bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic characteristics of vibration localization of mistuned bladed disk due to shroud and blade damages
Authors: Kan Xuanen , Wang Kai , Zhao Bo
Published: October 2023

Dynamic behaviors of turbine blades are important for the dynamic design of whole-bladed disk systems. The bladed disk systems with shrouds are used to achieve advanced functions in operation. The shrouds are used to connect several blades as a bladed packet, and several bladed packets are assembled as a bladed disk. Previous researches mainly focus on the mistuning of the bladed disk. However, in operation, the shrouds often suffer damage and wear, and it will lead to shrouds mistuning. The shroud is a critical component for adjusting the coupling strength of the blade to the blade. The innovation of this paper is to study the coupling dynamics problem caused by blade mistuning and shroud damage. The localized vibration of the bladed disk is caused by the blade mistuning, and the shroud damage can also cause the localized vibration of the bladed disk. The coupling dynamic behaviors of bladed disk caused by blade mistuning and shroud damage are important. Therefore, the dynamic behaviors of a mistuned bladed disk with the shroud are important for the bladed disk. A numerical method is conducted to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the whole bladed disk with shroud. The coupling effect between shroud and blade mistuning on the dynamic behaviors of the bladed disk is researched. The numerical model is validated by assuming the shroud and blade mistuning is zero. The coupling effect of shroud and blade mistuning leads to the characteristics being more complicated. Bladed packet is the basic part of the bladed disk with shroud. In order to study the modal characteristics of bladed packets due to shroud, an experiment is conducted. It is worth noting that the first sub remains invariable with the increasing of stiffness ratio.
Introduction: All quiet on the Eastern front? Recent dynamics in the governance of religion in post-communist Europe
Authors: Yakova Liliya , Račius Egdūnas
Published: October 2023

Although decades have passed since the constituent republics of what used to be the USSR and the member-states of its satellite Warsaw Pact dropped off the communist rule, in many regards, the countries of Eastern Europe continue to be in transition. One of the areas where this transition is clearly observable in these countries is the governance of religious diversity. In the aftermath of the collapse of communism, most of the states in the region adopted liberal regimes of the governance of religion as well as pro-diversity tendencies, which allowed for the burgeoning and thriving of various religious collectivities. Recently, however, there has been an observable purported turn away from a generally positive attitude in regards to religious diversity in different parts of the region from alleged freedom towards greater control of religious collectivities and their activities. To account for such processes, this special issue takes on the theoretical perspective of religious nationalism to analyse some of the underlying dynamics of such processes. In this the special issue addresses a number of questions, the major of which is: whether religious nationalism influences the governance of religion in post-communist Europe, and if so, how? This introductory piece outlines the research agenda of this special issue and briefly presents the major argument of each case study.
The Iron Curtain and Referee Bias in International Football
Authors: Dagaev Dmitry , Paklina Sofia , Reade J. James , Singleton Carl
Published: October 2023

Using the assignment of referees to European international association football matches played between 2002 and 2016, we ask whether judgments were biased according to the legacy of the Cold War. We find that referees from post-communist states favored teams from non-communist states, but there was no evidence of favoritism in the other direction. This out-group bias of referees born behind the Iron Curtain was statistically significant for relatively less important and more subjective decisions, namely the awarding of yellow cards for foul play. The bias was particularly large among referees from the former Soviet Union. It has also diminished over time, perhaps due to increased professionalism in European refereeing, or because memories of the Cold War era have diminished among active referees.
Health, Salud, 健康: Individualizing Behavioral Needs in a Multicultural World
Authors: Rock Madeline , Watkins Dustan , Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: October 2023

Diversity within the United States continues to increase, making it imperative that health care providers understand the impact of cultural background on health behaviors and perceptions. These practices promote trusting patient–provider relationships, improve outcomes, and increase patient satisfaction. In this article, we discuss the 3 largest ethnic or racial minority groups in the United States, Hispanics, African Americans, and Asians, and the intersection of culture and health care through the lens of these distinct communities. We also offer behavioral recommendations to increase awareness and knowledge regarding vast cultural variations within our communities while embracing cultural humility.
Polypharmacy, Unintended Consequences, and Impact of Lifestyle Medicine
Authors: Srivastava Sneha Baxi
Published: October 2023

The coexistence of more than one chronic condition is called multimorbidity. Polypharmacy is defined as the use of multiple medicines with the typical definition stating 5 or more medications. There are several risk factors associated with polypharmacy and it may occur due to many reasons. Polypharmacy has been associated with multiple negative outcomes including nonadherence to treatment, side effects, drug-drug or disease interactions, falls, fractures, impairments—physical and cognitive, and medical errors. Strategies to assess and address polypharmacy are necessary, and lifestyle medicine is shown to play a role in improving health outcomes even when polypharmacy exists.
Lifestyle Medicine Virtual Group Visits: Patient Attendance and Perceived Benefits
Authors: Mirsky Jacob , Brodney Suzanne , Boratyn Veronica , Thorndike Anne N.
Published: October 2023

