bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic Bioinformatics Analysis of Uterus After Myomectomy
Authors: Jiang Lili , Cheng Chuanxin , Sheng Xinmei
Published: March 2020

Objective: The myomectomy will affect the shape of uterine wall. Ultrasound can analyze the bioinformatics characteristics of uterus such as shape and blood flow in vivo. The aim of this study is to analyze the ultrasonographic bioinformatics of uterus after myomectomy. Methods:
A total of 127 patients underwent myomectomy were examined by ultrasonography before operation, and 7 d, 1 m, 3 m, and 6 m after operation. The changes of uterine echo and blood signals were observed and recorded. Results: The mean volume of uterus was (152 ± 64) cm3
before myomectomy. During 6 m after operation, the uterus volume in all patients was decreased gradually. At 7 d and 1 m after operation, the mean volume of uterus was (73 ± 22) cm3 and (54 ± 23) cm3, respectively (about 48% and 36% of volume before operation).
Different degree of scar echo appeared in 43 patients (33.8%). The diameter of scars was decreased remarkably during 6 months after myomectomy, especially 1 month after operation. Conclusion: The bioinformatics characteristics of uterus changed obviously before and after myomectomy. Ultrasonography
is useful to evaluate these changed.
Combined Imaging and Serum Bioinformatics Analysis for Neonatal Infectious Pneumonia
Authors: Li Yalin
Published: March 2020

Objective: The morbidity and mortality of neonatal pneumonia are high, and the clinical manifestations are often lack of specificity. The aim of this study was to analyze the combined imaging and serum bioinformatics characteristic in neonatal infectious pneumonia, in order to
provided a useful early diagnosis methods. Methods: A total of 38 patients with neonatal infectious pneumonia and 20 children with neonatal jaundice (control group) was analyzed respectively. The imaging and serum bioinformatics characteristic, including the white blood cell (WBC),
and C-reactive protein (CRP), was used to diagnosis disease. Results: The imaging features of neonatal infectious pneumonia are complex and variable, ranging from slight thickening of lung texture to obstructive emphysema. Compared with control group, the WBC, and CRP in pneumonia group
is significantly higher. The sensitivity of WBC, and CRP in infection group was 67.4%, 80.4.4%, individually, and increased to 96.7% in combination. Conclusion: The specificity of simple imaging analysis is not enough. Combined imaging and serum bioinformatics characteristic are good
indicator for differential diagnosis of neonatal infectious pneumonia.
Modified Intravascular Interventional Operation of Balloon-Bound Elastase Induction Method to Establish Rabbit Aneurysm Model Using Cardiovascular Angiography
Authors: Chen Chunguang , Liang Fei , Zhang Yupeng , Jiang Chuhan
Published: March 2020

Objective: In this paper, we establish a simple, efficient and stable rabbit aneurysm model using modified intravascular interventional operation of balloon-bound elastase induction method. Methods: We selected 20 healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits. An aortic aneurysm
model of rabbit right common carotid artery was established by modified intravascular interventional balloon-binding elastase induction method using cardiovascular angiography. The cerebral angiography confirmed the model successfully after 4 weeks. Some animals were given paraffin-embedded
H-E staining and elastic fiber staining after sacrifice. Angiography was performed for all experiments to build our models and to confirm our findings. Results: Two rabbits died during postoperative feeding, and the remaining 18 rabbits were cultured for 4 weeks and confirmed by angiography
to make an aneurysm model. The success rate of aneurysm was 90%, the diameter of the tumor-bearing artery was 3.12±0.20, the short diameter of the tumor was 3.41±0.88, the long diameter of the tumor was 6.30±1.65, and the width of the neck was 3.49±0.80. HE pathology
showed that the destruction of the elastic layer of the aneurysm disappeared, similar to the pathological changes of human aneurysms. Conclusions: The rabbit model of aneurysm was established by modified intravascular intervention combined with elastase induction based on angiography.
It is similar to human aneurysm in morphology, histology and hemodynamics. The method is simple, the damage is small, the aneurysmal formation rate is high, and the performance is high. Stable and reliable, low production cost, it is an ideal animal model for the development of preclinical
neurological interventional devices.
Analysis of Respiratory Mechanisms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Under the Effects of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Combined with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Wu Jianhua , Fu Yuyu , Gao Xiaohua , Huang Chunling , Xu Xiaoting , Li Yan
Published: March 2020

