bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Light on Sleep and Sleep-Related Physiological Factors Among Patients in Healthcare Facilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hadi Khatereh , Du Bose Jennifer R. , Choi Young-Seon
Published: February 2019

Objectives:

Lighting is one of the environmental factors which can improve patient sleep in healthcare environments. Due to the high degree of variation in study designs and results on this topic, the implications have been difficult to interpret. This review consolidates studies on the impact of bright light exposure on sleep to identify lighting conditions that can be applied and researched in future healthcare environments.

Methods:

We searched for peer-reviewed articles on the impact of light on sleep or sleep-related outcomes in healthcare settings. We provided detailed analysis of the direct links between light and sleep, and a more cursory analysis of links between light and sleep-related factors, from 34 articles which met our inclusion criteria.

Results:

The current state of the literature includes evidence on how various durations and intensities of morning, midday, and evening bright light exposure, as well as whole-day light exposure interventions can improve specific aspects of sleep. Lighting interventions differed in all attributes (illuminance levels, exposure time, exposure duration, and spectral qualities) but showed promising results in improving patients’ sleep.

Conclusions:

Short-term bright light exposure in the morning, up to 2 hr of moderate (3,000–10,000 lux) morning exposures, up to 4 hr of moderate evening exposure, and whole-day exposures to lower illuminance levels (<3,000 lux) can improve patient sleep outcomes. Based on new findings on the mechanism through which light impacts sleep, future studies should be more specific about the spectral qualities of light sources.
Decreased Antibiotic Utilization After Sinus Surgery in Cystic Fibrosis Patients With Lung Transplantation
Authors: Cheng Tracy Z. , Choi Kevin J. , Honeybrook Adam L. , Zakare-Fagbamila Rasheedat T. , Gray Alice L. , Snyder Laurie D. , Palmer Scott M. , Abi-Hachem Ralph , Jang David W.
Published: February 2019

Background

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have undergone lung transplantation frequently require hospitalizations and antibiotic treatments for respiratory tract infections. Although endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) improves sinonasal quality of life in CF patients, it is unclear if ESS offers additional benefit in terms of antibiotics for pulmonary infection, hospitalization, and pulmonary function.

Objective

To determine whether ESS impacts antibiotic use or hospitalizations for pulmonary indications or pulmonary function in CF patients after lung transplantation.

Methods

This is a single-institution retrospective study of all patients who underwent lung transplantation for CF from 2005 to 2017. Patients who underwent ESS at least 1 year after transplant were included. Paired bivariate analyses were performed to determine whether there was a difference in the frequency and length of hospitalizations for pulmonary indications, number of antibiotic courses (intravenous and oral) for pulmonary exacerbations, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) slope in the 6 months before versus after ESS. Perioperative antibiotics and hospitalizations were not included in the analyses. Least squares regression was utilized to analyze FEV1 trends.

Results

A total of 20 patients underwent 36 ESS during the study period. There was significantly higher antibiotic utilization in the 6 months before ESS (0.89 ± 1.03) compared to the 6 months after ESS (0.33 ± 0.53) ( P = .002). The frequency and length of hospitalizations, FEV1 slope, and FEV1 trend before and after ESS were not significantly different.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that ESS is associated with a reduction in the frequency of antibiotic utilization for respiratory tract infections in lung transplant recipients with CF. A prospective study is needed to investigate these relationships further.
Effects of training with elastic resistance versus conventional resistance on muscular strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lopes Jaqueline Santos Silva , Machado Aryane Flauzino , Micheletti Jéssica Kirsch , de Almeida Aline Castilho , Cavina Allysiê Priscila , Pastre Carlos Marcelo
Published: February 2019

Given the practicality and low cost of using elastic resistance in training for different populations and its effectiveness in a range of outcomes, a comparison with conventional devices could clarify and quantify the benefits provided by both mode. To compare the effects of resistance training with elastic devices (tubes and Thera-Bands) and conventional devices (weight machines and dumbbells) on the outcome muscular strength. A search was performed in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from the earliest records up to 20 December 2017. Data were pooled into a meta-analysis and described as standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (registration number: CRD42016042152). Eight studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated no superiority between the methods analyzed for upper limb (standardized mean difference = −0.011; 95% confidence interval = −0.40, 0.19; p = 0.48) or lower limb muscular strength (standardized mean difference = 0.09; 95% confidence interval = −0.18, 0.35; p = 0.52). Elastic resistance training is able to promote similar strength gains to conventional resistance training, in different population profiles and using diverse protocols.
Beyond mystery: Putting algorithmic accountability in context
Authors: Reddy Elizabeth , Cakici Baki , Ballestero Andrea
Published: February 2019

