bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMATION AND SUBSTANTIATION OF ANTI-CRISIS STRATEGY OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF COUNTRIES WITH ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION
Authors: Getmanenko Oleksiy
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to form and substantiate the anti-crisis strategy of financial security of countries with economies in transition. This need is due to the fact that the development of the world economy and international financial relations, strengthening integration processes in the world in times of the ongoing global financial instability, internal and external contradictions and imbalances in financial markets require the development of new ways to improve financial security. Methodology. In the course of the analysis, various concepts and directions of improving the financial security of the state were considered, using the methodology of system analysis in the study, which allowed to form the principles of anti-crisis strategy of financial security of countries with economies in transition. Results. The most important tasks of strategic anti-crisis management of financial security of the state on the way to its integration into the world economy are to ensure an effective integration of the financial component of the economy within the regional and global financial relations, to improve the efficiency of public administration and optimize the system of overcoming external and internal threats to financial security, conduct a policy of reasonable protectionism within the framework of generally accepted and effective procedures, as well as to maintain stability of the national currency and its moderate volatility, etc. Practical implications. The analysis of concepts and areas of improvement of financial security of the state allowed to formulate the principles of anti-crisis strategy of the financial security of countries with economies in transition and to develop practical recommendations for improving the process of financial security management in Ukraine. Value/originality. The use of systematic analysis allowed to formulate the principles of anti-crisis strategy of the financial security of countries with economies in transition in modern conditions.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON MODERN PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING BUSINESS PROCESSES, CONTROLLING AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Idobayeva Alla
Published: February 2021

The objective of the article is to highlight and consider the main directions for improving the modern enterprise management system, since that in the modern market conditions, the issue of effective development for industrial enterprises becomes more relevant, while the fundamental bearing core of the enterprise's internal environment is the management efficiency. The main problem is the managerial inefficiency of an excessively large structure that is not well suited to the work in market conditions. Methodology. In the course of this analysis, the management system of an industrial enterprise was considered as a complex open system with the use of the system analysis methodology in the study, which made it possible to identify the main directions for its improvement. Results. Enterprise management is a continuous process of influencing the performance of an employee, group or enterprise as a whole for the best results in terms of achieving the goal, which has been set. The management process is provided by the trained management professionals who shape and manage the organization by setting goals and developing ways to achieve them. To do this, management must find an effective way to combine the key variables that characterize tasks and people, while taking into account the obvious and potential external and internal risks and threats. Setting goals and providing them with policies, strategies, procedures and rules, the necessary management mechanisms contribute to the solution of this task. Motivation and control also play a significant role in ensuring that the tasks are completed effectively. However, the key in this is precisely management, which is most obvious and directly related to the systematic coordination of tasks and, accordingly, the formal relationships of people performing them, and the correctly selected management process toolkit allows the enterprise to achieve the greatest efficiency. Practical implications. The performed analysis of the features of the functioning of the enterprise management system allows us to determine the following areas for improving the modern enterprise management system: improving the business processes of the enterprise, ensuring high-quality control in the enterprise management system, and introducing the enterprise risk-management. Value/originality. The use of system analysis made it possible to determine and substantiate the main directions of improving the modern enterprise management system.
BRANDING AS AN EFFECTIVE MARKETING STRATEGY FOR THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY
Authors: Kovalchuk Olha
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the paper is to justify the theoretical concept, to identify the main trends and develop practical recommendations for the use of branding by dairy companies to increase their competitiveness. Methodology. To achieve results, it is necessary to develop the theoretical foundations of branding; to consider the current state and trends of the dairy market in Ukraine; to analyze the experience of other countries using branding; determine the role of branding in the marketing strategy of the dairy industry. Results. The article proves the growing role of branding in ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises. The content of the concept of brand and branding as a component of marketing activities is revealed. The expediency of forming a premium pricing strategy is justfied. Peculiarities of branding on the market of dairy products of Ukraine are highlighted. The main trends in the development of the range of dairy products are studied: healthy nutrition, growth of the “vegetable milk” sector and lactose-free products. The target segment of consumers and its features, the main stages of the advertising campaign in promoting dairy products on the market are determined. Practical implications. Creating new brands of dairy products and distributing them to the market through branding is an effective method of ensuring the competitiveness of dairy products, but Ukrainian producers do not know how to use it successfully. This is due to the fact that competition in the field of dairy products is very high, and therefore the use of various measures to improve product quality and price measures of competition are quite limited. Therefore, non-price factors of dairy product competitiveness and non-price factors of competition come to the fore. Branding helps to reduce the cost of services to promote dairy products on the market and increase the commercial effect. The subject of research is a set of theoretical, methodological aspects of the organization and application of branding dairy companies in order to increase their competitiveness. Branding as an effective tool of communication policy of enterprises will ensure and then increase the competitiveness of poultry products through its personalized positioning and promotion.
Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat Pada Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus Norvegicus) Galur Wistar
Authors: Harsa I Made Subhawa
Published: February 2021

