bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes Following Macrolide Use in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Jeong Rachel , Quinn Robert R. , Lentine Krista L. , Lloyd Anita , Ravani Pietro , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Braam Branko , Garg Amit X. , Wen Kevin , Wong-Chan Anita , Gourishankar Sita , Lam Ngan N.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI; cyclosporine, tacrolimus) are critical for kidney transplant immunosuppression, but have multiple potential drug interactions, such as with macrolide antibiotics. Macrolide antibiotics (clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin) are often used to treat atypical infections. Clarithromycin and erythromycin inhibit CNI metabolism and increase the risk of CNI nephrotoxicity, while azithromycin does not.

Objective:

To determine the frequency of CNI-macrolide co-prescriptions, the proportion who receive post-prescription monitoring, and the risk of adverse drug events in kidney transplant recipients.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

We used linked health care databases in Alberta, Canada.

Patients:

We included 293 adult kidney transplant recipients from 2008-2015 who were co-prescribed a CNI and macrolide.

Measurements:

The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause hospitalization, acute kidney injury (creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dL or 1.5 times baseline), or death within 30 days of the macrolide prescription.

Methods:

We identified CNI-macrolide co-prescriptions and compared outcomes in those who received clarithromycin/erythromycin versus azithromycin. We used a linear mixed-effects model to examine the mean change in serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Results:

Of the 293 recipients who were co-prescribed a CNI and a macrolide, 38% (n = 112) were prescribed clarithromycin/erythromycin while 62% (n = 181) were prescribed azithromycin. Compared with azithromycin users, clarithromycin/erythromycin users were less likely to have outpatient serum creatinine monitoring post-prescription (56% vs 69%, P = .03). There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between the 2 groups (17% vs 11%, P = .11); however, the risk of all-cause hospitalization was higher in the clarithromycin/erythromycin group (10% vs 3%, P = .02). The mean decrement in eGFR was significantly greater in the clarithromycin/erythromycin versus azithromycin group (−5.4 vs −1.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < .05).

Limitations:

We did not have CNI levels to correlate with the timing of CNI-macrolide co-prescriptions. We also did not have information regarding the indications for macrolide prescriptions.

Conclusion:

Clarithromycin and erythromycin were frequently co-prescribed in kidney transplant recipients on CNIs despite known drug interactions. Clarithromycin/erythromycin use was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization compared with azithromycin users. Safer prescribing practices in kidney transplant recipients are warranted.
Sport for Development and Peace: Framing the Global Conversation
Authors: Harrison Virginia S. , Boehmer Jan
Published: February 2019

To explore the role of sports journalism in communicating complex social issues, we seek to understand how sport for development and peace (SDP) programs are covered by newspapers around the world. To achieve this goal, we conducted an exploratory content analysis of 284 English-language articles from 2013 to 2016 using Iyengar’s (1991) thematic and episodic frames and Semetko and Valkenburg’s (2000) five generic news frames. Results indicate that coverage of SDP is often episodically framed, attributed to wire reports rather than individuals, and emphasizes responsibility and human interest. These frames may provide limited understanding of SDP issues in the general public and show that sport journalists still need to embrace their role as sport journalists for good. Recommendations are made for journalists covering this topic globally.
Foot Alignment in Symptomatic National Basketball Association Players Using Weightbearing Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: de Cesar Netto Cesar , Bernasconi Alessio , Roberts Lauren , Pontin Pedro Augusto , Lintz Francois , Saito Guilherme Honda , Roney Andrew , Elliott Andrew , O’Malley Martin
Published: February 2019

Background:

Weightbearing cone beam computed tomography (WB CBCT) allows detailed 3-dimensional imaging of the foot and ankle in a weightbearing state and provides improved accuracy and reliability of foot alignment measures, especially when compared with conventional radiographic views.

Purpose:

To describe the foot alignment in National Basketball Association (NBA) players with different symptomatic foot and ankle injuries using WB CBCT and to determine if any predominant morphotype would be identified.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 45 active NBA players (mean age, 24.4 years [range, 20-34 years]; N = 54 feet [29 right, 25 left]) were assessed using WB CBCT. Measurements included the following: (1) foot and ankle offset (FAO), (2) calcaneal offset (CO), (3) hindfoot alignment angle (HAA), (4) angle between the inferior and superior facets of the talus (Inftal-Suptal), (5) angle between the inferior facet of the talus and the horizontal floor line (Inftal-Hor), (6) forefoot arch angle (FAA), (7) navicular-to-floor distance, and (8) medial cuneiform–to-floor distance. Measurements were then compared with values available in the literature for a “normal” foot morphotype.

Results:

Among the 54 feet, the mean FAO was 0.48% (95% CI, –0.25% to 1.21%), the mean CO was 1.18 mm (95% CI, –0.50 to 2.87 mm), and the mean HAA was 1.42° (95% CI, –0.80° to 3.65°). The mean Inftal-Suptal angle was 5.31° (95% CI, 3.50°-7.12°), while the mean Inftal-Hor angle was 4.04° (95% CI, 2.56°-5.51°). The mean FAA was 15.84° (95% CI, 14.73°-16.92°), the mean navicular-to-floor distance was 38.30 mm (95% CI, 36.19-40.42 mm), and the mean medial cuneiform–to-floor distance was 26.79 mm (95% CI, 25.30-28.28 mm). None of these values were found to be significantly different when comparing forwards, guards, and centers.

