bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Study on Effective Multicultural Counseling Course for Korean Counselor Trainees
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Ra Young-An
Published: January 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to contribute to an emerging body of literature on how to educate multicultural counseling courses more effectively, and how to promote multicultural competencies of counselor trainees.
Methods For this aim, 6 counseling professionals were interviewed and the data were analyzed to understand their perception and strategies regarding educating multicultural counseling courses. We used Consensual Qualitative Research(CQR) to analyzed the data.
Results As results, course contents were developed including definitions and topics of multicultural counseling, self-understanding, and issues of resistance and microagressions. In addition, course strategies were also reported including effective individual goal setting, diverse course activities, and useful course evaluation plan which is self-evaluation.
Conclusions The study provides strategies to enhance multicultural competences of counselor educators and with implications for multicultural counselors training.
Influences of Academic Stress, Overdependence on Smartphones, and Interpersonal Competence on Health Promoting Behaviors in Male High School Students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Hong Minjoo
Published: January 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting health promoting behaviors in male high school students.
Methods The subjects were 212 male high school students located in C city. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used using SPSS version 27.0.
Results Influences of academic stress, overdependence on smartphones, and interpersonal competence were positively correlated with health promoting behaviors. The variables affecting the health promoting behaviors of the subjects were interpersonal competence (β=.614, p<.001), grade level (β=.170, p=.001), smartphone dependence (β=-.160, p=.002), and the total explanatory power of these variables was 52.3% (F=78.129, p<.001).
Conclusions Interpersonal competence was one of the biggest influential factors on health promoting behaviors. In order to improve the health promoting behavior of high school students, the development of interpersonal competence in consideration of the characteristics of their developmental stages must be carried out in parallel. And it is necessary to create an educational plan that can reduce the negative impact of overindependence on smartphones in consideration of the subject's personal environment.
Research Trend on Instructional Consulting: Focus on the Publication of Domestic Academic Journals from 2013 to 2021(until November)
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jung Minyoung , Kim Hyunjun , Lee Sangsu
Published: January 2023

Objectives The purpose of this research is to analyze the trend of instructional consulting research and propose the direction of future research in the field.
Methods In order to achieve the research purpose and derive the research results, research trend analysis was conducted based on the analysis criteria of four types (quantitative change, research subject, research purpose, and research method). Excel, power query, and textom are research tools for creating descriptive statistics and generating visualization data.
Results First, instructional consulting research showed an increase until 2012. However, it has been steadily decreasing since 2013. In particular, instructional consulting research is concentrated between early and mid-term. Insturctional consulting research within the last three years is insufficient. Second, the research subjects set in the instructional consulting research were mainly ‘instructor’, and the ratio was in the order of elementary school, university secondary school, and infant level. Among the research subjects, ‘learner’ were insignificant, but the university level accounted for a high proportion. Third, in the instructional consulting research, the research purpose was in the order of fact-finding, discovery of practice cases, search for development directions, model development, characteristic analysis, and effectiveness. Fourth, the research methods used in instructional consulting research were in the order of case research, literature research, investigation research, experimental research, and others.
Conclusions First, instructional consulting research decreased as it was reduced due to the flow of educational policy, but it is necessary to increase the interest of instructional consulting academic researchers and systematic research support. Second, it is necessary to expand and conduct research to check whether learners' learning improvement, which is the purpose of instructional consulting, has been achieved. In addition, it should be supported to search for ways for teachers to voluntarily participate in instructional consulting and to prepare institutional devices. Third, rather than focusing on instructional consulting practice, the research purpose trend should continue to secure basic data, analyze cases, and explore the direction of instructional consulting development from a system perspective. Fourth, it is necessary to make efforts by researchers in the field of instructional consulting to maintain the tendency that research methods are not biased to one side.
A study on a model of the achievement-standard statement from the perspective of subject-matter education: focusing on the subject of English
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Kyong-Hahn
Published: January 2023

