bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТОЛЕРАНТНІСТЬ ЯК ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Бурцева Ю. О.
Published: December 2020

В статті розглянута проблема виховання толерантності для подолання булінгу який розповсюджується впродовж останніх років в багатьох як зарубіжних країнах так і в Україні. З’ясовано, що категорія «толерантність» є багатоаспектною, складною міждисциплінарною, оскільки знаходиться на стику інтересів філософів, політологів, культурологів, соціологів, етнологів, психологів і педагогів. Тому на теперішній час не існує єдиного визначення цього феномену у різних науках про людинознавство.

У сучасному філософському дискурсі толерантність визначено як культуру філософського мислення, як моральний принцип, що відображає вирішення суперечностей на основі врахування багатомірності суспільного буття, або як взаємну повагу до різних культур і традицій. На думку психологів толерантність пов’язана з багатошаровим змістом та різноманітними чинниками, різними парадигмами та інструментаріями.

Дослідники толерантності в освіті вважають, що історично вона розвивалася в руслі педагогічного гуманізму, теорії вільного виховання, педагогіки співробітництва, педагогіки ненасильства, педагогіки підтримки, концепції особистісно-орієнтованої освіти. Саме освітня діяльність є головним засобом розвитку толерантності в суспільстві і основним змістом педагогічної діяльності для запобігання булінгу: виховання здатності бачити, поважати; визнавати за іншим право бути іншим; шанувати людську гідність всіх без винятку людей, сприймати цю відмінність як цінність; сприймання, розуміння, визнання себе та інших на рівні емоцій та почуттів; ідея взаємодоповнюваності, створення атмосфери сприяння самореалізації й саморозвитку кожного підлітка.

Донецьким обласним інститутом післядипломної педагогічної освіти це питання розглядається як під час підвищення кваліфікації педагогічних кадрів Донецької області, так і під час проведення міжкурсових заходів. Кафедрою психології та розвитку особистості розроблена програма та методичне забезпечення спецкурсу «Запобігання та протидія насильству над дітьми»; протягом року працювала психологічна коучинг-студія «Психолого-педагогічна діагностика в системі роботи класного керівника».
Cashflow como objeto virtual de aprendizaje de la Administración Financiera. Caso: Instituto Luis A. Martínez de Ambato
Authors: Milla Estrada Alexandra de los Ángeles , Vázquez Andino Irma del Rocío
Published: December 2020

Introducción. La educación financiera representa un eje fundamental en la vida diaria de las personas; la administración efectiva de los recursos económicos conlleva a considerarse la creación de una sociedad más productiva y desarrollada; es por tal razón que los docentes de esta área están llamados a intervenir y aplicar nuevos paradigmas de enseñanza – aprendizaje de tal manera contrarrestar las ineficaces metodologías tradicionales. Objetivo. Demostrar que la utilización de Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (OVAs) con escenarios semejantes a la realidad inciden positivamente en los educandos y facilitan las actividades de los docentes en el Instituto Tecnológico Luis A. Martínez. Metodología.  Un enfoque cuantitativo, con la comprobación de hipótesis; la información se recolectó en dos instancias la primera con la aplicación del test de diagnóstico financiero, el test de inteligencias múltiples a una muestra de 106 estudiantes del establecimiento, concluyéndose con una entrevista semiestructurada realizada a cada docente de la especialidad; posteriormente se ejecuta un programático de entrenamiento de la OVA (CASHFLOW) y se finaliza con test post- diagnósticos. Resultados. Entre los más significativos fue encontrar una diferencia del 40% entre el diagnóstico inicial y el post – diagnóstico; con la aplicación del test financiero se evidenció que en principio tanto en conocimientos, actitudes y comportamiento el 60% presentaron resultados desfavorables en el área; en el test de inteligencias múltiples lo significativo de los sujetos analizados fue que demostraron tres tipos de inteligencias predominantes: intrapersonal, interpersonal y rítmica. Luego de la aplicación del programático, los resultados son significativamente favorables y todos los tipos de inteligencias múltiples analizadas presentan valores medianos.  Conclusión. Se concluyó que la aplicación del objeto virtual de aprendizaje (CASFLOW) contribuye a mejorar las puntuaciones en el rendimiento académico y personal del estudiante; además estimula al docente a replantearse los métodos de enseñanza y evaluación que aplica en la actualidad.
Potencial antimicrobiano de extratos de própolis amazônica de Apis mellifera L. em Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis no estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Pereira Daniel Santiago , Nakasone Alessandra Keiko , Oliveira Mozaniel Santana de , Oliveira Luana Cardoso de , Pereira Natanael Santiago , Ports Pollyane da Silva , Souza Filho Antônio Pedro da Silva , Teixeira Joyce Caroline da Silva , Cruz Jorddy Neves , Medeiros Aline Carla de , Venturieri Giorgio Cristino , Silva Rosilene Agra da , Maracaja Patricio Borges , Freitas Marinalva Oliveira , Freitas Carlos Iberê Alves
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial efeito in vitro de extratos de própolis apícola amazônica sobre o crescimento de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, agente causal da bacteriose da mandioca. As amostras de própolis foram coletadas em apiários com colmeias habitadas por abelhas Apis mellifera L. (africanizadas) nos municípios de Santa Izabel e Curuçá, no estado do Pará. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de maceração estática por 24 h com os solventes hexano, acetato de etila e etanol 80%. Os perfis fenólicos das amostras foram obtidos através de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência/Detecção de Arranjo de Diodos/Espectrometria de Massas com Ionização Electrospray (HPLC/DAD/ESI-EM). A atividade antibacteriana foi verificada com os extratos nas concentrações de 0,1; 0,2; 0,3 e 0,4%. A análise química revelou a presença do kaempferol na amostra de Santa Izabel-PA, do ácido gálico na amostra de Curuçá-PA, e do 3,4-dihidroxibenzoico em ambas amostras. O extrato etanólico a 80% da própolis apícola de Santa Izabel reduziu significativamente o crescimento de X. axonopodis pv. Manihotis.
Utilização do sistema de comunicação por troca de imagens para o desenvolvimento comunicativo em Autistas
Authors: Silva Naiane Barros da , Coelho Aracy Tereza Castelo Branco , Farias Ruth Raquel Soares de
Published: December 2020