Lifestyle Medicine Virtual Group Visits (LMVGVs) can be implemented in health systems to address chronic disease care gaps. This study assessed whether patients’ attendance patterns at primary care-based LMVGVs were associated with self-reported changes in lifestyle behaviors. Patients who were scheduled for LMVGVs between September 2020 and April 2022 (N = 261) were mailed a survey between February and April 2022; 124 (48%) respondents completed the survey, and 111 with complete data were included. Mean age (SD) was 60.6 (12.5) years, 73% were female, and 83% were White. Twelve respondents (11%) attended 0, 51 (46%) attended 1-4, and 48 (43%) attended ≥5 LMVGVs. Compared to respondents who attended 1-4 LMVGVs, those who attended ≥5 LMVGVs reported eating healthier (85% vs 41%; P < .001), increasing physical activity (71% vs 37%; P < .001), and losing weight (53% vs 25%; P < .01). Most respondents who attended 1-4 LMVGVs (75%) and ≥5 LMVGVs (89%) reported maintaining lifestyle changes “some” or “a lot.” LMVGV-based programs may be a scalable strategy for promoting healthy behavior change for improved chronic disease care.
High-accuracy torque estimation and safety control for induction motor used in electric vehicles
Authors: Peng Zhiyuan , Si Honglu , Wang Haibing , Zhou Chaodong , Chen Guoli , Deng Tao , Shu Yuchun , Wang Yi , Liu Zengyue , Yin LianZuo
Published: October 2023

As a power output unit, Induction Motor (IM) is widely used in Electric Vehicles (EV) due to its unique advantages of higher power density and better torque ability. With more complicated motor controller system, there are some hardware and software failures which bring some risks including EV unexpected acceleration or deceleration, therefore it is necessary to build high-accuracy torque estimation and safety control strategy. Firstly, hazard and safety concept are analyzed to make sure function safety goals and levels for IM system. Secondly, a novel method of high-accuracy torque estimation is proposed based on a rotor dynamic and composite flux linkage observer. Then, fault diagnosis and handling mechanisms of motor torque are designed to avoid hazards when it is a significant difference between motor estimation torque and vehicle requested torque. Finally, power test and Hardware in Loop (HIL) bench are configured to verify torque estimation accuracy and fault protection mechanisms rationality by comparing test results and injecting related faults. Experiment result shows that motor torque accuracy is within ±5 Nm and fault protection mechanisms can bring motor to safety state promptly.
The biomechanical properties of the hook plate and pull-out suture in mallet finger fractures: a cadaveric study
Authors: Suwannaphisit Sitthiphong , Saengsirinavin Pamok , Panichnantho Nipat , Kwanyuang Atichart , Gonggoon Akkharaphon , Jaroenporn Woraphon
Published: October 2023

A total of 32 cadaveric fingers with bony mallet injuries were fixed using either the hook plate or the pull-out suture technique. The purpose of this study was to assess the immediate postoperative biomechanical responses of the fixation techniques under different load conditions. The fingers were cyclically loaded with a force of 7 N for 3500 cycles and until construct failure. The maximum displacements of the hook plate and pull-out sutures were 0.7 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively ( p = 0.556). The stiffnesses of the hook plate and pull-out suture were 1.3 N/mm and 1.1 N/mm, respectively ( p = 0.515). The ultimate loads-to-failure for the hook plate and pull-out suture were 64.4 N (interquartile range [IQR] 37.7–77.7) and 44.5 N (IQR 29.7–63.5), respectively ( p = 0.094). Both fixation techniques were able to withstand immediate postoperative mobilization without any difference in fracture displacement, construct stiffness or maximum load to failure.
Foveal triangular fibrocartilage complex pathology: a potentially under-recognized injury
Authors: Welling Benjamin , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: October 2023

The primary aim of the present study was to present a case series of 24 patients with foveal triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries that were treated with arthroscopically assisted TFCC foveal repair. In total, 19 patients had a stable distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and five had an unstable DRUJ. Despite this, all patients were found to have a foveal tear upon DRUJ arthroscopy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans detected only eight out of 23 patients with foveal injuries. In addition to their foveal injury, 19 of the 24 patients had additional pathology that required treatment. At a mean follow-up of 18 months, there was a statistically significant improvement in pain, range of motion, grip strength and functional scores. In this study, we demonstrate that having a stable DRUJ upon clinical examination and normal MRI findings does not rule out foveal TFCC injury and a high index of clinical suspicion is needed when managing patients with ulnar sided wrist pain.

