bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Analysis of Bending Accidents for Tower Crane Lifting Boom
Authors: Jiang Xiao Yan , Li Tian Bao , Xie Jian Min
Published: May 2011

This essay analyzed reasons of bending accidents for tower crane lifting boom in detail, and carried out mechanical analysis in different cases. The essay also mentioned the consequences caused by failure of welding, made reliable conclusion, and put forward measures to prevent such accidents.
Indoor Experimental Research on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Lime Improving Expansive Clay
Authors: Chen Ai Jun , Zhang Jia Sheng , Peng Li Ying , Ren Zhen Hua
Published: May 2011

Guangxi province is the typical expansive soil area, and the unconfined compressive strength is the important strength index. There is little studied result about the unconfined compressive strength of expansive soil in Guangxi province. Based on the expansive clay experimental embankment of Nanyou Highway, the experimental research on the unconfined compressive strength was undertaken. Tests results indicate that the expansive clay samples are all disintegrated when the sample is dip in water, which show that the stability of expansive clay is very weak. Some lime improving samples of curling 7 days and 14 days are also disintegrated when dipping in water, which indicate that the unconfined compressive strength sample of lime improving expansive clay should curl 28 days. Lime ratio and curing time both influence the unconfined compressive strength of improving expansive clay greatly. There is optimum adding lime ratio for lime improving expansive clay. During the early days of curing the unconfined compressive strength have linear increase with curing time.
Test and Evaluation of Seaside Silt Soil Foundation Reinforced by Dynamic Consolidation
Authors: Chen Yi Bo , Peng Dong Qin
Published: May 2011

The technical measures of dynamic consolidation used in silt soil foundation reinforcement of a seaside project in Hainan province were introduced. According to plate loading test and heavy dynamic penetration test, the effect of dynamic consolidation treatment was analyzed and evaluated.
Seismic Performance of Arc-Shaped Wall
Authors: Du Ke , Sun Jing Jiang , Gong Xiao Ying
Published: May 2011

From the damage investigation of Ning’er earthquake and Wenchuan earthquake, it was found that the damage of arc-shaped wall was severe. The seismic response analyses indicate great differences in basic mechanical properties between arc-shaped wall and unarc-shaped wall. Because of stress concentration in the corner of arc-shaped wall, it is easy to exceed the limits of brick’s intensity, in addition, brittle failure of brick would happen. So arc-shaped wall should be used less in the areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence.
Hydraulic Analysis of Immersed Tunnel Element's Immersion and its Application
Authors: Su Lin Wang , Kang Lan
Published: May 2011

The time domain responses of the immersed tunnel element under typical load combination case during its immersion are investigated based on the 3D potential method. The varied cross-section complicated model is built. The typical environmental and immersion parameters are considered. The results of different line models are compared and investigated. Numerical results demonstrate the effects of the mooring lines’ condition. The “optimum” balance between relative large mooring stiffness and relative safety tension can be realized by combining the coarse calculation and hydraulic exact analysis.
Study on Blasting Vibration Effects of Shallow Tunnel Excavation
Authors: Gao Wen Xue , Sun Wen Long , Deng Hong Liang , Sun Xi Meng
Published: May 2011

Based on the practice of Huolang-yu tunnel of Mixing road reconstruction, this paper studies the monitoring of ground surface vibration and the technology of controlled blasting. The results show: (1) the ground surface vibration declines from constructed position to non-excavated areas along tunnel excavation direction. (2) The vibration control of wedge cutting holes blasting is the key to reduce or eliminate shallow tunnel vibrating calamity. And the replacement of the multi-stage small wedge cutting holes to the big wedge cutting holes ameliorates blasting vibration and rock fragmentation. (3) The overall monitoring of shallow tunnel blasting vibration and the effects, and optimum of the blasting design not only reduce blasting vibration but also ensure large circulation footage.
Seismic Performance Study of Concrete Porous Brick Wall
Authors: Zhao Hua Wei , Cui Xiu Qin , Hao Tong
Published: May 2011

Four constructional columns with concrete porous brick walls were constructed for low cyclic loading test. The damage on the characteristics and strength of the wall, hysteresis curve, ductility and other seismic performance were analyzed. Setting constructional columns in the wall at both ends increase the ultimate strength and improve its deformation, ductility and other properties. Meanwhile the height-wide-ratio of wall, axial pressure and other factors on the shear bearing capacity on the wall have been studied. Based on the shear capacity formula of wall in the Structural Seismic Design Code, considering the contribution of the constructional columns on the shear strength, according to the results, the shear capacity formula of constructional columns with concrete brick walls is presented.
Study on the Variation Regularity of Shear Strength of Saturated Soft Clay under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Wang Xiao Ping , Wu Jian Qi
Published: May 2011

The stiffness and shear strength of soft clay attenuate under long-term cyclic loading, resulting in reduced foundation bearing capacity of road. The variation regularity of undrained shear strength of saturated soft clay which is normally consolidated or over consolidated under cyclic loading was studied with two-way vibration triaxial test, and some useful results are obtained.
Research Progress on Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge Towers
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Chun Sheng , Wang Xin Xin
Published: May 2011

