bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling oceanic isolated vortices
Authors: Cushman‐Roisin Benoit
Published: October 2011

On March 25–26, 1985, with the support of the Office of Naval Research, a 2‐day workshop was held at the Florida State University, Tallahassee, to discuss and summarize the recent developments in modeling of oceanic isolated vortices such as intense eddies and solitary waves. The interest in these oceanic features stems from their ubiquity and large amplitudes. Indeed, they contribute to most of the oceanic motion within the mesoscale range (50–500 km in space and 2–20 days in time) and are believed to control, to a great extent, such important processes as mean circulation, meridional heat flux, and dissipation over basin‐wide scales, without counting their biological and other impacts.
Weather satellite rescued
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

After tumbling and spinning in space for nearly a year, a $50 million polar‐orbiting weather satellite has been stabilized and will regain nearly all of its functions, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The rescue of NOAA 8 was aided by a computer program that took advantage of the earth's magnetic field to gradually stop the satellite's gyrations.

Technicians at NOAA have recalibrated the satellite's instruments, and as Eos went to press, NOAA expected to resume delivery of earth and atmospheric imagery and measure‐ment data on July 1, 1985.
GLORIA II Sonograph Mosaic of the Western U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone
Authors: Cacchione D. A. , Drake D. E. , Edwards B. , Field M. , Gardner J. , Hampton M. , Karl H. , McCulloch D. , Kenyon N. , Masson D.
Published: October 2011

In 1983 the United States declared sovereign rights and jurisdiction over living and nonliving resources in an area extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward from its shores. In response to the establishment of this Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has implemented a program, called EEZ‐Scan, to systematically map the EEZ, using the Geological Long‐ Range Inclined ASDIC (GLORIA) II longrange side scan sonar system developed by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (IOS) of Great Britain [Somers et al, 1978]. The first part of the EEZ‐Scan field program was completed in the summer of 1984, when USGS and IOS scientists surveyed the EEZ off the western conterminous United States aboard the British research vessel Farnella (Figure 1). The west coast survey, requiring 96 days of ship time and four separate legs, has resulted in virtually total sonograph coverage of the sea floor from the continental shelf break to the 200‐nautical mile limit between the Mexican and Canadian borders, an area of about 850,000 km2 . Other data collected on the cruises included two‐channel digital seismic reflection and 3.5‐kHz highresolution and 10‐kHz bathymetric profiles, as well as towed magnetometer data along approximately 20,000 km of trackline spaced nominally at 30‐km intervals.
VGP Award for Robert C. Newton
Authors: Goldsmith Julian B. , Newton Robert C.
Published: October 2011

Many do not know that Bob Newton has an identical twin. If I were to be flip, I could say that half an egg is better than none. On the other hand, if either he or his brother Mark had come from the entire egg, the resulting Newton could have been too good to be true and might have become an Albert Einstein, or John McEnroe, or Beverly Sills, and the likelihood of his being any use to us would be slim. At any rate, this half‐Newton is being honored for his contributions to studies of high‐pressure phase equilibria. Before the extolment of any of these, let me say that aficionados of Newtonian geophysics will realize that Bob's contributions are broadly ranging and not limited to things that get squeezed in the night.
New Research Chairs in oceanography
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Four new research chairs in oceanography created by the U.S. Navy have been awarded to Robert D. Ballard of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Walter Munk of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, James J. O'Brien of Florida State University, and Carl Wunsch of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Reversals of the Earth's Magnetic Field
Authors: Champion Duene E.
Published: October 2011

J.A. Jacobs of Cambridge University has written a concise, authoritative, and up‐todate text on reversals of the earth's magnetic field. Chapter 1 is a concise summary of the basic attributes of the geomagnetic field and its behavior in different time frames. It explains spherical harmonic analysis of the field and presents the history of acquisition of the data that best represent the recent field. Lastly, it includes a short summary of the origin and electrodynamics of the magnetic field, outlining the current theoretical basis for its generation.
To Quench Our Thirst
Authors: Back William
Published: October 2011

