bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization of thallium(I) acesulfamate
Authors: Baran Enrique J. , Parajón-Costa Beatriz S. , Echeverría Gustavo A. , Piro Oscar E.
Published: July 2016

SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THALLIUM(I) ACESULFAMATE

 

     The new acesulfamate salt, TlC4H4NO4S, was prepared by reaction of acesulfamic acid and thallium(I) carbonate in aqueous solution.  Its crystal and molecular structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The substance crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a, with unit cell parameters a = 7.5844(4) Å, b = 9.7268(5) Å, c = 10.8105(5) Å, β = 105.174(6)°, and Z=4 molecules per unit cell, and is isostructural with the corresponding sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium salts. The FTIR and Raman spectra of the compound are also recorded and briefly discussed.
Minerals as a source of novel Li-ion battery electrode materials
Authors: Liivat Anti , Thomas Josh
Published: July 2016

As a tribute to the major contribution made by Academician Gligor Jovanovski to the field of Mineralogy in Macedonia, this paper promotes the potential role that minerals can have as a future source of inspiration in identifying novel materials for sustainable energy storage in general, and for advanced Li-ion batteries in particular. We exemplify this by indicating the innovative use of polyanions in novel Li-ion battery cathode materials such as the olivine lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), and in an even newer material – the orthosilicate lithium iron silicate (Li2FeSiO4). Both materials have strong intrinsic links to mineralogy – and illustrate well how mineralogy can lead to new material breakthroughs in this and other areas of modern technology.
Bimodal nanoindentation response of the (001) face in crystalline sodium saccharin dihydrate
Authors: Mishra Manish Kumar , Ramamurty Upadrasta , Desiraju Gautam R.
Published: July 2016

The nanoindentation response of the (001) face of sodium saccharin dihydrate is examined. The structure can be demarcated into regular and irregular regions or domains. The regular domains have solid-like and the irregular ones have liquid-like characteristics. Therefore, these domains impart a microstructure to the crystal. The indent face (001) is prominently developed in this crystal and unambiguously presents the regular and irregular regions to nanoindention.  Average values of elastic modulus and hardness show a distinct bimodal mechanical response. Such a response has been observed in the case of intergrown polymorphs of aspirin and felodipine.  We examine two possible reasons as to why the responses could be for bimodal in this crystal. The first possibility could be that the two domains correspond to regions of the original dihydrate and a lower hydrate that is obtained by the loss of some water. The second possibility could be that these responses correspond to regular and irregular regions in the structure. Nanoindentation is a very useful technique in the characterization of molecular solids, as a complementary technique to X-ray crystallography, because it samples different length scales.
Vibrational spectra of hexaaquacomplexes. XII. On the possible anion disorder in selenate alums: prediction of the crystal structure and vibrational spectra of KAl(SeO4)2·12H2O and related alums
Authors: Petruševski Vladimir M.
Published: July 2016

A survey is given for the crystallographic and vibrational spectroscopic results of a number of alums. From both types of results (structural and spectroscopic) it is positively known that the sulfate α-alums exhibit orientational disorder of the sulfate anions along the threefold symmetry axis. Both IR and Raman spectra confirm the finding for sulfate disorder in KAl(SO4)2·12H2O. Only the Raman spectra show clearly that the sulfate anions in many K, Tl and Rb are indeed disordered, in excellent agreement with the crystallographic results [1]. The disorder depends on the nature and size of MI cations in the structure, the smaller the radius, the larger the disorder. No anion disorder has thus far been detected in selenate alums. The structure prediction of KAl(SeO4)2·12H2O allows the existence of disorder of the selenate groups. The latter seems to be corroborated by the study of the Raman spectra of selenate α alums. It is thus worthwhile to have the crystal structure of KAl(SeO4)2·12H2O refined, in order to check this prediction and as an additional check of the general explanation for the sulfate anion disorder in alums, offered earlier [1].
Rigidified malononitrile- and ketone-merocyanines in rigid environments
Authors: Runcevski Tomce , Kreß Katharina C , Wahlberg Nanna , Dinnebier Robert E , Laschat Sabine
Published: July 2016

Two merocyanine dyes containing a malononitrile or a ketone functional group as electron-acceptors, and a piperidine group as electron-donor were synthetized and crystallized as pigments. The electron-donor and -acceptor moieties are linked via an octahydroanthracene skeleton, forming an electronic push-pull molecular system. The crystal structure of the malononitrile compound was solved ab initio from X-ray powder diffraction data, complementing the reported structure of the ketone pigment. Both compounds show similar molecular structures in the solid state, yet with completely different crystal packing schemes. The crystal structures were analysed with inspecting the Hirshfeld surfaces. IR spectroscopy was applied to complement the crystallographic study. The absorption characteristics of both pigments emerge from the push-pull chemical structure, which was visualized by plotting the electrostatic potentials, calculated using molecular geometries as observed in the solid state. The solid state UV-vis spectra showed peak broadening and bathochromic spectral shift as compared to the spectra recorded in solution, depending on the polarity of the solvent molecules: The largest shifts of the spectra of solid state pigments were observed with respect to the spectra recorded in toluene solution, whether the smallest to those in ethanol. 
Determination of the fenvalerate insecticide in natural waters by a photochemically-induced fluorescence method
Authors: Thiaré Diène Diégane , Coly Atanasse , Sarr Diégane , Khonté Abdourakhmane , Diop Amadou , Gaye-Seye Mame Diabou , Delattre François , Tine Alphonse , Aaron Jean-Jacques
Published: July 2016

