bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitalization and Information Management Mechanism of Sports Events Based on Cooperative Sensing Model of Multisensor Nodes
Authors: Mu Chong
Published: January 2022

This paper provides an in-depth study and analysis of the optimization of sports event management systems using wireless sensor networks. Aiming at the monitoring task of a directed wireless sensor network in a three-dimensional environment, the directed sensing nodes scattered inside the designated monitoring area in a random deployment manner usually have uneven distribution and other problems; we analyze the characteristics of the directed sensor nodes, probabilistic sensing model, and the cooperative sensing model of multiple sensor nodes for monitoring target points and propose a sensing optimization strategy in polar coordinates to guide the three-dimensional plane directed orientation adjustment and sensing optimization of sensor nodes, thus enhancing the sensing capability of network nodes. The experimental results confirm that the algorithm can improve the coverage of the area to be monitored and the quality of sensing service, and it reduces the overall energy consumption of the network by using the distributed node synchronization scheduling mechanism to extend the life cycle of the network to maintain good monitoring capability under the premise of the limited total usage of the directed nodes in wireless sensor networks. The application of wireless sensor network technology in sports competition management mainly includes the application of smart wearable devices in sports competition training, the application of goal-line technology in sports competition, and the application of eagle eye technology in sports events, all three technologies have certain advantages in the application of sports competition, and all of their help to promote the improvement of sports event management and the development of sports industry; the second aspect is wireless sensor. The second aspect is the application of wireless sensor network technology in sports event information management, which is mainly used to collect information related to sports events and fully utilize it to make sports event management more informative and digital, which is helpful to improve the level of sports event management; the third aspect is the application of wireless sensor network technology in sports event stadium management, which is mainly based on intelligent stadiums to create a more spectator-friendly and good experience for the audience, a more ornamental and good experience viewing place, to promote the development and growth of sports industry.
The Immune Landscape of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute Liver Failure by Integration Analysis
Authors: Gong Jiao , Chen Yaqiong , Cao Jing , Wang Yang , Chen Jiahao , Li Danyang , Sha Liuping , Li Xinhua , Chong Yutian , Hu Bo
Published: January 2022

Hepatitis B virus-related acute liver failure (HBV-ALF) is a common type of liver failure, associated with high short-term mortality and morbidity rates. However, the immune landscape of HBV-ALF and its correlation with cell death are currently unknown. Based on 3 Gene Expression Omnibus data sets, infiltrated immune cells were quantified by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis method. The expression levels of immune genes and the abundance of immune cells in liver failure were compared with those in normal liver. The enrichment scores of cell death gene sets from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were calculated by gene set variation analysis method, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape. Besides 21 differentially expressed immune genes, we identified 11 types of differentially infiltrated immune cells in HBV-ALF compared with normal liver. Enriched pathways of these immune genes mainly consisted of chemokine receptors, chemokine binding, interleukin-10 signaling, and TNFs bind their physiological receptors by Reactome pathway analysis. In addition, the enrichment scores of apoptosis and necroptosis pathway instead of autophagy and ferroptosis were increased in liver failure compared with normal liver. PPI network and gene cluster analysis of immune genes and apoptosis and necroptosis genes suggested that hub genes were mainly related to immune response and apoptosis. In summary, our study offers a conceptual framework to understand the immune landscape of HBV-ALF, which might help to improve prognosis.
The Value of Emergency Nursing Mode in the Treatment of Patients with Traumatic Shock
Authors: Xu Jinmei , Zhou Xueying , Wang Chunying , Hu Jianli
Published: January 2022

Objective. To study the value of emergency nursing mode in patients with traumatic shock. Methods. 76 patients with traumatic shock in our hospital from March 2019 to February 2021 were selected and divided into study group and control group according to different rescue modes, 38 cases in each group. The study group adopted emergency nursing mode for rescue, while the control group adopted routine nursing mode for rescue. The rescue intervention, emergency stay and preoperative preparation time, rescue success rate, emergency rescue effect, complications, and satisfaction rate of patients and their families for rescue were compared between the two groups. Results. The rescue intervention, emergency stay and preoperative preparation time of the study group were significantly shorter than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The rescue success rate of the study group was 97.37%, which was significantly higher than 84.21% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The improvement rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the disability rate was significantly lower than that of the control group, the overall emergency rescue effect was better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of complications in the study group was 2.63%, which was significantly lower than 23.68% in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The satisfaction rate of patients and their families in the study group was 97.37%, which was significantly higher than 84.21% in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Emergency nursing mode in patients with traumatic shock owns higher rescue value, can buy time for the operation, improve the success rate and effect of rescue, make safety and satisfaction higher. Overall, for patients with traumatic shock, emergency nursing mode is better than conventional rescue nursing.
A Network Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Commonly Used Chinese Patent Medicines in the Auxiliary Treatment of Poststroke Depression
Authors: Yu Ying , Zhang Gong , Han Tao , Liu Hongjie , Huang Hailiang
Published: January 2022

