bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution to a boundary value problem for one nonlinear functional differential equation of fractional order
Authors: Abduragimov Gusen E.
Published: July 2022

In this article, we consider a two-point boundary value problem for a nonlinear functional differential equation of fractional order with weak nonlinearity on the interval [0,1] with zero Dirichlet conditions on the boundary. The boundary value problem is reduced to an equivalent integral equation in the space of continuous functions. Using special topological tools (using the geometric properties of cones in the space of continuous functions, statements about fixed points of monotone and concave operators), the existence of a unique positive solution to the problem under consideration is proved. An example is given that illustrates the fulfillment of sufficient conditions that ensure the unique solvability of the problem. The results obtained are a continuation of the author’s research (see [Results of science and technology. Ser. Modern mat. and her appl. Subject. review, 2021, vol. 194, pp. 3–7]) devoted to the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions of boundary value problems for non-linear functional differential equations.
Embedding of a homothete in a convex compactum: an algorithm and its convergence
Authors: Balashov Maxim V.
Published: July 2022

The problem of covering of a given convex compact set by a homothetic image of another convex compact set with a given homothety center is considered, the coefficient of homothety is calculated. The problem has an old history and is closely related to questions about the Chebyshev center, problems about translates, and other problems of computational geometry. Polyhedral approximation methods and other approximation methods do not work in a space of already moderate dimension (more than 5 on a PC).
We propose an approach based on the application of the gradient projection method, which is much less sensitive to dimension than the approximation methods. We select classes of sets for which we can prove the linear convergence rate of the gradient method, i. e. convergence with the rate of a geometric progression with a positive ratio strictly less than 1. These sets must be strongly convex and have, in a certain sense, smoothness of the boundary.
Testemunho e trauma no julgamento de Larry Nassar
Authors: Russi Giovana Oliveira de , Bocchi Aline Fernandes de Azevedo
Published: July 2022

Apresenta-se, neste artigo, uma análise de recortes de dois documentários sobre a rede de abusos da seleção estadunidense de ginástica artística, escancarada depois de uma série de denúncias feitas contra o médico da seleção, Larry Nassar. Objetiva-se compreender o funcionamento do testemunho, por meio de uma abordagem discursiva, articulado à instância do trauma, voltando a atenção para o julgamento do médico que, apesar de não ter sido julgado com júri, foi obrigado pela juíza do caso, Rosemarie Aquilina, a ouvir os testemunhos de todas as acusantes que decidissem se pronunciar, o que produziu um cenário de dizer político de denúncia das agressões e abusos sofridos e silenciados no decorrer dos anos. Nos documentários examinados, os testemunhos inscritos nas brechas e falhas do jurídico se revestem de uma força política, constituindo um acontecimento que atualiza sentidos dominantes em uma sociedade patriarcal.
Publicidade contra a violência no namoro
Authors: Ferreira Christina Barbosa Guimarães , Orlandi Eni Puccinelli
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo dar visibilidade a uma das propostas de atividade recortada do Caderno de Atividades Discursivas, produto final da dissertação intitulada “Violência no Namoro: um olhar discursivo sobre as práticas de leitura e escrita na escola”, desenvolvida no Mestrado Profissional em Letras (PROFLETRAS), da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (Cáceres-MT). Procuramos, nessa atividade, propor uma forma de trabalhar a leitura e a escrita dos alunos do 9ª ano do ensino fundamental, tendo como base os alunos da Escola Estadual Irene Gomes de Campos, em Várzea Grande-MT, tomando como corpus materiais de campanhas publicitárias sobre violência no namoro, analisando-os na perspectiva da análise de discurso.
O discurso do estado na subjetivação de sujeitos em situação de rua
Authors: Franco Wagner Ernesto Jonas
Published: July 2022

A partir da Análise de Discurso, este trabalho objetiva compreender as discursividades que sustentam o texto da campanha “Não dê esmola, mostre o caminho”, que faz parte de uma política pública da cidade de Pouso Alegre-MG. Discursivamente, compreendemos que uma política pública é produtora de consensos e funciona pelo apagamento de sentidos outros. Duas discursividades sustentam o enunciado da campanha: a capitalista e a religiosa cristã. Discursividades que visam constituir os sujeitos em trabalhadores e contribuintes úteis à sociedade. Concluímos que as políticas públicas precisam conversar com aqueles que elas visam atender.
A crônica jornalística brasileira em João do Rio
Authors: Moraes Carla Roselma Athayde
Published: July 2022