Constitui-se como objetivo principal avaliar a utilização do sistema PEC’S, sendo uma comunicação alternativa, no tratamento de crianças autistas que não verbalizam. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, explicativa e descritiva. Apresenta-se com caráter subjetivo do objeto analisado, com o intuito de buscar compreender suas particularidades, como forma de entender como é utilizado o sistema PECS, como forma de compreender o repertório lexical de cada indivíduo. O tratamento simboliza uma das formas terapêuticas mais eficaz em autistas que não verbalizam, entretanto, sua duração é indeterminada, podendo haver variações individuais, devido a isso, a forma de tratamento estabelecida nesses casos, deverá ser individualizada e singular. Observou-se que a utilização da PECS, como método terapêutico, favoreceu o tratamento das crianças com TEA, devido ser um promotor de comunicação verbal, em indivíduos que apresentam dificuldades de fala, apesar de ser uma estratégia de ensino individual.
Abuso sexual infantil e consequências na vida adulta: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Oliveira Aislan José de , Silva Clarice Gruss da , Ferro Luiz Roberto Marquezi , Rezende Manuel Morgado
Published: December 2020

Introdução: O abuso sexual infantil manifesta-se em todos os países e culturas, trazendo consequências que podem permanecer até a vida adulta, repercutindo na saúde física e principalmente psicológica do sujeito. Objetivos: O presente estudo objetivou investigar na literatura quais as consequências psicológicas desenvolvidas pelos adultos abusados na infância. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória e de revisão de literatura sistemática cujo levantamento se deu por meio da base de dados de artigos científicos denominada BIREME, no período de 2014 a 2019, utilizando como o descritor o termo “abuso sexual infantil”. Partindo de tal pesquisa, dentre os 120 artigos apresentados pela base de dados. Resultados: Após aplicar todos os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados 9 artigos que tratavam acerca da problemática. Discussão: Este estudo permitiu observar que as consequências do abuso sexual infantil implicam em danos graves sobre a saúde mental das vítimas, e, se não tratados corretamente, podem permanecer por toda a vida. Conclusão: A proporção dos danos depende muito da idade da criança, da configuração da relação em que há entre o abusador e a vítima, do ato sexual, da frequência, e ainda, do tempo de duração do abuso sexual. Quanto mais nova a criança, mais vulnerável ela é ao trauma.
Fatores ambientais na germinação de sementes e mecanismos de defesa para garantir sua perpetuação
Authors: Silva Geovanio Alves da , Pacheco Mauro Vasconcelos , Luz Mellina Nicácio da , Nonato Erika Rayra Lima , Delfino Rita de Cassia Henriques , Pereira Camilla Torres
Published: December 2020

Os fatores ambientais, bióticos e abióticos possuem papel fundamental, nas fases germinativas das sementes, além do mais, é importante conhecer as condições ideias em que as diferentes espécies florestais germinam e se estabelecem na natureza. Diante de condições desfavoráveis o processo de germinação das espécies, pode ser dificultado. Para garantirem a perpetuação das espécies, as sementes desenvolvem processo de dormência, que é uma estratégia de sobrevivência frente a situações perturbadoras no ambiente. Tendo em vista que, as sementes de espécies florestais nativas da Caatinga, germinam sob condições distintas entre cada espécie, se faz necessário desenvolver pesquisas que identifiquem os fatores que influenciam neste processo, assim como as habilidade e técnicas que as sementes utilizam para garantirem sua continuidade na natureza. Assim, é possível indicar alternativas eficientes e rápidas para germinação, com objetivo de usar estas técnicas na produção de mudas, recuperação das áreas degradas ou comercialização.
Distribuição espacial de Aphis craccivora Koch 1854 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) na cultura do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
Authors: Ferreira Kleyton Rezende , Durante Lucas Gustavo Yock , Araújo Lourismar Martins , Lanssanova Luciano Rodrigo , Gil Rodrigo Lemos , Andrade Fabricio Ribeiro , Nardis Barbara Olinda
Published: December 2020

