bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin Cancer Screening Makes It Possible to Detect Dysplastic Lesions and Significantly Reduce the Progression to Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Ghiassi Khashayar
Published: December 2019

This study takes a look at cultural practices around the world in terms of how they relate to being a contributing cause of malignant melanoma due to perceptions of skin colour and accepted tanning practices. This paper examines the effects of UV radiation in great detail and reviews skin cancer as a serious health risk due to overexposure and other factors. As part of the review of this global health threat, the demographic distribution of people who suffer from melanoma is also discussed. Currently, women between 31 and 50 years old are at the highest risk of developing skin cancer and, therefore, must be screened to reduce that risk, particularly given that malignant melanoma is better managed with earlier screening practices in middle-aged adults.
H
ydrogenophilus
Authors: Manaia Célia M. , Vaz‐Moreira Ivone , Nunes Olga C.
Published: December 2019

Hy.dro.ge.ni'phi.lus. Gr. neut. n.
hydor
water; Gr. v.
genein
to produce; N.L. neut. n.
hydrogenum
hydrogen (that which produces water); Gr. masc. adj.
philos
loving, friendly to; N.L. masc. n.
Hydrogenophilus
hydrogen lover.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Hydrogenophilales / