bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular binding of different classes of organophosphates to methyl parathion hydrolase from Ochrobactrum species
Authors: Bhat Nayana , Nutho Bodee , Hanpaibool Chonnikan , Hadsadee Sarinya , Vangnai Alisa , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada
Published: August 2023

Methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) is an enzyme of the metallo‐β‐lactamase superfamily, which hydrolyses a wide range of organophosphates (OPs). Recently, MPH has attracted attention as a promising enzymatic bioremediator. The crystal structure of MPH enzyme shows a dimeric form, with each subunit containing a binuclear metal ion center. MPH also demonstrates metal ion‐dependent selectivity patterns. The origins of these patterns remain unclear but are linked to open questions about the more general role of metal ions in functional evolution and divergence within enzyme superfamilies. We aimed to investigate and compare the binding of different OP pesticides to MPH with cobalt(II) metal ions. In this study, MPH was modeled from Ochrobactrum sp. with different OP pesticides bound, including methyl paraoxon and dichlorvos and profenofos. The docked structures for each substrate optimized by DFT calculation were selected and subjected to atomistic molecular dynamics simulations for 500 ns. It was found that alpha metal ions did not coordinate with all the pesticides. Rather, the pesticides coordinated with less buried beta metal ions. It was also observed that the coordination of beta metal ions was perturbed to accommodate the pesticides. The binding free energy calculations and structure‐based pharmacophore model revealed that all the three substrates could bind well at the active site. However, profenofos exhibit a stronger binding affinity to MPH in comparison to the other two substrates. Therefore, our findings provide molecular insight on the binding of different OP pesticides which could help us design the enzyme for OP pesticides degradation.
The effect of propolis supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A double‐blind, placebo, controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Maddahi Mona , Nattagh‐Eshtivani Elyas , Jokar Mohammadhassan , Barati Mehdi , Tabesh Hamed , Safarian Mohammad , Khosravi Maryam
Published: August 2023

Propolis has gained popularity in recent years because of its beneficial properties, which make it a possible preventative and therapeutic agent as well as a valuable food and cosmetic ingredient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of propolis supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women with rheumatoid arthritis. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was performed among 48 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects were randomly assigned to placebo and intervention groups, supplemented with 1000 mg/day of propolis for 12 weeks. Cardiovascular risk factors including, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1), Nitric oxide, blood pressure, and lipid profile were assessed pre‐and post‐intervention. The atherogenic index of plasma value, as well as total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglyceride/HDL‐C, and non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratios, were significantly reduced in the intervention group, compared with the placebo group post‐intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the serum level of hs‐CRP in the intervention group when compared with the placebo group (p = 0.001). Furthermore, propolis supplementation could marginally reduce MCP‐1 (p = 0.051). These data indicate that propolis supplementation may be a promising treatment strategy for cardiovascular complications among rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Observer‐based adaptive neural fault‐tolerant control for nonlinear systems with prescribed performance and input dead‐zone
Authors: Wang Haihan , Zong Guangdeng , Yang Dong , Xia Jianwei
Published: August 2023

This article investigates the adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control problem for nonlinear systems with prescribed performance and input dead‐zone. First, a new composite variable is constructed by using the characteristics of actuator fault and input dead‐zone for the modeling purpose. Second, an adaptive neural network observer is designed to estimate the system states in the presence of inaccurate feedback information. Third, the proposed control strategy effectively counteracts the effects of sensor failure and unknown nonlinear functions, which makes the tracking error confined within the performance boundary and all the signals of the closed‐loop system semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, an application oriented example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Automated visitor and wildlife monitoring with camera traps and machine learning
Authors: Mitterwallner Veronika , Peters Anne , Edelhoff Hendrik , Mathes Gregor , Nguyen Hien , Peters Wibke , Heurich Marco , Steinbauer Manuel J.
Published: August 2023

As human activities in natural areas increase, understanding human–wildlife interactions is crucial. Big data approaches, like large‐scale camera trap studies, are becoming more relevant for studying these interactions. In addition, open‐source object detection models are rapidly improving and have great potential to enhance the image processing of camera trap data from human and wildlife activities. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the open‐source object detection model MegaDetector in cross‐regional monitoring using camera traps. The performance at detecting and counting humans, animals and vehicles is evaluated by comparing the detection results with manual classifications of more than 300 000 camera trap images from three study regions. Moreover, we investigate structural patterns of misclassification and evaluate the results of the detection model for typical temporal analyses conducted in ecological research. Overall, the accuracy of the detection model was very high with 96.0% accuracy for animals, 93.8% for persons and 99.3% for vehicles. Results reveal systematic patterns in misclassifications that can be automatically identified and removed. In addition, we show that the detection model can be readily used to count people and animals on images with underestimating persons by −0.05, vehicles by −0.01 and animals by −0.01 counts per image. Most importantly, the temporal pattern in a long‐term time series of manually classified human and wildlife activities was highly correlated with classification results of the detection model (Pearson's r = 0.996, p < 0.001) and diurnal kernel densities of activities were almost equivalent for manual and automated classification. The results thus prove the overall applicability of the detection model in the image classification process of cross‐regional camera trap studies without further manual intervention. Besides the great acceleration in processing speed, the model is also suitable for long‐term monitoring and allows reproducibility in scientific studies while complying with privacy regulations.
3‐1: Distinguished Paper: High‐Resolution Active‐Matrix Micro‐LED Stretchable Displays
Authors: Jung Haeyoon , Park Chan II , Gee Moon Bae , Choi Jaekyung , Jeong YuRa , Min SungJoon , Song JunHyuk , Lim MyungSub , Kim Myungsung , Kim Taehyun , Ham Sujin , Lee Hyokang , Kim Heewon , Jeong InTae , Kim Gi-Hong , Yang Joon-Young , Yoon Sooyoung
Published: August 2023

