bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Legal Improvement for Vitalizing Street-Housing Redevelopment Projects
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Lee Heon-Seog
Published: September 2023

It can be evaluated that our housing administration has contributed to solving the absolute shortage of housing. However, it has caused numerous side effects, including speculative investment in real estate, threats of housing rights for the common people, and intensification of extreme disputes among residents over business promotion.
Recently, due to these side effects, the Urban Renewal Projects, such as large-scale urban maintenance projects as in the past, have been greatly reduced. Paradoxically, however, as the housing supply decreased, another social problem occurred, such as the increase in the number of deteriorated housings, vacant houses, and the acceleration of slumming in the region.
To resolve these problems, the government introduced The Street Housing Improvement Project through a revision of ｢Act on the Improvement of Urban Areas and Residential Environments｣(2012) and a legislation of ｢Act on Special Cases Concerning Unoccupied House or Small-scale Housing Improvement｣(2018). It is faster than the existing readjustment project and has the advantage of increasing the resettlement rate of indigenous people.
However, It is necessary to review the public work of the reconstruction project and the housing improvement project in a city block, examine whether the legislation is valid or not, focusing on legal issues that compare between the expropriation and request for Sale. In determining the public work of reconstruction projects and housing improvement project in a city block, the expropriation violates the principle of proportionality.
Therefore, in order to improve these problems, above all, it is necessary to increase business feasibility by expanding the size of the business. In addition, rather than the immediacy of the project, it is necessary to create a system such as the Dispute Mediation Committee, that can mediate conflicts between residents.
Of course, some of the above improvements will not be able to activate Street-Housing Redevelopment Projects. Basically, in order for Street-Housing Redevelopment Projects to properly settle down and achieve their original purpose, the street-housing maintenance project must be converted to an Actual Residence perspective, The society will need a great transition of perspective from “immediacy and efficiency effectiveness” to “safety and happiness” and “the aesthetics of slowness”.
An Examination of Urban Innovation District System from the Perspective of Public Land Law
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Han Sang-Hoon
Published: September 2023

Inner city areas have been served as central places for business, commercial and cultural activities for a long time in the major cities. Recently, inner city areas receive great public attention as an innovative space for attracting young people throughout new jobs and restructuring urban functions. Based on these circumstances, Korean government announced the establishment plan for Urban Innovation District System in the inner cities last September of 2020 in order to secure local base for the regional innovation system. The main purpose of the establishment of Urban Innovation District System in the inner cities is providing base space for innovative activities using the network system between entrepreneurial activity, research activities, cultural activities and daily activities in terms of time and physical connection. To cope with this purpose government and lawmakers are pushing for the legislation of Special Act for Urban Innovation District Systems in the inner cities. Previous researches about the successful innovation districts in abroad indicates that excellent accessibility is the key factor of the districts. That is, excellent accessibility enables liberal contact and meeting between the companies and research centers including administrative agents. And these activities establish the confidential relationship between the innovative partners and this relationship can cause the proliferation of knowledge exchanges and strengthen the role of the districts to lead regional development. But Daeduk Special Research and Development Zone considered as a precedence case of the Urban Innovation District Systems in the inner cities is reviewed as a case of failure despite of the enough research outcomes. One of the reasons why the Daeduk Special Research and Development Zone considered as a case of failure is that the Special Research and Development Zone has no certain connection with the surrounding areas in terms of geographical, spatial, social context. Based on these findings this study suggests that in order to accomplish the purpose of the establishment of Urban Innovation District System in the inner cities both of the institutional arrangements and changeover efforts to minimize shortcomings and maximize strength the system are essential. For this reason, the Inner City Special District Act pending at the National Assembly needs to modify to secure enough leadership and financial resources align with the local characteristics and industrial conditions of the region.
Pengaruh Servant Leadership Terhadap Self Efficacy, Trust in Leader dan Benevolence Values Pada Coffee Shop di Kota Bekasi Timur
Authors: Hermawan Haykal Fadhly , Asseanty Deasy
Published: September 2023

Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh Servant Leadership terhadap Self efficacy,Trust in leader, Benevolence values pada karyawan coffee shop di Bekasi timur. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini diperoleh dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 65 responden yang diambil dari 6 Coffee shop di daerah Bekasi Timur. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan probability sampling dan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengujian hipotesis. Program yang digunakan untuk mengolah data dengan bantuan SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif Servant Leadership terhadap Self Efficacy, Trust In Leader dan Benevolence Values. Implikasi yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini, agar terciptanya Self Efficacy, Trust In Leader dan Benevolence Values pada karyawan Coffee Shop di Bekasi Timur pemimpin menerapkan Servant Leadership yang baik, dengan cara pemimpin dapat mendengarkan perkataan orang lain dengan baik, pemimpin juga dapat memahami setiap individu.
Anteseden Repurchase Intention Produk Sneakers
Authors: Alfarizi Farhan Ramadhan , Pakpahan Arnolt Kristian
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh utilitarian benefits, hedonic benefits, dan CSR terhadap repurchase intention atas produk sneakers. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah utilitarian benefits, hedonic benefits, dan CSR. Penelitian ini menggunakan model persamaan struktural (SEM) mengadopsi perangkat lunak SPSS-AMOS. Sampel yang digunakan tidak dipilih secara acak dimana informasi yang diperoleh sesuai dengan kriteria tertentu yaitu sesuai dengan rumusan masalah dan tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa utilitarian benefits berpengaruh positif terhadap brand identity, hedonic benefits berpengaruh positif terhadap brand identity dan CSR secara positif mempengaruhi brand identity. Selain itu, brand identity berpengaruh positif terhadap repurchase intention. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi manajer pemasaran agar dapat mengubah konsumen pasif menjadi aktif dan mencocokkan peluang pemasaran dengan brand identity melalui konten program pemasaran yang memasukkan perpaduan karakteristik CSR yang tepat dalam produknya.
Assessing the Antiproliferative Potential of a Novel Combretastatin A4 Derivative via Modulating Apoptosis, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Pathways in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Nazmy Maiiada H. , Abu-baih Dalia H. , Elrehany Mahmoud A. , Mustafa Muhamad , Aly Omar M. , El-Sheikh Azza A. K. , Fathy Moustafa
Published: September 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the most predominant tumor in women. Even though current medications for distinct breast cancer subtypes are available, the non-specificity of chemotherapeutics and chemoresistance imposes major obstacles in breast cancer treatment. Although combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) has been well-reported to have potential anticancer activity, in vivo studies of CA-4 reveal a decrease in its activity. In this respect, a series of CA-4 analogues have been designed, from which one analog [(1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, C25H22ClFN4O5] showed drastic cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells. Therefore, this research focused on investigating the in vitro molecular mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of the CA-4 analogue, particularly the MAPK/ERK as well as PI3K/AKT pathways as attractive therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Methods: The cell viability of MCF-7, MDA-MB231, and MDA-MB453 was assessed after treatment with the CA-4 analogue, and apoptosis was analyzed via Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining. MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT were thoroughly assessed using western blotting. Real-time PCR was used to estimate apoptosis-related markers, including the P53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) genes. Results: The CA-4 analogue reduced the survival of all cancerous cells in a concentration-dependent manner and induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway (39.89 ± 1.5%, 32.82 ± 0.6%, and 23.77 ± 1.1% in MCF-7, MDA-MB231, and MDA-MB453 cells), respectively. The analogue also attenuated the expression of pMEK1/2/t-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2/t-ERK1/2, p-PI3K/t-PI3K, and p-AKT/t-AKT proteins in all three cancer cell lines in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the CA-4 analogue upregulated the expression of the P53 gene and dramatically increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 genes. Conclusions: The enhanced cytotoxicity can be attributed to substituting the hydroxyl group in CA-4 with chlorine in the meta-position of ring B, substituting the para-methoxy group in CA-4 with fluorine in the analogue, and lastly, introducing an extension to the compound’s structure (ring C). Therefore, CA-4 analogue can attenuate the proliferation of human breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and simultaneously suppressing the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways.
MCM6 is a Poor Prognostic Biomarker and Promotes Progression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lei Zi , Wang Peng , Jia Da-qi , Li Lei-lei , Wu Yi-peng , Yang Yuan , Pan Guo-qing
Published: September 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest global malignancy and the primary cause of carcinoma death. MCM6 is vital to carcinogenesis, but the pathogenesis of MCM6 remains unclear. Methods: MCM6 expression in patients with breast cancer was examined through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, immunohistochemistry, Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and Western blotting. The prognostic factors were assessed by the Kaplan‒Meier method and Cox regression. On the basis of the key factors selected by multivariable Cox regression analysis, a nomogram risk prediction model was adopted for clinical risk assessment. The TCGA database was utilized to determine how MCM6 is correlated with chemotherapy sensitivity, immune checkpoint-related genes (ICGs), tumor-infiltrating immune cells, along with tumor mutation burden (TMB) and methylation. The impact of MCM6 on carcinoma cells was investigated in terms of proliferation, cell cycle as well as migrating and invasive behavior through CCK assays, flow cytometry, wound healing assays, Transwell assays and xenotransplantation experiments. Results: MCM6 expression was upregulated, which is closely associated with the size of the tumor (p = 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012) in patients with breast cancer. Multivariate analysis revealed MCM6 to be an independent risk factor for prognosis in patients with breast carcinoma. The nomograph prediction model included MCM6, age, ER, M and N stage, which displayed good discrimination with a C index of 0.817 and good calibration. Overexpression of MCM6 correlated with chemotherapy sensitivity, immune checkpoint-related genes (ICGs), tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and methylation. Silencing MCM6 significantly inhibited proliferation, prolonged the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and restrained the proliferation, migration and invasive behavior of cancerous cells and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions: Our research shows that MCM6 is highly expressed in breast cancer and can be used as an independent prognostic factor, which is expected to become a new target for the treatment of breast cancer in the future.
Over Time, Right-Wing Twitter Users in France Exhibit Growing Homophily Compared to Left and Center Users
Authors: Gurchani Muhammad Umer
Published: September 2023

