bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Holy Folly: Explorations of Humility in the Kievan Caves Monastery
Authors: Prestel David K.
Published: June 2017

Although he does not in important respects fit the traditional paradigm of a Byzantine salos or later Russian iurodivyi, certain aspects of holy foolishness, or perhaps better holy folly, provide insight, in both their presence or absence, for interpreting the tale of the Kievan Caves Monastery monk, Prince Sviatoslav Davidovich (Sviatosha) of Chernigov. The tale is part of a collection of stories about early Caves monks, purported to be a correspondence between its author, Bishop Simon of Suzdal, and the monk Polikarp, which form the core of what later came to be called the Kievan Caves Patericon. Sviatosha’s commitment to self-abasement, simplicity, poverty, and denial of high worldly status, takes place within the context of the strictest obedience to the superior, the Caves brethren, and the Studite Rule. The high degree of Christocentricity, self-denial and submission evident in the monastic practice of Sviatosha, as well as that of Feodosii, stands out in two respects. First, though traditionally the sources of Kievan spirituality and monastic practice have been sought in Constantinople or Mount Athos, it is becoming clear, especially when considering Sviatosha and Feodosii, that the spirituality of the Caves Monastery owes much to both Byzantium and contemporary Western monastic practice, such as that of the Cistercians. Secondly, the extraordinary account of the prince-monk, Sviatosha, and the obedience and humility he demonstrates stands out among the Rurikids in a manner that resonates even to the reign of Ivan iv in the sixteenth century.
Characteristics of Land–Air Exchange Parameters over Grassland in Southeast Tibet
Authors: Ma Shupo , Zhou Libo
Published: June 2017

Accurate parameters that describe land–air exchange processes are essential for studying and predicting atmospheric processes over the Tibetan Plateau. Radiation, atmospheric thermal and moisture conditions, and turbulent heat and momentum fluxes were measured in the Yarlung Zangbo River, southeast Tibet, in May–July 2013. Based on the data, land–air exchange parameters were derived over the grassland surface, including the aerodynamic roughness length z0m, thermal roughness length z0h, the excess resistance to heat transfer kB−1 (where k represents the von Kármán constant and B−1 represents the Stanton number), and momentum and heat transfer coefficients (CD and CH, respectively). The average z0m was 7.0 cm, with a standard deviation of 1.4 cm; these values are higher than those observed in the central and western plateau regions and may have been affected by the tall grass and bush surface covers that surrounded the observation site. The average kB−1 was 5.7 ± 1.8, which is higher than that in other plateau regions in the same season. The average CD during the observation period, (11.9 ± 1.6) × 10−3, is also higher than that of other plateau regions. The commonly used iterative scheme and three noniterative turbulent flux parameterization schemes were evaluated over southeast Tibet using the above observational data. Parameter CD was underestimated by most schemes, whereas CH was overestimated by all schemes. Additional studies suggested that the iterative scheme performed best in retrieving the land–air exchange parameters and can be applied over southeast Tibet.
Development of a Precipitation Climate Record from Spaceborne Precipitation Radar Data. Part I: Mitigation of the Effects of Switching to Redundancy Electronics in the TRMM Precipitation Radar
Authors: Kanemaru Kaya , Kubota Takuji , Iguchi Toshio , Takayabu Yukari N. , Oki Riko
Published: June 2017

Precipitation observation with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission’s (TRMM’s) precipitation radar (PR) lasted for more than 17 years. To study the changes in the water and energy cycle related to interannual and decadal variabilities of climate, homogeneity of long-term PR data is essential. The aim of the study is to develop a precipitation climate record from the 17-yr PR observation. The focus was on mitigating the discontinuities associated with the switching to redundant electronics in the PR in June 2009. In version 7 of the level-1 PR product, a discontinuity in noise power is found at this timing, indicating a change in the signal-to-noise ratio. To mitigate the effect of this discontinuity on climate studies, the noise power of the B-side PR obtained after June 2009 is artificially increased to match that of the A-side PR. Simulation results show that the storm height and the precipitation frequency detected by the PR relatively decrease by 2.17% and 5.15% in the TRMM coverage area (35°S–35°N), respectively, and that the obvious discontinuity of the time series by the storm height and the precipitation fraction caused by the switching to the redundancy electronics is mitigated. Differences in the statistics of other precipitation parameters caused by the switching are also mitigated. The unconditional precipitation rate derived from the adjusted data obtained over the TRMM coverage area decreases by 0.90% as compared with that determined from the original data. This decrease is mainly caused by reductions in the detection of light precipitation.
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for depressed patients with diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Kanapathy Jananezwary , Bogle Vanessa
Published: June 2017

Depression is common among patients with diabetes, who have a higher risk of diabetes-related complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and macrovascular complications. The aim of the systematic review is to determine whether cognitive behavioural therapy is effective in reducing depressive symptoms and improving glycaemic control among depressed diabetic patients. The results reveal diversified application of cognitive behavioural therapy. All studies reported that cognitive behavioural therapy had a positive impact on depressive symptoms; three found an improvement in glycated haemoglobin, and one demonstrated improved self-efficacy and self-concept related to successful diabetes management. There is a need for controlled studies with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up.
Fighting fire with fire: Mainstream adoption of the populist political style in the 2014 Europe debates between Nick Clegg and Nigel Farage
Authors: Bossetta Michael
Published: June 2017