With the development of the steel-concrete composite structure, it has been found the new application form: steel-concrete composite bridge tower. Compared with the traditional concrete filled steel tubular column, composite bridge tower has connectors between steel panels and core concrete. Therefore, the mechanical characteristics of the composite tower are somewhat different with that of the composite column with no connectors. Some researches have been done on the composite tower and relevant research progress is introduced in this paper, which including the researches on composite bridge towers with different cross section types and with different connector types between steel panels and concrete.
Experimental Investigation on Damage Behavior of RC Shear Walls
Authors: Jiang Huan Jun , Ying Yong , Wang Bin
Published: May 2011

Low-cycle cyclic loading tests were carried out on seven reinforced concrete shear wall specimens with different design parameters to investigate the damage behavior under earthquakes. The damage features including the damage process, deformations, the maximum crack width and the corresponding residue crack width at different damage state were recorded. According to the experimental data, the influence of axial compressive load ratio, stirrup ratio of the boundary column and cross-section shape on the ductility, carrying capacity, deformation characteristic and seismic damage is analyzed. With the axial compressive load ratio increasing, the carrying capacity and shear effect increase while the ductility and residual crack ratio decrease. With the deformation and damage increasing, the shear effect increases. The shear walls with I-shaped cross-section display more shear effect than those with the cross-section of “—” and “T” shape.
Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Subjected to Boric Acid Corrosion of Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Zhan Yuan , Li Qiang , Jin Xian Yu , Tian Ye , Jin Nan Guo
Published: May 2011

Reaches on durability of concrete has been made great advances over the past decades. However, little works have been done on the corrosion of reinforced concrete exposed to boric acid in cooling pond of heating exchange system of nuclear power plant. The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete in such circumstance. Tests were carried out on specimens cured in a standard moisture room at a temperature of 20±3°C. Three different concentration of boric solution (2000ppm, 8000ppm, 30000ppm) were simulated to accelerate the corrosion. The compressive and splitting tensile strength,elastic modulus of concrete , mass loss rate of steel bar, bond strength and flexural bearing capacity of reinforced concrete at 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days were obtained respectively. The results indicate that the presence of boric acid below 30000ppm does not significantly affect serviceability of concrete. The corrosion is slight for the specimens with crack less than 0.4 mm under flexural loads. Boric acid almost has no effect on the corrosion of the steel bar and bond strength.
Shear Stiffness of Segmental Joints in Cantilever Casting Concrete Bridges
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Zong Lin , Ali Fadhil Naser
Published: May 2011

Joints between segments in cantilever casting concrete bridges require special attention in design and construction. These joints introduce discontinuity in the bridge; furthermore weaken the connection stiffness and strength of corresponding section, which may lead to excessive downwarping of bridge. Experiments were conducted to assess the shear stiffness of segmental joints section. The parameters studied included monolithic non-joints, joints roughened, joints roughened with shear-key. It was found that the shear stiffness of jointed section is largely lower than that of non-jointed section; however, the shear-key can effectively enhance the shear strength and especially shear stiffness of the joints section. Measures are proposed for shear-key design, and may provide a rational basis for the design of cantilever casting concrete bridges.
Experimental Study on Strength and Abrasion-Resistance Enhancement Admixture
Authors: Xu De Jin , Fu Chuan Qing , Jin Xian Yu , Tian Ye , Jin Nan Guo
Published: May 2011

Cement concrete has an increasing utilization in highway construction. However, the lower flexural tensile strength and abrasion-resistance restricted the development of concrete pavement with heavy traffic. Hence, It has highlighted the need for research on high performance concrete (HPC). The design of specific concrete normally depends on the mixing of mineral admixtures in concrete mixture. This paper presents the first experimental study on strength and abrasion-resistance enhancement admixture (SAEA) mixed with slag powder, steel slag powder and silica fume. The optimal proportion of three mineral admixture and reasonable mixed amount of SAEA were then given, and the mechanism of SAEA reacted in concrete was analyzed based on sol-gel theory. Lastly, the effect of concrete mixed with SAEA was validated and the micro-structure transformation of specimens was given by SEM.
Excavation Type Optimization of High Cutting Slope at Reservoir Bank
Authors: Deng Hua Feng , Wang Yu , Zhu Min , Guo Jing
Published: May 2011

Because our country is a mountainous country, in engineering construction process, inevitably involve a lot of high cutting slopes. Summarized the relevant research achievements of predecessors, we put forward the type optimization scheme based on the current problems of smaller longitudinal slope degrees at bottom interface of high cutting slopes. Setting some slower longitudinal slope degrees at the bottom interface of high cutting slopes, which will reduce excavation volume to a certain degree, thus reduce energy consumption, reduce the influence of excavation on the surrounding environment, and reduce relevant expenses to restore the slope environment. After setting some slower longitudinal slope degrees, the slope toe drainage will be more unobstructed, the slope height will be reduced, and the slope will be more stable, thus reduce the work amount of slope retaining. For each year, thousands of kilometers mountainous highway will be built, bottom interface type optimization of high cutting slopes will have very big economic value. Therefore, which is worth to recommend in construction and designing of high cutting slopes.
Study on the Minimum Rock Covers of Xiamen Xiang’an Subsea Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: May 2011

