bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the use of dynamic sub-structuring methods in predicting floating floor performance.
Authors: Mcnulty Martin , Patil Nikhilesh
Published: February 2023

Floating floors are a common means of reducing airborne and structure-borne noise, however, prediction of in-situ performance remains a challenge for many consultants. The specification of such floors, usually based on single degree of freedom assumptions, does not account for the influence
of floating floor dynamics, dynamics of host structures or interplay/power flow between the two via the isolating mounts. Reliance on single degree of freedom systems tend to over-predict the performance of the floating floor element, often leading to noise/vibration issues in the finished
construction. A more robust approach is needed, though is challenging due to complexities in characterising large-scale constructions, where source-to-receiver Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) must account for multiple points of contact between floating and structural elements. This paper
first presents a hybrid method for evaluating the source-receiver FRF of a simple floating floor via a sub-structured approach, and confirms the validity of the method to that of the source-receiver FRF measured directly. Efforts to simplify the analysis to a set of engineering-grade operations
is also presented, the aim being movement towards a methodology that can be more readily utilised by practitioners, without the need for expensive modelling software or high end hardware setups.
Assessment of hearing loss risk due to impact noise in industrial environments
Authors: Arenas Jorge , Cardenas Jorge , Robertson Christian , Urnia Jose L.
Published: February 2023

Impact noises are often found in industrial environments and they are predominant in mining, construction, factories, workshops, and shipyards. It is well-known that impact noises are more likely to cause noise-induced hearing loss than continuous noise of equal energy. Impulse noises
are characterized by their high intensity over a short period of time and many countries have defined impulse noise exposure limits and criteria in occupational settings. They are based on the sound level measurements made using standard sound pressure level meters and dosemeters. However,
because of their metrological limitations, it is not appropriate to use these instruments when dealing with such high peak levels and short duration times. Extensive research on hearing damage produced by impulse noise generated by firearms has been presented, mainly on police and military
personnel. These studies have led to damage risk criteria contained in various versions of the standard MIL-STD-1474. Although industrial noises can reach similar peak sound pressure levels, not many results have been published on the subject. In this work, several common sources of industrial
impact noise were measured in-situ, at the worker locations, using a specialized system equipped with high-dynamic-range microphones and a very high data acquisition rate. The signals were post-processed to obtain the main metrics defined for impulse noise exposure assessment. Then, occupational
hearing loss risk was estimated using different criteria. It is shown that many common industrial processes reported a very high risk of impulsive noise to human hearing.
Acoustic properties of commercial thermal insulators
Authors: Hongisto Valtteri , Saarinen Pekka , Hakala Jarkko , Alakoivu Reijo
Published: February 2023

Material manufacturers give very limited or no information of the acoustic properties of thermal insulators in broad perspective. The purpose of our study was to compare the acoustic performance of commercially available thermal insulators. Thirteen insulator types produced by several
manufacturers were studied. The acoustic performance was determined holistically by measuring six acoustic quantities: sound reduction index of bare insulator, sound reduction index of encapsulated insulator (insulator between two boards), normal incidence sound absorption coefficient, airflow
resistivity, dynamic stiffness per unit area, and reduction of impact sound pressure level in a floating floor. All measurements were conducted according to prevailing ISO standards in an experienced test laboratory. The acoustic performance differed significantly between insulator types for
each acoustic quantity. The ranges were 1027 dB, 3352 dB, 0.200.78, 3.02700 kPas/m2, 1.5730 MN/m3, and 1536 dB, when the thickness of the insulator was 100 mm. Closed-pore insulator types usually carried worse acoustic properties than open-pore insulator types. Lower thermal conductivity was
associated with worse acoustic performance of two acoustic quantities. Insulator manufacturers should consider to better declare the acoustic properties of insulator products, because this knowledge is needed in the acoustic design of building constructions and other applications.
Spatial design outcomes of indoor soundscaping course as part of interior architecture education
Authors: Dokmeci Yorukoglu Papatya Nur
Published: February 2023

Indoor soundscaping is a multi-disciplinary field that integrates, sound, user experience, and architecture. At its core, it has the potential to redefine any enclosed acoustic environment. It nor solely considers the theories and methods of architectural acoustics or depends only on
noise management techniques, yet primarily focus on user, perception, expectation, and experience. Through this perspective, listening to spaces should be an active act of an interior architect; an awareness that should be gained during the early years of architectural education. The elective
course with the same name, 'Listening to Spaces' has been offered to interior architecture students since 2015 at Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey under the Department of Interior Architecture, with the aim of implementing an important additional topic specific course to the present
education curriculum of the Department as the course combines architectural, spatial and functional analysis methods from an acoustical perspective, in order to raise awareness on conscious listening of spaces with different functions. The course is conducted through interactive learning bases
and the orientation is more research-based than teaching-based, although basic acoustical and soundscape theoretical knowledge is given. Students are expected to accomplish 6 tasks progressively following the cognitive processing dimensions parallel to Bloom's taxonomy. The outcomes of the
tasks and the final spatial design proposals has been evaluated and discussed as part of this study to highlight the importance of topic specific course integration to architectural design education.
An example of a digital engagement platform for large scale community engagement using auralization.
Authors: Southern Alex , Bulnes Brian , Oldfield Alan
Published: February 2023

