bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of changes in well‐mixed gases and ozone on stratospheric seasonal temperatures
Authors: Schwarzkopf M. D. , Ramaswamy V.
Published: October 2003

Monthly and seasonal stratospheric zonal‐mean temperature trends arising from recent changes in stratospheric ozone and well‐mixed greenhouse gases (WMGGs) are simulated using a general circulation model and compared with observed (1979–2000) trends. The combined effect of these gases yields statistically significant cooling trends over the entire globally averaged stratosphere in all months. In the Arctic (60°N–90°N), statistically significant trends occur only in summer and extend through the entire stratosphere. In the Antarctic (90°S–65°S), the simulations reproduce the observed seasonal pattern of the lower stratosphere temperature trend. Seasonal trends at 50 hPa are consistent with observed trends at all latitudes, considering model dynamical variability and observational uncertainty. The lack of robustness in simulated and observed Arctic winter trends indicates the futility of attributing these trends to trace gas concentration changes. Such attribution arguments may be made with greater confidence regarding middle and high latitude Northern Hemisphere summer temperature trends.
Wave emission by whistler oscillitons: Application to “coherent lion roars”
Authors: Sauer K. , Dubinin E. , McKenzie J. F.
Published: October 2003

Oscillitons are stationary, nonlinear structures exhibiting spatial oscillations superimposed on the spatial growth and decay which is characteristic of usual solitons. Although they were first identified in plasmas with two ion populations, it is shown they may generally occur in any media with a particular wave dispersion, in which there is at least one point in the diagnostic diagram where the phase‐ and group velocities coincide at finite values of k. In this paper, we study the properties of oscillitons in the electron whistler branch (‘whistler oscillitons’). These arise from the momentum exchange between protons and electrons, mediated by the Maxwell stresses, and may generate coherent wave packets in the frequency range of 0.1 Ωe ≤ ω ≤ 0.5 Ωe (Ωe: electron cyclotron frequency), depending on βe (βe = 2μonkTe/B2) and the temperature anisotropy T⟂e/T∥e. Applications to observations of ‘coherent lion roars’ are discussed.
Bathymetric effect on the winter sea surface temperature and climate of the Yellow and East China Seas
Authors: Xie Shang‐Ping , Hafner Jan , Tanimoto Youichi , Liu W. Timothy , Tokinaga Hiroki , Xu Haiming
Published: October 2003

Whether and how the atmosphere reacts to changes in extratropical sea surface temperature (SST) is under intense debate and this lack of understanding has been a major obstacle in the study of non‐El Nino climate variability. Using new satellite measurements, we detect clear ocean‐to‐atmospheric feedback in the Yellow and East China (YEC) Seas that is triggered by the submerged ocean bottom topography. Under intense surface cooling in winter, water properties are well mixed up to 100 m deep. Ocean depth thus has a strong influence on SST of the continental shelf, leading to a remarkable collocation of warm tongues and deep channels. High winds and increased cloudiness are found over these warm tongues; one such band of ocean‐atmospheric co‐variation meanders through the basin, following a deep channel for an amazing distance of 1000 km. In addition to these climatic effects, the Kuroshio Front—where the warm current meets the much colder shelf water—strengthens the growth of storms.
Observation of lower hybrid drift instability in the diffusion region at a reconnecting magnetopause
Authors: Bale S. D. , Mozer F. S. , Phan T.
Published: October 2003

Intense lower hybrid waves are observed in the Hall current region of a reconnecting current sheet at the earth's magnetopause. Large measured cross‐field drifts and density gradients are the likely sources of free energy through a lower hybrid drift instability (LHDI), which is stabilized near the neutral point where the plasma β is large. Harris neutral sheet and linear models are fitted to the data and inferred current density profiles are compared to the observed current density from particle measurements. We estimate the contribution of LHDI anomalous resistivity to the parallel electric field and show that it is more than 100 times smaller than the measured parallel field at the separator boundaries and essentially zero near the neutral point, leaving gradient electron pressure tensor and inertial terms or anomalous resistivity from higher frequency instabilities to support any parallel fields there and, hence, control the reconnection process.
GPS measurements of crustal deformation in the Baikal‐Mongolia area (1994–2002): Implications for current kinematics of Asia
Authors: Calais Eric , Vergnolle Mathilde , San'kov Vladimir , Lukhnev Andrei , Miroshnitchenko Andrei , Amarjargal Sharavyn , Déverchère Jacques
Published: October 2003

We present new geodetic results of crustal velocities over a large part of northern Asia based on GPS measurements in the Baikal rift zone and Mongolia spanning the 1994–2002 period. We combine our results with the GPS velocity field for China of Wang et al. [2001] and derive a consistent velocity field for most of Asia. We find contrasted kinematic and strain regimes in Mongolia, with northward velocities and N‐S shortening in westernmost Mongolia but eastward to southeastward motion and left‐lateral shear for central and eastern Mongolia. This eastward to southeastward motion of central and eastern Mongolia is accommodated by left‐lateral slip on the E‐W trending Tunka, Bolnay, and Gobi Altay faults (2 ± 1.2 mm yr−1, 2.6 ± 1.0 mm yr−1, and 1.2 mm yr−1, respectively) and by about 4 mm yr−1 of extension across the Baikal rift zone. Consequently, ∼15% of the India‐Eurasia convergence is accommodated north of the Tien Shan, by N‐S shortening combined with dextral shear in the Mongolian Altay and by eastward displacements along major left‐lateral strike‐slip faults in central and eastern Mongolia. We find a counterclockwise rotation of north and south China as a quasi‐rigid block around a pole north of the Stanovoy belt, which rules out the existence of an Amurian plate as previously defined and implies <2 mm yr−1 of left‐lateral slip on the Qinling Shan fault zone.
Fault interaction and stress triggering of twentieth century earthquakes in Mongolia
Authors: Pollitz Fred , Vergnolle Mathilde , Calais Eric
Published: October 2003

