bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicações do Laser em Especialidades Odontológicas: um estudo prospectivo
Authors: Silva Thalia Ferreira da , Paula Daniel de
Published: October 2023

O laser surgiu como uma invenção disruptiva em diversos segmentos da economia, e não foi diferente na área médica, difundindo-se também nas especialidades odontológicas. Neste trabalho, mapeou-se o avanço tecnológico do laser, usando depósitos de patente como indicador de inovação, e foram analisados os usos clínicos atuais da laserterapia aplicada à odontologia. Foi realizada pesquisa de estudos clínicos na base de dados PubMed e busca patentária na plataforma Questel Orbit® nos últimos dez anos. O crescente avanço de depósitos patentários evidencia a China (600 depósitos) como país mais inovador, seguida pelos EUA (387) e Coreia do Sul (139). Todavia, as empresas americanas ocupam quatro das cinco primeiras colocações, sendo lideradas pela Align Technology (EUA, 22 depósitos), empresa revolucionária em ortodontia e odontologia digital. Bioestimulação, analgesia, descontaminação e coagulação sanguínea são benefícios da laserterapia na ortodontia, endodontia e cirurgias bucais, tornando o laser protagonista da odontologia moderna de alta resolutividade.
Tecnologias Emergentes nas Serventias Notariais (Cartórios de Notas)
Authors: Rocha Carla Fernanda Alvares , Souza Renato Araújo Coelho de , Melo Mauro Andre Damasceno de , Rocha Carlos Alberto Machado da
Published: October 2023

A fim de garantir publicidade, autenticidade, segurança e eficácia dos atos jurídicos, as serventias extrajudiciais descentralizam a atuação do poder público, ofertando uma variedade de serviços ao cidadão. Com a gama de serviços e enorme responsabilidade que, até pouco tempo, era feita integralmente de forma arcaica, tornou-se imprescindível que essas serventias se informatizassem para assegurar a célere e segura execução dos serviços. Buscando identificar tecnologias emergentes voltadas para as serventias notariais, foi realizado um estudo exploratório e descritivo no período 1991-2020, com levantamento bibliográfico nas bases Google Scholar, Scielo e Lens, além de depósitos de documentos de patentes em âmbito nacional (INPI) e internacional (Lens). Os dados foram organizados e apresentados em tabelas e gráficos, com aprofundamento das análises dos documentos de patentes na base Lens, considerando o número, tipos de documentos, evolução histórica, país de depósito, requerentes e código CPC. Neste estudo prospectivo, ficou evidenciado que o uso e a aplicação de tecnologias para a modernização do setor notarial se apresentam em um contexto extraordinariamente recente.
Alternativas Terapêuticas para o Cálculo Dentário: uma análise prospectiva científica e tecnológica
Authors: Oliveira Nathália Nascimento da Cruz de , Gomes Denilson dos Santos , Kodel Helena de Almeida Cerqueira , Droppa-Almeida Daniela
Published: October 2023

O cálculo dentário é o resultado das interações mutualísticas dos microrganismos presentes no biofilme dental, e está correlacionado com o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal. O presente estudo objetivou apresentar um panorama de alternativas terapêuticas existentes frente ao cálculo dental devido à necessidade de tratamentos inovadores. Foram utilizados como banco de dados para prospecção científica o Science Direct e o PubMed e, para a prospecção tecnológica, o Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial e o World Intellectual Property Organizations. Delimitou-se as publicações entre os anos de 2012-2022 e foram selecionados documentos disponibilizados na íntegra, a fim de abranger o máximo de artigos direcionados ao objetivo do estudo a partir de um refinamento com o uso dos descritores “dental calculus”, “periodontal debridement” e “treatment”. Estratégias como o uso de produtos à base de extratos de plantas medicinais e óleos essenciais foram observados, além da aplicação de antissépticos e antibióticos sistêmicos.
Aplicação da Inteligência Artificial na Segurança do Trabalho para a Prevenção de Acidentes: um estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Silva Alexandre Pinto , Dutra Frederico Giffoni de Carvalho , Figueiredo Douglas Barbonaglia Sathler
Published: October 2023

Os acidentes do trabalho que acontecem no mundo laboral têm atraído, ao longo do tempo, a preocupação de como implementar medidas preventivas para evitá-los. Este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar uma pesquisa bibliométrica, identificando as principais publicações, autores, universidades, países e palavras-chave que abordam as aplicações de inteligência artificial na segurança do trabalho, com foco na prevenção de acidentes. Os dados foram coletados na base de dados Web of Science, utilizando-se as palavras-chave (“artificial intelligence”) AND (workplace OR “occupation health and safety” OR "accident prevention"). A interpretação dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise de performance, a partir dos relatórios da WoS; e mapeamento científico utilizando o software VOSviewer. Foram encontrados 272 artigos que depois de analisados compuseram a pesquisa. Ficou evidenciado que o tema inteligência artificial aplicado à segurança do trabalho ainda é pouco explorado, porém, a partir de 2020, houve um aumento expressivo de publicações científicas.
Peripheral Blasts in a Patient Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Kshattry Sabin , Parker Terri L. , Huntington Scott F.
Published: October 2023

