bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF CATALYTIC BEHAVIOURS OF THE SPINEL STRUCTURE NdxMg1- xAl2O4 COMPOSITION WITH ZSM-5 ZEOLITE IN ETHYLBENZENE DISPROPORTIONATION
Authors:   Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Mahmudova N.I.
Published: April 2024

Nanosized (10–15 nm) powders of spinel structures NdxMg1–xAl2O4 were obtained by low-temperature combustion of aluminium, magnesium, neodymium nitrate solutions, diethylmalonate, and hydrazine monohydrate with further calcination of nanopowders at 1000 °C, which were used in the preparation of catalytic compositions with ZSM-5 zeolite. The obtained catalytic compositions were characterized by X-ray diffraction, pyridine adsorption, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The acidic properties and porosity of the catalysts were altered by controlling the concentration of nanopowder (1.0–7.0 wt.%) in the catalytic composition. The interaction of the modifier with HZSM-5 zeolite leads to a decrease in specific surface area and pore volume, as well as reduse of strong Bronsted acid sites (B) and an increase in the concentration of medium Lewis acid sites (L), resulting in a change in the B/L ratio from 3.61 to 0.23. The ongoing variations contributed mainly to an enhancement of the para-selectivity of the catalytic composition in the ethylbenzene disproportionation reaction. The catalytic composition of 5% Nd0.1Mg0.9Al2O4 with a pore volume of 0.15 cm3/g and an acid site B/L ratio of 0.27 demonstrates a maximum selectivity to p-diethylbenzene of 75.6% with a conversion of ethylbenzene of 23.7%.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE (PVP) ON HYDRATION PROCESSES IN ELECTROLYTES
Authors:   Institute for Physics Problem, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Bagirova S.R.
Published: April 2024

The paper investigates the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the sum of the hydration numbers of anions and cations of salts KJ and К2SO4. The sum of hydration numbers was determined by the refractometric method. The data obtained show that the presence of the polymer in the electrolyte solution reduces the value of h,+ h2 which is associated with competition between polymer molecules and ions during the hydration process.
Citrus aurantium L. PEELS AND SEEDS: PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Technique, Al Rasheed University College, Iraq, Alzand Kutaiba Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

In this intriguing study, orange peel and seed extracts were tested for their antibacterial effects against pathogens isolated from urinary tract infections and wound swabs. Ethanol and acetone extracts demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The ethanol extract showed larger inhibition zones against P. mirabilis (27 mm) compared to acetone extract. There was a significant decrease in bacterial growth when acetone extract was used, with the largest inhibition observed E. coli (23 mm). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and saponin in the extracts, except for acetone extract lacking terpenoids and saponin. This in vitro study demonstrates the significant antibacterial activity of Citrus aurantium peels and seeds against a range of common bacterial pathogens. These findings warrant further investigation to assess the potential real-world applications of these extracts, including toxicity testing and determination of optimal dosage.
Different Philosophical Conceptions of Democracy
Authors:   Goethe University Frankfurt, Carlsen Häggrot Marcus
Published: April 2024

This chapter reconstructs prominent philosophical conceptions of democracy and relates them to key positions and arguments in the field of voting ethics. The chapter specifically describes minimalist, aggregative, deliberative, and counter-majoritarian conceptions of democracy. It further surveys the scholarly literature on the ethics of electoral participation, electoral ends, and voter knowledge, and comprehensively outlines contemporary scholars’ positions and arguments on these matters. Lastly, the chapter traces the philosophical relations that implicitly exist between the individual conceptions of democracy and the various voting ethical arguments. It notably finds that whereas the aggregative conception of democracy coheres with a broad variety of voting ethical arguments, the minimalist, deliberative, and counter-majoritarian conceptions are philosophically incompatible with quite a number of the arguments in the voting ethical literature. Based on this finding, the chapter concludes that in the field of voting ethics, insufficient attention has been paid to developing a voting ethics that can be reconciled with minimalist, deliberative, and counter-majoritarian democracy conceptions, and that attempts to do so face the challenge of negotiating these conceptions’ view of democratic politics as an articulated, multi-stranded process in which voters and voting are only one element among others.
How Inequality Influences the Ethical Conflicts Facing Voters
Authors:   Stockholm University, Beckman Ludvig , Volacu Alexandru ,   University of Bucharest
Published: April 2024

