bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneidad ambiental y alteraciones antrópicas en comunidades de manglar en el pacífico sur de México
Authors: Moreno-Martínez Ameyali , Álvarez-Arteaga Gustavo , Orozco-Hernández María Estela
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: La heterogeneidad ambiental de los manglares está consistentemente relacionada con factores biofísicos y antrópicos locales. Debido a que estos ecosistemas están sometidos a distintas presiones naturales o antrópicas, es necesario comprender el efecto de estas prácticas de manejo sobre sus componentes, para guiar acciones conducentes a incrementar su grado de resiliencia ante fenómenos meteorológicos extremos. [Objetivo]: La propuesta de esta investigación consistió en evaluar la condición ambiental de 4 comunidades de manglar a partir del estudio de los componentes suelo y vegetación, mediante un conjunto de propiedades edáficas y dasométricas, en la zona norte de la laguna de Coyuca, México. [Metodología]: La selección de los sitios de estudio y muestreo consideró su representatividad espacial, grado de alteración y proximidad a la línea de costa.  Se caracterizó la estructura y biomasa arbórea y se tomaron muestras de suelo a una profundidad de 30 cm para su análisis en laboratorio. [Resultados]: El inventario forestal mostró la presencia de las especies Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa y Conocarpus erectus, cuya distribución está relacionada, principalmente, con el régimen hídrico del suelo, pH y salinidad. El almacén de carbono aéreo y edáfico fluctuó entre 41.5 y 165 Mg ha-1, siendo consistente con su grado de perturbación. [Conclusiones]: Los principales efectos de las actividades antrópicas fueron la pérdida parcial de la estructura del bosque por tala y quema, compactación de la capa superficial del suelo, lo que deriva en el incremento de la densidad aparente y reducción del carbono almacenado en biomasa y suelo.
Experiencias incipientes de inventarios de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en el ámbito local en Costa Rica
Authors: García Sánchez Daniela , Vega Méndez Jessie , Mora Mora Laura
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: En Costa Rica la principal fuente de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en el ámbito nacional es el sector energía, donde predomina el transporte. Es de esperar que estas emisiones se concentren en las actividades que se desarrollan en los centros urbanos. [Objetivo]: Determinar los principales sectores y fuentes de emisiones GEI en el nivel local e identificar lecciones y oportunidades para promover estrategias hacia un desarrollo descarbonizado. [Metodología]: Se aplicó la metodología del Programa País Carbono Neutralidad 2.0 categoría cantonal (PPCNC) para los sectores transporte, energía, residuos, agricultura y el sector voluntario de industria y uso de productos en 5 cantones (Belén, Desamparados, Golfito, La Unión y San José) y 2 distritos (Monte Verde y Puntarenas). [Resultados]: Las mayores emisiones se reportaron en los cantones urbanos y las menores en los pequeños distritos rurales y costeros. El sector transporte es la principal fuente, excepto en Belén, donde fue superado por el sector de energía para uso industrial. Los datos per cápita, muestran que pequeños distritos pueden presentar niveles de emisión por persona superiores a los de cantones urbanos. [Conclusiones]: En el ámbito local las principales fuentes de emisiones varían dependiendo de las características socioeconómicas y demográficas del cantón o distrito. El inventario brinda información para tomar decisiones en el nivel local, priorizar acciones de mitigación acordes a las metas nacionales de descarbonización y monitorear el impacto de la acción climática, tanto en el nivel local como nacional.
Comércio em fronteira: os circuitos da economia urbana em Guajará-Mirim (Estado de Rondônia, Brasil) e Guayaramerín (Departamento de Beni, Bolívia)
Authors: Oliveira-Neto Thiago , Batista-Nogueira Ricardo José , Silva-Simões-Rafael Carlos Eduardo , Santos-Yano Yuji
Published: January 2021

O comércio na fronteira é constituído pelos fluxos e pelos objetos fixados nas cidades ou ao longo das vias de circulação, o que cria uma dinâmica constituída em diversos níveis de modalidade de comércios, que vão desde a presença de lojas que fazem parte de alguma “rede”, galpões até o comércio informal. Para elucidar o caso particular da fronteira Brasil-Bolívia nas cidades de Guajará-Mirim e Guayaramerín, optamos em utilizar como marco teórico a proposta de Santos (1979; 2004) dos circuitos da economia urbana.
Vulnerabilidad por erosión fluvial: caso del corregimiento de Palo de Agua, Municipio de Lorica, Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia.
Authors: Villadiego-Lorduy Jorge , Tordecílla-Correa Orlando , Sepulveda-Vargas Rubén Darío , Piedra-Castro Lilliana , Gómez-Constante Ana Michelle , Sánchez-Castillo Javier
Published: January 2021

