bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) 1% for Chronic Plantar Ulcers in Leprosy
Authors: Oktaviyanti Riyana Noor , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Indramaya Diah Mira , Hendradi Esti , Sawitri Sawitri , Astari Linda , Damayanti Damayanti , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto
Published: September 2020

Background: Chronic plantar ulcers in leprosy (CPUL) increase morbidity, increase medical costs, cause loss of productivity, and decrease quality of life. CPUL is a severe complication of leprosy disease with a 10-20% incidence. In general, CPUL consume a significant amount of time to heal. Green tea extract contains high amount of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG functions as antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulator. This suggests that EGCG is effective for dermal wound treatment by facilitating reepithelialization. Purpose: To investigate the effect of topical EGCG 1% on the CPUL healing process. Methods: The topical EGCG 1% were applied every three days for eight weeks. Size of the ulcers, side effects and possible complications were monitored weekly. Result: There were significant clinical and statistical differences in the size and depth of the ulcers (p=0.000), as observed in the EGCG group. There was no side effect and complication found. Conclusions: Topical EGCG 1% was effective for CPUL healing. Sixty three point six percent of the ulcers were clinically healed, 31.8% demonstrated improvement, and 4.6% no effect was observed.
Economic Activities in The Auction Place of Fish (TPI) RK Ilir as a Learning Resource on Social Studies
Authors: Jawahir Jawahir , Abbas Ersis Warmansyah , Permatasari Melly Agustina
Published: September 2020

Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) berfungsi untuk membantu bergeraknya dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan usaha para nelayan. Di Kota Banjarmasin terdapat beberapa TPI, diantaranya TPI RK Ilir terletak di Jalan RK. Ilir RT. 20 Kelurahan Pekauman, Banjarmasin Selatan, Kota Banjarmasin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas ekonomi di TPI RK Ilir sebagai sumber belajar IPS.  Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi digunakan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data, teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian dan verifikasi data, dan uji validitas data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas ekonomi di TPI RK Ilir dimulai dari  pukul 02.00 WITA sampai dengan pukul 08.00 WITA. Aktivitas ekonomi di TPI RK Ilir dibagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu tangkapan air tawar dan air laut. Aktivitas ekonomi di TPI RK Ilir dapat diintegrasikan sebagai sumber belajar IPS di kelas VII pada materi interaksi sosial dan lembaga sosial.
Eksistensi Musik Perkusi Cha Catuk Percussion di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Nurina Lidya , Nugraheni Edlin Yanuar , Sani M. Budi Zakia
Published: September 2020

Intisari Tulisan ini mengkaji topik tentang eksistensi kelompok musik perkusi Cha Catuk Percussion di Banjarmasin. Kajian atau penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah triangu-lasi, yang meliputi wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, dapat diketahui bahwa eksistensi musik perkusi dari kelompok Cha Catuk Percussion di Kota Banjarmasin cukup bernilai. Sejak beraktivitas di tahun 2010 hingga 2019, hampir satu dekade mereka memberi kontribusi bagi dunia per-tunjukan musik di masyarakat Kota Banjarmasin, bahkan lingkup Kalimantan Selatan. Ragam segmen acara dan bentuk kegiatan yang mereka ikuti menunjukkan kelompok Cha Catuk Percussion dapat diterima oleh publik Kota Banjarmasin, khususnya publik pertunjukan.Kata kunci: cha catuk percussion, musik perkusi, banjarmasin  Abstract This paper examines the topic of the existence of the Cha Catuk Percussion music group in Banjarmasin. This study or research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. The data collection technique used is triangulation, which includes interviews, observations, and document analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the existence of percussion music from the Cha Catuk Percussion group in Banjarmasin is quite valuable. Since their activities in 2010 to 2019, almost a decade they have contributed to the world of musical performances in the people of Banjarmasin City, even in the scope of South Kalimantan. The various segments of the event and the forms of activities they participated in showed that the Cha Catuk Percussion group could be accepted by the Banjarmasin City public, especially the performance public.Keywords: cha catuk percussion, percussion music, Banjarmasin
PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS, MEDICINAIS E NUTRICIONAIS DO BURITI (Mauritia flexuosa L.) E DE SEUS DERIVADOS
Authors: Carvalho Ronizy Soares , Dos Santos Taides Tavares
Published: September 2020

