bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Dairy and Meat Products in Iran
Authors: Soltan Dallal M.M. , Salehipour Z. , Sharifi Yazdi M.K. , Bakhtiari R. , Abdi M.
Published: June 2020

Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plays an important role in gastrointestinal diseases. The goal of this research was to determine phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of MRSA isolated from dairy and meat products in Iran.
Methods: Ninety-three S. aureus isolates were prepared which had been obtained in our previous study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using disk diffusion method. The isolates were further analyzed by mecA gene detection. Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEs) and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (TSST1) were screened. Biotyping and molecular typing were done by short sequence repeats of spa and coa genes.
Results: Five out of 93 S. aureus isolates (5.37%) included mecA. All five MRSA isolates were sensitive to at least six tested antibiotics and none were resistant to vancomycin. Furthermore, two isolates were multidrug resistant. Four isolates produced SEs and TSST1. Three out of 5 isolates were related to human biotype and two belonged to non-host-specific biotype.
Conclusion: Presence of MRSA in dairy and meat products may be an important hygienic risk for the Iranian consumers, especially for immunocompromised people.
Echocardiography education in COVID-19 era
Authors: Hosseinsabet Ali
Published: June 2020

This article has no abstract.
The Cost of a Day Bed and Patient Day in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Wards of a Teaching Hospital and a Private Hospital in Yazd City
Authors: Pakdaman Mohsen , Bahariniya Sajjad , Gravandi Sara , Zarezadeh Mohammad , Khaleghi Muri Mahdieh
Published: June 2020

Background: Cost analysis is a management tool that helps the researchers to identify and manage high costs. The purpose of the present study was to calculate the cost of day bed and patient bed in the ear, nose, and throat departments of a teaching hospital and a private hospital in Yazd City, Iran.
Methods: The present descriptive, analytical, and retrospective study was conducted in the ear, nose, and throat departments of a teaching hospital and a private hospital in Yazd in 2016. Data were collected by studying the relevant documents and checklists. Data were analyzed using Excel software.
Results: The costs of day bed occupancy were calculated as 7286715 rials and 2386715 rials in the ear, nose, and throat departments of the private and educational hospitals, respectively. The cost of a private hospital day bed was much higher than that of a training hospital considering the tariff approved in 2016. Income per patient per day was obtained as 2204643 rials in educational hospital and 1500130 rials in the private hospital. The income per patient per day was higher in the teaching hospital than the private hospital.
Conclusion: Hospitals should have a precise financial system in order to manage the day bed pricing based on the final costs and have realistic day bed costs. Given the high cost of staffing, hospitals should pay close attention to control these costs. Hospitals also need to adopt appropriate processes to consume the consumables logically and reduce their costs.
Camping Activity Benefit and Suggestion
Authors: Ali Syed Kamaruzaman Syed
Published: June 2020

Camping is a co-curricular activity that is conducted outside the classroom. For example, jungle tracking, river crossing, hiking, camp fire and so on.There are many benefits of camping activity. In this regard, this article will discuss the benefits of camping activity. In addition, this article will also discuss suggestions to make camping activity more effective.
Aprendizaje por descubrimiento en sistemas de puntos y rectas notables del triángulo
Authors: Joya Carlos Alberto , Suárez Publio
Published: June 2020

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación acerca del aprendizaje de los elementos notables del triángulo en geometría euclidiana, realizada con estudiantes de grado décimo de un colegio de Tunja, con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 17 años. Se analizó la conjeturación y la caracterización de dichos elementos, a partir de la exploración de ambientes de geometría dinámica diseñados en GeoGebra. La metodología fue cualitativa de tipo descriptivo e interpretativo. La propuesta está basada en el aprendizaje por descubrimiento de Bruner. Hubo un progreso en el pensamiento intuitivo de los estudiantes al implementar las actividades centradas en la visualización, mediadas con dibujos dinámicos. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes aprendieron sobre rectas y puntos notables del triángulo: los identificaron en la representación gráfica, priorizaron el uso del lenguaje natural, conjeturaron sobre sus propiedades y descubrieron relaciones y propiedades de los triángulos; lo cual generó un aprendizaje significativo. Así avanzaron en el desarrollo del pensamiento espacial. Un elemento importante fue el desarrollo de la competencia digital de los estudiantes con el uso de GeoGebra.
Realia funkcjonowania grup poszukiwawczo-ratowniczych w Polsce
Authors: Mencel Patrycja
Published: June 2020

