bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF OCCURRENCE OF POST DURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE IN LOWER SEGMENT CAESAREAN SECTION UNDER SUBARACHNOID BLOCK BY MEDIAN VS PARAMEDIAN APPROACH: A RANDOMIZED INTERVENTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Anaesthesia, SMS Medical College and Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., K. Dabi Suman , Mangal Vandana ,   Senior Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, SMS Medical College and Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Published: February 2021

Aims: Spinal anaesthesia is a standard anesthetic technique in obstetrics, as it provides good analgesia and muscle relaxation. But every procedure comes with certain side effects and complications. Lumbar puncture for subarachnoid block is done by either median or paramedian approach. Besides postoperative headache, other side effects like nausea, vomiting have been reported in the postoperative period. Hereby we conducted a study on patients undergoing lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) under spinal anaesthesia by either median or paramedian approach, and compared the occurrence of post dural puncture headache in both groups. Methods and Material: 400 parturients of ASA grade I & II who underwent LSCS under spinal anaesthesia were divided into two groups: Group M (n=200) received spinal block by median approach while Group PM (n=200) received by paramedian approach. We observed the difference in proportion of cases who develop post dural puncture headache (PDPH) in both study groups and also to determine the difference in mean time duration of development of PDPH in both groups. Statistical analysis used:The data was analysed by using chi-square and T-test where p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant Results: 5 patients (2.5%) in group M developed PDPH whereas only 1 patient(0.5%) in group PM developed PDPH which was statistically non-significant (p=0.099). The mean time duration of onset of PDPH was similar in both groups. Conclusions:Hence from our observations we conclude that there is no statistically significant difference in the incidence of occurrence of PDPH when lumbar puncture is done with 25 G by either median or paramedian approach.
META-PARENTING, A NEW CONCEPT IN THE INDIA CONTEXT
Authors:   P.D. (Cl. Psy), CRR- A52505, Psy.D. Scholar & Corresponding author, Amity Institute of Behavioural Health and Allied Sciences (AIB(H)AS), Amity University, NOIDA. Address- B-3/337 (Ground Floor), Paschim Vihar, New Delhi, 110063, India., Sood Medhavi , Chand Singh Dweep ,   Professor & Director/Head, Amity Institute of Behavioural Health and Allied Sciences (AIB(H)AS), Amity University, NOIDA, UP.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Parental cognition leads to parental behaviour which in turn affects the child. Meta-parenting, a type of parental cognition is being researched widely in the last 5 years. The association of meta-parenting and children outcome has never been made especially in adolescent population. Aim:The study aims to assess difference between Meta-Parenting of mothers and fathers and assess adolescents correlated to meta-parenting. Material& Method:A cross-sectional, correlational design was used, Sample consisted of 425 parents of adolescents aged 13-17 years (from class 8-12) from various schools and private tuition centres in Delhi. Tools used were Meta-parenting questionnaire (MPQ), Results & Discussion: Results suggested no difference between males and females on the meta-parenting scale. Adolescent age, class, and birth order correlated to meta-parenting subscales. Conclusions:Meta-parenting is not dependent on parents gender.
GENERALISED EXPONENTIAL RATIO-TYPE ESTIMATOR FOR FINITE POPULATION VARIANCE UNDER RANDOM NON-RESPONSE
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, COBS, CCS HAU, Hisar-125004, Haryana., Mittal Alisha , Kumar Manoj ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, COBS, CCS HAU, Hisar-125004, Haryana.
Published: February 2021

In this research paper an effort has been made for the estimation of population variance of the study variable by using information on certain known parameters of the auxiliary variable under non-response for scheme I and II given by Singh and Joarder (1998). Generalized exponential ratio-type estimator has been proposed and their properties have been studied under non response techniques and conditions were found when the family of proposed estimators identified by using different choices for (P, Q) performed better than the usual unbiased estimator. It was also observed that for different values of Î± âˆˆ (0.0, 1.0), the estimators and were found to be best under numerical illustration.
EVALUATION DE LA FAUNE ENTOMOLOGIQUE ASSOCIEE A BALANITES AEGYPTIACA (L.) DEL. DANS LE SUD-OUEST DU NIGER
Authors:   Faculte dAgronomie, Universite Abdou Moumouni(UAM), Niamey, Niger., Yaye Aissetou Drame , Salissou Adamou ,   Faculte dAgronomie, Universite Abdou Moumouni(UAM), Niamey, Niger., Elh Dango Djamallidine Saminou ,   Faculte dAgronomie, Universite Abdou Moumouni(UAM), Niamey, Niger., Madougou Garba ,   Direction Generale de la Protection des Vegetaux (DGPV), MinistÃƒÂ¨re de lAgriculture et de lElevage, Niger.
Published: February 2021

