bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russia - Spain: both countries need to increase the capacity of mutual cooperation
Authors: Orlov A. A. , Mamaev K.
Published: August 2020

Interview with Alexander Orlov, Ph.D., professor, director of the Institute of International Studies of MGIMO University, chief editor of «Ibero-American Notebooks»
The investigation in terminology. The relevancy of the oral corpus for certain professional languages
Authors: García Antuña M.
Published: August 2020

This work is part of a multilingual terminographic project in the lexical field of leather goods. We present the guidelines we followed and the difficulties we met in setting up bases of the corpus extracted from oral sources. The scarcity of written documentary sources in certain sub-themes of the lexical field of leather goods considerably complicated carrying out the systematic work. Consequently, it was necessary to solve the methodological problems caused by the absence of a written corpus which would be representative for all thematic areas. This was settled by the development of an oral corpus.
The binary opposition as the basis of logical development of dialogic communication in internet-forum
Authors: Bocharova A. V.
Published: August 2020

The article focuses on peculiarities of communication in forums of electronic periodicals from the perspective of dialectical logic, which allows supposing that today internet-communication is based on reducing of the standard dialectical triad «thesis-antithesis-synthesis» to the binary opposition «thesis- antithesis». Much attention is given to the typological differentiation between polemical and dialectic dialogue, as well as the concretization of the concept «forum» at this stage of development of the information society. This direction of the investigation is complemented by the definition of a binary method as one of the main mechanism of cognition.
Macrofield «Presente» in the paradigm of Indicative Times in modern Spanish
Authors: Ursul С. V.
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with the functioning of the Presente de Indicativo forms in the structure of modern Spanish. The semantics of Indicativo temporal system is considered within the functional-semantic approach; microfields and semantic zones, that form the macrofield Presente, are highlighted.
Vicente Fox: Mexican President during the era of radical changes
Authors: Dabaguian E. S.
Published: August 2020

The article presents the political portrait of Mexican president Vicente Fox who was in power in the biggest Latin-American country for six years from 2000 to 2006. The historical significance of this outstanding statesman is determined by his coming to power at the crucial point of the history of Mexico, when there ended a long monopoly of one party which was dominating in the national scene and began a peaceful and nonviolent change to the way of pluralistic democracy.
The current political situation in Chile and the government of the «new majority»
Authors: Diakova L. V.
Published: August 2020

The article discusses the current political situation in Chile and the results of the first year in power of Michelle Bachelet second government; analyzes problems and risks of this period associated with increasing political instability. The author points out that high social expectations of the part of society, requiring an accelerated pace of reforms, do not always contribute to the formation of the balanced and adequate political strategy.
THE RUSSIAN-SPANISH ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF «WAR OF SANCTIONS»
Authors: Ponedelko G. .
Published: August 2020

The article analyses some changes in the field of Russian-Spanish economic collaboration within the actual sanction period of 2014-2015. Sanctions соvered practically all areas of external economic interaction of both countries with particularly heavy impact on Russian import of Spanish agricultural goods and foodstuff, freezing activity of a number of joint-venture companies on the territory of Russian Federation, other negative consequences of the bilateral relations between the two countries. Whatever long the sanction period proved to be, both sides consider that, in any case, they shouldn’t weaken their firmness in discussing ways out of the present complex situation and should go on seeking directions and the so called “ supporting points” of further development of our mutual relations.
NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION: CASE OF SPAIN
Authors: Prokhorenko I. .
Published: August 2020

The processes of regional integration transform the model of traditional territorial nation-state, create favourable conditions for building- up of new macropolitical (macroregional) identity, and change the existing multiple identity of individual and collective state and non-state political actors. National (or national-state) identity as self-identification of the citizens as collective members of national-state community turns out especially vulnerable in the issue of regionalization. European integration with its unique decentralized multilevel system of governance has given new areas of transnational political interaction for subnational actors, in the first place for regional authorities. Seeking to increase their own actorness at national and supernational levels, regional authorities of the EU member- states use including various instruments of mobilizing of the territorial consciousness and of politicization of the ethnicity, aggregating the interests of the territory. The Spanish case is interesting due que the political system of the country is localized, and the model of governance is multi-level. Spain as one of the oldest European state is an example of unaccomplished nation-building by virtue of territorial diversity and significant influence of regional nationalisms. The factor of European integration proves itself visually in relation to Spain, affecting in a variety of ways, directly and/ or mediately upon directions and dynamics of political processes of different levels in the country, mechanisms and instruments of interethnic relations and of immigration of different culture background, construction of new national-state identity during the post-Francoist period, rise of regional nationalism and particularism, specific character of postimperial identity.
27th SEPTEMBER 2015 CATALAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS AND THE INDEPENDENCE PROJECT
Authors: Ruiz De Azúa MIGUEL A.
Published: August 2020

