bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers E3 ligases in plant stress
Authors: Ghimire Shantwana , Hasan Md Mahadi , Fang Xiang-Wen
Published: April 2024

Plants regularly encounter various environmental stresses such as salt, drought, cold, heat, heavy metals and pathogens, leading to changes in their proteome. Of these, a post-translational modification, SUMOylation is particularly significant for its extensive involvement in regulating various plant molecular processes to counteract these external stressors. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) protein modification significantly contributes to various plant functions, encompassing growth, development and response to environmental stresses. The SUMO system has a limited number of ligases even in fully sequenced plant genomes but SUMO E3 ligases are pivotal in recognising substrates during the process of SUMOylation. E3 ligases play pivotal roles in numerous biological and developmental processes in plants, including DNA repair, photomorphogenesis, phytohormone signalling and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. A considerable number of targets for E3 ligases are proteins implicated in reactions to abiotic and biotic stressors. This review sheds light on how plants respond to environmental stresses by focusing on recent findings on the role of SUMO E3 ligases, contributing to a better understanding of how plants react at a molecular level to such stressors.
Impedance of nanocapacitors from molecular simulations to understand the dynamics of confined electrolytes
Authors: Pireddu Giovanni , Fairchild Connie J. , Niblett Samuel P. , Cox Stephen J. , Rotenberg Benjamin
Published: April 2024

Nanoelectrochemical devices have become a promising candidate technology across various applications, including sensing and energy storage, and provide new platforms for studying fundamental properties of electrode/electrolyte interfaces. In this work, we employ constant-potential molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impedance of gold-aqueous electrolyte nanocapacitors, exploiting a recently introduced fluctuation–dissipation relation. In particular, we relate the frequency-dependent impedance of these nanocapacitors to the complex conductivity of the bulk electrolyte in different regimes, and use this connection to design simple but accurate equivalent circuit models. We show that the electrode/electrolyte interfacial contribution is essentially capacitive and that the electrolyte response is bulk-like even when the interelectrode distance is only a few nanometers, provided that the latter is sufficiently large compared to the Debye screening length. We extensively compare our simulation results with spectroscopy experiments and predictions from analytical theories. In contrast to experiments, direct access in simulations to the ionic and solvent contributions to the polarization allows us to highlight their significant and persistent anticorrelation and to investigate the microscopic origin of the timescales observed in the impedance spectrum. This work opens avenues for the molecular interpretation of impedance measurements, and offers valuable contributions for future developments of accurate coarse-grained representations of confined electrolytes.
Linguistic similarities between Asho Chin and Burmese
Authors: Otsuka Kosei
Published: April 2024

Asho Chin (ISO 639-3: csh), also known as Plains Chin, is a Kuki-Chin language spoken mainly in the southwestern
areas of Myanmar, where Burmese is the dominant language. This paper presents a qualitative linguistic analysis to explore the
similarities between Asho Chin and Burmese. The analysis reveals a significant influence of Burmese on Asho Chin that goes beyond
vocabulary to include grammatical features. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of considering both the temporal and
geographical context of Burmese loanwords in Asho Chin. The findings suggest that Asho Chin is constantly evolving, largely due to
the continued influence of Burmese. This influence is evident in the range of loanwords and linguistic structures in Asho Chin
that appear to have resulted from interaction with Burmese.
Networking in online collaborative translation
Authors: Xu Minhui , Duan Tianze
Published: April 2024

Translation practice on the internet has produced a new mode of translation activity that has significantly
changed the traditional understanding of translation, especially the relationship between different agents. Drawing on Latour’s
Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this study attempts to explore the networking procedure of the translation activity on the website
Wuxia­world of the Chinese martial arts novel Horizon, Bright Moon, Sabre, examining the dynamics of the formation
and function of the network and the roles played by the actors involved. It focuses on the four aspects delineated by ANT: the
confirmation of the scenario, the problematization of content, the enrollment of actors, and the completion of the network. The
findings suggest that the translation practice on Wuxia­world establishes a well-constructed, not a random and unorganized,
network, which attracts loyal fan-readers, enrolls qualified translators, maintains a well-functioning network, and presents a
dynamic structure of immediate interactivity. All these lead to a new and reshaped translator-reader relationship of instant
interaction.
Uniqueness of an inverse cavity scattering problem for the time-harmonic biharmonic wave equation
Authors: Dong Heping , Li Peijun
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses an inverse cavity scattering problem associated with the time-harmonic biharmonic wave equation in two dimensions. The objective is to determine the domain or shape of the cavity. The Green’s representations are demonstrated for the solution to the boundary value problem, and the one-to-one correspondence is confirmed between the Helmholtz component of biharmonic waves and the resulting far-field patterns. Two mixed reciprocity relations are deduced, linking the scattered field generated by plane waves to the far-field pattern produced by various types of point sources. Furthermore, the symmetry relations are explored for the scattered fields generated by point sources. Finally, we present two uniqueness results for the inverse problem by utilizing both far-field patterns and phaseless near-field data.
Effect of polarization on tunnelling electroresistance in ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Ge Tongxin , Wei Haoming , Wu Yangqing , Yang Tengzhou , Cao Bingqiang
Published: April 2024

