bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abl2:Cortactin Interactions Regulate Dendritic Spine Stability via Control of a Stable Filamentous Actin Pool
Authors: Shaw Juliana E. , Kilander Michaela B.C. , Lin Yu-Chih , Koleske Anthony J.
Published: February 2021

Dendritic spines act as the receptive contacts at most excitatory synapses. Spines are enriched in a network of actin filaments comprised of two kinetically distinct pools. The majority of spine actin is highly dynamic and regulates spine size, structural plasticity, and postsynaptic density organization. The remainder of the spine actin network is more stable, but the function of this minor actin population is not well understood, as tools to study it have not been available. Previous work has shown that disruption of the Abl2/Arg nonreceptor tyrosine kinase in mice compromises spine stability and size. Here, using cultured hippocampal neurons pooled from both sexes of mice, we provide evidence that binding to cortactin tethers Abl2 in spines, where Abl2 and cortactin maintain the small pool of stable actin required for dendritic spine stability. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of GFP-actin, we find that disruption of Abl2:cortactin interactions eliminates stable actin filaments in dendritic spines, significantly reducing spine density. A subset of spines remaining after Abl2 depletion retain their stable actin pool and undergo activity-dependent spine enlargement, associated with increased cortactin and GluN2B levels. Finally, tonic increases in synaptic activity rescue spine loss following Abl2 depletion by promoting cortactin enrichment in vulnerable spines. Together, our findings strongly suggest that Abl2:cortactin interactions promote spine stability by maintaining pools of stable actin filaments in spines.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDendritic spines contain two kinetically distinct pools of actin. The more abundant, highly dynamic pool regulates spine shape, size, and plasticity. The function of the smaller, stable actin network is not well understood, as tools to study it have not been available. We demonstrate here that Abl2 and its substrate and interaction partner, cortactin, are essential to maintain the stable pool in spines. Depletion of the stable actin pool via disruption of Abl2 or cortactin, or interactions between the proteins, significantly reduces spine stability. We also provide evidence that tonic increases in synaptic activity promote spine stability via enrichment of cortactin in spines, suggesting that synaptic activity acts on the stable actin pool to stabilize dendritic spines.
Parallel and Serial Sensory Processing in Developing Primary Somatosensory and Motor Cortex
Authors: Gómez Lex J. , Dooley James C. , Sokoloff Greta , Blumberg Mark S.
Published: February 2021

It is generally supposed that primary motor cortex (M1) receives somatosensory input predominantly via primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, a growing body of evidence indicates that M1 also receives direct sensory input from the thalamus, independent of S1; such direct input is particularly evident at early ages before M1 contributes to motor control. Here, recording extracellularly from the forelimb regions of S1 and M1 in unanesthetized rats at postnatal day (P)8 and P12, we compared S1 and M1 responses to self-generated (i.e., reafferent) forelimb movements during active sleep and wake, and to other-generated (i.e., exafferent) forelimb movements. At both ages, reafferent responses were processed in parallel by S1 and M1; in contrast, exafferent responses were processed in parallel at P8 but serially, from S1 to M1, at P12. To further assess this developmental difference in processing, we compared exafferent responses to proprioceptive and tactile stimulation. At both P8 and P12, proprioceptive stimulation evoked parallel responses in S1 and M1, whereas tactile stimulation evoked parallel responses at P8 and serial responses at P12. Independent of the submodality of exafferent stimulation, pairs of S1-M1 units exhibited greater coactivation during active sleep than wake. These results indicate that S1 and M1 independently develop somatotopy before establishing the interactive relationship that typifies their functionality in adults.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
Learning any new motor task depends on the ability to use sensory information to update motor outflow. Thus, to understand motor learning, we must also understand how animals process sensory input. Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and primary motor cortex (M1) are two interdependent structures that process sensory input throughout life. In adults, the functional relationship between S1 and M1 is well established; however, little is known about how S1 and M1 begin to transmit or process sensory information in early life. In this study, we investigate the early development of S1 and M1 as a sensory processing unit. Our findings provide new insights into the fundamental principles of sensory processing and the development of functional connectivity between these important sensorimotor structures.
Teaching strategies used in the training of the nurse-educator: an integrative review
Authors: Cecilio Sumaya Giarola , Gomes Andréa Tayse de Lima , Goulart Clarissa Fernandes , Vieira Letícia Gonçalves , Gazzinelli Maria Flávia
Published: February 2021

Objective: to investigate which teaching strategies are used in the training of the nurse-educator in nursing undergraduate courses at a national and international level. Methods: an integrative review carried out in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Current Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Web of Science, SCOPUS. No time limits were determined. Results: Based on the seven selected articles, different teaching strategies used in the training of nurse-educators in Nursing courses were identified in countries such as Brazil, United States of America, United Kingdom, Spain and Germany. The strategies identified were: Digital Teaching Materials, Role Playing Game, Problematization, Poetry, Practical Experience, Educational Games and Educational Action Formulation and Development. Conclusion: the strategies identified relate to the Modern-Traditional and Modern-Dialogical benchmarks, with little or no openness to sensitive, ethical-aesthetic-political experimentation in the fields of action that relate to Health Education.
El rol de las definiciones en la argumentación
Authors: Ortiz Gutiérrez Luis Enrique
Published: February 2021

