. At the same time, they can gather context data about users and environment from the embedded sensors. These capabilities may be crucial for mobile M2M applications. Finally, in this paper, we consider a scenario where smartphones are used as gateways that collect and aggregate data from sensors in a cellular network. We conclude that, in order for their use to the feasible in terms of a normal depletion time of a smartphone’s battery, it is a good advice to maximize the collection of data necessary to be transmitted from nearby sensors, and maximize the intervals between transmissions. More research is required to devise energy efficient transmission methods that enable the use of smartphones as mobile gateways.
Application of Motion Sensors for Beam-Tracking of Mobile Stations in mmWave Communication Systems
Authors: Shim Duk-Sun , Yang Cheol-Kwan , Kim Jae , Han Joo , Cho Yong
Published: October 2014

In a millimeter wave (mmWave) communication system with transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) beamforming antennas, small variation in device behavior or an environmental change can destroy beam alignment, resulting in power loss in the received signal. In this situation, the beam-tracking technique purely based on the received signal is not effective because both behavioral changes (rotation, displacement) and environmental changes (blockage) result in power loss in the received signal. In this paper, a motion sensor based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) as well as an electrical signal is used for beam tracking to identify the cause of beam error, and an efficient beam-tracking technique is proposed. The motion sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and geo-magnetic sensor are composed of an attitude heading reference system (AHRS) and a zero-velocity detector (ZVD). The AHRS estimates the rotation angle and the ZVD detects whether the device moves. The proposed technique tracks a beam by handling the specific situation depending on the cause of beam error, minimizing the tracking overhead. The performance of the proposed beam-tracking technique is evaluated by simulations in three typical scenarios.
Addressing the Clinical Burden of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect in a Large Metropolitan Region: Improving the Evidence-Base
Authors: Raman Shanti , Maiese Michelle , Hurley Katrina , Greenfield David
Published: October 2014

Children at risk of abuse are more likely to be hospitalized and utilize health services according to international research. In a large metropolitan health region in New South Wales, Australia, there was little known of the clinical burden of child physical abuse and/or neglect (PAN), or of systems for clinical assessment of children presenting with abuse/neglect. We aimed to identify the number of children presenting with suspected PAN to emergency departments (EDs) and paediatric services in this region, to determine enablers and barriers to assessment for children with PAN presenting to frontline services, and to identify best practices to address gaps. We collated available data on children presenting to EDs and paediatric services with suspected PAN in 2007. We interviewed 36 health professionals from nine hospitals and 12 statutory child protection professionals, across the region before undertaking relevant document analysis. Of 64,700 paediatric ED presentations, a quarter were due to injury; 2%–5% of these were due to maltreatment. Clinician estimates and assessments of PAN varied widely; health and welfare workers identified major practice gaps, as well as good local practice. We identified feasible minimum standards for improving clinical assessment and follow-up for children presenting with PAN, given the right organizational support.
Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Sequence Diversity on Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes
Authors: Langs-Barlow Allison , Paintsil Elijah
Published: October 2014

Worldwide circulating HIV-1 genomes show extensive variation represented by different subtypes, polymorphisms and drug-resistant strains. Reports on the impact of sequence variation on antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes are mixed. In this review, we summarize relevant published data from both resource-rich and resource-limited countries in the last 10 years on the impact of HIV-1 sequence diversity on treatment outcomes. The prevalence of transmission of drug resistant mutations (DRMs) varies considerably, ranging from 0% to 27% worldwide. Factors such as geographic location, access and availability to ART, duration since inception of treatment programs, quality of care, risk-taking behaviors, mode of transmission, and viral subtype all dictate the prevalence in a particular geographical region. Although HIV-1 subtype may not be a good predictor of treatment outcome, review of emerging evidence supports the fact that HIV-1 genome sequence-resulting from natural polymorphisms or drug-associated mutations-matters when it comes to treatment outcomes. Therefore, continued surveillance of drug resistant variants in both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced populations is needed to reduce the transmission of DRMs and to optimize the efficacy of the current ART armamentarium.
Fatal Canine Leptospirosis on St. Kitts
Authors: Loftis Amanda , Castillo-Alcala Fernanda , Bogdanovic Lewis , Verma Ashutosh
Published: October 2014

Through prospective enrollment of canine patients at the Ross University Veterinary Clinic, on St. Kitts, four cases of acute fatal leptospirosis were diagnosed. Clinical, pathological, and diagnostic findings in these cases are summarized in this case series. Icterus, thrombocytopenia, hyperphosphatemia, pulmonary hemorrhage, and both hepatocellular and renal damage were noted in all four cases. Interestingly, extensive myocardial involvement was also observed in one case. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of myocarditis in a dog with leptospirosis, and the first report of fatal leptospirosis in any animal species on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts.
Computed tomography assisted determination of optimal insertion points and bone corridors for transverse implant placement in the feline tarsus and metatarsus
Authors: Grapperon-Mathis M. , Bouvy B. , Benlloch-Gonzalez M.
Published: October 2014

Objective: Describe optimal corridors for mediolateral or lateromedial implant placement in the feline tarsus and base of the metatarsus.

