bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
There's not always one enemy: Co‐infection of campylobacter jejuni and non‐typhoidal salmonella in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Asatori Daisuke , Shimada Kota
Published: November 2022

A 22‐year‐old, female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus experienced bacterial enteritis. A stool Gram stain revealed Campylobacter. Non‐typhoidal Salmonella was detected in a stool culture, and Campylobacter jejuni was detected in a blood culture. Based on these findings, co‐infection of Campylobacter jejuni and non‐typhoidal Salmonella was diagnosed.
Developmental regression and movement disorder as a phenotypic variant of POLR3A Mutation—Case report
Authors: Nikkhah Ali , Rezakhani Sepideh
Published: November 2022

POLR3A is a main subunit encoding RNA polymerase III, which is involved in transcription of many RNA structures. Here, we report a new presentation of c.1771‐6C > G intronic variant presenting as developmental regression, seizure, and dystonia in a 6‐year‐old boy associated with striatum involvement in the brain MRI.
Giant pulmonary bulla causing respiratory compromise in a very low‐birthweight infant
Authors: Shinohara Tamao , Hasebe Yohei , Watanabe Daisuke , Sakurayama Tomohide , Maebayashi Yuki , Numano Fuminori , Saito Tomohiro , Koizumi Keiichi , Nemoto Atsushi , Saito Akitoshi , Oyama Toshio , Oyachi Noboru , Hoshiai Minako , Naitoh Atsushi
Published: November 2022

Acquired cystic lung disease in premature infants is a serious respiratory complication, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) has been widely reported. We report a rare case of giant pulmonary bulla in an infant treated with bullectomy where chest computed tomography was useful in directing treatment.
Pulmonary vein stenosis presenting as massive hemoptysis, treated with pulmonary veins angioplasty
Authors: Akiki Laura , Siblani Dima , Abi Saleh Wajdy , Chamoun Clara , Abouzahr Labib , Shatila Wassim
Published: November 2022

Two patients with history of cardiac ablation presented with massive hemoptysis secondary to pulmonary vein stenosis. They underwent successful pulmonary vein angioplasty and stenting. Although the second patient ended up having a lobectomy, the successful opening of the Left Superior Pulmonary Vein helped sparing the superior lobe and lingula.
Pharmacokinetic equivalence of CT‐P39 and reference omalizumab in healthy individuals: A randomised, double‐blind, parallel‐group, Phase 1 trial
Authors: Maurer Marcus , Saini Sarbjit S. , McLendon Kristi , Wabnitz Paul , Kim Sunghyun , Ahn Keumyoung , Kim Suyoung , Lee Sewon , Grattan Clive
Published: November 2022

Background

CT‐P39 is being developed as a biosimilar of reference omalizumab. This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic equivalence of CT‐P39 to European Union‐approved and United States‐licensed reference omalizumab (EU‐ and US‐omalizumab, respectively).

Methods

This two‐part, randomised, parallel‐group, double‐blind Phase 1 trial (NCT04018313) was conducted in healthy individuals with a total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level ≤100  international units (IU)/ml at screening. In part 2, described herein, participants were randomised (1:1:1) to receive a single 150 mg subcutaneous dose of CT‐P39, EU‐omalizumab, or US‐omalizumab. The primary endpoint was pharmacokinetic equivalence in terms of area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–last), AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐inf), and maximum serum concentration (Cmax). Equivalence was concluded if 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric least‐squares means ratios were contained within the predefined 80%–125% equivalence margin. Additional pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacodynamics, safety, and immunogenicity were also evaluated.

Results

Overall, 146 participants were randomised (CT‐P39, N = 47; EU‐omalizumab, N = 49; US‐omalizumab, N = 50). For all primary pharmacokinetic parameters, 90% CIs for pairwise treatment comparisons were within the 80%–125% equivalence margin, demonstrating pharmacokinetic equivalence. Decreases in free IgE and increases in total IgE serum concentrations were comparable across groups. CT‐P39 was well tolerated. Safety endpoints were comparable across groups: there were no treatment‐related serious adverse events, deaths, or discontinuations due to treatment‐emergent adverse events.

Conclusions

CT‐P39 was well tolerated and demonstrated pharmacokinetic equivalence with EU‐omalizumab and US‐omalizumab following administration of a single dose in healthy individuals.
ESLO: Enhanced sea lion optimization based bi‐directional CNN‐RNN for accurate detection of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Desika Vinayaki V. , Kalaiselvi R.
Published: November 2022