The eight chapters of this book are directed toward describing its subtitle: “The Present and Future Status of Freshwater Resources of the United States.” One purpose of the book is to dissuade both general readers and technically oriented individuals from believing that the current water problems will either go away on their own or be swept away by governmental action. The authors' concern is that we are currently entering an era in which cheap, clean, and plentiful water may cease to exist in much of the United States. They believe that the nation is experiencing a syndrome of diverse, interrelated events that tend to dwarf the energy crisis in potential significance and overall severity, thereby threatening the security of America's water future.
JOI reaffirms satellite plan
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A recent report by the Satellite Planning Committee of Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), Washington, D.C., underscored the need for the four oceanographic satellite missions that have been proposed for the next decade to be carried out as planned and firmly on schedule. In reaffirming the need for the missions, the committee said that many important types of long‐term global data auoui ihe oceans can be gathered only by research satellites. The potential benefits to vital national activities such as trade, fisheries, national defense, and waste disposal will be well worth the missions' cost, they added.
Coping With Droughts
Authors: Zaporozec Alexander
Published: October 2011

This book is a collection of selected papers from the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Droughts entitled “Drought Impact Control Technology,” held at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering in Lisbon, Portugal, in June 1980. The editors of the book have chosen a nontraditional but successful approach to presenting the papers. Instead of including a verbatim proceedings of the institute, they assembled 21 papers presented by 14 of the institute's lecturers, reshaped and synthesized them, and supplemented them by five new papers that cover obvious gaps in topics. The result is enlightening reading and a more or less complete presentation of the subject. The edited material in the book was arranged around three central themes related to efforts needed to cope with or manage the droughts. In the process, the identity of individual contributors has been preserved.
WOCE planning report series
Authors: Nowlin Worth D.
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) has commissioned a series of planning and technical reports on topics related to planning a U.S. component of WOCE. During April 1985, a series of ocean sector meetings were convened to discuss general circulation problems of the South Pacific, North Pacific, South Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. These were the first round of a series of meetings to begin formulating specific plans for in‐situ observations as part of WOCE.
July streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Streamflows were below normal in the northern Rocky Mountain region and in parts of most states in the southeast during July, as well as in other scattered parts of the nation, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). However, streamflows were above normal in large parts of Colorado, Minnesota, Texas, and several other states (see map), said USGS hydrologists. Streamflows generally declined in many of the northeastern states and in most areas west of the Mississippi River, but they generally increased or were variable in most of the southeast as a result of above‐average rainfall.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of candidates for President‐Elect of the Union and for President‐Elect and Secretary of each section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union and section President‐ Elect will appear. The material for the Hydrology Section appears below. The material for the Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section appeared in the August 6 issue, that for the Seismology Section in the August 13 issue, that for the Geodesy Section in the August 20 issue, and that for the Atmospheric Sciences Section in the August 27 issue. T he slate of candidates for all offices was carried in the July 2 issue.
David R. Wones 1932–1984
Authors: Gilbert Charles
Published: October 2011

On Thursday afternoon, October 25, 1984, Dr. David R. Wones, age 52, Professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and Secretary of the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology section 1961–1964, died in an automobile accident in Roanoke, Va. The ultimate cause of this accident is unknown.

Dave gave of himself to mineralogy and petrology—in fact, to all of geology and to many colleagues—in a way few can match but that many have experienced and can appreciate.
New developments
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

R. O. Meissner of the Institut fur Geophysik, Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany, has been elected to serve as President‐Elect of the European Geophysical Society (EGS), effective August of this year. Meissner already holds office in EGS as vice president for Section I and as chairman of the Local Organizing Committee for the 11th General Assembly of EGS, to be held in Kiel in 1986.
Migmatites, Melting, and Metamorphism
Authors: Ayuso R. A.
Published: October 2011

This is a praiseworthy collection of papers that illustrates the great range of interests necessary to understand migmatite genesis. The strength of the collection lies in its broad approach to the study of migmatites and its emphasis on the link between “igneous” and “metamorphic” processes. From the point of view of an igneous petrologist it is important to have a firm understanding of the melting process before considering the tectonic significance of voluminous felsic magmas as expressions of their sources at depth (see the work W. S. Pitcher in this volume for reviews on the diversity of granitic rock types), magma chamber stratigraphy, or volatile evolution. Many of the papers written by metamorphic petrologists in this volume give significant clues to such an understanding by providing fundamental constraints of pressure‐temperature regimes, fluid evolution, elemental buffering, and thermal evolution of continental crust that is undergoing melting.
Geology and petrology of the Apollo 15 landing site: Past, present, and future understanding
Authors: Spudis Paul D. , Ryder Graham
Published: October 2011

