bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image guidance based on MRI for spinal interstitial laser thermotherapy: technical aspects and accuracy
Authors: Tatsui Claudio E. , Nascimento Clarissa N. G. , Suki Dima , Amini Behrang , Li Jing , Ghia Amol J. , Thomas Jonathan G. , Stafford R. Jason , Rhines Laurence D. , Cata Juan P. , Kumar Ashok J. , Rao Ganesh
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

Image guidance for spinal procedures is based on 3D-fluoroscopy or CT, which provide poor visualization of soft tissues, including the spinal cord. To overcome this limitation, the authors developed a method to register intraoperative MRI (iMRI) of the spine into a neuronavigation system, allowing excellent visualization of the spinal cord. This novel technique improved the accuracy in the deployment of laser interstitial thermal therapy probes for the treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression.

METHODS

Patients were positioned prone on the MRI table under general anesthesia. Fiducial markers were applied on the skin of the back, and a plastic cradle was used to support the MRI coil. T2-weighted MRI sequences of the region of interest were exported to a standard navigation system. A reference array was sutured to the skin, and surface matching of the fiducial markers was performed. A navigated Jamshidi needle was advanced until contact was made with the dorsal elements; its position was confirmed with intraoperative fluoroscopy prior to advancement into a target in the epidural space. A screenshot of its final position was saved, and then the Jamshidi needle was exchanged for an MRI-compatible access cannula. MRI of the exact axial plane of each access cannula was obtained and compared with the corresponding screenshot saved during positioning. The discrepancy in millimeters between the trajectories was measured to evaluate accuracy of the image guidance

RESULTS

Thirteen individuals underwent implantation of 47 laser probes. The median absolute value of the discrepancy between the location predicted by the navigation system and the actual position of the access cannulas was 0.7 mm (range 0–3.2 mm). No injury or adverse event occurred during the procedures.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the feasibility of image guidance based on MRI to perform laser interstitial thermotherapy of spinal metastasis. The authors' method permits excellent visualization of the spinal cord, improving safety and workflow during laser ablations in the epidural space. The results can be extrapolated to other indications, including biopsies or drainage of fluid collections near the spinal cord.
Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Nasr Deena M. , Brinjikji Waleed , Clarke Michelle J. , Lanzino Giuseppe
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEDAVFs) constitute a rare but treatable cause of vascular myelopathy and are a different subtype from the more common Type I spinal dural AVFs. The purpose of this study was to review a consecutive series of SEDAVFs from a single institution and report on the clinical presentations, functional status, and treatment outcomes.

METHODS

The authors identified all SEDAVFs treated at their institution from 2005 to 2015. SEDAVFs were defined as spinal AVFs in which the fistulous connection occurred in the epidural venous plexus. The clinical presentation, functional status, immediate treatment outcomes, and long-term neurological outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTS

Twenty-four patients with SEDAVFs were included in this study. The patients' mean age at presentation was 66.9 years. The most common presenting symptoms were pain and numbness (22 patients, 91.7%), followed by lower-extremity weakness (21 patients, 87.5%). The mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 11.8 months. Eighteen patients (75.0%) were treated with endovascular therapy alone, 4 (16.7) with surgery, and 2 (8.3%) with a combination of techniques. There was 1 major treatment-related complication (4.2%). Fifteen patients (62.5%) had improvement in disability, and 12 patients (54.5%) had improvement in sensory symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

SEDAVFs often present with lower-extremity motor dysfunction and sensory symptoms. With the availability of newer liquid embolic agents, these lesions can be effectively treated with endovascular techniques. Surgery is also effective at treating these lesions, especially in situations where endovascular embolization fails or is not safe and in patients presenting with mass effect from compressive varices.
New Metabolites from Penicillium Thymicola IBT 5891
Authors: Ma Lie-Feng , Zheng Yang , Qian Hao-Ying , Wang Yuan , Shan Wei-Guang , Zhan Zha-Jun
Published: February 2017

Two new secondary metabolites, fumiquinazoline T and thymipyrone A, were obtained from the culture broth of marine-derived Penicillium thymicola IBT 5891. The known compounds, fumiquinazoline F and J, alantrypinone and pestafolide A, were also isolated from this strain. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HR-ESI-MS, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR.
New Chromene Derivatives with Radical Scavenging Activities from the Brown Alga Sargassum Siliquastrum
Authors: Kang Hahk-Soo , Kim Jong-Pyung
Published: February 2017

The organic extract of Sargassum siliquastrum exhibited in vitro radical scavenging activity in our screening of marine brown algae collected in Jeju Island, Korea. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the organic extract led to the isolation of two new meroterpenoids, named sargachromanols S and T, along with the known meroterpenoids, isopolycerasoidol, nahocol D2, and sargachromanols D, E, G, and I. The planar structures of the new compounds were determined by the analysis of spectroscopic data obtained by HREIMS and 1D and 2D NMR. The structures of the new compounds sargachromanols S and T were closely related to those of previously isolated sargachromanols D and A, respectively. The isolated compounds showed radical scavenging activities in vitro against 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azidobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radicals.
Synthesis and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of N-[(indolyl)ethyl)-coumarin-yloxy)]Alkanamides
Authors: Ghanei-Nasab Sarah , Nadri Hamid , Moradi Alireza , Marjani Azam , Shabani Shabnam , Firoozpour Loghman , Moghimi Setareh , Khoobi Mehdi , Hadizadeh Farzin , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: February 2017

