bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Exploration of the Role and Needs of Classroom Teachers in Supporting the Mental Health and Well-Being of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children
Authors: Furness Emily , Li Ian W. , Patterson Lisa , Brennan-Jones Christopher G. , Eikelboom Robert H. , Cross Donna , Fisher Colleen
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) face a wide array of issues that can impact their mental health and well-being. This study aimed to explore the role of schools and classroom teachers in supporting the mental health and well-being of DHH children.

Method

A qualitative study comprising telephone and semistructured interviews with 12 mainstream school classroom teachers who directly support the education and well-being of DHH children was conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Result

Classroom teachers indicated they play an important role in supporting the mental health and well-being of DHH children but identified a range of constraints to providing this support. Four themes were identified: (a) “culture of professional practice,” (b) “operationalized practice,” (c) “constraints to practice,” and (d) “solutions for constraints.”

Conclusions

Classroom teachers play an important role in supporting the mental health and well-being of DHH children but face several constraints in their practice, including limited training and awareness and access to resources. While further research is needed, this study suggests that classroom resources and teacher professional development are needed to enhance classroom teachers' understanding of how to support the mental health and well-being of DHH children.
The Single-mode Complex Amplitude Refinement (SCAR) coronagraph
Authors: Por E. H. , Haffert S. Y.
Published: July 2019

Context. The recent discovery of an Earth-mass exoplanet around the nearby star Proxima Centauri provides a prime target for the search for life on planets outside our solar system. Atmospheric characterization of these planets has been proposed by blocking the starlight with a stellar coronagraph and using a high-resolution spectrograph to search for reflected starlight off the planet.

Aims. Due to the large flux ratio and small angular separation between Proxima b and its host star (≲10−7 and ≲2.2λ/D respectively; at 750 nm for an 8 m-class telescope) the coronagraph requires high starlight suppression at extremely-low inner working angles. Additionally, it must operate over a broad spectral bandwidth and under residual telescope vibrations. This allows for efficient use of spectroscopic post-processing techniques. We aim to find the global optimum of an integrated coronagraphic integral-field spectrograph.

Methods. We present the Single-mode Complex Amplitude Refinement (SCAR) coronagraph that uses a microlens-fed single-mode fiber array in the focal plane downstream from a pupil-plane phase plate. The mode-filtering property of the single-mode fibers allows for the nulling of starlight on the fibers. The phase pattern in the pupil plane is specifically designed to take advantage of this mode-filtering capability. Second-order nulling on the fibers expands the spectral bandwidth and decreases the tip-tilt sensitivity of the coronagraph.

Results. The SCAR coronagraph has a low inner working angle (∼1λ/D) at a contrast of < 3 × 10−5 for the six fibers surrounding the star using a sufficiently-good adaptive optics system. It can operate over broad spectral bandwidths (∼20%) and delivers high throughput (> 50% including fiber injection losses). Additionally, it is robust against tip-tilt errors (∼0.1λ/D rms). We present SCAR designs for both an unobstructed and a VLT-like pupil.

Conclusions. The SCAR coronagraph is a promising candidate for exoplanet detection and characterization around nearby stars using current high-resolution imaging instruments.
Linked color imaging confers benefits in profiling H. pylori infection in the stomach
Authors: Sun Xiaotian , Bi Yiliang , Nong Bing , Hu Duanmin , Sun Xiaomin , Chen Honglei , Xu Yang , Liu Yan
Published: July 2019

Background and study aims There is a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. White light endoscopy (WLE) can be used for evaluating the mucosal lesions, but it does not have high diagnostic efficiency. Linked color imaging (LCI) is a newly developed endoscopic imaging technique. The aim of this study was to compare LCI with WLE in detecting and staging H. pylori infection in the stomach in a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Patients and methods A total of 253 patients who had indications for gastroduodenoscopy were enrolled and randomized into Group A (n = 127), who underwent WLE followed by LCI, and Group B (n = 126), who underwent LCI followed by WLE. Clinical data were collected and the diagnostic accuracy of WLE and LCI was calculated and compared.

Results The overall diagnostic accuracy of WLE and LCI for H. pylori infection was 31.5 % (n = 40) and 50.4 % (n = 64) in Group A (P = 0.001), and 36.5 % (n = 46) and 49.2 % (n = 62) in Group B (P = 0.029). In both groups, LCI had higher sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index scores than WLE. Four stages were defined in the course of H. pylori infection in the stomach. LCI staging results were more highly consistent with pathological staging than were WLE staging results (kappa value 0.772 vs. 0.516). The LCI observations were closely correlated with the pathology.

