bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of wind speed in increasing COVID-19 cases in Jakarta: a spatial-temporal analysis from March to September 2020
Authors: Susanna Dewi , Saputra Yoerdy Agusmal , Poddar Sandeep
Published: December 2023

Background The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 is described as a highly contagious virus, and wind speed is suspected to be one of the climate elements that play a role in its spread, among others. This study aims to determine the relationship between wind speed and the increase in COVID-19 cases, as well as its potential spread, based on regional characteristics. Methods The design of this study was an ecological study based on time and place to integrate geographic information systems and tested using statistical techniques. The data used were wind speed and weekly COVID-19 cases from March to September 2020. These records were obtained from the special coronavirus website of Jakarta Provincial Health Office and the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency. The data were analyzed by correlation, graphic/time trend, and spatial analysis. Results The wind speed (maximum and mean) from March to September 2020 tended to fluctuate between 1.43 and 6.07 m/s. The correlation test results between the average wind speed and COVID-19 cases in Jakarta showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.542; p value = 0.002). Conclusions Areas with high wind speeds tended to show an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases, especially in the coastal areas of Jakarta. Wind speed plays a role in increasing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, in people who did not implement health protocols properly. This mechanism can be worsened with support of environmental factors such as air pollution.
Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis as an indicator of malnutrition in children under five years with and without pneumonia in Mchinji District, Malawi: An exploratory mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Dunning Hanna , Zadutsa Beatiwel , Kainja Esther , Colbourn Tim , McCollum Eric D. , Makwenda Charles , Wells Jonathan , Grijalva-Eternod Carlos S. , King Carina
Published: December 2023

Background Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a non-invasive approach to assessing body composition and cellular health, which may improve the assessment of nutritional status in sick children. We explored the reliability, clinical utility, and acceptability of BIVA, as an indicator of nutritional status for children under five years with and without pneumonia, in Malawi. Methods We conducted a parallel convergent mixed-methods exploratory study in Mchinji District Hospital, Malawi, in 2017. We recruited a convenience sample of children aged 0–59 months with clinical pneumonia, and without an acute illness. Children had duplicate anthropometric and BIVA measurements taken. BIVA measurements of phase angle (PhA) were taken of the whole body, and trunk and arm segments. Reliability was assessed by comparing the variability in the two measures, and clinical utility by estimating the association between anthropometry and PhA using linear regression. Focus group discussions with healthcare workers who had not previously used BIVA instrumentation were conducted to explore acceptability. Results A total of 52 children (24 with pneumonia and 28 healthy) were analysed. The reliability of sequential PA measurements was lower than anthropometric measurements, but trunk and arm segments performed better. The largest associations with PhA were a negative relationship with weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and PhA in children with pneumonia in the trunk segment, and a positive association with WAZ in the full body measurement in healthy children. Healthcare workers in focus group discussions expressed trust in BIVA technology and that it would enable more accurate diagnosis of malnutrition; however, they raised concerns about the sustainability and necessary resources to implement BIVA. Conclusions While healthcare workers were positive towards BIVA as a novel technology, implementation challenges should be expected. The differential direction of association between anthropometry and PhA for children with pneumonia warrants further investigation.
Demographic and socioeconomic predictors of religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England: Results from the offspring generation
Authors: Major-Smith Daniel , Morgan Jimmy , Halstead Isaac , Tohidinik Hamid Reza , Goulding Neil , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Golding Jean , Northstone Kate
Published: December 2023

Background We explored associations between possible demographic and socioeconomic causes of religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours (RSBB) in the offspring generation of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods We examined approximately 4,450 offspring aged 28 years with RSBB data from a prospective birth cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England. Three RSBB outcome measures were assessed: religious belief (belief in God/a divine power; yes/not sure/no), religious affiliation (Christian/none/other) and religious attendance (frequency of attendance at a place of worship). We explored age- and sex-adjusted associations between 35 demographic and socioeconomic exposures and each of the three RSBB outcomes using multinomial regression. Exposure-sex interactions were also examined. Results Some sociodemographic factors were associated with RSBB in this cohort; for instance, being female and from an ethnicity other than White were associated with increased religiosity across all domains. For many other exposures, however, associations were frequently null or inconsistent, often depending on the specific exposure and outcome combination. As an example, higher educational attainment was associated with higher rates of religious attendance, but not with religious belief or affiliation; in contrast, higher income was associated with lower levels of religiosity. No consistent interactions between sex and the exposures on RSBB were found. Effect sizes were also rather weak, with most pseudo-R 2 values below 0.5% and a maximum of 1.2%. Conclusions The results highlight that several demographic and socioeconomic factors are associated with RSBB in this cohort. However, the number of these associations, and their magnitude, is smaller than comparable results from the parental generation of these offspring, suggesting that patterns of sociodemographic factors associated with RSBB differ between these generations. In addition to describing these associations, this paper will help inform future studies using these data, particularly regarding the choice of potential sociodemographic confounders.
INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTIYIVTY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: Sabitov Marat
Published: December 2023

