bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Overview of Serous Endometrial Intraepithelial Cancer Treatment: Systematic Review of Adjuvant Options
Authors: Ronsini Carlo , Reino Antonella , Molitierno Rossella , Vastarella Maria Giovanna , La Mantia Elvira , De Franciscis Pasquale
Published: June 2023

SEIC is a non-invasive lesion of the endometrial epithelium considered to be the precursor to uterine serous carcinoma (USC) and is just as aggressive as USC. Currently, there are no reliable data about the behavior and prognosis of SEIC; therefore, the therapeutic management approach is not clear. Method: A systematic search of the Pubmed, Scopus and Embase databases was conducted, following the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: Of the 296 studies that matched the search criteria, only 9 met the inclusion criteria, covering a total of 81 patients. The main disease-presenting pattern was AUB (abnormal uterine bleeding). In 31 cases, SEIC was associated with extrauterine disease. All patients underwent hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy, while only 15 of the 81 patients received adjuvant treatments. In the patients receiving adjuvant therapy, the RR was 42.67%, the DFS was 35.71% and the OS was 57.13%. In patients subjected to follow-up alone, the RR was only 28.78%, the DFS was 59.1% and the OS was 66.6%. Conclusions: The presence of an extrauterine disease significantly worsens outcomes, regardless of adjuvant treatment. In cases of disease confined to the uterine mucosa alone, the prognosis is good and follow-up allows a good control of the disease; however, adjuvant therapy could further increase survival rates and reduce relapse rates.
Use of the Ball-Cratering Method to Assess the Wear Resistance of a Welded Joint of XAR400 Steel
Authors: Ligier Krzysztof , Bramowicz Mirosław , Kulesza Sławomir , Lemecha Magdalena , Pszczółkowski Bartosz
Published: June 2023

Wear-resistant steels are designed to allow for operation under extreme loading conditions. They combine large strength with resilience and resistance to abrasive wear. In stock, the steel is subjected to preliminary heat treatment. However, any further processing at temperatures higher than 200 °C results in tempering that influences the mechanical properties of the material. The presented paper aims to study changes in abrasive wear properties across the welded joint made out of this steel, and its prime novelty lies in using the ball-cratering method to test the wear resistance of the joints. To distinguish between different crystalline structures in the weld, metallographic and XRD analyses were performed that resulted in the determination of five primary zones for which wear tests were carried out. Abrasive wear rates, studied across the welded joint, indicate that the material in the HAZ has the lowest resistance to abrasive wear. Similarly, the obtained values of the wear index show decreasing resistance of the material approaching the joint axis.
New Implant Materials
Authors: Mastrangelo Filiberto
Published: June 2023

In the last forty years, dental implantology has become a widespread worldwide clinical practice in medicine, able to rehabilitate partial or full human edentulism of the jaw and highly successful over the long term [...]
Production of Workpieces from Martensitic Stainless Steel Using Electron-Beam Surfacing and Investigation of Cutting Forces When Milling Workpieces
Authors: Martyushev Nikita V. , Kozlov Victor N. , Qi Mengxu , Tynchenko Vadim S. , Kononenko Roman V. , Konyukhov Vladimir Yu. , Valuev Denis V.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate cutting force when milling 40 × 13 stainless steel samples obtained via electron-beam surfacing. The samples were obtained by surfacing the wire made from the martensitic 40 × 13 stainless steel. The microstructure of the samples and the hardness are discussed in the present study. Emphasis is placed on the study of cutting forces when handling the samples. The structure of the samples obtained by electron-beam surfacing consisted of tempered martensite. The average hardness of the samples was similar to the hardness obtained after quenching and tempering the samples—576 HV for horizontally printed workpieces and 525 HV for vertically printed workpieces. High-speed milling, high-efficiency milling, and conventional milling have been proven to be suitable for handling such workpieces. This study shows that an increase in milling width leads to a gradual decrease in specific cutting force. As the milling depth increases, the specific cutting force decreases intensively at first but then more slowly with time. Machining the workpieces made of the martensitic stainless steel and produced by electron-beam surfacing requires the use of purely carbide mills with a diameter of at least 12 mm. Using a high-speed steel as a tool material results in the rapid failure of the tool. The cutting conditions during the investigation allowed for a decrease in the temperature of the cutting edge, cutting force, and the low-rigid end mill bending. Therefore, this study has made it possible to select modes that allow for a reduction in the vibration of the lathe-fixture-tool-part system.
Effect of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm on Corrosion Kinetics in Titanium Grade 4 Alloys with Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Conforte Jadison Junio , Sousa Cecília Alves , da Silva Ana Claudia Rodrigues , Ribeiro Allan Victor , Duque Cristiane , Assunção Wirley Gonçalves
Published: June 2023