Wound refers to partly damage or loss of body tissue. One way that has been used by the people in helping the process of wound healing is the use of medicinal plants, such as gotu kola (Centella asiatica). Gotu kola (Centella asiatica)  is kind of plant that found almost in all territories of Indonesia which functions as a cell revitalizing substance which quickens wound healing those are burnt, skin ulcer and to prevent keloid. This study is aimed to know the effect of giving gotu kola leaf extract (Centella Asiatica) against to the healing of the wound incision on male white rats (Rattus Norvegicus) wistar strain. This study is a pure experimental research using the randomized post test only control group design with the subjects are 30 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) wistar strain that were divided into 3 groups, namely K1, K2, and K3. The incision wound were made on the back of all white rat in each group with a length of ± 2 cm and a depth of ± 2 mm. The wound in the negative control group (K1) was not given any substance; in the positive control group (K2) was given povidone iodine 10%; and in the treatment group (K3) was given gotu kola leaf extract at a dose of 37,5 mg/150 grBB. The study was done for 10 days. Furthermore, wound observation and monitoring is held. Then the results were processed by using One Way ANOVA. The result study of wound incision healing on male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) wistar strain shows that there is significant difference among the negative control group (K1), the positive control group (K2), and the treatment group (K3) on One Way ANOVA test which significant p-value are 0,027 (p < 0.05). The result of Post-Hoc LSD test also shows a significant differences among the K1 and K3 groups, and K2 and K3 groups which significant p-values are 0,011 and 0,038 (p < 0,05). From these results, it can be concluded that gotu kola leaf extract (Centella asiatica) effective on quickens wound healing of the wound incision on male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) wistar strain.
Uji Zona Hambat Kombinasi Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) dan Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli
Authors: Prayogo R Abyseka , Simamora Dorta
Published: February 2021

Escherichia coli bacteria is the most common cause of gastroenteritis (diarrhea), urinary tract infections (UTI), food poisoning, and other clinical problems such as neonatal miningitis. Garlic (Allium sativum) and Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) are plants that have antimicrobial properties, which can be used against bacteria such as E. Coli. This study was conducted to determine the inhibition zone combination of garlic extract (Allium sativum) and Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) against gram negative bacteria E. Coli. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, and has been ethically feasible. This study was divided into 4 groups with replications 6 times each; group P0 (sterile distilled water), P1 (50% garlic + 25% noni fruit), P2 (50% garlic + 50% noni fruit), P3 (50% garlic + 75% noni fruit). Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test. The analysis results showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone formed was the largest in group P1 (10.7 mm) and the smallest in group P0 (0 mm), while in P2 (9.89 mm), and P3 (9.77 mm). Based on the analysis test, the higher the concentration of noni fruit given to the extract combination resulted in the smaller diameter of the inhibition zone. This occurs due to the combination of garlic and Noni fruit has an antagonistic effect that depend on bacterial species, temperature, pH, chemical structure, chemical reactions, and concentrations or doses of antimicrobial compounds. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between group P1 and group P2, group P1 with group P3 and group P2 with group P3 showing p-value> 0.005.
Gambaran Penggunaan Obat Anti Epilepsi (OAE) pada Penderita Epilepsi Berdasarkan Tipe Kejang di Poli Saraf Rumkital DR. Ramelan Surabaya
Authors: Tedyanto Eric Hartono , Chandra Laurawati , Adam Olivia Mahardhani
Published: February 2021

Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by attacks (seizures, fit, attack, spell) spontaneous (unprovoked) and periodically. The main treatment of epilepsy is with antiepileptic drugs.  It was used the descriptive study design by using secondary data which taken at Medical Record Installation of Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital Surabaya from September-November 2018. The results showed that the percentage of focal seizures is 41%, seizures general is 36% and unclassified seizures is 23%. From 61 samples, the percentage of anti-epileptic drugs used are phenytoin (31.1%), valproic acid (21.3%) and carbamazepine (4.9%) as a monotherapy. While 42.7% were treated with polytherapy that the combination of phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine and benzodiazepines. Focal seizure that dominate with 41%, the general seizure is 36% and unclassified  seizures is 23%. Anti-epileptic drugs that are widely used class of phenytoin, valproic acid and carbamazepine as monotherapy and the combination of phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine and benzodiazepines as polytherapy.
Pengembangan Soal Matematika Bermuatan HOTS Setara PISA Berkonteks Pancasila
Authors: Amalia Anifa Ruzki , Rusdi Rusdi , Kamid Kamid
Published: February 2021

