bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultuurstelsel kopi Mandailing: antara aroma, derita kerja paksa, dan jalan raya
Authors: Sugandi Rafid , Hakim Lukmanul , Erasiah Erasiah
Published: July 2024

This research reveals the history of Cultuurstelsel in Mandailing. The problems are the history of Cultuurstelsel, the practice of forced labor, and the construction of roads. The method used is the historical method. The stages of the historical method are source collection, source criticism, interpretation, and writing. The results showed that the coffee Cultuurstelsel (forced planting system) in Mandailing began in 1841 AD. The Mandailing coffee forced planting system is successful and dominates the world market. Mandailing coffee is the best quality coffee in the world. It is exported to America and Europe. The forced planting of Mandailing coffee and the delivery of coffee from Mandailing to Natal caused many residents to suffer, especially the laborers (coffee transporters). To speed up and multiply the slow coffee transportation, the Natal roadway was built, which was inaugurated by Van Swieten in March 1851 AD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan Cultuurstelsel di Mandailing. Permasalahannya ialah sejarah Cultuurstelsel, praktik kerja paksa, dan pembangunan jalan raya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah. Tahapan metode sejarah yaitu pengumpulan sumber, kritik sumber, penafsiran dan penulisan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Cultuurstelsel (sistem tanam paksa) kopi di Mandailing telah dimulai pada 1841 M. Sistem tanam paksa kopi Mandailing berhasil dan merajai komoditi ekspor pasar dunia terutama, Amerika dan Eropa. Kopi Mandailing “Mandheling Coffee” dinobatkan sebagai kopi dengan kualitas terbaik di dunia. Dalam prosesnya kopi dari Mandailing diangkut ke pelabuhan Natal, Padang, dan ke Eropa. Eksploitasi manusia secara paksa selama tanam paksa kopi Mandailing dan pengiriman kopi dari Mandailing ke Natal menyebabkan banyak penduduk yang menderita, terutama para buruh (pengangkut kopi). Oleh karena itu, untuk mempercepat dan memperbanyak pengangkutan kopi sebelumnya berjalan lambat, maka dibangunlah jalan raya Natal (penghubung dari Mandailing ke Natal) yang diresmikan oleh Van Swieten pada bulan Maret 1851 M.
The Secret Garden of Pakisjajar: Pengembangan Desa Wisata Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Amiq Fahrial , Angga Prayogi Dwina
Published: July 2024

Berbagai potensi yang dimiliki oleh Desa Pakisjajar tentunya dapat menjadi satu lokasi yang memungkinkan untuk dikembangkan sebagai objek wisata. Salah satu potensi yang dapat dikembangkan di Desa Pakisjajar adalah adanya enam sumber mata air yang cukup melimpah. Kegiatan pengandian kepada masyarakat dilakukan dengan pendekatan dengan memberikan kesempatan seluas-luasnya dan mengajak masyarakat Desa Pakisjajar untuk berperan serta secara aktif dalam proses pembangunan, pengembangan dan mewujudkan desa wisata yang berbasis alam. Terdapat tiga tahapan yang dilakukan pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, yaitu (1) penggalian informasi dan analisis kebutuhan; (2) penyusunan desain perencanaan; dan (3) perbaikan aksesibilitas. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dikonstruksi dalam bentuk analisis kebutuhan sebagai dasar membuat rencana, rancangan atau desain tiga dimensi yang dapat dijadikan rencana induk pengembangan lokasi wisata di desa Pakisjajar dan menghasilkan prasarana berupa jalan (aksesibilitas) sebagai salah satu prasyarat dasar dalam pengembangan desa wisata. Adanya pengembangan kepariwisataan berbasis masyarakat pada kegiatan ini telah menjadikan sumber daya lokal dengan segala potensi yang dimiliki untuk dikelola secara swadaya guna peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Desa Pakisjajar. Kata kunci— Desa wisata, Pengembangan desa, Kearifan lokal Abstract  The various potentials of Pakisjajar village can certainly be a location that allows it to be developed as a tourist attraction. The potentials that can be developed in Pakisjajar village is the existence of six springs which are quite abundant. Community service activities are carried out with an approach by providing the widest opportunity and inviting the Pakisjajar village community to participate actively in the process of development, development and realizing a nature-based tourism village. There are three stages carried out in this community service activity, namely (1) extracting information and analyzing needs; (2) preparation of planning designs; and (3) accessibility improvements. The results of this community service activity are constructed in the form of a needs analysis as a basis for making plans, designs or three-dimensional designs that can be used as a master plan for the development of tourist sites in Pakisjajar village and produce infrastructure in the form of roads (accessibility) as one of the basic prerequisites in developing a tourist village. The existence of community-based tourism development in this activity has made local resources with all their potential to be managed independently in order to improve the welfare of the community in Pakisjajar Village. Keywords— Village-based tourism, Village Development, Local Wisdom
Arrangement analysis of the Chinese learner’s dictionaries in Malaysia
Authors: Ho Wee Chee , Chan Jie Yan , Chong Pei Qi , Neo Yee Feng , Lee Chi Heng
Published: July 2024