The fenvalerate pyrethroid insecticide was determined in various types of natural waters of Senegal by means of a newly-developed, simple, rapid and very sensitive photochemically-induced fluorescence (PIF) method. The PIF method was optimized with respect to the irradiation time, solvent and pH. The obtained calibration curves yielded correlation coefficients very close to unity. The limit of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ) values were very low (LOD = 0.01–0.66 ng/ml and LOQ = 0.04–2.20 ng/ml, according to the solvent), and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were small, ranging between 0.1 and 1.5 %, which indicated a very good analytical sensitivity and a great repeatability of PIF. Recovery studies were performed on spiked distilled water, tap water, sea water, well water, river water and draining water samples of Senegal, using the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), and standard addition procedures. Satisfactory recovery results (about 85–121%) were obtained for the determination of fenvalerate in an aquatic environment.
Pustulose subcórnea refratária ao uso da dapsona: relato de caso
 doi: 10.20513/2447-6595.2016v56n1p60-63
Authors: Abreu Ítalo Eugênio , Solon Francisco Roberto Neves
Published: July 2016

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA: Pustulose subcórnea de Sneddon-Wilkinson ou doença de Sneddon-Wilkinson (DSW) é uma dermatose neutrofílica, geralmente benigna, podendo ou não ser associada a neoplasias, acometendo comumente mulheres entre 40 e 50 anos. De etiopatogenia desconhecida, apresenta vesículas pustulosas e pequenas, com conteúdo purulento na região inferior e límpido na superior. OBJETIVO: Apresentar caso clínico de paciente com pustulose subcórnea, que não apresentou boa resposta inicialmente à droga de primeira escolha, dapsona. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente branca, 73 anos, feminino, apresentando placas eritêmato-descamativas disseminadas no abdômen, membro inferior e dorso, sem o acometimento de mucosas. O primeiro diagnóstico foi eritrodermia esfoliativa, com remissão após 3 semanas com uso de predinisona 1 mg/kg, voltando depois a apresentar lesões pustulosas superficiais e dispostas em padrões anulares e serpiginosos distribuídas em todo tegumento. O exame histopatológico, de resultado inconclusivo, levou à segunda hipótese: psoríase pustulosa em foco, sendo então iniciada a dapsona 200 mg. O quadro evoluiu sem melhora e apresentando anemia, podendo esta ser efeito adverso da medicação, visto que não apresentava tal quadro anteriormente. Decidiu-se, então, pela suspensão da dapsona e iniciou-se prednisona, após a qual apresentou melhora parcial do quadro dermatológico e hematológico. O exame anatomopatológico levou a duas possibilidades: pênfigo IgA ou postulose subcórnea. Após o exame imunofluorescência direta confirmou-se diagnóstico para a última, ensejando o reinício da dapsona combinada com a prednisona. O uso da dapsona foi mantida por 1 ano, na dose de 50 mg/dia, resultando no controle do quadro dermatológico, sem recrudescimento da anemia.
Cisto ovariano gigante simulando ascite
 doi: 10.20513/2447-6595.2016v56n1p71-74
Authors: Braga Virginia Moreira , Lima José Milton de Castro , Costa Marcelo Leite Vieira , Martins Cesar Portugal Prado
Published: July 2016

Cisto ovariano gigante simulando ascite é um evento raro devido ao avanço do diagnóstico precoce por imagem nos serviços de saúde. O diagnóstico diferencial com ascite é o maior desafio durante o manejo desses cistos. Como tratamento, requerem ressecção pelos sintomas associados que podem causar, como complicações devido ao efeito de massa, dificuldades em estabelecer a origem da lesão e do risco de malignidade (raro). Descreveremos um caso de uma jovem com cisto ovariano gigante internada com hipótese inicial de ascite de causa a esclarecer.
Abscesso hepático e êmbolos sépticos pulmonares: uma rara associação causada por E.Coli
 doi: 10.20513/2447-6595.2016v56n1p75-78
Authors: Aguiar Lara Silva , Jorge Iago Farias , Martins Camilla De Almeida , Andrade Rosa Priscila Oliveira Monte , Reis Ricardo Coelho
Published: July 2016

