bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF ANISOTROPY OF NEUTRON EMISSION IN THE THERMONUCLEAR PLASMA FOCUS INSTALLATION
Authors: Moldabekov Zh. M. , Zhukeshov A. M. , Gabdullina A. T. , Amrenova A. U.
Published: May 2021

The dynamic characteristics of neutron emission and anisotropy depending on the gas pressure in a thermonuclear installation of a plasma focus were studied. Two plastic scintillation photoelectron multipliers and two activation detectors were used for diagnostic measurements. Experimental results showed that the values of neutron emission fluctuate in the range 5,5 106-5,11 107 n/imp also were explained two mechanisms of neutron production and anisotropy in the optimal pressure range.
ASSESSING EFFICIENCY OF REMEDIATION IN A RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED TERRITORY BY PLOUGHING SOIL
Authors: Panitskiy A. V. , Tulebaeva T. N. , Kunduzbayeva A. E. , Larionova N. V. , Kabdyrakova A. M. , Sultanova B. M.
Published: May 2021

The paper provides results of assessed remediation efficiency in a radioactively contaminated territory by ploughing soil. Efficiency assessment of three soil cultivation technologies was made. Research has shown efficiency in ploughing soil in terms of reduced surface contamination of the territory. EDR levels and levels of β-particle flux density after reploughing of research spots, on the average, have been reduced by 56% and 87% respectively. Radionuclide transfer from the topsoil to underlying horizons can be observed. Maximum activity concentrations at some research spots can be found in soil layers of 20-25 cm. A change in the soil texture is found at remediated spots and in humus content which may point to both deflationary processes and moving silt fractions and humus into the soil depth under gravity and affected by precipitation. The paper also considers the issue of radionuclide carry-away by plants onto the soil daylight surface and the impact by the type of plant root system on this process; an assessment is given to the effect by remediation technologies selected on the process of remediated spots overgrowing with vegetation. On the whole, it is found that soil ploughing to a depth of 30 cm is the most preferable technology with a backset of 180° followed by sowing with steppe vegetation.
THE SYNTHESIS METHODS OF NICKEL OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES - A BRIEF REVIEW
Authors: Mammadyarova S. J.
Published: May 2021

Supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, gas sensors, and electrochromic devices are expected to play a major role in the development of sustainable technologies. Recent progress has demonstrated that nanostructured nickel oxides are very promising candidates for efficient energy conversion and storage systems. Recently, there is a growing interest in nickel oxide nanoparticles due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this work, the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles is primarily categorized with the preparation method. This review also provides a comparative overview of the influence of technological conditions on the properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles.
Preparation and characterization of magnetic nickel nanoparticles by chemical reduction reaction
Authors: Ammar Saad H. Ammar , Ismail Natheer Nori , Abdul Jabbar Marwa F.
Published: May 2021

The efficiency of many of conversion-processes in petroleum and industrial improves upon application of materials with the nanosized scale dimension, which is caused by enhancements and advances of improved properties as the particle size decreases. Nickel nanoparticles has numerous applications in petroleum industry with its own catalytic in additional to the magnetic properties. In this study, high purity nanosized magnetic nickel particles has been effectively prepared by chemical reduction of nickel chloride using hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent in aqueous solutions containing ethylene glycol and water and using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as anti-agglomeration agent. Nanosized Ni particles samples with different hydrazine to nickel chloride mole ratios and PVP to nickel chloride ratios were obtained at constant temperature of 80 °C.

The morphology and structural properties of the produced magnetic nickel nanoparticles were characterized by powder XRD and AFM methods. XRD study revealed that the prepared nanoparticles were pure nickel nanoparticles without considerable oxides or other impurity phases. AFM test revealed that all prepared Ni nanoparticles was in nano scale, it was stated that Ni nanoparticles size was very affected by the hydrazine/nickel mole ratio. Experimental results showed that particle size decreases from 94.35 nm to 71.48 nm when increases the [N2H4]/[Ni2+] molar ratio from 15:1 to 45:1.
Efficiency of conducting cardiobiofeedback in healthy adolescents and adolescents with essential hypertension
Authors: Nesterets A. M. , Sorokin O. V. , Nefedova Zh. V. , Kainara V. G. , Panasenko L. M. , Maksimov V. N.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of using cognitive visceral cardiobiofeedback as a preventive and non-drug method for correcting disturbed regulation mechanisms associated with an increase in blood pressure in adolescents with essential hypertension (EH) against the background of standard antihypertensive therapy with enalapril. Aim of the study was to investigate the indices of the cardiointervalogram (CIG) during a biofeedback session and to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiobiofeedback in healthy adolescents and adolescents with EH living in Novosibirsk.

Material and methods. Each participant underwent a 5-minute CIG recording using the hardware and software complex VedaPulse under physiological rest and during biofeedback session. In the course of biofeedback, the subject was asked to lengthen the expiration phase of the respiratory cycle with parallel relaxation of muscle tone and visual feedback on the dynamics of a multimedia plot reflecting changes in the duration of the cardiac cycle.