Background. Poststroke depression (PSD) is a serious complication of clinical cerebrovascular disease. Patients not only have depression-related emotional symptoms but also have physical symptoms, such as autonomic dysfunction. At the same time, patients with varying degrees of depression will delay the neurological function of stroke patients. The recovery time of cognitive function and limb function will increase the risk of accidental death and even aggravate the mortality of cerebrovascular disease. Through combining data analysis and related literature, seven types of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) widely used in the clinical treatment of PSD have been screened out. These herbs exhibit some clinical comparability under the conditions that the syndrome type and dosage form are relatively uniform. Therefore, in this study, the network meta-analysis method was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the seven CPMs screened out, and the probability ranking was performed to screen the best clinical auxiliary treatment plan of CPM. Methods. We searched the Chinese databases, including CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP, as well as the English databases, including the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed, from inception to May 31, 2020, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on seven kinds of CPMs that were the subjects of the clinical research. The bias risk and quality of the included studies were analyzed with the Cochrane Handbook (version 5.1), ADDIS, and R software, and the results were compared in a network meta-analysis (NMA). Results. In terms of clinical effectiveness, the seven kinds of CPMs all improved clinical curative effects, with Jieyu Anshen capsule adjuvant treatment having the most significant effect [odds ratio (OR) = 5.00, 95% CI (1.72–9.48)]. Wuling capsule AT can effectively reduce the score index of scale factors for the HAMD score, NIHSS score, and TESS score [mean difference (MD) = −3.95, 95% CI (−4.88–3.00); OR = −3.25, 95% CI (−5.46)–1.05); OR = 0.22, 95% CI (0.05–0.79), resp.]. Conclusion. The mechanisms of seven CPMs in the adjuvant treatment of PSD have advantages. In terms of safety and efficacy, the CPMs had better clinical adjuvant treatment performance. Although this study concluded that the Jieyu Anshen capsule is the preferred drug for clinical treatment, a clear conclusion still needs to be verified in a high-quality randomized controlled study. In clinical practice, accurate selection and application can be carried out according to the specific characteristics of patients.
Celastrol Protects against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Glycolysis through Targeting HIF-1α/PDK1 Axis
Authors: Chen Mengyuan , Liu Maozhu , Luo Ying , Cao Jun , Zeng Fanning , Yang Lu , Yang Junqing , Tao Tao , Jiang Yu
Published: January 2022

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is closely related to dysfunctional glucose metabolism. Celastrol is a bioactive compound that has been found to exhibit neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia, while whether it can protect against cerebral I/R injury by regulating glycolysis remains unclear. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of celastrol on cerebral I/R injury and its underlying mechanisms in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice. Methods. To observe the protective effect of celastrol and select its optimal dosage for further study, neurological score, TTC staining, and HE staining were used to evaluate neurological function, cerebral infarct volume, and cortical cell damage, respectively. QRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), pyruvate dehydrogenasekinase1 (PDK1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), glucose transporter1 (GLUT1), and hexokinase2 (HK2), respectively. The lactate production, ATP level, and glucose content were assessed by assay kits. Results. Our results indicated that celastrol dose-dependently improved neurological function and reduced cerebral infarct volume and cortical cell death of tMCAO mice, and its optimal dosage was 4.5 mg/kg. In addition, celastrol significantly blocked I/R-induced increase of LDHA, GLUT1, HK2, and lactate production as well as decrease of ATP level and glucose content. Moreover, celastrol inhibited the I/R-induced upregulation of HIF-1α and PDK1. Overexpression of HIF-1α by DMOG reversed the protective effect of celastrol on cerebral I/R injury and blocked celastrol-induced suppression of glycolysis. Conclusions. Taken together, these results suggested that celastrol protected against cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting glycolysis via the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis.
Pretreatment of Nicorandil Protects the Heart from Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats
Authors: Lv Lei , Li Lin , Zhu Yiyong , Azhar Anwar , Li Yao , Wang Yongyuan , Jin Tao , Yin Xin , Chen Xi , Liu Yu , Zhong Yong
Published: January 2022

