bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Wind Turbine Wake Steering Model Employing the Ainslie Velocity Deficit
Authors: Bernard V , Santos Pereira R B , Bénard P
Published: September 2020

Wind turbine wakes are an important source of production losses in wind parks, and strategies to mitigate these effects are being explored. One such strategy is yaw steering, where a wind turbine is purposefully misaligned with the wind to deflect its wake away from a downstream turbine, increasing overall farm power production. In order to optimize yaw steering control, fast and accurate models for wake deflection are necessary. Several models have been proposed in literature, often based on approximations of the wake shape. In the present work, a new model is proposed that computes wake deflection based on the result of the Ainslie wake deficit model used in the Dynamic Wake Meandering (DWM) approach that has recently entered the IEC61400 standard for wind turbines. The proposed formulation makes few additional assumptions and introduces no additional fitting parameters beyond those of the DWM wake deficit model. Results obtained using the new methodology are compared to two models from literature and to LES-ALM simulations in a limited number of cases, showing satisfactory results. More extensive comparisons in a variety of cases should be performed in order to better evaluate the proposed methodology. Possible future improvements to the presented formulation are put forward.
Features of electromagnetic wave propagation in a longitudinally magnetized gyrotropic elliptic waveguide
Authors: Itigilov G B , Sh Shirapov D , Kravchenko V A
Published: September 2020

In scientific literature the electromagnetic waves propagation in gyrotropic elliptic waveguides has not been studied enough due to: 1) difficulties of deriving Helmholtz equations for gyrotropic elliptic waveguides in arbitrary magnetization directions, 2) difficulties of solving Helmholtz equations and deriving the dispersion equations, 3) difficulties of solving the dispersion equations themselves. In this work, for the first time, dispersion equations for longitudinally magnetized gyrotropic elliptic waveguides were solved. Basing on the solutions results, the dependencies of the constant propagation: 1) on the strength and direction of the magnetizing field, 2) on the waveguide ellipticity at a constant ferrite magnetization were investigated. Studies have revealed previously unknown features inherent only to the electromagnetic waves in such waveguides propagation and showed that: 1) with the ferrite magnetization increase -3,1 times the polarization plane rotation angle increases by «5,4 times; 2) the gyrotropic elliptic waveguide polarization plane rotation angle is greater than that of a similar round waveguide. The results show the main advantage of gyrotropic elliptic guide systems over circular ones consists in the possibilities of varying both external and geometric parameters of gyrotropic elliptic guide systems and obtaining significant phase raids, which in turn allows developing more efficient phase shifters.
Determining the repetition period of transionospheric radio channel sounding to retrain a facility of correction for dispersion distortions
Authors: Ivanov D V , Ivanov V A , Ryabova N V , Kislitsin A A
Published: September 2020

Correction for dispersion distortions in the transionospheric radio channel poses a topical problem of determining the appropriate repetition period of sounding. Research focused on studying the variations of the sounding repetition period to increase the efficiency of correction for dispersion distortions in the channel. There is proposed a method for experimental studying the diurnal variations of the coherence time (“lifetime”) of the transionospheric channel. The method is supported by the derived equations that establish relations between the channel lifetime and the time derivative of the total electron content of the ionosphere. Research findings allowed to determine the appropriate repetition period of channel sounding to retrain the facility of correction for dispersion distortions in the transionospheric radio channels.
Improvement of methods for studying internal gravity waves in the Earth’s atmosphere using radiosonde measurements
Authors: Gubenko V N , Kirillovich I A , Andreev V E
Published: September 2020

Internal gravity waves (IGWs) determine atmospheric dynamics at all heights providing an effective mechanism for the transfer of wave energy and momentum upward from the lower levels. The dynamical (shear) and convective instabilities contribute most to the energy dissipation and saturation of internal waves in the Earth’s atmosphere. The wave saturation assumption is a key point at the radio occultation (RO) investigations of IGWs, therefore, verification of its implementation in the Earth’s atmosphere using radiosonde studies is an important task of atmospheric physics. We propose an upgraded hodograph method based on combined analysis of the velocity and temperature measurements. To achieve the minimal errors in obtained results of reconstructing the internal wave characteristics, the polarization relation between the wave wind speed and temperature variations in the Earth’s atmosphere has been used. It has been shown that the improved method of wind speed hodograph analysis is especially relevant for cases when the intrinsic frequencies of analyzed IGWs noticeably exceed the Coriolis parameter values.
Revisiting the conducting of measurements from the board of International Space Station by decimeter synthetic aperture radar system
Authors: Kalinkevich A A , Kutuza B G , Yu Manakov V , Masyuk V M , Plyushchev V A
Published: September 2020