Diabetic retinopathy is considered to be one of the major causes of eye disorder which commonly occurs in working age group of people worldwide. Deficiency of proper screening and early diagnosing leads the diabetic patients completely affected by vision loss. Therefore, an effective detection of diabetic retinopathy before visual symptoms reduces the impact of visual impairment. In recent times, numerous research methods are adopted by researchers in this domain to automatically detect the existence of eye diseases; however, they provide only limited performances like less accuracy with high training error. Therefore, in this article, an attention based bi‐directional convolutional neural network‐recurrent neural network model along with enhanced sea lion optimization (ABCDM‐ESLO) technique is proposed for accurate detection and classification of healthy and unhealthy diabetic retinopathy cases based on the severity levels. In this, seven different datasets are used, analyzed, and classified into five categories (i.e., normal, mild, moderate, severe, and proliferative). Moreover, the performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and f‐score are evaluated with respect to severity levels thereby determining the efficiency of the proposed method. The performance of the proposed technique is examined by comparing it with other existing methods. The proposed method achieves 99.2% of detection accuracy, 94% of sensitivity, 96% of specificity, and 92.75% of f‐score. This reveals that the proposed ABCDM‐ESLO technique performs well and classifies than other existing methods in terms of different performance metrics.
γ‐Valerolactone as Sustainable and Low‐Toxic Solvent for Electrical Double Layer Capacitors
Authors: Teoh Khai Shin , Melchiorre Massimo , Kreth Fabian Alexander , Bothe Annika , Köps Lukas , Ruffo Francesco , Balducci Andrea
Published: November 2022

In this work, γ‐valerolactone (GVL), a green solvent based on largely available biomass (carbohydrates), highly biodegradable, and with low eco‐toxicological profile, was used as electrolyte component in energy storage devices. This solvent allowed the realization of electrolytes with good transport properties and high thermal stability, which could be successfully applied in electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). GVL‐based EDLCs could operate at 2.7–2.9 V and displayed good performance in term of capacitance, cycling stability, as well as specific energy and power. The results of this study indicate that the use of solvent obtained from largely available natural sources is a feasible strategy for the realization of sustainable and safe electrolytes for EDLCs.
Multistep Transformation from Amorphous and Nonporous Fullerenols to Highly Crystalline Microporous Materials
Authors: Hardian Rifan , Szekely Gyorgy
Published: November 2022

The structural and morphological properties of fullerenols upon exposure to heat treatment have yet to be understood. Herein, the temperature‐driven structural and morphological evolutions of fullerenols C60(OH) and C70(OH) were investigated. In situ spectroscopic techniques, such as variable‐temperature X‐ray diffraction and coupled thermogravimetric Fourier‐transform infrared analysis, were used to elucidate the structural transformation mechanism of fullerenols. Both fullerenols underwent four‐step structural transformation upon heating and cooling, including amorphous‐to‐crystalline transition, thermal expansion, structural compression, and new crystal formation. Compared to the initially nonporous amorphous fullerenol, the crystalline product exhibited microporosity with a surface area of 114 m2 g−1 and demonstrated CO2 sorption capability. These findings show the potential of fullerene derivatives as adsorbents.
Half‐bridge Z‐source inverter based on T‐source configuration with continuous input current and a high boost factor
Authors: Laali Sara , Babaei Ebrahim , Aalami Mohammadamin
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a new half‐bridge‐based impedance source inverter with coupled T‐shaped inductors. The proposed inverter has a continuous input current and a high boost factor. The proposed topology is thoroughly investigated, along with its operating modes and control system, and the boost factor equation is derived. Additionally, the operating modes' results are incorporated into the design of used components, such as capacitors and inductors. To determine the suggested topology's advantages and disadvantages, a comparison with similar topologies is made based on the number of power electronic devices employed, the boost factor, and the voltage stresses experienced by the components. On the base of these comparisons, it is concluded that the proposed half‐bridge‐based Z‐source inverter has a high boost factor, fewer power electronic components, and reduced voltage stresses. Following that, a power loss study is performed to ascertain the system's power losses and overall efficiency. The prototype's experimental results are considered to evaluate the proposed topology's correct performance.
Identification of BGN and THBS2 as metastasis‐specific biomarkers and poor survival key regulators in human colon cancer by integrated analysis
Authors: He Zhicheng , Lin Jian , Chen Cheng , Chen Yuanzhi , Yang Shuting , Cai Xianghai , He YingYing , Liu Shubai
Published: November 2022

Background

Colon cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Exploring key regulators in colon cancer metastatic progression could lead to better outcomes for patients.

Methods

Initially, the transcriptional profiles of 681 colonrectal cancer (CRC) cases were used to discover signature genes that were significantly correlated with colon cancer metastasis. These signature genes were then validated using another independent 210 CRC cases’ transcriptomics and proteomics profiles, and Kaplan–Meier regression analyses were used to screen the key regulators with patients’ survival. Immunohistochemical staining was used to confirm the biomarkers, and transit knockdown was used to explore their implications on colon cancer cells migration and invasion abilities. The impact on the key signalling molecules in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process that drive tumour metastasis was tested using Western blot. The response to clinical standard therapeutic drugs was compared to clinical prognosis of key regulators using an ROC plotter.

