bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a theory-based intervention towards benzodiazepine deprescribing in Belgian nursing homes: protocol of the END-IT NH cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Evrard Perrine , Chevallereau Tina , Aikpitanyi Josephine , Pétein Catherine , Tubeuf Sandy , Henrard Séverine , Spinewine Anne
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Despite several calls to deprescribe benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRA) in older adults, their use among nursing home residents (NHRs) remains high. Therefore, we developed an intervention targeting general practitioners’ and healthcare professionals’ behaviours regarding BZRA deprescribing in nursing homes (NHs): The END-IT NH (bENzodiazepines Deprescribing InTerventions Nursing homes) 6-component intervention. Before moving on to a large-scale effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evaluation, this feasibility study aims at: (1) assessing the feasibility of the intervention implementation in NHs, (2) assessing the feasibility of conducting a larger-scale evaluation, in terms of recruitment and data collection and (3) conducting an exploratory cost-effectiveness evaluation.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a cluster-randomised controlled trial in a sample of 6 NHs, with 10–15 NHRs included per NHs. Four NHs will be randomised into the intervention group, and two NHs will deliver usual care (control group). Data collection will occur at baseline, 3, and 6 months (study end). We will collect information to explore implementation fidelity, mechanisms of impact and contextual factors at patient-level, NH-level and healthcare professional-level, using both quantitative and qualitative measures. The feasibility of the study conduction will be assessed by measuring recruitment and attrition rates and completeness of data collection. An exploratory cost-effectiveness evaluation will be conducted based on quality of life and healthcare use and cost data.

Ethics and dissemination

This study protocol received approval from the ethical committee of CHU UCL Namur on the 20 June 2023. All data are confidential and will be anonymised prior to analysis. De-identified data will be shared on a data depository with a 2-year embargo. The results of the study will be disseminated through a scientific paper and will be communicated to local stakeholders and policymakers through a local symposium.

Trial registration number

NCT05929443.
Physical Activity Elements and Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Guangdong (PEAKING) project: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Changyuan , Duan Ruolan , Yang Zhenhua , Qiu Jiamei , Pi Minhui , Ling Xitao , Xiao Cuixia , Zeng Jiahao , He Jiawei , Huang Jiasheng , Zhang La , Qin Xindong , Tang Fang , Fu Lizhe , Hou Haijing , Liu Xusheng , Lindholm Bengt , Lu Fuhua , Wu Yifan , Su Guobin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Physical inactivity is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most previous studies have relied on subjective questionnaires to assess levels of physical activity (PA) and mainly focused on patients undergoing dialysis. Therefore, the Physical Activity Elements and Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Guangdong study aims to investigate the levels and types of PA elements and their association with adverse outcomes in Chinese non-dialysis CKD (ND-CKD) patients.

Methods and analysis

In this prospective cohort study, 374 patients with ND-CKD will be recruited from Guangdong province, South of China. The primary exposure will be levels of PA assessed by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer including the intensity, duration, frequency and type of PA. The traditional Chinese exercises such as tai chi and Baduanjin will also be assessed. The primary outcomes will be all-cause mortality. Other variables including demographics, comorbidities, medication and laboratory markers will be registered. All data will be updated annually for at least 5 years, or until the occurrence of death or initiation of renal replacement therapy. The Spearman correlation coefficient will be used to investigate the correlation between questionnaire-derived and accelerometry-derived PA. The Cox proportional hazards model will be used to investigate the association between level of PA and adverse outcomes. Non-linear associations between PA levels and outcomes, as well as the minimum desirable PA level, will be evaluated using restricted cubic splines.

Ethics and dissemination

The ethical permission for this study was obtained from the ethics committee of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, China (B2015-152-02). Written informed consent is obtained from all participants. The results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.
High-flow nasal cannula in adults with chronic respiratory diseases during physical exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moya-Gallardo Eduardo , Fajardo-Gutiérrez Jeniffer , Acevedo Karol , Verdugo-Paiva Francisca , Bravo-Jeria Rocío , Ortiz-Muñoz Luis , Contreras-Briceño Felipe , Espinosa-Ramírez Maximiliano
Published: October 2024

Background

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) affect at least 545 million people globally, leading to symptoms such as dyspnoea, fatigue and limited physical activity. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes aim to improve the exercise capacity and quality of life of patients with CRD through exercise training. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy shows potential as an adjunct treatment during exercise, but its effects on CRD populations are unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of HFNC during exercise in people with CRD.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted and eight databases and other resources were searched from inception (28 June 2022) to 4 April 2023. Studies that used adult patients with CRD and randomised controlled trial that compared the effect of HFNC versus standard care (conventional oxygen therapy or room air) during exercise were included. Two authors independently selected trials, extracted the data, assessed risks of bias and employed the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach to judging the certainty of evidence. We pooled trials using random-effect models and inverse variance estimation.

