bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of sealing on urban soil carbon and nutrients
Authors: O'Riordan Roisin , Davies Jess , Stevens Carly , Quinton John N.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Urban soils are of increasing interest for their potential to provide ecosystem services such as carbon storage and nutrient cycling. Despite this, there is limited knowledge on how soil sealing with
impervious surfaces, a common disturbance in urban environments, affects
these important ecosystem services. In this paper, we investigate the effect of soil sealing on soil properties, soil carbon and soil nutrient stocks. We undertook a comparative survey of sealed and unsealed green space soils across the UK city of Manchester. Our results reveal that the context of urban soil and the anthropogenic artefacts added to soil have a great
influence on soil properties and functions. In general, sealing reduced soil carbon and nutrient stocks compared to green space soil; however, where there were anthropogenic additions of organic and mineral artefacts, this led to increases in soil carbon and nitrate content. Anthropogenic additions led to carbon stocks equivalent to or larger than those in green spaces; this was likely a result of charcoal additions, leading to carbon stores with long residence times. This suggests that in areas with an industrial past, anthropogenic additions can lead to a legacy carbon store in urban soil and make important contributions to urban soil carbon budgets. These findings shed light on the heterogeneity of urban sealed soil and the influence of anthropogenic artefacts on soil functions. Our research highlights the need to gain a further understanding of urban soil processes, in both sealed and unsealed soils, and of the influence and legacy of anthropogenic additions for soil functions and important ecosystem services.
BeefLegends: Connecting the Dots between Community, Culture and Commerce
Authors: McQueenie Jock , Foth Marcus , Powell Warwick , Hearn Greg
Published: October 2021

This report highlights the role of the 3Cs – Community, Culture, Commerce, a project design methodology for customising social, business, research project partnerships. 3C is a leader in the intermediation and brokerage of mutually beneficial design. From 2018 – 2021, 3C was deployed as part of a collaborative research study between BeefLedger Ltd and QUT, co-funded by the Food Agility CRC. 3C created the community engagement component of that initiative, entitled Beeflegends; it is presented here as a case study. Here we describe how the 3C process contributes to social and digital inclusion in regional communities and can create new modes of engagement between those communities and regional industry.
On the Problem of Extending Matrix Semantics Sdequate to Classical Implicative Logic to Matrix Xemantics Adequate to Classical Conjunctive-Implicative Logic
Authors: Попов Владимир Михайлович
Published: October 2021

В (Попов 2019) дан перечень всех логических матриц, носитель каждой из которых есть {1, 1/2, 0} и выделенное множество каждой из которых есть {1}, адекватных классической импликативной логике. В частности, этому перечню принадлежат логические матрицы ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ⊃ (1, 0, 0, 1)⟩ и ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ⊃ (1/2, 0, 0, 1/2)⟩. Настоящая статья содержит построение бинарной операции & на {1, 1/2, 0} и доказательство того, что ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, &, ⊃ (1, 0, 0, 1)⟩ есть L&⊃ -матрица, адекватная классической конъюнктивно-импликативной логике, а также доказательство того, что не существует операции ψ, для которой ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ψ, ⊃ (1/2, 0, 0, 1/2)⟩ есть L&⊃ -матрица, адекватная классической конъюнктивно-импликативной логике.

In (Popov 2019), a list of all logical matrices is given, the carrier of each of which is {1, 1/2, 0} and the designated set of each of which is {1}, adequate to classical implicative logic. In particular, to this list belong the logical matrices ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ⊃ (1, 0, 0, 1)⟩ and ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ⊃ (1/2, 0, 0, 1/2)⟩. This article contains the construction of the binary operation & on {1, 1/2, 0} and the proof that ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, &, ⊃ (1, 0, 0, 1)⟩ there is an L&⊃ -matrix adequate to the classical conjunctive-implicative logic, as well as a proof that there is no operation ψ for which ⟨{1, 1/2, 0}, {1}, ψ, ⊃ (1/2, 0, 0, 1/2)⟩ is an L&⊃ -matrix that is adequate to the classical conjunctive-implicative logic.
Nominal Conceptualism and Logical Modelling of Agents’ Conceptions
Authors: Badie Farshad
Published: October 2021

In the view of my philosophical position ‘nominal conceptualism’, cognitive/knowledge agents, who are in some way aware of expressing the world based on their mental concepts, deal with their linguistic and/or symbolic expressions. In this paper I rely on nominal concep- tualism to logically characterise agents’ concept-based descriptions of the world and analyse a undamental logical system for conception representation.
MR. FREGE, THE PLATONIST
Authors: Sierra Daniel
Published: October 2021

