bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Neuropsychological Profile of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Lewy Body Dementias
Authors: Ciafone Joanna , Little Bethany , Thomas Alan J. , Gallagher Peter
Published: December 2019

Objectives:

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) have substantial clinical and biological overlap, with cognitive deficits typically observed in the executive and visuospatial domains. However, the neuropsychological profiles of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with these disorders are not well understood.

Methods:

This systematic review examined existing literature on cognition in MCI due to LB disease (MCI-LB) and PD (PD-MCI) using an electronic search of seven databases (Medline, Embase, Psychinfo, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and ScienceDirect). MCI-LB results were reviewed narratively given the small number of resulting papers (n = 7). Outcome variables from PD-MCI studies (n = 13) were extracted for meta-analysis of standardised mean differences (SMD).

Results:

In MCI-LB, executive dysfunction and slowed processing speed were the most prominent impairments, while visuospatial and working memory (WM) functions were also poor. MCI-LB scored significantly lower on verbal memory tests relative to controls, but significantly higher than patients with MCI due to Alzheimer’s disease. Quantitative analysis of studies in PD-MCI showed a similar profile of impairment, with the largest deficits in visuospatial function (Benton Judgement of Line Orientation, SMD g = −2.09), executive function (Trail Making Test B, SMD g = −1.65), verbal ability (Naming Tests, SMD g = −0.140), and WM (Trail Making Test A, SMD g = −1.20). In both MCI-LB and PD-MCI, verbal and visuospatial memory retrieval was impaired, while encoding and storage appeared relatively intact.

Conclusions:

The findings of this systematic review indicate similar neuropsychological profiles in the MCI stages of DLB and PDD. Executive impairment may at least partially explain poor performance in other domains.
Anarchistic action. Social organization and dynamics in southern Scandinavia from the Iron Age to the Middle Ages
Authors: Borake Trine Louise
Published: December 2019

A general interest in centralized institutions, state formation and prestige objects has dominated research on social organization and dynamics in Scandinavia from the Late Iron Age to the Middle Ages. Accordingly, a focus on kingly power, aristocratic influence, hierarchies and warrior might has dominated archaeological research designs for the last forty years. Subsequently, other perspectives have been evaded and their significance has been diminished. In this article, I use anarchistic principles as an analytic perspective and present examples of anarchistic actions – network organization, justified leaders and decentralization – drawing on well-known but ambiguous phenomena such as thing sites, the southern Danish defence system Danevirke, and migration and mobility. I suggest a perspective that recognizes resistance, authority and decentralization as well as centralization and institutionalization, allowing a broad spectrum of social engagement and interrelations to influence social organization. I will argue that human intentionality has been overlooked in favour of structures and institutions, and that the power of network organization and decentralization is influential in shaping social organization and dynamics.
Evaluation and Comparison of MODIS Collection 6.1 and Collection 6 Dark Target Aerosol Optical Depth over Mainland China Under Various Conditions Including Spatiotemporal Distribution, Haze Effects, and Underlying Surface
Authors: Huang Y. , Zhu B. , Zhu Z. , Zhang T. , Gong W. , Ji Y. , Xia X. , Wang L. , Zhou X. , Chen D.
Published: December 2019

Modifications such as degrading the retrieval quality of mixed pixels in the coastline area and revising surface characterization scheme have been made to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6.1 (C6.1) Dark Target (DT) aerosol optical depth (AOD) product to address inaccuracy over urban areas. In this study, comprehensive evaluations of modifications to the MODIS C6.1 DT AOD product, in comparison with Collection 6 (C6), are conducted over mainland China under different spatial distributions, seasons, and air quality for the period 2010–2017, combined with validation against Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD measurements. The preliminary result showed that the C6.1 DT AOD product in China displayed an overall good performance with high R2 (0.87) and low root‐mean‐square error (0.23) against ground measurements. Moreover, the C6.1 DT AOD product was an overall improvement over C6, with greater correlation and lower uncertainty against ground measurements, especially for the North China Plain and Central China, although this was not the case for Western China. The improvement was also seasonal, being distinct in spring but less pronounced in winter, and negatively correlated with the level of air pollution. Furthermore, the analysis of DT AOD retrievals in different urbanized areas illustrated that the updated DT algorithm worked well in completely urbanized areas, where 97% of C6.1 DT AOD retrievals were an improvement over C6, while approximately 10% of C6.1 DT AOD retrievals were deteriorated in semiurbanized areas. Additionally, the DT AOD retrievals in areas with relatively low enhanced vegetation index and high surface reflectance were significantly improved, mitigating problems associated with the DT algorithm, further improving the reliability of MODIS DT AOD products.
Implementation of a Modified Adaptive Covariance Inflation Scheme for the Big Data‐Driven NLS‐4DVar Algorithm
Authors: Tian Xiangjun , Zhang Hongqin
Published: December 2019

