bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morfometría de la cuenca alta del río Páez, Costa Rica, y su relación con la infiltración
Authors: Ramírez Granados Pablo , Astorga Gättgens Allan , Campos Bejarano Lolita , Henríquez Henríquez Carlos
Published: October 2020

Introducción: Los estudios morfométricos son la base del estudio hidrológico de una cuenca y tienen aplicación en la conservación de suelos y aguas. Se sabe poco sobre la cuenca alta del río Páez, Costa Rica, cuyos manantiales son usados en ganadería y cultivo de vegetales. Objetivo: establecer la morfometría de la cuenca y evaluar la infiltración el potencial de recarga. Método: Usamos curvas de nivel digitalizadas, cada 5m, para construir un Modelo de Elevación Digital en Surfer (triangulación con interpolación lineal). Resultados: El factor más influyente es la variación de las laderas, que en su mayoría están orientadas al sur. El análisis morfométrico generó una forma rectilínea que indica un estado de “no equilibrio”. La mayoría de los arroyos están en orden 1. Los valores hidrológicos de los suelos varían significativamente con la pendiente, lo que, junto con la forma de la cuenca, provoca cambios en la recarga del agua subterránea debido a la infiltración. La cantidad de drenajes de orden 1 está relacionada con la permeabilidad del terreno y las características de infiltración. Los valores moderados de densidad de drenaje son un indicador de una mayor infiltración y un alto potencial de recarga de agua subterránea. Conclusiones: Las propiedades hidrológicas de la cuenca alta del río Páez están condicionadas por su morfometría, especialmente por las variaciones en las pendientes entre curvas de nivel y la dinámica de la red de drenaje.
Psychological Contract and Employee Engagement; The Mediating role of Job-Stress, evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ishtiaq Maria , Zeb Maira
Published: October 2020

This study has been conducted to examine the influence of the type of psychological contract on employee engagement by taking job-stress as a mediator. For this purpose, data were collected from three hundred and seventeen managers and officers working in seventeen private-sector commercial banks in Peshawar through a highly structured questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 was used for data analysis. In the first phase, descriptive statistics were used to find out the type of psychological contract of the respondents, their engagement level and the level of occupational stress. In the second phase, correlation and simple linear regression were used to study the impact of psychological contract on employee engagement. Similarly Process Macro was used for the mediation analysis. Findings indicate that the employees formed a strong psychological contract with their employer, and were actively engaged while experiencing a moderate level of job-stress. Furthermore, it was confirmed that a strong psychological contract has a significant positive influence on employee engagement. The study, however, did not find any evidence in support of the mediating role of job-stress for the given sample.
Thermal performance analysis of electric vehicle charging connectors
Authors: Lin Xueyan
Published: October 2020

In order to obtain the thermal characteristics of the electric vehicle connector in operation. Firstly, the thermal circuit diagram of the connector is obtained by using thermoelectric simulation method. Then, based on Newton?s cooling equa?tion, the natural-convection heat transfer coefficient of the connector is calculated, which provides accurate input parameters for thermal simulation calculation. Finally, the thermal performance of the connector and the influence of component size and material are analyzed based on ANSYS software. When the working current is 250 A and the ambient temperature is 25?C, the temperature rise of connector shell and conductor can meet the thermal performance requirement. In order to reduce the temperature and uniform temperature difference of each part of the connector, the following optimization schemes are put forward: the optimal length of the insulator is 44 mm, the shell length should be increased as far as possible if conditions permit, and liquid crystal polymer with high thermal conductivity is selected as the insulator material, and aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and blackness is selected as the shell material.
A method based on ejector technology to suppress the infrared radiation of the special vehicle exhaust gas
Authors: Feng Yunsong , Jin Wei , Wang Jin , Lu Yuan
Published: October 2020

In this study, a method based on ejector technology is proposed to effectively suppress the infrared radiation associated with the exhaust gas of special vehicles such as tanks, armored vehicles, and missile carriers. These vehicles emit exhaust gases at very high temperatures. First, a mathematical model of the exhaust pipe was established for the exhaust system of a certain type of special vehicle. Then, the 3-D flow field outside the exhaust pipe was numerically simulated using FLUENT 6.3 software. Thus, the temperature, pressure, and density of the exhaust-gas-flow field before and after adopting the proposed ejector technique were obtained. Second, the statistical narrowband model based on the Lorentzian profile was used to determine the average absorption coefficient of a narrow band. Then, the finite volume method was used to solve the radiation transfer equation in the gaseous medium. Finally, the spectral radiation brightness and mid-infrared radiation intensity distribution of the exhaust gas before and after adopting the ejector technique were obtained. Results show that the proposed method considerably decreased the infrared radiation intensity of the exhaust gas by approximately 70%. Thus, using the proposed ejector technology, the infrared radiation associated with the exhaust system of special vehicles can be effectively suppressed.
Influence of different pumping and recharging schemes on regional groundwater drawdown in groundwater heat pump project: A case in Anhui Fuyang People’s Hospital
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Wei , Hu Lin , Gao Yulan , Tao Yuezan
Published: October 2020