On July 30, 1971, the Apollo 15 lunar module Falcon passed over the 4000 m Apennine Mountain front and landed at one of the most geologically diverse sites selected in the Apollo program, the Hadley‐Apennine region. Although this event occurred 14 years ago, its unique nature makes the site an important target of continued scientific investigation.
USGS yearbook wraps up 1984
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The latest U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) yearbook includes essays offering perspectives on three earth science issues: digital mapping, glacier activity, and mineral resources. The 140‐page color publication, which summarizes the earth science and environmental activities of the USGS, features a special chapter with an overview of significant research results in fiscal year 1984.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 10(9), September 30, 1985, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E85‐01 2 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services. 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
Evolving Continents
Authors: Hamilton Warren
Published: October 2011

Brian Windley succeeds very well indeed at the formidable task he sets for himself in this greatly revised second edition of a book that first appeared in 1977. He synthesizes primarily the tectonic and petrologic evolution of the continents and secondarily their economic geologic, stratigraphic, and biologic history. The book is organized in well‐balanced time sequence and topical chapters, followed by a fine overview. The author describes examples, generalizes from them, and seeks understanding of variations with time and with depth of the process acting on continents within a plate tectonic framework.
Planet Earth week featured at Fall Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Fall Meeting has been dubbed “Planet Earth Week,” in part to salute the upcoming 7‐week PBS television series and university course that will be previewed at the meeting. At least four of the seven 1‐hour segments of “Planet Earth” will be shown daily at the the Fall Meeting. AGU provided some of the seed money for the new series, which will have its television premiere on Wednesday, January 22, 1986, on PBS at 9 P.M. EST.
Reversals of the Earth's magnetic field and the acceptance of crustal mobility in North America: A view from the trenches
Authors: Opdyke Neil D.
Published: October 2011

In this paper I shall attempt to give a personal view of the acceptance of ideas of crustal mobility by a key group of scientists at Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, N.Y., which in turn, largely because of the data marshalled by these researchers, led to the acceptance of the concept of mobility by the larger scientific community in the United States. This took place in 1964–1966 and led to are markable and rapid transformation in the way that earth scientists view our planet. In large part the change followed the acceptance of reversals of the earth's magnetic field by earth scientists in general.
Modeling ET in hydrology
Authors: Stone J. F. , Reginato R. J.
Published: October 2011

This subject was explored in a special session entitled “Evapotranspiration Modeling: Its Verification and Use,” held during the 1984 Fall Meeting in San Francisco. The session was conceived by the Committee on the Unsaturated Zone (T. N. Narasimhan, present chairman). The subject matter was divided into three areas: evapotranspiration (ET) considerations, modeling, and remote sensing applications. The abstracts of the nine invited and four contributed presentations appeared in Eos (November 6, 1984, pp. 873–874). The purpose of the session was to explore ways to bridge the gap between small‐plot and large‐area ET theory, both of which are well enough understood to be described with reasonable models. Many small‐area models are tied to causal factors. Many of these factors are not conservative over large areas. This leaves a gap in ET modeling that is difficult to bridge.
International Symposium on Karst Water Resources
Authors: Back William
Published: October 2011

The International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) joined the Hacettepe University of Ankara, Turkey, in sponsoring the International Symposium on Karst Water Resources. The other sponsors of the symposium were the Karst Water Resources Research Center Project of Hacettepe University and the United Nations Development Program through the United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development, in addition to the following government organizations of Turkey: Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, State Hydraulic, Works (DSI), General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIE) and Geological Engineering Department of the Engineering Faculty and Karst Hydrogeology Research Group (KRG) at the Hacettepe University Earth Sciences Application and Research Center. Cooperating organizations included the Turkish National Committee of the International Hydrological Program, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the International Water Resources Association (IWRA). The symposium was divided into two parts: a paper presentation session held at the new Turkish National Library in Ankara during July 7–12, 1985, and a field trip from Ankara through Konya and Antalya to Izmir during July 13–18. The symposium chairman was Gultekin Gunay of the Hydrogeological Engineering Department of Ankara's Hacettepe University, and the cochairman was A. Ivan Johnson, a water resources consultant from Denver, Colo., and editor of WaterWatch. Scientists from 27 countries were represented among the 200 or so participants in attendance.
IAHS/WMO Workshop: A Hydrology and Space Technology
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The International Committee on Remote Sensing and Data Transmission of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences and the World Meteorological Organization held an International Workshop on Hydrologic Applications of Space Technology at Cocoa Beach, Fla., on August 19–24, 1985. The workshop was preceded on August 18 by a short course on geographic information systems that was presented by SPAYD Systems of Williamsville, N.Y. and was designed to introduce people to the subject in preparation for later discussions in the workshop.
Ocean rise discussed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

