bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct and Dynamic Changes in the Temporal Profiles of Neurotransmitters in Drosophila melanogaster Brain following Volatilized Cocaine or Methamphetamine Administrations
Authors: Filošević Vujnović Ana , Saftić Martinović Lara , Medija Marta , Andretić Waldowski Rozi
Published: October 2023

Due to similarities in genetics, cellular response, and behavior, Drosophila is used as a model organism in addiction research. A well-described behavioral response examined in flies is the induced increase in locomotor activity after a single dose of volatilized cocaine (vCOC) and volatilized methamphetamine (vMETH), the sensitivity, and the escalation of the locomotor response after the repeated dose, the locomotor sensitization. However, knowledge about how vCOC and vMETH affect different neurotransmitter systems over time is scarce. We used LC-MS/MS to systematically examine changes in the concentration of neurotransmitters, metabolites and non-metabolized COC and METH in the whole head homogenates of male flies one to seven hours after single and double vCOC or vMETH administrations. vMETH leads to complex changes in the levels of examined substances over time, while vCOC strongly and briefly increases concentrations of dopamine, tyramine and octopamine followed by a delayed degradation into N-acetyl dopamine and N-acetyl tyramine. The first exposure to psychostimulants leads to significant and dynamic changes in the concentrations relative to the second administration when they are more stable over several hours. Further investigations are needed to understand neurochemical and molecular changes post-psychostimulant administration.
Effect of Lithium Salts on the Properties of Cassava Starch Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes
Authors: Arrieta Alvaro A. , Calabokis Oriana Palma , Mendoza Jorge Mario
Published: October 2023

This study evaluates the effect of lithium salts on the structural, electrochemical, and thermal properties of cassava starch solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBPEs). Films of SBPEs were synthesized using plasticizing agents and lithium salts (LiCl, Li2SO4, and CF3LiSO3) via thermochemical method. The SBPEs with lithium salts exhibited characteristic FTIR bands starch, with slight variations in the vibration oxygen-related functional groups compared to salt-free biopolymer spectra. The RCOH/COC index (short-range crystallinity) was higher in the films synthesized without lithium salt and the lowest value was established in the films synthesized with Li2SO4. Thermal degradation involved dehydration between 40 to 110 °C and molecular decomposition between 245 to 335 °C. Degradation temperatures were close when synthesized with salts but differed in films without lithium salt. DSC revealed two endothermic processes: one around 65 °C linked to crystalline structure changes and the second at approximately 271 °C associated with glucose ring decomposition. The electrochemical behavior of the SBPEs varied with the salts used, resulting in differences in the potential and current of peaks from the redox processes and its conductivity, presenting the lowest value (8.42 × 10−5 S cm−1) in the SBPE films without salt and highest value (9.54 × 10−3 S cm−1) in the films with Li2SO4. It was concluded that the type of lithium salt used in SBPEs synthesis affected their properties. SBPEs with lithium triflate showed higher molecular ordering, thermal stability, and lower redox potentials in electrochemical processes.
Unveiling the Latest Developments in Molecularly Imprinted Photocatalysts: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Kubiak Adam , Stachowiak Maria , Cegłowski Michał
Published: October 2023

Responding to the growing concerns about environmental pollutants, scientists are increasingly turning to innovative solutions rooted in the field of environmental science. One such promising avenue combines the robustness of traditional photocatalysis with the precision of molecular imprinting, leading to the proposition of molecularly imprinted photocatalysts (MIPCs). These MIPCs hold the potential to specifically target and eliminate environmental pollutants, marking them as a promising tool in modern environmental remediation. As researchers delve deeper into this field, the design and optimization of MIPCs have become hotbeds for scientific inquiry. This comprehensive overview delves into the multifaceted approaches to MIPC design, elucidating on aspects like the selection of appropriate photocatalytic bases, the pivotal role of templates, the choice of monomeric building blocks, and the integration of effective cross-linking agents. However, as with all burgeoning technologies, the development of MIPCs is not without its challenges. These potential impediments to the successful innovation and implementation of MIPCs are also explored.
Circular Economy Insights on the Suitability of New Tri-Layer Compostable Packaging Films after Degradation in Storage Conditions
Authors: de las Heras Ricardo Ballestar , Ayala Sergio Fernández , Salazar Estefanía Molina , Carrillo Fernando , Cañavate Javier , Colom Xavier
Published: October 2023