We have developed 12‐inch 100 PPI active‐matrix micro‐LED stretchable displays that can be stretched up to 20%. Our work has involved the development of key technologies such as stretchable interconnect, stretchable film, micro‐LED, and the integration process for these components. The stretchable displays exhibited various types of deformations, suggesting the potential for new applications in information display.
3‐2: Integration of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell and Liquid Crystal Display Technologies.
Authors: Fukui Atsushi , Kyoda Yuki , Ichinose Hirokazu , Ogiya Kei , Sato Uran , Yoshie Tomohisa , Izumi Makoto , Tsuji Kazushi , Ikeda Tomonari , Kato Bungo , Kimura Tomohiro , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: August 2023

We introduce the dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC)
integrated by the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology,
which called LC‐LH (Liquid and Crystal ‐ Light Harvesting).
We show that LC‐LH is a device that achieves both low
cost and high conversion efficiency, and could enable
further expansion of the market.
4‐3: MircoLED display on 300mm CMOS platform – crosstalk and optical outcoupling
Authors: Steudel Soeren , Vertommen Johan , Le Boulbar Emmanuel , Buscemi Giuseppe , Bach Lars , Van Huylenbroeck Stefaan , Kang Shuo , De Vos Joeri , Miller Andy , Osman Haris , Rebibis Kenneth June
Published: August 2023

We have implemented microLED integration into a 300mm
CMOS platform with 9150ppi and brightness > 1Mnits. Here we
show the impact of light outcoupling optimization on optical
crosstalk and efficiency extraction. By implementing wafer level
optics we achieve a crosstalk reduction of more than 20dB
between neighboring pixels with >20% of the light within the
APEX angle of +/‐20deg relevant for waveguide optics.
4‐4: High PPI MicroLED display driver circuit and device structure
Authors: Zhao Jiao , Zhao Meng , Guo Yuzhen , Xiao Li , Zhang Chenyang , Zheng Haoliang , Xuan Minghua , Chen Xiaochuan , Yuan Guangcai
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a new type of display driver circuit and TFT
device structure, studies the brightness control technology of
high PPI Micro LED display, uses the inverter PWM driver
module loaded in the traditional internal compensation driver
circuit, when the low gray scale display, By triggering PWM
module, the PWM is used to further divide the low gray scale
under PAM mode again, so as to increase the gray level.
Meanwhile, the introduction of Micro LED reverse NMOS and
PMOS laminator TFT increases the PPI from 233 to 314 retinal
level. Realized the Micro LED HD display and low brightness
controllable demand.
5‐2: Invited Paper: High dynamic range 2117‐ppi LCD for VR displays
Authors: Wu Yung-Hsun , Tsai Chia-Hao , Wu Yi-Hsiu , Cherng Yi-Shiuan , Tai Ming-Jou , Huang Potilar , Yao I-An , Yang Chiu-Lien
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate a mini‐LED backlit 2117‐ppi LCD for virtual
reality displays, which greatly enhances the dynamic range and
mitigates the screen door effect. The major challenges and
potential solutions for achieving over 2000‐ppi LCDs and the
advantages of using mini‐LED backlight and low power solutions
will be discussed.
5‐5: Development of 1500PPI VR LCD display device based on LTPO process structure
Authors: Zhang Zhen. , Zhang Zhen Y. , Xuan Ming H. , Wang Li Z. , Tong Bin B. , DI Yun P. , Han Jia H. , Lin Yun Z. , Liu Dong N. , Zhang Shun H. , Li Pei R. , Yu Lian F.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, LTPO structure was used to develop 1500PPI
LCD VR display device, and LTPS TFT process structure was
used for peripheral driving to ensure excellent driving
performance. The display area adopts oxide TFT process
structure to achieve high aperture rate pixel design, and the
actual aperture rate can reach 38%.In addition, the Com metal
shading layer (CM) is designed above the COM electrode to
block the crosstalk light of adjacent pixels and improve the
crosstalk effect. The measurement is based on the perspective of
30°, Δuv<4JNCD@White，Δuv<10JNCD@RGB.
7‐2: A Low‐Power Pixel Circuit Using Additional Current Path For Mini‐LED Displays
Authors: Chen Yi-Chien , Liu Chih-I , Deng Ming-Yang , Lin Chih-Lung
Published: August 2023

A novel structure with an additional current path is adopted in the
proposed circuit to reduce the power consumption. Threshold
voltage variations of TFTs and VDD I‐R drops are compensated
effectively. The power consumption is reduced by 12.95% greater
than the compared circuit without the additional current source
structure.
8‐1: Invited Paper: High Mobility Poly‐Crystalline Oxide TFT Achieving Mobility over 50 cm2/Vs and High Level of Uniformity on the Large Size Substrates
Authors: Tsubuku Masashi , Watakabe Hajime , Sasaki Toshinari , Tamaru Takaya , Onodera Ryo , Mochizuki Marina , Kimura Hiroyuki , Kawashima Emi , Sasaki Daichi , Tsuruma Yuki
Published: August 2023

We have successfully developed stable poly‐crystalline oxide
semiconductor (Poly‐OS) as channels of TFT on Gen.6 glass
substrates. This technology has significantly improved mobility and
stability at the same time, achieving both extremely low off‐state
current similar to conventional oxide TFTs and high on‐state
current equivalent to LTPS TFTs.
8‐4: Oxide Semiconductor In‐Zn‐O‐X system with High Electron Mobility
Authors: Tokuchi Shigeki , Shiranita Ryo , Teramura Kyosuke , Furuta Mamoru
Published: August 2023