Conclusion:

NBA players presenting with symptomatic foot and ankle injuries had a fairly “normal” foot morphology, with a tendency toward a varus hindfoot and a high-arched morphotype. No significant differences were found between players based on their position on the court. WB CBCT may help to shed light on anatomic risk factors for common injuries in professional players and may aid in the planning of specific prevention programs.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Retinal Detachment Associated With Atopic Dermatitis: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Grewal Parampal S. , Rubin Uriel , Greve Mark D.J. , Somani Rizwan , Baker Chad F. , Ehmann David , Tennant Matthew T.S.
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to describe the characteristics and outcomes of retinal detachment (RD) repair associated with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods:

A single-center, retrospective review of all patients with RD associated with AD between January 2007 and December 2017 was conducted.

Results:

Ten patients (13 eyes) were included with a mean age of 23.5 ± 6.4 years; 6 of the patients were male (60%). The average follow-up was 41.3 ± 34.8 months. Seven eyes developed proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and recurrent RD (53.8%). The mean number of retinal surgeries was 2.3 ± 1.3. Three eyes had a scleral buckle alone (23.1%), 4 eyes had vitrectomy only (30.8%), and 6 eyes had both scleral buckle and vitrectomy (46.2%). Five eyes had prior cataract surgery (38.5%), 5 eyes had cataract at presentation (38.5%), and 5 eyes developed lens subluxation (38.5%). The mean presenting best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.14 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Snellen equivalent, 20/276) and the mean final BCVA was 1.06 (Snellen, 20/230; P = .83). The retina was successfully reattached at final follow-up in all 13 eyes (100%).

Conclusions:

RD is a challenging complication of AD with a high rate of PVR, recurrent RD, cataract, and lens subluxation. Patient education and physician awareness are necessary for timely diagnosis, appropriate counseling, and optimal surgical planning.
Frequent germline mutations of HAVCR2 in sporadic subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Polprasert Chantana , Takeuchi Yasuhide , Kakiuchi Nobuyuki , Yoshida Kenichi , Assanasen Thamathorn , Sitthi Wimonmas , Bunworasate Udomsak , Pirunsarn Arunrat , Wudhikarn Kitsada , Lawasut Panisinee , Uaprasert Noppacharn , Kongkiatkamon Sunisa , Moonla Chatphatai , Sanada Masashi , Akita Nobuhiro , Takeda June , Fujii Yoichi , Suzuki Hiromichi , Nannya Yasuhito , Shiraishi Yuichi , Chiba Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Miyano Satoru , Rojnuckarin Ponlapat , Ogawa Seishi , Makishima Hideki
Published: February 2019

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma affecting younger patients and associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. To clarify the molecular pathogenesis of SPTCL, we analyzed paired tumor and germline DNAs from 13 patients by whole-exome sequencing. All cases were Asians and were phenotypically sporadic with no family history of SPTCL. Consistent with a recent report, germline mutations in HAVCR2, encoding T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM3), were identified in 11 of 13 (85%) cases. All mutated cases were primary SPTCL, whereas the 2 cases without mutation were secondary SPTCL associated with underlying diseases, including viral infection and autoimmune disease. Ten patients harbored homozygous p.Y82C mutations, and 1 showed compound heterozygous mutations (p.Y82C and p.T101I). Both missense mutations altered highly conserved residues located in the extracellular immunoglobulin variable–like domain. According to the Genome Aggregation Database of >138 500 general individuals, both mutations were documented with minor allele frequencies < 0.007, indicating remarkable enrichment of these HAVCR2 alleles in SPTCL. SPTCL cells also harbored somatic mutations (6.2 per patient) that are frequently identified in genes associated with epigenetic regulation and signal transduction. In conclusion, individuals harboring biallelic HAVCR2 (TIM3) germline mutations were highly susceptible to sporadic SPTCL, which was also associated with clonal somatic mutations.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long non-coding RNA LINC00968 attenuates drug resistance of breast cancer cells through inhibiting the Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway by regulating WNT2
Authors: Xiu Dian-Hui , Liu Gui-Feng , Yu Shao-Nan , Li Long-Yun , Zhao Guo-Qing , Liu Lin , Li Xue-Feng
Published: February 2019

Background

Breast cancer is one the most common cancers, making it the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with tightly regulated expression patterns, also serve as tumor suppressor during tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of LINC00968 in breast cancer via WNT2-mediated Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Methods

Breast cancer chip GSE26910 was utilized to identify differential expression in LINC00968 and WNT2. The possible relationship among LINC00968, transcriptional repressor HEY and WNT2 was analyzed and then verified. Effects of LINC00968 on activation of the Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway was also tested. Drug resistance, colony formation, cell migration, invasion ability and cell apoptosis after transfection were also determined. Furthermore, tumor xenograft in nude mice was performed to test tumor growth and weight in vivo.

