bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene-assisted ultra-compact polarization splitter and rotator with an extended bandwidth
Authors: Zhang Tian , Ke Xianmin , Yin Xiang , Chen Lin , Li Xun
Published: September 2017

The high refraction-index contrast between silicon and the surrounding cladding makes silicon-on-insulator devices highly polarization-dependent. However, it is greatly desirable for many applications to address the issue of polarization dependence in silicon photonics. Here, a novel ultra-compact polarization splitter and rotator (PSR), constructed with an asymmetrical directional coupler consisting of a rib silicon waveguide and a graphene-embedded rib silicon waveguide (GERSW), on a silicon-on-insulator platform is proposed and investigated. By taking advantage of the large modulation of the effective refractive index of the TE mode for the GERSW by tuning the chemical potential of graphene, the phase matching condition can be well satisfied over a wide spectral band. The presented result demonstrates that for a 7-layer-graphene-embedded PSR with a coupling length of 11.1 μm, a high TM-to-TE conversion efficiency (>−0.5 dB) can be achieved over a broad bandwidth from 1516 to 1602 nm.
Inherent humic substance promotes microbial denitrification of landfill leachate via shifting bacterial community, improving enzyme activity and up-regulating gene
Authors: Dong Shanshan , Li Mu , Chen Yinguang
Published: September 2017

Microbial denitrification is the main pathway for nitrogen removal of landfill leachate. Although humic substances (HSs) have been reported in landfill leachate, the effects of HS on denitrification process of activated sludge for leachate treatment are still unknown. In this study, we adopted SAHA as the model HS to study the effects of HS on the denitrification of landfill leachate. After long-term operation at 10 mg/L of Shanghai Aladdin Humic Acid (SAHA), the final nitrate concentration and nitrite accumulation were much lower than the control (5.2 versus 96.2 mg/L; 0.5 versus 34.7 mg/L), and the final N2O emission was 13.1% of the control. The mechanistic study unveiled that SAHA substantially changed the activated sludge community structure and resulted in the dominance of Thauera after long-term exposure to SAHA. Thauera could be able to utilize HSs as electron shuttle to improve denitrificattion performance, especially for nitrite reduction. Moreover, SAHA significantly upregulated the gene expressions and catalytic activities of the key enzymes related to denitrification, the reducing power (NADH) generation, and the electron transport system activity, which accelerated nitrogen oxide reduction. The positive effects of HS on denitrification performance were confirmed by the addition of SAHA into real leachate.
Polymerization in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Singha Nikhil K. , Hong Kunlun , Mays Jimmy W.
Published: September 2017

The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as a medium for polymerization is a rapidly growing field. While much of the initial interest in this area was from a Green Chemistry perspective (using non-volatile ILs to replace polluting VOCs), a major impact on polymerization chemistry was quickly noted. Now, nearly all major types of polymerization have been reported in ILs. Advantages of conducting polymerization in ILs include increases in polymerization rate and molecular weight, diminished termination rates, facilitation of block copolymer synthesis, and advantageous bi-phasic polymerization systems allowing facile catalyst recovery and re-use. This chapter provides a review of the relevant literature in this rapidly growing area.
Switchable Polarity Liquids
Authors: Khokarale S. G. , Anugwom I. , Mäki-Arvela P. , Virtanen P. , Mikkola J.-P.
Published: September 2017

In this chapter, the synthesis and characterization, as well as applications, of various types of switchable polarity solvents (SPSs) are summarized in order to unravel their composition and switchable nature. The polarity ‘switch’ between a molecular liquid and ionic species in the case of SPSs is described on the basis of interactions occurring for various types of organic bases or silylamines with acid gases such as CO2 or SO2 and in the absence or presence of alcohols. The chapter consists of two principal parts where the synthesis of SPS systems is described as a result of interaction of one or two molecular components with acid gases. The molecular liquids in two-component SPSs comprise organic superbases such as 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) or 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanindine (TMG or its derivatives) and lower to higher alcohols or water or glycerol. The one-component system involves the use of silylamines for SPS synthesis. The change in the composition and polarity of the reaction mixture during the synthesis, as well as the switchable nature of these SPSs, is demonstrated by gravimetric, spectroscopic and conductivity measurements. In the second part, various applications of SPS systems are described along with how the special characteristics of SPSs can be utilized.
Doping Polymers with Ionic Liquids to Manipulate Their Morphology and Membrane Gas Separation Properties
Authors: Hou Xianda , Liu Junyi , Nguyen Hien , Lin Haiqing
Published: September 2017

Polymeric membranes for gas separation exhibit an intrinsic trade-off between gas permeability and selectivity, i.e., polymers with higher permeability tend to have lower selectivity. To overcome this conundrum, polymers have been doped with ionic liquids (ILs) to enhance their gas permeability and selectivity, since ILs have very low vapor pressure and high CO2 solubility and permeability. The effect of IL doping on polymer morphology (such as glass transition temperature, melting temperature and polymer crystallinity) and gas transport properties is reviewed, and quantitative models are presented. In general, IL doping depresses melting temperature and crystallinity, which improves gas permeability. Such an effect is exemplified in semi-crystalline cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose triacetate (CTA), which have been used to prepare commercial membranes for CO2/CH4 separation. IL doping can decrease the crystallinity in CA and CTA and increase CO2/CH4 solubility selectivity, resulting in enhanced CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation properties. With appropriate ILs, doping provides an effective route to overcome the intrinsic trade-off of permeability and selectivity in polymers to achieve superior separation properties.
High performance capacitive deionization electrodes based on ultrathin nitrogen-doped carbon/graphene nano-sandwiches
Authors: Wang Miao , Xu Xingtao , Tang Jing , Hou Shujin , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Pan Likun , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: September 2017