The aim of this chaim is to highlight the problem of differential privilege in democratic contexts, by developing a range of hypothetical scenarios which illustrate how various kinds of inequalities can give rise to electoral dilemmas for more and less privileged citizens. The chapter begins by outlining some of the key empirical and conceptual discussions regarding (socio-economic) inequality and privilege, and their relevance when it comes to electoral processes and decision-making. Subsequently, it constructs two sets of scenarios that depict voter-centred ethical dilemmas in which the (un)privileged status of the potential voter grounds (at least in part) a pro tanto reason to choose certain alternatives. The first set of scenarios addresses questions of electoral participation, in a range of contexts that include differentially privileged individuals from an economic or epistemic point of view, but also cases where some citizens face disproportional costs for casting a ballot (due to social norms, occupational challenges, intellectual or mobility disadvantages etc.), or where citizens belonging to more discriminated groups (e.g. the LGBTQ+ community) have to choose whether to vote in referendums. The second set of scenarios addresses questions related to how voting is exercised and includes cases involving vote selling by the economically disadvantaged, age differences, caretaking duties, as well as ethical aspects stemming from the value of descriptive representation, particularly when it comes to gender. Drawing on the collection of scenarios offered, the chapter is instrumental in showing how a wide range of inequalities can play an important role in the ethical evaluation of electoral decision-making, following from the (un)privileged status of citizens.
Instante, Salto, Epifania E Transformação: Filosofia, Literatura E Psicologia Clínica
Authors: Feijoo Ana Maria Lopez Calvo de
Published: April 2024

A partir da leitura detalhada de algumas obras de Heidegger e Kierkegaard, bem como da literatura tal como apresentada por Lispector, Kierkegaard e Tchekhov, pretendemos mostrar como o instante sustenta a possibilidade de salto, epifania e transformação. Com isso, podermos sustentar que a clínica psicológica pode atuar de modo a alcançar para além da mudança, a possibilidade de transformação. Para tanto, trabalharemos essencialmente com três princípios metodológicos: leitura dos textos em que Kierkegaard e Heidegger tratam do salto e do instante, respectivamente; ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e leitura crítica de bibliografia secundária, que procuramos em banco de dados; leitura dos romances de Clarice Lispector, Sören Kierkegaard e Anton Tchekhov de modo a poder apreender o acontecimento da epifania. Por fim, mostraremos em um fragmento de um discurso clínico a transformação como acontecimento na clínica.
Notas Sobre O Projeto Da Fenomenologia Meôntica De Eugen Fink
Authors: Coli Anna Luiza
Published: April 2024

Partindo de um recorte muito específico e que privilegia o problema da constituição, o presente artigo pretende apontar os pilares argumentativos do que podemos chamar de “projeto de fenomenologia meôntica”, que Fink desenvolveu em diálogo e ao mesmo tempo em confronto com a fenomenologia de Husserl, de quem foi o último assistente e principal colaborador. A intenção do artigo é mostrar como o problema da constituição – ou, na formulação imortalizada pela fenomenologia francesa, “o problema da origem do mundo” – foi sendo delineado já em Presentificação e Imagem e aparece de modo mais claro na obra mais importante desse período, a IV. Meditação Cartesiana, mas também – e, talvez de modo mais impactante para a recepção francesa da fenomenologia husserliana – no famoso artigo publicado em 1933 na Kant-Studien. Por fim, defendo que, diante do problema da constituição/origem do mundo, a fenomenologia de Fink se deixa compreender melhor pelo predicado ‘meôntica’, rompendo com a determinação husserliana de uma fenomenologia ‘transcendental’.
Construção E Reflexão: Acerca Do Idealismo Transcendental Em Fink E Fichte
Authors: Schnell Alexander
Published: April 2024

No presente artigo o autor discorre acerca das convergências, distinções e transformações existentes entre a proposta de uma fenomenologia meôntica de Fink e a Wissenschaftslehre de Fichte. Através da realização de um “debate virtual” entre os projetos desses dois autores e suas concepções a respeito da fundação sistemática de um idealismo transcendental, Schnell procura, a partir dessa relação, extrair certas consequências tanto para a pesquisa fenomenológica em geral, como para sua relação com a filosofia clássica alemã.
O Existir na Pele Preta: contribuições de Fanon para a Psicologia Existencial
Authors: Alvarenga Oliveira Santos Gustavo
Published: April 2024

O presente texto discute a questão da diferença ontológica, segundo a perspectiva dos pensadores decolonias e sua importância para a Psicologia Existencial. Em um primeiro momento, o artigo argumenta que a Psicologia Existencial deve se atentar para a ontologia do colonizado, uma vez que as bases filosóficas na qual se embasa é prioritariamente européia e desconsidera as especificidades da experiência pós-colonial sob o ponto de vista do coloni-zado. Essa experiência foi descrita pelo psiquiatra martinicano Franz Fanon, cuja obra pode embasar a construção de uma Psicologia Existencial anti-racista. Entende-se que o racismo é constitutivo da modernidade-colonialidade estando contido nas ontologias européias desde a moderna, como a de Descartes, à contemporânea como a proposta por Heidegger. Fanon pro-picia um desvelamento desse racismo estrutural na filosofia moderna, ao realçar a experiência do preto colonizado o que, segundo os autores do movimento decolonial como Dussel, Maldo-nado-Torres e Alberto Quijano, contribuiu para a consolidação desse movimento. O texto con-clui realçando a importância de uma Psicologia plural e atenta à diversidade das experiências.
Courbe environnementale de Kuznets : un réexamen des canaux de transmission dans les pays en développement
Authors:   Centre de Recherche d’Economie (CRE) - Faculté des Sciences Economique et de Gestion / Université d’Abomey-Calavi, VODA Rock , EGGOH Jude ,   Centre de Recherche d’Economie (CRE) - Faculté des Sciences Economique et de Gestion / Université d’Abomey-Calavi
Published: April 2024

