bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
′Education is our daily bread′: Church polyphony, educational processes and the Serbian national identity between 1830 and 1914
Authors: Perkovic-Radak Ivana
Published: November 2009

Choral church music had different functions in Serbian society of the 19th century. It was a part of many processes or even initiated them itself broadly affecting the sphere of culture. One of its purposes had strong educational and national implications. In this paper I do not study these as musical and historical elements emphasizing existent social tendencies, but rather as processes that generated certain components through church music (both in the educational sense and in the sphere of broader social structures). The early beginnings of church polyphony among Serbs were marked by choirs comprising older members and pupils. For example, members of the Serbian parish in Pest, who started working together in 1835 and sang the complete Divine Liturgy for the first time in 1838, were both pupils and students. In 1841 and 1842 students of Alexandar Morfidis-Nisis in Novi Sad sang in church, while in the same school year Belgrade high school first introduced choral singing. The comparison of the development of educational systems in states inhabited by Serbs in the 19th century is used as the basis for seeing historical and cultural positioning as one role of choral church music. Certain elements of the national program, such as progress comprehension of the nation as a community of individuals, distention of the individual, or the process of socialization were shared by church polyphonic singing. These elements are studied in the context of the development of European and Serbian educational systems, mostly from a historical perspective.
′Czech-Slovene′ musicians?: On the question of national identity in Slovene music at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century
Authors: Vajs Jernej
Published: November 2009

In this article, the author observes and discusses the questions of national identity in the context of Czech and Slovenian music at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century. The Italian and German influences dominating Slovenian music in the past began from the mid 19th century onward to be replaced by predominantly Czech elements as the consequence of the numerous Czech musical immigration in Slovenia. Many of Czech musicians were naturalized in Slovenia and can therefore be included among Slovenian musicians. Although they actively supported the building of a Slovenian national style, they did not feel the need for the repeated ?esthetic evaluation of traditional frames.
Von der synoptischen zur analytischen neumatischen Notation: Am Beispiel des Sticherons von Germanos Neon Patron
Authors: Peno Vesna
Published: November 2009

(nemacki) Die Abwesenheit eines einheitlichen Schlussels in der Dechiffrage der sogenannten 'alten' neumatischen Intonation (vor der letzten Reform anfangs des neunzehnten Jarhunderts) ist in erster Linie durch ihre Natur selbst bedingt. Die immanenten Eigenschaften der neumatischen Schrift sind in der Arbeet durch einen Verglich der stenographischen Schriften der ausgewahlten Sticherons Germanos Neon Patrons (Handschrift EBE 975, 18. Jahrhundert), der 'analitischen' Transcription derselben verfasst, durch CHOURMOUSIOS CHARTOPH YLAX (Handscrhrift EBE M?T 747-750) und der Interpretation der zeitgenossischen Kirchensanger, die die Chourmousios melismatische Schrift zusatzlich melodisch verziert haben, dargestellt.
Voices of earthmen (1995) by Vladan Radovanovic: A review
Authors: Masnikosa Marija
Published: November 2009

This paper discusses the compositional technique and the poetic level of the composition Glasovi Zemljana (Voices of Earthmen) composed by Vladan Radovanovic in 1995. The work is based on the composer?s own musical principle, which he called hyperpoliphony, established in his early work Polyphony No. 9, and applied in his entire musical opus to date. The composition contains three movements, although the disposition of each section implies integration at a higher level of its structure, enabling us to interpret this work as an organic, textually unified three-part whole. Even though so-called hyperpolyphony creates and pervades the whole composition, this music is not the outcome of some rigid system. It breathes and it has its own ?warm? and even ?confessing? sections, especially in the unexpected instrumental and vocal ?solo-episodes?. Although this work was composed in an age of musical postmodernism, and shows a very strong imprint of musical expressionism, its atonality and very specific modernist musical technique define it as a modernist work, which places it in the huge trajectory of musical modernism of the second half of the twentieth century.
Transition of Greek art song from the national school to modernism
Authors: Kontossi Sofia
Published: November 2009

This study presents the different ways in which two Greek composers, Leonidas Zoras and Jani Christou, viewed modernism. The songs of Zoras are typical example of the gradual withdrawal from the aesthetic framework of the National School which dominated during the first decades of the twentieth century. In contrast, Jani Christou, who spent his childhood in Alexandria and received an exclusively Western-type education, remained untouched by Greek traditional music or the Greek National School. His work was moulded by the ancient Greek philosophical belief in the elation of the listener through the transcendental power of Art. By his Six T. S. Eliot Songs Christou offered some of the best examples of twentieth-century expressionistic vocal music.
Xenakis et le passage vers l'universel
Authors: Paparigopulos Kostas
Published: November 2009