A Embolia Séptica Pulmonar (ESP) é uma condição mórbida rara caracterizada pela presença de múltiplos abscessos na periferia do parênquima pulmonar, em adição ao isolamento de bactérias no sangue ou em locais de infecção. Relatamos o caso de um homem de 52 anos com história de colecistite litiásica crônica, admitido com quadro de êmbolos sépticos pulmonares por Escherichia coli secundários a abscesso hepático causado por fístula enterobiliar. Em virtude da raridade dessa associação na literatura, descreveremos esse caso com o objetivo de promover seu reconhecimento precoce, já que o tratamento adequado com antibioticoterapia proporciona um melhor prognóstico aos pacientes.
Metodologias e Temas Pesquisados em Finanças: Uma Análise Bibliométrica nos Principais Periódicos do Brasil.
Authors: Faria Evandro Rodrigues de , Andrade Lelis Pedro de , Gonçalves Márcio Augusto
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo objetivou descrever a situação da produção científica no campo de finanças, por meio de dados levantados a partir dos artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais. Para fins desta pesquisa optou-se pela lei de Lotka para mensurar a produtividade na área. A amostra constitui-se de 82 trabalhos apresentados nos cinco melhores periódicos entre os anos de 2008 a 2011. A delimitação das subáreas de finanças foi feita com base na classificação da Sociedade Brasileira de Finanças (SBFIN) e Enanpad, com algumas adaptações. Foi possível concluir que pesquisa em finanças no Brasil parece ser menos produtiva do que nos EUA, por exemplo. O número de autores com mais de um artigo é menor do que o estimado por modelos bibliométricos. A maioria dos autores publicaram apenas uma vez e não foi possível encontrar um número considerável de autores que poderiam ser intitulados expoentes na área de finanças no Brasil. Temas emergentes como finanças comportamentais, microcrédito e finanças públicas ainda não estão sendo estudados no Brasil.
On the Distribution of the Zeros of Lacunary type Polynomials
Authors: Zargar B. A.
Published: July 2016

In this paper we use matrix methods and Gereshgorian disk Theorem to present some interesting generalizations of some well-known results concerningthe distribution of the zeros of polynomial. Our results include as a special case some results due to A .Aziz and a result of Simon Reich-Lossar.
In this issue
Authors: Di Ferrante Laura , Gironzetti Elisa
Published: July 2016

In this first editorial we introduce the reader to E-­‐JournALL, its mission and objectives, and then present the content of the articles of the first issue and how they fit within the scope of the journal.
Reconsidering language teaching through a focus on humor
Authors: Bell Nancy , Pomerantz Anne
Published: July 2016

Formal language education is often predicated on a series of modernist fictions that greatly simplify the nature of language and the process of communication. Acts of linguistic creativity involving humor and language play are frequently either ignored or considered deviant. In this paper, we contribute to ongoing efforts to re-conceptualize language education in ways that make use of more robust (and less modernist) theories of language and communication. We revisit calls for more pedagogical focus on humor and language play and illustrate how more attention to these types of language might help us to move away from some of the classroom fictions that currently constrain teachers and learners alike. Specifically, we present recent conceptions of language and of communication, and discuss how, in light of these, humor and language play can be used to increase learners’ metalinguistic awareness and expand their communicative/interpretive repertoires.
Assessment and Treatment of Identity Pathology During Adolescence
Authors: Schlüter-Müller Susanne , Goth Kirstin , Jung Emanuel , Schmeck Klaus
Published: July 2016

Personality disorders can be seen as patterns of maladaptive personality traits that have their onset during childhood or adolescence and that have an impact on the individual throughout the life span. Identity disturbance is seen as the central construct for detecting severe personality pathology—and, most notably, borderline personality disorder—in adults and adolescents. Therefore, in the revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, the construct of “identity” has been integrated as a core diagnostic criterion for personality disorders.

One of the most central tasks of normal adolescent development is the consolidation of identity. Crises in the development of identity usually resolve into a normal and consolidated identity with flexible and adaptive functioning. By contrast, identity diffusion is viewed as a lack of integration of the concept of the self and significant others; it is also seen as the basis for subsequent personality pathology, including that of borderline personality disorder, which leads to a broad spectrum of maladaptive and dysfunctional behaviors.

To measure identity pathology and its improvement with treatment, we developed a self-report questionnaire entitled Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence to establish a reliable, valid, and time-efficient inventory to represent a dimensional concept of healthy and impaired personality development. The reliability of this self-report questionnaire is excellent, and the total score differentiated significantly between controls and patients with personality disorders. Adolescent Identity Treatment is a treatment model that focuses on identity pathology as the core characteristic of personality disorders. This model integrates specific techniques for the treatment of adolescent personality pathology on the background of object-relation theories and modified elements of Transference-Focused Psychotherapy. Moreover, psychoeducation, behavior-oriented home plans, and family work support the therapeutic process of the adolescent.
Principais deficiências dos estudos de impacto ambiental
Authors: Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de , Oliveira Nathália Barbosa de , Silva João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da , Angelo Humberto
Published: July 2016

O licenciamento ambiental de atividades que causem impacto significativo exige a elaboração do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) e o seu respectivo Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA). Porém, esses estudos tem apresentado uma baixa qualidade, que contribui para tornar o processo de licenciamento ambiental lento e pouco efetivo. O objetivo do trabalho é identificar as principais deficiências dos EIAs a partir da opinião de analistas ambientais do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) de Brasília. A amostra contou com a percepção de 53 analistas e o método empregado foi a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que os principais problemas ocorrem nas etapas do diagnóstico ambiental e na análise dos impactos. Em menor quantidade, foram realizadas críticas em relação à comunicação dos EIAs e na elaboração dos termos de referência para realização dos estudos. A partir dos resultados, pode-se concluir que os problemas nos EIAs decorrem de dificuldades de coordenação e integração dos diferentes estudos relacionados ao meio ambiente, bem como, da falta de entendimento das funções e objetivos dos EIAs.
Síntese do percloreto de ferro a partir de águas residuais da produção de biodiesel tratadas por eletrofloculação para confecção de placas de circuito impresso
Authors: Oliveira Fernando Carlos Ferreira de , Vieira Samara Pereira , Cavalcanti Luiz Antônio Pimentel
Published: July 2016

