bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of sensory and pain threshold after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation – TENS
Authors: Witkoś Joanna , Budziosz Jan
Published: April 2020

Non-invasive electrotherapy it is a safe way to use electric current in physical therapy to treat pain related to musculoskeletal diseases. Electrotherapy mediated analgesia results from stimulation of pain inhibiting receptors activity increase as well endogenous opioids secretion rise. Physical therapy applies different modalities to ease the pain whereas transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is one of them. The aim of this study was assessment of impact of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on sensory threshold and threshold of pain. Study included 33 females and 30 males, healthy volonteers aged 21–25 years. In participants single convectional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was performed. Sensory and pain threshold were assessed before stimulation, immediately after stimulation and in 15th and 30th minute after stimulation. Measurements were performed with PainMatcher device. The results have proved that single convectional TENS leads to sensory threshold decrease and increase of pain threshold. The research confirms positive effects of TENS in antinociceptic processes.
Mechanism, Model, and Upscaling of the Gas Flow in Shale Matrix: Revisit
Authors: Hu Zhiming , Li Yaxiong , Li Yanran
Published: April 2020

Shale gas accounts for an increasing proportion in the world’s oil and gas supply, with the properties of low carbon, clean production, and huge potential for the compensation for the gradually depleted conventional resources. Due to the ubiquitous nanopores in shale matrix, the nanoscale gas flow becomes one of the most vital themes that are directly related to the formulation of shale gas development schemes, including the optimization of hydraulic fracturing, horizontal well spacing, etc. With regard to the gas flow in shale matrix, no commonly accepted consensus has been reached about the flow mechanisms to be considered, the coupled flow model in nanopores, and the upscaling method for its macroscopic form. In this chapter, the propositions of wall-associated diffusion, a physically sound flow mechanism scheme, a new coupled flow model in nanopores, the upscaling form of the proposed model, and the translation of lab-scale results into field-scale ones aim to solve the aforementioned issues. It is expected that this work will contribute to a deeper understanding of the intrinsic relationship among various flow mechanisms and the extension of the flow model to full flow regimes and to upscaling shale matrix, thus establishing a unified model for better guiding shale gas development.
Tabagismo em idosos: fatores associados e influência na hipertensão arterial sistêmica
Authors: Beltrame Daniel Pedro Comineli , Viana Dayane Aparecida , Pereira Ribeiro Ana Beatriz , Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de , Antunes Mateus Dias , Szymaniak Nazaré Pellizzetti , Santos Álvaro Da Silva
Published: April 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os fatores associados ao consumo de tabaco entre os idosos e a influência deste hábito na hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 4023 idosos de 27 municípios de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva e inferencial, adotando significância quando p<0,05. Houve associação significativa entre: os idosos fumantes e o sexo masculino (p<0,0001), 60 a 69 anos (p<0,0001) e 70 a 79 anos (p<0,012); entre os ex-fumantes e o sexo masculino (p<0,0001) e as religiões católica (p<0,0001) e espírita (p<0,0001); entre o tabagismo e a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p<0,0001) e entre o maior consumo de tabaco e a chance de ser hipertenso (p<0,031). O tabagismo está relacionado ao sexo masculino, as primeiras faixas etárias da velhice e as religiões católica e espírita. Além disso, o hábito de fumar influenciou diretamente na hipertensão arterial sistêmica.
How Does Globalization Shape the Interdisciplinary Curriculum Development in Hong Kong’s Education Reform?
Authors: Chong Eric KM
Published: April 2020

There has been a worldwide interdisciplinary curriculum development. By examining several official interdisciplinary curriculum in Hong Kong, this paper argues that curriculum integration which incorporates learning about globalization and global citizenship has gradually developed
since the late 1990s. By using cross-sectional focus group interviews with experienced teachers and a sample of students, the author identified benefits such as enhancing students’ interdisciplinary knowledge and applying critical thinking. But limitations can be found in having a weak
disciplinary knowledge and difficult to develop transferrable skills, which necessitates teacher training. This paper also discusses the recent Liberal Studies controversy and youth protests. KEYWORDSInterdisciplinary curriculum, competencies-based, knowledge transferable
skills, Liberal Studies, globalization, Hong Kong
How exceptional is Special Education?
Authors: Datta Poulomee
Published: April 2020

The present review traces the historical trajectory of special educational needs and disabilities, depicting the changing attitudes towards children with disabilities over time. The tracing of the history presents how special educational needs evolved and was broadened instead of categorization
and labelling. The meaning and nature of special education is reviewed with concrete examples. The concept of special education from mild to severe, transitory to permanent and specific to global are presented. Finally, how special education encompasses professionals, curriculum, resources
with environmental and educational modifications are provided.
Quality Assessment of Bumble Bee Species Nectar in Western Maharashtra of India
Authors: Patil Shital , Sadale S. B. , Ranveer Rahul C.
Published: April 2020

Objective: Nectar is a sweet sustenance substance which organization, shading, flavor, and kind of nectar depend primarily on the blossoms, land districts and atmosphere and bumble bee species. We analyzed physicochemical and sensorial qualities attributed to different honey bee species in western Maharashtra of India.

