bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Data Well Logging Untuk Mengetahui Lapisan Akuifer Sumur Bor Di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Al Rosyid Ulil Abror , Siregar Simon Sadok , Wahyono Sri Cahyo
Published: June 2024

This research aims to analyze well logging data to determine the aquifer layer of drilled wells in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan. This information is very important for sustainably developing groundwater resources in the region. This research uses well logging data collected from various sources, including resistivity, gamma rays, and spontaneous potential logs. These data are then analyzed using various techniques such as correlation analysis, log interpretation charts, and software to identify aquifer zones based on their characteristic log responses. The analysis succeeded in identifying potential aquifer layers in the wells studied. Aquifers are characterized by resistivity, gamma rays, and lithology. Based on the results of the analysis using WellCad data, four types of rock were obtained, namely: weathered rock (top soil), sand, clay, and sandy clay. Demonstrates the effectiveness of well logging data analysis in identifying and characterizing aquifer layers. Based on these results, it is known that the distribution of confined aquifers and unconfined aquifers has water-carrying properties. So overall it can be concluded that Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency has quite large deep groundwater potential because there are many layers of sand.KEYWORDS: Well logging; aquifer; groundwater; Hulu Sungai Selatan; South Kalimantan.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pestisida Nabati Daun Bintaro (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.) terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum Linn.)
Authors: Rahmawati Sri , Pramudi Muhammad Indar , Liestiany Elly
Published: June 2024

Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada komoditas cabai di Indonesia setiap tahunnya disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu kondisi iklim yang berubah, terbatasnya varietas benih cabai berkualitas dan banyaknya serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman yaitu hama dan penyakit. Penyakit utama yang selalu menyerang tanaman cabai yaitu penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Colletotrichum capsici. Pengendalian pestisida nabati adalah salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan salah satunya yaitu pestisida nabati daun bintaro dengan 2 jenis pelarut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pestisida nabati daun bintaro (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.)  dengan menggunakan pelarut air dan etanol dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman cabai (Capsicum annum Linn.). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yang terdiri dari 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yaitu K   = Kontrol (Tanpa pestisida), KC = pestisida kimia (Bahan aktif abamektin), PA = Konsentrasi larutan daun bintaro 10 ml, PB = Konsentrasi larutan daun bintaro 20 ml, PC = Konsentrasi larutan daun bintaro 30 ml, PD = Konsentrasi ekstrak daun bintaro 1 ml, PE = Konsentrasi ekstrak daun bintaro 2 ml dan  PF = Konsentrasi ekstrak daun bintaro 3 ml. Perlakuan pestisida nabati daun bintaro pada tanaman cabai mampu menekan persentase serangan penyakit antraknosa. Persentase paling tinggi diperlihatkan pada tanaman cabai yang tidak diberi pestisida nabati daun bintaro (55,87%). Sedangkan persentase paling rendah yaitu pada tanaman cabai yang diaplikasikan pestisida kimia (24,20%) serta pada perlakuan nabati daun bintaro dengan larutan 30 ml (25,97%). Selain itu perlakuan pestisida nabati daun bintaro menghasilkan jumlah buah paling banyak yaitu 49923 buah/ha, serta berat basah buah yang paling berat yaitu 298,92 kg/ha.
Formulasi Bakteri Endofit Untuk Menekan Kejadian Penyakit Fusarium Pada Padi Beras Merah (Oryza nivara. L)
Authors: Anam Ahmad Khairil , Mariana Mariana , Budi Ismed Setya
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh formulasi bakteri endofit tanah gambut, formulasi bakteri endofit tanah rawa lebak, formulasi bakteri endofit tanah rawa pasang surut, formulasi bakteri endofit kelakai pada benih beras merah dalam menekan kejadian penyakit fusarium. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yaitu kontrol inokulasi tanpa bakteri endofit, formulasi bakteri endofit dengan tanah gambut, formulasi bakteri endofit dengan tanah rawa lebak, formulasi bakteri endofit dengan tanah rawa pasang surut, formulasi bakteri endofit dengan kelakai dan ditambah satu perlakuan kontrol inokulasi tanpa bakteri endofit dan tanpa patogen untuk mengamati parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan. Perlakuan formulasi bakteri endofit mampu menekan kejadian penyakit fusarium. Formulasi bakteri endofit dengan tanah rawa lebak memiliki kejadian penyakit paling rendah 67,5% dengan efektivitas 30,7%, formulasi tanah rawa pasang surut 70% dengan efektivitas 28,2%, formula  si tanah gambut 77,5% dengan efektivitas 20,5% dan formulasi kelakai 82,5% dengan efektivitas 15,3% sedangkan kontrol memiliki kejadian penyakit paling tinggi sebesar 97,5% selain itu formulasi bakteri endofit dapat memperpanjang masa inkubasi. Formulasi bakteri endofit juga dapat menambah tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan, selain itu perendaman benih dengan formulasi bakteri endofit tidak mempengaruhi perkecambahan benih dan panjang kecambah padi beras merah.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Bintaro (Cerbera odollam gaertn.) Untuk Pengendalian Hama Utama Pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annum Linn.)