Novel coumarin–tryptamine systems attached through a linker were synthesised and evaluated in vitro against acetylcholinesterase by the classical Ellman's test.
Skeletal Rearrangement in the Ritter Reaction of Turpentine: A Novel Synthesis of P-menthane Diamides
Authors: Xu Shi-Chao , Zhu Shou-Ji , Chen Yu-Xiang , Wang Jing , Bi Liang-Wu , Lu Yan-Ju , Gu Yan , Zhao Zhen-Dong
Published: February 2017

A novel skeletal rearrangement in the Ritter reaction was examined which conveniently generated p-menthane diamides from turpentine. A probable reaction mechanism was proposed based on employing thermodynamic analysis. All the products were purified and characterised by 1H NMR, IR, X-ray crystallography and ESI+-MS.
Selenium Levels in Serum, Red Blood Cells, and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: A Report from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL)
Authors: Cardoso Bárbara R. , Hare Dominic J. , Bush Ashley I. , Li Qiao-Xin , Fowler Christopher J. , Masters Colin L. , Martins Ralph N. , Ganio Katherine , Lothian Amber , Mukherjee Soumya , Kapp Eugene A. , Roberts Blaine R. ,   The AIBL research group
Published: February 2017

Selenium (Se) protects cells against oxidative stress damage through a range of bioactive selenoproteins. Increased oxidative stress is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and previous studies have shown that Se deficiency is associated with age-related cognitive decline. In this study, we assessed Se status in different biofluids from a subgroup of participants in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing. As Se in humans can either be an active component of selenoproteins or inactive via non-specific incorporation into other proteins, we used both size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry to characterize selenoproteins in serum. We observed no differences in total Se concentration in serum or cerebrospinal fluid of AD subjects compared to mildly cognitively impairment patients and healthy controls. However, Se levels in erythrocytes were decreased in AD compared to controls. SEC-ICP-MS analysis revealed a dominant Se-containing fraction. This fraction was subjected to standard protein purification and a bottom-up proteomics approach to confirm that the abundant Se in the fraction was due, in part, to selenoprotein P. The lack of change in the Se level is at odds with our previous observations in a Brazilian population deficient in Se, and we attribute this to the Australian cohort being Se-replete.
One-Year Evolution of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Patients Initially Hospitalized in Cognitive Behavioral Units: The EVITAL Prospective Cohort
Authors: Rouch Isabelle , Pongan Elodie , Trombert Béatrice , Fabre Florence , Auguste Nicolas , Sellier Claire , Freulon Magalie , Jacqueline Sophie , Federico Denis , Mouchoux Christelle , Martin-Gaujard Géraldine , Krolak-Salmon Pierre , Laurent Bernard , Dorey Jean-Michel
Published: February 2017

Background: The 2008–2012 French Alzheimer’s Plan has provided hospital Cognitive and Behavioral Units (CBU) to improve the management of patients with productive behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Little is known concerning the behavioral outcome of these patients after discharge.

Objective: The present study investigated the long-term evolution of BPSD over one year after CBU discharge.

Methods: The EVITAL cohort included 221 participants admitted to the CBUs of 3 French hospitals. BPSD were collected using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) at admission and 3, 6, and 12 months after hospitalization. The global NPI score evolution was assessed using a linear mixed-effect model. A four-factor model of the NPI including behavioral dyscontrol, psychosis, mood, and agitation subscores was also analyzed.

Results: Our analysis focused on 148 patients followed up during 12 months and evaluated at each visit. The global NPI score was 48.5 (SD 21.7) at baseline, 28.8 (SD 18.7) at 3-month, 23.2 (SD 16.4) at 6-month and 20.9 (SD 15.9) at 12-month follow-up. The score significantly decreased from baseline to follow-up (F = 109.3 p < 0.0001). Moreover, the decrease was observed for each NPI subscores. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale score was significantly linked to the baseline NPI score ( t = 2.76, p = 0.009). Conversely, the NPI decline was observed whatever the CDR level.

