bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
53-LB: Do the Right Thing—Intensive Intervention and Resulting Costs for Youth with High Social Risk and Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: REED ALISON , WONG JENISE C. , NARANJO DIANA , PADMANABHAN RAHUL , NAVARRO RYAN , KOBLINSKI ERIN , TORRES KRISTEN A. , CRUZ CRISTIAN , HARRIS MICHAEL A. , WAGNER DAVID V.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: A subset of youth with T1D experience high social risk that increases likelihood of dangerous complications. Limited behavioral health resources often result in low intensity interventions for these youth, resulting in ineffective care. While sole focus on cost outcomes is not advised, given the reported role of cost as a barrier to more equitable care, examining the economic value of intensive interventions designed for high social risk may better inform stakeholder decisions.

Methods: Three healthcare systems provided Direct Cost data for youth with avoidable health concerns (e.g., multiple DKA events) who received an intensive behavioral health intervention (Novel Interventions in Children’s Healthcare: NICH). Youth were included in analyses if they had T1D and at least 1 year of cost data prior to and following NICH enrollment. Outpatient, ED, and inpatient costs were combined, with variability in amount and type of cost data present across sites. Costs following enrollment were standardized to account for duration of available financial data (example: $18k over 1.5 years transformed to $12k per year).

Results: Analysis included 53 youth: mean age 14.2±2.4 years; 87% Medicaid; 58% Female, 42% Male; 32% Black, 29% Non-Hispanic White, 28% Hispanic/Latinx, 7% Pacific Islander, 2% Asian, 2% other racial and ethnic groups. Mean yearly direct costs were $58.1k and $21.8k, prior to and following NICH enrollment, respectively, but not significantly different. After removing 3 outliers (> 3 SD from the mean), average yearly costs significantly decreased (p=.015) from $20.4k to $9.5k per youth, largely due to inpatient charges.

Discussion: Intensive intervention for youth with T1D and high social risk shows promise in substantially reducing cost of care, suggesting that increased investment in effectively serving youth can improve health equity, as evidenced by fewer inpatient stays, and provide future financial benefits for institutions.

Disclosure

A. Reed: None. D. V. Wagner: None. J. C. Wong: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. D. Naranjo: None. R. Padmanabhan: None. R. Navarro: None. E. Koblinski: None. K. A. Torres: None. C. Cruz: None. M. A. Harris: None.

Funding

The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
Therapeutic Inertia and Delays in Insulin Intensification in Type 2 Diabetes: A Literature Review
Authors: Gavin James R. , Abaniel Richard M. , Virdi Naunihal S.
Published: June 2023

Background

Therapeutic inertia leading to delays in insulin initiation or intensification is a major contributor to lack of optimal diabetes care. This report reviews the literature summarizing data on therapeutic inertia and delays in insulin intensification in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A literature search was conducted of the Allied & Complementary Medicine, BIOSIS Previews, Embase, EMCare, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, and ToxFile databases for clinical studies, observational research, and meta-analyses from 2012 to 2022 using search terms for type 2 diabetes and delay in initiating/intensifying insulin. Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria.

Results

Time until insulin initiation among patients on two to three antihyperglycemic agents was at least 5 years, and mean A1C ranged from 8.7 to 9.8%. Early insulin intensification was linked with reduced A1C by 1.4%, reduction of severe hypoglycemic events from 4 to <1 per 100 person-years, and diminution in risk of heart failure (HF) by 18%, myocardial infarction (MI) by 23%, and stroke by 28%. In contrast, delayed insulin intensification was associated with increased risk of HF (64%), MI (67%), and stroke (51%) and a higher incidence of diabetic retinopathy. In the views of both patients and providers, hypoglycemia was identified as a primary driver of therapeutic inertia; 75.5% of physicians reported that they would treat more aggressively if not for concerns about hypoglycemia.

Conclusion

Long delays before insulin initiation and intensification in clinically eligible patients are largely driven by concerns over hypoglycemia. New diabetes technology that provides continuous glucose monitoring may reduce occurrences of hypoglycemia and help overcome therapeutic inertia associated with insulin initiation and intensification.
Pædagogik for bæredygtighed i danske daginstitutioner – steder som støttestrukturer
Authors: Madsen Katrine Dahl , Jørgensen Nanna Jordt , Husted Mia
Published: June 2023