While asserting that the earth's climate is becoming warmer and sea level is rising, an ad hoc committee of the National Research Council (NRC) recently said that in the next century, the oceans are unlikely to rise as much as some have predicted. The message of their report is that the sea level situation today is “a manageable problem, not a disaster, as far as we can tell at the present time,” according to Mark F. Meier, now of the University of Colorado and recently of the U.S. Geological Survey. Meier served as chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Relationship Between Land Ice and Sea Level of NRC's Polar Research Board. Last month, Meier discussed the report's contents in a public lecture at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C.
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearings have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669)
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearings have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669)
1985 CSEG/CGU National Convention
Authors: Peirce John W. , Millington Graham
Published: October 2011

The Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (CSEG) and the Canadian Geophysical Union (CGU) held their first joint national meeting in Calgary, Canada, May 7–10, 1985. As the CSEG represents primarily the oil exploration side of geophysics and the CGU represents mainly the academic side, both groups felt that a joint convention would broaden their perspectives. Some 1750 delegates and over 100 students registered for the meeting. The Convention Committee was chaired by Ian Baker (Atlantis Resources Ltd.), and CGU was represented by Peter Savage (Pan Canadian Petroleum Ltd.). The Technical Committee was chaired by John Peirce (Petro‐Canada Inc.) for CGU and Graham Millington (Canadian Superior Oil Ltd.) for CSEG
Groundwater response to precipitation
Authors: Germann Peter , Levy Benjamin
Published: October 2011

Rapid responses of shallow groundwater tables, located between the soil surface and depths of about 10 m, to heavy storms of at least 30 mm/d are quite frequently observed. Heath [1983], for instance, reported rapid response to occur about twice per month in 1978 in an observation well near Washington, D.C. The rise and fall of the water table was more pronounced when it was closer to the soil surface; when the water table was deeper than approximately 1.8 m, the rises were spread over a longer time interval and were less pronounced in height. Figure 1 shows another example from an observation well near Charlottesville, Va., where a response of the water table at a depth of 7.0 m was observed within 2 days following a 2‐day storm that yielded 130 mm.
Variability of the productive habitat in the eastern equatorial Pacific
Authors: Feldman Gene Carl
Published: October 2011

There exists ample evidence supporting the link between ocean productivity and the intensity of upper ocean vertical motions [Thompson, 1981]. Where these motions increase the vertical transport of nutrients to the surface waters, regions of enhanced biological production often result. This relationship has been demonstrated quite clearly for one of the most highly productive regions of the world's ocean: the coastal upwelling zone along the western coast of South America. Investigations that relate changes in local winds, ocean circulation, and the vertical distribution of density and nutrients to the patterns of enhanced biological production have shown that relatively small changes in the physical environment have large consequences for the ecosystem [Barber and Smith, 1981; Smith et al., 1983].
ESA plans new missions
Authors: Pedersen Arne
Published: October 2011

The tragic explosion of the space shuttle Challenger has caused a delay of at least 13 months to the European Space Agency/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (ESA/NASA) cooperative mission Ulysses, previously known as the Solar Polar Mission. Ulysses was scheduled for launch in May 1986. The launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, in which ESA is a cooperative partner, is certain to be delayed beyond the October 1986 launch date.

As Eos went to press, the Giotto spacecraft, which has been on its way to Comet Halley since July 1985, was performing well, according to ESA. All investigator groups participated in operation rehearsals at the European Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany, in preparation for the cometary encounter, which occurred near midnight (UT) on March 13, 1986.
Where has experimental petrology gone?
Authors: Bell Peter M.
Published: October 2011

Experimental petrology has now spread throughout Japan. New, exciting high‐pressure petrology experiments, with innovative instruments that have names like “MAX‐80,” “MASS,” and the “Photon Factory,” are being conducted at more than 20 Japanese laboratories. The purpose of the experiments has been to map out the research area encompassing conditions that duplicate those of the earth's upper mantle, extending through the transition zone (1 bar‐225 kbar, or 0.0001‐22.5 GPa). The experimental techniques in these studies are second in importance only to the broad and extensive scientific issues. There are numerous efforts to determine phase relations, melting phenomena, calorimetric values, and elastic properties of mantle mineral assemblages at the corresponding pressures and temperatures. The results of these efforts were in considerable evidence at the recent U.S.‐Japan conference on High‐Pressure Research Applications in Geophysics and Geochemistry, which was held in Kahuku, Hawaii, January 13–16, 1986. Papers in experimental petrology were presented by researchers from 12 Japanese universities and nine Japanese national research institutes, and from 11 U.S. universities, three U.S. National Laboratories. In addition, papers were presented by researchers from individual universities in Australia, Canada, and West Germany.
Climatic effects of nuclear war
Authors: Pittock Barrie
Published: October 2011

