bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of eyelashes on electric field distribution and absorbed power density in the cornea under millimeter‐wave exposure
Authors: Foroughimehr Negin , Vilagosh Zoltan , Yavari Ali , Wood Andrew
Published: October 2024

As millimeter wave (MMW) technology, particularly in fifth‐generation (5G) devices, gains prominence, there is a crucial need for comprehensive electromagnetic (EM) models of ocular tissues to understand and characterize EM exposure conditions accurately. This study employs numerical modeling to investigate the interaction between MMW and the cornea, aiming to characterize EM field distributions and absorption within an anatomically accurate eye model while considering the influence of eyelashes. Using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method, we conduct simulations of EM radiation interactions from 20.0 to 100.0 GHz with a human eye model. Moreover, we analyze the temperature distribution increase within the eye model using a thermal sensor in XFdtd, employing a scheme based on the finite difference (FD) method. Our findings reveal a nonuniform distribution of the EM field, particularly intensified in corneal regions adjacent to eyelashes and eyelids. Despite similar EM field patterns, the presence or absence of eyelashes has minimal impact on temperature differences. However, the study highlights increased radiation absorption by the eyelid's epidermis at 100.0 GHz, reducing the rise in the cornea's temperature.
A Novel Fluorescent/Colorimetric Dual‐Signal Intelligent Detecting Platform (F/C‐BMIPs) Based on “Borate‐Molecular Imprinting” Collaborative Recognition for Visual Quantitative Detection of Rutin in Food Samples
Authors: Zhang Lei , Niu Xueying , Yan Zhenmin , Liu Chang , Zhang Yu , Wang Peiting , Wang Milan
Published: October 2024

Herein, a novel fluorescent/colorimetric dual‐signal intelligent detecting platform (F/C‐BMIPs) based on ratiometric fluorescence (BA‐N‐GQDs/rhodamine 6G) and collaborative recognition (borate‐MIPs) was developed for on‐site visual quantitative detection of rutin (RT) in food samples. Furthermore, the above detection system is transferred to the test strips, and combined with the color recognition ability of smartphones, the portable and user‐friendly visualization and quantitative detection of RT (F/C‐BMIPs method) is realized. Under optimal conditions, the assay system has a wide linear range of 0.2–10 μM (F‐BMIPs)/0.45–10 μM (F/C‐BMIPs), and 10–100 μM (F‐BMIPs and F/C‐BMIPs), a detection limit as low as 0.02 μM (F‐BMIPs)/0.056 μM (F/C‐BMIPs) (S/N = 3), highly imprinted factor (IF = 5.04), and fast fluorescence response (90 s). In addition, this method was successfully applied to the detection of RT in two real samples (raw buckwheat and Sophora japonica), and the recovery rate was 95.6%–103.5%. Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy for the on‐site rapid detection of cis‐diol‐containing flavonoids in food samples.
Blue‐Purple evaluation: Chromoproteins facilitate the identification of BioBrick compatibility
Authors: Ba Fang , Zhang Yufei , Wang Luyao , Liu Wan‐Qiu , Li Jian
Published: October 2024

Synthetic BioBricks introduce novel capabilities to manipulate genetic information, direct transcription‐translation processes, and program cellular behaviors in living organisms. To maintain the stability and functionality of synthetic BioBricks, assembled DNA fragments should be mutually compatible without inducing negative effects such as metabolic burden or cellular toxicity in host cells. However, a simple, rapid, and reliable method to evaluate BioBrick compatibility remains to be developed. In this study, we report BP (Blue/Purple, Ban/Pick) evaluation, a method utilizing chromoproteins to facilitate the identification of BioBrick compatibility in one‐pot reactions. By visualizing and quantifying the ratio of blue to purple Escherichia coli (E. coli) colonies on LB‐agar plates, we can easily validate the compatibility of desired BioBrick constructions. To demonstrate our design, we characterized BioBrick assemblies with antitoxin‐toxin pair ccdA‐ccdB, lysis protein E, or heterologous protein sfGFP. Among these, we successfully identified several compatible assemblies. We anticipate that BP evaluation will enhance biotechnological assessments of BioBrick compatibility in vivo and expand the application of chromoproteins in synthetic biology.
ASD or OCD? An evidence‐based differentiation of repetitive behaviors
Authors: Towne Molly , Lachance Kathryn
Published: October 2024

While distinct diagnoses, the behavioral presentation of ritualistic/repetitive behaviors seen in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can present similarly. This results in difficulty with accurate diagnosis and implementation of evidence‐based treatments. OCD is characterized by prolonged and recurrent unwanted thoughts, known as obsessions, which cause a feeling of intense anxiety or distress. As a result, people with OCD perform repetitive behaviors known as compulsions to help alleviate distress. ASD is characterized as a developmental disorder causing persistent challenges associated with social communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB), and impairment in functioning. While the definitions are distinct, accurate conceptualization is not always clear. The picture can become even more complex with comorbidities. To parse these behaviors apart, we can consider the course of the behavior and assess the function. With better ability to differentiate, we can have a clearer picture of how to support the youth and family.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2024