E. faecalis has been associated with bacteremia, sepsis, and bacterial endocarditis and peri-implantitis. This microorganism can remain in the alveolus even after extraction of the root remnant. This study aimed to evaluate the corrosion on different surfaces of commercially pure titanium (Ti) grade 4 (Ticp-G4) as a function of the bacterial biofilm effect of Enterococcus faecalis. A total of 57 discs were randomly divided according to their surface finish (n = 19). For microbiological analysis (n = 9), the discs were placed in 12-well plates containing E. faecalis culture and incubated at 37 °C for 7 days. The results show that for the intergroup analysis, considering the “electrolyte” factor, there was a difference between the groups. There was greater biofilm formation for the D.A.Zir group, with greater electrochemical exchange for Biofilm, and the presence of biofilm favored greater electrochemical exchange with the medium.
Evolution of Chernobyl Corium in Water: Formation of Secondary Uranyl Phases
Authors: Gurzhiy Vladislav V. , Burakov Boris E. , Zubekhina Bella Yu. , Kasatkin Anatoly V.
Published: June 2023

Two crystalline phases, which are analogues of common secondary uranyl minerals, namely, becquerelite (Ca[(UO2)6O4 (OH)6]·8H2O) and phurcalite (Ca2[(UO2)3O2 (PO4)2]·7H2O) were identified on the surface of a Chernobyl corium-containing sample affected by hydrothermal alteration in distilled water at 150 °C for one year. Phases were characterized using Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction Analysis (SCXRD) as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy. Features of the structural architecture of novel phases, which come from the specific chemical composition of the initial fragment of Chernobyl sample, are reported and discussed. Precise identification of these phases is important for modelling of severe nuclear accidents and their long-term consequences, including expected corium–water interaction processes at three damaged Units of the Nuclear Power Plant Fukushima Daiichi.
Permanent Magnet Pump for Aluminum Transport in a Linear Channel
Authors: Gaile Antra , Berenis Didzis , Kalvāns Matīss , Milgrāvis Mikus , Beinerts Toms , Grants Ilmārs , Bojarevičs Andris
Published: June 2023

Electromagnetic systems designed for liquid metal transportation offer a wide range of promising applications within the metallurgical industry. Among these systems, permanent magnet pumps stand out due to their remarkable advantages in processing liquid aluminum. These pumps enable the generation of a vigorous flow of liquid metal, all while maintaining a non-contact approach by bypassing the insulating walls. In this study, we investigate the flow of liquid metal in a rectangular cross-section channel created by a permanent magnet pump. To comprehensively analyze the flow characteristics and assess the technology's scalability, we employ order of magnitude evaluations alongside an experimental model. Ultrasound Doppler velocimetry is utilized to measure the velocity distribution, which reveals an intriguingly asymmetric flow pattern. Furthermore, additional measurements are conducted to determine the integral flow rate and pressure difference. Remarkably, the numerical simulations align closely with the experimental results, demonstrating good agreement in the p-Q curves. These findings provide substantial evidence supporting the remarkable potential of this technology in various applications, such as aluminum degassing, particle agglomerate dispersion, and efficient transportation.
The Improved DC Breakdown Strength Induced by Enhanced Interaction between SiO2 Nanoparticles and LLDPE Matrix
Authors: Lu Yaqing , Liu Yuyao , Tong Yujie , Cheng Huili , Yang Di , Ding Jiandong , Guo Qiyang
Published: June 2023

Direct current (DC) power transmission systems have received great attention because it can easily integrate many types of renewable energies and have low energy loss in long-distance and large-capacity power transmission for electricity global sharing. Nanoparticles (NPs) have a positive effect on the insulation properties of polymers, but weak interaction between NPs and polymer matrix greatly decreases the effort of NPs on the enhancement of insulation properties, and thereby limits its engineering application. In this work, grafting strategy was used to link the modified NPs and polymer matrix to improve their interactions. Silica NPs (SiO2-NPs) were modified by 3-(methacrylyloxy) propyl-trimethoxysilane (MPS) to introduce highly active groups on the SiO2-NPs surface, followed by the pre-irradiated linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) being easily grafted onto the MPS modified SiO2-NPs (MPS-SiO2-NPs) in the melt blending process to obtain LLDPE-g-MPS-SiO2-NPs nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the successful incorporation of MPS into SiO2-NPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verifies that the modified SiO2-NPs exhibits more uniform distribution. The rheology result shows that the interaction between MPS-SiO2-NPs and LLDPE significantly improves. More importantly, the LLDPE-g-MPS-SiO2-NPs nanocomposites displays superior DC breakdown strength to that fabricated by conventional modification methods. When the addition of MPS-SiO2-NPs is 0.1 wt%, the highest DC breakdown strength values of 525 kV/mm and 372 kV/mm are obtained at 30 °C and 70 °C, respectively, and high DC breakdown strength can be well maintained in a wide loading range of NPs.
Computational Insights into Novel Inhibitor N-(3-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-indole and Ingliforib Specific against GP Isoenzyme Dimers Interaction Mechanism
Authors: Wang Youde , Li Shuai , Yan Zhiwei , Zhang Liying
Published: June 2023