Conclusion LCI had a higher diagnostic efficacy for H. pylori infection in the stomach. Endoscopic color features under LCI can help to stage and profile H. pylori-associated gastritis.
Hypnosetechniken auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Held Annette , Grunwald Katrin
Published: July 2019

Schwebende Jungfrauen, willenlose Menschen, die auf Befehl die merkwürdigsten
Dinge tun – mit Hypnose verbinden die meisten Menschen eher negative Gefühle
oder Einstellungen. Dabei kann diese Technik, seine Aufmerksamkeit zu
fokussieren und somit Reize von außen zu reduzieren, in Notfall- oder
Extremsituationen dabei helfen, schmerzhafte oder angsteinflößende Prozeduren zu
ertragen. Und das kann gerade für Intensivpatienten hilfreich sein.
Salvage cryotherapy in patients undergoing endoscopic eradication therapy for complicated Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Spiceland Clayton M. , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Paros Samuel , Roof Logan , McVey Molly , Hawes Robert , Hoffman Brenda J. , Elias Puja S.
Published: July 2019

Background and study aims Some patients with dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus (BE) experience suboptimal response to radiofrequency ablation (RFA), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), or the combination. Cryotherapy has been used as salvage therapy in these patients, but outcomes data are limited. We aimed to assess clinical outcomes among a large cohort of patients with dysplastic BE whose condition had failed to respond to RFA and/or EMR.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive cases of dysplastic BE or intramucosal carcinoma (IMC) treated with salvage cryotherapy at a tertiary-care academic medical center. The primary goal of cryotherapy treatment was eradication of all neoplasia. The secondary goal was eradication of all intestinal metaplasia. The proportion of patients undergoing salvage cryotherapy who achieved complete eradication of dysplasia (CE-D) and metaplasia (CE-IM), as well as the time to CE-D and CE-IM were calculated.

Results Over a 12-year period, 46 patients received salvage cryotherapy. All patients underwent RFA prior to cryotherapy, either at our center or prior to referral, and 50 % of patients underwent EMR. A majority of patients (54 %) had high-grade dysplasia (HGD) at referral, while 33 % had low-grade dysplasia (LGD), and 13 % had IMC. Overall, 38 patients (83 %) reached CE-D and 21 (46 %) reached CE-IM. Median time to CE-D was 18 months, median number of total interventions (RFA, cryotherapy, and EMR) was five, and median number of cryotherapy sessions was two.

Conclusion Salvage cryotherapy appears safe and effective for treating BE that is refractory to RFA and/or EMR.
Medicinally Relevant Modification of the Isoquinoline-1,3-dione Scaffold via Metal-Free Arylation and Fluorination of Diazo Homophthalimides­ in Brønsted Acids
Authors: Golushko Andrei , Dar’in Dmitry , Kantin Grigory , Guranova Natalia , Vasilyev Aleksander V. , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: July 2019

Protonation of 4-diazoisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones in Brønsted acids gives rise to diazonium cations that can be trapped with arenes to give 4-arylisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones (homophthalimides). This provides a new, metal-free approach to 4-aryltetrahydroisoquinolines (obtainable from respective homophthalimides by reduction). Similarly, a fluorine atom can be introduced by trapping the diazonium cation with HF. This led to the preparation of the first examples of 4-monofluoro-substituted isoquinoline-1,3-diones (as well as their 4-bromo-4-fluoro and 4-chloro-4-fluoro variants), important carboxylic acid isosteres on their own and precursors of useful 4-fluorotetrahydroisoquinoline building blocks.
Intertwining operator for AG2 Calogero–Moser–Sutherland system
Authors: Feigin Misha , Vrabec Martin
Published: July 2019

We consider the generalized Calogero–Moser–Sutherland quantum Hamiltonian H associated with a configuration of vectors AG2 on the plane which is a union of A2 and G2 root systems. The Hamiltonian H depends on one parameter. We find an intertwining operator between H and the Calogero–Moser–Sutherland Hamiltonian for the root system G2. This gives a quantum integral for H of order 6 in an explicit form, thus establishing integrability of H.
Spectral broadening in self-assembled GaAs quantum dots with narrow size distribution
Authors: Basso Basset Francesco , Bietti Sergio , Tuktamyshev Artur , Vichi Stefano , Bonera Emiliano , Sanguinetti Stefano
Published: July 2019

The control over the spectral broadening of an ensemble of emitters, mainly attributable to the size and shape dispersion and the homogenous broadening mechanisms, is crucial to several applications of quantum dots. We present a convenient self-assembly approach to deliver strain-free GaAs quantum dots with size dispersion below 10%, due to the control of the growth parameters during the preliminary formation of the Ga droplets. This results in an ensemble photoluminescence linewidth of 19 meV at 14 K. The narrow emission band and the absence of a wetting layer promoting dot–dot coupling allow us to deconvolve the contribution of phonon broadening in the ensemble photoluminescence and study it in a wide temperature range.
Electric field induced tunable memristive characteristics of exfoliated graphene oxide embedded polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Gogoi Koustav Kashyap , Chowdhury Avijit
Published: July 2019

