bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Laser Melting of Low-Modulus Biomedical Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy: Effect of Laser Point Distance
Authors: Zhang L.C. , Sercombe T.B.
Published: August 2012

As many complex processing parameters are involved in Selective Laser Melting (SLM), an understanding of the scientific and technical aspects of the production route on the microstructural evolution during SLM process is required in order to obtain parts with near full density and desirable surface finish. Although the effects of the various processing parameters on the density of parts have been well documented, the effect of laser point distance on density and mechanical properties of the SLM-produced parts has not been widely studied. In this paper, we present the results of using SLM to produce biomedical beta Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn components. Both the density and hardness of the material increases with increasing incident laser energy and reaches a near full density value of >99% without any post-processing. When the laser energy density input is high enough to fully melt powder, the laser point distance has no influence on the density or hardness of the samples. In contrast, at low energy densities, large point distances have been shown to be detrimental.
Design of Low Cost High Performance Powder Metallurgy Titanium Alloys: Some Basic Considerations
Authors: Qian Ma , Yang Y.F. , Yan M. , Luo Shu Dong
Published: August 2012

The inexpensive hydrogenated–dehydrogenated (HDH) titanium powder made from the Kroll sponge titanium provides a cost-affordable basis for powder metallurgy (PM) Ti alloy development. The design targets we hope to achieve are low feedstock cost (< $25/kg) including all alloying elements; low fabrication cost based on cold compaction and pressureless sintering, and wrought grades of properties of Ti-6Al-4V in the as-sintered state. Relevant issues are considered. These include alloying with inexpensive elements such as Fe and Si, grain size control during heating, isothermal sintering and cooling, chemical homogeneity of as-sintered microstructure, and simultaneous scavenging of oxygen and chlorine. In addition, it is proposed that achieving 6% of tensile elongation will be adequate for most PM Ti applications, compared to PM steels (normally < 2%), PM aluminium alloys (mostly < 4%) and the requirements for wrought Ti-6Al-4V armour plates (≥ 6%). This will allow the use of HDH Ti powder that contains relatively high oxygen (~0.35wt.%) and direct more efforts towards improving other properties.
Nanoscale SiO2/ZrO2 Particulate-Reinforced Titanium Composites for Bone Implant Materials
Authors: Li Yun Cang , Han Chao , Zhu Xin Kun , Wen Cui'e , Hodgson Peter  D.
Published: August 2012

The mechanical property of porous pure titanium (Ti) scaffold with high porosity might become poorer than that of natural bone. In this study, new Ti-based biocompatible composites were developed to simultaneously meet the requirements of low elastic modulus and appropriate strength for implant materials when they are scaffolded into a porous structure. The nanoscale particulate-reinforced Ti-based composites with different concentrations of oxide particles such as SiO2 and ZrO2 were prepared using a powder metallurgical method. The strengths of the new nanoscale particulate-reinforced titanium composites were found to be significantly higher than that of pure Ti. Cell culture results revealed that the nanoscale particulate-reinforced titanium composites showed excellent biocompatibility and cell adhesion. Human SaOS2 osteoblast-like cells grew and spread well on the surfaces of the new titanium composites. The nanoscale SiO2 and ZrO2 particulate-reinforced titanium composites are promising materials that have great potential for use as an orthopedic implant material.
Preparation of Titanium/Strontia Composite by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Application
Authors: Wang Yu , Wen Cui'e , Hodgson Peter  D. , Li Yun Cang
Published: August 2012

In this study, a Titanium (Ti) / Strontia (SrO) composite was prepared using powder metallurgy, with the aim of obtaining advanced Ti-based composites for use as bone implant materials. Ti/SrO composites with 3 wt% SrO were fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) and vacuum sintering (VS) processes. The particle morphology of ball-milled powders and the microstructure of the Ti/SrO composites were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-spectroscope (EDX). The mechanical properties of the Ti/SrO composite were investigated using nanoindentation and hardness tests. The results showed that the Vickers hardness and nanohardness of the Ti/SrO composites fabricated by both processes were significantly higher than those of pure Ti. The Vickers hardness and nanohardness of Ti/SrO composites fabricated by the SPS process were higher than those prepared using the vacuum sintering process. The elastic modulus of Ti/SrO composites fabricated by the SPS process was higher than those samples fabricated by the vacuum sintering process which was similar to that of pure Ti.
Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Ti-Ta-Ag Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wen Ming , Wen Cui E , Hodgson Peter  D. , Li Yun Cang
Published: August 2012

Ti and some of its alloys (e.g. Ti–6Al–4V alloy) have become the metals of choice for the endosseous parts of presently available dental implants. In the present study, Ti-Ta-Ag alloys with a different Ag content were prepared using vacuum sintering (VS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-Ta-Ag alloys were investigated. The results show that dense Ti-Ta-Ag alloys prepared using the SPS process exhibit high hardness and a suitable elastic modulus for implant materials for load-bearing applications. The effect of preparation methods on the microstructure of Ti-Ta-Ag alloys is discussed.
Characteristics of Powder-Rolled and Sintered Sheets Made from HDH Ti Powders
Authors: Park Nho Kwang , Lee C.H. , Kim Jeoung Han , Hong Jae Keun
Published: August 2012