Methodology: Apis dorsata, Cerana indica, Apis florea nectar from various bumble bee species from Kolhapur and Mahabaleshwar locale and remaining sample from market were studied for physicochemical and sensorial evaluation.

Results and Discussion: Brix of Cerana indica and Apis florea nectar gives 82.82 and 82.43°B which is higher than Apis dorsata and Market sample Honey. Acidity of the Apis dorsata was 0.38% which is higher than other nectar tests which showed matured marginal and gives the harsh unsuitable taste. Cerana indica test from Kolhapur district contains more sugar content 63.55% which gives dim golden color and better sweet taste increment its general agreeableness. Apis florea nectar sample from Mahabaleshwar district likewise contains more sugar content 63.35% with light golden shading and sweet taste. The market nectar similarly contains somewhat less sugar 62.10% with golden shading and furthermore contains more slag content. Its characteristic for Cerena indica and Apis florea nectar acknowledged by shopper than market sample honey.

Conclusion: Here we were the reason that the natural nectar test is superior to anything the nectar found in the consumer shops.
Carcass provisioning for scavenger conservation in a temperate forest ecosystem
Authors: Stiegler Jonas , von Hoermann Christian , Müller Jörg , Benbow M. Eric , Heurich Marco
Published: April 2020

Carrion plays an essential role in shaping the structure and functioning of ecosystems and has far‐reaching implications for biodiversity conservation. The change in availability and type of carcasses throughout ecosystems can involve negative effects for scavenging communities. To address this issue, there have been recent conservation management measures of carrion provision in natural systems. However, the optimal conditions under which exposing carcasses to optimize conservation outcomes are still limited. Here, we used camera traps throughout elevational and vegetational gradients to monitor the consumption of 48 deer carcasses over a study period of six years by evaluating 270,279 photographs resulting out of 15,373 trap nights. We detected 17 species visiting carcass deployments, including five endangered species. Our results show that large carcasses, the winter season, and a heterogeneous surrounding habitat enhanced the frequency of carcass visits and the species richness of scavenger assemblages. Contrary to our expectations, carcass species, condition (fresh/frozen), and provision schedule (continuous vs single exposure) did not influence scavenging frequency or diversity. The carcass visitation frequency increased with carcass mass and lower temperatures. The effect of large carcasses was especially pronounced for mesopredators and the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Lynx were not too influenced in its carrion acquisition by the season, but exclusively preferred remote habitats containing higher forest cover. Birds of prey, mesopredators, and top predators were also positively influenced by the visiting rate of ravens (Corvus corax), whereas no biotic or abiotic preferences were found for wild boars (Sus scrofa). This study provides evidence that any ungulate species of carrion, either in a fresh or in previously frozen condition, attracts a high diversity of scavengers especially during winter, thereby supporting earlier work that carcass provisions may support scavenger communities and endangered species.
Electric scooter craniofacial trauma
Authors: Faraji Farhoud , Lee Jason H. , Faraji Farshid , MacDonald Bridget , Oviedo Parisa , Stuart Emelia , Baxter Michael , Vuong Caresse L. , Lance Samuel H. , Gosman Amanda A. , Castillo Edward M. , Hom David B.
Published: April 2020

Objective

The use of standing electronic scooters associated with micromobility applications (e‐scooters) has risen nationally. The aim of this study was to obtain a detailed view of soft tissue and bony craniofacial injury associated with e‐scooter‐related trauma.

Methods

Single‐institution retrospective case series of patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center emergency department or trauma unit with documented e‐scooter‐related craniofacial injury.

Results

Of 203 included patients, 188 (92.6%) patients sustained craniofacial injury. One hundred thirty‐one (64.5%) had exclusively soft tissue injury, 3 (1.5%) exclusively bony injury, 51 (25.1%) both soft and bony injuries, and twenty‐five (12.3%) patients sustained dental injury. Aesthetic units most frequently sustaining acute soft tissue injury were the forehead (n = 106, 34.6%), scalp (n = 36, 11.8%), chin (n = 34, 11.1%), upper lip (n = 32, 10.5%), and cheek (n = 31, 10.1%). Aesthetic subunits most often sustaining acute soft tissue injury included the brow (42, 13.7%), central forehead (39, 12.7%), lateral forehead (n = 25, 8.2%), and upper lip vermillion (n = 23, 7.5%). Craniofacial osseous fracture most often occurred in the orbit (n = 42, 24.6%) and maxilla (n = 40, 23.4%). Individual osseous segments most frequently sustaining acute fracture included the anterior maxillary sinus wall (n = 22, 12.9%), nasal bone (n = 20, 11.7%), lateral orbital wall (n = 16, 9.4%), orbital floor (n = 15, 8.8%), and zygomatic bone (13, 7.6%).

Conclusions

Our analysis demonstrates that most patients presenting to our center with craniofacial trauma sustained acute bony fracture, most often to the midface. Our data of common injuries associated with e‐scooter trauma could inform implementation in the form of facial safety equipment or safety skills training for e‐scooter riders.

