bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Expression of Cyclin D1 in Cancer
Authors: Inoue Kazushi , Fry Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2015

Cyclin D1 binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (Cdk4/6) to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins, relieving E2F/DPs from the negative restraint of RB proteins and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes activate cyclin E/Cdk2 through titration of the Cdk inhibitors p21Cip1/p27Kip1. Cyclin E/Cdk2 further phosphorylates RBs, thereby activating E2F/DPs, and cells enter the S-phase of the cell cycle. Cyclin D-Cdk4/6 also phosphorylates MEP50 subunit of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which cooperates with cyclin D1 to drive lymphomagenesis in vivo. Activated PRMPT5 causes arginine methylation of p53 to suppress expression of proapoptotic and antiproliferative target genes, explaining the molecular mechanism for tumorigenesis. Cyclin D1 physically interacts with transcription factors such as estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, and Myb family proteins to regulate gene expression in Cdk-independent fashion. Dmp1 is a Myb-like protein that quenches the oncogenic signals from activated Ras or HER2 by inducing Arf/p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Cyclin D1 binds to Dmp1 to activate both Arf and Ink4a promoters to induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in non-transformed cells to prevent them from neoplastic transformation. Dmp1deficiency significantly accelerates mouse mammary tumorigenesis with reduced apoptosis and increased metastasis. Cyclin D1 interferes with ligand activation of PPARγ involved in cellular differentiation; it also physically interacts with HDACs and p300 to repress gene expression. It has also been shown that cyclin D1 accelerates tumorigenesis through transcriptional activation of miR-17/20 and Dicer1 which, in turn, represses cyclin D1 expression. Identification of cyclin D1-binding proteins/promoters will be essential for further clarification of its biological activities.
On Extensions of Stably FiniteC*-Algebras (II)
Authors: Yao Hongliang
Published: September 2015

For any C*-algebra A with an approximate unit of projections, there is a smallest ideal I of A such that the quotient A/I is stably finite. In this paper a sufficient and necessary condition for an ideal of a C*-algebra with real rank zero to be this smallest ideal is obtained by using K-theory
Safety Profile of Nifurtimox and Treatment Interruption for Chronic Chagas Disease in Colombian Adults
Authors: Olivera Mario Javier , Cucunubá Zulma M. , Álvarez Carlos Arturo , Nicholls Rubén Santiago
Published: September 2015

Nifurtimox (NFX) is one of the approved drugs used to treat Chagas disease. Safety profile studies and models on risk factors for treatment interruption in adults are scarce in Latin America. This study evaluated retrospectively the medical records of adult Chagas disease patients treated with NFX between 2007 and 2012 in Bogotá, Colombia. An accelerated failure time model was used, and associations were expressed as time ratio (TR). In total, 76 adult patients with NFX were included: 60 (79.0%) completed 60 days of treatment, 61 (80.3%) presented adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and 16 (21.0%) required treatment interruption. The predominant symptoms were epigastric pain (23.7%), nauseas (18.4%), sleep disturbances (18.4%), loss of appetite (17.1%), and temporary loss of memory (15.2%). ADRs were classified as mild (64.5%), moderate (30.4%), and severe (5.1%). Time of treatment was significantly longer when presenting ≤ 3 ADRs (TR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.04–3.03), presence of non-severe ADRs (TR: 6.52; 95% CI: 3.24–13.1), doses of NFX ≤ 8 mg/kg/day (TR: 1.78; 95% CI: 0.90–3.49), and age < 48 years (TR: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.90–2.74). Treatment with NFX in adults caused a high frequency of ADRs, but most of the cases were mild and did not require treatment interruption. Severity and number of ADRs were the main predictors for treatment interruption.
Free Gingival Graft: A Surgical Boon for Receding Gums
Authors: Kumar R Vinaya , Biswas Shriparna , Nair Sruthi K , Kotha Madhuri , Shivaprasad BM
Published: September 2015

Gingival recession is defined as displacement of the soft tissue margin apical to the cementoenamel junction. The esthetic demand together with reduction of root sensitivity and management of root caries or cervical abrasion are the main indications for root coverage. Available literature indicates that free gingival graft (FGG) is a reliable procedure for root coverage with a success rate ranging from 76 to 95.5%. In this case report, a 32-year-old female patient having Miller's Class III gingival recession in relation to 31 was treated using free gingival graft with satisfactory postoperative results.

How to cite this article

Biswas S, Nair SK, Kotha M, Kumar RV, Shivaprasad BM. Free Gingival Graft: A Surgical Boon for Receding Gums. J Health Sci Res 2014;5(2):25-28.
The unborn Patient: An update on fetal Therapy
Authors: Raghunath BV
Published: September 2015

The traditional method of managing a malformed fetus involves either medical termination of pregnancy or postnatal management. Presently, with advancements in radiodiagnosis, almost all of the congenital malformations occurring in these unborn ‘patients’ can be diagnosed antenatally. With this, fetal intervention, though in its baby steps, has become a reality. The present article reviews the advancements made in fetal therapy.