The high conservation of the three subtypes of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) presents significant challenges for specific inhibitor studies targeting GP. Our prior screening revealed that compound 1 exhibited unequal inhibitory activity against the three GP subtypes, with a noticeable effect against brain GP (PYGB). The commercially available ingliforib demonstrated potent inhibitory activity specifically against liver GP (PYGL). To guide the further design and screening of high-specificity inhibitors, the possible reasons for the differential inhibitory activity of two compounds against different GP subtypes were analyzed, with ingliforib as a reference, through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Initially, the study predicted the binding modes of ligands with the three GP receptor subtypes using molecular docking. Subsequently, this was validated by molecular dynamics experiments, and possible amino acid residues that had important interactions were explored. The strong correlation between the calculated interaction free energies and experimental inhibitory activity implied the reasonable binding conformations of the compounds. These findings offer insight into the different inhibitory activity of compound 1 and ingliforib against all three GP subtypes and provide guidance for the design of specific target molecules that regulate subtype selectivity.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Activity of Black Poplar Buds’ Hydroalcoholic Macerates from Dobrogea Area
Authors: Stanciu Gabriela , Aonofriesei Florin , Lupsor Simona , Oancea Elena , Mititelu Magdalena
Published: June 2023

Black poplar buds have high contents of many compounds with therapeutic potential, which are useful in cosmetics and the treatment of various dermatitis, respiratory diseases, etc. The aim of this study was to identify and exploit the local plant resources with biologically active properties from the Dobrogea area, Romania. For this purpose, materials were collected from the mentioned area, and macerates of black poplar were prepared in order to evaluate their qualities as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Three different black poplar buds’ hydroalcoholic macerates were analyzed by the Folin–Ciocâlteau method to estimate the total content of phenolic compounds, by the HPLC-DAD method for identification and quantification of the main bioactive compounds and by the DPPH radical scavenging method to evaluate the antioxidant activity. All hydroalcoholic macerates showed high concentrations of phenolic compounds, the main individual compounds being gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and methyl gallic acid. The antioxidant activity of the black poplar buds’ hydroalcoholic macerates, evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging test, showed high values, between 496 and 1200 mg GAE /100 g d.w. The Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb concentrations released in dry poplar buds, determined by AAS, were below the detection limits. Hydroalcoholic macerates of black poplar were tested against two groups of gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus and Staphylococcus) using an agar well diffusion assay. The in vitro inhibitory activities of the macerates were important and ranged from 8.2–9.4 mm inhibition zones (Staphylococcus) to 8.6 −10 mm inhibition zones (Enterococcus).
Structural Modification Endows Small-Molecular SN38 Derivatives with Multifaceted Functions
Authors: Dai Yi , Qian Meng , Li Yan
Published: June 2023

As a camptothecin derivative, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) combats cancer by inhibiting topoisomerase I. SN38 is one of the most active compounds among camptothecin derivatives. In addition, SN38 is also a theranostic reagent due to its intrinsic fluorescence. However, the poor water solubility, high systemic toxicity and limited action against drug resistance and metastasis of tumor cells of SN38 indicates that there is great space for the structural modification of SN38. From the perspective of chemical modification, this paper summarizes the progress of SN38 in improving solubility, increasing activity, reducing toxicity and possessing multifunction and analyzes the strategies of structure modification to provide a reference for drug development based on SN38.
Nanotechnology–General Aspects: A Chemical Reduction Approach to the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Authors: Szczyglewska Paulina , Feliczak-Guzik Agnieszka , Nowak Izabela
Published: June 2023

The role of nanotechnology is increasingly important in our society. Through it, scientists are acquiring the ability to understand the structure and properties of materials and manipulate them at the scale of atoms and molecules. Nanomaterials are at the forefront of the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanostructured materials, especially metallic nanoparticles, has attracted tremendous interest over the past decade due to their unique properties, making these materials excellent and indispensable in many areas of human activity. These special properties can be attributed to the small size and large specific surface area of nanoparticles, which are very different from those of bulk materials. Nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes are needed for many applications, so a variety of protocols are required to produce monodisperse nanoparticles with controlled morphology. The purpose of this review is firstly to introduce the reader to the basic aspects related to the field of nanotechnology and, secondly, to discuss metallic nanoparticles in greater detail. This article explains the basic concepts of nanotechnology, introduces methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, and describes their types, properties, and possible applications. Of many methods proposed for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, a chemical reduction is usually preferred because it is easy to perform, cost-effective, efficient, and also allows control of the structural parameters through optimization of the synthesis conditions. Therefore, a chemical reduction method is discussed in more detail—each factor needed for the synthesis of nanoparticles by chemical reduction is described in detail, i.e., metal precursors, solvents, reducing agents, and stabilizers. The methods that are used to characterize nanomaterials are described. Finally, based on the available literature collection, it is shown how changing the synthesis parameters/methods affects the final characteristics of nanoparticles.
Association of the DNA Methylation of Obesity-Related Genes with the Dietary Nutrient Intake in Children
Authors: Patel Priyadarshni , Selvaraju Vaithinathan , Babu Jeganathan Ramesh , Geetha Thangiah
Published: June 2023