Artiklen præsenterer en undersøgelse af, hvordan pædagogik for bæredygtighed fremstår, når pædagoger, ledere og kommunale forvaltere på småbørnsområdet i to kommuner i Danmark reflekterer over og eksemplificerer bæredygtighedsarbejdet med afsæt i udpegede steder i lokalområdet. Undersøgelsen blev foretaget som en bottom-up- ortlægning og efterfølgende interviews med den hensigt at undersøge aktiviteter, tilgange, inddragelsesformer, samarbejdsflader og udfordringer i institutionernes arbejde med pædagogik for bæredygtighed. Med inspiration fra teori om stedbaseret pædagogik belyser artiklen, hvordan steder kan fungere som støttestrukturer for arbejdet med bæredygtighed i daginstitutionerne. Undersøgelsen viser, at pædagogik for bæredygtighed ofte udgør en uproblematisk fortsættelse af det hidtidige arbejde med natur og udeliv. Imidlertid kan særlige steder invitere til et bredere arbejde med bæredygtighed, mens andre steder har lignende potentialer, men opleves som lukket land. Diskussioner om disse forhold under kortlægningen og i de opfølgende interviews skabte refleksion over, hvordan pædagogik for bæredygtighed kan rumme potentialer for at bryde med plejer. Hermed peger artiklen på, hvordan dialog mellem forskning og praksis kan være med til at gøre fraværende forhold nærværende. 
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Early Childhood Sustainability Education in Danish Day Care Institutions – Places as Supporting Structures
This article presents an exploration of examples and reflections on a participatory mapping of place-based early childhood sustainability education involving social educators, educational managers, and municipal administrative staff in two municipalities in Denmark. Aiming to examine activities, approaches to, forms of participation in, collaborations about, and challenges to early childhood sustainability education, the mapping and a set of qualitative follow-up interviews identified and explored these themes in relation to specific places in local communities. With inspiration from theoretical perspectives on place-based sustainability education, the article discusses how places may work as supporting structures for approaches to sustainability education in day care institutions. The study suggests that early childhood education for sustainability in many cases emerges as a continuation of an existing educational concern with nature and outdoor life. However, some places invite for wider approaches to sustainability while other places contain such potentials but appear to be inaccessible for younger children. Last, discussions on place during the mapping sessions and follow-up interviews generated discussions on “doing things differently” and highlighted how dialogues between research and practice may contribute to making absences present.
Social unrest and (urban) inequalities in the Atlantic region in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Garcia Chueca Eva
Published: June 2023

The global health crisis caused in 2020 by the covid-19 pandemic has given rise to new protests in the social sphere and intensified those that marked earlier years. This study aims to contribute empirical material that could help understanding of this social unrest and its link with (especially urban) inequalities in the Atlantic region. In particular, it sets out to answer two questions: i) to what extent is inequality related with increasing social protests in situations of health crisis, and ii) what form do these phenomena (pandemic, inequalities, and protests) have in cities?
INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS OXIDES ON THE POLLUTION OF THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT AS A CONSEQUENCE OF MILITARY ACTIONS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Petrushka Kateryna , Petrushka Ihor ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2023

Heavy metals enter the soil in the form of oxides and salts (both soluble and practically insoluble in water). There is an assumption that heavy metal oxides are fixed mainly in the solid phase of the soil, especially in a neutral or alkaline pH environment. It should be noted that their toxic effect depends entirely on such factors as the type of soil and the pH of the pore solution. The behavior of heavy metals in soils is significantly different from the behavior of most cations of macroelements. The purpose of this work is to assess the anthropogenic impact of heavy metal oxides, as well as accompanying oxides that are formed as a result of an explosion on the ground. To assess the degree of soil contamination, distribution and immobilization of heavy metals in the soils of industrial agglomerations.
DYNAMICS OF CARBON DIOXIDE ADSORPTION BY CARBON NANOTUBES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Sabadash Vira , Gumnitsky Jaroslaw ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lopushansky Oleksiy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Matsuska Oksana ,   Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S.Z. Gzhytskyi, Nowik-Zając Anna ,   Academy of Jan Dlugosz in Czestochów
Published: June 2023

This article is devoted to the study of the carbon dioxide adsorption process. The relevance of using carbon nanotubes for adsorbing carbon dioxide from industrial emissions is that carbon nanotubes have a high surface area and can effectively interact with carbon dioxide molecules. In addition, they have high mechanical strength and chemical resistance, which makes them attractive for industrial use. Carbon nanotubes have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Using carbon nanotubes in the industry can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels. Purpose. The work aimed to study the prospects of using carbon nanomaterials to purify industrial emissions from carbon dioxide in a fluidized state. The scientific novelty of the topic "Dynamics of carbon dioxide adsorption by carbon nanotubes" is the study of the influence of temperature and gas velocity on the initial curves of CO2 adsorption dynamics in the fluidized state.
STUDY OF THE ANAEROBIC PROCESS OF INDUSTRIAL WATER PURIFICATION IN COMBINATION WITH SORPTION METHODS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Popovych Olena , Havryshko Marianna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Yaremko Halyna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Makovskyi Yevhenii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2023