Results

Five genes (BGN, THBS2, SPARC, CDH11 and SPP1) were initially identified as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of colon cancer metastasis. The most significant signatures associated with colon cancer metastasis were determined to be BGN and THBS2. Furthermore, highly expression of BGN and THBS2 in tumours was linked to a worse survival rate. BGN and THBS2 knockdown significantly reduced colon cancer cells migration and invasion, as well as down‐regulating three EMT‐related proteins (Snail, Vimentin and N‐cadherin), and increasing the proliferation inhibitory effect of 5‐fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin treatment.

Conclusions

CRC metastatic progression, EMT phenotypic transition and poor survival time have been linked to BGN and THBS2. They could be utilized as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for colon cancer metastatic patients with a better prognosis.
Amphiphilic Iminosugar Pharmacological Chaperones towards β‐Glucocerebrosidase: Self‐Assembly and Biological Activity
Authors: Vanni Costanza , Cardona Francesca , Clemente Francesca , Morrone Amelia , Raudino Martina , Ambrosi Moira , Lo Nostro Pierandrea , Matassini Camilla
Published: November 2022

Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) can restore correct enzymatic activity at sub‐inhibitory concentrations and are considered an emerging therapy for Gaucher Disease (GD). Amphiphilic PCs show more favourable cross‐membrane properties and have a higher activity on cells than hydrophilic PCs. To investigate whether the biological activity of amphiphilic iminosugars is related to their state as monomers or as micellar aggregates, we synthesized some novel N‐alkylated iminosugars and performed physico‐chemical characterizations in the solid state and in aqueous dispersion of the best compound in terms of biological activity. The results suggest that the C12 N‐alkylated iminosugar 10 exerts its biological activity in the monomeric state, and that the low cell viability observed in the presence of a 50 μM concentration of compound 10 is not related to the formation of micellar aggregates in solution.
When faces and voices come together: Face width‐to‐height ratio and voice pitch contribute independently to social perception
Authors: Masi Matteo , Mattavelli Simone , Fasoli Fabio , Brambilla Marco
Published: November 2022

Prior research has shown that the face's width‐to‐height ratio (fWHR) and the voice's pitch influence social perception. Yet, the relative contribution of either cue has been largely unexplored. We examined the simultaneous effects of fWHR and pitch on social evaluations. Experiment 1 (N = 102) tested how such cues shaped global impressions. Experiment 2 (N = 121) tested fWHR and pitch's effect on behavioural affiliative intentions, framing social interaction as a physical or an intellectual competition. Experiment 3 (N = 57) assessed whether variations in fWHR and pitch could influence trait attribution (i.e., physical formidability and intelligence). Individuals with large faces or low‐pitched voices elicited negative impressions, positive behavioural intentions in a physical competition, and the attribution of stronger formidability but lower intelligence. Across the studies, cues exerted independent effects. The implications of these findings for research on cross‐modal social perception are discussed.
Numerical study supplemented with simplified model on electrophoresis of a hydrophobic colloid incorporating finite ion size effects and ion‐solvent interactions
Authors: Bhaskar Babu , Bhattacharyya Somnath
Published: November 2022

We consider a modified electrokinetic model to study the electrophoresis of a hydrophobic particle by considering the finite sized ions. The mathematical model adopted in this study incorporates the ion steric repulsion, ion‐solvent interactions as well as Maxwell stress on the electrolyte. The dielectric permittivity and viscosity of the electrolyte is considered to vary with the local ionic volume fraction. Based on this modified model for the electrokinetics we have analyzed the electrophoresis in a single as well as mixture of electrolytes of monovalent and non‐ electrolytes. The dependence of viscosity on local ionic volume fraction modifies the hydrodynamic drag as well as diffusivity of ions, which are ignored in existing studies on electrophoresis. A simplified model for electrophoresis of a hydrophobic particle incorporating the ion steric repulsion and ion‐solvent interactions is developed based on the first‐order perturbation on applied electric field. This simplified model is established to be efficient for a Debye layer thinner than the particle size and a smaller range of slip length. This model can be implemented for any number of ionic species as well as non‐ electrolytes. It is established that the ion steric interactions and dielectric decrement creates a counterion saturation in the Debye layer leading to an enhanced mobility compared to the standard model. However, experimental data for non‐dilute cases often under predicts the theoretically determined mobility. The present modified model fills this lacuna and demonstrate that the consideration of finite ion size modifies the medium viscosity and hence, ionic mobility, which in combination lowers the mobility value.
Reliability assessment of integrated energy systems based on complex network theory
Authors: Pan Hua , Yan Jingru , Gao Xu , Fang Jing , Yao Zheng
Published: November 2022

As integrated energy systems (IES) continue to undergo development and advancement, the degree of coupling between subsystems and their complexity are also on the rise, posing a challenge for the reliability assessment of such systems. The conventional method is unable to explain the interaction between subsystems as well as system‐level phenomena. The complex network theory is needed to provide a deeper analysis. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concept and analysis tools of complex network theory. Secondly, the topological network model and the identification indexes of weak links for the IES are summarized as the basis for reliability assessment. Then, the reliability assessment indexes and assessment methods are sorted out for the IES based on the complex network theory; and further, the measures to optimize the reliability of the IES are put forward. Finally, from the perspective of complex network theory, directions for future research on the reliability assessment of IES are suggested.
The effect of acorn muffin consumption on glycemic indices and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sasani Najmeh , Kazemi Asma , Babajafari Siavash , Amiri‐Ardekani Ehsan , Rezaiyan Mojtaba , Barati‐Boldaji Reza , Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad , Clark Cain C. T. , Ashrafi‐Dehkordi Elham
Published: November 2022