At the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (IAMAP)/International Association for Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO) Joint Assembly, August 5–16, 1985, in Honolulu, Hawaii, symposium M‐14, on the climatic effects of nuclear war, attracted enough papers for a full day plus an overflow in precis/poster form. Hans Bolle (Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria) opened the session with some discussion of the sensitive nature of the subject as a matter for purely scientific investigation. Barrie Pittock (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia) then gave some background to the very rapid development of studies in this field since the seminal paper of Crutzen and Birks [1982] appeared.
Quantum theory and experiment applications
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

On July 21‐26, 1986, a conference on quantum theory and experiments applied to solids will be held in College Park, Md.
Helium studies in geology
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A special issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth and Planets will be devoted to the topic "Helium Studies in Geology." Both helium isotopic research and helium 4 investigations on any phase of geologic application will be included. Individuals are welcome to submit manuscripts for this special issue. The deadline for receipt of papers through the normal JGR submission process is May 30, 1986. Please indicate that the manuscript is for the special issue. For additional information, contact G. M. Reimer, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 963, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225; telephone: 303236‐7886 or JGR editor Gerald Schubert, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024; telephone: 213‐82 5‐4577.
Special GRL issue Comets III
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A special issue, highlighting the results obtained by the Japanese spacecraft Sakegake and Suisei, will be published in the August Geophysical Research Letters (GRL). The editor invites experimental and theoretical papers relevant to cometary phenomena.
Special color issue: JGR‐Oceans
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The November 15, 1986, issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research‐Oceans has been designated a special color issue. Authors who wish to publish color illustrations at a reduced price should submit their manuscripts to JGR‐Oceans by May 15, 1986. Four copies of the manuscript should be sent to J. J. O'Brien, JGR‐Oceans, PO Box 2254, Tallahassee, FL 32316. For additional information, contact Ruth Pryor, JGR‐Oceans Editorial Assistant‐telephone: 904‐386‐4729; telemail: [RPRYOR/EDUNET] MAIL/USA.
Marine biosurfaces research program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) of the U.S. Navy is starting a basic research program to address the initial events that control colonization of surfaces by organisms in marine environments. The program “arises from the Navy's need to understand and ultimately control biofouling and biocorrosion in marine environments,” according to a Navy announcement.

The program, “Biological Processes Controlling Surface Modification in the Marine Environment,” will emphasize the application of in situ techniques and modern molecular biological, biochemical, and biophysical approaches; it will also encourage the development of interdisciplinary projects. Specific areas of interest include sensing and response to environmental surface (physiology/physical chemistry), factors controlling movement to and retention at surfaces (behavior/hydrodynamics), genetic regulation of attachment (molecular genetics), and mechanisms of attachment (biochemistry/surface chemistry).
[“Comment on ‘Further suggestions for writing memorable geophysical papers’”] More of the same”but different
Authors: Roedererer J. G.
Published: October 2011

In an earlier Forum piece, D. N. Baker (Eos, September 10, 1985, p. 642) complained that AGU members had not heeded his earlier call (Eos, December 21, 1982, p. 1219) to form author teams to write “memorable” geophysical research papers.
Research priorities in the Arctic: U.S. Arctic Research Commission gets down to business
Authors: Roederer Juan G.
Published: October 2011

Ten months after its first meeting, the five‐member U.S. Arctic Research Commission (ARC) has begun with the tough task of recommending priorities as a basis for the comprehensive 5‐year Arctic Research Plan mandated by the 1984 Research and Policy Act (Eos, August 27, 1985, p. 617). The first phase of this task was accomplished with the preparation of a document entitled “National Needs and Arctic Research: A Framework for Action” [Arctic Research Commission, 1986]. The priorities for broad, overall research thrusts recommended therein were presented publicly to the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (Eos, August 27, 1985, p. 617) and will be discussed in this article. The opinions in this article are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Arctic Research Commission.
Major magnetic storm effects noted
Authors: Allen Joe H.
Published: October 2011

