bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of long-term exposure to nine outdoor air pollutants on COVID-19 spatial spread and related mortality in 107 Italian provinces
Authors: Perone Gaetano
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the air quality in 107 Italian provinces in the period 2014–2019 and the association between exposure to nine outdoor air pollutants and the COVID-19 spread and related mortality in the same areas. The methods used were negative binomial (NB) regression, ordinary least squares (OLS) model, and spatial autoregressive (SAR) model. The results showed that (i) common air pollutants—nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM2.5and PM10)—were highly and positively correlated with large firms, energy and gas consumption, public transports, and livestock sector; (ii) long-term exposure to NO2, PM2.5, PM10, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and cadmium (Cd) was positively and significantly correlated with the spread of COVID-19; and (iii) long-term exposure to NO2,O3, PM2.5, PM10, and arsenic (As) was positively and significantly correlated with COVID-19 related mortality. Specifically, particulate matter and Cd showed the most adverse effect on COVID-19 prevalence; while particulate matter and As showed the largest dangerous impact on excess mortality rate. The results were confirmed even after controlling for eighteen covariates and spatial effects. This outcome seems of interest because benzene, BaP, and heavy metals (As and Cd) have not been considered at all in recent literature. It also suggests the need for a national strategy to drive down air pollutant concentrations to cope better with potential future pandemics.
Facile and scalable tubing-free sample loading for droplet microfluidics
Authors: Shao Fangchi , Hsieh Kuangwen , Zhang Pengfei , Kaushik Aniruddha M. , Wang Tza-Huei
Published: August 2022

Droplet microfluidics has in recent years found a wide range of analytical and bioanalytical applications. In droplet microfluidics, the samples that are discretized into droplets within the devices are predominantly loaded through tubings, but such tubing-based sample loading has drawbacks such as limited scalability for processing many samples, difficulty for automation, and sample wastage. While advances in autosamplers have alleviated some of these drawbacks, sample loading that can instead obviate tubings offers a potentially promising alternative but has been underexplored. To fill the gap, we introduce herein a droplet device that features a new Tubing Eliminated Sample Loading Interface (TESLI). TESLI integrates a network of programmable pneumatic microvalves that regulate vacuum and pressure sources so that successive sub-microliter samples can be directly spotted onto the open-to-atmosphere TESLI inlet, vacuumed into the device, and pressurized into nanoliter droplets within the device with minimal wastage. The same vacuum and pressure regulation also endows TESLI with cleaning and sample switching capabilities, thus enabling scalable processing of many samples in succession. Moreover, we implement a pair of TESLIs in our device to parallelize and alternate their operation as means to minimizing idle time. For demonstration, we use our device to successively process 44 samples into droplets—a number that can further scale. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of tubing-free sample loading and a promising approach for advancing droplet microfluidics.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Spanish Quality in Psychiatric Care Forensic Inpatient Staff (QPC-FIPS) instrument
Authors: Domínguez del Campo Marta , Moreno-Poyato Antonio R. , Puig-Llobet Montserrat , Lluch-Canut Maria Teresa , Rodríguez Zunino Nathalia , Tomás-Jiménez Manuel , Sanchez-Balcells Sara , Schröder Agneta , Lundqvist Lars-Olov , Escuder-Romeva Gemma , Roldán-Merino Juan
Published: August 2022

"Quality in Psychiatric Care-Forensic Inpatient Staff (QPC-FIPS) is an instrument of Swedish origin validated to measure the perception of the quality of mental health care provided by forensic psychiatry professionals. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the QPC-FIPS instrument and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the instrument. A psychometric study was carried out. For validity, content validity, convergent validity and construct validity were included. For reliability, the analysis of internal consistency and temporal stability was included. The sample consisted of 153 mental health professionals from four Forensic Psychiatry units. The adapted Spanish version of the QPC-FIPS scale was configured with the same number of items and dimensions as the original. The psychometric properties, in terms of temporal stability and internal consistency, were adequate and the factor structure, such as the homogeneity of the dimensions of the Spanish version of the QPC-FIPS, was equivalent to the original Swedish version. We found that the QPC_FIPS-Spanish is a valid, reliable and easy-to-apply instrument for assessing the self-perception of professionals regarding the care they provide.
Establishing a low-risk zone for a temporary extra-articular calcaneo-tibial pin fixation in an unstable ankle or subtalar joint
Authors: Yang Ik , Lee Ho Won , Xu Huiying , Kang Seung Rim , Kim Hyong Nyun
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to establish a low-risk zone to avoid neurovascular injury during a temporary extra-articular calcaneo-tibial pin fixation in an unstable ankle or subtalar joint. A line from the calcaneal tuberosity center to the lateral end of the posterior malleolus at the ankle joint level defines the lateral border of this zone. Another line from the calcaneal tuberosity center to the midpoint of the anterior distal tibial articular surface at the joint level defines its medial border. This region was assumed to have a low neurovascular injury risk upon pin insertion. Fifty ankles from 50 patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for ankle disorders were assessed. T1-weighted oblique axial MRI slices were oriented to the pin trajectory. The mean distances between the sural nerve and the lateral border of the low-risk zone and between the posterior tibial neurovascular structures and the medial border of the low-risk zone were 15.0 ± 2.5 (range 9.1 to 21.1) and 12.8 ± 2.6 (6.3 to 20.8) mm, respectively. No neurovascular structures were identified within the low-risk zone. These findings demonstrated that an unstable ankle or subtalar joint can be temporarily fixated with an extra-articular calcaneo-tibial pin at a defined zone with a low neurovascular injury risk.
ADAR3 activates NF-κB signaling and promotes glioblastoma cell resistance to temozolomide
Authors: Raghava Kurup Reshma , Oakes Eimile K. , Vadlamani Pranathi , Nwosu Obi , Danthi Pranav , Hundley Heather A.
Published: August 2022