The issues of rational use of natural resources, ecological safety and environmental protection are extremely urgent and require immediate human influence on the optimization of technological processes, reducing the impact on the ecosystem. The implementation of food industry technology is accompanied by the formation of a significant amount of wastewater, into which about a third of processed raw materials go, and the concentration of polluting components in them is 10...100 times higher than in household water. The choice of wastewater treatment methods depends on their composition, prospects for further use, the economic feasibility of applying the methods, and the payback rate of the equipment. Therefore, the modern direction of the development of scientific research and wastewater treatment technology consists in the development of fundamentally new methods of deep wastewater treatment and the study of the possibility of using sorbents of natural and artificial origin.
Osoittavan eleen ja sanallisen identifioinnin muodostamat multimodaaliset konstruktiot S2-oppijoilla
Authors: Rantala Katriina
Published: June 2023

Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelen S2-oppijoiden osoittavan eleen ja sanallisen ostamisen kohteen identifioinnin yhdistelmiä kauppaharjoituksissa ja arvioin niiden asemaa multimodaalisena konstruktiona. Osoittava ele yhdistyy tyypillisesti joko demonstratiivipronominiin tai identifioivaan substantiiviin. Demonstratiivipronominien yhteydessä osoittavaa elettä käytetään jokaisessa tapauksessa aineistossani, ja tällöin eleen voikin nähdä välttämättömänä osana konstruktiota. Substantiiviin yhdistyviä osoituksia on kuitenkin määrällisesti enemmän, jolloin sanasemanttisella tasolla ele ei ole välttämätön. Aineistoni näyttää, että sillä on pragmaattisia merkityksiä, jotka voivat olla erityisen keskeisiä kielenoppimistilanteessa. Syke-eleitä muistuttavat osoittavat eleet vahvistavat vaikutelmaa eleen ja sanallisen identifioinnin kognitiivisestä yhteydestä. Osoittava ele on aineistossa myös ensisijainen korjauksen keino. Osoitusten käyttö kaikenlaisten sanallisten identifiointien yhteydessä sekä toistuvuus viittaavat yhdistelmän vakiintuneisuuteen. Osoittavan eleen voi nähdä osana identifiointikonstruktiota. Osassa tapauksista se on välttämätön ja osassa vapaaehtoinen: välttämättömyyteen vaikuttavat kielellinen aines puheessa sekä vuorovaikutustilanne.
Methods and instrumentation for studying the strength of concrete joints in adhesive structures under the influence of operational and technological factors by the ultrasonic pulse method
Authors: Serikov Yakov , Nazarenko Leonid
Published: June 2023

The use of concrete adhesive joints in repair and restoration works is an effective technological solution from technical and economical point of view. To make such joints, polymer glues are used, for example, epoxy, siloxane, acrylic, etc. The use of such technology reduces material consumption, labour costs, and time of construction works. The analysis of published research results showed that the use of acrylic adhesives is effective. When performing an adhesive concrete joint, the main task is to ensure the required strength of the adhesive structure during its operation. The analysis of publications revealed that the strength of the structure is influenced by the following main factors: external load, strength of concrete to be glued, gluing area, and the thickness of the glue layer. Currently, the influence of the specified factors is being studied on samples of adhesive structures using mechanical, press equipment. During the experiments, external loads are applied to the manufactured sample of the adhesive structure, for example, tensile, bending or shear forces. The measured parameter is the strength of the adhesive structure. With such studies, it is difficult to determine the value of the maximum external load that leads to the formation of microcracks, which makes the strength of the structure reduce. As a result, this approach can cause an error in research conclusions, which will lead to a decrease in the reliability of operation of a real construction object. In addition, this approach makes it impossible to control the condition of those adhesive concrete structures that are used on real construction sites. The developed methods to study adhesive concrete structures using the ultrasonic pulse method are based on the dependence of the speed of propagation and attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic vibrations on the relative change in the structure of the material under consideration. The application of the developed methods and instrumentation for their implementation allows determining the value of the maximum permissible external load and ensuring the control of the state of adhesive structures in terms of crack formation on real construction sites.
Improvement of the measuring ultrasonic electromagnetic-acoustic transducer
Authors: Pozniakova Marharyta , Suchkov Grigory , Mygushchenko Ruslan , Kropachek Olga , Donchenko Andriy
Published: June 2023

Based on the analysis of previously published research and studies, it has been established that despite their significant advantages over traditional “contact” sensors in measurements, testing and diagnostics of thin dielectric coated (via paint, plastic, etc.) metal products, the available electromagnetic-acoustic transducers provide insufficient sensitivity and significant uncontrolled (“dead”) zone. This situation complicates testing of thin sheets, pipes, shells, tanks etc., and sometimes makes it impossible to measure the remaining thickness of the metal.