Here, ultrathin nitrogen-doped carbon/graphene nano-sandwiches were synthesized by carbonization of graphene oxide-based nanosheets, which were fully covered with ultrasmall ZIF-8 nanocrystals.
One-step detection of microRNA with high sensitivity and specificity via target-triggered loop-mediated isothermal amplification (TT-LAMP)
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Tian Hui , Liu Chenghui , Sun Yueying , Li Zhengping
Published: September 2017

A target-triggered loop-mediated isothermal amplification (TT-LAMP) mechanism is developed for simple one-step but highly sensitive detection of microRNAs.
Pd-Catalyzed C–H arylation of pyridazine-based fused 1,2,4-triazoles: overriding selectivity at the usual position by undermining of preferred chelate formation
Authors: Srinivasan Ramasamy , Dey Aniruddha , Nagarajan N. Shanmugam , Kumaran Rajendran Senthil , Gandhi Thirumanavelan , Maiti Debabrata
Published: September 2017

Palladium(ii) catalyzed regioselective mono-arylation in heterocycles containing multiple Lewis basic N-donor sites. Novelty of the protocol lies in overriding formation of chelation assisted palladacycles.
A Mn-doped Ni2P nanosheet array: an efficient and durable hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in alkaline media
Authors: Zhang Ya , Liu Yiwei , Ma Min , Ren Xiang , Liu Zhiang , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping
Published: September 2017

A Mn-doped Ni2P nanosheet array on nickel foam (Mn-Ni2P/NF) acts as a high-efficiency and durable electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in 1.0 M KOH, driving 20 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 103 mV, which is 82 mV less than that for Ni2P/NF.
Crystallisation temperature control of stoichiometry and selectivity in host–guest compounds
Authors: Sykes Nicole M. , Su Hong , Weber Edwin , Bourne Susan A. , Nassimbeni Luigi R.
Published: September 2017

A bulky diol host is only selective for tertiary butanol when versus 2-propanol at low temperatures.
Synthon trends according to acid strength and geometry in salts of N-heterocyclic bases
Authors: Valdo Ana Karoline Silva Mendanha , Sarotti Ariel M. , Martins Felipe T.
Published: September 2017

The hierarchy and robustness of homosynthons and heterosynthons formed by N-heterocyclic bases were assessed experimentally in salts of aminopyrazine (ampyz) andtrans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (BPE) with common strong, moderate and weak acids, and theoretically at the M06-2X/6-31+G** level of theory.
Accurate experimental and theoretical enthalpies of association of TiCl4 with typical Lewis bases used in heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysis
Authors: Credendino R. , Minenkov Y. , Liguori D. , Piemontesi F. , Melchior A. , Morini G. , Tolazzi M. , Cavallo L.
Published: September 2017

The enthalpy of association of Lewis bases with TiCl4 is analyzed using experimental and computational techniques.
Intriguing transport dynamics of ethylammonium nitrate–acetonitrile binary mixtures arising from nano-inhomogeneity
Authors: Mariani Alessandro , Bonomo Matteo , Wu Boning , Centrella Barbara , Dini Danilo , Castner Edward W. , Gontrani Lorenzo
Published: September 2017

Binary mixtures of ethylammonium nitrate and acetonitrile show interesting and unexpected transport properties that originate from structural and dynamical nano-heterogeneity.
On the elusive nature of oxygen binding at coordinatively unsaturated 3d transition metal centers in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Rosnes Mali H. , Sheptyakov Denis , Franz Alexandra , Frontzek Matthias , Dietzel Pascal D. C. , Georgiev Peter A.
Published: September 2017

Low and ambient temperature binding of oxygen, O2, in MOF-74, CPO-27-M (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) framework materials remains in the physisorption regime, with energetics very similar to that of nitrogen, N2, sorption.
The duality of UiO-67-Pt MOFs: connecting treatment conditions and encapsulated Pt species byoperandoXAS
Authors: Braglia L. , Borfecchia E. , Martini A. , Bugaev A. L. , Soldatov A. V. , Øien-Ødegaard S. , Lønstad-Bleken B. T. , Olsbye U. , Lillerud K. P. , Lomachenko K. A. , Agostini G. , Manzoli M. , Lamberti C.
Published: September 2017

XAS study of Pt-functionalized UiO-67 MOFs shows that 2 types of catalytically active sites can be formed in MOF cavities isolated Pt-complexes and Pt nanoparticles.
Unravelling redox processes of Li7MnN4 upon electrochemical Li extraction–insertion using operando XAS
Authors: Muller-Bouvet D. , Emery N. , Tassali N. , Panabière E. , Bach S. , Crosnier O. , Brousse T. , Cénac-Morthe C. , Michalowicz A. , Pereira-Ramos J. P.
Published: September 2017

