bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Testing of Mills and Wellhead Freeze Implemented on Offshore High-Rate 10,000 psi Gas Well
Authors: Haymes Robert Dixie , Imtiaz Khalid , Mazzella Carlo
Published: March 2017

A stuck 9⅝-in. 10,000 psi Inconel 925 back pressure valve (BPV) required a specialized testing apparatus to validate the mill design. The 18¾-in. Unihead and compromised BPV mandated an ice plug freeze capable of withstanding a 10,000 psi test as a well control barrier on the high-pressure sour gas well. The development, testing process and field results to mill the BPV and apply the ice plug freeze will be presented.

Mill machine lathe tests were conducted to achieve preliminary cutting structure and the mill profile. The test apparatus simulated milling an 8.635-in. Inconel 925 BPV stuck in a 9⅝-in. Inconel 725 tubing hanger. A test stand with 26-in. outside diameter (OD) casing and 9⅝-in. inner casing were constructed and double wrapped with 500 ft. of ¾-in. helical coil to simulate the freezing of an 18¾-in. Unihead, with 10,000 psi pressure integrity inside the 9⅝-in. tubing.

The rectangular inserts selected during the milling machine tests using one mill design for hanger and BPV created excessive vibrations, high torque, chipped inserts and slow milling. The first test revealed the inability of one mill to cut two materials and profiles in addition to limitations of available milling parameters. The cutting matrix was changed and two distinct mills were designed and specialized for each profile. The test fixture was also modified to enable a broader range of milling parameters and centralization in a robust testing fixture. The two mills successfully milled the required profile in the second test and the optimal milling parameters were obtained.

The ice plug test was performed on a vertical stand of 26-in. OD casing wrapped with helical coil and 9⅝-in. OD inner casing. The annulus and tubing were filled with water and liquid nitrogen free flowed from tanks through a two inch hose. The mass was cooled to minus 70°F with an ambient temperature of 86°F and repeatedly pressure tested to 2,000 psi and 10,000 psi. The test provided positive proof of the ice plug's integrity as a well control barrier for the large diameter application.

The innovative testing for the mill and freeze applications provided needed information for success in the field. A BPV of this size, material and design had never been milled before. This was the first time a freeze of this size and pressure rating had been placed and tested to 10,000 psi. The project highlighted the value of off-site, pre-job validation testing opposed to the on-site trial and error approach, which can prove costly and ineffective.
When should stream water be sampled to be most informative for event-based, multi-criteria model calibration?
Authors: Wang L. , van Meerveld H. J. , Seibert J.
Published: March 2017

Isotope data from streamflow samples taken during rainfall or snowmelt events can be useful for model calibration, particularly to improve model consistency and to reduce parameter uncertainty. To reduce the costs associated with stream water sampling, it is important to choose sampling times with a high information content. We used the Birkenes model and synthetic rainfall, streamflow and isotope data to explore how many samples are needed to obtain a certain model fit and which sampling times are most informative for model calibration. Our results for nine model parameterizations and three events, representing different streamflow behaviours (e.g., fast and slow response, with and without overflow), show that the simulation performance of models calibrated with isotope data from two selected samples was comparable to simulations based on isotope data for all 100 time steps. Generally, samples taken on the falling limb were most informative for model calibration, although the exact timing of the most informative samples was dependent on the runoff response. Samples taken on the rising limb and at peakflow were less informative than expected. These model results highlight the value of a limited number of stream water samples and provide guidance for cost-effective event-based sampling strategies for model calibration.
Ingestion of swimming pool water by recreational swimmers
Authors: Dufour A. P. , Behymer T. D. , Cantú R. , Magnuson M. , Wymer L. J.
Published: March 2017

The volume of water ingested by swimmers while swimming is of great interest to individuals who develop risk assessments using quantitative microbial risk assessment or epidemiological approaches. We have used chloroisocyanurate disinfected swimming pool waters to determine the amount of water swallowed by swimmers during swimming activity. The chloroisocyanurate, which is in equilibrium with chlorine and cyanuric acid in the pool water, provides a biomarker, cyanuric acid, that once swallowed passes through the body into the urine unchanged. The concentration of cyanuric acid in a 24 hour urine specimen and the concentration in pool water can be used to calculate the amount of water swallowed. Our study population of 549 participants, which was about evenly divided by gender, and young and adult swimmers, indicated that swimmers ingest about 32 mL per hour (arithmetic mean) and that children swallowed about four times as much water as adults during swimming activities. It was also observed that males had a tendency to swallow more water than females during swimming activity and that children spent about twice as much time in the water than adults.
Study of the treatment of domestic sewage using PVA gel beads as a biomass carrier
Authors: Wang Yibo , Liu Yonghong , Feng Minquan , Wang Lina
Published: March 2017

Technologies for domestic sewage treatment with low excess sludge yield rate and highly efficient biological treatment methods are needed, and the moving-bed biofilm reactor has great promise for meeting this need. To provide technical support for the treatment of typical domestic sewage, this paper provides an estimate of the bacterial diversity in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel beads determined by a 16S-rRNA gene-based polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach, proposes a method for reducing the excess sludge yield rate, and describes the startup and continuous operation of the PVA technology. Domestic sewage was treated by a moving-bed biofilm reactor system using PVA gel beads as a biomass carrier. A significant amount of sphalerite, filamentous bacteria and bacillus were observed on the surface and internal structure of the PVA-gel beads by scanning electron microscope. Clostridiaceae bacterium, Alpha proteobacterium, Phenylobacterium haematophilum and Rhodobacter were identified as dominant bacteria strains using 16S-rRNA PCR-DGGE. The active sludge tanks were found to play a significant role in the reduction of excess sludge.
Experimental study of hydrodynamic effects in the inverse water hydrocarbon emulsions flow in microchannels
Authors: Rakhimov A.A. , Akhmetov A.T.
Published: March 2017