The occurrence of obesity stems from both genetic and external influences. Despite thorough research and attempts to address it through various means such as dietary changes, physical activity, education, and medications, a lasting solution to this widespread problem remains elusive. Nutrients play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression. One of the mechanisms by which nutrients can affect gene expression is through DNA methylation. This modification can alter the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins, thereby influencing gene expression. Nutrients such as folate and vitamin B12 are involved in the one-carbon metabolism pathway, which provides the methyl groups necessary for DNA methylation. Studies have shown that the inadequate intake of these nutrients can lead to alterations in DNA methylation patterns. For this study, we aim to understand the differences in the association of the dietary intake between normal weight and overweight/obese children and between European American and African American children with the DNA methylation of the three genes NRF1, FTO, and LEPR. The research discovered a significant association between the nutritional intake of 6–10-years-old children, particularly the methyl donors present in their diet, and the methylation of the NRF1, FTO, and LEPR genes. Additionally, the study emphasizes the significance of considering health inequalities, particularly family income and maternal education, when investigating the epigenetic impact of methyl donors in diet and gene methylation.
Evaluation of Four Adjuvant Combinations, IVAX-1, IVAX-2, CpG-1826+Montanide ISA 720 VG and CpG-1018+Montanide ISA 720 VG, for Safety and for Their Ability to Elicit Protective Immune Responses in Mice against a Respiratory Challenge with Chlamydia muridarum
Authors: Pal Sukumar , Slepenkin Anatoli , Felgner Jiin , Huw Davies D. , Felgner Philip , de la Maza Luis M.
Published: June 2023

There is an urgent need to produce a vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Here, using the Chlamydia muridarum major outer membrane protein (MOMP) as an antigen, four adjuvant combinations IVAX-1 (MPLA+CpG-1018+AddaVax), IVAX-2 (MPLA+CpG-1018+AS03), CpG-1826+Montanide ISA 720 VG (CpG-1826+Mont) and CpG-1018+Montanide ISA 720 VG (CpG-1018+Mont), were tested for their local reactogenicity and ability to elicit protection in BALB/c mice against a respiratory challenge with C. muridarum. Immunization with IVAX-1 or IVAX-2 induced no significant local reactogenicity following intramuscular immunization. In contrast, vaccines containing Montanide resulted in the formation of a local granuloma. Based on the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio in serum, the four adjuvant combinations elicited Th1-biased responses. IVAX-1 induced the highest in vitro neutralization titers while CpG-1018+Mont stimulated the lowest. As determined by the levels of IFN-γ produced by T-cells, the most robust cellular immune responses were elicited in mice immunized with CpG-1018+Mont, while the weakest responses were mounted by mice receiving IVAX-1. Following the respiratory challenge, mice immunized with CpG-1018+Mont lost the least amount of body weight and had the lowest number of C. muridarum inclusion-forming units (IFUs) in the lungs, while those receiving IVAX-2 had lost the most weight and had the highest number of IFUs in their lungs. Animals vaccinated with CpG-1826+Mont had the lightest lungs while those immunized using IVAX-2 had the heaviest. To conclude, due to their safety and adjuvanticity, IVAX formulations should be considered for inclusion in human vaccines against Chlamydia.
Interactions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and/or Mycoplasma hyorhinis with Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Using In Vitro Co-Infection Models with Swine Cells
Authors: Pageaut Héloïse , Lacouture Sonia , Lehoux Mélanie , Marois-Créhan Corinne , Segura Mariela , Gottschalk Marcelo
Published: June 2023

Bacterial and/or viral co-infections are very common in swine production and cause severe economic losses. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Streptococcus suis are pathogenic bacteria that may be found simultaneously in the respiratory tracts of pigs. In the present study, the interactions of S. suis with epithelial and phagocytic cells in the presence or absence of a pre-infection with M. hyopneumoniae and/or M. hyorhinis were studied. Results showed relatively limited interactions between these pathogens. A previous infection with one or both mycoplasmas did not influence the adhesion or invasion properties of S. suis in epithelial cells or its resistance to phagocytosis (including intracellular survival) by macrophages and dendritic cells. The most important effect observed during the co-infection was a clear increment in toxicity for the cells. An increase in the relative expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CXCL8 was also observed; however, this was the consequence of an additive effect due to the presence of different pathogens rather than a synergic effect. It may be hypothesized that if one or both mycoplasmas are present along with S. suis in the lower respiratory tract at the same time, then increased damage to epithelial cells and phagocytes, as well as an increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, may eventually enhance the invasive properties of S. suis. However, more studies should be carried out to confirm this hypothesis.
Capnellenes from Capnella imbricata: Deciphering Their Anti-Inflammatory-Associated Chemical Features
Authors: Lai Kuei-Hung , Fan Yu-Chen , Peng Bo-Rong , Wen Zhi-Hong , Chung Hsu-Ming
Published: June 2023

