bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced preservation of vacuum-packaged Atlantic salmon by hyperbaric storage at room temperature versus refrigeration
Authors: Fidalgo Liliana G. , Simões Mário M. Q. , Casal Susana , Lopes-da-Silva José A. , Delgadillo Ivonne , Saraiva Jorge A.
Published: January 2021

Hyperbaric storage at room temperature (HS/RT: 75 MPa/25 °C) of vacuum-packaged fresh Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) loins was studied for 30 days and compared to atmospheric pressure at refrigerated temperatures (AP/5 °C, 30 days) and RT (AP/25 °C, 5 days). Most of the fatty acids were not affected by storage conditions, with only a slight decrease of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) for AP samples, reflected in the lower polyene index values obtained and higher oxidation extent. For HS, a lower lipid oxidation extension and a slower increase of myofibrillar fragmentation index values were observed, when compared to AP samples. The volatile profile was similar for the HS and fresh samples, with the HS samples retaining fresh-like alcohols and aldehydes components, which disappeared in AP samples, mainly in AP/25 °C samples. The volatile profile for AP samples (5 and 25 °C) revealed mostly spoilage-like compounds due to microbial activity. Drip loss increased progressively during the 30 days of storage under HS, while a slight decrease of water holding capacity after 5 days was observed, increasing further after 30 days. Regarding textural properties, only resilience was affected by HS, decreasing after 30 days. So, HS/RT could represent an interesting extended preservation methodology of fresh salmon loins, since allows retaining important physicochemical properties for at least 15 days, while refrigeration after 5 days showed already volatile spoilage-like compounds due to microbial activity. Furthermore, this methodology allows additional considerable energy savings when compared to refrigeration.
Lattice thermal transport in two-dimensional alloys and fractal heterostructures
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Aravind , Baradwaj Nitish , Nakano Aiichiro , Kalia Rajiv K. , Vashishta Priya
Published: January 2021

Engineering thermal transport in two dimensional materials, alloys and heterostructures is critical for the design of next-generation flexible optoelectronic and energy harvesting devices. Direct experimental characterization of lattice thermal conductivity in these ultra-thin systems is challenging and the impact of dopant atoms and hetero-phase interfaces, introduced unintentionally during synthesis or as part of deliberate material design, on thermal transport properties is not understood. Here, we use non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to calculate lattice thermal conductivity of $${\mathrm {(Mo|W)Se_2}}$$

(
Mo
|
W
)

Se
2

monolayer crystals including $${\mathrm {Mo}}_{1-x}{\mathrm {W}}_x{\mathrm {Se_2}}$$

Mo

1
-
x

W
x

Se
2

alloys with substitutional point defects, periodic $${\mathrm {MoSe_2}|\mathrm {WSe_2}}$$

MoSe
2

|

WSe
2

heterostructures with characteristic length scales and scale-free fractal $${\mathrm {MoSe_2}}|{\mathrm {WSe_2}}$$

MoSe
2

|

WSe
2

heterostructures. Each of these features has a distinct effect on phonon propagation in the crystal, which can be used to design fractal and periodic alloy structures with highly tunable thermal conductivities. This control over lattice thermal conductivity will enable applications ranging from thermal barriers to thermoelectrics.
Healthcare and education networks interaction as an indicator of social services stability following natural disasters
Authors: Hassan Emad M. , Mahmoud Hussam
Published: January 2021

Healthcare and education systems have been identified by various national and international organizations as the main pillars of communities’ stability. Understanding the correlation between these main social services institutions is critical to determining the tipping point of communities following natural disasters. Despite being defined as social services stability indicators, to date, no studies have been conducted to determine the level of interdependence between schools and hospitals and their collective influence on their recoveries following extreme events. In this study, we devise an agent-based model to investigate the complex interaction between healthcare and education networks and their overall recovery, while considering other physical, social, and economic factors. We employ comprehensive models to simulate the functional processes within each facility and to optimize their recovery trajectories after earthquake occurrence. The results highlight significant interdependencies between hospitals and schools, including direct and indirect relationships, suggesting the need for collective coupling of their recovery to achieve full functionality of either of the two systems following natural disasters. Recognizing this high level of interdependence, we then establish a social services stability index, which can be used by policymakers and community leaders to quantify the impact of healthcare and education services on community resilience and social services stability.
Explaining the trends and variability in the United States tornado records using climate teleconnections and shifts in observational practices
Authors: Nouri Niloufar , Devineni Naresh , Were Valerie , Khanbilvardi Reza
Published: January 2021

The annual frequency of tornadoes during 1950–2018 across the major tornado-impacted states were examined and modeled using anthropogenic and large-scale climate covariates in a hierarchical Bayesian inference framework. Anthropogenic factors include increases in population density and better detection systems since the mid-1990s. Large-scale climate variables include El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). The model provides a robust way of estimating the response coefficients by considering pooling of information across groups of states that belong to Tornado Alley, Dixie Alley, and Other States, thereby reducing their uncertainty. The influence of the anthropogenic factors and the large-scale climate variables are modeled in a nested framework to unravel secular trend from cyclical variability. Population density explains the long-term trend in Dixie Alley. The step-increase induced due to the installation of the Doppler Radar systems explains the long-term trend in Tornado Alley. NAO and the interplay between NAO and ENSO explained the interannual to multi-decadal variability in Tornado Alley. PDO and AMO are also contributing to this multi-time scale variability. SOI and AO explain the cyclical variability in Dixie Alley. This improved understanding of the variability and trends in tornadoes should be of immense value to public planners, businesses, and insurance-based risk management agencies.
Risk of ambulance services associated with ambient temperature, fine particulate and its constituents
Authors: Lin Yu-Kai , Cheng Chia-Pei , Kim Ho , Wang Yu-Chun
Published: January 2021