Advancing the concept of populism as a political style, this study compares the debate performances of two British party leaders, Nick Clegg and Nigel Farage, as they clashed in a pair of televised debates over Britain’s European Union (EU) membership leading up to the 2014 European Parliament elections. The argument is tested that if under certain conditions, mainstream politicians will adopt a populist style although retaining a non-populist agenda. A mixed-methods approach combines quantitative text analysis with a qualitative rhetorical analysis to demonstrate how the populist and non-populist style can be distinguished and compared systematically. The results suggest that Clegg, while maintaining a non-populist ideology, adopts a populist style after losing the first debate. Farage’s communication style, conversely, remains stable to the point of statistical significance. This suggests that one explanatory factor of populists’ success is the consistency of their message and rhetorical delivery, bolstering their perceived authenticity among voters.
Secretly Serious? Maintaining and Crossing Cultural Boundaries in the Karaoke Bar Through Ironic Consumption
Authors: Peters Julia , van Eijck Koen , Michael Janna
Published: June 2017

When existing cultural boundaries seem to blur, people will look for alternative ways to express their identities. Recent research has shown that aesthetic dispositions (how one consumes culture) may be more significant than taste preferences (what is consumed). Sociologists therefore wonder whether distinction might be going underground. Elaborating on this issue, we examine the role of irony in cultural consumption through nine in-depth interviews with karaoke participants contacted in two bars in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, as we suspect that the ironic attitude is ideally suited to crossing cultural boundaries and, at the same time, to upholding class boundaries by distancing oneself from cultural activities that are considered enjoyable yet incongruent with one’s identity. We indeed found large differences in how people performed and appreciated karaoke, which aligned with their levels of cultural capital.
The Influence of Noise Reduction on Speech Intelligibility, Response Times to Speech, and Perceived Listening Effort in Normal-Hearing Listeners
Authors: van den Tillaart-Haverkate Maj , de Ronde-Brons Inge , Dreschler Wouter A. , Houben Rolph
Published: June 2017

Single-microphone noise reduction leads to subjective benefit, but not to objective improvements in speech intelligibility. We investigated whether response times (RTs) provide an objective measure of the benefit of noise reduction and whether the effect of noise reduction is reflected in rated listening effort. Twelve normal-hearing participants listened to digit triplets that were either unprocessed or processed with one of two noise-reduction algorithms: an ideal binary mask (IBM) and a more realistic minimum mean square error estimator (MMSE). For each of these three processing conditions, we measured (a) speech intelligibility, (b) RTs on two different tasks (identification of the last digit and arithmetic summation of the first and last digit), and (c) subjective listening effort ratings. All measurements were performed at four signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs): −5, 0, +5, and +∞ dB. Speech intelligibility was high (>97% correct) for all conditions. A significant decrease in response time, relative to the unprocessed condition, was found for both IBM and MMSE for the arithmetic but not the identification task. Listening effort ratings were significantly lower for IBM than for MMSE and unprocessed speech in noise. We conclude that RT for an arithmetic task can provide an objective measure of the benefit of noise reduction. For young normal-hearing listeners, both ideal and realistic noise reduction can reduce RTs at SNRs where speech intelligibility is close to 100%. Ideal noise reduction can also reduce perceived listening effort.
Spontaneous Separation of Macular Epiretinal Membrane Without Peripheral Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Authors: Lin James , Chang Jonathan S. , Fuchs Wayne , Chang Stanley
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

To describe findings of a patient with spontaneous separation of macular epiretinal membrane (ERM) associated with a limited posterior vitreous detachment.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

A 69-year-old woman presented with metamorphopsia and loss of vision (20/200) in the left eye (OS) secondary to ERM. One month later, the vision improved (20/40−) following spontaneous separation of the ERM. However, residual epiretinal fibrotic membranes were adherent along the vascular arcades, causing persistent disabling metamorphopsia. During vitrectomy, peeling of the membranes from the vascular arcades demonstrated that the peripheral vitreous cortex had not separated around the macula. The metamorphopsia subsequently improved.

Conclusions:

This case demonstrates a unique finding at the vitreomacular interface, where spontaneous ERM separation was not associated with a peripheral vitreous detachment. The peripheral cortical vitreous remained intact, serving as a scaffold for membrane proliferation along the vascular arcades.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin in adults with relapsed or refractory CD22-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a phase 1/2 study
Authors: DeAngelo Daniel J. , Stock Wendy , Stein Anthony S. , Shustov Andrei , Liedtke Michaela , Schiffer Charles A. , Vandendries Erik , Liau Katherine , Ananthakrishnan Revathi , Boni Joseph , Laird A. Douglas , Fostvedt Luke , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Advani Anjali S.
Published: June 2017

Key Points

Weekly InO 1.8 mg/m2 per cycle is associated with manageable toxicities and encouraging activity in patients with relapsed/refractory ALL. Achievement of MRD negativity and disease burden was not correlated; InO may thus be effective regardless of baseline disease severity.
Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt
Authors: David Anda , Jarreau Joachim
Published: June 2017