Results

Seventeen studies (n=8406) were included in the review (570 patients). The evidence suggests that HFNC increases exercise time after multiple training sessions (weighted mean difference (WMD)=160.58 s; 95% 95% CI=67.32–253.83, 2 studies) and increase after a single session (WMD=72.10 s; 95% CI=28.95–115.24, 11 studies). HFNC may result in little improvements in secondary outcomes (quality of life, dyspnoea, comfort, complications and adherence).

Discussion

The evidence suggests that HFNC may increase functional exercise capacity and positively enhance secondary outcomes. Continued research is justified to elucidate the role of HFNC in PR during exercise training.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022336263.
Prescribing by level of deprivation in Wales: an investigation of selected medicine groups
Authors: Boldero Richard , Hinchliffe Anne , Griffiths Steven , Haines Kath , Coulson James , Evans Andrew
Published: October 2024

Background

Prescribing is the most common intervention made by healthcare professionals. Our study aimed to compare prescribing between general practitioner (GP) practices with the highest and lowest levels of deprivation.

Methods

The deprivation level of each GP practice was determined using data from the income domain of the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation and individual patient postcodes. We compared prescribing data between the highest and lowest deprivation quintiles for selected groups of medicines. The prescribing measures used were selected as the most appropriate to the specific medicine group being considered. Data were analysed across the period of April 2018–March 2023.

Results

For the medicine groups of statins, hypnotics and anxiolytics, and antidepressants, there was a statistically significantly higher level of prescribing in the highest deprivation quintile. For anticoagulants, there was no significant difference in prescribing between the different quintiles. For hormone replacement therapy, there was a significantly higher level of prescribing in the quintile of lowest deprivation.

Conclusion

Our study shows variation in the prescribing of different medicine groups between the highest and lowest deprivation quintiles in Wales. Further investigation into this variation is required.
Trends in obesity prevalence by gender and educational level among adults in Mid-Sweden between 2012 and 2022
Authors: Molarius Anu , Karlsson Jan
Published: October 2024

Background

The aim was to investigate trends in obesity prevalence by gender and educational level in the general population aged 30–69 years, based on large surveys conducted in Mid-Sweden in 2012, 2017 and 2022.

Methods

The study included 22 082, 15 264 and 17 055 respondents, respectively. Obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) was based on self-reported weight and height. Trends in obesity prevalence, including comparisons across educational levels, were estimated by age-standardised proportions with corresponding 95% CIs. Differences between genders, educational levels and survey years were tested using multiple logistic regression.

Results

The overall age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 17.6% in 2012 to 20.1% in 2017 and to 23.3% in 2022. There was no statistically significant difference in obesity prevalence between men and women. Large and persisting inequalities between educational levels were however observed. In 2022, the prevalence of obesity was about 30% among persons with low/middle education and 18% among persons with high education.

Conclusion

Efforts to tackle the obesity epidemic are urgently required in Sweden, taking into consideration the circumstances of groups with low and middle levels of education.
Comparative analysis of single plane and biplane angiography systems for mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Orscelik Atakan , Bilgin Cem , Cortese Jonathan , Cayme Joshua J , Zandpazandi Sara , Senol Yigit Can , Musmar Basel , Ghozy Sherief , Bayraktar Esref Alperen , Beizavi Zahra , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F
Published: October 2024

Background

The choice of angiography system could influence the outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but its impact is not yet well understood. This study aims to compare the clinical and technical outcomes of MT performed with single plane versus biplane angiography systems.

Method

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus to include studies on patients with AIS who underwent MT with either single plane or biplane angiography up to May 4, 2024. The primary outcome was a favorable outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2 at 90 days after the procedure. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2test and Q statistics.

Results

Five studies with a total of 1562 patients were analyzed. Of these, 68.4% were treated with biplane systems and 31.6% with single plane systems. Single plane angiography was associated with a significantly higher rate of favorable outcomes (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.80; P<0.01). There were no significant differences in successful recanalization, periprocedural complications, procedure time, total fluoroscopy time, or contrast volume between the two systems.

Conclusion

While single plane angiography systems may offer slightly better outcomes in MT for AIS, both systems appear equally effective in most clinical and technical perspectives, suggesting that system selection may be more dependent on availability and procedural requirements rather than inherent superiority. Our findings may encourage clinicians to use single-plane angiography in settings where the biplane angiography suite availability is limited, but it should be noted that this observation may have been influenced by selection bias, particularly since the larger studies included in our meta-analysis did not observe this effect in adjusted analyses for potential confounder factors.
Characterisation of myeloid cells in circulation and synovial fluid of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Fine Noah , Glogauer Michael , Chandran Vinod , Oikonomopoulou Katerina
Published: October 2024

Objective

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. Adding to studies focused on the role of T cells and macrophages, we sought to investigate the systemic activation of leukocytes in PsA.

Methods

We assessed the activation state of leukocyte populations, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and monocyte/macrophages, in blood and synovial fluid (SF) by multicolour flow cytometry. We also evaluated the correlation between leukocyte numbers and expression of activation markers with disease activity parameters.