Short-term adverse health effects of constituents of fine particles with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) have been revealed. This study aimed to evaluate the real-time health outcome of ambulance services in association with ambient temperature and mass concentrations of total PM2.5 level and constituents in Kaohsiung City, an industrialized city with the worst air quality in Taiwan. Cumulative 6-day (lag0-5) relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of daily ambulance services records of respiratory distress, coma and unconsciousness, chest pain, headaches/dizziness/vertigo/fainting/syncope, lying at public, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in association with ambient temperature and mass concentrations of total PM2.5 level and constituents (nitrate, sulfate, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) from 2006 to 2010 were evaluated using a distributed lag non-linear model with quasi-Poisson function. Ambulance services of chest pain and OHCA were significantly associated with extreme high (30.8 °C) and low (18.2 °C) temperatures, with cumulative 6-day RRs ranging from 1.37 to 1.67 at the reference temperature of 24–25 °C. Daily total PM2.5 level had significant effects on ambulance services of lying at public and respiratory distress. After adjusting the cumulative 6-day effects of temperature and total PM2.5 level, RRs of ambulance services of lying at public associated with constituents at 90th percentile versus 25th percentile were 1.35 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.68) for sulfate and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.41) for EC, while RR was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.09–1.58) for ambulance services of headache/dizziness/vertigo/fainting/syncope in association with OC at 90th percentile versus 25th percentile. Cause-specific ambulance services had various significant association with daily temperature, total PM2.5 level, and concentrations of constituents. Elemental carbon may have stronger associations with increased ambulance services than other constituents.
Increased emission intensity can compensate for the presence of noise in human click-based echolocation
Authors: Castillo-Serrano J. G. , Norman L. J. , Foresteire D. , Thaler L.
Published: January 2021

Echolocating bats adapt their emissions to succeed in noisy environments. In the present study we investigated if echolocating humans can detect a sound-reflecting surface in the presence of noise and if intensity of echolocation emissions (i.e. clicks) changes in a systematic pattern. We tested people who were blind and had experience in echolocation, as well as blind and sighted people who had no experience in echolocation prior to the study. We used an echo-detection paradigm where participants listened to binaural recordings of echolocation sounds (i.e. they did not make their own click emissions), and where intensity of emissions and echoes changed adaptively based on participant performance (intensity of echoes was yoked to intensity of emissions). We found that emission intensity had to systematically increase to compensate for weaker echoes relative to background noise. In fact, emission intensity increased so that spectral power of echoes exceeded spectral power of noise by 12 dB in 4-kHz and 5-kHz frequency bands. The effects were the same across all participant groups, suggesting that this effect occurs independently of long-time experience with echolocation. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that people can echolocate in the presence of noise and suggest that one potential strategy to deal with noise is to increase emission intensity to maintain signal-to-noise ratio of certain spectral components of the echoes.
Efficient separation of strontium radionuclides from high-salinity wastewater by zeolite 4A synthesized from Bayer process liquids
Authors: Smičiklas Ivana , Coha Ivana , Jović Mihajlo , Nodilo Marijana , Šljivić-Ivanović Marija , Smiljanić Slavko , Grahek Željko
Published: January 2021

The efficient, selective, and economical sorbents for the removal of Sr radionuclides are largely needed for the decontamination of effluents with high salinity. In this study, the removal of Sr was investigated using the zeolite produced from the Bayer process liquids. Based on the XRD, SEM/EDS analysis, the product was pure and highly crystalline zeolite 4A (Z4A). Removal of Sr was fast (5 min for 100% removal at 8.80 mg/L), with high maximum sorption capacity (252.5 mg/L), and independent on the initial pH in the range 3.5–9.0. Specific sorption of Sr by protonated groups on the Z4A surface was operating in addition to ion-exchange with Na ions. The selectivity of Z4A decreased in the order Sr > Ca > K > Mg > Na. 84% of Sr was separated from seawater within 5 min, at the Z4A dose of 5 g/L, while efficiency increased to 99% using the dose of 20 g/L. Desorption of radioisotope 89Sr from seawater/Z4A solid residue was very low in deionized water (0.1–0.2%) and groundwater (0.7%) during 60 days of leaching. Z4A is a cost-effective, selective, and high-capacity medium for Sr removal, which provides high stability of retained radionuclides.
Differential effects on blood and cerebrospinal fluid immune protein markers and kynurenine pathway metabolites from aerobic physical exercise in healthy subjects
Authors: Isung Josef , Granqvist Mathias , Trepci Ada , Huang Jesse , Schwieler Lilly , Kierkegaard Marie , Erhardt Sophie , Jokinen Jussi , Piehl Fredrik
Published: January 2021

