bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Mechanotransduction Ion Channel Candidate Nanchung-Inactive in Auditory Transduction in an Insect Ear
Authors: Warren Ben , Matheson Tom
Published: March 2018

Insect auditory receivers provide an excellent comparative resource to understand general principles of auditory transduction, but analysis of the electrophysiological properties of the auditory neurons has been hampered by their tiny size and inaccessibility. Here we pioneer patch-clamp recordings from the auditory neurons of Müller's organ of the desert locustSchistocerca gregariato characterize dendritic spikes, axonal spikes, and the transduction current. We demonstrate that dendritic spikes, elicited by sound stimuli, trigger axonal spikes, and that both types are sodium and voltage dependent and blocked by TTX. Spontaneous discrete depolarizations summate upon acoustic stimulation to produce a graded transduction potential that in turn elicits the dendritic spikes. The transduction current of Group III neurons of Müller's organ, which are broadly tuned to 3 kHz, is blocked by three ion channel blockers (FM1-43, streptomycin, and 2-APB) that are known to block mechanotransduction channels. We investigated the contribution of the candidate mechanotransduction ion channel Nanchung-Inactive—which is expressed in Müller's organ—to the transduction current. A specific agonist of Nanchung-Inactive, pymetrozine, eliminates the sound-evoked transduction current while inducing a tonic depolarizing current of comparable amplitude. The Nanchung-Inactive ion channels, therefore, have the required conductance to carry the entire transduction current, and sound stimulation appears not to open any additional channels. The application of three mechanotransduction ion channel blockers prevented the pymetrozine-induced depolarizing current. This implies that either Nanchung-Inactive is, or forms part of, the mechanotransduction ion channel or it amplifies a relatively small current (<30 pA) produced by another mechanotransduction ion channel such as NompC.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mechanically activated ion channel underpinning hearing is not known. We have pioneered intracellular patch-clamp recordings from locust auditory neurons to unravel the role of the candidate mechanotransduction ion channel Nanchung-Inactive in auditory transduction in insects.
Time Dilation Caused by Oddball Serial Position and Pitch Deviancy
Authors: Ali Nazari Mohammad , Ebneabbasi Amir , Jalalkamali Hoda , Grondin Simon
Published: March 2018

When a deviant stimulus is presented within a stream of homogeneous stimuli, its duration tends to be overestimated. Two experiments investigated the effects of oddball serial position and pitch deviancy on perceived duration. In Experiment 1, the oddball method was used, in which an oddball stimulus is embedded in a series of standard stimuli and randomly positioned in each trial. In Experiment 2, the oddball position was stable and its deviancy varied from trial to trial. Musician and nonmusician participants were asked to judge whether the comparison interval was shorter or longer than the standards. The study indicates that for nonmusicians, the duration of an oddball stimulus appears longer than the repeated standard stimuli. Moreover, the oddballs occurring in later positions in the stream of stimuli are perceived to be longer than oddballs occurring in earlier positions in the stream. Also, a higher degree of oddball deviancy results in a greater dilation of perceived duration. In contrast with the results of nonmusicians, there is neither a position nor a deviancy effect with musician participants; the subjective duration remains constant. Several explanations are discussed in order to account for these group differences.
Psychophysiological Responses to “Happy” and “Sad” Music
Authors: Bullack Antje , Büdenbender Niklas , Roden Ingo , Kreutz Gunter
Published: March 2018

Lundqvist, Carlsson, Hilmersson, and Juslin (2009) presented evidence of differential autonomic emotional responses to “happy” and “sad” music in healthy adult listeners. The present study sought to replicate and extend these findings by employing a similar research design and measurement instruments. Therefore, we used instrumental film music instead of vocal music, and assessed listeners’ music expertise. The present results show similarities and differences in patterns of psychological and physiological responses as compared to the previous work. Happy music evoked more happiness, higher skin conductance level, higher respiratory rate, and more zygomatic facial muscle activity than sad music, whereas sad music generated higher corrugator muscle activity than happy music. Influences of music sophistication as well as of sex were negligible. Taken together, these results further support the hypothesis that music induces differential autonomic emotional responses in healthy listeners. They also highlight the importance of replication or multi-site studies to strengthen the empirical basis of fundamental issues in music psychological research.
METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is predictive of visceral adiposity and incident type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen , Almeda-Valdes Paloma , Gomez-Velasco Donaji , Viveros-Ruiz Tannia , Cruz-Bautista Ivette , Romo-Romo Alonso , Sánchez-Lázaro Daniel , Meza-Oviedo Dushan , Vargas-Vázquez Arsenio , Campos Olimpia Arellano , Sevilla-González Magdalena del Rocío , Martagón Alexandro J , Hernández Liliana Muñoz , Mehta Roopa , Caballeros-Barragán César Rodolfo , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
Published: March 2018

Objective

We developed a novel non-insulin-based fasting score to evaluate insulin sensitivity validated against the euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC). We also evaluated its correlation with ectopic fact accumulation and its capacity to predict incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Design and methods

The discovery sample was composed by 125 subjects (57 without and 68 with T2D) that underwent an EHC. We defined METS-IR as Ln((2*G0)+TG0)*BMI)/(Ln(HDL-c)) (G0: fasting glucose, TG0: fasting triglycerides, BMI: body mass index, HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and compared its diagnostic performance against the M-value adjusted by fat-free mass (MFFM) obtained by an EHC. METS-IR was validated in a sample with EHC data, a sample with modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) data and a large cohort against HOMA-IR. We evaluated the correlation of the score with intrahepatic and intrapancreatic fat measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Subsequently, we evaluated its ability to predict incident T2D cases in a prospective validation cohort of 6144 subjects.

