bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mermelada enriquecida con fibra dietética de cáscara de Mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Iuit-González Magaly , Betancur-Ancona David , Santos-Flores Jorge , G. Cantón-Castillo Carlos
Published: March 2019

Hoy en día es conocido por todos, la relación existente entre los alimentos consumidos por las personas y su estado de salud. Existen muchas enfermedades cuya aparición ha sido vinculada con la mala alimentación; debido a esto, hay una tendencia muy marcada a consumir productos saludables. Esta nueva tendencia presiona a diversos sectores de la industria de alimentos (cárnicos, lácteos, bebidas, etc.) para elaborar productos que no solamente sean buenos para la salud, sino que también puedan ofrecer un beneficio adicional a ésta. Este es el caso de los alimentos funcionales. En este trabajo se presenta la elaboración y evaluación de mermeladas adicionadas con un 20 y 30% de cáscara de mango (Mangifera indica, L.)(CM) comparándola con mermelada que no tenía adición de CM, se les realizó una evaluación sensorial. A la de mayor nivel de agrado, se le determinó la composición proximal y las fracciones de fibra dietética. La CM tuvo 14.4 % de fibra dietética total (FDT), 8.5 % de fibra dietética insoluble (FDI) y 5.9 % de fibra dietética soluble (FDS). La adicionada con un 30% de CM tuvo el mayor nivel de agrado (5.7) que la del 20% (5.6). El contenido de FDT en la mermelada con CM al 30 % (7.8 %) resultó mayor en comparación con la mermelada que no se le adicionó CM (5.5 %).
PRINSIP SYARIAH DALAM PEMBAHARUAN KONSEP PERKOPERASIAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Susamto Burhanuddin
Published: March 2019

Cooperative has been a part of the existing business entity in the community. This theme is important to be reviewed in Sharia principles approach for the development of cooperative concept in Indonesia. Through cooperative, the members are able to make contracts/ transactions both among members and other parties. To build the relationship, all parties need syar’i contracts which functions as the underlying contract. Therefore, to have strong validity, the implementation of necessary sharia principles is not only at the conceptual level but also at the operational level from the cooperative establishment to its dissolution. By implementing the sharia principles in developing the concept of cooperative legal entity, it is expected to give opportunity for cooperative practitioners to practice their divine values.

Koperasi telah menjadi bagian dari badan usaha di tengah masyarakat. Tema ini penting dikaji kembali demi pengembangan konsep perkoperasian di Indonesia dengan pendekatan prinsi-prinsip syariah. Badan usaha koperasi memungkinkan para anggota untuk melakukan perikatan/transaksi baik dengan sesama anggota maupun dengan pihak lain. Untuk membangun hubungan tersebut semua pihak pasti membutuhkan akad-akad syar’i yang fungsinya sebagai dasar perikatan (underlying contract). Karenanya, agar memiliki keabsahan yang kuat, implementasi prinsip-prinsip syariah adalah keniscayaan tidak hanya pada level konseptual melainkan juga pada level operasional, mulai dari pendirian koperasi hingga pembubarannya. Dengan mengimplentasikan prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam pembaharuan konsep badan hukum koperasi, diharapkan lebih membuka peluang bagi para praktisi perkoperasian untuk mengamalkan nilai-nilai ilahiya.
ISLAM DAN PERBURUHAN: PEMBAGIAN KERJA, SAFETY NETWORKING DAN MASLAHAH PADA SISTEM PENGUPAHAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mardhiah Nur
Published: March 2019

This study aims to analyze wage practice in Padang and to explain its feasibility in contemporary era. It is said feasible when the wage received represents the needs. This is studied based on harmonization between theory, positive law, and Islamic law. This is a legal research with an empirical juridical approach. The data result were analyzed using analytical descriptive approach. The findings reveal that the thinking paradigm of some entrepreneurs is only considering workers as production tools while receiving below-standard wage. This is almost the same as Ferdinand Lasalle’s (1825) idea on ‘iron theory’, in which entrepreneurs and companies will get maximum profit by minimizing wage of workers. On the contrary, this result reinforces Paul Spicker’s (1995) idea; the state is fully responsible for ensuring the minimum standard of living of each citizen by focusing on improving people’s welfare and providing universal social service as well as formulating law which sides people. In addition, the purpose of this study is in line with the opinion of Yusuf al-Qaradawi (2004), Bani Sadr, Jaribahal-Harithi (2003), Eva Zulfa (2014) that the wage are given on the basis of work values and ability and on the cosideration of their participation in improving company’s profit.

