bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do medium and Context Matter when learning from multiple complementary Digital texts and videos?
Authors: Mason Lucia , Tarchi Christian , Ronconi Angelica , Manzione Lucia , Latini Natalia , Bråten Ivar
Published: September 2022

Students more than ever learn from online sources, such as digital texts or videos. Little research has compared processes and outcomes across these two mediums. Using a between-participants experimental design, this study investigated whether medium (texts vs. videos) and context (less authoritative vs. more authoritative), independently and in concert, affected students’ engagement, integrated understanding, and calibration. The two mediums presented identical information on the topic of social media, which was distributed across two complementary texts in the text condition and across two complementary videos in the video condition. In the less authoritative context, the two information sources (texts or videos) were posted by a friend on Facebook; in the more authoritative context, the same information sources (texts or videos) were posted by a professor on Moodle. Results showed a main effect of medium on behavioral engagement in terms of processing time, as students used longer time watching the two videos than reading the two digital texts. No other main medium or context effects were statistically significant; nor were there any interaction effects of medium with context on any of the outcome variables. The findings are discussed in light of the alternative hypotheses that guided the study and the directions it suggests for future research.
Mobile service robots for the operating room wing: balancing cost and performance by optimizing robotic fleet size and composition
Authors: Bernhard Lukas , Amalanesan Antony Francis , Baumann Oskar , Rothmeyer Florian , Hafner Yannic , Berlet Maximilian , Wilhelm Dirk , Knoll Alois
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Integrating fleets of mobile service robots into the operating room wing (OR wing) has the potential to help overcome staff shortages and reduce the amount of dull or unhealthy tasks for humans. However, the OR wing has been little studied in this regard and the requirements for realizing this vision have not yet been fully identified. This includes fundamental aspects such as fleet size and composition, which we have now studied comprehensively for the first time.

Methods

Using simulation, 150 different scenarios with varying fleet compositions, robot speeds and workloads were studied for a setup based on a real-life OR wing. The simulation included battery recharging cycles and queueing due to shared resources.

Results

For all simulated scenarios we report results regarding total duration of execution, average task response times and fleet utilization. The relationship between these performance measures and global scenario parameters—such as fleet size, fleet composition, robot velocity and the number of operating rooms to be served—is visualized.

Conclusion

Our simulation-based studies have proven to be a valuable tool for individualized dimensioning of mobile robotic fleets, based on realistic workflows and environmental models. Thereby, important implications for future developments of mobile robots have been identified and a basis of decision-making regarding fleet size, fleet composition, robot capabilities and robot velocities can be provided. Due to costs, space limitations and safety requirements, these aspects must be carefully considered to successfully integrate mobile robotic technology into real-world OR wing environments.
The Role of Props in Promoting Imagination during Toddlerhood
Authors: Yonzon Kulsum Chishti , Fleer Marilyn , Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Rai Prabhat
Published: September 2022

Knowing how children become oriented to imaginary play can help educators in centres better support development. But how this begins in the first years of life is not well understood. How toddlers transform through their imagination concrete objects (such as play accessories, figurines, and books) to become props in play (placeholders and pivots) for conveying meaning, remains low. Drawing upon cultural-historical theory, the study reported in this paper sought to understand the role of props for supporting the development of imagination during toddlerhood. Four toddlers aged 1.9–2.1 years from an early childhood centre in Australia were followed as they used objects as props during imaginary play. The study design was an educational experiment of a Conceptual Play World (CPW): a collective model of practice for developing play and imagination. Digital data of the CPW being implemented in the toddler room were collected through video recordings over two months. Thirteen hours of data were collected and analysed using the Vygotskian concepts of play and imagination. The findings revealed that through differentiated use of props, toddlers made transitions from the embodiment of the experience to sharing an intellectual and abstract space where objects became props in play, suggesting the genesis and development of early forms of imagination. The outcomes of the study advance theory and inform practice about the early development of imagination in toddlerhood.
Recommendations for a balanced approach to supporting academic integrity: perspectives from a survey of students, faculty, and tutors
Authors: Kier Cheryl A. , Ives Cindy
Published: September 2022

Maintaining academic integrity is a growing concern for higher education, increasingly so due to the pivot to remote learning in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We canvassed students, faculty, and tutors at an online Canadian university about their perspectives on academic integrity and misconduct. The survey asked how the university could improve policies concerning issues of academic integrity, how faculty and tutors handled cases of misconduct, about satisfaction with how academic violations were treated, and about the role of students, faculty, and tutors in encouraging academic integrity. As well, we collected suggestions from respondents for reducing cheating, addressing academic misconduct, and general ideas about academic integrity. The distinction between misconduct and integrity was not always clear in their comments. We received responses from 228 students and 73 faculty and tutors, generating hundreds of comments. In this paper we focus only on the answers to open-ended questions. Using content analysis, we categorized the replies into similar threads. After multiple iterations of analysis, we extracted three general recommendation groupings: Policy and Procedures, Compliance and Commitment, and Resources. Based on respondents’ views, we propose a balanced approach to supporting academic integrity. Although we conducted the study pre-COVID-19, the recommendations apply to current and future academic integrity practices in our context and beyond.
When Fixed and Random Effects Mismatch: Another Case of Inflation of Evidence in Non-Maximal Models
Authors: Veríssimo João
Published: September 2022