Objective. Nicorandil has been widely used for the treatment of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nicorandil plays a protective role in exhaustive exercise (EE)-induced myocardial injury. Methods. Here, we applied the rat EE model and treated them with exercise preconditioning (EP, reported to protect the heart) or different doses of nicorandil gavage, respectively, to explore whether there are protective effects of single EP or nicorandil or a combination of both and the potential mechanism. Forty-nine male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, EE, EP + EE, nicorandil (with low, middle, and high dose) + EE, and EP + nicorandil (middle dose) + EE. Blood samples and myocardial tissues were collected to analyze the myocardial injury-related index. Results. EE induced myocardial structural damage and altered the myocardial injury markers, which were partially reversed by pretreatment of nicorandil. In addition, oxidative stress and inflammation lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) products and further damage to the myocardium, while pretreatment of nicorandil reduces the oxidative stress response and inflammation. Moreover, nicorandil suppressed the myocardial apoptosis induced by EE, as indicated by a decrease of Bax and caspase-3 expression and an increase of Bcl-2 expression. Finally, the pathway in which nicorandil plays a role may be involved in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Pretreatment of nicorandil increased the protein level of myocardial eNOS and NO production. Conclusion. Our result demonstrated that nicorandil has protective effects in EE-induced myocardial injury with dose-dependent effects. A combination of nicorandil and EP can further improve the protective effects. Taken together, nicorandil can be potentially used as an intervention method in EE-induced myocardial injury.
Density Peaks Clustering Based on Feature Reduction and Quasi-Monte Carlo
Authors: Hu Zhihui , Wei Xiaoran , Han Xiaoxu , Kou Guang , Zhang Haoyu , Liu Xueyi , Bai Yefei
Published: January 2022

Density peaks clustering (DPC) is a well-known density-based clustering algorithm that can deal with nonspherical clusters well. However, DPC has high computational complexity and space complexity in calculating local density

ρ

and distance

δ

, which makes it suitable only for small-scale data sets. In addition, for clustering high-dimensional data, the performance of DPC still needs to be improved. High-dimensional data not only make the data distribution more complex but also lead to more computational overheads. To address the above issues, we propose an improved density peaks clustering algorithm, which combines feature reduction and data sampling strategy. Specifically, features of the high-dimensional data are automatically extracted by principal component analysis (PCA), auto-encoder (AE), and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Next, in order to reduce the computational overhead, we propose a novel data sampling method for the low-dimensional feature data. Firstly, the data distribution in the low-dimensional feature space is estimated by the Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) sequence with low-discrepancy characteristics. Then, the representative QMC points are selected according to their cell densities. Next, the selected QMC points are used to calculate

ρ

and

δ

instead of the original data points. In general, the number of the selected QMC points is much smaller than that of the initial data set. Finally, a two-stage classification strategy based on the QMC points clustering results is proposed to classify the original data set. Compared with current works, our proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity from

O

n

2

to

O

N
n

, where

N

denotes the number of selected QMC points and

n

is the size of original data set, typically

N
≪
n

. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the computational overhead and improve the model performance.
“Um Brasil, para brasileiros”: O pensamento decolonial de Carolina Maria de Jesus
Authors: Castro Susana de
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é de mostrar que Carolina Maria de Jesus foi muito mais do que uma autora de um só livro, Quarto de Despejo. O fato, entretanto, de ela ter sido assim considerada, mostra que, na verdade, a favor do seu silenciamento trabalharam o autoritarismo e o machismo vigentes. Os brasileiros rejeitaram a ideia de que uma voz feminina negra oriunda da favela pudesse ocupar o espaço ‘puro’ da literatura e do pensamento, reservado aos membros da elite econômica brasileira.
Nietzsche e o Controverso Ideal de Emancipação Feminina
Authors: Almeida Patrícia Sheyla Bagot de
Published: January 2022

Se as considerações de Nietzsche sobre a mulher são variadas, difíceis e até problemáticas, posto que não se pode atribuir um único sentido ao termo, o mesmo, em parte, não ocorre com o termo emancipação. Nietzsche apresenta aforismos nos quais demonstra algumas noções atribuídas ao termo. Não obstante, o filósofo trata da emancipação feminina não do ponto de vista exclusivamente político, mas da mulher como uma ideia “em si”. Neste artigo, partirei de alguns aforismos da obra Além do bem e do mal, de 1886, na qual é possível verificar o sentido que ele dá ao termo, assim como esquadrinhar os indícios do modo como ele lê a crença da igualdade buscada pela mulher, a fim de demonstrar a incoerência da proposta de emancipação, uma vez que, a partir da quebra da distinção e do abandono da diferença entre homem e mulher, é que se exigia o sacrifício da internalização dos valores masculinos em um consequente esvaziamento, embotamento e regressão do que é singular na mulher. Para desenvolver o objetivo proposto, relacionarei o tema a outros aforismos a fim de ressaltar que a problemática da emancipação feminina como condição sine qua non de pertencimento do espaço público, locus no qual as ações políticas são efetivas e consideradas, fora também problematizadas por Wollstonecraft, no que Carole Pateman denominou o “dilema Wollstonecraft”, a saber, exigir igualdade é aceitar a concepção patriarcal de cidadania, na qual as mulheres devem parecer-se aos homens a fim de serem vistas no cenário público, âmbito da ação política. Assim, buscarei examinar a análise de Nietzsche no que tange a emancipação feminina e seus desdobramentos conceituais, sem, no entanto, deixar de realizar outras tecituras com autoras que pensaram essa concepção.
Sobre mulher e filosofia ou uma canção para Simone de Beauvoir
Authors: Johanson Izilda
Published: January 2022