A proposta deste trabalho é traçar elementos caracterizadores da crônica jornalística brasileira com a profissionalização da imprensa no Brasil, fins do século XIX, início do século XX, em um dos nossos primeiros escritores, João do Rio. Foi com a maestria desse autor, entre outros, que a crônica se consolidou em nossos jornais, mais tarde também nas Antologias, com editores que as compilavam e publicavam em livros. Para evidenciar esses elementos caracterizadores das crônicas, buscaremos os textos de João do Rio, expondo alguns fragmentos com comentários/análises breves. A crônica como um gênero benquisto, muito lido no Brasil, requer sempre o estudo de seus traços configuracionais; revelar as facetas desse gênero constitui uma importante tarefa para os estudiosos do discurso e seus gêneros.
Between the Sustainable Development Narrative and the Environmental Crisis
Authors: Gunansyah Ganes
Published: July 2022

This study aims to find out what narratives of sustainable development are dominant and what is limited to the presentation of the contents of elementary school textbooks in Indonesia. This study uses quantitative and descriptive content analysis with an instrument in an analysis sheet based on theory. The data sources are 51 elementary thematic textbooks from grades one to six. The study results show that the concept of sustainable development (SDGs) consists of 17 goals and education for sustainable development (ESD). These aspects include social, environmental, economic Sustainability, inclusive development, generally widely spread across all grade levels with varying portions in each grade. The distribution of material related to Social Sustainability (SS) and Environmental Sustainability (EnS) aspects is presented in a small and limited percentage. Meanwhile, materials about aspects of Economic Sustainability (ES) and Sustainability of Inclusive Development (SID) have the most significant portion. Materials on economic growth and activities and the use of natural resources as the mainstay of sustainable development are still dominant, while the roots of the environmental crisis and prevention of ecological damage are still missing.

 

Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals, Education for Sustainable Development, Textbooks, Environmental Crisis
Editor’s intro
Authors: Chernykh S. I.
Published: July 2022

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On the issue of prevention of digital addiction of students of secondary professional educational organizations
Authors: Aibazova M. Yu. , Karasova A. A. , Alimsakaeva R. K.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The article examines the problems associated with the digitalization of the education system of secondary vocational education and the impact of this process on students of secondary specialized educational organizations. The paper points out that along with the obvious benefits associated with the need to train personnel for the digital economy by means of using Information and Communications technologies, the digitalization of the education system of the vocational education system has certain risks and costs.

Purpose setting. The solution to the problem of digital addiction is based on the development and implementation of a set of measures aimed at its prevention.

Methodology of the study. Theoretical methods, comparative analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the problem of studying digital addiction and prevention methods were used; diagnostic methods, methods of result processing.

Results. The negative impact of total digitalization on students of secondary vocational education is considered, the emphasis is placed on the fact that along with the advantages, digital educational technologies have a negative impact on personality formation under the condition of uncontrolled use. First of all, this is due to the unpreparedness of the education system to neutralize the level the negative impact of this phenomenon on the personality of students in colleges, schools and other secondary specialized educational institutions. The article points to the need to form a new digital culture in the digital educational environment, the so-called «cyberculture» based on the prevention of digital addiction and compliance with the rules of digital hygiene. The analysis of the impact of the digital educational environment of educational institutions on students determined the need to study the phenomenon of digital hygiene as a factor in preventing the digital dependence of the subjects of the educational process. The literature devoted to the negative impact of the digitalization of the educational process on the mental, physical and intellectual development of students is analyzed.

Conclusion. The article reveals the problem of safe behavior in the digital educational space, the issues of leveling the negative processes caused by the digitalization of education through the implementation of a set of measures to prevent digital addiction. The authors have developed and proposed a set of pedagogical conditions for the prevention of digital addiction of students of secondary vocational education.
Digital learning environment as a tool for personalization of distance education programs
Authors: Shamsutdinova T. M.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The relevance of the article is due to the realities of the digital transformation of educational process and the increasing requirements for the quality of digital education in the context of distance learning. The article discusses the problems associated with the specifics of distance education. At the same time, it is noted that this type of education has a high practical orientation, but is characterized by the predominance of self-study in the development of educational material.

Purpose setting. The purpose of this article is to consider various aspects of designing an electronic educational environment, taking into account the possibility of personalizing the educational trajectory in the context of distance learning.

Methodology of the study. This study includes a review of bibliographic sources on the personalization of the educational trajectory by means of an digital learning environment in the context of distance learning. It also includes building a model of the structure of an e-course taking into account the student’s model and a description of an example of implementing an e-course in the LMS Moodle of the Bashkir State Agrarian University.

Results. The results of the work include a description and analysis of the problems associated with the organization of distance learning, as well as the results of modeling and testing an electronic course focused on a flexible educational trajectory within the framework of personalization of training.