Mixed-effects models that include both fixed and random effects are widely used in the cognitive sciences because they are particularly suited to the analysis of clustered data. However, testing hypotheses about fixed effects in the presence of random effects is far from straightforward and a set of best practices is still lacking. In the target article, van Doorn et al. (Computational Brain & Behavior, 2022) examined how Bayesian hypothesis testing with mixed-effects models is impacted by particular model specifications. Here, I extend their work to the more complex case of multiple correlated predictors, such as a predictor of interest and a covariate. I show how non-maximal models can display ‘mismatches’ between fixed and random effects, which occur when a model includes random slopes for the effect of interest, but fails to include them for those predictors that correlate with the effect of interest. Bayesian model comparisons with synthetic data revealed that such mismatches can lead to an underestimation of random variance and to inflated Bayes factors. I provide specific recommendations for resolving mismatches of this type: fitting maximal models, eliminating correlations between predictors, and residualising the random effects. Data and code are publicly available in an OSF repository at https://osf.io/njaup.
A dataset of temperature, humidity, and liquid water path retrievals from a network of ground-based microwave radiometers dedicated to fog investigation
Authors: Martinet Pauline , Unger Vinciane , Burnet Frédéric , Georgis Jean-François , Hervo Maxime , Huet Thierry , Löhnert Ulrich , Miller Eugene , Orlandi Emiliano , Price Jeremy , Schröder Mathias , Thomas Guillaume
Published: September 2022

The database presented in this study has been acquired during the SOuth west FOGs 3D (SOFOG3D) experiment for processes study. This international campaign led by Météo-France during the winter 2019–2020 aimed at deploying a unique network of both in situ and remote sensing measurements in order to document spatial and temporal variabilities of fog events. To support this scientific objective but also to conduct first data assimilation experiments within the French convective scale model AROME, an un-precedented network of 8 ground-based microwave radiometers (MWR) has been deployed in 7 different locations known to be prone to fog occurrences. The database gives access to vertical profiles of temperature and humidity (both absolute and relative) from the surface up to 10 km altitude as well as integrated water vapor and liquid water path estimates. The retrieved profiles offer a very large database that can be exploited for several scientific purposes: fog process studies at specific location, documentation on the variability of fog properties at the regional scale, better understanding of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height and dynamics during wintertime conditions, development of nowcasting products dedicated to fog alerts, data assimilation experiments to improve fog forecasts, development of synergetical advanced products, and evaluation of new model configurations with advanced parameterization or resolutions.
Establishment of hospital resilience framework in urban China: insight from Wuhan City
Authors: Jin Annan , Li Gang , Yu Yue , Wang Jiaobei , Nie Qifan
Published: September 2022

Since the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept the world, many countries face a problem that is a shortage of medical resources. The role of emergency medical facilities in response to the epidemic is beginning to arouse public attention, and the construction of the urban resilient emergency response framework has become the critical way to resist the epidemic. Today, China has controlled the domestically transmitted COVID-19 cases through multiple emergency medical facilities and inclusive patient admission criteria. Most of the existing literature focuses on case studies or characterizations of individual facilities. This paper constructs an evaluation system to measure urban hospital resilience from the spatial perspective and deciphered the layout patterns and regularities of emergency medical facilities in Wuhan, the city most affected by the epidemic in China. Findings indicate that the pattern of one center and two circles are a more compelling layout structure for urban emergency medical facilities in terms of accessibility and service coverage for residents. Meanwhile, the Fangcang shelter hospital has an extraordinary performance in terms of emergency response time, and it is a sustainable facility utilization approach in the post-epidemic era. This study bolsters areas of the research on the urban resilient emergency response framework. Moreover, the paper summarizes new medical facilities’ planning and location characteristics and hopes to provide policy-makers and urban planners with valuable empirical evidence.
Between Community and Collaboration
Authors: Vastenhout Laurien
Published: September 2022

The first comprehensive, comparative study of the 'Jewish Councils' in the Netherlands, Belgium and France during Nazi rule. In the postwar period, there was extensive focus on these organisations' controversial role as facilitators of the Holocaust. They were seen as instruments of Nazi oppression, aiding the process of isolating and deporting the Jews they were ostensibly representing. As a result, they have chiefly been remembered as forms of collaboration. Using a wide range of sources including personal testimonies, diaries, administrative documents and trial records, Laurien Vastenhout demonstrates that the nature of the Nazi regime, and its outlook on these bodies, was far more complex. She sets the conduct of the Councils' leaders in their prewar and wartime social and situational contexts and provides a thorough understanding of their personal contacts with the Germans and clandestine organisations. Between Community and Collaboration reveals what German intentions with these organisations were during the course of the occupation, and allows for a deeper understanding of the different ways in which the Holocaust unfolded in each of these countries.
Divine Guidance
Authors: Moser Paul K.
Published: September 2022