The major magnetic storm of February 8–9, 1986, was possibly the final burst of activity caused by a protracted sequence of one or more large solar flares that occurred daily February 4–7. There is great interest in the entire sequence of events, as the magnetic storm was one of the largest in 40 years. By using satellite and ground‐based near‐real‐time data, the staff of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Space Environment Services Center (SESC) provided early alerts about this solar activity and its consequences. This was an opportunity to test many of the interactive data bases available through the new SELDADS II (Space Environmental Laboratory Data Acquisition and Display System).
OMB revises overhead rules
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

After pressure from university administrators, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has issued a new plan for saving money on research overhead costs, in place of a controversial proposal that was originally published in February 1986 (Eos, May 20, 1986, p. 481). The agency made the new plan more palatable to administrators and faculty by choosing to cap the rate of reimbursement for the activity that researchers say they find among the most difficult to document: the time they spend on administration of federally sponsored grants and contracts. An amendment to a bill signed by President Ronald Reagan on July 2 might force OMB to make additional concessions to colleges and universities.

How much money the federal government would save under this policy is a matter of dispute. The agency's revisions to OMB Circular A‐21, “Cost Principles for Educational Institutions,” call for fixing the reimbursement rate at 3% of modified total direct costs for departmental administration work done by “department heads, directors of divisions faculty, and professional staff.” The 3% figure represents about half of the current national average rate of reimbursement for these costs and would lead to federal government savings of $100 million a year, according to OMB.
Landsat data conversion cut from budget
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The conversion of a set of early Landsat data from wide band videotape to digitized, computer‐compatible form is slated to end prematurely when this fiscal year ends on September 30, 1986. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is shutting down the project to save money because of the Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings deficit reduction act (Eos, January 28, 1986, p. 41) and in view of the strain on NASA's budget caused by the loss of the space shuttle Challenger, according to Joseph Bishop, program manager for data processing in NASA's Office of Space Tracking and Data Systems. Moreover, the only equipment that can be used to read the wide band videotape data and convert it to computer‐compatible tape (CCT) has become obsolete, and the tapes themselves are deteriorating, so it seems unlikely that this project could be renewed in the future, according to Allen H. Watkins, chief of the Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Data Center of the U.S. Geological Survey in Sioux Falls, S. Dak.
Salton sea samples and data available
Authors: Klick Donald W.
Published: October 2011

The drilling of a 10,564‐ft (3220‐m)‐deep research well in the Salton Sea geothermal field of California marks the successful completion of Stage I of the Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Program (SSSDP). Drill cuttings (normally at 10‐ft (∼3‐m) intervals for the entire depth of the well), approximately 725 ft (∼220 m) of unoriented rock core from 36 intervals between the 1550‐ft and 9900‐ft (472‐m and 3018‐m) depths, and a comprehensive suite of wireline logs will become available soon for further research by qualified investigators.
Reply [to “Comment on ‘Is Venus alive?’”]
Authors: Taylor Harry A.
Published: October 2011

In his comment, Frederick Scarf asserts that many statements and interpretations contained in my Forum are wrong and that he proposes to correct the record. The opposite is in fact the case, and his response adds no substantiation to the claim that there is extensive lightning and currently active volcanism at Venus.

My colleagues and I have shown (H. A. Taylor, Jr., et al., “Reply,” Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 91, p. 4599, 1986) that there is a high degree of correlation between the electric field noise and the ionospheric disturbances driven by the solar wind—ionosphere interaction and that the noise is not preferentially clustered over mountainous terrain. These results run counter to the interpretation of the noise as evidence of lightning and I stand on this evidence.
Early work leading to the explanation of the banded geomagnetic imprinting of the ocean floor
Authors: Morley Lawrence W.
Published: October 2011

The idea of writing a historical paper is new to me. All I can hope to do is to give my own subjective slant, as I saw things develop in the period from 1938, when I first became interested in geophysics, to 1965, when I left the field to work in remote sensing (in which I have been engaged ever since). When I talk about geophysics, from which I have been away for so long, I feel like Rip Van Winkle, who fell asleep for 20 years.
The equatorial undercurrent: 100 years of discovery
Authors: McPhaden Michael J.
Published: October 2011

The Equatorial Undercurrent is a narrow ribbon of eastward flow centered on the equator in the upper thermocline. It is a permanent feature of the general circulation in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and is present in the Indian Ocean in northern winter and spring during the northeast monsoon. It reaches speeds of 50–100 cm s −1 below the westward flow of the South Equatorial Current, and in the Pacific transports as much mass on average (40×106 m3 s −1 ) as the Florida Current, which feeds the Gulf Stream.
GRL European Editor sought
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

It finally happened. The International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) launched what promises to become the largest, most complex, and most ambitious program of international scientific cooperation ever to be organized.