Through our ongoing research on investigating new anti-inflammatory terpenoids derived from soft corals, seven capnellenes sourced from Capnella imbricata were discovered. Among these, three were previously unknown compounds named Δ9(12)-capnellene-6α,8β-diol (1), Δ9(12)-capnellene-6α,8β,10α-triol (2), and Δ9(12)-capnellene-2β,8β,10α-triol (3). The structures of all compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis (IR, MS, 1D-, and 2D-NMR) and a comparison with the existing literature data. The compounds 1 and 2 were found to be the first-ever identified 6-hydroxy capnellenes. In the inflammation inhibitory assessments, compounds 1–7 were tested for their in vitro activities against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Capnellenes 2 and 5 demonstrated significant reductions in iNOS levels (27.73% and 47.61%) at a concentration of 10 μM. Additionally, capnellenes 1, 5, and 7 (at 10 μM) exhibited statistically significant inhibitions (ranging from 7.64% to 12.57%) against COX-2 protein expressions. Our findings indicated that the oxygen-bearing functionalities at C-8 and C-10 play critical roles in inhibiting iNOS protein induction, which can promote inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, a principal component analysis tool, the chemical global positioning system for natural products (ChemGPS-NP), was applied to confirm these capnellane-based sesquiterpenes as promising candidates for future anti-inflammatory agents targeting iNOS-related targets.
Fermented Sprouts of Codonopsis lanceolata Suppress LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and CD1 Mice
Authors: Choi Seung-Hyuk , Kim So-Yeon , Kim Kyeong-Min , Mony Tamanna Jahan , Bae Ho Jung , Kim Min Seok , Lee Chan Ho , Choi Sun-Eun , Lee Sang Ho , Park Se Jin
Published: June 2023

The interest in bioconversion through fermentation of sprouts produced in smart farms is increasing due to their potential health benefits. Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) is reported to alleviate inflammatory conditions, but much research is still needed to determine which types and parts of CL are most effective. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a fermented extract of CL sprouts’ aerial part (F-CSA) against LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and mice. In the screening test, F-CSA showed the most substantial anti-inflammatory effect among several samples, containing the highest total flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols. UPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS and HPLC analysis revealed that F-CSA had the highest amount of luteolin among all the CL samples analyzed. F-CSA reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as NO and PGE2 by inhibiting the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Further, we found that the anti-inflammatory effects of F-CSA were mediated by inhibiting the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, F-CSA improved survival rates and reduced plasma levels of NO and IL-6 in CD1 mice stimulated with LPS. These findings suggest that F-CSA, which contains luteolin, can alleviate inflammation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and a CD1 mouse model by inhibiting the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Changes in Soil Properties, Microbial Quantity and Enzyme Activities in Four Castanopsis hystrix Forest Types in Subtropical China
Authors: Wang Renjie , Ma Jianwei , Liang Huizi , Zhang Yubao , Yang Jisheng , Chen Fengfan , Wang Yong , Yan Wende
Published: June 2023

It is well established that forest type can have a profound impact on soil physicochemical properties but the associated changes in soil microbial communities and the mechanisms by which soil quality is improved by various plantations are not fully understood. In this study, soil physicochemical properties and microbial and enzyme activities were investigated in four forest types–Castanopsis hystrix pure forests (CHPF), C. hystrix–Pinus elliottii mixed forests (CHPEF), C. hystrix–Michelia macclurei mixed forests (CHMMF), and C. hystrix–Mytilaria laosensis mixed forests (CHMLF) in the subtropical region of China. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of afforestation types on characteristics of soil–its physical, chemical, and biological properties. The results showed that the contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were significantly improved in both CHMMF and CHMLF mixed forest stands when compared to the CHPF pure stand. Soil enzyme activities were enhanced in the mixed forests. In particular, high phosphatase activity was observed in CHMLF stands, leading to the transformation of soil phosphorus to available phosphorus in this forest type. Our study demonstrated that the broad–leaved mixed forests, but not coniferous mixed forests, could significantly improve soil quality in the study region. Our research provides a scientific insight into the promotion of vegetation restoration and plantation forest management in plantation regions of subtropical areas.
Bacillus cabrialesii: Five Years of Research on a Novel Species of Biological Control and Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria
Authors: Figueroa-Brambila Karem Ma. , Escalante-Beltrán Alina , Montoya-Martínez Amelia Cristina , Díaz-Rodríguez Alondra María , López-Montoya Naomi Dayanna , Parra-Cota Fannie Isela , de los Santos-Villalobos Sergio
Published: June 2023