(fra) La recherche de l'identit? culturelle, notamment aux pays qui sont menac?s ou se sentent menac?s par une culture dominante, peut conduire, bien des fois, au nationalisme et l'isolement. Elle peut aussi, peut?tre plus rarement, conduire ? des chemins inattendus qui ouvrent de nouveaux horizons non seulement au niveau local mais aussi au niveau universel. Le cas de Iannis Xenakis s'ins?re dans la deuxi?me cat?gorie. De 1949 jusqu'aux Metastaseis (1953-54), sa premi?re oeuvre 'officielle', Xenakis ?crit des pi?ces dans lesquelles il essaie de marier le folklore grec avec l'avant-garde europ?enne. En 1955, il ?crit un article consacr? ? ce 'mariage', premier et en m?me temps dernier texte publi? sur ce sujet. D'ores et d?j?, sa musique se d?place du cadre local et s'?tend vers l'universel avec l'ambition d'inclure toutes les musiques du monde. Dans cette communication, nous allons essayer de suivre ce passage et clarifier certains aspects de cette trajectoire.
Lost in scales: Balkan folk music research and the ottoman legacy
Authors: Pennanen Risto
Published: November 2009

Balkan folk music researchers have articulated various views on what they have considered Oriental or Turkish musical legacy. The discourses the article analyses are nationalism, Orientalism, Occidentalism and Balkanism. Scholars have handled the awkward Ottoman issue in several manners: They have represented 'Oriental' musical characteristics as domestic, claimed that Ottoman Turks merely imitated Arab and Persian culture, and viewed Indian classical raga scales as sources for Oriental scales in the Balkans. In addition, some scholars have viewed the 'Oriental' characteristics as stemming from ancient Greece. The treatment of the Seg?h family of Ottoman makams in theories and analyses reveals several features of folk music research in the Balkans, the most important of which are the use of Western concepts and the exclusive dependence on printed sources. The strategies for handling the Orient within have meandered between Occidentalism and Orientalism, creating an ambiguity which is called Balkanism.
La conception en tant que transmission: L'antiquité grecque selon Albert Roussel
Authors: Georges Vlastos
Published: November 2009

(fra)L'antiquit? grecque occupe dans la production musicale fran?aise du d?but du XXe si?cle une place importante. Le recours aux sujets grecs - qui se manifeste d?j? depuis la seconde moiti? du XIXe si?cle - constitue un ph?nom?ne complexe, impliquant plusieurs ?l?ments li?s au contexte historique, social et culturel de l'?poque. Dans ce contexte, le cas d'Albert Roussel pr?sente un grand int?r?t, ?tant une figure transitoire dans l'histoire de la musique fran?aise, ayant lui-m?me eu plusieurs fois recours aux sujets grecs. Examinant les traits principaux de la conception de l'antiquit? grecque par Roussel, nous insisterons, d'une part, sur sa vision personnelle du monde antique, par le biais de son ?ducation humaniste, ses voyages, etc., ainsi qu'? ses id?es esth?tiques sur l'art, et de l'autre part, sur les reflets de sa conception dans les oeuvres telles que Joueurs de fl?te, Odes anacr?ontiques, Bacchus et Ariane et La naissance de la Lyre.
Musical and film time
Authors: Kulezic-Wilson Danijela
Published: November 2009

Comparative analysis of linear, non-linear and multiple temporal dimensions in music and film reveals that the understanding and utilisation of time in these two arts reflect not only the aesthetic inclinations of its creators and their subjective experiences of temporality but also their philosophical views and, sometimes, spiritual beliefs. Viewed in the context of contemporary theories about Time, particularly Shallis' interpretation of different temporalities as symbolic of various levels of reality and J. T. Fraser's concept of time as a hierarchical nest of different temporalities or Umwelts, the results of this comparison lead to the conclusion that the time in which music and film unfold belongs to a separate, artificial Umwelt of its own - art-temporality.
Projecting the Future Diabetes Population Size and Related Costs for the U.S.
Authors: Huang Elbert S. , Basu Anirban , O'Grady Michael , Capretta James C.
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE

We developed a novel population-level model for projecting future direct spending on diabetes. The model can be used in the federal budget process to estimate the cost implications of alternative policies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We constructed a Markov model simulating individuals' movement across different BMI categories, the incidence of diabetes and screening, and the natural history of diabetes and its complications over the next 25 years. Prevalence and incidence of obesity and diabetes and the direct spending on diabetes care and complications are projected. The study population is 24- to 85-year-old patients characterized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and National Health Interview Survey.

RESULTS

Between 2009 and 2034, the number of people with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes will increase from 23.7 million to 44.1 million. The obesity distribution in the population without diabetes will remain stable over time with ∼65% of individuals of the population being overweight or obese. During the same period, annual diabetes-related spending is expected to increase from $113 billion to $336 billion (2007 dollars). For the Medicare-eligible population, the diabetes population is expected to rise from 8.2 million in 2009 to 14.6 million in 2034; associated spending is estimated to rise from $45 billion to $171 billion.