Of several fathers (some officially recognized as such, others not) and after several years of gestation, IGBP saw the light on September 19, 1986, when the General Assembly of ICSU meeting in Berne, Switzerland, passed a resolution accepting the recommendations formulated by an ad hoc Planning Group in a document entitled The International Geosphere‐Biosphere Programme: A Study of Global Change [ICSU, 1986]. This is also the official designation of the project. Its main objective will be “to describe and understand the interactive physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate the total earth system, the unique environment that it provides for life, the changes that are occurring in this system, and the manner in which they are influenced by human actions.”
Research drilling at Katmai, Alaska
Authors: Eichelberger John C. , Hildreth Wes
Published: October 2011

Drilling observations made in a young igneous system following a single, recent, well‐described volcanic event can greatly improve our understanding of magmatic and hydrothermal processes and of the rates at which these processes operate. A group of geoscientists (Table 1) has been working since May 1985 to formulate and advance a plan for research at the site of the historically important 1912 eruption at Katmai, Alaska, as part of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP). The plan was presented at the June 12–13, 1986, CSDP Workshop, held in Rapid City, S.Dak., and has now entered a more formal proposal development stage for consideration by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, and U.S. Geological Survey as an interagency effort. This report is provided to inform the geoscience community of the rationale for CSDP research at Katmai and of the forthcoming opportunities for participation in this multidisciplinary effort in the field of magmatic processes.
Report by the VGP President
Authors: Brett Robin
Published: October 2011

The AGU Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section is not three disparate subdisciplines of the solid earth sciences thrust in a Procrustean manner into a bed of odd bed fellows. Rather, we all know that these three subdisciplines are so intimately related that the lines that divide them are artificial and subjective. The volcanologist who does not use geochemistry or petrology in his or her work these days is not playing with a full deck; this applies equally to the other two disciplines. It hasn't always been so, but the science is much better now that it is. I think this is why the VGP Section is becoming more closely knit and why VGP membership has been growing so fast (now 12% of AGU membership).
New shuttle schedule released
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Hubble Space Telescope has a tentative launch date of November 17, 1988, according to an announcement made October 3, 1986, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The plan calls for the first shuttle launch to take place on February 18, 1988, when Discovery is slated to launch a second Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). A TDRS satellite was aboard Challenger when it exploded on January 28, 1986.

The $1.3 billion telescope would be launched aboard the fifth shuttle mission in 1988. After launching the TDRS satellite, NASA plans to send Atlantis and then Columbia spacebound with military payloads. In September 1988, Discovery would be launched again with a third TDRS satellite.
Graham confirmed as OSTP Head
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

William R. Graham was confirmed by the Senate on October 1, 1986, as the science advisor to President Ronald Reagan and head of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). Formerly the deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Graham started his new post on October 6.
Standardized meteorological measurements for LTER sites
Authors: Greenland David
Published: October 2011

Standards have been established for meteorological measurements at Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) Sites. The LTER program is designed to allow for coherence in research over the long term and to recognize that many parts of ecosystems operate over a long time scale and show directionality and periodicity in ecosystems. The following LTER sites are funded in 5‐year renewable funding periods and overseen by a central coordinating committee, consisting of the principal investigators for all sites, that supplies normal National Science Foundation peer review procedures: H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oreg.; Cedar Creek Natural History Area, Minn.; Central Plains Experimental Range, Colo.; Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, N.C.; Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, Ill.; Jornada Experimental Range, N. Mex.; Konza Prairie, Kans.; Niwot Ridge/Green Lakes Valley, Colo.; North Inlet, S.C.; Northern Lakes, Wis.; Okefenokee Natural Wildlife Refuge, Ga.
The Dark Side of the Earth
Authors: Frankel Henry
Published: October 2011