Level of evidence: IV.
Validation of radiographic assessment of radiocarpal (mal)alignment in a normal population
Authors: Verdonckt Anthony , Hollevoet Nadine
Published: October 2023

We measured radiocarpal alignment in 150 standard lateral radiographs of normal wrists. In 84% of the cases, the lines of the long axis of the capitate and radius did not cross within the carpus.
Novel prosthesis with proximity sensor for upper extremity phocomelia
Authors: Yamanoi Yusuke , Takagi Takehiko , Yokoi Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

We herein report on the application of a novel motorized prosthetic hand in a child with upper extremity phocomelia.
Mission impossible? The fugacity of the new and the persistence of the old as mechanisms of un-making futures
Authors: Friedrich Jonathan , Tups Gideon
Published: October 2023

Future-making allures with creating new spaces of possibilities, even amid apocalyptic times. However, in response to the call for more emphasis on what new possibilities emerge from geographies of the impossible, we question an overtly affirmative and hopeful focus on the making of new spaces and futures. We argue that the fugacity of emergent possibilities, coupled with the socio-material persistence and discursive hegemony of the old, constitute powerful mechanisms of future- unmaking that need to be critically examined.
Towards Making XR 100% Accessible: A Discussion Panel
Authors: Rupp Michael A. , Gluck Aaron , Derby Jessyca , Gable Thom , Kelling Nicholas , Van Ommen Carmen
Published: October 2023

Given the increased usage of extended reality (XR), it is important to consider what difficulties users may have using these systems. This discussion panel will provide an open dialog about what accessibility means for XR systems and for whom. Each panelist will provide a brief overview of the following topics within their bailiwick followed by Q & A. Aaron Gluck will discuss broadening access to XR by users with disabilities. Jessyca Derby will discuss heuristics for making AR/MR experiences more accessible and what resources are available to assist designers and practitioners, Thom Gable will discuss inclusive design in the XR space more broadly and discuss the approach within Microsoft, Nicholas Kelling will discuss the role behavioral and sensory accessibility plays in opening XR to a broader audience, and Carmen Van Ommen will discuss how best practices from other domains can be applied to XR
Outcomes and Complications of Surgery for Symptomatic Spinal Metastases; a Comparison Between Patients Aged ≥ 70 and <70
Authors: Tan Jiong Hao Jonathan , Hallinan James Thomas Patrick Decourcy , Ang Shi Wei , Tan Tuan Hao , Tan Hwee Inn Joelle , Tan Le Tian Isaac , Sin Qinxiang Shant , Lee Renick , Hey Hwee Weng Dennis , Chan Yiong Huak , Liu Ka Po Gabriel , Kumar Naresh
Published: October 2023

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective

Physicians may be deterred from operating on elderly patients due to fears of poorer outcomes and complications. We aimed to compare the outcomes of surgical treatment of spinal metastases patients aged ≥70-yrs and <70-yrs

Materials and Methods

This is a retrospective study of patients surgically treated for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression and spinal instability between January-2005 to December-2021. Follow-up was till death or minimum 1-year post-surgery. Outcomes included post-operative neurological status, ambulatory status, medical and surgical complications. Two Sample t-test/Mann Whitney U test were used for numerical variables and Pearson Chi-Squared or Fishers Exact test for categorical variables. Survival was presented with a Kaplan-Meier curve. P < .05 was significant.

Results

We identified 412 patients of which 29 (7.1%) patients were excluded due to loss to follow-up and previous surgical treatment. 79 (20.6%) were ≥70-yrs. Age ≥70-yrs patients had poorer ECOG scores ( P = .0017) and Charlson Comorbidity Index ( P < .001). No significant difference in modified Tokuhashi score ( P = .393) was observed with significantly more ≥ prostate ( P < .001) and liver ( P = .029) cancer in ≥70-yrs. Improved or maintained normal neurological function ( P = .934), independent ambulatory status ( P = .171), and survival at 6 months ( P = .119) and 12 months ( P = .659) was not significantly different between both groups. Medical ( P = .528) or surgical ( P = .466) complication rates and readmission rates ( P = .800) were similar.

Conclusion

≥70-yrs patients have comparable outcomes to <70-yr old patients with no significant increase in complication rates. Age should not be a determining factor in deciding surgical management of spinal metastases.
Adapting prevention programs for virtual delivery: A case study in adapting a parent-focused child sexual abuse prevention module
Authors: Guastaferro Kate , Melchior Mia , Murphy-Costanzo Alexis , S Sunshine , Neimeyer Alexis , Stewart Sydni , Noll Jennie
Published: October 2023

Background:

Evolving and emerging contexts require interventions to respond and adapt. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a quick adaptation from in-person to virtual delivery. Not only were there few programs able to transition to virtual delivery, there was a lack of parent-focused CSA-prevention programs. The current study describes the responsive adaptation of a parent-focused child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention module ( Smart Parents—Safe and Healthy Kids; SPSHK) for virtual delivery.

Design and methods:

This two-phase study used mixed-methods to inform and pilot test adaptations to the virtual module. In Phase 1, parenting providers with and without experience delivering SPSHK ( N = 110) completed anonymous surveys and a subsample ( n = 27) subsequently participated in brief interviews elaborate on challenges and needed adaptations for virtual platforms.

