bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of gene expression profiles of multiple skin diseases identifies a conserved signature of disrupted homeostasis
Authors: Mills Kevin J. , Robinson Michael K. , Sherrill Joseph D. , Schnell Daniel J. , Xu Jun
Published: May 2018

Triggers of skin disease pathogenesis vary, but events associated with the elicitation of a lesion share many features in common. Our objective was to examine gene expression patterns in skin disease to develop a molecular signature of disruption of cutaneous homeostasis. Gene expression data from common inflammatory skin diseases (eg psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and acne) and a novel statistical algorithm were used to define a unifying molecular signature referred to as the “unhealthy skin signature” (USS). Using a pattern‐matching algorithm, analysis of public data repositories revealed that the USS is found in diverse epithelial diseases. Studies of milder disruptions of epidermal homeostasis have also shown that these conditions converge, to varying degrees, on the USS and that the degree of convergence is related directly to the severity of homeostatic disruption. The USS contains genes that had no prior published association with skin, but that play important roles in many different disease processes, supporting the importance of the USS to homeostasis. Finally, we show through pattern matching that the USS can be used to discover new potential dermatologic therapeutics. The USS provides a new means to further interrogate epithelial homeostasis and potentially develop novel therapeutics with efficacy across a spectrum of skin conditions.
Masticatory efficiency contributing to the improved dynamic postural balance: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hwang Hae‐Yun , Choi Jun‐Seon , Kim Hee‐Eun
Published: May 2018

Objective

To evaluate whether masticatory efficiency is associated with dynamic postural balance.

Background

Masticatory dysfunction can cause deterioration of general health due to nutritional imbalances, thereby negatively affecting postural balance. However, few studies have investigated the association between masticatory efficiency and postural balance.

Materials and methods

The masticatory efficiency of 74 participants was evaluated by calculating mixing ability index (MAI) using a wax cube. The timed up and go test (TUGT) was used to measure dynamic balance. Participants with an MAI above or below the median value of 1.05 were defined as having high or low masticatory efficiency, respectively. An independent samples t‐test was used to identify significant differences in TUGT, according to masticatory efficiency. Analysis of covariance was performed to adjust for confounding factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between masticatory efficiency and postural balance.

Results

The high masticatory efficiency group could complete the TUGT exercise approximately 1.67 seconds faster while maintaining the postural balance, compared to the low masticatory efficiency group (P = .005). Furthermore, the postural imbalance odds of the group with high mastication efficiency decreased by 0.14‐fold, relative to the group with low mastication efficiency (95% confidence interval: 0.04‐0.46).

Conclusion

With some reservations about statistical power, the association found between masticatory efficiency and postural balance justifies further investigations to confirm the strength of the associations, and possibly to identify causal relationships between mastication and posture in old age.
“Everything Being Tangled Up in Every Other Thing”: Class, Desire, and Shame in Michelle Tea'sThe Passionate Mistakes and Intricate Corruption of One Girl in America
Authors: McKenna Emma
Published: May 2018

This article explores the relationship of shame to class and to desire in Michelle Tea's memoirThe Passionate Mistakes and Intricate Corruption of One Girl in America. Through applying a class analytic to the framework of shame recently advanced by feminist, queer, postcolonial, and affect theorists, I foreground shame as central to the experience of being poor and queer, and examine shame as not only negative and positive, but as productive. I operationalize an “oppositional reading strategy” to insist on attention to the materiality of embodied desire and labor, in particular queer desire and sex work, that is made available in poor and working‐class women's life‐writing. Tea's memoir demonstrates how writing about an ambivalent relation to shame is an act of resistance, an opportunity to transform private, individual experiences into public, and therefore collective, articulations.
Thermal shock resistance of the porous boron nitride/silicon oxynitride ceramic composites
Authors: Sun Yangshan , Cai Delong , Yang Zhihua , Li Qian , Li Hailiang , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu
Published: May 2018

The thermal shock resistance of the porous boron nitride/silicon oxynitride (BN/Si2N2O) ceramic composites were tested by the quenching‐strength method with temperature differences of 600‐1400°C. The residual flexural strength of the composites decreased with increasing temperature difference from 600°C to 900°C. This weakening in flexural strength was attributed to the formation of microcracks in the matrix caused by thermal stress damage. Afterward, as the formation of a dense oxidized layer sealed the surface and hindered further oxidation, the residual flexural strength increased with the further increase of temperature difference from 900°C to 1100°C. Finally, when the temperature differences were above 1100°C, the residual flexural strength gradually decreased with increasing temperature difference, which was attributed to the further oxidation and large thermal stress damage. And the thermal shock resistance of the porous BN/Si2N2O ceramic can be improved by the introduction of high contents of sintering aids and h‐BN.
CD200 is a useful diagnostic marker for identifying atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia by flow cytometry
Authors: Ting Y. S. , Smith S. A. B. C. , Brown D. A. , Dodds A. J. , Fay K. C. , Ma D. D. F. , Milliken S. , Moore J. J. , Sewell W. A.
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is routinely employed in distinguishing between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Inclusion of CD200 has been reported to contribute to more reliable differentiation between CLL and MCL. We investigated the value of CD200 in assessment of atypical CLL cases.