Conclusion. The final part of the work also discusses possible ways to improve the organization of training for part-time students. At the same time, it is concluded that distance learning students are more interested in using flexible individual educational trajectories that take into account their time resources and capabilities. Further direction of studying the problem of personalization of distance learning programs is associated with the study of new technologies for the design of digital educational resources and their practical testing.
Before the Big Bang: the Apollonian Universe
Authors: Gaztanaga Enrique
Published: July 2022

We propose that the Big Bang does not have a singular start, but that it originates from gravitational collapse of a low density cloud that collapsed 25 Gyrs ago to form a Black Hole (BH) of mass M ≃ 6 × 1022M⊙. The collapse continued inside the BH for 11Gyrs until the density achieves neutron degeneracy and the collapse bounces into expansion like a core collapse supernova. From observations today, this model is very similar to the standard Big Bang cosmology but there is no need for Inflation or Dark Energy (DE). The observed cosmological constant Λ is not a new form of DE, but results from the dynamics of the Big Bang expansion inside the BH event horizon rS = 2GM = √3/Λ. Why our Universe has such a large mass M (or small Λ value)? If τO(≃ 10Gyr) is the astronomical timescale needed for observers like us to exist, we find a simple anthropic prediction, based only on gravitational collapse from Gaussian fluctuations, that the maximum probability for M is MO < M < 3MO where MO = τO/3G. This agrees well with the measured values for τO and M in our Universe.
Co-Creating a Framework to Integrate Sustainable Design into Product Development Practice: Case Study at an Engineering Consultancy Firm
Authors: Chatty Tejaswini , Harrison Will , Ba-Sabaa Hana H. , Faludi Jeremy , Murnane Elizabeth L.
Published: July 2022

There is a growing recognition of the need to incorporate sustainability considerations early-on in the product development (PD) process (PDP). As part of a case study at an engineering consultancy firm, this paper identifies considerations that influence the integration of sustainable design practices into real-world PD practices. This is informed by the first author getting embedded in the firm as an intern, and closely observing the PD workflow across various projects, conducting interviews and group discussions with a wide range of practitioners, and iteratively designing and testing various potential interventions. From literature and observation, we find that designers and engineers often struggle to identify and apply the right sustainable design methods and tools (SDMTs) to tackle the environmental impacts associated with their products. Through a human-centered design process, we co-created a reusable, modular framework of practices that aids the selection of relevant strategies, based on the environmental hotspots, stage of the PD process, and the client’s sustainability priorities. The paper further presents insights related to the framework’s real-world application and impacts in the firm, based on results of longitudinal engagement with the firm.
The Sinorhizobium Meliloti Nsps-Mbaa System affects Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharide Production and Motility in Response to Specific Polyamines
Authors: Chávez-Jacobo Víctor M. , Becerra-Rivera Víctor A. , Guerrero Gabriela , Dunn Michael F.
Published: July 2022

Biofilm formation is important in the free-living and symbiotic lifestyles of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Here we show that the S. meliloti NspS-MbaA system is homologous to the c-di-GMP modulating NspS-MbaA system described in Vibrio cholerae and modulates biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and motility in S. meliloti in response to exogenous polyamines. Biofilm and EPS production in quorum sensing-deficient wild type strain 1021 decreased in cultures containing putrescine, 1,3-diaminopropane or spermine, but were unaffected in a 1021 nspS mutant (1021 nspS). Decreases in biofilm formation caused by these polyamines paralleled decreases in EPS production and increases in nspS transcription. Cell aggregation did not differ markedly between strain 1021 and 1021 nspS. The S. meliloti quorum sensing-proficient Rm8530 wild type strain and nspS mutant (Rm8530 nspS) produced similar levels of biofilm under control conditions and 3.2- and 2.2-fold more biofilm in cultures with norspermidine, but these changes did not correlate with EPS production. Rm8530 nspS aggregated up to several fold more than the wild type under most conditions. Changes caused by polyamines in swimming and swarming motility were not generally dependent on NspS-MbaA in either 1021 or Rm8530. We speculate that the S. meliloti NspS-MbaA system could modulate biofilm formation in response to environmental polyamines.
Development of a Method for Determination of brucella suis Biovars Using Multilocus Real-time PCR
Authors: Osina N. A. , Sitmbetov D. A. , Domanina I. V. , Lyashova O. Yu. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Kas’yan I. A. , Kas’yan Zh. A. , Bulgakova E. G.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to develop a methodological approach to determination of Brucella suis biovars through multilocus PCR with real-time registration of results.

Materials and methods. We used 16 strains of B. suis of various biovars, B. neotomae and B. canis – 2 strains of each. Determination of the taxonomic affiliation of Brucella strains was carried out according to the Bruce-ladder, Suis-ladder, BRU-DIF protocols. The selection of primers and probes was performed using the software on the website www.genscript.com and the GeneRanner 6.5.52 program. Fragment sequencing according to Sanger was performed on a 3500 XL genetic analyzer in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Nucleotide sequence homology was assessed using the BLAST algorithm and the GenBank NCBI database.