Although Frege is one of the prominent figureheads of analytic philosophy, it is not surprising that there are still issues surrounding his views, interpreting them, and labeling them. Frege’s view on numbers is typically termed as Platonistic or at least a type of Platonism (Reck 2005). Still, the term ‘Platonism’ has views and assumptions ascribed to it that may be misleading and leads to mischaracterizations of Frege’s outlook on numbers and ideas. So, clarification of the term ‘Platonism’ is required to portray Frege’s views more accurately (Reck 2005). This clarification gives us a better picture of what Frege is interested in and what he does not emphasize. Moreover, in such a clarifying process, we find that Frege draws heavy influence from Rudolf Hermann Lotze, who is frequently called a Neo-Kantian (Vagnetti 2018). In Lotze’s major work, Logik, Lotze has a central focus on validity, in its most general form as he used it, that investigates various related topics, i.e., concepts, language, etc. (Vagnetti 2018; Lotze 1888). Furthermore, we observe that Frege’s work is so similar to Lotze, that it seems questionable to call his outlook ‘Platonism’. Therefore, attributing ‘Platonism’ to Frege may be a slight misnomer. This paper’s entirety is mostly a synthesis of a variety of articles related to Frege, Lotze, and their respective outlooks and the original works of Frege and Lotze that I use to support the view that the term ‘Platonism’ is a slight issue when predicated to Frege. As such, I include an overview of Frege’s treatment in contemporary literature that highlights the usage of the term ‘Platonism’ and how broad its uses tend to be utilized (Balaguer 2006; Burge 1992). In sum, it is observed that the general label ‘Platonism’ becomes less appropriate when we consider Lotze in the picture and contrast Lotze alongside Mr. Frege. Overall, this paper is just an explanatory one of Mr. Frege, the Platonist, and the issues of applying the term ‘Platonism’ onto him as his views are seemingly more of a segue from Lotze.
ЛОГИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СУБЪЕКТИВНЫХ ПРЕДИКАТОВ
Authors: Pavlukhina Polina
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the prominent issues of subjective language, which includes PPTs. They take into account opinions rather than facts. Modern logicians and linguists who consider PPTs notice the puzzle about faultless disagreement and the problem of the acquaintance inference. Over the past 10 years, two main doctrines have formed which offer different solutions to these issues: contextualism and relativism. The competition between them is considered in this article. Additionally, we point out that there is a special attention to the speaker in subjective language because the meaning of the sentence is determined from the position of the speaker. However, we assume that subjective predicates can also involve non-local judges, who are not always the speaker. In this regard, we need to turn to a logical apparatus, namely the de re reading, which allows taking into account non-local judges in subjective statements.

В данной статье исследуются субъективные предикаты, которые рассматривают скорее мнение, чем факты. Современные логики и лингвисты обращают особое внимание на проблему безошибочного разногласия и роль непосредственного опыта. За последние 10 лет сформировалось два основных лагеря, которые предлагают различные решения данных вопросов. Дискуссия между данными направлениями будет затронута в данной работе. Отмечается, что особое внимание уделяется говорящему, с позиции которого определяется значение предложения, но субъективные предикаты могут говорить так же и о нелокальных судьях, которыми не всегда является говорящий. В связи с этим отмечается необходимость обращения к логическому аппарату, а именно чтению de re, которое позволяет учитывать нелокальных судей в субъективных высказываниях.
The Internalist Justificatory Function of Reductio Ad Absurdum
Authors: Muñoz Manuel Arnulfo Cañas
Published: October 2021

In the present essay it is discussed the main features of reductio ad absurdum as a source of justification. These properties are consequences of the employment of contradictions as a reason for proving if a statement is true. Although a valid deductive argument can build an internalistic justification, I would suggest that the justification obtained by reductio ad absurdum cannot be externalist. This is because contradictions as reasons can be considered internal states from different definitions.
Температурная зависимость химического потенциала и заселенности уровня Ландау двумерного электронного газа в постоянном магнитном поле
Authors: Абдулазизов Б.Т.
Published: October 2021

Проведен численный расчет температурной зависимости химического потенциала при различных значениях фактора заполнения n уровня Ландау. Найдена степень заполнения каждого уровня Ландау в зависимости от температуры. Приведена также низкотемпературная формула зависимости m(Т/Г, eF) на основе разложения Зоммер-фельда. Обсуждаeтся влияние теплового возбуждения, происходящего как внутри, так и между уровнями Ландау, на химический потенциал и заселенности уровней данной системы.
Single-walled carbon nanotube structure and radiation defects under the high energy electron beam
Authors: Yuldashova I.I. , Tashmetov M.Yu.
Published: October 2021

The effect of electron irradiation up to fluence of 1.54×1017 electron/cm2 on the structural parameters, sizes of nanocrystallites, microstrains, and Raman spectra of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was studied. Electron irradiation leads to an increase in the lattice parameters in the a and b directions from 4.7623 Å to 4.9378 Å and a decrease along the c axis from 3.9491 Å to 3.9469 Å. Electron irradiation stimulates the growth of the nanocrystallite size from 4.06 nm to 5.03 nm, leads to a shift of the Raman spectra towards higher frequencies, and indicates the appearance of a spectrum at 805 cm–1, which is caused by the formation of defects in a SWCNT.
Experimental study of the efficiency of a multi-pass pumping scheme for solar lasers
Authors: Sherniyozov A.A. , Payziyev Sh.D. , Shermatova F.A. , Begimkulov Sh.A. , Qahhorov A.G. , Kamoliddinov F.M. , Aliboyev A.G.
Published: October 2021