We analyze the determinants of emigration at the individual and household level, using three waves of the Egyptian labor market panel survey (ELMPS) covering the 1998–2012 period. Exploiting the panel structure of the data allows us to reduce the risk of reverse causality and to estimate the effect of migrant networks more accurately than in studies based on cross-sectional data. We confirm, in the Egyptian context, the non-linear relationship between household resources and migration propensity, due to migration costs; a larger network of past emigrants from the same community mitigates this selection on wealth, increasing the propensity to migrate among poorer households. We also show that unemployment and informal employment act as incentives to emigrate, suggesting that the scarcity of quality jobs, in particular on the skilled labor market, is one important driver of emigration flows in Egypt. However, these incentives turn into effective migration only in communities with a sufficiently large network of past migrants.
The novel compound PBT434 prevents iron mediated neurodegeneration and alpha-synuclein toxicity in multiple models of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Finkelstein David I. , Billings Jessica L. , Adlard Paul A. , Ayton Scott , Sedjahtera Amelia , Masters Colin L. , Wilkins Simon , Shackleford David M. , Charman Susan A. , Bal Wojciech , Zawisza Izabela A , Kurowska Ewa , Gundlach Andrew L. , Ma Sheri , Bush Ashley I. , Hare Dominic J. , Doble Philip A. , Crawford Simon , Gautier Elisabeth CL. , Parsons Jack , Huggins Penny , Barnham Kevin J. , Cherny Robert A.
Published: June 2017

Elevated iron in the SNpc may play a key role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) neurodegeneration since drug candidates with high iron affinity rescue PD animal models, and one candidate, deferirpone, has shown efficacy recently in a phase two clinical trial. However, strong iron chelators may perturb essential iron metabolism, and it is not yet known whether the damage associated with iron is mediated by a tightly bound (eg ferritin) or lower-affinity, labile, iron pool. Here we report the preclinical characterization of PBT434, a novel quinazolinone compound bearing a moderate affinity metal-binding motif, which is in development for Parkinsonian conditions. In vitro, PBT434 was far less potent than deferiprone or deferoxamine at lowering cellular iron levels, yet was found to inhibit iron-mediated redox activity and iron-mediated aggregation of α-synuclein, a protein that aggregates in the neuropathology. In vivo, PBT434 did not deplete tissue iron stores in normal rodents, yet prevented loss of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons (SNpc), lowered nigral α-synuclein accumulation, and rescued motor performance in mice exposed to the Parkinsonian toxins 6-OHDA and MPTP, and in a transgenic animal model (hA53T α-synuclein) of PD. These improvements were associated with reduced markers of oxidative damage, and increased levels of ferroportin (an iron exporter) and DJ-1. We conclude that compounds designed to target a pool of pathological iron that is not held in high-affinity complexes in the tissue can maintain the survival of SNpc neurons and could be disease-modifying in PD.
A survey of diminished reality: Techniques for visually concealing, eliminating, and seeing through real objects
Authors: Mori Shohei , Ikeda Sei , Saito Hideo
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we review diminished reality (DR) studies that visually remove, hide, and see through real objects from the real world. We systematically analyze and classify publications and present a technology map as a reference for future research. We also discuss future directions, including multimodal diminished reality. We believe that this paper will be useful mainly for students who are interested in DR, beginning DR researchers, and teachers who introduce DR in their classes.
Before and after Retrofit Behavior and Performance of a 55-Story Tall Building Inferred from Distant Earthquake and Ambient Vibration Data
Authors: Çelebi Mehmet , Kashima Toshihide , Ghahari S. Farid , Koyama Shin , Taciroğlu Ertuğrul , Okawa Izuru
Published: June 2017

A sparsely instrumented 55-story building in Osaka, Japan, had recorded unprecedented, severe, and long-duration, long-period resonating responses during the 11 March 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake that occurred at 767 km distance. Thereafter, studies of the records resulted in the implementation of a significant retrofit design, comprising dampers and buckling restrained braces (BRBs). The responses of the retrofitted building were also recorded during the 24 April 2016 M7.3 Kumamoto earthquake that occurred at 478 km. The earthquake and on-demand acquired ambient response data are analyzed in this study to assess the impact of this rare, retrofitted and instrumented tall building subjected to long period strong shaking from events originating at far distances. As expected, the fundamental frequency and critical damping ratio of the building increased, albeit small, after the retrofit as compared to before the retrofit. Increase of damping percentage is a positive finding and indicates that even larger percentages may be attained under shaking stronger than the 2016 event. The records indicate that the building still experiences significant resonance, torsion, as well as a beating effect.
In the Penumbra of the Antillean Hallucination
Authors: Griffin G. A. E.
Published: June 2017