Dalam upaya penguasaan literasi matematis, perlu diimbangi dengan menumbuhkembangkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi yaitu membiasakan siswa mengerjakan soal non rutin berlevel tinggi setara PISA. Menyelesaikan soal matematika menggunakan konteks juga merupakan suatu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk membantu siswa menggunakan kemampuan matematika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Matematika memiliki keterlibatan dalam membantu pemahaman, pemaknaan, serta pengamalan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam konteks pancasila. Penekanan nilai pancasila dalam kehidupan sehari-hari siswa perlu diberikan sebagai alternatif untuk mengembangkan nilai budaya dan etika pancasila di dalam dunia pendidikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan soal matematika bermuatan HOTS setara PISA berkonteks pancasila yang valid dan praktis, serta memiliki efek potensial. Valid dari segi konten, konstruk, dan bahasa berdasarkan penilaian validator, praktis berdasarkan uji coba small group, dan memiliki efek potensial berdasarkan analisis hasil jawaban siswa pada field test. Penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan metode design research tipe development study. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 30 orang siswa kelas XII SMA N 12 Kota Jambi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan walktrough, wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat 5 unit soal matematika bermuatan HOTS setara PISA berkonteks pancasila serta mempunyai efek potensial terhadap kemampuan literasi matematika siswa dimana kemampuan yang dominan muncul yaitu kemampuan komunikasi.
Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Berbantuan Geogebra untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa
Authors: Nuritha Citra , Tsurayya Ayu
Published: February 2021

Saat situasi pandemi Covid–19 seperti sekarang ini, diperlukan media pembelajaran yang mampu meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa. Adanya keterbatasan jarak, waktu, dan tempat menuntut guru untuk kreatif dalam membuat media pembelajaran. Salah satunya menggunakan video pembelajaran berbantuan geogebra. Penelitian ini berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya. Video pembelajaran berbantuan geogebra ini dibuat untuk meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa dalam memahami dan menyelesaikan soal–soal persamaan garis lurus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan produk video pembelajaran berbantuan geogebra yang efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa, (2) mengetahui seberapa besar peningkatan kemandirian belajar siswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengambangan dengan menggunakan model 4–D. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada semester ganjil 2020/2021 di SMP Negeri 2 Bojonggede dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas VIII. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini diantaranya menggunakan SBi, nilai PA serta nilai standard gain. Hasil penelitian ini: (1) menghasilkan video pembelajaran berbantuan geogebra yang efektif untuk digunakan dalam meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa, (2) peningkatan kemandirian belajar siswa yang diperoleh menggunakan nilai standard gain standar 1,32 pada kategori tinggi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa video pembelajaran berbantuan geogebra efektif digunakan sebagai media atau alat bantu siswa dalam melakukan pembelajaran matematika yang mampu meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa.
Modelo teórico para mensuração do pensamento crítico holístico no ensino do processo diagnóstico de enfermagem
Authors: Riegel Fernando , Crossetti Maria da Graça Oliveira , Facione Peter A.
Published: February 2021

The theoretical model book for measuring holistic critical thinking (PCH) in the teaching of the nursing diagnostic process (PDE) highlights the complexity of the PDE based on the application of the PCH of nursing students in face of the requirement of making accurate clinical decisions; in addition, it demonstrates the applicability of the Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric (HCTSR) instrument authored by professors Peter A. Facione and Noreen Facione; for the assessment of holistic critical thinking in nursing and health, becoming an important diagnostic and formative assessment tool at different levels of education, which can contribute to the advancement of nursing science with regard to the training of critical nurses and reflective in the application of the nursing diagnostic process that is structured in the stages of investigation, interpretation and nursing diagnoses with a view to making accurate nursing decisions. To reach these stages, the nurse must develop skills of holistic critical thinking (PCH), in order to make decisions focused on the best results. Based on this theoretical model, it will be possible to implement different strategies to develop holistic critical thinking in teaching the diagnostic process according to the students' PCH level.
Issues of occupational health of healthcare workers and pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Denisov Eduard I. , Prokopenko Lyudmila V. , Pfaf Victor F.
Published: February 2021

