bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reseña. Hernán Vanoli. El amor por la literatura en tiempos de algoritmos. 11 hipótesis para discutir con escritores, editores, lectores, gestores y demás militantes. Siglo XXI Editores. Crisis, 2019 y Oriana Seccia. ¿Clase media? Ensayos de literatura y sociedad. Desde Gino Germani a la Nueva Narrativa Argentina. Ubu ediciones, 2019
Authors: Riveiro María Belén
Published: August 2020

Reseña. Hernán Vanoli. El amor por la literatura en tiempos de algoritmos. 11 hipótesis para discutir con escritores, editores, lectores, gestores y demás militantes. Siglo XXI Editores. Crisis, 2019 y Oriana Seccia. ¿Clase media? Ensayos de literatura y sociedad. Desde Gino Germani a la Nueva Narrativa Argentina. Ubu ediciones, 2019
A fronteira agrícola em Goiás: aspectos socioambientais
Authors: Dias Denise Oliveira , De Oliveira Hamilton Afonso
Published: August 2020

Trata-se de um artigo elaborado a partir do método histórico, cujo objetivo principal é descrever as mudanças provocadas pelo processo de implementação da produção capitalista no campo em Goiás. A princípio é apresentado o conceito de propriedade como processo histórico, em seguida se dispõe acerca da expansão da produção capitalista no campo, abordando a fronteira agrícola e o modo como ocorreu e ocorre a valoração da terra em decorrência desse fator de alteração dos meios de produção. Nos resultados do trabalho são apresentadas algumas consequências desse processo de expansão da produção capitalista, tanto sociais quanto ambientais
Desigualdade e seletividade social das medidas de contenção da Covid-19 na periferia de Curitiba
Authors: De Souza Marcelo Nogueira
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa alguns aspectos da desigualdade na cidade de Curitiba e seus desdobramentos diante da pandemia de Covid-19. A análise comparativa se baseia no Índice de Bem-estar Urbano (Ibeu), desenvolvido pelo Observatório das Metrópoles; no Índice de Vulnerabilidade das Áreas de Abrangência das Unidades Municipais de Saúde (Ivab), desenvolvido pelo Ipardes; além de dados do Ipea (2020), que constataram que a região central de Curitiba segue o mesmo padrão observado em outras cidades, ou seja, concentra um maior número de hospitais com condições para  atender a pacientes em estado grave com suspeita de Covid-19, revelando, assim, a seletividade social das medidas de higiene e isolamento recomendadas pelas autoridades.
The association between renal stones and fasting: A systematic review
Authors: Kirubarajan Abirami , Lam Andrew C.L. , Khan Shawn , Yau Matthew , Golda Nicole , Buckley Roger
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Fasting is a common cultural practice worldwide for both religious and dietary reasons. However, there is concern that fasting may be a risk factor for the development of renal stones. To date, there has not been a systematic assessment of the literature regarding the association between renal stones and fasting.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of three databases: Medline-OVID, EMBASE, and CINAHL. All screening and extraction was completed in parallel with two independent reviewers.

Results: Of the 1501 database citations, a total of 10 observational studies with a total of 9906 participants were included. Nine of the studies were conducted in the context of Islamic fasting during Ramadan, with the majority (7/9) finding that renal colic incidence was unaffected by the month of fasting. In contrast, two studies noted an increased incidence among fasting populations. Two other studies noted that urine metabolites and density were altered with fasting but did not translate into clinical outcomes.

Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, it is unlikely that fasting significantly increases the risk of renal stones. Physicians should counsel higher-risk patients on safe fasting practices.
Geosystems of gas-saturated permafrost
Authors: Khimenkov Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Koshurnikov Andrei Viktorovich , Stanilovskaya Julia Viktorovna
Published: August 2020

The object of this study is the geosystems of gas-saturated permafrost. Currently, the theoretical basis for examination of gas component in permafrost is practically not developed. At the same time, the theoretical and practical significance of this problem has rapidly increased in recent years. This is due to gas emissions during drilling of wells in frozen rocks, the identification of significant greenhouse gas emissions in the Arctic, the detection of previously unknown processes in the permafrost zone – the formation of craters due to gas emissions.The main method applied in the article is the analysis of research materials. The synthesis of the results was carried out on the basis of the geosystem approach. The authors are first to demonstrate that gas-saturated zones in seasonally and permafrost rocks have all the attributes of geosystems: localization in space, boundaries, morphology, individual structure and properties, development history, life cycle, hierarchy. Five types of geosystem were determined: active layer; genetic type; confined to geological structures; secondary, associated with the decomposition of gas hydrates in vivo; technogenic (due to thermal or mechanical effects on hydrated and gas saturated frozen rocks). The artcile describes promising directions in studying gas-saturated geosystems of permafrost zone, as well as  the advanced research methods.
Tracking of areas of thermokarst occurrences from satellite images (on the example of the main water pipeline route in Central Yakutia)
Authors: Sal'va Andrei Mikhailovich
Published: August 2020