The RNA binding protein ADAR3 is expressed exclusively in the brain and reported to have elevated expression in tumors of patients suffering from glioblastoma compared to adjacent brain tissue. Yet, other studies have indicated that glioblastoma tumors exhibit hemizygous deletions of the genomic region encompassing ADAR3 (10p15.3). As the molecular and cellular consequences of altered ADAR3 expression are largely unknown, here we directly examined the impacts of elevated ADAR3 in a glioblastoma cell line model. Transcriptome-wide sequencing revealed 641 differentially expressed genes between control and ADAR3-expressing U87-MG glioblastoma cells. A vast majority of these genes belong to pathways involved in glioblastoma progression and are regulated by NF-κB signaling. Biochemical and molecular analysis indicated that ADAR3-expressing U87-MG cells exhibit increased NF-κB activation, and treatment with an NF-κB inhibitor abrogated the impacts of ADAR3 on gene expression. Similarly, we found that increased cell survival of ADAR3-expressing cells to temozolomide, the preferred chemotherapeutic for glioblastoma, was due to increased NF-κB activity. Aberrant constitutive NF-κB activation is a common event in glioblastoma and can impact both tumor progression and resistance to treatment. Our results suggest that elevated ADAR3 promotes NF-κB activation and a gene expression program that provides a growth advantage to glioblastoma cells.
The impact of alkaline treatments on elasticity in spruce tonewood
Authors: Malvermi Raffaele , Albano Michela , Gonzalez Sebastian , Fiocco Giacomo , Antonacci Fabio , Malagodi Marco , Sarti Augusto
Published: August 2022

It is commonly believed that violins sound differently when finished. However, if the role of varnishes on the vibrational properties of these musical instruments is well-established, how the first components of the complete wood finish impact on the final result is still unclear. According to tradition, the priming process consists of two distinct stages, called pre-treatment and sizing. The literature reports some recipes used by old Cremonese luthiers as primers, mainly based on alkaline aqueous solutions and protein-based glues. In this manuscript, we analyze the impact of these treatments on the mechanical properties of the material. The combination of two pre-treatments and three sizes is considered on nine different plates. We compare the vibrational properties before and after the application and assess the effects of the different primers, also supported by finite element modeling. The main outcome is that the combination of particular treatments on the violin surface before varnishing leads to changes not only to the wood appearance, but also to its vibrational properties. Indeed pre-treatments, often considered negligible in terms of vibrational changes, enhance the penetration of the size into the wood structure and strengthen the impact of the latter on the final rigidity of the material along the longitudinal and radial directions.
Long-term follow-up MRI shows no hastening of adjacent segment degeneration following cervical disc arthroplasty
Authors: Burkhardt Benedikt W. , Baumann Lukas , Simgen Andreas , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Hendrix Philipp , Reith Wolfgang , Oertel Joachim M.
Published: August 2022

Cervical disc arthroplasty is an established procedure, but studies with data on long-term clinical outcome, reoperation for symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration (sASD), and degenerative changes based on MRI findings are rare. Thus, a file review was performed and patients with complete documentation of neurological status at preoperative, postoperative, 12 month, 3–4 years follow-up including surgical reports for reoperation with a minimum follow-up of 9 years were included. Final follow-up assessment included a physical examination, assessment of pain levels, Odoms criteria, Neck disability index. The degeneration of each cervical segment at preoperative and at final follow-up was assessed using an MRI. Forty-six out of 68 included patients participated, the mean follow-up was 11 (range 9–15) years, at which 71.7% of patients were free of arm pain, 52.2% of patients were free of neck pain, 63% of patients had no sensory dysfunction, and full motor strength was noted in 95.6% of patients. The clinical success rate was 76.1%, the mean NDI was 12%. Overall repeated procedure rate was 17%, the reoperation rate for sASD was 9%, and removal of CDA was performed in 4%. MRI showed progressive degeneration but no significant changes of SDI from preoperative to final follow-up.
Direct constraint control for EM-based miniaturization of microwave passives
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna
Published: August 2022

