bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adipose tissue: a neglected organ in the response to severe trauma?
Authors: Wrba Lisa , Halbgebauer Rebecca , Roos Julian , Huber-Lang Markus , Fischer-Posovszky Pamela
Published: March 2022

Despite the manifold recent efforts to improve patient outcomes, trauma still is a clinical and socioeconomical issue of major relevance especially in younger people. The systemic immune reaction after severe injury is characterized by a strong pro- and anti-inflammatory response. Besides its functions as energy storage depot and organ-protective cushion, adipose tissue regulates vital processes via its secretion products. However, there is little awareness of the important role of adipose tissue in regulating the posttraumatic inflammatory response. In this review, we delineate the local and systemic role of adipose tissue in trauma and outline different aspects of adipose tissue as an immunologically active modifier of inflammation and as an immune target of injured remote organs after severe trauma.
The beneficial effect of csDMARDs co-medication on drug persistence of first-line TNF inhibitor in rheumatoid arthritis patients: data from Czech ATTRA registry
Authors: Skácelová Martina , Nekvindová Lucie , Mann Heřman , Závada Jakub , Křístková Zlatuše , Vencovský Jiří , Pavelka Karel , Horák Pavel ,   the ATTRA Registry
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to compare treatment retention for first-line TNF inhibitor (TNFi) in the ATTRA registry patients receiving either combination with conventional synthetic DMARDs or TNFi as monotherapy. A retrospective multicenter study analyzed data of all adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 3032) starting TNF inhibitor as the first-line biological therapy in combination with csDMARDs or in monotherapy from January 1st 2012 to December 31st 2020. Kaplan–Meier method was employed to calculate drug retentions. Survival curves of treatment retentions were compared through Log-rank test between the studied subgroups. The hazard ratio for drug discontinuation was assessed through univariate cox regression models. In patients who started the first line TNFi therapy, the median treatment retention was 47.7 (42.2; 53.1) months for combination therapy and 22.7 (14.9; 30.6) months for TNFi monotherapy (p < 0.001). Estimated one-year survival was higher in patients on TNFi combined with csDMARDs as compared with TNFi monotherapy (75.3% vs 65.7%); two-year survival rate was 63.2% vs 49.2%, three-year survival rate was 55.4% vs 42.4% and five-year survival 44.9% vs 26.4% of patients. The estimated survival on the first TNFi was higher in patients taking combination therapy with methotrexate than with other csDMARDs (p = 0.003). Use of csDMARDs co-medication was associated with significantly better first TNFi drug survival compared to monotherapy. The combination of TNFi with MTX is more effective than the combination with leflunomide, which did not demonstrate a significant effect.
Cellular senescence and acute kidney injury
Authors: Lin Xiaoxi , Jin Heng , Chai Yanfen , Shou Songtao
Published: March 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical complication characterized by a sudden deterioration of the kidney’s excretory function, which normally occurs secondary to another serious illness. AKI is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurrence and progression to kidney failure. It is, therefore, crucial to block the development of AKI as early as possible. To date, existing animal studies have shown that senescence occurs in the early stage of AKI and is extremely critical to prognosis. Cellular senescence is an irreversible process of cell cycle arrest that is accompanied by alterations at the transcriptional, metabolic, and secretory levels along with modified cellular morphology and chromatin organization. Acute cellular senescence tends to play an active role, whereas chronic senescence plays a dominant role in the progression of AKI to CKD. The occurrence of chronic senescence is inseparable from senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and senescence-related pathways. SASP acts on normal cells to amplify the senescence signal through senescence-related pathways. Senescence can be improved by initiating reprogramming, which plays a crucial role in blocking the progression of AKI to CKD. This review integrates the existing studies on senescence in AKI from several aspects to find meaningful research directions to improve the prognosis of AKI and prevent the progression of CKD.
Mitigating jacket offshore platform vibration under earthquake and ocean waves utilizing tuned inerter damper
Authors: Xu Tiancheng , Li Yancheng , Leng Dingxin
Published: March 2022

The unwanted vibrations of offshore structures induced by wave or earthquake loads can lead to the reduction of the service life and fatigue failure of the offshore platforms. This paper introduces tuned inerter damper (TID) to a jacket offshore platform as passive control device for mitigating the excessive vibrations of platform structure induced by wave and earthquake loads. An analytical design method is proposed for jacket platforms and the influence of installation location on the modal response is investigated. The proposed design method can determine the optimal installation position and obtain the optimal design parameters by transform the original multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) system to a single DOF (SDOF) modal system. Two sets of closed-form solutions of which corresponding to wave and earthquake excitations are derived based on the $${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$$