Résumé : Cet article revisite la relation entre la croissance économique et la qualité de l’environnement, en mettant en évidence les canaux de transmission, à partir d’un panel de 41 pays en développement sur la période 1995–2020. Au-delà des émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), le présent article prend en compte d’autres gaz à effets de serre tels que le méthane (CH4) et protoxyde d’azote (N2O). La démarche méthodologique se base essentiellement sur des modèles de régression statiques et dynamiques. Les résultats obtenus confirment l’effet positif de l’accroissement du revenu sur la dégradation de l’environnement. Par ailleurs, l’examen de la non-linéarité a révélé que l’impact négatif de l’accroissement du revenu sur la qualité de l’environnement peut être atténué si l’accroissement du revenu contribue à l’amélioration du niveau d’éducation, des IDE, du développement financier, de l’ouverture commerciale, ou encore de l’urbanisation. Ces résultats ont permis de formuler des recommandations de politiques économiques. Mots-clés : Croissance économique, Émissions de CO2, Courbe de Kuznets environnementale Kuznets environmental curve: a re-examination of transmission channels in developing countries. Summary: This paper revisits the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality, highlighting the transmission channels, based on a panel of 41 developing countries over the period 1995-2020. The methodological approach is based on statics and dynamics regression models. Beyond carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, this article accounts for other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The results confirm the positive effect of income growth on environmental degradation. In addition, the examination of non-linearity revealed that the negative impact of income growth on environmental quality can be mitigated if income growth contributes to improvements in education, FDI, financial development, trade openness and urbanization. These results make it possible to formulate economic policies recommendations. Keywords: Economic growth, CO2 emissions, Environmental Kuznets curve JEL Classification: O40 – Q53 – Q56.
Effet redistributif de la mobilisation des recettes fiscales dans les pays de l’UEMOA
Authors:   Département d’économie, CEDRES, Université Thomas Sankara, MOURFOU Aïchatou , OUEDRAOGO Idrissa Mohammed ,   Ecole doctorale,  Université Aube Nouvelle
Published: April 2024

Résumé : L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser l’effet des différents types de recettes fiscales (la pression fiscale totale, la pression fiscale directe, la pression fiscale domestique indirecte et la pression fiscale commerciale) sur les inégalités de revenus dans les pays de l’Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) de 1996-2015. En utilisant les doubles moindres carrées (2SLS), les estimations indiquent qu’une hausse du niveau des recettes fiscales totales ainsi que des recettes fiscales directes permettent une réduction significative des inégalités de revenus. Cependant, les recettes fiscales domestiques indirectes et les recettes fiscales commerciales sont neutres dans la répartition des revenus. L’implication de politique économique qui se dégage est que la mobilisation des recettes fiscales peut être utlisée comme un instrument pour lutter contre les inégalités de revenus dans la zone UEMOA. Mots clés : Structure fiscale – Inégalités de revenus – UEMOA Redistributive effect of tax revenue mobilization in WAEMU countries Summary : The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of different types of tax revenue (total tax pressure, direct tax pressure, indirect domestic tax pressure and commercial tax pressure) on income inequality in the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) from 1996-2015. Using double least squares (2SLS), the estimates indicate that an increase in the level of total tax revenue as well as direct tax revenue allows a significant reduction in income inequality. However, indirect domestic tax revenue and commercial tax revenue are neutral in the distribution of income. The economic policy implication that emerges is that tax revenue mobilization can be used as an instrument to address income inequality in the WAEMU zone. Keywords: Tax structure – Income inequalities – WAEMU JEL Classification : E62 – H12 – H23
درجة ممارسة القيادة الموزعة لدى مديرات المدارس الإبتدائية بمدينة مكة المكرمة من وجهة نظر المعلمات
Authors:   قسم الإدارة التربوية - جامعة أم القرى - المملكة العربية السعودية, علي الشهري ساره حسن
Published: April 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على درجة ممارسة القيادة الموزعة لدى مديرات المدارس الابتدائية بمدينة مكة المكرمة من وجهة نظر المعلمات، ومعرفة ما إذا كان هناك فروق في استجابات أفراد العينة لممارسة القيادة الموزعة تُعزى لمتغيرات المؤهل العلمي- سنوات الخبرة.
مقياس هولاند Holland في الميول المهنية لدى عينة بالمرحلة الثانوية لاستخراج المعايير والخصائص السيكو مترية
Authors:   جامعة الملك سعود  - كلية لتربية - قسم علم النفس, الجاسـر أروى عبدالله
Published: April 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن الخصائص السكومترية والمعايير لدى عينة من طلاب البيئة السعودية حيث كان مجتمع الدراسة متمثلاً في المرحلة الثانوية العامة وعينة الدراسة من طلاب الصفوف الثلاثة لنفس المرحلة والبالغ عددهم (26) طالب وطالبة منهم (11) طالب من الذكور و(15) طالبة من الإناث، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي بأسلوبه الارتباطي، وكانت اداة الدراسة مقياس جون هولاند للميول المهنية للأنماط الشخصية الستة للبيئة المهنية (النمط الواقعي، العقلاني، النفي، الاجتماعي، المغامر، التقليدي)،
Improving the outcome of Six-Sigma projects with cost engineering approaches
Authors: Tribby Dennis J. , Elshennawy Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The objective of this literature review is to expand upon the research associated with relationship between the use of cost engineering approaches and six-sigma project success when designing or redesigning products in the manufacturing industry. The objectives of this literature review are two-fold. First, is to analyze contextual peer-reviewed literature pertaining to the impact of using cost engineering methods and practitioners in six-sigma projects focused on new or redesigned products. Second, to identify the causes and factors for six-sigma and related methodologies failures focused on product design and redesign. As a result of this literature review this research aims to provide a cursory look at discovering research gaps that could be addressed further.
Examining monthly and annual laser strike reports from 2010-2021
Authors: Wheeler Brooke , Bride Oliver , Craig David , King Kathleen
Published: April 2024