Methods

CD200 expression on mature B cell neoplasms was studied by eight‐color flow cytometry in combination with a conventional panel of flow cytometry markers. The study included 70 control samples, 63 samples with CLL or atypical CLL phenotype, 6 MCL samples, and 40 samples of other mature B cell neoplasms.

Results

All CLL samples were positive for CD200, whereas MCL samples were dim or negative for CD200. Of the CLL samples, 7 were atypical by conventional flow cytometry, with Matutes scores ≤3. These cases were tested for evidence of a t(11;14) translocation, characteristic of MCL, and all were negative, consistent with their classification as atypical CLL. All these atypical CLL samples were strongly positive for CD200.

Conclusion

CD200 proved to be a useful marker for differentiation between CLL and MCL by flow cytometry. In particular, CD200 was useful in distinguishing CLL samples with atypical immunophenotypes from MCL.
Immunobiology of parasitic worm extracellular vesicles
Authors: Eichenberger Ramon M , Sotillo Javier , Loukas Alex
Published: May 2018

Helminth parasites (worms) have evolved a vast array of strategies to manipulate their vertebrate hosts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all helminth species investigated thus far, and their salient roles in parasite–host interactions are being revealed. Parasite EVs directly interact with various cell types from their hosts, including immune cells, and roles for their molecular cargo in both regulation and promotion of inflammation in the host have been reported. Despite the growing body of literature on helminth EVs, limited availability of genetic manipulation tools for helminth research has precluded detailed investigation of specific molecular interactions between parasite EVs and host target cells. Here, we review the current state of the field and discuss innovative strategies targeting helminth EVs for the discovery and development of new therapeutic strategies, placing particular emphasis on both anti‐helminth vaccines and EV small RNAs for treating noninfectious inflammatory diseases.
Potential thermal barrier coating materials: RE3NbO7 (RE=La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy) ceramics
Authors: Chen Lin , Wu Peng , Song Peng , Feng Jing
Published: May 2018

In this work, RE3NbO7 ceramics are synthesized via solid‐state reaction and the phase structure is characterized by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The relationship between crystal structure and thermophysical properties is determined. Except Sm3NbO7, each RE3NbO7 exhibits excellent high‐temperature phase stability. The thermal expansion coefficients increase with the decreasing RE3+ ionic radius, which depends on the decreasing crystal lattice energy and the maximum value reaches 11.0 × 10−6 K−1 at 1200°C. The minimum thermal conductivity of RE3NbO7 reaches 1.0 W m−1 K−1 and the glass‐like thermal conductivity of Dy3NbO7 is dominant by the high concentration of oxygen vacancy and the local structural order. The outstanding thermophysical properties pronounce that RE3NbO7 ceramics are potential thermal barrier coating materials.
Rapid mass production of novel 3D Cu@CuI core‐shell mesh as highly flexible and efficient photocatalyst
Authors: Su Zhen , Li Jing , Zhang Dandan , Hu Sanyuan , Li Heping , Yan Youwei
Published: May 2018

We report a relatively simple and economical approach for mass production of Cu@CuI mesh. This novel core‐shell structure is CuI‐coated Cu mesh, fabricated by one‐step in situ iodination of commercial copper mesh at an ambient temperature. Such a Cu@CuI mesh is low‐cost and can be successfully used for the degradation of soluble organic pollutants in water under UV light. The novel 3D Cu@CuI core‐shell structure allows for high electron/hole separation and thus leads to high catalytic efficiency. Rhodamine B (RhB) is fully degraded in even just 6 minutes using a Cu@CuI mesh as the photocatalyst. Unlike the currently reported photocatalysts mostly in the form of powders, nanoparticles, and/or nanowires, the 3D Cu@CuI mesh is freestanding and flexible, and therefore is easily separated from water after photocatalysis without causing secondary pollution. This is a significant advance toward tackling the expansive separation issue of the conventional catalysts, because the ultra‐simple separation process of 3D Cu@CuI mesh can facilitate its industry application. With a fantastic combination of low cost, facile and green fabrication, high catalytic efficiency and easy separation 3D architecture, the Cu@CuI mesh may serve as a promising candidate for water purification.
Understanding the effect of surface flaws on the strength distribution of brittle single crystals
Authors: Gruber Manuel , Leitner Alexander , Kraleva Irina , Kiener Daniel , Supancic Peter , Bermejo Raul
Published: May 2018