The research was conducted in 2019-2021. in the Ulyanovsk region in order to study the influence of soil cultivation methods and organomineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring wheat. The soil of the experimental plot is leached, medium-thick, medium-loamy chernozem with a humus content in the 0...30 cm layer of 5.61%, mobile P2O5 and K2O according to Chirikov - 178 and 121 mg/kg, respectively, pHsol. . – 6.3, sum of absorbed bases – 46.4 mEq/100 g. In the experiments, methods of soil cultivation were studied (factor A) – dump to a depth of 23...25 cm; without dumps by 15...16 cm; flat 10…12 cm; organic and mineral fertilizers (factor B) - without fertilizers; N16P16K16 for sowing + N34 for cultivation + N10 for winter wheat straw; manure 20 t/ha; manure 20 t/ha + N16P16K16 for sowing + N34 for cultivation + N10 for winter wheat straw; winter wheat straw; winter wheat straw + H10 + N16P16K16 for sowing + H34 for cultivation; green manure; green manure + H10 + winter wheat straw + H10 + N16P16K16 when sowing + H34 during cultivation. Non-mouldboard and flat-cut processing had an advantage over moldboard processing in terms of moisture reserves in the 0...30 cm layer by 3.8...4.7 mm, in the 0...100 cm layer by 8.6...10.2 mm. mm. The aftereffect of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen in the 0...30 cm layer compared to the control by 3.9...18.1 mg/kg under plowing, and by 1.0...13.1 - under plowing. non-mouldboard processing and 4 - for flat-cut processing. ,4…15.1 mg/kg. The yield of spring wheat against the background of manure 20 t/ha + NPK and green manure + NPK with no-moldboard tillage increased by 0.89 and 0.90 t/ha, under plowing - by 0.90 and 0.90, with flat-cut soil - by 0.95 and 0.89 t/ha compared to the option without fertilizers.
Active longitudes and the structure of the large-scale magnetic field at solar minimum
Authors: Grigoryev Victor , Ermakova Lyudmila
Published: December 2023

We have studied deep minima of 11-year solar activity cycles 13–14, 14–15, 22–23, 23–24, 24–25, using the RGO and USAF/NOAA sunspot group catalogs. All of them have a large number of spotless days. Nonetheless, active longitudes as preferred zones, where sunspots occur, appear at this solar cycle phase. Analysis of synoptic maps and WSO daily magnetograms reflecting the structure of a weak large-scale field shows a non-axisymmetric component of the solar magnetic field. At solar minimum in the structure of the large-scale magnetic field, there are regions of the magnetic field of positive and negative polarity elongated along the meridian and crossing the equator. The most pronounced of them are located in the zone of active longitudes and are often connected with the polar magnetic fields.

We discuss the possible nature of the meridional structures of the large-scale field during solar minimum. This might be due to giant convection cells with a banana cell structure.
Seguridad ontológica y propiedad residencial. Vivienda, bienestar y naturaleza en los suburbios del sur chileno (2011 – 2023)
Authors: Alvarado Peterson Voltaire , Paulsen-Espinoza Alex , Hidalgo Dattwyler Rodrigo
Published: December 2023

Este artículo explora la relación entre la propiedad legal de viviendas subsidiadas y el bienestar en ciudades del centro-sur de Chile. La metodología consiste en un trabajo de campo del caso de la ciudad de Coronel y una discusión conceptual sobre seguridad ontológica y bienestar neoliberal. Se argumenta que el derecho de propiedad está fuertemente protegido en las constituciones latinoamericanas. En Chile, los subsidios habitacionales buscan generar bienestar a través del acceso a la vivienda propia, pero no necesariamente patrimonio. Se analiza el desarrollo de conjuntos residenciales subsidiados en Coronel, donde se producen nuevos espacios suburbanos ensamblados con plantaciones forestales industriales. Estos generan una seguridad ontológica y sentido de pertenencia, pero también contradicciones sobre la creación de comunidad y riesgos ante incendios y remociones en masa. Se concluye que el subsidio habitacional en Chile fortalece la propiedad legal, pero con limitaciones para construir bienestar debido a la escasa acumulación patrimonial.
Effect of Sn-incorporation on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Sharma Hansraj , Kumar Sunil , Yadav Jagavendra , Prasad Jagdish , Singh Mangej
Published: December 2023

In this research, thin films of ZnO doped with Sn were prepared through the sol-gel method. The effects of Sn dopant on optical, morphological and structural studies were investigated. All of the films in this work showed favored orientation along the (002) plane, according to XRD analysis. It was observed by SEM analysis that the study Sn morphological and structural studies were investigated. From AFM pictures it is clear that as the doping concentration rises, the size of the grains on the surface of thin films decreases.The existence of Zn, O and Sn was verified by the EDAX analysis. The Ultraviolet-visible spectroscope was utilized to examine the optical characteristics. That band gap increased with the dopant material percent increased.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Study of Novel 2-Phenoxyethyl Xanthate Ligand and Complexes with some Transitions Metals
Authors: Molla-Babaker Mohammed Mahmoud , Khalid Maher , Al-Mukhtar Saad .E.
Published: December 2023