Conclusion: The present study showed a decrease in the global NPI score and all its subscores during the year following the CBU hospitalization, regardless of the initial CDR score.
Google Calendar Enhances Prospective Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Gallouj Karim , Antoine Pascal
Published: February 2017

We investigated whether an external memory aid (i.e., Google Calendar) would alleviate prospective memory compromise in a patient with mild Alzheimer’s disease. The patient was asked in the baseline phase to perform three prospective targeted events (e.g., attending her weekly bridge game at the community club) and three prospective control events (e.g., buying her weekly magazine). The same six prospective events were assessed in the intervention phase but the targeted-events were cued by Google Calendar while the control-events were not. Results showed less omission of the targeted events in the training phase than in the baseline phase, suggesting a positive effect of Google Calendar. This case report offers a unique view into how smartphone calendars may alleviate prospective memory compromise in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease.
Timing and Kinetics of Nonmotor Fluctuations in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ossig Christiana , Sippel Daniel , Fauser Mareike , Gandor Florin , Jost Wolfgang H. , Ebersbach Georg , Storch Alexander
Published: February 2017

Background: Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are known to fluctuate together with motor oscillations in advanced PD, but their timing and kinetics remains enigmatic.

Objective: To evaluate timing and kinetics of NMS fluctuations.

Methods: Analysis of diary data from 17 fluctuating PD patients. Diaries were completed by rating NMS as absent (defined herein as NMS On state) or present (NMS Off state) and motor function for every hour for 5 consecutive days. Timing and kinetics were analyzed by synchronizing motor Off periods and subsequent cross-classification of NMS Off periods for each motor Off hour into 2×2 contingency tables.

Results: We found clear temporal connections of NMS Off periods with motor Off periods only for anxiety/depression, concentration/attention deficiency and bladder urgency. Psychiatric NMS Off periods had a longer duration (median: 3–4 hours) compared to motor Off periods (2 hours; P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test).

Conclusions: Our data on timing and kinetics of NMS fluctuations show close temporal connection with motor Off periods only for mood and cognitive symptoms. Variances in both timing and/or kinetics of NMS fluctuations might explain both the weak/absent correlations of NMS and motor symptom severity in fluctuating patients and the rather low rates of simultaneous switches between On and Off states for NMS and motor function.
Afferent electrical stimulation during cycling improves spinal processing of sensorimotor function after incomplete spinal cord injury
Authors: Piazza Stefano , Serrano-Muñoz Diego , Gómez-Soriano Julio , Torricelli Diego , Segura-Fragosa Antonio , Pons José Luis , Taylor Julian
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE: Appropriate afferent feedback delivery during the execution of motor tasks is important for rehabilitation after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). However, during leg-cycling therapy, the plantar afferent feedback is minimal. We hypothesize that the augmentation of sensory input by combining cycling with a locomotor-like stimulation of plantar cutaneous innervations (ES-cycling), might help to restore proper spinal processing of sensorimotor function.

METHODS: Thirteen non-injured subjects and 10 subjects with iSCI performed 10 minutes of cycling and, on another session, of ES-cycling. To assess spinal processing of sensorimotor function, soleus H-reflex response was tested following a conditioning plantar electrical stimulation applied at 25–100 ms inter-stimulus intervals (ISI’s), measured before and after the execution of the tasks.

RESULTS: Before tasks execution, the conditioned H-reflex response was modulated in non-injured subjects, and absent in subjects with iSCI; after cycling, modulation profiles were unchanged. However, after ES-cycling a significant increase in H-reflex excitability was observed in the non-injured group at 100 ms ISI ( p < 0.05), and in the iSCI group between 50–75 ms ISI ( p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The loss of reflex modulation in subjects with iSCI suggests reduced spinal processing of sensorimotor function. Reflex modulation recovery after ES-cycling may indicate the partial reactivation of these mechanisms.
Neurological and functional recovery in tuberculosis patients with spinal cord injury in The Netherlands
Authors: Wouda Eva M.N. , Stienstra Ymkje , van der Werf Tjip S. , Kerstjens Huib , de Lange Wiel C.M. , Coppes Maarten , Kuijlen Jos , Tepper Marga , Akkerman Onno W.
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: Spinal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for approximately 1% to 3% of all TB cases and it can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms, from none to a complete spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting in complete paraplegia or tetraplegia.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the functional and neurological outcome of SCI caused by TB.

METHODS: Retrospective data on the admission period was combined with prospectively collected data on long-term follow-up. Primary outcome was neurological outcome in terms of motor function. Secondary outcome measures were functional outcome in terms of level of independence and community participation. Results were compared to the outcome in patients with SCI due to trauma.

RESULTS: Six TB patients with complete motor SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A or B) were compared to eighteen patients with traumatic SCI. Most TB patients regained almost full neurological function (median motor score improved from 50 to 100), and reached high levels of independence, whereas trauma patients did not improve neurologically (median motor score remained 50) and reached a plateau in level of independence.

CONCLUSIONS: SCI due to tuberculosis in the Netherlands shows remarkable improvement in both neurological and functional outcome, especially compared with traumatic SCI.
Carbon Modular Orthosis (Ca.M.O.): An innovative hybrid modular ankle-foot orthosis to tune the variable rehabilitation needs in hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Tavernese E. , Petrarca M. , Rosellini G. , Di Stanislao E. , Pisano A. , Di Rosa G. , Castelli E.
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: Hemiplegic Celebral Palsy (CP) children commonly use AFO orthoses as walking aids. It is known that AFOs may have a detrimental effect on gait. To enhance mechanical properties of AFOs we developed an innovative, custom-made, carbon, ankle-foot orthosis (Ca.M.O) which offers the opportunity to tune its response to the patient’s gait characteristics and/or functional maturity.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of Ca.M.O. in improving gait in a group of hemiplegic CP children and to compare its performances with those of commonly prescribed AFO.