We proposed high mobility In‐Zn‐O‐X system, in which X is
added to control carrier density. Choosing favorable X additives
and optimizing the composition are keys to achieve high
mobility. We have demonstrated Thin‐Film Transistor with its
mobility over 60 cm2/Vs, and that would be useful for high‐definition display.
9‐2: TurboLED: Novel Pixel Design for Reduced Power Consumption and Expanded Color Gamut
Authors: Levermore Peter , Zeder Simon , Bluelle Balthasar , Ruhstaller Beat , Subedi Ram Chandra , Stavrou Kleitos , Ahumada-Lazo Ruben , Monkman Andrew
Published: August 2023

We present a novel pixel design called TurboLED® for reducing
the power consumption of displays, as well as extending lifetime
and expanding color gamut. In a TurboLED® display, each pixel
comprises stacked LEDs, with independent lighter and deeper red,
green and blue emissive units. We demonstrate 36.9% power
savings for a TurboLED® display compared to a standard RGB
OLED display. With further optimization, there is potential to
reduce display power consumption by up to 50% and enable the
Rec. 2020 color gamut without significant increase in power
consumption.
9‐3: NIR OLEDs using NIR Emitters and Optical Effects for Wavelength Control in NIR Light Region
Authors: Cho Eun Hae , Park Yongjin , Chi Yun , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: August 2023

Near‐Infrared organic light emitting diode (NIR OLED) that
can be potentially applied to flexible devices and bio/medical
applications based on NIR emitter and optical effects are
proposed. The proposed NIR OLEDs can freely control the peak
wavelength in the NIR region of 720 ~ 760 nm and offer the
possibility of finding the optimal point of best photo‐therapeutic
effects in the NIR region.
10‐1: Resolution Evaluation Using MTF for A High‐Definition Floating Display
Authors: Shimose Kazuki , Tamamura Tatsuya , Tadauchi Ryo , Kawanishi Hiroyoshi , Tsubota Shoichi
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a high‐definition floating display that places the proprietary design mirrors in a folding arrangement. There has been no uniform standard for evaluating floating displays. Therefore, we constructed an experimental environment matched to floating displays, and performed the evaluation using the Modulation Transfer Function, which is one of the indexes for evaluating lens performance. The evaluation result has shown that the proposed system achieved the floating display with almost the same resolution as the light source. It also has shown higher resolution than the conventional systems.
10‐3: Resolution Capability Measurements: A Comparison Between MTF Slanted Line and Pixel Crosstalk
Authors: Rotscholl Ingo , Krueger Udo
Published: August 2023

In this contribution, we qualitatively and quantitively compare the
recently proposed slanted line MTF resolution measurement with
the established pixel crosstalk resolution measurement. This is
done by comparing evaluation results and reproducibility from
measurements of nine different samples in three different setups
for each method.
11‐2: A 9 kfps 1411 PPI GaN‐based µLED Display CMOS Backplane
Authors: Canals Joan , Moro Victor , Schöttler Georg , Bornemann Steffen , Waag Andreas , Prades Juan Daniel , Diéguez Angel
Published: August 2023

The revolution of the GaN‐on‐Si hybrid integration has redefined
microdisplay as a point‐light source for scientific, communication
and visualization applications, thanks to their superior
capabilities in terms of resolution, brightness and switching
speed. In this work, we present a CMOS (Complementary
Metal‐Oxide Semiconductor) backplane able to exploit the GaN
microarrays capabilities, producing high‐speed patterns (up to
9.15 kfps) at high optical intensities (up to 120 uA per pixel and
16 grey levels) at an unprecedented resolution of 1411 PPI
(512×512 pixel with 18um pitch). In addition, the backplane can
be operated in pulsed mode, allowing the entire array to be toggled
between the stored frame and off state at 1 MHz. Its unique
characteristics expand the range of possible applications, from
fluorescence‐based performance assays to the manufacturing of
DNA chips.
11‐5: Invited Paper: Evolving into an Era of Natively Flexible Smart Systems
Authors: Costa Júlio , Barlier Vincent , Norman Hellen , Ozer Emre , Alkhalil Feras , Price Richard
Published: August 2023

Natively flexible electronics allow for ultra‐thin functionality to
be added to wearable, conformal large‐area sensing applications,
reducing or eliminating the need for bulky rigid components and
dramatically improving both form factor and cost of the final
system. Flexible Hybrid Electronics (FHE), which combine
flexible and rigid components, are increasingly used for sensing
applications like health patches, industrial sensing, robotics,
augmented and virtual reality, etc. Thin‐Film Transistor (TFT)
display manufacturing technologies are well established and have
been leading the drive for cost and form‐factor optimization. In
this article, we review an intersection of these technologies for
sensing applications, predicting the emergence of smart systems
made up of only low cost natively flexible electronic components
including printed sensors, flexible ICs, printed batteries, printed
antennas, and flexible displays.
12‐1: Invited Paper: Recent Progress on Active‐Matrix Addressable Monolithic Micro‐LEDs for High PPI Full‐color Displays
Authors: Ke Zhang , Pei Xiaoming , Qiu Chengfeng , Kwok Hoi Sing , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