Objective measures of ADHD

Where adolescents get information about contraception
Social media and the youth mental health crisis: Is there a relationship?
Authors: Walters Anne S.
Published: October 2024

I attended a recent webinar, “Beyond the hype: What research tells us about social media use in youth mental health” (August 2024), expecting the panelists to focus on the adverse effects of screen time. Interestingly, they offered a different perspective, one of nuanced findings in a young area of research, the suggestion to “take the panic level down” and still recognize risk factors (Schleider, 2024), and how social media might be a powerful tool for promoting positive mental health in youth.
Impact of prior hospitalization for heart failure on clinical outcomes of patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with new‐generation devices: Insights from the LAPLACE‐TAVI registry
Authors: Fukutomi Motoki , Onishi Takayuki , Ando Tomo , Higuchi Ryosuke , Hagiya Kenichi , Saji Mike , Takamisawa Itaru , Iguchi Nobuo , Takayama Morimasa , Shimizu Atsushi , Shimizu Jun , Doi Shinichiro , Okazaki Shinya , Sato Kei , Tamura Harutoshi , Yokoyama Hiroaki , Takanashi Shuichiro , Tobaru Tetsuya
Published: October 2024

Background

A history of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgical aortic valve replacement is associated with the prognosis of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). However, the impact of prior HHF on clinical outcomes after contemporary TAVI using new‐generation transcatheter heart valves (THVs) has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods

Using data from the aLliAnce for exPloring cLinical prospects of AortiC valvE disease (LAPLACE)‐TAVI registry, we investigated 2,752 patients who underwent TAVI with new‐generation THVs with a median follow‐up of 627 days. The primary outcomes were all‐cause mortality and heart failure readmission after TAVI.

Results

Patients with a history of HHF (n = 809) showed a higher 30‐day mortality than patients without prior HHF (n = 1,943). A Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the prior HHF group showed a higher incidence of the primary outcome than the non‐prior HHF group (27.4% vs. 16.4%, log‐rank p = 0.001). In a Cox regression analysis, prior HHF was significantly associated with the risk of the primary outcome, even after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio, 1.344; 95% confidence interval, 1.103–1.638; p = 0.003). A subanalysis showed that the prior HHF group with ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 50% had a higher risk of the primary outcome than the non‐prior HHF group, whereas the prior HHF group with EF < 50% had the worst outcome.

Conclusion

A history of prior HHF is associated with worse outcomes in patients with severe AS, both in those with preserved EF and those with reduced EF, even after TAVI using new‐generation devices.
A Practical Guide to 3D Printing for Chemistry and Biology Laboratories
Authors: Pamidi Arjun S. , Spano Michael B. , Weiss Gregory A.
Published: October 2024

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing promises a revolution in laboratory creativity by enabling rapid prototyping, broader availability of scientific apparatuses, and transformative scientific workflows. We believe all chemistry and biology laboratories should equip themselves with one or more 3D printers and a critical mass of scientists trained to operate them. This overview surveys the techniques, intricacies, and pitfalls associated with 3D printing of functional parts, including measurements, computer‐aided design, slicing, limitations of 3D printing, troubleshooting, tips for tricky filaments, and 3D printer maintenance. A flow cells are essential tools in chemistry and biology laboratories, we discuss techniques relevant to the construction of watertight 3D‐printed parts. Finally, we articulate a set of principles required for reporting 3D‐printed innovations to improve the field's reproducibility and encourage iterative improvements by other scientists. Ideally, authors, peer reviewers, and editors will adopt these principles. We hope these protocols inspire a new generation of publications applying 3D printing in chemistry and biology—especially highly reproducible inventions with the requisite detail and associated documentation. Such reports will facilitate broad adoption and creative iteration of the most innovative designs, thus accelerating discovery in chemistry and biology. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A New Life for Tionite Industrial Waste: Regeneration Strategy towards Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Viganò Lorenzo , Di Credico Barbara , Parrino Francesco , Keller Nicolas , Bellotto Maurizio , D'Arienzo Massimiliano , Mostoni Silvia , Latorrata Saverio , Dotti Anna , Nisticò Roberto , Scotti Roberto
Published: October 2024

Industrial waste management is an urgent problem to solve possibly by recycling, reuse and recovery of resources. In this framework, the sludge of the TiO2 manufacturing, called tionite, is of certain interest because it contains metallic oxide‐bearing impurities, dangerous to the environment. Hence, we propose a strategy to recover TiO2 from tionite, towards its effective re‐use as a photocatalyst. In detail, tionite was treated under acidic or alkaline conditions to remove impurities and improve the TiO2 accessibility, and each single purification step was monitored by a thorough multi‐technique characterization.