  In the areas of distribution of permafrost rocks and development of the ice complex, lake thermokarst is the main relief-forming process, which forms a characteristic alas relief. In addition to the formation of lakes, as a result of thermokarst subsidence, accompanied by water runoff, forms the thermo-sculptured relief including Baydzharakh and hummock-hollow forms. This leads to formation of thermokarst occurrences. The object of this research is thermokarst occurrences, namely, polygonal microrelief and frost splitting, explored in the section of the main water pipeline “Lena – Tuora-Kyuel – Tatta”, near the settlement of Maya Megino-Kangalassky Ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). These thermokarst occurrences were identified from the satellite images that are publicly available on the Internet. The author also applied processing technique of engineering and geological data, literary and library materials were also used in the work. Field research and simple photography were also used for determining the shape and size polygons. The main conclusion consists in suggesting simple method that allows to conduct area zoning of the territory for activation of the polygonal microrelief as thermokarst occurrences. The research results of area zoning related to distribution of cryogenic processes can be used in technical-economic substantiation of the choice of routes of linear and other constructs.  
The photo-inhibition of camphor leaves (Cinnamomum camphora L.) by NaCl stress based on physiological, chloroplast structure and comparative proteomic analysis
Authors: Yue Jiammin , Shi Dawei , Zhang Liang , Zhang Zihan , Fu Zhiyuan , Ren Qiong , Zhang Jinchi
Published: August 2020

Background

The distribution and use of camphor (Cinnamomum camphora L.) trees are constrained by increasing soil salinity in south-eastern China along the Yangtze River. However, the response mechanism of this species to salinity, especially in team of photosynthesis, are unknown.

Methods

Here, we analysed themorphological, physiological, ultrastructural, and proteomic traits of camphor seedlings under NaCl (103.45 mM) treatment in pot experiments for 80 days.

Results

The growth was limited because of photosynthetic inhibition, with the most significant disturbance occurring within 50 days. Salinity caused severe reductions in the leaf photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs), maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and photo-pigment contents (chlorophyll a (Cha), chlorophyll b (Chb), total chlorophyll (Chl)); weakened the antioxidant effects, including those of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD); and injured chloroplasts. The physiologicalresults indicated that the main reason for photo-inhibition was oxidative factors induced by NaCl. The proteomic results based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) further confirmedthat photosynthesis was the most significant disrupted process by salinity (P < 0.01) and there were 30 downregulated differentially expression proteins (DEPs) and one upregulated DEP related to restraint of the photosynthetic system, which affected photosystem I, photosystem II, the Cytochrome b6/f complex, ATP synthase and the light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex. In addition, 57 DEPs were related to photo-inhibition by redox effect and 6 downregulated DEPs, including O2 evolving complex 33kD family protein (gi—224094610) and five other predicted proteins (gi—743921083, gi—743840443, gi—743885735, gi—743810316 and gi—743881832) were directly affected. This study provides new proteomic information and explains the possible mechanisms of photo-inhibition caused by salinity on C. camphor.
Parental History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Lurking Genetic Threat
Authors: Zano Sheh , Rubab Zil-a- , Baig Saeeda , Tahir Burhanuddin
Published: August 2020

Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is presently the fastest growing disease and has been recognized to be caused by a collision between inherited parental genes and the environment. The current prevalence in Pakistan of type-2 diabetes mellitus is 26.3%. Out of them 19.2% had disease two to three decades back while 7.1% are recently diagnosed cases. Worldwide burden of disease was 415 million in 2015 and this number will increase to 642 million by 2040. Parental history of diabetes mellitus is a chief reason for the development of T2DM in children, but whether this association derives from shared genetic or environmental factors is unclear. Persistent high blood glucose levels can result in drastic outcomes like Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar non ketotic syndrome. Genome-wide association analyses have uncovered multiple genomic regions associated with T2DM, but identification of the causal variants remains a challenge. This review will discuss the approach of diagnosing T2DM by analyzing the association of gene variants and family history.
Neuropsychological Changes in Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Their Correlation to the Imaging Studies
Authors: Yassien Marwa , Fayed Hazem , Shanshory Mohamed El- , Nassar Hassan , Osman Mohamed
Published: August 2020

Background: Early detection of neuropsychological changes in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is essential to improve their quality of life.

Aim of the Work: To assess neurological and psychological disorders in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) using multimodal approach through clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies in a trial to detect etiological risk factors.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Pediatric (Hematology Unit) and Department of Neurology, Tanta University Hospital Egypt, between April 2016 and April 2018.

Methodology: This study was conducted on 50 children (27 male and 23 female; age range 2-18 years) with SCD and 25 healthy children matched age and sex. All subjects were subjected to full history taking, neurologic examination using pediatric neurological sheet, laboratory investigations, neuroimaging including: CT and /or MRI, MRA and/or CT angiography, also MR, EEG and  Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales-Fifth Edition.

Results: Most of patients presented with headache 66%, cognitive decline 48%, seizures 28%, and visual affection 24%. Less common presentations were, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke 6% and 4% respectively. SCD children showed many abnormalities on neurological examination and on different modalities of MR imaging on the brain with positive correlation (X2=7.641, p-value <0.001*, r=0.248) with many risk factors. Prophylactic blood transfusion in SCD patients with abnormal TCD had a role in reducing the incidence of stroke.