Micro‐LED has natural advantages in brightness, contrast, and
resolution to meet the needs of AR applications. In this talk, we
investigate and optimize process issues on high‐quality Micro‐
LED micro‐display chips. We realized the 3175 PPI silicon‐
CMOS driving Micro‐LEDs with brightness of 3 million nits with
good reliability. We also achieved 0.18‐inch Micro‐LED full‐color
display module with the highest brightness level that can be
achieved in the single‐screen full‐color products on the market.
12‐2: Distinguished Student Paper: High efficiency nanowire LEDs for AR/VR displays
Authors: Qian Yizhou , Yang Zhiyong , Huang Yu-Hsin , Lin Kuan-Heng , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: August 2023

Optimized nanowire LEDs exhibiting a narrower radiation pattern and weaker angular color shift are obtained via 3D dipole cloud model. These RGB nanowires are more efficient than their counterpart micro‐LEDs with chip sizes below 20μm, 80μm, and 10μm, respectively. Promising applications such as high‐brightness directional light engines for AR/VR displays are emphasized.
12‐3: Invited Paper: Nanowire Micro‐LEDs for Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) Displays
Authors: Pandey A. , Malhotra Y. , Reddeppa M. , Xiao Y. , Wu Y. , Wang P. , Liu X. , Min J. , Sun Y. , Coe-Sullivan S. , Mi Z.
Published: August 2023

We report on high efficiency InGaN nanowire‐based micro and
nanoscale light emitting diodes (LEDs). We show that record‐
high efficiency and highly directional emissions can be achieved
with red and green submicron nanowire micro‐LEDs. Such LEDs
are critical for augmented reality displays which require both
efficiency and high optical throughput.
12‐4: Invited Paper: Enhancing MicroLED Manufacturing with New Horizons in Metrology and High‐Throughput EL Inspection
Authors: Lewis David
Published: August 2023

microLEDs present a number of unique challenges in testing and
inspection because of their unique structure and tiny size. In the
earlier days of microLEDs, the greatest hurdles to overcome were
miniaturization, chip design, and mass transfer. And while
solutions for these challenges continue to evolve, today's most
critical obstacles are of a different sort. The most fundamental
problem in microLED manufacturing today is the very low yield in
manufacturing. As a result, the industry is in need of effective
testing and high‐throughput inspection equipment in order to
enable high volume production.
13‐2: Invited Paper: Advanced Patterning Method Exceeding a Limitation of Lithography with Resolution Enhancement Technology (RET)
Authors: Toyama Yoshisuke , Ikeda Hirokazu
Published: August 2023

Novel high resolution photolithography process is presented in this paper. New process and materials can use conventional exposure apparatuses with ghi‐line UV light to form high resolution pattern beyond the resolution limit of exposure apparatus.
13‐3: A full‐color optical combiner with good imaging quality and a wide angle of incident light acceptance
Authors: Xi Fenglin , Bos Philip
Published: August 2023

This work demonstrates a full‐color optical image combiner for AR
and heads‐up displays. The novel feature of the device is that the
angle of incident light of the computer‐generated image reflected
by it, can vary over a large range. It achieves improved
performance by using a combination of polarization interference
filters (PIF), quarter wave retarders (QWR), and polarization
volume holograms (PVH). Details of an example design and its
performance are presented.
14‐1: An Automatic Panel Design Using AI‐Based Design Optimization and Standard Design
Authors: Park Ju-Un , Chang Ki-Seok , Cho Seung-Wan , Kim Jun-Hak , Woo Chang-Seung , Lee Chan-Won , Kim Il-Ho , Lee Seok-Woo , Jeong Hoon , Yang Joon-Young , Yoon Soo-Young
Published: August 2023

The display panel design consists of active area, data pad, gate
pad, cell, and glass part. The design sequentially follows the
process of plan, optimization, and drawing. We've developed a
panel design automation platform to automatically complete all
the process with AI‐based design optimization and drawing on the
basis of standard panel design.
14‐2: Angle‐insensitive meta‐surface color filters designed by integrating genetic algorithm with artificial neural network
Authors: Jeong Ki Won , Cho Hyo Jong , Do Yun Seon
Published: August 2023

Next‐generation displays require tiny pixel sizes and are
applied to AR/VR and holograms. Conventional color filters have
limitations in miniaturization and shows poor reliability from
heat, light and other environment. Meta‐surface color filters
(MCFs) are one of the solutions to replace conventional color
filters, suitable for high‐resolution displays. Structural design
parameters are adjusted to determine the filtering properties of
the MCFs. In addition, the metal based meta‐surface shows better
durability cause of the intrinsic characteristics of the material.
However, if the structure is complicated, there require many case‐
studies for verification, which increases trial and error. In
addition, resonance by phase matching between structures
changes according to the angle of incident light. In this study, we
suggest a method to reduce the trial and error required in
designing structure. Also, the design parameters of the MCFs of
the desired color was extracted through an AI model capable of
reverse design. Furthermore, we propose a novel MCFs that
shows characteristics independent to the angle of incident light
through a coaxial hole and disk array structure.
14‐3: Drop Resistance Optimization Through Post‐Hoc Analysis of Chemically Strengthened Glass
Authors: Baek Myunghun , An Taeho , Kuk Seungkuk , Park Kyongtae
Published: August 2023

In the market of the mobile cover glass, the development of chemically strengthened glass is focused on the drop resistance improvement. The cover glass which protects the display panel is a typical brittle material that the micro cracks tends to be occurred underneath a glass surface by physical impacts. The micro cracks tends to be propagated by tensile stress and it is known as a general procedures on glass breakage. In purpose of the cover glass strength improvement, compressive stress is applied to the glass surface using chemical strengthening method by ion exchange. However, since the central area of the glass is relatively subjected to tensile stress, the glass is instantly broken when the propagated cracks are reached on the tensile stress exerted area. The glass specifications have been managed for maintaining the strength using parameters of compressive stress (CS), depth of compression (DOC), and central tension (CT). However, there was no method to judge the most effective factor for impact drop resistance. In order to solve this problem, we developed a machine learning program for cover glass that can predict the breakage height based on stress and mapped evaluation data based on the measured stress profile data and the actual drop breakage simulated evaluation. Especially, eXplainable AI (XAI) method is used to identify the effective factors on drop breakage height. And the test and measurement data were applied to various chemically strengthened glass for analysis.