Acorn is a nutritious fruit with the reported potential of ameliorating diseases, including diabetes. This research aimed to assess the effects of acorn muffin consumption on glycemic, lipid indices, and appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sixty‐six subjects were dichotomized to receive either one muffin containing 10 grams of acorn flour or a placebo muffin containing white wheat flour (no bran), per day, for 8 weeks. Acorn muffin consumption improved glycated hemoglobin (p = .06, mean difference [MD] = −0.65), triglyceride (p = .06, MD = −36.38), and high‐density lipoprotein (p = .05, MD = 1.30), albeit only marginally significantly. Among appetite parameters, hunger, desire to eat, and prospective to eat were significantly lower, and satiety and fullness were significantly higher, in the acorn muffin group. In conclusion, acorn muffins could be utilized as an adjuvant therapy to control appetite and ameliorate glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, further investigations are required for a more comprehensive conclusion.
Prevalence and determinants of wasting among under‐5 Egyptian children: Application of quantile regression
Authors: Abdulla Faruq , El‐Raouf M. M. Abd , Rahman Azizur , Aldallal Ramy , Mohamed Mohamed S. , Hossain Md. Moyazzem
Published: November 2022

Wasting is one of the symptoms of malnutrition that has been connected to the deaths of malnourished children. This study was intended to explain the effect of socio‐demographic and economic factors on under‐5 wasting by evaluating their conditional effect across the distribution of weight‐for‐height Z (WHZ) scores using the quantile regression (QR) model. The weighted sample which included 13,680 children under 5 years was taken from the countrywide Egyptian DHS 2014 survey. The results depicted that about 2% of Egyptian children were severely wasted, with the prevalence of wasting being around 8%. It was discovered that across the WHZ distribution, the child's features, maternal characteristics, father's education, and social factors had significant but varied contributions in explaining the wasting status of under‐5 children. It was revealed that female children had a significant weight advantage, notably 0.21 standard deviation (SD) higher weight at the 95th quantile over their male counterparts. The WHZ score was also found to be significantly positively associated with both age and household's wealth status at the lower and upper tails of the WHZ distribution, respectively. Moreover, in comparison with children whose mothers were underweight, those whose mothers were normal or overweight had higher WHZ scores, with a 1.45 SD increase in WHZ scores at the 95th quantile for mothers who were normal weights. Furthermore, the children who were breastfed, whose mothers received antenatal care (ANC) services, and/or who had educated parents had an advantage in terms of WHZ scores than their counterparts. In addition, the children with higher birth order and/or who resided in urban areas had weight disadvantages compared to their counterparts. Therefore, in order to improve children's nutritional status and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, the government and public–private owner organizations must work together at the community level focusing on vulnerable groups.
Age, petrogenesis, and metamorphic modelling of high‐pressure garnet‐amphibolite from the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence of Bhagirathi Valley, Western Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Sen Aranya , Dey Alosree , Sen Koushik
Published: November 2022

The Cenozoic Himalayan Orogeny is a manifestation of subduction and subsequent collision of the Indian lithosphere with the Asian Plate in the Eocene, resulting in the formation of intra‐terrane shear zones and regional metamorphic belt along the strike of the entire orogen. This metamorphic belt contains high‐pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks (garnet‐amphibolite, late‐stage granulite, and host gneisses) at various structural levels in the Himalayas. In the present study, we carried out geochemical, chronological, and metamorphic modelling of an exotic tschermakite‐bearing garnet‐amphibolite unit exposed within the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence of Western Garhwal Himalaya of India. Bulk‐rock geochemistry suggests the protolith's tholeiitic fractionation trend and trachy‐andesitic nature. U–Pb geochronology of zircon reveals an age spectrum with pronounced clusters at ~1,550 Ma, ~1,350 Ma, 1,100–1,150 Ma, 900–930 Ma, and ~550 Ma. There is a possibility that the protolith of the HP garnet amphibolite is magmatic. However, near‐concordant ages at certain intervals might suggest crustal components from multiple sources. Integrated geothermobarometry and P–T pseudosection modelling indicate high‐P/medium‐T conditions (~1.65 GPa and 650°C) of peak metamorphism. Based on these results, we infer that this garnet‐amphibolite represents pre‐Himalayan Indian lower crust and during India–Asia collision. The leading edge of the Indian continental lithosphere subducted where mafic and some of the felsic lithologies underwent HP garnet‐amphibolite facies metamorphism, and after a possible slab break‐off, these rocks exhumed during the Himalayan orogeny.
Acceptability, feasibility and preliminary impact evaluation of a pilot text‐message study on improving the health of Aboriginal people with, or at risk of, chronic disease in Australia
Authors: Waller Karen , Furber Susan , Bauman Adrian
Published: November 2022

Issue addressed

Aboriginal people experience higher rates of chronic disease than other Australians, largely due to modifiable risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and preliminary impact of a pilot text‐message program on improving the health of Aboriginal people with, or at risk of, chronic disease.