El presente estudio evalúa la vulnerabilidad del centro poblado en el corregimiento de Palo de Agua, asentado a orillas del río Sinú perteneciente al municipio de Santa Cruz de Lorica, Colombia. Se aplica una metodología de enfoque mixto con técnicas de entrevista a actores claves y cálculos cuantitativos para evaluar la vulnerabilidad total, física, ambiental, económica y social, a partir del reconocimiento en campo y del análisis de procesos por erosión fluvial en puntos críticos; sin omitir las amenazas y la estimación del riesgo para el corregimiento en mención. Se infiere que la vulnerabilidad total media es la categoría de mayor predominancia con un 84%.
A sustentabilidade dos megaeventos entre a regulação, a autorregulação e a justiça ambiental
Authors: Lima Dumara Regina , Simões André Felipe , Mercedes Sonia Seger , Jacino Ramatis
Published: January 2021

Basado en los problemas socioambientales de los desechos en las grandes fiestas brasileñas, este documento analiza ISO 20121, un estándar internacional que presenta los requisitos para un sistema de gestión para la sostenibilidad de los eventos creados dentro del alcance de los megaeventos globales. A través del investigación bibliográfica, documental y la observación participante en tres grandes festivales populares en el período de 2016 a 2019, después del evento del ciclo de megaeventos mundiales con sede en Brasil (Juegos Panamericanos 2007/Juegos Olímpicos 2016), el trabajo discute la sostenibilidad de los megaeventos en la interfaz de regulación, autorregulación y justicia ambiental.
Situación de los Sistemas de Información Territorial para la gestión municipal: caso de la GAM, Costa Rica, 2018
Authors: Guillén Montero Douglas , Vargas-Bogantes Jacqueline , Núñez-Román Oscar Antonio , Vega-Ramírez Luis Mauricio
Published: January 2021

Cuando se habla de un Sistema de Información Geográfica -SIG- Municipal es básicamente el mismo principio de un SIG Corporativo, es decir, un sistema que se ha diseñado para cumplir múltiples objetivos de diversos departamentos de una misma organización. Para que un SIG Municipal sea exitoso es importante, que la organización planifique los alcances que tendrá con la implementación de dicha herramienta y los resultados esperados, a partir de objetivos reales.  Este artículo muestra la situación en la que se encuentran los 31 municipios de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica, en cuanto al desarrollo de los Sistemas de Información Territorial -SIT- para la gestión de los diferentes procesos municipales y de qué manera, se ha logrado o no vincular la información no solamente geográfica sino de diversa índole de interés institucional dentro del SIG Municipal, de acuerdo con el sondeo realizado entre los meses de mayo a octubre del 2018.  Para este estudio, se considera la delimitación geográfica establecida por el Plan GAM 82, el cual a pesar de que cuenta con propuestas posteriores para su reforma, no han sido oficializadas. Dicho Plan, se mantiene como documento de consulta e incluso figura como instrumento de ordenamiento territorial en aquellos municipios, que no cuentan con plan regulador o cuentan con uno parcialmente aprobado.
La rivalidad entre China y EE. UU. como factor en el desarrollo de las relaciones modernas ruso-estadounidense
Authors: León Ortega Helen Sugelly
Published: January 2021

La historia de las relaciones ruso-estadounidense, especialmente en los últimos dos siglos, muestra la permanente tensión entre los dos países junto con períodos de cooperación y entendimiento mutuo. En ese marco, este artículo indaga si las complicadas relaciones entre Estados Unidos y China en la era Trump son un factor que incide en las relaciones modernas ruso-estadounidense. Para tal propósito se realizó una investigación de carácter documental, el cual concluye que, China incide en el contexto de las relaciones ruso-estadounidenses, aunque no es un obstáculo ni un motor para el diálogo bilateral, sí ejerce una influencia significativa al presionar a Moscú para asumir una postura más activa en la formación de un nuevo orden mundial.
Análisis de la política exterior de Xi Jinping hacia el Sudeste de Asia: Estrategias, intereses y dimensiones
Authors: Rubiolo Florencia , Busilli Virginia Soledad , Escobar Milton
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo analiza la política exterior de Xi Jinping hacia el Sudeste de Asia, focalizando en las dimensiones político-estratégica y económica. Se toma como premisa, coincidiendo con una extensa línea de estudios, que sus acciones y estrategias muestran mayor visibilidad y dinamismo que las ejecutadas por sus antecesores, tanto a nivel regional como global.

A partir de la revisión bibliográfica se identifica que China combina, por un lado, una política exterior asertiva en cuestiones de soberanía territorial, como la defensa de su soberanía marítima en el Mar de China Meridional y; por el otro, la integración económica y comercial basada en la interdependencia y el multilateralismo, a través del fortalecimiento de los lazos regionales en el marco de la ASEAN+3, el Área de Libre Comercio China-ASEAN y la Belt and Road Initiative.