Quem frequenta discussões e debates dedicados à filosofia de Simone de Beauvoir sabe que não é incomum surgir em algum momento a inevitável questão sobre essa grande pensadora do século XX ter-se considerado principalmente escritora, mas não filósofa. Nossa proposta é de enfrentar essa questão diretamente como uma questão ou um problema de filosofia, e não um problema de Simone de Beauvoir com a filosofia, como alguns autores e autoras, filósofas feministas inclusive, há algum tempo vêm insistindo em fazer. Entendemos que o engajamento intelectual e feminista de Simone de Beauvoir é não só compatível como necessário à afirmação da autenticidade e originalidade de sua filosofia.
Expondo a si mesmas: homenagem às professoras do departamento de Filosofia da USP e o processo de escuta
Authors: Damião Carla Milani
Published: January 2022

Este artigo visa tratar do relato e da memória de onze professoras que compõem ou compuseram o corpo docente do departamento de Filosofia da Universidade de São Paulo. Testemunhos de diferentes intensidades apresentados no II Encontro do GT de Filosofia e Gênero da ANPOF, realizado em setembro de 2019 no Departamento de Filosofia (FFLCH) da USP. Busca-se, com a mesma atenção, a fundamentação de teorias feministas sobre a narrativa e a escuta de mulheres, tendo por esteio uma nova compreensão de subjetividade que pressupõe a crítica à tradição do pensamento filosófico e à construção metafísica da subjetividade. Com base na ideia de “eu relacional”, a crítica não homogênea de feministas torna possível uma compreensão de relatos variados, testemunhos de opressão revelados e de discriminações, revelados em narrativas.
Maternidade: uma forma de opressão?
Authors: Antoniazzi Carolina Bernardini
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo persegue a seguinte questão: seria a maternidade uma forma de opressão? Para tanto, partimos do conceito de opressão formulado por bell hooks. A fim de analisar a experiência da maternidade enquanto vivida por um sujeito único, mas, ao mesmo tempo, constrangida por estruturas sociais generificadas, ancoraremos a maior parte de nossa análise em Iris Young. O pensamento da autora é habilidoso ao entrelaçar uma corrente fenomenológica à crítica social, dando conta de problemas que surgem nas pautas feministas acerca de subjetividades em relação a marcadores sociais. É pertinente, ainda, na medida em que Young se ocupa amplamente de temas e problemas ligados à maternidade, dando maior ênfase a este debate do que normalmente observamos. Silvia Federici também é central neste ponto, fornecendo ferramentas para entendermos a reprodução como um trabalho. Procuramos demonstrar como as tarefas do cuidado estão amplamente relacionadas à maternidade e, provavelmente, foram naturalizadas como pertencentes à esfera feminina em decorrência do próprio trabalho reprodutivo.
Fronteiras interculturais na Iberoamérica: o exemplo dos povos indígenas no Brasil
Authors: Campos Alzira Lobo de Arruda , Godoy Marília Gomes Ghizzi , Coelho Patrícia Margarida Farias
Published: January 2022

Da chegada dos europeus à América aos tempos atuais, a identidade iberoamericana apresenta-se como o resultado de migrações multisseculares e sucessivas de homens, plantas e animais entre o Velho e o Novo Mundo, criando e destruindo fronteiras identitárias entre o “civilizado” e o “selvagem”. As fronteiras transmitem um aprendizado recíproco sobre confluências e oposições interétnicas, operado num campo extremo de desigualdade entre dominantes europeus e dominados ameríndios. Esse acontecimento, de dimensão planetária, é visto a partir das fronteiras culturais entre o universo mágico indígena e o ocidental, resultando num processo de aniquilamento, resiliência e adaptação da identidade pluriétnica e multidimensional iberoamericana, que toma, por referência central, os povos indígenas – históricos e atuais – da nação brasileira.
Migrações internas recentes no Peru: Análise quantitativade aspectos espaciais e sociodemográficos
Authors: Watson Carmen Soledad Aurazo de
Published: January 2022

No contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, ocorreu um êxodo em Lima, capital do Peru. Esse fato, abordado em artigo publicado recentemente, nos motivou a investigar algumas questões relativas à migração interna no país. O objetivo nesta oportunidade é caracterizar as migrações ocorridas nos últimos anos, em um contexto de mudanças nos níveis global, nacional e local. O objetivo é identificar e medir alguns condicionantes dos fluxos migratórios, ao mesmo tempo em que tenta apontar sua correlação com aspectos do processo migratório e do desenvolvimento regional. Os indicadores encontrados sugerem crescimento econômico a nível nacional, que não atinge todas as regiões. Serão analisadas informações dos Estados (Departamentos) selecionados, com base em dados do período 2007-2019 produzidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Informática-INEI. O artigo oferece algumas pistas de conclusão que servem para artigos posteriores.
ZEB2
Shapes the Epigenetic Landscape of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Cheng Paul , Wirka Robert C. , Shoa Clarke Lee , Zhao Quanyi , Kundu Ramendra , Nguyen Trieu , Nair Surag , Sharma Disha , Kim Hyun-jung , Shi Huitong , Assimes Themistocles , Brian Kim Juyong , Kundaje Anshul , Quertermous Thomas
Published: January 2022

