bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O papel das aceleradoras para o desenvolvimento das startups e do empreendedorismo no Brasil
Authors: Garcia Arcentales John Jairo , Machado Borges Sena Priscila , Camelo de Araujo Nelma
Published: August 2021

Introdução: As aceleradoras de startups têm um papel fundamental no ecossistema de empreendedorismo, permitindo formas diferentes de desenvolver novos produtos e serviços, por meio da inovação. Nesta pesquisa o objetivo foi analisar as startups apresentadas no site startupbase.com, mapeando a influência delas no cenário brasileiro. Método: A partir de pesquisa exploratória descritiva, com análise qualitativa dos dados, foram analisadas 13.297 startups. Resultado:  nove startups analisadas são unicórnios com investimentos de mais de nove bilhões em cinco anos na economia brasileira (2015-2020). Conclusão: Percebeu-se que por meio da inovação, produtos e serviços foram dinamizados, sendo a mecanização de processos o primeiro passo utilizado pelas novas empresas emergentes, mas nem todos os processos de mecanização levam à criação de tecnologia. Para que isso ocorra, é necessário o uso de ferramentas corretas e a disponibilização de informações estratégicas para mudanças adequadas.
Medindo o Brasil a partir do espaço: tecnologias de big data e inteligência artificial
Authors: Ferreira Karine Reis , Queiroz Gilberto Ribeiro de
Published: August 2021

A Dr.ª Karine Reis Ferreira e o Dr. Gilberto Ribeiro de Queiroz respondem questões sobre o projeto de pesquisa Brazil Data Cube, sua finalidade, impacto e relação com inteligência artificial e big data.
Inteligência artificial em sistemas de justiça: uma percepção baseada no Brasil
Authors: Bermejo Paulo Henrique S.
Published: August 2021

O Dr. Paulo Henrique de Souza. Bermejo responde questões sobre inteligência artificial em sistemas de justiça a partir de uma perspectiva brasileira.
n. 38 - A ORGANIZAÇÃO E AÇÃO DO MOVIMENTO EMPRESARIAL TODOS PELA EDUCAÇÃO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Uczak Lucia Hugo , Bernardi Liane Maria
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas discussões sobre como o movimento empresarial Todos pela Educação – TPE - tem se articulado, no ano de 2020, enquanto movimento de classe e sua ação junto à organização de políticas educacionais nesse período de pandemia. O presente estudo explora evidências dessa ação a partir das Notas Técnicas sobre ensino a distância na educação básica e retorno às aulas presenciais frente à pandemia da COVID-19 divulgadas pelo movimento. Aborda, nesse sentido, sua ação na elaboração da política de financiamento do novo Fundo de Manutenção da Educação Básica - Fundeb, a partir do documento Educação Já, destacando sua atuação junto ao Congresso Nacional. Fontes bibliográficas e de pesquisa documental evidenciam que o movimento empresarial Todos pela Educação, representante do setor privado mercantil, logo após a suspensão das aulas presenciais, rapidamente se reorganizou e chamou para si a liderança e a coordenação das políticas educacionais, buscando construir, na opinião pública, o consenso da garantia dos direitos de aprendizagem e, ao mesmo tempo, ampliando a ação do mercado na educação pública brasileira, tanto na proposição quanto na implantação de políticas direcionadas ao avanço da Educação a Distância e no financiamento da educação
n. 39 - O SISTEMA DE ENSINO APRENDE BRASIL E O PROCESSO DE PRIVATIZAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Lumertz Juliana Selau
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a entrada do setor privado na educação e como ele redefine o setor público intervindo nas políticas e práticas educacionais. Será apresentada a relação público-privada entre o Sistema de Ensino Aprende Brasil (SEAB) do Grupo Positivo e a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Gravataí / RS, debatendo os processos de privatização. As políticas sociais são atingidas fortemente pelas políticas neoliberais e os processos de privatização se consolidam. Na educação eles aparecem com diferentes contornos: ora surge como uma parceria entre público e o privado, com a rede de ensino ou diretamente com as escolas, em que a iniciativa privada assume a responsabilidade pela gestão e/ou pelo pedagógico da escola. Ora aparece vendendo serviços educacionais e tecnologias para as escolas públicas, fornecendo proposta de conteúdo e execução para o setor público. A lógica privatista implica retrocesso para a democracia na educação pública e o papel da escola é de fundamental importância na construção de uma sociedade democrática. É o caso do Sistema de Ensino Aprende Brasil do Grupo Positivo no município de Gravataí/RS. O currículo escolar passa a ser definido por meio do sistema apostilado de ensino em que o município o paga para adquirir.
n. 35 - APRESENTAÇÃO DOSSIÊ TEMÁTICO A RELAÇÃO PÚBLICO-PRIVADA DA EDUCAÇÃO NA AMÉRICA LATINA: APONTAMENTOS DE UMA PESQUISA
Authors: Pires Daniela De Oliveira
Published: August 2021

