bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of the interplay between vitamins, antibiotics, and gut microbiota on the pathogenesis and progression of dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prajjwal Priyadarshi , Inban Pugazhendi , Sai Valleru Pushkar , Shiny Karnati Susannah , Lam Justin Riley , John Jobby , Sulaimanov Mukhamed , Tekuru Yogesh , Wasi ul Haq Muhammad , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Sivarajan Venu vasanthi , Amir Hussin Omniat
Published: January 2024

Background

Given that there is already evidence of a neural network that connects the brain and gut and that the gut microbiota actively modulates gut health, it is crucial to know which foods, supplements, and medications to use or avoid when treating any disease that causes dementia or cognitive impairment. Previous research has examined the relationships between vitamins, antibiotics, and gut microbiota and the correlations between these factors and dementia. The question arises of how these three factors interact together and if evidence suggests one element is more important than the others in the pathogenesis and development of dementia.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) standards were followed when conducting this review. The papers' publication dates varied from (2012−2022). Cochrane/EMBASE, PEDro, and PubMed/Medline databases were searched. The precise terms “gut microbiota,” vitamins,” antibiotics,” and “dementia” were included in the search method, along with the conjunctions “OR” and “AND.”

Results

Gut dysbiosis has a significant impact on cognition, brain function, and the development and progression of dementia. The two most popular probiotics used in studies linked to cognition benefits were Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Numerous scales were used to evaluate cognition, but the mini‐mental state examination was the most popular, and the most prevalent impairment was Alzheimer's disease. The supplements with the most significant impact on gut microbiota were vitamin B‐12 and folic acid.

Conclusion

This systematic review concluded that vitamins, gut microbiota and antibiotics have a close association with the development of dementia. More research is required to establish causality and elucidate the underlying mechanisms because there is still little evidence connecting the interactions of vitamins, medications, and microbiota with dementia. The complexity of interactions between genetics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities, as well as the heterogeneity of dementia, may make it more challenging to interpret the findings.
Improving the reproductive health literacy of couples on the verge of marriage through the FOCUS‐PDCA model: Mixed‐method study
Authors: Dabiri Fatemeh , Hajian Sepideh , Zayeri Farid , Hosseini Teshnizi Saeed , Abbasi Fashami Mahta
Published: January 2024

Background & Aims

Education and counseling during marriage is an opportunity to raise some issues needed by couples on the verge of marriage. This study was conducted with the aim of improving reproductive and sexual health literacy of couples on the verge of marriage.

Methods

This study was a mixed‐methods participatory action research conducted based on the Find, Organize, Clarify, Understand, Select‐Plan, Do, Check, Act (FOCUS‐PDCA) model in nine steps during 2019−2020 in the city of Bandar Abbas. The Reproductive Health Literacy Scale and the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) Questionnaire were used to evaluate the interventions. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 26. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

Results

The mean age of women and men participating in the quantitative part of the study was 21 ± 5 and 25.84 ± 3.9 years, respectively, which was similar to their counterparts in this part of the study, and the difference in the mean scores of reproductive health literacy before and after the changes in the program showed a significant difference (p > 0.001). The study results showed that, except for the understanding dimension, most participants were at an insufficient level in other dimensions of reproductive health literacy. The result of measuring the satisfaction of service recipients indicated good satisfaction in the two dimensions of warranty and accountability, and there was a gap in empathy, assurance, and tangibility dimensions, which the biggest gap was related to the empathy dimension.

Conclusion

The changes made in improving the reproductive health literacy of couples were effective, which can be taken into consideration based on the added items in the current program of providing educational services in marriage preparation classes for couples.
A comprehensive study on automatic non‐informative frame detection in colonoscopy videos
Authors: Kaçmaz Rukiye Nur , Doğan Refika Sultan , Yılmaz Bülent
Published: January 2024

Despite today's developing healthcare technology, conventional colonoscopy is still a gold‐standard method to detect colon abnormalities. Due to the folded structure of the intestine and visual disturbances caused by artifacts, it can be hard for specialists to detect abnormalities during the procedure. Frames that include artifacts such as specular reflection, improper contrast levels from insufficient or excessive illumination gastric juice, bubbles, or residuals should be detected to increase an accurate diagnosis rate. In this work, both conventional machine learning and transfer learning methods have been used to detect non‐informative frames in colonoscopy videos. The conventional machine learning part consists of 5 different types of texture features, which are gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray level run length matrix (GLRLM), neighborhood gray‐tone difference matrix (NGTDM), focus measure operators (FMOs), and first‐order statistics. In addition to these methods, we utilized 8 different transfer learning models: AlexNet, SqueezeNet, GoogleNet, ShuffleNet, ResNet50, ResNet18, NasNetMobile, and MobileNet. The results showed that FMOs and decision tree combination gave the best accuracy and f‐measure values with almost 89% and 0.79%, respectively, for the conventional machine learning part. When the transfer learning part is taken into account, AlexNet (99.85%) and SqueezeNet (98.80%) have the highest performance metric results. This study shows the potential of both transfer learning and conventional machine learning algorithms to provide fast and accurate non‐informative frame detection to be used during a colonoscopy, which may be considered the initial step in identifying and classifying colon‐related diseases automatically to help guide physicians.
A brain tumour classification on the magnetic resonance images using convolutional neural network based privacy‐preserving federated learning
Authors: Ay Şevket , Ekinci Ekin , Garip Zeynep
Published: January 2024