Nowadays the importance of using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in the P and VHF bands for object recognition, as well as for surface and subsurface sensing of the Earth’s surface has been proven. However, the space experiment using P-band SAR has not yet been implemented. One of the most important reasons for this is destructive influence of the ionosphere on the quality of synthesized images. It is expected that the polarimetric radar survey of the Earth’s surface in the years to come will be provided by two spacecraft – ”BIOMASS” and ”ISS-SAR(P) (International space station-SAR(P)”, operating at frequencies ∼435 MHz. Variety of phenomena related to radio wave propagation through the ionosphere, as well as the temporal and spatial inhomogeneities of its properties, has been the subject of research for many decades. In the case of the use of SAR of P and VHF bands for remote sensing of the Earth (ERS), the situation is aggravated by the fact that various processes in the ionosphere begin to concentrate, that reduces the unique properties of the performance of these devices to a minimum. As a result, a number of provisions concerning the application of the SAR of P and VHF bands for remote sensing require clarification and additional studies of the ionospheric influence on electromagnetic radiation passing the ”Satellite – Earth – reflection from the Earth’s surface – Satellite” route. Such studies can be carried out directly in the course of the space experiment (SE) by creating specialized ground test sites, equipment of which works according to the program coordinated with the operation of SAR. The ISS-SAR(P) experiment in the area of a ground-based test site should primarily be considered as the development of methods for additional ionosphere research, and also as an improvement in methods for compensating the influence of the ionosphere on radar images.
Design of a push-broom multi-beam radiometer mapping system based on toroidal SAT TV antenna
Authors: Gerasimov O A , Drozdov D V , Rybakov Yu V
Published: September 2020

A functional diagram of a surface radiation mapping microwave radiometer system is presented. The system is proposed for use in agriculture, to map fields soil moisture, effectiveness of draining systems, etc. It has also many other useful applications, such as early detection of subsurface fires in peats and many more. Previous single-beam systems used a number of passes and long lasting flight times to obtain a map of the underlying surface. Some multi-beam systems used bulky electromechanical scanning antennae unsuitable for light aerial vehicles. Thus those systems were unaffordable to use for small agricultural businesses due to high production and operational costs. Authors propose low-cost microwave push-broom system that is based on a toroidal antenna and other budget components mass-produced for satellite television. Due to its low weight the complex can be mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The microwave complex is designed to use six to fourteen radiometer channels of different bands on a single toroidal antenna. This allows to form the underlying surface map containing radiation data with limited number of aircraft passes significantly reducing survey time. The possibility of simultaneous operation in the Ku and C bands has been successfully investigated.
Simulating a microstrip vibrator emitter
Authors: Ovchinnikova E V , Dinh To Nguyen , Kondratyeva S G , Shmachilin P A , Gadzhitv E V , Gigolo A I
Published: September 2020

There has been a shift from omnidirectional antennas in the azimuth plane to active phased antenna arrays with wide-angle scanning in ground communication systems. The report presents models of such antenna arrays and demonstrates the possibility of increasing the energy potential by using spatial schemes for constructing such antennas. To practically implement spatial antenna arrays, omnidirectional emitters in the azimuthal plane are used: balanced and unbalanced unipoles. It is advisable to manufacture vibrators using printed technology. The report presents the design of a micro-strip vibrator emitter for a cylindrical or concentric cylindrical antenna array. The results of numerical electrodynamic modeling are presented. The parameters and main characteristics of the emitter in the antenna array are determined.
Use of the Sun’s radiothermal radiation as an external source for research of multi-frequency microwave radiometric system antenna parameters with background noise compensation
Authors: Rostokin I N , Fedoseeva E V , Rostokina E A , Shchukin G G
Published: September 2020

The work belongs to the field of solving problems related to the metrological support of microwave radiometric research of radiothermal radiation of the atmosphere. The article contains a comparative analysis of the most widely used reference sources of noise radiation used both for internal and external calibration of microwave radiometric equipment for atmosphere control. In the given work the research of a method of external calibration of the antenna system of multifrequency microwave radiometric system with compensation of background noise on radiothermal radiation of the Sun is executed, questions of its practical realization are solved and results of an estimation of directional properties of the antenna system of microwave radiometric system on radiothermal radiation of the Sun are received. The results of practical research of the directional properties of the antenna system of a stationary variant of the multi-frequency microwave radiometric system, consisting in measuring the experimental antenna radiation pattern of the multi-frequency two-mode antenna system on the main measuring channel on two linear polarization (vertical and horizontal) and additional measuring channel with a predominant reception of background radiation coming from the side lobes are presented.
Heterologous Expression and Enzymatic Properties of Exocellulase CelA
Authors: Sui Ming , Rong Jiachao , Zhang Yang , Qu Peng , Zhu Yusong
Published: September 2020

The gene of glycosyl hydrolase CeIA is derived from Bacillus licheniformis and the GenBank accession number is AAU40776.1. The sequence analysis of this gene was carried out by online software, and the celA gene was cloned from the genome of the strain by homologous amplification. The gene was ligated into the pMAL-c2x vector, transformed into E. coli Transetta for heterologous expression, and the catalytic properties of the recombinant enzyme CeIA were studied.
Study on the preparation technology of Sanqi hemostatic spongia for percutaneous absorption
Authors: Liu Shijun , Li Lin , Tang Zhishu , Zhang Yu , Sun Jing , Song Zhongxing , Xu Hongbo , Cui Chunli , Liu Hongbo
Published: September 2020

