bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot-scale, two-stage, thermophilic batch anaerobic digestion of sugar beets
Authors: Chavez Jaime , Buxy Samriddhi , Pullammanappallil Pratap
Published: December 2019

Whole sugar beets without the tops and without size reduction were anaerobically digested in a batch, two-stage, thermophilic, pilot-scale digestion system. The two-stage system consisted of a solids digester (SD; 150 L working volume) into which the sugar beets were loaded and an anaerobic filter (AF; 600 L working volume).

The methane yield from the system was 305 L at STP/kg volatile solids (VS) loaded and was obtained within 17 days. This is equivalent to 52 L of methane at STP/kg sugar beet as received from the stockpiles. 60% of the methane was formed in the AF and the rest in the SD. The methane yield from this pilot system was 80% of that obtained in laboratory scale trials. 90% of the total methane produced in the AF was collected within 10 days. A 10 day residence time would yield a total of 256 L at STP/kg VS or 84% of total yield from pilot scale system. The digester required addition of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The biogas may not require hydrogen sulfide clean up before utilization.
How to improve the performance of pulp pressing?
Authors: Prati Ermanno , Maniscalco Franco
Published: December 2019

It is generally much cheaper to remove water from the wet pulp mechanically by pressing rather than by thermal drying. Therefore pulp presses should be able to extract as much water as possible from the pulp to be dried. Drying pulp without pressing would be economically unsustainable because of the excessive energy consumption. Therefore the profitability of a factory depends on the mechanical dewatering, whose efficiency depends both on machine performance and on wet pulp quality, which plays a fundamental role in the control of the total operational costs (TOC). This article deals with both factors.
’Propylene glycolate’ used as a top coat seal to protect thick juice from degradation in ellipsoidal storage tanks
Authors: Hatch Robert O. , Giles Craig M. , Creiglow Jay S. , Smith David R.
Published: December 2019

The use of sodium propylene glycol for thick juice storage was investigated at Spreckels Sugar Company, in Brawley, California (USA). Sodium-polypropylene glycol has a density of 1.07 and does not mix with thick juice. Therefore it is suitable as a barrier layer. Chemical properties of propylene glycol, and the deposition on the top of thick juice are described. First results of the last campaign are compared with data from previous years. A significantly lower tendency in the reduction of the quality of the thick juice was found.
Motion capture-based animated characters for the study of speech–gesture integration
Authors: Nirme Jens , Haake Magnus , Gulz Agneta , Gullberg Marianne
Published: December 2019

Digitally animated characters are promising tools in research studying how we integrate information from speech and visual sources such as gestures because they allow specific gesture features to be manipulated in isolation. We present an approach combining motion capture and 3D-animated characters that allows us to manipulate natural individual gesture strokes for experimental purposes, for example to temporally shift and present gestures in ecologically valid sequences. We exemplify how such stimuli can be used in an experiment investigating implicit detection of speech–gesture (a) synchrony, and discuss the general applicability of the workflow for research in this domain.
K2-19b and c are in a 3:2 Commensurability but out of Resonance: A Challenge to Planet Assembly by Convergent Migration
Authors: Petigura Erik A. , Livingston John , Batygin Konstantin , Mills Sean M. , Werner Michael , Isaacson Howard , Fulton Benjamin J. , Howard Andrew W. , Weiss Lauren M. , Espinoza Néstor , Jontof-Hutter Daniel , Shporer Avi , Bayliss Daniel , Barros S. C. C.
Published: December 2019

K2-19b and c were among the first planets discovered by NASA’s K2 mission and together stand in stark contrast with the physical and orbital properties of the solar system planets. The planets are between the size of Uranus and Saturn at  7.0 ± 0.2  

and  4.1 ± 0.2

, respectively, and reside a mere 0.1% outside the nominal 3:2 mean-motion resonance. They represent a different outcome of the planet formation process than the solar system, as well as the vast majority of known exoplanets. We measured the physical and orbital properties of these planets using photometry from K2, Spitzer, and ground-based telescopes, along with radial velocities from Keck/HIRES. Through a joint photodynamical model, we found that the planets have moderate eccentricities of e ≈ 0.20 and well-aligned apsides Δϖ ≈ 0°. The planets occupy a strictly nonresonant configuration: the resonant angles circulate rather than librate. This defies the predictions of standard formation pathways that invoke convergent or divergent migration, both of which predict Δϖ ≈ 180° and eccentricities of a few percent or less. We measured masses of M

p,b
 = 32.4 ± 1.7

and M

p,c
 =  10.8 ± 0.6

. Our measurements, with 5% fractional uncertainties, are among the most precise of any sub-Jovian exoplanet. Mass and size reflect a planet’s core/envelope structure. Despite having a relatively massive core of

 ≈ 15

, K2-19b is envelope-rich, with an envelope mass fraction of roughly 50%. This planet poses a challenge to standard models of core-nucleated accretion, which predict that cores ≳10

will quickly accrete gas and trigger runaway accretion when the envelope mass exceeds that of the core.
MOPSS. II. Extreme Optical Scattering Slope for the Inflated Super-Neptune HATS-8b
Authors: May E. M. , Gardner T. , Rauscher E. , Monnier J. D.
Published: December 2019