The healthcare industry has found it challenging to build a powerful global classification model due to the scarcity and diversity of medical data. The leading cause is privacy, which restricts data sharing among healthcare providers. Federated learning (FL) can contribute to developing classification models by protecting data privacy. This study has tested various federated techniques in a peer‐to‐peer setting to classify brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). The authors propose various aggregation strategies for FL, including Federated Averaging (FedAvg), Quantum FL with FedAVG (QFedAvg) and Fault Tolerant FedAvg (Ft‐FedAvg) and FedAvg with differential privacy (Dp‐FedAvg). In each approach, a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is applied to compute locally run nodes with different parts of the same brain MRI dataset for 10, 20 and 30 training and test rounds. A central server and CNN‐based three federated clients are included in the FL‐based brain tumour classification model to exchange data and combine the model weights on the server, which are sent from local devices to the server. The superiority of the performance of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparing it with traditional methods on various performance metrics. Experimental results show that in brain MRI dataset classification using FL approaches, FedAVg showed the best performance with 85.55% and 84.60% success for 10 and 20 rounds, respectively, while Ft‐FedAvg showed the best performance with 85.80% success for 30 rounds for test set. Statistical results obtained from FL approaches showed that FedAvg and Ft‐FedAvg have superior performance with regard to accuracy and robustness in comparison with the others.
SUR LES CHALEURS DE COMBUSTION DE L'ACIDE SALICYLIQUE ET DU NAPHTALÈNE EN VUE DE LEUR UTILISATION ÉVENTUELLE COMME SECOND ÉTALON CALORIMÉTRIQUE
Authors: Keffler L. J. P.
Published: January 2024

RéSUMé.

a). Au cours d'un travail publié récemment dans ce bulletin1, et consacré en ordre principal à l‘étude de plusieurs substances susceptibles d‘être envisagées comme étalon calorimétrique à côté de l'acide benzoïque, étalon primaire, l'auteur m'invite à donner mon avis au sujet d'une certaine correction interspatiale qu'il a cru nécessaire d'appliquer à ses mesures thermométriques et qu'il s'est essayé d'appliquer provisoirement aux miennes.

Je veux bien reconnaître que l'application de cette correction améliore sensiblement (en fait, à peu près dans le rapport du simple au double) la précision apparente des mesures propres à l'auteur, comme il est facile de s'en rendre compte par le calcul des erreurs moyennes correspondant à chacune des séries de déterminations, avant et après cette correction.

Mais je ne puis m'empêcher de penser que le fait de devoir appliquer à ses mesures une correction de cette importance (pouvant atteindre 1 pour mille) — pour n'obtenir en fin de compte qu'une précision apparente deux à trois fois moindre que celle de ceux de ses devanciers dont la valeur trouvée pour la chaleur de combustion de l'acide salicylique ne concorde pas avec la sienne‐dénote, entre autres choses, que son thermomètre a été sollicité au‐delà de ses aptitudes. Ce fait, à lui seul, enlève aux mesures de l'auteur le caractère de très haute précision que le sujet réclame, surtout au point où en était la question au moment où M. Beckers a commencé ses mesures!

En ce qui concerne mes propres déterminations, je montrerai que la correction interspatiale leur est absolument inapplicable, à tous les points de vue, et notamment:

1) parce que l'auteur se sert d'un thermomètre à tige pleine, alors que j'utilise un thermomètre du type Beckmann, donc avec chemise et graduation indépendante;

2) parce que la correction proposée par l'auteur dépend avant tout des défauts qui caractérisent son propre thermomètre dans les deux intervalles extrêmes choisis pour ses mesures;

3) parce que je me suis mis à l'abri d'une estimation systématiquement erronée du millième de degré par l'emploi d'un appareil de mon invention 2), qui me permet de lire au lieu d'estimer le millième de degré;

b) Concurremment avec la critique de la correction interspatiale, je me trouverai amené à émettre quelques considérations, contradictoires à celles de l'auteur, au sujet de la constant range method que j'ai proposée en 1926, après l'avoir essayée dès l'année précédente avec mon calorimètre adiabatique. Cette méthode a été adoptée par la suite par plusieurs chercheurs, et en particulier au Bureau International des Etalons Physico‐chimiques, à l'initiative de son distingué directeur.

c) J'analyserai finalement les mesures de l'auteur, tant au point de vue de leur précision apparente que de leur exactitude probable.
Remarque sur la formule fondamentale de la pression osmotique
Authors: Prigogine I.
Published: January 2024

RESUME

L'auteur montre que la pression osmotique est donnée par l'affinité de diffusion du solvant vers la solution à pression égale dans les deux phases et divisée par le volume spécifique molaire moyen du solvant pur.
Effectiveness of emicizumab in preventing bleeding events in severe and moderate hemophilia A: A single‐center experience in Bangladesh
Authors: Tory Sanzina Sadia , Ghosh Sujan , Nazneen Humayra , Farhad Nurul , Islam Salwa , Hasan Mohammad Jahid , Biswas Akhil Ranjan
Published: January 2024