High-quality epitaxial BiFeO3 (BFO) films were grown on (001)-, (110)- and (111)-oriented Nb:SrTiO3 (NSTO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The type of domain structure can be modulated using BFO ferroelectric films with different crystalline orientations. The ON/OFF ratios obtained in (001)-, (110)- and (111)-oriented Au/BFO/NSTO ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) are 6 × 103, 3 × 104 and 2 × 105, respectively. Analysis of the I–V curves of tunnelling current and average BFO ferroelectric barrier height proves that the polarization intensity of the BFO films modulates both the ferroelectric barrier and the Schottky barrier profile, which further influences the electronic tunnelling probability in BFO FTJs. This work will be useful for further study on achieving a giant ON/OFF ratio and developing insights into the barrier profile and transport mechanism of metal/ferroelectric/semiconductor-type FTJs.
A synergistic combination of 2D MXene and MoO3 nanoparticles for improved gas sensing at room temperature
Authors: Kale Shravani , Sabale Dhanashri , Srivastava Rajat , Londhe Vaishali Phatak , Kale S N
Published: April 2024

MXene Ti3C2T
x
(30% HF-etched, named Ti3C2T
x
-30) plays a pivotal role in the substantial enhancement of the structural modification of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). Additionally, as the surface MoO3 molecules come into contact with reducing gas moieties, they actively participate in gas sensing at room temperature. The percentage of Ti3C2T
x
-30 in the MoO3 matrix was varied at 10%, 20%, and 40%, denoted as MM-10, MM-20, and MM-40, respectively. Structural analysis confirmed the composition of the basic elements and evolution of TiO2 at a higher percentage of Ti3C2T
x
-30. Spectroscopy analysis showed the interactions between Ti3C2T
x
-30 and MoO3, showcasing work functions of 6.91 eV, 6.75 eV, and 7.21 eV for MM-10, MM-20, and MM-40, respectively, confirming MM-20 to be an optimum composition. When the samples were exposed to ammonia gas, MM-20 showed a high response (93% for 100 ppm) at room temperature, with a response time of ∼10 s. Compared to bare MoO3, these samples showed ten-fold improvement. The excess electrons on the surface of Ti3C2T
x
-30 facilitate the formation of O2− species, which also provides stability to the otherwise highly reactive MXene surface. These species actively react with ammonia molecules in the presence of adsorbed MoO3, thereby changing the resistance of the system. This can be a significant step towards imparting high gas sensitivity to metal oxides at room temperature via incorporation of an optimum percentage of optimized Ti3C2T
x
.
Synthesis of ZnO and ZnO/Ag fine particles by plasma-assisted inkjet processing
Authors: Hato Takeru , Nitta Kaishu , Muneoka Hitoshi , Shimizu Yoshiki , Terashima Kazuo , Ito Tsuyohito
Published: April 2024

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and its composite particles with controlled sizes, shapes, compositions, and physical and chemical properties are required for a wide variety of applications. In this study, we report a simple method for synthesising ZnO and ZnO/Ag composite particles via atmospheric-pressure plasma processing using inkjet droplets. Depending on the initial solution concentration, ZnO particles containing voids, with average sizes ranging from submicrons to several microns can be synthesised. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy measurements of the synthesised ZnO/Ag particles suggest that the molar ratio of Ag to Zn in the initial solution was retained in the synthesised particles. A high surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect was observed in the particles synthesised from the solution with an Ag molar ratio of 50% to the total solute. The proposed method enables the synthesis of ZnO particles of various sizes, microstructures, compositions and optical properties with relatively narrow size distributions.
Enhanced second harmonic generation from supercavity mode and magnetic resonance in dumbbell-shaped silicon nanoblock
Authors: Yuan Yuwei , Zheng Yunbao , Ouyang Min , Fan Haihua , Dai Qiaofeng , Liu Haiying , Wu Lijun
Published: April 2024

Electromagnetic multipole resonance can be excited by dielectric nanostructures of appropriate size to effectively promote light-matter interaction. The interactions between light and nanostructures have the capability to enhance the electromagnetic near field, thereby improving the nonlinear effect of nanostructures. We illustrate that the supercavity mode and magnetic dipole (MD) resonance are activated by a single dumbbell-shaped silicon nanoblock, to trap the near-field electromagnetic field energy. Enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG) is achieved by exploiting the localized electromagnetic field at the surface of the nanostructure. Numerical simulations reveal that magnetic quadrupole (MQ) and total electric dipole (TED) can be coupled to the same radiation channel by adjusting continuously the aspect ratio L
out/Ly
(the outer edge length to the length of the nanoblock) of the nanoblock. When the aspect ratio L
out/L
y = 1, the supercavity mode formed by the interference of MQ and TED is excited at λ
1 = 1124 nm. And, the strong magnetic resonance mode formed by the coupling of two MDs in the same direction is also excited at λ
2 = 1248 nm. Supercavity mode and strong MD resonance can effectively capture electromagnetic fields on the surface of nanostructures to attain enhanced SHG. Our study presents a novel approach to enhance the nonlinear optical effect of a single silicon nanostructure, which can lead to the development of more efficient nonlinear optical devices.
Random broadband filters based on combination of metasurface and multilayer thin films for hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Guo Kai , Yang Duo , Liu Bingyi , Guo Zhongyi
Published: April 2024