We present results for the inflated super-Neptune HATS-8b from the Michigan Optical Planetary Spectra Survey (MOPSS). This program is aimed at creating a database of optical planetary transmission spectra all observed, reduced, and analyzed with a uniform method for the benefit of enabling comparative exoplanet studies. HATS-8b orbits a G dwarf and is a low-density super-Neptune with a radius of 0.873 R
Jup, a mass of 0.138 M
Jup, and a density of 0.259 g cm−3. Two transits of HATS-8b were observed in 2017 July and August with the Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) instrument on the Magellan Baade 6.5 m telescope. We find an enhanced scattering slope on each night that agree within 2.3σ. This slope is stronger than one due only to Rayleigh scattering and cannot be fully explained by unocculted starspots. We explore the impact of condensates on the scattering slope and determine that MnS particulates smaller than 10−2
μm can explain up to 80% of our measured slope if the planet is warmer than equilibrium, or 50% of the slope at the equilibrium temperature of the planet for a low mean molecular weight atmosphere. The scattering slope that we observe is thus beyond even the most extreme haze case we consider. We suggest further follow up on this target and host star to determine if the temporal variation of the slope is primarily due to stellar or planetary effects, and to better understand what these effects may be.
Supervised Machine Learning for Intercomparison of Model Grids of Brown Dwarfs: Application to GJ 570D and the Epsilon Indi B Binary System
Authors: Oreshenko Maria , Kitzmann Daniel , Márquez-Neila Pablo , Malik Matej , Bowler Brendan P. , Burgasser Adam J. , Sznitman Raphael , Fisher Chloe E. , Heng Kevin
Published: December 2019

Self-consistent model grids of brown dwarfs involve complex physics and chemistry, and are often computed using proprietary computer codes, making it challenging to identify the reasons for discrepancies between model and data as well as between the models produced by different research groups. In the current study, we demonstrate a novel method for analyzing brown dwarf spectra, which combines the use of the Sonora, AMES-cond, and HELIOS model grids with the supervised machine-learning method of the random forest. Besides performing atmospheric retrieval, the random forest enables information content analysis of the three model grids as a natural outcome of the method, both individually on each grid and by comparing the grids against one another, by computing large suites of mock retrievals. Our analysis reveals that the different choices made in modeling the alkali line shapes hinder the use of the alkali lines as gravity indicators. Nevertheless, the spectrum longward of 1.2 μm encodes enough information on the surface gravity to allow its inference from retrieval. Temperature may be accurately and precisely inferred independent of the choice of model grid, but not the surface gravity. We apply random forest retrieval to three objects: the benchmark T7.5 brown dwarf GJ 570D, and ϵ Indi Ba (T1.5 brown dwarf) and Bb (T6 brown dwarf), which are part of a binary system and have measured dynamical masses. For GJ 570D, the inferred effective temperature and surface gravity are consistent with previous studies. For ϵ Indi Ba and Bb, the inferred surface gravities are broadly consistent with the values informed by the dynamical masses.
The Gas–Star Formation Cycle in Nearby Star-forming Galaxies. I. Assessment of Multi-scale Variations
Authors: Schinnerer Eva , Hughes Annie , Leroy Adam , Groves Brent , Blanc Guillermo A. , Kreckel Kathryn , Bigiel Frank , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel , Emsellem Eric , Faesi Christopher , Glover Simon , Grasha Kathryn , Henshaw Jonathan , Hygate Alexander , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Meidt Sharon , Pety Jerome , Querejeta Miguel , Rosolowsky Erik , Saito Toshiki , Schruba Andreas , Sun Jiayi , Utomo Dyas
Published: December 2019

The processes regulating star formation in galaxies are thought to act across a hierarchy of spatial scales. To connect extragalactic star formation relations from global and kiloparsec-scale measurements to recent cloud-scale resolution studies, we have developed a simple, robust method that quantifies the scale dependence of the relative spatial distributions of molecular gas and recent star formation. In this paper, we apply this method to eight galaxies with ∼1″ resolution molecular gas imaging from the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS–ALMA (PHANGS–ALMA) survey and PdBI Arcsecond Whirlpool Survey (PAWS) that have matched resolution, high-quality narrowband Hα imaging. At a common scale of 140 pc, our massive (log(M
⋆[M
⊙]) = 9.3–10.7), normally star-forming (SFR[M
⊙ yr−1] = 0.3–5.9) galaxies exhibit a significant reservoir of quiescent molecular gas not associated with star formation as traced by Hα emission. Galactic structures act as backbones for both molecular gas and H ii region distributions. As we degrade the spatial resolution, the quiescent molecular gas disappears, with the most rapid changes occurring for resolutions up to ∼0.5 kpc. As the resolution becomes poorer, the morphological features become indistinct for spatial scales larger than ∼1 kpc. The method is a promising tool to search for relationships between the quiescent or star-forming molecular reservoir and galaxy properties, but requires a larger sample size to identify robust correlations between the star-forming molecular gas fraction and global galaxy parameters.
Capability of Geomagnetic Storm Parameters to Identify Severe Space Weather
Authors: Balan N. , Zhang Qing-He , Xing Zanyang , Skoug R. , Shiokawa K. , Lühr H. , Ram S. Tulasi , Otsuka Y. , Zhao Lingxin
Published: December 2019