The research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a novel xanthate ligand and their complexes with the formula [M(PhOEtXant)2], where M represents as Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), and PhOEtXant stands for 2-Phenoxyethylxanthate. The antioxidant activities of these complexes will be evaluated by comparing them with standard natural antioxidants and ascorbic acid using the (DPPH) assay. The synthesized complexes were thoroughly characterized based on their physical properties using various spectral methods, like XRD, FTIR, NMR, AA, UV-visible, magnetic properties, and conductivity measurements. The complexes are nonelectrolytes, according to molar conductance measurements. Infrared spectra revealed that the ligand acts as a neutral bidentate moiety in all the compounds. Electronic spectra and effective magnetic moments suggested that the compounds exhibit a tetrahedral shape, which is supported by the experimental data. For further insights into the geometry, bond length, bond angle, electronic characteristics, and thermodynamic factors of the synthesized compounds, a density functional theory (DFT) approach with the basis set GGA-PBE was employed for optimization. The antioxidant evaluation using the DPPH assay demonstrated that all the complexes displayed significant radical scavenging activity when compared to the standard ascorbic acid. Remarkably, the Cu, Zn, Ni, and Mn complexes showed superior radical scavenging activities compared to the other complexes and the standard ascorbic acid. Overall, this research highlights the promising potential of the synthesized complexes as effective antioxidants, showcasing their value for further exploration in various applications related to antioxidant research and potentially in therapeutic contexts. The comprehensive characterization using a range of spectroscopic and computational techniques provides valuable insights into their structure and properties, supporting their potential applications in diverse fields of chemistry.
Rheology of Cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) Oil used as Biodegradable Lubricant
Authors: Stanciu Ioana
Published: December 2023

Vegetable oils are often associated with well-known varieties like sunflower, olive, and corn. However, there are lesser-known options worth exploring to appreciate their distinct qualities. One such overlooked oil is cottonseed oil, derived from the Malvaceae cotton family plant. In a recent study, we delved into the rheological behavior of cottonseed oil. Similar to many vegetable oils, it exhibits a non-Newtonian behavior, making it a viable alternative to mineral oils. The rheological analysis was conducted using the Brookfield RVDV II I Ultra Rheometer, with shear rates incrementally increasing.
Lycopene and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review Reveals Promising Benefits in Blood Pressure, Lipid Profiles, and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Joung Hye Ri , Gang Gyoungok , Go Gwang-woong
Published: December 2023

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading global cause of mortality, demanding effective prevention and management. This systematic review explores the impact of lycopene, prevalent in various fruits, on cardiovascular health. Thirteen randomized and controlled trials were analyzed, involving 385 participants with cardiovascular risk factors. Notable findings included significant blood pressure reductions, particularly among hypertensive individuals, and favorable alterations in lipid profiles. Lycopene interventions also demonstrated potential in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation markers. While these findings show promise, more rigorously designed studies are essential to determine optimal dosages and durations for precise cardiovascular benefits. In conclusion, lycopene shows potential in managing cardiovascular risk factors, and its role in blood pressure regulation, lipid profile improvement, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects is encouraging. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to provide definitive guidance on integrating lycopene to enhance cardiovascular health.
Cookie Quality Characteristics Influenced by the Proportion of Wheat Flour Replaced by Artemisia princeps Leaf Powder
Authors: Lee Jun Ho
Published: December 2023

To develop quality-improved bakery products, the influence of the partial replacement of wheat flour by Artemisia princeps leaf powder (APP) on the quality characteristics of cookies, including antioxidant activities, was investigated. Studies were carried out to evaluate the addition of different percentages of APP on the quality characteristics of cookies prepared by incorporating APP (1-4%) into wheat flour. The incorporation of APP significantly affected the cookies’ physicochemical parameters and sensory acceptance attributes. Such incorporation at different levels significantly reduced moisture content while increasing the cookie dough’s density (p<0.05). The spread ratio, loss rate, L*, and b* values of the cookies decreased, but their hardness and a* value increased significantly with increasing levels of APP substitution (p<0.05). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were significantly increased (p<0.05) with higher APP substitution and were well-correlated. Hedonic sensory results showed that cookies fortified with 2% APP generally received satisfactory and acceptable acceptance scores. Consumers seemed to prefer the cookie texture in terms of chewiness when the samples were softer and lighter but less reddish, whereas taste acceptance may be a dominant factor in overall acceptability.
Rheological and Microstructural Characterization of Heat-Induced Gels from Pea Protein Isolates
Authors: Ha Ju Yeon , Lee Geun-Gone , Park Sung Hoon , Park Hye Ryung , Jo Yeon-Ji
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on heat-induced gelation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) proteins to assess the potential of pea protein aggregates (PPA) as novel plant-based meat alternatives. The microstructural (SEM, CLSM), mechanical (TPA analysis), and rheological properties (G', G'') of heat-induced gels at pH 2 were systematically investigated as a function of a different pea protein concentration (7.5, 10, 12.5%) and a varying heating time (1, 3, 6, 16 h). The result showed that PPA formation at higher protein concentration and heating time contributed to a homogenous and compact heat-induced gel formation. Such gel network strengthened mechanical properties in terms of high gel hardness (-40 g) and elastic texture (-2.7 mm springiness). For the rheological studies, the storage modulus (G') showed an increase during both the heating and cooling phases and then stabilized during the cooled-holding phase. This suggested that the formation of durable and stable gel was induced due to the decreased mobility of protein aggregates at low temperatures. Therefore, the PPA is indicated as a potential additive for enhancing the food texture quality in the plant-based meat food industry.
Effects of Half-Area Breathable Film on Preventing Expansion of Packaged-Cubed Radish Kimchi during Storage under Altering Temperature Conditions
Authors: Park So Yoon , Yun Suk-Min , Kang Miran , Eun Jong-Bang , Chun Ho Hyun
Published: December 2023