H
2

optimization criterion. Further, a practical 90 (m) high and 80 (m) deep in-water jacket offshore platform is used in numerical simulation and the wave forces are modeled using Morison’s equation. The case study finds that the optimal installation location of TID is deck level for both wave and earthquake loads. The proposed design method is validated by the numerical example and the results demonstrate that TID system can effectively mitigate the maximum, minimum, and RMS responses of jacket platforms. Besides, the TID is more effective when the jacket platform is under the action of waves and the tuning of TID according to earthquake load is more reliable when the jacket platform subjected to both wave and seismic loads.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Anti-inflammatory Effects of Novel P2X4 Receptor Antagonists, NC-2600 and NP-1815-PX, in a Murine Model of Colitis
Authors: D’Antongiovanni Vanessa , Pellegrini Carolina , Benvenuti Laura , Fornai Matteo , Di Salvo Clelia , Natale Gianfranco , Ryskalin Larisa , Bertani Lorenzo , Lucarini Elena , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Ghelardini Carla , Nemeth Zoltan H. , Haskó György , Antonioli Luca
Published: March 2022

Abstract

The pharmacological blockade of P2X4 receptors has shown potential benefits in the management of several immune/inflammatory diseases. However, data regarding the involvement of P2X4 receptors in the pathophysiological mechanisms of action in intestinal inflammation are not well defined. We aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of two novel and selective P2X4 receptor antagonists, NC-2600 and NP-1815-PX, and characterize the molecular mechanisms of their action in a murine model of 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis. These two drugs and dexamethasone (DEX) were administered orally for 6 days, immediately after the manifestation of DNBS. The body weight decrease, resulting from colitis, was attenuated by NC-2600 and NP-1815-PX, but not DEX. However, all three drugs attenuated the increase in spleen weight and ameliorated macroscopic and microscopic colonic tissue damage. Furthermore, all three compounds decreased tissue IL-1β levels and caspase-1 expression and activity. Colonic tissue increase of tumor necrosis factor was downregulated by DEX, while both NC-2600 and NP-1815-PX were ineffective. The reduction of occludin associated with colitis was ameliorated by NC-2600 and NP-1815-PX, but not DEX. In THP-1 cells, lipopolysaccharide and ATP upregulated IL-1β release and NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-5, and caspase-8 activity, but not of caspase-4. These changes were prevented by NC-2600 and NP-1815-PX treatment. For the first time, the above findings show that the selective inhibition of P2X4 receptors represents a viable approach to manage bowel inflammation via the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.
lncRNA BDNF-AS Attenuates Propofol-Induced Apoptosis in HT22 Cells by Modulating the BDNF/TrkB Pathway
Authors: Xu Yu-Hai , Luo Yuan , Cao Jiang-Bei , Liu Yan-Hong , Song Yu-Xiang , Zhang Xiao-Ying , Fu Qiang , Mi Wei-Dong , Li Hao
Published: March 2022

Propofol is widely used as an intravenous anesthetic in clinical practice. Previous studies have indicated that propofol induces apoptosis in neurons. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor, is associated with neuronal apoptosis. BDNF-AS, a relatively conserved long non-coding RNA, can reverse the transcription of BDNF. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of BDNF-AS in propofol-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells. HT22 cells were treated with various concentrations of propofol at different time points. BDNF-AS was silenced using BDNF-AS-targeting siRNA. TrkB was antagonized by the TrkB inhibitor, ANA-12. Flow cytometry, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and western blotting were performed to analyze apoptosis and the expression of genes and proteins, respectively. In propofol-treated HT22 cells, BDNF-AS was upregulated, and BDNF was downregulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner. BDNF-AS downregulation mediated by siRNA mitigated apoptosis, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, and downregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3, 7, and 9. ANA-12 downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, upregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3, 7, and 9, and increased apoptosis. Our study implied that inhibition of BDNF-AS can decrease propofol-induced apoptosis by activating the BDNF/TrkB pathway. Thus, the BDNF-AS-BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway may be a valuable target for treating propofol-induced neurotoxicity.
How Does Land Cover and Its Heterogeneity Length Scales Affect the Formation of Summertime Shallow Cumulus Clouds in Observations From the US Southern Great Plains?
Authors: Tian Jingjing , Zhang Yunyan , Klein Stephen A. , Öktem Rusen , Wang Likun
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the effects of heterogeneous land covers on shallow cumulus (ShCu) clouds at the US Southern Great Plains using high‐resolution satellite and land cover data. During late summer, ShCu occurs over cities the most frequently and over open waters the least frequently, and more often over forest than over grassland. The preferential occurrence of ShCu over forest relative to grassland is consistent with surface measurements showing larger heat fluxes over forests. This preferential occurrence also varies with the length scales of land patches with the largest cloud occurrence difference shifting from smaller length scales (<9 km) during midday to larger scales (>9 km) in the early afternoon. Consistent with theory, these signals are more pronounced under low wind conditions. The preferential length scale shift with time suggests the existence of secondary circulations that strengthen and promote convergence over larger spatial scales as the differential land surface heating intensifies.
Uncertainty Quantification of Eruption Source Parameters Estimated From Tephra Fall Deposits
Authors: Constantinescu R. , White J. T. , Connor C. B. , Hopulele‐Gligor A. , Charbonnier S. , Thouret J.‐C. , Lindsay J. M. , Bertin D.
Published: March 2022