Results

METS-IR demonstrated the better correlation with the MFFM (ρ = −0.622,P < 0.001) and diagnostic performance to detect impaired insulin sensitivity compared to both EHC (AUC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78–0.90) and the SI index obtained from the FSIVGTT (AUC: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53–0.81). METS-IR significantly correlated with intravisceral, intrahepatic and intrapancreatic fat and fasting insulin levels (P < 0.001). After a two-year follow-up, subjects with METS-IR in the highest quartile (>50.39) had the highest adjusted risk to develop T2D (HR: 3.91, 95% CI: 2.25–6.81). Furthermore, subjects with incident T2D had higher baseline METS-IR compared to healthy controls (50.2 ± 10.2 vs 44.7 ± 9.2,P < 0.001).

Conclusion

METS-IR is a novel score to evaluate cardiometabolic risk in healthy and at-risk subjects and a promising tool for screening of insulin sensitivity.
40 YEARS OF IGF1: IGF1 receptor signaling pathways
Authors: Hakuno Fumihiko , Takahashi Shin-Ichiro
Published: March 2018

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) bind specifically to the IGF1 receptor on the cell surface of targeted tissues. Ligand binding to the α subunit of the receptor leads to a conformational change in the β subunit, resulting in the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Activated receptor phosphorylates several substrates, including insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and Src homology collagen (SHC). Phosphotyrosine residues in these substrates are recognized by certain Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing signaling molecules. These include, for example, an 85 kDa regulatory subunit (p85) of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), growth factor receptor-bound 2 (GRB2) and SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2/Syp). These bindings lead to the activation of downstream signaling pathways, PI 3-kinase pathway and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway. Activation of these signaling pathways is known to be required for the induction of various bioactivities of IGFs, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival. In this review, the well-established IGF1 receptor signaling pathways required for the induction of various bioactivities of IGFs are introduced. In addition, we will discuss how IGF signals are modulated by the other extracellular stimuli or by themselves based on our studies.
Estudio morfológico del páncreas en alpacas (Vicugna pacos) jóvenes y adultas
Authors: Panesi A. Gianmarco , Chávez R. Alexander , Navarrete Z. Miluska , Sandoval C. Nieves , Sato S. Alberto , Santos R. Francisco
Published: March 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una caracterización morfológica del páncreas de alpacas jóvenes (n=9) y adultas (n=5). Para el estudio macroscópico se observó el páncreas in situ reconociendo su forma y relación con otros órganos. Para el estudio microscópico se realizaron cortes histológicos de 5 μm de espesor tiñendo las láminas con hematoxilina de Mayer-Eosina y tricrómico de Masson. El páncreas se divide en tres secciones: cuerpo, lóbulo derecho y lóbulo izquierdo. El lóbulo izquierdo se extiende hacia el plano izquierdo llegando a colindar con el bazo y en mayor proporción al colon descendente. El conducto hepatopancreático presentó dos orígenes: uno donde el conducto hepático se introduce en el parénquima pancreático y lo abandona por el lóbulo derecho como conducto hepatopancreático, y otro donde el conducto pancreático se une con el hepático al emerger del lóbulo derecho para formar el conducto hepatopancreático. En la microscopía se apreció que el parénquima pancreático se encuentra rodeado por una fina capa de tejido conectivo formada en su mayoría por fibras colágenas, que se invaginan dentro del parénquima formando lóbulos y pseudolóbulos, así como células con forma piramidal acomodadas en forma de acinos. Dentro del parénquima se observaron los islotes de Langerhans distribuidos al azar. Los conductos intralobulares e interlobulares se encuentran conformados por epitelio cubico simple, y el conducto hepatopancreático está conformado por una extensa mucosa irregular tapizada de epitelio columnar con microvellosidades. Se concluye que el páncreas de la alpaca muestra diferencias morfológicas con otras especies como rumiantes, herbívoros y carnívoros domésticos.
Resistencia antimicrobiana y genotipificación de cepas de Salmonella Typhimurium aisladas de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) provenientes de granjas de producción intensiva de la ciudad de Lima, Perú
Authors: Salvatierra R. Guillermo , Rimac B. Rocío , Chero O. Ana , Reyna W. Iván , Rosadio A. Raúl , Maturrano H. Lenin
Published: March 2018

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar 20 cepas de Salmonella enterica a nivel molecular y de resistencia antimicrobiana. De estas, 15 fueron obtenidas de cuyes infectados y cinco de cuyes clínicamente sanos, procedentes de dos centros de producción intensiva ubicados en Lima, Perú. Mediante una técnica de PCR múltiple se detectaron los genes invA, prot6E y fliC, correspondientes al género Salmonella y serovares Enteritidis y Typhimurium, respectivamente. Se detectó la variabilidad genética mediante la técnica BOX-PCR utilizando el primer BOXA1R. La resistencia fue evaluada utilizando la técnica de Kirby Bauer en base a eritromicina, nitrofurantoína, estreptomicina, penicilina, enrofloxacina, fosfomicina, amoxicilina con ácido clavulánico, sulfatrimetoprim y ciprofloxacina. Se determinó la serovariedad Typhimurium en el 100% de los aislados. La evaluación de los perfiles electroforéticos obtenidos por la técnica de BOX-PCR demostró alta homogeneidad, con patrones de bandas de ADN similares. Se detectaron cepas resistentes a eritromicina 60% (12/20), nitrofurantoína 40% (8/20), estreptomicina 30% (6/ 20), penicilina 25% (5/20), y enrofloxacina 10% (2/20). La detección de cepas resistentes puede ocasionar problemas en el tratamiento de salmonelosis en cuyes y la presencia de un solo grupo genético sugiere una dispersión clonal.
Ensilado de residuos de trucha en la alimentación de ovinos de engorde
Authors: Parisuaña Callata Juan , Churacutipa Mamani Marisol , Salas Alberto , Barriga Sánchez Maritza , Araníbar Marcelino
Published: March 2018

Se determinó el efecto del nivel de inclusión de ensilado de residuos de trucha (ERT) en la ración de ovinos sobre el consumo medio diario (CMD), la ganancia media diaria (GMD), el índice de conversión alimenticia (ICA) y el sabor de la carne de ovinos. Se distribuyeron 30 ovinos en tres tratamientos (0, 4 y 8% de ERT), considerando 5 réplicas por tratamiento. Al final del experimento (84 días) los ovinos fueron beneficiados y se realizó la prueba de degustación de la carne. Los resultados indicaron que el nivel más alto de ERT en la ración redujo el CMD (2.08, 2.01 vs. 1.65 kg/día para 0, 4 y 8% de ERT, respectivamente, p<0.001) y la GMD (0.25, 0.28 vs 0.23 kg/día, p<0.03), mientras que el ICA mejoró (8.49 vs 7.28, 7.07 kg:kg, p<0.001). Además, la inclusión de ERT no afectó el sabor de la carne de ovino. Se concluye que el ERT en las raciones de engorde de ovinos mejora el rendimiento productivo sin afectar el sabor de la carne.
Revisión sobre aspectos farmacológicos a considerar para el uso de antibióticos en la camaronicultura
Authors: Varela-Mejías Alexander , Alfaro-Mora Ramsés
Published: March 2018

La incidencia de enfermedades infecciosas en camarones ha incrementado el uso de antibióticos como parte de la respuesta de los productores, buscando reducir las pérdidas causadas por los brotes bacterianos. Estos tratamientos carecen, muchas veces, de los conocimientos sobre las propiedades farmacológicas de los productos. Se presentan por ello, datos referentes a estas propiedades para la oxitetraciclina en camarones, al ser uno de los antibióticos de mayor uso, además de datos sobre otros antibióticos.
Cultivo comercial de camarones Litopenaeus vannamei en Costa Rica durante el niño 2015: incidencia de enfermedades
Authors: Valverde-Moya José A. , Varela-Mejías Alexander
Published: March 2018

Se estudiaron los rendimientos de producción del camarón Litopenaeus vannamei en estanques del Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica, para evaluar el efecto de las enfermedades diagnosticadas durante el fenómeno de El Niño 2015. Se utilizaron dos sistemas de cultivo: tres ciclos cortos (CC) al año en fincas con baja incidencia de enfermedades y dos ciclos largos (CL) al año en las fincas más afectadas con episodios de altas mortalidades. La sobrevivencia fue menor en aquellas con 2 CL (35.3 ± 3.2%) con respecto a las de 3 CC (63.1 ± 3.2%). Se registró una relación inversa entre el peso promedio alcanzado a la cosecha y la densidad final de cultivo (20.3 ± 0.8 g en 2 CL y 15.2 ± 1.6 g en 3 CC) y una compensación en el crecimiento (1.29 ± 0.12 y 1.08 ± 0.10 g/semana en 2 CL y 3 CC, respectivamente). La producción final fue directamente proporcional a la sobrevivencia con un promedio de 717 ± 8 kg/ha en 2 CL y de 941 ± 53 kg/ha en 3 CC. La productividad se redujo prácticamente a la mitad en 2 CL (1434 kg/ha*año) con respecto a 3 CC (2823 kg/ ha*año). No se encontró un beneficio en la productividad al mantener los cultivos para lograr tallas más grandes con los sobrevivientes luego de eventos de mortalidad severas.
Caracterización de lesiones en columna vertebral mediante tomografía computarizada en canes de Lima, Perú
Authors: Shimose C. Patricia , Salinas C. Eben
Published: March 2018

El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar, mediante tomografía computarizada, lesiones en columna vertebral en canes. Los diagnósticos tomográficos fueron relacionados con las características demográficas de cada can en estudio (sexo, tamaño, raza y edad). Se evaluaron 79 diagnósticos tomográficos realizados entre junio de 2010 y julio de 2014. Los resultados indicaron mayor frecuencia de lesiones en canes machos de raza definida, tamaño mediano y en el estrato etario de 4-7 años. Se obtuvieron 22 diagnósticos tomográficos, siendo los más frecuentes la hernia discal medial (32.8%, 26/79) y la calcificación laminar del saco dural (11.4%, 9/79). Se identificaron 115 lesiones en columna vertebral, siendo más afectada la región lumbar (48.7%, 56/115). A nivel de los espacios intervertebrales, la región torácica T12-T13 presentó el mayor número de lesiones (14%, 16/115), especialmente discopatías.
Mobile Phone Incentives for Childhood Immunizations in Rural India
Authors: Seth Rajeev , Akinboyo Ibukunoluwa , Chhabra Ankur , Qaiyum Yawar , Shet Anita , Gupte Nikhil , Jain Ajay K. , Jain Sanjay K.
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Young children in resource-poor settings remain inadequately immunized. We evaluated the role of compliance-linked incentives versus mobile phone messaging to improve childhood immunizations.