How to cite this article

Raghunath BV. The Unborn Patient: An Update on Fetal Therapy. J Med Sci 2015;1(1):1-3.
Trichobezoar: presenting as primary Intestinal obstruction
Authors: Madhushankar KC , Manjunath K , Saiprasad B , Saishayam M
Published: September 2015

Rapunzel syndrome is a rare type of trichobezoar with an extension of the hair into the small bowel. Clinical presentation is deceptive and vague ranging from abdominal mass to gastrointestinal symptoms.

Bezoars are usually confined to the stomach which is seen in individuals with psychiatric illness, like trichotillomania, trichophagia and gastric dysmotility. Long standing bezoars may extend into the small intestine leading to a condition known as Rapunzel syndrome. Trichobezoars presenting primarily as intestinal obstruction is very rare. Diagnosis can be established by endoscopy, ultrasonography and computed tomography scan. Treatment includes improvement of general condition and removal of bezoar by laparoscopic approach or laparotomy. Psychiatric consultation is necessary to treat and prevent relapse. We present the case of a 6 years old girl, where the trichobezoar was not suspected at all, especially with negative history of trichophagia and trichotillomania. This girl presented with history of intermittent pain abdomen since 3 months and recent onset severe pain abdomen with abdominal distension and vomiting. Skiagram of abdomen revealed dilated small bowel loops with multiple air fluid levels suggestive of intestinal obstruction. Even ultrasonogram of abdomen was also inconclusive for cause of obstruction. At laparotomy, dilated small bowel loops with multiple interbowel adhesions were seen. A hard mass measuring 5 × 6 cm was seen at distal jejunum causing distal obstruction with pressure necrosis over bowel wall. Enterotomy was done which revealed trichobezoar which was removeden masse. Resection and anastomosis of necrosed jejunum was done. Patient recovered completely after the procedure.

How to cite this article

Madhushankar KC, Manjunath K, Saiprasad B, Saishayam M. Trichobezoar: Presenting as Primary Intestinal Obstruction. J Med Sci 2015;1(1):4-6.
Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Ganesh Arigala
Published: September 2015

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), the most common parasitic brain disease worldwide, is endemic in countries with poor sanitation, and is increasingly being reported in developed countries due to globalization and immigration. One of the most intriguing aspects of NCC is that presumably a high percentage of the individuals harboring NCC remains asymptomatic. It has also been stated that almost any neurological symptomatology may be found, ranging from mild headache or treatable acute seizures to very severe neurological manifestations, such as intracranial hypertension (ICH), dementia or even death.

We are reporting a case of NCC who presented with various clinical manifestations of brain parenchymal lesions, which got cured with treatment. It was confirmed with repeat computed tomography (CT).

How to cite this article

Ganesh A, Patil MB. Neurocysticercosis. J Med Sci 2015;1(1):14-16.
An Atypical Presentation of Chylous Ascites
Authors: Tanusha TR , Patil Mamatha B
Published: September 2015

Chylous ascites (CA) is the extravasation of milky chyle into the peritoneal cavity. Chylous ascites commonly affects adults in 50 to 60 years of age but can also occur in pediatric population. In adults, the most common causes are abdominal malignancies and cirrhosis which account for more than two-third of the cases in developed countries, whereas infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and filariasis, are prevalent in developing countries. Other causes include congenital, inflammatory, postoperative, traumatic and miscellaneous disorders. We hereby report two atypical cases of chylous ascites and also briefly discuss the causes and treatment.

How to cite this article

Tanusha TR, Patil MB. An Atypical Presentation of Chylous Ascites. J Med Sci 2015;1(1):17-20.
Environmental matrices effect in butyltin determinations by GC/MS
Authors: Castro Italo B. , Costa Patrícia G , Primel Ednei Gilberto , Fillmann Gilberto
Published: September 2015

The present study evaluated the matrix effect associated to determination of butyltin compounds (tripropyltin (TPrT), tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT)) in sediment and mussel tissues using derivatization by Grignard reaction and quantification by gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A non-negligible matrix effect was verified for sediments (54.2, 20.3, 13.6 and -53.6 %) and mussel tissues (-12.5, -32.0, 59.4 and 65.7 %) for TPrT, TBT, DBT and MBT respectively. However, this matrix effect was prevailed by preparing the analytical curves using standard addition techniques. Thus, an analytical method was optimized and validated for a more accurate and precise determination of butyltin compounds in sediment and mussel tissue samples.
Piscine micronucleus test and the comet assay reveal genotoxic effects of Atrazine herbicide in the neotropical fish Rhamdia quelen
Authors: Piancini Laercio Dante Stein , Santos Gustavo Souza , Tincani Flávio Henrique , Cestari Marta Margarete
Published: September 2015

Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide extensively used around the world to kill weeds. Due to its applicability and benefits in farming, ATZ can easily reach the aquatic ecosystems and, therefore, represent risks for aquatic biota and human populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of ATZ on Rhamdia quelen through the piscine micronucleus test (MNT) and the comet assay in erythrocytes (ECA) and gill cells (GCA), at three different concentrations (2, 10, and 100 Î¼g L-1) in static (SB) and semi-static bioassays (SSB) during 96 hours. In the SB, we observed an increased frequency of nuclear morphological abnormalities at all concentrations and a dose-dependent effect of ATZ on DNA through the ECA. There was no difference among treatments in gills. In the SSB there was no significant difference in MNT, but the ECA showed an increase of DNA breakages at 10 Î¼g L-1 treatment. GCA showed higher DNA damage on fish exposed to 2 and 100 Î¼g L-1. Our results show a trend to dose-dependent genotoxic effect of ATZ, which causes damage to the DNA of Rhamdia quelen even in a concentration considered safe by regulatory agencies.
Particulate organic matter composition and organic carbon flux in Arctic valley glaciers: examples from the Bayelva River and adjacent Kongsfjorden
Authors: Zhu Z.-Y. , Wu Y. , Liu S.-M. , Wenger F. , Hu J. , Zhang J. , Zhang R.-F.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. In the face of ongoing global warming and glacier retreat, the composition and flux of organic matter in glacier–fjord systems are key variables for updating the carbon cycle and budget, whereas the role of Arctic valley glaciers seems unimportant when compared with the huge Greenland Ice Sheet. Our field observations of the glacier-fed Bayelva River, Svalbard, and the adjacent Kongsfjorden allowed us to determine the compositions of particulate organic matter from glacier to fjord and also to estimate the flux of organic carbon, both for the river and for Svalbard in general. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Bayelva River averaged 56 and 73 μM, respectively, in August 2012. Amino acids (AAs) and phytoplankton pigments accounted for ~ 10 % of the particulate organic matter (POM) in the Bayelva River, while AAs represented > 90 % of particulate nitrogen in fjord surface water, suggesting the strong in situ assimilation of organic matter. Bacteria accounts for 13 and 19 % of the POC in the Bayelva River and the Kongsfjorden, respectively, while values for particulate nitrogen (PN) are much higher (i.e., 36 % in Kongsfjorden). The total discharge from the Bayelva River in 2012 was 29 × 106 m3. Furthermore, we calculated the annual POC, DOC, and PN fluxes for the river as 20 ± 1.6, 25 ± 5.6, and 4.7 ± 0.75 t, respectively. Using the POC content and DOC concentration data, we then estimated the annual POC and DOC fluxes for Svalbard glaciers. Although the estimated POC (0.056 ± 0.02 × 106 t yr−1) and DOC (0.02 ± 0.01 × 106 t yr−1) fluxes of Svalbard glaciers are small compared with those of the Greenland Ice Sheet, the area-weighted POC flux of Svalbard glaciers is twice that of the Greenland Ice Sheet, while the flux of DOC can be 4 to 7 times higher. Therefore, we propose that valley glaciers are efficient high-latitude sources of organic carbon.
Estimating spatial distribution of daily snow depth with kriging methods: combination of MODIS snow cover area data and ground-based observations
Authors: Huang C. L. , Wang H. W. , Hou J. L.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Accurately measuring the spatial distribution of the snow depth is difficult because stations are sparse, particularly in western China. In this study, we develop a novel scheme that produces a reasonable spatial distribution of the daily snow depth using kriging interpolation methods. These methods combine the effects of elevation with information from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover area (SCA) products. The scheme uses snow-free pixels in MODIS SCA images with clouds removed to identify virtual stations, or areas with zero snow depth, to compensate for the scarcity and uneven distribution of stations. Four types of kriging methods are tested: ordinary kriging (OK), universal kriging (UK), ordinary co-kriging (OCK), and universal co-kriging (UCK). These methods are applied to daily snow depth observations at 50 meteorological stations in northern Xinjiang Province, China. The results show that the spatial distribution of snow depth can be accurately reconstructed using these kriging methods. The added virtual stations improve the distribution of the snow depth and reduce the smoothing effects of the kriging process. The best performance is achieved by the OK method in cases with shallow snow cover and by the UCK method when snow cover is widespread.
“Books Are Made out of Books”
Authors: Thompson Lucas
Published: September 2015

This article reverses the central question animating the scholarship surrounding Cormac McCarthy's literary influences to reveal the complex ways in which McCarthy himself has influenced later novelists. Examining David Foster Wallace's fiction as an instructive case study, it shows how McCarthy's influence on a later generation of American writers might be explored. After tracing Wallace's myriad references and allusions to McCarthy's fiction, the article explores the many ways in which Wallace's work registers the influence of McCarthy, suggesting that during the first phase of his career, Wallace's appropriation hinged on both pastoral lyricism and moral gravity. In the second phase, Wallace's relationship to the older writer became increasingly ambivalent and confrontational, and the article traces the considerable lengths he went to in order to extricate himself from what had become an overly constrictive influence.
One Drive, Two Deaths in Cormac McCarthy'sChild of God
Authors: Jenkins Christopher
Published: September 2015

This article will offer a reading of Child of God that integrates the supposedly black and white discourses of theology and psychoanalytic theory. One of the main themes in Child of God is the close relationship between sex and death as drives that shape human action and fate. These drives, as fundamental to human nature, have most notably been theorized by Freud. Accordingly, this article argues that in Child of God McCarthy offers a vision of reality in which the sex and death drives are situated in the greater context of a Christian metaphysics of self, thereby repositioning certain Freudian insights within a view of reality repudiated by Freud.
Acute Kidney Injury Recognition and Management: A Review of the Literature and Current Evidence
Authors: Shah Syed Raza , Tunio Sameer Altaf , Arshad Mohammad Hussham , Moazzam Zorays , Noorani Komal , Feroze Anushe Mohsin , Shafquat Maham , Hussain Huma Syed , Jeoffrey Syed Ali Hyder
Published: September 2015