The paper investigates the capability of geomagnetic storm parameters in the disturbance storm-time (Dst), Kp, and AE indices to distinguish between severe space weather (SvSW) that causes the reported electric power outages and/or telecommunication failures and normal space weather (NSW) that does not cause these severe effects in a 50 yr period (1958–2007). The parameters include the storm intensities DstMin (minimum Dst during the main phase, MP, of the storm), (dDst/dt)MPmax, Kpmax, and AEmax. In addition, the impulsive parameter

is derived for the storms that are automatically identified in the Kyoto Dst and USGS

is the integral of the modulus of the Dst from onset of the MP (MPO) to the DstMin. T
MP is the MP duration from MPO to DstMin. The corresponding mean values

and

are also calculated. Regardless of the significant differences in the storm parameters between the two Dst indices, the IpsDst in both indices seems to identify four of the five SvSW events (and the Carrington event) in more than 750 NSW events that have been reported to have occurred in 1958–2007, while all other parameters separate one or two SvSWs from the NSWs. Using the Kyoto IpsDst threshold of −250 nT, we demonstrate a 100% true SvSW identification rate with only one false NSW. Using the false NSW event (1972 August 4), we investigate whether using a higher resolution Dst might result in a more accurate identification of SvSWs. The mechanism of the impulsive action leading to large IpsDst and SvSW involves the coincidence that the fast interplanetary coronal mass ejection velocity V contains its shock (or front) velocity

and large interplanetary magnetic field Bz southward covering

.
Discovery of a Powerful >1061 erg AGN Outburst in the Distant Galaxy Cluster SPT-CLJ0528-5300
Authors: Calzadilla Michael S. , McDonald Michael , Bayliss Matthew , Benson Bradford A. , Bleem Lindsey E. , Brodwin Mark , Edge Alastair C. , Floyd Benjamin , Gupta Nikhel , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie , McNamara Brian R. , Reichardt Christian L. ,   (SPT collaboration)
Published: December 2019

We present ∼103 ks of Chandra observations of the galaxy cluster SPT-CLJ0528-5300 (SPT0528, z = 0.768). This cluster harbors the most radio-loud (L
1.4GHz = 1.01 × 1033 erg s−1 Hz−1) central active galactic nucleus (AGN) of any cluster in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) Sunyaev–Zeldovich survey with available X-ray data. We find evidence of AGN-inflated cavities in the X-ray emission, which are consistent with the orientation of the jet direction revealed by Australia Telescope Compact Array radio data. The combined probability that two such depressions—each at ∼1.4–1.8σ significance, oriented ∼180° apart and aligned with the jet axis—would occur by chance is 0.1%. At ≳1061 erg, the outburst in SPT0528 is among the most energetic known in the universe, and certainly the most powerful known at z > 0.25. This work demonstrates that such powerful outbursts can be detected even in shallow X-ray exposures out to relatively high redshifts (z ∼ 0.8), providing an avenue for studying the evolution of extreme AGN feedback. The ratio of the cavity power (

P

cav

=
(
9.4
±
5.8
)
×

10

45

erg s−1) to the cooling luminosity (L
cool = (1.5 ± 0.5) × 1044 erg s−1) for SPT0528 is among the highest measured to date. If, in the future, additional systems are discovered at similar redshifts with equally high P
cav/L
cool ratios, it would imply that the feedback/cooling cycle was not as gentle at high redshifts as in the low-redshift universe.
Heat transfer intensification in emergency cooling heat exchanger and dry cooling towers on nuclear power plant using air-water mist flow
Authors: Abed Akram H. , Shcheklein Sergey E. , Pakhaluev Valery M.
Published: December 2019

Advanced nuclear power plants are equipped with passive emergency heat removal systems (PEHRS) for removing the decay heat from reactor equipment in accidents accompanied by primary circuit leakage to the final heat absorber (ambient air). Herein, the intensity of heat dissipation to air from the outer surface of the heat exchanger achieved by buoyancy induced natural convection is extremely low, which need to a large heat exchanger surface area, apply different types of heat transfer intensification including (grooves, ribs and extended surfaces, positioning at higher altitudes, etc.). The intensity of heat removal is also strongly dependent on the ambient air temperature (disposable temperature head).

Construction of nuclear power plants in countries with high ambient temperatures (Iran, Bangladesh, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and others) which are characterized by a high level of ambient temperature imposes additional requirements on the increase of the heat exchange surfaces.

The experimental investigation results of heat transfer intensification by a low energy ultrasonic which supply a fine liquid droplet (size ~3 µm) in the cooling air are presented in the present paper. In such case, the heat transfer between the surface and cooling flow involves the following three physical effects: convection, conductive heat transfer, and evaporation of water droplets. The last two effects weakly depend on the ambient air temperature and provide an active heat removal in any situation.

The investigation was performed using a high-precision calorimeter with a controlled rate of heat supply (between 7800 and 12831 W/m2) imitating heated surface within the range of Reynolds numbers from 2500 to 55000 and liquid (water) flow rates from 23.39 to 111.68 kg·m-2·h-1.

