bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moderate–Vigorous Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep Time Profiles: A Cluster Analysis in Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Sanz-Martín Daniel , Zurita-Ortega Félix , Ruiz-Tendero Germán , Ubago-Jiménez José Luis
Published: January 2023

The study had two aims: (1) To classify the adolescents according to their levels of moderate–vigorous physical activity, screen time and sleep time, and (2) to analyze, in a descriptive and correlational manner, the profiles of moderate–vigorous physical activity, screen time and sleep time of each cluster according to the sex and grade of the adolescents. The study design was cross-sectional, with descriptive and correlational analysis. The sample consisted of 663 adolescents in Compulsory Secondary Education from Soria (Spain). The Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time. The results showed that the young people had an average of 67.99 ± min/day of moderate–vigorous physical activity, 112.56 min/day of screen time and 548.63 min/day of sleep time. Adolescents were classified into three clusters according to their levels of physical activity, screen time and sleep time (FMANOVA (6,1318) = 314.439; p ≤ 0.001; β = 1; f = 1.177). In conclusion, only 28.21% of the young people accomplished the recommendations for physical activity practice, screen time and sleep time. Moreover, these results vary according to the sex and grade of the adolescents.
Food Behaviours and Health Indicators in Manitoba Adolescents and Relation to the Healthy Eating Index
Authors: Slater Joyce , Pilli Bhanu , Hinds Aynslie , Katz Alan , Urquia Marcelo L. , Sanguins Julianne , Green Chris , Cidro Jaime , Chateau Dan , Nickel Nathan
Published: January 2023

Adolescence is a vital period of growth and development, both of which are dependent on adequate nutrition; however, concerns persist about poor nutrition and inappropriate food behaviours. In addition to nutrition assessment, the context of food and health behaviour is necessary to understand how dietary choices are shaped and related to diet quality. This study describes food-related behaviours and health indicators associated with dietary quality among adolescents in Manitoba, Canada. A stratified two-stage sampling method was used to collect data on the diet, food behaviours and health indicators of 1587 grade nine students. Diet quality was analysed using the Healthy Eating Index-Canada. Several food behaviours and health indicators varied by gender and school region (urban, rural, northern). The Independent Samples t-test and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) assessed differences between groups on the Healthy Eating Index-Canada. Higher Healthy Eating Index-Canada scores were found for those eating family dinners more frequently; consuming breakfast and lunch more frequently; consuming breakfast at home; eating lunch and morning snacks at school; purchasing fewer meals and snacks from cafeterias and vending machines; believing that food and nutrition education is important; not attempting to lose weight; being classified as ‘healthy weight’; and getting more sleep. Many Manitoba youth are exhibiting food and health behaviours that increase their risk of having a poor diet.
Organizational Change and Workplace Incivility: Mediated by Stress, Moderated by Emotional Exhaustion
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ali , Imran Muhammad , Rosak-Szyrocka Joanna , Vasa László , Hadi Noor Ul
Published: January 2023

Modern organizations continuously undergo change processes. The focus of the organizations remains on the macro level, but the micro level (i.e., employee’s perspective) is neglected. Using the conservation of resource theory (COR), this study examines the association between organizational change and workplace incivility. This study also proposes mediating and moderating mechanisms of stress and emotional exhaustion. The data were collected from 262 respondents working in public sector organizations in Pakistan using a time-lagged technique. The results proved that change significantly impacts workplace incivility. Moreover, stress mediates their relationship and emotional exhaustion moderates it. Furthermore, emotional exhaustion also moderates the stress–incivility relationship. Public sector organizations must focus on well-planned, inclusive, and adequately managed change processes to achieve the desired outcome; otherwise, adverse behaviors, including incivility, manifest. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the organizational change and incivility relationship has not been explored in the past. Additionally, their relationship with stress and emotional exhaustion also requires empirical investigation. This study also adds to the literature on the conservation of resource theory.
Heated Tobacco Products: Awareness, Beliefs, Use and Susceptibility among US Adult Current Tobacco Users, 2021
Authors: Sparrock Lindsey S. , Phan Lilianna , Chen-Sankey Julia , Hacker Kiana , Ajith Aniruddh , Jewett Bambi , Choi Kelvin
Published: January 2023