Metasurface based micro-spectrometer presents a promising avenue for achieving compact, lightweight, and cost-effective solutions for miniaturization of hyperspectral imaging systems. Nevertheless, this type of design encounter limitations primarily due to constrained manipulation mechanism of light field, resulting in high cross-correlation among transmission spectra and imperfect reconstructed images. In this paper, we propose and numerically demonstrate a micro-spectrometer based on metasurface combined with multilayer thin films, whose spectral response improves performance for application, i.e. achieving low spectral cross-correlation. Additionally, we incorporate particle swarm optimization with compressed sensing algorithm to optimize the proposed micro-spectrometer. This approach effectively reconstructs both narrowband and broadband hyperspectral signals with minimal error, achieving an impressive 2 nm spectral resolution. The simulation results of hyperspectral imaging demonstrated that the proposed methodology successfully reconstructs broadband hyperspectral images with an average spectral fidelity of 91.42%. This method holds significant potential for integrating into smartphones and other portable spectrometers, advancing the design of compact hyperspectral imaging systems.
Secluded scalar dark matter and the muon anomalous magnetic moment
Authors: Ghorbani Karim
Published: April 2024

We consider a dark matter (DM) model with a singlet scalar, χ, as our DM candidate, which is secluded from the standard model (SM) and annihilates to the singlet scalar, ϕ, via a contact interaction. The singlet scalar, ϕ, has a leptophilic interaction with the SM leptons and may decay leptonically at tree level, and decays into a pair of photons at loop level. The focus of this work is to consider DM masses below 10 GeV. A viable secluded region is found in the parameter space after imposing the observed relic density. There is a one-loop interaction between scalar DM and the atomic electron in this model. We then apply the available direct detection bounds from Xenon10, Xenon1T and DarkSide on the DM-electron elastic scattering cross section. While the model can explain the muon anomalous magnetic moment, we apply bounds from current and future lepton collider experiments.
Electride pure α-Zr: interstitial electrons induced type-II nodal line
Authors: Jiang Jiayu , Meng Weizhen , Jin Lei , Gao Hongli , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: April 2024

Electrides have attracted significant attention in the fields of physics, materials science, and chemistry due to their distinctive electron properties characterized by weak nuclear binding. In this study, based on first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we report that the pure zirconium with alpha-phase (α-Zr) is expected to be the electrically neutral electride with topological nodal loop. Furthermore, the nodal loop located at the kz
= 0 plane exhibits a clear drumhead-like surface state. The energy levels of the topological nodal loop can be regulated by applying uniaxial strain, resulting in the topological nodal loop being closer to the Fermi level. Remarkably, the work function of the electride Zr shows a significant anisotropy along the (001), (100), and (110) directions, particularly with a low work function of 3.14 eV along the (110) surface. Therefore, we predict that α-Zr provides a promising platform for future research on topological electrides.
Moiré band renormalization due to lattice mismatch in bilayer graphene
Authors: Zhu Xingchuan , Sun Junsong , Feng Shiping , Guo Huaiming
Published: April 2024

We investigated the band renormalization caused by the compressive-strain-induced lattice mismatch in parallel AA stacked bilayer graphene using two complementary methods: the tight-binding approach and the low-energy continuum theory. While a large mismatch does not alter the low-energy bands, a small one reduces the bandwidth of the low-energy bands along with a decrease in the Fermi velocity. In the tiny-mismatch regime, the low-energy continuum theory reveals that the long-period moiré pattern extensively renormalizes the low-energy bands, resulting in a significant reduction of bandwidth. Meanwhile, the Fermi velocity exhibits an oscillatory behavior and approaches zero at specific mismatches. However, the resulting low-energy bands are not perfectly isolated flat, as seen in twisted bilayer graphene at magic angles. These findings provide a deeper understanding of moiré physics and offer valuable guidance for related experimental studies in creating moiré superlattices using two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures.
Migdal–Eliashberg superconductivity in a Kondo lattice
Authors: Awelewa Samuel , Dzero Maxim
Published: April 2024

We apply the Migdal–Eliashberg theory of superconductivity to heavy-fermion and mixed valence materials. Specifically, we extend the Anderson lattice model to a case when there exists a strong coupling between itinerant electrons and lattice vibrations. Using the saddle-point approximation, we derive a set of coupled nonlinear equations which describe competition between the crossover to a heavy-fermion or mixed-valence regimes and conventional superconductivity. We find that superconductivity at strong coupling emerges on par with the development of the many-body coherence in a Kondo lattice. Superconductivity is gradually suppressed with the onset of the Kondo screening and for strong electron-phonon coupling the Kondo screening exhibits a characteristic re-entrant behavior. Even though for both weak and strong coupling limits the suppression of superconductivity is weaker in the mixed-valence regime compared to the local moment one, superconducting critical temperature still remains nonzero. In the weak coupling limit the onset of the many body coherence develops gradually, in the strong coupling limit it emerges abruptly in the mixed valence regime while in the local moment regime the f-electrons remain effectively decoupled from the conduction electrons. Possibility of experimental realization of these effects in Ce-based compounds is also discussed.
Spin-disorder intervened avoidance of quantum criticality in B20 cubic Mn
1−xVx
Si
Authors: Khandelwal Parul , Shanmukharao Samatham S , Babu P D , Suresh K G
Published: April 2024

