bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O CUIDAR E O EDUCAR OBSERVADOS NA INTERAÇÃO E NA BRINCADEIRA PLANEJADAS POR DUAS PROFESSORAS DO BERÇÁRIO
Authors: Vieira Izabel Carvalho da Silva , Garms Gilza Maria Zauhy
Published: April 2019

A pesquisa qualitativa, caracterizada como descritiva-analítica, aqui apresentada, vinculou-se à linha de pesquisa “Processos Formativos, Infância e Juventude” e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação - Mestrado, da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia – FCT/UNESP e foi realizada durante os anos de 2014-2016, e teve por objetivo verificar se as práticas de professoras do Berçário condiziam com a Proposta Pedagógica da creche e se estas cumpriram as determinações das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil. Para a realização da investigação, foram selecionados os seguintes instrumentos metodológicos: análise documental, entrevista semiestruturada e observação. Com a análise documental, inferimos que grande parte dos itens estabelecidos pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil foram cumpridos no documento da creche. Nas entrevistas, as respostas das professoras não evidenciaram questões referentes a interação e a brincadeira, como práticas a serem promovidas na creche, mas, ao ressaltarem que há uma especificidade na creche, através do brincar, inferimos que retrataram os eixos, pois estes se inter-relacionam. Os resultados revelaram que as práticas planejadas intencionalmente para a ocorrência de interação e brincadeira respondem mais às experiências vistas nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil do que àquelas especificadas no Projeto Pedagógico da instituição. A instituição investigada apresenta uma estrutura diferenciada e a formação das professoras, bem como, o modo como se consideram professoras-pesquisadoras. Em razão disso, se notabilizam num contexto quase sempre tão necessitado de práticas que integrem o cuidar e o educar, por meio de interações e brincadeiras.
AS REFORMAS EDUCACIONAIS, O NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO E A GESTÃO PARA RESULTADOS – OFENSIVA EMPRESARIAL?
Authors: Caetano Maria Raquel
Published: April 2019

O artigo apresenta como objetivo analisar as relações entre a Reforma do Ensino Médio e a inserção de propostas privadas na educação através de ferramentas de gestão do mundo empresarial ligados a duas instituições que operam em escolas públicas. A educação que visa a formação da juventude brasileira passa a ser alvo dos interesses do capital, representado pelo setor privado para qualificar as novas formas de organização do trabalho produtivo, além de influenciar o conteúdo abordado nas escolas públicas através de seus métodos de negócios e a gestão para resultados. A pesquisa é qualitativa e a investigação é de natureza exploratória. Os dados foram levantados através da análise documental, pesquisas já realizadas, sites, estabelecendo relações entre o público e o privado no Ensino Médio e a proposta de gestão para resultados. Os resultados apontam para a educação como espaço de disputa que comporta projetos diferentes e antagônicos do ponto de vista da sua função social.
O ENSINO EM CRECHE: NOTAS A PARTIR DE PRESSUPOSTOS DA PSICOLOGIA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL
Authors: Barbosa Eliza Maria , Silva Janaína Cassiano , Da Silva Altina Abadia
Published: April 2019

Neste ensaio discutimos alguns pressupostos teórico-práticos sobre a organização do ensino em creche de crianças com idade entre um e dois anos, indicando suas contribuições para a enriquecimento da atividade objetal manipulatória característica do desenvolvimento das crianças nessa idade. Visando atingir esse objetivo, refletimos sobre a permanência no atual cenário da educação infantil de traços característicos de funções assumidas pelas instituições educativas em outros momentos históricos e discutimos os elementos constituintes da formação da consciência articulado aos conceitos de linguagem e atividade manipulatória. Reafirmamos a partir de princípios do Materialismo histórico-dialético que as crianças durante a primeira infância iniciam a jornada de produção de sua existência por meio de relações condicionadas historicamente, sob o princípio da cooperação entre os homens e esta relação de dependência lhes fornece a consciência de que vivem em sociedade. Pelos construtos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, demonstramos a influência decisiva que os adultos/educadores têm sobre a gênese do ato voluntário nas crianças e como sua linguagem, e depois a das próprias crianças, desempenha um papel regulador das demais funções psicológicas, entre elas a atenção, a percepção e a memória.  Alertamos para que a educação em todos os seus níveis reconheça que sua função de formar plenamente o ser humano singular ocorre sob condições históricas e socialmente determinadas. Isso nos permite concluir que as práticas educativas conscientemente comprometidas com a humanização das crianças são a via possível para a superação de mecanismos que historicamente aniquilam suas possibilidades de desenvolvimento humano-genérico.
AVALIAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NO CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO
Authors: Angeluci Alan César Belo , Baena Priscila Mota Ferreira , Gasquez Vanessa Martos
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir o processo histórico da avaliação na Educação Infantil, uma trajetória centrada em juízos e valores sobre a criança.  A necessidade de uma reforma educacional voltada ao aluno era evidente, a avaliação em uma perspectiva transformadora, onde os resultados fizessem parte da análise da vivencia da criança. A avaliação desde o século IV não era compreendida, sabemos que a avaliação é indispensável para valorizar a diversidade dos alunos e proporcionar experiências que lhes ajudem a avançar e a desenvolver-se, é a partir da avaliação que podemos conhecer as diferentes dificuldades e necessidades individuais dos alunos e planejar diversas atividades que possibilitem seu desenvolvimento, sem que se sintam incapazes e frustrados a realizá-las. Assim, algumas implementações nas Políticas Públicas com base em documentos legais aconteceram até o surgimento do Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil (RCNEI), visando à orientação didática de professores nesta área. O RCNEI foi publicado em 1998 e ainda é utilizado por professores e instituições em todo o país, embora um marco importante de base para a construção de outros documentos de políticas públicas no Brasil, a avaliação na educação infantil só será efetiva com a crescente e efetiva formação de qualidade ao professor, pois é ele que atua diretamente com as crianças na sala de aula. Neste caso, é essencial a mediação, ou seja, um professor que promova um ambiente de confiança, valorizando as ações educativas desencadeando novos conhecimentos construídos a partir desenvolvimento individual de cada aluno.
UM ESTUDO DE SITUAÇÕES-PROBLEMA DO CAMPO MULTIPLICATIVO EXPLORADAS POR PROFESSORES E ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Cardoso Valdinei Cezar , Amaral-Schio Rúbia Barcelos , Oliveira Samuel Rocha de
Published: April 2019