The global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in social distance restrictions that have limited the ability for transport authorities to undertake in-person community engagement activities and consult on proposed local infrastructure developments. Potential increases in noise levels or
change in acoustic environment can often be a key concern for residents living close to a proposed development. This paper documents the approach taken to engage with local stakeholders regarding a proposed new light rail metro line in Toronto, Canada, using an innovative online web-based
auralization tool. The tool allows the existing trains and planned new metro trains to be compared interactively in an environmental context and with and without acoustic mitigation interventions. The paper discusses the benefits, challenges and limitations associated with the approach and
provides an overview of the auralization approach of the proposed new metro line.
An Approach to Designing and Specifying Audibility Requirements of Train Activated Warning Systems
Authors: Goode Christabel , Basturk Seckin , Block James , Southern Alex
Published: February 2023

Train Activated Warning Systems (TAWS) use an audible warning to alert track-workers of an oncoming train. TAWS emits a safe-tone sound to indicate the system is active. When a train approaches, the safe tone switches to a warning-tone in enough time to allow track workers to reach
a position of safety. There is currently no specific methodology for designing a new TAWS system to achieve the required audibility over a defined area of track. This paper presents an approach to the design and specification of TAWS audibility over lengths of track where different prevailing
acoustic environment conditions need to be considered. The challenges encountered and the limitations of the resulting approach are discussed.
Respite from aircraft noise: high-level overview of journey on building our knowledge
Authors: Norman Richard , Porter Nicole , Knowles Andy , Monaghan Robin
Published: February 2023

Most UK flight paths were designed decades ago, at a time when aircraft and navigation were much less sophisticated than today. A nationwide airspace modernisation programme is therefore underway across UK airports. The Government has embarked on its airspace modernisation strategy
with its overall objective to deliver quicker, quieter, and cleaner journeys and more capacity for the benefit of those who use and are affected by UK airspace. The UK's Airspace Modernisation Strategy is part of ICAO's Global Air Navigation Plan. For this process, Anderson Acoustics Ltd (funded
by Heathrow Airport Ltd) are consolidating current knowledge on respite, particularly in relation to Airspace design and this paper will report on progress. The work intends to continue the journey towards understanding respite and its effective implementation, linking together past, current,
and potentially future activities, providing timelines, signposting to other reports and work. It explores the key questions around the concepts and implementation of an effective respite strategy. It will present a high-level overview of the journey to date on building our knowledge on respite,
and uses this information to present a summary of the key elements to consider for appraising options in the ACP programme when designing for respite.
Five Years' Monitoring Data on Rail Damper Performance
Authors: HO Wilson , YIU Max , SHA Qian , Wong Ron
Published: February 2023

Roughness in rail surface accumulates with train operations and grows faster on curved tracks than tangent tracks. Higher roughness leads to higher noise radiation. In Hong Kong, railway noise prediction includes a 3dB correction for rail surface deterioration. Depending on rate of
deterioration, different rail grinding cycles (typically between 3 and 24 months) are scheduled to ensure train operations without excessive noise radiation. Before rail dampers installation, noise levels were monitored for 1.5 years and around the noise limit with variation +/- 3dB(A) due
to rail roughness variation. After installation of rail damper, railway noise was generally maintained at 7dB(A) below the noise limit with variation +/-1.5dB(A) for more than 3 years. Noise reduction at dominant frequencies 630 Hz and 800 Hz were more than 10dB in 1/3 Octave analysis. The
rail dampers were installed at alternative spaces such that additional rail dampers can be installed to double the amount in case further noise reduction is required. This paper examines the five years' monitoring data in detail, showing the noise levels with smaller variations over grinding
cycles after rail damper installation, and explores rail damper potential ability to slow down the growth rate of rail roughness levels.
Interaction between annoyance, indoor noise levels and acoustic classification of buildings
Authors: Kurra Selma , Sentop Ayca
Published: February 2023