The disappearance of a person is an event that demands coordination of the enti-ties involved in the search for missing persons. Cooperation of governmental search and rescue services with other entities specializing in search operations is of great importance in the system of locating missing persons, as it increases the chances of saving the life of a lost person.
COVID-19: What can we learn from shared experiences of social distancing within secure services?
Authors: Straiton David
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has spread across the globe with a social, economic and psychological impact that will undoubtedly change the world in which we live. Those working in mental health services will have experienced major changes in working practices, including navigating
the challenges of infection control, whilst caring for some of the most vulnerable members of our society. There have been a number of publications considering many of the practicalities of the COVID-19 challenges in mental health. However, deeper reflections of philosophical issues regarding
our own shared experiences have not yet been well covered in the professional press. This commentary describes some experiences of working within a low secure forensic service at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. It aims to explore some of the key themes arising from this unprecedented
situation, proposing areas for reflection and shared learning within the mental health inpatient community.
Pae tupane
Authors: Geraldo Lidiana Garcia
Published: June 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar, a partir da perspectiva da Semântica Histórica da Enunciação, um recorte da carta V, Informação das Terras do Brasil (1549), de padre Manoel da Nóbrega. Nesta investigação, analisa-se o acontecimento de enunciação, o espaço de enunciação e a cena enunciativa da passagem selecionada. Além disso, analisa-se a designação dos nomes Tupane, em língua tupi, e Deus e Pae Tupane, em língua portuguesa, enunciados no mesmo recorte. Tal estudo propõe uma análise enunciativa de interesse sobre o funcionamento da linguagem, e permite novas interpretações, que constroem sentidos outros, sobre aspectos pontuais da colonização jesuítica e portuguesa do Brasil no século XVI.
Penerapan Asas Proporsionalitas Bagi Hakim dalam Mengadili Sengketa Kontrak
Authors: Harissa* Teguh
Published: June 2020

In fact the appropriateness of the contract substance is the dismissibility of the parties '  wishes in  a  contractual  relationship,  which  is based  on  agreement, proficiency, ability and compliance with statutory regulations. However, the appropriation and exegesis of the existence of a new problem, there is a double understanding, ambiguity to lead to the misinterpretation of the wishes of the contractual parties, which can cause The Parties ' rights and obligations. For this it is important to do a search of the red thread of a contract, which is expected to find the identity of a contract when disputed by the parties. In this case the principle of proportionality can be used as a parameter for judges in each level of justice in finding a win solution in the matter of the commercial contract he handled. This is because the proportionality measure of the exchange of rights and contractual obligations is always based on equitability, freedom, distribution-proportionate that is not independent of the principle of accuracy, feasibility and Fit. All of which can be used as a red thread of the true meaning of a contractual relationship, which in fact does not have to be centered on the proportion of the distribution of rights and obligations mathematically, but more than that through The basic search of proportionality by the magistrate of the judge, then any contractual matters handled will be resolved worthily and appropriately (fair and reasonableness) in order to achieve a win-win solution among the parties in dispute.
Educational Interventions to Improve Atopic Dermatitis Outcomes for Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kuntjoro Tamarachiara , Jaclyn Adeline , Adiwijaya Myrna
Published: June 2020

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) has a significant negative impact on the quality of life (QoL) of affected children and their families. Despite the availability of efficacious treatment, poor knowledge of AD treatment, and adherence to daily controller medications leads to a high rate of treatment failure. Purpose: To characterize the efficacy of educational interventions to improve AD outcomes in the pediatric population. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, OVID Medline, CINAHL, and PsychINFO was conducted from September 2010 through September 2018. We compared populations, intervention characteristics, study designs, outcomes, settings, and intervention levels across studies. Result: Of 85 articles identified and reviewed, 7 articles met inclusion criteria. All included studies demonstrated efficacy in overall outcomes. All studies were performed in a hospital setting or utilized technology. The most common format for pediatric AD intervention delivery was the use of group lectures. Promising strategies to address time limitations in parents of children with AD include multifaceted educational support programs, individually tailored nurse consultation, and Web-Based Educational Programs. This systematic review is not a meta-analysis, therefore limiting its quantitative assessment of studies. Conclusion: Educational interventions demonstrate efficacy in improving pediatric AD outcomes. As the seven included studies employed a wide variety of outcome assessment tools, it is difficult to compare the extent of improvement in outcomes across these studies. In order to better assess the comparative efficacy of different educational interventions to improve outcomes in children with AD, it is essential to standardize outcome measures.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF-I) DARI SERUM KUDA CROSSBREED BUNTING TERHADAP KETEBALAN ENDOMETRIUM MENCIT (Mus musculus)
Authors: Risna Y Dyah Ayu Roro , Mulyati Sri , Darsono Roesno , Mustofa Imam , Arimbi Arimbi , Widjiati Widjiati
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the research was to know  the effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGFI) derived from pregnant crossbreed mare serum (PMS) on endometrium thickness of mice (Mus musculus). The subject of this research were 35 female mice. The research was arranged by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatment and five replications. The treatment were P0 = 10 ng/ml of physiological NaCl, P11 = 10 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, P12 = 20 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, P13 = 40 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, P21 = 10 ng/ml of IGF-I recombinant mouse, P22 = 20 ng/ml of IGF-I recombinant mouse, and P23 = 40 ng/ml of IGF-I recombinant mouse. Observed variables include histopatological endometrium thickness of mice. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test. The data was also be analyzed using General Linear Model Univarieted to see the comparison between IGF-I PMS and recombinant mouse. The result showed that the addition of IGF-I PMS did not significantly affect (p>0,05) on endometrium thickness of mice . It showed that did not significantly difference (p>0,05) between the effect of IGF-I PMS and IGF-I recombinant mouse against the endometrium thickness of mice.
Exemple d’approche fonctionnelle : le gras intramusculaire chez le porc
Authors: RENARD C. , MOUROT J.
Published: June 2020