Results and discussion. An analysis of the structural organization of IncP and GI-3 genomic islands has been carried out in B. suis strains of various biovars. It has been established that in strains of B. suis II, IV biovars and B. canis, the terminal part of the BRA0368 gene, comprising 21 nucleotides (repeated in the BRA0367 gene) and the “TAA” stop codon, as well as almost the entire sequence of the BRA0367 gene were lost, owing to homologous recombination in the IncP genome island. A 21-nucleotide direct repeat and the “TGA” stop codon of the BRA0367 gene replaced the analogous region of the BRA0368 gene which resulted in the deletion the size of 185 bp. No differences have been noted in the structure of GI-3 in biovars. The evidence obtained made it possible to develop the approach (SuisDIF) for differentiating B. suis biovars, based on the amplification of genes located in the IncP and GI-3 genomic islands using real-time PCR. Its specificity was confirmed in the study of B. suis strains from the fund of the State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria of the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”. The conducted studies expand and supplement the data on the genetic heterogeneity of Brucella species and biovars. The proposed method for differentiating biovars of B. suis using multilocus PCR with real-time registration of results enhances the capacities for Brucella identification using molecular-genetic methods.
Distal Phalangeal Replacement Using a Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Prosthesis
Authors: Penello Daniel , Sussman Phillip , Braunlich Phillip , Rennick Andrew , Alexander Jacob S.
Published: July 2022

Case:

A 38-year-old man developed a nonunion of a comminuted distal phalanx fracture, which resulted in gross instability of the fingertip. To restore stability, a patient-specific 3D-printed distal phalangeal prosthesis was implanted, and the patient was able to return to his occupation with excellent 2-year outcomes.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the application of 3D printing technology in the development of a patient-specific solution and discusses 6 important considerations for the design and planning process: Patient, Priorities, Point of fixation, Procedure, Problems, and People.
Impulsividad y Consumo de alcohol y problemas asociados en adolescentes del Ecuador
Authors: Aponte-Zurita Gabriela , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo
Published: July 2022

Objetivo. Identificar la influencia de la impulsividad con la práctica del consumo de alcohol y problemas asociados en adolescentes del Ecuador, así como las diferencias por género. Metodología. La investigación presenta un enfoque cuantitativo, de carácter descriptivo, comparativo, correlacional, explicativo y de corte transversal por medio de las escalas de impulsividad de Plutchik y The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Participantes. 770 adolescentes (57.7% hombres, 42.3% Mujeres) entre 12 a 18 años (M=15 años; DT=1.71). Estudiantes de diversas instituciones educativas secundarias (74.3% privado, 24.9% pública y 0.8% Fiscomisional) de 3 provincias del Ecuador. Resultados. La impulsividad es moderada y el consumo de alcohol bajo entre los participantes. Existen diferencias por género. Estas variables se encuentran relacionadas moderadamente entre sí con r= .593; p< .05. Además, la impulsividad predice en un 53.1% los cambios en la varianza. Conclusión. La impulsividad es un indicador significativo para explicar la práctica del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes.
How Can We Bring About Meaningful Change for Women by Investing Differently in Small Enterprises?
Authors: Boodhna Anoushka , Mangin Anais , Beradze Tamara
Published: July 2022

Oxfam-supported enterprises have generated high impact and demonstrated strong business performance. Now, the shift to make women’s economic empowerment a more central focus and the opportunity to generate more meaningful impact has put us on track to transition towards a new enterprise investment model. In the future, more attention will be paid to the structural injustices that women face, to change enterprise practices and generate evidence to influence institutional change so that women can exercise their agency and claim their rights. Increasing the number of women in paid jobs can only be meaningful when unpaid care and domestic work and gender-based violence are recognized and action is taken to address them.
Terahertz bound states in the continuum supported by a composite grating structure with alternating element widths
Authors: Han Zhanghua , Sun Min
Published: July 2022

The deficiency of most current terahertz sources is still a hinder to the advancing of terahertz technology, posing a stringent requirement for the use of artificial structures to enhance the terahertz-matter interactions. With a well-defined enhancement, practical applications can be achieved even when the source power is weak. While metal-based terahertz metamaterials have been extensively investigated for this purpose, their performances are mainly limited by the poor confinement of terahertz waves on metal surfaces, exhibiting low resonance quality factors. In this work, we propose and investigate a simple yet novel scheme of enhancing wave-matter interactions in the terahertz region by exploiting the phenomenon of bound states (BICs) in the continuum. The quasi-BIC effect with ultra-high quality factors and huge local field enhancement is achieved by manipulating two guided mode resonances supported by a slab waveguide with a new type of composite grating composed of two ridge grating arrays with alternating ridge widths. The characteristics of the quasi-BIC effect supported by this kind of structures at the normal incidence, i.e. the symmetry-protected type of BICs, are comprehensively investigated with numerical simulations. The presented results of realizing quasi-BIC can be extended to other structures, providing a novel means of manipulating terahertz-matter interactions.
Symbiotic Wolbachia bacteria in coccinellid parasitoids: genetic diversity, horizontal transfer and recombination
Authors: Shaikevich Elena , Romanov Denis
Published: July 2022