METHODS:

Children aged ≤24 months from a rural community in India were randomly assigned to either a control group or 1 of 2 study groups. A cloud-based, biometric-linked software platform was used for positive identification, record keeping for all groups, and delivery of automated mobile phone reminders with or without compliance-linked incentives (Indian rupee Rs30 or US dollar $0.50 of phone talk time) for the study groups. Immunization coverage was analyzed by using multivariable Poisson regression.

RESULTS:

Between July 11, 2016, and July 20, 2017, 608 children were randomly assigned to the study groups. Five hundred and forty-nine (90.3%) children fulfilled eligibility criteria, with a median age of 5 months; 51.4% were girls, 83.6% of their mothers had no schooling, and they were in the study for a median duration of 292 days. Median immunization coverage at enrollment was 33% in all groups and increased to 41.7% (interquartile range [IQR]: 23.1%–69.2%), 40.1% (IQR: 30.8%–69.2%), and 50.0% (IQR: 30.8%–76.9%) by the end of the study in the control group, the group with mobile phone reminders, and the compliance-linked incentives group, respectively. The administration of compliance-linked incentives was independently associated with improvement in immunization coverage and a modest increase in timeliness of immunizations.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compliance-linked incentives are an important intervention for improving the coverage and timeliness of immunizations in young children in resource-poor settings.
Desigualdad en México bajo el enfoque de una Economía de Mercado Jerárquica (EMJ)
Authors: Villafuerte Valdés Luis Fernando , Carrera Mora Oscar Yahevh , Rodríguez Parada Adolfo
Published: March 2018

En este artículo, a través del enfoque de Economía de Mercado Jerárquica (EMJ), se hace unanálisis contextual y descriptivo sobre dos de las cinco esferas que conforman está noción de Variedades de Capitalismo (VoC). Buscando determinar cómo esas esferas de relaciones laborales y capacitación y educación se complementan negativamente, intensificando la desigualdad económica que genera ingresos dispares y menores oportunidades de crecimiento intelectual para la población. Obteniendo como hallazgo que, este modelo de capitalismo favorece esquemas de excesiva flexibilidad laboral que se puede constatar con el bajo índice de salario mínimo, la falta de protección al empleo y la baja capacitación que reciben los trabajadores en México.
El óptimo paretiano y los teoremas fundamentales del bienestar social: una revisión crítica
Authors: Bustamante Torres Jorge
Published: March 2018

En el presente se hace una revisión crítica de los teoremas fundamentales del bienestar, referentes de la política pública, esto con el objetivo de mostrar la inoperatividad práctica de la teoría y los problemas internos no resueltos (parece que la teoría se encuentra en un callejón sin salida). Para ello se hace un análisis de las condiciones y supuestos del equilibrio competitivo-Pareto óptimo, como de su significado e implicaciones en términos de eficiencia y equidad. Se retoma el debate que surge del teorema de la imposibilidad de Arrow respecto a los supuestos sobre las preferencias. individuales y la construcción de una función de bienestar social. Finalmente, se examinan lasposiciones críticas sobre la aplicación de los teoremas del bienestar a la realidad; en específico, lateoría del segundo mejor y la visión de una economía dinámica
Revisión de metodologías para la construcción de Matrices de Contabilidad Social Regionales (MCSR)
Authors: Angel Juan Pablo , García Diego , Maldonado Norman
Published: March 2018

La presente revisión de literatura tiene como objetivo presentar una descripción de las metodologías más empleadas para la construcción de Matrices de Contabilidad Social Regionales, haciendo énfasis en la elaboración de Modelos de Equilibrio General con características espaciales. Finalmente, se concluye analizando la factibilidad de la construcción de dichos modelos en el ámbito colombiano.
LA AGENDA RELIGIOSA-CONSERVADORA EN EL DISCURSO POLÍTICO DURANTE LA CAMPAÑA ELECTORAL EN COSTA RICA (2013-2014)
Authors: Díaz González José Andrés
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo analiza la agenda religiosa-conservadora en el discurso político durantela campaña electoral nacional en Costa Rica (2013-2014). Para ello se estudia lo establecidoen los Programas de Gobierno de los partidos políticos que aspiran a la Presidencia dela República, así como lo expresado en los debates políticos televisados por los principalesaspirantes a la Presidencia. Se concluye que la agenda religiosa-conservadora no jugó unpapel predominante en el discurso político-electoral, sin embargo, sigue siendo importantecomo estrategia discursiva para tratar de captar votos y atacar a los oponentes políticos.
SER-PARA-OTROS: MUJERES QUE INTRODUCEN DROGA A CÁRCELES COSTARRICENSES
Authors: Bermúdez Castillo Andrea
Published: March 2018