The dependence of strength on the surface quality of brittle single crystals is highly relevant in microelectronic applications, where a certain roughening of the crystal surface is required to guarantee or enhance the functional properties of the final component. In this work, the effect of surface conditioning on the strength distribution of single crystals is assessed on LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 samples with distinct surfaces (i.e., polished, grinded, and scratched). Artificial surface cracks (scratches) were introduced using a Berkovich nanoindenter tip oriented under various angles with respect to the most critical {012} cleavage plane. Biaxial tensile tests were performed using the ball‐on‐three‐balls test, supported by fractographic analyses to interpret the strength results. A direct correlation between sub‐surface damage and strength was observed, associated with the hardness and elastic constants of the material, being strongly dependent on the crystal orientation with respect to the loading axis. Furthermore, we provide an explanation for the usually low Weibull modulus in single crystals and discuss the validity of the biaxial tests on scratched specimens for fracture toughness evaluation.
Commentary: Childhood conduct problems are a public health crisis and require resources: a commentary on Rivenbark et al. ()
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra , Hyde Luke W. , Frick Paul J. , Jaffee Sara R. , Shaw Daniel S. , Tremblay Richard
Published: May 2018

Conduct problems (CP) are actions that violate societal norms and/or the personal/property rights of others, and include behaviors such as vandalism, theft, bullying, and assault. Roughly 8%–10% of children engage in the more severe childhood‐onset form of CP, while another 25% initiate clinically‐significant levels of CP during adolescence. As deftly observed in Rivenbark et al. (), however, the high prevalence of CP belies its severity: Youth with CP are at increased risk for a number of deleterious individual outcomes, including academic delay/dropout, low professional achievement, psychopathology, addiction, and family instability.
Deflections from adolescent trajectories of antisocial behavior: contextual and neural moderators of antisocial behavior stability into emerging adulthood
Authors: Hyde Luke W. , Waller Rebecca , Shaw Daniel S. , Murray Laura , Forbes Erika E.
Published: May 2018

Background

Early adulthood is a critical period when young men involved in antisocial behavior (AB) may desist. Factors including marriage and employment have been shown to predict desistance, but little work has examined whether biological factors (e.g. neural reactivity) predict deflections from lifelong AB trajectories.

Methods

We examined the continuity of, or desistance from, AB in early adulthood using group‐based trajectories of AB across adolescence in a sample of 242 men from low‐income, urban families. We examined contextual factors (romantic relationship quality, employment, neighborhood danger) and neural factors (amygdala reactivity to fearful faces, ventral striatum reactivity to reward) as moderators of the continuity of AB from adolescence (age 10–17) into early adulthood (age 22–23), and whether these pathways differed by race.

Results

High relationship satisfaction and employment at age 20 predicted decreased AB at age 22–23, but only among men with adolescent‐onset/moderate AB trajectories. Ventral striatum reactivity predicted continued AB, but only among African‐American men with early‐starting AB. Amygdala reactivity to fearful faces was related to later AB for those in the early‐starting group, but in divergent directions depending on race: amygdala reactivity to fearful faces was positively related to AB in European‐Americans and negatively related to AB among African‐Americans.

Conclusions

Contextual factors only predicted deflections of AB in those engaged in late‐starting, moderate levels of AB, whereas neural factors predicted continued AB only in those with early‐starting, severe AB, and in divergent ways based on participant race. Though there is limited power to infer causality from this observational design, research on desistance broadly can contribute to informing personalized interventions for those engaged in serious adolescence AB.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus isolated from farmed rainbow trout and tilapia in Kenya is identical to European isolates
Authors: Mulei I R , Nyaga P N , Mbuthia P G , Waruiru R M , Njagi L W , Mwihia E W , Gamil A.A.A. , Evensen Ø , Mutoloki S
Published: May 2018

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is an aquabirnavirus that causes serious diseases in a variety of fish species worldwide. It has been isolated from a large number of healthy fresh and marine water fish. Prior to this study, there was no record of the presence of IPNV infection in Kenya. Here, the presence of IPNV in farmed rainbow trout and tilapia was examined in Nyeri County of central Kenya. Head kidney samples taken from five rainbow trout and three tilapia farms and stored in RNALater® were processed by PCR followed by sequencing of a segment A fragment covering nucleotide positions 2,120–2,343 bp. IPNV was detected in all the farms sampled with infection ratios ranging from 0.3 to 0.78 although the infections were not associated with any specific clinical signs of disease. These findings were supported by immunohistochemistry staining of the virus in the kidney and exocrine pancreas of rainbow trout. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Kenyan isolates were identical to European isolates, suggesting a common origin. These findings highlight the need for better biosecurity procedures with more stringent surveillance programmes and control for fish diseases, especially focusing on imported breeding materials to Kenya.
Lactococcus lactis, causative agent of an endocarditis valvularis and parietalis thromboticans in the allis shad, Alosa alosa (L.)
Authors: Wünnemann H , Eskens U , Prenger‐Berninghoff E , Ewers C , Lierz M
Published: May 2018