Assessment of annoyance "at home" from environmental noises has been widely investigated so far and the ISO/TS 15666:2021 was developed to lead the socio-acoustic surveys. On the other hand, the rating of buildings' acoustical performance considering also the indoor noises,
has been also well concerned in building acoustics and the studies have ended up with the ISO/TS 19488:2021 covering the acoustic classification system for buildings. Basically the rating system needs to be supported by the subjective tests in the field or in laboratories, to acquire data
about the annoyance/disturbance or satisfaction of residents. If the target is to design the healthy, comfortable and sustainable acoustical environment, both technical standards might be harmonized in the future. In this paper, based on the dose/response relationships with respect to the
indoor noise levels, an approach is proposed to translate the acoustic classes proposed in ISO/TS 19488, into the annoyance boundaries in terms of different scales (verbal/numerical and the HA% ) referred in ISO/TS 15666. The results from the previous laboratory and field studies conducted
by the authors, have been used for verification of this approach.
Improving the intelligibility of underground station public address / voice alarm systems using horizontal line array
Authors: Cordes Diego , Shearer Douglas
Published: February 2023

As London's extensive underground network passenger communication is highly dependent on its Public Address/ Voice Alarm system, attention to its efficacy is of great importance. In its current state, the system lacks 21st-century performance which could be implemented using modern
technologies. Underground station currently struggle to achieve the minimal life safety intelligibility requirements established by the British standard and bringing an uncomfortable experience to millions of daily passengers. A reinterpretation of the line array / planar source concept in
computer simulations has been used to raise the intelligibility beyond the minimal requirements by achieving a homogeneous sound distribution close to the public, with minimal room excitation. This approach minimises destructive reverberant interference and hence proves to improve intelligibility.
Noise emission and noise exposure - an approach to improve the link
Authors: Probst Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

A lot of work was spent by acousticians the last decades to reduce the noise caused by technical products. Important steps on that way were the description of the sound emission of these products and facilities by unambiguously defined quantities - the A-weighted sound power level and
the emission sound pressure level. With a framework of standards for measurement and declaration we supported the buyer of such products in his purchase decision. The emission values of different machine groups were published - in standards and guidelines in anonymous form - and the buyers
were encouraged to select from possible alternatives those that offer the lower noise emission in their declaration. But since many years we hear in this buy quiet sessions that the declared emission values are often not very reliable - and they are not understandable for those affected by
the noise. This can be improved by establishing a strong link between the emission and the noise impact. Some strategies and tools are shown and recommendations for the development of supporting standards are given. Some examples about the advantageous use of emission values are demonstrated.
Experiments on the aeroacoustic whistling of a cylindrical cavity
Authors: Faure Beaulieu Abel , Pedergnana Tiemo , Xiong Yuan , Noiray Nicolas
Published: February 2023

An air flow going through an axisymmetric cavity can interact with the acoustic modes of this cavity and produce loud self-sustained acoustic oscillations. Acoustic measurements reveal that the nature of the acoustic mode undergoes complex dynamics, alternating between phases where
we observe a spinning wave with periodic inversions of its rotation direction, and phases where a high-amplitude mode is constantly spinning in the same direction. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry gives the 3 velocity components in a 2D plane, allowing to identify the main hydrodynamic
structures involved in the instability and the interactions of these structures with the mean flow and the acoustic oscillations.
Achieving Global Consensus on Acceptable Sound Levels for Overland Supersonic Flight
Authors: Coen Peter , Loubeau Alexandra , Rathsam Jonathan , Shah Gautam
Published: February 2023

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has committed to deliver to the International Civil Aviation Organization's Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) data defining community response to sounds from supersonic aircraft designed such that their sonic boom
is replaced with a soft "thump". The dataset will correlate public perceptions to acoustic levels, supporting efforts to develop international standards for permissible noise from supersonic overflight. NASA is preparing for community overflight tests with the X-59, a research aircraft
that generates the "sonic thump". For global consensus on standards, NASA seeks response data broadly representative of the response of the international population. NASA has engaged the international community through briefings at CAEP meetings and workshops with international participation.
A virtual workshop in December 2021 focused on strategies for estimating noise exposure levels and conducting surveys to characterize annoyance levels relative to the "thump" sounds. An overview of NASA's effort, focusing on plans and technical goals for the community response tests
is presented. Results of the workshop are briefed, including considerations for ensuring broad representativeness of results and estimation of the sound levels across the test community. Workshop feedback will be discussed, along with how it will be addressed in NASA's planning.
Sound.Wood.Austria - selected measurement results of building components for multi-storey timber construction in Austria
Authors: Ferk Heinz , Vavrik-Kirchsteiger Selina , Christopher Leh , Mosing Markus , Nusser Bernd
Published: February 2023