Balanites aegyptiaca (Desert date) is one of the pioneer agro-forestry species in the Sahel.The different parts of the tree are used in human and animal food, and the fruits are an important source of revenue for the rural population. This study aims at reducing the research data gapon in the entomofauna associated with B. aegyptiaca in countries like Niger. Tree and fruits samples were taken in the rural area of SansaneHaoussa in the South- western part of Niger to inventory insect species present and assess the level of damage. The germination potential of attacked fruits was also assessed. The plant is attacked by various insect pests belonging mainly to the orders of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera with a predominance of the first. However the most dangerous ones are the species which cause damage to the fruits, including Ephestiakuehniella Zeller, 1879 (LepidopÃƒÂ¨ra Pyralidae) which perforates the fruits and damages the grains hindering the germination of seeds of B. aegyptiaca.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF COATING USING NANOPARTICLES ON THE CORROSION OF ALUMINUM ALLOY IN DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Department of Material Engineering,University of Kufa, Iraq., Abbas Abbood Doha , A. Abdulhadi Ali ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Kufa, Iraq.
Published: February 2021

Corrosion resistance of metals is one of the most important topics for researchers. In this work, epoxy-TiO2 nanocomposite has been developed for protection of 6061AL alloy. The dip-coating technique used to deposit the coating on 6061 Al alloy substrate. Different concentrations of TiO2 NPs (1,3,5 )Wt% have been used to study the corrosion behavior in 3.5% NaCl medium. Also, 200,150 and 100 mm/min dipping speeds have been employed for 1%wt TiO2 to show their effects on coating layer and corrosion rate. Characterization of coated surfaces were investigated by AFM, FESEM andEDS,while theelectrochemical measurementswas using to evaluate protective nature of the coating. The results have shown that the corrosion rate has decreased with 1wt% of TiO2 NPs concentration. The corrosion rate (mm/y) of (7.131ÃƒÂ—10-4, 1.803ÃƒÂ—10-3 and 8.183ÃƒÂ—10-3) have been obtained with (1 , 3 and 5 wt% TiO2) respectively. The results have been confirmed by using a constant dip-coating speed of 200 mm/min, and the results of the corrosion rate for 200,150 and 100 mm/min have been 7.131ÃƒÂ—10-4, 7.984ÃƒÂ—10-4and 8.293ÃƒÂ—10-4 respectively. The morphology of coating film which characterized by SEM, have shown that the TiO2 NPs spread and was covered by epoxy very well. The AFM test used to study the surface average roughness of coating film where the Ra for sample with epoxy coating is24.4 nm and for sample with (epoxy _1%wt TiO2) is 1.508 nm.
LABORATORY TURN AROUND TIME FOR BIOCHEMISTRY INVESTIGATIONS IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH INDIA
Authors:   Sher I Kashmir Institute Of Medical Sciences, Department of Hospital Administration., N. Zaffar , H. Rashid ,   Sher I Kashmir Institute Of Medical Sciences, Department of Hospital Administration., S. Hussain ,   Sher I Kashmir Institute Of Medical Sciences, Department of Hospital Administration., A Hakeem ,   All India Institute Of Medical Sciences New Delhi, Department of Hospital Administration.
Published: February 2021

Background: Laboratory turnaround time is considered one of the most important indicators of work efficiency in hospitals, physicians always need timely results to take effective clinical decisions especially in the emergency department where these results can guide physicians whether to admit patients to the hospital, discharge them home or do further investigations. Objectives:1. Calculate the turnaround time for the various biochemical investigations from accident and emergency of a tertiary care institute.2. To find the percentage contribution of pre-analytical, analytical and post analytical phases to TAT. Materials And Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, single-center study of therapeutic TAT for biochemistry investigations in accident and emergency of a tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted for a period of 3 months from August 2020 to Oct 2020. During the present study period, all biochemistry investigations ordered from emergency department were studied. The Lundberg definition of TAT was used in this study. This means that the pre-analytical TAT used was from the point of order of tests to the receipt of samples at the laboratory. Similarly, the post-analytic phase started from the time results were available at the laboratory to the point where clinicians could access it for action. Results: The turnaround time (TAT) has been monitored in total of 7515 samples for biochemistry evaluation with mean TAT of 169.6 min. It was noted that the mean pre analytical time period was 120.6 min , Analytical time period 34 min while post analytical time period was 15 min. In our study of the pre-analytical phase 37.7%, 39.3%, and 22.9% tests were completed within 60, 60-120 and above 120 minutes, respectively. With respect to the analytical phase, 80.4% and 19.6% tests were completed below 45 minutes and above 45 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Despite efficient analysis of results, the pre analytic period contributed the most delay in TAT. Collecting the blood samples under standard conditions, filling the test request slips, marking the samples with bar-codes contributed to long TAT.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF REFERRED NEONATES ADMITTED IN ATERTIARY CARE CENTER OF NORTH INDIA
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India., Mishra Divya , Kumar Thakur Arun ,   Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital,Patna, Bihar India., Kispotta Rashmi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India., a Neeraj ,   Senior Resident, Department of Neonatology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India.
Published: February 2021