The studies demonstrated that the presence of finely dispersed water results in a significant increase in heat transfer compared with the case of using purely air-cooling. With a fixed heat flux, the energy efficiency increases with increasing water concentration, reaching the values over 600 W·m-2·C-1 at 111.68 kg·m-2·h-1, which is 2.8 times higher than for air cooling. With further development of research in order to clarify the optimal areas of intensification, it is possible to use this technology to intensify heat transfer to the air in dry cooling towers of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants used in hot and extreme continental climates.
Corrosion tests in water of fuel elements irradiated in the world’s first NPP reactor
Authors: Ivanov Sergey N. , Porollo Sergey I. , Baranaev Yury D. , Timofeev Vladimir F. , Kharizomenov Yury V.
Published: December 2019

Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) storage in reactor spent fuel pools (SFP) is one of the crucial stages of SNF management technology: it requires special measures to ensure nuclear and radiation safety. During long-term storage in water-filled SFPs, leak-tight canisters in which SFAs are usually placed can become unsealed, which will result in the development of corrosion processes in the fuel element (FE) claddings.

We studied fragments of spent fuel elements of the AM reactor of the World’s First NPP during their long exposure in the aqueous medium. The aim of the study was to obtain experimental data on the corrosion changes in the FE claddings and fuel composition during storage as well as on the release of radioactive fission products from them. For the study, a laboratory facility for exposing fuel elements in the water was developed and experimental fragments of fuel elements were made. The study was carried out in the hot chamber of the SSC RF-IPPE. The change in the activity of the water was estimated by the γ-dose rate from the selected water sample. The diameter measurements and metallographic studies were carried out in various sections of FE fragments.

Corrosion tests were carried out on fragments of spent fuel elements of the AM reactor of the World’s First NPP that were stored for a long time (more than 50 years – FEs with U-Mo fuel and ~ 20 years – FEs with UO2 fuel) using standard technology – first in SFP canisters filled with water and then in dry canisters in the air. Placing the fuel elements in the water did not lead to through damage to the FE claddings and a significant change in the size (diameter) of the outer cladding. Metallographic studies of the FE fragments after the corrosion tests showed the presence of intergranular and local frontal corrosion on the surface of the claddings, the depth of which exceeded the depth of the cladding corrosion defects before testing. The rate of radionuclide release from the fuel composition was estimated by the γ-dose rate of water samples taken from the glasses with FE fragments. Throughout the test period, the dose rate of water samples from the glasses with defect-free FEs remained constant. The dose rate from water samples taken from the glasses with the FE fragments with an artificial defect grew during storage.
Linum aksehirense (sect. Dasylinum, Linaceae), a new species from Central Anatolia (Turkey)
Authors: Tugay Osman , Ulukuş Deniz
Published: December 2019

Linum aksehirense (Linaceae) is described as a new species known from the slopes of the Sultan Mountains in the Akşehir district of Konya in Central Anatolia (Turkey). It is most similar to L. pubescens Banks & Sol. and L. anisocalyx P.H.Davis, from which it is easily distinguished by its stem leaf shape, sepal shape and petal colour. Seed and pollen surface ornamentations were photographed under SEM microscopy to explore micromorphological characters distinguishing the new species from close relatives. In addition, photographs of living material, a distribution map, ecological details, and an identification key are provided.
La Cour pénale internationale pèse-t-elle encore sur l’échiquier mondial ?
Authors: Hubrecht Joël
Published: December 2019

Après deux décennies, le bilan de la Cour pénale internationale (CPI) est maigre : quatre condamnations ont été prononcées et des acquittements retentissants ont entaché sa crédibilité. Les limites à l’action de la Cour sont criantes et les marges de manœuvre du procureur réduites. La CPI n’a pu intervenir ni en Syrie, ni en Irak, ni au Yémen. Ses relations avec ses États membres et avec le Conseil de sécurité buttent sur leurs limites et leurs ambiguïtés. L'avenir de la Cour apparaît sombre.
L’espace juridique européen : droit européen et droit national
Authors: Stirn Bernard
Published: December 2019

L’espace juridique européen repose sur un droit dont la prééminence s’est progressivement affirmée sur les corpus juridiques des États, à travers les arrêts des juridictions nationales. Il s’est aussi construit par le dialogue soutenu entre les deux cours européennes, les cours constitutionnelles et les cours suprêmes nationales. Il existe aujourd’hui un ordre juridique propre à l’Europe qui, s’il reste à perfectionner, constitue un élément essentiel de l’idéal démocratique européen.
Le traité d’Aix-la-Chapelle : promesse de convergence pour couple divisé
Authors: Stark Hans
Published: December 2019

Le traité d’Aix-la-Chapelle, sous de multiples engagements, dissimule nombre de désaccords : sur la défense, l’avenir de l’Union européenne, les politiques économiques, les rapports avec la Russie… La campagne pour les élections européennes a d’ailleurs éclairé ces divergences. L’ensemble franco-allemand a néanmoins réussi à préserver une étonnante capacité de compromis : c’est sur cette capacité que s’appuie sa durabilité, au-delà d’un traité qui pourrait ne pas remplir ses promesses.
Faut-il créer une agence de renseignement européenne ?
Authors: Méchoulan Éric
Published: December 2019