In this study, changes in the quality and headspace O2/CO2 concentrations of cubed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) kimchi (CR-kimchi) packaged using multilayer airtight film (MAF), half-area breathable film (HABF), partial area breathable film (PABF), and one-way degassing valve-mounted film (ODVF) were investigated during storage under altering temperature conditions. The total lactic acid bacteria count in CR-kimchi samples stored for 6 days at 0℃, followed by 8 days at 6°C, increased to 7.8-7.9 log CFU/g, regardless of the packaging. The titratable acidity of the CR-kimchi samples increased to 0.6-0.7% during storage at 0°C for 6 days and then at 6°C for 8 days; it was maintained at 0.6-0.8% for 32 days of storage at -3°C. After 46 days of storage, the reduced sugar content of CR-kimchi packaged using MAF, HABF, PABF, and ODVF decreased to 26.8-30.3 mg/g, indicating no significant (p>0.05) differences. However, during storage, headspace CO2 concentration and film volume were lower in the HABF treatment than in the control, PABF, and ODVF treatments, indicating that HABF packaging combined with supercooled (-3°C) storage can extend the optimal ripening period of CR-kimchi without packaging expansion during storage.
Properties of Dried Apple Jeonggwa according to Apple Varieties
Authors: Lee Gyeong Mi , Kim Jin Won , Shin Jung-Kue
Published: December 2023

Dried apple jeonggwa, a traditional Korean dessert, was made using various apple varieties, such as Jonathan, Fuji, and Hongro. After making the dried apple jeonggwa, the physical and sensory properties of the dessert made using different apple varieties were compared. The apple varieties had no differences in moisture content, weight loss, or sugar content. Chromacity differences were observed depending on the varieties, but ∆E was small. Hardness was highest in Jonathan, while resilience was highest in Fuji, but there was no significant difference in hardness. In the sensory evaluation, appearance, color, sweetness, hardness, chewiness, and overall acceptability were highest in Jonathan, while there was no substantial difference among the varieties in terms of flavor, sourness, or adhesiveness.
‘I’m a troublemaker’: the need to focus on early-career academics’ experiences of sexual harassment in Ireland
Authors: Ni Shuilleabhain Aoibhinn , Skerritt Craig
Published: December 2023

The issue of sexual harassment of early-career academics in Ireland has recently been brought to the fore through the mainstream media. Little research has been undertaken, however, on highlighting and documenting such experiences, leading to a lack of awareness and dearth of specifically targeted initiatives for this cohort. The authors, themselves early-career academics, attempt to highlight this problem by sharing data generated through focus group interviews with early-career academics, who reported experiences of sexual harassment in the context of challenges they faced in their work environment. The data presented here are shared to highlight these issues as being more common among early-career academics than believed. The authors call for further research to be undertaken focusing on early-career academics in order to raise awareness of such issues and for more resources to be developed to prevent and respond to sexual harassment and violence in higher education in Ireland.
Cascaded plastic optical fiber based SPR sensor for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature
Authors: Teng Chuanxin , Li Xinjing , Chen Ming , Deng Shijie , Deng Hongchang , Xue Minmin , Yuan Libo , Min Rui , Fu Xiaosong , Hu Xuehao
Published: December 2023

A cascaded side-polish plastic optical fiber (POF) and FONTEX optical fiber based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed for simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature. The side-polish POF and FONTEX optical fiber are connected by using the UV glue in a Teflon plastic tube. The SPR phenomenon can be excited at both of the side-polish region and the FONTEX fiber cladding. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is coated on the side-polish POF to get a temperature sensing channel. Due to the low RI sensitivity of the FONTEX optical fiber, the cascaded fiber sensor can obtain a broader RI measurement range with a low crosstalk. An RI sensitivity of 700 nm/RIU in the RI measurement range of 1.335-1.39 and a temperature sensitivity of −1.02 nm/°C measured in deionized water with a range of 20-60 °C are obtained. In addition, the cascaded POF based SPR sensor has potential application prospects in the field of biochemical sensing.
Risk of sexually transmitted infections among U.S. military service members in the setting of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use
Authors: Blaylock Jason M. , Ewers Evan C. , Bianchi Elizabeth J. , King David B. , Casimier Rosemary O. , Erazo Hector , Grieco Stephen , Lay Jenny , Peel Sheila A. , Modjarrad Kayvon , Beckett Charmagne G. , Okulicz Jason F. , Scott Paul T. , Hakre Shilpa
Published: December 2023

Background

The evidence for an increased incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among patients utilizing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been inconsistent. We assessed the risk of incident STI while on PrEP compared to periods off PrEP among military service members starting PrEP.