Penelitian ini menganalisis praktik pengupahan di Kota Padang dan menjelaskan kelayakannya di era kontemporer. Dikatakan layak jika upah yang diterima merepresentasikan kebutuhan. Hal ini dikaji berdasarkan harmonisasi antara teori, hukum positif, dan hukum Islam. Ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif analitis. Temuan penelitian mengungkap paradigma berpikir beberapa pengusaha yang hanya menjadikan pekerja sebagai alat produksi dalam perusahaan dengan upah murah. Ini hampir sama dengan pemikiran Ferdinand Lasalle (1825) tentang ‘teori besi’, yang mana pengusaha dan perusahaan akan meraih laba maksimal dengan upah pekerja minimal. Sebaliknya, hasil penelitian ini memperkuat pemikiran Paul Spicker (1995) yang menyatakan bahwa negara bertanggung jawab penuh untuk menjamin standar hidup minimum setiap warganya yang difokuskan pada peningkatan kesejahteraan dengan memberikan pelayanan sosial universal dan membentuk Undang-Undang pro rakyat. Di samping itu, tujuan penelitian ini sejalan dengan Yusuf al-Qaradawi (2004), Bani Sadr, Jaribahal-Harithi (2003), Eva Zulfa (2014) bahwa upah seorang pekerja diberikan atas dasar nilai kerja dan kemampuan serta pertimbangan partisipasi mereka dalam menghasilkan laba perusahaan.
Peranan Kecerdasan Emosional terhadap Penyesuaian Diri dan Perilaku Delinkuen pada Remaja di Yogyakarta
Authors: Aziz Rahmat
Published: March 2019

The term emotional quotion is relatively new in psychology and it is assumed to play significant role in daily life. This research finds out that emotional intelligence can be used as predictor for personal adjustment and behavorial delinquent in adolescent. The finding of this study shows that: first, emotional intelligence and requirements for adolescents in Yogyakarta City are relatively low, while the tendency to behave delinquently is relatively high. Second, there is a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and negative relationships with delinquency behavior. Third, there is no significant difference between male and female teenagers in terms of emotional and individual intelligence, but there are problems in delinquency behavior, women who do higher to behave delinquently if the opposite is with men.
Perbincangan tentang Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Muhaimin Muhaimin
Published: March 2019

The Indonesian people and government, which had inherited the dualistic education system, both the colonial education and Islamic educational systems, did not give priority to one of them, but they endeavored to integrate it to be "a national educational system". Delivering religious education systematically in public schools (the secular and colonial schools system) was the one to make them religious and cultural based schools system. Giving a help and guide to Madrasah and Pesantren enhances them in sharpening human life and in developing themselves to be integrated in a national educational system. The discourse of Islamic educational thought, as found in some Islamic education literatures, focused on four issues, i.e.: dichotomy of the perennial knowledge and the acquired knowledge, deriving the Islamization of knowledge issues (including education); quality of religious education in schools and universities, especially in operational dimensions; the development of Islamic education integratedly to build the integrity of human being; discovering the philosophical concepts of Islamic education and the figures ' thoughts of it from classical and medieval ages to modern period. Such phenomena will be able to empower the Islamic education as a discipline of science, which has a specific and systematic object as well as the methodology of study.
Etika Dalam Konteks Keagenan Organisasi Nirlaba
Authors: Alamsyah Ahmad Fahrudin
Published: March 2019

This study tries to dig ethics problems related to an agent relationship among principal (donor) and agent (management). Agent relationship structure can be drawn in equity theory construction, being based on SFAS No. 117 by three characteristic restricted net asset (unrestricted, temporary restricted, and permanently restricted). Ethics problems anticipated will be relevant to its storey; level restricted net asset, and the solution which on the market public monitoring through financial reporting and audit ·which the standard. Last, the non profit organizational complexity requires assessment of agent efficiency done not only quantitatively but also qualitatively so that the ethics approach suitable to implement at this organizational type.
Wacana Khitan Perempuan Di Masyarakat Desa (Studi Di Masyarakat Desa Pager, Kecamatan Purwosari, Kabupaten Pasuruan)
Authors: Nashichuddin Ach.
Published: March 2019

This research aims to describe a discourse of female circumcision in Pager village, Purwosari district, Pasuruan. There are two discourses that are described in this research; discourse of fiqh text that consists of books written by Moslem scholar of Syafi'iyah and discourse of social context in the village. This research found that no all fiqh books, which are spread over in society explain about female circumcision. The explanation is only found in advanced fiqih books that seldom be touched by civil society. In fiqh books expressed that majority of Moslem scholar see that female circumcision is religious obligatory either for men and woman. For a while other minority Moslem scholar see that it is obliged to men and recommended to woman. There is a significant difference between the fiqih text and the social context in Pager in explaining the meaning of female circumcision practice. There are three factors that cause the difference; the social and cultural change in the society, the change of thought system in the society, and the lack of knowledge regarding the fiqih text that explains female circumcision.
Life Skill Dan Keharusan Penataan Kembali Pendidikan Indonesia
Authors: Toharuddin Toharuddin
Published: March 2019