Conclusion: Children with SCD were presented with variable neuropsychological disturbance that correlated with the brain imaging.
Knowledge, Practices and Attitude of Healthcare Providers about Using Face Mask to Limit the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alanazi Omar S. , Alzahrani Abeer A. , Alonazi Rana E.
Published: August 2020

Aim: There is evidence that health care providers have insufficient knowledge and poor practices regarding the use of surgical mask. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the knowledge, practices and attitude of healthcare providers about using face mask in order to limit the spreading of the novel coronavirus disease.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional pilot study included a questionnaire about the knowledge of health care workers regarding the use of surgical face mask to prevent the new COVID-19 spreading and about their practices and the attitude of them regarding the use of surgical face mask to limit the new COVID-19 exposure.

Results: About 86.21% of health care workers said that the correct way of using surgical face mask is White side facing in and about 65.52% of them said that N-95 mask is the mask type that actually protect against COVID-19. All of the respondents reported that they wear a mask in public places to protect themselves against COVID-19 and that they wear a mask in hospital premises to protect themselves against COVID-19 (100.00%).

Conclusion: The Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care providers regarding the use of surgical face masks were found to be good but still more knowledge is required about several aspects such as the types of masks, the duration of using masks and the disposal of the masks.
Significantly Enhanced Mechanical Strength by the Hollow Structure of Conductive Stretchable Silver Nanoflower‐Polyurethane Fibers
Authors: Bae Seonghyun , Ajmal C. Muhammed , Lee Yoojin , Baik Seunghyun
Published: August 2020

The conductive stretchable nanocomposite fibers, synthesized by the wet spinning technology, are typically composed of conductive nanofillers and polymer matrix to achieve both high electrical conductivity and stretchability. However, the inclusion of nanofillers blocks the solvent extraction passages, resulting in large voids (>3 μm2) and decreasing mechanical strength. Herein, hollow fibers synthesized using a coaxial spinneret with double concentric needles are presented. The dope mixture of silver nanoflower‐shaped particles (AgNFPs, 36 vol%), polyurethane (PU), and dimethylformamide is extruded through the outer nozzle, whereas the coagulant is supplied to the inner nozzle. This significantly shortens the maximum solvent diffusion length from 127.5 μm of solid fibers to 18.5 μm of hollow fibers. Resultantly, the large void becomes negligible in the hollow AgNFP‐PU fiber, and the mechanical strength increases by 100% (29 MPa) compared with that of the solid AgNFP‐PU fiber (14.5 MPa). The initial electrical conductivity (≈10 990 S cm−1) and rupture strain (≈120%) of both hollow and solid fibers are similar. Furthermore, the change in resistance decreases by 50% at 50% strain when the inner space is filled with liquid metal. This demonstrates that versatile functionality can be implemented by filling the gap with functional materials.
How does the shape and surface energy of pores affect the adsorption of nanoconfined fluids?
Authors: Cárdenas Harry , Müller Erich A.
Published: August 2020

We report a systematic molecular simulation study of the behavior of Lennard–Jones fluids inside nanopores of diverse shapes, focusing on the effect that the pore geometry and the local energetic environment have on the adsorption isotherms. Infinitely long pores with polygon (triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, decagon, and circle) cross sections are considered. Three different pore sizes commensurate with the molecular diameters along with three different values of fluid–solid energy interactions are chosen to perform Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations at a subcritical temperature. Overall, the effect of nanoconfinement on the adsorption of fluids is seen to be a delicate balance between the geometric packing restrictions imposed by the hard cores of the molecules and the surfaces, the excess adsorption induced by the presence (or absence) of energetically favored “hot spots” and the overall ratio of surface/bulk fluid volume present in the pore.
Moving boundary approach to forecast tight oil production
Authors: Velasco Raul , Panja Palash , Deo Milind
Published: August 2020

A novel semianalytical production predictive tool for tight reservoirs based on the application of material balance on a transient linear flow system is developed in this paper. This method considers two important regions during transient production of oil reservoirs: the saturated region where gas evolves and flows with oil, and the undersaturated region where only oil flows. A zonal moving boundary approach is used to evolve the two regions as the reservoir pressure gradually decreases. A semianalytical method is used to calculate pressures in the various regions and volumetric expansions. For both black oil and volatile oil scenarios, calculations from this analytical framework are able to match reservoir pressures, oil and gas rates, and cumulative gas–oil ratios determined using a reservoir simulator. The model was also applied to wells in tight reservoirs around the United States such as the Bakken (ND) and the Eagle Ford (TX) with reasonable success.
Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence beyond 800 nm with High Efficiency and Radiance from Anthracene Cored Emitters
Authors: Yu You‐Jun , Hu Yun , Yang Sheng‐Yi , Luo Wei , Yuan Yi , Peng Chen‐Chen , Liu Jin‐Feng , Khan Aziz , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: August 2020