Objectives This study develops a model of the achievement-standard statement from the perspective of subject-matter education in order to solve the problems with the existing way of stating the achievement standards and reflect the changes and demands in the current school education.
Methods This model is composed of five constructs from the perspective of subject-matter education, by specifying content standards into ‘learning content’ and ‘learning context’ and performance standards into ‘performance action’ that means instructional activities needed to reach ‘target ability’ as the terminal behavior and ‘performance condition/target criteria’ necessary for such performance.
Results Based on these constructs, this model systematically analyzed the 2015 English language achievement standards. The target for analysis is the overall achievement standards of the English subject, including common and optional subjects.
Conclusions The study classifies the types of English language achievement standards based on this model and presents solutions to the problems with the statement, such as ambiguity, redundancy, clarity, or unity. Furthermore, the study provides a methodological framework necessary to develop new achievement standards appropriate for competency education in school.
Differences in Teacher Variables and Teacher's Efficacy according to the Professional Development and Work Environment Cluster Type Perceived by Infant Care Teacher
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Hwang Hyuk , Moon Hyuk-Jun
Published: January 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of Child Care Teachers' Variable and teacher's efficacy by analyzing Professional Development and Work Environment Perceived by infant care teachers with cluster analysis.
Methods The participants in the study were 351 childcare teachers in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daejeon, and Busan province, cluster analysis using the sub-scales of professional development and work environmen was conducted. Then, the differences in Individual Variables of Day-Care Teachers were analyzed among sub-groups by using Chi-square analysis. also, the differences in Teacher's Efficacy were analyzed among sub-groups by using one-way ANOVA.
Results First, there were four clusters according to infant care teacher’s professional development and work environment. Cluster 1 was named ‘Professional development and working environment low-group’, Cluster 2 was named ‘Working environment Centered group’, Cluster 3 was named ‘Professional development Centered group’, and Cluster 4 was named ‘Professional development and working environment high-group’. Second, as a result of examining the difference of Child Care Teacher Variable according to the type of professional development and work environment of infant care teachers, the Type of Child Care Center and age showed a significant difference according to the type of professional development and work environment. Third, as a result of examining the difference of teacher's efficacy according to the type of professional development and work environment of infant care teachers, the General efficacy, Personal Efficacy, teacher's efficacy showed a significant difference according to the type of professional development and work environment of infant care teacher.
Conclusions The results of this study is meaningful in identifying characteristics of the professional development and the working environment of infant care teachers, and providing information that can suggest ways to actively influence teacher efficacy.
Infection and Egg Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Oleander Nerium oleander
Authors:   Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq, Adel Rahma Mukhlis , Al-Juboori Firas Kadhim ,   Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq
Published: January 2023

Adel, R.M. and F.K. Aljuboori. 2022. Infection and Egg Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Oleander Nerium oleander. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 293-298. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP40.4.293298 The identification and first record of Nerium oleander infection with root-knot nematode M. javanica was confirmed by the PCR test using the pair of species-specific primers (Fjav and Rjav). Symptoms of the Oleander root-knot disease are similar to those caused by these nematodes on other flowering plants. The results of the study described the stages of embryo development inside the egg and until hatching under laboratory conditions. The difference in egg shape index ranged from 35.8 to 87.9, whereas the dominant egg shape index was between 44.5 and 48.8. Keywords: Nerium oleander, eggs, embryo development, root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica
Prediction of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) Generations Using Cumulative Degree-Days Model
Authors:   Tartous Center for Agricultural Scientific Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria, Faskha Shadi , Darwish Rabih ,   Tartous Center for Agricultural Scientific Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria, Dayoub Ali ,   Tartous Center for Agricultural Scientific Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria
Published: January 2023

Faskha, S.M., R. Darwish and A. Dayoub. 2022. Prediction of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) Generations Using Cumulative Degree-Days Model. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 299-306. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.299306 The seasonal changes in the population density of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, and its relationship to cumulative degree-days was studied using a sex pheromone trap in a plastic house located in Tartous Governorate, Syria during the spring season of two successive years 2020 and 2021. The results obtained showed that the male T. absoluta activity extended from late February to the end of the season in July. The highest density for males recorded in May was 207 and 213 males/trap in both seasons, respectively. The calculation of the cumulative degree-days showed that the insect has five generations with a thermal constant that reached in the first season: 516.95, 510.24, 512.2, 563.44, 565.94 DD for each generation, respectively, and in the second season 554.52, 533.06, 557.21, 502.55, 508.22 DD for each generation, respectively, without significant differences between the two seasons (x² = 6.02, p = 0.2 and x² = 4.94, p = 0.29). However, according to the model followed, a simplified table was proposed to calculate the cumulative degree-day instead of using mathematical models, based only on the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. Keywords: Tuta absoluta, degree-days, generations, Tartous, Syria
Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis Isolates and Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Workers' Digestive System of the Termite Microcerotermes diversus Silv.
Authors:   Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq,, Kamel Shaimaa Hameed , Al-Jassani Rahdi Fadel ,   Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq,, Al-Shammari Hazem Idan ,   Integrated Pest Management Center, Agricultural Research Division, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2023