With the increasing use of wood also for multi-storey dwellings, a wide variety of timber construction systems have been developed in Austria, of which in particular timber post and beam construction and solid timber construction in cross-laminated timber have become established. During
the Internoise 2005, the first session on sound insulation in timber construction was initiated by Jean-Luc Kouyoumji. At that time, I was able to present first examples of multi-storey CLT dwellings in Austria. Today buiding with wood is a worldwide topic and there are still a lot of research
questions, especially in the low-frequency range, in flanking transmission and optimization. Within the Sound.Wood.Austria research project, acoustic laboratory measurements of typical Austrian wood based building components were carried out in order to determine the effect of various design
measures on sound insulation in a systematic approach and to identify possible optimization potential. Exterior and apartment partition walls as well as apartment partition ceilings were investigated. In this talk, selected measurement results will be presented and discussed. The results stress
the fact, that further research work and developments, preferably internationally networked, are desirable in order to exploit the acoustic potential of timber buildings in the sense of "Green Deal".
Lightweight Retractable Noise Barrier in Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Wilson , Wong Wylog , Chu Eric
Published: February 2023

Construction noise is one of the major noise pollution sources in urban area. In Hong Kong, the Noise Control Ordinance (NCO) states that construction works at night time and holiday with Powered Mechanical Equipment (PME) are only allowed if the PME noise levels are controlled within
the Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) calculated at nearby Noise Sensitive Receivers (NSRs). In many cases, night works require noise barriers to minimize the PME noise levels. However, conventional noise barriers of 3m to 6m height require a heavy base in order to sustain occasional heavy gust
wind loading. Those heavy bases require cranes to install and relocate which may not feasible under some site constraints. SilentUP(r) Retractable Noise Barrier has been invented in Hong Kong to meet this demand. It is a 7m high noise barrier without concrete foundation. The modular design
and magnetic connecting mechanism allow SilentUP(r) to form a continuous wall. It can be installed, uninstalled and relocated by people without using any machines. The entire process is quiet enough to be completed at night. To enhance the stability and safety features, a patented automatic
wind load relieving mechanism is incorporated so that the lightweight structure remains safe during occasional gusts. It reduces up to 95% structural loading requirement and hence a lightweight design can be adopted. The on-site insertion loss performance of SilentUP(r) Retractable Noise Barrier
is varied from 11-21 dB(A) depending on the noise source and size of barrier / enclosure.
Verification of Railways Noise Mapping Using CNOSSOS-EU: Case Study on Freight Trains
Authors: Grilo Bensusan Alvaro , Mitjavila Javier
Published: February 2023

Freight trains are a relevant source of environmental noise and require an acoustical assessment to quantify the exposure of the population using noise mapping. Once the results of the noise calculations have been developed, it might be necessary to adopt mitigation strategies that
can be validated using these noise models. It is becoming increasingly common to undertake some form of validation exercise to cross-reference the calculated levels with measurements to reduce the uncertainty in the action planning. Based upon the results of the monitoring, the measured data
may then be stratified regarding the source data and meteorological data and introduced into the calculation model, to enable the model to replicate the situation during the measurement windows (meta-models). The results from the calculations of each of these meta-models may then be compared
with the noise measurement results as the basis for the validation study. This paper presents an overview of a verification project undertaken in South America where such a process was followed using the CNOSSOS-EU as the basis of comparison.
Elastic hangers for suspended ceilings - are they really needed?
Authors: Johansson Bengt
Published: February 2023

Suspended ceilings made of several layers of gypsum boards are a common way to increase the sound insulation of slabs in buildings. The ceiling is typically hanging 100-500 mm below a slab. There are many manufacturers of the hangers and most of them supply elastic hangers, made of
rubber or metal springs. The elastic hangers are very costly and there are very little scientific data of the effect of these elastic hangers, especially at low frequencies and especially for concrete slabs, which are the most common slab type. The sound insulation of normal buildings is increasing
with frequency and the low frequency region is the most interesting region. The author has in more than 30 years been part of many cinema projects where elastic hangers has not been used. Still, the sound insulation at low frequencies is excellent. What are the most important parameters? Could
it be that elastic hangers are even reducing sound insulation due to resonances at low frequencies? In this paper we will discuss measurement data both from laboratory and real buildings with focus on air-borne sound insulation at low frequencies. We will also discuss calculations methods.
Characterisation Testing of Floating Floor systems under Impact Conditions
Authors: Fox Adam , Valerio Doug
Published: February 2023

Characterising the nature of vibration produced by impact events from sporting activities remains a challenge. The variables of the impactor, isolation measures and response of the supporting structure inherently make this and prediction of resultant noise levels a significant challenge.
This paper presents research into the performance of floating floor systems. Under several excitation events such as weight drops and treadmill activity, the behaviour of the floating floor was characterised through generation of a validated finite element model. The insertion loss of the
system was confirmed through extensive testing for a wide range of typical gymnasium activities. The effect of floor dampers and use of covering layers was also investigated. This paper presents these results which provide a validated understanding of how varying the nature of the impact generating
activity affects floating floor insertion loss and how the floating slab responds dynamically to impact. This information provides data suitable for extrapolation to other installations, which is highly sought by industry to predict the implication of gymnasia installations.
Developing an American (ANSI) Standard for the Prediction of Wind Turbine Sound Levels
Authors: Bastasch Mark
Published: February 2023