Emicizumab is a monoclonal antibody that bridges activated factor IX (FIX) and factor X (FX) to replace the function of missing activated factor VIII (FVIII) in hemophilia A patients irrespective of FVIII inhibitor status. This study assessed the effectiveness of emicizumab in preventing bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A. This observational study included patients with moderate to severe hemophilia A who were undergoing episodic FVIII replacement therapy. The primary endpoint was the difference in annualized bleeding rates (ABR) and the secondary endpoint was the difference in Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) before and after emicizumab prophylaxis. A total of 30 male hemophilia patients were included, the mean age was 16.7 (SD: ±8.1) years, and most of them had moderate hemophilia A [63.3%]. Before prophylaxis, the median ABR was 48 (interquartile range [IQR]: 35–60), and 93.3% of patients had ABR greater than eight, whereas after prophylaxis the median ABR decreased significantly (median [IQR]: 0 [0.0–0.4], p < 0.001), and 56.7% had zero bleeds. ABR was not significantly different in patient with and without FVIII inhibitors. The HJHS scores significantly improved after prophylaxis (10 vs. 2.5, p < 0.001). The bleeding events were reduced significantly (23 vs. 0.0, p < 0.001), and zero new target joints were reported after prophylaxis. Most of the patients [93.3%] did not face any serious adverse events after prophylaxis. Emicizumab prophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower rate of bleeding events among participants with hemophilia A, regardless of inhibitor status.
Effects of child trauma screening on trauma‐informed multidisciplinary evaluation and service planning in the child welfare system
Authors: Connell Christian M. , Swanson Ann Shun , Genovese Maegan , Lang Jason M.
Published: January 2024

Despite the prevalence of exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) among children involved with the child welfare system (CWS), trauma screening is not yet a common practice. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of embedding a formal trauma screening process in statewide multidisciplinary evaluations for CWS‐involved youth. A retrospective record review was conducted with two random samples of cases reflecting both pre‐ and postimplementation of formal screening procedures (n = 70 preimplementation, n = 100 postimplementation). Findings from the record review indicate statistically significant improvements in the documentation of general, χ2(1, N = 170) = 18.8, p < .001, and specific, χ2(1, N = 170) = 10.7, p = .001, details of children's reactions associated with PTE exposure, as well as increases in providers’ recommendations, χ2(1, N = 170) = 18.1, p < .001, and referrals, χ2(1, N = 170) = 4.5, p = .034, for trauma‐focused services. The early identification of trauma‐related symptoms may help connect children more promptly to trauma‐informed evidence‐based interventions, which may avert or mitigate the long‐term sequelae of child maltreatment and CWS involvement.
Assessing and predicting the influence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter on light absorption by phytoplankton in boreal lakes
Authors: Ahonen Salla A. , Vuorio Kristiina M. , Jones Roger I. , Hämäläinen Heikki , Rantamo Krista , Tiirola Marja , Vähätalo Anssi V.
Published: January 2024

Many boreal lakes are colored brown due to strong light absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), which reduces light penetration into the water column. However, the influence of CDOM on the fraction of photosynthetically utilizable radiation (PUR) absorbed by phytoplankton from the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) entering the lake (i.e., PUR/PAR) remains largely unknown. Here, we (1) quantified PUR/PAR values and examined the major water quality parameters determining PUR/PAR from 128 sampled boreal lakes, (2) predicted PUR/PAR values for 2250 reference boreal lakes, and (3) estimated the response of PUR/PAR to typical browning trends reported in earlier studies. The PUR/PAR values ranged from 0.4% to 17% in the sampled lakes, and a logarithmic model including CDOM and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration was the most parsimonious for predicting PUR/PAR values. Applying the model to the reference lakes, PUR/PAR values ranged from 0.5% to 20% (median 3%). In the model, an increase in CDOM content decreases the PUR/PAR value, but a concurrent increase in Chl a concentration with the CDOM partly compensates the negative effect of CDOM on the PUR/PAR values. Assuming that browning increases both CDOM and Chl a contents, as found for our reference lakes, our model suggests that the decrease in light absorption by phytoplankton in response to a typical degree of browning is only moderate. The moderate response of the PUR/PAR to browning may be explained by photoacclimation of phytoplankton to lowered light availability, and/or an increased loading of nutrients to lakes both leading to higher Chl a concentration.
Sediment–vegetation interactions determine the fate of fluvial sediment in the upper reaches of a large estuary
Authors: Palinkas Cindy M. , Gurbisz Cassie , Bolton Miles C.
Published: January 2024