In the process of exploiting geothermal energy by groundwater heat pump, the dynamic equilibrium of regional groundwater drawdown is the basis for sustained operation of groundwater heat pump. In this paper, taking the groundwater heat pump project of Fuyang People?s Hospital in Anhui, China as an example, a mathematical model is established and numerical simulation is carried out based on the hydrogeological conceptual model by using MODFLOW software. In addition, considering the pattern of same direction recharge, the intersect recharge, and the ratio of 90% and 100% reinjection, respectively, the area change of the drawdown funnel caused by the groundwater heat pump project and the recovery of the water level after the system stopped operation are analyzed. The results show that the funnel area of the pumping well under the 90% recharge ratio is greater than that of the 100% recharge, while the operation result of recharge well is opposite in the most adverse situation of the system with a production volume of 1440 m3 per day and continuous operation for 4 months. Furthermore, with the same reinjection ratio, the funnel area of the same direction recharge mode is larger than that of the intersect recharge mode in both pumping wells and recharge wells, and increases with the decrease of drawdown. Moreover, with the increase of recharge amount, while the water level of recharge well rises, there is a certain supplement and balance to the water quantity of the pumping well.
InsB9-23 Gene Transfer To Hepatocytes-Based Combined Therapy Abrogates Recurrence of Type-1 Diabetes After Islet Transplantation
Authors: Admin Ada , Russo Fabio , Citro Antonio , Squeri Giorgia , Sanvito Francesca , Monti Paolo , Gregori Silvia , Roncarolo Maria Grazia , Annoni Andrea
Published: October 2020

The induction of antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance represents a
therapeutic option for autoimmune diabetes. We demonstrated that administration
of lentiviral vector enabling expression of insulinB9-23 (LV.InsB) in
hepatocytes, arrests β cell destruction in pre-diabetic NOD mice, by generating
InsB9-23-specific FoxP3+T regulatory cells (Tregs). LV.InsB in combination with
a suboptimal dose of anti-CD3 mAb (combined therapy, 1X5µg CT5) reverts
diabetes and prevents recurrence of autoimmunity following islets
transplantation in ~50% of NOD mice. We investigated whether CT optimization
could lead to abrogation of recurrence of autoimmunity. Therefore, allo-islets
were transplanted after optimized CT tolerogenic conditioning (1X25µg CT25). Diabetic
NOD mice conditioned with CT25 when glycaemia was <500mg/dL, remained
normoglycaemic for 100 days after allo-islets transplantation, displayed
reduced insulitis, but independently from the graft. Accordingly, cured mice
showed T cell unresponsiveness to InsB9-23 stimulation and increased Tregs
frequency in islets infiltration and pancreatic LN. Additional studies revealed
a complex mechanism of Ag-specific immune regulation driven by CT25, in which
both Tregs and PDL1 co-stimulation cooperate to control diabetogenic cells,
while transplanted islets play a crucial role, although transient, recruiting
diabetogenic cells. Therefore, CT25 before allo-islets transplantation
represents an Ag-specific immunotherapy to resolve autoimmune diabetes in the
presence of residual endogenous β cell mass.
SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCHES IN THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA: EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors:   Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Zabelina I.A ,   Transbaikal State University, Delyuga A.V ,   LLC «Nornickel – Shared service center», Chita, Kolotovkina Yu.V. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: October 2020

The article presents an overview of automated tools developed at the Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS for performing socio-ecological and economic researches. One of the information systems is designed to calculate quantitative characteristics of socio-ecological and economic well-being for Russian regions using a multiplicative model based on the A. Sen extended welfare function. This model was supplemented with integrated environmental index, which is the arithmetic mean of normalized specific ecological indices. They are calculated based on the following indicators: the share of the negative tests of air, water and soil. The other software product evaluates the Russian regions development trends in the context of the “green” growth concept using the model based on the Victor’s colors of growth framework. Both information systems are implemented using PHP and MySQL tools in the form of web applications. To demonstrate the capabilities of the information systems, trends in socio-ecological and economic development of three model regions (Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk and Trans-Baikal Territories) are estimated and presented. The automated tools presented in this work significantly simplify the process of searching and analyzing information, reduce the time spent on performing data processing, and reduce the risk of errors. The results obtained using the systems can be applied in the practice of public administration at the federal and regional levels in the development of economic and environmental programs for spatial development of Russian regions
USING GPS TRECKS FOR ESTIMATION THE RECREATIONAL LOADS ON NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS
Authors:   Branch of MSU in Sevastopol, Kashirina E.S. ,   Sevastopol State University, Golubeva E.I. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Novikov A.A. ,   Branch of MSU in Sevastopol,   Institute of natural and technical systems
Published: October 2020