Resistive switching properties of layered graphene oxides (GOs) filled polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) have received tremendous attention in the field of memory devices. Herein, we report highly stable write-once-read-many-times (WORM) resistive switching properties of exfoliated GOs embedded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films. The WORM characteristics of the PNC devices have been studied by varying the active layer thickness and the content of GO nanofillers. A disrupted carbon network of GOs enables defect states that act as an energy barrier for carriers and the charge transport through the PNC devices is blocked at a lower electric field. At an elevated electric field, GO sheets embedded PMMA offers percolation pathways for electron transfer, thereby making the composites electrically more conductive. The set voltage (VSET) decreases with a decrease in the active layer thickness, whereas VSET increases with a decrease in the GOs content within PNC devices. For a fixed compliance current (∼1 μA), highest ION/IOFF ratio ∼104 at 1.87 V has been achieved for the PNCs device spin-coated at 9000 rpm with 0.1 wt. % GOs content. The stability of the devices has been confirmed through retention test up to 104 s. In addition, the J-V curves are fitted and an appropriate conduction mechanism is proposed.
Water transport through graphene and MoS2 nanopores
Authors: Liu Chunjiao , Jin Yakang , Li Zhigang
Published: July 2019

In this work, pressure-driven water transport through graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanopores is investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. The dependence of water flow rate on the pore area and pressure drop is studied for various pore structures. Power-law relationships, Q∝Aα, with α ranging from 1.6 to 1.9 between the flow rate (Q) and the pore area (A), are found, while the flow rate increases linearly with increasing pressure drop. The transport results are explained by the diffusion coefficient and friction coefficient of water molecules through the nanopores, as well as the free energy barriers at the pores.
Selecting a suite of potential partner sites for the Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary to aid shorebird conservation in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway
Authors: Mehlman David W. , Fitzsimons James A. , Irving Arkellah , Irving Jason , Hancock Boze
Published: July 2019

Migratory shorebird species depend on a suite of interconnected sites and protection of these sites as part of a network is an increasingly used conservation approach. Partnering sites based on shared migratory bird species can be a powerful tool for implementing conservation action. To assist the Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary (AIBS), South Australia, in expanding their conservation impact across the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, we generated a list of 81 sites to consider for potential partnerships. We developed the list using existing shorebird count data for seven high priority migratory shorebirds that spend the austral summer at AIBS, such as Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) and Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris). We computed a scaled abundance across all species to develop a categorical indicator of importance of each potential site for its shared species richness and abundance. Based on assessments of literature, existing conservation plans, and interviews with experts, we also evaluated each potential site’s feasibility for ecotourism, conservation management, and existing or potential partnerships. This process resulted in a list of 20 sites for the AIBS to consider for possible partnerships in nine countries that met some combination of values for shared shorebird species, inclusion in one or more current site designation schemes, existing or potential opportunities for tourism, habitat management, or partnerships. Additional sites that either have high or medium abundances of shared shorebird species or that have been designated as important by other criteria (Ramsar, Important Bird and Biodiversity Area) were identified. We recommend this methodology be applied to other sites seeking to form cross-boundary partnerships to help further the conservation of highly mobile species.
Online hatred of women in the Incels.me forum
Authors: Jaki Sylvia , De Smedt Tom , Gwóźdź Maja , Panchal Rudresh , Rossa Alexander , De Pauw Guy
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a study of the (now suspended) online discussion forum Incels.me and its users,involuntary celibatesorincels, a virtual community of isolated men without a sexual life, who see women as the cause of their problems and often use the forum for misogynistic hate speech and other forms of incitement. Involuntary celibates have attracted media attention and concern, after a killing spree in April 2018 in Toronto, Canada. The aim of this study is to shed light on the group dynamics of the incel community, by applying mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze how the users of the forum create in-group identity and how they construct major out-groups, particularly women. We investigate the vernacular used by incels, apply automatic profiling techniques to determine who they are, discuss the hate speech posted in the forum, and propose a Deep Learning system that is able to detect instances of misogyny, homophobia, and racism, with approximately 95% accuracy.
Comparison of cox models in detecting factors affecting healing rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Miftahuddin  , Salsabila I , Gul A
Published: July 2019

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an epidemic of disease that usually becomes a benchmark of good or bad condition of the environment and health facilities of a region. When the disease is outbreak and does not get serious treatment, it causes death. One of the first steps that can be done to deal with this disease is to know the factors that affect the healing rate of DHF patients. This study aims to detect factors affecting the healing rate of DHF patients by using Cox regression analysis based on Cox model family, such as Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) model, extended Cox model with one and two heaviside function, and stratified Cox model and get best model for this study. The data used is secondary data consisting of 107 in-patients DHF period January-December 2016 at Regional General Hospital dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Based on Cox Proportional Hazard model, the variable that significantly affect the patient’s healing rate is Age. Based on the Extended Cox model with one heaviside function, the variables that significantly affect the patient’s healing rate are Age, Sex, Number of Platelets, Clinical Degrees III and Number of Leukocytes multiplied by the time function. Based on the Extended Cox model with two heaviside functions, the variables that significantly affect the patient’s healing rate are Age, Sex, Number of Platelets, Clinical Degrees III and Number of Leucocytes multiplied by second time function. Based on the stratified Cox model, there are no variables that significantly affect the patient’s healing rate. The best model based on Akaike Information Criterion value is the Stratified Cox model.
Approaching model of Manning’s coefficient due to an Effect of density and height of vegetation in open channel
Authors: Rizalihadi M , Ziana  , Shaskia N
Published: July 2019