A prospective observational study was conducted in a neonatal unit of referral teaching hospital of North India with an aim to study the bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of referred neonates. During this period of one year, incidence of culture positive sepsis was 34 % among which gram-negative bacilli predominated in both early onset and late onset sepsis. In early onset neonatal sepsis, predominant organism was Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Staph aureus and Acinetobacter. In late onset sepsis, most common organism was again Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Acinetobacter, Candida, Staph and E. coli. Sensitivity pattern of isolated organism and outcome of referred newborns are presented.
PLANT DISEASE DETECTION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors:   Information Technology PSIT College of Engineering,Kanpur Uttar Pradesh, India., Srivastava Prakanshu , Mishra Kritika ,   Information Technology PSIT College of Engineering,Kanpur Uttar Pradesh, India., Awasthi Vibhav ,   Information Technology PSIT College of Engineering,Kanpur Uttar Pradesh, India., Kumar Sahu Vivek ,   Information Technology PSIT College of Engineering,Kanpur Uttar Pradesh, India., Kumar Pal Pawan ,   Computer Science and Engineering PSIT College of Engineering, KanpurUttar Pradesh, India.
Published: February 2021

When plants and crops are suffering from pests it affects the agricultural production of the country. Usually, farmers or experts observe the plants with eye for detection and identification of disease. But this method is often time processing, expensive and inaccurate. Automatic detection using image processing techniques provide fast and accurate results. This paper cares with a replacement approach to the development of disease recognition model, supported leaf image classification, by the utilization of deep convolutional networks. Advances in computer vision present a chance to expand and enhance the practice of precise plant protection and extend the market of computer vision applications within the field of precision agriculture. a completely unique way of training and therefore the methodology used facilitate a fast and straightforward system implementation in practice. All essential steps required for implementing this disease recognition model are fully described throughout the paper, starting from gathering images to make a database, assessed by agricultural experts, a deep learning framework to perform the deep CNN training. This method paper may be a new approach in detecting plant diseases using the deep convolutional neural network trained and finetuned to suit accurately to the database of a plants leaves that was gathered independently for diverse plant diseases. The advance and novelty of the developed model dwell its simplicity healthy leaves and background images are in line with other classes, enabling the model to distinguish between diseased leaves and healthy ones or from the environment by using CNN. Plants are the source of food on earth. Infections and diseases in plants are therefore a big threat, while the foremost common diagnosis is primarily performed by examining the plant body for the presence of visual symptoms [1]. As an alternative to the traditionally time-consuming process, different research works plan to find feasible approaches towards protecting plants. In recent years, growth in technology has engendered several alternatives to traditional arduous methods [2]. Deep learning techniques are very successful in image classification problems.
PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY INPRE-DIALYTIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CENTRE IN NORTH-EAST INDIA
Authors:   Post Graduate Trainee, Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh,Assam, Pin - 786001., Kanta Sagar , Kumar Das Tridip ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, Pin - 786001.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has not only been associated with bone and muscular complications but also with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, infection, maternal and neonatal complications. There are many causes of vitamin D deficiency including socio-demographic factors, the timing of sun exposure, along with drugs, skin, liver, and kidney diseases. India is closer to the equator so is considered to have a lower risk of Vitamin D deficiency but it is not so, with many studies implicating deficiency even in the general population. There are no studies done on the north-eastern Indian population document on vitamin D levels in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Aim: To study the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in the pre-dialytic chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods:Observational study was done. 120 CKD patients were included in the study and staging was done according to the MDRD formula. Total 25-OH Vitamin D was measured by the Enzyme Immuno Assay method. Results: 43.33% of the patients in the group were found to have vitamin D deficiency and 26.66% of patients had vitamin D insufficiency. There was a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and stages 4 and 5 CKD. There was not any significant correlation between vitamin D levels with age, sex, body mass index, serum calcium, or albumin. Conclusion:High levels of vitamin D deficiency were seen in the CKD patients of the northeast Indian population. There were statistically significant changes in vitamin D levels and stages 4 and 5 of CKD.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN TAMIL SPEAKING HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS
Authors:   Professor & HOD, Department of ENT, Madurai Medical College & Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai- 20., N. Dhinakaran , B.M Karthikeyan ,   Speech Therapist & Audiologist, Department of ENT, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai- 20.
Published: February 2021