Level of evidence

4
High Energy γ-ray variability of NGC 1275 and 3C 120
Authors: Sahakyan Narek
Published: April 2020

The recent observations in the high energy γ-ray band show that the extragalactic γ-ray sky is dominated by the emission from blazars. However, γ-ray emission from other types of AGNs, e.g., radiogalaxies, also have been detected. These sources were not considered as favored GeV emitters because the nonthermal emission from their jets is less Doppler boosted. Now, the γ-ray emission from more than 25 non-blazar AGNs has been already detected which opened a new window to have an insight into the particle acceleration and emission processes in different components of AGNs. Here, I will present the γ-ray variability of two well-known radiogalaxies, NGC 1275 and 3C 120, which show a rapid flux increase in the γ-ray band.
Perseus – A Huge Reservoir of Dark Matter investigated with MAGIC
Authors: Doro Michele , Palacio Joaquim , Rico Javier , Vazquez Acosta Monica
Published: April 2020

Galaxy clusters are excellent targets for high energy astrophysics with gamma rays. Not only they may host active galaxies, but they are often expected to provide signatures of accelerations of electrons and protons to PeV energies. Furthermore, according to ΛCDM scenario, they should be embedded in an extremely massive dark matter halo, the largest halo expected. In this report, we summarize the recently published MAGIC lower limits on the decaying dark matter lifetime using 202 h of selected high quality data taken on the Perseus galaxy cluster, in a 5-year long campaign.
Multi-frequency monitoring of S5 0716+714
Authors: Lee Jee Won , Sohn Bong Won
Published: April 2020

We report preliminary results of long-term multi-frequency monitoring observations of S5 0716+714. We conducted observations at 22 and 43 GHz using Korean VLBI Network (KVN) radio telescopes and combined 8 (UMRAO), 15 (OVRO), 95 (CARMA), and 230 GHz (SMA) data to investigate characteristics of radio flares. We identified six flares (P1-P6) from 2010 November to 2014 June. The magnetic field strengths by assuming a synchrotron self-absorption model are in the range of 9 mG - 11 G in P2, 26 mG - 3G in P3, 3 mG - 38 G in P4, and 1 mG - 8 G in P6.
Konar, Long, and Madani Receive 2019 Hydrologic Sciences Early Career Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: April 2020

Megan Konar, Di Long, and Kaveh Madani received the Hydrologic Sciences Early Career Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2019, held 9–13 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes “scientists who demonstrate outstanding contributions to hydrologic sciences, education, or societal impacts and show exceptional promise of continued contributions to hydrology throughout their career.”
The deep Chandra survey in the SDSS J1030+0524 field
Authors: Nanni R. , Gilli R. , Vignali C. , Mignoli M. , Peca A. , Marchesi S. , Annunziatella M. , Brusa M. , Calura F. , Cappelluti N. , Chiaberge M. , Comastri A. , Iwasawa K. , Lanzuisi G. , Liuzzo E. , Marchesini D. , Prandoni I. , Tozzi P. , Vito F. , Zamorani G. , Norman C.
Published: April 2020

We present the X-ray source catalog for the ∼479 ks Chandra exposure of the SDSS J1030+0524 field, which is centered on a region that shows the best evidence to date of an overdensity around a z > 6 quasar, and also includes a galaxy overdensity around a Compton-thick Fanaroff-Riley type II (FRII) radio galaxy at z = 1.7. Using wavdetect for initial source detection and ACIS Extract for source photometry and significance assessment, we create preliminary catalogs of sources that are detected in the full (0.5−7.0 keV), soft (0.5−2.0 keV), and hard (2−7 keV) bands, respectively. We produce X-ray simulations that mirror our Chandra observation to filter our preliminary catalogs and achieve a completeness level of > 91% and a reliability level of ∼95% in each band. The catalogs in the three bands are then matched into a final main catalog of 256 unique sources. Among them, 244, 193, and 208 are detected in the full, soft, and hard bands, respectively. The Chandra observation covers a total area of 335 arcmin2 and reaches flux limits over the central few square arcmins of ∼3 × 10−16, 6 × 10−17, and 2 × 10−16 erg cm−2 s−1 in the full, soft, and hard bands, respectively This makes J1030 field the fifth deepest extragalactic X-ray survey to date. The field is part of the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC), and is also covered by optical imaging data from the Large Binocular Camera (LBC) at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), near-infrared imaging data from the Canada France Hawaii Telescope WIRCam (CFHT/WIRCam), and Spitzer IRAC. Thanks to its dense multi-wavelength coverage, J1030 represents a legacy field for the study of large-scale structures around distant accreting supermassive black holes. Using a likelihood ratio analysis, we associate multi-band (r, z, J, and 4.5 μm) counterparts for 252 (98.4%) of the 256 Chandra sources, with an estimated reliability of 95%. Finally, we compute the cumulative number of sources in each X-ray band, finding that they are in general agreement with the results from the Chandra Deep Fields.
Magnetic Field Distributions inside Magnetically Driven Nanofluids for Thermal Management of CPUs
Authors: Doganay Serkan , Cetin Levent , Akif Ezan Mehmet , Turgut Alpaslan
Published: April 2020