Since the 1940s, the anadromous allis shad, Alosa alosa (L.), has suffered population declines throughout its distribution range in Europe. In context of EU‐LIFE projects for the reintroduction of the allis shad in the Rhine system, a comprehensive study was started in 2012 to investigate infectious diseases occurring in allis shad. In course of the study, 217 mature and young‐of‐the‐year allis shad originating from the wild population from the Gironde–Garonne–Dordogne system (GGD‐system) and the Rhine system as well as 38 allis shad from the breeding population were examined by use of bacteriological and histological methods. In 2012 and 2014, an endocarditis valvularis thromboticans caused by a coccoid bacterium was detected in 16% and 25% of mature allis shad originating from the GGD‐system. Results of microbiologic examinations, including biochemical characteristics, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, revealed Lactococcus lactis as causative agent of this infection. This is the first report of an endocarditis valvularis and parietalis thromboticans caused by Lactococcus lactis in fish. Possible sources of infection as well as the impact for the reintroduction programme are discussed.
State of the art review with literature summary on gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy for gastroparesis
Authors: Khoury Tawfik , Mizrahi Meir , Mahamid Mahmud , Daher Saleh , Nadella Divya , Hazou Wadi , Benson Ariel , Massarwa Muhammad , Sbeit Wisam
Published: May 2018

Gastroparesis is a debilitating progressive disease that significantly impacts a patient's life with limited and challenging treatments available. Although the pathogenesis is multifactorial, pylorospasm is believed to have a major underlying role. Several therapeutic interventions directed to the pylorus have been developed over the last decade, including intra‐pyloric injections of botulinum toxin, transpyloric stenting, and surgical pyloroplasty. All of these treatment options had limited and disappointing results. More recently, gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G‐POEM) has been reported as a treatment for refractory gastroparesis. In this review article, we provide an overview on gastroparesis with a focus on the therapeutic interventions. In addition, we provide a literature summary and pool analysis of the clinical efficacy, scintigraphic efficacy, and safety profile of all studies that evaluated G‐POEM in gastroparesis. Overall, seven studies have reported on the use of G‐POEM in gastroparesis, and the pooled analysis of these studies showed a technical success of 100%, with clinical efficacy as assessed by the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptoms Index of 81.5%, gastric emptying scintigraphy normalization in approximately 55.5% of the cases, perioperative complications in 7.6%, and intraoperative complications in 6.6%. This suggests that G‐POEM is a new promising therapeutic intervention for the treatment of gastroparesis with durable effect and limited potential adverse events.
The cellular localization and redistribution of multiple aquaporin paralogs in the spermatic duct epithelium of a maturing marine teleost
Authors: Chauvigné François , Parhi Janmejay , Ducat Carla , Ollé Judith , Finn Roderick Nigel , Cerdà Joan
Published: May 2018

Aquaporin‐mediated fluid transport in the mammalian efferent duct and epididymis is believed to play a role in sperm maturation and concentration. In fish, such as the marine teleost gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), the control of fluid homeostasis in the spermatic duct seems also to be crucial for male fertility, but no information exists on the expression and distribution of aquaporins. In this study, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting analyses, employing available and newly raised paralog‐specific antibodies for seabream aquaporins, indicate that up to nine functional aquaporins, Aqp0a, ‐1aa, ‐1ab, ‐3a, ‐4a, ‐7, ‐8bb, ‐9b and ‐10b, are expressed in the spermatic duct. Immunolocalization of the channels in the resting spermatic duct reveals that Aqp0a, ‐1aa, ‐4a, ‐7 and ‐10b are expressed in the monolayered luminal epithelium, Aqp8b and ‐9b in smooth muscle fibers, and Aqp1ab and ‐3a in different interstitial lamina cells. In the epithelial cells, Aqp0a and ‐1aa are localized in the short apical microvilli, and Aqp4a and ‐10b show apical and basolateral staining, whereas Aqp7 is solely detected in vesicular compartments. Upon spermiation, an elongation of the epithelial cells sterocilia, as well as the folding of the epithelium, is observed. At this stage, single‐ and double‐immunostaining, using two aquaporin paralogs or the Na+/K+‐ATPase membrane marker, indicate that Aqp1ab, ‐3a, ‐7, ‐8bb and ‐9b staining remains unchanged, whereas in epithelial cells Aqp1aa translation is supressed, Aqp4a internalizes, and Aqp0a and ‐10b accumulate in the apical, lateral and basal plasma membrane. These findings uncover a cell type‐ and region‐specific distribution of multiple aquaporins in the piscine spermatic duct, which shares conserved features of the mammalian system. The data therefore suggest that aquaporins may play different roles in the regulation of fluid homeostasis and sperm maturation in the male reproductive tract of fish.
Oral anticoagulation and hip fracture risk: a common misconception?
Authors: Sugiyama T.
Published: May 2018

Click here to view the Letter to the Editor by Dr. Gundlund et al.
Personality and political preferences over time: Evidence from a multiwave longitudinal study
Authors: Ekstrom Pierce D. , Federico Christopher M.
Published: May 2018

Objective

We investigate how the relations between the Big Five personality traits and political preferences develop over a campaign.