Critical algorithm scholarship has demonstrated the difficulties of attributing accountability for the actions and effects of algorithmic systems. In this commentary, we argue that we cannot stop at denouncing the lack of accountability for algorithms and their effects but must engage the broader systems and distributed agencies that algorithmic systems exist within; including standards, regulations, technologies, and social relations. To this end, we explore accountability in “the Generated Detective,” an algorithmically generated comic. Taking up the mantle of detectives ourselves, we investigate accountability in relation to this piece of experimental fiction. We problematize efforts to effect accountability through transparency by undertaking a simple operation: asking for permission to re-publish a set of the algorithmically selected and modified words and images which make the frames of the comic. Recounting this process, we demonstrate slippage between the “complication” of the algorithm and the obscurity of the legal and institutional structures in which it exists.
De Novo HER2 S310Y mutation associates with poor response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in activating EGFR-mutant NSCLC patient: A case report
Authors: Gao Fei , Wu Xiuyan , Wu Jie , Li Yanlin , Miao Zhibo , Song Lei
Published: February 2019

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are highly effective in treating lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations. However, intrinsic resistances of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) have been reported in 20%–30% of cases. The majority of patients who have primary resistance to EGFR-TKI harbor an insertion in EGFR exon 20 and T790M mutation. Other previously described primary resistance mechanisms include MET amplification, ALK fusion, and KRAS mutation. However, other primary resistance mechanisms have not been fully investigated. Here, we present a 68-year-old Chinese never smoke female with postoperative recurrence of bone and liver metastases after 3 years of surgery, exhibiting combined EGFR and HER2 S310Y mutation by next-generation sequencing panel analysis. The patient responded to gefitinib treatment poorly and showed progressive disease with rapid growth of lung and liver metastasis. This is the first report of activated EGFR mutation patient with a HER2 S310Y mutation had progressed on EGFR-TKI. We suggest that HER2 S310Y mutation probably leads to EGFR-TKI primary resistance in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
Evaluating the risk of popliteal artery injury in the all-inside meniscus repair based on the location of posterior meniscal lesions
Authors: Al-Fayyadh Mohamed Zubair Mohamed , Tan Harmony Chen Yang , Hui Teo Seow , Ali Mohamed Razif Bin Mohamed , Min Ng Wuey
Published: February 2019

The ‘all-inside’ meniscus repair is extremely useful technique in addressing tears at the far posterior horn of meniscus. However, this procedure may place the popliteal neurovascular bundle at risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of popliteal artery injury by the trajectory of anchor delivery instruments inserted through standard knee arthroscopic portals for the repair of the far posterior horn of meniscus tears. Standard arthroscopic portals were marked on five human cadaveric knees which were subsequently disarticulated. Axial photographs were taken after marking the 5 10, and 15 mm points from the meniscal root on the posterior horns of the menisci. The unsafe zones for meniscus repair at each of these points were identified on the photographs of knees by first drawing two lines from the edges of the popliteal artery and crossing at the respective points at the posterior horns. The points at which these lines meet a circular protractor applied to the center of each meniscus in the knee photograph were recorded as a range. The range signifies the unsafe zone for each respective point on the posterior horn of meniscus. The anterolateral arthroscopic portal fell within the unsafe zone of the 5 mm point on the posterior horn of lateral meniscus in three of the five knees and within the unsafe zone of the 10 mm point on the posterior horn of lateral meniscus in another two knees. A cautious approach should be practiced during the repair of tears located at these two points. None of the other points’ unsafe zones (lateral 15 mm, medial 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm points) coincided with the ipsilateral portal sites.

Level of evidence 5 (Human cadaveric study)
Reduction in foraminal height after lateral access surgery does not affect quality of life: A 2-year outcome study on lateral lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Jeremy Goh Keng Meng , Liow Ming Han Lincoln , Xu Sheng , Yeo William , Ling Zhixing Marcus , Soh Chee Cheong Reuben , Tan Seang Beng , Guo Chang Ming
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Reduction in neuroforaminal height (FH) may diminish the indirect decompression benefit that lateral access surgery (LAS) provides. However, the relationship between postoperative FH reduction in LAS and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes remains unclear.

Objectives:

To determine whether FH reduction affects HRQoL outcomes at 2-year follow-up.

Methods:

A retrospective review of 45 patients who underwent LAS for degenerative lumbar spine conditions was performed. The cohort was divided into two groups: maintenance (A) and reduction (B) in FH. Outcome measures included numerical pain rating scale (NPRS back and leg pain), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), North American Spine Society (NASS) score for neurogenic symptoms (NS), patient satisfaction, and expectation fulfilment for surgery. Mean disc height (DH), FH, and fusion were evaluated on plain radiographs. Radiological fusion was assessed with the Bridwell fusion classification. Unpaired student’s t-test was used to compare between groups and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction was used to determine differences between time intervals within each group.