Apresentação Dossiê temático "A relação público-privada da educação na América Latina: apontamentos de uma pesquisa"
Limites ao acesso de autoridades públicas a big data: evolução legislativa e governança regulatória
Authors: Ragazzo Carlos Emmanuel Joppert , Baleroni Marina Rodrigues Cyrino , Leite Junior Douglas Wilson Marostica
Published: August 2021

Com o aumento da utilização de plataformas de distribuição de conteúdo pela internet (conhecidas como over the top ou OTTs) em diversos setores no Brasil, um volume cada vez mais considerável de dados vem sendo armazenado por empresas de tecnologia, havendo, ainda, pouco consenso sobre condições de repasse desses dados às autoridades públicas em atendimento a solicitações ou mesmo em parcerias realizadas entre agentes públicos e privados. Diante desse cenário, este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre os limites do poder público no acesso às informações privadas de indivíduos, especialmente quanto a big data. Para tanto, analisa-se a evolução dos pedidos de dados apresentados por governos a particulares e o contexto em que tais solicitações se operam. Expõem-se, também, os riscos associados ao tratamento de dados pessoais pelo poder público, além dos marcos regulatórios aplicáveis. O resultado da análise indica as tendências dos ciclos de acesso a dados pelo governo. Por fim, conclui-se que o poder público não deve estar autorizado a solicitar dados pessoais se não houver meios de comprovar que possui capacidade técnica para realizar o tratamento das informações recebidas e armazená-las com segurança, garantindo-lhes confidencialidade.
A objetificação sexista da mulher nas relações de consumo à luz da teoria feminista de MacKinnon
Authors: Verbicaro Dennis , Homci Janaina Vieira
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar, à luz da teoria feminista de Catharine MacKinnon, como a cultura de dominação/submissão da sociedade patriarcal exerce influência nas relações de consumo e na pornografia. Tal cultura significa a objetificação da mulher, transformando-a em mero ser vinculado à sexualidade para satisfação de desejos masculinos, e leva à natural aceitação da perspectiva dominação/submissão em todos os aspectos da vida em sociedade e a reflexos nas relações consumeristas, havendo desrespeito a diversos princípios, como o da igualdade e o de reconhecimento da mulher como sujeito de direito. Ressalta-se que essa caracterização, tanto nas relações consumeristas, quanto na pornografia, expõe a mulher a dano coletivo, ensejando medidas de proteção – seja pelo Estado, seja pela conscientização ante maior participação cívica feminina. Nesse contexto, primeiro será feita uma análise da sociedade patriarcal e sexista e de como ambas influenciam as relações de consumo. Após, analisar-se-á a teoria feminista de Catharine MacKinnon e a estrutura social de poder, sob enfoque da sexualidade, para, então, realizar-se um estudo comparativo entre pornografia, como concretização da coisificação da mulher, e relações consumeristas sexistas. Esta pesquisa possui natureza exploratória e se utiliza de referencial nacional e estrangeiro.
A utilização de bancos de perfis genéticos para fins criminais: antigos e novos dilemas no cenário da necropolítica brasileira
Authors: Borges Clara Maria Roman , Nascimento Deise Dos Santos
Published: August 2021

Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada para verificar se as alterações impostas pela Lei nº 13.964/2019, em relação à utilização dos bancos de perfis genéticos para fins criminais, possibilitaram a superação dos antigos dilemas sobre essa temática, debatidos há alguns anos pelos estudiosos do direito no Brasil, e se enfrentaram os novos dilemas, discutidos em outros países, os quais questionam a sua adoção como ferramenta de combate ao crime. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica teórico-narrativa, analisa-se a possível perpetuação das violações constitucionais decorrentes da utilização de bancos de perfis genéticos na nova legislação, examina-se de forma crítica a justificativa de eficácia desses bancos na solução de crimes, apresentada oficialmente para sua adoção pelo sistema de justiça criminal brasileiro, e exploram-se questionamentos que ainda podem surgir ante o uso da prova de DNA para fins de persecução criminal no Brasil. Além disso, reflete-se, de forma ensaística, como a utilização dos bancos de perfis genéticos pode incrementar a necropolítica reproduzida pelo sistema penal brasileiro. Conclui-se que a nova legislação radicalizou as violações constitucionais decorrentes da utilização do uso dos bancos de perfis genéticos para fins criminais, sem mesmo ter comprovado a sua eficácia, e não apresentou respostas para dilemas enfrentados por outros países que utilizam tal ferramenta probatória, assim continuando a alimentar a circularidade de pessoas negras e pobres nos cárceres, deixando-as ainda mais vulneráveis à morte.
Da efetividade decisória à transformação social: o investimento institucional em coordenação, monitoramento e transparência como peça-chave para a modernização da prestação jurisdicional
Authors: Mattos Karina Denari Gomes de , Valle Vanice Regina Lírio do
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho intenciona demonstrar que, para aperfeiçoar seu papel institucional no século XXI, o Poder Judiciário precisa dedicar maior esforço institucional à prestação de contas e à accountability decisória. Três focos de ação complementares são necessários: i) ampliação de iniciativas interinstitucionais estratégicas (coordenação), ii) construção de mecanismos de monitoramento decisório capazes de contemplar a sociedade civil (monitoramento) e iii) viabilização de um amplo acesso à informação a respeito desses dados e iniciativas (transparência). Pelo uso da metodologia de análise do Direito Constitucional comparado, conclui-se que o Poder Judiciário brasileiro reúne condições institucionais e as ferramentas operacionais para promover tais inovações, a partir do incremento estratégico e tecnológico de iniciativas já conduzidas pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). Ressalta-se aqui a importância de uma política judiciária brasileira que olhe para o momento pós-decisório, a partir da incorporação de boas práticas de outros países, as quais possam orientar a maior inserção desse tema de pesquisa no Brasil e na América Latina.
Pengetahuan Wanita Usia 45-55 Tahun Tentang Menopause Di Desa Huta Koje Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Tenggara Kota Padangsidimpuan Tahun 2020
Authors: Harahap Siti Arafah Julianty , Hasibuan Ade Puspa
Published: August 2021