Determinar o tipo de distribuição espacial de uma praga agrícola é uma das principais ferramentas para estabelecer uma metodologia de amostragem, portanto o objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a distribuição espacial de Aphis craccivora em feijão-caupi. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos no período de cultivo de feijão-caupi “da seca” na fazenda experimental da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), em Aquidauana-MS. A área experimental 300 m2, foi formada por 40 parcelas de quatro linhas com 5 metros de comprimento, espaçadas a 0,50 metros entre si, considerando-se como área útil as duas linhas centrais. As amostragens foram realizadas semanalmente a partir do aparecimento do primeiro pulgão. Foi determinada a variância media e os índices de agregassão. A distribuição de Poisson, distribuição binomial negativa e distribuição binomial positiva foram utilizadas para descrever a distribuição teórica de frequência para as amostras da população: As variâncias das amostragens foram sempre superior à média, o que indica ajuste à distribuição binomial negativa, com a disposição do inseto tendendo à agregação, o que normalmente ocorre no campo para os índices de Razão Variância-Média (I), Índice de Morisita (Iδ) e Expoente k da Distribuição Binomial Negativa (k), foi obtido para a distribuição da comunidade de pulgões pretos no feijão caupi, a distribuição no formato agregado. Para os testes de distribuição de freqüência o que mais se enquadra para as amostragens foi o da distribuição Binomial Negativa, indicando população de pulgão preto se comporta de forma agregada na cultura do feijão caupi.
Prevenção de infecção relacionada à cateter venoso central: cuidados e conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Ribeiro Aclênia Maria Nascimento , Costa Gabriela Oliveira Parentes da , Leite Yara Maria Rêgo , Pereira Eliseba dos Santos , Sousa Joseane Cleia Rocha de , Rodrigues Lígia Maria Cabedo , Pinheiro Daniella Mendes , Oliveira Camila Barbosa Sousa , Dantas Juliana de Menezes , Lima Telma Vieira , Sousa Genildo Cruz , Costa Iaciara Silva , Tinel Otília Maria Reis Sousa , Cruz Francisca Maria Pereira da
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: identificar os principais cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção de infecção relacionada à cateter venoso central. Metodologia:Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura na qual foi utilizada os descritores: infecções relacionadas a cateter, cateteres venosos centrais, cuidados de enfermagem e prevenção de doenças. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SCIELO e BDENF e para a definição dos critérios de inclusão, foi selecionado o recorte temporal de 2017 a 2020, artigos completos, disponibilizados gratuitamente e em língua portuguesa. Foram excluídos os artigos que não correspondiam ao foco da pesquisa e não contribuíam para a discussão e alcance do objetivo investigado. Resultados e Discussão: A amostra final foi composta de 09 artigos que após a análise de seus conteúdos foi identificado que os principais cuidados de enfermagem para a prevenção de infecção relacionada à cateter venoso central constituíram-se de higienização das mãos de forma adequada, realização de curativos em óstio de CVC com curativo oclusivo estéril, inspeção diária do local de inserção do cateter, trocas de equipos e desinfecção de conectores antes de serem acessados. Conclusão: Em vista disso, acredita-se que o estudo fornecerá informações relevantes para a equipe de enfermagem, bem como para toda a equipe multiprofissional que presta assistência aos pacientes com esses tipos de dispositivos invasivos. Convém ressaltar ainda e importância do desenvolvimento de mais estudos envolvendo o tema em questão, considerando o contexto da segurança do paciente que deve ser o objetivo maior de toda a equipe de saúde.
Realised niche and suitability index highlight spatial and temporal distribution of toxic phytoplankton species
Authors: Guallar C , Chapelle A , Bacher C
Published: December 2020

Understanding the spatial and temporal preferences of toxic phytoplankton species is of paramount importance in managing and predicting harmful events in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we addressed the realised niche of the species Alexandrium minutum, Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta and P. australis to highlight distribution patterns at different scales and determine possible drivers. To achieve this goal, we developed original procedures coupling niche theory and habitat suitability modelling using abundance data in 4 consecutive steps: (1) estimate the realised niche applying kernel functions, (2) assess differences between the species’ niches as a whole and at the local level, (3) develop habitat and temporal suitability models using niche overlap procedures and (4) explore species temporal and spatial distributions to highlight possible drivers. We used data on species abundance and environmental variables collected over 27 yr (1988-2014), including 139 coastal water sampling sites along the French Atlantic coast. Results showed that the niches occupied by A. minutum and P. australis are very different, although both species exhibit a preference for warmer months. They both respond to decadal summer North Atlantic Oscillation (sNAO) but in an opposite way. P. fraudulenta’s realised niche lies in between that of the 2 other species; it also prefers warmer months but does not respond to decadal sNAO. The Brittany peninsula is now classified as an area of prevalence for the 3 species. The methodology used here will allow us to anticipate species distributions in the event of future environmental challenges resulting from climate change scenarios.
The importance of marine resources in the diet of urban gulls
Authors: Pais de Faria J , Vaz PT , Lopes CS , Calado JG , Pereira JM , Veríssimo SN , Paiva VH , Gonçalves AMM , Ramos JA
Published: December 2020