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the respiratory mechanical effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride combined with intraoperative pulmonary continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation on pulmonary function and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during one-lung ventilation. Methods: Eighty patients with COPD who underwent thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were selected and their conditions were validated using chest X-rays. They were then divided into 4 groups in the
light of the random number table (n = 20), the regular group (group-C), the penehyclidine hydrochloride group (Group-P), CPAP ventilation group (Group A) and combination group (PA group). All patients underwent mechanical ventilation after double lumen bronchial intubation, inhaled
oxygen concentration 100%, oxygen flow 2 L/min, VT 6~8 ml/kg, RR 10~14 times/min, single lung ventilation (OLV) RR 12~16 times/min, maintaining PETCO2 40~45 mmHg. Before the endotracheal intubation, the P group and the PA group were intravenously infused with penehyclidine
hydrochloride 0.01 mg/kg. After the start of the incision, each group was changed to OLV. During the OLV of groups A and PA, the lungs of the operation side were CPAP. The pressure is 2 cm H2O. The respiratory mechanics parameters (Ppeak, Pplat , Raw,
Cdyn) were monitored immediately before the incision (T1), OLV 60 min (T2), and OLV 120 min (T3). The blood gas analysis of the radial artery was collected at T2, and the OI, RI was calculated. VD/VT
, Aa DO2; venous blood was collected at 120 minutes (OL) of OLV, serum concentrations IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 were detected by EELISA; pulmonary complications occurred within 72 hours after operation. Results: Compared with group C, the serum concentrations TNF-α,
IL-6, IL-10, Ppeak, Pplat , Raw, RI, VD/VT, A-aDO2 and pulmonary complications were lower in group P and PA. Cdyn and OI increased (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 in group A decreased,
the incidence of RI, VD/VT, A-aDO2 and pulmonary complications decreased, and OI increased (P < 0.05); compared with group-P or group-A, the concentration of serum IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 in the PA group, RI, VD/VT, A-aDO2 and pulmonary complications decreased,
and OI increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the single application, penehyclidine hydrochloride combined with CPAP ventilation can improve lung function, inhibit inflammation and reduce lung injury in patients with COPD during thoracoscopic surgery, and help to improve
prognosis.
Recapitulation of the Genetic Association of PLXNA2 with Bone Density and Osteoporosis via In Vitro Experiments Using a Korean Female Cohort
Authors: Park Sangwook , Oh Ji-Eun , Jin Hyun-Seok
Published: March 2020

Osteoporosis is a bone disorder in which the imbalance of osteoclasts and osteoblasts leads to bone-destructive diseases especially among elderly women. Several factors, including genetic and environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Bone mineral density
(BMD) is a robust factor that influences osteoporosis; the development of osteoporosis in the elderly is estimated based on the BMD. Our previous microarray assay using murine preosteoblast cells revealed that Plexin A2 is associated with the differentiation and mineralization of bone-forming
osteoblasts via bone morphogenetic protein 2 signaling. For our in vitro replication study using a Korean female cohort, we analyzed the genetic variation of PLEXIN A2 (PLXNA2) and its paralog genes (PLXNA1, A3, and A4) based on 125 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated
with bone density and osteoporosis. In this study, the PLXNA2 gene was confirmed as a robust candidate gene associated with osteoporosis in Korean women. We have demonstrated that the SNPs rs4844649 (p = 9.3×10−3) and rs3748737 (p = 2.7×10−3)
of PLXNA2 were the most significantly associated with bone density and osteoporosis, respectively. Consequently, this study demonstrates that the PLXNA2 gene is implicated in bone metabolism, further supporting the genetic association between polymorphisms in PLXNA2 and
osteoporosis. Our current findings also suggest that polymorphisms in PLXNA2 may serve as feasible clinical targets for osteoporosis treatment in the future.
Predicting Center of Gravity Displacement During Walking Using a Single Inertial Sensor and Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Choi Ahnryul , Jung Hyunwoo , Kim Hyunggun , Mun Joung Hwan
Published: March 2020

Center of gravity (CG) trajectory during walking has been used as an important indicator to understand the mechanism of pathological walking. Kinematic method using optical motion analysis system and force plate method using ground reaction force are conventionally used to calculate
CG trajectory during gait. However, there is a limitation in that expensive experimental equipment is needed to measure it. The purpose of this study was to develop a long short-term memory (LSTM) network model that could estimate the CG trajectory during gait based on a low-cost portable
inertial sensor signal. Twenty healthy adult males (age: 24.2±2.1 years; height: 171.4±5.2 cm; weight: 67.5±7.4 kg) who had no history of musculoskeletal disorders were participated in the study. Based on the optical motion capture system, CG trajectories have been calculated
using highly accurate kinematic method. Input variables of the LSTM model consisted of a total of six signals of three-axis acceleration and angular velocity. Data were divided into training/validation/testing data at a ratio of 80/10/10. Performance was evaluated utilizing 10-fold cross-validation.
As a result of model estimation, the Pearson correlation coefficient of about 0.9 or more and root mean square error values ranging from 3.9 to 31 mm were obtained in anterior/posterior, proximal/distal, and medial/lateral directions. These results confirmed that the CG trajectory during walking
could be estimated by using low cost, small wearable inertial sensor. This novel CG prediction method has potential to evaluate pathological gait by incorporating patient walking data.
Novel Framework for Knee Arthroscopic Image Enhancement
Authors: Kim Changi , Han Junghun , Yoon Giwon , Kim Dongjin , Yang Sejung
Published: March 2020