The minimum rock cover is one of the most important factors determining the safety and cost of subsea tunnels .There are seven main influence factors and four methods determining the rock covers of subsea tunnels. Unfortunately, whether in Norwegian experience method (NEM), Numerical method (NM), Japanese experience method (JEM) or in mining under water experience method (MUWEM), these factors are considered separately in the study. The synergies reflecting the preferred primary or minor importance between the factors are not fully considered. The group AHP method (GAHPM) was put forward to solve the problem. GAHP is an optimization technology, where choosing suitable weights are the most importance. Adopting the advantage of AHP and avoiding the disadvantage at the same time, it can fully reflect the importance of each factor in determining the ultimately thickness of rock covers. In this paper, firstly, we construct the hierarchy and pair-wise comparison matrix. Secondly, determine weights of the experts. Thirdly, check the consistency of the judgment matrix. Ultimately, we obtain the ultimate minimum rock cover of the subsea tunnel by the product of initial selectable thicknesses and weights.
Load-Transfer Properties of Extra-Long Piles Embedded into Deep Hard-Rock and High-Pressure Grouting Piles Set into Fragmental Rock
Authors: Huang Jian Hua , Zhang Jian Xun , Chen Zhong
Published: May 2011

In the area where hard formation buries deeply, large-diameter and extra-long cast-in-place piles set into soft fragmental rock with high pressure grouting technique may raise the bearing capacity and reduce settlement apparently. This article approaches and analyses the subject through testing data of comparing two groups of piles experiments with two different ways of construction in the same project. The research enhanced original designing arrangement, shortened construction period, reduced cost of the project and drew some valuable conclusions. As a result, it also proposed that it’s not necessary to elevate the length of piles worthlessly and set too deep into hard formation unrealistically to avoid wasting in the later similar engineering.
Damage Identification Research of Axial Vibration Modal Shape
Authors: Teng Hai Wen , Wang Tao , Su Ming Yu , Huo Da
Published: May 2011

A new method taking the second derivative of low-level axial vibration modal shape as damage index is presented on the basis of theoretical derivation axial vibration differential equation and analytical solution of three kinds of support form. The index is very sensitive to damage location and damage degree. In addition, the effect of point number is analyzed and results showed that with a few points can still calibration damage well.
Research and Application of Composite Girder with Concrete Filled Tubular Flange
Authors: Wang Chun Sheng , Zhai Xiao Liang , Zhu Jing Wei , Zheng Shuang Jie
Published: May 2011

In order to promote the applications of steel and concrete composite girder with concrete-filled tubular up-flange (SCCGCFTF) in practical bridge engineering, some actual issues for SCCGCFTF bridge structures have been discussed. The finite element static and dynamic analysis models of SCCGCFTF and conventional composite I-shape girder (CCIG) bridge structures were established. Then the stiffness, stress and dynamic characteristics of these composite girder bridges were studied and compared. Based on the numerical analysis results, the mechanical characters of SCCGCFTF bridges are obtained, and some design rules for SCCGCFTF bridges are also proposed. The analysis results show that SCCGCFTF bridges have high practical engineering application value.
Real Truck Loading of a Full-Scale Orthotropic Steel Deck Model
Authors: Wang Chun Sheng , Zhang Tao , Fu Bing Ning , Tang Liang , Huang Li Ji
Published: May 2011

A full scale model of orthotropic deck panel was designed and fabricated referring to the common steel box girder bridges used in China. Experiment was conducted to test the behavior and fatigue performance of the orthotropic steel bridge deck under the actual truck wheel load. The loading test was conducted on the platform specially prepared. Measurement of the over-all structure and the fatigue sensitive details was made to evaluate the performance of the panel. For each gauge position, the results are presented as the form of influence lines.
Study on a Simple Self-Resetting Sliding Isolation
Authors: Jin Jian Min , Tan Ping , Ma Yu Hong , Zhuang Xue Zhen , Shen Chao Yong
Published: May 2011

This paper presents a simple Self-resetting sliding isolation system, which is composed of graphite sliding device and simple rubber bearing. Theoretical analysis is carried out. Shaking table test for a typical brick masonry structure in village of China is performed on a 1:4 scale. Results show that the proposed new isolation system can achieve a favorable level of performance.
Substructure Pseudo-Dynamic Testing of a Full-Scale Confined Masonry Building
Authors: Tan Xiao Jing , Wu Bin
Published: May 2011