Nous avons utilisé alternativement les techniques d’analyse fonctionnelle, d’analyse génétique et de biologie moléculaire pour identifier les gènes qui ont un effet majeur sur le gras intramusculaire du porc indépendamment de ceux qui agissent sur l’épaisseur de du gras souscutané dorsal. L’ensemble des travaux met en évidence : l’influence prépondérante de la région péri-centromérique du chromosome 7, marquée par le complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité SLA, sur le taux de lipides intramusculaires ; le rôle clef de l’enzyme malique, une des enzymes de la lipogenèse, dans la synthèse lipidique intramusculaire tout au long du développement corporel du porc ; l’existence d’un gène proche de SLA, qui contrôle l’activité de cette enzyme et dont le profil est le suivant : ce n’est pas le gène codant pour l’enzyme malique, celui-ci étant localisé sur le chromosome 1, il n’agirait pas par activation de la transcription de la protéine, mais il pourrait intervenir sur le nombre, la différenciation, l’activation ou la migration des adipocytes dans les muscles.
Bases de données en biologie
Authors: VIGNAL A.
Published: June 2020

Les bases de données en biologie doivent permettre le stockage d’une quantité croissante d’informations dont la nature est hétérogène. Des entités parfois très différentes sont à représenter, ainsi que leurs relations. De plus, les techniques variées utilisées pour générer les données doivent être prises en compte. De ce fait, il existe un foisonnement de bases de données spécialisées, dont nous décrivons ici les principales, ainsi que leurs interrelations.
La recherche de QTL àl’aide de marqueurs : résultats chez le porc
Authors: BIDANEL J.P. , MILAN D.
Published: June 2020

Le programme de détection de QTL dans une population F2 issue du croisement entre les races porcines Meishan (MS) et Large White (LW) réalisé à l’INRA est présenté. Des mesures de croissance, de composition corporelle, de qualité de la viande, de développement sexuel mâle et femelle, de prolificité et de réactivité comportementale et neuroendocrinienne ont été effectuées sur 530 mâles et 573 femelles F2, nés de 6 verrats et 17 truies F1, eux-mêmes issus de 6 verrats LW et 6 truies MS. Le génotype de l’ensemble des animaux a été déterminé à l’aide de séquenceurs automatiques pour un total de 115 marqueurs microsatellites couvrant l’ensemble du génome porcin. Les données ont été analysées par chromosome (analyse multipoint) à l’aide d’une procédure du maximum de vraisemblance prenant en compte la structure familiale des données. Des QTL ont été mis en évidence ou suggérés sur l’ensemble des chromosomes, à l’exception des chromosomes 16 et 18.
La recherche de QTL à l’aide de marqueurs : projets et résultats chez le mouton et la poule
Authors: PINARD-VAN DER LAAN M.H.
Published: June 2020

L’état d’avancement de plusieurs projets de recherche de QTL chez le mouton et la poule est présenté. L’originalité des caractères étudiés et des dispositifs mis en place est soulignée. Ces projets concernent la résistance à différentes maladies, la reproduction et diverses caractéristiques de production. Il s’agit souvent de caractères nouveaux qui ne sont pas encore pris en compte dans la sélection, mais pour lesquels la mise en évidence de marqueurs peut déboucher sur des perspectives d’application.
Hyperbolic Rules of the Oligomer Cooperative Organization of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Genomes
Authors: Petoukhov Sergey
Published: June 2020

The author's method of oligomer sums for analysis of oligomer compositions of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes is described. The use of this method revealed the existence of general rules for cooperative oligomeric organization of a wide list of genomes. These rules are called hyperbolic because they are associated with hyperbolic sequences including the harmonic progression 1, 1/2, 1/3, .., 1/n. These rules are demonstrated by examples of quantitative analysis of many genomes from the human genome to the genomes of archaea and bacteria. The hyperbolic (harmonic) rules, speaking about the existence of algebraic invariants in full genomic sequences, are considered as candidates for the role of universal rules for the cooperative organization of genomes. The described phenomenological results were obtained as consequences of the previously published author's quantum-information model of long DNA sequences. The oligomer sums method was also applied to the analysis of long genes and viruses including the COVID-19 virus; this revealed, in characteristics of many of them, the phenomenon of such rhythmically repeating deviations from model hyperbolic sequences, which are associated with DNA triplets. In addition, an application of the oligomer sums method are shown to the analysis of the following long sequences: 1) amino acid sequences in long proteins like the protein Titin; 2) phonetic sequences of long Russan literary texts (for checking of thoughts of many authors that phonetic organization of human languages is deeply connected with the genetic language). The topics of the algebraic harmony in living bodies and of the quantum-information approach in biology are discussed.
Urban Ecosystem Services (UES) Assessment within a 3D-Virtual Environment: A Methodological Approach for the Larger Urban Zones (LUZ) of Naples (Italy)
Authors: Cerreta Maria , Mele Roberta , Poli Giuliano
Published: June 2020

