bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel insights into the study of goblet cell hypersecretion in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zhu Xiaojia , Cheng Fengli , Duan Hongying , Fu Sirui , Zhao Changqing
Published: January 2025

Goblet cell hypersecretion is a hallmark of airway inflammation and is driven by complex neuroimmune regulation involving submucosal glands and goblet cells. Although studies have focused on mast cell degranulation as a critical driver of nasal secretion, the role of goblet cells in this process is relatively under-researched. In allergic airway inflammation, goblet cells exhibit metaplasia and hypersecretion. However, allergen exposure does not directly trigger goblet cell degranulation, raising questions regarding the underlying mechanisms of these reactions. The activation of enteric neurons promotes goblet cell degranulation by stimulating the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)–receptor active modification protein-1 (RAMP1) axis. Meanwhile, airway goblet cells express various neuropeptide receptors, and their activation by neuropeptides such as substance P and CGRP induces mucus secretion, exacerbating allergic rhinitis-associated hypersecretion. Thus, although previously less recognised, the neuron–goblet cell signalling axis plays a critical role in allergic rhinitis mucus secretion. This review highlights current research on the neuroimmune mechanisms underlying goblet cell metaplasia and degranulation, focusing on allergic rhinitis, so as to guide clinical treatment strategies.
SIRI and SII as potential biomarkers of disease activity and lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yang Chi-Hui , Wang Xin-Yi , Zhang Yi-Hui , Ding Ning
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Inflammation is important in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) are novel clinical markers of inflammation with prognostic value in different diseases. However, the value of SIRI and SII as inflammation predictors in SLE remains unclear. This study explores the SIRI and SII as potential biomarkers for SLE.

Methods

Data from 280 individuals, including newly diagnosed SLE patients and healthy controls, were collected and divided into three groups: SLE without lupus nephritis (NLN) group (n=93), lupus nephritis (LN) group (n=96) and healthy control group (n=91). Differences in SIRI and SII among the three groups were compared. Logistic regression and Pearson linear analysis were used to analyze the predictive value and correlation of SIRI and SII with SLE and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated SIRI and SII in predicting SLE, SLE disease activity, and LN.

Results

The SIRI and SII values were significantly higher in the LN group compared to the NLN group (p<0.01). SII had the largest area under the ROC curve for predicting LN (AUC: 0.6775, 95%CI: 0.6020 - 0.7531). Logistic regression analysis showed SIRI and SII as independent risk factors for LN. Pearson linear analysis indicated SIRI and SII were positively correlated with SLEDAI-2K (rSIRI=0.25, rSII=0.24, p<0.05).

Conclusions

SIRI and SII are biomarkers of disease activity and renal involvement in SLE patients that can be used to evaluate and predict for SLE occurrence, disease activity, and lupus nephritis occurrence assessment.
Advances in intrahepatic and extrahepatic vascular dysregulations in cirrhotic portal hypertension
Authors: Li Yanqiu , Zhu Bingbing , Shi Ke , Lu Yu , Zeng Xuanwei , Li Yongqi , Zhang Qun , Feng Ying , Wang Xianbo
Published: January 2025

Cirrhotic portal hypertension, the most prevalent and clinically significant complication of liver cirrhosis, manifests as elevated portal venous pressure and is associated with severe complications. Although much research on the mechanisms of portal hypertension has focused on liver fibrosis, less attention has been given to the role of intrahepatic and extrahepatic vascular dysfunction, particularly with respect to extrahepatic vasculature. While the role of hepatic fibrosis in cirrhotic portal hypertension is undeniable, the underlying mechanisms involving intrahepatic and extrahepatic vasculature are highly complex. Sinusoidal capillarization and endothelial dysfunction contribute to increased intrahepatic vascular resistance. Hemodynamic changes in the extrahepatic circulation, including splanchnic vasodilation and hyperdynamic circulation, play a significant role in the development of portal hypertension. Additionally, therapeutic strategies targeting these vascular mechanisms are diverse, including improvement of sinusoidal microcirculation, therapies targeting hepatic stellate cells activation, and pharmacological modulation of systemic vascular tone. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the vascular-related mechanisms and treatment progress of portal hypertension in cirrhosis to provide a new theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical treatment.
Development and validation of a prediction model for acute kidney injury following cardiac valve surgery
Authors: Jia Xiaotong , Ma Jun , Qi Zeyou , Zhang Dongni , Gao Junwei
Published: January 2025

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) often accompanies cardiac valve surgery, and worsens patient outcome. The aim of our study is to identify preoperative and intraoperative independent risk factors for AKI in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery. Using these factors, we developed a risk prediction model for AKI after cardiac valve surgery and conducted external validation.