The environmental degradation of the films used in packaging is a key factor in their commercial use. Industrial and academic research is aimed at obtaining materials that have degradation features that ensure their eco-sustainability but, at the same time, preserve their use properties during storage and distribution periods. This study analyzes the degradability behavior over time of commercial packaging that meets the requirements of the UNE 13432 standard and the prEN 17427 (2020) home composting certification requirements under standard storage conditions. The study attempts to provide insight into the durability of the films under standard storage conditions, verifying that this type of packaging has a useful life of more than 12 months and that after this storage period it still retains the usability properties for which it was conceived. The analyzed sample has been manufactured using a three-layer technology under some commercial formulations based on PBAT + STARCH + PLA and has been analyzed monthly for 12 consecutive months. The macroscopic monitoring of the degradation of the sample has been carried out through the evolution of the mechanical properties and the quantification of the color changes (very important in films) via colorimetry. The nature of the observed variations has been justified at the microstructural level from the data obtained in calorimetric analysis (DSC) and from the characterization using FTIR. The results indicate a loss of properties in the tensile, elongation and impact tests and a behavior of stability or improvement in the tear properties of the film. Analyzing the microstructural changes, it is observed that the degradation of a hydrolytic and thermo-oxidative type occurs in the amorphous part of the film. The conclusion of this study is that the proposed packaging, focused on domestic composting and stored under standard conditions, has a useful life of more than 12 months. This period should be sufficient to cover the stages of production, storage and final use.
A Methodology for Multivariate Investigation on the Effect of Acrylate Molecular Structure on the Mechanical Properties and Delivery Efficiency of Microcapsules via In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Collu Mattia , Rossi Edoardo , Giamberini Marta , Sebastiani Marco , Del Pezzo Rita , Smets Johan , Bemporad Edoardo
Published: October 2023

In the field of encapsulation, microcapsules containing perfume have emerged as effective vehicles for delivering active ingredients across various applications. The present study employed a multivariate analysis framework to examine polyacrylate microcapsules for household products synthesized using different acrylate monomers. The advanced multivariate approach allowed us to quantify critical properties such as the Molecular Weight between Cross-links (MWc), mechanical attributes, Encapsulation Efficiency (EE), and On-Fabric delivery. It is worth noting that the mechanical properties were gauged using a novel nanoindentation technique, which measures the Rupture Force per unit diameter (RFD). Both Encapsulation Efficiency and On-Fabric delivery were assessed using GC-MS. Our findings identified the optimal microcapsule system as one synthesized with 100% aromatic hexafunctional urethane acrylate, showcasing a 94.3% Encapsulation Efficiency and an optimal RFD of 85 N/mm. This system achieved an exemplary On-Fabric delivery rate of 307.5 nmol/L. In summary, this research provides crucial insights for customizing microcapsule design to achieve peak delivery efficiency. Furthermore, by designing acrylic monomers appropriately, there is potential to reduce the amount of active ingredients used, owing to enhanced delivery efficiency and the optimization of other microcapsule properties. Such advancements pave the way for more environmentally friendly and sustainable production processes in the fast-moving consumer goods industry.
Pretreatment of Landfill Leachate Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation at Basic pH Condition
Authors: Qiao Yina , Wang Chaoqi , Jiang Yu , Feng Xingqiao , Wang Kun , Xiong Jian , Jia Mengye , Jin Riya
Published: October 2023

The leachate generated from a landfill can cause significant harm to the environment and human health, so it must be treated before being discharged. A biochemical method is effective to treat the landfill leachate, but it requires a physicochemical pretreatment to help reduce the organic load and improve the biodegradability of the landfill leachate. In this work, hydrodynamic cavitation was used to pretreat the landfill leachate due to it being cost-effective, without additional chemicals, and environmentally friendly. The pretreatment experiments were conducted under an inlet pressure of 0.4 MPa and a basic pH. The influence of operating parameters such as the orifice opening rate, the arrangement of orifices, and the reaction time on the chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, and biochemical oxygen demand removal in landfill leachate was studied, and the energy efficiency was evaluated. The results showed that under the above conditions, the removal rate for the chemical oxygen demand of the orifice plate with an annular orifice arrangement was better than that of the orifice plate with a radiation orifice arrangement, and the orifice plate with an orifice opening rate of 0.0417 had the best effectiveness. The energy efficiency under these two optimization conditions was also the highest. When the optimal operation time was 60 min, the removal rate of the chemical oxygen demand was 22.63%. The biodegradability of the landfill leachate was significantly improved with BOD5/COD increasing by 57.27%. The study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the application of hydrodynamic cavitation as a low-cost and efficient treatment method in the pretreatment of landfill leachate.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Related Head Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: Brainova Ilina , Timonov Pavel , Fasova Antoaneta , Alexandrov Alexandar
Published: October 2023

Introduction: In all cases of cardiac arrest, adequate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance is crucial for survival. There are differences between the performances of CPR in pediatric cases compared to CPR in adults. In all cases in which CPR is needed, there is a possibility for the occurrence of CPR-related traumatic injuries. Aims and methods: We used all available forensic examination methods in order to provide objective forensic investigation conclusions and feedback to clinicians. Results: We present an untypical case of head trauma with intracranial bleeding caused via CPR-related traumatic injury. Although it is not connected with the mechanism and genesis of death, it should be noted as being practically casuistic. The child had a severe congenital heart malformation. The surgical team decided that surgery was absolutely necessary. Complications developed in the postoperative period. On the second postoperative day, cardiac arrest occurred, CPR was performed, and the girl survived for 15 minuntil there was a second cardiac arrest. A second CPR was performed, but she died. During the forensic autopsy, with the exception of expected findings, head bruising and intracranial bleeding were registered. Conclusion: The forensic conclusion was that the head trauma was caused accidentally during CPR due to the non-voluntary impact of the head with respect to the background of anticoagulant therapy, which was one possible factor for the massive bleeding.
Mangrove Forest Cover Change in the Conterminous United States from 1980–2020
Authors: Giri Chandra , Long Jordan , Poudel Prapti
Published: October 2023

