bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of bonding strength between lead wires and ceramic matrix of metal ceramic heater
Authors: Zhu Feng , Liu Huachen , Yan Baijun , Deng Tengfei
Published: June 2019

In recent years, metal ceramic heaters (MCHs) have become widely used in daily life and industrial applications. This paper introduces a method for producing an MCH with high bonding strength of the bonding wires by adding oxide additives (Al2O3, SiO2, and MgO) to a metal slurry. Pilot experiments were carried out at 1600°C under a protective atmosphere. The results indicate that the temperature coefficient of resistance of the samples decreases whereas the bonding strength vastly increases, and the pulling forces of the bonding wires in the samples extends from 2 to 32 N. The pulling forces are progressively increased as the content of the spinel phase in the oxide additives increases. The mechanism of enhancement of the bonding strength is discussed herein. The microstructure characterization, element mapping, and element analysis of different samples were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that the formation of a W‐Si solid solution in the sample is the main reason for the decrease in temperature coefficient of resistance. The interface between the metal and spinel layers forms a zigzag and interlocked shape, which significantly improves the bonding strength between the lead wires and the ceramic matrix of the MCH.
Novel SiC synthesis method applicable to SiC solid phase sintering
Authors: Usukawa Ryutaro , Ishikawa Toshihiro
Published: June 2019

Most of the present production processes of SiC sintered bodies require some powder mixing using a mechanical milling process (ball milling, and so on). In this case, relatively long hours are required, and there is the problem of contamination during the preparation process. To avoid these problems, we developed a new process for obtaining a self‐sinterable, stoichiometric SiC powder, whose precursor material is water‐soluble; the precursor material was synthesized from aqueous silica and citric acid containing a small amount of aluminum compound. In order to obtain the stoichiometric SiC composition, the above aqueous precursor material was adequately cured in air (200°C‐400°C); subsequently carbonization reaction (~800°C) in nitrogen atmosphere, carbothermal reduction (~1600°C) in argon atmosphere, and pressureless sintering (~1900°C) were performed. Among these processes, the curing process (cross‐linking process) is very important for obtaining the equivalent composition (silica and carbon) for the subsequent carbothermal reduction. In this study, the adequate curing temperature and suitable preparation condition for the carbothermal reduction were investigated for the production of stoichiometric self‐sinterable SiC powder. The pressureless sintered body achieved using the obtained SiC powder demonstrated a desirable trans‐crystalline fracture behavior.
Chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40): novel biomarker of lichen planus
Authors: Khattab Fathia M. , Said Nora M.
Published: June 2019

Background

Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory skin disorder of unknown etiology. Chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40) is a multifunctional proinflammatory protein, which has an important role not only in immunity and inflammation, but also in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Aim of the work

The present study was designed to investigate the serum level of YKL‐40 in patients with different clinical presentations of LP in comparison to healthy participants in order to study its possible role in the pathogenesis of LP.

Patients and methods

A total of 60 consecutive subjects were enrolled in this prospective case‐control study including 30 patients with different clinical variants of LP (16 male and 14 female patients) in addition to 30 healthy controls matched for age and gender. The serum level of serum YKL‐40 was evaluated by means of ELISA method in both patients and controls.

Results

The serum YKL‐40 level was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients than in controls. Also, significantly higher levels were found in patients with oral type than in patients with cutaneous type who do not have oral lesions (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of serum YKL‐40 were 62.5 and 81.8%, respectively, (cut off value of 151 pg/ml) for the diagnosis of oral lesions in LP.

Conclusion

The findings in our study support the role of YKL‐40 in the pathogenic process of LP and may help in treatment of lichen planus.
Natural course of acquired pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation—Is routine follow‐up imaging indicated or not?
Authors: Schoene Katharina , Sepehri Shamloo Alireza , Sommer Philipp , Jahnke Cosima , Paetsch Ingo , Hindricks Gerhard , Arya Arash
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Thermal injury during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) can lead to pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS). The aim of the present study was to analyze the natural course of RFA‐induced PVS with regard to the grade of stenosis, clinical symptoms, and mortality during long‐term follow‐up.

Methods and Results

All patients with follow‐up imaging for radiofrequency‐induced untreated PVS were retrospectively assessed. From 2004 to 2017, the total rate of PVS following AF ablation in our center was 0.78% (87 of 11 103). Thirty‐eight patients with a total of 54 untreated PVS underwent follow‐up including imaging scan. The mean degree of stenosis at the time of diagnosis was 57% ± 27% vs 45% ± 35% (P = .05) after a mean follow‐up of 43 ± 31 months. There was a shift in severity of the PVS: 18 of 54 (33%) vs 16 of 54 (30%) severe PVS, 19 of 54 (35%) vs 10 of 54 (18%) moderate PVS, and 17 of 54 (32%) vs 28 of 54 (52%) mild PVS (P = .0001). The mean symptom score decreased significantly during follow‐up (1.8 ± 1.0 vs 0.4 ± 0.5, P = .0001). Each of the four patients with progression of PVS underwent another pulmonary vein isolation for AF recurrence following pulmonary vein reconduction during follow‐up period.