This intervention in the problem of representation and postcoloniality examines the proliferating newspaper photographs of accused criminals in the former British colony of Nevis. These images instantiate what Frantz Fanon describes as an “autoscopic” hallucination, the effect of a mirror that disorders Antillean imagination and governmentality. However, one finds that Fanon's formulation of the “Antillean hallucination” and the resulting negative assessment of the prospects of an Antillean postcoloniality are the effect of a sticky/tarring alignment with the sensory schisms and epistemic rifts that constitute Lacanian psychoanalysis as an extension of French colonial politics. Recognizing how Jacques Lacan “prepares his own snout” and makes himself a “tar-baby,” Griffin offers the grave citation as a ruse for escape. He examines a point of separation in the Lacanian/Fanonian union by identifying in the Antillean hallucination a voice that is not ventriloquized and names that picture an achievable Antillean postcoloniality.
Sympathetic Graffiti in Haiti: Jerry's Murals as a Scene of Pedagogical Curiosity
Authors: Kivland Chelsey L.
Published: June 2017

Since 2010, “Jerry” has become Haiti's most prominent graffiti artist. Dealing with the most sensitive issues of the day—disaster, insecurity, illiteracy, aid dependency, corruption, and poverty—he has canvassed Port-au-Prince and other cities with murals that invite compassion for his subjects and collective recognition of difficult social realities. This essay argues that the artistic modality and political sensibility displayed in Jerry's graffiti can be productively read as participating in a form of “sympathetic education.” Jerry sees the urban landscape as a classroom in which sympathy can be taught and his graffiti murals as instructive of a broader and more engaged public. By casting Jerry's oeuvre as a form of sympathetic education that draws on Haitian strategies for bringing people into affective and social accord, this essay elucidates his distinct style of graffiti and offers it as a model for public art.
The Point of No Return: Wendy Nanan as Postindenture Indian Female Visionary Artist
Authors: Mohammed Patricia
Published: June 2017

This essay examines the organic connection between the methods and materials used by Indian artist Wendy Nanan and the metaphysical ideas that underpin her creativity. Her exposure to a mixture of religious and cultural practices drawn from Presbyterianism and Hinduism, to the variegated festivals of a postslavery postindenture society of Trinidad is re-presented in the symbolic and allegorical pieces that Nanan has produced for over two decades. These evoke messages of harmony despite difference and of political agency for a nation. Her symbolism establishes an Indian aesthetic and iconography that has evolved in this society beyond its original moment of entry to a point of no return to an imagined purity.
The Work of Disappointment
Authors: Fryar Christienna D.
Published: June 2017

This essay engages Yarimar Bonilla's Non-Sovereign Futures: French Caribbean Politics in the Wake of Disenchantment (2015) by considering one of its key throughlines: the idea of disappointment as a motivator of politics, especially non-sovereign politics. Through an ethnography of Guadeloupean labor activism, Bonilla critiques modern notions of national sovereignty as the only and inevitable product of decolonization. Provocative as it is, her account challenges the methods, periodization, and habits of Caribbean history and highlights the blind spots of European studies. But more broadly, this essay argues for the broadest application of the book's insights, which, when extended, ask whether sovereignty is a useful category for understanding the contemporary and globalized world. This is a question that remains only too timely as populist movements around the world rail against globalization in the name of national sovereignty.
Genetic deletion of amphiregulin restores the normal skin phenotype in a mouse model of the human skin disease tylosis
Authors: Hosur Vishnu , Low Benjamin E. , Shultz Leonard D. , Wiles Michael V.
Published: June 2017

In humans, gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in RHBDF2 cause the skin disease tylosis. We generated a mouse model of human tylosis and show that GOF mutations in RHBDF2 cause tylosis by enhancing the amount of AREG secretion. Furthermore, we show that genetic disruption of AREG ameliorates skin pathology in mice carrying the human tylosis disease mutation. Collectively, our data suggest that RHBDF2 plays a critical role in regulating EGFR signaling and its downstream events, including development of tylosis, by facilitating enhanced secretion of AREG. Thus, targeting AREG could have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of tylosis.
Can Diffusion Weighted Imaging Aid in Differentiating Benign from Malignant Sinonasal Masses?: A Useful Adjunct
Authors: Das Abanti , Bhalla Ashu S. , Sharma Raju , Kumar Atin , Thakar Alok , M. Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Sharma Mehar C. , Sharma Suresh C.
Published: June 2017

Background: To evaluate the role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values at 3 Tesla in characterizing sinonasal masses.

Material/Methods: After ethical clearance, 79 treatment naive patients with head and neck masses underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including DWI at 3 Tesla using the following b values – 0, 500 and 1000 s/mm2. Thirty-one patients were found to have sinonasal tumours and were subsequently analysed. Image analysis consisted of a morphological evaluation of conventional MR images, qualitative evaluation of DW trace images and quantitative assessment of mean ADC values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to determine a cut-off ADC value for the differentiation between benign and malignant masses.

Results: Sinonasal masses showed an overlapping growth pattern on conventional imaging, irrespective of their biological nature. The mean ADC value of benign lesions was 1.948±0.459×10–3 mm2/s, while that of malignant lesions was 1.046±0.711×10–3 mm2/s, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.004). When a cut-off ADC value of 1.791×10–3 mm2/s was used, sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 83.3% were obtained for characterization of malignant lesions, which was statistically significant. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) showed distinctly high ADC values, while meningioma was the only benign lesion with restricted diffusion. Atypical entities with unexpected diffusion characteristics included: adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, meningioma, chondrosarcoma and fibromyxoid sarcoma.