General Life Skill is a set of skills which is needed by those who are either already working or still studying. General Life Skill (GLS) comprises personal skill which consists of self-awareness and rational thinking and social skills. In Life Skill concept, this general life skill is prioritized to be developed. The problem is, in the practice of education, it is often "neglected" The education often gives less consideration to the process of emotional development (self-awareness), and method of rational thinking and even there is a tendency of education to act as an elite institution which is unfriendly to its social environment.
Moralitas dan Spiritualitas Islam Sebagai Arah Reformasi Pendidikan
Authors: Kusrini Siti
Published: March 2019

To face the challenge of globalization era, moslems in Indonesia begin to have sympathy and moral obligation, since Islam is a teaching that becomes hudan (guidance) toward the reforms of all aspects of life. It expects a society, the supremacy of which, is in God's hand. While the human being must surrender to and worship to God. To face the 21st century, Islamic ethics and moral are required to create the expected civilized society. Therefore, the moslems must be able to identify the dimension of ethical and social values that can guide its followers to conduct moral reasoning or ijtihad, in order to realize the development of the expected civilized society.
Chomsky's School of Linguistics
Authors: Andarwati Andarwati
Published: March 2019

Chomski linguistic flow presents theoretical concepts and views which is very meaningful in the formation of the paradigm of the nature and characteristics human language. Reasoning that underlies linguistic ideas, especially ranges the process of obtaining a second language or foreign language, including the concept of competence and performance, concepts of internal structures and surface structures, and structural concepts syntactic, provides a clear frame of mind about the position of understanding flow this linguistics in looking at human language. The issue that was born give a meaningful contribution to linguistic development don’t the implication in teaching second language or foreign language.
Pergeseran Sifat Konfessionalitas Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia
Authors: Furqon Arief
Published: March 2019

This research is to describe the change of characteristics of national education which is secular to be confessional, it starts from the independence until this time. This change will be known from the changing of the aim of national education which is as mirror of nation needed to make the ideal which is needed as a result of the education. According to the result of research, it can be concluded that national education, step by step gets changing from the secular to be confession. As the consequence, the position of religion education in structure of national education getschanging from the marginal position to central position, it becames one of the field that should be given to all strata's, types and ways of education in Indonesia.
POLITIK BAHASA DAN BAHASA POLITIK (Bahasa dalam Praksis Politik di Indonesia)
Authors: Rahardjo Mudjia
Published: March 2019

At a glance, there is no relation between language and politics. In Jae:, both and politics have mutual and equal relationship. Language is not only a means of political communication, but also a medium of political practice. As a symbolic reality, language can be used as a means to understand pm1·er dynamics and hove power works. Realizing the important role of language in political practice, every regime uses it as a significant instrument to carry out power consolidation by creating certain political idioms. Therefore, controlling public awareness and social collective memory through a symbolic reality always becomes a part of agenda of the authority to maintain their power. It is, therefore, ei·ery change of regime is always followed by the changes of new terms based on the ideology to struggle.
Urgensi Perubahan Paradigma Hukum dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Nasional
Authors: Jundiani Jundiani
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses operational and legal paradigm aspects of water resources management in· Indonesia. Principles and concepts of anthropocentrims and holism are presented. Issues discussed are legal idiology and legal paradigm of national water resources management. The paper concludes with an outlook on the needs for development of legal paradigm and community-based water resources management.
Moral Altruis dalam Filsafat Sosial Perspektif Perbandingan dengan Akhlak dalam Islam dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Ekonomi
Authors: Djakfar Muhammad
Published: March 2019

The term Altruist moral can be corresponded with al-akhlaq al-mahmudah (good moral). The word "altruist" derives from "altruistic" (English) which means a character that emphasizes on other needs. Therefore, someone with altruist moral can be called as a person who has a character that emphasizes on other needs. Globalization era which is dominated by rapid development of information and technology has carried out an enormous changes to the life of society in many factors, including economic. Recently, many people have begun to question again about competence as well as moral role and ability to manage and control moral of society that becomes more permissive, not submissive anymore as occurred in the past. Analysis result says that whether in social philosophy or Islam, Altruist moral will deliver economic attitude which orients to do the obligation first, than asking for the right to its own necessity (individual egoist - annaniyah). Altruist moral, referred to Yusuf Qardhawi, will widely give effect on the whole aspect of economy, whether in the case of production, consumption, circulation or distribution.
Dekonstruksi Orientalisme (Telaah atas Pemikiran Leonard Binder)
Authors: Muzakki Akhmad
Published: March 2019