Results:

The average pre-op mean FH was 16.9 ± 3.5 mm. Group A had 25 patients showing postoperative maintenance of FH (19.4 ± 3.3 mm to 20.2 ± 3.2 mm; 4% increase) at 2-year postsurgery while group B had 20 patients showing decrease in FH (21.1 ± 3.3 mm to 18.7 ± 3.5 mm; 11% decrease). Group A mean DH improved from 7.0 ± 2.0 mm to 10.3 ± 1.6 mm (47% increase). Group B mean DH improved from 6.8 ± 2.3 mm to 11.0 ± 3.0 mm (62% increase). There were no significant differences in NPRS, ODI, NASS, SF-36, and SF-36 MCS/PCS between groups at 2 years ( p > 0.05); 92% of group A and 85% of group B patients reported good satisfaction and fulfilment of expectations ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Despite an initial increase in FH after LAS surgery, 45% of patients had FH reduction at 2 years. However, FH reduction up to 11% did not affect short-term HRQoL outcomes.
Is anterior cruciate ligament graft rupture (after successful anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and return to sports) actually a graft failure or a re-injury?
Authors: Gupta Ravi , Malhotra Anubhav , Sood Munish , Masih Gladson David
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

The objective of this study is to discuss the fact that whether graft rupture after successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery is due to graft failure or re-injury to the reconstructed ACL.

Methods:

In total, 340 sportspersons, meeting our inclusion criteria, were assessed for rupture of ipsilateral ACL graft and ACL injury of the contralateral knee. Patients with ipsilateral ACL graft rupture were labelled as group 1, while those with contralateral ACL injury were labelled as group 2. Both groups were compared for potential risk factors for ACL injury, and statistical analysis was performed to study whether the graft acted as an additional risk factor.

Results:

Of the 340 sportspersons, 25 patients suffered a total of 26 injuries. Ipsilateral graft rupture rate was 2.4% (8 of 340) at a mean follow-up of 25.5 ± 40.57 months, and the contralateral ACL injury rate was 5.3% (18 of 340) at a mean follow-up of 18.11 ± 19.97 months, with an overall re-injury rate of 7.6%. Both groups were comparable for risk factors for ACL injury: age ( p = 0.255), gender ( p = 0.534), mode of re-injury ( p = 0.523), level of sports activity, type of graft used ( p = 0. 918), graft diameter ( p = 0.607), duration from injury to index surgery ( p = 0.492), duration from index surgery to re-injury ( p = 0.638), timing of return to sports after index surgery ( p = 0.303), duration of sporting activity before second injury ( p = 0.657), and Tegner’s level of sports activity ( p = 0.486).

Conclusion:

Because the rate of contralateral ACL injury is higher than the ipsilateral graft rupture and the risk factors for ACL injury are comparable in both groups at a follow-up period, which is suggestive of ligamentization of the graft, we suggest that it might be an ACL re-injury rather than graft failure. Level of Evidence: Level III (Retrospective cohort study)
Five-Second Squeeze Testing in 333 Professional and Semiprofessional Male Ice Hockey Players: How Are Hip and Groin Symptoms, Strength, and Sporting Function Related?
Authors: Wörner Tobias , Thorborg Kristian , Eek Frida
Published: February 2019

Background:

Hip and groin problems are just as common in ice hockey as they are in soccer. The 5-second squeeze test (5SST) is a valid indicator of hip- and groin-related sporting function (self-reported function) in soccer and is suggested to be interpreted according to a “traffic light” approach in guiding the early identification and management of affected players. It is currently unknown how the 5SST relates to self-reported function and muscle strength in ice hockey players.

Purpose:

To investigate correlations between the 5SST result, self-reported function, and hip muscle strength in ice hockey players. A further aim was to investigate the discriminative ability of the “traffic light” approach (numeric rating scale [NRS] score: 0-2 = green, 3-5 = yellow, 6-10 = red) regarding levels of self-reported function and strength.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Professional and semiprofessional male ice hockey players (N = 333) performed the 5SST and completed the Sport subscale of the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Bilateral adduction and abduction strength was measured using handheld dynamometry. Associations were estimated using Spearman rank-order correlations, and groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test or analysis of variance. Standardized effect sizes (ESs) for differences in strength (Hedges g) and self-reported function ( r) were provided.

Results:

The 5SST result was significantly correlated with self-reported function (rho, –0.319; P < .01) and hip muscle strength (rho, –0.157 to –0.305; P < .01). The HAGOS Sport scores differed significantly between all 3 traffic light groups (ES, 0.23-0.33; P ≤ .005). Players with an NRS score >2 (yellow or red light) had lower adduction (ES ≥ 0.75; P < .001) and abduction strength (yellow: ES, 0.30; P = .031) (red: ES, 0.51; P = .058) than players with a green light.