Limited data exist on the awareness, beliefs, and use of heated tobacco products (HTPs). Data from 1583 U.S. adult (age ≥ 21 years) current tobacco users were collected in 2021. Participants self-reported HTP awareness, beliefs, use, and susceptibility, as well as current tobacco product use and sociodemographics. We used weighted logistic and multinomial regression models to explore their associations. Overall, 23.6% were aware of, 8.9% had ever used, and 3.0% currently used HTPs. Younger individuals (vs. 61+ years), those with annual income $50,000+ (vs. <$50,000), and those currently using electronic vaping products (vs. non-users) were more likely to be aware of, to have ever used, and to currently be using HTPs (p < 0.05). Black individuals (vs. White) were more likely to report ever and current HTP use (p < 0.05). Current cigarette smoking was not associated with HTP awareness and use (p > 0.05). Holding favorable HTP beliefs was associated with susceptibility to and more advanced HTP use statuses (p < 0.05). Sociodemographics associated with HTP use may reflect HTP marketing strategies. The lack of association with cigarette smoking suggests HTPs may be unlikely cigarette substitutes. Addressing favorable HTP-related beliefs may prevent dual use.
Parental Postnatal Depression in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Its Effects on the Parent–Child Relationship and the Child’s Developmental Outcomes
Authors: Federica Genova , Renata Tambelli , Marzilli Eleonora
Published: January 2023

The international literature has shown that maternal and paternal postnatal depression (PND) is one of the most common mental illnesses in the perinatal period, with significant consequences for parent–infant relationships and infant development. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the rates of prevalence of PND, exacerbating the mental health risk for new families. This systematic review aims to examine the effect of maternal and paternal PND on parent–infant relationships and children’s development in the first 36 months after childbirth during the COVID-19 outbreak. Eligible studies were identified using the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Of the 1252 studies considered, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that maternal PND significantly affected the quality of the early mother–infant relationship and the infant’s motor, self-regulation, and socio-emotional development. In addition, the detrimental impact of maternal PND on the quality of early mother–infant relationships seems to become stronger as COVID-19 concerns increase. No studies included fathers. These findings strengthened the importance of planning targeted prevention and treatment strategies to prevent PND and its short- and long-term consequences, especially in the case of stressful and traumatic events. They also suggested the urgent need for further exploration of fathers.
Clinical and Forensic Aspects of the Management of Child Abuse: The Experience of the Paediatric Emergency Department in Novara, North-West Italy
Authors: Puppi Micol , Rota Linda , Scotti Lorenza , Rabbone Ivana , Gino Sarah
Published: January 2023

Background: Child abuse is an endemic phenomenon that refers to any form of violence aimed at children and adolescents. The Emergency Room is often the entry point to healthcare for the abused child. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including minors, aged 0–18 years, of all genders, who experienced any form of violence examined at the Paediatric Emergency Department of the ‘Maggiore della Carità’ Hospital in Novara (North-West Italy) between 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. Data were extrapolated by looking at the diagnosis at discharge. A comparison of the different variables collected was made between the pre-COVID-19 period and the COVID era. Results: 120 minors presented to the paediatric emergency room seeking help for violence. The average age was 10 years, 55% of the victims were male and 75% of them were Italian. In the pre-COVID period, the number of presentations for abuse was 62, while in the COVID period it was 58 with an increase of peer violence (from 38.71% to 62.07%) and with a statistically significant impact of the pandemic on the phenomenon (p-value < 0.00001). In general, peer violence accounts for 50% of the cases reviewed and resulted in fewer reports to the judicial authority and requests for forensic advice. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2-related pandemic has had an impact on total emergency room admissions and the types of abuse perpetrated.
Teaching Digital Medicine in a Virtual Classroom: Impacts on Student Mindset and Competencies
Authors: Nitsche Julia , Busse Theresa S. , Ehlers Jan P.
Published: January 2023

Digital competencies, as well as knowledge about digital medicine, are becoming increasingly relevant but are rarely reflected in teaching concepts at universities. One reason for this is probably the fact that they are not yet part of the curricula in many areas or countries (such as medicine in Germany). Therefore, courses that address digital competencies and intend to impart knowledge about digital medicine are not subject to any curricular specifications and have a correspondingly broad range of possible designs. This article reports findings from an investigation on an interdisciplinary and cross-faculty course on digital medicine. An online questionnaire was used to assess student attitudes toward digital medicine topics and conduct self-assessments of their digital competencies before and after the course. The aim of this study was to test whether such a course could influence students’ attitudes and competencies. Group comparisons revealed statistically significant changes. They proved that the described course and its content regarding digital transformation in healthcare and digital medicine had an impact on digital competencies and participant opinions on digital topics. In order to teach students important competencies for the 21st century, universities should offer more courses that address digital transformation and support students in improving their competencies.
Grip Strength and Sports Performance in Competitive Master Weightlifters
Authors: Huebner Marianne , Riemann Bryan , Hatchett Andrew
Published: January 2023