Handling constraints imposed on physical dimensions of microwave circuits has become an important design consideration over the recent years. It is primarily fostered by the needs of emerging application areas such as 5G mobile communications, internet of things, or wearable/implantable devices. The size of conventional passive components is determined by the guided wavelength, and its reduction requires topological modifications, e.g., transmission line folding, or utilization of compact cells capitalizing on the slow-wave phenomenon. The resulting miniaturized structures are geometrically complex and typically exhibit strong cross coupling effects, which cannot be adequately accounted for by analytical or equivalent network models. Consequently, electromagnetic (EM)-driven parameter tuning is necessary, which is computationally expensive. When the primary objective is size reduction, the optimization task becomes far more challenging due to the presence of constraints related to electrical performance figures (bandwidth, power split ratio, etc.), which are all costly to evaluate. A popular solution approach is to utilize penalty functions. Therein, possible violations of constraints degrade the primary objective, thereby enforcing their satisfaction. Yet, the appropriate setup of penalty coefficients is a non-trivial problem by itself, and is often associated to extra computational expenses. In this work, we propose an explicit approach to constraint handling, which is combined with the trust-region gradient-search procedure. In our technique, the decision about the adjustment of the search radius is determined based on the reliability of rendering the feasible region boundary by linear approximation models of the constraints. Comprehensive numerical experiments conducted using three miniaturized coupler structures demonstrate superiority of the presented method over the penalty function paradigm. Apart from the efficacy, its appealing features include algorithmic simplicity, and no need for tailoring the procedure for a particular circuit to be optimized.
DNAzyme recognition triggered cascade signal amplification for rapid and highly sensitive visual detection of uranyl ions
Authors: Zhang Ling , Shi Siwei , Xiong Penghui , Chen Lumin , Xu Jie , Jiang Jiaolai , Yang Shanli , Wu Haoxi
Published: August 2022

A 40 min rapid and highly sensitive assay for visualized detection of UO22+ in water samples is reported. A dynamic range 1~50 nM and a LOD of 0.48 nM were obtained. Concentrations as low as 5 nM UO22+ could be distinguished by the naked eye.
Blue energy generation by the temperature-dependent properties in funnel-shaped soft nanochannels
Authors: Karimzadeh Mohammad , Khatibi Mahdi , Ashrafizadeh Seyed Nezameddin , Mondal Pranab Kumar
Published: August 2022

Salinity energy generation (SEG) studies have only been done under isothermal conditions at ambient temperature.
Molecular origin of structural defects in the zinc phthalocyanine film
Authors: Odintsova E. G. , Petrenko V. E. , Kolker A. M. , Borovkov N. Y.
Published: August 2022

The structure of thin phthalocyanine films is modeled for practical purposes.
Iron L3-edge energy shifts for the full range of possible 3d occupations within the same oxidation state of iron halides
Authors: Flach Max , Hirsch Konstantin , Timm Martin , Ablyasova Olesya S. , da Silva Santos Mayara , Kubin Markus , Bülow Christine , Gitzinger Tim , von Issendorff Bernd , Lau J. Tobias , Zamudio-Bayer Vicente
Published: August 2022

Chemical shift spread of 420meV of formally identical metal centers solely induced by change in metal 3d occupation.
Recognition and mechanistic investigation of anion sensing by ruthenium(ii) arene complexes and bio-imaging application
Authors: Sonkar Chanchal , Sarkar Sayantan , Malviya Novina , Kuznetsov Maxim L. , Mukhopadhyay Suman
Published: August 2022

Four new ruthenium(ii)–arene amino acid complexes were synthesised and characterized by spectrophotometric, analytical and computational techniques. Further evaluation for their sensing, bio-compatibility, and bio-imaging abilities were carried out.
Effective modification of photocatalytic and piezocatalytic performances for poly(heptazine imide) by carbon dots decoration
Authors: Wang Shijie , Zhang Haoqing , Nie Ran , Ning Yuxin , Zhao Chenxi , Xia Zhonghui , Niu Ping , Li Li , Wang Shulan
Published: August 2022

This work provides an effective strategy to modify the photocatalytic and piezoelectric catalytic activities of poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) by decorating with a low amount of carbon dots.
Two cationic iron-based crystalline porous materials for encapsulation and sustained release of 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Sun Xi-yu , Zhang Hong-jing , Sun Qian , Gao En-qing
Published: August 2022

Two cationic MOFs were constructed through pre-emptive coordination for 5-Fu drug delivery. They show ideal drug loading, pharmacokinetic behavior, and biocompatibility for 5-Fu, making them strong candidates for practical applications.
Spectroscopic characterization of a Ru(iii)-OCl intermediate: a structural mimic of haloperoxidase enzymes
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Awasthi Ayushi , Gupta Sikha , Eerlapally Raju , Draksharapu Apparao
Published: August 2022

Haloperoxidase enzymes utilize metal hypohalite species to halogenate aliphatic and aromatic C–H bonds to C–X in nature. Here we report the spectroscopic characterization of a unique Ru(iii)-OCl species as a structural mimic of haloperoxidases.
Sterics and metal-ion radius control the self-assembly of [M2L3] helicates
Authors: Siddique Rashid G. , Arachchige Kasun S. A. , AL-Fayaad Hydar A. , McMurtrie John C. , Clegg Jack K.
Published: August 2022

Both sterics and metal ion radius influences the outcomes of self-assembly reactions.
Peanut allergen induces more serious allergic reactions than other allergens involving MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Junjuan , Song Ruolin , Lan Ruoxi , Hao Mengzhen , Liu Guirong , Liu Manman , Sun Shanfeng , Chen Cheng , Che Huilian
Published: August 2022

Asthma genes were regulated through the MAPK signaling pathways to produce related Th2 cytokines in the peanut allergy.
Machine learning-based prediction and inverse design of 2D metamaterial structures with tunable deformation-dependent Poisson's ratio
Authors: Tian Jie , Tang Keke , Chen Xianyan , Wang Xianqiao
Published: August 2022