An analysis of the documents of WHO, ILO, the European Union, etc., a review of the literature and essays on the problem of assessing the professional risk of healthcare workers in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as protection and prevention measures. A pandemic is a problem of public health and occupational medicine since healthcare workers are at the forefront of the fight against the epidemic for the health and life of the population and are themselves at extreme risk. On issues of labor protection and the health of healthcare workers, most women, there are a lot of works; there is ILO Nursing personnel Convention No. 149: Recognize their contribution, address their needs (1977), ratified by Russia. The profession is characterized by the exposure to biological agents, stress, physical loads, etc., causing physical health problems (including reproductive and newborn health), disorders of mental health and social well-being. The weakening of immunity towards the end of the working day was observed among employees of the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance services, maternity hospitals, as well as ambulances and burn centers. In general, the working conditions of the main professions of healthcare workers in the literature are assessed as harmful (classes 3.2-3.3) according to the criteria of Guidelines R 2.2.2006-05, and in an epidemic under conditions of increased loads, stress, the use of PPE and other, their working conditions can be assessed as very harmful and extreme (classes 3.4-4). The official statistics on the morbidity and mortality of healthcare workers is absent, although the media note their elevated rates. Among the preventive measures, vaccination, a regimen of work and rest, multivitamins, and others are recommended; workplaces ought to be organized as to avoid work nearby and opposite each other. It should be borne in mind that PPE, while protecting, can simultaneously create new risks (ILO, 2001). Strengthening the safety and health of healthcare workers in such emergencies is already recognized in Russia as a priority and provided with increased social protection.
Tugas Makalah volume tabung Rani patty
Authors: patty Rani
Published: February 2021

Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat untuk kita semua
Understanding citation patterns between impact-factor and blacklisted journals
Authors: Kulczycki Emanuel , Hołowiecki Marek , Taskin Zehra , Krawczyk Franciszek
Published: February 2021

One of the most fundamental issues in academia today is understanding the differences between legitimate and predatory publishing. While decision-makers and managers consider journals indexed in popular citation indexes such as Web of Science or Scopus as legitimate, they use two blacklists (Beall’s and Cabell’s), one of which has not been updated for a few years, to identify predatory journals. The main aim of our study is to reveal the contribution of the journals accepted as legitimate by the authorities to the visibility of blacklisted journals. For this purpose, 65 blacklisted journals in social sciences and 2,338 Web-of-Science-indexed journals that cited these blacklisted journals were examined in-depth in terms of index coverages, subject categories, impact factors and self-citation patterns. We have analysed 3,234 unique cited papers from blacklisted journals and 5,964 unique citing papers (6,750 citations of cited papers) from Web of Science journals. We found that 13% of the blacklisted papers were cited by WoS journals and 37% of the citations were from impact-factor journals. As a result, although the impact factor is used by decision-makers to determine the levels of the journals, it has been revealed that there is no significant relationship between the impact factor and the number of citations to blacklisted journals. On the other hand, country and author self-citation practices of the journals should be considered. All the findings of this study underline the importance of the second part of this study, which will examine the contents of citations to articles published in predatory journals because understanding the motivations of the authors who cited blacklisted journals is important to correctly understand the citation patterns between impact-factor and blacklisted journals.
Internet based language production research with overt articulation: Proof of concept, challenges, and practical advice
Authors: Vogt Anne , Hauber Roger Christoph , Kuhlen Anna K. , Abdel Rahman Rasha
Published: February 2021

Language production experiments with overt articulation have thus far only scarcely been conducted online, mostly due to technical difficulties related to measuring voice onset latencies. Especially the poor audiovisual synchrony in web experiments (Bridges et al., 2020) is a challenge to time-locking stimuli and participants’ spoken responses. We tested the viability of conducting language production experiments with overt articulation in online settings using the picture-word interference paradigm – a classic task in language production research. In three pre-registered experiments (N=48 each), participants named object pictures while ignoring visually superimposed distractor words. We implemented a custom voice recording option in two different web experiment builders and recorded naming responses in audio files. From these stimulus-locked audio files we extracted voice onset latencies offline. In a control task, participants classified the last letter of a picture name as a vowel or consonant via button-press, a task that shows comparable semantic interference effects. We expected slower responses when picture and distractor word were semantically related compared to unrelated, independently of task. This semantic interference effect is robust, but relatively small. It should therefore crucially depend on precise timing. We replicated this effect in an online setting, both for button-press and overt naming responses, providing a proof of concept that naming latency - a key dependent variable in language production research - can be reliably measured in online experiments. We discuss challenges for online language production research and suggestions how to overcome them. The scripts for the online implementation are made available.
When the numbers do not add up: the practical limits of stochastologicals for soft psychology
Authors: Broers Nick J.
Published: February 2021

One particular weakness of psychology that was left implicit by Meehl (1978) is the fact that psychological theories tend to be verbal theories, permitting at best ordinal predictions. Such predictions do not enable the high risk tests that would strengthen our belief in the verisimilitude of theories but instead lead to the practice of null hypothesis significance testing, a practice Meehl believed to be a major reason for the slow theoretical progress of soft psychology. The rising popularity of meta-analysis has led some to argue that we should move away from significance testing and focus on the size and stability of effects instead. Proponents of this reform assume that a greater emphasis on quantity can help psychology to develop a cumulative body of knowledge. The crucial question in this endeavor is whether the resulting numbers really have theoretical meaning. Psychological science lacks an undisputed, pre-existing domain of observations analogous to the observations in the space-time continuum in physics. It is argued that for this reason effect sizes do not really exist independently of the adopted research design that led to their manifestation. Consequently, they can have no bearing on the verisimilitude of a theory.
Investigating orthographic versus auditory cross-situational word learning with online and lab-based research
Authors: Escudero Paola , Smit Eline Adrianne , Angwin Anthony
Published: February 2021