Kamel, S.H., R.F. Al-Jassani and H.A. Al-Shammari. 2022. Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis Isolates and Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Workers' Digestive System of the Termite Microcerotermes diversus Silv. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 315-324. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.315324 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different bacterial isolates of P. fluorescens and B. t. tenebrionis and silver nanoparticles on the activity of the cellulase enzyme in termites' middle digestive system and its role in glucose release by treating cellulose media with bacterial strains and nanoparticles. Ultraviolet spectroscopy results revealed that silver nanoparticles synthesized by P. fluorescens isolated from termites, commercial P. fluorescens, and local B.t. tenrbrionis had the highest absorption at 385, 324, and 324 nm wave length, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that ketons, amines, alkanes, and alcohols were among the groups that contributed to silver ions reduction, capping and stabilizing nanoparticles. The particle diameters were measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found to be on average 32.43, 63.19, and 57.62 nm. The highest concentration of liberated glucose was recorded after 24 hours, which ranged between 0.453 and 1.285 mg/ml when treated with silver nanoparticles prepared from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens bacteria and when treated with a bacterial isolate P. fluorescens, respectively. Only when treated with synthesized silver nanoparticles and when treated with commercial P. fluorescens isolates did the lowest concentrations of liberated sugar reached between 0.037 and 0.730 mg/ml after 72 hours, respectively. The high quantity of liberated sugar in the control treatment was constant, reaching 1.70 and 2.33 mg/ml after 24 and 72 hours, respectively. In addition to the variation in cellulase enzyme inhibition rates in termite digestive systems due to the effect of different treatments, it was discovered that the local isolate of B. t. tenrbrionis was better than the rest of the isolates in affecting the enzyme, causing inhibition rates of 71.42%. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles synthesized from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens outperformed other treatments in inhibiting enzyme activity, with an inhibition rate of 78.57% . Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis, silver nanoparticles, Microcerotermes diversus
Diatom-based assessment of the ecological status of the Venta River, Kuldīga
Authors:   University of Latvia, Institute of Biology, Grudzinska Ieva , Florentīne Megija ,   Riga 1st Secondary School
Published: January 2023

Pressure from land use patterns, climate change, and urbanisation on rivers is an important socio-ecological issue that requires management and biomonitoring. The  ecologi-cal status of the Venta River at Kuldīga was assessed using bioindicators, specifically diatoms, which are widely used in monitoring of streams and rivers worldwide, especially in European countries. Ecological status was defined by calculating Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index (IPS). In addition, diatom diversity was determined in the studied part of the river. A total of six sam-pling sites were selected along a 10 km stretch of the river in the territory of Kuldīga. The aver-age distance between sampling sites was 1.5 km. A total of 118 taxa were identified in all samples. The highest species diversity (67 taxa) was observed in sample 2. Individual rarefaction was calculated if exactly 500 diatom valves were counted in all samples. The lowest species diversity was observed in samples 6 (45 taxa) and 6A (17 taxa). Samples 1 and 5 were the most similar in terms of species composition. This is probably because both sites have similar physical characteristics that include sandy beaches with a slow current. The most abundant diatoms were Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow, Nitzschia fossilis (Grunow) Grunow, Navicula capitatoradiata Germain ex Gasse, Navicula antonii Lange-Bertalot, Amphora libyca Ehrenberg, and Sellaphora nigri (De Notaris) Wetzel & Ector, which are commonly found in eutrophic waters. Diatom analysis suggests that the Venta might be at risk for eutrophication. For the most abundant diatom taxa, the suscep-tibility to pollution was assessed as III (medium), but there were also diatoms with IV and V (very sensitive to pollution). This shows that the Venta River in Kuldīga overall has low levels of pollution. All study sites were rated as having ‘good’ ecological status according to the IPS index (12.4-14.1 IPS).
The role of natural dietary antioxidants in animals under oxidative stress
Authors:   University of Latvia, Institute of Biology, Vasiļjeva Svetlana , Basova Natalija , Smirnova Gaļina , Babarykin Dmitry ,   Institute of Innovative Biomedical Technology Ltd.
Published: January 2023

Among the main environmental stressors the most toxic are heavy metals including cadmium (Cd). Stress conditions caused by Cd are associated with overproduction of free radi-cals following a disturbance in prooxidant-antioxidant balance and tissue damage. The protec-tive action of nutrients with natural antioxidative activities against Cd-induced oxidative stress in chickens was investigated. The  experimental analyses demonstrated enhanced production of reactive oxidation species and immunosuppressive effect in Cd-exposed chickens. As anti-oxidant dietary supplements the salts of zinc (ZnCl2) and selenium (Na2SeO2), and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) were used in the experiments with chickens administered orally 100 mcg of Cd (water solution of CdCl2). The antioxidative effect of developed new natural innovative prod-uct from red beetroot (fractionated juice) was studied in additional experiment, when chick-ens exposed to Cd with diet (50 mg/kg). Experimental results demonstrated the  prospect  of preventive role of Zn, Se, ascorbic acid, and beetroot fractionated juice in the  improvement of Cd-induced disorders in the body in case of environmental pollution with heavy metals.
Influence of peat substrate composition on indicators of physiological vitality of cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) during the rooting period
Authors:   University of Latvia, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Āboliņa Laura , Karlsons Andis
Published: January 2023

The growing of cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus in Latvia and globally is still done in rather small areas and harvests are mainly obtained in wild stands, thus making cloudberry cultivation in Latvia a promising research field. The aim of the study was to determine the most suitable substrate composition for successful rooting of cloudberry in greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that unfertilized peat (K) was the most suitable for cloudberry rooting, as it ensured the highest survival and vitality of plants in the first year.
ANÁLISIS CUALITATIVO DE LA IMPORTANCIA SISTÉMICA PLANTEADA EN BASILEA III
Authors: Basáez Altamirano Valentina Monserrat , Pizarro Quiroz Bianca Vanessa , Garrido Araya Dominique
Published: January 2023