If God exists and is perfectly good, God tries to guide people. A twofold question then arises: How does God (try to) guide people, and to what end? Problems of divine guidance for humans, according to this volume, are real and serious, but they are manageable once we clarify the kind of God at issue. According to the volume's main thesis, if God has a perfect moral character accompanied by certain redemptive purposes for humans, the puzzling nature of divine guidance for them need not preclude the reality of such guidance. It is, this volume contends, a live option for God to guide or lead humans toward goodness, even if the leading is not fully explainable by humans. The voluntary moral attraction of cooperative humans by divine goodness is central to divine guidance, and it can illuminate the kind of evidence to be expected from God.
Quenched and annealed equilibrium states for random Ruelle expanding maps and applications
Authors: STADLBAUER MANUEL , VARANDAS PAULO , ZHANG XUAN
Published: September 2022

We find generalized conformal measures and equilibrium states for random dynamics generated by Ruelle expanding maps, under which the dynamics exhibits exponential decay of correlations. This extends results by Baladi [Correlation spectrum of quenched and annealed equilibrium states for random expanding maps. Comm. Math. Phys.186 (1997), 671–700] and Carvalho et al [Semigroup actions of expanding maps. J. Stat. Phys.116(1) (2017), 114–136], where the randomness is driven by an independent and identically distributed process and the phase space is assumed to be compact. We give applications in the context of weighted non-autonomous iterated function systems, free semigroup actions and introduce a boundary of equilibria for not necessarily free semigroup actions.
Phoresis in cellular flows: from enhanced dispersion to blockage
Authors: Volk Romain , Bourgoin Michaël , Bréhier Charles-Édouard , Raynal Florence
Published: September 2022

In this article, we study numerically the dispersion of colloids in a two-dimensional cellular flow in the presence of an imposed mean salt gradient. Owing to the additional scalar, the colloids do not follow exactly the Eulerian flow field, but have a (small) extra-velocity proportional to the salt gradient,

$\boldsymbol {v}_{dp}=\alpha \boldsymbol {\nabla } S$

, where

$\alpha$

is the phoretic constant and

$S$

the salt concentration. We study the demixing of an homogenous distribution of colloids and how their long-term mean velocity

$\boldsymbol {V_m}$

and effective diffusivity

$D_{eff}$

are influenced by the phoretic drift. We observe two regimes of colloids dynamics depending on a blockage criterion

$R=\alpha G L/\sqrt {4 D_cD_s}$

, where

$G$

is the mean salt gradient amplitude,

$L$

the length scale of the flow and

$D_c$

and

$D_s$

the molecular diffusivities of colloids and salt. When

$R<1$

, the mean velocity is strongly enhanced with

$V_m \propto \alpha G \sqrt {Pe_s}$

,

${Pe}_s$

being the salt Péclet number. When

$R > 1$

, the compressibility effect due to the phoretic drift is so strong that a depletion of colloids occurs along the separatrices inhibiting cell-to-cell transport.
A NOTE ON AN ASYMPTOTIC VERSION OF A PROBLEM OF MAHLER
Authors: FRANCISCO RICARDO , MARQUES DIEGO
Published: September 2022

We prove that for any infinite sets of nonnegative integers
$\mathcal {A}$
and
$\mathcal {B}$
, there exist transcendental analytic functions
$f\in \mathbb {Z}\{z\}$
whose coefficients vanish for any indexes
$n\not \in \mathcal {A}+\mathcal {B}$
and for which
$f(z)$
is algebraic whenever z is algebraic and
$|z|<1$
. As a consequence, we provide an affirmative answer for an asymptotic version of Mahler’s problem A.
Automatic Alignment of an Orbital Angular Momentum Sorter in a Transmission Electron Microscope Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Rosi Paolo , Clausen Alexander , Weber Dieter , Tavabi Amir H. , Frabboni Stefano , Tiemeijer Peter , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Rotunno Enzo , Grillo Vincenzo
Published: September 2022

We report on the automatic alignment of a transmission electron microscope equipped with an orbital angular momentum sorter using a convolutional neural network. The neural network is able to control all relevant parameters of both the electron-optical setup of the microscope and the external voltage source of the sorter without input from the user. It can compensate for mechanical and optical misalignments of the sorter, in order to optimize its spectral resolution. The alignment is completed over a few frames and can be kept stable by making use of the fast fitting time of the neural network.
Application of Orthogonal Polynomial Fitting Method to Extract Gravity Wave Signals From AIRS Data Related to Typhoon Deep Convection
Authors: Li Zi‐Liang , Niu Ya‐Ping
Published: September 2022

