bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To Assess Awareness and Stress Level Regarding COVID-19 Pandemic among Banker
Authors: Maurya Archana , Meshram Vishakha , Mungle Khushboo , Nade Viwek , Nanotkar Payal
Published: October 2021

Background of Study: The World Health Organization has designated the outbreak as a global epidemic, requiring country to tighten its statewide lockdown in order to prevent the illness from spreading and to put an end to the outbreak in its several states. This study is designed to establish how many bankers are aware of the Corona Virus. Most of people are sensitive to fear of sickness or death, feeling hopeless, and being stereotype at the group level, just as they are at the individual level. The epidemic has a negative effect on public mental health, perhaps leading to psychiatric crises.

Objectives: To assess the awareness and stress level regarding covid-19 pandemic among bankers.

Materials and Methods: A Descriptive research design study was undertaken to assess awareness and stress level regarding covid-19 pandemic among bankers. In this study the total number of 100 who fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected banks in Wardha city.  The study was non-probability convenient sampling technique used and the tool was the structured questionnaires on awareness of covid-19 and also modify modify perceived stress scale. The data gathering process began based on the objectives and the hypothesis the data was statistically analyzed with various tests such as descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. 

Results: This study is planned to assess to assess awareness and stress level in bankers regarding covid-19 pandemic. The result are shows that the awareness of bankers, 6% of bankers had average, 83% of bankers had good and 11% of bankers had excellent level of awareness level. Minimum awareness score was 6 and maximum awareness score was 18. Mean awareness score was 13.51±2.01 and mean percentage of awareness score was 68.55±10.08. The stress level of banker’s shows that 7% of bankers had moderate stress, 80% had severe and 13% of bankers had extreme stress. Minimum stress score was 22 and maximum stress score was 65. Mean stress score was 37.59±10.50 and mean percentage of stress score was 59.48±12.75

Conclusion: To assess overall awareness and stress level in bankers regarding covid-19 pandemic. We conducted a survey with a representative sample of the Wardha city. Our research study concluded that the bankers have good knowledge related to covid-19 and suffer from high level of stress. One sensible option is to give expert counselling to reduce this unnecessary stress. We recommend that deep breathing exercise, meditation, yoga can also help people to eliminate stress.
Title: A Study to Assess the Knowledge among Parents Related to Aggression in School Going Children
Authors: Thakare Pratiksha , Thakare Kalyani , Supare Chetan , Tembhekar Gauraokumar , Tarekar Neha , Lokhande Shalini
Published: October 2021

Background: School going is a period of life with health and developmental needs and rights. It this period the children develop knowledge and skills, learn to manage emotions and relationships. The WHO defines school going from age 10 to 19 years. Investing in the world’s 1.2 billion school going can break cycles of poverty and inequity, highlights UNICEF in its 2011 State of the World’s Children report. Aggressive behaviors can obstruct instruction and success in a variety of interventions, preventing progress in a variety of developmental domains.

Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge among parents related to the aggression of school going children. 2. To determine the association between the knowledge score of parents with their demographic variables.

Materials and Methods: This study was based on a descriptive approach, In this study 80 parents of school going children were selected from the rural area of Sawangi Meghe,Wardha District by using tool such as structured knowledge questionnaire with non-probability convenient sampling method data was collected.

Results: The study showed that the mean percentage of knowledge score was 13.31±4.39 (44.36 %) according to the level of knowledge score regarding aggression among parents of school going children. 2.5% of the parents had poor, 42.5% had average, 45% had good knowledge score, 8.75% had very good knowledge score and 1.25% had excellent knowledge score.  

Conclusion: The present study is descriptive and aims to assess the knowledge regarding aggression among parents of school going children. Recommendation, we can study on Impact of the Aggression on student’s mental health and school performance.
A Systematic Review on the Role of Topical Corticosteroids for the Management of Radiation Dermatitis
Authors: Mirghani Hyder Osman , Albalawi Abdulmajeed Faisal , Alanazi Nawal Mohammed , Abusabir Dina Nasser , Alamrani Abrar Marwan , Alshehri Wejdan Mohammed , Alsayari Omar Abdullah , Alabbadi Hasan Mohssen , Aljohani Abdulrahman Mousa , Aljohani Anas Sulaiman , Abdullah Raghad Essam , Alshuhayeb Mohammed Abdulrahman , Gaedy Renad Abdulwahab Al , Alahmadi Hassan Sulaiman , Bahabri Ali Marwan
Published: October 2021

Background: Radiation dermatitis (RD) is a widespread complication of radiation therapy; however, there is still no agreement on the best treatment. The goal of this review is to go over how corticosteroids work throughout the treatment of radiation dermatitis.

Methodology: A comprehensive evaluation of randomized controlled trials, retrospective and prospective studies involving topical corticosteroid (TC) for the treatment of radiation dermatitis. A thorough search was carried out in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane library, Clinical trials.gov, and Google scholar. The original search took place in August and was updated on September 2021. There were no restrictions on terminology or dates. Two reviewers independently examined each of the listed papers. A search of the relevant studies of all of the mentioned publications yielded additional papers.