Conclusion:

The 5SST result was significantly correlated with self-reported function as well as hip muscle strength and was able to discriminate between the traffic light levels in ice hockey players. Players with a yellow or red light had reduced adduction and abduction strength compared with players with a green light (NRS score ≤2). Routine 5SSTs may allow the early identification of affected ice hockey players and indicate yellow and red light situations, in which players may benefit from load management and appropriate hip muscle strengthening.
Classroom Quality, Classroom Composition, and Age at Entry: Experiences in Early Childhood Education and Care and Single and Dual Language Learners’ German Vocabulary
Authors: Kohl Katharina , Willard Jessica A. , Agache Alexandru , Bihler Lilly-Marlen , Leyendecker Birgit
Published: February 2019

We examined independent and interactive links among three central characteristics of children’s experiences in early childhood education and care and the German receptive vocabulary of single language learners and dual language learners (DLLs). We allowed for possible differential effects depending on children’s language background. Our sample included 2,231 children ( n = 1,555 single language learners, n = 371 DLLs from families in which German was frequently spoken, n = 305 DLLs from families in which German was less frequently spoken). Children attended 177 classrooms in 95 early childhood education and care centers and were 30 to 80 months old. We found that classroom process quality predicted German vocabulary only for DLLs with low exposure to German in the family. An earlier age at entry was linked to a larger German vocabulary for all children, but the link was stronger for DLLs from families with low exposure to German. Classroom composition did not predict German vocabulary.
Factors Associated with Pediatric Dentists’ Choice of Amalgam: Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis Approach
Authors: Bakhurji E. , Scott T. , Sohn W.
Published: February 2019

Background:

The Minamata treaty (2013) enacted a globally binding agreement to phase down amalgam use, which may significantly affect dental care for underserved populations. To comply with the Minamata treaty, strategic approaches need to be implemented to reduce amalgam use while imposing minimal risk on the dental care of the underserved.

Objectives:

To establish strategic approaches to reduce amalgam use, the aim of this study is to use a marketing research analysis to determine which patient-related factors influence pediatric dentists’ choice of amalgam.

Methods:

A survey containing questions regarding amalgam use, perception about the environmental impact of amalgam waste, and hypothetical clinical scenarios of a child with dental caries with varying levels of caries risk and types of dental insurance was developed and pretested. Emails linked to an electronic survey were sent via Qualtrics to all active American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry members ( n = 5,101), followed by 3 reminders. Descriptive analysis and choice-based conjoint analysis were performed to investigate trade-offs between selected factors, using SAS version 9.3.

Results:

Of 892 (17.6%) replies, 850 responses were eligible for analysis. Only 385 (45%) respondents indicated using amalgam, and their responses were analyzed in the conjoint model. Respondents’ selection of amalgam varied between 8% and 28% across all the clinical scenarios, with most respondents choosing composite or stainless steel crowns. Conjoint analysis revealed that, while both caries risk and type of insurance affected respondents’ decision about amalgam use, caries risk was the driving factor in decision-making for using amalgam.

Conclusion:

These results underscore the importance of prevention and management of risk factors to successfully phase down amalgam use.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Our study applied the marketing research tool, choice-based conjoint analysis, to investigate the relative importance of different factors on dentists’ decision-making regarding amalgam use. This study should be of great interest to policy makers when developing strategic approaches to comply with the 2013 United Nations Environment Programme (a.k.a. Minamata treaty) policy recommendations for phase-down of dental amalgam.
Government Health Spending in India: Who Will Fund the Target of 2.5 Per Cent of GDP?
Authors: Ahuja Rajeev
Published: February 2019

India has set an ambitious goal of raising public health spending to 2.5 per cent of GDP by 2025. This is hardly comforting, given India’s track record of consistently missing the goals set previously in this regard. To avoid missing the goal this time around, it is necessary to have a good understanding of what it would take to achieve the goal. One of the important aspects in the realisation of this goal is how the financing responsibility will be shared between the centre and states. This has not been spelled out in the latest National Health Policy 2017. A counterfactual analysis provides some useful insights into the question of the split in financing responsibility between the centre and states. Specifically, we examine if the goal of 2.5 per cent of GDP were to be achieved in 2015–2016 itself, how this responsibility would have been split between the centre and states. The analysis suggests that while the states’ health spending would have doubled, the centre’s health spending would have more than tripled. More importantly, the centre’s share in total public health spending would have increased from 31 per cent to almost 42 per cent, indicating the need for centre’s health spending to grow faster than that of the states’ health spending. This result is significant in the wake of states getting greater say in prioritising their spending as reflected in the higher share for states in devolved central taxes, post-14th Finance Commission award.
Structural Analogy in Development and Climate Aid: The Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Syed Mahbubur
Published: February 2019

Both mitigation and adaptation require substantial investment. Since most of the climate vulnerable countries are from the developing part of the world, aid in any form helps them take action towards addressing the impact of climate change. This study investigated the largest seven donors of Bangladesh to analyse the flow of official development assistance (ODA) and the portion dedicated to climate change and related activities. A concurrent mixed method of inquiry was applied. Secondary quantitative data were collected from donors, organisations and the Government of Bangladesh, and a set of local experts was interviewed. This study has found that Bangladesh has invested about US$10 billion during the last 35 years in disaster-related risk and management, while the total aid amounts to around US$60 billion. Aid dedicated to climate change is very minimal compared to the total aid.
Length of Stay in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Does Day of Surgery Matter?
Authors: Osborne Jeffrey D , Bush Christopher J , Koueiter Denise M , Michael Wiater J
Published: February 2019