In this study, it was possible to predict the drop breakage height only by measuring the stress profile of chemically strengthened glass. The feature value of chemically strengthened that has the most effect on the drop breakage resistance on rough surfaces was identified to be stress value at 30um in the case of alkali aluminosilicate glass. And it was proved that the drop breakage height was improved by 25% only by increasing the compressive stress at 30um depth.
15‐3: Crosstalk Compensation Method Using ELVDD Coupling Modelling in Mobile Active Matrix OLED Display
Authors: Yu Tae-kon , Ok Jiheon , Na Sewhan , Chung Ho-Joon , Park Hyeon-Su , Lim Hyun-Wook , Lee Jae-Youl
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a method of reducing horizontal crosstalk
artifacts due to the coupling effect of data lines and ELVDD
electrodes in each pixel of a mobile active matrix OLED display
is proposed. In order to achieve this, this paper presents a method
for calculating the compensation value through modeling that
reflects the ELVDD coupling characteristics. The calculation is
applied to find the exact amount of data transition and is
controlled by the position of the pixel and the data coupling
period. The experimental results show that the proposed method
reduces the crosstalk artifact of the horizontal line luminance
deviation from 11% to 2%.
17‐4: Ultra‐high Resolution Full‐Color OLEDs Patterned by Photo‐Lithography
Authors: Lee Ryungyu , Choi Keun-Yeong , Kweon Hyukmin , Ha Borina , Kim Do Hwan , Lee Hojin
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present an ultra‐high resolution organic light‐
emitting diodes (OLEDs) pixels patterned by conventional photo‐lithography via imbuing high chemical and physical resistance to
commercial light‐emitting polymers through the silicon networked
orthogonal gel process. Especially, when silicon networked
orthogonal polymers gel layers are pattered by reactive ion etch, a in‐situ non‐volatile etch‐blocking layer (EBL) is formed to prevent
pattern distortion or damage. This unique feature not only slows the
etch rate but also enhances the anisotropy of etch direction, leading
to achieve ultra‐high resolution multicolor OPSG‐based OLED
patterns (up to 4,500 pixels per inch) through photolithography. This
patterning strategy is expected to provide a novel paradigm toward
ultrahigh‐resolution OLED microdisplays.
18‐3: Computing Display Color Gamut Volume using Tetrahedra
Authors: Poynton Charles , Atkins Robin , Pytlarz Jaclyn , Stolitzka Dale
Published: August 2023

We describes an approach to computation of display color gamut
volume (sometimes called color volume). We describe two methods
of partitioning color space into tetrahedra, and methods of
aggregating the volume of tetrahedra. There some mathematical
subtleties that need to be addressed to efficiently obtain the correct
result. We discuss the constraints that guide a suitable choice of
color space in which to perform the calculation. Our goal is to
characterize the range of physical stimuli produced by a display.
We want a perceptual measure of this volume, but we want the
metric to cover the entire range of physical display stimuli, not
just the range attained at a particular state of the viewer's adaptation.
We comment on using CIE LAB or BT.2124 ITP5 as the
underlying colorspace, and suggest that ITP is most useful.
19‐1: Distinguished Paper: Mirror‐Transcending Aerial‐imaging (MiTAi): An Optical System that Freely Crosses the Boundary between Mirrored and Real Spaces
Authors: Sano Ayaka , Makiguchi Motohiro , Matsumoto Takahiro , Matsukawa Hisashi , Yamamoto Ryuji
Published: August 2023

A new optical system, called a “mirror‐transcending aerial
imaging”, for freely displaying digital information beyond the
boundary between a mirrored space and a real space is proposed.
A prototype was implemented and was evaluated by measuring
luminance of the displayed aerial images in real and mirrored
spaces.
20‐4: An AI‐Driven Aquarium Guide System for Intelligent Museum
Authors: Liu Te-Chih , Lin Yu-Hsin , Cheng Ting-Hsun , Chao Yu-Ju , Chen Jian-Lung
Published: August 2023

Visitors to aquariums often struggle to access information and differentiate between similar marine species. To address this issue, ITRI has developed an AI‐driven Aquarium Guide System that uses real‐time face tracking and recognition technology, along with fish identification and gesture recognition. When visitors stand in front of a fish tank, the system detects their gaze and facial features, and identifies the species they are looking at. The backend database then displays the fish's name and provides relevant information to visitors.

This system has a 98% accuracy rate in recognizing marine life and can adjust the information based on visitor gestures with an accuracy error of less than 1.0 mm. It also uses virtual and augmented reality technology, paving the way for real‐time, immersive mapping technology.