The seismic behavior of a single-story ten-bay confined masonry structure was investigated using substructure pseudo-dynamic tests. Only one bay of the prototype was regarded as the test model and the remainder was regarded as numerical model. The test results show that the test model withstood, with slight damage, strong earthquakes with peak ground acceleration of 1600 gal. It is found that prototypes of the tested type exhibited satisfactory seismic performance. Hence, the confinement can be reduced if the budget of the building is limited.
Regression Analysis of Observed Foundation Settlement by Modified Logistic Growth Model
Authors: Li Yu Qi , Zhang Huan , Liu Yi Ran
Published: May 2011

Logistic model is modified through introducing the pseudo construction settlement. Based on the observed settlement data of foundation in Yangshan deepwater port project, Logistic growth model and modified Logistic growth model are used for nonlinear regression analysis of foundation settlement respectively. It is indicated that the fitting curves by using modified Logistic growth model agree better with the observed settlement values than those by using Logistic growth model and that the correlation coefficients by using modified Logistic growth model are also bigger. Model parameters of different geological conditions obtained by nonlinear regression analysis can be used for significant reference to foundation settlement prediction of similar geological condition in other deepwater port.
A Loading Test Method of Prototype Structure for Nanjing Changjiang Tunnel
Authors: Feng Kun , He Chuan , Zhou Ji Min , Su Zong Xian
Published: May 2011

Considering the features of underwater shield tunnel with large cross-section, a prototype test of segmental lining structure for Nanjing Changjiang Tunnel (Φ14.5m) is carried out by using a new loading test method. And with “Multi-function Shield Tunnel Structure Test System” developed according to this test method, the effect of high hydraulic pressure can be equivalently imposed upon the structure by hoop, and then the earth pressure can be equivalently applied to the structure by radial concentrated force. The structures were loaded by the device according to a certain hydraulic and earth pressure. Meanwhile, the mechanical characteristics can be further studied. In a word, it can provide reliable test means for research, design and construction of underwater shield tunnel project.
Research on Stability Analysis of Rock Bolt Crane Girder Needed
Authors: Zheng Heng Xiang , He Rong , Huang Xiao Yang
Published: May 2011

Rock bolt crane girder is a structure form which is widely used in the underground powerhouse of hydropower station. It makes reinforced concrete anchored in the underground powerhouse rock using anchor rod, and makes the reinforced concrete, anchor rod and surrounding rock work together to resist the load. Stability has been a common problem in the realm of engineered construction. This article will analysis the stability of the rock bolt crane girder in a underground powerhouse of hydropower station by using the traditional rigid body limit equilibrium method and the finite element method, and give several destroying forms. The results show that the rigid body limit equilibrium method is flawed, need to be corrected; In overload cases, the contact surface of girder and rock crack, it turns the damage to the bottom O point at the end; When it is simulated by the strength storage method, the crane girder's shear yield slips the damage along the base.
The Durability Measures of the Lining of Newly Built Tunnels from Lining Disease of the Existing Tunnels
Authors: Feng Ji Meng , Qiu Wen Ge , Li Mei Qun
Published: May 2011

The 15 tunnels located in Line Chengkun, Baocheng and Dacheng were investigated by the authors. The tunnel disease was inducted and summarized, and the main disease forms and diseases reasons were analyzed.The five measures ( improve the compactness, control and reduce the initial crack, improve the toughness, reduce the second stiffness and mist curing) are proposed, and can improve the durability of the tunnel lining proved by large number indoor concrete test. The authors hope the results of this paper benefit design and construction.
Study on the Deformation and Strength Characteristics of Geotechnical Grille Reinforced Sand-Gravel under Low Confining Pressure
Authors: Xu Bin , Zou De Gao , Bi Jing , Kong Xian Jing , Gong Tao
Published: May 2011

A series of large scale consolidated drained shear triaxial tests were performed on reinforced and unreinforced sand-gravel specimens, the peak strength and residual strength characteristics of reinforced and unreinforced sand-gravel specimens were compared. The results show that: the peak strength, the residual strength and cohesion of reinforced sand-gravel are higher than unreinforced specimens, and is related to the characteristics of geotechnical grille used in this study. However, adding geotechnical grille has less effect on maximum volumetric strain and internal friction angle of sand-gravel.
The Numerical Simulation of the Triaxial Test of Cemented Coarse-Grained Soils
Authors: Xu Bin , Luo Wei , Zou De Gao , Kong Xian Jing , Zhou Yang
Published: May 2011

Cemented coarse-grained soils have both the properties of coarse-grained soils and concrete. This paper used discrete element method (DEM) to simulate of the drained monotonic load triaxial tests of coarse-grained soils and cemented coarse-grained soils respectively, the microscopic parameters of numerical models were calibrated based on the tests. The characteristics of the cemented coarse-grained soils and the microscopic mechanism were analyzed. The results showed that, the cemented coarse-grained soils have the higher modulus and strength compared with coarse-grained with adding the 3% cement in the specimens and appear the significant strain softening after the stress reaches the peak value; the deformation of the soil particles,the friction between soil particles and the crack of the cement bond are the mainly internal factors.
Mechanism Analysis and Criterion for Avoiding Risk of Karst Water Burst Flood Illustrated in Maluqing Tunnel
Authors: Huang Ming , Zhang Xu Dong , Xu Mao Kun , Cai Li Qin
Published: May 2011