The effect of negative chemical pressure with the substitution of transition metal V in an itinerant helimagnetically ordered MnSi, Mn

1
−
x

V
x
Si with x = 0–0.1, is explored using dc and ac-susceptibilities. With increasing x, the manifestations are unaffected crystal structure with increasing unit cell volume, suppression of long-range magnetic order, weakening of itinerant character and reduced spin-cooperative phenomenon. The emergence of spin-glass behaviour for

x
⩾
0.1

intervenes in the occurrence of quantum phase transition. The constructed concentration-temperature x-T phase diagram illustrates the substitution-driven changes in the magnetism of MnSi. Further, the study suggests that the presence of a precursor state can favour the formation of spin-textures in magnetically ordered compositions

0
<
x
⩽
0.05

below the ordering temperature.
A multichannel analysis of imbalanced computed tomography data for lung cancer classification
Authors: Sohaib Muhammad , Hasan Md Junayed , Zheng Zhonglong
Published: April 2024

Lung cancer holds the highest fatality rate among cancers, emphasizing the importance of early detection. Computer algorithms have gained prominence across various domains, including lung cancer diagnosis. These algorithms assist specialists, especially in medical imaging, yet current efforts lack comprehensive CT data analysis; especially in handling imbalanced datasets and fully exploiting spatial information. The lack of spatial analysis hinders the ability to identify subtle variations in texture and structure that are crucial for detecting lung cancer early and accurately. Therefore, this study uses a multichannel analysis of computed tomography (CT) images and deep learning-based ensemble learning (MC-ECNN) to find lung cancer even when the data is not balanced. Firstly, the data imbalance issue is tackled through the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SOMTE); afterwards, a multi-channel analysis of the data is performed to explore a distinct set of abstract features. Lastly, a deep ensemble learning method is used to classify the extracted distinct abstract feature set into the appropriate classes. The proposed method uses the discrete Fast Fourier transform (DFFT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT), along with the actual CT scans, for the multi-channel analysis of the data in different domains. The proposed model yielded 99.60% test accuracy on unseen data, which is at least 3% better than the other state-of-the-art studies considered for the comparison. In addition to the classification accuracy, the efficacy of the proposed model has also been justified through precision, recall, F1-score, support value, and misclassification rate.
Innovative integration of multi-scale residual networks and MK-MMD for enhanced feature representation in fault diagnosis
Authors: Li Xueyi , Yuan Peng , Su Kaiyu , Li Daiyou , Xie Zhijie , Kong Xiangwei
Published: April 2024

This article proposes a method based on multi-scale expansion of residual neural networks (ResNets) to address challenges in the operation of rotating components, such as bearings and gears, under complex conditions where they are often affected by environmental noise. This interference leads to weaker fault characteristics, making feature selection difficult and increasing the presence of extraneous information features. To tackle this issue, the proposed method first employs a multi-scale feature ResNet to extract features from vibration signals of rotating machinery. The method decomposes the signal into multiple sub-signals of different scales, extracting local features at each scale. It then uses residual connections to combine these local features to obtain a global feature representation. Furthermore, the article introduces a construction of the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) and minimization of entropy boundaries to adapt to the differences between two domains. The method utilizes multiple kernel functions to calculate distances between data at different scales and combines these distances to obtain a comprehensive measure. By employing the MMD and minimization of entropy boundary approach, the method can more accurately determine whether signals at different scales belong to the same category, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and robustness. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in unsupervised cross-domain fault diagnosis tasks. Future work will focus on further optimizing the architecture of ResNets, enhancing feature extraction capabilities, and exploring advanced data augmentation methods to further improve the model’s generalization performance.
MF-LIO: integrating multi-feature LiDAR inertial odometry with FPFH loop closure in SLAM
Authors: Song Shuai , Shi Xiaojun , Ma Chunyun , Mei Xuesong
Published: April 2024

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a pivotal technology in autonomous vehicle navigation and a significant research area in robotics. Addressing the inaccuracies in point cloud registration of traditional LiDAR SLAM, which lead to localization and mapping errors, we propose a novel LiDAR inertial odometry approach integrating inertial measurement units and a multi-feature joint registration strategy. Initially, we introduce an innovative ground segmentation method and feature categorization strategy, enhancing ground detection mechanisms and optimizing the feature extraction process. Subsequently, our multi-feature joint registration method computes the pose transformations between current frames and the local map. Finally, we employ a global registration method based on fast point feature histograms feature descriptors for coarse alignment, providing initial estimates for the generalized iterative closest point algorithm, thus efficiently and accurately mitigating cumulative errors. Extensive evaluations on the KITTI dataset and real-world campus environment demonstrate that our approach significantly surpasses existing advanced LiDAR SLAM solutions, achieving over a 24% improvement in pose estimation accuracy.
Experimental dataset investigation of deep recurrent optical flow learning for particle image velocimetry: flow past a circular cylinder
Authors: Anjaneya Reddy Yuvarajendra , Wahl Joel , Sjödahl Mikael
Published: April 2024

