bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rationale for antimicrobial activity of phytocomplexes recommended for use in oncological pathology
Authors: Varukha Anna P. , Podporin Mikhail S. , Em Alexandra V. , Kubanova Albina B. , Mustafaev Magomet Sh.
Published: October 2024

The modulation of the composition of the oral microbiome in cancer patients is a significant approach to preventing and managing complications from chemotherapy and radiation. The use of mouthwashes is the first treatment option to rehabilitate these patients. Aim: This study evaluated the characteristics of the impact of phytocomplexes on the dynamics of the formation of a mixed microbial consortium comprising potential agents of infectious complications of oncological processes. Methods: The work carried out an experimental assessment of the antimicrobial properties of the phytocomplexes ‘Mukosept’ and ‘Aphrodite’, by analyzing their influence on the consortium microbial group S. sanguis and F. nucleatum, using the infrastructure of the unique scientific installation “Transgenebank”. Results: Based on the results of the experiments, using the automatic programmable cultivation technique, differences in the development of the bacterial population were identified, considering the addition of the studied samples of phytocomplexes at different concentrations. It has been revealed that the phytocomplex ‘Mukosept’ exhibits a more evident antibacterial effect in comparison to the phytocomplex ‘Aphrodite’. Conclusion: Thus, the influence of phytocomplexes on the dynamics of the development of a mixed microbial consortium of potential pathogens of infectious complications of oncological processes has been determined.
Reflexões sobre o ensino de Latim
Authors: Prata Patricia , Mantovani Lara
Published: October 2024

No Brasil, embora o Latim não seja mais estudado nas escolas de ensino básico, ainda o é em algumas universidades e faculdades. Ele se faz presente sobretudo nos cursos de Letras de universidades públicas e raramente nos das universidades e faculdades particulares. Considerando sua importância como veículo essencial para a literatura e cultura latina, que contribuiu para a formação da língua portuguesa e da cultura ocidental, é crucial discutir se a disciplina continua fundamental na formação de profissionais em Letras e superar estigmas negativos. Desse modo, este artigo objetiva analisar a presença do Latim em grades curriculares de cursos de Letras de três universidades públicas (USP, Unicamp e Unesp) e seis universidades particulares (FAM, UNIP, UniPinhal, USF, PUC-Campinas e Mackenzie) do Estado de São Paulo, entre 2010 e 2023, com o intuito de observar se o ensino dessa língua perdeu espaço ao longo do tempo e entender como se deu esse processo.
Pricing Rainbow Options Using PINNs
Authors: Ahmad Ayesha , khan adnan
Published: October 2024

In this study, we consider the valuation of rainbow options using unsupervised machine learning methods. In particular, we consider the pricing of multi-asset (rainbow) European and American options, using Physics Informed Neural Net- works (PINNS). After developing the PINNS architecture, we benchmark the method by using it to price vanilla and exotic options with one and two un- derlying assets. We then use the methodology to price a multi-asset European option, followed by the pricing of the multi-asset American option by solving the linear complementarity problem. We compare our results to those obtained using preexisting numerical methods and note excellent agreement. Unlike con- ventional numerical methods, we note that this methodology does not suffer from the ’curse of dimensionality’. The time complexity of our method is con- siderably less than that of the conventional techniques. Thus PINNS may offer a faster more efficient solution to the pricing of rainbow options.
Large Language Models in Entrepreneurship: A Survey
Authors: Li Yutong , Yang Yuechen , Zhao Chaoran , Cao Chunling
Published: October 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in the domain of artificial intelligence, specifically enhancing natural language processing capabilities. These models leverage extensive datasets and sophisticated algorithms to automate and enhance tasks traditionally performed by humans, thereby revolutionizing innovation and entrepreneurship. LLMs accelerate product development, streamline business operations, and enable precise and rapid decision-making, all of which are crucial for maintaining competitiveness in dynamic markets. This paper categorizes the applications of LLMs in innovation and entrepreneurship into three main areas: technological innovation, strategic decision-making, and process automation. By exploring various integrations of LLMs in entrepreneurial ventures, this work offers both theoretical insights and practical examples, underscoring the transformative impact of LLMs in shaping modern business landscapes.
The CMB Luminosity Distance and Cosmological Redshifts
Authors: Haug Espen
Published: October 2024

We will outline the relationship between luminosity distance and cosmological redshifts, demonstrating that it is consistent with a new cosmological model recently proposed by Haug and Tatum [1], which appears to resolve the Hubble tension within the Rh = ct cosmology.
The Sustainability Journey: Efforts, Challenges, and the Road Ahead for a Global Food Service Giant
Authors: Karimova Nigar
Published: October 2024