Este artigo busca discutir diferentes estratégias adotadas por alunos e por professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental ao resolverem três problemas do campo conceitual multiplicativo, com o objetivo de entender alguns problemas e características na estruturação cognitiva de conceitos fundamentais de Matemática. Durante um programa nacional de formação continuada de professores, aplicamos um questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. A análise nos mostra que os professores envolvidos na pesquisa não apresentaram dificuldades para resolver os problemas propostos, o que é um bom indicador de que eles possuem esquemas eficazes para a solução de situações-problema nesse campo conceitual. Por outro lado, muitos estudantes apresentaram dificuldades em resolver os mesmos problemas, alguns casos por envolverem números não inteiros (tema ainda não estudado por parte dos alunos), outros por dificuldades de leitura e de interpretação dos enunciados, e outros ainda por não verificarem se os resultados obtidos satisfaziam a questão proposta. Alguns erros fornecem indícios de que os alunos não desenvolveram estratégias de raciocínio do campo conceitual multiplicativo e, assim, não têm esquemas eficazes de resolver os problemas propostos. Outras manifestações nas soluções também apontam equívocos conceituais que devem ser entendidos pelos pesquisadores e professores, no sentido de desenvolverem ações que busquem superá-los.
A Comparative Study of Iran and Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy Objectives in Indonesia
Authors: RAVİ Muhammad
Published: April 2019

Looking from a geographical perspective, Indonesia and
the two most influential Islamic countries that promotes two major
denominations of Islam, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, are located in different parts
of the world. However, holding the ground for the majority of Muslim in the world
makes Indonesia a suitable place for Iran and Saudi Arabia to exercise their
influence. Since Iran and Saudi Arabia have a set of contradictory ideologies,
the need to expand their influence is competitive. This article seeks to make a
comparative study between Iranian and Saudi Arabian's foreign policy objectives
in Indonesia. The article starts by analyzing the foreign policy objectives of
the two countries in Indonesia. Then, a comparative study is made between them.
The main theory used in this work is based on neorealism to ascertain the
objectives of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The article uses secondary data that have
been used in the literature. The article concludes that although these
objectives have started becoming more economical, the religious aspect
continues to play a dominant role in the foreign policy objectives of the two
countries.
Yaratıcılık Bağlamında Sanatçı Adaylarının Eleştirel Düşünme Becerileri
Authors: KÖMÜRCÜ İlker
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı düşünme ve yaratıcılık arasındaki ilişki bağlamında sanatçı adaylarının eleştirel düşünme düzeylerini çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemek ve bu yolla sanatçı adaylarının eleştirel düşünme becerilerini etkileyen unsurları belirleyebilmektir. Çalışma grubu olarak üniversitede mesleki sanat eğitimi alan 98 sanatçı adayı öğrenci tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Sanatçı adaylarının eleştirel düşünme düzeylerini belirleyebilmek için ölçme aracı olarak Kaliforniya Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçekten elde edilen veriler, sınıf düzeyi, akademik başarı puanı, branş, yaş, cinsiyet gibi değişkenler açısından incelenerek sanatçı adaylarının eleştirel düşünme düzeylerini anlamlı şekilde etkileyen unsurlar ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin dağılımı Shapiro-Wilk testi ile belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız gruplar için t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve farkın kaynağını belirlemek için Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS 19.0 yazılımı (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, ABD) ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ölçek puanları açısından sanatçı adaylarının eleştirel düşünme becerilerinin düşük düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Branş değişkeninin “kendine güven”, “analitik düşünme”, “meraklılık” ve “açık fikirlilik” alt boyutlarında; cinsiyet değişkeninin “kendine güven”, “analitik düşünme” ve “meraklılık” alt boyutlarında; sınıf değişkeninin “sistematiklik”, “analitik düşünme”, “meraklılık”, “açık fikirlilik” alt boyutlarında; yaş değişkeninin “kendine güven”, “analitik düşünme”, “meraklılık” ve “açık fikirlilik” alt boyutlarında; akademik not ortalaması değişkeninin “kendine güven”, “analitik düşünme” ve “meraklılık” alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık yarattığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ölçeğin “doğruyu arama” alt boyutunda değişkenler açısından anlamlı bir fark gözlemlenmemiştir.
Komposisi dan Kelimpahan Plankton di Waduk Cirata
Authors: Anas Pigoselpi , Jubaedah Iis , Supenti Lilis , Sudinno Dinno
Published: April 2019