Phonological Processes are simplification of sounds which occur among the children during the younger age and will gradually diminish giving an adult like speech form. The aim of the present study is to analyze the occurrence of phonological processes among hearing impaired children who underwent cochlear implant surgery during their younger age as an early intervention. The subjects included in the study were 10 children (5 male and 5 female) who were diagnosed with congenital total hearing impairment and underwent cochlear implant surgery and attending Auditory verbal therapy. The task given to the subjects in the present study is to repeat the words in Tamil Articulation Test followed by the Clinician. The words were recorded and further analyzed for the occurrence of phonological processes. The results show that a total of 26 phonological processes (both typical and atypical) occurred with a maximum occurrence of Depalatalization and minimally of Final Consonant Deletion. The results of the present study help in providing a better knowledge about the occurrence of phonological processes which helps the speech language pathologist in intervening hearing impaired children with cochlear implants and to improve their speech intelligibility.
ROLE OF NOVEL ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS (NOACS)IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION CARDIOVERSION- AN EXECUTIVE
Authors:   Dept of Cardiology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan, China., Jing Wang , Sophearith Phav ,   Dept of Cardiology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan, China.
Published: February 2021

In patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), oral anticoagulation is necessary for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism especially during cardioversion. While Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have historically been the standard of care, these medications are limited by numerous food and drug interactions with requirements for frequent monitoring (INR) and dose adjustments. Over the past decade, several novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been developed to directly inhibit factor IIa/thrombin (dabigatran) or activated factor X (apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban). These medications have been shown to be at least as effective as warfarin for stroke prevention in NVAF with more favorable safety profiles. However, their advantages are underscored by a lack of specific antidotes and assays quantifying their anticoagulant effects. This review addresses how well do the Rivaroxaban prevents stroke and systemic embolism compare to VKAs in patients with NVAF, with a special focus on high-risk populations, including the elderly, those with renal disease, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and previous stroke.
THE LEVEL OF PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS TOWARDS FI SABILILLAHS ZAKAT DISTRIBUTION: CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITI SAINS ISLAM MALAYSIA
Authors:   Faculty of Syariah and Law, UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan,Malaysia., Firdaus Ab Rahman Muhamad , Abdullah Thaidi Hussein Azeemi ,   Faculty of Syariah and Law, UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan,Malaysia., Ab Rahman Azman ,   Faculty of Syariah and Law, UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan,Malaysia., Hafizah Mohd Aziad Nor ,   Faculty of Syariah and Law, UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan,Malaysia., Hafiz Safiai Mohd ,   Research Centre of Sharia,Faculty of Islamic Studies, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor,Malaysia., Naqib Hamdan Mohammad ,   Islamic Civilisation Academy, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia.
Published: February 2021

In Malaysia, management-related zakat issues differ between each state. Besides, most higher education institutions in Malaysia have a specific unit or department which handles the collection and distribution of zakat in their institutions. However, the distribution of zakat to fisabilillahbeneficiary (asnaf), students comprehension and trust remain uncertain. This study evaluates the level of awareness among students related to the Awqaf and Zakat Center (PWZ) and their perception of zakat distribution to fisabilillahasnaf in UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia.This research uses a quantitative approach to collect data via the questionnaire. One hundred (100) students from UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia are among the samples. The result shows that while respondents have a good understanding of zakat management mean at (3.91), adequate information has not been obtained from certain management elements such as customer relations mean at (1.30) and advertising mean at (0.80). Besides, the zakat distribution criterion remains uncertain mean at (1.36). The finding shows that most respondents lack faith in the distribution of zakat from PWZ while being aware of the work of PWZ. Therefore, PWZ should play an essential role in supporting financially burdened students.
COMPARISON OF INTRANASAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE V/S MIDAZOLAM AS A PREMEDICATION IN CHIDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY
Authors: Kumar Morwal Sanjay , Singh Ajit , Vyas C.K. , Sharma Neelu
Published: February 2021

