bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of financial distress, sustainability report disclosures, and firm size on earnings management in the banking sector of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand
Authors: Karina Revy , Soenarno Yanuar Nanok
Published: July 2022

Research Question: Does financial distress, sustainability report disclosures, and firm size have an effect on earnings management? Motivation: Researchers want to know the effect of financial distress, sustainability report disclosures, and firm size on earnings management. Idea: The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of Financial Distress (FD), Sustainability Report (SR), and Firm Size (FS) on earnings management in the banking sector of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Data: The data for this research is taken from the financial reports, annual reports, and sustainability reports issued by the companies from 2019 to 2020. The populations in this study are banking companies listed on the Indonesian, Malaysian, and Thailand Stock Exchanges. The samples used are 43 public banking companies in Indonesia, 10 public banking companies in Malaysia, and 8 public banking companies in Thailand. Tools: This study uses a regression model made with E-Views 10. Findings: The results show that financial distress has a significant influence on earnings management, sustainability reports have no influence on earnings management, and firm size has an influence on earnings management, but only in Malaysia’s and Thailand’s banking companies. Contribution: The results of this study are expected to provide ideas and reference materials regarding financial distress, disclosure of corporate sustainability reports, firm size, and earnings management practices. For companies, especially from the banking sector, this study is expected to provide information that they must be careful in reporting financial statements that will be published considering that banking companies are a business entity that receives and safeguards money owned by the public and lends out this money in the form of loans or credits. Banks are the main financial institutions in the financial system that drive the economy in a country. If a banking company experiences a financial crisis, it will have a wide impact on the financial system and economic sector in a country. The results of this study are also expected to help investors make investment decisions in a company and the results of this study are expected to help creditors in making funding decisions in a company.
Preface Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Volume 1, Nomor 2 Tahun 2016
Authors: Dikbud Jurnal
Published: July 2022

Preface Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Volume 1, Nomor 2 Tahun 2016
Mapeamento dos Níveis de Maturidade Organizacional em Uso de Inteligência Competitiva: Uma Pesquisa Nas 500 Maiores Empresas Sediadas No Brasil
Authors: Ciupak Bocardi Clebia , Rodrigues Leonel Cezar , Alves Silvente Giseli
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Mapear os Níveis de Maturidade Organizacional em uso de Inteligência Competitiva (IC) nas 500 maiores empresas sediadas no Brasil, tendo como parâmetro a classificação proposta no Modelo de Rodrigues e Riccardi (2007).
Metodologia: As empresas selecionadas para esta pesquisa são as eleitas pela Revista Exame como Maiores e Melhores, no ano de 2016. Para a caracterização da presença de Inteligência Competitiva nas empresas, utilizou-se, da estatística descritiva, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados, o questionário desenvolvido pela Puzzle.
 Originalidade: O reconhecimento da literatura especializada acerca da criticidade dos sistemas de IC para o sucesso dos negócios reconhece, se não uma dicotomia (importância versus inexploração temática), pelo menos um claro vazio na exploração deste tema, o que constitui uma lacuna científica que passa a ser objeto desta pesquisa.
 Resultados: Os principais resultados indicam que a IC evoluiu da quase informalidade para níveis superiores de maturidade, evidenciados pela expansão de suas atividades funcionais, maior abrangência institucional e maior formalização de seus procedimentos.
 Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Isto permite concluir que a IC tem aumentado seu nível de maturidade em uso nas empresas pesquisadas, já atingindo os níveis 3 e 4 de maturidade. A maior formalização de seus processos e a extensão de seu alcance lhe dão amplitude institucional e um papel corporativamente mais útil e competitivamente mais estratégico.
EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE FATHER AS A FACTOR OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF A PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILD
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University, Efimova A.A.
Published: July 2022