Recent research (Huszár et al., 2022) has highlighted the disproportionate amplification of right-wing political content within major Twitter-using nations, pointing to personalized content ranking algorithms as a key factor. In this study, I delve deeper into the root of this bias, suggesting that right-wing users exhibit stronger in-group socialization tendencies compared to other political communities.To dissect the enigma of Twitter's content ranking algorithms and their unequal impact across the political spectrum, I analyze evolving in-group connections among political right, left, and center communities on French Twitter. The findings reveal a significant and distinctive rise in in-group connections within the right-wing over time.In the latter part of this paper, I investigate self-descriptions within Twitter profiles of left, center, and right-wing users, seeking to elucidate the connection between the right-wing's in-group propensity and their self-representation. This research contributes valuable insights into the mechanisms shaping the social dynamics and personalized content experiences of Twitter's diverse political communities.
Problem Canvas
Authors: Lyons Roisin , Keogh Colin
Published: September 2023

A problem canvas developed for student applications.
Thực chất “tăng trưởng xanh” trong độc canh cây chè tại Ân Độ
Authors: Drinker Tea
Published: September 2023

Tác giả Desirée Kumpf phân tích trên Environmental Humanities về bản chất của các đồn điền trà hữu cơ tại Ấn Độ, dưới danh nghĩa “tăng trưởng xanh”, thường lấy lý tưởng trung tâm là tách bạch tăng trưởng kinh tế khỏi quá trình khai thác cạn kiệt nguồn tài nguyên sinh thái. Mục tiêu của lá cờ chuyển đổi này chính là giảm thiểu tới mức thấp nhất các tác động sinh thái tiêu cực.
Wireless Networks for Multi-Layer Industrial Internet of Things: Challenges, Architectures, and Future Directions
Authors: Johnson Danny , Smith Jane
Published: September 2023

Wireless Networks for Multi-Layer Industrial Internet of Things: Challenges,Architectures, and Future Directions
Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif
Authors: Astuti Widia
Published: September 2023

Pendidikan adalah suatu kebutuhan utama sepanjang hayat. Setiap orang membutuhkan pendidikan dan berhak untuk mendapatkan pendidikan. Pendidikan juga memiliki kedudukan yang sangat penting untuk menentukan perkembangan dan perwujudan seseorang dan masyarakat, terutama untuk pembangunan bangsa dan negara[1]. Model pembelajaran perlu dipahami oleh guru agar dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran secara efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran. Dalam penerapannya, model pembelajaran harus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa karena masing-masing model pembelajaran memiliki tujuan, prinsip, tekanan utama yang berbeda-beda. Model adalah pola atau bentuk yang dijadikan sebagai acuan pelaksanaan. Jadi model adalah representasi akurat sebagai proses aktual yang memungkinkan seseorang atau sekelompok orang mencoba bertindak berdasarkan model itu. Model pembelajaran adalah suatu kegiatan pembelajaran yang harus dikerjakan guru dan siswa agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat dicapai Model pembelajaran pada dasarnya merupakan bentuk pembelajaran yang tergambar dari awal sampai akhir yang disajikan secara khas oleh guru. Model pembelajaran menjadi tumpuan utama dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa karena merupakan lingkungan yang membentuk pengalaman belajar siswa[2]. Belajar merupakan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan secara sadar untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan melalui kegiatan tertentu atau pengalaman nyata secara spontanitas.
Towards an astrochronological framework for the lower Paleoproterozoic Kuruman and Brockman Iron Formations
Authors: Lantink Margriet , Davies Joshua , Hennekam Rick , Martin David , Mason Paul , Reichart Gert-Jan , Hilgen Frederik
Published: September 2023

Recent evidence for astronomical-induced cycles in banded iron formations (BIFs) hints at the intriguing possibility of developing astrochronological, i.e. precise time-stratigraphic, frameworks for the earliest Proterozoic as also reconstructed for parts of the Mesozoic and Paleozoic. The ca 2.47-Ga Kuruman Iron Formation (Griqualand West Basin, South Africa) and Dales Gorge Member of the Brockman Iron Formation (Hamersley Basin, Western Australia) are of special interest in this regard, given their inferred temporal overlap and similar long-period eccentricity imprint. This suggests that these two BIFs may be correlated on the basis of their large-scale cycle patterns and using additional radio-isotopic age constraints.To examine the possibility of establishing such a framework, we generated and analysed several high-resolution proxy records from both drill-core and outcrop, combined with chemical abrasion ID-TIMS U–Pb dating of presumed volcanically sourced zircon. Time-series analysis of these records yields a variety of spectral peaks, of which a prominent ~5 m and ~16 m cycle can be linked to the basic stratigraphic alternations and bundling. New and improved U–Pb ages of the Dales Gorge Member and Kuruman Iron Formation, respectively, indicate a comparable average sedimentation rate of 10–12 m/Myr for both BIF units. Based on this rate, we attribute the ~5 m cycle to the long 405-kyr eccentricity cycle. More tentatively, we interpret the ~16 m cycle as the very long 2.4-Myr eccentricity cycle, having a reduced period of ~1.3 Myr due to chaotic behaviour in the solar system. Other identified cycles (~580 kyr, ~700 kyr and ~1.8 Myr) might be explained in terms of weaker eccentricity components and/or as harmonics and combination tones of these cycles.An initial attempt to establish cyclostratigraphic correlations between the Kuruman Iron Formation and Dales Gorge Member solely based on their characteristic cycle patterns proved unsuccessful, which may be due to a difference in stratigraphic recording of the astronomical signal between their different depositional environments. Next, we used the U–Pb ages to first constrain correlations at the scale of the ~16 m cycle, followed by a correlation of the basic ~5 m cycles. The resultant framework remains problematic and debatable at the individual 405 kyr cycle-level, and should merely be considered as a starting point for future studies. Particularly, our findings highlight the need for further investigations into how Milankovitch forcing influenced BIF sedimentation and paleoenvironmental conditions at a time when the Earth and solar system behaved fundamentally different from today.
An Ice-Free Arctic Ocean During the Last Interglacial: An unsupported statement
Authors: de Vernal Anne , Hillaire-Marcel Claude
Published: September 2023