Menopause merupakan suatu fase alamiah yang akan dialami oleh setiap wanita yang biasanya terjadi diatas usia 40 tahun. Wanita dikatakan Menopause  bila siklus menstruasinya telah berhenti 1 bulan. Berhentinya haid tersebut akan membawa dampak pada konsekuensinya kesehatan,baik fisik maupun psikis. Perubahan paling banyak terjadi pada wanita karena pada proses menua terjadi suatu fase yaitu fase menopause. Sebelum terjadi fase menopause biasanya didahului dengan fase premenopause dimana fase premenopause ini terjadi peralihan dari masa subur menuju masa tidak adanya pembuahan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengetahuan Wanita Usia 45-55 Tahun Tentang Menopause Di Desa Huta Koje Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Tenggara Kota Padangsidimpuan.Dapat diukur dengan 3 kategori yaitu pengetahuan baik, cukup, dan kurang.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif dengan menggunakan kuesioner tentang karakteristik berdasarkan pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan sumber informasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 46 wanita  sebagai sampel yang diambil dari tehnik door to door. Hasil penelitian ini disajikan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Dari hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pengetahuan responden berpengetahuan baik 3 orang (7%), berpengetahuan cukup 19 orang (41%), berpengetahuan kurang 24 orang (52%). Maka disimpulkan bahwa Pengetahuan Wanita Usia 45-55 Tahun Tentang Menopause Di Desa Huta Koje Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Tenggara Kota Padangsidimpuan Tahun 2020 mayoritas pengetahuannya Kurang.
Implementation of the Feed and Swaddle Technique as a Non-Pharmacological Strategy to Conduct Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Yoo Yeong Myong , Park Ji Eun , Park Moon Sung , Lee Jang Hoon
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for evaluating brain injury and maturation in preterm infants and often requires sedation to acquire images of sufficient quality. Infant sedation is often associated with adverse events, despite extreme precautions. In this study, the swaddling technique was investigated as an alternative non-pharmacological strategy to obtain brain MRIs of sufficient quality.Methods: We applied the feed and swaddle technique during routine brain MRI as a quality improvement project and compared its morbidity with that of sedation in a historic age-matched group. Seventy-nine very low birth weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit of Ajou University Hospital (Suwon, Korea) were enrolled. Thirty-two (40.5%) infants were in the feed and swaddling group, and 47 (59.5%) were in the sedation group.Results: The morbidity associated with the cardiopulmonary system (swaddling group vs. sedation group: 53.13% [n=17] vs. 63.83% [n=30], P=0.723) and central nervous system (40.63% [n=13] vs. 29.79% [n=14], P=0.217) were not significantly different between groups. The MRI failure rate was not significantly different (swaddling group vs. sedation group: 12.5% [n=4] vs. 4.3% [n=2], P=0.174). The MRI scanning time was longer in the swaddling group than in the sedation group (76.5±20.3 minutes vs. 61.5±13.6 minutes, P=0.001). Cardiopulmonary adverse events were significantly less common in the swaddling group than in the sedation group (3.13% [n=1] vs. 34.04% [n=16], P=0.002).Conclusion: The success rate of MRI was comparable between the swaddling technique and sedation. Furthermore, despite the drawback of prolonged scan time, cardiopulmonary adverse events are fewer with swaddling than with sedative agents. Therefore, swaddling can be an alternative to sedation or anesthesia when performing neonatal MRI scans.
Targeting Risk Factors for the Control of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Single Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Jeong Jiyoon , Kwun Yoojin , Kim Min-ju , Choi Sang-Ho , Jung Euiseok , Lee Byong Sop , Kim Ki-Soo , Kim Ellen Ai-Rhan
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of targeting risk factors for the control of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) among high-risk infants in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: Infants admitted to the NICU and diagnosed with CLABSI from January to December 2013 were eligible for inclusion to the study. The CLABSI group (n=47) was matched in a 1:2 ratio to the control group (n=94) based on gestational age, birth weight, and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II. Risk factors for CLABSI were identified using the Cox proportional hazard model, and analysis of the effect of these risk factors targeting infection control was performed.Results: The risk factors associated with CLABSI were prolonged central line dwell days (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.028; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.011 to 1.045; P=0.001), use of a silicone catheter (adjusted HR, 5.895; 95% CI, 1.893 to 18.355; P=0.002), surgical treatment (adjusted HR, 3.793; 95% CI, 1.467 to 9.805; P=0.006), and less probiotic supplementation (adjusted HR, 0.254; 95% CI, 0.068 to 0.949; P=0.042). By targeting these risk factors with a quality improvement initiative, the mean CLABSI incidence rate per 1,000 catheter-days decreased from 6.6 to 3.1 (P=0.004).Conclusion: Targeting risk factors for infection control significantly reduced the rate of CLABSI among high-risk infants in the NICU.
A Case-Control Study on the Predictors of Neonatal Near-Miss: Implications for Public Health Policy and Practice
Authors: Johnson Avita Rose , Sunny Sobin , Nikitha Ramola , Thimmaiah Sulekha , Rao Suman P. N.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Neonatal near miss (NNM) allows for the detection of risk factors associated with serious newborn complications and death, the prevention of which could reduce neonatal mortality. This study was conducted with the objective of identifying predictors for NNM in a tertiary hospital in Bangalore city.Methods: This was an unmatched case-control study involving 120 NNM cases and 120 controls. NNM was determined using Pileggi-Castro’s pragmatic and management criteria. Data was collected from in-patient hospital records and interviews of postpartum mothers. Multiple logistic regression of exposure variables was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Significant predictors were maternal age ≥30 years (AOR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.12 to 9.29; P=0.041), inadequate antenatal care (ANC) (AOR, 8.35; 95% CI, 1.98 to 51.12; P=0.032), <3 ultrasound scans during pregnancy (AOR, 12.5; 95% CI, 1.60 to 97.27; P=0.016), maternal anaemia (AOR, 18.96; 95% CI, 3.10 to 116.02; P=0.001), and any one obstetric complication (hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, diabetes in pregnancy, preterm premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labour, obstructed labour, malpresentation) (AOR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.26 to 14.95; P=0.02).Conclusion: The predictors of NNM identified has important implications for public health policy and practice whose modifications can improve NNM. These include expanding essential ANC package to include ultrasound scans, ensuring World Health Organization recommendations of eight ANC visits, capacity building at all levels of health care to strengthen routine ANC and obstetric care for effective screening, referral and management of obstetric complications.
Trends and Characteristics of Mortality Associated with Congenital Anomalies in Korean Children under 5 Years of Age
Authors: Kim Soo Bin , Jang Min Jung , Song Young Hwa , Jung Seung Yeon , Oh Jun Suk , Lim Jae Woo
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Studies have been conducted on the prevalence and infant mortality rate of congenital anomalies; however, studies on child mortality are rare. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics of deaths associated with congenital anomalies among children born in Korea who died within 5 years of age.Methods: Birth-to-death cohort linked data of children under the age of 5 years from 2010 to 2013, and statistical data on the cause of death by age from 1999 to 2019, both provided by the Korea National Statistical Office's Microdata Integrated Service, were retrospectively investigated. We investigated the trends and characteristics of mortality associated with congenital anomalies.Results: Among 1,858,945 children, 6,510 children who died were under 5 years of age, and among them, 1,229 deaths were associated with congenital anomalies, while 5,281 deaths were due to other causes. Deaths associated with congenital anomalies accounted for 18.9% of all deaths. When comparing congenital anomalies by systems, anomalies of the cardiovascular system (52.6%) were the most common. The mortality rate associated with congenital anomalies and those of other causes showed similar declining trends in 21 years.Conclusion: The mortality rate of congenital anomalies during the first 5 years of life did not increase differently from the prevalence of congenital anomalies but rather decreased. Deaths associated with congenital anomalies accounted for 20.5% of all infant deaths and 12.1% of child deaths, since the major causes of death in infants and children are slightly different, continuous and careful monitoring is required.
DigiMango: A Digital Postharvest Evaluation Tool on Mango Fruit
Authors: Ilisan Dhally , Simbajon Louie , Mata Gia Lorraine , Ybañez Dessa Grace
Published: August 2021