Results: We identified 19 studies on the role of corticosteroids for the prevention of radiation therapy. All the papers were published between 2001 and 2021. The total sample size of the included studies was 1974 with a mean sample size of 103.89. Among the included studies, four studies (21.05 %) represented head and neck cancer, 14 studies (73.68 %) were regarding breast cancer and 1 (5.26 %) hospital-based cross-sectional study represented multiple malignancies such as head and neck, breast and cervix carcinoma, respectively. Among all the participants, 1696 (85.91 %) were females while 278 (14.08 %) were males.

Conclusion: Prophylactic treatment with TC was found to minimize the rate of RD and wet desquamation. Participants who used topical steroids reported improved symptoms and a higher quality of life, whereas the use of topical steroids during radiation had few side effects. ARD can be prevented using topical corticosteroids, based on these findings. As a result, further research must be done on the most effective TC to utilize during radiation.
Effective Medicine Treatment for Corona Patients at Home in COVID 19 Pandemic - and Roles of Nurses and Doctors for Heart Failures Treatment Attached
Authors: Binh Vu Thanh , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc , Ngoc Pham Thi Bich , Nhung Pham Thi Hong , Hien Dinh Tran Ngoc , Hoang Ngo Huy
Published: October 2021

In the case of developing countries such as Vietnam, we will have a new approach of attacking corona virus and help patients at home with effective medicine treatment solutions as presented in this paper, it will help other nations as well and they can use it as reference.

Authors will use qualitative analysis and experience and expertise from experts to explore this solution.

Our study results show that there are several methods to treat corona patients at home effectively and that are tested in some countries including Vietnam. Currently Vietnam is testing Molnupiravir and other methods of treatment which will be presented, while WHO and Japan also have other approaches as presented in the study. Last but not least, authors suggest treatment of heart failures attached for patients and self-care knowledge for these patients.
A Questão Trans no Cenário Brasileiro
Authors: Preu Roberto de Oliveira , Brito Carolina Franco
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo possui como objetivo principal reunir dados existentes acerca da realidade da população transexual no Brasil e disponibilizá-los como meio de consulta para futuras produções científicas. Esta pesquisa foi realizada e dividida em duas partes. No primeiro momento apresenta-se uma breve cronologia de alguns acontecimentos importantes acerca da transexualidade no cenário brasileiro. No segundo, busca-se desenhar um panorama dessa realidade, a partir de dados e notícias publicados em diferentes meios de comunicação e artigos científicos. Faz-se uso de uma metodologia de análise bibliográfica de artigos sobre o tema referido e levantamento de dados recentes a respeito da transexualidade. Esta pesquisa mostra-se relevante visto que não há materiais de fácil acesso acerca de dados concernentes aos transexuais no Brasil.
A Estranha Liberdade de Odiar: uma análise do processo de Ação Civil Pública contra a resolução 01/2018 do Conselho Federal de Psicologia
Authors: Cavalcanti Céu , Carvalho Marina Wanderley Vilar , Bicalho Pedro Paulo Gastalho
Published: October 2021

Em janeiro de 2018 o Conselho Federal de Psicologia publica a resolução CFP 01/2018, que “estabelece normas de atuação para as psicólogas e os psicólogos em relação às pessoas transexuais e travestis”. Tal resolução prevê entre outras coisas, a necessidade de perspectivas despatologizantes no atendimento com pessoas trans, o fundamental respeito às autodeterminações de gênero e a perspectiva analítica de pensar em termos de cisnormatividade  sobre as relações de poder que atravessam as constituições de corpos trans e corpos não trans. Sendo um documento construído em diálogo com pesquisadoras, com profissionais de psicologia e com ativistas dos movimentos trans, ela rapidamente foi entendida como um avanço imenso em termos de legislação protetiva para a população trans. Apenas dois dias seguintes a publicação, o Ministério Público Federal em sua 4ª seção prepara uma Ação Civil Pública (ACP) contrária à resolução, alegando que esta configurar-se-ia uma grave ameaça à liberdade de expressão e de pensamento dos profissionais de psicologia no Brasil. Temos como objetivo nesse texto colocar em análise o processo da ACP entendendo este como um dispositivo que faz ver e falar racionalidades que atravessam as diferentes relações institucionais e profissionais com pessoas trans. A inconsistência argumentativa revela movimentos que podemos entender como relações entre a produção de verdade em processos jurídicos e a disseminação de discursos de ódio. O ódio às diferenças, aqui entendido como ódio transfóbico, mobiliza aparatos os mais diversos que vão desde o enfrentamento direto que culmina em assassinatos brutais, quanto o apagamento de pautas e tentativas de boicote a pequenos avanços em medidas de proteção e garantia, como parece ser o caso desta ACP. Após uma breve disputa discursiva, o processo foi extinto sem julgamento de mérito, porém, ele nos sinaliza que nessa senda, outros ataques certamente virão. E de fato já veio, em forma de insistência jurídica. Enquanto se faz necessária a construção de proteções às diferenças em diferentes campos, entendemos a grande importância de estarmos atentas a uma estranha organização de discursos, que a uma só vez se compõe como discursos de verdade, que as vezes nos fazem rir, mas que tem o poder institucional de matar.
Como falar do ódio fora do ódio? Buscando novas linguagens de enfrentamento e resistência
Authors: Motter Julianna Paz Japiassu
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o testemunho e a produção de outras linguagens como estratégias de enfrentamento ao discurso de ódio, entendendo que a linguagem é capaz de ferir, mas, simultaneamente, de dar outros sentidos e ressignificar as práticas de ódio que têm perpetuado na sociedade brasileira contemporânea, com ênfase nas atuações na internet e redes sociais. Entende-se que existem hoje recursos legislativos e jurídicos para denúncia e combate ao discurso de ódio contra mulheres e grupos vulnerabilizados, com devida atenção à Lei Lola, em vigência desde abril de 2018, mas que tais recursos não encerram o ódio e nem interrompem os danos causados pela linguagem odiosa. Ressaltando a relevância de pensar e arguir teoricamente sobre a necessidade de construir outras formas de sociedade, conclui-se que a produção de novas linguagens, que pretendam falar do ódio fora do ódio, surge como uma estratégia para conferir materialidade à violência causada pela linguagem, reumanizar suas vítimas e possibilitar que sejam construídas formas alternativas e discursivas de resistência.
Crimes de ódio e ataques morais contra feministas, LGBTs e defensores de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos
Authors: Lionço Tatiana , Peixoto Valdenízia Bento , Bacci Irina Karla
Published: October 2021