A produção de biodiesel por rota metílica por catálise alcalina, geralmente, exige uma etapa de purificação gerando águas residuais que na sua composição apresentam componentes contaminantes inviabilizando o seu descarte como estabelece a Resolução CONAMA n° 430/2011. Alternativas de reuso e aplicações práticas visando a minimizar a contaminação hídrica tem sido alvo de diversos estudos da comunidade científica. O processo de eletrofloculação foi usado para o tratamento das águas residuais da etapa de purificação do biodiesel. O tratamento foi realizado em reator eletroquímico constituído de eletrodos retangulares de ferro com 9 cm de comprimento e 3 cm de largura. Os eletrodos foram fixados em um béquer de 0,5 L, através de uma estrutura metálica, e a eles foram soldados fios que se ligam à fonte geradora de corrente contínua de intensidade 2,0 A, alimentado por um sistema fotovoltaico. O efluente resultante composto principalmente por cloreto de ferro II foi oxidado pela adição de peróxido de hidrogênio a cloreto de ferro III (percloreto de ferro). A solução sobrenadante foi separada para testes de coagulação e a solução residual teve seu pH reduzido até o valor 1,0. Posteriormente a solução foi concentrada em estufa por 6 h a 90 °C. A solução de percloreto obtida a partir das águas residuais da produção de biodiesel foi empregada para confecção de placas de circuito impresso.
Impacto ambiental do mercúrio em lâmpadas fluorecentes descartadas no Instituto Federal de Sergipe, Campus Lagarto (Nordeste do Brasil)
Authors: Ramos Pedro Lucas Ferras , Fraga Jhennifer Laruska Leal , Morais Amanda Santos , Silva Lôrrana Fraga Sousa , Morais Fernanda dos Santos , Silva Beatriz Soares , Rocha Ricardo Monteiro
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo discorre acerca do impacto ambiental do mercúrio em lâmpadas fluorescentes descartadas no Instituto Federal de Sergipe. Desse modo, criou-se um modelo matemático para calcular a quantidade de mercúrio exposto ao ambiente proveniente de lâmpadas fluorescentes em desuso no Instituto Federal de Sergipe, Campus Lagarto, e seu impacto ambiental. Os resultados indicam que os 50.000 mg (50 g) iniciais de mercúrio contemplam sua totalidade de decomposição a partir do primeiro ano após o descarte. Sendo o limite de tolerância biológica de 0,000033 g de mercúrio por grama de creatina urinária, o mercúrio descartado no Instituto Federal de Sergipe não é somente suficiente para contaminação interna, como a expande também para uma área abrangente de contaminação externa. Observaram-se, através de questionários, que o Município de Lagarto, Estado de Sergipe, não possui pontos de coleta, indispensáveis para o cumprimento da logística reversa das lâmpadas e, por esta causa, os 1.800 alunos do Instituto Federal de Sergipe, Campus Lagarto, bem como o restante da população local, cerca de 100 mil habitantes, são obrigados à realização inadequada do descarte de lâmpadas devido à má implementação da lei instituída para a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei nº 12.305/2010). (PIBIC-EM/CNPq).
Avaliação dos indicadores do aterro controlado do Município de Alagoa Grande-PB e seus impactos ambientais
Authors: Pinto Rennêr Ribeiro , Braz Ana Caroline Silva , Santos Pablyano Rodrigues dos , Silva Grace Kelly Neves da , Silva Gerlane Henrique da , Resende Fábio de Melo
Published: July 2016

Devido ao aumento populacional assim como o aumento da demanda de consumo, a geração de resíduos sólidos vem se tornado um sério problema nos dias atuais. A disposição inadequada desses resíduos sólidos no ambiente causa inúmeros impactos ambientais, para isso é necessário que haja o seu tratamento, onde então se faz necessário estar à disposição um aterro sanitário. Segundo dados da última Pesquisa Nacional de Saneamento Básico, o percentual de municípios que destinavam seus resíduos a vazadouros a céu aberto (lixão) caiu de 72,3% para 50,8%, enquanto os que utilizam aterros sanitários subiram para 27,7%. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a situação e os impactos ambientais oriundos do aterro controlado do Município de Alagoa Grande-PB. Em visita in loco ao município aplicou-se o formulário IQAR/CETESB, para diagnosticar as principais características do local, a infraestrutura implantada e as condições de operação. O preenchimento das variáveis do formulário permitiu alcançar um IQAR de 5,1, enquadrando o aterro controlado em condições inadequadas para destinação final de resíduos sólidos.
Why ASEAN Could Stay Strong?
Authors: Wisnu Dinna
Published: July 2016

How confident are ASEAN as a regional organization? Will ASEAN turn into a mere coffee-talk forum? This article evaluates the bases for ASEAN and demonstrates that ASEAN has reasons to stay strong as regional cooperation. Rather than denying tensions, this article agrees that there are tensions among members but it also recognizes such challenge as the one that unites ASEAN members together. There are some dilemmas among members of ASEAN that does not left much room for members but to cooperate with each other: the dilemma of risking higher tensions among members, the dilemma of risking the benefits of existing pooling of resources, the dilemma of improving connectivity among members and the dilemma of facing global pressure on good governance and liberal democracy.
State and Industrial Policy: Comparative Political Economic Analysis of Automotive Industrial Policies in Malaysia and Thailand
Authors: Tai Wan-Ping , Ku Samuel
Published: July 2016