An arthroscope is a tool for allowing an endoscope to be inserted directly into the inside of a joint to observe its structure, in contrast to X-rays, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, which directly capture pictures of a joint. Therefore, it can effectively treat
joint diseases by identifying causes of pain that are not found by, e.g., computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, joint endoscopy has a very high cost, is very burdensome for patients, and has problems in regards to infection when being re-used. Thus, we developed disposable
joint endoscopic camera modules for preventing re-use and infection, and researched approaches to reducing patient waiting times and cost burdens. In that regard, it is necessary to improve the brightness and color of the images, as they are used for compacting and disposal of the camera modules.
In addition, we studied methods for improving automatic images, as image colors may vary (owing to blood or other foreign substances) when observed using the arthroscope. The proposed framework is divided into two sequences. First, we perform a histogram modification algorithm as an image
enhancement technique. This results in a brightness optimization effect on the arthroscopic image. Second, we conduct a high saturation color mapping before proceeding to the next step. In particular, one of the reference points for diagnosing a disease is color information; thus, the improvement
of color saturation is considered first in the color mapping. The proposed method provides better brightness values while preserving color information.
The Meaning of Bonds: The Relationships Among Grief Rituals, Support From Relatives and Friends, and the Mental Health of Shiduers
Authors: Zhang Yudi , Jia Xiaoming
Published: March 2020

Previous studies have sporadically explored the effect of various bonds on the mental health of shiduers (i.e., parents who lost their only child). However, research has rarely classified different bonds to systematically describe their effects. This study administered a self-compiled questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the posttraumatic stress disorder Checklist, the Prolonged Grief Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale to 466 shiduers. The commemoration rituals that occur soon after the loss predict a lower level of posttraumatic stress disorder. Similarly, the commemoration rituals that occur on special days predict lower levels of depression and anxiety. In contrast, the continuation of commemoration rituals on ordinary days predicts higher levels of depression and prolonged grief. Support from family members and relatives, other shiduers, and nonshiduer friends are all beneficial to shiduers’ mental health.
Cumulative Lifetime Adversity in a National Sample of Hispanic/Latino Immigrants: Exploring Construct Validity Across Six Hispanic/Latino Groups Using Data From the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study
Authors: Cooper Daniel K. , Nickodem Kyle
Published: March 2020

Hispanic/Latino immigrants often experience significant adversity before, during, and after migrating to the United States. However, no extant studies have tested the construct validity of a cumulative measure of lifetime adversity with Hispanic/Latino immigrants. Our objective was to assess the construct validity of a comprehensive measurement model of lifetime adversity (i.e., adverse childhood experiences, adult chronic stress, adult perceived stress, adult acculturation stress, and lifetime ethnic discrimination) with a national sample of Hispanic/Latinos born outside the mainland United States. Guided by the life course perspective, we examined the (a) dimensionality of cumulative lifetime adversity; (b) extent to which the functioning of this measurement model differed across various Hispanic/Latino subgroups including Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Central Americans, and South Americans; and (c) association between cumulative lifetime adversity and other constructs (e.g., anxiety and depression). We used existing data from the Hispanic Community Health Survey/Study of Latinos—Sociocultural Ancillary Study, a national survey of Hispanic/Latinos living in the United States ( N = 3,296). Results from confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a five-factor bifactor measurement model for cumulative lifetime adversity fit the data adequately (e.g., comparative fit index = .91, root mean square error of approximation = .04, standardized root mean square residual = .07). Results from multigroup confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the measurement model functioned similarly across Hispanic/Latino subgroups, providing evidence for measurement invariance. The model also displayed convergent and discriminant validity based on associations with other constructs. We discuss implications for advancing the precision of assessment instruments for lifetime adversity with populations with high within-group diversity.
Webs of fiesta-related trade: Chinese imports, investment and reciprocity in La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: Müller Juliane
Published: March 2020

The public display and lavish spending of wealth for other-than-economic ends has been a topic of vital importance in anthropology and sociology. Studies on the expansion of markets and transnational mobility in Latin American rely on the persistent idea that new economic riches are turned into recognition, prestige and power through feast sponsorship in home communities. In this article, I demonstrate that among Bolivian traders who regularly source in Chile and China, stewardship of a dance group for a patronal fiesta in La Paz has ceased to be a sponsorship and become an investment. Traders have integrated the advance of fiesta-related money into their loops of capital, but they also depend on social ties and reciprocal obligations to make a profit. A translocal perspective is deployed in order to understand the entanglement of trading and feasting: traders’ experiences with the global economy and the persistence of fiesta-specific forms of mutuality as well as the principle of rotation of the stewardship. I argue that as webs of fiesta-related trades and services change year after year, business opportunities are temporarily distributed.
Lukács in the 1920s and the 2020s: The practice and praxis of intellectual history
Authors: Westerman Richard
Published: March 2020