Après chaque attentat majeur sur le sol européen, des voix s’élèvent pour demander la création d’une agence européenne de renseignement. Pourtant, la coopération entre services de renseignement des États-membres de l’Union européenne fonctionne bien. La création d’une telle agence induirait plus d’inconvénients que d’avantages. En l’état actuel de la construction européenne, la communautarisation du renseignement ne saurait être un gage de protection supplémentaire pour les citoyens européens.
Trump, l’Europe et l’OTAN : retour vers le futur
Authors: Johnston Seth A.
Published: December 2019

Donald Trump a fortement critiqué l’Organisation du traité de l’Atlantique Nord (OTAN) et mis en doute la volonté des Européens de payer pour leur propre défense. Les tensions dans les relations transatlantiques ont été qualifiées de « crise ». Pourtant, la situation actuelle s’inscrit dans une certaine continuité historique. En 70 ans d’existence, l’OTAN a traversé des crises bien plus graves et a fait preuve d’une résilience remarquable. L’Alliance atlantique, pour peu qu'on la soutienne, a de beaux jours devant elle.
Ocular Injuries Associated With Air-Powered Salt Guns
Authors: Thayer Jessica , Johnson Daniel A.
Published: December 2019

This report discusses the potential ocular injuries associated with an air-powered salt gun, a new product that may appeal to children. The authors hope to inform both providers and patients of the potential risks and treatment considerations if an injury of this type is sustained.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56:e65–e67.]
Experimental Study on A Two-string Lexical Decision Task: Non-words and Words
Authors: Zhang Shuyu , Zhang Sihong
Published: December 2019

Abstract—This paper introduces the general purposes, hypotheses and designs of the lexical decision task and compares the results of several existing studies. Based on previous studies, three hypotheses are proposed. Then, it illustrates a two-lexical decision task designed and completed by the Research School of Psychology, Australian National University. In comparison with traditional lexical decision task, the two-string lexical decision task further tests participants’ response time to non-words and words. The results of the current two-string lexical decision task experiment verify the validity of previous studies on the one hand, while on the other hand, do not fully support the statement that participants would make faster responses to unrelated words than unrelated non-words. The findings of the current study directly provide cognitive processes for English lexical differentiation and learning, which could give hints to English lexical teaching and acquisition.
From Resource to Outcome
Authors: Rouzbehani Khadijeh (Roya) , Araghi Mehdi
Published: December 2019

Governments often create policies that rely on implementation by arm's length organizations and require practice changes on the part of different segments of the healthcare system without understanding the differences in and complexities of these agencies. This research describes components of a health system and explains how they affect outcomes. It argues that implemented policies affect various components of a health system in terms of service delivery, workforce, information, financing, medical products, technologies, leadership, and governance. Using health system as framework of analysis, the chapter explains that the outcome of health policy implementation determines the availability, quality, and equability of program service delivery. The chapter further argues that policy implementation barriers affect the poor and vulnerable groups from benefiting from public spending on public health policies and programs.
Comparative Study of Oncology Information Systems for Better Patient and Provider Outcomes
Authors: Shuakat Muhammad Nadeem , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: December 2019

Cancer is among the top three chronic diseases both in developed countries as well as underdeveloped countries. The diagnosis, medication, and treatment for cancer is extremely costly. Typically, cancer treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Owing to the extremely high price of medicine and treatment along with cytotoxicity of medication, cancer treatment warrants extraordinary care in treating cancer patients. Oncology information systems (OIS) provide an all-in-one solution for such problems. The OIS can integrate different treatment protocols and update change in dose and treatment in real time.
Mobile Health
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: December 2019

Today most people have at least one smart phone irrespective of socio-economic standing. Such a penetration of mobile phones has enabled mobile health to rapidly develop over the last 5 years. There are many benefits to patients and clinicians afforded by mobile health including the convenience of any time anywhere access to data and information and the possibility to monitor so that critical issues can be caught early. One key area is in the post discharge phase as patients return home to ensure they are making good progress. This chapter discusses developments of mobile health solutions and precision post-operative wellness monitoring solutions.
Camel Meat Production, Structure, and Quality
Authors: Kadim Isam Tawfik , Mbaga Msafiri , Ibrahim Ghada Ahmed , Nour Ikhlas Ahmed
Published: December 2019

This chapter aimed to discuss population, meat production, and quality characteristics of camels. Camels are considered environmentally friendly and well adapted to the desert's harsh arid and semiarid environment due to their high movability, adequate fodder demand, and water regulation. Camels are most populous in the East Africa and Middle East. Although approximately 250,000 camels are annually slaughtered in many countries and camels as a producer of meat is becoming much more significant, camel meat market has not yet developed. In 2019, the global camel meat production in Africa was leading with 419,933 tonnes production, followed by Asia (210,000 tonnes) and Europe (179 Tonnes). An important feature that characterizes camelid meat products is the low level of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat compared to red meat sources. Pre- and post-mortem factors should be carefully considered to improve camel meat quality characteristics. According to the health aspects and quality of camel meat, it can be successfully marketed alongside cattle, dear, sheep, and goat.
A METAPSICOLOGIA FREUDIANA DA SUBLIMAÇÃO
Authors: Campos Érico Bruno Viana , Loffredo Ana Maria
Published: December 2019