Conclusion

This study showed a spontaneous reduction in stenosis grade and symptoms of PVS over a 3.5‐year follow‐up. Consequently, routine follow‐up imaging of PVS seems not to be necessary. However, additional RF energy delivery to stenotic pulmonary veins should be avoided if possible. In case of conduction recovery, the ablation line should be done wide‐antrally and follow‐up imaging of PVS is recommended.
Association of A‐197G polymorphism in interleukin‐17 gene with chronic periodontitis: Evidence from six case‐control studies with a computational biology approach
Authors: Farmohammadi Amir , Tavangar Atefeh , Ehteram Mohammad , Karimian Mohammad
Published: June 2019

Aim

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) A‐197G gene polymorphism with chronic periodontitis (CP) in a case‐control study, a meta‐analysis, and an in silico approach.

Methods

In the case‐control study, 122 cases with CP and 126 healthy controls were recruited; IL‐17 A‐197G genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. In the meta‐analysis, comprehensive literature retrieval was performed on valid databases to identify relevant studies. Bioinformatics tools were employed to investigate the effects of A‐197G transition on the promoter region of IL‐17.

Results

Our case‐control study revealed a significant association between IL‐17 A‐197G transition and CP. The overall meta‐analysis revealed significant associations between the IL‐17 A‐197G polymorphism and CP risk in homozygote co‐dominant and recessive models. The stratified analysis also showed a statistically significant association between the mentioned transition and CP risk in the Caucasian population. The in silico analysis revealed that the A‐197G polymorphism could make changes in protein‐binding sites of the IL‐17 promoter region.

Conclusions

Our study supports that IL‐17 A‐197G transition could be a genetic risk factor for CP. However, further studies with a larger sample size among different ethnicities are required to obtain a more accurate conclusion.
A Transaction Cost Perspective of Alliance Portfolio Diversity
Authors: Penney Christopher R. , Combs James G.
Published: June 2019

Alliance portfolio diversity (APD) helps firms access diverse capabilities and knowledge. APD can also increase transaction costs, but it is unknown whether and how transaction cost theory’s (TCT’s) insights about hierarchical integration operate at the portfolio level. We adapt TCT to the portfolio level to suggest that the transaction costs from APD encourage integration into alliance partners’ industries, and we introduce the concept of shared‐specific investments to pinpoint one source of transaction costs within portfolios and predict which industries will be integrated. Using data from 1996–2013 on S&P 500 firms, we find evidence in support of our theorising. Juxtaposing results with other theoretical perspectives suggests that TCT offers complementary insights about which activities to perform in the firm versus the alliance portfolio.
Transformational Strategies and Productivity Growth: A Transformational‐Activities Perspective on Stagnation in the New‐Normal Business Landscape
Authors: Clougherty Joseph A. , Duso Tomaso , Seldeslachts Jo , Ciari Lorenzo
Published: June 2019

Declines in productivity growth substantially explain new‐normal business stagnation; yet in order to address situations of slack productivity growth, firms can choose from six generic transformational strategies: retirement, renewal, retrenchment, replication, redeployment, and recombination. While the extant literature focuses on specific transformational strategies that particular firms, or industries, take in responding to productivity threats, questions regarding which transformational strategies are commonly employed and commonly successful have been neglected. Answering these broader questions allows factoring how firms might respond to new‐normal conditions; and yields normative implications regarding the transformational strategies – and policies – that enhance productivity growth and reverse new‐normal stagnation. Using cross‐industry panel data, we identify the transformational strategies that are both commonly employed and commonly successful. Our empirical results indicate that firms react to productivity threats via a variety of strategic responses; yet, engaging in renewal and recombination uniquely address such threats.
Evolutionary patterns of major urinary protein scent signals in house mice and relatives
Authors: Sheehan Michael J. , Campbell Polly , Miller Caitlin H.
Published: June 2019

Scent marks are important mediators of territorial behaviour and sexual selection, especially among mammals. The evolution of compounds used in scent marks has the potential to inform our understanding of signal evolution in relation to social and sexual selection. A major challenge in studies of chemical communication is that the link between semiochemical compounds and genetic changes is often unclear. The major urinary proteins (MUPs) of house mice provide information on sex, status and individual identity. Importantly, MUPs are a direct protein product of genes, providing a clear link between genotype and phenotype. Here, we examine the evolution of urinary protein signals among house mice and relatives by examining the sequences and patterns of mRNA expression of Mup genes related to urinary scent marks. MUP patterns have evolved among mouse species both by gene duplication and variation in expression. Notably, protein scent signals that are male specific in well‐studied inbred laboratory strains vary in sex‐specificity among species. Our data reveal that individual identity signals in MUPs evolved prior to 0.35 million years ago and have rapidly diversified through recombining a modest number of amino acid variants. Amino acid variants are much more common on the exterior of the protein where they could interact with vomeronasal receptors, suggesting that chemosensory perception may have played a major role in shaping MUP diversity. These data highlight diverse processes and pressures shaping scent signals, and suggest new avenues for using wild mice to probe the evolution of signals and signal processing.
The Arabidopsis anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome subunit 8 is required for male meiosis
Authors: Xu Rong‐Yan , Xu Jing , Wang Liudan , Niu Baixiao , Copenhaver Gregory P. , Ma Hong , Zheng Binglian , Wang Yingxiang
Published: June 2019

Faithful chromosome segregation is required for both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions and is regulated by multiple mechanisms including the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which is the largest known E3 ubiquitin‐ligase complex and has been implicated in regulating chromosome segregation in both mitosis and meiosis in animals. However, the role of the APC/C during plant meiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis APC8 is required for male meiosis.