Mounting evidence shows that physical exercise modulates systemic inflammation. However, its effect on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune-marker profiles in man are largely unknown. We here report a study on healthy subjects (n = 27, males = 12, mean age 28.7, range 22–52) allocated to either an acute exercise setting over four consecutive days, or a training intervention over 4 weeks. Paired plasma and CSF samples collected at baseline, after 7 days of exercise abstention, and the day after completion of the exercise interventions, were analyzed for protein inflammation markers using a multiplex proximity extension assay and neurotransmitters and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites using liquid chromatography, respectively. Routine cell counts, and albumin, immunoglobulin G and neurofilament light chain concentrations in CSF remained unchanged in both paradigms, while several inflammatory proteins became upregulated after acute exercise. However, only changes in three CSF (vascular endothelial growth factor-A, interleukin-7 and matrix metalloproteinase-10) and 12 plasma proteins reached significance levels after adjustment for multiple comparisons and exclusion of less stable proteins. Similarly, KP metabolites only changed among participants after acute exercise, while neurotransmitter levels, except for increased CSF serine, remained stable. Both in plasma and CSF changes in KP metabolites and inflammatory proteins correlated, suggesting that these processes are functionally linked. These findings suggest that acute aerobic physical exercise affects immune markers and KP metabolites systemically and in the CSF.
A case series of profilometric changes in two implant placement protocols at periodontally compromised non-molar sites
Authors: Noh Kwantae , Thoma Daniel S. , Park Jung-Chul , Lee Dong-Woon , Shin Seung-Yun , Lim Hyun-Chang
Published: January 2021

Information regarding profilometric changes at a soft tissue level following implant placement with different protocols is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to comparatively investigate the profilometric tissue changes with respect to late implant placement following alveolar ridge preservation (LP/ARP) and early implantation (EP) in periodontally compromised non-molar extraction sites. Sixteen patients were randomly assigned to the following groups: implant placement 4 months post-ARP (group LP/ARP) and tooth extraction and implant placement 4–8 weeks post-extraction (group EP). Dental impressions were obtained immediately after final prosthesis insertion and at 3, 6, and 12 months. At the time of implant placement, bone augmentation was performed in the majority of the patients. Profilometric changes of the tissue contour were minimal between the final prosthesis insertion and 12 months in the mid-facial area (0.04–0.35 mm in group LP/ARP, 0.04–0.19 mm in group EP). The overall tissue volume increased in both groups (1.70 mm3 in group LP/ARP, 0.96 mm3 in group EP). In conclusion, LP/ARP and EP led to similar stability of the peri-implant tissue contour between the final prosthesis insertion and at 12 months. Moreover, the change of peri-implant tissue on the soft tissue level was minimal in both modalities.
Alignment of axial anisotropy of a mononuclear hexa-coordinated Co(ii) complex in a lattice shows improved single molecule magnetic behavior over a 2D coordination polymer having a similar ligand field
Authors: Kharwar Ajit Kumar , Mondal Arpan , Konar Sanjit
Published: January 2021

The parallel orientation of the anisotropic axes minimizes the transverse component and slow down the relaxation process and results in a higher energy barrier in 0D complex as compared to 2D framework where anisotropic axes are randomly oriented.
Chromous carbonates containing a square-grid layer of {Cr2(CO3)4}n4n−based on a dichromium(ii,ii) paddlewheel core
Authors: Dong Zhi-Qiang , Yang Jian-Hui , Liu Bin
Published: January 2021

The structural, spectroscopic and magnetic properties of chromous carbonates with a square-grid layer structure constructed from Cr2(CO3)44−paddlewheel units.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a halogenated phenazine-erythromycin conjugate prodrug for antibacterial applications
Authors: Yang Hongfen , Liu Ke , Jin Shouguang , Huigens III Robert W.
Published: January 2021

We report the synthesis and initial biological assessment of a halogenated phenazine–erythromycin conjugate prodrug 5 aimed to treat bacterial infections.
Synthesis of macrocyclic and medium-sized ring thiolactones via the ring expansion of lactams
Authors: Palate Kleopas Y. , Epton Ryan G. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Lynam Jason M. , Unsworth William P.
Published: January 2021

A method to ring expand lactams into macrocyclic thiolactones is reported that can be incorporated into successive ring expansion sequences.
Thriving artificial underwater drag-reduction materials inspired from aquatic animals: progresses and challenges
Authors: Tian Guizhong , Fan Dongliang , Feng Xiaoming , Zhou Honggen
Published: January 2021

In the past decades, drag-reduction surfaces have attracted more and more attention due to their potentiality and wide applications in various fields such as traffic, energy transportation, agriculture, textile industry, and military.
Molecular methods unravel the biosynthetic potential of Trichoderma species
Authors: Shenouda Mary L. , Cox Russell J.
Published: January 2021

Members of the genus Trichoderma are a well-established and studied group of fungi, mainly due to their efficient protein production capabilities and their biocontrol activities.
Blowing big bubbles
Authors: Hamlett Christopher A. E. , Boniface Dolachai N. , Salonen Anniina , Rio Emmanuelle , Perkins Connor , Clark Alastair , Nyugen Sang , Fairhurst David J.
Published: January 2021

The radius of blown soap bubbles is very sensitive to the normalised air speed (Weber number We), growing up to ten times the wand radius in the slow speed dripping mode and reducing to just double the wand radius in the high speed jetting mode.
Elastomeric nematic colloids, colloidal crystals and microstructures with complex topology
Authors: Yuan Ye , Keller Patrick , Smalyukh Ivan I.
Published: January 2021