Conclusions: DWI in conjunction with conventional imaging can potentially enhance the diagnostic accuracy in characterizing sinonasal masses as benign or malignant. Some specific entities such as JNA and meningioma showed distinctive diffusion characteristics.
BRD4 inhibition for the treatment of pathological organ fibrosis
Authors: Stratton Matthew S. , Haldar Saptarsi M. , McKinsey Timothy A.
Published: June 2017

Fibrosis is defined as excess deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. It is estimated that 45% of deaths in the developed world are due to fibrosis-induced organ failure. Despite the well-accepted role of fibrosis in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, there are only two US Food and Drug Administration–approved anti-fibrotic therapies, both of which are currently restricted to the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, organ fibrosis represents a massive unmet medical need. Here, we review recent findings suggesting that an epigenetic regulatory protein, BRD4, is a nodal effector of organ fibrosis, and we highlight the potential of small-molecule BRD4 inhibitors for the treatment of diverse fibrotic diseases.
The Erosion of the Middle Class – Threat to the Development of the Welfare State
Authors: Марыганова  , Maryganova E.
Published: June 2017

The article deals with the problems and consequences of inequality in society and the erosion of the middle class in the developed countries, as well as the particularities of these processes in Russia. The result of the growing inequality in the United States and other leading countries is an aggravation of social problems. It is difficult for a large number of young people to get а high-quality education and, in the long run, paid jobs and their own homes. There has been a deterioration of health, reduction of life expectancy for the poorest sectors of the population, increase in crime and in the number of people in custody. Leading scientists from the West offer solutions to these problems. The article shows that Russian “middle class” has the essential features and is still in the course of its formation. Crisis of 2014 damaged Russian middle class, which performs important functions in the economic and social development of Russia. That class is the main consumer of the produced economic benefits; investor whose savings are channeled to the development of the economy. Representatives of the middle class generate and accumulate human capital needed for the development of an innovative economy. The crucial role of this layer of society is to serve as a social stabilizer. The slowdown of the middle class, and even more, its size reduction can cause serious damage to the economic and social development of Russia.
Peat stratigraphy mapping using ground penetration radar and geotechnical engineering implications
Authors: Akpabio Godfrey , Johnson Ubong , Cana Calrlos Vargas , Agbasi Okechukwu
Published: June 2017

A Combined Land and Marine Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys was carried out in Southwestern part of Lagos, Badia, Nigeria with a view of delineating the subsurface peat stratigraphy that would aid geotechnical engineering design of the appropriate soil stability processes. The GPR study was conducted along eight parallel traverses trending East-West, using the Geophysical survey system incorporated (GSSI) SIR-3000 200MHZ Monostatic shielded antenna. Geographically, the study area is approximately between latitude 715000N and 716000N and longitude 538600E and 540300E of the universal traverse Mercator. The antenna was present with three gain points in order to improve the scans during data acquisition while 33 scans per meter were taken (representing 3cm station spacing) with a sampling window of 400ns with offset of +25ns.The topography is generally flat with localized undulations due to sand heaps from canals dredging and sand filling activities in the area. The peat depth was found to vary from 1.5m to 6m and the thicknesses from traverse one (1) to eight (8) on chainage 625m to 1100m. The area belongs to Dahomey Basin which is also known as Dahomey Embayment or Benin Benin or as West Nigeria Basin. The mineralogy, micro-fabrics and Morphology of the delineated stratigraphy was determined using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results obtained revealed the presence of five subsurface (Topsoil/ sand filled Layer, Silty Clay, Peat, sandy Clay and Silty Sand) geological Layers, distinct geomorphological features, and high, moderate and low amplitudes, to continuous and discontinuous planer relax Facies structures. SEM and XRD analyses of the field samples obtained showed the dominance of Kaolinite, illite and quarts minerals in the clay/peat mapped. The derived engineering parameters suggest that the peat found in the study area are “fibrous peat” with low strength and medium to low bedding stress. It is observed that the peat generally depict high compressibility value, low internal frictional angle, they exhibit low elastic properties such as low shear modulus, low bulk modulus and young modulus values. The findings confirm the efficacy and relevance of GPR technique for pre-construction engineering investigation.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of using antibiotics as self-medication among non-medical graduates
Authors: V Asha , Yadav Karthik D
Published: June 2017

Background: Antibiotic abuse is a major concern in the modern era of internet. The ease of availability of drugs, lack of time to visit a doctor, poverty, the lack of knowledge about antibiotics, the influence of relatives, friends and advertising media seems to be the major contributing factors for self-medication. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics as self-medication among non-medical graduates.Methodology: A validated, self-administered questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice was used to collect data from 400 non-medical graduates.Results: Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square and Multiple response test. Results revealed that 163(68%) B.E and 95(59%) B.Com graduates were aware of antibiotics. Majority of graduates (>90%) in both the groups have the opinion that antibiotics are “Over the Counter” (OTC) drugs and that they have adverse effects.Conclusion: Majority of B.E and B.Com graduates were aware of antibiotics, but not of their side effects. They had the misconception that antibiotics are “OTC” drugs. The most common reason for self-medication was the previous use of same medication.
Victimización secundaria en los supuestos de violencia contra mujeres inmigrantes en situación administrativa irregular
Authors: Merino Sancho Víctor
Published: June 2017