In this study, direct powder rolling was applied to make thin sheets from HDH (hydrogenation and dehydrogenation) powders. Effects of materials and process parameters on tensile properties of sintered sheets are investigated. In the direct powder rolling with two-horizontal counter-rotating rollers, materials parameters including powder size and process parameters such as roll gap, roll speed, and packing height are controlled. With -100mesh Ti powders, CP titanium sheets of a thickness up to 1.5mm and a width up to 300mm were obtained without any rolling defects. Sintering of the rolled strips was performed between 1000°C and 1250°C at 50°C intervals for 1hour to 4 hours. The relative density of the sintered strips was found to be around 85 to 90 percent. After sintering, the complete densification was made by cold rolling, and microstructures and tensile properties were evaluated after annealing treatment at 750°C for 2 hours.
Ti-6Al-4V Recycled from Machining Chips by Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: McDonald D.T. , Luo Peng , Palanisamy Suresh , Dargusch Matthew S. , Xia Kenong
Published: August 2012

Ti-6Al-4V machining chips have been recycled into fully dense material by a solid-state process based on equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The as-recycled material possessed a refined microstructure and contained a series of oxide layers associated with the boundary of each machining chip. The chip boundaries were observed to dissolve into interstitial solid solution following static annealing. A series of static heat treatments within the temperature range 700 to 1000°C, for durations of between 1 and 20 hours, were performed. The effect of thermomechanical processing on microstructure and mechanical properties is discussed and compared to the as-recycled and commercially available materials.
Ti-6Al-4V Billet Produced by Compaction of BE Powders Using Equal-Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Haase Christian , Ng Hoi Pang , Lapovok Rimma , Estrin Yuri
Published: August 2012

In the present study, ECAP compaction was used to produce Ti-6Al-4V billet from CP Ti powder mixed with two different Al-V master alloys. It was demonstrated that ECAP at 400 °C with applied back-pressure of about 210 MPa permits consolidation of the powder mixtures to relative green densities as high as 99.3 %. A combination of temperature, high hydrostatic pressure and plastic shear deformation gave rise to excellent green densities and good compositional homogeneity due to enhanced self-diffusion. It was shown that the temperature of sintering required after direct compaction of BE powders can be reduced by 150-250°C if compaction is conducted by ECAP with back-pressure. This becomes possible due to high green density and the presence of a large number of fast diffusion paths associated with dislocations and grain boundaries. It is suggested that the ECAP-based processing route may offer a significant saving of production cost.
The Effect of Laser Cladding Deposition Rate on Residual Stress Formation in Ti-6Al-4V Clad Layers
Authors: Cottam Ryan , Thorogood K. , Lui Q. , Wong Yat Choy , Brandt Milan
Published: August 2012

The effect of deposition rate on the residual stresses formed during the laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V powder onto a Ti-6Al-4V substrate was investigated. To isolate the deposition rate from the heat input an analytical laser cladding model was employed to control the melt pool depth to 0.1mm. The clad height was also held constant by the model at 1mm. The laser traversing speed was varied between 300 and 1500 mm/min. The residual stresses were measured using the contour method and it was found that the distribution of residual stress was similar for the different deposition rates and that there was a small variation in the tensile stress level reached in the clad and heat affected zone (HAZ) layer. The microstructures for all three clad layers were a’ martensite and the size of the HAZ was consistent from sample to sample. It was concluded that residual stress development is independent of deposition speed for the laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V.
Characterization and Mechanism of α2-Ti3Al and γ-TiAl Precipitation in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Following Tungsten Arc Welding
Authors: Wang L.M. , Lin H.C. , Tsai C.J.
Published: August 2012

Post-weld heat treatments were carried out in Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-6-4) weldments after a gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The α2-Ti3Al compound formed in the fusion zone (FZ) following the annealing process, whereas the γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al compounds formed in the FZ and heat affected zone (HAZ) respectively following a solution plus aging treatment. These γ-TiAl and α2-Ti3Al that formed in the FZ and HAZ respectively are associated with a low ductility of the Ti-6-4 weldment to 2.8%. In contrast, the only presence of α2-Ti3Al in the FZ still maintains good ductility to 10.8%. Possible mechanisms for γ-TiAl and α2-Ti3Al compound formation in related regions of weldment are discussed.
Self-Propagating Synthesis of Ti-Al-C Powder Mixtures
Authors: Balog Martin , Florek Roman , Nosko Martin , Šimančík František
Published: August 2012