This paper explores Burger King's sustainability efforts in the face of growing environmental and social challenges. It begins by defining sustainability and its importance in corporate operations, then transitions to analyze Burger King's specific practices, particularly its efforts to reduce methane emissions from beef production and tackle deforestation linked to its supply chain. While the company has made some strides in addressing environmental concerns, such as introducing low-emission beef burgers, these initiatives have been deemed inadequate by experts. The paper highlights the gaps in Burger King's approach to sustainability and compares it to industry leaders like McDonald's, emphasizing the need for more robust and transparent measures. The conclusion suggests that Burger King must take more aggressive steps in aligning its operations with sustainable practices to meet the demands of modern consumers and secure its long-term viability.
Does ESG Predict Business Failure in Brazil? An Application of Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Kaleem Mehwish , Raza Hassan , Ashraf Sumaira , Almeida António Martins
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to explore the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factor on business failure in Brazil by employing advanced machine learning techniques. We collected data from 235 companies and conducted Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on 40 variables already used in the bankruptcy failure literature, resulting in the formation of 7 variables that predict business failure. The results indicate that ESG factor significantly predict business failure in Brazil. This study has implications for investors, policymakers, and business leaders, offering a more precise tool for risk assessment and strategic decision-making.
Intercity Rail Fares After HSR Liberalization in Spain: The Madrid-Barcelona Corridor
Authors: García-Samaniego Santiago , Campos Javier
Published: October 2024

This paper analyses the evolution of the prices of intercity high-speed rail (HSR) services operated by the Spanish public company Renfe on the Madrid-Barcelona route between April 2019 and June 2022. This period marks one of the most important events in the recent history of railways in Spain: the end of Renfe's monopoly and the opening of this and other corridors to private competitors. Our main objective is to study the impact of the entry of the first competitor, Ouigo, on the incumbent's pricing strategy. Our analysis confirms that Renfe perfectly anticipated Ouigo's entry and adjusted its prices about four months before the market opened. Interestingly, the incumbent also modified its tariff structure in advance according to the willingness to pay of the target customer. These results may be of interest for the forthcoming liberalization of other inter-city corridors.
Automatic Defects Recognition of Lap Joint of Unequal Thickness Based on X-ray Image Processing
Authors: Chi Dazhao , Wang Ziming , Liu Huchun
Published: October 2024

It is difficult to automatically recognize defects using digital image processing method in X-ray radiograph that tested from lap joint of unequal thickness plates. The continuous change of the wall thickness for the lap joint workpiece brings about the very different gray levels in X-ray background image. Besides, due to the shape and fixturing of the workpiece, the distribution of the weld seam in the radiograph is not vertical and results in an existence of a certain angle with the vertical direction. This makes it difficult for automatic defect detection and localization. In this paper, a method of X-ray image correction based on invariant moments is presented to solve the problem. In addition, an automatic defect detection method combined of image noise suppression, background removal, image segmentation and mathematical morphology is introduced. The results show that the proposed method can effectively recognize the gas pores in lap joint of unequal thickness and it is suitable for automatic detection.
Theory of Unification of the Interactions of Fundamental Forces: SU(3) x SU(2) --> U(1)
Authors: Gerardo Flores Hector , Jain Harshit , Mahapatra Premachand , Gonçalves de Souza Maria Isabel
Published: October 2024

Here, using the theory of electrical modelling of the neutron and proton as a three-phase alternating current electrical generator, we will begin the path to demonstrate that the interactions of electromagnetic forces, weak force and strong force that are part of the standard model, can be described by a single electromagnetic force interaction, in other words: SU(3) x SU(2) --> U(1). We will also hypothesize two particles that would give rise to gravitons. It is the interactions of the quarks (U, Û, D, ^D) that dominate the dynamics; They are responsible for the origin of bosons (photons, gluons, W⁺, W⁻, Z⁰, gravitons and Higgs boson).
An All-in-One Device for a Rapid and Simple Genetic Detection
Authors: Pommiès Lilas , Boutal Hervé , Fras David , Boudergui Karim , Simon Stéphanie , Volland Hervé
Published: October 2024

Diagnostics often require specialized equipment and trained personnel in laboratory settings, creating a growing need for point-of-care tests (POCT). Among genetic testing methods, Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) offers a viable solution for developing genetic POCT due to its compatibility with simplified devices. This study aimed to create a genetic test that integrates all steps from sample processing to results while minimizing the complexity, handling, equipment, and time required. Several challenges were addressed to achieve this goal: 1) Developing a buffer for bacterial DNA extraction that is compatible with both LAMP and immunochromatographic tests; 2) Adapting the LAMP protocol for its use with the device; and 3) Optimizing the detection protocol for specific test conditions, with a lateral flow immunoassay format selected for its POCT compatibility. Following these developments, the test was validated using Escherichia coli and non-E. coli strains. A portable heating station was also developed to enable amplification without costly equipment. The resulting genetic POCT achieved 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity, with results available in 60 to 75 minutes. This study demonstrated that our closed-method POCT efficiently performs DNA extraction, amplification, and detection for bacterial identification. The test’s simplicity and cost-effectiveness will support its implementation in various settings.
Prominin-1 Knockdown Causes RPE Degeneration in a Mouse Model
Authors: Bhattacharya Sujoy , Yang Sharon Tzushan , Nabit Bretton P. , Krystofiak Evan S. , Rex Tonia S. , Chaum Edward
Published: October 2024

