bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability and genetic structuring of Sitophilus zeamais according to agroecological zones in Senegal (West of Africa)
Authors: Demba Sarr Ngagne , Diome ToffÃ¨ne , Sembene Mbacke
Published: August 2021

Maize plays a socio-economic role in Senegal. However, it is considerably damaged by Sitophilus Zeamais, a beetle of the Curculionidae. Areas likely to favor the survival or extinction of Sitophilus zeamais can be identified because genetic diversity influences the adaptability of the individual. Our study aims to highlight a possible variation and structuring of Sitophilus zeamais according to five agroecological zones (AEZ) in Senegal, namely Nord Bassin Arachidier (NBA), Sud Bassin Arachidier (SBA), Sénégal Oriental Haute Casamance (SOHC), Basse Moyenne Casamance (BMC) and Zone Sylvo-Pastorale (ZSP). The purpose of this study is to reduce crop losses by recommending to farmers peas where the insect is reluctant to survive. So far, genetic studies on this insect have traced its phylogeny and its geographical distribution in Africa in general. Senegal has never been specifically studied. To achieve this goal, 89 individuals were captured in the 5 zones. The exploitation of the cytochrome B gene corresponding to these individuals revealed a high genetic diversity in the NBA, SBA, and SOHC and low in BMC and ZSP, but also a genetic structuring of the insect according to agroecological zones. Thus, the agroecological zones of the NBA, the SBA and the SOHC are favorable to its survival, while those of the BMC and the ZSP limit its expansion.
Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Savastanoi, causal agent of olive tuberculosis in two regions of Western Algeria (Ain TÃ©mouchent and Sig)
Authors: Kheira Benyoub , Mourad Kacem , Meriem Kaid-Harche
Published: August 2021

The present study on olive tuberculosis commenced by isolating bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas from the soils and necrosis of collected olive trees. A total of 180 samples were used in this study: (100) rhizospheric soil samples: (60) samples at the region of Ain Témouchent and (40) at the region of Sig in western of Algeria. In total, (80) galls were collected (40) at branch level and (40) galls at olive tree leaf (level). The isolates were identified by microbiological (macroscopic and microscopic examination), physiological (growth in the presence of Salt (NaCl), growth at different pH values and growth at different temperatures) and biochemical methods (the LOPAT and Galeries Api 20 NE test to identify species of the Pseudomonas group and conventional biochemical tests to identify the subspecies P. syringae pv. Savastanoi).This allowed to identify 110 isolates of Pseudomonas (60 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 35 isolates of P. fluorescens and 15 isolates of P. syringae pv Savastanoi the causal agent of olive node disease) which are now part of the collection of Pseudomonas bacteria of the laboratory of the Biotechnology Department (USTO-MB). The selection of technological performance isolates useful for our agriculture could solve phytopathological problems and finally constitute a collection of the bacteria preserved.
Effects of Myrtus communis leaf extracts on CdCl2-induced metabolic disturbance in male wistar rats
Authors: Dellaoui Hafsa , Berroukche Abdelkrim , Bouzouira Bakhta , Taibi Narimen , Zouidi Mohamed , Belatbi Belkacem
Published: August 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is widespread in the environment. Cd toxicity targets liver and renal tissues and generates oxidative stress. Medicinal plants produce antioxidants scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chelate heavy metals. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Myrtus communis leaves hydro-methanol extract (HME) and aqueous extract (AE) on Cdinduced toxicity. The experiments were carried out, during 30 days, on male rats; GR1 (controls), GR2 treated with CdCl2 (18 mg/kg), GR3 co-treated with HME (1 g/kg) and Cd (18 mg/kg), GR4 co-treated with AE (1 g/kg) and Cd (18 mg/kg), GR5 with HME and GR6 with AE. Cd induced changes in biochemical parameters (transaminases, urea, creatinine and blood sugar)related to hepato renal function, increased tissue mortification and decreased animals’ body weight. While the treatment animals, with M. communis leaves (HME) or (AE), regulated blood sugar levels. Hepatic steatosis and loss of glomeruli were particularly induced either by Cd or a co-treatment with Cd and plant extracts. M. communis extracts (HME and EA) can regulate blood sugar levels and prevent cadmium accumulation.
Identification of indigenous Lactobacillus isolated from artisanal Algerian dairy product by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Arezki Ait Abdeslam , Nathalie Desmasures , Ahmed Bensoltane
Published: August 2021