The complexity of urban spatial configuration, which affects human-well being and landscape functioning, needs acquisition and 3d visualisation data to inform decision-making process better. One of the main challenges in sustainability research is to conceive spatial models which are capable of adapting to changes in scale and recalibrating the related indicators depending on the degree of detail and data availability. In this perspective, the inclusion of the third dimension into Urban Ecosystem Services (UES) assessment studies highlights the details of urban structure-function relationships, improves modelling and visualisation of data and impacts, aiding decision-makers to localise, assess and manage urban development strategies. The main goal of the proposed framework concerns mapping, evaluating and planning of the UES within a 3d-virtual environment to improve the visualisation of the spatial relationships among the services allocation and the urban fabric density.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Evolution of Patients Attended with COVID-19 in a National Reference Hospital from Lima, Peru
Authors: Valenzuela Germán V. , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Mamani Roxana , Ayala Ricardo , Pérez Katherine , Sarmiento Cynthia , Calcino Jessica , García Luis , Amado José
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fatal outcomes have been associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. In new epidemic areas, such as Latin America, there is a lack of studies about this. Here, we evaluated those factors in a retrospective cohort of patients in a national reference hospital of Lima, Peru. Design. A retrospective cohort observational study was done. For this study, information was obtained from clinical records of the hospital for the cases that were laboratory-diagnosed and related, during March 6th and April 30th, 2020. rRT-PCR was used for the detection of the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 following the protocol Charité, Berlin, Germany, from nasopharyngeal swabs at the National Institute of Health. Calculation of the odds ratio (OR) with the respective 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was done, also logistic regression for adjusted OR (multivariate) was done. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant for all analyses. Results. One hundred six hospitalized patients were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 61.58 years (SD 16.81). Cardiovascular risk factors among them were hypertension (46.2%), diabetes (28.3%), and obesity (28.3%), among others. Fifty-six patients died (52.8%). Mortality associated factors at the multivariate analysis were arterial hypertension (OR=1.343, 95% 1.089-1.667), myocardial injury (OR=1.303, 95% 1.031-1.642), and mechanical ventilation (OR 1.262, 95% 1.034-1.665), as associated factors. Conclusion. As observed in other regions of the world, cardiovascular risk factors represent a significant and independent threat to be considered in patients with COVID-19. Further studies and interventions in Peru and Latin America are expected.
Analysis and Prediction for the Spreading of Covid-19 Pandemic in India Using Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Poddar Nanda , Dhar Subham , Mondal Kajal Kumar , Saha Gourab
Published: June 2020

In the present time, the biggest problem of the world is the outbreak of novel coronavirus. Novel coronavirus (COVID-19), this one name has become a part of our daily lives over the past few months. Beyond the boundaries of medical science, coronavirus is now the main subject of research in all fields like Applied Mathematics, Economy, Philosophy, Sociology, Politics upto living room. The epidemic has brought unimaginable changes in our traditional habits and daily routines. Thousands of people in our country are fighting with the rest of the world to survive in various new situations. There are different kinds of coronavirus appeared in different times. In this time, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). This virus was first identified towards the end of 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China. Within very short duration of time and very fast, it has spread throughout a large part of the world. In this study, the main aim is to investigate the spreading rate, death rate, recovery rate due to corona virus infection and to study the future of the coronavirus in India by using mathematical modeling based on the previous data. Mathematical models, in this situation, are the important tools in recruiting effective strategies to fight this epidemic. India is at high risk of spreading the disease and is facing many losses in socio-economic aspects. With current infection rates and existing levels of personal alertness, the number of infected people in India will increase at least in the next three months. Proper social awareness, maintain of social distance, large rate of testing and separation may break the chain of the Coronavirus-2.
COVID-19 Contact Tracing: Current States and Future Directions
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Jabed Morshed , Ferdous Md Sadek , Biswas Kamanashis , Chowdhury Niaz , Muthukkumarasamy Vallipuram
Published: June 2020

Contact tracing has become a key tool for public health officials to effectively combat the spread of new diseases, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Currently, this process is either manual or semi-manual and often very time consuming and inefficient. It largely relies of human memory and cannot be scalable to tackle pandemic like COVID-19. Researchers and practitioners around the world have turned into the technology based approaches to provide a scalable solution. Smartphone and associated digital technologies have the potential to provide a better solution due to its high level of penetration coupled with mobility. However, information like location or proximity associated with other personal data are very sensitive private information and can be used by the states to do surveillance over their citizen. Researchers have proposed different contact tracing protocols to overcome or limit those concerns. In this paper, we have critically reviewed these protocols and apps to identify the strength and weakness of each approaches. Finally, we have pen down our recommendations to make contact tracing mechanism more universally inter-operable and privacy preserving.
Associating Unemployment with Panic Attack Using Stacked-RNN Model During COVID-19
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir , DUTTA SHAWNI
Published: June 2020