In recent years, cross-situational word learning (CSWL) paradigms have shown that novel words can be learned through implicit statistical learning. So far, CSWL studies using adult populations have focused on the presentation of spoken words (auditory information), however, words can also be learned through their written form (orthographic information). This study compares auditory and orthographic presentation of novel words with different degrees of phonological overlap using the CSWL paradigm. Additionally, we also present a lab-based and online-based approach to testing behavioural experiments. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lab testing was prematurely terminated, and testing was continued online using a newly created online testing protocol. Analyses first compared accuracy and response times across modalities, with our findings showing better and faster recognition performance for CSWL when novel words are presented through their written (orthographic condition) than through their spoken forms (auditory condition). As well, Bayesian modelling found that accuracy for the auditory condition was higher online compared to the lab-based experiment, whereas performance in the orthography condition was high in both experiments and generally outperformed the auditory condition. We discuss the implications of our findings for modality of presentation, as well as the benefits of our online testing protocol and its implementation for future research.
The HEX-ACO-18: Developing an age-invariant HEXACO short scale using Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Olaru Gabriel , Jankowsky Kristin
Published: February 2021

In this study, we developed an age-invariant 18-item short form of the HEXACO Personality Inventory for use in developmental personality research. We employed a combination of the item selection procedure ant colony optimization (ACO) and the model estimation approach local structural equation modeling (LSEM). ACO is a metaheuristic algorithm that selects and evaluates items based on the quality of the resulting short scale, thus allowing for the direct optimization of criteria that can only be estimated based on combinations of items, such as model fit and measurement invariance across age. LSEM allows for model estimation and measurement invariance testing across a continuous age variable by weighting participants based on their age, rather than splitting the sample into artificial age groups. Using a HEXACO-100 dataset of N = 6,419 participants ranging from 16 to 90 years of age, we selected a short form optimized for model fit, measurement invariance, facet coverage, and balance of item keying. The resulting HEX ACO 18 short scale showed adequate model fit, scalar measurement invariance across age, and covered three out of four facets from each HEXACO trait domain. Furthermore, the usefulness and versatility of the item and person sampling procedures ACO and LSEM is demonstrated.
Asian=Machine, Black=Animal? The Racial Asymmetry of Dehumanization
Authors: Bai Hui , Zhao Xian
Published: February 2021

While research on racism and dehumanization is extensive, complexities in stigmatization experienced by different racial groups are often understudied. Twelve studies using a wide array of methods (experimental, archival, and computational) and data sources (online samples, word embeddings, and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data) spotlight a racial asymmetry in dehumanization: whereas Black people are more often subjected to animalistic dehumanization, Asian people are predominantly subjected to mechanistic dehumanization. We demonstrate this asymmetry from the vantage point of victims (Studies 1a and 1b) and perpetrators (Studies 2a-2d). We further document the prevalence of this asymmetry across diverse domains, from everyday language (Study 3) to perceptions in the realms of romantic attraction (Study 4a), crime rates (Study 4b), and business skills (Study 4c). Finally, we demonstrate the asymmetry’s real-world consequences in labor market segregation (Studies 5 and 6). Our findings shed light on the distinct experiences of racism encountered by different racial groups, and more critically, introduce a unifying framework that integrates scattered empirical observations on societal perceptions of Asian people.
Bringing Occupations Back In: Maternal Occupation-Specific Skills and Children’s Language and Cognitive Development
Authors: Barg Katherin , Klein Markus
Published: February 2021

This study investigates associations between maternal occupation-specific skills and 5-year-old children’s cognitive ability. Scholarship on family SES and children’s cognitive development did not fully capture the dimension of parental human capital. Following the literature on job conditions and personality development, the article suggests that maternal occupation-specific skills are another human capital dimension influencing children’s cognitive development over and above parents’ other human, economic, and social resources. Representative data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study on 13,543 children born in 2000-02 were complemented with occupation-level data (n = 79) from the British Skills Surveys on aggregate measures of the importance of job tasks. Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to analyze whether maternal occupation-specific skills (literacy, numeracy, problem-solving, verbal and physical) are uniquely associated with children’s inductive reasoning, spatial awareness, and verbal ability at age five net of other parental resources. Mothers’ verbal skills (e.g., presentation and teaching skills) were positively associated with children’s verbal abilities over and above other parental resources. Mothers’ physical skills (e.g., use of physical strength) were negatively associated with children’s verbal abilities net of other parental resources. None of the maternal occupation-specific skills were associated with children’s non-verbal ability (inductive reasoning, spatial awareness). Maternal occupation-specific skills contribute to social stratification in children’s verbal development net of human, financial and social capital.
Patient-made Long Covid changed COVID-19 (and the production of science, too)
Authors: Perego Elisa , Callard Felicity
Published: February 2021