Genus-one nematic elastomeric colloidal rings fabricated using two-photon photopolymerization exhibit anisotropic actuation and even change from genus-one to genus-zero surface topology as controlled by thermal stimuli.
Highly stretchable, non-flammable and notch-insensitive intrinsic self-healing solid-state polymer electrolyte for stable and safe flexible lithium batteries
Authors: Wang Cheng , Li RuiJing , Chen Peng , Fu Yongsheng , Ma XinYan , Shen Tao , Zhou Baojing , Chen Ke , Fu JiaJun , Bao Xiaofang , Yan Wuwei , Yang Yong
Published: January 2021

A highly stretchable (extensibility > 4000% and stress > 130 kPa), adhesive (weight loading > 200 g), non-flammable and notch-insensitive intrinsic self-healing solid-state polymer electrolyte is designed for stable and safe flexible batteries.
Stabilization of a bismuth–bismuth double bond by anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Ho Luong Phong , Tamm Matthias
Published: January 2021

Anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes have been employed for the isolation of the first dicarbene–dibismuth complex; the resulting dibismuthene features atrans-bent geometry with a Bi–Bi double bond and short intramolecular Bi–Cipsocontacts.
Évaluation de l’érosion hydrique dans des bassins versants de la zone semi-aride tunisienne avec les modèles RUSLE et MUSLE couplés à un Système d’information géographique
Authors: Khemiri Khaoula , Jebari Sihem
Published: January 2021

L’érosion hydrique est une préoccupation agronomique, économique et environnementale importante en milieu semi-aride méditerranéen. Le choix de la méthode pour l’estimer dépend des données disponibles et des conditions de la zone d’étude. Cet article vise à quantifier et spatialiser l’érosion hydrique en utilisant l’équation universelle des pertes en sol (Universal Soil Loss Equation [USLE]) dans ses versions modifiée (Modified − MUSLE) et révisée (Revised − RUSLE) et couplées à un Système d’information géographique (SIG) : MUSLE-SIG et RUSLE-SIG. Les données de terrain de deux bassins versants situés au centre de la Tunisie, Fidh Ali et Fidh Ben Naceur, ont été utilisées. Les deux modèles ont été calés et validés pour la période 1994–2000. Les résultats montrent une simulation satisfaisante de la réalité en termes de dégradation du paysage, avec des résultats assez similaires pour les deux modèles. RUSLE-SIG, plus récent, est largement utilisé par les chercheurs en Tunisie, mais la version calibrée de MUSLE-SIG donne ici d’aussi bons résultats. Ces deux modèles pourraient donc être utilisés par les organismes de développement agricole et de lutte contre l’érosion dans les zones semi-arides de Tunisie, le choix de l’un ou de l’autre étant tributaire de la disponibilité des données nécessaires.
Technically recoverable methane hydrate potential of the marine regions in the exclusive economic zones of Turkey
Authors: Merey Sukru
Published: January 2021

The present study was carried out to determine technically recoverable methane hydrate potential of the marine regions in the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of Turkey by using the algorithm developed and Monte Carlo simulation method. It was found that technically recoverable methane in methane hydrate-bearings in the EEZ of Turkey is approximately 12.08 standard trillion cubic meters (tcm). These reserves are in the Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea within the EEZ of Turkey. Although there are some thermogenic gas hydrate potentials in the Sea of Marmara, the EEZ of Turkey in the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea (or the Sea of Islands) do not have any technically recoverable methane hydrate potential at current technological conditions.
Intensifying the process of methane gas hydrates crystallization in the presence of surface-activated substances
Authors: Svietkina Olena , Kovalevska Iryna , Sai Kateryna , Prokopenko Kostiantyn
Published: January 2021

The crystallization process of gas hydrates during their formation in the presence of surface-active substances (SAS) is studied. The research is conducted in two directions – theoretical and experimental. Experimental data on the crystallization rate of methane gas hydrates formation in the presence of surfactants have been obtained: high-molecular compounds are used on the basis of polymeric quaternary ammonium salts containing side aliphatic radicals of various lengths in the acyl fragment, as well as a number of specific surfactants. The process of methane gas hydrates formation is performed using a laboratory setup of the NPO modification for the gas hydrates creation. To analyse the experimental data, technical and metrological instruments are used: stalagmometric method with automatic photoelectric drop counting, conductometric method, Wheatstone bridge, spectrophotometric titration of amino end-groups, viscometer VPZh-1. It has been substantiated that the crystal formation rate depends on the surfactant concentration. New experimental dependences of the gas hydrates formation on surfactants under thermobaric conditions in the presence of surfactants have been found. It has been revealed that the crystallization process during the methane gas hydrates formation is accelerated in the presence of a surfactant. As a result of their application, the effect of solubilization and catalysis arises with the formation of the so-called “diffusion zone”, the size of which decreases in the presence of surfactants, thereby accelerating the substance transfer to the surface on which crystallization occurs. An increase in the surfactant concentration leads to an increase in the rate of molecular diffusion, and also creates a more intense turbulent diffusion.
On liquid phase hydrates formation in pipelines in the course of gas non-stationary flow
Authors: Davitashvili Teimuraz
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, when the emphasis is on alternative means of energy, natural gas is still used as an efficient and convenient fuel both in the home (for heating buildings and water, cooking, drying and lighting) and in industry together with electricity. In industrial terms, gas is one of the main sources of electricity generation in both developed and developing countries. Pipelines are the most popular means of transporting natural gas domestically and internationally. The main reasons for the constipation of gas pipelines are the formation of hydrates, freezing of water plugs, pollution, etc. It is an urgent task to take timely measures against the formation of hydrates in the pipeline. To stop gas hydrate formation in gas transporting pipelines, from existing methods the mathematical modelling with hydrodynamic method is more acceptable. In this paper the problem of prediction of possible points of hydrates origin in the main pipelines taking into consideration gas non-stationary flow and heat exchange with medium is studied. For solving the problem the system of partial differential equations governing gas non-stationary flow in main gas pipeline is investigated. The problem solution for gas adiabatic flow is presented.
Design and numerical simulation of a microwave antenna with coaxial slots for preventing secondary formation of gas hydrate
Authors: Wang Shujing , Zhu Yue , Bondarenko Volodymyr , Dreus Andrii , Liang Jinqiang , Liu Baochang
Published: January 2021