The article studies the parliamentary elections in Catalonia on 27th if September 2015, which were po-sitioned by the separatist forces as a referendum on the partition of this autonomous region from Spain. The author analyzes the standpoints of various political forces participating in the elections and the election results.
BRICS: LATINAMERICAN PROJECTION
Authors: Astakhov E. .
Published: August 2020

The paper analyses recent trends in foreign policy of Latin-American countries, in particular their approaches to the cooperation with BRICS. The main attention is paid to the analysis of Brazilian policy towards BRICS. Brazil is the only country which represents Latin-American continent in BRICS and has excellent possibilities to enter “the club of the Great Powers”.
THE RED CROSS: 100 YEARS IN COLOMBIA
Authors: Buynova K
Published: August 2020

In 2015 the national society of International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement in Colombia celebrated its first centenary. The article consists of an overview of the history of the Red Cross in Colombia, as well as an analysis of today’s challenges seen by a volunteer of the organization in Medellin, province of Antioquia.
PRESIDENTIAL RE-ELECTION IN LATIN AMERICA: CURRENT TRENDS
Authors: Rylova A. .
Published: August 2020

The early 21st century saw a “boom” of presidential re-elections in Latin America. After almost a universal ban on re-election in the late 1980s - early 1990s, increasingly more countries amend their constitutions to authorize re-election of the head of state. The present article analyzes existing models of re-election of presidents in Latin America, examines the latest trends and changes in constitutions.
CATALONIA IN OCCITANIA
Authors: Romanova G. .
Published: August 2020

One of the main tendencies developing under the domination of great official languages and the international English is the resurrection of minor Roman languages, such as Occitan. The reason of their successful and increasing support by the local population is a psychological necessity to express, evolve and show their linguistic personality, to bring out the latent image of the world. The regional filologists work hard in order to stimulate, restore and normalize minor language structures.
THE LINGUISTIC BATTLES OF THE ARAN VALLEY IN THE CRISIS OF MULTICULTURALISM
Authors: Grinina ELENA
Published: August 2020

Annotated article is dedicated to the struggle of minority languages, particularly of the language of Aran, for official recognition. This struggle is unfolding against the backdrop of the European Union’s policy of multiculturalism, which is experiencing a deep crisis at the present moment.
FELIPE II, HIS EMPIRE, HIS WIVES AND LOVERS
Authors: Hediger HELGA
Published: August 2020

The article is dedicated to some events of the personal history of Felipe II, so discussed by the historians of his time and modern scientists, who try to rehabilitate his image
COMBATIVIDAD Y CONTENCIÓN. LA ACCIÓN COLECTIVA DEL SINDICALISMO DOCENTE TUCUMANO FRENTE A LOS PROYECTOS DE REFORMA DE LAS LEYES EDUCATIVAS, 1968-1973
Authors: Ramos Ramírez ANTONIO
Published: August 2020

A lo largo de la década que precedió al golpe militar de 1976, la inestabilidad institucional, económi-ca y social fue una constante en la Argentina. Sin embargo, el gobierno militar previo, instaurado por Juan Carlos Onganía en 1966, inauguró bueno parte de las políticas de transformación social y econó-mica que se terminaron de imponer una década después. El presente trabajo tendrá como propósito demostrar la importancia relativa que adquirieron las prácticas reivindicativas de los docentes prima-rios de la enseñanza pública tucumana, nucleados en torno a la Agremiación Tucumana de Educadores Provinciales (ATEP). Se demostrará que los docentes se articularon, junto al resto de trabajadores de la provincia, en las luchas sociales acometidas en un contexto de coerción política. Los distintos ensayos de reforma de la Ley de Educación que se quieren imponer nos servirán como eje interpretativo de las acciones colectivas de los trabajadores docentes, reaccionando en defensa de los valores consignados en la ley 1.420, aunque también trascendiendo del ámbito educativo y apuntando a consecuciones sociales que denotan una creciente politización de la militancia gremial docente. El análisis de las decisiones tomadas por la dirigencia y la militancia de ATEP, así como los desiguales rendimientos que ofrecieron las distintas interlocuciones con el gobierno provincial y nacional, servirán para arrojar luz sobre tra-yectoria seguida por los trabajadores docentes tucumanos.
CULTURALLY MARKED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN A JOB INTERVIEW
Authors: Ainciburu MARÍA CECILIA
Published: August 2020