A cluster of exceptionally large earthquakes in the interior of Asia occurred from 1905 to 1967: the 1905 M7.9 Tsetserleg and M8.4 Bolnai earthquakes, the 1931 M8.0 Fu Yun earthquake, the 1957 M8.1 Gobi‐Altai earthquake, and the 1967 M7.1 Mogod earthquake (sequence). Each of the larger (M ≥ 8) earthquakes involved strike‐slip faulting averaging more than 5 m and rupture lengths of several hundred kilometers. Available geologic data indicate that recurrence intervals on the major source faults are several thousands of years and distances of about 400 km separate the respective rupture areas. We propose that the occurrences of these and many smaller earthquakes are related and controlled to a large extent by stress changes generated by the compounded static deformation of the preceding earthquakes and subsequent viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle beneath Mongolia. We employ a spherically layered viscoelastic model constrained by the 1994–2002 GPS velocity field in western Mongolia [Vergnolle et al., 2003]. Using the succession of twentieth century earthquakes as sources of deformation, we then analyze the time‐dependent change in Coulomb failure stress (Δσf). At remote interaction distances, static Δσf values are small. However, modeled postseismic stress changes typically accumulate to several tenths of a bar over time intervals of decades. Almost all significant twentieth century regional earthquakes (M ≥ 6) with well‐constrained fault geometry lie in positive Δσf lobes of magnitude about +0.5 bar. Our results suggest that significant stress transfer is possible among continental faults separated by hundreds of kilometers and on timescales of decades.
Climatology of the stratospheric BrO vertical distribution by balloon‐borne UV–visible spectrometry
Authors: Pundt I. , Pommereau J.‐P. , Chipperfield M. P. , Van Roozendael M. , Goutail F.
Published: October 2003

A balloon‐borne UV–visible spectrometer, the SAOZ‐BrO, has been designed for the measurement of BrO on small and relatively low‐cost balloons. It allows the retrieval of the vertical BrO profile with a resolution of 1 km, a precision of 0.5–2 pptv (below 25 km), and a +5/−10% accuracy during the daytime balloon ascent. Fifteen successful flights have been carried out since 1997. Significant BrO amounts were observed at all latitudes and seasons, with a peak concentration altitude varying from 15 km in the winter vortex to 22 km in the tropics. The mixing ratio increases steadily from the tropopause to 25–30 km, depending on the latitude, above which it remains constant up to 30 km. The latitudinal and seasonal changes (maximum at high latitude and in the winter) are largely controlled by the vertical transport of total inorganic bromine and to a smaller extent by photochemistry. Photochemical changes are primarily related to NO2 abundances. On a constant potential temperature surface, the BrO mixing ratio is the largest in Polar Regions in the winter, where NO2 is nearly absent. In contrast, BrO is the smallest during the polar day and in the summer at midlatitude. The presence of activated chlorine in the cold vortex has little impact on BrO abundances. Finally, significant amounts were observed in the upper troposphere: (1) in the summer at midlatitude where it was the result of a stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) event advecting bromine from the stratosphere and (2) at the tropics where its presence is likely due to the conversion of organic bromine at lower altitude.
Role of NOy as a diagnostic of small‐scale mixing in a denitrified polar vortex
Authors: Gao R. S. , Popp P. J. , Ray E. A. , Rosenlof K. H. , Northway M. J. , Fahey D. W. , Tuck A. F. , Webster C. R. , Hurst D. F. , Schauffler S. M. , Jost H. , Bui T. P.
Published: October 2003

Observations of three stratospheric species (N2O, CH4, and NOy) are examined for their suitability as mixing tracers in the inner Arctic vortex region between late February and mid‐March 2000. NOy is highly inhomogeneous on isentropic surfaces and has little systematic vertical gradient between the 420 and 470 K potential temperature surfaces due to severe and extensive denitrification. Probability distribution functions of NOy calculated from in situ measurements do not show systematic and significant change as a function of time, indicating that mixing was too slow to substantially homogenize NOy distribution and therefore to strongly affect photochemical O3 destruction rates during the period. We propose that the NOy inhomogeneity is useful for diagnosing small‐scale, irreversible mixing rates during the measurement period. A simple kinematic model is used to show that the NOy standard deviation on an isentropic level in the vortex has desirable properties for quantifying these rates. A practical method for deriving mixing rates for chemistry and transport models has been proposed for future studies.
High‐resolution vib‐rotational analysis of the ν3 and ν4 spectral regions of chlorine nitrate
Authors: Flaud J.‐M. , Orphal J. , Lafferty W. J. , Birk M. , Wagner G.
Published: October 2003