Mango is one of the most important fruits in the Philippines, with the Carabao variety being the most widely grown dominating the export market. However, the production of Carabao mangoes for export has dropped due to insect pests and diseases, resulting in serious postharvest decay. Anthracnose is the most common of these diseases. DigiMango is a mobile application that identifies the severity of anthracnose in Carabao mangoes during postharvest. The application offers to quantitatively evaluate the development of spot-like lesions on the surface of the mango and produce disease ratings. However, because this application is created for use in laboratory conditions, the mangoes used in the planning and testing were already pre-evaluated and the diseases pre-identified, with the applicationâ€™s sole purpose providing convenience and objective rating evaluations to the researchers. The application was able to map the lesions by capturing the four sides of the mango using the smartphoneâ€™s camera and converted the process using a combination of the following: cannyedge detection, morphological transformation, contour approximation, and a thresholding algorithm. After thorough evaluation of the application, the study has proven that the use of the DigiMango application is acceptable and positively correlated with the expertsâ€™ rating. Any difference with the hedonic scales used by the researchers is not statistically significant.
Fusarium Heart Rot: First Report on Pineapple in South Cotabato and Davao City, Philippines
Authors: Dionio Belly , Bacoba Carlo Jun , Puig Cecirly , Ramos Fernan Rhean
Published: August 2021