Background: The intranasal route is a reliable way to administer preanaesthetics and sedatives to children. The aim of present study was to compare the anxiolytic and sedative effects of intranasal dexemedetomidine and midazolam as a premedication in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery.. Patients and Methods: Fifty chidrens 2-12 years of age group of either sex with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A-(n=25) - received intranasal dexmedetomidine as premedication.(0.1 Ã‚Âµg/kg diluted in 2ml NS ) Group B- (n=25)- received intranasal midazolam as premedication. (0.2 mg/kg diluted in 2ml NS) Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and oxygen saturation were monitored upto30 minute after drug administration. The sedation score, anxiety score and child separation score were recorded until the child taken to the OR. The postoperative agitation score was also observed. Results and Conclusion: Premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine attained significant and satisfactory sedation with better parental separation and lower anxiety levels without any adverse effects as compared with intranasal midazolam in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery.
LAND TENURE INSECURITY AND LAND CONFLICTS IN THE BAMENDAGRASSFIELDS OF CAMEROON: PUZZLING EVIDENCE FROM BALINYONGA/BAWOCK LAND CONFLICT
Authors:   PhD Department of Historythe University of Bamenda, Cameroon., Yenkong Sobseh Emmanuel , Ngwa Willibroaddze- ,   PhD Department of Historythe University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon.
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the challenges of land tenure insecurity and land conflicts in the Bamenda Grassfields of Cameroon. Colonial and later, postcolonial governments of Cameroon introduced different and most often, conflicting land policies. These divergent land policies, later on, replaced collective ownership of land with private ownership. This paper, focuses on the different causes of land tenure insecurity such as inequality, outside encroachment, and common property challenges. It also tackles the measure causes of land conflicts such as multiple land sales, land scarcity, population growth, poor boundary demarcation, land laws and contested records of land conflicts. Despite these challenges, land tenure security was achieved through customary land, state land and individual titling. However, the case study between Bali Nyonga and Bawock demonstrates efforts by different parties to confront, manage and resolve land dispute. Based on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, this paper argues that, land tenure insecurity and land disputes have benefitted the rich, and fostered social inequalities. The study concludes that, despite the lessons and opportunities for intervention advanced, land tenure insecurity and land conflicts in Cameroon could only be overcome, if the present structures and institutions of land management are modernized and restructured by stakeholders to benefit the majority.
MANAGEMENT OF DISTAL FEMUR FRACTURES IN ADULT WITH LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE
Authors:   Post Graduate Resident, Dept oforthopedics, Kafr Saad Hosiptal,Egypt., Moustafa Hamid Ali Nasser Mohammed , Tawfik Elalfy Ali ,   Professor, Dept of orthopedics, Zagazig University, Egypt., Elsadek Atia Mohammed ,   Assistant Professor, Dept of orthopedics, Zagazig University, Egypt. Lecturer, Dept of orthopedics, Zagazig University, Egypt., Mohammed Holail Sameh ,   Assistant Professor, Dept of orthopedics, Zagazig University, Egypt. Lecturer, Dept of orthopedics, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and radiological union of distal third femur fractures by using distal femur locking plate, in Zagazig university hospitals and KafrSaad emergency hospital. Design: Clinical trial. Methods: Data collected for the study was from the patients admitted in orthopedic department in Zagazig university hospitals and KafrSaad emergency hospital, with distal femur fracture AO 33,during the period of August 2019 to July 2020 and treated with open reduction and internal fixation with distal femur locking compression plate with 4.5 system. All patients were followed up for an average of 6 months. Outcomes were assessed by Neers score. Results: Outof 12 patients (4 were females&8were males), mean age was 45.6 years (20 to 70 years). 10 cases wereduo to high energy trauma and 2 cases wereduo to low high energy trauma.5 out of total 12 cases had open fractures and rest 7 cases had closed fractures.Out of total 12 cases, five cases were extra-articular and rest 7 cases were intra-articular. Out of 12 fractures treated, 8 fractures showed radiological signs of union within 12-16 weeks,3 fractures showed radiological signs of union within 20 weeks and one fracture showed radiological signs of union within 24 weeks.1 patient got superficial infection and no implantfailure, mean range of motion of all patients was 113Ã‚Â°. Conclusion:ORIF of distal femur fractures with locking compression plate provides good angular stability, restoration of limb alignment, length, rotation and give a good purchase in osteoporotic patientswith minimal complications. Best results are optioned when standard protocol of locking plate fixation is followed with good soft tissue care, early knee bending exercises and physiotherapy.
FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN SUBFERTILITY PATIENTS VERSUS THOSE SEEKING FERTILITY CONTROL
Authors:   Assistant Professor Of Obstetrics And Gynecolofy, BenhaUniversity-Egypt Street No 3 Villa 12 Kornish Elneel Benha., Abdulla Elsayed Mahmoud Mostafa
Published: February 2021

Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and subfertility are common problems affecting approximately 43 and 20% of women respectively. Studies on association of female sexual dysfunction and infertility is not much .the presented study compare the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in patients on assessment for sub-fertility and those either seeking or already on fertility control services at a private sonolive clinic in Benha. Methods:This was an analytical cross sectional study. Eligible women of reproductive age (20â€“43â€‰years), attending the private sonolive infertility clinic in Benha Egypt in the period from January 2019 to July 2020 with complaints of subfertility and those seeking fertility control services (as controls)were requested to fill a general demographic tool containing personal data and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire after informed consent. Sexual dysfunction was calculated as a percentage of patients not achieving an overall FSFI score of 26.55. Results:The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was 45% in the subfertile group and 35% in fertility control group. The difference was statistically significant (p =â€‰0.006).the important affected items were desire and lubrication also infrequent coitus in the fertility window Conclusion:The present study demonstrated a significant association between the fertility status and the prevalence female sexual dysfunction. Subfertility type was associated with sexual dysfunction especially the desire and lubrication which affect the whole score of sexual dysfunction.
PATRIARCHAL STAIN IN CONSTITUTIONAL FABRIC: USE OF DISCRIMINATORY PHRASEOLOGY TO DESCRIBE A WOMEN
Authors: Adhikari Niyati
Published: February 2021