Corona Virus Infectious Disease (COVID-19) is newly emerging infectious disease. This disease is known to the globe in early 2019. Poor status of mental health is often caused by unemployment, ongoing socio-economic condition. Poor mental health may even accelerate the process of panic attack. It has been happening rapidly during COVID-19. It has a great effect on human health. This paper utilizes multiple related factors those have impact on causing panic attack. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based framework is utilized in this paper that assembles multiple RNN layers along with other parameters into a single platform. This method is implemented by capturing interfering factors and predicts panic attack tendency of people during COVID-19. Early prediction of panic attacks may assist in saving life from unwanted circumstances.
TMPRSS2 Protease Inhibitors May Prolong But Heparins Accelerate SARS-CoV-2 Clearance
Authors: Yuan Shu , Jiang Si-Cong , Zhang Zhong-Wei , Li Zi-Lin , Wang Chang-Quan , Yuan Ming , Chen Yang-Er , Tao Qi , Lan Ting , Tang Xiao-Yan , Chen Guang-Deng , Zeng Jian
Published: June 2020

The 2019 novel SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) entry depends on the host membrane serine protease TMPRSS2, which can be blocked by some clinically-proven drugs. Here we analyzed spatial relevance between glycosylation sequons and antibody epitopes and found that, different from SARS-CoV S, most high-surface-accessible epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 S are blocked by the glycosylation, and the optimal epitope with the highest surface accessibility is covered by the S1 cap. TMPRSS2 inhibitor treatments may prevent unmasking of this epitope and therefore prolong virus clearance and may induce antibody-dependent enhancement. Interestingly, a heparin-binding sequence immediately upstream of the S1/S2 cleavage site has been found in SARS-CoV-2 S but not in SARS-CoV S. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 with heparins may lead to exposure of S686, which then facilitates the S1/S2 cleavage, induces exposure of the optimal epitope, and therefore increases the antibody titres. A combination of heparin and vaccine (or convalescent serum) treatments thus is recommended.
Parking Pricing vs. Congestion Pricing: A Macroscopic Analysis of their Impact on Traffic
Authors: Jakob Manuel , Menendez Monica
Published: June 2020

As traffic congestion gets worse year by year in metropolitan areas, cities search for solutions to improve their traffic performance and reduce their environmental impacts. This paper focuses on parking pricing and congestion pricing and their short-term effects not only on traffic congestion but also on the potential revenue for a city. We develop an easy to implement multimodal macroscopic traffic and parking search model for a central area based on aggregated data at the network level. Our methodology allows us to analyze how introducing parking pricing inside a network, or a congestion toll combined with a park and ride (P+R) scheme can affect the drivers’ decision between entering the network by car (private vehicle) or using P+R instead. This decision directly influences the number of drivers using P+R, and this impacts, in turn, the traffic performance. Based on such analysis, a city can get valuable insights to evaluate whether congestion pricing is a necessity or if the traffic improvements resulting from implementing parking pricing strategies are sufficient when combined with P+R facilities. A search algorithm is used to find the best trade-off between the parking fees and the congestion toll. Any additional revenue collected through these schemes can then be used to improve public transport or the P+R facilities themselves. With minor data collection efforts and little computational costs compared to most existing parking and congestion pricing models, we illustrate our proposed framework in a case study of an area with a high parking demand for public parking spaces within the city of Zurich, Switzerland. Results show that parking pricing combined with P+R is indeed a viable option compared to congestion pricing for improving traffic performance, even if parking pricing schemes do not target all the drivers.
Unbiased Approach for the Identification of Molecular Mechanisms Sensitive to Chemical Exposures
Authors: Suvorov Alexander , Salemme Victoria , McGaunn Joseph , Poluyanoff Anthony , Teffera Menna , Amir Saira
Published: June 2020

Background: Targeted methods that dominated toxicological research until recently did not allow for screening of all molecular changes involved in toxic response. Therefore, it is difficult to infer if all major mechanisms of toxicity have already been discovered, or if some of them are still overlooked. Objectives: To identify molecular mechanisms sensitive to chemical exposures in an unbiased manner. Methods: We used data on 641,516 unique chemical-gene interactions from the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database. Only data from high-throughput gene expression experiments with human, rat or mouse cells/tissues were extracted. The total number of chemical-gene interactions was calculated for every gene, and used as a measure of gene sensitivity to chemical exposures. These values were further used in enrichment analyses to identify molecular mechanisms sensitive to chemical exposures. Results: Remarkably, use of different input subsets with non-overlapping lists of chemical compounds identified largely the same genes and molecular pathways as most sensitive to chemical exposures, indicative of an unbiased nature of our analysis. One of the most important findings of this study is that almost every known molecular mechanism may be affected by chemical exposures. Predictably, xenobiotic metabolism pathways and mechanisms of cellular response to stress and damage were among the most sensitive. Additionally, our analysis identified a range of highly sensitive molecular pathways, which are not widely recognized by modern toxicology as major targets of toxicants, including lipid metabolism pathways, longevity regulation cascade and cytokine mediated signaling. Discussion: Molecular mechanisms identified as the most sensitive to chemical exposures are relevant for significant public health problems, such as aging, cancer, metabolic and autoimmune disease. Thus, public health system will likely benefit from future research focus on these sensitive molecular mechanisms. Additionally, approach used in this study may guide identification of priority adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for in-vitro and in-silico toxicity testing methods.
COVID-19 and the ‘Ethics of Disruption’: Current Dilemmas Facing Longitudinal Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Crivello Gina , Favara Marta
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we draw on recent experiences from the Young Lives study to discuss some of the ethical and practical challenges facing longitudinal cohort studies in low- and middle-income countries in the time of coronavirus. We argue that COVID-19 has instigated an ‘ethics of disruption’ for social researchers across the world, and for longitudinal cohort studies like Young Lives, this requires navigating three core considerations: first, managing research relationships and reciprocity within an observational study design; second, maintaining methodological continuity and consistency across time; and third, balancing an immediate short-term response to COVID-19 against the longer-term perspective. We refer to the study’s plan to implement a new COVID-19 phone survey to illustrate how the team are navigating this altered ethical terrain.
Non-residents as subjects of land relations in Ukraine
Authors: Buletsa Sibilla , Oliynyk Roman
Published: June 2020