Methods

Our retrospective study recruited 497 adult patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery as a derivation cohort between February and August 2023. Patient demographics, including medical history and perioperative clinical information, were acquired, and patients were classified into one of two cohorts, AKI and non-AKI, according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. Using binary logistic stepwise regression analysis, we identified independent AKI risk factors after cardiac valve surgery. Lastly, we constructed a nomogram and conducted external validation in a validation cohort comprising 200 patients. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

In the derivation cohort, 172 developed AKI (34.6%). Relative to non-AKI patients, the AKI patients exhibited elevated postoperative complication incidences and worse outcome. Based on multivariate analysis, advanced age (OR: 1.855; p = 0.011), preoperative hypertension (OR: 1.91; p = 0.017), coronary heart disease (OR: 6.773; p < 0.001), preoperative albumin (OR: 0.924; p = 0.015), D-Dimer (OR: 1.001; p = 0.038), plasma creatinine (OR: 1.025; p = 0.001), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration (OR: 1.011; p = 0.001), repeat CPB (OR: 6.195; p = 0.010), intraoperative red blood cell transfusion (OR: 2.560; p < 0.001), urine volume (OR: 0.406 p < 0.001) and vasoactive–inotropic score (OR: 1.135; p = 0.009) were independent risk factors for AKI. The AUC of the nomogram in the derivation and validation cohorts were 0.814 (95%CI: 0.775–0.854) and 0.798 (95%CI: 0.726–0.871), respectively. Furthermore, the calibration curve revealed that the predicted outcome was in agreement with the actual observations. Finally, the DCA curves showed that the nomogram had a good clinical applicability value.

Conclusion

Several perioperative factors modulate AKI development following cardiac valve surgery, resulting in poor patient prognosis. The proposed AKI predictive model is both sensitive and precise, and can assist in high-risk patient screening in the clinics.
Individualized diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease based on multivariate magnetic resonance imaging radiomics and clinical indexes
Authors: Ye Qianqian , Lin Chenhui , Xiao Fangyi , Jiang Tao , Hou Jialong , Zheng Yi , Xu Jiaxue , Huang Jiani , Chen Keke , Cai Jinlai , Qian Jingjing , Quan Weiwei , Chen Yanyan
Published: January 2025

Objective

To explore MRI-based radiomics models, integrating clinical characteristics, for differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) to evaluate their diagnostic performance.

Methods

A total of 256 participants [153 PD, 103 healthy controls (HCs)] from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical Hospital, were enrolled as the training set, and 120 subjects (74 PD, 46 HCs) from the PPMI dataset served as the test set. Radiomics features were extracted from structural MRI (T1WI and T2-FLair). Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were developed using MRI radiomics data from both monomodal and multimodal radiomics models. The clinical-radiomics model was constructed by integrating clinical variables, including UPDRS, Hoehn-Yahr stage, age, sex, and MMSE scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the performance of the models. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to access the clinical usefulness of the models.

Results

In the training set, the T2-FLair and T1WI radiomics model achieved an AUC of 0.896 (95% CI, 0.812–0.900) and 0.899 (95% CI, 0.818–0.908), respectively. The double-sequence radiomics model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.965 (95% CI, 0.885–0.978) in the training set and an AUC of 0.852 (95% CI, 0.748–0.910) in the test set. The integrated clinical-radiomics model showed enhanced diagnostic accuracy, with AUC = 0.983 (95% CI, 0.897–0.996) in the training set and AUC = 0.837 (95% CI, 0.786–0.902) in the test set. Rad-scores derived from the radiomics model were significantly correlated with diagnostic outcomes (P < 0.001). DCA confirmed the substantial clinical usefulness of the clinical-radiomics integrated model.

Conclusion

The integrated clinical-radiomics model offered superior diagnostic performance compared to models based relying solely on imaging or clinical data, underscoring its potential as a non-invasive and effective tool in routine clinical practice for the early diagnosis of PD.
Adeno-associated virus mediated artificial circular RNA for triggering cancer immunotherapy to treat prostate cancer
Authors: Ye Chujin , Liu Zhiye , Xie Qifan , Tang Yanlin , Zeng Jiayi , Feng Ziwei , Liu Jiumin , Xie Haibiao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Specifically regulating endogenous molecules is a potential molecular therapeutic strategy. Naturally occurring circular RNAs (circRNAs) are structurally stable and have been proved to serve as highly efficient miR-sponges and protein-sponges in cancer cells.

Methods

We chemically synthesized circRNA (ScircRNA) in vitro to achieve therapeutic dysfunction by targeting specific miRNAs. RNase R and fetal bovine serum were used to evaluate the stability of ScircRNAs. In prostate cancer cell lines, the competitive inhibition of the ScircRNA on miR-375 and miR-21 activity was evaluated using luciferase report gene, cell proliferation, and apoptosis assays.

