bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empat Koreografer Tari Kontemporer Indonesia Periode 1990-2008
Authors: Supriyanto Eko , Haryono Timbul , - R.M. Sudarsono , Murgiyanto Sal
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTÂ This research will elaborate four Indonesian contemporary choreographers, which lead to open the significant of embodiment process on Indonesian dancers. With a focus on four choreographers, Mar- tinus Miroto, Mugiyono Kasido, Hartati, and Jecko Siompo. A case study of body of those four choreo- graphers has reached its â€œinstitutionalâ€ level, so choosing those four characters, as a representation of Indonesian dancer is the right thing to do. With the complexity discipline and body work training, the four dancers and choreographer strengthening on how procession to achieve and advancing body work is located in some important process: exercise, training, and performance. This is diï¬€erent from the pro- cess of body works quality and the achievement of most dancers and choreographer outside of Indonesia. Usually the dancers outside of Indonesia only stress on two things: Training and performance. The four dancers in the work have had a typical body works each of them, but it is undeniable that there is a role in the respective Sardono as the maestro. Sardonoâ€™s strong influence thus again took place in forming a model to the body or body-dance attitude of dancers who then the outcome was, in fact, diï¬€erent from Sardonoâ€™s works.Â Keywords: contemporary, embodied, training, rehearsal, performanceÂ Â ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini membahas empat koreografer, dalam membuka wacana proses ketubuhan penari di Indonesia. Empat koreografer tersebut, Martinus Miroto, Mugiyono Kasido, Hartati, dan Jecko Siompo, memperlihatkan betapa kompleksitas proses ketubuhan mereka berbeda dengan penari dan koreografer pada umumnya, terutama dari luar Indonesia. Mereka mem- berikan pengalaman yang detail tentang pendisiplinan tubuh mereka untuk mencapai sebuah capaian dan keunggulan. Dengan kompleksitas disiplin dan training ketubuhan, keempat penari dan koreografer ini menggukuhkan betapa proses pencapaian dan kemuktahiran tubuh terletak pada beberapa proses penting: Training, Latihan, dan Pementasan. Jika ditilik secara ke- seluruhan, keempat penari ini mempunyai pengalaman belajar, atau setidaknya pernah men- galami proses menari bersama Sardono W. Kusumo. Ketubuhan yang yang dieksplorasi adalah ciri khas dari Sardono yang dikenal dengan laku dalam bahasa Jawa. Walaupun belajar dari Sar- dono, keempat koreografer tersebut mengembangkan tarian yang berbeda dengan Sardono.Â Kata kunci: kontemporer, ketubuhan, training, latihan, pementasan
Fetisisme Ras Kaukasoid dan Ras Mongoloid Sebagai Strategi Pemasaran dalam Sinetron Indonesia
Authors: Yudhistira Dimas , Priyatna Aquarini , Mahzumi Dade
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Popular culture that rises with industrialization influences the production of film in Indonesia. One of genres of Indonesiaâ€™s film is soap opera. Soap opera has two sides, the first side as market com- modity and the second side as popular art, whichcategorized itself as kitsch. As producing their pro- duct, soap opera has to see trough the background of its society. This research used qualitative method. The research resultsmost of Indonesian are Malaya that have colonized by Caucasian and Mongolian before 1945 and after that. It causes eï¬€ect of fantasies that create the stereotype about Caucasian and Mongolian appearances. Stereotype makes Malaya have fetishism about Caucasian and Mongolianâ€™s appearance. Director of soap opera uses this kind of fetishism as appeal to audiences in Indonesia. Displaying the racial half-bred of body of actress and actor in soap opera is become one of marketing strategy to promote soap opera. This is why half-breed actress and actor always get the important role in Indonesian soap opera.Â Keywords: soap opera, kitsch, race, fetishismÂ Â Â Â ABSTRAKÂ Budaya populer yang tumbuh seiring dengan industrialisasi memengaruhi produksi per- filman di Indonesia. Salah satu genre perfilman di Indonesia adalah sinetron. Sinetron yang di- kategorikan sebagai produk seni kitsch memiliki dua kriteria yaitu sebagai komoditi seni yang populer dan sebagai komoditi dagang yang menghasilkan keuntungan ekonomis. Sebagai se- buah produk seni kitsch yang merupakan dasar pembuatan karyanya adalah selera masyarakat kebanyakan maka sinetron harus jeli dalam melihat keadaan dan latar belakang masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan masyara- kat Indonesia yang merupakan ras Melayu telah dÄ³ajah oleh ras Kaukasoid dan Mongoloid sebelum tahun 1945 dan setelahnya. Efek dari penjajahan ini adalah ras Melayu telah ditanami fantasi yang menjadi stereotip mengenai ras Kaukasoid dan Mongoloid yang berakhir dengan fetisisme. Fetisisme ini dÄ³adikan sebagai strategi pemasaran oleh produser dan sutradara un- tuk menarik antusiasme calon penonton sinetron. Caranya dengan menampilkan aktor dan aktris Melayu keturunan Kaukasoid dan Mongoloid sebagai pemeran utama.Â Kata kunci: sinetron, seni kitsch, ras, fetisisme
Praktik Identitas dalam Desain Kemasan Makanan UKM
Authors: Hidayat Moch. Junaidi , - Faruk HT , Simatupang Lono Lastoro , Pialang Yasraf Amir
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Small-Medium Scale Business continues to make creative process especially by making serious eï¬€ort to change the Small-Medium Scale Business image that during this time as the subcultural eco- nomic movement to be the great economic power. One of the eï¬€orts is through packaging design. The objective of this research is: a) to know the identity practice of Small â€“ Medium Scale business through packaging design, b) to describe the reposition eï¬€ort of Small â€“ Medium Scale Business through packag- ing design in economic political practice of packaging design.Through cultural studies approach, this article is the result of research revealing the practice of identity made by Small-Medium Scale Business especially Small-Medium Scale Business of snack as the typical souvenir of Malang Regency, East Java, namely fruit snack. The finding shows practice of identity of Small-Medium Scale Business through packaging design, namely visualization, material up to production pattern of packaging design. Other findings of this research is the eï¬€ort of Small Medium Scale Business in improving packaging image of its products as the part of reposition of Small-Me- dium Scale Business to win the market competition. In this case, it is realized as the point in economic political practice. Therefore, this research is capable of providing the result of practice of identity made by Small Medium Scale Business through packaging design by means of critical analysis of cultural studies.Â Keywords: design, packaging, practice of IdentityÂ Â Â Â ABSTRAKÂ UKM terus melakukan proses kreatif khususnya berupaya merubah citra UKM yang se- lama ini sebagai gerakan ekonomi subkultur menjadi kekuatan ekonomi yang besar. Salah satu upaya itu dilakukan melalui desain kemasan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan: a) mengetahui praktek identitas UKM melalui desain kemasan, b) mendeskripsikan upaya reposisi UKM me- lalui desain kemasan dalam praktek politik ekonomi desain kemasan.Melalui pendekatan etnografi, tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang mengungkap tentang praktek identitas yang dilakukan oleh UKM khususnya UKM makanan ringan sebagai oleh-oleh khas dari Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur yakni keripik buah. Hasil yang sudah di dapatkan adalah praktek identitas UKM melalui desain kemasan yakni visualisasi, material, hingga pola produksi desain kemasan. Penemuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah upaya UKM guna menaikkan citra kemasan hasil produksinya sebagai bagian reposisi UKM sebagai bagian guna memenangkan persaingan pasar. Dimana hal ini disadari sebagai sebuah ujung dalam praktek politik ekonomi. Sehingga, penelitian ini mampu memberikan hasil bagaimana praktek identitas yang dilakukan UKM melalui desain kemasan dengan analisis kritis cultural studies.Â Â Â Kata kunci: desain, kemasan, praktek identitas
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL STAD DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SIWA
Authors: Esminarto Esminarto , Sukowati Sukowati , Suryowati Nur , Anam Khoirul
Published: October 2017