Results

WNT2 expression exhibited at a high level, whereas LINC00968 at a low expression in breast cancer which was also associated with poor prognosis in patients. LINC00968 targeted and negatively regulated WNT2 potentially via HEY1. Either overexpressed LINC00968 or silenced inhibited activation of the Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby reducing drug resistance, decreasing colony formation ability, as well as suppressing migration and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells in addition to inducing apoptosis. Lastly, in vivo experiment suggested that LINC00968 overexpression also suppressed transplanted tumor growth in nude mice.

Conclusion

Collectively, overexpressed LINC00968 contributes to reduced drug resistance in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of the Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway through silencing WNT2. This study offers a new target for the development of breast cancer treatment.
Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on social–ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Haddaway Neal R. , Cooke Steven J. , Lesser Pamela , Macura Biljana , Nilsson Annika E. , Taylor Jessica J. , Raito Kaisa
Published: February 2019

Background

Mining activities, including prospecting, exploration, construction, operation, maintenance, expansion, abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing of a mine can impact social and environmental systems in a range of positive and negative, and direct and indirect ways. Mining can yield a range of benefits to societies, but it may also cause conflict, not least in relation to above-ground and sub-surface land use. Similarly, mining can alter environments, but remediation and mitigation can restore systems. Boreal and Arctic regions are sensitive to impacts from development, both on social and environmental systems. Native ecosystems and aboriginal human communities are typically affected by multiple stressors, including climate change and pollution, for example.

Methods

We will search a suite of bibliographic databases, online search engines and organisational websites for relevant research literature using a tested search strategy. We will also make a call for evidence to stakeholders that have been identified in the wider 3MK project (https://osf.io/cvh3u/). We will screen identified and retrieved articles at two distinct stages (title and abstract, and full text) according to a predetermined set of inclusion criteria, with consistency checks at each level to ensure criteria can be made operational. We will then extract detailed information relating to causal linkages between actions or impacts and measured outcomes, along with descriptive information about the articles and studies and enter data into an interactive systematic map database. We will visualise this database on an Evidence Atlas (an interactive, cartographic map) and identify knowledge gaps and clusters using Heat Maps (cross-tabulations of important variables, such as mineral type and studied impacts). We will identify good research practices that may support researchers in selecting the best study designs where these are clear in the evidence base.
Adaptive waveform inversion: Practice
Authors: Guasch Lluís , Warner Michael , Ravaut Céline
Published: February 2019

Adaptive waveform inversion (AWI) reformulates the misfit function used to perform full-waveform inversion (FWI), so that it no longer contains local minima related to cycle skipping. It does this by finding a model that drives the ratio of the predicted and observed data sets to unity rather than driving the difference between these two data sets to zero as is the case for conventional FWI. We apply AWI to a 3D field data set acquired over a pervasive gas cloud in the North Sea, comparing its performance with that of conventional FWI in a variety of circumstances. When starting inversion from 3 Hz, and using a good starting model obtained from reflection tomography, FWI and AWI generate similar models although the FWI result contains edge artifacts that are not produced by AWI. However, when the starting frequency is increased to approximately 6 Hz, or when the starting model is less accurate, FWI fails to recover a good model whereas AWI continues to converge. When both of these conditions apply, FWI fails comprehensively, leading to a model that is significantly worse than the starting model, whereas the AWI result remains largely unaffected. We applied Kirchhoff depth migration to the fully-processed data using the FWI result obtained following reflection tomography, and using the AWI result obtained from a simple one-dimensional starting model. We use the resulting migrated volumes, together with measures of residual moveout throughout the volume, to show that the AWI result from a simple starting model is at least as good as the FWI result obtained following tomography. We conclude that AWI is robust in the presence of cycle skipping on this 3D field data set, and can proceed successfully from a less-accurate starting model, and from a higher starting frequency, in circumstances in which FWI fails completely.
Delivering the Transforming Care programme: a case of smoke and mirrors?
Authors: Taylor John L.
Published: February 2019

The Transforming Care national plan for England to develop community services and close hospital beds for people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism was published in October 2015 and is due to finish in March 2019. In this editorial the key plan objectives are evaluated, with particular reference to people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism who offend or are at risk of offending. The conclusion is that, to date, the plan has failed to meet its targets to reduce the number of in-patients with intellectual disabilities and/or autism and to invest in community services, and the number of patients in independent sector beds is increasing.
Self-harm in older adults: systematic review
Authors: Troya M. Isabela , Babatunde Opeyemi , Polidano Kay , Bartlam Bernadette , McCloskey Erin , Dikomitis Lisa , Chew-Graham Carolyn A.
Published: February 2019

Background

Self-harm is a major public health concern. Increasing ageing populations and high risk of suicide in later life highlight the importance of identification of the particular characteristics of self-harm in older adults.

Aim

To systematically review characteristics of self-harm in older adults.