The photocatalytic activity of the modified tionite materials was tested for the partial oxidation of ferulic acid to vanillin, a relevant sustainable green reaction, being vanillin an industrially relevant high added value compound and ferulic acid an abundant component of lignin present in industrial waste. All the tionite catalysts have shown significant efficiency in terms of vanillin selectivity respect to the benchmark TiO2 P25. In particular, the sample treated under acidic conditions showed the best performances, due to specific interaction between the organic substrates and the catalyst. Results demonstrated that an industrial waste such as tionite can be valorized by proposing a tailored regeneration strategy.
A Decoupled Modulation Strategy for Constant Voltage/Current Wireless Charging System Under High Coils Misalignment
Authors: Cheng Bing , He Liangzong
Published: October 2024

Output fluctuation and lower transmission efficiency under load and mutual inductance variation are hot concerned in the wireless charging system for power batteries. In this paper, a decoupled tracking strategy is proposed to realize constant voltage (CV) or current (CC) output and high transmission efficiency. The circuit model of series–series compensation network is built, and corresponding transmission characteristics can be derived. First, the load and mutual inductance value can be estimated by measuring the primary electrical information, including the inverter output voltage, current, and the phase error between them. Then load‐independent voltage or current output characteristics under coils misalignment can be maintained by tracking the optimal switching frequency of inverter part. In addition, the value of output voltage or current can be adjusted flexibly for different operation occasions by the employment of pulse‐width modulation. As a result, the load‐independent output characteristics realization and output adjustment can be decoupled. Based on only the primary measuring information, the CV/CC output can be maintained via the proposed hybrid control strategy when the coils misalignment and load variation happen, increasing the robustness of whole wireless power transfer (WPT) system. Furthermore, the soft switching of all power switches in the inverter part can be realized to reduce the switching loss. Compared with previous research, the proposed wireless charging system has a higher power density and a simplified control strategy. Finally, an experimental platform with 60‐V charging voltage and 3.6‐A charging current is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed sys‐tem and control method.
An Identical Code–Data Based Nonorthogonal Multiple Access
Authors: Vasudevan S. , Stuwart S. Lenty
Published: October 2024

Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising technique operating with limited resources. NOMA can be executed in both power and code domains. Cyclic interleaved NOMA strategies are debated in recent literature, combining power and code domains. Identical code cyclic shift (ICCS) transmission is viewed to be a bridge between code division access and NOMA. We propose identical code–data cyclic shift NOMA (ICDCS‐NOMA) in which the code and data are cyclically shifted in distinction to simple cyclic interleaved transmission introduced in our earlier work and the ICCS transmission. The cell‐edge user in a NOMA pair engages its signal transmission using ICDCS; in contrast, the cell‐center user prefers simple cyclic interleaved transmission. The spread data stream and its cyclic shifted version are blended in ICDCS, followed by cyclic interleaving. A distinct and extreme fading channel pair is assumed with the same number of paths for the edge and center users. Diversity combining multipath signals is embraced at the edge user terminal, and frequency domain equalization (FDE)/matched filter (MF) receiver is employed at the center user. The simulation indicates the dominance of the proposed ICDCS‐NOMA transmission in terms of the attained diversity gain over the conventional, ICCS, and simple cyclic interleaved transmissions.
Accelerating Lithium Deposition Kinetics Via Lithiophilic Ag‐Decorated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Spheres for Stable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Lim Hyojun , Choi Minsu , Kang Haeun , Choi Wonchang
Published: October 2024

This study presents a novel Li metal host material with a unique hollow nano‐spherical structure that incorporates Ag nano‐seeds into a graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) shell layer, referred to as g‐C3N4@Ag hollow spheres. The g‐C3N4@Ag spheres provide a managed internal site for Li metal encapsulation and promote stable Li plating. The g‐C3N4 spheres are uniformly coated using polydopamine, which has an adhesive nature, to enhance lithium plating/stripping stability. The strategic presence of Ag nano‐seeds eliminates the nucleation barrier, properly directing Li growth within the hollow spheres. This design facilitates highly reversible and consistent lithium deposition, offering a promising direction for the production of high‐performance lithium metal anodes. These well‐designed g‐C3N4@Ag hollow spheres ensure stable Li plating/stripping kinetics over more than 500 cycles with a high coulombic efficiency of over 97%. Furthermore, a full cell made using LiNi0.90Co0.07Mn0.03O2 and Li‐g‐C3N4@Ag host electrodes demonstrated highly competitive performance over 200 cycles, providing a guide for the implementation of this technology in advanced lithium metal batteries.
Elucidating the Limit of Lithium Difluorophosphate Electrolyte Additive for High‐Voltage Li/Mn‐Rich Layered Oxide || Graphite Li Ion Batteries
Authors: Arifiadi Anindityo , Demelash Feleke , Brake Tobias , Lechtenfeld Christian , Klein Sven , Alsheimer Lennart , Wiemers‐Meyer Simon , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes
Published: October 2024