The presence of vegetation growing in the channel can cause increasing the Manning’s coefficient. The magnitude of Manning’s coefficient is depended on the characteristic and type of vegetation. The purpose of the research is to study and model the effect of density and height of vegetation on Manning’s coefficient in open channel. The study was conducted in open channel with 15.5 m length, 0.5 m width and 1.0 m height. At the centre part of the channel is planted with Elephant grass (Pennisetum Purpureum). The effect of different density and height of vegetation were run with fixed discharge to measure the velocity and water profiles in order to obtain Manning’s coefficients. The effect of those variables on the developed model was evaluated using statistical analysis of variance and paired t-test with significance level of 0.05. The results showed that Manning’s coefficient is increasing as increasing density and height of vegetation. If compared to un-vegetated channel, Manning’s coefficient increase in between 4.92 - 54.07%. Based on statistical analysis, it is found that Fcalculation = 367.776 > Fcritic = 19.452, tcalculation = 12.298 and 22.464 > tcritic = 2.571 and R2 = 0,967, showing that the density and height of vegetation significantly influence on the Manning’s coefficient with strong correlation variables in the model.
Deformation and crack analysis of tunnel structure subjected to static distributed load using Pseudoshell model
Authors: Hasan M , Husaini  , Abdullah N M
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to study the deformation and crack in shotcrete of tunnel structure subjected to distributed static load. Tunnel is modeled as two dimensional finite element model using commersial finite element software, namely ATENA (Advance Tool for Engineering Non Linear Analysis) version V5. Non linear material models for concrete and reinforcing bars are adopted. For deformation and crack analysis, pseudoshell model is adopted in which fictitious crack opening is assumed occur first in pseudoshell then propagate to the tunnel structures. Three variations of pseudoshell thickness of 30 mm, 60 mm and 100 mm are used. The development of crack opening and propagation of crack and its displacement due to the increasing of static load is therefore analyzed. The analytical results show that the dummy load and displacement at the crack opening width of 1 mm for the pseudoshell thickness of 30 mm, 60 mm and 100 mm are 48 kN/m and 48,33 mm; 55 kN/m and 42,75 mm; 67 kN/m and 35,5 mm respectively. The relationships between dummy load, displacement and crack opening width are closely linear.
The influence of the using waste tire rubber and natural ziolite as Asphalt and Cement replacements to compressive strength of Semi-Flexible Pavement
Authors: Hamzani  , Munirwansyah  , Hasan M , Sugiarto S
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to study the compressive strength of semi-flexible pavement by using waste tire rubber and natural zeolite as asphalt and cement replacements. The mix design of porous asphalt is started with a determination of optimum asphalt proportion with open-graded aggregate as specified in Australian Asphalt Pavement Association (AAPA) 2004. The asphalt was then replaced by 3 %, 4 % and 5 % of waste tire rubber and the Marshall test were conducted. The cement mortar with 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % natural zeolite was injected to porous asphalt specimens. The compressive strength test was conducted based on ASTM C670-91a at the age of the specimens of 14 days. The test results showed that the higher compressive strength is reached at the 15 % natural zeolite and 5 % waste tire rubber, which is 15,43 MPa.
Permeable interior: Unfolding threshold space within transit corridor
Authors: Maheswari N R , Arvanda E , Kusuma N R
Published: July 2019

At a transit corridor, threshold plays a key role in creating connectivity between the interior of transit facilities and its immediate urban context. The threshold is a choreographer of spatial experience and might potentially generate various public activities. As a transitional space, the permeability of threshold space’s boundary becomes an important factor for the users’ spatial experience and in providing a sense of safety and direction for the pedestrian. Such penetrable properties also help the users predict what is going on in and around the space. This paper suggests that threshold space can be read as an interior space. Therefore, the author uses interior theories as a groundwork for the case study. This paper aims to reveal how permeability in threshold space within transit corridor might have an impact on its atmosphere and the people’s experience within. It also argues that permeable threshold can have a significant impact on users’ perception of the transitional space. The method used on this paper is a qualitative method, including literature review, case study, and field observation. The findings may be useful in planning threshold space in the future to create a better and safer transit experience.
The degree of filler dispersion, rheometric and mechanical properties of carbon black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber composites in the presence of alkanolamide
Authors: Surya I , Ismail H
Published: July 2019