CONCLUSIONS

The diabetes population and the related costs are expected to at least double in the next 25 years. Without significant changes in public or private strategies, this population and cost growth are expected to add a significant strain to an overburdened health care system.
De-intercalation of ethidium bromide and propidium iodine from DNA in the presence of caffeine
Authors: Piosik Jacek , Wasielewski Kacper , Woziwodzka Anna , Śledź Wojciech , Gwizdek-Wiśniewska Anna
Published: November 2009

Caffeine (CAF) is capable of interacting directly with several genotoxic aromatic ligands by stacking aggregation. Formation of such hetero-complexes may diminish pharmacological activity of these ligands, which is often related to its direct interaction with DNA. To check these interactions we performed three independent series of spectroscopic titrations for each ligand (ethidium bromide, EB, and propidium iodine, PI) according to the following setup: DNA with ligand, ligand with CAF and DNA-ligand mixture with CAF. We analyzed DNA-ligand and ligand-CAF mixtures numerically using well known models: McGhee-von Hippel model for ligand-DNA interactions and thermodynamic-statistical model of mixed association of caffeine with aromatic ligands developed by Zdunek et al. (2000). Based on these models we calculated association constants and concentrations of mixture components using a novel method developed here. Results are in good agreement with parameters calculated in separate experiments and demonstrate de-intercalation of EB and PI molecules from DNA caused by CAF.
A complex case of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 with Metastatic Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kalavalapalli Shyam , Talapatra Indrajit , Connell Ian
Published: November 2009

We describe below a patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN type 1) who presented with features of Primary Hyperparathyroidism. However, the actual diagnosis of Parathyroid Carcinoma was delayed until metastases to the lung were discovered. She was also found to have Pituitary Macro adenoma with Silent Acromegaly, with no clinical features whatsoever. She underwent transphenoidal hypophysectomy with postoperative radiotherapy. However, the disease process remained biochemically active necessitating commencement of somatostatin analogues. There is also a tumour at the head of the pancreas which at present is non functional with normal gut hormone profile and normal 24 hour urinary 5-hydroxyl indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) excretion assay. Our case highlights the pitfalls in diagnosing the parathyroid carcinoma due to lack of initial proper histological features. The diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma was based on histologically confirmed metastases to the lungs. We also discuss below the entity called Silent Acromegaly where patients have biochemically and/or histologically confirmed growth Hormone (GH) excess with no clinical features suggesting Acromegaly. We discuss the benefits of somatostatin analogues in indirectly controlling the rest of the tumours in MEN1 and hypothesise the same for metastatic parathyroid carcinoma. Metastatic parathyroid carcinoma with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is extremely rare. Our case highlights the complexities of managing MEN1 with metastatic parathyroid carcinoma and the dilemmas in dealing with the various aspects of the care.
The Genetic Diversity and Origin of Chinese Game Chicken
Authors: Zhu Wenqi , Li Huifang , Song Weitao , Xu Wenjuan , Shu Jingting , Han Wei , Chen Kuanwei
Published: November 2009

In order to reveal the genetic diversity and origin of Chinese game chicken, a total of 535 base pairs of mitochondrial cyt b gene of five game chicken breeds (40 individuals), including: Henan, Luxi, Tulufan, Xishuangbanna and Zhangzhou, were sequenced using a DNA sequencing method. The results showed that there were six haplotpes found in the five game chicken breeds. The haplotype diversity ranged from 0.42857 to 0.78571, and the nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.00080 to 0.00654. The greatest genetic difference was between the Zhangzhou game and other game chickens. The analysis of the phylogenetic trees for the chickens constructed based on their haplotypes, indicated that the Chinese game chicken may originate from several subspecies of red jungle fowl. In conclusion, the genetic diversity of Chinese game chicken is not rich, and the maternal origin of Chinese game chicken may be from several subspecies of red jungle fowl.
Visual Contact with Humans and Condition in Domesticated Budgerigars
Authors: Price Megan , Lill Alan
Published: November 2009

Regular, non-aversive interaction with humans can reduce domestic and captive animals’ fear of them. This has management implications because it can sometimes beneficially affect the animals’ condition, reproduction and productivity, probably as a result of a reduction in chronic stress. We determined for domesticated budgerigars living in flocks whether regular visual contact with humans for six weeks affected body mass, condition and peripheral blood parameters that are thought to indicate chronic stress levels. Contact comprised 300–360 min of visual exposure weekly to an experimenter pacing slowly in front of the aviary; control flocks had no exposure, except briefly during husbandry. Body mass and condition and the blood parameters were measured at the start (Sampling time 1, ST1) and end (ST2) of the treatment period and again after a further six weeks in which all birds were isolated from humans (ST3). Mass, residual mass (i.e. condition) and blood haemoglobin concentration were greater at ST3 than at ST1 or ST2, the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio increased from 0.35 to 0.67 between ST1 and ST2 and haematocrit decreased from 59 to 54% during the experiment. Improved nutrition and adjustment to the new environment were possible factors influencing these temporal trends. The changes were similar in visually exposed and control birds, so regular visual contact with a human of the specific type and extent imposed had no effect on body mass, condition or the blood parameters. Possible reasons for the lack of an effect are discussed.
A Study on Psychiatric Co-morbidity Among the Patients with Migraine
Authors: Hussain AA Mamun , Mohit MA , Ahad MA , Alim MA
Published: November 2009