Herein a magnetic actuation strategy is proposed to manipulate magnetic nanofluids in CPU thermal management applications. The proposed concept consists of a multi-circular microchannel unit and a rotating permanent magnet. A set of numerical simulations have been carried out to evaluate the influences of (i) magnet diameter, (ii) distance between the magnet and the microchannel, and (iii) shape of the magnet on magnetic flux densities (MFD) inside microchannels with Fe3O4 magnetic nanofluid. The results indicated that the MFD on the magnetic nanofluid significantly varies along with the radial position within the microchannel.
Looking beyond the local
Authors: Enever Janet
Published: April 2020

Around the world, the popularity of English has escalated, particularly at the primary school level (Butler, 2015), yet provision of sufficient qualified teacher expertise to meet demand continues to be inadequate. The OECD report on Equity and Quality in Education reports that: “The highest performing education systems are those that combine equity with quality. They give all children opportunities for a good quality education” (OECD, 2012). This paper adopts a sociohistorical perspective to critically examine the OECD criteria of achieving equity and quality throughfairnessandinclusivenesswith reference to Uruguay, India and China – all contexts where English has been introduced at primary and kindergarten levels. The analysis draws on data from classroom observations, interviews with teachers and key stakeholders. Findings indicate that while access to the quality provision of English in primary schools and kindergartens has been substantially expanded in recent years in each jurisdiction, the challenges of ensuring universal quality provision have proved complex under conditions where the pre-existing historical and political contexts have limited progress towards equity.
Who and what projects have been funded by the government?
Authors: Tse Thomas Kwan-Choi
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse the general trend of a funding scheme of civic education over the past 30 years in terms of the number of projects and the amount of their subsidies, the targeted groups, the content of the activities and the nature of the grantees.

Design/methodology/approach

Using statistical data of sponsored projects over three decades and interviews with ten informants.

Findings

There has been a shift in the concerns and priorities of these projects. Through the incentives and by setting the themes for funding, the government has regulated the civil society’s involvement with civic education and helped to fashion the officially endorsed values. But it is no longer effective to mediate state–civil society relationship and to cope with the new political scenario.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates the changing state–civic society relationship over the years with a solid large-scale database. This study advances the knowledge about public funding projects related to citizenship education in particular and sponsorship as a means of governance in general.
Transcription factors regulate adipocyte differentiation in beef cattle
Authors: Liu S. , Huang J. , Wang X. , Ma Y.
Published: April 2020

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a critical factor affecting meat flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and color. Therefore, the improvement of IMF content is one of the hotspots of animal science research. Fat deposition is the result of a combination of increased number of fat cells and cellular hypertrophy. In addition, transcription factors can influence the number of adipocytes and regulate lipid metabolism. The progress of the transcription factors regulating adipocyte differentiation in beef cattle, including IMF cell sources, and promoting or inhibiting adipogenic differentiation of transcription factors is reviewed in this paper.
Do patients with diabetes have an increased risk of impaired fracture healing? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ding Zi‐chuan , Zeng Wei‐nan , Rong Xiao , Liang Zhi‐min , Zhou Zong‐ke
Published: April 2020

Background

The majority of the existing evidence showing an association between diabetes and impaired fracture healing comes from basic scientific research. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to summarize the current clinical literature that investigates fracture healing in patients with diabetes.

Methods

The outcome of interest was impaired fracture healing including non‐union, delayed union and malunion. Studies that compared fracture healing outcomes between patients with and without diabetes were included in this study. Subgroup analyses regarding different fracture sites, types of fracture and classifications of diabetes were performed.

Results

A total of 14 studies involving 695 patients with diabetes and 4937 controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of impaired fracture healing (odds ratio (OR): 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–3.37, P = 0.002). Subgroup analyses showed that diabetes was associated with a significantly higher incidence of impaired fracture healing in lower extremity fractures (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.30–5.30, P = 0.007), short bone fractures (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.35–5.20, P = 0.005), long bone fractures (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.23–3.70, P = 0.007) and osteoporosis‐unrelated fractures (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.19–4.80, P = 0.01). Both insulin‐dependent diabetes (OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.05–15.56, P = 0.04) and non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes (OR 5.83, 95% CI 1.73–19.58, P = 0.004) were associated with significantly higher risks of impaired fracture healing.

Conclusions

Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of impaired fracture healing when compared to patients without diabetes. Fracture healing in the lower extremities, short bones and osteoporosis‐unrelated fractures is affected more severely by diabetes.
Setting the stage for family reunification
Authors: Harris Elizabeth , Becerra Miguel
Published: April 2020

Parents whose children are removed by the child welfare system are generally required to participate in a set of community‐based services as a condition for reunification. Often, these services are provided by outside non‐profit agencies. In this study, the authors analysed data from 27 interviews with parents whose children were removed by child welfare and four focus groups totalling 18 staff from a parent education service provider. The data suggest that while these non‐profit programmes are designed to improve the parental behaviours that led to their child welfare system involvement, staff and parents also describe the programmes as helping them develop a specific performance of self (Goffman, 1956) when interacting with child welfare agencies. This performance ultimately facilitates their capacity to build an effective working relationship with their social workers and thereby negotiate the process of reunifying with their children (Cheng and Lo, 2016; Reich, 2005). In keeping with Goffman's 1956 theory, staff from contracted non‐profit agencies help parents understand what is expected on the child welfare stage. This impression management is a critical skill for system‐involved parents, who often come from a class and cultural background that differs from those who work professionally in child welfare settings.
Ultrastructural Studies on a Model Tintinnid – Schmidingerella meunieri (Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) Agatha & Strüder‐Kypke, 2012 (Ciliophora). II. The Oral Apparatus
Authors: Gruber Michael S. , Weißenbacher Birgit , Agatha Sabine
Published: April 2020