This article examines different intellectual-historical approaches to the work of Georg Lukács, arguing that a methodology similar to that of the Cambridge School is, curiously, that most in line with Lukács’s own approach. I begin with some general methodological comments on intellectual history, before showing that a proper appreciation of the discourses within which Lukács was situated is essential to understanding both the specifics and the overall project of History and Class Consciousness. Finally, I argue that situating thinkers like Lukács properly within their time does not reduce them to museum pieces; rather, by seeking to capture the alterity of the past without reducing it to familiarity, we may de-reify our own world-views.
Pathways Linking Intimate Partner Violence and Postpartum Depression Among Jewish and Arab Women in Israel
Authors: Shwartz Nitza , O’Rourke Norm , Daoud Nihaya
Published: March 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD), with 9% to 28% of PPD cases reporting IPV at some point in their lives. Yet little is known about how these phenomena are associated. We asked, “What direct and indirect pathways link IPV to PPD in women belonging to different ethnic–national groups in Israel?” We recruited a stratified sample of Jewish and Arab women, 18 to 48 years old and 6 months postpartum, during their visits to maternal and child health clinics. We computed path analyses to identify both direct and indirect predictors linking IPV frequency and PPD in a stratified sample of Jewish ( n = 807) and Arab ( n = 248) women. The overall rate of PPD was estimated at 10.3%, whereas the rate of IPV for the total sample was 36%. We identified a direct link between IPV and PPD. IPV also appeared to have an equivalent, indirect effect on PPD via greater chronic stress and reduced social support. IPV was greater and social support was lower for Arab women, who also reported higher PPD, independent of sociodemographic differences between ethnic groups (i.e., education, occupation). Of note, an unplanned pregnancy appeared to increase the risk of both IPV and PPD. Our findings suggest that complex pathways link IPV to PPD and that indirect effects of IPV are equivalent to its direct effects on postpartum women. These findings contribute to a growing international body of research showing the significant effects of IPV on health and well-being. The factors we identified as directly and indirectly associated with PPD might inform interventions to identify and treat PPD.
The Public Service Motivated Volunteer: Devoting Time or Effort?
Authors: Costello Joyce , Homberg Fabian , Secchi Davide
Published: March 2020

Non-profit organizations, corporate volunteer programs, and government workplace schemes are asking volunteers for their time and effort. But, with the changes in how people volunteer, such as episodic, micro, and cyber volunteering, those managing volunteers need to understand whether they should focus on encouraging volunteers to donate more time or effort. Using public service motivation to measure volunteer’s propensity to engage in volunteering, we compare three outcomes: time spent volunteering, frequency of volunteering, and volunteering intensity. In a sample of 411 volunteers, we find public service motivation is associated with more time spent volunteering, increased frequency, and higher levels of volunteering intensity. However, volunteering intensity explains the most variance. These findings suggest that how the individual perceives they exert volunteering intensity may be useful among public service motivated volunteers.
An ultrasonic inverse scattering imaging technique for defect located at an arbitrary position in the cylindrical material
Authors: Zhou Hongming , Ji Xiaoming , Li Peiyuan
Published: March 2020

In order to meet the quantitative nondestructive evaluation requirements for a cylindrical material, an ultrasonic inverse scattering technique is proposed to reconstruct the defect located at an arbitrary position in the cylindrical material, which can obtain the quantitative geometrical information of a defect from the backscattering data. In order to overcome the problem of incident wave amplitude variation with the relative position between transducer and defect due to the diffraction effect of ultrasonic transducer, the backscattering signal is corrected before input to the defect reconstruction. Three aluminum cylindrical specimens with elliptical defect or circular defect are prepared for experiments, and the results proved the feasibility and validity of this method.
Responses of vertical axis wind turbines to gusty winds
Authors: Wu Zhenlong , Wang Qiang , Bangga Galih , Huang Hao
Published: March 2020

Gust is a common atmospheric condition encountered by wind turbines. Despite the presence of a vast amount of literature on this topic, few of them involve lateral gust influence. Due to this motivation, this paper presents an investigation on the effects of sinusoidal gusts on a three-bladed vertical axis wind turbine under varying gust parameters including gust direction, velocity amplitude, and frequency. The chimera mesh technique is used to model the real rotation of the rotor, as well as the resolved gust approach model in the DLR (German Aerospace Center) TAU code for gust simulation. Both the general aerodynamic computational fluid dynamics model and the gust model are validated before the following simulations. Numerous new flow phenomena and physics are revealed. The influences of gust on the rotor power output and flowfield characteristics are discussed and analyzed in detail. The findings in this study may be helpful for some practical wind engineering applications, such as atmospheric influence evaluation and field site selection.
The chronopolitics of racial time
Authors: Mills Charles W
Published: March 2020