El objetivo del presente escrito es analizar el rol que desempeñan las definiciones en los proceso argumentativos. Para ello, se tomarán diferentes ejemplos de textos escritos y discusiones para identificar los factores que motivan el uso de definiciones. Previamente, se revisarán algunos antecedentes históricos; particularmente, se polemizará con la postura de Karl R. Popper, quien sostiene que la discusión sobre definiciones es una actividad inútil para la filosofía y otras disciplinas.
Una evaluación de la distinción de Walton entre buenas y malas apelaciones a la ignorancia
Authors: Gariazzo León Matías
Published: February 2021

Douglas Walton (1992, 1996, 1999a, 2008) ha mostrado que muchas falacias son malas aplicaciones de estrategias argumentales que también admiten buenas aplicaciones. Entre estas estrategias se encuentra la apelación a la ignorancia. Este artículo tiene dos propósitos. En primer lugar, busca mostrar que los argumentos que Walton identifica como buenas apelaciones a la ignorancia sólo pueden considerarse apelaciones a la ignorancia si adoptamos una comprensión de esta categoría muy distinta a la tradicional, siendo además algunos de estos argumentos falaces. En segundo lugar, este artículo busca mostrar que hay determinados argumentos no considerados por Walton que podrían ser buenas apelaciones a la ignorancia, entendiendo esta categoría del modo tradicional. No obstante, la cuestión de su corrección enfrenta interrogantes que dejo abiertas.
MARKET MODEL FOR MANAGEMENT OF PROFIT IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Angelova Jordanka
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the report is to presents a model for profit optimization and management, which takes into account both the quantity of sales, prices, costs and other factors, as well as new factors related to market and competitors - market share, prices, quality and marketing costs of competitors and others. There are listed features, limitations and advantages of the model. For more clarity, the presentation of the model is accompanied by two main types of tasks related to optimal prices, strategies and costs for the industrial enterprise.
THE STUDENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF TERTIARY EDUCATION AS A MAIN FOCTOR FOR HR SUSTAINABLE CAPACITY EVALUATION - NATIONAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Radev Radko
Published: February 2021

The main goal of the current publication is to presents the specific result from the analysis of the most important PESTEL factors, identified as crucial for the HR Sustainable Capacity evaluation. It examines the students enrolled in higher education. The methodological framework, through which the goal is achieved, consists of four steps: first - the number and the types of higher educational institutions accredited in Bulgaria is identified (there are four types of 54 institutions); second - the gender structure of the students is analyzed, which testifies to the fact that there is domination of the female part of them (the number of the women amounts to 130’803, which is 54.0% of the total of students, the male students amounting to 112’396 or 46%.); third - the number and structure of the students from different degrees is presented, as well as their geographical distribution of the higher degree students - there are four main cities with more than 10’ 000 bachelor students (Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Veliko Tarnovo), where 2/3 of all bachelor and master degree students are educated. The conclusion is that the number of students (including graduating ones) studying at the different universities in Bulgaria are a very important part of the HR sustainable capacity evaluation on national and regional level.
The addition of Capsicum baccatum to Calabrian monovarietal extra virgin olive oils leads to flavoured olive oils with enhanced oxidative stability
Authors: Plastina Pierluigi , Tundis Rosa , La Torre Chiara , Sicari Vincenzo , Giuffré Angelo Maria , Neri Alessandro , Bonesi Marco , Leporini Mariarosaria , Fazio Alessia , Falco Tiziana , Loizzo Monica R.
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Capsicum baccatum L. Aji Angelo and Bishop crown cultivars to the quality parameters of flavoured olive oils (FOOs) obtained by the addition of both fresh and dried pepper powders (1%) to Dolce di Rossano and Roggianella monovarietal extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs). First, pepper extracts were investigated for their total phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid content as well as phenolic acids, fatty acid profile, and vitamin C and E content. In order to evaluate the impact of both fresh and dried peppers on the oxidative stability of FOOs, the Rancimat test was applied. 2,2-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ?-carotene bleaching (B-CB) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to investigate the antioxidant potential. Bishop crown dried extracts showed the highest phenolic, carotenoid and vitamin content, whereas Aji Angelo had the highest amount of capsaicinoids. Among EVOOs, Roggianella EVOO showed the highest antioxidant activity as well as the highest induction time (39.6 h). Remarkably, FOO obtained by the addition of Bishop crown dried pepper extract to Roggianella EVOO showed a higher induction time (44.9 h) with respect to the corresponding EVOO.
Analisis Maslahah dan Akuntabilitas sebagai Prinsip Manajemen Aset Wakaf Kontemporer
Authors: Lusiana Isnaini Julianinggar , Wiji Utami Hapsari
Published: February 2021