The availability of anthropogenic food subsidies has promoted an increase in generalist opportunistic gull species, which currently breed and forage on predictable anthropogenic resources (e.g. landfills). Here we investigated whether marine resources are still important to urban-dwelling gulls. We studied 4 natural and 2 urban yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis colonies and compared (1) diet composition (through pellet analysis) and (2) isotopic niches of adults and chicks, (3) diet delivered to chicks of different ages, and (4) fatty acid (FA) composition of fledglings, in order to assess diet composition, diversity and quality, and the relevance of marine prey for natural and urban gull populations. Adult urban gulls consumed considerably lower proportions of marine prey when compared to gulls from natural colonies; however, they fed their younger chicks (<20 d old) mostly with fish, representing 61-80% of their chick food deliveries. Refuse items were mostly delivered to chicks older than 20 d. Overall, urban isotopic niches were not completely distinct from those of natural colonies, in some cases sharing ca. 50% of their niche space. Fledglings from the most urbanized colony presented overall higher FA concentrations and diversity, but they were lacking some omega-3 FAs relevant to their physiology. Our results highlight the importance of marine resources in the diet of urban gulls, particularly during early chick rearing, the relevance of food sources in the area around the breeding colonies and the fact that urban gulls benefit from year-round reliable anthropogenic food resources.
Influence of fisheries on the spatio-temporal feeding ecology of gulls along the western Iberian coast
Authors: Calado JG , Veríssimo SN , Paiva VH , Ramos R , Vaz PT , Matos D , Pereira J , Lopes C , Oliveira N , Quaresma A , Ceia FR , Velando A , Ramos JA
Published: December 2020

Gulls are highly opportunistic seabirds, and the exploitation of fishery discards has led to many population increases worldwide. We investigated the importance of fish in the diet of yellow-legged Larus michahellis and Audouin’s gulls L. audouinii and assessed the influence of fishery discards on their feeding ecology. We collected pellets from 4 islands along the western Iberian coast during pre-breeding, breeding, and post-breeding seasons from 2014 to 2018. Stable isotopes (from adult blood, and chick and adult feathers) were used to investigate spatial, seasonal, and inter-annual differences in their feeding ecology. We used pellet, stable isotope (δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S), and biochemical (triglycerides, uric acid, total protein, and carotenoids in adult plasma) analyses to investigate their relationships with fish landings across the annual cycle. Results revealed that the fish species consumed by gulls matched those landed by local fisheries on all study islands, and there was a positive association of pelagic and demersal fish diets with fish landing quantities for 2 islands. δ34S values suggest different self-feeding and chick-provisioning strategies in relation to fisheries. δ15N values exhibited strong negative correlations with fish landings, and triglycerides were positively correlated with pelagic but not with demersal fish landing quantities, suggesting that gulls fed more on lower trophic level and higher energetic content pelagic fish than on demersal fish. Overall, our results based on several techniques suggest that gull feeding ecology was linked to fishery discards, which in view of the new EU landing obligation may have major implications for both gull populations across Europe.
Triggers, Timescales, and Treatments for Cytokine-Mediated Tissue Damage
Authors: McBride David , Kerr Matthew , Dorn Nicholas , Ogbonna Dora , Santos Evan , Shah Nisarg
Published: December 2020

Inflammation, an essential cytokine-mediated process for generating a neutralising immune response against pathogens, is generally protective. However, aberrant or excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines is associated with uncontrolled local and systemic inflammation, resulting in cell death and often irreversible tissue damage. Uncontrolled inflammation can manifest over timescales spanning hours to years and is primarily dependent on the triggering event. Rapid and potentially lethal increases in cytokine production, or ‘cytokine storm’, develops in hours to days, and is associated with cancer cell-based immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. On the other hand, some bacterial and viral infections with high microbial replication or highly potent antigens elicit immune responses that result in supraphysiological systemic cytokine concentrations, which manifest over days to weeks. Immune dysregulation in autoimmune diseases can lead to chronic cytokine-mediated tissue damage spanning months to years, which often occurs episodically. Upregulation of IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor frequently coincides with cytokine storm, sepsis, and autoimmune disease. Inhibition of proinflammatory molecules via antagonist monoclonal antibodies has improved clinical outcomes, but the complexity of the underlying immune dysregulation results in high variability. Rather than a ‘one size fits all’ treatment approach, an identification of disease endotypes may permit the development of effective therapeutic strategies that address the contributors of disease progression. Here, the authors present a literature review of the cytokine-associated aetiology of acute and chronic cytokine-mediated tissue damage, describe successes and challenges in developing clinical treatments, and highlight advancements in preclinical therapeutic strategies for mitigating pathological cytokine production.
Objectives of the Millimetron Space Observatory science program and technical capabilities of its realization
Authors: Novikov I D , Likhachev S F , Shchekinov Yu A , Andrianov A S , Baryshev A M , Vasyunin A I , Wiebe D Z , Graauw Th de , Doroshkevich A G , Zinchenko I I , Kardashev N S , Kostenko V I , Larchenkova T I , Likhacheva L N , Lyakhovets A O , Novikov D I , Pilipenko S V , Punanova A F , Rudnitsky A G , Smirnov A V , Shematovich V I
Published: December 2020