This paper begins with a general discussion of chronopolitics and how I intend to apply the term in connection with Eviatar Zerubavel’s “time maps,” using familiar religious and secular examples to illustrate the concept. Then, drawing on recent philosophical and historical work on race and racism, I argue for political “racial” times, albeit of contested periodizations. The uncontroversially racialized time of white modernity then provides the primary focus. Finally, I conclude with a call for the resetting of the Euro-chronometer, whose oppressive temporality has historically come in both left and right versions.
Rapid sequence induction/intubation controversies
Authors: Kriswidyatomo Prihatma , Paramitha Maharani Pradnya
Published: March 2020

Backgrounds:

Since its first definition and publication on 1970, Rapid Sequence Induction / Intubation (RSI) technique has been accepted globally as the “standard” for doing rapid intubation after induction of anesthesia for patients with high risk of aspiration, especially in emergency situation. However, this technique is not so much a “standard” as there are numerous variations on its practice based on national surveys. Anesthesia providers have their own opinions on the practice of RSI components which need to be discussed to assess their advantages and disadvantages, while there has been no review article which discussed these controversies in the last ten years.

Objectives:

To review the technique differences within RSI protocols.

Methods:

Online databases were searched, including MEDLINE and COCHRANE for each step in the original RSI protocol using keywords such as: “rapid sequence induction” or “rapid sequence intubation” or “RSI” and “controversies” or “head position” or “cricoid pressure” or “neuromuscular blocking agent” or “NMBA” or positive pressure ventilation” or “PPV”; and so on. Articles were then sorted out based on relevancy.

Results and conclusion:

Supported by new evidence, RSI practices may differ in: the positioning of patient, choices of induction agent, application of cricoid pressure, choices of neuromuscular blocking agent, and the use of positive pressure ventilation. A more updated and standardized guideline should be established by referring and evaluating to these controversies.
Adaptive control of normal load at the friction interface of bladed disks using giant magnetostrictive material
Authors: Afzal Mohammad , Kari Leif , Lopez Arteaga Ines
Published: March 2020

A novel application of magnetostrictive actuators in underplatform dampers of bladed disks is proposed for adaptive control of the normal load at the friction interface to achieve the desired friction damping in the structure. Friction damping in a bladed disk depends on operating parameters, such as rotational speed, engine excitation order, nodal diameter normal contact load, and contact interface parameters, such as contact stiffness and friction coefficient. The operating parameters have a fixed value, whereas the contact interface parameters vary in an unpredictable way at an operating point. However, the ability to vary some of these parameters such as the normal contact load in a controlled manner is desirable to attain an optimum damping in the bladed disk at different operating conditions. Under the influence of an external magnetic field, magnetostrictive materials develop an internal strain that can be exploited to vary the normal contact load at the friction interface, which makes them a potentially good candidate for this application. A commercially available magnetostrictive alloy, Terfenol-D is considered in this analysis that is capable of providing magnetostrain up to 2 × 10-3 under prestress and a blocked force over 1500 N. A linearized model of the magnetostrictive material, which is accurate enough for a direct current application, is employed to compute the output force of the actuator. A nonlinear finite element contact analysis is performed to compute the normal contact load between the blade platform and the underplatform damper as a result of magnetostrictive actuation. The nonlinear contact analysis is performed for different actuator mounting configurations and the obtained results are discussed. The proposed solution is potentially applicable to adaptively control vibratory stresses in bladed disks and consequently to reduce failure due to high-cycle fatigue. Finally, the practical challenges in employing magnetostrictive actuators in underplatform dampers are discussed.
Advance Care Planning in Chronically Ill Persons Diagnosed With Heart Failure or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Integrative Review
Authors: Williams Molly T. , Kozachik Sharon L. , Karlekar Mohana , Wright Rebecca
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Advance care planning (ACP) discussions help guide future medical care consistent with patient wishes. These discussions should be a part of routine care and should be readdressed frequently as a patient’s medical condition changes. Limited literature exists supporting structured processes for identifying persons who may benefit from these conversations. The purpose of this integrative review was to understand whether targeting patients with episodic disease trajectories in the acute care setting will increase their willingness to participate in ACP discussions.

Methods:

Using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model as a guideline, this integrative review focused on the research query “In the acute care setting, does targeting patients with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for ACP lead to increased willingness to participate in these discussions.” Articles from 2009 to September 2019 were considered for review.

Results:

Six articles met inclusion criteria for final analysis. Articles outside of the United States were excluded. Four themes emerged from the literature: (1) improved patient attitudes toward ACP, (2) effective communication surrounding care preferences, (3) strengthened connection between preferred and delivered care, and (4) increased patient involvement in ACP.