Women empowerment and gender equality cannot be attained if the protective laws and empowering mechanisms reek of patriarchal notions and stereotypes. There is an urgent need of reassessing the ideology from a constructive angle which goes beyond the popular approach of woman as a victim of her gender. The idea must be redirected in attaining a larger goal of social security for all distressed humans as compared to the charity-like support bestowed under the assumption that women are helpless and are in need of extra protection.
A modified slow sand filtration system of epikarst spring water in karst mountainous areas, China
Authors: Zhao Yuewen , Wang Xiuyan , Yang Juan , Liu Changli , Wang Shuaiwei
Published: February 2021

Epikarst springs are commonly used for drinking water in karst mountainous areas, but they tend to bring health risks to residents because of their vulnerability. In this work, a modified slow sand filtration system (M-SSF) was established as a case study to purify and conserve the epikarst spring water. The outcomes indicate that the purification of M-SSF relies mainly on the adsorption and ion exchange of the filter medium (mixtures of heat-treated red clay and crushed limestone, MHRCCL) during the schmutzdecke juvenility, and on the schmutzdecke-formed food chain of pollutants → bacteria → protozoa after the schmutzdecke maturity. The closed water cellar lined with ceramic tiles could reduce the deterioration of epikarst spring water during storage. Via 16S rRNA sequencing, it was found that the high abundance of TM6_Dependentiae in purified epikarst spring water (PESW) suggested that the M-SSF system relies on the formation of a closed food chain to achieve effective water purification. The decrease of Pseudarcicella abundance in PESW indicated that M-SSF could effectively prevent the water quality from external influences represented by leeches. Besides, the 16S function prediction was used to qualitatively characterize microbial nitrogen metabolism, as well as organic matter degradation in water purification.
Comparison of hybrid membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR)/suspended growth and conventional biological nutrient removal processes
Authors: Carlson Avery L. , He Huanqi , Yang Cheng , Daigger Glen T.
Published: February 2021

Mathematical modelling was used to investigate the possibility to use membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) in a largely anoxic suspended growth bioreactor to produce the nitrate-nitrogen required for heterotrophic denitrification and the growth of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs). The results indicate that such a process can be used to achieve a variety of process objectives. The capture of influent biodegradable organic matter while also achieving significant total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal can be achieved with or without use of primary treatment by operation at a relatively short suspended growth solids residence time (SRT). Low effluent TIN concentrations can also be achieved, irrespective of the influent wastewater chemical oxygen demand (COD)/total nitrogen (TN) ratio, with somewhat larger suspended growth SRT. Biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal can also be effectively achieved. Further experimental work is needed to confirm these modelling results.
A Flounder Fish Peptide Shows Anti-Hypertensive Effects by Suppressing the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Endothelin-1
Authors: Rahmdel Mohamad , Cho Sang Min , Jeon You-Jin , Lee Dae Ho
Published: February 2021

Background:

Many fishes have been known for their good nutritional effects especially
in the cardiovascular aspect. Some specific fish peptides have anti-hypertensive effects.

Objective:

In the present study, we hypothesized that the hexapeptide (MEVFVP) from flounder
fish muscle can be a potent antihypertensive peptide, therefore, decided to perform this experiment.

Methods:

The peptide MEVFVP from flounder fish muscle (40 mg/kg) and vehicle were administered
per os to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) (SHR-M and SHR-C, respectively). Additionally,
plasma MEVFVP was measured serially before and after its oral administration to
Sprague Dawley rats.

Results:

Blood pressures (BPs), especially systolic BP, in SHR rats were decreased around 3-6
hours after MEVFVP administration. Compared with SHR-C rats, endothelin-1 (ET-1) mRNA expression
in multiple tissues, and plasma levels of ET-1, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were lower
in SHR-M rats, whereas the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was increased
in the kidney of SHR-M rats. The administered peptide was not detected in rat plasma,
while ex vivo incubation of the peptide in rat plasma caused its rapid degradation within minutes.