METHODS: A clinical and instrumental gait analysis was performed on a group of 15 spastic hemiplegic children (WINTERS-GAGE type I-II) walking barefoot, with commonly prescribed AFOs and with Ca.M.O.

Temporal, kinematic and kinetic data were collected with an 8 cameras optoelectronic system and 2 force plates.

RESULTS: Studied variables were comparable walking with Ca.M.O. and with the commonly prescribed AFO and are significantly different ( p < 0.01) with respect to barefoot condition.

CONCLUSIONS: Both types of orthoses normalize the kinematics of the first and second ankle rocker. The main advantage of Ca.M.O. is its modularity that allows to tune its effect on gait in relationship with the progress or involution of the child’s functional development.
Severe disorders of consciousness after acquired brain injury: A single-centre long-term follow-up study
Authors: Lopez-Rolon Alex , Vogler Jana , Howell Kaitlen , Shock Jonathan , Czermak Stefan , Heck Suzette , Straube Andreas , Bender Andreas
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVES: To assess long-term clinical outcome, functional independence and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in acquired brain injury (ABI) patients with a disorder of consciousness at admission to inpatient rehabilitation.

METHODS: We selected patients from a cohort of ABI patients from a single centre. In addition to mortality, we measured level of consciousness with the Coma Remission Scale, functional independence with the Barthel Index, as well as generic and condition-specific HRQOL with the EQ5D and the “Quality of Life after Brain Injury” (QOLIBRI) respectively.

RESULTS: Half of the obtained sample had died by follow-up. Survivors were younger at onset, in a minimally conscious state (MCS) at admission and had spent longer time in rehabilitation. Patients in a MCS were more likely to survive, and be in a state better than MCS over the follow-up time than patients with an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS). A small proportion of patients with UWS at admission emerged from MCS at follow-up. Emergence from MCS was associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and higher functional independence.

CONCLUSION: Clinical outcome is mostly concordant with previous findings. Survivors’ rehabilitation duration suggest revision of current standards. HRQOL results indicate a correlation with functional independence and that condition-specific HRQOL should not be neglected.
The ‘digital curious’: first steps towards a new typology for mapping adults’ relationships with others when using ICT
Authors: Bencivenga Rita
Published: February 2017

The study described in this article used grounded theory methodology to investigate adults’ accounts of their relationships with others when using information and communication technologies (ICT). Ten women and ten men were interviewed. All were Italians born between 1952-1961. It was found that the participants shared a common eagerness to learn and use ICT, which led us to coin the term ‘digital curious’. They recognised the growing importance of using ICT and realised that they were competent enough to support others in ICT learning or use. Their awareness of their competence and role was linked to their approach to interactions with older and younger people, not all of them easy. The study findings illustrate how the participants’ relationships with older and younger people when using ICT are seen as relevant and offer meaningful experiences. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are also discussed.
Efflux of Soil Nitrous Oxide from Applied Fertilizer Containing Organic Materials in Citrus unshiu Field in Southwestern Japan
Authors: Toma Yo , Higuchi Takeshi , Nagata Osamu , Kato Yasuhiko , Izumiya Tooru , Oomori Shingo , Ueno Hideto
Published: February 2017

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural fields are an important source of the increasing atmospheric N2O concentration. We conducted a two-year investigation of soil N2O emissions induced by the application of combined organic and synthetic fertilizer (COS) and distilled silage waste (DSW). Three experimental treatments were applied to a Citrus unshiu field in January 2013 in Ehime, Japan: no fertilizer (NF), COS, and DSW. The applied nitrogen (N) from DSW was 192 and 244 kg N ha−1 in the first and second years, respectively, although the N application in COS was 192 kg N ha−1 in both years. The main N forms in COS and DSW were ammonium- and nitrate-N, respectively. Soil N2O and carbon dioxide fluxes, soil chemical properties, and mineral N leaching from topsoil were measured. The soil N2O flux increased after fertilization in COS and DSW, and a higher N2O efflux after supplemental fertilization was induced by warm and wet soil conditions. The emission factor of N2O was higher in COS (2.02%) than in DSW (1.18%), while N leaching was higher in DSW than in COS. The organic materials remaining after the application possibly increased the N2O emissions in the summer season. Therefore, to mitigate N2O emissions in citrus orchards, fertilizer containing organic materials should be applied during a cool and dry season.
Small-Scale Vegetable Farmers’ Participation in Modern Retail Market Channels in Indonesia: The Determinants of and Effects on Their Income
Authors: Slamet Alim , Nakayasu Akira , Ichikawa Masahiro
Published: February 2017