Laser strikes are becoming an increasing problem for the aviation industry, where the lives of both crews and passengers are at risk. The aim of this research was twofold: a) determine if there was a statistically significant difference in laser strike frequency by month and b) identify the trend in annual laser strike reports. This study examined the number of laser strikes reported to the FAA from January 2010 to September 2021. The data showed no statistically significant difference in frequency of laser strike reports between calendar months. The linear regression indicated an increasing annual trend of laser strike reports. The risk of a potential laser strike is approximately the same throughout the year regardless of the calendar month. There is a positive trend in laser strike reports from 2010 to 2021, which indicates that we need further research to help mitigate this risk.
Design, manufacturability, and sustainability analysis of an HCCI combustion engine utilizing gasoline and renewable fuels
Authors: Davani Sina , Asmatulu Ramazan
Published: April 2024

The global quest for new forms of energy is constantly growing. Extensive research is conducted to test and analyze new blends of fuels to meet these requirements. Due to the concern about the continued availability of fossil fuels, such as crude oil and natural gas, it has become a worldwide quest to face these challenges with renewable forms of fuels and new approaches to internal combustion (IC) engine designs. The IC engine has established a robust utility in various sectors, such as transportation, agriculture, aerospace, defense, and other small power plants, to name a few. However, not all conventional IC engines have the capability to operate on multiple types of fuels. Blended fuels have proven to have slight lower power outputs with increased CO and CO2 emissions; however, yielding a lower fuel consumption is also a factor. In order to eliminate some of the major fuel issues, we have designed, developed and manufactured homologous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine system. The benefit of this successful HCCI engine is that it can operate without a spark plug or direct injection while operating on regular gasoline. To prove this, various experiments have been conducted with different engine designs and fuels. This paper will explore the superiority of the HCCI engines over the traditional spark ignition, direct ingestion, and compression engines. These HCCI engines have successfully passed testing on different fuels such as gasoline, rubbing alcohol, and blended E10 gasoline. Because of the high engine performance and efficient burning, low particulate emissions (micro and nanoparticles) are expected from these studies.
Finding Relationship Between Alzheimer's Disease and Noise in Electroencephalogram (EEG) Data Using Novel Machine Learning (ML) Algorithms
Authors: Mudigonda Nihar
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting an estimated 6.5 million Americans and is expected to double in the next thirty years. The only treatments that patients can receive for the disease are to slow the disease progression, which is more effective if the disease is diagnosed early. A popular form of early diagnosis used by doctors is to analyze the brain's electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG measures electrical activity by placing electrodes on the scalp or surgically placing electrodes inside the brain. Given the electrical activity measurements of the brain, high and low-frequency signals are traditionally filtered during preprocessing as previously believed to be noise or irrelevant information. However, we believe this filtered data contains valuable information that can help doctors diagnose Alzheimer's patients earlier. We use novel machine learning models, such as transformers, and additionally use metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score to evaluate the model performance. Our methods result in higher accuracy compared to current machine learning methods. Our best-performing transformer resulted in an accuracy of 0.846, while the best-performing non-transformer model resulted in an accuracy of 0.564.
Sulfonated PEEK Fiber Reinforced Composites for Increased Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Gurung Dinesh , Murad Md. Shafinur , Ravi Nivedhan , Bakir M. , Bahceci E. , Er O. , Safaker B. , Gursoy M. , Andrade Emanuel , Asmatulu Eylem , Asmatulu Ramazan
Published: April 2024

