bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond height and weight: a programme of school nurse assessed skinfold measurements from white British and South Asian origin children aged 4–5 years within the Born in Bradford cohort study
Authors: West Jane , Santorelli Gillian , Lennon Laura , O'Connell Kathy , Corkett John , Wright John , Brierley Shirley , Whincup Peter , Cameron Noel , Lawlor Debbie A
Published: November 2015

Objective

To describe the feasibility, reliability and additional information gained from collecting additional body fatness measures (beyond height and weight) from UK reception year children.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Bradford, UK.

Participants

2458 reception year children participating in the Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort study.

Main outcome measures

The feasibility and reliability of subscapular and triceps skinfold measurements and differences in adiposity between ethnic groups.

Results

Of those children who were matched to their school, 91% had a subscapular skinfold measurement and 92% had a triceps skinfold measurement recorded. Reliability was generally over 90% for all measurers and both measurements. Pakistani children were slightly taller but weighed less and had lower triceps skinfold thickness (mean difference −1.8 mm, 95% CI −2.1 to −1.4 mm) but higher subscapular (mean difference 0.1 mm, 95% CI −0.1 to 0.4 mm) than white British children.

Conclusions

We have shown that it is feasible for school nurses to collect skinfold measurements in a similar way to the height and weight measurements collected from reception year children for the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP), and that these measurements are reliable. It is important for healthcare practice to acknowledge ethnic-specific risk and these additional measurements can provide important information to examine population-level risk in populations with large proportions of South Asian children.
Where children and adolescents drown in Queensland: a population-based study
Authors: Wallis Belinda A , Watt Kerrianne , Franklin Richard C , Nixon James W , Kimble Roy M
Published: November 2015

Objective

This retrospective population-based study examined drowning location by the site of immersion for both fatal and non-fatal drowning events in Queensland. Drowning location is not routinely collected, and this study used data linkage to identify drowning sites. The resulting enhanced quality data quantify drowning incidence for specific locations by geographic region, age group and by severity for the first time.

Design

Linked data were accessed from the continuum of care (prehospital, emergency, hospital admission and death data) on fatal and non-fatal drowning episodes in children aged 0–19 years in Queensland for the years 2002–2008 inclusive.

Results

Drowning locations ranked in order of overall incidence were pools, inland water, coastal water, baths and other man-made water hazards. Swimming pools produced the highest incidence rates (7.31/100 000) for overall drowning events and were more often privately owned pools and in affluent neighbourhoods. Toddlers 0–4 years were most at risk around pools (23.94/100 000), and static water bodies such as dams and buckets—the fatality ratios were highest at these 2 locations for this age group. Children 5–14 years incurred the lowest incidence rates regardless of drowning location. Adolescents 15–19 years were more frequently involved in a drowning incident on the coast shoreline, followed by inland dynamic water bodies.

Conclusions

Linked data have resulted in the most comprehensive data collection on drowning location and severity to date for children in the state of Queensland. Most mortality and morbidity could have been prevented by improving water safety through engaged supervision around pools and bath time, and a heightened awareness of buckets and man-made water hazards around the farm home for young children. These data provide a different approach to inform prevention strategies.
Effects of placebos without deception compared with no treatment: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Petkovic Grace , Charlesworth James E G , Kelley John , Miller Franklin , Roberts Nia , Howick Jeremy
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Placebos have long provided a robust control for evaluating active pharmacological preparations, but frequently demonstrate a variable therapeutic effect when delivered in double-blinded placebo-controlled trials. Delivery of placebos as treatment alone has been considered unethical, as it has been thought that deception is essential for their effect. However, recent evidence suggests that clinical benefit can be derived from placebos delivered without deception (unblinded/open-label) manner. Here, we present a protocol for the first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of the effects of non-deceptive placebos compared with no treatment.

Methods and analysis

This protocol will compare the effect of placebos delivered non-deceptively to no treatment. It will also assess the methods of delivery used for non-deceptive placebos. Studies will be sought through relevant database searches and will include those within disease settings and those among healthy controls. To be included, trials must include both non-deceptive (open-label) placebo and no treatment groups. All data extraction and analysis will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The analysis will evaluate any differences in outcome measures between the non-deceptive placebo and no treatment groups. Outcome measures will be the clinically-relevant outcomes detailed in the primary papers. The delivery methods, such as verbal instructions, which may provide positive expectations and outcomes, of non-deceptive placebos will also be assessed. Each study will be comprehensively assessed for bias. Subgroup analyses will identify any discrepancies among heterogeneous data.