Self-propagating synthesis of Ti-Al-C powder mixture was used for fabrication of master alloys suited to industrial scale manufacturing of Al-TiC composites. The cold compacted powder pellets were heated in a protective atmosphere until the melting point of aluminium. Then the temperature of pellets increased rapidly due to intense exothermic reaction between molten Al and Ti, resulting in simultaneous formation of Al3Ti and Al4C3. When the temperature exceeded ~1090°C, TiC particles started to form as a result of the mutual reaction between Al3Ti and Al4C3. Resulting reaction products consisted of fine (~Subscript textub>2µm) TiC particles uniformly distributed in the Al matrix. The composition of powder mixture was optimized to attain master alloy pellets containing ~50 vol.% TiC. Such pellets were then diluted in molten aluminium to produce Al+TiC composites. In-situ formation of TiC in Al matrix provided favourable interfacial quality, which avoided dewetting and rejection of particles from molten aluminium. The parameters for composite casting were optimized in order to reduce the effect of reversible reaction leading to undesired formation of Al3Ti or Al4C3. The final composites showed significantly increased Young’s modulus and strengths. The potential of using the approach for the fabrication of fine, nearly spherical TiC particulate reinforced Ti composites is briefly discussed. The simple process is very promising for economical manufacturing of highly efficient lightweight structural materials.
Modification of Sintered Titanium Alloys by Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Bolzoni L. , Ruiz-Navas E.M. , Zhang De Liang , Gordo Elena
Published: August 2012

Powder metallurgy (PM) permits to obtain titanium alloys with properties and microstructures close to ingot metallurgy products. However, residual porosity is normally present in the products produced by the PM route of powder pressing and sintering (P&S)\, and this needs to be reduced by using post-sintering process step such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and forging. In this study, the microstructural and mechanical property changes caused by HIP of samples of two alloys, near-α Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy and α+β Ti-6Al-4V, produced by P&S route were investigated. Two types of powders were utilised: prealloyed powders and blend of elemental titanium powder and master alloy powder. Four conditions defined by HIP temperature, pressure and time were used to HIP the sintered samples with two geometries. The results show that, independent of the HIP conditions used, HIP increased the relative density of the samples to approximately 97.5% and their hardness by 30-50 HV depending on the HIP condition. However, HIP at 1000°C changes the fracture mode of the sintered samples from ductile to brittle.
Preparation, Microstructure and Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Rods by Powder Compact Extrusion of Powder Mixture
Authors: Yang Fei , Zhang De Liang , Lu Hui Yang , Gabbitas Brian
Published: August 2012

Ti-6Al-4V (wt%) alloy rods were prepared successfully using a low-cost method that combines mixing elemental and master alloy powders and powder compact extrusion. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rods and the effects of extrusion temperature on them were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the extruded rods were strongly affected by the extrusion temperature. With increasing extrusion temperature from 1200°C to 1300°C and keeping the powder compact holding time unchanged at 2 minutes, the fraction of undissolved V rich particles in the microstructure of the extruded rod decreased substantially to zero, the level of composition homogenization increased dramatically to the highest level, and the UTS and elongation of the extruded rods increased significantly from 886MPa and 1.2% to 1300MPa and 7.1%, respectively. The tensile properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy rods produced by powder compact extrusion of the powder mixture are comparable to those of Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by ingot metallurgy and thermomechanical processing.
Porous Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Prepared by a Press-and-Sinter Process
Authors: Bi Hai Lian , Yu Chang Zhou , Cao Peng , He Yue Hui
Published: August 2012

This paper reports the synthesis of porous titanium with a nominal composition of Ti-6 wt%Al-4wt%V through a press-and-sinter process. Blended elemental (BE) mixtures of Ti and master alloy Al-40V powders were uniaxially pressed and sintered in vacuum. Porosity of the sintered samples was determined in the range of 23vol. % to 37vol. % by the Archimedes method. Tensile strengths were found to range from 73 to 147MPa and Young’s moduli of the sintered samples varied from 3.4GPa to 13GPa. Both tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing porosity. Electrochemical assessment of the sintered porous samples showed deteriorated corrosion resistance, as compared to 95% dense Ti-6Al-4V prepared by sintering pre-alloyed powder. The challenge of using blended elemental powder sintering to fabricate porous Ti-6Al-4V alloys is discussed.
Enhanced Sintering of Pre-Alloyed Binary TiAl Powder by a Small Addition of Iron
Authors: Xia Y. , Schaffer Graham B. , Qian Ma
Published: August 2012

TiAl alloy powder is difficult to sinter unless assisted with pressure and/or pulsed current. This paper investigates the effect of a small addition of iron on the sintering behaviour of γ-TiAl alloy powder at 1350 °C in vacuum. Thermodynamic calculations using Thermo-Calc and the Ti-alloy database TTTI3 predict that iron is a potential sintering aid for TiAl powder. The relative sintered density (RSD) increased with increasing Fe content and peaked at an addition of 2at.%Fe, at which the RSD increased from ~ 60% theoretical density (TD) without iron to ~ 97%TD. The enhanced densification is attributed to liquid formation induced by iron based on both thermodynamic predictions and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The as-sintered microstructures and phase constituents were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis system and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
Influence of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) and Oleylamine on the Formation of Nano to Micron Size Spherical SiO2 Particles
Authors: Rahy Abdelaziz , Hong S.J. , Yang Kap Seung , Bunker Christopher , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Yang Duck J.
Published: August 2012

