bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jurysprudencja 18. Brak zagrożenia dla dobra prawnego a przestępstwa abstrakcyjnego narażenia dóbr prawnych na niebezpieczeństwo
Authors: Filipczak Mateusz
Published: August 2023

Przestępstwa abstrakcyjnego narażenia odnoszą się do zachowań, których kryminalizacja budzić wątpliwości, ponieważ obejmują czyny jedynie potencjalnie prowadzące do powstania negatywnych następstw dla dóbr prawnych. Dlatego w doktrynie prawa karnego podkreśla się, że przestępstwa te stanowią przejaw kryminalizacji na tzw. przedpolu naruszenia dóbr prawnych. Relatywnie prosta konstrukcja przestępstw formalnych budzi jednak wątpliwości natury teoretycznej, czy brak zagrożenia dla dobra prawnego może być rozpatrywany w ramach kategorii przestępstw abstrakcyjnego narażenia o charakterze formalnym. W pracy udzielono na nie odpowiedzi pozytywnej, przedstawiając model teoretyczny podstaw odpowiedzialności karnej za przestępstwa abstrakcyjnego narażenia, dla których konieczne jest uwzględnienie kontekstu aksjologiczno-normatywnego przy wykorzystaniu figur zagrożenia dla dobra prawnego i reguł postępowania z dobrem prawnym. W odniesieniu do przestępstw formalnych abstrakcyjnego narażenia dóbr konkretno-indywidualnych kauzalnie rozumiana możliwość (zdatność) naruszenia dobra jest koniecznym elementem zastosowania normy sankcjonującej, a którego weryfikacja sprowadza się do dokonania zawężającej wykładni funkcjonalnej (prokonstytucyjnej) znamion ustawowych i oceny stopnia społecznej szkodliwości czynu realizującego znamiona ustawowe. Pogłębiona analiza z wykorzystaniem dobra prawnego, pozwoliła na przedstawianie konkluzji dotyczących podziału dóbr na dobra konkretno-indywidualne, dobra kolektywny i agregat dóbr konkretno-indywidualnych, które mają znaczenie nie tylko dla zasad odpowiedzialności karnej za przestępstwa abstrakcyjnego narażenia, ale stanowi wkład w ogólną analizę podstaw teoretycznych odpowiedzialności karnej.
Rozmowa z Turczynem o wierze krześcijańskiej i o tajności Trójce Świętej, która w Alkoranie stoi napisana: Bibliotheca Litteraria. Tom I. Staropolska
Authors: Georgiewicz Bartłomiej , Kunikowska Aleksandra
Published: August 2023

W XVI wieku chrześcijańska Europa przeżywała coraz większe niepokoje związane z postępującą w głąb kontynentu ekspansją Imperium Osmańskiego. Odpowiedzią na zagrożenie ze strony azjatyckiej potęgi była obfita literatura antyturecka. Jednym z autorów pism tego rodzaju (tzw. turcyków), był Bartłomiej Georgiewicz, z pochodzenia Chorwat, poddany węgierski. Po bitwie pod Mohaczem został pojmany i sprzedany do pracy w głąb Azji. Po ryzykownej ucieczce, kończącej blisko dziesięć lat niewoli, powrócił do Europy i poświęcił się całkowicie antytureckiej propagandzie.  Opisywał orientalną rzeczywistość Imperium Osmańskiego, którą oglądał na własne oczy, a zarazem surowo oceniał. Podawał Europejczykom wiadomości o ustroju, armii, religii, obyczajach i podstawowym słownictwie tureckim. Najoryginalniejszy koncept to analiza arabskiej basmali jako znaku trynitarnego, ukrytego w Koranie. Pisma Georgiewicza, publikowane w całej Europie po łacinie i w językach narodowych, zostały wydane również w Krakowie w 1548 roku, w wersji łacińskiej i polskiej; zawładnęły wyobraźnią polskich czytelników i naszych rodzimych twórców. Niniejsza edycja zabytku polskiego piśmiennictwa zawiera wstęp, objaśnienia i słowniki. Adresatami publikacji są filolodzy (nie tylko polscy i tureccy), językoznawcy, bibliolodzy, bibliotekarze i bibliotekoznawcy, edytorzy, religioznawcy, historycy.
Poezje i przekłady: Bibliotheca Litteraria. Tom II. Oświecenie
Authors: Korwin Kossakowski Antoni , Pawlata Małgorzata
Published: August 2023