The adaptive inflation scheme is critical for avoiding underestimation of ensemble‐estimated error variances. In this study, we expanded a spatially and temporally varying adaptive inflation scheme proposed within the framework of the local ensemble transform Kalman filter to a global version to facilitate its application in four‐dimensional ensemble‐variational (4DEnVar) data assimilation methods. We adopted an efficient local correlation matrix decomposition approach to enhance its computation efficiency and then implemented the modified adaptive inflation scheme using the big data‐driven nonlinear least squares 4‐D variational (BD‐NLS4DVar) data assimilation method to improve its robustness. The ensemble analysis scheme of the BD‐NLS4DVar method with the modified adaptive inflation scheme was able to adjust the ensemble spreads and error covariances more accurately. Several groups of observing system simulation experiments based on 2‐D shallow‐water equations demonstrated that the BD‐NLS4DVar method implemented with the modified adaptive inflation scheme provides some performance improvement over the standard BD‐NLS4DVar method with no inflation.
Timing Matters for Rockfall Estimates
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: December 2019

Researchers studying an eroding coastal cliff detected 10 times more rockfall events when monitoring surveys were conducted hourly versus monthly.
Dynamic Stressing of Naturally Fractured Rocks: On the Relation Between Transient Changes in Permeability and Elastic Wave Velocity
Authors: Shokouhi Parisa , Jin Jiang , Wood Clay , Rivière Jacques , Madara Benjamin , Elsworth Derek , Marone Chris
Published: December 2019

We report on laboratory experiments designed to explore the fundamental processes that impact fluid permeability during drilling and fluid injection. Coupled ultrasonic and permeability measurements are presented for Westerly granite samples fractured in situ and used to illuminate the relationship between nonlinear dynamic stiffness and fracture permeability indexed via fracture aperture. We perturb the effective stress field using normal stress and pore pressure oscillations. The velocity of ultrasonic waves transmitted across the fracture is used to infer the evolution of elastic properties and the fracture nonlinearity. Changes in permeability are measured concurrently. We observe that relative changes in wave velocity and permeability, due to both normal stress and pore pressure oscillations, are correlated, such that larger drops in wave velocity (higher nonlinearity) correspond to larger increases in permeability. Our observations suggest that dynamic stressing is more likely to enhance the permeability of fractures that exhibit greater nonlinearity.
Kinetic modelling of quantitative proteome data predicts metabolic reprogramming of liver cancer
Authors: Berndt Nikolaus , Egners Antje , Mastrobuoni Guido , Vvedenskaya Olga , Fragoulis Athanassios , Dugourd Aurélien , Bulik Sascha , Pietzke Matthias , Bielow Chris , van Gassel Rob , Damink Steven W. Olde , Erdem Merve , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Holzhütter Hermann-Georg , Kempa Stefan , Cramer Thorsten
Published: December 2019

Background

Metabolic alterations can serve as targets for diagnosis and cancer therapy. Due to the highly complex regulation of cellular metabolism, definite identification of metabolic pathway alterations remains challenging and requires sophisticated experimentation.

Methods

We applied a comprehensive kinetic model of the central carbon metabolism (CCM) to characterise metabolic reprogramming in murine liver cancer.

Results

We show that relative differences of protein abundances of metabolic enzymes obtained by mass spectrometry can be used to assess their maximal velocity values. Model simulations predicted tumour-specific alterations of various components of the CCM, a selected number of which were subsequently verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of the kinetic model to identify metabolic pathways whose inhibition results in selective tumour cell killing.

Conclusions

Our systems biology approach establishes that combining cellular experimentation with computer simulations of physiology-based metabolic models enables a comprehensive understanding of deregulated energetics in cancer. We propose that modelling proteomics data from human HCC with our approach will enable an individualised metabolic profiling of tumours and predictions of the efficacy of drug therapies targeting specific metabolic pathways.
Disulfide bond-disrupting agents activate the tumor necrosis family-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/death receptor 5 pathway
Authors: Wang Mengxiong , Law Mary E. , Davis Bradley J. , Yaaghubi Elham , Ghilardi Amanda F. , Ferreira Renan B. , Chiang Chi-Wu , Guryanova Olga A. , Kopinke Daniel , Heldermon Coy D. , Castellano Ronald K. , Law Brian K.
Published: December 2019

Disulfide bond-disrupting agents (DDAs) are a new chemical class of agents recently shown to have activity against breast tumors in animal models. Blockade of tumor growth is associated with downregulation of EGFR, HER2, and HER3 and reduced Akt phosphorylation, as well as the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, it is not known how DDAs trigger cancer cell death without affecting nontransformed cells. As demonstrated here, DDAs are the first compounds identified that upregulate the TRAIL receptor DR5 through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms to activate the extrinsic cell death pathway. At the protein level, DDAs alter DR5 disulfide bonding to increase steady-state DR5 levels and oligomerization, leading to downstream caspase 8 and 3 activation. DDAs and TRAIL synergize to kill cancer cells and are cytotoxic to HER2+ cancer cells with acquired resistance to the EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Lapatinib. Investigation of the mechanisms responsible for DDA selectivity for cancer cells reveals that DDA-induced upregulation of DR5 is enhanced in the context of EGFR overexpression. DDA-induced cytotoxicity is strongly amplified by MYC overexpression. This is consistent with the known potentiation of TRAIL-mediated cell death by MYC. Together, the results demonstrate selective DDA lethality against oncogene-transformed cells, DDA-mediated DR5 upregulation, and protein stabilization, and that DDAs have activity against drug-resistant cancer cells. Our results indicate that DDAs are unique in causing DR5 accumulation and oligomerization and inducing downstream caspase activation and cancer cell death through mechanisms involving altered DR5 disulfide bonding. DDAs thus represent a new therapeutic approach to cancer therapy.
Multi-cell Monte Carlo method for phase prediction
Authors: Niu Changning , Rao You , Windl Wolfgang , Ghazisaeidi Maryam
Published: December 2019