Bacillus cabrialesii is a novel bacterial species isolated from wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) plants in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico, by our research team. Over years of research studying this strain at the cutting-edge level, it has shown different mechanisms of action. B. cabrialesii is strongly reported as a plant-growth-promoting bacterium and a biological control agent on wheat crops. Knowing this, B. cabrialesii has been brought from lab to field as part of a bacterial consortium, not to mention that there are ongoing investigations into formulating a cost-effective bioinoculant to increase the yield and/or quality of wheat. Moreover, studies of this novel species as a biocontrol agent in other crops (pepper, tomato, cucumber, and potato) are being carried out, with preliminary results that make B. cabrialesii a promising biological control agent, inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens. However, research into this bacterium has not only been reported in our country; there are many studies around the world in which promising native Bacillus strains end up being identified as B. cabrialesii, which reaffirms the fact that this bacterial species can promote plant growth and combat phytopathogens, showing great agrobiotechnological potential.
Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Active Fabrics through Immobilization of Functionalized Doped Titania Nanoparticles
Authors: Arfa Ume , Alshareef Mubark , Nadeem Nimra , Javid Amjed , Nawab Yasir , Alshammari Khaled F. , Zubair Usman
Published: June 2023

Frequent washing of textiles poses a serious hazard to the ecosystem, owing to the discharge of harmful effluents and the release of microfibers. On one side, the harmful effluents from detergents are endangering marine biota, while on the other end, microplastics are observed even in breastfeeding milk. This work proposes the development of sunlight-driven cleaning and antibacterial comfort fabrics by immobilizing functionalized Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The research was implemented to limit the use of various detergents and chemicals for stain removal. A facile sol–gel method has opted for the fabrication of pristine and Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles at three different mole percentages of Zn. The nanoparticles were successfully functionalized and immobilized on cotton fabric using silane coupling agents via pad–dry–cure treatment. As-obtained fabrics were characterized by their surface morphologies, availability of chemical functionalities, and crystallinity. The sunlight-assisted degradation potential of as-functionalized fabrics was evaluated against selected pollutants (eight commercial dyes). The 95–98% degradation of dyes from the functionalized fabric surface was achieved within 3 h of sunlight exposure, estimated by color strength analysis with an equivalent exposition of bactericidal activities. The treated fabrics also preserved their comfort and mechanical properties. The radical trapping experiment was performed to confirm the key radicals responsible for dye degradation, and h+ ions were found to be the most influencing species. The reaction pathway followed the first order kinetic model with rate constant values of 0.0087 min−1 and 0.0131 min−1 for MB and MO dyes, respectively.
RF-SOI Low-Noise Amplifier Using RC Feedback and Series Inductive-Peaking Techniques for 5G New Radio Application
Authors: Kim Min-Su , Yoo Sang-Sun
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a low-noise amplifier (LNA) with an integrated input and output matching network designed using RF-SOI technology. This LNA was designed with a resistive feedback topology and an inductive peaking technology to provide 600 MHz of bandwidth in the N79 band (4.4 GHz to 5.0 GHz). Generally, the resistive feedback structure used in broadband applications allows the input and output impedance to be made to satisfy the broadband conditions through low-impedance feedback. However, feedback impedance for excessive broadband characteristics can degrade the noise performance as a consequence. To achieve a better noise performance for a bandwidth of 600 MHz, the paper provided an optimized noise performance by selecting the feedback resistor value optimized for the N79 band. Additionally, an inductive peaking technique was applied to the designed low-noise amplifier to achieve a better optimized output matching network. The designed low-noise amplifier simulated a gain of 20.68 dB and 19.94 dB from 4.4 to 5.0 GHz, with noise figures of 1.57 dB and 1.73 dB, respectively. The input and output matching networks were also integrated, and the power consumption was designed to be 9.95 mA at a supply voltage of 1.2 V.
Driver Injury from Vehicle Side Impacts When Automatic Emergency Braking and Active Seat Belts Are Used
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Daowen , Liu Qi , Zhang Tianshu
Published: June 2023

As an advanced driver assistance system, automatic emergency braking (AEB) can effectively reduce accidents by using high-precision and high-coverage sensors. In particular, it has a significant advantage in reducing front-end collisions and rear-end accidents. Unfortunately, avoiding side collisions is a challenging problem for AEB. To tackle these challenges, we propose active seat belt pretensioning on driver injury in vehicles equipped with AEB in unavoidable side crashes. Firstly, records of impact cases from China’s National Automobile Accident In-Depth Investigation System were used to investigate a scenario in which a vehicle is impacted by an oncoming car after the vehicle’s AEB system is triggered. The scenario was created using PreScan software. Then, the simulated vehicles in the side impact were devised using a finite element model of the Toyota Yaris and a moving barrier. These were constructed in HyperMesh software along with models of the driver’s side seatbelt, side airbag, and side curtain airbag. Moreover, the models were verified, and driver out-of-position instances and injuries were evaluated in simulations with different AEB intensities up to 0.7 g for three typical side impact angles. Last but not least, the optimal combination of seatbelt pretensioning and the timing thereof for minimizing driver injury at each side impact angle was identified using orthogonal tests; immediate (at 0 ms) pretensioning at 80 N was applied. Our experiments show that our active seatbelt with the above parameters reduced the weighted injury criterion by 5.94%, 22.05%, and 20.37% at impact angles of 90°, 105°, and 120°, respectively, compared to that of a conventional seatbelt. The results of the experiment can be used as a reference to appropriately set the collision parameters of active seat belts for vehicles with AEB.
Habitual Physical Activity of People with or at Risk of Diabetes-Related Foot Complications
Authors: Perrin Byron M. , Diacogiorgis Dimitri , Sullivan Courtney , Gerrard James , Skinner Isabelle , Skinner Timothy C. , Nawaratne Rashmika , Alahakoon Damminda , Kingsley Michael I. C.
Published: June 2023