Ethics and dissemination

This review does not require ethical approval. The completed review will be widely disseminated by publication and social media where appropriate. This protocol has been registered on PROSPERO (2015:CRD42015023347).
A comparative study of the morphology of mammalian chordae tendineae of the mitral and tricuspid valves
Authors: Hutchison Jennifer , Rea Paul
Published: November 2015

It is assumed that the human heart is almost identical to domestic mammalian species, but with limited literature to support this. One such area that has been underinvestigated is that of the subvalvular apparatus level. The authors set out to examine the morphology of the subvalvular apparatus of the mammalian atrioventricular valves through gross dissection and microscopic analysis in a small‐scale pilot study. The authors examined the chordae tendineae of the mitral and tricuspid valves in sheep, pig and bovine hearts, comparing the numbers of each of these structures within and between species. It was found that the number of chordae was up to twice as many for the tricuspid valve compared with the mitral valve. The counts for the chordae on the three valve leaflets of the tricuspid valve, as well as the two mitral valve leaflets, were almost identical between species. However, the chordae attaching onto the posterior papillary muscle were almost double compared with the septal and anterior papillary muscles. Histological analysis demonstrated an abrupt transitional zone. In conclusion, the authors have shown that there is no gross morphological difference between, or within, these species at the subvalvular apparatus level.
Estimating cohesive sediment erosion and deposition rates in wide rivers
Authors: Kimiaghalam Navid , Goharrokhi Masoud , Clark Shawn P.
Published: November 2015

Sediment erosion and deposition rates are two of the most important factors that influence fluvial geomorphology. Several experimental devices have been constructed to estimate cohesive sediment erosion rate. However, estimated erosion rates may not be reliable for large rivers due to limited soil sampling and a high dependency of cohesive sediment behaviour on several physical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the sediment and eroding fluid. A new methodology has been developed to estimate the erosion and deposition rate of wide rivers using in situ measurements. To test this methodology, an acoustic Doppler current profiler was used to collect bathymetry and velocity profiles over a study area along the Red River in Winnipeg, Canada. Sediment concentration profiles along an 8.5 km reach of the river were measured several times under different flow conditions. Finally, an advection–dispersion equation was numerically solved using measured and calculated streamwise dispersion coefficients, flow and channel characteristics to calculate net erosion and deposition over the study area. Moreover, an exponential relationship was obtained between the river discharge and longitudinal dispersion coefficient for the Red River.
Phenolic compounds in Scots pine heartwood: are kelo trees a unique woody substrate?
Authors: Venugopal Parvathy , Julkunen-Tiitto Riitta , Junninen Kaisa , Kouki Jari
Published: November 2015

Deadwood quality can be a highly significant factor in determining the occurrence of deadwood-dependent organisms such as saproxylic fungi. Rare deadwood substrates that are produced only after a lengthy senescence such as kelo trees may have unique deadwood qualities. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we compared the phenolic composition of six types of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) substrates: living mature trees with no fungal sporocarps, living mature trees with Phellinus pini sporocarps, fallen non-kelo trees, soon-to-be kelo (standing), standing kelo, and fallen kelo. The fungal-infected living trees and fallen kelos were found to have more similarities in their phenolic composition when compared with the living and fallen trees and the standing kelos, which gets further pronounced with increasing decay. The results also highlight the uniqueness of the fungal-infected living trees and the fallen kelos and illustrate a possible correlation between fungal infection and the heartwood phenolic composition of Scots pine. However, it remains unclear to what extent the differences in phenolic compositions are caused by fungal infection and fungal decomposition. We also observed a previously undocumented correlation between the phenolic groups and fire scars on the trunks of the trees. The variation in substrate quality warrants further consideration when deadwood restoration activities are planned, as the quality of the deadwood could be as equally important as the quantity.
The optical dielectric model of Cu2O thin film and its verification
Authors: Lai Guo-Zhong , Liang Xiong , Lv Jing
Published: November 2015

The transmittance and reflectance of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin film deposited on quartz substrate were measured by a spectrophotometer. Use the optical dielectric model combining the Forouhi–Bloomer model with modified Drude model (FBM+MDM), the optical constants, as well as the thickness of Cu2O film were attained from its measured transmittance data. Moreover, by means of the TFCalc software, the reflectance and transmittance were calculated conversely from the optical constants (n, k) and the thickness of the Cu2O film. It was found that the calculated reflectance and transmittance were in good agreement with the measured ones. So the optical dielectric model, namely FBM+MDM, is suitable for Cu2O thin film.
OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF CONDYLAR PROSTHESIS IN LARGE HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASM RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: HUANG JEHN-SHYUN , CHEN WEN-HUI , LIU PAO-HSIN , HUANG TZE-TA , HSIAO JENN-REN , HO CHEIN-LIANG
Published: November 2015

Reconstruction of the condyle after an ablative procedure for mouth neoplasms remains a surgical challenge because these patients with advanced cancer involving the condyle are subjected to massive ablative surgery, and subsequent major reconstruction with free flap and/or reconstruction prosthesis, the prognosis being poor. Therefore, reports of condylar prosthesis in head and neck cancer reconstruction are rare and with mixed results. This report is for the review of the literature and case series study of the condylar prosthesis. As with virtual technique improvement nowadays, an innovation CAD CAM technique is applied for the treatment plan for these patients. We analyze a serial case of advanced oral neoplasms who receives tumor ablation, i.e., mandibulectomy and disarticular resection, and gains symmetrical mandibular architecture after reconstruction with plate and condylar prosthesis. There is still high complication rate (41.7%) noted, namely condylar prosthesis displacement (two cases), impinge on external ear canal (two cases), and erosion of cranial base (one case). The reasons are attributed to massive flap burden, scar contraction, poor dental articulation, and possible technique error during the operation. According to the outcome analysis, virtual technique including with reconstruction plate and condylar prosthesis in conjunction with flap reconstruction are feasible treatment modality for this serial case of advanced oral neoplasms.
Toward Wisdom: A Hierarchical Wisdom Ontology based on Chinese Classics
Authors: Liu Feng
Published: November 2015