Digital technology is increasingly fast and easy to create great opportunities for caring action and socio-philanthropic activities. This development has also become a motivation for zakat institutions in order to improve and increase their management activities oriented towards improving strategic management, so that their existence can continue and expand. All opportunities for new strategies and approaches are optimally absorbed and implemented so that they can be carried out without taking long. Coupled with the role of the state as a regulator by making laws and regulations and the implementation of zakat management run smoothly and orderly and further increasing the innovation of zakat management institutions, especially amil in its management, including the distribution of zakat benefits. Using a qualitative literature study research method, the researcher intends to analyze (1) Islamic law studies related to zakat management including distribution and utilization, then formulate (2) zakat empowerment strategies, so that (3) empowerment program designs for the poor are based on MUI Fatwa Number 14. 2011 concerning the Distribution of Zakat Assets in the Form of Managed Assets. Researchers obtained primary data sources through the interaction of online communication media with several devices in zakat institutions when researchers were doing internships. Secondary data comes from journal articles, scientific papers, and papers accessed via the internet. As a result, the preparation of empowerment program planning needs to pay attention to the provisions of the MUI Fatwa Number 14 of 2011 which applies and requires a mature management strategy in all series of activities, coupled with appropriate and competent resources, principles of innovation and full creativity in management so that program design can be realized in accordance with legal provisions regulating the optimal allocation of zakat assets so as to be able to grow an independent generation of dhuafa.
Analisis Implementasi Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) Perspektif Prinsip Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Rahayu Riska Delta , Agustianto Moh. Andre
Published: February 2021

Waqf played two important roles in Islamic history, namely in economic as well as social. An innovation in developing waqf is the Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) which is an integration between the waqf funds invested through State Sharia Securities (SBSN) or Sukuk. This study aims to examine the role of CWLS in the economy and society based on an Islamic economic perspective. This research is a type of library research (literature study) with a qualitative approach. The implementation of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk management has been carried out in accordance with an Islamic economic perspective which is based on sharia principles and has been determined in accordance with the DSN-MUI Fatwa on Sukuk Waqf. The results of the study reveal that the implementation of CWLS has also met the required pillars and in managing the waqf funds it is allocated for halal activities and according to sharia principles. Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk has the potential for economic and social development in society because it aims to achieve the benefit and welfare of the community in general
Prevalencia y factores asociados a la intención de vacunación contra la COVID-19 en el Perú
Authors: Herrera-Añazco Percy , Uyen-Cateriano Angela , Urrunaga-Pastor Diego , Bendezu-Quispe Guido , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos J. , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Hernandez Adrian V. , Benites-Zapata Vicente Aleixandre
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la intención de vacunación (IDV) contra la COVID-19 en el Perú.
Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico utilizando la encuesta realizada por Universidad de Maryland, EUA, en Facebook. Las variables dependientes fueron la IDV. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas, con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%), mediante modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson, para evaluar la asociación de variables sociodemográficas, cumplimiento de estrategias comunitarias de mitigación, síntomas de COVID-19, salud mental y aceptación de la vacunación ante la recomendación (AVR) por diversos actores y autoridades sanitarias, con la IDV.
Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 17.162 adultos. La prevalencia general de IDV fue de 74,9%. Se asoció a menor prevalencia de IDV el sexo femenino, vivir en un pueblo o zona rural y la AVR de políticos, RP=0,95 (IC95%:0,94-0,96), RP=0,95 (IC95%:0,91-0,99), RP=0,90 (IC95%:0,86-0,93) y RP=0,89 (IC95%:0,87-0,91); respectivamente. Contrariamente, tener síntomas de COVID-19, inseguridad económica, miedo a que un familiar enferme de COVID-19, síntomas depresivos y la AVR de familiares y amigos, trabajadores de la salud, organización mundial de la salud y funcionarios del gobierno se asociaron con mayor prevalencia de IDV, RP=1,05 (IC95%:1,03-1,08), RP=1,03 (IC95%:1,01-1,06), RP=1,48 (IC95%:1,35-1,63), RP=1,03 (IC95%:1,01-1,06), RP=1,10 (IC95%:1,08-1,12), RP=1,29 (IC95%:1,26-1,32), RP=1,34 (IC95%:1,29-1,40) y RP=1,18 (IC95%:1,15-1,21); respectivamente.
Conclusión: Tres cuartas partes de los encuestados manifiestan IDV. Existen factores potencialmente modificables que podrían mejorar la aceptación de la vacuna.
Facile approach for modulating wetting of hierarchically structured metallic surface
Authors: Ivvala Jayanth , Mandal Priya , Arora Harpreet Singh , Grewal Harpreet Singh
Published: February 2021

In this study, the authors fabricated a hierarchically structured aluminum surface through facile hot-water treatment and abrasive machining. The developed surfaces were composed of nanoflakes exhibiting extreme wetting states, superhydrophilicity (θ s less than 5°) and superhydrophobicity (θ s greater than 150°) following salinization. The engendered surface morphologies composed of different length scales showed a significant influence on the wetting and durability characteristics. The stability of the observed Cassie state showed a direct correlation with the geometric parameters, particularly the interspatial distance. The critical surface tension for the transition from the Cassie to the Wenzel state increased with the interspatial distance. The surfaces structured with a smaller interspatial distance also exhibited high wetting resilience under dynamic conditions involving single-droplet impacts corresponding to We = 585 owing to a high negative capillary pressure. Further, the fine-structured hierarchical surfaces also exhibited appreciable antifogging and anticorrosion characteristics. Under simulated rain testing, the fine-structured hierarchical surfaces showed better durability than the coarser counterpart, enduring low contact angle hysteresis (CAH) (<10°) even after multiple cycles. Further, weathering tests performed on these samples showed an insignificant influence on their de-wettability. The present study highlights the fabrication of durable metallic surfaces through facile and sustainable fabrication method for multifunctional applications.
Synergistic effect of inhibitor mixture based on enhanced electron transfer
Authors: Han Peng , Wang Xiuzhi , Yang Xing , Xu Chenyang , Du Fei , Shi Liqing , Liu Ruiping , Song Liying , Zhang Junqing , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2021