An older patient with stage II bladder carcinoma presented with 1 week of fatigue and 2 days of dyspnea on exertion. He was receiving carboplatin/gemcitabine with 6 mg of pegylated G-CSF chemotherapy; his white blood cell count was elevated, hemoglobin low, and ferritin notably increased. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Multigenetic Pharmacogenomics–Guided Treatment vs Treatment As Usual Among Hospitalized Men With Schizophrenia
Authors: Kang Zhewei , Qin Ying , Sun Yutao , Lu Zhe , Sun Yaoyao , Chen Huan , Feng Xiaoyang , Zhang Yuyanan , Guo Hua , Yan Hao , Yue Weihua
Published: October 2023

Importance

Limited evidence supports multigenetic pharmacogenomics–guided treatment (MPGT) in schizophrenia.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of MPGT in schizophrenia in a randomized clinical trial (RCT).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This RCT was conducted from March 2020 to March 2022. Male Chinese Han inpatients aged 18 to 60 years diagnosed with schizophrenia with a Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) score of 60 or more from 2 selected study hospitals were included. Patients and raters were masked to MPGT or treatment as usual (TAU) randomization.

Interventions

Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either MPGT or TAU for 12 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary efficacy outcome was the percentage change in PANSS total scores (range, 30 to 210) from baseline to week 6 analyzed by a modified intention-to-treat mixed model for repeated measures. The secondary outcome included response and symptomatic remission rates.

Results

A total of 210 participants (mean [SD] age, 29.2 [8.8] years) were enrolled and analyzed, with 113 assigned to MPGT and 97 to TAU. Compared with those randomized to TAU, participants randomized to MPGT demonstrated a significantly higher percentage change in PANSS score (74.2% vs 64.9%; adjusted mean difference, 9.2 percentage points; 95% CI, 4.4-14.1 percentage points; P < .001) and a higher response rate (93 of 113 [82.3%] vs 63 of 97 [64.9%]; adjusted odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.28-4.80; P = .01) at the end of week 6.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this RCT of MPGT, MPGT was more effective than TAU in treating patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that multigenetic pharmacogenomic testing could serve as an effective tool to guide the treatment of schizophrenia.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000029671
Monotreatment With Conventional Antirheumatic Drugs or Glucocorticoids in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Guski Louise S. , Jürgens Gesche , Pedder Hugo , Levinsen Niels K. G. , Andersen Stig E. , Welton Nicky J. , Graudal Niels
Published: October 2023

Importance

This is the first network meta-analysis to assess outcomes associated with multiple conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid.

Objective

To analyze clinical outcomes after treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Data Sources

With no time restraint, English language articles were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, and reference lists of relevant meta-analyses until September 15, 2022.

Study Selection

Four reviewers in pairs of 2 independently included controlled studies randomizing patients with rheumatoid arthritis to mono–conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticoid, placebo, or nonactive treatment that recorded at least 1 outcome of tender joint count, swollen joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level. Of 1098 assessed articles, 130 articles (132 interventions) were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline, and data quality was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool RoB 2. Data were extracted by a single author and checked independently by 2 authors. Data were analyzed using a random effect model, and data analysis was conducted from June 2021 to February 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

A protocol with hypothesis and study plan was registered before data recording. The most complete of recorded outcomes (tender joint count) was used as primary outcome, with imputations based on other outcomes to obtain a full analysis of all studies. Absolute change adjusted for baseline disease activity was assessed.

Results

A total of 29 interventions in 275 treatment groups among 132 randomized clinical trials (mean [range], 71.0% [27.0% to 100%] females in studies; mean [range] of ages in studies, 53 [36 to 70] years) were identified, which included 13 260 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The mean (range) duration of RA was 79 (2 to 243) months, and the mean (range) disease activity score was 6.3 (4.0 to 8.8). Compared with placebo, oral methotrexate was associated with a reduced tender joint count by 5.18 joints (95% credible interval [CrI], 4.07 to 6.28 joints). Compared with methotrexate, glucocorticoid (−2.54 joints; 95% CrI, −5.16 to 0.08 joints) and remaining drugs except cyclophosphamide (6.08 joints; 95% CrI, 0.44 to 11.66 joints) were associated with similar or lower tender joint counts.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study’s results support the present role of methotrexate as the primary reference conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.
Patterns in Physician Burnout in a Stable-Linked Cohort
Authors: Ortega Marcus V. , Hidrue Michael K. , Lehrhoff Sara R. , Ellis Dan B. , Sisodia Rachel C. , Curry William T. , del Carmen Marcela G. , Wasfy Jason H.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Physician burnout is widely reported to be an increasing problem in the US. Although prior analyses suggest physician burnout is rising nationally, these analyses have substantial limitations, including different physicians joining and leaving clinical practice.

Objective

To examine the prevalence of burnout among physicians in a large multispecialty group over a 5-year period.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This survey study was conducted in 2017, 2019, and 2021 and involved physician faculty members of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization. Participants represented different clinical specialties and a full range of career stages. The online survey instrument had 4 domains: physician career and compensation satisfaction, physician well-being, administrative workload on physicians, and leadership and diversity.

Exposure

Time.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Physician burnout, which was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. A binary burnout measure was used, which defined burnout as a high score in 2 of the 3 burnout subscales: Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Reduced Personal Efficacy.