Methods

A comprehensive search for primary studies on self-harm in older adults was conducted in e-databases (AgeLine, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science) from their inception to February 2018. Using predefined criteria, articles were independently screened and assessed for methodological quality. Data were synthesised following a narrative approach. A patient advisory group advised on the design, conduct and interpretation of findings.

Results

A total of 40 articles (n = 62 755 older adults) were included. Yearly self-harm rates were 19 to 65 per 100 000 people. Self-poisoning was the most commonly reported method. Comorbid physical problems were common. Increased risk repetition was reported among older adults with self-harm history and previous and current psychiatric treatment. Loss of control, increased loneliness and perceived burdensome ageing were reported self-harm motivations.

Conclusions

Self-harm in older adults has distinct characteristics that should be explored to improve management and care. Although risk of further self-harm and suicide is high in all age cohorts, risk of suicide is higher in older adults. Given the frequent contact with health services, an opportunity exists for detection and prevention of self-harm and suicide in this population. These results are limited to research in hospital-based settings and community-based studies are needed to fully understand self-harm among older adults.

Declaration of interest

None.
Adrenal Steroids in Female Hypothyroid Neonates: Unraveling an Association Between Thyroid Hormones and Adrenal Remodeling
Authors: Galanou Sofia , Chouliaras Giorgos , Girginoudis Panagiotis , Mengreli Chryssanthi , Sertedaki Amalia , Dracopoulou Maria , Farakla Ioanna , Platis Dimitris , Iliadi Alexandra , Chrousos George P , Dacou-Voutetakis Catherine , Zoumakis Emanuil , Magiakou Alexandra-Maria , Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina , Voutetakis Antonis
Published: February 2019

Context

The adrenal gland undergoes substantial remodeling during the neonatal period, an essential developmental process that remains incompletely understood. With respect to control over the remodeling process and, specifically, the role of thyroid hormones (THs), no human studies have been published. The effects of both hypo- and hyperthyroidism have only been evaluated in adults, focusing on the mature adrenal. Recent studies have identified expression of the TH receptor β1 in the mouse adrenal X-zone and have demonstrated that TH administration could alter the postnatal adrenal remodeling process.

Objective

To address whether THs influence adrenal steroid profiles and adrenal remodeling during the neonatal period.

Methods

We compared the adrenal steroid profile of a naturally occurring prototype, female neonates with severe congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (n = 22, upon diagnosis of CH), with that of euthyroid neonates (n = 20).

Results

Significantly higher levels of adrenal steroids (17-OH-progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Δ4-androstenedione, and testosterone) were measured in neonates with severe CH compared with euthyroid neonates and returned to within normal range after euthyroid state had been established on l-thyroxine replacement therapy, whereas cortisol levels did not differ. TSH values in the CH group were positively correlated with circulating adrenal steroids, whereas free T4 levels were negatively correlated with circulating adrenal steroids.

Conclusions

The hormonal profile of female neonates with severe CH suggests a more active adrenal fetal zone compared with control subjects. These data indirectly associate THs with the adrenal remodeling and maturation process in humans. Based on our results, we suggest that severe hypothyroidism decelerates the involution of the adrenal fetal zone that normally occurs postnatally.
Stimulated Thyroglobulin and Thyroglobulin Reduction Index Predict Excellent Response in Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Barres Bertrand , Kelly Antony , Kwiatkowski Fabrice , Batisse-Lignier Marie , Fouilhoux Geneviève , Aubert Bernadette , Dutheil Frédéric , Tauveron Igor , Cachin Florent , Maqdasy Salwan
Published: February 2019

Context

Despite its good prognosis, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is characterized by high rates of disease persistence and recurrence. Estimation of long-term remission (excellent response) thanks to specific parameters could help to individualize the active surveillance schedule.

Objective

Evaluation of the ability of stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) and Tg reduction index (TRI) to predict long-term remission in patients with DTC managed by thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (RAI) remnant ablation.

Patients and Interventions

Observational retrospective study of 1093 patients treated for DTC between 1995 and 2010. Preablation stimulated thyroglobulin (presTg) was measured under thyroid hormone withdrawal just before RAI. Recombinant human TSH–stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) was measured at first evaluation of the initial management 6 to 12 months after RAI. TRI was calculated based on pre-Tg and sTg.

Results

After univariate and multivariate analyses, lymph node invasion (N1, OR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.64), presTg (OR = 4.04; 95% CI, 2.56 to 6.38), sTg (OR = 2.62; 95% CI, 2.05 to 3.34), and TRI (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.88) were identified as independent prognostic factors influencing the rate of disease persistence or recurrence after the initial management. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified presTg cutoff (<10 µg/L) to predict excellent response, with a negative predictive value of 94%, and validated for higher stages (T3/T4, N1). Furthermore, sTg <1 µg/L predicts excellent response. TRI >60% for the entire cohort and 62.5% for locally advanced disease (T3/T4, N1) was sensitive predictor for excellent response.