Twórczość Antoniego Korwina Kossakowskiego do tej pory pozostawała nieznana szerszemu gronu odbiorców. Literacka spuścizna poety – sekretarza gabinetu Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego – obfituje w wiersze laudacyjne apologizujące panowanie ostatniego władcy Rzeczpospolitej. Zawiera także utwory okolicznościowe, nierzadko panegiryczne, dedykowane przedstawicielom ówczesnych rodów magnackich, z którymi poeta był w jakimś stopniu związany. Twórczość poety zwanego Moliwdą zachowała się głównie pod postacią druczków ulotnych oraz publikacji na łamach „Zabaw Przyjemnych i Pożytecznych”, które mieszczą niektóre jego wiersze oryginalne i przekłady z autorów antycznych. W niewielkim stopniu jego dzieła znane są z przekazów rękopiśmiennych. Oddawany do rąk czytelników tom zawiera zarówno wyrosłe z tradycji barokowej rymowania, jak też utrzymane w innych estetykach utwory autora: oryginalne, tłumaczone i parafrazowane, wśród których szczególne miejsce zajmuje przekład komedii Katarzyny II Obmanszczik (Oszukaniec). Prezentowane wydanie krytyczne utworów Kossakowskiego wzbogaca wiedzę o kulturze literackiej epoki, zwłaszcza czasów stanisławowskich.
Analyzing the Text Contents Produced by ChatGPT: Prompts, Feature-Components in Responses, and a Predictive Model
Authors: Liu Leping
Published: August 2023

ChatGPT is a large language model that uses deep learning to produce natural language and generate intelligent and relevant responses to user prompts. It comes to the field of education as an inevitable wave. Educators have to deal with it and figure out appropriate ways to use it and produce positive learning. This study explores the use of ChatGPT from the perspective of front-end users, focusing on the text-content that ChatGPT can produce for learners to learn new knowledge (e.g., a concept, a theory, or an application). The sample of this study consists of 253 ChatGPT text responses derived from three types of initial prompts/questions: general questions, specific questions, and questions with interactive prompts. Six feature components of text-information that can help learners to understand new knowledge are analyzed (concept and definition, procedure, example, comparison or contrast, deductive or inductive argument, summary). The results from Chi-square tests indicate that the presence of each feature component in the responses differs by the types of prompts. The results from a logistic regression analysis reveal that the presence of five (out of the six) feature components are significant to the probability that a response providing accurate and reliable information. The integration of using ChatGPT into learning is discussed. Further research questions are suggested.
Screening of Mustard Varieties and Temperature Effect on White Rust and Alternaria Blight
Authors: Jain Sachin Kumar , Kumar Ajay , Singh Abhishek , Chandra Ram , Singh Rajesh Kumar
Published: August 2023

Background: Mustard is one of the most important cruciferous crops which are grown basically for oil. The crop is infected by many diseases prominently fungal diseases which cause limitation in the productivity of the crop. White rust (Albugo candida) and Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae) are the most serious fungal diseases of mustard. Methods: The study was conducted to find out the resistant response of mustard varieties against these fungal diseases. A field experiment was conducted to screen the response of mustard varieties in Rabi season of 2021-22 at Research Farm of Amar Singh (PG) College, Lakhaoti, Bulandshahr (UP), India. In India, yield losses from 23 to 54.5% due to white rust and 17-48% due to Alternaria blight has been reported. Result: Among the tested sixteen mustard varieties, four mustard varieties like PT-305, PM-44, Kanchan and MYSL-203 were shown resistant against white rust. Whereas, twelve tested mustard varieties like Jagannath, Radhika, Hybrid-805, Dev-142, Nandi bull, Araurali, 45L46 Lohiya, Kranti, Pusa Mahal, PusaVijya, PM-31 and Rh-149 were susceptible to white rust. Infection of Alternaria blight was observed in all tested mustard varieties. Postules of white rust on lower surface of leaves were starting appear after 5th January (Temperature min. 7°C to max. 19°C). The highest incidence of white rust on leaves was observed from 16th January to 08th February (Temperature range min. 8-10°C and max. 20-22°C). Incidence of Alternaria blight was regularly increasing after 28th January.
Osmo-priming with a Novel Actives Carrabiitol® Alleviates Abiotic Stresses in Sorghum and Fenugreek: Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth
Authors: Patel Femida Y. , Patel Amisha , Shah Neil J.
Published: August 2023

Background: Abiotic stress is a serious threat to crops as it inhibits the seed germination and seedling growth. Seed treatment with osmolytes and plant growth regulating chemicals found to be effective in mitigating the abiotic stress. In this regard, the study was conducted to evaluate the osmo-priming effect of Carrabiitol®, novel patented(IN) commercial product derived from carrageenan oligosaccharide, on seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum and fenugreek under induced stresses. Methods: The concentration of Carrabiitol® tested for seed priming were 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/L. The abiotic stresses viz. drought, salinity and excess water stresses, were induced using PEG 6000, sodium chloride and water, respectively. Experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Result: The germination percentage, root length and shoot length were reduced in non-primed stressed sorghum and fenugreek seeds (T2) as compared to unstressed seeds. Osmo-priming with 3000 mg/L of Carrabiitol® (T5) was found to be most significant in improving the seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum and fenugreek under the induced stresses (p≤0.05). Overall, the results suggested that application of Carrabiitol® was effective in improving the seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum and fenugreek by alleviating the applied abiotic stresses.
Satellite based assessment of agronomically important properties of agricultural soils with consideration of their surface state
Authors: Prudnikova E. Yu. , Savin I. Yu. , Grubina P. G.
Published: August 2023