Gravity waves can influence weather and climate patterns on various temporal and spatial scales in the atmosphere. Despite their recognized importance, there are clearly a lack of sufficient and accurate observations from currently available satellite observing systems to satisfy the requirements of many satellite users. Common method to detect gravity waves is to measure brightness temperature (BT) anomalies, which rely on an initial efficient background removal method. Before gravity waves can be extracted from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder raw radiances, Hoffmann and Alexander (2010, http://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014401) used a fourth‐order polynomial fitting (4PF) method to remove the background variations. In this study, we propose a new strategy, an optimal orthogonal polynomial fitting (OPF) method using Chebyshev Polynomials as basis functions, to remove the background variations and estimate BT perturbations. By extending the classic 4PF method to the fifth‐order polynomial fitting (5PF) method and combining the Cressman interpolation method, some experiments are designed to validate the feasibility and superiority of the OPF method. The results show that OPF is the optimal method to remove the limb‐brightening effect in the extraction of gravity wave signals generated by typhoons. In addition, what we noticed is that an appropriate fitting orders have to be selected to get more accurate BT anomalies signals in the experiments to extract gravity wave signals.
Variability of strain engraftment and predictability of microbiome composition after fecal microbiota transplantation across different diseases
Authors: Ianiro Gianluca , Punčochář Michal , Karcher Nicolai , Porcari Serena , Armanini Federica , Asnicar Francesco , Beghini Francesco , Blanco-Míguez Aitor , Cumbo Fabio , Manghi Paolo , Pinto Federica , Masucci Luca , Quaranta Gianluca , De Giorgi Silvia , Sciumè Giusi Desirè , Bibbò Stefano , Del Chierico Federica , Putignani Lorenza , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Gasbarrini Antonio , Valles-Colomer Mireia , Cammarota Giovanni , Segata Nicola
Published: September 2022

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is highly effective against recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and is considered a promising treatment for other microbiome-related disorders, but a comprehensive understanding of microbial engraftment dynamics is lacking, which prevents informed applications of this therapeutic approach. Here, we performed an integrated shotgun metagenomic systematic meta-analysis of new and publicly available stool microbiomes collected from 226 triads of donors, pre-FMT recipients and post-FMT recipients across eight different disease types. By leveraging improved metagenomic strain-profiling to infer strain sharing, we found that recipients with higher donor strain engraftment were more likely to experience clinical success after FMT (P = 0.017) when evaluated across studies. Considering all cohorts, increased engraftment was noted in individuals receiving FMT from multiple routes (for example, both via capsules and colonoscopy during the same treatment) as well as in antibiotic-treated recipients with infectious diseases compared with antibiotic-naïve patients with noncommunicable diseases. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria species (including Bifidobacteria) displayed higher engraftment than Firmicutes except for six under-characterized Firmicutes species. Cross-dataset machine learning predicted the presence or absence of species in the post-FMT recipient at 0.77 average AUROC in leave-one-dataset-out evaluation, and highlighted the relevance of microbial abundance, prevalence and taxonomy to infer post-FMT species presence. By exploring the dynamics of microbiome engraftment after FMT and their association with clinical variables, our study uncovered species-specific engraftment patterns and presented machine learning models able to predict donors that might optimize post-FMT specific microbiome characteristics for disease-targeted FMT protocols.
Development of process analytical tools for rapid monitoring of live virus vaccines in manufacturing
Authors: Yi Sijia , McCracken Reilly , Davide Joseph , Salovich Daniel Ryan , Whitmer Travis , Bhat Aditya , Vlasak Josef , Ha Sha , Sehlin Darrell , Califano Joseph , Ploeger Kristin , Mukherjee Malini
Published: September 2022

In the development of end-to-end large-scale live virus vaccine (LVV) manufacturing, process analytical technology (PAT) tools enable timely monitoring of critical process parameters (CPP) and significantly guide process development and characterization. In a commercial setting, these very same tools can enable real time monitoring of CPPs on the shop floor and inform harvest decisions, predict peak potency, and serve as surrogates for release potency assays. Here we introduce the development of four advanced PAT tools for upstream and downstream process monitoring in LVV manufacturing. The first tool explores the application of capacitance probes for real time monitoring of viable cell density in bioreactors. The second tool utilizes high content imaging to determine optimum time of infection in a microcarrier process. The third tool uses flow virometry (or nanoscale flow cytometry) to monitor total virus particle counts across upstream and downstream process steps and establishes a robust correlation to virus potency. The fourth and final tool explores the use of nucleic acid dye staining to discriminate between “good” and “damaged” virus particles and uses this strategy to also monitor virus aggregates generated sometimes during downstream processing. Collectively, these tools provide a comprehensive monitoring toolbox and represent a significantly enhanced control strategy for the manufacturing of LVVs.
Transport barrier onset and edge turbulence shortfall in fusion plasmas
Authors: Dif-Pradalier Guilhem , Ghendrih Philippe , Sarazin Yanick , Caschera Elisabetta , Clairet Frédéric , Camenen Yann , Donnel Peter , Garbet Xavier , Grandgirard Virginie , Munschy Yann , Vermare Laure , Widmer Fabien
Published: September 2022