We report an eco-friendly synthesis of well–controlled, nano-to-micron-size, spherical SiO2 particles using non-hazardous solvent and a byproducts-producing system. It was found that the morphology and size of spherical SiO2 particles are controlled by adjusting the concentration of PEG and oleylamine, ethanol solvent selection, and reaction temperature. The SEM images show spherical-shaped silica particles with homogeneous particle-size distribution. Structural and optical properties of the silica particles were investigated by FT-IR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The resultant SiO2 particles from the synthesis system were easily dispersed in both water and organic solvent.
On the Role of Graphene in Polymer-Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Fei , Bahner M. , Kuppa Vikram K.
Published: August 2012

As a new material, graphene is considered to have great potential in photovoltaic applications, due to its superior physical and electronic properties. In this manuscript, the behavior of graphene nanosheets prepared by different processing methods were investigated in order to probe their applicability in polymer-based bulk heterojunction optoelectronic devices. Raman spectroscopy was employed to study the formation of interfaces between the conjugated polymer and graphene, while photoluminescence quenching was used to investigate charge transfer from P3HT to graphene. The current-voltage characteristics of fabricated cells were investigated to elucidate the role of graphene in their performance. We demonstrate that the addition of small quantities of graphene promotes exciton dissociation and charge transport in P3HT:PCBM BHJ devices, leading to a novel paradigm for organic solar cells.
Study on the Veritable Parameters Filling Method of Plasma Arc Welding Based Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Aiyiti Wurikaixi , Xiang Liu , Zhang Lian Zhong , Chen Ruo Meng
Published: August 2012

The filling method of the cross section of the plasma arc welding based rapid prototyping was investigated. Veritable parameters filling method was proposed to improve the building quality. Optimizing model was established according to veritable parameters filling method and filling parameters such as width of deposited tracks and scan spacing were optimized. The process parameters were chosen from the database according to the optimized data. Experimental results showed that the building precision of the deposited layer using optimized parameters was obviously higher than those using non-optimization parameters.
Effect of Ti Addition on Microstructural Evolution of Ni3Si
Authors: Yu Qing , Sun Yao Ning , Sun Wen Lei
Published: August 2012

Laser cladding technique was used to form Ni3Si intermetallic coating by Ti addition on Ni-based superalloy substrate. The coating was investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The clad coating was dense, compact and smooth. An excellent bonding between the coating and the substrate was ensured by a strong metallurgical interface. The laser clad Ni3Si-Ti intermetallic coating has a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of Ni (Si), Ni3Si (L12) and Ni31Si12 . The grain refinement effect has been achieved due to the occurrence of Ti in cladding layers. By increasing the proportion of Ti, the hardness decreased as the Ti content increasing, the peaks intensity of Ni31Si12 decreased.
Characterization of Pure Titanium and Ti6Al4V Alloy Modified by Plasma Electrolytic Carbonitriding Process
Authors: Li Xin Mei , Dong Xiao Feng , Si Dike Tu Erxun , Li Kai Jie , Yu Dong
Published: August 2012

Porous nanocrystalline thick Ti (CxN1-x) films which bond firmly to the substrate are obtained on commercially pure titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy by plasma electrolytic carbonitriding (PECN) treatment. The microstructures and compositions of the modified layer on different substrates were compared. The results showed that the modified layer is composed of the outer Ti (CxN1-x) film and the diffusion layer. When discharge-treated for 150 min, the thickness of the Ti (CxN1-x) film is ~15μm, irrespective of the different substrate. The TiH2 riched diffusion layer which is 40-45μm thick is located beneath the Ti (CxN1-x) film for the pure titanium substrate, while for Ti6Al4V alloy it is the β-Ti-riched layer which is ~100 μm thick.
Research on FDM Technique for the First Die of Matrix PDC Bit
Authors: Mei Xiao Qin , Yin Guo Fu , Luo Yang
Published: August 2012

Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bit is a new type of drilling tools, which has been developed with the developing of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Technology. Because of excellent abilities of anti-erosion and shock resistance, PDC bit has higher security and efficiency than rock bit in drilling field [. It has been used more and more in oil drilling and coal drilling, especially, in offshore drilling, ultra-deep drilling and slim-hole drilling [.
Car's Internal Shield CNC Machining Technology and Analysis of Machine Tool Rack Mechanical
Authors: Yang Chun Mei , Li Jing , Ma Yan , Ma Jing
Published: August 2012

We make a design of the block diagram of the guard fastening holes processing in this paper. It introduces the car doors composition and functional requirements, uses workbench to analysis the rack to determine its legitimacy. This design not only greatly improved the production efficiency of the car guard fastening hole machining, but also improve design standards and safety of the machine by model simulation analysis.
Physical Simulation of Cutting Process and Optimization of Cutting Parameters
Authors: Yu Tian Biao , Zhang Xue Wei , Pei Jia Ying , Wang Wan Shan
Published: August 2012