Pembelajaran yang dilakukan seharusnya menyenangkan bagi siswa sehingga dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa sehingga ikut meningkatkan hasil belajar pada siswa. Kenyataanya sebagian guru lebih suka menerapkan model pembelajaran konvensional. Model pembelajaran cooperative tipe STAD menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) adalah pembelajaran kooperatif yang paling sederhana, dan merupakan pembelajaran kooperatif yang cocok digunakan untuk mengaktifkan siswa. Hasil dari penerapan STAD yang dilakukan oleh guru adalah STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran pada siswa.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKn MATERI GLOBALISASI MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TALKING CHIPS
Authors: Suprapti Lilik
Published: October 2017

Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan selama 2 siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Puri dengan jumlah siswa 30 anak. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, dimana setiap siklus membutuhkan waktu 2×35 menit dalam waktu 2 minggu pada bulan April 2016. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Setelah diterapkannya metode pembelajaran Talking Chips berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil persiklus, proses pembelajaran berjalan dengan baik dan terbukti efektif baik dalam meningkatkan keaktivan serta kreativitas siswa. Begitu pula dengan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa telah mengalami peningkatan dengan dibuktikannya prosentase nilai di atas KKM (70) pada siklus II mencapai 85%.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SIFAT-SIFAT PENGERJAAN HITUNG BILANGAN BULAT MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TPS (THINK PAIR SHARE)
Authors: Napi'ah Napi'ah
Published: October 2017

This study was conducted at the first semester at fifth grade student of SDN PURI Mojokerto in Academic Year 2013-2014. This study uses classroom action research consists of two cycles. The objects of this study as much as 23 students. The data in this study were analyzed using descriptive analysis in order to describe the teacher’s activities, the student’s activities and student’s learning outcomes in learning. The results of this study showed the average of learning outcomes in the second cycle increased from the first cycle in the amount of 84,57 with the classical completeness 73,91 %. Thus model implementaion of cooperative learning type TPS (Think Pair Share) can increase the teacher’s activities, student’s activities and learning outcomes of fifth grade students of SDN PURI Mojokerto in Academic Year 2013-2014.
Penerapan Model Kooperatif STAD untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Bilangan Pecahan
Authors: Arifin Akhmad Bisri
Published: October 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa dan hasil belajar siswa dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 siklus dengan subyek siswa kelas V sebanyak 29 siswa di SDN Kaligoro Kecamatan Kutorejo Tahun 2016/2017. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian selama dua siklus diperoleh prosentase aktivitas peserta didik dalam model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD meningkat menjadi 86,7 % pada siklus II dan dikategorikan sangat aktif. Hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD perolehan nilai rata-rata peserta didik pada siklus II nilai rata-rata peserta didik meningkat menjadi 80,17 dengan prosentase ketuntasan 93,10%.
Dewan Editorial
Authors: Redaksi Dewan
Published: October 2017