Based on extensive exploration in Chinese classics, this paper finds a fresh new perspective for KM philosophy especially in pyramid issue: The primary role in knowledge ontology should be consciousness rather than IT aspects, in which the former determines the perceived results such as data, information, knowledge or wisdom. With this domination, this paper presents a novel hierarchy that best solves the quarrel in classic pyramid, and illustrates the crucial issue of wisdom — the finding of a continuous birth and death metabolic cyclic nature called anitya in knowledge. Further, a three layer wisdom hierarchy is suggested based on different levels of understandings: traditional layer, dialect layer and ultimate layer. This paper argues that wisdom should depend on internal concentration while IT serves as an exterior role and never replaces the inner one. Meanwhile, the paper also doubts the classic definition of knowledge and suggests a novel one.
Unobstructed symplectic packing for tori and hyper-Kähler manifolds
Authors: Entov Michael , Verbitsky Misha
Published: November 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be a closed symplectic manifold of volume [Formula: see text]. We say that the symplectic packings of [Formula: see text] by balls are unobstructed if any collection of disjoint symplectic balls (of possibly different radii) of total volume less than [Formula: see text] admits a symplectic embedding to [Formula: see text]. In 1994, McDuff and Polterovich proved that symplectic packings of Kähler manifolds by balls can be characterized in terms of the Kähler cones of their blow-ups. When [Formula: see text] is a Kähler manifold which is not a union of its proper subvarieties (such a manifold is called Campana simple), these Kähler cones can be described explicitly using the Demailly and Paun structure theorem. We prove that for any Campana simple Kähler manifold, as well as for any manifold which is a limit of Campana simple manifolds in a smooth deformation, the symplectic packings by balls are unobstructed. This is used to show that the symplectic packings by balls of all even-dimensional tori equipped with Kähler symplectic forms and of all hyper-Kähler manifolds of maximal holonomy are unobstructed. This generalizes a previous result by Latschev–McDuff–Schlenk. We also consider symplectic packings by other shapes and show, using Ratner’s orbit closure theorem, that any even-dimensional torus equipped with a Kähler form whose cohomology class is not proportional to a rational one admits a full symplectic packing by any number of equal polydisks (and, in particular, by any number of equal cubes).
Sound Classification and Call Discrimination Are Decoded in Order as Revealed by Event-Related Potential Components in Frogs
Authors: Fang Guangzhan , Yang Ping , Xue Fei , Cui Jianguo , Brauth Steven E. , Tang Yezhong
Published: November 2015

Species that use communication sounds to coordinate social and reproductive behavior must be able to distinguish vocalizations from nonvocal sounds as well as to identify individual vocalization types. In this study we sought to identify the neural localization of the processes involved and the temporal order in which they occur in an anuran species, the music frog Babina daunchina. To do this we measured telencephalic and mesencephalic event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by synthesized white noise (WN), highly sexually attractive (HSA) calls produced by males from inside nests and male calls of low sexual attractiveness (LSA) produced outside of nests. Each stimulus possessed similar temporal structures. The results showed the following: (1) the amplitudes of the first negative ERP component (N1) at ∼100 ms differed significantly between WN and conspecific calls but not between HSA and LSA calls, indicating that discrimination between conspecific calls and nonvocal sounds occurs in ∼100 ms, (2) the amplitudes of the second positive ERP component (P2) at ∼200 ms in the difference waves between HSA calls and WN were significantly higher than between LSA calls and WN in the right telencephalon, implying that call characteristic identification occurs in ∼200 ms and (3) WN evoked a larger third positive ERP component (P3) at ∼300 ms than conspecific calls, suggesting the frogs had classified the conspecific calls into one category and perceived WN as novel. Thus, both the detection of sounds and the identification of call characteristics are accomplished quickly in a specific temporal order, as reflected by ERP components. In addition, the most dynamic ERP patterns appeared in the left mesencephalon and the right telencephalon, indicating the two brain regions might play key roles in anuran vocal communication.
A Comparison of the Hot Spot and the Average Cancer Cell Counting Methods and the Optimal Cutoff Point of the Ki-67 Index for Luminal Type Breast Cancer
Authors: Arima Nobuyuki , Nishimura Reiki , Osako Tomofumi , Nishiyama Yasuyuki , Fujisue Mamiko , Okumura Yasuhiro , Nakano Masahiro , Tashima Rumiko , Toyozumi Yasuo
Published: November 2015