Based on metal cutting theory and the key technology of finite element simulation, this paper uses finite element software Deform to establish three-dimensional finite element simulation model and simulate cutting process. This paper uses the work piece material is IN718 high temperature alloys packaged in Deform, and analyzes the processing characteristics of high temperature, choosing the right tools and cutting dosages to simulate. Through the simulation we can get scraps forming process, the surface stress, strain, temperature and cutting force distribution of the workpiece and the tool. We can also get the change rule of cutting force and cutting temperature under the different cutting parameters. The simulation results provide the theoretical basis for the optimization of cutting parameter selection in production practice.
The Optimization of Vacuum Casting Filling Velocity Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Xu Nan Nan , Zhang Zhuang Ya , Zhang Hai Guang , Lv Tian , Liu Yuan Yuan , Hu Qing Xi
Published: August 2012

In the process of vacuum casting, non-uniform flow front velocity about pouring material will lead to casting non-uniform shrinkage and warping deformation. Ideal filling pattern should make pouring material fill into the mold cavity with uniform flow front velocity. Give an optimization method of vacuum casting process, optimize the filling velocity in the filling process by combining numerical simulation and optimization method, and make the flow front velocity of pouring material uniform in the filling process, further reduce the warping deformation of casting. The example shows that the optimal model and the given solution algorithm is feasible.
Cutting Performance of Cemented Carbide Tool in High-Efficiency Turning Ti6Al4V
Authors: Fan Yi Hang , Zheng Min Li , Li Zhe , Wang Song Tao , Li Ying Bin
Published: August 2012

The machining efficiency of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is low and the tool wear is serious. In this paper, uncoated carbide tool and two kinds of coated cemented carbide tool were used for dry turning titanium alloy. The experiments used CCD Observing System and the EDAX analysis of SEM to study tool wear mechanism and analyze the cutting performance through tool life, cutting force and cutting temperature. The results show that the main wear reasons are adhesion, diffusion and oxidation wear. For coated tool, the coating peeled off first, and then tool substrate damaged. Compared with coated carbide tool, the uncoated carbide tool with fine grain has longer tool life and lower cutting force and cutting temperature. The changes of cutting force and cutting temperature with cutting speed are not obvious when using the ccomposite coating (TiAlN and AlCrN) carbide tool. The results can help to choose tool material reasonably and control tool wear.
Dynamic Design of Six-Station Automatic Hydraulic Stretching Machine
Authors: Zhang Xiao Dong , Zhang Jin Jin
Published: August 2012

Hydraulic stretch forming is a very important technology. Punch press has achieved multi-station automatic processing in the press area, which has greatly improved the efficiency. However, the main domestic stretching machine is single-stretching hydraulic machine at present. Compared with punch press, hydraulic stretching machines take less space and have better security, but they make less efficiency and have lower degree of automation. Hence, in order to take the advantage of hydraulic stretching machines and enhance the automation level, studies on multi-position automatic stretching machine occupies an important position. This paper proposes a design scheme of Six-station Automatic Hydraulic Stretching Machine (SAHSM) according to the practical production. The overall 3D structure of SAHSM is designed based on Solidworks to prove the theoretical possibility of the program. Then modal analysis is operated based on FEA of the key components of stretching machine module to improve reliability of the product and overcome the disadvantage of the traditional checking method, the first two-order modes are obtained to prove the impossibility of the resonance. At last, ADAMS-based virtual prototype is analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the SAHSM dynamic design proposed in this paper
Analysis of Affecting Factors on Allowable Contact Stress of Four-Point-Contact Slewing Rings with Single Row
Authors: Qiu Ming , Yan Jia Fei , Zhao Bin Hai , Shi Peng Fei
Published: August 2012

In this paper, some experiments was implemented for analyzing the affecting factors on allowable contact stress of four-point-contact slewing rings with single row including the hardening depth, hardness and the osculation between the steel ball and the raceway. Firstly, the common material 42CrMo was chosen and heat-treated with some process of heat treatment for getting different hardening depth. And then, the indentation tests were conducted with the test-rig, followed by the data process. Finally, some conclusions can be obtained by comparing and analyzing the data. It concludes that when the hardening depth beyond 0.3 and the hardness is not lower than 57HRC, a better allowable contact stress can be got, besides, the better osculation 0.52 is better for the load capacity.
Study on Line-of-Sight Stabilizing Method for Stabilized Sighting System
Authors: Bi Yong Li , Cong Shen , Wang Zhong Xian
Published: August 2012

LOS of the stabilized sighting system is the benchmark of its working. When the stabilized sighting system is installed on the moving carrier, its LOS stability is affected by changes of the posture of the moving carrier. Therefore, a stabilizing device in the stabilized sighting system needs to be designed to isolate the impact of these disturbances on LOS stability. In the paper, firstly, it is introduced the stabilized sighting system working principle. And then, considering from several aspects of optical system, mechanical structure and gyroscope installing location presents three kinds LOS stabilizing methods as whole stabilization, gear transmission stabilization and reflector stabilization. And, it is analyzed for each method and compared with the advantages and disadvantages in detail. These lay a good foundation for the design of the stabilizing device of the stabilized sighting system.
Characteristics Analysis of Load Simulation System Based on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Pan Xu Dong , Wang Guang Lin , Sun Li , Mu Yong Lei , Xie Hai Bing
Published: August 2012