BRILLIANT

JURNAL RISET DAN KONSEPTUAL

Volume 2, Nomor 1, Februari 2017,

Halaman 1 - 123

P-ISSN: 2541-4216

E-ISSN: 2541-4224

Laman E-Jounal BRILLIANT

www.journal.unublitar.ac.id/briliant
Model Quantum Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pecahan
Authors: Astuti Wiji
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran Quantum Learning pada materi pecahan dapat meningkatkan aktifitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 25 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh, hasil belajar siswa yang tuntas siklus I sebanyak 14 siswa dengan ketuntasan klasikal 56% dan meningkat pada siklus II sebanyak 21 siswa ketuntasan klasikal 84%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Quantum Learning pada materi pecahan dapat meningkatkan aktifitas belajar siswa dan hasil belajar matematika siswa.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Mata Pelajaran IPA melalui Model Pembelajaran Bamboo Dancing
Authors: Subani Subani
Published: October 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah peningkatan prestasi belajar mata pelajaran IPA melalui model pembelajaran bamboo dancing bagi siswa kelas VI di SDN 1 Watuagung Kecamatan Watulimo Kabupaten Trenggalek. Subjek yang diteliti adalah siswa kelas VI semester I tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 di SDN 1 Watuagung Kecamatan Watulimo kabupaten Trenggalek yang berjumlah 10 siswa. Data dianalisis secara statistik, dan menghasilkan kesimpulan : “Terjadi peningkatan prestasi belajar mata pelajaran IPA melalui model pembelajaran bamboo dancing bagi siswa kelas VI di SDN 1 Watuagung Kecamatan Watulimo Kabupaten Trenggalek pada semester I tahun pelajaran 2016/2017.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas V
Authors: Subekti Pri
Published: October 2017

Melalui penerapan model pembelajaran problem solving, siswa akan aktif melakukan percobaan untuk memecahkan masalah sehingga aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dalam memecahkan masalah meningkat. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan kualitatif interaktif yang dilakukan secara bersiklus. Prosentase ketuntasan hasil belajar klasikal siklus-2 yaitu 100% dengan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar kelas 90,04. Penerapan model pembelajaran problem solving pada pembelajaran IPA materi pokok pengungkit di kelas V SDN 2 Gembleb Kecamatan Pogalan Kabupaten Trenggalek dapat diterapkan dengan baik sekali.
Penerapan Model Pair Checks Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar IPS Kelas VI
Authors: Zaenab Siti
Published: October 2017

Mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) seringkali dianggap sulit sehingga banyak siswa yang gagal atau mencapai nilai (prestasi belajar) yang relatif rendah. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan tidakan guna mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. salah satu tindakan yang tepat adaah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran pair cheks. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan prestasi belajar mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) materi gejala alam dengan  model pembelajaran Pair Checks (pasangan mengecek). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya eningkatan prestasi beajar IPS setelah menggunakan model ini. Anak yang memenuhi KKM telah melebihi angka ketuntasan kelas.
At the crossroads
Authors: Dixit Hemang
Published: October 2017

Not available.Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 5, No. 2, Issue 16, Apr.-Jun., 2016, page: 41-43
Incidence and predictors of severe obstetric morbidity in a teaching hospital
Authors: Bajagain Rupa , Saha Rachana Saha
Published: October 2017

Background: Evaluation of severe obstetric morbidity is an important aspect of optimum maternal health. Towards this, the Water stone and Mantel criteria have been used to know the incidence, predictors and causes of severe obstetric morbidity.Objectives: The study aimed to estimate incidence, predictors and causes of obstetric morbidity at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital.Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was carried out from 1st September 2014 to 31st August 2015. All cases of severe obstetric morbidity according to the Mantel and Water stone criteria were identified. The socio-demographic and healthcare characteristics of extremely severe cases were compared with controls which included women who were admitted before and after the indexed cases.Results: There were 2270 deliveries during the study period, out of which 74 cases of severe obstetric morbidities were identified i.e. an incidence of 32.5 per 1000 deliveries. During the study period, there were three maternal deaths attributed to conditions studied. Disease-specific morbidities per 1000 deliveries were 18.9 for haemorrhage, 9.2 for severe pre-eclampsia, 0.88 for eclampsia, 0.44 for haemolysis elevated liver enzyme and low platelet count and 3.08 for sepsis. A total of 26 patients were admitted in Intensive care unit which was 1.145 per 100 of total deliveries.Conclusion: Severe obstetric morbidity and its relation to mortality may be more sensitive measures of pregnancy outcome than mortality alone. In this study, most events are related to obstetric haemorrhage and severe pre-eclampsia.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College Vol. 5, No. 2, Issue 16, Apr.-Jun., 2016, page: 44-48
Analysis of serum lactate level in septic shock at Emergency Department of Patan Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Batajoo Kabita Hada , Thapa Rashmi , Shrestha Roshana , Shrestha Ashis , Acharya Samita , Bajracharya Sumana
Published: October 2017

