bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible Throat Patch for Phonetic Recognition and Ingestion Monitoring via Sensory Transition based on Machine Learning
Authors: Hong Wonki
Published: March 2024

The throat is an organ that includes the larynx, esophagus, and bronchi. Vocalization or deglutition triggers micro‐movements of muscles around the throat. In this study, based on machine learning using a flexible patch, pronunciation is identified by analyzing the vibration and movement of the laryngeal muscles, and the type of food consumed is determined through peristalsis analysis. Previously, voices are recognized through cochlea hair cells, and the type of food intake is identified through taste receptors. However, this study converted auditory or gustatory senses to tactile stage through sensory transition and finally visualized. Using a customized throat patch with segmented nodes, the pronunciation of [a], [e], [i], [o], and [u], representative vowels of languages worldwide, are distinguished with an accuracy of 85.9% based on the polynomial kernel algorithm. In addition, cookies, water, gummies, and chocolate are distinguished with 91.1% accuracy by detecting differences in the esophagus's peristalsis. Transformation of auditory or gustatory sensations to tactile information and visualization is expected to be used for communication in noisy environments or soundless environments such as outer space. This approach can also provide significant potential for determining the type of ingestion for users who have lost their sense of taste.
Intermolecular Interaction Between BODIPY and TPE Enhances Phototherapy
Authors: Gong Zhichao , Kang Guangbo , Shi Ruijie , Jiang Xu , Rong Xuejiao , Du Xiaobing , Wu Jiang , Huang He , Meng Shuxian
Published: March 2024

Fluoroborodipyrrole (BODIPY) and Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) are well‐known molecules in the realm of optical materials, celebrated for their exceptional properties. Recent research increasingly focuses on their combined use. In this study, a novel non‐synthetic method is taken to harness the synergistic therapeutic potential stemming from intermolecular interactions by employing nanoparticle encapsulation and core–shell structure. In vitro and in vivo experiments results show that the nanoparticles  encapsulating BODIPY and TPE exhibit low cytotoxicity, efficient antitumor properties, and excellent visualization, achieving remarkable 1+1>2 effects. This innovative method not only provides high therapeutic efficacy, but also reduces time and economic costs, providing a novel perspective for exploring the combination of BODIPY and TPE as well as similar molecules in the field of optical materials.
Efficient Quantum Dot Infrared Photovoltaic with Enhanced Charge Extraction via Applying Gradient Electron Transport Layers
Authors: Liu Sisi , Deng Chengjie , Wang Meng , Wei Aoshen , Luo Tianyu , Lu Haifei , Wen Xiaoyan , Li Ming‐Yu , Zhang Jianbing
Published: March 2024

PbS quantum dot (QD) infrared (IR) solar cells that can absorb low‐energy photons are promising photovoltaic devices to improve utilization of sunlight energy by broadening absorption range of the sunlight spectrum to short‐wave infrared region. For PbS QD photovoltaics, depleted heterojunction established between photoactive layer and ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) is critical to determine the performance of devices. However, undesired defects in ZnO films and mismatched energy levels have limited the improvement of device properties. Herein, a novel and simple gradient ZnO ETL is developed for achieving high‐performance QD IR solar cells by depositing a Cs‐doped ZnO thin layer on the pristine ZnO film. The resulting gradient ETL exhibits significantly suppressive trap states and a much smoother surface, efficiently reducing the trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination at the interfaces. Meanwhile, realigned energy levels of the gradient ZnO ETL facilitate the transport and extraction of photogenerated carriers. As a result, the champion device shows a high IR open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.446 V and IR power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.27% under 1100 nm filtered illumination. The VOC and PCE are 0.507 V and 11.04% under AM1.5 illumination, respectively. These results demonstrate a promising strategy for exploiting high‐performance infrared optoelectronic devices.
Voltage‐Driven Molecular Orientation with Optical Synergy in Rare Earth Doped Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals
Authors: Sang Xu , Khan Adnan , Xu Rui , Zhang Kang , Tian Ye , Li Yan , Feng Ming , Liu Lisa , Song Feng , Huang Wei
Published: March 2024

Achieving reversible large‐span photoluminescence regulation still faces difficulties due to limitations in the design or preparation conditions of related materials. Herein, a universal strategy that combines voltage‐driven molecular orientation with optical synergy between rare earth (RE) doped materials and polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) is proposed to achieve large‐span reversible opto‐electrically synergistic induced multi‐response photoluminescence regulation. The obtained Eu(tta)3phen/PDLC composites can exhibit different emission colors reversible transform from purple to purplish‐pink depending on the excitation wavelength and the applied electric voltage. The interaction between PDLC and Eu(tta)3phen is analyzed and the field distribution of internal microstructures is simulated using the finite‐difference time‐domain method, providing a theoretical basis for the voltage‐dependent photon interactions. The potential applications of Eu(tta)3phen/PDLC composites for anticounterfeiting is suggested by demonstrating a proof‐of‐concept anticounterfeiting system based on the composites. The strategy of opto‐electrically synergistic induced multi‐response photoluminescence regulation, with general applicability, can be easily extended to other RE doped materials and PDLC systems, opening up new possibilities for photoluminescence regulation research.
An Electrochemically Driven Oxidative Strecker Reaction via the Unique Hydroxymethyl Radical Intermediate
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wang Cen‐Xuan , Zhang Guo‐Wei , Wu Ming‐Yu , Feng Shun
Published: March 2024