The development of tourism and recreation in specially protected natural areas raises the problem of preserving natural landscapes, their biodiversity and unique properties. For this purpose, functional zoning of protected areas is carried out, tourist routes that combine the interests of tourists are laid and the stability of ecosystems are regulated. To assess the level of acceptable changes in the landscape, it is necessary to compare them with the number of tourists. The most effective method is a direct accounting of recreants, but it is labor-intensive and expensive. In this regard, indirect methods of accounting for recreational load have been widely developed: measuring the width and density of the tourist trails, counting the number of trampled markers, and using open civil (social) databases. The article considers the results of using GPS tracks to assess the recreational load of protected areas on the Crimean Peninsula. We analyzed 170 tracks of Hiking routes obtained from the GPSies service for the “Baydarsky” and “Cape Aya” reserves. According to the level of recreational load, tourist trails are ranked into 4 categories: high, medium, low and very low. High recreational load corresponds to more than 10 GPS tracks, medium – from 5 to 9, low – from 1 to 5. At a very low recreational load, GPS tracks are usually not available. The frequency of use of tourist routes on model reserves of the Crimea, estimated by the density of GPS tracks, indicates the localization of loads on some of the most popular trails. Among the selected 19 trails, 13 of them are characterized by a high level of recreational load and 6 – medium. Thus, data on the distribution and density of GPS tracks in the protected areas of the Crimean Peninsula showed their prospects for assessing the recreational load
ON THE WAY TO SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF MARINE SPATIAL PLANS IN PRACTICE
Authors:   St.-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety, Titova G.D.
Published: October 2020

The author reveals the essence, goals and objectives of marine spatial planning in the light of the requirements of sustainable development and international obligations of Russia. The modern arsenal of tools used in marine spatial planning includes: integrated management of marine activities using an ecosystem approach, precautionary and adaptive approaches, as well as such forms of management and conservation of marine ecosystem health as the ecological framework and specially protected marine areas. The author draws attention to the importance of using the results of natural capital assessment in marine spatial planning, which is included in the key concepts of the concept of sustainable development. After the UN Conference in Rio de Janeiro-1992, “ natural capital” was understood as “a set of natural assets that provide humanity with natural resources (raw materials) and ecosystem services”. The use of these economic categories in the practice of planning marine activities allows us to determine the true value of services provided by marine ecosystems, and avoid serious mistakes in choosing alternative solutions. Arming managers and decision-makers with information about the true “price” avoids serious environmental consequences of these decisions. Special attention is paid to the experience of successful implementation of marine spatial plans in practical activities abroad. Analysis of the results of the use of marine spatial plans in developed countries has shown that scientific information plays a key role in the implementation of planning in practice. The spatial planning process leads to a growing understanding between science and management. The success of the implementation of marine spatial plans is facilitated by the legislative consolidation of the procedure for developing plans and their implementation in the practice of marine activities
NUMERICAL STUDY OF CURRENTS IN TSIMLYANSK RESERVOIR AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RESERVOIR FILLING
Authors:   Federal Research Center Southern Scientific Center RAS, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Kleshchenkov A.V. , Chikin A.L ,   Federal Research Center Southern Scientific Center RAS, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Chikina L.G ,   South Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: October 2020