The development of the child is one of the priorities of the family. In Russia, as a multicultural space, there is a tendency to increase the number of interethnic marriages. The presence of families with children of various nationalities who support certain cultural traditions is reflected in the construction of educational activities with families within the educational process. The leading and irreplaceable role in the upbringing of a well-rounded personality is assigned to the father. The problem is that there are no studies analyzing the educational activities of fathers of other nationalities except Russian. This article presents the results of the analysis of the social development of primary school children of fathers of different nationalities. 238 primary school children (7–12 years old) and their fathers of the following nationalities – Russian, Ukrainian, Tatar, Armenian, Azerbaijani have been involved in the study. It has been found that the primary school children of Russian and Ukrainian nationalities have a low level of development as subjects of communication and self-consciousness; Tatar nationality – a low level of development as subjects of communication and activity; Armenian and Azerbaijani nationalities – a low level of development as subjects of activity and self-consciousness. The differences in the educational activities of fathers of different nationalities have been determined. The results obtained in the study can be used to develop psychological and pedagogical recommendations for interacting with a family and a child in an educational institution.
EXERCISES ON FORMING GUESSING IN READING IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (ON THE BASIS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE MATERIAL)
Authors:   Lipetsk State Pedagogical P. Semeov-Tyan-Shansky University, Mezinova O.V.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of developing the ability to guess in reading in a foreign language. According to the author, the process of mastering reading in a foreign language consists of a number of mechanisms and skills, which include guessing about the meaning of unknown words. The author defines guessing as the ability to reveal the meaning of an unknown word based on the reader's linguistic knowledge and experience. However, the knowledge in the field of the language does not always guarantee the success of the reader's guessing, since this process is directly correlated with the degree of development of the student's thinking, with their ability to carry out many mental actions and operations. In this regard, the author believes that when learning to read in a foreign language, a special technology for the development of guessing is needed, which involves the purposeful development of this skill with the help of special exercises based on the psychophysiological features of the reading process and the main mental operations involved in revealing the meanings of unknown words. The analysis of scientific and scientific-practical works on guessing allowed the author to identify several of the most frequently repeated mental actions and operations that make up guessing and combine them into the following groups: actions and operations on “search-choice”; actions and operations on “comparison-differentiation”; actions and operations on “grouping-classification”; actions and operations on “abstraction-concretization”; actions and operations on “generalization-systematization”. On the basis of these groups of actions and operations, according to the author, one should build exercises for the development of guessing, since the development of the above actions and operations will contribute to the development of the ability to guess in general. Further in the article, the author gives examples of exercises on the material of the English language related to the previously indicated groups, gives the analysis of these exercises and justifies the need for their use for the formation and development of guessing as a skill.
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF A UNIQUE EXPERIENCE OF YELETS REGION
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Usachev A.V.
Published: July 2022

A significant idea of the thinkers of the Yelets region is associated with existential and historical changes, with the image of a pre-revolutionary city, native places and transformations associated with the image of another, revolutionary Russia. This is the idea of the dialectic of the temporal and eternal in a person, permanent and alluvial in their character and personality type. V. Rozanov, I. Bunin and M. Prishvin combine in their reflections on the Yelets Region several unshakable themes that constitute the instance of native places in thinking. These are religiousness, loneliness and nature. The philosophy of education is born at the intersection of the problems of philosophy and pedagogy, providing scientific practice with a rich interweaving of various problematic issues, the consideration of which serves to reveal more deeply the features of the philosophical approach to teaching and upbringing. The article reveals the details of the dissertation process, which uses the ideas of the philosophy of education of various thinkers whose fate is connected with the Yelets region. Various texts are born and acquire infinite richness in the comprehension of existentials perceived in native and dear places. The concept of the “Yelets Chronotope” can become the basis for understanding the spiritual, philosophical and scientific potential of the region. The experience of understanding the uniqueness of the Yelets Region becomes a methodological principle in such activities as the dissertation process, the formation of an intellectual apparatus in order to effectively demonstrate how concepts work at the level of categorical reflection.
SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE "ETHNIC IDENTITY" CONCEPT IN THE WORLD PSYCHOLOGICAL PARADIGM
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Sidoryakin R.V.
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the approaches to the content and structure of ethnic identity, the author’s definition of ethnic identity in the context of the socio-psychological approach, clarification based on conceptual and theoretical analysis of the structure of ethnic identity, clarification of the relationship of ethnic identity with ethnic consciousness, interethnic tolerance, the characteristics of the civil position of the individual. Background. Ethnic identity is not identical to the more widely used concepts of nationality and citizenship, but acts as a powerful factor in the formation and cohesion of ethnic groups and their social ties. Moreover, it is ethnic identity that mediates the cohesion of ethnic groups and the readiness of their representatives to protect the interests of ethnic groups and defend their integrity. Therefore, the formed ethnic identity is an important condition for the preservation of multi-ethnicity and multipolarity of the modern world, and the explicit manifestations of this identity are an important condition for the formation of favorable inter-ethnic relations and reduction of inter-ethnic tensions. In this article the problems of ethnic identity are studied from the perspective of social psychology, which allows one to actualize its special context and pay attention to socio-psychological determinants of the formation and maintenance of ethnic identity and ethnic self-consciousness, which is especially important for the sustainable development of society and country in times of crisis. Conclusions. The author proposed a definition of ethnic identity in the context of the socio-psychological approach as a dynamic and multidimensional formation, which characterizes the feeling (implicit component) and awareness (explicit component) of a person as a member of a particular ethnic group/community. On the basis of conceptual and theoretical analysis the socio-psychological structure of ethnic identity was clarified and the relationship of ethnic identity with ethnic self-consciousness, inter-ethnic tolerance, the characteristics of the civil position of the individual was found.
ETHNIC IDENTITY AS A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH METHODS
Authors:   St. Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, Smolina T.L.
Published: July 2022