Objective: In this case-control study, we investigated the most suitable cell counting area and the optimal cutoff point of the Ki-67 index. Methods: Thirty recurrent cases were selected among hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients. As controls, 90 nonrecurrent cases were randomly selected by allotting 3 controls to each recurrent case based on the following criteria: age, nodal status, tumor size, and adjuvant endocrine therapy alone. Both the hot spot and the average area of the tumor were evaluated on a Ki-67 immunostaining slide. Results: The median Ki-67 index value at the hot spot and average area were 25.0 and 14.5%, respectively. Irrespective of the area counted, the Ki-67 index value was significantly higher in all of the recurrent cases (p < 0.0001). The multivariate analysis revealed that the Ki-67 index value of 20% at the hot spot was the most suitable cutoff point for predicting recurrence. Moreover, higher ΔKi-67 index value (the difference between the hot spot and the average area, ≥10%) and lower progesterone receptor expression (<20%) were significantly correlated with recurrence. Conclusion: A higher Ki-67 index value at the hot spot strongly correlated with recurrence, and the optimal cutoff point was found to be 20%.
Is It Time to Update How Suspected Angina Is Evaluated prior to the Use of Specialized Tests? Implications Based on a Systematic Review
Authors: Tashakkor A. Yashar , Stone James , Mancini G.B. John
Published: November 2015

Objectives: Appropriate use of specialized tests to assess chest pain is based classically on minimal information such as age, gender and the patient's description of pain. This approach has not been reevaluated in decades. We examined the relationship between history, examination and routine laboratory tests to identify factors warranting prospective validation as predictors of underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Studies linking obstructive CAD (≥50% diameter stenosis of at least one vessel by invasive angiography or cardiac computed tomographic angiography) and elements of history, examination and laboratory tests were identified. Results: Forty-one prospectively identified papers were analyzed. Advanced age, gender and chest pain descriptors were extremely important, although the last was less so in women, in whom the presence of risk factors may be more important. Physical examination and chest X-ray were largely noncontributory. Laboratory tests were of variable utility other than to identify risk factors not already known from the history. However, biomarkers such as troponin, brain natriuretic factor and inflammatory markers were promising. The electrocardiogram was mainly important for the identification of ST-T abnormalities. Conclusions: This review identifies the most promising factors warranting prospective validation for improving the pretest probability estimation of CAD, so appropriate use criteria for the utilization of specialized diagnostic tests can be updated and improved.
Effect of Canavalia gladiata Extract Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice
Authors: Kim Ok-Kyung , Chang Jee-Yun , Nam Da-Eun , Park Yoo Kyoung , Jun Woojin , Lee Jeongmin
Published: November 2015

Canavalia gladiata has been used as a Chinese traditional folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the use of C. gladiata is limited because it contains antinutritional and allergy-causing proteins. We fermented C. gladiata with Aspergillus oryzae and investigated the effects of fermented C. gladiata (FCG) on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice. The mice were divided into five groups: untreated Balb/c mice; AD control (NC/Nga mice); FCGH (NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg fermented C. gladiata water extract); FCG30 (NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg of fermented C. gladiata 30% ethanol extract), and FCG80 (NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg of fermented C. gladiata 80% ethanol extract). We found increases in the nonessential amino acids and essential amino acid in the FCG compared with the non-FCG. FCG attenuated macroscopic and histopathological changes in dorsal skin of mice when compared with the AD control group. The FCG30 and FCG80 groups, in particular, showed significant decreases in scratching episodes when compared with the AD control group. FCG improved immune responses, including increases in IgE and histamine for AD, through attenuation of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We suggest that FCG may have benefits for improvement of AD function by improving the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines and by producing anti-inflammatory effects.
An Unusual Case of Multiple Tendinous Xanthomas Involving the Extremities and the Ears
Authors: Bermudez Eduardo B. , Storey Leslie , Mayo Sheila , Simpson Gregory
Published: November 2015

Tendinous and subcutaneous xanthomas are nodular deposits of lipid-filled macrophages, which commonly form on the Achilles tendon, hands, feet, elbows, and knees. These nodules are frequently associated with familial hyperlipidemia, a group of diseases involving impaired cholesterol metabolism, and the accelerated development of atherosclerotic plaques. Since xanthomas may precede the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, early identification can lead to preventative treatment that reduces the risk and morbidity of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction. This case report presents a 43-year-old African-American male with multiple xanthomas involving the Achilles tendon, soles, hands, knees, elbows, and is associated with the unusual involvement of the ear.
TGFβ-Induced Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangement in Podocytes Is Associated with Compensatory Adaptation of Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism
Authors: Casalena Gabriella , Bottinger Erwin , Daehn Ilse
Published: November 2015