Conclusion:

Chronic diseases such as heart failure and COPD have a high symptom burden punctuated by exacerbations, making it difficult to know when introduction of ACP discussions would be most beneficial. Future research should focus on a deeper evaluation of when to introduce ACP conversations in this population and which ACP interventions are effective to facilitate these discussions.
A coupled elastoplastic anisotropic damage model for rock materials
Authors: Wang Susheng , Xu Weiya
Published: March 2020

In this study, a rigorous constitutive model within the framework of thermodynamics is formulated to describe the coupling process between irreversible deformation and anisotropic damage of rock materials. The coupling effect is reflected based on the “two-surface” formulation. The plastic response is described by a yield function while the anisotropic damage is defined by a novel exponential damage criterion. In the proposed model, another feature lies in introducing parameters β and k in the proposed model to capture strain hardening/softening behaviors and brittle–ductile transition. The computational formulation scheme for the coupled model is deduced in detail by using return mapping algorithm. The validity of the coupled model is compared with the numerical simulation results and the experimental curves of the fine-grained sandstone, Beishan granite, and Jinping marble. The results indicate that the model can take into account the nonlinear mechanical behaviors of rock: coupling anisotropic damage and plasticity as well as brittle-ductile transition behaviors. Without loss of generality, the coupled model is versatile to describe the mechanical characteristics of rock materials.
School Absenteeism Associated With Child Protection System Involvement, Maltreatment Type, and Time in Out-of-Home Care
Authors: Armfield Jason M. , Gnanamanickam Emmanuel , Nguyen Ha T. , Doidge James C. , Brown Derek S. , Preen David B. , Segal Leonie
Published: March 2020

Greater school absenteeism is associated with numerous negative educational outcomes. We used a retrospective cohort design with linked administrative data on 296,422 children to examine the relationship between school absenteeism and child protection system (CPS) involvement. Children with substantiated maltreatment had 4.1 times more unexplained and problem absences than children with no CPS involvement. In multivariate analyses, children with substantiated maltreatment had significantly greater “chronic” truancy ( OR = 3.41) and less “acceptable” levels of absences ( OR = 0.74) compared to children with no CPS involvement. Greater absenteeism was seen for children with substantiated neglect and who had their first CPS notification earlier in life. Being in out-of-home care for 3+ years was a protective factor for children who had a CPS notification before age 5. Additional adversities had a strong additive effect with CPS involvement on absenteeism and chronic truancy. This study demonstrates the potential scope for reducing problem absenteeism and helps inform the public debate regarding how the type and timing of CPS involvement might ameliorate or exacerbate harm for children.
Urban Climate Governance Experimentation in Seoul: Science, Politics, or a Little of Both?
Authors: van der Heijden Jeroen , Hong Seung-Hun
Published: March 2020

Cities are key in urban climate mitigation. Since the early 2000s, a trend of urban climate governance experimentation has been observed in which cities, and especially city governments, are trialing novel governance interventions, processes, and instruments to learn from their development and implementation. This article explores the role of the government of the city of Seoul, South Korea, in a range of local experiments. It particularly focuses on the factors that contribute to the success (or lack thereof) of urban climate governance experimentation. It finds that the city’s government has been successful in developing and trialing some but not all experiments and that the overall results of these are promising in certain areas of city development and use. The article also highlights some less promising results, indicating the fragile nature of urban climate governance experimentation—in both the scientific and political senses of the term.
Left ventricular dysfunction associated with axitinib and nivolumab experience in an advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tanriverdi Ozgur , Ates Sedef , Sandal Kerim K , Uylas Selcuk , Bosna Islam C , Alkan Ali
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are widely used in advanced renal cell carcinoma. Here we reported a left ventricular dysfunction associated with axitinib and nivolumab experience in this patient with heart failure.

Case report

A 70-year-old male patient with advanced renal cell carcinoma was treated with interferon alpha-2b 10 million U thrice weekly. After progression, sunitinib provided 18 months of stable disease. In third line, the patient was treated with axitinib 10 mg daily. Under axitinib, the patient presented with dyspnea and palpitations. The diagnostic work-up showed a left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction (EF) of 35% in echocardiography. He was treated with diuretics, acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg and low molecular weight heparin. Management and outcome: After excluding cardiac ischemic and pulmonary pathologies, we concluded a possible adverse event diagnosis of axitinib-related cardiotoxicity. After close follow up for cardiac dysfunction, the patient was treated with nivolumab 3 mg/kg every two weeks. The initial EF was 32%. After three months therapy, the patient was asymptomatic for cardiac dysfunction and EF was 50%. CT scan showed partial response in pulmonary lesions.