Alfa‐aminonitriles are versatile and valuable intermediates in pharmaceutical chemistry. Until now, the Strecker reaction has remained the most efficient tool for synthesizing these compounds. Nevertheless, it is only applicable to aldehyde/imine systems and generally needs metal catalysts and external additives. Herein, an electrochemically driven oxidative Strecker reaction strategy was designed and accomplished for the synthesis of α‐aminonitriles with alcohol as the alkylation reagent. The strategy is environmentally friendly, scalable, and compatible with a wide range of functional groups, encompassing aromatic primary amines, secondary amines, and even alkylamine. Utilizing the merits of electro‐organic synthesis, it can be readily magnified from milligram to gram scale by simply adjusting the electrochemical parameters. Emphasized, it testified that a unique intermediate CH2*OH well‐established in fuel cells was involved in the reaction.
A Performance Comparison Between Organic Electrochemical Transistor and Electrode Configurations for Enzymatic Sensing
Authors: Saleh Abdulelah , Wustoni Shofarul , Salvigni Luca , Koklu Anil , Druet Victor , Surgailis Jokubas , Nayak Prem D. , Inal Sahika
Published: March 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) excel at biosensing due to their high amplification factor, which allows for detecting low analyte concentrations and picking up weak physiological signals. One prominent use of OECT is in enzymatic metabolite sensing, with the OECT claimed to have a superior low limit of detection and enhanced sensitivity compared to conventional two or three electrode‐based setups. However, there has yet to be a direct comparative study on the performance metrics of these sensor configurations under unified conditions. Here, the glucose sensing performance of an enzyme‐immobilized electrode is systematically examined in two types of devices that have the same geometrical relations: the first one is a traditional 2‐ or 3‐electrode configuration where the sensing electrode is the working electrode, and in the second one, the enzymatic electrode serves as the gate electrode of an OECT. While benchmarking the performance of OECT technology for enzyme‐based metabolite sensing, this study provides insights into the operation mechanism of OECT‐based enzymatic sensors. These results can help to design more efficient OECT‐based circuits to transduce biological events that involve redox reactions.
Numerical Simulation of the Passive Radiative Cooling Fabric Based on Fiber‐Yarn‐Texture‐Doping Particle 3D Model
Authors: Niu Tianye , Guo Hongyu , Yu Jianyong , Wang Xueli
Published: March 2024

Developing passive radiative cooling fabrics could effectively prevent the harmful consequences of global warming, including heat stress and other related illnesses. By enhancing the material compositions and optimizing the structural parameters of conventional fabrics, the creation of radiative cooling fabric that offers both comfort and durability holds great potential. However, the researched simulation models are over‐simplistic, rendering it challenging to precisely portray the fine fabric's structure with the low accuracy of optical properties prediction. In this work, a high‐fidelity model is developed for fabric structure, which allows for precise control of structural parameters of fiber, yarn, texture, and doping particles. Subsequently, by utilizing the FDTD Solutions software, the optical performance of the fabric model is successfully addressed. Furthermore, the coupled heat transfer equation is employed to determine the actual cooling effect of the fabric. It is observed that doping 1% TiO2 nanoparticles and increasing the number of fibers significantly enhances the solar reflectivity, resulting in a cooling effect of approximately 2 °C. To maintain the skin temperature of 34°C, the additional cooling energy required would be reduced by 36 W m−2. These findings are expected to provide crucial guidance and predictions for the development of passive radiative cooling fabrics.
Grinding Surface Roughness Measurement Combined with Simulation Data and Transfer Learning
Authors: Yi Huaian , Feng Ziqiang , Shu Aihua
Published: March 2024

The surface‐roughness machine vision measurement method requires training numerous samples with uniform roughness values to construct a prediction model. Insufficient actual sample size will make the model lack generalization ability. So, a grinding surface‐roughness measurement method combined with simulation data and transfer learning is proposed. First, through surface simulation, inverse fitting, and three‐dimensional (3D) modeling, more realistic simulation samples are obtained, real samples are prepared, and a simulation imaging system and an actual imaging experiment to acquire surface images are designed. Second, the data distribution difference between the simulation domain and the actual domain through transfer component analysis and the use of the adjusted simulation‐domain data and its label to train a support vector regression model is adjusted. Finally, the model predicts the surface roughness of the uncalibrated actual‐domain sample. For shared features of transferable simulation images and actual images, using the high sensitivity of color information, image features are enhanced and a proportion of pure color region index is designed, strongly correlated within the domain but less differentiated between domains. The results show that the transfer learning prediction accuracy based on this index exceeds 90%, verifying the feasibility of the proposed method and providing a new improvement strategy for sample expansion in visual roughness measurement.
Large‐Scale Numerical Simulation of the Solid Lubricant Behavior in the Leg Joints of Insects
Authors: Filippov Alexander E. , Nadein Konstantin , Gorb Stanislav N. , Kovalev Alexander
Published: March 2024