The ultrastructure of the oral apparatus is supposed to be significant for elucidating more recent common ancestry and might thus provide support for particular groupings of oligotrichean ciliates. The transmission electron microscopical study on mainly cryofixed Schmidingerella meunieri specimens provides the first detailed data for tintinnids and Oligotrichea in general. Ten new characters are included into the cladistic analysis. These features together with the very limited body of literature suggest that substantial changes in the oral ultrastructure correlate only with the formation of a circular adoral zone in choreotrichids. Despite homoplasious morphological and ontogenetic adaptations to the planktonic lifestyle in halteriid hypotrichs and oligotrichids, their oral apparatuses generally retain the plesiomorphic ultrastructure of the Perilemmaphora. The highly complex ultrastructure of the adoral zone is thus able to accomplish an extension in the zone's functionality without obvious changes; only the position of the adoral zone at the apical cell portion together with a globular to obconical cell shape are apparently crucial. Merely, minute apomorphies characterise the Oligotrichea and tintinnids, respectively. Tintinnids with derived somatic ciliary patterns possess distinct microtubular bundles connecting the oral apparatus with the myoneme in the peduncle.
Enhanced diagnostic accuracy for neurocognitive disorders: a revised cut-off approach for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Authors: Thomann Alessandra E. , Berres Manfred , Goettel Nicolai , Steiner Luzius A. , Monsch Andreas U.
Published: April 2020

Background

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has good sensitivity for mild cognitive impairment, but specificity is low when the original cut-off (25/26) is used. We aim to revise the cut-off on the German MoCA for its use in clinical routine.

Methods

Data were analyzed from 496 Memory Clinic outpatients (447 individuals with a neurocognitive disorder; 49 with cognitive normal findings) and from 283 normal controls. Cut-offs were identified based on (a) Youden’s index and (b) the 10th percentile of the control group.

Results

A cut-off of 23/24 on the MoCA had better correct classification rates than the MMSE and the original MoCA cut-off. Compared to the original MoCA cut-off, the cut-off of 23/24 points had higher specificity (92% vs 63%), but lower sensitivity (65% vs 86%). Introducing two separate cut-offs increased diagnostic accuracies with 92% specificity (23/24 points) and 91% sensitivity (26/27 points). Scores between these two cut-offs require further examinations.

Conclusions

Using two separate cut-offs for the MoCA combined with scores in an indecisive area enhances the accuracy of cognitive screening.
Bailout subclavian artery stenting in a sick child with iatrogenic subclavian artery perforation: a case report
Authors: Naganur Sanjeev , Santosh Krishna , Sihag Bhupendra Kumar , Gawalkar Atit A , Prasad Krishna
Published: April 2020

Background

Subclavian artery injury during internal jugular vein catheterization is a rare yet potentially life-threatening complication leading to hemothorax and exsanguination. The percutaneous endovascular approach offers a less invasive and effective alternative to the high-risk surgical repair in emergent situations.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 6-year-old child suffering from hemolytic uremic syndrome requiring urgent hemodialysis, for which IJV (internal jugular vein) cannulation was attempted. This procedure led to iatrogenic subclavian arterial perforation causing massive hemothorax with hemodynamic compromise. CT angiogram showed a through and through perforation in the first part of right subclavian artery between common carotid and vertebral artery. A definitive assessment of the extent of ongoing leak was made through an invasive angiogram in the catheterization laboratory. The perforation was successfully closed percutaneously with a covered stent without compromising any branch vessels.

Conclusion

Arterial injury although rare is a potentially life-threatening complication of IJV cannulation which warrants immediate attention and corrective measures. Ultrasound guidance can reduce the risk of such life-threatening complications. Percutaneous management offers a less invasive, less time consuming, and effective alternative in critically ill patients in emergency situations.
Prediction of minimal encephalopathy in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis using albumin-bilirubin, platelets-albumin-bilirubin score, albumin-bilirubin-platelets grade and ammonia level
Authors: Alsebaey Ayman
Published: April 2020

Background

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a complication of liver cirrhosis causing low quality of life, driving skills and higher traffic violation. The neuro-psychometric tests are the gold standard but difficult clinically and time-consuming. The aim was to assess albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), platelets-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) score, albumin-bilirubin-platelets (ALBI-PLT) grade and ammonia level as MHE predictors. All the patients (n = 257) underwent critical flicker frequency number connection, serial dotting and digit symbol test for MHE diagnosis (n = 166, 64.6%). Liver function, INR, CBC and arterial ammonia were measured.