Background/Aims: In podocytes, the overexpression of TGFβ ligands and receptors during glomerulosclerosis could be a causal factor for injury induction and perpetuation in glomerular tufts. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are emerging as potential therapeutic targets in glomerular injury, and TGFβ has been shown to modulate mitochondrial metabolism in different cell types. This study aims at investigating the role of TGFβ in podocyte energy metabolism and cytoskeleton dynamics. Methods: Mitochondrial function and cytoskeleton dynamics were analyzed in TGFβ-treated WT and Smad2/3 double KO podocytes. Results: TGFβ treatment in podocytes induced a significant Smad-dependent increase of mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR). ATP content was unchanged and increased respiration was not associated with increased mitochondrial mass. Increased cellular reactive oxygen species induced by Smad-mediated TGFβ signaling were reverted by NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. TGFβ treatment did not induce mitochondrial oxidative stress, and Smad2/3-dependent TGFβ signaling and increased mitochondrial OCR were found to be associated with actin cytoskeleton dynamics. The role of motor proteins myosin II and dynamin in TGFβ-induced actin polymerization was demonstrated by specific inhibition, resulting in actin stabilization and normalization of mitochondrial OCR. Conclusion: TGFβ-induced rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton are controlled by Smad2/3 signaling pathways and coupled with the activation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis as bioenergetic adaptation to ATP consumption by ATP- and GTP-dependent motor proteins, myosin II and dynamin.
Go and Observe the Sower: Seeing Empirical Theology at Work
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Village Andrew
Published: November 2015

This study explored and operationalised two theological constructs, one concerning the nature of being human (rooted in a theology of individual differences) and one concerning the nature of the church (rooted in ecclesiology). These two operationalised constructs were tested among a sample of 1,418 Anglican clergy resident in England to account for variance in three measures on which there was considerable variability among such clergy (after controlling for sex and age): traditional moral belief, traditional religious belief, and traditional worship. The data demonstrated that both theological constructs (concerning the nature of being human and concerning the nature of the church) explained significant variance in all three measures. The implications of these findings were discussed for ways in which diversity in belief is embraced or rejected within the Anglican Church.
A Comparison of Pentecostals in Hong Kong, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur: Culture and Belief
Authors: Kay William K.
Published: November 2015

Using empirical and quantitative methods Pentecostal ministers are compared in the three locations of Hong Kong, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. After providing an account of the historical backgrounds of Pentecostal churches in these locations, similarities and differences in the samples may be attributed to environmental or cultural effects. The paper concludes that there is evidence that cultural differences affect the views of respondents in a variety of measurable ways including in their opinion of ecumenical cooperation and in their attitudes to the poor or disadvantaged.
Nexus and Imbroglio: ccamlr, the Madrid Protocol and Designating Antarctic Marine Protected Areas in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Cordonnery Laurence , Hemmings Alan D. , Kriwoken Lorne
Published: November 2015

The paper examines the process and context of international efforts to designate Marine Protected Areas (mpas) in the Southern Ocean. The relationship between the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (camlr Convention) and the Madrid Protocol is examined in relation to legal, political and administrative norms and practices. A contextual overview of the Antarctic mpa system is considered, followed by an analysis of the overlapping competencies of the camlr Commission (ccamlr) and the Madrid Protocol. The Antarctic mpa debate is placed in a wider international legal context of the management of global oceans space in areas beyond national jurisdiction. We provide an analysis of the politico-legal discourse and point to complicating factors within, and external to, the Antarctic system. The concluding section suggests options for breathing new life into the Southern Ocean mpa discourse.
Flights of Shame or Dignified Return? Return Flights and Post-return Monitoring
Authors: Pirjola Jari
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this article is to discuss return flights in the context of international human rights standards. What are the standards that have so far been developed by international organisations and the international monitoring bodies and how these standards have been applied in practice during return flights? Besides evolving standards, the paper discusses unclarities that need to be addressed to increase the human rights compliancy of return flights. The article also address the major shortcoming in the monitoring of the process of returning migrants and rejected asylum seekers to their home countries, namely post-return monitoring. It is argued that new opportunities that modern technology offers have not been exploited to increase the international protection of returning migrants. Post-return monitoring could increase the transparency, dignity and human rights compliance of return operations. The views expressed in this article are solely those of the author.
Cross-Sector Cooperation and Social Collegiality during the Era of New Field in China
Authors: Chao Wang , Li Yong
Published: November 2015

China has entered into a new development era, an era of “China+.” During this era, both domestic and international social fields have been changed fundamentally, coupled with critical challenges as well as opportunities. From the standpoint of field theory, China will have to maintain its autonomy in the international field, while within its own domestic field, to realize its paradigm shift in its tri-sector field to exercise cross-sector cooperation, to upgrade its governance, leadership and management, and to pursue social collegiality under the 3.0 mind-set.
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Cucurbitaceae tribe Benincaseae urge for merging of Pilogyne with Zehneria
Authors: De Boer Hugo J. , Cross Hugh B , De Wilde Willem J.J.O. , Duyfjes-de Wilde Brigitta E.E. , Gravendeel Barbara
Published: November 2015