Ortodox Moslems considered orientalism as a conflict between kafir and mukmin which was sharpened by various tendencies. They appraised, Nurcholis said, because there are three prejudice roots of the West to Islam which caused the emerge of negative stigma that are the prejudices on religious, socio-politic and culture understandings. Or, as stated by Hasan Hanafi, orientalism saw "ego" (East) through "the other". West took apart as "ego" which became the subject and considered non-West as "the other" which became the object. As a consequence of its position as the subject examiner, superiority complexity in the European "ego" aroused Because of its position as the examined object the inferiority complexity in "the other" non Europe emerge as well. In contrast to Foucalt, he said that orientalism is a discourse. Islam is also understood by Moslem as a discourse. Basically, orientalism is an effort to articulate an interpretation of Islam. Therefore, according to orientalism Islam is universal and cannot be given a single interpretation. As stated in the deconstruction theory which views that a language does not have an exact, particular, constant meaning, however, it tries to get the contradictory and ironical meaning. Hence, because orientalists understand Islam as a phenomenon, Islam universaly depends on culture in which it is manifested.
Konstruksi Estetika Vitalisme
Authors: Fidausy M. Anwar
Published: March 2019

The intellectual contact of Iqbal to Western paradigm has a great influence over his mature thought. The subjective view of Moslem toward reality has led them fall mentally to a slave at the time. It is mainly due to philosophical doctrine they believe about the self-denial for the reality. Iqbal, moreover, has big desire to bring them into a better world by proposing an idea of self-awareness to reality. He argued that the essence of human life is to view the reality objectively not subjectively as they had believed before. The life is so real that we have to take a big part in reality as we are not victims of tragic imagination. Along with this assumption, Iqbal conceded a thought pattern regarding esthetics. Esthetics is a quality making every parts of life shine, putting self-vitality as dynamic center for desire, efforts, aspiration, strength, and action
IJTIHAD DALAM PERSPEKTIF ULAMA’ SYI’AH ISNA ‘ASYARIYAH
Authors: Baharun Mohammad
Published: March 2019

Basically, the perspective of Ulama’ Syiah Isna ‘asyariyah about jihad is not different from Sunni’s perspective. Other side, still there different between them and this become something that “must be” there for them.Ulama’ Syi’ah Isna ‘Asyariyah said taht the main of jihad are Imamah and all of this its implications, which are placed in the central position os Syi’ah’s thought. However, that thought differentiates Syi’ah and Ahl Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah themselves.Imamah is a concept of leadership after the death of Muhammad SAW, it convinced as the certainly of religion. Imamah is supported by Ijtihad of Ulama’ Syi’ah Isna ‘asyariyah intensively to strength the argumentation of Imamah certainly. The Ijtihad elaboration about imamah becomes a concept of Marja’iyat-i-Taqlid and Wilayat-i-Faqih. It is very important to Syi’ah, because the highest Mujtahid/Marja’ is as the changer of Imam Mahdi. Ijtihad Imamah related to the perspective of Ulama’ Syi’ah Isna ‘Asyariyah ulama is something certainly. The implication of imamah is the birth of theories, such as, ‘ismah, taqiyah, Marja’iyat-i-taqlid and Wilayat-i-Faqih. And all of these are the consequence of Ghaibat al-Imam (themystery of Imam Mahdi).
Context Matters: Social, Cultural, and Political Dimensions of PTSD Among Vietnam Veterans
Authors: Desai Miraj U. , Pavlo Anthony J. , Davidson Larry , Harpaz-Rotem Ilan , Rosenheck Robert
Published: March 2019

This brief article examines the social determinants of mental health for a group of Vietnam veterans who recently received a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, interviews were conducted with Vietnam-era veterans presenting for mental healthcare at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), about 40 years after the Vietnam War. The present data and analyses reflect the subset of participants who received diagnoses of PTSD. Findings reveal how PTSD and related psychosocial suffering cannot be fully understood without attending to the sociocultural and political milieu in which they manifest. Five specific social determinants are presented: war as the specific context of trauma; sociopolitical meanings of the Vietnam War; racism; detrimental norms of masculinity; and ecological hazards. Findings suggest that it is important for clinical practices, community interventions, and policies for PTSD to be understood in historically and socioculturally contextualized ways that do justice to, and seek justice for, people's experiences.
Web Survey’s Completion Rates: Effects of Forced Responses, Question Display Styles, and Subjects’ Attitude
Authors: Tangmanee Chatpong , Niruttinanon Phattharaphong
Published: March 2019

In anticipating a high completion rate for web surveys, researchers must be attentive to the design features, two of which are the forced responses (i.e., 100%-, 50%, or 0%-forced) and the questionnaire item display (i.e., paging or scrolling). Moreover, the respondents’ favorable attitude towards questionnaires is a key factor driving them to complete the questionnaires. However, no studies have examined the effects of these three variables on web survey completion rates. This research thus attempts to fill this gap.

Using a quasi-experiment, we obtained 401 responses to six (i.e., 3 levels of forced responses x 2 display styles) comparable online questionnaires with identical contents. The analysis confirmed the statistically significant effects of the forced responses, the item display and the subjects’ attitudes toward questionnaires on completion rates.