The Last Interglacial has attracted the attention of researchers as it was globally characterized by a climate optimum warmer than that of the preindustrial period. In particular, several attempts at reconstructing the Arctic Ocean sea-ice extent of this interval were made based on marine sedimentary archives, all failed to find clear evidence of sea-ice-free conditions. An article published recently in Nature Geoscience (doi:10.1038/s41561-023-01227-x) does propose an Ice-Free Arctic Ocean during the Last Interglacial, but this conclusion is doubly unsustainable. Firstly, there is now a body of evidence invalidating the age model used in this study for identifying the Last Interglacial interval in the sedimentary sequences investigated. Secondly, the data used to infer ice-free conditions and their interpretation do not stand deep examination. We address these two issues in the present manuscript and demonstrate that there is not yet clear evidence for seasonally Arctic-wide sea-ice-free conditions during the last interglacial.
Pathways to online infidelity: the roles of perceived online dating success, perceived availability of alternative partners, and mate value discrepancy
Authors: da Silva Nascimento Bruna , Adair Lora , Vione Katia
Published: September 2023

Online dating applications have become increasingly popular in recent years and a common way for couples to meet. However, the potential implications of online dating applications for long-term relationships are not well-understood. To further the literature in this field, this study aimed to examine the association between perceived online dating success and online infidelity-related behaviours by considering two possible indirect paths through perceived number of alternative partners or mate value discrepancy (i.e., mate value relative to one’s partner) and attention to alternatives. A total of 338 individuals (Mage = 28.99, SDage = 8.31) that were currently in an exclusive long-term relationship participated in this study. A serial mediation analysis with two parallel paths revealed that perceived online dating success is associated with higher perceived availability of alternative partners and higher mate value relative to one’s partner, both of which are associated with attention to alternatives that, in turn, increases engagement in online infidelity-related behaviours. No direct association between perceived online dating success and online infidelity-related behaviours was found.
Causal Inference for Latent Markov Models Using the Parametric G-Formula
Authors: Clouth Felix J. , Bijlsma Maarten J. , Pauws Steffen , Vermunt Jeroen
Published: September 2023

The parametric g-formula can be used to estimate causal effects of time-varying exposures or treatments on observable outcomes. In such a longitudinal setting, time-varying confounders that are affected by prior exposures need to be adjusted for. The parametric g-formula does this by specifying several parametric models, one each for every time-varying variable, and by performing micro-simulations. However, its restriction to use cases of observable outcomes limits the possibility for applications of the parametric g-formula in the social sciences. In the social sciences, many variables of interest are unobservable constructs. In such cases, measurement models are needed. Here, we propose a new approach of using bias-adjusted three-step latent Markov models (LMMs) within the parametric g-formula. LMMs estimate the probability of membership in an unobservable state based on a number of observed indicator variables. Additionally, estimates for the probabilities of transitions between these latent states are obtained. We show that by replacing the parametric models in the g-formula with LMMs, the micros-simulations can be performed as usual. We illustrate the use of this new approach by estimating the average treatment effect of unemployment on the probabilities for several mental health states utilizing longitudinal data from the LISS panel.
Probing the impact of exposure to diversity on infants’ social categorization
Authors: Immel Bailey , Liberman Zoe
Published: September 2023

Humans learn about the world through inductive reasoning, generalizing information about an individual to others in the category. Indeed, by infancy, monolingual children expect people who speak the same language (but not people who speak different languages) to be similar in their food preferences (Liberman et al., 2016). Here, we ask whether infants who are exposed to linguistic diversity are more willing to generalize information even across language-group lines. To test this, we ran an inductive inference task and collected data on exposure to linguistic diversity at the interpersonal and neighborhood levels. Infants with more linguistically diverse social networks were more likely to generalize a food preference across speakers of different languages. However, this relationship was not seen for neighborhood diversity. We discuss implications of this work on understanding the development of bias and its malleability based on early social experiences.
Eye movement patterns when playing from memory: Examining consistency across repeated performances and the relationship between eyes and audio
Authors: Fink Lauren
Published: September 2023