Semi‐solid lubricant in the leg joints of insects is represented by tiny cylindrical fragments. The dynamics of lubricant behavior between contact surfaces at the joint scale are investigated using numerical simulation. Results of modeling show that lubricant fragments tend to stick together and form clots of varying shapes and sizes under the influence of shear motion. Formation of such clots, accompanied by constant loss and reproduction of the lubricant, allows maintaining of fluctuating clearance between contact surfaces and helps to reduce friction. Foreign contaminant particles penetrating an open insect joint are removed by the lubricant, to which they stick, reducing abrasive wear.
Pressure Effects and Countermeasures in Solid‐State Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Xu Hongfei , Yang Shubin , Li Bin
Published: March 2024

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) have garnered significant attention as promising and safe electrochemical solutions for high‐energy storage. Despite their advantageous characteristics, the widespread adoption of SSBs encounters significant obstacles. Foremost among these challenges is the inadequate solid‐state electrolyte (SSE)‐electrode contact, particularly under typical operating conditions with moderate pressures. Consequently, substantial external pressures are conventionally applied to establish a tightly bonded and low‐impedance interfacial connection. Unfortunately, high pressure concurrently precipitates detrimental effects, such as SSE structural fractures and premature short circuits. Moreover, the pressure parameters that are currently employed in laboratory‐scale research lack consistency and far exceed the current industrial requirement (< 1 MPa), which undermines the objective evaluation of SSBs’ actual performance and hampers the practical utilization. This review aims to construct a comprehensive perspective on the effect of pressure on SSBs, with a specific focus on decoupling the interfacial/bulk electrochemo‐mechanical dynamics. In particular, the adverse consequences and fundamental causes of the highly‐pressure‐reliance behavior in SSBs are scrutinized, followed by a systematic summarization of the current strategies toward low‐pressure SSBs. Based on these insights, it is put forth promising directions for better disentangling the electrochemo‐mechanical interplay within SSBs and inspiring the development of pressure‐independent SSBs.
Unveiling the Microscopic Origin of Irreversible Capacity Loss of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jingqiang , Guan Chaohong , Li Huangxu , Wang Danjun , Lai Yanqing , Li Simin , Li Jie , Zhang Zhian
Published: March 2024

The primary bottleneck hindering the application of hard carbon in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) anodes lies in its inadequate initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Unclear causes of capacity loss at the microscopic level restrict the improvement of hard carbon anodes. Here, two pivotal stages that influence the structure and composition of hard carbon, namely synthesis, and storage are evaluated; subsequently identifying crucial determinants contributing to irreversible capacity loss. The results suggest that undergrown carbon layers allowing the intrusion of solvent molecules into the interior of the hard carbon is a key factor during the synthesis stage, while the gradual formation of oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of the hard carbon is another factor leading to irreversible loss of capacity during storage stage. This research microscopically clarifies the irreversible capacity loss mechanism on hard carbon and provides guidelines for designing and applying high ICE hard carbon for SIBs.
A Highly‐Flexible and Breathable Photo‐Thermo‐Electric Membrane for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Ma Xiaolu , Zhao Jin , Shou Dahua , Liu Yong
Published: March 2024

Photo‐thermo‐electric (PTE) technology is a simple but sustainable method that directly converts solar energy into electricity. However, the manufacturing of flexible and breathable PTE generators for practical applications, such as intelligent wearable and self‐powered sensors, poses significant challenges due to the rigid thermoelectric materials and unbreathable substrates. Here, a highly‐flexible and breathable photo‐thermal‐electric membrane (FB‐PTEM) is developed by magnetron sputtering (MS) on a photo‐thermal nanofiber membrane. A single unit of FB‐PTEM produced an open‐circuit voltage of 0.52 V under 1 sun (100 mW cm−2) and 0.2 V under LED illumination, making it suitable for all‐weather use. The photo‐thermal nanofiber membrane exhibited high photo‐thermal conversion capacity of reaching 70 °C within 50 s under 1 sun irradiation. The FB‐PTEM with a thickness of 0.35 mm achieved a self‐temperature difference of 20.6 °C under 1 sun with the low thermal conductivity of the nanofiber membrane. Furthermore, it has a vapor permeability of 14.6 kg m−2 d−1 due to the inherent high porosity of the nanofiber membranes. The FB‐PTEM demonstrates great potential for the development of highly flexible thermoelectric materials, as it encompasses various advantageous features such as self‐temperature difference, lightweight design, high breathability, and all‐weather suitability.
Atomic Co─P Catalytic Pair Drives Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Ni Jiaqi , Yan Jing , Li Fuhua , Qi Haifeng , Xu Qingzhu , Su Chenliang , Sun Like , Sun Hongli , Ding Jie , Liu Bin
Published: March 2024