Common modeling methods used in the United States yield relatively similar results given sound power level from IEC 61400-11 and propagation consistent with ISO 9613-2 are typically utilized. Nonetheless, standardization of predictions is anticipated to result in a robust and repeatable
process that increases regulatory confidence and understanding. American Clean Power (ACP) is recognized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as an Accredited Standards Developer. A wind turbine sound modeling standard working group was established and reached consensus on a
preferred method of predicting project sound levels during the siting and permitting process. The goal of this standard is to establish uniform method of predicting future projects sound levels such that pre-development sound assessment results or predictions used in research can be readily
compared.
A comparison between the high-frequency Boundary Element Method and Surface-Based Geometrical Acoustics
Authors: Hargreaves Jonathan
Published: February 2023

The audible frequency range covers many octaves in which the wavelength changes from being large with respect to dominant features of a space to being comparatively much smaller. This makes numerical prediction of a space's acoustic response, e.g. for auralisation, extremely challenging
if all frequencies are to be represented accurately. Different classes of algorithm give the best balance of accuracy to computational cost in different frequency bands - 'wave solvers' such as Boundary Element Method (BEM) at low frequencies and Geometrical Acoustics (GA) methods at high
frequencies. But combining their output data can be an awkward process due to their very different formulations. This is particularly important for early reflections, which give crucial spatial perceptual cues. Hence there is a need for a unified full audible bandwidth algorithm for early
reflections. This paper will describe ongoing research to develop such an algorithm by exploiting synergies between high-frequency BEM and GA. It will describe how appropriately chosen oscillatory basis functions in BEM can produce leading-order GA behaviour at high frequencies and explore
how interactions between these compare to the same interactions arising in a surface-based Geometrical Acoustics scheme.
Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) based approaches for the mid- and high-frequency vibro-acoustic analysis of complex systems
Authors: Langley Robin
Published: February 2023

This paper will present methods for predicting the statistics of the frequency response functions of complex random vibro-acoustic systems. The statistical properties include the ensemble mean, the ensemble variance, level crossing rates, extreme values, and quefrencies. The approach
is based on a combination of statistical energy analysis (SEA), the finite element method, random point process theory, and random matrix theory. In the mid frequency range the finite element method is used to model components that have a low modal density, while other components are modelled
as SEA subsystems. The coupling between the finite element components and the SEA subsystems is effected using the diffuse field reciprocity principle, which was developed some years ago. The blocked modes of the SEA subsystems are assumed to have natural frequency statistics that are governed
by the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, and this enables the statistical properties of the response to be found without any need for Monte Carlo simulations. The use of SEA leads to a relatively low number of degrees of freedom used in the model, and thus the approach is numerically efficient
well suited to the design stage, where many design options may be explored.
Sustainable Combustion Technologies Need Acoustics Research
Authors: Heckl Maria
Published: February 2023

This paper outlines the challenges of developing hydrogen-fueled combustion systems, which are safe from combustion instabilities. Combustion instabilities can occur in any configuration where a continuously burning flame is housed in an acoustic resonator, such as gas turbine engines,
boilers and furnaces. They manifest themselves by large-amplitude oscillations of one or more resonator modes and can cause major damage to the combustion system. Their underlying cause is the following feedback loop: the flow carrying the combustible mixture is perturbed → the flame
becomes unsteady and its heat release fluctuates → the fluctuating heat release generates sound → the sound perturbs the flow of the mixture, and the feedback cycle is closed. Various strategies exist to prevent instabilities in conventional combustion systems, which burn hydrocarbon
fuels. However, if hydrogen or a hydrogen-blend is used as fuel, the flame's dynamic behaviour changes, and as a consequence, combustion instabilities occur under new and unexpected conditions. In order to give some explicit physical insight, a generic combustion system will be presented and
described by an analytical model. Predictions will be made about the impact of hydrogen fuel and other parameters.
Soundscape and Digital Therapeutics: Psycho-physiological Restoration
Authors: Jeon Jin Yong
Published: February 2023

The psychological and physiological indicators derived from studies of urban soundscapes have been suggested to explain the restoration effects of digital treatments using virtual reality (VR) environments. These experiences of virtual spaces that lead to emotional restoration are often
related to natural environments such as waterfront and sites with vegetations. Perceptions of VR environments demonstrated that urban areas, including urban parks with traffic noise in the background were also considered as such spaces. VR technology used for experiencing spatial atmospheres
creates a realistic audio and visual environment. Accordingly, subjects also respond to a survey on the audiovisual elements of the space. When verifying the restoration effect of soundscapes, physiological responses such as EEG and HRV are investigated along with questionnaire-based psychological
responses. In this study, a statistical restoration model was constructed by interpreting psychophysiological responses and deriving the relationship between physical indicators for soundscapes based on such biological signals. However, various natural soundscape contents need to be further
studied and produced to expect therapeutic effects.
Polynomial Chaos-Based Procedural Generation of Synthetic Training Data in Machine Learning for Automated Acoustic Monitoring
Authors: Yildiz Ömer , Keuchel Sören , Zaleski Olgierd , Gross Peter , Storch Julian , Weigold Matthias
Published: February 2023