Results and discussion. We found that the effectiveness of cardiorespiratory synchronization (CRS) is characterized by an increase in SDNN indicators by 8.3% and the total power of spectral influences (TP) by 23.6% due to a significant increase in the parasympathetic spectral index of HF by 29.4%. An increase in the power index of the spectrum of low-frequency oscillations (LF) by 51.3% can be considered as an element of CRS within 0,1 Hz. In healthy adolescents, the reactivity of the suprasegmental levels of regulation (IC) is preserved and their growth is noted by 7.6%. In adolescents with EH, an increase in the duration of the cardiac cycle by 5.2% and TP by 31.2% was recorded in the course of cardiobiofeedback, which is associated with an increase in the power of the spectrum of high-frequency oscillations (HF) by 2.4%. This phenomenon should be considered as a positive pathophysiological response of the autonomic link of the nervous system, which is recorded by a decrease in blood pressure.

Conclusion. We assume that the test with cognitive visceral cardiobiofeedback can serve as an effective marker for the analysis of the rigidity of autonomic mechanisms of regulation in adolescents with essential hypertension. Conscious regulation of the heart rate through the mechanism of controlled respiration (biofeedback) can be an effective non-drug method for correcting autonomic regulation disorders in adolescents with arterial hypertension, which is manifested by a significant decrease in blood pressure.
Factors associated with post-infarction myocardial remodeling
Authors: Lozhkina N. G. , Mukaramov I. R.
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the problem of postinfarction myocardial remodeling in the current availability of high-tech methods of coronary revascularization in most countries. The authors discuss both wellstudied factors that determine the transformation of acute myocardial injury into chronic heart failure syndrome and new fundamental ones that determine prognosis and treatment. Used information on the topic from publications over the past five years, based on the PubMed, Google Scholar and Russian Science Citation Index databases.
Healthcare Quality: A Comparison of Memorial Medical Center and Doctors Medical Center in Modesto, CA
Authors: Hedel Zilan van
Published: May 2021

Memorial Medical Center has been licensed for 423 acute care beds. In addition, the institution is affiliated with Sutter Health. Indeed, the latter is a not-for-profit association incorporating service providers. Apart from the main specialties highlighted above, Memorial Medical Center has also been documented to offer newborn intensive care. Established in 1970 with a capacity of 99 beds, the recent improvements are attributed to the period after 1996, which has seen it gain affiliation with Sutter Health. Regarding Doctors Medical Center, the institution was established in 1962 and sought to offer healthcare services to the surrounding community. At the time, it was referred to as Doctors Hospital of Modesto before being renamed in 1979. Currently, the facility has over 2,600 employees and forms a dynamic facility with 461 beds. Hence, comparing the two institutions suggests that Doctors Medical Center has a relatively higher bed capacity (461) compared to Memorial Medical Center’s 423 beds. Based on the analysis of the two institutions, a higher bed capacity makes the Doctor Medical Center of more preference. In addition, the institution is preferred due to the capacity to meet patient demands that are deemed challenging. Similarly, the institution remains superior due to the presence of highly specialized expertise and hands-on attention that promise to minimize medication errors while assuring patient satisfaction and, in turn, curbing avoidable re-hospitalizations.
Renal function after nephron-sparing surgery versus radical nephrectomy in localized renal cell carcinoma (T1)
Authors: Jitpraphai Siros , Nualyong Chaiyong , Taweemonkongsap Tawatchai , Srinualnad Sittiporn , Amornwesukit Teerapon , Leewansangtong Sunai , Chaiyaprasithi Bansithi , Chotikawanich Ekkarin , Phinthusophon Kittipong , Suk-ouichai Chalairat , Woranisarakul Varat , Leelahawong Phanpon
Published: May 2021

Objective: To evaluate renal function (GFR) after radical nephrectomy compared to partial nephrectomy in stage T1 renal cell carcinoma patients between 2005 and 2015.

Material and Method: Retrospective chart review of 409 patients who were diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (T1) and treated with radical nephrectomy (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN) between 2005 and 2015 (RN=136, PN=92); 228 patients with pathologically confirmed pT1 remained for analysis and were then evaluated for their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after the surgery.

Results: There were a total of 228 (149 males and 79 females) T1 RCC patients; 136 patients were T1a with RN (57.8%) and 92 with PN (42.2%). Median follow-up was 58 months and 35 months for the RN and PN groups. From the analysis, post-operative eGFR of the RN group was decreased from 77.49 to 59.61 ml/min/1.73m2 and the PN group was decreased from 78.85 to 69.9 ml/min/1.73m2. The comparative eGFR between the 2 groups at 1 month had a significant difference (p-value<0.05). eGFR at 3 months (50.24 in RN vs 64.67 in PN), 6 months (47.98 vs 64.51), 3 years (48.79 vs 67.22) and 5 years (52.63 vs 73.59) were also significantly altered between the 2 groups. The tumor recurrence rate was not significantly different between RN and PN.

Conclusion: We found that patients treated with PN had superior post-operative renal function compared with RN. However, there was no difference in the tumor recurrence rate between the 2 groups after a follow-up of 10 years.
Problematising Plastic: A Visual Analysis of the ‘Jute not Plastic’ Campaign, 1976–1979 (Switzerland, Germany, Austria)
Authors: Bruns Charlotte , Sommer Matthias
Published: May 2021