High‐resolution Fourier‐transform spectra of isotopically natural pure chlorine nitrate, ClONO2, were recorded with a resolution of 0.00094 cm−1 at temperatures of 190 and 297 K. An extensive vib‐rotational analysis of the ν4 and ν3 fundamental bands as well as the hot band, ν4 + ν9 − ν9, of the most abundant 35Cl isotopomer was performed for the 190 K spectrum. In addition, the cold bands of the lesser abundant 37Cl isotopomer were partially assigned. Accurate upper state rotational Hamiltonian constants were derived. In particular, the following band centers were determined: ν0(ν4) = 780.2161(8) cm−1, ν0(ν3) = 809.7513(8) cm−1, ν0(ν4 + ν9 − ν9) = 778.7235(8) cm−1 for 35ClONO2 and ν0(ν4) = 778.8695(8) cm−1 for 37ClONO2. These constants were used to generate spectral parameters that permit a precise modeling of experimental cross sections of the ν4 fundamental Q‐branch of 35ClONO2 over the temperature range of 190–297 K and atmospheric pressures up to 150 mbar. This Q‐branch is used for atmospheric retrievals.
Spatiotemporal modeling of PM2.5data with missing values
Authors: Smith Richard L. , Kolenikov Stanislav , Cox Lawrence H.
Published: October 2003

We propose a method of analyzing spatiotemporal data by decomposition into deterministic nonparametric functions of time and space, linear functions of other covariates, and a random component that is spatially, though not temporally, correlated. The resulting model is used for spatial interpolation and especially for estimation of a spatially dependent temporal average. The results are applied to part of the PM2.5network established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, covering three southeastern U.S. states. A novel feature of the analysis is a variant of the expectation‐maximization algorithm to account for missing data. The results show, among other things, that a substantial part of the region is in violation of the proposed long‐term average standard for PM2.5.
Possible atmospheric CO2 extremes of the Middle Cretaceous (late Albian–Turonian)
Authors: Bice Karen L. , Norris Richard D.
Published: October 2003

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) estimates for the Middle Cretaceous (MK) have a range of >4000 ppm, which presents considerable uncertainty in understanding the possible causes of warmth for this interval. This paper examines the problem of MK greenhouse forcing from an inverse perspective: we estimate upper ocean water temperatures from oxygen isotope measurements of well‐preserved late Albian–Turonian planktonic foraminifera and compare these against temperatures predicted by general circulation model (GCM) experiments with CO2 concentrations of 500–7500 ppm. At least 4500 ppm CO2 is required to match maximum temperatures inferred from well‐preserved planktonic foraminifera. Approximately 900 ppm CO2 produces a good match between the model and the minimum temperature estimates for the MK. An ocean model forced by these two extremes in surface conditions brackets nearly all available bottom water temperature estimates for this interval. The climate model results support nearly the entire range of MK CO2 estimates from proxy data. The ocean model suggests possible MK oceanographic changes from deep water formation in the high latitude region of one hemisphere to the other hemisphere in response to changes in atmospheric temperatures and hydrologic cycle strength. We suggest that, rather than contradicting one another, the various proxy CO2 techniques (especially those with high temporal resolution) may capture true variability in CO2 concentrations and that MK CO2 could have varied by several thousand ppm through this interval.
Intraseasonal oscillation of total precipitable water over North Indian Ocean and its application in the diagnostic study of coastal rainfall
Authors: Sajith V. , Santosh K. R. , Ram Mohan H. S.
Published: October 2003

TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) is reported to be a useful sensor to measure the atmospheric and oceanic parameters even in cloudy conditions. Vertically integrated specific humidity, Total Precipitable Water (TPW) retrieved from the water vapour absorption channel (22GHz.) along with 10m wind speed and rain rate derived from TMI is used to investigate the moisture variation over North Indian Ocean. Intraseasonal Oscillations (ISO) of TPW during the summer monsoon seasons 1998, 1999, and 2000 over North Indian Ocean is explored using wavelet analysis. The dominant waves in TPW during the monsoon periods and the differences in ISO over Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal are investigated. The northward propagation of TPW anomaly and its coherence with the coastal rainfall is also studied. For the diagnostic study of heavy rainfall spells over the west coast, the intrusion of TPW over the North Arabian Sea is seen to be a useful tool.
Dust Flux Monitor Instrument for the Stardust mission to comet Wild 2
Authors: Tuzzolino A. J. , Economou T. E. , McKibben R. B. , Simpson J. A. , McDonnell J. A. M. , Burchell M. J. , Vaughan B. A. M. , Tsou P. , Hanner M. S. , Clark B. C. , Brownlee D. E.
Published: October 2003