The rise of supermarkets in Indonesia since the end of the 1990s have been transforming the food retail sector and providing further market opportunities for small-scale farmers, in which most of Indonesia’s farmer falls into this category. The aim of this paper is to examine the supermarket participation and its effect on the well-being of small-scale farmers. We compare the differences between participants and non-participants in supermarket channels in order to explore the constraints on supermarket participation. By applying a treatment effects model which allows capturing the possibility of selection bias, we examine the factors that determine farmers’ participation as well as the effect on their income. The results show that younger farmers with higher levels of education, irrigated land, who have packaging equipment and storage facilities, and are located near paved roads, are more likely to participate in the supermarket channels. On the other hand, farmers who have sprayer equipment are more likely to participate in the traditional market channels. The effect analysis shows that small-scale farmer participation in the supermarket channels can boost their income.
Molecular Characterizations of Kenyan Brachiaria Grass Ecotypes with Microsatellite (SSR) Markers
Authors: Ondabu Naftali , Maina Solomon , Kimani Wilson , Njarui Donald , Djikeng Appolinaire , Ghimire Sita
Published: February 2017

Brachiaria grass is an emerging forage option for livestock production in Kenya. Kenya lies within the center of diversity for Brachiaria species, thus a high genetic variation in natural populations of Brachiaria is expected. Overgrazing and clearing of natural vegetation for crop production and nonagricultural uses and climate change continue to threaten the natural biodiversity. In this study, we collected 79 Brachiaria ecotypes from different parts of Kenya and examined them for genetic variations and their relatedness with 8 commercial varieties. A total of 120 different alleles were detected by 22 markers in the 79 ecotypes. Markers were highly informative in differentiating ecotypes with average diversity and polymorphic information content of 0.623 and 0.583, respectively. Five subpopulations: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kitui, Kisii, Alupe, and Kiminini differed in sample size, number of alleles, number of private alleles, diversity index, and percentage polymorphic loci. The contribution of within‐the‐individual difference to total genetic variation of Kenyan ecotype population was 81%, and the fixation index (FST = 0.021) and number of migrant per generation (Nm = 11.58) showed low genetic differentiation among the populations. The genetic distance was highest between Alupe and Kisii populations (0.510) and the lowest between ILRI and Kiminini populations (0.307). The unweighted neighborjoining (NJ) tree showed test ecotypes grouped into three major clusters: ILRI ecotypes were present in all clusters; Kisii and Alupe ecotypes and improved varieties grouped in clusters I and II; and ecotypes from Kitui and Kiminini grouped in cluster I. This study confirms higher genetic diversity in Kenyan ecotypes than eight commercial varieties (Basilisk, Humidicola, Llanero, Marandú, MG4, Mulato II, Piatá and Xaraés) that represent three species and one three‐way cross‐hybrid Mulato II. There is a need for further collection of local ecotypes and their morphological, agronomical, and genetic characterizations to support Brachiaria grass breeding and conservation programs.
Congenital Malformations in River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Albarella Sara , Ciotola Francesca , D’Anza Emanuele , Coletta Angelo , Zicarelli Luigi , Peretti Vincenzo
Published: February 2017

The world buffalo population is about 168 million, and it is still growing, in India, China, Brazil, and Italy. In these countries, buffalo genetic breeding programs have been performed for many decades. The occurrence of congenital malformations has caused a slowing of the genetic progress and economic loss for the breeders, due to the death of animals, or damage to their reproductive ability or failing of milk production. Moreover, they cause animal welfare reduction because they can imply foetal dystocia and because the affected animals have a reduced fitness with little chances of survival. This review depicts, in the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) world population, the present status of the congenital malformations, due to genetic causes, to identify their frequency and distribution in order to develop genetic breeding plans able to improve the productive and reproductive performance, and avoid the spreading of detrimental gene variants. Congenital malformations most frequently reported in literature or signaled by breeders to the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production of the University Federico II (Naples, Italy) in river buffalo are: musculoskeletal defects (transverse hemimelia, arthrogryposis, umbilical hernia) and disorders of sexual development. In conclusion this review put in evidence that river buffalo have a great variety of malformations due to genetic causes, and TH and omphalocele are the most frequent and that several cases are still not reported, leading to an underestimation of the real weight of genetic diseases in this species.
Relationship between Deck Level, Body Surface Temperature and Carcass Damages in Italian Heavy Pigs after Short Journeys at Different Unloading Environmental Conditions
Authors: Arduini Agnese , Redaelli Veronica , Luzi Fabio , Dall’Olio Stefania , Pace Vincenzo , Nanni Costa Leonardo
Published: February 2017