Methods

Incidence rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis C virus, and HIV were determined among military service members without HIV prescribed daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine for HIV PrEP from February 1, 2014 through June 10, 2016. Hazard ratios for incident STIs were calculated using an Anderson-Gill recurrent event proportional hazard regression model.

Results

Among 755 male service members, 477 (63%) were diagnosed with incident STIs (overall incidence 21.4 per 100 person-years). Male service members had a significantly lower risk of any STIs (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.21, 95% CI 0.11–0.40) while using PrEP compared to periods off PrEP after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for initiating PrEP, surveillance period prior to PrEP initiation, and the effect of PrEP on site and type of infection in multivariate analysis. However, when stratifying for anatomical site and type of infection, the risk of extragenital gonorrhea infection (pharyngeal NG: aHR 1.84, 95% CI 0.82–4.13, p = 0.30; rectal NG: aHR 1.23, 95% CI 0.60–2.51, p = 1.00) and extragenital CT infection (pharyngeal CT: aHR 2.30, 95% CI 0.46–11.46, p = 0.81; rectal CT: aHR 1.36, 95% CI 0.81–2.31, p = 0.66) was greater on PrEP compared to off PrEP although these values did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

The data suggest entry into PrEP care reduced the overall risk of STIs following adjustment for anatomical site of STI and treatment. Service members engaged in PrEP services also receive more STI prevention counseling, which might contribute to decreases in STI risk while on PrEP.
Somewhere Between Truth and Its Telling: Memory and its materiality
Authors: Perera Ruhanie
Published: December 2023

This article is centred on the performance Somewhere Between Truth and Its Telling, which was first performed in 2012. Since then, it has been archived and exhibited in the form of a video work. The performance references key incidents that contributed to its creation: (1) the making of the performance titled My Other History, specifically an archived conversation undertaken as actor research; (2) the censorship of My Other History by the Public Performances Board of Sri Lanka and (3) the embodied actions and objects in the composition of Somewhere Between Truth and Its Telling created in response to the memory of the conversation that preceded it. As such, this article employs selected photographs of the performances in order to position artistic choices made, as well as an exploration of the two interconnected performances through their relationship to the memory of war and the lived experience of traumatic events. The performance of Somewhere Between Truth and Its Telling thus acts as a reflexive framework that opens up a space where experiences of performance-making can be critically evaluated through embodied witnessing that supports an exchange or transmission of memory through storytelling and how accountability comes to be situated in the practice of performing from the lived experience of violence and trauma.
TOWARDS THE CRIMINALISATION OF PROMISING/OFFERING A BRIBE AND CONSENTING TO A BRIBE IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Mitskaya Е.V.
Published: December 2023

At present in Kazakhstan, the increase in the number of corrupt criminal offences, including on the partof high officials, heads of a number of Kazakhstani companies, is due to a stronger political will of the headof state to resolutely oppose corruption. Such a desire allows paying attention to criminal law norms, whichoccupy an important place in the set of measures to combat a systemic vice of the state, jeopardising nationalsecurity. The potential of criminal law in anti-corruption policy has not been exhausted. The discussion ofanti-corruption fight is very relevant against the background of possible implementation of norms of anticorruption international standards into the Kazakh criminal law, which contradict the doctrinal provisionsof the Kazakh criminal law. This study is devoted to the assessment of possible criminalisation of promising,offering and agreeing to receive a bribe in order to strengthen the criminal law fight against corruption. Theproposed changes, in the author's opinion, do not allow to hope that they will ultimately serve the realisationof a useful goal of Kazakhstan's anti-corruption policy, and open the ground for aninformed discussion onfurther fight against corruption.
Artificial Intelligence Evaluation of Stool Quality Guides Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy Using a Smartphone App
Authors: Fagan Andrew , Gallagher Mary Leslie , Mousel Travis , Davis Brian C. , Fuchs Michael , Puri Puneet , Anstey Jacob , Tiede David , Simonetto Douglas A. , Kraus Asaf , Bajaj Jasmohan S.
Published: December 2023