Background:

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) transition into a number of different phenotypes during atherosclerosis, including those that resemble fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and make up the majority of cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. To better understand the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms that mediate these cell state changes, and how they relate to risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), we have investigated the causality and function of transcription factors at genome-wide associated loci.

Methods:

We used CRISPR-Cas 9 genome and epigenome editing to identify the causal gene and cells for a complex CAD genome-wide association study signal at 2q22.3. Single-cell epigenetic and transcriptomic profiling in murine models and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells were used to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism by which this CAD risk gene exerts its function.

Results:

CRISPR-Cas 9 genome and epigenome editing showed that the complex CAD genetic signals within a genomic region at 2q22.3 lie within smooth muscle long-distance enhancers for
ZEB2
, a transcription factor extensively studied in the context of epithelial mesenchymal transition in development of cancer. Zeb2 regulates SMC phenotypic transition through chromatin remodeling that obviates accessibility and disrupts both Notch and transforming growth factor β signaling, thus altering the epigenetic trajectory of SMC transitions. SMC-specific loss of
Zeb2
resulted in an inability of transitioning SMCs to turn off contractile programing and take on a fibroblast-like phenotype, but accelerated the formation of chondromyocytes, mirroring features of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries.

Conclusions:

These studies identify
ZEB2
as a new CAD genome-wide association study gene that affects features of plaque vulnerability through direct effects on the epigenome, providing a new therapeutic approach to target vascular disease.
“Doomed to Good Relations”
Authors: Nunan Timothy
Published: January 2022

This article sheds new light on the end of the Cold War and the fate of anti-imperialism in the twentieth century by exploring how the Soviet Union and the Islamic Republic of Iran achieved a rapprochement in the late 1980s. Both the USSR and Iran had invested significant resources into presenting themselves as the leaders of the anti-imperialist movement and “the global movement of Islam,” and both the Soviet and Iranian governments sought to export their models of anti-imperialist postcolonial statehood to Afghanistan. However, by the mid-1980s both the Soviet Union and revolutionary Iran were forced to confront the limits to their anti-imperialist projects amid the increasing pull of globalization. Elites in both countries responded to these challenges by walking back their commitments from world revolution and agreeing to maintain the Najibullah regime in Afghanistan as a bulwark against Islamist forces hostile to Marxism-Leninism and Iran's brand of Islamic revolution. This joint pragmatic turn, however, contributed to a drought in anti-imperialist politics throughout the Middle East, leaving the more radical voices of transnational actors as one of the only consistent champions of anti-imperialism. Drawing on new sources from the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, as well as sources from Iran, Afghanistan, and the “Afghan Arabs,” the article sheds empirical and analytical light on discussions of the fate of anti-imperialism in the twilight of the Cold War.
Making Peaceful Revolution Impossible
Authors: Friedman Max Paul , Ferreira Roberto García
Published: January 2022

President John F. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress was intended to forestall Communist revolutions by fostering political and economic reform in Latin America. But Kennedy undermined his own goals by thwarting democratic, leftwing leaders seeking to carry out the kind of “peaceful revolution” his own analysis told him was necessary. This article reveals the Kennedy administration's role in overthrowing the Guatemalan government in 1963—until now only hinted at or even denied in the existing literature—to prevent the return to power of the country's first democratically elected president, Juan José Arévalo Bermejo. New archival evidence from Chile, Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico, Uruguay, the United Kingdom, and the United States sheds light on the transnational networks that supported Arévalo's attempt to run for the presidency in 1963, as well as the covert efforts of U.S. and Guatemalan officials to prevent “the most popular man in Guatemala” from taking office—a neglected Cold War milestone in Latin America.
Three new species of Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Amazonian Peru and a checklist of Cyclocephala species in Peru
Authors: PAZ FERNANDO , RATCLIFFE BRETT C. , FIGUEROA LUIS
Published: January 2022