Li/Mn‐rich layered oxide (LMR) cathode active materials offer remarkably high specific discharge capacity (>250 mAh g−1) from both cationic and anionic redox. The latter necessitates harsh charging conditions to high cathode potentials (>4.5 V vs Li|Li+), which is accompanied by lattice oxygen release, phase transformation, voltage fade, and transition metal (TM) dissolution. In cells with graphite anode, TM dissolution is particularly detrimental as it initiates electrode crosstalk. Lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is known for its pivotal role in suppressing electrode crosstalk through TM scavenging. In LMR || graphite cells charged to an upper cutoff voltage (UCV) of 4.5 V, effective TM scavenging effects of LiDFP are observed. In contrast, for an UCV of 4.7 V, the scavenging effects are limited due to more severe TM dissolution compared an UCV of 4.5 V. Given the saturation in solubility of the TM scavenging agents, which are LiDFP decomposition products, e.g., PO43− and PO3F2−, higher concentrations of the LiDFP as “precursor” cannot enhance the amount of scavenging species, they rather start to precipitate and damage the anode.
Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Catalyst‐Free Acid‐Functionalized Plastic Chip Electrodes
Authors: Kirti  , Bani Rajeshree J. , T. V. Krishnendu , Bhadu Gopala Ram , Srivastava Divesh N.
Published: October 2024

Innovative electrode design is critical for improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and meeting rising global energy demands. Despite the development of numerous carbon materials for water splitting, their potential is hampered by sluggish kinetics, primarily due to high activation energy compounded by various smaller factors, including additives or binders used in electrode modification. To address these limitations, a catalyst‐free plastic chip electrode (PCE) for OER is developed. PCE is functionalized by oxidizing it in acidic media at 1.8 V versus Ag/AgCl and eliminates the need for additives, offering a more accurate industrial representation. The oxidation process enhances the electrode's surface area and introduces electrochemically active oxygen‐containing functional groups. Characterization of the modified PCE is conducted using scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and thermogravimetric analysis, while electrolyte analysis utilizes UV–vis spectroscopy and NMR. The PCE oxidized for 6 h (PCE@6) demonstrates improved OER performance, with an onset overpotential of 260 mV, an overpotential of 1.06 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm−2, and a Tafel slope of 494 mV decade−1. The modified PCE reduces overpotential and minimizes bubble formation, enhancing efficiency and showcasing its potential as a cost‐effective solution for alkaline water electrolysis systems.
Discharging Performance Analysis of MXene Nano‐Enhanced Phase Change Material for Double and Triplex Tube Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Srivastava Utkarsh , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha
Published: October 2024

The present study numerically investigates the energy and exergy analysis of solidification of phase change materials within a double tube and triple tube latent heat storage unit using ANSYS Fluent. Double tube and triple tube thermal energy storage system's thermal characteristics are examined using MXene nano‐enhanced phase change material to determine system efficiency, discharged energy, heat transfer rate, exergy destruction, entropy generation number, exergetic efficiency, liquid fraction, solidification temperature contours. The result revealed that the double tube thermal energy storage with pure cetyl alcohol PCM has 14.76% lower discharge exergy than MXene‐based nano‐enhanced phase change material in pure solidification. In a triple tube thermal energy storage system, the solidification time for MXene‐based nano‐enhanced phase change material is impressively reduced by 54.76% compared to a double tube system using pure phase change material. At a Fourier number of 0.00672, MXene nano‐enhanced phase change material exhibits an 11.69% higher Stefan number (St) than cetyl alcohol phase change material in a double tube thermal energy storage system. At 2400 s, pure phase change material and MXene nano‐enhanced phase change material generated 3.14% and 4.88% less entropy than pure cetyl alcohol in the triple tube thermal energy storage system. During the pure solidification process in a double tube thermal energy storage system, pure cetyl alcohol experiences 7.60% higher exergy destruction compared to MXene nano‐enhanced phase change material at a solidification time of 2400 s. In a triple tube thermal energy storage system, the discharging temperature for pure cetyl alcohol phase change material is 2.92% lower than that in a double tube system. Double tube thermal energy storage with pure cetyl alcohol discharged more efficiently over 2400 s. The triple tube thermal energy storage system solidified cetyl alcohol PCM 20.83% faster than pure phase change material due to MXene nanoparticles' better thermophysical properties. Thus, MXene‐based nano‐enhanced cetyl alcohol phase change material solidifies faster per volume in a triple tube thermal energy storage latent heat system.
Breaking boundaries: Word analysis strategies that draw on students' full linguistic repertoires
Authors: Choi Minkyung
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the need to integrate students' full linguistic repertoires into literacy instruction in middle and high school classrooms. Traditional monoglossic approaches often neglect the linguistic assets multilingual students bring, limiting their academic potential. Drawing on translanguaging theory, this paper explores three strategies—bilingual morpheme mapping, comparative morphological analysis, and multilingual word walls. These strategies seek to enhance vocabulary instruction by utilizing students' home languages and ultimately cultivating a deeper understanding of word formation and meaning. The benefits of such approaches extend beyond multilingual students, offering all students more comprehensive vocabulary knowledge across disciplines. While the advantages of these methods are evident, the paper also identifies limitations and calls for further research to explore the long‐term impacts on literacy development. By advocating for professional learning focused on translanguaging and morphological instruction, this paper highlights the need to incorporate word strategies that enhance literacy for all students.
RNA methylase RBM15 facilitates malignant progression of colorectal cancer through regulating E2F2 in an m6A modification‐dependent manner
Authors: Zhang Huijun , Li Yuanyuan , Zhou Ying , Xu Qihua , Liao Bingling , Qiu Xiaofeng , Liu Jianfeng
Published: October 2024