Acute renal failure is defined as a rapid decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, occurring over a period of hours to days and by the inability of the kidney to regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis appropriately. AKI is a catastrophic, life-threatening event in critically ill patients. AKI can be divided into pre-renal injury, intrinsic kidney disease (including vascular insults) and obstructive uropathies. The prognosis of AKI is highly dependent on the underlying cause of the injury. Children who have AKI as a component of multisystem failure have a much higher mortality rate than children with intrinsic renal disease. Treatment of AKI is subjected to risk stratification and ongoing damage control measures, such as patients with sepsis, exposure to nephrotoxic agents, ischemia, bloody diarrhea, or volume loss, could be helped by optimizing the fluid administrations, antibiotics possessing least nephrotoxic potential, blood transfusion where hemoglobin is dangerously low, limiting the use of nephrotoxic agents including radio contrast use, while maximize the nutrition. Acute kidney injury remains a complex disorder with an apparent differentiation in pathology between septic and nonseptic forms of the disease. Although more studies are still required, progress in this area has been steady over the last decade with purposeful international collaboration.
Sensory Evaluation of Moringa- Probiotic Yogurt Containing Banana, Sweet Potato or Avocado
Authors: Kuikman Megan , O'Connor Colleen P.
Published: September 2015

This study evaluated the effects of adding selected fruits and vegetables local to Mwanza, Tanzania on the sensory qualities of probiotic yogurt supplemented with Moringa oleifera, a local tree with a high micronutrient and protein content. A total of five samples were evaluated: 1) Probiotic yogurt (control), 2) Moringa probiotic yogurt, 3) Moringa-banana probiotic yogurt, 4) Moringa-sweet potato probiotic yogurt, and 5) Moringa- avocado probiotic yogurt. Consumers (n= 37) rated the five different samples on a 9-point hedonic scale for four sensory characteristics (flavour, appearance, texture and overall quality). The control sample and the Moringa-banana sample had significantly higher ratings (p<0.05) than the Moringa sample for appearance, flavour, texture and overall quality. The Moringa-banana sample was not found to be significantly different than the control sample for all sensory characteristics (p>0.05). Overall, the addition of banana to Moringa probiotic yogurt resulted in a product with comparable sensory qualities to probiotic yogurt alone.
Inverse problems for the differential operator on the graph with a cycle with different orders on different edges
Authors: Bondarenko Natalia
Published: September 2015

We consider a variable order differential operator on a graph with a cycle. We study inverse spectral problems for this operator by the system of spectra. Uniqueness theorems are proved, and constructive algorithms are obtained for the solution of the inverse problems.
Novel epitopes identified from efflux pumps ofMycobacterium tuberculosiscould induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte response
Authors: Zhai Ming-xia , Chen Fei , Zhao Yuan-yuan , Wu Ya-hong , Li Guo-dong , Gao Yan-feng , Qi Yuan-ming
Published: September 2015

Overcoming drug-resistance is one of the major challenges to control tuberculosis (TB). The up-regulation of efflux pumps is one common mechanism that leads to drug-resistance. Therefore, immunotherapy targeting these efflux pump antigens could be promising strategy to be combined with current chemotherapy. Considering that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by antigenic peptides (epitopes) could elicit HLA-restricted anti-TB immune response, efflux pumps from classical ABC family (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb) were chosen as target antigens to identify CTL epitopes. HLA-A2 restricted candidate peptides from Rv2937, Rv2686c and Rv2687c ofMycobacterium tuberculosiswere predicted, synthesized and tested. Five peptides could induce IFN-γ release and cytotoxic activity in PBMCs from HLA-A2+PPD+donors. Results from HLA-A2/Kbtransgenic mice immunization assay suggested that four peptides Rv2937-p168, Rv2937-p266, Rv2686c-p151, and Rv2686c-p181 could induce significant CTL responsein vivo. These results suggested that these novel epitopes could be used as immunotherapy candidates to TB drug-resistance.
Humans differ in their personal microbial cloud
Authors: Meadow James F. , Altrichter Adam E. , Bateman Ashley C. , Stenson Jason , Brown GZ , Green Jessica L. , Bohannan Brendan J.M.
Published: September 2015

Dispersal of microbes between humans and the built environment can occur through direct contact with surfaces or through airborne release; the latter mechanism remains poorly understood. Humans emit upwards of 106biological particles per hour, and have long been known to transmit pathogens to other individuals and to indoor surfaces. However it has not previously been demonstrated that humans emit a detectible microbial cloud into surrounding indoor air, nor whether such clouds are sufficiently differentiated to allow the identification of individual occupants. We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to characterize the airborne bacterial contribution of a single person sitting in a sanitized custom experimental climate chamber. We compared that to air sampled in an adjacent, identical, unoccupied chamber, as well as to supply and exhaust air sources. Additionally, we assessed microbial communities in settled particles surrounding each occupant, to investigate the potential long-term fate of airborne microbial emissions. Most occupants could be clearly detected by their airborne bacterial emissions, as well as their contribution to settled particles, within 1.5–4 h. Bacterial clouds from the occupants were statistically distinct, allowing the identification of some individual occupants. Our results confirm that an occupied space is microbially distinct from an unoccupied one, and demonstrate for the first time that individuals release their own personalized microbial cloud.
Consequences of life history switch point plasticity for juvenile morphology and locomotion in theTúngara frog
Authors: Charbonnier Julie F. , Vonesh James R.
Published: September 2015