In addition to extending theoretical insights into the factors leading to a web survey’s completion rates, practical recommendations are suggested based on the findings.
The Role of Satisfaction in Mediating the Effect of Services Quality on the Customers’ Loyalty in the Village Credit Institution of Pekraman, Tabanan
Authors: Sadiartha Anak Agung Ngurah Gede , Mirah Apsari Gusti Ayu
Published: March 2019

Loyalty is a deep commitment to repurchase a product or service that becomes a preference consistently in the future by repurchasing the same product. The problem formulation in this study is how are the direct and indirect effects of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty.  This study aims to know the direct and indirect effect of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty. The study was conducted by the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan located in Gajah Mada street 107, Tabanan. The number of samples is 94 customers with slovin’s formula and accidental sampling method. The techniques of data collection used were interviews, documentation, literature review and questionnaire. The research instruments used were validity test and reliability test. The technique of data analysis used was path analysis with sobel test. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that the services quality had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ satisfaction in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as  0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The customers’ satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. The services quality had a positive and significant effect of the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H3 was accepted. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that Zcount (5,323)> Z table (1,96). Thus, the customers’ loyalty can mediate the relationship between customers’ services quality and loyalty on the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan. For the services quality, it is needed to improve the services given to the customers. For instance, it is provided the more exciting interest adjusted to the type of savings chosen by the customers so they will feel more satisfied and can develop their loyalty
Metabolic Reprogramming during Microglia Activation
Authors: Geric Ivana , Schoors Sandra , Claes Christel , Gressens Pierre , Verderio Claudia , Verfaillie Catherine M. , Van Veldhoven Paul P. , Carmeliet Peter , Baes Myriam
Published: March 2019

Microglia, the specialized macrophages of the brain, can adopt different shapes and functions, some of which may be detrimental for nervous tissue. Similar to other immune cells, the metabolic program may determine the phenotypic features of microglia, and could constitute a therapeutic target in neurological diseases. Because the knowledge on microglial metabolism was sparse we here employed mouse primary microglia cells polarized into a pro- or anti-inflammatory state to define their metabolic features. After stimulation with either IL1β/IFNγ or IL4, the activity of glycolysis, glucose oxidation, glutamine oxidation, mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation, and fatty acid synthesis, was assessed by using radiolabeled substrates. We complemented these data with transcriptome analysis of key enzymes orchestrating these metabolic pathways. Pro-inflammatory microglia exhibit increased glucose and glutamine metabolism and suppress both fatty acid oxidation and to a lesser extent fatty acid synthesis. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory microglia display changes only in fatty acid metabolism upregulating both fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis. Importantly, also human microglia-like cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells upregulate glycolysis in pro-inflammatory conditions. Finally, we show that glycolytic enzymes are induced in a pro-inflammatory brain environment in vivo in mice. Taken together, the distinct metabolism in pro- and anti-inflammatory microglia can constitute a target to direct the microglial phenotype.
Sleep Impairment at the Time of First Diagnosis in Patients with Seronegative Elderly-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis and in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica    
Authors: Manzo Ciro , Castagna Alberto
Published: March 2019

Background: Differential diagnosis between polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and seronegative elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (SEORA) is not easy, to the point that in the past they were considered the same entity. In these patients, sleep disorders have been scarcely assessed, and considered as expression of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Methods: In 38 Caucasian elderly patients (median age: 73.9 ± 8.06 years) consecutively referred to two outpatient clinics from January to May 2018 with diagnosis of PMR and SEORA, sleep impairment was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep scale (MOS-SS). Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score, with point 0 for absent and point 3 for severe. Comorbidities were assessed using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS).  Patients taking medications used to treat sleep disturbance or that could favor sleep disturbances were excluded.  The study was approved by the local ethics committee and carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, revised 2013. Every patient signed an informed consent form at the time of the first visit. Results: MOS-SS total point in PMR patients was significantly higher than in SEORA patients (47.60 ± 8.4 vs 28.26 ± 12.4; P = 0.000). After six-month therapy with prednisone (12.5–15 mg/day, followed after 4 weeks by gradual tapering), MOS-SS total point improved in the two groups of patients, with no significant difference (17.0 ± 6.2 vs 17.8 ± 4.2; P = 0.644). No correlation was found between MOS-SS and comorbidities, and between MOS-SS, anxiety or depression. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the assessment of sleep impairment could be very useful in the differential diagnosis between PMR and SEORA. Up today, the reasons why patients with PMR have—at the time of diagnosis—a sleep impairment higher than SEORA are speculative. Further ad hoc complementary studies in multicenter cohorts are needed.
Microscopic Views of Atomic and Molecular Oxygen Bonding with epi Ge(001)-2×1 Studied by High-Resolution Synchrotron Radiation Photoemission
Authors: Cheng Yi-Ting , Wan Hsien-Wen , Cheng Chiu-Ping , Kwo Jueinai , Hong Minghwei , Pi Tun-Wen
Published: March 2019