The paper presents results of hydrodynamic and rheological studies of the inverse water hydrocarbon emulsions. The success of the application of invert emulsions in the petroleum industry due, along with the high viscosity of the emulsion, greatly exceeding the viscosity of the carrier phase, the dynamic blocking effect, which consists in the fact that the rate of flow of emulsions in capillary structures and cracks falls with time to 3-4 orders, despite the permanent pressure drop. The reported study shows an increase in viscosity with increasing concentration or dispersion of emulsion. The increase in dispersion of w/o emulsion leads to an acceleration of the onset of dynamic blocking. The use of microfluidic devices, is made by soft photolithography, along with high-speed photography (10,000 frames/s), allowed us to see in the blocking condition the deformation of the microdroplets of water in inverse emulsion prepared from simple chemical compounds.
The study of the process of evolution of the jet under outflow of water from the supercritical state through a thin nozzle
Authors: Bolotnova R.Kh. , Korobchinskaya V.A.
Published: March 2017

The dynamics of the water outflow from the initial supercritical state through a thin nozzle is studied. To describe the initial stage of non-stationary process outflow the system of differential equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy in a two-dimensional cylindrical coordinates with axial symmetry is used. The spatial distribution of pressure and velocity of jet formation was received. It was established that a supersonic regime of outflow at supercritical temperature of 650 K is formed, which have a qualitative agreement for the velocity compared with the Bernoulli analytical solution and the experimental data.
Calculation of natural frequencies and effective elastic properties of the axial compressor rotor blade
Authors: Filippov A.A.
Published: March 2017

The results of the numerical calculations of the natural frequencies of the composite rotor blade axial compressor of aircraft gas turbine engine. Shows the way of solving of а unit cell problem arising in the application of asymptotic homogenization method to elastic deformation of regular composite structures. Components of the effective stiffness matrix of the composite blade obtained by asymptotic homogenization.
Stratified flow with natural convection weakly stratified fluid
Authors: Moiseev K.V.
Published: March 2017

In work on the basis of a mathematical model based on a linear approximation, we study the formation of the layered flows with natural convection, poorly stratified inhomogeneous liquid. The regions of the parameters under which a layered structure of the flow-cell in a side heating.
Modifications of the Godunov method for computing disturbance propagation in an elastic body
Authors: Aganin A.A. , Khismatullina N.A.
Published: March 2017

Numerical investigation of efficiency of UNO- and TVD-modifications of the Godunov method of the second order accuracy for computation of linear waves in an elastic body in comparison with the classical Godunov method is carried out. To this end, one-dimensional cylindrical Riemann problems are considered. It is shown that the both modifications are considerably more accurate in describing radially converging as well as diverging longitudinal and shear waves and contact discontinuities both in one- and two-dimensional problem statements. At that the UNO-modification is more preferable than the TVD-modification because exact implementation of the TVD property in the TVD-modification is reached at the expense of “cutting” solution extrema.
Invariant submodels of rank 3 and rank 2 monatomic gas with the projective operator
Authors: Shayakhmetova R.F.
Published: March 2017

The system of gas dynamics equations with the state equation of the monatomic gas admits a group of transformations with a 14-dimensional Lie algebra. A projective operator is specific to this algebra. We consider all one-dimensional subalgebras containing the projective operator. Invariants are calculated and invariant submodel of rank 3 is constructed for each of subalgebras. All submodels are stationary type. They are reduced to the canonical form. Area hyperbolicity of obtained system were specified. Integral entropy is obtained along the flow lines. An ordinary differential equation to the invariant functions is obtained along the flow lines (analogue of a Bernoulli integral for stationary motions). We consider all two-dimensional subalgebras containing projective operator. Invariant submodel of rank 2 stationary type is constructed for each of subalgebras. Submodels are reduced to the canonical form.
A PROTEÇÃO DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS DA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA SANTA ISABEL: O PAPEL DAS POPULAÇÕES LOCAIS
Authors: Melo Edilaine Andrade , Andrade Ana Bárbara de , Santana Marlucia Cruz de
Published: March 2017

A Reserva Biológica (REBIO) é caracterizada como uma área de proteção integral que tem como objetivo a preservação integral da biota, sem interferência huma -na direta ou modificações ambientais, excetuando-se as medidas de recuperação de seus ecossistemas alterados e as ações de manejo necessárias para recuperar e preservar o equilíbrio natural. A Reserva Biológica Santa Isabel é uma das regi -ões de Sergipe que congrega uma área considerável de Restinga. Os conflitos que permeiam esses ecossistemas litorâneos configuram uma série de impactos socioambientais que apontam para perda dos recursos biológicos e culturais...
NA TRAMA DAS RELAÇÕES DE PODER: (DES/RE) TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO DE OLARIAS E CERÂMICAS NO POVOADO RIO DAS PEDRAS - ITABAIANA/SE
Authors: Mendonça Manoel Messias de
Published: March 2017