With the growing numbers of Chinese language learners in Malaysia, Chinese language is getting more and more important. The importance and usage of Chinese learner’s dictionaries have also been revealed. However, there are still room for improvement on the development of Chinese learner’s dictionaries in Malaysia. Therefore, this article compared and analyzed the arrangement of structure and definition of four existing Chinese learner’s dictionaries in Malaysia. The comparative analysis in this article were divided into two parts: 1) comparison and analysis of the structural arrangement, and 2) comparison and analysis of the definition arrangement. The items of structural arrangement comparison included: table of contents, preface, instruction, abbreviation table, copyright page, radical index, index, appendix, and reference materials. The items of definition arrangement comparison included: vocabulary, sentence examples, Hanyu Pinyin, Chinese characters’ stroke order, HSK related vocabularies, and pictures. At the end of this research, a suggestion on the structural and definition arrangement of the Chinese learner’s dictionary is provided based on the analysis results.
Analysis on the condition and function of the “Ba” construction into the Bare-verb
Authors: Shi Shaojie
Published: July 2024

The  construction of "Ba" has always been one of the focus of modern Chinese research. This is not only because it is complicated and diverse in structure, but also is closely related to the semantic relationship expressed. This article analysis Bare-verb which  can enter  “Ba” construction, explore the scenario of the application of the sentence, and think about the teaching practice of the structure for the application scenario. This study  divided Bare-verb into single syllables, two-syllables and multi-syllables Bare-verb according to syllables. By analyzing, the single syllables of Bare-verb must have the condition of rhetoric; the  two-syllables of  bare-verbs must have removal, completion and continuous righteousness. The multi-syllables of Bare-verb appear in the form of "-hua". The conclusion is that this type of Bare-verb will appear in prayer sentences, negative sentences, doubts, and compound sentences, and the sentence pattern has the asymmetric and enhanced language function.
Errors in Writing the Sequence of the Letters 汉字 [hànzì] by Class XI IBB Students at SMA Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo
Authors: Habibatul Karimah Erina , Bukhori Herri Akhmad , Mardasari Octi Rjeky
Published: July 2024

Writing 汉字 [hànzì] has a fairly high level of difficulty because it has rules for writing in the letters. Students rarely write the letters 汉字 [hànzì] according to the rules for writing the stroke order. This study aims to describe the forms of errors in writing the stroke order of the letters 汉字 [hànzì] by students of class XI IBB SMA Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo and describe the factors that cause errors in writing the stroke order of letters 汉字 [hànzì]. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The research instruments used were tests and questionnaires filled in by 22 students of class XI IBB SMA Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. The results show that students still make many mistakes when writing the letters [hànzì], especially in the order of the strokes. Factors that cause students to make mistakes are because students have not mastered the material related to writing the letters 汉字 [hànzì], students have not been able to distinguish between basic and compound strokes, forget the order of writing the letters 汉字 [hànzì], lack of concentration and thoroughness when working on questions.
Exploration of Chinese Synonym Learning Methods for Indonesian Students
Authors: Mardasari Octi Rjeky
Published: July 2024

It is well known that the richness of Chinese vocabulary is unrivaled, including Chinese synonyms. The highly developed performance of the Chinese language can be seen in the synonyms of the Chinese language. Learning Chinese synonyms is simple but complex, and requires us to understand the nuances between them and be good at recognizing them so that we can use them accurately. Through the experience of learning and teaching, this paper finds that Indonesian students often encounter difficulties with Chinese synonyms. In addition, through the short time of this paper's internship, this paper also finds that in Indonesian classroom teaching, teachers' explanation of synonyms is not clear and to the point. This time, this paper tries to suggest some pedagogical methods for Chinese teachers to teach synonyms. This article is just a guideline, and we hope that this article can be a reference for the Chinese language teaching community.
Closed-Loop, Recyclable Plastics From Ethyl Cyanoacrylate
Authors: Christy Allison Joy
Published: July 2024

Ethyl cyanoacrylate, commonly known as super glue, has held a prominent role as an adhesive for decades due to its propensity to rapidly polymerize into poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) (PECA) under ambient conditions. Ethyl cyanoacrylate monomers and their resulting PECA polymers are bio-friendly, which has allowed them to be used as medical adhesives and to be applied to drug delivery systems. However, PECA has not been used as a plastic material due to the perceived difficulty of handling the ethyl cyanoacrylate monomer. Here, we present a novel PECA plastic that displays thermal stability and tensile strength values that are comparable to atactic poly(styrene) (PS). The high-molecular weight, low-PDI polymer is produced in high yields via a one-pot synthesis under ambient conditions. The PECA plastic can easily be recycled via depolymerization by thermal cracking that allows for the collection of pure monomer. Variation of the pure PECA using spontaneous copolymerization with vinyl comonomers produced new bulk plastic materials that mimic the properties of a range of other kinds of plastics, including silicone elastomers, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and high and low-density poly(ethylene) (HDPE & LDPE). This bio-friendly PECA plastic may be a good replacement for traditional non-recyclable, petroleum based plastics, particularly because the monomer already is produced on commercial scale.
The Cost of Public Mistrust
Authors: Dey Austin
Published: July 2024