We used a combination of genetic analyses, cytology and immunolocalisation to define the function of AtAPC8 in male meiosis.

Meiocytes from apc8‐1 plants exhibit several meiotic defects including improper alignment of bivalents at metaphase I, unequal chromosome segregation during anaphase II, and subsequent formation of polyads. Immunolocalisation using an antitubulin antibody showed that APC8 is required for normal spindle morphology. We also observed mitotic defects in apc8‐1, including abnormal sister chromatid segregation and microtubule morphology.

Our results demonstrate that Arabidopsis APC/C is required for meiotic chromosome segregation and that APC/C‐mediated regulation of meiotic chromosome segregation is a conserved mechanism among eukaryotes.
Subsets of NLR genes show differential signatures of adaptation during colonization of new habitats
Authors: Stam Remco , Silva‐Arias Gustavo A. , Tellier Aurelien
Published: June 2019

Nucleotide binding site, leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are canonical resistance (R) genes in plants, fungi and animals, functioning as central (helper) and peripheral (sensor) genes in a signalling network. We investigateNLRevolution during the colonization of novel habitats in a model tomato species,Solanum chilense.

We usedR‐gene enrichment sequencing to obtain polymorphism data atNLRs of 140 plants sampled across 14 populations covering the whole species range. We inferred the past demographic history of habitat colonization by resequencing whole genomes from threeS. chilenseplants from three key populations and performing approximate Bayesian computation using data from the 14 populations.

Using these parameters, we simulated the genetic differentiation statistics distribution expected under neutralNLRevolution and identified small subsets of outlierNLRs exhibiting signatures of selection across populations.

NLRs under selection between habitats are more often helper genes, whereas those showing signatures of adaptation in single populations are more often sensor‐NLRs. Thus, centrality in theNLRnetwork does not constrainNLRevolvability, and new mutations in central genes in the network are key forR‐gene adaptation during colonization of different habitats.
Differential immune response to Eimeria maxima infection in fast‐ and slow‐growing broiler genotypes
Authors: Giles Tim , Sakkas Panagiotis , Belkhiri Aouatif , Barrow Paul , Kyriazakis Ilias , Foster Neil
Published: June 2019

Very little has been reported comparing resistance to coccidiosis in fast or slow growing broilers, the latter of which are becoming more prevalent in the broiler industry. We examined mRNA expression in the intestines of fast and slow growing broilers following Eimeria infection. We show that by day 13 post‐infection (d pi) with 2500 or 7000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima, slower‐growing (Ranger Classic) broilers significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated expression of proinflammatory cyclooxygenase genes (LTB4DH, PTSG1 and PTSG2) above that detected in fast growing (Ross 308) broilers. Expression of CD8α mRNA was downregulated in Ross 308 at day 6d pi with either 2500 or 7000 oocysts of E maxima (P < 0.05), compared to uninfected controls, but was not differentially expressed in Ranger Classic. CD4 genes were not differentially expressed in either chicken line infected with either infectious oocyst dose at d6 pi, compared to uninfected controls. However, at d13 pi, CD4 expression was significantly upregulated in both chicken lines infected with either infectious oocyst dose, compared to uninfected controls (P < 0.05) but this was significantly greater in Ranger Classic broilers compared to Ross 308 (P < 0.05). At d13 pi, expression of CD3 chains (required for T lymphocyte activation) was significantly increased in Ranger Classic compared to Ross 308, infected with either oocyst dose (P < 0.05‐0.01). Expression of IL‐2 and IL‐15 mRNA, required for T lymphocyte proliferation was also significantly upregulated, or maintained longer, in Ranger Classic broilers compared to Ross 308. These differences in immune response to E maxima corresponded with a reduction in E maxima genome detected in the intestines of Ranger Classic compared to Ross 308.
Observation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in a Year 3 Primary School in Johor Bahru
Authors: Mohd Muhridza Nur Hazwani , A/P V. Prapagara Linda , Satanihpy@Saidalvi Aminabibi
Published: June 2019

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has a long history in an English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom. It is an approach which focuses on developing learners’ communicative skills in a meaningful context. However, the application of communicative language teaching (CLT) in an English language classroom has recently been debated extensively. Teachers still find it difficult and challenging to adopt CLT effectively in the classroom. This paper aims to report the application of CLT in a Year 3 English language classroom during a 90-minute lesson. Specifically, the study intended to observe and describe whether or not the teacher focused on CLT in terms of lesson development and implementation. Data was collected using an observation checklist and field notes in accordance with the objective of the study. The collected data was analysed using content analysis and validated by interrater reliability. The findings have indicated strengths and weaknesses in the lesson conducted. This can be seen in certain features of the observation towards CLT such as pair or group work activities, fluency of the language, error correction implemented by the teacher and the role of the teacher. It can be concluded that CLT approach should be given importance in the classroom by teachers in the learning process.
Students and Corporate Social Media: Do College Students Care about Social Media Usernames?
Authors: Hooker Charles
Published: June 2019