Methods

A before and after study using a convenience sample of Aboriginal Australian adults determined the impact of a 6‐month healthy lifestyle text‐message intervention on lifestyle behavioural measures including nutrition, physical activity and smoking. Process evaluation of participants and program facilitators determined program acceptability and feasibility.

Results

Twenty Aboriginal people enrolled in the study, with high study completion and program acceptability. The two program facilitators reported the low‐cost automated text‐message program to be highly acceptable, feasible to deliver and led to environmental program changes. Preliminary impact data showed significant improvements in vegetable consumption at 3 and 6 months, but not for other health outcome measures.

Conclusions

The text‐message program was highly acceptable and feasible to deliver, and has potential as an adjunct to usual care. Further research is required to determine program efficacy with a larger sample size.

So what?

Text‐messages to improve the health of Aboriginal people are highly acceptable, feasible to deliver and can complement existing community‐led group programs. Further testing of this low‐cost program is warranted to determine program efficacy.
A relational perspective on supervisor‐initiated turnover: Implications for human resource management based on a multi‐method investigation of leader–member exchange relationships
Authors: Becker Laura , Ertz Elias , Büttgen Marion
Published: November 2022

Despite the great emphasis organizations and human resource management (HRM) research place on turnover issues, one turnover phenomenon has received only limited attention so far: joint leader–member turnover. This research examines supervisor‐initiated turnover (SIT) (i.e., employees' decision to quit their employer to follow a former supervisor to a new organization) and develops a comprehensive model of the SIT decision process, grounded on conservation of resources (COR) theory, that delineates the resource evaluation, conservation and investment deliberations of employees. We take a relational perspective and particularly focus on the leader–member relationship as an important antecedent of SIT and thereby respond to the call for more critical investigations of leader–member exchange (LMX) and corresponding HRM implications. Our three studies (survey, scenario experiment, and dyadic interview study) demonstrate that LMX positively affects SIT intentions (SITI) and that supervisor commitment represents an important mediating mechanism of the LMX–SITI relationship. Our interview study with 46 leader–member dyads identifies relational factors that promote or hinder SIT beyond the leader–member relationship. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications for HRM.
Natural convection coupled to surface radiation in an air‐filled square cavity containing two heat‐generating bodies
Authors: Hidki Rachid , El Moutaouakil Lahcen , Boukendil Mohammed , Charqui Zouhair , Zrikem Zaki , Abdelbaki Abdelhalim
Published: November 2022

The present numerical study focuses on the cooling by natural convection and surface radiation of two electronic components generating two different and uniform volumetric powers. These components are modeled by two square bodies placed inside a closed square cavity with a cold straight wall. Two configurations are analyzed based on the position of the two heat‐generating bodies. In the first one (horizontal position configuration), the two bodies are located at the same height of the cavity, while they are placed at different heights in the second case (vertical position configuration). The effects of two Rayleigh numbers (), the conductivity ratio (), and the emissivity () on the heat transfer characteristics and the flow structure are analyzed. The data is displayed as streamlines, isotherms, velocity, and maximum temperature profiles, and local heat transfer on the active wall. The obtained results indicate that the choice of the appropriate configuration depends mainly on the deviation between the two Rayleigh numbers. Furthermore, the maximum temperature of a specific block decreases as the quantity of heat generated by the other block rises. We can also see that the maximum temperature of the two blocks decreases by about with the increase in the emissivity (from to ) or the conductivity ratio (from to ).
Preterm‐born children's development: A bioecological perspective
Authors: Barra Lisseth , Coo Soledad
Published: November 2022

Preterm birth is a biological risk factor for developmental problems. Infants born preterm are more likely to present difficulties and potential delays in all areas of development. The aim of the present review is to apply Bronfenbrenner´s bioecological model of human development to understand the factors that shape the developmental trajectories of infants born preterm. This model offers a developmental science perspective, which considers the dynamic interaction of diverse processes and contextual factors across the lifespan to explain developmental trajectories. Firstly, the article provides key definitions associated with preterm birth and the relevance of this condition from a public health perspective. Secondly, we describe why preterm birth is a neurobiological risk factor for optimal development. Then, we describe the components of the bioecological model, provide examples associated with infants born preterm, and describe available evidence on how psychosocial factors influence development in this population. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors that influence the development of infants born preterm from an integrative and complex perspective and discuss some implications of using this approach for clinical practices oriented to infants born preterm.

Highlights

Preterm birth is a relevant public health problem.

Child development in preterm‐born infants has been studied mainly from a biomedical perspective.

Prematurity is analysed from a developmental science perspective, specifically from the bioecological model.