Because the exchange of workers is a consolidated reality in the international arena, job interviews are frequently done in a foreign language. With the rise of outsourced recruitment and firms for recruitment and staff selection, interview scripts born in a different culture involving difficult answers for the candidate are proliferating. The present research investigates the questions that are considered more complex in a job interview, tries to clarify the nature of the difficulty, illustrates the possible answers and discusses the public / private barrier in intercultural work situations, adopting an educational perspective focused on classes of Spanish as a foreign language.
THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN CLASS OF SPANISH FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
Authors: Díaz Gutiérrez EVA , Suñén Bernal MARÍA DEL
Published: August 2020

With this workshop we would like to present the principles of project-based learning in second languages and how to implement it when teaching foreign languages. Moreover, we would like to share our experience in using this method in two parallel courses at the Leuphana Universität in Lüneburg and the Technische Universität Berlin, both located in Germany. Our idea to collaborate in the creation of educational materials which could be suitable to our needs arose in 2011. We were looking for a new teaching strategy to enable students to feel completely involved in situa-tions in which they could make practical use of the language, going beyond the limits of the classroom by car-rying out a project. At the same time, we could not forget the fact that we teach a language course for special purposes, with all what this implies: developing all four major skills, paying special attention to the specific vocabulary and creating virtual rooms to learn so that this process could be continued after the classes. With the passage of time, we have been able to confirm that this working model enables us to achieve most of the objectives of the University Curricula in a much more efficient way.
Problem of organized crime in Perú: contemporary phase
Authors: Shinkarenko Alexander
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the problems of the organized crime in Perú and its causes. Are issued the problems of narcotraﬁc, corruption, violence and such new types of crime as ciberfraud.
State policy of Chile to overcome crime
Authors: Diakova Liudmila
Published: August 2020

This article analyzes the current state policy of Chile to overcome crime. It is noted that the study of public opinion regarding the personal experience of the people, demonstrating the improvement of the security situation (public and private) for the last 10 years (since 2005). However, the respondents’ perception of security problems has become much more negative, which is associated with the general deterioration of these indicators in the region, as well as a keen attitude of Chilean society to social inequality, which is considered one of the main factors for the growth of crime. Special attention is given to special programs to ensure public safety, and various governmentalpractices of the ﬁght against crime, including the interaction of the police with civil society organizations.
Political and military cooperation in the margins of UNASUR
Authors: Edargis Andrey
Published: August 2020

The article gives an account of the directions of the South American Defense Council activities, analyses the level of UNASUR member-states` participation into political and military cooperation, deﬁnes military threats, evaluates the development of the cooperation of South American states in the near future
Extra-regional aspects of Uruguay’s foreign policy (2010-2015
Authors: Kireeva Irina
Published: August 2020

The article analyses extraregional aspects of Uruguay’s foreign policy during the presidency of José Mujica (2010-2015), namely the development of relations between Uruguay and the USA, the European Union, Russia and countries of Asia and Middle East such as China, India, Iran, Palestine and Israel. This aspect of Uruguayan foreign policy is particularly relevant amid the crisis in Mercosur, when Uruguay is trying to mitigate its adverse consequences for the country’s economy by expanding trade ties with the other countries, both within Latin America and beyond it. The relations between Uruguay and Latin American countries are touched upon in some investigations while Uruguay’s active foreign policy in other regions isn’t studied at all
BARCELONA PROCESS:CREATION OF THE UNION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN
Authors: Anikeeva Natalya
Published: August 2020

The article notes that the geographical location and historical links with the Mediterranean countries, together with the accession to the EU resulted in a special position of Spain as the initiator of the Barcelona process: meetings and conferences at various levels for the development of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation in diﬀerent spheres within the EU. Creation of the Union for the Mediterranean was actually a continuation of the Barcelona process
Language as an instrument of policy
Authors: Grinina Elena
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to show how in modern Spain the language is successfully used not only for defending their nationalist interests (linguistic nationalism), but also in the struggle against the structures of language, that reﬂect the gender-based discrimination (linguistic sexism)
Spanish media discourse: quid novum?
Authors: Larionova Marina
Published: August 2020

The article focuses on the evolution of the Spanish media discourse which reﬂects and verbalizes mentality, modeling the world around and creating mentality and culture of the society. The media discourse is formed by proper language tools and by the system of the cognitive and cultural components that are relevant for a particular historical period. The process of updating and expanding of the conceptual sphere of the media discourse happens constantly as a response to the development of society and its institutions, technological progress, emergence of new political, economic and socio-cultural factors. The media discourse is the ﬁrst to react to these events by creating, capturing and replicating a new vocabulary and new concepts
The Spanish experience of foreign trade
Authors: Astakhov Evgeny
Published: August 2020