An integrated approach including MD simulation and ML algorithm is formulated to predict the dynamic features of Poisson's ratio and offer inverse design of a metamaterial structure upon a target quasi-continuous Poisson's ratio-deformation curve.
Controllable fabrication of hollow In2O3 nanoparticles by electron beam irradiation
Authors: Xu Tao , Zhang Hao , Ye Mao , Zhu Yatong , Yuan Dundong , Li Wei , Zhou Yilong , Sun Litao
Published: August 2022

A growth strategy is presented for controllable fabrication of hollow In2O3 nanoparticles via oxidation of In nanocrystals under electron beam irradiation.
Substrate-controlled Rh(iii)-catalyzed regiodivergent annulation towards fused and spiro benzimidazoles
Authors: Huang Ying-Ti , Barve Indrajeet J. , Huang Yi-Ting , Dhole Sandip , Chiu Wei-Jung , Sun Chung-Ming
Published: August 2022

Switchable selectivity towards the formation of two distinct products, benzimidazole-fused isoquinolines and benzimidazole-spiro isoindoles, can be achieved using unsubstituted and substituted benzimidazoles at the ortho-position of the phenyl ring.
Electrosynthetic C–F bond cleavage
Authors: Röckl Johannes L. , Robertson Emma L. , Lundberg Helena
Published: August 2022

This review describes synthetically relevant electrochemically driven protocols for cleavage and subsequent functionalization of C–F bonds, including photoelectrochemical strategies.
Solvent-free mechanochemical grinding facilitates clean synthesis of N-substituted amines
Authors: Sharma Neha , Sharma Himanshi , Kumar Manoj , Grishina Maria , Pandit Unnat , Poonam  , Rathi Brijesh
Published: August 2022

We optimized a solvent-free mechanochemical grinding procedure for the synthesis of N-substituted amines. The method involves mild reaction conditions and isolation of products without column chromatography.
Combining iminium and supramolecular catalysis for the [4 + 2] cycloaddition of E-cinnamaldehydes
Authors: Shrestha Kendra K. , Hilyard Michael A. , Alahakoon Indunil , Young Michael C.
Published: August 2022

Organocatalysis inside of a self-assembled supramolecular host provides access to Diels–Alder cyclizations of cinnamaldehydes.
Cobalt-catalyzed synthesis of aryl ketones and aldehydes from redox-active esters
Authors: Wang Lan , Yu Jiage , Duan Zeqing , Jin Jingrong , Zhang Yunfei
Published: August 2022

A cobalt-catalyzed new transformation of redox-active esters was developed and synthetic application was demonstrated by biologically active molecules.
para-Fluoro/thiol click chemistry-driven pentafluorostyrene-based block copolymer self-assembly: to mimic or not to mimic the solubility parameter?
Authors: Mandal Prithwiraj , Marcasuzaa Pierre , Billon Laurent
Published: August 2022

This investigation reports the controlled transition from disordered/nano-segregated poly(styrene-b-pentafluorostyrene) (PS-b-PPFS)-based block copolymers after a subsequent para-fluoro/thiol click reaction with different functional thiol agents.
Antimony -doped indium-based halide single crystals enabling white-light emission
Authors: Wu Yue , Shi Cui-Mi , Kang Shi-Rong , Xu Liang-Jin
Published: August 2022

Metal halides(TMPL)3InCl6·EtOH:xSb3+with tunable colors were obtained by gradient Sb3+doping. Interestingly, white emission was achieved when 0.1% of Sb3+was employed, due to a combination of the cyan emission of organic moiety and orange emission from metal halides.
Dinuclear zinc catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] spiroannulation for the synthesis of diverse bispirocyclic saccharines
Authors: Chen Shuang-Hu , Miao Yu-Hang , Mei Guang-Jian , Hua Yuan-Zhao , Jia Shi-Kun , Wang Min-Can
Published: August 2022

A highly atom-economical and novel enantioselective [3 + 2] spiroannulation reaction of saccharine-derived cyclic 1-azadienes with α-hydroxy-1-indanones has been developed.
Plasmonic colloidal Au nanoparticles in DMSO: a facile synthesis and characterisation
Authors: Dzhagan Volodymyr , Kapush Olga , Plokhovska Svitlana , Buziashvili Anastasiya , Pirko Yaroslav , Yeshchenko Oleg , Yukhymchuk Volodymyr , Yemets Alla , Zahn Dietrich R. T.
Published: August 2022

We report on the synthesis of stable plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and demonstrate that the AU NPs are biocompatible and function as SERS-active substrates.
From 0D to 2D: N-doped carbon nanosheets for detection of alcohol-based chemical vapours
Authors: Mokoloko Lerato L. , Matsoso Joyce B. , Antonatos Nikolas , Mazánek Vlastimil , Moreno Beatriz D. , Forbes Roy P. , Barrett Dean H. , Sofer Zdeněk , Coville Neil J.
Published: August 2022

2D layered carbon nanostructures made by annealing 0D carbon dots, have been used as ethanol/methanol sensors.
Biodegradable floating hydrogel baits as larvicide delivery systems against mosquitoes
Authors: Piazzoni Marco , Negri Agata , Brambilla Elisa , Giussani Laura , Pitton Simone , Caccia Silvia , Epis Sara , Bandi Claudio , Locarno Silvia , Lenardi Cristina
Published: August 2022