Lactulose-based hepatic encephalopathy treatment requires bowel movements/day titration, which is improved with Bristol stool scale (BSS) incorporation. Dieta app evaluates artificial intelligence (AI)-based BSS (AI-BSS) with stool images. Initially, controls (N = 13) and cirrhosis patients on lactulose/not on lactulose (n = 33) were trained on the app. They entered self-reported BSS (self-BSS) with AI-BSS communicated. Lactulose dose changes were tracked. A subset (n = 12) was retested with AI communication blocked. Most subjects were comfortable with the app. Self/AI-BSS and lactulose dose/AI-BSS correlation increased with app use. AI-BSS communications improved insight into self-BSS over time. Dieta app to gauge stool AI characteristics was acceptable and increased insight into lactulose dose and BSS in cirrhosis.
Veterinary management protocol for non-human primates: quarantine, anesthesia, and postoperative care for mastoidectomy at animal research institutions
Authors: Lee Yoon Beom , Jo Woori , Jeong Eui-Suk , Kang Tae Ku , Lee Gwang-Hoon
Published: December 2023

Non-human primate (NHP) research faces challenges due to zoonosis risk and complex veterinary management yet lacks standardized guidelines for animal care. Therefore, we developed an advanced veterinary management protocol for NHP quarantine, anesthesia, and postoperative care. Three female 4 to 5-year-old cynomolgus monkeys were anesthetized and underwent various tests, including body weight, temperature, blood tests, urinalysis, microbiological monitoring, and physical and dental examinations. Ivermectin and medicated baths were administered to eradicate ectoparasites and endoparasites, and testing was repeated 30 days later. Following quarantine, we performed computed tomography and anesthesia maintenance for mastoidectomy. To relieve pain and maintain body weight, we administered tramadol intramuscularly 4 times/day for 3 days and meloxicam subcutaneously twice daily for 14 days. Feed replacements were provided. During the 33-day quarantine period, physical examinations revealed no abnormalities indicative of infectious diseases, and no specific clinical symptoms were observed. Through a preliminary test of anesthesia time, we selected ketamine 4 mg/kg + medetomidine 50 µg/kg for short experiments such as computed tomography, and ketamine 8 mg/kg + medetomidine 50 µg/kg for intubation. Ten days after mastoidectomy, NHPs consumed 100 kcal/kg and recovered their body weight. This study offers advanced veterinary management guideline for NHP research. Such protocols can lead to more standardized and ethical practices in NHP research, thereby enhancing the quality of studies on NHPs and the translation of findings to human health and disease.
Testicular granular cell tumor of two rabbits: case reports
Authors: Lee Na-Young , Lee Jeong Seong , Yu Byung Hoon , Kim Jae-Hoon , Kim Dae-Yong , Woo Gye-Hyeong
Published: December 2023

Granular cell tumor was described in the testis of two rabbits. Testis from each rabbit was surgically removed and submitted for histopathological diagnosis. Both testes were about 2.0 cm in diameter, firm, and tan. Microscopically, testicular mass consisted of compact sheets of round to polygonal and occasional spindle-shaped cells. The neoplastic cells contain a large amount of eosinophilic granular material in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules were positive for periodic acid Schiff stain. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to Melan-A and vimentin. Based on these results, the testicular mass was diagnosed as a granular cell tumor.
Status of selected feline infectious diseases in Gwangju, Korea
Authors: Choi Juyeon , Ahn Kyu-Sung , Ahn Ah-Jin , Shin SungShik
Published: December 2023

From 2008 to 2017, blood samples from 280 and fecal samples from 149 stray cats in Gwangju, South Korea, were examined for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), Dirofilaria immitis, and Giardia infections using commercial diagnostic tests. Overall, the combined prevalence of FeLV, FIV, D. immitis, and Giardia was 8.6%, 1.4%, 0.4%, and 2.0%, respectively. FeLV exhibited the highest prevalence rate among the 4 pathogens surveyed, both in the 2008–2009 (9.6%) and 2015–2017 (6.3%) surveys. The results of the feline Giardia study represent the first prevalence report of Giardia infection among stray cats in Korea.
Effects of follicular fluid-derived extracellular vesicles improve in vitro maturation and embryonic development of porcine oocytes
Authors: Kang Heejae , Bang Seonggyu , Kim Heyyoung , Han Ayeong , Miura Shuntaro , Park Hye Sun , Saadeldin Islam M. , Lee Sanghoon , Cho Jongki
Published: December 2023

To optimize the most efficient method for porcine in vitro maturation (IVM), we compared the effects of supplementing extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from porcine follicular fluid (pFF). The cumulus oocyte complexes were grouped into 4 groups with different supplementations as following: pFF (G1), pFF-depleted EVs (G2), EVs (G3) and control (G4) groups. After IVM with different supplementations, maturation rates and the developmental competences of porcine oocytes and blastocyst development were investigated. Additionally, glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured in mature oocytes. The EVs were isolated and characterized with cryo-TEM and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The pFF significantly affected the maturation rate, whereas the presence of EVs did not show notable difference in the maturation rates. Although there were numerical increases in the measured parameters in EV and pFF-depleted EVs groups, no significant differences were observed between them. The EV group showed similar oocyte maturation rate for both positive and negative control groups. The GSH was not different among the groups, but ROS levels were significantly lower in pFF-supplemented group when compared with other groups with the highest level in the control group. G2 group wasn’t significantly different G1 and G3 group. G3 group wasn’t significantly different from G2 and G4 group. This suggests that EVs in IVM medium which probably effected partially to protect against oxidative stress and potentially enhance the quality of oocytes. This study indicates that the EVs in pFF play a significant role in improving the efficiency of oocyte maturation in porcine.
Molecular identification of the common viral respiratory viruses in backyard chickens in Basrah, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Mubarak Firas Taha Mansour , Najem Harith Abdulla , Thwiny Hazim Talib
Published: December 2023