Objective: To optimize the preparation technology and matrix ratio of Sanqi hemostatic spongia. Methods: The effects of Twain 80, formaldehyde and twelve sodium alkyl sulfate on the matrix formability of the spongia were investigated by the L9 (33) orthogonal test, and the optimum ratio of the matrix was optimized through the water absorption, the thickness uniformity, the softness and the color degree. The orthogonal test results showed that the matrix ratio was Twain 80 1.4g, formaldehyde 1.6 mL, sodium dodecyl sulfate 1.0 g, and Sanqi hemostatic spongia was superior when the proportion of other substrates was fixed. Conclusion: Sanqi hemostatic spongia was produced by orthogonal test and matrix ratio is stable, uniform in thickness and good in quality.
The Optimal Environment Selection Strategy of Risk Model With Perturbed Diffusion
Authors: Guo Shumei , Zhang Lili , Guo Jie , Li Xinna , Yang Jiandong
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the authors consider the optimal investment of the risk model with perturbed diffusion. Insurance companies invest the surplus in risky asset and risk-free asset. This paper discusses the problem of minimizing the ruin probability of insurance company. By solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations, the optimal investment portfolio and the upper bound of Lundberg of the minimal ruin probability are obtained. Especially,when the claim distribution is exponential distribution, asymptotic optimality and asymptotic uniqueness of strategy A* and R are obtained.
Performance comparison of initial and optimized designs of dual stator HEFSM for aerospace applications
Authors: Ali Hassan , Sulaiman Erwan , Jenal Mahyuzie , Ali Irfan
Published: September 2020

For aerospace propulsion system, electrical machines are capable to deliver high torque density and are dominant for the viability of direct-drive electrical propulsion for aircraft applications. Besides light “weight and high torque ability, the machines “should also be inherently fault tolerant for it to be used in aircraft applications. For these reasons, a new type of machine has been introduced in last decade know as flux switching machine (FSM). FSM contains all its flux excitation sources on stator side with robust piece of rotor which is free from permanent magnets (PMs) and coils. Since, these machines have shown high torque-to-weight ratios and high efficiency during research in the last decade. Regardless of this, the task of designing a machine appropriate for aerospace application goes beyond the electromagnetic design and into the area of mechanical design much deeper than traditional designs. Therefore, in this paper, a new structure of dual stator (DS) HEFSM with segmental rotor is proposed and analysed. Moreover, the initial structure of proposed design” is optimized using deterministic optimization method. Furthermore, the performance of initial and optimized designs are compared and investigated using 2D-FEA method.
Analytical Design Structure of New Segmental Stator Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Motor
Authors: Othman S.M.N.S. , Sulaiman Erwan , Jenal Mahyuzie
Published: September 2020

Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Machines (PMFSM)s are among the most widely investigated types of electric motor because of high flux density compared to switch reluctance motor (SRM). The aim of the present work is to design a three phase 12Slot-14Pole segmental stator (SegSta) PMFSM and to investigate the flux linkage of U, V, W phase. In this study, 12S- 14P SegSta PMFSM is investigated by using 2-D finite element analysis (FEA) software develop by JMAG designer ver 15.0. The geometry structure of the 12S-14P PMFSM design is 264 mm diameter and the permanent magnet total weight is approximately 2 kg. The results of the 2-D FEA simulation indicate that the open angle between each SegSta is 30 degree for uniformly flux distribution in each SegSta core. It is found that the amplitude difference for each U, V, W phase is approximately zero since at 30 degree the flux density is evenly distributed at stator core with concentrated winding. Overall, this paper contributes to the methodology for designing a segmental stator 12Slot-14Pole PMFSM..
Study of permanent magnet configuration in alternate circumferential and radial flux permanent magnet flux switching machines (AlCiRaF-PMFSM)
Authors: Jenal Mahyuzie , Othman S. M. N. S. , Sulaiman Erwan
Published: September 2020

Alternate circumferential and radial flux (AlCiRaF) is new design in PMSFM. AlCiRaF PMFSM offers high torque and power density. However, AlCiRaF PMFSM is a novel design that a good opportunity to be potential improved further. In this research, the nine design of permanent magnet configuration in AlCiRaF PMFSM is proposed to compare each performance possibilities. The configurations of permanent magnet are introduced to study the performance effect by changing the permanent magnet position which is PM-Bottom, PM-Middle and PM-Top for both circumferential and radial direction. Besides, the permanent magnet structure design will improve field winding area structure to provide space for future improvement. Weight of all the permanent magnets are estimated to be 0.5 kg altogether. Initially, design procedures of the all motor including parts drawing, material and condition setting, the properties setting are all explained. Then, coil arrangement test is conducted to perform 3 phase armature coil arrangement. Then, no load analysis is conducted to analyze cogging torque, flux linkage, flux distribution and back-EMF of motor followed by load analysis which analyze the torque speed characteristics and output power of the motor with different permanent magnet configuration. No load analysis and load analysis are conducted using finite element analysis of JMAG Designer 16.0. Finally, it is found that there is no significant difference that resulted and the best permanent magnet configuration compared to the Existing AlCiRaF PMFSM permanent magnet design is TRBC PM and MRBC PM due to the capability to produce high output torque and power based on the analysis conducted.
Visible light responsive BiPO4/g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalysis of 2-4 dichlorophenol under solar irradiation
Authors: Jang Ng Jit , Hon Leong Kah , Ching Sim Lan , Heng Chin Yik , Pichiah Saravanan
Published: September 2020