We present the scientific program of the Spectr-M project aimed at the creation and operation of the Millimetron Space Observatory (MSO) planned for launch in the late 2020s. The unique technical capabilities of the observatory will enable broadband observations of astronomical objects from 50 μm to 10 mm wavelengths with a record sensitivity (up to ∼ 0.1 μJy) in the single-dish mode and with an unprecedented high angular resolution (∼ 0.1 μas) in the ground-space very long baseline interferometer (SVLBI) regime. The program addresses fundamental priority issues of astrophysics and physics in general that can be solved only with the MSO capabilities: 1) the study of physical processes in the early Universe up to redshifts z ∼ 2 × 106 through measuring μ-distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, and investigation of the structure and evolution of the Universe at redshifts z < 15 by measuring y-distortions of the CMB spectrum; 2) the investigation of the geometry of space-time around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the center of our Galaxy and M87 by imaging surrounding shadows, the study of plasma properties in the shadow formation regions, and the search for observational manifestations of wormholes; 3) the study of observational manifestations of the origin of life in the Universe — the search for water and biomarkers in the Galactic interstellar medium. Moreover, the technical capabilities of the MSO can help solve related problems, including the birth of the first galaxies and SMBHs (z ≳ 10), alternative approaches to measuring the Hubble constant, the physics of SMBHs in ‘dusty’ galactic nuclei, the study of protoplanetary disks and water transport in them, and the study of ‘ocean worlds’ in the Solar System.
UTILIZACIÓN DEL OZONO MÉDICO EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL DOLOR LUMBAR
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Solis Cartas Urbano ,   Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El dolor lumbar ha sido señalado como una de las principales causas de invalidez laboral temporal y/o definitiva. Objetivo: Identificar las ventajas de la aplicación de ozono médico como terapia combinada en el tratamiento de pacientes con lumbalgia aguda. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles con dx de lumbalgia aguda en 100 pacientes mayores de 20 años de edad atendidos en la consulta externa de reumatología del Hospital Andino de Chimborazo entre julio 2018 y julio 2019. El grupo control recibió tratamiento con esquemas terapéuticos tradicionales según consensos internacionales para el tratamiento del dolor lumbar agudo. El grupo de casos se adicionó ozono médico, 10 sesiones rectales en tres semanas. Se aplicó la escala visual análoga de dolor y la escala de Oswestry para identificar incapacidad. Se utilizó la prueba de comparación de medias y de McNemar para identificar cambios en la intensidad del dolor, en la presencia y tipo de incapacidad. Resultado: promedio de edad por encima de los 50 años con predominio de pacientes femeninas. La intensidad del dolor al inicio del tratamiento se comportó como media de ambos grupos en 8,76 puntos mientras que el 87 % de los pacientes refirió algún tipo de discapacidad con predominio para la incapacidad moderada. Conclusiones: la aplicación de ozono médico combinado influyó positivamente en la disminución de la intensidad del dolor y en la presencia y tipo de incapacidad
Density Functional Prediction of Quasiparticle, Excitation, and Resonance Energies of Molecules With a Global Scaling Correction Approach
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Zheng Xiao , Yang Weitao
Published: December 2020

Molecular quasiparticle and excitation energies determine essentially the spectral characteristics measured in various spectroscopic experiments. Accurate prediction of these energies has been rather challenging for ground-state density functional methods, because the commonly adopted density function approximations suffer from delocalization error. In this work, by presuming a quantitative correspondence between the quasiparticle energies and the generalized Kohn–Sham orbital energies, and employing a previously developed global scaling correction approach, we achieve substantially improved prediction of molecular quasiparticle and excitation energies. In addition, we also extend our previous study on temporary anions in resonant states, which are associated with negative molecular electron affinities. The proposed approach does not require any explicit self-consistent field calculation on the excited-state species, and is thus highly efficient and convenient for practical purposes.
Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks for Amperometric Sensing of Paracetamol
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Sen , Luo Jiahuan , Hou Shaogang , Song Haixiang , Niu Yongsheng , Zhang Chuanxiang
Published: December 2020

An electrochemical sensor for paracetamol is executed by using conductive MOF (NiCu-CAT), which is synthesized by 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) ligand. The utility of this 2D NiCu-CAT is measured by the detection of paracetamol, p-stacking within the MOF layers is essential to achieve high electrical conductivity, redox activity, and catalytic activity. In particular, NiCu-CAT demonstrated detection Limit of determination near 5μM for paracetamol through a wide concentration range (5–190 μM). The NiCu-CAT/GCE exhibits excellent reproducibility, stability, and interference for paracetamol.
Campylobacter jejuni Serine Protease HtrA Cleaves the Tight Junction Component Claudin-8
Authors: Sharafutdinov Irshad , Esmaeili Delara Soltan , Harrer Aileen , Tegtmeyer Nicole , Sticht Heinrich , Backert Steffen
Published: December 2020