No presente estudo, caracterizado como uma revisão bibliográfica exploratória-descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, é apresentada uma visão geral acerca das propriedades químicas e medicinais do buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) e seus produtos. A palmeira M. flexuosa é uma das mais abundantes do Brasil e seu extrativismo está integrado ao saber popular dos povos desse país. O fruto de M. flexuosa apresenta propriedades químicas de grande relevância do ponto de vista nutricional e medicinal. Entre os compostos químicos presente no fruto, destacam-se os carotenoides, ácidos graxos e flavonoides. O fruto possui também uma vasta gama de minerais em sua composição, tais como fósforo, potássio, magnésio, cálcio, enxofre e ferro. Com relação às potencialidades medicinais do fruto de M. flexuosa, destaca-se a utilização como adjuvante na cicatrização de ferimentos e queimaduras, atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante. Assim, torna-se evidenciada a relevância de se incentivar a preservação dessa espécie vegetal, que é amplamente ameaçada pelo avanço da fronteira agrícola e do desenvolvimento urbano. Além disso, visualiza-se a necessidade de se incentivar o avanço das pesquisas científicas voltadas para a caracterização química de compostos bioativos oriundos do fruto de M. flexuosa com a perspectiva de se alcançar o desenvolvimento de produtos e/ou processos de interesse biotecnológico.
INTERVENÇÃO EDUCATIVA SOBRE TUBERCULOSE PARA AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE EM UNIDADES DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE EM UM MUNICÍPIO DA REGIÃO NORTE
Authors: Freitas Pollyana Roberta , Honda Eduardo Rezende , Pinto Erika Simone Galvão , Ferreira Melisane Regina Lima , Orfão Nathalia Halax
Published: September 2020

Diante da necessidade de propor uma qualificação para transformação e aprimoramento dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS), considera-se de fundamental importância a identificação do conhecimento desses atores, que representam um elo entre o serviço e a comunidade, em especial, na atenção à Tuberculose (TB). Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma intervenção educativa sobre TB para ACS, de duas Unidades de Saúde da Família, no município de Porto Velho-RO. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados entre março e abril de 2017, por meio de um questionário estruturado, e a análise através de estatística descritiva. A intervenção foi delineada, a partir das lacunas do conhecimento identificadas e realizada em encontros de quatro horas cada, com os mesmos conteúdos e metodologia. Verificou-se que os ACS possuíam um conhecimento restrito sobre as características gerais da TB, diagnóstico, tratamento, medidas de prevenção e vigilância dos casos. Tais achados permitem refletir sobre a importância dos processos formativos e de qualificações constantes que possibilitem o diálogo com os profissionais sobre o cenário em que suas atribuições são desempenhadas e as dificuldades vivenciadas, visando um planejamento coerente e participativo com os atores envolvidos.

Palavras-chave: Tuberculose; Agentes Comunitários de Saúde; Atenção Primária à Saúde.
ANÁLISE FONOESTILÍSTICA DE AH! e DODÓI
Authors: Abreu Sílvia Rejane Teixeira de , Melo de Sousa Alexandre
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo, com base nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da fonoestilística, objetiva demonstrar como as escolhas léxicas, a partir do arranjo sonoro e dos efeitos que estes provocam no plano constroem a expressividade de um texto. Neste estudo, analisamos dois textos do compositor Luiz Tatit – Ah! e Dodói – fundamentando-nos, ainda, na função poética de Jakobson. Os resultados mostram que há predominância da função poética nos textos analisados, o que reflete que o autor se utiliza de escolhas lingüísticas no eixo da seleção (paradigma) sobre o eixo da combinação (sintagma) para provocar efeitos de sentido na construção de suas poesias. Verificamos, ainda, a presença dos fenômenos da motivação sonora, percebidos na expressividade dos fonemas e das palavras que formam cada poesia – o que comprova a relação entre o som e o sentido.
PREDICTORS OF EXCHANGE RATE RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Fianto Bayu Arie , Laila Nisful , Sukmana Raditya , Madyan Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Using historical time-series data, we investigate Indonesia’s exchange rate return predictability. We employ nine predictors, namely stock price, gold price, oil price, commodity price, inflation, balance of payment, total exports, the US T-bill rate, and the US federal fund rate. With historical data, we fail to discover any evidence that these factors predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns. However, we find that oil price, commodity price, inflation, and the US T-bill rate can significantly predict Indonesia’s exchange rate returns during the Asian financial crisis. Our findings key implication is that it is the external factors that dominate the evolution of Indonesia’s exchange rate, and inflation rate is the only domestic factor for policy makers to control.
Materials, Well Designs and Numerical Simulations for the Construction of a Low Loss Zone for Radiofrequency Downhole Heating
Authors: Cesar Ovalles , Pedro Vaca , Gunther H. Dieckmann , James Dunlavey , Ronald Behrens , Lee Dillenbeck , Michal Okoniewski
Published: September 2020

Downhole RF heating continues to be the interest of the petroleum industry because of its advantages over conventional forms of heating. Previous results have shown that without a low-loss dielectric zone (LLZ) around the downhole RF emitter, none of the available linear dipole antennas can work efficiently, and most of the energy is absorbed preferentially in a few meter radius around the radiating well and will not penetrate substantially into the reservoir. To circumvent this problem, low-dielectric materials were proposed, which are composed of a solid mixed with an appropriate binder. These materials were selected to have low dielectric properties so that the RF absorption is minimized, and at the same time, low porosity to prevent water invasion during the RF heating operation. Four solids, Ottawa sand, solvent deasphalted tar, Poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and four binders (polydicyclo pentadiene (DCPD) and phenol-formaldehyde resins (Novolac), a C-Class cement slurry, and a foamed cement) were evaluated by measuring their dielectric properties (dielectric constant and loss tangent) in the frequency range 1 - 2000 kHz and temperatures between 25–200°C. All four solids have low RF absorption as well as low porosity (<1%), and those values did not change significantly with temperature. Also, smaller dielectric properties were found for DCPD and Novolac than those found for the cement materials, and the DCPD binder has a dielectric constant almost half and a loss tangent one order of magnitude lower than those measured for the Novolac resin. Three different designs for the construction of LLZ were considered, which included underreaming the oil well, squeezing a solid-containing binder downhole, and creating a casing-less completion. Numerical simulations show that the use of a low-loss zone around the central emitter leads to a very much improved energy and temperature distribution, and higher penetrations (~12 m) than the case without it.
Determination of Asphaltene Precipitation Amount under the Condition of the Solvent Assisted SAGD Process by the Application of PVT Apparatus
Authors: Kaito Yutaro , Kiriakehata Shinichi , Nakagawa Kazunori , Nakashima Hideyuki , Izumi Tanetomo , Yamada Tomomi
Published: September 2020