The inhibition performance of a mixture of an imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt (IM) and octylphenol polyoxyethene ether (OP) (IMO) toward carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion of L245 steel in 3 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 25°C was studied using electrochemical measurements. Notably, the inhibition efficiency of the IMO inhibitor stayed steadily in the long-term immersion test, and the inhibition efficiency increased with time. This was attributed to the improved electron-transfer performance between the inhibitor molecules and the metal surface. OP molecules promoted electrons to the metal, while IM molecules accepted electrons from the metal. The interactions between the inhibitor molecules and metal surface were enhanced, and the relative bonding intensities were improved. Moreover, the adsorption configurations of the mixture of IM and OP facilitated the improvement of the thickness and the compactness of the inhibitor layer. OP and IM showed a good synergistic inhibition effect.
Racial Disparities in Eligibility for Preemptive Waitlisting for Kidney Transplantation and Modification of eGFR Thresholds to Equalize Waitlist Time
Authors: Ku Elaine , McCulloch Charles E. , Adey Deborah B. , Li Libo , Johansen Kirsten L.
Published: February 2021

Significance Statement

Under current US national policy, determining a patient’s eligibility for kidney transplantation waitlist registration requires the patient’s GFR to be ≤20 ml/min. Because disease progression is faster for Black versus White patients, this policy may contribute to racial disparities in accruable time on the waitlist before dialysis initiation. The authors used models to determine the association between race and time to ESKD from an eGFR of ≤20 ml/min per 1.73 m2, finding this time was shorter for Black versus White patients. They then estimated that allowing registration of Black patients on the transplant waitlist at higher levels of kidney function (as early as an eGFR of 24–25 ml/min per 1.73 m2) had the potential to reduce the observed disparities in accruable wait time.

Background

Patients may accrue wait time for kidney transplantation when their eGFR is ≤20 ml/min. However, Black patients have faster progression of their kidney disease compared with White patients, which may lead to disparities in accruable time on the kidney transplant waitlist before dialysis initiation.

Methods

We compared differences in accruable wait time and transplant preparation by CKD-EPI estimating equations in Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort participants, on the basis of estimates of kidney function by creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys), or both (eGFRcr-cys). We used Weibull accelerated failure time models to determine the association between race (non-Hispanic Black or non-Hispanic White) and time to ESKD from an eGFR of ≤20 ml/min per 1.73 m2. We then estimated how much higher the eGFR threshold for waitlisting would be required to achieve equity in accruable preemptive wait time for the two groups.

Results

By eGFRcr, 444 CRIC participants were eligible for waitlist registration, but the potential time between eGFR ≤20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ESKD was 32% shorter for Blacks versus Whites. By eGFRcys, 435 participants were eligible, and Blacks had 35% shorter potential wait time compared with Whites. By the eGFRcr-cys equation, 461 participants were eligible, and Blacks had a 31% shorter potential wait time than Whites. We estimated that registering Blacks on the waitlist as early as an eGFR of 24–25 ml/min per 1.73 m2 might improve racial equity in accruable wait time before ESKD onset.

Conclusions

Policies allowing for waitlist registration at higher GFR levels for Black patients compared with White patients could theoretically attenuate disparities in accruable wait time and improve racial equity in transplant access.
Polución del aire
Authors: Soto-Ruiz Xavier , Velázquez-González Héctor José , Vélez-González Verónica
Published: February 2021

Introducción: la Organización Mundial de la Salud constituye la polución del aire como el mayor riesgo ambiental a la salud física de los seres humanos. Objetivo: El objetivo fue reflexionar críticamente en torno a las implicaciones psicológicas que conlleva la contaminación del aire.  Se ponderó la convergencia entre la percepción de la contaminación del aire con síntomas de ansiedad, con una mirada particular desde experiencias de la población puertorriqueña.

Método: se realizó una revisión teórica que comprendió el período de 1990 al 2018 y una reflexión de los hallazgos identificados en la literatura con una atención principal en el rol de la psicología como disciplina que propicia transformaciones sociales.

Resultados: la polución del aire afecta prácticamente todos los países del mundo.  Se desconoce cuál es el umbral de tiempo biológicamente relevante a la exposición al material particulado fino; una exposición prolongada podría tener mayores efectos sobre la salud mental. La polución del aire y la sintomatología ansiosa se estudia recientemente, sin embargo, aún sin evidencia empírica concluyente.