Satellite data have been used for a long time to assess various properties of arable soils. At the same time, there are certain difficulties associated with the fact that a number of agronomically important soil properties do not directly affect spectral reflectance of their surface, which complicates the remote assessment of such properties. In addition, to obtain reproducible models, it is necessary to take into account the state of the open soil surface during the survey. The aim of the study was to demonstrate a method for detecting agronomically important properties of arable soils based on Landsat 8-9 OLI satellite data and including information about the state of their open surface using the example of a test field in the Serebryano-Prudsky district of the Moscow region. Depending on the soil property, R2cv of the models developed based on Landsat 8-9 OLI satellite data varied from 0.57 to 0.91. The best models with R2cv>0.8 were obtained for organic matter and properties higly correlated with it such as the content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium cations, the content of total nitrogen, pH of water and salt extracts. The involvement of information on the state of the open surface of arable soils for most properties made it possible to obtain models of higher quality and predictive ability, regardless of the survey period. Based on the models obtained, maps of the spatial variation of agronomically important properties of arable soils were constructed as part of the demonstration of the method. The resulting models can be used for remote monitoring of the analyzed properties of arable soils of the test field. At the same time, for such properties as the content of exchangeable potassium and phosphorus compounds, it is necessary to search for the approaches that will take into account their high variability, as well as to perform a prior assessment of the informativity of the survey periods in which the open soil surface is not transformed.
Identification of Factors Influencing the Presence of Fecal Coliforms in Densely Populated Areas with Centralized Wastewater Treatment Systems
Authors: Syafira Bunga Az Zahra  , Ni Nyoman Nepi Marleni  , Budi Kamulyan  , Hendra Dewata
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Tegal Panggung is a high population density sub-district of 26,326 inhabitants/km2. Most residents utilize wells to meet their water demands, but fecal coliform bacteria were found in several wells at Tegal Panggung. This type of contamination source is typically from on-site wastewater treatments. However, wastewater from Tegal Panggung is treated at a centralized wastewater treatment plant. This study is aimed at identifying the factors leading to the presence of fecal coliform bacteria in Tegal Panggung. Methods: Factors reviewed in this study were the amount of waste, drainage, cattle pens, toilets, types of wells, and building density. Statistical methods and GIS were applied to determine the influence of the factors on the presence of fecal coliform and to map its distribution along with potential sources of pollution. The number of wells tested was 32, with a research period from September to October 2021. The statistical methods used are the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality Test, the Spearman Correlation Test, and the spatial analysis method, which was carried out using QGIS. The statistical tests were conducted to determine the correlation value between fecal coliform and pollutant. Results and Discussion: The study showed that only 40.62% met the standard requirements when there should be no fecal coliform contents in well water. Conclusion: Based on the Spearman Correlation Test, it can be deduced that the factors affecting the presence of fecal coliform within 10 meters radius are garbage and of 30 meters radius are toilets and building density.
Application of radiomics and artificial intelligence in lung cancer immunotherapy: a guide and hurdles from clinical trials
Authors: Wu Xiaorong , Polychronis Andreas
Published: August 2023

Immunotherapy has shown promising results with improved progression-free survival and overall survival in lung cancer. However, novel immunotherapy could generate atypical response patterns, which is a big challenge for traditional imaging criteria. Radiomics, combined with artificial intelligence (AI), represents new quantitative methodologies that could serve as an additional imaging biomarker to predict immunotherapy benefits and assess responses to assist oncologists in decision-making in lung cancer treatment. This paper aims to review the latest advancement of AI-based radiomics applied to lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy, focusing on the fundamentals of these approaches and commonly used techniques. We also address the hurdles in the AI and radiomic analysis pipeline to guide clinicians in approaching this new concept.
Microplastics as carriers of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic environment: interactions and ecotoxicological effects
Authors: Parashar Neha , Mahanty Byomkesh , Hait Subrata
Published: August 2023

MPs act as carriers of organic pollutants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic environments and exhibit harmful effects on organisms. Although there has been extensive research on the abundance and distribution MPs and PFASs individually, their co-occurrence and combined ecotoxicological effects have been poorly understood. In this context, the present review aims to present an up-to-date understanding of PFAS sorption onto MPs and their bioaccumulation in different organisms. The combined sources and prevalence of MPs and PFASs are summarized, with some daily-use products identified as important sources of both pollutants. MPs occurrence indicates considerable diversity in their levels, with concentrations ranging from 0-7 particles/m3 (air), 1-4712 particles/kg (soil), 1-26 particles/L (aquatic matrices), and 0-199 particles/organism (species) worldwide. Further, the literature survey provides evidence of PFAS concentrations ranging from < 0.0011 to 95.378 ng/m3 in the air, 6.90 to 294000 ng/kg in soil, 4 to 268 ng/L in aquatic environments, and 0.0014 to 796 ng/g in species. Additionally, the review investigates MPs-PFAS interaction in the aquatic system, thereby highlighting the factors that influence PFAS sorption onto MPs. Various mechanisms of PFAS sorption onto MPs have been examined and compared. Moreover, the review covers the ecological consequences of ingesting PFAS-contaminated MPs and their synergistic effects on aquatic biota. Conclusively, more research is needed to evaluate the combined exposure to MPs and PFAS, particularly under environmentally relevant concentrations to understand the significance of MPs as a vector for emerging contaminants in the environment.
Photodynamic therapy applications – review
Authors: Michalak Maciej , Mazurkiewicz Sandra , Szymczyk Jakub , Ziental Daniel , Sobotta Łukasz
Published: August 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is getting attention treatment method all over the world. As it is overviewed in the article among others strategies this technique is useful in the treatment of diseases in a wide range of disciplines: dermatology, urology, gynecology, as well as head and neck cancers and age-related macular degeneration. Recently, the development of this method is focused on looking for new photosensitizers and optimizing the dosimetry. Current articles report that PDT in many cases is a significant supply of the conventional treatment protocols but more than once it can be used as a method of choice, providing excellent outcomes and low after treatment stress on the patient.
Tachyonic Neutrinos: From the Cosmic Rays to Extragalactic Supernovae
Authors: Ehrlich Robert
Published: August 2023