Authors: Winarni Arwidya , Pramudi Muhammad Indar , Liestiany Elly
Published: June 2024

Penggunaan pestisida nabati dari bahan alami yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah tanaman bintaro (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun bintaro dengan pelarut air dan etanol terhadap pengendalian hama utama pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pestisida nabati daun bintaro mampu menekan kerusakan serangan hama pada cabai, intensitas kerusakan daun terendah terlihat pada perlakuan PD (5,99%), selanjutnya pada pengamatan persentase kerusakan buah terendah pada pemberian perlakuan KC (11,37%) dan perlakuan PC (14,94%). Selain itu pemberian pestisida nabati daun bintaro PA menghasilkan jumlah buah (47.146 buah/ha), terbanyak kedua setelah kontrol kimia (49.923 buah/ha).
Pengaruh Aplikasi Eco-enzyme Untuk Menekan Penyakit Moler Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Di Lahan Gambut
Authors: Anggita Alwina Ayu , Salamiah Salamiah , Rosa Helda Orbani
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi eco-enzyme dalam menekan penyakit moler pada tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di lahan gambut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dimana perlakuan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu kontrol (tanpa larutan eco-enzyme) dan 3 perlakuan larutan eco-enzyme dengan dosis (0,2, 0,6, dan 1 mL/200 mL air) yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase eco-enzyme yang mampu menekan penyakit moler pada perlakuan t3 (dosis 1 mL/200 mL air) sebesar 57,9%, dan persentase penekanan terkecil pada perlakuan t1 (dosis 0,2 mL/200 mL air) sebesar 43,6%. Pada penelitian masa inkubasi Fusarium oxysporum muncul untuk pertama kali pada hari ke 14 HSI dan terjadi pada semua perlakuan. Sedangkan untuk jumlah umbi/ha terbanyak terdapat pada perlakuan kontrol sebanyak 58,40 umbi/perlakuan (162.222 umbi/ha). Pada penelitian bobot basah umbi pada perlakuan kontrol memiliki berat basah umbi terberat yaitu 522,60 umbi/perlakuan (1.451,7 kg/ha), dan untuk diameter umbi terbesar terdapat pada perlakuan pemberian larutan eco-enzyme dengan dosis 0,6 mL/200 mL air yaitu sebesar 18,3 mm.
Keanekaragaman Mikroba pada Rhizosfer Pertanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) yang Diaplikasikan Eco Enzyme di Lahan Gambut
Authors: Aprilliana Noor , Marsuni Yusriadi , Salamiah Salamiah
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari aplikasi eco enzyme terhadap keanekaragaman mikroba di rhizosfer pertanaman bawang merah di lahan Gambut. Penelitian ini memakai teknik deskriptif dengan metode purposive sampling, terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu kontrol (tanpa perlakuan eco enzyme) dan 3 perlakuan larutan eco enzyme dengan dosis (0,2 ml, 0,6 ml, dan 1 ml/200 ml air) dengan 5 kali ulangan. Hasil identifikasi didapatkan isolat mikroba  65 isolat yang mana 28 isolat cendawan terdiri dari 9 genus cendawan yaitu Trichoderma spp., Penicillium sp., Acremonium sp., Mortierella spp., Humicola sp., Fusarium spp.,  Aspergillus sp., Culvularia sp., Pythium spp. dan 37 isolat bakteri terdiri dari 29 isolat bakteri gram positif dan 8 isolat bakteri gram negatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaplikasian eco enzyme berdampak terhadap keanekaragaman mikroba di rhizosfer pertanaman bawang merah di lahan Gambut. Keanekaragaman jenis mikroba berkisar antara 0,9 – 1,4 termasuk dalam kategori rendah – sedang. Kekayaan jenis mikroba berkisar antara 0,9 – 1,7 termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Kemerataan jenis mikroba berkisar antara 0,8 – 1,0 termasuk kategori rendah, serta indeks dominasi berkisar antara 0,3 – 0,5 termasuk kategori tidak ada yang mendominasi.
High School Physics Assessments in Bontang City: Fostering Higher-Order Thinking
Authors: Wati Asma , Qadar Riskan , Sulaeman Nurul Fitriyah
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the percentage of HOTS-level physics questions and the cognitive level and dimensions of knowledge of HOTS-level physics questions on the class X SMAN/MAN summative exam in Bontang. These questions were analysed based on Bloom's revised taxonomy: cognitive level and knowledge dimensions. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The subject of this research was four schools in Bontang city, including high schools A, B, C, and D. Data collection techniques use documentation techniques. The results of the research show that the percentage of HOTS-level physics questions is 12.2%, with the percentage of each question code being 5% for question code A, 15% for question code B, 20% for question code C, and 16% for question code D for cognitive level C4.In contrast, cognitive levels C5 and C6 are not found in the summative exam question document. The cognitive level in the summative exam questions includes C1 to C4 and factual, conceptual and procedural knowledge dimensions. The knowledge dimension in the HOTS level question is dominated by the procedural knowledge dimension, while there is only one question in the conceptual knowledge dimension. Future physics should consider the balance of cognitive level and dimension in school assessment.