Results:

Providers indicated the greatest technological difficulties with parents’ access to technology noting the inability to use a screensharing function. Thus, providers recommended no adaptations for the virtual delivery of SPSHK. In Phase 2, the virtual SPSHK module was piloted with nine parents. Results demonstrated virtual SPSHK was acceptable and feasibly implemented. Pre-posttest assessments indicated increases in parents’ CSA-related awareness and use of protective behaviors.

Conclusion:

The current study suggests the promise of virtual SPSHK implementation and may act as a blueprint for other parent-focused CSA-prevention programs, but also more general parenting programs, considering virtual delivery.
Midterm Functional Outcomes of Arthroscopically Treated Recalcitrant Osteitis Pubis in Competitive Soccer Players
Authors: Ganal İlker , Çelen Zekeriya Ersin
Published: October 2023

Background:

Outcomes after arthroscopic debridement for isolated osteitis pubis in athletes are unknown, and midterm results following this method have not been established.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To evaluate the safety and efficiency of arthroscopic treatment for recalcitrant osteitis pubis in competitive soccer players. It was hypothesized that this treatment modality would yield clinical improvement in functional and patient satisfaction scores compared with preoperative values.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence 4.

Methods:

At a single center, 10 consecutive male soccer players (mean age, 23.6 ± 4.4 years; range, 19-32 years) with a mean follow-up period of 72.2 ± 13.4 months (range, 60-97 months) were evaluated. All patients presented with symptomatic osteitis pubis and failed to respond to nonoperative treatment. Arthroscopic pubic symphysiectomy was performed in the supine position, and penile manipulation was performed in all cases to mitigate risks associated with neurovascular structures and the root of the penis. Outcome measurements were time to return to sports, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Nirschl Phase Rating Scale (NPRS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and patient satisfaction. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were also assessed.

Results:

The mean time to return to sports was 4.6 ± 1.7 months (range, 3-8 months). The mean VAS pain score decreased from 9.3 ± 0.8 (range, 8-10) to 0.2 ± 0.4 (range, 0-1) ( P = .005). The mean NPRS decreased from 6.6 ± 0.5 (range, 6-7) to 0.3 ± 0.5 (range, 0-1) ( P = .004). The mean NAHS increased from 35.8 ± 16.7 (range, 14-72) to 98.2 ± 2.7 (range, 93-100) ( P = .005). The mean mHHS increased from 47.4 ± 10.6 (range, 27-60) to 98.2 ± 4.5 (range, 86-100) ( p = .005). The mean patient satisfaction was 9.7 ± 0.7 (range, 8-10). Scrotal swelling was observed in 4 patients, which was resolved 36 to 48 hours postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic treatment of osteitis pubis may be an option for recalcitrant cases when nonoperative treatment fails. However, further studies are needed to determine whether this technique and the outcomes of this study can be reproduced.
Face Recognition Under Adverse Viewing Conditions: Implications for Eyewitness Testimony
Authors: Or Charles C.-F. , Lim Denise Y. , Chen Siyuan , Lee Alan L.F.
Published: October 2023

Eyewitness testimony forms an important component in deciding whether a case can be prosecuted. Yet, many criminal perpetrators deliberately conceal their faces with disguises or under dim lighting, undermining eyewitness accuracy. This article reviews recent studies to characterize the factors that impair face recognition performance, specifically, various forms of face disguise (e.g., face masks, sunglasses) and different lighting conditions. Research shows that identification accuracy, alongside eyewitness confidence and decision bias, all affect the reliability of eyewitness accounts. A consistent finding across studies is that face-identification accuracy can be improved by matching the viewing conditions during the police lineup with those during the crime (e.g., showing masked faces during the lineup should the perpetrator be masked). Current face recognition research provides specific recommendations for optimizing the procedures in eyewitness testimony.
Perceptual Learning: Policy Insights From Basic Research to Real-World Applications
Authors: Seitz Aaron R. , Sekuler Allison , Dosher Barbara , Wright Beverly A. , Huang Chang-Bing , Shawn Green C. , Pack Christopher C. , Sagi Dov , Levi Dennis , Tadin Duje , Quinlan Elizabeth , Jiang Fang , Diaz Gabriel J. , Ghose Geoffrey , Fiser Jozsef , Banai Karen , Visscher Kristina , Huxlin Krystel , Shams Ladan , Battelli Lorella , Carrasco Marisa , Herzog Michael , Webster Michael , Eckstein Miguel , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. , Censor Nitzan , De Weerd Peter , Vogels Rufin , Hochstein Shaul , Watanabe Takeo , Sasaki Yuka , Polat Uri , Lu Zhong-Lin , Kourtzi Zoe
Published: October 2023

Perceptual learning is the process by which experience alters how incoming sensory information is processed by the brain to give rise to behavior—it is critical for how humans educate children, train experts, treat diseases, and promote health and well-being throughout the lifespan. Knowledge of perceptual learning requires basic and applied research in humans and nonhuman animal models, which informs strategic targets for advancing applications. Commercial products to induce perceptual learning are proliferating rapidly with limited regulation (e.g., for rehabilitation), while at the same time basic science is increasingly restricted by changing regulations (such as new granting-agency definitions of clinical trials). Realizing the full potential of perceptual learning requires balancing basic and translational science to advance new knowledge, while serving and protecting consumers. Reforms can promote open, accessible, and representative research, and the translation of this research to applications across different sectors of society.
Emotional Mechanisms of Behavior Change: Existing Techniques, Best Practices, and a New Approach
Authors: Shiota Michelle N. , Vornlocher Carley , Jia Lile
Published: October 2023