Pineapple is among the major export commodities in the Philippines. A species of Fusarium was found for the first time to be consistently associated with diseased leaves collected from MD2 â€˜Super Sweetâ€™ pineapple plantations in South Cotabato and Davao City. Test of proof of pathogenicity of the fungus following Kochâ€™s postulates and bioassay test of FosetylAl products against the fungus were conducted. For the bioassay, the treatments used were the following: 1) untreated; 2) Fosetyl-Al, Brand X at 2.25 and 5g/L water; 3) Fosetyl-Al, Brand Y at 2.25 and 5g/L water; and 4) Fosetyl-Al, Brand Z at 2.25 and 5g/L water. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications at three plates per replicate. The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance and treatment means were compared using Tukeyâ€™s Honest Significant Difference. Symptoms of the disease included lesions, which later turned into brown, necrotic tissues at the base of infected pineapple leaves, while advanced symptoms showed infected tissues with dark brown to black margins, later dried up and became soft-rotted. The fungus produced cottony white aerial mycelia on the cut surface of the tissues planted on Potato Sugar Agar (PSA) medium. Mycelia were hyaline and septated. Macro-conidia were single-celled, slightly curved, and sickle-shaped with three or more septates. Pure cultures turned light purple after eight days of incubation in full strength PSA. Chlamydospores formed after two months of incubation. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Fusarium sp. Bioassay results showed that Fosetyl-Al Brand X and Z at 5.0 g/L water significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium sp. infecting pineapple leaves from 97.9 to 100%, respectively, after 9 days of incubation.
Confirmatory Factors Analysis Practice Level and Guidelines for Developing Teachers' Performance Standards and Conduct Standards
Authors: Phusee-orn Songsak
Published: August 2021

The objectives of this research are 1) to analyze the confirmatory factors performance standards and conduct standards of teachers who have been certified through the Teachers' Council of Professional Knowledge Standards training 2) to study the level of compliance with performance standards and conduct standards, and 3) to study the development guidelines according to performance standards and conduct standards. The samples consisted of 348 persons who passed the teachers' professional knowledge training standard of the Teachers Council of Thailand by Multi-Stage Random Sampling. The instruments used to collect data are: quality-validated questionnaires from experts and try out before use. Analyze data with Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis, S.D., and Content Analysis. The results of the research were as follows: 1) The second-order confirmatory factors analysis on performance standards showed that the model was consistent with the empirical data. It shows that the performance standard consisted of 12 factors. In terms of conduct standards, it found that the model was consistent with the empirical data additionally. It showed that the standard of conduct consisted of 5 factors. 2) Compliance with overall performance standards is at a high level and conduct standards are at a very high level. 3) There are seven development guidelines according to performance standards and six guidelines for development according to the conduct standards which the experts have approved.
A Study on Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Shabnaz Samia , Islam Nazrul
Published: August 2021

Entrepreneurial intention is the function of motives and barriers encountered by the university students during their studies. As the unemployment rate among the university graduates is the highest in Bangladesh, the research focused on university students with the aim to predict their entrepreneurial behaviors. Previous studies identified different environmental contexts of the countries have different influence on the perception regarding motives and barriers of entrepreneurial intention of the students. Hence, to stimulate the development of entrepreneurship, it is important to uncover university student’s perceptions regarding the motives and barriers to develop entrepreneurship and their influences on entrepreneurial intention of the graduates. To conduct the research, the primary data were collected from 398 business students using simple random sampling method through self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic profiles of the respondents. A multivariate statistical technique like Factor Analysis was used to identify the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and Regression Analysis was used to predict the significant impact factors. It is evident in the study that the driving factors like autonomy and market opportunity has significant positive impact whereas barriers like financial and government support, lack of skills has significant negative impact on the student’s entrepreneurial intentions. This paper will assist the policy makers, educational institutions and researchers to develop several implementable strategies like enterprise education, liberal tax system, financial and regulatory support to promote entrepreneurship in a developing country like Bangladesh.
Systematizing ICT Education Curriculum for Developing Computational Thinking: Case Studies of Curricula in the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Kusaka Satoshi
Published: August 2021

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) education has been actively implemented around the world recently. ICT curriculum in schools is intended to improve students’ programming-oriented thinking rather than to train them as programmers. The core of ICT education is ‘computational thinking’. Computational thinking is taking an approach to solving problems, designing systems and understanding human behaviour that draws on concepts. Various countries try to develop ICT curriculum based on this concept. However, unlike traditional subjects, the ICT curriculum has yet to create a unified structure. This research sheds light on the characteristics of ICT education curricula by comparing and contrasting curricula in the United Kingdom (UK), the United States and Australia. Finally, a common framework is proposed on the basis of the discussion. Furthermore, while ICT education is often addressed solely from the standpoint of science and technology, a social science perspective is needed. Therefore, the importance of social science in ICT education will also be clarified.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NARRATIVE DISCOURSE PATTERNS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH EARLY STAGE
VASCULAR DEMENTIA VS. PATIENTS WITH EARLY STAGE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Gawron Natalia , Łojek Emilia , Hintze Beata , Egbert Anna Rita
Published: August 2021

Individuals in the early stages of dementia may demonstrate language difficulties. The aim of the study was an evaluation of the differences in narrative discourse abilities across two types of dementia, i.e., Vascular Dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in comparison to the young and old elderly.