Current optical flow-based neural networks for particle image velocimetry (PIV) are largely trained on synthetic datasets emulating real-world scenarios. While synthetic datasets provide greater control and variation than what can be achieved using experimental datasets for supervised learning, it requires a deeper understanding of how or what factors dictate the learning behaviors of deep neural networks for PIV. In this study, we investigate the performance of the recurrent all-pairs field transforms-PIV (RAFTs-PIV) network, the current state-of-the-art deep learning architecture for PIV, by testing it on unseen experimentally generated datasets. The results from RAFT-PIV are compared with a conventional cross-correlation-based method, Adaptive PIV. The experimental PIV datasets were generated for a typical scenario of flow past a circular cylinder in a rectangular channel. These test datasets encompassed variations in particle diameters, particle seeding densities, and flow speeds, all falling within the parameter range used for training RAFT-PIV. We also explore how different image pre-processing techniques can impact and potentially enhance the performance of RAFT-PIV on real-world datasets. Thorough testing with real-world experimental PIV datasets reveals the resilience of the optical flow-based method’s variations to PIV hyperparameters, in contrast to the conventional PIV technique. The ensemble-averaged root mean squared errors between the RAFT-PIV and Adaptive PIV estimations generally range between 0.5–2 (px) and show a slight reduction as particle densities increase or Reynolds numbers decrease. Furthermore, findings indicate that employing image pre-processing techniques to enhance input particle image quality does not improve RAFT-PIV predictions; instead, it incurs higher computational costs and impacts estimations of small-scale structures.
Terahertz emission mechanisms in low-temperature-grown and semi-insulating gallium arsenide photoconductive antenna devices excited at above- and below-bandgap photon energies
Authors: F Dela Rosa L N , Publico J B , F Cabello N I , R Ferrolino J P , P Juguilon V P , M Verona I C , Salvador A A , Somintac A S , De Los Reyes A E , Bardolaza H R , Estacio E S
Published: April 2024

In this work, the terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy was employed in studying the carrier dynamics in low-temperature grown (LT-) and semi-insulating (SI-) gallium arsenide (GaAs) photoconductive antenna (PCA) at above- (

λ
=

780 nm,

E
g

=

1.59 eV) and below- (

λ
=

1.55 µm,

E
g

0.80 eV) bandgap excitation. We measured the excitation power dependence of the LT-GaAs (SI-GaAs) THz emission. Then, the equivalent circuit model which considers the (i) photogeneration, (ii) screening effects, and (iii) transport of carriers was utilized in analyzing the THz radiation mechanisms in the above- and below-bandgap excitation of the two substrates. In simulating the above-bandgap THz emission of both PCAs, we employed the direct bandgap excitation model which takes into account the band-to-band transitions of photoexcited carriers. Meanwhile, to simulate the LT-GaAs (SI-GaAs) THz emission at below-bandgap excitation we utilized the two-step photoabsorption facilitated by the mid-gap states. In this model the photoexcited carriers jump from the valence band to the mid-gap states and then to the conduction band. Results suggest that the THz emission from LT-GaAs and SI-GaAs at above- and below-bandgap excitation occur due to band-to-band transitions, and two-step photoabsorption process via midgap states, respectively.
Modelling of energy harvesting with bendable concrete and surface-mounted PVDF
Authors: Xie Jinbao , Xu Yading , Wan Zhi , Ghaderiaram Ali , Schlangen Erik , Šavija Branko
Published: April 2024

Polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composite (ECC) using piezoelectric polymer film has attracted significant interest due to its energy harvesting potential. This work provides a theoretical model for evaluating the energy harvesting of bendable ECC using surface-mounted polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In the mechanical part, concrete damage plasticity model based on the explicit dynamic analysis was utilized to simulate the dynamic flexural behavior of ECC beam under different dynamic loading rates. The mechanism of force transfer through the bond layer between the PVDF film and ECC specimen was simulated by a surface-surface sliding friction model wherein the PVDF film was simplified as shell element to reduce computational cost. Then, the electromechanical behavior of the piezoelectric film was simulated by a piezoelectric finite element model. A simplified model was also given for a quick calculation. The theoretical model was verified with the experimentally measured mechanical and electrical results from the literature. Finally, a parametric analysis of the effects of electromechanical parameters on the efficiency of energy harvesting was performed. The verified theoretical model can provide a useful tool for design and optimization of cementitious composite systems for energy harvesting application.
Cyclic and uniaxial tensile properties of superelastic niti shape memory alloy cables
Authors: Zhou Yuhao , Lian Ming , Wang Yankai , Su Mingzhou
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of various factors, including annealing duration, strain amplitude, cyclic loading, loading rate, and pre-training, on the mechanical properties of Nickel–Titanium shape memory alloy (SMA) cable. The primary focus is on evaluating their recovery ability and energy dissipation capabilities. The tested SMA cable has an outer diameter of 9 mm and a 7 × 7 configuration. The variation of strength, stiffness, residual strain, hysteretic energy, and equivalent viscous damping ratio of SMA cable with the loading cycle is analyzed. Furthermore, the impact of various annealing durations on the tensile strength and elongation of both SMA cables and wires was examined through monotonic tensile tests. The results indicate that the annealing duration considerably affects the superelastic behavior of SMA cables by shifting the stress-strain loops down and widening them. The recovery ability of SMA cable degrades more progressively with increasing loading amplitude and the number of loading cycles. The mechanical properties gradually stabilized after 20 times of constant strain amplitude loading and unloading training. The strain selection for cyclic training should not make the SMA cable in the martensite hardening stage. The recovery ability and peak stress of SMA cable can be significantly improved by pre-training. With the increase of annealing duration, the tensile strength of the SMA cable decreases gradually. Compared with SMA wire, SMA cable has better ductility and robustness and provides sufficient restoring force under large deformation.
Open dynamics of entanglement in mesoscopic bosonic systems
Authors: Schlichtholz Konrad , Rudnicki Łukasz
Published: April 2024