The paper focuses on the problematisation of plastic within the public sphere. Through a case study of the Jute statt Plastik (Jute not Plastic) campaign that was conducted in Switzerland, Austria and Germany in 1976–1979, we show how ‘a politically mediated process’ can problematise plastic and thereby question consumer values. Jute not Plastic was the first campaign to politicise the public discourse connecting consumption, developmental goals and ecological pollution. Although the materiality of plastic has no fixed meaning in itself, the campaign demonstrates how social representation and sense-making through framing objects and proposing waste-avoiding alternatives can influence ways of seeing plastic. Based on previously unexamined campaign material and using the method of comparative visual analysis, the study shows how the campaign used different visual strategies to frame the jute bag as a morally charged lifestyle product in relation to the plastic bag.
O degelo no Ártico e a nova frente geopolítica para a Rússia
Authors: Iranço Silva Pedro Henrique , Cossul Naiane Inez
Published: May 2021

Com o arrefecimento da Guerra Fria, o Ártico passou de um palco de tensões para uma zona de cooperação. Porém o degelo que ocorre em virtude das mudanças climáticas traz implicações para o desenvolvimento geopolítico da região, devido às grandes camadas de petróleo e gás natural que se tornam acessíveis, principalmente à Rússia. A partir desse contexto, o presente artigo analisa como o degelo do Ártico vem influenciando as dinâmicas geopolíticas do Estado russo na região. Para isso, o artigo está dividido em quatro seções. A primeira apresenta os aspectos históricos e geopolíticos russos no Ártico no século XX. A segunda seção mostra o impacto das mudanças climáticas no Ártico. A terceira seção aborda o novo cenário russo em virtude das mudanças climáticas, analisando como a corrida pelos recursos do Mar Ártico vem aumentando a militarização da região. Dentro desse contexto, parte-se do Dilema de Segurança de Herz (1950) e o Balancing de Waltz (1979) para explicar o desenvolvimento securitário da região, de modo que a quarta seção aborda como o degelo do Ártico traz novas estratégias para países ocidentais e asiáticos, buscando colocar em xeque a influência geopolítica russa. O artigo conclui que há uma correlação direta entre a exposição dos recursos energéticos pelo degelo e o aumento da militarização, tanto pelos russos como pelos diversos atores, podendo escalar para um nível de tensão igual ou maior que o da Guerra Fria.Palavras Chave: Ártico; Geopolítica; Rússia; Mudanças Climáticas; Segurança Internacional.
ESTIMATIVA DA QUANTIDADE DE ÁRVORES URBANAS A PARTIR DE MODELO ESTATÍSTICO E CRIAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE MENDES DE ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA
Authors: Mendes Flávio Henrique
Published: May 2021

As árvores urbanas são fundamentais para a resiliência das cidades. Sua gestão está condicionada às prefeituras, entretanto, muitas delas não têm conhecimento de quantas árvores existem no perímetro urbano, sendo este o ponto inicial para o manejo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver um modelo estatístico capaz de estimar a quantidade de árvores baseado na população da cidade, criando o Índice Mendes de Arborização Urbana (IMAU), com parâmetros quantitativos e sua correspondência qualitativa. A pesquisa baseou-se em inventários de algumas prefeituras do estado de São Paulo que já dispõem de tais informações, e, em complementaridade, analisou situações reais encontradas em campo. Os resultados revelaram mediana igual a 172 árv/1000 hab. (equivalente a 6 hab./árv). Quanto à distribuição nos 645 municípios do estado, as cidades litorâneas apresentaram as menores taxas de arborização urbana, enquanto que as regiões norte e oeste do estado (segundo quadrante), constituem as mais arborizadas. Na capital São Paulo/SP, o destaque positivo foi a Zona Oeste (123,1 árv/1000 hab.) e o negativo, a Zona Leste (somente 44 árv/1000 hab.). O modelo estatístico utilizado para criar o IMAU servirá para que as prefeituras tenham condições de estimar a quantidade de árvores existentes nas calçadas e viabilizem estudos qualitativos.
Snapping Plantaris Tendon: A Rare Case in a Competitive Dancer
Authors: Greene Brady D. , Smith Stacy E. , Smith Jeremy T.
Published: May 2021

Pathology associated with the plantaris includes rupture of the tendon and an association with mid-substance Achilles tendinopathy in some patients. There have only been two previous case reports in the literature in English language describing snapping of the plantaris tendon. We present a case report of a 15-year-old female competitive dancer who described pain and an audible popping at the medial margin of the Achilles tendon while squatting. Physical examination revealed visible and audible popping of the plantaris, and ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis. After symptoms persisted despite nonsurgical treatment with physical therapy, the patient underwent an open plantaris tenotomy. By 8 weeks after surgery, she had resumed dancing. Twenty-three months after her operation, she reported an excellent outcome and full recovery with no limitations to her physical activity. She reported having no pain, a Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Activities of Daily Living Subscale score of 100, and a Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Sports Subscale score of 100. This case demonstrates a successful course of treatment for this uncommon pathology within the context of a competitive dancer.
Pediatric Acetabular Osteomyelitis Treated With Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Lovse Lisa J. , Coupal Stephanie A. , Tice Andrew D. W. , Le Saux Nicole , Carsen Sasha P.
Published: May 2021