Recently, RBM15 has emerged as an oncogenic factor in a majority of tumors. However, the mechanism is unclear that accounts for how RBM15‐induces colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and it is in need of further study. We determined RBM15 expression through the UALCAN database and RT‐qPCR. The role of RBM15 in inducing the malignant and aggressive cancerous phenotype was characterized based on the results of the western blot, RT‐qPCR, CCK‐8 and transwell assays. The target genes of RBM15 were screened by LinkedOmics. m6A methylation kit was applied to analyze the methylation levels of mRNA. SRAMP website was employed to predict m6A sites of targeted mRNA. RIP, dual luciferase reporter gene and actinomycin D assay were conducted to verify the interactions between RBM15 and its targeted gene, and the presence of m6A modification site of its targeted mRNA, respectively. We confirmed the augmentation of RBM15 expression in CRC, which also has a high clinical diagnostic value for CRC. Functionally, RBM15 silencing clearly restrained malignant cellular processes in CRC cells. Mechanistically, RBM15 bound to E2F2 which increased its m6A binding and stabilized the corresponding E2F2 mRNA formation. Excessive E2F2 largely restored the repression malignant phenotype of tumor cells caused by RBM15 silencing. RBM15 regulated E2F2 in an m6A modification‐dependent manner thereby boosting malignant cellular processes in CRC. The RBM15/E2F2 axis may be a novel target for CRC therapy.
Leukotriene B4 is elevated in diabetes and promotes ventricular arrhythmogenesis in guinea pig
Authors: Corbin Andrea , Aromolaran Kelly A. , Aromolaran Ademuyiwa S.
Published: October 2024

Diabetes (DM) patients have an increased risk (~50%) for sudden cardiac death (SCD), mostly as a result of ventricular arrhythmias. The molecular mechanisms involved remain partially defined. The potent proinflammatory lipid mediator leukotriene (LT) B4, is pathologically elevated in DM compared to nondiabetic patients, resulting in increased LTB4 accumulation in heart, leading to an increased risk for life‐threatening proarrhythmic signatures. We used electrophysiology, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy approaches to evaluate LTB4 cellular effects in guinea pig heart and ventricular myocytes. We have observed that LTB4 is increased in multiple mouse models (C57BL/6 J/Lepob/ob and PANIC‐ATTAC) of DM, promotes profound cellular arrhythmogenesis (spontaneous beats and early after depolarizations, EADs), and severely depresses the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K current (hERG1/IKr) density in HEK293 cells and guinea pig ventricular myocytes. We have further found that guinea pigs challenged with LTB4 displayed a significantly prolonged QT interval, and that this can be prevented with LTB4R inhibition, suggesting that preventing such LTB4R effects may be therapeutically beneficial in DM. Our data suggests that a further elucidation of LTB4 vulnerable substrates, and how this leads to ventricular arrhythmias, is likely to lead to continued improvements in management options, and the development of new therapies for prevention of SCD in DM patients.
Accuracy and precision of Volumetric Matching Micromotion Analysis (V3MA) is similar to RSA for tibial component migration in TKA
Authors: de Laat Nienke N. , Koster Lennard A. , Stoel Berend C. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Kaptein Bart L.
Published: October 2024

Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the current gold standard to determine implant migration, but it requires bone markers and special equipment. Therefore, we developed VoluMetric Matching Micromotion Analysis (V3MA), a software program for Computed Tomography‐based radiostereometric analysis (CT‐RSA). This study aimed to determine the accuracy and precision of V3MA in vitro compared to RSA and provide a clinical proof of concept. The accuracy (RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error)) and precision (SD (standard deviation)) of V3MA were compared to RSA. A tibial component was placed in 21 different positions within a cadaveric bone to assess accuracy. For precision, a total of 20 repeated zero‐migration examinations from 4 cadaveric bones with cemented tibial components were performed. In 6 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients 1 to 5 year migration was measured with V3MA and RSA. V3MA accuracy ranged between 0.02 and 0.09 mm for translations and was 0.01° for internal–external rotations. For RSA, the accuracy ranged between 0.03 and 0.09 mm for translations and was 0.09° for internal‐external rotations. V3MA precision ranged between 0.01 and 0.06 mm for translations and 0.02 to 0.07° for rotations. RSA precision ranged between 0.00 and 0.06 mm for translations and 0.04 to 0.25° for rotations. V3MA was successful in 6 clinical cases and no systematic bias was present. In conclusion, the accuracy and precision of V3MA were similar to RSA. Therefore, V3MA is a promising alternative to RSA in migration measurements of tibial components in TKA.
Effect of droplet charge density on stabilization of oil‐in‐dispersion emulsions co‐stabilized by binary mixed surfactants and nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Wanqing , Jiang Jianzhong , Cui Zhenggang
Published: October 2024