Background: Significant knowledge about long-term symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection has been produced by patients, which made Long Covid. Objective: To document and analyse such knowledge, outline how it changed understanding of COVID-19, and specify ethical and socio-political challenges associated with its development.Methods: Analysis of publicly available materials on Long Covid by people with Long Covid, largely in English and Italian, and across media and genre. Results: Those with Long Covid have made epistemic contributions across multiple media, including: oral, written and visual narratives, testimonies and arguments; quantitative and qualitative research; grey literature, essays, opinion pieces and commentaries; and advocacy and policy interventions. Discussion: Patient knowledge contributed to shifting assumptions concerning COVID-19 symptoms and disease pathways; phasing and duration; classification and naming of illness; disease morbidity; and who is affected. Patients’ use of a wide range of media challenged the conventional scientific production of epistemic claims. Many ethical and political challenges lie ahead, including exploitation of patients, their knowledge, and their data.Conclusions: Long Covid patient activism and research have been instrumental to key epistemic shifts that have changed understandings of COVID-19. They have also changed – possibly permanently – how science and medical knowledge are produced. Patient expertise must be routinely integrated into medicine beyond the current pandemic. We also need to ensure the ethical use of patient-led expertise and patient-produced data in Long Covid. Patient contribution: Both authors are patients and researchers with Long Covid, who have contributed to making ‘Long Covid', and to advocacy around its definition and recognition.
Designing waste management systems to meet circular economy goals: The Italian case
Authors: Di Foggia Giacomo , Beccarello Massimo
Published: February 2021

Waste management capacity plays a prominent role in complying with circular economy goals, such as reducing municipal waste disposal by landfilling to 10%. We first analyze the imbalance in municipal solid waste management across Italy by estimating the quantities of waste to be treated using technologies different from those currently in use. Subsequently, we estimate the impact that a system compliant with circular economy goals would have on the cost of waste management. Our empirical analyses are based on an econometric method. The results suggest that Italy could reduce the use of landfill by 11.5%, resulting in a 13% reduction in mechanical-biological treatment. The waste-to-energy capacity would rise by 4.6% compared to the current situation, while the organic fraction treatment capacity would increase by 8.3%. Besides the positive impact on the environment, the potential annual savings on the cost of waste management could reach 0.07%, or 0.27% when the phase corresponding to treatment and disposal is considered. We provide insights into the design of more efficient national waste management plans using a novel approach based on best performers.
Jual Obat Aborsi Bandung 081333960089 - Tempat Klinik Aborsi Ampuh - Obat Penggugur Kandungan
Authors: merpati
Published: February 2021

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'ओक्कल दोक्कल पिपलपात' कवितासङ्ग्रहमा प्रतीकविधान
Authors: खनाल राजेन्द्र
Published: February 2021

‘ओक्कल दोक्कल पिपलपात’ कवितासङ्ग्रहमा उपयोग गरिएका प्रतीक पहिचान गरी तिनको विश्लेषण गर्नु यस लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो । प्रस्तुत लेख वर्णनात्मक विधिमा आधारित छ । पुस्तकालीय अध्ययन प्रक्रियाबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी कतिमा प्रयुक्त प्रतीकको पहिचान एवम् विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रतीकका विविध पक्षमध्ये प्राणीजन्य, स्थानजन्य, वस्तुजन्य तथा परिवेशजन्य प्रतीक पहिचान गरी सोहीअनुसार विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । कवितासङ्ग्रहमा रहेका समग्र प्रतीकमध्ये ९५ ओटा प्रतीक पहिचान गरिएको छ । सङ्कलित प्रतीकमध्ये २५ ओटा प्राणीजन्य, १२ ओटा स्थानजन्य, ३४ ओटा वस्तुजन्य तथा २४ ओटा परिवेशजन्य प्रतीकका रूपमा निरूपण गरिएको छ । सबैभन्दा बढी वस्तुजन्य प्रतीक उपयोगमा आएकाले स्रस्टा उक्त प्रतीकमा विशेष केन्द्रित रहेको देखिन्छ । स्वतन्त्र शब्द मात्र पनि प्रतीक हुने भए पनि यस कवितासङ्ग्रहमा पदावलीकै रूपमा मात्र प्रतीकको प्रयोग भएको देखिन्छ । समस्या तथा चुनौती प्रस्तुत गर्नका लागि स्थानजन्य प्रतीकको बढी उपयोग गरिएको छ भने विसङ्गति तथा अन्याय एवम् गतिहीनता प्रस्तुत गर्न वस्तुजन्य प्रतीकको अधिक प्रयोग गरिएको छ । त्यस्तै, स्वतन्त्रता, काल्पनिकता तथा खुसी प्रस्तुत गर्नका निम्ति परिवेशजन्य प्रतीकको उपयोग गरिएको छ । सुख तथा दुःखका सन्दर्भहरूमा प्राणीजन्य प्रतीकको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । कवितासङ्ग्रहमा रहेका विभिन्न प्रतीकमध्ये अधिकांश पर्यावरणसँग सम्बद्ध छन् । प्रतीक चयनको स्रोत मूलतः पर्यावरण भएको निष्कर्ष यस अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त भएको छ । तसर्थ विश्लेषित कृतिमा प्रयुक्त प्रतीकका माध्यमबाट पर्यावरणीय सन्दर्भ र साहित्यबिच अभेद्य सम्बन्ध रहेको समेत प्रस्ट हुन्छ ।
शिक्षकको पेसागत विकासको अवधारणा र यसका सम्बद्ध पक्ष
Authors: तिमल्सेना शिव प्रसाद
Published: February 2021