Mangrove forests in developed and developing countries are experiencing substantial transformations driven by natural and anthropogenic factors. This study focuses on the conterminous United States, including Florida, Texas, and Louisiana, where coastal development, urbanization, hydrological pattern alterations, global warming, sea level rise, and natural disasters such as hurricanes contribute to mangrove forest changes. Using time-series Landsat data and image-processing techniques in a cloud computing platform, we analyzed the dynamics of mangrove forests every five years from 1980 to 2020. Each thematic product was independently derived using a region of interest (ROI) suitable for local conditions. The analysis was performed using consistent data sources and a unified classification methodology. Our results revealed that the total mangrove area in the conterminous United States (CONUS) in 2020 was 266,179 ha. with 98.0% of the mangrove area in Florida, 0.6% in Louisiana, and 1.4% in Texas. Approximately 85% of the CONUS mangrove area was found between 24.5° and 26.0° latitude. Overall, mangrove forests in the CONUS increased by 13.5% from 1980 to 2020. However, the quinquennial variation in aerial coverage fluctuated substantially. The validation of 2020 using a statistical sample of reference data confirmed the high accuracy of 95%. Our results can aid policymakers and conservationists in developing targeted strategies for preserving the ecological and socio-economic value of mangrove forests in the conterminous United States. Additionally, all the datasets generated from this study have been released to the public.
A Specific Emitter Identification System Design for Crossing Signal Modes in the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System and Wireless Devices
Authors: Zeng Miyi , Yao Yue , Liu Hong , Hu Youzhang , Yang Hongyu
Published: October 2023

To improve communication stability, more wireless devices transmit multi-modal signals while operating. The term ‘modal’ refers to signal waveforms or signal types. This poses challenges to traditional specific emitter identification (SEI) systems, e.g., unknown modal signals require extra open-set mode identification; different modes require different radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) extractors and SEI classifiers; and it is hard to collect and label all signals. To address these issues, we propose an enhanced SEI system consisting of a universal RFF extractor, denoted as multiple synchrosqueezed wavelet transformation of energy unified (MSWTEu), and a new generative adversarial network for feature transferring (FTGAN). MSWTEu extracts uniform RFF features for different modal signals, FTGAN transfers different modal features to a recognized distribution in an unsupervised manner, and a novel training strategy is proposed to achieve emitter identification across multi-modal signals using a single clustering method. To evaluate the system, we built a hybrid dataset, which consists of multi-modal signals transmitted by various emitters, and built a complete civil air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS) dataset for airplanes. The experiments show that our enhanced SEI system can resolve the SEI problems associated with crossing signal modes. It directly achieves 86% accuracy in cross-modal emitter identification using an unsupervised classifier, and simultaneously obtains 99% accuracy in open-set recognition of signal mode.
Electromagnetic Force on an Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Panel Moving in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Yu Yunfeng , Yue Honghao , Wen Feiyang , Zhao Haihong , Zhou Aiyu
Published: October 2023

This paper reports a method for calculating the electromagnetic force acting on an aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel moving in a magnetic field. This research is motivated by the non-contact electromagnetic detumbling technology for space non-cooperative targets. Past modeling of the electromagnetic forces and torques generally assumes that the target is homogeneous. However, aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels are extensively used in spacecraft structures to reduce weight without sacrificing structural strength and stiffness, which are so inhomogeneous and complicated that it is difficult to obtain the induced electromagnetic force even by numerical methods. An equivalent conductivity tensor of an aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel is proposed, which allows the aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel to be treated as a homogeneous structure when calculating the induced electromagnetic forces. The advantage of the equivalent conductivity tensor in the calculation of induced electromagnetic forces is verified by finite element simulations. The proposed method makes it possible to evaluate the electromagnetic force of a large aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure moving in a magnetic field.
Stationary Explosive Trace Detection System Using Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry (DMS)
Authors: Szyposzyńska Monika , Spławska Aleksandra , Ceremuga Michał , Kot Piotr , Maziejuk Mirosław
Published: October 2023

Detecting trace amounts of explosives is important for maintaining national security due to the growing threat of terror attacks. Particularly challenging is the increasing use of homemade explosives. Therefore, there is a constant need to improve existing technologies for detecting trace amounts of explosives. This paper describes the design of a stationary device (a gate) for detecting trace amounts of explosives and explosive taggants and the design of differential ion mobility spectrometers with a focus on the gas system. Nitromethane (NM), trimeric acetone peroxide (TATP), hexamine peroxide (HMTD), and explosive taggants 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMDNB) and 4-nitrotoluene (4NT) were used in this study. Gate measurements were carried out by taking air from the hands, pocket area, and shoes of the tested person. Two differential ion mobility spectrometers operating in two different modes were used as explosive detectors: a mode with a semi-permeable membrane to detect explosives with high vapor pressures (such as TATP) and a mode without a semi-permeable membrane (using direct introduction of the sample into the measuring chamber) to detect explosives with low vapor pressures (such as HMTD). The device was able to detect trace amounts of selected explosives/explosive taggants in 5 s.
Supporting Informed Public Reactions to Shipping Incidents with Oil Spill Potential: An Innovative Electronic Platform
Authors: Thanopoulou Helen , Patera Anastasia , Moresis Orestis , Georgoulis Georgios , Lioumi Vasiliki , Kanavos Athanasios , Papadimitriou Orestis , Zervakis Vassilis , Dagkinis Ioannis
Published: October 2023