Results

SF PMNs showed an elevated activation state compared with blood PMNs, but a reduced activation state compared with oral PMNs of non-arthritic controls. In vitro stimulation caused SF PMNs to become further activated, demonstrating that they retain a reserve capacity for activation in response to specific triggers. We found significant variability between patients in the expression of SF PMN CD activation markers, indicating a range of possible activation states across patients. However, PMN CD marker expression remained consistent over two sequential visits in a subset of patients, indicating patient-specific distinct inflammatory states during flares. We further found that markers of disease activity increased with elevated SF macrophage numbers. Expression of several CD markers on blood or SF cells, for example, PMN expression of the high-affinity Fc-receptor CD64, correlated with disease activity markers, including pain score and Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis score.

Conclusion

These preliminary findings support a potential role for surface antigens on PMNs and monocytes/macrophages as prognostic or disease activity monitoring tools.
Fusarium graminearum Ste2 and Ste3 receptors undergo peroxidase-induced heterodimerization when expressed heterologously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sharma Tanya , Jomphe Robert Y. , Zhang Dongling , Magalhaes Ana C. , Loewen Michele C.
Published: October 2024

Fusarium graminearum FgSte2 and FgSte3 are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) shown to play roles in hyphal chemotropism and fungal plant pathogenesis in response to activity arising from host-secreted peroxidases. Here, we follow up on the observation that chemotropism is dependent on both FgSte2 and FgSte3 being present; testing the possibility that this might be due to formation of an FgSte2- FgSte3 heterodimer. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) analyses were conducted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where the addition of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) was found to increase the transfer of energy from the inducibly expressed FgSte3-Nano luciferase donor, to the constitutively expressed FgSte2-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) acceptor, compared to controls. A partial response was also detected when an HRP-derived ligand-containing extract was enriched from F. graminearum spores and applied instead of HRP. In contrast, substitution with pheromones or an unrelated bovine GPCR, rhodopsin-YFP used as acceptor, eliminated all BRET responses. Interaction results were validated by affinity pulldown and receptor expression was validated by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Taken together these findings demonstrate the formation of HRP and HRP-derived ligand stimulated heterodimers between FgSte2 and FgSte3. Outcomes are discussed from the context of the roles of ligands and reactive oxygen species in GPCR dimerization.
Survival of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella Heidelberg inoculated into microcosms of fresh pine wood shavings for broiler litter
Authors: Oladeinde Adelumola , Cook Kimberly , Rehman Attiq , Carrillo Catherine D. , Woyda Reed , Wiersma Crystal , Abdo Zaid , Johnson Jasmine , Bosch Anna Marie , Rothrock Michael , Diarra Moussa S.
Published: October 2024

This study characterized the genome of three Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg ( S. Heidelberg) strains with different antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile that were inoculated as a cocktail into fresh pine wood shavings (PWS). The strains were isolated from feces (SH-AAFC), carcass (SH-ARS), and thigh (SH-FSIS) of broiler chicken. SH-AAFC harbored an antimicrobial resistant gene (ARG) blaCMY-2 on an IncI1 plasmid while SH-FSIS harbored multiple ARGs ( floR, cmlA1, tet( A), blaTEM-1B, ant( 2″) -Ia, aph( 6) -Id, aph( 3″) -Ib, and sul2) on an IncC plasmid. SH-ARS was pan-susceptible. The die-off of Salmonella was determined at days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. Antibiotic susceptibility tests and whole genome sequencing were performed on 77 isolates. At 21 days post-inoculation, Salmonella abundance decreased by 4.4 Log10 CFU/g with the water activity of PWS being correlated with Salmonella survival. SH-AAFC clonal populations survived longer in PWS than SH-FSIS and SH-ARS populations. SH-AAFC clones persisting in litter carried higher copy number of Col plasmids than their ancestors, while some SH-ARS clones acquired a lysogenic bacteriophage from SH-FSIS populations. These results suggest that mobile genetic determinants such as plasmids (which could carry ARGs) and bacteriophage plays roles in the persistence of S. Heidelberg in the PWS used as broiler litter.

Highlights

S. Heidelberg survived up to 21 days in PWS which is often used as broiler bedding. S. Heidelberg abundance and survival was correlated with the water activity of PWS. S. Heidelberg strains that carried higher copy numbers of small Col plasmids were the dominant strains isolated from PWS at later time points. S. Heidelberg strains harboring transmissible plasmid carrying AmpC-like beta-lactamase gene persisted longer in PWS without antibiotic pressures for AMR.
Enhancing iron and zinc uptake in spring wheat through commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation under different soil phosphorus addition levels
Authors: Gao Xiaopeng , Zhang Kai
Published: October 2024