This thesis examines how mass shootings indirectly impact residential home values across the United States. I hand-collected data on internet search interests around 15 mass shooting events from 2012 to 2019 to measure public concern over mass shootings. Using an event study, I estimate the causal effects of shootings on home values in outlying areas over three years. The results indicate a significant negative relationship between mass shootings and home values two years after an event. This thesis demonstrates that the consequences of mass shootings are not confined to affected areas but have lasting nationwide impacts that reduce economic outcomes across the country.
Perspectives on Data for Good
Authors: Gardner Kimberly M.
Published: July 2024

In policy sciences, data have traditionally been a tool used by scientists and technocrats to guide state policy. Boundaries around what counts as data generally fall along traditional understandings that data are neutral, objective, and abstracted from individual bodies and experiences. Unfortunately, this understanding of data has a history of perpetuating harmful social hierarchies and, especially in the era of “big data”, mirroring our racial and gendered prejudices (Kitchin, 2014). More recently, however, data have been claimed as a tool by a different kind of actor operating in a unique environment. These new actors, such as some police officers and citizen activists, are negotiating and redefining who is considered a data expert and what we understand data to be.

These conversations between traditional and novel understandings of data can be seen within the data for good movement, where actors from a broad range of backgrounds and training come together for the purpose of advancing some notion of social good. Given the history of data perpetuating social harms such as racial discrimination, how can these relatively new understandings of data promote the social good while avoiding data harms? Or, how can data be used to promote the social good? Using the theoretical framework of Data Feminism, the data from participant interviews suggests that shifting understandings of data rely on the emergence of the concept of embodiment. This research highlights the differences in how embodiment manifests in two dissimilar sites: Measure Austin, a non-profit advocacy organization for people of color, and the Big Data Hubs program within the National Science Foundation. The findings suggest that data for social good presents as a space where data advocates negotiate between embodied and disembodied meanings of data and where embodiment is more significant for street level bureaucracy and citizen activists.

The dissertation suggests that “embodied data” offers an alternative to the predominance of market-driven data approaches. This research ends with a discussion for how policy studies could benefit from incorporating the concept of embodiment in research related to data systems, including artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Seed Predation by Harvester Ants on Native Grasses and Forbs
Authors: Grossklaus Michaela
Published: July 2024

Vegetation restoration efforts in the sagebrush steppe to date have yielded mixed results. Although many factors contribute to variation in restoration outcomes, seed predation by harvester ants may be an important yet overlooked source of seed loss. Using a selection of grass and forb seeds commonly seeded in local restoration projects, we conducted a field experiment to evaluate whether seed species and spatial arrangement (i.e., distance of seed patches from ant colonies and from each other) affected patterns of seed consumption by Owyhee harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex salinus. To further examine the ecological factors that may affect foraging by harvester ants, we mapped the matrix of vegetation surrounding each harvester ant colony in our experiment and assessed the influences of cheatgrass, Bromus tectorum, cover and Sandberg bluegrass, Poa secunda, cover on seed removal. To provide context for ant seed preferences, we evaluated differences in metrics of seed handling and nutrient content among the seed species in our mix. We found that seeds placed closer to colonies were generally more vulnerable to predation than those placed farther away, and seeds in closely spaced patches were generally more vulnerable than seeds in widely spaced patches. However, these effects differed in strength by seed species, and there was an interaction between the distance from colonies and the distance between patches in terms of seed removal for three of the seed species in our mix. For these species (Indian ricegrass, Munro’s globe mallow, and Great Basin wildrye), the protective effect of distance between patches decreased as distance from the colony increased. Cheatgrass cover and bluegrass cover both had small protective effects on seeds, suggesting that harvester ant foraging behaviors may be shaped by local vegetation cover. We found significant differences in removal rates among the seed species; Indian ricegrass was most preferred by harvester ants, followed by Munro’s globe mallow, Great Basin wildrye, and Palmer’s penstemon. Our seed handling and nutrition data yielded no clear explanations for these preferences. Taken together, these results offer insight into the foraging ecology of harvester ants and may provide context for the implementation and success of future restoration efforts.
Picking Up Steam
Authors: Holahan Margaret
Published: July 2024

The renewed activity of the world’s tallest geyser, Steamboat Geyser (Yellowstone National Park) in 2018, offers the opportunity to utilize long-term continuous infrasound and low-frequency acoustic monitoring to quantify eruptive behaviors. Eruption parameters including onset timing, duration, phase transitions between steam and water, instantaneous sound intensity, eruptive power, energy content, and spectral character, may be used to characterize individual eruption styles and reveal eruption trends. I interpret the character of the acoustic radiation through corroboration of first-hand observations and time-lapse video. I find that infrasound (acoustic energy below 20 Hz) is a particularly effective tool for tracking the evolving eruption style of Steamboat and complements other monitoring techniques data streams including seismicity, outflow temperature, and eyewitness observations. Our experiment produced a 13-month acoustic chronology of Steamboat Geyser, consisting of 23 major eruptions and weeks of precursory minor activity.