The degree of filler dispersion, rheometric and mechanical properties of carbon black (CB)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composites in the presence of alkanolamide (ALK) were investigated using a semi-efficient sulphur accelerated vulcanisation system. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled SBR composites at1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 parts per hundred rubber (phr). It was found that ALK decreased the scorch time, cure time and minimum torque of the CB-filled SBR composites. The ALK also increased the torque difference, tensile modulus, hardness, resilience and tensile strength; especially up to a 5.0 phr of loading. Due to its plasticising effect, ALK improved the degree of CB dispersion and increased the elongation at break of the CB-filled SBR composites. The crosslink density was increased by improving the degree of CB dispersion and rubber-filler interaction, respectively. The 5.0 phr of ALK was the optimum loading for CB-filled SBR composites which exhibited the highest values in tensile modulus, hardness, resilience and tensile strength.
Analysis of transport workers’ postures in the loading process of manual material handling activities by using the photogrammetric method
Authors: Hasanuddin I , Fahrizal R , Asmadi D
Published: July 2019

This research was conducted on the loading process of manual material handling of cup mineral water activity at PT. PA, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. With samples of 12 transport workers, the observed loading activity includes the position of lifting, walking, and loading. The loading process is done manually from the warehouse into the truck. This work is done continuously by a transport worker with each transported load reaching 48 kilograms. In a one-time loading process, a transport worker performs as many as 33 trips and the timing for each transport loading process is 20 seconds. With the work done continuously and the loads transported are weighty; therefore there are risks of experiencing musculoskeletal disorders by the transport workers. Thus, questionnaires, interviews, and observations were used as instruments to obtain data. Calculations were further conducted to analyze the postures of transport workers by using the Photogrammetric Method. The results show that the moment force calculation at L5/S1 is greatest in the position of lifting the load at 5.756,81 N; meanwhile, the NIOSH provision is 3,400 N for a normal lift limit. Hence, the solutions proposed to this problem are to reduce the load to 24 kilograms/loading and the utilization of the trolley.
The Mutual Domestication of Users and Algorithmic Recommendations on Netflix
Authors: Siles Ignacio , Espinoza-Rojas Johan , Naranjo Adrián , Tristán María Fernanda
Published: July 2019

This article examines the mutual domestication of users and recommendation algorithms on Netflix. Based on 25 interviews with users and an inductive analysis of their practices and profiles on the platform, we discuss five dynamics through which this mutual domestication occurs: personalization, or the ways in which individualized relationships between users and the platform are built; how algorithmic recommendations are integrated into a matrix of cultural codes; the rituals through which they are incorporated into spatial and temporal processes in daily life; the resistance to various aspects of Netflix as a form to enact agency; and the conversion or transformation of the private consumption of the platform into a public issue. The conclusion elaborates on the theoretical and analytical implications of this approach, to rethink the relationship between algorithms and culture.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in thoracic surgery patients: an international survey
Authors: Shargall Yaron , Brunelli Alessandro , Murthy Sudish , Schneider Laura , Minervini Fabrizio , Bertolaccini Luca , Agzarian John , Linkins Lori-Ann , Kestenholz Peter , Li Hui , Rocco Gaetano , Girard Philippe , Venuta Federico , Samama Marc , Scarci Marco , Anraku Masaki , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Kirk Alan , Solli Piergiorgio , Hofstetter Wayne , Okumura Meinoshin , Douketis James , Litle Virginia
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES

Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) after thoracic surgery (TS) can be prevented with mechanical and chemical prophylaxis. Unlike other surgical specialties, TS lacks evidence-based guidelines. In the process of developing these guidelines, an understanding of the current prophylaxis methods practiced internationally is necessary and is described in this article.

METHODS

A 26-item survey was distributed to members of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS), American Association of Thoracic Surgery (AATS), Japanese Association for Chest Surgery (JACS) and Chinese Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (CSTCS) electronically or in person. Participants were asked to report their current prophylaxis selection, timing of initiation and duration of prophylaxis, perceived risk factors and the presence and adherence to institutional VTE guidelines for patients undergoing TS for malignancies.

RESULTS

In total, 1613 surgeons anonymously completed the survey with an overall 36% response rate. Respondents were senior surgeons working in large academic hospitals (≥70%, respectively). More than 83.5% of ESTS, AATS and JACS respondents report formal TS thromboprophylaxis protocols in their institutions, but 53% of CSTCS members report not having such a protocol. The regions varied in the approaches utilized for VTE prophylaxis, the timing of initiation perioperatively and the use and type of extended prophylaxis. Respondents reported that multiple risk factors and sources of information impact their VTE prophylaxis decision-making processes, and these factors vastly diverge regionally.