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a special set of thermoplastic polymers that possess fascinating mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties for various industries, such as aircraft, biomedical, automotive, satellite, energy, and defense. Recently, sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK)-based fiber-reinforced composites have been designed and fabricated for the same purposes. However, manufacturing PEEK fiber composites is considerably difficult because of the inertness and high melting point of PEEK; thus, the sulfonation process is a necessary step to make the PEEK composites in many cases. About 5 wt% PEEK powder was initially dried for 24 hours at 100°C and then sulfonated in a 98% sulfuric acid solution for 12 hours at 65°C while continuously stirring in a closed glass beaker. The precipitation was performed afterward using the water bath technique by pouring the PEEK/acid solution into the cold water to make the SPEEK polymer particles. After washing several times in DI water (until neutralizing the pH to 6-7) and drying in an oven at 100°C for a minimum of 24 hours, the SPEEK polymer is obtained. The dry SPEEK polymers were dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) with a ratio of 1/2 and mixed well with Kevlar and Glass fibers in different layers by the wet layup process to produce SPEEK fiber composites under vacuum bagging at a higher temperature (200°C) till all the solvent was removed. The UL 94 standard vertical flame test results showed that the SPEEK composites had very high flame-resistant properties. The water contact angle studies indicated that the composites were highly hydrophobic. The maximum tensile strengths of glass and Kevlar fiber composites were found to be 234,99 and 376.8 MPa and flexural strengths of 51.14 and 92.95 MPa, respectively. SEM testing helped analyze the resin interaction's topology on the composite samples. The smoke density test confirmed that light visibility decreased with increased burning time.
Life Cycle Inventory Modelling for a Process of Injection Molding
Authors: Jung Jongyoun , Gwak Jongmyung , Hur Tak
Published: April 2024

It is necessary to construct LCI(Life Cycle Inventory) database about materials, manufacture, forming, transport, use and waste etc. for the study of product LCA(Life Cycle Assessment). So, construction of LCI database about plastic forming to study LCA of plastic product or parts is necessary. For this reason, this study is carried out in regard of LCI of injection molding (polystyrene and polyethylene).
Eco-Design Standardization
Authors: Lee Kun M. , Kangshik Sim
Published: April 2024

Design for Environment (DfE) is a design activity that integrates environmental aspects of a product in its entire life cycle into the product development process. It leads to a product optimized with respect to environmental performance, while satisfying inherent attributes of a product including performance, functionality, cost and safety. Possible DfE approaches in product design and development would include: improved materials and energy efficiency, designed for cleaner production, extended life, reuse and recycling, waste minimization, and minimized hazards to human health and ecosystem.
ISO/TC207/WG3 is responsible for the development of a technical report (TR) on DfE. This TR is intended for use by those who are involved in the design and development of products. A special emphasis will be given to the DfE needs of small and medium enterprises in the development of the TR.
Development of the TCA for the design of the environmentally friendly products(1)
Authors: Yoon Sungyee
Published: April 2024

Recently, interests in environment and Pollution Prevention have modified environmental law, and made international standard of DfE(Design for Environment) including DfD(Design for disassembly) and DfR(Design for recyclability). LCA(Life Cycle Environment) and TCA(Total Cost Analysis) apply for DfE. In this case, new trial like DfE, results of economical assessment in a business are primary factor for success and activation. Therefore, the objective of this study is developing the way to analize the cost of products life cycle with research and analysis papers that related with TCA. Concretely this paper arranged the notion for developing method of TCA. The other hand, we have tried to harmonize ABC method, environmental cost accounting inventory and LCCA for developing TCA method. This study shows you the method to value economical efficiency based on environmental cost and pollution prevention cost with LCA and TCA.
Development of A Methodology for An Approximate Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Park Ji-Hyung , Seo Kwang-Kyu
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes an approximate life cycle assessment (LCA) for the conceptual design stage by grouping products according to their environmental characteristics and by mapping product attributes into environmental impact driver (EID) index. The relationship is statistically verified by exploring the correlation between total impact indicator and impact category. Then an artificial neural network model is developed to predict results of approximate LCA of grouping products in conceptual design stage. The training is generalized by using identified product attributes for an EID in a group as well as another product attributes for another EIDs in other groups. The neural network model with back propagation algorithm is used and the results are compared with those of multiple regression analysis. The proposed approach does not replace the full LCA but it would give an approximate LCA results for design concepts.
Fabrication of Hard-to-Shape Cu alloy by Environmental Friendly Continuous Casting Process
Authors: Cho Hoon , Kim Shae K. , Choi Hanshin , Jo Hyung-Ho , Kim Young-Jig
Published: April 2024

In a view point of full exploit age of limited resources, environmental friendly manufacturing process for production of Cu alloy including hard-to-shape alloy such as nickel-silver alloy is introduced and suggested. In the present study, the effects of continuous casting speed on mechanical property and microstructure of leaded German silver(Cu-Ni-Zn) alloy were studied and energy requirements, atmospheric CO2 emission and yield for the production of the Cu-Ni-Zn alloy was investigated quantitatively with respect to continuous casting with small cross section and conventional material processing including casting, extrusion and heat treatment.
The yield for production of Cu-Ni-Zn alloy wire can be improved above 30% by application of the continuous casting with small cross when the productivity is similar. A twice of energy requirement and CO2 were consumed and emitted in extrusion process when the yield of extrusion process is considered. I
Life Cycle Assessment of Shampoo
Authors: Jeong Heon Chang , Kim Young Woon , Choi In Sik
Published: April 2024

Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) of shampoo produced by Aekyung Industrial Co., Ltd. was performed to analyze its environmental properties. The procedure of LCA was followed to goal & scope definition, life cycle inventory(LCI), life cycle impact assessment(LCIA). At the end, the key issue was analyzed in each stage, impact category and unit process. As a result, raw material and package production was the highest environmental load among stages, freshwater eco-toxicity among categories and 1340J among raw materials. LCA results will be used as the basic data in the development of environmentally friendly shampoo. Furthermore, in consideration with economic aspect, we are going to study eco-efficiency.
Study on the Development of LCA software for Building Materials using National LCI D/B
Authors: Park Eun-Mi , Chae Chang-U
Published: April 2024

This study shows the state of the Environmental Assessment S/W for building products which is called as APESS, to apply 62 national LCI DBS of building products throughout LCA methodology. Especially, APESS is focused on an easy assessment for non-LCA specialists, and this S/W has following features;
1) easy to use for the end-users, 2)comparing each product, 3) having report function which shows outputting process of the results, 4) having compatibility for each national LCI DB, 5) leading results which are fitted for Type III Developed S/W which is utilized with accessible web site. The website also provides information on LCA methodology, environmental assessment and the software as well.
The Development Trend of Green Technologies
Authors: Rhee Kang In
Published: April 2024

최근들어 심화되고 있는 기후변화로 지구환경은 열악해지고 있으며 과도한 자원소비로 인해 자 원고갈을 직면하고 있다. 특히 자원이 별로 없는 우리나라로서는 자원의 확보 및 활용이 지속가능 한 성장의 필수적이며 녹색성장의 기반이 되는 것이다. 21세기에 들어서서 세계 10위 이내로 경제 발전을 이루기 위해서는 자원순환사회 구축의 중요성이 더욱 부각되고 있다. 이에 부응하여 2000 년부터 자원재활용기술개발을 '21세기 프론티어사업'이라는 국가 장기대형 국책사업으로 수행하게 되었다.
A Case Study of Eco-Design for Standing-Type Electric Fan Heater by Performance, Usability, and Life-Cycle Assessments
Authors: Lee Jihyung , Lee Baekhee , You Heecheon
Published: April 2024

Eco-friendly products are designed to minimize environmental impacts from material extraction to disposal. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) quantifies the environmental impact of a product throughout its life cycle. The present study was performed to establish a product improvement plan for an eco-friendly electric fan heater by comparing two standing-type electric fan heaters ('W' and 'H' models) in terms of performance, usability, and environmental impact. Performance measurements of the heaters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, noise, and power were collected in a laboratory setting. Then, usability assessments such as operation satisfaction, aesthetics, and overall satisfaction were surveyed for the two heaters using a 5-point scale (1 for very unsatisfied and 5 for very satisfied). Finally, LCA was performed for the heaters using an eco-design process. Of the life cycle phases, the use phase of heater was found having the highest environmental impact. Performance, usability, eco-friendliness, and market competitiveness being considered, two sets of heater design concepts for improvement of energy efficiency and reduction of environment impact were proposed in the study.
Research on the Life Cycle safety management of CCS
Authors: Hwang Yun-Bin , Kang Hun , Park Ki-Hak
Published: April 2024

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is a technique for trapping CO2 as it is emitted from large point sources, compressing it, and transporting it to a suitable storage site where it is injected into the ground. CCS is composed of three steps of capture, transport and storage. Currently, in Korea, a number of studies have been conducted in each ministry for the demonstration of 2020. In this study based on the research that is used to prepare the legal system and guidelines for the development and commercialization of CCS technology in developed countries, especially performed with reference to the CCS regulatory framework presented from IEA. The capture phase was proposed for the basis of the carbon dioxide stream, the transport phase was presented for monitoring of high-pressure gas transport and storage step was proposed criteria of from site injections to closure. Also, the basic issues that were proposed in this study, it will conduct that safety management spanning the entire process of the capture, transport and storage of CCS through the studies of the various legal systems as well as the revision of environmental laws of Korea and other laws.
A Study on the analysis of CO2 emission by work-type in the apartment housing construction
Authors: Lee Jong Geon , Tae Sung Ho , Chae Chang Woo , Kim Rak Hyun
Published: April 2024