Este ensaio apresenta resultados finais de pesquisa realizada junto às cerâmicas e olarias do povoado Rio das Pedras em Itabaiana/SE, objeto de estudo da minha dissertação de Mestrado que foi desenvolvida no âmbito do PRODEMA/SE. O território das olarias e cerâmicas, há décadas materializado pelas relações de domi -nação e de apropriação do território em suas dimensões materiais e imateriais, foi em 2005, sobreposto por outro território, o da criação do Parque Nacional “Ser -ra de Itabaiana”. A sobreposição de territórios produziu significativas mudanças no processo de territorializaçao dessas unidades produtivas, merecendo ser aqui discutido...
QUEM É BEM-VINDO? A SECURITIZAÇÃO DA MIGRAÇÃO E O PAPEL DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA E DA ITÁLIA
Authors: França da Cunha Higor Hebert
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as políticas de proteção aos migrantes extracomunitários ao continente europeu em relação às políticas de fronteira e de segurança da União Europeia e dos Estados-membros. A partir do estudo da União Europeia e do caso da Itália - por meio de documentos oficiais, atos de fala e depoimentos de migrantes -, procura-se entender de que forma o posicionamento do bloco estaria tendendo aos interesses internos ou à implementação das normas de direitos humanos. Desde a Primavera Árabe e a eclosão de conflitos em diversos países – a exemplo da Líbia –, houve o aumento dos fluxos migratórios para a Europa e, em especial, para a Itália, que demonstraram as limitações e os problemas de todo um sistema político baseado no conceito da diferença. Este trabalho terá como aporte teórico principal as teorias de securitização das Relações Internacionais, onde os atos de fala serão entendidos como formadores de uma determinada realidade – que no caso deste artigo, será a restrição à mobilidade. Ademais, esta pesquisa procura questionar as visões mais tradicionais da disciplina, focando na ideia do Estado e do sistema internacional, reproduzidos como instituições fixas, atemporais e ahistóricas. Os pressupostos de nação, fronteira e identidade serão igualmente problematizados, no intuito de demonstrar como as relações sociais são fluídas, não estando limitadas a um modelo socio-político entendido como dominante. O migrante, securitizado por políticas de exceção e práticas de restrição à mobilidade, passa a ser rotulado como uma ameaça existencial. Com uma pesquisa conjunta dos níveis nacional e europeu, pretende-se comparar as políticas de proteção aos migrantes com o processo de integração europeu. Considerando a política comum de fronteiras – Espaço Schengen – e a Frontex (Agência Europeia de Gestão da Cooperação Operacional nas Fronteiras Externas), argumenta-se que o livre movimento dos migrantes é restringido em nome de um discurso de segurança e identidade.
“OS PANKARARU PAULISTANOS” UMA SITUAÇÃO DE EMERGÊNCIA ÉTNICO-IDENTITÁRIA
Authors: Martins Fábio do Espirito Santo
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho pretende ampliar a compreensão a respeito do contexto de inserção de uma comunidade indígena, a saber, os Pankararu, em uma realidade social bastante antípoda em relação àquilo que o senso comum concebe como o espaço devido às sociedades indígenas. O que neste caso especificamente, é a favela do Real Parque, bairro da zona sul de São Paulo. O trabalho evidenciou a marginalização e a exclusão da cultura indígena da ordem hegemônica da vida social, e a predominância de uma visão marcada pela representação estereotipada sobre os Pankararu e sua cultura. Desafiante, portanto, quando se propõe analisar o modo de vida de uma comunidade indígena em um contexto urbano, em que têm que enfrentar condições precárias de existência e manter suas peculiaridades culturais em um ambiente bastante adverso. Em que a sociedade não indígena espera que equilibrem os elementos tradicionais de sua cultura, convivendo com as características particulares dos grandes centros urbanos. Neste sentido, quaisquer concepções, que pretendam ser, naturalizadas quanto à cultura e idealizadas em relação aos indígenas, virão a constituírem-se como equívocos conceituais significativos e a causar sérios problemas. Já que, a cultura e a tradição são conceitos distantes de algo imóvel, fechado em si mesma. Pois bem, as reflexões apresentadas, possibilitam a visualização de experiências socioculturais concretas, que os processos de recriação e afirmação identitárias ocorridos na modernidade global, necessariamente, propõem novas perspectivas para o entendimento de categorias sociais e conceituais, tais como a identidade e a cultura.  Para aí então, se caracterizarem como instrumentos de luta pelo seu reconhecimento como indígenas de fato, por meio de reivindicações políticas que exigem o cumprimento de seus direitos constitucionais, e culturais diferenciados. Além ainda, de tornar bastante claro, as vastas limitações que os órgãos indigenistas do país mantêm em relação à realidade social contemporânea aqui analisada, isto é, a concentração de populações indígenas nas grandes cidades do país.
ENTRE FISSÕES E FUSÕES - A DINÂMICA SOCIAL MATSÉS E OS PROCESSOS DE TERRITORIALIZAÇÃO NA FRONTEIRA BRASIL-PERU
Authors: Reis Rodrigo Oliveira Braga
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo trata da relação entre etnicidade e nacionalidade a partir da análise da situação do povo Matsés (Pano) que habita a zona limítrofe entre o Brasil e o Peru. Adotando a perspectiva de que as regiões fronteiriças configuram espaços que possibilitam observar as estratégias dos Estados e das populações locais de definição e redefinição territorial, buscamos abordar a etnicidade e a nacionalidade como expressões identitárias inter-relacionadas em um espaço sociocultural de fronteiras políticas entre países. A região estudada tem sido palco de diversas frentes econômicas, como a exploração da seringa e do caucho, posteriormente, a exploração madeireira e, mais recentemente, os projetos de concessão para exploração petrolífera no Peru e sua população é constituída de uma diversidade de povos indígenas, de comunidades ribeirinhas (pescadores, agricultores, seringueiros, extratores e coletores de modo geral) e por pessoas de outras regiões, como militares, pesquisadores e missionários. Neste cenário, os Matsés vêm estabelecendo diversas relações interétnicas ao longo do tempo, definindo e redefinindo sua identidade, construindo sua territorialidade e (re)formulando sua organização social e política. O quadro de relações estabelecidos entre os Matsés e as agências indigenistas governamentais e não-governamentais, aliado às dinâmicas internas ao grupo, tem provocado tanto processos de sedentarização e fixação de comunidades quanto a mobilidade de grupos ou subgrupos na área do rio Javari e seus afluentes. Neste sentido, buscaremos discutir a configuração de novos padrões de territorialidade dos quais decorrem novas formas de organização social e política.
Study of the active layer at the Spanish Antarctic station “Gabriel de Castilla”, Deception Island, Antarctica
Authors: De Pablo M. A. , Molina A. , Recio C. , Ramos M. , Goyanes G. , Ropero M. A.
Published: March 2017