A cross-sectional retrospective study was done in the ‘Headache clinic' of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) comprising a sample of eighty patients with migraine. There were 64(80%), female and 16 male (20%). Among them 19(23.75%) had psychiatric disorder as co-morbidity. In accordance with DSM-IV, the commonest psychiatric illness was major depressive disorder (36.84%). The others were panic disorder (21.05%), obsessive compulsive disorders (15.78%) and dysthymic disorder (15.78%). Considering these findings and observation, it so appears that a substantial psychiatric morbidity is prevalent among the sufferers of migraine and it warrants early recognition and proper assessment with the initiation of an integrated treatment modality. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3787 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 108-111
Preliminary Report on Non-adherence to Antihypertensive Treatment in Essential Hypertensive Patients: A Community Based Survey
Authors: Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Hussain S Monira , Boonshuyar Chaweenwon
Published: November 2009

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 hypertensive patients living in urban and rural community in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh to assess the situation regarding antihypertensive drug non- adherence. Patients aged 35 years or above who are taking anti-hypertensive drug for at least 6 months were included in the study. About 87% of patients were found non-adherent to treatment. The non-adherent patients had missed taking medication for anywhere from one day to the whole month. The reasons for not taking the medication included forgetfulness (54.1%), busy schedule (13.9.0%), boredom, travel, reluctance to take, and reluctance to buy the medication. Almost 80% of the people know that hypertension is an incurable disease and the disease has no definite sign and symptom. Knowing all these factors why these people are non-adherent to treatment needs further exploration. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3788 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 112-117
Experience with Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Akhtar Hasina , Nahar Ziban
Published: November 2009

A 12-month study was carried out on 500 patients attending between January 2006 to December 2006 in a private chamber in Rajshahi and outpatient Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Rajshahi Medical College. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of chronic pelvic pain and cause of chronic pelvic pain among the patients attending there. Among the 500 recruited patients 20% had organic cause; the rest 80% had no organic cause. Among the recruited patient, only 20% underwent surgery & improved after surgery. It was also found that another 60% improved with medical treatment, psychotherapy and counseling. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3789 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 118-120
Depressed Skull Fracture: Outcome of Surgical Treatment
Authors: Hossain M Zahed , Mondle MS , Hoque M Monzurul
Published: November 2009

Elevation and repair of an open depressed skull fracture is often thought of as an emergency procedure. Common indications for emergency elevation of a depressed skull fracture have been dural tear, seizure, gross contamination or mass effect from bone or a sizable underlying intracerebral hematoma. Over a 18 months period 93 patients with depressed skull fracture were admitted in the Neurosurgery ward of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) from July 2007 to December 2008 among which 67 patients needed surgical treatment. In 7 patients fracture crossed the midline over the superior sagittal sinus. Pre-operative GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) score ranged from 5-15. Focal neurological deficit were present in 28 cases. Operations done were elevation of depressed fragments, repair of dural tear and hemostasis of sinus injury by gel-foam. No sinus injury required repair. Complete neurological recovery occurred in 21 cases. No death was recorded. One patient developed postoperative meningitis and controlled by parenteral antibiotics. One patient developed major wound infection including osteomyelitis but not intracranial infection. This patient had skin loss which was later closed by rotation flap of scalp operation. Seven patients had minor wound infection. One patient developed pseudomeningocele. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3794 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 140-146
Non-thyroid Neoplastic Neck Swelling Clinical and Histopathological Evaluation
Authors: Biswas P Kumar , Begum SMK Nahar
Published: November 2009

With a view to cast a glance on pattern of non-thyroid neoplastic neck swelling a descriptive study was conducted among 54 cases irrespective of age and sex. It was observed that 85.2% non-thyroid neoplastic masses were malignant and of which 78.3% metastatic, and among them 80.6% were supraclavicular in origin. Among primary malignancy 90% were lymphomas and 37.5% of benign neoplasm were pleomorphic adenoma. Histopathologically 72.2% secondary tumours were squamous cell carcinoma. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3796 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 152-154
Interferon-Based Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C: Present and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ahad M Abdul
Published: November 2009

Pegylated interferon α (peginterferon α) plus ribavirin is the present mainstay of treatment for patients with chronic HCV infection. When peginterferon α plus ribavirin is administered for the standard duration, a sustained virological response is achieved in around 50% of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and around 80% of patients infected with HCV genotype 2 or 3. Data now suggest that treatment duration can be shortened or lengthened depending on baseline viral load and/or early on-treatment viral kinetics, offering the prospect of individualizing therapy further to improve response or to prevent treatment from being unnecessarily extended. Further efforts to optimize therapy are likely to involve the use of new anti-HCV agents, several of which are currently in the early stages of development. These agents include HCV protease inhibitors (particularly those against NS3-4A protease), HCV polymerase inhibitors (including both nucleoside and non-nucleoside analogs) and cyclophilin inhibitors. These compounds will be used, at least initially, in combination with peginterferon α plus ribavirin, extending the pivotal role of interferon-based therapy in the management of chronic hepatitis C. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3804 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 182-193
Puffer Fish Poisoning
Authors: Haque M Azizul , Islam Q Tarikul , Ekram ARM Saifuddin
Published: November 2009