Improving the concentrations and bioavailability of micronutrients, especially iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), in crop grains is important to alleviate their deficiencies in humans. Inoculating crops with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can potentially enhance soil nutrient supply and crop yield, but the effectiveness is influenced by soil factors, particularly soil phosphorus (P) availability. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a commercial AMF product on spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield and grain concentrations of Zn and Fe under different soil P addition levels (0, 5, and 20 mg P kg–1 dry soil). Results showed that AMF inoculation significantly increased root colonization rate of wheat across all P addition levels. Wheat growth, as evidenced by dry weights of shoot and grain, was significantly enhanced by AMF and high P addition treatments. AMF inoculation did not affect grain Zn concentration, but significantly increased grain Fe concentration compared to the un-inoculated control. As expected, P addition resulted in a significant reduction in grain concentrations of Fe and Zn, primarily due to a growth dilution effect. An integrated analysis using the radar plot concludes that AMF inoculation is most effective in increasing crop yield and grain micronutrient concentrations when soil P levels are low. Importantly, while adequate P supply is crucial for maintaining crop productivity, it may decrease grain micronutrient availability without complementary strategies.
Characteristics, impacts, and future research directions of Mongolian peatlands
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Liu Yadong , Yan Xuchun , Wei Xianhua , Fan Xiaoying , Wang Dong , Wu Tonghua , Li Ren , Hu Guojie , Zou Defu , Bai Keyu , Dashtseren Avirmed , Adiya Saruulzaya
Published: October 2024

Mongolia is an important peatland distribution area in the world. Over the past few decades, Mongolian peatlands have undergone significant degradation due to climate change and human activities, yet there remains substantial uncertainty about the impacts of Mongolian peatland changes on regional environment and human society. Here, compiling the data of peatland distribution, climate, human activity, as well as the permafrost, we systematically review the distribution, changes, and the ecosystem service values of the Mongolian peatlands in the face of climate warming and intensifying human activities. The current data show that the total area of peatland in the Mongolian is 15 500–27 000 km2, and most of the peatlands are distributed in permafrost regions, while the accuracies of these maps were not assessed. In addition to climate warming, overgrazing, mining activities, and transportation, we suggest permafrost degradation also poses significant threatens on the peatlands. Although the importance of Mongolian peatlands has been recognized, the ecosystem service values, including water provision, habitat quality, carbon fixation, soil conservation, and wind erosion prevention largely remain unknown. Currently, efforts have been made to protect the Mongolian grassland, but there are no specific measures to combat peatland degradation. To better understand the changes and roles of peatland ecosystems in regulating regional development, we propose three research directions for future studies: (1) produce a detailed map of peatland distribution based on field survey data, new remote sensing data, and new algorithms; (2) unveil the mechanisms underlying the interaction of peat, vegetation, and permafrost; (3) evaluate the ecosystem services of Mongolian peatlands. These knowledges are the scientific foundation to propose and implement measures to protect, maintain, and sustainably utilize peatlands in Mongolia.
Gravastars formation with back-reaction effects from extended general relativity
Authors: Bellini Mauricio
Published: October 2024

Using an extended theory of General Relativity that incorporates normalized relativistic velocities, where the boundary terms in the varied Einstein–Hilbert action are considered. Within this context, I investigate the dynamic evolution of a collapsing spherical system characterized by a metric with spatial curvature and variable time-scale, aiming to describe the process of Gravastar formation. To illustrate the system’s dynamics, I analyze a power-law collapsing scenario and derive the equation of state for both cases, with and without geometrical perturbations. In particular, I derive the equation of state, incorporating back-reaction effects related with the boundary terms of the varied Einstein–Hilbert action.
Vetoing all the Higgs imposters in $$H\rightarrow \ell ^-\ell ^+ Z$$
Authors: Choi Seong Youl , Jeong Jaehoon , Kang Dong Woo
Published: October 2024

We develop an effective and methodical algorithm for the construction of general covariant four-point $$H\ell \ell Z$$

H
ℓ
ℓ
Z

vertices, accommodating leptons $$\ell =e, \mu $$

ℓ
=
e
,
μ

, and designed to handle a boson H of any integer spin, not merely confined to spins up to 2. While our numerical analysis assumes the H-boson mass to be $$m_H=125\,\textrm{GeV}$$

m
H

=
125

GeV

, the analytical framework we propose is versatile, enabling the examination of various mass as well as spin scenarios. These meticulously devised general covariant four-point $$H\ell \ell Z$$

H
ℓ
ℓ
Z

vertices are pivotal in vetoing all the imposters of the Standard Model Higgs boson holding the spin-0 and even-parity quantum numbers, especially in one of its primary decay channels, the three-body decay process $$H\rightarrow \ell ^-\ell ^+ Z$$

H
→

ℓ
-

ℓ
+

Z

, observable at the Large Hadron Collider. Our innovative strategy encompasses the analysis of all the effectively allowed scenarios, extending beyond the limitations of previous investigations on the Higgs spin and parity determinations in the decay $$H \rightarrow \ell ^-\ell ^+ Z$$