Grip strength (GS) is correlated with major muscle group strength; weakness and asymmetry in older adults are predictive of future disease and functional limitation risk. GS at different ages and hand symmetry for Olympic-style weightlifters and their association with performance have not been established. GS was measured in 164 athletes participating in the 2022 World Master Weightlifting Championships. The objectives wereto study the magnitude of the age-associated decline in GS in weightlifters and the association of GS with weightlifting performance. Hand symmetry was considered as a potential factor in successful lifts. Ages ranged from 35 to 90 (mean 53 years). Participants reported weekly training averages of 8.3 h of weightlifting and 4.1 additional hours of physical activities. The age-associated decline in GS was less steep than the decline in weightlifting performance. GS was lower in weightlifters compared to athletes in other sports that require grasping or force application (t = −2.53, p=0.053 for females; t = −2.62, p= 0.029 for males). The rate of decline was similar across different populations (weightlifters, other athletes, community-dwelling adults). Height and age were associated with GS, but performance level and training hours were not. GS was associated with snatch performance (t = 3.56, p < 0.001) but not with clean and jerk (t = 0.48, p = 0.633).
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Promoting Athletic Performance and Related Factors among Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Yan , Lei Si-Man , Fan Jingjing
Published: January 2023

In recent years, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been widely applied in competition sports with respect to athletic performance and mental health promotion, whereas evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been well summarized. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the existing evidence on the effects of MBIs on improving athletic performance, mindfulness level, mindfulness-related psychological components (e.g., acceptance, self-compassion, flow), and mental health (e.g., burnout, stress, psychological well-being) among athletes. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was implemented on five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect) and relevant review papers. The article selection, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction were performed by two investigators independently. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated to evaluate the effects of interventions using the random effect model. Among the 1897 original hits, thirty-two eligible RCT studies were included in the systematic review, of which seven were involved in the meta-analysis. The results showed that MBIs were effective in promoting athletes’ athletic performances (by narrative synthesis), mindfulness-level (n = 3; SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = [0.17, 0.83]; I2 = 45%, p = 0.16), and mindfulness-related psychological components (n = 5; SMD = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.53, 1.10], I2 = 77%, p =0.001), while no significant intervention effects were found on the mental health of athletes (n = 4; SMD = −0.03, 95% CI = [−0.35, 0.29], I2 = 89%, p < 0.001). Our findings preliminarily support the potential effectiveness of MBIs, whereas more high-quality RCTs were needed in the future.
Innovative Pedagogical Strategies in Health Professions Education: Active Learning in Dental Materials Science
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Tan Wen-Wu , Tan Hung-Jia , Khoo Chia-Wee , Afrashtehfar Kelvin I.
Published: January 2023

Dental materials science education is frequently delivered via traditional didactic lectures in preclinical dental programs. This review aimed to appraise the current evidence on innovative pedagogical strategies in teaching dental materials science courses. English-language articles on teaching methods for dental materials science published between January 1990 to October 2022 were searched in nine online databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science [WoS], Science Direct, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, LILACS, Open Grey, and EMBASE) according to PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB-2 and ROBIN-I tools, whereas the level of evidence was determined based on the OCEBM guidelines. Only 12 primary studies were included. Two randomized studies (RCTs) were deemed as being of “some concern”, and one showed a high risk of bias (RoB). Three non-randomized controlled studies (NRS) demonstrated a moderate RoB, whereas the remaining seven were low. Most studies were ranked at Levels 2 and 3 of evidence. Several innovative pedagogical strategies were identified: flipped classrooms, clinical-based learning, computer-assisted learning, group discussion, microteaching with the BOPPPS (bridge-in, learning objective, pre-test, participatory learning, post-test, and summary) model, and game-based learning. The evidence suggested that students generally showed positive perceptions toward these pedagogical strategies. Dental educators should revise their current undergraduate dental materials science curricula and integrate more effective teaching methods.
The Dynamic Nexus of Fossil Energy Consumption, Temperature and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Simultaneous Equation Model
Authors: Deng Chengtao , Guo Zixin , Huang Xiaoyue , Shen Tao
Published: January 2023

With the continuous increase in global fossil energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and the greenhouse effect have gradually increased. This study uses a simultaneous equations model to explore the dynamic nexus of fossil energy consumption, temperature, and carbon emissions in OECD and non-OECD countries, with panel data from 2004 to 2019. The results show that the improvement of international competitiveness has reduced the frequency of extreme weather in OECD and non-OECD countries, significantly reducing fossil energy consumption in non-OECD countries and carbon emissions in OECD countries. Sustainable economic growth has significantly reduced fossil energy consumption in OECD countries but increased carbon emissions, especially in non-OECD countries. In addition, in the short term, the improvement of international competitiveness has significantly reduced fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions in OECD and non-OECD countries. In the long term, the improvement of international competitiveness has a greater impact on reducing fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions in non-OECD countries and has a significant impact on reducing the frequency of extreme weather in OECD countries. Moreover, the long-term impacts of sustainable economic growth on fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions are more significant.
The Coupling Coordination Measurement, Spatio-Temporal Differentiation and Driving Mechanism of Urban and Rural Water Poverty in Northwest China
Authors: Ding Yun , Zhang Shiqi , Xu Ruifan , Gao Yuan , Ding Hao , Sun Pengfei , Liu Wenxin
Published: January 2023