Feedbacks between sediment and plants in the submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) beds of the Susquehanna Flats help modulate sediment delivery into the upper Chesapeake Bay from its major tributary (Susquehanna River). Recent modeling work has shown that SAV can steer the river plume, directly controlling sediment transport and fate. However, transport mechanisms likely differ between flood and non‐flood conditions and depend on event timing. An opportunity to evaluate these insights in the field occurred with several flood events in summer 2018. Sediment and biomass samples were collected after the flood in the large, continuous main SAV bed of the Flats and in smaller patches to the west of the main bed to evaluate the effect of SAV bed size (width). Sediment characteristics (grain size, organic content) and deposition rates were compared to previous observations during non‐flood conditions in the main bed in 2014–2015 and in the smaller patches in 2019. Overall, sediment deposition rates could be predicted by an empirical model including sediment load, vegetation biomass, and SAV bed width, reflecting the role of vegetation in steering the Susquehanna River plume and modulating sediment input to the upper Chesapeake Bay. Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of sedimentation is essential for realistic estimates of sediment and nutrient (especially nitrogen and carbon) storage in freshwater SAV systems, which have not received as much attention as their saltwater counterparts.
Modeling the effects of essential heavy metals on environmental pollution: A linear and nonlinear prediction model via cascade forward‐neural network
Authors: Yolcu Ufuk , Yalcin Ibrahim Ertugrul , Uras Mehmet Emin , Ozyigit Ibrahim Ilker
Published: January 2024

The use of artificial neural networks (ANN) in studies with different content is increasing day by day, and its impact and acceptability are also increasing. The importance of using ANN in popular and large‐scale fields such as environmental pollution studies is known. Studies are carried out considering the need to develop ANNs, which can be an alternative to the data obtained as a result of the analyses made with instrumental devices that require high costs and trained human labor. This study, which was carried out using real data and samples showing biomonitoring properties such as soil and plants, is an example to fill the gaps in the literature. In this study, tools that can model both linear and nonlinear relationships were used. The simulation of the dynamic ecological system containing Fe, Mn, and Ni heavy metals was carried out from the point of view of artificial intelligence. It is revealed that ANN systems are supportive methods in studies of determining environmental pollution, especially in biomonitoring studies.
Deliquescence‐induced release of ethyl formate and chlorine dioxide from their precursors‐loaded sachets for in‐package fumigation of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura)
Authors: Zaitoon Amr , Jabeen Ayesha , Singh Singam Suranjoy , Scott‐Dupree Cynthia , Lim Loong‐Tak
Published: January 2024

The toxicity and environmental concerns of methyl bromide (MB) have been a significant impetus for research into environmentally benign fumigant alternatives. Ethyl formate (EF) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) are FDA‐approved agents with potential as alternatives to MB. However, both are chemically unstable and pose considerable end‐use challenges. In this study, we developed moisture‐activated sachets for EF and ClO2 to facilitate their end‐use deployment for in‐package fumigation. The sachets were loaded with EF or ClO2 metastable precursors, citric acid (CA), and a deliquescent salt carrier (e.g., CaCl2 or NaCl). When placed in an elevated relative humidity environment, these combinations activate the release of EF or ClO2 gases, separately. The deliquescence lowering phenomenon and its effect on fumigants release rate were investigated when mixing CA with CaCl2 or NaCl. The mutual deliquescence relative humidity for CA–CaCl2 and CA–NaCl mixtures were 40% and 63%, respectively. CaCl2 enhanced the release rate of fumigants from their sachets, whereas NaCl resulted in a slower release rate. EF and ClO2 sachets were evaluated for fumigation of different life stages of spotted wing drosophila (SWD). Complete control of SWD adults was achieved after exposure to 10.1 mg·h/L EF, while eggs, larval, and pupal stages were more tolerant toward EF vapour and required 110.2 mg·h/L EF to achieve control. ClO2 at low concentrations was more effective than EF against all SWD life stages, excluding pupae. Complete mortality was achieved after fumigating SWD adults, eggs, and larvae with 0.73, 2.39, and 1.21 mg·h/L ClO2, respectively. These results indicated that both EF and ClO2 sachets could be employed safely for EF and ClO2 in‐packaging fumigation to control produce pests.
A content analysis of qualitative research on college student food insecurity in the United States
Authors: Williams Brittany M. , Thompson David J. , Ardoin Sonja , Brooks Ali
Published: January 2024

Using a content analysis methodology, we examined 15 peer‐reviewed articles published between 2009 and 2019 that used qualitative and mixed methods approaches to explore how college and university students experience food insecurity. Concerningly, there was limited variety in the methods employed across these articles and more discussion of methodology was needed. Despite this, our analysis of student statements in these articles yielded three common themes: (1) co‐occurring basic needs; (2) academic, physical, psychological, and social effects of food insecurity; and (3) institutional satisfaction and/or critique. We include implications for research and practice.

Context and implications

Rationale for the study

Few qualitative studies centre students' food insecurity experiences in the United States. We examined available research to unearth commonalities across student narratives while connecting food insecurity to broader social class inequality in higher education.

Why the new findings matter

Our findings underscore the urgent need for additional qualitative food insecurity scholarship that foregrounds student voices. Future researchers examining food insecurity should consider: (a) the nuances of on‐campus food insecurity, (b) the impact of food insecurity on student success, and (c) the linkages between food insecurity and social class in higher education.