I identify common trends in Steamboat’s eruptive behaviors. Typically, a major eruption starts with a short (< 1 hour) water-dominated phase, during which jetting of water reaches maximum elevations of 120m. Following the water phase, the eruption transitions to a steam-dominated phase that persists for over 12 hours post-eruption onset. Signal structure in the low infrasound bands (0.5 to 2 Hz) may be used to identify water-to-steam phase transitions in the eruption column. The long-term infrasound record is useful for statistical analysis of eruptions and their timing. Although median major eruption intervals are about 10 days there are some outliers. Unlike other fountain-type geysers whose plumbing system is more isolated, there does not appear to be a relationship between event duration and inter-event timing.
Multiphysics Numerical Modeling for PFAS Transport within Vadose and Saturated Zones
Authors: Iradukunda Pierrette
Published: July 2024

The extent and severity of wildfires have increased around the world, necessitating a greater understanding of the consequences of wildfire and post-fire impacts on soil and groundwater. Wildfire suppression techniques like aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) can also contaminate the soil with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which can contribute to human and environmental health concerns. PFAS are dangerous man-made chemical compounds that are persistent, mobile, poisonous, and a major cause of soil and groundwater contamination. In addition to contamination by aqueous film-forming foams, PFAS has accumulated in the environment as a result of being utilized in numerous other goods over time. PFAS are popular because of a number of physiochemical characteristics that make them beneficial in a range of products and industries, furthering their spread. There are several uncertainties about the fate and transport of PFAS in unsaturated zones, as well as how the subsurface groundwater is impacted. This is because of PFAS’s tendency for biotransformation, bioaccumulation, and partitioning, as well as persistence in the environment due to their robust C-F bond. Therefore, concerns are raised about their fate, transport, and adverse impacts on the ecosystem, people, and other biota. In this research, the fate and transport of PFAS (specifically Perfluorooctane Sulfonic acid, PFOS) in both saturated and unsaturated zones are investigated through numerical modeling using the finite-difference method.

This study investigates the effect of various transport processes (advection, diffusion, and adsorption) on the fate of PFAS in soil and groundwater. The numerical model is developed to simulate the transport of PFAS in the vadose and saturated soils. After development, the sensitivity of the model results to the spatial and temporal discretization (i.e., selection of time, dt, and space, dz) resolution was analyzed. The results demonstrate very low (less than 2%) sensitivity to dt in the range of 2 to 20 seconds (actually tested at 2, 5, 10, and 20 seconds) and to dz in the range of 0.001 to 0.02 m. (actually tested at 0.001, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075, and 0.01 m), respectively. To qualitatively test and verify the model and comprehend the fate and mobility of PFAS in both vadose and saturated zones, a number of scenarios were then explored using the model.
Men of the Forgotten War
Authors: Sauerwald Elliott D.
Published: July 2024

While the Korean War is considered America’s “Forgotten War,” the conflict offers rich insight into an unexplored facet of 1950s masculine gender constructs. This thesis examines how Korean War servicemen deviated from hegemonic masculinity by failing to live up to civilian society’s gender standards, and by unwittingly developing alternative masculinities rooted in their shared wartime experiences. Military masculinity declined after World War II in favor of masculinity centered on nuclear companionate fatherhood. The troops who fought in Korea embodied obsolete masculinity and their service garnered less prestige and public admiration compared to that of their World War II counterparts. Nevertheless, strong homosocial bonds within the military subculture became the basis for the troops’ understanding of masculinity. These masculine bonds were centered on shared experiences, suffering, and brotherly loyalty, which led to the erosion of masculine barriers related to race and sexual orientation. This in turn served to challenge the white, heteronormative masculine hegemony of the civilian world, though fell short of eradicating racism and homophobia within the military. This key piece of Korean War history and gender history has been overlooked in academia, and this thesis serves to begin filling this deficit.
Carbon/Carbon Composites for Next Generation Microvascular Solar Thermal Receivers
Authors: Zuzelski Matt
Published: July 2024

Concentrating solar power (CSP) is a method of renewable solar power generation where the sun’s radiant energy is collected by a receiver and converted into thermal energy. This thermal energy is then passed into a heat transfer fluid and either sent to thermal storage, or a steam power plant. One path to better CSP systems is improving the operational envelope of the receiver and heat transfer fluid (HTF) system by utilizing more resilient absorbing materials, different path architectures, and HTFs with higher allowable temperatures.

A new carbon/carbon composite is being developed with the potential to function as the absorbing material for a solar thermal receiver. This composite is capable of functioning at higher temperatures than current metallic receivers and could reduce the cost of the supporting structure due to its low density. This composite is readily coupled with microvascular (D < 1mm) channel structures by constructing channels with PLA and melting the plastic out at a later stage. The smaller channel diameters allow for HTF pairings that previously required excessive wall thickness such as supercritical CO2 (sCO2).

A series of computational fluid dynamics simulations have been conducted to first understand the operational limits of a single (20mm x 20mm) microscale receiver plate capable of thermal efficiency above 90%. Then, these plates are numbered up to create a full-scale receiver based on a design point from Gemasolar’s flux profile with an estimated 85.04% thermal efficiency.