Biological methods for mosquito larvae control are completely biodegradable and have null or limited effects on nontarget organisms.
Practice of function-oriented synthesis: high-efficiency CO2 conversion and Knoevenagel condensation by two novel In3-based MOFs with high-density active sites under mild conditions
Authors: Qiao Junyi , Zhang Borong , Zhang Lirong , Liu Yunling
Published: August 2022

Based on function-oriented synthesis, high-density multiple active sites were successfully introduced into two novel In3-based MOF materials. Both compounds exhibit high catalytic performances for CO2 cycloaddition and Knoevenagel condensation.
Co-doped Ni–Mo oxides: highly efficient and robust electrocatalysts for urea electrooxidation assisted hydrogen production
Authors: Liu Xiangyun , Qin Hehe , Wang Genxiang , Li Qiuju , Huang Qisu , Wen Zhenhai , Mao Shun
Published: August 2022

Electrolysis systems constructed by anodic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have received considerable attention in sustainable energy and waste utilization.
Spectroelectrochemically determined energy levels of PM6:Y6 blends and their relevance to solar cell performance
Authors: Neusser David , Sun Bowen , Tan Wen Liang , Thomsen Lars , Schultz Thorsten , Perdigón-Toro Lorena , Koch Norbert , Shoaee Safa , McNeill Christopher R. , Neher Dieter , Ludwigs Sabine
Published: August 2022

A systematic spectroelectrochemical approach is presented to precisely determine frontier orbital energies of PM6:Y6 blends in device-relevant films and results are discussed regarding their impact on solar cell performance.
Improving DFIG performance under fault scenarios through evolutionary reinforcement learning based control
Authors: Gao Wei , Fan Rui , Huang Renke , Huang Qiuhua , Du Yan , Qiao Wei , Wang Shaobu , Gao David Wenzhong
Published: August 2022

The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) usually experiences high rotor current and DC capacitor link voltage spikes during system fault events. In this paper, a novel data‐driven approach is proposed to enhance DFIG performance under fault scenarios. An advanced reinforcement learning algorithm called guided surrogate‐gradient‐based evolution strategy (GSES) is used to control the DFIG power and capacitor DC‐link voltage by adjusting the optimal reference signals. This controller is able to prevent the DFIG rotor from over‐current risk and maintain grid‐connected operation. The proposed GSES‐based control algorithm was evaluated through simulations on a 3.6‐MW DFIG in the PSCAD/EMTDC software. Results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed GSES‐based control algorithm in improving DFIG performance under various fault scenarios.
Fault diagnosis technologies for power transformers during the on‐site inductive oscillating switching impulse voltage withstand test
Authors: Zhang Xuanrui , Wang Haotian , Guo Ruochen , Zhang Zheming , Li Junhao , Han Xutao
Published: August 2022

Although oscillating switching impulse (OSI) voltage is recommended for the transformer field test, the lack of corresponding fault diagnosis technologies limits its application in the field. In this study, the inductive OSI test technology and diagnostic methods are investigated. The front time and the oscillation frequency of the OSI are altered by changing the additional inductance, whereas the tail time is affected by both the front and tail resistance. The OSI voltage withstand test is carried out on a 110 kV three‐phase double‐winding transformer on site. Furthermore, transfer function (TF) analysis is used for the diagnosis of transformer insulation with high sensitivity during the OSI test. The fault winding is distinguished by comparing the change in the voltage TF and current TF at different voltage levels. The partial discharge (PD) detection method has the highest sensitivity, which realizes the early diagnosis of insulation faults. The insulation status of the windings is ascertained based on the number and amplitude of PDs. The test results prove that the inductive OSI voltage withstand test is easy to perform on site and can successfully diagnose the insulation faults of the transformer in more detail compared with other routine insulation tests.
Measuring chemical abundances in AGN from infrared nebular lines: HII-CHI-MISTRY-IR for AGN
Authors: Pérez-Díaz Borja , Pérez-Montero Enrique , Fernández-Ontiveros Juan A. , Vílchez José M.
Published: August 2022

Context. Future and ongoing infrared and radio observatories such as JWST, METIS, and ALMA will increase the amount of rest-frame IR spectroscopic data for galaxies by several orders of magnitude. While studies of the chemical composition of the interstellar medium (ISM) based on optical observations have been widely spread over decades for star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and, more recently, for active galactic nuclei (AGN), similar studies need to be performed using IR data. In the case of AGN, this regime can be especially useful given that it is less affected by temperature and dust extinction, traces higher ionic species, and can also provide robust estimations of the chemical abundance ratio N/O.

Aims. We present a new tool based on a Bayesian-like methodology (HII-CHI-MISTRY-IR) to estimate chemical abundances from IR emission lines in AGN. We use a sample of 58 AGN with IR spectroscopic data retrieved from the literature, composed by 43 Seyferts, eight ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), four luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), and three low-ionization nuclear emission line regions (LINERs), to probe the validity of our method. The estimations of the chemical abundances based on IR lines in our sample are later compared with the corresponding abundances derived from the optical emission lines in the same objects.

Methods. HII-CHI-MISTRY-IR takes advantage of photoionization models, characterized by the chemical abundance ratios O/H and N/O, and the ionization parameter U, to compare their predicted emission-line fluxes with a set of observed values. Instead of matching single emission lines, the code uses some specific emission-line ratios that are sensitive to the above free parameters.