In this study, bismuth phosphate (BiPO4) incorporated with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was successfully constructed by a facile thermal deposition. The morphology, optical property and crystal structure were systematically studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-DRS). The morphology confirmed that the BiPO4 is successfully deposited on the surface of g-C3N4. With the deposition of g-C3N4 had enhanced the light absorbance, especially in the visible light region with 2.5% dopant dosage giving the highest absorbance. This significantly improved the photocatalysis of 2,4 dichlorophenol (2-4DCP) under solar irradiation attributed by 2.5% BiPO4/g-C3N4 with achieved a complete removal in 90 min. This study could inspire new ideas and alternative solution for photodegradation of other organic pollutants under solar irradiation.
Enhanced Biomass Properties In Sludge Bulking: Impact of Static Magnetic Field
Authors: Syamimi Zaidi Nur , Sohaili Johan , Hussein Norelyza , Burhanuddin Bahrodin Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Occurrence of sludge bulking with regard to prolong sludge age declines the removal performances attributable to the failure of aggregation by the floc-formers and insufficient adhesion among cells’ surfaces. Approach of sufficiently minimizing the sludge age had been taken most of the times. This approach, however, eliminated the floc-formers although it was found to inhibit the bulking. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to investigate the potential of magnetic field application as an alternative approach to control the sludge bulking. Two sequencing batch reactors, Reactor A (SBRA) and Reactor B (SBRB), were operated in long sludge age to induce the bulking. SBRA was subjected to 88.0 mT magnetic field intensity while SBRB served as a control system. The findings showed that the magnetic field was able to enhance the biomass properties including the aggregation ability, relative hydrophobicity and maintain significant negative surface charge under an adverse effect of long sludge age thus led to more stable flocs been formed. This had resulted with consistent high removal of SBRA compared to SBRB. Consequently, this approach minimizes the occurrence of sludge bulking.
The Mechanical Properties of Brick Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Crumb Rubber as Sand Replacement
Authors: Khalid F S , Aminuddin M Y A , Shahidan S , Irwan J M , Wan Ibrahim M H
Published: September 2020

Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and crumb rubber are one of the recyclable building wastes. This would be the good candidate to replace the natural aggregate in concrete, since we know these material’s physical properties are strong and ductile. In concrete production, demand for sand has increased which has led to problems in the industry. As a result, the sand price rose, which in effect influenced the cement and sand brick prices. This research focuses on sand cement brick performance, containing recycled concrete aggregate and crumb rubber. This study aims to determine the mechanical properties of sand cement brick containing recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and crumb rubber (CR) wastes, such as compressive strength and water absorption. The brick specimens were prepared using 100 % natural sand, they were then replaced by RCA at 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% with proportions of CR consisting of 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% by weight of natural sand. Just RCA 60 percent with 6.0 percent CR achieves lower strength than normal bricks based on the compressive strength tests whereas others display a high strength. Nevertheless, as predicted, all design mix reaches strength greater than 7N/mm2. Besides that, 30 per cent of RCA with 3.0 per cent CR is the most desirable mix design that achieves high compressive power.
Full Factorial Design Exploration Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization on the (FDM) 3D Printed Part
Authors: Haidiezul A H M , Hazwan M H M , Soon Lee Woon , Gunalan  , Fatin Najihah Nur , Fadhli Izzul
Published: September 2020

In the manufacturing industry, especially in automotive, quality, precision and productivity on the part that produces is crucial. 3D Printing technology offers a significant advantage to the manufacturer because its ability to produce complex geometry and low-cost investment risk compared with injection moulding. However, there are several issues of using this technology in mass scale and of the issue is dimensional accuracy. In this study, the application of optimisation approach which is Full Factorial Design (FFD) approach which has employed on 3D Printed bottom housing part made from Polylactic Acid (PLA) which were printed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printer in order to minimise shrinkage on 3D printed parts. Based on the optimisation work, the results showed the performance of FFD approach provides a good dimensional accuracy compared to the drawing specification for the printed part. Therefore, this research provides beneficial scientific knowledge and alternative solution for the additive manufacturing process in industries application to enhance the quality of the 3D printed parts produced using FDM 3D printer machine.
Surface treatment of recycled carbon fibre for interfacial enhancement in reinforced polypropylene product
Authors: Salleh A , Shuaib N A , Omar N W Y , Azmi A I
Published: September 2020