Discussion

We have limited no data about cardiotoxicity associated axitinib and limited data about ICIPs. Our case is unique by providing data about how to manage a metastatic RCC patient with left ventricular dysfunction under axitinib and how to follow-up the cardiac functions while under nivolumab therapy.
Testosterone-Lowering Medication and Its Association With Recidivism Risk in Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses
Authors: Sauter Julia , Turner Daniel , Briken Peer , Rettenberger Martin
Published: March 2020

For a particular subgroup of individuals with severe paraphilic disorders and a high risk of sexual recidivism, the combination of sex drive–reducing medications and psychotherapy is a promising treatment approach. The present quasi-experimental study aims at comparing differences in clinical characteristics and dynamic risk factors between persons receiving (+TLM, n = 38) versus not receiving (−TLM, n = 22) testosterone-lowering medications (TLMs). Individuals receiving TLM were more frequently diagnosed with paraphilic disorders. Neither the criminal history nor average risk scores differed between the two groups. In the +TLM, Stable-2007 scores showed a stronger decrease after TLM treatment was started. This accounted especially for the general and sexual self-regulation subscales. Individual variations in risk, however, were not predicted by TLM but were significantly related to treatment duration and Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) Factor I. Paraphilic patients with problems in self-regulatory abilities seem to profit most from pharmacological sex drive–reducing treatment. Furthermore, therapists seem to underestimate deviant sexual fantasies in medicated patients.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Prevent–Teach–Reinforce for High School Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Sullivan Kaitlin , Crosland Kimberly , Iovannone Rose , Blair Kwang-Sun , Singer Leslie
Published: March 2020

Although there is a wealth of research supporting the effectiveness of using functional behavior assessment (FBA) to inform development of behavior intervention plans (BIPs), schools continue to find the FBA and BIP process challenging for implementation, particularly for students with emotional and/or behavioral disorders (EBDs) in high school settings. The current study evaluated the use of the prevent–teach–reinforce (PTR) FBA model for three high school students with EBD in self-contained settings. Results indicated that PTR was effective at reducing problem behaviors and increasing replacement behaviors for all three students. Teachers implemented the interventions with high levels of fidelity. Social validity scores obtained from both teachers and students indicated acceptability of the PTR process and outcomes. Limitations and areas for future research are suggested.
Miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction in growing Class III patients
Authors: Miranda Felicia , Bastos José Carlos da Cunha , dos Santos Alexandre Magno , Vieira Luiz Sergio , Aliaga-Del Castillo Aron , Janson Guilherme , Garib Daniela
Published: March 2020

The aim of this article is to report a case series of a miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction therapy (MAMP). Two male patients presenting with Class III malocclusion were included in this report. The treatment consisted of a hybrid expander and two miniscrews at the anterior region of the mandible anchoring Class III elastics for maxillary protraction. Effective maxillary length, ANB angle and Wits appraisal increased after treatment. Slight dental effects were observed. MAMP therapy produced substantial skeletal effects and might be a good treatment option for Class III growing patients.
The implementation of Sweden’s prostitution law at the local level
Authors: Olsson Narola
Published: March 2020

The study shows that apprehensions conducted on the suspicion of a purchase of sex target men purchasing sex from women, regardless of geographical location or arena of the local prostitution market. This support and legitimise a present norm within Swedish prostitution policy, regarding who is buying and who is selling sex.

Findings

The results show that the three largest cities in Sweden have been targeted by the police, with a focus on a specific arena of the prostitution market in each city. Because of this, there are local differences in how the law is implemented, creating local consequences for individuals involved in prostitution. However, the results also show that gender and sexual orientation (i.e. heterosexuality) appear to be the two main factors for identifying individuals who are later apprehended on the suspicion of purchasing sex.

Application

As certain norms and practices are established and reproduced through the implementation of Swedish prostitution law, professionals within social work, particularly within initiatives targeting individuals buying sex, must consider how this potentially influences their work. In terms of whom they meet, what kind of help and support they offer and what may fall outside the present norm.
‘Any d*** can make a baby, but it takes a real man to be a dad’: Group work for fathers
Authors: Lucas Siân E , Mirza Nughmana , Westwood Joanne
Published: March 2020

This article contributes to debates about fathers in social work by examining a group work intervention for fathers in Scotland. We present findings from observations of a ‘dad’s group’ and interviews with seven fathers and staff members. Participating in the dad’s group was found to be an expanded perception and expression of masculinity and fatherhood. The group provided a platform for the men to define and challenge understandings of fatherhood in which they developed a sense of expertise and self-belief as individuals and as fathers. We provide examples of the way that the men manoeuvre against societal barriers, in the context of disadvantage, unemployment and persistent mental health difficulties and prevailing gendered stereotypes and allow the fluid expression of manhood through engaging with non-masculine activities. In consideration of policy and practice implications, we argue that parenting support such as group work for fathers is crucial to improve parenting skills and wellbeing and positive outcomes for children.
A 2020 View on the Genetics of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies
Authors: Happ Hannah C. , Carvill Gemma L.
Published: March 2020