Many animals with complex life cycles can cope with environmental uncertainty by altering the timing of life history switch points through plasticity. Pond hydroperiod has important consequences for the fitness of aquatic organisms and many taxa alter the timing of life history switch points in response to habitat desiccation. For example, larval amphibians can metamorphose early to escape drying ponds. Such plasticity may induce variation in size and morphology of juveniles which can result in carry-over effects on jumping performance. To investigate the carry-over effects of metamorphic plasticity to pond drying, we studied the Túngara frog,Physalaemus pustulosus, a tropical anuran that breeds in highly ephemeral habitats. We conducted an outdoor field mesocosm experiment in which we manipulated water depth and desiccation and measured time and size at metamorphosis, tibiofibula length and jumping performance. We also conducted a complimentary laboratory experiment in which we manipulated resources, water depth and desiccation. In the field experiment, metamorphs from dry-down treatments emerged earlier, but at a similar size to metamorphs from constant depth treatments. In the laboratory experiment, metamorphs from the low depth and dry-down treatments emerged earlier and smaller. In both experiments, frogs from dry-down treatments had relatively shorter legs, which negatively impacted their absolute jumping performance. In contrast, reductions in resources delayed and reduced size at metamorphosis, but had no negative effect on jumping performance. To place these results in a broader context, we review past studies on carry-over effects of the larval environment on jumping performance. Reductions in mass and limb length generally resulted in lower jumping performance across juvenile anurans tested to date. Understanding the consequences of plasticity on size, morphology and performance can elucidate the linkages between life stages.
Endemism in the genus Pertusaria (Pertusariales, lichenized Ascomycota) from the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Bungartz Frank , Elix John A. , Yánez-Ayabaca Alba , Archer Alan W.
Published: September 2015

This revision of Pertusaria in the Galapagos Islands documents twenty-four species, twenty-two being new to the archipelago. Secondary chemistry correlates well with morphology and anatomy and is particularly useful in distinguishing these taxa. Eight species are described as new to science, and seven are known only from the Galapagos: Pertusaria albineoides, P. cerroazulensis, P. darwiniana, P. medullamarilla, P. stictica, P. thioisidiata and P. xanthoisidiata. Pertusaria lueckingii is new, but it also occurs in Central America (El Salvador). Three new endemic varieties are described based on their chemistry: Pertusaria thioisidiata var. isidiogyrophorica, P. tejocotensis var. stictica and P. xantholeucoides var. thamnolica. In contrast with previous studies on other genera where rates of endemism of 8–10% were observed, in Pertusaria 30–37% of all species and 41–46% of all taxa are considered endemic.
Schwetschkeopsis fabronia (Schwägr.) Broth. (Bryophyta: Fabroniaceae): a species new to Thailand
Authors: Sukkharak Phiangpak , He Si
Published: September 2015

Schwetschkeopsis fabronia (Schwägr.) Broth. collected from Pa Nang Koy cave, Phrae province is a species newly recorded for Thailand. A description with illustrations is provided.
Three new combinations in Acilepis D.Don (Asteraceae) from India.
Authors: Muthu Kottai
Published: September 2015

Critical studies with protologue and type specimens of Vernonia anaimudica B.V. Shetty & Vivek., Vernonia pothigaiana Chellad. & Gopalan and Vernonia pulneyensis Gamble shows the diagnostic features of Acilepis rather than Vernonia sensu stricto. Hence, they are transferred from Vernonia Schreb. to Acilepis D. Don.
Addition of HOBt improves the conversion of thioester‐Amine chemical ligation
Authors: Todorovski Toni , Suñol David , Riera Antoni , Macias Maria J.
Published: September 2015

The syntheses of large peptides and of those containing non‐natural amino acids can be facilitated by the application of convergent approaches, dissecting the native sequence into segments connected through a ligation reaction. We describe an improvement of the ligation protocol used to prepare peptides and proteins without cysteine residues at the ligation junction. We have found that the addition of HOBt to the ligation, improves the conversion of the ligation reaction without affecting the epimerization rate or chemoselectivity, and it can be efficiently used with peptides containing phosphorylated amino acids. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 693–702, 2015.
Dual antiplatelet agents and Rivaroxaban for massive intracoronary thrombus in STEMI
Authors: Jamal Nasiruddin , Bapumia Mustaafa
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical Message

Management of intracoronary thrombus in patients presenting more than 12 hours after the onset of ST elevation myocardial infarction is challenging. We present such a case which had massive thrombus in left anterior descending artery. It was managed successfully with dual antiplatelet agents and factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban administered orally.
Hierarchical SnO2/Carbon Nanofibrous Composite Derived from Cellulose Substance as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Mengya , Li Shun , Zhang Yiming , Huang Jianguo
Published: September 2015