Regular physical activity is an important component of diabetes management. However, there are limited data on the habitual physical activity of people with or at risk of diabetes-related foot complications. The aim of this study was to describe the habitual physical activity of people with or at risk of diabetes-related foot complications in regional Australia. Twenty-three participants with diabetes from regional Australia were recruited with twenty-two participants included in subsequent analyses: no history of ulcer (N = 11) and history of ulcer (N = 11). Each participant wore a triaxial accelerometer (GT3X+; ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA) on their non-dominant wrist for 14 days. There were no significant differences between groups according to both participant characteristics and physical activity outcomes. Median minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 9.7 (IQR: 1.6–15.7) while participants recorded an average of 280 ± 78 min of low-intensity physical activity and 689 ± 114 min of sedentary behaviour. The sample accumulated on average 30 min of slow walking and 2 min of fast walking per day, respectively. Overall, participants spent very little time performing MVPA and were largely sedentary. It is important that strategies are put in place for people with or at risk of diabetes-related foot complications in order that they increase their physical activity significantly in accordance with established guidelines.
Voltage Control Strategy for Low-Voltage Distribution Network with Distributed Energy Storage Participating in Regulation under Low-Carbon Background
Authors: Zhu Lin , Meng Xiaofang , Wang Lidi , Zhang Nannan , Wang Hui
Published: June 2023

With the gradual advancement towards the goal of carbon neutrality, photovoltaic power generation, as a relatively mature zero-carbon power technology, will be connected to the grid in an increasing proportion. A voltage control strategy, involving distributed energy storage, is proposed in order to solve the voltage deviation problem caused by the high proportion of PV connected to the low voltage distribution network (LVDN). A voltage calculation method of the LVDN node with a high proportion of PV is proposed. According to the voltage distribution of the LVDN nodes running throughout the day, fuzzy cluster analysis was used to partition the nodes in the LVDN. A two-objective mathematical model for optimizing distributed energy storage in a partition was constructed, and a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the model. A voltage control strategy based on sensitivity analysis is proposed, and a mathematical model is established to analyze the relationship between the node current increment and the node off-limit voltage. The mathematical relationship among the node off-limit voltage, node off-limit power and energy storage exchange power is derived, and the voltage deviation of the distribution network can be suppressed by adjusting the injected power of the distributed energy storage. Through case analysis, it is verified that the proposed voltage control strategy can reduce the voltage deviation of the distribution network nodes, effectively solve the problem of the distribution network voltage deviation, and reduce the active power loss.
Biodiversity and Potential Activity of Microorganisms in Underground Gas Storage Horizons
Authors: Nazina Tamara N. , Abukova Leyla A. , Tourova Tatiana P. , Babich Tamara L. , Bidzhieva Salimat K. , Loiko Nataliya G. , Filippova Dina S. , Safarova Elisaveta A.
Published: June 2023

The share of molecular hydrogen as a source of “green energy” is currently significantly increasing. It is proposed to use existing underground natural gas storage facilities to store large volumes of hydrogen. In Russia, depleted oil and gas fields (DOGFs) and deep aquifers are used for natural gas storage. The purpose of this work was to determine microbial diversity in DOGF and deep aquifers by cultural and 16S rRNA gene-based approaches and the effect of H2 on the growth of microorganisms from the underground gas storage (UGS) horizons. The composition of the microbial community inhabiting the formation water of the Peschano–Umetskoe depleted oil and gas reservoir was typical for microbial communities of oil reservoirs and included bacteria of the phyla Bacillota (Dethiosulfatibacter, Defluviitalea, Acetobacterium, Syntrophobotulus), Actinobacteriota (Dietzia, Rhodococcus), Spirochaetota (Sphaerochaeta), Pseudomonadota (Shewanella), and Bacteroidota (Petrimonas), together with methanogenic archaea of the phylum Euryarchaeota (Methanobacterium). In some formation water samples, the share of methanogens of the genus Methanobacterium reached 61.6% of the total community; these hydrogen-utilizing organisms may contribute to the formation of methane in the reservoirs used for the storage of molecular hydrogen. Microbial communities of UGSs located in aquifers were less diverse and abundant. Cultivable hydrogenotrophic sulfate-reducing, homoacetogenic, and methanogenic prokaryotes were retrieved from the studied aquifers and from the DOGF used for gas storage. Microorganisms present in the condensation and reservoir waters of the UGS facilities can influence the composition of the water and gas phase, and affect the host rocks and borehole equipment.
Analysis of the Buried Pipeline Response Induced by Twin Tunneling Using the Generalized Hermite Spectral Method
Authors: Huang Minghua , Zhou Zhenglin , Hu Zhenggang , Wang Keping , Zhou Suhua
Published: June 2023