The analysis of available research has shown that the possibility of transducers sensitivity increases via traditional increase in the magnetic induction value, and the high-frequency current value is practically exhausted. At the same time, the prospects for improving the design of electromagnetic-acoustic transducers were determined. The problems of traditional transducers were solved through development of a new electronic control circuit. For this, the control unit was designed to be distributed between ultrasonic shear pulse excitation devices, and as a result, for the device of ultrasonic signals reflected from the metalwork reception, the device sensitivity was increased. In addition, to provide the possibility to test and measure thin metal product thickness, the electronic circuit was supplemented with means of interference suppression after the powerful supply of the high-frequency current of the converter, which allowed significantly reducing the “dead” zone.

A special stand was constructed to experimentally test the capabilities of the transducer developed, including a powerful high-frequency current pulse generator, an amplifier of received ultrasonic pulses and a digital oscilloscope. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the new electronic circuit of the non-contact sensor allows it to be qualitatively matched with the probing pulse generator and the amplifier of the received ultrasonic packet signals. As a result, the sensitivity of the transducer was increased by 2.5...3 times in relation to the amplitudes of bottom pulses and interference. At the same time, the diagnostics of metal products with thickness 30...50% less than the traditional sensitivity threshold of non-contact device is ensured.
Propiedades Psicométricas del test de empatía cognitiva y afectiva en estudiantes no universitarios
Authors: Ruiz Baca Paola
Published: June 2023

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar las propiedades psicométricas del test de empatía cognitiva y afectiva en estudiantes no universitarios. Este estudio se realizó con una muestra de 310 alumnos del Instituto Superior Público Ciro Alegría Bazán de la provincia de Chepén cuyas edades oscilan entre 16 y 46 años y cursan del I al III ciclo. El test de empatía cognitiva y afectiva demostró validez, confiabilidad y baremos en una muestra de estudiantes. Además la validez de constructo para el TECA varía entre, 352 a ,484 que corresponde a los niveles bueno y muy bueno. Así mismo se obtuvo la confiabilidad haciendo uso del método de consistencia interna del alfa de Cronbach. Se demostró una confiabilidad de 0,814 que pertenece a la categoría buena y por otro lado, se encontraron diferencias significativas de baremos porque se elaboraron tablas tanto para muestras generales como por sexo. Los resultados obtenidos en los baremos indican que las mujeres son más empáticas que los varones. Las normas del test de empatía cognitiva y afectiva se han efectuado utilizando rangos percentilares y puntuaciones típicas normalizadas tipo T.
UNHEARD SENTIMENTS OF MAMANWA (INDIGENOUS) LEARNERS IN THE MAINSTREAM EDUCATION: A BASIS FOR EDUCATIONAL POLICY
Authors: Oclarit Jr. Federico P , Betarmos Jr. Vicente S , Casinillo Leomarich F
Published: June 2023

This article aimed to investigate the unheard sentiments among Mamanwa learners in mainstream education to create a suitable educational policy for indigenous learners in the Philippines. The study utilized purposive (non-probability) sampling comprising fifteen participants residing in Panaon Area, Southern Leyte, Philippines. Since the study involved the indigenous people community, free prior informed consent (FPIC) was secured from authorities. This study focused on the lived experiences of Mamanwa learners, particularly the barriers, challenges, and coping mechanisms for handling the struggles they faced in mainstream education. A face-to-face semi-structured interview was employed to gather meaningful responses analyzed through Colaizzi's strategy. The findings revealed that the Mamanwa learners' social isolation, the inadequacy of learning materials, lack of access to educational services, and limited support resources and educational funds from the government have contributed to their ongoing challenge to completion in mainstream education. These factors have all affected their personal and social well-being. Conclusively, despite the barriers and challenges, however, the Mamanwa learners are becoming resilient and diversely unique individuals who need to be understood, accepted, and embraced just like any other member of society. Furthermore, the fueling mechanisms of every indigenous group to cross mainstream education are in the hopes of building growth, promoting connections through intense exposure in the community, and as individuals of disadvantaged groups with a social change mindset aimed to improve their social status.
IoT-Internet of Things in Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Paulo Vargas  , António Valente
Published: June 2023