A description of the mathematical model of the hydrodynamics of the Tsimlyansk reservoir is given. In shallow water regions, the flows are described by the equations of shallow water, and in deep-water regions by both the equations of shallow water and the three-dimensional equations of motion of an incompressible viscous fluid. The problem is solved by finite difference methods on a uniform difference grid. The calculations were carried out at different levels of reservoir filling. A comparison of the results obtained with the surface currents scheme constructed based on the results of field work performed in the spring of 2019 is carried out. The pictures of currents were obtained at different water edges. For the period of expeditionary field work in May 2019, hydrodynamics was calculated on the near-dam site using wind data obtained for this period and compared with the results of field measurements of currents. Comparison of the obtained results of numerical modeling with the scheme of surface currents measured from the research vessel reveals a high proportion of convergence of the calculated and field data. The obtained estimates of the modeling results allow us to proceed to the problem of predicting unfavorable hydrometeorological conditions in the Tsimlyansk reservoir, which carry the risk of disrupting the operation of the water intakes of Volgodonsk located in the southern part of the near-dam site
LEAF AREA INDEX: METHODS OF FIELD INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND USING REMOTE SENSING MATERIALS
Authors:   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Golubeva E.I. , Zimin M.V. ,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Tutubalina O. V. ,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Timokhina Y.I. ,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Azarova A.S. ,   M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the methods of field instrumental measurements and the use of remote sensing materials for measuring the leaf area index of vegetation cover, their capabilities and limitations, verified during research in northern forests. The leaf area index LAI is the ratio of the area of leaves (one of their sides) and/or needles of all plants to the soil area occupied by a given ecosystem. LAI is an important parameter that reflects material and energy metabolism in the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, the cycle of carbon and plant nutrients in ecosystems, predicting their growth and productivity. LAI is a key variable functionally related to phytomass production, water cycle and nutrient cycle under specific microclimatic conditions. A reliable estimate of LAI is one of great importance for monitoring and analyzing various biophysical processes in ecosystems; it is a complex indicator that quantitatively reflects the closeness of the tree canopy, the projective cover of shrub, grass, moss-lichen layers of natural ecosystems or crops of agrocenoses. The LAI is used in environmental studies aimed at studying the state of the vegetation cover for solving scientific and applied problems. The global LAI is 4.5, its values depend both on natural conditions, mainly hydrothermal, and on the characteristics and degree of anthropogenic impact. The theoretical foundations of studying LAI and various methods of its measurement are considered. In field studies, LAI is determined either with the help of special devices or in a destructive way: the assimilation area of leaves is determined by the method of “incisions” of a fixed area, and the accumulation of dry matter – by the gravimetric method, followed by drying of the vegetative mass of plants to an air-dry or absolutely dry state... The use of remote sensing data is very promising to determine LAI of various types of vegetation without removing phytomass and to assess their condition.
USE OF EARTH REMOTE SENSING MATERIALS IN LITHODYNAMIC RESEARCH (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE OKHOTSK SEA)
Authors:   Moscow State University, Seismic Data Analysis Centre, Mironyuk S. , Ermolov A. ,   Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography
Published: October 2020

. The features of coastal destruction on two key areas of the Sea of Okhotsk: Nabil-Lunsky and Nevelsky, are examined, using materials from remote sensing of the Earth. Section significantly different in natural conditions. The analysis of high-resolution satellite images of different times showed that in the Okhotsk sea (Nabil-Lunsky site) a significant factor affecting the dynamics of the coasts is the migration of cuspate bars and storm deformations. Morphologically, cuspate bars are large accumulative wave-like bodies with a period along the coast of about 350–500 m and an amplitude along the normal to the coast of 50–80 m. Cuspate bars s are known to slowly migrate in the direction of the coastal sediment flow. It was found that the average abrasion rate of the beach scarp according to the results of decoding different-time (1983–2010) satellite images and aerial photographs within the Nabil-Lunsky site was from 0.0 to 0.44 m/year. In the Nevel Strait, stability of the west coast is facilitated by wide watts and marches. The eastern coast (Sakhalin Island) in the area of Cape Ouangi is steep coast (slope is greater than 0.03), which favors the marginal erosion. Within the boundaries of the studied areas, the mean annual rate of abrasion was estimated. According to the results of deciphering the satellite images of the Cape Kamennyi area, it was found that the accumulative coasts from 1968 to 2006 were in relatively stable condition, and the abrasion-denudation shore at the seabed end of the cape was subjected to abrasion at speeds of 0.05–0.1 m/year
GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A MECHANISM FOR ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS TO PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC AIR POLLUTION IN CITIES
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Yeprintsev S.A.
Published: October 2020

ic health requires processing large amounts of data from long-term research, which necessitates the use of modern geoinformation technologies. Geoinformation technologies are a mechanism for assessing environmental risks to public health in conditions of man-made air pollution in cities. The results obtained in the course of long-term monitoring studies are summarized in the GIS environment “Environmental and socio-economic conditions of cities in Central Russia”. The collection of information to characterize the functional and planning structure and landscape and environmental conditions for the model regions was carried out on the basis of special field research, processing of stock, including cartographic, material of regional integrated and sectoral environmental agencies. Currently, Russia and the world have different approaches to assessing the environmental risk for the population living in industrial cities. In Russia, the methodology of the center for hygiene is most widely used. Erisman, as well as the methodology for assessing environmental risk developed by Professor V. Prevalence. Of studies environmental and social conditions in the city of Voronezh, conducted by researchers of Voronezh state University under the direction of Professor S.A. Kurolap collected in electronic health-environmental GIS-Atlas of the city of Voronezh. The Atlas contains maps showing the state of the environment, public health, and environmental risks in various parts of the city of Voronezh. Currently, various researchers have proposed a number of methodologies for geoinformation assessment of environmental safety of the population of large cities. At the same time, there is no unified approach to assessing environmental comfort that covers its various components, which makes it advisable to develop an integrated methodology based on the data available to us.
COMPARISON OF SOME ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL PARAMETERS MEASURED IN MOSCOW WITH MERRA-2 REANALYSIS DATA
Authors:   A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Gubanova D.P. , Vinogradova A.A. ,   A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Ivanova Yu.A. ,   A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2020