Solvent Assisted-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SA-SAGD) has been studied as a more efficient process for extracting bitumen from oil sands than the SAGD process. In the SA-SAGD process, solvent is injected with steam to decrease the viscosity of bitumen by dissolution of the condensed solvent.

The dissolution of solvent causes a composition change of bitumen, which can lead to asphaltene precipitation. The effects of the asphaltene precipitation have been studied as part of a solvent-based recovery process such as Vapor Extraction (VAPEX). One of the advantages of the asphaltene precipitation is in-situ upgrading of the bitumen, whereas the disadvantage is that it causes a formation damage.

To evaluate the effect of the asphaltene precipitation in the SA-SAGD process, it is essential to investigate the asphaltene precipitation under the conditions expected in the SA-SAGD process. However, it takes a lot of time to obtain sufficient data with a conventional method to quantify asphaltene precipitation under high-pressure/high- temperature (HP/HT) conditions.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop an experimental procedure to evaluate the asphaltene precipitation with pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) apparatus in a reasonable time. The complex phenomenon at the edge of the chamber in the SA-SAGD process was simplified to a model of repetitions of mixing and drainage processes, and the experiment was configured in this manner. Solvent was added to a pre-diluted bitumen sample in a PVT cell. The supernatant liquid was sampled to analyze the asphaltene weight fraction remaining in the liquid phase and evaluate the asphaltene precipitation amount in the PVT cell. This process was repeated with increase in the solvent concentration. The asphaltene precipitation amount (APA) is calculated from the sample analysis data with recurrence relations under several assumptions.

This procedure enables a wide range of APAs to be obtained from a mixture of bitumen and solvent in a single experiment, which enables sensitivity analysis under various conditions. In this research, the experiment was conducted under two different temperature conditions of 120°C and 150°C and the pressure was fixed at 3.5 MPa. The APA curves obtained from both experiments had almost the similar trend.

Another important observation is that even the multi-component solvent (as used at the operation site) can still induce asphaltene precipitation under the HP/HT conditions expected in the SA-SAGD process.
Antiviral Mechanism of Tea Polyphenols on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Authors: Dong Wenjuan , Wang Xun , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhu Zhenbang , Chen Yaosheng , Liu Xiaohong , Guo Chunhe
Published: September 2020

Background: Neither inactivated vaccine nor attenuated vaccine can effectively prevent and control the infection and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Therefore, it is necessary to broaden new horizons and to conceive effective preventive strategies. Tea polyphenols (TPP) are polyphenol in tea. The main components of TPP are catechins and their derivatives. TPP has many physiological activities and has certain antiviral and antifungal effects. But whether TPP owns anti-PRRSV activity remains unclear. Results: We found that TPP effectively inhibited PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells by suppressing viral attachment and internalization. TPP exhibited a potent anti-PRRSV effect regardless of its pre-treatment or post-treatment. In addition, we demonstrated that TPP restrained PRRSV-induced p65 entry into the nucleus to suppress the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, TPP limited the synthesis of viral non-structural protein 2 (nsp2), the core component of viral replication transcription complexes, which may contribute to the inhibition of viral RNA replication. Conclusions: TPP has the potential to develop into an effective antiviral agent for PRRSV prevention and control in the future.
WITHDRAWN: An integrated process of methanol coagulation and side-stream membrane bioreactor for the treatment of rice gruel wastewater 
Authors: Nazia Shaik , Mishra Karishma , Jegatheesan Veeriah , Bhargava Suresh K , Sundergopal Sridhar
Published: September 2020

Significant demand for water supply was to expect forthcoming decades. Production of reusable water from industrial and domestic wastewater is a feasible, cost-effective, and significant positive benefit to the environment. In the present study, the domestic rice gruel wastewater (RGW) treated with aqueous methanol coagulation integrated aerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Hydrophilized (HF) spiral wound 5 kDa ultrafiltration (UF) membrane used in the bioreactor for the effective removal of pollutants from RGW. Furthermore, the RGW pretreated with various coagulants such as methanol, ethanol, and HCl. The obtained pretreated RGW subjected to the HF-UF 5 kDa side stream AMBR for reusable water production. The experiments conducted to determine the turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) found to be 96%, 91%, 91%, and 94.6%. The overall process was feasible, compact, environmentally free, cost-effective, eco-friendly.
WITHDRAWN: A new method of bio-catalytic surface modification for microbial desalination cell
Authors: Mardiana Ummy , Innocent Christophe , Cretin Marc , Buchari Buchari
Published: September 2020