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of death in emergency department. Serum lactate level assessment can play an important role for risk assessment and prognostication in critically ill septic patient.Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the relevance of initial serum lactate measurement after the implementation of sepsis protocol in emergency department, based on guidelines of Surviving Sepsis Campaign.Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted at Patan Hospital from January 2014 to January 2015 among 94 sample of serum lactate who had clinical suspicion of sepsis as per established sepsis emergency department protocol. Data of serum lactate sent from emergency department was noted from the registry book of department of biochemistry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences. Based on clinical practice the obtained lactate results were stratified intothreerisk groups: high (> 4 mmol/L), intermediate (2.5 to 3.99 mmol/L) and low (< 2.5 mmol/L).Result: Out of the total 94 samples, 56 (59.6%) were male and 38 (40.4%) were female. Mean lactate level in males was 5.73 mmol/L and that in females was 5.47 mmol/L. Abnormal lactate level was predominantly high 85 (80%) out of which 31 (29%) had intermediate whereas more than half 54 (50.76%) had high lactate level.Conclusion: This study tells that clinically diagnosed sepsis do have higher serum lactate level. So, in our context, this needs to be explored to be used for early diagnosis of sepsis.Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 5, No. 2, Issue 16, Apr.-Jun., 2016, page: 49-51
High prevalence of prehypertension in mothers of young children in peri-urban Nepal
Authors: Vaidya Abhinav , Oli Natalia , Krettek Alexandra
Published: October 2017

Background: Prehypertension is clinically defined as a level of blood pressure between normal and hypertension, i.e. elevated systolic blood pressure between120-139 or diastolic blood pressure between 80-89 mm Hg. Prehypertension remains neglected as a public health problem, and has not been explored in mothers with small children in Nepal.Objectives: We aimed to study prehypertension and its related factors including obesity-related parameters among mothers with children aged 1-7 years in Duwakot and Jhaukhel communities of Bhaktapur district, Nepal.Methods: We prepared a sampling frame of all the eligible mothers, and interviewed 962 mothers. The trained enumerators also measured their blood pressure, body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. We analysed data with SPSS version 22. We received ethical approval from the Nepal Health Research Council to conduct the study, and obtained informed verbal consent from the participating mothers.Results: About one-third (31.8%) of the mothers had prehypertension. It was more common among Newars and those aged 30-34 years. Multivariate analysis did not reveal significant association with socio demographic variables except for education. We found positive correlations between blood pressure and obesity parameters. Overweight and obese participants were 2.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-4.73) and 4.65 (95% confidence interval: 1.92-11.23) times, respectively, more likely to have prehypertension than underweight mothers.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of prehypertension, coupled with high obesity parameters, among young mothers of peri-urban Nepal. Primordial preventive efforts at community level are needed not only for the mothers themselves, but for heart-health of their offspring as well.Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 5, No. 2, Issue 16, Apr.-Jun., 2016, page: 52-60
Depression among pregnant women: A hospital based study
Authors: Shrestha Dipty
Published: October 2017

Background: Being a mother for every woman is of great pride. But this moment of happiness and pride is associated with depression that might affect the health of both the mother and the baby. So this matter has to be looked into and taken care of but is not being done especially in our context.Objective: To identify the prevalence of depression and its severity in pregnant women from 14 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital.Methods: This is a descriptive and prospective study where 195 pregnant women from 14 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation were enrolled. The study was conducted at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from 1st October 2015 to 1st February 2016. The Centre For Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used in this study to identify depression in pregnancy. This is a structured scale used worldwide to study the relationship between depression and pregnancy. It consists of 20 items; each given a score of 0, 1,2 and 3. A total score of 16 or more is considered depression. After taking informed consent, cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were asked questions as per the scale and scoring were done.Results: Among the total 195 cases, eight (4.1%) had CESD scale scoring above 16 indicating depression and among these eight cases, five were in the age group of 18 – 25 years, two in the age group of 26 – 30 years and one in the age group of more than 30 years.Conclusion: This study did not show definite relationship between depression and pregnancy. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College Vol. 5, No. 2, Issue 16, Apr.-Jun., 2016
Level of physical activity and obesity among the adolescent school children in Bhaktapur: A cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Sainju Nayan Kamal , Manandhar Naresh , Vaidya Anira , Joshi Sunil Kumar
Published: October 2017