A proposta deste dossiê temático nasceu da expectativa em contribuir para a visibilidade dos crimes de ódio e ataques morais contra lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais, bem como contra ativistas feministas que se dedicam à luta por garantir direitos sexuais e direitos reprodutivos. Estamos em um contexto histórico de um fenômeno mundial de recrudescimento do conservadorismo e consequente retrocesso na agenda de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, sobretudo impulsionados pela incidência do discurso religioso na política.
2019: A revolução dos vírus ou Uma odisseia no espaço brasileiro
Authors: Fontes Ramon
Published: October 2021

Pensar como o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (hiv) ou a classe geral dos vírus podem ser acionadas em prol da construção de uma política de reação subjetiva contra as violências de gênero advindas do pensamento colonial e heteronormado, no território brasileiro, é o objetivo principal desse texto. A partir de uma experimentação na própria ideia de forma textual buscamos, eu e os vírus, produzir linhas de pensamento que atravessem xs leitorxs a partir de uma noção musical, ou de produção sonora em territórios microscópicos, micropolíticos e silenciados num país do sul global tomado por um regime de exceção.
Crime, sexualidade e opinião pública: o caso 108 y quemado em Assunção, 1959
Authors: Cuevas Clara Eliana
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo propomos uma reflexão sobre como a homossexualidade foi reprimida durante a ditadura paraguaia, repressão apoiada e incentivada por parte da população asuncena que utilizava os periódicos para exigir uma posição rigorosa das autoridades para o bom funcionamento “dos bons costumes”. A partir do assassinato de um locutor, uma grande onda de perseguição contra homossexuais foi levada a cabo, levando à prisão a mais de uma centena de pessoas acusadas de “duvidosa conduta moral”. Neste texto analisaremos documentos e notas periodísticas nas quais a questão homossexual aparece constantemente, rendendo muitas vendas aos jornais e criando um ambiente de grande hostilidade contra a homossexualidade, ambiente no qual as forças judiciais e policiais da ditadura serviram como ferramenta de controle e repressão.
Produções de verdade perante as vivências da sexualidade juvenil a partir da troca de fotos em aplicativos de celulares
Authors: Acosta Tassio
Published: October 2021

Objetiva-se analisar como se dá a formação discursiva sobre as sexualidades juvenis no cotidiano escolar a partir da ocorrência do compartilhamento de fotos sensuais, por meio de aplicativos de celulares. Compreende-se que a juventude atual nasceu inserida no cotidiano tecnológico e, por isso, novas sociabilidades são construídas, possibilitando novas experimentações de suas sexualidades. Utiliza-se o operador metodológico anarqueológico, presente no último Foucault, pelo entendimento de que a escola produz reiterados discursos de verdade com o intuito de produzir subjetividades. Sendo assim, a subjetividade passa a ser elemento central no discurso do ambiente escolar.
Vivências da sexualidade homoafetiva em Cabo Verde
Authors: Regatieri Ricardo Pagliuso
Published: October 2021