Este artículo se centra en la complementariedad de las acciones e iniciativas de la política exterior china hacia la región, a partir del desarrollo de una estrategia holística de proyección global, basada en la consolidación de un espacio regional de poder y la consecuente construcción de liderazgo.
En el territorio de la incertidumbre: entrevista, poemas y comentarios de autolectura
Authors: Sánchez Santiago Tomás , Monge Mesa Carlos Francisco
Published: January 2021

Interview with the contemporary Spanish poet Tomás Sánchez Santiago, author of a considerable and varied literary work, which includes poetry, narrative, chronicle and essay. The conversation covers a wide range of issues: from the development of a writer to the multiple instances that literary practice faces in contemporary western society. The writer distinguishes between the current social role of literature and the defense of writing, always with an aesthetic will, as a space and awareness of the circumstances of coexistence, regardless of other expectations. Poetry, he maintains, is radicalism, exploration of the senses and commitment to the very essence of the word: unveiling the hidden, disorganizing to achieve another order, another richer and more bearable dimension. Notes and explanatory data from the person who guided the interview are added, as well as a poetic selection and comments by the writer himself.
Perfiles neuro-conductuales en la ingeniería en Costa Rica: Propuesta de modelo teórico y neuro-inductivo de perfiles profesionales
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Juan Diego
Published: January 2021

El artículo analiza los diversos perfiles neuro conductuales en ingenieros de distintas áreas en Costa Rica. El desarrollo investigativo consistió primeramente en detallar los datos de carácter demográfico que permiten estructurar un perfil general de estos profesionales, analizados desde un enfoque de neuro-conducta; posteriormente,  se indagaron en variables de corte asociativo y conductual, que permiten generar aproximaciones de comportamiento de los sujetos de estudio para efectos de determinar los posibles perfiles neuro conductuales. Se toman en cuenta las múltiples ramas y enfoques ingenieriles y se tratan temas como el perfil demográfico y aspecto conductual de los profesionales. La metodología se basa en el análisis de los datos de campo efectuados, el cual se ha realizado con 132 ingenieros en Costa Rica. La muestra fue procesada por una metodología de población infinita, ya que es muy difícil definir de forma precisa una población clara de ingenieros activos. La discusión gira en torno a datos de carácter descriptivo como la edad, género, estado civil, etc., con el fin de estructurar un perfil de los profesionales y, posteriormente, analizarlos mediante variables asociativas y conductuales. Dado lo anterior, es posible establecer perfiles neuro-conductuales mediante procesos como: neuroquímicos, lóbulos cerebrales y sinápticos. Además, mediante una función matemática, es viable obtener resultados que permiten diferenciar perfiles neuro-conductuales de los profesionales. Estos contienen relación como las toma de decisión, personalidad, capacidad analítica y círculo social. Es permisible concluir que los profesionales en Ingeniería poseen elementos sobresalientes como los procesos analíticos de corte post-sinápticos, asociados a la importancia de pensamientos analíticos. De igual manera, las variables como la capacidad analítica y toma de decisiones son especialmente definidoras de los patrones y perfiles de conducta.
Educandos universitarios: entre la brecha digital y el aprendizaje en tiempos de COVID-19. El caso de Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA), Sede Región Chorotega, Campus Liberia
Authors: Chanto Espinoza Carlos , Loáiciga Gutiérrez Jorge
Published: January 2021

La presente investigación examina las prácticas de los estudiantes universitarios para quienes su proceso de formación se ha visto modificado durante tiempos de COVID-19 hacia una presencialidad remota que interactúa con espacios de aprendizajes virtuales. Ante estos retos, se implementó un estudio, cuyo objetivo fue analizar el efecto del acceso a las TIC por parte de los estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Nacional (UNA), Sede Región Chorotega, Campus Liberia, y sus posibles repercusiones en los procesos de enseñanza - aprendizaje. Para lograrlo, se realizó un estudio con un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y explicativo, con una muestra a 221 educandos universitarios. Los resultados revelaron amplias desigualdades en diversos extractos estudiantiles en cuatro componentes: conectividad, recursos tecnológicos, inconvenientes y complicaciones alternas. También se determinó que en la interacción con las TIC coexiste una evidente discrepancia en el acceso a los recursos digitales, llamado brecha digital. Sobresalen también importantes variables que deben ser consideradas para atender la salud mental de estudiantes y docentes. La investigación establece que la alfabetización digital es un desafío social que sigue pendiente. Para ello, se establecen recomendaciones dirigidas a las diferentes instancias de la UNA, sobre todo a la Vicerrectoría de Bienestar Estudiantil y a la Vicerrectoría de Docencia.
Género y generación: una necesaria clarificación conceptual
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: January 2021

El autor hace una revisión de los conceptos de género y generación con el propósito de poner en evidencia la confusión que hay en su uso. Propone tomar como marco de referencia los criterios que se siguen en las ciencias naturales, en especial en la biología evolutiva, para definirlos. Plantea que la noción de cohorte generacional es más útil que la idea de generación a la hora analizar los tejidos generacionales en un momento determinado o a lo largo del tiempo.
Entrevista Dr. Giovanni Beluche. Educación y Sociedad Costarricense en el Contexto de la Pandemia
Authors: Beluche Velásquez Giovanni
Published: January 2021

En esta entrevista el Dr. Giovanni Beluche ofrece un análisis de los impactos de la pandemia provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 en el campo de la educación. La entrevista toca los temas de la tecnología y los tecnócratas, el rol de las élites económicas y políticas, y las tareas del educador para luchar por una educación emancipatoria.
La Roma española de Miguel de Erce Ximénez
Authors: Serrano-Estrella Felipe
Published: January 2021