The question of whether some neutrinos are tachyons remains unresolved although various evidence from cosmic ray and other data exists that the electron neutrino has an effective $m_\nu^2\approx -0.25 eV^2,$ which would require that one or more mass states is also tachyonic. In 2013 the $3+3$ model of the neutrino masses, which includes one tachyonic mass state, was proposed based on supernova SN 1987A neutrino data. Here we update evidence for tachyonic electron neutrinos and the $3+3$ model and discuss one test which could prove conclusive. The update of earlier evidence includes many new elements, including new data which makes the earlier cosmic ray evidence more robust, new results on cosmic ray composition, the ankle of the spectrum, leptonic cosmic ray data, and the statistical significance of finding the three large neutrino masses stipulated in the $3+3$ model. Barring a galactic supernova, which occur only around twice a century, a decisive test of the $3+3$ model could involve observing an extragalactic supernova neutrino burst, that is a cluster of neutrinos in a specific time window well beyond what chance would predict. Even though existing searches for such bursts have yielded only upper limits on the extragalactic supernova frequency within a certain distance, it is shown that the choice of a one-day window for possible neutrino clusters in time might be far more sensitive. A search using a one day time window could be done using existing data, and if a signal is found it would confirm the $3+3$ model. Of course, the absence of any day-long neutrino burst would not disprove the model, since it could mean only that the nearest supernova during the period when detectors were active was simply too far to be detected.
Preparation of Golgi Apparatus-Targeted Polymer Dots Encapsulated with Carbon Nanodots of Bright Near Infrared Fluorescence for Long-Term Bioimaging
Authors: Lu Yiping , Song Wei , Tang Zhiquan , Shi Wenru , Gao Shumei , Wu Jun , Wang Yuan , Pan Hu , Wang Yangang , Huang Hong
Published: August 2023

As an important organelle in eukaryotic cells, Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and transporting proteins and lipids in cells. Precise monitoring the status of Golgi apparatus by targeting fluorescence imaging technology is of enormous importance but remains an attractive yet dramatically challenging task. In this study, we report the construction of the first Golgi apparatus targeted sensor with bright near-infrared fluorescence, termed as Golgi-Pdots. As a start point of our investigation, hydrophobic CDs with bright NIR fluorescence at 674 nm (fluorescence quantum yield : 12.18%), narrow emission band of 23 nm, and excellent stability were facilely prepared from Magnolia Denudata flowers through an ultrasonic method. Incorporating the CDs into a polymer matrix modified with Golgi-targeting molecules can produce the water-soluble Golgi-Pdots, which showed high colloidal stability and similar optical properties as compared to CDs. Further studies revealed that the Golgi-Pdots showed good biocompatibility and Golgi-targeting ability. Based on these fascinating properties, Golgi-Pdots have been successfully used for long term bioimaging of Golgi apparatus inside live cells.
Commercialization Orientation and Food Security Nexus among Smallholder Farmers in Northwest Ethiopia: A Bivariate Tobit Approach
Authors: Tesafa Fentahun , Mulugeta Messay , Tsehay Solomon
Published: August 2023

Food insecurity remains a critical challenge in developing countries like Ethiopia. Majority of its population derive their livelihood from agriculture characterized by mixed farming systems. Smallholder farmers the principal actors of agriculture are also facing a rapidly increasing population and urbanization had been unable to be self-sufficient in food. This paper examines the role of commercialization on food security and its determinants in rural settings. We used cross-sectional data from 295 households randomly selected in northwest Ethiopia. Results from bivariate Tobit regression revealed both crop and livestock commercialization improves household food security but in quite different ways. The income from crop sales was instrumental in allowing households to buy additional foods while livestock sales foster crop diversity for own consumption by allowing them to purchase nonfood items. Thus, agriculture-food security nexus may not require the production systems to be subsistent. Improving commercialization with better access to off-farm employment and institutional services (credit and market infrastructure), and enhanced awareness of the extension towards promoting commercialization and diversified food consumption seem to be more promising. The research paper concludes commercialization is vital not just for economic growth and food security, but also for the smallholder agriculture in providing additional nutrition.
Youth Employment and Dynamics in Rural Non-Farm Enterprises (RNFE) in Ethiopia
Authors: Pang Chuming , Shi Yongkui , Liu Yang
Published: August 2023