Este artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva feminista, la subjetividad y la experiencia demujeres que han introducido droga a los centros penitenciarios para abastecer a compañerossentimentales, hijos o hermanos. En este sentido, las entrevistas realizadas a lasprivadas de libertad muestran que la maternidad y el amor romántico, en tanto elementosidentitarios, son clave para entender esta problemática en una cultura donde ellas se constituyencomo seres-para-otros.
DEPORTE, SOCIABILIDAD E IDENTIDADES EN NICARAGUA (1901-1924)
Authors: Urbina Gaitán Chester
Published: March 2018

Hacia finales del siglo xix, Nicaragua se vinculaba en forma estable al sistema económicomundial, lo cual permitió la llegada de nuevos productos y prácticas culturales, entreellas el deporte. En este sentido, el objetivo central de este artículo es analizar el papel deldeporte en la sociabilidad de los sectores sociales nicaragüenses, el papel del Estado y de laIglesia católica en el control social y la promoción de esta actividad, así como, las identidadesque promovió y reforzó el deporte durante los años 1901-1924. Para este análisis setomaron en cuenta los principales periódicos de circulación nacional y el Diario Oficial.Entre las principales conclusiones, se recalca el béisbol como el deporte que más rápidamentese identificó con la población nicaragüense debido a que empezó a perder su carácterclasista y la población trabajadora empezó a tomar participación en su práctica.
Az epeutak ritka anatómiai variánsa − A jobb ductus hepaticus intraparenchymalis csatlakozása a bal oldali ductus hepaticusba
Authors: Gál Adrián Róbert , Kalmár-Nagy Károly , Fincsur András , Horváth Örs Péter , Vereczkei András
Published: March 2018

Absztrakt:

A szerzők egy 67 éves férfi beteg esetét ismertetik, akinél előzőleg a máj II.
szegmentumában képalkotó vizsgálatokkal igazolt térfoglalás miatt II, III
szegment teljes és a IV. szegment részleges eltávolítását végezték. Műtét utáni
icterus jelent meg, emelkedő tendenciát mutató szérum bilirubin koncentrációval.
Képalkotó vizsgálatok elvégzése után reoperatiora került sor. A műtét alatt
derült fény a ritka epeúti variánsra. A primér műtétnél a rezekció során
lekötésre került a jobb oldali ductus hepaticus, ami intraparenchimálisan ömlött
a bal oldali ductus hepaticusba. Az érintetlenül hagyott hílusban nem tűnt fel a
jobb extrahepaticus epeút hiánya. Az epeelvezetés Roux-Y-kaccsal végzett
hepatico jejunostomiával került megoldásra.
Validated method to determine (±)-gossypol in Candida tropicalis culture by high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Cheng Chen , Cun-Xi Nie , Jing Liang , Yong-Qiang Wang , Yan-Feng Liu , Wen-Xia Ge , Wen-Ju Zhang
Published: March 2018

A validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed to analyze the (±)-gossypol in the selection of strains of Candida tropicalis culture. Since gossypol was easily degraded and oxidized, the addition of antioxidant NADPH-Na4 and acetone extraction was chosen to prevent gossypol degradation and gradient elution assay was applied to obtain gossypol resolution. Concentrations of gossypol in C. tropicalis ZD-3 culture 20 μg/mL were determined, and concentration–time profiles were observed. Linearity of the gossypol standard curve by HPLC area method was ranged from 0.1 to 20 μg/mL with Y = 26.954 × X − 29.547, R2 = 0.9991, and n = 3, with limit of detection (LOD) of 50 ng/mL and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 500 ng/mL. The recovery rate is dose-dependent and ranged from 85.3% to 103.5%. It is a rapid and reliable HPLC method for gossypol quantization in microorganism culture which could be applied in solid fermentation in the feed industry.
Determination of polyoxin B in cucumber and soil using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a modified QuEChERS method
Authors: Song Shiming , Chen Zhaojie , Wei Jie , Lei Yuhao , Deng Cheng , Tan Huihua , Li Xuesheng
Published: March 2018

A sensitive and effective method based on a modified QuECHERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of polyoxin B in cucumber and soil using liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed and validated. Samples were extracted using 1% formic acid in ultrapure water and purified via reversed-dispersive solid phase extraction (r-dSPE) using C18. Recovery of polyoxin B ranged from 83.0% to 112.1% with relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 5) of 3.0–5.2%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.01 and 0.003 mg/kg for cucumber and soil, respectively. The method was subsequently applied for real sample analysis. The dissipation experiments showed that half-lives of polyoxin B in cucumber and soil were 2.5–5.0 days. The terminal residues of polyoxin B at preharvest intervals (PHIs) of 3 days and 5 days in cucumber were less than 0.05 mg/kg. We therefore suggest that the developed method can be extrapolated to other agricultural crops or food for routine analysis. It also can be used to determine the PHIs. Moreover, these results will aid in establishing the maximum residue limit (MRL) for cucumber in China.
PEMANFAATAN DATA PENGINDERAAN JAUH RESOLUSI TINGGI UNTUK PEMETAAN TAMBAK DI KECAMATAN UJUNG PANGKAH, GRESIK
Authors: Financia Gusmawati Niken , Andayani Ariani , Mu’awanah Umi
Published: March 2018