Results

A total of 1373 physicians (72.9% of the original 2017 cohort) participated in all 3 surveys. The cohort included 690 (50.3%) male, 921 (67.1%) White, and 1189 (86.6%) non-Hispanic individuals. The response rates were 93.0% in 2017, 93.0% in 2019, and 92.0% in 2021. Concerning years of experience, the cohort was relatively well distributed, with the highest number and proportion of physicians (478 [34.8%]) reporting between 11 and 20 years of experience. Within this group, burnout declined from 44.4% (610 physicians) in 2017 to 41.9% (575) in 2019 (P = .18) before increasing to 50.4% (692) in 2021 (P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this survey study suggest that the physician burnout rate in the US is increasing. This pattern represents a potential threat to the ability of the US health care system to care for patients and needs urgent solutions.
The contributions of flower strips to wild bee conservation in agricultural landscapes can be predicted using pollinator habitat suitability models
Authors: Sydenham Markus A. K. , Venter Zander S. , Eldegard Katrine , Torvanger Marianne S. , Nowell Megan S. , Hansen Silke , Øverland John Ingar , Dupont Yoko L. , Rasmussen Claus , Skrindo Astrid B. , Rusch Graciela M.
Published: October 2023

Sowing flower strips along field edges is a widely adopted method for conserving pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes. To maximize the effect of flower strips given limited resources, we need spatially explicit tools that can prioritize their placement, and for identifying plant species to include in seed mixtures.

We sampled bees and plant species as well as their interactions in a semi‐controlled field experiment with roadside/field edge pairs with/without a sown flower strip at 31 sites in Norway and used a regional spatial model of solitary bee species richness to test if the effect of flower strips on bee species richness was predictable from the modelled solitary bee species richness.

We found that sites with flower strips were more bee species rich compared to sites without flower strips and that this effect was greatest in areas that the regional solitary bee species richness model had identified to be particularly important for bees. Spatial models revealed that even within small landscapes there were pronounced differences between field edges in the predicted effect of sowing flower strips.

Of the plant species that attracted the most bee species, the majority mainly attracted bumblebees and only few species also attracted solitary bees. Considering both the taxonomic diversity of bees and the species richness of bees attracted by plants we suggest that seed mixes containing Hieracium spp. such as Hieracium umbellatum, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum spp., Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus, Stellaria graminea and Achillea millefolium would provide resources for diverse bee communities in our region.

Spatial prediction models of bee diversity can be used to identify locations where flower strips are likely to have the largest effect and can thereby provide managers with an important tool for prioritizing how funding for agri‐environmental schemes such as flower strips should be allocated. Such flower strips should contain plant species that are attractive to both solitary and bumblebees, and do not need to be particularly plant species rich as long as the selected plants complement each other.
Implementation of the validation testing in MPPG 5.a “Commissioning and QA of treatment planning dose calculations–megavoltage photon and electron beams”
Authors: Jacqmin Dustin J. , Bredfeldt Jeremy S. , Frigo Sean P. , Smilowitz Jennifer B.
Published: October 2023

The AAPM Medical Physics Practice Guideline (MPPG) 5.a provides concise guidance on the commissioning and QA of beam modeling and dose calculation in radiotherapy treatment planning systems. This work discusses the implementation of the validation testing recommended in MPPG 5.a at two institutions. The two institutions worked collaboratively to create a common set of treatment fields and analysis tools to deliver and analyze the validation tests. This included the development of a novel, open‐source software tool to compare scanning water tank measurements to 3D DICOM‐RT Dose distributions. Dose calculation algorithms in both Pinnacle and Eclipse were tested with MPPG 5.a to validate the modeling of Varian TrueBeam linear accelerators. The validation process resulted in more than 200 water tank scans and more than 50 point measurements per institution, each of which was compared to a dose calculation from the institution's treatment planning system (TPS). Overall, the validation testing recommended in MPPG 5.a took approximately 79 person‐hours for a machine with four photon and five electron energies for a single TPS. Of the 79 person‐hours, 26 person‐hours required time on the machine, and the remainder involved preparation and analysis. The basic photon, electron, and heterogeneity correction tests were evaluated with the tolerances in MPPG 5.a, and the tolerances were met for all tests. The MPPG 5.a evaluation criteria were used to assess the small field and IMRT/VMAT validation tests. Both institutions found the use of MPPG 5.a to be a valuable resource during the commissioning process. The validation testing in MPPG 5.a showed the strengths and limitations of the TPS models. In addition, the data collected during the validation testing is useful for routine QA of the TPS, validation of software upgrades, and commissioning of new algorithms.
Reproducibility of patient setup in the seated treatment position: A novel treatment chair design
Authors: McCarroll Rachel E. , Beadle Beth M. , Fullen Danna , Balter Peter A. , Followill David S. , Stingo Francesco C. , Yang Jinzhong , Court Laurence E.
Published: October 2023