Osteomyelitis of the acetabulum is a rare condition accounting for only 12% of pelvic osteomyelitis cases. This report describes a previously healthy 10-year-old girl with subacute acetabular osteomyelitis and subsequent development of secondary septic arthritis of the hip. The patient presented with 3 weeks of groin pain, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, synovial thickening of the hip on ultrasonography and diffuse signal uptake in the acetabulum on magnetic resonance imaging. Despite antibiotic therapy, her symptoms worsened clinically, and repeat Magnetic resonance imaging images showed worsening of the osteomyelitis with likely extension through the acetabulum and into the joint. A hip aspirate was positive for Fusobacterium, an atypical anaerobe. Hip arthroscopy, with identification of the site of extrusion and then extensive débridement and irrigation, was successful in helping to control and ultimately eradicate the infection. The patient regained normal hip function and returned to full activities. This case demonstrates how hip arthroscopy can serve as an important surgical treatment modality for acetabular osteomyelitis with intraarticular extension in addition to septic arthritis of the hip.
Symptomatic Atlas Hypoplasia in a Latin-American Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Pereira Duarte Matias , Camino Willhuber Gasto , Petracchi Matias , Gruenberg Marcelo , Sola Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2021

Background:

Atlas hypoplasia is an infrequent cause of upper cervical stenosis. Only 24 cases in nonsyndromic adult population have been published. We are not aware of previous reports describing isolated fully formed atlas hypoplasia in a Latin-American patient. The purpose of this work was to report a case of an 80-year-old Argentinian woman with cervical myelopathy because of atlas hypoplasia and a literature review about this subject.

Methods:

A clinical case and an extended review of the literature are presented. We assessed from each case: age, sex, posterior atlanto-dens interval, surgical treatment, outcomes, and follow-up period.

Results:

Neurologic symptoms markedly improved after posterior decompression from severe to moderate in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scoring System and from four to three on the Nurick scale. Twenty-five patients were analyzed (mean 58.4 years, 32% female). The mean posterior atlanto-dens interval was 8.8 mm. Twenty-three patients underwent decompression alone, and two needed posterior fusion. All patients reported clinical improvement at an average follow-up of 13 months.

Conclusion:

Cervical myelopathy caused by fully formed atlas hypoplasia is not an exclusive pathology of far east population, and it may present in nonsyndromic patients. Surgical treatment by C1 laminectomy improved neurologic impairment.

Study Design:

Case report and literature review.
General Comment No. 19: De Overheidsbegroting en de Rechten van het Kind
Authors: Arts C.J.M.
Published: May 2021

General Comment No. 19: De Overheidsbegroting en de Rechten van het Kind

In juli 2016 publiceerde het VN-Kinderrechtencomité General Comment 19 dat een uitgebreid overzicht biedt van de consequenties van het Internationaal Verdrag inzake de Rechten van het Kind (hierna IVRK) voor de overheidsbegroting. Na een korte inleiding van het begrip ‘beschikbare middelen’ dat een centrale rol speelt in het Kinderrechtenverdrag, biedt dit artikel een samenvattend overzicht van General Comment 19. Uit dit alles wordt snel duidelijk dat het overheidsbegrotingsproces van groot belang is voor kinderrechten, maar ook dat ervan uit kinderrechtenperspectief vele eisen aan dat proces te stellen zijn die staten voor behoorlijke uitdagingen plaatsen.
L’encadrement par le juge constitutionnel congolais de la jurisprudence relative aux mesures d’application de l’état d'urgence à l’ère de la Covid 19
Authors: KAZADI Eder MBALA
Published: May 2021

Avec la proclamation de l’état d’urgence imposé par la pandémie de COVID-19, le besoin s’est fait sentir d’étudier l’intervention du juge constitutionnel Congolais en cette matière. Des trois arrêts intervenus, en amont comme en aval, en cette matière, la Cour constitutionnelle est partie d’une interprétation à une autre en ce qui concerne la procédure de la proclamation de cette légalité d’exception. Si en 2007 la Cour renvoie à la concertation conformément à l’article 85 de la Constitution du 18 février 2006, en 2019 elle admet qu’il faut l’autorisation du Congrès en vertu de l’article 119 de la même Constitution. Mais en 2020 elle change à nouveau sa position en disant qu’il doit être fait appréciation des faits pour déterminer laquelle de ces deux procédures peut être suivie. Ce qui fait remarquer donc que ces trois différentes positions de la Cour ne découlent pas des mêmes contextes et que, par conséquent, chaque contexte évoqué permet de cerner la particularité du rôle joué par le juge constitutionnel dans l’encadrement de sa jurisprudence et de la consolidation de l’Etat de droit en la matière que la présente étude aborde.
Amerikanischer Staatsbürgersentimentalismus
Authors: Paul Heike
Published: May 2021

Zwischen Nationalismus und Patriotismus, Einheit und Spaltung. Was bedeutet der amerikanische Staatsbürgersentimentalismus für den gesellschaftlichen und nationalen Zusammenhalt der USA?

Das Sentimentale in der amerikanischen politischen Kultur mag konjunkturellen Schwankungen unterliegen, ist aber seit der Gründung der USA ein fest etabliertes Muster zur Erzeugung von öffentlichem Gefühl und Gemeinschaft. Dabei war das verstärkte Auftreten des Sentimentalen in der US-amerikanischen Geschichte stets ein Symptom für politische Krisen und damit einhergehende Krisen der politischen Kommunikation. Dennoch hat sich der Staatsbürgersentimentalismus für amerikanische Staatslenker und Protestbewegungen gleichermaßen bewährt. Die Präsidentschaft Donald Trumps stellt eine eklatante Abkehr von den Konventionen des Staatsbürgersentimentalismus dar. Trump hat immer wieder bewiesen, dass ihm Zeichen der Empathie, des Mitleids, der Trauer fremd sind. Zahlreiche Beispiele zeigen jedoch, dass Amerikanerinnen und Amerikaner in ihrem zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagement den Staatsbürgersentimentalismus in öffentlichen Artikulationen von Trauer, Mitleid und Sorge weiterhin bemühen. Nicht erst seit dem letzten Wahlkampf ist allerdings überdeutlich, dass Mitgefühl und affektive Identifikation nicht mehr hinreichend sind, um die tiefgreifenden gesellschaftlichen Polarisierungen im Land zu überbrücken.
Katzbach - das KZ in der Stadt
Authors: Rudorff Andrea
Published: May 2021

Innovative Studie über ein wenig bekanntes Konzentrationslager in Frankfurt am Main anhand von erstmals ausgewertetem Quellenmaterial.