The Dust Flux Monitor Instrument (DFMI) is part of the Stardust instrument payload. The prime goal of the DFMI is to measure the particle flux, intensity profile, and mass distribution during passage through the coma of comet Wild 2 in January 2004. This information is valuable for assessment of spacecraft risk and health and also for interpretation of the laboratory analysis of dust captured by the Aerogel dust collectors and returned to Earth. At the encounter speed of 6.1 km/s, the DFMI measurements will extend over the particle mass range of 8 decades, from 10−11 to >10−3 g. A secondary science goal is to measure the particle flux and mass distribution during the ∼7 year interplanetary portions of the mission, where, in addition to measurements of the background interplanetary dust over the radial range 0.98 AU to 2.7 AU, multiple opportunities exist for possible detection by the DFMI of interplanetary meteor‐stream particles and interstellar dust. The DFMI consists of two different dust detector systems: a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Dust Sensor Unit (SU), which measures particles with mass <∼10−4 g, and a Dual Acoustic Sensor System (DASS), which utilizes two quartz piezoelectric accelerometers mounted on the first two layers of the spacecraft Whipple dust shield to measure the flux of particles with mass >10−4 g. The large Whipple shield structures provide the large effective sensitive area required for detection of the expected low flux of high‐mass particles.
Quantum Orthogonal Cayley-Klein Groups in Cartesian Basis
Authors: Gromov N. A. , Kostyakov I. V. , Kuratov V. V.
Published: October 2003

The similarity transformations of quantum orthogonal groups are developed and FRT theory is reformulated to the Cartesian basis. The quantum orthogonal Cayley-Klein groups are introduced as the algebra functions over an associative algebra with the nilpotent generators. The quantum orthogonal Cayley-Klein algebras are obtained as the dual objects to the corresponding quantum groups.
Successive Refinements of Gradings and Graded Contractions of sl(3,C)
Authors: Winternitz P.
Published: October 2003

All toroidal gradings of sl (3,C) are presented and used to obtain graded contractions of this Lie algebra. There exist 34 classes of Lie algebra obtained by the contractions. Most of them are obtained using the coarsest (an hence simplest) gradings (Z2, Z3 and Z4 ones).
Contraction of Representations of 1+1 Kinematical Groups and Quantization
Authors: Arratia Oscar , del Olmo Mariano A.
Published: October 2003

We study the contraction from the Poincaré to the Galilei group in (1+1) dimensions. We apply these results to quantize, in the sense of Moyal, galilean and relativistic elementary systems using the method of the Stratonovich–Weyl Correspondence.
Complex Structures in Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Dick Rainer
Published: October 2003

We point out that Ward identities imply a notion of reproducing kernel in the set of classical solutions of any quantum field theory, and discuss an application of low-dimensional complex structures in four-dimensional gauge theory.
Integrable Model of Interacting Fermions Confined by the Morse Potential
Authors: Inozemtsev V. I.
Published: October 2003

The integrals of motion are constructed for the Sutherland hyperbolic quantum systems of particles with internal degrees of freedom (su(n) spins) interacting with an external field with the Morse potential of an arbitrary strength τ2. These systems are confined if some constraint is imposed on τ, the strength λ of the pairwise interaction and the number of particles. The ground state is described by the wave function of the Jastrow form.
Paragrassmann Integral, Discrete Systems and Quantum Groups
Authors: Isaev A. P.
Published: October 2003

This report is based on paper.1 Some aspects of differential and integral calculi on generalized grassmann (paragrassmann) algebras are considered. The integration over paragrassmann variables is applied to evaluate the partition function for the Zp+1 Potts model on a chain. Finite dimensional paragrassmann representations for GLq(2) are constructed.
Superintegrability in Classical Mechanics: A Contemporary Approach to Bertrand's Theorem
Authors: Salas-Brito A. L. , Núñez-Yépez H. N. , Martínez-Y-Romero R. P.
Published: October 2003

Superintegrable Hamiltonians in three degrees of freedom posses more than three functionally independent globally defined and single-valued constants of motion. In this contribution and under the assumption of the existence of only periodic and plane bounded orbits in a classical system we are able to establish the superintegrability of the Hamiltonian. Then, using basic algebraic ideas, we obtain a contemporary proof of Bertrand's theorem. That is, we are able to show that the harmonic oscillator and the Newtonian gravitational potentials are the only 3D potentials whose bounded orbits are all plane and periodic.
On the Completeness of the System of Normalized Eigenfunctions of a Nonlinear Schrödinger-Type Operator on a Segment
Authors: Zhidkov P. E.
Published: October 2003

In this note, a recent rigorous author's result on the completeness in the space L2 of the system of eigenfunctions of a nonlinear Schrödinger-type operator is established (without proof).
The Effective Action for Local Composite Operators Φ2(x) and Φ4(x)
Authors: Okopińska Anna
Published: October 2003

The generating functionals for the local composite operators, Φ2(x) and Φ4(x), are used to study excitations in the scalar quantum field theory with λ Φ4 interaction. The effective action for the composite operators is obtained as a series in the Planck constant ℏ, and the two- and four-particle propagators are derived. The numerical results are studied in the space–time of one dimension, when the theory is equivalent to the quantum mechanics of an anharmonic oscillator. The effective potential and the poles of the composite propagators are obtained as series in ℏ, with an effective mass and an effective coupling determined by nonperturbative gap equations. This provides a systematic approximation method for the ground state energy, and for the second and fourth excitations. The results show quick convergence to the exact values, better than that obtained without including the operator Φ4(x).
Distance Measurement and Wave Dispersion in a Liouville-String Approach to Quantum Gravity
Authors: Amelino-Camelia G. , Ellis John , Mavromatos N. E. , Nanopoulos D. V.
Published: October 2003