Derivatives based on anthryleno[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile (DCPA) are used as luminescent materials, to realize near‐infrared (NIR) electroluminescence. By functionalizing DCPA with aromatic amine donors, two emitters named DCPA‐TPA and DCPA‐BBPA are designed and synthesized. Both molecules have large dipole moments owing to the strong intramolecular charge transfer interactions between the amine donors and the DCPA acceptor. Thus, compared with doped films, the emission of neat films of DCPA‐TPA and DCPA‐BBPA can fully fall into the NIR region (>700 nm) with increasing surrounding polarity by increasing doping ratio. Moreover, the non‐doped devices based on DCPA‐TPA and DCPA‐BBPA provide NIR emission with peaks at 838 and 916 nm, respectively. A maximum radiance of 20707 mW Sr−1 m−2 was realized for the further optimized device based on DCPA‐TPA. This work provides a simple and efficient strategy of molecular design for developing NIR emitting materials.
New palladium (II) complexes with 1‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazole‐5‐thiol and diphosphine Synthesis, characterization, biological, theoretical calculations and molecular docking studies
Authors: Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Al‐Samrai Osama'a A. Y. , Yousef Tarek A.
Published: August 2020

This paper reports the syntheses and spectral investigations of the new complexes [Pd(k1‐S‐ptt)2(k2‐dppmS2)] (1), [Pd(k1‐S‐ptt)2(k2‐dppp)] (2a), [Pd(k1‐N‐ptt)2(k2‐dppp)] (2b), [Pd(k1‐S‐ptt)2(k2‐dpppS2)] (3), [Pd(k1‐S‐ptt)2(k2‐dppb)] (4), [Pd(k1‐S‐ptt)2(k2‐dppf)] (5a) and [Pd(k1‐N‐ptt)2(k2‐dppf)] (5b), derived from 1‐phenyl‐5‐thiol‐1H‐tetrazole (Hptt) and diphosphine (dppmS2, dppp, dpppS2, dppb and dppf) as co‐ligand. The Hptt ligand acts as monodentate through the thiolato sulfur atom in complexes 1, 3 and 4. While in complexes 2 and 5, the Hptt ligand also acts as monodentate through the nitrogen of heterocyclic ring, or sulfur of thiol group after deprotonation, as two linkage isomers. Theoretical calculations on the all complexes were performed, isomers based on 2a, 2b and 5a, 5b reveal that each pair of isomers is isoenergetic. For the 2a and 2b complexes the energy difference was 19.92 kcal mol−1, while for the 5a and 5b complexes the difference was 11.78 kcal mol−1. These differences are relatively small and suggest that the linkage isomers may be in equilibrium in solution. The reasons for the adoption of these different coordination modes are not clear but steric factors are likely to be a major contributory factor. Further, in vitro anti‐bacterial activity and molecular docking analysis has been carried out to study the activity of the compound.
Ordering properties of generalized aggregation with applications
Authors: Ding Weiyong , Wang Chuchu , Zhang Yiying
Published: August 2020

The generalized aggregation arises in many research fields including applied probability, actuarial science, and reliability theory, where is a bivariate kernel function and a is a parameter vector. One of its remarkable features is that both X and W are dependent in many practical situations. Therefore, studying the stochastic properties of generalized aggregations under various dependence structures is an interesting and meaningful problem. In this paper, by using left tail weakly stochastic arrangement increasing, right tail weakly stochastic arrangement increasing, and comonotonicity to characterize the dependent structures among X or W, we establish the increasing convex ordering and the expectation ordering of generalized aggregations to investigate the effects of the arrangement and heterogeneity among ai's. Numerical examples and three practical applications are presented to illustrate our results as well.
VAV1‐overexpressing YT cells display improved cytotoxicity against malignant cells
Authors: Smagina Anna S. , Kulemzin Sergey V. , Yusubalieva Gaukhar M. , Kedrova Anna G. , Sanzharov Andrey E. , Ivanov Yurii V. , Matvienko Darya A. , Kalsin Vladimir A. , Gorchakov Andrey A. , Baklaushev Vladimir P. , Taranin Aleksandr V.
Published: August 2020

Immunotherapy based on adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T‐ and NK‐cells is an area of active ongoing research and has proven highly efficacious for patients with certain B‐cell malignancies. Use of NK cells and NK cell lines as carriers of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) appears particularly promising, as this opens an opportunity for moving the therapy from autologous to the allogeneic (universal) format. This “off‐the‐shelf” approach is thought to significantly reduce the price of the treatment and make it available to many more patients in need. Yet, the efficacy of CAR‐NK cells in vivo presently remains low, and boosting the activity of CAR NK cells via stronger tumor homing, resistance to tumor microenvironment, as well as greater cytotoxicity may translate into improved patient outcomes. Here, we established a derivative of a human NK cell line YT overexpressing a positive regulator of cytotoxicity, VAV1. Activity of YT‐VAV1 cells obtained was assayed in vitro against several cancer cell lines and primary patient‐derived cancer cells. YT‐VAV1 cells outperform parental YT cells in terms of cytotoxicity.
Production of Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus by Intensified Cell Cultures: A Comparison of Platform Technologies for Viral Vector Production
Authors: Gränicher Gwendal , Tapia Felipe , Behrendt Ilona , Jordan Ingo , Genzel Yvonne , Reichl Udo
Published: August 2020

Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus is a promising vector for vaccination against various challenging pathogens or the treatment of some types of cancers, requiring a high amount of virions per dose for vaccination and gene therapy. Upstream process intensification combining perfusion technologies, the avian suspension cell line AGE1.CR.pIX and the virus strain MVA‐CR19 is an option to obtain very high MVA yields. Here the authors compare different options for cell retention in perfusion mode using conventional stirred‐tank bioreactors. Furthermore, the authors study hollow‐fiber bioreactors and an orbital‐shaken bioreactor in perfusion mode, both available for single‐use. Productivity for the virus strain MVA‐CR19 is compared to results from batch and continuous production reported in literature. The results demonstrate that cell retention devices are only required to maximize cell concentration but not for continuous harvesting. Using a stirred‐tank bioreactor, a perfusion strategy with working volume expansion after virus infection results in the highest yields. Overall, infectious MVA virus titers of 2.1–16.5 × 109 virions/mL are achieved in these intensified processes. Taken together, the study shows a novel perspective on high‐yield MVA virus production in conventional bioreactor systems linked to various cell retention devices and addresses options for process intensification including fully single‐use perfusion platforms.
Singen mit Kopf und Kragen
Authors: Bergmann Hans‐Heiner
Published: August 2020

Durch ihre schnelle Bewegung in der Luft beim Fliegen und bei davon abgeleiteten Bewegungsformen erzeugen Vogelfedern Schall, primär als geräuschhaftes Epiphänomen. Auch der mit einer Hornschicht bedeckte Schnabel kann durch schnelles Schließen Geräusche erzeugen. Solcher Schall kann zum Signal werden, wenn er in sozialen Situationen eingesetzt wird. Dabei kann geräuschhafter Schall von Federn zu Klängen oder Tönen umgewandelt werden. Hier werden erstmals die akustischen Eigenschaften dieser Instrumentallaute mit der Methode der Sonagraphie beispielhaft analysiert. Über die biologische Bedeutung der instrumentalen Signale der Vögel bestehen hauptsächlich Vermutungen, die sich aus den beobachteten Situationen ergeben.
Wildbienen auf dem Rymelsberg in Langerwehe
Authors: Roth Manuela , Roth Thomas , Holtappels Eberhard
Published: August 2020

Langerwehe am Fuße der Voreifel bietet aufgrund seiner Bodenbeschaffenheit seltenen Wildbienen einen Lebensraum, den es zu schützen gilt. Zu den in Langerwehe zu beobachtenden, seltenen Wildbienenarten gehört die Weidensandbiene (Andrena vaga) mit ihrem Parasiten, dem Fächerflügler Stylops ovinae.
A Novel Paramagnetic Nanoparticle T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent With High Colloidal Stability: Polyacrylic Acid‐Coated Ultrafine Dysprosium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Marasini Shanti , Yue Huan , Ho Son Long , Cha Hyunsil , Park Ji Ae , Jung Ki‐Hye , Ghazanfari Adibehalsadat , Ahmad Mohammad Yaseen , Liu Shuwen , Chae Kwon‐Seok , Chang Yongmin , Lee Gang Ho
Published: August 2020

Until now, there have been limited studies on T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) using paramagnetic nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, ultrafine dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) NPs were synthesized as a T2 MRI CA. To obtain high biocompatibility and colloidal stability in aqueous medium for in vivo applications, they were grafted with polyacrylic acid. They displayed paramagnetism with an appreciable magnetization value at 300 K and consequently, an appreciable transverse water proton spin relaxivity (r2) value which increased as the applied MR field increased. Their potential as a T2 MRI CA was proved by taking in vivo T2 MR images in mice.
XQ‐1H attenuates ischemic injury in PC12 cells via Wnt/β‐catenin signaling though inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of proliferation
Authors: Xu Dan , Li Fengyang , Hou Kai , Gou Xue , Fang Weirong , Li Yunman
Published: August 2020

10‐O‐(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl)‐ginkgolide B methanesulfonate (XQ‐1H) is a new derivative of ginkgolide B and has previously been proven to exert neuroprotective effects on ischemic injury. However, it is not clear whether XQ‐1H affects the cell survival and proliferation in oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) damaged PC12 cells. Our results showed that OGD/R improved cell viability after 24 hr of posttreatment with XQ‐1H (10 or 5 μM), inhibiting cell injury and apoptosis by upregulating the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and antiapoptotic B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large, while reducing proapoptotic cleaved caspase‐3 protein. By introducing the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling inhibitor XAV‐939 and 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining, it was proved that XQ‐1H promoted the proliferation of PC12 cells in a Wnt‐signal‐dependent manner via inhibiting the activation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β after phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B signal activation, thereby activating Wnt1, β‐catenin, and the expression of downstream neurogenic differentiation 1 and cyclin D1, which was comparable to Wnt/β‐catenin signaling agonist 4,6‐disubstituted pyrrolopyrimidine. We conclude that XQ‐1H, after OGD/R damage to PC12 cells, may limit cell apoptosis in a Wnt/β‐catenin signal‐dependent manner, promoting cell proliferation and survival.
Managing emergent life events in exposure therapy for pediatric anxiety
Authors: Gervasio Maddi , Herren Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Over the past several decades, there has been a focus on increasing access to evidence‐based practices (EBPs) for youth with psychological disorders. While many well‐tested and efficacious treatments exist, the dissemination and implementation of EBPs in community practice has been met with challenges at both the macro (e.g., systemic) and micro (e.g., therapist and client) levels. Emergent life events (ELEs) are one identified barrier found to decrease fidelity to EBPs in practice settings (Guan, Kim et al., 2019).
The role of parents, educators, and treatment providers in educating children about racial injustice
Authors: Davis Thamara
Published: August 2020