This article presents a detailed theoretical analysis of ethnic identity as a socio-psychological phenomenon. The structure of ethnicity is outlined (cognitive, affective and behavioral components). Ethnic identity is regarded as an integral part of social identity. On the individual level ethnic identity is viewed as a special form of Self-concept, at the same time ethnicity is considered as a group characteristic. This paper examines research methods which are used to measure ethnic identity in Russian and foreign cross-cultural studies. Foreign surveys which are dedicated to the examination of ethnic identity are divided by the author of the article into two categories: culture-specific methods (e.g. surveys which can be used to study only one specific ethnic or cultural group) and general methods (surveys which can be used among respondents who come from different ethnic backgrounds taking into account translation and adaptation of these methods). The present article provides evidence that in Russian psychological tradition cognitive and affective components of the ethnic identity are primarily measured. Behavioral context of ethnicity is examined occasionally. Modern Russian and foreign surveys which measure behavioral component of ethnicity and which are rarely used in contemporary Russian ethnopsychological empirical studies are described in detail. The studies of how identity is translated into everyday practices as well as the degree of behavioral involvement with an ethnic group and studies dedicated to the factors which influence the revival of ethnicity are viewed as perspective goals for contemporary researchers.
SELF-CONCEPT FEATURES OF INCLUSIVE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors:   Moscow State University of Humanities and Economics, Solovey L.B. , Beloglazov A.A. ,   Moscow State University of Humanities and Economics, Sergeev R.E. ,   Moscow State University of Humanities and Economics
Published: July 2022

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that today the number of people with disabilities in the world is increasing. Many of them could take a worthy place in society. An obstacle to this can be both intellectual disorders and violations of their Self-concept. The problem of the Self-concept has been studied by many psychologists, both foreign and domestic. Along with the Self-concept of healthy children, the Self-concept of children with disabilities, in particular children with musculoskeletal disorders, was studied. The study of the Self-concept of students with disorders of the musculoskeletal system was not practically carried out. This study is devoted to the study of the difference between the Self-concept of students with disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the Self-concept of conditionally healthy students. The study was conducted in an educational institution of inclusive higher education “Moscow State University of Humanities and Economics”, where conditionally healthy students (CHS) and many students with disabilities of various nosologies study. We assumed that there would be no special differences in the Self-concept of the CHS and students from the NODE, because students with HIA at this university feel comfortable due to the fact that there are many of them at the university, and the CHS treat them very kindly. In the course of the study, the authors of the article did not really reveal significant differences in the Self-concept of conditionally healthy students and students with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, except in their active Self. The results of the study can attract the attention of teachers, psychologists to form an adequate Self-concept in students with disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
FEATURES OF PERSONAL MATURITY OF STUDENTS OF SECONDARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors:   Katanov Khakass State University, Yaparova O.G. , Zakharenko E.A. ,   Katanov Khakass State University
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to a topical problem of personal maturity and emotional intelligence of students of secondary vocational education. Personal maturity is understood as an integral characteristic that ensures the success of adaptation and self-realization of a person in society on the basis of self-fulfillment and self-organization of one's own life. Emotional intelligence is seen as the ability to recognize and understand one's own emotions and the emotions of others. The purpose of the study: to study and identify the characteristics of the personal maturity of students of secondary vocational education with different levels of emotional intelligence. Research hypothesis: students with a high level of emotional intelligence, in contrast to students with low levels of emotional intelligence, have more developed flexibility of behavior, self-acceptance, The study was conducted in the Republic of Khakassia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It was attended by 170 students of the A. S. Pushkin Minusinsk Pedagogical College and the school of the Olympic reserve, aged 16–20, 92 girls and 78 boys, from 1 to 3 courses. Participants took part in the study on a voluntary basis. The following methods were used: Emotional intelligence test (N. Hall), Personal maturity test questionnaire (Yu.Z. Gilbukh), E. Shostrom's self-actualization test (CAT self-actualization test). The features of personal maturity of students with different levels of emotional intelligence were revealed. Students with a high level of emotional intelligence, compared with students with a low and medium level of EI, have a greater degree of flexibility and spontaneity of behavior. They demonstrate responsible behavior, a trusting attitude towards the world, a predisposition to mutually beneficial and pleasant contacts with other people.
THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT IN THE FORMATION OF THE THEORY OF MIND IN ROMA (GYPSY) CHILDREN
Authors:   University of Silesia, Kyuchukov H.
Published: July 2022