H
→

ℓ
-

ℓ
+

Z

. Based on the significantly expanded scheme, we demonstrate that the Higgs boson imposter of any spin and parity can be definitively vetoed by leveraging angular and invariant mass distributions focusing on threshold effects. Even though achieving such conclusive results in practical and exhaustive analyses may necessitate high event rates, especially in the spin-0 contact-interaction case.
Latvian Quantum Finite State Automata for Unary Languages
Authors: Mereghetti Carlo , Palano Beatrice , Raucci Priscilla
Published: October 2024

We design Latvian quantum finite state automata (LQFAs) recognizing unary regular languages with isolated cut point [Formula: see text]. From an architectural viewpoint, we suitably combine two LQFAs recognizing with isolated cut point, respectively, the finite part and the ultimately periodic part any given unary regular language [Formula: see text] consists of. In particular, both these LQFAs incorporate a sub-module discriminating strings on the basis of their length.

Both the number of basis states and the isolation around the cut point of the resulting LQFAs for [Formula: see text] exponentially depend on the size of the minimal deterministic finite state automaton for [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the recognition of [Formula: see text] tends to becoming deterministic as the number of the basis states employed in the length-discriminating sub-module grows.
Hopf Cyclicity and Center Conditions for Some Piecewise Smooth Cubic Differential Systems
Authors: Geng Wei , Tian Yun , Han Tong
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider piecewise smooth differential systems with subsystems having cubic reversible isochronous centers at the origin, where the separation line is a straight line passing through the origin. By computing Lyapunov constants, we obtain Hopf cyclicity at the origin with necessary and sufficient conditions for the origin to be a center in this type of piecewise smooth differential systems.
Detecting Hidden Voice Recorders via ADC Electromagnetic Radiation
Authors: Zhou Ruochen , Ji Xiaoyu , Chen Han , Yan Chen , Xu Wenyuan
Published: October 2024

Unauthorized covert voice recording presents a significant threat to privacy-sensitive scenarios, such as confidential meetings and private conversations. Due to their miniaturization and disguise characteristics, hidden voice recorders are difficult to notice. In this article, we present
DeHiREC
, the first proof-of-concept system capable of detecting offline hidden voice recorders from their electromagnetic radiations (EMR). We first characterize the unique patterns of the emanated EMR signals and then locate the EMR source, i.e., the analog-to-digital converter module embedded in the mixed signal system-on-chips. Since these unintentional EMR signals can be extremely noisy and weak, accurately detecting them can be challenging. To address this challenge, we design an EMR Catalyzing method to actively stimulate the EMR signals and then employ an adaptive-folding algorithm to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensed EMRs. We evaluate the performance of
DeHiREC
on 18 commercial voice recorders under various impacts, including interference from other devices. Experimental results reveal that
DeHiREC
is effective in detecting all 18 voice recorders and achieves an overall success rate of 94.72% and a recall rate of 92.03% at a distance of 0.2 m.
Improving Workplace Well-being in Modern Organizations: A Review of Large Language Model-based Mental Health Chatbots
Authors: Yuan Aijia , Garcia Colato Edlin , Pescosolido Bernice , Song Hyunju , Samtani Sagar
Published: October 2024

The global rise in mental disorders, particularly in workplaces, necessitated innovative and scalable solutions for delivering therapy. Large Language Model (LLM)-based mental health chatbots have rapidly emerged as a promising tool for overcoming the time, cost, and accessibility constraints often associated with traditional mental health therapy. However, LLM-based mental health chatbots are in their nascency, with significant opportunities to enhance their capabilities to operate within organizational contexts. To this end, this research seeks to examine the role and development of LLMs in mental health chatbots over the past half-decade. Through our review, we identified over 50 mental health-related chatbots, including 22 LLM-based models targeting general mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, and suicide ideation. These chatbots are primarily used for emotional support and guidance but often lack capabilities specifically designed for workplace mental health, where such issues are increasingly prevalent. The review covers their development, applications, evaluation, ethical concerns, integration with traditional services, LLM-as-a-Service, and various other business implications in organizational settings. We provide a research illustration of how LLM-based approaches could overcome the identified limitations and also offer a system that could help facilitate systematic evaluation of LLM-based mental health chatbots. We offer suggestions for future research tailored to workplace mental health needs.
The Effect of Ambidextrous CIO Leadership on Strategic Alignment Through Knowledge Integration Mechanisms
Authors: Eom Mike Taein , Kahai Surinder , Yayla Alper
Published: October 2024

Information technology (IT)-business alignment continues to be a challenge for businesses. A potential reason may be the absence of relevant IT leadership capable of engaging IT and business units in a way that leads to alignment. Based on the knowledge integration view of organizations and the strategic leadership literature, we propose a model linking chief information officer (CIO) leadership style to IT-business alignment. We examine how ambidextrous CIO leadership behavior influences IT-business alignment through knowledge integration mechanisms, namely mechanisms that develop shared domain knowledge between IT and business specialists and mechanisms for collaborative integration of specialized IT and business knowledge. Analysis of cross-industry data collected from CIOs, top management team members, and IT specialists indicates that CIOs who can display both transformational and transactional leadership promote these mediating mechanisms. Moreover, the results show that these mechanisms have a substitutive effect, in that the effect of one mechanism diminishes when the other exists at a high level.
Aspects of E-Government Interoperation: Case Study Research for Discovery Beyond Interoperability as Layered Capability
Authors: Goldkuhl Göran
Published: October 2024