Wie zahlreiche deutsche Unternehmen beschäftigten auch die Frankfurter Adlerwerke ab Sommer 1944 KZ-Häftlinge in der Rüstungsproduktion und errichteten für deren Unterbringung ein KZ-Außenlager auf ihrem Firmengelände. Insgesamt 1616 Häftlinge, die zum großen Teil aus Polen, aber auch aus der Sowjetunion, Deutschland, Österreich, Jugoslawien, Frankreich und der Tschechoslowakei stammten, wurden dort unter sich stets verschlechternden Bedingungen zu mörderischer Zwangsarbeit eingesetzt. Die Todesrate war mit 527 in Frankfurt verstorbenen Häftlingen besonders hoch.

Die Studie beleuchtet sowohl die Errichtung des Lagers und seine Einbindung in das KZ-System als auch die Verfolgungsgeschichten der Häftlinge und ihre Existenzbedingungen im Lager sowie die Rolle der Unternehmensangehörigen, der Nachbarschaft und der städtischen Behörden, denen die Zustände im Lager nicht verborgen blieben.
Copper, an Abandoned Player Returning to the Wound Healing Battle
Authors: Borkow Gadi , Melamed Eyal
Published: May 2021

Copper has two key properties that endow it as an excellent active ingredient to be used in the “wound healing battle”. First, copper plays a key role in angiogenesis, dermal fibroblasts proliferation, upregulation of collagen and elastin fibers production by dermal fibroblasts, and it serves as a cofactor of Lysyl oxidase needed for efficient dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) protein cross-linking. Secondly, copper has potent wide-spectrum biocidal properties. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including antibiotic resistant bacteria and hard to kill bacterial spores, fungi and viruses, when exposed to high copper concentrations, are killed. Copper has been used as a biocide for centuries by many different civilizations. Impregnation of copper oxide microparticles in wound dressings allows continuous release of copper ions. This results not only in the protection of the wounds and wound dressings from pathogens, but more importantly, enhances wound healing. The article discusses the molecular mechanisms of enhanced wound healing by the copper oxide impregnated dressings, which include in situ upregulation of pro-angiogenic factors and increased blood vessel formation. It also includes clinical cases showing clearance of infection, induction of granulation and epithelialization of necrotic wounds, reduction of post-operative swelling inflammation and reduction of scar formation, in wounds when they were treated with copper oxide impregnated dressings. We show the positive outcome at all wound healing stages of using the copper impregnated wound dressings, indicating the neglected critical role copper plays in wound healing.
Work Cycle of Internal Combustion Engine Due to Rightsizing
Authors: J. Sroka Zbigniew
Published: May 2021

It is worth still working on the development of the internal combustion engine, because its time was not yet over. This was demonstrated by the author’s review of the literature, indicating at least the perspective of 2050 the universality of the engine as the primary propulsion or support in hybrid transport units. The presented considerations may have a broader perspective, when the thermodynamic problems of a thermal machine such as an internal combustion engine are indicated. This chapter deals with the issues of changing the swept volume known as downsizing/rightsizing. An equivalent swept volume was introduced, defined by the coefficients determining changes in the cylinder diameter and the stroke of the piston. An attempt was made to find the mutual relations to the efficiency of the work cycle and engine operating parameters. The research methodology was proposed as a mix of laboratory tests and theoretical analyses, on the basis of which it was established that while maintaining the same value of the downsizing index, despite the various permissible combinations of cylinder diameter and piston stroke changes, the cycle efficiency remains unchanged. The engine operating parameters are changing, resulting from the use of support systems for rightsizing geometric changes.
Advanced Biocrystallogenesis
Authors: Kuta Smatanova Ivana , Havlickova Petra , Kascakova Barbora , Prudnikova Tatyana
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, X-ray crystallography is one of the most popular structural biology methods. Successful crystallization depends not only on the quality of the protein sample, precipitant composition, pH or other biophysical and biochemical parameters, but also largely on the use of crystallization technique. Some proteins are difficult to be crystallized using basic crystallization methods; therefore, several advanced methods for macromolecular crystallization have been developed. This chapter briefly reviews the most promising advanced crystallization techniques and strategies as one of the efficient tools for crystallization of macromolecules. Crystallization in capillaries, gels, microfluidic chips, electric and magnetic fields as well as crystallization under microgravity condition and crystallization in living cells are briefly described.
Physiological and Cellular Targets of Neurotrophic Anxiolytic Phytochemicals in Food and Dietary Supplements
Authors: S. Weeks Benjamin , D. Weeks Samuel , Kim Amanda , Kessler Landon , P. Perez Pedro
Published: May 2021