A key issue in quantum information is finding an adequate description of mesoscopic systems that is simpler than full quantum formalism yet retains crucial information about non-classical phenomena like entanglement. In particular, the study of fully bosonic systems undergoing open evolution is of great importance for the advancement of photonic quantum computing and communication. In this paper, we propose a mesoscopic description of such systems based on boson number correlations. This description allows for tracking Markovian open evolution of entanglement of both non-Gaussian and Gaussian states and their sub-Poissonian statistics. It can be viewed as a generalization of the reduced state of the field formalism (Alicki 2019 Entropy
21 705), which by itself does not contain information about entanglement. As our approach adopts the structure of the description of two particles in terms of first quantization, it allows for broad intuitive usage of known tools. Using the proposed formalism, we show the robustness of entanglement against low-temperature damping for four-mode bright squeezed vacuum state and beam-splitted single photon. We also present a generalization of the Mandel Q parameter. Building upon this, we show that the entanglement of the state obtained by beam splitting of a single occupied mode is inherited from sub-Poissonian statistics of the input state.
Exploring bar fractions: a comparative study of galaxy pairs and single galaxies
Authors: Tawfeek Amira A , Samir Rasha M , Abdelhamid Nouran E , Reda Fatma M
Published: April 2024

We present a comprehensive analysis of barred galaxies within two distinct samples: isolated single galaxies (SIG) and isolated galaxy pairs (SIP), drawn from the SDSS-based catalog of isolated galaxies and the catalog of isolated galaxy pair limited to M ≤ −18.5, respectively. Our primary aim is to investigate the influence of tidal effects on the bar fraction (f

bar
) across various galaxy systems. Barred galaxies are identified through automated ellipse fitting analysis supplemented by visual inspection of r-band imaging. A strong correlation between f

bar
and both galaxy morphological type and star formation rate has been revealed. Although, barred galaxies represent a nearly equal percentage of 52% in SIG and 51% in SIP, we found a little evidence for the tidal dependence of bar formation where a notable increase in the f

bar
is observed among galaxies characterized by larger projected separation and higher radial velocity difference between the pair members. In SIGs, we observe a prevalent increasing trend of f

bar
with galaxy mass, contrasting the observed decrease in f

bar
with increasing galaxy mass in SIPs. This discrepancy is consistent with typical trends of weaker bars, suggesting that tidal effect may attenuate the strength of bar structures within galaxy pairs.
A two-dimensional nanomaterial-based fiber optic sensor for humidity and gas sensing application in-depth review
Authors: Venkatesan Kishore Kumar , Samikannu Sathiyan
Published: April 2024

The incredible characteristics of nanomaterial and the benefits of optical fiber may be coupled to provide an exciting new platform for sensing applications. In recent years, there has been significant development and documentation of numerous gas and humidity sensors utilizing optical fiber based on 2D nanomaterials. This review primarily examines the most recent implementations in fiber optic gas and humidity sensing through 2D nanomaterials. With the help of nanomaterial, researchers may be able to fine-tune sensor parameters like thickness, roughness, specific area, refractive index, etc. This could make it possible for sensors to respond faster or to be more sensitive than standard sensors. Optical sensors are a family of devices that use different types of light interactions (i.e., photon-atom) to sense, analyze, and measure molecules for various purposes. Optical sensors are capable of detecting light, often within a narrow band of the electromagnetic spectrum (ultraviolet, visible, and infrared). A fiber optic sensor is an optical device that transforms the physical state of the object being measured into a quantifiable optical signal. Based on the photoelectric effect, the sensor detects light’s wavelength, frequency, or polarisation and transforms it into an electric signal. This review describes the state-of-the-art research in this rapidly evolving sector, impacting sensor type, structure, synthesis, deposition process, detection range, sensitivity, response & recovery time, and application of 2D materials. Lastly, the problems that are currently in the way of using 2D materials in sensor applications are talked about, as well as what the future might hold.
Ab initio prediction of half-metallic and metallic ferromagnetism in ZnO:(Co,Cr) systems
Authors: Jafarova V N , Abdurahmanova U S , Rzayeva S S
Published: April 2024