Traditional models of behavior change emphasize knowledge, beliefs, and injunctive norms as targets of intervention. Emotion—a potent force guiding human behavior—is strikingly absent from most models and most behavioral interventions. This article reviews evidence that emotion is not only consequential for common targets of behavioral intervention, but can be activated strategically to facilitate behavior change. This article presents a new framework for classifying behavior change targets, along with specific emotion-leveraging intervention techniques matched to each category of behavior. Policy recommendations emphasize combining emotional tools with other evidence-based behavior-change techniques. Although more research is needed, emotion shows promise for helping to support people's behavioral goals.
Contributions of Biobehavioral Sciences to the Study and Prevention of Firearm Violence: Perceived Threat, Cognitive Control, and Firearm Culture
Authors: Verona Edelyn , Bozzay Melanie , Bryan Craig J.
Published: October 2023

The study and prevention of firearm violence are clearly in the realm of psychology, yet the potential contributions of the biobehavioral sciences to the study of firearm violence are underexplored. Most biobehavioral research has identified individual-level vulnerabilities for violence more broadly, with less focus on how biological risk manifests in the context of firearm culture in particular. Reviewing the literature leads to two main insights: first, the nature of firearm acquisition in the United States (easy access, self-protection motives, and exaggerated perceptions of threat) can itself trigger biobehavioral processes (e.g., threat disruptions in cognitive control) representing a risk for firearm violence. Second, cutting-edge research using digital and biological phenotyping represents a potentially useful approach for tracking and forecasting the momentary risk of firearm violence among high-risk firearm carriers. Policy recommendations informed by the reviewed research can help improve prevention and intervention efforts.
Leveraging Vagally Mediated Heart Rate Variability as an Actionable, Noninvasive Biomarker for Self-Regulation: Assessment, Intervention, and Evaluation
Authors: Laborde Sylvain , Ackermann Stefan , Borges Uirassu , D'Agostini Martina , Giraudier Manon , Iskra Maša , Mosley Emma , Ottaviani Cristina , Salvotti Caterina , Schmaußer Maximilian , Szeska Christoph , Van Diest Ilse , Ventura-Bort Carlos , Voigt Laura , Wendt Julia , Weymar Mathias
Published: October 2023

This contribution highlights the significance of using vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a general indicator of adaptation, as an actionable biomarker to assess and enhance self-regulation abilities in individuals and organizations. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art on vmHRV and introduces various techniques to enhance vmHRV, including slow-paced breathing, the diving reflex, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The recommendations for policymaking are based on recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to the implementation of these techniques in diverse settings, such as clinical, organizational, and educational contexts. The discussion emphasizes the efficacy, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of vmHRV assessments and offers practical tools for individuals and organizations through a three-part framework—assessment, intervention, and evaluation—ultimately fostering self-regulation abilities at both individual and societal levels.
Sleep, Poverty, and Biological Stress: Mitigating Sleep Health Disparities in Early Childhood
Authors: Tarullo Amanda R. , Ewell Arcadia R. , Garrison Michelle M.
Published: October 2023

In the first years of life, poverty increases the risk of sleep problems such as late bedtimes and frequent night awakenings. In turn, children with sleep problems are more likely to go on to have poor physical and mental health outcomes as adults. The development of sleep and biological stress systems is connected, so that sleep problems can lead to abnormal function of the stress hormone cortisol and contribute to enduring socioeconomic health disparities. Sleep also is critical to brain and cognitive development. Sleep practices such as inconsistent bedtime and absence of a bedtime routine are more common in families experiencing poverty and stress. To address early childhood sleep problems, there is an urgent need for policies that help low-income families to access behavioral sleep interventions; provide families with affordable healthcare, housing, and nutrition; and adjust childcare and school practices to support healthy sleep.
Sound-vibration: Relations between bodies, low frequencies, and multisensory experiments
Authors: Burd Joana B.
Published: October 2023