The first results of the complicated experiment for studying atmospheric composition in Moscow metropolis in different seasons are considered. The mass concentrations of aerosol particles PM10 and PM2.5, as well as the total aerosol concentration in the surface air of the city center were analyzed for the period of eight months (October 2019 – May 2020). The obtained monthly average values of aerosol concentrations show good correlation with the results of measurements at several stations of Mosecomonitoring system, differences in monthly average values are about 35–40 % and 20–25 %, respectively, from the average values. This is primarily due to various degrees of urbanization, the specifics and intensity of local anthropogenic aerosol sources in different areas of the city, as well as the peculiarities of the circulation regime of the Moscow metropolis. For three consecutive seasons (autumn, winter and spring 2019/2020), the corresponding monthly average mass concentrations were about 24 and 11 μg/m3 for PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols, which is very close to corresponding mass concentrations in the atmosphere of a number of major European cities and lower than the mass concentrations of submicron and micron surface aerosols in the megacities of East Asia. The measurement results are noticeably higher than MERRA-2 reanalysis data. Reanalysis data qualitatively reflect intra-annual variations in the mass concentration of aerosol in the city’s surface air. However, MERRA-2 reanalysis greatly underestimates the level of aerosol pollution in Moscow, from 2 to 12 times in different months for the total aerosol mass or PM2.5 particles.
OIL PRODUCT SPILL IN NORILSK MAY 29, 2020: ALLEGED REASONS AND POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Authors:   FGBU «Hydrochemical Institute», Rostov-on-Don, Sazonov A.D. ,   South Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Komarov R.S. ,   FGBU «Hydrochemical Institute», Rostov-on-Don,   South Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Peredera O.S. ,   South Federal University, Rostov-on-Don
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes a man-made disaster of an oil spill that occurred in the city of Norilsk on May 29, 2020. The data for the study has been provided through the official open sources about the environmental disaster and the comments of experts. Not far from the city of Norilsk, a backup diesel fuel tank was depressurized at a combined heat and power plant owned by the Norilsk-Taimyr energy company, which belongs to PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel. According to the available data, the tank contained 21,163 m³ of fuel. Most of the fuel entered the Daldykan River, the right tributary of the Ambarnaya River, which flows into Lake Pyasino, which communicates with the Kara Sea through the Pyasina River. As a result of this spill, water bodies and soil cover were damaged. The article identifies three possible reasons for this incident: irresponsible operation and improper maintenance of buildings and structures of the CHPP, ineffective technical and environmental control, rapid melting of permafrost caused by global warming. Due to natural and climatic features, the ecosystems in the area of the spill have a very low recovery potential. In such conditions, even small-scale anthropogenic impacts can cause a significant damage to ecosystems. There is concern that ecosystems of water bodies will take a very long time to recover and probably will never recover to their initial condition. It is also noted that there is a threat of pollution of the marine ecosystems of the Kara Sea, as it receives the runoff of water bodies that have been polluted. Finally, some recommendations are given that can prevent or reduce the likelihood of such accidents in the future.
RESEARCH OF LONG-TERM SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY IN THE SEA OF AZOV FOR THE PERIOD 1913–2018
Authors:   Marine Hydrophysical Institute RAS, 299011, Kapitanskaya Str., 2, Sevastopol, Russia, Shukalo D.M. , Shul’ga T.Y. ,   Marine Hydrophysical Institute RAS, 299011, Kapitanskaya Str., 2, Sevastopol, Russia
Published: October 2020