Gas hydrate is a new clean energy resource with polar molecule. However due to the change of temperature and pressure during extraction process, there will be secondary formation of gas hydrate, which usually occurs in reservoirs or pipelines near the wellhead. It is significance to prevent secondary formation of hydrate because of safety issues or production rate reduction caused by it. Theoretically, microwave heating can accelerate the decomposition of gas hydrate. Therefore, it is possible to use microwave radiation to prevent secondary formation of hydrate. In this paper, a microwave antenna with special shaped coaxial-slots was designed. Based on electromagnetics and antenna transmission theories, the key parameters of the coaxial-slot antenna were calculated. The frequency is 2.45 GHz, the impedance is 50 ohms, and ratio of outer to inner conductor radius is 3.32. The slots were designed as ‘H’-shape with the width is 2 mm, the radial length is 12mm, the axial length is 14 mm and the interval is 35 mm. Teflon was used as filling material and the radome. Then the software HFSS and ANSYS were used to analyze the electromagnetic field and temperature field to further optimize the parameters. It will be proved that the microwave antenna can heat gas hydrate and prevent the secondary formation.
Investigation of the dissipative structures following microseismic diffusion during hydraulic fracturing of methane-hydrate-bearing sand
Authors: Nazimko Victor , Pidgurna Olga , Kusen Olexiy
Published: January 2021

Hydraulic fracturing is a prospective technology for methane hydrate deposit exploitation. The evolution of hydraulically stimulated fractures around the point of liquid injection is simulated. For this purpose, the FLAC3D computer model is used because of its explicit calculation cycle that imitates real physics, prevents numerical instability, and reproduces a realistic path during simulation of the nonlinear rock massif behavior. The results of the simulation provide for new findings, namely, the spatial asymmetry and synchronism violation, spatial deviation, discontinuity, and recurrence during microseismic diffusion, which follow the process of hydraulic fracturing. In addition, dissipative structures were developed due to entropy production, since gas hydrate strata are an open thermodynamic system, which transforms and dissipates the energy of the injected liquid. The process of dissipative structure evolution should be controlled to enhance the gas yield from the hydrates.
The concept of application of oscillation energy in modern technologies of directional drilling
Authors: Chernova Miroslava , Kuntsiak Yaroslav
Published: January 2021

In the process of research, there was investigated the question of influence of rotary movement of washing fluid on hydrodynamic processes with the purpose of enhancement of its transportation properties, especially in the process of drilling of horizontal wells. At present stage of science and technology development, improvement of effectiveness of drilling of horizontal wells is done at the expense of improvement of hydrodynamic circulation processes that prevent complications related to stability disturbances of well walls, formation of stagnation zones, and separation of sludge with significant reduction of energy costs. The matter of the article is related to the process of formation of stability of rotary-forward motion of washing fluid in the annulus of horizontal well directly by the energy of the flow, and also substantiation of methods of regulation of hydrodynamic parameters and flow structure with consideration of concrete geological and technical conditions.
Application of resonant oscillatory systems for the seafloor gas hydrates development
Authors: Haiko Hennadii , Zhivkov Oleksandr , Pyha Lubov
Published: January 2021

The prospects for the gas recovery from bottom gas hydrates are studied, and the necessity for the formation of an innovation environment and practical steps for conducting industrial experiments are formulated. The promising methods of shielded development of seafloor gas hydrate deposits are analyzed and the technical problems of their improvement are revealed. The possibilities of using resonant oscillatory systems for the shielded development of bottom gas hydrates are studied, in particular, a Helmholtz flow-excited resonator. The expediency of using high-quality oscillations of the “rotator” type has been substantiated in order to facilitate controlled gas hydrates dissociation over large areas of a gas hydrate field and to counteract the formation of new gas hydrates in the fractures of hydraulic reservoir fracturing. A method has been developed of gas recovery from bottom methane hydrates using a resonator device, which significantly reduces the energy consumption for the gas hydrates dissociation and contributes to the technological processes control.
Synergistic approach as an innovative basis for obtaining a natural gas substitute
Authors: Saik Pavlo , Maksymova Ella , Lozynskyi Vasyl , Cabana Edgar , Petlovanyi Mykhailo
Published: January 2021

This paper studies the key problems of mining enterprises activity, which is mainly based on monofunctionality. A synergistic approach is described, which is a constituent basis for perspective performance of coal mines. The possibilities for profile reorientation of the coal mine operation as an enterprise for obtaining a natural gas substitute are analysed. The design peculiarities of a laboratory setup for studying the coal gasification processes (carbonaceous feed, various types of waste, etc.) are described that will form new approaches to implementation of the pilot units for producing the natural gas substitutes on the territory of coal mining enterprises, and combine them into a single mine technological chain. The developed setup, aimed to study the gasification processes, makes it possible to substantiate and determine the parameters of the carbonaceous feed gasification technology for obtaining the end product as a natural gas substitute.
Overview of the French organic sector of oilseeds and protein crops
Authors: Canale Charlotte , Labalette Françoise , Ruiz-Le Guillou Céline
Published: January 2021