Evolution upon electrochemical oxidation of the Li7MnN4 Mn K-edge absorption spectra has been described using 3 distinctive local environments.
Solid-state dynamics and single-crystal to single-crystal structural transformations in octakis(3-chloropropyl)octasilsesquioxane and octavinyloctasilsesquioxane
Authors: Kowalewska A. , Nowacka M. , Włodarska M. , Zgardzińska B. , Zaleski R. , Oszajca M. , Krajenta J. , Kaźmierski S.
Published: September 2017

Thermally induced formation of symmetric crystal lattices in functional POSS proceedsviadifferent mechanisms and results in unique reversible phenomena.
Prediction of superconducting ternary hydride MgGeH6: from divergent high-pressure formation routes
Authors: Ma Yanbin , Duan Defang , Shao Ziji , Li Da , Wang Liyuan , Yu Hongyu , Tian Fubo , Xie Hui , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian
Published: September 2017

Invigorated by the high temperature superconductivity in some binary hydrogen-dominated compounds, we systematically explored high-pressure phase diagrams and superconductivity of a ternary Mg–Ge–H system usingab initiomethods.
Optical and magnetic properties of antiaromatic porphyrinoids
Authors: Valiev Rashid R. , Fliegl Heike , Sundholm Dage
Published: September 2017

Magnetic and spectroscopic properties of a number of formally antiaromatic carbaporphyrins, carbathiaporphyrins and isophlorins with 4n π electrons have been investigated at density functional theory and ab initio levels of theory.
Chromophores of chromophores: a bottom-up Hückel picture of the excited states of photoactive proteins
Authors: Anstöter Cate S. , Dean Charlie R. , Verlet Jan R. R.
Published: September 2017

Many photoactive proteins contain chromophores based on para-substituted phenolate anions which are an essential component of their electronic structure.
Tuning the gate-opening pressure and particle size distribution of the switchable metal–organic framework DUT-8(Ni) by controlled nucleation in a micromixer
Authors: Miura Hiroki , Bon Volodymyr , Senkovska Irena , Ehrling Sebastian , Watanabe Satoshi , Ohba Masaaki , Kaskel Stefan
Published: September 2017

Controlled nucleation in a micromixer was used to synthesize DUT-8(Ni) with narrow particle size distribution in a range from few nm to several μm.
Ring contraction of metallabenzooxirene to metal carbonyl complexes – a comparative study with the Wolff rearrangement of oxirene and benzooxirene
Authors: Anusha Chakkittakandiyil , De Susmita , Parameswaran Pattiyil
Published: September 2017

Transition metal fragments affect the kinetic and thermodynamic feasibility of the Wolff type rearrangement.
Engineering of interface band bending and defects elimination via a Ag-graded active layer for efficient (Cu,Ag)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells
Authors: Qi Ya-Fang , Kou Dong-Xing , Zhou Wen-Hui , Zhou Zheng-Ji , Tian Qing-Wen , Meng Yue-Na , Liu Xin-Sheng , Du Zu-Liang , Wu Si-Xin
Published: September 2017

We reveal a new approach for forming a Ag-graded absorber to overcome the large open-circuit voltage deficit in (Cu,Ag)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells.
One pot green synthesis of MnCO3–rGO composite hybrid superstructure: application to lithium ion battery and biosensor
Authors: Udayabhanu Udayabhanu , Muralikrishna S. , Kishore Brij , Nagabhushana H. , Suresh D. , Sharma S. C. , Nagaraju G.
Published: September 2017

This is the first report on the synthesis of superstructures of MnCO3and MnCO3–rGO using plant extractsvialow-temperature hydrothermal method. The synthesized material shows good lithium-ion battery performance and can be used for the detection of dopamine.
The conformations of new CF3 and CF3-CHF containing amides derived from carbohydrates: NMR, crystallographic and DFT study
Authors: Bilska-Markowska M. , Siodla T. , Patyk-Kaźmierczak E. , Katrusiak A. , Koroniak H.
Published: September 2017

A new convenient synthetic procedure for the preparation of tri- and tetrafluoropropanamides derived from sugars has been described.
Transparent amorphous strontium titanate resistive memories with transient photo-response
Authors: Ahmed Taimur , Walia Sumeet , Kim Jeeson , Nili Hussein , Ramanathan Rajesh , Mayes Edwin L. H. , Lau Desmond W. M. , Kavehei Omid , Bansal Vipul , Bhaskaran Madhu , Sriram Sharath
Published: September 2017

Highly transparent SrTiO3 resistive memories with transient response to optical excitations are demonstrated and the evolution of oxygen vacancies with the location of a conductive filament is optically mapped.
The trimerization of acetylenes involves a cascade of biradical and pericyclic processes
Authors: Jones Gavin O. , Krebs Zachary J.
Published: September 2017

Thorough computational studies were performed on mechanisms and energies for the thermal trimerizations of neutral or electron-rich acetylenes used as cross-linkers in organic hard-masks for lithography applications.
Enantioselective synthesis of sterically hindered α-allyl–α-aryl oxindoles via palladium-catalysed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation
Authors: Jackson Mark , O'Broin Calvin Quince , Müller-Bunz Helge , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: September 2017