Young adults were the first adopters of social media and are still the prominent age group that uses social networking. Businesses have started to capitalize on this by creating a presence on many platforms, including Instagram and Twitter. As college students interact with these businesses on social media, how does the business’s social media username affect how college students perceive the business? Prior research from social media marketing articles, like Zarrello (2018), has inferred that the shorter, more attractive usernames are perceived as more professional for companies. A sample of college students were asked to rate the professionalism of a hypothetical company based on various usernames. Respondents preferred usernames containing the company’s name with no numbers or symbols, but not necessarily the shortest username.
Temporomandibular Joint Bioengineering Conference: Working Together Toward Improving Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Almarza Alejandro J. , Mercuri Louis G. , Arzi Boaz , Gallo Luigi M. , Granquist Eric , Kapila Sunil , Detamore Michael S.
Published: June 2019

The sixth temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Bioengineering Conference (TMJBC) was held on June 14–15 2018, in Redondo Beach, California, 12 years after the first TMJBC. Speakers gave 30 presentations and came from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia. The goal of the conference has remained to foster a continuing forum for bioengineers, scientists, and surgeons and veterinarians to advance technology related to TMJ disorders. These collective multidisciplinary interactions over the past decade have made large strides in moving the field of TMJ research forward. Over the past 12 years, in vivo approaches for tissue engineering have emerged, along with a wide variety of degeneration models, as well as with models occurring in nature. Furthermore, biomechanical tools have become more sensitive and new biologic interventions for disease are being developed. Clinical directives have evolved for specific diagnoses, along with patient-specific biological and immunological responses to TMJ replacement devices alloplastic and/or bioengineered devices. The sixth TMJBC heralded many opportunities for funding agencies to advance the field: (1) initiatives on TMJ that go beyond pain research, (2) more training grants focused on graduate students and fellows, (3) partnership funding with government agencies to translate TMJ solutions, and (4) the recruitment of a critical mass of TMJ experts to participate on grant review panels. The TMJ research community continues to grow and has become a pillar of dental and craniofacial research, and together we share the unified vision to ultimately improve diagnoses and treatment outcomes in patients affected by TMJ disorders.
Fracture Mechanism and Fracture Toughness at the Interface Between Cortical and Cancellous Bone
Authors: Shitole Pankaj , Gupta Arpan , Ghosh Rajesh
Published: June 2019

The microstructure at the interface of cortical and cancellous bone is quite complicated. The fracture mechanisms at this location are necessary for understanding the comprehensive fracture of the whole bone. The goal of this study is to identify fracture toughness in terms of J integral and fracture mechanism at the interface between cortical and cancellous bone. For this purpose, single edge notch bend (SENB) specimens were prepared from bovine proximal femur according to ASTM-E399 standard. Bone samples were prepared such that half of the sample width consists of cortical bone and other half of the width was cancellous bone; this interfacial bone is referred as a corticellous bone. Elastic–plastic fracture mechanics was used to measure fracture toughness. The J integral (both elastic and plastic) was used to quantify the fracture toughness. The plastic part of J integral value (Jpl) of corticellous specimen was 9310 J m−2, and shown to be 27 times of the J integral of the elastic part (Jel), 341 J m−2. The total J integral of the corticellous bone was found to be 9651 J m−2, which is close to two times of the cortical bone, 4731 J m−2. This study observed that J integral of corticellous bone is higher than the cortical bone since more energy is required for plastic deformation of corticellous bone due to crack branches and slowdown at the interface between cortical and cancellous bone.
Using Contrast Motion to Generate Patient-Specific Blood Flow Simulations During Invasive Coronary Angiography
Authors: Zhuk Sergiy , Smith Olivia , Thondapu Vikas , Halupka Kerry , Moore Stephen
Published: June 2019

Virtual fractional flow reserve (vFFR) is an emerging technology employing patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to infer the hemodynamic significance of a coronary stenosis. Patient-specific boundary conditions are an important aspect of this approach and while most efforts make use of lumped parameter models to capture key phenomena, they lack the ability to specify the associated parameters on a patient-specific basis. When applying vFFR in a catheter laboratory setting using X-ray angiograms as the basis for creating the simulations, there is some indirect functional information available through the observation of the radio-opaque contrast agent motion. In this work, we present a novel method for tuning the lumped parameter arterial resistances (commonly incorporated in such simulations), based on simulating the physics of the contrast motion and comparing the observed and simulated arrival times of the contrast front at key points within a coronary tree. We present proof of principle results on a synthetically generated coronary tree comprised of multiple segments, demonstrating that the method can successfully optimize the arterial resistances to reconstruct the underlying velocity and pressure fields, providing a potential new means to improve the patient specificity of simulation-based technologies in this area.
Repeated Isolation of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Positive
Escherichia coli
Sequence Types 648 and 131 from Community Wastewater Indicates that Sewage Systems Are Important Sources of Emerging Clones of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Paulshus Erik , Thorell Kaisa , Guzman-Otazo Jessica , Joffre Enrique , Colque Patricia , Kühn Inger , Möllby Roland , Sørum Henning , Sjöling Åsa
Published: June 2019