To respond to the demand of organic products for feed (oilmeals, protein crops) and food (oil, dry pulses), organic oilseed and protein crops surfaces are increasing rapidly in France. Terres Univia, the interbranch organisation which represents French oilseed and oil fruit sector and French high protein crops sector interests, carried out a comprehensive 2-year survey in 2016 and 2017 on the different actors of the organic production chain from the collectors to feed and food users. The study showed that organic sector was, at this time, well organized but that it had to face some challenges to meet up with the scale up of organic sectors. Collectors must ensure outlets and prices for producers, accompanying the choice and technical management of production crops. They need to reach a better matched between offer and demand to reduce their logistic cost by, for example, contracting with the producers and the users. Crushers must ensure their cost-effectiveness by enhancing the valuation of co-products (meals for rapeseed and sunflower, oil for soya) and improve their economies of scale. They also strongly rely on grain imports because of a lack of French supplies (rapeseed and soybean particularly). As for feed manufacturers, the new organic regulation for January 2022 brings even more constraints to reach the nutritional need for monogastric.
ECMO in der Thoraxchirurgie: Grundlagen und Pathophysiologie
Authors: Redwan B. , Freermann C. , Akil A. , Fischer S.
Published: January 2021

Die extrakorporale Lungenunterstützung (ECLS) stellt heutzutage ein gut etabliertes Verfahren in der Thoraxchirurgie dar. In Abhängigkeit von der respiratorischen und hämodynamischen Situation des Patienten wird die ECLS in verschiedenen Modalitäten eingesetzt. Dies erfordert ein ausreichendes Wissen über die verschiedene ECMO-Modalitäten (ECMO: extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung), Kanülierungswege, zur Verfügung stehendes technisches Equipment und über die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen im Zusammenhang mit derartiger Technologie, um das individuell auf die Patientenbedürfnisse angepasste Verfahren zu wählen. Dementsprechend kann die Therapie je nach klinischer Situation im Verlauf eskaliert bzw. deeskaliert werden.
Klinischer Verlauf typischer und atypischer Karzinoide (bpNET) – Auswertung von Registerdaten des PneuNET-Registers Berlin zur Identifikation von Indikatoren zur Prognosebestimmung und Therapieplanung
Authors: Kurz S. , Kollmeier J. , Schmidt B. , Schneider P. , Utzig M. , Grohé C.
Published: January 2021

Ziel Retrospektive Auswertung von Registerdaten des PneuNET-Registers Berlin zur Erfassung des klinischen Verlaufes typischer und atypischer Karzinoide (bpNET).

Methode Im Zeitraum von 2007 – 2016 wurden klinikeigene Tumordatenbanken aus 3 Berliner Zentren systematisch nach der Diagnose Karzinoid durchsucht. Einschlusskriterien waren: das Vorliegen eines neuroendokrinen Lungentumors im Sinne eines typischen oder atypischen Karzinoids, Alter > 18 Jahre und erfasster Erkrankungsverlauf über mindestens 2 Jahre oder Tod zuvor. Daten bezüglich epidemiologischer Parameter wie Häufigkeit, Geschlecht, biologischer Aktivität, Raucherstatus, Tumorlokalisation, Biomarker, Folgediagnostik sowie Therapie und Nachsorge wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Ab dem 01. 01. 2007 wurden retrospektiv 187 Patienten mit der Erstdiagnose eines bronchopulmonalen Karzinoids erfasst, wobei das Verhältnis von TC zu AC 8:2 betrug. Das mediane Erkrankungsalter lag bei 65,4 Jahren, 64 % der Patienten waren Frauen. 10,7 % der Patienten wiesen eine pulmonale Symptomatik auf, bei 2 Patienten zeigte sich ein Karzinoidsyndrom, ein MEN-1-Syndrom wurde bei keinem Patienten nachgewiesen. 87,7 % der Patienten erhielten eine operative Therapie, dabei überwog mit 69,5 % die Lobektomie mit systematischer Lymphadenektomie. Lediglich 10 % der Patienten wurden primär im Tumorstadium IV erstdiagnostiziert, hier überwogen die Patienten mit AC. Die Systemtherapie war uneinheitlich und umfasste neben der Chemotherapie die Therapie mit Everolimus und Somatostatinrezeptoranaloga.

Schlussfolgerungen Bronchopulmonale Karzinoide gehören zu den gut differenzierten neuroendokrinen Tumoren der Lunge und werden überwiegend in einem frühen Erkrankungsstadium mit möglichem lokalen Therapieansatz und resultierender guter Prognose diagnostiziert. Bei Nachweis eines metastasierten Tumorstadiums stehen mit dem mTOR-Inhibitor Everolimus oder Somatostatinrezeptoranaloga systemische Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung. Aufgrund der insgesamt seltenen Tumorerkrankung ist eine systematische Erfassung der Patienten im NET-Register zur Erhebung prospektiver Daten und der Erarbeitung eines einheitlichen Diagnostik- und Therapiealgorithmus sinnvoll.
Clinical Relevance of Changes in Pain Intensity in Patients with Specific Back Pain
Authors: Haase Ingo , Kladny Bernd
Published: January 2021

Background Pain intensity is frequently measured on the 11-point numerical pain rating scale (NRS-PI), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 points (worst imaginable pain). However, it is difficult to interpret the clinical importance of changes from baseline to endpoint on this instrument.