The degradation of permanent frozen ground (permafrost) and the increase in the thickness of the active layer may be caused both by natural processes (such as global climate change) and by anthropic activity, which changes the natural environmental conditions that allow its existence, as has been widely reported to occur in the northern polar and subpolar regions. In the case of Antarctica, some scientific research stations are located in areas with permafrost, such as the Spanish Antarctic station “Gabriel de Castilla” on Deception Island. In the place where the station is located, an important increase in erosion has been observed in recent years, including the excavation of new gullies and the erosion of the coastal cliffs. In order to develop an initial analysis of the possible effects of the station on the permafrost degradation, ground temperature has been monitored since 2012 and the thickness of the active layer and the temperature, both inside and beneath the station, have also been sporadically measured. Here we show the results and discuss how the station reduces the freezing of the ground during the winter when the station is closed and facilitates the warming of the ground during the living periods of the station in the Antarctic summer. Those initial results and conclusions make it necessary to continue the study of the permafrost and the active layer in the station site by systematic monitoring of the ground temperature and the thickness of the active layer.
The lower Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) at the northern extreme of the Mendoza Precordillera, Argentina: stratigraphic and biostratigraphic implications
Authors: Beresi M. S. , Bordonaro O. L. , Heredia S. E. , Mestre A. , Toro B. A.
Published: March 2017

A tectonically affected Middle Ordovician succession crops out at the Los Guanacos quarry in the Sierra de Las Higueras, in the Precordillera of Mendoza, western Argentina. This is represented by the San Juan Formation which is transitionally covered by a mixed carbonate-shaly unit of dark colours, 1.5 metres thick (transfacies) which can be interpreted as the base of the Los Azules Formation. A 5-cm thick intra-bioclastic pack/grainstone bed interbedded in the lower part of this unit has been interpreted as a tempestite. It is characterized both by a millimetre-thick erosional boundary, just above the dark mudstone layer and strong mechanical distribution of bioclasts and intraclasts, suggesting sedimentary structures associated with a storm event of high energy possibly occurring in the middle part of the platform. Towards the bottom, a hummocky structure thin interval, under the dark mudstone, is interpreted as the record of another tempestite event. The mudstone represents the post-storm event reflecting the low energy of the marine water environment. The lenticular layer contains predominantly lingulid shells, trilobites and graptolites, all highly fragmented, which suggests they have been reworked and subsequently mixed and quickly redeposited during a storm event that caused the mortality of these faunas. The trilobites Mendolaspis salagastensis and indeterminate species of Matagnostidae, Illaenidae, Leiostegiidae, Encrinuridae, Telephinidae and Trinucleidae have been recorded for the first time at this locality. The conodont fauna allows the identification of the Yangtzeplacognathus crassus Zone, which indicates the lower Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician). Graptolites assignable to Levisograptus cf. Levisograptus austrodentatus and Levisograptus sp. are described for the first time in the studied area and biostratigraphic implications validate the early Darriwilian age for the bearing levels. Finally, based on the studied records, correlation with different regions at the Precordillera, northwestern Argentina and worldwide, as well as some paleoenvironmental considerations, are additionally discussed.
Historical rock collection of the Commission for the Geological Map of Spain preserved in the Madrid School of Civil Engineering
Authors: Sanz Pérez Eugenio , Pérez Ruy-Díaz José Antonio , Menéndez-Pidal de Navascués Ignacio , Sanz Ojeda Pablo , Pascual-Arribas Carlos
Published: March 2017