The following new species of Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) are described from Peru: C. mateoi Paz & Ratcliffe, C. ukuku Paz & Ratcliffe, and C. hylaea Ratcliffe & Paz. A description, diagnosis, geographic distribution, notes on natural history, and illustrations are provided for each new species. Six Cyclocephala species are reported for the first time from Peru: C. emarginata Endrödi, 1964, C. guianae Endrödi, 1969, C. kuntzeniana Höhne, 1923, C. malyi Dupuis, 2014, C. ovulum Bates, 1888, and C. sylviae Dechambre, 1995. An updated, annotated list of the 81 Peruvian species of Cyclocephala is provided.
Geotomus granulosus, a peculiar sehirine-like new species of the subfamily Cydninae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Burundi
Authors: LIS JERZY A. , LIS BARBARA
Published: January 2022

Geotomus granulosus sp. n. is described from Burundi, and is the third burrower bug species recorded hitherto from this country. This burrower bug resembles species of two Sehirinae genera, i.e. Ochetostethus Fieber, 1860 and Ochetostethomorpha Schumacher, 1913, in its dorsal body habitus. However, all its crucial diagnostic characters (the body chaetotaxy, the shape of evaporatoria and the peritreme, the meso- and metathoracic wings venation, and the shape of spermatheca) demonstrate it represents the genus Geotomus Mulsant et Rey, 1866 (subfamily Cydninae, tribe Geotomini sensu lato).
The Storage of Antecedent Precipitation and Air Temperature Signals in Soil Temperature over China
Authors: Song Yaoming , Huang Anning , Chen Haishan
Published: January 2022

Soil temperature (ST) is one of the key variables in land-atmosphere interactions. The response of ST to atmospheric changes and subsequent influence of ST on atmosphere can be recognized as the processes of signals propagation. Understanding the storing and releasing of atmosphere signals in ST favors the improvement of climate prediction and weather forecast. However the current understanding of the lagging response of ST to atmospheric changes is very insufficient. The analysis based on observation shows that both the storage of air temperature signals in deep ST even after four months and the storage of precipitation signals in shallow ST after one month are widespread phenomena in China. Air temperature signals at 2m can propagate to the soil depths of 160 cm and 320 cm after 1 month and 2 months, respectively. The storage of antecedent air temperature and precipitation signals in ST is slightly weaker and stronger during April to September, respectively, which is related to more precipitation during growing season. The precipitation signals in ST rapidly weaken after 2 months. Moreover, the effects of accumulated precipitation and air temperature on the signal storage in ST have significant monthly variations and vary linearly with soil depth and latitude. The storage of antecedent air temperature or precipitation signals in ST exhibits an obvious decadal variation with a period of more than 50 years, and it may be resulted from the modulation of the global climate patterns which largely affect local air temperature and precipitation.
Theoretical Notes on Action Schemes in Society
Authors: Heise David R.
Published: January 2022

This essay presents theoretical constructs for characterizing the causal structure of social actions and developing a multi-level theory of action relating to accomplishment of goals via social organizations. Focal concepts include: action schemes, mobilization, internal and external fulfillments, power schemes, macroactions, effective actions, and purposeful actions. Additionally, an overview is provided of a methodological procedure for analyzing narratives in order to specify causal linkages among actions and thereby delineate action schemes. Some possibilities for future developments are noted.
Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury and Contemporary Management Strategy
Authors: Dahal Ranjan , Acharya Yogesh , Tyroch Alan H. , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: January 2022

Thoracic aortic injury (TAI) is a leading cause of death in blunt chest trauma. Motor vehicle collisions are the commonest cause, and most patients die before receiving medical attention. Survivors who make it to the hospital also typically have other debilitating injuries with high morbidity. It is imperative to understand the nature of these injuries and implement current management strategies to improve patient outcomes. A literature review on contemporary management strategies on blunt thoracic aortic injuries was performed to evaluate the available evidence using online databases (PubMed and Google Scholar). We found that there has been an improved survival owing to the current advancement in diagnostic modalities, the use of contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography, and contemporary management techniques with an endovascular approach. However, careful assessment of patients and a multidisciplinary effort are necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis. Minimal aortic injuries (intimal tear and aortic hematoma) can be managed medically with careful monitoring of disease progression with imaging. Endovascular approaches and delayed intervention are key strategies for optimal management of high-grade TAI.
Model reduction for discrete-time switched linear time-delayed systems with finite-frequency specifications
Authors: Sun Liankun , Ma Haiyao , Wang Zhangang
Published: January 2022