The AD and VaD groups displayed a lower performance than the age-matched YE on tasks involving reasoning. The VaD partici- pants outperformed patients with AD in verbal memory and narrative discourse. Discourse macrostructure analyses showed that the VaD reproduced more propositions than did the AD participants, but that these were comparable to YE and OE. There were more conjunctions in narratives reproduced by the VaD participants as compared to other groups, although this tendency was only present in the story but not in fairy tale reproductions themselves. Individ- uals in the AD group had more difficulties than YE and OE individuals in figuring out the moral of fairy tales. Clinical and control groups reproduced the microstructure and superstructure of texts comparatively well. Discourse recall correlated with performance on verbal memory, attention/working memory, and reasoning.

Differences in narrative discourse abilities were found. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients scored lower in verbal memory than did Vascular Dementia (VaD) patients. Both groups however obtained lower results than the young and old elderly.
Antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites isolated from Ficus aurata (Miq.) fruits
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Andriani Yosie , Nurhamidah Nurhamidah ,   Undergraduate School of Chemistry Education, University of Bengkulu, Lutfi Lutfi ,   Graduate School of Science Education, University of Bengkulu, Suryati Suryati ,   Departemen of Chemistry, University of Andalas
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to isolate chemical constituents from ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions of Ficus aurata (Miq.) fruits and investigated their antibacterial activities. Chemical constituents were separated by using vacuum column chromatography, gravity column chromatography, and thin layer chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1) and β-sitosterol (2) were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, and NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT). While, antibacterial activity was done by assay using Resazurin Microtiter Assay method. These 2 compounds reported as new constituents from F. aurata fruit. In addition, analysis of the bioassay showed that compound 1 had a notable antibacterial activity against gram negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATTC 27853), and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureusATCC 23235) with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 0.1563 µg/mL, and it indicated the same MIC as cefadroxil (positive control). Compound 2 has weak antibacterial activity compared to cefadroxil (positive control). The results found that Ficus aurata (Miq.) fruits metabolites have antibacterial activity and show potency as antibacterial agent. Different kinds of bacteria and assay could be needed to investigate and support its antibacterial activity in the future.
Mitragynine: A review of its extraction, identification, and purification methods
Authors:   UNSW Canberra, Al Muqarrabun Laode Muhammad Ramadhan , Amrianto Amrianto ,   School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Published: August 2021

Mitragynine is one of the dominant alkaloids presents in the Mitragyna speciosa which possesses several pharmacological properties such as antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. Studies have reported various methods in extracting mitragynine, both conventional and renewable technology combined with acid-base techniques for the enrichment and purification of mitragynine from the extract of M. speciosa. Several chromatography and spectroscopy instruments such as HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS, and NMR have been used to identify mitragynine and its content in both the extract and fraction mixtures. In this review, we aim to provide insight on how the methods of extraction, purification, and identification of mitragynine have been developed over the last few decades. This report also shows comparison among the various approaches in extracting mitragynine and points out the facts that different methods gave different yields of the compound.
Ursodeoxycholic acid: a systematic review on the chemical and biochemical properties, biosynthesis, sources and pharmacological activities
Authors:   Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Raunsai Marlin Megalestin , Elfahmi Elfahmi ,   School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Chahyadi Agus ,   University Center of Excellence for Nutraceuticals, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Bandumg Institute of Technology, Suhandono Sony ,   School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Kristianti Tati ,   Institut Pendidikan Indonesia, Al Muqarrabun Laode M.R. ,   University Center of Excellence for Nutraceuticals, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Bandung Institute of Technology
Published: August 2021