CONCLUSIONS

There is little agreement internationally on the optimal approach to thromboprophylaxis in the TS population, and guidelines will be helpful and vastly welcomed.
Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. adapts to rhizobia populations with differential taxonomy and symbiotic effectiveness outside of its location of origin
Authors: de Oliveira Isabelly Santos Rosado , Jesus Ederson da Conceição , Ribeiro Thiago Gonçalves , da Silva Maura Santos Reis de Andrade , Tenorio Jairo de Oliveira , Martins Lindete Míria Vieira , de Faria Sérgio Miana
Published: July 2019

Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. is a legume native to the semi-arid region of Brazil, in the Northeast. Its successful adaptation to other locations, such as the Atlantic Forest in the Southeast region, may be related to its ability to establish symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, especially β-rhizobia of the genus Paraburkholderia. The objective of this work was to determine whether M. caesalpiniifolia adapted to bacterial symbionts in locals where it was introduced. Bacteria were recovered from nodules of M. caesapiniifolia and characterized at the genetic level by BOX-PCR, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA, recA, nifH, and nodC genes. Their symbiotic effectiveness was assessed under axenic conditions. M. caesalpiniifolia nodulated mainly with P. sabiae and a few strains of Rhizobium in the Southeast. On the other hand, the symbionts found in the Northeast were, predominantly, P. diazotrophica. Regardless of its origin, P. diazotrophica promoted a superior accumulation of plant biomass than other bacterial species. The results presented here demonstrate the ability of M. caesalpiniifolia to adapt to bacterial populations outside its location of origin, and indicate that, in this case, the symbiotic effectiveness was associated to the taxonomical classification of the strains.
Differences in soil microbial response to anthropogenic disturbances in Sanjiang and Momoge Wetlands, China
Authors: Wei Jing , Gao Jie , Wang Na , Liu Ying , Wang Yuwan , Bai Zhihui , Zhuang Xuliang , Zhuang Guoqiang
Published: July 2019

To understand the response of soil microbial communities in different types of wetlands to anthropogenic disturbances, this study focused on a freshwater wetland (Sanjiang Wetland) and a salt marsh (Momoge Wetland) and sampled cultivated, degraded, and natural soils in these wetlands. High-throughput sequencing was applied to characterize the soil microbial community composition, and physicochemical properties, including pH, total nitrogen, total carbon, and soil water content (SWC), were measured. The results revealed that the total nitrogen, total carbon, and SWC were significantly lower in disturbed soil in the freshwater wetland but higher in the salt marsh. Generally, under anthropogenic disturbances, microbial community diversity decreased in the freshwater wetland and increased in the salt marsh. The bacterial community structure in the salt marsh was more sensitive than that in the freshwater wetland, while the fungal community structure in the freshwater wetland was more susceptible than that in the salt marsh. The results of indicator value analyses revealed specific issues in two wetlands, such as methane generation and anoxic conditions. This study shows that soil microbiomes in two types of wetlands respond differently to human activities, which implies that the type of native wetlands should be considered in the exploitation of wetlands.
Longitudinal Associations Between Short-Term, Repeated, and Sustained Arts Engagement and Well-Being Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Tymoszuk Urszula , Perkins Rosie , Spiro Neta , Williamon Aaron , Fancourt Daisy
Published: July 2019

Objectives

This study investigated whether frequency of receptive arts engagement over 10 years contributes to experienced, evaluative, and eudaimonic well-being in older adults.

Methods

We used repeated data of 3,188 respondents from Waves 2–7 (2004/2005–2014/2015) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We examined longitudinal associations between short-term (frequent engagement at one wave), repeated (frequent engagement at 2–3 waves), and sustained (frequent engagement at 4–6 waves) arts engagement and experienced, evaluative and eudaimonic well-being. We fitted linear and logistic regression models adjusted for baseline well-being and a number of sociodemographic, economic, health, and social engagement factors.

Results

In the fully adjusted models, short-term engagement was not longitudinally associated with well-being, but repeated engagement with the theater/concerts/opera and museums/galleries/exhibitions was associated with enhanced eudaimonic well-being, and sustained engagement with these activities was associated with greater experienced, evaluative, and eudaimonic well-being.

Discussion

Long-term frequent engagement with certain arts activities is associated with higher levels of happiness, life satisfaction, self-realization, and control/autonomy in older adults. These findings suggest that policies that facilitate older adults’ access to arts venues and activities, and support their continued engagement with them, may help to promote happy, fulfilling lives of an increasing segment of the population.
Assessing scalability of an intervention: why, how and who?
Authors: Zamboni Karen , Schellenberg Joanna , Hanson Claudia , Betran Ana Pilar , Dumont Alexandre
Published: July 2019

Public health interventions should be designed with scale in mind, and researchers and implementers must plan for scale-up at an early stage. Yet, there is limited awareness among researchers of the critical value of considering scalability and relatively limited empirical evidence on assessing scalability, despite emerging methodological guidance. We aimed to integrate scalability considerations in the design of a study to evaluate a multi-component intervention to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections in low- and middle-income countries. First, we reviewed and synthesized existing scale up frameworks to identify relevant dimensions and available scalability assessment tools. Based on these, we defined our scalability assessment process and adapted existing tools for our study. Here, we document our experience and the methodological challenges we encountered in integrating a scalability assessment in our study protocol. These include: achieving consensus on the purpose of a scalability assessment; and identifying the optimal timing of such an assessment, moving away from the concept of a one-off assessment at the start of a project. We also encountered tensions between the need to establish the proof of principle, and the need to design an innovation that would be fit-for-scale. Particularly for complex interventions, scaling up may warrant rigorous research to determine an efficient and effective scaling-up strategy. We call for researchers to better incorporate scalability considerations in pragmatic trials through greater integration of impact and process evaluation, more stringent definition and measurement of scale-up objectives and outcome evaluation plans that allow for comparison of effects at different stages of scale-up.
Big Data for Nutrition Research in Pediatric Oncology: Current State and Framework for Advancement
Authors: Phillips Charles A , Pollock Brad H
Published: July 2019