The carbon/carbon composite has been characterized for its thermal, optical, and aging properties. Thermal conductivity has been measured for the composite made with both PAN-based and pitch-based fibers where the pitch-based fibers had through plane thermal conductivity 478% higher than that of the PAN-based fibers. Then, the composite underwent an accelerated aging process via cyclic aging in a high flux solar simulator and isothermal aging in a tube furnace. The optical properties were characterized for the carbon/carbon composite throughout the aging processes.
Prevalence of preeclampsia and its associated risk factors in Rajshahi region, Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Sultana Nasima , Khatun Rokeya , Shamima Mosammat Nargis , Sultana Nahid , Khatun Amina , Akhtar Rawshan , Jahan Nargis , Begum Monowara , Haque M. Jawadul , Hassan Parvez
Published: July 2024

Background: Although preeclampsia claims lives of 70,000 mothers and 500,000 newborns each year, in Bangladesh the comprehensive data-sets are not well-documented. We studied the prevalence of preeclampsia, its trend and the associated risk factors in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Methods: Using a cross-sectional longitudinal design, 90 women hospitalized with preeclampsia in 7 hospitals of Rajshahi, Bangladesh were considered in the study, of which Rajshahi medical college hospital (RMCH) is a tertiary referral hospital. The data were collected by interviewing the patients, physical examinations and analyzing patients’ pathological profile. For statistical analyses, SPSS software was employed.    
Results: During the five years (2013-2017), RMCH admitted pregnant mothers for delivery or with obstructed complications had increased from 11,523 to 17,201, leading to an increase in preeclamptic patients from 407 to 435. Its prevalence rate (3.21%) was found to be decreased linearly with time. The preeclamptic patients were of 16-40 years, averaging 25.90±0.65 years. The youngest (£20 years) preeclamptic mothers (24%) were at high risk of preeclampsia. The obese (40%) and overweight (29%) preeclamptic mothers experienced severe oedema, headache, vomiting, lower abdominal pain and hyperacidity. About three-fourths of the concerned patients were of lower socio-economic class, of which the majority was below education level 10. The majority were from joint families (58%) who took less than 2.2 L of drinking water per day.
Conclusions: The average prevalence preeclampsia rate was 3.21% that was found to decrease linearly with time. The youngest but obese (BMI of ³30 kg/m2) mothers were vulnerable for preeclampsia. Other risk factors include lower socio-economic class, less education, white complexion, joint family type and taking less amount of fluid.
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-II
Authors: Singh Himanshu , Singh Neha , Singh Dr. Swati , Gautam Vinita
Published: July 2024

"Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-II" is an indispensable guide meticulously crafted by a team of dedicated authors- Himanshu Singh, Neha Singh, Dr. Swati Singh, and Vineeta Gautam. Rooted in the latest PCI regulations for Bachelor of Pharmacy students, this comprehensive work is designed to navigate readers through the dynamic landscape of pharmaceutical sciences, with a particular focus on the advancements in natural product research and phytochemical analysis.
Key Features

Compliance with Latest PCI Regulations: Aligned with the most recent PCI guidelines, this book ensures that it meets the academic requirements for Bachelor of Pharmacy programs. Students and educators can trust its accuracy and relevance in the context of contemporary pharmaceutical education.
Holistic Coverage: "Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-II" provides a holistic exploration of natural products and phytochemistry, covering a broad spectrum of topics, from fundamental principles to cutting-edge advancements. The content seamlessly integrates theoretical concepts with practical applications, offering a well-rounded understanding of the subject.
Collaborative Expertise: With each author contributing a unique perspective and specialized knowledge, the book benefits from a rich tapestry of insights. The collaboration reflects a shared commitment to enhancing the educational experience for students and preparing them for the challenges of the pharmaceutical industry.
Bridge Between Theory and Practice: Recognizing the importance of translating theoretical knowledge into practical skills, the book serves as a bridge between academia and real-world applications. It encourages critical thinking and fosters a mindset of innovation among aspiring pharmacists.
Inspiration for Future Innovators: Beyond meeting academic requirements, "Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry IInd" aims to inspire a new generation of pharmacists to actively engage with the evolving field of natural product research and phytochemical analysis. The authors hope to cultivate a spirit of curiosity and innovation that will contribute to the ongoing progress of pharmaceutical sciences.

Conclusion
"Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-II" is more than just a textbook, it is a collaborative effort by passionate authors who seek to elevate the standard of pharmaceutical education. By offering a comprehensive and PCI-compliant resource, the book is poised to become an essential companion for Bachelor of Pharmacy students, educators, and professionals alike. As the pharmaceutical landscape continues to evolve, this guide provides a solid foundation for understanding and navigating the intricacies of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry.
WHO CNS 5 and meningiomas: What’s new?
Authors: Chakrabarti Indranil , Mazumder Sujaya
Published: July 2024

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults comprising about one-third of cases. Most of them are slow-growing and follow a benign course. However, some may behave aggressively with recurrence and even metastasis. Histopathological features have long been regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis, grading, and prognostication. Advances in genomics and molecular characteristics of meningiomas have uncovered the potential use of many biomarkers for more accurate grading and prediction of prognosis and recurrence. Precision clinical trials are needed to utilize these biomarkers for targeted therapy. The present review is a snapshot of some of these important updates in meningioma as per the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5).
Internazionale Matilde
Authors: Mondillo Mirko
Published: July 2024