Multimodality research has enabled academics to propose and support new ideas in multiple modes for interpretation, communication, and as an important part of art education. In this piece, multimodal listening is situated as a transcendence of ear-centric approaches and the use of vibration as a poetic practice in contemporary art. As a result, sonic arts and sound experience principles are used to talk about everyday sounds in new and immersive ways, encouraging the audience to disrupt established sensorial boundaries. Subsequently, sound-vibration can be interrelated as a mode of multimodality and as a resource for meaning-making in possible contemporary practices. If perception is considered multifaceted, one could notice the world as an integration of conscious or unaware inputs. In the experience of sound installations, one may explore oscillations as a valuable channel for understanding multimodal approaches since, unlike visual or tactile interactions, the relationship between sound and the body hinges on fully embodied situations. The underlying thought in this piece will emerge from two recent art pieces, that produce atmospheres and blur the concrete division of senses, transversely representing the potential of the low frequencies.
MRI Modeling for 3D Printed Fabrication of Nasoalveolar Molding Appliance in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Wehr Chelsea L. , Lignieres Austin , Obinero Chioma G. , Cepeda Alfredo , Cardenas Antonio , Kurtis Kasper F. , Acharya Bhavini , Bonfante-Mejia Eliana , Riascos-Castaneda Roy , Patel Rajan , Chiquet Brett T. , Greives Matthew R.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Present a novel technique for fabrication of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) appliances for neonates with cleft lip and palate (CLP) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study design:

Proof-of-concept study.

Setting/Participants:

One patient with unilateral CLP was recruited for participation in this study at our institution.

Interventions:

This study employed 2 different methods for creating a NAM appliance, which is used in patients with CLP to improve anatomic positioning of the orofacial cleft in preparation for primary cheiloplasty. The patient underwent intraoral impression for traditional fabrication of a NAM appliance (PMMA-NAM) and also MRI of the face for digital fabrication of a NAM appliance (CAD-NAM). The 2 appliances were then compared using landmarks for measurements.

Primary Outcome:

Landmark measurements on NAM appliances; Clinical interchangeability of NAM appliances.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference in the external arch width between the CAD-NAM and the PMMA-NAM. All other NAM measurements were statistically similar. Additionally, there was clinical success in the interchangeable fit of both appliances on both models.

Conclusions:

This technique could potentially eliminate the need for creation of an intraoral impression, as well as the adverse events associated with this, in the fabrication of NAM appliances. Larger studies are necessary to further define the efficacy of this novel approach and generalizability to other patients with CLP.
Who cares about coral? The biological species concept and ‘cumulative intrinsic value’ in cross-cultural perspective
Authors: Foale Simon
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the intrinsic and instrumental value of corals, and coral reefs, from the epistemological perspectives of Western conservation biologists and Pacific coastal fishers. It uses data on local language names (‘folk taxonomies’) from several language groups to understand the salience, or perceived value, of corals and coral reef fishes for the speakers of those languages. In all of the folk taxonomies examined, there are very few local language names for corals or reef-associated fishes in the most species-rich families (gobies, blennies, damselfishes, and butterflyfishes). This is interesting particularly because one of the primary rationales for Western conservation interest in Indo-Pacific coral reefs is the ‘cumulative intrinsic value’ of the large number of biological species associated with these ecosystems, irrespective of their other values, including fishery production. The ‘weight’ of this cumulative intrinsic value underpins a moral mandate for transnational conservation intervention, typically in the form of marine protected areas, most of which impose a short- to medium-term economic cost on people who are already very poor. The related and widely used Western cultural construct of ‘iconic’ is also investigated. The paper examines various implications of the large differences between Western scientific and Pacific Islander attributions of value to corals and coral reef ecosystems, including in the context of their importance for fishery production and food (or nutrition) security. I also discuss the apparent lack of (a) reflexivity about the social construction of science and (b) curiosity about the environmental knowledge and values of Indo-Pacific coastal fishers, among many in the Western transnational conservation community.
Reciprocal stabilization of coagulation factor XIII-A and -B subunits is a determinant of plasma FXIII concentration
Authors: Byrnes James R. , Lee Taek , Sharaby Sherif , Campbell Robert A. , Dobson Dre’Von A. , Holle Lori A. , Luo Michelle , Kangro Kadri , Homeister Jonathon W. , Aleman Maria M. , Luyendyk James P. , Kerlin Bryce A. , Dumond Julie B. , Wolberg Alisa S.
Published: October 2023