The article presents a study of Roma (Gypsy) children from Bulgaria as a contribution to the development of the Theory of Mind. In two studies (n = 60), so-called Fals Belief Tasks were conducted with children aged 3 to 6. The first survey was conducted with 30 rural children, and the second with 30 urban children living in a big city (capital). In both groups, the children are naturally bilingual, do not attend kindergarten, and in both cases Bulgarian is their second language and is learned at home. In the first study, children were given 4 tests for false beliefs, and in the second, two tests of the same type and two language tests. The purpose of the author was to identify the factors that contribute to the early assimilation of the theory of mind by Roma children and to experimentally establish the extent to which recognition of interrogative sentences with the mental verb “I want” and the grammatical category of evidentiality affects the development of the theory of mind in bilingual Roma children. The results unambiguously show that Roma children who grow up in large Roma families consisting of 2–3 generations acquire the Theory of Mind earlier (at the age of 3–4) compared to English-speaking children, who acquire it only between the ages of 4 and 3.5. The reason for this is that in large Roma families, children hear different registers, all in conversations with children use complex linguistic structures, which turn out to be very important for mastering the Theory of Mind. Unfortunately, the results of the second study did not support the expectation that there would be a statistically significant correlation between interrogative sentences and the category of evidentiality and theory of mind tests. The analysis was carried out using mathematical and statistical methods (t-tests and SPSS).
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL AWARENESS: WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Moscow City University, Milovanova L.A. , Tsybaneva V.A. ,   Moscow City University
Published: July 2022

Today the development of professional standards aimed at teachers of foreign languages and requirements applied to the level of professional competence are both greatly discussed. It is obvious that new approaches are needed in order to form professional courses which focus on enriching language and cultural awareness of school teachers of foreign languages. Following the changes of educational system in general and taking into account the growth of information and communication technologies and their impact on educational teacher-training courses, the digital environment should be considered as the most appropriate for the teachers’ professional development. Defining the learning style of the teachers and analysing the results of some questionnaires, the methodological approaches to the course have been chosen and described as a combination of the leaner-centered approach (for language teachers), communicative approach, Kolb’s learning styles model and digital learning. Some difficulties the language teachers usually face are vocabulary, fluency, in which non-native English teachers are in a disadvantage, grammar and listening and reading skills due to the lack of practice. To meet the language teachers’ expectations some actions such as supplementation the language teachers with appropriate amount of practice of receptive and productive skills, usage of discourse analysis to advance the teachers’ linguistic skills and enlarging their socio-cultural information with the help of texts for reading and listening are to be done. Moreover, the course includes elements of test tasks in the format of tasks of the unified state exam in English, as well as several international exams of the appropriate level. In the process of studying according to the course program, foreign language teachers increase the level of linguistic and cultural competence by working with texts containing material of a linguistic and cultural orientation. The results of final test and evaluation prove the effectiveness of the proposed and further described ideas.
CURRENT ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF REGIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE UPDATED FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARD: IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT
Authors:   Educational Holding RELOD, Ulasevich S.N. , Bulankina N.E. ,   Novosibirsk Institute of Professional Skills Improvement & Vocational Retraining of Education Workers
Published: July 2022

Problem statement concerns the impact of education competence potentially and inherently complex on updating regional professional education of a foreign language teacher. The purpose of the paper is to show how the novel design of additional programs based on education competence is to be implemented into continuing training/learning of a teacher at regional In-Service Teacher Training Institutions. Methodology based on axiology in terms of Knowledge Content, Technology, Pedagogy and Language Didactics aims at renovation of the structure of additional multi-level educational programs within online and off-line sessions. Results reveal the potential of learners’ professional skills set defined as complex of components where existential competence as a priority. The latter means personal attitude of the student to international languages and to his/her educational activity; professional projects of schoolteachers are based on the reflection of the design of the additional programs. In conclusion there present main factors of the potential of education competence for personality development of learners.
DIDACTIC MODEL OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS OF HUMANITIES CLASSES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS BASED ON THE DIALOGUE OF CULTURES
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Dvoryatkina S.N. , Evteev V.S. ,   Bunin Yelets State University
Published: July 2022