New technical solutions are beginning to emerge, of which the Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) systems, is a promising new technology growing rapidly in the recent years. Portugal is a good example in Europe with several facilities of this type. For a correct management of these systems, and to have significant data, it is necessary to have a reliable communication system, based on a Global System for Mobile Communications, adequate protocols to communicate and save the data for later analyses. This study aims to develop a climate data acquisition system to be placed next to an FSPV system installed on a farm next to the Douro River. This system is installed in a box over the water surface. To allow comparison of temperature variations over the water surface with the temperature (offshore) another box with similar sensors is placed on land (onshore). With the data collected by these two systems is possible to compare the temperature data in two boxes, installed in these different locations, to analyse the influence of the water mirror on the photovoltaic cell efficiency.
Motivasi Berprestasi Pada Atlet Usia Dini Club Renang Fitt Kota Padang
Authors: Gemaini Andri , Pranoto Nuridin Widya , Rahmad Aulia
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi berprestasi atlet usia dini club renang di Fitt Club Kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jenis survei. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah Fitt Swimming Club dengan jumlah 30 orang, dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh dari populasi yaitu berjumlah 30 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dengan katagori interval. Hasil dari penelitian motivasi latihan atlet usia dini club renang Fitt Club  Kota Padang pada faktor intrinsik yaitu 79 dan pada faktor ekstrinsik mendapat skor 77. Dari kedua faktor tersebut motivasi berprestasi atlet usia dini club renang Fitt Club Kota Padang dengan skor 78 dalam skala penelitian kategori tinggi
Evolution of the definition of the term "refugee"
Authors: Almashi I.M. , Almashi M.M.
Published: June 2023

It is indicated that the presence of large number of refugees in the world indicates numerous problems in the peaceful coexistence of states in various regions of the planet, including, unfortunately, in Europe, where more than 10 million Ukrainians have already become refugees as a result of full-scale brazen Russian aggression, in addition, there are many refugees in Europe, also in Ukraine, from areas of conflicts in Afghanistan, Somalia, Syria, Iraq, Georgia, Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh. As a result of objective circumstances, all these people were forced to leave their native homes and become refugees. The presence of millions of refugees from the different parts of the world proves the need for radical reforms of the UN, which is increasingly finding it difficult to ensure international law and order and conflict resolution, and also shows the urgent need to improve the mechanism of protection of the human rights at the universal level.It is proved that the evolution of the concept of "refugee" continues for a long time. Currently, the main emphasis in this field in legal science is aimed at unifying the understanding of the concept of "refugee" in international law, primarily at the universal level. The full-scale aggression of russian federation in Ukraine caused the largest wave of refugees in the history of Ukraine, currently only in the EU, according to official UN data, there are already more than 8.1 million citizens of Ukraine, of which 4.9 million citizens of Ukraine have already received refugee status or asylum.It is noted that in order for a person to be recognized as a refugee under international law, he must meet the following conditions: stay outside the country of his citizenship or permanent residence (if the person is stateless); the presence of well-founded fears of becoming a victim of persecution based on race, religion, belonging to a certain social group, citizenship, political beliefs; unwillingness or inability to use the protection of this country; does not belong to the category of persons not covered by the Convention. The simultaneous operation of the UNHCR Charter, the 1951 UN Convention about Status of Refugees and the 1966 Protocol on the Status of Refugees led to the emergence of the such a problem as the emergence of two types of refugees: "mandatory" and "conventional".
Featurest he right to joint ownership of territorial communities
Authors: Palinchak M.M. , Novak O.O.
Published: June 2023

Certain features of the right to joint ownership of territorial communities fixed in the legal framework of Ukraine have been studied. An opinion is expressed regarding the existence of restrictions on the right of joint property of territorial communities as a type of communal property right.

The author established that the legislative system of Ukraine has undergone at least three attempts to define the concept of joint property rights of territorial communities, which had a number of common and different approaches. Analysis conducted.

The proposal regarding the expediency of introducing the possibility of applying the institutions of joint and joint partial ownership to the legal regime of property currently in the joint ownership of territorial communities, on behalf of and in the interests of which regional and district councils act, is supported, with the need for an in-depth and detailed analysis from the point of view of the consequences, for the relevant councils, as direct entities exercising the authority of the owner in relation to the relevant objects of communal property.

The author noted that none of the previous attempts to determine the right of joint ownership of territorial communities was successful in regulating the mechanism for determining the shares of each of the territorial communities that is a co-owner of the property, which, as a result, makes it impossible to implement a number of powers that, according to the law, are conferred on such co-owners . It is noted that there is no declaration of any objective evaluation criteria for such a determination, taking into account the need to maintain a balance of interests of all territorial communities that are co-owners of such property.