A hierarchical fibrous SnO2/carbon nanocomposite composed of fine SnO2 nanocrystallites immobilized as a thin layer on a carbon nanofiber surface was synthesized employing natural cellulose substance as both scaffold and carbon source. It was achieved by calcination/carbonization of the as‐deposited SnO2‐gel/cellulose hybrid in an argon atmosphere. As being employed as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the porous structures, small SnO2 crystallite sizes, and the carbon buffering matrix possessed by the nanocomposite facilitate the electrode–electrolyte contact, promote the electron transfer and Li+ diffusion, and relieve the severe volume change and aggregation of the active particles during the charge/discharge cycles. Hence, the nanocomposite showed high reversible capacity, significant cycling stability, and rate capability that are superior to the nanotubular SnO2 and SnO2 sol–gel powder counter materials. For such a composite with 27.8 wt % SnO2 content and 346.4 m2 g−1 specific surface area, a capacity of 623 mAh g−1 was delivered after 120 cycles at 0.2 C. Further coating of the SnO2/carbon nanofibers with an additional carbon layer resulted in an improved cycling stability and rate performance.
Joint relay antenna and precoding selection for K‐user MIMO Y channels with physical‐layer network coding
Authors: Wang Fanzhao , Song Qingyang , Ning Zhaolong , Zhou Lining
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we focus on physical‐layer network coding (PNC) used in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) Y channels, where K users simultaneously exchange messages with each other via a shared relay. For MIMO‐PNC, signal space alignment for network coding (SSA‐NC) is a promising precoding method and can achieve K(K‐1) degrees of freedom if certain conditions can be satisfied. An important one is that the number of relay antennas is less than twice of the user antennas, that is, the dimensionality constraint of SSA‐NC. In this paper, we focus on a particular scenario where the dimensionality constraint is not satisfied. In order to resolve this problem, we develop a scheme of jointly selecting relay antennas and precoding vectors. In particular, a novel precoding and detection method is presented to alleviate the interference caused by simultaneous transmissions. Through analyzing the symbol error rate performance of MIMO‐PNC, we establish the relationship between the achievable flow diversity gain and the optimal number of the antennas, and a precoding selection method is designed under a given relay antenna configuration. Finally, we propose a joint scheme to select the optimal relay antenna configuration and precoding vectors. Numerical results demonstrate that the presented scheme can effectively support MIMO‐PNC in various scenarios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid State Electrochemical Oxidation of Some Bisphosphoramidates in Aqueous Media and their Applications in DNA Sensing
Authors: Gholivand Mohammad Bagher , Mohammadi‐Behzad Leila , Paimard Giti , Gholivand Khodayar , Gholami Akram
Published: September 2015

Bisphosphoramidates are known as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral drugs and enzyme inhibitory agents. These compounds are electroactive and insoluble in aqueous media. Hence, a comprehensive study about the electrochemical properties of them seems very interesting. The oxidative behaviors of some bisphosphoramidates were studied in buffer solution over a wide pH range by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry using spiked carbon paste electrodes. The interaction of these compounds with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) showed the ability of these compounds as DNA sensing. The decrease in the anodic peaks of bisphosphoramidates in the presence of DNA was used for the DNA monitoring.
Use of transoral nasopharyngeal brush biopsy for Epstein–Barr virus DNA detection of local recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy
Authors: Lam Jacky Wai‐Kei , Chan Jimmy Yu‐Wai , Ho Wai‐Kuen , Tsang Raymond King‐Yin
Published: September 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of transoral nasopharyngeal brush biopsies and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA detection system in surveillance of local recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed to compare the nasopharyngeal epithelial EBV DNA levels of patients with recurrent NPC and the control group of postirradiated patients with NPC disease in remission.

Results

Fourteen patients with recurrent NPC and 15 postirradiated patients in disease remission were recruited for transoral brush biopsies. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean EBV detection level (EDL) of the recurrence group (EDL = 2.38) and the control group (EDL = 0.17; p < .0001). There was no significant correlation between the EDL and the recurrence of T classification disease.

Conclusion

The transoral brush biopsy and qPCR EBV DNA detection system may provide an additional surveillance strategy for recurrence of NPC. Further study is required to validate its sensitivity, specificity, and cost‐effectiveness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1301–E1304, 2016
Improving the 18F‐fluoromethylcholine (18F‐FCH) radiochemical yield via optimising the azeotropic drying of non‐carrier‐added 18F‐fluorine
Authors: Hassan Hishar , Abu Bakar Suharzelim , Che A. Halim Khairul Najah , Idris Jaleezah , Ahmad Saad Fathinul Fikri , Nordin Abdul Jalil
Published: September 2015

18F‐Fluoromethylcholine (18F‐FCH) has been suggested as one of the reputable imaging tracers for diagnosis of prostate tumour in PET/CT examination. Nevertheless, it has never been synthesised in Malaysia. We acknowledged the major problem with 18F‐FCH is due to its relatively low radiochemical yield at the end of synthesis (EOS). Therefore, this technical note presents improved 18F‐FCH radiochemical yields after carrying out optimisation on azeotropic drying of non‐carrier‐added 18F‐Fluorine.
The importance of surgical margins in breast cancer
Authors: O'Kelly Priddy Colleen M. , Forte Victoria A. , Lang Julie E.
Published: September 2015