The analysis of the 2002 Prestige tanker accident showed how public misinformation can worsen marine pollution incidents, rendering their management suboptimal as these evolve, thus raising the issue of appropriately informing and educating coastal and island populations who are at risk. Two decades later, developments in electronic platforms, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the Automatic Identification System (AIS) for ship signal transmission, and social media, provide a set of means for public monitoring of such incidents, creating the possibility to antagonise effectively erroneous or malevolent information, which can hinder efficient actions for containing marine pollution risks even without active training of the populations concerned. The authors, in the framework of the development of the Marine Coastal Observatory and Risk Management project “AEGIS+”, have developed E-S.A.V.E., an online innovative platform that (a) meets the needs of different users as revealed by a survey run across groups of them, (b) uses a suitable Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, (c) cooperates with public authorities, for the reliable update of automated systems, and (d) employs an artificial intelligence (AI)-supported tool for social media monitoring; the platform also provides educational resources and information on national and international resources on marine environmental protection and sustainable maritime logistics.
Optimizing Energy Usage and Smoothing Load Profile via a Home Energy Management Strategy with Vehicle-to-Home and Energy Storage System
Authors: Abdalla Modawy Adam Ali , Min Wang , Amran Gehad Abdullah , Alabrah Amerah , Mohammed Omer Abbaker Ahmed , AlSalman Hussain , Saleh Bassiouny
Published: October 2023

This study investigates an energy utilization optimization strategy in a smart home for charging electric vehicles (EVs) with/without a vehicle-to-home (V2H) and/or household energy storage system (HESS) to improve household energy utilization, smooth the load profile, and reduce electricity bills. The proposed strategy detects EV arrival and departure time, establishes the priority order between EV and HESS during charge and discharge, and ensures that the EV battery state of energy at the departure time is sufficient for its travel distance. It also ensures that the EV and HESS are charged when electricity prices are low and discharged in peak hours to reduce net electricity expenditure. The proposed strategy operates in different modes to control the energy amount flowing from the grid to EV and/or HESS and the energy amount drawn from the HESS and/or EV to feed the demand to maintain the load curve level within the average limits of the daily load curve. Four different scenarios are presented to investigate the role of HESS and EV technology in reducing electricity bills and smoothing the load curve in the smart house. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively reduces electricity costs by 12%, 15%, 14%, and 17% in scenarios A, B, C, and D, respectively, and smooths the load profile. Transferring valley electricity by V2H can reduce the electricity costs better than HESS, whereas HESS is better than EV at flattening the load curve. Transferring valley electricity through both V2H and HESS gives better results in reducing electricity costs and smoothing the load curve than transferring valley electricity by HESS or V2H alone.
Identification and Assessment of Potential Microplastic Emissions within the Lake Tollense Catchment Area, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany
Authors: Fischer Elke Kerstin , Gahrau Tilmann , Tamminga Matthias
Published: October 2023

The present study was carried out within the MICROLIM project funded by the German Research Foundation DFG, which aims at an overall assessment of microplastic concentrations in different environmental compartments of the Lake Tollense catchment. Here, we address potential input sources of microplastic and their occurrence in the catchment and provide first estimates of emission volumes based on population density, agricultural activities and traffic. The land cover of the Lake Tollense catchment, located in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, is dominated by agriculture and comprises the city of Neubrandenburg in the Northern part of the lake and additional minor settlements in the rural areas. The catchment area is divided into six sub-catchments according to the lake’s tributaries. The methodological approach comprised (1) a literature review of potential sources of microplastic, their potential composition, application approaches and possible effects on the environment, (2) the determination of land use types within the lake Tollense catchment via a descriptive land-use analysis and examination of the identified land-use types for the occurrence of microplastic-emitting applications according to the initial literature review and (3) a quantitative estimation of the emission volumes of the population (including tourists), transport and agricultural activities in the catchment area, applying specific emission rates. Potential microplastic emissions could be identified from urban agglomerations and the agricultural and transport sectors. The first quantifications of the emission potential of particulate matter in the size of 10 µm (PM10) from the transport sector resulted in an average of 14.5 tons per year on state and federal roads. The total annual emission volume of the population in the study area is estimated at an average of 138.6 tons per year. The calculated volumes of particulate emissions from roads and traffic indicate that transport is the most important emission source in the Lake Tollense catchment area.
Potential Integration of Bridge Information Modeling and Life Cycle Assessment/Life Cycle Costing Tools for Infrastructure Projects within Construction 4.0: A Review
Authors: Jrade Ahmad , Jalaei Farnaz , Zhang Jieying Jane , Jalilzadeh Eirdmousa Saeed , Jalaei Farzad
Published: October 2023