How different public agencies and their digital artifacts work together (often labeled as interoperability) is considered to be an important area for a successful evolution of e-government. Key knowledge in this area is the structuring into four different layers of interoperability: legal, organizational, semantic, and technical interoperability. This paper challenges this received view of digital interoperation. It does so through an in-depth qualitative case study on the management of digital medical certificates and an inductive and abductive data analysis. Twelve aspects of digital interoperation have emerged through this study. The aspects have been divided into two categories: intrinsic (aspects that directly relate to the digital transfer of information) and extrinsic (aspects that shape different parts of digital interoperation from the outside). Six intrinsic aspects have been identified (relational, performative, semantic, informational, architectural, and technical). These intrinsic categories also have roles as extrinsic. Besides these, there are six more extrinsic aspects (normative, regulative, economic, cognitive, interactive, and temporal). Based on empirical insights and theorizing, the paper argues for a broadening of interoperability as not only the capability to interoperate. A broader notion comprises a mix of organizational, human, and digital pre-conditions for interoperation.
Benchmarking Mobile Deep Learning Software
Authors: Zhang Qiyang , Xu Mengwei
Published: October 2024

Deploying deep learning (DL) on mobile devices has become increasingly prevalent. DL software libraries are crucial for efficient on-device inference, alongside algorithms and hardware. However, there has been limited understanding on the performance of modern DL libraries. We fill this gap by benchmarking 6 popular DL libraries and 15 diverse models across 10 mobile devices, which reveal an unsatisfactory landscape of mobile DL: their performance is highly disparate and fragmented across different models and hardware, and the impacts often surpass algorithm or hardware optimizations, such as model quantization and GPU/NPU-based computing. Finally, we provide practical implications for stakeholders in the DL library ecosystem, and envision a more ambitious picture of future mobile AI landscape in the LLM era.
Time-Dependent Diffusion MRI Helps Predict Molecular Subtypes and Treatment Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Ba Ruicheng , Huang Yao , Cao Ying , Chen Huifang , Xu Hanshan , Shen Hesong , Liu Daihong , Huang Haiping , Yin Ting , Wu Dan , Zhang Jiuquan
Published: October 2024

Time-dependent diffusion MRI–based microstructural mapping was shown to be an effective method in helping to identify molecular subtypes and predict pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in participants with breast cancer.
Construction of α-Fe2O3 Nanorods/UiO-66-NH2 by in-situ Growth with Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr (VI)
Authors: Ma Tianqi , Wang Xin , Liu Ziyan , Su Biyun , Wu Ruiming , Chen Jiayi
Published: October 2024

Cr (VI) is widely used in industry but its high toxicity causes environmental pollution that needs addressing. The growth of photosensitive materials on semiconductor surfaces can successfully stop photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination, increasing photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, α-Fe2O3 nanorods/UiO-66-NH2 compounds were successfully obtained through the in situ solvothermal approach. By using 2-aminoterephthalic acid in the solvothermal treatment of Zr4+ adsorbed α-Fe2O3 nanorods, the UiO-66-NH2 nanocrystals were evenly distributed on the nanorods. In addition, the reduction efficiency of wastewater reached 93% after 150 min of light exposure, much higher than uncompounded materials. Moreover, the α-Fe2O3/UiO-66-NH2 crystals had good regeneration ability, retaining 73% of Cr (VI) removal capacity after four cycles. In this process, α-Fe2O3 and UiO-66-NH2 effectively complexed to form a heterojunction, which effectively suppressed the complexation of electrons (e−) and holes (h+). This efficient complex facilitates the photocatalytic degradation of highly noxious Cr (VI) to Cr (III) under visible light. The efficient Cr (VI) elimination ability comes from the photocatalytic reduction mechanism where they form a special interface to promote the movement of electrons and holes for efficient removal. This work provides both a new approach for in situ synthesis and a reference for efficient Cr (VI) elimination.
ITGA3 participates in the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion by downregulating ULK1-mediated autophagy to inhibiting trophoblast function
Authors: Wang Rui qi , Dai Fangfang , Deng Zhimin , Tang Lujia , Liu Hua , Xia Liangbin , Cheng Yanxiang
Published: October 2024