Conclusiones: reflexionar sobre las consecuencias a la salud mental producto de la polución del aire es meritorio si se aspira a una mejor calidad de vida y un ambiente natural saludable.  Se hace un llamado a la comunidad psicológica a observar los factores ambientales en el contexto clínico como variables influyentes en el bienestar y la conducta del individuo, a considerar alternativas novedosas terapéuticas y a ejercer un rol vocal en la lucha comunitaria.
Evaluación de cinco protocolos estándar para la obtención de plasma rico en plaquetas en caninos
Authors: Fariña Sirandoni Pablo Antonio , Pulgar Aguila Rodrigo Ambrosio , Molina Cofré Alejandro Ignacio
Published: February 2021

Introducción: el uso de plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) ha tomado gran importancia durante los últimos años, lo que ha demostrado su utilidad en el tratamiento de algunas patologías. Por otra parte, no se encuentra adecuada información sobre los procesos más eficientes de obtención, que garanticen la concentración mínima deseada para los propósitos terapéuticos. Este estudio comparó cinco protocolos conocidos de obtención de PRP y estableció el mejor rendimiento para determinar qué protocolo de PRP ofrece el mayor número de plaquetas con los implementos de uso corriente en la clínica.

Metodología: se compararon cinco protocolos estándar clásicos recomendados por la literatura internacional, por su capacidad de lograr altas concentraciones de plaquetas. Se utilizó sangre de caninos con un hemograma normal para evaluar cada protocolo, vía conteo del PRP de cada uno de ellos.

Resultados: se realizó conteo plaquetario y se encontró en un 163 % para el protocolo C, seguido por protocolo B, E, D y A con un 96 %, 8,62 %, 6,38 % y 4,47 %, respectivamente.

Conclusiones: existe variabilidad de concentración de plaquetas entre los diferentes protocolos, en este caso, el protocolo C dio mejores resultados, siendo el que demanda un número menor de revoluciones y tiempo para la obtención de PRP.
Tracking disappeared species II. : Occurrence of Coleophora salicorniae in Hungary (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae)
Authors: Szabóky Csaba , Takács Attila
Published: February 2021

A revision of the Coleophora collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum three years ago revealed that identification of specimens treated as Coleophora salicorniae Heinemann et Wocke, 1877 was incorrect. The species is lacking from the collection. However, several papers mention C. salicorniae as present in Hungary. During the last two years this species was found in two new localities by the authors, compared to previous studies. Larva, case and adult of the species are illustrated, and image of habitat as well as the distribution map in Hungary are presented. With 5 figures.
First record of Thysanoplusia orichalcea in Hungary (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae)
Authors: Balogh Diána , Tóth Balázs
Published: February 2021

One Thysanoplusia orichalcea female specimen was collected in Szakály, Tolna county, for the first time in Hungary. Occurrence of the species in Hungary is not unexpected, and it could repeatedly migrate to Central Europe in the next years due to climate change. With 3 figures.
Properties of Milk Treated with High-Power Ultrasound and Bactofugation
Authors: Juraga Edita , Vukušić Pavičić Tomislava , Gajdoš Kljusurić Jasenka , Brnčić Mladen , Juraga Tomislav , Herceg Zoran
Published: February 2021

Research background. Two methods of milk treatment were used, ultrasound (innovative method) and bactofugation, after which the physicochemical and sensory properties of the milk were examined, with the primary aim of achieving the quality and consistency of the pasteurized milk.

Experimental approach. Ultrasound power of 200 and 400 W and frequency of 24 kHz with constant wave cycle were used. Milk treatment duration was 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 min with sonification at temperature of 20 °C (room temperature) and thermosonification (ultrasound at temperature higher than room temperature) at temperature of 55 °C. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of high-power ultrasound combined with a slightly increased temperature on whole, skimmed and skimmed cow's milk pretreated with bactofugation.

Results and conclusions. The best sensory grade was achieved when milk was treated with ultrasound power of 200 W at 20 °C for max. 7.5 min. This research shows the potential of the applications of high-power ultrasound in dairy industry combined with bactofugation as a pretreatment of milk at a slightly increased temperature (up to 55 °C).

Novelty and scientific contribution. The application of these two treatments requires milder processing conditions than pasteurization, it is economical and more environmentally friendly technological process that preserves better nutritional values of milk, which is preferred by costumers.
In vitro transcription of crRNA and tracrRNA from DNA oligos for cas9 enrichment and nanopore sequencing (for Bac - PULCE) v1
Authors: Silander Olin
Published: February 2021