The collection of 200 rocks prepared by the Commission for the Geological Map of Spain for the Madrid School of Civil Engineering, without known author and dated between 1898 and 1907, is one of the collections sent by the Commission to meet the specific needs of engineering institutes. It is composed of 200 explanatory index cards accompanying each of the specimens. The collection is national in scope and is designed with a clear teaching purpose focused on civil engineering students. Its main feature is to teach the historical geology of Spain summarized in a collection of representative rocks from the Spanish territory, classified by geological periods. This allows for uses of coeval type of rocks, such as building materials or as foundations, by knowing the most common rocks appearing in the synthetic stratigraphic column of Spain. Petrologic classifications and the division of geological periods are used according to these times. The index cards, where many observations about uses of civil engineering rocks are made, endeavor to identify rocks as samples with one's own eyes and at scale of outcrop in the field, within the regional stratigraphic context.
Technology integration in postsecondary education: A summary of findings from a set of related meta-analyses
Authors: Borokhovski Evgueni F. , Bernard Robert M. , Tamim Rana M. , Schmid Richard F.
Published: March 2017

Although the overall research literature on the application of educational technologies to classroom instruction tends to favor their use over their non-use, these results vary considerably depending on what kind of technology is used, who it is used with and, more importantly, under what circumstances and for what instructional purposes it is used. Relatively recent, but well-developed and powerful methodology of systematic reviews, particularly quantitative syntheses (also known as meta-analyses) is especially suitable for addressing questions of that type by systematically summarizing research evidence in given areas of interest in social sciences.This meta-analysis summarizes data from 674 independent primary studies that compared higher degrees of technology use in the experimental condition with less technology in the control condition, in terms of their effects on student learning outcomes in postsecondary education. The result was an overall average weighted effect size of = 0.27 (k = 879, p < .01), indicating low but significant positive effect of technology integration on learning. The follow-up analyses revealed the influence of educational technology used for cognitive support and blended learning instructional settings designed interaction treatments, and technology integration in teacher training, especially when student-centered pedagogical frameworks are used. These findings are of potentially high interest and applied value for educational practitioners, including teachers and school administrators, as well as for instructional designers and developers of educational software.
Артефакты личной безопасности в субъектном пространстве студентов вуза
Authors: Kotova Izabela B. , Krasnyanskaya Tat'yana М. , Tylets Valerii G. , Veselova Valeriya G. , Iokhvidov Vladimir V.
Published: March 2017

The article deals with the study of the relation of students of institutes of higher education to the use of amulets, talismans, and charm as artifacts of safety. Artifacts of safety are material symbols the use of which involves improving the efficiency of self-safety. The considered artifacts entered into the system of subjective views of students; they believed in their effectiveness as means of defense and well-being ofthe person. The understanding of the purpose of amulets, talismans, and charms, established in the cultural space, formed the basis of this belief. This belief is rather a kind of social tradition; it presupposes own experience or magical orientation of the personality of the respondents only partially. Defense was the most attributive sphere of activity of the considered artifacts; they also could bring success and happiness. The study showed significant syncretism of students’ representations of the nature and functionality of the artifacts of safety. Their successful differentiation was based on the discrimination of originand the nature of force. Despite the presence of the belief in the artifacts of safety, the overwhelming majority of the students were ready to use them in the present and especially in the future. The students explained the demand for the artifacts of safety in the future by the desire to ensure the protection of children. The authorsdistinguished and interpreted two groups of contradictions: (a) between the declared belief in the efficacy of the artifacts of safety and the subjects’ willingness to use them; (b) between the declared willingness to use the artifacts of safety and their actual use at the present time.
Субъективное благополучие китайских студентов на разных этапах обучения в вузах России и Китая
Authors: Danilenko Ol'ga I. , Idan' Syui
Published: March 2017

The paper brings forward the results of a comparative study of subjective well-being of Chinese students training in institutes of higher education of China and Russia. The works of psychologists focus primarily on the problem of adaptation of foreign students.However, difficulties can arise and provoke stress in senior years of education. It is important to know how Chinese students cope with stress at different stages of training. The level of subjective well-being is a significant indicator of the success of coping with stress.The empirical study involved 366 Chinese students at the age from 19 to 25 years – men and women – first-year and third-year bachelor students of and first-year MA students of institutes of higher education of China and Russia. The Index of Well-Being Questionnaire (A. Campbell et al.), adapted by Yao Chunsheng, He Nailing and Shen Qi [19, 21] was a method of studying the level of subjective well-being.The results of the study showed that the students of institutes of higher education of Russia scored lower in the assessment of their subjective well-being than the students of institutes of higher education of China. The firsts-year MA students trained in China scored higher in the assessment of subjective well-being than the third-year bachelor students. The firsts-year MA students trained in Russian universities scored lower in the assessment of subjective well-being than the thirdyear bachelor students. The authors put forward a hypothesis that, if to compare with students studying in China, a relatively lower subjective well-being of Chinese students trained in Russian institutes of higher education concerned not only difficulties in adapting toconditions of living and studying abroad, but also stress about future employment. This stress was higher in MA students.
Espintrónica, la electrónica del espín
Authors: Monteblanco Elmer , Ortiz Pauyac Christian , Savero Williams , Rojas Sanchez J. Carlos , Schuhl A.
Published: March 2017