Methods: Computed tomographic images of 20 cadaveric tarsi were used to define optimal talocalcaneal, centroquartal, distal tarsal, and metatarsal corridors characterized by medial and lateral insertion points (IP), mean height, width, length and optimal dorsomedial-plantarolateral implantation angle (OIA).

Results: Talocalcaneal level: The IP were at the head of the talus and plantar to the peroneal tubercle of the calcaneus and OIA was 22.7° ± 0.3. Centroquartal level: The IP were at the centre of the medial surface of the central tarsal bone and dorsoproximal to the tuberosity of the fourth tarsal bone and OIA was 5.9° ± 0.06. Distal tarsal level: The IP were at the centre of the medial surface of the tarsal bone II and dorsodistal to the tuberosity of the fourth tarsal bone and OIA was 5.4° ± 0.14. Metatarsal level: The IP were at the dorsomedial surface of the proximal end of the metatarsal bone II and at the dorsolateral surface of metatarsal bone V and OIA was 0.5° ± 0.06. Significant positive correlation was found between body weight and the length of each corridor.

Clinical significance: Most of the corridors obtained in this study had a diameter between 1.5 mm and 2 mm with a length of 15 mm to 18 mm, which stresses the importance of their accurate placement.
BMP-2 delivered from a self-cross-linkable CaP/hydrogel construct promotes bone regeneration in a critical-size segmental defect model of non-union in dogs
Authors: Touré A. , Fusellier M. , Fellah B. , Bouvy B. , Weiss P. , Gauthier O. , Minier K.
Published: October 2014

Objectives: To determine whether the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) to a self-crosslinkable cellulosic hydrogel/biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules construct promotes bone healing in critical-size ulnar defects in dogs.

Methods: A standardized 2 cm long ulnar ostectomy was performed bilaterally in five dogs to compare bone healing with hydrogel/BCP constructs associated with or without rhBMP-2. Cancellous-bone autografts were used as positive controls in unilateral ulnar defects in five additional dogs. Radiographically, bone healing was evaluated at four, eight, 12, 16 and 20 weeks postoperatively. Histological qualitative analysis with microCT imaging and light and scanning electron microscopy were performed 20 weeks after implantation.

Results: All rhBMP-2-loaded constructs induced the formation of well-differentiated mineralized lamellar bone surrounding the BCP granules and bridging bone/implant interfaces as early as eight weeks after surgery. Bone regeneration appeared to develop earlier with the rhBMP-2 constructs than with the cancellous-bone autografts while similar results were obtained at 20 weeks. Constructs without any rhBMP-2 showed osteoconductive properties limited to the bone junctions and a lack of osteoinduction without bone ingrowth within the implantation site. In one dog, the leakage of the hydrogel loaded with rhBMP-2 induced an extensive heterotopic bone formation.

Clinical significance: The addition of rhBMP-2 to a self-crosslinkable hydrogel/BCP construct could promote bone regeneration in a critical-size-defect model with similar performance to autologous bone grafts.
Biomechanical comparison of mono- and bicortical screws in an experimentally induced gap fracture
Authors: Garcia T. C. , Serdy M. G. , Hayashi K. , Nir B.-A. , Stover S. M. , Demner D.
Published: October 2014

Objectives: To compare the bending and torsional mechanical properties of mono- and bicortical locking screws in a canine cadaveric tibial gap ostectomy bridged by a locking compression plate (LCP).

Methods: A 10-hole 3.5 mm LCP was applied medially to the tibia with a gap ostectomy using locking screws in the two proximal and distal plate holes. One tibia of each pair was randomly assigned monocortical screws and the other bicortical screws. Constructs were tested non-destructively in mediolateral and caudocranial four-point bending and torsion, and then to failure in four-point bending. Stiffness, yield and failure variables were compared between screw lengths and load conditions using analysis of variance.

Results: Caudocranial and mediolateral fourpoint bending stiffnesses were not different between screw constructs. Torsional stiffness was greater and neutral zone smaller for bicortical constructs. Constructs were stiffer and stronger in caudocranial bending than in mediolateral bending. In caudocranial bending, bicortical constructs failed by bone fracture and monocortical constructs by screw loosening.

Conclusion: Bicortical constructs were stiffer than monocortical constructs in torsion but not bending. Bicortical screw constructs failed by bone fracture under the applied loads whereas monocortical screw constructs failed at the bone-screw interface.