Electrochemically reducing nitrate (NO3−), a common water pollutant, to valuable ammonia (NH3) offers a green, sustainable, and decentralized route for ammonia synthesis. Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) involves two crucial reaction steps: nitrate deoxygenation followed by nitrite hydrogenation; in particular, the nitrite hydrogenation reaction is the rate‐determining step (RDS) for NO3−RR. In this work, an atomically dispersed cobalt‐phosphorus (Co─P) catalytic pair (CP) with strong electronic coupling is reported. The Co site in Co─P CP effectively activates NO3−, while the P site in Co─P CP facilitates water dissociation to release H+, synergistically enhancing the thermodynamic and kinetic performance of electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia.
Catalytic Solid‐State Sulfur Conversion Confined in Micropores toward Superhigh Coulombic Efficiency Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Haotian , Wang Li , Geng Chuannan , Zhao Yufei , Li Qiang , Jiang Xin , Tian Zhangliu , Wang Meng , Jiang Chonglai , Sun Zejun , Cui Baihua , He Yan‐Bing , Chen Wei , Lv Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: March 2024

Achieving the solid–solid conversion of sulfur is a fundamental solution to eliminating the shuttling of soluble polysulfides and improving the cycling stability of lithium‐sulfur batteries. However, the sluggish solid reaction kinetics seriously challenge the battery performance. In this work, a micropore‐confined catalysis strategy to achieve the smooth solid–solid conversion of sulfur is proposed. It is realized by storing sulfur in a microporous carbon host with narrow pore size and uniformly distributed single‐atom Co catalytic sites. The microporous structure avoids the contact of electrolyte solvents with the inner sulfur, preventing the formation and dissolution of polysulfides and efficiently suppressing sulfur loss during cycling. The introduced single‐atom Co catalytic sites promote the charge transfer to accelerate the solid–solid conversion of sulfur. When coupled with a liquid carbonate electrolyte, the battery exhibits a remarkably high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ≈99.88% and a minimal capacity decay rate of ≈0.016% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 0.5 C. Even when coupled with the solid‐state electrolyte, the battery still delivers a significantly high capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 and a remarkably high CE of ≈99.83% over 200 cycles. This work reveals a promising solution for developing practical stable Li─S batteries.
Structural disconnectivity in postoperative delirium: A perioperative two‐center cohort study in older patients
Authors: Fislage Marinus , Winzeck Stefan , Woodrow Rebecca , Lammers‐Lietz Florian , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. , Correia Marta M. , Preller Jacobus , Feinkohl Insa , Hendrikse Jeroen , Pischon Tobias , Spies Claudia D. , Slooter Arjen J. C. , Winterer Georg , Menon David K. , Zacharias Norman ,   BioCog Consortium
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Structural disconnectivity was found to precede dementia. Global white matter abnormalities might also be associated with postoperative delirium (POD).

METHODS

We recruited older patients (≥65 years) without dementia that were scheduled for major surgery. Diffusion kurtosis imaging metrics were obtained preoperatively, after 3 and 12 months postoperatively. We calculated fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), mean kurtosis (MK), and free water (FW). A structured and validated delirium assessment was performed twice daily.

RESULTS

Of 325 patients, 53 patients developed POD (16.3%). Preoperative global MD (standardized beta 0.27 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.32] p < 0.001) was higher in patients with POD. Preoperative global MK (−0.07 [95% CI −0.11 to (−0.04)] p < 0.001) and FA (0.07 [95% CI −0.10 to (−0.04)] p < 0.001) were lower. When correcting for baseline diffusion, postoperative MD was lower after 3 months (0.05 [95% CI −0.08 to (−0.03)] p < 0.001; n = 183) and higher after 12 months (0.28 [95% CI 0.20–0.35] p < 0.001; n = 45) among patients with POD.

DISCUSSION

Preoperative structural disconnectivity was associated with POD. POD might lead to white matter depletion 3 and 12 months after surgery.
Pressure‐Induced Superconductivity and Structure Phase Transition in SnAs‐Based Zintl Compound SrSn2As2
Authors: Cao Weizheng , Wu Juefei , Li Yongkai , Pei Cuiying , Wang Qi , Zhao Yi , Li Changhua , Zhu Shihao , Zhang Mingxin , Zhang Lili , Chen Yulin , Wang Zhiwei , Qi Yanpeng
Published: March 2024

Layered SnAs‐based Zintl compounds exhibit a distinctive electronic structure, igniting extensive research efforts in areas of superconductivity, topological insulators, and quantum magnetism. In this paper, the crystal structures and electronic properties of the Zintl compound SrSn2As2 upon compression are systematically investigated. Pressure‐induced superconductivity is observed in SrSn2As2 with a nonmonotonic evolution of superconducting transition temperature Tc. Theoretical calculations together with high‐pressure synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy have identified that SrSn2As2 undergoes a structural transformation from a rhombohedral Rm phase to the monoclinic C2/m phase. Beyond 28.3 GPa, Tc is suppressed due to a reduction of the density of state (DOS) at the Fermi level. The discovery of pressure‐induced superconductivity, accompanied by structural transitions in SrSn2As2, greatly expands the physical properties of layered SnAs‐based compounds and provides new ground states upon compression.
PROTOCOL: Street outreach conflict mediation programs for reducing violence
Authors: Maguire Edward R. , Telep Cody W. , Abt Thomas , Adams Ericka
Published: March 2024