Here we present the results of our study on the feasibility of a multi-pass pumping scheme in solar lasers. A secondary concentrator has been developed to ensure the multiple passage of solar photons through the active medium. When using a multi-pass pumping scheme, an increase of 12.5% in the luminescence spectra of Nd:YAG is observed in the vicinity of the lasing line at a wavelength of 1064 nm
Разработка гибких органических солнечных элементов на основе тиено[2,3-f]бензофурана и тиенопирролдиона
Authors: Захидов Э.А. , Тажибаев И.И. , Нурумбетова Л.Р. , Кувондиков В.О. , Бойназаров И.Р. , Рузиев Ф.М. , Нематов Ш.К.
Published: October 2021

В настоящей работе мы разработали органический солнечный элемент из нового синтезированного полимера PTBFD на основе двумерного сопряженного полимера донорноакцепторного типа и исследовали его характеристики сравнительно с традиционным материалом PBDTD. Оказалось, что оба полимера имеют схожие оптические свойства. Исследование XRD показало, что PTBFD имеет более сильную π-π связь, чем PBDTD, что подразумевает плотную укладку полимерных цепей. Фотовольтаические свойства были исследованы в различных комбинациях при одинаковых условиях изготовления. Органический солнечный элемент на основе PTBFD показал 4.33% эффективности преобразования энергии при напряжении холостого хода (Voc) до 1.09 В, что привело к улучшению эффективности на 32% по сравнению с PBDTD.
Correlation between the Cognitive Impairment and the Performance of Activities of Daily Living among Elderly People Residing in Selected Old-Age Homes of West Bengal
Authors: Kumar Madhurima , Modak Shipra
Published: October 2021

Age associated cognitive decline is an important human experience which differs in extent between individuals. Activities of daily living are linked to cognitive function. A descriptive study was conducted to identify correlation between the cognitive impairment (CI) and the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) among elderly people residing in selected old-age homes of West Bengal. The study aimed to determine the relationship between the CI and the performance of ADL among elderly people. Non experimental survey research approach was adopted to collect data from 150 subjects by simple random sampling technique with the help of Demographic Proforma, GPCOG Screening Test and Barthel Index. The study findings revealed that 43.33% of the respondents had cognitive impairment whereas 56.66% were cognitively intact. ADL assessment depicted that 43.33% were moderately dependent, 33.33% were independent, 14.66% were slightly dependent, followed by 8.66% of the respondents who were severely dependent. A strong positive correlation was found between CI and ADL (r = 0.87) and also between CI and age (r = 0.97) of the participants. Statistically significant association was found between cognitive impairment and gender (χ2 = 5.99, <0.05), education (χ2 = 8.81, <0.05), previous occupation (χ2 = 12.80, <0.01), self financial support (χ2 = 10.12, <0.01), family type (χ2 = 15.77, <0.001), presence of chronic disease (χ2 = 4.10, <0.05). Considering the findings some recommendations were offered for future research such as to conduct the study on large sample and different settings.

Key words: Cognitive impairment, Activities of daily living, Elderly people, Correlation, Performance.
Prevalence of Eating Disorders among Female Undergraduates at a Nigerian University
Authors: A Adebimpe Oluwafisayo , EE Idehen , SK Mosaku
Published: October 2021

Eating disorder is not an uncommon disorder in developed countries, although this topic has been relatively understudied in developing countries. This study determined the prevalence of eating disorder and types of eating disorders common among female undergraduates in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Using a descriptive survey design, 1000 female undergraduates aged 18-40years was selected through the stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected on socio-demographic variables such as age and religion, height and weight while, The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) was used to measure eating disorders. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. One hundred and seventy one (171) respondents were classified as highly at risk for eating disorders. The prevalence of eating disorder among the study population was 17.1%. The results revealed that 205 (20.5%) of the respondents were at risk for anorexia nervosa, 170 (17.0%) for bulimia nervosa and 168 (16.8%) for obesity. The study concluded that eating disorder is common among young adults in Nigeria.

Key words: Eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Obesity, prevalence of eating disorders.
Improving Science Learning Outcomes Through Online Learning Model E-Learning With Video Media
Authors: Paizar Paizar
Published: October 2021

This study uses Classroom Action Research (CAR) in the form of implementing an e-learning model with video media to improve the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 3 Epil which consists of two cycles and each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects were fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 3 Epil. The number of students is 29 students consisting of 10 male students and 19 female students. The results showed that the application of the e-learning model with video media could improve science learning outcomes in fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 3 Epil. Judging from the results of pre-cycle students who completed KBM only 14 students (48.3%) and 15 students (51.7%) had not. In the first cycle there are 24 students (82.8%) who have completed and 5 students (17.2%) have not completed, and in the second cycle, there are 26 students (89.7%) who have completed and there are 3 students (10.3 %) unfinished. From the increase in learning outcomes, this classroom action research was stopped in cycle II because it had reached the classical completeness criteria, namely 85% of the total number of students who had completed learning and were declared successful in improving science learning outcomes in Grade IV students of SD Negeri 3 Epil Academic Year 2020/ 2021.
“A professor of darkness”: Higher Education and the Annihilation of Virtue in Cormac McCarthy'sThe Sunset Limited
Authors: DeCoste D. Marcel
Published: October 2021