The problem of searching for innovative didactic mechanisms and technologies for the development of research competence of schoolchildren in the conditions of interaction of information, humanitarian and mathematical cultures is investigated. The system of developing the research competence of trainees who are profoundly and polyfunctionally mastering educational, research and project activities, enriched with constructs of a new quality, characteristics and forms of becoming a higher level of motivation, creative independence, research thinking and scientific communication, is represented by a structural and functional model. The proposed model of the development of research competence of students of humanities classes in the process of teaching mathematics creates a certain scientific and practical platform for the implementation of the controlled development of the scientific potential of students on the basis of a digitalized dialogue of cultures. The structural components of the process of step-by-step modeling of methodological support of research and project activities of trainees are proposed. Methodological approaches specific to the projected model are identified, a triadic system of principles using the ideas of synergetic is formulated. A feature of the content component of the projected model is the inclusion of structural-functional and procedural-activity modules based on a spiral scheme of deployment and modeling of basic educational elements in the direction of developing the scientific potential of students in teaching mathematics. The effectiveness of the development of research competence is provided by the technological component of the model. The module provides for the possibility of integrating methodological innovations, new digital technologies and interactive learning tools. The specificity of this component of the model is that the principle of unity of educational and technological logic and the principle of interdisciplinarity are implemented. The main results of the implementation of the developed didactic model are the creative level of development of the research competence of schoolchildren, characterizing the formation of systemic knowledge, improvement of operations, forms and mechanisms of thinking, as well as effective development of personal qualities (motivational, intellectual, moral), increased learning in mathematics.
DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE IN MATHEMATICS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF HYBRID INTELLIGENT LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Federal Research Center «Computer Science and Control» of RAS, Druzhinina O.V. , Karpacheva I.A. ,   Bunin Yelets State University, Masina O.N. ,   Bunin Yelets State University, Petrov A.A. ,   Bunin Yelets State University
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the development of methods for the intelligent ranking of the results of knowledge control, taking into account adaptation to the digital format of teaching mathematics. Approaches to learning associated with the use of a hybrid intellectual learning environment are characterized, taking into account the conditions of distance learning. The features of the digital transformation of mathematical education are considered, taking into account the use of methods of intellectual analysis. Methods for intelligent ranking of intermediate results of knowledge control are proposed, taking into account adaptation to the digital format of teaching mathematics. The issues of adapting intelligent learning technologies to the distance form of implementation are considered. The article develops a ranking methodology using the idea of V.P. Bespal'ko about the representation of the structure of human activity in the form of successive levels of assimilation associated with the evolution of the student's experience. The ability to solve problems of various levels of complexity is determined by such levels of assimilation as student, model, heuristic, research. Taking into account this approach, it is possible to use various indicators of students' achievement of one or another level of assimilation of educational material. The necessity of an additional assessment of the activities of students in the conditions of distance learning and establishing the dependence of learning outcomes on procedural aspects is substantiated. Ranking is carried out on the basis of artificial intelligence technologies. To model the educational process, algorithms based on machine learning have been proposed, in particular, a generalized clustering algorithm based on the k-means method has been developed. The developed software is aimed at intellectual evaluation of the results of intermediate knowledge control and at identifying research potential. A series of computational experiments based on a probabilistic model has been carried out, and the interpretation of the results obtained has been given. The proposed models and algorithms are focused on the creation of such a methodology that helps to increase the efficiency of the pedagogical process, and also provides control and assessment of knowledge, taking into account the processes of digital transformation of education. The results of this study are of practical importance for the development of methods for assessing knowledge in mathematical disciplines in distance learning. The results can be used in the tasks of predicting the indicators of the pedagogical process, taking into account its digital transformation.
Analyzing the financial capacities for the Russian economy's development
Authors: SMIRNOV Valerii V.
Published: July 2022

Subject. This article explores the financial possibilities to develop the Russian economy.
Objectives. The article aims to determine the relationship between the financial capacities for the development of the Russian economy and its elements, and the necessary conditions to take full advantage of them.
Methods. For the study, I used a systems approach based on the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analyses.
Results. The article defines the relationship between the financial capabilities of the Russian economy and their elements, and identifies the necessary conditions for their implementation for the further development of the Russian economy.
Conclusions and Relevance. The financial potentialities and opportunities for the development of the Russian economy, manifested in certain complex relations, indicate the optimal position to maintain the positive trend in economic growth to the Russian Federation Government. The study expands the scope of knowledge and develops the competencies of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as the scientific community focused on assessing the possibilities and opportunities for ensuring economic growth.
Characteristics of corporate governance and companies’ investment activity
Authors: VAGIZOVA Venera I. , KOKH Igor' A. , DASHKIN Renat M.
Published: July 2022