Recensione di: Gabriella Romani, Ursula Fanning & Katharine Mitchell (a cura di), Matilde Serao. International Profile, Reception and Networks, Paris, Classiques Garnier, 2022, 264 pp., ISBN: 9782406128519, € 29,00.
Navigating the Complex Nature of Obesity Between Being A Chronic Disease or Personal Responsibility: Have You Betrayed Your Body or Have Your Body Betrayed You?
Authors: Atta Sama
Published: July 2024

Obesity is a complex multifactorial condition that accumulated excess body fat leads to negative effects on health. Obesity continues to accelerate resulting in a pandemic that shows no significant signs of slowing down any time soon. Raised body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders, resulting in dramatic decrease of life quality and expectancy. The main cause of obesity is long-term energy imbalance between consumed calories and expended calories. Here, we explore the biological mechanisms of obesity with the aim of providing actionable treatment strategies to achieve a healthy body weight from nature to nurture. This review summarizes the global trends in obesity with a special focus on the pathogenesis of obesity from genetic factors to epigenetic factors, from social environmental factors to microenvironment factors.
The Effect of Different Accelerators on the Vulcanization of EPDM Rubber
Authors: Teker Murat , Usluoğlu Ayşe , Öztürk Esra
Published: July 2024

: EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) is a type of synthetic rubber. The products of rubber have great importance in every part of life. EPDM rubber has high tensile strength, high tension, toughness, and is weather resistant. Therefore, EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber) is widely used in many fields. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of accelerator type on mechanical properties and vulcanization characteristics of EPDM rubber. We used the accelerators; thiazole, sulfonamides, dithiocarbamate, thiuram, and guanidine groups. The results show that the fastest cure time and the best tensile strength are achieved with dithiocarbamates for EPDM rubber.
La reconfiguración global-local de los territorios rurales en la macro región central de Chile
Authors: Arriagada Luco Camilo
Published: July 2024

La reconfiguración rural ha sido impulsada por la industrialización y, luego por la nueva economía post industrial avanzada, donde el cambio tecnológico, desarme del estado, matriz productiva global han vertebrado regiones rural-urbanas, fenómeno muy visible en Chile.
Sociología en Diseño: el género femenino en las profesiones
Authors: De Cara Graciela Beatriz , Albarracín Olivia , Ramos Marello María Alejandra , Bustos Balmaceda Celina Gabriela
Published: July 2024

En las Carreras de Diseño Industrial y Gráfico, la sociología, como disciplina científica, colabora en la comprensión de procesos y fenómenos que, con el tiempo, se naturalizan, pero cuyo origen fue problemático y hostil.
Design Manaura: da academia ao mercado de trabalho na visão docente
Authors: Moraes Vaz Greice Rejane
Published: July 2024

O curso de Bacharelado em Design da Universidade Federal do Amazonas- -UFAM, pioneiro na área em Manaus, graduou desde 1988 mais de 500 profissionais, entre desenhistas industriais (nas habilitações de Programação Visual e Projeto de Produto, antiga matriz curricular) e designers (matriz atual).
Prólogo: Múltiples modernidades
Authors: Cravino Ana
Published: July 2024

Nuestra contemporaneidad fluida, incierta e inestable, plagada de pesadumbre, requiere una revisión crítica de las diversas condiciones que adoptó la modernidad.
En búsqueda de las lógicas de legitimación de la forma arquitectónica en la contemporaneidad. Un análisis del enfoque de Peter Eisenman
Authors: Pokropek Jorge
Published: July 2024

El necesario y urgente análisis de los enfoques de Peter Eisenman constituye una tarea insoslayable si se pretende enseñar a proyectar con rigor epistémico y autoridad moral en el siglo XXI.
Prólogo. Comunicación política y cambio climático: la gobernanza de la cuestión socioambiental en América Latina
Authors: Mendoza Marina , Dagatti Mariano , López-López Paulo Carlos
Published: July 2024

Este número de los Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios en Diseño y Comunicación de la Universidad de Palermo se inscribe dentro de la línea de investigación en Comunicación Política.
Skazani na współpracę? Różne wymiary polityki Unii Europejskiej wobec państw azjatyckich
Authors: Iczetkin Aleksandra , Gajda Olga , Rusiecka Kamila , Kisiel Adrianna , Kukieła Julia , Suszwalak Oliwia , Filipińska Aleksandra , Serwatka Andżelika , Czapla Karolina , Pęczak Maciej , Bednarska Wiktoria , Gralewska Daria
Published: July 2024