Radiotherapy in a seated position may be indicated for patients who are unable to lie on the treatment couch for the duration of treatment, in scenarios where a seated treatment position provides superior anatomical positioning and dose distributions, or for a low‐cost system designed using a fixed treatment beam and rotating seated patient. In this study, we report a novel treatment chair that was constructed to allow for three‐dimensional imaging and treatment delivery while ensuring robust immobilization, providing reproducibility equivalent to that in the traditional supine position. Five patients undergoing radiation treatment for head‐and‐neck cancers were enrolled and were setup in the chair, with immobilization devices created, and then imaged with orthogonal X‐rays in a scenario that mimicked radiation treatments (without treatment delivery). Six subregions of the acquired images were rigidly registered to evaluate intra‐ and interfraction displacement and chair construction. Displacements under conditions of simulated image guidance were acquired by first registering one subregion; the residual displacement of other subregions was then measured. Additionally, we administered a patient questionnaire to gain patient feedback and assess comparison to the supine position. Average inter‐ and intrafraction displacements of all subregions in the seated position were less than 2 and 3 mm, respectively. When image guidance was simulated, L‐R and A‐P interfraction displacements were reduced by an average of 1 mm, providing setup of comparable quality to supine setups. The enrolled patients, who had no indication for a seated treatment position, reported no preference in the seated or the supine position. The novel chair design provides acceptable inter‐ and intrafraction displacement, with reproducibility equivalent to that reported for patients in the supine position. Patient feedback will be incorporated in the refinement of the chair, facilitating treatment of head‐and‐neck cancer in patients who are unable to lie for the duration of treatment or for use in an economical fixed‐beam setup.
Improved prostate delineation in prostate HDR brachytherapy with TRUS‐CT deformable registration technology: A pilot study with MRI validation
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Rossi Peter J. , Jani Ashesh B. , Mao Hui , Zhou Zhengyang , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian
Published: October 2023

Accurate prostate delineation is essential to ensure proper target coverage and normal‐tissue sparing in prostate HDR brachytherapy. We have developed a prostate HDR brachytherapy technology that integrates intraoperative TRUS‐based prostate contour into HDR treatment planning through TRUS‐CT deformable registration (TCDR) to improve prostate contour accuracy. In a perspective study of 16 patients, we investigated the clinical feasibility as well as the performance of this TCDR‐based HDR approach. We compared the performance of the TCDR‐based approach with the conventional CT‐based HDR in terms of prostate contour accuracy using MRI as the gold standard. For all patients, the average Dice prostate volume overlap was 91.1 ± 2.3% between the TCDR‐based and the MRI‐defined prostate volumes. In a subset of eight patients, inter and intro‐observer reliability study was conducted among three experienced physicians (two radiation oncologists and one radiologist) for the TCDR‐based HDR approach. Overall, a 10 to 40% improvement in prostate volume accuracy can be achieved with the TCDR‐based approach as compared with the conventional CT‐based prostate volumes. The TCDR‐based prostate volumes match closely to the MRI‐defined prostate volumes for all 3 observers (mean volume difference: 0.5 ± 7.2%, 1.8 ± 7.2%, and 3.5 ± 5.1%); while CT‐based contours overestimated prostate volumes by 10.9 ± 28.7%, 13.7 ± 20.1%, and 44.7 ± 32.1%. This study has shown that the TCDR‐based HDR brachytherapy is clinically feasible and can significantly improve prostate contour accuracy over the conventional CT‐based prostate contour. We also demonstrated the reliability of the TCDR‐based prostate delineation. This TCDR‐based HDR approach has the potential to enable accurate dose planning and delivery, and potentially enhance prostate HDR treatment outcome.
Central Core Substitutions and Film‐Formation Process Optimization Enable Approaching 19% Efficiency All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Dingding , Zhang Hao , Tian Chenyang , Zhang Jianqi , Zhu Lingyun , Wei Zhixiang , Lu Kun
Published: October 2023

Molecular interactions and film‐formation processes greatly impact the blend film morphology and device performances of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Molecular structure, such as the central cores of polymer acceptors, would significantly influence this process. Herein, the central core substitutions of polymer acceptors are adjusted and three quinoxaline (Qx)‐fused‐core‐based materials, PQx1, PQx2, and PQx3 are synthesized. The molecular aggregation ability and intermolecular interaction are systematically regulated, which subsequently influence the film‐formation process and determine the resulting blend film morphology. As a result, PQx3, with favorable aggregation ability and moderate interaction with polymer donor PM6, achieves efficient all‐PSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.60%, which could be further improved to 18.06% after carefully optimizing device annealing and interface layer. This impressive PCE is one of the highest values for binary all‐PSCs based on the classical polymer donor PM6. PYF‐T‐o is also involved in promoting light utilization, and the resulting ternary device shows an impressive PCE of 18.82%. In addition, PM6:PQx3‐based devices exhibit high film‐thickness tolerance, superior stability, and considerable potential for large‐scale devices (16.23% in 1 cm2 device). These results highlight the importance of structure optimization of polymer acceptors and film‐formation process control for obtaining efficient and stable all‐PSCs.
KI‐Facilitated Trifunctionalization of Maleimides in Water: Access to Disulfonylated Diazosuccinimide Derivatives and their Synthetic Applications
Authors: Ruan Hong‐Li , Zhang Wen , Rao Xiao‐Han , Zhu Zhi‐Jia , Zhao Sheng‐Yin
Published: October 2023