Conclusion

This study identifies presTg, sTg, and TRI as highly sensitive predictors of excellent response in patients with DTC and subsequently disease-free status. The cutoff of such parameters is also adapted for patients with higher tumor stages (T3/T4, N1).
Intersectionality, Depression, and Voter Turnout
Authors: Ojeda Christopher , Slaughter Christine M.
Published: February 2019

Context: This article untangles the effects of depression on voter turnout among blacks and whites and among women and men and considers several factors—income, health insurance, church attendance, group consciousness, and empowerment—that may mitigate the negative effects of depression on turnout.

Methods: The authors estimated regression models of voter turnout on depression across race and gender groups using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. They used interaction terms to assess whether the effect of depression is conditional on the potential mitigating factors.

Findings: Reporting increased depressive symptoms was associated with a lower probability of voting across electoral contexts for all respondents, and few factors mitigated this negative effect. Only in the case of black men did the authors find that a coethnic candidate mitigated the negative effect of depression, while a higher level of group consciousness did the opposite.

Conclusions: The effect of depression was strong, cut across racial and gender groups, and was generally robust to the effects of income, health insurance, church attendance, group consciousness, and empowerment. More research is required to understand how to reduce depression and improve turnout among those who experience it.
Acute Exercise Prevents Angry Mood Induction but Does Not Change Angry Emotions
Authors: THOM NATHANIEL J. , O’CONNOR PATRICK J. , CLEMENTZ BRETT A. , DISHMAN ROD K.
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Exercise is well known to enhance a variety of mood states, but few studies have been specifically designed to investigate whether acute aerobic exercise alters feelings of anger. The goal of this study was to determine the magnitude of the effects of acute exercise on both angry mood and angry emotions.

Methods

Angry mood and angry emotions were assessed in 16 men with elevated trait anger who viewed a variety of emotionally evocative scenic pictures before and after 30 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise. Angry mood, captured by self-reports of state anger, angry emotions, as indexed by event-related brain activity (e.g., early posterior negativity and late positive potential), and self-reports of anger intensity were measured.

Results

The results indicate that acute exercise both 1) reduces angry mood and 2) mitigates angry mood induction but does not change the intensity of angry emotions or the associated event-related potential responses to anger-inducing pictures in college-age men who have elevated trait anger.

Conclusion

Future studies should explore the mechanisms underlying the effect of exercise on preventing angry mood induction, consider alternative anger induction methods that might induce higher levels of angry emotions, and test the effects of chronic exercise training on anger and its expression.
Cerebral Blood Flow during Interval and Continuous Exercise in Young and Old Men
Authors: KLEIN TIMO , BAILEY TOM G. , ABELN VERA , SCHNEIDER STEFAN , ASKEW CHRISTOPHER D.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Aging is associated with impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) and increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. Acute increases in CBF during exercise may initiate improvements in cerebrovascular health, but the CBF response is diminished during continuous exercise in older adults. The effect of interval exercise for promoting increases in CBF in young and old adults is unknown.

Methods

We compared middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv), end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) and blood pressure (mean arterial pressure [MAP]) during intensity- and work-matched bouts of continuous (10-min 60%W
max, followed by 10-min rest) and interval cycling (10 × 1-min 60%W
max, separated by 1-min rest) in 11 young (25 ± 3 yr) and 10 old (69 ± 3 yr) men.

Results

Middle cerebral artery velocity was higher during continuous compared with interval exercise in the young (P < 0.001), but not in the old. This trend was also seen for changes in PETCO2. Although absolute MAP was higher in the old, the relative rise (%∆) in MAP was similar between age groups and was greater during continuous exercise than interval. When we assessed the total accumulated change in MCAv (area under curve: exercise + recovery), it was higher with interval compared with continuous exercise in both groups (P = 0.018).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that interval exercise may be an effective alternative for promoting acute increases in CBF velocity, particularly in those older adults who may have difficulty sustaining continuous exercise.
Inter-rater and scan–rescan reproducibility of the detection of intracranial atherosclerosis on contrast-enhanced 3D vessel wall MRI
Authors: Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Watase Hiroko , Sun Jie , Shibata Dean K. , Hippe Daniel S. , Balu Niranjan , Hatsukami Thomas , Yuan Chun
Published: February 2019

Objective:

The objective is to establish interscan, inter- and intra-rater reproducibility of a multicontrast three-dimensional contrast-enhanced intracranial vessel wall (IVW) MRI protocol with 0.6 mm acquired (0.3 mm interpolated) isotropic resolution in the detection of intracranial atherosclerosis.

Methods:

Subjects with established intracranial atherosclerosis were prospectively recruited and underwent two contrast-enhanced three-dimensional IVW scans within a 2-week period. Four raters with varying degrees of vessel wall imaging interpretation experience, through an iterative training process developed guidelines for plaque identification with no, possible and definite plaque categories. Using these guidelines, the raters reviewed the cases in pairs (consensus rating), while blinded to the interpretations of the other pair, clinical reports and patient history. The rater pairs reviewed 19 segments per patient for the presence and location of atherosclerotic plaques. Inter-scan, inter rater and intra rater reproducibility were assessed.