The paper focusses on the model reduction of discrete-time switched linear systems with finite-frequency specifications. First, we propose a performance index that can estimate systematic performance over finite frequency. And then, we use GKYP (generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma) and introduce some relaxation matrices with variable parameters to analyse the problem in different situations. Based on the above conditions, sufficient conditions can be obtained for meeting the index of finite frequency. Finally, we illustrate two numerical examples. The results show that the proposed method can improve approximation performance.
Histological Features of the Nasal Passage in Juvenile Japanese White Rabbits
Authors: Yamagiwa Yoshinori , Kurata Masaaki , Satoh Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Rabbits are sometimes used for intranasal toxicology studies. We investigated the postnatal development of the nasal passage in juvenile Japanese white rabbits from just after birth to 6-week-old to provide information for conducting intranasal toxicological evaluation using juvenile animals. On postnatal day (PND) 1, the nasal passage consisted of the septum with mostly cartilaginous nasal wall and turbinates. The lining squamous, transitional, respiratory, and olfactory epithelia were already distributed similar to adults and were still underdeveloped. The nasal passage gradually expanded with age, as did the nasal wall, including the turbinates formed by endochondral ossification. The maxilloturbinate elongated, during which it branched complexly. The respiratory epithelium takes the form of columnar epithelium together with a reduction in goblet cells. In addition, the olfactory epithelium had clear cytoplasm in the ethmoturbinate, the olfactory nerve bundles thickened, and Bowman’s gland acini increased in size and number. Other tissues, including the vomeronasal organ, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, and nasolacrimal duct, also developed histologically with age. This investigation characterized the postnatal histological development of the nasal passage in Japanese white rabbits, providing basic knowledge regarding the histological examination and rationale for appropriate study design of intranasal toxicology studies in juvenile rabbits.
A critical systems evaluation of the introduction of a ‘discharge to assess’ service in Kent
Authors: Gadsby Erica Wirrmann , Wistow Gerald , Billings Jenny
Published: January 2022

Discharge to Assess (D2A) models of care have been developed to expedite the process of discharging hospital patients as soon as they are medically fit to leave, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the healthcare system. This article focuses on the implementation of a D2A model in Kent, England, which formed a case study for a European research programme of improvements in integrated care for older people. It uses the Critical Systems Heuristics framework to examine the implementation process and focuses in particular on why this improvement project proved to be so difficult to implement and why the anticipated outcomes were so elusive. The analysis highlights the value in using critical systems thinking to better evaluate integrated care initiatives, in particular by identifying more explicitly different stakeholder perspectives and power relationships within the system and its decision environment.
Family involvement in advance care planning for people living with advanced cancer: A systematic mixed-methods review
Authors: Kishino Megumi , Ellis-Smith Clare , Afolabi Oladayo , Koffman Jonathan
Published: January 2022

Background:

Advance care planning is important for people with advanced cancer. Family involvement in advance care planning may be instrumental to achieving goal-concordant care since they frequently become surrogate decision-makers.

Aim:

To examine components, contexts, effects and linkages with intended outcomes of involving family members in advance care planning.

Design:

A mixed-methods systematic review, in which quantitative and qualitative data were extracted and synthesised using thematic synthesis leading to a logic model. Prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020208143).

Data sources:

Primary quantitative and qualitative research regarding family-involved advance care planning for people with advanced cancer were identified using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL from inception to September 2020. Quality appraisal was performed with ‘QualSyst’.

Results:

Fourteen articles were included. The synthesis identified perceptions of individuals and family members concerning family involvement in advance care planning and presents components for family-integrated advance care planning intervention. The logic model includes (i) addressing family members’ concerns and emotions and (ii) facilitating communication between individuals and family members which are distinctive when healthcare professionals engage with individuals as well as family members.

Conclusions:

This review provides a comprehensive understanding of family involvement in advance care planning and could inform its assessment and implementation in clinical practice. The number of included articles was limited. Therefore future research must focus on family integration and exploration of stakeholders’ perceptions to identify additional components and linkages between them within family-integrated advance care planning.
Measurement of antibody levels in patients with COVID-19 over time by immunofluorescence assay: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Uysal Betul Borku , Yavuzer Serap , Islamoglu Mehmet Sami , Cengiz Mahir
Published: January 2022

Background

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, antibody screening is a critical tool to assess anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity. We examined variation in antibody titers associated with age and sex among patients with confirmed COVID-19.

Methods

Blood IgG levels were tested in 1081 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) tests between 1 September and 31 December 2020. Patients who did not experience reinfection were identified. Serum IgG levels were measured by immunofluorescence assay. Antibody positivity and antibody titers were analyzed according to time since infection, sex, and age.

Results

The mean (standard deviation) age was 41.2 (14.2) years and 41.2% of patients were women. The lowest antibody positivity rate between the first and ninth month post-infection was detected in the sixth month. The lowest antibody titers among patients aged 20 to 80 years occurred in those aged 30 to 39 years. The IgG titer was positively correlated with age in years (r = 0.125) and decades (r = 0.126).