In recent years, research to reduce CO2 emission through quantitative assessment of building life cycle CO2 emissions has been performed as it relates to the construction industry. However, most research efforts related to building CO2 emission assessment has been focused on evaluation during the operational stage of a building’s life cycle. Few comprehensive studies of the CO2 emissions during a building’s construction have been performed. The purpose of this study is an assessment method that quantitatively evaluates the CO2 emissions of buildings during the construction. This study analyzed the amount of CO2 emissions produced by 13 process of construction works. building materials, construction and transport equipment used for the selected process of construction works were identified, and CO2 emissions produced by the identified materials and equipment were calculated for these 13 process of construction works. The energy consumption of construction and transport equipment was calculated by analyzing fuel efficiency and equipment productivity rates. The combination of the expected levels of CO2 emissions associated with the utilization of building materials and construction equipment provides means for estimating the quantity of CO2 emissions related to the construction stage of a building’s life cycle. It comprehensively analysis result, main process of construction works, “Reinforced concrete work” accounting for more than 73% of the total CO2 emissions were deducted.
Water Quality Improvement impact analysis using life cycle Assessment of pressurized microfiltration device
Authors: Hwang Yun-Bin , Park Ki-Hak , Kang Hun
Published: April 2024

This study is aim to improve the water quality using pressurized microfiltration device which is changed from square to circular shape and to analyze the environmental effects of the production and operation steps. This study analyzed the environmental impacts that occurred from production to purification in pressurized filtration equipment using Life Cycle Impact Assessment method. The target of the analysis is a pressurized circular filtration device(K-WHEEL F1200), which is an improvement device of the conventional square filtration device. As a result of the Life Cycle Assessment, the eutrophication index was analyzed 5.43E+03 kg PO43- in circular type and 7.92E+03 kg PO43- in square type. Also, improvement effect of water quality in circular filtration device was 3% better than the square filtration device and comparing the eutrophication removal amount of raw water and filtration devices, Electricity(0.034 kW) was used less when removing 1kg of eutrophication in circular type. In the future, in order to cope with climate change and to secure and manage stable water resources, more researches and developments for additive microfiltration equipment may be done.
A Study on the Improvement of G-SEED considering Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Cho Su Hyun , Seo Sung Mo , Chae Chang U
Published: April 2024

In this research, through the investigation and analysis of the domestic and international green building certification and its standards, it presented a scheme that is capable of performing an environmental assessment of the construction materials and building more quantitatively. First, in the certification criteria of the overseas green building certification standards. After, we consider the application of the LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) analysis method to quantitatively calculate the environmental load, so that it can also be applied domestic green building certification system, the certification standards improvement plan was prepared.
A Exploratory Study on the Climate Change Risk Perception and Eco-friendly Behavior: Focused on College Students
Authors: ARan Choi
Published: April 2024

This study conducted a survey of 192 students enrolled in Sungshin Women's University to investigate the climate change risk perception and eco-friendly behavior and the relationship between the two variables. The analysis showed that 86.2% of the respondents were worried about climate change. In the case of climate change risk perception, 60.6% of respondents said climate change has a serious impact on individuals, 51.1% said local residents, 71.8% said Koreans, 89.4% said the future generation. Comparing the results with the U.S. survey, Korean respondents’ climate change risk perception and the practice rate of eco-friendly behavior were higher than the U.S. Also, a correlation analysis has demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between climate change risk perception and eco-friendly behavior. Therefore, this difference in climate change risk perception seems to have affected the implementation of eco-friendly behavior. Through this study, it is expected that the interest of climate change policy and the active climate change action should be accompanied by education and promotion of the climate change risks perception.
Analysis of Life Cycle Environmental Effect by Operation of Detergent Refill Station
Authors: Jin Kyung Min , Kim Young Woon , Hwang Yong Woo
Published: April 2024

This study aims at comparing the environmental impact of the previous sales system with the refill station sales system using life cycle assessment. Environmental categories were selected a resource footprint, carbon footprint, an ozone depletion, an acidification, and eutrophication and a photochemical smog. As a result of comparing the previous sales system with the refill station sales system about the environmental impact, the refill station sales system reduced a resource footprint of 2.55E-03 kg Sb eq., a carbon footprint of 1.71E-01 kg CO2 eq., and an ozone depletion of 1.69E-05 kg CFC11 eq., acidification 4.77E-04 SO2 eq., eutrophication by 1.55E-04 kg PO43- eq., and photochemical smog by 1.64E-03 C2H2 eq. compared to the previous sales system.
Suggestions for Korea industry response to the implementation of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
Authors: Kim Seon Wook , Hwang Yong Woo
Published: April 2024

The EU Commission has introduced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to prevent carbon leakage and strengthen EU industrial competitiveness, with the transitional period running from October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2025, and the definitive period starting January 1, 2026. In the definitive period, there are various obligations such as measuring embedded emissions using only the EU CBAM methodology, reporting and verification once a year, and purchasing and submitting CBAM certificates, while in the transitional period, only quarterly reports are required. However, small and medium-sized enterprises with relatively weak MRV capabilities are expected to face difficulties in submitting CBAM reports. Therefore, this study focuses on the transition period of the EU CBAM, analyzes the main implementation of the transitional period, such as the calculation of embedded emissions, and suggests the response direction for Korean companies.
Research on a Framework for Integrating ESG Disclosure Standards
Authors: Jang Dae-Chul , Lee Jina , Kang Min Kyung , Kim Han Bit , Shin Seo Yong , Yoo Hyo Jin , Jun Jihye
Published: April 2024