Ionic surfactant and similarly charged nanoparticles can co‐stabilize oil‐in‐dispersion (OID) emulsions at extremely low concentrations (0.001 cmc/0.001 wt%), in which particles do not adsorb at the oil/water interface but distribute in the aqueous phase forming a dispersion. In this paper, the effect of droplet charge density on stabilization of the n‐decane‐in‐water OID emulsion was examined by using a cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)/C12B (dodecyl dimethyl carboxyl betaine) binary mixture at a low fixed total concentration (0.01 mM) with varying molar fractions of CTAB. A model based on the Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek (DLVO) theory is proposed to calculate interaction energies between droplets and between droplets and particles. It is found that the droplet charge density can be well compensated by particle concentration along the stabilization boundary, and the OID emulsion still follows the DLVO stabilization. Particles tend to surround droplets at large distances but may form a monolayer between approaching droplets at shorter distances, which significantly reduces the van der Waals attraction between droplets. In addition, the induced auxiliary droplet–particle repulsion is proportional to the number of particles per unit area of droplet surfaces, which together with the droplet–droplet repulsion ensures a large total repulsion preventing droplets from flocculation and coalescence. This work explains quantitatively the stabilization of OID emulsions, which have potential applications in emulsion products such as foods, cosmetics, pesticides, and various industrial emulsion systems. Moreover, the development of the OID emulsions represents an important advancement in green chemistry as it substantially reduces the required amounts of emulsifiers and their environmental impact after use.
Differences in Surgical Cancer Care Delivery and Outcomes Between Safety‐Net and Non‐Safety‐Net Hospitals in the United States: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Alsalek Samir , Liu Kristie Q. , Han Jane S. , Christian Eisha A. , Attenello Frank J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Studies evaluating the association of safety‐net hospitals (SNHs) with outcomes of surgical care in cancer patients have demonstrated mixed results. We sought to systematically investigate the association of SNH status with measures of surgical cancer care delivery and outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the literature identified from the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute's tool. The findings were synthesized qualitatively.

Results

Of the 1749 records identified, 33 retrospective studies were included, 79% of which investigated national databases. Risk of bias assessment revealed average score of 78%. Among studies assessing each outcome, lower likelihood of receiving appropriate surgical interventions in SNH patients was reported by 85%; longer intervals to surgery by 100%; and prolonged hospital stays by 73%. Most studies reported no differences in survival (65%) or readmission (67%). Results were mixed regarding complications and mortality. Patient characteristics and shortage of resources and interdisciplinary teams were frequently proposed factors for observed disparities.

Conclusions

Cancer patients at SNHs may be less likely to undergo some surgical treatments and experience longer intervals to treatment but achieve largely comparable short‐ and long‐term outcomes to non‐SNH patients.
Muskrat occurrence in Rhode Island shows little evidence of land use change driving declines
Authors: Crockett John G. , Brown Charles , Gerber Brian D.
Published: October 2024

Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) populations have been in apparent decline across their native range in North America for decades. Several hypotheses exist for the causes of these declines, including loss of wetlands. We used time‐to‐detection data from 925 surveys from 276 sites across Rhode Island, USA, between 2021–2023 to fit an occupancy model that related the probability of muskrat occupancy at a site to land cover classification. We found that muskrat occupancy was higher in areas with more open water, urban land cover, or a second‐order or larger stream, and lower in areas with salt water. We estimated changes in wetland area throughout Rhode Island using the National Land Cover Database classifications from 2001 and 2019 and found a net loss in wetland cover of 219 ha. We calculated the distance between wetland patches in each of these periods and found that patches were closer together than the dispersal distance of muskrats, suggesting isolation is unlikely to be driving muskrat declines. Additionally, when we used our model to predict changes in muskrat occupancy between 2001 and 2019, both mean and median predicted occupancy changed by <0.005. These results indicate that muskrat declines are not driven by habitat loss, and suggest future research is needed that focuses on other hypothesized mechanisms of muskrat declines such as disease, declining habitat quality, predation, and competition.
Presentation and Optimal Management of Anterior and Central Skull Base Osteoradionecrosis: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Shah Sunny R. , Wu Arthur , Sindwani Raj , Tang Dennis
Published: October 2024

Objective

To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the efficacy of conservative treatment versus surgical debridement versus debridement followed by vascularized tissue coverage to provide evidence‐based guidance on the management of osteoradionecrosis of the anterior and central skull base.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

Systematic review and data sources including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were accessed using PRISMA guidelines. Meta‐analysis was performed on treatment type and resolution of osteoradionecrosis.

Results

A total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into conservative medical treatment versus surgical treatment. Conservative treatment included patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy, antibiotics, pentoxifylline‐tocopherol‐clodronate, or a combination of the three. Eight out of 197 patients treated with conservative therapy had resolution of symptoms (4.1%) while 135 of 188 patients treated with surgical intervention had resolution of symptoms (71.8%). Of these, 104 patients (91.2%) in the vascularized tissue group experienced resolution of symptoms.