Within a Liouville approach to noncritical string theory, we discuss space–time foam effects on the propagation of low-energy particles. We find an induced frequency-dependent dispersion in the propagation of a wave packet, and observe that this would affect the outcome of measurements involving low-energy particles as probes. In particular, the maximum possible order of magnitude of the space–time foam effects would give rise to an error in the measurement of distance comparable to that independently obtained in some recent heuristic quantum-gravity analyses. We also briefly compare these error estimates with the precision of astrophysical measurements.
Rb, Rc and New Physics: An Updated Model Independent Analysis
Authors: Bamert P.
Published: October 2003

We analyze LEP and SLC data from the 1995 Summer Conferences as well as from low energy neutral current experiments for signals of new physics. The reasons for doing this are twofold: first to explain the deviations from the Standard Model observed in Rb and Rc and second to constrain nonstandard contributions to couplings of the Z0 boson to all fermions and to the oblique parameters. We do so by comparing the data with the Standard Model as well as with a number of test hypotheses concerning the nature of the new physics. These include nonstandard [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-couplings as well as the couplings of the Z0 to fermions of the entire first, second and third generations and universal corrections to all up- and down-type quark couplings (as can arise see for example in Z' mixing models). We find that nonstandard [Formula: see text] couplings are both necessary and sufficient to explain the data and in particular the Rb anomaly. It is not possible to explain Rb, Rc and a value of the strong coupling constant consistent with low energy determinations invoking only nonstandard [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-couplings. To do so one has to have also new physics contributions to the [Formula: see text] or universal corrections to all [Formula: see text] couplings.
Accelerator, Reactor and Atmospheric Neutrino Data: A Three-Flavor Oscillation Analysis
Authors: Goswami Srubabati , Raychaudhuri Amitava , Kar Kamales
Published: October 2003

We perform a three-flavor oscillation analysis of accelerator, reactor and atmospheric neutrino results. Motivated by the experimental data, the mass squared differences are chosen to be Δ12 = Δ13 in the range 0.5–10 eV2 and Δ23 = 10-2 eV2. In such a scenario, the oscillation probabilities for the accelerator and reactor neutrinos involve only two of the mixing angles and one mass scale. But the atmospheric neutrino oscillation is governed by both mass scales and all the three mixing angles. The greater latitude allowed by the scheme leads to some new and interesting solution regions for atmospheric neutrinos in addition to the two-flavor limits usually discussed. However, incorporating the constraints from the previous accelerator searches for neutrino oscillations, a very narrow range of allowed mixing angles survives. This zone is beyond the reach of the on-going accelerator experiments CHORUS and NOMAD with their projected sensitivity.
Wave Packet in Quantum Cosmology and Definition of Semiclassical Time
Authors: Ohkuwa Y. , Kitazoe T.
Published: October 2003

We consider a quantum cosmology with a massless background scalar field ϕB and adopt a wave packet as the wave function. This wave packet is a superposition of the WKB form wave functions, each of which has a definite momentum of the scalar field ϕB. In this model it is shown that to trace the formalism of the WKB time is seriously difficult without introducing a complex value for a time. We define a semiclassical real time variable TP from the phase of the wave packet and calculate it explicitly. We find that, when a quantum matter field ϕQ is coupled to the system, an approximate Schrödinger equation for ϕQ holds with respect to TP in a region where the size a of the universe is large and |ϕB| is small.
Higher Order Perturbation Corrections of Rotating Excited States in the Standard SU(3) Skyrme Model to Baryon Mass Spectrum
Authors: Li Jin-Ping , Yan Mu-Lin , Yu Rong-Hua
Published: October 2003

The higher order corrections of SU(3) rotating excited states to the Gell-Mann–Okubo Relations (or GOR) are presented in the standard SU(3) Skyrme model. The Improved GOR (or IGOR) are obtained. The results show the IGOR for decuplet up to the third order and for octet up to the second order are much compatible with the experimental data. But things become quite inadequate for the octet to the third order. In order to overcome the inadequacy, a heuristic discussion is presented. The properties of SU(3) rotating excited states 27-let (with spin [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]), 10*-let (with spin [Formula: see text]) and 35-let (with spin [Formula: see text]) are also discussed.
New Stochastic Approach to the Renormalization of the Supersymmetric ϕ4 with Ultrametric
Authors: Rodríguez-Romo Suemi
Published: October 2003

We present a new real space renormalization-group map, on the space of probabilities, to study the renormalization of the SUSY ϕ4. In our approach we use the random walk representation on a lattice labeled by an ultrametric space. Our method can be extended to any ϕn. New stochastic meaning is given to the parameters involved in the flow of the map and results are provided.
More on Softly Broken N = 2 QCD
Authors: Álvarez-Gaumé Luis , Mariño Marcos
Published: October 2003

We extend previous work on the soft breaking of N = 2 supersymmetric QCD. We present the formalism for the breaking due to a dilaton spurion for a general gauge group and obtain the exact effective potential. We obtain some general features of the vacuum structure in the pure SU (N) Yang–Mills theory and we also derive a general mass formula for this class of theories, in particular we present explicit results for the mass spectrum in the SU(2) case. Finally we analyze the vacuum structure of the SU(2) theory with one massless hypermultiplet. This theory presents dyon condensation and a first order phase transition in the supersymmetry breaking parameter driven by nonmutually local BPS states. This could be a hint of Argyres–Douglas-like phases in nonsupersymmetric gauge theories.
The Condensate for SU(2) Gauge Theory in 1 + 1 Dimensions Coupled to Massless Adjoint Fermions
Authors: Pinsky Stephen S. , Mohr Richard
Published: October 2003