While critics have remarked how The Sunset Limited stresses White's identity as a professor, they have had little to say regarding what this fact and White's suicidal longing reveal concerning McCarthy's view of the contemporary university. This article fills this gap by scrutinizing White's death wish through the lens of the academy's engagement with virtue. Drawing upon John Henry Newman's understanding of the relationship between the university and character formation, as well as traditional formulations of classical and Christian virtues, I show how White's arguments in favor of self-annihilation are grounded in an education lacking any pursuit of virtue of either kind. Representative of the modern academy, White has located all value not in an ethical consideration of how to be a good man in community with others, but in the artistic achievements of humanity; his vocation has concerned itself with aesthetics at the expense of virtue. Divorced especially from the theological virtues, the education White professes darkness by combining intellectual pride with moral skepticism in such a way as to subvert human solidarity, individual purpose, and indeed the project of the university itself.
A Few Nice Things and a Few Problems with “The Kekulé Problem”
Authors: Josyph Peter
Published: October 2021

Peter Josyph considers McCarthy's most recent work, a nonfiction essay titled “The Kekulé Problem” and published in Nautilus in 2017. He reads it as a kind of memoir, “notes of a mental traveller,” and more revealing of direct personal experience than any of McCarthy's writing to date. Josyph considers the background of the story about the German chemist Frederich August von Kekulé that's at the heart of the essay and how McCarthy engages with the ideas it presents.
اختيار التخصص الجامعي والرؤيا المستقبلية لدى الطلبة الجامعيين في فلسطين
Authors: عرار رشيد , رياحي ملكة
Published: October 2021

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى نسبة حصول الطلبة الملتحقين بالجامعات الفلسطينية على خدمات بالمرحلة الثانوية، أو الجامعة ساعدتهم في التعرف إلى تخصصاتهم الجامعية الأنسب، وكذلك الكشف عن الرؤيا المستقبلية لديهم للاندماج بالعمل ما بعد التخرج، وذلك باستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، ومن خلال برنامج جوجل Google Survey، طبقت الدراسة على عينة عشوائية بلغت (550) طالباً وطالبةً، (33%) منهم ذكور، و(67%) منهم إناث من جامعات الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة. وبينت النتائج أن (9%) من الطلبة الفلسطينيين حصلوا في المدرسة على خدمات ساعدتهم في التعرف إلى تخصصاتهم الجامعية الأنسب، و(16%) من أفراد العينة حصلوا على خدمات بالجامعة ساعدتهم في التعرف إلى تخصصاتهم الجامعية الأنسب، ولم تكن هناك فروقاً تذكر بين الذكور والإناث أو بين الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة في تلك الخدمات. وعبّر ما نسبته (53.3%) من الطلبة عن رغبتهم في الدراسة في جامعة أخرى غير تلك الملتحقين بها، ولا توجد فروق دالة إحصائياً بين الذكور والإناث في تلك الرغبة، كما عبّر (53.6%) منهم عن رغبتهم في دراسة تخصص آخر غير الملتحقين به، وكانت الفروق دالة إحصائياً لصالح الإناث. كما أشارت المعطيات المتعلقة بالرؤيا المستقبلية للطلبة ما بعد التخرج إلى أن ما نسبته (62%) من الطلبة يرغبون بالحصول على وظيفة سواءً بالقطاع العام أو الخاص، و(24%) منهم يتطلعون لإنشاء مشروع خاص بهم سواءً كان المشروع ضمن التخصص، أو بعيد عن التخصص، بينما ما نسبته (14%) يفكرون بالهجرة والعمل خارج البلاد. وأوصت الدراسة بأهمية توفير مساحات للإرشاد التربوي الفعال في المرحلة الثانوية، والإرشاد الأكاديمي في الجامعات والكليات وفق أسس علمية مدروسة وممنهجة والأخذ بالنتائج من قبل الجامعات.
IN TRANSITION - Mathematics and Art
Authors: Peltonen Kirsi
Published: October 2021

Aalto University has been able to create a fruitful frame for activitiesenhancing interaction between mathematics, art and architecture. One of the most recent highlights of this progress was a student exhibition titled `'IN TRANSITION -- Mathematics and Art' [12] at Espoo Cultural Centre [9].The exhibition was further extended to the Aalto Math&Arts exhibition inShanghai ([3],[25]). In this paper we describe our long-lasting open-mindedcollaboration to build a minor in Mathematics and Arts that is useful fromfreshmen to PhD students across the conventional barriers between disciplines. A dialogue between scientific and artistic practices break clichés related to mathematics by bringing deep phenomena in the field to the level of human experience. Challenges and future scenarios are discussed broadly. 
Some ideas about the present state of Aalto Math and Arts can be found in[2].
Realization of Speech Act of Permission by Kurdish EFL University Students
Authors: Alzeebaree Yaseen
Published: October 2021