For CRISPR-cas9 protocols including BAC-PULCE, T7 polymerase is used to transcribe the crRNA and tracrRNA to make dgRNA for cas9. The two components of the dual guides are the crRNA (containing your variable 20 nt target plus a 22 nt constant region) and the tracrRNA (a 72 nt constant region). We used a combination of these protocols: https://www.protocols.io/view/in-vitro-transcription-for-dgrna-3bpgimn /dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.3bpgimn https://international.neb.com/protocols/2013/04/02/standard-rna-synthesis-e2050 Nanopore protocol Cas-mediated PCR-free enrichment - please refer to this protocol in particular for further important detail around sequencing the DNA library. Using modified “In Vitro Transcription for dgRNA V.2” (Lyden et al 2019): In this protocol, we are designing crRNAs against which Cas9 will target. Using this sequence, we will add a T7 RNA polymerase binding site at the 5’ end, a 3’ tracrRNA binding site, and use the reverse complement of this to order our DNA oligos (below more details): Designing crRNAs using CHOPCHOPv3 (Labun et al 2019), insert your gene target and CHOPCHOP will find a sequence of 20nt’s that will end in an ‘NGG-3’ 5’----NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGG----3’ where 20Ns are your target site. Cas9 cuts between the 17th and 18th N of your target. The sequence of each crRNA should be as follows, with the Ns replaced by your 20 nt target: TAATACGACTCACTATAGNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGTTTTAGAGCTATGCTGTTTTG The underline portion is the T7 RNA polymerase binding site. The addition at the 3’ end represents the region to which an 18mer will bind, in order to allow T7 a double stranded binding site. 18mer T7: TAATACGACTCACTATAG
A Study of Consumption Alienation in Updike’s Works
Authors: Liu Qingzheng
Published: February 2021

Updike’s works reflect the characteristics of contemporary American society. There are many descriptions of consumerism in his works. The purpose of this paper is to present the consumption alienation in Updike’s works, to explore the survival predicament of people under the consumption alienation, and to point out its damage to the ecological environment.
Late Holocene Deformation near the Southern Limits of the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone of Kentucky and Indiana, Central United States, with Seismic Implications
Authors: Counts Ronald C. , Arsdale Roy Van , Woolery Edward , Murari Madhav K. , Owen Lewis A. , Glynn Beck E. , Mahan Shannon , Durbin James
Published: February 2021

The Wabash Valley seismic zone (WVSZ) is a region of diffuse, modern intraplate seismicity in the central United States with a history of strong, late Quaternary and Holocene seismicity as determined through paleoliquefaction studies. Yet, there are no specific faults linked to these strong WVSZ paleoearthquakes, some of which were as large as Mw 7.2–7.5. A multidisciplinary investigation of a linear, 5-kilometer-long and ∼3-meter-high scarp on the Ohio River floodplain in the southernmost WVSZ in western Kentucky evaluated whether the scarp is a fluvial landform or a tectonic feature. Geomorphic mapping and optically stimulated luminescence geochronology show that the age and orientation of the scarp are inconsistent with surrounding fluvial landforms. Trenching, core drilling, seismic reflection, electrical resistivity profiling, and cross sections of petroleum well logs all indicate a blind fault directly underlies the scarp. The scarp is interpreted to be the fold axis of a down-to-the-west monocline formed in alluvium by slip on the underlying blind fault, herein named the Uniontown fault. The Uniontown fault connects the Hovey Lake fault, striking N20°E and having   ∼0.5  km of documented strike-slip offset, with an unnamed fault complex to the south that strikes N40°E, suggesting the Uniontown fault is part of a larger, Paleozoic structure that has been reactivated with strike-slip deformation. Geomorphic mapping utilizing luminescence and radiocarbon geochronology indicates that folding and faulting occurred ∼3.5  ka. Paleoliquefaction was suppressed by a thick clay cap in the main Ohio Valley, but paleoliquefaction features are widespread on Ohio River tributaries. Gravel dikes at one site had a maximum age of 3.4±0.4  ka, confirming the region has experienced strong, late Holocene shaking. Estimates using vertical displacement and rupture length indicate that slip on the Uniontown scarp could produce an Mw 6.2–7.7 earthquake, which is comparable to other large paleoearthquakes in the WVSZ paleoseismic record.
Study of anti-inflammatory activity of Ficus racemosa linn stem bark extract in albino rats
Authors: B. N. Priya Mohan , Jayaram Suma , Kuriachan Sanitha
Published: February 2021

Background: Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli. Though there are standard anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, diclofenac, etc., these are not free of side effects. This has led to an increase in demand for natural products with anti-inflammatory activity having less side effects. Hence the study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Ficus racemose (EEFR) in albino rats.Methods: Healthy albino rats of either sex were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Group1-control, group 2-diclofenac sodium 2 mg/kg and group 3 and 4 EEFR (200 and 400 mg/kg respectively), anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Carrageenan induced paw oedema: formalin induced-peritonitis and cotton pellet induced granuloma model for in vivo activity and protein denaturation test for in vitro activity.Results: EEFR exhibited significant in vitro (p<0.001) anti-inflammatory effect at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. EEFR produced 61.37% inhibition at the dose of 400 mg/kg and diclofenac (standard drug) produced 62.95% of inhibition after 3 hours of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema. The exudate volume was decreased in formalin induced peritonitis by EEFR and diclofenac significantly (p<0.001). In cotton pellet induced granuloma EEFR (400 mg/kg) and diclofenac showed decreased formation of granuloma by 28.36% and 28.00% (p<0.001) respectively.Conclusions: EEFR has significant anti-inflammatory activity in both acute and chronic model in a dose dependant manner in comparison with standard drug.
Fractional erbium-YAG laser vs platelet rich plasma in acne scar: a comparative study
Authors: Kumari Neeti , Kumar Arun , Bist Jitendra S. , Mehta Anil K.
Published: February 2021

Background: Facial acne scar is a common complication of acne vulgaris leading to social isolation, lack of self-confidence and depression that warrants multiple treatment approach. In recent years, fractional erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet (er-YAG) 2940 nm laser and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been used independently or in combination with other resurfacing modalities in treating acne scars with variable outcomes.  The objective of this study is to compare the therapeutic responses and safety of fractional erbium-YAG 2940 nm laser and platelet-rich plasma in atrophic post acne scars.

Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups (30 each), receiving six sittings of fractional er-YAG laser and PRP every month. Response was evaluated 4 weeks after each treatment session using Goodman and Baron qualitative acne scar grading system, photographic assessment by 2 blinded dermatologist and patients own satisfaction.

Results: Both treatment modalities showed improvement of acne scars, but the improvement with fractional er-YAG laser (27% marked and 70% moderate response) treatment was higher in comparison to PRP (10% marked and 67% moderate response) in terms of acne scar grade severity (p=0.33). Similar results were obtained on photographic assessment (p=0.015 and 0.021), and patient’s own satisfaction (p=0.011), respectively. Pain and stinging score were lower in er-YAG group while down time for same was shorter in PRP.

Conclusions: Both er-YAG laser and PRP showed significant improvement in atrophic acne scar while former showing slightly superior response with lesser adverse effects.
A study of dermatoses in antenatal patients attending tertiary care centre
Authors: Desai Valay , Patel Avani C. , Momin Anjum M. , Vaishnani Jignesh B.
Published: February 2021

Background: Pregnancy produces many cutaneous changes which can be either physiological, alteration in pre-existing skin diseases or development of dermatoses which are specific to pregnancy which occur due to the production of a number of proteins and steroid hormones by the fetoplacental unit and maternal pituitary, thyroid and adrenals. Patient’s concern may range from cosmetic appearance to potential effects on mother and fetus. Aims and objectives: Study was undertaken to observe physiological and pathological skin changes in different gravidae and trimesters of pregnancy.

Methods: A cross sectional study performed after institutional ethics committee clearance. Total 205 pregnant females were enrolled in study by simple random sampling. Complete history, clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Patients were treated accordingly. Data was analysed by application of descriptive analysis, Mean and SD.

Results: In physiological changes, linea nigra was the most common, followed by striae distensae. Pigmentary changes were found more commonly in 2nd trimester while vascular and structural changes were commoner in 3rd trimester. In dermatoses affected by pregnancy, fungal infection was most common followed by viral infections and acne which were most commonly seen in 2nd trimester. Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy was most common among pregnancy specific dermatoses followed by pruritus gravidarum which were more commonly noted in the 3rd trimester. Atopic eruption of pregnancy was common in 2nd trimester. As study was cross sectional, disease progression and treatment outcome could not be observed.

Conclusions: Cutaneous lesions may range from common, benign changes termed physiological or more severe, posing significant risk to mother and child. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential for improving maternal and fetal well-being and prognosis and to minimize their morbidity.
Comparative study of efficacy of minoxidil versus minoxidil with platelet rich plasma versus minoxidil with dermaroller in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Gowda Adarsh , Sankey Sana Mariam , B. C. Sharath Kumar
Published: February 2021

Background: Androgenetic alopecia is characterized by progressive hair loss and is recognized as having significant psychological effects on affected patients with a negative impact on QOL. Drug therapies specifically approved by FDA for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are limited to minoxidil and finasteride. There are limited three arm studies comparing treatment modalities in AGA, hence we undertook this study to compare the 3 most common, affordable therapeutic modalities used currently in AGA and their effects.

Methods: This is a prospective comparative parallel group interventional study. 90 subjects recruited into 3 groups, group A treated with minoxidil alone, group B with minoxidil and dermaroller and group C with minoxidil and platelet rich plasma (PRP).

Results: At the end of 5 months 50% patients in group C showed moderate improvement which was found to be superior to the other treatment groups. On the basis of global photographs secondary efficacy analysis was done and all arms were found to have slight improvement. Dermoscopic analysis done at baseline and 5 months showed that group C showed maximum improvement. Pain was the most common side effect noted in group C while pruritus and seborrheic dermatitis was seen more in group A.  

Conclusions: Our study showed best results in patients treated with PRP and minoxidil. They have emerged as new non-surgical treatment modalities for AGA, with minimal side effects, good safety profile and patient satisfaction. There are limited three arm studies comparing the efficacy and side effect profile of these 3 modalities in AGA.  