Recycled carbon fibre (rCF) is used in various applications as measures to reduce the carbon fibre waste in landfill. This study focuses on using rCF in powder form in injection moulded polypropylene (PP) products. The rCF was treated with 0.5 mol/L and 1.0 mol/L nitric acid. The tensile and flexural properties were evaluated and morphological surface of the samples was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As the result, higher concentration of nitric acid increased the tensile strength but leads to lower flexural strength. Apart from that, the environmental assessment using OpenLCA software shows that the addition of RCF filler loading leads to reduction of climate change and acidification potential.
Analysis of Effect of Wire Mesh Layer in Hot Asphalt Mixtures on the Rutting Value
Authors: Ismy Romaynoor , Husaini  , Saleh Sofyan M. , Isya M.
Published: September 2020

Rutting is a permanent deformation that occurs in a hot asphalt mixture of flexible pavement caused by cyclic loading at extreme temperatures in heavy traffic conditions. This study aimed to analyse the value of rutting on hot asphalt mixtures using wire mesh layers. The research employed an experimental method to test the hot asphalt mixtures with four types of wire mesh layer placement modelling using a Wheel Tracking Machine (WTM). The findings from the study revealed that the best dynamic stability according to the specifications ≥ 2,500 passes/mm was obtained in the asphalt mixture, laying a 20 mm wire mesh layer from the surface of the test object at 3,145.45 passes/mm with a deformation speed of 0.013 mm/minute which was smaller, around 52.6% of the speed of deformation of the asphalt mixture without using a wire mesh layer of 0.028 mm/minute. The amount of dynamic stability for the other three modelling types was below the specifications. Therefore, it was concluded that the hot asphalt mixture by laying a 20 mm wire mesh layer from the surface of the test specimen could overcome the rutting problem in hot asphalt mixture.
IOT System: Water Level Monitoring for Flood Management
Authors: Hassan H , Mazlan M I Q , Ibrahim T N T , Kambas M F
Published: September 2020

The present of natural disaster such as flood cause loss of life, property, devastation of livestock and agriculture. Flood is known as yearly disaster in Malaysia because of the monsoonal rainfall. Therefore, a system that provide an informative flood notification system that give early warning need to be develop to reduce the losses and early notification to the community in the affected area. The notification system will involve GSM network due to the coverage of GSM network is widespread and mostly available in any places in Malaysia. The notification messages will be sent to user in that area, such as head of village, police station and nearest safety agencies. System architecture designed using Arduino UNO acts as microcontroller of system that will perform various actions such as to observe height of water, temperature and humidity and send SMS through GSM shield. In order to validate the accuracy of proposed system, experiment was conducted using small scale prototype to simulate the real flood conditions. The system will provide real time and reliable measurement of water height and send SMS notification.
Analysis on the effect of socio-economic and travel attributes to perceptions of the Trans Koetaradja quality of services
Authors: Safitri E , Sugiarto S , Anggraini R , Achmad A , Fahlevi H
Published: September 2020

The urban bus reform namely Trans Koetardja (TK) has been argued and implemented by the Government Aceh as measure to mitigate autos dependency in this region. One basic element of the bus system is that how to attract private vehicle users to switch to TK by providing good bus quality of services. Thus, understanding what factors may contribute to the perceived quality of services is a crucial and need to investigate thoroughly especially in developing cities. Therefore, this paper aims to explore and clarify the relationships among socio-economic attributes and travel behavioural characteristics of the respondents to bus reform quality of services by contemplating latent constructs from bus system operation side. Revealed preference survey was conducted in the mid of 2019. On board survey with a total of 450 samples were distributed and valid used in this study. The multivariate analysis of structural equation modelling so-called exploratory factor analysis (EFA) approach employed to reveal contributing effect of causal loading among socio-economic attributes and travel behavioural characteristics of the respondents to bus reform quality of services. The path coefficient is used to examine causal relationships among latent variables and its contributing factors. The results of the analysis explore that the significant correlation between the observed variables of bus system and the latent variables happened to the variables of time of arrival and bus to the comfort of the bus stop and bus.
The Analysis of EEG Distribution for Human Brainwave due to Mobile Phone Usage
Authors: Fuad N. , Rahim A.A. , Marwan M.E. , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed
Published: September 2020