Results

We found that ScircRNAs were more resistant to nuclease digestion and more effective inhibiting target miRNAs than linear RNA sponges. The ScircRNAs inhibited malignant phenotype of prostate cancer by specifically inhibiting the activity of miR-21 and miR-375. In addition, we used the ScircRNA inhibiting CDK5 expression to trigger T-cell mediated cancer immunotherapy for treating prostate cancer in vivo.

Discussion

The ScircRNAs possessed the advantages of stable structure and simple construction, and can specifically inhibit the function of target miRNAs, which has a potential therapeutic application prospect in prostate cancer.
The growth diversity of preterm infants at 0–36 months corrected age in China: a real-world observational study
Authors: Wang Xia , Feng Shuwen , Yang Pu , Wang Yuxin , Wei Cong , Zheng Junwen , Liu Pin , Liao Lihong , Yang Xiao , Xu Peibin , Bian Junmei , Luo Xiaoping , Zhang Yuanzhen , Zhao Dongchi
Published: January 2025

Background

Premature delivery interrupts the natural growth of the fetus. The postnatal healthy management of preterm infants still follows term standards after a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 40 weeks and there is a lack of research on the longitudinal dynamic postnatal growth tracks of preterm infants.

Methods

Based on the database established by the Wuhan University Internet+ Early Childhood Development Alliance in China, information on preterm infants, including birth registration and health follow-ups from 2016 to 2022, was incorporated into the health management system. Standardized anthropometric measurements of preterm infants were recorded from birth to a corrected age (CA) of 36 months. A generalized additive model based on location, scale, and shape was used to establish the percentile values and growth curves.

Results

In total, 79,514 preterm infants were included in this study, and the birth weights at each gestational age (GA) were similar to Chinese standards. When evaluated by term birth weight, we found that the proportions of extrauterine growth retardation at a PMA of 40 weeks were all above 10% in the GA ≤34-week groups and reached between 17.19% and 55.56% in very preterm infants (VPIs). There was a high incidence of preterm infants with a weight below the third percentile in VPIs when referring to term standards at CAs of 0, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months (p < 0.001). We established natural growth curves of the preterm population with different GAs between CAs of 0 and 36 months, which indicated that the weight/length of late preterm infants was close to term standards while the growth trajectory of VPIs consistently lagged behind (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study revealed the different growth trajectories of preterm infants with different GAs. A set of growth curves and percentile values for preterm infants of different GAs between CAs of 0 and 36 months were established, offering an optional method for growth assessment of this special population.
Effects of nest locations on foraging behavior and physiological responses in seabird colony
Authors: Mizutani Yuichi , Goto Yusuke , Shoji Akiko , Yoda Ken
Published: January 2025

Breeding success and survival in colonial seabirds are influenced by nest location, physical surroundings, and external disturbances. Nest location may also directly or indirectly affect individual foraging behavior and physiological conditions, shaping reproductive success and survival. Despite these influences, few studies have integrated the analysis of nest location, behavior, and physiological status. In this study, we analyzed 20 black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) nesting in the center of a colony within a protected area (Central Group, CG) and five gulls on the periphery outside the protected area, where human disturbance is frequent (Peripheral Group, PG). Using GPS movement trajectories and physiological indicators, we found that although clutch sizes were similar between the CG and PG, the PG exhibited shorter foraging trip durations, maximum distances from the nest, and a lower daily frequency of foraging trips. Antioxidant capacity did not differ between the groups; however, oxidation levels were lower in the PG. These behavioral and physiological differences associated with nest location may partly result from the incubation period influenced by human activity. The PG individuals remained in the peripheral group for at least 2 years (some for over 15 years), with all reproductive attempts failing, suggesting consistently low reproductive success. However, reduced foraging activity and lower oxidative stress levels reflect an energy-saving strategy that may mitigate the costs of repeated breeding failures. These findings suggest a potential life-history trade-off, in which individuals prioritize survival over reproductive success. This highlights how external disturbances and nest location can shape energy allocation strategies within a colony’s peripheral-central distribution.
Regulatory mechanism analysis of signal transduction genes during rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) germination under aluminum stress using WGCNA combination with QTL
Authors: Li Chenyang , Wang Ruili , Li Jiana , Zhou Qingyuan , Cui Cui
Published: January 2025