This paper studies a load simulation system based on permanent magnet synchronous motor. Vector control principle of the loading motors vector control technology is analyzed, and using the strategy that direct-axis component of the stator current is zero, the mathematical model of load control is established. To analysis the control characteristics and lay a foundation for the control algorithm of the system, the control channel is divided into two channels, namely the forward load channel and disturbance channel, whose characteristics are analyzed, too. The torsional stiffness of the connecting link has an effect on the dynamics characteristics of the system. Therefore, the system dynamic characteristics under different torsional stiffness of forward load channel and disturbance channel are analyzed in the paper.
Research on the Relationship between End Processing Technology and Processing Quality of Spiral Bevel Gear
Authors: Zhu Ping , Xieeryazidan Adayi , Zhang Hong Xin
Published: August 2012

The heated spiral bevel gear can improve service life and performance. However, the heated spiral bevel gear must be machined by the finish machining process, as result of deformation of tooth surface, which obtained lower machining accuracy. Due to the tooth surface particularity of spiral bevel gears, the traditional tooth grinding, lapping improve the processing quality of tooth surface was subject to a certain degree of influence. Therefore, some measures, such as flared cup grinding, waguri grinding and ultrasonic grinding, which not only improve processing quality of tooth surface of spiral bevel gear, but also improve mill efficiency. With the development of end processing technology at the same time, the cutting tool material and cutting methods appeared certain advantages and received attention in improving fine milling of hard tooth surface.
Research of Motion Law of Cotton Picker's Picking Roller
Authors: Liang Zhi , Sun Wen Lei , Gong Jie Kai
Published: August 2012

For the development of Chinas cotton picker, this paper focuses on researching the level of spindle-type cotton pickers principle and the law of motion. It established overall model of motion simulation and got the contour in the motion simulation module, then extract the line data and make data processing on the basis of the MATLAB, making reconstruction in the three-dimensional modeling software through applying function expression derived from Matlab. In the motion simulation module, getting the displacement, velocity and acceleration curve charts and discussing their analysis, so as to provide the well-reference value for research law of motion in the pick roller of cotton picker.
The Dynamics Calculations and Research of Electronically Controlled Water Distribution Device
Authors: Xu De Fu , Dong Ping , Fan Jun , Guo Shu Jun
Published: August 2012

There are four fluid flows in the water regulator of injection wells the first the second the third and the forth backwash flow.The four fluid flows are used to injection and backwash petroleum wells.Based on the reliability of the water regulator under the high-pressured high speed fluid's function.By using fluent software for the numerical analysis and fluid dynamics,get the velocity and pressure field contours and the cloud chart,under the high pressure and high velocity effect. Meanwhile analysis the results.It is provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the structure of water distribution device.
The Image Positioning and Segmentation Techniques about Gauge Visual Detection System between High Signals and Contact Net Based on Target Feature
Authors: Li Xiao Mei , Zhu Xi Lin , Yu Yong , Zou Xiang , Huang Chen Jun
Published: August 2012

In the design process of gauge visual detection system between high signals and contact net, it is need to do target positioning and segmentation between high signals and contact line. The paper first analyzes the structural characteristics of high signals and contact line, and then uses the Sobel operator for edge detection, and uses first close and then open of image morphological operations for edge treatment, finally uses Hough transform for line and circle detection to extract the object's edge. This positioning and segmentation of target object would be achieved.
Machining Trajectory Generation and Simulation of Miniature Integral Impeller
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Pan Xu Dong , Wang Guang Lin
Published: August 2012

This paper describes machining trajectory generation and simulation of miniature integral impeller. Taking into account the closed and miniature of integral impeller, and low stiffness of the micro-milling tool, in order to avoid interference in the processing, through reasonably division of the impeller blade surface, generate the miniature integral impeller machining trajectory. Then impeller machining NC code is generated, and is simulated in Vericut software. Simulation result shows that the machining programs generated in this paper are effective, and the simulation machined workpiece surface is relatively smooth.
Research on Geometric Error Model for Multi-Axis CNC Machines Based on Differential Transform
Authors: Chen Jian Xiong , Lin Shu Wen
Published: August 2012

The geometric error of machine axis can be equivalent to the differential movement, regarded as a differential operator based on its ideal position. Thus, a new modeling method for multi-axis CNC machines based on differential transform theory is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the workpiece coordinate system is selected to observe the error of tools cutter location and orientation. Then, the kinematics chain of the machine will be consolidated into one, and the closed chain can be changed to open series type. The transform matrix is adopted to convert the differential operator between the different basis, because of the geometric errors have a different basis between measurement and modeling. Eventually, the general geometric error model for multi-axis machines is established after a XYFZ type three-axis machine is studied in detail.
Defibrator Hydrostatic Bearing Test Bench Structural Analysis
Authors: Jiang Xin Bo , Li Dong Qi
Published: August 2012