Ukrainian lands have always attracted interest from foreign investors as a means of production and investment. The tendency to increase such interest does not change for quite a long time. According to Articles 18-20 of the Land Code of Ukraine, each land plot, regardless of the form of ownership or use, has a specific purpose, depending on which the status of the land plot is determined as the object of civil rights. Extremely topical issue is the right of ownership of land to non-residents, both physical and legal persons. The purpose of the article is to analyze regulatory and legal regulation of the peculiarities of acquiring ownership of land plots by non-residents, identifying gaps in legislation.
„Green” legal interpretation in the light of a judgment of the Supreme Court
Authors: Csirszki Martin Milán
Published: June 2020

The author intends to analyse a good practice regarding the judicial interpretation of an environmental obligation, namely the obligation of fact-finding in connection with remediation. In order to introduce the full picture, the author draws up a doctrinal summary concerning the regulation of groundwater protection. He does not only present the Hungarian regulation, but also he mentions the legislative acts of the European Union. The article can be considered as a case analysis, nevertheless it also contains doctrinal questions and legal interpretation through one of the judgments of the Hungarian Supreme Court. After analysing the questions raised, the author formulates some proposals.
Az atomenergia alkalmazására vonatkozó legfőbb nemzetközi, európai uniós és hazai jogi előírások
Authors: Flekácsné Kocsis Bianka
Published: June 2020

This study aims to present the main international, European Union and domestic legal rules on use of atomic energy by applying the method of comparative analysis. Current reason of this topic is the ongoing Paks 2 project. An industrial project like this requires a highly complex and lengthy licensing process and the nuclear power plant units need to comply with several international, European Union and domestic regulations not only during the licensing process, but throughout erection and operation periods as well. Connected with that, this study examines various legal rules on safety application of using atomic energy, underlining the following topics: liability, safety, and nuclear waste management. In Hungary the Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority is liable for adaptation of the relating regulation. It supplies its tasks by cooperating with several international and European Union authorities.
Út az Európai Energia Unióhoz
Authors: Lehotay Veronika
Published: June 2020

Energy law is gaining ground both at member state and community levels and is becoming a major area of ​​law. The study presents the energy sector regulation of the European Union. For this, it is important to clarify what is meant by energy, energetics, energy policy and energy law. Another important question is where energy law is placed in the legal system. The journey to stabilizing a single European energy union has been long and has still not ended. The study deals with the steps of this process, its main results and the presentation of legislations in this area.
A katasztrófavédelem és a munkavédelem összefüggései
Authors: Rácz Zoltán
Published: June 2020

Today, people have become increasingly interested in various natural disasters starting from massive floods through epidemics to devastating fires across the continent. Disasters are caused not only by forces of nature but also by human activities. The history of both disaster management and occupational safety can be traced back centuries.  There are many similarities between disaster management and occupational safety, which may be surprising at first. Two fundamental rights are key issues in both disaster management and occupational safety, which are as follows: the right to life and the right to health.  An obligation of closely coordinated cooperation between the state, public bodies and other entities is a flagship task in both areas.
Pengelolaan Air dan Mulsa pada Tanaman Bawang Merah di Lahan Kering (Water Management and Mulch on Shalot in Dry Land)
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Saeri Moh.
Published: June 2020

Budidaya bawang merah di lahan kering mempunyai ketersediaan air terbatas sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan air secara efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh interval waktu pemberian air yang efisien dan jenis mulsa yang dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan usahatani bawang merah. Penelitian pengelolaan air dengan interval pengairan dan mulsa pada bawang merah varietas Monjung dilaksanakan pada MK II 2016 dalam luasan 2.500 m2 (ukuran petak 15 m x 6 m) di Desa Bunbarat, Kecamatan Rubaru, Kabupaten Sumenep, disusun secara acak kelompok faktorial dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu: faktor I (mulsa): (a) mulsa plastik, (b) mulsa jerami, dan (c) tanpa mulsa, sedangkan faktor II (pengairan): (a) 1 hari sekali, (b) 2 hari sekali, dan (c) 3 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mulsa jerami disertai pengairan 2 hari sekali memberikan bobot umbi 7,89 ton/ha dan penggunaan air selama pertumbuhan tanaman sebesar 1.230 m3/ha sehingga untuk menghasilkan 1 kg umbi dibutuhkan 156 liter air. Berdasarkan hasil analisis usahatani bawang merah yang diberi mulsa jerami disertai pengairan 2 hari sekali dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air dan biaya produksi serta mempunyai B/C ratio tertinggi (2,27) sehingga layak secara ekonomi.