Numerous differences exist between the neoclassical and national development schools of economics on how an economy should develop. For example, should the state interfere in the market using state resources, and cultivate certain industries to achieve specific developmental goals? Although the automotive industries in both Thailand and Malaysia developed in the 1970s with considerable government involvement, they have evolved along very different lines. Can these differences be traced to different interactions between the state and industry in these two countries? This paper examines this issue and finds that although industries in developing countries need government assistance, the specific political and economic contexts of each country affect the policies adopted and their effectiveness. The choice between “autonomous development” (Malaysia) and “dependent development” (Thailand) is the first issue. The second issue is that politics in Malaysia has deterred the automotive industry from adopting a “market following” position. This paper finds that the choice of strategy and political interference are the two main reasons the automotive industry in Malaysia is less competitive than that in Thailand.
Economic and Socio-Cultural Relations between Indonesia and Taiwan: An Indonesian Perspective, 1990-2012
Authors: Kabinawa Luh Nyoman Ratih Wagiswari
Published: July 2016

This paper analyzes the puzzle why did Indonesia maintain durable economic and socio-cultural relations with Taiwan? In order to answer that question, this paper argues that due to the Indonesian people as promoter of ideas lead interactions with Taiwan, Indonesia is able to maintain its durable economic and socio-cultural relations with Taiwan despite under the absence of diplomatic relations. People-to-people interaction builds three kinds of interactions between Indonesia and Taiwan on the issue of economic and socio-cultural: unofficial interaction, semi-official interaction, and official interaction. This paper employs Indonesian perspective approach that stressed on the pattern of relations that stem from people-to-people interactions between Indonesia and Taiwan. Thus, the paper aims to fill the gap in the literature on Taiwan and Indonesia relations that mostly focus on analysis of economic diplomacy, interest (Leifer 2001; Ku 1995, Leong 1995, Lee 1990, Klintworth 1995, Rich 2009), shifting on international order (Ku;1998), and the PRC’s factor on Indonesia and Taiwan relations (Ku 2002; Irawan 2006).
Enhancing People-to-People Cooperation between ASEAN and East Asia Countries through Counterparts: The Case of Indonesian Student in Taiwan
Authors: Paramitaningrum Paramitaningrum
Published: July 2016

Besides businessmen and workers, Indonesian students have become one of the recent important actors in Indonesia - Taiwan bilateral relations. Currently, Taiwan became one of the popular destinations among Indonesians to pursue their highest degree.  In 2013, the numbers of Indonesian students has reached 3000 persons, made them the third largest group of Southeast Asian students in Taiwan after Vietnamese and Malaysians. The Indonesian students are quite organized and active. Giving the lack of diplomatic relations between both countries, these students are potential to be one of the significant actors to bridge Indonesia - Taiwan relations. However, they have some limitations on conducting their activities. On the Taiwan side, this trend has not gained sufficient responds.  Indonesia is still considered an unattractive object to study, comparing to other Southeast Asian countries. Therefore interaction tends to be one side only. This paper would discuss on (1) what the Indonesian students in Taiwan can do to maximize their capabilities to attract Taiwanese to learn more about Indonesia; (2) How the Taiwanese should respond to these trends, in order to create two ways of interaction. In that case, the counterparts are significant to bridge the limitations of mutual interaction between both states, especially to eliminate the unclear perceptions among Taiwanese to Indonesia, which might affect Indonesia – Taiwan bilateral relations, and to promote Indonesia in the better outlook.
Challenges against Xi Jinping: an ASEAN Perspective
Authors: Dahana Abdullah , Rosalin Kelly
Published: July 2016

Since the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 and Deng Xiaoping in 1997, factionalism and power struggle as the characteristic of leadership change in China has ended. Although factionalism still exists, it has been converted to collaboration among all factions within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The election of Xi Jinping to the presidency of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and to the position as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is therefore, as the result of cooperation among factions. This paper discusses various challenges, including nationalism as the most serious issue faced by Xi Jinping as a leader elected through compromise.
Inactivation of Ascaris eggs and Salmonella spp. in fecal sludge by treatment with urea and ammonia solution
Authors: Fidjeland J. , Nordin A. , Vinnerås B.
Published: July 2016

Ammonia sanitisation is a promising treatment alternative for inactivation of pathogens in fecal sludge intended for agricultural use. Inactivation of Ascaris eggs and Salmonella spp. was studied in fecal sludge at ≥28 °C treated with low doses of urea, and in fecal sludge at ≤17 °C treated with high doses of ammonia solution. The effect of ammonia and carbonate on Ascaris inactivation in buffer was also studied. Ascaris eggs and Salmonella spp. were inactivated in fecal sludge treated with 0.4% urea or more at ≥28 °C. With lower doses of urea, the pH of the fecal sludge decreased during the experiment, resulting in low NH3 concentrations and subsequently no inactivation of Ascaris eggs. Ascaris was successfully inactivated at 5 °C, but the NH3 concentrations required were 10-fold higher than at high temperatures and the storage time required was longer. The buffer study showed that carbonate (CO32−) had a statistically significant impact on Ascaris inactivation, but the effect was low compared with that of NH3. Thus for inactivation of Salmonella spp. with urea at low temperatures, CO32− is probably a more important factor than NH3.
Comunidades de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en quebradas de la Isla de Providencia, mar Caribe colombiano
Authors: Cortés-Guzmán Daniela , Ospina-Torres Rodulfo
Published: July 2016