Diet impacts anxiety in two main ways. First anxiety can be caused by deficiencies in antioxidants, neurotransmitter precursors, amino acids, cations and vitamins and other cofactors. Second, anxiety can be reduced by anxiolytic nutraceuticals which are food molecules that bind to molecular targets of the amygdala and the hypothalamus-pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA-axis). Anxiety is a feeling of fear that arises from a perceived threat and can be a beneficial coping mechanism to threats and stressors. However excessive anxiety is a disorder that interferes with healthy responses to stressors. The amygdala is responsible for assigning value to a threat or stressor and triggering the HPA-axis to support the body wide system responses to the threat. The amygdala also communicates with the neuroplastic learning and memory centers of the hippocampus to fix or set a learned value to the threat. Interestingly, many anxiolytic nutraceuticals that show benefits in human clinical trials have neurotrophic activity and increase neuronal plasticity. Moreover, anxiolytic nutraceuticals either act like the neurotrophins, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) by either directly binding to or potentiating the tyrosine receptor kinase (TRK) family of receptors (TRKA, TRKB and TRKC) and activating the ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway associated with neurite outgrowth and neural plasticity. This chapter will explore the neuritogenic activity of clinically proven plant-based anxiolytic nutraceuticals and examine the commonality of TRKA-C receptors and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the pharmacological and nutraceutical treatment of anxiety disorders.
Digital System Design
Authors: Rajaraman Janani
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this chapter is to study and design various combinational circuits like Verification of Boolean Expression, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer Circuits, Code Converters circuits using LabVIEW tools. This chapter will make the user more comfortable towards learning of Design of Digital Systems. The various types of Boolean Expressions like SOP and POS, Combinational circuits like Adder circuit (Half adder and full adder), Subtractor circuit (Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor), some code converters like Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary, BCD to Gray and Gray to BCD and also Sequential circuits with D flip flop is also being carried out using this LabVIEW.
Psychological Aspects of Neuroinflammatory Disorders in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza
Published: May 2021

Although the COVID-19 pandemic was initially manifested as a contagious respiratory infection, its other aspects quickly became apparent. Accordingly, the disease could affect various organs such as skin, digestive system, and the central nervous system. Apart from these diverse manifestations, it was rapidly cleared that the virus could potentially play a role in causing a wide range of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, various anthropological aspects of COVID-19 and its effects on human life were considered. In this regard, one of the important issues is its psychological effects, not only on the population of healthy people, but also on people suffering from underlying diseases. Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system are included as one group of these diseases. Since these diseases can cause many psychological problems in patients, it is very important to pay attention to them during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the following section, the psychological aspects of COVID-19 in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases are described.
Being-with Smartphones
Authors: Roholt Tiger ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2021

In a social situation, why is it sometimes off-putting when a person reaches for his smartphone? In small-group contexts such as a college seminar, a business meeting, a family meal, or a small musical performance, when a person begins texting or interacting with social media on a smartphone he may disengage from the group. When we do find this off-putting, we typically consider it to be just impolite or inappropriate. In this essay, I argue that something more profound is at stake. One significant way in which individuals shape their self-identities is through interactions with others in small groups. Much identity-work is interdependent; it requires generating and preserving social contexts. I argue that the smartphone-use of some individuals can fracture a group’s context and thus negatively affect the identity-work of others. In this essay, I examine identity-work, sociality, and personal technology from a perspective of existential phenomenology.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Neoplasia Risk of Colorectal Inflammatory Polyposis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ma Yihong R. , Polydorides Alexandros D.
Published: May 2021

Context.—

Inflammatory polyps (IPs) in inflammatory bowel disease may have been associated in the past with increased neoplasia risk. Additionally, colonic mucosa in filiform polyposis and giant inflammatory polyposis may be difficult to visualize during endoscopic surveillance, perhaps contributing to early colectomy in these patients.

Objective.—

To examine the clinicopathologic characteristics and significance of IPs and inflammatory polyposis in inflammatory bowel disease.

Design.—

We identified 336 resections from inflammatory bowel disease patients (212 [63.1%] male; mean age, 40.3 years; 175 [52.1%] with ulcerative colitis), including 78 with rare/few (<10) IPs, 141 with multiple (≥10) IPs, and 117 with inflammatory polyposis (including 30 with filiform polyposis/giant inflammatory polyposis) and compared them with 100 controls without IPs along various parameters, including overall and occult (unexpected) dysplasia.

Results.—

There was no increased neoplasia in resections with IPs compared with controls, given similar age, disease duration, degree of inflammation, anatomical extent of colitis, prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and tissue sampling. Increasing numbers of IPs and inflammatory polyposis were significantly associated in multivariate analysis with ulcerative and indeterminate colitis (P = .003) and shorter disease duration (P = .01), but also, and independently, with lower rates of dysplasia overall, including all grades (P = .001) and advanced neoplasia (P = .04). There were no instances of occult dysplasia (any grade) among inflammatory polyposis cases.