Regarding the background of the “urban–rural dual structure”, the scientific evaluation of the relationship between urban and rural water resource systems is of great significance for alleviating water use contradictions and optimizing water resource allocation. Based on the theory of water poverty, the coupling coordination model was used to quantify the relationship between the urban and rural water resource systems in northwest China from 2000 to 2020; furthermore, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanism were studied by using spatial autocorrelation, a hot spot analysis and the Tobit model. The result showed the following: ① The scores of urban and rural water poverty have risen significantly, and the urban and rural water resource systems have improved significantly. Among them, urban water poverty demonstrated a tiered pattern of “east–middle–west”, and rural water poverty demonstrated a pattern of collapse of “high on both sides and low in the middle”. ② The overall degree of coupling coordination between urban and rural water poverty has greatly improved. However, nearly 70% of the regions are still of the basic uncoordinated type, and the differences between regions have been gradually expanding, showing a state of agglomeration in space, mainly of the low–high and high–high agglomeration types. The hot spot area was mainly concentrated in the southeast area, showing a gradual expansion trend, and the cold spot area was mainly concentrated in the central area, showing a gradual shrinking trend. ③ The level of economic development, industrial structure and agricultural production demonstrated a positive impact on the degree of coupling coordination. The degree of industrialization, the level of opening, technological progress, population size, expenditure on supporting agriculture and environmental regulation had different effects on the degree of regional coupling coordination. Different strategies should be adopted to promote the coupled and coordinated development of urban and rural water resource systems.
Impact of Online-Delivered eHealth Literacy Intervention on eHealth Literacy and Health Behavior Outcomes among Female College Students during COVID-19
Authors: Roh Miyoung , Won Yoonkyung
Published: January 2023

This study examined the effects of a novel online-delivered eHealth literacy intervention to improve eHealth literacy and positive health behaviors among female college students during COVID-19. Female college students taking a physical education class were allocated to either an online-based eHealth literacy intervention group (n = 62) or a physical education class (n = 58). Weekly two-hour sessions were implemented through Zoom videoconferencing over six weeks. We measured eHealth literacy, exercise self-schemata, and health behavior outcomes (eating, sleep, and exercise) before and after the intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to examine within- and between-group differences in all outcomes. The ANOVA (2 × 2) for the interaction effect of group and time showed a statistical significance in eHealth literacy and cognitive-emotional exercise self-schemata. There was a marginally significant interaction effect for exercise but none for eating and sleep. This was the first trial to examine the impact of the online eHealth literacy intervention on eHealth literacy and health behavior outcomes for college students during COVID-19. Preliminary findings indicated that the intervention showed promising effectiveness for improving eHealth literacy and promoting health behaviors among female college students.
Degradation Mechanisms of 4,7-Dihydroxycoumarin Derivatives in Advanced Oxidation Processes: Experimental and Kinetic DFT Study
Authors: Milanović Žiko , Dimić Dušan , Klein Erik , Biela Monika , Lukeš Vladimír , Žižić Milan , Avdović Edina , Bešlo Drago , Vojinović Radiša , Dimitrić Marković Jasmina , Marković Zoran
Published: January 2023

Coumarins represent a broad class of compounds with pronounced pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. The pursuit of the commercialization of these compounds requires the establishment of controlled and highly efficient degradation processes, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Application of this methodology necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanisms of these compounds. For this reason, possible reaction routes between HO• and recently synthesized aminophenol 4,7-dihydroxycoumarin derivatives, as model systems, were examined using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and a quantum mechanical approach (a QM-ORSA methodology) based on density functional theory (DFT). The EPR results indicated that all compounds had significantly reduced amounts of HO• radicals present in the reaction system under physiological conditions. The kinetic DFT study showed that all investigated compounds reacted with HO• via HAT/PCET and SPLET mechanisms. The estimated overall rate constants (koverall) correlated with the EPR results satisfactorily. Unlike HO• radicals, the newly formed radicals did not show (or showed negligible) activity towards biomolecule models representing biological targets. Inactivation of the formed radical species through the synergistic action of O2/NOx or the subsequent reaction with HO• was thermodynamically favored. The ecotoxicity assessment of the starting compounds and oxidation products, formed in multistage reactions with O2/NOx and HO•, indicated that the formed products showed lower acute and chronic toxicity effects on aquatic organisms than the starting compounds, which is a prerequisite for the application of AOPs procedures in the degradation of compounds.
An Analysis of the Spatial Development of European Cities Based on Their Geometry and the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) Database
Authors: Czyża Szymon , Szuniewicz Karol , Cieślak Iwona , Biłozor Andrzej , Bajerowski Tomasz
Published: January 2023