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) in eruption source parameters, like tephra volume, plume height, and umbrella cloud radius, is a challenge for volcano scientists because tephra deposits are often sparsely sampled due to burial, erosion, and related factors. We find that UQ is improved by coupling an advection‐diffusion model with two Bayesian inversion approaches: (a) a robust but computationally expensive Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation algorithm, and (b) a more approximate but inexpensive parameter estimation algorithm combined with first‐order, second‐moment uncertainty estimation. We apply the two inversion methods to one sparsely sampled tephra fall unit from the 2070 BP El Misti (Peru) eruption and obtain: Tephra mass 0.78–1.4 × 1011 kg; umbrella cloud radius 4.5–16.5 km, and plume height 8–35 km (95% confidence intervals). These broad ranges demonstrate the significance of UQ for eruption classification based on mapped deposits, which has implications for hazard management.
A Machine Learning‐Based Approach to Clinopyroxene Thermobarometry: Model Optimization and Distribution for Use in Earth Sciences
Authors: Jorgenson C. , Higgins O. , Petrelli M. , Bégué F. , Caricchi L.
Published: March 2022

Thermobarometry is a fundamental tool to quantitatively interrogate magma plumbing systems and broaden our appreciation of volcanic processes. Developments in random forest‐based machine learning lend themselves to a data‐driven approach to clinopyroxene thermobarometry, allowing users to access large experimental data sets that can be tailored to individual applications in Earth Sciences. We present a methodological assessment of random forest thermobarometry using the R freeware package extraTrees. We investigate the model performance, the effect of hyperparameter tuning, and assess different methods for calculating uncertainties. Deviating from the default hyperparameters used in the extraTrees package results in little difference in overall model performance (<0.2 kbar and <3°C difference in standard error estimate, SEE). However, accuracy is greatly affected by how the final value from the distribution of trees in the random forest is selected (mean, median, or mode). Using the mean value leads to higher residuals between experimental and predicted P and T, whereas using median values produces smaller residuals. Additionally, this work provides two scripts for users to apply the methodology to natural data sets. The first script permits modification and filtering of the model calibration data set. The second script contains premade models, where users can rapidly input their data to recover PT estimates (SEE clinopyroxene‐only model: 3.2 kbar, 72.5°C and liquid‐clinopyroxene model: 2.7 kbar, 44.9°C). Additionally, the scripts allow the user to estimate the uncertainty for each analysis, which in some cases is significantly smaller than the reported SEE. These scripts are open source and can be accessed at https://github.com/corinjorgenson/RandomForest-cpx-thermobarometer.
A Combined Cosmogenic Nuclides Approach for Determining the Temperature‐Dependence of Erosion
Authors: Dennis Donovan P. , Scherler Dirk
Published: March 2022

Physical weathering in cold, steep bedrock hillslopes occurs at rates that are thought to depend on temperature, but our ability to quantify the temperature‐dependence of erosion remains limited when integrating over geomorphic timescales. Here, we present results from a 1D numerical model of in‐situ cosmogenic 10Be, 14C, and 3He concentrations that evolve as a function of erosion rate, erosion style, and ground surface temperature. We used the model to explore the suitability of these nuclides for quantifying erosion rates in areas undergoing non‐steady state erosion, as well as the relationship between bedrock temperature, erosion rate, and erosional stochasticity. Our results suggest that even in stochastically eroding settings, 10Be‐derived erosion rates of amalgamated samples can be used to estimate long‐term erosion rates, but infrequent large events can lead to bias. The ratio of 14C to 10Be can be used to evaluate erosional stochasticity, and to determine the offset between an apparent 10Be‐derived erosion rate and the long‐term rate. Finally, the concentration of 3He relative to that of 10Be, and the paleothermometric interpretations derived from it, are unaffected by erosional stochasticity. These findings, discussed in the context of bedrock hillslopes in mountainous regions, indicate that the 10Be‐14C‐3He system in quartz offers a method to evaluate the temperature‐sensitivity of bedrock erosion rates in cold, high‐alpine environments.
Multi‐Stage Growth in the North Margin of the Qinling Orogen, Central China, Revealed by Both Low‐Temperature Thermochronology and River Profile Inversion
Authors: Wang Yizhou , Li Chaopeng , Hao Yuqi , Zheng Dewen , Zhang Huiping , Yu Jingxing , Pang Jianzhang
Published: March 2022

The Qinling orogen formed as a result of the convergence between North and South China Blocks and was reactivated by India‐Asia collision and/or Pacific subduction in the Cenozoic. We presented new apatite U‐Th/He age‐elevation profiles in the northern margin of the Qinling Mountains and observed Oligocene pulse of rapid exhumation. Thermal modeling on our data (by the HeFTy program) revealed another two early cooling episodes, that is, in the early Cretaceous and the early Cenozoic. Besides, increases in the mountain uplift rates since the late Miocene were retrieved from a linear inversion on modern channel longitudinal profiles. Combining previous studies, we proposed possible geodynamic regimes underlying the multi‐stage cooling and exhumation pattern in the north Qinling. We interpreted the early Cretaceous cooling as a result of the southward intracontinental subduction of North China Block beneath South China Block. The early Cenozoic exhumation was under the Pacific back‐arc extension background and might be influenced by a far‐filed response to Eurasian and Indian plate's collision. The Oligocene phase could be mostly driven by West Pacific plate subduction beneath East Asia. And, the mountain uplift since the late Miocene could be triggered by the growth and expansion of the North East Tibetan Plateau.
Wetter California Projected by CMIP6 Models With Observational Constraints Under a High GHG Emission Scenario
Authors: Li Fa , Zhu Qing , Riley William J. , Yuan Kunxiaojia , Wu Huayi , Gui Zhipeng
Published: March 2022