This study aims to examine Kurdish EFL university students’ development of L2 pragmatic competence by investigating their performance of the speech acts of permission. The methodology of this study was a combined research method, which comprises a quantitative and a qualitative method (mixed method). Total of 97 participants were involved in this research study. 83 (33 males and 50 females) were from four state universities and one private university in the Iraqi Kurdistan region and 14 were native speakers of English. A discourse completion test (DCT) was used to elicit the required data from participants. The study used convenience sampling for the participants because both native and non-native participants were selected on the basis of their availability. The data were coded and analysed quantitatively in terms of overall strategy use and strategy patterns. The findings revealed that there were differences in the frequency and percentages of strategies and semantic formulae in performing the speech act. KEFLUS tended to use more direct and explicit. There were more politeness and implicitness in NSE' behaviours in performing the speech act, which might have resulted from the lack of pragmatic competence of KEFLUS.
Lexical and Structural Ambiguity in Machine Translation: An Analytical Study
Authors: Alzeebaree Yaseen
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the difficulties facing Machine Translation (Google) particularly those related to lexis and structure. The researcher has chosen randomly two English and two Arabic texts about various sorts of translation: Media, Scientific, General and Economic. They were taken from several sources (websites, magazine.) to be translated automatically (Google) and humanly from Arabic to English and vice versa. Then they were analyzed to see the challenges that face Machine Translation (Google). The results of the study indicate that MT is problematic and has many challenges concerning lexis such as (Deletions, non-vocalizations, multiple meanings, collocations, additions and acronyms) and syntax like: word order, verb-subject agreement, passive voice etc.  On the basis of the results of the study, the researcher recommended that further work needs to be done to create a system that comprises syntax, morphology and semantics of all languages.
Narrativas en discapacidad. Escuchando voces en la trayectoria educativa.
Authors: Jorge Iván Correa Alzate , Nataly Restrepo Restrepo , Juan Pablo Suárez Vallejo , Daniela Urrea Betancur , Dora Marcela Echavarría Luján , Kelly Stella Mosquera Valoyes , Erica Aristizábal Restrepo , Mónica Patricia Ochoa Ocampo
Published: October 2021

la posibilidad de construir este texto a partir de ocho narrativas, en las que el eje es la trayectoria educativa para personas con discapacidad, aporta miradas diversas desde la persona que la presenta, sus familias y docentes que interactúan con ellos, es un acercamiento a entender desde la investigación unas realidades presentes en la voz de quienes viven la situación, en este sentido la narrativa como método es una herramienta para cumplir el propósito de la investigación orientada a analizar los acontecimientos y transiciones en trayectorias educativas aportadas por personas con discapacidad, familias y docentes en el contexto de la educación inclusiva.
judicialização das questões ambientais e os seus impactos do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado
Authors: Araújo Jaiana Lopes de , Matos Ana Carolina Barbosa Pereira , Pereira Maria da Paz Kannock Alves
Published: October 2021

Após a edição da Constituição Federal de 1988, que estabeleceu capítulo próprio para tratar das questões ambientais, os temas relacionados ao direito ambiental têm recebido cada vez mais atenção dos legisladores pátrios. No que tange à aplicação das normas desse ramo do Direito, contudo, ainda é baixo o nível de efetivação das mesmas. Assim, tendo em vista a urgência na atualidade da tutela do meio ambiente, observa-se, também, uma crescente judicialização desses temas, com a transferência do Poder Executivo para o Poder Judiciário da responsabilidade de garantir a concretização da proteção ambiental. Considerando as diversas leis que foram elaboradas sobre direito ambiental, destaca-se a Lei 9.985, de 18 de julho de 2000, que instituiu o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza. Ela foi implantada para regulamentar o artigo 225, § 1º, incisos I, II, III e VII da Carta Magna. O seu destaque é proveniente de grande incidência nas jurisprudências dos tribunais brasileiros. Trata-se, de exemplo claro, de norma que a sua efetivação tem sido garantida por meio da intervenção do Judiciário sobre as políticas públicas ambientais promovidas pelo Poder Executivo. O objetivo precípuo deste trabalho é a realização de um estudo acerca dos efeitos jurídicos decorrentes desta busca do meio judicial para garantir a implementação das normas ambientais vigentes. Concluiu-se que a judicialização de questões ambientais é algo bastante comum, atualmente, como se pode verificar das diversas decisões proferidas em sede dos Tribunais Superiores referentes à implementação da Lei nº 9.985/2000. Por fim, verificou-se que de fato havia a necessidade de intervenção do Judiciário na tutela do tema, haja vista a urgência quanto à proteção ambiental, contudo, além de ocorrer uma clara interferência direta de um Poder sobre o outro, acarretando certo desequilíbrio entre os mesmos, a judicialização cada vez maior de uma série de direitos, como é o caso dos direitos ambientais, tem promovido uma maior sobrecarga para o Poder Judiciário, assim, colocando em xeque a eficácia das decisões judiciais.
Substitution Value of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Silage in Dairy Cow Diet
Authors: Han Kun-Jun , Albrecht Kenneth A.
Published: October 2021

Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) may serve as an alternative perennial forage crop in lowlands of the north central United States. Three feeding trials were conducted with Holstein cows (Bos taurus) at the early, mid, and late lactation stages to evaluate the impact of different cup plant silage substitution levels for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) silage mixture on milking cow performance. The concentrations of lignin and CP (crude protein) in the first cut and regrowth cup plant silage were lower than alfalfa silage. Substituting one-half of the silage reduced voluntary dry matter (DM) intake of early lactation stage cows by 11%. Although milk composition was not changed by the substitution, the 4% FCM (fat corrected milk) production was reduced by 7.5%. Another feeding trial tested substitution of one-third and two-thirds of the silage for mid-lactation cows. Increasing cup plant silage up to two-thirds of the forage portion in the diet reduced DM intakes and 4% FCM production by 21.8 and 8.7%, respectively. Milk composition did not change. Cow bodyweight was reduced as the substitution rate increased. Finally, a feeding trial with late-lactation cows indicated substitution of one-fourth of the silage performed equivalent in DM intake, milk composition, and milk production to those of cows fed a low forage diet (50% alfalfa-corn silage in diet), or a high forage diet (66% alfalfa-corn silage in diet). Based on the results of the three feeding trials, it is concluded that cup plant silage can substitute mixture of alfalfa-corn silage at up to 30% of the forage portion in diets without substantial negative impacts on the performance of dairy cows, especially during late lactation.
Asian Rust Severity in Soybean Sown in December and February in Mato Grosso State
Authors: Reis Erlei Melo , Guerra Wanderlei Dias , Zambolim Laércio , Juliatti Fernando C. , Menten José Otávio , Zanatta Mateus , Belufi Luana Maria de Rossi
Published: October 2021

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of December sowing time with February on the Asian soybean rust severity. In on-farm trials two soybean treatments sowing in December (2020) (DSS.) and February (2021) (FSS) were assessed for Asian soybean rust severity in 24 sites, in three regions of Mato Grosso state. The DSS treatment was established in the growers commercial farms and the FSS in a 5 ha area sown specifically for this treatment. The DSS treatment was conducted in 16 sites and the FSS in eigth. For rust control fungicides with efficacy higher than 60% were sprayed consisting of DMIs, QoIs and SDHIs in double or triple mixtures, always added by multisites (chlorothalonil, mancozeb, or copper oxychloride). About eighty soybean leaflets from four plots repetitiond, demarcated at random in each field, were taken in each smpling. In laboratory leaflet severity was appraised and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) calculated. Related to DSS, the AUDPC overall mean was 174 units and receiving 6.9 fungicide spraying and for FSS 26 units with 4.8 fungicide sprayings. Our results reinforce that the sowing time can be changed from the end of December to February to maintain soybean crop sustainability.
Fungi Resistance to Multissite Fungicides
Authors: Reis Erlei Melo , Guerra Wanderlei Dias , Reis Andrea Camargo , Zanatta Mateus , Carmona Marcelo , Sautura Francisco
Published: October 2021

Multisite fungicides have been used for many years in fruit and vegetable crops worldwide. Cases of the fungi resistance development to these fungicides have been rare. From the 2002 season onwards, with the outbreak of Asian soybean rust in Brazil, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, site-specific fungicides became the main weapon for its control. From 2002 to 2011, penetrant mobile site-specific fungicides were used and until today in double (DMI + QoI) or triple (DMI + QoI + SDHI) co-formulatoons in an area of more than 30 million hectares and with three sprays per area. This resulted, as expected, in the fungus sensitivity reduction, today with cross and multiple resistance to those site-specific fungicides. From the 2011 season in an attempt to recover control that for some chemicals and mixtures reached < 30%, research was started with site-specific + multi-site mixtures, taking as example Phytophthora infestans resistance development to metalaxyl in Europe showinig long-lasting solution found by the addition of multisite mancozeb. It is expected that the effective life of site-specific + multi-site mixtures may be as long in controlling soybean rust as it has been for potato, tomato and grape downy mildews. This review presents the concepts involved in the sensitivity reduction to fungicides. Some fungal species and fungicides involved are listed. Considering the P. pachyrhizi sporulation potential, the great soybean area sprayed and the number of sprays per area mainly with site-specific co-formulations and the reduced area sprayed with multisites, we discuss the need for annual monitoring of P. pachyrhizi sensitivity to the these chemicals.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 13, No. 11
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: October 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 13, No. 11, 2021.
Mycorrhizal Association in Wheat Genotypes Submitted to Variable Irrigation in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Méndez Daniel Fernando Salas , Paula Alessandra Monteiro de , Ramos Maria Lucrécia Gerosa , Junior Walter Quadros Ribeiro , Busato Jader Galba , Soares Guilherme Filgueira , Lima Cristiane Andréa de
Published: October 2021

Mycorrhizal association contributes to plant growth, influencing tolerance to abiotic stresses such as water deficit. There is considerable variation in infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in cultivars of the same crop, but there is little information regarding these differences in wheat. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of water deficit on the arbuscular mycorrhizal association in wheat genotypes in the Cerrado region and the association between soil attributes and mycorrhizal colonization. The experiment was conducted in a no-till system, using different water regimes. The experimental design was a randomized block with subdivided plots scheme, with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions. The plots consisted of 4 wheat genotypes and the subplots included 3 water regimes. Mycorrhizal colonization, soil microbial biomass carbon, total soil organic carbon, easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein, spore number and AMF species diversity were evaluated. Mycorrhizal colonization was not influenced by wheat genotypes, but it was favored by the higher water regime, being 44.8% higher when compared to the lower water regime. The soil moisture was positively correlated with the soil attributes with the exception of the number of AMF spores. The community of AMF associated with wheat genotypes was similar, comprising of 12 species, predominantly Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Glomus macrocarpum. The low variation among wheat genotypes for AMF diversity suggests no selective influence of the plants on the AMF community in the area of the study. Water regime was shown to be a dominant factor in mycorrhizal association.
Influence of Farmer Capacity Building in Financial Resource Mobilization on Performance of Smallholder Irrigation Projects in Migori County, Kenya
Authors: Asawo L. O. , Aseey A. , Chandi J. R.
Published: October 2021