The highly enantioselective synthesis of sterically hindered α-allyl–α-aryl oxindoles possessing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter at the oxindole 3-position has been developed.
Cu/Pd cooperatively catalyzed tandem C–N and C–P bond formation: access to phosphorated 2H-indazoles
Authors: Wei Weiwei , Li Xuanyi , Gu Meng , Yao Hequan , Lin Aijun
Published: September 2017

An unprecedented Cu/Pd cooperatively catalyzed tandem C–N/C–P bond formation reaction for the synthesis of phosphorated 2H-indazoles has been developed.
A new fluoropolymer having triazine rings as a dielectric material: synthesis and properties
Authors: Zhou Junfeng , Wang Jiajia , Zhao Jiaqing , Jin Kaikai , Sun Jing , Guo Xiaojun , Fang Qiang
Published: September 2017

A novel fluoropolymer having triazine rings and thermo-crosslinkable benzocyclobutene units is prepared by a facile phase transfer catalyzed interfacial polycondensation reaction between a diphenol and a dichloro-s-triazine.
Metal-catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization in natural product total synthesis
Authors: Hu Ying , Bai Miao , Yang Ying , Zhou Qianghui
Published: September 2017

Enyne cycloisomerization has become a powerful and attractive strategy for the construction of cyclic compounds, thus possessing great potential for applications in total synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
A functionalized metal–organic framework decorated with O− groups showing excellent performance for lead(ii) removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Yu Caixia , Shao Zhichao , Hou Hongwei
Published: September 2017

A novel MOF decorated with O− groups was elaborately constructed and showed excellent performance for Pb2+ removal.
Enhanced catalytic activity and stability of Pt nanoparticles by surface coating of nanosized graphene oxide for hydrogen production from hydrolysis of ammonia–borane
Authors: Ye Wanyue , Ge Yuzhen , Gao Zhanming , Lu Rongwen , Zhang Shufen
Published: September 2017

Enhanced hydrogen production activity of Pt nanoparticles from hydrolysis of ammonia–borane by facile surface coating of nanosized graphene oxide.
Heat-controlled micropillar array device for microsystems technology
Authors: Torras Núria , Duque Marcos , Camargo Carlos J. , Esteve Jaume , Sánchez-Ferrer Antoni
Published: September 2017

A hybrid smart LCE microdevice has been produced with total control on the actuation time/response, repeatability, stability and energy saving.
Multi-atom pattern analysis for binary superlattices
Authors: Reinhart Wesley F. , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z.
Published: September 2017

We use machine learning to discover inherent relationships between multi-atom patterns, enabling the first template-free characterization of binary superlattices.
Graphene-induced growth of single crystalline Sb2MoO6sheets and their sodium storage performance
Authors: Liu Qing , Yan Youwei , Chu Xiangcheng , Zhang Yiling , Xue Lihong , Zhang Wuxing
Published: September 2017

Pure and single crystalline Sb2MoO6sheets can be hydrothermally synthesizedviathe induction of graphene oxides, and the Sb2MoO6/RGO composite exhibits excellent cyclability and rate performance as the anode in a sodium ion battery.
MoO3-induced oxidation doping of PEDOT:PSS for high performance full-solution-processed inverted quantum-dot light emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Min-Hsuan , Chen Lixiang , Li Ning , Zhu Furong
Published: September 2017

MoO3-induced oxidation in PEDOT:PSS hole contact enables improving its conductivity, work function and process compatibility for application in solution-processed transparent QD-LEDs, attaining a maximum luminous efficiency of 1.39 cd A−1and a transparency of >70%.
Magnetic characterization of the SPB/β Cep hybrid pulsator HD 43317
Authors: Buysschaert B. , Neiner C. , Briquet M. , Aerts C.
Published: September 2017

Large-scale magnetic fields at the surface of massive stars do not only influence the outer-most layers of the star, but also have consequences for the deep interior, only observationally accessible through asteroseismology. We performed a detailed characterization of the dipolar magnetic field at the surface of the B3.5V star HD 43317, a SPB/β Cep hybrid pulsator, by studying the rotationally modulated magnetic field of archival and new Narval spectropolarimetry. Additionally, we employed a grid-based approach to compare the Zeeman signatures with model profiles. By studying the rotational modulation of the He lines in both the Narval and HARPS spectroscopy caused by co-rotating surface abundance inhomogeneities, we updated the rotation period to 0.897673 ± 0.000004 d. The inclination angle between the rotation axis and the observer’s line of sight remains ill-defined, because of the low level of variability in Stokes Vand deformations in the intensity profiles by stellar pulsation modes. The obliquity angle between the rotation and magnetic axes is constrained toβ∈ [ 67,90 ] °, and the strength of the dipolar magnetic field is of the order of 1 kG to 1.5 kG. This magnetic field at the stellar surface is sufficiently strong to warrant a uniformly rotating radiative envelope, causing less convective core overshooting, which should be visible in future forward seismic modeling.
Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve-In-Ring and Aortic Valve-In-Valve Implantation
Authors: Reichart Daniel , Schofer Niklas , Deuschl Florian , Schaefer Andreas , Blankenberg Stefan , Reichenspurner Hermann , Schaefer Ulrich , Conradi Lenard
Published: September 2017

Background Transcatheter heart valve (THV) therapies have shown to be an alternative to surgical valve replacement, especially in high-risk patients requiring redo surgery. However, reports of transcatheter-based interventions in tricuspid valve position are scarce.