Brain is the most amazing thing that god create, without brain humans are just like living zombies. Brain generate electrical impulse that create brainwave. Therefore, from the brainwave there are four type of spectrum which are Delta, Theta, Alpha and Beta. Each spectrum has their own special meaning. For instance, there will be slight change in the brainwave pattern if that person answers a phone call. With the references of previous research, there is radiation in mobile phone that can cause headache. This headache can occur during the phone call. Thus, an experiment based on the different type of phone is conducted. In this research project, the different pattern of brainwave between answering phone call through GSM phone and smartphone are needed. This is to find out which phone give more radiation to the user. This experiment will take placed at one of the laboratories in the Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Other than that, 20 subjects are needed for this experiment. The first step of this experiment is to collect data using EMOTIV Insight equipment. Next, the data is process in the SPSS and then, it will transfer to Microsoft Excel for better understanding of the result. In addition, the result obtain from this research project is that GSM phone cause more effect to the subject rather than smartphone. This is why nowadays, most of the people use smartphone compared to GSM phone. This because smartphone is user friendly and have less radiation.
Smart Accident Notification and Tracker (SANAT)
Authors: Mohd Saufi Norsuriati , Ahmad Nabihah , Mohd Sobri Norehan , Nabilla Risal Noreen , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed
Published: September 2020

Road accident is a major concern in automobile powered world and road safety. Most of the accidents are not attended or treated quickly due to the lack of best emergency facilities and late information of the accident to rescue team especially in rural area. This paper aims to design Smart Accident Notification and Tracker (SANAT) by using Arduino Uno as a microcontroller with Global Positioning System (GPS) via Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) technology. This system detects an accident immediately after an impact sense by shock sensor and notified the emergency contact list as well as the rescue team with the precise location of the accident covering geographical coordinates in which a vehicle accident had occurred obtain from the GPS module after the shock sensor receive an impact from the accident. Signal from the sensor would be send to microcontroller and compares with the threshold set value and immediately sends an alert message using GSM modem to the first aid centre as a receiver. The receiver would receive the location in a link that could directly view the location and start navigate through Google Maps. This system would provide an optimum alert that could help reducing the loss of life due to vehicle accident.
Development and Analysis the Performance of E-Wakaf Solar System FKEE Monitoring using IoT Approach
Authors: Hafiz Rahim Mohd , Amely Jumaat Siti , Ismail M N , Md Som Mohamad , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed
Published: September 2020

Today, renewable energy systems are becoming the best way to generate electricity. Solar energy is one of the most attractive sources of renewable energy used for electrification. Harnessing solar energy needs a photovoltaic (PV) system that converts light energy from sunlight to direct electricity. Therefore, to evaluate its performance, real-time monitoring system is needed. This study briefs about using the Internet of Things (IoT) to performance monitoring and manage PV systems in real time. Thus, the project discusses the development of E-Wakaf Solar System Monitoring Using IoT developers using Arduino Uno as main controller of the system. For develop of project, voltage sensor, current sensor and waterproof temperature sensor to monitor the performance of Solar panel system. Next, a NodeMCU ESP8266 device is used as an intermediary between device and ThingSpeak platform. The ThingSpeak platform is a website that functions to store data and this system is called as the Internet of the (IOT). The functionality of this system has been tested and compared with reading data manually and through ThingSpeak platform. Therefore, the data more accurate is reading through ThingSpeak platform in which the probability of human error when reading data manually is higher. Using IoT increases knowledge of the operating parameters in real time. This allows to gain control over PV systems installed in remote areas, easily and rapidly to analyze fault diagnosis, maintenance, generation recording and quality data.
Optimal method of optimizing risk of portfolio
Authors: Jayeola Dare , Sufahani Suliadi , Akinmoji Opeyemi , Helmy Abd Wahab Mohd , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed , Mamat Mustafa
Published: September 2020

Diversification is a strategic method that investors use to optimize risk of portfolio. It is an opportunity by which investors move from micro-firm into macro-firm. The investors’ aim is to make an optimal choice that leads to minimization of risk and maximization of return, but the methods that lead to these objectives are not easily achieved. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to minimize risk of portfolio. Firstly, this paper investigates the risk reduction strength of each asset and secondly, it explores the impact of each asset in minimizing risk of portfolio. The assets allocations divulge by Black Litterman model are used to estimate risk of both portfolios and assets. We explore DataStream (Yahoo finance) of Gold, Oil and Natural gas which spans from January, 2010 to September, 2016. It is observed that investing on Gold minimizes higher risk and achieve more benefits than other assets in the portfolio. In view of these facts, it means diversifying in gold acts as hedge/safe haven for investors during economic crisis.
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI ON BREAST CANCER CELL COMBINED WITH LOW VOLTAGE PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors: Adilah Abd Rahman Nur , Mahadi Abdul Jamil Muhammad , Nazib Adon Mohamad , Alabqari Ma’ radzi Ahmad , Tufail Ahmad Fauziah
Published: September 2020