There are currently no effective treatments for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell loss in atrophic AMD (aAMD). However, our research on Prom1, a known structural protein in photoreceptors (PRs), has revealed its distinct role in RPE and offers promising insights. While pathogenic Prom1 mutations have been linked to macular diseases with RPE atrophy, the broader physiological impact of dysfunctional Prom1 in RPE loss is unclear. We have shown that Prom1 plays a crucial role in regulating autophagy and cellular homeostasis in human and mouse RPE (mRPE) cells in vitro. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of its in vivo expression and function in mRPE remains to be elucidated. To characterize Prom1 expression in RPE in situ, we used RNAscope assays and immunogold electron microscopy. Our use of chromogenic and fluorescent RNAscope assays in albino and C57BL/6J mice retinal sections has revealed Prom1 mRNA expression in perinuclear regions in mRPE in situ. Immunogold imaging showed Prom1 expression in RPE mitochondria. To confirm Prom1 expression in RPE, we interrogated human RPE single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets using an online resource, Spectacle. Our analysis showed Prom1 expression in human RPE. To investigate Prom1's function in RPE homeostasis, we performed RPE-specific Prom1-knockdown (KD) using subretinal injections of AAV2/1.CMV.saCas9.U6.Prom1gRNA in male and female mice. Our data show that RPE-specific Prom1-KD in vivo resulted in abnormal RPE morphology, sub-retinal fluid accumulation, and secondary PR loss. These changes were associated with patchy RPE cell death and reduced a-wave amplitude, indicating retinal degeneration. Our findings underscore the central role of Prom1 in cell-autonomous mRPE homeostasis. The implications of Prom1-KD in causing aAMD-like RPE defects and retinal degeneration in a mouse model are significant and could lead to novel treatments for aAMD.
Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) Alters Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community
Authors: Bergamaschi Valentino , Vera Alfonso , Pirone Lucia , Siles José A. , López-Mondéjar Rubén , Luongo Laura , Vitale Salvatore , Reverberi Massimo , Infantino Alessandro , Bastida Felipe
Published: October 2024

Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) has recently become a concern in Italy, impacting plant health and production. This study aims to investigate the influence of KVDS on soil health indi-cators and the composition of soil microbial communities by comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic kiwifruit orchards located in two areas in Latium, Italy. Soil samples were collected in spring and autumn to evaluate the seasonal variations in soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass. The results revealed that KVDS impacted soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, and water-soluble carbon and nitrogen contents, though these effects varied by orchard and season. Moreover, KVDS significantly affected soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass assessed through PLFAs analysis, particularly showing an increase in fungal biomass in symptomatic areas. In addition, metabarcoding revealed differences in the microbial communities between symptomatic and asymptomatic soils, with notable shifts in their diversity and relative abundance. Our findings highlight the complex interactions between plant-soil-microbiome in KVDS, suggesting that KVDS is multifactorial and is likely associated with an imbalance of soil microbial communities at the rhizosphere level, which can negatively affect soil health.
ChatGPT: Transforming Healthcare with AI
Authors: Neha Fnu , Bhati Deepshikha , Shukla Deepak Kumar , Amiruzzaman Md
Published: October 2024

ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, is an advanced large language model (LLM) that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning to generate human-like responses. This paper explores its applications in digital health and healthcare, focusing on enhancing patient engagement through medical history collection, symptom assessment, and decision support to improve diagnostic accuracy. We also examine its role in promoting health literacy and clinical decision-making across various organ systems. Despite its advantages, the integration of ChatGPT in healthcare poses limitations and risks, including the potential for inaccurate information, overreliance by users, and ethical concerns related to informed consent. We discuss the challenges of keeping pace with rapidly evolving medical knowledge and highlight the need for continuous updates. Additionally, the paper addresses intellectual property and regulatory issues associated with AI deployment in medicine. Through this analysis, we provide insights into the benefits and potential risks of employing ChatGPT in healthcare.
Unveiling the Richness of Curd Based Beverages (A Fermented Dairy Product): A Multifaceted Review of Production, Nutrition, Health, and Culture
Authors: Tungal Richa , Kaur Rehmat
Published: October 2024