Implications for policy makers

Campus leaders and policy makers can help address campus food insecurity by building holistic wraparound systems to support the multi‐faceted needs of students facing food insecurity. To do this, policy makers and leaders must begin to understand food insecurity as more than a statistic and acknowledge the human experiences of those it affects.
Event‐triggered bipartite consensus for multiagent systems with general linear dynamics: An integral‐type event‐triggered control
Authors: Chung Nhan‐Phu , Trinh Thanh‐Son , Choi Woocheol
Published: January 2024

We fill a gap in the proofs in the previous works (Wu X, Mu, X. Int J. Robust Nonlin Control. 2020;30:3753Ű3772; Zhang Z, Lunze J, Wang L. Int J Control. 2020;93:1005‐1014; Zhang Z, Wang L. J Robust Nonlin Control. 2018;28:4175Ű4187; Dai, M‐Z, Zhang C, Leung H, Dong P, Li B. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern: Syst. doi:10.1109/TSMC.2021.3119670) for the consensus using the integral‐based event‐triggered controls. More precisely, it was inferred for a Lyapunov function that is uniformly bounded by showing that is uniformly bounded for . However, this argument may fail without further information while the boundedness of is crucially used for applying Barbalat's lemma. The consequence of Barbalat's lemma is that which corresponds to the desired consensus result. To overcome this gap, Ma and Zhao (Inform Sci. 2018;457‐458:208‐221) put an extra condition about the boundedness of measurement error functions inside the proposed integral‐based event‐triggering protocol. In this article, we propose a new integral‐based event‐triggering protocol for bipartite consensus problems of the multi‐agent systems whose dynamics are described by general linear systems without adding the uniform boundedness of measurement error functions as (Ma Y, Zhao J. Inform Sci. 2018;457‐458:208‐221) did. Via our new integral‐based integral control strategy, we prove that the system achieves the bipartite consensus in asymptotic regime, and provide a complete solution of the freeness of both chattering and genuinely Zeno behaviors. Numerical results are provided supporting the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Alone as effective as together: AMF and Trichoderma inoculation boost maize performance but differentially shape soil and rhizosphere microbiota
Authors: Fernandez‐Gnecco Gabriela , Gégu Louis , Covacevich Fernanda , Consolo Veronica F. , Bouffaud Marie‐Lara , Buscot François , Smalla Kornelia , Babin Doreen
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Inoculation of plants with beneficial microorganisms may improve plant performance yet suffers from efficacy variability. A solution might be the combined application of different inoculants as consortium. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of single or combined inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum, strain TGFG411, and a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth, and native microbial communities (here bacteria/archaea, fungi and AMF) in root‐associated soil (RAS) and rhizosphere (RH), that is, soil loosely or tightly attached to the roots, respectively.

Materials and Methods

A greenhouse experiment was carried out with non‐sterile agricultural soil and the model crop maize, which was single inoculated with either TGFG411 or AMF or received a combined inoculation of TGFG411 + AMF. Control plants received only water. Seven weeks after the second AMF inoculation, the plant growth promotion capacity of the inoculants was measured based on shoot and root parameters. Furthermore, RAS and RH microbiota (fungi including AMF, bacteria and archaea) were assessed via a combination of different cultivation‐dependent, microscopic and DNA‐based methods.

Results

After 7 weeks of maize growth, both single and combined inoculation of AMF and TGFG411 enhanced shoot dry weight and led to a significant reduction in root biomass. The TGFG411 strain successfully established in the soil. However, no definite evidence for the establishment of the inoculated AMF was found. Single or combined inoculation of TGFG411 and AMF modified the composition of total bacterial in the RH, whereas modulated total fungal communities in the RAS.

Conclusion

The combined inoculation did not result in a significant improvement of plant performance compared with single inoculation likely due to optimal nutrient supply. However, samples receiving the combined inoculation exhibited a distinct modulation of the native RAS/RH microbiota, which may influence the inoculant efficacy under less favourable conditions.
Element Diffusion Induced Carrier Transport Enhancement in High‐Performance CZTSSe Self‐Powered Photodetector
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Xu Bin , Ma Hai , Qi Ruijuan , Bai Wei , Yue Fangyu , Yang Pingxiong , Chen Ye , Chu Junhao , Sun Lin
Published: January 2024

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) has attracted great interest in thin‐film solar cells due to its excellent photoelectric performance in past decades, and recently is gradually expanding to the field of photodetectors. Here, the CZTSSe self‐powered photodetector is prepared by using traditional photovoltaic device structure. Under zero bias, it exhibits the excellent performance with a maximum responsivity of 0.77 A W−1, a high detectivity of 8.78 × 1012 Jones, and a wide linear dynamic range of 103 dB. Very fast response speed with the rise/decay times of 0.576/1.792 µs, and ultra‐high switching ratio of 3.54 × 105 are obtained. Comprehensive electrical and microstructure characterizations confirm that element diffusion among ITO, CdS, and CZTSSe layers not only optimizes band alignment of CdS/CZTSSe, but also suppresses the formation of interface defects. Such a suppression of interface defects and spike‐like band alignment significantly inhibit carrier nonradiative recombination at interface and promote carrier transport capability. The low trap density in CZTSSe and low back contact barrier of CZTSSe/Mo could be responsible for the very fast response time of photodetector. This work definitely provides guidance for designing a high performance self‐powered photodetector with high photoresponse, high switching ratio, fast response speed, and broad linear dynamic range.
Natural Underwater Bioadhesive Offering Cohesion Modulation via Hydrogen Bond Disruptor: A Highly Injectable and in Vivo Stable Remedy for Gastric Ulcer Resolution
Authors: Wang Hao , Ke Xiang , Tang Shuxian , Ren Kai , Chen Qi , Li Chichi , Ran Wenbin , Ding Chunmei , Yang Jiaojiao , Luo Jun , Li Jianshu
Published: January 2024