The AI‐driven Aquarium Guide System improves the visitor experience at tourist attractions by offering accurate and interactive information about marine life. This increases visitor understanding and appreciation of marine creatures while providing an engaging and enjoyable experience. We are thrilled to announce that this system has won the 2023 CES Innovation Award, recognizing its excellence and innovation. It has already been installed at the National Museum of Marine Science & Technology (NMMST), transforming the way visitors experience and learn about marine life.
20‐5: Novel Interactive Mixed Reality System Based on Dual Depth Camera Gesture Recognition for Human‐Computer Interaction
Authors: Wu Meng-Hsuan , Ho Yuan-Hao , Liu You-Hong , Zheng Qing-Yu , Huang Cheng-Yi , Lin Chih-Lung
Published: August 2023

This work presents a novel human‐computer interactive mixed
reality (MR) system using two depth cameras to recognize users’
gestures, which are used to make control commands. Moreover,
the display screen of the computer is streaming to MR via
transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP). By
using the proposed system, users can easily interact with
computers anywhere without the limitations of the display screen,
mouse, and keyboard.
21‐3: Quantum Rod Color Filters with High Ambient Contrast Ratio
Authors: Gao Yiyang , Prodanov Maksym F. , Kang Chengbin , Liao Zebing , Kumar Mallem , Song Jianxin , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: August 2023

Applying quantum dot (QDs)‐based photoluminescent color filter
arrays to mono‐color OLED displays and liquid crystal displays is
considered a promising method to broaden the color gamut and
boost the brightness and efficiency of the display. However, the
ambient light could excite the semiconductor QDs and QRs,
decreasing the display ambient contrast ratio. Adding a
traditional absorptive CF array has limited functions in solving
this problem due to the broadband transmission band of
pigments. With a larger Stokes shift, QRs are more suitable for
suppressing photoluminescent reflection. In this article, we
simulate the ambient contrast ratio of a QD/QR‐OLED display,
considering the parameters of backlight, the Stokes shift, the
absorption strength, and spectral properties of QRs, QDs, and
absorptive CFs, our discussion provides insight for optimization
of the display ambient contrast ratio.
21‐5: Far‐Field Native Emission Patterns of Various MicroLED Structures
Authors: West Paul R. , Ahmed Khaled
Published: August 2023

With the excitement of MicroLEDs for displays, a variety of
different MicroLED architectures have been developed with
various advantages in power efficiency and manufacturing.
One lingering challenge of the industry is an intuitive
understanding of the angular emission patterns of the various
MicroLED architectures. The angular emission from the
MicroLED (in conjunction with its surrounding materials)
will determine the viewing angle of displays. Three common
MicroLED architectures are explored, modeled and simulated
with Finite‐Element‐Modeling. Native emission patterns
from the MicroLEDs are shown, along with an analytical
model as a generalized method to understand and predict the
angular emission of generic MicroLED architectures.
22‐2: Low power consumption optimization using conformalized quantile regression
Authors: Park Kyongtae , Chu SeongBaik
Published: August 2023

AMOLED IT develops low‐frequency technology to meet the market's low power consumption needs. If the frequency is lowered to 48hz, the logic power consumption compared to 120hz can be reduced by about 30%. However, the flicker phenomenon during low‐frequency operation is a significant defect that customers can immediately recognize. The cause of the flicker phenomenon is known to have various effects, such as process, design, and device characteristics. However, there needed to be a way to calculate it, considering all parameters accurately. To solve this issue, we developed an AI that can predict by collecting information on the process, panel design, device characteristics, and flicker data mentioned above and using XAI to analyze the AI. As a result, we could determine the cause of the flicker under what circumstances. We applied synthetic generation AI to improve insufficient experimental data and improved predictive consistency through optimization. We additionally discovered a cause that was not well known before, and the importance of each parameter was identified. As a result, using this technology to predict the flicker phenomenon in advance when changing the process, prevent failures, and predict the risk of new IT models. Moreover, the prediction reliability of the model was verified by conformalized quantile regression to minimize the risk.
23‐1: An Analysis of Power Consumption and Heat Generation modeling of OLED panel according to driving environment
Authors: Jang Daegwang , Iee Seungjae , Cho Seongheon , Ahn Kukhwan , Choi Yongseok , Shin Wonju
Published: August 2023

In this study, the heating characteristics of each part during driving
of the OLED panel were modeled. The main idea is to analyze how
power is consumed depending on the image in each part, and also
analyze the temperature change over time, and compare the actual
measurement results and modeling results under various
conditions. This method can be used as a simulation tool that
predict heat generation according to the driving environment of
various product groups.
23‐2: Operation Method of Changing Data Rate for High‐Speed Signal Transmission on Display System
Authors: Li Chien-Hao , Hu Jen-Chieh , Tzeng Syang-Yun , Hsiao Chu-Ya , Lin Yen-Chung , Guo Wei-Da
Published: August 2023

This study proposed a driving method for switching the operating
frequency of a source driver based on single frame. The main
purpose of this approach is to allow each frame to operate at
different frequencies, avoiding energy accumulation that leads to
problems of WWAN‐related radio frequency interference. Since
the frequency is changed based on the unit of one frame, data
transmission is performed at the same frequency in the active
area of display, which expands the adjustment range of operating
frequency without increasing the total jitter (Tj) of the transmitted
signal. In addition to effectively reducing radio frequency
interference, it also avoids the shortcomings of traditional spread
spectrum.
24‐2: Facile Design of Integrated Gate Driver Circuit with Self‐aligned InGaZnO TFTs and Reliable Compensation Technology for 166 PPI WOLED Displays
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Noh Seok , Jung Sujin , Han Inhyo , Jung Sang-Hoon , Yang Joon-Young , Yoon Soo Young , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: August 2023