Many viruses can infect different types of birds, with poultry being the most susceptible. These viral diseases have a direct negative impact on the poultry industry, with significant economic losses. This study examined a group of the most important viruses that infect backyard chickens in 2 specific areas of Basrah Governorate, south of Iraq. The study analyzed avian influenza viruses (AIVs), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Two hundred and ninety oropharyngeal swabs, 150 from Abu Al-Khasib and 140 from Shatt Al-Arab regions in the Basrah governorate, were obtained from backyard chickens with clear respiratory signs. The samples were subjected to viral RNA extraction, and the viral nucleic acids were detected using an RT-PCR technique. The overall rate of viral infections was 74.8%, which varied depending on the type of virus: 15.8%, 31.3%, and 27.5% for AIV, NDV, and IBV, respectively. The NDV and IBV had much higher infection rates than that of AIV. In addition, the prevalence of AIV in the Shatt Al Arab district was significantly higher than in the Abul Khasib district. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the NDV and the IBV distributions in either of the targeted regions in this study.
Exploring the Impact of Parent Gathering Programs on Cultivating Religious Character in Early Childhood: A Case Study
Authors: Utari Sindy Mey Dwi , Arifin Imron , Dian Putra Yudithia
Published: December 2023

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the positive impact of the parent gathering program implemented at TKIT Baitul Izzah Nganjuk on building children's religious character. The motivation for this study stems from the prevalent crisis in the country involving children, characterized by increasing violence, crime, and poor habits. Addressing these issues, the study explores the necessity of implementing a collaborative program between schools and parents to foster children's religious character.
Design/methods/approach – The study was conducted at TKIT Baitul Izzah Nganjuk using a qualitative research method presented in a narrative format. Data collection comprised observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was performed using the Miles and Huberman model.
Findings – The study revealed that the parent gathering program included three main components: workshops, socialization, and evaluation. The religious character education implemented encompassed routine activities, periodic activities, and teaching and learning activities. The program's benefits were observed in shaping effective parenting patterns and fostering in children an awareness of worship, faith, and good behavior.
Research implications/limitations – This research recognizes its scope limitations, focusing solely on the parent gathering program for new students.
Practical implications – The findings indicate that the parent gathering program is a valuable tool for building the religious character of early childhood, necessitating cooperation between the school and parents.
Originality/value – The implementation of the parent gathering program has shown effectiveness in nurturing religious character from an early age.
Paper type Case study
The Influence of the Destination of IPO Capital Resources on the Shares Return
Authors: Giacometti Yuri Bragancini , Junior Tabajara Pimenta , Ambrozini Marcelo Augusto , Gaio Luiz Eduardo
Published: December 2023

In the IPO process, a prospectus is published that gathers relevant information for investors, including the funds raised destination. This study involved data from the period that covered two important crises for the Brazilian market – Subprime, in 2008, and President Impeachment, in 2016 – that preceded the actual Covid19 Crisis. From a sample of 103 IPOs that occurred between 2006 and 2015, historical series of stock quotes from 2006 to 2017, and using the event study procedure, we verified whether there were differences between the cumulative abnormal returns in the period after the IPO, of two groups of shares. One group was composed of companies that disclosed that the funds raised in the IPO would be used for direct investments (production, technologies, acquisitions, etc.), and the other group was composed of companies that announced that the resources would be applied in other destinations (indebtedness, working capital, credit to clients, etc.). We also seek to explain the behavior of returns accumulated abnormal returns, considering multiple linear regressions based on seven independent variables. The results showed that the announcement of direct investments with the funds raised in the IPO can generate positive abnormal returns in the very short term and showed signs of a relationship between the investment information and the behavior of the abnormal returns accumulated over one year after the IPO.
Sonic Justice and Tree Equity: Exploring Spatial Correlations between Aviation-Related Noise, Demographics, and Tree Canopy
Authors: Rodriguez Gonzalez Mayra Ivelisse , Torres Garrido Kevin Gabriel
Published: December 2023