Growing up in adverse psychosocial contexts may negatively impact premature children.

Developmental sciences may contribute to clinical practices and research related to preterm infants.
Multiplexed genome editing by in vivo electroporation of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins effectively induces endometrial carcinoma in mice
Authors: Kobayashi Ryosuke , Kawabata‐Iwakawa Reika , Sugiyama Makoto , Oyama Tetsunari , Ohtsuka Masato , Horii Takuro , Morita Sumiyo , Nishiyama Masahiko , Hatada Izuho
Published: November 2022

Synergistic effects among multiple gene mutations are involved in cancer development and progression. However, developing genetically modified mouse models to analyze various combinations of mutations is extremely labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. To address these problems, we developed a novel method for in vivo multiplexed genome editing of the murine uterus to model human endometrial carcinoma (EMC). To do this, we injected a CRISPR‐Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex into the uterine cavity of adult female mice, followed by electroporation. Evaluation of reporter mice demonstrated that genome editing occurred specifically in uterine epithelial cells, which are the origin of EMCs. Simultaneous targeting of Pten/Trp53/Lkb1, or targeting of Pten/Lkb1 along with the Ctnnb1ΔEx3 mutation, resulted in efficient generation of invasive tumors in wild‐type females within 3 months. This novel method will enable rapid and easy validation of many combinations of gene mutations that lead to endometrial carcinogenesis.
Chemical Biology Approaches to Understanding Neuronal O−GlcNAcylation
Authors: Huynh Duc Tan , Boyce Michael
Published: November 2022

O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O−GlcNAc) is a ubiquitous post‐translational modification in mammals, decorating thousands of intracellular proteins. O−GlcNAc cycling is an essential regulator of myriad aspects of cell physiology and is dysregulated in numerous human diseases. Notably, O−GlcNAcylation is abundant in the brain and numerous studies have linked aberrant O−GlcNAc signaling to various neurological conditions. However, the complexity of the nervous system and the dynamic nature of protein O−GlcNAcylation have presented challenges for studying of neuronal O−GlcNAcylation. In this context, chemical approaches have been a particularly valuable complement to conventional cellular, biochemical, and genetic methods to understand O−GlcNAc signaling and to develop future therapeutics. Here we review selected recent examples of how chemical tools have empowered efforts to understand and rationally manipulate O−GlcNAcylation in mammalian neurobiology.
A review of monkeypox infection during pregnancy
Authors: Farah Stephanie , Nasr Elena , Ramadan Aya , Sayad Edouard , Jallad Karl
Published: November 2022

The present study aimed to review monkeypox infection during pregnancy: its epidemiology and etiology, transmission, clinical manifestations and complications, diagnosis, management, antenatal testing and delivery, prevention, awareness, and recommendations. Monkeypox can spread via vertical transmission. The usual clinical symptoms include fever, rash (vesicles, crust), new genital lesions, or sore throat. It is only recommended to use cidofovir in pregnant patients when they are severely infected with monkeypox. All woman who are at high risk of exposure for monkeypox need to be vaccinated with the smallpox vaccine regardless of their pregnancy status. Monitoring includes regular non‐stress test monitoring in addition to ultrasound performed at various stages of pregnancy. High index of suspicion, informed physicians, reporting of cases, and support of research are all needed for the management of monkeypox infection during pregnancy.
Economic analysis of irrigation in the production system of soybean and second‐season maize in sandy soil areas in Brazil
Authors: Gava Ricardo , Campos Flávio Henrique , Duarte Coelho Rubens , Teixeira de Oliveira Job , Barros Timóteo Herculino da Silva
Published: November 2022

The objective of the present work was to perform an economic analysis of centre‐pivot irrigation implantation on a sandy soil area with different previous land uses. Thus, it was possible to analyse three initial soil conditions inside (irrigated) and outside (rainfed) the centre pivot. The opening area (P1) was characterized by soybean planting for the first time after degraded pasture, P2 consisted of the second year of harvesting soybean/maize second season, and P3 consisted of the third year of harvest. Two crops were evaluated: soybean and maize. The centre‐pivot irrigation system was not profitable at the earliest stage of soil recovery (P1) immediately after degraded pasture because soil fertility limited yields. There was a 23% and 33% increase in soybean yield for the areas with 2 years (P2) and 3 years (P3) of soil recovery, respectively, compared to the first year. However, second‐season maize had an increased yield of 19% for the third‐year area (P3) compared to the first year (P1). Profit increased from P3 to P1 by $1541 ha−1 for soybean, $2654 ha−1 for maize and $2097 ha−1 overall. Irrigation treatments increased profit by 45%.
Development of the Sudan agricultural sector model for policy impact analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Yosif A. , Abdel‐Magid Hisham , Ali Hassan A.
Published: November 2022