Clinical relevance: Bicortical screw placement may be a safer clinical alternative than monocortical screw placement for minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis LCPplated canine tibiae with comminuted diaphyseal fractures.
Le vocabulaire du religieux dans le monde catholique
Authors: Langlois Claude
Published: October 2014

La réflexion est consacrée aux origines des mots et aux effets des habitudes langagières en matière de vocabulaire religieux. Elle met en évidence les transferts incessants qui s’opèrent entre des registres apparemment éloignés : emprunts de la théologie à d’autres registres, de la spiritualité et de la mystique au langage de l’amour. Elle examine les effets des polémiques politiques sur les catégories de religion et de culte, ou celle de superstition, plus récemment de secte. Par-delà les variations du vocabulaire religieux se révèle l’impossibilité d’établir une délimitation et une classification universelles des religions, et la nécessité pour l’historien du religieux de rester vigilant sur le sens des mots qu’il emploie.
Terminologie des sciences des religions et vocabulaire anthropologique
Authors: Obadia Lionel
Published: October 2014

L’observation des mots que l’anthropologue utilise pour parler de ce qui est considéré comme « religieux » est un remarquable révélateur des rapports complexes que les mots entretiennent avec les choses qu’ils prétendent désigner. L’auteur esquisse une histoire du vocabulaire anthropologique et dresse un état des lieux qui montre la diversité des réponses, la fragilité des concepts, l’impuissance à rendre compte de la religion à partir des seuls mots et modèles forgés dans la culture occidentale, et finalement la tendance à substituer au mot de « religion » celui, plus vaque, de « religieux ». Entre éparpillement et nomadisme des concepts, l’anthropologue est conduit en permanence à s’interroger sur « la vie sociale des concepts » et leurs aller-et-retour, ce qu’ils nous révèlent d’une société, de ses questions,, tels ceux illustrés par l’analogie entre sport et religion tour à tour critiquée et réactivée. L. Obadia souligne en conclusion la nécessité de concepts, malgré leurs insuffisances, et plaide pour un retour aux concepts proches de l’expérience.
La nouvelle économie politique : une introduction
Authors: Cheikbossian Guillaume
Published: October 2014

La nouvelle économie politique (NEP) a pour origine la reconnaissance que les politiques économiques ne sont pas décidées par des planificateurs omnipotents et bienveillants, cherchant à maximiser le bien-être social, mais sont le résultat d’un processus politique impliquant des personnes ou des groupes ayant des intérêts spécifiques.
Les cycles politiques
Authors: Bacache-Beauvallet Maya
Published: October 2014

L’approche en termes d’économie politique renverse la perspective des politiques conjoncturelles qui cherchent à limiter les fluctuations économiques et démontre que ce sont les politiques économiques elles-mêmes qui sont à l’origine des cycles économiques. L’analyse en termes de cycles politiques consiste à étudier comment tant l’orientation idéologique des gouvernements que le calendrier électoral influencent les variables économiques telles que l’inflation, le chômage et la croissance.
Économie politique des déficits publics
Authors: Bacache-Beauvallet Maya
Published: October 2014

Comment interpréter la récente dérive des dépenses publiques et les divergences en matière d’ajustement au sein des pays qui connaissent pourtant des conditions économiques similaires ? Une endogénéisation des comportements politiques est nécessaire. Il s’agit non seulement d’expliquer pourquoi les démocraties mènent des politiques fiscales expansives et ont recours au déficit pour les financer, mais aussi de rendre compte des différences entre les pays, entre les périodes, et des ajustements budgétaires finalement décidés après un certain retard suivant les pays. L’un des intérêts majeurs de l’économie politique est d’introduire le raisonnement économique au sein même des décisions politiques et de lever le voile sur les prétendues irrationalités du monde politique. Plusieurs explications ont ainsi été avancées en économie politique pour rendre compte des déficits publics, de leur persistance et de leur hétérogénéité.
Inégalité, redistribution et politiques publiques
Authors: Kempf Hubert
Published: October 2014

Les inégalités et les politiques de redistribution font partie des enjeux majeurs des controverses et des débats politiques, en particulier dans les sociétés démocratiques qui sont aussi des économies mixtes où le poids de l’État est important. Les outils qu’offre l’économie politique s’avèrent novateurs et pertinents pour analyser ces débats et les réponses qui y sont données par le biais de la concurrence démocratique. Nous présenterons ci-dessous quelques études représentatives de ces recherches.
Argumenter grâce aux jeux de rôle
Authors: Blanchet Thomas
Published: October 2014