Puffer fish poisoning occurs sporadically throughout the world, especially in the coastal areas. It contains tetrodotoxin which can cause death by muscular paralysis, respiratory depression, and circulatory failure. Early diagnosis and supportive management could ensure a safe and favorable outcome. In this review article, we have tried to explore the pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment of puffer fish poisoning. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3806 TAJ 2008; 20(2): 199-202
Linear-Time Text Compression by Longest-First Substitution
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Inenaga Shunsuke , Bannai Hideo , Funamoto Takashi , Takeda Masayuki , Shinohara Ayumi
Published: November 2009

We consider grammar-based text compression with longest first substitution (LFS), where non-overlapping occurrences of a longest repeating factor of the input text are replaced by a new non-terminal symbol. We present the first linear-time algorithm for LFS. Our algorithm employs a new data structure called sparse lazy suffix trees. We also deal with a more sophisticated version of LFS, called LFS2, that allows better compression. The first linear-time algorithm for LFS2 is also presented.
Strategies for Lowering Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating Temperature
Authors: Tarancón Albert
Published: November 2009

Lowering the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to the intermediate range (500–700 ºC) has become one of the main SOFC research goals. High operating temperatures put numerous requirements on materials selection and on secondary units, limiting the commercial development of SOFCs. The present review first focuses on the main effects of reducing the operating temperature in terms of materials stability, thermo-mechanical mismatch, thermal management and efficiency. After a brief survey of the state-of-the-art materials for SOFCs, attention is focused on emerging oxide-ionic conductors with high conductivity in the intermediate range of temperatures with an introductory section on materials technology for reducing the electrolyte thickness. Finally, recent advances in cathode materials based on layered mixed ionic-electronic conductors are highlighted because the decreasing temperature converts the cathode into the major source of electrical losses for the whole SOFC system. It is concluded that the introduction of alternative materials that would enable solid oxide fuel cells to operate in the intermediate range of temperatures would have a major impact on the commercialization of fuel cell technology.
Mycoflora and Co-Occurrence of Fumonisins and Aflatoxins in Freshly Harvested Corn in Different Regions of Brazil
Authors: Rocha Liliana O. , Nakai Viviane K. , Braghini Raquel , Reis Tatiana A. , Kobashigawa Estela , Corrêa Benedito
Published: November 2009

Natural mycoflora and co-occurrence of fumonisins (FB1, FB2) and aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) in freshly harvested corn grain samples from four regions of Brazil were investigated. Fusarium verticillioides was predominant in all samples. Analysis of fumonisins showed that 98% of the samples were contaminated with FB1 and 74.5% with FB1 + FB2, with toxin levels ranging from 0.015 to 9.67 μg/g for FB1 and from 0.015 to 3.16 μg/g for FB2. Twenty-one (10.5%) samples were contaminated with AFB1, seven (3.5%) with AFB2 and only one (0.5%) with AFG1 and AFG2. Co-contamination with aflatoxins and fumonisins was observed in 7% of the samples. The highest contamination of fumonisins and aflatoxins was observed in Nova Odessa (SP) and Várzea Grande (MT), respectively. The lowest contamination of these mycotoxins was found in Várzea Grande and Nova Odessa, respectively.
Formation Energies of Antiphase Boundaries in GaAs and GaP: An ab Initio Study
Authors: Rubel Oleg , Baranovskii Sergei  D.
Published: November 2009

Electronic and structural properties of antiphase boundaries in group III-V semiconductor compounds have been receiving increased attention due to the potential to integration of optically-active III-V heterostructures on silicon or germanium substrates. The formation energies of {110}, {111}, {112}, and {113} antiphase boundaries in GaAs and GaP were studied theoretically using a full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave density-functional approach. Results of the study reveal that the stoichiometric {110} boundaries are the most energetically favorable in both compounds. The specific formation energy γ of the remaining antiphase boundaries increases in the order of γf113g ≈ γf112g < γf111g, which suggests {113} and {112} as possible planes for faceting and annihilation of antiphase boundaries in GaAs and GaP.
2-[N-(O-ethylaminophenyl) phenyl imidoyl methylylidene]-3,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole
Authors: Ghomsi J. Nathantene , Doumbia M. Lamine , Ahabchane Noureddine Hamou , Essassi El Mokhtar
Published: November 2009

4-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-2-thione are used as starting materials in the synthesis of several heterocyclic compounds for potential biological actvities.[...]
Synthesis, Physical Characterization, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of 2-((E)-1-(2-((E)-1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino) phenylamino) ethyl) phenol
Authors: Jarrahpour A. A. , Jalbout A. F. , Brunel J. M. , Loncle C. , Rezaei S. , Trzaskowski B. Trzaskowski
Published: November 2009