With 19 groups of data associated with inrush or bursting water from karst cavity, obtained from Yichang-Wanxian Railway Maluqing Tunnel field test, conceptual models of Karst Water Burst Flood (KWBF) was brought forward by statistical analysis and phenomenological induction. KWBF is super-large amount of artesian water together with mud, which statically deposited in karst cavity, suddenly released into tunnel. KWBF has 3 kinds of characteristic: large scale of cavity water, high hydraulic pressure, high bed load content, dynamic supply of ground water, strong destroyed power; no foreboding, paroxysmal and intermittence, antinomy between paroxysmal and arrearage; force majeure, difficulty forecast, etc. Forecasting of Karst Water Burst Flood is conducted with rainfall seeping theory and statistical analysis method, while the base data are obtained from field quantity observation technical such as rainfall, hydrograph measure. Because of pressure dispersion between inside and outside of the cavity, seepage enlarge is evolved into conflux so that deprive groundwater from aquifer aqueduct and fracture, so, the water together with mud release suddenly from karst into tunnel. The key effect factor on KWBF is water count and silted or filling degree of conflux aqueduct. It is the essential numerical criterion that the daily rainfall must be less than 20mm if construction in the tunnel after the karst cavity has been broken through. To evade risk during construction temporary stage and permanent working stage, measure of energy releasing and pressure reducing (ERPR) must be accept. In addition, it was suggested that the key parameter of risk control for karst tunnel is water count and its cumulating velocity, mechanics characteristic of bed load filling in the conflux aqueduct.
Optimization Design of High-Performance Concrete Based on Genetic Algorithm Toolbox of Matlab
Authors: Xie Xian Song , Yan Dong Jin , Zheng Yue Zhai
Published: May 2011

Genetic algorithm is a non-numerical optimization method which based on natural selection and population genetics.Using genetic algorithm to optimize the mix proportion design of high performance concrete, it takes into account the economic profitability on the foundation of satisfying the requirements of durability, strength, workability and dimensional stability of concrete, it establishes a mathematic model applying the performance of material as constraint condition, and the economic cost as optimization target.Using binary coding to represent the chromosome bit serial of individual, through selection, crossover, mutation and other genetic operator to conduct global probability search, taking the principle of “survival of the fittest”, finally achieve the best population and individual. Compare the results of optimization with the mix proportion in practice engineering case, we can reach the conclusion that Genetic Algorithm could reduce the cost, save energy, provides better use value on engineering practice.
The Creep Rupture Numerical Simulation of Coal (Rock) Layered Slope
Authors: He Feng , Wang Lai Gui , Yao Zai Xing , Zhang Li Lin , Zhao Guo Chao
Published: May 2011

With rapid development of the national open mining coal resources, which generated lots of open-pit slope, and typically coal(rock) layered slope，under the external and internal structure function, it caused massive landslide with time increasing. Large coal(rock) slope deformation is not instantaneous, but rather the result of a long slow rheology, which is the main forms of creep; which is a serious threat to mining enterprise and the safety of workers. Appling the maximum tensile stress theory and establishing the creep rupture judgment criteria, And finite description of the creep cracks initiation, expansion and gathering. Based on FEPG software, programmed creep rupture module, it generated crack at the vertical direction of first principal stress vector, The crack propagation continue to find the maximum of the first principal stress, which achieved tensile strength and creep craze of elements, this process is continuously cycled. In Haizhou open-pit national mine-park, simulated the coal(rock) separation layer creep rupture, and the results of measurement and simulation was coincided; its study provided basis for prevention and disaster of coal (rock) slope.
Research on Urbanization Development of Mountainous Area - Take in Yichang for Example
Authors: Li Gui Yuan , Yu Fei Fei , Chen Jing , Duan Zhong Yuan
Published: May 2011

Urbanization can not be avoided in the phase of human civilization. Urbanization in developed countries such us Europe, America has experienced the course of agricultural revolution, industrial revolution and the commercial revolution, and from this we can learn a lot. Through this article, we can analyze the development history of urbanization in developed countries, learn from their good experiences, and summarize the problems and disadvantages brought in the process of urbanization. According to the urbanization development in western Hubei, urbanization in mountainous area should be on the way of ecological development and it can be done by focusing on the cultivation character, making full use of the natural resources so that we can promote urbanization in a healthy, scientific and sustainable fashion.
Explore and Analyse of Urbanization Based on the Residential Environment Scientific Perspective
Authors: Li Gui Yuan , Chen Jing , Yu Fei Fei
Published: May 2011