El-klila, Jben, Rayeb and Lben are artisanal dairy products typical of the North African region. These products are considered a good source of nutrients and a vector par excellence of indigenous lactic acid bacteria with significant technological and therapeutic potential. In this study, fifty-two Lactobacillus isolates from traditional dairy products (El-Klila, Jben and Rayeb) from the Ain Sefra region (southwestern of Algeria) were identified by phenotypic, genotypic and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry methods. Phenotypic characterization allowed dividing the isolates into two groups: 7.69% of isolates mesophilic and strict heterofermentative and 92.31% isolates mesophilic and optional heterofermentative. The isolates identification by sequencing 16S rDNA was performed using the universal primers w02 and w18. Comparing the sequences of the isolates with the GenBank database (NCBI) revealed a high percentage with five species of Lactobacillus. Of the 52 isolates, thirteen were identified as Lactobacillus paracasei, four isolates were L. brevis, five isolates were L. rhamnosus and ten isolates were L. plantarum. The lasting twenty isolates were related, at the same time, to the plantarum species and the pentosus species. The use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry confirmed the identity of 36 strains of Lactobacillus. Of the 20 isolates related to the plantarum / pentosus group by 16S rDNA, 50% were identified as L. plantarum. Finally, the results of the two combined methods allowed us to correctly identify 80.76% of the Lactobacillus isolates at the genus and species level. The analysis by MALDI-TOF SM has proved to be a very reliable, fast (less than an hour) and inexpensive tool for identifying native Lactobacillus species from artisanal dairy products. This method can constitute a major tool for the study of the microbial biodiversity of artisanal food products.
Microbiological and Physicochemical attributes of two date Cultivars Hmira and Feggousâ€™ in Abadela, Bechar Oasis , South-West of Algeria
Authors: Asma Laouar , Ahmed Makhloufi , Khadidja Makhloufi
Published: August 2021

Phoenix dactylifera L. Date, a high energy fruit with a sweet taste, is one of the most important staple foods consumed in southern region of Algeria. The aim of this study was to determine the physico-chemical and microbial attributes of two common date varieties (Feggous and Hmira) in Abadla Oasis–Bechar (South-west of Algeria) for their valorization. The analysis showed that dates fruits contained a high level of total sugar which exceeded 80%, but a low content of fat (0.72%) and protein (0.91%). The mean value of humidity, pH and ash of the samples were obtained as 22.13%, 6.17, and 1.72% respectively all dates contained high amounts of K, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg and P. The maximum levels of the majority of minerals were found in Feggous variety. Moreover, Vitamin E and Vitamin C of under-valued dates ranged between 0.37 and 2.74 mg/100g on dry weight basis. The microbiological analyses of dates showed the existence of total aerobic flora, a fungal flora dominated by Penicillium and Aspergillus, yeasts as well as the absence of pathogen strains. The morphological, biochemical and microbial properties of studied date fruits were in accordance with national and international regulations. These results may be useful for valorization of local date varieties, and for evaluation of dietary information and concludes that dates are the good sources of minerals and vitamins in Saharan regions.
Extraction and analysis of polysaccharides from tissues of Retama monosperma branches
Authors: Brahimi H. Bokhari-Taieb , Aizi D. E. , Bouhafsoun A. , Hachem K. , Mezemaze R. , Kaid-Harche M.
Published: August 2021

Retama monosperma is a fabaceous shrub that colonizes dune sands owing to its particularly important root system at depth and on the surface. It establishes symbiotic associations with rhizobia and thus plays a role in the bio -fertilization of soils. The stem fibers of R. monosperma are an interesting material for industry because of their useful biometric, physical, chemical and structural characteristics. The aim of this study was to complete these data with a biochemical analysis of the cell walls tissues of adult branches of R. monosperma. Cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins were extracted from cell wall. The weight dosage indicated that cellulose remained the major component of the wall (56% from the crude cell wall and 52% from the delignified cell wall) ahead of hemicelluloses (16% from the crude cell wall and 14% from the delignified cell wall) and pectins (5.6% from the crude cell wall and 5% from the delignified cell wall for water extract pectins and 3% from the crude cell wall and 2.4% from the delignified cell wall for oxalate extract pectins). The colorimetric assay of pectins extracted from lignified cell wall of R. monosperma suggested presence of more uronic acids (14.95µg/mL) than pectins extracted from a delignified cell wall (12.37 µg/mL). Gas chromatographic analysis of hemicellulosic extracts showed the presence of xylose as the major ose (54.7% from the crude cell wall and 46.7% from the delignified cell wall). Pectins were represented by homogalacturonan chains and rhamnogalacturonans 1. Data generated in this study are helpful for valorization of this plant.
Polyextremotolerant Bacillus cereus groups isolated from Algerian arid ecosystems and bioprospecting for their bioactive compounds
Authors: Bouali Waffa , Sahin Fikrettin , Aissaoui Nadia , Altin Gonca , Mesli Badis , Kiratli Binnur , Kalayci Sadik , Abdelouahid Djamel Eddine
Published: August 2021

In previous work, 70 Bacillus sp. isolates originating from 4 soil plots from southwestern Algeria were studied for their poten al plant growth promoting (PGP). In this study, pH, organic ma er, texture, Calcium carbonate, and Electrical conduc vity of the soil samples were determined, 08 selected isolates were idenfied based on rRNA 16S and FAME analysis using GC. Antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi were also investigated. All the four soils were moderately Calcium carbonate, pH of soil was alkaline. Our results showed that the electrical conductivity was high for all soils and the four soil isolates in semi-arid and arid regions were poor in organic matter. In addition, Fatty acid analysis showed the presence of 17 di erent fa y acids. Three fa y acids, 15:0 iso, 16:0, and 17:0, 17:0 were present in all isolates. Thus, the isolates were classified into two clusters which were con rmed the results of 16SrRNA sequence analysis. Preliminary screening revealed that the Bacillus thuringiensis isolates showed strong an bacterial and an fungal proper es against S. aureus (between 7mm to 11mm) and A. niger (between 7mm to 8mm). The aim of the present study is the screening of eight Bacillus cereus strains isolated from four rhizosphere soil sample of South-Western region of Algeria province for their an microbial activity.
Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from Opuntia ficus-indica and their effect on Wheat growth
Authors: N Draou , N Selami , N Karkachi , Mourad Kacem , M Kaid Harche
Published: August 2021