Plant extract has found to be an effective and useful chemo preventive agents in various type of cancer. Plants extracts part, that most includes fruits, vegetable and spies. This extract can be used to prevent inflammation, wounds and infection. And recently, bioactive regent has shown to display anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. For this study, the chosen plant extract was Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. It has known to be an effective treatment for allergies, treating cancer and cholesterol. While pulsed electric field has known to be an effective way to influence an opening pore on the cell membrane. It also had been used as one of the cancer treatment method in clinical practice nowadays. But, if these two methods combined, it might enhance more reduction in time taken for the cancer treatment process and less harmful/after side effect to the cancer patients. The most used range of pulse electric field are 1 – 1000 V/cm. the concentration will be known by finding the IC50 of stevia on breast cancer cell. The effectiveness of these method will be known by monitoring the cell proliferation, viability and antiproliferation of cancer cell. These methods might be an effective way to treat cancer without harming or left any after side effect to the cancer patients.
Breakdown Analysis of Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Robust Correlation Methods
Authors: Zinzendoff Okwonu Friday , Laro Asaju Bolaji , Irimisose Arunaye Festus
Published: September 2020

This paper discussed plug in robust procedure to robustify the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC). The mean of PPMCC is highly susceptible to influential observations hence the PPMCC is not robust against data set that contains substantial amount of influential observations. This study focused on robust plug in techniques with high breakdown points. The performance of these techniques are compared using real and simulated data set. The comparative analysis indicates different degrees of robustness and breakdown based on the percentage of contamination and data modification.
Simulated Triple Circular Split-Ring Resonator Metamaterial Unit Cell for THz application
Authors: Marzuki M K , Aminudin Jamlos Mohd , Azani Mustafa Wan , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed
Published: September 2020

Metamaterial used widely nowadays to overcome the limitation of the natural material in manipulating the electromagnetic wave and radiation. Split-Ring Resonator (SRR) have been used widely as a design to manipulate the electromagnetic waves but none of them used for higher frequency such as light frequency. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to design SRR unit cell that is capable to bend the light wave. The negative value of material properties obtained from the simulation of the metamaterial at three different part which are at phase=0, real value and imaginary value. CST Microwave Studio 2018 used as a simulation software. The results show all the negative value of material properties obtained at different frequency range. However, the negative value of material properties at phase=0 and imaginary part is obtained at same frequency range. While for real part, the negative value for all material properties occurred at different frequency range. This SRR design is suitable to manipulate the lights radiation waves.
Improving the Gain Performance of 2 × 2 U-Slot Air Substrate Patch Antenna Array Operated at 28 GHz Wideband Resonance for 5G Application
Authors: Mohammed A SB , Kamal S. , Bin Ain M F , Ahmad Z A , Zahar Z. , Hussin R.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a 28-GHz dual 2 × 2 U-slot air substrate patch antenna array for 5G application is proposed. The idea of the U-slot antenna was applied in the patch antenna design which intended to decrease the antenna size. The structure of the U-slot patch antenna comprises a patch, two slots of U-shape, a ground plane, and coaxial feed lines. The proposed configuration of 2 x 2 U-slot array shows a high gain. With an extra U-slot, the proposed antenna yielded a bandwidth of about 3.93 GHz, the maximum gain of 14.5 dBi in the yz-plane, and performance efficiency of 85.82 %
Optimal DC machines performance based on intelligent controller
Authors: Al-Mashhadany Yousif I , Abdulhafedh Ahmed Yasir
Published: September 2020

The disorganized neural controller links the calculation of the delicate rationale to the architecture of a five-layer pseudo-nervous system. The classical PID controller was replaced by an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS), that will be adjusts the thin induction framework with the calculation of learning in half and a half; this makes the thin framework for learning. A fuzzy nervous-based vector display controls a frame under control. This paper displays an optimal performance with speed controller based on the drive of a power system. The proposed Neural Fuzzy Control Unit combines of a thin Boolean arithmetic calculation and five layers mock neural network system (ANN) structure, which fine-tunes the delicate deduction framework with a half and a half learning arithmetic. This makes a thin framework for learning. The proposed drive recruiting engine exhibition controlled by neurotransmitters is examined in different working conditions. The consequences of the proposed console contrast with those obtained by a regular PI controller and Fuzzy Logic controller. The study of reproduction shows the drive’s strength and reliability for superior driving applications. Structural reconstruction is accomplished through applying of Matlab Verson 2019b. DC machine is a contextual search. Palatable results were obtained; this demonstrates the capability of the ANFIS console in control using a high non-linear dynamic frame and great results can be obtain by tuning the intelligent controller.
Ankle joint rotator prototype designed for creating different angles of rotation at the ankle joint in performing various daily activities
Authors: Li T P , Bhuiyan M S H
Published: September 2020

The prosthetic ankle joint in lower limb prosthesis replaces the missing ankle of the amputee. The prosthesis users want the prosthesis to enable them creating the desired angle of rotation at the ankle joint like that of a healthy biological ankle. The ankle joint prostheses currently available in the market are unable to produce sagittal plane rotations for squatting and kneeling postures. Absence of a proper ankle joint rotator and lack of their universal adaptability have limited the utility and the performance of the prosthetic ankle joint. An ankle joint rotator capable of enabling its users to squat and kneel with ease has been designed. A model of the knee joint rotator has been developed, and simulation has been carried to out to verify the functionality of the design before fabrication. The new ankle joint rotator was found capable of withstanding an external force of 3000N with a minimum safety factor of 5.18. The newly developed ankle joint rotator is able to facilitate the squatting and kneeling postures safely by enabling the prosthetic ankle joint to rotate in different angles.
Characterization of Environmental Noise Pollution Based on Noise Measurement and Mapping at USM Engineering Campus
Authors: Khasawneh O F S , Halim H , Abdullah S N , Razali S A , Algburi H R F , Salleh A H
Published: September 2020