This paper analyzes basic elements of economic activity of Spain abroad. The author underlines that the main factor of its efﬁciency is government coordination, which permits elaboration of state foreign policy in economic sphere.
THE SEDUCTION OF THE WORD IN WHITE NIGHTS OF F. DOSTOIEVSKI
Authors: Fernández Bueno Aída
Published: August 2020

This work is an analysis of the novel of F. Dostoievski White Nights starting from an attentive reading and attending to basic elements of its composition. The title, as a compositional element, shows a dual structure that permeates the entire work.
Кризис в Каталонии: проблемы и последствия
Authors: Orlov Alexander A.
Published: August 2020

In the article the problems created by the crisis in Catalonia are considered. The author focuses on an unprecedented wave of the russophobia that has captured a part of the political class of Spain which destroys the basis of the Russian-Spanish relations. At the same time, as it is noted in article, Spain and its people endure today an important period of self-identiﬁcation in new conditions which can be completed successfully in case of avoiding the division of Catalans into winners and losers.
Spanish speciﬁcity in the context of cultural and ideological transformations in Europe in the beginning of the XXI century
Authors: Kozhanovsky Alexandr
Published: August 2020

The author of the article draws his attention to the particular commitment of contemporary Spanish society, represented by its most inﬂuential and active groups, to the course for integration of Spain into common European space as well as for comprehensive internal reorganization of their social life in accordance with so-called «liberal paradigm». This course is maintained despite the fact that in Spain there are just all those problems that led in other European countries to sharp increase of antiglobalization and nationalist trend in recent years. The author believes that the reason for this phenomenon is the dominance of speciﬁc cultural-ideological climate which is historically determined and essentially adjusts the mindset of citizens of the country in favor of «liberal» values and philosophical concepts.
Spain vs Portugal: the turbulent past and the complicated present
Authors: Dementiev Alexey
Published: August 2020

Spain and Portugal – Iberian neighbors joined by the peninsular geography and disjoint by historical avatars. The Middle Ages were riddled with wars, domination and mutual resistance. The 16th century is characterized by marine splendor and territorial expansion of both nations that for the dynastic reasons lived through a controversial period of “Iberian Union” (1580–1640). In later times they had many coincidences: political and economic decline in the 17-18th centuries, fruitless revolutions of liberal court in the 19th century, fall of monarchies and existence of dictatorial regimes in the 20th century. In an almost simultaneous way (in the middle of the 70s) both countries initiated the transition towards democracy. From the 1st of January, 1986, Spain and Portugal turned into partners in the European space. At present Spain and Portugal are two of the European associates with major economic integration. Nevertheless, controversies as for maritime delimitation, ecology, shared use of water, energy, railway networks and road infrastructure exist between them. Despite a significant approach in many spheres it is not an easy matter to forget the traditional mistrust. Still there persists a suspicion of the Portuguese towards the Spanish and the Spanish indifference towards Portugal.
Functional-semantic interpretation of the desire modality in Ibero-Romance languages
Authors: Zenenko N.
Published: August 2020

The article contains the analysis of the ways of expression of desire modality using functional-semantic approach. This approach, being productive in modern linguistic methodology is able to provide research strategy of semantic and functional properties of language units. Problems of desire modality are of great interest to modern linguistics. The author examines topical issues of functionalsemantic grammar, with an emphasis on functional-semantic category of desire.
The political goodwill is a good foundation to build a beneficial bilateral relationship for Spain and Russia: greeting to the participants of the VIII International Scientific Conference of Hispanists “Trajectory and perspectives of the Hispanic world: research and teaching”, held at the MGIMO University
Authors: Rubio Ignacio Ybáñez
Published: August 2020

The necessity of an exchange of views between representatives of academic and scientific centers from many countries on a wide range of issues relating to Iberoamerican region can not be overemphasized. At this difficult historical moment, it is important to understand clearly all the risks and opportunities  of international dialogue that can prevent a rollback from cooperation to the times of the cold war. Spain, acting within the EU, strives for to reduce tensions, wishing to build a Spanish-Russian relationship on a mutually beneficial basis, since both sides suffer from the growth of distrust and the restriction of exchanges. Clear prospects for cooperation between Russia and Spain exist in the struggle against common threats: terrorism and international crime, which are grieving for both countries. The problems that exist between countries should be resolved through dialogue, implementation of agreements, reached with the participation of all interested parties.
The symbolism of color in modern Spanish language
Authors: Zhuravliova Elizabeth V.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes some characteristics of the phraseological locution with designation of black color and its negative and positive connotations in the modern Spanish.
Educational cooperation of Spain with foreign countries and their experience for Russia
Authors: Kuznetsova Viktoria
Published: August 2020