Urbanization is a necessary phase of development of human being's civilization,which is a combination of social, economic, science, resources and technology.Therefore, the healthy development of urbanization should be based on Sciences of Human Settlements,controlling city size, developing conurbation, optimizing city layout, belancing environmental carrying capacity and the intensity of urban development, highlighting the characteristics of regional resources and industrial structure, protecting regional characteristic.Urbanization has strong complexity and various constraints. The key to development is the coordination of various influencing factors scientificly and rationally, so as to ensure healthy and sustainable development of urban system.
Experiment Study on Reinforced Concrete Spatial Joints Subjected to Cyclic Loading
Authors: Liu Chun Yang , Li Zhen Bao , Ma Hua , Han Jian Qiang , Chen Shi Cai
Published: May 2011

Experiments on reinforced concrete frame spatial joints are conducted under low level cyclic loadings.The seismic performance of the spatial joints is investigated,including failure mode,hysterisis curve, stiffness degradation,energy dissipation and displacement ductility.The experiment result shows that the column-hinge damage mechanism had happened and the bearing capactity ,energy dissipation character and displacement ductility had decreased under the oblique direction earthquake effect.The aseismic designing method should consider the oblique direction earthquake effect.
Study on Moment-Curvature Hysteretic Model of Steel Reinforced Concrete Column
Authors: Zhang Ling Xin , Wu Ping Chuan , Ni Gui Hong
Published: May 2011

The study on the hysteretic characteristics of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) members is the basis of nonlinear seismic analysis of such structures. So in this paper, by summarizing the hysteretic features of SRC members, a quadrant-linear restoring-force model is suggested. Then the model is verified with available experimental results and proved to be effective and reliable.
The Circle Renovation of the Cultural Forms of Urban Space
Authors: Yu Ying , Ren Shu Bin , Lu Hui Min , Kang Hong Mei
Published: May 2011

The globalization of modern society made the multi-urban culture faced with the globalization of information resources and environment impact. How the urban local culture updates during the interwoven and conflict with the world culture becomes the key problem during the process of urban space circle development. This paper begins with the negative impacts of the loss of localization on the circle development of the cultural forms, and then puts forward solutions in the optimization of local cultural forms in urban space level.
Temple’s Life in City-Heterogeneous System
Authors: Li Chun Ling , Zhou Yan
Published: May 2011

Temples usually are located beside cities as means to leading to a saintly and calm life in china for more than 500 years ago. But in these fast developing years in china, the peaceful temples are encircled by the fast growing cities, and as tourism become an important activity, it also encroaches into temples because of its inimitable character. The temple now is a heterogeneous system now is faced with the changes of value, judgment and moreover, it is thence critical as the spirits of the bonzes may be put out of balance and thirst for unreligious life a cause for lure. In this kind of situation, this article discusses how to keep the balance within the spirits of the bonzes even within our noisy earthliness and also provide for worship in order to glorify the power of Buddha within the same temple space by measure of physical planning. From record analysis of the Guiyuan Buddhist temple in Wuhan China, it can be established that temples still can be a saintly and calm place for all the bonzes, and for providing comfort for the anguished and confused public who come to visit.
3D Traffic Noise Mapping in City Central Area
Authors: Zhou Min
Published: May 2011

The use of data resources available for environmental as well as the integration of GIS data and noise simulation software in this research have provided technical solutions to some difficult problems while getting and editing data in the course of noise calculation. Subsequently, the 3D noise traffic mapping of downtown Guangzhou was also completed. This approach has greatly improved production efficiency and precision, provided a low-cost solution for noise mapping production which has practical value and will provide experience to the production of similar maps.
Experimental Research on the Self-Healing Performance of Micro-Cracks in Concrete Bridge
Authors: Sun Ling , Yu Wen Yong , Ge Qi
Published: May 2011

Hollow glass fiber with full of repair agent is embedded in concrete to repair components, and one - third point loading experiment is carried out to test the mechanical properties of it. Based on the strength analysis of specimens before and after self – healing, the self – healing effect of concrete is evaluated. By simulating the closed heal agent flowing and penetrating into the concrete crack surface under the capillary tension, the influence of crack width to the healing effect is analyzed.
Study on Integrated Model of SCR-Spar System Affected by Soil Suction
Authors: Bai Xing Lan , Gao Ruo Chen
Published: May 2011

Based on the theory of a slender rod with bending stiffness, Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) is modeled as a small extensible cable. Considering the factors of Spar motion and soil interaction, coupled dynamic analysis for SCR-Spar in time domain is developed using the program developed from a cable dynamic analysis computer code CABLE3D. The paper focuses on the effect of soil suction on dynamic response, tension and bending moment obtained from modified program at key zone of SCR. The results indicate that riser flexural rigidity and soil suction play important roles on affecting the dynamic curvature at the Touch Down Zone (TDZ).
Numerical Simulation for Progressive Collapse of Underground Structure under its Internal Blast Load
Authors: Tian Li , Feng Xin Hua
Published: May 2011