Conclusion:

Our results show that the MEVFVP has an antihypertensive effect by regulating renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system, ET-1 and AMPK despite its limited bioavailability.
Chemistry and Anticancer Activity of Hybrid Molecules and Derivatives based on 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Cardona-G Wilson , Herrera-R Angie , Castrillón-L Wilson , Ramírez-Malule Howard
Published: February 2021

Considering that cancer continues to be an important cause of death worldwide,
several conventional anticancer treatments are widely used. However, most of them
display low selectivity against malignant cells and induce many adverse side effects.
Among these, the use of therapies based on 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been one of the
most efficient, with a broad-spectrum. Due to these circumstances, various modifications
of 5-FU have been developed to improve drug delivery and reduce side effects. Among
the optimization strategies, modifications of 5-FU at N1 or N3 position are made, usually
including the incorporation of pharmacologically active compounds with anticancer activity
(called hybrid molecule) and functionalization with other groups of compounds (called
conjugates).

Several studies have been conducted in the search for new alternative therapies against
cancer. Many of them have evidenced that hybrid compounds exhibit good anticancer activity,
which has emerged as a promising strategy in this field of drug discovery and development.
Furthermore, the binding of 5-FU to amino acids, peptides, phospholipids,
polymers, among others, improves metabolic stability and absorption.

This review highlights the potential of hybrids and derivatives based on 5-FU as a scaffold
for the development of antitumor agents. Besides, it also presents a detailed description
of the different strategies employed to design and synthesized these compounds, together
with their biological activities and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis.
Red Cell Distribution Width: A Routinely Available Biomarker with Important Clinical Implications in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Valenti Anna C. , Vitolo Marco , Imberti Jacopo F. , Malavasi Vincenzo Livio , Boriani Giuseppe
Published: February 2021

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an inexpensive marker of anisocytosis easily available in
the standard complete blood cell count. Besides its traditional use in the differential diagnosis of anemias, RDW
values reflect abnormalities in erythropoiesis and red blood cell metabolism related to aging, sex, ethnicity, systemic
inflammatory state, and oxidative stress. Thus, higher RDW values are common findings in several acute
clinical conditions and chronic diseases. Increasing evidence suggests a prognostic role of higher RDW levels
in many cardiovascular diseases. Among them, we aimed to review current literature focusing on the possible
relation between RDW and atrial fibrillation (AF). Since aging, inflammation, and atrial substrate remodeling
have a well-established role in AF pathogenesis, AF burden, and patient prognosis, we analyzed available data
exploring the possible use of RDW in identifying patients at higher risk of AF and as a biomarker of worse outcomes
for AF patients.
Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-Oxide Derivatives: Are They Unselective or Selective
Inhibitors?
Authors: Rivera Gildardo
Published: February 2021

Background:

For decades, the quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide ring has been considered a privileged structure to develop new antibacterial, antitumoural, and antiprotozoal agents, among others, however its mechanism of action is not clear.

Objective :

The main aim of this mini-review was to analyze the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives reported as antibacterial, antitumoural and antiprotozoal agents.

Results :

Initially, the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives against bacteria, tumoural cell lines, and parasites has been described as nonspecific, but recently, the results against different organisms have shown that these compounds have an inhibitory action on specific targets such as trypanothione reductase, triosephosphate isomerase, and other essential enzymes.

Conclusion:

In summary, quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide is a scaffold to develop new anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antitumoural and antiprotozoal agents, however, understanding the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives in each microorganism could contribute to the development of new, and more potent selective drugs.
A Review on Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Factors Causing and Inhibiting Cancer
Authors: Khaledi Fatemeh , Ghasemi Sorayya
Published: February 2021

:

Epigenetic modifications refer to reversible changes in gene expression. Epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs that are collectively called epigenome. Various epigenetic effects account for the main impacts of environment and lifestyle on multifactorial diseases such as cancers. The environment's impacts on cancers act as double-edged swords. While some of them are involved in cancer development, some others contribute to preventing it. In this review article, the keywords "cancer", "epigenetic", "lifestyle", "carcinogen", " cancer inhibitors” and related words were searched to finding a link between environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms influencing cancer in ISI, PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the literature environmental factors that are effective in cancer development or cancer prevention in this review will be divided into physical, chemical, biological, and lifestyle types. Different types of epigenetic mechanisms known for each of these agents will be addressed in this review. Unregulated changes in epigenome play roles in tumorigenicity and cancer development. The action mechanism and genes targeted which are related to the signaling pathway for epigenetic alterations determine whether environmental agents are carcinogenic or prevent cancer. Having knowledge about the effective factors and related mechanisms such as epigenetic on cancer can help to prevent and better cancers treatment.
Physicians’ Perception About Use of Vitamin B12 in the Treatment or Prevention of Diabetic Neuropathy: A Cross-sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldossari Khaled K. , Al-Ghamdi Sameer , Alzahrani Jamaan , Al Turki Maram S. , Almuhareb Mai , Alanazi Ziad G. , Alshahrani Ziyad M. , Wong Jencia
Published: February 2021