Spain’s higher education system is researched in the context of the globalization of contemporary international society life. The educational policy implemented in Spain is part of a strategy that is applied throughout the world to improve the knowledge and skills of the entire population, especially the new generation. The cooperation of Spain in the educational sphere with such countries, as the United States, Germany, Mexico, China and international organizations, represents practical interest for Russia, which is developing the public project «5-100» to increase the competitiveness of the leading Russian universities.
Adjustments to the Classification of Forms of Modern Multinational Spanish Language as a Linguistic System
Authors: Nikíforova Svetlana
Published: August 2020

The main objective of the research: The article analyzes a notion of a “national variant of multinational language” introduced by the academic G.V. Stepánov, as well as a classification of forms of modern multinational Spanish language as a linguistic system elaborated by the academic N. M. Fírsova.

The research methods and the methodology used: To conduct this research the author has been analyzing theoretical literature on the subject; examining constitutions and legislative acts related to political status of Spanish-speaking countries and regions; using materials collected while writing the doctoral thesis and author’s own experience obtained during her multiple trips to Spain and Latin American countries. Also, the following research methods have been used: descriptive, comparative, functional, structural and statistical methods, a tracking method for development of linguistic phenomena and a linguocultural analysis method.

The main findings of the research: 1. The existence in the modern world of multiple state structure forms, as well as often indeterminate legal status of a language within those forms, sometimes prevent us from determining which political formation should be viewed as an independent state and which language would be considered as an official / state one in each specific case. We believe some adjustments should be introduced to the classification of the existing Spanish language forms elaborated by the academic N. M. Fírsova. It is necessary to remove the “state language” characteristic from the P.I called “National Variant of Spanish Language” which will lead to replacing the term “national variant” with “regional variant”. 2. The ideas of political, religious, legal and other equality of any minority groups and communities that spread in the last decades and a so-called “transfer of Europe of the states to Europe of the regions” are gradually shattering the hierarchy of language forms in linguistics. Thus, the hierarchical status of the “dialect” rises to the level of the “national variant”. On the one hand, we propose to introduce the “prestige” characteristic of the language into the classification, and, on the other hand, to unify the notions of the “regional variant” and the “dialect” into a single category of the “regional variant”. 3. We propose to create a paragraph called “Subdialect” and consider it as the smallest territorial variety of a language. 4. We propose to consider a possibility of merging together the paragraphs II (“territorial variant”) and III (“territorial dialect”) of N.M.Fírsova’s classification.

The main conclusions: A new classification of language forms where the language represents a linguistic system with a new set of characteristics corresponding to each point is introduced for discussion. As a result, it is proposed to replace the term “multinational language” with the term “multi-variant language”.
Adjectives in -ista in modern Spanish
Authors: Demina Elena
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the new trend of adjectivation in modern Spanish, analyses a number of examples with the adjectives in –ista in terms of their formation, significance and using.
What is yopará? (Observations on paraguayan Spanish)
Authors: Sadikov A.
Published: August 2020

The article purports to summarize and rethink a considerable amount of facts collected by various researchers who studied the linguistic situation and the interplay of two languages, Spanish and Guarani, in modern Paraguay. Having revised a number facts pertaining to different levels of the language system, the author arrives at the conclusion that the linguistic phenomenon called yopará is emerging as a new language in the full sense of this word, its mixed origin notwithstanding, a real future national language now taking shape.
The Catalan crisis 2012-2017: political, institutional and ethnopolitical aspects
Authors: Baranov A. V.
Published: August 2020

The relevance of the study: attempts to secede of Catalonia from Spain in 2012–2017 are a characteristic manifestation of the crisis of the national states in the context of globalization. The objective of the study is to determine the politicalinstitutional and ethno-political parameters of the Catalan crisis of 2012–2017 in the context of the interactions of the Spanish state of autonomies and their autonomous communities. The research materials are normative juridical acts of the Kingdom of Spain and the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, resolutions of political parties, statements of political leaders, results of opinion polls, statistical data of population censuses. Research methods: neoinstitutionalism, constructivist paradigm in ethnopolitology. The results of the investigation. The Catalan crisis of 2012–2017 confirmed the decrease in confidence in the state of autonomy and the party system of the country, caused by a deficit of democracy. The main factors in the fragmentation of the state are: the unfinished nation-building; weak national identity compared to regional and ethnic identity; import of secession institutes and technologies. The conflict is not resolved and requires a radical reform of Spain’s political system based on dialogue and constitutional reform.
Ecuador in search of a new identity
Authors: Dabagyan E. S.
Published: August 2020