Penelitian tentang “Komposisi Dan Kelimpahan Plankton Di Waduk Cirata ” telah dilaksanakan pada bulan agustus 2017. tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui komposisi dan kelimpahan plankton di waduk Cirata . Sampel diambil dari 3 stasiun pengamatan dan pada setiap stasiun pengamatan pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga kedalaman. Titik pengambilan sampel ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan plankton net. Identifikasi sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium, Hasil penelitian didapatkan Genera fitoplankton yang ditemukan di Waduk Cirata sebanyak 19-26 genera yang mewakili 4-5 kelas, yaitu Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae dan Euglenaphyceae. Genera zooplankton yang ditemukan di Waduk Cirata sebanyak 12-13 genera yang mewakili kelas, yaitu Rotifera, Rhizopoda, Ciliata dan Malacostraca. Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar 91.200 – 1,328.180 Sel/m3 dan kelimpahan Zooplankton berkisar 19.500 - 426.020 Sel/m3.
Semipurifikasi dan Karakterisasi Kolagenase dari Organ Dalam Ikan Bandeng (Channos channos, Forskal)
Authors: Yuniarti Tatty , Nurhayati Tati , Jacoeb Agoes M
Published: April 2019

Aktivitas enzim-enzim proteolisis seperti kolagenase, dapat memecah proteinmenjadi molekul yang lebih sederhana (autolisis) mengakibatkan terjadinya pelemasandaging ikan pada fase post mortem. Penelitian perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui sifat-sifatenzim tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memurnikan dan mengkarakterisasienzim kolagense dari organ dalam bandeng. Enzim kolagenase telah dapat dimurnikan dariorgan dalam bandeng (Chanos chanos, Forskal), dengan ekstraksi dan pengendapanmenggunakan ammonium sulfat. Tingkat kelipatan pemurnian yang dihasilkan 2,347 danyield adalah 35,42. Karakterisasi kolagenase menunjukkan suhu optimum 50 oC dan pHoptimum 8-9. Enzim kolagenase dapat dihambat dengan kuat oleh serine proteinaseinhibitor (PMSF)dan meningkat aktivitasnya dengan penambahan Ca2+ dan Na+, enzimkolagenase ini stabil pada 10-50 oC and pH 8-9.
Kajian Skala Usaha Pendederan I Ikan Patin (Pangasius Hypopthalmus) pada Akuarium di Kecamatan Parung, Kemang, Ciseeng Terhadap Pendapatan Setara UMR (Upah Minimum Regional) Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Paidi Paidi , Wiryati Ganjar
Published: April 2019

Permintaan ikan patin konsumsi menunjukan peningkatan dari waktu ke waktu, hal ini membawa dampak peluang usaha pendederan ikan patin kearah yang positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberkikan injformasi pendapatan yang dapat dicapai setara dengan Upah Minimum Regional (UMR) Bogor, dari kegliatan usaha pendederan ikan patin pada aquarium di kecamatan ciseeng, kemang dan parung. Sehingga dapat membantu mengambil suatu keputusan bagi seorang calon pengusaha pendeederan ikan patin. Prosedur penelitian dimulai pengadaan sarana produksi, persiapan aquarium, penebaran dan pemeliharaan benih ikan patin, serta pemasaran benih ikan patin. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga lokasi dan masing-masing dilakukan tiga ulangan, jumlah 30, 40 dan 60. Data yang dikumpulkan dari hasil pengamatan adalah biaya tetap, biaya variable, total pendapatan dan Upah Minimum Regional Bogor. Metoda analisis financial yang digunakan adalah laba/rugi, R/C, BEP, Payback Period dan ROI.
Pengaruh Kedinamisan Suatu Kelompok Terhadap Fungsi Kelompok (Studi Kasus Pada Kelompok Perikanan di Kabupaten Bekasi Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Authors: Hanan Abdul
Published: April 2019

Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa usia kelompok 63,3% pada rata-rata 3,7 tahun, kelas kelompok menunjukkan 43,3% berada pada kelas yang tinggi (utama), namun yang berada di kelas pemula juga persentasenya mencapai 36,6%. Jika dirata-ratakan maka kelas kelompok di Kabupaten bekasi pada kelas madya. Sebanyak 80% dari kelompok perikanan, jumlah anggota dengan rata-rata 25 orang. Unsur dinamika kelompok pada interval 53,4 % - 93,3%. Namun demikian pada unsur “Suasana Kelompok” tidak ada kelompok yang katagorinya baik, dan pada unsur dinamika kelompok “Keberhasilan kelompok tidak ada kelompok dengan katgori rendah. Nilai Korelasi Faktor Internal kelompok dan tiga fiungsi kelompok memperlihatkan unsur “tekanan pada kelompok” berhubungan erat dengan fungsi kelompok sebagai unir produksi (0,378), Sedangkan unsur Keberhasilan kelompok ternyata berhubungan erat dengan berfungsi baiknya kelompok sebagai kelas belajar (0,400) dan berhungan sangat erat pada unit kerjasama (0,771). Nilai Korelasi delapan unsur dinamika kelompok hanya unsur” pengembangan dan pemeliharaan kelompok yang berhubungan erat dengan usia kelompok (0,393). Sedangkan usur dinamika kelompok lainnya tidak begitu erat hubunganya dengan berfungsi atau belum berfungsinya suatu kelompok perikanan.Nilai Korelasi Antar Unsur Dinamika Kelompok memperlihatkan bahwa tujuan kelompok berhubungan sangat erat dengan struktur kelompok (0,378) dan unsur pengembangan dan pemeliharaan kelompok (0,503). Sedangkan unsur pengembangan kelompok berhubungan erat dengan terbentuknya suasana kelompok yang kondusif (0,422) Nilai Korelasi Antar Fungsi Kelompok menunjukkan bahwa bila kelompok sebagai unit usaha bersama berfungsi dengan baik, maka fungsi sebagai kelas belajarpun akan berfungsi dengan baik, dan demikian sebaliknya. Sedangkan fungsi kelompok yang lain tetap masih ada hubungan yang timbal balik namum pada kasusu kelompok perikanan di Kabupoaten bekasi belum memperlihatkan keeratan yang kuat antar fungsi kelompok sebagai kelas belajar dengan sebagai unit produksi.
Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik Bacillus sp. terhadap Profil Kualitas Air, Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Eliyani Yuke , Suhrawardhan Hendria , Sujono Sujono
Published: April 2019