Conclusions.—

These findings support the conclusion that the presence of IPs per se, and inflammatory polyposis in particular (including filiform polyposis and giant inflammatory polyposis), should not be considered an independent risk factor for the development of neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease patients, outside the context of disease duration and inflammatory burden.
Recensiones//Book reviews
Authors: Campos Barrionuevo Blas
Published: May 2021

Rubio Roldán, M. J., Martín Cuadrado, A. M. y Cabrerizo Diago, J. (2020). Recursos para atender la diversidad en contextos educativos. Editorial UNED, 284 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-362-7620-6.
Recensiones//Book reviews
Authors: Alba Abad Myr¡am del Rocío
Published: May 2021

Sánchez García, M.F. y Suárez Ortega, M. (2018). Orientación para la construcción del proyecto profesional. Editorial UNED, 334 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-362-7474-5
Contra la híper-constitución colonial de los derechos fundamentales, en búsqueda de un núcleo intercultural compartido
Authors: Pegoraro Lucio
Published: May 2021

El ensayo critica el occidentalismo jurídico y denuncia el enfoque universalista del derecho público/constitucional basado en los derechos fundamentales/humanos, en apoyo al ataque que la globalización desarrolla contra el pluralismo social, cultural, político, económico y jurídico. Se analizan los elementos que comparten varias culturas y tradiciones jurídicas, y sugiere una propuesta alternativa de «núcleo duro» constitucional/transnacional, centrado no sólo en el imperialismo de los derechos fundamentales/humanos y la dignidad, Grundnorm del mundo occidental, sino en valores como la comunidad, la solidaridad y la fraternité, propios de occidente y de tradiciones juridícas orientales y del Sur del mundo.The essay criticises legal ‘Westernism’, and challenges the universalistic approach to public/constitutional law based on fundamental/human rights. To this extent, it highlights how globalisation harshly confronts social, cultural, political, economic, and legal pluralism. After analysing common elements among different cultures and traditions, it suggests an alternative constitutional/transnational “hard core”. The proposed new “hard-core” focuses on different values, i.e. community, solidarity, and fraternité as the funding elements of Western, as well as Eastern and Southern, legal traditions. In so doing, the essay rejects the ‘orientalist’ approach based on an allegedly Western Grundnorm, and avoids the theoretical —and potentially pragmatic— imperialism of fundamental/human rights and dignity.
Los límites de la autonomía parlamentaria hoy. La influencia del conflicto catalán sobre el control de los actos parlamentarios sin valor de ley por el Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Gómez Corona Esperanza
Published: May 2021

En el proyecto soberanista catalán, el Parlament ha tenido un papel muy destacado a través de la aprobación no sólo de leyes, sino de numerosas Declaraciones y Resoluciones que pretendían implementar la hoja de ruta independentista, y que han sido recurridas sistemáticamente ante el Tribunal Constitucional. En este trabajo vamos a analizar las resoluciones del Tribunal Constitucional recaídas sobre la actividad del Parlamento catalán sin valor de ley, al objeto de delimitar si se apartan de la jurisprudencia constitucional relativa a la posición y funciones del parlamento y de sus miembros. Trataremos así de constatar si esta jurisprudencia ha modificado y en qué medida los márgenes de la autonomía parlamentaria que el Tribunal Constitucional venía reconociendo desde hace décadas.Within the Catalonian sovereigntist project, the Parliament of Catalonia has played a very prominent role through the approval of laws and numerous declarations and motions that sought to implement the pro-independence roadmap, and which have been systematically appealed before the Constitutional Court. In this paper, we will analyse the Constitutional Court’s rulings on the Catalan Parliament’s activity without legal force to determine whether they deviate from constitutional case-law on the position and functions of the Parliament and its members. In this way, we will try to determine whether and to what extent this case-law has modified the degree of parliamentary autonomy that the Constitutional Court has recognised for decades.
La (in)dependencia del Poder Judicial en Polonia. Sobre la subordinación de los jueces al poder político
Authors: Chmielarz-Grochal Anna , Sulkowski Jaroslaw
Published: May 2021

El texto aborda las últimas reformas del poder judicial y las influencias que a través de las mismas pretender el poder político obtener en aquel. En dos años, se introdujeron varias decenas de cambios que abarcaban muchos aspectos del funcionamiento del poder judicial, lo que llevó a su desestabilización, amenazó el estatus constitucional de los jueces y, como resultado, los derechos fundamentales.The text is an analysis of changes and actions made in Poland within the judiciary. These changes concerned the most sensitive areas from the point of view of the separation of powers and the rule of law. Within two years, several dozen changes were introduced, covering many aspects of the functioning of the judiciary, which led to its destabilization, threatened the constitutional status of judges and, as a result, the rights and freedoms of the individual.
Unión Económica y Monetaria y Comunidades Autónomas: la transformación del principio de autonomía financiera
Authors: Solanes Mullor Joan
Published: May 2021

Un rasgo distintivo del Estado de las Autonomías es el reconocimiento de la autonomía política de las CCAA y, consustancial a ella y a la vez instrumento necesario para hacerla posible sobre todo en su vertiente de la potestad de gasto, también la autonomía financiera. El ordenamiento constitucional español ha amparado esta autonomía, tanto a nivel textual como a través del moldeamiento del Tribunal Constitucional. Sin embargo, la Unión Económica y Monetaria (UEM) ha comportado una transformación sustancial de la perspectiva constitucional de la autonomía financiera, en su vertiente de la potestad de gasto, de las CCAA. Este artículo explora esta transformación, identificando tres etapas distintas —UEM precrisis, UEM en crisis y los intentos actuales de reforma de la UEM y la gestión de los fondos europeos de rescate— que han ido moldeando el principio constitucional de autonomía financiera de las CCAA. Se analiza la interacción entre el ordenamiento constitucional español y el Derecho de la Unión y se señala a este último como motor de transformación constitucional y como un factor decisivo en cuanto a la evolución de la organización territorial del estado español.A distinctive feature of the State of Autonomies is the recognition of political autonomy of the Autonomous Communities and, inherent to it and at the same time a necessary instrument to make it possible, the financial autonomy. The Spanish constitutional system provides protection to that autonomy, both at the textual and case-law levels. The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), however, has led a substantial transformation of the financial autonomy as a constitutional value, from the perspective of the spending power, of the Autonomous Communities. This article explores this transformation and identifies three stages —EMU precrisis, EMU in crisis and the current efforts of reforming the EMU and the allocation and management of the European funds for recovery— which have shaped the financial autonomy of the Autonomous Communities. The article analyzes the interaction between the Spanish constitutional system and the European Union Law and points out the latter as an engine of a constitutional transformation and as a decisive factor in the evolution of the State of Autonomies.
Manuel Jiménez de Parga: El Derecho Político como Ciencia Política
Authors: De Carreras Francesc
Published: May 2021