Homossexuais, gays e travestis em Mindelo: entre identidades e resistências é o resultado do Mestrado em Ciências Sociais da pesquisadora cabo-verdiana Lurena Delgado Silva. Trata-se de uma radiografia de vivências da sexualidade homoafetiva no exato momento em que essa começava a ganhar visibilidade no país africano em virtude da organização das duas primeiras Paradas do Orgulho Gay em Cabo Verde em 2013 e 2014. A pesquisa de campo da autora teve lugar entre 2012 e 2014 e foi realizada por meio de 22 entrevistas com homens que se autodefinem como gays, com idades entre 17 e 41 anos, facilitadas pela mediação da Associação Gay Cabo-Verdiana Contra a Discriminação (AGCCD), fundada em 2011 em Mindelo.
Paradoxos da (in)visibilidade na migração LGBTIQ+
Authors: Theodoro Hadriel
Published: October 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é estabelecer um conjunto de reflexões teóricas a respeito dos regimes de (in)visibilidade na/da migração de sujeitos LGBTIQ+. A partir de uma perspectiva transdisciplinar, discute-se a hegemonia das visualidades na contemporaneidade, as dinâmicas constitutivas das políticas de visibilidade e suas implicações nas experiências de vida de imigrantes e refugiadas/os LGBTIQ+.
Migrar para o litoral: onde nossas histórias se encontram
Authors: Ferro Sérgio Pessoa
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho conta um capítulo a história de vida de Nina Kelly, nascida em 1959, travesti, transformista, costureira, destaque de escola de samba. Do interior da Paraíba, migrou para a capital ainda adolescente, onde se estabeleceu. A narrativa foi construída com base numa metodologia interdisciplinar, elegendo o gênero textual da entrevista comentada como método de produção discursiva. Posicionamos os estudos sobre direitos humanos entre a teoria literária, história, geografia, psicologia e direito. Como fontes primárias de informação, manejamos, além da entrevista semiestruturada, fotografias decorrentes do acervo pessoal da sujeita. A perspectiva de Maurice Halbwachs nos oferece o conceito de memória enquanto construção social, de modo que o individual e o coletivo se cruzam em nossas lembranças, encontrando na trajetória de migração um ponto de interseção entre nossas histórias. Assim, através das reminiscências de Nina, pretendemos mergulhar na memória social da comunidade sexo-gênero dissidente brasileira em seus deslocamentos no espaço.
Gênero na encruzilhada: Um olhar em torno do debate sobre vivências trans no candomblé
Authors: Flor do nascimento Wanderson , Odara Thiffany
Published: October 2021

O polêmico debate sobre a presença das pessoas trans nos terreiros de candomblé e suas vivências nesses espaços tem se intensificado nos últimos anos. Como um modo de colaboração para o debate, este artigo tem como objetivo discutir algumas ideias presentes no próprio terreiro que tem sido tensionadas no debate e discuti-las partindo dos próprios modos de os terreiros, em suas heranças africanas, pensarem a realidade. O entendimento da tradição, o lugar do corpo no terreiro e os impactos das modificações corporais, as funções das vestimentas e da atribuição dos cargos servirão, em nosso esforço, para oferecer caminhas para encruzilhar o debate em torno das experiências trans nos terreiros, buscando evitar a colonização dos elementos do debate, sem desconsiderar a dimensão do acolhimento, que historicamente tem caracterizado o espaço dos terreiros
Docência universitária e a formação de professores de Educação Física: a relação entre conteúdos, gênero e sexualidade
Authors: Iwamoto Thiago Camargo , Amorim Wanderson Alves , Seabra André Luis dos Santos
Published: October 2021

A atual conjuntura das políticas públicas e educacionais tem problematizado a discussão sobre gênero e sexualidade dentro do âmbito escolar, justificando-se a partir de uma perspectiva hegemônica do patriarcado. Os documentos norteadores desse contexto têm sido modificados a fim de atender a esses preceitos hegemônicos. Com isso, há impacto direto sobre o processo de formação dos professores de Educação Física, sobretudo na contextualização de gênero e sexualidade em consonância com os conteúdos da cultura corporal. Entendemos que o processo de formação tem relação direta com a atuação do docente universitário e as contribuições que esses têm para a formação de professores em Educação Física. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar e analisar os discursos de docentes sobre gênero e sexualidade, e se a relação é estabelecida com as práticas corporais, favorecendo a formação universitária de professores de Educação Física. A natureza do estudo tem característica de pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando-se do método de Análise de Discurso. Para isso foi aplicado um questionário aberto contendo sete questões para os docentes universitários que atuam diretamente com o estágio supervisionado escolar em Educação Física. Foi possível identificar uma similaridade entre os discursos dos docentes em que é necessário discutir dentro da formação acadêmica as questões sobre gênero e sexualidade, realizando a relação com as práticas corporais. Dentre os docentes, apenas um docente alicerça suas práticas e diálogos baseados em ideias biologicista, entendendo que as práticas devem atender as questões biofisiológicas. Assim, percebe-se que há uma preocupação e necessidade de discorrer sobre essa temática durante o processo formativo, mas ainda há pouca fundamentação para o um trato mais técnico e específico.
“Semi-hétero nem é gente”: Uma análise da bifobia em espaços de cibersociabilidade homossexual
Authors: Saldanha Inácio dos Santos
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar declarações bifóbicas, isto é, negativas à bissexualidade e a indivíduos bissexuais, em dois espaços de cibersociabilidade homossexual: o fórum Pan e uma publicação da página Resistência Gay no site Facebook, ambos acessados majoritariamente por homens gays cisgêneros. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método da etnografia virtual; as discussões entre os jovens homossexuais destacam a negação da existência da bissexualidade, a associação dos bissexuais com a contaminação do HIV, com um conjunto de comportamentos imorais e com uma tendência aos privilégios heterossexuais. Os resultados aproximam-se da enumeração de “estratégias do apagamento bissexual” proposta por Kenji Yoshino (2000).
Masculinidades híbridas em contexto escolar: mudanças em curso ou reprodução do status quo?
Authors: Santos Hugo
Published: October 2021