Recognition and treatment of malnutrition in pediatric oncology patients is crucial because it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Nutrition-relevant data collected from cancer clinical trials and nutrition-specific studies are insufficient to drive high-impact nutrition research without augmentation from additional data sources. To date, clinical big data resources are underused for nutrition research in pediatric oncology. Health-care big data can be broadly subclassified into three clinical data categories: administrative, electronic health record (including clinical data research networks and learning health systems), and mobile health. Along with -omics data, each has unique applications and limitations. We summarize the potential use of clinical big data to drive pediatric oncology nutrition research and identify key scientific gaps. A framework for advancement of big data utilization for pediatric oncology nutrition research is presented and focuses on transdisciplinary teams, data interoperability, validated cohort curation, data repurposing, and mobile health applications.
Medical Risk and Resilience in Adolescents and Young Adults With Epilepsy: The Role of Self-Management Self-Efficacy
Authors: Engel Melissa L , Barnes Andrew J , Henry Thomas R , Garwick Ann E , Scal Peter B
Published: July 2019

Objective

Medical factors that put adolescents and young adults (AYA) with epilepsy at risk for poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are well-established. Less known is whether medical risk is associated with decreases in global psychological well-being and how self-management self-efficacy might contribute to resilience. The current study seeks to (a) examine the relationship between medical risk and both HRQOL and psychological well-being in AYA with epilepsy and (b) investigate the potential moderating role of self-management self-efficacy.

Methods

A sample of 180 AYA with epilepsy, aged 13–24 years, was recruited from clinic and community settings and completed questionnaires. A medical risk gradient composed of seizure frequency, antiepileptic drugs, and other health problems was created. HRQOL, psychological well-being, and self-management self-efficacy were assessed.

Results

Medical risk was negatively associated with HRQOL, such that youth with greater risk scores reported lower HRQOL (r = −0.35, p < .01). However, there was no significant relationship between medical risk and psychological well-being (r = −0.08, p = .31). Self-efficacy was positively correlated with HRQOL and well-being (r = 0.50, p < .01; r = 0.48, p < .01). A moderation effect was detected, such that the positive effect of self-efficacy on HRQOL differed across medical risk levels.

Implications

Cultivating psychological strengths, as opposed to solely addressing medical problems, may be a promising intervention target when treating AYA with epilepsy, including those navigating healthcare transitions. Self-efficacy predicted HRQOL at most levels of risk, suggesting an important modifiable intrinsic factor that may promote resilience.
Bayesian cosmic density field inference from redshift space dark matter maps
Authors: Bos E G Patrick , Kitaura Francisco-Shu , van de Weygaert Rien
Published: July 2019

We present a self-consistent Bayesian formalism to sample the primordial density fields compatible with a set of dark matter density tracers after a cosmic evolution observed in redshift space. Previous works on density reconstruction did not self-consistently consider redshift space distortions or included an additional iterative distortion correction step. We present here the analytic solution of coherent flows within a Hamiltonian Monte Carlo posterior sampling of the primordial density field. We test our method within the Zel’dovich approximation, presenting also an analytic solution including tidal fields and spherical collapse on small scales. Our resulting reconstructed fields are isotropic and their power spectra are unbiased compared to the true field defined by our mock observations. Novel algorithmic implementations are introduced regarding the mass assignment kernels when defining the dark matter density field and optimization of the time-step in the Hamiltonian equations of motions. Our algorithm, dubbed barcode, promises to be specially suited for analysis of the dark matter cosmic web down to scales of a few megaparsecs. This large-scale structure is implied by the observed spatial distribution of galaxy clusters – such as obtained from X-ray, Sunyaev–Zel’dovich, or weak lensing surveys – as well as that of the intergalactic medium sampled by the Ly α forest or perhaps even by deep hydrogen intensity mapping. In these cases, virialized motions are negligible, and the tracers cannot be modelled as point-like objects. It could be used in all of these contexts as a baryon acoustic oscillation reconstruction algorithm.
Gaia Data Release 2 catalogue of extremely low-mass white dwarf candidates
Authors: Pelisoli Ingrid , Vos Joris
Published: July 2019