Purpose: With health-care utilization becoming an important factor in patient care, we investigated the effect that surgical day of week has on length of hospital stay (LOS) for shoulder arthroplasty patients.Methods: All patients undergoing primary anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty by a single surgeon on Monday, Wednesday, or Friday over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1784 patients met inclusion criteria. Demographics, LOS, and discharge disposition were recorded for all study participants.Results: The overall average LOS was 2.9 ± 1.8 days and was significantly longer for patients having surgery Friday (3.0 ± 1.9 days) versus Wednesday (2.7 ± 1.7 days, P = .002). For those discharged home, the mean LOS was 2.6 ± 1.3 days versus 4.3 ± 3.3 days for those discharged to extended care facilities (ECFs). Patients discharged to ECF with Friday surgery had a significantly longer LOS than Monday ( P = .028) and Wednesday ( P = .010) patients, with 30% of patients with Friday surgery being discharged postoperative day 4 versus 14% and 9% on Monday and Wednesday, respectively. LOS trended toward being longer for Friday surgery in the home disposition group but did not reach significance.Discussion: These results should be considered during surgical scheduling in order to minimize health-care expenditures. Patients at high risk for requiring ECF at discharge should be scheduled at the beginning of the week, while more resources are available to expedite their discharge.
Acute treatment of migraine with external trigeminal nerve stimulation: A pilot trial
Authors: Kuruvilla Deena , Mann Joseph I , Schoenen Jean , Penning Sophie
Published: February 2019

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to obtain efficacy data for external trigeminal nerve stimulation (e-TNS) in the acute treatment of migraine in patients using the device at home.

Methods:

This was a single-center, open-label trial conducted at the Rochester Clinical Research Center (Rochester, NY, USA). Patients who met International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition, criteria for migraine with and without aura for ≥1 year and having between 2 and 8 moderate or severe attacks per month were recruited. Patients were advised to treat one migraine attack of moderate to severe intensity that started less than 4 h earlier and was not treated with an acute migraine medication, with a 2-h e-TNS session. Primary outcome measures were pain freedom at 2 h and most bothersome migraine-associated symptom (MBS) freedom at 2 h. Secondary outcome measures were pain relief at 2 h, the absence of migraine-associated symptoms at 2 h, the use of rescue medication between 2 and 24 h, and sustained pain freedom at 24 h.

Results:

Fifty-nine subjects were included in the study, and among them, 48 subjects were eligible for the modified intention-to-treat analysis. After 2 h of e-TNS, 35.4% of the subjects were pain-free, 60.4% were MBS-free, 70.8% had pain relief, and 45.8% were free from all migraine-associated symptoms. Half of the subjects took rescue medication between 2 h and 24 h, and sustained pain freedom at 24 h was achieved for 25.0% of the subjects. Regarding safety, 15 patients reported adverse events, all minor and fully reversible, mainly forehead paresthesia.

Conclusions:

This study shows that e-TNS with the Cefaly® Acute Device is effective, well-tolerated, and safe for the acute treatment of migraine in patients using the device at home. A large, multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trial is needed to confirm this finding.
Clinical profile of SUNCT/SUNA in Japan: A clinic-based study
Authors: Kikui Shoji , Miyahara Junichi , Sugiyama Hanako , Yamakawa Kentaro , Kashiwaya Yoshihiro , Ishizaki Kumiko , Danno Daisuke , Takeshima Takao
Published: February 2019

Objectives:

This study aimed to report the clinical profiles of patients with short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)/short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic (SUNA) in a Japanese population by surveying those enrolled at a regional headache center in Japan.

Methods:

In this consecutive case series study, the clinical characteristics of patients with SUNCT (eight men, three women; mean age: 59.5 ± 20.5 years) and SUNA (five men, four women; mean age: 51.3 ± 18.4 years) who visited Tominaga Hospital from February 2011 to January 2017 were examined. Headaches were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third edition (ICHD-3) guidelines.

Results:

Brief clusters of separate attacks were reported by all patients. The mean duration of attacks was 91.9 ± 87.9 s. Ipsilateral rhinorrhea was observed in 9 of 20 (45.0%) cases and facial sweating was observed in 1 of 20 (5.0%) cases. An eminent response to lamotrigine was observed in 9 of 9 (100%) patients; however, adverse events were only reported in 2 of 9 (22.2%) cases. An intravenous infusion of lidocaine was demonstrated to be completely successful for short-term prevention in 5 of 6 (83.3%) SUNCT cases.