While the eyes serve an obvious function in the context of music reading, their role during memorized music performance (i.e., when there is no score) is currently unknown. Given previous work showing relationships between eye movements and body movements and eye movements and memory retrieval, here I ask 1) whether eye movements become a stable aspect of the memorized music (motor) performance, and 2) whether the structure of the music is reflected in eye movement patterns. In this case study, three pianists chose two pieces to play from memory. They came into the lab on four different days, separated by at least 12hrs, and played their two pieces three times each. To answer 1), I compared dynamic time warping cost within vs. between pieces, and found significantly lower warping costs within piece, for both horizontal and vertical eye movement time series, providing a first proof-of-concept that eye movement patterns are conserved across repeated memorized music performances. To answer 2), I used the Matrix Profiles of the eye movement time series to automatically detect motifs (repeated patterns). By then analyzing participants’ recorded audio at moments of detected ocular motifs, repeated sections of music could be identified (confirmed auditorily and with inspection of the extracted pitch and amplitude envelopes of the indexed audio snippets). Overall, the current methods provide a promising approach for future studies of music performance, enabling exploration of the relationship between body movements, eye movements, and musical processing.
The COVID-19 pandemic effect on psychologists’ professional quality of life and mental health
Authors: Kercher Amy , Rahman Jodie , Pedersen Mangor
Published: September 2023

Background: Psychologists are at known risk of work-related stress, secondary trauma, and burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic increased stress and anxiety for communities worldwide and corresponded with an increased demand for mental health services. Our study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on psychologists’ professional quality of life, psychological symptoms and work-related stress in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Method: Ninety-nine registered psychologists were recruited via NZ professional psychology organisations, representing 3% of the total workforce. Survey data collected included symptoms of compassion fatigue and satisfaction, psychological symptoms, COVID-19-related stress and resilience, and professional and personal circumstances during the third year of the pandemic, 2022. Results: Seventy per cent reported that their work stress had increased, and 60% that their caseload intensity had increased during COVID-19. Psychologists reported receiving little to no additional personal or professional support, while 55% reported increased personal responsibilities during the pandemic (for example, closed childcare and schools during lockdowns). High rates of compassion fatigue (burnout and secondary traumatic stress) were reported, and low resilience. We observed that psychological distress was higher than the community averages before the pandemic and comparable with frontline healthcare professionals. Compassion fatigue was associated with COVID-related stress, psychological distress, years in practice and more frequent supervision, but not with working with at-risk clients, levels of personal support or having children at home. Despite these difficulties, high Compassion Satisfaction scores were also reported, with over 90% indicating they had no intention of leaving the profession in the foreseeable future. Conclusions: Compassion Fatigue rates appear to have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, as have psychological distress symptoms among psychologists. Our findings suggest that mental health workforces are not immune to crisis-related changes. We hope that increased awareness and understanding of psychological difficulties experienced during COVID-19 can be used to tackle future crises better, and better support mental health professionals.
Pattern of sexually transmitted infections from a tertiary care hospital, Pokhara: A six-month retrospective study
Authors: Karki Sushil , Adhikari Sabina , Poudel Pratima , Nepal Anand
Published: September 2023

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problem that have profound effect in reproductive and mental health. STIs have direct impact on sexual and reproductive health through stigmatization, infertility, and cancers and can increase the risk of HIV.2 Unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner is the most important risk factor associated with STI. Pattern of STI varies from region to region depending on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and educational factor.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess pattern of STIs in a tertiary level hospital, Pokhara.
Materials and Methods: The following is a hospital-based retrospective study conducted in the Dermatology department of Pokhara academy of health sciences (PoAHS). All patients who attended the STI clinic of dermatology OPD from 2078/05/01 to 2078/11/30 B.S. with clinical manifestations of STI and associated positive serological investigation with their risky sexual behavior, related information was recorded in STI register and was analyzed. HIV cases are enrolled directly to antiretroviral therapy clinic of PoAHS, so HIV cases were not included in the study.
Results: Out of 87 STI patients, 71.3% were males and 28.7% were females. The mean age of patient with STI was 31.34+8.4. The most common diagnosis was syphilis 55.2% followed by urethral discharge syndrome 16.1%. STIs were common among married individuals 74.7%. Most common high-risk sexual behavior among patients with STI was multiple sexual partners 79.3%.
Conclusion: The study showed that the prevalence of STIs is still high in the society. Lack of awareness, delinquent behavior, and an inconsistent use of condoms during sexual contact may be the major contributing factors.
Evaluation of thyromental distance versus tongue width versus weight-based method for size determination of laryngeal mask airway in adults
Authors: Shalini Jain  , Joshi Priyanka , K K Arora
Published: September 2023

Background: Supraglottic airway devices (SGD) are indispensable for airway management. The successful placement of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) supreme largely depends on the right size selection.
Aims and Objectives: The study was undertaken to compare three LMA supreme insertion methods in short elective surgeries under general anesthesia.
Materials and Methods: Atotal of 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients (either gender, 18–55 years, Mallampati grade I and II) undergoing short surgeries were randomized into three equal groups (n=30 in each). Insertion of LMA was done after an adequate depth of anesthesia for jaw relaxation (Young’s criteria). The efficacy of controlled ventilation through LMA by each method, success rate, ease of insertion, insertion time, additional induction dose (propofol) required during insertion, hemodynamic stability (baseline vitals and 10 min after insertion), and adverse events after LMA removal were evaluated between groups.
Results: Better ventilation (tidal volume at 10 cmH2O) was observed in the thyromental group (448±35) than in tongue width (440±46) and weight-based (409±33) groups. Minimum additional propofol requirement during insertion was in thyromental distance group. Thyromental distance group had the most easy LMA insertions (70%) with minimum insertion time (10±4) and minimum additional propofol requirement during insertion (P<0.05) than other groups. Overall hemodynamic stability and incidence of adverse events were comparable.
Conclusion: Thyromental distance may be an alternative attractive choice for size determination of LMA supreme in female adults with normal airway anatomy in comparison to tongue width and conventional body weight-based methods.
Clinical assessment of etiological risk factors of chronic kidney disease in patients admitted for dialysis to a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sunay G Vyas  , Nikhil S Badnerkar  , Neel A. Chhajed  , Sarita S Vyas
Published: September 2023