Microbial desalination cell (MDC) built on surface modification has been studied for seawater desalination. Herein, the bio-catalytic surface modification for maintenance the long-term MDC performance during desalination process has been developed. The goal of this study is to provide and develop a seawater desalination system without requiring energy support by applying a modification of anode as an electron acceptor, and the different potential charges that occur between anode and cathode can play as driving force for electrodialysis of seawater desalination. Yeast has been applied as biocatalyst, meanwhile neutral red has been chosen as redox mediator to facilitate the electron transport from bioactivity of cells. Several types of surface modification have been conducted, i.e. biocatalyst-mediator immobilization and electropolymerization of NR at the surface of the anode. The optimization of each device has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and observed in Microbial fuel cell (MFC) prior functioned in MDC. The concentrations of salt ion migration have been determined by Ion Exchange Chromatography. MFC results reported that the best configuration of surface modification was obtained from CF/PNR then applied in MDC. CF/PNR delivered the highly significant performance by having the maximum value of all tested parameters, i.e 42.2% of current efficiency; 27.11% of bio-devices efficiency; 92.5 mA m-2 of current density and also 61% of NaCl transport. The profiles of surface devices have been detected by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). A several spherical shapes around 4 nm within alginate layer have been detected from SEM images and it was confirmed as yeast, meanwhile 5.04% of N has been found from EDX spectrum and was indicated from PNR. The results show that surface modification could be a promising method for bioelectricity generation which simultaneously produces electricity and seawater desalination and provides a green chemistry technology.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Vital Inflamed Pulp Therapy in Immature Permanent Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Xiao Wen , Shi Wentao , Wang Jun
Published: September 2020

Background To assess the resolution of clinical symptoms and radiographic changes in root length and apical diameter in immature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis or apical periodontitis with vital inflamed pulp therapy (VIPT).Methods The faculty members at the Ninth People’s Hospital pediatric dentistry department were invited to submit consecutive VIPT cases treated by them, irrespective of outcome, between 2014 and 2016. Clinical success rate, radiographic changes in periapical radiolucency, and apical closure were analyzed, and radiographic changes in the apical diameter and root length were quantified.Results Thirteen of 14 submitted cases of irreversible pulpitis in immature teeth met the inclusion criteria. The follow-up period ranged from 17 to 37 (average, 26.5 ± 7) months. All 13 treated teeth (100%) survived and 12 (92.3%) met the clinical criteria for success throughout the follow-up period, with 92.3% of cases (12 of 13) showing a significant periapical radiolucency decrease and 84.6% (11 of 13) showing complete apical closure at the last visit. The change in apical diameter and root length were obvious. Conclusions Vital inflamed pulp therapy approaches might be of particular value in restoring root development and apical closure and can be an option in treating immature teeth with irreversible pulpitis, even apical periodontitis.
Triage of Patients Suspected of COVID-19 in Chronic Hemodialysis: Eosinophil Count Differentiates Low and High Suspicion of COVID-19
Authors: Vial Romain , Gully Marion , Bobot Mickael , Scarfoglière Violaine , Brunet Philippe , Bouchouareb Dammar , Duval Ariane , Zino He-oh , Faraut Julien , Jehel Océane , Berdad-Hadad Yaël , Burtey Stéphane , Lano Guillaume , Robert Thomas
Published: September 2020

Background: Daily management to shield chronic dialysis patients from SARS-CoV-2 contamination makes patient care cumbersome. There are no screening methods to date and a molecular biology platform is essential to perform RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2; however, accessibility remains poor. Our goal was to assess whether the tools routinely used to monitor our hemodialysis patients could represent reliable and quickly accessible diagnostic indicators to improve the management of our hemodialysis patients in this pandemic environment.Methods: In this prospective observational diagnostic study, we recruited patients from La Conception hospital. Patients were eligible for inclusion if suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection when arriving at our center for a dialysis session between March 12th and April 24th 2020. They were included if both RT-PCR result for SARS-CoV-2 and cell blood count on the day that infection was suspected were available. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results: 37 patients were included in the final analysis, of which 16 (43.2%) were COVID-19 positive. For the day of suspected COVID-19, total leukocytes were significantly lower in the COVID-19 positive group (4.1 vs 7.4 G/L, p=0.0072) and were characterized by lower neutrophils (2.7 vs 5.1 G/L, p=0.021) and eosinophils (0.01 vs 0.15 G/L, p=0.0003). Eosinophil count below 0.045 G/L identified SARS-CoV-2 infection with AUC of 0.9 [95% CI 0.81-1] (p<0.0001), sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 86%, a positive predictive value of 82%, a negative predictive value of 86% and a likelihood ratio of 6.04.Conclusions :Eosinophil count enables rapid routine screening of chronic hemodialysis patients suspected of being COVID-19 within a range of low or high probability.
Rapid Detection of M. Bovis and M. Avium in Cytological Smears and Tissue Sections by PNA-FISH
Authors: Javed Rabyia , Narang Deepti , Gupta Kuldip , Deshmukh Siddartha , Chandra Mudit
Published: September 2020