Ethnoscience Study in Lambaleko Weaving in Tana Righu
Authors: Engge Yohanes , Kerans Geterudis , Malo Meinfi Yanti
Published: June 2024

Sumba Island has cultural characteristics that can be integrated into science learning, including Sumba woven cloth. The process of making Sumba weaving has cultural and scientific value. This research aims to determine the meaning and ethnoscientific value of making Lambaleko woven cloth. This study used qualitative research methods. This data was obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. The instruments used in this research were observation sheets, interview sheets, and documentation. The data analysis involves data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The research results show that the tools and materials used in the weaving process are traditional tools and materials with varying classifications, showing the biodiversity level on the island of Sumba. Making Lambaleko weaving consists of eleven stages: a) preparing tools and materials such as Mbola, Bei tonnu, Koba, Malirra, Ghunna, Ghobola, Laketta, Bedo, Kalerre, Tent, Laka, Kalamaka, Ghobola ghunna, Ghobola zodo, Rande, Tukka, Kanagho, scissors and thread, b) tools starting to be assembled on the Mbola, c) unfurling the warp threads on the Bei tonnu, e) removing the weave from the Mbola, d) winding the threads on the Kanagho, f) straightening the threads on the woven fabric, g) installing the Rande, h) installing Tukka, i) installing Ghobola ghunna, Ghobola zodo, j) making motifs, and k) the process of making weaving until it becomes cloth. The weaving process is also related to physical material, frictional forces, pressure, gravitational forces, biological material, plant biodiversity, and chemical material, additives. In conclusion, Lambaleko woven cloth has ethnoscientific and cultural values that the community believes to be used in science learning related to biodiversity, friction, pressure, gravitational forces, and additives.
Effect of variation concentrations of cajuput oil and magnets on engine performance and flue gas emissions
Authors: Perdana Dony , Said Nur , Mamat Rizalman
Published: June 2024

This studies proposes the effect of variations concentration of cajupuut oil and magnetic field of attraction on internal combustion engine performance and flue gas emissions. The increasing demand for petroleum energy is increasing, in line with the rising levels of flue gas emissions produced using transportation and the industrial world. Therefore, environmentally friendly alternative fuels are needed. Because the availability of fossil fuels cannot be renewed and their existence is increasingly depleting. This problems can overcome by saving fuels consumption. One way to save fuels are by adding bio-additives from cajupuut oil and a magnetic field to the fuel line. This research uses a direct test method using tools like a chassis dynamometer and gas analyzer. Pertalite fuel is mixed with various concentrations of cajupuut oil, six cc, eight cc, and ten cc and with addition of a magnetic fields strength of 10,000 Gauss of the genio motorcycle fuel line. This research has found that influence of variation of concentration in cajupuut oil and the magnetic field of attraction significantly impact engine performance and flue gas emissions. A mixture of eucalyptus ten ml with a magnetic field of attraction produces the highest maximum power and torque of 8.35 Hp and 11.77 Nm, respectively. Meanwhile, CO emissions have a level of 0.1%, but the highest CO2 level is 9.6% compared to other concentrations.
Simulation of dimethyl ether production as LPG substitute using LNG from Arun terminal with tri-reforming and direct synthesis method
Authors: Rahmatullah Faiprianda Assyari , Pamungkas Tegar , Mutia Sarah , Zulfansyah Zulfansyah , Rionaldo Hari
Published: June 2024

Increased demand for LNG compels Indonesia to import to meet these needs. Substituting LNG with alternative fuel emerges as a strategy to reduce LPG imports. One such alternative can be used for LPG substitution is Dimethyl Ether. Dimethyl ether is a colorless compound possesses a heating value of 30,5 MJ/kg and an energy equivalency with LPG ranging between 1,56 – 1,76. Dimethyl ether can be directly synthesized from synthetic gas produced through natural gas reforming. Production of synthetic gas from natural gas employs the tri-reforming method which integrating steam reforming, dry reforming, and partial oxidation methods in a single reactor offering optimal energy utilization advantages and minimal environmental impact. Dimethyl ether production from synthetic gas is using direct synthesis method, combining methanol synthesis and dehydration in a single reactor providing high conversion advantages compared to indirect synthesis method. Simulation was carried out using process simulator program ASPEN Plus V11. Based on the simulation results, dimethyl ether yield and selectivity is 99.62%.
PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN UNDERSHOT WATERWHEEL SEBAGAI PENGGERAK SPIRAL PUMP UNTUK IRIGASI PERTANIAN
Authors: Eko Rochmad , Agung Fauzi Hanafi  , I. G. N. A. Satria Prasetya D.Y.  , Enggar Priyadi
Published: June 2024

Kurangnya air menjadi salah satu permasalahan pada sektor pertanian. Sawah menjadi sulit untuk dialairi air karena lokasi yang berada diatas sumber air. Hal ini menyebabkan proses irigasi pada sawah terhambat. Saat musim kemarau, petani terpaksa harus memompa air menggunakan mesin pompa air. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah pompa air yang lebih ekonomis salah satunya ialah spiral pump yang digerakkan oleh undershot waterwheel. Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh desain water wheel  yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi lingkungan. Hasil perancangan undershot waterwheel didapatkan ukuran diameter 1 m, lebar 1, 15 m, dan luas sudu 0,459 m2. Rangka kincir dibuat dari bahan besi beton polos diameter 8 mm, sudu kincir dibuat dengan bahan plat galvanis tebal 0, 4 mm, penyangga kincir dibuat dengan bahan besi siku ukuran 4 x 4 cm, sedangkan poros kincir terbuat dari bahan pipa galvanis dengan ukuran diameter luar 33, 8 mm dan tebal 3, 2 mm. Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan, diperoleh putaran kincir 15, 2 rpm, torsi 9, 5 Nm, daya kincir 15, 11 watt, dan efisiensi undershot waterwheel sebesar 16, 54 %.
STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL KARAKTERISTIK NYALA API PEMBAKARAN PREMIX MINYAK KAPUK DENGAN BERBAGAI ORIENTASI MEDAN MAGNET
Authors: Perdana Dony , Dadang Gabril Setiyawan  , Mochamad Choifin
Published: June 2024

Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh arah medan magnet dan tanpa pada pembakaran premix minyak kapuk terhadap karakteristik nyala api selama proses pembakaran. Minyak nabati sebagai pengganti bahan bakar minyak bumi sangat penting untuk dilakukan penelitian yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental skala laboratorium untuk mendapatkan evolusi, temperatur dan tinggi nyala api pada pembakaran premix dengan penambahan magnet. Minyak kapuk diisikan kedalam boiler sebesar 600 ml dan dipanaskan dengan suhu 300 oC, campuran uap minyak kapuk dengan udara ini direaksikan di ruang burner. Dua batang magnet permanen ditempatkan pada dua sisi ujung burner. Studi ini menemukan medan magnet tarik menghasilkan nyala api lebih bening, ramping dan temperatur tertinggi dibanding magnet tolak dan tanpa. Gaya lorent yang dihasilkan oleh medan magnet secara terus menerus memutuskan rantai kimia bahan bakar sehingga membuat denyutan magnetik pada nyala api. Udara yang mengandung oksigen disekitar burner memisahkan diri mengakibatkan elektron terlepas, sehingga menghasilkan temperatur nyala api semakin tinggi yang dihasilkan oleh reaksi pembakaran semakin cepat. Medan magnet di sekitar nyala api menginduksi aliran udara secara magnetis menimbulkan perpindahan panas disekeliling nyala api, sehingga menghasilkan ketinggian nyala api yang bervariasi.
SIMULASI PENGGUNAAN PANEL SURYA ATAP DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS POLITEKNIK BATULICIN
Authors: Rahmany Rijal Surya , Jefri Aldo  , Halim
Published: June 2024

Pemanfaatan energi fosil secara masif akan menyebabkan terjadinya penumpukan gas CO2 hasil pembakaran. Pemerintah Indonesia menargetkan penggunaan Energi terbarukan sebagai salah satu solusi. Potensi energi terbarukan yang bisa dipilih adalah energi surya. Namun, penggunaan panel surya memerlukan suatu perencanaan agar bisa beroperasi secara optimal sesuai keadaan daerah pemasangan. Karena itu, perlu adanya studi penggunaan panel surya pada atap bangunan gedung sebagai salah satu wujud nyata pemenuhan target yang telah ditetapkan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis kebutuhan energi listrik pada Gedung A Politeknik Batulicin (Polibali) dan simulasi penggunaan panel surya pada atap Gedung A Polibali untuk mendapatkan spesifikasi sistem yang bisa dibangun. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengukuran langsung data-data penggunaan listrik di Gedung A Polibali dan simulasi energi listrik yang bisa diproduksi dari pemasangan panel surya menggunakan perangkat lunak PVSol premium. Mempertimbangkan luasan atap, dipilih 180 modul panel surya dengan power rating 285 W per modul dan tilt angle sebesar 15 derajat, sehingga daya sistem yang disimulasikan adalah sebesar 51,3 kWp. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah, produksi energi listrik dari panel surya yang direncanakan, dapat melebihi kebutuhan konsumsi listrik keseluruhan Gedung A Polibali yang nilainya 26.512,9 kWh per tahun dengan produksi dari panel surya sebesar 75.217 kWh per tahun.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PNEUMATIK PLC TRAINER BERBASIS PEMOGRAMAN SOFTWARE FESTO FLUIDSIM 3.6
Authors: Hamzah Kamal , Gamayel Adhes , Zaenudin Mohamad , Saleh Yasya Khalif Perdana , Hidayat Nashrul Chanief
Published: June 2024

Dalam kontrol programmable logic controller (PLC) dan pneumatik diperlukan sebuah alat peraga berupa trainer yang dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan dasar dan memudahkan mahasiswa Teknik Mesin dalam memahami sistem kerja kontrol PLC dan pneumatik. Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk dapat melakukan simulasi gerak pneumatik dengan acuan simulasi pada pemrograman perangkat lunak Festo Fluidsim 3.6. Perancangan trainer ini ada 3 bagian utama yaitu rangka yang terbuat dari bahan besi, perangkat kontrol otomatis yang terprogram berupa PLC dan yang ketiga adalah perangkat gerak mekanik berupa rangkaian Pneumatik. Alat ini disatukan dalam sebuah sistem rangkaian yg kemudian diuji dengan 3 percobaan berdasarkan simulasi rangkaian yang dibuat pada perangkat lunak Festo Fluidsim 3.6. Hasil pengujian dari 3 percobaan simulasi didapat bahwa, sistem kontrol PLC dapat mengirimkan sinyal pada gerak mekanik silinder kerja tunggal. Sistem kontrol PLC juga dapat mengirimkan sinyal pada gerak mekanik silinder kerja ganda dengan gerak tidak simultan. Selain itu, sistem kontrol PLC dapat mengirimkan sinyal pada gerak mekanik silinder kerja ganda dengan gerak simultan. Dari pengujian didapat data bahwa jumlah gerak langkah silinder kerja tunggal lebih banyak dibandingkan pada silinder kerja ganda. Ketiga uji menunjukkan bahwa dapat menggerakkan silinder dengan baik divariasi flow control yaitu bukaan flow control 25, 50, 75 dan 100%.