Subject. We consider characteristics of corporate governance and determinants of companies' investments.
Objectives. The purpose is to investigate the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and companies’ level of investment activity; to reveal the level of correlation between companies’ investments and selected determinants.
Methods. The study draws on statistical analysis of data, econometric analysis of panel data with fixed or random effects.
Results. Overall corporate investment activity varies across regions and countries and differs in subgroups formed on the basis of age, gender, or ownership criteria. We identified the key determinants of investments, depending on company’s geographic location and characteristics of corporate governance. The findings confirm that the latter plays a significant role in corporate investment activity.
Relevance. This paper contributes to academic literature on investment activity, corporate governance, and other relevant empirical studies on corporate finance. It also discloses problems of geographical and country-level differences of the issue under consideration.
Amyand hernia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Dabbagh Mahmoud , Kada Ali , Bouzroud Mohamed , Aboulfeth El , Bouchentouf Sidi , Kaoui Hakim , Moujahid Mountassir , Bounaim Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Background: Amyand hernia is defined as the presence of an appendix within the hernial sac with or without appendicitis. It is an extremely rare condition seen in approximately 1% of all hernias, whereas associated complications like acute appendicitis, or perforated appendicitis, are even rarer.
Case presentation:We describe a case of a 50-year-old male patient, who presented to the Department of Surgery with an incarcerated right-side inguinal hernia without any signs of ischemic complications. He was admitted and a hernioplasty was performed. As an incidental finding, an Amyand hernia was encountered that was treated without appendectomy and placement of a prosthetic mesh without any complications.
Conclusion: Amyand's hernia is a rare presentation of inguinal hernias and the preoperative diagnosis of Amyand's hernia remains a challenge. CT scan and ultrasonography are helpful for the diagnosis but the definite diagnosis should be made by laparoscopy.
Health professions education during the COVID-19 pandemic in four health colleges and students' psychological well-being: a private university experience
Authors: Abdulghani Hamza , Alballaa Abdulelah , Albishr Norah , Alaqeel Rafeef , Abdulghani Ahmad , Ahmad Tauseef , Marwa Khaldoun
Published: July 2022

Background: The pandemic sent billions of people around the globe to lockdown. Fear of a new epidemic, social isolation, work loss, and increased media coverage, in combination with a lack of awareness and knowledge about the pandemic, had intensified feelings of fear, depression, and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of online teaching, including health professional students' psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study was conducted in four health colleges in Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Students studying medicine and surgery, Pharm D, respiratory therapy, and nursing were included. Kessler-10, a validated psychological distress instrument, was used to measure the psychological well-being. This instrument has been widely used in population-based epidemiological research to evaluate stress levels and was also translated into several languages, including Arabic, to assess the severity of psychological symptoms in population surveys.
Results: The prevalence of stress among female students was significantly higher (2.85 times the moderate level; ~4.0 times the severe level) than for male students (OR = 2.85 and p = 0.001 for moderate stress; OR = 3.94 and p ≤ 0.000 for severe stress) during the pandemic. Moreover, moderate stress was extremely high in fifth-year students (OR = 3.32; p = 0.01) as was severe stress.
Conclusion: Students' psychological well-being was affected due to online learning through a pandemic. Yet, the university provided an optimal online learning system to cope with these challenges. Younger students were more affected than senior students, including those with low IT skills. The study also revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial effect on students' mental health, while trying to optimally function in the educational system.
The unrealistic expectations of CPR success: a comparative public survey of Saudi Arabia and the United States
Authors: Zoghbi Thamer , AlAryni Mohammed , Hamam Anas
Published: July 2022