The study examined influence of farmer capacity building in financial resource mobilization on performance of smallholder irrigation projects in Migori County, Kenya. The study adopted pragmatism as its philosophy, and used cross sectional and correlation research design. The target population was 2,815, and comprised farmers from fifteen smallholder irrigation projects that receive water from River Kuja through Lower Kuja Project. The sample size was 341 farmers. The study used systematic random sampling to draw the sample, used questionnaire to collect data, and analyzed data using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that farmer capacity building in financial resource mobilization has a significant influence on performance of smallholder irrigation projects (r = 801, R2 = 0.641, F (5, 331) = 118.405, 0.000 < p < 0.05). Therefore, the study concluded that financial resource mobilization is a critical factor in performance of smallholder irrigation projects in Migori County. Consequently, the study recommends that Migori County Government educate farmers in smallholder irrigation projects on loan facilities by financial institutions. Further, the study recommends that Migori County develop a framework to assist farmers in smallholder irrigation projects to qualify for loans facilities operated by financial institutions.
Agronomical Performances of Angolan Natural Oil Palm Accessions and Interests for Oil Palm Selection in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Adon Benjamin , Konan Jean Noel , Cochard Benoît , Flori Albert , Diabaté Sekou , Bakoumé Claude , Sokouri Didier Paulin
Published: October 2021

In Côte d’Ivoire, Deli populations, descendants of four oil palms, constituted Group A of the recurrent reciprocal selection. Their genetic base was narrow, an obstacle to long-term genetic progress. Therefore, Angolan oil palm accessions were acquired to broaden Group A’s genetic base. Angola selfed and Deli × Angola progenies were tested via Angola selfed × La Mé and (Deli × Angola) × La Mé intergroup hybrids for bunch and oil production, height growth, and tolerance to Fusarium in two progeny trials; one in La Mé (Côte d’Ivoire) and the other one in Bangun Bandar (Indonesia). On average, bunch yield (183 kg/palm/year) and oil yield (5.34 t/ha) were close to those of the control. The best 5 hybrids represented 104-112% of the control all traits put together. In addition, Angolan origin has transmitted tolerance to Fusarium to its progenies (Fusarium index = 80-90). [(Deli × Angola)’s LM 5448 T] × La Mé hybrids yielded 241.4 kg/palm/year of bunch and 7.30 t/ha of palm oil. Their mean height was comparable to that of the control and the Fusarium index low (82). Therefore, LM 5448 T was selected for further crop improvements. The modalities of its use were proposed.
The Srebrenica massacre of 1995 is the biggest triumph of propaganda
Authors: Atlagić Marko , Martinović Aleksandar
Published: October 2021

There was no genocide against the Muslim population in Srebrenica in July 1995 because genocide did not occur. Crimes were committed in Srebrenica. The Republika Srpska Army did not intend to commit genocide. Searching in their research, the authors could not find a single statement by Republika Srpska officials who, before the war, during the war or during Operation Srebrenica, stated that they wanted to destroy the Muslim population, their language or script or cultural and religious monuments. During the liberation of Srebrenica, the Republika Srpska Army passed through 42 Muslim villages and did not leave behind a single killed civilian, woman, child or wounded. That was the biggest surprise for the directors of the war and Srebrenica. Furthermore, the Army of the Republika Srpska had no plan to destroy the Muslim population or capture Srebrenica, it just wanted to reduce the enclave to Srebrenica. The crime in Srebrenica was prepared by Bill Clinton, Alija Izetbegović and Franjo Tuđman. Clinton told Izetbegović that at least 5,000 Muslims must be killed for NATO to bomb Serbs. That is why the Muslim population and Muslim forces were sacrificed. Alija Izetbegović and Bill Clinton played a game about the number of crimes in Srebrenica. They needed a large number of victims, because the United States and the Croats agreed to expel 250,000 Serbs from Krajina in the criminal action "Storm". In order not to talk about the ethnic cleansing of Serbs from Krajina and Croatia, they needed Srebrenica victims to talk about them. That is why they needed the number of over 5,000 Muslim victims. There were no children or women among the Muslim victims found, and they are the key to reproduction. This means that the Serbs did not intend to destroy the Muslim population, which is another proof that there was no genocide in Srebrenica. Based on relevant witnesses of foreign provenance, as well as relevant sources, both domestic and foreign, starting from the definition of genocide, the authors came to the conclusion that there was no genocide in Srebrenica. Genocide never happened. A major crime occurred, after 3,000 Serbs were killed in and around Srebrenica and 200 Serb villages burned. And because of that, the United States, Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović needed Srebrenica in order not to talk about Serb victims, but about Srebrenica victims.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PARACETAMOL AND TAPENTADOL IN TABLETS BY RATIO SPECTRA DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Bhavin Shah Esha , Anuradha Gajjar
Published: October 2021