In this research, we describe a facile design of white organic light
emitting diode (WOLED) displays applicable to 8K4K resolution of
large‐area displays. We demonstrated a 13.3‐inch diagonal size
(166 pixel‐per‐inch) of WOLED display, including a self‐aligned
oxide thin‐film transistors, simple pixel driving circuit, external
compensation method, fast driving integrated gate driver circuit.
The narrow bezel of 3.9 mm is realized when multi‐output gate
driver circuit is applied. The required function for external
compensation method is realized by the integrated gate driver
circuit. The external compensation improved global luminance
uniformity, especially at the low gray level.
24‐3: Invited Paper: PAM and PWM Driving Comparison for Micro LED Display
Authors: Lee Junewoo , Su Sungyu , Kuo Yu-Chieh , Tien Kun-Cheng , Lee Ming-Hsien , Lin Chen Chi , Huang Shu-Hao , Chen Ming-Lung , Cheng Te-sheng , Wu Yangen
Published: August 2023

A new PAM impulse driving method was introduced for active
matrix micro LED on Glass, which is getting a great attention as a
next‐generation display with various excellent characteristics in
optical performance, reliability, and high‐resolution possibility.
New 13.55" panel was prepared, and the result was analyzed by the
difference in driving concept from the conventional PWM driving
panel. In addition, the panel performance, image quality and color
characteristics were compared and analyzed accordingly.
26‐3: Assessing Vehicle Driver Performance in Dual‐Depth Head‐Up Displays
Authors: Chou Tzu-An , Chuang Chih-Hao , Hsu Ching-Cheng , Chen Chien-Yue
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the display information of automotive head‐up
displays has gradually developed from single depth to multiple
depths. To reduce the driver's workload and reduce the number of
eye adjustments, the researchers used the human eye's visual
perception to realize the image information that blends with the
real world. The results of the study showed that the dual‐depth
head‐up display was effective in reducing driver workload.
27‐1: A Low Noise 17” X17” IGZO X‐ray Sensor Panel
Authors: Chang Chia-Ming , Tsai Chia-Hsiu , ZHOU Geng-Qun , Chun-Lin Chen , Chen Ruei-Pei
Published: August 2023

Recently the IGZO X‐ray TFT has been introduced in digital X‐ray detector (DXD) industry because of its superior TFT
characteristic especially its low leakage current. In this work
we successfully manufactured a 17”X17” IGZO X‐ray sensor
panel which has low noise level. The TFT off leakage current
is smaller than 0.5fA in TFT off region, as the result, it can
reduce 65% noise level than a‐Si TFT X‐ray sensor panel.
Finally we evaluate the stability of IGZO X‐ray sensor panel
under X‐ray irradiation. By tuning the Vgl setting, we estimate
our IGZO X‐ray sensor panel can survive after the X‐ray
accumulation dosage 600Gy on IGZO TFT for medical image
application.
28‐3: Distinguished Student Paper: Optimizing microdisplay requirements for pancake VR Applications
Authors: Hsiang En-Lin , Yang Zhiyong , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: August 2023

By systematically analyzing the image degradation caused by the VR optics and display light engines, the requirements for a microdisplay panel, such as contrast ratio, number of local dimming zones, and resolution density are optimized. These results help prevent overdesign of display light engines, e.g., mini‐LED backlit LCDs, OLEDs, or micro‐LEDs, in a VR system.
28‐4: 1.50‐Inch, 3207‐ppi OLED Display and Optical System for VR Use
Authors: Ikeda Hisao , Hatsumi Ryo , Nakamura Daiki , Nishimura Tomotaka , Hirose Takeya , Fujita Kazuhiko , Maruyama Junya , Yamane Yasumasa , Yamagata Sachiko , Tsukamoto Yousuke , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: August 2023

We fabricated a 1.50‐inch, 3207‐ppi OLED microdisplay with
an oxide semiconductor LSI/silicon LSI backplane and a novel
pancake lens. Patterning an OLED layer by lithography allows
fabrication of an ideal display having low power consumption,
an ultra‐high aperture ratio and a wide color gamut.
29‐4: Higher External Quantum Efficiency with Lower Current Density Injection of <10 μm Pixel Size Arrays for Display Application
Authors: Liu Yibo , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Feng Feng , Li Zichun , Chan Ka-Wah , Kwok Hoi Sing , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the gallium nitride (GaN) based Micro‐LED was
fabricated based on a self‐aligned process with hydroxide
treatment and ALD passivation from 100 μm down to 3 μm. The
different current spreading performance was characterized based
on the series resistance analysis. Then the size‐dependent carrier
concentration profile was demonstrated via the capacitancevoltage
measurement, identifying the various carrier injection
behavior by different size. Finally, the external quantum
efficiency and luminance versus current density dependence for
array device and the single device was compared, revealing a
higher efficiency at lower current density for array device, which
is favorable for display application.
31‐2: An Asynchronous Single‐Ended Touch Sensing Method for Y‐OCTA Using Adaptive TX Duty Control method
Authors: Lee Jin-Chul , Park Junchul , Cho Sung-yong , Jo Yun-Rae , Baek Seung-hoon , Kim Young-min , Jung Won-gab , Lim Hyun-Wook , Kim Siwoo , Lee Jae-Youl
Published: August 2023