Curd, a traditional fermented dairy product, is integral to various culinary traditions, cultural practices, and nutritional systems globally. This review offers an in-depth exploration of curd, encompassing its production methods, nutritional profile, health benefits, and cultural significance. We begin with a detailed examination of the fermentation process, focusing on the role of lactic acid bacteria and the factors affecting curd’s quality and sensory characteristics. The paper evaluates the microbial composition of curd and its potential health benefits, including a comparative analysis of its probiotic effects relative to yogurt. Additionally, we delve into curd-based beverages, assessing their production techniques, nutritional value, and health-promoting properties. The review also explores curd’s cultural and dietary importance, tracing its historical roots in Indian cuisine and traditional medicine, and contrasts its global culinary use with yogurt. By providing a comprehensive overview, this review aims to enhance the understanding of curd and curd-based beverages as functional foods, cultural symbols, and valuable sources of nourishment across diverse populations.
Assessing Benefits of Iso/Iec 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System: Insights from Brazilian Logistics
Authors: Mazzinghy Alanna Oeiras da Costa , Silva Raurielly Maria dos Santos e , Fernandes Reimison Moreira , Batista Edney Dias , Picanço Ailson Renan Santos , Monteiro Nathália Jucá , de Amorim Daniel Meireles , Cardoso Brenda de Farias Oliveira , Silva Jonhatan Magno Norte da , Martins Vitor William Batista
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: The study aimed to analyze and rank the benefits of adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the logistics area, considering the opinion of professionals working in the Brazilian logistics sector through the implementation of ISO/IEC 42001; (2) Methods: The procedures adopted included a literature review to identify the benefits of the use and the application of a survey aimed at professionals in the logistics sector. The analysis used the TOPSIS method to identify and rank the most decisive benefits; (3) Results: Of the 15 benefits mapped in the literature, the professionals attributed the greatest importance to customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, incentives for innovation, and improving the company's image and competitive advantage. The results indicate that adopting ISO/IEC 42001 not only promotes process optimization and cost reduction, but also encourages innovation and strengthens competitiveness in the market; (4) Conclusions: the implementation of this standard is vital for companies in the logistics sector, especially in a Brazilian context of major infrastructural and regulatory challenges. The findings highlight the need for a strategic approach to the adoption of AI, emphasizing the importance of efficient logistics management and ethical practices in the application of this technology.
Low Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metastases – a Two-Way Street
Authors: Silași Alexandru Dorin Adrian , Silași Raluca Viorica , Miron Geanina Daniela , Timiș Tanase , Sur Daniel , Tomoaia Gheorghe
Published: October 2024

Background: Bone metastases (BM) have a detrimental effect on survival for patients with solid cancers. Materials and methods: This systematic review respected the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: When investigating OP as a risk factor for BM development, for breast cancer patients, some articles do not differentiate between intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. BMD does not seem to contribute in a significant manner when investigating Luminal A breast cancer. While researching breast cancer regardless of intrinsic subtype, untreated OP increases the risk of bone metastasis when compared to no OP group or treated OP group. In urological cancer cases, OP seems to predispose the patients to BM, especially early after diagnosis. Investigating risk factors for OP development in cancer patients resulted in the identification of 32 articles. Most articles identified risk factors for osteoporosis development in the context of breast cancer patients. Other commonly investigated solid cancers were prostate, other urological cancers, gynecological malignancies, and other less common subtypes of solid tumors. Discussion: While investigating OP as a risk factor for BM, it becomes clear that there is a high grade of heterogeneity in the behavior of each type of cancer in its dynamic concerning bone metastasis, and thus, OP might have different behaviors as a risk factor depending on the situation. Conclusion: There is a need for data regarding cancer subtypes that have not been explored concerning their interaction with the skeletal system in a low bone mineral density scenario.
A Calcium Channel Alpha2delta Subunit Theory of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Rappoport Ari
Published: October 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease whose etiology is currently unknown. This paper presents a novel theory in which ALS is caused by an impairment of the alpha2de;ta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), most likely due to autoimmune targeting. I show how the impairment mechanistically induces chronic calcium, which in turn explains the major clinical, epidemiological, and pathological evidence known about the disease. The same theory explains the major variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) that greatly overlaps with ALS.
Electrical Model Analysis for Bifacial PV Modules Using Real Performance Data in Laboratory
Authors: Valdivia-Lefort Patricio , Gonzalez Valentina , Barraza Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

The new PV technologies, such as bifacial modules, brings the challenge of analyzing the response of numerical models and their fit to actual measurements. Thus, this study explores various models available in the literature for simulating the IV curve behavior of bifacial photovoltaic modules. The analysis contains traditional models, such as single and double-diode models, and empirical or analytical methodologies. Therefore, this paper proposes and implements a model performance assessment framework. This framework aims to establish a common basis for comparison and verify the applicability of each model by contrasting it with experimental data under controlled conditions of irradiance and temperature.