La crisis subprime en el año 2008, generó gran impacto en el sector bancario a nivel mundial, por lo que obligó a diversas entidades bancarias internacionales a generar normativas para el correcto funcionamiento de la industria y así resguardar a estas entidades. Como consecuencia nace Basilea III, la cual es aplicable a diversos países del mundo que conforman este Comité y a sus observadores. Con la llegada de esta normativa a Chile, surgen cambios en la Ley General de Bancos y recae en la Comisión para el Mercado Financiero regular y establecer los factores para determinar las entidades bancarias que cumplen la característica de importancia sistémica.El propósito de esta investigación es efectuar un análisis cualitativo respecto de las medidas que han tomado los bancos chilenos en cuanto a la implementación Basilea III en los años 2020 y 2021, en sus memorias anuales, en contraste con las disposiciones y criterios que debe establecer la CMF.Esta investigación es de la metodología cualitativa con alcance de sintetización, mediante un análisis documental por medio del uso del software ATLAS.ti.Los resultados de esta investigación dan cuenta comparativamente de las reestructuraciones que las entidades bancarias declaradas con importancia sistémica han tenido que realizar e informar en sus reportes anuales 2020 y 2021, debido a la incorporación de Basilea III, y los avances de la CMF en cuanto a la aplicación, interpretación y actual regulación en Chile concluyendo que los reportes son poco homogéneos, pero alcanzando la comparaciónentre entidades.
Taṭbīq al-Imlā’ al-Manẓūr bi al-Khariṭah al-Ẑihniyyah li Tarqiyyah Qudrah al-Ṭullāb fi Tarkīb al-Jumal al-Mufīdah (Dirāsah Tajrībiyyah li al-Marḥalah al-`Āliyah bi Ma`had Dār al-`Ulūm al-`Aṣrī Banda Aceh)
Authors: Isna Isna  , Azman Ismail  , Buhori Muslim
Published: January 2023

Imlak is the activity of changing sounds that can be understood into written symbols, but these letters are placed in the correct position of words, to correct the pronunciation and meaning desired. The title of this research is "The Implementation of ImlakMandhur through Mind Mapping in Increasing the Students’ Ability in Writing of Complete Sentences (The Experimental Study at Dayah Modern DarulUlum) ".There are some reasons for the researcher to conduct this research. Low motivation of students.  The students were sleepy, when the teacher taught in the class.Some of them played to each other and did not pay attention to the lesson. When the teacher instructs them to write the mufradat,, they were unable to write properly and correctly, and some errors was found in writing mufradat. As for the difficulty of students in writing Arabic mufradat, they do not master the rules and the way in connecting Arabic letters. Besides they also lack of vocabulary in writing. The problems that dealing by the students, it caused by the monotonous method. The purpose of this study is to increase the students’ ability in Arabic writing by using ImlakMandhur Method through Mind Mapping. It aims to increase the students’ ability in writing. The population was all the students at Modern Darul Ulum, namely 933 students. The sample was 30 students at class X1c as the experimental group and 30 students at X1A as control group.  The researcher used semi- experimental research design in conducting this research. Post test and observation was used to collect the data. The result was found that the implementation of ImlakMandhur by using Mind Mapping Media can increase the students’ ability in Arabic writing. In this case, the average score for the experimental group was higher than control group (87, 2 higher than 79.8). It means that the t-test was higher than (t table = 2, 04 from 5% from 1 %).
Istikhdām Kitāb al-`Arabiyyah Baina Yaday Aulādinā Bi al-Ṭarīqah al-Mubāsyarah Li Tarqiyah Qudrah al-Ṭalabah `Alā Mahārah al-Kalām (Dirāsah Ijrāiyyah bi MAN 4 Aceh Utara)
Authors: Al Fadil Muhammad  , Ahmad Fauzi
Published: January 2023

MAN 4 Aceh Utara students learn a variety of subjects, including lessons to speak Arabic (Kalam). This lesson aims to make students be able to speak Arabic properly and correctly. However, in practice, students face many problems and difficult to Arabic speak resulted in the learning outcomes that have not reached the cut score (KKM). One of the reasons is that the teacher has not applied a good method and is in accordance with the student's condition, nor is there suitable learning media in learning. Researchers assume that the direct method and Arabiyah Baina Yadai Auladina text books can improve the skills of students in speaking. Therefore, Researchers to examine the use of Arabiyah Baina Yadai Auladina text books with a direct method to increase skills Arabic speaking (Classroom Action Research in MAN 4 Aceh Utara). The purpose of research is to determine the implementation of Arabiyah Baina Yadai Auladina text books and direct methods to improve the skills of students in Arabic speaking and its effect on students and student responses to this learning. Classroom action research methods is used in this study. Researchers collected data using observations, questionnaires and tests. Student of first grade who became the subject of research with the 20 students. The results show indicate that the implementation of learning is in accordance with the plan with a percentage of 57.69% (enough) in the first cycle and increased in the second cycle to 92.3% (very good). The ability of students in Arabic speaking increases after the application of this book and method. This is evident from the average score in the first cycle is 57.75 (enough) and in the second cycle increased is 79.25 (very good). The level of improvement in students' abilities or N-GAIN 1.03 is in the high interpretation. And finally, students responses to this application was positive
Taṭwīr Kitāb “Ayo Belajar Bahasa Arab Untuk MI Kelas IV” Bi Barnāmij al-`Arūdh al-Taqdīmiyyah Bi SDIT Quantum School
Authors: Lilis Putri Sari  , Mukhlisah Mukhlisah
Published: January 2023