Extremely low-mass white dwarf stars (ELMs) are M < 0.3 M⊙ helium-core white dwarfs born either as a result of a common-envelope phase or after a stable Roche lobe overflow episode in a multiple system. The Universe is not old enough for ELMs to have formed through single-star evolution channels. As remnants of binary evolution, ELMs can shed light onto the poorly understood phase of common-envelope evolution and provide constraints to the physics of mass accretion. Most known ELMs will merge in less than a Hubble time, providing an important contribution to the signal to be detected by upcoming space-based gravitational wave detectors. There are currently less than 150 known ELMs; most were selected by colour, focusing on hot objects, in a magnitude-limited survey of the Northern hemisphere only. Recent theoretical models have predicted a much larger space density for ELMs than estimated observationally based on this limited sample. In order to perform meaningful comparisons with theoretical models and test their predictions, a larger well-defined sample is required. In this work, we present a catalogue of ELM candidates selected from the second data release of Gaia (DR2). We have used predictions from theoretical models and analysed the properties of the known sample to map the space spanned by ELMs in the Gaia Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Defining a set of colour cuts and quality flags, we have obtained a final sample of 5762 ELM candidates down to Teff ≈ 5000 K.
Ghostly haloes in dwarf galaxies: constraints on the star formation efficiency before reionization
Authors: Kang Hoyoung D , Ricotti Massimo
Published: July 2019

Stellar haloes observed around normal galaxies are extended and faint stellar structures formed by debris of tidally disrupted dwarf galaxies accreted overtime by the host galaxy. Around dwarf galaxies, these stellar haloes may not exist if all the accreted satellites are dark haloes without stars. However, if a stellar halo is found in sufficiently small mass dwarfs, the whole stellar halo is composed of tidal debris of fossil galaxies, and we refer to it as ghostly halo. Fossil galaxies are so called because they formed most of their stars before the epoch of reionization, and have been identified as the ultrafaint dwarf galaxies found around the Milky Way and M31.

In this paper, we carry out semi-analytical simulations to characterize the sizes and stellar masses of ghostly stellar haloes in dwarf galaxies as a function of their dark matter halo mass. By comparing the models to observations of six isolated dwarf galaxies in the Local Group showing evidence of extended stellar haloes, we are able to constrain the star formation efficiency in fossil galaxies. We find that at redshift z ∼ 6, dark matter haloes in the mass range 107–109 M⊙ have a mean star formation efficiency $f_* \equiv M_*/M_{\mathrm{ dm}} \sim 0.1\!-\!0.2\hbox{ per cent}$ nearly constant as a function of the dark matter halo mass.
coMethDMR: accurate identification of co-methylated and differentially methylated regions in epigenome-wide association studies with continuous phenotypes
Authors: Gomez Lissette , Odom Gabriel J , Young Juan I , Martin Eden R , Liu Lizhong , Chen Xi , Griswold Anthony J , Gao Zhen , Zhang Lanyu , Wang Lily
Published: July 2019

Recent technology has made it possible to measure DNA methylation profiles in a cost-effective and comprehensive genome-wide manner using array-based technology for epigenome-wide association studies. However, identifying differentially methylated regions (DMRs) remains a challenging task because of the complexities in DNA methylation data. Supervised methods typically focus on the regions that contain consecutive highly significantly differentially methylated CpGs in the genome, but may lack power for detecting small but consistent changes when few CpGs pass stringent significance threshold after multiple comparison. Unsupervised methods group CpGs based on genomic annotations first and then test them against phenotype, but may lack specificity because the regional boundaries of methylation are often not well defined. We present coMethDMR, a flexible, powerful, and accurate tool for identifying DMRs. Instead of testing all CpGs within a genomic region, coMethDMR carries out an additional step that selects co-methylated sub-regions first. Next, coMethDMR tests association between methylation levels within the sub-region and phenotype via a random coefficient mixed effects model that models both variations between CpG sites within the region and differential methylation simultaneously. coMethDMR offers well-controlled Type I error rate, improved specificity, focused testing of targeted genomic regions, and is available as an open-source R package.
Tractography-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anteromedial Globus Pallidus Internus for Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Case Report
Authors: Azriel Amit , Farrand Sarah , Di Biase Maria , Zalesky Andrew , Lui Elaine , Desmond Patricia , Evans Andrew , Awad Mohammed , Moscovici Samuel , Velakoulis Dennis , Bittar Richard G
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder, mainly treated with psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Surgical intervention may be appropriate for patients with treatment-refractory OCD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an alternative for previously common ablative surgical procedures. Tractography has been proposed as a method for individualizing DBS treatment and may have the potential to improve efficacy.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

We present a patient with treatment-refractory OCD previously treated with bilateral leucotomies, who underwent DBS surgery with targeting informed by tractography. Preoperative tractography to identify suitable DBS targets was undertaken. Structural images were also utilized for standard stereotactic surgical planning. The anteromedial globus pallidus internus (amGPi) was chosen as the target bilaterally after consideration of white matter projections to frontal cortical regions and neurosurgical approach. Bilateral amGPi DBS surgery was undertaken without adverse events. At 16-mo follow-up, there was a 48.5% reduction in OCD symptom severity as measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.

CONCLUSION

The amGPi can be a successful DBS target for OCD. This is the first known case to report on DBS surgery postleucotomies for OCD and highlights the utility of tractography for surgical planning in OCD.