Case Description Here, we report a case of successful concomitant transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (ViV) and tricuspid valve-in-ring (ViR) procedures using a 23-mm CoreValve Evolut R THV (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States) in aortic position and a 29-mm SAPIEN3 (Edwards Lifesciences, Inc., Irvine, California, United States) THV in tricuspid position.

Conclusion This case demonstrates feasibility of concomitant transcatheter aortic ViV and tricuspid ViR procedures.
Surgery Significantly Improves Neurocognition, Sleep, and Blood Pressure in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A 3-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study
Authors: Storvall Sara , Ryhänen Eeva , Heiskanen Ilkka , Sintonen Harri , Roine Risto , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla
Published: September 2017

Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but it is unclear whether the effects are sustained after medium-term (>2 years) follow-up, and whether the results on some or all dimensions of HRQoL will reach that of the general population. We performed a follow-up of HRQoL on average 3.3 years after surgery for PHPT using the 15D in our patient cohort (n=124) and compared the results to those of an age- and gender-standardized general population (n=1099). We studied self-reported blood pressure and current medications; new comorbidities were retrieved from electronic patient records. A total of 104 (83%) patients [eight with serum calcium (1.34–1.46 mmol/l)] returned the questionnaires. After a follow-up of 3.3 years (range 23 to 55 months), systolic and diastolic blood pressure had decreased significantly compared to baseline (the situation before surgery, p<0.001). Thirty-four (33%) had acquired a new diagnosis (range 1–7), the most common being cardiovascular disease and cancer. Mean 15D score was significantly better compared to baseline (p<0.001), the dimensions of sleeping, mental function, discomfort and symptoms, and depression had further improved (p<0.01), and no longer differed from that of the general population. In PHPT, after >2 years follow-up, surgery improves blood pressure and restores neurocognitive function and sleep to the level of the general population. The improvements observed in overall HRQoL at one year after surgery are sustained, but overall HRQoL does not reach that of the general population.
Inclusive Technologies, Selective Traditions: A Socio-material Case Study of Crowdfunded Book Publishing
Authors: Gleasure Rob , O'Reilly Philip , Cahalane Michael
Published: September 2017

The number and scale of crowdfunding platforms has increased dramatically in recent years, arguably more so than any other open phenomenon. This increase has allowed several crowdfunding websites to capture significant public attention, e.g. Kickstarter, Indiegogo. Yet, the growth of these specialist websites is only one aspect of the increasing popularity of crowdfunding technologies. Another, less-commonly discussed development is the propagation and integration of crowdfunding technologies into novel hybrid or proprietary production contexts, such as t-shirts (e.g. Threadless) or video games (e.g. Star Citizen). Such integrations are to be expected as crowdfunding technologies grow and evolve. However, they also present new challenges for managers and system designers, as the manner in which different features of crowdfunding technologies are enacted becomes decreasingly predictable the more their application domains diverge. This study performs a socio-material case study of Unbound, an innovative book publisher based in the UK. Unbound uses crowdfunding technologies to help authors raise the funding necessary to publish their books. However, once this funding has been reached, Unbound assumes more typical publisher responsibilities, such as editing, printing, binding, shipping, and promoting these books. Findings from Unbound identify four categories of socio-material practices in this hybrid model, each of which contains multiple sub-practices enacting different material features. This includes practices for fundraising, practices for maintaining traditional publishing standards, practices for creative contribution by backers, and practices for motivations. Further, tensions are observed for each of these categories of practices, due to the conflicting demands for inclusivity and selectivity associated with crowdfunding and publishing, respectively.
Rogue waves and W-shaped solitons in the multiple self-induced transparency system
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Chong , Wang Lei
Published: September 2017

We study localized nonlinear waves on a plane wave background in the multiple self-induced transparency (SIT) system, which describes an important enhancement of the amplification and control of optical waves compared to the single SIT system. A hierarchy of exact multiparametric rational solutions in a compact determinant representation is presented. We demonstrate that this family of solutions contain known rogue wave solutions and unusual W-shaped soliton solutions. State transitions between the fundamental rogue waves and W-shaped solitons as well as higher-order nonlinear superposition modes are revealed in the zero-frequency perturbation region by the suitable choice for the background wavenumber of the electric field component. Particularly, it is found that the multiple SIT system can admit both stationary and nonstationary W-shaped solitons in contrast to the stationary results in the single SIT system. Moreover, the W-shaped soliton complex which is formed by a certain number of fundamental W-shaped solitons with zero phase parameters and its decomposition mechanism in the case of the nonzero phase parameters are shown. Meanwhile, some important characteristics of the nonlinear waves including trajectories and spectrum are discussed through the numerical and analytical methods.
A switchable spin-wave signal splitter for magnonic networks
Authors: Heussner F. , Serga A. A. , Brächer T. , Hillebrands B. , Pirro P.
Published: September 2017