Semblanza que repasa la vida del jurista D. Manuel Jiménez de Parga.Biographical and wide sketch of Mr. Manuel Jiménez de Parga.
Recensiones
Authors: García Roca Javier , De Diego Arias Juan Luis , Arenas Ramiro Mónica , Burguera Ameave Leyre , Gutiérrez Gutiérrez Ignacio , Galdámez Morales Ana
Published: May 2021

RESEÑA de: Laurence Burgorgue-Larsen. Les 3 Cours régionales des droits de l’homme in context. La justice qui n’allait pas de soi (Javier García Roca)RESEÑA de: Joaquín Varela Suanzes-Carpegna. Historia constitucional de España —I. Fernández Sarasola, Ed.— (Juan Luis de Diego Arias)RESEÑA de: Juan José Solozábal Echavarría. Derechos fundamentales y forma política (Mónica Arenas Ramiro)RESEÑA de: Javier García Fernández. Regulación jurídica y acción política del gobierno en España (Leyre Burguera Ameave)RESEÑA de: Ana Carmona Contreras (dir.). Las cláusulas horizontales de la Carta de derechos fundamentales de la Unión Europea. Manual de uso (Ignacio Gutiérrez Gutiérrez)RESEÑA de: Juan Ignacio Ugartemendía Eceizabarrena y Javier Donaire Villa. F.J. La triple justiciabilidad de las reformas constitucionales (Ana Galdámez Morales)
A lua, o lobo, o copo de vinho e o coração selvagem da arte
Authors: Gonzaga Ricardo Maurício
Published: May 2021

A partir de fragmentos de um recorte autobiográfico, o texto procura, não responder, mas dialogar com a questão proposta pelo editor: “o que me/nos/vos motiva em arte?”. Sob a perspectiva da fenomenologia de Heidegger, parte da análise ontológica do Ser-aí, o modo de ser do ente que somos, em seus aspectos constituintes, para estendê-la ao ser do artista e da arte. Para isso, busca estender o diálogo às genealogias que afetam eletivamente o autor em sua relação prática e teórica com a arte, assim como com as condições contextuais que envolvem a produção, circulação e recepção do trabalho de arte na sociedade contemporânea, seus limites e contingências. Finalmente, debruça-se sobre o momento atual e recente do trabalho de seu autor, de modo a mergulhar em busca dos interesses e motivações que levam a sua realização, assim como ao trânsito entre linguagens do campo ampliado da arte e de campos afins.
No sofá com Huizinga: Autorretrato crítico assumindo a obra de arte como terreno da reflexão estética
Authors: Makowiecky Sandra
Published: May 2021

Pretende-se uma reflexão do processo de análise e crítica das obras de arte, dentro dos regimes de verdade da história da arte, assumidos pela autora, que concebe as obras como terrenos da reflexão estética. Partindo de questões como “o que me/nos/vos motiva?”, ambiciona tecer uma colcha de retalhos que forme um autorretrato crítico. Desenvolvendo reflexões sobre conceitos como belo, enigma, intervalo, fruição estética, transcendente, entre outros, fornece um pano de fundo sobre sua atuação e seus valores como historiadora da arte, tentando responder minimamente ao que pensa da própria atuação, para ao final dizer que são as imagens que a chamam.
Descobrindo Giandomenico Tiepolo: história da arte no balanço de Pulcinella
Authors: Wedekin Luana M.
Published: May 2021

Giandomenico Tiepolo (1727-1804) realizou entre 1759 a 1797 uma série de afrescos em sua residência campestre, a Villa Tiepolo, em Zianigo. Trasladados para o Ca’Rezzonico, em Veneza, fornecem ao visitante contemporâneo um intrigante conjunto, no qual se pode ver exemplares da produção de pintura de gênero do artista, como observador da vida contemporânea e dos tipos sociais, mas também sua dimensão imaginativa, especialmente na sala dos Pulcinella. Focaliza-se alguns destes afrescos, relacionando-os com outras obras e artistas de Veneza do século XVIII, e também colocando-os em diálogo com pesquisadores da Commedia dell’Arte, com relatos de viagem à Itália de J.W. Goethe e o Divertimento per li regazzi, de Giorgio Agamben. Por fim, toma-se as obras estudadas para pensar as motivações para a pesquisa na história da arte, traduzidas no desafio warburguiano de “buscar a nossa ignorância e afugentá-la”. O que Tiepolo não permitiu ver, a misteriosa e inapreensível figura do Pulcinella fazem pensar no fazer história da arte como balanço permanente cujo impulso inicial é sempre um não saber.