Este artículo evalúa el tratamiento jurídico de la violencia contra las mujeres inmigrantes en situación administrativa irregular a propósito de la Ley del Estatuto de la Víctima sobre la eliminación de la victimización secundaria. Con este objeto se revisa la noción de victimización secundaria para identificar los supuestos en los que se produce con la implementación de las normativas evaluadas, y en especial cuando coinciden motivos de género y de extranjería. El análisis propuesto acentúa las discordancias resultantes de la prevalencia de la condición de extranjera y la situación administrativa irregular sobre la de víctima de violencia. Frente a ello se propone reformular procedimientos existentes y nuevos modos de acceso a la justicia y los recursos y servicios de la Ley contra la violencia de género para que sean más respetuosos con la autonomía y agencia de las víctimas.
Mixed Martial Arts Induces Significant Fatigue and Muscle Damage Up to 24 Hours Post-combat
Authors: Ghoul Nihel , Tabben Montassar , Miarka Bianca , Tourny Claire , Chamari Karim , Coquart Jeremy
Published: June 2017

Ghoul, N, Tabben, M, Miarka, B, Tourny, C, Chamari, K, and Coquart, J. Mixed martial arts induces significant fatigue and muscle damage up to 24 hours post-combat. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1570–1579, 2019—This study investigates the physiological/physical responses to a simulated mixed martial arts (MMA) competition over 24 hours. Twelve fighters performed a simulated MMA competition, consisting of three 5-minute MMA matches. Physiological/physical data were assessed before (Trest), directly after round 1 (Trd1), round 2 (Trd2) and round 3 (Trd3), and then 30 minutes (Trecovery30min) and 24 hours (Trecovery24h) post competition. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate concentration ([La−]) were assessed at Trest, Trd1, Trd2, and Trd3. Biological data were collected at Trest, Trd3, Trecovery30min, and Trecovery24h. Physical tests were performed at Trest, Trecovery30min, and Trecovery24h. HR, RPE, and [La−] were high during competition. Leukocytes, hemoglobin, total protein, and glycemia were increased at Trd3 compared with all other time points (p ≤ 0.05). Cortisol was increased at Trd3 compared with Trest and Trecovery24h (p ≤ 0.05). Testosterone was higher at Trd3 and Trecovery30min than Trest (p < 0.001). Higher values of uric acid were noted during recovery periods (p < 0.001). Lactate dehydrogenase was lower at Trest compared with Trd3, Trecovery30min, and Trecovery24h (p ≤ 0.05). Countermovement jump was higher at Trest than Trecovery30min (p = 0.020). Consequently, MMA is a high-intensity intermittent combat sport that induces significant fatigue and muscle damage, both of which are still present at 24 hours post competition.
Relationship Between Percentages of Heart Rate Reserve and Oxygen Uptake Reserve During Cycling and Running: A Validation Study
Authors: Guimarães Giovanna C. , Farinatti Paulo T.V. , Midgley Adrian W. , Vasconcellos Fabrício , Vigário Patrícia , Cunha Felipe A.
Published: June 2017

Guimarães, GC, Farinatti, PTV, Midgley, AW, Vasconcellos, F, Vigário, P, and Cunha, FA. Relationship between percentages of heart rate reserve and oxygen uptake reserve during cycling and running: a validation study. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1954–1962, 2019—This study investigated the relationship between percentages of heart rate reserve (%HRR) and oxygen uptake reserve (%Vo
2R) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and discrete bouts of isocaloric cycling and treadmill running. Thirty men visited the laboratory 3 times for anthropometrical and resting Vo
2 assessments, and perform cycling and running CPETs. Ten men visited the laboratory twice more to investigate the validity of the %HRR-%Vo
2R relationships during isocaloric bouts of cycling and running at 75% Vo
2R with energy expenditures of 400 kcals. The %HRR was significantly higher than the %Vo
2R during both CPETs at all exercise intensities (p < 0.001). During isocaloric exercise bouts, mean %HRR-%Vo
2R differences of 6.5% and 7.0% were observed for cycling and running, respectively (p = 0.007–p < 0.001). The %HRR and %Vo
2R increased over time (p < 0.001), the rate of which was influenced by exercise modality (p < 0.001). On average, heart rate was 5 (p = 0.007) and 8 (p < 0.001) b·min−1 higher than predicted from the second energy expenditure quartile for cycling and running, respectively; however, observed Vo
2 was lower than predicted during all quartiles for cycling, and the first quartile for running. Consequently, time to achieve the target energy expenditure was greater than predicted (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the %HRR-%Vo
2R relationship observed during CPET data did not accurately transpose to prolonged isocaloric bouts of cycling and running. In addition, power outputs and speeds defined by the American College of Sports Medicine equations for cycling and running, respectively, overestimated Vo
2 and energy expenditure.
Comparison of Incremental Intermittent and Time Trial Testing in Age-Group Swimmers
Authors: Zacca Rodrigo , Azevedo Rui , Peterson Silveira Ricardo , Vilas-Boas João P. , Pyne David B. , Castro Flávio A. de S. , Fernandes Ricardo J.
Published: June 2017