Results:

19 subjects were scanned twice, with 361 total segments reviewed and 304–324 evaluable segments analyzed in the different reproducibility assessments. Overall inter-rater agreement for possible and definite plaque was 88.9 % [κ = 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.62–0.81)], inter-scan/intra-rater agreement was 82.1 % [κ = 0.58; 95% CI (0.48–0.70)] and inter-scan/inter-rater agreement of 84.5% [κ = 0.64; 95% CI (0.51 – 0.76)].

Conclusion:

Contrast-enhanced IVW imaging, with the utilization of detailed plaque definition guidelines for image review, can be a reproducible technique for the evaluation of intracranial atherosclerosis.

Advances in knowledge:

This work is the first to establish reproducibility of IVW for plaque identification with and without contrast. Reproducibility using contrast is important as most IVW applications rely on lesion enhancement.
ESforRPD2: Expert System for Rice Plant Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Agus Fahrul , Ihsan Muh. , Marisa Khairina Dyna , Candra Krishna Purnawan
Published: February 2019

One of the factors causing rice production disturbance in Indonesia is that farmers lack knowledge of early symptoms of rice plant diseases. These diseases are increasingly rampant because of the lack of experts. This study aimed to overcome this problem by providing an Expert System that helps farmers to make an early diagnosis of rice plant diseases.

Data of rice plant pests and diseases in 2016 were taken from Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia using an in-depth survey, and rice experts from the Department of Food Crops and Horticulture of East Kalimantan Province were recruited for the project. The Expert System for Rice Plant Disease Diagnosis, ESforRPD2, was developed based on the pest and disease experiences of the rice experts and uses a Waterfall Paradigm and Unified Modeling Language. This Expert System can detect 48 symptoms and 8 types of diseases of rice plants from 16 data tests with a sensitivity of 87.5%.

ESforRPD2 is available in Indonesian at http://esforrpd2.blog.unmul.ac.id
Marketing management of interaction of subjects of innovative sphere
Authors: Шерстобитова Татьяна , Sherstobitova Tatiana , Семеркова Любовь , Semerkova Lyubov
Published: February 2019

This monograph discusses the theoretical and methodological bases of marketing of interaction in the innovation sphere. The author analyzes the problems of modern innovative sphere development and the perspectives of network organizational forms. The factors influencing the Russian R&D subjects areexamined. The study of their interaction specificity is presented. There is mechanism of innovation networks formation and development on the interaction marketing basis. Tthecommunicative model of these networks is proposed.
Market infrastructure: organizational and practical aspect
Authors: Суслова Юлия , Suslova Julia , Щербенко Ева , Scherbenko Eva , Волошин Андрей , Voloshin Andrey
Published: February 2019

The monograph presents the theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of market infrastructure as an economic system, studied its Genesis and epistemology, considered the system of indicators of market infrastructure assessment.
Of particular interest in the monograph is the analysis of the development of the infrastructure complex of the consumer market of the Krasnoyarsk territory, trends and prospects of its development.
The monograph will be of interest not only to researchers, students, graduate students, teachers, but also to representatives of business, authorities and all interested in the study of market infrastructure.
Schools without walls during the Portuguese Revolution: the Student Civic Service (1974-77)
Authors: Oliveira Luísa Tiago de
Published: February 2019

This article deals with the Student Civic Service (SCS) of 1974-77, and in particular the Labour and Culture Plan, which was concerned with the collection of ethnographic data and with intervention within the population as it existed in 1975. The SCS was affected by a combination of political conflicts and social dynamics that demanded a new form of political language and social experiences. It facilitated a new appreciation, new discoveries and new challenges between the students and the populations within which they served in terms of politics, customs, generic identities, religion, food, housing and hygiene. Some of the interventions were of a nature that could be characterized by the assumption of identities that were, to a large extent, marked by collective hope. This article pays attention to the history/memory binomial as well as to the relevance of the social movements during the revolutionary period.
Paul Auster
Authors: Hegyi Pál
Published: February 2019

Hegyi Pál Paul Auster-kötete különös vállalással indít. A befutott prózaíró sikerkönyvei helyett a kudarcos fiatal költő-drámaíró korai, mellőzött műveiben kutatja fel azt a poétikai közös nevezőt, amely a jelenből visszatekintve egységében képes láttatni a szerteágazó életművet. A trauma-író Auster szövegeinek középpontjában örvénylő hiány fehér tereit feltérképezve a szerző egészen az áttörést jelentő Üvegvárosig, a posztmodern anti-detektívtörténetként kanonizált New York trilógia első kötetéig kalauzolja el olvasóit. Csakhogy az út során, akár egy Auster-regényben, lassan lefoszlanak az azonosság biztonsággal ámító címkéi, hogy annál nyugtalanítóbb kérdéseknek adják át helyüket. A tanulmánykötet írója így hát vitára invitálja Paul Auster hazai közönségét, mivel a tét nem kicsiny, az amerikai szerző szavaival élve mindez „élet-halál kérdése”. Mert ugyan mi is lehetne zavarba ejtőbb vagy fenyegetőbb az önazonosság kérdéseinél?
The Poet and the Woman
Authors: Radnóti Miklós
Published: February 2019

Miklós Radnóti (1909-1944) was a major Hungarian poet of the interwar period and Holocaust. Like his various volumes of poetry, the prose in this collection also combines traditional and modern themes and styles-and often produces unexpected results. Radnóti studied at what is today the University of Szeged and, in 1935, published his dissertation on the work of the novelist and poet Margit Kaffka (1880-1918). Born into a Jewish family in Budapest, Radnóti also spent time in France and Czechoslovakia before World War II. After periods of forced labor in Ukraine and Serbia, he was executed near Győr on one of the death marches in 1944.