Results. We report mainly solar and also subsolar abundances for O/H in the nuclear region for our sample of AGN, whereas N/O clusters are around solar values. We find a discrepancy between the chemical abundances derived from IR and optical emission lines, the latter being higher than the former. This discrepancy, also reported by previous studies of the composition of the ISM in AGN from IR observations, is independent of the gas density or the incident radiation field to the gas, and it is likely associated with dust obscuration and/or temperature stratification within the gas nebula.
Millimeter wave spectrum and search for vinyl isocyanate toward Sgr B2(N) with ALMA
Authors: Vávra K. , Kolesniková L. , Belloche A. , Garrod R. T. , Koucký J. , Uhlíková T. , Luková K. , Guillemin J.-C. , Kania P. , Müller H. S. P. , Menten K. M. , Urban Š.
Published: August 2022

Context. The interstellar detections of isocyanic acid (HNCO), methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO), and very recently also ethyl isocyanate (C2H5NCO) invite the question of whether or not vinyl isocyanate (C2H3NCO) can be detected in the interstellar medium. There are only low-frequency spectroscopic data (<40 GHz) available for this species in the literature, which makes predictions at higher frequencies rather uncertain, which in turn hampers searches for this molecule in space using millimeter (mm) wave astronomy.

Aims. The aim of the present study is on one hand to extend the laboratory rotational spectrum of vinyl isocyanate to the mm wave region and on the other to search, for the first time, for its presence in the high-mass star-forming region Sgr B2, where other isocyanates and a plethora of complex organic molecules are observed.

Methods. We recorded the pure rotational spectrum of vinyl isocyanate in the frequency regions 127.5–218 and 285–330 GHz using the Prague mm wave spectrometer. The spectral analysis was supported by high-level quantum-chemical calculations. On the astronomy side, we assumed local thermodynamic equilibrium to compute synthetic spectra of vinyl isocyanate and to search for it in the ReMoCA survey performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) toward the high-mass star-forming protocluster Sgr B2(N). Additionally, we searched for the related molecule ethyl isocyanate in the same source.

Results. Accurate values for the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants are reported for the ground vibrational states of trans and cis vinyl isocyanate from the analysis of more than 1000 transitions. We report nondetections of vinyl and ethyl isocyanate toward the main hot core of Sgr B2(N). We find that vinyl and ethyl isocyanate are at least 11 and 3 times less abundant than methyl isocyanate in this source, respectively.

Conclusions. Although the precise formation mechanism of interstellar methyl isocyanate itself remains uncertain, we infer from existing astrochemical models that our observational upper limit for the CH3NCO:C2H5NCO ratio in Sgr B2(N) is consistent with ethyl isocyanate being formed on dust grains via the abstraction or photodissociation of an H atom from methyl isocyanate, followed by the addition of a methyl radical. The dominance of such a process for ethyl isocyanate production, combined with the absence of an analogous mechanism for vinyl isocyanate, would indicate that the ratio C2H3NCO:C2H5NCO should be less than unity. Even though vinyl isocyanate was not detected toward Sgr B2(N), the results of this work represent a significant improvement on previous low-frequency studies and will help the astronomical community to continue searching for this species in the Universe.
Detecting chiral asymmetry in the interstellar medium using propylene oxide
Authors: Lankhaar Boy
Published: August 2022

Context.Life is distinctly homochiral. The origins of this homochirality are under active debate. Recently, propylene oxide has been detected in the gas-phase interstellar medium (ISM). The enantiomeric composition of ISM propylene oxide may be probed through circular polarization measurements, but accurate estimates of the circular dichroism properties of the microwave transitions of propylene oxide are not available.

Aims.Our aim is to develop a model of the circular dichroic activity in torsion–rotation transitions of closed-shell chiral molecules such as propylene oxide. With this model we can estimate the viability, and optimize the observation strategies, of enantiomeric excess detection in ISM propylene oxide.

Methods.Circular dichroism in spectral lines manifests through the simultaneous interaction of an electromagnetic radiation field with the molecular electric dipole moment and magnetic dipole moment. We developed techniques to quantify electric dipole and magnetic dipole moments of torsion–rotation transitions by expanding on earlier modeling of the electric and magnetic dipole properties of single torsion–rotation levels. To model the circular dichroism properties of propylene oxide, we used these techniques in combination with ab initio quantum chemical calculations.

Results.The expressions for the dichroic activity of the microwave transitions of torsionally active molecules are derived. We find that the torsional motion of molecules exhibiting internal rotation contributes significantly to the total magnetic moment. We present estimates for the dichroic activity of the torsion–rotation transitions of propylene oxide. We predict that the circular polarization fractions of emission lines of enantiopure propylene oxide relevant to astronomical detections are on the order of 10−6.