We consider SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in 1+1 dimensions coupled to massless adjoint fermions. With all fields in the adjoint represention the gauge group is actually SU(2)/Z2, which possesses nontrivial topology. In particular, there are two distinct topological sectors and the physical vacuum state has a structure analogous to a θ vacuum. We show how this feature is realized in light-front quantization, using discretization of x- as an infrared regulator. We find exact expressions for the vacuum states and construct the analog of the θ vacuum. We calculate the bilinear condensate of the model. We argue that this condensate does not effect the spectrum of the massless theory but gives the string tenson of the massive theory.
Some Lessons from the Schwinger Model
Authors: McCartor Gary
Published: October 2003

I shall recall a number of solutions to the Schwinger model in different gauges, having different boundary conditions and using different quantization surfaces. I shall discuss various properties of these solutions emphasizing the degrees of freedom necessary to represent the solution, the way the operator products are defined and the effects these features have on the chiral condensate.
The Extended Conformal Theory of Luttinger Systems
Authors: Frau Marialuisa , Sciuto Stefano , Lerda Alberto , Zemba Guillermo R.
Published: October 2003

We described the recently introduced method of algebraic bosonization of the (1 + 1)-dimensional Luttinger systems by discussing in detail the specific case of the Calogero–Sutherland model, and mentioning the treatment of the hard-core Bose gas. We also compare our findings with the exact Bethe Ansatz results.
Can We Have Supersymmetry with Undetected Superpartners? Lessons from 2+1 Dimensions
Authors: Ardalan F. , Kim S. , Mansouri F.
Published: October 2003

We show that the exact solution of the two-superbody problem in N = 2 Chern Simons supergravity in 2+1 dimensions leads to a supermultiplet of space-time. This space-time supermultiplet can be described in terms of an "operator line element" which acts on the Hilbert space of Poincaré states which make up the equivalent one-superbody source. For large distance physics, the corresponding geometry may be viewed as that of a spinning cone with an additional finite discrete dimension. One of the interesting features of this universe is that superpartners of a given particle lie in different components of this supersymmetric space-time. Therefore, to have any hope of detecting the superpartners of known particles, supersymmetry must remain exact.
Compact Gauge Theories of Open p-Branes
Authors: Diamantini M. C.
Published: October 2003

We study phase transitions induced by topological defects in compact Abelian gauge theories of openp-branes in (d+1) space-time dimensions. Starting from a massive antisymmetric tensor theory for the open p-branes we show how the condensation of topological defects can lead to a decoupled phase with a massless tensor coupled to closed (p - 1)-branes and a massive tensor coupled to open (p + 1)-branes. We also consider the case, relevant in string theory, in which the boundaries of the p-branes are constrained to live on a Dirichlet n-brane.
A General Treatment of Oblique Parameters
Authors: Kundu Anirban , Roy Probir
Published: October 2003

A re-examination is made of one-loop oblique electroweak corrections. General definitions are given of the oblique parameters without reference to any q2 expansion scheme. The old oblique parameters S, T and U are defined as differences of gauge boson vacuum polarization Π functions and suffice for describing certain observable ratios on the Z peak and the ρ parameter at q2 = 0. Regarding the new oblique parameters V, W and X, the first two are defined in terms of differences of Π functions as well as the wave function renormalization of the corresponding weak boson, and the third in terms of the difference of differences of two Π functions for γ - Z mixing. Explicit expressions for measurable quantities involving all six oblique parameters are given and experimental bounds are obtained on the latter, some for the first time. A review of these constraints suggests that the linear approximation of Peskin and Takeuchi is robust.
Nonperturbative Quantum Theories and Integrable Equations
Authors: Marshakov A.
Published: October 2003

I review the appearance of classical integrable systems as an effective tool for the description of nonperturbative exact results in quantum string and gauge theories. Various aspects of this relation: spectral curves, action-angle variables, Whitham deformations and associativity equations are considered separately demonstrating hidden parallels between topological 2d string theories and naively nontopological 4d theories. The proofs are supplemented by explicit illustrative examples.
Sea Contributions to Spin 1/2 Baryon Structure, Magnetic Moments, and Spin Distribution
Authors: Gupta V. , Huerta R. , Sánchez-Colón G.
Published: October 2003

We treat the baryon as a composite system made out of a "core" of three quarks (as in the standard quark model) surrounded by a "sea" (of gluons and [Formula: see text]-pairs) which is specified by its total quantum numbers like flavor, spin and color. Specifically, we assume the sea to be a flavor octet with spin 0 or 1 but no color. The general wave function for spin 1/2 baryons with such a sea component is given. Application to the magnetic moments is considered. Numerical analysis shows that a scalar (spin 0) sea with an admixture of a vector (spin 1) sea can provide very good fits to the magnetic moment data using experimental errors. These fit also give reasonable values for the spin distributions of the proton and neutron.
Model of Statistically Coupled Chiral Fields on the Circle
Authors: Isakov Serguei B. , Viefers Susanne
Published: October 2003