The study demonstrated that the rate of spatial development is correlated with its fractal dimension. The presented results indicate that the fractal dimension can be a useful tool for describing different phases of urban development. Therefore, the formulated research hypothesis states that the fractal dimension of cities’ external boundaries is correlated with the rate of spatial development in urban areas. The above implies that the higher the rate of spatial development, the smoother the external boundaries of urban investment. Rapidly developing cities contribute to considerable changes in land management, in particular in municipalities surrounding the urban core. Urban development processes often induce negative changes in land management and contribute to chaotic and unplanned development. To address these problems, new methods are being developed for modeling and predicting the rate of changes in transitional zones between urban and rural areas. These processes are particularly pronounced in urban space, whose expansion proceeds at an uneven pace. The aim of this study was to propose a method for describing urbanization processes that are based on the dependence between the urban growth rate, the fractal dimension, and basic geometric parameters, such as city area and the length of city boundaries. Based on the calculated changes in the values of these parameters, a classification system was proposed to identify distinctive phases of urban development. The study revealed that land cover databases are highly useful for such analyses. The study was conducted on 58 medium-size European cities with a population of up to 300,000, including France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Croatia. The study demonstrated that the fractal dimension and the basic geometric parameters of urban boundaries are significantly correlated with the rate of the spatial development of cities. The proposed indicators can be used to describe the spatial development of urban areas and the rate of urban growth. The development of the analyzed cities was modeled with the use of CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data for 2000–2006–2012–2018, acquired under the EU Copernicus program.
Nicotine Pouch: Awareness, Beliefs, Use, and Susceptibility among Current Tobacco Users in the United States, 2021
Authors: Sparrock Lindsey S. , Phan Lilianna , Chen-Sankey Julia , Hacker Kiana , Ajith Aniruddh , Jewett Bambi , Choi Kelvin
Published: January 2023

Little is known about awareness, beliefs, and use of nicotine pouches (NPs). Data from 1583 U.S. adult (age ≥ 21 years) current tobacco users were collected in 2021. Respondents self-reported NP awareness, beliefs, use, and susceptibility as well as current tobacco product use and socio-demographics. We used weighted logistic and multinomial regression models to explore the associations between these variables. Overall, 46.6% of U.S. adult current tobacco users were aware of, 16.4% had ever used, and 3.0% currently used NPs. Younger individuals (vs. 61+ years) were more likely to have ever heard of NPs, while Black individuals (vs. White) were less likely to have ever heard of NPs. Individuals younger than 45 years (vs. 61+ years) and those using smokeless tobacco products (vs. non-users) were more likely to have ever used NPs. Additionally, younger than 45 years (vs. 61+ years) and current use of certain tobacco products (e.g., smokeless) were associated with current NP use. Holding favorable beliefs about NPs was associated with susceptibility to and more advanced NP use statuses (p < 0.05). Continuous surveillance of NP use and beliefs is important.
Public Policies for Fluoride Use in Colombia and Brazil before and during the Adoption of the Right to Health
Authors: García Rincón Laura , Frazão Paulo
Published: January 2023

The use of fluorides is essential in the prevention of dental caries, considered to be the main dental public health problem. The formulation and implementation of public health policies can vary from country to country, depending on multiple factors. This study aims to analyze the interaction model between the knowledge produced about the use of fluorides and its implementation through public policies in two South American countries until the period of constitutional reform in each country. A narrative review was conducted with a systematic search of scientific articles and normative devices regarding the use of fluorides in public health in each country during the period prior to the implementation of the right to health in the Constitution. In both countries, there was an intense interaction among governmental organizations, researchers, academic and professional leaders, and companies involved in sanitation and salt production. Fluoride use strategies in Brazil and Colombia after an initial stage of similar characteristics began to differ in terms of public policy options for systemic fluoride use. In Brazil, the option was to adjust the concentration of fluoride in the water, while in Colombia, the addition of fluoride to table salt was consolidated as a public policy.
Effects of Vertical Fiscal Imbalance on Fiscal Health Expenditure Efficiency—Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Simin , Wang Zhikai
Published: January 2023