Dalam pengembangan budidaya perikanan, probiotik dinilai memiliki peranan penting untuk meningkatkan efektifitas kegiatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik Bacillus sp terhadap profil kualitas air, kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan benih ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus), dengan melakukan pemeliharaan ikan pada beberapa perlakuan, yaitu kontrol, penambahan bakteri dengan dosis. 10 ml/m3 serta 20 ml/m3 Nilai DO dari media kontrol Perlakuan I dan Perlakuan II secara berturut-turut adalah 6,80 ppm; 6,89 ppm dan 6,92 ppm. Nilai suhu mulai dari kontrol sampai perlakuan I dan II adalah 280C. Nilai pH untuk kontrol perlakuan I dan II adalah 6,6; 6,4 dan 6,6. Berdasarkan uji lanjut (p<0.05) dapat dilihat bahwa perlakuan I (pemberian probiotik 10 ml/m3) memiliki nilai pertumbuhan harian tertinggi sebesar 12,52 ± 0,29b, disusul perlakuan II (pemberian probiotik 20 ml/m3 ) sebesar 12,42 ± 0,33b, serta kontrol sebesar 10,72 ± 0,09a. Perlakuan penambahan bakteri probiotik memberikan hasil yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan berat pada dosis 10 ml/m3 dengan nilai 12,52 ± 0,29dibanding dengan kontrol dan perlakuan yang lain. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan uji selama masa pemeliharaan berkisar antara 79,8 –87,5 %.
Analisis Marjin Tata Niaga Ikan Lemadang Dan Ikan Terisi Di Tpi Mina Fajar Sidik, Kec. Blanakan, Kab. Subang, Jawa Barat
Authors: Supena M Harja
Published: April 2019

Dari sekian banyak jenis ikan hasil perikanan tangkap, ternyata Ikan Lemadang dan Terisi termasuk jenis ikan yang hasil tangkapannya cukup banyak. Disamping itu, kedua jenis komoditas inipun mempunyai nilai yang cukup ekonomis. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, maka diperlukan fungsi-fungsi tataniaga seperti : fungsi pertukaran(exchanged function),fungsi fisik (fhysical function), dan fungsi penunjang (facilitating function) agar kondisi ikan tersebut sampai kepada konsumen dalam kondisi segar dan harga yang sesuai.  Penelitian dilakukan di Tempat Pelelangan IKan (TPI) Mina Fajar Sidik Kecamatan Blanakan Kabupaten Subang Provinsi Jawa Barat. Ruang lingkup penelitian di fokuskan kepada kedua jenis ikan tersebut yaitu Ikan Lemadang dan Terisi. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Analisis efisiensi tataniaga dilakukan dengan megetahui marjin tataniaga dari kedua jenis ikan tersebut. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efisiensi tataniaga Ikan Lemadang dan Terisi di TPI Mina Fajar Sidik Kecamatan Blanakan Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tataniaga kedua jenis komoditas ini adalah “tidak efisien”.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, alternative solusi perbaikan terhadap tataniaga Ikan Lemadang dan Terisi adalah perlu dilakukannya pemangkasan terhadap saluran tataniaga Ikan Lemadang maupun Terisi, sehingga tidak terlalu banyak fungsi-fungsi tataniaga yang terjadi pada setiap lembaga tataniaga yang berdampak kepada tingginya harga yang diterima konsumen.
Trial of improved procedures for driver licence testing by occupational therapists
Authors: Catchpole John , Di Stefano Marilyn , Mestroni Kim
Published: April 2019