This set of pre-war prose pieces spans a wide variety of settings, from peasant huts in Hungary to a bohemian nightclub in Venice, and from a ceramics studio to airports and battleships. The forms of the stories range from fables to triptychs of naturalistic vignettes, from spare, conversational narratives to a silent drama. As always, Radnóti’s emphasis is on emotions and people, whether they are writers, grieving children, booksellers, prostitutes, porters, or apprentices. More than anything, these are stories of lovers and love, dogged, irrepressible, illusion-free, and content-or at least natural.

John K. Cox, the translator, is a professor of East European History at North Dakota State University.
Lysozyme from Chicken Egg White as an Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Kusumaningrum Harsi Dewantari , Nasution Syahrizal , Kusumaningtyas E , Faridah D N
Published: February 2019

Lysozyme is one of the constituent proteins of chicken egg white that plays an important role in a protection system during the embryo growing process. Lysozyme protection systems can be applied in food and for health. This paper aims to describe the role of egg white lysozyme which has the antibacterial activity to improve food safety and health. Mechanism and activity of lysozyme protection can be explored by understanding the structure of proteins, type of amino acids, and the sequence of amino acids. The mechanism of lysozyme antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria occurs through its ability to breakdown the peptidoglycan glycosidic bonds in the bacterial cell wall membrane. The antibacterial activity of lysozyme can be increased when its normal lysozyme form was denatured/hydrolyzed through modifying the lysozyme structure by heat and enzymatic treatment. Heat treatment will reveal the active site of lysozyme after denaturation, leading to the destruction of the bacterial cell wall membrane. Enzymatic treatment through hydrolysis process of hydrolysis by protease enzymes will generate antibacterial peptides, which have the ability to inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial lysozyme peptides and heat treated lysozyme are dominated by hydrophobic amino acids and positively charged to facilitate interaction between lysozyme and lipopolysaccharide which coats peptidoglycan. Antibacterial lysozyme peptide can be used as an antibiotic and a safe natural preservative compared to synthetic material and can reduce the risk of destructive bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. Lysozyme peptide is potential to protect human health since it has also other activities such as inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme, antihypertensive, antitumor, antioxidant, and antiviral agents.
Analisis pengaruh bauran pemasaran jasa terhadap keputusan wali murid memilih sekolah dasar
Authors: Irawan Immanuel Candra
Published: February 2019

Meningkatnya partisipasi penduduk dalam pendidikan dasar membuat para wali murid berlomba-lomba mencari lembaga pendidikan yang berkualitas bagi putra-putrinya sehingga tercipta pula iklim kompetitif bagi lembaga-lembaga pendidikan dasar baik yang berstatus negeri maupun swasta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh bauran pemasaran jasa (produk, harga, tempat, promosi, orang, bukti fisik, dan proses) terhadap keputusan wali murid dalam memilih sekolah dasar (SD). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh wali murid SD YPPK St. Petrus di Kabupaten Nabire, Papua dengan sampel sebanyak 180 orang responden yang putra-putrinya duduk di kelas 1 hingga 3. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi berganda untuk menguji pengaruh bauran pemasaran jasa yang signifikan baik secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap keputusan wali murid dalam memilih sekolah. Hasil pengujian statistik menunjukkan bahwa bauran pemasaran jasa secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi keputusan memilih sekolah. Hasil lainnya memperlihatkan variabel produk, harga, tempat, promosi, orang, bukti fisik, dan proses secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputuan memilih sekolah, sedangkan variabel harga dan tempat secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan memilih sekolah. Adapun di antara variabel-variabel tersebut, variabel promosi merupakan variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi keputusan memilih sekolah.
Photobiological safety of LED-based lighting systems – theory and practical hazard assessment
Authors: Haferkemper Nils , Pepler Wjatscheslaw
Published: February 2019

This article gives an insight into the theory and application of photobiological safety assessment. To illustrate several aspects of this topic, the project ‘Measurement and assessment of optical radiation sources, relevant to the general population – Risk estimation to the eye, especially blue light hazard and glare’ by the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection, where 40 different products were measured and assessed, is used as an exemplary case. Products were chosen which were promoted to have a high output intensity and which are available to the public. Most of the products with incoherent radiation were classified in risk group 2 according to DIN EN 62471:2009 [DIN EN 62471:2009 – ‘Photobiologische Sicherheit von Lampen und Lampensystemen’]. Only a few of them were labeled correctly or had the right warning notice. Additionally, to the results of this market survey, practical aspects of the hazard measurement and assessment are emphasized.
Isolation and Characterization of a Phage to Control Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Raza Taskeen , Andleeb Saadia , Ullah Sidra Rahmat , Jamal Muhsin , Mehmood Khalid , Ali Muhammad
Published: February 2019