Wood's The Dark Side of the Earth is another addition to the growing list of books on the recent revolution in the earth sciences. Wood rightly points out that any new book on the topic should break new ground. In the preface, he writes of himself and his book that he has benefited from previous accounts by saving himself research time, and that his book, unlike others, “attempts to tell one complete story of the study of the Earth, geologists, geophysicists, dreamers and all” (p. vi). Wood is ambitious, for his work covers much of 19th‐century geology as well as the development, reception, rejection, and eventual acceptance of mobilist ideas. Before discussing the work of the German meteorologist and geophysicist Alfred L. Wegener, American glacial geomorphologist Frank Taylor, and several of their predecessors who proposed “mobilist” ideas, he manages to string together brief descriptions of the contributions of (among others) German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner, British geologists James Hutten and John Playfair, British engineer William Smith, British geologist Charles Lyell, American geologists James Hall and James Dwight Dana, British volcanologist William Lowthian Green, American geologist Grove Karl Gilbert, French geologist Elie de Beaumont, British geologist and mathematician Osmond Fisher, American geologist Clarence Dutton, British mathematician and physicist Lord Kelvin, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess, French geologist Marcel Bertrand, and American geologist Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin. Moreover, Wood offers an interesting thesis about the revolution in the earth sciences. He claims that the real revolution was not the replacement of fixist views with the mobilist ones of sea floor spreading and plate tectonics, but rather the replacement of geology with the new discipline of the earth sciences in which geophysics and geochemistry play the central role.
A French Program to study the Earth's core
Authors: Courtillot V.
Published: October 2011

Recent observational and theoretical advances have provided new impetus for the study of the partly molten iron core of the earth. In 1983, the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique launched a multidisciplinary program to study the structure and evolution of the earth's core. This is an attempt to inform the scientific community of the aims and present status of the program and to summarize contributions to a state‐of‐the‐art meeting that was held in December 1985 in Paris.
The changing health of our planet: Observing the Earth from space
Authors: Kellogg William W.
Published: October 2011

It has become fashionable—even mandatory— in geophysical circles to think of Planet Earth as one interacting system and one that definitely includes the biosphere consisting of all living things. Of course, the founders of the American Geophysical Union must have subscribed in principle to that concept or they would not have created our multidisciplinary Union, but many universities still cling to those disciplinary pigeonholes. Old habits are hard to throw off, and it is often an extra effort to work at the interfaces between disciplines [Roederer, 1985].

It has been the intense interest in the theory of climate, and the causes of climate change especially, that has spurred earth scientists to work more closely together during the past decade or more. It is clear that our climate models must take into account the atmosphere, the oceans, the cryosphere, the biosphere, the solid earth, and the sun (now recognized as a slightly variable star). It is this realization that has led to the move to organize a new international program, the International Geosphere/Biosphere Program (IGBP), sometimes referred to as “Global Change,” for short [Malone and Roederer, 1985].
USGS Water Data Program
Authors: Johnson A. Ivan
Published: October 2011

The Reagan Administration, in its fiscal year 1987 budget, proposes cuts for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) program for water resources investigations of 12%, from $142 million to $125 million. This program is important to all scientists and engineers who are involved with water resources. The basic water data that this program provides establish the necessary foundation for the proper planning, design, and operation of the nation's water resource and environmental quality projects.

The USGS Basic Data Collection Program has covered both groundwater and surface water supplies in the United States for many decades, but in recent years, USGS has undertaken more responsibilities in the water quality area—usually without commensurate funding increases. Funding for the USGS water data networks has steadily declined in constant (1972) dollars since 1977–1978, and is now at a lower level than in 1973. Funding in actual dollars started decreasing in 1983. This proposed cut would affect not only the federal data collection program but also its sister program, the federal‐state cooperative data collection system, resulting in termination of many surface water and groundwater stations.
Aggregation and Disaggregation Processes in Hydrology
Authors: G. Quimpo Rafael , Obeysekera Jayantha
Published: October 2011

A special session entitled “Aggregation and Disaggregation Processes” was held at the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting, December 9–13, in San Francisco, Calif. The purpose of the session was to bring together individuals interested in topics of aggregation and disaggregation to discuss the state of the art and new developments in these areas including their potential integration.
Urban drainage models
Authors: Yen B. C.
Published: October 2011

The International Symposium on Comparison of Urban Drainage Models with Real Catchment Data (UDM 1986) was held April 8–11, 1986, at Dubrovnik, the famous Yugoslav medieval city at the Adriatic coast. The symposium was organized by C. Maksimovic and M. Radojkovic of the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering of the Univeristy of Belgrade and was sponsored by the Joint Committee on Urban Storm Drainage of the International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR) and International Association for Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC), as well as by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Yugoslav Association for Hydraulic Research, and Iskra Delta of Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. Many of the presentations made at the symposium were of interest to members of the AGU Hydrology Section.