Conclusions:

Lamotrigine can successfully treat most patients, and intravenous lidocaine is useful for the short-term preventive therapy of severe recalcitrant attacks in Japanese patients with SUNCT/SUNA.
K-RAS Mutant Gene Found in Pancreatic Juice Activated Chromatin From Peri-ampullary Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Reza Joseph , Almodovar Alvin JO , Srivastava Milan , Veldhuis Paula P , Patel Swati , Fanaian Na’im , Zhu Xiang , Litherland Sally A , Arnoletti J Pablo
Published: February 2019

External pancreatic duct stents inserted after resection of pancreatic head tumors provide unique access to pancreatic juice analysis of genetic and metabolic components that may be associated with peri-ampullary tumor progression. For this pilot study, portal venous blood and pancreatic juice samples were collected from 17 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for peri-ampullary tumors. Portal vein circulating tumor cells (CTC) were isolated by high-speed fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for K-RAS exon 12 mutant gene expression ( K-RASmut). DNA, chromatin, and histone acetylated active chromatin were isolated from pancreatic juice samples by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and the presence of K-RASmut and other cancer-related gene sequences detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ChIP-Seq. Mutated K-RAS gene was detectable in activated chromatin in pancreatic juice secreted after surgical resection of pancreatic, ampullary and bile duct carcinomas and directly correlated with the number of CTC found in the portal venous blood ( P = .0453). ChIP and ChIP-Seq detected acetylated chromatin in peri-ampullary cancer patient juice containing candidate chromatin loci, including RET proto-oncogene, not found in similar analysis of pancreatic juice from non-malignant ampullary adenoma. The presence of active tumor cell chromatin in pancreatic juice after surgical removal of the primary tumor suggests that viable cancer cells either remain or re-emerge from the remnant pancreatic duct, providing a potential source for tumor recurrence and cancer relapse. Therefore, epigenetic analysis for active chromatin in pancreatic juice and portal venous blood CTC may be useful for prognostic risk stratification and potential identification of molecular targets in peri-ampullary cancers.
Evidence-Based Review of Smartphone Versus Paper Asthma Action Plans on Asthma Control
Authors: Murphy Julie A. , Heisser Jennifer M. , Montgomery McKenzie
Published: February 2019

Objective: To summarize and evaluate existing literature regarding the impact of mobile asthma action plans (MAAPs) versus written asthma action plans (WAAPs) on degree of asthma control. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched (2000-January 2019) using the term asthma action plan with each of the following: smartphone, computers, handheld, mobile applications, portable electronic application, portable software application, tablet, or technology. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The search was limited to cohort and randomized controlled trials examining MAAP versus WAAP data. Data extracted included the following: study design, population, intervention, control, outcomes related to asthma control, and potential biases assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Data Synthesis: Four of the 41 studies identified were included, each of which were randomized control trials. One study showed significant improvement using a non–asthma-specific assessment tool, 1 study showed improvement only for patients with uncontrolled asthma at baseline, and 2 studies showed no difference in asthma control scores. Overall risk of bias across all studies was low to moderate. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Health care providers should select an asthma action plan (AAP) format based on what the patient is most likely to understand and consistently use. Conclusions: Because of conflicting published data regarding the use of MAAPs versus WAAPs and risk of bias, it is unclear at this time whether one format of AAP is superior to the other for either adolescents or adults.
ELMO1 deficiency enhances platelet function
Authors: Patel Akruti , Kostyak John , Dangelmaier Carol , Badolia Rachit , Bhavanasi Dheeraj , Aslan Joseph E. , Merali Salim , Kim Soochong , Eble Johannes A. , Goldfinger Lawrence , Kunapuli Satya
Published: February 2019

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is an important signaling molecule that, once activated, leads to the generation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). We performed a proteomic screen to identify PIP3-interacting proteins in human platelets. Among these proteins, we found engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1), a scaffold protein with no catalytic activity. ELMO1 is expressed in platelets and interacts with active RhoG. However, the function of ELMO1 in platelets is not known. The focus of this study was to determine the function of ELMO1 in platelets utilizing ELMO1−/− mice. Platelet aggregation, granule secretion, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and thromboxane generation were enhanced in ELMO1−/− platelets in response to glycoprotein VI (GPVI) agonists but unaltered when a protease-activated receptor 4 agonist was used. The kinetics of spreading on immobilized fibrinogen was enhanced in ELMO1−/− platelets compared with wild-type (WT) littermate controls. This suggests that ELMO1 plays a role downstream of the GPVI and integrin αIIbβ3 pathway. Furthermore, whole blood from ELMO1−/− mice perfused over collagen exhibited enhanced thrombus formation compared with WT littermate controls. ELMO1−/− mice showed reduced survival compared with control following pulmonary embolism. ELMO1−/− mice also exhibited a shorter time to occlusion using the ferric-chloride injury model and reduced bleeding times compared with WT littermate controls. These results indicate that ELMO1 plays an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis in vivo. RhoG activity was enhanced in ELMO1−/− murine platelets compared with WT littermate controls in response to GPVI agonist. Together, these data suggest that ELMO1 negatively regulates GPVI-mediated thrombus formation via RhoG.
Effects of a health educational intervention on malaria knowledge, motivation, and behavioural skills: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Balami Ahmed Dahiru , Said Salmiah Md , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Mohd , Bachok Norsa’adah , Audu Bala
Published: February 2019