Parasitoids, which constitute about 25% of all insects and attack arthropods of virtually all taxa, are considered the most suitable vectors for horizontal transmission of the symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia among insects. The parasitoids studied in this article develop in the larvae and pupae of ladybirds. For the first time, Wolbachia was found in parasitic wasp species of the genus Homalotylus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and from the subfamily Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). To characterize the Wolbachia strains, six bacterial housekeeping genes were examined and compared with previously published Wolbachia gene sequences. The same bacterial strains were found in all individuals of each species of parasitic wasps collected in different places and at different times, which indicates the absence of contamination and testifies to the heritability of the symbionts in the studied chalcids. No evidence was found that the parasitic wasps were infected with Wolbachia, identical to the symbionts of their ladybirds hosts. We found one Wolbachia strain, wHom-2, which is a product of bacterial recombination from unrelated insects, including ladybirds. The lack of correspondence between the molecular phylogenies of Wolbachia strains and mithochondrial DNA of their hosts indicate horizontal transfers of Wolbachia among parasitic wasps of the genus Homalotylus and from the subfamily Tetrastichinae.
Niche partitioning and individual specialisation in resources and space use of sympatric fur seals at their range margin
Authors: Salton Marcus , Raoult Vincent , Jonsen Ian D , Harcourt Robert
Published: July 2022

Ecological theory predicts niche partitioning between high level predators living in sympatry as a strategy to minimise the selective pressure of competition. Accordingly, male Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and New Zealand fur seals A. forsteri that live in sympatry should partition their broad niches (in habitat and trophic dimensions) in order to coexist. However, at the northern end of their distributions in Australia both are recolonising their historic range after a long absence due to over-exploitation, and their small population sizes suggest competition should be weak and allow overlap in niche space. We found some niche overlap, yet clear partitioning in diet trophic level (δ 15 N values from vibrissae), movement space (horizontal and vertical telemetry data) and circadian activity patterns (timing of dives) between males of each species, suggesting competition remained an active driver of niche partitioning among individuals in these small, peripheral populations. Consistent with individual specialisation theory, broad niches of populations were associated with high levels of individual specialisation for both species, despite putative low competition. Specialists in isotopic space were not necessarily specialists in movement space, further emphasising their diverse individual strategies for niche partitioning. Males of each species displayed distinct foraging modes, with Australian fur seals primarily benthic and New Zealand fur seals primarily epipelagic, though unexpectedly high individual specialisation for New Zealand fur seals might suggest marginal populations provide exceptions to the pattern generally observed among other fur seals.
Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia during Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sarpietro Giuseppe , GRIMALDI Raffaela , BRESCIA Roberta , MATARAZZO Maria Grazia , CIANCI Antonio
Published: July 2022

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is an uncommon congenital disease due to an anomaly qualitative or quantitative of the glycoprotein complex GPIIb / IIIA with the consequence of a defective platelet aggregation. Hemorrhages in pregnant women with this bleeding disorder can be severe and may require aggressive treatment with a combined therapy including platelet concentrates, anti-fibrinolytics and rFVIIa. A scheduled plan for obstetric and haematological management should be set in advance. Close clinical observation, laboratory monitoring and immediate access to pro-haemostatic therapies are essential, leading to lower rates of postpartum hemorrhage. A 35 year-old white woman with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia was followed during pregnancy. A multidisciplinary meeting including gynaecologists, obstetrics, haematologists and anaesthesiologists was arranged for the management of unexpected antepartum haemorrhages, method of delivery and postpartum care. The primary aim of this case report was to evaluate the management of thrombasthenia of Glanzmann during pregnancy, with particular emphasis on the current management of the hemorrhages and the method of delivery, in order to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes.
Antimicrobial activity, antioxidant and chromatographic analysis of Varanus griseus oil extracts
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Ruby Tahira , Khan Aleem Ahmed , Shahzad Mirza Imran , Rivera Gildardo , Carriola Diana Victoria Navarrete
Published: July 2022