Zacca, R, Azevedo, R, Peterson Silveira, R, Vilas-Boas, JP, Pyne, DB, Castro, FAdS, and Fernandes, RJ. Comparison of incremental intermittent and time trial testing in age-group swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 801–810, 2019—The aim of this study was to compare physiological and biomechanical characteristics between an incremental intermittent test and a time trial protocol in age-group swimmers. Eleven national level age-group swimmers (6 men and 5 women) performed a 7 × 200-m incremental intermittent protocol (until exhaustion; 30-second rest) and a 400-m test (T400) in front crawl on separate days. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured continuously using a telemetric portable gas analyzer. Swimming speed, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index were assessed by video analysis. Physiological (oxygen uptake, heart rate, and lactate concentrations) and biomechanical variables between seventh 200-m step (in which the minimal swimming speed that elicits maximal oxygen uptake—vV̇o
2max was identified) and T400 (time trial/fixed distance) were compared with a paired student's t test, Pearson's product-moment correlation, Passing-Bablok regression, and Bland-Altman plot analyses. There were high level of agreement and high correlations (r-values ∼0.90; p ≤ 0.05) for all physiological variables between the seventh 200-m step and T400. Similarly, there were high level of agreements and high correlations (r-values ∼0.90; p ≤ 0.05) for all biomechanical variables and only trivial bias in swimming speed (0.03 m·s−1; 2%). Primary physiological and biomechanical responses between incremental intermittent and representative time trial protocols were similar, but best practice dictates protocols should not be used interchangeably to minimize errors in prescribing swimming training speeds. The T400 is a valid, useful, and easier to administer test for aerobic power assessment in age-group swimmers.
Entre secours et guérison: les enfants de la polio à Montréal vus par les philanthropes, 1930-1955
Authors: Commend Susanne
Published: June 2017

Cet article propose une analyse de la perception sociale des enfants handicapés au Québec entre 1930 et 1950, décennies frappées par des épidémies successives de poliomyélite. À travers l’examen des archives d’une association montréalaise visant à secourir les « enfants infirmes », l’étude démontre que la perception des enfants de la polio est fortement teintée par une idéologie de la guérison qui insiste sur leur redressement physique et moral. Afin de convaincre le public de se montrer généreux, les organisateurs des campagnes de souscription mettent l’accent sur la vulnérabilité de leurs protégés et dépeignent une image sentimentale des bambins. Les fillettes, conceptualisées comme fragiles, incarnent cette représentation de la victime méritante par excellence, plus encore que les garçons. Une logique paternaliste de protection et d’assistance se dégage de la plupart du matériel publicitaire et des documents publiés par la Société de secours. L’organisme se positionne clairement en protecteur des enfants auxquels il vient en aide, parfois même en cherchant à les soustraire à l’ignorance de leurs parents. Une vision plus pragmatique est aussi partagée par les bienfaiteurs puisqu’ils perçoivent leurs protégés comme des « ressources humaines », de futurs citoyens dont l’avenir ne saurait être hypothéqué. La société québécoise ne peut se permettre de gaspiller ce capital humain, c’est pourquoi les philanthropes veulent sauver le joyau de la nation : ses enfants. This article proposes an analysis of the social perception of disabled children in Quebec between 1930 and 1950, decades hit by successive epidemics of poliomyelitis. Through the study of the archives of the Quebec Society for Crippled Children, this paper shows that the image of «polio children» was influenced by an ideology of cure which assets that they can be straightened physically and morally. In order to convince the public to be generous, the organizers of the subscription campaigns emphasize about the vulnerability of their protégés and depict a sentimental image of the toddlers. The girls, conceptualized as fragile, embody par excellence this representation of deserving victim, even more than boys. A paternalistic logic of protection and assistance emanates from most advertising material and documents published by the philanthropic association. The organization is clearly positioned as a protector of the children to whom it helps, sometimes even trying to keep them from the ignorance of their parents. A more pragmatic vision is also shared by the benefactors as they perceive their protégés as "human resources", future citizens whose future cannot be compromised. Quebec society can not afford to waste this human capital, which is why philanthropists want to save the treasure of the nation: its children.
Ableism/disablism, on dit ça comment en français?
Authors: Parent Laurence
Published: June 2017

Les concepts « ableism » et « disablism » sont bien connus dans les disability studies et sont de plus en plus utilisés par activistes et artistes. Pourtant, ils commencent à peine à émerger dans la littérature francophone. Ces concepts importants ont jusqu’à présent été traduits de diverses façons (capacitisme, handicapisme, incapacitisme et validisme) sans qu’aucune traduction ne parvienne à s’imposer. Cet article fait état du retard des études francophones québécoise et canadienne sur le handicap et présente les récents développements relatifs à l’utilisation des concepts de capacitisime et de handicapisme. En tant qu’activiste, chercheure et femme handicapée francophone québécoise, je soutiens qu’il est nécessaire de développer un « isme » en français pour mieux comprendre l’oppression vécue par les personnes handicapées. The concepts, “ableism” and “disablism” are well known within the field of disability studies, and are being used more often by both activists and artists. However, they are only just starting to emerge in Francophone academic literature with terms such as capactitisme, handicapisme, incapacitisme and valisme. Although beginning to make waves, these terms have yet to be embraced. This article explores the major gap that exists in Francophone disability studies between Québec and Anglophone Canada, and presents recent developments of the usage of the concepts capacitisme and handicapisme. I will argue, from the stance as an activist, academic, Francophone from Quebec, disabled woman, the need to develop an “ism” in the French language to highlight and give a deeper understanding to the lived oppression of disabled people.
Diversidad de Theridiidae (Araneae) en la Reserva Natural e Histórica Isla Martín García (Buenos Aires-Argentina)
Authors: López-Lezama Diana , Armendano Andrea , Scioscia Cristina , González Sandra , Barneche Jorge , Giambelluca Luis , Reboredo Guillermo , Gabellone Cecilia , González Alda
Published: June 2017