In this paper, it is introduced a new touch sensing method for
the flexible OLED (Y‐OCTA) eliminating the chronic
constraints on selecting touch sensing frequencies. In the prior
art, the touch sensing frequencies have been limited to the
display scan frequency(H‐sync) or its harmonics to avoid the
interference effects between Touch and Display operations,
which results in some weaknesses in external noise immunity
for the Touch sensor. This paper proposes a method to
overcome the constraints such that any sensing frequencies
would be available, while preserving Display Noise immunity
for Touch IC and display flicker‐free for Display as well. As a
result, the proposed IC showed SNR enhancement of 17 dB
without display flicker in the asynchronous sensing mode for
the worst test image patterns having the strongest Display Noise.
The proposed IC was fabricated on a 90‐nm CMOS process and
its silicon area is 21.2mm 2.
31‐3: In‐cell touch supported novel reflective LCD mode Development
Authors: Terashita Shinichi , Watanabe Kouichi , Minari Chiaki , Kitagawa Daiji , Shimoshikiryoh Fumikazu , Sakai Akira , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: August 2023

The novel display mode for in‐cell touch reflective LCDs was
developed. The basic optical display performance in test cells was
almost same as conventional VA. In addition, the touch
performance of the prototype in‐cell touch reflective module (the
simple modification of the transmissive) was equivalent to the
conventional transmissive. The optimal panel design for this
display mode is currently under development.
32‐2: Mask Reducing Backplane Architecture for Advanced Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Yao Jiangbo , Zhou Kai , Luo Chuanbao , Lu Macai , Peng Junbiao , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2023

In this work, a novel thin film transistor (TFT) structure named
ASD was prepared, which means active layer bottom‐contact with
source/drain(SD) layer. ASD device use the first light shield metal
layer served as SD electrode simultaneously, which can reduce 2‐count‐mask array process compared with traditional top gate (TG)
device. The mobility and subthreshold swing of the ASD a‐IGZO
TFT device can reach 14 cm2/Vs and 0.18 V/dec, respectively. The
PBTS and NBTIS are within 0.5V through process optimization. In
addition, a 7.1 inch Micro‐LED display used ASD TFT backplane
has demonstrated, and Finally, the Micro‐LED panel shows +0.7V
Vth shift after the high temperature and high humidity operation
(HTHHO) 500h reliability test.
32‐4: Late‐News Paper: A 1.03‐inch 2560x2560 3514 PPI Low Power OLEDoS Backplane with In‐pixel Up‐scaling Technique
Authors: Jung Dongsoon , Cho Ara , Kim Hokwon , Jeong Minsu , Lee Jeong Hwan
Published: August 2023

A 1.03‐inch 2560x2560 low power OLEDoS backplane with a
proposed in‐pixel up‐scaling technique is designed and
implemented. Due to the proposed technique based on
interpolated pixel scheme, the pixel density of the backplane
realizes 3514 PPI (Pixels per Inch) with lower power
consumption. The backplane has 1280x1280 input video
resolution and output video resolution is upscaled to 2560x2560
without additional up‐scaler. A measured power consumption per
1 mega pixel without OLED frontplane is 16.3mW which is less
than our previous 0.7‐inch 1920x1080 OLEDoS backplane with
the same semiconductor fabrication process.
33‐2: Invited Paper: Multiple‐Resonance Boron‐Nitrogen Materials: Effective Emitters for High‐Performance Green‐Emission OLEDs
Authors: Cao Xudong , Liang Xiao , Li Chong , Xu Kai , Duan Lian
Published: August 2023

Green‐emission multiple‐resonance boron‐nitrogen emitters were
demonstrated to dramatically improve the device performance
from the aspects of the device efficiency, lifetime and color purity
in commercialized device architecture. SY‐FGD2, SY‐FGD3 and
SY‐FGD5 were used as final emitters in green phosphorsenzitized‐fluorescent
OLEDs, achieving prolonged lifetime of 149
hrs at 50 mA/cm 2 (up by 210%), extremely high efficiency of 250.9
cd/A at 10 mA/cm 2, and siginificantly improved CIEy of 0.791,
respectively. Notably, SY‐FGD4 achieved simultaneously
improvement in efficiency and lifetime by 27% and 46% and
gained a high CIEy of 0.77 through CPL optimization.
33‐4: Supramolecules in Thin Films and OLED Efficiencies
Authors: Abroshan Hadi , Winget Paul , Kwak Shaun , Brown Christopher T. , Halls Mathew D.
Published: August 2023

This work demonstrates a multi‐tiered computational workflow to
accurately and efficiently investigate the electronic properties of
OLED materials in realistic thin‐film morphologies. We apply a
range of robust atomistic‐scale modeling and simulation methods
to reveal hybrid electronic states in OLED films. This work paves
the way for efficient materials screening before laborious
synthesis and device fabrication.
34‐1: Invited Paper: Future AR‐HUD System
Authors: Han Younghoon , Yang Heajin , Yoon Chanyoung , Kim Byungjo , Oh Jaeho
Published: August 2023

The automotive head‐up display (HUD) was introduced by General Motors in 1988 to prevent driver distraction. Augmented reality (AR) technology has made the HUD more attractive for ADAS visualization, with the ability to overlay driving and sensed information on the road. Early versions of AR‐HUD products have limited functionality due to conventional optic technology and a limited perception of the environment. Future AR‐HUD will require a large field of view, multiplane capability, real‐time sensor fusion and correction, and an embedded system implementation. This paper reviews the future enabling technologies and reference implementations for AR‐HUD.
35‐1: Retroreflective ZBD LCD for High Brightness Digital License Plate
Authors: Bryan-Brown Guy , Graham Emma , Amos Richard , Pfeiffer Matthias
Published: August 2023

Excellent night‐time visibility of electronic displays can be achieved by incorporation of a retroreflective element to allow efficient return of incident light from car headlamps, IR camera systems etc. However, such displays have a poor daytime appearance since diffuse reflectivity is required to make best use of ambient light. In this paper we present a novel optical configuration for reflective liquid crystal displays, which can achieve both these reflectivity conditions simultaneously.