Background: Physical activity is crucial for overall health and well-being of an individual. As childhood obesity has emerged as a serious public health concern, physical activity is a proven tool for prevention and treatment of this type of obesity. As lifestyle and behavior pattern is formed at the adolescence age, it is essential that healthy lifestyle and good food habit should start at this age. Hence, we aimed to fi nd the level of physical activity and obesity among the adolescent school children in this study.Objectives: The objective of the study was to fi nd the level of physical activity and obesity among the adolescent school children in a Bhaktapur school.Method: This is a cross sectional pilot study conducted in October 2015 at a private school in Bhaktapur, Nepal. A total of 83 students studying in class eight, nine and ten were included in the study. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used, height and weight were measured and a BMI index for age percentile growth chart was used to interpret the Basal Metabolic Index of the participants.Result: Out of the total 83 respondents, 31.3% of the respondents performed physical activity for at least 60 minutes a day for more than three days per week and 37.3% participants performed the same for less than three days per week. Twelve percent of the total participants were either overweight or obese.Conclusion: The amount of physical activity in majority of the students is not adequate. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescence is high. Sedentary life style, increasing trends of indoor game and consumption of junk food are responsible for increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adolescence. Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 5, No. 2, Issue 16, Apr.-Jun., 2016, page: 65-70
A Case Report on Radiologic Findings of Thyrolipomatosis: a Rare Fat Containing Lesion diffusely Infiltrating throughout the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Bhargava Abhishek , Jaiswa Gagan
Published: October 2017

A 73-year-old male presented with rapidly enlarging midline neck swelling of two months duration. Respiratory discomfort during breathing and hoarseness of voice occurred since few days. Clinical diagnosis was multinodular goitre. Sonography showed diffusely enlarged thyroid gland with altered echotexture. Multiple nodular echogenic lesions were noted in both the lobes. Unenhanced Computed tomography of the thorax and neck revealed a mass with no distinct margins and predominantly fat attenuation in both lobes of the thyroid gland. Magnetic Resonance images of the neck confirmed the fatty nature of the mass. These imaging findings signalled towards diffuse presence of mature adipose tissue inside thyroid gland which defi nes thyrolipomatosis. A near total thyroidectomy was performed and histopathological studies confirmed thyrolipomatosis in the post-operative specimen.Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 5, No. 2, Issue 16, Apr.-Jun., 2016
Differences of Tooth Colorimetric Parameters L*a*b* Depended on Age
Authors: Pustina Krasniqi Teuta , Lila-Krasniqi Zana , Ajeti Nexhmije , Shala Kujtim , Bicaj Teuta , Dula Linda
Published: October 2017

AIM: The study aimed to analyse differences in colourimetric parameters L*a*b*, depended on age.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study were included 255 subjects with age interval from 20 to 49 years. The subjects were divided into three groups, as follows: in the younger group were 20 to 29 years of age, those in the middle group 30 to 39 years and older group 40 to 49 years. The overall number of analysed teeth in the intercanine sector of the maxilla was 2295. The colour of the teeth was measured using the spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade.RESULTS: The results for differences in the colourimetric parameters in relation with age were tested with Pearson Chi-square (c2). For c 2 = 572, 87 and df = 124 there was a statistical significant difference between the ages P < 0.001.CONCLUSION: In this study, it was concluded that the parameter L* - Lightness was decreasing when age increased. In the age group, 20 to 29 years L* was 83.2, whereas in the older group of this investigation; 40 to 49 years was 79.4. In the youngest group, the parameter a* was - 0.7, whereas with increasing of age this parameter was -0.5. The values for parameter b* from the youngest to the older group were from 21.7 to 23.9.
Influence of Gender and Age on Average Dimensions of Arteries Forming the Circle of Willis Study by Magnetic Resonance Angiography on Kosovo’s Population
Authors: Shatri Jeton , Bexheti Dorentina , Bexheti Sadi , Kabashi Serbeze , Krasniqi Shaip , Ahmetgjekaj Ilir , Zhjeqi Valbona
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Circulus arteriosus cerebri is the main source of blood supply to the brain; it connects the left and right hemispheres with anterior and posterior parts. Located at the interpenducular fossa at the base of the brain the circle of Willis is the most important source of collateral circulation in the presence of the disease in the carotid or vertebral artery.AIM: The purpose of the research is to study the diameter and length of arteries and provide an important source of reference on Kosovo’s population.METHODS: This is an observative descriptive study performed at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo. A randomised sample of 133 angiographic examinations in adult patients of both sexes who were instructed to exploration is included.RESULTS: The diameters and lengths measured in our study were comparable with other brain-cadaver studies especially those performed by MRA. All dimensions of the arteries are larger in male than female, except the diameter of PCoA that is larger in female (p < 0.05) and length of the ACoA (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in diameters of arteries between the younger and the older age groups.CONCLUSION: Knowing the dimensions of the arteries of the circle of Willis has a great importance in interventional radiology as well as during anatomy lessons.
Frequency of Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders among Prishtina Dental Students
Authors: Bicaj Teuta , Shala Kujtim , Krasniqi Teuta Pustina , Ahmedi Enis , Dula Linda , Lila-Krasniqi Zana
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is important for prevention of greater damages of the parts of the oro-facial system. There are early symptoms that can be used as predictors of TMD.AIM: The study aimed to assess the frequency of the symptoms of TMD among dental students.METHODS: Total number of 166 respondents, all undergraduate dental students, (84 female, 82 male), mean age 22, participated in this study. For the study, the questionnaire of Fonseca was used. There were ten questions to answer with: no, sometimes and yes. Fonseca-Clinical index classification is: 0-15 points, no TMD; 20-40 points, mild TMD; 45-65 points, moderate TMD and 70-100 points, severe TMD.RESULTS: Forty-six point four percentages of the students, had no symptoms of TMD, 44.6 % had mild TMD, 7.8% moderate TMD and only 1.2 % had severe TMD. By conventional criteria, there is not any statistical difference of the TMD between male and female (c2 = 1.133, p = 0.769).CONCLUSION: Fonseca questionnaire has its importance in the early diagnosis of TMD that can occur in the young population.
Traumatic Transient Herniation Concomitant with Tonsillar Hemorrhagic Contusion in a Child
Authors: Öğrenci Ahmet , Koban Orkun , Ekşi Murat , Yaman Onur , Dalbayrak Sedat
Published: October 2017