We propose a Multi-Cell Monte Carlo algorithm, or (MC)$${}^{2}$$2, for predicting stable phases in chemically complex crystalline systems. This algorithm takes advantage of multiple cells to represent possible phases, while eliminating the size and concentration restrictions in the previous counterparts. Free atomic transfer among cells is achieved via the application of the lever rule, where an assigned molar ratio virtually controls the percentage of each cell in the overall simulation, making (MC)$${}^{2}$$2 the first successful algorithm for simulating phase coexistence in crystalline solids. During the application of this method, all energies are directly computed via density functional theory calculations. We test the method by successful prediction of the stable phases of known binary systems. We then apply the method to a quaternary high-entropy alloy. The method is particularly powerful in predicting stable phases of multicomponent systems, for which phase diagrams do not exist.
Topological electronic states in HfRuP family superconductors
Authors: Qian Yuting , Nie Simin , Yi Changjiang , Kong Lingyuan , Fang Chen , Qian Tian , Ding Hong , Shi Youguo , Wang Zhijun , Weng Hongming , Fang Zhong
Published: December 2019

Based on the first-principles calculations and experimental measurements, we report that the hexagonal phase of ternary transition metal pnictides TT’X (T=Zr, Hf; T’=Ru; X=P, As), which are well-known noncentrosymmetric superconductors with relatively high transition temperatures, host nontrivial bulk topology. Before the superconducting phase transition, we find that HfRuP belongs to a Weyl semimetal phase with 12 pairs of type-II Weyl points, while ZrRuAs, ZrRuP and HfRuAs belong to a topological crystalline insulating phase with trivial Fu-Kane $${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$

Z

2

indices but nontrivial mirror Chern numbers. High-quality single crystal samples of the noncentrosymmetric superconductors with these two different topological states have been obtained and the superconductivity is verified experimentally. The wide-range band structures of ZrRuAs have been identified by ARPES and reproduced by theoretical calculations. Combined with intrinsic superconductivity, the nontrivial topology of the normal state may generate unconventional superconductivity in both bulk and surfaces. Our findings could largely inspire the experimental searching for possible topological superconductivity in these compounds.
Synthesis and degradation kinetics of TiO2/GO composites with highly efficient activity for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of MB
Authors: Wang Ruifen , Shi Kaixuan , Huang Dong , Zhang Jing , An Shengli
Published: December 2019

Poriferous TiO2/GO (denoted as TGO-x%) photocatalysts with ultrathin grapheme oxide (GO) layer were prepared by a hydrothermal method, the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation and its kinetics about Methylene blue(MB) were studied systematically. All the TGO-x% showed improved adsorption and photodegradation performance. TGO-25% had excellent adsorptivity while TGO-20% exhibit the highest visible light photocatalytic degradation activity. The adsorption capacity for TGO-25% was 20.25 mg/gcatalyst along with the k1 was about 0.03393 min·gcatalyst/mg, this enhancement was mainly owing to the strong adsorption capacity of GO and the stacking structure of sheets and nanoparticles. GO sheets prevented the agglomeration of TiO2 particles and TiO2 nanoparticles also prevented the agglomeration of GO sheets, which could provides greater surface area. Besides, the remarkably superior photodegradation activity of TiO2/GO composites is mainly attribute to the strong absorption of visible light and the effective charge separation revealed by the photoluminescence, the total removal rate of MB is 97.5% after 35 min adsorption and 140 min degradation, which is 3.5 times higher than that of TiO2.
Childhood motor performance is increased by participation in organized sport: the CHAMPS Study-DK
Authors: Vallence Ann-Maree , Hebert Jeffrey , Jespersen Eva , Klakk Heidi , Rexen Christina , Wedderkopp Niels
Published: December 2019

Evidence suggests that motor performance in children is declining globally. We tested whether participation in organized sport is associated with motor performance, and estimate the effect of 30 months participation in organized sport on motor performance. Study participants were 1067 primary school students, enrolled in the Danish Childhood Health, Activity, and Motor Performance School study. Participation in organized sport was reported via text messaging. Coordination-related motor performance composite, fitness-related motor performance composite, and total motor performance composite were calculated. Data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations. Participation in organized sport was positively associated with motor performance (all composites) in models that did and did not control for baseline motor performance. For models that did not control for baseline motor performance, this equated to 2–6% increases in motor performance per weekly sport session; for models that did control for baseline motor performance, this equated to 1–5% increases in motor performance per weekly sport session. Positive associations between participation in organized sport and motor performance identify participation in organized sport as a way to improve motor performance in children. These results might provide the basis to determine whether participation in organized sport could be beneficial for children with developmental movement disorders.
The IL17F His161Arg polymorphism, a potential risk locus for psoriasis, increases serum levels of interleukin-17F in an Asian population
Authors: Choi Byung Gon , Hong Ji Youn , Hong Joo Ran , Hur Min Seok , Kim Sung Min , Lee Yang Won , Choe Yong Beom , Ahn Kyu Joong
Published: December 2019