Background

The levels of insecticide-treated net use among pregnant women and uptake of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy, have been sub-optimal in Nigeria. Previous studies have reported positive correlations between knowledge, attitude and practice of malaria preventive measures. It has also been reported that information and motivation, act through a mediator (behavioural skills), to cause a health behaviour change. The aim of this study was as such to develop, implement, and assess the effects of a health educational intervention based on the information–motivation–behavioural skills (IMB) model on the levels of knowledge, motivation, and behavioural skills for ITN use and IPTp uptake among pregnant women in a hospital in north-eastern Nigeria.

Methods

This was a randomized controlled parallel-group trial in which 372 antenatal care attendees were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group after collecting baseline data using a structured questionnaire. The intervention group received a 4-h health education on malaria, guided by a module developed based on the IMB theory, while the control group received health education on breastfeeding for a similar duration and by the same facilitator. Follow-up data were subsequently collected at 2 months and at 4 months post-intervention using the same questionnaire. The generalized linear mixed models analysis was used to determine the between-group and within-group effects of the intervention. The intention-to-treat analysis was used after missing data had been replaced. This was followed by a sensitivity analysis, where the analyses were repeated without replacing the missing values.

Results

The intervention was significant in achieving a 12.75% (p < 0.001), 8.55% (p < 0.001), and 6.350% (p < 0.001) higher total knowledge, motivation, and behavioural skills scores respectively, for the intervention group over the control group. The sensitivity analysis revealed no great differences in the effect sizes, even when missing data were not replaced.

Conclusion

The intervention module was effective in improving knowledge, motivation and behavioural skills. It is as such recommended to be adopted and incorporated into the routine antenatal health education schedules. It is also recommended that booster doses of the module be given say 2 months after the first dose to sustain levels of motivation and behavioural skills.

Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR201610001823405. Registered 26 October 2016, http://www.pactr.org
RETRACTED ARTICLE: An empirical study on the relationship between China’s financial development and economic growth based on sensor technology
Authors: Wang Aidong
Published: February 2019

Since the reform and opening up, China’s economic growth and financial development have made remarkable achievements. Based on the macroeconomic data from 1992 to 2012, this paper studies the relationship between China’s financial development and economic growth from the perspective of empirical analysis. Based on the value at risk model, Granger causality test is carried out on the variables of financial development and economic growth to analyze the relationship of interaction. A vector error correction model is established to estimate the parameters of each variable. The interaction between variables is further analyzed. The conclusion is that there is a mutual promotion mechanism between finance and economy in China, and economic growth can significantly promote the level of financial deepening.
The Islamic faith and best interests
Authors: Two Jessica , Curtice Martin
Published: February 2019

This article reviews a 2017 Court of Protection case which assessed and decided issues relating to the Islamic faith and the Mental Capacity Act 2005. The case involved a 39-year-old Muslim man with learning difficulties. It centred on his ability to make decisions about two specific aspects of his faith – capacity for fasting and for the removal of pubic and axillary hair. The judgment describes how s.4 of the Act was applied in deciding these decisions under the doctrine of best interests. In doing so, it elucidates key principles which can be applied to similar cases of this and other faiths.

Declaration of interest

None.
Dietary intake of people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Teasdale Scott B. , Ward Philip B. , Samaras Katherine , Firth Joseph , Stubbs Brendon , Tripodi Elise , Burrows Tracy L.
Published: February 2019

Background

Severe mental illness (SMI) is thought to be associated with lower diet quality and adverse eating behaviours contributing towards physical health disparities. A rigorous review of the studies looking at dietary intake in psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder is lacking.

Aims

To conduct a systematic, comprehensive evaluation of the published research on dietary intake in psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder.

Method

Six electronic databases were searched for studies reporting on dietary intakes in psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder. Dietary-assessment methods, and dietary intakes, were systematically reviewed. Where possible, data was pooled for meta-analysis and compared with healthy controls.

Results

In total, 58 eligible studies were identified. People with SMI were found to have significantly higher dietary energy (mean difference 1332 kJ, 95% CI 487–2178 kJ/day, P = 0.002, g = 0.463) and sodium (mean difference 322 mg, 95% CI 174–490 mg, P < 0.001, g = 0.414) intake compared with controls. Qualitative synthesis suggested that higher energy and sodium intakes were associated with poorer diet quality and eating patterns.

Conclusions

These dietary components should be key targets for preventative interventions to improve weight and other physical health outcomes in people with SMI.