Embryo stage of oxidation of an epi Ge(001)-2×1 by atomic oxygen and molecular O2 is studied via synchrotron radiation photoemission. The topmost surface buckled with the up- and down-dimer atoms and the first subsurface layer behave distinctly from the bulk by exhibiting surface core-level shifts in the Ge 3d core-level spectrum. The O2 molecules become dissociated upon reaching the epi Ge(001)-2×1 surface. One of the O atom removes off the up-dimer atom, and the other bonds with the underneath Ge atom in the subsurface layer. Atomic oxygen adsorbed on the epi Ge(001)-2×1 preferentially in between the up-dimer atoms and the underneath subsurface atoms without affecting the down-dimer atoms. The electronic environment of the O-affiliated Ge up-dimer atoms becomes similar to that of the down-dimer atoms. Both exhibit an enrichment in charge, where the subsurface of the Ge layer is maintained in a charge-deficient state. The dipole moment originally generated in the buckled reconstruction no longer exists, thereby resulting in a decrease in the ionization potential. The down-dimer Ge atoms and the back-bonded subsurface atoms remain inert to atomic O and molecular O2, a possible cause of low reliability in Ge-related metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices.
Improved Lycopene Production from Different Substrates by Mated Fermentation of Blakeslea Trispora
Authors: Erkmen Osman , Sevgili Ayse
Published: March 2019

The production of lycopene from different substrates by Blakeslea trispora in fermentation was investigated. Lycopene productions from 4 and 6 % glucose (pH 6.5) in shake flask fermentation were 77.7 and 28.1 mg L-1. A maximum lycopene concentration of 944.8 mg L-1 was detected with 4 % glucose supplemented with 1.0 % sunflower oil in fermentor studies. Zygospores of B. trispora are the morphological forms, which are responsible for the production of the lycopene. The highest level of zygospores was correlated with the highest amount of intracellular lycopene in the total biomass dry weight. The media containing only orange peel (1 %) gave a 4.9 mg L-1 lycopene production in a fermentor. The presence of oils as substrates resulted in enhanced mold growth and subsequent higher lycopene production. Substrates containing linoleic acid compounds led to high lycopene production. The data showed that the biosynthesis of lycopene starts in most cases simultaneously in the early growth phase even in trace amounts and the amount of lycopene formation increased continuously from 2 to 7 days.
Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient
Authors: Wichowski Piotr , Siwiec Tadeusz , Kalenik Marek
Published: March 2019

The article presents the results of tests of minor head losses through PVC and PP elbows for a flow of water and mixtures of water and sand with grain sizes of up to 0.5 mm and concentrations of 5.6 g∙L-1, 10.84 g∙L-1, and 15.73 g∙L-1. The tests were carried out at variable flow velocities for three elbow diameters of 63, 75, and 90 mm. The flow rate, pressure difference in the tested cross-sections, and temperature of the fluids were measured and automatically recorded. The results of the measurements were used to develop mathematical models for determining the minor head loss coefficient as a function of elbow diameter, sand concentration in the liquid, and Reynolds number. The mathematical model was developed by cross validation. It was shown that when the concentration of sand in the liquid was increased by 1.0 g∙L-1, the coefficient of minor head loss through the elbows increased, in the Reynolds number range of 4.6∙104 − 2.1∙105, by 0.3−0.01% for PP63, 0.6−0.03 % for PP75, 1.1−0.06 % for PP90, 0.8−0.01 % for PVC63, 0.8−0.02 % for PVC75, and 0.9−0.04 % for PVC90. An increase in Re from 5∙104 to 2∙106 for elbows with diameters of 63, 75 and 90 mm caused a 7.3 %, 6.8 %, and 6.0 % decrease in the minor head loss coefficient, respectively.
ANALYSIS OF INSIDER TRADING PRACTICE RELATING TO LAW PROTECTION EFFORT FOR MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS
Authors: Muryanto Yudho Taruno , Widyoningrum Riezdiani Restu
Published: March 2019

This article aims to describe the characteristics of insider trading according to the Act No. 8 of 1995 on Capital Market and the implication with legal effort that can be taken by minority shareholder. The characteristics of insider trading according to the act No 8 of 1995 on Capital Market are in line with fiduciary duty theory principle, there is involvement of insider by the misappropriation trusted. Insider trading has impacts to the other investors, especially to minority shareholder. The difference opportunity to do transaction causes financial disadantages, and for the loss, minority shareholder can doing legal effort, submit their civil lawsuit to the insider trader.
VARYING APPLICATION OF MOST-FAVOURED-NATION PRINCIPLE IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT TREATY
Authors: Mahardika Robertus Bima Wahyu , Latifah Emmy
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to provide an academic framing of the philosophical foundation of the Most-favored-nation principle (MFN) in international investment law. The MFN principle is one of the most important principles in international law. In international investment law, MFN principle serves as a mechanism to create conditions in which foreign investors from many countries have equal opportunities to compete fairly in host country.