It is proposed to define such features of the right of joint ownership of territorial communities as a special administrative and management subject; the special status of objects belonging to the right of joint ownership of territorial communities; limited participation of individual territorial communities in the implementation of co-owner powers.
Contract for the purchase and sale: legal aspects
Authors: Chepelenko A.K. , Reznikova M.O.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the particularities of the contract for the purchase and sale. The authors draw attention to a number of aspects of legal regulation that are insufficiently researched and definitely debatable, which are primarily related to the definition of the range of essential conditions of the contract for the purchase and sale. The authors also made an attempt to establish separate problems of legal regulation of the contract for the purchase and sale. The article analyzes the signs of the contract for the purchase and sale, reveals the content of this type of contracts, pays attention to the legal nature of the contract for the purchase and sale, examines the complex and multifaceted issues related to the subject of the contract for the purchase and sale in modern conditions of the development of civil law. The subject of the contract for the purchase and sale is recognized by law as an essential condition for all types of contracts. The subject matter can be any property that the seller has at the time of the conclusion of the contract, property rights and “future things” (ie, property that will be created by the seller in the future). Attention is drawn to the fact that the contract for the purchase and sale is consensual, bilateral (mutual), retaliatory by its legal characteristics. The authors draw attention to the types of  the contract for the purchase and sale. Certain types of the contract for the purchase and sale include retail sales contract, goods supply contract, goods supply contract for state needs, contract for contracting agricultural products, energy supply contract, real estate sale contract, mine contract. The article also defines the peculiarity of the contract for the purchase and sale, which is that the specified contract is the main regulator of relations between producers and consumers, legal relations in the field of distribution and redistribution of material goods, ensuring the free and optimal development of all forms of ownership, entrepreneurship and trade.  The norms of the Civil Code of Ukraine, which regulate the investigated issues, were analyzed.
Theoretical and legal characteristics of social protection of participants of combat actions in Ukraine
Authors: Nalyvayko I.
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the development of legislation protecting combatants in Ukraine. Recent achievements in the legal regulation of the social protection of combatants in Ukraine have been analysed. Countering and deterring the armed invasion of Russia affected the safety of the participants in the conflict; it created the necessary conditions for a decent standard of living. Despite the duration of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine - more than nine years, there is an imperfect regulation of social benefits for participants in hostilities. During the study of the normative-legal mechanism regulating the social protection of combatants, several problematic points were revealed outside the normative-legal field, particularly regarding missing persons and prisoners of war and the absence of generally accepted protocols (protocols). It has been found that the development of military medical rehabilitation and related infrastructure is becoming increasingly crucial in Ukraine as the country's war-related disability is on the rise. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to increase the investments of the state and local self-government bodies in the development of modern rehabilitation institutions to attract the participation of other subjects, and this is an important direction. Some recent achievements in the legal regulation of the social protection of combatants in Ukraine were noted. The necessity of expanding the possibilities of providing additional social benefits to the participants of hostilities at the level of united territorial communities has been demonstrated. As part of the theoretical and legal analysis of the legal basis of social protection of combatants in Ukraine, normative legal acts are catalogued, and their legal force is classified (legislative, sub-legal). The latest achievements in the legal regulation of social protection of combatants in Ukraine are mentioned, in particular, the law of the status of volunteers, the possibility of receiving monetary compensation for the purchase of housing, as well as the adoption by the government of a state program aimed at the physical, medical, psychological and social readaptation of combatants. These actions will continue until 2022. Several difficult moments of a non-legal and regulatory nature are indicated, particularly regarding the missing and prisoners of war - participants in the conflict and the lack of generally accepted protocols for the psychological and social rehabilitation of the participants in the competition. The necessity of expanding the possibilities of providing additional social benefits to the conflict participants is shown. To improve the regulatory and legal mechanisms of state administration in the social protection of combatants, it is proposed to involve such organisations as public and veteran associations, unions, and other social partnerships in the development of legislative acts.
Coordination activity of the prosecutor’s office
Authors: Kovaliv M.V.
Published: June 2023