Miguel de Erce nos ofrece en su Prueva evidente de la predicación del Apóstol Santiago el Mayor en los reinos de España (Madrid: Alonso de Paredes, 1648) una interesante visión de la Roma española de la primera mitad del siglo XVII. Su estancia en la Urbe le permitió conocer esta compleja realidad, de ahí que los relatos legendarios emanados de diversos cronicones compartan lugar con interesantes noticias bien documentadas y casi olvidadas por la historiografía posterior. En un momento en el que se quería reforzar la identidad española en el corazón de la Cristiandad, el canónigo compostelano describe desde los lugares dedicados al apóstol Santiago, patrón de España, hasta las instituciones fundadas por españoles desde la Antigüedad hasta sus días, pasando por las intervenciones de los cardenales españoles en las iglesias de las que eran titulares. En el presente trabajo profundizamos en esta realidad, dejando de lado el estudio de las iglesias de San Giacomo degli Spanoli y Santa Maria di Monserrato, así como las casas de las órdenes mendicantes españolas, objeto de diferentes trabajos, y prestamos más atención al resto de instituciones que fomentaron esta identidad española en la Roma moderna.
"Eco y Narciso" y "La dama y galán Aquiles" (o El monstruo de los jardines): díptico de 1661 en el palacio del Buen Retiro. Algunos paralelos
Authors: Alvarado Teodorika Tatiana
Published: January 2021

En julio de 1661 se representaron dos comedias mitológicas en el palacio del Buen Retiro: Eco y Narciso y La dama y galán Aquiles (o El monstruo de los jardines). Se plantea aquí una lectura paralela de ambas obras, en la que se toma en cuenta las fuentes clásicas variadas, la presencia de lo bucólico, el papel de los sentidos, en qué medida coinciden los protagonistas mitológicos y cómo se diferencian, de la misma manera en la que se diferencian las madres en su papel de guías y protectoras.
«Con pobreza pretendí»: la caballería tronada y la figura del pretendiente en la corte, según Cervantes Guillén de Castro y Cristóbal Suárez de Figueroa
Authors: Brioso Santos Héctor
Published: January 2021

La tensión entre la inercia social estamental y la nueva movilidad propia de la economía dineraria es palmaria en la literatura del Siglo de Oro español. La hidalguía estaba en entredicho, devaluada y empobrecida. En ese contexto, Guillén de Castro presenta, en El pretender con pobreza, el conflicto, un tanto autobiográfico, del exsoldado linajudo y honrado que espera ser valorado, al estilo tradicional, por sus merecimientos, y no por su pobre apariencia y escaso peculio, como sucederá en la era del boato y la cortesanía. En realidad, la solución de esa pieza será harto inmovilista y conservadora, puesto que el hidalgo protagonista logrará restaurar su crédito social y recibirá la debida recompensa de los poderosos. Según Castro, la alta nobleza debería rescatar por solidaridad estamental a los caballeros dignos y valerosos, y la corona tendría que redimir a esa caballería depauperada de su triste destino. Cristóbal Suárez de Figueroa, mucho más pesimista, ni siquiera toma en consideración ese camino en El pasajero, sino que expresa una dura crítica a la nobleza y al poder mal ejercido. El primer autor se interesa por la vertiente social y el segundo más por la política.
"Pico y Canente", de Luis de Ulloa y Rodrigo Dávila, un mito menor para una fiesta real
Authors: Gavela García Delia , Martínez Berbel Juan Antonio
Published: January 2021

En el presente trabajo exploramos la comedia Pico y Canente, una obra mitológica poco conocida, que fue escrita en colaboración por Rodrigo Dávila Ponce de León y Luis de Ulloa y Pereira para la fiesta celebrada en el Palacio del Buen Retiro en 1656 en honor de la reina Mariana de Austria. El texto se conserva en un impreso que incluye además la loa, los entremeses y el “sarao” final escritos por Antonio de Solís. Analizamos el contexto de creación de esta obra de encargo y rastreamos las fuentes literarias que han podido utilizar los autores para recrear este mito, con el fin de mostrar cómo estas circunstancias determinan la características genéricas, dramatúrgicas y escénicas de la obra.
¿Qué "autores" de comedias trabajaron en el Coliseo del Buen Retiro en su época de esplendor (1650-1660)?
Authors: Sáez Raposo Francisco
Published: January 2021

El Coliseo del Buen Retiro, el espacio teatral cortesano más importante de la España aurisecular, vivió su momento de máximo esplendor durante de la década de 1650, tras el enlace matrimonial entre Felipe IV y Mariana de Austria. En esa época, se llevaron a cabo allí los montajes más espectaculares de la mano de dramaturgos como Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Antonio de Solís y escenógrafos como Baccio del Bianco y Antonio María Antonozzi. Aunque disponemos de muchísima información relativa a los actores y actrices que actuaron en aquellas representaciones, no se ha prestado atención a los autores de comedias, esto es, a los directores de compañía de cómicos que estuvieron a cargo, junto con los dramaturgos y los escenógrafos, de la realización de aquellos fastuosos espectáculos. En el presente trabajo se intentará elaborar el registro más preciso de aquellos profesionales a los que se encomendó esa responsabilidad y que, precisamente por las exigencias propias de esos montajes, se convertirían en los más destacados de aquellos años.
Between Philosophy and Self-Reflection
Authors: Daujotytė-Pakerienė Viktorija
Published: January 2021