Improving fiscal health expenditure efficiency is an inherent requirement of the strategy of “healthy China” and “high-quality development”. The outbreak of COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of efficient health system. First, this paper systematically sorts out the multiple theoretical mechanisms of the positive and negative relationship between vertical fiscal imbalance and fiscal health expenditure efficiency. Secondly, a comprehensive index system, including the quantity and quality of medical services, is constructed, and the super-efficiency DEA model is used to measure fiscal health expenditure efficiency. There are obvious differences between eastern and western regions. Finally, the fixed effect model is constructed to carry out empirical research and it is found that the vertical fiscal imbalance in China has an overall positive and significant impact on the fiscal health expenditure efficiency, which is mainly achieved by optimizing the resources allocation between primary medical institutions and hospitals. Heterogeneity analysis shows that transfer payment scale has a corrective effect on the vertical fiscal imbalance’s effect. The result of quantile regression shows that the impact of vertical fiscal imbalance is not constant, and it gradually turns from positive to negative along with the improvement of fiscal health expenditure efficiency.
Mothers’ Employment and Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices: A Brief Report from Jerusalem Governorate
Authors: Amer Saif , Kateeb Elham
Published: January 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that women exclusively breastfeed for the first six months and continue breastfeeding until two years of age. However, breastfeeding is declining, especially in developing countries. This study aims to describe breastfeeding habits and demographic factors influencing these practices in Jerusalem Governorate. Self-reporting questionnaires were sent to 481 mothers of preschoolers asking about the type of feeding used with their children, breastfeeding exclusively, bottle feeding, and a combination of both. Data were also collected about the duration of breastfeeding to classify women into those who adhered to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and those who did not. We received 471 complete questionnaires. Two hundred and five mothers exclusively breastfed their children for 6 months or more (44.1%). Almost 11% (n = 52) used bottle feeding exclusively, and 44.2% (n = 208) combined both breastfeeding and bottle feeding. Having a full-time job increased the chance of not breastfeeding children (π2 = 9.2, p = 0.002), and being a stay-at-mother increased the chance of exclusive breastfeeding (π2 = 4.4, p = 0.044). In the final model, having a preterm baby and being a stay-at-home mother increased the odds of exclusively breastfeeding by 3.6 and 2.3, respectively. On the other hand, having a full-time job decreased the odds by 0.3. A mother’s full-time employment was a determinant factor in abandoning exclusive breastfeeding before 6 months. Policies, regulations, and laws supporting the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding practices until 6 months in mothers as recommended by the WHO should be reinforced.
In Vivo Studies on Radiofrequency (100 kHz–300 GHz) Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pinto Rosanna , Ardoino Lucia , Villani Paola , Marino Carmela
Published: January 2023

The increasing exposure of the human population to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields has increased concern about its possible health effects. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an update of the state of the research on this topic, through a quantitative analysis, to assess the increased risk of tumor incidence in laboratory animals (rodents) without limitations of species, strain, sex or genotype. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline and individual studies were assessed by referring to the OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies. A total of 27 studies were considered eligible for the evaluation of tumor incidence; a meta-analysis was carried out on 23 studies to assess the possible increased risk of both malignant and benign tumors onset at the systemic level or in different organs/tissues. A significant association between exposure to RF and the increased/decreased risk of cancer does not result from the meta-analysis in most of considered tissues. A significant increased/decreased risk can be numerically observed only in heart, CNS/brain, and intestine for malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the assessment of the body of evidence attributes low or inadequate evidence for an association between RF exposure and the onset of neoplasm in all tissues.
Body Fat Is Superior to Body Mass Index in Predicting Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents
Authors: de Morais Núbia de Souza , Azevedo Francilene Maria , de Freitas Rocha Ariane Ribeiro , Morais Dayane de Castro , Ribeiro Sarah Aparecida Vieira , Gonçalves Vivian Siqueira Santos , do Carmo Castro Franceschini Sylvia , Priore Silvia Eloiza
Published: January 2023

Background: Excess adiposity is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study is to compare cardiometabolic risk factors in eutrophic adolescents with a high body fat percentage (%BF) with eutrophic adolescents with adequate %BF and those with excess weight and %BF. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1043 adolescents. This study presented power equal to 99.75%. Body fat and anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators were evaluated. Participants were grouped according to body composition classified by body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 4.0.2, adopting a significance level of 5%. The Mann–Whitney test, principal components analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: It was observed that the SG was more similar to GC2 than to GC1 for both sexes, demonstrating that there was a greater similarity between these groups in relation to the evaluated factors. Higher values for TC, SBP and TG were associated with the SG when the CG1 was used as reference, controlled for sex and age. Likewise, higher TC values and lower levels of SBP, TG and LDL were related to SG when the CG2 was used as reference. Conclusion: Body fat assessment is more effective in predicting risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases than BMI alone.
Relationship between the Effects of Perceived Damage Caused by Harmful Rumors about Fukushima after the Nuclear Accident and Information Sources and Media
Authors: Nakayama Chihiro , Iwasa Hajime , Moriyama Nobuaki , Yasumura Seiji
Published: January 2023