Conclusions

Six months after infection, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers increased. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers also increased with age. Immunity and pathogenicity should be investigated in addition to antibody positivity rates and antibody titers.
Systemic lupus erythematosus reactivation after chemoimmunotherapy in preexisting autoimmune disease
Authors: Spagnoletti Andrea , Platania Marco , Brambilla Marta , Occhipinti Mario , Canziani Luca , Cabras Antonello , Provenzano Leonardo , Leone Alberto Giovanni , Ambrosini Paolo , Prelaj Arsela
Published: January 2022

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offers new possibilities in modern treatment of many types of cancers. Few data regarding safety and efficacy of ICIs are available, and are mainly from retrospective studies and case reports rather than from clinical trials, in the context of preexisting autoimmune disease, mainly due to the risk of severe toxicity. We present an unexpected life-threatening reactivation of systemic lupus erythematosus after one dose of chemo-immunotherapy with pembrolizumab for oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. We analyze data coming from the published literature in this setting and discuss the risk–benefit balance of immunotherapy in patients with preexisting severe autoimmune disease.
Reading the Romancero: A journey from the score to the sound with a non-professional choir
Authors: Hiney Aoife
Published: January 2022

This case study focuses on the processes involved in co-constructing an interpretation of Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco’s Romancero Gitano with a non-professional choir. Rehearsals began in April 2018 and culminated with a performance in June 2018. In order to develop an understanding of the individual and collective processes involved, data were generated through autoethnography and journaling. These texts tracked our regular weekly rehearsals, any extra individual practice, and the performance experience. Seven journals were subsequently compiled and analyzed together with my autoethnography. The findings show that the bulk of the writings focused on technical questions like correctly executing the information contained in the score, with significantly fewer references to other aspects of musical interpretation, such as timbre, or personal reflections regarding our perception of the music and our journey in learning and performing the work. Furthermore, the texts reveal a hierarchical structure within the choir, especially related to perceived levels of musical literacy and/or institutionalized knowledge. In this article, I discuss the various experiences relating to the process of co-constructing a musical interpretation, together with the potential of journaling to develop reflexive, conscious, and inclusive processes of collective musical development within the context of a non-professional choir.
Can the Financial Industry ‘Anchor’ Carbon Emission Reductions?— The Mediating and Moderating Effects of the Technology Market
Authors: Wang Shuhong , Yi Xiaojing
Published: January 2022

Existing research is ambiguous about the relationship between the financial industry development scale and carbon emission reduction targets. Therefore, using data from 30 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2009–2018, this study divides the reduction targets into emission quantity and intensity to investigate this relationship. Using the improved STIRPAT equation, the pooled OLS and other estimation technique in robustness test, we found that the financial industry development scale is positively related to emission quantity and negatively related to emission intensity. The financial industry development scale inhibits carbon emission intensity through the mediating role of the technology market development degree, which also has a moderating effect on the scale. The study also discusses the regional differences in the scale's impact on carbon emission intensity, its compensation effect on the economic loss caused by carbon emissions, and the positive influence of policy implementation on carbon emission intensity. We provide suggestions to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.
Sources of Information and Communication About HPV Among Chinese Students Attending U.S. Colleges: Implications for Culturally Appropriate Strategies
Authors: Tung Wei-Chen , Jones Daniel , Lu Minggen
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Little is known about human papillomavirus (HPV) information sources and communication among Chinese students attending U.S. colleges. We assessed information sources and communication about HPV and HPV vaccines among this population.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional design with 449 participants was conducted by using a questionnaire and snowball sampling. Summary statistics and multiple logistic regression were used.

Results:

The most common sources of HPV information included the internet and friends. Communication about HPV occurred most frequently among friends, family, and health professionals. Those who had better HPV knowledge and attitudes and were vaccinated against HPV were more likely to use internet, friends, family, and health professionals as their information sources.

Discussion:

Because the internet, friends, and families are likely sources for HPV information and communication, future internet-based culturally appropriate education should offer information not only to Chinese students but also to their social circles. Cultural beliefs may affect HPV prevention and should be examined.
Mapping of Financial Support Programs for Children With Neurodisabilities Across Canada: Barriers and Discrepancies Within a Patchwork System
Authors: Salvino Caitlin , Spencer Connor , Filipe Angela M. , Lach Lucyna M.
Published: January 2022

A cross-jurisdictional pan-Canadian environmental scan was conducted to identify provincial, territorial, and federal financial supports available to families with children living with neurodisabilities. In partnership with the organization Childhood Disability LINK, flowchart-styled pathway documents were developed for each financial support identified, mapping out the processes required to access each support. A critical analysis was completed as it relates to structural barriers, accessibility of program information, and geographic discrepancies. The results revealed that, despite almost universal availability of programs to support families of children living with neurodisabilities, significant barriers and inequity remain. This included considerable variation in access to financial support based on geographic and jurisdictional discrepancies, absence of adequate and accurate information about programs, and minimal support provided to families in the application process. We argue that the barriers and discrepancies identified were an inherent result of the Canadian federalist fragmentation of the delivery of social care and financial support programs for children living with neurodisabilities. A more unified response by Canadian provincial, territorial, and federal governments is clearly needed to take positive steps to address the consequences of federalist fragmentation and respond to the structural barriers and geographic discrepancies identified by this study.