The article aims at highlighting the uniqueness of thinking and academic activity of Donatas Sauka, who for many years was a professor at the Department of Lithuanian Literature of Vilnius University. The article reveals his scholarly ambitions – broad interests, good knowledge of classic Western literature, and an attempt to keep the achievements of natural sciences on the horizon of humanities. However, he harboured artistic and poetic inclinations in his nature; he has translated a number of classical texts required for his research. The philological interests of the professor were permeated by self-reflection. Comparative literature science was his field of research – even though his other interests also competed for his attention, he analysed methodological issues, different scopes of national literatures and paradoxes of literary analysis. He also raised an essential question for comparison – from what and how are clusters of literary identity formed; how they are related to the mental history and language of a nation; how creative incentives are formed and how they operate.
Donatas Sauka’s Project of Comparative Literature: “Programme Maximum“
Authors: Speičytė Brigita
Published: January 2021

The article discusses Donatas Sauka’s study An Epilogue of Faust’s Age (1998) in order to assess the reference to “comparative literature science” expressed in the introduction to the study. The psychological and subjective motivation of comparative research arising from the context of the genesis of the work is interpreted: an aim to overcome the cultural isolation of Soviet-era humanitarian and to go beyond the methodologically narrow and largely directive Soviet-era comparative studies.It is argued that An Epilogue of Faust’s Age is a synthetic study in the field of comparative studies and world literature research, the conceptual unity of which is ensured by the attention to the category of the author in modern European literature and the state of modern consciousness revealed therein. Thus, D. Sauka in his study turns from literary comparative studies to the field of cultural studies and the history of ideas by forming a certain classical person of universal culture in the Lithuanian cultural and academic environment.
Important Research of the Dialogue Between Christianity and Contemporary Lithuanian Literature
Authors: Mikelaitis Gediminas
Published: January 2021

Dalia Čiočytė, Asta Gustaitienė, Dalia Jakaitė, Marijus Šidlauskas, Krikščionybė ir šiuolaikinė lietuvių literatūra / Kolektyvinė monografija / Sudarė Dalia Čiočytė, Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2018, ISBN 978-609-07-0070-9 (spausdinta knyga), ISBN 978-609-07-0069-3 (skaitmeninis PDF), 592 p. Monografija parengta ir išleista kaip Lietuvos mokslo tarybos projektas, sutarties Nr. LIP-16363.
Field test of high hardness o-rings made from Viton extreme with advanced polymer architecture in pipeline valves containing very sour gas
Authors: Heidarian Javad
Published: January 2021

High hardness Flouroelastomers (copolymer of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro methyl vinyl with Advanced Polymer Architecture) compound was used to make thick and large size O-rings and field tested in pipeline valves containing very sour gas. The sour gas contains 23% H2S, 11% CO2, CH4, low molecular weight hydrocarbons, amine corrosion inhibitors, methanol and water at 32°C and 1200 psi. The results show that after the field test these O-rings were in good conditions and were completely resistance to sour gas and no cracks, bubble, blister, swelling, hardening and softening in the O-rings were observed and they were resistant against the H2S, methanol, amine corrosion inhibitors and steam. High pressure of the system did not produce any defects due to explosive decompression phenomenon or did not cause extrusion in these O-rings. A lower hardness compound also were used to prepare small size and thin O-rings, after O-rings test in very sour gas pipelines valves they were in good conditions. However when thick and large size O-rings were prepared with this compound and tested in the above mentioned field test there were cracks and blisters on the surface of O-rings. Therefore only higher hardness compound can be used to make thick and large size O-rings and its mechanical properties and chemical resistance are proper for this application.
Vibrational effect on internal heated porous medium in the presence of chaos
Authors: Kiran Palle
Published: January 2021

The present article investigates a chaotic convection under modulation in the presence of internal heat generation. The viscoelastic fluid saturating porous medium, heated from below is considered; a modified Darcy’s momentum equation and heat generation term used in energy equation. An autonomous system of fourth order differential equations have been deduced by using truncated Galerkin expansions. The asymptotic behavior can be stationary, periodic, or chaotic, depending upon the values of system parameters. It is found that a better combination of values of modulation parameters and scaled Rayleigh, internal Rayleigh numbers provides a way for chaos. Both a temperature and gravity modulation of the medium is to enhance or diminish the behavior of chaotic nature of the system. Due to high internal heat generation there is a chance to devolve a new kind of stable or unstable points in the system. Finally, heat transfer results are presented in terms of Nusselt number.
Optimization of an automated smoke control system in an industrial atrium
Authors: Mohamad Sharaf Iman , El-Sawah Ghada
Published: January 2021