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: This systematic review will synthesize the available evaluation research on the effectiveness of street outreach conflict mediation programs. The review seeks to answer the following primary question: Are street outreach worker strategies that use conflict mediation and/or violence interruption strategies effective at reducing violence? Assuming a sufficient number of eligible studies, this review will also address two additional questions: Are there certain program elements that render these strategies more or less effective? Are there certain conditions under which these strategies are more or less effective? As policymakers struggle to understand the policy options available to them for preventing and reducing violence, having clear answers to these three questions will help them make more informed decisions. The primary focus of this review is the effect of these strategies on violence. Nonetheless, when data are available we will collect information on secondary outcomes such as the cost‐effectiveness of these strategies and their impacts on perceptual or attitudinal measures such as fear, perceived safety, and violence‐related norms.
Protocol: Strategy instruction for improving short‐ and long‐term writing performance on secondary and upper‐secondary students: A systematic review
Authors: Kalmendal André , Henriksson Ida , Nordström Thomas , Carlsson Rickard
Published: March 2024

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. This review aims to investigate the effectiveness of all types of teacher‐delivered classroom‐based strategy instruction aimed at students in the general population (all students) including struggling students (with or at‐risk of academic difficulties) in ages 12–19 for increasing writing performance. The majority of previous reviews scoped all outcomes presented in the primary studies. This review will solely focus on covering three most common outcomes: story quality, story elements and word count/length.
An epidemiological qualitative/quantitative SWOT‐AHP analysis in order to highlight the positive or critical aspects of dental implants: A pilot study
Authors: Aliberti Silvana Mirella , Funk Richard H. W. , De Stefano Marco , Hoffmann Thomas , Capunzo Mario
Published: March 2024

Objectives

In recent years, dental implants are increasing in popularity due to their high success rate, demonstrated functionality, and aesthetic treatment results. Scientific research is very active in proposing improvements in the quality and survival of implants, taking into consideration various aspects. The objective of this study was to provide a holistic epidemiologic view of the state of dental implants, using a systematic approach based on a multimethod SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis and AHP (analytical hierarchical process) qualitative–quantitative analysis to identify the characteristics that can determine their success or failure.

Materials and Methods

The study used the hybrid method of SWOT‐AHP.

Results

Analysis of the results showed that among strengths, the skill of the dentist was considered the most important factor, followed by the success of dental implants in the old people; among weaknesses, bruxism and chronic diseases were highlighted; for opportunities, biomechanical behavior, in terms of good mechanical strength and good tribological resistance to chemical and physical agents in the oral cavity, were considered the most important factors; finally, among threats, medical liability and biomechanical problems had equal weight.

Conclusions

This study applied a multimethod SWOT‐AHP approach to bring out favorable or critical evidence on the topic of dental implants. In accordance with the result of the strategic vector identified in the Twisting zone Adjustment type section, showed that implant surgery is a widespread technique but always needs improvement to increase the likelihood of success and reduce the complications that can lead to implant failure.
Comparative analysis of essential oil oleogels containing beeswax and sunflower wax with petrolatum gels
Authors: Çokay Hatice , Uzkuç N. Merve Çelebi , Yüceer Yonca Karagül , Öğütcü Mustafa
Published: March 2024

In this study, three different oil (black seed, St. John's Wort, and grape seed oils [GSO]) oleogels, which are especially used in complementary medicine, were produced with natural waxes (sunflower and beeswax [BW]). The physicochemical, textural, thermal, and structural features and volatile composition of the oleogels were determined and compared with commercial petrolatum gels (control sample). The sunflower and BW gels had a higher melting point than the petrolatum gels. Particularly, the firmness values of the fresh sunflower and BW oleogels were close to the petrolatum gels, except for the BW‐based St John's Wort and GSO gels. The firmness and stickiness values of the oleogels and the control samples increased in relation to the storage period. The increase in firmness value was less in the sunflower wax than in the BW and control samples. All sunflower, BW and petrolatum gels exhibited the β′ form. Volatile component data showed that different waxes have different volatile adsorption capacities. As a result, natural wax oleogels produced with various essential oils could be an alternative to similar products used in the cosmetics, pharmacology, and food supplement industries, which are already commercially available.

Practical applications: (Oleogels have become a popular technique for structuring oils in recent years. In this way, oleogels are considered an alternative to solid fat such as margarine, butter, and shortening and an oil‐restricting agent against oil leakage in oil‐based foods. Consumers establish a close relationship between their own health and the foods they consume and the cosmetics they use. This situation has led to an increasing interest in natural products. Essential oils (EOs) are used in many fields, ranging from cosmetics to complementary medicine. In this context, essential oleogels produced with natural waxes were compared with the commercial products, revealing their potential for use in both cosmetic and food supplements. EO‐oleogels represent a new approach to the oleogel product range with high commercialization potential for related industries.)
A hybrid neural network model based on transfer learning for Arabic sentiment analysis of customer satisfaction
Authors: Bakhit Duha Mohamed Adam , Nderu Lawrence , Ngunyi Antony
Published: March 2024