Events related to the tragic deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery have brought up important questions about discussion of diversity and fair treatment in our communities. There is no question that racial trauma affects the emotional health of both children and adults in important ways, ranging from chronic stress to health inequities. Helping children to process their thoughts and feelings about the news has the potential to temper the effects as well as offering the opportunity to teach about privilege, racism, and implicit bias. We can also help children build the capacity to talk about race and respond to racial injustice. Checking in with parents of young children about whether they've had any conversations with them about recent events can promote insight and encourage this important dialogue. With older children and adolescents, it is important to ask what they have heard and how they feel about recent events and if they have talked to anyone about it.
A neonate with intrauterine growth restriction and pseudo‐Bartter syndrome due to severe maternal eating disorder: A case report
Authors: Babatseva Evgeniya , Chatziioannidis Ilias , Tagaraki Alexia ‐ Angeliki , Tramma Despoina , Dampala Kalliopi , Chatzitoliou Efthymia , Papacharalambous Efthymia , Mitsiakos Georgios , Tsakalidis Christos , Karagianni Paraskevi , Lithoxopoulou Maria , Anastasiadis Kleanthis , Soubasi Vasiliki
Published: August 2020

Maternal diet before and during pregnancy plays an important role for the developing fetus. Any eating disorder in this period can cause transient or/and permanent negative effects on the mother and her offspring.
A Barrel‐Shaped Metal–Organic Blue‐Box Analogue with Photo‐/Redox‐Switchable Behavior
Authors: Brunet Gabriel , Suturina Elizaveta A. , George Guillaume P. C. , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Richardson Paul , Bucher Christophe , Murugesu Muralee
Published: August 2020

Donor–acceptor interactions are ubiquitous in the design and understanding of host–guest complexes. Despite their non‐covalent nature, they can readily dictate the self‐assembly of complex architectures. Here, a photo‐/redox‐switchable metal–organic nanocapsule is presented, which was assembled by using lanthanide ions and viologen building blocks, by relying on such donor–acceptor interactions. The potential of this unique barrel‐shaped structure is highlighted for the encapsulation of suitable electron donors, akin to the well‐investigated “blue‐box” macrocycles. The light‐triggered reduction of the viologen units has been investigated by single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments, complemented by magnetic, optical, and solid‐state electrochemical characterizations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to suggest the most likely electron donor in the light‐triggered reduction of the viologen‐based ligand.
Control of Axial Chirality by Planar Chirality Based on Optically Active [2.2]Paracyclophane
Authors: Namba Genki , Mimura Yuki , Imai Yoshitane , Inoue Ryo , Morisaki Yasuhiro
Published: August 2020

Optically active X‐shaped molecules based on the planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane building block were prepared, in which di(methoxy)terphenyl units were stacked on the central benzene rings. At 25 °C, anisolyl rings freely rotate in solution, while in the crystal form, they are fixed by intramolecular CH–π interactions, thereby leading to the expression of the axial chirality, i.e., propeller chirality was exhibited by the planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane moiety. The X‐shaped molecule exhibited good circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) profiles with moderate ΦPL and a large glum value in the order of 10−3 at 25 °C, in solution. In contrast, at −120 °C, dual CPL emission with opposite signs was observed. According to the theoretical studies, the rotary motion of the anisolyl units is suppressed in the excited states, and so emission from two isomers could be observed. These results demonstrate that the axial chirality was controlled by the planar chirality, leading ultimately to propeller chirality.
Chiral Catalysts for Pd0‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Activation
Authors: Vyhivskyi Oleksandr , Kudashev Anton , Miyakoshi Takeru , Baudoin Olivier
Published: August 2020

In the past few decades, processes that involve transition‐metal catalysis have represented a major part of the synthetic chemist′s toolbox. Recently, the interest has shifted from the well‐established cross‐coupling reactions to C−H bond functionalization, thus making it a current frontier of transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions. Constant progress in this field has led to the discovery of enantioselective methods to generate and control various types of stereogenic elements, thereby demonstrating its high value to generate scalemic chiral molecules. The present review is dedicated to enantioselective Pd0‐catalyzed C−H activation, which may be considered as an evolution of Pd0‐catalyzed cross‐couplings, with a focus on the different chiral ligands and catalysts that enable these transformations.
Influence of seasons on the management and outcomes acute myocardial infarction: An 18‐year US study
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Patlolla Sri Harsha , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Holmes David R. , Gersh Bernard J.
Published: August 2020

Background

There are limited data on the seasonal variation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the contemporary literature.

Hypothesis

There would be decrease in the seasonal variation in the management and outcomes of AMI.

Methods

Adult (>18 years) AMI admissions were identified using the National Inpatient Sample (2000‐2017). Seasons were classified as spring, summer, fall, and winter. Outcomes of interest included prevalence, in‐hospital mortality, use of coronary angiography, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Subgroup analyses for type of AMI and patient characteristics were performed.