Transglutaminase factor XIII (FXIII) is essential for hemostasis, wound healing, and pregnancy maintenance. Plasma FXIII is composed of A and B subunit dimers synthesized in cells of hematopoietic origin and hepatocytes, respectively. The subunits associate tightly in circulation as FXIII-A2B2. FXIII-B2 stabilizes the (pro)active site-containing FXIII-A subunits. Interestingly, people with genetic FXIII-A deficiency have decreased FXIII-B2, and therapeutic infusion of recombinant FXIII-A2 (rFXIII-A2) increases FXIII-B2, suggesting FXIII-A regulates FXIII-B secretion, production, and/or clearance. We analyzed humans and mice with genetic FXIII-A deficiency and developed a mouse model of rFXIII-A2 infusion to define mechanisms mediating plasma FXIII-B levels. Like humans with FXIII-A deficiency, mice with genetic FXIII-A deficiency had reduced circulating FXIII-B2, and infusion of FXIII-A2 increased FXIII-B2. FXIII-A-deficient mice had normal hepatic function and did not store FXIII-B in liver, indicating FXIII-A does not mediate FXIII-B secretion. Transcriptional analysis and polysome profiling indicated similar F13b levels and ribosome occupancy in FXIII-A-sufficient and -deficient mice and in FXIII-A-deficient mice infused with rFXIII-A2, indicating FXIII-A does not induce de novo FXIII-B synthesis. Unexpectedly, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of FXIII-B antigen after rFXIII-A2 infusion in humans and mice suggested FXIII-A2 slows FXIII-B2 loss from plasma. Accordingly, comparison of free FXIII-B2 vs FXIII-A2-complexed FXIII-B2 (FXIII-A2B2) infused into mice revealed faster clearance of free FXIII-B2. These data show FXIII-A2 prevents FXIII-B2 loss from circulation and establish the mechanism underlying FXIII-B2 behavior in FXIII-A deficiency and during rFXIII-A2 therapy. Our findings reveal a unique, reciprocal relationship between independently synthesized subunits that mediate an essential hemostatic protein in circulation. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.com as #NCT00978380.
Impaired autophagy in the lower airways and lung parenchyma in stable COPD
Authors: Levra Stefano , Rosani Umberto , Gnemmi Isabella , Brun Paola , Leonardi Andrea , Carriero Vitina , Bertolini Francesca , Balbi Bruno , Profita Mirella , Ricciardolo Fabio Luigi Massimo , Di Stefano Antonino
Published: October 2023

Background

There is increasing evidence of autophagy activation in COPD, but its role is complex and probably regulated through cell type-specific mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the autophagic process at multiple levels within the respiratory system, using different methods to clarify conflicting results reported so far.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed on bronchial biopsies and peripheral lung samples obtained from COPD patients (30 and 12 per sample type, respectively) and healthy controls (25 and 22 per sample type, respectively), divided by smoking history. Subjects were matched for age and smoking history. We analysed some of the most important proteins involved in autophagosome formation, such as LC3 and p62, as well as some molecules essential for lysosome function, such as lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the autophagic process in both sample types. ELISA and transcriptomic analysis were performed on lung samples.

Results

We found increased autophagic stimulus in smoking subjects, regardless of respiratory function. This was revealed by immunohistochemistry through a significant increase in LC3 (p<0.01) and LAMP1 (p<0.01) in small airway bronchiolar epithelium, alveolar septa and alveolar macrophages. Similar results were obtained in bronchial biopsy epithelium by evaluating LC3B (p<0.05), also increased in homogenate lung tissue using ELISA (p<0.05). Patients with COPD, unlike the others, showed an increase in p62 by ELISA (p<0.05). No differences were found in transcriptomics analysis.

Conclusions

Different techniques, applied at post-transcriptional level, confirm that cigarette smoke stimulates autophagy at multiple levels inside the respiratory system, and that autophagy failure may characterise COPD.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for obstructive sleep apnoea: comparing adherence to active and sham therapy
Authors: Abreu Alexandre R. , Stefanovski Darko , Patil Susheel P. , Siddharthan Trishul , Chediak Alejandro , Wallace Douglas M. , Punjabi Naresh M.
Published: October 2023

Background

Mild obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with daytime sleepiness and impaired quality of life. Given that adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in OSA is suboptimal, alternative strategies are needed particularly for patients with mild OSA. Daytime neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the tongue is a new therapeutic modality for mild OSA. The objective of this study was to determine if patients with mild OSA adhere to daytime NMES.

Methods

A randomised, sham-controlled, double-masked controlled trial was conducted in 40 patients with mild OSA who received either high-intensity (active) or low-intensity (sham) NMES for 6 weeks. The primary end-point was adherence to therapy. Exploratory outcomes included the respiratory event index (REI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score.

Results

More than 90% of participants in each arm were adherent to NMES. Exploratory analyses revealed a 32.7% (95% CI 15.5–49.9%) drop in the REI with active NMES, with no significant change in the REI with sham NMES. Improvements were larger in the supine than non-supine REI. Both the apnoea index and hypopnoea index improved with active NMES. Finally, the ESS score improved with active but not with sham NMES.

Conclusions

Daytime NMES was well accepted, with a majority using it for the recommended period. NMES of the tongue use was associated with improvements in OSA severity and daytime sleepiness. Additional research is needed to define its role in the treatment armamentarium across the spectrum of OSA severity and in patients who are intolerant to PAP therapy.
Rationale and design of the prognostic transcriptomic signature in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (PREDICT) study
Authors: Fernández Pérez Evans R. , Leach Sonia M. , Vestal Brian ,   The PREDICT Study Investigators and Collaborators:, Fernández Pérez Evans R. , Leach Sonia M. , Vestal Brian , Maier Lisa , Fier Kaitlin , Del Real Elizabeth , Arthofer Adrea , Lynch David , Groshong Steve , Moua Teng , Daley Shannon , Sood Namita , Foster Elena , Sergill Anastasia , Adams Traci , Gordon Rhoda , Morfin Brian , Chaudhary Sachin , Erickson Heidi , Scholand Mary Beth , Kirkpatrick Chloe , Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Spring Maleckar , Mak Karina
Published: October 2023