One of the most demanded directions of oceanographic problems is the study of long-term variability and modeling of future climatic changes and also the possibility of obtaining continuous information on the thermohaline structure of the sea based on the joint use of remote sensing data and the results of assimilation modeling. In current paper, research, of the Sea of Azov for the period 1913–2018 was carried out. We used the data of contact measurements from the oceanographic data base of the SSC RAS, Atlas of climate change in large marine ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere, as well as data from the oceanographic data bank of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute RAS. Based on the analysis of the information, the calculation of the average monthly temperature and salinity was carried out, the periods of anomalous temperature were revealed, the periods of salinization and desalination of the Azov Sea also were noted. Data analysis made possibility to identify intrasecular climate fluctuations. Abnormally cold water temperature in winter was noted in the periods: 1926–1932, 1951– 1956, 2003–2012. In turn, the abnormally warm water temperature in winter, which was recorded in the periods: 1935–1939, 1958–1972, 1983–1992. by accompanied a cold spring-summer period. During the last five years the spring-summer period is characterized by an increased water temperature of the Azov Sea. The long-term variability of the salinity of the Sea of Azov significantly depends on the inflow of saltier waters of the Black Sea and river runoff. Due to these circumstances, the Sea of Azov is characterized by periods of salinization and desalination: the period of salinization was recorded from 1955 to 1973, a shorter period of desalination falls on 2003–2018. On average, the value of the ratio between the mean monthly salinity values during these periods is 2,2 times.
GEOINFORMATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COASTAL TERRITORY OF THE TEMRYUK REGION
Authors:   South Federal University, Dolzhenko A.O. , Arkhipova O.E. ,   South Federal University,   Federal Research Center Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: October 2020

One of the main priorities of the development strategy of the Temryuk district until 2030 is advanced social and economic development. The relevance of the work is confirmed by major changes in significant areas of life and activities of the Temryuk Region of the Krasnodar Territory, associated with the construction and direct operation of the Crimean Bridge. This inevitably entails a burden on the coastal areas of the region, but, thanks to the expansion of its transport network, contributes to the development of its socio-economic potential. Geographic information assessment of the potential for socio-economic development of the coastal territory of the Temryuk region allows us to assess the economic and social component of the development of the Temryuk region for the period from 2006 to 2019. The object of the research is the coastal territory of the Temryuk region and the possibilities of its social and economic development. The subject of the research is the use of methods of modern geoinformation technologies to assess the potential for socio-economic development of the coast of the Temryuk region. The purpose of the study is to assess and analyze the potential for socio-economic development of the coastal territories of the Temryuk region of the Krasnodar Territory based on the methods of geoinformation technologies. Research methods include statistical analysis and spatial analysis using GIS.
ETHNOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Potravny I.M.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses approaches to conducting ethnological expertise to assess the consequences of changes in the native habitat of indigenous peoples of the North in connection with an emergency oil spill at the TPP-3 in Norilsk on May 29, 2020. It shows the impact on the environment as a result of past economic activity on the territory of the Norilsk industrial district, as well as possible changes in the sphere of traditional nature management in connection with an emergency oil spill. It is proposed to divide the assessment of negative effects on the environment and the traditional way of life of indigenous peoples associated with past economic activities and changes caused by the current impact of accidental pollution and its consequences on the ethnic group and the traditional way of life of the local population. The stages and content of ethnological expertise of changes in the native habitat of indigenous peoples on the territory of the Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets municipal district of the Krasnoyarsk territory due to an emergency oil spill are considered. The assessment of possible harm to small indigenous peoples for subsequent compensation is proposed to be determined on the basis of reduced resource productivity of the territory and lost profits for certain types of traditional nature use. The zone of withdrawal of the territories of traditional nature use area stress should be determined on the basis of instrumental measurements of the level of environmental pollution (water, soil, etc.). Holding the ethnological expertise in connection with environmental pollution on the territories of traditional nature use, including the assessment and compensation of the caused harm, allows to harmonize the interests of all stakeholders to minimize ecological, economic and social risks in the field of natural use.
MODELING OF PRIMARY ISSUES OF SHARES OF A JOINT STOCK COMPANY
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics, Mechanics and Computer Sciences SFU, Demensky V.I. , Usov A.B. ,   Institute of Mathematics, Mechanics and Computer Sciences SFU
Published: October 2020

At present, in contrast to lending and investment services, models for raising additional capital for a company by issuing shares and then placing them on the securities market are becoming more popular. This article discusses the model of issuing shares for a joint-stock company (JSC) and the subsequent purchase of their traders. The model has a two-level hierarchical structure, where the leading party is the JSC, and the lead, in turn, is the shareholders. The company determines the number of shares and their issue price. Depending on the total capitalization of the company and the nominal share price, the company’s revaluation coefficient (P/BV) is formed. This coefficient affects the General mood of shareholders in the market, who use the sale or purchase of shares to change the total capitalization of the company. The price for the current time period consists of the algebraic sum of the price for the previous time period and the total capitalization, thus, through changes in the total turnover of funds, shareholders are able to influence the share price. The main income for a shareholder is the difference between the purchase and sale of shares, as well as the payment of its dividends. For the company, the task is to maximize profits by buying shares on the stock exchange, as well as minimize losses when selling them. After describing the target functions and applying the simulation method, the optimal issue price for a fixed number of shares was found for the company. Unfortunately, the market does not lend itself to accurate forecasts due to the large influence of the human factor. Very often, shareholders can act against the rational and most profitable strategy. Despite this, this model will help to approximate the behavior of players in the stock market in subsequent development, thereby facilitating the study of price movements on the stock exchange.
UNCERTAINTY OF NATURAL METHANE EMISSIONS FROM BOREAL WETLANDS
Authors:   A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Denisov S.N. , Arzhanov M.M. ,   A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2020