In additive manufacturing such as powder bed fusion the acoustic monitoring taking care of timely process termination in case of failure is commonly achieved by ear and therefore highly susceptible to human bias. Solutions based on machine learning algorithms need large datasets for
training purposes which are not readily available. Additionally, capturing high-quality audio samples and providing respective material parts are expensive both in terms of time and cost. To overcome this problem, this work proposes a method by which the required synthetic datasets are obtained
by way of procedural generation. Here, synthetic data implies the substitution of measured audio data by equivalent virtual and artificial samples from 3D acoustic simulations. In order to cover process variations as well as consider the variability of multiple input parameters, a design-of-experiments
based on the theory of generalized polynomial chaos is conducted. Additionally, the polynomialchaos method is extended through use of a decision tree so that the prevalence of specific critical events may be accounted for.
Improved methods for source characterization on trains
Authors: Åbom Mats , Bolin Karl , Jacob Stefan
Published: February 2023

One problem for railway noise predictions is to characterize noise from various auxiliary equipment, e.g., fans, compressors, transformers. The noise from such sources can be a dominating contribution under low-speed operation or stand still. To better handle this problem the EU-project
TRANSIT investigates improved methods for acoustic source characterization. As a starting point it is assumed that an acoustic source is enclosed by a control surface. The surface is sub-divided into smaller areas and each area is assumed to act as an acoustic one-port coupled to all the other
areas. The properties of each area can then be described by its volume flow and internal impedance. The resulting acoustic pressure at a receiving point, can finally be expressed as a product of the source volume flows and a matrix representing the acoustic installation effects ("source+radiation
impedances"). To simplify the method one can assume uncorrelated sources and use an ISO procedure for sound power to determine the volume flows. The acoustic installation effects can be obtained using a monopole point source to measure or calculate the pressure at selected receiving positions.
Current Status and Future Directions in Environmental Stability of Sulfide Solid-State Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Liang Jianwen , Li Xiaona , Wang Changhong , Kim Jung Tae , Yang Rong , Wang Jiantao , Sun Xueliang
Published: February 2023

Recently, sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted much attention owing to their high ionic conductivity and feasible mechanical features. The environmental stability of sulfide-based SSEs is one of the critical aspects due to the possible decomposition, and ionic conductivity change will affect the fabrication and electrochemical performance of the batteries. Thus, important efforts have been made to reveal and improve their environmental stability, and a timely summary of the progress is urgently needed. In this review, we first clarify the definition of environmental stability and its significance in the context of practical use. After indicating the degradation mechanisms of sulfide-based SSEs, we summarize several effective strategies to improve their stability and also highlight the related theoretical studies. The stability of organic solvents of sulfide SSEs is also summarized and discussed, which may help reliable sulfide SSEs in the battery system. The main target of this review is to gain insights and provide useful guidance to further improve the environmental stability of sulfide SSEs, which will finally promote the commercialization of sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries.
Flexible, Light-Interacting, B-Shaped Structures for Computations
Authors: Yang Nan , Qian Zheng , Wei Huaxian , Zhang Yubo
Published: February 2023

Integrating mechanical computing functions into robotic materials, microelectromechanical systems, or soft robotics can improve their intelligence in stimulation–response processes. Current mechanical computing systems exhibit limitations, including incomplete functions, unchangeable computing rules, difficulties in realizing random logic, and lack of reusability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a straightforward method of designing mechanical computing systems—based on the logic expressions—for complex computations. We designed soft, B-shaped mechanical metamaterial units, and compressed them to render stress inputs; the outputs are represented by the light-shielding effects caused by the unit deformations. We realized logic gates and corresponding combinations (including half/full binary adder/subtractor and addition/subtraction of 2 numbers with multiple bits) and provided a versatile solution for making a mechanical analog-to-digital converter to generate both ordered and disordered numbers. We performed all of the computations within the elastic regions of the B-shaped units; thus, after one computation, the systems can return to the initial states for reuse. The proposed mechanical computers will potentially enable robotic materials, microelectromechanical systems, or soft robotics to perform complex tasks. Furthermore, one can extend this concept to systems that are based on other mechanisms or materials.
Metabolic Pathway of Monounsaturated Lipids Revealed by In-Depth Structural Lipidomics by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Cheng Simin , Zhang Donghui , Feng Jiaxin , Hu Qingyuan , Tan Aolei , Xie Zhuoning , Chen Qinhua , Huang Huimin , Wei Ying , Ouyang Zheng , Ma Xiaoxiao
Published: February 2023