Interleukin 17 (IL-17) plays pivotal role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In a previous study, we identified a locus in the IL17F gene that is associated with psoriasis, the IL17F rs763780 (His161Arg) T/C variant. The current study aimed to elucidate the association between this polymorphism and psoriasis, and to determine its effect on serum levels of cytokine. A total of 116 psoriasis patients and 97 healthy volunteers were recruited. Genotyping analysis was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and serum levels of cytokine were measured using a multiplex immunoassay. The IL17F His161Arg polymorphism was significantly associated with psoriasis based on the genotype and allele analyses. Psoriasis patients harbouring the mutant allele had significantly increased serum levels of IL-17F. Our results suggest that this polymorphism is a potential risk locus for psoriasis and that it results in a direct increase in IL-17F production.
Hema-Functionalized Graphene Oxide: a Versatile Nanofiller for Poly(Propylene Fumarate)-Based Hybrid Materials
Authors: Vasile Eugeniu , Pandele Andreea M. , Andronescu Corina , Selaru Aida , Dinescu Sorina , Costache Marieta , Hanganu Anamaria , Raicopol Matei D. , Teodorescu Mircea
Published: December 2019

Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) is a linear unsaturated polyester which has been widely investigated for tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In order to extend the range of possible applications and enhance its mechanical properties, current approaches consist in the incorporation of various fillers or obtaining blends with other polymers. In the current study we designed a reinforcing agent based on carboxylated graphene oxide (GO-COOH) grafted with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (GO@HEMA) for poly(propylene fumarate)/poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PPF/PEGDMA), in order to enhance the nanofiller adhesion and compatibility with the polymer matrix, and in the same time to increase the crosslinking density. The covalent modification of GO-COOH was proved by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical properties, water uptake capacity, morphology, biodegradability, mineralization and in vitro cytotoxicity of PPF/PEGDMA hybrid materials containing GO@HEMA were investigated. A 14-fold increase of the compressive modulus and a 2-fold improvement in compressive strength were observed after introduction of the nanofiller. Moreover, the decrease in sol fraction and solvent swelling in case of the hybrid materials containing GO@HEMA suggests an increase of the crosslinking density. SEM images illustrate an exfoliated structure at lower nanofiller content and a tendency for agglomeration at higher concentrations. Finally, the synthesized hybrid materials proved non-cytotoxic to murine pre-osteoblast cells and induced the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals under mineralization conditions.
WGS-based telomere length analysis in Dutch family trios implicates stronger maternal inheritance and a role for RRM1 gene
Authors: Nersisyan Lilit , Nikoghosyan Maria ,   The Genome of the Netherlands consortium, Francioli Laurent C. , Menelaou Androniki , Pulit Sara L. , Elbers Clara C. , Kloosterman Wigard P. , van Setten Jessica , Nijman Isaäc J. , Renkens Ivo , de Bakker Paul I. W. , van Dijk Freerk , Neerincx Pieter B. T. , Deelen Patrick , Kanterakis Alexandros , Dijkstra Martijn , Byelas Heorhiy , van der Velde K. Joeri , Platteel Mathieu , Swertz Morris A. , Wijmenga Cisca , Palamara Pier Francesco , Pe’er Itsik , Ye Kai , Ye Kai , Lameijer Eric-Wubbo , Moed Matthijs H. , Beekman Marian , de Craen Anton J. M. , Suchiman H. Eka D. , Slagboom P. Eline , Guryev Victor , Abdellaoui Abdel , Jan Hottenga Jouke , Kattenberg Mathijs , Willemsen Gonneke , Boomsma Dorret I. , van Leeuwen Elisabeth M. , Karssen Lennart C. , Amin Najaf , Rivadeneira Fernando , Isaacs Aaron , Hofman Albert , Uitterlinden André G. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , van Oven Mannis , Kayser Manfred , Vermaat Martijn , Laros Jeroen F. J. , den Dunnen Johan T. , van Enckevort David , Mei Hailiang , Li Mingkun , Stoneking Mark , van Schaik Barbera D. C. , Bot Jan , Marschall Tobias , Schönhuth Alexander , Hehir-Kwa Jayne Y. , Handsaker Robert E. , Polak Paz , Sohail Mashaal , Vuzman Dana , Estrada Karol , McCarroll Steven A. , Sunyaev Shamil R. , Hormozdiari Fereydoun , Koval Vyacheslav , Medina-Gomez Carolina , Oostra Ben , Veldink Jan H. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Pitts Steven J. , Potluri Shobha , Sundar Purnima , Cox David R. , de Knijff Peter , Li Qibin , Li Yingrui , Du Yuanping , Chen Ruoyan , Cao Hongzhi , Wang Jun , Li Ning , Cao Sujie , Bovenberg Jasper A. , van Ommen Gert-Jan B. , Arakelyan Arsen
Published: December 2019