The study utilizes bifacial modules of PERC+, HJT, and n-PERT technologies, tracing IV curves using a high-precision A+A+A+ solar simulator and conducting two sets of laboratory illumination easurements: single-sided and double-sided. In the first case, each face of the module is illuminated separately, while in the latter, the incident frontal illuminating light is reflected on a reflective surface. Experimental data obtained from these measurements are used to evaluate three different approximations for bifacial IV curve models in the case of double-sided illumination. The employed model for single-sided illumination is a single-diode model. The evaluation of various models revealed that shadowing from frames and junction boxes contributes to an increase in the error of modeled IV curves.

However, among the three evaluated bifacial electrical models, one exhibited superior performance, with current errors approaching approximately 20%. To mitigate this discrepancy, a proposed methodology highlighted the significance of accurately estimating Io, suggesting its potential to reduce errors.
New Number System: An Extension of Binary Arithmetic
Authors: Wang Haoyuan
Published: October 2024

Abstract. This paper introduces $\mathbb{NS}_4$, a novel number system that extends traditional binary arithmetic by incorporating algorithmic mappings for addition, carry-over, and multiplication operations. We establish a mathematical framework demonstrating that $\mathbb{NS}_4$ forms a commutative ring, thereby extending beyond conventional number systems like complex numbers. The proposed system offers efficient representation and manipulation of numerical structures, with potential applications in computational mathematics and digital logic design.
Assessment of Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Breast Cancer Who Underwent Mastectomy and Immediate Breast Reconstruction with Sparing of the Areola-Nipple Complex – Single-Center Analysis
Authors: Stachura Wojciech , Nowikiewicz Magdalena , Zdrenka Marek , Szymankiewicz Maria , Glowacka-Mrotek Iwona , Tarkowska Magdalena , Szylberg Łukasz , Zegarski Wojciech , Nowikiewicz Tomasz
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Despite significant improvements in early detection of breast cancer, some patients still require mastectomy. One clinical problem currently being analyzed is the possibility of preserving the areola-nipple complex (NAC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment results of breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction with sparing of the NAC.
Methods: 335 patients who underwent mastectomy with breast reconstruction – with sparing (group I: 300 patients) or removal of NAC (group II: 35 patients), treated in the period 07.2014-06.2020. In the study groups, the length of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were determined – up to 24 months after the end of treatment (short-term results) and up to 80 months (long-term results). The mean follow-up time of patients was 55.6 ± 19.7 months.
Results: In 50 patients (14.9%), recurrence of neoplastic disease was observed (in group I: 14.7%, in group II: 17.1%; p=0.6972). It was most often a recurrence of cancer in the scar after mastectomy – in 25 patients (respectively: 7.7% vs 5.7%; p=0.6775) or distant metastases – in 16 patients (4.0% vs 11.4%; p=0.051). A total of 10 deaths were observed (6 – 2.0% vs 4 – 11.4%; p=0.0019). A total of 37 patients (10.7% vs 14.3%) required removal of their implant, mainly due to symptoms of infection – in 24 cases (7.3% vs 5.7%).
Conclusion: Preserving the NAC is a safe therapeutic procedure in patients undergoing mastectomy with the option of reconstructive treatment. In both groups of patients, similar early and late treatment results were obtained.
Hierarchical Temporal Semantic Tree Based Trajectory Privacy Protection Scheme over LBSNs
Authors: Xing Peixu , Huang Mengxing , Zhu Liang , Wu Yuanyuan
Published: October 2024

Most of the existing trajectory privacy protection methods provide a unified degree of privacy protection for data, and most of the methods mainly focus on the spatial and temporal dimensions of trajectory data, with little consideration of the semantic information of the location. To address these issues, we propose a hierarchical temporal semantic tree-based personalized trajectory privacy protection (HTST-PTPP) scheme, which mainly constructs a hierarchical temporal semantic tree by considering semantic categories and residence time. Then, quantifies the privacy protection requirements of each location, divides the privacy level, and uses differential privacy technology to realize personalized trajectory privacy protection. Finally, experiments are carried out on two real data sets. The experimental results show that our HTST-PTPP scheme has good performance in data availability and privacy protection.
Antioxidant and Ultrastructural Alterations in Wheat During Drought-Induced Leaf Senescence
Authors: Isgandarova Turana , Rustamova Samira , Aliyeva Durna , Rzayev Fuad , Gasimov Eldar , Huseynova Irada
Published: October 2024