Background: Success rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in in-hospital cardiac arrest (INCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest OOHCA is reported to be 15% and 3%, respectively. However, people in the general population have high and unrealistic expectations of the success of CPR outcomes. Many studies have attributed these false expectations to be due to misinformation disseminated by the mainstream television media. To this end, we have set to investigate this by performing a survey among the general public of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the general public in the United States (US).
Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out in the general populations of KSA and USA. The US data was collected via an electronic questionnaire delivered on the survey platform SurveyMonkey® and the data was analyzed for the public\'s expectations and the source from which the information was obtained. Statistical analysis was later done to check the impact of TV and medical dramas on the public\'s expectations.
Results: Out of 402 participants in KSA and 346 in the US, the subjects with accurate expectations of CPR outcomes in OOHCA and INCA settings were 11.4% and 14.7%, respectively, in KSA, and 10.7% and 12.7%, respectively in the US. Most subjects thought that CPR would be successful > 50% of the time, and a quarter of those believe that CPR is effective> 90% of the time! subgroup analysis showed no relation between TV dramas and the general public's expectations.
Conclusion: Public's expectations about CPR outcomes for INCA and OOHCA settings were largely unrealistic. Only 11.6% and 13%, respectively, had accurate prognoses and realistic expectations and were not influenced by TV medical dramas.
Reconciling Cognitive Modeling with Knowledge Forgetting: A Continuous Time-aware Neural Network Approach
Authors: Ma Haiping , Wang Jingyuan , Zhu Hengshu , Xia Xin , Zhang Haifeng , Zhang Xingyi , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2022

As an emerging technology of computer-aided education, cognitive modeling aims at discovering the knowledge proficiency or learning ability of students, which can enable a wide range of intelligent educational applications. While considerable efforts have been made in this direction, a long-standing research challenge is how to naturally integrate the forgetting mechanism into the learning process of knowledge concepts. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel Continuous Time based Neural Cognitive Modeling(CT-NCM) approach to integrate the dynamism and continuity of knowledge forgetting into students' learning process modeling in a realistic manner. To be specific, we first adapt the neural Hawkes process with a specially-designed learning event encoding method to model the relationship between knowledge learning and forgetting with continuous time. Then, we propose a learning function with extendable settings to jointly model the change of different knowledge states and their interactions with the exercises at each moment. In this way, CT-NCM can simultaneously predict the future knowledge state and exercise performance of students. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on five real-world datasets with various benchmark methods. The experimental results clearly validate the effectiveness of CT-NCM and show its interpretability in terms of knowledge learning visualization.
Anomaly Detection by Leveraging Incomplete Anomalous Knowledge with Anomaly-Aware Bidirectional GANs
Authors: Tian Bowen , Su Qinliang , Yin Jian
Published: July 2022

The goal of anomaly detection is to identify anomalous samples from normal ones. In this paper, a small number of anomalies are assumed to be available at the training stage, but they are assumed to be collected only from several anomaly types, leaving the majority of anomaly types not represented in the collected anomaly dataset at all. To effectively leverage this kind of incomplete anomalous knowledge represented by the collected anomalies, we propose to learn a probability distribution that can not only model the normal samples, but also guarantee to assign low density values for the collected anomalies. To this end, an anomaly-aware generative adversarial network (GAN) is developed, which, in addition to modeling the normal samples as most GANs do, is able to explicitly avoid assigning probabilities for collected anomalous samples. Moreover, to facilitate the computation of anomaly detection criteria like reconstruction error, the proposed anomaly-aware GAN is designed to be bidirectional, attaching an encoder for the generator. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is able to effectively make use of the incomplete anomalous information, leading to significant performance gains comparing to existing methods.
MEIM: Multi-partition Embedding Interaction Beyond Block Term Format for Efficient and Expressive Link Prediction
Authors: Tran Hung-Nghiep , Takasu Atsuhiro
Published: July 2022

Knowledge graph embedding aims to predict the missing relations between entities in knowledge graphs. Tensor-decomposition-based models, such as ComplEx, provide a good trade-off between efficiency and expressiveness, that is crucial because of the large size of real world knowledge graphs. The recent multi-partition embedding interaction (MEI) model subsumes these models by using the block term tensor format and provides a systematic solution for the trade-off. However, MEI has several drawbacks, some of which carried from its subsumed tensor-decomposition-based models. In this paper, we address these drawbacks and introduce the Multi-partition Embedding Interaction iMproved beyond block term format (MEIM) model, with independent core tensor for ensemble effects and soft orthogonality for max-rank mapping, in addition to multi-partition embedding. MEIM improves expressiveness while still being highly efficient, helping it to outperform strong baselines and achieve state-of-the-art results on difficult link prediction benchmarks using fairly small embedding sizes. The source code is released at https://github.com/tranhungnghiep/MEIM.
FAITH: Few-Shot Graph Classification with Hierarchical Task Graphs
Authors: Wang Song , Dong Yushun , Huang Xiao , Chen Chen , Li Jundong
Published: July 2022