Pool fires are the most common hazard in many industrial applications. Therefore, automated fire control systems and occupational safety design codes and procedures are of major importance in industrial building systems design. Smoke is the main factor that causes deaths and casualties in fires. Thus, fire safety engineering (FSE) considers smoke management system as one of the most important factors. In this study, smoke generation during pool fire is numerically simulated to optimize the smoke management system. The smoke and temperature distributions inside a mechanically ventilated atrium are simulated using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) transient model after initiating a diesel pool fire in the worst case scenario. Four numerical models are simulated and their results are compared to choose the model that optimizes smoke control. The models enable better approximations of the underlying physical phenomena in smoke transport for a single phase gas mixture. A velocity field approach is predicted using a turbulent standard k-ε model to study the domain with smoke plume. The ability to demonstrate and predict the flow field inside the atrium while the roof exhaust fans are operating is also investigated. The study aids in smoke management systems' design and helps to better understand of smoke plume behavior inside large spaces.
Effect of oxygenated fuels on emissions characteristics: a comparative study between compression ignition and spark ignition engines
Authors: Siwale Lennox
Published: January 2021

It is agreed by scientists world-wide that continued burning of petroleum oils without intervention is a great threat to the environment. In this study a comparison is made of the extent of emissions produced between diesel and gasoline engines using oxygenated blends. In the gasoline engine 20% methanol -80%, gasoline M20 was used. In the diesel engine, 20% n-butanol and 80% diesel B20 was the test fuel. The gasoline engine was a naturally aspirated Suzuki RS-416 1.6L engine type and the diesel type engine was a 1Z type, 1.9L Turbo-Direct injection (TDI). The results obtained were as follows: the NOx emissions increased with an increasing BMEP for Diesel Fuel (DF) but was slightly lower than the blend B20 at 50 and 75 % load; whereas using M20, Nox reduced in reference to gasoline fuel (GF) but was four times higher than that obtained in diesel engine; using B20 diminished the quality of Unburned hydrocarbons (uHc) emissions in diesel engine based on the reference fuel DF. The range of emissions of uHC however was far less in the diesel engine than in the gasoline engine.10-60 ppm and 600 to 700 ppm respectively. The blend M20 reduces uHc more than the GF above 25% brake mean effective pressure (bmep).The formation of Carbon monoxide (CO) was rapid for M20 than GF; emission concentration of CO in B20 increased above DF. Exhaust gases temperature (EGT) was lower for all oxygenated blends, M20 and B20, than neat or pure hydrocarbon (HC) fuels: GF and DF.
Research and simulation of hydrated alumina homogeneous precipitation and its application to obtain a carrier for catalysts in the petrochemical industry
Authors: Kudryavtsev Pavel
Published: January 2021

The results of studies of the process of hydrated alumina homogeneous precipitation were presented in this work. The variants of this process are considered. The most convenient embodiment of this process is the precipitation of hydrated alumina from its salts with the use of auxiliary substances, such as urea. Urea hydrolysis allows a homogeneous precipitation process under the most mild conditions. It is shown that the process of hydrolytic precipitation in the aluminum salt-urea system proceeds according to the dissociative mechanism SN1. This article analyzes the regularities of precipitation of solid colloidal particles of hydrated metal oxides on the surface of various substrates. Two models of this process are proposed. The proposed α-model is a process of continuous nucleation of interaction centers, at random points of a free surface throughout the process. The proposed β-model provides for the instantaneous nucleation of these centers when they are randomly distributed over the entire surface of the substrate. Based on the proposed models, the average values of the following values are calculated: the thickness of the gel film; its roughness and specific surface area. The calculations carried out in the article showed that these parameters are universal functions of the degree of filling of the surface and do not depend on the specific model of the mechanism of the process. Studies have been conducted on the use of homogeneously precipitated aluminum hydroxide as a binder in the preparation of porous materials. The resulting materials have a developed specific surface area and porosity.
Determination of the minimum miscibility pressure using the eclipse 300 simulator and compare it with the laboratory results
Authors: Jaferi Saman , Ashoori Siavash , Alaskari MK Ghassem
Published: January 2021

Gas miscibility injection is one of the most effective ways to increase oil extraction. The Minimum miscibility pressure is an important parameter in the miscibility gas injection processes, which is very important for determining the type of injection gas and the design of injection facilities.1 In the industry, the minimum miscibility pressure is usually measured by slim tube, which is a relatively costly and time-consuming test, and may sometimes be counterproductive due to its specific problems, in spite of the high cost and time consuming costs. In this study, using the eclipse 300 simulator, the minimum miscibility pressure was calculated for 11 oil reservoirs with different injectable gases in the process of gas miscibility injection after simulation and compared with the experimental results of these 11 reservoirs and by calculating error percentage, the applicability of this method has been investigated.
Effect of electric potential on the morphology and chemical composition of hollow fiber membrane surface in alkaline medium
Authors: A Shawky Nourhan , Abdallah SM Aly , H Sorour Mohamed , Awad Abouelata Ahmed M , A Abdel-Fatah Mona
Published: January 2021