A draft manual for the Occupational Therapy Driving Test had previously been developed via a consultation process, setting out detailed specifications intended to improve the validity and reliability of the test and its consistency with other VicRoads licence tests. A trial was conducted to assess the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the documented procedures and requirements. The trial involved (a) upgrading existing test routes to comply with the updated requirements, and (b) conducting licence tests using the updated procedures. Detailed written feedback was obtained from the occupational therapy driver assessors (OTs) who upgraded test routes and from the OTs who conducted the licence tests. Analysis of 156 feedback forms from 19 OTs revealed that the updated requirements resulted in a test that exceeded the preferred timeframe (35 minutes). The number of compulsory tasks required for all clients precluded sufficient time to conduct additional, clientspecific tasks with those clients who needed them. This led the project team to reduce the number of compulsory tasks, relax some constraints regarding task locations, and reclassify two previously compulsory tasks as client-specific (optional) tasks. Extra guidance was added to the manual covering various procedural and assessment issues, and supplementary documentation was developed to assist OTs to comply with VicRoads requirements. The updated test is expected to provide a valid test of driving skills, while offering greater reliability than previous OT licence reassessment procedures.
Laborious Ben Jonson
Authors: Hrdlicka Steven
Published: April 2019

This essay discusses labor in the poetry of Ben Jonson and engages some notable recent critical assessments of Jonson's labor as a concept determined by material production. Contemporaries, such as John Donne, often drew attention to Jonson's “labor” as he himself does in a Latin phrase on the frontispiece of the 1616 folio. What did he mean by it? The characteristic integration of labor that Jonson exhibits in both his poetic practice and persona was tied to a foundational idea that he received and developed from translation of Horace's “Art of Poetry.” Rather than determined by market forces and the like, the multiplex meanings and contexts that Jonson can be seen to associate with labor suggests that it was a concept he received from classical and medieval writers who emphasized that both the material and spiritual ends of poetry were equally important. Poets such as Milton, Robert Southwell, and Herbert also display similar ideas tied to labor. A discussion of Hercules' Labors in Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue, in which Jonson draws attention to the relationship between virtue, labor, and happiness, as well as demonstrates his familiarity with the association medieval writers made between labor and the labyrinth, concludes the essay.
Hamlet and the Kairos
Authors: Baker Christopher
Published: April 2019

To fulfill the ghost's injunction that he seek out his father's killer, Hamlet must learn not to expect that the opportune moment for revenge will be determined by himself within the daily sequence of chronological time or chronos. Instead, he must learn to cooperate with a divine intention that will operate through him at a time which it determines to be most advantageous. This sense of time is termed kairos or “the right time.” The play becomes a spiritual Bildungsroman in which Hamlet learns through trial and error of an inexorable kairos for which he is indispensable but not ultimately responsible. After his return from England, Hamlet's outlook has changed from being “splenetive and rash” to an attitude of alert but patient expectancy. It is not for him to pinpoint the moment of kairos, far less for him to contrive its occurrence according to his own antic plan, but to await his role in it; thus, “the readiness is all.” The coincidences of the last act are both an effective dramatic catastrophe and evidence of a larger pattern of design. Hamlet's fifth-act anagnorisis—his awareness of the reality of his situation—is not only his knowledge of a divine purposiveness, but his immediate participation in a process of providence which works through human chronos to achieve its own kairos.
Before Their Exile: The Transformation of Palestininan Villages in Western Galilee, 1918–1948
Authors: Abbasi Mustafa
Published: April 2019

This article examines the developments and changes that took place in the Western Galilee Palestinian Arab villages during the British Mandate period. The article shows that this coastal area has underwent a major transformation, as in most coastal areas of Palestine. These include economic, demographic, and urban transformations. The study of this group of Palestinian villages shows the extent of the development of the Palestinian countryside, which contradicts many of the historical narrative that described villages and rural areas as backward. The presence of developed economic branches in some of the villages, such as tourism, small hotels, fishing, leisure culture, are proof of this.
Aluminium Silicon Hypereutectic Alloys from 6063 Alloy’s Black Dross Using Silicon Lumps and Flux
Authors: S Aadli Ahmed
Published: April 2019

The study on the extraction of Aluminium metal from industrial waste like aluminium dross (black dross) to be used in the production of aluminium silicon hypereutectic alloy and testing the resulted hypereutectic alloy chemically, physically, and mechanically has been carried out. The amount of the black dross used undergoes pretreatment by immersion the dross samples in tap water and settled overnight to assure the maximum separation of nonmetallic, aluminium nitride, aluminium carbide and aluminium oxide, the properties of tap water used for pretreatment dross samples was recorded to see the effect of dross content on the tap water. The pretreated dross samples were dried in electric furnace at 60ₒc for 2hrs then samples of 60 gm remelted in a graphite crucible and amount of flux(sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cryolite and calcium fluoride) (1:1) is added, then different quantities of silicon lumps are added too. The graphite crucible is put in the carbolite furnace at 800ₒc for 30 minutes. The molten aluminium silicon is poured in specific moulds for the chemical and physical examination, which shows the formation of aluminium silicon hypereutectic alloys with good chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Thus the dross is a great source for both aluminium metal high grade and aluminium silicon hypereutectic alloy.
Appealing Copper(I) and Silver(I) Coordination Polymers with an Unprecedented Betainoid Assembling Ligand
Authors: Amelot Dylan , Hassoun Ammar , Chamoreau Lise-Marie , Amouri Hani , Moussa Jamal
Published: April 2019

Two coordination polymers of coinage metals with a rare pyridinium-betainoid L assembling ligand are reported. These polymers are obtained by self-assembly of the linker L and copper(I) or silver(I) ions in acetonitrile. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods and by elemental analysis. The solid-state structures were unambiguously confirmed by single crystal diffraction studies. These assemblies exhibit original helicoidal arrangements. The UV-Vis. absorption and photoluminescence properties are reported as well.
Computer-Aided Detection of Hyperacute Stroke Based on Relative Radiomic Patterns in Computed Tomography
Authors: Lo Chung-Ming , Hung Peng-Hsiang , Hsieh Kevin Li-Chun
Published: April 2019