शिक्षकको पेसागत विकास भनेको शिक्षकलाई पेसाप्रति कर्तव्यनिष्ठ, अद्यावधिक र कार्यकुशल बनाउने प्रव्रिmया हो । शिक्षण सिकाइको सम्पूर्ण नेतृत्व शिक्षककै हातमा रहेको हुन्छ । शिक्षककै पूर्वतयारी र सक्षमताले शिक्षण सिकाइका कार्यहरू प्रभावकारी र परिणाममुखी हुन सक्छन् । पेसागत रूपमा सिर्जनशील, दक्ष, उत्प्रेरित र समसामयिक परिवर्तनसँग परिचित शिक्षकले सिकारुलाई मात्र होइन, विद्यालय, समाज, समुदाय र राष्ट्रलाई नै मार्गदर्शन गर्न सक्छ । तसर्थ सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक र शैक्षिक परिवर्तनको नेतृत्व गर्ने शिक्षकको पेसागत विकास हुनु अत्यावश्यक छ । तर वर्तमान सन्दर्भमा शिक्षकका पेसागत विकास कार्य सन्तोषजनक रूपमा भएका छैनन् नै, यसको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणाका बारेमा पनि अस्पष्टताहरू रहेका देखिन्छन् । यसै सन्दर्भमा शिक्षकको पेसागत विकासको अवधारणा र यसका सम्बद्ध पक्ष शीर्षकको लेख तयार गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक ढाँचामा संरचित गरिएको यस लेखमा पुस्तकालय पद्धतिबाट तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरी शिक्षकको पेसागत विकाससँग सम्बन्धित सैद्धान्तिक पक्षको चर्चा, त्यसको आवश्यकता, उपादेयता, तालिमसँगको सम्बन्ध, पेसागत विकासका विविध पक्ष तथा तिनको कार्यान्वयन र मूल्याङ्कनका उपायहरूलाई प्रस्ट्याउँदै निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ ।
FIRST SEMINAR ‘DYNASTIES AND SUCCESSION TO THE THRONE IN ANCIENT CHINA’. SERIES “COLLOQUIUM STANISLAVI. TERMINOLOGY DESCRIBING POWER AND KINSHIP IN ANCIENT CHINA”
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Kuznetsova-Fetisova Marina E.
Published: February 2021

In a number of issues and problems in contemporary Sinology opinions of experts still differ sharply; this also extends to the ancient history of China. A series of seminars “‘Colloquium Stanislavi’. Terminology Describing Power and Kinship in Ancient China” held in the Chinese Department of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, is envisioned as a platform for discussions on the most pressing issues, exchanging of views, and development of new terminology. The first seminar on the topic “Dynasties and Succession to the Throne in Ancient China” was held on November 18, 2020, with over 35 researchers taking part in the seminar. Traditionally, 24 dynastic histories are distinguished in the history of China; “dynastic history” being the name of the traditional historical sources describing the rule of a particular house; later the very historical periods were called accordingly. But these traditional denominations, for example, the Shang or Ming dynasty, did not coincide with the surname of the clan that ruled at that time. The discussion clearly revealed two main problems: Firstly, the lack of an adequate term to describe the phenomenon of Chinese history, which is now called “24 Dynastic Stories” and, secondly, the need to determine terminology conveying such major Chinese concepts like dai (代) and chao (朝).
IV INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC CONFERENCE ‘CONNECTIONS OF THE CRIMEA WITH THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND THE COUNTRIES OF THE EAST’
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Lebedinski Victor V. , Pronina Julia A. ,   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW)
Published: February 2021