A trifunctionalization cascade reaction of substituted maleimides was developed to generate a series of disulfonylated diazosuccinimides in satisfactory yields by employing readily available sulfonyl hydrazides as both diazo source and sulfonylation reagent. The notable features of this developed method include avoiding the use of transition metal catalysts, environmentally benign H2O as the solvent, mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and the late‐stage modification of drugs. The derivatization reactions were effectively applied to synthesize aminosulfonylation‐substituted maleimides. The involved radical pathway was also demonstrated by mechanistic studies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Pd@rGO−CuFe2O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Recyclable Catalyst for C−C Coupling Reaction in Biomass‐Derived Organic Solvent
Authors: Teli Yaqoob A. , Reetu Reetu , Singh Priyanka Gurdev , Patel Mayur Jagdishbhai , Dash Sonali , Paine Snehangshu , Prabhakar Poornachandra Shamanna , Singh Virender , Keremane Kavya S. , Al‐Zaqri Nabil , Mukherjee Kalisadhan , Dutta Saikat , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: October 2023

Development of new, cost effective, stable heterogeneous catalyst for the organic transformations is an important thematic area of research. Present work describes the development of new Pd@rGO−CuFe2O4 catalyst and demonstrates its effectiveness for Suzuki‐Miyaura type coupling reactions. The additional advantage of this reaction is its feasibility using biomass‐derived solvent like γ‐Valerolactone (GVL) in aqueous media. The catalyst is prepared hydrothermally and characterized using XRD, FESEM, EDX, and XPS analysis. The catalyst exhibits excellent activity and recyclability (up to six times) in the C−C coupling reaction to deliver the corresponding biaryl molecules in yields up to 90 %. High efficiency for the conversion of nitriles to amides is also revealed by the prepared catalyst.
Synthese und Charakterisierung eines stabilen Nickelocenium‐Dikation‐Salzes
Authors: Rall Jan M. , Lapersonne Max , Schorpp Marcel , Krossing Ingo
Published: October 2023

Wir berichten über die Synthese und Charakterisierung der Nickelocenium‐Kationen [NiCp2]⋅+ und [NiCp2]2+ als deren [F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]− (Cp = C5H5; RF=C(CF3)3) Salze. Das diamagnetische [NiCp2]2+ ist das erste Beispiel für die Isolierung eines unsubstituierten Metallocen Dikations. Beide Salze wurden durch Reaktion von neutralem NiCp2 mit [NO]+[F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]− in 1,2,3,4‐Tetrafluorbenzol (4FB) erzeugt. Die Salze konnten durch Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugung charakterisiert werden, wobei kürzere Metall‐Ligand‐Bindungslängen für das höher geladene Salz gemessen wurden. Pulver‐Röntgenbeugung zeigte, dass die Salze phasenrein erhalten wurden. Cyclovoltammetrie in 4FB ergab quasi‐reversibel Redoxwellen bei −0.44 (0→1) und +1.17 V (1→2) gegen Fc/Fc+. Das 1H NMR von [NiCp2]2+ weist ein Singulett bei 8.6 ppm auf, während das paramagnetische [NiCp2]⋅+ deutlich Hochfeld auf −103.1 ppm verschoben ist.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Stable Nickelocenium Dication Salt
Authors: Rall Jan M. , Lapersonne Max , Schorpp Marcel , Krossing Ingo
Published: October 2023

We report the synthesis and characterization of the nickelocenium cations [NiCp2]⋅+ and [NiCp2]2+ as their [F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]− (Cp = C5H5; RF=C(CF3)3) salts. Diamagnetic [NiCp2]2+ represents the first example for the isolation of an unsubstituted parent metallocene dication. Both salts were generated by reacting neutral NiCp2 with [NO]+[F‐{Al(ORF)3}2]− in 1,2,3,4‐tetrafluorobenzene (4FB). The salts were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD), indicating shorter metal‐ligand bond lengths for the higher charged salt. Powder XRD shows the salts to be phase pure, cyclic voltammetry in 4FB gave quasi reversible redox waves at −0.44 (0→1) and +1.17 V (1→2) vs Fc/Fc+. The 1H NMR of [NiCp2]2+ is a singlet at 8.6 ppm, whereas paramagnetic [NiCp2]⋅+ is significantly shifted upfield to −103.1 ppm.
Singlet‐Triplet Energy Inversion in Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts
Authors: Actis Arianna , Melchionna Michele , Filippini Giacomo , Fornasiero Paolo , Prato Maurizio , Chiesa Mario , Salvadori Enrico
Published: October 2023

Time‐resolved EPR (TR‐EPR) demonstrates the formation of well‐defined spin triplet excitons in carbon nitride. This permits to experimentally probe the extent of the triplet wavefunction which delocalizes over several tri‐s‐triazine units. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the TR‐EPR signal reveals the mobility of the triplet excitons. By employing monochromatic light excitation in the range 430–600 nm, the energy of the spin triplet is estimated to be ≈0.2 eV above the conduction band edge, proving that the triplet exciton lies above the corresponding singlet. Comparison between amorphous and graphitic forms establishes the singlet‐triplet inversion as a general feature of carbon nitride materials.
Calix[4]arene‐based Supramolecular Gels for Mercury Ion Removal in Water
Authors: Chen Tyng‐Rong , Chang Kai‐Chi , Chen Chan‐Yu , Wu Ting‐Wen , Lee Li‐Wei , Shen Li‐Ching , Chen Hsin‐Ni , Chung Wen‐Sheng
Published: October 2023