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an emerging problem globally. Resistant bacteria are found in human and animal microbiota, as well as in the environment. Wastewater receives bacteria from all these sources and thus can provide a measurement of abundance and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria circulating in communities. In this study, water samples were collected from a wastewater pump station in a Norwegian suburban community over a period of 15 months.
A Lot on Your Plate? Well-to-Well Contamination as an Additional Confounder in Microbiome Sequence Analyses
Authors: Walker Alan W.
Published: June 2019

DNA sequence-based microbiome studies can be impacted by a range of different methodological artefacts. Contamination originating from laboratory kits and reagents can lead to erroneous results, particularly in samples containing a low microbial biomass.
Controlled ecological evaluation of an implemented exercise-training programme to prevent lower limb injuries in sport: population-level trends in hospital-treated injuries
Authors: Finch Caroline F , Gray Shannon E , Akram Muhammad , Donaldson Alex , Lloyd David G , Cook Jill L
Published: June 2019

Objective

Exercise-training programmes have reduced lower limb injuries in trials, but their population-level effectiveness has not been reported in implementation trials. This study aimed to demonstrate that routinely collected hospital data can be used to evaluate population-level programme effectiveness.

Method

A controlled ecological design was used to evaluate the effect of FootyFirst, an exercise-training programme, on the number of hospital-treated lower limb injuries sustained by males aged 16–50 years while participating in community-level Australian Football. FootyFirst was implemented with ‘support’ (FootyFirst+S) or ‘without support’ (FootyFirst+NS) in different geographic regions of Victoria, Australia: 22 clubs in region 1: FootyFirst+S in 2012/2013; 25 clubs in region 2: FootyFirst+NS in 2012/2013; 31 clubs region 3: control in 2012, FootyFirst+S in 2013. Interrupted time-series analysis compared injury counts across regions and against trends in the rest of Victoria.

Results

After 1 year of FootyFirst+S, there was a non-statistically significant decline in the number of lower limb injuries in region 1 (2012) and region 3 (2013); this was not maintained after 2 years in region 1. Compared with before FootyFirst in 2006–2011, injury count changes at the end of 2013 were: region 1: 20.0% reduction (after 2 years support); region 2: 21.5% increase (after 2 years without support); region 3: 21.8% increase (after first year no programme, second year programme with support); rest of Victoria: 12.6% increase.

Conclusion

Ecological analyses using routinely collected hospital data show promise as the basis of population-level programme evaluation. The implementation and sustainability of sports injury prevention programmes at the population-level remains challenging.
Substantial underdiagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum in men who have sex with men in Europe: preliminary findings from a multicentre surveillance pilot
Authors: Cole Michelle Jayne , Field Nigel , Pitt Rachel , Amato-Gauci Andrew J , Begovac Josip , French Patrick D , Keše Darja , Klavs Irena , Zidovec Lepej Snjezana , Pöcher Katharina , Stary Angelika , Schalk Horst , Spiteri Gianfranco , Hughes Gwenda
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Understanding the public health impact of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in Europe is hampered by inadequate diagnostics and surveillance systems in many European countries. We developed and piloted LGV surveillance in three European countries without existing systems and performed a preliminary investigation of LGV epidemiology, where little evidence currently exists.

Methods

We recruited STI or dermatovenereology clinics and associated laboratories serving men who have sex with men (MSM) in Austria, Croatia and Slovenia, using the UK for comparison. We undertook centralised LGV testing ofChlamydia trachomatis(CT)-positive rectal swabs collected between October 2016 and May 2017 from MSM attending these clinics. Stored specimens from Austria (2015–2016) and Croatia (2014) were also tested. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected using a standardised proforma. TheompAgene of LGV-positive specimens was sequenced.

Results

In total, 500 specimens from CT-positive MSM were tested, and LGV positivity was 25.6% (128/500; 95% CI 22.0% to 29.6%) overall, and 47.6% (79/166; 40.1% to 55.2%) in Austria, 20.0% (3/15; 7.1% to 45.2%) in Croatia, 16.7% (1/6; 3.0% to 56.4%) in Slovenia and 14.4% (45/313; 10.9% to 18.7 %) in the UK. Proformas were completed for cases in Croatia, Slovenia and in the UK; proformas could not be completed for Austrian cases, but limited data were available from line listings. Where recorded, 83.9% (78/93) of LGV-CT cases were HIV-positive compared with 65.4% (149/228) of non-LGV-CT cases; MSM with LGV-CT were more likely to have proctitis (Austria, 91.8% vs 40.5%, p<0.001; Croatia, 100% vs 25%, p=0.04; UK, 52.4% vs 11.7%, p<0.001) than those with non-LGV-CT. Six differentompAsequences were identified, including three new variants; the L2ompAsequence predominated (58.6%, 51/87).