Budidaya  air  payau,  terutama  bandeng,  telah  dikenal  sejak  tahun  1400-an  dengan  menggunakan  sistem  tradisional. Peningkatan  kebutuhan  protein  hewani  membuat  teknologi  budidaya  berkembang  dan  lahan  produksi  semakin  luas. Untuk  mendukung  produksi  perikanan  yang  lestari,  maka  pengumpulan  informasi  dan  pendataan  kawasan  tambak merupakan hal yang sangat penting. Citra satelit resolusi tinggi yang diintegrasikan dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)  dapat  digunakan  untuk  pemantauan  lahan  tambak.  Bersama  dengan  pemetaan  partisipatif  oleh  berbagai pemangku kepentingan, maka batas lahan tambak, permasalahan yang terdapat dalam kawasan budidaya tambak dan kemungkinan solusinya dapat diidentifikasi. Pemetaan Partisipatif-SIG (P-SIG) dapat menjadi metode yang tepat untuk menggalang partisipasi para pemangku kepentingan dan menangkap informasi baru di kawasan tambak Ujung Pangkah,Kabupaten Gresik  seperti rendahnya kualitas air, terjadinya penyakit udang dan kematian massal udang, harga benih bandeng  yang  mahal,  fluktuasi  harga  jual  bandeng,  perubahan  lahan,  saluran  air/irigasi  tambak  yang  dangkal  dan sempit, dll. Selain itu, metode ini juga dapat memfasilitasi peserta untuk membuat keputusan manajemen pesisir yang lebih baik, seperti penentuan lokasi prioritas rehabilitasi saluran air/irigasi tambak, lokasi prioritas perlindungan pantai ataupun  verifikasi  data  luasan  tambak  dengan  surat  izin  usaha  budidaya  ikan.  Namun,  metode  P-SIG  membutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam prosesnya, serta membutuhkan banyak sumberdaya.
TINJAUAN ASPEK KLIMATOLOGI (ENSO DAN IOD) DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI GARAM INDONESIA
Authors: Bramawanto Rikha , Abida Rizal Fadlan
Published: March 2018

Indonesia yang berada pada wilayah pertemuan Samudera Pasifik dan Samudera India sangat  terpengaruh oleh dinamika iklim dan cuaca yang disebabkan oleh adanya ENSO dan IOD. Pengaruh ENSO dan IOD terhadap produksi garam di Indonesia masih belum banyak dikaji. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian literature yang menyandingkan data ENSO dan DOI dengan curah hujan dan produksi garam. Kejadian El Nino kuat bersamaan dengan IOD positif mengakibatkan musim kemarau panjang sehingga panen garam berlangsung lebih lama dan meningkat kuantitasnya, seperti yang terjadi pada tahun 1997 dan 2015. Sebaliknya kejadian La Nina bersamaan dengan IOD negative mengakibatkan musim kemarau basah sehingga terjadi gagal panen garam, sebagaimana yang terjadi pada 2010 dan 2016. Jika terjadi El Nino sangat kuat bersamaan dengan IOD positif, maka perlu diwaspadai ketika terjadi kecenderungan berubah menjadi La Nina secara drastis apalagi bersamaan dengan fase IOD negative di tahun berikutnya. Pemahaman terhadap pola siklus ENSO dan IOD dapat menjadi upaya mitigasi dari risiko gagal panen garam serta menjadi dasar bagi pengambil kebijakan untuk menjaga sufficiency stok garam dalam periode tertentu.
ASSESSING GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY USING GALDIT METHOD (CASE STUDY: PADEMAWU SALT POND AREA, MADURA-INDONESIA)
Authors: Gemilang Wisnu Arya , Kusumah Gunardi , Wisha Ulung Jantama
Published: March 2018

Groundwater quality pollution in the Pademawu coastal area is very alarming. The major problem is landuse overlapping between salt pond and settlement area which influences environment degradation enhancement. One of negative impacts is groundwater vulnerability in the salt pond area. The salt content enhancement affects some wells become saline around the settlement area which proves the environment degradation has occurred. This study has aim to determine the groundwater vulnerability level in Pademawu coastal area. We employed GALDIT method to assess the groundwater vulnerability level by which calculates the six GALDIT parameters such as groundwater occurrence aquifer type, hydraulic conductivity, level above mean sea level, distance from coast, impact of existing intrusion and aquifer thickness. We divided the groundwater vulnerability into 3 classes, which are high, moderate, and low vulnerability. The sensitivity analysis result shows that the distance between groundwater source and the coast (D) has reached 74 % which tremendously influences the groundwater vulnerability level. The high level of vulnerability is found in the area near the coast and salt pond which deteriorated towards north. The limitation of groundwater utilization and salt pond area in Pademawu coastal area is one of the precise ways declining the intrusion of sea water to the groundwater quality condition.
Risk-Aversion or Ethical Responsibility?
Authors: Jacobs Stephen , Apperley Alan
Published: March 2018

Ethics seems to be of increasing concern for researchers in Higher Education Institutes and funding bodies demand ever more transparent and robust ethics procedures. While we agree that an ethical approach to fieldwork in religion is critical, we take issue with the approach that ethics committees and reviews adopt in assessing the ethicality of proposed research projects. We identify that the approach to research ethics is informed by consequentialism – the consequences of actions, and Kantianism – the idea of duty. These two ethical paradigms are amenable to the prevailing audit culture of HE. We argue that these ethical paradigms, while might be apposite for bio-medical research, are not appropriate for fieldwork in religion. However, because ethics should be a crucial consideration for all research, it is necessary to identify a different approach to ethical issues arising in ethnographic research. We suggest that a virtue ethics approach – concerned with character – is much more consistent with the situated, relational and ongoing nature of ethnographic research.
Other Ethical Approval
Authors: Ahmed Abdul-Azim
Published: March 2018