The tropical cucurbitaceous genus Zehneria as traditionally circumscribed displays much morphological diversity. Recent taxonomic revisions have resulted in its redefinition through both recognition and subsequent lumping of several additional genera. This study utilized plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny of Zehneria and its close relatives in order to test whether these revisions reflected the molecular evolution in this group. The results suggest that Neoachmandra is monophyletic, and that Zehneria in a restricted sense and Neoachmandra accessions form a single monophyletic clade, whereas Pilogyne in its present understanding is polyphyletic. In the light of these results Pilogyne should be merged back into Zehneria from which it was split off earlier.
The Surgical Approach to Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Nixon Iain J.
Published: November 2015

The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing rapidly. A large percentage of new cases identified fall into a low-risk category. As the incidence has increased, clinical experience has confirmed that the majority of patients will have excellent outcomes and that those at risk of doing badly can be reliably identified. Treatment for thyroid cancer is predominantly surgical. The decision about how aggressively this disease should be managed has remained controversial due to the excellent outcomes irrespective of the nature of surgical procedure chosen. This article reviews the developments in our understanding of the biology of thyroid cancer and the evidence that supports the approach to management.
PUBLIC COUNCIL HOW TO FORM INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE HUMANITARIAN SPHERE MUNICIPAL COMMUNITY
Authors: Агапов  , Agapov Oleg
Published: November 2015

The article describes the activities of the Public Council of Nizhnekamsk Municipal District of Tatarstan within the socio-philosophical concept of Berger and H. Luk-man. Highlighted four ways the constitution and construction of social reality: habitualization, typing, institutionalization and legitimization. Public Council of the municipal district is positioned as a tool for the formation of civil society institu-tions and the "marketplace" of growth of civic consciousness.
CORRUPTION AS A PHENOMENON IN THE NEGATIVE STATE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Василева  , Vasileva Neli
Published: November 2015

The issue of combating corruption is particularly relevant today, because a large scale, corruption undermines the very statehood Bolg-Rhee, casts doubt on the relations with other countries in a globalized world and in the end, it affects the personal life and activity of every citizens Nina. Corruption distorts market mecha-nisms, creates social tensions and slows economic growth. Unclear rules-udarstvennye unstable state institutions and the worsening social morality further reinforces the negative effects of corruption. Therefore, the study of the manifestations of corruption in public administration issue, which is on the agenda in front of a number of researchers and specialists in this field.
LEGAL REGULATE THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NONGOVERNMENTAL SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
Authors: Караджова  , Karadzhova Milena
Published: November 2015

The article presents the results of the analysis of legal acts regulating the activities of non-profit organizations in Bulgaria. Isolate and characterize the types of non-profit organizations. Identified by a form of civic participation, typical only for Bulgaria - chitalishta. Spend a periodization of development of civil society in Bulgaria. The role of non-governmental sector in the market of public procurement in Bulgaria.
ANTI-CORRUPTION IN THE STATE CIVIL SERVICE IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: Малик  , Malik I.
Published: November 2015

In article the author considers problems of implementation of counteraction of corruption in system of the public civil service in modern Russian society. The main directions of the Russian anti-corruption policy in public authorities are analyzed and estimated. Effective mechanisms according to the prevention and counteraction of corruption in system of the public civil service are revealed. The author made an attempt of updating of increase of efficiency of measures for fight against corruption on the public civil service in modern Russia.
SOCIAL SECURITY MALIH AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Иванов  , Ivanov Khristo , Иванова  , Ivanova Mariya
Published: November 2015

This scientific study of the social security small and medium enterprises was carried out, as they were carefully considered by the economic conditions and factors. These conditions and factors are in direct proportion with the rest of the socio - economic relations. In this regard, bezapasnye working conditions are the main problem of the research. They rarely appear on the front pages of the media. Authorities do research in this area. Safe working conditions - an area where people´s lives and big policy decisions in constant interaction. This article has a purpose - to help syndicalists and everyone who cares about the health ministers in the small and medium enterprises.
ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Проказина  , Prokazina Natalya , Перевозкин  , Perevozkin Leonid
Published: November 2015

The article analyzes the trends in levels of fertility and mortality as the main components of the demographic situation. On the basis of statistics on the site Rosstat the evolution of the main demographic indicators are shown. The levels of fertility, mortality, migration increase and decrease of the population are considered as key indicators that determine the demographic dynamics in the Russian Federation.

Among the main priorities of the demographic policy, measures aimed at increasing the life span of the Russian population must be included: not only promoting the reduction in mortality from cardiovascular diseases and tumors, but also the reduction in mortality from external causes. Conclusions and provisions presented in the article are provided for employees making managerial decisions in the field of demographic policy, and may serve as information and analytical basis for the definition of strategic objectives and priorities.
ANTI-CRISIS PROGRAMS IN THE DISCOURSE OF RUSSIAN PARLIAMENTARY POLITICAL PARTIES
Authors: Соколов  , Sokolov Andrey
Published: November 2015

In the article the display of political discourses of Russian parliamentary political parties in economic crisis of 2014 is examined. The translation of anti-crisis programs through the party crisis discourse is studied. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the data of official websites of four Russian parliamentary political parties, conclusions about similarities and differences in critical discourses of parties are drawn, especially public presentation of anti-crisis programs in 2008 - 2012. Special attention is paid to the fact that during the economic crisis new Russian parliamentary political parties formed certain anti-crisis suggestions and made an effort to translate these suggestions through its crisis discourse.
FORMATION OF POLITICAL POTENTIAL OF THE RUSSIAN YOUTH IN THE COURSE OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION
Authors: Мельников  , Melnikov Aleksey
Published: November 2015

In the article the author revealed problems of formation and realization of political potential of new generation of the Russian youth. The conditions causing the provision of young generation and extent of inclusion in political formation are considered.