Injectable bioadhesives are attractive for managing gastric ulcers through minimally invasive procedures. However, the formidable challenge is to develop bioadhesives that exhibit high injectability, rapidly adhere to lesion tissues with fast gelation, provide reliable protection in the harsh gastric environment, and simultaneously ensure stringent standards of biocompatibility. Here, a natural bioadhesive with tunable cohesion is developed based on the facile and controllable gelation between silk fibroin and tannic acid. By incorporating a hydrogen bond disruptor (urea or guanidine hydrochloride), the inherent network within the bioadhesive is disturbed, inducing a transition to a fluidic state for smooth injection (injection force <5 N). Upon injection, the fluidic bioadhesive thoroughly wets tissues, while the rapid diffusion of the disruptor triggers instantaneous in situ gelation. This orchestrated process fosters the formed bioadhesive with durable wet tissue affinity and mechanical properties that harmonize with gastric tissues, thereby bestowing long‐lasting protection for ulcer healing, as evidenced through in vitro and in vivo verification. Moreover, it can be conveniently stored (≥3 m) postdehydration. This work presents a promising strategy for designing highly injectable bioadhesives utilizing natural feedstocks, avoiding any safety risks associated with synthetic materials or nonphysiological gelation conditions, and offering the potential for minimally invasive application.
Rod‐Shaped Liquid Plasticine as Cuttable Minireactor for Photodynamic Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Liu Heng , Peng Chenxi , Guo Shuaichen , Liu Xiaowang , Li Xiaoguang
Published: January 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising non‐invasive approach for cancer treatment. Enhancing its efficacy and understanding its absorption‐induced attenuation are significant while the solutions are limited, particularly for the latter. In this study, a rod‐shaped liquid plasticine (LP), comprised of a tumor cell solution encased by a nanoparticle monolayer, is used to serve as a powerful minireactor for addressing these issues. The channel structure, openness, and cuttability of the LP reactor are exploited for providing benefits to PDT. The resulting PDT efficacy is several times higher than those from droplet reactors with common spherical shapes. The attenuation law, which is fundamental in PDT yet poorly understood due to the lack of experimental approaches, is preliminarily uncovered here from the perspective of in vitro experiments by using the LP's cuttability, affording quantitative understanding on this difficult subject. These findings provide insights into the widely‐concerned topics in PDT, and highlight the great potential of an LP reactor in offering innovation power for the biochemical and biomedical arenas.
Motion Behavior of Ce‐Containing Inclusions in 8Cr4Mo4V‐Bearing Steel during Vacuum Arc Remelting
Authors: Pan Tao , Zhu Hong‐Chun , Jiang Zhou‐Hua , Li Hua‐Bing , Liu Fu‐Bin , Zhang Rui , He Zhi‐Yu , Ni Zhuo‐Wen
Published: January 2024

Herein, the Ce‐containing inclusions in8Cr4Mo4V‐bearing steel are taken as the research objective to develop anumerical model of inclusions motions behavior. The model is validated bycomparing it with experimental data. During the vacuum arc remelting process, inclusions move along the molten pool's surface toward the edge under theaction of resultant force, and finally become trapped within the mushy zone. Notably, the majority of inclusions are concentrated near the ingot's edge, andtheir numbers decrease as the radial distance decreases. Furthermore, thenumber of Ce‐Mg‐O‐S inclusions exceeds that of Ce‐O‐S inclusions near the ingot's center. This discrepancy arises due to lower density of Ce‐Mg‐O‐Sinclusions, which exhibits a stronger tendency to migrate toward the moltenpool's center. Additionally, as the inclusion diameter increases, buoyancy forceacting on the inclusions increases, resulting in a higher number of inclusionsnear the ingot's center. When considering the effect of gas cooling, theinclusion distribution becomes more pronounced at the ingot's edge. This isattributed to the enhanced cooling capacity of the mold resulting in the decreasing of molten pool depth and consequently a stronger ability of themushy zone to trap inclusions.
Tertiary Creep
Authors: Sandström Rolf
Published: January 2024

In the tertiary stage, the creep rate is continously increasing eventually leading to rupture. Many mechanisms can contribute to the increasing creep rate such as particle coarsening, substructure coarsening, cavitation, changes in the dislocation density and necking. A large number of empirical models exist for the description of tertiary creep and the development of creep damage not least in the context of continuum damage mechanics (CDM). However, there are also basic models. An equation is presented that can describe the whole creep strain versus time curve. Only parameters that are already defined for secondary creep are needed. During the tertiary stage the true applied stress increases rapidly and faster than the counteracting dislocation strength, which is one main reason for the increase in the creep rate during the tertiary stage. Cavitation is of importance, but the cavitation is often local and therefore gives a modest contribution to the creep rate. According Hart’s criterion, necking starts right at the beginning of the tertiary stage. But the necking is not fully developed until close to rupture. This is demonstrated both by uniaxial and multiaxial models and it is also consistent with available experimental data.
Precipitation Hardening
Authors: Sandström Rolf
Published: January 2024