There is an urgent need to develop natural antimicrobials for the control of rapidly mutating drug-resistant bacteria and poultry viruses. Five extracts were prepared by using diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-Butanol and n-Hexane from abdominal fats of Varanus griseus locally known as Indian desert monitor. Antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral activities from oil extracts were done through disc-diffusion method, stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and In Ovo antiviral assay respectively. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analyses were used to determine principal active compounds and chemical profile of each oil extract. n-Hexane extract showed clear zones of inhibition (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12 ± 0.5 mm, 9 ± 0.5 mm, 9 ± 0.5 mm) while diethyl ether extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity (11 ± 0.5 mm) against Proteus vulgaris only. In case of drug resistant strains, methanol extract was active (6 ± 0.5 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus whereas n-Hexane extract has shown ZOI 11 ± 0.5 mm against P. aeruginosa. Range of percentage scavenging activity of V. griseus oil extracts from DPPH free radical assay was 34.9–70.7%. For antiviral potential, growth of new castle disease virus (NDV) was effectively inhibited by all five extracts (HA titer = 0–4). The highest antiviral activity against avian influenza virus (H9N2) was observed from methanol, diethyl ether and 1-Butanol oil extracts with HA titers of 2, 2 and 0, respectively. Methanol, diethyl ether, 1-Butanol and n-Hexane oil extracts produced best hemagglutination assay (HA) titer values (0, 0, 4 and 0) against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Ethyl acetate and 1-Butanol extract exhibited good antiviral potential against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) titers of 8 and 4, respectively. Main classes of identified compounds through gas chromatography were aldehydes, fatty acids, phenols and esters. GC-MS identified 11 bioactive compounds in V. griseus oil extracts. It is summarized that V. griseus oil has strong antioxidant activity and good antimicrobial potential because of its bioactive compounds.
Aspergillus species causing invasive fungal disease in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Stewart Adam , Isler Burcu , Simos Peter , Farquhar Drew , George Narelle , Golmayo Mila , Heney Claire
Published: July 2022

Background:Aspergillus species are important causes of invasive fungal disease, particularly among those with an impaired immune system. Increasing reports have revealed a rising incidence of antifungal drug resistance among Aspergillus spp., particularly among cryptic species. Understanding local antifungal susceptibility patterns is paramount to delivering optimal clinical care. Methods:Aspergillus spp. recovered from clinical specimens between 2000 to 2021 from Pathology Queensland were collected. All Aspergillus spp. that underwent antifungal susceptibility testing were recorded and included in the study. Pathology Queensland services all public healthcare facilities in Queensland, Australia. Results:236 Aspergillus spp. were identified from clinical specimens during the study period. The most frequent species identified were Aspergillus fumigatus complex (n=119), Aspergillus flavus (n=35), Aspergillus terreus (n=32) and Aspergillus niger (n=29). Overall, MIC50/90 values for voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and isavuconazole were 0.25/1, 0.25/0.5, 0.25/0.5, and 0.5/2 mg/L respectively. Echinocandins demonstrated low MIC values overall with micafungin and anidulafungin both having an MIC50/90 of 0.015/0.03 mg/L. A total of 15 cryptic species were identified; high triazole MIC values were observed with a voriconazole MIC50/90 of 2/8 mg/L. From 2017 to 2021 we observed an increase in incidence of isolates with high voriconazole MIC values. There was no difference in voriconazole MIC values between Aspergillus spp. acquired in North Queensland when compared to Southeast Queensland, AustraliaConclusion:Increasing reports of antifungal resistance among Aspergillus spp. is concerning and warrants further investigation both locally and worldwide. Active surveillance of both the emergence of different Aspergillus spp. and changes in antifungal susceptibility patterns over time is crucial to informing clinicians and treatment guidelines.
Mental health experiences of HIV/TB healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic – lessons for provider well-being and support from a qualitative study in seven South African provinces
Authors: Yang Blia , Egg Rafaela , Brahmbhatt Heena , Matjeng Mahlodi , Doro Thanduxolo , Mthembu Zandile , Muzah Batanayi , Foster Brendon , Theunissen Johanna , Frost Ashley , Peetz April , Reichert Katie , Hoddinott Graeme
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 has substantially reshaped health service delivery. Healthcare workers have had to serve more clients, work longer shifts, and operate in conditions of uncertainty. They have experienced multiple stressors related to the additional ‘labour of care’, including managing the frustration of inadequate therapeutic or symptom relief options, witnessing clients dying, and having to give this news to clients’ family members. Ongoing psychological distress among healthcare workers can severely undermine performance, decision-making and well-being. We sought to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health experiences of healthcare workers delivering HIV and TB services in South Africa.MethodsWe used a pragmatic and exploratory design to understand HCWs’ mental health experiences with in-depth qualitative data. We implemented the study in ten high HIV/TB burden districts across seven of South Africa’s nine provinces among healthcare workers employed by USAID-funded implementing partners. We conducted in-depth interviews (virtual) with 92 healthcare workers across 10 cadres.ResultsHealthcare workers reported experiencing a range of extreme and rapidly fluctuating emotions because of COVID-19 that negatively impacted on their well-being. Among these, many healthcare workers report experienced a great deal of guilt at their inability to continue to provide quality care to their clients. In addition, a constant and pervasive fear of contracting COVID-19. Healthcare workers’ stress coping mechanisms were limited to begin with, and often further interrupted by COVID-19 and non-pharmaceutical response measures e.g., ‘lockdowns’. Healthcare workers reported a need for greater support for managing the everyday burden of work – not only when experiencing a mental well-being ‘episode’. Further, that whenever they were exposed to stressor events, e.g., supporting a child living with HIV who reports sexual abuse to the healthcare worker, that this this would trigger additional support interventions and not rely on the healthcare worker seeking this out. Further, that supervisors spend more effort demonstrating appreciation toward staff.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 epidemic has added significant mental health burden for healthcare workers in South Africa. Addressing this requires broad and cross-cutting strengthening of everyday support for healthcare workers and centring staff’s mental well-being as core to delivering quality health services.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist administration to decrease the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in GnRH agonist cycles triggered with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Authors: Mills Ginevra , Dahan Michael H.
Published: July 2022