As soil becomes more acidic, aluminum toxicity has emerged as a key issue impacting seed germination and crop productivity in such environments. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the mechanism of the influence of aluminum stress on germination. In this study, we focused on one of the major bioenergy crops—rapeseed. Seeds of aluminum-sensitive (S) and aluminum-resistant (R) lines screened from the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of rapeseed were treated with 80 µg·ml-1 AlCl3 (ST, RT). Purified water served as the control (SC, RC). On the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after treatment, the root tissue was collected for transcriptome sequencing. Utilizing MapMan software, the genes showing differential expression in S and R lines were assigned to the aluminum stress signaling pathway, resulting in the identification of 1036 genes. By weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), five co-expressed gene modules associated with aluminum stress were discovered. A total of 332 candidate genes were screened by combining the genes related to aluminum stress signal transduction pathways with the module hub genes. Among them, 26 key genes were located in quantitative trait loci (QTL) with confidence intervals for germination-related traits of rapeseed under aluminum stress, and primarily distributed in 11 QTL regions, such as qRDW-A09-1, qRDW-A10-1 and qRGV-A01-2, they were associated with relative root length (RRL), relative root dry weight (RDW), relative germination vigor (RGV) and relative bud length (RBL). The roles included transcription regulation, stress protein production, redox processes, hormone signaling, cell wall alteration, and calcium-based signal transmission. Compared with the R line, the S line exhibited quicker and stronger activation of genes related to aluminum stress signal transduction, suggesting that the S line was more responsive to aluminum stress. This research offers an empirical basis for identifying aluminum-resistant rapeseed varieties and investigating the molecular regulation of aluminum tolerance during germination.
Future anxiety, depression and stress among undergraduate students: psychological flexibility and emotion regulation as mediators
Authors: Öztekin Gülçin Güler , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Yıldırım Murat
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Mental health and wellbeing are fundamental and integral components of healthy functioning, and psychological resources significantly contribute to its maintenance and enhancement. This study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of psychological flexibility and emotion regulation in the association between future anxiety, depression, and stress.

Methods

A total of 528 undergraduate students participated in this study (M = 20.14, SD = 1.76).

Results

The findings of the study showed that future anxiety was negatively associated with psychological flexibility and cognitive reappraisal, and positively associated with expressive suppression, depression and stress. Psychological flexibility and cognitive reappraisal had negative relationships with depression and stress, and expressive suppression had a positive relationship with depression and stress. The associations between future anxiety, depression and stress were mediated by psychological flexibility, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression.

Discussion

This study deepened our understanding of the possible mechanisms of depression and stress. For individuals suffering from future anxiety, psychological flexibility and emotion regulation may be a coping strategy that leads individuals to less depression and stress. This study suggests that psychological flexibility and emotion regulation skills are fundamental aspects of psychological health.
Well-being balance and lived experiences: understanding the impact of life situations on human flourishing
Authors: Brydges Christopher R. , Thérond Alexandra , Norris Troy W.
Published: January 2025

Background

This study aimed to determine the most significant indicators of positive well-being and understand differences in sources of well-being across different life situations, age groups, genders, and income levels, utilizing a novel measure of positive well-being, the Well-being Balance and Lived Experiences (WBAL) Assessment, which evaluates the frequency of various positive experiences and feelings across a range of activation and arousal levels that have previously been demonstrated to affect subjective well-being and human flourishing.

Methods

A sample of 496 evaluable subjects aged 20-69 and census-balanced for gender were recruited from a U.S. population panel. Differences in well-being and sources of well-being were analyzed across subgroups via MANOVA analysis followed by post-hoc ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD analyses using Cohen’s d to determine size and direction of effects between categorical subgroups.

Results

Life situations, including relationship, parenting and employment status, were shown to have a more significant effect on overall well-being than the demographic variables of age, gender and household income. Reported well-being improved significantly with life situations, including companionate relationships (d=0.38, p<0.001) and parenting (d=0.35, p<0.001), that provide greater opportunities for more frequent social connection (d’s=0.25, p<0.01 to 0.62, p<0.001) and purposeful contribution to others’ well-being (d’s=0.34 to 0.71, p<0.001), associated with increased feelings of significance (d’s=0.40 to 0.45, p<0.001) and efficacy (d’s=0.37 to 0.44, p<0.001). An age-related positivity effect was observed, with older adults reporting more frequent positive feelings than younger age groups (d=0.31, p<0.01). Measures of mindset positivity, variety of positive experiences and feelings, and frequency and range of positive feelings across arousal levels each corresponded closely with overall well-being.

Conclusion

Life situations, including relationship, parenting and employment status, had a more broad and significant effect on wellbeing than age, gender or income. Across life situations, purposeful contribution and social connection, with associated feelings of efficacy and significance were key drivers of differences in well-being. Mindset positivity and variety of positive experiences and feelings correspond closely with overall well-being. Findings from this study can help guide the design and implementation of intervention programs to improve well-being for individuals and targeted subgroups, demonstrating the utility of the WBAL Assessment to evaluate discrete modifiable sources of positive well-being.
Review of the aetiologies of central nervous system infections in Vietnam
Authors: Brindle Hannah E. , Choisy Marc , Christley Robert , French Neil , Griffiths Michael , Thai Pham Quang , van Doorn H. Rogier , Nadjm Behzad
Published: January 2025