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immunologically mediated form of lung disease, resulting from inhalational exposure to a large variety of antigens. A subgroup of patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP) develop symptomatic, functional and radiographic disease progression. Mortality occurs primarily from respiratory failure as a result of progressive and self-sustaining lung injury that often occurs despite immunosuppression and removal of the inciting antigen. The development and validation of a prognostic transcriptomic signature for FHP (PREDICT-HP) is an observational multicentre cohort study designed to explore a transcriptomic signature from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with FHP that is predictive of disease progression. This article describes the design and rationale of the PREDICT-HP study. This study will enrol ∼135 patients with FHP at approximately seven academic medical sites. Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of FHP are followed over 24 months and undergo physical examinations, self-administered questionnaires, chest computed tomography, pulmonary function tests, a 6-min walk test and blood testing for transcriptomic analyses. At each 6-month follow-up visit the study will assess the participants' clinical course and clinical events including hospitalisations and respiratory exacerbations. The PREDICT study has the potential to enhance our ability to predict disease progression and fundamentally advance our understanding of the pathobiology of FHP disease progression.
Identification of genetic variants associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture and AKC standard coat color in the Labrador Retriever
Authors: Lee BT , Baker LA , Momen M , Terhaar H , Binversie EE , Sample SJ , Muir Peter
Published: October 2023

Canine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common complex disease. Prevalence of ACL rupture is breed dependent. In an epidemiological study, yellow coat color was associated with increased risk of ACL rupture in the Labrador Retriever. ACL rupture risk variants may be linked to coat color through genetic selection or through linkage with coat color genes. To investigate these associations, Labrador Retrievers were phenotyped as ACL rupture case or controls and for coat color and were single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyped. After filtering, ~ 697 K SNPs were analyzed using GEMMA and mvBIMBAM for multivariate association. Functional annotation clustering analysis with DAVID was performed on candidate genes. A large 8 Mb region on chromosome 5 that included ACSF3, as well as 32 additional SNPs, met genome-wide significance at P < 6.07E-7 or Log10(BF) = 3.0 for GEMMA and mvBIMBAM, respectively. On chromosome 23, SNPs were located within or near PCCB and MSL2. On chromosome 30, a SNP was located within IGDCC3. SNPs associated with coat color were also located within ADAM9, FAM109B, SULT1C4, RTDR1, BCR, and RGS7. DZIP1L was associated with ACL rupture. Several significant SNPs on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 24, and 26 were located within uncharacterized regions or long non-coding RNA sequences. This study validates associations with the previous ACL rupture candidate genes ACSF3 and DZIP1L and identifies novel candidate genes. These variants could act as targets for treatment or as factors in disease prediction modeling. The study highlighted the importance of regulatory SNPs in the disease, as several significant SNPs were located within non-coding regions.
Species of associated bryophytes and their effects on the yield and quality of Dendrobium nobile
Authors: Li Mingsong , Li Jinling , Deng Lujun , Zhao Zhi , Luo Chunli , Luo Fulai , Wang Hualei , Yang Jiyong
Published: October 2023

Background

Dendrobium nobile has unique growth environment requirements, and unstable yields and high management costs are the key factors restricting the development of its imitation wild cultivation industry. The present study explored the effects of different associated bryophyte species on the yield and quality of D. nobile to clarify the dominant bryophyte species associated with D. nobile and to provide a scientific basis for the rational cultivation and quality evaluation of D. nobile.

Results

The growth of D. nobile was closely related to the microenvironment of the Danxia stone, and the different associated bryophytes had different effects on D. nobile growth. There was a rich variety of bryophytes associated with D. nobile, with a total of 15 families, 24 genera and 31 species of bryophytes identified in the study area, including 13 families, 22 genera and 29 species of mosses and 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species of liverworts, and mosses predominated in the association with D. nobile. Usually, 3–9 species of bryophytes were growing in association with D. nobile, among which associations of 5–6 bryophytes species were more common, and the bryophytes associated with D. nobile were only related to the species to which they belonged. The dry matter accumulation, quality and mineral content of D. nobile differed significantly among different bryophyte species. The coefficients of variation of dry matter accumulation, dendrobine content and content of 11 mineral elements of D. nobile in the 35 sample quadrats were 25.00%, 21.08%, and 11.33–57.96%, respectively. The biomass, dendrobine content and mineral content of D. nobile were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function. The results showed that each evaluation method initially screened Trachycystis microphylla and Leucobryum juniperoideum as the dominant associated bryophytes in the preliminary identification analysis, and the frequency of occurrence and coverage of the two bryophytes were significantly higher than those of the remaining bryophytes. It was determined that T. microphylla and L. juniperoideum were the dominant associated bryophytes.

Conclusions

There is a rich variety of bryophytes associated with D. nobile. The yield and quality of D. nobile differed significantly among different bryophyte species. T. microphylla and L. juniperoideum were the dominant associated bryophytes, and were the two bryophytes associated with D. nobile through mixed growth.