The researcher, in carrying the name of the institution, is bound to an ethical standard of behaviour; standards which are maintained through ethical approval that researchers must obtain from their departments before conducting research. There exists another form of ethical approval a fieldworker must obtain, that of their research participants. This Other Ethical Approval is often related to access; a participant must consider the researcher to have integrity in order to allow them the privileged insight into their own lives and behaviours. The article outlines and explores this secondary ethical approval derived from the author’s experience of conducting research as a doctoral student. It is argued that being attentive and conscious of the ethical standards of the research field can only improve the quality and rigour of the research, and is increasingly important in spaces where access is not easily obtained. After outlining the research project, there follows a statement of ethics as the author encountered and negotiated it in the field. It is expressed through statements derived from Islamic sacred texts, structured in a similar way to statements of ethics produced by scholarly associations such as the American Anthropological Association. This reflexive account will be of value to researchers interested in British Muslim studies, as well as to scholars researching contemporary religious communities more generally, who need ethical approval from their research participants.
Moberg, M. 2015. 'Christian Metal: History, Ideology, Scene'. London: Bloomsbury. xii + 188pp. £21.99. ISBN: 978-1-4726-7983-6 (pbk).
Authors: Sutherland Liam
Published: March 2018

Moberg, M. 2015. Christian Metal: History, Ideology, Scene. London: Bloomsbury. xii + 188pp. £21.99. ISBN: 978-1-4726-7983-6 (pbk).
Treatment of chikungunya chronic arthritis: A systematic review
Authors: Sales Gabriella Maria Pitt Gameiro , Barbosa Izabel Crystine Pereira , Canejo Neta Laura Maia Sampaio , Melo Paloma Lopes de , Leitão Raphael de Azevedo , Melo Hugo Moura de Albuquerque
Published: March 2018

Summary Introduction: Chikungunya (CHIK) is a tropical arbovirus, transmitted by the female mosquito Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In Brazil, there have been cases reported since 2014. The initial manifestations of this virus are sudden onset high fever, headache, chills, rashes, myalgia and intense joint pain. Usually, CHIK presents the acute and chronic phases, the latter characterized by bilateral polyarthralgia, which can last for months or even years. During this period, autoimmune diseases can be triggered, making the picture even more complicated. Method: A systematic review was performed on the PubMed and Scielo databases in January 2017. Clinical trials, cohorts, case-control and case reports were included in the study. Expert opinions, societal consensuses and literary reviews were exclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The studies were descriptively analyzed and the data was grouped according to methodological similarity. Results: Twenty-four (24) articles were selected and, in compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 were eliminated, with six studies remaining in the present review: five clinical trials and one case report. Conclusion: When the manifestations of CHIK become chronic and, the longer they last, more complications arise. Polyarthralgia can be immaterial, distancing individuals from their daily-life activities. Anti-inflammatory drugs (either steroid or not), in addition to immunosuppressants, homeopathy and physiotherapy are measures of treatment that, according to the literature, have been successful in relieving or extinguishing symptoms. However, it is fundamental that studies of CHIK treatment be further developed.
Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI): An update and initial experience at HC-FMUSP
Authors: Queiroz Marcelo A. , Barbosa Felipe de Galiza , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto , Cerri Giovanni Guido
Published: March 2018