As the world's fifth‐largest economy entity, California (CA) is vulnerable to climate changes especially the magnitude of winter (wet season) precipitation that is closely linked to regional drought severity, vegetation growth, and wildfire activities. However, the fate of CA precipitation in the future remains highly uncertain, for example, the state‐of‐the‐art Earth system models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) projected −3% to +42% and −27% to +63% precipitation changes in northern and central‐southern CA, respectively, under the high greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenario (SSP585). In this work, we applied the Pareto optimality concept and used observed teleconnection patterns (causal relationships between ocean regions and CA precipitation) to mechanistically constrain CMIP6 projected CA precipitations. We estimated that precipitation will robustly increase by 0.4–1.3 mm d−1 (10–34%) over northern CA and increase by 0.1–0.5 mm d−1 (7–32%) over central‐southern CA by the end of the 21st century compared with present‐day. Up to 71% of ESM projection uncertainties were reduced mainly due to the strong and consistent causal relationship between North American west coast sea level pressure and CA precipitation in both observations and CMIP6 models. Our results suggest that teleconnection patterns are powerful mechanistic constraints that can help explain and reduce uncertainties in ESM projections.
Extreme Precipitation Produced by Relatively Weak Convective Systems in the Tropics and Subtropics
Authors: Xu Weixin , Chen Hao , Wei Huihua , Luo Yali , Zhao Tongtiegang
Published: March 2022

This study investigates warm‐season extreme precipitation events (EPEs) with the focus on the less‐attended weak convection (WeEPEs) using spaceborne radar observations. WeEPEs are compared to EPEs with intense convection (InEPEs), including their frequency/location, convective structures, and storm environments. WeEPEs and InEPEs both account for about 30% of the EPEs, highlighting the importance of WeEPEs. Overland WeEPEs mainly occur over key monsoon regions and maximize over windward sides of coastal mountains likely due to orographic enhancement. WeEPEs develop under conditions with deep moist profiles and strengthened low‐level onshore flows. Radar, microwave, and lightning proxies all suggest a weak updraft and limited ice contents in WeEPEs. However, vertical radar profiles of WeEPEs exceptionally increase (∼15 dBZ) downward below the melting level, indicating substantial raindrop growth and/or concentration increase through very active warm‐rain processes. This study provides useful guidelines for evaluating high‐resolution model simulations and satellite rainfall retrievals on extreme precipitation.
On the Role of Whistler‐Mode Waves in Electron Interaction With Dipolarizing Flux Bundles
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Neishtadt A. I. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: March 2022

The magnetotail is the main source of energetic electrons for Earth’s inner magnetosphere. Electrons are adiabatically heated during flow bursts (rapid earthward motion of the plasma) within dipolarizing flux bundles (concurrent increases and dipolarizations of the magnetic field). The electron heating is evidenced near or within dipolarizing flux bundles as rapid increases in the energetic electron flux (10–100 keV); it is often referred to as injection. The anisotropy in the injected electron distributions, which is often perpendicular to the magnetic field, generates whistler‐mode waves, also commonly observed around such dipolarizing flux bundles. Test‐particle simulations reproduce several features of injections and electron adiabatic dynamics. However, the feedback of the waves on the electron distributions has been not incorporated into such simulations. This is because it has been unclear, thus far, whether incorporating such feedback is necessary to explain the evolution of the electron pitch‐angle and energy distributions from their origin, reconnection ejecta in the mid‐tail region, to their final destination, and the electron injection sites in the inner magnetosphere. Using an analytical model we demonstrate that wave feedback is indeed important for the evolution of electron distributions. Combining canonical guiding center theory and the mapping technique we model electron adiabatic heating and scattering by whistler‐mode waves around a dipolarizing flux bundle. Comparison with spacecraft observations allows us to validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. Specifically, we demonstrate that electron resonant interactions with whistler‐mode waves can indeed change markedly the pitch‐angle distribution of energetic electrons at the injection site and are thus critical to incorporate in order to explain the observations. We discuss the importance of such resonant interactions for injection physics and for magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
The GOES‐R Solar UltraViolet Imager
Authors: Darnel Jonathan M. , Seaton Daniel B. , Bethge Christian , Rachmeler Laurel , Jarvis Alison , Hill Steven M. , Peck Courtney L. , Hughes J. Marcus , Shapiro Jason , Riley Allyssa , Vasudevan Gopal , Shing Lawrence , Koener George , Edwards Chris , Mathur Dnyanesh , Timothy Shelbe
Published: March 2022