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Vietnam, with many studies conducted to determine the aetiology. However, the cause remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. Although a systematic review of the aetiologies of CNS infections was conducted in the Mekong region, there are no known published reviews of the studies specifically in Vietnam. Here, we review the cause of CNS infections in Vietnam while also considering the potential aetiologies where a cause was not identified, based on the literature from the region. In particular, we focus on the most common pathogens in adults and children including Streptococcus suis which is associated with the consumption of raw pig products, and Japanese encephalitis virus, a mosquito-borne pathogen. We also discuss pathogens less commonly known to cause CNS infections in Vietnam but have been detected in neighbouring countries such as Orientia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi and Leptospira species and how these may contribute to the unknown causes in Vietnam. We anticipate that this review may help guide future public health measures to reduce the burden of known pathogens and broaden testing to help identify additional aetiologies.
Unveiling the psychosocial and academic implications of living with sickle cell disease among undergraduates in a private university in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Olumide T. , Folaranmi Olufemi , Olasinde Yetunde , Ayuba Larry , Adeleke Oludamola V. , Ojo-Rufai Modupe M. , Agelebe Efeturi , Adeoye Oyelola E. , Olabode Aderemi T. , Ajala Dolapo E. , Akingbola Titilola S.
Published: January 2025

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD), a disease characterized with abnormal red blood cell morphology and is associated with diverse clinical manifestations and contribute to many psychosocial problems like social stigma, strained relationships and reduced self-esteem. SCD is highly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria having the largest burden. This qualitative study is aimed at exploring possible psychosocial and academic challenges associated with sickle cell disease among undergraduates in Nigeria.

Methods

From September 2023 to February 2024, the authors conducted an exploratory descriptive study using in-depth interviews among 22 undergraduate students with SCD at Bowen University, Osun State, Nigeria, employing an in-depth interviewer guide. Ethical approval was obtained from Bowen University Ethical Review Board prior to the conduct of the study. The data was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Six (6) distinct themes emerged from the research data and each of the themes was linked to the study objectives. Many of the participants expressed disruption of academic activities by frequent SCD crisis. This negatively affected their academic performance, and sometimes led to feelings of frustration. Furthermore, the recurrent battles with pain due to vascular occlusion took a toll on their emotional and psychological health. They also experienced stigmatization and strained interpersonal relationships which negatively influenced their mental well-being. Conversely, some SCD patients enjoy some social support from colleagues and family members which gives hope and succor to them during difficult times.

Conclusion

This study reveals that undergraduates with SCD face various academic and psychosocial challenges that affect their overall performance. The findings underscored the need for increased awareness, support, and understanding to better assist undergraduates with SCD in managing their health and academic responsibilities effectively. Considering the chronic nature of SCD and its myriads of psychosocial and academic challenges, measures should be put in place to mitigate the challenges and enable them to live a fulfilling life.
Community engagement in the development of bioenergy projects from cellulosic urban waste feedstock in Hawaii for sustainable aviation fuel
Authors: Rush Leslie , Simonpietri Joelle , Kukac Naomi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the research project was to reveal the perceptions of residents and communities of the City and County of Honolulu concerning bioenergy projects, feedstock, and sustainable aviation fuel. The perception study was conducted via community-scale surveys, interviews, and town meetings to gather feedback on the preliminary design of a proposed bioenergy project, including feedstock choice and the need for sustainable aviation fuel in Hawaii. Residents on the west side of Oahu were targeted due to their proximity to the proposed plant site location. Findings from this study aim to identify resident perceptions, understanding, and desire for bioenergy projects and new infrastructure to, improve the energy efficiency and sustainability of Hawaiian islands. While Hawaii has created policies and mandates to move toward 100% renewable energy sources by 2045, the focus has been predominately on renewable electricity, largely overlooking other sustainable energy options such as sustainable aviation fuel. There is a lack of research on the community engagement and perceptions of Hawaiian residents on bioenergy projects and sustainable aviation fuel, contributing to the low adoption of bioenergy projects on the islands. Insights from this study aim to add literature on the need for community engagement in the design process, the importance of accepting new sustainable infrastructure, and the production and use of sustainable aviation fuels.
Enjoyment of spinning exercise performed in a group session as compared to an individual session
Authors: Beck Katrine Trøstrup , Lowater Karoline Sofie , Rafn Jan , Hansen Ernst Albin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The degree of perceived enjoyment of performed physical activity may be a key aspect with relevance for the effort to get people to be physically active. Spinning, or indoor cycling, is a widespread physical activity that can be performed in a group or individually. The effect of the group element on the enjoyment of spinning remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that enjoyment was greater during spinning exercise performed in a group session as compared to individually.

Methods

Twenty recreationally active persons (56 ± 6 years, 1.74 ± 0.09 m, 81.0 ± 14.7 kg, and BMI of 26.5 ± 3.7) performed 44-min group and individual instructor-led spinning sessions. Values of power output, heart rate, and cadence were recorded during the sessions. Perceived enjoyment of the exercise was determined by means of a questionnaire (PACES-8) after the exercise.