The nuclear accident that accompanied the Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March, 2011, was also an information disaster. A serious problem that arose after the accident and persisted for a long time was the damage caused by harmful rumors (DCBHR). In 2016, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey on health and information was conducted in Fukushima. The eligible population of this survey was 2000 Fukushima residents, which included those in the evacuated areas. We received 861 responses. Data were analyzed using the responses to the question about perceived DCBHR as the objective variable and the sources of information residents trusted and the media they used as explanatory variables. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that those who trusted government ministries and local commercial TV were significantly associated with no effect. In contrast, those who used Internet sites and blogs were significantly associated with a negative effect. This study underlines the pivotal importance of media and information, literacy, and education and discusses how these should be improved to avoid DCBHR in the future. Furthermore, accurate information should be made available to all sections of the population to diminish DCBHR.
Alterations in Calcium Handling Are a Common Feature in an Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Cell Model Triggered by Desmosome Genes Loss
Authors: Vallverdú-Prats Marta , Carreras David , Pérez Guillermo J. , Campuzano Oscar , Brugada Ramon , Alcalde Mireia
Published: January 2023

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiac disease characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium. Deleterious variants in desmosomal genes are the main cause of ACM and lead to common and gene-specific molecular alterations, which are not yet fully understood. This article presents the first systematic in vitro study describing gene and protein expression alterations in desmosomes, electrical conduction-related genes, and genes involved in fibrosis and adipogenesis. Moreover, molecular and functional alterations in calcium handling were also characterized. This study was performed d with HL1 cells with homozygous knockouts of three of the most frequently mutated desmosomal genes in ACM: PKP2, DSG2, and DSC2 (generated by CRISPR/Cas9). Moreover, knockout and N-truncated clones of DSP were also included. Our results showed functional alterations in calcium handling, a slower calcium re-uptake was observed in the absence of PKP2, DSG2, and DSC2, and the DSP knockout clone showed a more rapid re-uptake. We propose that the described functional alterations of the calcium handling genes may be explained by mRNA expression levels of ANK2, CASQ2, ATP2A2, RYR2, and PLN. In conclusion, the loss of desmosomal genes provokes alterations in calcium handling, potentially contributing to the development of arrhythmogenic events in ACM.
Regulation of Plant Photoresponses by Protein Kinase Activity of Phytochrome A
Authors: Choi Da-Min , Kim Seong-Hyeon , Han Yun-Jeong , Kim Jeong-Il
Published: January 2023

Extensive research has been conducted for decades to elucidate the molecular and regulatory mechanisms for phytochrome-mediated light signaling in plants. As a result, tens of downstream signaling components that physically interact with phytochromes are identified, among which negative transcription factors for photomorphogenesis, PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), are well known to be regulated by phytochromes. In addition, phytochromes are also shown to inactivate an important E3 ligase complex consisting of CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and SUPPRESSORs OF phyA-105 (SPAs). This inactivation induces the accumulation of positive transcription factors for plant photomorphogenesis, such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). Although many downstream components of phytochrome signaling have been studied thus far, it is not fully elucidated which intrinsic activity of phytochromes is necessary for the regulation of these components. It should be noted that phytochromes are autophosphorylating protein kinases. Recently, the protein kinase activity of phytochrome A (phyA) has shown to be important for its function in plant light signaling using Avena sativa phyA mutants with reduced or increased kinase activity. In this review, we highlight the function of phyA as a protein kinase to explain the regulation of plant photoresponses by phyA.
Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid (20:3n-6)—Metabolism, Derivatives, and Potential Significance in Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Mustonen Anne-Mari , Nieminen Petteri
Published: January 2023

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) has emerged as a significant molecule differentiating healthy and inflamed tissues. Its position at a pivotal point of metabolic pathways leading to anti-inflammatory derivatives or via arachidonic acid (ARA) to pro-inflammatory lipid mediators makes this n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) an intriguing research subject. The balance of ARA to DGLA is probably a critical factor affecting inflammatory processes in the body. The aim of this narrative review was to examine the potential roles of DGLA and related n-6 PUFAs in inflammatory conditions, such as obesity-associated disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, cancers, and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. DGLA can be produced by cultured fungi or be obtained via endogenous conversion from γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-rich vegetable oils. Several disease states are characterized by abnormally low DGLA levels in the body, while others can feature elevated levels. A defect in the activity of ∆6-desaturase and/or ∆5-desaturase may be one factor in the initiation and progression of these conditions. The potential of GLA and DGLA administrations as curative or ameliorating therapies in inflammatory conditions and malignancies appears modest at best. Manipulations with ∆6- and ∆5-desaturase inhibitors or combinations of long-chain PUFA supplements with n-3 PUFAs could provide a way to modify the body’s DGLA and ARA production and the concentrations of their pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. However, clinical data remain scarce and further well-designed studies should be actively promoted.
Properties and Printability of the Synthesized Hydrogel Based on GelMA
Authors: Arguchinskaya Nadezhda V. , Isaeva Elena V. , Kisel Anastas A. , Beketov Evgeny E. , Lagoda Tatiana S. , Baranovskii Denis S. , Yakovleva Nina D. , Demyashkin Grigory A. , Komarova Liudmila N. , Astakhina Svetlana O. , Shubin Nikolai E. , Shegay Peter V. , Ivanov Sergey A. , Kaprin Andrey D.
Published: January 2023