Endophytic bacteria are found inside host plants without causing disease symptoms, and form a range of di erent bene cial rela onships. In this study, four bacterial strains were isolated from roots, cladodes and non gus- tatory fruits of Opun a cus-indicaL. collected from the Algerian semi-arid region. The bacteria were able to grow at temperatures as 45 °C. 16SrRNA sequencing revealed the iden ty of isolates as Pseudomonas pu da(E1)with 98% similarity,P. brassicacearum(E2) and Klebsiella pneumonia (E3,E4)with 99% similarity. The strains were tested in vitro for their biocontrol ac vity against phytopathogenic fungus, and found to have the ability to inhibit the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis and Aspergillus niger growth. We noticed that the most important inhibitory effect recorded with P. pu da (69.78±3.93 and 65.15±2.8), and that the feeble antagonistic effect recorded with P. brassicacearum (20.57±6.04 and 8.52 ±2.8) against of F.oxysporum f.sp albdeinis and A.niger. The plant growth promo ng (PGP) proper es were demonstrated through wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based bioassay under hydroponic condi ons.The inocula on of bacteria showed an increase in density, length of roots and stems, indica ng the PGP abili es of these bacteria. P. pu da showed a poten al for growth of wheat plant.We no ced respectively the length of both stems and roots (17.34 ± 0.54 mm; 11.07 ± 0.67 mm), and we found that fresh and dry weight was (0.23 ± 0.029 g; 0.0375 ±0.003 g). Overall the results showed that isolates characterized were able to improve the growth of plants, and inhibit the propaga on of phytopathogenic fungi. To our knowledge, this is the rst report describing the isola on of bacteria from O. cus-indica(L.) in Algerian semi-arid region.
SARS, MERS, COVID-19: Identification of Patients at a Higher Risk: A Narrative Review
Authors: Noureldine Hussein , Chedid Georges , Gerges Harb Jad , Nour-Eldine Wared , Nour Eldine Mariam , Noureldine Mohammad Hassan , Abou Abdallah Dany , Falco Chedid Nancy
Published: August 2021

The different presentations, comorbidities, and outcomes of COVID-19 highlight the importance of early identification and proper triage of patients. High-risk patients can be divided into patients with common comorbidities and patients with special categories. Common comorbidities include, but are not limited to, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), immunosuppression, underlying respiratory disease, and obesity. Certain categories of COVID-19 patients are also at increased risk, including neonates and pregnant women.  In the present article, we delineate the reported risk factors for acquisition of infection, and for increased severity of the clinical disease. We also comparatively analyze those risk factors associated with COVID-19 and with the antecedent human acute respiratory syndrome-causing viruses, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. We hypothesize that the structural similarities of the three viruses predict a similarity in the profile of high-risk patients. Several pathophysiological patterns have been detected to support this theory.
Au carrefour des internationalismes
Authors: Di Donato Michele
Published: August 2021

À partir d’une étude de cas centrée sur le Parti socialiste français, cet article a pour but de contribuer aux débats sur l’histoire des internationalismes. En analysant l’expérience des rencontres des partis socialistes d’Europe du Sud convoquées par le PS de François Mitterrand en 1975 et 1976, il met en lumière les chevauchements et les entrelacements entre les différentes sphères et échelles de la coopération internationale : l’internationalisme des socialistes, la diplomatie des États, la coopération européenne et transatlantique. Il vise à démontrer que cet épisode représente un moment important dans un processus d’« apprentissage de l’international ». À sa suite, le PS est amené à mettre en question son approche fondée sur la primauté de la politique intérieure et à se poser de façon plus concrète le problème des compatibilités internationales de sa politique.
New Realities for NATO's Modern Nuclear Policy
Authors: Guchua Alika Alika
Published: August 2021

The role and importance of nuclear weapons in modern international security are growing steadily at the present time. The key actors in global politics are trying to further develop nuclear weapons and improve their technologies. Against this background, the role and importance of the North Atlantic alliance is growing. The chapter discusses NATO's new nuclear policy and approaches to nuclear non-proliferation. The topic will discuss the risks, threats, and challenges facing NATO and the world in the field of nuclear security and the nuclear safety factor in global security amid asymmetric threats. The North Atlantic alliance was able to maintain peace and stability in the Euro-Atlantic region in the field of strategic security and stability, which, in turn, is quite active in the context of global security. The document will also discuss key aspects of NATO's nuclear policy in the modern era and the mechanisms of nuclear deterrence. The chapter will also discuss the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty agreement canceled and New Start agreement.
NATO's Strategic Culture
Authors: Bhattacharya Ipshita
Published: August 2021

The aim of this chapter is to underscore the historical perspectives that led to the focus on the surfacing of new strategic concepts and to critically analyse them and to examine the current reforms and its relevancy on logical basis. The chapter will probe into new strategic reforms with a critical approach. The chapter will hence not singularly aim to contextualize the transformations in strategic concepts but also probe for critical analysis and its congruence and aptness to the contemporary world.
Non-State Actors and Weapons of Mass Destruction
Authors: Maisaia Vakhtang
Published: August 2021