The impact of electric potential on the dimensional characteristics and membrane surface morphology was investigated in this work. Our study samples comprise hollow fiber (HF) Polysulfone (PS) membrane. Conductive additives have been incorporated within the membrane matrix at the desired predefined concentration. The DC operated electrochemical apparatus consists of graphite anode and stainless steel cathode. The voltage and current density ranges are 2 to 10volts and 0.01 to 1.4mA/mm2 respectively. These investigations have been conducted in alkaline medium at pH=8.5. The results of this work revealed essential changes of hollow fiber (HF) dimensions, including external (DO), internal (DI) and membrane thickness (t). The maximum decrease of DO, DI, and t were 13%, 15%, and 11% respectively at 5volts. EDX analysis showed the maximum sodium ions of about 0.84% on the membrane surface at 2.5volts after 1-hour treatment.
Making decisions after floods: a consistency check of drivers across multiple flood types
Authors: Balgah Roland Azibo , Fondo Salliana Ateh , Nji Theobald Mue
Published: January 2021

Bourgeoning flood hazards inflict significant negative effects on the welfare of households, particularly in developing countries. Rapid growth in scholarship on impacts and flood coping strategies from developing countries is therefore a justified consequence. However, identifying the determinants of coping decisions across space and time has so far attracted little attention, in spite of their policy implications. Current efforts have been largely limited to Isolated, individual case study floods of little relevance for broad–based policy prescription. This study examines the drivers for coping decisions, using predominantly quantitative data from 106 direct flash and riverine flood victims from six flood-affected communities in Cameroon. The capital portfolios of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework were appropriated to categorize and identify key drivers for coping decisions. Descriptive analysis reveals that almost 70 percent of all flood victims predominantly adopted community–embedded, informal coping strategies, much in line with contemporary trends in the literature. Logistic regression analyses revealed that access to social, human, natural and physical capitals were consistent drivers of coping decisions, irrespective of flood type. Significant relationships were however observed only for flash floods (p=0.05). The results are strongly relevant, as the tested variables explained over 75 percent of the variance in the entire sample. The findings lead us to contend that policy is better informed by analyzing consistencies in drivers for flood coping decisions across space and time, especially if multiple case studies are modeled using similar methodologies. Further research is however necessary to ground this contention.
Homoeopathic drug induced change in liposomal anisotropy and associated change in van’t Hoff enthalpy
Authors: Nandy Papiya , Bera Debbethi , Das Piu , Basu Ruma , Das Sukhen , Chakraborty Monalisa
Published: January 2021

Using liposomal membrane of 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn -glycero-3- phosphatidyl choline, a well accepted model for biological membrane, we have measured the change in membrane anisotropy due to incorporation of three homoeopathic drugs silicea, sulphur and calc carb and the associated values of change in Van’t Hoff enthalpy have been calculated. Our experimental results reveal that these three homoeopathic drugs affect the membrane anisotropy in different ways and this change depends upon the potency of the medicine.
Predictive modeling of floristic components using soil variables in seasonal lacustrine wetlands
Authors: RE Ita , FO Ogbemudia , NS Udo
Published: January 2021

The overlap between vegetation and environmental factors in wetlands has always been a key area in plant ecology. Studying vegetation components in wetland without allusion to the environmental factors governing their distribution is inconclusive. To this end, mathematical models were applied to predict floristic components using soil variables in seasonal lacustrine wetlands. A quadrat size of 5m×5m was used to systematically sample the vegetation for density, frequency, height, basal area and crown cover. In each quadrat, soil samples were obtained at different rooting depths (0 -15cm and 15–30cm). Results obtained showed variations in the floristic composition in the wetlands seasonally. Rural wetland had seventeen (17) plant species during the dry season and fourteen (14) plant species during the wet season while urban wetland had eleven (11) plant species in the dry season and thirteen plant species (13) in the wet season. Variations in density, height, frequency, basal area and crown cover occurred in the wetlands. The physicochemical properties of the soil in these wetlands varied seasonally. A prediction model using stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the vegetation and species responses to the environment on the basis of soil variables and also showed their relationship with each other. It also showed the various predictors (soil properties) of the vegetation components such as density (exchangeable acidity, sand, pH, Na, Zn, Cd, Ca and total nitrogen), height (base saturation, Ni and sand), crown cover (exchangeable acidity, clay and electrical conductivity) and basal area (exchangeable acidity). In summary, it is established that using mathematical models, environmental variables (soils) can serve as good predictors of vegetation components in wetlands by elucidating the soil-vegetation interrelationships.
Rice and wheat water productivity assessment in India
Authors: Upadhyaya Ashutosh
Published: January 2021

Crop water productivity denotes the amount or value of product (i.e. crop or food) over volume or value of water used or depleted or diverted. It is dependent on water used in various production and agro-eco systems, level and scale of study. Assessment of crop water productivity helps in generating knowledge and information about water used by various users and committed losses. Crop water productivity is influenced by many factors and it can be improved if impact of various interventions on crop water productivity is known. In order to study the impact of various interventions on rice and wheat water productivity, it was computed from published data at different locations in the country and interventions showing higher values of water productivity were identified. The information generated from this study is useful in selecting and prioritizing suitable interventions to improve crop water productivity under prevailing constraints of limited availability of land, water and other input resources.
Investigation of latest techniques in carbon sequestration with emphasis on geological sequestration and its effects
Authors: Anmala Jagadeesh , Pankaj Boindala Sriman
Published: January 2021