The article examines the coordination activities of the prosecutor’s office based on current legislation and regulatory acts of the European Union. The methodological basis is general scientific methods of cognition, complex and systemic approaches to the study of organized social systems, a concrete-historical approach, which involves consideration of the phenomena studied in development, in line with the analysis of modern social relations and reform processes. The problem of improving the effectiveness of the prosecutor’s office is at the intersection of a number of sciences, so it is impossible to conduct research without turning to various fields of knowledge. Coordination of the activities of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime as an important independent function of the prosecutor’s office. It noted that the coordination activity of the prosecutor’s office in the field of law enforcement and fighting crime is a historically formed and socially determined joint activity of law enforcement agencies, state and local self-government bodies, civil society institutions, which is carried out in accordance with the law within the competence of the said bodies, inherent in each of them ways and methods aimed at solving common tasks and achieving a single goal - ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, the interests of society and the state. It was determined that the prosecutor’s method of organizing and coordinating the activities of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime in order to increase its effectiveness, taking into account the reform of the current legislation and the conditions of martial law, includes: determining the main directions of coordination activities; use of the main forms of coordination of law enforcement activities in the fight against crime; determination of the features of the organizational support of the coordination function of the prosecutor’s office; determining the specifics of the interaction of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime in the process of implementing coordination measures with courts, state and local self-government bodies, state control bodies, and public associations. Proposals have been made to improve the effectiveness of coordination in the field of fighting crime.
Differentiation of responsibility for encroachment on environmental safety according to the CC project: advantages, disadvantages, prospects
Authors: Movchan R.O.
Published: June 2023

The article is dedicated to the critical understanding of the Project Criminal Code of Ukraine of the new conceptual model of differentiation of the offense of criminal offense against environmental safety. As a result of the conducted follow-up, the progress and shortcomings of the updated concept were revealed, as well as the development of scientifically grounded propositions to improve the relevant provisions of the Project.In particular, it was found that the debatable points of the concept proposed in the Project are that: according to it, any chemical pollution of the environment is immediately recognized as a crime of the 3rd or 5th degree of gravity; the proposed method actually makes it impossible to differentiate responsibility for manifestations of both biological and chemical pollution, which differ significantly in the degree of public danger; in fact, any manifestations of biological pollution of the environment - even those that caused multi-million losses, can only be recognized as those that caused the creation of a corresponding danger; the occurrence of consequences in the form of causing significant damage to the environment is not given any qualifying meaning in section 5.3; it involves the construction of unqualified pollution as a tort of creating danger, which clearly does not contribute to a balanced distinction between criminally illegal and non-criminal behavior.Taking into account all the reservations expressed above, two alternative models of regulation, in particular differentiation, of criminal responsibility for committing criminal offenses against environmental safety provided for in section 5.3 of the Project were proposed, which, importantly, are fully correlated with the model of division of criminal offenses by severity embodied in the Project. In addition, it is noted that at the same time relevant changes should be made to articles 2.5.2, 2.5.3, 2.5.4 and 2.5.5 of the Project, as a result of which, firstly, not only “significant” and “ severe” as well as “insignificant” and “significant” damage to the environment; second, all four established types of environmental damage must be correlated with the corresponding indicators of property damage.Prospects for further scientific research in the researched field are determined.
Optimizing the balance between education and practice as a factor in improving the quality of criminal proceedings
Authors: Dufeniuk O.M.
Published: June 2023

This paper is part of a study of balance in criminal proceedings. According to the author’s concept, this balance is realized (1) at the level of institutions, (2) at the level of practice, and (3) at the personal level. At the personal level, a prominent place is given to the education of personnel of pre-trial investigation bodies, prosecutors and judges. Synergy and a close correlative connection between education and practice form the basis of high-quality criminal proceedings and implementation of the tasks of the criminal justice system. The scientific doctrine contains a critical vision of modern legal education in Ukraine. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to explain the author’s answer to the question: how to optimize the professional training of subjects of criminal procedural activity. The substantive part of the article is divided into three sections. The first chapter deals with changing approaches to the educational process (awareness of the impossibility in the modern world to prepare a specialist for all cases; the need to develop self-education skills; the prevalence of interactive, innovative methods of professional training; the development of creative thinking; the need to review the requirements for methodical support of the educational process). Attention is drawn to the institute of assistant investigator. The second chapter is devoted to the problems of reforming the mentoring institute (implementation of measures to stimulate the performance of the mentor’s duties; changes in approaches to the criteria for evaluating the quality of practical training; analysis of the experience of foreign colleagues regarding gradual “entry” into the profession). In the third section, the issue of reforming the institute of professional development of the personnel of pre-trial investigation bodies, the prosecutor’s office and the court is considered (predominance of training, pluralism of topics and the possibility of choosing the direction of professional development by the target audience for the acquisition (strengthening, improvement) of certain competencies). The final part of the article provides a brief summary of the research results.
Directions for improving legislative regulation in the context of legalization and digitalization of IT business on the Internet
Authors: Khudoliei Ya.Н.
Published: June 2023