Results

Values of power output, heart rate, and cadence were not different between the two sessions. Enjoyment was statistically significantly greater by 1.4 ± 2.1 points (p = 0.005) during spinning performed in a group session as compared to individually. As a reference framework, 56 points is the maximal sum score.

Conclusions

The difference in enjoyment between conditions was modest and clinically insignificant. In other words, the group element of the spinning session was considered to be of minor importance for the participants' perception of enjoyment.
Prediction of football injuries using GPS-based data in Iranian professional football players: a machine learning approach
Authors: Saberisani Reza , Barati Amir Hossein , Zarei Mostafa , Santos Paulo , Gorouhi Armin , Ardigò Luca Paolo , Nobari Hadi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The study aims to assess and compare the predictive effectiveness of football-related injuries using external load data and a decision tree classification algorithm by unidimensional approach.

Methods

The sample consisted of 25 players from one of the 16 teams participating in the Persian Gulf Pro League during the 2022--2023 season. Player injury data and raw GPS data from all training and competition sessions throughout the football league season were gathered (214 training sessions and 34 competition sessions). The acute-tochronic workload ratio was calculated separately for each variable using a ratio of 1:3 weeks. Finally, the decision tree algorithm with machine learning was utilised to assess the predictive power of injury occurrence based on the acute-to-chronic workload ratio.

Results

The results showed that the variable of the number of decelerations had the highest predictive power compared to other variables [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.91, recall = 87.5%, precision = 58.3%, accuracy = 94.7%].

Conclusion

Although none of the selected external load variables in this study had high predictive power (AUC > 0.95), due to the high predictive power of injury of the number of deceleration variables compared with other variables, the necessity of attention and management of this variable as a risk factor for injury occurrence is essential for preventing future injuries.
Effects of yeast culture on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal microbiota structure in Simmental beef cattle
Authors: Li Xueqiang , An Nan , Chen Hui , Liu Dacheng
Published: January 2025

Introduction

As functional feed additives, yeast cultures have been applied in animal husbandry and shown a wide range of good efficacy. This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of yeast culture (YC) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal microbiota structure in beef cattle.

Methods

Forty Simmental bulls were randomly divided into two groups, including the control group fed with Total mixed ration (TMR) and YC group fed with TMR supplemented with 2% YC, for 60 days. Serum samples were collected on the 1st, 30th, and 60th days, respectively, while feces 3 days before the end of the test.

Results

Results showed that YC addition significantly elevated average daily gain and reduced feed to weight ratio of beef cattle. The enzyme activities of total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase in the serum in YC group obviously increased, while the malondialdehyde content distinctly decreased. Furthermore, YC feeding significantly enhanced the immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, IgM levels, lysozyme content, alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as the contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and interferon-γ in the cattle serum. The Shannon and Observed species indexes of fecal samples in YC group were remarkably higher than those in the control group, with the former group exhibiting a significant increase in the relative abundance of Paraprevotellace_CF231 and Peptostreptococcaceae_Clostridium at the genus level, while the relative abundance of Spirochaetaceae_Treponema decreased significantly. Moreover, the abundance of Clostridium and CF231 was positively associated with the levels of serum antioxidant capacity and immune function indicator contents.

Discussion

In conclusion, YC could obviously improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal microbiota structure in Simmental beef cattle. These results provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of such yeast fermented preparations in beef cattle husbandry.
Brazilian livestock extensionists attitudes toward different fates for male dairy calves
Authors: De-Sousa Karolini Tenffen , Benetton Juliana Bernardes , Pinheiro Machado Filho Luiz Carlos , Hötzel Maria José
Published: January 2025

Male calves are not economically attractive for most dairy farms in the current system and are therefore considered surplus in the dairy industry. The issue has gained growing attention in many countries, due to economic and animal welfare implications. It is known that livestock extensionists play a crucial role in facilitating change and promoting sustainable practices among the farming community. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of Brazilian dairy extensionist regarding three potential solutions to the issue of male dairy calves: the use of sexed semen, rearing for beef, and culling at birth. Livestock extensionists from different regions of Brazil (n = 344) participated in an online survey and answered closed (multiple choice and Likert scale) and open questions. Most participants (63%) were male, 61% with ages ranging from 19 to 35 years old and 49% held a graduate education in veterinary medicine. The practice of culling male calves was generally rejected as unethical, while the use of sexed semen to reduce the birth of males was seen as having positive ethical (75%), environmental (77%), and animal welfare (81%) implications. However, participants considered it difficult to implement in small farms due to its high cost. Raising male calves for beef production was perceived as more economically viable for small and medium size (49%) than for large dairy farms (32%). In general, participants considered the fate of male dairy calves a complex issue, suggesting the need for more than one alternative to address it effectively. However, extensionists acknowledged not discussing the topic with farmers, indicating a potential lack of awareness or interest in the issue. It is possible that participants may not have received sufficient training or engaged in discussions on animal welfare issues, as this is a relatively new subject during their professional development. The nascent nature of the issue in Brazil emphasizes the need for comprehensive education and knowledge exchange initiatives in the industry, to ensure that practitioners are well-prepared to adopt best practices in male calf management. This may foster local discourse on the topic and the development of contextualized knowledge, a crucial step for addressing aspects of dairy farming sustainability.
Design and Optimization of Stacked Wideband On-Body Antenna with Parasitic Elements and Defected Ground Structure for Biomedical Applications Using SB-SADEA Method
Authors: Amador Mariana , Akinsolu Mobayode O. , Hua Qiang , Cardoso João , Albuquerque Daniel , Pinho Pedro
Published: January 2025