Background: Bovine Tuberculosis is globally the paramount cause of death from single pathogen in cattle and other species. Rapid and explicit identification of mycobacteria is essential for the control of bovine tuberculosis. We performed a fluorescence Peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) procedure for specific detection of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium in bovine was optimized on cytological smears and tissue sections of bovines suspected for bovine tuberculosis.Results: PNA-FISH was performed on lung and lymph node tissues impression smears. The probes were standardized for standard bovine mycobacterial cultures at 50% formamide concentration for M.bovis and 30% formamide concentration for M.avium. All the cytological smears were positive from M.bovis probe (MTBCcy3) which was standardized at hybridization conditions of (55oC and 40% formamide) concentrations. Results revealed 4 out of 25 were positive in tissue sections with a bright red fluorescence with cy3 filter (MTBC probe). No results were seen with (MAVTAMRA) probe for M.avium which was standardized at hybridization conditions of (55oC and 30% formamide) respectively. No fluorescence was seen in control tissue sections .In addition, results were compared to other commonly used detection methods like IHC and PCR by targeting esxA gene. None of the sample was found positive for M. avium.Conclusion: PNA-FISH can be used in cytological impression smears and tissue sections. It is less time consuming in diagnosis of bTB in post mortem cases than PCR.
Predictors of Dental Caries Among Adults Attending Public Oral Health Facilities in Two Districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A Cross Sectional study
Authors: Mthethwa Jimmy , Mahomed Ozayr
Published: September 2020

Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic oral condition affecting millions of people worldwide. There are several predictors of dental caries that include amongst others water source, fluoride use, smoking status, alcohol use, employment status, level of education, diet and socioeconomic status. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and or predictors associated with dental caries among adults attending dental clinics at public health facilities in eThekwini and uMgungundlovu districts in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province of South AfricaSetting: The study took place at thirteen dental public health clinics in eThekwini and six from uMgungundlovu districts in KZN province, South AfricaMethods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted over a 5-month period from November 2018 to the end of March 2019 with a sample of 4716 patients of all adults 18 years and above age groups. A clinical examination as well as a close-ended questionnaire on the diagnosis, basic demographics data, socioeconomic status (SES), as well as lifestyle-related questions such as smoking, alcohol use and dietary choices, was administered to all consenting participants. Bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis using logistical regression were used to measure the association.Results: Females participants OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.6) p < 0.001**, patients consuming an unhealthy diet OR1.2 (95% CI 1.2-1.6) p < 0.001** were more likely to develop dental caries. Patients Achieving more than secondary level education were OR 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) p = 0.02* less likely to develop dental caries. Despite showing a slightly increased odds ratio OR 1.25 (95% CI 0.93-1.67) p = 0.14, lack of access to water was not a statistically significant contributor to dental caries.Conclusion: This study showed that female sex, consumption of an unhealthy diet and lower than a secondary level of education were the predictors of dental caries. It is hoped that these findings will contribute in influencing dental public health policy planning to ensure that planning for dental services takes a more comprehensive approach that includes health promotion, primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention at appropriate levels of the health system.
HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and concentration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Binbin , He Jiang , Liu Yong , Liu Ting , Liu Chaoqun
Published: September 2020

Background: Poor cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) has been proposed to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the current evidences in the literature are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to identify whether CEC is impaired or altered by drug therapy in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched to identify studies on CEC in RA patients. The searches were focused on studies in human subjects that were published before 10 June 2020, without language restrictions. The primary outcomes were CEC and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and C-reactive protein levels (CRP) levels.Results: A total of 11 eligible articles, including 6 observational and 5 intervention studies, were retrieved. The pooled results showed that CEC is not significantly lower in RA patients than in healthy controls (SMD: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.65 to 0.20), whereas the plasma HDL-C level is not significantly (WMD: -3.98, 95% CI: -8.32 to 0.37, I² = 54%, P for heterogeneity = 0.050) but is significantly decreased in the RA patients with moderate body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -5.46, 95% CI: -9.40 to -1.52, I² = 37%, P for heterogeneity = 0.175). Furthermore, in the before-after studies, the CEC of RA patients (SMD: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.38) increased, but the plasma HDL-C level (WMD: 3.26, 95% CI: -0.17 to 6.69) remained at a similar level after anti-rheumatic treatment compared to the baseline. In addition, stratified analysis suggested that the Disease Activity Score for 28 joints could be a potential source of heterogeneity for CEC. The funnel plot was relatively symmetric and did not suggest the presence of publication bias.Conclusion：The current meta-analysis demonstrated that HDL-mediated CEC can be improved by the early control of inflammation and anti-rheumatic treatment in RA patients, which is independent of HDL-C levels. Future research is needed to determine whether therapeutic strategies to enhance CEC in RA patients have beneficial effects for preventing CVD.
The Kinetics of Peroxynitrite on Insulin Nitration Damage
Authors: Zhang Congxiao , Sun Fusheng , Zhang Congjiang , Luo Yunjing
Published: September 2020