Enterococcus faecium, is an important nosocomial pathogen with increased incidence of multidrug resistance (MDR) – specifically Vancomycin resistance.E. faeciumconstitutes the normal microbiota of the human intestine as well as exists in the hospitals and sewage, thus making the microorganism difficult to eliminate. Phage therapy has gained attention for controlling bacterial MDR infections and contaminations. We have successfully isolated from waste water and characterized a lytic bacteriophage STH1 capable of targeting Vancomycin resistantEnterococcus faecium(VREF) with high specificity. The phage was isolated from sewage water of a hospital at district Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Initial characterization showed that magnesium and calcium ions significantly increased phage adsorption to the host. One step growth experiment showed a latent period of 18 min with burst size of 334 virions per cell. Optimal temperature and pH of the phage was 37°C and 7.0, respectively. Phage application to host strain grown in milk and water (treated and untreated) showed that the phage efficiently controlled bacterial growth. The study suggests that the phage STH1 can serve as potential control agent forE. faeciuminfections in medical facilities and in other environmental contaminations.
Glycogen Phosphorylase Isoenzyme Bb, Myoglobin and BNP in ANT-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Di Jia-Yin , Zhang Zong-Xin , Xin Shao-Jun
Published: February 2019

Anthracyline (ANT) has been demonstrated as a useful treatment for leukemia and solid tumors. However, ANT has previously reported cardiotoxic effects, which can reduce the therapeutic index for cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the associations of glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB), myoglobin (Mb), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) with anthracycline (ANT-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC)) amongst the Chinese population. Patients suffering from leukemia were recruited. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography were used along with chemotherapy to determine left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity (E/A), E-wave deceleration time (EDT), and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT). Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was employed to examine and compare serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP levels. Following chemotherapy, the patients presented higher levels of serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP than before chemotherapy treatment. The levels of LVEF (%), E/A, and IVRT were significantly decreased after chemotherapy, while EDT was markedly increased. The cumulative ANT dose was positively corelated to serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP levels while it was negatively corelated to LVEF levels. In conclusion, serum GPBB, Mb, and BNP levels in combination might provide higher diagnostic accuracy in the early detection of AIC compared with other single indicators.
Plasmonic field guided patterning of ordered colloidal nanostructures
Authors: Huang Xiaoping , Chen Kai , Qi Mingxi , Zhang Peifeng , Li Yu , Winnerl Stephan , Schneider Harald , Yang Yuanjie , Zhang Shuang
Published: February 2019

Nano-patterned colloidal plasmonic metasurfaces are capable of manipulation of light at the subwavelength scale. However, achieving controllable lithography-free nano-patterning for colloidal metasurfaces still remains a major challenge, limiting their full potential in building advanced plasmonic devices. Here, we demonstrate plasmonic field guided patterning (PFGP) of ordered colloidal metallic nano-patterns using orthogonal laser standing evanescent wave (LSEW) fields. We achieved colloidal silver nano-patterns with a large area of 30 mm2 in <10 min by using orthogonal LSEW fields with a non-focused ultralow fluence irradiation of 0.25 W cm−2. The underlying mechanism of the formation of the nano-patterns is the light-induced polarization of the nanoparticles (NPs), which leads to a dipole-dipole interaction for stabilizing the nano-pattern formation, as confirmed by polarization-dependent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This optical field-directed self-assembly of NPs opens an avenue for designing and fabricating reconfigurable colloidal nano-patterned metasurfaces in large areas.
Improvement of High-Order Harmonic Generation Via Controlling Multiple Acceleration–Recombination Process
Authors: Li Yi , Feng Li-Qiang , Qiao Yan
Published: February 2019

The multiple acceleration–recombination process in high-order harmonic generation (HHG) has been investigated and discussed. Generally, the HHG can be explained through the ionization–acceleration–recombination process in each half-cycle waveform of the laser field. In this article, through the waveform control via the two-colour frequency-chirping laser field, the multiple acceleration–recombination process of the free electron in a specific “W” waveform structure can be found, which will lead to the larger emitted photon energies. Moreover, with the optimization of this “W” waveform by changing the frequency chirps, the carrier envelope phases, and the delay time, not only the efficiency of HHG can be enhanced compared with that from the original chirp-free pulse, but also the larger harmonic cutoff can be obtained. Further, with the assistance of the unipolar pulses, the cutoff and the efficiency of HHG can be further improved, showing a water window spectral continuum with the intensity enhancement of 66 times. As a result, by properly superposing some selected harmonics on the spectral continuum, three intense 38-as pulses in the water window region can be obtained.