Conclusions

LGV is substantially underdiagnosed in MSM across Europe. Unified efforts are needed to overcome barriers to testing, establish effective surveillance, and optimise diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Using a planar rack cutter with variable modulus to generate a spherical gear pair
Authors: Yang Hsueh-Cheng , Sun Chih-Yao
Published: June 2019

In this study, an imaginary planar rack cutter with variable modulus and discrete conical teeth was used to generate a spherical gear pair with double degree of freedom. First, a geometric method was used to design the mathematical model of the imaginary planar rack cutter with variable modulus and discrete conical teeth. Next, the relationship of coordinate systems between the generating and generated surfaces was established. Then, the family of the imaginary planar rack cutter surfaces was obtained by homogeneous coordinate transformation matrix. Further, two equations of meshing between the generating and generated surfaces were determined by the two-parameter envelope theory. The mathematical model of spherical gear pair with variable modulus and discrete ring-involute teeth can be created by using the two equations of meshing and the family of the imaginary planar rack cutter surfaces. The mathematical models of the spherical gear pair with double degree of freedom and tooth contact analysis method were used to investigate the assembly errors of the gear pair in four cases.
The Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann legacy in mathematical relativity II. Quantum laws of motion for singularities of spacetime
Authors: Tahvildar-Zadeh A. Shadi , Kiessling Michael K. H.
Published: June 2019

We report on recent developments toward a relativistic quantum-mechanical theory of motion for a fixed, finite number of electrons, photons and their anti-particles, as well as its possible generalizations to other particles and interactions.
Toccata
Authors: Lachand Valentin , Michel Christine , Tabard Aurélien
Published: June 2019

We present Toccata, a system that facilitates the management of rich multi-device pedagogical activities. Through interviews with high school teachers, we identified a set of barriers to conducting digital activities in schools: set-up time, network problems, difficulties in following and changing plans as activities unfold. We designed and developed Toccata to support the planning of pedagogical activities (scripting), seamless sharing of content and collaboration across people and devices, live management of activities in the classroom, roaming for situations outside classrooms, resumption across sessions, and resilience to unstable network conditions. We deployed Toccata in three classes, over seven teaching sessions, involving a total of 69 students. Together, these deployments show that Toccata is a generic solution for managing multi-device activities in schools. We reflect on how Activity Based Computing principles support Orchestration in Toccata, and discuss the design opportunities it creates such as better awareness of learners' activity, micro-orchestration techniques for enabling teachers to better control devices in classrooms, or supporting reflective practices of teachers.
Adrenal Insufficiency: A Forgotten Diagnosis in HIV/AIDS Patients in Developing Countries
Authors: Nassoro David D. , Mkhoi Mkhoi L. , Sabi Issa , Meremo Alfred J. , Lawala Paul S. , Mwakyula Issakwisa Habakkuk
Published: June 2019

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is one of the most common endocrine disease in patients with HIV/AIDS, leading to high morbidity and mortality in HIV patients who become critically ill. Various etiologies are associated with the condition, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and drugs such as rifampin, among others. HIV patients with advanced disease develop relative cortisol deficiency largely due to the reduction of cortisol reserve, which predisposes patients to adrenal crisis in periods of stress or critical illness. The prevalence of AI in HIV/AIDS patients during HAART era is higher in developing than developed countries, probably due to limited access to both diagnosis and adequate treatments which increases the risk of opportunistic infections. The clinical features of functional adrenal insufficiency in HIV/AIDS patients can be masked by various infectious, noninfectious, and iatrogenic causes, which reduce clinical recognition of the condition. Development of simple screening algorithms may help clinicians reach the diagnosis when approaching these patients. In many low-income countries, most HIV patients are diagnosed with advanced disease; thus, further research is necessary to elucidate the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in HIV/AIDS patients and the condition’s impact on mortality in this population.
Medical Cannabinoids for Cancer Cachexia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Yanling , Tong Mengting , Pan Hongming , Li Da
Published: June 2019

Objectives. Cancer cachexia (CCA) is an intractable and ineffective metabolic syndrome that attacks 50–80% of cancer patients. It reduces patient’s life quality, affects the efficacy of treatment, and then increases their mortality; however, there are no established therapeutic strategies for CCA in the world. In this study, we assess the positive and negative effects of cannabinoid in the treatment of CCA. Methods. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed up to December 2017. Results. Of the 256 screened studies, three studies with a total of 592 participants were included. Compared with placebo, cannabinoid increased the appetite (MD 0.27, 95% CI -0.51 to 1.04; n= 3) but failed to improve the overall quality of life (QOL; MD -12.39, 95% CI [-24.21 to -0.57; n = 2), and a total of 441 patients had 607 adverse events (AEs; 496 in the cannabinoid group and 111 in the placebo group). Conclusions. Our analysis showed cannabinoid is effective in increasing appetite in cancer patients. However, it declines the quality of life, which may be due to the side effects of cannabinoid.
In Vitro Anticancer MCF-7, Anti-Inflammatory, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) and GC-MS Analysis of Whole Plant Butanol Fraction of Rheum ribes (WBFRR)
Authors: Achakzai Jahangir Khan , Anwar Panezai Muhammad , Kakar Muhammad Ayub , Kakar Abdul Manan , Kakar Shahabuddin , Khan Javed , Khan Nazima Yousaf , Khilji Inayatullah , Tareen Ajab Khan
Published: June 2019