Magnetic confinement fusion offers the promise of sustainable and safe energy production on Earth. Advanced experimental scenarios exploit the fascinating yet uncommon ability of confined plasmas to bifurcate into states of enhanced performance upon application of additional free energy sources. Self-regulation of small-scale turbulent eddies is essential to accessing these improved regimes. However, after several decades, basic principles for these bifurcations are still largely debated and clarifications from first principles lacking. We show here, computed from the primitive kinetic equations, establishment of a state of improved confinement through self-organisation of plasma microturbulence. Our results highlight the critical role of the interface between plasma and material boundaries and demonstrate the importance of propagation of turbulence activity beyond regions of convective drive. These observations strongly suggest a paradigm shift where the magnetised plasma at the onset of enhanced performance self-organises into a globally critical state, ‘nonlocally’ controlled by fluxes of turbulence activity.
Microneedle patch with “spongy coating” to co-load multiple drugs to treat multidrug-resistant melanoma
Authors: Li Xinfang , Yu Weijiang , Yang Jingshuang , Chen Yonghang , Qian Xuedan , Wang Jing , Wang Youxiang , Ji Jian
Published: September 2022

Microneedle Patch with porous spongy coating could achieve the synergistic administration of SAHA and CBP for treatment of multidrug-resistant melanoma.
“Nano effects”: a review on nanoparticle-induced multifarious systemic effects on cancer theranostic applications
Authors: Ravichandran Gayathri , Yadav Dokkari Nagalaxmi , Murugappan Sivasubramanian , Sankaranarayanan Sri Amruthaa , Revi Neeraja , Rengan Aravind Kumar
Published: September 2022

The advent of nanotechnology has broadened the scope of technological advances in both medical and industrial applications.
Ion-specific nanoscale compaction of cysteine-modified poly(acrylic acid) brushes revealed by 3D scanning force microscopy with frequency modulation detection
Authors: Yamamoto Akihisa , Ikarashi Takahiko , Fukuma Takeshi , Suzuki Ryo , Nakahata Masaki , Miyata Kazuki , Tanaka Motomu
Published: September 2022

Using three-dimensional scanning force microscopy (3D-SFM) combined with frequency modulation detection, we detected the cadmium ion-specific nanoscale compaction of poly(acrylic acid) brushes modified with cysteine.
Ru doped CoP nanosheets for efficient hydrogen evolution in microbial electrolysis cells
Authors: Dai Ling , Jia Chunguang , Liu Bowen , Wen Zhenhai , Li Kangkang , Ci Suqin
Published: September 2022

The Ru/CoP nanohybrids was developed as potential cathode catalyst of microbial electrolysis cell for H2generation.
Engineering of Bi–S3 and sulfur-vacancy dual sites for efficient photocatalytic N-alkylation of amines
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Yan , Zhang Jiangwei , Chen Qingqing , Fang Kai , Mao Junjie
Published: September 2022

We have developed dual sites of Bi–S3 and sulfur-vacancies to rationally tune the separation pathway for photo-generated carriers to achieve the photocatalytic cascade reaction of the alcohol-based alkylation reaction.
Light-driven microrobots: capture and transport of bacteria and microparticles in a fluid medium
Authors: Debata Srikanta , Kherani Nomaan Alam , Panda Suvendu Kumar , Singh Dhruv Pratap
Published: September 2022

Light-driven microrobots are shown to capture/transport the bacteria as well as microparticles. The overall activity and swimming path can be controlled by tuning the light conditions and applying the uniform external magnetic field respectively.
Inkjet printing for scalable and patterned fabrication of halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices
Authors: Duan Yongqing , Zhang Guannan , Yu Rui , Zhang Hanyuan , Niu Guangda , Huang YongAn , Yin Zhouping
Published: September 2022

Advances and challenges in patterning of perovskite materials and fabrication of optoelectronic devices using IJP technologies are presented.
Self-adhesive, self-healing, conductive organogel strain sensors with extreme temperature tolerance
Authors: Dai Tianyi , Wang Jing , Wu Hao , Lin Yankun , Zhang Xumin , Ye Mingyu , Wang Jingyi , Jia Hongbing
Published: September 2022

A strain sensor with harsh temperature tolerance, good self-healing ability, self-adhesion, and super elongation at break is constructed based on PEO organogels.
Adaptive physical-constraints-preserving unstaggered central schemes for shallow water equations on quadrilateral meshes
Authors: Dong Jian , Qian Xu , Song Songhe
Published: September 2022

A well-balanced and positivity-preserving adaptive unstaggered central scheme for two-dimensional shallow water equations with nonflat bottom topography on irregular quadrangles is presented. The irregular quadrilateral mesh adds to the difficulty of designing unstaggered central schemes. In particular, the integral of the source term needs to subtly be dealt with. A new method of discretizing the source term for the well-balanced property is proposed, which is one of the main contributions of this work. The spacial second-order accuracy is obtained by constructing piecewise bilinear functions. Another novelty is that we introduce a strong-stability-preserving Unstaggered-Runge–Kutta method to improve the accuracy in time integration. Adaptive moving mesh strategies are introduced to couple with the current unstaggered central scheme. The well-balanced property is still valid. The positivity-preserving property can be proved when the cells shrink. We prove that the current adaptive unstaggered central scheme can obtain the stationary solution (“lake at rest” steady solutions) and guarantee the water depth to be nonnegative. Several classical problems of shallow water equations are shown to demonstrate the properties of the current numerical scheme.
Electrochemical Intramolecular Oxidative C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H Coupling for the Synthesis of 4-Quinolones
Authors: Wu Jiwei , Jin Kejun , Wang Ruiyou , Wang Xingyu , Yu Xiaoxiao , Zhong Liangcheng , Liu Jianguo
Published: September 2022