The sustainable development of mines has been the focus of attention in recent years, in China, there are a large number of untreated mined-out areas, and a series of disasters caused by instability of the goaf will bring heavy blows to people’s safety and financial resources. Mined-out areas management is an important part that cannot be ignored in mine sustainable development, and filling management is one of the most effective ways to solve the hidden danger of mined-out areas. Among them, cemented filling with tailings and the ultra-high-water backfilling are commonly used in mining enterprises. However, filling treatment will lead to increasing cost and the decreasing profits, which seriously depresses the motivation of mining enterprises and even leads to mor-al hazard. Therefore, the analysis of the economic benefits of goaf control plays a vital role in the sustainable construction and long-term development of mines. This paper proposed the mine-out area treatment economic model, the proposed method employs the guiding philosophy of news-boy model to create a mathematical economy model that provides the basis of goaf management mode for mine. The following research results are achieved: (1) The economic model of mined-out area backfilling treatment is constructed, and which is classified three different modes. (2) Com-bined with mathematical derivation and simulation, the influence of relevant variable parameters on each type of filling mode is discussed. (3) Various types of goaf filling treatment mode are com-pared with non-filling scheme (benchmark mode), so as to provide theoretical support for mining enterprises to choose the appropriate filling scheme. The results shows that the economic model of mined-out area management provides the optimal mode for mined-out area filling, the balance of tailings and ultra-high water filling materials procurement is realized, to making maximum profits. In this paper, the use of economic thinking has an important impact on the sustainable development of safety goaf management. To evaluate the sustainable development of goaf management by building economic models. It has important theoretical basis and practical guiding significance for the development and exploration of mined-out area management by combining economy with sustainable development.
Green Buildings and Indoor Air Quality: A Health and Technological Review
Authors: Khan M.M.H , M.T. Bashir , Sikandar Muhammad Ali , Alrowais Raid , Syed Saad , Zahid Nabiha , Muhammad Abbas Inam , Khan Waqas M. , Zawar Ali
Published: August 2023

This comprehensive critical review shows how green buildings and energy optimization solutions improve indoor air quality as well as environmental quality (IEQ) and human health. Electricity-efficient green buildings create a better indoor atmosphere and save electricity. Green buildings improve occupant well-being through IAQ, thermal comfort, acoustics, and lighting. Renewable energy, green construction materials, and intelligent technologies increase sustainability and reduce environmental impact. Environmental hazards, architectural design, and societal variables can improve indoor air quality and subsequently reduce health risks linked with poor air quality. The evaluation highlights the pros and cons of low-cost IAQ sensors and equipment. These devices provide valuable insights, but calibration and validation using reference equipment are necessary to ensure accuracy and reliability. Architects, engineers, environmentalists, and policymakers are essential in creating green buildings with high IEQ. Prioritizing occupant comfort, health, and productivity ensures a sustainable and healthy future for future generations. However, continual monitoring and research are needed to improve green building practices and overcome construction problems. Intelligent models for continual on-field calibration of low-cost sensors may improve performance. Green buildings benefit occupants and the environment by optimizing energy use and using IAQ monitoring technologies.
A New Approach to Estimating the Parameters of Structural Formations in Polyethylene Reactor Powder
Authors: Borisov Artem , Boiko Yuri , Gureva Svetlana , Danilova Ksenia , Egorov Victor , Ivan'kova Elena , Marikhin Vyacheslav , Myasnikova Liubov , Novokshonova Ludmila , Radovanova Elena , Starchak Elena , Ushakova Tatiana , Yagovkina Maria
Published: August 2023

The morphology of virgin reactor powder (RP) of high-density polyethylene HDPE with MW = 160,000 g/mol was investigated with the help of DSC, SEM, SAXS and WAXS methods. The morphological SEM analysis showed, that the main morphological units of RP are macro- and micro-shish kebab structures with significantly different geometric dimensions, as well as individual lamellae of folded chain crystals. Quantitative analysis of an asymmetric SAXS reflection made it possible to reveal the presence of several periodic morphoses in the RP with long periods from 20 nm to 60 nm and to correlate them with the observed powder morphology. According to the DSC crystallinity data, the thickness of the lamellae in each long period was estimated. Their surface energy was calculated in the framework of the Gibbs-Thompson theory. The presence of regular and irregular folds on the surface of the different shish-kebab lamellae is discussed. The percentage of identified morphoses in the RP was calculated. It has been suggested that the specific structure of HDPE RP is due to the peculiarity of polymer crystallization during suspension synthesis in a quasi-stationary regime, in which local overheating and inhomogeneous distribution of shear stresses in a chemical reactor are possible.
Multi-Anticancer Activities of Phytoestrogens in Human
Osteosarcoma
Authors: Cimmino Alessio , Fasciglione Giovanni Francesco , Gioia Magda , Marini Stefano , Ciaccio Chiara
Published: August 2023