The development of method is research that conducted to produce the specific product. Textbook is the prominent sources to attract student’s attention. The content of the grammer in the textbook makes a students bored and lack of enthusias in Arabic lesson. Therefore then the researcher developed the textbook in the composition of the powerpoint, to support the bold reform steps in the installation. For this purpose, this research aims at learning how to develop a textbook “Ayo Belajar Bahasa Arab untuk MI kelas IV” as well to find out the effectiveness of the product from the development of this book. The approach adopted by the researcher in this research thesis is the methodology of the scientific research and development (Research & Development R & D). The data collection consist of direct observation, test and questionnaire in the fourth grade students. The Arabic book has been development with the following steps: potential and issues, data collection, production design, certivication production with the expert in teaching and learning, improvement of production, sampling of production in the sall group, improvement of production. The use of books that have been developed with powerpoint is effective to improve students understanding in learning Arabic.
Taṭwīr Kitāb al-Madrasīy Buku Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Kelas V Kurikulum 2013 Bi al-Wasāil al-Sam`iyyah al-Bashariyyah `Alā Fahm al-Qawa`id al-Nahwiyyah Bi al-Madrasah al-Ibtidāiyyah al-Islāmiyyah al-Ahliyyah Cendekia Darussalam
Authors: Rauzatun Nufus  , Buhori Muslim
Published: January 2023

Textbooks are the main media used by teachers and students in instructional process. Therefore, the qawaid nahwu learning book that are unstructured, general and not equipped with various examples, it will make students feel bored and do not understand about the qawaid nahwu. In this study, the researcher was developing an Arabic learning book for grade five in 2013 curriculum by using audio-visual media. This research was designed to find out how to develop Arabic learning books for grade five in 2013 curriculum using audio-visual media and how to determine the effectiveness of Arabic learning books for grade five in 2013 curriculum by using audio-visual media. Furthermore, the Research and Development model by Borg and Gall was conducted in this study as research method. Data collection consisted of interviews, questionnaires and tests. In addition, the participants in this study were 280 students as population, and the students in all grade five insists of 25 students were taken as sample. according to the results, the researcher found that book development has been carried out through 10 stages: Potential and problems, gathering information, product design, design validation in this the value of the first expert was 78 % and the second expert was 77 % it showed that this bool agrees to be used learning qawaid nahwiyah, design improvement, product testing, product revision, usage testing, product revision and mass product manufacturing . meanwhile, the results of the effectiveness test using the t test showed that the t count was greater than the t table, namely 4.1 based on a significance level of 5% 2.06 and 1% 2.80.
Taḥlīl al Bunūd al Ikhtibar fi Mādah al Muḥādaṡah bi Ma`had Jāmi`ah ar Rānirīy Dār al Salām
Authors: Nanda A`thani  , Moch. Fajarul Falah  , Mukhlisah Mukhlisah
Published: January 2023

Ma’had Al-Jami’ah Ar-Raniry Darussalam has many students from different departments, including the Department of Biology, Department of Physics, and the some others, the researcher noticed that most of them are able to answer questions correctly in the exercises. In fact, that book shows the  short material and many tests, and each test has a variety of items. Therefore, the researcher wanted to analyze the form of the test items. In this paper, the researcher determines whether the test items in the Conversation Subject at the Ma’had Al-Jami’ah Ar-Raniry Darussalam are appropriate in terms of level of validity, reability,  difficulty and in terms of level of discrimination. As for the purposes of scientific writing  are to find out the suitability of the test items in the Conversation Subject At The Ma’had Al - Jami’ah Ar-Raniry Darussalam in terms of the level of validity, reability,  difficulty and in terms of level of discrimination. As for the research method that the researcher used, it is the content analysis method. The population in this research is all students in SCTV’s dormitory which 183 students and the research took 22 students for sampling. In data collection researcher used documentation, that is, the test items in the Arabic Language Lessons Book for Non-Native Speakers Part One and the author is Dr. F. Abdurrahim in the Conversation Subject At The Ma’had Al-Jami’ah Ar-Raniry Darussalam. Based on the research can be obtained that the questions test which  presented by the teacher are not in accordance with the standard item test in terms of validity, reliability, level of difficulty and discrimination.
Taṭwīr Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab li al Kitāb al Mashāhib al Muṣawwar ‘alā Mahārah al Qirāah (al Baḥṡ wa al Taṭwīr bi al Madrasah al Ṡānawiyyah al Islāmiyyah al Ḥukūmiyyah 4 Banda Aceh li al Sanah al Ṡāniyah)
Authors: Intan Wahyuni  , Buhori Muslim  , Nur Chalis
Published: January 2023