Downward displacement of cerebellar tonsils more than 5 mm below the foramen magnum is named as Chiari type I malformation and named benign tonsillar ectopia if herniation is less than 3 mm. It does not just depend on congenital causes. There are also some reasons for acquired Chiari Type 1 and benign tonsillar ectopia/herniation. Trauma is one of them. Trauma may increase tonsillar ectopia or may be the cause of new-onset Chiari type 1. The relationship between the tonsil contusion and its position is unclear. We present a case of pediatric age group with tonsillar herniation with a hemorrhagic contusion. Only 1 case has been presented so far in the literature. A case with unilateral tonsil contusion has not been presented to date. We will discuss the possible reasons for taking the place of the tonsils to the above level of the foramen magnum in the follow-up period, by looking at the literature.
Complete Dentures Fabricated with CAD/CAM Technology and a Traditional Clinical Recording Method
Authors: Janeva Nadica , Kovacevska Gordana , Janev Edvard
Published: October 2017

The introduction of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology into complete denture (CD) fabrication ushered in a new era in removable prosthodontics. Commercially available CAD/CAM denture systems are expected to improve upon the disadvantages associated with conventional fabrication. The purpose of this report is to present the workflow involved in fabricating a CD with a traditional clinical recording method and CAD/CAM technology and to summarize the advantages to the dental practitioner and the patient.
Effect of Flunarizine on Serum Glutamate Levels and its Correlation with Headache Intensity in Chronic Tension-Type Headache Patients
Authors: Surbakti Khairul Putra , Sjahrir Hasan , Juwita-Sembiring Rosita , Mutiara Erna
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Some of the excitatory neurotransmitters including glutamate have been suggested to be involved in headache pathophysiology. To our knowledge, there is a lack of publication about flunarizine efficacy in chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) treatments and the roles of glutamate in CTTH pathophysiology.AIM: This study aimed to investigate the flunarizine effect on serum levels of glutamate and its correlation with headache intensity based on the Numeric Rating Scale for pain (NRS) scores in CTTH patients.METHOD: In a prospective randomised, double-blind study with pre and post-test design, seventy-three CTTH patients were randomly allocated with flunarizine 5 mg, flunarizine 10 mg and amitriptyline 12.5 mg groups. The serum levels of glutamate and NRS scores were measured before and after 15-day treatment.RESULTS: Flunarizine 5 mg was more effective than flunarizine 10 mg and amitriptyline 12.5 mg in reducing serum glutamate levels, whereas amitriptyline 12.5 mg was the most effective in reducing headache intensity. There was found nonsignificant, but very weak negative correlation between headache intensity and serum glutamate levels after flunarizine 5 mg administration (r = -0.062; P = 0.385), nonsignificant very weak negative correlation after flunarizine 10 mg administration (r = -0.007; P = 0.488) and there was found a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.508; P = 0.007) between headache intensity and serum glutamate levels after amitriptyline 12.5 mg administration.CONCLUSION: Since there was no significant correlation found between serum glutamate and headache intensity after treatment with flunarizine, it is suggested that decreasing of headache intensity after flunarizine treatment occurred not through glutamate pathways in CTTH patients.
Frequency of Electrocardiographic Changes in Trained Athletes in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Karagjozova Ivanka , Petrovska Suncica , Nikolic Slobodan , Maleska-Ivanovska Vesela , Georgievska-Ismail Ljubica
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: The use of a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) in the screening of young athletes still has some controversies regarding the cost-benefit of the procedure.AIM: We wanted to identify types and frequency of ECG changes in athletes in the Republic of Macedonia as well as its relation to age, gender, duration, frequency and type of sports.METHODS: The study population included 256 trained amateur athletes who were prospectively examined.RESULTS: The 12-lead ECG patterns were considered normal in 19.9% of athletes, with common training-related changes found in 48.8%, while abnormal and borderline ECG changes were present in 6.6% and 24.6% of athletes respectively. ECG changes were more frequent in males than in females without significant difference regarding the age of athletes. There was a significant correlation between more pronounced ECG changes and longer duration of sports engagement, higher duration of sports activity and type of sport practised.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of abnormal ECG patterns in athletes in RM which could indicate structural cardiac disease and greater risk of sudden cardiac death exist in a proportion that should implicate mandatory 12-lead ECG in the pre-participation screening program and further on the regular annual basis.
Fasting Ghrelin Levels Are Decreased in Obese Subjects and Are Significantly Related With Insulin Resistance and Body Mass Index
Authors: Papandreou Dimitrios , Karavolias Christos , Arvaniti Fotini , Kafeza Eleana , Sidawi Fatima
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide that predominantly produced by the stomach. Strong evidence indicates the effects of ghrelin in the regulation of metabolic functions and its potential role in the aetiology of obesity.AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of ghrelin levels with obesity, insulin resistance and glucose in normal and obese subjects.METHODS: Thirteen normal (n = 13) and seven (n = 7) obese weight subjects aged 20-22 participated in the study. Fasting plasma ghrelin, insulin and glucose levels were measured after overnight fasting. HOMA-IR was calculated to evaluate insulin resistance.RESULTS: Ghrelin and insulin levels were found to be statistically significantly lower and higher in obese subjects (P < 0.001), respectively. Glucose levels were clinically higher in obese subjects but not statistically significant. Fasting plasma ghrelin was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.77, P < 0.001), fasting insulin levels (r = -0.55, P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.66, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between ghrelin and glucose. In multiple regression analysis, insulin levels (Beta: -2.66, 95% CI: -2.49, -2.78, P < 0.001) HOMA-IR (Beta: -2.41, 95% CI: -2.33, -2.55, P < 0.001) and BMI (Beta: -1.77, 95% CI: -1.66, -1.89, P < 0.001) were significant independent determinants of fasting ghrelin.CONCLUSION: Obese subjects have low fasting ghrelin levels that they are significantly related to insulin resistance and body mass index. More prospective studies are needed to establish the role of ghrelin in the pathogenesis of human obesity.
Nitrous Oxide Exposure of Health Care Personnel in the Operating Rooms and Intensive Care Units in Hospitals in Macedonia
Authors: Eftimova Biljana , Mirakovski Dejan , Sholjakova Marija , Hadzi-Nikolova Marija
Published: October 2017