The study of lipid metabolism relies on the characterization of the lipidome, which is quite complex due to the structure variations of the lipid species. New analytical tools have been developed recently for characterizing fine structures of lipids, with C=C location identification as one of the major improvements. In this study, we studied the lipid metabolism reprograming by analyzing glycerol phospholipid compositions in breast cancer cell lines with structural specification extended to the C=C location level. Inhibition of the lipid desaturase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, increased the proportion of
n
-10 isomers that are produced via an alternative fatty acid desaturase 2 pathway. However, there were different variations of the ratio of
n
-9/
n
-7 isomers in C18:1-containing glycerol phospholipids after stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 inhibition, showing increased tendency in MCF-7 cells, MDA-MB-468 cells, and BT-474 cells, but decreased tendency in MDA-MB-231 cells. No consistent change of the ratio of
n
-9/
n
-7 isomers was observed in SK-BR-3 cells. This type of heterogeneity in reprogrammed lipid metabolism can be rationalized by considering both lipid desaturation and fatty acid oxidation, highlighting the critical roles of comprehensive lipid analysis in both fundamental and biomedical applications.
A Method for Traction Ability Research of a Rover Wheel on Mixed Planet Terrain with Movable Stones
Authors: Du Jiangshan , Huang Tieqiu
Published: February 2023

The mixed terrains of terramechanics research are mainly composed of static stones and loose soil. The movement behavior of stones is often ignored while analyzing the influence of the wheel’s traction performance caused by mixed terrain. When a wheel is in contact with the movable stone and with the loose soil at the same time, the residual soil model, therefore, is proposed to simulate the change of the contact force between the wheel and the remaining loose soil caused by the failure of the loose soil in the area covered by stone. The plastic homogeneous soil mechanics model is proposed based on the soil’s mechanical properties. It is used for simulating the reaction force provided by soil to the moving stones. These mechanical models are compiled into the simulation programs, which are called by Adams to calculate the contact forces and moments of the planetary rover’s wheels in the mixed terrain with the movable stone and loose soil. Carrying out soil bin tests under the same experimental conditions, the comparative analysis of the simulation and experiment for a wheel in contact with 4 types of stones shows that the comparison results are in good agreement, which can verify the effectiveness of the proposed models to an extent.
Optimal Solution for OCB Improvement Through Strengthening of Servant Leadership, Creativity, and Empowerment (ATT)
Authors: Hermawan Andi , Sunaryo Widodo , Hardhienata Soewarto
Published: February 2023

In educational institutions, teachers play a central role in the administrative component. Combined with successfully completing the main tasks described in the job description and feeling that they are doing something special, teachers are the key to the success of an organization. Additional activities that are not directly related to the formal reward system that is applied are called OCB (Organizational Citizenship Behavior). Preliminary research shows that PGRI Bogor Vocational High School (SMK) teachers have little OCB information about variables related to increased OCB. This study aims to discuss the relationship between the increase in teacher OCB with the control variables of leadership, creativity and empowerment. This study uses a correlation analysis technique to determine the relationship between the variables studied and the SITEREM index analysis technique to obtain optimal solutions in increasing teacher OCB. The population of this study was 289 teachers at SMK PGRI Bogor. This population was sampled using the Slovin formula in order to obtain a sample of 168 individuals. Correlation analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between subordinate leadership and OCB with a correlation coefficient ry1 = 0.512, and OCB increases when subordinate leadership is strengthened. Creativity and OCB are positively correlated with a correlation coefficient ry2 = 0.438, and OCB increases with increasing creativity. Empowerment and OCB are positively correlated with a correlation coefficient ry3 = 0.502, and increased empowerment increases OCB. The best solution comes from SITEREM analysis. Therefore, out of 27 indicators, 14 good indicators need to be maintained or further developed, and 13 indicators are still weak and need to be improved. 1) Compassion 2) Humility 3) Integrity 4) Accountability 5) Equality 6) Consistency 7) Ethics 8) Mutual assistance 9) Pride 10) Initiative 11) Openness 12 ) Unique ideas 13) Products 14 ) 1. Listening , 2. Courage, 3. Inspirational Gratitude, 4. Need, 5. Wisdom, 6. Problem Solving, 7. Usefulness, 8. Opportunity, 9th Politeness, 10th Citizenship, 11th Awareness, 12th Sport , 13th Altruism.
THE BENEFITS OF SYSTEMATIC LAND FORMALIZATION APPROACH TO WOMEN: A CASE OF IFAKARA TOWN COUNCIL, TANZANIA
Authors: W.M Kavishe , C.P Mahonge
Published: February 2023