 
MOTIVES OF CRIMINAL ACTS OF CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Seregig I Ketut
Published: March 2019

The data presented in this study are legal facts that come from informants who are directly involved in the investigation of corruption crime at Lampung Provincial Health Office, conducted by the High Prosecutor Attorney Lampung as well as the Prosecutor and the decision of the Panel of Judges who tried the case of corruption of Ambulance procurement project, Mobile Hospital support unit, 4 WD Ambulance sourced from APBD Lampung Province in 2013 worth of IDR 7,600,000,000.00 (seven billion six hundred million rupiah). The result of research is that corruption crime in Indonesia is done by more than one perpetrator, which is divided in two variables that support each other that is between leader and subordinate. This variable is consistent with the conclusion of Lambsdorff's research which states "there is a strong relationship between the head and subordinate in a corruption act called 'corrupt head' and 'corrupt subordinate'. Lambsdorff research results are used as a knife analysis in exploring the factors that strongly influence the occurrence of corruption in Indonesia (International Journal Elsevier, 2016). When examined from the sociological aspect, about the criminal acts of corruption that occur in Indonesia, it turns out that the perpetrators of corruption in performing acts are not alone, but more than one person, divided into 2 (two) groups, namely the superior group as the holder of power / authority and subordinate group as the executor of the activity. In this study it is found that the factors that encourage perpetrators to commit criminal acts of corruption is the existence of sociological factors, among others; factor of proximity / trust between superiors and subordinates, feelings of indebtedness of subordinates, because they have been promoted to good positions.

 
Mirror-Surface Finishing by Integrating Magnetic-Polishing Technology with a Compact Machine Tool
Authors: Manabe Yuki , Murakami Hiroki , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi , Furuki Tatsuya ,   Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan,   Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
Published: March 2019

In recent years, owing to the advent of mobile phones, product miniaturization and multifunctionalization have rapidly progressed. However, the large-sized machine tools for the manufacture of small products waste a considerable amount of space and power. The present study aimed at applying a magnetic-polishing method using a ball-end mill-type tool to examine the optimum processing conditions. This was done to apply a mirror finish for the integration of the cutting and polishing processes by using the small machine tool. The magnetic-polishing effect was evaluated from the point of view of the polishing amount, surface roughness, specimen shape, and mirror-surface condition. In addition, the movement of the paste during polishing was observed through images obtained through a high-speed camera. The movement of the paste is considered for effective polishing and other cases. Accordingly, various magnetic-polishing techniques were used for irregularities and step shapes. Various conditions were also examined, and a stable condition was determined. The results reveal that the amount of polishing paste significantly influences the polishing movement. In addition, a sufficient polishing effect could be obtained by duplicating the polishing course by using a sine wave course.
Analysis and Characterization of Machined Surfaces with Aesthetic Functionality
Authors: Biondani Francesco Giuseppe , Bissacco Giuliano , Pilný Lukáš , Hansen Hans Nørgaard ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Produktionstorvet, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark,   Novo Nordisk A/S, Hillerød, Denmark
Published: March 2019

The generation of fine machined surfaces with high gloss is an important topic in mould manufacturing. The surface gloss can be characterized by means of scattered light sensors and a representative parameter such asAq. In this paper, in-line measurements of scattered light distribution are compared with roughness parameters calculated using a confocal microscope, in order to assess surface aesthetic quality. Several surfaces have been machined by means of high precision milling, producing different surface topographies. Surface characterization has been performed on a machine using a scattered light sensor, and using a confocal microscope in laboratory conditions. The calculatedAqparameter is compared with the amplitude roughness parametersSaandSq, and with hybrid parametersSdqandRdqrepresenting the average slope of the surface features. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images are used as visual benchmarks to identify the parameters’ correlation with the visual appearance. A different linear trend of the relationship betweenAq,Rdq, andSdqis observed. The description of the surface quality throughSaorSqinstead is found to be insufficient. This is explained by means of SEM pictures showing a dramatic influence of the smeared material over the machined surface.
Accurate Tool Path Generation Method for Large-Scale Discrete Shapes
Authors: Kitahara Hiromu , Kaneko Jun’ichi , Ajisaka Masahiro , Abe Takeyuki , Horio Kenichiro ,   Saitama University 255 Shimo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan,   NTT Data Engineering Systems Corporation, Uruma, Japan
Published: March 2019