Objectives To estimate the minimal detectable change (MDC) and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for average pain intensity in patients with specific back pain.

Materials and Methods Data on 1232 subjects with specific back pain from a German hospital were included in this study. A score combining the patientʼs (PGIC) and the physicianʼs global impression of change (CGIC) over the in-patient length of stay was used as an external criterion. A priori, we considered the score value “slightly improved” as the MCID. MDC was calculated using the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the standard deviation (SD) of the sample. MCID was estimated by the mean value of PI-NRS change in patients who self-assess as “slightly improved”, and by sensitivity/specificity analyses, computed by the receiver operating characteristic method (ROC).

Results MDC was 1.77. The MCS and ROC methods consistently showed an MCID of 2 for the total sample. Both methods showed the dependence of the MCID on the initial pain: 1 for mild to moderate pain at baseline (1 – 4 NRS points), 2 for moderate to severe pain (5 – 7) and 3 – 4 for very severe to extreme pain (8 – 10). For patients with lumbosacral intervertebral disc disorders and patients in the acute phase (duration of pain < 6 weeks), the ROC method resulted in a higher limit than the MCS method.

Conclusions In order to facilitate the interpretation of changes and to take into account the patientʼs perspective, the global assessment of the success of treatment should be used as an anchor criterion. In addition to dealing with pain measurement, function-related and psychosocial aspects of pain symptoms should be kept in mind.
Employing Standardised Methods to Compare Injury Risk Across Seven Youth Team Sports
Authors: Barden Craig , Quarrie Kenneth L. , McKay Carly , Stokes Keith A
Published: January 2021

Injury surveillance systems seek to describe injury risk for a given sport, in order to inform preventative strategies. This often leads to comparisons between studies, although these inferences may be inappropriate, considering the range of methods adopted. This study aimed to describe the injury epidemiology of seven youth sports, enabling valid comparisons of injury risk. Consistent methods were employed across seven sports [male American football, basketball, soccer, rugby league, rugby union; female soccer and rugby union] at a high school in England. A 24-hour time-loss injury definition was adopted. Descriptive statistics and injury incidence (/1000 match-hours) are reported. In total, 322 injuries were sustained by 240 athletes (mean age=17.7±1.0) in 10 273 player-match hours. American football had a significantly greater injury incidence (86/1000 h; 95% CI 61–120) than all sports except female rugby union (54/1000 h; 95% CI 37–76). Concussion was the most common injury (incidence range 0.0–26.7/1000 h), while 59% of injuries occurred via player contact. This study employed standardized data collection methods, allowing valid and reliable comparisons of injury risk between youth sports. This is the first known study to provide epidemiological data for female rugby union, male basketball and American football in an English youth population, enabling the development of preventative strategies.
Der Einfluss von mütterlicher Adipositas auf ausgewählte geburtshilfliche Parameter
Authors: Schildberger Barbara , Hofer Katarina , Harrasser Alois , Leitner Hermann
Published: January 2021

Einleitung In Österreich hat sich der prozentuelle Anteil der Bevölkerung mit Adipositas im Zeitraum von 1999 bis 2014 um 5,2% erhöht, wobei der Anteil an adipösen Frauen zwischen 15 und 45 Jahren 14,8% betrug. Nachweislich steigt mit einem erhöhten Body Mass Index (BMI) der Frauen das Risiko für Pathologien und Regelwidrigkeiten während Schwangerschaft, Geburt und Wochenbett. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss mütterlicher Adipositas auf ausgewählte geburtshilfliche Parameter analysiert.

Methodik Der Datensatz umfasst alle Einlingsgeburten zwischen 1.1.2008 und 31.12.2018 mit berechenbarem BMI (n=640 922) aus dem österreichischen Geburtenregister. Der mütterliche BMI wurde mit den Variablen Alter der Mutter, Parität, Schwangerschaftsdauer, Geburtseinleitung, Geburtsmodus, kindlicher APGAR-Wert, kindlicher Nabelschnur pH-Wert und kindliche Mortalität in Relation gesetzt und mittels deskriptiver Darstellung der Häufigkeiten sowie bivariater Analyseverfahren ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Ein BMI der Frauen ≥30 bewirkt eine erhöhte Rate an Frühgeburten, Geburtseinleitungen, Kaiserschnitten, an neonatalen APGAR-Werten < 8 sowie ≤4, niedrigeren Nabelschnur pH-Werten von <7,2 sowie erhöhten Raten an kindlicher Mortalität. Im Gegensatz dazu findet seltener eine vaginal operative Geburtsbeendigung statt.

Schlussfolgerungen Adipositas hat einen negativen Einfluss auf diverse geburtshilfliche Faktoren. Durch Prävention sollte eine gesunde Lebensweise bereits vor Eintreten der Schwangerschaft gefördert werden.
Der Insulin-Unterschied von Jungen und Mädchen bei Geburt
Authors: Simon Hans Gottfried
Published: January 2021

Einleitung Ob Mädchen bei Geburt höhere Insulinspiegel haben als Jungen ist umstritten. Klärung sollen die Insulinwerte von 863 in Folge geborenen Kindern bringen, deren Mütter kein Screening auf Gestationsdiabetes hatten.