The four Solar Ultraviolet Imagers (SUVI) on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)‐16 and GOES‐17 and the upcoming GOES‐T and GOES‐U weather satellites serve as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's operational solar coronal imagers. These four identically designed solar Extreme UltraViolet instruments are similar in design and capability to the Solar Dynamics Observatory‐Atmospheric Imaging Assembly suite of solar telescopes, and are planned to operationally span two solar cycles or more, from 2017 through 2040. We present the concept of operations for the SUVI instruments, operational requirements, and constraints. The reader is also introduced to the instrument design, testing, and performance characteristics. Finally, the various data products are described along with their potential utility to the operational user or researcher.
3‐D Regional Ionosphere Imaging and SED Reconstruction With a New TEC‐Based Ionospheric Data Assimilation System (TIDAS)
Authors: Aa Ercha , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Erickson Philip J. , Wang Wenbin , Coster Anthea J. , Rideout William
Published: March 2022

A new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS) over the continental US and adjacent area (20°–60°N, 60°–130°W, and 100–600 km) has been developed through assimilating heterogeneous ionospheric data, including dense ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Total Electron Content (TEC) from 2,000+ receivers, Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate radio occultation data, JASON satellite altimeter TEC, and Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar measurements. A hybrid Ensemble‐Variational scheme is utilized to reconstruct the regional 3‐D electron density distribution: a more realistic and location‐dependent background error covariance matrix is calculated from an ensemble of corrected NeQuick outputs, and a three‐dimensional variational (3DVAR) method is adopted for measurement updates to obtain an optimal state estimation. The spatial‐temporal resolution of the reanalyzed 3‐D electron density product is as high as 1° × 1° in latitude and longitude, 20 km in altitude, and 5 min in universal time, which is sufficient to reproduce ionospheric fine structure and storm‐time disturbances. The accuracy and reliability of data assimilation results are validated using ionosonde and other measurements. TIDAS reanalyzed electron density is able to successfully reconstruct the 3‐D morphology and dynamic evolution of the storm‐enhanced density (SED) plume observed during the St. Patrick's day geomagnetic storm on 17 March 2013 with high fidelity. Using TIDAS, we found that the 3‐D SED plume manifests as a ridge‐like high‐density channel that predominantly occurred between 300 and 500 km during 19:00–21:00 UT for this event, with the F2 region peak height being raised by 40–60 km and peak density enhancement of 30%–50%.
Elimination of micropollutants by the solar/chlorine process: contribution of reactive species and formation risk of NDMA
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Nan , Wang Caiwen , Li Guangchao , Sun Julong , Zhu Shumin
Published: March 2022

Role of reactive species in the solar/chlorine process for elimination of diuron and risk of NDMA formation.
Structural alterations on the TEMPO scaffold and their impact on the performance as active materials for redox flow batteries
Authors: Rohland Philip , Nolte Oliver , Schreyer Kristin , Görls Helmar , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: March 2022

A comparative study was performed with five new and one known TMA-TEMPO derivatives, to elucidate the structure–stability relationship of the TEMPO scaffold and to investigate the influence on the battery performance.
Leveraging coordination chemistry in the design of bipolar energy storage materials for redox flow batteries
Authors: Skavenborg Mathias L. , McPherson James N. , Pasadakis-Kavounis Alexandros , Hjelm Johan , Waite T. David , McKenzie Christine J.
Published: March 2022

A new cobalt(ii) coordination complex, with two widely separated cobalt-centred redox processes, has been prepared and investigated as an energy storage material for bipolar redox flow batteries.
A carbon-functionality-appended diborylacetylene available for a component of organic synthesis and OLEDs
Authors: Tsukada Tetsuyoshi , Shoji Yoshiaki , Takenouchi Kumiko , Taka Hideo , Fukushima Takanori
Published: March 2022

Newly synthesized 1,2-diborylacetylene with planar 9-oxa-10-boraanthracene termini has excellent stability toward air and moisture and even allows thermal treatment for the preparation of thin films for OLEDs, and further it shows chemical reactivity typical of alkynes.
On the determination of Lennard-Jones parameters for polyatomic molecules
Authors: Mo Huangrui , You Xiaoqing , Luo Kai Hong , Robertson Struan H.
Published: March 2022

A new route to determining Lennard-Jones parameters of polyatomic molecules by introducing efficient iterative searching on PES and a new statistical averaging rule.
The synergistic effect of surface and bulk O vacancies in a WO3 photoanode to advance carrier separation and light harvesting for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Zhao Quanyou , Hao Zhichao , Meng Yue , Liu Zhifeng
Published: March 2022

We firstly revealed the respective roles and collaboratively effect of bulk and surface O vacancies (D-WO3−x) in WO3. The surface and bulk O vacancies leave active sites for reducing barriers and act as electron traps centers for promoting carrier separation.
Metallation of a gold(i) metalloligand with P,C-bridging phosphinoferrocenyl groups enables the construction of defined multimetallic arrays
Authors: Schulz Jiří , Císařová Ivana , Gyepes Róbert , Štěpnička Petr
Published: March 2022

Electrophilic metallation of a stable gold(i) metalloligand with group 11 metal ions opens access to defined multinuclear complexes stabilised by metallophilic interactions.
Characterization of the Brønsted acidity of PtSn/Al2O3surfaces by adsorption of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine
Authors: Rivet Quentin , Meyet Jordan , Rivallan Mickaël , Nardin Thibaud , Farrusseng David
Published: March 2022