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death. To achieve timely assessments, a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system was proposed to perform early recognition of hyperacute ischemic stroke based on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT). In total, 26 patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke (with onset <6 h previous) and 56 normal controls composed the image database. For each NCCT slice, textural features were extracted from Ranklet-transformed images which had enhanced local contrast. Textural differences between the two sides of an image were calculated and combined in a machine learning classifier to detect stroke areas. The proposed CAD system using Ranklet features achieved significantly higher accuracy (81% vs. 71%), specificity (90% vs. 79%), and area under the curve (Az) (0.81 vs. 0.73) than conventional textural features. Diagnostic suggestions provided by the CAD system are fast and promising and could be useful in the pipeline of hyperacute ischemic stroke assessments.
Louder Than Films: Memory, Affect and the ‘Sublime Image’ in the Work of Joachim Trier
Authors: Thomson C. Claire
Published: April 2019

“We have to believe that new images are still possible”. This remark by Norwegian filmmaker Joachim Trier during a recent event in Oslo entitled ‘The Sublime Image’ speaks to the centrality in his work of images, often of trauma, that aspire to the condition of photographic stills or paintings. A hand against a window, cheerleaders tumbling against an azure sky, an infant trapped under a lake’s icy surface: these can certainly be read as sublime images insofar as we might read the sublime as an affect—a sense of the ineffable or the shock of the new. However, for Trier, cinema is an art of memory and here too, this article argues, his films stage an encounter with the temporal sublime and the undecidability of memory. Offering readings of Trier’s four feature films to date which center on their refraction of memory through crystal-images, the article emphasizes the affective encounter with the films as having its own temporality.
Arctic Intense Summer Storms and Their Impacts on Sea Ice—A Regional Climate Modeling Study
Authors: Semenov Alexander , Zhang Xiangdong , Rinke Annette , Dorn Wolfgang , Dethloff Klaus
Published: April 2019

Various temporal and spatial changes have manifested in Arctic storm activities, including the occurrence of the anomalously intense storms in the summers of 2012 and 2016, along with the amplified warming and rapidly decreased sea ice. To detect the variability of and changes in storm activity and understand its role in sea ice changes, we examined summer storm count and intensity year-by-year from ensemble hindcast simulations with an Arctic regional coupled climate model for the period of 1948–2008. The results indicated that the model realistically simulated the climatological spatial structure of the storm activity, characterized by the storm count and intensity. The simulated storm count captures the variability derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis, though the simulated one is higher than that in the reanalysis. This could be attributed to the higher resolution of the model that may better represent smaller and shallower cyclones. The composite analysis shows that intense storms tend to form a low-pressure pattern with centers over the Kara Sea and Chukchi Sea, respectively, generating cyclonic circulation over the North Atlantic and North Pacific Arctic Ocean. The former drives intensification of the transpolar drift and Fram Strait sea ice export, and the latter suppresses thick ice transport from the Canada Basin to the Beaufort–Chukchi Seas, in spite of an increase in sea ice transport to the East Siberian Sea. Associated with these changes in sea ice transport, sea ice concentration and thickness show large decreases in the Barents–Kara Seas and the Chukchi–East-Siberian Seas, respectively. Energy budgets analysis suggests that more numerous intense storms substantially decrease the downward net sea ice heat fluxes, including net radiative fluxes, turbulent fluxes, and oceanic heat fluxes, compared with that when a lower number of intense storms occur. The decrease in the heat fluxes could be attributable to an increased cloudiness and the resultant reduction of downward shortwave radiation, as well as a destabilized boundary layer induced increase in upward turbulent fluxes.
Shear Strength of Geopolymer Concrete Beams Using High Calcium Content Fly Ash in a Marine Environment
Authors: Darmawan Muhammad Sigit , Bayuaji Ridho , Sugihardjo Hidajat , Husin Nur Ahmad , Anugraha Affandhie Raden Buyung
Published: April 2019

This paper deals with the behavior of a geopolymer concrete beam (GCB) under shear load using high calcium content fly ash (FA). The effect of the marine environment on the shear strength of GCB was considered by curing the specimen in a sea splashing zone for 28 days. Destructive and non-destructive tests were carried out to determine the properties of geopolymer concrete in different curing environments. Geopolymer concretes cured at room temperature showed higher compressive strength, slightly lower porosity, and higher concrete resistivity than that of those cured in sea water. From the loading test of the GCB under shear load, there was no effect of a sea environment on the crack pattern and crack development of the beam. The shear strength of the GCB generally exceeded the predicted shear strength based on the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code.
Review of Constructions and Materials Used in Swedish Residential Buildings during the Post-War Peak of Production
Authors: Berggren Björn , Wall Maria
Published: April 2019