Starting from a field theoretical description of multicomponent anyons with mutual statistical interactions in the lowest Landau level, we construct a model of interacting chiral fields on the circle, with the energy spectrum characterized by a symmetric matrix gαβ with nonnegative entries. Being represented in a free form, the model provides a field theoretical realization of (ideal) fractional exclusion statistics for particles with linear dispersion, with gαβ as a statistics matrix. We derive the bosonized form of the model and discuss the relation to the effective low-energy description of the edge excitations for Abelian fractional quantum Hall states in multilayer systems.
Chemotherapeutic Treatments with Time Increasing Mutation Rate to Drug Resistance
Authors: Boldrini José L. , Costa Michel I. S.
Published: October 2003

A system of differential equations for the control of tumor growth cells in a cycle nonspecific chemotherapy is analyzed. Spontaneously acquired drug resistance is taken into account by means of a mutation rate increasingly dependent on time. For general tumor growth and drug kill rates the optimal treatment consists of maximum allowable drug concentration throughout, supporting the conjecture that variable mutation rate to drug resistance does not basically alter the corresponding results of constant mutation rate.
The Algebraic Relational Theory Suggesting how to Deviate a Cancer Process
Authors: Leguizamón Carlos A. , Zaretzky Alba N.
Published: October 2003

It is shown how the biological reality correlates with an algebraic modification from a pseudo-Boolean structure for watering processes in normal cells up to a non-modular structure assigned to water interactions in malignant cells. A set of mathematical propositions suggests how to deviate this type of cancer process to new structures mainly maintaining those water structures resulting from the cooperativity between water molecules generated by a surface. A set of disquisitions is made: about the meaning of the change of algebra; on the dual Heyting arrow operations acting for the algebraic triggering of the cancer process; on the loss of energy in the cancer process and about the enhanced value of energy as becoming from the new structures to deviate cancer.
Time Scales in Density Dependent Discrete Models
Authors: de La Parra Rafael Bravo , Sánchez Eva , Auger Pierre
Published: October 2003

The aim of this work is to extend approximate aggregation methods for multi-time scale systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations to time discrete models. Approximate aggregation consist on describing the dynamics of a general system involving many coupled variables by means of the dynamics of a reduced system with a few global variables. We present discrete time models with two different time scales, the fast one considered linear and the slow one generally nonlinear. We transform the system to make the global variables appear, and use a version of center manifold theory to build up the aggregated system. Simple forms of the aggregated system are enough for the local study of the asymptotic behaviour of the general system provided that it has certain stability under perturbations. The general method is applied to aggregate a multiregional density dependent Leslie model into a density dependent Leslie model in which the demographic rates are expressed in terms of the equilibrium proportions of individuals in the different patches.
A Stochastic Model for Cell Repair Based on Enzyme Kinetics
Authors: Rangan A. , Arunachalam V.
Published: October 2003

A new stochastic model for the repair of radiation-induced cell damage based on enzyme kinetics is proposed. The model not only accounts for the depletion of enzyme level with successive repairs but also takes into account the synthesis of new enzymes in response to repairs. The cell survival probability is explicitly calculated, using which comparisons with related models are made.
A Cellular Automata Model for Exploring the Relation Between Sexual Behaviour and Fertility in Ticks
Authors: Kiszewski A. E. , Awerbuch T. , Sandberg S. , Spielman A.
Published: October 2003

A model was developed based on the biological observation that in some species the males remove from females the sperm of previous males, and continue to mate even after their sperm are depleted. We evaluated the potential of this behavior as a hypothetical regulatory mechanism in tick populations, using a cellular automata-based stochastic simulation. We determined the effect of varying population density on tick fertility. The larger trends of this simulation were then validated with a deterministic model based on difference equations. Both approaches demonstrated density-dependent regulation of fertility, suggesting that male mating behavior could play a role in regulating population growth.
3D Analysis and Reconstruction of the Chitin Secreting Gland of Riftia pachyptila
Authors: Boudier Thomas , Gaill Françoise , Strauss Anne
Published: October 2003

This paper contributes to the morphological study of the chitin secreting glands from the vestimentiferan Riftia pachyptila. These glands are made of an epithelium surrounding a central lumen. The architecture of this epithelium and of the sublumina cells being not yet understood, the approach chosen had been to figure their morphology and their 3D aspect by analysing photographs of serial thin sections of a gland. According to observations made, sublumina are classified into two types, inner or connected ones. Inner ones are roughly ellipsoidal, in the middle or near the apical face or the cell. Connected ones show more complex shapes. Algorithms have been implemented to reconstruct a 3D image of a gland from photographs. A 3D computational model is defined to reconstruct the gland sublumina surface.
On a Model Representing Stage-Structured Population Growth with State-Dependent Time Delay
Authors: Fathallah Ashraf , Arino Ovide
Published: October 2003

A new model for the growth of a single-species with a two-stage structure is developed employing a state-dependent age of maturity. The paper discusses some remarks in a previous model where the time to maturity is state dependent. Then, we present a new model which is mainly based on making the maturation period of juveniles depend on the total population size not at the present time t but at an earlier time stage, namely, the time when they were born.