Phytoestrogens are plant-derived bioactive compounds with estrogen-like properties. Their potential health benefits, especially in cancer prevention and treatment, have been a subject of considerable research in the past decade. Phytoestrogens exert their effects, at least in part, through interactions with estrogen receptors (ERs), mimicking or inhibiting the actions of natural estrogens. Recently, there has been growing interest in exploring the impact of phytoestrogens on osteosarcoma (OS), a type of bone malignancy that primarily affects children and young adults, and currently presenting limited treatment options. Considering the critical role of estrogen/ERs axis in bone development and growth, the modulation of ERs has emerged as a highly promising approach in the treatment of OS. This review provides an extensive overview of current literature on the effects of phytoestrogens on human OS models. It delves into the multiple mechanisms through which these molecules regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis and key pathways implicated in the growth and progression of OS, including ERs signaling. Moreover, potential interactions between phytoestrogens and conventional chemotherapy agents commonly used in OS treatment will be examined. Understanding the impact of these compounds in OS holds great promise for developing novel therapeutic approaches that can augment current OS treatment modalities.
3D Printed Tooth Model with Root Canal Ledge: A Novel Educational Tool for Endodontic Training
Authors: Zhang Rui , Tang Renjie , Spintzyk Sebastian , Tian Yuting , Xiang Yong , Xu Yichen , Hu Tao
Published: August 2023

Ledge formation presents a significant challenge in endodontic treatment. Yet, there is still a lack of educational tooth models for hands-on practice. This study aimed to create and evaluate a tooth model for ledge management practice. A natural tooth with curved roots was collected for scientific use under ethics committee approval. Following initial root canal preparation, the tooth was scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and 3D reconstructed. A K-file, created via computer-aided design (CAD), was partly inserted into the root canal wall of the 3D-reconstructed tooth. By subtracting the K-file from the tooth, a tooth model with a root canal ledge was produced. The models were then 3D printed for a hands-on workshop. A seven-item Likert scale questionnaire was administered to 20 postgraduate students and 10 endodontists to assess the model's quality and training effectiveness. The feedback from both students and experts was positive, with no statistically significant differences found between the two groups (p > 0.05). This novel tooth model is expected to address the existing gap in endodontic education and provide benefits for dental practitioners in future applications.
Decline and Extinction of the Italian Agile Frog Rana latastei from Core Areas of Its Range
Authors: Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Manenti Raoul , Lo Parrino Elia , Muraro Martina , Barzaghi Benedetta , Messina Valeria , Giachello Simone , Melotto Andrea , Falaschi Mattia
Published: August 2023

Detecting the trends of species and populations is fundamental to identify taxa with high conservation priority. Unfortunately, long-term monitoring programs are challenging and often lacking. The Italian agile frog Rana latastei is endemic to Northern Italy and adjacent countries, is considered vulnerable by the IUCN, and is protected at the European level. However, quantitative estimates of its decline are extremely scarce. In this study, we document the trends in abundance and distribution of Rana latastei within the Monza Park, which currently represents the area closer to the type locality of the species. Wetlands within the park were monitored from 2000 to 2023; counts of egg clutches were taken as a measure of reproductive output and of the abundance of breeding females. In 2000, the species occurred over a significant proportion of the park. Total abundance showed strong yearly variation but remained rather constant from 2000 to 2019. However, Rana latastei disappeared from the park around 2021 and was never detected in 2022-23. The decline is probably related to the joint effect of multiple factors, including the conversion of breeding sites for farming, inappropriate water management, invasive alien species, and severe drought. The local extinction of Rana latastei occurred despite legal protection, highlighting the need for more effective and stringent tools for the conservation of European biodiversity.
Terbium and Europium Chlorocyananilate-Based 2D Coordination Polymers
Authors: Oggianu Mariangela , Abhervé Alexandre , Marongiu Daniela , Quochi Francesco , Mascarós José Ramón Galán- , Bertolotti Federica , Masciocchi Norberto , Avarvari Narcis , Mercuri Maria Laura
Published: August 2023

Two-dimensional layered coordination polymers based on the hetero-substituted 3-chloro-6-cyano-2,5-dihydroxybenzoquinone ligand, hereafter ClCNAn2- anilate, and LnIII ions (Tb and Eu) are reported. Compounds 1, 2, formulated as Ln2(ClCNAn)3(DMSO)6 (LnIII = Tb, 1; Eu, 2) and their related intermediates 1’ and 2’, formulated as Ln2(ClCNAn)3(H2O)x.yH2O (x+y likely = 12, Ln = Tb, 1’; and Eu, 2’) were prepared by a conventional one-pot reaction (the latter) and recrystallized from DMSO solvent (the former). Polyhydrated intermediates 1’ and 2’ show very similar XRPD patterns, while, despite their common stoichiometry, 1 and 2 are not isostructural. 1 consists of a 2D coordination framework of 3,6 topology, where [Tb(DMSO)3]3+ moieties are bridged by three bis-chelating ClCNAn2- ligands, forming distorted hexagons. Ultrathin nanosheets of 1 were obtained by exfoliation, via liquid assisted sonication method and characterized by atomic force microscopy, confirming the 2D nature of 1. The crystal structure of 2, still showing the presence of 2D sheets with “hexagonal” mesh and a common (3,6) connectivity, is based onto flat, non-corrugated slabs. Indeed, at a larger scale, the different “rectangular tiles” show a clear roofing in 1, which is totally absent in 2. The magnetic behavior of 1 very likely indicates depopulation of the highest crystal-field levels, as expected for TbIII compounds.
Novel Grafted Hydrogel for Iron and Ammonia Removal from Ground Water, Synthesis and Computational Chemistry Study
Authors: Abd El-Salam Hanafy M. , El Shafey Ali , Abdel-Latif Mahmoud K.
Published: August 2023