Alongside the increasing demand for sustainable management, emphasizing the environmental and social responsibility of companies, many companies identifies climate change as material business risk. For this, new ESG disclosure standards are introduced to measure not only the impact materiality of companies but also the climate-related financial materiality. Furthermore, the global ESG disclosure standards are shifting from voluntary initiative to a mandatory requirement. However, due to different objectives and metrics required by each standards, there is a lack of compatibility among ESG disclosure standards. The study has developed a multi-dimensional and multi-attribute framework to enhance compatibility among ESG disclosure standards such as GRI, SASB, TCFD, and IFRS. The study developed a Meta Disclosure Framework, which assgiend 10 attributes to a metric and categorized all metrics required by each ESG disclosure standards. MDF enables a quick comparison and categorization of metrics of different standards based on the attributes.
Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Pregnancy Outcomes - A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Sami Rubia , Muhammad Yasir
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk of complications from COVID-19. Vaccination during pregnancy offers protection for mothers and newborns. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on birth outcomes.

Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 200 pregnant females (100 vaccinated, 100 unvaccinated) who delivered at a hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Vaccination status, trimester of vaccination, and birth outcomes (preterm delivery, stillbirth) were compared.

Results: Most vaccinated mothers received Sinopharm (47%) or Sinovac (39%). No significant differences were found in preterm delivery (10% vs 10%) or stillbirths (3% vs 2%) between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Additionally, no significant associations were observed between vaccination status and other maternal or fetal outcomes, including mode of delivery and pregnancy complications.

Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy appears safe and does not adversely affect birth outcomes. Routine vaccination should be recommended for pregnant women to prevent COVID-19 complications and protect both mothers and newborns.

 

Keywords: COVID-19, vaccination, pregnancy, birth outcomes, Pakistan
Drivers of Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry in Ghana: The Role of Personality, Staff Service Quality and Physical Environment
Authors: Oppong E.Oppong , Boasiako A. A. Boasiako
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to examine the extent at which personality factors (extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), staff service quality, and physical environment (room and outside facilities) influence customer satisfaction in the hotel industry in Ghana. It further sought to identify which of these factors is the most influential in keeping customers satisfied with hotel services in Ghana. The study was a cross-sectional survey and employed quantitative research approach. The population of the study comprised of hotel guests in Accra. Purposive and convenience sampling methods were used to select four (4) registered hotels rated between 1 to 4 star in Accra. Convenience sampling technique was used to sample 351 respondents. Data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Modeling. Findings from the study revealed that among the three personality factors assessed, neuroticism was the only personality factor found to be positive and significant to customer satisfaction in the hotel industry in Ghana. The study found significant relationship between staff service quality and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, staff service quality was found to be the key determinate of customer satisfaction in the hotel sector. Room quality was found to have strong influence on customer satisfaction in the hotel setting than the outside facilities. The study therefore recommended that hotel management should re-examine and re-programme their customer database system to capture guest personality traits in order to deliver the right services and to keep them delighted.
An overview of productivity management in Ghana
Authors: Adomako T. , Gagakuma W. A. Gagakuma
Published: April 2024

Improving productivity at the individual, enterprise, and national levels is the surest and quickest way to create wealth and enhance the competitiveness and agility of indigenous enterprises. This paper evaluates the extent to which productivity management has made positive impacts on the growth of economies and poverty alleviation. It also identifies stakeholders' roles and strategies in productivity movements in Asia, Europe, Botswana, and Ghana. Results of the study show that Ghana has relatively lower productivity indices than Asian countries. This accounts for one of the factors responsible for the slow growth rate of the Ghanaian economy and the uncompetitive nature of its indigenous enterprises. Recommendations are made to improve productivity levels in Ghana to catalyze the country's efforts towards the attainment of middle-income economy by 2015.
Intellectual property rights and private foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adam S. Adam , Lombard J. R. Lombard
Published: April 2024

This article examines the impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on private foreign direct investments (PFDI) for a cross-section of Sub- Saharan African (SSA) countries. The results of the study indicate that: (1) strengthening IPRs has a significant positive effect on PFDI, however, beyond a certain optimal level, the effect becomes negative; (2) the trade related agreement on intellectual property has had positive but insignificant effect on PFDI; (3) investors are sensitive to the investment climate of the countries in which they invest; and (4) inflation rate is negatively correlated with PFDI inflows.
Venture capital and corporate governance in Ghana
Authors: Gatsi J. G. Gatsi
Published: April 2024

Venture capital (VC) investments in Ghana are relatively new but promise to enhance economic development. This article discusses the general description of the process and recent contribution of VC on corporate governance is discussed. This study was conducted using both complementarities framework and governed corporation principle in which venture capital firms and their portfolio firms provided the basis of resource exchanges. There is now transformation in corporate governance in Ghana as a result of VC investment. Venture capital investment at the moment is skewed in favour of late stage financing. The active participation in the portfolio firms through board representation by VC firms is enhancing corporate governance.