A calix[4]arene‐based gelator 1, with lower‐rim mono triazolylpyridine group, capable of spontaneous self‐assembly into microspheres in different ethanol/H2O mixtures, is synthesized. The concentration‐dependent 1H NMR spectra and X‐ray single‐crystal structure of 1 provided evidence for self‐assembly of gelator 1 via cooperative interactions of intermolecular noncovalent forces. Furthermore, metallogels by self‐assembly of 1 was found to exhibit remarkable selectivity toward Hg2+ ions. 1H NMR spectra support that Hg2+ ion was bound to the nitrogen atoms of two coordination sites of 1, which composed of triazole and pyridine. Moreover, the results of field emission scanning electron microscopy and rheology experiments indicated that Hg2+ ions not only enhanced the gelling ability of gelator 1 in ethanol but also led to morphological change of its self‐assembly through metal‐ligand interactions. Finally, the in situ gelation, triggered by mixing a gelator solution of 1 in ethanol with water samples such as deionized (DI), tap, and lake water, leads to the effective removal of Hg(II) from a water sample which reduced from 400 to 1.6 ppm.
Robust control design of an air‐breathing engine for a supersonic vehicle using backstepping and UKF
Authors: Maity Arnab , Padhi Radhakant
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an efficient robust control design approach for an air‐breathing engine for a supersonic vehicle using the Lyapunov stability theory based nonlinear backstepping control, augmented with unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The primary objective of the control design is to ensure that the thrust produced by the engine tracks the commanded thrust by regulating the fuel flow to the combustion chamber. Moreover, as the engine operates in a supersonic range, an important secondary objective is to manage the shock wave location in the intake for maximum pressure recovery with adequate safety margin by varying the throat area of the nozzle simultaneously. To estimate the states and parameters as well as to filter out the process and sensor noises, a UKF has been incorporated for robust output feedback control computation. Furthermore, independent control designs for the actuators have been carried out to assure satisfactory performance of the engine. Additionally, a guidance loop is designed to generate a typical flight trajectory of the representative vehicle using a nonlinear suboptimal input constrained model predictive static programming formulation for testing the performance of the engine. Simulation results clearly indicate quite successful robust performance of the engine during both climb and cruise phases.
Maternal–fetal safety evaluation of an aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris leaves in rats
Authors: Nagaoka Livia Trippe , Jorge Bárbara Campos , Stein Júlia , Manoel Beatriz de Matos , Valente Leticia Cardoso , de Toledo Laura Leonel , de Castro Thiago Luis Aguayo , Kassuya Cândida Aparecida Leite , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima , Arena Arielle Cristina
Published: October 2023

Background

This study evaluated the maternal, embryotoxic, and teratogenic effects of the aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris (AECS), a species listed in the Unique Health System of Brazil, and widely used for treating several conditions, such as diarrhea, wounds, pain, and ulcers.

Methods

Pregnant rats were daily treated orally with 0, 175, 350, or 700 mg/kg/body weight of AECS, from gestational day (GD) 6 to 15 (organogenesis period). On GD 20, the pregnant rats were euthanized, and the litters submitted to an assessment of fetal development.

Results

No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in the dams during the treatment. In the embryo‐fetal development study, a significant increase in the basal zone height of the placenta was observed in the intermediate dose group. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the relative anogenital distance measurement of female fetuses in the lowest and intermediate dose groups. Although no visceral abnormalities were observed in the treated‐fetuses, skeletal anomalies evidenced by changes in the ossification of the sternum and the presence of supernumerary ribs were found in the intermediate and high dose groups.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the treatment with AECS during organogenesis at this dose level had detrimental effects on the normal development of fetuses.
Predictive value of ceruloplasmin for metabolic syndrome in adolescents
Authors: González‐Jiménez Emilio , Schmidt‐Riovalle Jacqueline , Sinausía Laura , Carmen Valenza Maríe , Perona Javier S.
Published: October 2023

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is precisely defined and the cardiovascular risk associated with the clustering of its components has been demonstrated in adults. However, data on children and adolescents are still scarce, in part, because of difficulties in transposing the definition from adults. The identification of risk factors for the development of MetS at an early age is essential for prevention purposes with low‐grade inflammation acting as a determinant for the association among the MetS components. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of the MetS with systemic markers of inflammation and ceruloplasmin in a population of adolescents. The present is a cross‐sectional study whose sample population consisted of 976 adolescents, 13.2 ± 1.2 years of age. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were determined by ELISA. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) was determined by a solid‐phase chemiluminiscent immunometric assay. Ceruloplasmin was measured by immunoturbidimetry. MetS adolescents exhibited higher levels of TNF−α, IL‐6, CRP, and ceruloplasmin compared to non‐MetS individuals. TNF−α, IL‐6, and CRP showed strong correlations with the MetS components and insulin resistance but not relevant predictive values according to ROC curves (AUC values 0.544‐ 0.555). In contrast, ceruloplasmin only showed significant correlations in non‐Mets individuals, but exhibited a very high predictive value (AUC=0.941, P < 0.001). The determination of serum ceruloplasmin in adolescents might be a useful tool to identify patients with the highest risk of future cardiovascular disease. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(2):163–170, 2016
Cardiac troponins—Translational biomarkers in cardiology: Theory and practice of cardiac troponin high‐sensitivity assays
Authors: Adamcova Michaela , Popelova‐Lencova Olga , Jirkovsky Eduard , Simko Fedor , Gersl Vladimir , Sterba Martin
Published: October 2023