The problems of realization of political potential of young citizens are substantiated. The factors of political socialization of youth influencing formation of its political subjectivity in modern Russian conditions are defined.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF SOVIET AND MODERN RUSSIAN JURIDICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Холодов  , Holodov Vladimir
Published: November 2015

Development of science is always closely connected with social and political situation in the country. Various challenges dictate certain keynotes of the research to humanitarian researches. In this regard the article is devoted to consideration of actual problems of the development of Soviet and modern Russian juridical sciences. The problem and chronological principle is the basis of the article allowing to allocate the main periods of formation of legal knowledge. Key tendencies of formation of juridical science of postrevolutionary and modern Russian periods are considered.
Avaliação de competências de literacia mediática: Instrumentos de recolha de informação e opções teórico‑metodológicasAvaliação de competências de literacia mediática: Instrumentos de recolha de informação e opções teórico‑metodológicas
Authors: Lopes Paula
Published: November 2015

A avaliação da literacia mediática dos cidadãos e o seu enquadramento em níveis tem estado na ordem do dia. Desde 2007 que a União Europeia (UE) recomenda que, de três em três anos, a Comissão Europeia deva apresentar um relatório sobre os níveis de literacia mediática de todos os estados‑membros(UE, 2007). Para responder a esta solicitação, os projetos têm surgido um pouco por toda a Europa, na academia e fora dela. Se parece evidente que o interesse por este domínio de investigação tem crescido nos últimos anos, também é uma evidência que a pesquisa empírica ainda é confusa e insuficiente. Neste texto, desvendamos o processo de operacionalização de um instrumento metodológico concebido e aplicado na investigação “Literacia mediática e cidadania. Práticas e competências de adultos em formação na Grande Lisboa”, desenvolvida, entre 2009 e 2013, no CIES‑IUL: uma prova de literacia mediática para avaliação de competências de literacia mediática.
L’AGIR DOUBLE D’UNE ENSEIGNANTE DE FLE SOUFF RANT DE PROBLÈMES DE VOIX ET D’OUÏE
Authors: Moustapha-Sabeur Malak
Published: November 2015

Le présent article tend à circonscrire l’ « agir » (F. Cicurel : 2011)d’une enseignante qui souffre d’une voix pathologique. Suite à un traitement médical, les organes produisant la voix (les cordes, le pharynx, les cavités buccales et nasales) 1ont été affectés ainsi que l’oreille (organe principal de l’ouïe). F. Cicurel (2011 : 86) précise qu’en s’adressant à un apprenant, la parole de l’enseignant est une « parole en action »qui contribue à la transmission des savoirs et des « savoir-dire ».C’est aussi une parole multimodale dans la mesure où le message verbal peut être communiqué grâce à la « voix-outil » (M. Moustapha-Sabeur & J. Aguilar Rio (2014)2 et au « geste pédagogique » (M. Tellier 2008 : 41). Selon M. Moustapha-Sabeur (2014b)3, la voix et le geste « s’avèrent deux outils que l’enseignant utilise afin de bien mener son cours et deux indices sur lesquels les apprenants s’appuient pour maintenir ou modifier leurs réponses ».Que fait l’enseignant d’une langue étrangère si sa voix souffre non pas de troubles provisoires liés à sa profession d’enseignant mais de troubles perpétuels affectant la prononciation? D. Bouvet et M.-A. Morel (2002) ont analysé des dialogues en prenant en compte conjointement les marques posturo-mimo-gestuelles et intonatives. Notre travail concerne un contexte différent (la classe de FLE) et un cas particulier où il manque à la parole sa dimension intonative. Si l’on suppose que la voix pathologique rend difficile l’apprentissage de la langue étrangère comment l’enseignant agit-il, quelle est la « dimension corporelle se [sa] parole » (D. Bouvet 2001) et quels seront les motifs premiers de ses actions?