Doping effects on the electronic and magnetic properties of Zn1−x
(Co,Cr)
x
O systems are investigated within Local Spin Density Approximation and Hubbard U methods. Based on Density Functional Theory the spin-polarization band structures, density of states for investigated systems are calculated. Systematic analysis of the electronic properties shows that TM-doped ZnO has generated new energy levels in the vicinity of Fermi energy level. From first-principle calculations we obtained Cr-ZnO and Co-ZnO systems are metallic and half-metallic ferromagnetic materials, respectively. The obtained results for Cr-doped ZnO 128- and 192-atom supercell systems show magnetic properties with higher Curie temperature than room temperature. There are large local moments, ∼2.9 and ∼4.2 for Co and Cr dopants, respectively. Magnetic moments are related with two electron defects in the supercell structure and unpaired electrons of transition metal. The ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases and the total energy are obtained for x = 2.08%, 3.125%, 4.16%, 6.25%, 8.3%, 12.5%, and 25% impurity concentrations for doped ZnO.
Analysis of lead free CsSnBr3 based perovskite solar cells utilizing numerical modeling
Authors: Dar Shazia Akhtar , Sengar Brajendra Singh
Published: April 2024

In this study, we propose several CsSnBr3-based PSC configurations using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D), incorporating various efficient Electron transport layers (ETLs) such as TiO2, PCBM, WS2, SnO2, ZnO, IGZO, C60, and Hole transport layers (HTLs) like CBTS, CFTS, CuO, CuI, Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT:PSS, P3HT, CuSbS2, CuSCN, and Cu2O. Numerical simulation results reveal that the device structure ITO/WS2/CsSnBr3/Cu2O/Au exhibits outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE), retaining the closest photovoltaic parameter values among 70 different configurations. In this configuration, WS2 served as the ETL, and Cu2O acted as the HTL. This device achieved an outstanding peak PCE of 20.02%. It also boasted a high open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.23 V, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 19.32 mA cm−2, and an impressive fill factor (FF) of 84.18%. In comparison, devices utilizing materials like TiO2, PCBM, SnO2, ZnO, IGZO, and C60 yielded PCE values of 19.72, 19.73, 19.72, 19.73, 19.72, and 15.60%, respectively. Furthermore, for the seven best-performing configurations, we investigated the effects of CsSnBr3 absorber thickness, absorber-acceptor doping density (NA), conduction band offset (CBO), ETL doping density (ND), Capacitance–Voltage (C-V), Mott–Schottky (M-S) characteristics, generation and recombination rates, series resistance (Rse), shunt resistance (Rsh), temperature, current–voltage characteristics (J-V), and quantum efficiency (QE) on performance metrics. Our findings indicate that all seven ETLs, when combined with Cu2O HTL, can serve as excellent materials for fabricating high-efficiency CsSnBr3-based PSCs with the ITO/ETL/CsSnBr3/Cu2O/Au structure. To validate our results, we compared the simulation outcomes obtained with SCAPS-1D for the best seven CsSnBr3-PSC configurations with previously published research works. This comprehensive simulation study opens a promising avenue for the cost-effective production of high-performance, lead-free CsSnBr3-based PSCs, contributing to a greener and pollution-free environment.
Mitigation of the Brighter-fatter Effect in the LSST Camera
Authors: Broughton Alex , Utsumi Yousuke , Plazas Malagón Andrés A. , Waters Christopher , Lage Craig , Snyder Adam , Rasmussen Andrew , Marshall Stuart , Chiang Jim , Murgia Simona , Roodman Aaron
Published: April 2024

Thick, fully depleted charge-coupled devices are known to exhibit nonlinear behavior at high signal levels due to the dynamic behavior of charges collecting in the potential wells of pixels, called the brighter-fatter effect (BFE). The effect results in distorted images of bright calibration stars, creating a flux-dependent point-spread function that if left unmitigated, could make up a large fraction of the error budget in Stage IV weak-lensing (WL) surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). In this paper, we analyze image measurements of flat fields and artificial stars taken at different illumination levels with the LSST Camera (LSSTCam) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in order to quantify this effect in the LSSTCam before and after a previously introduced correction technique. We observe that the BFE evolves anisotropically as a function of flux due to higher-order BFEs, which violates the fundamental assumption of this correction method. We then introduce a new method based on a physically motivated model to account for these higher-order terms in the correction, and then we test the modified correction on both data sets. We find that the new method corrects the effect in flat fields better than it corrects the effect in artificial stars, which we suggest is the result of sub-pixel physics not included in this correction model. We use these results to define a new metric for the full-well capacity of our sensors and advise image processing strategies to further limit the impact of the effect on LSST WL science pathways.
Axiomatic quasi-classical quantization of particle motion in the dissipative media
Authors: Sazonov S V
Published: April 2024

A self-consistent quasi-classical generalization of the axiomatic quantization of the translational motion of a particle in a dissipative medium is proposed, which is modeled by a drag force