One of the greatest challenges for the world today is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. As buildings contribute to almost a quarter of the greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, reducing the energy use of the existing building stock is an important measure for climate change mitigation. In order to increase the renovation pace, there is a need for a comprehensive technical documentation that describes different types of buildings in the existing building stock. The purpose of this study is to analyse and describe existing residential buildings in Sweden. The data are based on published reports from 1967 to 1994 that have not been publicly available in a database for other researchers to study until now. Data from the reports have been transferred to a database and analysed to create a reference for buildings and/or a description of building typology in Sweden. This study found that there is a rather large homogeneity in the existing residential building stock. However, it is not possible to use a single reference building or building technique to cover the majority of the existing buildings. In Sweden, common constructions for exterior walls in multi-dwelling buildings which should be used for further studies are insulated wood infill walls with clay brick façades, lightweight concrete walls with rendered façades and concrete sandwich walls. The most common constructions for one- and two-dwelling buildings are insulated wooden walls with clay brick façades or wooden façades. Furthermore, roof constructions with insulated tie beam and roof constructions where the tie beam is a part of the interior floor slab are frequently used and should be included in further studies.
Effect of Cerium Precursor in the Synthesis of Ce-MCM-41 and in the Efficiency for Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Aiube Carlos M. , Oliveira Karolyne V. de , Macedo Julio L. de
Published: April 2019

Understanding the effects of synthetic parameters in the catalytic activity of heterogeneous catalysts is of utmost importance when aiming for optimal reaction conditions. Hence, we disclose in this work the synthesis and characterization of cerium-modified MCM-41 materials. In addition, it was observed for the first time, differences in catalytic activity when using different cerium synthetic precursors: CeCl3·7H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O (Ce-MCM-Cl and Ce-MCM-NO3, respectively). A mechanism for cerium incorporation in MCM-41 was proposed, where [Ce(OH)3] species were hydrogen bonded to silicate anions, forming framework Ce-O-Si bonds during condensation and, consequently, causing distortion of the typical hexagonal mesophase. It was also observed that Ce(OH)3 formed aggregated layers with template assemblies during synthesis, resulting in non-framework CeO2 species on the MCM-41 surface after calcination. These CeO2 species were preferentially formed for Ce-MCM-NO3 and were attributed to the nitrate ions’ strong binding to template molecules. In the solvent free liquid-phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH), Ce-MCM-Cl achieved better BzOH conversions and benzaldehyde (BzD) yields, while Ce-MCM-NO3 offered increased BzD selectivity. The catalysts’ reusability was also studied over three catalytic runs, where Ce-MCM-NO3 was more resistant than Ce-MCM-Cl towards deactivation. The observed catalytic behavior shows the importance of metal precursors in the obtainment of materials with desirable final properties.
Catalytic Properties of Double Substituted Lanthanum Cobaltite Nanostructured Coatings Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Arab Pour Yazdi Mohammad , Lizarraga Leonardo , Vernoux Philippe , Billard Alain , Briois Pascal
Published: April 2019

Lanthanum perovskites are promising candidates to replace platinum group metal (PGM), especially regarding catalytic oxidation reactions. We have prepared thin catalytic coatings of Sr and Ag doped lanthanum perovskite by using the cathodic co-sputtering magnetron method in reactive condition. Such development of catalytic films may optimize the surface/bulk ratio to save raw materials, since a porous coating can combine a large exchange surface with the gas phase with an extremely low loading. The sputtering deposition process was optimized to generate crystallized and thin perovskites films on alumina substrates. We found that high Ag contents has a strong impact on the morphology of the coatings. High Ag loadings favor the growth of covering films with a porous wire-like morphology showing a good catalytic activity for CO oxidation. The most active composition displays similar catalytic performances than those of a Pt film. In addition, this porous coating is also efficient for CO and NO oxidation in a simulated Diesel exhaust gas mixture, demonstrating the promising catalytic properties of such nanostructured thin sputtered perovskite films.
Controlled Two-Step Formation of Faceted Perovskite Rare-Earth Scandate Nanoparticles
Authors: Paull Ryan J. , Ly Tiffany , Mansley Zachary R. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. , Marks Laurence D.
Published: April 2019

A general approach to the formation of well-faceted nanoparticles is discussed and successfully applied to the production of several rare-earth scandates. Two steps were used, with higher temperatures first to nucleate the perovskite phase, followed by lower temperatures to smooth the particle surfaces. Exploiting these two different regimes led to smaller nanoparticles with more faceting. This general approach may be tailored to other material systems as a step towards producing shape-controlled nanoparticles for a desired application.
Mitigating Tropical Forest Fragmentation with Natural and Semi-Artificial Canopy Bridges
Authors: Balbuena Diego , Alonso Alfonso , Panta Margot , Garcia Alan , Gregory Tremaine
Published: April 2019