Il ne s’agit pas uniquement d’une question de transmission de savoirs, l’image de l’enseignant, son identité en tant qu’enseignant est dans une certaine mesure déterminée par sa voix. L’objectif de l’article n’est pas d’observer les impacts de la voix pathologique sur l’apprentissage de la langue mais de souligner les aspects particuliers sur lesquels l’enseignant focalise afin de mener son cours. A partir d’une transcription de séquences d’un cours de français langue étrangère filmé et d’un entretien d’auto-confrontation (EAC), le présent article tend à souligner les motifs d’action et les actions d’une enseignante souffrant de problèmes de voix et d’ouïe.
MARX – UMA VISÃO PANORÂMICA DE UM PANORAMA DE UMA VISÃO (PRIVILEGIADA)
Authors: Camillo Eliane Juraski
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo resgata – pelas vias da revisão bibliográfica – alguns pontos comumente discutidos por um rol de autores que se ocupam da teoria marxiana atualmente, procurando fazer algumas aproximações com a realidade mundial e brasileira do século XXI em alguns aspectos específicos. O texto aborda pontos como: alguns elementos da biografia de Marx, a questão do tempo, aspectos sobre Socialismo/Capitalismo, ditadura do proletariado, Estado, marxismos, revolução, partido, o fazer ciência, a concepção materialista da história, além de um olhar sobre a religião. Trata-se, portanto, de uma visão panorâmica sobre o amplo ideário de Marx acerca do modo de produção capitalista e seus corolários, que corresponde, com verossimilhança, ao panorama de uma visão privilegiada, que conseguiu manter-se viva desde o século XIX até os dias atuais pela vigorosa crítica que empreendeu sobre o tema a que se propôs.
Tendências da política criminal no estado democrático de direito brasileiro: Enfoque minimalista consubstanciado na constituição de 1988
Authors: Cit Franciele
Published: November 2015

O presente artigo visa a demonstrar as tendências da política criminal no Estado Demo­crático de Direito Brasileiro, sobretudo o modelo proposto pelo minimalismo e sob o enfoque consti­tucional. Como consequência da não análise dos prin­cípios da subsidiariedade, fragmentariedade, propor­cionalidade e outros fundamentais neste Estado e propostos pelo aspecto mínimo da tutela penal, há a seletividade do sistema penal brasileiro para os desfa­vorecidos financeiramente e socialmente, gerando ainda mais violência. Para ter uma visão mais justa, há que se abster do tecnicismo volvendo para uma visão mais humanística do problema.
Os princípios constitucionais como garantia da possibilidade jurídica de adoção por casais homoafetivos
Authors: Penno Sheila Maria
Published: November 2015

Trata o artigo da possibilidade jurídica de adoção por casais homoafetivos com fundamento nos princípios constitucionais da dignidade da
pessoa humana, da igualdade, da ampla proteção à família e da proteção integral à criança e ao adolescente com vistas à defesa do melhor interesse e como garantia do reconhecimento de direitos. Conceitua família, reconhecendo àquela havida com fincas na afetividade, e, por meio de interpretação de princípios constitucionais, busca estabelecer garantias para o reconhecimento da possibilidade jurídica de adoção por casais de mesmo sexo. Logo, o mote do estudo revela-se diante da ausência de regulamentação legal e do evidente choque entre princípios, necessitando aferir o de maior grandeza, com vistas à garantia da efetivação da maior gama de direitos, mormente aos que se encontram à margem do ordenamento jurídico, na proporção em que a mera ausência de expressão legal não pode mais ser admitida como impeditiva do reconhecimento de situações de fato que geram importantes consequências no campo jurídico.
A posição privilegiada da liberdade de imprensa e o direito à informação verdadeira
Authors: Zanon Junior Orlando Luiz
Published: November 2015

As instituições jornalísticas são titulares do direito fundamental à liberdade de imprensa, como modalidade qualiicada da livre manifestação de pensamento, que goza de posição privilegiada perante outras prerrogativas constitucionais, desde que estejam no exercício efetivo da comunicação social (não externando mera opinião de dirigentes ou jornalistas em particular) e de que a informação seja verídica, em face da ponderação com o direito das pessoas de conhecer a verdade. Tal posição privilegiada justiica-se pela enorme importância que a disseminação de informações verdadeiras projeta na tomada de decisões quanto aos destinos político, econômico e social do país, com relexos no desenvolvimento da democracia e na criação de riquezas. Como corolário da posição privilegiada, deve-se repudiar a censura prévia de informações jornalísticas verdadeiras, pelas vias administrativa ou judicial, resguardando-se tal possibilidade extrema para os casos em que, lagrantemente, não se trate de comunicação social (mera manifestação de juízos ou sentimentos de pessoas especíicas) ou reste cabalmente comprovada a falsidade (não basta a verossimilhança ou suspeitas, que geralmente fundamentam as tutelas de urgência). Alternativamente, a tutela jurisdicional deve ser efetuada na sua vertente reparatória, especíica (direito de resposta proporcional ao agravo) ou repara-tória (compensação material e/ou moral), ainda que cumulativamente. Por outro lado, o direito fundamental à liberdade de imprensa encontra seu contraponto na prerrogativa também constitucional de acesso à informação verdadeira, reclamando das instituições jornalísticas a obrigação de efetivamente investigar e apurar fatos rele-vantes que cheguem ao seu conhecimento, cuja divulgação não pode ser protelada por interesses econômicos, em razão da importância das notícias para a tomada de decisões bem informadas no cenário democrático.