In this study, GC-MS analysis has shown that whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) comprises of 21 compounds which exhibited anticancer (MCF-7) activity having IC50 value of 36.01± 0.26. MTT assay (MCF-7), Oxidative Burst assay using chemiluminescence technique, and B-Hatching techniques were the methods used for anticancer MCF-7, anti-inflammatory, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). GC-MS was used for structural elucidation. Whole plant methanol extract of rheum ribes (WMERR), whole plant n-hexane fraction of rheum ribes (WHFRR), and whole plant aqueous fraction of rheum ribes (WAFRR) were inactive against anticancer (MCF-7) cell line. Whole plant methanol extract of rheum ribes (WMERR), whole plant aqueous fraction of rheum ribes (WAFRR) and whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) showed anti-inflammatory activity on ROS having IC50 value of 23.2±1.9, 24.2±2.7 and 12.0±0.6. Whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) showed Brine Shrimp Lethality with LD50 693.302 while whole plant methanol extract of rheum ribes (WMERR) and whole plant aqueous fraction of rheum ribes (WAFRR) showed high lethality at highest concentration. This study revealed that whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) exhibited significant anticancer (MCF-7) activity. In the near future, the constituent of whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) can be the alternative drug against MCF-7 cell line with least toxicity and side effects.
Experimental Investigation of the Shear Behavior of a Concrete Beam without Web Reinforcements Using External Vertical Prestressing Rebars
Authors: Xue Xingwei , Wang Xuan , Hua Xudong , Wu Meizhong , Wu Longqing , Ma Zhuang , Zhou Junlong
Published: June 2019

The shear performance of concrete beams is known to be an important mechanical feature; hence, enhanced shear resistance is critical for determining a beam’s performance in terms of security and service life. This paper presents a study on the shear behavior of concrete beams without web reinforcement strengthened by external vertical prestressing rebars (EVPRs). Experimental data were obtained from seven test beams with varying influencing factors (stirrup ratio ρsEP, arrangement spacing s, prestressing force Fp, and compressive stress degree γp of the EVPRs) to determine their effects on the shear behavior. The results reveal that the EVPRs can significantly improve the shear capacity and ductility of concrete beams without web reinforcement. Furthermore, the failure mode is changed from brittle diagonal tension to relatively ductile shear compression, and the flexural cracks and shear cracks are more fully developed. The shear capacity becomes enhanced as the ρsEP and γp are increased; vertical compressive stress provided by the EVPRs can reduce the principal tensile stress of the concrete structure to prevent the shear cracking and enhance the shear resistance of the concrete. Meanwhile, in the stage from the formation of the critical shear crack (CSC) to the shear failure, the EVPRs can be used as stirrups to share the shear load. It can be concluded that EVPRs can effectively improve the shear performance of concrete beams.
Heat and Helium-3 Fluxes from Teide Volcano, Canary Islands, Spain
Authors: Alonso Mar , Padrón Eleazar , Sumino Hirochika , Hernández Pedro A. , Melián Gladys V. , Asensio-Ramos María , Rodríguez Fátima , Padilla Germán , García-Merino Marta , Amonte Cecilia , Pérez Nemesio M.
Published: June 2019

During July 2016, the first integrated heat flow, CO2, and 3He emission survey was conducted across 0.5 km2 of the summit cone and crater of Teide volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. The thermal energy released from Teide summit cone by diffuse degassing was 2.2 MW, and the heat flux calculated through Dawson’s method was 8.1 MW, difference due to the comparison of purely convective areas as the crater with diffusive areas as the flanks of the volcano. Diffuse CO2 output was 211±20 t d-1, and 3He emission was estimated to be within a range between 0.35 and 0.89 mol y-1. The obtained values of diffuse degassing and heat fluxes are close to others obtained for similar volcanic areas. The calculation of 3He/heat ratio for the first time in this volcanic system supports the presence of an important mantle source for the degassing of Teide volcano.
Biochemistry of the Thrombin-Like TLBpic and Its Purification fromBothrops pictus“Jergon de la Costa” (Reptilia: Viperidae)
Authors: Álvarez Tohalino Victor Ludgardo , Jiménez Pacheco Hugo Guillermo , Zumaran Farfán Juan Raúl Jesús , Delgado Sarmiento Pavel Kewin , Zegarra Panca Paulino Rodolfo
Published: June 2019