Conclusions.Due to the low predicted circular polarization fractions, we conclude that enantiomeric characterization of propylene oxide in the gas phase of the ISM is impossible with the current astronomical observation techniques. We suggest that only chiral radical species may be viably employed for purposes of enantiomeric excess detection. We estimate that laboratory experiments may be successful in detecting the enantiomeric composition of a mixture of propylene oxide through microwave dichroism spectroscopy.
Cubic–quartic optical soliton perturbation and modulation instability analysis in polarization-controlled fibers for Fokas–Lenells equation
Authors: Al-Ghafri Khalil S. , Krishnan Edamana V. , Biswas Anjan
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study is to investigate miscellaneous wave structures for perturbed Fokas–Lenells equation (FLE) with cubic-quartic dispersion in polarization-preserving fibers. Based on the improved projective Riccati equations method, various types of soliton solutions such as bright soliton, combo dark–bright soliton, singular soliton and combo singular soliton are constructed. Additionally, a set of periodic singular waves are also retrieved. The dynamical behaviors of some obtained solutions are depicted to provide a key to understanding the physics of the model. The modulation instability of the FLE is reported by employing the linear stability analysis which shows that all solutions are stable.
Fluoreszenzgesteuerte Lymphgefäßversiegelung bei der systematischen Lymphknotendissektion zur Vermeidung von Lymphfisteln und Lymphozelen
Authors: Karampinis Ioannis , Gerken Andreas , Reissfelder Christoph , Nowak Kai , Jakob Jens
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund Die wichtigsten Morbiditäten der systematischen inguinalen und axillären Lymphknotendissektion sind Lymphfisteln und Serome. Die intraoperative, fluoreszenzgesteuerte
Versiegelung der Lymphgefäße könnte die Häufigkeit dieser postoperativen Komplikationen verringern.

Methoden Vor der Lymphadenektomie erfolgte die Intrakutaninjektion von Indocyanin-Farbstoff im Bereich der distalen Extremität. Die Lymphadenektomie wurde nach Standardprotokollen
durchgeführt. Während des gesamten Eingriffs wurde Nahinfrarot-Bildgebung eingesetzt, und es wurde eine fluoreszenzgesteuerte Lymphgefäßversiegelung in Echtzeit durchgeführt
(Videopräsentation).

Ergebnisse Die fluoreszenzgesteuerte Lymphgefäßversiegelung wurde bei 3 Patienten durchgeführt, die sich einer axillären systematischen Lymphknotendissektion unterzogen. Nach der
Injektion des Fluoreszenzfarbstoffs traten keine unerwünschten Ereignisse auf. Alle Patienten konnten ohne Wundkomplikationen entlassen werden.

Schlussfolgerung Die fluoreszenzgesteuerte Lymphgefäßversiegelung könnte eine vielversprechende neue Technik zur Verhinderung von Lymphfisteln nach systematischer Lymphadenektomie
sein.
The economic imperatives for technology enabled wellness centered healthcare
Authors: Jones Graham B. , Wright Justin M.
Published: August 2022

A 2020 World Health Organization report underscored the impact of rising healthcare spending globally and questioned the long-term economic sustainability of current funding models. Increases in costs associated with care of late-stage irreversible diseases and the increasing prevalence of debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, coupled with increases in life expectancy are likely to overload the healthcare systems in many nations within the next decade if not addressed. One option for sustainability of the healthcare system is a change in emphasis from illness to wellness centered care. An attractive model is the P4 (Predictive, Preventative, Personalized and Participatory) medicine approach. Recent advances in connected health technology can help accelerate this transition; they offer prediction, diagnosis, and monitoring of health-related parameters. We explain how to integrate such technologies with conventional approaches and guide public health policy toward wellness-based care models and strategies to relieve the escalating economic burdens of managed care.
A four parallel laser-based simultaneous measurement method for 6-degrees-of-freedom errors of rigid body with translational motion
Authors: Fu Guoqiang , Zheng Yue , Zhu Sipei , Lu Caijiang , Deng Xiaolei , Xie Luofeng , Yang Jixiang
Published: August 2022

The measurement of six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) errors of rigid bodies can show the real and accurate spatial pose of those rigid bodies. It plays a major role in precision calibration, spacecraft docking, machining, assembly, etc. In this paper, a four parallel laser-based simultaneous measurement (FPL-SM) method is proposed for measuring 6-DOF errors of rigid bodies with translational motion. First, a FPL-SM device is introduced. Its four laser heads form a rectangle, which is perpendicular to the movement direction of the measured linear displacement. Second, identification formulas for all geometrical errors in rigid bodies with translational motion are presented based on the relative positions of the four lasers. Based on the readings of the four lasers, angular errors and corresponding straightness errors are calculated for the direction of motion around the other two linear motions. As the two parallel sides of the rectangle are in different planes, the straightness errors of the two planes are different. The rolling angular error in the direction is expressed as the difference between the straightness errors of the two planes divided by the distance between the two planes. Six fundamental errors for rigid bodies with translational motion are obtained by four lasers in a single setting of the device. For multiple rigid bodies with mutually perpendicular translational motion, the squareness error is calculated by fitting to the actual direction of motion. Finally, experiments were carried out on the SmartCNC_DRDT five-axis machine tool and 21 geometric errors were determined for three translational axes. Error compensation was carried out using the generated machine tool geometric error data to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FPL-SM method. In addition, geometric errors and thermal errors of the Z axis of the GTI-2740 machine tool are measured based on the FPL-SM method.
Bio-inspired programmable multi-stable origami
Authors: Huang Cenling , Tan Ting , Hu Xinyu , Yang Fengpeng , Yan Zhimiao
Published: August 2022