Achieving negative margins with “no tumor on ink” is an appropriate goal in breast conserving therapy (BCT). Wider margins do not decrease recurrence rates, and re‐excision in patients with microscopic positive margins is warranted. Several strategies exist to increase rates of negative margins, including techniques to improve tumor localization, intraoperative assessment of margins and oncoplastic techniques. Negative margins should be the goal of BCT, as this will improve both local control and long‐term survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:256–263. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CREBBP and EP300 mutational spectrum and clinical presentations in a cohort of Swedish patients with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
Authors: Wincent Josephine , Luthman Aron , van Belzen Martine , van der Lans Christian , Albert Johanna , Nordgren Ann , Anderlid Britt‐Marie
Published: September 2015

Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, broad thumbs and halluces, growth retardation, and a variable degree of cognitive impairment. CREBBP is the major causative gene and mutations in EP300 are the cause of RTS in a minority of patients. In this study, 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of RTS were investigated with direct sequencing, MLPA, and array‐CGH in search for mutations in these two genes. Eleven patients (64.7%) had disease‐causing point mutations or a deletion in CREBBP and in one patient (5.9%) a causal de novo frameshift mutation in EP300 was identified. This patient had broad thumbs, mild intellectual disability, and autism. In addition, an inherited missense mutation of uncertain clinical significance was identified in EP300 in one patient and his healthy father, and three patients had intronic nucleotide changes of uncertain clinical significance in CREBBP. Snoring and sleep apnea were common in both groups and four of the patients' mothers had preeclampsia during pregnancy. Importantly, difficulties associated with anesthesia were frequently reported and included delayed or complicated emergency in 53.3% of patients.
Integer programming, Constraint programming, and metaheuristic approaches for static optimization of anycast flows in elastic optical networks
Authors: Kucharzak Michal , Walkowiak Krzysztof , Kopec Pawel , Bulira Damian , Kasprzak Andrzej
Published: September 2015

Elastic optical network (EON) is a novel optical technology introduced recently to provide flexible and multibitrate data transmission in the optical layer. Since many new network services including cloud computing and content delivery networks are provisioned with the use of specialized data centers located in different network nodes, in place of one‐to‐one unicast transmission, the anycast transmission defined as one‐to‐one‐of‐many gains much popularity as a quite simple way to improve network performance. Therefore, this article focuses on modeling and static optimization of anycast flows in EONs. In particular, a ‐hard Routing and Spectrum Allocation for Restoration of Anycast Flows (RSA/RAF) problem is formulated. Next, various optimization approaches are proposed to solve this problem, namely, integer linear programming (ILP) using branch and bound algorithm, constraint programming (CP), and various heuristic approaches. Extensive numerical experiments are run to evaluate and compare all proposed methods. The main conclusion is that in some cases the CP approach is more efficient than the ILP modeling. Moreover, the results show that the SA algorithm significantly outperforms other heuristic methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 66(4), 253–266 2015
Synthesis and characterization of nano‐modified permeability membrane
Authors: Mo Yuexiang , Yang Xinhui , Liu Wenli , Zhang Mingqiu , Ruan Wenhong
Published: September 2015

Novel high‐flux and fouling‐resistant pervaporation membranes were synthesized. The nano‐SiO2/polyurethane acrylate (NPUSA) membrane was prepared by 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate, hydroxy alkyl silicone oil (Tech‐2120), and hydroxyethyl acrylate and cross‐linked with the monomer pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) by UV curing technology. Nano‐SiO2, which has a large amount of hydroxyl groups that can make a reaction with the isocyanato (NCO), was used as a cross‐linking agent as well as an inorganic silicone precursor to generate an inorganic network. An inorganic organosiloxane network (SiOSi) was generated in the membrane by the electrophilic addition of carbamate between hydroxyl groups and isocyanato. The impact of nano‐SiO2 to NPUSA membrane was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography, thermal gravimetric analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of the SiOSi network in the membrane, and AFM analysis confirmed the homogeneous distribution of this network throughout the membrane. The performance of NPUSA/PETA membrane was also compared with the commercially available membranes poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylonitrile) and polydimethylsiloxane and was found to be more resistant to compaction and with better permeability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the CMCC eddy‐permitting global ocean physical reanalysis system (C‐GLORS, 1982–2012) and its assimilation components
Authors: Storto Andrea , Masina Simona , Navarra Antonio
Published: September 2015