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a reduced glomerular filtration rate, increased urinary albumin excretion, or both, and it is an increasing public health problem with a prevalence of 8–16%. However, there is a paucity of such studies evaluating risk factors among dialysis patients in India and also there could be associated setting specific varied contributory factors. Hence, we have undertaken this study to assess common risk factors in CKD patients admitted for dialysis to a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Aims and Objectives: To assess the clinical presentation and the common risk factors in CKD patients admitted for dialysis to tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: The present study was cross-sectional study in which 100 CKD patients admitted to the dialysis unit of tertiary care hospital were included on the basis of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed as regards the history of illness, environment, and physical behavior was collected based on various pre-validated questionnaires (The WHO STEP wise approach to chronic disease risk factor Surveillance questionnaire for NCDs, dietary questionnaire, environmental/occupational questionnaire, and patient history questionnaire) in a face-to-face interview with participants and their family members. Etiological Risk Factors and clinical assessment of patients were studied. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: 49 (49%) of the study participants were from the age group of 41 to 60 years with the mean age of the 51.9±12.3 years. There was a male ponderance with M: F ratio being 1:0.61. The most common underlying condition responsible for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was hypertension (25%) followed by diabetes mellitus (21%), glomerulonephritis (18%), analgesic nephropathy (15%), and renal stones (8%). CKD of unknown etiology was present among 7% and polycystic kidney 6%. Common clinical presentation in studied cases was anorexia (61%) followed by easy fatigability (58%) patients, Facial puffiness (49%), weakness (45%), and oliguria (44%).
Conclusion: Male gender, advancing age, and occupational exposure to nephrotoxic metals were the baseline risk factors. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the two most common comorbidities among ESRD patients which are the important risk factors for progression to ESRD.
A randomized comparative study of patient-controlled epidural analgesia with manual standard intermittent bolus for labor analgesia
Authors: Manish Banjare  , Aditi Kaushal  , Deepali Valecha  , Nandini Bhatt  , K. K. Arora
Published: September 2023

Background: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) pump has proven to reduce the incidence of unscheduled clinician interventions and total dose of local anesthetic administered for labor pain.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the quality of analgesia, maternal satisfaction, amount of rescue analgesia needed, and neonatal outcome between clinician delivered manual bolus doses and PCEA pumps for epidural labor analgesia.
Materials and Methods: 60 parturients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists II scheduled for normal vaginal delivery were randomly divided into two groups, Group A (PCEA) and Group B (Manual bolus). Both groups received an initial epidural bolus of 10 mL of 0.125% Inj. Bupivacaine+20 mcg injection fentanyl. Group A (PCEA) patients received a basal infusion of 5 mL/h with self-administered bolus of 2 mL with a lockout interval of 15 min. Group B patients were provided with a bolus of 10 mL of the same solution manually after every hour. Patients of both groups were given manual rescue boluses for distressing pain (visual analog scale [VAS] >5).
Results: Mean VAS score in Group A was 2.97±0.73; and in Group B, it was 3.03±0.56 (P>0.05). Total bupivacaine use and mean duration of second stage of labor in both groups was found comparable. Mean top-up requirement of local anesthetics was significantly high in Group B. Maternal satisfaction was also higher in PCEA group.
Conclusion: As PCEA pump provides continuous infusion of local anesthetics, there was lesser requirement of top ups of bupivacaine and higher maternal satisfaction score in PCEA group than manual bolus group.
Clinicopathologic study of triple-negative breast cancer with special reference to basal-like breast cancer phenotype in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Rajashree Pradhan  , Sajeeb Mondal  , Mrinal Sikdar  , Sankha Chatterjee
Published: September 2023

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as absent expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER2neu). These cancers are associated with poor prognosis.
Aims and Objectives: We aimed at to study the clinicopathological profile and survival among women with TNBC.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 4 years. Surgical specimens of patients with breast cancer were analyzed histopathologically as well as immunohistochemical analysis for estrogen, progesterone, HER2neu, and Ki-67 index was also done. Statistical analysis was done using software version 20.0. Results were expressed in number and percentage. Comparison was done by x2 test. P=0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In our study, 26.92% cases were of TNBC. Predominant age group affected was between 50 and 70 years. Most common histologic type was invasive carcinoma of no special type with higher grade (Grades 2 and 3) mostly with frequent nodal metastasis. Higher percentage of Ki-67 proliferation index and basal cytokeratin expression were associated with higher tumor grade and stage along with reduced short-term disease-free survival on follow-up.
Conclusion: TNBCs are usually of higher grade with frequent recurrences and distant metastasis. There are no widely accepted prognostic markers available. Panel of immunohistochemical markers should be used specially to categorize the basal-like breast cancer subtype among TNBCs for better clinical outcome.
E-learning during COVID-19 Lockdown among College Students of Nepal: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Pokhrel Poonam
Published: September 2023