Construction 4.0 is a platform that combines digital and physical technologies to enhance the design and construction of the built environment. Bridge Information Modeling (BrIM), a component of Construction 4.0′s digital technologies, streamlines construction processes and promotes collaboration among project stakeholders. In this study, a comprehensive literature review and bibliometric and content analysis are conducted on building information modeling (BIM), life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle cost (LCC), BrIM, and Bridge LCA. This study investigates the potential integration of BrIM, LCA, and LCC as inputs for bridges’ LCA to enhance decision making by providing designers with detailed and interactive cost and environmental information throughout an asset’s lifecycle and explores the functionalities of Construction 4.0 and its potential influence on the economy and sustainability of bridge projects. The reviewed literature showed that the tools currently used to apply LCA and LCC methods for infrastructure assets lack the ability to identify possible integration with BrIM and hold limitations in their key functions for identifying the utmost features that need to be adopted in the creation of any tool to increase the general resilience of bridges and infrastructure.
Potential Use of Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems in Landscape Irrigation under Full and Limited Irrigation Conditions
Authors: Şahin Mehmet
Published: October 2023

Water is an essential component of life in the world. In addition to being crucial to keeping plants alive, water is also used in various areas, such as landscape irrigation, decorative pools, and ponds. The use of water more efficiently is getting more and more important day by day because of the increasing demands of different sectors. In cities with limited water resources, such as Konya, water should be used even more efficiently to reduce irrigation water quantities and prevent water losses. The potential use of the sub-surface drip irrigation method in the irrigation of green areas in Selçuklu district of Konya province was investigated, and the sub-surface drip irrigation method was compared with the fixed sprinkler irrigation method (pop-up) in terms of irrigation parameters (amount of irrigation water applied, plant water consumption) and plant characteristics (germination, plant height, number of mows, mowing weight, root depth). In the present experiments, 18 different sub-surface drip irrigation treatments (100, 80, and 60% irrigations + 40, 60, and 80 cm lateral spacings + 10 and 15 cm lateral depths) and three different sprinkler irrigation treatments (100, 80, and 60% irrigations) were used. Present findings revealed that sub-surface drip irrigation systems were suitable for irrigation of green areas, and this system was more advantageous for municipalities in terms of water savings, irrigation labor, and maintenance. For sub-surface drip irrigation systems, S1 (supply 100% of evaporation from Class-A pan + 40 cm lateral spacing + 10 cm lateral depth) treatments were found to be the best system arrangement for landscape irrigations in Selçuklu district in Konya province.
Analysis of the Severity and Cause and Effect of Occupational Accidents in South Korea
Authors: Tuganishuri Jérémie , Yum Sang-Guk , Adhikari Manik Das , Oh Tae-Keun
Published: October 2023

The industrial sector in South Korea has recently undergone significant growth; however, it is also known for its hazardous workplaces. Occupational accidents have had a widespread impact across various industries; therefore, the identification of accident-influencing factors is crucial to improve workplace safety. We analyzed the occupational accident database from the Ministry of Economy and Finance to examine the influencing factors, including worker information, project details, time-related variables, and accident descriptions. Exploratory and correspondence data analyses were performed to identify patterns and relationships between variables. We applied multinomial logistic models and random forest algorithms to understand the correlation between victim status and independent variables. Results showed that 67% of all accidents occurred among workers with less than one month of employment. The multinomial regression model achieved a prediction accuracy of 97.66% with a kappa value of 0.846, outperforming the random forest model (kappa = 0.844). The receiver operating curve illustrated that the random forest had higher misclassification rates when distinguishing between injuries and fatalities. To mitigate accidents among new workers, enhanced safety training and protective measures are needed to enforce a healthy workplace. This study contributes to ongoing efforts to advance workplace safety, reduce occupational accidents, and promote a healthier working environment.
Acceptability toward Policy Mix: Impact of Low-Carbon Travel Intention, Fairness, and Effectiveness
Authors: Wang Xue , Feng Suwei , Tang Tianyi
Published: October 2023

Policymakers are implementing a combination of various travel demand management (TDM) policies to effectively reduce carbon emissions. Widespread acceptance of these policy mixes by residents plays a pivotal role in ensuring their successful implementation. Drawing upon the value–belief–norm (VBN) theory and policy-specific beliefs (perceived freedom, perceived fairness, and perceived effectiveness), this study evaluates the impact of low-carbon travel psychology and policy characteristics on the acceptability of a policy mix formed by the combination of mandatory measures and guiding measures within TDM. The empirical analysis leverages survey data obtained from 839 participants and employs a structural equation model. The results indicate that low-carbon travel willingness, perceived fairness, and perceived effectiveness significantly influence acceptability. Consequently, fostering low-carbon travel willingness among residents is essential for enhancing overall policy acceptability. Moreover, policy mixes that encompass incentives for the development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) are generally considered the most acceptable among residents due to their non-restrictive impact on private car usage. Given this analysis, policymakers should consider designing policy mixes that balance acceptability and effectiveness, such as incorporating policies for the development of NEVs, to address traffic pollution.
Building Participative E-Governance in Smart Cities: Moderating Role of Institutional and Technological Innovation
Authors: Myeong Seunghwan , Bokhari Syed Asad Abbas
Published: October 2023