Polityka Unii Europejskiej wobec Azji stanowi interesujący obszar analizy i refleksji na tle zmieniającej się rzeczywistości międzynarodowej. UE, od momentu swojego powstania, zyskała pozycję znaczącego gracza na arenie międzynarodowej. Azja, z kolei, od połowy lat 90. XX wieku, stała się jednym z kluczowych obszarów dla polityki zagranicznej UE. To partnerstwo przekształcało się i rozwijało w odpowiedzi na zmieniające się okoliczności i wyzwania, stając się nieodłączną częścią globalnej strategii Unii. Początkowo skupiając się na kwestiach gospodarczych, obecnie współpraca unijno-azjatycka obejmuje szerokie spektrum tematyczne od handlu, polityki i bezpieczeństwa, przez dążenie do zrównoważonego rozwoju, ochronę środowiska i klimatu, po wzmacnianie praw człowieka i społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Polityka UE wobec Azji wywodzi się zarówno z praktycznego podejścia, skupiającego się na rozwijaniu wymiany handlowe, jak i z dążenia do promowania wartości, takich jak demokracja, prawa człowieka i zrównoważony rozwój. UE jako wspólnota, która zbudowana jest na fundamentach pokoju, demokracji i praworządności, stawia na promocję tych wartości na arenie międzynarodowej, co przekłada się na jej aktywną rolę w Azji. Celem niniejszej książki jest przybliżenie polskiemu czytelnikowi wybranych aspektów współpracy UE z Azją, w trzech wzajemnie powiązanych obszarach: polityce rozwojowej, współpracy w zakresie ochrony środowiska i zmian klimatycznych oraz działań UE na rzecz rozwoju społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Azji. Tematy te łączy to, że są istotnymi elementami polityki unijnej wobec Azji, a przy tym były w niewielki tylko stopniu analizowane w polskiej literaturze przedmiotu. Stąd też książka pozwala zrozumieć kompleksowy obraz specyfiki i dynamiki relacji między UE z kontynentem azjatyckim.
 
Publikacja powstała w ramach projektu Jean Monnet Module „Europe as an Actor in Asia”, finansowanego przez Komisję Europejską
Projekt współfinansowany w ramach programu Unii Europejskiej Erasmus +
Działania UE na rzecz społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Azji
Authors: Matiaszczyk Natalia
Published: July 2024

Unia Europejska aktywnie promuje zaangażowanie społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w kształtowanie polityk na skalę globalną. Społeczeństwo obywatelskie, oparte na zasadach demokratycznych, wolności przekonań i stowarzyszeń, stanowi kluczowy element międzynarodowej współpracy. Rozdział przedstawia działania UE na rzecz społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Azji. Analiza strategii i aktywności UE wobec społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w regionie azjatyckim pozwala odpowiedzieć na pytania dotyczące charakteru unijnego wsparcia, jego najważniejszych wartości i obszarów priorytetowych. Dzięki temu możliwe jest zrozumienie roli, jaką UE odgrywa w promowaniu i wzmacnianiu społeczeństwa obywatelskiego na arenie międzynarodowej, a w szczególności w państwach Azji. Rozdział ten jest także wstępem do trzeciej części książki, w której przedstawiono przykłady działań UE na rzecz społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w trzech różnych państwach azjatyckich.
Unia Europejska wobec wolności słowa w Wietnamie – w kontekście ochrony praw człowieka w latach 2012-2023
Authors: Serwatka Andżelika
Published: July 2024

Wolność słowa, wolne i niezależne media oraz ochrona praw człowieka są nieodłącznymi fundamentami demokratycznego społeczeństwa, a także wartościami, które Unia Europejska od lat promuje i wzmacnia w państwach na całym świecie. Jednym z nich jest Wietnam – państwo o jednym z najwyższych wskaźników łamania wolności słowa, prasy i mediów. Stąd też relacje wietnamsko-unijne wydają się być interesujące, szczególnie jeśli uwzględni się także kwestie ekonomiczne. Celem rozdziału jest przedstawienie jak działania UE na rzecz promocji praw człowieka, w tym szczególnie zwiększenia wolności słowa, w Wietnamie są powiązanie z komponentem gospodarczym. Poprzez przedstawienie historii relacji wietnamsko-unijnych, umów gospodarczych i ich wpływu na wolność słowa w Wietnamie, możliwe będzie odpowiedzenie na pytania dotyczące m.in. problemu ochrony wolności słowa w Wietnamie, zaangażowania i inicjatyw UE na rzecz ochrony praw człowieka w Wietnamie czy pozagospodarczych skutków unijno-wietnamskich umów handlowych.
Territorial Expropriation, Pandemic, and Resistance
Authors: Possas Hiran De Moura , Tomchinsky Bernardo
Published: July 2024

In the COVID-19 pandemic, indigenous peoples in the southeast of Pará faced, among many emergencies, the worsening of territorial violations and precarious health care and education, without depriving them of resilience to frontier capitalism in the region. The information obtained through interviews with indigenous leaders, consultation of official data and those published by the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (APIB), as well as field notes on the performance of the Mutual Support Network to Indigenous Peoples of Southeastern Brazil Pará, highlights the strategic use of the territory for isolation and resurgence of cultural practices, and the formulation of policies to resist the systemic crises aggravated by the fascist national government of the period.
Medicina ancestral de las mujeres diaguita en el norte chico chileno
Authors: Rodríguez Venegas Viviana , Duarte Hidalgo Cory
Published: July 2024