É ponto assente que o conceito de masculinidade hegemónica tem sido mobilizado como uma dimensão explicativa da expressão do sexismo e da homofobia na escola. Contudo, hoje fala-se de masculinidades híbridas que dão conta de transformações contemporâneas no campo da masculinidade, ainda que seja um conceito pouco debatido ou trabalhado a partir da empiria. Partindo de um estudo em concreto sobre homofobia escolar em Portugal, com recurso metodológico a uma diversidade de técnicas qualitativas – grupos focais, entrevistas e observação participante –, discute-se se o conceito de masculinidade híbrida serve como referencial para pensar as masculinidades hoje na escola. Detalhando-se três das suas dimensões – distanciamento discursivo, paternalismo subtil e emprego estratégico de elementos subordinados –, argumenta-se que é um bom indicador, não obstante a necessidade de mais aprofundamento. Espera-se que este artigo contribua para o debate.
High‐Harmonic Optical Vortex Generation from Photonic Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Kang Lei , Wu Yuhao , Ma Xuezhi , Lan Shoufeng , Werner Douglas H.
Published: October 2021

Stemming from bound states in the continuum (BICs), momentum‐space polarization vortices observed in photonic structures provide an attractive approach to generating optical vortex (OV) beams. On the other hand, dominated by the selection rules, the harmonic generation from nanostructures exhibits a nonlinear geometric phase that depends on both the harmonic orders and the handedness of circularly polarized harmonic signals. Here, the third‐ and fifth‐harmonic optical vortex generation from an amorphous silicon photonic crystal slab, supporting the guided resonance associated with BICs at near infrared wavelengths, is numerically demonstrated. The results show that, determined by the nonlinearity phase, the topological charge (lnω) associated with the nth‐harmonic OV beams follows σ(n∓1)q, where q is the polarization charge of the BIC and the ∓ sign represents the opposite or same polarization of the nth‐harmonic signal relative to the circular polarization state (σ) of the fundamental waves. Exploiting harmonic multiplexing, this approach can significantly improve the channel capacity of OV generators based on topologically protected optical BICs.
Unraveling the Enhanced Kinetics of Sr2Fe1+xMo1‐xO6‐δ Electrocatalysts for High‐Performance Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Xi Xiuan , Liu Jianwen , Luo Wenzhi , Fan Yun , Zhang Jiujun , Luo Jing‐Li , Fu Xian‐Zhu
Published: October 2021

The performance of Sr2FeMoO6–σ double perovskites can be significantly enhanced by optimizing the ratio of Fe/Mo as a promising electrode material for solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells. However, the intrinsic origin is still doubt for the improvement of Sr2FeMoO6–σ sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics. Herein, their electronic structures are investigated by partial replacement of Mo with Fe ions. As the Fe content in Sr2Fe1+xMo1–xO6–δ is increased, its oxidation state increases, which enhances the metal–oxygen hybridization and shifts its bulk O p band energy toward the Fermi level. These electronic and structural variations decrease the O‐vacancy formation and migration energy, which, in turn, facilitates the formation of more oxygen vacancy defects and O ion transport, promoting the full contact between analytes and active B‐site transition metals and also the catalytic reaction kinetics. Consequently, the solid oxide cells with optimized Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6–σ electrodes operating at 800 °C demonstrate high power density of 1.24 W cm−2 using H2 as fuel, and large CO2 electrolysis current density of 1.5 A cm−2 at 1.5 V, which are comparable with those of current state‐of‐the‐art Ni‐based catalysts. The findings provide a new understanding for the origin of the enhanced reaction kinetics of Sr2Fe1+xMo1–xO6–δ serial materials by increasing Fe doping.
Promise of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Ito Daisuke
Published: October 2021

Nucleic acid therapeutics have been attracting attention as novel drug discovery modalities for intractable diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review provides an overview of the current status and prospects of antisense oligonucleotide treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recently, the results of a phase I/II study using the antisense oligonucleotides Tofersen to treat familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase 1 mutation have been reported. Intrathecal Tofersen administration resulted in a 36% reduction in superoxide dismutase 1 level in the cerebrospinal fluid. Another report described 2 patients with mutant superoxide dismutase 1 treated with an adeno‐associated virus encoding a microRNA targeting superoxide dismutase 1. The first patient, who possessed the fast progressive mutant A5V, received a single intrathecal infusion. Although the patient died of respiratory arrest 16 months after treatment, autopsy findings showed a reduction of >90% in superoxide dismutase 1 level in the spinal cord. Clinical trials on antisense oligonucleotide therapies targeting other major amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐causative genes, fused in sarcoma and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72, are ongoing. To attenuate the pathology of TDP‐43, strategies targeting regulators of TDP‐43 (ataxin 2) and proteins downstream of TDP‐43 (stathmin 2) by antisense oligonucleotides are being developed. The advent of nucleic acid therapeutics has enabled to specifically attack the molecules in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathological cascade, expanding the options for therapeutic targets. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:13–20
Synthesis, characterization, potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, DNA binding, and molecular docking activities and DFT on novel Co(II), Ni(II), VO(II), Cr(III), and La(III) Schiff base complexes
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Laila H. , Basha Maram T. , Al‐Farhan Badriah Saad , Shehata Mohamed R. , Abdalla Ehab M.
Published: October 2021