Results

Of the 10 880 856 AMI admissions, 24.3%, 22.9%, 22.2%, and 24.2% were admitted in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. The four cohorts had comparable age, sex, race, and comorbidities distribution. Rates of coronary angiography and PCI were slightly but significantly lower in winter (62.6% and 40.7%) in comparison to the other seasons (64‐65% and 42‐43%, respectively) (P < .001). Compared to spring, winter admissions had higher in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06‐1.08), whereas summer (aOR 0.97; 95% CI 0.96‐0.98) and fall (aOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97‐0.99) had slightly lower in‐hospital mortality (P < .001). ST‐segment elevation (10.0% vs 9.1%; aOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.06‐1.08) and non‐ST‐segment elevation (4.7% vs 4.2%; aOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.06‐1.09) AMI admissions in winter had higher in‐hospital mortality compared to spring (P < .001). The primary results were consistent when stratified by age, sex, race, geographic region, and admission year.

Conclusions

Compared to other seasons, winter admission was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality in AMI in the United States.
Circularly Polarized Absorption and Luminescence of Semiconductor Eu‐OCN Nanocrystals in the Blue Region of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuchika , Koide Katsumasa , Tsurui Makoto , Kitagawa Yuichi , Nakanishi Takayuki , Doi Yoshihiro , Hinatsu Yukio , Fushimi Koji
Published: August 2020

Semiconductor nanomaterials with efficient polarized‐light control in the blue region of the visible spectrum are promising candidates for modern and future photo‐information technology, display devices, and optical sensing applications. New‐type semiconductor Eu(OCN)2 nanocrystals with circularly polarized absorption (CD: circular dichroism) and emission (CPL: circularly polarized luminescence) under an applied magnetic field are demonstrated here for the first time. The effective CD signal at 1.6 T was observed at approximately 440 nm. The dissymmetry factor of CPL under 100 K, gM‐CPL, was estimated to be 0.01. These characteristic circularly polarized absorption and emission phenomena of Eu(OCN)2 nanocrystals should be caused by combination between the “Faraday A and C terms” of the magnetic moment in the excited state. Polarized‐light control using Eu(OCN)2 nanocrystals in the blue‐light region of the electromagnetic spectrum is a large first step into a new world of photo‐functional semiconductor nanomaterials.
Diverse Particle Carriers Prepared by Co‐Precipitation and Phase Separation: Formation and Applications
Authors: Sun Zhu , Wu Baiheng , Ren Yixin , Wang Zhongzhen , Zhao Chun‐Xia , Hai Mingtan , Weitz David A. , Chen Dong
Published: August 2020

Nanoparticles with diverse structures and unique properties have attracted increasing attention for their widespread applications. Co‐precipitation under rapid mixing is an effective method to obtained biocompatible nanoparticles and diverse particle carriers are achieved by controlled phase separation via interfacial tensions. In this Minireview, we summarize the underlying mechanism of co‐precipitation and show that rapid mixing is important to ensure co‐precipitation. In the binary polymer system, the particles can form four different morphologies, including occluded particle, core‐shell capsule, dimer particle, and heteroaggregate, and we demonstrate that the final morphology could be controlled by surface tensions through surfactant, polymer composition, molecular weight, and temperature. The applications of occluded particles, core‐shell capsules and dimer particles prepared by co‐precipitation or microfluidics upon the regulation of interfacial tensions are discussed in detail, and show great potential in the areas of functional materials, colloidal surfactants, drug delivery, nanomedicine, bio‐imaging, displays, and cargo encapsulation.
Using mobile eye‐tracking technology to examine adolescent daughters’ attention to maternal affect during a conflict discussion
Authors: Woody Mary L. , Price Rebecca B. , Amole Marlissa , Hutchinson Emily , Benoit Allen Kristy , Silk Jennifer S.
Published: August 2020

Attention to socio‐emotional stimuli (i.e., affect‐biased attention) is an integral component of emotion regulation and human communication. Given the strong link between maternal affect and adolescent behavior, maternal affect may be a critical influence on adolescent affect‐biased attention during mother‐child interaction. However, prior methodological constraints have precluded fine‐grained examinations of factors such as maternal affect on adolescent attention during real‐world social interaction. Therefore, this pilot study capitalized on previously validated technological advances by using mobile eye‐tracking and facial affect coding software to quantify the influence of maternal affect on adolescents’ attention to the mother during a conflict discussion. Results from 7,500 to 9,000 time points sampled for each mother‐daughter dyad (n = 28) indicated that both negative and positive maternal affect, relative to neutral, elicited more adolescent attentional avoidance of the mother (ORs = 2.68–9.20), suggesting that typically developing adolescents may seek to avoid focusing on maternal affect of either valence during a conflict discussion. By examining the moment‐to‐moment association between in vivo displays of maternal affect and subsequent adolescent attention toward the mother's face, these results provide preliminary evidence that maternal affect moderates adolescent attention. Our findings are consistent with cross‐species approach‐avoidance models suggesting that offspring respond to affectively charged conversations with greater behavioral avoidance or deference.
Epithelial morphogenesis in the perinatal mouse uterus
Authors: Vue Zer , Behringer Richard R.
Published: August 2020

Background

The uterus is the location where multiple events occur that are required for the start of new life in mammals. The adult uterus contains endometrial or uterine glands that are essential for female fertility. In the mouse, uterine glands are located in the lateral and antimesometrial regions of the uterine horn. Previous three‐dimensional (3D)‐imaging of the adult uterus, its glands, and implanting embryos has been performed by multiple groups, using fluorescent microscopy. Adenogenesis, the formation of uterine glands, initiates after birth. Recently, we created a 3D‐staging system of mouse uterine gland development at postnatal time points, using light sheet fluorescent microscopy. Here, using a similar approach, we examine the morphological changes in the epithelium of the perinatal mouse uterus.