Investigación cualitativa que indaga en los saberes y prácticas culturales de las mujeres diaguita del norte chico chileno y su relación con la medicina ancestral. Las mujeres diaguita han sido invisibilizadas como protagonistas de los procesos de sanación, en un tratamiento androcentrado y subalternizador, que contrasta con la abundante evidencia sobre la importancia de las mujeres en la pervivencia de la medicina ancestral. La metodología se basó en una etnografía feminista realizada en las regiones de Atacama y Coquimbo (Chile), entre 2021 y 2023, con autoridades tradicionales diaguita. Los resultados muestran las características, elementos y estrategias utilizadas en los procesos de sanación desarrollados por mujeres diaguita, resaltando la importancia de las plantas medicinales. Se concluye que las mujeres diaguita son portadoras y transmisoras de saberes ancestrales y prácticas tradicionales de manera matrilineal e intergeneracional, estableciendo la medicina ancestral como forma de resistencia cultural descolonizadora.
Agentes de su propio juego
Authors: Anderson Roos Jeanine
Published: July 2024

El juego ha sido minusvalorado en estudios de la comunidad andina, junto con los niños y las niñas que son sus protagonistas. Este artículo, parte de un estudio etnográfico más amplio, revisa y analiza las manifestaciones del juego en poblados rurales de la provincia de Yauyos. Apunta a una interpretación de su rol y una reevaluación de su importancia. Con el apoyo de numerosas descripciones de los lugares de juego, los juguetes, los actores, sus motivaciones y sus relaciones, se examina la presencia de una «retórica de progreso» y una «retórica de poder» en el juego infantil yauyino. El juego es un dominio donde la agencia de niños, niñas y adolescentes se ejerce con particular claridad. El resultado es la estructuración de una sociedad infantil que acarrea alianzas y cooperación como también conflictos y exclusiones.
Humor negro en el contexto de la muerte encefálica
Authors: Baranowski Carolina Andrea , Martínez Bárbara
Published: July 2024

En este artículo nos proponemos analizar cómo el personal de salud vinculado a la actividad de procuración de órganos y tejidos utiliza el humor negro durante su labor cotidiana. Aquí el objetivo es doble: por un lado, siguiendo estudios anteriores, nos interesa mostrar el rol del humor negro como modo de lidiar con la muerte. Por otro lado, sugerimos que, de forma paralela y complementaria, el humor negro en este contexto expone un sentido performático como forma de agencia que intenta modificar una realidad adversa. Este trabajo combina las herramientas metodológicas brindadas por la etnografía y la realización de entrevistas abiertas de sesiones múltiples. Los acontecimientos relevados durante el trabajo de campo y las entrevistas que asocian el humor y la muerte encefálica evidencian los usos, límites y modos en los que el humor negro opera en la labor cotidiana sanitaria de complejidad física y emocional.
La prospection des peuplements forestiers tropicaux par l'application des méthodes statistiques
Authors: Dommergues Yvon
Published: July 2024

L'application des méthodes statistiques aux enquêtes sur les peuplements forestiers a fait de grands progrès au cours des 20 dernières années et a permis de mettre au point des méthodes de dénombrement par échantillonnage qui sont à la fois plus rapides, plus économiques et tout aussi fiables que les méthodes classiques de dénombrement complet des peuplements forestiers.
Cette étude, après un exposé théorique des différentes méthodes de dénombrement par échantillonnage, aborde leur application à différents types de forêts et traite de la mise en oeuvre pratique de ces dénombrements sur le terrain.
La dernière partie attire l'attention des forestiers sur les travaux de recherche, sur l'intérêt qu'il y a à utiliser des plans expérimentaux permettant l'interprétation statistique des résultats.
Kirpan Sikh in Indonesian Legal Context
Authors: Sinaga Lestari Victoria , Fernando Zico Junius , Sidauruk Jupenris
Published: July 2024

This research delves into the nuanced interplay between religious freedom and legal norms in Indonesia, with a specific focus on the Sikh practice of carrying the kirpan. This ceremonial dagger, integral to Sikh faith and identity, presents a unique challenge within Indonesia's diverse legal and socio-cultural landscape, marked by the country's commitment to Pancasila, which emphasizes religious freedom, unity in diversity, and social justice. By employing a normative juridical approach, this study scrutinizes the tension between the kirpan as a manifestation of religious expression and public safety concerns, utilizing comparative analysis to explore international perspectives and solutions. The investigation reveals a critical need for Indonesia to refine its legal and policy frameworks to more effectively accommodate religious practices like the kirpan. Drawing lessons from countries such as India, the UK, Canada, the US, and Sweden, the research advocates for inclusive legal reforms, enhanced public education, and robust intercultural dialogue. These strategies aim to reconcile the practice of carrying the kirpan with public safety imperatives, reflecting a deeper understanding and respect for religious diversity. The findings underscore the significance of integrating Indonesia's foundational principles of Pancasila into the contemporary discourse on religious freedom and minority rights. The study posits that respecting the kirpan within this ideological framework not only aligns with Indonesia's commitment to diversity and tolerance but also strengthens national unity and social harmony. This research contributes to the broader discourse on balancing religious expression and public safety in pluralistic societies, offering a comprehensive blueprint for policy and legal reforms that honor both religious freedom and collective well-being. It emphasizes the importance of dialogue, education, and legal inclusivity in fostering a society that upholds the dignity and rights of all individuals, irrespective of their religious practices.
Keywords: Kirpan, Sikh, Freedom of Religion and Human Rights (FoRB), Criminal Law, Indonesia