En la actualidad el desarrollo de la tecnología nos ha conducido a elaborar dispositivos nanométricos capaces de almacenar y procesar información. Estos dispositivos serían difíciles de imaginar en la electrónica, la cual se basa en la manipulación de la carga eléctrica del electrón. Sin embargo, gracias a los avances en la física teórica y experimental en el campo de la materia condensada, estos dispositivos ya son una realidad, perteneciendo a lo que actualmente se denomina la electrónica del espín o espintrónica, la cual basa su funcionalidad en el control del espín del electrón, una propiedad que sólo puede ser concebida a nivel cuántico. En el presente artículo revisaremos esta nueva perspectiva, describiendo la Magnetorresistencia Gigante y de Efecto Túnel, la transferencia de momento de espín y sus respectivas aplicaciones como son las memorias MRAM, nano-osciladores y válvulas laterales de espín.
Elaboración y especificaciones técnicas del pisco peruano tercera etapa-planta prototipo
Authors: De La Cruz Azabache Mario Ricardo , Marcelo Astocóndor Dionicio Adolfo
Published: March 2017

El presente proyecto de investigación aplicada; tiene como objetivo definir las especificaciones técnicas de un producto de bandera como es el pisco peruano. La importancia de esta investigación, radica en el hecho que por ser la producción de pisco en el Perú mayormente artesanal y de poca tecnología, ésta no garantiza niveles estándar de calidad, composición y producción. Este trabajo contempla asimismo la obtención de un proceso estándar para la elaboración de aguardiente de uvas denominado Pisco, con pruebas de investigación a nivel de Reactor Prototipo, el desarrollo de producto a nivel comercial denominado Pisco UNI y la obtención de una Patente de Invención. Los resultados obtenidos a través de un trabajo multidisciplinario; con participación de investigadores y empresarios de instituciones como la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional de San Marcos; UNMSM; el Centro de Innovación de la Vid; CITEvid y Bodega y Viñedos La Caravedo de Ica, fueron satisfactorios, obteniéndose un proceso estándar que garantiza la elaboración de un producto de calidad y protegido además con una Patente de Invención. Asimismo, el proyecto tuvo como objetivo suministrar herramientas de innovación tecnológica a los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Textil de la UNI; FIQT, a fin que puedan aplicarlos en el desarrollo de su carrera o en la creación de su propia empresa o fuente de trabajo, como una alternativa de desarrollo luego que egresen de la universidad.
Una nueva forma del Teorema de Kantorovich para el método de Newton
Authors: Paredes Soria Leopoldo , Canales García Pedro
Published: March 2017

Una nueva forma de convergencia de tipo Kantorovich para el método de Newton es establecido para aproximarse localmente a una solución única de la ecuación F (x) = 0 definido sobre un espacio de Banach. Se asume que el operador F es dos veces diferenciable Fréchet, y que Fr, F rr satisface las condiciones de Lipschitz. Nuestra condición de convergencia difiere de los métodos conocidos y por lo tanto tiene un valor teórico y práctico.
Caracterización de un nanocompuesto de caucho natural reforzado con arcilla
Authors: Chirinos Collantes Hugo David
Published: March 2017

El presente trabajo caracteriza un nanocompuesto obtenido a partir de látex de caucho natural reforzado con arcilla. Se estudiaron las propiedades de sorción, mecánicas y térmicas. En la sorción se observó que cuanto mayor es la cantidad de arcilla, se absorbe menos cantidad de solvente. Las propiedades mecánicas mostraron un material muy tenaz con alto porcentaje de arcilla y baja elasticidad. Los ensayos termogravimétricos mostraron que la pérdida de masa de los nanocompuestos es menor con el aumento de la concentración de arcilla.
SISTEMA DE AUTOMATIZACIÓN DE UN CALDERO DE 30 BHP PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LA EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA UTILIZANDO VARIABLES TERMODINÁMICAS
Authors: Apaza Ubaldo , Delgado Aldo , Garcilazo Iván , Obregón Igor
Published: March 2017

Se realizó la implementación de un sistema de control automático en el caldero pirotubular del Laboratorio de Operaciones Unitarias de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Textil para mejorar el aprovechamiento del vapor generado por este. Los puntos implementados fueron, un sistema de purga automático empleando un lenguaje de programación ladder establecido en un relé programable. Este sistema permite la purga automática, mediante una válvula neumática; el segundo punto fue la implementación de un sistema de monitoreo, supervisión y registro de datos de la temperatura de gases de combustión y como último punto, la implementación de una analizador portátil de gases de combustión y el aislamiento total de conductos de vapor para minimizar las pérdidas de energía. Los mejores resultados de esta investigación podrán ser aplicados, bajo el mismo procedimiento, a nivel industrial en industrias que usen las calderas como su corazón para sus diversos procesos con el fin de obtener mejoras en sus procesos y en sus costos de operación Palabras clave.- Ladder, Purga, Caldera, Relé programable, Sólidos disueltos. ABSTRACTThe implementation of an automatic control system in the fire-tube boiler of the Unit Operations Laboratory of the FIQT-UNI was performed to improve the utilization of the steam generated by it. The first point implemented had been an automatic purge using a ladder programming language established in a relay. This system allows the automatic purge by using a pneumatic valve; the second point was the implementation of a monitoring system, supervision and data logging of the temperature flue gas and as a last point, the implementation of a portable flue gas analyzer and the total steam duct insulation in order to minimize energy losses.The best results of this research could be applied ,through the same process, on an industrial level in industries which use boilers as their heart for their various processes in order to obtain improvements in their processes and in their operation costs. Keywords.- Ladder, Purge, Boiler, Programmable relay, Dissolved solids.
IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA TÉCNICA ANALÍTICA BARIO EN AGUA RESIDUAL POR ESPECTROMETRÍA DE ABSORCIÓN ATÓMICA
Authors: Camero Jiménez José W. , Huamaní León Víctor A.
Published: March 2017