Results

The uterine epithelium exhibits dorsoventral (mesometrial‐antimesometrial) patterning as early as 3 days after birth (P3), marked by the presence of the dorsally positioned developing uterine rail. Uterine gland buds are present beginning at P4. Novel morphological epithelial structures, including a ventral ridge and uterine segments were identified.

Conclusions

The perinatal mouse uterine luminal epithelium develops dorsal‐ventral morphologies at 3 to 4 days postpartum. Between 5 and 6 days postpartum uterine epithelial folds form, defining alternating left‐right segments.
Higher host plant specialization of root‐associated endophytes than mycorrhizal fungi along an arctic elevational gradient
Authors: Abrego Nerea , Huotari Tea , Tack Ayco J. M. , Lindahl Björn D. , Tikhonov Gleb , Somervuo Panu , Martin Schmidt Niels , Ovaskainen Otso , Roslin Tomas
Published: August 2020

How community‐level specialization differs among groups of organisms, and changes along environmental gradients, is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms influencing ecological communities. In this paper, we investigate the specialization of root‐associated fungi for plant species, asking whether the level of specialization varies with elevation. For this, we applied DNA barcoding based on the ITS region to root samples of five plant species equivalently sampled along an elevational gradient at a high arctic site. To assess whether the level of specialization changed with elevation and whether the observed patterns varied between mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi, we applied a joint species distribution modeling approach. Our results show that host plant specialization is not environmentally constrained in arctic root‐associated fungal communities, since there was no evidence for changing specialization with elevation, even if the composition of root‐associated fungal communities changed substantially. However, the level of specialization for particular plant species differed among fungal groups, root‐associated endophytic fungal communities being highly specialized on particular host species, and mycorrhizal fungi showing almost no signs of specialization. Our results suggest that plant identity affects associated mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi differently, highlighting the need of considering both endophytic and mycorrhizal fungi when studying specialization in root‐associated fungal communities.
DNA barcode assessment and population structure of aphidophagous hoverfly Sphaerophoria scripta: Implications for conservation biological control
Authors: Gojković Nemanja , Francuski Ljubinka , Ludoški Jasmina , Milankov Vesna
Published: August 2020

With the advent of integrated pest management, the conservation of indigenous populations of natural enemies of pest species has become a relevant practice, necessitating the accurate identification of beneficial species and the inspection of evolutionary mechanisms affecting the long‐time persistence of their populations. The long hoverfly, Sphaerophoria scripta, represents one of the most potent aphidophagous control agents due to a worldwide distribution and a favorable constellation of biological traits. Therefore, we assessed five European S. scripta populations by combining molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I‐ COI, internal transcribed spacer 2‐ ITS2, and allozyme loci) and morphological (wing size and shape) characters. COI sequences retrieved in this study were conjointly analyzed with BOLD/GenBank sequences of the other Sphaerophoria species to evaluate whether COI possessed a sufficient diagnostic value as a DNA barcode marker to consistently delimit allospecific individuals. Additionally, the aforementioned characters were used to inspect the population structure of S. scripta in Europe using methods based on individual‐ and population‐based genetic differences, as well as geometric morphometrics of wing traits. The results indicate numerous shared COI haplotypes among different Sphaerophoria species, thus disqualifying this marker from being an adequate barcoding region in this genus. Conversely, the analyses of population structuring revealed high population connectivity across Europe, therefore indicating strong tolerance of S. scripta to environmental heterogeneity. The results imply a multilocus approach as the next step in molecular identification of different Sphaerophoria species, while confirming the status of S. scripta as a powerful biocontrol agent of economically relevant aphid pests.
When global norms meet local politics: Localising transparency in extractive industries governance
Authors: Winanti Poppy Sulistyaning , Hanif Hasrul
Published: August 2020

Processes of norm localisation play a crucial role in shaping the extent to which global governance norms are institutionalised at national and sub‐national levels. This article explores the politics of norm localisation through an empirical investigation of how global norms of “transparency” were localised in sub‐national processes of extractive industry governance in Bojonegoro, Indonesia. Previous theories of localisation have emphasised “constructivist” dynamics through which patterns of norm localisation are shaped decisively by efforts to build normative or cognitive congruence with local ideas and identities. In contrast, the mix of a newly democratised environment, the persistent power of corporatist elite networks and a populist style of local politics prevailing in Bojonegoro have diminished the significance of such constructivist dynamics as a basis for explaining varied patterns of norm localisation. Instead, patterns of norm localisation have depended crucially on the capacity of local political leaders to harness global governance norms instrumentally as a basis for consolidating and strengthening their own local power base. These findings have important implications for both theoretical and practical understandings of how global norm localisation processes vary in response to the contrasting political contexts in which global governance norms targeting the extractive sector are implemented.