In order to evaluate the relationships between deck level, body surface temperature and carcass damages after a short journey (30 min), 10 deliveries of Italian heavy pigs, including a total of 1400 animals from one farm, were examined. Within 5 min after the arrival at the abattoir, the vehicles were unloaded. Environmental temperature and relative humidity were recorded and a Temperature Humidity Index (THI) was calculated. After unloading, maximum temperatures of dorsal and ocular regions were measured by a thermal camera on groups of pigs from each of the unloaded decks. After dehairing, quarters and whole carcasses were evaluated subjectively by a trained operator for skin damage using a four-point scale. On the basis of THI at unloading, deliveries were grouped into three classes. Data of body surface temperature and skin damage score were analysed in a model including THI class, deck level and their interaction. Regardless of pig location in the truck, the maximum temperature of the dorsal and ocular regions increased with increasing THI class. Within each THI class, the highest and lowest body surface temperatures were found in pigs located on the middle and upper decks, respectively. Only THI class was found to affect the skin damage score (p < 0.05), which increased on quarters and whole carcasses with increasing THI class. The results of this study on short-distance transport of Italian heavy pigs highlighted the need to control and ameliorate the environmental conditions in the trucks, even at relatively low temperature and THI, in order to improve welfare and reduce loss of carcass value.
The Bivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition and Its Contribution to Grinding Chatter Detection
Authors: Chen Huanguo , Shen Jianyang , Chen Wenhua , Wu Chuanyu , Huang Chunshao , Yi Yongyu , Qian Jiacheng
Published: February 2017

Grinding chatter reduces the long-term reliability of grinding machines. Detecting the negative effects of chatter requires improved chatter detection techniques. The vibration signals collected from grinders are mainly nonstationary, nonlinear and multidimensional. Hence, bivariate empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) has been investigated as a multiple signal processing method. In this paper, a feature vector extraction method based on BEMD and Hilbert transform was applied to the problem of grinding chatter. The effectiveness of this method was tested and validated with a simulated chatter signal produced by a vibration signal generator. The extraction criterion of true intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) was also investigated, as well as a method for selecting the most ideal number of projection directions using the BEMD algorithm. Moreover, real-time variance and instantaneous energy were employed as chatter feature vectors for improving the prediction of chatter. Furthermore, the combination of BEMD and Hilbert transform was validated by experimental data collected from a computer numerical control (CNC) guideway grinder. The results reveal the good behavior of BEMD in terms of processing nonstationary and nonlinear signals, and indicating the synchronous characteristics of multiple signals. Extracted chatter feature vectors were demonstrated to be reliable predictors of early grinding chatter.
Fault Diagnosis of Roller Bearings Based on a Wavelet Neural Network and Manifold Learning
Authors: Wu Lifeng , Yao Beibei , Peng Zhen , Guan Yong
Published: February 2017

In order to improve the accuracy of the fault diagnosis of roller bearings, this paper proposes a kind of fault diagnosis algorithm based on manifold learning combined with a wavelet neural network. First, a high-dimensional feature signal set is obtained using a conventional feature extraction algorithm; second, an improved Laplacian characteristic mapping algorithm is proposed to reduce the dimensions of the characteristics and obtain an effective characteristic signal. Finally, the processed characteristic signal is inputted into the constructed wavelet neural network whose output is the types of fault. In the actual experiment of recognizing data sets on roller bearing failures, the validity and accuracy of the method for diagnosing faults was verified.
A Geometric Dictionary Learning Based Approach for Fluorescence Spectroscopy Image Fusion
Authors: Zhu Zhiqin , Qi Guanqiu , Chai Yi , Li Penghua
Published: February 2017

In recent years, sparse representation approaches have been integrated into multi-focus image fusion methods. The fused images of sparse-representation-based image fusion methods show great performance. Constructing an informative dictionary is a key step for sparsity-based image fusion method. In order to ensure sufficient number of useful bases for sparse representation in the process of informative dictionary construction, image patches from all source images are classified into different groups based on geometric similarities. The key information of each image-patch group is extracted by principle component analysis (PCA) to build dictionary. According to the constructed dictionary, image patches are converted to sparse coefficients by simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP) algorithm for representing the source multi-focus images. At last the sparse coefficients are fused by Max-L1 fusion rule and inverted to fused image. Due to the limitation of microscope, the fluorescence image cannot be fully focused. The proposed multi-focus image fusion solution is applied to fluorescence imaging area for generating all-in-focus images. The comparison experimentation results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed multi-focus image fusion solution.
Food and Wine Pairing in Burgundy: The Case of Grands Crus
Authors: Lecat Benoît , Chapuis Claude
Published: February 2017

Burgundy is known both for its wines and its food products but they developed independently from each other. This paper examines the long march towards maximal wine quality which started before the beginning of the Christian era. In the Middle‐Ages, the Cistercian monks brought up the notion of terroir which eventually led to the AOC system (Protected Designation of origin) in 1935. Burgundy is also blessed with good farming land. Furthermore, the production of quality vegetables, fruits and meat contributed to the birth of its regional cuisine. However, it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that Burgundy’s original gastronomy gained recognition. It should be noted that this process was rather laborious. The advent of tourism introduced French and foreign visitors to the region’s lifestyle. With UNESCO’s listing of the vineyards of Côte de Beaune and Côte de Nuits as part of the world’s heritage and the development of wine tourism, Burgundy intends, at long last, to capitalize on its assets. An inventory of wine and food pairing complements this paper. Finally, a brief description of the term terroir will introduce the key contribution of this paper: how and why Burgundy Grand Cru wines pair so well with foods. For each of the 33 Grands Crus, a review of the best wine–food matches will be discussed on the basis of the specificities of each Grand Cru wine.
Spatial Impairment and Memory in Genetic Disorders: Insights from Mouse Models
Authors: Lee Sang , Tucci Valter , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: February 2017