Current estimates of methane emissions from high latitude wetlands have significant intermodel variations, one reason for which may be internal atmospheric circulation variability. This paper analyzes the impact of internal atmospheric variability on variations in methane emissions from the Hudson Bay Lowland (HBL) area. The ensemble of numerical experiments with a joint model of the methane cycle and heat and moisture transport in soil was performed. An ensemble of 45 realizations of the multi-year data of meteorological variables at the land surface, calculated by the ECHAM5 for different initial and identical boundary conditions for a 34-year period (from 1.01.1979 to 31.12.2012) was specified as space-distributed input data. Necessary physical characteristics of the soil were calculated in the module of heat and moisture transport, supplemented with an interactive scheme for calculating the area of the model cell occupied by the wetlands. Wetlands are estimated to occupy 8–20 % (with 11.4 % ensemble mean) of HBL region area. The ensemble average of annual emissions for HBL over the estimated period equals 6.1 TgCH4/yr with – 0.1 TgCH4/yr trend. The obtained uncertainty associated with climate noise equals 32 % for average annual emissions, and 31–38 % for individual months. It is shown that a significant contribution to the high uncertainty of methane emissions is made by the climatically determined variability of the wetland area.
BUILDING THE STACKELBERG EQUILIBRIUM IN THE PROBLEM OF INNOVATION IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Ninidze D.L. , Usov A.B. ,   Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don
Published: October 2020

We investigate the mathematical model of coordination of private and public interests at introduction of innovations. Innovation is broadly understood as the profitable use of innovations in the form of new technologies, products and services, organizational, technical and socio-economic solutions of industrial, financial, commercial, administrative or other nature. Innovation affects the structure of production enterprises in the country, the level of development of society. The introduction of innovations requires restructuring of the existing production, retraining of employees, capital costs and at the same time is associated with the risk of not suffering losses and getting the necessary result. The main task of mathematical modeling of coordination of private and public interests in the models of innovation promotion is to determine the appropriate strategy to promote innovation, provided that the maximum income of persons promoting innovation. The agent promotes innovation, for which he receives income from production from the supervisor, but at the same time has personal expenses during implementation. In addition, the agent has its own private interest, namely, engaged in third-party activities not related to the promotion of innovation, which also brings him income. The model uses a motivation in which the supervisor acts on the target function of the agent. We consider the various Internet articles on the topic of how to embed innovation in the company. The problem is investigated using Stackelberg algorithms. Thus, the results were obtained during the study.
MODELING ACTIVITIES OF REAL ESTATE COMPANIES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT OPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOR OPPORTUNITY
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Osipyan R. A. , Usov A. B. ,   Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don
Published: October 2020

The problem of modeling the activity of real estate companies is relevant and causes a certain interest. This article sets and solves the problem of mathematical modeling of the management system of interaction between a realtor and the management of a realtor company, developing an effective mechanism for managing the activities of a realtor company. To describe the management system, a static two-level hierarchical model of interaction between a real estate agency (management of a real estate company) and an agent (realtor) is proposed. The real estate agency acts as the Lead, and the agent acts as the Slave. The slave manages the degree (level) of their qualifications, and the Leader – the amount of funds allocated for agency advertising. The incentive method is used as a method of hierarchical management. Information rules are used that correspond to Stackelberg’s game without management feedback. The model provides the ability to manipulate information from the Slave. The algorithm for finding the Stackelberg equilibrium is specified. An analytical (for a particular type of input functions) and numerical (for a general type of input functions) study of the proposed model is carried out. The results are presented and analyzed, and relevant conclusions are drawn.
SMALL-SCALE PATTERNS IN SPATIAL MODEL OF TROPHIC SYSTEM DIATOM MICROALGAE – HARPACTICOID COPEPODS
Authors:   Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SSC RAS), Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Tyutyunov Yu.V. , Zagrebneva A.D. ,   Don State Technical University (DSTU), Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Azovsky A.I. ,   Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU, Moscow, Russia,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2020