Campylobacter jejuni express the high temperature requirement protein A (HtrA), a secreted serine protease, which is implicated in virulence properties of the pathogen. Previous studies have shown that C. jejuni HtrA can cleave the epithelial transmembrane proteins occludin and E-cadherin in the tight and adherens junctions, respectively. In the present report, we studied the interaction of HtrA with another human tight junction protein, claudin-8. Confocal immunofluorescence experiments have shown that C. jejuni infection of the intestinal polarized epithelial cells in vitro leads to a relocation of claudin-8. Wild-type C. jejuni induced the downregulation of claudin-8 signals in the tight junctions and an accumulation of claudin-8 agglomerates in the cytoplasm, which were not seen during infection with isogenic ΔhtrA knockout deletion or protease-inactive S197A point mutants. Western blotting of protein samples from infected vs. uninfected cells revealed that an 18-kDa carboxy-terminal fragment is cleaved-off from the 26-kDa full-length claudin-8 protein, but not during infection with the isogenic ΔhtrA mutant. These results were confirmed by in vitro cleavage assays using the purified recombinant C. jejuni HtrA and human claudin-8 proteins. Recombinant HtrA cleaved purified claudin-8 in vitro giving rise to the same 18-kDa sized carboxy-terminal cleavage product. Mapping studies revealed that HtrA cleavage occurs in the first extracellular loop of claudin-8. Three-dimensional modeling of the claudin-8 structure identified an exposed HtrA cleavage site between the amino acids alanine 58 and asparagine 59, which is in well agreement with the mapping studies. Taken together, HtrA operates as a secreted virulence factor targeting multiple proteins both in the tight and adherens junctions. This strategy may help the bacteria to open the cell-to-cell junctions, and to transmigrate across the intestinal epithelium by a paracellular mechanism and establish an acute infection.
The Impact of Eddies on Nutrient Supply, Diatom Biomass and Carbon Export in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Shih Yung‐Yen , Hung Chin‐Chang , Tuo Sing‐how , Shao Huan‐Jie , Chow Chun Hoe , Muller François L. L. , Cai Yuan‐Hong
Published: December 2020

We have investigated the effect of eddies (cold and warm eddies, CEs and WEs) on the nutrient supply to the euphotic zone and the organic carbon export from the euphotic zone to deeper parts of the water column in the northern South China Sea. Besides basic hydrographic and biogeochemical parameters, the flux of particulate organic carbon (POC), a critical index of the strength of the oceanic biological pump, was also measured at several locations within two CEs and one WE using floating sediment traps deployed below the euphotic zone. The POC flux associated with the CEs (85 ± 55 mg-C m−2 d−1) was significantly higher than that associated with the WE (20 ± 7 mg-C m−2 d−1). This was related to differences in the density structure of the water column between the two types of eddies. Within the core of the WE, downwelling created intense stratification which hindered the upward mixing of nutrients and favored the growth of small phytoplankton species. Near the periphery of the WE, nutrient replenishment from below did take place, but only to a limited extent. By far the strongest upwelling was associated with the CEs, bringing nutrients into the lower portion (∼50 m) of the euphotic zone and fueling the growth of larger-cell phytoplankton such as centric diatoms (e.g., Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus) and dinoflagellates (e.g., Ceratium). A significant finding that emerged from all the results was the positive relationship between the phytoplankton carbon content in the subsurface layer (where the chlorophyll a maximum occurs) and the POC flux to the deep sea.
College Student Meaning Making and Interest Maintenance During COVID-19: From Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) to Science Learning Being Off-Campus and Online
Authors: Wang Cong , Bauer Melanie , Burmeister Alita R. , Hanauer David I. , Graham Mark J.
Published: December 2020

In response to the outbreak of COVID-19 the national landscape of higher education changed quickly and dramatically to move “online” in the Spring semester of 2020. While distressing to both faculty and students, it presents a unique opportunity to explore how students responded to this unexpected and challenging learning situation. In four undergraduate STEM courses that incorporated course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs)—which are often focused on discovery learning and laboratory research—we had an existing study in progress to track students' interest development at five time points over the Spring 2020 semester. Via this ongoing study we were able to investigate how students stay engaged in their college science courses when facing unexpected challenges and obstacles to their learning. Longitudinal survey data from 41 students in these CURE courses demonstrated that students' situational interest dropped significantly when their CURE courses unexpectedly shifted from hands-on, discovery-based, and laboratory-based instruction to online instruction. Although we observed a dramatic decline in student interest in general after the CURE courses moved fully online, the decline rates varied across students. Students who were able to make meaningful connections between the learning activities and their personal or career goals were more likely to maintain a higher level of interest in the course. Implications for practice are discussed.
Amniotic Membrane Extract Protects Islets From Serum-Deprivation Induced Impairments and Improves Islet Transplantation Outcome
Authors: Yang Zhaoming , Li Xiaohang , Zhang Chengshuo , Sun Ning , Guo Tingwei , Lin Jianzhen , Li Feng , Zhang Jialin
Published: December 2020

Islet culture prior to transplantation is a standard practice in many transplantation centers. Nevertheless, the abundant islet mass loss and function impairment during this serum-deprivation culture period restrain the success of islet transplantation. In the present study, we used a natural biomaterial derived product, amniotic membrane extract (AME), as medium supplementation of islet pretransplant cultivation to investigate its protective effect on islet survival and function and its underlying mechanisms, as well as the engraftment outcome of islets following AME treatment. Results showed that AME supplementation improved islet viability and function, and decreased islet apoptosis and islet loss during serum-deprived culture. This was associated with the increased phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Moreover, transplantation of serum-deprivation stressed islets that were pre-treated with AME into diabetic mice revealed better blood glucose control and improved islet graft survival. In conclusion, AME could improve islet survival and function in vivo and in vitro, and was at least partially through increasing phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
The Role of Thyroid Hormones and Autoantibodies in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease: TgAb May Be a Potential Protective Factor
Authors: Zhang Xiaofu , Li Ruyi , Chen Yingjie , Dai Yuning , Chen Ling , Qin Lei , Cheng Xingbo , Lu Yan
Published: December 2020

Background

Previous studies have shown that metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with thyroid hormones (THs), immunity, and inflammation status, but few studies involved thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to evaluate the role of THs, thyroid autoantibodies, inflammatory biomarkers in MAFLD, its cofactors, and other possible determinants.