Sentiment analysis, a method used to classify textual content into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments, is commonly applied to data from social media platforms. Arabic, an official language of the United Nations, presents unique challenges for sentiment analysis due to its complex morphology and dialectal diversity. Compared to English, research on Arabic sentiment analysis is relatively scarce. Transfer learning, which applies the knowledge learned from one domain to another, can address the limitations of training time and computational resources. However, the development of transfer learning for Arabic sentiment analysis is still underdeveloped. In this study, we develop a new hybrid model, RNN‐BiLSTM, which merges recurrent neural networks (RNN) and bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) networks. We used Arabic bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (AraBERT), a state‐of‐the‐art Arabic language pre‐trained transformer‐based model, to generate word‐embedding vectors. The RNN‐BiLSTM model integrates the strengths of RNN and BiLSTM, including the ability to learn sequential dependencies and bidirectional context. We trained the RNN‐BiLSTM model on the source domain, specifically the Arabic reviews dataset (ARD). The RNN‐BiLSTM model outperforms the RNN and BiLSTM models with default parameters, achieving an accuracy of 95.75%. We further applied transfer learning to the RNN‐BiLSTM model by fine‐tuning its parameters using random search. We compared the performance of the fine‐tuned RNN‐BiLSTM model with the RNN and BiLSTM models on two target domain datasets: ASTD and Aracust. The results showed that the fine‐tuned RNN‐BiLSTM model is more effective for transfer learning, achieving an accuracy of 95.44% and 96.19% on the ASTD and Aracust datasets, respectively.
Bridging the gap: Experimental evidence on information provision and health insurance choices
Authors: Quiroga Gutierrez Ana Cecilia , Boes Stefan
Published: March 2024

Previous research has shown that individuals do not always make rational decisions when selecting their health insurance, for example, due to the existence of information frictions or mental gaps. We study the effect of specific types of information provision for decision support on health plan choices and test their potential to improve decision quality by implementing a randomized laboratory experiment. We provide personalized and generic aids, differentiate between numerical and visual decision support, and provide one or two optional formats of personalized information. We find that generic aids have no effect on health plan choices while personalized information leads to better choices as measured by several indicators of decision quality. The largest effects were observed for those who “opted in” to visualize personalized information, with immediate and lasting improvements in health insurance decisions. By reducing information frictions, our results suggest that accessible and easy‐to‐use tools can positively impact health insurance navigation, improve decision‐making, and reduce switching costs.
Retroperitoneal low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Authors: Noguchi Takeaki , Suzuki Takahisa , Shibata Yosuke , Koizumi Mitsuyuki , Osaka Kimito , Kishida Takeshi
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is an uncommon deep‐seated soft‐tissue sarcoma that occurs rarely in young adults and children. Although surgical resection provides a long‐term prognosis, late local recurrence and metastasis may occur.

Case presentation

A 44‐year‐old woman with no prior medical history presented with breathing and abdominal discomfort. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a retroperitoneal tumor protruding into the thoracic cavity and pleural effusion on the left side. Tumor biopsy revealed sarcoma. We performed complete resection of the tumor along with part of the diaphragm and replaced the diaphragm with a prosthetic patch. Histopathologic findings indicated low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. The patient experienced no postoperative complications and received no adjuvant therapy. Furthermore, she survived 4 years after surgery without recurrence.

Conclusion

Complete surgical resection is effective for low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma; therefore, it is important to plan appropriately for complete resection when biopsy reveals malignant findings.
Analysis of missed clinic visits, preferred languages, and telemedicine in a pediatric gastroenterology practice
Authors: Crume Bonnie , Suufi Mohamed , Nabbosa Gloria , Parker‐Hartigan Lori , McBride Ashley , Rufo Paul A. , Crowley McGreggor
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between socioeconomic disparities and missed clinic visits (MCV). However, the relationship between patient‐preferred language and MCVs, particularly with respect to telemedicine, remains relatively underexplored. We sought to characterize the associations between MCV and patient‐level predictors, including preferred language, in a large single‐center pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition practice.

Methods

This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included all missed or completed outpatient visits in the Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Programs at Boston Children's Hospital from January 1, 2016 to May 20, 2022. Univariate and multivariate hierarchical generalized linear mixed models were employed to identify associations between visit‐ and patient‐level predictors and an MCV outcome.

Results

A total of 300,201 visits from 70,710 patients residing in Massachusetts were included. Univariate analyses revealed higher MCV odds for Hispanic patients and those from areas with the highest Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and these odds increased with telemedicine (Hispanic in‐person odds ratio [OR] 5.21 [(95% confidence interval) 4.93–5.52] vs. telemedicine OR 8.79 [7.85–9.83]; highest SVI in‐person OR 5.28 [4.95–5.64] vs. telemedicine OR 7.82 [6.84–8.96]). Controlled multivariate analyses revealed that among six language groups, only Spanish language preference was associated with higher MCV odds, which increased with telemedicine (Spanish in‐person adjusted OR [aOR] 1.35 [1.24–1.48] vs. telemedicine aOR 2.1 [1.83–2.44]).