The main strategic goal of the development of the information society in Ukraine is to speed up the development and implementation of the latest competitive information technologies in all spheres of social life, in particular in the Ukrainian economy, which will increase the competitiveness of Ukraine, labor productivity in all spheres of the economy, the degree of development of the information infrastructure, in particular the Ukrainian segment of the Internet, increase the participation of knowledge-intensive products that contribute to the improvement of the quality and accessibility of education, science, culture, and health care through the introduction of information technologies, expand human opportunities to gain access to national and global electronic information resources, create new jobs, improve working conditions and human conditions .

Today, the use of information technologies in the Ukrainian market is an integral part of conducting any business. Accordingly, the rapid development of the field of IT technologies is observed. However, as is usually the case in our country, legislation and the legal sphere do not keep up with the pace of development of society and business in particular. Thus, a situation has arisen when, with maximum demand for the development and activity of companies in the field of information technologies, the legal regulation of this field is minimal. Of course, this state of affairs in the Ukrainian business environment repels even the small number of investors who could bring income to the country’s economy.

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the existing trends in the development of IT entrepreneurship do not sufficiently ensure the prompt provision of the necessary information for the creation of an effective management system. The existing scientific and methodical approaches to the formation and development of IT entrepreneurship have a weak degree of development and clearly cannot be used to form an effective system of infrastructural support for the development of entrepreneurial structures.
Differentiation of the criminal procedural form and its significance for criminal justice
Authors: Tsyganyuk Yu.V. , Kulebyakin V.O.
Published: June 2023

In the article, the authors researching modern procedural legislation pay special attention to the differentiation of the procedural form and establishing its significance for criminal justice as a whole.The authors analyze the theoretical and practical problems of certain differentiated forms of criminal proceedings. Thus, in the article, the authors investigated proceedings in cases involving minors; peculiarities of proceedings regarding persons who have not reached the age of criminal responsibility in the age range from eleven years and up to the age of criminal responsibility; the specifics of the differentiation of pre-trial investigation and court proceedings regarding the application of coercive measures of a medical nature; simplified proceedings regarding criminal misdemeanors; proceedings based on agreements; separate procedural forms that simplify court proceedings; proceedings in a jury trial; proceedings in the form of private accusation; special regime of pre-trial investigation, court proceedings under martial law.The above-mentioned studies are conducted by the authors using both a theoretical understanding of the differentiated forms of criminal proceedings defined above, and an applied component of the analysis of problems that arise in the practice of applying the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine.As a result of the research, the conclusion was formulated that in the conditions of the modern criminal process system of Ukraine, differentiation of forms of criminal proceedings is a necessary element of its effectiveness. The construction of various models and ways of regulating criminal procedural legal relations creates the necessary procedural mechanisms for achieving the objectives of criminal proceedings.The practical level of differentiation of criminal proceedings carried out by the authors includes the assessment of the current criminal procedural legislation regarding the content of the grounds for differentiation and the practice of applying individual differentiated forms of criminal proceedings in the context of achieving the effectiveness of criminal proceedings, identifying problems and developing proposals for their elimination.
Forensic support of evidence in criminal proceedings: concepts and signs
Authors: Bondarchuk A.S.
Published: June 2023

The scientific article, based on the study and analysis of the positions of scientists, the provisions of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, highlights the concepts and essential features of forensic evidence support in criminal proceedings.The research of the topic was carried out using the inductive method, highlighting separately the following components: «forensic support», «evidence» and «criminal proceedings».The author of the article sets the goal of defining the concept of forensic evidence support in criminal proceedings and its essential features.The work emphasizes that forensic support includes only such basic elements as: technical, tactical, and methodical forensic support, and evidence: collection, verification, and evaluation of evidence. The doctrinal content of each key element of both forensic support and evidence is highlighted.The list of authorized subjects who are obliged and have the right to conduct evidence using the means of forensic techniques, tactics and methods is presented. Highlighting the elements of the concept of “forensic support” and “proof” made it possible to form the features of the general concept of “forensic support of proof in criminal proceedings”.

In general, the author came to the conclusion that the forensic support of evidence in criminal proceedings is the activity of meeting the needs of authorized subjects during the collection, verification and evaluation of evidence, providing them with the means of forensic techniques, tactics and methods in order to establish the subject of evidence during pre-trial investigation and court proceedings regarding criminal offenses, as well as conducting procedural actions in connection with the commission of an act provided for by the law of Ukraine on criminal responsibility.