ANALISIS VARIASI SUBSTRAT AIR CUCIAN BERAS DAN KULIT PISANG MICROBIAL FUEL CELL TERHADAP ARUS LISTRIK
Authors: Nugraha Andy , Nihin Aji , Syarief Akhmad
Published: June 2024

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) atau sel bahan bakar mikroba adalah teknologi yang memanfaatkan aktivitas biologis mikroorganisme untuk menghasilkan listrik dari energi organik berupa limbah. Limbah yang sering di jumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari beberapa diantaranya adalah air cucian beras dan limbah kulit pisang yang mudah di temukan dan sering dibuang tanpa dimanfaatkan padahal memiliki kandungan organik untuk sumber makanan bagi mikroba yang nantinya hasil metabolisme dari mikroba tersebut dapat dikonversikan untuk menghasilkan arus listrik di dalam sistem microbial fuel cell (MFC). Microbial fuel cell dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variasi substrat air cucian beras, kulit pisang dan substrat campuran antara air cucian beras dan kulit pisang serta variasi waktu inkubasi 3, 5 dan 7 hari. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa variasi substrat campuran antara air cucian beras dan kulit pisang (50%;50%) memiliki arus listrik yang paling besar yaitu 0,262 mA pada waktu inkubasi 5 hari. Pada semua variasi substrat secara umum terjadi kenaikan arus listrik pada waktu inkubasi hari ke 3 dan ke 5 dan terjadi penurunan pada hari ke 7.
EVALUASI UMUR SISA SHELL COOLER CL-5 DENGAN METODE FITNESS FOR SERVICE-1/API 579
Authors: Pujiyulianto Eko , Wardono Herry , Sukmana Irza , Hutama Saka Mahidaya , Paundra Fajar
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi umur sisa shell cooler CL-5 dengan metode fitness for service (FFS-1/API 579). Evaluasi dilakukan melalui proses  inspeksi komponen dengan metode Non Destructive Test (NDT). Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan ketebalan, dan analisis jenis korosi yang terjadi pada shell cooler CL-5, menghitung ketebalan shell minimum yang diizinkan, menghitung nilai Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP), menghitung laju korosi, menghitung umur sisa, dan menentukan kelayakan komponen tersebut untuk beroperasi. Perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan standar FFS-1/API 579. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa total loss pada tahun 2011 dan 2021 adalah 0,2 dan 0,414 mm. Laju korosi yang terjadi pada shell cooler CL-5 di tahun 2011 dan 2021 adalah 0,067 mm/tahun dan 0,13 mm/tahun. Berdasarkan evaluasi ketebalan minimum dan nilai MAWP, shell cooler CL-5 masih layak beroperasi. Analisis umur sisa shell cooler CL-5 menunjukan bahwa sisa umur shell cooler CL-5 di tahun 2011 dan 2021 adalah 7,81 tahun dan 6,83 tahun. Berdasarkan deskripsi diatas bahwa shell cooler CL-5 masih dapat dioperasikan.
METABOLIC SYNDROME IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AS A CRITERION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, LAPSHINA SVETLANA А. , FEYSKHANOVA LYUTCIYA I. ,   Kazan State Medical University, GARAEVA ALINA R. ,   Kazan State Medical University, KURBANOV ALBERT R. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic syndrome have common pathogenic mechanisms, thus mutually reinforcing each other, creating a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Objectives: study the effect of metabolic syndrome on the course of rheumatoid arthritis and the formation of cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. The study included a clinical evaluation of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (average age 55±12,4 years). The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome: 1st group – persons with metabolic syndrome (59 people, 59%) and 2nd group - persons without metabolic syndrome (41 patients, 41%). The received data were processed using the program STATISTICA 10. The differences in the indicators were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results. In 1st group, the activity of rheumatoid arthritis was higher (DAS-28 was 5.58±0.9) than in 2nd group (DAS-28 was 5.23±0.85) (p=0.02). The daily dose of steroids was higher in the group with metabolic syndrome: in terms of prednisone 7.5 [5; 10] mg versus 5 [5; 10] mg in the group without metabolic syndrome (p=0.013). Verified arterial hypertension was 3.8 times more common in the presence of metabolic syndrome. Left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy was 1.5 times more common in patients in the group with metabolic syndrome (35.9%), and it was noted both in combination with arterial hypertension and without it. In 1st group, left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, unrelated to hypertension, was found in 9 people (9.78%). In 2nd group, myocardial hypertrophy was associated with arterial hypertension in all patients. Conclusion. The presence of metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a higher activity of rheumatic disease. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, it contributes to an increase in cardiovascular risk, characterized by a higher incidence of hypertension (3.8 times), an increase n total cholesterol and an increase in left ventricular myocardial mass. In patients with a combination of rheumatoid arthritis and metabolic syndrome, myocardial hypertrophy was detected even in the absence of an increase in blood pressure, which dictates the need for echocardiography in this group of patients.