Method

We rely on a six‐wave nationwide longitudinal survey from the 2008 U.S. election that included 20,000 respondents (Mage = 49, SD = 15; 53% women, 47% men; 82% White, 8% Black, 6% Hispanic/Latino, 1% Asian, 1% Native American, 2% other). Survey weights were applied to approximate a representative sample of the U.S. population. Ns for reported analyses range from 5,160 to 12,535.

Results

First, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience were significantly associated with changes in outcomes over time, such that individuals higher in Conscientiousness and lower in Openness tended to become more conservative, identify as more Republican, and evaluate John McCain more favorably relative to Barack Obama. Second, the effects of personality on candidate evaluations were mediated by partisanship and ideology. Finally, we find that the relations between traits and late‐campaign candidate evaluations are stronger than those between traits and early‐campaign candidate evaluations.

Conclusions

Personality plays an important, dynamic role in the formation and change of political preferences over the course of political campaigns—a role not entirely visible in cross‐sectional analyses.
Exploring the relationship between illness perceptions and depression in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic literature review
Authors: Muscat Priscilla , Chilcot Joseph , Weinman John , Hudson Joanna
Published: May 2018

Background

The prevalence of depression is found to increase from early stages to later stages of chronic kidney disease. Research on illness perceptions in patients undergoing dialysis has confirmed that patients' beliefs are associated with important outcomes; one of the most significant being depression. However, the association between illness perceptions and depression in patients in pre‐dialysis care remains unclear.

Objective

The main objective of this systematic review was to explore the associative relationship between illness perceptions and depression in patients with CKD prior to the commencement of dialysis.

Methods

The inclusion criteria for papers in this review were studies investigating illness perceptions and depression in patients diagnosed with CKD. Eligible studies were identified by searching the following electronic databases; Medline, CENTRAL, Embase, Psych INFO, Web of Science and Scopus. Data on the participants and the severity of kidney disease, illness perceptions and depression were extracted.

Results

Sixty‐four studies met the criteria for full text review and of these, only four studies met the inclusion criteria following data extraction and quality assessment. Consistent with the common sense model, disease severity was found to be significantly associated with illness perceptions, and both were found to be associated with depression

Conclusions

The results from this review provide further evidence that the illness perceptions and disease severity play a crucial role in the adaption to CKD. This review highlights the lack of research in this area and concludes that more studies are needed to determine the nature and impact of illness perceptions in relation to depression in pre‐dialysis CKD.
Study of movement of umbilical venous catheters over time
Authors: Hoellering Adam , Tshamala Didier , Davies Mark W
Published: May 2018

Aim

To quantify, in well‐positioned umbilical venous catheters (UVC), the direction and magnitude of catheter tip migration.

Methods

In this prospective, single‐centre, observational, cohort study, infants with a UVC inserted that reached the target zone – inferior vena cava, from ductus venosus to cavoatrial junction (CAJ) – were included. Ultrasound was used to position the catheter tip as near to the CAJ as possible at insertion and to guide any subsequent withdrawals of the catheter. Radiographs and ultrasound were repeated the day following the insertion of the UVC and on any day following adjustment. A final scan was performed on the day of catheter removal. The anatomical position of the catheter and its distance from the CAJ was recorded with each scan.

Results

The study ran from May 2015 to August 2016 in the neonatal unit at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. Thirty‐eight patients were recruited, but 18 failed to negotiate the ductus venosus. For the remaining 20, the initial UVC position was within 3 mm of the CAJ on ultrasound. Subsequently, on day 2, 25% of catheters were well positioned, 65% were high and 10% were below the target zone. On the late scan prior to UVC removal, 90% of catheters had migrated from their position on the preceding scan: outward migration in 80% of cases ranging from 2 to 23 mm (median 8.5 mm). Only 35% of catheters remained well positioned.