Results

There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between MHE patients and those without as regards ammonia (86.59 ± 23.25 vs. 63.56 ± 24.2 μmol/L), ALBI score (−2.13 ± 0.53 vs. −2.49 ± 0.38), PALBI score (−2.33 ± 0.39 vs. −2.55 ± 0.26) and ALBI-PLT (3.98 ± 0.49 vs. 3.70 ± 0.56). Patients with MHE were mainly Child-Pugh B and C and also ALBI grade 2 and 3. For MHE discrimination, ALBI, PALBI, ALBI-PLT and ammonia had the following cutoffs >−2.36 (57.23% sensitivity, 77.78% specificity), >−2.5 (60.84% sensitivity, 67.9% specificity), > 3 (87.35% sensitivity, 27.16% specificity) and > 76.5 (69% sensitivity, 72.5% specificity) respectively (p = 0.001). On comparison of the area under the curve, ALBI is comparable to PALBI (p = 0.245) and ammonia (p = 0.603). The ALBI-PLT is inferior to ALBI (p = 0.018) and ammonia (p = 0.021) but comparable to PALBI (p = 0.281). ALBI (odds = 5.64), PALBI (odds = 7.86), ALBI-PLT (odds = 2.86), ammonia (odds = 1.05), Child-Pugh score (odds = 2.13), MELD (odds = 1.26) are independent predictors of MHE.

Conclusion

ALBI, PALBI and ammonia are clinical useful model for MHE prediction.
Introduction
Authors: Kaminska Aleksandra , Grondin David
Published: April 2020

This is the introduction to the special issue on Biometrics: Mediating Bodies. It sets out the context of the study of biometrics and the manifold technologies, histories, applications, and concerns that make up biometric logics. It introduces readers to the five sections that make up the special issue: histories of measurement; politics and governance; aesthetics; narratives and experiences; and designs.
The Quantified and Customised Museum
Authors: Wilson-Barnao Caroline
Published: April 2020

Mobile and wearable devices provide a range of new tools and approaches to measure the output metrics of the human body, especially in the medical and fitness realms. Cultural institutions similarly are drawing on a range of digital technologies to better understand the neural processes associated with visitor appreciation of artefacts. Harnessing data about how artworks and objects are experienced can be derived from measurable physical observations, such as an individual’s facial geometry, heartbeat, or retina movements. The Peabody Essex Museum in Salam, Massachusetts is used as a case study to explore the onsite quantification of the museum body. This example is placed in conversation with Google’s face match app, which uses computer vision to link user selfies with cultural collections. The discussion focuses on the evolution of a more quantified modality of cultural engagement, which places greater emphasis on the collection of data as an indicator of the quality of a museum visit.
Before Body Scanning There was Looker
Authors: Staiti Alana
Published: April 2020

This paper uses the film Looker (Michael Crichton, 1981) to highlight how a group of filmmakers and technologists imagined the sinister side of computer-automated biometrics would unfold in late twentieth century United States. The film depicts a scene in which a young female model gets her naked body scanned for a multinational corporation that will capitalize on the 3D computer model created from her likeness. An analysis of the body scanning scene and behind-the-scenes production processes raise new questions about the legacy of biometric imaginaries in the United States and helps us see in new ways how a set of concerns crystallized around the computerization of personal identifiable information, including physical bodies. While fears of computer automation existed in previous decades, by the early 1980s, the stakes heightened as biometric and photosensing technologies could sense and gather data computationally.
On the Problem of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Mass Composition Evaluation from Lateral Distributions of EAS Charged Particles Measured at Different Ranges of Radial Distances
Authors: Raikin R.I. , Volkov N.V. , Lagutin A.A. , Serebryakova T.L. , Soldatkin S.V.
Published: April 2020

The results of the analysis of simulations of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays are presented. The analysis was performed within the framework of the scaling approach developed by the authors to describe the lateral distribution functions of electrons and muons of EAS. We discuss a method to evaluate the mass composition of cosmic rays from the experimental data of existing ground-based hybrid experiments with consideration of the potential of their forthcoming extensions as well as the next generation experiments. The discussed method allows minimizing the influence of the uncertainty of nuclear interaction model, instrumental and methodical biases on physical conclusions with respect to the type of primary particle.

It is shown that the use of the scale parameters of the lateral distributions as an indicator of primary particle, as well as the universal relationship between the scale parameters of the lateral distribution and the (longitudinal) age of the cascade, provides improving mass composition estimations on both the average and event-by-event basis by a single method in a wide primary energy range.
An investigation of pre-school children’s and their parents’ outdoor play experiences
Authors: Aktaş Arnas Yaşare , Sarıbaş Deniz Şule
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate outdoor play experiences of preschool children in Turkey and to compare the experiences of these children with previous generation. The sample of the study consists of 398 parents with children aged 3-6 years old attending to a pre-school education institution in the province of Adana, a city located in the south of Turkey. The questionnaire of “the parents and children’s outdoor play experiences”, which was based on the study of Clements (2004) was adapted by the researchers and was used as the data collection tool. While the quantitative data were analysed through frequency and percentage, the qualitative data were analysed by means of content analysis. Results revealed that today’s children got involved in outdoor play activities significantly less than their parents did. Health conditions, safety concern, lack of environmental opportunities and use of technological device (computer, television, tablet pc etc.) were reported as the main reasons of the findings in the present study by parents. The results show similarity with the related literature.
„… sondern auch das der anderen“ – Beobachtungen zur Deutung und argumentationsstrategischen Funktion der paulinischen Mahnungen in Phil 2,4.12. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Funktionsbestimmung des Philipperhymnus im Brieftext
Authors: Blumenthal Christian
Published: April 2020