COVID-19 pandemic had affected all sectors of human life around the globe. Education is one of them where traditional method of teaching had to shift to virtual learning all of sudden in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, the study reflects the opportunities and challenges of e-learning among college students of Nepal during emergency shift of teaching paradigm due to COVID-19 lockdown. Cross-sectional quantitative study with random sampling method using online questionnaire was used to collect 385 data from college students of Nepal during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The study showed that 85% of the students had engaged in e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown whereas only 30% of the students had all the required resources for e-learning. The study further found that 70% respondents had developed new skills and could manage time for study despite lockdown. However, more than half of the students had challenging situations to access the Internet surfing for e-learning followed by management of electronic devices and interaction with teachers by nearly 33%. Educational institutions need to be responsive towards the challenges faced by students during e-learning, so that learning needs of the students will be fulfilled even in crisis situation.
समकालीन कवितामा जातीय प्रतिनिधित्व (Caste Representation in Contemporary Poems)
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari अनिल Anil
Published: September 2023

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धान समकालीन नेपाली कवितामा प्रतिनिधित्वसम्बद्ध रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमा समकालीन, नेपाली कविता र प्रतिनिधित्व मुख्य विषय भए पनि कवितामा जातीय प्रतिनिधित्व अन्तर्गत दलित प्रतिनिधित्वको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । समकालीन नेपाली कविता वर्तमानको युगचेतनाको प्रतिबिम्बन, ज्ञानविज्ञानका विविध क्षेत्र, परिवर्तित सामाजिक–राजनीतिक सन्दर्भ तथा अभ्यासका आधारमा उठेका वर्गीय, जातीय, लैङ्गिक, क्षेत्रीय, स्थानीय, भाषिक, परम्परागत संस्कृतिको प्रतिनिधित्व भएका समावेशी आवाज प्रस्तुत गर्ने माध्यम भएको छ । सैद्धान्तिक आधार सांस्कृतिक प्रतिनिधित्व तथा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान पद्धतिमा गरिने यस अनुसन्धानमा कविताको पाठमा प्रस्तुत उद्धरणका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिने हुँदा यो पाठविश्लेषणकेन्द्री अनुसन्धान हो भने यसको अर्थापनका लागि विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग भएको छ । सांस्कृतिक प्रतिनिधित्व भाषा र सङ्केतका रूपमा निर्माण भएका भाष्यले सामाजिक स्थितिलाई कसरी परिभाषित गरेको छ भन्ने सन्दर्भको खोजी गर्ने अध्ययनपद्धति हो । यसले भाषिक सङ्केतले सामाजिक विषयलाई कसरी र कुन रूपमा प्रस्तुत हुन्छ भन्ने पक्षको खोजी गर्दछ । यस सैद्धान्तिक आधारअन्तर्गत जातीय प्रतिनिधित्व, प्रभुत्वको प्रतिरोध र सत्ता–अधीनस्थता यस अनुसन्धानका विश्लेषण ढाँचा हुन् । जातीय प्रतिनिधित्व समकालीन नेपाली कविताको अन्तर्वस्तु बनेको छ भने यसप्रकारका रचनामा ब्राह्मणवाद निर्देशित जातिव्यवस्था रहेको नेपाली सामाजिक संरचनामा अल्पसङ्ख्यक जातीय समूहले बहुसङ्ख्यक समूहमाथि विचारधारात्मक दमन गरी अधीनस्थ तुल्याएको विषयप्रति प्रतिरोध प्रस्तुत भएको छ । नेपालको राष्ट्रियता निर्माणमा सबै जातिको समानान्तर भूमिका रहे पनि सत्ताका नाममा भएका उत्पीडनका कारण नेपाली सामाजिक संरचनामा दलित प्रतिनिधित्व, पहिचानका साथै जातिगत आधारमा हुने केन्द्र–किनारा सत्तासम्बन्ध प्रस्तुत भएको विषयमा विमर्श भएको छ ।
वानीरा गिरिका कवितामा वरणस्वतन्त्रता (Freedom of Choice in Banira Giri’s Poems)
Authors: ढकाल Dhakal निर्मला Nirmala
Published: September 2023