This article analyzes features of the socio-political processes inEcuador. Priority is given to the style of government of the two presidents. The article emphasizes differences in style and methods of leadership of both heads of state initially considered as like-minded but later converted into antagonists.
Ensuring gender equality as a goal of sustainable development (case of Latin America)
Authors: Averina O. V.
Published: August 2020

Sustainable development of any country involves the effective use of the intellectual and economic potential of all its citizens, men and women. That is why the achievement of gender symmetry is one of the priority tasks for the world community. There is an impressive body of norms, standards and principles related to the problems of gender equality, which the UN defends in the world. The author analyzes the impact of these documents and the activities of international organizations on the development and implementation of gender policy inLatin America. The paper examines specialized national mechanisms and plans for the promotion of women’s rights and the elimination of discrimination, etc. Such an analysis provides a very broad picture of the results achieved, as well as the problems and contradictions that Latin American society faces today in integrating women into the process of socioeconomic development.
UN Convention on the rights of the child thirty years later: achievements and challenges (case of Latin America)
Authors: Medvedeva T. A.
Published: August 2020

The paper examines the socio-economic situation of children and adolescents inLatin Americaand the dynamics of its change in the light of the adoption of the UN Convention on the rights of the child in 1989. The main directions of state policy for the protection of children’s rights are analyzed taking into account the specific features of the regional situation and in the context of the principles underlying the concept of sustainable development. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the formation of new state mechanisms, the so called comprehensive system of protection of children and adolescents, as well as methods of ensuring their social rights and programs aimed at combating child poverty-an acute problem in the field of rights.
USA and leftist regimes in Latin America: D. Trump administration approach
Authors: Rozental D. M.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the policy of the Donald Trump administration toward the leftist regimes of Latin America: Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua.Washington’s strategy and tactics are examined, the reasons for its diplomacy are determined.The efficiency of theUSAsanctions is evaluated.
ALBA in words and in deed: ideology and practice of the Bolivarian alliance
Authors: Boreyko A. V.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the state of the Bolivarian Alliance, which will be 15 years old on December 14, 2019. According to the author, the crisis that the organization is experiencing is connected with the controversial “half measures” economic policy, which all this time has been led by the leadership of one of the organization’s leaders – Venezuela. To overcome the crisis, it is necessary to turn to the recommendations of the expert community.
Military-technical cooperation between Russia and Latin America at the present stage (cases of Venezuela, Peru, Brazil)
Authors: Stepanov A. Yu.
Published: August 2020

The article provides the overview of military-technical cooperation (MTC) of theRussian Federationwith Latin American countries, its main trends and impact on bilateral political and economic relations withVenezuela,PeruandBrazil. After the collapse of theUSSR, the supply of domestic arms to the Latin American market declined significantly. In the 2000s,Russiaregained its position in this market. Modern MTC strategies are primarily economic, marketing and political. The development of partnership in the field of military-technical cooperation is of long-term strategic importance, since the purchase of weapons entails the need for cooperation in other areas related to its use.
The results of the XXVII annual MGIMO-University student course work and master’s thesis competition in Iberoamericanism (2019)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2020

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The Islamic State: The Real Islam?
Authors: Alonso Marcos Antonio , Khalil Samir Samir
Published: August 2020

From the origins of the Muslim religion, Muhammad was both military and spiritual leader. His political project was materialized in the form of an Islamic state, where the law was the divine law. Throughout the centuries, this caliphate has been established in different places and in different ways. In June 2014, it was proclaimed in the Sham, in Iraq and Syria. It should be asked if this model of Islamic State is the real one and whether the violence is consubstantial to Islam or it can get away with it.
Russia and Spain in the midst of global trade wars
Authors: Yakovlev P.
Published: August 2020

In recent years, the world economy has become more unstable and relations between countries in different regions have deteriorated. As a result, we can talk about an international economic confrontation. The main reasons for this situation seem to be traceable: so-called trade wars, neo-protectionism, financial and other sanctions. Many countries around the world, including Russia and Spain, are victims of one or more aspects of the phenomenon. Trade wars are undoubtedly at the heart of economic battles. They have a long history, but the current wave of trade wars has been driven by President Donald Trump’s economic policies. In his opinion, the root of the U.S. economic problems lies in its trade deficit with China, the European Union, Mexico and some other countries of the world. With the idea that “trade wars are good and easy to win”, Washington unilaterally tore up the agreements reached: the Paris climate accord, the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the nuclear deal with Iran, the free trade agreement with Mexico and Canada. In addition, Trump has raised tariffs on hundreds of manufactured goods imported by the United States (steel, aluminum, washing machines, solar panels, etc.) and threatened the European Union with higher tariffs on cars. The trade wars unleashed by the White House will have long-term direct and indirect consequences for the state of the world economy. Russia and Spain are heavily dependent on international markets. That is why complications in world trade are contrary to the interests of both countries.
The Rise of ISIL: Reasons and Consequences
Authors: Vavilov A.
Published: August 2020