The article covers the proceedings of the IV International Academic Conference ‘Historical, Cultural, Interethnic, Religious and Political Relations of the Crimea with the Mediterranean Region and the Countries of the East’, which was held on October 6–10, 2020 in Sevastopol on the basis of the Sevastopol State University and the State Historical and Archeological Museum-Reserve ‘Chersonesos Taurica’. Talks on given problems were distributed through several areas of research — marine archeology, data from written sources, history, international affairs, historiography and cartography, archeology, numismatics, and others. Particular attention was paid to the interdisciplinary and complex research.
The Relationship Between Ostracism and Turnover Intention: Role of Commitment as a Mediator
Authors: Ali Nazim , Ali Zahid , Khan Adnan
Published: February 2021

The basic objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of OC between WO and TI among the teaching faculty of universities of KP, Pakistan. Data were collected via questionnaires from 207 teachers. SPSS and Amos were used to analyze the data. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between WO and turnover intention, while a significant negative relationship between WO and OC and between OC and TI was confirmed. The results also revealed a significant partial mediation of OC between WO and turnover intention.
Addressing the Affordable Housing Challenges for Urban Poor in Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Zafar Iqbal , Waheed Abdul , Javaid Beenish
Published: February 2021

The rapid growth of urbanization has resulted in tremendous pressure on housing in urban areas, particularly for middle- and lower-income groups. The formal sector has been unable to cater to the affordable housing demand, particularly for urban poor. Islamabad is the planned city and capital of Pakistan; its development started in 1960. A number of squatter settlements have emerged in this planned city which are increasing with the passage of time. The government of Pakistan, realizing the gravity of the problem, started various programs and approached at different times to address this issue. This paper discusses various international and national approaches in this context. Squatter settlements in Islamabad have been visited, and field data were collected through a survey from France Colony Sector F-7/4, Islamabad and recommendations have been suggested in the light of international practices.
Multiliteracies and Multilingual Literacies of Young Children: A Study of Linguistic and Social Identities
Authors: Javed Ambreen , Rasul Sarwet
Published: February 2021

Pakistan is a multilingual community where individuals communicate in more than one language for everyday communication. Literacy practices of young children in schools reflect the literacy practices of the broader social community. Same is the case with the use of literacy practices at homes. The data is collected by answering questions in questionnaires that are answered by the parents. The collected data is from three different social strata of society. The current study analyzes the literacy practices of young children at homes and the way they are associated with the broader social and cultural context. This includes the linguistic and literacy practices of young children during their playtime, their interaction with the members of the family and their exposure to the media and technology. These multilingual literacy practices that are practised at the homes constitute the social and linguistic identity of the individuals in the long run.
KECAKAPAN SISWA BERMATEMATIKA MELALUI PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ABAD 21
Authors: Gatot Hartadi
Published: February 2021

Mathematics is one of the subjects that is unique in terms of problem solving. This is based on solving problems related to mathematics can be passed in various ways. This requires a spirit of creativity so that students can develop themselves into creative and innovative people in solving problems. In the learning process, teachers can use innovative learning approaches, strategies, models, or methods in the form of problem-based learning, one of the learning that reflects 21st century learning is PBL4C, is one of the innovative learning models that can provide learning conditions independently to students by directing students to work together (mutual cooperation) to solve a problem and of course the end result of this learning students are able to represent a work related to various problems in Mathematics. The application of PBL4C instructional activities is based on learning strategies involving semantic reasoning, case-based reasoning, analogical reasoning, causal reasoning, and inquiry reasoning. There are five phases of the implementation of problem-based learning, namely (1) orienting students to problems, (2) organizing students to learn, (3) guiding individual or group investigations, (4) developing and presenting work and (5) analyzing and evaluating processes solution the problem.
IMPLEMENTASI LESSON STUDY PADA MATA KULIAH ANALISIS REAL PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Ekawati Darma , Jumarniati Jumarniati
Published: February 2021

This research is a descriptive study that aims to learn about the activities and abilities of students in learning real analysis. Subject in this study were students on semester VI of academic year  2016/2017. This research implement cooperative learning model through lesson study in real analysis subject that held in March and April 2017. Data was collected by planning, implementation, and reflection (see).  This research was conducted to observe the increase in the activities and abilities of students in each cycle. The general-stage of this research is: (a) formulates student abilities, (b) observes research subjects, (c) performs data collection, (d) performs data analysis in each cycle, (e) performs discussion of analysis results, (f)  performs the conclusions. Results of the study are (1) the activities of students using cooperative learning models through lesson study in the real analysis subjects are increasing; (2) the ability of students to solve real analysis problems are improved; (3) lecturer and student need to create good circumstances to motivate student; (4) Lecturer get suggestion from colleagues to improve the quality of learning.

 

Keywords: Cooperative learning model, Lesson study, Activity, Analysis Real.