The Black Sea currently has been becoming a stunning and dangerous spot in confrontation between the Russian Federation and the USA. The confrontation caused fragmentation in the geostrategic equilibrium and balance of power between NATO and the Russian Federation in the Black Sea Region, and considering flexing muscles, including with strategic armament, the “New Cold War” scenario's ramifications could stagger regional geopolitics into the most dramatic wargame arena. Moreover, in conjunction with traditional military threats mentioned above are coming out on the scene so-called “non-traditional” military threats – international terrorism, drug smuggling and drug cartel activation, aggressive separatism, violent non-state actors, etc. Hence, the situation in aegis of the wider Black Sea region includes areas such as MENA, Caucasus-Caspian, and South-East Europe with involvement of non-state actors (like Al-Qaida, DAESH, and even Taliban). This could increase the geopolitical stalemate with inclusion of WMD elements (notable biological agents and so-called “dirty bombs”).
Characterization of Indonesia Decellularized Liver Cubes Scaffold using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Dewi A.A. Ayu Asri Prima , Antarianto Radiana D. , Pawitan Jeanne Adiwinata
Published: August 2021

Liver biological scaffold was developed in order to resemble native liver tissue environment. It can be achieved by decellularizing native liver tissue that will remove cells and preserve extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, ECM fibers are arranged in a special pattern, which affect liver cell polarity and topography that are important for cells’ implantation, proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate liver cube scaffold topography that was decellularized with fixed multiple sites syringe injection (Indonesia patent number: S00201907930).Rat liver cubes (n=3) underwent decellularization with Ethylene Glycol Tetraacetic Acid (EGTA) immersion and increased Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) concentrations using previous multiple sites syringe injection protocol study. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) concentrations were measured to confirm less DNA materials remaining in scaffolds. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis of scaffolds were conducted for topographic characterization compared to undecellularized liver control. Molecular analysis of DNA concentration showed complete removal of DNA material. SEM analysis gave appearance of intact liver cube scaffold microarchitecture. Liver cubes decellularization using multiple sites syringe injection showed good topographic liver scaffold characterization.
Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis on Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Bovine Teeth Scaffold Composites for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Sari Desi Sandra , Latief Fourier Dzar Eljabbar , Ferdiansyah  , Sudiana Ketut , Rantam Fedik Abdul
Published: August 2021

The tissue engineering approach for periodontal tissue regeneration using a combination of stem cells and scaffold has been vastly developed. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) seeded with Bovine Teeth Scaffold (BTSc) can repair alveolar bone damage in periodontitis cases. The alveolar bone regeneration process was analyzed by micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) to observe the structure of bone growth and to visualize the scaffold in 3-Dimensional (3D). The purpose of this study is to analyze alveolar bone regeneration by µ-CT following the combination of MSCs and bovine teeth scaffold (MSCs-BTSc) implantation in the Wistar rat periodontitis model. Methods. MSCs were cultured from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells of rats. BTSc was taken from bovine teeth and freeze-dried with a particle size of 150-355 µm. MSCs were seeded on BTSc for 24 hours and transplanted in a rat model of periodontitis. Thirty-five Wistar rats were made as periodontitis models with LPS induction fromP. gingivalisinjected to the buccal section of interproximal gingiva between the first and the second mandibular right-molar teeth for six weeks. There were seven groups (control group, BTSc group on day 7, BTSc group on day 14, BTSc group on day 28, MSCs-BTSc group on day 7, MSCs-BTSc group on day 14, MSCs-BTSc group on day 28). The mandibular alveolar bone was analyzed and visualized in 3D with µ-CT to observe any new bone growth. Statistical Analysis. Group data were subjected to the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney (p <0.05). The µ-CT qualitative analysis shows a fibrous structure, which indicates the existence of new bone regeneration. Quantitative analysis of the periodontitis model showed a significant difference between the control model and the model with the alveolar bone resorption (p <0.05). The bone volume and density measurements revealed that the MSCs-BTSc group on day 28 formed new bone compared to other groups (p <0.05). Administration of MSCs-BTSc combination has the potential to form new alveolar bone.
Parameter Identification of Lorenz System with Incomplete Information: Case of One Known and Two Unknown Functions
Authors: Shatalov Michael Y. , Surulere Samuel A. , Phadime Lilies M. , Mthombeni Thomson T.
Published: August 2021

In the present paper, which is the continuation of the previous one, the problem of parameter identification of the Lorenz system is solved in assumption that only one of three functions is known at discrete time instants on finite time initial time interval. Two other functions are assumed to be unknown. The regular methods of guess values determination of the unknown parameters are developed. They are based on the Lagrange multiplier and auxiliary parameters approaches. A novel method of initial value problem solution is proposed in which the abovementioned guess values are used for more accurate estimation of the system parameters. It is demonstrated that the proposed IVP method simultaneously solves three different tasks: the problem of function interpolation from its discrete values on the initial time interval; the problem of unknown functions reconstruction on the same time interval, and the problem of extrapolation of all functions on limited time interval. It is also shown that the proposed method reconstructs the Lorenz attractor from limited data volume and data including random components.
Properties Improvement of Spark Plasma Sintered Ti-7Al-1Mo Ternary Alloy by TiN Nanoparticles Addition
Authors: Jeje Samson Olaitan , Shongwe Mxolisi Brendon , Rominiyi Azeez Lawan , Olubambi Peter Apata
Published: August 2021