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन वानीरा गिरिका कवितामा अस्तित्ववाद तथा त्यससम्बद्ध वरणस्वतन्त्रताको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ। नेपाली नारी साहित्यमा वानीरा गिरि आख्यान, कविता, निबन्ध र नियात्रा लेखनका लागि परिचित नाम हो भने उनको मुख्य साहित्यिक प्रवृत्ति अस्तित्ववादी दर्शनको प्रस्तुति हो । मानवजीवनलाई व्यक्तिगत अस्तित्वको अर्थमा, जीवनको व्यक्तिगत अनुभवका आधारमा मात्र बुझ्न सकिन्छ भन्ने सन्दर्भबाट नामकरण र दार्शनिक आधार प्राप्त मान्छेको मूलसमस्या पहिल्याउनु र त्यसैको परिप्रेक्ष्यमा जीवनको सत्य खुट्याउने अस्तित्ववाद मानवदर्शन हो । अस्तित्ववादले व्यक्तिलाई सम्पूर्ण भ्रमबाट मुक्त पारी भ्रममुक्त भएको एउटा शून्यको बिन्दुबाट आफूलाई खोज्ने र आफ्नै प्रयासले आफूलाई चिन्ने र प्राप्त गर्ने आत्मविश्वास व्यक्तिभित्र जगाई जीवनको निस्सारता, निरर्थकता, निरूपायता, अनिश्चितता र विवशताको बोधबाट उत्पन्न नैराश्य र व्यक्तिप्रति स्वयम्लाई उत्तरदायी बनाउने विषय अस्तित्ववादको सैद्धान्तिक स्रोत हो भने व्यक्तिमहत्त्व यसको विश्लेषणीय पक्ष हो । प्रस्तुत सैद्धान्तिक आधारअन्तर्गत वरणस्वतन्त्रता यस अध्ययनको विश्लेष्य पक्ष हो भने चयनको अभिव्यक्ति, व्यक्तिसत्ता र उत्तरदायित्व विश्लेषण ढाँचा हो । गिरिका कवितामा वरणस्वतन्त्रताको अभिव्यञ्जना सशक्त रूपमा भएको छ । व्यक्तिको पहिचान अन्यव्यक्ति तथा समाजका सापेक्षमा स्थापित हुनका लागि उसको चयन नै शक्तिशाली रहने विषयका साथै व्यक्ति रहेकै कारण स्वयम्को अस्तित्व सार्थक रहने धारणामा व्यक्तिसत्ता प्रबल रहेको छ भने व्यक्तिले स्वतन्त्रतावरणको निर्णयको भागीदार हुनुपर्दाको क्षण तथा त्यसको उत्तरदायित्वका लागि तयार मानसिकताको चित्रण सशक्त प्रवाहित रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
SHEAR CAPACITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITHOUT SHEAR REINFORCEMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Ibraheem Mariam , M. Rasheed Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Shear failure in reinforced concrete beams has gained excessive study, particularly beams without stirrups. Because shear failure is considered the most serious due to it occurring suddenly without warning. Because of the seriousness of the matter concerning shear failure, many researchers are looking to use additive materials that differ from traditional concrete constituents in order to improve the shear resistance of the beams, such as the use of silica fume, steel fiber, metakaolin, and many others. The current studies focused on understanding the resistance provided by the interlocking forces between the aggregate and that provided by the non-cracked compression zone, with the use of some materials that are intended to improve the properties of concrete. This paper presents a review of the previous literature that included studying the mechanism and behavior of shear failure of concrete beams without web reinforcement and also includes a presentation of the most important equations used to predict the shear capacity of concrete beams, especially those without stirrups, to understand the mechanism of failure and to know the most important factors affecting the failure of shear.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK TRICHOKOMPOS DAN PUPUK PHONSKA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BUNCIS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) VARIETAS MAXIPRO
Authors: Trosian Edy Marizqy , Rahmi Abdul , Sujalu Akas Pinaringan
Published: September 2023

Buncis telah dibudidayakan di seluruh dunia, baik di wilayah yang beriklim subtropis maupun tropis, termasuk Indonesia. Buncis sebagai sayuran yang banyak di konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia cocok untuk dibudidayakan karena kebutuhan konsumsi yang meningkat. Tujuan penelitian untuk megetahui Pengaruh pupuk Trichokompos dan Phonska serta interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman buncis varietas Maxipro. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-September 2018. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Desa Muara Kaman Ilir. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan analisis factorial 4 x 4 dan terdiri atas 3 ulangan (blok). Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk Trichokompos (t) yang terdiri atas 4 taraf, yaitu : (t0) : Tanpa Pupuk Trichokompos (kontrol), (t1) : 5 ton/ha setara dengan 1,25 kg/petak, (t2) : 10 ton/ha setara dengan 2,5 kg/petak, (t3) : 15 ton/ha setara dengan 3,75 kg/petak. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk Phonska (p) yang terdiri atas 4 taraf, yaitu : (p0) : tanpa pupuk Phonska (kontrol), (p1) : 300 kg/ ha setara dengan 75 gram/petak, (p2) : 400 kg/ ha setara dengan 100 gram/petak, (p3) : 500 kg/ ha setara dengan 125 gram/petak.Perlakuan pupuk Trichokompos berbeda tidak nyata terhadap panjang tanaman umur 15, 30, 45 hari setelah tanaman, umur keluar bunga dan umur panen, namun berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap parameter jumlah polong saat panen, berat polong per petak produksi dan produksi polong per hektar. Perlakuan pupuk Phonska berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap parameter panjang tanaman umur 15, 30, 45 hari setelah tanaman dan umur keluar bunga, berpengaruh nyata pada parameter umur panen dan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap parameter jumlah polong saat panen, berat polong per petak produksi, dan produksi polong per hektar.  Interaksi perlakuan antara pupuk Trichokompos dan pupuk Phonska berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter berat polong per petak.