The characterization of acid sites on solid catalysts is a key to understanding reaction mechanisms at the molecular level.
Ab initio, artificial neural network predictions and experimental synthesis of mischmetal alloying in Sm–Co permanent magnets
Authors: Giaremis Stefanos , Katsikas Georgios , Sempros Georgios , Gjoka Margarit , Sarafidis Charalambos , Kioseoglou Joseph
Published: March 2022

The partial substitution of Sm with mischmetal is investigated, by ab initio calculations, machine learning techniques and experimental synthesis, characterization.
Solid-state photochromic arylazopyrazole-based transition metal complexes
Authors: Gupta Debapriya , Gaur Ankit Kumar , Chauhan Deepanshu , Thakur Sandeep Kumar , Jeyapalan Vaitheesh , Singh Sanjay , Rajaraman Gopalan , Venkataramani Sugumar
Published: March 2022

A new class of photoactive and chelating ligands L1–3 and their transition metal complexes incorporated with phenylazo-3,5-dimethylpyrazole photoswitches.
Favorable photocatalytic properties of a GeS/GeS heterostructure by combining parallel and vertical electric fields: a theoretical study
Authors: Sui Kai , Li Mengmeng , Jin Cui , Jing Tao
Published: March 2022

Combining parallel and vertical electric fields in a GeS/GeS heterostructure can promote the transfer and exposure of photo-generated carriers to the surfaces or edges of different layers, thus obtaining favorable photocatalytic performance.
Image‐level dataset synthesis with an end‐to‐end trainable framework
Authors: Xue Zhenfeng , Mao Weijie , Liu Yong
Published: March 2022

Dataset synthesis via virtual engines like Unity is attracting much more attention in recent years due to its low cost at obtaining ground‐truth labels. For this kind of work, virtual environments are constructed within the engine to mimic the real‐world, either with great manual efforts or learning‐based methods. The latter shows superiority over the former when the target real‐world scenes are changeable, from which the attributes of environments can be automatically adjusted based on the distribution difference between the synthetic and real‐world datasets. However, the non‐differentiability of whole pipeline hinders the efficiency of attribute optimization. To this end, this paper proposes to simulate synthetic datasets from a fine‐grained perspective, such that the system can be trained at an end‐to‐end manner. Specifically, it is converted into an image‐level data synthesis problem, and designs a constraint using the content loss between two images. As the rendering process of virtual engine is mathematically unknown, which blocks the back propagation of the gradients, a generative model is trained to approximate the engine. As a result, the whole framework becomes fully differentiable and the attributes can be optimized efficiently by gradient descent. Experimental result shows the efficiency of our method in obtaining useful synthetic training datasets. Besides, it is found that the image‐level method enables to learn the potential distribution of real‐world data, which is hard to be achieved by existing methods. As far as we know, it is the first attempt to finish this task with a differentiable process.
Design of transmitarray compact antenna test range at millimetre wave band
Authors: Zhao Yongheng , Huo Peng , Wu Jianhua , Li Zhiping
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a novel compact antenna test range based on transmitarray (TA), transmitarray compact antenna test range (TACATR), is proposed. A non‐negligible parameter, central cell reference phase (CRP), is defined to harmonize the disturbance field. The CRP not only determines the physical structure of TA, but also can adjust the phase of the desired plane wave field of the quiet zone (QZ). Several strategies are proposed to enhance the performance of QZ of TACATR. The strategies include selecting CRP and the layout of TACATR. To validate the feasibility of TACATR, a 169.6 mm × 169.6 mm TA working at 28 GHz is designed, simulated and fabricated. The measured amplitude peak to peak value (P2P) of the middle QZ plane field is 1.5 dB and the phase P2P is 9.4°.
Complex queries over decentralised systems for geodata retrieval
Authors: Zichichi Mirko , Serena Luca , Ferretti Stefano , D'Angelo Gabriele
Published: March 2022

Decentralised systems have been proved to be quite effective to allow for trusted and accountable data sharing, without the need to resort to a centralised party that collects all the information. While complete decentralisation provides important advantages in terms of data sovereignty, absence of bottlenecks and reliability, it also adds some issues concerned with efficient data lookup and the possibility to implement complex queries without reintroducing centralised components. In this paper, we describe a system that copes with these issues, thanks to a multi‐layer lookup scheme based on Distributed Hash Tables that allows for multiple keyword‐based searches. The service of peer nodes participating in this discovery service is controlled and rewarded for their contribution. Moreover, the governance of this process is completely automated through the use of smart contracts, thus building a Decentralised Autonomous Organization (DAO). Finally, we present a use case where road hazards are collected in order to test the goodness of our system for geodata retrieval. Then, we show results from a performance evaluation that confirm the viability of the proposal.
Modelling and controlling A new PV/FC/battery DC–DC converter suitable for DC motor
Authors: Asl Amin Alizadeh , Asl Ramin Alizadeh , Kurdkandi Naser Vosoughi , Hosseini Seyed Hossein
Published: March 2022