The application of the ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry to the simultaneous determination of Paracetamol (PCM) and Tapentadol (TAP) in combined pharmaceutical tablets is presented. The spectrophotometric procedure is based on the use of the first derivative of the ratio spectra obtained by dividing the absorption spectrum of the binary mixtures by a standard spectrum of one of the compounds. The first derivative amplitudes were measured at 220 and 232 nm for the assay of TAP and PCM, respectively. Calibration graphs were established for 1-5 μg mL-1 for TAP and 6.5-32.5 μg mL-1 for PCM in binary mixture. The detection limits for TAP and PCM were found 0.098 and 0.595 μg mL-1, respectively, while the quantification limits were 0.298 μg mL-1 for TAP and 1.805 μg/ml for PCM. The relative standard deviations were found to be less than 2%, indicating reasonable repeatability of both methods. The proposed methods were hence validated as per ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the determination of these drugs in commercial tablets.
Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis of Electric Vehicles of Twitter Data
Authors: Suresha H. P. , Kumar Tiwari Krishna
Published: October 2021

Twitter is a well-known social media tool for people to communicate their thoughts and feelings about products or services. In this project, I collect electric vehicles related user tweets from Twitter using Twitter API and analyze public perceptions and feelings regarding electric vehicles. After collecting the data, To begin with, as the first step, I built a pre-processed data model based on natural language processing (NLP) methods to select tweets. In the second step, I use topic modeling, word cloud, and EDA to examine several aspects of electric vehicles. By using Latent Dirichlet allocation, do Topic modeling to infer the various topics of electric vehicles. The topic modeling in this study was compared with LSA and LDA, and I found that LDA provides a better insight into topics, as well as better accuracy than LSA.In the third step, the “Valence Aware Dictionary (VADER)” and “sEntiment Reasoner (SONAR)” are used to analyze sentiment of electric vehicles, and its related tweets are either positive, negative, or neutral. In this project, I collected 45000 tweets from Twitter API, related hashtags, user location, and different topics of electric vehicles. Tesla is the top hashtag Twitter users tweeted while sharing tweets related to electric vehicles. Ekero Sweden is the most common location of users related to electric vehicles tweets. Tesla is the most common word in the tweets related to electric vehicles. Elon-musk is the common bi-gram found in the tweets related to electric vehicles. 47.1% of tweets are positive, 42.4% are neutral, and 10.5% are negative as per VADER Finally, I deploy this project work as a fully functional web app.
Happiness among Undergraduates: What is the Role of Humour Styles?
Authors: Emmanuel Mabia Chidozie , Edwin Nwafor Chidozie , Okonkwo Kizto Ifunanya , A. Nwankwo Emeka , Kandilichukwu Officha Paschal , Nweke Kingsley Onyibo , Uche Ezeakabekwe Samuel , Chineze Enike Tobias , Udensi Chidiebere , Henry Eweni Ikemefuna
Published: October 2021

Hedonism theory and desire theory assumed that internal factors (humour styles) may explain happiness among undergraduates. In the current study, the assumption is tested among 226 undergraduates of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Ages of the participants were 18-40 years (M= 21.66 years, SD= 3.10). Two scales were used to collect data for the study: Subjective happiness scale (SHS) and humour styles questionnaire (HSQ). The study adopted correlation design and the hypothesis was tested with multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that humour styles; affiliative humour, self-enhancing humour and self-defeating humour significantly predicted happiness while aggressive humour did not. The outcome of the study suggested for the first time a framework for understanding the role of humour styles on happiness. It was suggested that affiliative, self-enhancing and self-defeating humour styles should be encouraged and included in the University’s programs as part of general studies, routine seminars, conferences and orientations of new students.
Assessment of Fertility Effect and Hypolipidemic Activity of Carica papaya (Linn) Leaf Methanol Extract in Male Diabetic Rats
Authors: O. Ayodele Opeyemi , M. Dada Ifeoluwa , K. Adekunle Rotimi
Published: October 2021

Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that leads to other microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetes affects fertility and blood clotting, and also cause impaired lipid profile thus leading to increased atherogenic risks and coronary diseases. This research investigates the effects of Carica papaya leaf methanol extract on fertility indices and lipid profile of male diabetic rats.

Methodology: Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated orally with 100 and 200 mg/kg C. papaya methanol extract for 14 days. At the end of administration, the plasma glucose concentration and lipid profile were assayed by spectrophotometric methods; seminal analysis was carried out for evaluation of morphology, motility and sperm count under the microscope. The bleeding and clotting times of the rats were also determined.

Results: C. papaya leaf methanol extract caused significant (p = 0.05) reduction in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C, LDL-C, bleeding and clotting times of diabetic treated rats, while the HDL-C of treated groups were significantly (p = 0.05) elevated compared to the diabetic control. Percentage normal cells were lower in diabetic control rats (41.4±4.4%) and C. papaya treated groups (50.0±8.5% for 100 mg/kg; 47.5±9.1% for 200 mg/kg) compared with the normal control group (69.5±5.6%). Similar results were recorded for sperm count. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, anthraquinone, tannin, and other bioactive compounds.

Conclusion: findings from this study indicated that C. papaya leaf methanol extract could possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. Thus, could be considered as a potential source of bio pharmacological agent for management and control of DM and its complications. Prolonged administration of C. papaya leaves may negatively affect male fertility.