In this paper we report the synthesis of 2-((E)-1-(2-((E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyethylideneamino) phenylamino) ethyl) phenol.In addition to its synthesis we present AM1 and B3LYP/6-31G* calculations to characterize the physical properties of this molecule. Finally, the antifungal and antibacterial activities of this derivative have been evaluated.
Structure-Composition-Property Relationships in Polymeric Amorphous Calcium Phosphate-Based Dental Composites
Authors: O’Donnell Justin N. R. , Schumacher Gary E. , Antonucci Joseph M. , Skrtic Drago
Published: November 2009

Our studies of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-based materials over the last decade have yielded bioactive polymeric composites capable of protecting teeth from demineralization or even regenerating lost tooth mineral. The anti-cariogenic/remineralizing potential of these ACP composites originates from their propensity, when exposed to the oral environment, to release in a sustained manner sufficient levels of mineral-forming calcium and phosphate ions to promote formation of stable apatitic tooth mineral. However, the less than optimal ACP filler/resin matrix cohesion, excessive polymerization shrinkage and water sorption of these experimental materials can adversely affect their physicochemical and mechanical properties, and, ultimately, limit their lifespan. This study demonstrates the effects of chemical structure and composition of the methacrylate monomers used to form the matrix phase of composites on degree of vinyl conversion (DVC) and water sorption of both copolymers and composites and the release of mineral ions from the composites. Modification of ACP surface via introducing cations and/or polymers ab initio during filler synthesis failed to yield mechanically improved composites. However, moderate improvement in composite’s mechanical stability without compromising its remineralization potential was achieved by silanization and/or milling of ACP filler. Using ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate or urethane dimethacrylate as base monomers and adding moderate amounts of hydrophilic 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or its isomer ethyl-α-hydroxymethacrylate appears to be a promising route to maximize the remineralizing ability of the filler while maintaining high DVC. Exploration of the structure/composition/property relationships of ACP fillers and polymer matrices is complex but essential for achieving a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that govern dissolution/re-precipitation of bioactive ACP fillers, and, ultimately, the suitability of the composites for clinical evaluation.
Effects and Interactions of Medium Components on Laccase from a Marine-Derived Fungus Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: D’Souza-Ticlo Donna , Garg Sandeep , Raghukumar Chandralata
Published: November 2009

The effects of various synthetic medium components and their interactions with each other ultimately impact laccase production in fungi. This was studied using a laccasehyper-producing marine-derived basidiomycete, Cerrena unicolor MTCC 5159. Inducible laccases were produced in the idiophase only after addition of an inducer such as CuSO4. Concentration of carbon and nitrogen acted antagonistically with respect to laccase production. A combination of low nitrogen and high carbon concentration favored both biomass and laccase production. The most favorable combination resulted in 917 U L-1 of laccase. After sufficient growth had occurred, addition of a surfactant such as Tween 80 positively impacted biomass and increased the laccase activity to around 1,300 U L-1. Increasing the surface to volume ratio of the culture vessel further increased its activity to almost 2,000 U L-1.
Molecular Iodine-Mediated Cyclization of Tethered Heteroatom-Containing Alkenyl or Alkynyl Systems
Authors: Mphahlele Malose Jack
Published: November 2009

Molecular iodine has established itself as a readily available and easy-to-handle electrophilic and oxidizing reagent used in various organic transformations. In this review attention is focused on the use of molecular iodine in promoting cyclization (iodocyclization and cyclodehydroiodination) of tethered heteroatom-containing alkenyl or alkynyl systems.
Field Performance of Nine Soil Water Content Sensors on a Sandy Loam Soil in New Brunswick, Maritime Region, Canada
Authors: Chow Lien , Xing Zisheng , Rees Herb W. , Meng Fanrui , Monteith John , Stevens Lionel
Published: November 2009

An in situ field test on nine commonly-used soil water sensors was carried out in a sandy loam soil located in the Potato Research Center, Fredericton, NB (Canada) using the gravimetric method as a reference. The results showed that among the tested sensors, regardless of installation depths and soil water regimes, CS615, Trase, and Troxler performed the best with the factory calibrations, with a relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 15.78, 16.93, and 17.65%, and a r2 of 0.75, 0.77, and 0.65, respectively. TRIME, Moisture Point (MP917), and Gopher performed slightly worse with the factory calibrations, with a RRMSE of 45.76, 26.57, and 20.41%, and a r2 of 0.65, 0.72, and 0.78, respectively, while the Gypsum, WaterMark, and Netafim showed a frequent need for calibration in the application in this region.
Use of Biosensors as Alternatives to Current Regulatory Methods for Marine Biotoxins
Authors: Vilariño Natalia , Fonfría Eva S. , Louzao M. Carmen , Botana Luis M.
Published: November 2009