Here, a new hybrid DC–DC converter is presented to enable controlling a DC motor. Since renewable energy sources, including PV, FC, and batteries, are projected to be used extensively in the future, using interface converters becomes essential. Firstly, these converters must have a suitable voltage gain because PV and FC have a low voltage at the output. Secondly, such converters must be controlled correctly because PV and FC do not provide a constant voltage, they have different characteristics, and they may work in any operating point instead of the maximum power point. Therefore, a suitable controller is essential for extracting maximum power values from these energy sources. In this paper, the decentralized control method, as a multivariable control technique, has been used to control a PV/FC/battery DC–DC converter.
On Lyapunov stability of positive and conservative time integrators and application to second order modified Patankar–Runge–Kutta schemes
Authors: Izgin Thomas , Kopecz Stefan , Meister Andreas
Published: March 2022

Since almost twenty years, modified Patankar–Runge–Kutta (MPRK) methods have proven to be efficient and robust numerical schemes that preserve positivity and conservativity of the production-destruction system irrespectively of the time step size chosen. Due to these advantageous properties they are used for a wide variety of applications. Nevertheless, until now, an analytic investigation of the stability of MPRK schemes is still missing, since the usual approach by means of Dahlquist’s equation is not feasible. Therefore, we consider a positive and conservative 2D test problem and provide statements usable for a stability analysis of general positive and conservative time integrator schemes based on the center manifold theory. We use this approach to investigate the Lyapunov stability of the second order MPRK22(α) and MPRK22ncs(α) schemes. We prove that MPRK22(α) schemes are unconditionally stable and derive the stability regions of MPRK22ncs(α) schemes. Finally, numerical experiments are presented, which confirm the theoretical results.
Einsatz von Video Online Seminaren im klinischen Abschnitt des
Medizinstudiums aus Sicht von Lehrenden und Studierenden
Authors: Kurz Sandra , Vieth Thomas , Stieglitz Verena , Buggenhagen Holger
Published: March 2022

Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt die Chancen und
Herausforderungen des Einsatzes von Video Online Seminaren (VOS) im klinischen
Bereich des Humanmedizinstudiums aus der Sicht der Lehrenden und Studierenden
dar.

Methodik Lehrende und Medizinstudierende des 5. bis 10. Semesters wurden
anhand von Fragebögen zu ihren Einstellungen und Erfahrungen mit VOS
befragt. Aus den Ergebnissen wurden Empfehlungen zum Einsatz von VOS
abgeleitet.

Ergebnisse 19 Lehrende und 108 Studierende nahmen teil. VOS helfen
67% der Studierenden beim Lernen im klinischen Abschnitt des
Medizinstudiums. Kognitive Lernziele (91% Zustimmung) sollen laut
Studierenden häufiger in VOS vermittelt werden als affektive Lernziele
(71% Zustimmung). 83% geben allerdings an, durch VOS allein
nicht auf spätere praktische Tätigkeiten vorbereitet zu sein.
Lehrende berichten, dass kognitive Lernziele (77% Zustimmung) deutlich
besser vermittelt werden können als affektive (nur 27%
Zustimmung). Für 2/3 der Lehrenden sind Unterstützungen
bzw. Schulungen im Umgang mit VOS wichtig. Gute technische Voraussetzungen sind
für beide Gruppen wichtig.

Diskussion/Schlussfolgerung Als Vorteil der VOS unterstreicht die
Studie die Option des ortsunabhängigen individuellen Lernens. Das
Lehrformat wird als besonders hilfreich angesehen, wenn eine Interaktion
zwischen Lehrenden und Studierenden gelingt. Im Rahmen von Blended Learning
Konzepten mit vorausgehenden Vorlesungen und nachfolgenden praktischen
Übungen ist der Lernerfolg durch VOS am größten.
Kognitive und teilweise auch affektive Lernziele können gut durch diese
Methode abgebildet werden. VOS können auf praktische
Übungseinheiten vorbereiten, allerdings sind sie in der medizinischen
Lehre nicht ausreichend, um praktische Lernziele umfassend zu lehren.
Mander’s Reagent for the Deoxycyanation of β-Diketones: A Direct Synthesis of Oxoalkenenitriles
Authors: Lujan-Montelongo J. Armando , Cruz-Jiménez Alicia E. , Mateus-Ruiz Jeferson B. , Silva-Cuevas Carolina
Published: March 2022

Ethyl cyanoformate and methyl cyanoformate (Mander’s reagent) are both routinely used to perform C-selective ketone alkoxycarbonylations. Interestingly, both reagents were found to yield oxoalkenenitriles through an unprecedented deoxycyanation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (e.g., 2-methylcyclohexane-1,3-dione). Although this method is not general, this is the first time that both Mander’s reagent and ethyl cyanoformate have been used for the deoxycyanation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the preparation of synthetically useful oxoalkenenitriles. Limitations on the substrate scope of the present method are discussed.
WormBase single-cell tools
Authors: da Veiga Beltrame Eduardo , Arnaboldi Valerio , Sternberg Paul W
Published: March 2022