An efficient electrochemical approach for the synthesis of 4-quinolones via intramolecular C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H cross-coupling has been developed under metal- and external oxidant-free conditions. This electrochemical approach provides a simple and efficient route to construct useful 4-quinolone derivatives in moderate to good yields.
Serum Uromodulin in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus and Controls: Its Potential Role in Kidney Health
Authors: Schiel Ralf , Block Mathias , Steveling Antje , Stein Günter , Lücking Sarah , Scherberich Jürgen
Published: September 2022

Introduction Uromodulin is a kidney-specific tubular protein, and its
assessment in serum (sUMOD) reveals the potential as a novel marker for function
and the integrity of renal parenchymal cells and does not directly depend on the
glomerular filtration rate. Early diabetic nephropathy parallels glomerular
hyperfiltration, often leading to diagnostic misinterpretation. Moreover,
traditional kidney function markers are not able to diagnose structural lesions.
Recent data show that sUMOD is linked to glucose intolerance in adults. Thus, we
launched to assess the hypothesis that sUMOD is also associated with kidney
function, biometric data, and quality of metabolic control in
children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Patients and methods Patients with type 1 diabetes (n=135) and
healthy controls (n=69) were recruited to participate in the trial.
Clinical, biometrical data, sUMOD, and other laboratory parameters were
assessed.

Results The mean concentrations of sUMOD in diabetic patients and controls
were comparable (201.19±103.22 vs.
198.32±84.27 ng/mL, p=0.832). However, in
contrast to healthy controls, sUMOD levels in patients with diabetes were
associated with serum-creatinine (r=−0.368, p<0.0001),
age (r=−0.350, p<0.0001), height
(r=−0.379, p<0.0001), body weight
(r=−0.394, p<0.0001), Body mass index
(r=−0.292, p=0.001), daily insulin dosage
(r=−0.300, p<0.0001), HbA1c (%)
(r=−0.190, p=0.027), standardized HbA1c/IFCC
(mmol/mol) (r=−0.189, p=0.028), and systolic
(r=−0.299, p<0.0001) and diastolic
(r=−0.235, p=0.006) arterial blood pressure.

Conclusions Our study shows that children/adolescents with type 1
diabetes disclose similar sUMOD concentrations as healthy controls. Serum UMOD
appears to indicate higher risks for kidney tissue remodeling and possibly
subsequent cardiovascular alterations. However, further studies are mandatory to
settle these findings.
Therapeutic Bronchoscopy for Lung Nodules: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Folch Erik , Guo Yanglin , Senitko Michal
Published: September 2022

Lobar resection has been the established standard of care for peripheral early-stage non—small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Over the last few years, surgical lung sparing approach (sublobar resection [SLR]) has been compared with lobar resection in T1N0 NSCLC. Three nonsurgical options are available in those patients who have a prohibitive surgical risk, and those who refuse surgery: stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), percutaneous ablation, and bronchoscopic ablation. Local ablation involves placement of a probe into a tumor, and subsequent application of either heat or cold energy, pulsing electrical fields, or placement of radioactive source under an image guidance to create a zone of cell death that encompasses the targeted lesion and an ablation margin. Despite being in their infancy, the bronchoscopic ablative techniques are undergoing rapid research, as they extrapolate a significant knowledge-base from the percutaneous techniques that have been in the radiologist's armamentarium since 2000. Here, we discuss selected endoscopic and percutaneous thermal and non-thermal therapies with the focus on their efficacy and safety.
Resection of Femoral Head–Neck Junction Osteoid Osteoma via Minimally Invasive Direct Anterior Approach: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Mortazavi SM Javad , Moharrami Alireza , Razzaghof Mohammadreza , Kaseb Mohammad Hasan , Shafiei Hossein , Ghasemi Mohammad Ali , Jamshidi Seyed Mir Mansour Moazen
Published: September 2022