Fragmentation caused by linear infrastructures is a threat to forest-dwelling wildlife globally. Loss of canopy connectivity is particularly problematic for highly arboreal species such as those of the Neotropics. We explored the use of both natural canopy bridges (NCBs) and a semi-artificial one over a natural gas pipeline right-of-way (RoW) in the Peruvian Amazon to provide more information on both a proven and a novel solution to the problem of fragmentation. We monitored seven NCBs over 14 months and found crossing rates higher than previously recorded (57.70 crossings/100 trap nights by 16 species). We also constructed a semi-artificial canopy bridge (SACB) out of a liana and found it to be used quickly (seven days after installation) and frequently (90.23 crossings/100 trap nights—nearly nightly) by five species (two procyonids, one didelphid, one primate, and one rodent). This information contributes to our knowledge of mitigation solutions for fragmentation. As linear infrastructure grows globally, more solutions must be developed and tested.
A Vehicle Type Dependent Car-following Model Based on Naturalistic Driving Study
Authors: Wu Ping , Gao Feng , Li Keqiang
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a car-following model considering the preceding vehicle type is proposed to describe the longitudinal driving behavior closer to reality. Based on the naturalistic driving data sampled in real traffic for more than half a year, the relation between ego vehicle velocity and relative distance was analyzed by a multi-variable Gaussian Mixture model, from which it is found that the driver following behavior is influenced by the type of leading vehicle. Then a Hidden Markov model was designed to identify the vehicle type. This car-following model was trained and tested by using the naturalistic driving data. It can identify the leading vehicle type, i.e., passenger car, bus, and truck, and predict the ego vehicle velocity and relative distance based on a series of limited historical data in real time. The experimental validation results show that the identification accuracy of vehicle type under the static and dynamical conditions are 96.6% and 83.1%, respectively. Furthermore, comparing the results with the well-known collision avoidance model and intelligent driver model show that this new model is more accurate and can be used to design advanced driver assist systems for better adaptability to traffic conditions.
Comparative Study of Road Lighting Efficiency in the Context of CEN/TR 13201 2004 and 2014 Lighting Standards and Dynamic Control
Authors: Wojnicki Igor , Komnata Konrad , Kotulski Leszek
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a comparative study of differences in energy consumption while applying 2004 and 2014 releases of the CEN/TR 13201 standard for lighting designs. Street lighting optimal design and its optimization is discussed. To provide a reliable comparison, optimal designs for a given representative set of streets were calculated. The optimization was performed by newly developed software. As a test bed, a set of streets was selected with varying physical and traffic characteristics. The energy consumption was measured on the same set of streets both statically, which assumed the same lighting levels throughout night, and with a dynamic control, which adjusted lighting based on traffic intensity. For experiments with the dynamic control, one year of traffic intensity data were used. The findings confirm increased economical impact of dynamic control for the 2014 standard, which results in significant energy saving.
Lignin from Bioethanol Production as a Part of a Raw Material Blend of a Metallurgical Coke
Authors: Koskela Aki , Suopajärvi Hannu , Mattila Olli , Uusitalo Juha , Fabritius Timo
Published: April 2019

Replacement of part of the coal in the coking blend with lignin would be an attractive solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from blast furnace (BF) iron making and for obtaining additional value for lignin utilization. In this research, both non-pyrolyzed and pyrolyzed lignin was used in a powdered form in a coking blend for replacing 5-, 10- and 15 m-% of coal in the raw material bulk. Graphite powder was used as a comparative replacement material for lignin with corresponding replacement ratios. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed for all the raw materials to obtaining valuable data about the raw material behavior in the coking process. In addition, chemical analysis was performed for dried lignin, pyrolyzed lignin and coal that were used in the experiments. Produced bio cokes were tested in a compression strength experiment, in reactivity tests in a simulating blast furnace shaft gas profile and temperature. Also, an image analysis of the porosity and pore shapes was performed with a custom made MatLab-based image analysis software. The tests revealed that the pyrolysis of lignin before the coking process has an increasing impact on the bio coke strength, while the reactivity of the bio-cokes did not significantly change. However, after certain level of lignin addition the effect of lignin pyrolysis before the coking lost its significance. According to results of this research, the structure of bio cokes changes significantly when replacement of coal with lignin in the raw material bulk is at a level of 10 m-% or more, causing less uniform structure thus leading to a less strong structure for bio cokes.
Assessment of the Energy Efficiency Improvement of Twenty-Five Countries: A DEA Approach
Authors: Wang Lai-Wang , Le Ke-Duc , Nguyen Thi-Duong
Published: April 2019

Since energy efficiency and energy improvement are viewed as two of the most important keys of sustainable management, research on energy has become popular and captured much more attention. The current paper aimed to measure the energy efficiency of 25 countries with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as well as their energy efficiency improvement. First, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) slack-based model (SBM) was employed to obtain efficiency scores. Second, the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) was then used to examine the improvement during the period of 2010–2017. Findings of this study showed that developed countries had a more balanced development between gross domestic product (GDP) growth and CO2 emissions by using the same inputs as developing countries. Additionally, the findings revealed that India and China, being the two largest population countries, achieved improved energy intensity during 2010–2017; however; their energy consumption and CO2 emissions continued to grow, leading them to being the two worst countries in terms of energy efficiency.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Kalina Based Power and Cooling Cogeneration Cycle Employed Once Through Configuration
Authors: Kim Kyoung Hoon
Published: April 2019

The Kalina cycle (KC) has been considered one of the most efficient systems for harvesting low grade heat since its proposal and various modifications have been proposed. Recently, Kalina based power and cooling cogeneration cycles (KPCCCs) have attracted much attention and many studies have been conducted. In this paper, a cogeneration cycle of power and absorption refrigeration based on the Kalina cycle system 11 (KCS-11) is proposed. The cycle combines a KC and aqua-ammonia absorption refrigeration cycle (ABR) with once through configuration. Compared to the stand-alone KC, the proposed cycle showed significantly higher energy efficiency—as high as 60%—without the use of rectifier, superheater or subcooler. Parametric analysis showed that the ammonia fraction, separator pressure and source temperature have a significant impact on the system performance including mass flow rates, heat transfers, power generation, cooling capacity, energy efficiencies and optimum ammonia fraction for the maximum energy efficiency.