Las arañas son consideradas de importancia para estudios de biodiversidad, conservación y sucesión. Presentan facilidad para dispersarse y establecerse en nuevos hábitats por lo que son buenos colonizadores de territorios insulares. La familia de arañas Theridiidae es una de las más diversas, representada por una gran variedad morfológica, etológica y ecológica. En Argentina no existen trabajos referidos a terídios de territorios insulares, por lo tanto, este trabajo consiste en el primer registro de la familia en estos ambientes. La Isla Martín García es una Reserva Natural e Histórica que se ubica en el sector noreste del Río de La Plata y presenta variabilidad ambiental y florística. Para analizar la riqueza específica, abundancia relativa y diversidad alfa y beta de terídios se realizaron muestreos durante tres años consecutivos mediante red de golpeo y muestreo manual. Se capturaron un total de 1173 individuos, pertenecientes a nueve géneros y 21 morfoespecies. La especie más abundante en todos los ambientes fue Cryptachaea hirta (61,68%). La selva fue el ambiente con mayor diversidad (H’ = 1,9, J = 0,67) (S = 16), brindando una vasta vegetación, con amplios recursos para la subsistencia de estas arañas. La isla no correspondería a un área de importancia respecto a la singularidad de especies. Se encontraron tres nuevos registros para Argentina: C. altiventer, Theridion positivum y T. tinctorium.
Pollen of colombian magnolias
Authors: Serna-González Marcela , Velásquez-Ruiz César
Published: June 2017

La familia Magnoliaceae ha sido de gran interés para los científicos que buscan entender la evolución de las plantas en flor. Los caracteres morfológicos han sido investigados en varios estudios, especialmente en China, el país con mayor número de especies. Colombia, con 36 especies, tiene el mayor número de especies en América del Sur. A pesar de la importancia evolutiva de la familia y las amenazas significativas a las especies supervivientes, todavía falta información sobre las Magnoliaceae colombianas debido a la falta de investigaciones. En este artículo se describe la morfología del polen de catorce especies de Magnolia de Colombia con base en su tamaño, forma, aberturas, exina y escultura. Los granos de polen de material fresco y colecciones de herbario fueron estudiados usando métodos de acetólisis estándar, y las descripciones morfológicas fueron elaboradas a partir de las observaciones de microscopía de luz y microscopía electrónica de barrido. En este estudio los granos de polen se consideraron grandes (de 68,2 a 115 μm en el eje más largo y de 41,4 a 69,3 μm en el eje más corto), en forma de barco y anasulcado. En las especies analizadas se encontraron patrones de escultura en exina tales como rugoso, psilado, perforado y combinaciones de estos tipos. Aunque existe una gran uniformidad en la forma de los granos de polen, se encontraron algunas diferencias entre las especies, no sólo en tamaño sino también en ornamentación. La alta uniformidad de la morfología del polen entre las especies colombianas apoya la clasificación más reciente de las magnolias americanas.
Histological examination of the external oral apparatus of the tadpole of Dendropsophus microcephalus (Hylidae, Hylini)
Authors: Kaplan Moises
Published: June 2017

Examiné la morfología oral de renacuajos de Dendropsophus microcephalus usando cortes histológicos con el objeto de probar varias hipótesis contrapuestas. Encontré que hay un disco oral bien definido y modificado formando un tubo rígido que está oculto debajo de un pliegue de piel. Existe una cresta dérmica en el labio superior pero no hay hileras de dentículos o papilas. Encontré que la morfología oral de D. microcephalus es similar a la de otras dos especies del grupo D. microcephalus.
Fitocenosis en las pluvisilvas sobre ofiolitas del Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt, Cuba Oriental
Authors: Reyes Orlando J. , Acosta Cantillo Félix
Published: June 2017

Se estudiaron las condiciones fisionómicas, ecológicas y fitosociológicas de las fitocenosis observadas en los dos tipos de pluvisilvas sobre ofiolitas presentes en el Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt; ellas son las más desarrolladas, extensas, conservadas y típicas del archipiélago cubano. Algunas tienen tres estratos arbóreos y alcanzan hasta 45 m de altura. Se presentan desde cerca del nivel del mar hasta los 900 m, con precipitaciones de alrededor de 2000 mm a 3600 mm. Se describen por primera vez dos alianzas, cuatro asociaciones y siete subasociaciones, lo que fortalece los valores del parque como Patrimonio de la Humanidad.