The successful implementation of institutional and technological innovation is critical for the effective execution of e-governance in smart cities. This study examines the inherent complexity associated with institutional and technological innovation in the context of smart cities. The capability of a municipality to cultivate innovation is significantly dependent on the implementation of its technological infrastructure and institutional competence. This study aims to contribute to the existing literature on the relationship between e-governance in smart cities and stakeholder satisfaction. It highlights that institutional and technological innovation could mediate these interactions. Data were collected by administering a questionnaire to a sample of 589 individuals from the Republic of Korea and Pakistan to develop multiple regression models. This study employs stakeholder and innovation theories to investigate the relationship between e-governance and stakeholder satisfaction, emphasizing the moderating effects of institutional and technological innovation. The linear multiple regression analysis findings indicate that e-governance, institutional innovation, and technological factors statistically influence stakeholder satisfaction. It was also discovered that the presence of institutional and technological innovation moderates the association between e-governance and stakeholder satisfaction.
Some Fractional Integral Inequalities by Way of Raina Fractional Integrals
Authors: Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Latif Asia , Hussain Rashida
Published: October 2023

In this research, some novel Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequalities using Raina fractional integrals for the class of ϑ-convex functions are obtained. These inequalities are more comprehensive and inclusive than the corresponding ones present in the literature.
Analysis of High-Speed Rotor Vibration Failure Due to Sudden Angular Deformation of Bolt Joints
Authors: Wu Fayong , Hong Jie , Chen Xueqi , Ma Yanhong
Published: October 2023

As the efficiency of advanced aero engines improves, the operational speed of their rotors increases. This heightened operational speed makes the rotor dynamics highly sensitive to changes in the rotor’s mass asymmetry state, or unbalance state. During the use of a dual-spool turbofan engine, when its supercritical high-pressure rotor (HPR) exceeds a certain operational speed, the rotor’s vibration spikes and continues to increase with the operational speed until it drops sharply near the maximum operational speed. Analysis of the bolt joints in the faulty rotor reveals various phenomena such as joint interface damage, changes in bolt loosening torque distribution, and alterations in rotor initial unbalance. This paper proposes that at high operational speeds, the bolt joint of the HPR undergoes sudden angular deformation, resulting in the slanting of the principal axis of inertia of the turbine disk. This slant leads to changes in the unbalanced state of the HPR. The additional unbalance causes a sudden rotational inertia load excitation, triggering the rotor vibration failure. Subsequently, a rotor dynamic model that incorporates the angular deformation of the joints is established to simulate how this joint deformation influences the dynamic response of the rotor. The simulation results align well with the observed failure phenomenon and validate the proposed failure mechanism. Finally, troubleshooting measures are proposed and implemented in the faulty engine, effectively mitigating the vibration fault.
Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Pagrus major by the Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi
Authors: Shin Yun Kyung , Seo Do Yeon , Eom Hye-Jin , Park Mira , Lee Minji , Choi Young-Eun , Han Young-Seok , Rhee Jae-Sung , Kim Youn-Jung
Published: October 2023

Karenia mikimotoi is a common species of red tide dinoflagellate that causes the mass mortality of marine fauna in coastal waters of Republic of Korea. Despite continuous studies on the ecophysiology and toxicity of K. mikimotoi, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Red sea bream, Pagrus major, is a high-value aquaculture fish species, and the coastal aquaculture industry of red sea bream has been increasingly affected by red tides. To investigate the potential oxidative effects of K. mikimotoi on P. major and the molecular mechanisms involved, we exposed the fish to varying concentrations of K. mikimotoi and evaluated its toxicity. Our results showed that exposure to K. mikimotoi led to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative DNA damage in the gill tissue of P. major. Furthermore, we found that K. mikimotoi induced the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, in the gill tissue of P. major, with a significant increase in activity at concentrations above 5000 cells/mL. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase did not significantly increase at the equivalent concentration. Our study confirms that oxidative stress and DNA damage is induced by acute exposure to K. mikimotoi, as it produces ROS and hypoxic conditions in P. major. In addition, it was confirmed that gill and blood samples can be used as biomarkers to detect the degree of oxidative stress in fish. These findings have important implications for the aquaculture of red sea bream, particularly in the face of red tide disasters.
Antiviral Treatment of Maternal and Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infections
Authors: Pinninti Swetha , Boppana Suresh
Published: October 2023