A pesar del uso extendido de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados dulceacuícolas en estudios básicos y aplicados de ecología acuática, es poco lo que se conoce para la Isla de Providencia, más aun cuando la biota de las islas es de interés por sus posibles relaciones con el continente y con islas cercanas. El presente estudio caracterizó la composición y la estructura de las comunidades de macroinvertebrados dulceacuícolas de la Isla durante tres periodos de muestreo relacionados con el ciclo hidrológico e identificó las distribuciones geográficas de los elementos faunísticos encontrados. Se seleccionaron cinco sitios (Lazy Hill, Bailey, Fresh Water, El Pico y Old Town) en los cuales se midieron variables físicas y químicas y se recolectaron individuos en cada microhábitat disponible. Posteriormente se calcularon descriptores de la comunidad (riqueza específica y abundancia) e índices de diversidad (diversidad de Margalef, dominancia de Simpson y equidad de Shannon-Weiner) y se aplicaron pruebas de Kruskal Wallis para establecer las diferencias en las abundancias entre las épocas de muestreo y entre los sitios. Un ACC se realizó para establecer la asociación de los organismos con las variables físicas y químicas. Se encontró que los sitios de Lazy Hill y El Pico son los que representan mayor diversidad (DMg: 7.15 y 8.40, respectivamente) y pueden ser un refugio importante para las comunidades en la época de sequía. Las distribuciones geográficas no permitieron reconocer endemismos a nivel genérico, sino que las comunidades estudiadas son una combinación de elementos cosmopolitas centro y suramericanos principalmente. La estacionalidad tiene un efecto notable sobre la composición de las comunidades, siendo mayor en los cuerpos de agua con menos obras de intervención como Lazy Hill y El Pico.
Procesos de manejo costero integrado en Ecuador y Sri Lanka: Una perspectiva de comparación
Authors: De Avellar-Mascarello Marcela , García Cartagena Martin , Jara Torres Eddy
Published: July 2016

Ecuador (en 1989) y Sri Lanka (en 1990) empezaron sus procesos de Manejo Costero Integrado - MCI utilizando fondos de la misma Cooperación Internacional y asesoramiento y evaluación de la misma universidad extranjera. Tomando en cuenta estas similitudes y que ambos son países tropicales en vía de desarrollo se efectuó un análisis comparativo entre ambos. A través del modelo conceptual de ciclos de MCI sugerido por GESAMP y una amplia revisión bibliográfica y documental sobre la temática, fueron analizados ambos procesos de MCI, a fin de entender sus fortalezas y debilidades para fomentar nuevos procesos de MCI, así como también evaluar el uso del modelo conceptual de GESAMP como herramienta de análisis.  Lo que en principio parecían procesos similares, en la práctica fueron muy distintos.  Ecuador presentó un proceso más orientado a la participación desde el comienzo, mientras Sri Lanka solamente en la tercera generación logró integrar aproximaciones participativas. De otro lado, Sri Lanka tuvo un proceso más ordenado y centrado en desarrollo institucional, estableciendo primero un marco institucional que sirviera de base al comienzo del proceso de MCI.  Ambos países han alcanzado resultados de primer orden (cambios institucionales), de segundo orden (cambios en el comportamiento) y posiblemente de tercer orden (cambios socioeconómicos y ambientales).  Se concluye con este estudio de caso que los procesos participativos, la voluntad política, los procesos de evaluación y la financiación fueron fundamentales para el éxito de ambos proceso de MCI. También se encontró que el modelo conceptual propuesto por GESAMP representa una herramienta teórica fundamental para la planificación y análisis de los procesos de MCI, pero podría ser revisado y contrapuesto empíricamente a través de una investigación más profunda, con un mayor número de casos internacionales concretos de implementación de planes de MCI.
Microbiota aislada del pepino de mar (Isostichopus badionotus) nativo de la Bahía de Taganga, Caribe colombiano
Authors: Luna-Fontalvo Jorge , Rodríguez-Forero Adriana , Sarmiento-Rodríguez Jonathan
Published: July 2016