Background: Background: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a secondary bile acid, is an acidic steroid synthesized from cholesterol in hepatocytes. UDCA is widely used for the treatment of various diseases related to liver injury. The use of UDCA to treat non-liver diseases has also been developed recently, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and obesity. Due to the important role of UDCA on human health, numerous studies in understanding its chemical and pharmacological properties have been published. Methods: Literature sources were obtained from online databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed using keywords relating to the purpose of study. Critical analysis and review were performed for all literatures. Results: UDCA is a steroid compound with pharmacological properties. Seventeen enzymes are involved in its biosynthesis, which has been proposed in four pathways: classic, alternative, the Yamazaki, and 25-hydroxylation pathways. UDCA can be isolated from bovine bile, bear bile or all Ursidae, human, rabbit, cow, rat, hamster, sheep, pig, and plant. UDCA has been used in the treatment of several diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, hepatolithiasis associated with Caroli syndrome gallstones, cystic fibrosis, hepatitis C virus, chronic heart failure, neurodegenerative diseases, and obesity, as well as in the prevention of cancer. Conclusion: UDCA has a wide range of the pharmacological properties. Further investigations on its efficacy and safety on humans are required before it could be used for several indications. All genes which are responsible for UDCA biosynthesis have been elucidated. That said, further genetic engineering studies in order to find other prospective sources of UDCA could be a challenge for the future research.
Von der Möglichkeit des moralischen Subjektivismus. Eine Untersuchung zum Einstellungscharakter von Moral und Religion
Authors: Córdoba Michael Oliva
Published: August 2021

Moral subjectivism is commonly associated with out-of-favour theories like, e.g., Alfred Ayer’s emotivism or John Mackie’s error theory. This paper approaches the field against the background of the attitudinal character of morality and religion. The possibility of a brand of moral subjectivism is established which is common to Ayer’s and Mackie’s theories in name only but seems to have considerable merits. The perspective from action theory and the philosophy of mind suggests that the problem of moral obligation, central to moral philosophy, is more convincingly dealt with by subjectivism than by its rivals: In contrast to realism or even relativism (with which subjectivism often gets confused), subjectivism can help to explain the peculiarities of obligation without forcing us to disregard the parallel problem in the field of religion. This finding calls into question the rationale for, as well as the success of, central assumptions in ontology and semantics which the realist so freely hands out in order to make his point: If religious facts and the truth-aptness of religious judgements will not explain religious obligation, moral facts and the truth-aptness of moral judgements will not help the moral realist either. So, unless we do not wish to simply cast the problem of moral obligation aside, in future, moral subjectivism must be seriously considered as a worthwhile position in its own right.
Arbeitnehmerentsendungen im internationalen Ertragsteuerrecht
Authors: Willner Tobias
Published: August 2021

Secondments form an essential link between domestic and foreign group companies. Thus, the taxation of secondments affects both the employee and employer as well as several tax jurisdictions. This results in a considerable complexity of the taxation of secondments, which in turn creates various tax risks for all parties involved. The thesis systematically presents the taxation consequences of secondments, embeds them in an overarching economic and legal framework, and critically evaluates various norms of national tax law and treaty law.
Role of DYSF Genetic Variant in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report
Authors: Malek Hadis , Shahrokhabadi Khadijeh , Ghavami Saeid , Taheri Mohsen , Ghayoor Karimiani Ehsan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Muscular dystrophy is a hereditary degenerative muscle disease which progressively reduces the strength of the muscles that control movement. In this study, we tried to investigate genetic variants in muscular dystrophy using sequencing of whole exons. Case Presentation: A family with two affected patients with muscular dystrophy was referred for genetic counseling followed by exome sequencing testing on the proband. After filling out informed consent, blood samples were obtained from each available family member. Candidate genetic variant was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Conclusions: Exome data analysis revealed a variant of c.2864 + 1G > A in the proband, which altered the exon-intron 26 splice site within the DYSF gene. Genetic changes in this gene are known to be associated with muscular disorders, such as limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and other dysferlinopathies. Assessment of this genetic variant in the patient's sister also showed homozygous variant. Since the patient's sister was married to her cousin, the same variant was tested in her husband, which was normal homozygous. NGS-based techniques, including whole-exome sequencing, can identify the molecular genetic basis of the disease in families with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. The results can be helpful in identifying potential carriers in the family and in prenatal diagnosis to the families involved.
The Relationship Between Hope and Received Information About Cancer Among Women with Breast Cancer: A Descriptive-Correlational Study
Authors: Ehsani Maryam , Ashghali Farahani Mansoureh , Haghani Shima , Negari Fatemeh
Published: August 2021

Background: In Western culture, information about different aspects of cancer is directly provided to the individual, but in Eastern culture, health professionals and families do not prefer to inform the patient from diagnosis, treatment, test results, causes of the disease, and the effect of treatment on sexual intercourse in front of patients in order to maintain their hope. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the relationship between hope and received information about cancer (RIAC) among patients with breast cancer. Methods: Using a descriptive-correlational design, this study was conducted from July to December 2019 on 200. Patients with breast cancer were consecutively recruited from 2 hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The participants completed a demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Information module (EORTC QLQ-INFO25), and the Herth hope index. Results: The response rate was 100% and participants’ mean age was 49.0 ± 10.33. The mean scores of participants’ RIAC and hope were 40.17 ± 11.52 (in the possible range of 0 - 100) and 36.77 ± 4.61 (in the possible range of 12 - 48), respectively. The mean score of hope had significant positive relationships with the mean score of RIAC (r = 0.305; P < 0.001), and educational level (P = 0.004). Moreover, the mean score of RIAC had a significant positive relationship with educational level (0.049). Conclusions: Greater RIAC is associated with greater hope among patients with breast cancer. Therefore, healthcare providers need to establish effective communication with these patients and provide them with necessary education and information in order to promote their engagement in care plans, improve their self-efficacy, and boost their hope.
“Quem tornou masculino o corpo infantil do menino?”: Infância, Arte e Educação
Authors: Baliscei João Paulo
Published: August 2021