THE SEVERITY OF DEPRESSION AND ANDROGEN DEFICIENCY IN YOUNG MALES WITH STEMI, CORRESPONDING TO ANGIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS
Authors:   Perm State Medical University, TKACHENKO VYACHESLAV V. , KARPUNINA NATALYA S. ,   Perm State Medical University, KHLYNOVA OLGA V. ,   Perm State Medical University
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. In young age, due to low evidence and gender inequality, non-obstructive acute coronary syndrome including slow blood flow is in priority. Aim. The aim was to evaluate severity of depression and androgen deficiency in young men with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction due to atherothrombosis and slow flow phenomenon.Material and methods. 99 men aged 25 to 44 years, were observed: 60 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and slow flow phenomenon, 39 patients with infarction due to coronary artery occlusion. The study did not include patients with body mass index more than 35 kg/m2, diabetes, valve diseases, arrhythmias, conductive disorders, previous history of acute coronary syndrome and pre-hospital fibrinolysis, surgery on pelvic organs and scrotum, prostate cancer, congenital hypogonadism, taking steroids, chronic kidney and liver diseases with impaired function, refusal to participate. Subjective signs of androgen deficiency and erectile dysfunction were analyzed, as well as presence and severity of depression according to Beck's Depression Inventory. Serum levels of prolactin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, cortisol, sex steroid-binding globulin and free testosterone were measured.Results and discussion. Slow flow phenomenon patients had higher free testosterone and lower serum cortisol concentrations (p=0.04 and p=0.02). In the first group, mild erectile disfunction prevailed (35%), it was absent in 23.3% of respondents, severe disorders were noted in 13.3% of cases. In the second group, erectile disfunction was absent in 23.3%, and 36.7% of respondents had mild symptoms. 23.3% had moderate erectile disfunction. Males with severe and moderate symptoms of androgen deficiency prevailed in the second group. The absence of depression was found in 18.3% and 23.3% in both groups. Conclusion. High prevalence of depression in young men with type 1 myocardial infarction and with slow coronary blood flow has been established. Differences were found in levels of cortisol and free testosterone in groups, which did not correlate with subjective severity of erectile dysfunction symptoms. The results suggest that there is a relationship between estimated parameters, angiogram, and severity of myocardial damage in case of myocardial infarction in young men. To confirm this hypothesis, a prospective follow-up with assessment of one-year survival is required.
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, SHUBINA ANASTASIA T.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Nowadays, methods for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis are being improved, but at the same time, general clinical methods of laboratory diagnostics, which include a complete blood count, included in the diagnostic minimum of tuberculosis screening, do not lose their significance. Aim. The aim of the study is to evaluate the value of a complete blood count in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Material and methods. The parameters of the complete blood count were studied in 159 patients in the pulmonology department who were at the stage of differential diagnosis with tuberculosis. For analysis, indicators of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytes, lymphocytes and hemoglobin were selected. According to the diagnostic results, the diagnoses of pulmonary tuberculosis (n=119) and pneumonia (n=40) were verified. Statistical processing was carried out using the statistical software package IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. Results and discussion. In a comparative analysis of the complete blood count parameters of a group of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis and pneumonia, statistically significant differences were found in the average hemoglobin level (by 13.25 g/l more in tuberculosis, p<0.001) and the average level of leukocytes (by 4.44*109/l less with tuberculosis, p<0.001). When studying the dependence of changes in the main indicators of a clinical blood test in HIV-infected patients on the level of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, a direct correlation (r=0.451) between the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and the level of hemoglobin (p<0.001) was established, the lower the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes the lower the hemoglobin level. Conclusion. A complete blood count does not differentiate between pneumonia and tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection, but can be used in the algorithm for forming a risk group for tuberculosis in a pulmonology department. Being the most important laboratory test, it can evaluate the changes characteristic of inflammatory (infectious) lung diseases.
SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF MEDICO- HYGIENIC MEASURES TO REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, RADCHENKO OLGA R. , URAZMANOV ARTHUR R. ,   Kazan State Medical University, VALIEV RUSHAN I. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. In recent years, the fact that the health of children and adolescents is of great medical and social importance has become more and more obvious. The size of economic losses of a society in the future depends on it. Therefore, at present, a search is underway for effective ways to identify risk factors and develop preventive measures to reduce the incidence. Aim. Based on the analysis of morbidity and pathological lesion rates in children and adolescents of the Republic of Tatarstan, to propose evidence-based preventive measures to reduce the incidence of diseases of the digestive system. Material and methods. At the first stage, the structure of primary, general morbidity, pathological susceptibility (the share of diseases detected during preventive medical examinations) of children and adolescents in Kazan and the Republic of Tatarstan was studied, the most vulnerable age groups were identified and classes of diseases with the highest growth rate were identified. At the second stage, we studied the dynamics and prognosis of primary and general morbidity among adolescents in Kazan and the Republic of Tatarstan with diseases of the digestive system as one of the rapidly progressing diseases and proposed measures to reduce the incidence of digestive diseases. Results and discussion. In the structure o primary, general morbidity, pathological affection of children and adolescents in Kazan and the Republic of Tatarstan, the share of diseases of the digestive system occupies a leading position. The most vulnerable age group are teenagers. The dynamics and forecast of indicators of primary and general morbidity among adolescents in Kazan and the Republic of Tatarstan with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract shows that the situation will worsen towards an increase in the number of diseases if no measures are taken. Methods and ways for searching for risk factors for the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the adolescent population are proposed. A number of proposals were made to improve primary and secondary prevention, a concept was formulated for medical and hygienic monitoring of adolescents with the digestive system diseases for further diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this pathology. Conclusion. The results of the study made it possible to determine priorities in the development of preventive and therapeutic technologies and programs when working with adolescents with diseases of the digestive system.
APPLICATION OF THE ERAS PROTOCOL IN EMERGENCY SURGERY
Authors:   Republican Research Center of Emergency Medicine, Tashkent, ISHARIPOVA VISOLATKHON H.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The successful application of the ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol in elective surgery stimulates many researches to think about implementation in emergency surgery for the early recovery of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Aim. Analysis of scientific medical literature on the use of the ERAS protocol (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) in patients undergoing emergency surgery. Material and methods. A review and analysis of current scientific data about the use of the ERAS protocol in patients with homeostasis disorders in need of emergency surgical inter- vention in the PubMed and Google Scholar search databases was carried out. Results and discussion. Publication about the using of ERAS protocol in emergency surgical pathology is aimed at patients with a stable general condition. The complexity of applying the concept of recovery of patients after emergency surgery lies in the fact that the doctors are faced with a patient with disturbed homeostasis, which arose as a result of a catastrophe in the abdominal cavity. Without the possibility of preop- erative preparation due to the urgency of the surgical intervention, the anesthesiologist is not able adhere to the concept in the preoperative period. Sepsis, septic shock and the severity of the patient conditions, intoxication, hypovolemia, comorbidity, the inability to use mini-invasive surgery limits the possibility of using the ERAS concept in emergency surgical care. Conclusion. There is a need to introduce adapted ERAS protocols in emergency surgery, because such protocols would provide positive and promising results in the treatment of this category of patients.
NEW APPROACHES IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED DESTRUCTIVE APPENDICITIS
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, MALKOV IGOR S.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The treatment of complicated forms of acute destructive appendicitis remains an urgent problem of urgent abdominal surgery. Aim. The aim of our investigation was to substantiate the use of VAC-therapy to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with acute destructive appendicitis complicated by typhlitis and periappendicular abscess. Material and methods. The present investigation is based on the results analysis of 84 patients aged from 17 to 78 years with acute destructive appendicitis, complicated by typhlitis and periappendicular abscess, being treated at the department of surgery 2 of the State Medical Institution City Clinical Hospital 7 of Kazan. Open ligature appendectomy was performed in all cases due to pronounced infiltration of the cecum dome. Two groups of patients were singled out according to the method of ОБМЕН ОПЫТОМ ВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2021 Том 15, вып. 2ВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2022 Том 15, вып. 4110 surgical intervention completion. In 54 patients of the comparison group the surgical intervention was terminated by gauze- gingival drainage of the appendix bed, since there was a high probability of appendix residual limb failure and necessity of purulent process isolation from the free abdominal cavity. Penrose drainage was removed through the surgical wound. In addition, the pelvis was drained through the contraperitoneum with a tubular drain. In 30 patients of the main group after appendectomy for abdominal cavity drainage we connected a Vacuum–assisted closure-system using Vivano apparatus and consumables of Hartman, Germany. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Statistiсa 10 software package and Miсrosoft Exсel 2010. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results and discussion. Analysis of the used surgical techniques showed that in the main group the wound postoperative complications decreased by 3 times and were 23,3%; formation of the abdominal cavity infiltrates was 2 times less; period of hospitalization decreased by 1,8 times. Conclusion. Ease of implementation of VAC-therapy method, therapeutic and economic feasibility allow us to recommend it as the final stage of treatment of acute destructive appendicitis complicated by typhlitis and periappendicular abscess
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANNEXIN A5 LEVEL AND THE REGRESSION OF PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SARS-COV-2- ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AT THE OUTPATIENT STAGE
Authors:   Clinical hospital of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation in Republic of Tatarstan, FADEEV GRIGORIY A , TSIBULKIN NICOLAY A. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, ZAKIROVA ELVIRA B. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan, FAIZULLINA GULNARA G. ,   Clinical hospital of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation in Republic of Tatarstan, GAYNUTDINOVA LEYSAN I. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 7, Kazan
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Coronary heart disease is one of frequent nosological forms in clinical practice. It is based on atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, main element of which are atherosclerotic plaques. Proliferation of plaques in lumen of vessel leads to its stenosis. Usually coronary atherosclerosis has progressive course, which manifests itself in change in internal composition of plaque. Progression of atherosclerosis is also reflected in increase in degree of calcification of coronary arteries, which can be characterized by degree of calcification. Calcification index is indicator of prevalence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions of coronary bed. Aim. To compare indicators characterizing severity of coronary artery stenosis and calcification according to coronary computed tomography angiography in patients with coronary heart disease. Material and methods. Study included 56 patients. Indicators of calcification of coronary arteries (calcium index of left descending artery, left circumflex artery, right coronary artery, Agatson index), as well as degree of coronary artery stenosis were used. Results and discussion. Degree of calcification was highest in left descending artery, lowest calcification in left circumflex artery, and in right coronary artery calcium index had intermediate value. Regression analysis was used to determine relation of severity of calcification of coronary arteries and degree of their stenosis. Values of these indicators showed significant dependence. In proximal segments of all arteries this dependence is linear. In distal segments of all arteries dependence of stenosis and calcification had form of non-linear regression. Conclusion. Coronary arteries have different severity of calcification: it is most pronounced in left descending artery. Degree of stenosis and calcification demonstrate different variants of relationship depending on artery and segments.