Numerical simulation for the progressive collapse of the underground structure under its internal blast load has been reported in this paper. The three dimensional model of the underground structure with two-story and two-spans in both x-direction and z-direction covered with soil was built with explicit dynamic analytical software LS-DYNA. An improved method by considering the impact of the blast load was proposed in the simulation. Solid-fluid interaction algorithm, the erosion algorithm and stress initialization are used in the simulation. It is found that, compared with the alternative path method, the improved method gives more accurate predictions of the progressive collapse process. The improved direct simulation method is more cost-effective than the direct simulation method. The impact of the internal explosion can’t be ignored. The analysis may provide important information for the additional design guidance on progressive collapse of underground structures.
Influencing Factors Analysis for Failure Risk of Upstream Revetment of Existing Levees
Authors: Gao Yan Hong , Zhang Jun Zhi
Published: May 2011

According to risk analysis theory, a model of analysis for failure risk of upstream revetment of existing levees is proposed in this paper. Based on the model, the load effect and generalized resistance for the failure risk of upstream revetment of existing levees are analyzed, and then the influencing factors of the failure risk of upstream revetment are studied. The calculation results show that the proposed model is workable and effective for analysis of the failure risk of upstream revetment of existing levees, and the main factors influencing failure risk of existing upstream revetment are the randomness of the existing effective thickness of upstream revetment and ratio mean of upstream slope of the existing levees.
Periodic Change of River Runoff Based on EMD-MES
Authors: Zhao Xue Hua , An Li Li
Published: May 2011

This paper discusses stabilizing treatment of runoff time series by empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and periodic analysis of stabilized runoff time series by maximum entropy spectrum, and presents high-resolution character of maximum entropy spectrum and its application prospect in hydrology. It conducts the analysis and calculation in combination with a real example of annual runoff series at the Lanzhou station in the upper of Yellow River, and study proves that annual runoff has 11.1, 6.25 and 3.1 years significant periods at the Lanzhou station. The conclusion illustrates the feasibility of this method and provides scientific data for water resources planning and managing.
The Impact of Vegetation on Mitigating Heat Island Intensity in Four Major Cities in China
Authors: Liu Jing , Ma Fei , Li Ying
Published: May 2011

Vegetation evaporation is believed to be an important control measure in heat-island mitigation. The impact of vegetation on mitigating heat island intensity in four major cities in China is investigated using a numerical method. The simulation results show that increasing vegetation cover can significantly reduce outdoor air temperature in summer in the four cities investigated. However, the evaporation rates of plant and magnitude of temperature decreases are different in the four cities because different climate characters.
Assesment of a Tropical Urban River Using GIS-Based Modeling
Authors: Othman Faridah , Alaa Eldin M.E. , Mohd Nor Mustaffa K.
Published: May 2011

The Klang River originates from the northern part of Selangor, drains the Klang Valley, and finally discharges itself into the Straits of Malacca, approximately 120 km away from the upstream point. As the state of Selangor and the city of Kuala Lumpur are going through tremendous development, the river is subjected to pollution from point and non-point sources. The pollution sources may come from urban activities, agricultural activities, industrial and commercial activities, and residential areas. In addition to this, the pollution loading from non-point sources is usually difficult to estimate because it is a function of rainfall/storm water runoff. The purpose of this research is to set-up a digitized model of the Klang Valley river basin to study the effect of development on the river basin by using computer modeling. In this paper, the used of GIS technique in determining the spatial variability in river basin has been explored. Based on the GIS technique, the DEM of the study basin was used to delineate the stream network and extract information of catchments characteristics. The locations of the point and non-point sources were surveyed and digitized spatially along the river basin. These are important as it will serve as a database before the water quality simulation can be performed. The developed model can also be extended to a larger basin. Field survey and further investigations would be helpful in calibrating the critical parameters and thus improving performance of the developed model.
Analysis on the Flow Process of Hot Oil in the Organic Heat Transfer Material Heater Based on Finite Time Thermodynamics
Authors: Gu Wei Li , Liu Yuan Quan
Published: May 2011

Analyses the flow process of hot oil in the organic heat transfer material heater based on finite time thermodynamics for the first time, obtains the entropy production rate which includes entropy production rate of dissipation effect and entropy production rate of potential difference, analyses the influence of flow pattern, physical parameters, structure and operation of the organic heat transfer material heater on the entropy production rate of dissipation effect, illustrates the influence of related parameters including Renold number, velocity, viscosity and pipe diameter on the entropy production rate of dissipation effect, and points out the type of hot oil must be considered to decrease the entropy production rate of dissipation effect and the velocity must be control under the premise of avoiding overheat.
Key Performance Indicators for Infrastructure Sustainability - A Comparative Study between China and the United States
Authors: Zhou Hong , Castro Lacouture Daniel
Published: May 2011