Dentre tantas fotos minhas, há uma de 1998, que aciona memórias de minha infância e da maneira como me constitui masculino. Quase duas décadas depois desse registro fotográfico, decidi recuperar essa foto e transformar seus significados a partir da arte. Com este artigo, tenho como objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre meus processos de criação artística, que atuam na (trans) formação de significados de afetos às masculinidades. Elaborei uma pesquisa com metodologia de Pesquisa em Arte e com respaldo teórico nos Estudos Culturais da Cultura Visual e das Masculinidades. Ao todo, comentei sobre seis produções artísticas de minha autoria. Argumentei como a condição de professor-pesquisador-artista pode ser propulsora para a (trans) formação de memórias.
As crianças e suas fabulações
Authors: Carvalho Janete Magalhães , Gonçalves Camilla Borini Vazzoler
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, discute-se a brincadeira das crianças como processos não padronizáveis, visto que, em movimentos criativos, inventam tanto brinquedos como brincadeiras inusitadas nos centros de educação infantil. Problematiza-se, assim, os modos pelos quais as crianças atualizam o plano da virtualidade, abrindo-se para outros mundos a serem habitados. Como estratégia metodológica, adota-se a pesquisa cartográfica, acompanhando processos ocorridos no cotidiano escolar. Ao longo desta investigação, argumenta-se que o fabular envolve ‘artistagens’ e encontros entre corpos, deslocando o pensamento ordinário para o extraordinário. Conclui-se que as crianças, ao fabularem, estimulam outros modos de existir e (re)existir na vida devido a sua força inventiva.
SÓ AS ARTES NOS SALVAM!!!!! – as tantas crianças que há em nós –
Authors: Guimarães Alves Nilda , Da Silva Lima Júlia , Rodrigues Conceição Rafaela , Malheiros Gregorio Talita
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo resulta dos estudos com os cotidianos, como ‘espaçostempos’ possíveis para encontros diversos com as artes, possibilitando narrativas, afetos e criações a partir das muitas redes educativas que formamos e que nos formam. As redes de ‘práticasteorias’ da criação e uso das artes nos faz compreender os tantos ‘dentrofora’ das escolas, nos ajudando a perceber os modos como são criados os ‘conhecimentossignificações’ necessários ao viver cotidiano, seja neste período pandêmico ou não, nas escolas reais ou virtuais. As memórias em contato com o cinema nos trazem a compreensão dessas infâncias tão diferentes produzidas no mundo. Ao entendermos as ‘cineconversas’ como metodologia e lócus central dos processos de pesquisa em nosso grupo, objetivamos pensar as múltiplas memórias-narrativas produzidas ao ‘verouvirsentirpensar’ o processo dialógico com os filmes como provocadores de sentimentos e sensações e possibilidade de estar perto dos ‘fazeressaberes’ e narrativas de todos os ‘praticantespensantes’ das pesquisas.
LITERATURA E CAMINHADA: PROBLEMAS DE MEDIAÇÃO DE LEITURA
Authors: PAZ Demétrio Alves , THIMÓTEO Saulo Gomes , BERNED Pablo Lemos
Published: August 2021

Este texto propõe-se a discutir a importância da mediação no processo de formação de leitores no ambiente escolar e os benefícios que podem derivar do hábito da leitura. Nesta perspectiva, cabe ao professor um papel fundamental de promover o acesso às mais variadas expressões da literatura às novas gerações e fomentar um debate permanente na sala de aula a partir da prática da leitura compartilhada. A valorização da leitura oferece a descoberta e redescoberta de textos em que cada leitor pode se apropriar e moldar o modo de perceber a si mesmo e ao mundo em sua volta.
Phenomenology, psychopathology and phenomenological psychopathology
Authors: Jerotić Stefan , Pantović-Stefanović Maja
Published: August 2021

The observation, description and definition of the structure of psychopathological phenomena make up the foundation of clinical psychiatry. Phenomenology can be defined as a group of philosophical principles that are dedicated to the systematic analysis of consciousness and its objects. Phenomenological psychopathology is the application of phenomenological principles to psychopathology. The goal of phenomenological psychopathology is to make explicit the subtle structures of pathological experience. Thus, the use of the phenomenological method enables us to disclose the indistinct or neglected psychopathological phenomena. It allows us to systematically construct a psychopathological taxonomy. This paper defines and summarizes the following topics: (1) phenomenology as a set of philosophical doctrines; (2) phenomenological psychopathology and its application in clinical work; (3) the significance of Karl Jaspers for phenomenological psychopathology and psychiatry; (4) contemporary trajectories of phenomenological psychopathology. A comprehensive understanding of the concept of phenomenological psychopathology is a prerequisite for the precise understanding of the subjective experience of the psychiatric patient.