Based on the observation at MTsN 4 Banda Aceh, the researcher found a problem that students were unable to find important points in the qiraah text, so it was difficult to understand the text regularly according to the storyline in the text. This is due to the denseness of the text presented in the book and also the writing that is less interesting to read, so that it makes students bored to study the contents of the text. Therefore, the researcher wants to develop this book with an illustrated companion book to help students learn Arabic with an attractive appearance. The purpose of this study was to find out the level of validation and effectiveness of the use of the Illustrated Companion Book that had been developed. This study used the R&D (Research and Development) method, and the research instruments used were direct observation, questionnaire and test. The researcher took 31 students from class VII 1 as a sample. As for the data analysis technique, the researcher used the T-Test formula from the SPSS application. The result obtained from this research is the arabic textbook development process consists of ten steps: “research and information, collecting, planning, develop preliminary form of Illustrated Companion Book, preliminary field testing, main Illustrated Companion Book revision, main field testing, operational Illustrated Companion Book revision, operational field testing, final Illustrated Companion Book revision and dissemination and implementation. And the development of an Illustrated Companion Book based on expert judgment, which is valid with a value of 93.5%. The test result showed that the use of an illustrated companion book is effective in improving students' ability to translate and understand the contents of the text on a regular basis. In a way that is based on the results of the value of Sig. 0.000 < 0.05 which indicates that (Ha) was accepted.
Taṭwīr Mawād al Qirāah Bi al Wasāil al Muta`addidah al Tafā`uliyyah (Dirāsah al Baḥṡ Wa al Taṭwīr Li al Marḥalah al Mutawassiṭah Bi Ma`had Bāb al Maghfirah Aceh Besar)
Authors: Fadhil H. Nurdin  , Ahmad Fauzi  , Badruzzaman Badruzzaman
Published: January 2023

The researcher has noticed a manifestation of the incident that most teachers from the middle school at the SMP Babul Maghfirah use traditional educational means in the process of teaching Arabic, especially for reading skill, and read and translate the material from the textbook until they need a long opportunity to repeat the reading text, and the text may read a dispute about exits The letters, and on this it is difficult for students to focus, hear and understand the contents of the reading story what the teacher read from the textbook, because many of the students are graduates of the SDN primary school and they did not learn Arabic before, as well as they still do not control the many vocabulary. Therefore, the researcher wants to do research on: Development of Reading Subject Matter Based on Interactive Multimedia (Research and Development at SMP Babul Maghfirah in Aceh Besar). The research aims to develop Reading Subject Matter Based on Interactive Multimedia and its effects on students. The research method referred to research and development used the method named ADDIE. The research population includes all students of Babul Maghfirah in Aceh Besar, 28 students from the second grade (D), 432 students in total. The researcher has conducted interviews, questionnaires, and tests as research tools. This research aims to develop interactive Multimedia that could give more positive benefits for students based on five steps;  analysis, design, development, application, and evaluation. As a result, the researcher has successfully created a new interactive Multimedia of reading subject matter. It also has received a positive score, in learning materials and in media 100% (Special). The application has effectively contributed to the development of students' reading ability based on the calculation (ttest), which is bigger than the table's results (ttable) or 7.76 > 2.05 and 2.77.
Tu canción entre tus canciones. José Agustín Goytisolo y la música
Authors: Ayala Gallardo Francisco Javier
Published: January 2023

El importante número de canciones compuestas sobre los poemas de José Agustín Goytisolo evidencia las innegables cualidades líricas de una buena parte de la producción poética de este autor, uno de los más queridos y respetados de cuantos han dado las letras españolas en la segunda mitad del siglo xx. En este libro, el profesor Francisco Javier Ayala, buen conocedor de la poética del medio siglo, aborda el análisis de las relaciones entre la música y la poesía en la obra de José Agustín Goytisolo, atendiendo tanto a los aspectos estilísticos de sus textos a la luz de las musicalizaciones como a su difusión a través de la música. En paralelo, se exploran –a partir sobre todo de epistolarios y recortes de prensa– los vínculos profesionales y de amistad que José Agustín Goytisolo mantuvo con muchos de los intérpretes y compositores que han escrito la historia de la música popular en lengua castellana durante los últimos sesenta años. Aporte fundamental en el campo de los estudios interdisciplinares entre música y poesía «por su sólida fundamentación teórica y enorme valor documental», Tu canción entre sus canciones. José Agustín Goytisolo y la música fue la obra ganadora del VII Premio Internacional de Investigación Literaria «Ángel González» que otorga la Cátedra Ángel González de la Universidad de Oviedo.
Empresa Jurídica e Empresa Econômica e a Sistematização Jurídica das Situações de Empresa na Realidade Brasileira
Authors: Karam Marco Antonio
Published: January 2023