Conclusion

The majority of UVCs migrate over time, usually inwards initially and then outwards to a low position.
Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development
Authors: Peng M. L. , Li S. N. , He Q. Q. , Zhao J. L. , Li L. L. , Ma H. T.
Published: May 2018

Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS‐QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L‐glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2‐oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L‐glutamine, L‐isoleucine and L‐leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.
Population variability in animal health: Influence on dose‐exposure‐response relationships: Part II: Modelling and simulation
Authors: Martinez Marilyn N. , Gehring Ronette , Mochel Jonathan P. , Pade Devendra , Pelligand Ludovic
Published: May 2018

During the 2017 Biennial meeting, the American Academy of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics hosted a 1‐day session on the influence of population variability on dose‐exposure‐response relationships. In Part I, we highlighted some of the sources of population variability. Part II provides a summary of discussions on modelling and simulation tools that utilize existing pharmacokinetic data, can integrate drug physicochemical characteristics with species physiological characteristics and dosing information or that combine observed with predicted and in vitro information to explore and describe sources of variability that may influence the safe and effective use of veterinary pharmaceuticals.
Old‐age language variation and change: Confronting variationist ageism
Authors: Pichler Heike , Wagner Suzanne Evans , Hesson Ashley
Published: May 2018

The speech of older adults (65+ years old) is a rich resource for a wide range of researchers, including oral historians, developmental psychologists, health communication scholars, speech and hearing specialists, and discourse analysts. Yet in variationist sociolinguistics—the study of language variation, language change, and their social motivations—older adults have fallen afoul of a kind of scholarly ageism. Often consigned to the status of a historical benchmark against which the speech of younger people is compared, and with only rare acknowledgment of their biological, psychological and social diversity, old‐age speakers deserve greater attention. This article provides linguists with an overview of relevant conceptualizations of age and ageing in gerontology, explains why a focus on older speakers is critical to the advancement of the study of language variation and change, and offers practical suggestions for overcoming some of the challenges associated with old‐age research.
Truth in transition? Gender identity and Catholic anthropology
Authors: Jones David Albert
Published: May 2018

There is no high level Magisterial teaching directly on gender dysphoria nor on gender non‐conformity in matters of dress. Nevertheless, the relationship of gender identity to biology raises profound theological questions. Transitioning between gender roles has been construed as an attempt “to alter what is unalterable” and “to establish a false identity in place of one's true identity”. However, the anthropological reality of incongruent gender identity is complex. It has something in common with body dysmorphia, something in common with the feminist criticism of gender roles, something in common with being a eunuch or with having a divergence of sexual development and something in common with homosexuality, but in each case with important differences. This paper sets out a further analogy, between legal gender recognition and legal adoption. Intellectual humility is required to help develop more adequate concepts in this area. At the same time, practical considerations require that one comes to a provisional judgement, at least, concerning this phenomenon. The analogies from divergences of sexual development and from adoption demonstrate that it is possible in principle to affirm the incongruent gender identity without being untruthful or contradicting a sound Catholic anthropology that is adequate to this complex human reality.
Angels in America – a theological reading in conjunction with Pope Francis’ Apostolic Exhortation on The Call to Holiness in Today's World, Gaudete et Exsultate (Rejoice and Be Glad), and key Catholic writings on Homosexuality
Authors: Torevell David
Published: May 2018

This article is an inter-textual study of the play Angels in America (Part One), Pope Francis’ Apostolic Exhortation Gaudete et Exsultate and key Catholic writings on homosexuality. I hope to show how the play might inform future Catholic understandings of self-identity, self-acceptance and self-love and how in turn, Catholic writings on the nature of love, sexuality and holiness can assist audiences to understand more deeply the themes and dilemmas in the play. The Catholic Church is immensely forgiving of the human failure to live up to the lofty demands of love and has a strong tradition of asceticism concerning the positive and transformative effects of self-control. However, due to the cognitive dissonance set up by its teaching on homosexuality, and in particular, its claim that there is an incompatibility between gay identity and ordained priestly identity, the Church has tended to retreat into a world of silence about the importance of self-knowledge to assuage the dissonance it feels. The dramatic deleterious consequences seen in the play about the failure to love oneself are a stark warning to the Church that this might not be the best or most pastoral path to take.
Nivolumab causes focal muscular inflammation without electrophysiological or muscle magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Li Fangzhou , Ayaki Takashi , Ueda Sakiho , Nagai Hiroki , Murata Kenya , Takahashi Ryosuke
Published: May 2018

A 62‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of bilateral shoulder muscle pain after nivolumab treatment. Her laboratory data disclosed elevated serum creatine kinase levels while the magnetic resonance imaging and the electromyography study were unremarkable. A left deltoid muscle biopsy was performed, and the evidence of focal inflammatory cell infiltration surrounding muscle fibers and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I was showed. Even mild and transient muscular symptoms after administration of nivolumab can represent immune‐mediated muscular inflammation.
The Arctic's sea ice cover: trends, variability, predictability, and comparisons to the Antarctic
Authors: Serreze Mark C. , Meier Walter N.
Published: May 2018