An agricultural sector model is developed for Sudan to study the impact of different policy interventions on enhancing agricultural productivity and efficient water use for irrigation. The model considers three farming systems (irrigation, mechanized and traditional rainfed systems). The country is divided into five geographic regions (central, eastern, northern, Kordofan and Darfur regions). The input to the model consists of six key agricultural inputs: land, water, labour, machinery, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. The model is designed to optimize the production activities for 10 major crops that include cotton, wheat, sorghum, millet, groundnut, sesame, sugar cane, banana, beans and dates. The General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) optimization engine is used to optimize the allocation of resources with the objective of maximizing the net economic returns from agricultural production activities. The model is calibrated using long‐term average historical records for the period 1970–2018. The results showed good model prediction capability in meeting the domestic demand and in explaining the key variables that influence the farming activities across the regions.
Role of ultrasonography in evaluation of perianal fistula—A study of 200 cases
Authors: Kachare Manohar , Khan Alamgir
Published: November 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of transrectal, transvaginal, or transperineal ultrasound (US) in evaluation of perianal fistula and to assess the possibility of its role as a first‐line investigation for diagnosis and for follow‐up as well as a possible substitute for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study of 200 patients. All the patients complaining of discharging wound, acute or chronic pain in the perianal region and patients suspected clinically having perianal sinus/fistula, referred for ultrasound evaluation were included in the study. Male patients were scanned by transrectal and transperineal ultrasound, and females by transrectal, transvaginal and transperineal approach. All the patients were followed up with referring surgeon till surgical cure, discharge, and follow‐up. Out of total 200 patients, 47 were female and 153 were male patients. Patients were in age range from 16 to 74 years. The path, direction, extent, diameter and internal branching and openings of tracts were recorded. Presence, location and extent of any collection/abscess was also noted.

Results

Fistulae and sinus tracts are seen as hypo to anechoic tracts ranging from 2 to 10 mm in diameter. Air and mixed echogenic moving collection were noted in active tracts. Fibrous tracts were seen as well defined, echogenic structures. Depending on the chronicity and localization, walls of abscesses appeared ill defined or well defined. Findings of transrectal, transvaginal, and transperineal USG were confirmed with intraoperative findings in 200 cases. Out of which 148 patients were followed up clinically till tracts were closed. In 54 patients, there was recurrence that were operated again and followed up with ultrasound. In total 33 had internal collection along the tracts and in the perianal region.

Conclusion

Transrectal, transvaginal, and perineal ultrasound together have the potential to reach the sensitivity of MRI. Ultrasound has its greatest advantage in being cheap, easily reproducible and an excellent modality for follow‐up.
Oral health literacy education and practice in US dental hygiene programs: A national survey
Authors: Lawler Heather M. , Farrell Chris , Fitzgerald Mark , Jones Darlene , Cullen Jennifer
Published: November 2022

Purpose/Objectives

Studies have shown a significant relationship between low oral health literacy (OHL) and poor oral health outcomes. National calls for action include better training of dental providers to meet the needs of the low OHL public. The purpose of this research was to determine the extent OHL education is being included in US dental hygiene (DH) education programs.

Methods

In fall of 2020, a 23‐item digital survey was sent to 321 Commission on Dental Accreditation‐accredited DH schools in the US.

Results

Survey generated 90 eligible responses (28%). Respondents reported that OHL education is being included in DH curricula to some degree. Communication strategies (82.4%) were the most likely OHL concept to be taught. Subject areas included community health (89%), cultural competency (78%), and special populations (78%). Respondents ranked lack of assessment instruments, lack of concrete activities, lack of clear understanding of OHL, and difficulty in implementing OHL concepts as the top barriers to incorporating OHL education in the DH curriculum.

Conclusion(s)

OHL is an established determinant of oral health. As prevention and patient education experts, dental hygienists play an important role in improving patient OHL. More fully integrating OHL into DH curricula would provide future DHs with the training needed to improve oral health outcomes and would better align DH education programs with national OHL initiatives.
Influence of different education approaches on the implantation performance of dental practitioners in aesthetic zone
Authors: Wu Fan , Liu Lipeng , Zhao Yuqing , Wu Gaoyi , Chen Lei , Wang Jing
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To investigate the influence of different education approaches on the implantation performance (operation time, three‐dimensional deviation) of inexperienced operators.

Methods

Eighteen students who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to traditional training group or digital training group. After training, the average operation time and implant deviation (platform deviation, apex deviation, and angle deviation) of the two groups were calculated by Student's t‐test. A self‐developed questionnaire was used to evaluate the students’ grasp of clinical knowledge and skill.

Result

Compared with the traditional training group, the duration of implant installation and temporary prosthesis placement of the digital training group decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The implant deviation of the digital training group was lower than that of the traditional training group. The apex deviation (p = 0.015) and angle deviation (p = 0.015) significantly improved with digital training, but differences in platform deviation (p = 0.065) were not statistically significant. The questionnaire survey showed that the overall perception of the inexperienced operators in the digital training group was better than that in the traditional training group.