The venom of snakes is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of simple and complex substances, with inflammation and hyperalgesia being the first symptom caused by the action ofBothropsvenom, generating processes such as leukocyte infiltration, hemorrhage, and the intravascular formation of thrombi. Within the simple substances, we have free amino acids, peptides, nucleotides, carbohydrates, lipids, and biogenic amines (organic molecules) as well as cations and anions (inorganic constituents). Of the ions, we can highlight calcium, which is an important cofactor of some proteolytic enzymes as well as phospholipases A2. And magnesium and zinc are important cofactors of venom metalloproteases. Complex substances are related to proteins and enzymes. Studies related to the total venom of snake present in several organic substances act as pain mediators and are called biogenic amines, such as bradykinin, histamine, 4-hydroxytryptamine,N-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine,N′-N′-dimethyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and serotonin. In the present study, a fraction with serinoprotease and coagulant activity has been purified on fibrinogen, called TLBpic, using a cationic ion exchange chromatographic system coupled to an HPLC system. The main characteristic of our protocol is the speed, and the high recovery of the fraction with optimal terms gave result of evidence in the SDS-PAGE gel. The ESI (electrospray ionisation), corresponding to the electrophoresis of proteins in polyacrylamide gels and to their denaturing solubilization in the presence of the SDS ionic detergent, uniting the proteins, breaking hydrophobic interactions, showing a molecular mass of ∼30 kDa, demonstrating high molecular homogeneity that exists in this family of proteins, is a soft ionization method, in which the samples were ionized by the addition or removal of a proton, with very little extra energy to cause fragmentation of the produced ions. Samples with molecular masses greater than 1200 Da originate multicharged ions (M + nH)n+ in the positive ionization mode; this methodology guarantees that the purified material has a high degree of purity.
In Vivo Study on the Effects of Xiaoaiping on the Stemness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhan Jing , Shi Liang-liang , Wang Yan , Wei Bai , Yang Sheng-li
Published: June 2019

Aims.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Xiaoaiping on the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cellsin vivoand to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods.A subcutaneous xenograft nude mouse model was established using Hep3B-derived HCC cells. The mice were randomly assigned to the 100 mg/kg Xiaoaiping or 100μL/20 g normal saline (control) groups (n =3/sex/group) for daily intragastric administration for 14 days. The tumor size was closely monitored during the dosing phase. After the treatment period, the tumor tissues were weighed and harvested for mRNA and protein isolation. qPCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expression of cancer stemness markers (epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM], cluster of differentiation [CD13], CD90, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 [ALDH1], CD44, and CD45), totipotency factors (sex determining region Y-box 2 [Sox2], Nanog, and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [Oct4]), and genes involved in the Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, and Hippo signaling pathways.Key Findings.The tumor size and weight were significantly reduced in the nude mice treated with 100 mg/kg Xiaoaiping when compared with the controls. The Xiaoaiping effects on the stemness markers and totipotency factors included decreased expression of EpCAM, CD24, CD47, Sox2, Oct4, and sal-like protein 4 (SALL4), as well as increased expression of CD13 and ALDH1. In addition, Xiaoaiping inhibited the Hippo, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling pathways.Conclusion.Xiaoaiping significantly inhibited the growth of HCC xenograft in nude mice. These antitumor effects may be mediated by modulating the expression of multiple stemness markers and totipotency factors and inhibition of the Hippo, Wnt, and Hedgehog signaling pathways.
Effect of Heat Source and Imperfect Contact on Simultaneous Estimation of Thermal Properties of High‐Conductivity Materials
Authors: D’Alessandro Giampaolo , de Monte Filippo , Amos Donald E.
Published: June 2019

In the current paper a novel methodology accounting for both the heater heat capacity and the imperfect thermal contact between a thin heater and a specimen is proposed. In particular, the volumetric heat capacity of the heater is considered by modelling it as a lumped capacitance body, while the imperfect thermal contact is considered by means of a contact resistance. Thus, the experimental apparatus consisting of three layers (specimen‐heater‐specimen) is reduced to a single finite layer (sample) subject to a “nonclassical” boundary condition at the heated surface, known as sixth kind. Once the temperature solution is derived analytically using the Laplace transform method, the scaled sensitivity coefficients are computed analytically at the interface between the heater and the sample (heater side and sample side) and at the sample backside. By applying the proposed methodology to a lab‐controlled experiment available in the specialized literature, a reduction of the thermal properties values of about 1.4% is observed for a high‐conductivity material (Armco iron).
Potential Association of Body Constitution with the Prognosis of IgA Nephropathy: A Long-Time Follow-Up of 203 Cases in China
Authors: Liu Linchang , Yin Zhiwei , Ma Jiwei , Duan Shuwei , Chen Xiangmei
Published: June 2019

Objective. This study investigated the association between body constitution (BC) and the prognosis of IgA nephropathy. Methods. We analyzed 203 biopsy-diagnosed IgA nephropathy patients, who were followed up for (63.9±16.2) months. The participants’ BC statuses were evaluated with the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire; the relationships between clinical parameters and renal outcomes were analyzed by Cox regression. Results. Patients were classified into chronic kidney disease stages with 43.4% in stage 1, 27.1% in stage 2, 26.1% in stage 3, 3.5% in stage 4, and none in stage 5. Qi-deficiency BC type was the most common BC type in IgA nephropathy patients. In univariate analysis, proteinuria of more than 1g/d, hypertension, renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min), hypoproteinemia, hyperuricemia, Yang-deficiency BC, and blood-stasis BC were associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis identified that hypertension (hazard ratios (HR) 3.5, P=0.009), renal impairment (HR 5.8, P<0.001), Yang-deficiency BC (HR 2.3, P=0.041), and blood-stasis BC (HR 2.5, P=0.017) were independent predictors of unfavorable renal outcomes. Conclusions. Most patients of IgA nephropathy were biopsied at an early stage. Yang-deficiency BC and blood-stasis BC at biopsy were most closely associated with the worse prognosis of IgA nephropathy along with hypertension and renal impairment.