As assessed over the period of satellite observations, October 1978 to present, there are downward linear trends in Arctic sea ice extent for all months, largest at the end of the melt season in September. The ice cover is also thinning. Downward trends in extent and thickness have been accompanied by pronounced interannual and multiyear variability, forced by both the atmosphere and ocean. As the ice thins, its response to atmospheric and oceanic forcing may be changing. In support of a busier Arctic, there is a growing need to predict ice conditions on a variety of time and space scales. A major challenge to providing seasonal scale predictions is the 7–10 days limit of numerical weather prediction. While a seasonally ice‐free Arctic Ocean is likely well within this century, there is much uncertainty in the timing. This reflects differences in climate model structure, the unknown evolution of anthropogenic forcing, and natural climate variability. In sharp contrast to the Arctic, Antarctic sea ice extent, while highly variable, has increased slightly over the period of satellite observations. The reasons for this different behavior remain to be resolved, but responses to changing atmospheric circulation patterns appear to play a strong role.
Neuroautonomic activity evidences parturition as a complex and integrated neuro–immune–endocrine process
Authors: Reyes‐Lagos José Javier , Ledesma‐Ramírez Claudia Ivette , Pliego‐Carrillo Adriana Cristina , Peña‐Castillo Miguel Ángel , Echeverría Juan Carlos , Becerril‐Villanueva Enrique , Pavón Lenin , Pacheco‐López Gustavo
Published: May 2018

Parturition in mammals demands a precise coordination of several neuro–immune–endocrine interactions including: a sterile inflammatory response that involves secretion of inflammation mediators like cytokines/chemokines; changes in the secretion of hormones such as progestogen, estrogens, cortisol, and oxytocin; as well as adjustments of the neuroautonomic function. Specifically, the so‐called cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway seems to play a key role in the homeostasis of the neuro–immune–endocrine axis by adjusting the vagus nerve activity during parturition. Here, we provide insights into the importance of the vagus during parturition from an autonomic, endocrine, and immune interplay perspective, and describe the potential role of heart rate variability analysis to explore these interactions noninvasively, economically, and accessibly.
Intervention strategies for preventing excessive gestational weight gain: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shieh C. , Cullen D. L. , Pike C. , Pressler S. J.
Published: May 2018

Background

Interventions relevant to energy intake to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in pregnant overweight and obese women are important but scarce. This review synthesized healthy eating and physical activity strategies and their effects on excessive gestational weight gain prevention.

Methods

Twenty‐three randomized controlled trials that included healthy eating and/or physical activity as an intervention in healthy pregnant overweight or obese adult women and gestational weight gain as a primary or secondary outcome were reviewed.

Findings

Heathy eating and/or physical activity (21 studies, n = 6,920 subjects) demonstrated 1.81 kg (95% CI: −3.47, −0.16) of gestational weight gain reduction favouring intervention. Healthy eating (−5.77 kg, 95% CI: −9.34, −2.21, p = 0.02) had a larger effect size than combined healthy eating/physical activity (−0.82 kg, 95% CI: −1.28, −0.36, p = 0.0005) in limiting gestational weight gain. Physical activity did not show a significant pooled effect. Healthy eating with prescribed daily calorie and macronutrient goals significantly limited gestational weight gain by 4.28 kg and 4.23 kg, respectively.

Conclusion

Healthy eating and/or physical activity are effective in gestational weight gain control. Healthy eating with calorie and macronutrient goals are especially effective in limiting excessive gestational weight gain among pregnant overweight and obese women.
Segmental storiform collagenomas: Expanding the spectrum of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome in children
Authors: Habeshian Kaiane , Huppmann Alison , Ferreira Carlos , Kirkorian A. Yasmine
Published: May 2018

A 4‐year‐old girl with autism spectrum disorder and congenital heart disease presented to dermatology clinic for evaluation of skin growths present since infancy. Physical examination was significant for macrocephaly and agminated skin‐colored to pink papulonodules in a segmental distribution on the right lower back and buttocks, biopsy of which showed storiform collagenomas (sclerotic fibromas). Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic missense mutation in the PTEN gene, and a diagnosis of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome was made. The segmental nature of her storiform collagenomas is unique, to our knowledge, and may be explained by a postzygotic second‐hit PTEN mutation, contributing to the growing spectrum of clinical findings associated with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.
John Leslie's Platonic and non‐religious pantheism of infinitely many divine minds
Authors: Vandergriff Kevin Michael
Published: May 2018

I survey John Leslie's Platonic thesis that if something sufficiently good possibly exists, then it could be ethically required that it actually exists—along with the pantheistic world‐picture to which this thesis leads.
Education level as a predictor of condom use in jail‐incarcerated women, with fundamental cause analysis
Authors: Emerson Amanda M. , Carroll Hsiang‐Feng , Ramaswamy Megha
Published: May 2018

Objective

To model condom usage by jail‐incarcerated women incarcerated in US local jails and understand results in terms of fundamental cause theory.