A predator–prey model that describes littoral trophic communities consisting of diatom microalgae and benthic copepod crustaceans (order Harpacticoida) was built and investigated. The model is a system of three partial differential equations of the taxis–diffusion–reaction type. The Neumann boundary condition specifies zero-flux through the borders of a rectangular habitat. The movements of copepods is described by the classical Patlak – Keller – Segel flux expression, which includes both taxis and diffusion. The feeding migrations of consumers are modelled as indirect prey–taxis stimulated by harpacticoid satiety, i.e. with the diffusion coefficient being a decreasing function of individual satiety. Inasmuch as demographic processes in the predator population occur at slow time scale, the model includes no birth/death terms for predator. Hence, taking into account the boundary condition, the average density of predators remains constant. The analytical condition for the oscillatory instability of the homogeneous stationary state of species coexistence reveals the crucial role of the indirect prey–taxis for emergence of spatiotemporal patterns in the system. The proposed model can be viewed as the minimal model capable of explaining heterogeneity of the harpacticoid density. With parameters identified on the basis of field observation data, the model simulates small-scale spatial patterns with characteristic size and the expected lifetime of density patches typical for the considered community of benthic organisms. In spatially-heterogeneous dynamics both density of microalgae and individual consumption of harpacticoid copepods exceed equilibrium values observed without feeding migrations. This suggests that prey–taxis behavior is an evolutionary advantageous strategy
Adolescent Psyche and Expressionism in ‘The Catcher in The Rye’ and ‘The Bell Jar’
Authors: Roy Ananya
Published: October 2020

J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye (1951) and Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar (1963), both serve as masterpiece accounts of teen angst and intricate detailed workings of the mind post world war when society was growing on one side with new foliage of technological innovation aimed at improving the lifestyle of human beings, on the other was on a slowyet painful process of moral, individual and spiritual decay as men and women had given way to the evils of the surplus and easy way of living. Not only were relationships coming under the radar of suspicion with humans doubting and betraying each other, a major issue of serious concern was on the rise as well that being the changing dynamics of adolescent brain and mind. Prone to modernization, the functioning of the mind of teenagers was undergoing a tremendous change where overt sensitivity was on rise. This paper focuses upon the main themes of (I) ideals cherished by both the protagonists, their view on them as individuals of the society, (II) on sexuality and (III) the serious issue of suicide which had been sought out as the best means of escape as their surroundings fail to bend according to their visions. This paper makes special efforts at analysing the same by bringing into it the status of relationship of the protagonist with his or her family member, peers, teachers and counsellors and how exactly it helps in expressing who they are and what they want.
Profil Gaya Kognitif Empathizing-Systemizing pada Anak Indonesia
Authors: Kesumaningsari Ni Putu Adelia
Published: October 2020

Abstract—The present study examined Empathizing-Systemizing Theory (E-S Theory) in Indonesian Children. E-S Theory has known as a theory that is attempted to explain the cluster of both the social and non-social features in autism spectrum conditions. Children’s version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-C) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ-C) were administered to 372 Indonesia parents who had typically developed children aged 4-11 years old (boys = 182, girls = 190). The results showed that the girls scored higher that boys on EQ-C . In the case of SQ-C, there were no differences between boys and girls. However, the proportion of cognitive style shows clear individual differences between boys and girls. The proportion of participants with empathizing dominant cognitive sytle was shown higher by girls than boys, which distributed to E and Extreme E brain types, while the proportion of systemizing dominant cognitive styles is higher in boys whom brain types spread across the Type S and Extreme S categories. This study explaining inherited biological factors of autism and  underscore the vulnerability among  boys to develop autism spectrum condition if compared to girls. Keywords: Empathizing Quotient (EQ), extreme male brain of autism, sex, Systemizing Quotient (SQ)

Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji teori Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S Theory) pada konteks anak Indonesia. E-S Theory dikenal sebagai sebuah teori yang digunakan untuk melihat gugus fitur sosial dan non-sosial kondisi spektrum autisme. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 372 orang tua Indonesia dengan anak berusia 4-11 tahun (anak laki-laki = 182, perempuan = 190), M usia = 7 Tahun, SD= 2.423 yang diminta untuk mengisi skala Empathizing Quotient (EQ) dan Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa tingkat empati anak perempuan lebih tinggi daripada tingkat empati anak laki-laki. Dalam hal mensistemasi tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan kemampuan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Namun, proporsi gaya kognitif menunjukkan adanya perbedaan individual yang signifikan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Gaya kognitif dominan berempati lebih tinggi pada anak perempuan, yang tersebar pada kategori tipe otak E dan Ekstrim E, sedangkan proporsi gaya kognitif mensistemasi lebih tinggi pada anak laki-laki dengan tipe otak yang tersebar pada kategori Tipe S dan Ekstrim S.  Hasil penelitian ini memberikan bukti adanya faktor biologis bawaan dari autism ditinjau dari jenis kelamin dan menunjukkan kerentanan bawaan anak laki-laki terhadap kondisi autism jika dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan.Kata kunci: Empathizing Quotient (EQ), extreme male brain of autism, jenis kelamin, Systemizing Quotient (SQ)