Este ensaio teórico tem por objetivo apresentar a metapsicologia do conceito de sublimação na obra de Freud. O interesse se justifica pelo fato deste ser um dos conceitos mais amplos e menos elaborados na teoria freudiana, sendo que suas últimas formulações foram particularmente pouco exploradas nos desenvolvimentos posteriores na maioria das escolas de psicanálise. Nesse intuito, serão caracterizados os discursos freudianos sobre a sublimação, centrados nas transformações da meta e do objeto de satisfação. Defendem-se dois momentos: um no contexto do primeiro dualismo pulsional, em que a sublimação concerne a dessexualização, outro no segundo dualismo, em que a sublimação se articula à erotização da pulsão de morte, por meio de identificações narcísicas. Propõe-se que eles sejam entendidos como momentos distintos de um processo geral, nos termos de uma sublimação primária e secundária. Como conclusão são discutidas as implicações desse último discurso para a compreensão da relação entre desejo e cultura, bem como para a visão psicanalítica de homem.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DA EXPRESSÃO ‘AUTORIA’ NO ATO INFRACIONAL: ENTRE DISCURSIVIDADE E ESTIGMA
Authors: Moreira Jacqueline de Oliveira , Guerra Andréa Máris Campos , Vidigal Mariana Furtado , Silva Ana Carolina Dias , Lima Rodrigo Goes e
Published: December 2019

O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) representa um importante avanço ao conferir ao menor de idade, antes objeto de intervenção do Estado em nome de um ideal de ‘bem-estar’ no Código de Menores, o estatuto de um sujeito portador de plenos direitos e deveres. No que diz respeito ao jovem autor de ato infracional, no entanto, identificamos que o reconhecimento da autoria pode dar margem a riscos e desvios de interpretação que podem surgir no momento em que se acopla a noção de autor à concepção de ‘crime’, podendo, pois, produzir a ideia de um sujeito criminal, como proposto por Michel Misse. Se de um lado o termo autor localiza o adolescente na posição de sujeito, de outro, ele pode aprisionar o jovem dentro de determinada discursividade circunscrita e limitada ao ato infracional que ele cometeu. Pretendemos, assim, no presente artigo, primeiramente, localizar o tema da autoria no ECA, dialogar com a construção da ideia de autor na sua interface com a apreensão do leitor, a partir de teorização de Foucault em articulação com a psicanálise freudo-lacaniana, e por fim, pensar dispositivos que ofereçam novas forças de inscrição para este autor que, muitas vezes, escapam dos nós aprisionados/aprisionantes das cadeias de associação discursiva.
CINEMA, PSICOLOGIA POSITIVA E A RESILIÊNCIA DO CORPO: SUPERAR PARA A FELICIDADE
Authors: Fortunato Ivan , Schwartz Gisele Maria
Published: December 2019

Este artigo trata de uma investigação centrada na relação humana com o cinema, do ponto de vista da Psicologia Positiva, cujo propósito é a promoção de valores e bem-estar. Essa busca emerge da seguinte inquietação: poderia o cinema potencializar o enfrentamento para superação de contundentes adversidades contingenciais à vida humana? Especificamente, o propósito do artigo é discutir como o cinema pode potencializar a resiliência do corpo. Dessa forma, explora-se o sentido da resiliência quando o próprio corpo aparenta limitar alguém a realizar tarefas corriqueiras. Para tanto, os filmes Meu pé esquerdo (1989) e A teoria de tudo (2014), que retratam, respectivamente, as histórias de Christy Brown e Stephen Hawking são utilizados como exemplos de que a limitação do corpo não é suficiente para limitação da felicidade. Ao final, espera-se que os elementos identificados, nas narrativas cinematográficas, ajudem a fortalecer o cinema como uma tecnologia fundante para o desenvolvimento humano, especialmente pela ótica da psicologia positiva.
DA VIOLÊNCIA PSICOPOLÍTICA NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DAS DIMENSÕES AFETIVAS
Authors: Nalli Marcos Alexandre Gomes , Mansano Sonia Regina Vargas
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo pretende explicitar as condições de possibilidade da violência psicopolítica na contemporaneidade. Trata-se de um tipo de violência exercido em níveis psíquicos, à medida que as pessoas exigem de si mesmas alta performance e resultados ótimos, cuja consequência é sua desestruturação subjetiva e seu autoesgotamento niilista. Objetiva-se inquirir pela dimensão afetiva gerada nas violências impostas aos outros e autoimpostas. Para tanto, este estudo de tipo teórico percorrerá duas dimensões da problemática escolhida: primeiramente, o jogo do mostrar, esconder e avaliar que se atualiza nas redes sociais. Em seguida, o estudo analisará os efeitos tristes advindos de uma organização socioeconômica capitalista indiferente à importância das relações sociais, dos afetos e da relação com a natureza. Em uma atitude predatória de si e dos outros, a subjetividade capitalística segue julgando e avaliando, ainda que tais práticas ganhem contornos violentos e destrutivos. Quais as possibilidades de barrar tal movimento, em larga medida sustentado pelas tecnologias de comunicação? Como resultado parcial, ressalta-se o desafio de inventar novos valores a partir dos quais a vida possa se expandir à revelia das amarras difundidas pelas avaliações meramente comunicacionais de fundamentação narcísica.
Non-convex Optimization via Strongly Convex Majorization-minimization
Authors: Mayeli Azita
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we introduce a class of nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problems, and we propose to use a local iterative minimization-majorization (MM) algorithm to find an optimal solution for the optimization problem. The cost functions in our optimization problems are an extension of convex functions with MC separable penalty, which were previously introduced by Ivan Selesnick. These functions are not convex; therefore, convex optimization methods cannot be applied here to prove the existence of optimal minimum point for these functions. For our purpose, we use convex analysis tools to first construct a class of convex majorizers, which approximate the value of non-convex cost function locally, then use the MM algorithm to prove the existence of local minimum. The convergence of the algorithm is guaranteed when the iterative points $x^{(k)}$ are obtained in a ball centred at $x^{(k-1)}$ with small radius. We prove that the algorithm converges to a stationary point (local minimum) of cost function when the surregators are strongly convex.
Desencuentros entre política urbana y política de regularización del hábitat popular en La Plata, Argentina
Authors: Relli Ugartamendía Mariana
Published: December 2019