Design, Sample, Measurements

We surveyed 102 women in an urban jail in the Midwest United States. Chi‐square tests and generalized linear modeling were used to identify factors of significance for women who used condoms during last sex compared with women who did not. Stepwise multiple logistic regression was conducted to estimate the relation between the outcome variable and variables linked to condom use in the literature.

Results

Logistic regression showed that for women who completed high school odds of reporting condom use during last sex were 2.78 times higher (p = .043) than the odds for women with less than a high school education. Among women who responded no to ever having had a sexually transmitted infection, odds of using a condom during last sex were 2.597 times (p = .03) higher than odds for women who responded that they had had a sexually transmitted infection.

Conclusions

Education is a fundamental cause of reproductive health risk among incarcerated women. We recommend interventions that creatively target distal over proximal factors.
Ground‐ and Excited‐State Acidity of Analogs of Red Wine Pyranoanthocyanins,
Authors: Freitas Adilson A. , Silva Cassio Pacheco , Silva Gustavo Thalmer M. , Maçanita António L. , Quina Frank H.
Published: May 2018

Pyranoflavylium cations are synthetic analogs containing the same basic chromophore as the pyranoanthocyanins that form in red wine during maturation and are responsible for its final color. Determination of the ground‐ and excited‐state acidities for a series of eight substituted hydroxy pyranoflavylium cations shows that they are weak acids in the ground state (pKa ranging from 3.4 to 4.4 in aqueous buffer solution), but substantially more acidic in the first excited singlet state (pKa* ranging from ca. 0.2 to 0.7 in 30% methanol–water). Unlike the ground‐state acidities, which show no obvious trend with electronic effects of the substituents, the excited‐state pKa* values correlate well with Hammett sigma parameters for the substituents on the pyranoflavylium chromophore. This difference in the transmission of electronic effects between ground and excited state is reflected in the localization of the HOMO of the cation and conjugate base in distinct regions of the chromophore as compared to delocalization of the LUMO over the entire molecule. The current results provide further support for the conclusion that excited‐state proton transfer is the dominant deactivation pathway for the pyranoflavylium cation excited singlet state in aqueous or aqueous‐organic media and presumably for pyranoanthocyanins as well.
Often Wrong, Never Uncertain: Lessons from 40 Years of State Revenue Forecasting
Authors: Mikesell John L.
Published: May 2018

Experience in state revenue forecasting humbles and educates the public finance scholar and can inform the public administrator. It teaches the limits of econometrics, the importance of disaggregation, the significance of tax administrators, the utility of causal models, the issue of data problems, the need to understand tax structure, the importance of consensus forecasts, the terror of recessions, and the reality of being wrong. In the Indiana consensus system, experience provides greater respect for public servants seeking to make a sustainable fiscal system function and probably contributes to making the revenue forecast binding in the budget process.
For big comparison: Why the arguments against comparing entire religious traditions fail
Authors: Decosimo David
Published: May 2018

The nearly unanimous scholarly consensus is that one should not compare entire religious traditions. “Big comparison,” we're told, is vague, unilluminating, and misleading. And this is because religions are just too big and internally diverse to helpfully compare. Worse, big comparison implicates and extends the essentialist and colonialist legacies of the field's origins. This article contends that such arguments fail, and it argues for the inevitability of big comparison and the possibility and value of executing such comparison well. The patterns of thought in virtue of which big comparison is rejected are not only part and parcel of responsible interpretation but a consequence of commitment to holism. Engaging recent philosophical work on “generics” and considering the way concepts likeracecan enable illuminating comparison such as those involved in discourse about value gaps between white and black lives, I further argue that matters are not saliently different when it comes to comparing under categories like “Judaism” or “Buddhism.” As racial categories admit of useful and problematic comparative usage, so too religious categories. I conclude by offering several snapshots of fruitful big comparison and showing that the case against big comparison itself depends on the very modes of thought it wishes to proscribe.
Incremental peritoneal dialysis: New ideas about an old approach
Authors: Auguste Bourne L. , Bargman Joanne M.
Published: May 2018

Coping with the transition from end‐stage kidney disease to dialysis can be challenging for patients and their care partners. Introducing incident dialysis patients to incremental forms of dialysis is associated with better quality of life and reduced cost. Incremental hemodialysis (HD) has generated significant interest over the last decade with treatments that focus on clinical criteria rather than prespecified Kt/Vurea targets. Incremental peritoneal dialysis (PD) has traditionally focused on the sum of residual renal and peritoneal clearances to achieve a specific Kt/Vurea value. Gradual increases in the PD dose were prescribed as the residual kidney function declined. Adopting a new approach to incremental PD similar to what has been done for incremental HD would obviate the need for Kt/Vurea and focus exclusively on clinical criteria. New incremental PD may be considered less disruptive to incident dialysis patients, and may be more likely to be accepted as treatment. It will also reduce our obsession with small solute kinetics and enhance encounters with patients by focusing instead on the holisitc clinical assessment.