Our aim was to introduce a new minimally invasive approach for surgical excision of femoral head–neck junction osteoid osteoma (FHNJOO) and review the available literature regarding its clinical manifestations and treatment methods. We included nine patients with FHNJOO in this series, who underwent resection via the minimally invasive direct anterior approach (DAA), from January 2010 to 2013. The functional outcomes were hip range of motion (ROM), visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), and Harris hip score (HHS), which were assessed pre- and postoperatively at 3 months at the last follow-up. We had nine patients with a mean age of 17.25 ± 6.75 years. The mean diagnosis delay was 23.56 ± 4.67 months. We had a mean follow-up of 93.67 ± 18.02 months. The hip ROM, VAS, and HHS were significantly improved from 97.78 ± 8.70 degrees to 121.11 ± 4.86 degrees, 63.93 ± 10.47 to 99.11 ± 1.76 degrees, and 7.3 ± 1.5 to 0.1 ± 0.3 degrees at 3-month and the last follow-up, respectively (p < 0.001). We observed no recurrence or complications. The minimally invasive DAA approach for surgical resection of FHNJOO can provide immediate pain relief and improve hip functional scores with no complication or recurrence on long-term follow-up. It provides easy and complete access to the lesion and causes no morbidity due to minimal dissection.
Pulmonary Embolism and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Bertoletti Laurent , Couturaud Francis , Sanchez Olivier , Jimenez David
Published: September 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent and devastating chronic respiratory disease. COPD is ranked among the top five causes of death worldwide. Patients with COPD suffer from persistent dyspnea, with periods of acute worsening, called exacerbations. Such exacerbations may be severe. In fact, one-third of COPD patients will be hospitalized because of an exacerbation. Hospitalization due to respiratory failure has been identified as a powerful predisposing risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) for many years. Therefore, COPD is recognized as a moderate risk factor for VTE, with an odds ratio between 2 and 9, similar to other risk factors such as estrogen-containing contraceptives or (any) cancer. However, unlike other risk factors such as contraception, the presence of COPD can modify the initial presentation of VTE and worsen the short-term prognosis of patients who have acute pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly during a COPD exacerbation. It is not only that both stable COPD and acute exacerbations of COPD might increase the risk of VTE, but PE itself may mimic the symptoms of a COPD exacerbation. Hence, some authors have evaluated the prevalence of PE among COPD patients with acute worsening. This clinical review (1) gives an update on epidemiological data, clinical presentation, and prognosis of PE associated with COPD; (2) presents the results of the Prevalence de l'Embolie Pulmonaire chez les patients admis pour exacerbation de BPCO study, which aimed at determining the frequency of PE in COPD patients hospitalized for an acute exacerbation; (3) discusses the results of the Significance of Pulmonary Embolism in COPD Exacerbations study, the first randomized trial having compared the efficacy of a systematic search for PE versus routine care on admission for a COPD exacerbation; and (4) provides a selection of remaining unmet needs on the association between COPD and PE.
Primary Intracranial Choriocarcinoma in the Suprasellar Region: A Case Report
Authors: Vargas Bryan Camilo , de la Maza María Verónica , Aracena Joaquín
Published: September 2022

A 17-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with history of headache, nausea, and visual field disturbances for about a year. A suprasellar tumor was found by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Biopsy of this lesion showed primary intracranial choriocarcinoma on histopathological examination. The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level was measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after the biopsy, and was elevated in both. The patient went into chemotherapy and surgery with no complications or recurrence. If young patients present with a suprasellar lobulated mass with hemorrhage, the serum hCG level should be measured before surgery.
Using television series to teach comparative and European politics
Authors: Stenberg Matthew , Switek Niko
Published: September 2022

Despite increasing access to high quality television (TV) series in the golden age of television, political scientists (and especially scholars of comparative politics) have not systematically considered the possibilities that television series might offer for instruction. This article aims to fill this gap by illustrating the opportunities for teaching political science using TV series and outlining ways of integrating television series into the classroom using selected clips, screening full episodes, or using an entire series as a text. We then illustrate these methods by discussing ways that television series might be used in a typical introductory course on European politics.
Who wins the race near the interface? Stratification of colloids, nano-surfactants, and others
Authors: Li Yifan , Marander Matthew , Mort Rebecca , Liu Fei , Yong Xin , Jiang Shan
Published: September 2022

The diffusion of colloids, nanoparticles, and small molecules near the gas–liquid interface presents interesting multiphase transport phenomena and unique opportunities for understanding interactions near the surface and interface. Stratification happens when different species preside over the interfaces in the final dried coating structure. Understanding the principles of stratification can lead to emerging technologies for materials’ fabrication and has the potential to unlock innovative industrial solutions, such as smart coatings and drug formulations for controlled release. However, stratification can be perplexing and unpredictable. It may involve a complicated interplay between particles and interfaces. The surface chemistry and solution conditions are critical in determining the race of particles near the interface. Current theory and simulation cannot fully explain the observations in some experiments, especially the newly developed stratification of nano-surfactants. Here, we summarize the efforts in the experimental work, theory, and simulation of stratification, with an emphasis on bridging the knowledge gap between our understanding of surface adsorption and bulk diffusion. We will also propose new mechanisms of stratification based on recent observations of nano-surfactant stratification. More importantly, the discussions here will lay the groundwork for future studies beyond stratification and nano-surfactants. The results will lead to the fundamental understanding of nanoparticle interactions and transport near interfaces, which can profoundly impact many other research fields, including nanocomposites, self-assembly, colloidal stability, and nanomedicine.
Two-dimensional semimetal states in transition metal trichlorides: A first-principles study
Authors: Yu Yawei , Xie Xiao , Liu Xiaobiao , Li Jia , Peeters François M. , Li Linyang
Published: September 2022