Frente al crecimiento y densificación del hábitat popular urbano en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, se han implementado iniciativas gubernamentales de regularización para radicar a la población allí donde esté asentada, regularizar la tenencia de los inmuebles y facilitar el acceso a la propiedad. Desde hace tres décadas se utilizan distintos instrumentos para atender las dimensiones dominial y urbanística de la irregularidad. En este trabajo se analiza el tratamiento dado a la irregularidad en el municipio de La Plata (capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires) y su (no)diálogo con la política urbana. La consolidación de dos ventanillas desde donde la gestión pública encara el ordenamiento territorial -la de la ciudad formal y la de la ciudad informal- ha cristalizado en un andamiaje institucional que refuerza el tratamiento ex post de la irregularidad, sin atender sus causas.
Pediatric Circumcision Simulation Model: A Simulation Model for Teaching Obstetrics Residents
Authors: Lessman Marci A. , Behr Amanda Y. , Braun Kelli M. , Stager Robert D.
Published: December 2019

Having a surgical simulation model allows residents to learn the steps and tissue dynamics involved with a procedure in a risk-free environment. The previous circumcision practice model used within the Augusta University Obstetrics Department did not realistically simulate the procedure. 3D modeling and printing were utilized to create molds, which were then injected with silicone. The resulting silicone circumcision model was found to have highly realistic tissue dynamics. Future residents within the obstetrics department will use the completed silicone model to practice circumcisions.
The Case of Ken Lowery: Visual Knowledge Building and Translation of Volumetric Radiographic Imagery for Dynamic 3D Medical Legal Visualization
Authors: Miller Amanda , Lax Leila , Woolridge Nick , Agur Anne
Published: December 2019

Advancements in medical imaging technology allow for the use of 3D volumetric radiographs in personal injury trials. Volumetric radiographs provide more comprehensive information than 2D imaging (i.e. CT scans/MRIs) but are more complicated for a judge and jury (non-medical audiences) to understand. The purpose of this medical legal visualization research project was to create and evaluate a plaintiff expert witness presentation that incorporates volumetric radiographs, combined with 3D anatomical models and animated sequences to improve understanding of complex medical information (e.g. to clarify the full extent of the traumatic brain injuries) and to obtain feedback on design strategies.
Adapting a Haptic Motor-Skill Simulator to Include 3D Histology and Supporting Information Architecture (IA)
Authors: Hayes Nova , Bucher Karen , Ashrafi Seema , Lebowicz Leah
Published: December 2019

In response to an ever-increasing demand for more efficient medical and dental training, simulator-based education has seen a marked increase in development and adoption. But technological advances do not necessarily add up to better learning outcomes. This pursuit has even generated criticism that the means often lose sight of the end. We are presented with an increasingly relevant challenge to adapt simulator technology in alignment with systems advancements and research in adult learning.To address this question, an existing haptic-based, periodontal-probing simulator was revised with expanded learning goals in mind. The former technology was used, but furnished with new 3D models and a multimodal approach to the curriculum intended to foster contextual learning.The 3D model was detailed with clinically-relevant histology intended to build a holistic conceptual understanding of the oral tissue and disease etiology of gingivitis and periodontitis in context with the procedure. Yet providing visual detail without direction is inadequate for ensuring learning objectives are met. Furthermore, simplified models are needed in a haptic system to maintain uninterrupted simulator performance; this means a loss of visual detail and material realism. To meet these challenges, the information architecture (IA) was designed to include tiered activities including dynamic exploration with a high-fidelity model, performance evaluation for self-assessment, and knowledge check for learning reinforcement.The 3D models and proposed methodology in this research are intended to exhibit how, with proper integration, these attributes can convert a single-objective, motor skill exercise into a complete learning experience.
Feedback-guided Development for Patient Education Animation: HIV Transmission via Breastfeeding
Authors: Crawley Sarah , Wall Shelley , Serghides Lena , Dryer Marc
Published: December 2019