The ability to measure vital signs using electromagnetic waves has been extensively investigated as a less intrusive method capable of assessing different biosignal sources while using a single device. On-body antennas, when directly coupled to the human body, offer a comfortable and effective alternative for daily monitoring. Nonetheless, on-body antennas are challenging to design primarily due to the high dielectric constant of body tissues. While the simulation process may often include a body model, a unique model cannot account for inter-individual variability, leading to discrepancies in measured antenna parameters. A potential solution is to increase the antenna’s bandwidth, guaranteeing the antenna’s impedance matching and robustness for all users. This work describes a new on-body microstrip antenna having a stacked structure with parasitic elements, designed and optimized using artificial intelligence (AI). By using an AI-driven design approach, a self-adaptive Bayesian neural network surrogate-model-assisted differential evolution for antenna optimization (SB-SADEA) method to be specific, and a stacked structure having parasitic elements and a defected ground structure with 27 tuneable design parameters, the simulated impedance bandwidth of the on-body antenna was successfully enhanced from 150 MHz to 1.3 GHz, while employing a single and simplified body model in the simulation process. Furthermore, the impact of inter-individual variability on the measured S-parameters was analyzed. The measured results relative to ten subjects revealed that for certain subjects, the SB-SADEA-optimized antenna’s bandwidth reached 1.6 GHz.
The Cell Biologist Potential of Cytomegalovirus to Solve Biogenesis and Maintenance of the Membrane Recycling System
Authors: Lučin Pero , Mahmutefendić Lučin Hana
Published: January 2025

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen that extensively remodels the nucleus and cytosol of an infected cell to establish a productive infection [...]
Recent Advances in Scaling up Bioelectrochemical Systems: A Review
Authors: Corona-Martínez Diego A. , Martínez-Amador Silvia Y. , Rodríguez-De la Garza José A. , Laredo-Alcalá Elan I. , Pérez-Rodríguez Pedro
Published: January 2025

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are devices capable of converting chemical energy into electrical energy using microorganisms as catalysts. These systems have been extensively studied at the laboratory level, but, due to multiple difficulties, their large-scale implementation has been explored only sparingly. This study presents the most recent technological advances for scaling up BESs. In the same way, the main technical and economic challenges that hinder the correct implementation of these systems at a large scale are mentioned. The study concludes with a review of successful case studies in scaling up BESs and discusses future directions and emerging trends.
Response Assessment in Long-Term Glioblastoma Survivors Using a Multiparametric MRI-Based Prediction Model
Authors: de Godoy Laiz Laura , Rajan Archith , Banihashemi Amir , Patel Thara , Desai Arati , Bagley Stephen , Brem Steven , Chawla Sanjeev , Mohan Suyash
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Early treatment response assessments are crucial, and the results are known to better correlate with prognosis and survival outcomes. The present study was conducted to differentiate true progression (TP) from pseudoprogression (PsP) in long-term-surviving glioblastoma patients using our previously established multiparametric MRI-based predictive model, as well as to identify clinical factors impacting survival outcomes in these patients. Methods: We report six patients with glioblastoma that had an overall survival longer than 5 years. When tumor specimens were available from second-stage surgery, histopathological analyses were used to classify between TP (>25% characteristics of malignant neoplasms; n = 2) and PsP (<25% characteristics of malignant neoplasms; n = 2). In the absence of histopathology, modified RANO criteria were assessed to determine the presence of TP (n = 1) or PsP (n = 1). The predictive probabilities (PPs) of tumor progression were measured from contrast-enhancing regions of neoplasms using a multiparametric MRI-based prediction model. Subsequently, these PP values were used to define each lesion as TP (PP ≥ 50%) or PsP (PP < 50%). Additionally, detailed clinical information was collected. Results: Our predictive model correctly identified all patients with TP (n = 3) and PsP (n = 3) cases, reflecting a significant concordance between histopathology/modified RANO criteria and PP values. The overall survival varied from 5.1 to 12.3 years. Five of the six glioblastoma patients were MGMT promoter methylated. All patients were female, with a median age of 56 years. Moreover, all six patients had a good functional status (KPS ≥ 70), underwent near-total/complete resection, and received alternative therapies. Conclusions: Multiparametric MRI can aid in assessing treatment response in long-term-surviving glioblastoma patients.
Point Cloud Vibration Compensation Algorithm Based on an Improved Gaussian–Laplacian Filter
Authors: Du Wanhe , Yang Xianfeng , Yang Jinghui
Published: January 2025