AIM: To determine average personal exposure to nitrous oxide for anaesthesiologists and nurses working in operating rooms (ORs) and intensive care units (ICU) in Clinical Hospital in Shtip, ENT University Clinic in Skopje and General Hospital in Kochani.METHODS: To determine TWA exposure nitrous oxide concentration was continuously measured over 8 hours shift within breathing zone of the subjects involved, using the handheld electrochemical instrument with data logging option. Results obtained were statistically processed.RESULTS: Highest TWA exposures (well above RELs) were found for nurses and anaesthesiologists in ORs in CH – Shtip, because of high workload in substandard conditions. TWA exposures in CH – Kochani were found to be significantly lower although in substandard conditions, mostly due to lower workload. TWA exposures found in ORs in ENT UC – Skopje is within RELs due to good work practices and proper ORs equipment.CONCLUSIONS: Study indicated significant exposure of personal working in substandard ORs in CH – Shtip. Applying proper work practices and maintain control equipment (general ventilation and scavenging systems) in operation, could provide for safe work environment.
Health Effects Associated With Exposure to Anesthetic Gas Nitrous Oxide-N2O in Clinical Hospital – Shtip Personel
Authors: Eftimova Bilijana , Sholjakova Marija , Mirakovski Dejan , Hadzi-Nikolova Marija
Published: October 2017