Structural analysis the shaft of defibrator and design a radial hydrostatic bearing experimental installation . employ the radial hydrostatic bearing which passed the exam in the radial hydrostatic bearing experimental installation will sharply reduce the time of recondition , Increase Efficiency of defibering ,reduce radial vibration of shaft , raising accuracy of defibering and improve the quality of the fibre
Analysis of Unbalanced Response for Coupled Double-Rotor Spindle System of High Speed Grinder
Authors: Li Chang He , Wang Sheng , Ding Yu Cheng
Published: August 2012

This study was focused on the theoretical modeling and numerical simulation about the unbalanced response for coupled double-rotor spindle system of high speed grinder. Based on the rotor dynamics, a theoretical model was established using the transfer matrix method. The moment balance equations, and the transition matrix, the state vector, field matrix of coupled double-rotor spindle system of high speed grinder were analyzed and calculated. The numerical results showed that the amplitude of unbalance response increased by the same multiple as that of the amount of unbalance at different locations and at different speeds. Furthermore, the position most sensitive to the unbalance was the front end of rotor 2, followed by the middle and back end of rotor 2. Rotor 2 was especially sensitive to unbalance. Moreover, the vibration amplitudes of the front end, front and back bearings of rotor 1 increased in response to unbalanced increase of rotate speed. The vibration amplitude abruptly increased at 17500r/min corresponding to first-order critical speed.
Finite Element Analysis to Stringer of a Semi-Trailer
Authors: Tohti Gulbahar , Mahemuti Dilinaer , Tursun Mamatjan
Published: August 2012

In this research, 2D and 3D FEM model of one stringer of a semi-trailer was built. Mesh generation and boundary conditions definition was processed on FAST software. Effective stress distribution diagram was obtained after FEM analysis to stringe structure under various working conditions. Main stress concentration area was defined and causes for stress concentration was analyzed. After all, suggestion for improvement and structure optimization was given.
A Study of Wind Generator Set Transmission Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jian Jie , Sun Wen Lei
Published: August 2012

This paper on wind generator set transmission had a simple introduction, and lumped-mass method was used on the planetary gears of transmission dynamics analysis, the conclusions were drawn that the different planetary gear in the direction of the force and deformation, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) Resonance are a great influence on the dynamic load of the planetary gear train; stiffness the greater the amplitude value of the system dynamic response to the volatility of the more serious, more bad vibration; (2) Simulation results show that, and mechanical impedance analysis based on the state variables, can be carried out on the vibration system time domain and frequency domain simulation, provides a convenient and effective method for kinetic analysis of the vibration system. so as to improving the quality of the design of wind turbine drive system provides a theoretical basis.
On Technologies of Electrochemical Finishing with Pulsed Current
Authors: Xieeryazidan Adayi , Wumerhali Muhetar , Pang Gui Bing
Published: August 2012

Electrochemical finishing with pulsed current (ECFP) is introduced in this paper. The main process parameters, such as electric parameter and inter-electrode gap, etc., were investigated. The results show that the ECFP is an effective finishing method for improving the machining quality as the result of the machining mechanism. The related experimental results show that the obtained surface quality and dimensional accuracy are improved significantly as the result of the application of the pulsed current. Moreover, machining quality is increased with shorter pulses.
The Dynamic Strength Analysis of a Conduit Connector
Authors: Wang Hui Feng , Wang Guang Lin , Shao Dong Xiang , Liu Hai Tao , Lu Ze Sheng
Published: August 2012

This paper takes a kind of 14 mm inner diameter, installation span for 600 mm conduit connector as an example to do the top 5 order modal analysis, resonance resistance analysis and random vibration analysis and gets the vibration model in the different frequency.
Two-Phase Flow Field Characteristics Analysis on Seal Cavity for Bellows Mechanical Seal under Variable Operating Conditions
Authors: Ren Li Chao , Ahmat Mutellip , Gao Qiang , Luo Jing
Published: August 2012

This research based on the vapor-liquid two-phases flow theory and methods, by using the CFD mix-multiphase flow model, the seal cavity vapor-liquid two-phases flow field for the bellows cartridge mechanical seal under such the high-temperature, high-pressure, high-speed as complex working conditions was numerically simulated and analyzed, then the characteristics of the complex three-dimensional flow field of seal cavity caused by the rotation of the sealing ring were obtained by the different position of the injected coolant, and the different cooling effects were contrasted, then the best cooling position were found by analysis. The researching results provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization design of the high parameters bellows cartridge mechanical seal devices.
Finite Element Analysis on the Rigidity of the Blade Carrier in a Guillotine Sheet-Metal Shear
Authors: Li Qian , He Gang , Zhu Deng Lin , Wang Jin Rong , Leng Zhi Bin
Published: August 2012