Tn is a unique translational biomarker in cardiology whose potential has not been diminished in the new era of high sensitive assays. cTns can be valuable markers in cardiac diseases as well as in infectious diseases and respiratory diseases. Furthermore, the role of cTns is growing in the routine evaluation of cardioxicity and in determining the efficacy/safety ratio of novel cardioprotective strategies in clinical settings. cTns can detect myocardial injury not only in a wide spectrum of laboratory animals in experimental studies in vivo, but also in isolated heart models or cardiomyocytes in vitro. The crucial issue regarding the cross‐species usage of cardiac troponin investigation remains the choice of cardiac troponin testing. This review summarizes the recent proteomic data on aminoacid sequences of cTnT and cTnI in various species, as well as selected analytical characteristics of human cardiac troponin high‐sensitivity assays. Due to the highly phylogenetically conserved structure of troponins, the same bioindicator can be investigated using the same method in both clinical and experimental cardiology, thus contributing to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases as well as to increased effectiveness of troponin use in clinical practice. Measuring cardiac troponins using commercially available human high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin tests with convenient antibodies selected on the basis of adequate proteomic knowledge can solve many issues which would otherwise be difficult to address in clinical settings for various ethical and practical reasons. Our survey could help elaborate the practical guidelines for optimizing the choice of cTns assay in cardiology. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(2):133–148, 2016
Antiswelling and Frost‐resistant Properties of a Zeolite‐modified Rubber Mechanical Seal at Low Temperature
Authors: Petrova N. N. , Lee Jungkeun , Portnyagina V. V. , Jeong Dae‐Yong , Cho Jin‐Ho
Published: October 2023

The blending of an activated zeolite with a butadiene nitrile‐based rubber was investigated as a potential means of achieving mechanical seals suitable for low‐temperature operation. Through this, it was discovered that zeolite addition increases the oil and frost resistance of the rubber, as well as improves the climatic stability of the elastomer in a hydrocarbon medium. These improvements are attributed to both physical and chemical interactions, with the presence of zeolite inducing strong crosslinking during vulcanization and increasing the absorption of additives such as plasticizers. Rubber modified in this way is therefore recommended for use with hydrocarbon liquids exposed to cold climates. Swelling test was conducted over 2 years in the ambient atmosphere. Zeolites induced the strong crosslinking during vulcanization of rubbers and the adsorption of plasticizers or other ingredients of rubber blends onto zeolites were also strengthened.
A Sol–Gel‐derived Optical Sensor Applicable for Determination of Extremely Low pH Values
Authors: Kim Dae‐Young , Kim Heemoon , Kim Hyung Jin
Published: October 2023

This article describes the preparation and pH‐sensing characteristics of a sol–gel‐based optical sensor. A fluorescent dye possessing a triethoxysilane pendant group (2) was synthesized and covalently immobilized onto a sol–gel matrix to afford an optically pH‐sensitive membrane that operates in acidic solutions. The sensor membrane displays two distinctive absorption bands around 374 and 439 nm, and two emission bands around 520 with excitation at 340 and 460 nm. The fluorescence intensity and absorbance ratio of the sensor membrane increases as the pH increases from −1.0 to 2.0. The sensor membrane was reproducible, reversible, and stable for repeated measurements in acidic buffer solutions and has a long lifetime of at least a month without dye leaching.
The Cellobiose Structures with Global Minimum Potential Energy in Vacuum and Water: LMOD Optimization Method
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Yang Ji‐Hyun , Mhin Byung Jin , Ahn Ik‐Sung
Published: October 2023

To understand the structure of cellulose, we searched for the global minimum potential energy of cellobiose, a basic structural unit of cellulose, in vacuum and water. We used the Low‐MODe (LMOD) optimization method in the Ambertools1.5 package with a GLYCAM_06 force field. The generalized Born model proposed by Hawkins, Cramer, and Trühlar was used as a solvation model. The global minima in vacuum and water had different conformations. These differences were explained by solvation effects, especially the change in electrostatic interaction upon solvation. The global minimum in vacuum was determined by the strength of hydrogen bonding, which was reduced in water. The conformation, which was subject to electrostatic repulsion in vacuum, became the global minimum in water because the electrostatic repulsion decreased as a result of the attractive interaction with water.
Modification of Activated Carbon Using Nitration Followed by Reduction for Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Shafeeyan Mohammad Saleh , Houshmand Amirhossein , Arami‐Niya Arash , Razaghizadeh Hosain , Daud Wan Mohd Ashri Wan
Published: October 2023