Conclusion

Surgery was superior to medical treatment alone in the resolution of skull base osteoradionecrosis. Vascularized surgical treatment fared significantly better when compared with both surgical debridement only and/or medical treatment. Our findings suggest that surgical treatment should be considered earlier in patients with skull base osteoradionecrosis to prevent severe or fatal sequelae.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 135:982–990, 2025
A novel treatment of solute drag and solute trapping at a solid–liquid interface during rapid solidification of multicomponent alloys
Authors: Du Qiang
Published: October 2024

In response to the renewed interest in solute drag and solute trapping models fueled by their applications to additive manufacturing, a novel treatment is proposed to describe the diffusional behaviors of solute at a migrating solid–liquid interface during rapid solidification of multicomponent alloys. While the treatment is still built on irreversible thermodynamics and linear kinetic law, its novelty lies in breaking up the classical trans‐interface diffusional flux into two separate fluxes one is the transferred‐back flux with its ending point at the interface and the other is the bumping‐back flux with its starting point at the interface. This novel treatment entails three significant improvements in reference to the existing models. Firstly, it reveals that the degree of solute drag is dependent on the ratio of liquid diffusive speed over interface diffusive speed. Secondly, a novel relation between the distribution coefficient and interface velocity is derived. It amends the confusing behavior seen in Aziz’s without‐drag continuous growth model. Thirdly, the proposed treatment eliminates the need of prescribing the degree of solute drag parameter for the kinetic phase diagram calculation. The numerical solution to the proposed model is presented, and it is ready to be used for the kinetic phase diagram calculation.
Multiscale simulations of amorphous and crystalline AgSnSe2 alloy for reconfigurable nanophotonic applications
Authors: Shen Xueyang , Zhang Siyu , Jiang Yihui , Huang Tiankuo , Sun Suyang , Zhou Wen , Wang Jiangjing , Mazzarello Riccardo , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2024

Chalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCM) have been explored in novel nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic computing technologies. Upon fast crystallization process, the conventional PCM undergo a semiconductor–to–semiconductor transition. However, some PCM change from a semiconducting amorphous phase to a metallic crystalline phase with low conductivity (“bad metal”). In this work, we focus on new “bad metal” PCM, namely, AgSnSe2, and carry out multiscale simulations to evaluate its potential for reconfigurable nanophotonic devices. We study the structural features and optical properties of both crystalline and amorphous AgSnSe2 via density functional theory (DFT) calculations and DFT‐based ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulations. Then we use the calculated optical profiles as input parameters for finite difference time domain (FDTD) modeling of waveguide and metasurface devices. Our multiscale simulations predict AgSnSe2 to be a promising candidate for phase‐change photonic applications.
A broadband and high‐efficiency folded transmitarray antenna
Authors: Wu Meizi , Rao Wei , Guo Lu
Published: October 2024

A folded transmitarray antenna (FTA) with low profile, high efficiency, and broadband is proposed. The transmission unit‐cell is composed of two metallic layers of bowknot‐shaped patches printed on a single layer of dielectric substrate. By regulating bowknot‐shaped patches' dimension and mirroring elements' top and bottom layers, 360° phase swing and high transmission magnitudes are obtained. With the introduction of a reflectarray integrated with a feed horn in the middle, an FTA is designed based on ray tracing principle, leading to a profile reduced to 1/3 of the focal distance of traditional transmitarrays. According to testing results, 15.5% 1 dB gain bandwidth, 30.9% 3 dB gain bandwidth, and 42.3% peak aperture efficiency are achieved. These outstanding performances demonstrate its good potential for a wide range of high‐gain applications.
Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation‐Thermal Effects on Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Using Continuous Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Animal Model
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Yen , Wang Shih‐Wei , Tseng Hsin‐Yi , Randolph Gregory W. , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Lin Yi‐Chu , Chuang Cheng‐Hsun , Lu I‐Cheng , Lin Chih‐Hung , Chan Leong‐Perng , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Wu Che‐Wei
Published: October 2024

Objective

When performing radiofrequency ablation for thyroid nodules, it is essential to avoid thermal injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This porcine animal model study used continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring to investigate the thermal safety parameters of thyroid radiofrequency ablation.

Study Design

Porcine animal study.

Setting

University animal laboratory.

Methods

Twelve piglets were tested at different radiofrequency power levels, and the real‐time electromyography signal changes were recorded under continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring. The spread heat study (8 piglets) included spontaneous recovery tests and cold water irrigation tests to investigate the safety distance from the recurrent laryngeal nerve to the active tip during 5‐second activation with standard stimulation patterns. The residual heat study (4 piglets) investigated the safety cooling durations by touching the recurrent laryngeal nerve with the tip after a 5‐second activation.