We present two web apps for interactively performing common tasks with single-cell RNA sequencing data: scdefg for differential expression and wormcells-viz for visualization of gene expression. We deployed these tools with public Caenorhabditis elegans datasets curated by WormBase at https://single-cell.wormbase.org. Source code for deploying these tools with other datasets is available at https://github.com/WormBase/scdefg and https://github.com/WormBase/wormcells-viz.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Digital Migration Practices and the Everyday
Authors: Ponzanesi Sandra , Leurs Koen
Published: March 2022

This special issue explores the role that digital technology plays in the lives of migrants. It does so by paying close attention to governmental and supranational organizations as well as to subjective and affective dimensions of the everyday. Digital migration practices emerge as complex negotiations in the digital media sphere between infrastructural bias and agential opportunities, contesting racial practices as well as enabling digitally mediated bonds of solidarity and intimacy. The issue offers nuanced critical perspectives ranging from surveillance capitalism, extractive humanitarianism, datafication, and border regimes to choreographies of care and intimacy in transnational settings, among other aspects. Renowned international scholars reflect on these issues from different vantage points. The closing forum section provides state-of-the-art commentaries on digital diaspora, affect and belonging, voice and visibility in the digital media sphere, queer migrant interventions in non-academic settings, and datafication and media infrastructures in “deep time.”
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Across a Fruit and Tree Nut Agricultural Ecosystem
Authors: Grabarczyk Erin E , Cottrell Ted E , Tillman P Glynn
Published: March 2022

The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a mobile, polyphagous agricultural pest that feeds on a variety of plants. In orchard systems, seasonal monitoring of adults and nymphs in fruit and nut trees and noncrop host plants in surrounding habitat can be used to identify, in time and space, areas of high-density aggregations to develop targeted pest management strategies. We explored the spatiotemporal distribution of H. halys adults and nymphs and assessed whether seasonal distribution patterns varied according to habitat. From 2018 to 2021, pheromone-baited traps were placed in orchard and noncrop plants to first document the establishment of H. halys at this site and to describe seasonal development. In addition, stink bugs were monitored weekly during 2019–2020 across a grid of baited traps placed within the orchard ecosystem. Based on grid data, we used Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) to identify significant clusters of H. halys and visualized aggregations with interpolated maps. Overall, the distribution of H. halys adults and nymphs were similar; both aggregated primarily in peach and adjacent woodlands followed by pecan. Timing of aggregations was consistent across years and reached the highest levels in July and August. Moreover, we document that H. halys is an established pest within this orchard ecosystem, and that noncrop host plants likely play an important role in maintaining populations of H. halys. To manage H. halys in southeastern orchard systems, growers may need to account for host plants in habitats that surround fruiting trees.
Identifying vulnerability to poverty and its determinants among older adults in empty-nest households: an empirical analysis from rural Shandong Province, China
Authors: Jing Zhengyue , Li Jie , Gao Tingting , Wang Yi , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Chengchao
Published: March 2022

Although extreme poverty has been eradicated in China, older adults in empty-nest households may risk falling into or returning to poverty in the future. Previous studies on poverty alleviation had focused on the measurement of ex-post poverty at a particular time. Few studies have assessed households’ vulnerability to poverty from a forward-looking perspective. This study aims to identify the vulnerability to poverty and its determinants among rural empty-nest households with older adults. A total of 1951 rural empty-nest households with older adults followed for 1 year were included in the analysis. The three-stage Feasible Generalized Least Square method was used to estimate the vulnerability to poverty in 2019 and 2020. A regression model was used to explore the effect of different factors on vulnerability to poverty, and Shapley values were used to decompose each factor’s contribution and the attributable percentage. With the increase of the poverty threshold, the success rate of predicting poverty status in 2020 based on poverty vulnerability in 2019 increased from 33.00% to 63.71%. Regardless of the poverty threshold, the vulnerability to poverty incidence decreased from 2019 to 2020. For example, under the Shandong province poverty line, the estimated proportion of rural empty-nest households with older adults vulnerable to poverty had decreased from 15.63% in 2019 to 11.17% in 2020. The Shapley decomposition results suggested that the number of the household labour force, the interviewees’ education and age and household size were the four most influential factors that contributed significantly to the poverty vulnerability. This study reveals that a portion of rural empty-nest households with older adults are still vulnerable to poverty. The formulation of future anti-poverty policies should prioritize these groups and adopt targeted poverty prevention and poverty alleviation measures based on the driving factors of poverty vulnerability among rural empty-nest households with older adults.
Donaldson Functional in Teichmüller Theory
Authors: Huang Zheng , Lucia Marcello , Tarantello Gabriella
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we define a Donaldson type functional whose Euler–Lagrange equations are a system of differential equations, which corresponds to Hitchin’s self-duality equations for a suitable choice of Higgs bundle on closed Riemann surfaces. The main challenge of this functional is its lack of regularity and lack of compactness when defined in its natural domain of definition. Though a standard variational approach cannot directly be applied, we provide the appropriate analytical tools that make Donaldson functional treatable by a variational viewpoint. We prove that this functional admits a unique critical point corresponding to its global minimum. As an immediate consequence, we find that this system of self-duality equations admits a unique solution. Among the applications in geometry of this fact, we obtain a parametrization of closed constant mean curvature immersions in hyperbolic manifolds (possibly incomplete), and their moduli spaces.