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a significant challenge encountered by couples of reproductive ages, with inadequate trophoblast invasion identified as a primary factor in RSA pathogenesis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which trophoblast cells dysfunction leads to RSA remain incompletely understood. Research has highlighted the critical role of integrins in embryo implantation and development. While integrin α-3 (ITGA3) is recognized for its promotion of invasion in cancer cells, its involvement in miscarriage remains poorly characterized. This investigation initially assessed ITGA3 expression in villous tissues obtained from RSA patients and induced abortion patients. The findings demonstrated a notable reduction in ITGA3 levels in the villous tissues of RSA patients compared control group. Subsequent in vitro analyses indicated that ITGA3 knockdown inhibited the migration, invasion, and proliferation of trophoblast cells. Through RNA sequencing and subsequent experimentation, it was revealed that ITGA3 regulated ULK1-mediated autophagy to influence trophoblast cells invasion, migration, and proliferation. Furthermore, utilizing a miscarriage animal model, the diminished expression of ITGA3 and ULK1 in the placentas of RSA mice was confirmed. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that the downregulation of ITGA3 suppresses ULK1 expression, consequently impeding autophagy to initiation and impeding trophoblast cells invasion and migration, thereby contributing to the pathological progression of RSA.
Healthy plasma lipidomic signatures depend on sex, age, body mass index, and contraceptives but not perceived stress
Authors: Hahnefeld Lisa , Hackel Juliane , Trautmann Sandra , Angioni Carlo , Schreiber Yannick , Gurke Robert , Thomas Dominique , Wicker Sabine , Geisslinger Gerd , Tegeder Irmgard
Published: October 2024

Perceived stress (PSQ questionnaire) depends on the interaction of “sex × age × BMI.” Plasma lipid profiles depend on sex and age. Natural sex differences are exacerbated by the use of contraceptives. Perceived stress is not correlated with specific plasma lipids or lipidomic profiles. Women have high LPA:LPC ratios in association with high levels of autotaxin.
Gene expression responses of CF airway epithelial cells exposed to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor suggest benefits beyond improved CFTR channel function
Authors: Hampton Thomas H. , Barnaby Roxanna , Roche Carolyn , Nymon Amanda , Fukutani Kiyoshi Ferreira , MacKenzie Todd A. , Charpentier Lily A. , Stanton Bruce A.
Published: October 2024

Gene expression responses by CF AECs exposed to ETI suggest that in addition to improving CFTR channel function, ETI is likely to enhance resistance to bacterial infection by increasing levels of beta-defensin 1 (hBD-1). ETI may also reduce lung damage by suppressing MMP10 and MMP12 and reduce airway inflammation by repressing proinflammatory cytokine secretion by CF AECs.
Ultrastructural analysis of lamellar bodies in type II alveolar epithelial cells in the human lung
Authors: Vanhecke Dimitri , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Haenni Beat , Schipke Julia , Ochs Matthias
Published: October 2024

Human lung type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) and their surfactant-storing lamellar bodies (LBs) are characterized quantitatively and ultrastructurally by transmission electron microscopy, serial section electron tomography, and stereology. On average, the 24 billion AEC2 in a human lung contain 324 LBs each. An intermediate surfactant pool in the human lung, comprising LBs in AEC2 not only directly but also indirectly connected to the plasma membrane via inter-LB connections, is demonstrated morphologically and characterized quantitatively.
Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) urinary bladder ion and water transport is enhanced by acclimation to higher salinity to serve water balance
Authors: Folkerts Erik J. , Grosell Martin
Published: October 2024

Novel experiments showcasing increased urinary bladder water absorption, ion transport, and altered channel/transporter expression in a marine fish acclimated to high salinities. Our results provide additional and noteworthy mechanistic insight into the ionoregulatory processes controlling water transport at the level of the urinary bladder in marine teleosts. Experimental outcomes are applied to whole organism-level water transport values, and the relative importance of marine teleost urinary bladder function to overall organism water conservatory measures is discussed.
Is muscle sympathetic nerve activity associated with cerebral blood velocity? A partial coherence analysis
Authors: Toschi-Dias Edgar , Nogueira Ricardo C. , Silva Edna O. , Amaro-Vicente Graziela , Negrão Carlos E. , Rondon Maria Urbana P. B. , Panerai Ronney B.
Published: October 2024

Partial coherence analysis has been instrumental in demonstrating, for the first time, that cerebral blood velocity (CBv) is continuously influenced, not only by fluctuations in mean arterial pressure but also muscle sympathetic nervous activity (MSNA), leading to similar dynamic responses at rest and during different sympathoexcitatory maneuvers in healthy subjects. Modeling the temporal relationship between MSNA and CBv opens new opportunities for advancing knowledge regarding the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of cerebral circulation in health and disease.
Toward a Better Understanding of Statistical Significance and p Values in Nursing
Authors: Holmberg Christopher
Published: October 2024

Background: Nursing aims to rely on the best evidence, yet nurses frequently struggle with statistics, impeding the integration of research into practice. The misuse of statistical significance and p values is a pervasive issue, widely debated across disciplines but often overlooked in nursing.

Objective: This study seeks to elucidate key arguments surrounding the misuse of p values, assess their relevance to nursing, and propose recommendations for improvement.