Models for precipitation hardening (PH) at room temperature have been available for a long time. In spite of the importance of PH, it took a long time to establish models for elevated temperatures. In fact, empirically the room temperature models have also been used at higher temperatures. This gives the wrong temperature dependence and overestimates PH. It was for a long time thought that it was an energy barrier for climb across particles that was the controlling mechanism, but it was gradually appearing that this effect was so small that it could be neglected. Instead it is time it takes for dislocations to climb across particles that is the critical factor. Small particles are readily passed and do not contribute to the strengthening. Particles larger than a critical size have to be passed by the Orowan mechanism, because there is not time enough for dislocations to climb across these particles. This mechanism was finally verified for Cu–Co alloys.
Emerging jet probes of strongly interacting dark sectors
Authors: Carrasco Juliana , Zurita Jose
Published: January 2024

Abstract

A strongly interacting dark sector can give rise to a class of signatures dubbed dark showers, where in analogy to the strong sector in the Standard Model, the dark sector undergoes its own showering and hadronization, before decaying into Standard Model final states. When the typical decay lengths of the dark sector mesons are larger than a few centimeters (and no larger than a few meters) they give rise to the striking signature of emerging jets, characterized by a large multiplicity of displaced vertices.

In this article we consider the general reinterpretation of the CMS search for emerging jets plus prompt jets into arbitrary new physics scenarios giving rise to emerging jets. More concretely, we consider the cases where the SM Higgs mediates between the dark sector and the SM, for several benchmark decay scenarios. Our procedure is validated employing the same model than the CMS emerging jet search. We find that emerging jets can be the leading probe in regions of parameter space, in particular when considering the so-called gluon portal and dark photon portal decay benchmarks. With the current 16.1 fb−1 of luminosity this search can exclude down to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(20)% exotic branching ratio of the SM Higgs, but a naive extrapolation to the 139 fb−1 luminosity employed in the current model-independent, indirect bound of 16 % would probe exotic branching ratios into dark quarks down to below 10 %. Further extrapolating these results to the HL-LHC, we find that one can pin down exotic branching ratio values of 1%, which is below the HL-LHC expectations of 2.5–4 %. We make our recasting code publicly available, as part of the LLP Recasting Repository.
Kombination klein- und großskaliger physikalischer Modellierung zur Optimierung der Spüleffizienz von Laufkraftwerken
Authors: Gold Thomas , Reiterer Kevin , Hauer Christoph , Habersack Helmut , Sindelar Christine
Published: January 2024

Die Skalierung physikalischer Modelle ist häufig bedingt durch räumliche, hydraulische und wirtschaftliche Beschränkungen. Freispiegel-Modelle nach Froude-Ähnlichkeit führen zu Reynolds-Zahlen im Modell, die von der Natur abweichen. Die Skalierung von Sedimenten stößt auf Grenzen, da bei großen Maßstäben eine Verkleinerung des Korns zu unterschiedlichen physikalischen Eigenschaften und somit zu Verfälschungen der Ergebnisse führen kann. Die Universität für Bodenkultur Wien verfügt über das neue BOKU-Wasserbaulabor, ideal für Großversuche bis Maßstab 1:1. Trotz Vorteilen maßstabsgetreuer Versuche behalten skalierte Modelle ihre Bedeutung, vorausgesetzt ihre Limitierungen werden berücksichtigt. Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Vorzüge von Klein- und Großmaßstabsmodellierung zu zeigen und den Einsatz laser-optischer Strömungsmesstechnik anhand konkreter Versuche zu betrachten. Die Arbeit fokussiert sich auf Geschiebetransport in Fließgewässern im Kontext von Laufwasserkraftwerken. Methodisch wurden klein- (1:20) und großskalige (1:1) Modelle verwendet. Der Einfluss der Wehrsegmentstellung auf die Spüleffizienz wurde in einem 1:20-Modell analysiert. Die Wehrsegmentposition beeinflusste die Spüleffizienz deutlich. Der 1:1-Versuch konnte kleinere Korngrößen mitmodellieren, welche im skalierten Modell nicht mehr abgebildet werden können, um Aussagen zum Geschiebetransport bei Mittelwasserabflüssen treffen zu können. Für die freien Abflussverhältnisse im 1:1-Maßstab konnte ein ähnlicher Zusammenhang zwischen Sedimenttransport und Geschwindigkeitsprofil wie im skalierten Modell festgestellt werden. Diese Studie zeigt die Sinnhaftigkeit der Kombination von klein- und großskaligen Modellversuchen.
A neural network to identify requests, decisions, and arguments in court rulings on custody
Authors: Muñoz-Soro José Félix , del Hoyo Alonso Rafael , Montañes Rosa , Lacueva Francisco
Published: January 2024