 
Young lady with acral pustulosis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Amaewhule Mary Nnenda , Wekhe Chidinma
Published: February 2021

Psoriasis is uncommon in this part of the world, and the pustular variety is even rarer. It is for this reason that the patients are frequently misdiagnosed by their health care providers and presentat late to the dermatologists when complications have already set in. We report a case of a 33 year old female who presented to us with a two year history of pustular eruptions on her hands and feet, pain and swelling of joints in the affected areas and subsequent development of deformities. Prior to her presentation, she has been misdiagnosed as having tuberculosis of the skin as well as leprosy in different hospitals and treated as such with no improvement. On presentation to us, a skin biopsy was done and the specimen sent for histopathology. A diagnosis of pustular psoriasis was made and she was placed on oral methotrexate. She responded to treatment and the lesions resolved in a few weeks except for the joint deformities. This case illustrates the challenges encountered by patients with psoriasis in a resource poor setting like ours as well as the importance of availability of affordable drugs like methotrexate in their management. This is so considering the high cost and non-availability of more modern biologic agents in this part of the world.
Purpura fulminans secondary to indian tick typhus: a case report
Authors: Devaraj Yogesh , Swaroop M. Ranga , Mallya Rashmi R. , Sajeed Aneesa , Reddy K. Yashwanth
Published: February 2021

Purpura fulminans is a rare and commonly fatal syndrome that consists of hemorrhagic infarction of the skin and intravascular thrombosis. Purpura fulminans is commonly associated with streptococcal, staphylococcal and meningococcal infection. Indian tick typhus is a rare cause of purpura fulminans. One of the rare causes of purpura fulminans is Indian tick typhus, which is a type of rickettsial spotted fever caused by Rickettsia conorii and transmitted to humans by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (also called the dog tick). Clinical features of Indian tick typhus include fever, maculopapular rash that begins on the extremities with a centripetal spread, and constitutional symptoms including headache, malaise and conjunctival congestion. Severe cases can progress to multi-organ disease including pulmonary edema, meningoencephalitis, renal failure and cardiogenic shock can occur. Current report present a case of a 48 year old male patient who presented with features of Indian tick typhus which progressed to purpura fulminans and necrotizing fasciitis.

 
Finanzas internacionales entre dos eras: la experiencia del peronismo en Argentina, 1973-1976
Authors: García Heras Raúl
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza las relaciones financieras internacionales de un país clave en América latina a comienzos de la década de 1970. Este periodo fue un punto de inflexión entre el final del régimen de financiamiento bilateral y multilateral de Bretton Woods y la intermediación bancaria desregulada que prevaleció como fuente de financiamiento internacional hasta las crisis de la deuda externa en la década de 1980. Profundiza los argumentos de estudios académicos previos según los cuales este interludio fue un frustrado esfuerzo de adaptación al escenario financiero internacional de esa década y romper con la dependencia de los organismos multilaterales de crédito que se remontaba a la década de 1950. También sostiene que dicho fracaso incluyó un tardío y desconocido esfuerzo por obtener financiamiento de los pujantes Euromercados, y que sentó las bases para la plena restauración de relaciones financieras internacionales durante los primeros años de la dictadura militar de 1976-1983.
Clubes de lectura virtuales en España
Authors: Santamarta Agnès , Agustí Ruiz Lluís
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza los clubes de lectura virtuales en funcionamiento en España en 2019. Se pretende obtener una imagen de estos clubes virtuales a través del estudio de su funcionamiento, plataformas tecnológicas utilizadas, normas de uso y, con mayor detalle, el examen de sus participantes: perfil sociodemográfico, motivaciones, experiencias y valoraciones. Para ello se estableció, previamente, un estado de la cuestión actualizado de estudios y experiencias de clubes de este tipo. Seguidamente, se contactaron las redes de bibliotecas públicas españolas, así como universitarias, hasta un total de 103 instituciones, para identificar las iniciativas existentes en el territorio español. Esto permitió identificar 24 clubes de lectura virtuales que fueron encuestados para alcanzar los objetivos planteados. Las conclusiones arrojan luz sobre estas actividades de animación lectora: normas de funcionamiento diversas, plataformas dispares, pero con un perfil de usuario homogéneo, y una valoración positiva de sus participantes. Estas conclusiones, bajo la forma de buenas prácticas, pueden ser de ayuda para las instituciones en el diseño y la reorientación de clubes de lectura virtuales, así como la necesidad puntual —o sostenida, con la llegada de la COVID-19, de transformar los clubes presenciales en virtuales.
fandom de Blue Jeans
Authors: Torrego-González Alba , Vazquez-Calvo Boris , García-Marín David
Published: February 2021

La participación de fans y autores en redes sociales configura una nueva ecología letrada digital que modifica la recepción de la obra literaria y las posibilidades de interacción entre lectores y escritores. Con un estudio de caso, exploramos el uso de varios espacios de afinidad y socialización del universo literario del escritor español Blue Jeans. Analizamos 3.997 comentarios de los espacios digitales de este fandom, con datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, además de una entrevista semiestructurada con el propio autor. Los resultados sugieren (1) diferencias relevantes en la socialización lectora según el tipo de espacio y su gestor (autor o fans), (2) correlaciones entre algún espacio y la socialización literaria, y (3) la relevancia de mantener activa una red de socialización lectora como parte del acervo de profesionalización del escritor. Gracias a la interacción entre iguales, los seguidores de Blue Jeans desarrollan aprendizajes de corte sociocultural, que revelan el potencial de relacionar contextos vernáculos y educación formal para formar generaciones lectoras y críticas, sin que ello implique extirpar la cultura fandom de sus contextos. Acabamos con algunas líneas de actuación futura en la educación lingüística y literaria, como la semiosis social o las multiliteracidades.