Conclusions

Patients preferring Spanish experience unique barriers to care beyond those faced by other language preference groups, and telemedicine may exacerbate these barriers.
Data extraction for evidence synthesis using a large language model: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Gartlehner Gerald , Kahwati Leila , Hilscher Rainer , Thomas Ian , Kugley Shannon , Crotty Karen , Viswanathan Meera , Nussbaumer‐Streit Barbara , Booth Graham , Erskine Nathaniel , Konet Amanda , Chew Robert
Published: March 2024

Data extraction is a crucial, yet labor‐intensive and error‐prone part of evidence synthesis. To date, efforts to harness machine learning for enhancing efficiency of the data extraction process have fallen short of achieving sufficient accuracy and usability. With the release of large language models (LLMs), new possibilities have emerged to increase efficiency and accuracy of data extraction for evidence synthesis. The objective of this proof‐of‐concept study was to assess the performance of an LLM (Claude 2) in extracting data elements from published studies, compared with human data extraction as employed in systematic reviews. Our analysis utilized a convenience sample of 10 English‐language, open‐access publications of randomized controlled trials included in a single systematic review. We selected 16 distinct types of data, posing varying degrees of difficulty (160 data elements across 10 studies). We used the browser version of Claude 2 to upload the portable document format of each publication and then prompted the model for each data element. Across 160 data elements, Claude 2 demonstrated an overall accuracy of 96.3% with a high test–retest reliability (replication 1: 96.9%; replication 2: 95.0% accuracy). Overall, Claude 2 made 6 errors on 160 data items. The most common errors (n = 4) were missed data items. Importantly, Claude 2's ease of use was high; it required no technical expertise or labeled training data for effective operation (i.e., zero‐shot learning). Based on findings of our proof‐of‐concept study, leveraging LLMs has the potential to substantially enhance the efficiency and accuracy of data extraction for evidence syntheses.
Hypermobile lateral meniscus: A systematic review of current treatment options
Authors: Vosoughi Fardis , Mafhoumi Asma , Gouravani Mahdi , LaPrade Robert F. , Sherafat Vaziri Arash , Movahedinia Mohammad , Keyhani Sohrab
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The reliable data on the incidence of hypermobile lateral meniscus (HLM) and its clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches are limited. This systematic study aimed to review available treatment options for HLM and the outcomes of each approach.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science) to identify studies in which arthroscopically confirmed cases of HLM were treated surgically or nonsurgically, and the required data comprising study characteristics, patient data, treatment approaches and outcome measures were extracted from eligible studies.

Results

Twenty studies with a total of 212 patients (138 males and 74 females) and 219 knees were included. The most frequently reported symptoms were locking sensations, knee pain, giving way and snapping. Treatments used by the studies were: radiofrequency energy in two studies; arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in one study; open surgery in two studies; and arthroscopic meniscal repair in 17 studies. Eleven studies used an all‐inside repair method and an inside‐out meniscal repair was reported in eight studies. Three studies reported the usage of posterior arthroscopy for therapeutic or diagnostic approaches. Evaluation of symptom resolution was the main outcome measurement for which almost all of the studies stated relief of symptoms after intervention.

Conclusion

Despite the lack of definite consensus about the most appropriate intervention for HLM, therapeutic preference was directed towards arthroscopic all‐inside and inside‐out repair techniques. Although the surgeon's decision remains the key factor in choosing the most suitable treatment option for each individual, posterior arthroscopic meniscal repair may be considered as a better option for HLM treatment according to the findings of this review.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Isometry of anteromedial reconstructions mimicking the deep medial collateral ligament depends on the femoral insertion
Authors: Behrendt Peter , Robinson James R. , Herbst Elmar , Gellhaus Florian , Raschke Michael J. , Seekamp Andreas , Herbort Mirco , Kurz Bodo , Kittl Christoph
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the length change patterns of the native deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL) and potential anteromedial reconstructions (AMs) that might be added to a reconstruction of the superficial MCL (sMCL) to better understand the control of anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI).

Methods

Insertion points of the dMCL and potential AM reconstructions were marked with pins (tibial) and eyelets (femoral) in 11 cadaveric knee specimens. Length changes between the pins and eyelets were then tested using threads in a validated kinematics rig with muscle loading of the quadriceps and iliotibial tract. Between 0° and 100° knee flexion, length change pattern of the anterior, middle and posterior part of the dMCL and simulated AM reconstructions were analysed using a rotary encoder. Isometry was tested using the total strain range (TSR).

Results

The tibiofemoral distance of the anterior dMCL part lengthened with flexion (+12.7% at 100°), whereas the posterior part slackened with flexion (−12.9% at 100°). The middle part behaved almost isometrically (maximum length: +2.8% at 100°). Depending on the femoral position within the sMCL footprint, AM reconstructions resulted in an increase in length as the knee flexed when a more centred position was used, irrespective of the tibial attachment position. Femoral positioning in the posterior aspect of the sMCL footprint exhibited <4% length change and was slightly less tight in flexion (min TSR = 3.6 ± 1.5%), irrespective of the tibial attachment position.