Telomere length (TL) regulation is an important factor in ageing, reproduction and cancer development. Genetic, hereditary and environmental factors regulating TL are currently widely investigated, however, their relative contribution to TL variability is still understudied. We have used whole genome sequencing data of 250 family trios from the Genome of the Netherlands project to perform computational measurement of TL and a series of regression and genome-wide association analyses to reveal TL inheritance patterns and associated genetic factors. Our results confirm that TL is a largely heritable trait, primarily with mother’s, and, to a lesser extent, with father’s TL having the strongest influence on the offspring. In this cohort, mother’s, but not father’s age at conception was positively linked to offspring TL. Age-related TL attrition of 40 bp/year had relatively small influence on TL variability. Finally, we have identified TL-associated variations in ribonuclease reductase catalytic subunit M1 (RRM1 gene), which is known to regulate telomere maintenance in yeast. We also highlight the importance of multivariate approach and the limitations of existing tools for the analysis of TL as a polygenic heritable quantitative trait.
Deep learning and taphonomy: high accuracy in the classification of cut marks made on fleshed and defleshed bones using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Cifuentes-Alcobendas Gabriel , Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel
Published: December 2019

Accurate identification of bone surface modifications (BSM) is crucial for the taphonomic understanding of archaeological and paleontological sites. Critical interpretations of when humans started eating meat and animal fat or when they started using stone tools, or when they occupied new continents or interacted with predatory guilds impinge on accurate identifications of BSM. Until now, interpretations of Plio-Pleistocene BSM have been contentious because of the high uncertainty in discriminating among taphonomic agents. Recently, the use of machine learning algorithms has yielded high accuracy in the identification of BSM. A branch of machine learning methods based on imaging, computer vision (CV), has opened the door to a more objective and accurate method of BSM identification. The present work has selected two extremely similar types of BSM (cut marks made on fleshed an defleshed bones) to test the immense potential of artificial intelligence methods. This CV approach not only produced the highest accuracy in the classification of these types of BSM until present (95% on complete images of BSM and 88.89% of images of only internal mark features), but it also has enabled a method for determining which inconspicuous microscopic features determine successful BSM discrimination. The potential of this method in other areas of taphonomy and paleobiology is enormous.
Effect of Indian Ocean–Pacific SST Pattern in Autumn on Winter Wheat Climatic Yield in the North China Plain in the Following Year and a Possible Mechanism
Authors: Xie Qingyan , Li Jianping
Published: December 2019

Ensuring stable crop yield increases to meet rising demand is an important issue globally, particularly when accounting for climate change. In this study, using observations, reanalysis datasets, and the Hodrick and Prescott filter method, we find that changes in a distinct pattern of Indian Ocean–Pacific five-pole (IPFP) SST (sea surface temperature) are strongly linked to the ensuing year’s winter wheat climatic yield (the part of yield that fluctuation caused by climatic factors change) in the North China Plain (NCP), which is the main production region of winter wheat in China. Here we define a normalized IPFP index (IPFPI) and demonstrate that the autumn IPFPI (1948–2014) is well correlated with the ensuing year’s winter wheat climatic yield (1949–2015), particularly for October (r = 0.69; n = 67; P < 0.001). A composite analysis shows that the October IPFP is correlated with sowing-period and emergence-period climate factors in the NCP. When the October IPFP is in a positive phase, the atmosphere geopotential height fields and water vapor flux are bebefitial to rainfall formation in NCP, and the precipitation and soil moisture are higher in NCP and benefit winter wheat growth, thus increasing the climatic yield. In addition, accumulated rainfall and soil water content might influence winter wheat growth from sowing and emergence (autumn) to the returning green stage (following spring).
Environmental DNA concentrations are correlated with regional biomass of Atlantic cod in oceanic waters
Authors: Salter Ian , Joensen Mourits , Kristiansen Regin , Steingrund Petur , Vestergaard Poul
Published: December 2019

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a powerful approach for studying marine fisheries and has the potential to negate some of the drawbacks of trawl surveys. However, successful applications in oceanic waters have to date been largely focused on qualitative descriptions of species inventories. Here we conducted a quantitative eDNA survey of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in oceanic waters and compared it with results obtained from a standardized demersal trawl survey. Detection of eDNA originating from Atlantic cod was highly concordant (80%) with trawl catches. We observed significantly positive correlations between the regional integrals of Atlantic cod biomass (kg) and eDNA quantities (copies) (R2 = 0.79, P = 0.003) and between sampling effort-normalised Catch Per Unit Effort (kg hr−1) and eDNA concentrations (copies L−1) (R2 = 0.71, P = 0.008). These findings extend the potential application of environmental DNA to regional biomass assessments of commercially important fish stocks in the ocean.
Aggressive dominance can decrease behavioral complexity on subordinates through synchronization of locomotor activities
Authors: Alcala Rocio Soledad , Caliva Jorge Martin , Flesia Ana Georgina , Marin Raul Hector , Kembro Jackelyn Melissa
Published: December 2019

Social environments are known to influence behavior. Moreover, within small social groups, dominant/subordinate relationships frequently emerge. Dominants can display aggressive behaviors towards subordinates and sustain priority access to resources. Herein, Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were used, given that they establish hierarchies through frequent aggressive interactions. We apply a combination of different mathematical tools to provide a precise quantification of the effect of social environments and the consequence of dominance at an individual level on the temporal dynamics of behavior. Main results show that subordinates performed locomotion dynamics with stronger long-range positive correlations in comparison to birds that receive few or no aggressions from conspecifics (more random dynamics). Dominant birds and their subordinates also showed a high level of synchronization in the locomotor pattern, likely emerging from the lack of environmental opportunities to engage in independent behavior. Findings suggest that dominance can potentially modulate behavioral dynamics through synchronization of locomotor activities.
Effect of quasiparticle excitations and exchange-correlation in Coulomb drag in graphene
Authors: Fandan Rajveer , Pedrós Jorge , Guinea Francisco , Boscá Alberto , Calle Fernando
Published: December 2019