Activated carbon (AC) samples were modified using nitration followed by reduction to enhance their CO2
adsorption capacities. Besides characterization of the samples, investigation of CO2
capture performance was conducted by CO2
isothermal adsorption, temperature‐programmed (TP) CO2
adsorption, cyclic CO2
adsorption–desorption, and dynamic CO2
adsorption tests. Almost all modified samples showed a rise in the amount of CO2
adsorbed when the comparison is made in unit surface area. On the other hand, some of the samples displayed a capacity superior to that of the parent material when compared in mass unit, especially at elevated temperatures. Despite ~65% decrease in the surface area, TP‐CO2
adsorption of the best samples exhibited increases of ~10 and 70% in CO2
capture capacity at 30 and 100 °C, respectively.
Double‐layered Black Electrochromic Device with a Single Electrode and Long‐Term Bistability
Authors: Ah Chil Seong , Song Juhee , Cho Seong M. , Kim Tae‐Youb , Kim Han Na , Oh Ji Yong , Chu Hye Yong , Ryu Hojun
Published: October 2023

This article describes a new electrochromic device (ECD) designed to achieve improved black color and long‐term bistability. We achieved these improvements by fabricating a double‐layered nanostructure of two different electrochromic materials stacked in layers on a single electrode. The fabricated ECD maintains 90% of the light transmittance of the colored state even after 1 h if powered off in the colored state. To achieve an improved black, green and blue viologens were successively immobilized in the bottom and top layers of materials on an electrode. The green viologens are initially colored at low voltage, and the purple viologens become colored when the voltage increases. This is because the reduction potential of the green viologens is less than that of purple viologens. Finally, an improved black color is obtained through a mixture of the two colors.
Preparation of Helium Isotope‐certified Reference Materials by Gravimetry
Authors: Tshilongo James , Min Deullae , Lee Jin Bok , Kim Jin Seog
Published: October 2023

An advanced gravimetric system was used to produce certified reference materials of mixtures of helium isotopes, traceable to the Système International d'Unitès (SI unit) of moles. Critical factors in developing isotope reference mixtures include the purity assessment of the source gases before preparation, the weighing system used for gravimetric mixing, a well‐developed gas filling system, and internal consistency among the mixtures. Three artificial helium isotope reference mixtures were prepared with absolute isotope ratios, R(
4He/
3He), of 18.905 ± 0.036, 98.78 ± 0.21, and 209.82 ± 0.44 (k = 1), respectively. The internal consistency between the mixtures was verified using a precision single‐focusing magnetic sector‐type mass spectrometer with a dynamic inlet system. The results showed that the proportions of the three reference isotope mixtures were well within the measurement uncertainty. The isotope reference mixtures were produced with the highest metrological uncertainty level.
LN2‐less Low‐Temperature Chromatography for Permanent Gas Analysis
Authors: Yin Min Kyo , Moon Dong Min , Kim Jin Sug , Lee Gae Ho , Lim Jeong Sik
Published: October 2023

Cryogenic chromatography has been applied for the quantitative analysis of highly elusive gases or materials, which are difficult to separate on various analytical columns. In many cases, their separability can be increased by cooling the analytical columns with liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide. However, coolant consumption and maintenance are significant issues in industrial settings as well as in laboratory experiments, in terms of economy and time. To improve the merit of chromatography as an on‐line analysis tool, we report herein a gas chromatography method that does not use consumable coolants such as liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide, and explored its application for providing pure permanent gases in an industrial setting.
Palladium(II) Complexes with N,N′‐Bidentate N‐Methyl‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)aniline and its Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Methyl Methacrylate Polymerization
Authors: Kim Sunghoon , Song Yujin , Lee Ha‐Jin , Jeon Jongho , Park Sang Hyun , Lee Hyosun
Published: October 2023

The N,N′‐bidentate [(
N
,
N
′)

PdCl2

] complexes [i.e., [

L
n
PdCl2

] (L
n
= L1–L5
)] were synthesized by the reaction of [Pd(

CH3CN

)

2Cl2

] with N‐methyl‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)aniline (
L1

) and its derivatives (
L2–L5

) in ethanol. The molecular structures of [

L
n
PdCl2

] (L
n
= L1–L3
) were characterized using X‐ray crystallography, which showed that the Pd atom in the Pd(II) complexes had a square planar geometry involving two nitrogen atoms of N,N′‐bidentate and two chlorido ligands. The complexes [

L
n
PdCl2

] (L
n
= L1–L5
) were investigated for methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) at 60 °C. Specifically, complex [

L1PdCl2

] showed moderate catalytic activity toward MMA polymerization with an activity of 3.03 × 104 g poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)/mol Pd·h and PMMA syndiotacticity (characterized by
1H NMR spectroscopy) of ~0.68.
Novel Fabrication of Au Nanoparticle Film on a Polyelectrolyte‐coated Glass for Efficient Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering#
Authors: Park Myungchan , Shin Kuan Soo , Lee Ji Won , Kim Kwan
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we report a novel method for the growth of gold nanoparticles on a polyelectrolyte‐coated glass and its application as a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. Gold nanoparticles were readily grown on a polyelectrolyte‐coated substrate using butylamine as the reductant of HAuCl4
. The Au nanoparticles formed on the polyelectrolyte‐coated substrate exhibited superior SERS activity compared to an electrochemically roughened Au substrate or a vacuum‐evaporated Au film. In addition, our Au substrate shows excellent reproducibility and noticeable stability as an SERS substrate. The proposed strategy is simple, cost effective, and reproducible for the mass production of gold nanoparticles films, irrespective of the type of the underlying substrates, which therefore are useful in the development of plasmonics and SERS‐based analytical devices.