Background:

Diabetic neuropathy is a condition that is prevalent among type 2 diabetic patients. Some physicians prescribe vitamin B12 or vitamin B complex supplements to improve symptoms, but studies have shown that there is little to no evidence of vitamin B12 being an effective treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Thus, this study aims to investigate local physicians’ knowledge and tendency to prescribe vitamin B12 or vitamin B complex for the treatment or prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study, conducted between May and November of 2019, in several primary healthcare centers in different cities of Saudi Arabia. A total of 412 physicians with a minimum of three years of experience answered a three-part questionnaire on their demographic information, their prescribing behavior, and their knowledge of the relationship between vitamin B12 or vitamin B complex and diabetic neuropathy.

Results:

The study found that only 42% of the physicians believed that vitamin B12 supplementation did not prevent diabetic neuropathy, while only 52.7% found it to be an ineffective treatment for this condition. Moreover, 58.7% stated that they had indeed prescribed vitamin B12 or multivitamins as a form of treatment or prevention of diabetic neuropathy. 47.8% of the patients requested a vitamin B12 prescription 1-6 times from their physicians, while 31.6% of them requested it ≥ 7 times, with 42.5% of physicians agreeing that their prescriptions of vitamin B12 had been a result of patient demand more than clinical justification. Likewise, 43% of respondents were aware that vitamin B12 levels should be tested annually. Furthermore, a higher proportion of consultants chose not to prescribe vitamin B12 to prevent or treat diabetic neuropathy than any other rank.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study indicate a tendency of unnecessarily prescribing vitamin B12 supplementation for the prevention or treatment of diabetic neuropathy as well as a lack of knowledge on the matter among doctors in primary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The study has also shown that it is patients who often request this prescription, adding pressure on their physicians to comply. Future studies should investigate hospitals in a greater number of Saudi cities and include less experienced residents and medical students.
Stress and Physical Inactivity: Two Explosive Ingredients for the Heart in
COVID-19 Pandemic Times
Authors: Ruberti Olívia Moraes , Telles Guilherme Defante , Rodrigues Bruno
Published: February 2021

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic is a global health crisis that has culminated in thousands of deaths. In order to reduce the spread of Sars-CoV-2 virus, governments of several countries have adopted social isolation as a strategy. However, social isolation has culminated in deleterious effects for the population’s health, including increased physical inactivity, stress and, consequently, adverse changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory capacity, muscle strength, physical functionality, and vascular events, which are increasingly pointed out as the main determinants of cardiovascular health. Staying physically active during lockdown is a challenge, especially for the population with a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19 who are still encouraged to maintain social distance until there is a vaccine available. Strategies to avoid physical inactivity, and reduce stress levels can promote cardiovascular protection, and must be considered during COVID-19 time.

Objectives:

The aim of this paper is to discuss the risks of physical inactivity and stress for the cardiovascular system during the COVID-19 pandemic and propose strategies to protect cardiovascular health.

Conclusion:

A home-based training protocol could be an interesting and effective strategy for the population who need to remain physically active and safe at home.
Prevalence and Related Factors of Sarcopenia in Community-dwelling Elderly with Long-term Care Insurance
Authors: Kitamura Masahiro , Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Ishihara Kodai , Matsuda Hiroaki , Okamura Soichiro , Fujioka Koji
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective:

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the prevalence,
related factors, and cut-off value of body mass index for sarcopenia in community-dwelling
elderly covered by long-term care insurance.

Methods:

Design was a cross-sectional study, in which113 consecutive community-dwelling elderly
with long-term care insurance who underwent rehabilitation at a daycare center in Japan from
January 2016 to January 2018, those who were aged ≥65 years old and could walk were included.
Those in whom skeletal muscle mass index could not be measured were excluded. The determination
of sarcopenia was made according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.
We analyzed the data with the unpaired t-test, χ2 test, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating
characteristic curves.

Results:

The 99 elderly meeting the criteria were included and divided into the sarcopenia group
(n=36) and no sarcopenia group (n=63). The prevalence was 36.4%. The sarcopenia group was significantly
older and had lower body mass index, skeletal muscle mass index, and grip strength than
the group without sarcopenia (p <0.05). Age and body mass index were extracted as significant sarcopenia-
related factors (p <0.05). The cut-off value of body mass index for sarcopenia was 22.6
kg/m2.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly in the long-term care insurance region
was 36.4%, and age and body mass index were extracted as sarcopenia-related factors. The cut-off
value of body mass index for sarcopenia was 22.6 kg/m2.