AIM: To show certain health effects associated with acute and chronic exposure to nitrous oxide of staff of the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care at the Clinical Hospital in Shtip.METHODS: A transversal study was conducted, that include 43 health workers (23 – exposed and 20 - unexposed) Personal exposure to nitrous oxide for this group members was assessed through continuous measurement over 8 hours shift within breathing zone of the subjects involved, using handheld electrochemical instrument with datalogging option direct. In order to determine presence of possible health effects associated with acute and chronic exposure to nitrous oxide in ORs and ICUs, a specially designed questionnaire was prepared and distributed to be anonymously filled out, by all the examinees from both examined groups. Data were statistically tested for normality and also quantitative and qualitative assessment was performed.RESULTS: From the results obtained, a significant difference in several health effects between exposed and unexposed groups can be noted, including headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, euphoria and tachycardia. Regarding the excitement, the appearance of depression, the feeling of numbness and tingling of the hands and feet, the differences between the two examined groups were not significant.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that chronic exposure to nitrous oxide is associated with the adverse health effects.
Liposuction Assisted Lipoma Removal – Option or Alternative?
Authors: Peev Igor , Spasevska Liljana , Mirchevska Elizabeta , Tudzarova-Gjorgova Smilja
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Lipomas are the most frequent soft -tissue tumors arising from adipose tissue. Traditionally, open surgery is a mainstay of their treatment. Recently, new treatment modalities emerge in order to decrease morbidity, to increase satisfaction rate in patents, but not to raise recurrence risk at the same time.AIM: The aim of this article is to present our experience with liposuction assisted lipoma removal in terms of efficacy, complications, risk of recurrence and patient satisfaction.METHODS: The study was prospective in which treated lipomas with vacuum suction were analyzed. Preoperative diagnosis comprised clinical exam and additional diagnostic tools as to rule out malignancy. Subcutaneous lipomas with diameter of at least 5cm were taken into account. Tumescent liposuction technique with modification was used.RESULTS: Lipoma’s size, distribution and demographics are given. Total removal with affordable rate of complication was achieved in each case. No recurrences in 12 months follow-up period were seen. Satisfaction rate in patients was high.CONCLUSION: Liposuction assisted lipoma removal is a good alternative to open approach lipectomy and we would recommend its use in selected cases where, it might be more advantageous. However, prospective randomized controlled studies are needed in order to estimate its accurate clinical value.
The Use of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Fatty Liver and Abdominal Fat Distribution among a Saudi Population
Authors: Gasim Gasim Ibrahim , Elshehri Fahd Mohamed , Kheidr Mahmoud Mahmoud , Alshubaily Fahad Khalid , ElZaki ElZaki Mohamed , Musa Imad R.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: The pandemic of obesity is striking heavily worldwide and particularly among the affluent Gulf States where it is expected to continue to rise along with its complications.AIM: To examine the link between liver fat infiltration and abdominal fat amount using plain computer-assisted tomography (CT).METHODS: Fifty patients visiting the obesity clinic of “King Fahd Specialist Hospital” or Dr Suliman Alhabeeb Hospital between January 2015 and April 2016 were included. Liver and splenic attenuation dimensions were undertaken with three hepatic regions of interests (ROIs) and two ROIs from the spleen. The liver attenuation indices (LAIs) that were measured liver parenchymal attenuation (CTLP), liver/splenic attenuation ratio (LS ratio)and the (3) difference between liver and splenic attenuation (LS dif) and based on this LS dif The patients were grouped as LS dif greater or less than 5. Abdominal fat was evaluated utilising a 3 mm chop CT scan starting from the umbilicus; then computed by a workstation. The abdominal fat was classified as total fat (TF) and the sub-compartments of visceral adipose (fat) (VF), and subcutaneous fat (SF).RESULTS: Twenty-six of the participants were males. The mean (SD) of the age and BMI was 48 (14.9) years and 32.05 (8.3) kg/m2 respectively.The BMI and body Wt had a moderate negative correlation with the liver attenuation indices CTLP, LS ratio, LS diff (r = -0.417, -0.277, -0.312 and 0.435, -0.297, -0.0297), respectively. A very strong negative correlation between fatty liver, LS ratio and CTLP was found (-0.709, -0.575) respectively.CONCLUSION: Plain computed tomography can reliably be used as a survey device for fatty liver disease.
Novel Surgical Approach in Сutaneous Melanoma Patients: ʺDaring Ideas Are Like Chessmen Moved Forward. They May Be Beaten, But they May Start a Winning Game!?ʺ
Authors: Tchernev Georgi
Published: October 2017

For the first time, but again, we propose the idea of a one-step melanoma surgery as a "golden, unified standard" that should be at least discussed and, possibly accepted shortly as the "gold standard" for the treatment of patients with skin melanomas. Critical points or comments have been made to the current melanoma's treatment approach, which has been "transcendently followed" for years and which, according to some colleagues, is not logically justified. This approach needs serious changes, the only goal of which is to achieve a better outlook for the patients.Although the proposed by us approach is not even a possible option in the European and American recommendations for the treatment of melanoma, it finds widespread use (or acceptability) in clinical practice in the form of specific, individually informed consent. Guidelines are not mandatory, and standards are not always met. Whether "good medical practices" will prevail as a logic and stereotype of clinical behaviour, whether they will be finally recognised and whether they will find an extra international response is unclear at the moment. However, the fact that they are enforced with success, indirectly speaks that the "wave of change" is already rising and the hope is to "remove the debris" and illogically justified decisions often defined by the American dermatological school as "expert". The choice of right solutions lies in following the logic, as well as in its simplicity. Often these decisions are in front of our eyes, but we look at the distant horizons: "Do we want to be discoverers?" Without even trying to give a simple answer to the question: "Aren't the treasures very often in front of us?"
Exercise for Hand Osteoarthritis: A Cochrane Systematic Review
Authors: Østerås Nina , Kjeken Ingvild , Smedslund Geir , Moe Rikke H. , Slatkowsky-Christensen Barbara , Uhlig Till , Hagen Kåre Birger
Published: October 2017

Objective.

To assess the benefits and harms of exercise compared with other interventions, including placebo or no intervention, in people with hand osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

Systematic review using Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Six electronic databases were searched up until September 2015. Inclusion criteria: randomized or controlled clinical trials comparing therapeutic exercise versus no exercise, or comparing different exercise programs. Main outcomes: hand pain, hand function, finger joint stiffness, quality of life, adverse events, and withdrawals because of adverse effects. Risk of bias and quality of the evidence were assessed.

Results.

Seven trials were included in the review, and up to 5 trials (n = 381) were included in the pooled analyses with data from postintervention. Compared to no exercise, low-quality evidence indicated that exercise may improve hand pain [5 trials, standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.27, 95% CI −0.47 to −0.07], hand function (4 trials, SMD −0.28, 95% CI −0.58 to 0.02), and finger joint stiffness (4 trials, SMD −0.36, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.15) in people with hand OA. Quality of life was evaluated by 1 study (113 participants) showing very low-quality evidence for no difference. Three studies reported on adverse events, which were very few and not severe.

Conclusion.

Pooled results from 5 studies with low risk of bias showed low-quality evidence for small to moderate beneficial effects of exercise on hand pain, function, and finger joint stiffness postintervention. Estimated effect sizes were small, and whether they represent a clinically important change may be debated.