The intricate relationship between aviation-related noise pollution, demographic factors, and tree canopy cover can hold significant implications for targeted interventions promoting environmental equity, sonic justice, and sustainable urban development. This study offers a geospatial exploration of these interconnections within the continental United States by employing National Transportation Noise Pollution data from the United States Department of Transportation alongside tree canopy cover from the United States Geological Survey’s National Land Cover Database and demographic data from the American Community Survey in a correlation analysis. Our analysis reveals stark disparities in noise exposure levels, notably underscoring that low-income and predominantly Hispanic neighborhood shoulder a disproportionate burden of aviation-related noise. Moreover, a correlation between aviation-related noise pollution and low tree canopy cover suggests a potential avenue for utilizing nature as a buffer against heightened noise levels. However, recognizing the delicate equilibrium between fostering a thriving tree canopy and ensuring aviation safety highlights a need for innovative urban planning solutions capable of simultaneously addressing sonic injustice and tree inequity.
Towards Efficient Energy Usage at Ain Shams University Campus
Authors: El-Khattam Walid , ElSabagh Adel , Hassan Ghada F , Saleh Mohamed Ayman , Meteini Mahmoud El
Published: December 2023

In the light of global energy transition to renewable resources and energy efficiency usage, Ain Shams University (ASU) developed an ambitious plan to transform its campus into Green Campus. From an energy perspective, energy consumption data were continuously collected and audited to calculate the university campus carbon footprint. An energy usage strategy was established to tackle various pillars such as electrifying the campuses’ transportation system, improving energy efficiency usage, generating Renewable Energy (RE) for self-consumption, etc. Extensive research has been initiated on electric vehicles, wind and solar Photovoltaic (PV) energy generation with students’ activities/competitions. Thus, electric cars and buses were manufactured at the Faculty of Engineering (FoE) for elderly people and staff movement in ASU campus. Solar PV lighting poles with batteries were installed in the main campus. A small-scale Wind Turbine (WT) is manufactured and installed at the FoE and a pilot solar PV system is installed as well. Currently, an energy efficiency project is under implementation in various buildings/faculties and a parking lot that targets energy efficiency and solar PV energy generation. An energy efficiency measure is under implementation through replacing lamps with LED lamps, installing motion sensors, setting up a control center for monitoring and operation that is supported by Artificial Intelligence decision making algorithms. Rooftop solar PV energy systems are under design with smart meters. The project is targeting energy saving and bill reduction by at least 30% and as a result a reduction of carbon footprint will be achieved following the COP27 recommendations.
Optimizing rock breaking performance: The influence of chamfer on polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters
Authors: Ju P.
Published: December 2023

Research on the rock-breaking performance of the Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutter has primarily focused on sharp cutters, often overlooking the influence of chamfer. Notably, the design of chamfer parameters has been largely unreported. In this study, we established a theoretical model of cutting force that takes chamfer into account. We analysed the primary and secondary relationships of four factors – back rake angle, depth of cut, chamfer angle, and chamfer length – on the force of the PDC cutter. This was done through a pseudo-level orthogonal level test. A numerical simulation, based on the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) method, was conducted to analyse the rock-breaking force and stress distribution characteristics of PDC cutters with different chamfer angles. Combined with a drop hammer impact test, we provided an optimized design of chamfer parameters. Our findings revealed that while the chamfer had a relatively minor influence on the force of the PDC cutter, it contributed to the optimal distribution of stress on the PDC cutter. This effectively protected the cutting edge and prevented early cracks and spalls of the cutter. When the chamfer angle was less than or equal to the back rake angle, the resultant force of the PDC cutter increased with the increase of the chamfer angle. However, when the chamfer angle was greater than the back rake angle, the resultant force of the PDC cutter first increased and then slightly decreased with the increase of the chamfer angle. Additionally, the resultant force of the PDC cutter increased approximately linearly with the increase of chamfer length. When the chamfer angle of the PDC cutter was between 30° and 45°, the fluctuation of the cutting force was relatively smooth, the rock-breaking process was stable, and the cutter’s impact resistance energy was relatively higher. These findings will provide valuable guidelines for the design of chamfered PDC cutters.
Collaboration network of applied linguistics research articles with different methodological orientations
Authors: Amini Farsani Mohammad , Jamali Hamid R.
Published: December 2023

The current study draws on synthetic techniques and bibliometric analysis to explore the patterns of scientific collaboration in light of methodological orientations. We examined 3,992 applied linguistics (AL) articles published in 18 top-tier journals from 2009 to 2018 and analyzed their methodological orientations and scientific collaboration. Considering that the number of co-authored papers outweighs single-authored counterparts, our results revealed that the overall degree of collaboration for AL journals was moderate-to-high (57.7%). In particular, quantitative studies contained the highest degree of collaboration (66.8%). This was followed by systematic reviews (60.9%), and mixed-methods approach (55.7%). Country-wise, our overall findings further indicated that the United States and the United Kingdom were the two main hubs of collaborative activities for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research. While the USA was the top country in systematic reviews like all other research approaches, the UK was the fifth country in systematic reviews. As for collaborating authors, our findings demonstrated that the most influential quantitative researchers had collaborated on Natural Language Processing (NLP) and data mining. While the mixed-methods researchers had a tendency to collaborate on conceptual issues subscribing to the language testing and assessment strand, the most productive qualitative researchers had collaborated on L2 writing issues. Implications for applied linguistics research are further discussed.