Summary The new technology of PET/MRI is a prototype of hybrid imaging, allowing for the combination of molecular data from PET scanning and morphofunctional information derived from MRI scanning. Recent advances regarding the technical aspects of this device, especially after the development of MRI-compatible silicon photomultipliers of PET, permitted an increase in the diagnostic performance of PET/MRI translated into dose reduction and higher imaging quality. Among several clinical applications, PET/MRI gains ground initially in oncology, where MRI per se plays an essential role in the assessment of primary tumors (which is limited in the case of PET/CT), including prostate, rectal and gynecological tumors. On the other hand, the evaluation of the lungs remains an enigma although new MRI sequences are being designed to overcome this. More clinical indications of PET/MRI are seen in the fields of neurology, cardiology and inflammatory processes, and the use of PET/MRI also opens perspectives for pediatric populations as it involves very low radiation exposure. Our review aimed to highlight the current indications of PET/MRI and discuss the challenges and perspectives of PET/MRI at HC-FMUSP.
RENZI SCORE FOR OBSTRUCTED DEFECATION SYNDROME - VALIDATION OF THE PORTUGUESE VERSION ACCORDING TO THE COSMIN CHECKLIST
Authors: CAETANO Ana Celia , DIAS Sara , SANTA-CRUZ André , ROLANDA Carla
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Recently, the Obstructed Defecation Syndrome score (ODS score) was developed and validated by Renzi to assess clinical staging and to allow evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of treatment of this disorder. OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to validate the Portuguese version of Renzi ODS score, according to the Consensus based Standards for the selection of the Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. METHODS: Following guidelines for cross-cultural validity, Renzi ODS score was translated into the Portuguese language. Then, a group of patients and healthy controls were invited to fill in the Renzi ODS score at baseline, after 2 weeks and 3 months, respectively. We assessed internal consistency, reliability and measurement error, content and construct validity, responsiveness and interpretability. RESULTS: A total of 113 individuals (77 patients; 36 healthy controls) completed the questionnaire. Seventy and 30 patients repeated the Renzi ODS score after 2 weeks and 3 months respectively. Factor analysis confirmed the unidimensionality of the scale. Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.77 supported item’s homogeneity. Weighted quadratic kappa of 0.89 established test-retest reliability. The smallest detectable change at the individual level was 2.66 and at the group level was 0.30. Renzi ODS score and the total (-0.32) and physical (-0.43) SF-36 scores correlated negatively. Patient and control’s groups significantly differed (11 points). The change score of Renzi ODS score between baseline and 3 months correlated negatively with the clinical evolution (-0.86). ROC analysis showed minimal important change of 2.00 with AUC 0.97. Neither floor nor ceiling effects were observed. CONCLUSION: This work validated the Portuguese version of Renzi ODS score. We can now use this reliable, responsive, and interpretable (at the group level) tool to evaluate Portuguese ODS patients.
Uncoordinated psychosocial network compromising the integrality of care
Authors: Carvalho Maria de Fátima Alves Aguiar , Coelho Edméia de Almeida Cardoso , Oliveira Jeane Freitas de , Araújo Rosália Teixeira de , Barros Andiara Rodrigues
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To discuss the lack of coordination in the Psychosocial Care Network from the conception of professionals of a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (Portuguese acronym: CAPSad). Method Qualitative study conducted with professionals from a CAPSad unit. The empirical material was produced through two reflection workshops focused on care experiences, and analysis using the discourse analysis technique. The category of analysis was integrality. Results Nine professionals participated in the study. All of them reported being part of a disarticulated service network, in disagreement with principles of the national mental health policy, which directly affects the resolution of care provided in the unit. Conclusion The operating logic in the Psychosocial Care Network tends to reduce the care of drug users to the CAPSad assistance, hence compromising the integrality of care.
Cultural adaptation and content validation of the Single-Question for screening alcohol abuse
Authors: Maciel Marjorie Ester Dias , Vargas Divane de
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective Describing the stages of translation, cultural adaptation and content validation of the Single-Question into Brazilian Portuguese, which will be named Questão Chave. Method This study is a cultural adaptation. The instrument was translated into Portuguese as two independent versions which led to a synthesis of translations (S1), and later to the synthesis S2, which was then submitted to evaluation by a Committee of Expert Judges in the area of alcohol use and instrument validation. The Content Validity Index and Kappa agreement coefficient were calculated from this evaluation. Results The judges evaluated the Questão Chave regarding the clarity of the sentence and aspects related to the quality of the translation (cultural adaptation, preservation of original meaning and correct use of technical terms). The Content Validity Index was 1 for clarity of sentence and correct use of technical terms, and 0.8 for adaptation and preservation of the original meaning. The Kappa index for concordance among the judges was 0.83. After an adjustment proposed by the judges, the S3 version was originated. Conclusion The Questão Chave had its content validity confirmed, which supports future studies that aim for its application in the target population to verify their psychometric properties.
Association of self-efficacy of parents/caregivers with childhood asthma control parameters
Authors: Gomes Ana Lúcia Araújo , Lima Kamila Ferreira , Mendes Elizamar Regina da Rocha , Joventino Emanuella Silva , Martins Mariana Cavalcante , Almeida Paulo César de , Ximenes Lorena Barbosa
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the association between the self-efficacy of parents/caregivers and control parameters of childhood asthma. Method Cross-sectional study with parents/caregivers of asthmatic children. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Self-efficacy and their child’s level of asthma control scale: Brazilian version. Results Participation of 216 parents/caregivers in the study. There was a statistically significant association between self-efficacy scores and the following variables: unscheduled physician visit (p=0.001), visit to emergency department (p<0.001), hospital stays in the previous 12 months (p=0.005), physical activity limitation (p=0.003), school days missed (p<0.001), impaired sleep (p<0.001), ability to differentiate crisis medication from control medication (p=0.024), use of spacer (p=0.001), performing oral hygiene after use of inhaled corticosteroids (p=0.003), and knowledge of medication gratuity (p=0.004). Conclusion A significant relationship of the self-efficacy of parents/caregivers of asthmatic children with control parameters and training on the necessary skills to reach this control was demonstrated in the study.
The phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty in investigations about medication use: constructing a methodological cascade
Authors: Nascimento Yone de Almeida , Filardi Agnes Fonseca Ribeiro , Abath André Joffily , Silva Luciana Diniz , Ramalho-de-Oliveira Djenane
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Merleau-Ponty innovated when giving primacy to the body and perception in his philosophical proposal. Within the field of health, his thinking gives us access to the knowledge gained from the corporeality of individuals with chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to expand the understanding of phenomena associated with the daily use of medication, which includes increasingly complex drug regimes, through the lens of Merleau-Ponty. To this end, we described the research steps anchored in his phenomenological philosophy and structured them in the form of a cascade, beginning with the definition of phenomenology as a new form of epistemology, existence as a paradigm, and the body as a theory. Furthermore, the methodology included the use of existential structures, namely, time, space, relationships with others, and sexuality, connected through the intentional arc to reach an understanding of the phenomenon of medication use.