Marine toxins are currently monitored by means of a bioassay that requires the use of many mice, which poses a technical and ethical problem in many countries. With the exception of domoic acid, there is a legal requirement for the presence of other toxins (yessotoxin, saxitoxin and analogs, okadaic acid and analogs, pectenotoxins and azaspiracids) in seafood to be controlled by bioassay, but other toxins, such as palytoxin, cyclic imines, ciguatera and tetrodotoxin are potentially present in European food and there are no legal requirements or technical approaches available to identify their presence. The need for alternative methods to the bioassay is clearly important, and biosensors have become in recent years a feasible alternative to animal sacrifice. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using biosensors as alternatives to animal assays for marine toxins, with particular focus on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology.
Circular High-Q Resonating Isotropic Strain Sensors with Large Shift of Resonance Frequency under Stress
Authors: Melik Rohat , Unal Emre , Kosku Perkgoz Nihan , Puttlitz Christian , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: November 2009

We present circular architecture bioimplant strain sensors that facilitate a strong resonance frequency shift with mechanical deformation. The clinical application area of these sensors is for in vivo assessment of bone fractures. Using a rectangular geometry, we obtain a resonance shift of 330 MHz for a single device and 170 MHz for its triplet configuration (with three side-by-side resonators on chip) under an applied load of 3,920 N. Using the same device parameters with a circular isotropic architecture, we achieve a resonance frequency shift of 500 MHz for the single device and 260 MHz for its triplet configuration, demonstrating substantially increased sensitivity.
Dendritic Cells in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses against Influenza Virus
Authors: Summerfield Artur , McCullough Kenneth  C.
Published: November 2009

Dendritic cells (DC) are major players in both innate and adaptive immune responses against influenza virus. These immune responses, as well as the important interface between the innate and adaptive systems, are orchestrated by specialized subsets of DC, including conventional steady-state DC, migratory DC and plasmacytoid DC. The characteristics and efficacy of the responses are dependent on the relative activity of these DC subsets, rendering DC crucial for the development of both naïve and memory immune responses. However, due to their critical role, DC also contribute to the immunopathological processes observed during acute influenza, such as that caused by the pathogenic H5N1 viruses. Therein, the role of different DC subsets in the induction of interferon type I, proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses is important for the outcome of interaction between the virus and host immune defences. The present review will present current knowledge on this area, relating to the importance of DC activity for the induction of efficacious humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. This will include the main viral elements associated with the triggering or inhibition of DC activation. Finally, the current knowledge on understanding how differences in various vaccines influence the manner of immune defence induction will be presented.
An Innovative Approach to Recruiting Homebound Older Adults
Authors: Crawford Shearer Nelma B. , Fleury Julie D. , Belyea Michael
Published: November 2009

Recruiting older adults to participate in intervention research is essential for advancing the science in this field. Developing a relevant recruitment plan responsive to the unique needs of the population before beginning a project is critical to the success of a research study. This article describes our experiences in the process of recruiting homebound older adults to test a community-based health empowerment intervention. In our study, the trust and partnership that existed between the research team and Community Action Agency facilitated the role of the home-delivered meal drivers as a trusted and untapped resource for study recruitment. Researchers can benefit from thinking creatively and developing meaningful partnerships when conducting research with older adults.
Technology for Long-Term Care
Authors: Tak Sunghee H. , Benefield Lazelle E. , Mahoney Diane Feeney
Published: November 2009

Severe staff shortages in long-term care (LTC) make it difficult to meet the demands of the growing aging population. Further, technology-savvy Baby Boomers are expected to reshape the current institutional environments toward gaining more freedom and control in their care and lives. Voices from business, academia, research, advocacy organizations, and government bodies suggest that innovative technological approaches are the linchpin that may prepare society to cope with these projected demands. In this article, we review the current state of aging-related technology, identify potential areas for efficacy testing on improving the quality of life of LTC residents in future research, and discuss barriers to implementation of LTC technology. Finally, we present a vision of future technology use that could transform current care practices.
Measuring Gerontological Research Intensity in Schools of Nursing
Authors: Maas Meridean L. , Buckwalter Kathleen C. , Conn Vicki S. , Tripp-Reimer Toni
Published: November 2009

Because of the urgent need for more gerontological nursing research, it is critical for more schools of nursing to develop research-intensive environments within which faculty can develop programs of gerontological nursing research. Unfortunately, many schools have limited resources for developing the needed infrastructures and for acquiring the required expertise in gerontology and research. Many also lack the expertise and methods for assessing their current status so they may increase their gerontological nursing research intensity. To help schools assess their status and gaps in the essentials required for a research-intensive environment and gerontological nursing research, an instrument was developed to measure benchmarks of research intensity; it is described in this article. Initial results of pilot testing of the instrument, the revised instrument, and plans for future research are presented. Uses of the instrument for assessing and strengthening a school's research infrastructure and culture and for assisting with the development of faculty programs of gerontological nursing research are also discussed.
Sociodemographic and Health-Related Risks for Loneliness and Outcome Differences by Loneliness Status in a Sample of U.S. Older Adults
Authors: Theeke Laurie A.
Published: November 2009