La implementación de un método de ensayo asegura la confiabilidad analítica del resultado de ensayo, razón por la cual el presente trabajo aborda la implementación del método analítico descrito en el Standard Methods 3111 D - Direct Nitrous Oxide - Acetylene Flame Method para la determinación de bario, en la matriz de agua residual, utilizando un espectrómetro de absorción atómica. Está implementación tiene el enfoque del sistema de gestión de calidad de laboratorios de ensayo ISO/IEC 17025:2005, siendo los parámetros estadísticos evaluados: la exactitud (veracidad y precisión), límite de detección del método, límite de cuantificación, rango de trabajo, linealidad, sensibilidad y robustez. Palabras clave.- Espectrómetro de absorción atómica, Bario, Implementación, Exactitud, Límite de detección del método, Agua residual, ISO/IEC 17025. ABSTRACTThe implementation of a test method ensures the analytical reliability of the test result, reason why the present paper deals with the implementation of the analytical method described in the Standard Methods 3111 D - Direct Nitrous Oxide - Acetylene Flame Method for the determination of barium in the matrix of wastewater, using an atomic absorption spectrometer. It is implementation has the approach of the system of management of quality of testing laboratories ISO/IEC 17025: 2005, being evaluated statistical parameters: accuracy (trueness and precision), method detection limit, quantification limit, working range, linearity, sensitivity and robustness. Keywords.- Atomic absorption spectrometer, Barium, Implementation, Accuracy, Method detection limit, Wastewater, ISO/IEC 17025.
Control de parámetros operativos para optimizar el funcionamiento de la red principal de transporte y de distribución de gas natural seco del Proyecto Camisea I
Authors: Aybar Chávez Víctor Alfredo
Published: March 2017

Los sistemas actuales de transporte y distribución de gas natural seco correspondientes al proyecto Camisea I, mueven millones de pies cúbicos diarios de este hidrocarburo; su capacidad y confiabilidad operativa repercuten en el consumidor final. La operación o el funcionamiento adecuado de ellos permiten obtener un aprovechamiento eficiente de este recurso. El trabajo tiene como objetivo demostrar que, a través del control sobre determinados parámetros operativos (específicamente, valores de presión y flujos de consumo de gas en puntos clave del sistema), es posible obtener un funcionamiento eficiente de la red principal (representado por el consumo de combustible de las estaciones de compresión). Todo ello, garantizando el libre acceso de los usuarios y cumpliendo con las condiciones contractuales entre los miembros que conforman la cadena de valor del gas.
DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE MONITOREO, ADMINISTRACIÓN Y RECAUDO INTELIGENTE PARA EL TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO
Authors: Patiño G. , L. Fletscher , J. Aedo
Published: March 2017

Los sistemas de transporte público son eje central del desarrollo de las ciudades ya que garantizan la movilidad y el acceso de sus habitantes a diferentes actividades productivas y sociales. No obstante, los largos recorridos de los buses, y la congestión de tráfico resultante, reducen la calidad de vida y la productividad económica de una región, al tiempo que complican los procesos asociados al control de las rutas y los eventos producidos durante el desplazamiento de los vehículos. En este entorno, este artículo presenta los aspectos generales del proyecto (S.M.A.R.t)1 que busca diseñar e implementar una plataforma tecnológica integral para el monitoreo, gestión de flota y recaudo para las empresas de transporte público de Medellín y del Valle de Aburrá (Colombia), bajo la visión de un Sistema Inteligente de Transporte. De acuerdo con lo anterior, en la primera sección se presentará una introducción al contexto de los sistemas inteligentes de transporte, para posteriormente abordar los procesos de diseño de alto nivel y terminar con el esquema de la solución concebida. Finalmente se presentará un panorama del trabajo futuro y las conclusiones obtenidas hasta el momento. Palabras clave.- SIT, Sistemas inteligentes de transporte, Control de ruta, Sistema a bordo. ABSTRACTPublic transportation systems are the main support of urban development as they ensure passenger mobility and access to jobs and social activities. However, the length of bus routes and the resulting traffic congestion can reduce the quality of life and economic productivity of a region, while at the same time complicating the processes associated with the control of the routes and the operation of the vehicles. In this context, the present article introduces the S.M.A.R.t1 project, which will design and implement an integrated technology platform for monitoring, fleet management and fare collection in the public transportation companies of the city of Medellin and the Aburrá valley (Colombia) under the concept of Intelligent Transportation System. The first section introduces the context of Intelligent  Transport  Systems, then high-level design processes are addressed, and the concept of the proposed solution is presented. Finally, an overview of future work and the conclusions obtained so far are presented. Keywords.- Intelligent transportation systems, ITS, Route control, On board system.
Síntesis y caracterización morfológica de nanotubos de ZnO sobre substratos de vidrio y de SNO2:F
Authors: Alarcón Julio , Gago Javier , Rodríguez Rodríguez Juan
Published: March 2017