Researches are moving to iron and ammonia elimination from ground water. Here, we are using poly acrylic–poly acrylamide hydrogel which grafted with 3-chloroaniline. This copolymer was synthesized by addition polymerization. Effect of agitation time, dosage and adsorbents temperature on the removal process sensitivity has been investigated. The copolymer was described experientially and theoretically. Isothermal, kinetic adsorption models and were discussed. This hydrogel could be regenerated efficiently (98.3%removal of iron and 100% removal of ammonia). Density functional theory DFT method using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p),LANL2DZ level of the theory were managed to investigate stationary states of grafted co-polymer and the complexation energy of the hydrogel with the studied cations. NBO analysis is using DFT to investigate the negative centers on the hydrogel. The complexation energy showed selectively of hydrogel to studied cations.
Inoculation of Halotolerant Yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii Regulates Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Salt Tolerance
Authors: Qu Jinwang , Liu Jiangnan , Liu Liping , Wang Yun , Wu Chu
Published: August 2023

How to improve plant tolerance and yield under salt stress is critical for ensuring sufficient food supply since plant survival and agricultural productivity are both affected by salinity. Some evidence has showed that beneficial microorganisms have a high ability to improve plant salt tolerance and increase crop yield. But few studies were involved in effects of halotolerant yeasts on plants under salt stress. In this present research, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, a halotolerant yeast, was inoculated with tomato plants followed by salt treatment of four different NaCl concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM). Our results showed that inoculation of M. guilliermondii increased the chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic machinery effectiveness under salt stress, contributing to biomass accumulation. Under salt treatment of 300 mM NaCl, the yeast inoculation significantly increased ascorbate concentrations in leaves, yet showed no effects on levels of glutathione and proline. Antioxidant enzymes were affected differently by the yeast inoculation. It was found that the yeast inoculation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities under 300, 100, and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. Total soluble sugar levels increased in inoculated tomato plant leaves; however, there were no significant differences between different NaCl concentrations. Under 300 mM NaCl, the yeast inoculation significantly decreased H2O2 levels and reduced malondialdehyde levels. All together, our results showed that halotolerant yeast M. guilliermondii inoculation might be a strong candidate for regulating tomato growth under salt stress by increasing ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and chlorophyll intactness, and by strengthening photosynthetic machinery.
Biofuel Production from Glycerol By-Product of the Biodiesel Production Process—A Brief Review
Authors: Almeida Eugênia Leandro , Olivo José Eduardo , Andrade Cid Marcos Gonçalves
Published: August 2023

Biodiesel is seen as a successor to diesel of petrochemical origin, as it can be used in cycle engines and stationary engines, and be obtained from renewable raw materials. Currently, the biodiesel production process on an industrial scale is mostly carried out through the transesterification reaction, also forming glycerol as a product. Pure glycerol is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cleaning, food and other industries. Even presenting numerous applications, studies indicate that there is a saturation of glycerol in the market which is directly related to the production of biodiesel. This increase causes a commercial devaluation of pure glycerol; making the separation and purification processes unfeasible from an economic point of view. Despite the economic unfeasibility of the aforementioned processes, they continue to be carried out due to environmental issues. Faced with the problem presented, this work aims at a bibliographical review of works that aimed to use glycerol as a raw material for the production process of biofuels, these processes being carried out mostly via fermentation.
Development of Industrial Occupational Safety and Health Models in Manufacturing Industries: The Case of Akaki Basic Metal Industry
Authors: Tesfaye Fasil Kebede
Published: August 2023

Manufacturing is a significant sector of the economy in many nations and is frequently regarded as an engine of economic expansion, particularly in developing nations. Despite its importance, the metal sector is seen as unsafe due to frequent and high accident rates as well as worker health issues. Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to create a safety model with the goal of development in occupational safety and health in order to reduce workplace injuries, diseases, and deaths in the Akaki Basic Metal Industry. The hypothesized model was developed and tested on a sample 215 respondents who worked for production businesses. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used to enter and analyze the acquired data, and the Analysis Moment of Structure (AMOS) version 21 software was used to build the model. Through the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), research models were examined and confirmed. A good-fit structural model (PCLOSE=0.001, Goodness of Fit Index=0.971, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.121, Comparative Fit Index=0.986 and TLI =0.906) indicated that Safety culture, safety police and safety climate constructs direct influence on firm productivity. The new structural model can be used to provide better understanding of the links between firm productivity indicators and contributing components, and make stronger recommendations for effective intervention in construction projects
Predictive Modeling of Signal Degradation in Urban VANETs using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Muktar Bappa , Fono Vincent , Zongo Meyo
Published: August 2023

In urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) environments, buildings play a crucial role as they can act as obstacles that attenuate the transmission signal between vehicles. Quantifying the impact of buildings on the transmission quality is essential, especially in critical scenarios involving emergency vehicles, where reliable communication is of utmost importance. In this research, we propose a supervised learning approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to develop a predictive model capable of estimating the level of signal degradation, represented by the bit error rate (BER), based on the obstacles perceived by moving emergency vehicles. By establishing a relationship between the level of signal degradation and the encountered obstacles, our proposed mechanism enables efficient routing decisions to be made prior to the transmission process. Consequently, data packets are routed through paths that exhibit the lowest BER. To gather the necessary training data, we employed SUMO and NS-3 simulations. The simulation results demonstrate that our developed model successfully learns and accurately estimates the BER for new data instances. Overall, our research contributes to enhancing the performance and reliability of communication in urban VANET environments, especially in critical scenarios involving emergency vehicles, by leveraging supervised learning and artificial neural networks to predict signal degradation levels and optimize routing decisions accordingly.
Addressing Long-Distance Dependencies in AMR Parsing with Hierarchical Clause Annotation
Authors: Fan Yunlong , Li Bin , Sataer Yikemaiti , Gao Miao , Shi Chuanqi , Gao Zhiqiang
Published: August 2023

Most natural language processing (NLP) tasks operate an input sentence as a sequence with token-level embeddings and features, despite its clausal structures. Taking Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) parsing as an example, recent parsers are empowered by Transformers and pre-trained language models, but long-distance dependencies (LDDs) introduced by long sequences are still open problems. We argue that LDDs are not superficially blamed on the sequence length but are essentially related to the internal clause hierarchy. Typically, non-verb words in a clause cannot depend on words outside, and verbs from different but related clauses have much longer dependencies than those in the same clause. With this intuition, we introduce a type of clausal feature, hierarchical clause annotation (HCA), into AMR parsing and propose two HCA-based approaches, HCA-based self-attention (HCA-SA) and HCA-based curriculum learning (HCA-CL), to integrate HCA trees of complex sentences for addressing LDDs. We conduct extensive experiments on two in-distribution (ID) AMR datasets (AMR 2.0 and AMR 3.0) and three out-of-distribution (OOD) ones (TLP, New3, and Bio). Experimental results show that our HCA-based approaches achieve significant and explainable improvements against the baseline model and outperform the state-of-the-art (SOTA) model when encountering sentences with complex clausal structures that introduce most LDD cases.
Bayesian Estimation Based on Learning Rate Parameter Under the Joint Hybrid Censoring Scheme for K Exponential Populations
Authors: Abdel-Aty Yahia , Kayid Mohamed , Alomani Ghadah
Published: August 2023

Generalized Bayes is a Bayesian approach based on the learning rate parameter η. In this study, we examine the effect of parameter η on the estimation results considering joint type-I and type-II hybrid censored samples from k exponential populations. In addition to the learning rate parameter, we consider two loss functions, the Linex and general entropy loss functions in the Bayesian approach. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performances of the estimation results under losses and different values of η. An illustrative example is performed to study the effect of the learning rate parameter and the different losses with different parameters.
Development of an Innovative Colorimetric DNA Biosensor Based on Sugar Measurement
Authors: EL AAMRI Maliana , KHALKI Yasmine , MOHAMMADI Hasna , AMINE Aziz
Published: August 2023

The development of biosensors for target detection plays a crucial role in advancing various fields of bioscience. This work presents the development of a genosensor that exploits the colorimetric phenol-sulfuric acid sugar reaction for the detection of DNA, and RNA as specific targets, and DNA intercalator molecules. The biosensor combines simplicity and reliability to create a novel bio-assay for accurate and rapid analysis. A 96-well microplate based on polystyrene polymer was used as the platform for an unmodified capture DNA immobilization via a silanization process and with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). After that, a hybridization step was carried out to catch the target molecule, followed by adding phenol and sulfuric acid to quantify the amount of DNA or RNA sugar backbone. This reaction generates a yellow-orange color on the wells measured at 490 nm that was proportional to the target concentration. Under the optimum conditions, a calibration curve was obtained for each target. The developed biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity, good selectivity, and linear response over a wide concentration range for DNA and RNA targets. Additionally, the biosensor was successfully employed for the detection of DNA intercalator agents that inhibit the hybridization of DNA complementary to the immobilized capture DNA. The developed biosensor offers a potential tool for sensitive and selective detection in various applications, including virus diagnosis, genetic analysis, pathogenic bacteria monitoring, and drug discovery.