The appearance in world politics of a dangerous phenomenon of the terrorist «Islamic state» was caused by a number of factors on global, regional and country levels. The worsening regional situation as a result of the overdue fundamental changes in turbulent development of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa is aggravated by an unlawful interference, dictated by the desire of some influential actors in the world politics to realize their geostrategic and geopolitical interests. As a result the international community has to confront a sharp rise of religious extremism that threatens to deepen a civilizational schism. Following steadfastenly a course on non-interference in the internal affairs of the countries in the region, Russia consistently appeals for the unification of the forces of the world community to address the new challenge to international stability and security.
Israel Continues to Expand Its Settlements
Authors: Sukhanov V.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the influence of the religious aspects on the political processes in Israel. Special attention is paid to the role of religion in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The author shows the trend towards politicization of religion and characterizes the process as unconstructive, which prevents to a peaceful settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

The article also discusses the interaction between secular and religious principles in the State of Israel, estimates the current situation, highlights the importance of the religious component in the political life of Israel.
The Nuclear Problem of the Korean Peninsula: Is There a Way of Ending the Deadlock?
Authors: Denisov V.
Published: August 2020

The nuclear problem of the Korean peninsula remains unsolved, tensions continuing for the past five years. The mechanism of the Six-Party Talks in which Russia, China, the USA, Japan, North and South Korea took part, is inactive, while each party develops its own strategy to counteract the new nuclear program of North Korea. Such an approach stimulates further escalation in the region, because there is no mutual understanding of North Korea nuclear status. In addition there exist a number of contradictions between the members of Six-Party Talks, each of them trying to resolve North Korean issue pursuing their own interests. However, in the current situation a peaceful resolution of the problem is still possible. Moreover, it is the only reasonable solution.
Russia and Korean Peninsula in the New International Situation
Authors: Denisov V.
Published: August 2020

Recent trends in international situation around Korean peninsula and the policy of main stateactors are being considered. The USA is trying to reinforce its military presence in South Korea. Seoul is seeking to revise its previous agreements with USA in the sphere of nuclear energy. Trilateral interaction (US-Japan-South Corea) on the problem of North Korean nuclear potential is strengthening. US policy towards North Korea is aimed at counteraction to reinforcement of Russian and Chinese influence in the region. At the same time the USA provides support to North-South dialogue while pressurizing North Korea on the issues of human rights and denuclearization.

Pyongyang is concerned with military rapprochement between South Korea and USA and is trying to make North Korean nuclear program an object of bargaining for peaceful settlement on Korean peninsula. North-to-South relations should be regarded as military opposition in spite of constant appeals to peaceful reunification, development of economic and cultural ties etc. Current analysis reveals that both North and South Korea are still far from real progress in this respect.

Chinese factor is essential though Beijing behavior is cautious. After Kim Rong Un rise to power political and economic relations between North and South weakened. Pyongyang is concerned with regular contacts between China and US on North Korea problems. Aggravation of international situation did not lead to decline in China-South Korea relations, though China is against deployment of missile-defence THAAD complexes. Chinese policy in Korea is aimed at sustaining of status-quo in the peninsula and barring collapse of the North Corea regime.

Policy of Russia is invariably based on the principles formulated in 2001. Recently North Korea has revealed intentions to resume political dialogue with Russia, while South Korea is seemingly not interested in broader co-operation with Russia. Up to the author’s opinion it is necessary to promote six-sided negotiations process, avoid extremes in approaches to both Korean states, and oppose to US domination in the region.
On the Investment Climate in Abkhazia and Prospects for Its Develelopment
Authors: Mukhanov V. M. , Novikov V. V.
Published: August 2020

The paper examines the current socio-economic status of Abkhazia, given his assessment and prerequisites. An attempt is made to identify potential directions of development of economy of the Republic, and also gives an outlook in the near-term.
Natalia Komarova
Authors: Komarova N.
Published: August 2020

Acting Governor of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region.
Li Fenglin
Authors: Fenglin Li.
Published: August 2020

Li Fenglin.
Khudoberdy Kholiknazar
Authors: Kholiknazar K.
Published: August 2020

Khudoberdy Kholiknazar.
SCO: Development model for 2015
Authors: Luzyanin S.
Published: August 2020