Research across the cognitive and brain sciences has begun to elucidate some of the processes that guide navigation and spatial memory. Boundary geometry and featural landmarks are two distinct classes of environmental cues that have dissociable neural correlates in spatial representation and follow different patterns of learning. Consequently, spatial navigation depends both on the type of cue available and on the type of learning provided. We investigated this interaction between spatial representation and memory by administering two different tasks (working memory, reference memory) using two different environmental cues (rectangular geometry, striped landmark) in mouse models of human genetic disorders: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWScrm+/p− mice, n = 12) and Beta-catenin mutation (Thr653Lys-substituted mice, n = 12). This exploratory study provides suggestive evidence that these models exhibit different abilities and impairments in navigating by boundary geometry and featural landmarks, depending on the type of memory task administered. We discuss these data in light of the specific deficits in cognitive and brain function in these human syndromes and their animal model counterparts.
Surgical Neurostimulation for Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Chari Aswin , Hentall Ian , Papadopoulos Marios , Pereira Erlick
Published: February 2017

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition characterized by a constellation of symptoms including paralysis, paraesthesia, pain, cardiovascular, bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction. Current treatment for SCI involves acute resuscitation, aggressive rehabilitation and symptomatic treatment for complications. Despite the progress in scientific understanding, regenerative therapies are lacking. In this review, we outline the current state and future potential of invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation strategies including deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), motor cortex stimulation (MCS), transcutaneous direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the context of SCI. We consider the ability of these therapies to address pain, sensorimotor symptoms and autonomic dysregulation associated with SCI. In addition to the potential to make important contributions to SCI treatment, neuromodulation has the added ability to contribute to our understanding of spinal cord neurobiology and the pathophysiology of SCI.
Examining the Relationship between Economic Hardship and Child Maltreatment Using Data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2013 (OIS-2013)
Authors: Lefebvre Rachael , Fallon Barbara , Van Wert Melissa , Filippelli Joanne
Published: February 2017

There is strong evidence that poverty and economic disadvantage are associated with child maltreatment; however, research in this area is underdeveloped in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between economic hardship and maltreatment for families and children identified to the Ontario child protection system for a maltreatment concern. Secondary analyses of the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2013 (OIS-2013) were conducted. The OIS-2013 examines the incidence of reported maltreatment and the characteristics of children and families investigated by child welfare authorities in Ontario in 2013. Descriptive and bivariate chi-square analyses were conducted in addition to a logistic regression predicting the substantiation of maltreatment. In 9% of investigations, the household had run out of money for food, housing, and/or utilities in the past 6 months. Children in these households were more likely to have developmental concerns, academic difficulties, and caregivers with mental health concerns and substance use issues. Controlling for key clinical and case characteristics, children living in families facing economic hardship were almost 2 times more likely to be involved in a substantiated maltreatment investigation (OR = 1.91, p < 0.001). The implications in regard to future research and promoting resilience are discussed.
The Synergy Effect of Ni-M (M = Mo, Fe, Co, Mn or Cr) Bicomponent Catalysts on Partial Methanation Coupling with Water Gas Shift under Low H2/CO Conditions
Authors: Dong Xinxin , Song Min , Jin Baosheng , Zhou Zheng , Yang Xu
Published: February 2017

Ni-M (M = Mo, Fe, Co, Mn or Cr) bicomponent catalysts were prepared through the co-impregnation method for upgrading low H2/CO ratio biomass gas into urban gas through partial methanation coupling with water gas shift (WGS). The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), H2 temperature programmed desorption (H2-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry (TG). The catalytic performances demonstrated that Mn and Cr were superior to the other three elements due to the increased fraction of reducible NiO particles, promoted dispersion of Ni nanoparticles and enhanced H2 chemisorption ability. The comparative study on Mn and Cr showed that Mn was more suitable due to its smaller carbon deposition rate and wider adaptability to various H2/CO and H2O/CO conditions, indicating its better synergy effect with Ni. A nearly 100 h, the lifetime test and start/stop cycle test further implied that 15Ni-3Mn was stable for industrial application.
Oxidation Catalysis by Enzymes in Microemulsions
Authors: Mitsou Evgenia , Xenakis Aristotelis , Zoumpanioti Maria
Published: February 2017