Wheat is one of the most important crops to ensure food production globally. Understanding the mechanism of leaf senescence in wheat plays a crucial role in improving its productivity and resilience under varying stress scenario. In this study, we investigated biochemical, functional, and ultrastructural changes during leaf senescence in wheat genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance. For this, key parameters such as chlorophyll and total protein content, membrane stability, malondialdehyde level, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, benzidine peroxidase, catalase) were comparatively analyzed during both natural and drought-induced senescence. Additionally, the expression of superoxide dismutase isoform genes functioning in different cellular compartments was studied, alongside ultrastructural changes in flag leaves. The experiments involved genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum (Triticum durum Desf.) wheat. After the booting stage, irrigation was discontinued for drought-treated plants. Flag leaves were sampled at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after anthesis. The drought-tolerant genotypes exhibited slower chlorophyll degradation, lower lipid peroxidation levels, higher membrane stability, and more robust antioxidant responses, maintaining cellular function longer than the sensitive genotypes, which showed accelerated leaf senescence. Transcript levels of FeSOD increased significantly post-flowering but declined as senescence progressed, while MnSOD expression rose towards the end of ontogenesis. Ultrastructural analysis revealed progressive damage to chloroplast membranes, thylakoid structures, and mesophyll cell walls under stress conditions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the physiological and molecular responses of wheat to drought stress, offering potential targets for improving crop performance in water-limited environments.
The Impact of Nursing Interventions on Postoperative Complications Following Pediatric Bronchoscopy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Sixi , Cao Binglin
Published: October 2024

ediatric bronchoscopy is a widely used diagnostic and therapeutic procedure; however, it is frequently associated with postoperative complications, including laryngeal edema, hypoxemia, and respiratory distress【1】【2】. Nursing interventions have the potential to mitigate these complications; however, their overall effectiveness in pediatric populations remains under-investigated. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of nursing interventions on the incidence of postoperative complications following pediatric bronchoscopy. A random-effects model was applied to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), estimating the effect of nursing interventions on postoperative complications. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Nursing interventions were associated with a significant reduction in postoperative complications, with a pooled OR of 0.22 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.37; p < 0.0001). The heterogeneity across studies was low (I² = 0%), indicating consistent results across the included studies【1】【3】【6】. Funnel plot analysis revealed slight asymmetry; however, Egger’s test did not indicate significant publication bias (p = 0.1213)【7】. Given the consistency of these findings, integrating structured nursing protocols into postoperative care has the potential to substantially improve patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impacts and cost-effectiveness of these interventions【9】【10】
Responses of Legumes to Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Global Meta-Analysis
Authors: Duan Hai-Xia , Luo Chong-Liang , Wang Xia , Cheng Ye-Sen , Abrar Muhammad , Batool Asfa
Published: October 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia are crucial for plant productivity, microbial community structure, and soil quality, making them key components for sustainable ecosystem development. The symbiotic relationship between AMF and rhizobia is essential for effective biological nitrogen fixation and nutrient absorption, reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. However, studies have shown that soil environment can hinder the symbiotic relationship between AMF and rhizobia. We conducted a meta-analysis of 158 articles from 1980 to 2022 to explore the synergistic interactions in legume-AMF-rhizobium systems and the potential mechanisms underlying synergism. Our findings revealed that the inoculation with AMF and/or rhizobia significantly (P < 0.001) increased legume plant nitrogen content, phosphorus content, shoot biomass, yield, AMF colonization rate, nodule number, and nodule weight compared to uninoculated controls (effect size d >0). There was a substantial synergistic effect between AMF and rhizobia (P < 0.001). However, soil salt, drought and pH stress inhibited the positive effects of inoculation treatments, possibly due to the plant trade off strategies under adverse stress conditions. Under well-watered condition, the d values of plant yield in the rhizobia, AMF and co-inoculation treatments were 2.047, 1.661, and 3.412 (QM = 246, P < 0.001), respectively, which were higher than that of 1.196, 0.765, and 1.828 (QM = 195, P < 0.001) in the drought stress treatment. This research may potentially lead to new solutions for sustainable agricultural systems in the face of global climate change.
Mangrove Ecosystem Transformation Approach (META) Innovation Design as Strengthening Business Resilience and Environmental Sustainability of in East Java
Authors: Riyanto Darwin Yuwono , Santoso Rudi , Wibowo Januar
Published: October 2024