Coulomb drag in double layer graphene systems separated by an h-BN interlayer allows probing of the electron-electron interactions in the effective limit of zero layer separation. Although these interactions can be influenced by plasmons, phonons and exchange and correlation effects, these excitations have never been studied altogether, missing the effects of their coupling on the drag physics. Here we study theoretically the effects of these quasiparticles and their coupling, including also the effects of the electronic exchange and correlation, and demonstrate that the drag resistivity can attain a maximum value at room temperature and beyond, where hybridized plasmon-phonon modes contribute significantly. In particular, the hybridization of the plasmons with the hyperbolic phonons of h-BN, confined within the reststrahlen bands, enhance the drag resistivity. This study paves the way for the exploration of novel many-body physics phenomena in systems coupled through emerging 2D hyperbolic materials.
Comparison of activation processes for 3D printed PLA-graphene electrodes: electrochemical properties and application for sensing of dopamine
Authors: Kalinke Cristiane , Neumsteir Naile Vacilotto , Aparecido Gabriel de Oliveira , Ferraz Thiago Vasconcelos de Barros , dos Santos Pãmyla Layene , Janegitz Bruno Campos , Bonacin Juliano Alves
Published: December 2019

This paper reports the comparison of the electrochemical properties of 3D PLA-graphene electrodes (PLA-G) under different activation conditions and through different processes.
Correction: Bioengineering a pre-vascularized pouch for subsequent islet transplantation using VEGF-loaded polylactide capsules
Authors: Kasoju Naresh , Pátíková Alžběta , Wawrzynska Edyta , Vojtíšková Alžběta , Sedlačík Tomáš , Kumorek Marta , Pop-Georgievski Ognen , Sticová Eva , Kříž Jan , Kubies Dana
Published: December 2019

Correction for ‘Bioengineering a pre-vascularized pouch for subsequent islet transplantation using VEGF-loaded polylactide capsules’ by Naresh Kasoju et al., Biomater. Sci., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01280j.
Single-ion copper doping greatly enhances catalytic activity of manganese oxides via electronic interactions
Authors: Hu Xiaolei , Li Shuya , Chen Yaxin , Qu Weiye , Chen Junxiao , Ma Zhen , Tang Xingfu
Published: December 2019

Single-ion copper doping greatly enhances catalytic activity of manganese oxides via electronic interactions between copper ions and manganese ions.
Combined density functional theory and molecular dynamics study of Sm0.75A0.25Co1−xMnxO2.88(A = Ca, Sr;x= 0.125, 0.25) cathode material for next generation solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Olsson Emilia , Cottom Jonathon , Aparicio-Anglès Xavier , de Leeuw Nora H.
Published: December 2019

Computational study of novel next-generation SOFC cathode Sm0.75(Ca,Sr)0.25MnxCo1−xO2.88showing fast electronic and ionic conduction in bulk.
DNP NMR spectroscopy of cross-linked organic polymers: rational guidelines towards optimal sample preparation
Authors: Tanaka Shinji , Liao Wei-Chih , Ogawa Atsuko , Sato Kazuhiko , Copéret Christophe
Published: December 2019

A guideline for the preparation of DNP sample formulations from cross-linked organic polymers.
Spin–orbit coupling is the key to unraveling intriguing features of the halogen bond involving astatine
Authors: Rossi Elisa , De Santis Matteo , Sorbelli Diego , Storchi Loriano , Belpassi Leonardo , Belanzoni Paola
Published: December 2019

SOC induced charge accumulation on astatine side in Cl–At weakens the halogen bond through reduction of charge transfer, polar flattening and σ-hole.
Zeolite silica nanoparticles-supported open-tubular columns for isomer and chiral separation using capillary electrochromatography coupled with amperometric detection
Authors: Zhao Xiaoshuang , Liu Linzhen , Li Na , Wang Tingting , Chai Yuzhu , Yang Ziyue , Ye Jiannong , Chu Qingcui , Chen Li
Published: December 2019

Zeolite SiO2NPs OT columns with/without BSA were used for the separation of structural isomers, epimers and enantiomers by CEC-AD.
Electrochemical doping engineering tuning of the thermoelectric performance of a π-conjugated free-standing poly(thiophene-furan) thin-film
Authors: Yao Wenqian , Shen Lanlan , Liu Peipei , Liu Congcong , Xu Jingkun , Jiang Qinglin , Liu Guoqiang , Nie Guangming , Jiang Fengxing
Published: December 2019

Promising free-standing poly(thiophene-furan) gains a high thermoelectric power factor by facile electrochemical doping engineering.
Copper-catalysed oxidative α-C(sp3)–H nitroalkylation of (hetero)arene-fused cyclic amines
Authors: Li Xiu , Zhao He , Chen Xiuwen , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min
Published: December 2019