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has recently attracted increasing attention. Unlike other hydrogels, it allows for the adjustment of the mechanical properties using such factors as degree of functionalization, concentration, and photocrosslinking parameters. In this study, GelMA with a high degree of substitution (82.75 ± 7.09%) was synthesized, and its suitability for extrusion printing, cytocompatibility, and biocompatibility was studied. Satisfactory printing quality was demonstrated with the 15% concentration hydrogel. The high degree of functionalization led to a decrease in the ability of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to adhere to the GelMA surface. During the first 3 days after sowing, proliferation was observed. Degradation in animals after subcutaneous implantation was slowed down.
Re-Sensitizing Cancer Stem Cells to Conventional Chemotherapy Agents
Authors: Kim Mariyam , Bakyt Laura , Akhmetkaliyev Azamat , Toktarkhanova Dana , Bulanin Denis
Published: January 2023

Cancer stem cells are found in many cancer types. They comprise a distinct subpopulation of cells within the tumor that exhibit properties of stem cells. They express a number of cell surface markers, such as CD133, CD44, ALDH, and EpCAM, as well as embryonic transcription factors Oct4, Nanog, and SOX2. CSCs are more resistant to conventional chemotherapy and can potentially drive tumor relapse. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive chemoresistance and to target them with specific therapy effectively. Highly conserved developmental signaling pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch are commonly reported to play a role in CSCs chemoresistance development. Studies show that particular pathway inhibitors combined with conventional therapy may re-establish sensitivity to the conventional therapy. Another significant contributor of chemoresistance is a specific tumor microenvironment. Surrounding stroma in the form of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, and extracellular matrix components produce cytokines and other factors, thus creating a favorable environment and decreasing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Anti-stromal agents may potentially help to overcome these effects. Epigenetic changes and autophagy were also among the commonly reported mechanisms of chemoresistance. This review provides an overview of signaling pathway components involved in the development of chemoresistance of CSCs and gathers evidence from experimental studies in which CSCs can be re-sensitized to conventional chemotherapy agents across different cancer types.
The Dynamic and Crucial Role of the Arginine Methylproteome in Myoblast Cell Differentiation
Authors: Papanikolaou Nikolaos A. , Nikolaidis Marios , Amoutzias Grigorios D. , Fouza Ariadni , Papaioannou Maria , Pandey Akhilesh , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: January 2023

Protein arginine methylation is an extensive and functionally significant post-translational modification. However, little is known about its role in differentiation at the systems level. Using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) proteomics of whole proteome analysis in proliferating or five-day differentiated mouse C2C12 myoblasts, followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry, biochemical assays, and specific immunoprecipitation of mono- or dimethylated arginine peptides, we identified several protein families that were differentially methylated on arginine. Our study is the first to reveal global changes in the arginine mono- or dimethylation of proteins in proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myocytes and to identify enriched protein domains and novel short linear motifs (SLiMs). Our data may be crucial for dissecting the links between differentiation and cancer growth.
Combination of Radix Astragali and Safflower Promotes Angiogenesis in Rats with Ischemic Stroke via Silencing PTGS2
Authors: Xu Shouchao , Yang Jiehong , Wan Haitong , Yu Li , He Yu
Published: January 2023

Promotion of angiogenesis and restoration of the blood flow in the ischemic penumbra is an effective treatment for patients with ischemic stroke (IS). Radix astragali-safflower (AS), a classic herbal pair for accelerating blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis, has been used for thousands of years to treat patients with IS in China. Even so, the mechanism of the treatment of IS by AS is still undecipherable. In the current study, network pharmacology was firstly employed to unveil the mechanism of AS in treating IS, which showed that AS might promote angiogenesis associated with PTGS2 silence. Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model rats were then used as the experimental animals to verify the prediction result. The experimental results revealed that treatment with AS improved the cerebral infarct volume, neurological damage, and cerebral histopathological damage; inhibited cell apoptosis; increased the contents of PDGF-BB, EPO, and TGF-β1; and reduced the levels of PF4, Ang-2, and TIMP-1 in serum. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the expression of PTGS2 was dramatically increased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats with MCAO/R, and this trend was reversed by the treatment of AS. Immunofluorescent staining expressed that AS reversed the down-regulation of VEGF and further promoted the expression of CD31, which indicated that AS promoted angiogenesis in MCAO/R rats. The abnormal protein or mRNA expression of PTGS2, PGI2, bFGF, TSP-1, and VEGF in the penumbra were transposed by AS or Celecoxib (an inhibitor of PTGS2). In conclusion, the protective mechanism of AS for IS promoted angiogenesis and was involved with PTGS2 silence.