Conclusion

The length change behaviour of potential AM reconstructions in a functionally intact knee is mainly influenced by the position of the femoral attachment, with different tibial attachments having a minimal effect on length change. Surgeons performing AM reconstructions to control AMRI would be advised to choose a femoral graft position in the posterior part of the native sMCL attachment to optimise graft length change behaviour. Given the high frequency of MCL injuries, sufficient restoration of AMRI is essential in isolated and combined ligamentous knee injuries.

Level of Evidence

There is no level of evidence as this study was an experimental laboratory study.
‘One millimetre equals one degree’ is a major source of inaccuracy in planning osteotomies around the knee for metaphyseal deformities compared to the digital planning
Authors: Charre Dimitri , An Jae‐Sung , Khakha Raghbir , Kley Kristian , Şahbat Yavuz , Ollivier Matthieu
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of virtually performed osteotomies around the knee. The comparison was made between the Miniaci method (method 1), considered the gold standard planning, with the widely held dogma that one degree of correction required equates to one millimetre of opening/closing (method 2).

Methods

This retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted between December 2018 and September 2022 in patients aged at least 15 years with metaphyseal knee deformity. Osteotomy planning was performed in methods 1 and 2 utilising calibrated long‐leg alignment X‐rays in the frontal plane. In both methods, the desired correction was defined by the Fujisawa point. The error % in measurement (ratio method 1/method 2) and the difference in millimetres (method 1 − method 2) between the two methods were analysed.

Results

A total of 107 osteotomies with 27 (25.2%) distal femoral osteotomies, 54 (50.5%) proximal tibial osteotomies and 26 (24.3%) double‐level osteotomies were performed virtually with a mean hip–knee–ankle angle of 176.4 ± 6.6. In distal femur osteotomy, the mean error % between methods 1 and 2 was 38.9 ± 16.7% and 22.4 ± 16.8% for the opening and closing groups, respectively. In proximal tibial osteotomies, the mean error % was 22.7 ± 15.6% and 9 ± 10.8% for the opening and closing groups, respectively. In double‐level osteotomy, the mean error % of femur‐based corrections was 34.9 ± 19% and 19.5 ± 21% for the opening and closing groups, respectively, and the mean error of the tibial‐based corrections was 26.4 ± 12.1% for the opening group and 10.8 ± 10% for the closing group, respectively.

Conclusion

Planning one millimeter per degree of desired correction for osteotomies around the knee in metaphyseal deformities is a major source of error when compared with digital planning using the Miniaci method. This was seen most frequently with osteotomies of the distal femur and all opening wedge osteotomies.

Level of Evidence

Level Ⅲ, retrospective cross‐sectional study.
Computational Imaging Encryption with a Steganographic and Holographic Authentication Strategy
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Zhou Qingming , Zhang Lin , Xue Jidong , Xu Bijun , Yu Xinning , Wang Sheng , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: March 2024

Robust data security is of paramount importance, particularly for highly classified information. To achieve this, advanced encryption and decryption methods, along with stringent access control and physical security measures, are essential to mitigate the risk of unauthorized access and data exposure. Ghost imaging (GI), a computational imaging technique that operates indirectly, offers a distinct approach compared to traditional spatially resolved imaging techniques. By utilizing computational algorithms, GI enables indirect image reconstruction, making it well‐suited for encryption applications. This proposal introduces a new computational imaging encryption scheme that combines Fourier ghost imaging (FGI) and computational holography. The scheme utilizes an untrained‐tree‐network to generate two camouflaged computer‐generated holograms (CGHs). Integration of CGH‐based steganography and holographic authentication enhances the encoding and decoding processes of FGI encryption. The effectiveness and security of the proposed scheme are rigorously validated through numerical simulations and optical experiments. The results demonstrate promising potential for effectively merging direct and indirect imaging methods in security applications.
Machine Learning for Engineering Meta‐Atoms with Tailored Multipolar Resonances
Authors: Li Wenhao , Barati Sedeh Hooman , Tsvetkov Dmitrii , Padilla Willie J. , Ren Simiao , Malof Jordan , Litchinitser Natalia M.
Published: March 2024

In the rapidly developing field of nanophotonics, machine learning (ML) methods facilitate the multi‐parameter optimization processes and serve as a valuable technique in tackling inverse design challenges by predicting nanostructure designs that satisfy specific optical property criteria. However, while considerable efforts have been devoted to applying ML for designing the overall spectral response of photonic nanostructures, often without elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms, physics‐based models remain largely unexplored. Here, physics‐empowered forward and inverse ML models to design dielectric meta‐atoms with controlled multipolar responses are introduced. By utilizing the multipole expansion theory, the forward model efficiently predicts the scattering response of meta‐atoms with diverse shapes and the inverse model designs meta‐atoms that possess the desired multipole resonances. Implementing the inverse design model, uniquely shaped meta‐atoms with enhanced higher‐order magnetic resonances and those supporting a super‐scattering regime of light‐matter interactions resulting in nearly five‐fold enhancement of scattering beyond the single‐channel limit are designed. Finally, an ML model to predict the wavelength‐dependent electric field distribution inside and near the meta‐atom is developed. The proposed ML based models will likely facilitate uncovering new regimes of linear and nonlinear light‐matter interaction at the nanoscale as well as a versatile toolkit for nanophotonic design.