The systematic land formalization approach contributes to the women's own land officially, which enables them to use the land for different social and economic purposes and increase their participation in community activities in Tanzania. This study assesses the benefits of the systematic land formalization approach to women in Ifakara town council in Tanzania focusing on social assets associated with land ownership certificates for women, the economic use of land certificates by women and women’s participation in decision-making in rural areas. The study used a cross-sectional design and applied multi-stage and random sampling to select 120 households who participated in Land Tenure Support Programme in Ifakara town Council located in the Morogoro region, Tanzania. The social, economic and participative benefits associated with the systematic land formalization approach were determined using content and descriptive analyses. The study found that women’s acquisition of right to own land officially results in social and economic benefits and increases decision-making power for women in the community. The findings showed a statistical significance (p
Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Pancasila
Authors: Mustofa Taufik , Amar Muzaki Iqbal
Published: February 2023

Pendidikan karakter merupakan salah satu fokus utama dalam reformasi pendidikan di Indonesia. Berbagai konsep pendidikan karakter telah ditawarkan oleh para ahli pendidikan baik konsep pendidikan karakter yang berlandaskan agama, budaya dan falsafah negara. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan konsep pendidikan karakter yang berlandaskan falsafah negara. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pancasila merupakan salah satu dasar dalam merumuskan konsep pendidikan karakter karena terdapat nilai-nilai luhur yang terkandung didalamnya, diantaranya: Nilai Religius, Nilai Humanis, Nilai Persatuan, Nilai Demokratis dan Nilai Sosial.
Winery wastewater treatment
Authors: Сергеев В.В. , Готовцев А.В. , Брезицкий В.Е. , Вольский А.С. , Кащеев Ю.М.
Published: February 2023

Дана оценка эффективности комплексного подхода к очистке сточных вод винзаводов, которые представляют собой хозяйственно-бытовые и промышленные стоки. Предложена технологическая схема очистки сточных вод винзаводов. Реализованные технические решения с использованием основного оборудования отечественного производства позволяют стабильно очищать сточные воды до значений предельно допустимых концентраций загрязняющих веществ, разрешенных для сброса в водоем рыбохозяйственного значения. Очищенный сток также можно использовать в хозяйственной деятельности предприятия. Основное оборудование изготавливается компанией НПП «Полихим» из полимерных материалов (полиэтилен низкого давления, полипропилен, стеклопластик), что гарантирует длительный срок эксплуатации всего комплекса очистных сооружений.

The efficiency of an integrated approach to the treatment of winery wastewater that is household and industrial wastewater, is estimated. A process flow scheme for winery wastewater treatment is proposed. The implemented technical solutions using the basic equipment of home manufacture provide for the sustainable wastewater treatment up to the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants allowed for the discharge into fishery water bodies. The effluent can also be used in the business’s activities. The basic equipment is manufactured by Polikhim SPE of polymer materials (low pressure polyethylene, polypropylene, fiberglass), which guarantees a long service life of the entire complex of the treatment facilities.
CNT-based pellicles for the next generation of EUV scanners
Authors: Ueda Takahiro , Lima Marcio D. , Harada Tetsuo , Kondo Takeshi
Published: February 2023

There has been growing interest among advanced semiconductor manufacturers in pellicles that can withstand conditions in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photolithography. The pellicle must have high mechanical toughness, high transparency in EUV radiation, thermal stability, and chemical stability for ionized and atomic hydrogen. For the above expectations, our experience shows that the carbon nanotube (CNT) yields the most promising results due to its outstanding mechanical and thermal properties. We are developing thin, free-standing CNT films for EUV pellicle application using a liquid filtration manufacturing method. This method has the advantage of producing highly uniform films, allowing us to use a variety of CNT types while avoiding the use of harsh chemicals. To advance our hypothesis, we will examine and discuss EUV radiation durability results evaluated with the NewSUBARU synchrotron light facility.
Pulsed laser deposition of β-NaGaO2: significant dependence of sodium fraction, morphology, and phases of the film on deposition position in the plume
Authors: Suzuki Shunichi , Suzuki Issei , Omata Takahisa
Published: February 2023

Thin films of β-NaGaO2, a precursor material of β-CuGaO2, were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition. The phase and morphology of these films depended on the deposition position, i.e., the target-substrate distance and distance from the central plume axis. Three phases appeared in the films, namely a Na-deficient and stoichiometric β-NaGaO2, amorphous with a Na fraction with total cations, x
Na, of ∼0.375, and an unidentified phase with x
Na of ∼0.57. These three phases formed four characteristic textures. The variation in phase and morphology is discussed and explained in terms of the spatial distribution of the Na fraction and kinetic energy of ablated particles deposited on the substrate. By using the obtained stoichiometric β-NaGaO2 film, a stoichiometric β-CuGaO2 film was successfully fabricated. Its energy band gap was determined to be 1.64 eV, which is approximately 0.1 eV larger than that previously reported for Cu-deficient β-Cu0.9GaO2−δ
.