Titanium (Ti) alloys are materials of interest in structural and chemical applications due to their low density, outstanding mechanical and chemical resistance properties. However, the mechanical properties still need to be enhanced to make them suitable as a replacement for Ni-based superalloys. There have been significant breakthroughs in the reinforcement of Ti alloy with a small weight percentage (wt.%) of ceramics. This work investigates the effect of TiN nanoparticles’ addition on the densification, phase transformation, microstructure, hardness, and compressive properties of Ti-7Al-1Mo ternary alloy. 3 wt.% of TiN nanoparticles was blended with Ti-7Al-1Mo powder, and the resulting admixed powder was consolidated via spark plasma sintering technique at 50 MPa pressure, 10 min holding time, and 1000 °C temperature. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry were used to characterise the microstructure and phase composition respectively. The microstructure of Ti-7Al-1Mo revealed a lamellar structure with alpha (α) phase and minor beta (β) phase with visible grain boundaries, while TiN reinforced Ti-7Al-1Mo composite microstructure shows a bimodal structure with reduction in the lamellar structure. Ti-7Al-1Mo ternary alloy has a hardness value of 352±17 HV0.1 and a compressive yield strength of 985±31 MPa. The composite shows an increment of 74 HV and 323 MPa in its hardness and compressive yield strength respectively in comparison to the ternary alloy.
Malliavin Calculus and the Optimal Weighting Function in a Pure Jump Lévy Setting
Authors: Mhlanga Farai Julius
Published: August 2021

The paper is devoted to the problem of obtaining weighting functions for the Greeks of an option price written on a stock whose dynamics are of pure jump type. The problem is motivated by the work of Fourni\'e et al. [8, 9], who considered the price sensitivities of a frictionless market and proved that Greeks can be computed as the expectation of the product of the discounted payoff $\Phi$ and a suitable weighted function, i.e.Greek = E[Φ(XT)weight]. Since the weighting functions are random variables that need to be explicitly computed on each specific case, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions to be satisfied. The method used relied on the Malliavin calculus for Levy processes.
Preparation and Characterization of Electrosprayed Nanoparticles containing Ethyl Maltol Flavor
Authors: Eltayeb Megdi
Published: August 2021

In this study, electrospraying is used to prepare electrosprayed multicomponent nanoparticles of ethylcellulose and stearic acid entrapping ethyl maltol. Electrospraying nanoparticles produced were ≤100 nm diameter and narrow size distribution (polydispersity index 0.26) is achieved. The ethyl maltol entrapment efficiency and yield were approximately 88% and 76%, respectively. The presence of ethyl maltol flavor within the polymeric electrosprayed nanoparticles was shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of the electrosprayed multicomponent nanoparticles generated was studied by transmission electron microscopy.
Experimental Investigation on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cemented Soils Admixed with Saturated GAC
Authors: Uchaipichat Anuchit
Published: August 2021

This research investigated the compressive strength of cemented soils admixed with saturated granular activated carbon (GAC). The saturated GAC was obtained from the water filtration system. A series of unconfined compressive strength was performed on both compacted soil-cement specimens and compacted soil-GAC-cement specimens with GAC content of 30 percent. All specimens were prepared by compaction with energy equivalent to the modified Proctor test. The results from modified Proctor tests showed that the maximum dry unit weight and the optimum moisture content of soil-GAC sample was less than those of soil sample. From the unconfined compression tests, there was tiny development of strength for both types of specimens with cement content of 1 percent throughout the curing period of 28 days. For both types of specimens with cement content of 2 and 3 percent, the significant development of strength occurred after curing for 3 days. The strength of specimens typically increased with increasing cement content. Generally, the strength of compacted soil-GAC-cement specimens was less than that of compacted soil- cement specimens. It was also observed that the relationships between normalized compressive strength ratio and curing period was unique for the specimens with the same cement content.
Strength of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Cement Mortar Composites with Variable Water/Cement Ratio
Authors: Nikoloutsopoulos Nikolaos D. , Nikolopoulou Sofia P. , Pandermarakis Zacharias G.
Published: August 2021

For cement mortars the reinforcement techniques by randomly distributed short fibers, contribute highly to their micro-cracking stabilization and to improvement of their flexibility and tensile strength. Among the wide different types of short fiber reinforcement that have been used in the past for mortars, those made of steel, polymers and natural fibers dominate the area. It is a common sense that the reinforcement of mortars by polypropylene fibers (PP) is considered a very efficient method for reducing their curing shrinkage and enhanced toughness and strength of un-reinforced cemented material. In this study, PP fiber reinforced mortars were prepared with specific composition but with variable water to cement (W/C) ratio and appropriate superplasticizer amounts. For all mixtures their workability, air content and flexural and compressive strengths were measured. In conclusion it can be stated that even though W/C ratio of mortars is varied considerably, and also do their mechanical response, it is possible by appropriate mixture designing, for all studied compositions to produce suitable mortars that can be used successfully in a wide range of demands and applications, achieving high mortar strengths and ideal workability behavior.
Beyond nostalgia in the search for identity: Black liberation theology and the politics of reconciliation
Authors: Solomons Demaine J.
Published: August 2021