This study assesses sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with loneliness and outcome differences between loneliness groups using a sample of 13,812 older adults from the U.S Health and Retirement Study. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were followed by logistic regression to evaluate risks and analysis of covariance testing to determine outcome differences. Overall, prevalence of loneliness was 16.9%. Nonmarried status, poorer self-report of health, lower educational level, functional impairment, increasing number of chronic illnesses, younger age, lower income, and less people living in the household were all associated with loneliness. The chronically lonely group reported less exercise, more tobacco use, less alcohol use, a greater number of chronic illnesses, higher depression scores, and greater average number of nursing home stays. Future research evaluating the effectiveness of both prevention and treatment interventions for loneliness in older adults would provide empirical data to further guide gerontological nursing practice.
From Fast to Feast: A ritual- liturgical exploration of reconciliation in South African cultural contexts
Authors: Pieterse Hennie J.C.
Published: November 2009

Cas Wepener is a brilliant and committed young liturgist. This book is based on his doctoral thesis in the Afrikaans language (Stellenbosch University 2004), roughly double the length of this published From Fast to Feast, but this book is a fundamental revision of the thesis. Wepener�s work on reconciliation as practised in the liturgy is still very relevant in our post-apartheid context in South Africa and will be topical for some time to come.
Amino Acid Analysis
Authors: Rutherfurd Shane M. , Gilani G. Sarwar
Published: November 2009

Amino acid analysis is used to determine the amino acid content of amino acid–, peptide‐ and protein‐containing samples. With minor exceptions, proteins are long linear polymers of amino acids connected to each other via peptide bonds. The first step of amino acid analysis involves hydrolyzing these peptide bonds. The liberated amino acids are then separated, detected, and quantified. The method was first developed by Moore, Stein and coworkers in the 1950s using HCl acid hydrolysis, and, despite considerable effort by many workers, the basic methodology remains relatively unchanged. This unit provides an overview and strategic planning for amino acid analysis, discussing a range of methodologies and issues. In addition, several common methods used for analysis of L‐amino acids are described in detail, including: HCl acid hydrolysis, performic acid oxidation for methionine and cysteine analysis, base hydrolysis for tryptophan analysis, analysis of free amino acids, and analysis of reactive lysine. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 58:11.9.1‐11.9.37. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Photograph‐induced memory errors: When photographs make people claim they have done things they have not
Authors: Henkel Linda A.
Published: November 2009

Photographs can serve as valuable memory aids but can also contribute to memory inaccuracies. The present studies examine whether photographs can make people claim they performed an action that they did not in fact perform. Participants performed and imagined performing various actions (e.g. break the pencil, open the envelope) and later viewed photographs of actions in their completed states or read the names of the actions without an accompanying photograph. Results showed that participants were more likely to falsely claim to have performed actions that they did not actually perform after having seen a photograph of the completed action. When items were not imagined at all, such photograph‐induced memory errors increased with the number of presentations of the photographs. Actions falsely claimed as performed were rated with high confidence. These findings suggest that photographs can mislead people as to what they did or did not do. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical formation, characterization and properties of polycarbazole
Authors: Raj V. , Madheswari D. , Mubarak Ali M.
Published: November 2009

Polycarbazole (PCz) was synthesized by chemical polymerization of carbazole in acetonitrile medium using ammonium persulfate as oxidant. The selection of solvent, concentration of the monomer, composition of the solvent, polymerization time, temperature, and pH were optimized to obtain better quality and yield of the polycarbazole. The synthesized polycarbazole was characterized by various techniques such as UV–Visible, FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, COSY, NOESY, and XRD spectroscopy. The solubility of the polycarbazole was tested in various solvents. The thermodynamic stability of the polycarbazole was examined by DSC and TGA‐DTA analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Surface modification of silica, titania, and zinc oxide micro particles with epoxidized soybean oil for preparation of polystyrene composite films
Authors: Alemdar Neslihan , Karagoz Bunyamin , Erciyes A. Tuncer , Bicak Niyazi
Published: November 2009

A novel and convenient procedure is presented for bilayered encapsulation of silica, ZnO, and TiO2 microparticles using highly adhesive unsaturated polyester, poly (2‐hydroxy propylene maleate) (PHM) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). Thus, adsorption of PHM onto the particle surfaces from acetone solution (under sonication) and followed curing at 180°C resulted in self crosslinking of the polyester layer by thermally induced addition of its free‐hydroxy groups to the maleate double bonds. The adsorption of the polyester onto particle surfaces was demonstrated to obey typical Langmuir isotherms. The oil was tethered onto particle surfaces through residual hydroxy groups of the crosslinked polyester layer at 180°C. Thermo gravimetrical analyses (TGA), FTIR spectra, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the oil‐modified pigments clearly indicated presence of organic layers (26.4–37.3% w/w) with 0.1–0.15 μm thicknesses. The resulting organically modified particles were demonstrated to give fairly stable and homogenous dispersions in concentrated polystyrene solutions. Those dispersions were employed for preparing nearly transparent cast films on glass substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the freestanding films did not show any phase separation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010