Few-shot graph classification aims at predicting classes for graphs, given limited labeled graphs for each class. To tackle the bottleneck of label scarcity, recent works propose to incorporate few-shot learning frameworks for fast adaptations to graph classes with limited labeled graphs. Specifically, these works propose to accumulate meta-knowledge across diverse meta-training tasks, and then generalize such meta-knowledge to the target task with a disjoint label set. However, existing methods generally ignore task correlations among meta-training tasks while treating them independently. Nevertheless, such task correlations can advance the model generalization to the target task for better classification performance. On the other hand, it remains non-trivial to utilize task correlations due to the complex components in a large number of meta-training tasks. To deal with this, we propose a novel few-shot learning framework FAITH that captures task correlations via constructing a hierarchical task graph at different granularities. Then we further design a loss-based sampling strategy to select tasks with more correlated classes. Moreover, a task-specific classifier is proposed to utilize the learned task correlations for few-shot classification. Extensive experiments on four prevalent few-shot graph classification datasets demonstrate the superiority of FAITH over other state-of-the-art baselines.
Decentralized Unsupervised Learning of Visual Representations
Authors: Wu Yawen , Wang Zhepeng , Zeng Dewen , Li Meng , Shi Yiyu , Hu Jingtong
Published: July 2022

Collaborative learning enables distributed clients to learn a shared model for prediction while keeping the training data local on each client. However, existing collaborative learning methods require fully-labeled data for training, which is inconvenient or sometimes infeasible to obtain due to the high labeling cost and the requirement of expertise. The lack of labels makes collaborative learning impractical in many realistic settings. Self-supervised learning can address this challenge by learning from unlabeled data. Contrastive learning (CL), a self-supervised learning approach, can effectively learn visual representations from unlabeled image data. However, the distributed data collected on clients are usually not independent and identically distributed (non-IID) among clients, and each client may only have few classes of data, which degrades the performance of CL and learned representations. To tackle this problem, we propose a collaborative contrastive learning framework consisting of two approaches: feature fusion and neighborhood matching, by which a unified feature space among clients is learned for better data representations. Feature fusion provides remote features as accurate contrastive information to each client for better local learning. Neighborhood matching further aligns each client’s local features to the remote features such that well-clustered features among clients can be learned. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed framework. It outperforms other methods by 11% on IID data and matches the performance of centralized learning.
Data-Free Adversarial Knowledge Distillation for Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Zhuang Yuanxin , Lyu Lingjuan , Shi Chuan , Yang Carl , Sun Lichao
Published: July 2022

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used in modeling graph structured data, owing to its impressive performance in a wide range of practical applications. Recently, knowledge distillation (KD) for GNNs has enabled remarkable progress in graph model compression and knowledge transfer. However, most of the existing KD methods require a large volume of real data, which are not readily available in practice, and may preclude their applicability in scenarios where the teacher model is trained on rare or hard to acquire datasets. To address this problem, we propose the first end-to-end framework for data-free adversarial knowledge distillation on graph structured data (DFAD-GNN). To be specific, our DFAD-GNN employs a generative adversarial network, which mainly consists of three components: a pre-trained teacher model and a student model are regarded as two discriminators, and a generator is utilized for deriving training graphs to distill knowledge from the teacher model into the student model. Extensive experiments on various benchmark models and six representative datasets demonstrate that our DFAD-GNN significantly surpasses state-of-the-art data-free baselines in the graph classification task.
Forming Effective Human-AI Teams: Building Machine Learning Models that Complement the Capabilities of Multiple Experts
Authors: Hemmer Patrick , Schellhammer Sebastian , Vössing Michael , Jakubik Johannes , Satzger Gerhard
Published: July 2022

Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly being used in application domains that often involve working together with human experts. In this context, it can be advantageous to defer certain instances to a single human expert when they are difficult to predict for the ML model. While previous work has focused on scenarios with one distinct human expert, in many real-world situations several human experts with varying capabilities may be available. In this work, we propose an approach that trains a classification model to complement the capabilities of multiple human experts. By jointly training the classifier together with an allocation system, the classifier learns to accurately predict those instances that are difficult for the human experts, while the allocation system learns to pass each instance to the most suitable team member—either the classifier or one of the human experts. We evaluate our proposed approach in multiple experiments on public datasets with “synthetic” experts and a real-world medical dataset annotated by multiple radiologists. Our approach outperforms prior work and is more accurate than the best human expert or a classifier. Furthermore, it is flexibly adaptable to teams of varying sizes and different levels of expert diversity.