Practitioners of Black liberation theology often reflect on the emergence of this theological expression by means of a nostalgic launch into the past, seeking ways to address some of today’s most pressing concerns. In this sense, much of what is known about Black liberation theology, including its identity, is premised on how we engage with nostalgia. However, the problem with the rendering of history through a nostalgic lens is our propensity to populate this reality with half-truths; in the process, we present an idealised version of events, sometimes ignoring the objective facts at our disposal. This is most evident in the tendency to look back at the ‘best’ of the past whilst comparing it with the ‘worst’ of the present.Contribution: The purpose of this contribution is not to focus narrowly on what Black liberation theology (or its practitioners) has done well because this has limited value. Instead, a more productive undertaking necessarily includes what the late Vuyani Vellem refers to when he asks the question: ‘What lessons has Black theology not learned?’ Often regarded in binary terms, liberation and reconciliation as root metaphors in Black theological thought provide a framework through which practitioners are challenged anew to reflect on some of South Africa’s most pressing concerns.
Imago Dei: We are but dust and shadow
Authors: Rabie-Boshoff Annelien C. , Buitendag Johan
Published: August 2021

This article is about the imago Dei, proceeding from an ecotheological perspective. Both the ‘image of God’ and the ‘likeness of God’ are examined based on the understanding that God is a relational God. It approaches the question of the imago Dei in terms of God’s incorporeal nature, and what it is that human beings have in common with God apart from the human being’s capacity for personal and interpersonal relationships. It addresses the question of the imago Dei in terms of God’s spiritual nature and the human being’s ‘earthly’ nature by utilising the metaphor of ‘shadow’. This metaphor was investigated in terms of its meaning in Hebrew (tselem), and Genesis 2:7–8 where the creation of the human being is described in terms of God breathing the breath of life into the human being. A distinction has been drawn between the ‘image of God’ and the ‘likeness of God’, with the ‘likeness of God’ (demuth) that was investigated in the context of Exodus 31:1–5, and the various spiritual gifts conferred to Bezalel by the Spirit of God. Based on this investigation the article posits that the imago Dei as the Shadow of God (life) has been bestowed on all living creatures and not only human beings.Contribution: The suggestion that the imago Dei as the Shadow of God is present in all of the creation urges us to seek further and look deeper into the issue of imago Dei in the sense that such an understanding pointedly has far-reaching implications for the current understanding of the place of human beings in creation. In consideration of this, it bears on our understanding of the meaning of life within the bigger picture of creation and how we respond to the living environment with which we share life.
Massive Transfusion in Cesarean Section Patients with Placenta Accreta
Authors: Setyawan Noverio Haris , Permana Septian Adi
Published: August 2021

Placenta accreta in cesarean section presents problem for an anesthesiologist. It may cause massive bleeding which is usually managed with massive transfusion. In this case series, we report cases of placenta accreta patients undergoing cesarean section managed with massive transfusion. A retrospective case series review of patients diagnosed with placenta accreta undergoing cesarean section with massive bleeding and massive transfusion was conducted between April 2018 and March 2019 in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital using the medical record data. A total of five patients with placenta accreta underwent cesarean section, and massive bleeding as well as massive transfusion was identified. Hysterectomy was performed at the time of cesarean section in all cases. All patients underwent general anesthesia, had central venous catheter, and required massive transfusion. Patients were transferred to the intensive care unit postoperatively. There were no transfusion reactions and maternal death.
Herpes Zoster Co-Infection with COVID-19
Authors: Altaf Irfan
Published: August 2021

Clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection can be variable in the current pandemic even in patients presenting to the clinic with a mild history of upper respiratory complaints. Various cutaneous manifestations have been noticed in COVID-19 patients with herpes zoster (HZ) being one among them. HZ is an infection that results when varicella zoster virus reactivates from its latent state in the posterior dorsal root ganglion. Here, we aim to expand our knowledge by reporting three cases of associated zoster infection in COVID-19 patients admitted to our intensive care unit in view of respiratory complaints. All the three patients admitted, had revealed lymphocytopenia at the time of HZ diagnosis, and were managed conservatively throughout the course. In all the cases, acyclovir/valacyclovir led to the resolution of lesions in 10 days. No postherpetic sequelae were observed. We here suggest that the clinical presentation of HZ at the time of the current pandemic should be considered as an alarming sign for a latent subclinical SARS CoV-2 infection and thorough follow-up of such patients be adopted.
Dexamethasone 5 mg Versus Dexmedetomidine 20 μg as Adjuvants to 0.5% Levobupivacaine and 2% Lidocaine for Peribulbar Block Anesthesia
Authors: Asmar Ady , Salahuddin Andi , Rum M. , Hisbullah  , Ahmad M. Ramli , Zulkarnain  , Tan Charles Wijaya
Published: August 2021

Background:

The addition of adjuvants to local anesthetics in the peribulbar block might be a method to elevate block quality. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of peribulbar local anesthesia adjuvants using dexmedetomidine 20 mcg and dexamethasone 5 mg.