Approach: Conducting a critical literature review on the interpretation and reporting of statistical significance and its practical implications among nurses, nursing students, and scholars.

Results: The literature reveals widespread misunderstandings of probability concepts in classical statistics, leading to the misuse of p values. Some scholars propose abandoning p values altogether due to these challenges. Rather than dismissing p values, this article provides insights into their historical context and proper application. Recommendations are offered for accurately interpreting results and integrating supplementary metrics. Fostering statistical competencies already at the undergraduate level can enhance statistical literacy and alleviate statistics anxiety among nursing students, a prevalent issue. Early exposure to statistical methods in nursing education empowers nurses to actively engage in research. Additional recommendations include preregistering analysis plans to mitigate publication bias and exploring alternative approaches such as Bayesian methods.

Conclusions: While p values serve as a valuable tool for preliminary assessment against randomness in nursing research, their widespread misunderstanding necessitates multiple measures for accurate interpretation and understanding of statistical significance. It is imperative for nurse educators and researchers to incorporate these recommendations into their practices.
Distant Metastases of Breast Cancer Resemble Primary Tumors in Cancer Cell Composition but Differ in Immune Cell Phenotypes
Authors: Kuett Laura , Bollhagen Alina , Tietscher Sandra , Sobottka Bettina , Eling Nils , Varga Zsuzsanna , Moch Holger , de Souza Natalie , Bodenmiller Bernd
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, with distant metastasis being the main cause of breast cancer–related deaths. Elucidating the changes in the tumor and immune ecosystems that are associated with metastatic disease is essential to improve understanding and ultimately treatment of metastasis. Here, we developed an in-depth, spatially resolved single-cell atlas of the phenotypic diversity of tumor and immune cells in primary human breast tumors and matched distant metastases, using imaging mass cytometry to analyze a total of 75 unique antibody targets. Although the same tumor cell phenotypes were typically present in primary tumors and metastatic sites, suggesting a strong founder effect of the primary tumor, their proportions varied between matched samples. Notably, the metastatic site did not influence tumor phenotype composition, except for the brain. Metastatic sites exhibited a lower number of immune cells overall but had a higher proportion of myeloid cells as well as exhausted and cytotoxic T cells. Myeloid cells showed distinct tissue-specific compositional signatures and increased presence of potentially matrix remodeling phenotypes in metastatic sites. This analysis of tumor and immune cell phenotypic composition of metastatic breast cancer highlights the heterogeneity of the disease within patients and across distant metastatic sites, indicating myeloid cells as the predominant immune modulators that could potentially be targeted at these sites.

Significance: Multiplex imaging analysis of matched primary and metastatic breast tumors provides a phenotypic and spatial map of tumor microenvironments, revealing similar compositions of cancer cells and divergent immunologic features between matched samples.
AKT and the Hallmarks of Cancer
Authors: Sementino Eleonora , Hassan Dalal , Bellacosa Alfonso , Testa Joseph R.
Published: October 2024

Nearly a quarter century ago, Hanahan and Weinberg conceived six unifying principles explaining how normal cells transform into malignant tumors. Their provisional set of biological capabilities acquired during tumor development—cancer hallmarks—would evolve to 14 tenets as knowledge of cancer genomes, molecular mechanisms, and the tumor microenvironment expanded, most recently adding four emerging enabling characteristics: phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic reprogramming, polymorphic microbiomes, and senescent cells. AKT kinases are critical signaling molecules that regulate cellular physiology upon receptor tyrosine kinases and PI3K activation. The complex branching of the AKT signaling network involves several critical downstream nodes that significantly magnify its functional impact, such that nearly every organ system and cell in the body may be affected by AKT activity. Conversely, tumor-intrinsic dysregulation of AKT can have numerous adverse cellular and pathologic ramifications, particularly in oncogenesis, as multiple tumor suppressors and oncogenic proteins regulate AKT signaling. Herein, we review the mounting evidence implicating the AKT pathway in the aggregate of currently recognized hallmarks of cancer underlying the complexities of human malignant diseases. The challenges, recent successes, and likely areas for exciting future advances in targeting this complex pathway are also discussed.
Supplementary Table S4 from Incorporating Alternative Polygenic Risk Scores into the BOADICEA Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model
Authors: Mavaddat Nasim , Ficorella Lorenzo , Carver Tim , Lee Andrew , Cunningham Alex P. , Lush Michael , Dennis Joe , Tischkowitz Marc , Downes Kate , Hu Donglei , Hahnen Eric , Schmutzler Rita K. , Stockley Tracy L. , Downs Gregory S. , Zhang Tong , Chiarelli Anna M. , Bojesen Stig E. , Liu Cong , Chung Wendy K. , Pardo Monica , Feliubadaló Lidia , Balmaña Judith , Simard Jacques , Antoniou Antonis C. , Easton Douglas F.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S4shows SNPs and weights used in the alternative PRS.