Declaration of interest

S.B.T. and E.T. have clinical dietitian appointments within the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District and do not receive any further funding.
LC3-associated phagocytosis at a glance
Authors: Heckmann Bradlee L. , Green Douglas R.
Published: February 2019

Classically, canonical autophagy has been considered a survival mechanism initiated in response to nutrient insufficiency. We now understand that autophagy functions in multiple scenarios where it is necessary to maintain homeostasis. Recent evidence has established that a variety of non-canonical functions for autophagy proteins are mechanistically and functionally distinct from autophagy. LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is one such novel function for autophagy proteins and is a contributor to immune regulation and inflammatory responses across various cell and tissue types. Characterized by the conjugation of LC3 family proteins to phagosome membranes, LAP uses a portion of the canonical autophagy machinery, following ligation of surface receptors that recognize a variety of cargos including pathogens, dying cells, soluble ligands and protein aggregates. However, instead of affecting canonical autophagy, manipulation of the LAP pathway in vivo alters immune activation and inflammatory responses. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we detail the divergence of this distinctive mechanism from that of canonical autophagy by comparing and contrasting shared and unique components of each pathway.
Organization of the Internal Control
Authors: Барышников Николай , Baryshnikov Nikolay
Published: February 2019

Th e article is devoted to the existing features of the organization of internal control, shows the role and importance of control, analyzes the modern forms of internal control. On the example of the agricultural organizations off ers on the organization of internal control on the basis of data of accounting and specifi cation of job responsibilities of workers are given.
Priorities of the Monetary Policy of Russia in 2019–2021
Authors: Смирнов Е. , Smirnov E.
Published: February 2019

Th e monetary policy of Russia for the three years of 2019–2021 provides for the maintenance of price stability, i.e. consistently low infl ation with any adverse events on the world market, including anti-Russian sanctions.
Audit and Management Accounting of Geological Risks
Authors: Ибрагимова А. , Ibragimova A.
Published: February 2019

Th e article reveals and systematizes modern approaches to the assessment of geological risks that are inevitable in the development of oil and gas fi elds. An attempt is made to link information about geological risks with the successful development of deposits in the information system of management accounting.
Profesor Witold Mańczak jako iberysta
Authors: Stala Ewa
Published: February 2019

The paper is devoted to the figure of Professor Witold Mańczak and his long-term collaboration with Hispanic studies in Cracow; hence the appearance of motifs related to his didactic and scientific work, but also a personal recollection of Professor as a teacher and a linguist. The paper is completed by a bibliography of those of his works which directly or indirectly discuss the Spanish language.
Collusion by Algorithm: Does Better Demand Prediction Facilitate Coordination Between Sellers?
Authors: Miklós-Thal Jeanine , Tucker Catherine
Published: February 2019

We build a game-theoretic model to examine how better demand forecasting resulting from algorithms, machine learning, and artificial intelligence affects the sustainability of collusion in an industry. We find that, although better forecasting allows colluding firms to better tailor prices to demand conditions, it also increases each firm’s temptation to deviate to a lower price in time periods of high predicted demand. Overall, our research suggests that, despite concerns expressed by policy makers, better forecasting and algorithms can lead to lower prices and higher consumer surplus.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Enteral nutrition and dietary modification in adult and paediatric Crohn's disease: a systematic review
Authors: Franqui Nicole R , Hewlings Susan J
Published: February 2019

Background:

Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes exacerbations of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, with secondary symptoms including malnutrition and weight loss. Its aetiology is related to genetics, the intestinal microbiome and environmental factors, and treatment aims to manage symptoms and induce remission.

Aims:

This systematic literature review considers the evidence for common dietary modifications and nutritional support for both adult and paediatric CD patients.

Methods:

PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for randomised control trials or others relating to diet and nutritional interventions in CD patients.

Results:

Eight articles were selected that met inclusion criteria. There was some limited evidence for the use in adults of low-FODMAP, gluten-free, IgG4-guided exclusion, low-residue, paleo and specific-carbohydrate diets. Only the specific-carbohydrate diet was studied in children. Partial and exclusive enteral nutrition were effective interventions in both populations, though more commonly used in children.

Conclusion:

In paediatric patients, enteral nutrition is the preferred treatment for severe CD. In adult CD, IgG4-exclusion diets are particularly likely to help induce remission. More research is needed before any conclusive recommendations can be made.
Management of radiation proctopathy: a focus on the role of endoscopy
Authors: McGoran John J , Robinson Richard
Published: February 2019

Chronic radiation proctopathy (CRP) affects a significant proportion of patients who undergo radiation treatment for cancer. It manifests in many ways, including pain, diarrhoea and rectal bleeding. It is often with rectal bleeding and related problems, such as anaemia, that these individuals present to the endoscopy department. Various treatments do exist for CRP. They include medical therapies, such as sucralfate or formalin enemas, endoscopic treatment and surgical intervention, which is reserved for refractory cases. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the mainstay of endoscopic treatment, but it can carry risks of ulceration and stricture formation. In response to this, other endoscopic therapies, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryotherapy, have been proposed and tried. This clinical review explores the available evidence and provides a guide to the decision-making process that a member of the endoscopy team may undergo in order to achieve a satisfactory outcome for the patient.