The influence of an inhomogeneous magnetization distribution on the propagation of caustic-like spin-wave beams in unpatterned magnetic films has been investigated by utilizing micromagnetic simulations. Our study reveals a locally controllable and reconfigurable tractability of the beam directions. This feature is used to design a device combining split and switch functionalities for spin-wave signals on the micrometer scale. A coherent transmission of spin-wave signals through the device is verified. This attests the applicability in magnonic networks where the information is encoded in the phase of the spin waves.
Oscillation death and revival by coupling with damped harmonic oscillator
Authors: Varshney Vaibhav , Saxena Garima , Biswal Bibhu , Prasad Awadhesh
Published: September 2017

Dynamics of nonlinear oscillators augmented with co- and counter-rotating linear damped harmonic oscillator is studied in detail. Depending upon the sense of rotation of augmenting system, the collective dynamics converges to either synchronized periodic behaviour or oscillation death. Multistability is observed when there is a transition from periodic state to oscillation death. In the periodic region, the system is found to be in mixed synchronization state, which is characterized by the newly defined “relative phase angle” between the different axes.
Study on a novel core module based on optical fiber bundles for urine dry-chemistry analysis
Authors: Liu Gaiqin , Ma Zengwei , Li Rui , Hu Nan , Chen Ping , Wang Fei , Zhang Ruiying , Chen Longcong
Published: September 2017

A core module with a novel optical structure is presented to analyze urine by the dry-chemistry method in this paper. It consists of a 32-bit microprocessor, optical fiber bundles, a high precision color sensor and a temperature sensor. The optical fiber bundles are adopted to control the spread path of light and reduce the influence of ambient light and the distance between the strip and sensor effectively. And the temperature sensor is applied to detect the environmental temperature to calibrate the measurement results. Therefore, all these can bring a lot of benefits to the core module, such as improving its test accuracy, reducing its volume and cost, and simplifying its assembly. Additionally, some parameters, including the calculation coefficient about reflectivity of each item, semi-quantitative intervals, the number of test items, may be modified by corresponding instructions in order to enhance its applicability. Meanwhile, its outputs can be chosen among the original data, normalized color values, reflectivity, and the semi-quantitative level of each test item by available instructions. Our results show that the module has high measurement accuracy of more than 95%, good stability, reliability, and consistency and can be easily used in various types of urine analyzers.
Intrinsic non-inductive current driven by ETG turbulence in tokamaks
Authors: Singh Rameswar , Kaw P. K. , Singh R. , Gürcan Ö. D.
Published: September 2017

Motivated by observations and physics understanding of the phenomenon of intrinsic rotation, it is suggested that similar considerations for electron dynamics may result in intrinsic current in tokamaks. We have investigated the possibility of intrinsic non-inductive current in the turbulent plasma of tokamaks. Ohm's law is generalized to include the effect of turbulent fluctuations in the mean field approach. This clearly leads to the identification of sources and the mechanisms of non-inductive current drive by electron temperature gradient turbulence. It is found that a mean parallel electro-motive force and hence a mean parallel current can be generated by (1) the divergence of residual current flux density and (2) a non-flux like turbulent source from the density and parallel electric field correlations. Both residual flux and the non-flux source require parallel wave-number k∥ symmetry breaking for their survival which can be supplied by various means like mean E × B shear, turbulence intensity gradient, etc. Estimates of turbulence driven current are compared with the background bootstrap current in the pedestal region. It is found that turbulence driven current is nearly 10% of the bootstrap current and hence can have a significant influence on the equilibrium current density profiles and current shear driven modes.
Plasmonic diabolo cavity enhanced spin pumping
Authors: Qian Jie , Gou Peng , Gui Y. S. , Hu C. M. , An Zhenghua
Published: September 2017

Low spin-current generation efficiency has impeded further progress in practical spin devices, especially in the form of wireless excitation. To tackle this problem, a unique Plasmonic Diabolo Cavity (PDC) is proposed to enhance the spin pumping (SP) signal. The SP microwave photovoltage is enhanced ∼22-fold by PDC at ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). This improvement owes to the localization of the microwave magnetic field, which drives the spin precession process to more effectively generate photovoltage at the FMR condition. The in-plane anisotropy of spin pumping is found to be suppressed by PDC. Our work suggests that metamaterial resonant structures exhibit rich interactions with spin dynamics and could potentially be applied in future high-frequency spintronics.
CO2 packing polymorphism under pressure: Mechanism and thermodynamics of the I-III polymorphic transition
Authors: Gimondi Ilaria , Salvalaglio Matteo
Published: September 2017

In this work, we describe the thermodynamics and mechanism of CO2 polymorphic transitions under pressure from form I to form III combining standard molecular dynamics, well-tempered metadynamics, and committor analysis. We find that the phase transformation takes place through a concerted rearrangement of CO2 molecules, which unfolds via an anisotropic expansion of the CO2 supercell. Furthermore, at high pressures, we find that defected form I configurations are thermodynamically more stable with respect to form I without structural defects. Our computational approach shows the capability of simultaneously providing an extensive sampling of the configurational space, estimates of the thermodynamic stability, and a suitable description of a complex, collective polymorphic transition mechanism.
A high-speed, eight-wavelength visible light-infrared pyrometer for shock physics experiments
Authors: Wang Rongbo , Li Shengfu , Zhou Weijun , Luo Zhen-Xiong , Meng Jianhua , Tian Jianhua , He Lihua , Cheng Xianchao
Published: September 2017