The two-dimensional (2D) transition metal trihalide (TMX3, X = Cl, Br, I) family has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the realization of CrCl3, CrBr3, and CrI3 monolayers. Up to now, the main focus of the theoretically predicted TMX3 monolayers has been on the Chern insulator states, which can realize the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Here, using first-principles calculations, we theoretically demonstrate that the stable OsCl3 monolayer has a ferromagnetic ground state and a spin-polarized Dirac point without spin–orbit coupling (SOC), which disappears in the band structure of a Janus OsBr1.5Cl1.5 monolayer. We find that OsCl3 exhibits in-plane magnetization when SOC is included. By manipulating the magnetization direction along the C2 symmetry axis of the OsCl3 structure, a gapless half-Dirac semimetal state with SOC can be achieved, which is different from the gapped Chern insulator state. Both semimetal states of OsCl3 monolayer without and with SOC exhibit a linear half-Dirac point (twofold degenerate) with high Fermi velocities. The achievement of the 2D semimetal state with SOC is expected to be found in other TMX3 monolayers, and we confirm it in a TiCl3 monolayer. This provides a different perspective to study the band structure with SOC of the 2D TMX3 family.
Vapor phase synthesis of topological semimetal MoP2 nanowires and their resistivity
Authors: Jin Gangtae , Han Hyeuk Jin , Hart James L. , Sam Quynh P. , Kiani Mehrdad T. , Hynek David J. , Hasse Vicky , Felser Claudia , Cha Judy J.
Published: September 2022

Topological semimetals (TSMs) possess topologically protected surface states near the Fermi level with high carrier densities and high mobilities, holding distinct potential for low-dissipation on-chip interconnects that may outperform current copper interconnects for continued dimensional scaling of CMOS technologies. To translate the exotic properties of TSMs into practical interconnects, developments of high precision synthesis for these emergent semimetals are essential. Here, we report the synthesis of TSM molybdenum diphosphide (MoP2) nanowires with controlled dimensions and crystallinity. By varying the growth temperature in chemical vapor depositions (CVD), we achieve polycrystalline MoP2 as well as single-crystalline MoP2−x nanostructures, which are confined in highly anisotropic forms on crystalline substrates with a miscut angle of 1°. The measured metallic properties, such as room temperature resistivity and temperature-dependent resistance, of the synthesized MoP2 nanostructures show promising dimensional effects for interconnect applications, suggesting potential enhancement of topological surface states in electron transport at reduced dimensions. The demonstration of CVD-grown MoP2 nanowires provides opportunities for careful investigations of design rules for TSMs-based nanoscale interconnects.
Oxide overlayer formation on sputtered ScAlN film exposed to air
Authors: Li Minghua , Lin Huamao , Hu Kan , Zhu Yao
Published: September 2022

There has been much interest in developing scandium doped aluminum nitride (ScAlN) thin films for use in electronic devices, due to their excellent piezoMEMS response, large spontaneous polarization, and the capability for CMOS-compatible integration. As with the undoped AlN film, the formation of an oxide overlayer on the air-exposed ScAlN film can modulate its surface structure and the electrical properties. In this study, we investigate the effects of surface oxidation on a ScAlN film by characterizing the film microstructure and the elemental chemical states. We found that amorphous phase and small crystallites co-exist in the oxide overlayer, which is remarkably different from the columnar (0002) crystalline texture in the bulk ScAlN film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy core-level analyses confirm the formation of Al–O and Sc–O bonds. Moreover, the valence band maximum of the oxide overlayer shifts toward a higher binding energy, indicating a high energy barrier at the ScAlN/metal interface. Our results suggest that ScAlN surface oxidation is a chemical reaction-driven and self-limited process.
Designing high-efficiency metal and semimetal contacts to two-dimensional semiconductor γ-GeSe
Authors: Cao Liemao , Deng Xiaohui , Tang Zhenkun , Zhou Guanghui , Ang Yee Sin
Published: September 2022

Forming a low-resistance semiconductor–metal contact is a critical step to achieve a high-performance two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanoelectronic device. Motivated by the recent discovery of monolayer γ-GeSe with exceptional high electrical conductivity reaching 105 S/m, we computationally investigate the interface contact properties of γ-GeSe with four representative classes of metallic systems, including 2D semimetal (graphene), 2D metal (NbS2), 3D semimetal (Bi), and 3D metal (Au) using first-principle density functional theory simulations. We found that these metals exhibit rich contact formation physics with 2D γ-GeSe, yielding contacts of heterostructures with weak and moderate couplings. Importantly, γ-GeSe/NbS2 is an Ohmic contact while γ-GeSe/Bi is an n-type Schottky contact with an ultralow barrier height of 0.07 eV. For γ-GeSe/graphene contact, the electronic properties can be adjusted via the interlayer distance or via an external electric field. Finally, we show that the contact properties can also be further controlled using layer-number engineering of γ-GeSe. Our findings provide a useful guideline for designing high-performance 2D nanoelectronics based on 2D γ-GeSe.