This paper compares key performance indicators (KPI) for infrastructure sustainability in the United States and China. The paper also discusses the implications and challenges of addressing sustainability and sustainable development in the two countries. The research shows that there are noticeable differences in the indicator system structure, although there is general agreement on the concrete sub-indicators. These differences are closely linked to the research method, theory of the respective country and the macro-level priorities in formulating their sustainable development agenda. The America KPIs system was set up by Delphi method, while the Chinese one was based on complicated systematical theory and systematical ecology. The most significant agreements are on sub-indicators related to ecology, economy, project management and administration. However, there are significant disagreements on some indicators related to special indicators of highway systems. The contribution of this paper provided empirical evidence of such underlying differences. Based on the comparison of the two KPIs systems, further research is suggested to validate the indicators and the structure for infrastructure sustainability.
Night Ventilation Research of Office Buildings Part 1: Sensitivity Analysis of Ventilation Parameters
Authors: Zhu Xin Rong , Liu Wei , Yang Liu , Liu Jia Ping
Published: May 2011

Night ventilation has been proved to be an effective cooling method, especially in regions with a large temperature difference between day and night. The main work of this paper is to analyze the parameters associated with ventilation effects in office buildings with night ventilation in the city of Xi'an. For this purpose, field investigation about different kinds of office buildings has been carried out, based on which, a typical office building simulation model has been built. Three parameters, including temperature difference between day and night, thermal storage performance and air change rate are studied by the energy simulation software DeST and the optimum values have been proposed for each parameter. The conclusions can be useful in night ventilation design process.
The Connection Form of New-Built and Existing Bridge Effect on Transverse Distribution of Vehicle Load
Authors: Chen Jihao , Zhao Shun Bo , Yao Ji Tao
Published: May 2011

Connection the upper components and disconnection the other components is widely used in the expressway hollow slab bridge widening and reconstruction. How to design the transverse joint between newly-built and existing bridges is a key problem in the renovation of prestressed concrete bridges. In this paper, combined with a freeway widening project, 2 kinds of different connection forms were compared by their transverse distribution influence lines, which were calculated by finite element method. The results show that the new and old bridges are working together after widening, which makes vehicle loads of the slabs of the old bridge are reduced, especially the side slab of old bride which was next to the slab of newly-built bridge dropped by nearly 50%. So the bridge widening strengthens the safety of old bridge. And the weak connection of the bridge is always the connection of newly-built bridge and existing bridge, which is accorded with practical situation. So the particular attention should be given to the connection. It provides a basis for widening the old bridge and a reference for widening and maintenance the same kind of bridges.
Analysis on the Tidal Current Characteristics of the Caofeidian Sea Area
Authors: Kuang Cui Ping , Yao Kai Hua , Gu Jie , Jing Huang , Liu Xu
Published: May 2011

Caofeidian harbor is a large size deep-water harbor currently under construction in the Bohai Bay, the eastern coast of north China. The construction began in 2003. The characteristics of tides and tidal currents in the Caofeidian area are analyzed with field data from comprehensive field observations from 2008 to 2010. The field observations and analysis show that the tide is the irregular semi-diurnal and tidal current is characterized as a type of reverse flow with moving west during flood tides and east during ebb tides. In general, the flood current is slightly stronger than the ebb current, and the strongest tidal current appears in the Caofeidian foreland, which is the predominant driving force to maintain the deep water depth.
Influences of External Windows on Energy Consumption of Industrial Buildings in Cold Areas
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Zheng Ya Dong , Tu Fang Wen
Published: May 2011

Shenyang is located in the cold areas and main industy city in China. The most current industrial buildings can’t meet the demand of energy-saving standard because of the thermal insulation performance of the windows.This paper aims at using DeST software to analyze industrial workshop energy consumption, according to different types of external windows and window-wall ratio of buildings to provide reference for energy saving design of industrial buildings in Shenyang area.The thermal performance of the windows has great effect on the heat load. The lower the heat transfer coefficient of windows is, the more beneficial for energy saving of the buildings. The window-wall ratio has great effect on the energy consumption, and different heat-transfer coefficients possess various sensitivity for window-wall ratio, and reflective glass varis smaller than the others.It is better for energy saving to replace the conventional windows with plastic-steel reflective glass windows.
Experimental Study on Sustainable Concrete with the Mixture of Low Calcium Fly Ash and Lime as a Partial Replacement of Cement
Authors: Jayakumar Muthuramalingam , Abdullahi M. Salman
Published: May 2011

Even though the use of fly ash in concrete is nowadays a common practice, its relatively slow pozzolanic reactivity hinders its greater utilization; hence efficient methods of activation are on demand. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of lime as a chemical activator on the mechanical and durability properties of high strength fly ash concrete. Mixtures were made with 0, 30, 40, and 50% of cement replaced by low calcium fly ash. Corresponding mixtures were also made with the same amount of fly ash and addition of 10% of lime to each mixture. For each concrete mixture, slump, compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, apparent volume of permeable voids, and resistance to chloride-ion penetration were measured. The results obtained showed that addition of lime improved the compressive strength significantly at all ages. The strength of all the fly ash mixtures containing lime surpassed that of the corresponding Portland cement mix at 60 days. Addition of lime also improved the sorptivity and resistance to chloride-ion penetration of the fly ash concrete. It however increases the water absorption and the volume of permeable voids of the fly ash concrete.