An eight-channel, high speed pyrometer for precise temperature measurement is designed and realized in this work. The addition of longer-wavelength channels sensitive at lower temperatures highly expands the measured temperature range, which covers the temperature of interest in shock physics from 1500K-10000K. The working wavelength range is 400-1700nm from visible light to near-infrared (NIR). Semiconductor detectors of Si and InGaAs are used as photoelectric devices, whose bandwidths are 50MHz and 150MHz respectively. Benefitting from the high responsivity and high speed of detectors, the time resolution of the pyrometer can be smaller than 10ns. By combining the high-transmittance beam-splitters and narrow-bandwidth filters, the peak spectrum transmissivity of each channel can be higher than 60%. The gray-body temperatures of NaI crystal under shock-loading are successfully measured by this pyrometer.
Modeling of wind turbine vortex generators in considering the inter-effects between arrays
Authors: Zhao Zhenzhou , Shen Wenzhong , Wang Ruixin , Wang Tongguang , Xu Bofeng , Zheng Yuan , Qian Siyuan
Published: September 2017

Vortex generators (VGs) are commonly placed on wind turbine blades to delay flow separation in the boundary layer. VGs can be parametrically modeled in computational fluid dynamics for effective and efficient simulations of wind blade flow fields. Many researchers have studied the vortex circulation created by VGs and created various parametric models used with the Navier-Stokes equations, but most of them are based on a single winglet of VGs and do not include the inter-effects between the winglets. This paper proposes a parameterized VG array model based on counter-rotating VGs, which properly takes into account the inter-effects between winglets. Two cases, i.e., a plate with a pair of VGs and a DU-W2–250 blade segment with five pairs of VGs, are investigated to validate this model; the array type parametric model is in closer agreement with experimental data than traditional models. Compared to the solid VG model, the array type model has similar streamlines and surface pressure coefficients on the suction surface. The array type VG model can effectively reduce the number of grid points and yield highly accurate predictions of wind turbine blade aerodynamic characteristics.
Validation of the model for ELM suppression with 3D magnetic fields using low torque ITER baseline scenario discharges in DIII-D
Authors: Moyer R. A. , Paz-Soldan C. , Nazikian R. , Orlov D. M. , Ferraro N. M. , Grierson B. A. , Knölker M. , Lyons B. C. , McKee G. R. , Osborne T. H. , Rhodes T. L. , Meneghini O. , Smith S. , Evans T. E. , Fenstermacher M. E. , Groebner R. J. , Hanson J. M. , La Haye R. J. , Luce T. C. , Mordijck S. , Solomon W. M. , Turco F. , Yan Z. , Zeng L. ,   DIII-D Team
Published: September 2017

Experiments have been executed in the DIII-D tokamak to extend suppression of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) with Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) to ITER-relevant levels of beam torque. The results support the hypothesis for RMP ELM suppression based on transition from an ideal screened response to a tearing response at a resonant surface that prevents expansion of the pedestal to an unstable width [Snyder et al., Nucl. Fusion 51, 103016 (2011) and Wade et al., Nucl. Fusion 55, 023002 (2015)]. In ITER baseline plasmas with I/aB = 1.4 and pedestal ν* ∼ 0.15, ELMs are readily suppressed with co-Ip neutral beam injection. However, reducing the beam torque from 5 Nm to ≤ 3.5 Nm results in loss of ELM suppression and a shift in the zero-crossing of the electron perpendicular rotation ω⊥e ∼ 0 deeper into the plasma. The change in radius of ω⊥e ∼ 0 is due primarily to changes to the electron diamagnetic rotation frequency ωe*. Linear plasma response modeling with the resistive MHD code m3d-c1 indicates that the tearing response location tracks the inward shift in ω⊥e ∼ 0. At pedestal ν* ∼ 1, ELM suppression is also lost when the beam torque is reduced, but the ω⊥e change is dominated by collapse of the toroidal rotation vT. The hypothesis predicts that it should be possible to obtain ELM suppression at reduced beam torque by also reducing the height and width of the ωe* profile. This prediction has been confirmed experimentally with RMP ELM suppression at 0 Nm of beam torque and plasma normalized pressure βN ∼ 0.7. This opens the possibility of accessing ELM suppression in low torque ITER baseline plasmas by establishing suppression at low beta and then increasing beta while relying on the strong RMP-island coupling to maintain suppression.
Creation and characterization of free-standing cryogenic targets for laser-driven ion acceleration
Authors: Tebartz Alexandra , Bedacht Stefan , Hesse Markus , Astbury Sam , Clarke Rob , Ortner Alex , Schaumann Gabriel , Wagner Florian , Neely David , Roth Markus
Published: September 2017