Background: Insulin is one of the most important versatile hormones that is central to regulating the energy and glucose metabolism in the body. There has been accumulating evidence supporting that diabetes was associated with peroxynitrite and protein nitration, and insulin nitration induced by peroxynitrite affected its biological activity. Methods: In this paper, the kinetics of insulin nitration by peroxynitrite in physiological conditions was studied by the stopped flow technique. Results: We determined the values of the reactive rate constants of peroxynitrite decomposition and peroxynitrite-induced tyrosine nitration in the presence of insulin. The activation energy of peroxynitrite decomposition and 3-nitrotyrosine yield in the presence of insulin is 48.8 kJ·mol−1 and 42.7 kJ·mol−1 respectively. Conclusions: It is inferred that the glutamate residue of insulin accelerated peroxynitrite decomposition and tyrosine nitration by reducing the activation energy of reactions. The results could be beneficial for exploring the molecular mechanism of diabetes and offering a new target for diabetes therapies.
Practice, Training Need of Disaster Preparedness and Associated Factors in Nursing Staffs Working at Emergency Department, Amahra Regional State Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2020G.C. A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study 
Authors: Tilahun Lehulu , Dessu Birhanu , Zeleke Mulusew
Published: September 2020

Background: Globally disasters are increasing at alarming rate that leads giving training and making preparing frontline emergency department nurses an important issue. Although disasters are manageable and preventable they are still considered as a major public health issues. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study used to come up with the findings. All emergency department working nurses from the region referral hospitals were assumed as study subjects. The disaster information on respondents was gathered with self-administered written questionnaires. Data entry and coding was made by using epidata software manager v4.6.0.2 and further exported to spss version 26 for further analysis. Result: In our study finding most participants were males 68(66.7%). In addition mean age of data respondents were 31.2±5.8. It is found that 25(24.5%) of participants have adequate practice on the contrary 75(75.5%) of respondents have inadequate practice. Also, 40(39.2%) respondents need training on first aid and treatment principles, 37(36.3%) need training on disaster preparedness and 31(30.4%) need training on basic principles of disaster response. In multivariate analysis variables with practice of disaster preparedness are training performed in a hospital set up {P value= 0.047, OR: 0.282, 95%CI: (0.081-0.985)} and simulation done in hospital {P value= 0.002, OR: 0.071, 95%CI: (0.055-0.530)} were significantly associated. Conclusions: Skill level of emergency department nurses with regard to disaster preparedness is inadequate so that training supported with drills & simulation and education are mandatory.
CAZyome and Sugar Transportome Unveil Singular Aspects of the Lignocellulolytic Enzyme System of Penicillium echinulatum 2HH
Authors: Lenz Alexandre Rafael , Balbinot Eduardo , Oliveira Nikael Souza de , Abreu Fernanda Pessi de , Silva Scheila de Avila e , Camassola Marli , Dillon Aldo José Pinheiro , Perez-Rueda Ernesto
Published: September 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
The Change of Cervical Spine Alignment Along with BMI in Asymptomatic Population: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Shao Zhenxuan , Dai Gaole , Zhao Qingqian , Wang Ben , Wen Rui , Zhang Xiaolei , Wu Ai-Min , Wang xiang-yang
Published: September 2020

Study design: A cross-sectional studyObjective:Describe the difference in the cervical sagittal alignment between various BMI people.Summary of Background Data:Cervical sagittal imbalance is implicated in the development of various spinal disorders, and obesity was recognized as a global epidemic. But there were few studies focusing on the correlation between cervical sagittal alignment and body mass index (BMI). Methods: This study enrolled 140 asymptomatic volunteers from July 2016 to July 2019. Demographic data included gender, age and BMI, and radiographic parameters included chin–brow vertical angle (CBVA), occipital slope (OS), orbital tilt (OrT), orbital index (OI), occiput-C2 lordosis (O-C2), cervical lordosis (CL), C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7SVA) , cranial tilting (CrT), cervical tilting (CeT), T1 slope (TS), neck tilt (NT), and thoracic inlet angle (TIA). The data were analyzed by ANOVA statistical analyses.Results: In terms of the occipitocervical parameters, we found that there was no significant difference (OS, P=0.970; OrT, P=0.970; OI, P=0.798); In terms of cervical parameters, we found significant correlations between BMI and parameters (C2-C7SVA, P=0.005; TZC2-C7, P=0.030; CrT, P= 0.050; CeT, P=0.013), which reflected that forward head posture increases as BMI rises; In terms of thoracic parameters, we also found significant correlations between BMI and parameters (NT, P=0.014; TIA, P=0.050), which reflected that thoracic inlet lifts as BMI rises.Conclusions: We found that there are the correlations between cervical sagittal alignment (C2-C7SVA, TZC2-C7, CL, CrT, and CeT) and BMI, and forward head posture increases and thoracic inlet lifts in the obese, which can provide clinical advice and remind surgeons of BMI effect in reconstructive surgery for better prognoses.
Field Trial Assessment of Two Commercial Vaccines Against Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae
Authors: Marcos Marcial , Rabanal Javier , Pico David del , Bollo Jesús , Romero Alfredo , Pérez-Breña Maria Luisa , Jiménez Marta , Menjón Rut , Tejedor Teresa , Swam Hanny
Published: September 2020

Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hyo) is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing respiratory disorders in swine populations as well as primary agent of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). The aim of this trial is to compare the efficacy of two commercial vaccines under field conditions, applied via different routes of administration, as a tool to control disease.Results: 3 groups each consisting of 440 animals, were included in this longitudinal study; one group vaccinated against M.hyo with an intradermal vaccine (group I), a second group vaccinated with an intramuscular vaccine 2940 strain (group H) and finally a third group, not vaccinated as a control (group N). All animals were individually weighed at weaning; upon entry into the fattening unit and just prior to movement to the slaughterhouse. Pigs from each group were periodically blood sampled to evaluate the immunological status against other pathogens involved in PRDC. Tracheobronchial swabs were collected from 30 pigs per treatment group during the final weighing. Slaughterhouse lung lesion evaluations were developed to assess levels of enzootic pneumonia-like lesions (EP) and pleuritis (P).Statistical evaluation of all test parameters indicated a better performance of the intradermal vaccinated group (group I):· in terms of weight (kg) just prior to movement to the slaughterhouse, (I= 97.45; H = 93.44; N = 93.05).· The number of positive tracheobronchial swabs, as well as M.hyo load detected individually (I = 36.7% positive samples with log10 Ct average value 1.48; H = 100% with log10 Ct 1.40; and N = 96.7% with log10 Ct 1.40),· EP prevalence (I = 35.1%, H = 47.0%, N = 50.5%) and· Pleurisy prevalence (I = 22.4%, H = 29.7%, N = 39.3%).In terms of the involvement of other PRDC pathogens, the serological study could lead us to think that the agents studied were present at same level in the all 3 vaccination groups.Conclusion: In this study, intradermal vaccination provided better performance than unvaccinated control group and intramuscular vaccine, in terms of weight increase (versus intramuscular group); reduction of enzootic pneumonia and pleurisy lesions, and tracheobronchial M.hyo prevalence at the end of the finishing period.
WITHDRAWN: Expression and Prognosis Analysis of JMJD5 in Human Cancers
Authors: Li Hui , Li Qun , Jing Hong , Zhao Jianghai , Zhang Hui , Ma Xuhui , Wei Lunshou , Dai Rujiang , Sun Weihong , Suo Zhimin
Published: September 2020

JumonjiC (JmjC) domain-containing protein 5 (JMJD5) plays an important role in cancer metabolism. However, the prognostic value of JMJD5 in most human cancers is still unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the expression and prognostic value of JMJD5, immune cells infiltration, and the correlations among them. We found: The expression of JMJD5 was significantly lower in human breast carcinoma (BRCA), cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and lung cancer (LUC) but higher in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) comparing to their respective normal tissues by online Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of tissue microarray sections (TMAs) respectively. And high expression of JMJD5 has better prognosis only in BRCA, LIHC, LUC but the opposite effect in STAD by the Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases analyses. Further analysis revealed JMJD5 expression is significant correlation with the abundance of six immune cells infiltration in above four cancers by TIMER, and evaluated the prognostic value by the combination of JMJD5 expression with either B cells or macrophages tumor infiltration by the COX proportional hazards model. Both the BRCA or lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with abundance of B cell and the STAD patients with low level of macrophage have a better cumulative survival by TIMER. In conclusion, we provided novel evidence of JMJD5 as an essential prognostic biomarker in cancers through analyses the correction of the JMJD5 expression, tumor-infiltrating B cells and macrophages and prognostic value. This study offers new perspectives therapeutic target in BRCA, LUAD and STAD.
Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness and neutralization susceptibility
Authors: Shi Pei-Yong , Plante Jessica , Liu Yang , Liu Jianying , Xia Hongjie , Johnson Bryan , Lokugamage Kumari , Zhang Xianwen , Muruato Antonio , Zou Jing , Fontes-Garfias Camila , Mirchandani Divya , Scharton Dionna , Kalveram Birte , Bilello John , Ku Zhiqiang , An Zhiqiang , Freiberg Alexander , Menachery Vineet , Xie Xuping , Plante Kenneth , Weaver Scott
Published: September 2020

A spike protein mutation D614G became dominant in SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the mutational impact on viral spread and vaccine efficacy remains to be defined. Here we engineer the D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain and characterize its effect on viral replication, pathogenesis, and antibody neutralization. The D614G mutation significantly enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication on human lung epithelial cells and primary human airway tissues, through an improved infectivity of virions with the spike receptor-binding domain in an “up” conformation for binding to ACE2 receptor. Hamsters infected with D614 or G614 variants developed similar levels of weight loss. However, the G614 virus produced higher infectious titers in the nasal washes and trachea, but not lungs, than the D614 virus. The hamster results confirm clinical evidence that the D614G mutation enhances viral loads in the upper respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients and may increases transmission. For antibody neutralization, sera from D614 virus-infected hamsters consistently exhibit higher neutralization titers against G614 virus than those against D614 virus, indicating that (i) the mutation may not reduce the ability of vaccines in clinical trials to protect against COVID-19 and (ii) therapeutic antibodies should be tested against the circulating G614 virus before clinical development.
Integration Analysis of Differential Expressed Genes Regulated by Differential Methylated Regions for Predicting Prognosis in Human Colon Cancer
Authors: Peng Xiaowen , Dong Dong , Ou Wentao , Xie Yongke , Luo Yuqi
Published: September 2020