In this study, five novel complexes for Co(II), Ni(II), VO(II), Cr(III), and La(III) ions were synthesized from a tridentate NNO monobasic chelating Schiff base ligand, (Z)‐2‐((pyridin‐2‐ylimino)methyl)phenol (HL). Spectral and analytical tools were applied to elucidate the structural compositions of the new compounds. Then, geometry optimization was conducted for all the syntheses by the Gaussian 09 program via the density functional theory method to obtain optimal structures and the most essential parameters. Moreover, the biochemical behaviors of all the syntheses were explored based on the reactivity, which was tested against various cancer cell lines (HepG‐2, MCF‐7, and HCT‐116). The complexes exhibited an interestingly antiproliferative potential against human cancer cell lines, and the cytotoxicities of the new complexes were arranged to follow the order: VOL > CrL > NiL > LaL > CoL > HL. The antioxidant behaviors of the complexes were studied using the DPPH assay, and VOL showed the maximum antioxidant activity, followed by LaL. The antibacterial activities of the HL ligand and its complexes were studied. Moreover, the binding nature of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) was investigated based on the spectrophotometric absorption titration, viscosity, and gel electrophoresis methods. The binding ability of the complexes with CT‐DNA was proposed to be just intercalation or replacement mode. The intrinsic binding constant Kb was calculated and arranged based on the following order: VOL (5.2 × 105) > CrL (3.6 × 105) > NiL (3.3 × 105) > LaL (3.0 × 105) > CoL (1.12 × 105) mol−1 dm−3. Docking investigations were performed using the receptors of COVID‐19's main protease viral protein (PDB ID: 6LU7) and Escherichia coli (gram [–ve] bacteria [PDB ID: 1fj4]).
Effect of different cell disruption methods on lipid yield of Schizochytrium sp.
Authors: Hac İsa Mustafa , Metin Cansu , Ercan Ertan , Alparslan Yunus
Published: October 2021

In this study, it was investigated to increase the lipid yield of the microalgae Schizochytrium sp., by applying different cell disruption methods; acid treatment with HCl, osmotic shock, enzyme applications and ultrasonic homogenizer were combined with the Bligh and Dyer or Soxhlet methods. In the Soxhlet method, the lipid and fatty acid yields decreased due to the inability of the method to break down the lipid cells sufficiently and the high temperature application. Enzyme application (hemicellulase treatment at 55°C for 2 days) prior to Bligh and Dyer method (BDE) was found more efficient in terms of lipid and DHA yield compared to other methods. BDE process increased the lipid yield to 21.72 ± 0.74% and DHA content to 19.25 ± 0.09% from lipid yield of 18.87 ± 0.4% and DHA content of 18.41 ± 0.20% by the Bligh and Dyer control (BDC). Major saturated fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 24:0 and the highest saturated fatty acid was 16:0 (palmitic acid). Lipid health indices such as n‐6/n‐3, PUFA/SFA, atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratios were almost favorable. With this study, appropriate lipid extraction methods were studied to provide an economical and environmental friendly suggestion for future studies to be used in areas such as food, feed and cosmetics grade. It was concluded that the most convenient method among the cell disruption methods was BDE owing to lipid and fatty acid yield.
Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Eucalyptus torquata Luehm. and Eucalyptus salmonophloia F. Muell. Trunk Bark Essential Oils against Human SW620 and MDA‐MB‐231 Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Lahmadi Ghofrane , Lahmar Aida , Znati Mansour , Elaieb Mohamed Tahar , Khouja Mohamed Larbi , Ascrizzi Roberta , Flamini Guido , Harrath Abdel Halim , Chekir‐Ghedira Leila , Jannet Hichem Ben
Published: October 2021

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the screening of natural active ingredients from Eucalyptus essential oils because of their evident importance in practical utility and their undeniable therapeutic properties. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical profile of the essential oils of the trunk bark of Eucalyptus torquata Luehm. (ETEO), and E. salmonophloia F. Muell. (ESEO), growing in Tunisia. The in vitro cytotoxic properties of the extracted EOs were also evaluated against two human cancer cell lines: breast carcinoma cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 and colorectal cancer cell lines SW620. The analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) led to the identification of 32 compounds from the ETEO, with the dominant constituents being the monoterpenes trans‐myrtanol (73.4 %) and myrtenol (4.7 %), and the apocarotene (E)‐β‐ionone (3.9 %). In the case of ESEO, 29 compounds were identified with trans‐myrtanol (25.0 %), decanoic acid (22.1 %), nonanoic acid (9.8 %), γ‐elemene (6.5 %), γ‐maaliene (5.5 %), and α‐terpineol (5.3 %) as the main components. The cytotoxicity of EOs against the two chosen cell lines was tested using Crystal Violet Staining (CVS) assay and 5‐fluorouracil as a reference drug. The two EOs exhibited a significant dose‐dependent inhibition against the viability of the used cell lines. Their inhibitory effects were particularly observed towards SW620 colon carcinoma cells with IC50 values of 26.71±1.22 and 22.21±0.85 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that both oils were more cytotoxic for SW620 cells compared to MDA‐MB‐231 one.
An improved secure and efficient group key agreement scheme in VANETs
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Ping , Zhang Songsong , Xie Yong
Published: October 2021