Methodik Nabelschnurserum, mit einem handelsüblichen Insulintest bestimmt, wird retrospektiv auf geschlechtsabhängige Insulinunterschiede untersucht.

Ergebnisse Mädchen zeigen höhere Medianwerte als Jungen (♀6,0/♂5,2 µU/ml). Die Insulin-Geschlechts-Differenz beträgt 0,8 µU/ml [95% KI 0,3 bis 1,3], p -Wert 0,003. Sie wird ebenfalls bei AGA-Kindern, bei Neugeborenen von Mehrgebärenden, nach primärer Sectio caesarea und spontaner vaginaler Geburt gefunden (0,8/1,2/1,7/0,9 µU/ml; p-Werte 0,003/0,001/0,025/0,006). Makrosome (LGA/≥4000 g) Mädchen von Mehrgebärenden weisen die höchsten Insulinwerte (13,8/13,8 µU/ml) und die höchste Insulin-Geschlechts-Differenz auf (5,5/5,6 µU/ml, p-Werte 0,001/0,001). Erstgeborene, die weniger als 3640 g wiegen, zeigen diese Insulindifferenz, aber ≥ 4060 g existiert eine inverse Insulin-Geschlechts-Differenz (-5,4 µU/ml; p-Wert 0,023) mit höheren Insulinwerten von Jungen (11,3 µU/ml). Kinder mit Hyperinsulinämie (≥ 20 µU/ml) (17♀/11♂) zeigen keine Insulin-Geschlechts-Differenz, Mädchen wiegen mehr als Jungen (154 g, p-Wert 0,463), Geschwisterkinder 695 g mehr (p-Wert 0,0001) als Erstgeborene.

Schlussfolgerung Höhere Insulinwerte der Mädchen bei Geburt werden bestätigt. Eine bislang nicht bekannte inverse Insulindifferenz mit höheren Insulinwerten makrosomer erstgeborener Jungen wird nachgewiesen.
Hydrodynamic Considerations VI: Temporary Shunting for Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Observational Study of Two Treatment Variants
Authors: Guimarães Victor Beneditti , Muniz Felipe Henrique , Santos Jakeline Flávia Sertório , Bertani Raphael , Monteiro Ruy , Maset Angelo Luiz , Moraes Dionei
Published: January 2021

Introduction Patients who have external ventricular drainage (EVD) inserted are prone to many risks and complications. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a frequent and life-threatening complication for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and results in an increased morbidity and mortality for those patients. An EVD insertion is a frequent surgical procedure for those with IVH. However, it is also known that IVH patients have a much higher rate of ventricular catheter occlusion. We hypothesize that blood clots have a predominant participation as a pathophysiological mechanism for EVD occlusion, and that a different and more appropriate catheter design might decrease the occlusion rate occurring during the utilization of EVDs on patients with IVH and, therefore, reduce implantation time.

Methods The electronic data sheets of 30 patients with spontaneous IVH from March 2014 until April 2015 were evaluated. Two concepts in catheter design were evaluated: A group of 15 patients with a conventional type of catheter inserted was identified as Group C (conventional). A group of 15 patients with a new design of catheter inserted was identified as Group H (hemorrhagic). Both groups were compared regarding survival end parameters, outcomes, days spent in intensive care units (ICUs) and time spent with EVDs implanted.

Results Hospitalization at the ICU was statistically significantly reduced for Group H compared with Group C. There was no significant difference among the hospitalization days between both groups. There was no statistical difference either for acute hydrocephalus or death rate. External ventricular drainage implantation days were significantly reduced for Group H related to Group C.

Conclusion The results of the present study points to the fact that, although apparently the new catheter design did not change some secondary complications such as hydrocephalus and hospitalization rate, it seems that a better or specifically designed catheter for IVH purposes might lead to less ICU hospitalization days and EVD implantation days, two factors that have economic impact on healthcare due to the reduction of hospitalization costs and reduced incidence of related complications. The information obtained by this preliminary study should be grounded by a larger, more detailed and prospective evaluation; if these preliminary data are maintained, the new design should be considered for IVH associated EVDs insertions.
Superficial-Temporal-Artery-To-Middle-Cerebral-Artery Bypass in Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease and Hemodynamic-Related Ischemia: Illustrative Case and Literature Review
Authors: Isolan Gustavo Rassier , Caracante Ricardo de Andrade , Telles João Paulo Mota , Rabelo Nícollas Nunes , Figueredo Eberval Gadelha
Published: January 2021

Stroke is the third most common cause of death worldwide. About 10% to 15% of strokes related to the territory of the carotid artery are associated with its complete occlusion. There is an important subgroup of patients with cerebrovascular occlusive diseases who might benefit from an external-carotid-to-internal-carotid bypass. In the present study, we report a case of a 53-year-old male patient with stenosis of the M2 branch of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), with a history of ∼ 20 episodes of transient ischemic accidents (TIA)s, in whom an anastomosis of the M4 branch of the superficial temporal artery-MCA was performed. The patient was discharged in three days, and in the two years of follow-up, they were no more TIAs. We also conducted a review of the literature on cerebrovascular occlusive disease and extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. New methods to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics made it possible to classify a new subgroup of patients with symptomatic cerebrovascular disease and documented cerebrovascular compromise in whom the drug therapy fails, who can benefit from the extracranial-intracranial bypass. Our case report illustrates the advantages of revascularization in these selected patients.