This Letter presents a programmable path to multi-stability of the Kresling origami by introducing bio-inspired nonlinear creases. The origami mathematical model is proposed for the bio-inspired Kresling with the validations by uniaxial compression experiment and finite element analysis. Mono-stability, bi-stability, and tri-stability are demonstrated in one Kresling origami cell. Local energy minimum of multi-stability is found to arise from asymmetric energy barriers. Stable state bifurcation can be tunable under different nonlinearity of the creases and free-stress dihedral angles. Position of stable equilibria can be programmable by varying free-stress dihedral angle of the crease. This work provides a strategy to design programmable multi-stable origami structures.
The evolution of curvature in planar, photoionization-driven heat fronts
Authors: LeFevre H. J. , Drake R. P. , Kuranz C. C.
Published: August 2022

Photoionized plasmas are common in astrophysics and cosmology, especially in space near compact objects, and there are effects from photoionization in high-energy-density plasmas due to the large radiation fields present. Photoionized plasmas are an active area of laboratory research and there are currently experiments to study photoionization-supported heat fronts. These photoionization fronts differ from the physics of diffusive radiation waves, commonly called Marshak waves, that are also an active area of research. This work uses a geometric argument to describe the expected evolution of the photoionization front curvature, in a planar geometry. It then compares this curvature to that of a Marshak wave as a method of diagnosing a heat front experiment. It is found that while the curvature of a planar Marshak wave increases in time, it decreases for a photoionization front. A comparison of radiation energy and electron heat fluxes through the container for the heat front propagating medium demonstrates that the geometric argument for the photoionization front curvature is sufficient. This comparison also demonstrates that wall losses are not significant in a photoionization front because the post-front region is very optically thin. A discussion of the implication this work has on material choice in the targets for an experiment follows.
Mitigation of seismic waves using graded broadband metamaterial
Authors: Daradkeh Ashraf Mohammed , Hojat Jalali Himan , Seylabi Elnaz
Published: August 2022

In recent years, researchers have shown interest in blocking low-frequency vibrations with the aid of metamaterials due to their inherent wave-filtering properties. However, proposing a practical metamaterial layout remains a challenge, taking into consideration the size, shape, and availability of metamaterial components. This study proposes a new configuration that can increase the range of the attenuation frequency. The configuration focuses on the capability of graded metamaterials in filtering a wide range of wave frequencies that can be generated by low-amplitude waves. To find the best configuration with the widest bandgap, square periodic sections using different materials including steel, rubber, concrete, tungsten, and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer were considered. Unit cells with two layers of materials were examined numerically to determine the attenuation zones and the effect of material properties and core size on the bandgap width and frequency range. Furthermore, the performance of the unit cells in a soil medium under the low-amplitude low-frequency surface and bulk waves is evaluated in the frequency domain using finite element analysis, in which the metamaterial is embedded periodically in a soil medium with different configurations, including a graded distribution. The results show that having an array of unit cells spaced periodically can decrease the transmission of the wave to the protected zone located after the array, and the application of grading can increase the attenuation zones to filter frequencies as low as 4.5 Hz and up to 29 Hz.
Effective dynamics of interacting fermions from semiclassical theory to the random phase approximation
Authors: Benedikter Niels
Published: August 2022

I review results concerning the derivation of effective equations for the dynamics of interacting Fermi gases in a high-density regime of mean-field type. Three levels of effective theories, increasing in precision, can be distinguished: the semiclassical theory given by the Vlasov equation, the mean-field theory given by the Hartree–Fock equation, and the description of the dominant effects of non-trivial entanglement by the random phase approximation. Particular attention is given to the discussion of admissible initial data, and I present an example of a realistic quantum quench that can be approximated by Hartree–Fock dynamics.
The AuSc, AuTi, and AuFe molecules: Determination of the bond energies by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry experiments combined with ab initio calculations
Authors: Lucci Elena , Giarrusso Sara , Gigli Guido , Ciccioli Andrea
Published: August 2022

The AuTi gaseous molecule was for the first time identified in vapors produced at high temperature from a gold–titanium alloy. The homogeneous equilibria AuTi(g) = Au(g) + Ti(g) (direct dissociation) and AuTi(g) + Au(g) = Au2(g) + Ti(g) (isomolecular exchange) were studied by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry in the temperature range 2111–2229 K. The so determined equilibrium constants were treated by the “third-law method” of thermodynamic analysis, integrated with theoretical calculations, and the dissociation energy at 0 K was derived as D0K° (AuTi) = 241.0 ± 5.2 kJ/mol. A similar investigation was carried out for the AuSc and AuFe species, whose dissociation energies were previously reported with large uncertainties. The direct dissociation and the isomolecular exchange with the Au2 dimer were studied in the 1969–2274 and 1842–2092 K ranges for AuSc and AuFe, respectively, and the dissociation energies derived as D0K° (AuSc) = 240.4 ± 6.0 and D0K° (AuFe) = 186.2 ± 4.2 kJ/mol. The experimental bond energies are compared with those calculated here by coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations with the correlation-consistent basis sets cc-pVXZ(-PP) and cc-pwCVXZ(-PP) (with X = T, Q, 5), also in the limit of complete basis set, and with those from complete active space self-consistent field-multi-reference configuration interaction calculations, recently available in the literature. The stronger bond of AuTi compared to AuFe parallels the trend observed in monochlorides. This analogy is shown to be more generally observed in the AuM and MCl diatomic series (with M = first row transition metal), in accordance with a picture of “pseudo-halogen” bonding behavior of gold.