Microemulsions are regarded as “the ultimate enzyme microreactors” for liquid oxidations. Their structure, composed of water nanodroplets dispersed in a non-polar medium, provides several benefits for their use as media for enzymatic transformations. They have the ability to overcome the solubility limitations of hydrophobic substrates, enhance the enzymatic activity (superactivity phenomenon) and stability, while providing an interface for surface-active enzymes. Of particular interest is the use of such systems to study biotransformations catalyzed by oxidative enzymes. Nanodispersed biocatalytic media are perfect hosts for liquid oxidation reactions catalyzed by many enzymes such as heme peroxidases, phenoloxidases, cholesterol oxidase, and dehydrogenases. The system’s composition and structural properties are important for better understanding of nanodispersion-biocatalyst interactions.
A Comparative Discussion of the Catalytic Activity and CO2-Selectivity of Cu-Zr and Pd-Zr (Intermetallic) Compounds in Methanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Köpfle Norbert , Mayr Lukas , Schmidmair Daniela , Bernardi Johannes , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Hävecker Michael , Klötzer Bernhard , Penner Simon
Published: February 2017

The activation and catalytic performance of two representative Zr-containing intermetallic systems, namely Cu-Zr and Pd-Zr, have been comparatively studied operando using methanol steam reforming (MSR) as test reaction. Using an inverse surface science and bulk model catalyst approach, we monitored the transition of the initial metal/intermetallic compound structures into the eventual active and CO2-selective states upon contact to the methanol steam reforming mixture. For Cu-Zr, selected nominal stoichiometries ranging from Cu:Zr = 9:2 over 2:1 to 1:2 have been prepared by mixing the respective amounts of metallic Cu and Zr to yield different Cu-Zr bulk phases as initial catalyst structures. In addition, the methanol steam reforming performance of two Pd-Zr systems, that is, a bulk system with a nominal Pd:Zr = 2:1 stoichiometry and an inverse model system consisting of CVD-grown ZrOxHy layers on a polycrystalline Pd foil, has been comparatively assessed. While the CO2-selectivity and the overall catalytic performance of the Cu-Zr system is promising due to operando formation of a catalytically beneficial Cu-ZrO2 interface, the case for Pd-Zr is different. For both Pd-Zr systems, the low-temperature coking tendency, the high water-activation temperature and the CO2-selectivity spoiling inverse WGS reaction limit the use of the Pd-Zr systems for selective MSR applications, although alloying of Pd with Zr opens water activation channels to increase the CO2 selectivity.
Invariant Chain Complexes and Clusters as Platforms for MIF Signaling
Authors: Lindner Robert
Published: February 2017

Invariant chain (Ii/CD74) has been identified as a surface receptor for migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Most cells that express Ii also synthesize major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules, which depend on Ii as a chaperone and a targeting factor. The assembly of nonameric complexes consisting of one Ii trimer and three MHC II molecules (each of which is a heterodimer) has been regarded as a prerequisite for efficient delivery to the cell surface. Due to rapid endocytosis, however, only low levels of Ii-MHC II complexes are displayed on the cell surface of professional antigen presenting cells and very little free Ii trimers. The association of Ii and MHC II has been reported to block the interaction with MIF, thus questioning the role of surface Ii as a receptor for MIF on MHC II-expressing cells. Recent work offers a potential solution to this conundrum: Many Ii-complexes at the cell surface appear to be under-saturated with MHC II, leaving unoccupied Ii subunits as potential binding sites for MIF. Some of this work also sheds light on novel aspects of signal transduction by Ii-bound MIF in B-lymphocytes: membrane raft association of Ii-MHC II complexes enables MIF to target Ii-MHC II to antigen-clustered B-cell-receptors (BCR) and to foster BCR-driven signaling and intracellular trafficking.
Medical Yoga Therapy
Authors: Stephens Ina
Published: February 2017

Medical yoga is defined as the use of yoga practices for the prevention and treatment of medical conditions. Beyond the physical elements of yoga, which are important and effective for strengthening the body, medical yoga also incorporates appropriate breathing techniques, mindfulness, and meditation in order to achieve the maximum benefits. Multiple studies have shown that yoga can positively impact the body in many ways, including helping to regulate blood glucose levels, improve musculoskeletal ailments and keeping the cardiovascular system in tune. It also has been shown to have important psychological benefits, as the practice of yoga can help to increase mental energy and positive feelings, and decrease negative feelings of aggressiveness, depression and anxiety.
Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics: Methodology and Application to PECVD of Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Crose Marquis , Tran Anh , Christofides Panagiotis
Published: February 2017

This work focuses on the development of a multiscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation framework with application to plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of thin film solar cells. A macroscopic, CFD model is proposed which is capable of accurately reproducing plasma chemistry and transport phenomena within a 2D axisymmetric reactor geometry. Additionally, the complex interactions that take place on the surface of a-Si:H thin films are coupled with the CFD simulation using a novel kinetic Monte Carlo scheme which describes the thin film growth, leading to a multiscale CFD model. Due to the significant computational challenges imposed by this multiscale CFD model, a parallel computation strategy is presented which allows for reduced processing time via the discretization of both the gas-phase mesh and microscopic thin film growth processes. Finally, the multiscale CFD model has been applied to the PECVD process at industrially relevant operating conditions revealing non-uniformities greater than 20% in the growth rate of amorphous silicon films across the radius of the wafer.