Se identificaron las comunidades bacterianas y fúngicas asociadas a la piel y al tracto digestivo de Isostichopus badionotus, con el objetivo de evaluar las posibles relaciones antagónicas entre éstas.  Para tal fin, se realizaron frotis superficiales a nivel de la epidermis y el tracto digestivo, los cuales se sembraron en medios de cultivo específicos para bacterias y hongos.  La identificación de los microorganismos se realizó teniendo en cuenta la morfología colonial en medio de cultivos y las características microscópicas. Así mismo, a las colonias bacterianas purificadas se les aplicaron pruebas bioquímicas a través de los micrométodos BBL Crystal® para Gram negativos y Gram positivos. Los hongos fueron identificados por medio de métodos microscópicos empleando claves taxonómicas. Se analizó la actividad inhibidora de las cepas bacterianas mediante la técnica de difusión en agar con discos de sensibilidad. En total se aislaron 42 cepas bacterianas de las cuales se seleccionaron diez para su identificación taxonómica: Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. megaterium, Corynebacterium aquaticum, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas maltophilia y Acinetobacter anitratus. El enfrentamiento entre estas especies bacterianas no reflejó actividad inhibitoria en el crecimiento. Se aislaron 27 cepas fúngicas de las cuales se identificaron ocho especies: Penicillium sp., Paecilomyces sp., Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Gliocladium sp., Cladosporium fulvum y C. herbarum. Entre las especies fúngicas se logró observar un efecto inhibitorio en las pruebas de enfrentamiento dual. Las especies identificadas pueden corresponder a la microbiota normal del pepino como también estar presente en el agua o sedimento; por esa razón se requieren estudios complementarios que confirmen los resultados obtenidos.
Liberación de Chrysoperla argentina (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) para el control de Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) en invernáculo de pimiento en Tucumán, Argentina
Authors: Flores Gabriela Cecilia , Reguilón Carmen , Alderete Germán Luis , Kirschbaum Daniel Santiago
Published: July 2016

Se hizo un estudio con el objetivo de regular los niveles poblacionales de la mosca blanca Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), en un cultivo de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.), bajo un invernadero en la localidad de San Isidro de Lules, provincia de Tucumán (Argentina), mediante el uso de Chrysoperla argentina (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), el cual es un depredador polífago nativo. En el invernadero se establecieron dos sectores: módulo testigo (MTe) y módulo tratamiento (MTr); en cada uno de ellos se seleccionaron cuatro parcelas al azar de 20 plantas cada una y se realizaron monitoreos periódicos de mosca blanca en diez plantas enumeradas por cada parcela. Una vez que la densidad poblacional de mosca blanca alcanzó el umbral de daño económico, estimado en >50 adultos por planta, se efectuaron dos liberaciones de C. argentina en estado adulto y larval, en el MTr. Se evaluó el efecto de control de la crisopa sobre la mosca blanca. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante análisis de la varianza (prueba F) y prueba t. Se confirmaron diferencias significativas en cuanto al número de individuos de moscas blancas entre MTe y MTr, correspondientes al último muestreo, posterior a la liberación del depredador. A partir de este estudio se concluyó que C. argentina logró disminuir los niveles poblacionales de T. vaporariorum, por lo que es considerado un controlador eficaz de este fitófago.
Macroinvertebrados acuáticos asociados a raíces de Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms, en la ciénaga de Zapayán, Magdalena-Colombia
Authors: Rúa-García Gustavo
Published: July 2016

Con el propósito de conocer la comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos asociados a raíces de Eichhornia crassipes en la ciénaga de Zapayán, se realizaron muestreos entre abril y agosto de 2014. Se tomaron muestras de raíces de Eichhornia crassipes, extraídas mediante el uso de una red de 150 μm de poro y preservadas en alcohol al 96 %. También se midieron in situ variables físicas y químicas, tales como la temperatura, el pH y la conductividad. Se recolectaron 881 organismos durante el estudio, el 75,37 % durante la época de aguas altas y el 24,63 % restante en aguas bajas. Se registraron 27 familias y 33 géneros. La familia Cyclestheriidae (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata) fue la más abundante con el 19,18 %, seguido de Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) con el 14,98 %. Las familias con las menores abundancias fueron Muscidae, Tabanidae (Insecta: Diptera) y Ceanidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) con solo el 0,11 %, equivalente a solo un organismo en cada caso. Se puede afirmar que la baja abundancia de algunos organismos se puede deber a la baja oferta alimenticia y las altas temperaturas del agua registradas en el área de estudio.
Caracterización tecnológica e índices de captura de elasmobranquios, con redes de enmalle que incorporan anzuelos, utilizadas en el golfo de Salamanca (Caribe colombiano)
Authors: Marrugo Cristhian , Altamar Jairo , Duarte Luis Orlando
Published: July 2016

La captura de elasmobranquios asociada a la pesca artesanal en el golfo de Salamanca ha sido poco estudiada. Particularmente, se carece de evaluaciones del impacto que la actividad extractiva produce sobre las abundancias de estos recursos, por lo cual resulta necesario determinar la composición de las capturas  e los artes de pesca y las características constructivas y operativas de dichas artes. Mediante análisis de información de desembarcos pesqueros y de conocimiento tradicional, se evaluó la pesquería artesanal de redes de enmalle que opera en el golfo de Salamanca. El análisis evidenció un aumento en el poder de pesca, y la reciente incorporación de anzuelos a las redes de enmalle, cuya práctica inició hace 20 años pero se masificó desde 2010, lo que incrementa la eficiencia en la captura incidental de elasmobranquios. Se documentó una disminución histórica en el tamaño de malla (de 127,0 a 88,9 mm), la cual no introdujo cambios en la tendencia de la captura por unidad de esfuerzo, pero sí estuvo acompañada por una ampliación progresiva de la distribución espacial de la zona de pescas. Según la percepción de los pescadores, la incorporación de anzuelos hace que las redes de enmalle tengan una mayor incidencia en la captura de tiburones. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a la identificación de medidas de manejo orientadas a la conservación de elasmobranquios.
Research on Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Unequal Span Under Low Cyclic Reversed Loading
Authors: Lai Wang , Wei Xuan , Ning-ning Feng , Shuping Cong , Feng Liu , Qiumei Gao
Published: July 2016