Results

In the spread heat study, substantial signal attenuation events were observed at an spread heat distance of 2, 3, 5, and 5 mm when the power was set as 10, 20, 30, and 50 W, respectively. No signal recovery could be observed in 20 minutes with or without cold water irrigation in the injured recurrent laryngeal nerve area. The residual heat study shows the residual thermal effect of the tip is minimal, and no substantial signal attenuation event was observed at all experiments.

Conclusions

This innovative study established the thermal safety parameters for radiofrequency ablation in a porcine model at various power levels, which can potentially assist operators in delineating a precise ablation field and providing effective thyroid ablation treatment safely.
Synthesis of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Nanoparticles Decorated With Polymeric Carbon (Al2O3/AC) Nanocomposites for High Specific Capacitance Value
Authors: Sachin S. , Saravanan P. , Sundaram S. John , Thangappan R. , Raj A. Dhayal , Kumar Jothi Vinoth , Mythili R. , Devanesan Sandhanasamy
Published: October 2024

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles/activated carbon (Al2O3NPs/AC) nanocomposite were synthesized using an optimized sol–gel synthesis method. Various characterization techniques, including x‐ray, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, were employed electrochemical properties of the prepared samples. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed higher crystal plane intensities in Al2O3NPs compared to Al2O3/AC nanocomposites. The average crystallite size was determined to be 32 nm for Al2O3 NPs and 20 nm for Al2O3/AC nanocomposites. FE‐SEM showcased the agglomeration of Al2O3 NPs, while the composite exhibited agglomerated Al2O3 NPs embedded in Al2O3/AC nanocomposites. It was found that the band gaps of Al2O3/AC nanocomposite and Al2O3 NPs were 5.5 and 5.6 eV, respectively. Electrochemical analysis through cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the specific capacitance of Al2O3/AC nanocomposites was six times higher than Al2O3 NPs. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the enhanced electrochemical performance of the Al2O3/AC nanocomposites, suggesting its potential application in energy storage devices.
Green polymer‐based materials as promising therapeutical agents for non‐communicable diseases
Authors: Cháirez‐Ramírez Manuel Humberto , Díaz‐Rivas Jesus Omar , Contreras‐Ramírez Javier Isaac , González‐Laredo Ruben Francisco , Gallegos‐Infante José Alberto
Published: October 2024

Polymers play a significant role in the modern world and have broad applications, particularly in medicine and pharmacology. However, polymer debris represents a significant environmental threat. Therefore, new materials with exceptional performance and environmental safety are needed. The circular economy has led to the development of ‘green polymers’ with enhanced renewability, biodegradability and compostability and properties similar to those of conventional polymers but with a significantly reduced carbon footprint. Green polymers have been extensively utilized in formulating diverse materials for medical purposes. Using green polymers for medical and pharmaceutical applications may improve outcomes for non‐communicable diseases by providing safer and more effective drug delivery systems, reducing side effects with improved biocompatibility and enhancing targeted disease treatments. Green polymer‐based materials can be engineered in various applications, making them particularly beneficial in managing chronic conditions like cancer, diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, where reliable and long‐term treatments are vital. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of a comprehensive understanding of green polymers as novel material sources for improving the treatment and control of non‐communicable diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The influence of the NRG1/ERBB4 signaling pathway on pulmonary artery endothelial cells
Authors: Huang Jin‐Bo , Shen Qin , Wang Zhi‐Qi , Ni Song‐Shi , Sun Fei , Hua Yun , Huang Jian‐An
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine the influence of the Neuregulin‐1 (NRG1)/ERBB4 signaling pathway on the function of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay indicated that ERBB4 levels in the serum of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (p < 0.05). In cellular studies, thrombin stimulation for 6 h led to a significant decrease in cell viability and overexpression of ERBB4 compared to control (p < 0.05). In the NRG1 group, apoptosis of HPAECs was reduced (p < 0.05), accompanied by a decrease in ERBB4 expression and an increase in p‐ERBB4, phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase proteins (Akt) (p‐Akt), and p‐phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) expression (p < 0.05). In the AG1478 group, there was a significant increase in HPAEC apoptosis and a significant decrease in p‐ERBB4 and ERBB4 expression compared to the Con group (p < 0.05). In the AG1478 + NRG1 group, there was an increase in the apoptosis rate and a significant decrease in the expression of p‐ERBB4, ERBB4, p‐Akt, and phosphorylated PI3K compared to the NRG1 group (p < 0.05). In animal studies, the PE group showed an increase in the expression of ERBB4 and p‐ERBB4 compared to the Con group (p < 0.05). NRG1 treatment led to a significant reduction in embolism severity with decreased ERBB4 expression and increased p‐ERBB4 expression (p < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis identified five pathways that were significantly associated with high ERBB4 expression, including CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS, OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION, and FATTY ACID METABOLISM (p < 0.05). Therefore, NRG1 inhibits apoptosis of HPAECs, accompanied by a decrease in ERBB4 and an increase in p‐ERBB4. NRG1 inhibition in HPAECs apoptosis can be partially reversed by inhibiting ERBB4 expression with AG1478. ERBB4 has the potential to be a novel biological marker of PE.