IS IT NECESSARY TO DETERMINE HIGHLY SENSITIVE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE: CLINICAL AND PROGNOSTIC ASPECTS
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHAZOVA ELENA V. , BULASHOVA OLGA V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, AMIROV NAIL B. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is an established marker of systemic inflammation and is associated with the severity and outcomes of chronic heart failure. Aim. The aim of the work is to evaluate the clinical characteristics and long-term 5-year prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin in relation to the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Material and methods. The study included 296 patients of both sexes with stable chronic heart failure of ischemic origin. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and the risk of events within 5 years in patients with chronic heart failure with different levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Results and discussion. The median concentration of high- sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin was 3.21 [1.48; 7.59] mg/l. In 52.1% of patients with chronic heart failure, the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein exceeded 3 mg/l, in 31% of patients, high- sensitivity C-reactive protein was in the range of 1-3 mg/l, in 16.9% of patients, the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein did not exceed 1 mg/l. Patients with chronic heart failure who had previously had a cerebral stroke had higher levels of high- sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with chronic heart failure only (5.88 [2.69; 8.94] mg/l and 3.1 [1.31; 7.15] mg/l, p=0.018). Correlations were found between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein values and body mass index (rs=0.181, p=0.005), quality of ife in patients with chronic heart failure (rs=0.159, p=0.019), glucose levels (rs=0.143, p=0.028), creatinine (rs=0.153, p=0.019), uric acid (rs= 0.188, p=0.008), hemoglobin (rs= - 0.148, p=0.022). According to the ROC analysis, the value of hs CRP 3.59 mg/l can be considered as a marker of death in patients with chronic heart failure (sensitivity - 61.8%, specificity - 56.7%). An analysis of the outcomes of patients with chronic heart failure over 5 years demonstrates a greater risk of death in patients with chronic heart failure with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein more than 3 mg/l, compared with patients with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein less than 3 mg/l (OR = 2.86, CI 1.164- 7.038) and with patients with levels less than 1 mg/l was (OR=0.18, CI 0.05-0.74).
COVID-19 AND SARCOIDOSIS: COMORBIDITY, CONSEQUENCES, CAUSE-AND-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS. A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, VIZEL ALEXANDER A.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Sarcoidosis and COVID-9 are diseases in which the response of the human immune system plays a significant role in the pathogenesis. Descriptions of cases of a combination of these diseases and the development of a granulomatous reaction in those who have undergone COVID-19 make it relevant to study these two diseases. Aim. The aim of the work was to analyze publications available in electronic libraries that included information about patients with sarcoidosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. A search was conducted in the domestic electronic library E-library, as well as PubMed / Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar for two keywords “COVID-19” and “sarcoidosis”. 47 papers were selected and analyzed. Results and discussion. An analysis of basic research indicates the possibility of mutual influence of these diseases at the level of cytokines, enzymes and immune system reactions. Moreover, 33 common differentially expressed genes have been identified. When diagnosing sarcoidosis and COVID-19 using computed tomography, similar patterns were noted, with the exception of focal dissemination, which is characteristic only for sarcoidosis. Hopes are placed on software capable of self-learning based on verified cases. The incidence of COVID-19 in patients with sarcoidosis ranged from 0.34% to 4%. The course of COVID-19 in these patients was not severe or threatening, with the exception of elderly patients with initially severe sarcoidosis with ventilatory insufficiency and comorbidities. In the post-covid period, cases of sarcoidosis or sarcoid reactions that developed after recovery have been described. Similar reactions have been described after vaccination against coronavirus infection. These facts also testify in favor of the generality of immunological and metabolic changes that determine the mutual influence of diseases. Conclusion. The combination of sarcoidosis and COVID-19 occurred during the pandemic, but in most cases did not lead to mutual aggravation of the conditions. The development of granulomatous processes after COVID-19 and vaccination against this disease makes further fundamental research aimed at finding common links in the pathogenesis of these diseases relevant.