In order to investigate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame with unequal span, a specimen was tested under low-cyclic loading and the seismic performance of this frame was analyzed based on fiber element method using software OpenSees. Hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, ductility, stiffness degradation and energy dissipating capacity of the frame are compared and analyzed. The experimental and simulate results demonstrate that this frame has a poor seismic performance. Thus, it is suggested that the seismic strengthening criteria of unequal-span frame structure should be raised and the existing buildings of this structure should be retrofitted.
Applying Sustainable Development Principles and Sustainable Operating Practices in Shale Oil and Gas Production
Authors: Shields Deborah J.
Published: July 2016

Shale oil/gas is one of the most rapidly growing types of unconventional fossil fuel development and the abundance of this resource has postponed peak oil and gas. Physical scarcity of hydrocarbons is now less likely to occur in the near future; however, the likelihood of social scarcity is increasing. Despite the clear economic benefits of production in terms of jobs, tax revenue, and the provision of energy resources and industrial feedstocks, there is hostility toward shale oil/gas extraction in many parts of the world. This is due to concerns about how environmental, social, and economic impacts are managed and mitigated,and how risks and benefits are distributed among industry, governments and civil society.The application of sustainable development principles and sustainable operating practices is recommended as a partial remedy for this situation. Sustainability accounting frameworks based on criteria and indicators of sustainability and best practice codes of conduct represent two possible approaches for tracking how sustainable a firm’s practices are. These also provide a foundation for corporate social responsibility and can assist firms in gaining social license to operate. Also needed are estimates of a given operation’s net contribution to sustainable development. Possible methods include benchmarking against industry standards,achieving mature business conduct, gaining sustainability certification, demonstrated use of both design for environment and shared value creation methodologies, and integrated sustainability assessment. Conceptual progress has been made in applying sustainability to shale oil/gas; however, significant progress in applying these tools and methods in the field is needed because the sector tends to be judged by the behavior of the least responsible firm. Moreover, if best practices and shared value creation are set aside during the current or a future downturn, public cynicism about the sector will increase, and social license may be lost and even more difficult to regain.
A Review of Numerical Simulation Strategies for Hydraulic Fracturing, Natural Fracture Reactivation and Induced Microseismicity Prediction
Authors: Shahid A.S.A. , Fokker P.A. , Rocca V.
Published: July 2016

Hydraulic fracturing, natural fracture reactivation and resulting induced microseismicity are interconnected phenomena involved in shale gas exploitation. Due to their multi-physics and their complexity, deep understanding of these phenomena as well as their mutual interaction require the adoption of coupled mechanical and fluid flow approaches. Modeling these systems is a challenging procedure as the involved processes take place on different scales of space and also require adequate multidisciplinary knowledge. An extensive literature review is presented here to provide knowledge on the modeling approaches adopted for these coupled problems. The review is intended as a guide to select effective modeling approaches for problems of different complexity.
Shale Reservoir-Centric Completions
Authors: Spaid John S. , Dahl Jeff A. , Dusterhoft Ronald G. , Siddiqui Shameem , Holderby Eric , McDaniel Buddy
Published: July 2016

In North America, the transition from more conventional reservoirs into tight, basin-centered gas and now source shales has caused the industry to change the way reservoir performance is being assessed, measured, and documented. Historically in conventional reservoirs the reservoir quality was carefully examined on a well by well basis to determine reserves in place and exploitation plans. For unconventional reservoirs, however, the commercializing of such plays quickly became centered on horizontal drilling of long laterals combined with massive volume, high rate multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. In that environment, completion design and hydraulic fracturing have become more of a statistical process; additionally, incremental improvement and innovation are used to create a treatment schedule often replicated across an entire field without consideration of reservoir variability across a lateral. Based upon vertical well experience, the fracture initiation points can be carefully selected by identifying the locations within the well that are best to perforate. In a horizontal well, however, the location of the lateral defines the fracture initiation points anywhere along the well, so the stratigraphic location of the well lateral becomes critical in non-homogeneous shale plays. To address this, engineers and geoscientists can identify important parameters necessary for optimum completion design, and earth modelling can then be used as a tool to capture and model these properties across the asset making critical information available as needed for drilling, completion, and production operations.
Three-dimensional evaluation of social smile symmetry
Authors: Duran Gökhan S , Dindaroğlu Furkan , Görgülü Serkan
Published: July 2016

Objective:

To evaluate the social smile symmetry using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetric images.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted with 3D facial images of 30 individuals (age range 13–25 years). The rest position was considered as the reference image and the social smile image was aligned on this image using the best-fit alignment method. The spatial differences between the same points established on both images using 3D analyses were determined for right and left points in X, Y, and Z planes.

Results:

The highest difference related to spatial distance in right and left points was −0.56 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.19, 0.06 mm) between right and left commissure (Com) points. The difference was not significant, and the Bland-Altman upper and lower limits were −3.85 mm and 2.71 mm, respectively. The highest difference for the transversal plane was found in Com points, similarly to the spatial distance (mean: 0.50 mm, 95% CI, −2.62, 1.02 mm). The differences between the changes in the left and right points in the Y and Z plane were not significant (P > .05).

Conclusions:

The social smile was observed to show asymmetry in varying amounts in the different directions. Asymmetry increases in some cases, specifically for the corners of the mouth.