This paper describes an analysis of visualizing noise impact on the environment by producing the noise mapping, determining the noise sources and characterization of sound levels measurements at USM Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang. Measurements were taken at a total of 30 points with the duration of 3 minutes during working hours using the sound level meter. The ArcMap 10.3.1 software and Google Maps were used to create the noise mapping based on the coordinates and each sampling point. The results revealed that 23 points exceeded the maximum permissible limit, 55 dB(A). The maximum measured sound level was obtained at point 4 (68.3 dB(A)), while the lowest sound level was 43.8 dB(A) at point 26. Characterization of sound levels by measuring the noise levels and performing noise mapping is substantial to analyse and determine the level of noise pollution in institutional and educational areas. In addition, such practices would help in understanding the activities that contribute to the increase in sound level.
Influence of grain size distribution towards improvements of turbidity, colour and suspended particles in a riverbank filtration process - a column study
Authors: Murshed M F , Kamaruzaman A , Ab Aziz N A , Mokhtar Kamal N H
Published: September 2020

Riverbank filtration (RBF) system is an efficient and natural treatment technology which, consists of high capacity pumping wells, located adjacent to river. It takes advantage of natural attenuation processes that occur as surface water infiltrate through the riverbed to produce potable water. This research determined the influence of media size distribution, and its hydraulic conductivity and porosity as filter media, of sand and gravel. The efficiency of column model for riverbank filtration system to remove turbidity, colour and suspended solids was also determined. The best condition of column model to remove contaminants with different flowrates and different types filter media used was identified through this research. The column study was conducted with three different types of filter media; C1 (sand), C2 (gravel) and C3 (sand + gravel) and with three different flowrates; 20 mL/min, 25 mL/min and 40 mL/min. Based on the results, C3 (sand + gravel) shows the highest percentage removal for turbidity, colour and suspended solids, which were 28.5%, 59.1%, 71.4% and 29.4%, respectively, although at difference flowrates. The highest percentage of removal of suspended solids (71.4%) occurs at 25 mL/min. The highest percentage of removal of colour (59.1%) occurs at 40 mL/min. Longer contact time might improve the removal of these contaminants.
On the role of substrate temperature into bonding mechanism of cold sprayed Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Irinah O Noor , Yamada M , Yasui T , Fukumoto M
Published: September 2020

Metal oxide, Titanium dioxide, TiO2 draw a huge attention due to its wide range of applications, chemical stability and low cost. TiO2 coatings have potential applications in biomedical implants or as photo-catalytic functional systems. Cold spraying is a process where small particles ranging from 1 to 50µm are stimulated by a stream of supersonic gas at a temperature below material melting point and leading to the coating formed in solid state particles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influenced of once heated substrate properties on bonding mechanism of cold sprayed Titanium dioxide, TiO2. In this study, tensile adhesion strength, substrate hardness, oxide thickness, oxide composition and interfacial microstructure were evaluated for the coatings. The results of this study indicated that coating adhesion strength reveal a decreased trend from 1.35MPa to 0.49MPa when once heated substrate temperature is increased. Influenced of oxide thickness also will be discussed here as factor that contributed to bonding mechanism between TiO2 and copper substrate.
Assessment of Seismic Scenario-Structure Based Limit State Criteria for a Reinforced Concrete High-Rise Building
Authors: Che Kamaludin Puteri Nihal , Kassem Moustafa Moufid , Farsangi Ehsan Noroozinejad , Tan Chee Ghuan , Nazri Fadzli Mohamed
Published: September 2020

Issues regarding reinforced concrete (RC) high-rise buildings involve different seismic scenarios, such as near- and far-field earthquakes, which can result in different levels and complex seismic scenario structures related to global damage. This study aims to evaluate the seismic scenario structures of a 23-storey RC high-rise building based on different damage measures and to develop a fragility curve with different limit state criteria. Six ground motions are selected to represent two seismic scenarios. Seismic scenario-based global response of the building at increasing earthquake intensity measures is adopted using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). IDA curves and interstorey drift are used in the parametric study. The structural performance and damage measure of RC high-rise buildings are evaluated with performance-based seismic design limit state. The four performance levels proposed by ATC-43 are operational performance, immediate occupancy, life safety and collapse prevention. The IDA curves showed that near-field effect has a high frequency that gives impact at early intensity measures on building collapse compared with far-field effect. Meanwhile, interstorey drift result indicates that the near-field effect has a larger effect on building damages compared with the far-field effect. Based on the fragility curves, near-field earthquakes have a larger effect towards structural damages than far-field earthquakes.