Court rulings are among the most important documents in all legal systems. This article describes a study in which natural language processing is used for the automatic characterization of Spanish judgments that deal with the physical custody (joint or individual) of minors. The model was trained to identify a set of elements: the type of custody requested by the plaintiff, the type of custody decided on by the court, and eight of the most commonly used arguments in this type of judgment. Two jurists independently annotated more than 3000 judgments, which were used to train a model based on transformers. The main difficulties encountered in this task were the complexity of the judicial language and the need to work with appellate court rulings that have a more complicated structure than decisions at first instance. For the complete court rulings, the F1 score of the inter-annotator agreement ranged from 0.60 to 0.86 and the Kappa index from 0.33 to 0.73. The F1 score of the agreement between the model and the annotators ranged from 0.66 to 0.93 and the Kappa index from 0.57 to 0.80. These results in which the model performance exceeds even the inter-annotator agreement show the high ability of transformers to identify abstract entities in legal texts.
Redemption Through Play? Exploring the Ethics of Workplace Gamification
Authors: Butler Nick , Spoelstra Sverre
Published: January 2024

Today, it is becoming increasingly common for companies to harness the spirit of play in order to increase worker engagement and improve organizational performance. This paper examines the ethics of play in a business context, focusing specifically on the phenomenon of workplace gamification. While critics highlight ethical problems with gamification, they also advocate for more positive, transformative, and life-affirming modes of organizational play. Gamification is ethical, on this view, when it allows users to reach a state of authentic happiness or eudaimonia. The underlying assumption, here, is that the ‘magic circle’ of play—a sphere that exists entirely for its own sake—should be protected in order to secure meaningfulness at work. However, we argue that this faith in play is misguided because play, even at its most autotelic, is ethically ambivalent; it does not lead inexorably to virtuous work environments, but may in fact have an undesirable impact on those who are playing. Our study thus contributes to research on the ‘dark side’ of organizational play, a strand of scholarship that questions the idea that play always points toward the good life.
Microscopic and nanoscale mechanical properties of tonkin cane bamboo measured by advanced AFM methods
Authors: Nguyen Cam-Phu Thi , Schoenherr Peggy , Seidel Jan
Published: January 2024

Bamboo is a natural composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio traditionally used in various consumer products as well as in building and modern advanced and sustainable manufacturing technology. While its macroscopic mechanical properties are well known, nanoscale studies of the mechanical properties of the hierarchical structure of bamboo at the level of individual cells and cell walls are lacking. Here we use different AFM-based methods to analyse the mechanical properties of individual bamboo fibres that are the foundation of the hierarchical structure at the nanoscale. The elastic modulus of the fiber in the outer region varies from 7.5 to 8.9 GPa, while that of the inner fiber ranges between 4.1 and 6.1 GPa. The results demonstrate that the fibre stiffness varies in nanoscale regions between fibre interior and the fibre wall and strongly depends on the position of the individual bamboo fibre within the culm. Outer fibres with high cellulose fibril density and low lignin level show low adhesion interaction force (13.5%) in the interface between cellulose and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, hence, resulting in low plastic deformation energy release during mechanical deformation. The implications of the interrelation of plasticity, lignin level, and adhesion force are discussed for the application of bamboo as a high-performance, renewable, and sustainable material.
Adaptive Bernstein change detector for high-dimensional data streams
Authors: Heyden Marco , Fouché Edouard , Arzamasov Vadim , Fenn Tanja , Kalinke Florian , Böhm Klemens
Published: January 2024

Change detection is of fundamental importance when analyzing data streams. Detecting changes both quickly and accurately enables monitoring and prediction systems to react, e.g., by issuing an alarm or by updating a learning algorithm. However, detecting changes is challenging when observations are high-dimensional. In high-dimensional data, change detectors should not only be able to identify when changes happen, but also in which subspace they occur. Ideally, one should also quantify how severe they are. Our approach, ABCD, has these properties. ABCD learns an encoder-decoder model and monitors its accuracy over a window of adaptive size. ABCD derives a change score based on Bernstein’s inequality to detect deviations in terms of accuracy, which indicate changes. Our experiments demonstrate that ABCD outperforms its best competitor by up to 20% in F1-score on average. It can also accurately estimate changes’ subspace, together with a severity measure that correlates with the ground truth.
Flash floods in Mediterranean catchments: a meta-model decision support system based on Bayesian networks
Authors: Ropero Rosa F. , Flores M. Julia , Rumí Rafael
Published: January 2024

Natural disasters, especially those related to water—like storms and floods—have increased over the last decades both in number and intensity. Under the current Climate Change framework, several reports predict an increase in the intensity and duration of these extreme climatic events, where the Mediterranean area would be one of the most affected. This paper develops a decision support system based on Bayesian inference able to predict a flood alert in Andalusian Mediterranean catchments. The key point is that, using simple weather forecasts and live measurements of river level, we can get a flood-alert several hours before it happens. A set of models based on Bayesian networks was learnt for each of the catchments included in the study area, and joined together into a more complex model based on a rule system. This final meta-model was validated using data from both non-extreme and extreme storm events. Results show that the methodology proposed provides an accurate forecast of the flood situation of the greatest catchment areas of Andalusia.