The paper considers both biological and mathematical aspects. Emphasis is given to the basic theory of the solutions, such as local and global properties of existence, uniqueness, positivity and boundedness.
Investigation and Optimization of a Spare Wheel Well to Reduce Vehicle Interior Noise
Authors: Marburg Steffen , Hardtke Hans-Jürgen
Published: October 2003

Optimization of structures with the intention to reduce noise emission has become an efficient tool during the past decade. Various approaches and applications have been published and will be briefly reviewed in this paper. Then, the structural component model of a spare wheel well and the fluid model of a sedan cabin are described. The noise transfer function is defined as the sound pressure level in vicinity of the driver's ear due to a harmonic force excitation at engine supports. The frequency range of 0–100 Hz is considered. In a first investigation, it is tested whether stiffening of the entire structural component really decreases the noise transfer function. It can be seen that this stiffening mainly affects noise emission in the upper frequency range. In a contribution analysis, i.e. analysis of the surface contribution to the noise at the driver's ear, the original model and the stiffened model are compared. This contribution analysis includes frequency ranges by summation of contribution and/or contribution levels. Modification of the structure by design variables consists of modification of the shell geometry, i.e. curvature. Two regions are selected at the bottom of the wheel well. Optimization of 30 design variables leads to a gain of 1.15 dB in the objective function being the root mean square value of the sound pressure level at the driver's ear. Finally, we discuss the results. In most papers on structural acoustic optimization, higher decreases have been reported. An explanation is provided, why this was not possible for the structure that has been investigated here. The new shape, however, seems to be a reasonable choice.
Single-Fiber Two-Photon Fluoroprobe for Biological Markers
Authors: Obeidat Amjad T. , Kaplan Alexander E. , Khurgin Jacob B. , Stern Michael
Published: October 2003

We demonstrate the feasibility of using a single optical fiber to simultaneously excite and collect two-photon-induced fluorescence in fluorophores. We show that single-mode fibers are more efficient as a source and detector than available multimode fibers.
Combined Spectral Effects of Pulse Walk-Off and Degenerate Cross-Phase Modulation in Birefringent Fibers
Authors: Sylvestre T. , Maillotte H. , Lantz E. , Gindre D.
Published: October 2003

When a single ultrashort light pulse propagates through a birefringent optical fiber, degenerate cross-phase modulation occurs between the two orthogonal linearly polarized components of the pulse. The combined effects of pulse walk-off and degenerate-cross-phase modulation are characterized theoretically and experimentally. They cause asymmetry and decrease of the induced spectral broadening in comparison with pure self-phase modulation.
Peculiarities of Photorefractive Response in Planar Waveguides Fabricated by Combined Proton and Copper Exchange
Authors: Kostritskii Sergey
Published: October 2003

In this work a photorefractive effect in proton-exchanged planar waveguides on LiNbO 3 crystals is discussed. These waveguides are doped by copper with the aid of a new technique using the low-temperature ionic exchange. The experimental investigation has revealed the anomalous character of the photorefractive response in strongly doped waveguides. Photorefractive measurements are made over a wide range of H +, Cu + and Cu 2+ concentrations, altered by a seriesof oxidation treatments caused by back ionic exchange. Fabrication parameters allowing the realization of high photorefractive sensitivity either in visible or near infra-red ranges are identified.
Phenomenological Contributions on Schizophrenia: A Critical Review and Commentary on the Literature between 1980-2000
Authors: Rulf Sybille
Published: October 2003

After a brief perusal of the various meanings of phenomenology in psychopathology, the contributions to schizophrenia of phenomenological psychology (psychiatry) in the European sense are reviewed. The last twenty years are deemed fruitful and productive. Following the central themes and motives of this literature allows us to come to a different and perhaps wider understanding of schizophrenia than that proposed currently by mainstream psychiatry. These diverse investigations converge in seeing as the core of schizophrenia the disorders related to inter-subjectivity and ipseity (mineness), in turn related to what Bleuler had once called Autism. Finally, a critical discussion of the limitations and the strengths of the phenomenological approach is offered.
Freud's Case of the Rat Man Revisited: An Existential-Phenomenological and Socio-Historical Analysis
Authors: Wertz Frederick
Published: October 2003

After reviewing Freud's 1909 case of the Rat Man, the form of the patient's psychological life is analyzed from existential-phenomenological and socio-historical perspectives.The predominant structure of the analysand's individual life is characterized by the image of an incarcerated criminal. Its constituents include power expropriation, devaluation of self, and epistemic disavowal and oblivion that are subject to intermittent overthrow by lightening strikes of disruptively revolting and irresponsible arrogance. This individual existential structure is traced to the collective structure of the panoptical institutions of modern society delineated by Foucault. An examination of anomalous data in Freud's case study, especially in his evening process notes, suggests a different though tentative and faint form of existence that is more proximally the patient's own, one based on authentic care in the sense of Heidegger. Freud's psychoanalytic treatment ingeniously extends and implements the panoptical social order. However, key modifications of modern discipline embodied in psychoanalysis undermine dehumanization and liberate the patient's subjectivity for a life of responsible action. Freud's interpersonal presence in this case shows such humanizing virtues as openness, respect, strength, mercy, trustworthiness, encouragement, and maternal acceptance at the heart of the therapeutic relationship.