Patients and Methods:

This study was a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Patients were divided into three groups who received peribulbar group: Group C (4 ml of levobupivacaine 0.5% and 4 ml of 2% lidocaine added with 1 ml of normal saline), Group D (4 ml of levobupivacaine 0.5% and 4 ml of 2% lidocaine added with 1 ml of dexamethasone 5 mg), and Group M (received 4 ml of levobupivacaine 0.5% and 4 ml of 2% lidocaine added with 1 ml of dexmedetomidine 20 mcg). Sensory and motor block onsets and durations were assessed.

Results:

There were 42 patients included. The sensory block onset was 70.7 s in Group M and the slowest in Group C (152.1 s). The longest sensory block duration was found in Group D (259.3 min) and the shortest in Group C (143.2 min).

Conclusion:

Dexamethasone 5 mg adjuvant affected sensory block onset, sensory, and motor block duration but did not affect motor block onset, while dexmedetomidine 20 mcg adjuvant affected sensory and motor block onsets as well as sensory and motor block durations.
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score at Presentation Predict Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Prasetyo Arief , Salam Syamsul Hilal , Gaus Syafruddin , Nurdin Haizah , Muchtar Muhammad Faisal , Syukur Rusmin Bolo
Published: August 2021

Background:

A scoring system to predict patient's prognosis may aid clinicians in deciding patient's treatment continuation. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score in predicting mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit (ICU).

Patients and Methods:

This retrospective observational study included the data from medical records of critically ill patients from April to November 2020. The collected data were patient's identity, age, gender, comorbid, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, temperature, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, hematocrit, leukocyte, natrium, kalium, serum creatinine, blood pH, PaO2 level, and history of organ insufficiency or immunocompromised within 24 h after ICU admission. Patient's outcome (survival and nonsurvival) was recorded.

Results:

A total of 120 patients were included in the study. APACHE II score was significantly higher in nonsurvival compared to survival group (19.12 vs. 12.33; P < 0.001). The area under curve value was 0.955 (P < 0.001) which indicated APACHE II score as a good predictive value for mortality. The cutoff value of the APACHE II score for mortality prediction in this study was 15, with sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction value, negative prediction value, and accuracy of 94%, 79.4%, 80.6%, 94.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. GCS score, heart rate, age, and serum kalium level were related to mortality.

Conclusion:

The APACHE II score is reliable in predicting mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients in ICU.
Assessment of the Effect of Nutrition on Academic Performance in Primary School Students in Dangriga Belize
Authors: Onyia Emmanuela Ngozi , Onyia Austine U. , Udensi Udensi K.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Malnutrition is a serious problem among children in developing countries and undernutrition negatively affects child development and academic performance.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done in six primary schools in Dangriga, Stann Creek Region of Belize, involving children (5–12 years) to assess malnutrition prevalence and determine if there is a relationship between nutritional status and academic performance. About 353 students were surveyed at a confidence level of 95%, with a 5% margin of error. Mathematics and English scores were recorded and compared between the groups.

Results:

A positive relationship was found between weight for age Z-scores and English and Mathematics; Height for age Z-scores with English.

Conclusion:

This study did not establish a conclusive positive relationship between several indicators of students' nutritional status and academic performance in English and Mathematics.
Effect of Night Shiftwork on Lipid Profile, Hematological, and Immunoinflammatory Parameters in Adult Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Dissi Mahdi Gambo , Ibrahim Salisu Ahmed , Tanko Yusuf , Mohammed Aliyu
Published: August 2021

Background:

Adverse health outcomes of night shiftwork (NSW) have been reported from observational studies but interventional researches mimicking NSW are dearth. This study aimed to simulate NSW and investigate its effect on lipid profile, hematological, and immunoinflammatory parameters in adult male Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:

Sixteen male Wistar rats aged between 8 and 10 weeks, weighing 100 g ± 12 g were equally and randomly divided into control and NSW groups. Night shift-work group was sleep restricted and exposed to light at night for 6 weeks. Lipids were analyzed using their respective Randox kits and chemistry Autoanalyser (mindry Ba-88a). Full blood count was done using an Automated Hematology analyzer (Mindray BC-10) and CD 4+ T-cells were estimated using an automated Partec Cyflow counter. Data were analyzed using SPSS V20.0 and summarized using mean ± standard error of means. Student's t-test was used to investigate differences between the groups and P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:

The results demonstrated NSW rats to exhibit trends toward lower high-density lipoprotein, higher triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and lipid ratios compared to controls (P > 0.05). In addition, NSW group exhibited significant reduction in total WBC count, marginal decrease in CD4+ T-cells, and absolute lymphopenia. In addition, while erythrothrombotic parameters of the two groups appeared statistically similar, platelets-to-lymphocytes ratio is slightly higher and red cell distribution width coefficient is significantly lower in the NSW group.