For the sustainability of economic, ecological and social development, the safety of infrastructure, including buried pipelines, is extremely important. Undercrossing tunneling can compromise the safety of buried pipelines because of deformations, cracks and dislocations, which can result in wasted resources, environmental pollution and economic losses. Therefore, it is important to assess the pipeline response accurately during tunnel excavation. This paper proposes a generalized Hermite spectral solution to estimate the pipeline response induced by twin tunneling. The proposed solution is formulated by a truncated series of Hermite functions and it is available in an unbounded domain. On the basis of the two-stage analysis method, a general formula for calculating the soil greenfield displacement induced by twin tunneling is first derived using the superposition principle. To obtain the final solution, the soil greenfield displacement and pipeline displacement are expanded using two truncated series of Hermite functions, and the governing differential equation of pipeline displacement is subsequently simplified into a linear algebraic system. After solving this system, a general solution for calculating pipeline displacement is formulated. Then, the convergence of the developed solution is proven, and its validity is verified against existing theoretical solutions and centrifuge test results. The effects of the truncated series number and its scaling factor are investigated. Finally, parametric studies are conducted to discuss pipeline responses induced by twin tunneling.
Effect of High Temperature on the Expansion and Durability of SSRSC
Authors: Lin Keng-Ta , Wang Her-Yung , Hsieh Yi-Ta , Kao Tien-Chun
Published: June 2023

This study explores the potential of using stainless steel slag, an industrial by-product of the stainless steel refining process, as a substitute for cement in concrete to promote material reuse and ecological sustainability. The research involves preparing concrete a cylindrical specimen with varying levels of substitution, ranging from 0 to 20%, and curing them for different ages (1, 3, 7, 28, and 56 days) to evaluate the engineering durability of the resulting stainless steel reducing slag concrete (SSRSC). The study found that the compressive strength of the SSRSC at 28 days was 27.44 MPa, with a splitting strength ranging from 12.81 MPa to 15.34 MPa. As the substitution amount increased, the strength decreased, but there was a positive correlation between the compressive and splitting strength. The ultrasonic wave velocity growth also increased with each substitution amount, showing that the compactness and growth of the samples improved. The surface resistance of all the samples was lower than 20 kΩ-cm, indicating that the porosity and change in porosity caused by substitution were minimal. Regarding durability, the study found that high-temperature fire damage at 200 °C catalyzed the quality, compressive strength, and resistance, but the ultrasonic wave velocity decreased. After fire damage at 600 °C and 800 °C, the compressive strength of the samples decreased by 48–57% and 76–85%, respectively, indicating that higher temperatures have a greater effect on concrete and resistance to early aging. In terms of sulfate corrosion resistance, a higher substitution amount reduced the likelihood of spalling during the early stages of the cycle, and the cumulative weight after the fifth cycle was higher than that of the control group. The autoclave expansion test revealed that the later curing age of the sample, the greater the expansion and the amount of substitution. The porosity of the samples also increased with higher temperatures and substitution amounts.
Social Media Analysis to Enhance Sustainable Knowledge Management: A Concise Literature Review
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmad M. , Pileggi Salvatore Flavio , Sohaib Osama
Published: June 2023

Although knowledge management relying on data from social networks has become an integral part of common practices, there needs to be a well-defined body of knowledge that explicitly addresses the process and the value generated. Sustainable knowledge management practices, which promote responsible and ethical knowledge sharing between different stakeholders, can also be facilitated through social media. This can foster a culture of continuous learning and innovation while considering the social implications of knowledge sharing. The main goal of this study is to critically and holistically discuss the impact of social media analysis in the knowledge management process holistically and maximize its value in a given context. More concretely, we conducted a systematic literature review (2012–2022) based on the PRISMA guidelines. We first approached the ideal phases of the knowledge management process and then discussed key issues and challenges from an application perspective. Overall, the study points out the positive impact of social network analysis on knowledge sharing, creativity and productivity, knowledge formulation, building trust, and cognitive capital. Additionally, value is provided in knowledge acquisition by simplifying and massively gathering information, reducing uncertainty and ambiguity, and organizing knowledge through storage, retrieval, and classification practices. At an application level, such knowledge may improve the quality of services and encourage creativity. Finally, this study analyzed specific domains, such as healthcare, marketing, politics, tourism, and event management, focusing on the potential and added value.