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous member of the Herpesviridae family, responsible for the most common congenital viral infection—congenital Cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection. While a majority of HCMV infections in children and adults are asymptomatic, HCMV is well known to cause severe infections in the immunocompromised individual and maternal infections with variable long-term sequelae after maternal–fetal transmission with primary or nonprimary infections. HCMV seroprevalence and cCMV incidence vary by geographic area and demographic characteristics like race and socioeconomic status. While cCMV birth prevalence ranges from 0.2% to 6% in different parts of the world, it is influenced by regional HCMV seroprevalence rates. HCMV screening during pregnancy is not routinely offered due to lack of awareness, hurdles to accurate diagnosis, and lack of well-established effective treatment options during pregnancy. This review will focus on antiviral treatment options currently available for use during pregnancy and in the newborn period for the treatment of maternal and congenital HCMV infections.
Effects of Terrain near Taiwan Island on Typhoons with Different Tracks and Typhoon Waves
Authors: Luo Chenghan , Shang Shaoping , Xie Yanshuang , He Zhigang , Wei Guomei , Zhang Feng , Wang Lei , Li Xueding
Published: October 2023

The terrain, such as Taiwan Island, have been shown to have complex effects on typhoons and the associated typhoon waves. Terrain effects change with typhoon tracks. In this study, three types of typhoon tracks (northern, middle and southern) were defined according to the relationship between the typhoon tracks and Taiwan Island. Typhoons on these three tracks and typhoon waves were simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting–Simulating Waves Nearshore model. In each type of typhoon, a control case without the Taiwan topography was simulated to compare with real cases. The results showed that typhoons on different tracks were affected by the terrain of Taiwan Island in different ways. Taiwan Island had weakening, decelerating and deflective effects on typhoons. The ranking for the weakening effect was middle track (81%) > southern track (69%) > northern track (3%). The decelerating effect was 7% in the northern track and 25% in the southern track. The deflective effect of the terrain makes typhoons on the northern (southern) track deflect toward the south (north). When a typhoon on a middle track passed over Taiwan Island, a new center of low pressure would replace the former center and make the track discontinuous. In addition, the influence of typhoons on regions near Taiwan Island changed with the typhoon’s tracks. The influence ranking of typhoons in Taiwan Island was the middle track > southern track > northern track, which was consistent with that of typhoons in the Taiwan Strait and opposite to that of typhoons in Fujian Province. The influence ranking of typhoons on the Taiwan Strait was the opposite of the typhoon intensity ranking, which suggests that the intensities of wind and waves in the strait were more related to typhoon tracks than typhoon intensity. The variations in the significant wave height were similar to those of the wind speed, but there was a time lag (2 h) between them due to the wave growth process and swells. In addition, the significant wave height distribution sometimes differed from the wind speed distribution under the influence of swells and terrain.
Training in the negotiation process: theory and experience
Authors:   OOO ", Nikanorova A. I. ,   POSEIDON",   , Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2023

Sales success largely depends on employees, their knowledge and competencies. The competition is especially intense between companies that, for example, offer one type of service — tourist tours or hotels of the same star rating. This article is devoted to the theory and practice of the negotiation process.
Republic of North Ossetia — Alania: prospects for the development of tourism and foreign economic potential
Authors:   State budgetary institution of social services of the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania ", Gazdanov A. G. ,   Sanatorium ",   Pine Grove"
Published: October 2023

The Republic of North Ossetia — Alania has high potential for tourism development. This article analyzes the foreign economic potential of the republic.
Effects of common centaury (Centaurium erythraea) oil and laurel (Laurus nobilis) seed oil on full-thickness excisional skin wound healing in rats
Authors: Semiz Nazmiye , Deveci Mehmet Zeki Yılmaz
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of common centaury (Centaurium erythraea) oil and laurel (Laurus nobilis) seed oil in a full-thickness excisional skin wound model in rats. In the present study, 18 adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=6) the control (CO) group, the common centaury oil (CCO) group, and the laurel seed oil (LSO) group. Under general anesthesia, a full-thickness excisional wound (2.25 cm²) was created on the caudal of the interscapular region on the back of the rats. Treatments were applied topically once a day in all groups. Wound area measurements revealed that the use of CCO accelerated wound healing, while the use of LSO disturbed the healing process (P≤0.001). In the histopathological results, blood vessel formation, fiber synthesis, granulation, and mononuclear cells in the wounds were higher in the CCO group than the other groups and higher in the LSO group than the CO group. Biochemical results revealed differences between groups in TP, GLU, and UREA values (P<0.05). As a result, it was determined that the topical use of common centaury oil accelerated wound healing, while laurel seed oil adversely affected wound healing in the experimental excisional full-thickness skin wound model in rats.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DALAM KLASIFIKASI BENTUK KEKERASAN TERHADAP HEWAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Risnanda Azhara Devica
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The cases of violence against animals in Indonesia are increasing, with a lack of education on animal welfare and insufficient law enforcement being the main factors. To enhance legal protection for animals, it is necessary to establish clear guidelines regarding acts of violence against animals and ensure strict law enforcement. Violence against animals can manifest in physical, psychological, and sexual forms. Indonesian laws, such as the Animal Husbandry and Health Act, prohibit and impose sanctions on individuals involved in animal violence.To maintain balance and justice in ecosystems, it is crucial to raise public awareness, foster active participation, and enforce stringent laws against animal abusers. The Animal Protection Act in Indonesia, along with its implementing regulations, aims to safeguard the lives and welfare of animals and provide them with appropriate rights. Several regulations related to animal protection in Indonesia include the Animal Husbandry and Health Act, the Mineral and Coal Mining Act, the Government Regulation on Wildlife Conservation, and the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation on Protected Wildlife. Local regulations can also be established to address animal protection at the regional level. Furthermore, detailed regulations pertaining to animal protection and law enforcement concerning animal cruelty violations are necessary.