Keywords

Pengelolaan air; Bawang merah; Mulsa; Lahan kering

Abstract

Shallot cultivation in dry land has limited water availability so needed to efficient water management. This study aims to obtain an efficient water time interval and mulch type that can increase production and farming income of shallot. Research on water management with irrigation interval and mulch on shallot of Monjung variety was implemented at dry season year 2016 in the area of 2,500 m2 (the size of plot 15 m long to 6 m width) at Bunbarat Village, Rubaru Subdistrict, Sumenep Regency were arranged of randomized block design by factorial with nine treatments and three replications : I (mulch): (a) plastic mulch, (b) straw mulch, and (c) without mulch, while factor II (irrigation): (a) irrigation every 1 day, (b) irrigation every 2 days, and (c) irrigation every 3 days. The results showed that straw mulch treatment with irrigation every 2 days gave a tuber weight of 7.89 ton/ha and the use of water during plant growth was 1,230 m3/ha so that to produce 1 kg of tubers required 156 liters of water. The analysis of shallot farming that is given mulch straw accompanied by irrigation every 2 days can increase the efficiency of water use and production costs and has the highest B/C ratio (2.27) so that it is economically feasible.
Pengaruh Berbagai Campuran Media yang Diperkaya Mikoriza Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Petai (The Effect of Several Media Mixtures Enriched by Mycorrhiza for Stink Bean Seedlings Growth)
Authors: Emilda Deni , Indriyani Ni Luh Putu , Muryati NFN , Sunyoto NFN
Published: June 2020

Media tanam mempunyai peran penting dalam menghasilkan benih petai bermutu. Namun, informasi mengenai media tanam yang dapat memacu pertumbuhan benih dan menghambat serangan penyakit tular tanah pada tanaman petai belum banyak tersedia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh satu komposisi media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2017 – April 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Sumani Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok, Sumatra Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 10 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, setiap unit perlakuan terdiri atas 30 tanaman. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah 10 komposisi media yang terdiri atas kombinasi dua atau tiga bahan yang terdiri atas tanah, pupuk kandang, kompos, dan arang sekam serta penambahan agens hayati mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan benih petai sampai 6 bulan setelah transplanting adalah tanah: pupuk kandang = 1 : 1 (v/v) di mana menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman sebesar 24,47 g sementara media yang sama dengan penambahan mikoriza menghasilkan bobot kering tanaman lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 29,94 g, namun tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan media tanpa penambahan mikoriza. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pemilihan media untuk perbenihan petai.

Keywords

Campuran media; Mikoriza; Pertumbuhan; Petai

Abstract

Planting media used has an important role in producing quality stink bean seedling. However, information about planting media that can enhance seedling growth and inhibit infectious soilborne diseases on stink bean plants is not yet available. The purposes of this study were to obtain the best media compositions for the growth of stink bean seedlings. The research was conducted in September 2017 – April 2018 at Sumani Experimental Station of Balitbu Tropika, Solok, West Sumatra. The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and three replications in which each treatment unit consisted of 30 plants. The treatments used were 10 media compositions consisting of a combination of two or three materials comprising soil, manure, compost, and rice husk charcoal and the addition of mycorrhizal biological agent. The results showed that the best medium for stink bean seedling growth up to 6 months after transplanting was soil: manure = 1 : 1 (v/v) which produced total plant dry weight 24.47 g whereas the same media with addition of mycorrhiza produced higher total dry weight 29.94 g, however this result did not show significantly different with treatment without mycorrhiza. This result can be used for media selection of stink bean seedlings.
Kelayakan Usahatani Bawang Putih di Berbagai Tingkat Harga Output (Feasibility of Garlic Farming at Various Price Levels of Output)
Authors: Kiloes Adhitya Marendra , Hardiyanto NFN
Published: June 2020