Three-axis ball end mills are used for the finishing of metal molds of complicated curved surfaces. Typically, a tool path of this shape machining is derived from the geometric calculations of a tool used, and a product model that is a computer aided design (CAD)-based polyhedron approximating the shape. The polyhedron is more complicated to approximate a shape with more curved surfaces, as it is highly time consuming. To solve this problem, methods to accelerate geometric calculations using a computer graphics drawing processing mechanism were proposed. However, these methods cannot guard against errors arising from the approximation of an inverse offset shape using a set of polygons. In the present study, we propose a method to generate tool paths accurately based on calculating the crossing points of the tool axis and defining the offset surface as a set of polygons, cylindrical surfaces, and spherical surfaces. With this method, it is expected that the height of an area, which was divided by fine polygons in previous methods, can be derived accurately, and a tool path can be generated with high precision.
Nondestructive Inline Inspection of Through-Silicon Vias Based on X-Ray Imaging and its Uncertainty Budget
Authors: Umehara Yasutoshi , Moronuki Nobuyuki ,   Tokyo Electron Limited 2-30-7 Sumiyoshi-cho, Fuchu City, Tokyo 183-8705, Japan,   Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hino, Japan
Published: March 2019

Nanofocus X-ray projection imaging technology with a resolution of 0.25 μm has been developed and applied to the estimation of the profile of through-silicon vias (TSVs) several microns in diameter. However, analysis and examination of the uncertainty of the system and the calibration method for measurement have not been properly discussed thus far. These topics should be discussed in consideration of the actual application of the method to the automation of inline inspection and the measurement processes of TSV devices. This study focuses on the quantitative analysis of the uncertainty budget in the measurement of the whole X-ray microscope system. A calibration method using a known, conventionally defined TSV sample as a calibration device is employed. The uncertainties are divided into calibration, mechanical, electrical, and algorithmic factors, and their contributions to the combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty are estimated. An actual case for the analysis of the uncertainty budget is evaluated, where the profile is estimated for actual images with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.2.
Atrial Tachyarrhythmias and Atrial Flutter: the Basics of Diagnostics and Modern Opportunities of Therapy
Authors: Bunin Yu. A. , Miklishanskaya S. A. , Zolozova E. A. , Chigineva V. V.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the description of all types of atrial tachyarrhythmias, including inappropriate sinus tachycardia, which, as a rule, is not paid enough attention in the domestic literature, sinoatrial node reentrant tachycardia, focal and multifocal atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation. The electrophysiological mechanisms of development and electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of these cardiac rhythm disturbances are presented. Along with this, the article discusses the modern view of the strategy and tactics of pharmacological cardioversion and preventive therapy in patients with the main types of atrial tachyarrhythmias and atrial flutter. It is noted that the prognosis for inappropriate sinus tachycardia, as a rule, is favorable, and therefore, aim of treatment is to reduce the symptoms, and in their absence medical treatment is not necessary. Much attention is paid to drug and interventional treatment of atrial flutter. It is emphasized that catheter ablation of isthmus-dependent atrial flutter in most cases is preferred over long-term pharmacotherapy. However, in prolonged observation (more than 3 years), nearly 1/3 of patients may develop paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. At the same time, catheter ablation of atypical atrial flutter is, in most cases, substantially less effective. The indications and side effects of catheter ablation of the sinus node are also discussed. The authors provide a critical analysis of traditional approaches to the treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias and analyze new recommendations for the management of these patients presented in Europe and the USA. Based on these recommendations, clear algorithms for the management of patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias are given. The need to prevent thromboembolic complications in some types of atrial tachyarrhythmias is emphasized.
Comparison between Bolus Intracoronary versus Bolus Intravenous Injection Regimens of Eptifibatide during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nab Mohamed Hassan , Mostafa Shaimaa , Elrabat Khaled , Kabil Hamza , Elmelegy Neama
Published: March 2019

Background.Eptifibatide achieves high local concentration via direct intracoronary (I/V) injection as it promotes clot disaggregation, but it remains unclear if it is of superior benefit than the routine intravenous (I/V) administration. Aim. The current study aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of I/C vs I/V bolus regimen dose of eptifibatide during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Material and methods. Prospective, controlled, randomized study enrolled 100 patients with acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) eligible for PPCI equally divided into 2 groups (group A received bolus I/C eptifibatide and group B received it I/V) followed by 12-hour continuous I/V infusion. Features related to of myocardial salvage in the form of TIMI flow grade 3, myocardial blush grade 3, ST segment resolution and left ventricular systolic function were evaluated with short-term follow up for 1 month.

Results. Mean age of the study population was 50.95±8.45years, there was statistically insignificant difference between both groups regarding baseline characteristics in age (p=0.062), gender (p=0.488), coronary artery disease risk factors (p>0.05), time from onset of pain to admission (p=0.86) or door to balloon (p=0.12). Group A achieved statistically significant better myocardial blush grade 3 (42% vs 10%, p=0.005), ejection faction 30 days after PPCI (46.11±7.81% vs 40.88±6.26%, p=0.005) but statistically insignificant TIMI flow grade 3 (p=0.29) and ST resolution (p=0.34). Incidence of complications in the hospital and 30 days after discharge was statistically insignificant (p>0.05).

Conclusion. Both regimens were safe and effective in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI and regimen of I/C bolus eptifibatide achieved better myocardial blush grade and systolic function.