F

d

, which depends in a power-law manner on the velocity

v

:

F

d

∼

v
n

, where

n

is an arbitrary real number. A detailed analysis of the quasi-classical coherent state is carried out. It is shown that under condition

n
<
3

the dissipative medium suppresses the quantum properties of particle motion, performing the function of a classical measuring device. Otherwise, there is no suppression of quantum properties.
A graph neural network approach to the inverse design for thermal transparency with periodic interparticle system
Authors: Liu 刘 Bin 斌 , Wang 王 Yixi 译浠
Published: April 2024

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in utilizing machine learning-based techniques for thermal metamaterial-based structures and devices to attain favorable thermal transport behaviors. Among the various thermal transport behaviors, achieving thermal transparency stands out as particularly desirable and intriguing. Our earlier work demonstrated the use of a thermal metamaterial-based periodic interparticle system as the underlying structure for manipulating thermal transport behavior and achieving thermal transparency. In this paper, we introduce an approach based on graph neural network to address the complex inverse design problem of determining the design parameters for a thermal metamaterial-based periodic interparticle system with the desired thermal transport behavior. Our work demonstrates that combining graph neural network modeling and inference is an effective approach for solving inverse design problems associated with attaining desirable thermal transport behaviors using thermal metamaterials.
Disorder-to-order transition induced by spontaneous cooling regulation in robotic active matter
Authors: Hou 侯 Shuaixu 帅旭 , Wang 王 Gao 高 , Ma 马 Xingyu 星宇 , Wang 汪 Chuyun 楚云 , Wang 王 Peng 鹏 , Chen 陈 Huaicheng 怀城 , Liu 刘 Liyu 雳宇 , Wang 王 Jing 璟
Published: April 2024

In classical matter systems, typical phase-transition phenomena usually stem from changes in state variables, such as temperature and pressure, induced by external regulations such as heat transfer and volume adjustment. However, in active matter systems, the self-propulsion nature of active particles endows the systems with the ability to induce unique collective-state transitions by spontaneously regulating individual properties to alter the overall states. Based on an innovative robot-swarm experimental system, we demonstrate a field-driven active matter model capable of modulating individual motion behaviors through interaction with a recoverable environmental resource field by the resource perception and consumption. In the simulated model, by gradually reducing the individual resource-conversion coefficient over time, this robotic active matter can spontaneously decrease the overall level of motion, thereby actively achieving a regulation behavior like the cooling-down control. Through simulation calculations, we discover that the spatial structures of this robotic active matter convert from disorder to order during this process, with the resulting ordered structures exhibiting a high self-adaptability on the geometry of the environmental boundaries.
K-core attack, equilibrium K-core, and kinetically constrained spin system
Authors: Zhou 周 Hai-Jun 海军
Published: April 2024

Kinetically constrained spin systems are toy models of supercooled liquids and amorphous solids. In this perspective, we revisit the prototypical Fredrickson–Andersen (FA) kinetically constrained model from the viewpoint of K-core combinatorial optimization. Each kinetic cluster of the FA system, containing all the mutually visitable microscopic occupation configurations, is exactly the solution space of a specific instance of the K-core attack problem. The whole set of different jammed occupation patterns of the FA system is the configuration space of an equilibrium K-core problem. Based on recent theoretical results achieved on the K-core attack and equilibrium K-core problems, we discuss the thermodynamic spin glass phase transitions and the maximum occupation density of the fully unfrozen FA kinetic cluster, and the minimum occupation density and extreme vulnerability of the partially frozen (jammed) kinetic clusters. The equivalence between K-core attack and the fully unfrozen FA kinetic cluster also implies a new way of sampling K-core attack solutions.
Comprehensive study of the ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics in Sb2Te3–GeTe superlattices
Authors: Ye 叶 Zhijiang 之江 , Jin 金 Zuanming 钻明 , Jiang 蒋 Yexin 叶昕 , Lu 卢 Qi 琦 , Jia 贾 Menghui 梦辉 , Qian 钱 Dong 冬 , Huang 黄 Xiamin 夏敏 , Li 李 Zhou 舟 , Peng 彭 Yan 滟 , Zhu 朱 Yiming 亦鸣
Published: April 2024

Chalcogenide superlattices Sb2Te3–GeTe is a candidate for interfacial phase-change memory (iPCM) data storage devices. By employing terahertz emission spectroscopy and the transient reflectance spectroscopy together, we investigate the ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics and current transients in Sb2Te3–GeTe superlattices. Sample orientation and excitation polarization dependences of the THz emission confirm that ultrafast thermo-electric, shift and injection currents contribute to the THz generation in Sb2Te3–GeTe superlattices. By decreasing the thickness and increasing the number of GeTe and Sb2Te3 layer, the interlayer coupling can be enhanced, which significantly reduces the contribution from circular photo-galvanic effect (CPGE). A photo-induced bleaching in the transient reflectance spectroscopy probed in the range of ∼ 1100 nm to ∼ 1400 nm further demonstrates a gapped state resulting from the interlayer coupling. These demonstrates play an important role in the development of iPCM-based high-speed optoelectronic devices.