VANET is a wireless mobile network that can provide communication for vehicles and roadside units. The security and efficiency of its key agreement scheme are critical. After analyzing the security defects of the VANET key agreement scheme of Liu et al., an improved secure and efficient group key agreement scheme in VANETs is proposed in this paper. We construct a group key agreement scheme replacing the bilinear pair with elliptic curve cryptography, which can achieve a higher level of security. A strict security analysis is given to prove that the scheme meets various security requirements of VANETs. Compared with similar schemes, the performance analysis shows that the computation cost and communication cost of the proposed scheme are significantly reduced.
Untangling multi‐scale habitat relationships of an endangered frog in streams to inform reintroduction programs
Authors: Brown Cathy , Nowakowski A. Justin , Keung Neil C. , Lawler Sharon P. , Todd Brian D.
Published: October 2021

Successful reintroductions of endangered species rely on comprehensive knowledge of habitat requirements across spatial and temporal scales. To inform designs of reintroduction programs, we studied habitat selection of the federally endangered Sierra Nevada yellow‐legged frog (Rana sierrae) in streams in its northern range. We quantified multi‐scale habitat use across diverse streams, habitat types within streams, and seasonal flows. In one intermittent stream, we compared habitat selection between wild and captive‐reared frogs that were released as a population augmentation. We analyzed habitat selection of seasonal habitat unit types (e.g., pool, riffle, cascades) and dimensions, and microhabitat hydrology and cover.R. sierraeappeared able to meet its ecological requirements in a variety of habitats. Study streams ranged from third‐order perennial streams to first‐order intermittent headwater creeks. Perennial streams retained a variety of habitats across flows whereas intermittent streams dried to just a few pools. Frogs used all seasonal habitat types but selected deeper pools most often relative to available habitats in intermittent streams and selected riffles or showed no preference in perennial streams. Frogs avoided fast deep‐water microhabitats, but, otherwise, preferred flowing water or deeper water without flow. Our results suggest that diverse streams can be considered candidates for reintroductions. Within intermittent streams, deeper perennial pools may provide more stable release sites, whereas non‐pool habitats may be safer in perennial streams with fish. Importantly, captive‐reared frogs selected similar habitats as wild frogs, suggesting that captivity does not alter habitat selection behaviors post‐release and that reintroduction designs for this species can be based on wild frog preferences. By improving our understanding of how habitat use varies among different types of streams and differs seasonally in response to changing habitat conditions, our results inform the design of effective reintroduction programs for frogs in streams.
Association between hypertension requiring medication and 30‐day outcomes in head and neck microvascular surgery
Authors: Brauer Philip R. , Byrne Patrick J. , Prendes Brandon L. , Ku Jamie A. , Ciolek Peter J. , Jia Xuefei , Lamarre Eric D.
Published: October 2021

Background

Hypertension has been shown to be both a protective factor and a risk factor for complications in head and neck reconstructive surgery.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of microvascular free tissue transfer patients using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Results

Hypertensive patients (n = 1598; 46.9%) had a significantly higher rate of complications, including pneumonia (p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (p = 0.003), and intra/post‐operative transfusion (p < 0.001). In a multivariable model, hypertension was associated with returning to the operating room (OR = 1.45 [95% CI 1.20, 1.76], p < 0.001), post‐operative medical complications (OR = 1.53 [95% CI 1.24, 1.90], p < 0.001), and surgical complications (OR = 1.17 [95% CI 1.00, 1.37], p = 0.047). However, no difference in 30‐day readmission was found (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for post‐operative complications in head and neck free tissue transfer, in which prospective studies are required to establish causation. This study may serve as an impetus for proactive recommendations to manage hypertension before undergoing head and neck microvascular surgery.
Feedback‐regulated transcriptional repression of FBXO31 by c‐Myc triggers ovarian cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Islam Sehbanul , Dutta Parul , Sahay Osheen , Gopalakrishnan Kesavaperumal , Muhury Sushrita Roy , Parameshwar Parinitha , Shetty Praveenkumar , Santra Manas Kumar
Published: October 2021

FBXO31, a member of F‐box protein family, has been shown to play an important role in preventing tumorigenesis by preserving genomic stability during cell proliferation as well as upon genotoxic stress. Inactivation of FBXO31 due to loss of heterozygosity is associated with various cancers, including ovarian cancer, one of the deadliest forms of gynecological cancers. However, the role and regulation of FBXO31 in ovarian cancer remained elusive. Here, using biochemical and molecular biology techniques, we show that c‐Myc suppresses the mRNA levels of FBXO31 in ovarian cancer. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment showed that c‐Myc is recruited to the promoter region of FBXO31 and prevents FBXO31 mRNA synthesis. In contrast, FBXO31 maintains the c‐Myc expression at an optimum through proteasome pathway. FBXO31 interacts with and facilitates the polyubiquitination of c‐Myc through the SCF complex and thereby inhibits ovarian cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, FBXO31‐mediated proteasomal degradation of c‐Myc is unique. Unlike other negative regulators, FBXO31 recognizes c‐Myc in phosphorylation independent manner to direct its degradation. Further, expression levels analysis revealed that c‐Myc and FBXO31 share a converse correlation of expression in ovarian cancer cell lines and patient samples. We observed an increase in the expression levels of c‐Myc with a concomitant decrease in the levels of FBXO31 in higher grades of ovarian cancer patient samples. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that oncogene c‐Myc impairs the tumor‐suppressive functions of FBXO31 to promote ovarian cancer progression, and therefore c‐Myc‐FBXO31 axis can be explored to develop better cancer therapy.
Social inequalities in treatment receipt for childhood cancers in Ireland: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Molcho Michal , Thomas Audrey A. , Walsh Paul M. , Skinner Roderick , Sharp Linda
Published: October 2021