En el presente trabajo se reporta la síntesis y caracterización morfológica de nanotubos de ZnO, fabricados a partir de semillas de óxido de zinc fabricadas por el método del rociado pirolítico. El crecimiento de los nanotubos de ZnO se llevó a cabo sumergiendo los sustratos con las semillas de ZnO en una solución acuosa de nitrato de zinc y metenamina. Las muestras fabricadas bajo diferentes condiciones se analizaron en su morfología por Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido.
Una propuesta de modelo de difusión de alerta temprana para deslizamientos de tierra en el Perú usando la televisión digital terrestre
Authors: Rosales H. Jimmy , Campos A. Fredy , Córdova B. Víctor , Matos A. Carmen , Corimanya M. José , Palomino E. Walter , Castillo S. José
Published: March 2017

Con la implantación de la Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) en los países latinoamericanos y su capacidad para desarrollar servicios interactivos, se abre un nuevo camino para mejorar la conectividad existente mediante aplicaciones que permitan la comunicación ubicua. El Perú es un país que se encuentra en el cinturón de fuego del Pacífico y tiene constantemente muchos desastres naturales siendo propenso a los deslizamientos de tierra. Por ello, en el presente trabajo se pretende usar la TDT para ayudar a las personas en caso de un desastre natural, mediante una alerta temprana, en forma de mensaje que aparecerá en el monitor de un televisor en forma de ventana, informando acerca de la situación existente, esta información es importante ya que proporciona la comunicación de alerta en situaciones de emergencia y es vital para reducir el número de víctimas que se podría producir. El propósito de este trabajo es proponer un modelo de alerta temprana en el caso de ocurrencia de un deslizamiento (huayco), el cual podría ser aplicado en el futuro en algunas zonas propensas a estos eventos naturales. Este modelo propone su adecuación a la realidad Peruana y sirve como punto de partida para usar la TDT en el caso de otro tipo de emergencia similar.
Barreras sonoras: posible solución para el intercambio vial Av. Venezuela y Universitaria estudio preliminar
Authors: Gamarra Chinchay Hugo Eliseo , Yarin Achachagua Anwar Julio , Yarin Achachagua Yasser Hipólito , Llosa Demartini Melchor , Herencia Calampa Nicolás , Gómez Barria Javier
Published: March 2017

Se relata una posible solución al incremento de ruido esperado por el flujo automovilístico producido por las obras del intercambio vial de las Avenidas Universitaria y Venezuela y que no ha sido considerada en la propuesta inicial que viene siendo ejecutada por la Municipalidad de Lima Metropolitana. Las barreras sonoras son muy comunes en los países desarrollados, pero vemos que dicha tecnología no ha sido introducida en nuestro medio y esta obra al estar colindante a la principal y más importante universidad peruana merece esta mejora para no afectar los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje (PEA).
Modelo de seguridad energética aplicado a países latinoamericanos
Authors: Saravia Fredy , Cervan Prado Dheybi
Published: March 2017

Entre las políticas energéticas ha adquirido creciente importancia la noción de “seguridad energética”, es decir, garantizar la continua disponibilidad de energía, en variadas formas, cantidades y a precios asequibles. El concepto de seguridad energética ha evolucionado desde su única asociación del suministro de petróleo, hasta incorporar conceptos ambientales y sociales relacionados con la energía. En los países de Latinoamérica la seguridad energética no deja de ser un problema, en este contexto, se hace necesario cuantificar la noción de “seguridad energética” y adaptarla a las necesidades nacionales y de ser posible a la realidad Latinoamericana con el fin contar con un modelo que sirva de instrumento para la planificación de políticas energética a largo plazo. En este artículo, se plantea un modelo cuantitativo para obtener un índice de seguridad energética, este modelo es aplicado para los países latinoamericanos cuyos resultados se compara con una investigación similar del Foro Económico Mundial.
Maximización de la eficiencia a cargas parciales de una central hidroeléctrica multigrupo integrada al sistema interconectado nacional
Authors: Gonzales Chávez Salome , Rosas Maximiliano Miguel , Poccomo Coquil Alex
Published: March 2017

En una Central Hidroeléctrica multigrupo que opera a cargas parciales, la máxima eficiencia de cada grupo y el de la combinación aleatorias de estos, difieren de la eficiencia de diseño de la central a plena carga. Estas centrales están condicionadas a operar a cargas parciales, tanto en épocas de estiaje como en tramos de sobreoferta eléctrica del sistema interconectado nacional. El periodo de estiaje en Perú alcanza a nueve meses del año, situación que implica pérdidas económicas debido a la inadecuada regulación del caudal y elección de grupo, a condiciones de eficiencias por debajo de sus valores óptimos. El objetivo de este trabajo es el desarrollo de un proceso de optimización de la eficiencia de una Central Hidroeléctrica multigrupo, para cualquier nivel de potencia a generar en el programa diario de generación interconectada. Como resultados se obtiene la maximización de la eficiencia y combinación de turbinas-grupo para cada potencia de salida de la central fuera de sus condiciones nominales; asimismo se construye un programa computacional en Matlab que alimenta al sistema automatizado de la central. Su aplicación está permitiendo reducir costos de generación y disponibilidad de la central, a su vez conforma un patrón metodológico de uso en otras centrales hidroeléctricas multigrupo.