Under aerobic copper catalysis, a direct α-C(sp3)–H nitroalkylation ofN-unsubstituted (hetero)arene-fused cyclic amines with nitroalkanes has been demonstrated.
Building capabilities in chemistry education: happiness and discomfort through philosophical dialogue in chemistry
Authors: Dunlop Lynda , Hodgson Annie , Stubbs Joshua Edward
Published: December 2019

Much attention is given to student satisfaction in higher education, driven in the UK by accountability mechanisms such as the National Student Survey (NSS) and the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF). However satisfaction is both limited and limiting, depending on students’ expectations and often associated with the avoidance of difficulty and discomfort. A more appropriate outcome for higher education is well-being and ability to flourish. This paper identifies a gap in undergraduate chemistry education. Talking Chemistry created an extracurricular space for undergraduate chemistry students to build capabilities to flourish through philosophical dialogue about chemistry. It involved 25 undergraduates over one academic year (2018–2019). Drawing on ethnographic observations, questionnaires and in-depth semi-structured individual interviews, we argue that philosophical dialogue in undergraduate chemistry studies opens up opportunities for discomfort that can contribute to students’ capabilities to achieve happiness and well-being by challenging students to think about their subject in new ways. Philosophical dialogue is a missing component of chemistry education, and we present a model for introducing it into higher education.
Engineering of electrodeposited binder-free organic-nickel hydroxide based nanohybrids for energy storage and electrocatalytic alkaline water splitting
Authors: Jadhav Rohit G. , Singh Devraj , Mobin Shaikh M. , Das Apurba K.
Published: December 2019

A binder-free electrodeposited organic–inorganic multifunctional nanohybrid electrode exhibits high specific capacitance with electrocatalytic water splitting performance.
The evolution of spherical cell shape; progress and perspective
Authors: Yulo Paul Richard Jesena , Hendrickson Heather Lyn
Published: December 2019

Bacterial cell shape is a key trait governing the extracellular and intracellular factors of bacterial life. Rod-like cell shape appears to be original which implies that the cell wall, division, and rod-like shape came together in ancient bacteria and that the myriad of shapes observed in extant bacteria have evolved from this ancestral shape. In order to understand its evolution, we must first understand how this trait is actively maintained through the construction and maintenance of the peptidoglycan cell wall. The proteins that are primarily responsible for cell shape are therefore the elements of the bacterial cytoskeleton, principally FtsZ, MreB, and the penicillin-binding proteins. MreB is particularly relevant in the transition between rod-like and spherical cell shape as it is often (but not always) lost early in the process. Here we will highlight what is known of this particular transition in cell shape and how it affects fitness before giving a brief perspective on what will be required in order to progress the field of cell shape evolution from a purely mechanistic discipline to one that has the perspective to both propose and to test reasonable hypotheses regarding the ecological drivers of cell shape change.
The Importance of the Working Alliance in the Treatment of Cluttering
Authors: Sønsterud Hilda
Published: December 2019

It is expected that the quality of the working alliance between speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and persons who clutter matters. The termworking allianceis an important concept in cluttering and stuttering treatment and can be described as the degree to which the therapy dyad is engaged in collaborative, purposive work. The concept includes, among other factors, a shared understanding of therapy goals and the relevance of the therapy approach to achieving those goals. There has been an increasing interest regarding research that supports the therapeutic relationship as an evidence-based component of interventions in speech-language pathology, and recent research (Sønsterud et al., 2019) supports that a critical element for successful stuttering therapy lies, among other factors, in the concept of the working alliance.

Purpose

Although there is consensus that SLPs should openly and honestly discuss the individual's goals and expectations for therapy, personal motivation and the impact of the working alliance for people who clutter have not been investigated. This clinical focus article highlights the importance of open and honest discussion around not only the individual's goals for treatment but also the tasks or activities to be incorporated in that treatment. Relevant and specific quantitative and qualitative assessments for measuring the working alliance are required to investigate the concept of the working alliance in more detail. The Working Alliance Inventory–Short Revised version is regarded to be one useful tool to evaluate this client–clinician relationship. The Working Alliance Inventory–Short Revised version is quick and easy to use and explores the working alliance across the 3 processes of bond, goal, and task.

Conclusion

This clinical focus article contains no research results. Anyhow, some considerations on this concept, both from a person who clutters and SLP perspectives, are included in this clinical focus article. Research is required to investigate whether shared understanding of treatment goals, agreement on tasks, and a respectful and trustful bond may become important predictors for successful therapy outcome also for people who clutter.
The Psychosocial Aspects of Feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Beyond
Authors: Madhoun Lauren L. , Dempster Robert
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Feeding challenges are common for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). While sufficient oral feeding is typically a goal during NICU admission, this can be a long and complicated process for both the infant and the family. Many of the stressors related to feeding persist long after hospital discharge, which results in the parents taking the primary role of navigating the infant's course to ensure continued feeding success. This is in addition to dealing with the psychological impact of having a child requiring increased medical attention and the need to continue to fulfill the demands at home. In this clinical focus article, we examine 3 main areas that impact psychosocial stress among parents with infants in the NICU and following discharge: parenting, feeding, and supports. Implications for speech-language pathologists working with these infants and their families are discussed. A case example is also included to describe the treatment course of an infant and her parents in the NICU and after graduation to demonstrate these points further.