Treatment advances over the past five decades have resulted in significant improvements in survival from childhood cancer. Although survival rates are relatively high, social disparities in outcomes have been sometimes observed. In a population‐based study, we investigated social inequalities by sex and deprivation in treatment receipt in childhood cancer in Ireland. Cancers incident in people aged 0 to 19 during 1994 to 2012 and treatments received were abstracted from the National Cancer Registry Ireland. Multivariable modified Poisson regression with robust error variance (adjusting for age, and year) was used to assess associations between sex and deprivation category of area of residence at diagnosis and receipt of cancer‐directed surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Three thousand seven hundred and four childhood cancers were included. Girls were significantly less likely than boys to receive radiotherapy for leukemia overall (relative risk [RR] = 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50‐0.98), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia specifically (RR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.36‐0.79), and surgery for central nervous system (CNS) overall (RR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.74‐0.93) and other CNS (RR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.60‐0.96). Girls were slightly less likely to receive chemotherapy for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and surgery for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), but these results were not statistically significant. Children residing in more deprived areas were significantly less likely to receive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia or surgery for lymphoma overall and HL, but more likely to receive chemotherapy for medulloblastoma. These results may suggest social inequalities in treatment receipt for childhood cancers. Further research is warranted to explore whether similar patterns are evident in other childhood cancer populations and to better understand the reasons for the findings.
Body composition and osteoporotic fracture using anthropometric prediction equations to assess muscle and fat masses
Authors: Hong Changbin , Choi Seulggie , Park Minseon , Park Sang Min , Lee Gyeongsil
Published: October 2021

Background

Obesity is protective of bone health; however, abdominal obesity is associated with a higher fracture risk. Little is known about whether body composition protects or adversely affects osteoporotic fractures because of practical issues regarding assessment tools. This study aimed to evaluate the association of predicted body composition with fracture risk to determine the distinctive and differing effects of muscle or fat mass on bone health outcomes in the general population.

Methods

This population‐based, longitudinal cohort study used 2009–2010 Korean National Health Insurance Service data and follow‐up data from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013, to determine the incidence of osteoporotic fracture (total, spine, and non‐spine) defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. The study participants were aged ≥50 years (men, 158 426; women, 131 587). The predicted lean body mass index (pLBMI), appendicular skeletal muscle index (pASMI), and body fat mass index (pBFMI) were used to assess body composition, using anthropometric prediction equations.

Results

Over a 3 year follow‐up, we identified 2350 and 6175 fractures in men and women, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 60.2 ± 8.3 and 60.7 ± 8.4 years in men and women, respectively. In a multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model, increasing pLBMI or pASMI was significantly associated with a decreased risk of total fractures in men and women. When comparing individuals in the lowest pLBMI and pASMI (reference groups), men with the highest pLBMI and pASMI had adjusted hazard ratios of 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.83] and 0.62 (95% CI 0.47–0.82), and women with the highest pLBMI and pASMI had adjusted hazard ratios of 0.72 (95% CI 0.60–0.85) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.60–0.85), respectively, for total fractures. The pBFMI had no significant association with total fractures in men or women. Regarding sex‐specific or site‐specific differences, the protective effects of the pLBMI and pASMI on fractures were greater in men and reduced the risk of spinal fractures. An increased pBFMI was associated with an increased risk of spinal fractures in women.

Conclusions

An increased pLBMI or pASMI was significantly associated with decreased total osteoporotic fracture risk; however, the pBFMI showed no statistically significant association. Muscle mass was more important than fat mass in preventing future osteoporotic fractures based on anthropometric prediction equations.
Effect of protective bed composition on deactivation of a hydrotreating catalyst
Authors: Yunusov Mirakhmad P , Teshabaev Zafar A , Mirzaeva Elena I , Nasullaev Khikmatullo A , Ergashev Makhmudjon M , Ruzimuradov Olim N , Murzin Dmitry Yu
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

The relationship between the chemical composition, texture, and the shape of the granules of the protective bed upstream hydrotreating, that influences the degree of metal removal from the residual vacuum gas oil, is a critical issue in oil refining.

RESULTS

The character of the metal and sulphur distribution on the surface and in the volume of granules of the protective beds was studied for the model mixtures enriched with typical compounds deactivating hydrodesulphurization catalysts. The protective bed was operated along with the demetallization catalyst synthesized using local mineral raw materials (e.g., Angren high‐quality enriched kaolin) and production wastes (spent alumina sorbent from Shurtan gas chemical complex).

CONCLUSION

It is shown, the use of a two‐bed protective system most effectively extended the life‐time of the main hydrotreating catalyst. The spent and deactivated Al‐Co‐Mo catalyst can be efficiently used in the synthesis of the catalyst used for the pre‐cleaning upstream hydrotreating. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).