Background Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated death globally, and numerous evidences show that different expressed gens (DEGs) regulated by differential methylated regions (DMRs) act an important role in tumor biology. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of DEGs related to DERs in colonic carcinogenesis is still unclear.Materials and methods RNA sequencing data and DNA methylation data of 455 colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cases and 41 normal controls were downloaded from The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the significant DEGs and DMRs. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID database. To identify the hub genes regulated by methylation, univariate cox and multivariate cox regression analyses were concluded. Furthermore, Riskscore and nomogram were built to identify the prognosis prediction power of the hub genes in colon cancer patients. Results A total of 133 DEGs regulated by DMRs were identified through analyzing RNA-seq data and DNA methylation data from TCGA; GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the genes involved in the initiation and progression of colon cancer. Univariate cox regression analysis and multivariate cox regression analysis focused on the 7 hub genes associated with overall survival, whose expression negatively correlated with their methylated level; Riskscore and nomogram model showed that the hub gens served as potential biomarker for the prognosis prediction of colon cancer patient. Conclusion Our funding suggests that the DEGs regulated by DMRs involve in the carcinogenesis and development of colon cancer, and the aberrant methylated DEGs associated with overall survival of patients may be potential diagnosis and therapeutic targets for colon cancer.
The Volatile and Heterogenous Gut Microbiota Shifts of COVID-19 Patients Over The Course of A Probiotics-Assisted Therapy
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Xu Qian , Cao Zhan , Pan Dengdeng , Zhu Ying , Wang Sheng , Liu Danping , Song Zhigang , Jiang Wei , Ruan Yumeng , Qin Nan , Lu Hongzhou , Qin Huanlong
Published: September 2020

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic, and little is known regarding the gut microbiota dynamics of the disease that often features a drastic and swift progression. Here we employed analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metatranscriptome to investigate the gut microbiome characteristics of a group of COVID-19 patients over the course of a probiotics-assisted therapy. Results The COVID-19 patients exhibited apparent microbiota alterations characterized by prominent compositional and functional shifts, which included taxonomic changes (e.g., increased relative abundance of Enterococcus and Rhodococcus, and decreased relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Clostridium XlVa) and transcriptional changes (e.g., increased transcriptional activities of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes, and decreased activities of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). Importantly, there were great interpersonal heterogeneity and intertimepoint fluctuations, as the most abundant or transcriptionally active taxa often greatly differed among individual patients and timepoints. Coincided with the resolution of respiratory symptoms, after the therapy some patients showed signs of recovery in the gut microbiome abnormalities. Associations were identified between gut and airway taxa and serum factors. Conclusion Our findings suggested that there is a lack of gut microbiota stability in COVID-19 patients and that measures are needed to ameliorate the gut microbiome perturbations in the patients to improve the prognosis. In addition, inclusion of probiotics is safe for treating COVID-19 patients and may improve their prognosis. Trial registration ISRCTN, ChiCTR2000029999. Registered 19 February 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=49717
A Virtual Medical Faculty Development Program for Remote Teaching, Pilot for Replication
Authors: Hegazy Nagwa Nashaat , Soliman Saeed S.A , Ahmed Samar A , Ahmed Marwa M
Published: September 2020

Background: Due to COVID 19 pandemic, several universities have experienced a paradigm shift from classroom to online teaching/ learning. The digital transformation of learning management systems has become a necessity rather than a luxury. Especially baby boomers and generation x may struggle to cope with the challenging transformation; hence there is a dire need for a faculty development program to achieve the goal of that transformation and bridge the gaps in faculty’s technology skills and competencies. Objectives: The primary purpose of the virtual medical faculty development program (VFDP) is to equip educators with technology competencies shown to be conducive to remote online learning. Methodology: An interventional prospective study was held in a university setting. A need analysis was conducted to prioritize the critical technological skills of for faculty members. Based on this analysis, only the indispensable skills that participating faculty members were expected to acquire were included in the program. From each department, 3- 4 Faculty participants were recruited to join in the program with an overall 93 enrolled participants from 26 departments in the Medical School . The intervention comprised five sessions, a session every other day, and lasted for ten days. The Kirkpatrick model was utilized to evaluate the program. Results: Almost 81% of faculty members completed the program and 80 % of participants were satisfied with the content of the program. There was a statistically significant difference between the perceived ability of the participants to share and record video lectures before and after the VFDP (p value <0.001). Conclusion: The virtual medical faculty development program (VFDP) has supported the participating faculty in developing their needed technological competencies required to bridge the gap of remote teaching/learning.