Conclusion

Speech-language pathologists working with infants in the NICU and following hospital discharge must realize the family context and psychosocial considerations that impact feeding progression. Understanding these factors may improve parental engagement to more effectively tailor treatment approaches to meet the needs of the child and family.
Review on generation and transmission expansion co‐planning models under a market environment
Authors: Gonzalez‐Romero Isaac‐Camilo , Wogrin Sonja , Gómez Tomas
Published: December 2019

This study presents a review of the state‐of‐the‐art on the coordination of generation and transmission expansion planning. First, the authors present the different investment and operation modelling approaches, with an emphasis on the centralised co‐optimisation problem. Second, a comprehensive review of co‐planning hierarchical equilibrium models, under a market environment, is carried out. The authors categorise the distinctive market approaches that usually represent the lower level of co‐planning problems. They offer an updated and detailed classification of multilevel equilibrium models, based on their hierarchical and regulatory structure versus their equivalent reduced structure. Finally, the authors identify research gaps in the literature of each one of the mentioned model categories.
Design of Intelligent Environmental Management and Decision-Making Platform for Small- and Medium-Sized Hydropower-Intensive Watersheds
Authors: Xue Chenyang , Shao Chaofeng
Published: December 2019

Watershed management includes the management of water resources, water environment, and water ecology. The use of intelligent management methods has become a new development trend. Facing the current situation of river basin management in China and the latest management requirements, the positioning of intellectualization in the top-level design of watershed management is clarified. Based on the vulnerability and complexity of ecosystem in small- and medium-sized hydropower-intensive watersheds, the overall framework of intelligent management and decision-making platform is designed, which covers water resource allocation, pollution source analysis, risk early warning, ecological monitoring, industrial access, ecological compensation, public participation, and other functional modules and forms a government–enterprise–society multi-management system.
Transmission line engineering cost prediction based on principal component analysis and least square support vector machine
Authors: Yu Bo , Wang Zheng , Liu Xiaomin , Liu Tong , Liu Xinyi
Published: December 2019

Due to the many factors affecting the cost of transmission line engineering and the lack of mutual independence, it is difficult to predict the cost. Firstly, the principal component analysis is used to process the original indicator data, eliminating the correlation between the original indicators and extracting the potential comprehensive independent indicators. Then, the new indicator is used as the input set to construct the predictive learning model based on the least squares support vector machine, and the predicted output and the actual value are compared and analyzed. The results show that the model can achieve the desired prediction effect in the case of small samples.
Research on frequency characteristic test method of servo mechanism based on schroeder phased harmonic signal
Authors: Su Changpeng , Wang Xuemei , Xu Zhe , Wang Jianyong , Li Junxiao
Published: December 2019

The traditional frequency response test mainly adopts the sweep frequency sinusoid signal testing method, which has high accuracy, but takes a long time. This paper introduces the basic theory of the Schroeder Phased Harmonic Signal (SPHS) testing method. The comparison experiment is conducted on the servo mechanism of a certain missile, and the accuracy and rapidity of the SPHS testing method are verified. Finally, according to the experiment data, the threshold standard of SPHS parameters is put forward, which provides a reference for selecting the SPHS parameters in the frequency response test of servo mechanism.
Research on Fault Diagnosis Optimization of Intelligent Acquisition Terminal
Authors: Liu Xinran , Kang Liyan , Shang Ying , Sun Lina , Li Zhongcheng , Wu Qiutong , Zhang Muxin , Wang Hecheng
Published: December 2019

Intelligent acquisition terminal is an important medium for power users to collect electric energy data and load data. It realizes centralized collection of electricity information through local and remote communication technology. With the continuous development of communication technology, the acquisition terminal is becoming more and more intelligent and its functions are becoming more and more complex. The content of field equipment fault diagnosis analysis technology is getting higher and higher. This paper combines with the current intelligent acquisition terminal fault diagnosis mode to optimize the research, from the technical and management aspects, makes an analysis of the causes of acquisition anomalies and the lack of means, and puts forward reasonable efficiency improvement suggestions.
Numerical simulation of PV/T air collector with gradually expanding and shrinking channels
Authors: Kang Zhangyang , Lu Zhaoyang , Li Manfeng , Yao Qiongqiong
Published: December 2019

CFD technology isused to simulate the PV/T air collector with gradually expanding and shrinking channels, and thegradually expanding and shrinking channels have influence on the temperature of the heat absorbing plate and the temperature outlet air of the PV/T air collector is analyzed.The resultshowsthat the expanding and shrinking channels have adverse effectson the massairflow in the collector,causing the temperature of the heat absorption plate to rise.Increasing the mcan effectively reduce the temperature of the heat absorption plate and enhancethe photoelectricefficiency of the system,and thetemperatureof air outlet will be enhanced.However, themassflowhas greater influence on the outlet temperature, and the increase of the mass flowmakes the outlet temperature decreasemore obvious. As the air mass flow increases, the temperature difference between m=0.0081and m=0.0169will increase. When the massflow is 0.0029kg/s, the temperature difference is 1.69℃; when the massflow is 0.0169, the temperature difference is 2.35℃.