The degradation of mangrove ecosystems in East Java poses significant challenges to both environmental sustainability and local businesses dependent on mangrove tourism. This study explores the implementation of the Mangrove Ecosystem Transformation Approach (META), a holistic framework designed to integrate environmental conservation with business resilience in the mangrove tourism sector. By combining quantitative, qualitative, and model development methods, this research investigates how innovative technologies can support sustainable tourism management. The study identifies critical factors influencing business resilience, evaluates the environmental impact of mangrove tourism, and demonstrates how META can improve operational efficiency and environmental outcomes. The findings highlight the potential for META to serve as a model for sustainable tourism in coastal areas, ensuring long-term business viability and environmental preservation.
Key Proteins in Rat Cerebral Cortex: Application of Cornu aspersum Extract as Neuroprotective Agent in Alzheimer’s Type Dementia
Authors: Atanasov Ventseslav , Velkova Lyudmila , Tancheva Lyubka , Dolashki Aleksandar , Kalfin Reni , Dolashka Pavlina
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most widespread neurodegenerative disorder. Recently, it was found that mucus extract from Cornu aspersum have beneficial effects on memory and cognitive processes in a rat scopolamine model of AD. The present study elucidated mechanisms of action of standardized mucus snail extract (SE) enriched with fraction above 20 kDa on Alzheimer-type dementia in rats. Using proteomic analysis on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D–PAGE) on rat cortex extracts we compared protein expression in both groups: the first group treated intraperitoneally with scopolamine (Sco, 2 mg/kg, 11 days) and the second (Sco + SE) group treated intraperitoneally with Sco (Sco, 2 mg/kg) and protected by SE (0.5 ml/100 g bw) applied daily orally for 11 days. Brain cortex was separated and the expression of various proteins related to memory and cognitive functions were identified. We found that the expression of Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, Calbindin, Vacuolar ATP synthase catalytic subunit A, Tropomyosin beta chain, 14-3-3 zeta/delta, Kinesin-1 heavy chain and Stathmin-4 significantly differs in SE-protected rats as compared to non-treated dement animals, and these brain proteins might be potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s type dementia treatment.
ECONOMIC BURDEN OF OBESITY IN HUNGARY Estimation About Obesity Related Public Health Care Expenditures and out of Pocket Payments in 2019 and 2022
Authors: ANTAL Emese , TORZSA Péter , RURIK Imre
Published: October 2024

Background. Obesity is an important threat to national and global public health in terms of prevalence and economic burden due to the obesity-related complications (ORCs) and morbidities. Aim of this study is to calculate the obesity related public expenditures in Hungary, to estimate the expenses and contribution of patients in 2019 (before) and in 2022 (after) the covid-pandemic.Method. The National Health Insurance Fund is the only health-care financing agency in a single-payer social-insurance system in Hungary, managing all of the public payments. Expenditures related to the patients with obesity and more frequent co-morbidities were requested from the national database. Financing of the inpatient (hospital) and the outpatient (secondary or ambulatory care) providers, reimbursement for prescription of medicines and healing aids were collected. Lower and upper thresholds were estimated, representing the prevalence of the respective morbidities among obese persons. The upper values were used in the final estimation, because many of other obesity related morbidities and treatments were not included in the calculation. Results. Obesity-related morbidities represent 10-12 % of all cases in the public health care system. National public health care expenses could be about 144 Billion HUF (444 Million EUR) for 2019 and 133 Billion HUF (393 Million EUR). These sums represent 7-11% of the national spending for health care provision, without sick leave expenditures. The co-payment of patients was estimated 34 Billion HUF (104 Million EUR) and 43 Billion HUF (109 Million EUR), respectively. Public expenditures and co-payments related to diabetes Type2, and hypertension were the highest. The public and individual expenditures together represents 0.3-0.4% of the Hungarian GDP.This study presents whole national database which is appropriate for reliable calculation. Reducing of high expenses could be possible by weight maintenance, preferable as early prevention, and weight reduction among persons living with obesity at individual level. Beside these, more efforts are needed in the education and public health policy. To calculate the cost of obesity, to improve homogeneity and comparability an international consensus is required on standardized methods.
Product Entropic Uncertainty Principle
Authors: KRISHNA K. MAHESH
Published: October 2024

Motivated from Deutsch entropic uncertainty principle and several product uncertainty principles, we derive an uncertainty principle for the product of entropies using functions.
Immunoglobulins: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Applications in Immune Response
Authors: Ahmed Rashed
Published: October 2024

The article titled "Immunoglobulins and Its Applications" provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and therapeutic significance of immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies. These vital proteins, produced by plasma cells in response to immunogens, are essential components of the immune system, playing a critical role in recognizing and neutralizing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The article elaborates on the five primary classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM), each distinguished by its unique structural and functional properties. It discusses the molecular composition of immunoglobulins, highlighting the significance of their variable and constant regions in antigen binding. The paper also explores the diverse immune functions mediated by these proteins, including precipitation, agglutination, and neutralization of antigens. Additionally, the article emphasizes the therapeutic applications of immunoglobulins, particularly in treating immune deficiencies and other diseases. Advances in monoclonal antibody technology have significantly expanded the utility of immunoglobulins in both research and medicine, leading to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches such as humanized monoclonal antibodies and bifunctional antibodies. This comprehensive analysis underscores the critical role of immunoglobulins in both natural immunity and therapeutic interventions.
Delimitation of Green Infrastructure in Almeria Province (Spain) using Geographical Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Evaluation
Authors: Navas González Álvaro , Hewitt Richard J. , Martínez-Vega Javier
Published: October 2024