A technique for the creation of free-standing cryogenic targets for laser-driven ion acceleration is presented, which allows us to create solid state targets consisting of initially gaseous materials. In particular, the use of deuterium and the methods for its preparation as a target material for laser-driven ion acceleration are discussed. Moving in the phase diagram through the liquid phase leads to the substance covering an aperture on a cooled copper frame where it is solidified through further cooling. An account of characterization techniques for target thickness is given, with a focus on deducing thickness values from distance values delivered by chromatic confocal sensors.
New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: September 2017

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this Department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
ICRF fast wave current drive and mode conversion current drive in EAST tokamak
Authors: Yin L. , Yang C. , Gong X. Y. , Lu X. Q. , Du D. , Chen Y.
Published: September 2017

Fast wave in the ion-cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) range is a promising candidate for non-inductive current drive (CD), which is essential for long pulse and high performance operation of tokamaks. A numerical study on the ICRF fast wave current drive (FWCD) and mode-conversion current drive (MCCD) in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) is carried out by means of the coupled full wave and Ehst-Karney parameterization methods. The results show that FWCD efficiency is notable in two frequency regimes, i.e., f ≥ 85 MHz and f = 50–65 MHz, where ion cyclotron absorption is effectively avoided, and the maximum on-axis driven current per unit power can reach 120 kA/MW. The sensitivity of the CD efficiency to the minority ion concentration is confirmed, owing to fast wave mode conversion, and the peak MCCD efficiency is reached for 22% minority-ion concentration. The effects of the wave-launch position and the toroidal wavenumber on the efficiency of current drive are also investigated.
Spatially resolved chemical analysis of photodecomposition and doping effect of fluoropolymer-covered graphene
Authors: Yang Mihyun , Ihm Kyuwook , Kim Soo Young , Ahn Joung Real
Published: September 2017

We have studied the photo-decomposition of fluoropolymer-covered graphene and its effects on the electrical properties of embedded graphene using spatially resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. From the comparative approach to the photo-decomposition and chemical analysis, we clearly prove that the fluorine atoms are desorbed from the sample surface by photon irradiation, resulting in a change of difluoride into a monofluoride form. As this photo-induced chemical modification proceeds, the dipole field changes strongly, which is responsible for the field-driven Dirac point realignment of the graphene layer. The desorption temperature of the photo-modified fluoropolymer was similar to that without photon irradiation (286 °C; ∼0.047 eV); this similarity means that photo-modification did not cause chemical interactions between the fluoropolymer and graphene.
Spanish version of the Dispositional Empathy with Nature scale / Versión española de la escala de Empatía Disposicional hacia la Naturaleza
Authors: Sevillano Verónica , Corraliza José A. , Lorenzo Esther
Published: September 2017

The Dispositional Empathy with Nature scale (DEN) — dispositional tendency to understand and share the emotional experience of the natural world — offers a methodological tool for the study of the affective component of environmental concern. In this paper, the factor structure of the Spanish version of the DEN scale is tested ( N = 394). The originally proposed one-factor structure is found using exploratory factor analysis — FACTOR program — with Unweighted Least Squares procedure and optimal implementation of parallel analysis ( GFI = .99), along with high internal consistency (α = .93). The Spanish DEN scale shows moderate correlations between environmental concern measures ( r = .36 – .44, p < .01) and low-to-moderate correlations with dispositional empathy with humans ( r = .30 – .42, p < .05), indicating the distinctiveness of the scale. The Spanish version of the DEN scale is an adequate and reliable instrument for the measurement of empathic tendencies towards nature. Some recommendations regarding its future use are made.
Literary and Economic Value
Authors: Clover Joshua , Nealon Christopher
Published: September 2017

“Value” is a concept structured by confusing relations between its social-ethical and its economic meanings (“I agree with your values”; “the sweater is a great value at that price”). The two meanings cannot be kept separate, but the negotiation of their relation has vexed theories of artistic and literary value since at least the rise of the discourse of aesthetics in the 18th century. Early attempts to separate aesthetic value from its economic counterpart involved analogies between what were understood to be different cognitive faculties (reason and emotion, say), and relations among competing claims to political standing (between the bourgeoisie and the sovereign, most of all). Liberal American conversations about literary and economic value after World War II worried over part-whole relations in terms of debates about the value of individual literary works in what seemed to be an ever-expanding multicultural canon. Postwar literary theories of economic and aesthetic value in a more Marxist vein turned to various narratives of the “subsumption” of social life by economic values: sometimes imagining that subsumption as a fatal error on the part of capitalism, since sociability is too unruly finally to organize according to economic principles, or as a terrible victory for a capitalism that had now transformed into something qualitatively different and more sinister, like a “bio-power.” But even these Marxist literary theories tended to ignore contemporary work in history, historical sociology, and critical theory that identified changes in the relation between what had once seemed to be at least notionally separate aesthetic and economic “spheres” not with subsumption per se, but with a crisis in capital’s ways of producing profitable surplus value, and exchangeable use values. Seen from the vantage of this scholarship, it becomes clear that not only do most discourses on the specific value of the aesthetic tend to lean too heavily on spatialized domain models of art and economics (which conceive of them as occupying, in reality or potential, different regions), but also this persistently demanded separation of art and economics rests in turn on a false distinction between politics and economics. Rethinking the specificity of art and literature without thinking of it as a separate sphere, or as necessarily resistant to capital, is a research project for the coming decades.