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) can be primarily attributed to genetic causes. The genetic landscape of DEEs has been largely shaped by the rise of high-throughput sequencing, which led to the discovery of new DEE-associated genes and helped identify de novo pathogenic variants. We discuss briefly the contribution of de novo variants to DEE and also focus on alternative inheritance models that contribute to DEE. First, autosomal recessive inheritance in outbred populations may have a larger contribution than previously appreciated, accounting for up to 13% of DEEs. A small subset of genes that typically harbor de novo variants have been associated with recessive inheritance, and often these individuals have more severe clinical presentations. Additionally, pathogenic variants in X-linked genes have been identified in both affected males and females, possibly due to a lack of X-chromosome inactivation skewing. Collectively, exome sequencing has resulted in a molecular diagnosis for many individuals with DEE, but this still leaves many cases unsolved. Multiple factors contribute to the missing etiology, including nonexonic variants, mosaicism, epigenetics, and oligogenic inheritance. Here, we focus on the first 2 factors. We discuss the promises and challenges of genome sequencing, which allows for a more comprehensive analysis of the genome, including interpretation of structural and noncoding variants and also yields a high number of de novo variants for interpretation. We also consider the contribution of genetic mosaicism, both what it means for a molecular diagnosis in mosaic individuals and the important implications for genetic counseling.
A novel software-defined networking controlled vehicular named-data networking for trustworthy emergency data dissemination and content retrieval assisted by evolved interest packet
Authors: Alowish Mazen , Shiraishi Yoshiaki , Takano Yasuhiro , Mohri Masami , Morii Masakatu
Published: March 2020

Vehicle ad hoc network is the key technology for a future Internet of vehicles and intelligent transport system. However, involvement of vast number of vehicles in Internet of vehicles limits the performance of vehicle ad hoc network. To tackle this problem, a novel vehicle ad hoc network architecture with two different technologies such as software-defined networking and named-data networking is proposed in this article. In the proposed software-defined networking controlled vehicular named-data networking, IP addressing issue is resolved by named-data networking and global view of the network is attained by software-defined networking. Emergency data dissemination is initiated with packet classification. For packet classification, policy-based bifold classifier is proposed in roadside unit and supported by evolved interest packet. Subsequently, best disseminator selection is carried out by trustworthy weighted graph scheme based on novel weight value, which is computed by considering significant metrics. Content retrieval is accomplished by roadside unit and assisted by a controller. Location of content producer is obtained from a controller and optimal route is selected by roadside unit. Optimal route selection is performed by roadside unit for both content retrieval and vehicle-to-vehicle communication using novel region-based hybrid cuckoo search algorithm. Hybrid algorithm combines cuckoo search and particle swarm optimization algorithm to perform efficient route selection. Involvement of software-defined networking controller supports numerous users by providing a global view of the network, which includes network status and traffic information. Extensive simulation in NS-3 assures better interest satisfaction rate, interest satisfaction delay, forwarder interest packets, average hop count, and gain of scalability in software-defined networking controlled vehicular named-data networking than traditional vehicle ad hoc network.
Secure data deduplication for Internet-of-things sensor networks based on threshold dynamic adjustment
Authors: Gao Yuan , Xian Hequn , Yu Aimin
Published: March 2020

Large amount of data are being produce by Internet-of-things sensor networks and applications. Secure and efficient deduplication of Internet-of-things data in the cloud is vital to the prevalence of Internet-of-things applications. In order to ensure data security for deduplication, different data should be assigned with different privacy levels. We propose a deduplication scheme based on threshold dynamic adjustment to ensure the security of data uploading and related operations. The concept of the ideal threshold is introduced for the first time, which can be used to eliminate the drawbacks of the fixed threshold in traditional schemes. The item response theory is adopted to determine the sensitivity of different data and their privacy score, which ensures the applicability of data privacy score. It can solve the problem that some users care little about the privacy issue. We propose a privacy score query and response mechanism based on data encryption. On this basis, the dynamic adjustment method of the popularity threshold is designed for data uploading. Experiment results and analysis show that the proposed scheme based on threshold dynamic adjustment has decent scalability and practicability.
Issues of privacy policy conflict in mobile social network
Authors: Wang Pingshui , Ma Qinjuan
Published: March 2020

Privacy protection in mobile social networks is a hot issue in current research. Various privacy protection policies have been proposed. However, the conflict of privacy protection policies inevitably occurs. In this article, aiming at the personalized privacy protection model proposed in our published paper, we analyzed the possible conflict between privacy policies and comprehensively considered the policy conflict brought by the resource-level relationship; meanwhile, we proposed a scheme of consistency verification for privacy policy to improve the previous personalized privacy protection model. We also verified the practical effects of the improved model by experiments on synthetic data sets.