Conclusion

In the hands of inexperienced operators, digital training reduced the operation time and improved the implant accuracy in comparison with traditional training.
Antioxidative properties of fish roe peptides combined with polyphenol on the fish oil oleogel
Authors: Zhang Huadan , Yang Xinyi , Zhong Rongbin , Huo Yuming , Zhu Yujie , Liang Peng
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the effects of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) roe protein hydrolysate (LYCPH)–polyphenol (catechin (CA), gallic acid (GA), and tannic acid (TA)) conjugates on the oxidative stability of fish oil in an oleogel system.

RESULTS

Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that the LYCPH–polyphenol conjugates were nearly spherical and non‐covalent and that covalent effects could coexist between LYCPH and polyphenols. LYCPH–TA exhibited the highest ABTS scavenging, reducing capacities, and emulsifying stability. Raman spectra and chemometrics revealed that LYCPH–TA loaded with oleogels had the best oxidative stability. Additionally, 32 volatile compounds were identified in fish oil by headspace gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry.

CONCLUSION

Overall, this study demonstrated that fish oil oleogels loaded with LYCPH–polyphenol conjugates could inhibit fish oil oxidation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intervertebral disc degeneration and how it leads to low back pain
Authors: Diwan Ashish D. , Melrose James
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this review was to evaluate data generated by animal models of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration published in the last decade and show how this has made invaluable contributions to the identification of molecular events occurring in and contributing to pain generation. IVD degeneration and associated spinal pain is a complex multifactorial process, its complexity poses difficulties in the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic target to focus on of many potential candidates in the formulation of strategies to alleviate pain perception and to effect disc repair and regeneration and the prevention of associated neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Nerve ingrowth and increased numbers of nociceptors and mechanoreceptors in the degenerate IVD are mechanically stimulated in the biomechanically incompetent abnormally loaded degenerate IVD leading to increased generation of low back pain. Maintenance of a healthy IVD is, thus, an important preventative measure that warrants further investigation to preclude the generation of low back pain. Recent studies with growth and differentiation factor 6 in IVD puncture and multi‐level IVD degeneration models and a rat xenograft radiculopathy pain model have shown it has considerable potential in the prevention of further deterioration in degenerate IVDs, has regenerative properties that promote recovery of normal IVD architectural functional organization and inhibits the generation of inflammatory mediators that lead to disc degeneration and the generation of low back pain. Human clinical trials are warranted and eagerly anticipated with this compound to assess its efficacy in the treatment of IVD degeneration and the prevention of the generation of low back pain.
Preparation of spherical silica hydroxyl‐functionalized covalent organic polymer composites for mixed‐mode liquid chromatography
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Xiang , Fan Kun , Luo Pan , Peng Huanjun , Peng Jingdong
Published: November 2022

Covalent organic polymers are an emerging class of amorphous microporous materials that have raised increasing concerns in analytical chemistry due to their unique structural and surface chemical properties. However, the application of covalent organic polymers as mixed‐mode stationary phases in chromatographic separations has rarely been reported. Herein, novel spherical silica hydroxyl‐functionalized covalent organic polymer composites were successfully prepared via a layer‐by‐layer approach. The structure and morphology of the materials were carefully characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, and contact angle measurements. Baseline separations of various alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nucleosides and bases were achieved on the prepared stationary phase under reversed‐phase/hydrophilic interaction mode. The column efficiencies of 23 853 and 36 580 plates/m were obtained for butylbenzene and uracil, respectively, and the relative standard deviation of the retention time for continuous injections was less than 1.38% (n = 10), suggesting satisfactory column efficiency and repeatability. Additionally, this novel stationary phase realized the complete separation of the endocrine‐disrupting chemicals in river water. This work affords a new route for synthesizing covalent organic polymers‐based mixed‐mode stationary phase and further reveals their great potential in chromatographic separation.
Supramolecular Elastomers with Excellent Dielectric Properties and High Recyclability Based on the Coordinative Bond
Authors: Xu Yunfan , Lu Shilong , Wei Zengyue , Feng Shengyu
Published: November 2022

The enhancement in dielectric properties and self‐healing ability for dielectric materials has been a challenging subject these years. Herein, a series of self‐healed dielectric elastomers by combining the ferric ions and carboxyl‐containing poly(sulfone siloxane)s is reported. Experimental results indicate the excellent dielectric properties of obtained elastomers, as the dielectric constant up to 12.8. SEM micrographs exhibit that carboxyl groups and ferric ions can aggregate together to generate clusters, which further result in interfacial polarization. Besides, high polarity dipole units including sulfonyl units and carboxyl groups contribute to dipole polarization. The overlay of the two mentioned polarization eventually results in the high dielectric property. The dielectric constant obviously increases with the contents of carboxyl groups and ferric ions. Moreover, the samples are feasible for recycling and reprocessing with high self‐healing efficiency, owing to the reversibility of the coordination bond. A self‐healing efficiency of 92.1% in tensile strength of the obtained samples can be reached after 2 h treatment at 60 °C. And the elastomers can also conveniently recover most mechanical properties after solution treatment. This work may offer a promising method for preparing dielectric elastomers with high dielectric properties and self‐healing ability.