Conclusion:

The present study has demonstrated the potentials of night shiftwork to increase atherogenic lipids, lower cardioprotective lipids, impair immunological competence and increase systemic inflammation in male Wistar rats. These finding have highlighted the need for extensive research effort in order to fully understand mechanisms through which NSW affect immunoinflammation, metabolic and cardiovascular health.
Battery Terminology
Authors:   Battery Terminology Committee
Published: August 2021

This document contains definitions currently used in the automotive industry as they relate to energy storage and batteries for starting, lighting, and ignition applications, as well as for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric vehicles (EVs). It is intended that this document be a resource for those writing other battery, HEV, and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices. The use of the term “battery” in this document can be assumed to be a rechargeable battery (secondary battery). The terminology may be applied to other industries if desired.
Макроэкономика: теория и практика:
Authors: Khamidov Obidzhon , Shaikan Andrii , Mamanazarov Abdukhakim , Hushko Serhii , Kulishov Volodymyr , Salikhov Saidamir
Published: August 2021

В учебнике отражены основные теоретические проблемы макроэкономического анализа. Учебник носит системный характер и составлен по нормативной программе курса «Макроэкономика», которая читается студентам экономических специальностей. Обеспечивает использование полного комплекса основных методов обучения: словесного, наглядного и практического. Главы учебника содержат схемы, таблицы, терминологический словарь, формулы, расчёты, тесты, проблемные ситуации, практические задачи и методику их решения. Это позволяет студентам лучше усвоить учебный материал или самостоятельно овладеть им. Рассчитано на преподавателей, студентов и аспирантов факультетов и отделений экономического направления. Может быть использован в системе последипломного образования, переподготовки и повышения квалификации практических работников. Может быть полезным для учащихся академических лицеев, колледжей экономического профиля, а также для всех, кто интересуется экономикой и делает первые шаги в её изучении.
Composição mineral do caule e raízes do maracujazeiro azedo sob deficiências nutricionais múltiplas
Authors: Coelho Viviane Amaral Toledo , Souza Carla Giselly de , Nascimento Ednardo de Souza , Lacerda Luiza Gobira , Cardoso Patrícia Alves
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a nutrição mineral do caule e das raízes  do maracujazeiro azedo sob deficiências simples e múltiplas, em solução nutritiva. O  experimento foi realizado em casa-de-vegetação do Departamento de Ciência do Solo da  UFLA, Lavras, MG. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi os blocos casualizados com  nove tratamentos e três repetições, em solução nutritiva baseada na solução de Hoagland  e Arnon (1950). Os tratamentos foram: solução nutritiva completa (controle), soluções  nutritivas com omissões individuais de Ca, Mg B, Mn e Zn, e as omissões múltiplas de  BZn, CaB e MnMg. As plantas foram selecionadas quanto à uniformidade de tamanho da  parte aérea e das raízes e, então, individualizadas em vasos plásticos com capacidade de  três litros, constituindo, assim, cada vaso uma parcela experimental. Após a manifestação  dos sintomas visuais de deficiência, as plantas dos tratamentos foram colhidas e,  posteriormente, foi realizada a análise química das diferentes partes das plantas. O estado  nutricional (teores e acúmulos) do caule e das raízes de maracujazeiro azedo são afetados  quando ocorre deficiências nutricionais simples e múltiplas. Os teores nutricionais  caulinares de maracujazeiro azedo do tratamento completo são (g.kg-1): N 23,50; P 3,13;  K 11,60; Ca 6,92; Mg 1,81; S 1,37; e (mg.kg-1) B 12,61; Cu 0,08; Fe 75,22; Mn 0,67; Zn  1,39. Os teores nutricionais radiculares de maracujazeiro azedo do tratamento completo  são (g.kg-1): N 15,07; P 9,48; K 27,20; Ca 16,59; Mg 5,64; S 2,63; e (mg.kg-1) B 17,21;  Cu 1,66; Fe 1560,20; Mn 13,60; Zn 29,47.
Teores nutricionais de macronutrientes nas hastes, rizoma e raízes de gengibre ornamental sob deficiências de macronutrientes e boro
Authors: Souza Carla Giselly de , Coelho Viviane Amaral Toledo , Nascimento Ednardo de Souza , Lacerda Luiza Gobira , Cardoso Patrícia Alves
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os teores e acúmulos de macronutrientes em gengibre ornamental sob deficiências nutricionais de macronutrientes e boro. O experimento foi realizado na casa de vegetação do Departamento Ciência do Solo, na Universidade Federal de Lavras (MG). As plantas foram propagadas via sementes e germinadas em bandeja com 72 células individualizadas, usando vermiculita. Trinta dias após a germinação, as mudas foram transferidas para solução nutritiva completa. Após 60 dias de adaptação, foram transplantadas em vasos de 6 litros e aplicaram-se os tratamentos. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos: Solução de Bolle-Jones (controle), solução completa com exceção de N, solução completa com exceção de P, solução completa com exceção de K, solução completa com exceção de Ca, solução completa com exceção de Mg, solução completa com exceção de S e solução completa com exceção de B. As plantas foram monitoradas quanto ao aparecimento dos sintomas de deficiência nutricional, por 180 dias. A colheita foi realizada separando-as em folhas, hastes, rizoma e raízes. As deficiências nutricionais causam alterações nos teores e nos acúmulos das diferentes partes da planta. Os teores de P, K Ca, Mg e S encontrados nas hastes de gengibre ornamental no tratamento completo são (g kg-1): 8,11; 26,40; 5,51; 4,13 e 1,84. Os teores de P, K Ca, Mg e S encontrados no rizoma de gengibre ornamental no tratamento completo são (g kg-1): 6,30; 23,0; 5,63; 3,59 e 3,03. Os teores de P, K Ca, Mg e S encontrados nas raízes de gengibre ornamental no tratamento completo são (g kg-1) 15,86; 14,40; 394; 4,14 e 4,96.