Purpose
In Gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) agonist IVF, after administration of human-chorionic-gonadotropin(HCG) triggering, there is a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome(OHSS). Few methods exist to prevent OHSS in these cases. Therefore, we investigated the use of a GnRH antagonist to decrease the risk of OHSS, due to its ability to decrease VEGF production and function.
Method
A retrospective cohort study of 171-IVF patients at risk for developing OHSS after a GnRH agonist cycle with HCG trigger was performed from 2011–2019. The patient population consisted of women with an unexpected exuberant response to stimulation based on ovarian reserve testing and were triggered with hCG. Women were converted to a freeze-all cycle and received either cabergoline 0.5mg orally alone for 7 days from the collection(Group 1, n = 123) or received cabergoline 0.5mg orally and ganirelix, 250 mcg SC for 7–10 days(Group 2, n = 48). Results: Group 1 had more cases of moderate and severe OHSS than group 2-(25% vs. 10% p = 0.03, and 52% vs. 25% p = 0.001 respectively). Group 1 reported more abdominal discomfort and bloating than group 2(91% vs. 65% p < 0.001) and the presence of free fluid was more frequent in group 1 than group 2(74% vs. 35% p < 0.001). Hemoconcentration and electrolyte disturbances were less severe in group 2 than in group 1 (p < 0.001 all cases).
Conclusion
In patients at high risk for developing OHSS after hCG trigger in a GnRH agonist cycle, the addition of GnRH antagonists in the luteal phase may reduce the risk of developing moderate and severe OHSS. The GnRH antagonist likely leads to more rapid luteolysis and down regulation of VEGF production and receptor response, thereby decreasing the hallmark increased vascular permeability.
KMT2C is implicated in hypothalamic hamartoma resulting in central precocious puberty
Authors: Tian Sufang , Niu Li , Fan Wei , Xin Can , Wang Daizhong
Published: July 2022

Precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the onset of puberty in early childhood, which presents with testicular enlargement before 9 years in boys, and breast budding and the onset of menstruation before 8 years in girls. Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is among the most common cause of central PP (CPP). As the pathogenesis of HH has not been elucidated to date, we explored the underlying molecular changes in three HH cases encountered in order to provide clues for clinical treatment. All specimens were reviewed from a pathological standpoint and then checked using next-generation sequencing to elucidate gene mutation profiles. In all three cases with HH, the lysine-specific methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C/MLL3) missense mutations were found. Combined with its close relationship with estrogen-related cancers, we speculate that KMT2C is involved in the pathogenesis of CPP owing to the resultant changes in estrogenic levels and release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Clinical Outcomes of instituting a Toric Pathway for cataract surgery at a tertiary referral teaching hospital
Authors: McCall Dominic , Samarawickrama Chameen
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To analyze the visual and refractive results for patients undergoing cataract surgery with insertion of a toric intraocular lens (IOL), pre and post implementation of a standardized pathway (Toric Pathway) in a large, public, teaching hospital. Methods: All data from patients which underwent cataract surgery and toric IOL insertion with an emmetropic target between January 2015 and December 2019 was collected and separated into pre and post Toric Pathway introduction (January 2017) in a retrospective chart review fashion. Any patients which had perioperative complications, no post-operative refraction, or notes were incomplete were excluded. One hundred and eighteen eyes (105 participants) were included in this study. Fifty-nine were in the Pre-Pathway group.Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), post-operative spherical equivalent refraction (Post OT SER) and post-operative cylinder (Post OT Cyl) were compared using multivariant regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U testing.Results: Pre-Pathway and Post-Pathway groups were similar across all variables, except the post-pathway group had higher pre-operative cylinder (mean 2.72+/-1.16D vs 2.90+/-0.75D, p = 0.025). Post-operative outcomes differed between groups for UDVA (mean LogMAR 0.20+/-0.19 vs 0.13+/-0.13, p = 0.049), Post OT Cyl (0.87+/-0.78D vs 0.47+/-0.54D, p<0.001) and the standard deviation of Post OT SER (-0.38+/-0.71D vs -0.31+/-0.42D, p = 0.005).Conclusions: Implementation of a standardized toric IOL pathway at a tertiary referral teaching hospital significantly improved post-operative UDVA, reduced postoperative cylinder and improved consistency in post-operative spherical equivalent refraction and should be considered for implementation across large teaching hospitals.
Direct ultrafast parametric amplification pumped by a picosecond thin-disk laser
Authors: Qian Liejia
Published: July 2022