In the pursuit of development, man has polluted and exploited many resources provided by mother nature. In these pollutions, CO2 pollution has become the most concerning contemporary and sought after problem in the current scenario. Observations indicate that the Carbon concentration levels have exceeded beyond the threshold limits. Among the solutions available currently, Carbon-Capture and Storage (CCS) or Carbon Sequestration (CS) is the best solution considering the cost and efficiency of carbon removal from the atmosphere. In the available Carbon sequestration methods, a geological sequestration is a viable option for long-term sustainable storage of CO2. This article focusses on latest technologies developed with respect to Geological Sequestration and also on the carbon capture techniques, site selection for Geological sequestration, transport as well as uncertainties and difficulties in the modeling of the involved process. The main objective is to stress the need for these techniques and motivate fellow researchers in this essential and emerging field.
Evaluating the natural regeneration of lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. R. Munro) forests after mass flowering and mass death in Homosha District of Benishangul Gumuz Region, North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Mosissa Dereje , Woldegebriel Gebremedihin
Published: January 2021

This study was done to assess the regeneration status of lowland bamboo after gregarious flowering and death in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Homosha District, Jimma and Sherkole Kebeles, North west of Ethiopia. A systematic sampling technique was used to survey lowland bamboo. A total of 20 and 11 sample plots were surveyed in Jima and Sherkole Kebeles respectively and each plots with 10 x 10m size. Field observation, regeneration inventory, FGDs, and questionnaire survey on 80 households were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The seedlings and culms had a significant difference (One way ANOVA p <0.05) in density, size (DBH) and height between the two sites. However, the size difference was statistically insignificant. Height and diameter classes distribution indicated highest number of individuals in the lower classes (<1 & 1-2 year) and this suggests that the age of the forest after mass flowering and death is not more than 4 to 5 years hence regeneration could be sensitive to the anthropogenic disturbances. Sampled HHs harvest bamboo at an age of <1 & ≥3 years and harvesting intensity was observed to be related with culms size rather than age class across different management.
The Effects of habitat fragmentation on the distribution of primates in the kimbi-fungom National Park, North West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Maurice Melle Ekane , Fuashi Nkwatoh Athanasius , Zeh Amos Fang
Published: January 2021

Anthropogenic disturbance is known to affect the diversity and abundance of primates in the world. Many studies on primates in Cameroon have focused on forest ecosystems, with little knowledge on primate species in the degraded woodland and grasslands which inhabit a great number of primates. This study investigates the relationship between primate distribution and habitat parameters in the heavily human occupied landscape of Kimbi Fungom National Park (KFNP). Primate data were obtained through the use of line transects, and interview. A total of twenty 3-kilometre transects were laid in the national park area. In addition, assessment of ecological factors such as forest fragment size, habitat types, and habitat structure (canopy height) was carried out. Data analysis was run using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Ecological variables were analysis by chi-square (χ2), to assess the impact of habitat parameters on primate’s diversity. The study observed 6 primate species in the national park area; chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti), Olive baboons (Papio anubis), Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas), Mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona), Putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) and Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) with low densities. Baboons were the most numerous species while putty-nosed monkey was the most frequently encountered. However, three ecological factors were found to significantly affect the distribution of primates; habitat types (χ2= 3.069, df=1, p= .048), habitat structure (χ2=4.992, df=1 p=0.025) and landscape (χ2=8.225, df=1, p=.004). Detections of patas monkeys and baboons were higher in areas with low forest strata, having mainly grassland and woody savanna ecosystem. This study recommends the need for sustainable agricultural practices, control grazing, selective logging and continuous education of local population on primate conservation.
Unplanned urbanization and canopy losses in Indian Punjab
Authors: Dhami Kirandeep K
Published: January 2021

Urbanization, the increase in concrete areas in cities, has lead to alternation in land use patterns across the globe. This expansion of concrete regions in the cities has mainly impacted the canopy cover in the regions. Those regions of the earth that were once inhabited by the trees have now got turned into the concrete floors of cities. Despite the fact that forested land is critical for a healthy ecosystem, trees are being cut without appropriate concern and consideration. The Indian state of Punjab is undergoing through a heavy load of unplanned urbanization that has lead to serious canopy losses in the state. Had the state been a rich in forested land, it would not have had demanded serious attention. However, Punjab is no longer known to be rich in canopy cover. It is the state with the minimum forest cover in the country that counts to almost 3.5 % of its 50362sq Kms of area or even lesser with continued deforestation in the name of development. The state lost 9lakh trees between 2011 and 2017 while reforestation and afforestation has taken up the back seat during these years. As the tree cutting continues in the state, this percentage is approaching even a smaller value with each passing day. With this small canopy cover and a population of 28 million to support, the state has already started observing some of the disastrous consequences of unplanned urbanization and canopy losses; be it depleting water table, changes in weather patterns, unhealthy air or water scarcity. This article reviews the alarming bells that unsustainable development at the cost of forested land has begun to ring for the imbalance in nature that reduced forest cover has started to generate in the state of Punjab.