The text-critical discussion about the originality of καί in Phil 2,4 (ἀλλὰ [καὶ] τὰ ἑτέρων) and the discussion around the understanding of the syntagma ἡ ἑαυτῶν σωτηρία in 2,12 have reached a dead end. In order to bring both discussions forward, the present contribution will link the two issues together more closely. This is in response to the observation that both questions reveal a common vanishing point. This vanishing point consists in the fact that the respective answers have a significant influence on the assessment of an overarching, ethical-parenetic question: To what extent did Paul, in his instructions for action surrounding the Christ Hymn in 1,27–2,18, which are essentially oriented towards the well-being of others, not only presuppose aspects of caring for oneself, but also specifically allude to such aspects in the text of the Epistle itself, thus granting them their own, albeit small, space? If such traces can be found, the argumentation-strategic function of this balancing is to be ascertained for the Pauline way of thinking in 1,27–2,18.
Demand Characteristics Confound the Rubber Hand Illusion
Authors: Lush Peter
Published: April 2020

Reports of experiences of ownership over a fake hand following simple multisensory stimulation (the ‘rubber hand illusion’) have generated an expansive literature. Because such reports might reflect suggestion effects, demand characteristics are routinely controlled for by contrasting agreement ratings for ‘illusion’ and ‘control’ conditions. However, these methods have never been validated, and recent evidence that response to imaginative suggestion (‘phenomenological control’) predicts illusion report prompts reconsideration of their efficacy. A crucial assumption of the standard approach is that demand characteristics are matched across conditions. Here, a quasi-experiment design was employed to test demand characteristics in rubber hand illusion reports. Participants were provided with information about the rubber hand illusion procedure (text description and video demonstration) and recorded expectancies for standard ‘illusion’ and ‘control’ statements. Expectancies for ‘control’ and ‘illusion’ statements in synchronous and asynchronous conditions were found to differ similarly to published illusion reports. Therefore, rubber hand illusion control methods which have been in use for 22 years are not fit for purpose. Because demand characteristics have not been controlled in illusion report in existing studies, the illusion may be, partially or entirely, a suggestion effect. Methods to develop robust controls are proposed. That confounding demand characteristics have been overlooked for decades may be attributable to a lack of awareness that demand characteristics can drive experience in psychological science.
Historical Studies in Which Sciences? The Revolving Door of Engineering and Technology
Authors: Mody Cyrus C. M.
Published: April 2020

The first eleven volumes of Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences treated science for the most part as an academic, monodisciplinary pursuit of knowledge with little thought of application or contact with wider society. That changed abruptly in 1981 with Volume 12. Ever since, the journal’s name has steadily broadened, while its content has come to include ever more interdisciplinarity and application. The place of science depicted in the journal’s pages is now all of society, including industry and the engineering disciplines. One possible explanation for this shift, associated with Paul Forman, is that technology and applied research achieved cultural primacy over basic science after 1980. On this view, the journal is simply following society’s lead in turning away from basic science. This article argues, instead, that the field of science and technology studies, and its aim to understand science-as-part-of-society, is now taken for granted by the journal’s authors. On this view, the engineering sciences are simply one of several domains (alongside the social sciences, agricultural sciences, and biomedicine) where it is particularly easy to glimpse science’s participation in wider society.

This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ДІАХРОНІЧНОГО АНАЛІЗУ РОЗВИТКУ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В ПСИХОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Литвин-Кіндратюк Світлана
Published: April 2020

У статті розкривається стратегія організації дослідження в галузі соціальної історичної психології на засадах збагачення змісту  принципу історизму та поля понять, що описують логіку «істо­ріоризації» особистості у світі, що стрімко змінюється. Окреслено способи організації дослідження, які містять варіанти синхронічного та діахронічного способів аналізу. Показано, що у процесі розвитку особистості в онтогенезі елементи діахронічного розгляду є складовою синхронічного трактування отриманих результатів, оскільки у його перерізі маркується дискретна мить історії в шерезі подій життя певного покоління та на тлі сучасної соціальної ситуації розвитку. Натомість діахронічний аналіз визначено різновидом стратегії «аналізу процесів», що звернутий до вимірів історичного процесу. Він апелює до окремого типу розвитку – історіогенезу особистості, якому притаманні гетерохронність, між­по­коліннєва спадкоємність та соціокультурна контекстуальність. Окреслено види діахронічного аналізу: «масштабний» та «локальний», «близький» та «віддалений». Діахронічний аналіз в соціальній історичній психології визначено стратегією організації дослідження, яка спирається на фігуративні реконструктивні процедури, насамперед метод психолого-історичної реконструкції.  Розкрито основне завдання діахро­нічного аналізу, яке полягає в переході від лінійного до нелінійного аналізу сталості-змінюваності сторич­ного розвитку особистості, насамперед у контексті домінування процесів соціогенезу та культурогенезу. Оновлення їхніх конфігурацій виявляється в соціальних змінах у рамках множинного соціального часу та культурних фігураціях стабільних форм поведінки особистості
Recensiones
Authors: Wendland Ernst , Iparraguirre Joel
Published: April 2020