Débat sur le rôle de l’impôt dans notre économie, sur la nécessité de poursuivre l’approfondissement de la construction européenne... la démocratie a, entre autres, pour fonction de permettre le débat entre des acteurs aux intérêts divergents. On se souviendra que les deux derniers référendums concernant la question européenne (traité de Maastricht, traité sur la Constitution européenne) furent de qualité. Les débateurs ont donc utilisé différents arguments, des styles de présentation spécifique permettant la confrontation. La question est de savoir si la « reproduction » de tels débats dans une classe, sous forme de jeux de rôle, permet un meilleur apprentissage de l’argumentation par les élèves.
« L'opéra, c'est cool ! »
Authors: Rebeschini-Aulanier Florence
Published: October 2014

Professeur de SES depuis dix-huit ans, passionnée par ma discipline et souhaitant une vraie démocratisation culturelle, j’ai décidé de joindre l’utile à l’agréable en travaillant le thème du lien social à partir de Terrain vague , un opéra contemporain de Benjamin Hamon. Au lycée Cassini de Clermont-de-l’Oise, ce projet original autour du lien social, de l’art lyrique et de l’intergénérationnel, spécifique à la section ES, a vu le jour... après bien des péripéties !
Institutions et marché du travail
Authors: Erhel Christine
Published: October 2014

De nombreuses institutions sont susceptibles d’avoir des effets sur l’équilibre du marché du travail. L’analyse économique néoclassique s’est, dans un premier temps, concentrée sur celles qui entravent directement la détermination du salaire d’équilibre, comme le salaire minimum. Mais les approches contemporaines ont étendu l’analyse à un ensemble plus large, incluant non seulement les règles de licenciement et le droit du travail, mais également la protection sociale, les politiques de l’emploi (actives et passives), le système fiscal, voire les conditions de fonctionnement des autres marchés (degré de concurrence sur le marché des biens, marchés financiers...). Dans les politiques économiques des années 1990 et 2000, la thématique des réformes institutionnelles comme solution au chômage persistant a été très prégnante, que ce soit en référence au modèle libéral incarné par les États-Unis ou le Royaume-Uni, ou plus récemment au « modèle danois ». La question fondamentale et faisant débat est celle de leur relation avec les performances du marché du travail : existe-t-il des institutions favorables à un chômage faible et une croissance forte de l’emploi ?
Les voyages de Claude Lévi-Strauss : genèse d'un « intellectuel français »
Authors: de L'Estoile Benoît
Published: October 2014

Claude Lévi-Strauss est décédé dans la nuit du samedi 31 octobre au dimanche 1 er novembre 2009. S’il a refusé un hommage national 1  en choisissant de se faire enterrer dans la plus stricte intimité, ce défenseur acharné des sciences sociales, dernier des grands intellectuels du xx e siècle, méritait que nous lui rendions un vibrant hommage intellectuel. En revenant sur ses premiers séjours au Brésil et aux États-Unis, ainsi que sur sa carrière, Benoît de L’Estoile 2 , lui-même spécialiste de la société brésilienne contemporaine, nous propose une esquisse de portrait sociologique qui apporte un éclairage original sur la trajectoire et l’œuvre de Lévi-Strauss.
Les enfants placés dans la famille et en institution en France et au Québec
Authors: Kempeneers Marianne
Published: October 2014

Les enquêtes longitudinales permettent de reconstituer les tendances historiques observées au niveau de l’ensemble de la population en partant des parcours individuels. Elles peuvent se révéler un outil efficace pour remonter dans l’histoire afin d’interroger les modalités différentes d’articulation entre solidarités familiales et solidarités institutionnelles au Québec et en France.
Partir de chez ses parents de 1968 à aujourd'hui
Authors: Pan Ké Shon Jean-Louis
Published: October 2014

Quitter le nid parental représente l’une des étapes du passage à l’âge adulte [1] [1] . C’est le moment où l’enfant se soustrait, sinon totalement au contrôle parental, du moins à son regard. Les jeunes auraient davantage de difficultés à décohabiter en regard des difficultés économiques survenues depuis le milieu des années 1970. Mais le chômage n’est pas le seul facteur dans les retards à la sortie du nid parental.
Le sésame s'ouvre- t-il ? Tradition et modernité des classes préparatoires
Authors: Dauvergne Roy , Vignolles Benjamin
Published: October 2014

Cet article vise davantage à exposer les débats traversant la sociologie contemporaine sur le thème des classes préparatoires qu’à livrer des réponses tranchées sur des questions aussi complexes et ouvertes que l’utilité des contenus et pratiques qu’elles transmettent dans les carrières professionnelles des étudiants qui en sortent ou la légitimité des politiques d’ouverture sociale dont elles font l’objet depuis une dizaine d’années. À cette fin, il semble pertinent de s’interroger sur le type de formation que les classes préparatoires dispensent et son adéquation avec les caractéristiques et les mutations des élites françaises actuelles, avant de discuter la réalité et les limites de la démocratisation de ces formations qui se posent comme résolument méritocratiques.