The rigidity of the sheet-metal shears blade carrier affects the shearing quality greatly. The straightness of the processed sheet-metal will decrease and burrs will increase if the rigidity is too low, which even leads to crack of the blade and decrease of the shearing ability of the sheet-metal shear. The model of the blade carrier in a new guillotine sheet-metal shear in Yawei Machine Tool Co., Ltd was established to study its rigidity. The distortion principle of the blade carrier was deduced using a finite element method. The analysis results are coinciding to the measurement result well. The method proposed in this study provides a guide to the design and intensity alignment of the blade carrier in guillotine sheet-metal shear.
Simulation and Optimization of Six-Bar Mechanism of Shaper Based on ADAMS
Authors: Lv Kun , Yuan Yang , Guo Dong , Wang Lu
Published: August 2012

At first, mathematical movement model of six-bar mechanism of shaper was established with the vector analytic method. Then the geometrical model of six-bar mechanism of shaper was created by the simulation software ADAMS and kinematics simulation analysis on the model was carried out. The simulation results reveal the movement regularity and state information of plough head. By comparing the simulation results with theoretical calculation, the validity of this model and its simulation results were verified. Finally, through the parameterized modeling, how the length change of each rod of the mechanism to affect its performance was analyzed. Taking the plough heads working stroke as optimization objective, the optimal design of mechanism was realized. This method to use ADAMS to conduct simulation and optimization, on the one hand, greatly improves the research efficiency and shortens product development cycle, on the other hand, provides a theoretical reference for the actual mechanism design.
Column Jib Crane Based on ANSYS Analysis of Static Stiffness and Improving Measures
Authors: Ma Xiao , Wang Hui
Published: August 2012

Static stiffness of fixed column jib crane directly affected operating and safety performance. Using ANSYS software for finite element analysis with the consideration of the combined effects of spiral arm and column and the whole structure, the integrated finite element analysis model was established for the whole jib crane and arm-side deflection formula for this type of crane structure was derived. Results verified the deflection formula and the reasonable camber design for spiral arm. Based on the verification, it is aimed to enhance the degree of static stiffness of crane, to improve its response to static stiffness of bend arm to set appropriate degree. In particular, arm deflection ensures correct calculation of static stiffness of the crane foundation, but also on the right arm to set an important basis for degree bend.
Research on Light Pen Measuring System
Authors: Zhang Feng Shou , Jin Jian Li , Li Xi Kai
Published: August 2012

Under the current situation of the rapid development of major equipment and technology, the research on measurement equipment, suitable for requirement of large-size application, is urgency and important. A light pen measuring system based on binocular stereo vision measurement principle is researched. The composition and working principle of the system are analyzed. Subpixel marginal fitting method is adopted to obtain the precise position of the center coordinates of the point of the coded marks. A mathematical model of the camera is Established, and the corresponding relations between the three-dimensional coordinates of the mark points in space and the two-dimensional coordinates of the same points in the image are deduced. In order to improve the speed and accuracy of image matching, the light reflection coded mark stickers are adopted as the marks of the light pen for imaging. The research on the key technologies of the light pen measuring system provides a theoretical basis for the further striking of three-dimensional coordinates of the space point, for the 3D reconstruction of the space model, and for the realization of software technology .
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Two-Phase Flow Diaphragm Pump Based on MATLAB and ADAMS
Authors: Yu Tian Biao , Shi Jia Shun , Zheng Xiao Ping , Liu He Bin , Wang Wan Shan
Published: August 2012

Two-phase flow diaphragm pump (hereafter referred to as the diaphragm pump) is a new generation pump of the reciprocating pump, which used to transport high fretting corrosion medium. At present, the diaphragm pump is widely used in many fields such as Non-ferrous metals, Chemical, Coal, Electric power and so on. The diaphragm pump is of the heart of the equipment; therefore it must have the very high reliability. As the important part of diaphragm pump, the dynamic characteristics of the power end will directly affect the behaviors and life of the solid machine. This paper introduces the work principle of the diaphragm pump, carries a simulation to the virtual prototype of the diaphragm pump based on the numerical value analyze software MATLAB and the dynamics of mechanical system simulation software ADAMS and get the relationships between the design parameters and the dynamic characteristics of the power end of diaphragm pump, which provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the diaphragm pump in the future.
Design for a Novel Electric Sightseeing Car Body
Authors: Luo Han Pin , Qiu Fa Cai , Cao Jian Bo , Sun Quan Hui , E Shi Ju , Cao Zhen Xin , Mao Ming Qiang
Published: August 2012

Under the dual pressures of the energy crisis and environmental protection, electric cars have been actively developed. Aiming at the classical attractions of China, an antique-style electric sightseeing cars was designed through studying the body shape design principles and understanding the basic structure of the electric sightseeing cars. Its 3D modeling was designed by UG software. The electric sightseeing cars have the art features of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and copper vehicle and could adapt to the corresponding attraction, and have a high practical value.
Simulation Analysis of Linear Electric Motor of the Moving Coil Type
Authors: Yuan Li Tao , Sun Ming Li , Tang Liang Dao , Cheng Guang Ming
Published: August 2012

This paper shows how the circular motion of Linear Electric Motor of the Moving Coil Type. The force on the coils can be calculated with COMSOL Multiphysics either using the method of virtual displacement or using the Lorentz force expression.