O artigo examina a distinção entre os conceitos de empresa para o direito e de empresa para a economia e o inadequado transplante do conceito de empresa econômica da realidade americana para a realidade brasileira, com a finalidade de evidenciar a dissociação existente com a proposta do conceito econômico de empresa transplantado da realidade americana. A esse pretexto, o artigo propõe modelo de sistematização das relações jurídico-econômicas polarizadas pela empresa.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito de empresa. Teoria da empresa. Atividade econômica. Mercado. Direito e economia.
Limites de Atuação do poder Público no Estado Democrático de Direito
Authors: Abel Henrique
Published: January 2023

A crítica à discricionariedade judicial tem sido uma cons­tante na Teoria do Direito nas últimas décadas, inserida no contexto histórico do chamando "pós-positivismo". No entanto, a recente emer­gência do fenômeno político do neopopulismo, no Brasil e por todo o ocidente democrático, estabelece uma nova realidade na dinâmica das relações institucionais e dos limites entre Direito e política. Neste ce­nário, se faz urgente repensar o aspecto da discricionariedade para além das críticas tradicionais, buscando novas perspectivas a respeito dos limites da discricionariedade administrativa e a vinculação her­menêutica e epistemológica dos sentidos das normas constitucionais com padrões prévios (lógico-linguísticos e científicos) de racionali­dade.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Populismo. Discricionariedade. Administra­ção pública. Estado Democrático de Direito.
A Dicotomia Direito Natural vs. Direito Positivo na Perspectiva da Crítica Marxista do Direito
Authors: Biondi Pablo
Published: January 2023

Este artigo lida com a clássica dicotomia que opõe direito natural e direito positivo, adotando como objetivos tanto apresentar os termos contemporâneos desse debate como sustentar uma crítica marxista do jusnaturalismo e do positivismo jurídico. Apesar do contraste entre essas duas teorias, ambas abstraem as relações materiais que conferem historicidade ao direito enquanto categoria que não pode ser reduzida a noções genéricas de bem humano ou de autoridade. A perspectiva do sujeito de direito que é destacada por Pachukanis oferece uma demonstração de que o direito consiste na forma historicamente determinada que as relações sociais adquirem numa sociedade baseada na produção generalizada de mercadorias. O centro da análise é a conexão necessária entre a forma jurídica e a forma mercadoria, considerando que ambas só podem alcançar seu pleno desenvolvimento no capitalismo. Essa abordagem evita embaraços conceituais como a idealização de valores básicos do direito que pretendem anteceder a singularidade das relações materiais, ou como a compreensão das categorias jurídicas como mera criação volitiva do Estado.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Direito natural. Direito positivo. Forma jurídica. Pachukanis.
A Ação Popular no Direito Comparado
Authors: Espada Ivete Mafundza
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo, analisamos a figura de ação popular no Ordenamento Jurídico Moçambicano. Constitucionalmente previsto, o regime jurídico da figura da ação popular no ordenamento de Moçambique levanta questionamentos dignos de análise, porquanto sendo um mecanismo crucial para a materialização dos direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos, a ação popular em Moçambique não clarifica, por exemplo, questões como quem tem legitimidade ativa e passiva; qual o objeto tutelado; e que espécies de ação podem ser intentadas, como acontece, por exemplo, em Portugal, nas situações em que a ação popular pode ser individual (de autoria singular ou plúrima) ou coletiva (cuja legitimidade é conferida às associações e fundações defensoras da saúde pública, do ambiente, da qualidade de vida). Por outro lado, não são claros, no ordenamento de Moçambique, os cenários em que para titularidade do direito de ação popular devem ou não, os sujeitos ativos, comprovar o gozo de seus direitos civis e políticos, e se tal direito é extensivo às associações e fundações, ou ainda se a ação popular é vista como um verdadeiro direito fundamental que abarca a tutela e defesa da moralidade administrativa, do meio ambiente e do património histórico e cultural, sendo, por isso, com o corolário de ser uma garantia de nível constitucional, que, sob a forma de ação civil, a sua tutela é requerida através de processo contencioso especial, com partes ativas e passivas, a ser decidido pelo órgão jurisdicional, como acontece no Brasil. Entretanto, o certo é que em Moçambique a ação popular é sempre uma ação judicial e, neste sentido, a expressão do direito fundamental de acesso aos tribunais, e distingue-se de todas as demais modalidades de ações pela amplitude do objeto e dos critérios determinativos da legitimidade para a respetiva propositura. Para fazer a análise, recorremos à revisão bibliográfica, e a conclusão a que chegamos é que, há várias diferenças entre os três regimes analisados, cujo estudo mútuo pode permitir a melhoria dos diversos sistemas jurídicos analisados e do Moçambicano, em particular.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ação popular. Ordenamento Jurídico. Moçambique. Brasil. Portugal.
Left Out in The Cold?
Authors: Del Negro Barroso Freitas Guilherme , Lima Lucas Carlos , Veloso Caetano Soares Rodolfo
Published: January 2023