Based on methods of comparative politological studies the article specifies four main correlations in SCO activities: level of global and regional impact and regional possibilities of impact; multilateral and bilateral cooperation; correlation between main spheres of activity (security, economics and investment, humanitarian cooperation); correlation between integration projects of SCO, EAU and Silk Road.
India and Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Authors: Joshi N.
Published: August 2020

The problem discusses the approaches to security in Central Asian region, especially the threats of instability and Taliban activities in Afghanistan methods of joint resistance to terrorism and other evils. The differences in SCO members’ attitude towards India’s future participation in SCO agenda is being considered. The author doubts that SCO can be regarded as a security provider for the region, it is just an instrument of enhancing regional co-operation in various fields.
SCO Development Bank: Benefit for All?
Authors: Gabuev A.
Published: August 2020

The paper deals with different approaches to the creation of SCO Development Bank, principles of formation of nominal capital, the possibility of achieving compromise between member states is discussed.
Expansion of the Economic Cooperation of Belarus with SCO
Authors: Dostanko E.
Published: August 2020

The author considers the economics as the most perspective field of cooperation of Belarus and SCO countries. The cases of concrete projects successfully launched in Belarus together with member countries of SCO are demonstrated, as well as proposals for Belarus participation in the project of Silk Road Economic belt. Main indices of Belarus economic growth are presented. The country is interested in Eurasian integration from economical point of view. At the same time the country seeks cooperation with EU on socio-cultural preconditions, Foreign policy priorities are China and Kazakhstan. Belarus is interested in upgrading its level of participation in SCO and becoming an observer state.
Main Vectors and Prospects for Mongolia’s Cooperation within SCO Framework
Authors: Sarantuya N.
Published: August 2020

The author believes that economic cooperation is Mongolia’s priority in relations with SCO countries. Mongolia is interested in building transportation corridors to Central Asia and Russia. The article deals also with possibilities of banks and investments cooperation, cultural dialogue of SCO countries with Mongolia. Special attention is paid to the problem of security in the spheres of information and culture. Mongolia approves expansion of SCO.
The Regional Situation in the Middle East: Current State and Prospects for Development
Authors: Krylov A. , Fedorchenko A.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the main trends that determine the dynamics of transformation processes and the future of the entire Middle East region. Projected scenarios are examined through the prism of Russian foreign policy and strategic interests.

It has become even more evident that the American scheme of the new world order, including the Middle East, is unviable. Strengthening of Islamic radical organizations and expanded range of their activities were connected with the coming to power of the Obama administration. In Iraq, Syria, the former confrontation has entered a new phase and become even more acute. In 2014, «Islamic State» (ISIS) has begun a largescale expansion, as a result of the bloody battles part of the territory of these countries came under the control of the Islamists. The effectiveness of the fight against the ISIS is due to a combination of political, military, economic and social measures. Furthermore, it should be coordinated internationally. The coordination of anti-terrorist activities of Russia with the countries of East and West can bring positive results.

Resolving of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has reached a deadlock. The fundamental unwillingness of governments, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, to go to any concessions to the Palestinians eventually led to the predictable surge in violence between the conflicting parties in the autumn of 2015, which many political observers and analysts attributed to the beginning of the third intifada.

In the depths of the Arabian monarchies there are complex social and economic processes. In the period of generational change in some GCC countries the problem of succession is quite acute. In the south of the Arabian Peninsula an assessment of the current difficult situation in Yemen suggests that the least painful exit for this country is federalization. In the final part of the article the system lag of the region in economic development is considered as a further challenge to the states of the Middle East.
Home Policy Changes in North Korea and its Possible Impac t on the Situation in North-East Asia
Authors: Denisov V.
Published: August 2020

The article describes main events in the political life of North Korea after Kim Chen-In rise to power, his struggle with military leadership and attempts to strengthen the role of North Korea Labour Party accompanied by further indoctrination of the people. Main problems of economic development and the prospect of market regulation implementation are being assessed. Instability of the regime and attempts of South Korea, Japan and US pressurize North Korea along with nuclear problem being far from settlement is considered as one of main geopolitical threats in the North-East Asia.
Afghan Challenges and their Impact on Reconfiguration of Foreign Military Presence
Authors: Konarovskiy M.
Published: August 2020

Against the background of wide range of the “Islamic state” terrorismin the Middle East, the aggravating civil war in Afghanistan does not reduce the threat of destabilization beyond Russia’s southern borders. The Taliban’s terrorism in IRA is recently becoming even more diversified through the infiltration of the IS ideology and militancy to IRA northern enclave. Reshaping of the US and NATO military presence in that country did not help to stabilize the situation that is facing the whole complex of unresolved problems. This reality urged Washington to prolong the military presence till 2017 amid new efforts to strengthen its positions in Central Asia.