 

ABSTRAK

Kasus kekerasan terhadap hewan di Indonesia semakin meningkat, dengan kurangnya edukasi mengenai kesejahteraan hewan dan penegakan hukum yang belum maksimal menjadi faktor utama. Untuk meningkatkan perlindungan hukum terhadap hewan, diperlukan kepastian mengenai tindakan kekerasan terhadap hewan dan penegakan hukum yang tegas. Kekerasan terhadap hewan dapat terjadi dalam bentuk fisik, psikologis, dan seksual. Undang-undang di Indonesia, seperti Undang-Undang Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan, melarang dan memberikan sanksi bagi pelaku kekerasan terhadap hewan. Namun, masih diperlukan peraturan yang khusus mengatur kekerasan seksual terhadap hewan. Untuk menjaga keseimbangan dan keadilan dalam ekosistem, diperlukan kesadaran masyarakat yang tinggi, partisipasi aktif, dan penegakan hukum yang tegas. Undang-Undang Perlindungan Hewan di Indonesia, bersama dengan peraturan pelaksanaannya, bertujuan melindungi kehidupan dan kesejahteraan hewan serta memberikan hak yang layak kepada mereka. Beberapa peraturan yang terkait perlindungan hewan di Indonesia meliputi Undang-Undang Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan, Undang-Undang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara, Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Konservasi Jenis Satwa, dan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan tentang Satwa Dilindungi. Peraturan daerah juga dapat memiliki peraturan tentang perlindungan hewan di tingkat lokal. Selain itu, perlu adanya peraturan yang lebih rinci tentang perlindungan hewan dan penegakan hukum terkait pelanggaran terhadap hewan.
İntravezikal BCG İmmunoterapisine Bağlı BCG Enfeksiyonunun Tanısında Laboratuvarın Rolü
Authors: Çetin Ferdi , Sürücüoğlu Süheyla
Published: October 2023

Mesane kanseri tüm dünyada yaygın olarak görülen bir kanser türüdür ve tedavi edilmediğinde morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olabilen önemli bir hastalıktır. Cerrahi tedavinin yanında intavezikal BCG immünoterapisi etkili bir tedavi yöntemi olarak uzun yıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Bu tedavi yöntemi genellikle iyi tolere edilebilmesine karşın hem lokal hem de sistemik enfeksiyöz komplikasyonlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. İntravezikal BCG tedavisi ile ilişkili enfeksiyöz komplikasyonlar hakkındaki bilgilerimizin çoğu vaka raporlarından ibarettir. Ayrıca bu enfeksiyonların klinik ve laboratuvar tanısına yönelik standardize edilmiş kriterler bulunmamaktadır. Hastalık belirtileri ve görüntüleme bulguları birçok hastalıkla kolaylıkla karışabildiğinden BCG enfeksiyonlarının klinik tanısı zordur. İnatçı ve tekrarlayan semptomları olan hastalarda BCG enfeksiyonundan kuşkulanılmalıdır. Histopatolojik tanıda granülomların izlenmesi yol gösterici olabilir. Tüberkülozda olduğu gibi BCG enfeksiyonunun kesin tanısı da mikrobiyolojik olarak konur. Mikrobiyolojik tanıda mikobakteri kültürü ve moleküler tanı yöntemleri birlikte kullanılır. ARB boyalı mikroskobik incelemenin duyarlılığı düşüktür. Lokal enfeksiyonların tanısı için idrar ve mesane dokusunun, sistemik enfeksiyonlarda ise kuşkulu klinik örneklerin mikobakteriyoloji laboratuvarına gönderilerek ARB boyalı mikroskobik inceleme, mikobakteri kültürü ve nükleik asit amplifikasyon testleri istenmelidir. BCG tedavisi sonrası basilin idrarda uzun süre kalabilmesi sık rastlanmasa da tanıda sorunlara yol açabilir. Kültürde üreme olduktan sonra üreyen mikobakterinin türü ayırt edilerek Mycobacterium bovis BCG olduğunun moleküler yöntemlerle doğrulanması önemlidir. İdrarda moleküler test pozitifliği tedaviye başlamak için tek başına kriter olarak kabul edilmemelidir. Klinisyen mikrobiyolojik test sonuçlarını klinik belirtiler ve diğer laboratuvar test sonuçları ile birlikte değerlendirmelidir. Ayrıca tedavinin etkinliği de laboratuvar bulgularıyla ve hastanın kliniğiyle birlikte izlenmeli ve mikrobiyolojik testler tekrar edilmelidir.