International Law and the Cold War is an invitation to study some of the forgotten discourses related to this period, many times unfairly associated with the idea of decay. The historical experience is often summarized with the assertion that “the Cold War period saw a decline in the commitment to international adjudication”. An examination of the judicial practice in the period is carried out, namely arbitration and decisions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). We shall also briefly scrutinize the appearance of jurisdictional clauses in international treaties signed between 1947 and 1990. The second part of the article presents a specific instance of judicial settlement of disputes, outlining the American Treaty for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes and the fundamental choices of the “Pact of Bogota” in relation to judicial settlement.  In the third part, we zoom in on some ideas regarding international adjudication in Latin America and on the writings of some Brazilian authors – such as Haroldo Valladão – to demonstrate their perception of the phenomenon. The present analysis proves that the judicial settlement of international disputes did not depend on the collapse of the Soviet Union for coming into operation. Interstate arbitrations were very much present during the Cold War years. Jurisdictional clauses remained in vogue, a great number of treaties still being adopted that referred their disputes to the International Court of Justice. The Pact of Bogota was a groundbreaking initiative to support the jurisdiction of an international court through collective recognition, consolidating regional practice on compulsory adjudication.

KEYWORDS: Cold War; settlement of disputes; interstate arbitration; International Court of Justice; Pact of Bogota.
One Cuba is Enough
Authors: Ramos Barros Patrícia , Dalledone Machado Filho Roberto
Published: January 2023

Despite the contribution of new streams in international law scholarship, the decades of the Cold War remain underexplored in Latin American current historiography. Removing the geopolitical conflict from the centrality of historiographic analysis, the present article aims to understand the operation of international law in the Cold War through Latin American regional dynamics. Through the reading of the articles on “collective security” published in some international law journals during the period of the Cold War (American Journal of International Law and the Mexican Foro Internacional), this article recounts the history of the jurisdictional conflict between regional and universal organizations. It demonstrates that the history of collective security in the hemisphere begins as experiment in formalization of the long and distinct American tradition in international law.  The defense of this tradition served as a basis to formalize or legalize the projection of US power in the Americas. Latin Americans responded to this push first by endorsing the creation of a regional organization and a collective security arrangement, later by using law as a strategy to advance their position. However, as collective security increasingly became a justification for violations of the UN Charter, solidarity among American republics faded and cooperation, despite a regional treaty, became virtually impossible. The regional agreement thus proved to be both an enabler and an obstacle for this strategy. Thus, we conclude that the history of the International Law in Latin American during the Cold War was also the history of the demise of American International Law.

KEYWORDS: Cold War. Latin America; International Law; Collective Security.
Crime Instantâneo e Crime Permanente
Authors: Lima Scalcon Raquel , Longobardi Campana Felipe
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo busca analisar os principais critérios apresentados para distinguir os crimes instantâneos dos crimes permanentes para verificar se há um possível equívoco na premissa de partir da distinção calcada no desvalor do resultado. Na sequência, busca-se propor o esboço de um critério de distinção baseado no desvalor da conduta, porque reduz consideravelmente a utilização da categoria dos crimes permanentes e justifica legitimamente suas consequências jurídicas.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Crimes permanentes. Crimes instantâneos. Critérios de distinção. Desvalor da conduta.
O Juiz Francês e seus Valores Sob o Olhar Cinematográfico
Authors: Flores-Lonjou Magali , Thirion Nicolas
Published: January 2023

Em uma sociedade abandonada pela moralidade e pela religião, o juiz é regularmente conduzido a decidir sobre questões políticas e sociais que convidam à reflexão a respeito da ficção jurídica de sua neutralidade axiológica. De fato, a este juiz dito "boca da lei", requer-se que tome partido, mesmo que seja sob o pretexto de uma retórica aparentemente neutra – aquela do Direito. Como conciliar a figura abstrata do juiz – a de um terceiro imparcial, situado acima da lide – e sua encarnação em um ser de carne e osso, permeado por suas paixões, seus preconceitos e sua visão do mundo? Algumas análises, exteriores à doutrina jurídica, tentaram apreender as complexas relações entre o mito da imparcialidade e a realidade da relação do juiz com os valores (sociologia do direito e da justiça, teorias do direito reputadas realistas). No entanto, para além destes eruditos, o cinema também explorou, por seus próprios meios, a questão da articulação entre a missão do juiz, suas opiniões pessoais, possivelmente elucidadas pelo contexto social, e os conflitos de valores com os quais é confrontado nas salas de audiência, em uma série de filmes com juízes e promotores franceses.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Magistrado. Neutralidade axiológica/ Valores. Realismo jurídico. Direito e cinema. Juiz. Promotor. Ética judicial. Conflitos de valores.