This thesis project uses animation to communicate the risk of HIV transmission via breastfeeding to mothers living with HIV in Canada. Current guidelines do not recommend breastfeeding for HIV+ mothers because there is always some level of risk. Knowledge of mother-to-child transmission is poor, and the cultural pressure to breastfeed has complex implications. It was essential that the science of transmission risk be conveyed in a clear and culturally sensitive manner, to allow women to make appropriate, informed decisions about whether or not to breastfeed. To accomplish this, we adopted a user-testing approach. Throughout development, the script, animatic, and character designs were presented for feedback to members of the target audience, healthcare providers, and representatives from Canadian HIV organizations in an iterative design process. At each round of feedback, the script, animatic, and visual assets were revised, and sent for further comment. Ongoing collaboration with the target audience helped us develop an animation with a wide diversity of characters, culturally sensitive metaphors, and nuanced descriptions of risk, in response to feedback that detailed desires about representation and identified how concepts were being misunderstood. User-testing approaches are necessary when creating patient education animations. Population needs, background, and context have a dramatic impact on patient understanding, and cannot be understood properly without user testing and direct feedback. Doing so helps prevent insensitive concepts and easily misinterpreted information, and thus is key to effective patient education animation.
Publisher's Comment
Authors: Schnitz Gary
Published: December 2019

Welcome to the Journal of Biocommunication’s issue 43-2.This represents our seventh issue designed for our new mixed publishing format. By definition, open access literature is online, digital, and is free of charge. This new JBC publishing model supports those authors and content creators who wish to retain a traditional copyright to their work. However, this new publishing model also supports open access articles written by authors, who are reporting on grant-funded research. Many funding sources, government agencies, universities, and foundations now require their supported research to be published in open access, peer-reviewed journals.
Impact of Visual Scientific Data on Comprehension and Perception of Educational Animations for Biomedical Researchers
Authors: Calvo Isabel Romero , Lebowicz Leah , Young Christine , Brennan Kevin
Published: December 2019

Due to the rapid evolution of biomedical research, it is crucial to effectively communicate new technological advances in topics such as organoid models in cancer therapeutics to help improve health outcomes. Visual communication, including animation, has been shown to improve cognition and understanding of complex biological processes. However, there is contradictory information about the amount of detail that should be used for effective communication when utilizing animation.Although it is known that the inclusion of detailed references increases the scientific community’s perceived credibility of the visualization, the effect of including visual scientific data is unknown. This research examines the impact of including visual scientific data in an educational animation by analyzing biomedical researchers’ perception of credibility and learning outcomes with respect to cancer organoid research.
Autopsy Brain Removal Training Using Virtual Reality Simulation
Authors: Choi Insil
Published: December 2019

Hospital autopsy is important for diagnosing neurodegenerative disease in deceased patients. Despite its importance, training autopsy brain removal is challenging for autopsy assistants due to lack of availability of real specimens, initial hesitation to perform the procedure because of proximity to the face, and limited teaching tools. To address these deficits, a virtual reality (VR) simulation was created to teach proper methods to perform the steps of the procedure. This simulation features real-time visual feedback of user performance during the step of opening the cranium with an oscillating saw in order to assist in skill improvement. It also provides an immersive VR interactive experience using realistic virtual patient models, sound effects, and haptic responses.
Morphology of Memory: Creating a Web-Based 3D Interactive Resource to Teach the Anatomy of the Human Hippocampus
Authors: Brandt Alisa , Nauen David , Miller Michael , Gregg Lydia
Published: December 2019

The hippocampus is a critical region of the brain involved in memory and learning and is composed of layered, interconnected regions. Despite the importance of understanding normal hippocampal anatomy for studying its functions and disease processes that affect it, didactic educational visualizations are severely limited. To help graduate students and scientists better understand and visualize the human hippocampus, a web-based interactive resource was created that included a 3D animation and manipulatable 3D models of hippocampal regions. These resources allow users to expand their comprehension of this complex anatomy.
Influence of Expertise on Perception and Understanding on Viewing a Molecular Animation of the Lung Endothelial Surface Layer and its Role in Inflammation
Authors: Michaels Chinami Emi , Brennan Kevin , Lebowicz Leah , Dull Randal , Young Christine
Published: December 2019

At the University of Illinois College of Medicine Anesthesiology Research department, lung trauma researchers aimed to generate interest in the importance of the lung endothelial surface layer in inflammation. However, they had difficulty describing the dynamic molecular structure of the lung endothelial surface layer and its role in inflammatory processes in the lung. A 3D animation was created because of its ability to communicate a rich and complex molecular narrative. Prior studies have shown that, for scientific animations, level of expertise of the viewer influences how an animation is perceived. This study aimed to improve lung trauma researchers’ ability to generate interest in their research and to assess if prior knowledge affects how biomedical animations are perceived in terms of engagement by analyzing eye-tracking.
Entrepreneurial Intention: Does Entrepreneurial Education Matter in Pakistan?
Authors: Anjum Temoor , Ramzani Sara Ravan , Nazar Nida , Shahzad Imran Ahmed , Salman Shahrukh
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial education. Data were collected with the help of a structure questionnaire; a total 595 responses were collected back. SmartPLS was used to test the hypothesized relationship. The findings showed that entrepreneurial intentions are strongly and positively related to entrepreneurial education.