Materials and Methods

In the study, a total of 424 Chinese patients were selected and categorized as non-MAFLD and MAFLD. Serum thyroid hormone, thyroid autoantibody and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured. The data of blood pressure, the serum lipid profile, glucose and liver enzymes were collected. The differences and association between research findings were examined and analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, One-Way ANOVA test and Multiple Logistic Regression models.

Results

The study showed significant increase in the prevalence of MAFLD with high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (P < 0.01) and abnormal high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (P < 0.01). The proportion of MAFLD patients decreased significantly with the rise of free thyroxine (FT4) (P = 0.04), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) (P < 0.01), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) (P < 0.01), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) levels (P < 0.01). Based on logistic regression analysis, MAFLD was significantly associated with lower levels of TgAb (P < 0.01), TPOAb (P < 0.01), and higher levels of hsCRP (P < 0.01) in male. In female, elevated TgAb (P < 0.01) may be a protective factor, while higher levels of hsCRP (P < 0.01) showed increased risk of MAFLD. Logistic models were adjusted for age, BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL, HDL.

Conclusions

Taken together, TgAb may be a potential protective factor for MAFLD and elevated hsCRP level should be considered as an independent risk factor for MAFLD in both genders. TPOAb also demonstrated protective effect, but only in male. The prevalence of MAFLD increased with higher TSH levels and lower FT4, TRAb levels, but no significant association were found. However, Our findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of MAFLD by further investigating the impact of THs, thyroid autoimmunity, and inflammation on MAFLD patients.
How Can Drug Metabolism and Transporter Genetics Inform Psychotropic Prescribing?
Authors: Carvalho Henriques Beatriz , Yang Esther H. , Lapetina Diego , Carr Michael S. , Yavorskyy Vasyl , Hague Joshua , Aitchison Katherine J.
Published: December 2020

Many genetic variants in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters have been shown to be relevant for treating psychiatric disorders. Associations are strong enough to feature on drug labels and for prescribing guidelines based on such data. A range of commercial tests are available; however, there is variability in included genetic variants, methodology, and interpretation. We herein provide relevant background for understanding clinical associations with specific variants, other factors that are relevant to consider when interpreting such data (such as age, gender, drug–drug interactions), and summarize the data relevant to clinical utility of pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatry and the available prescribing guidelines. We also highlight areas for future research focus in this field.
Epigenetic Variation Analysis Leads to Biomarker Discovery in Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yan , Guo Dianjing
Published: December 2020

As one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) and its prognosis are still poorly understood. Various genetic and epigenetic factors have been indicated in GC carcinogenesis. However, a comprehensive and in-depth investigation of epigenetic alteration in gastric cancer is still missing. In this study, we systematically investigated some key epigenetic features in GC, including DNA methylation and five core histone modifications. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program and other studies (Gene Expression Omnibus) were collected, analyzed, and validated with multivariate statistical analysis methods. The landscape of epi-modifications in gastric cancer was described. Chromatin state transition analysis showed a histone marker shift in gastric cancer genome by employing a Hidden-Markov-Model based approach, indicated that histone marks tend to label different sets of genes in GC compared to control. An additive effect of these epigenetic marks was observed by integrated analysis with gene expression data, suggesting epigenetic modifications may cooperatively regulate gene expression. However, the effect of DNA methylation was found more significant without the presence of the five histone modifications in our study. By constructing a PPI network, key genes to distinguish GC from normal samples were identified, and distinct patterns of oncogenic pathways in GC were revealed. Some of these genes can also serve as potential biomarkers to classify various GC molecular subtypes. Our results provide important insights into the epigenetic regulation in gastric cancer and other cancers in general. This study describes the aberrant epigenetic variation pattern in GC and provides potential direction for epigenetic biomarker discovery.
Comparative Transcriptome Reveals the Genes’ Adaption to Herkogamy of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Yukai , Zhou Yan , Zhang Jingwen , Bai He , Zheng Chunfang
Published: December 2020

Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt is among the most endangered mangrove species in China. The morphology and evolution of L. littorea flowers have received substantial attention for their crucial reproductive functions. However, little is known about the genomic regulation of flower development in L. littorea. In this study, we characterized the morphology of two kinds of L. littorea flowers and performed comparative analyses of transcriptome profiles of the two different flowers. Morphological observation showed that some flowers have a column embedded in the petals while others produce a stretched flower style during petal unfolding in flowering. By using RNA-seq, we obtained 138,857 transcripts that were assembled into 82,833 unigenes with a mean length of 1055.48 bp. 82,834 and 34,997 unigenes were assigned to 52 gene ontology (GO) functional groups and 364 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, respectively. A total of 4,267 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1,794 transcription factors (TFs), were identified between two types of flowers. These TFs are mainly involved in bHLH, B3, bZIP, MYB-related, and NAC family members. We further validated that 12 MADS-box genes, including 4 MIKC-type and 8 M-type TFs, were associated with the pollinate of L. littorea by herkogamy. Our current results provide valuable information for genetic analysis of L. littorea flowering and may be useful for illuminating its adaptive evolutionary mechanisms.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Unfolded Protein Response Was Induced During the Early Stage of Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection in A549 Cells
Authors: Rao Chenglong , Mao Chan , Xia Yupei , Zhang Meijuan , Hu Zhiqiang , Yuan Siqi , Yang Wenbo , Yan Jingmin , Deng Ling , Cai Xiaolian , Mao Xuhu , Li Qian , Liao Yaling
Published: December 2020

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a zoonotic pathogen that usually affects patients' lungs and causes serious melioidosis. The interaction of B. pseudomallei with its hosts is complex, and cellular response to B. pseudomallei infection in humans still remains to be elucidated. In this study, transcriptomic profiling of B. pseudomallei-infected human lung epithelial A549 cells was performed to characterize the cellular response dynamics during the early infection (EI) stage. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed by using the online databases DAVID 6.8 and KOBAS 3.0. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were used for validation experiments. Compared with the negative control group (NC), a set of 36 common genes varied over time with a cut-off level of 1.5-fold change, and a P-value < 0.05 was identified. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) was enriched as the most noteworthy biological process category, which was enriched as a branch of UPR in the signaling pathway of protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Other categories, such as inflammatory responses, cell migration, and apoptosis, were also focused. The molecular chaperone Bip (GRP78), PERK, and PERK sensor-dependent phosphorylation of eIF2α (p-eIF2α) and ATF4 were verified to be increasing over time during the EI stage, suggesting that B. pseudomallei infection activated the PERK-mediated UPR in A549 cells. Collectively, these results provide important initial insights into the intimate interaction between B. pseudomallei and lung epithelial cells, which can be further explored toward the elucidation of the cellular mechanisms of B. pseudomallei infections in humans.
Long Non-coding RNA ST8SIA6-AS1 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression Through Sponging miR-125a-3p
Authors: Cao Qifeng , Yang Weiqin , Ji Xili , Wang Wei
Published: December 2020

Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a critical role in human disease progression. Recently, a novel lncRNA ST8SIA6-AS1 was shown as an important driver in various cancer types. Nevertheless, its contribution to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains undocumented. Herein, we found that ST8SIA6-AS1 was frequently overexpressed in LUAD cell lines, tissues, and plasma. Depletion of ST8SIA6-AS1 significantly inhibited LUAD cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In term of mechanism, ST8SIA6-AS1 was transcriptionally repressed by tumor suppressor p53, and ST8SIA6-AS1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm and could abundantly sponge miR-125a-3p to increase nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) expression, thereby facilitating LUAD malignant progression. Clinically, high ST8SIA6-AS1 was positively correlated with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and later TNM stage. Moreover, ST8SIA6-AS1 was identified as an excellent indicator for MM diagnosis and prognosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ST8SIA6-AS1 is a carcinogenic lncRNA in LUAD, and targeting the axis of ST8SIA6-AS1/miR-125a-3p/NNMT may be a promising treatment for LUAD patients.
Single Cell Transcriptomics Implicate Novel Monocyte and T Cell Immune Dysregulation in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Garman Lori , Pelikan Richard C. , Rasmussen Astrid , Lareau Caleb A. , Savoy Kathryn A. , Deshmukh Umesh S. , Bagavant Harini , Levin Albert M. , Daouk Salim , Drake Wonder P. , Montgomery Courtney G.
Published: December 2020

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of immune cells into granulomas. Previous gene expression studies using heterogeneous cell mixtures lack insight into cell-type-specific immune dysregulation. We performed the first single-cell RNA-sequencing study of sarcoidosis in peripheral immune cells in 48 patients and controls. Following unbiased clustering, differentially expressed genes were identified for 18 cell types and bioinformatically assessed for function and pathway enrichment. Our results reveal persistent activation of circulating classical monocytes with subsequent upregulation of trafficking molecules. Specifically, classical monocytes upregulated distinct markers of activation including adhesion molecules, pattern recognition receptors, and chemokine receptors, as well as enrichment of immunoregulatory pathways HMGB1, mTOR, and ephrin receptor signaling. Predictive modeling implicated TGFβ and mTOR signaling as drivers of persistent monocyte activation. Additionally, sarcoidosis T cell subsets displayed patterns of dysregulation. CD4 naïve T cells were enriched for markers of apoptosis and Th17/Treg differentiation, while effector T cells showed enrichment of anergy-related pathways. Differentially expressed genes in regulatory T cells suggested dysfunctional p53, cell death, and TNFR2 signaling. Using more sensitive technology and more precise units of measure, we identify cell-type specific, novel inflammatory and regulatory pathways. Based on our findings, we suggest a novel model involving four convergent arms of dysregulation: persistent hyperactivation of innate and adaptive immunity via classical monocytes and CD4 naïve T cells, regulatory T cell dysfunction, and effector T cell anergy. We further our understanding of the immunopathology of sarcoidosis and point to novel therapeutic targets.