Indonesia selama ini mengimpor sebanyak 95% bawang putih konsumsi, namun direncanakan bahwa Indonesia harus dapat berswasembada bawang putih pada tahun 2021. Untuk itu dilaksanakan upaya perluasan tanam mulai dari penggunaan dana APBN, penanaman oleh importir, maupun penanaman secara swadaya petani yang akan membutuhkan benih bawang putih dalam jumlah banyak. Dengan alasan terbatasnya jumlah benih bawang putih dan meningkatnya permintaan untuk penanaman maka harga benih bawang putih di tingkat petani melonjak naik sehingga perlu dibuat aturan mengenai harga bawang putih agar semua pemangku kepentingan dapat saling mendapatkan keuntungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekomendasikan harga bawang putih yang layak sesuai dengan harga pasar dan keuntungan petani. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer input dan output usahatani yang dikumpulkan dari 86 orang petani di tiga sentra produksi bawang putih yang selama ini konsisten menanam bawang putih, yaitu Lombok Timur, Magelang, dan Temanggung. Data sekunder berupa data Upah Minimum Kabupaten (UMK) diperoleh dari BPS untuk membandingkan dengan keuntungan usahatani yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga jual yang layak untuk bawang putih konsumsi adalah Rp15.000,00/kg dan untuk benih sebesar Rp53.000,00/kg. Apabila harga jual kurang dari harga tersebut maka keuntungan usahatani akan lebih rendah dari UMK sehingga tidak akan menarik untuk petani.

Keywords

Bawang putih; Biaya usahatani; Harga jual; UMK

Abstract

Indonesia for long years has been importing as much as 95% of the consumption of garlic, but it is planned that Indonesia should be able to self-sufficient in garlic in 2021. Therefore, efforts are made to expand planting, starting from the use of national budget funds, planting by importers, as well as planting independently farmers who will need seeds garlic in large quantities. Due to the limited amount of garlic seeds and the increasing demand for planting, the price of garlic seeds at the farmer level soared. Regulations should be made regarding the price of garlic so that all stakeholders can benefit from each other. This study aims to recommend the price of decent garlic according to market prices and farmers’ profits. The data used in the form of farm input and output primary data collected from 86 farmers in three centers of garlic production that have consistently planted garlic, namely East Lombok, Magelang, and Temanggung. Secondary data in the form of District Minimum Wage data was obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) to compare with farm profits obtained. The results of the study show that the reasonable selling price for garlic consumption is IDR 15,000/kg and for seeds of IDR 53,000/kg. If the selling price is less than this price, the farming profit will be lower than the District Minimum Wage so that it will not be attractive to farmers.
Perbaikan Kelayakan Usahatani Bawang Merah pada Dataran Tinggi di Bali Melalui Perbaikan Teknologi Budidaya (Improving Feasibility of Shallot Farming at High Land in Bali Through the Improvement of Cultivation Technology)
Authors: Arya Nyoman Ngurah , Mahaputra I Ketut , Budiartana I Made
Published: June 2020

Usahatani bawang merah telah menjadi sumber penghidupan utama bagi sebagian petani di Kecamatan Kintamani, Kabupaten Bangli. Namun, biaya usahatani yang dibutuhkan semakin meningkat dan dapat berdampak terhadap penurunan efisiensinya. Pengkajian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelayakan paket teknologi usahatani bawang merah. Pengkajian terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dan 15 ulangan, yakni: p0 = teknologi eksisting (jarak tanam 23 cm x 23 cm + 12,5 – 15 ton pupuk kandang ayam/ha + 330 kg Urea/ha + 300 kg ZA/ha + 360 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + pestisida kimia); p1 = jarak tanam 20 cm x 15 cm + 5 ton kompos kotoran sapi/ha + 500 kg ZA/ha + 600 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + feromon exi + pestisida kimia; dan p2 = jarak tanam 23 cm x 23 cm+ 5 ton kompos kotoran sapi/ha + 500 kg ZA/ha + 600 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + feromon exi + pestisida kimia. Lahan yang digunakan seluas 1,35 ha melibatkan 15 orang petani. Luas setiap perlakuan adalah 300 m2 sehingga luas lahan yang digunakan pada masing-masing petani adalah 900 m2. Penanaman dilakukan pada April 2106. Kelayakan usahatani dianalisis dengan pendekatan R/C rasio. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa paket teknologi p2 memiliki kelayakan lebih baik daripada teknologi eksisting.

Keywords

Kelayakan; Feromon exi; Jarak tanam; Kompos sapi

Abstract

Shallot farming has become the main source of income for some farmers in Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. However, the facts that shallot production costs tend to be more expensive over the year may have negative impacts to farm efficiency and farmers’ income. This study was aimed to analyze the feasibility of shallot farming technology packages alternative. The study consisted of 15 replications and three treatments, namely: p0 = existing technology (spacing 23cm x 23cm + 12.5 – 15 tons chicken manure/ha + 330 kg Urea/ha + 300 kg ZA/ha + 360 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + chemical pesticides); p1 = spacing of 20cm x 15cm + 5 tons cow compost/ha + 500 kg ZA/ha + 600 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + sex pheromone + chemical pesticides; and p2 = spacing of 23 cm x 23 cm + 5 tons cow compost/ha + 500 kg ZA/ha + 600 kg NPK 16:16:16/ha + sex pheromone + chemical pesticides. Land used is 1.35 ha involving 15 farmers. The area of each treatment is 300 m2, so the area of land used in each farmer is 900 m2. Planting was done in April 2106. The feasibility of shallot farming was analyzed by R/C ratio. The result of analysis showed that, technology package on p2 has a better feasibility than existing technology.