Green Infrastructure (GI) is increasingly prioritised in landscape policy and planning, due to its potential to benefit ecosystems and enhance wildlife conservation. However, due to the uneven distribution of protected areas (PAs) and the fragmentation of habitats more generally, multi-level policy strategies are needed to create an integrated GI network bridging national, regional and local scales. To help address this challenge, we present proposals to integrate GI elements for the province of Almeria, southeast Spain. We delimit and define key GI elements, and apply GIS-based connectivity tools to generate ecological corridors connecting the province’s 35 PAs. Currently, the PAs are threatened by the advance of intensive greenhouse agriculture and tourism-related urban growth of the municipalities to which they belong. Common patterns in the location of the most suitable areas for the development of GI can be identified. New GI networks would be located along the coast, specifically in the western part of the study area. They would also occupy the valleys of the main rivers of the province. Around 50% of the area occupied by the proposed corridors would be located in places of medium and high suitability for the movement of species between core areas.
Formulation of Epoxy Prepregs, Synthesization Parameters and Resin Impregnation Approaches – a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Somarathna Yashoda , Herath Madhubhashitha , Song Pingan , Islam Md Mainul , Epaarachchi Jayantha
Published: October 2024

Prepregs, which are resin-impregnated and expensive composites, are mainly limited to high-end applications within the aeronautical, defence, automotive, and energy sectors. Prepreg technology is mainly protected by under trade secrets resulting in limited studies on recent advancements. A Scopus search revealed 861 articles and 16 reviews for the keywords ‘epoxy’ and ‘prepreg’. However, this was narrowed down to 123 articles and 4 reviews using keywords ‘formula development’ and ‘B-stage’. In this review, the control strategies of B-staging, resin tack, and viscosity and their measuring techniques are discussed. Based on resin impregnation techniques and B-stage control, two approaches are proposed to develop prepreg resin formulations: conventional resin impregnation and viscosity-controlled resin impregnation. The approaches would be extremely useful especially for advancing beyond the existing prepreg applications and developing smart materials and functional composites through advanced resin modification strategies.
Validity of Centrifuge-based Method for Determining Water Retention Curve of Growing Media
Authors: Muhammed Hadi Hama Aziz , Schumm Lisa , Anlauf Ruediger , Reineke Tobias , Daum Diemo
Published: October 2024

This study presented a centrifuge-based method for determining hydraulic properties in growing media, offering insights into water dynamics in growth substrates. The objectives of this study were to test the practical applicability of the centrifuge method as a quick test for a wide range of growing media, ii) to compare a simple substitution method to describe the bulk density of growing media with results of the standard method, and iii) to give a recommendation under which conditions the centrifuge quick test could serve as a replacement for the standard method. Methods involved centrifugation and correlation analyses. Results showed good agreement between the centrifuge and DIN methods, with notable compression effects at lower pF stages. The method's rapidity (2 days vs. up to 8.5 days) and correlation with standard methods highlight its potential for practical applications. Limitations, such as compression effects, were noted, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation. Overall, the centrifuge method provided a valuable tool for research and substrate development. This study contributes to refining measurement techniques in growth substrates, encouraging ongoing research in water dynamics in growing media.
Bridging Language Gaps: A Dive Into Cross-Lingual Named Entity Transliteration in Chinese
Authors: Nayak Somya , Mukhopadhyay Biatrisha
Published: October 2024

Language is a fundamental component of culture and identity. The transliteration of language names into Chinese, a complex task requiring a deep understanding of both linguistic and cultural nuances, has been the subject of ongoing research and debate. This article delves into a comprehensive project conducted to explore the transliteration of various language names into Chinese. It discusses the methods employed, the challenges faced, and the implications of these transliterations on cross-cultural communication and understanding. The project deals with the transliteration of Proper Nouns such as names of person and place in Mandarin.  The proper nouns pertaining to names of people from different language family including Indian names, Arabic names as well western names into Mandarin. Named entity the project aims to develop a comprehensive transliteration system for the names of places located in the border areas into Mandarin. Transliterating border area place names into Mandarin, this project seeks to enhance cross-border interactions. Some of the primary tasks are to compile a database of place names in the border areas of the country. Moreover, to develop a transliteration system that accurately represents the phonetics and pronunciation of the place names into Mandarin. To develop a transliteration system that adheres to Mandarin pronunciation rules and captures the phonetic nuances of the place names. The process involves engaging linguists and experts in the development and validation of the transliteration system and phonetic sound recordings of the transliterated contents. A guidebook for reference and usage has also been part of the project. The outcomes of this project will benefit various stakeholders, including government agencies by providing an accurate representation of the border area place names and names of person (Named Entities) in Mandarin.