In industrial environments, steel plate surface inspection plays a crucial role in quality control. However, vibrations during laser scanning can significantly impact measurement accuracy. While traditional vibration compensation methods rely on complex dynamic modeling, they often face challenges in practical implementation and generalization. This paper introduces a novel point cloud vibration compensation algorithm that combines an improved Gaussian–Laplacian filter with adaptive local feature analysis. The key innovations include (1) an FFT-based vibration factor extraction method that effectively identifies vibration trends, (2) an adaptive windowing strategy that automatically adjusts based on local geometric features, and (3) a weighted compensation mechanism that preserves surface details while reducing vibration noise. The algorithm demonstrated significant improvements in signal-to-noise ratio: 15.78% for simulated data, 6.81% for precision standard parts, and 12.24% for actual industrial measurements. Experimental validation confirms the algorithm’s effectiveness across different conditions. This approach achieved a practical, implementable solution for surface inspection in steel plate surface inspection.
Frequency Regulation for High Wind Penetration Power System Based on Ocean Predator Algorithm Considering Storage Battery State
Authors: Hu Yingjie , Wang Chenggen , Zou Xiaoming
Published: January 2025

The high penetration and uncertainty of renewable energy sources, such as wind, in modern power systems make traditional automatic generation control (AGC) methods more challenging. In order to improve the frequency stability of the power system under the high proportion of wind power penetration, the inherent fast-response characteristics of energy storage allow bidirectional adjustments with the system. However, storage power becomes insufficient when the state of charge (SOC) approaches its upper or lower limits, at this time, it is difficult to take into account both the state of charge protection of the energy storage and the effect of frequency regulation. Based on the purpose of testing the grid frequency containment reserve (FCR) performance and efficient use of frequency modulation resources, this paper proposes a wind power high penetration system frequency modulation control strategy considering the storage state of charge by constructing a two-zone automatic generation control system model containing wind power, using an improved adaptive ocean predator algorithm to optimise the frequency modulation responsibility allocation method in real time, and formulating a real-time management scheme for storage state of charge. Finally, the different control strategies are compared and analysed by MATLAB 2018b/Simulink under different loads and wind speeds, and their effectiveness is verified by the frequency offset and state of charge offset, so as to optimise the effect of frequency modulation while maintaining the state of charge of energy storage.
Magnetic Noise Mitigation Strategies for the Einstein Telescope Infrastructure
Authors: Garaventa Barbara , Armato Federico , Chincarini Andrea , Fiori Irene
Published: January 2025

The Einstein Telescope (ET) will be a third-generation Gravitational Wave (GW) detector that will tackle cutting-edge technological challenges. The ET will be constructed at a depth of 200–300 m to isolate it from vibrations caused by seismic waves and human activities, which are sources of noise for GW detection. To meet the ET’s objectives, it will be necessary to improve low-frequency sensitivity by about two orders of magnitude compared to current interferometers (LIGO, Virgo). Magnetic noise is a limiting noise in the frequency range from a few Hz up to around 100 Hz in future GW detectors. This article will discuss the magnetic noise mitigation strategies under development, based on experiences from Virgo.
Phenolics Profile and Phenol-Related Enzyme Activities in Cucumber Plants Under Ni Stress
Authors: Gajewska Ewa , Witusińska Aleksandra , Kornaś Andrzej , Wielanek Marzena
Published: January 2025

Ni phytotoxicity has been attributed to its multidirectional detrimental effects on plant cell structure and function. However, relatively little is known about Ni’s impact on phenolic metabolism in plants. The objective of our study was to obtain insight into the effect of Ni treatment on phenolic compound composition, phenol-related enzyme activities, and lignin accumulation in cucumber plants. Besides growth reduction, the chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents as well as the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, namely, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II and non-photochemical quenching, were significantly decreased in the Ni-treated cucumber plants. Application of Ni resulted in changes in the phenolic acid and flavonoid profiles; however, the total content of the detected phenolic compounds remained unchanged in the leaf and slightly decreased in the root. The Ni-induced release of free phenolic acids from their conjugates was found in the leaf. Ni treatment led to a marked increase in leaf peroxidase activities assayed with various phenolic substrates, while it did not influence phenyl ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities. Increased lignin deposition was observed in the leaf blade of Ni-exposed plants. Neither lignin accumulation nor induction of peroxidase activities were found in the root. Our results indicate that the Ni effect on phenolic compound composition and related enzyme activities is organ-specific. The observed changes in the content of individual compounds might result rather from the metal-triggered conversions of the compounds constitutively present in the cucumber tissues than from de novo synthesis.