Optical quadratic nonlinearity is ultrafast in nature, while parametric interaction usually manifests only the broadband characteristic [1]. Enormous progress has been made toward broadband phase-matching for parametric amplification and wide applications [1-3]. In existing devices of broadband parametric amplification, the power efficiency of conversion is restricted to approximately the energy efficiency, and the desire for the signal power enhancement necessitates additional pulse compression after amplification [4-10]. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast parametric amplification having an extraordinary power efficiency of 1155%; this allows the generation of intense femtosecond pulses without the need for a pulse stretcher and compressor. Direct femtosecond signal amplification by picosecond pumping is enabled by an ultrafast parametric environment in which the pre-delayed signal of faster speed gradually overtakes and effectively depletes the pump of slower speed as they propagate in a nonlinear crystal. The demonstrated technique should lead to breakthroughs in ultrafast lasers as well as applications.
The Effects of Early Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Diaphragm Kinesiotaping on Diaphragm Muscle Thickness in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: AKSELİM Sinem , Dandinoğlu Taner , Topal Serra , Çalışkan Gülbahar
Published: July 2022

Purpose: The efficacy of early rehabilitation in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is apparent. However, it is still unclear in COVID-19 patients. Also, the effects of diaphragm kinesiotaping (KT) on outcomes and muscle thickness were not shown previously. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of rehabilitation and diaphragm KT in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia by evaluating with the US of the diaphragm. Methodology: Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in ICU requiring high flow oxygen therapy included in the study. Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in ICU requiring high flow oxygen therapy were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n=22) rehabilitation, group 2 (n=26) rehabilitation and diaphragm KT, Group 3 (n=24) control group-only standard ICU care. Ultrasonographic measurements of diaphragm thickness (DT) and thickening fraction (TF) were recorded repeatedly.Results: The demographic characteristics, mortality, and length of stay were not different between groups. However, invasive mechanic ventilation (IMV) requirement and the decrease in DT and TF values were significantly lower in the KT group. Baseline DT and TF values were found to impact IMV requirement. Cut-off values for these parameters are 2.85 mm and 37.95%, respectively. Conclusion: Baseline DT can be used to predict noninvasive ventilation failure. By the way, the patients who are more likely to develop respiratory failure should receive inspiratory muscle training exercises combined with general rehabilitation principles. Also, diaphragm KT should be included in the rehabilitation protocol.
An Optimal Load Indirect Matching Method without Parameter Identification and System Efficiency Optimization
Authors: Qiu Xueying , Sun Pan , Rong Enguo , Qiao Kangheng , Sun Jun , Wu Xusheng
Published: July 2022

In order to achieve efficient operation of WPT systems, the conventional direct impedance matching method that requires mutual inductance and load identification is often used, which makes the system complicated. In this paper, an indirect impedance matching method without parameter identification is proposed, especially for systems with large coupling factor and load variations. This method is based on the characteristic that the optimal voltage gain of the resonator is only related to its inherent parameters, and impedance matching can be achieved by controlling the voltage gain in real time. To further improve the efficiency of the system, a single-sided detuning design method is used to achieve soft switching of the inverter. Based on the optimal voltage gain expression derived by using both the indirect impedance matching method and the single-sided detuning design method, a compound control strategy for a series-series-compensated topology with dual-side power control is proposed to improve efficiency and stabilize the output voltage. A hardware prototype is built and a peak DC-to-DC efficiency with the optimal output resistance at about 28.9Ω is 91.58%. When the output resistance is 100Ω, the efficiency improved by 7% after using the proposed strategy.
Numerical simulation and experimental validation of deposited corners of any angle in direct ink writing
Authors: Tu Yongqiang , Hassan Alaa , Siadat Ali , Yang Gongliu , Chen Zhangwei
Published: July 2022

Direct ink writing (DIW) belongs to material extrusion based additive manufacturing (MEAM) and the molding quality of deposited corners has an impact on the geometrical quality of three dimensional (3D) parts fabricated by DIW. To fully understand the DIW process and improve the geometrical quality of parts, numerical simulations have been widely used to model the DIW process. However, the previous research works for numerical simulation of deposited corners could only achieve the corner simulation under the condition of small angle and failed to realize corner simulation of any angel. Herein, we propose an improved numerical simulation of deposited corners of any angle based on the use of volume of fluid (VOF) method and validate the proposed numerical simulation experimentally. For this purpose, the numerical simulation is conducted through geometrical modeling, meshes generation and boundary conditions determination. In the numerical simulation, deposited corner is realized by constructing two calculation areas where two nozzle velocities with the corner angle as the velocity direction angle are applied on the substrates of two calculation areas. The effectiveness of the proposed numerical model is validated through corners deposition experiments using a commercially available microcrystalline wax (MW)-based ink in a DIW 3D printer as simulated results fit experimental results well. The current work demonstrates an effective approach for the prediction of the deposited corners of any angle in DIW based on numerical simulations.