Ocean reanalyses are data assimilative simulations, aimed at estimating the four‐dimensional state of the ocean over long periods, in a way as consistent over time as possible. They are designed for a wide range of climate applications, such as climate monitoring and low‐frequency variability studies, along with several downstream applications (e.g. biogeochemical and fishery modelling, initial conditions for long‐range coupled predictions, regional model nesting). An upgraded version of the Euro‐Mediterranean Center for Climate Change (CMCC) eddy‐permitting global ocean reanalysis, named CMCC Global Ocean Reanalysis System (C‐GLORS) version 4, was recently released. The reanalysis covers the meteorological satellite era (1982–2012). This article details the configuration of the reanalysis system and provides an extensive validation, focusing on the evaluation of main indexes related to climate monitoring. Cumulative denial experiments are also conducted, in order to understand the relative impact of assimilation components included in C‐GLORS (i.e. altimetric data, variational assimilation, bias correction and surface nudging). Results indicate that C‐GLORS proves reliable in simulating long‐term means, heat and freshwater trends, sea‐level variability, mean surface circulation and transports, eddy variability and meridional overturning circulation and its associated heat transport, except for a few specific issues (overestimation of volume transports in the Southern Ocean and slight underestimation of the Atlantic ocean meridional overturning circulation and associated heat transport, the latter mostly linked to underestimation of western boundary northward transports). The results also demonstrate the complementarity of the assimilation components, all improving verification skill scores, for example the importance of the variational assimilation for the simulation of the reanalysis small‐scale variability, the importance of the bias‐correction scheme for correcting subsurface salinity errors or the role of surface nudging in driving the North Atlantic ocean circulation. The analyses presented here offer ideas for improving C‐GLORS further and for the requirements of next‐generation ocean reanalysis systems.
Resolving ruthenium: XPS studies of common ruthenium materials
Authors: Morgan David J.
Published: September 2015

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) utilising monochromatic Al Kα radiation has been employed to study metallic ruthenium and the catalytically and technologically important ruthenium compounds RuO2, RuCl3, Ru(NO)(NO3)3 and Ru(AcAc)3. The results improve on the accuracy of already published Ru(3d) binding energies, expand known Ru(3p) binding energies and also report spin‐orbit splitting for the core levels. For RuO2, the difference between anhydrous and hydrated samples is explored, and the effect on curve fitting such spectra is discussed. Analysis of RuCl3 has allowed, for the first time, the positive identification of Ru(OH)3 by XPS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal cardiac adaptation to subsequent pregnancy in formerly pre‐eclamptic women according to recurrence of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Ghossein‐Doha C. , Spaanderman M. E. A. , Al Doulah R. , Van Kuijk S. M. , Peeters L. L. H.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

Left‐ventricular remodeling in women with pre‐eclampsia (PE) is concentric rather than eccentric, and tends to persist postpartum, particularly after early‐onsetPE. This study was designed to determine whether prepregnancy cardiac geometry and function along with cardiac adaptation to the subsequent pregnancy in former early‐onsetPEpatients differs between those who do and those who do not develop recurrentPElater on in their second pregnancy.

Methods

In 51 women with a history of early‐onsetPE, we performed serial cardiac ultrasound examinations and recorded automated measurements of blood pressure/heart rate before pregnancy and again at three consecutive times in the first half of their subsequent pregnancy. From the hospital records, we retrieved information on pregnancy outcome. We compared intergroup differences in cardiac indices using independent samplest‐test, and intergroup differences in prepregnant cardiac ultrasound indices and subsequent pregnancy‐induced cardiac adaptive response using repeated‐measuresANOVA.

Results

PErecurred in 14/51 (27%) women. Preconception, the recurrent‐PEgroup differed from the non‐recurrent‐PEgroup by having a lower left‐ventricular mass (LVM) index (28vs32 g/m2.7,P < 0.05) and stroke volume (68vs77 mL,P < 0.05), and a higher resting heart rate (71vs64 bpm,P < 0.05). Despite these prepregnancy differences, the pregnancy‐induced pattern of cardiac adaptive response was comparable in the two subgroups. After excluding hypertensive women, prepregnancy values for theLVMindex remained significantly lower in the recurrent‐PEgroup.

Conclusions

Women with recurrentPEdiffered from the non‐recurrent‐PEgroup by having a lowerLVMindex and stroke volume, and a higher heart rate, but they responded to their subsequent pregnancy with a similar pattern of cardiac adaptation. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Spatial Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera in the Palar Estuary, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Nagendra R. , Sathiyamoorthy P. , Reddy A. Nallapa , Ramachandran A.
Published: September 2015

Spatial variability of estuarine benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the surface (0-1cm) sediments has been determined for the Palar river estuary, Tamil Nadu. Twelve bottom water and sediment grab samples were collected at different water depths in the estuarine zone to determine the ecological relationship of benthic foraminiferal assemblages with physicochemical characteristics. The water analyses revealed that hypo saline, high dissolved oxygen and low pH conditions were prevailing at water-substrate interface at the time of sampling. The study indicated that salinity, pH and substrate have a patchy linear relationship with living and total faunal frequency but individual species Ammonia beccarii, A. tepida and A. parkinsoniana showed positive linear correlation with salinity and dissolved oxygen values. The restricted connectivity of the estuary with Bay of Bengal and frequent anthropogenic activity appeared to have an adverse effect on the faunal abundance, diversity and spatial distribution. The Q mode cluster analysis based on single linkage approach was performed to determine if any groups of samples or species correlated with ambient environmental factors. The study identified a total of 36 benthic foraminifer species belonging to 3 sub-orders. The faunal assemblages were dominated by two species Ammonia parkinsoniana and A.beccarii nearly at all the sampling stations.