Recensiones
The usage of prior upper gastrointestinal endoscopy among symptomatic patients undergoing cholecystectomy
Authors: Khan Ayesha Jule , Gupta Samridhi , Kohli Manu , Bhargava Gopal S.
Published: April 2020

Background: Cholelithiasis is one of the most common problems encountered in surgery. It is an immense challenge to discriminate between signs and symptoms due to gastrointestinal lesions and gallstones diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usage of pre-operative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) as a routine in treating symptomatic gallstone patients.Methods: This prospective hospital based observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar from January 2018 to June 2019. 60 symptomatic gallstone patients were selected for cholecystectomy and preoperative upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy evaluation was done for any associated upper gastrointestinal problems.Results: Out of the total patients, females constituted 85% of overall study patients and majority of the patients presented with atypical biliary colic symptoms (55%, group 2) whereas 45% presented with typical biliary colic symptoms (group 1) (p value=0.009). Relief rate was highest in group 1 with abnormal UGE than with group 2.Conclusions: The routine use of upper GI endoscopy in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis prior to cholecystectomy will help reduce post-operative persistence of symptoms and thus, it is a useful investigation in the overall treatment of gallstone diseases.
Economic Diplomacy as Indonesian Foreign Policy Orientation in 2015-2018: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Haryono Endi
Published: April 2020

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang diplomasi ekonomi dalam politik luar negeri Republik Indonesia di bawah Presiden Joko Widodo pada tahun 2015-2018 sebagai sebuah konsep dan kebijakan. Diplomasi ekonomi bukan sekadar satu dari arah kebijakan luar negeri tetapi lebih daripada itu diplomasi ekonomi telah menjadi corak dan gaya diplomasi Indonesia pada periode yang sama. Dari analisis kualitatif berbasis data-data sekuder berupa dokumen kebijakan, laporan resmi pemerintah dan pemberitaan media massa, studi ini mendapati bahwa politik luar negeri Indonesia di bawah Presiden Joko Widodo dilaksanakan untuk mendukung program pembangunan nasional. Dengn kata lain, politik luar negeri Presiden Joko Widodo adalah politik luar negeri untuk mengejar keperluan-keperluan dalam negeri. Oleh karenanya, corak diplomasi yang diterapkan adalah diplomasi ekonomi yang memang dibutuhkan untuk mendukung agenda pembangunan nasional, terutama penyelesaian program infrastruktur dan lainnya. Diplomasi ekonomi baru dalam terminologi tetapi sesungguhnya adalah revitalisasi diplomasi non-politik yang pernah dilaksanakan oleh Indonesia sebelumnya.Kata-kata kunci: politik luar negeri, diplomasi ekonomi, Indonesia, kemitraan ekonomi.  This article explains the concept of economic diplomacy of Indonesian foreign policy under President Joko Widodo in 2015-2018. Economic Diplomacy is not only one of the Indonesian foreign policy directions under Joko Widodo but it was more as the most important characteristic and reference of Indonesian diplomacy of the period. Using a qualitative study that rellied upon the secondary data of policy documents, government reports, and media reporting from Kompas daily newspaper, this study concluded that the Indonesian foreign policy under President Joko Widodo was conducted to support the national development program, or foreign policy for domestic needs. Economic diplomacy was needed to support this national agenda of mega projects infrastructure and other development programs. This economic diplomacy was new in terminology but it was only a variant of non-political diplomacy which had been done by the ministry for foreign affairs of Indonesia in the previous administrations.  Keywords: foreign policy,  economic diplomacy, Indonesia, economic partnership.
Screening of FDA Approved Drugs Against COVID-19 Main Protease: Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Balakrishnan Vijayakumar , Lakshminarayanan Karthik
Published: April 2020

In the end of December 2019, a new strain of coronavirus was identified in the Wuhan city of Hubei province in China. Within a shorter period of time, an unprecedented outbreak of this strain was witnessed over the entire Wuhan city. This novel coronavirus strain was later officially renamed as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) by the World Health Organization. The mode of transmission had been found to be human-to-human contact and hence resulted in a rapid surge across the globe where more than 1,100,000 people have been infected with COVID-19. In the current scenario, finding potent drug candidates for the treatment of COVID-19 has emerged as the most challenging task for clinicians and researchers worldwide. Identification of new drugs and vaccine development may take from a few months to years based on the clinical trial processes. To overcome the several limitations involved in identifying and bringing out potent drug candidates for treating COVID-19, in the present study attempts were made to screen the FDA approved drugs using High Throughput Virtual Screening (HTVS). The COVID-19 main protease (COVID-19 Mpro) was chosen as the drug target for which the FDA approved drugs were initially screened with HTVS. The drug candidates that exhibited favorable docking score, energy and emodel calculations were further taken for performing Induced Fit Docking (IFD) using Schrodinger’s GLIDE. From the flexible docking results, the following four FDA approved drugs Sincalide, Pentagastrin, Ritonavir and Phytonadione were identified. In particular, Sincalide and Pentagastrin can be considered potential key players for the treatment of COVID-19 disease.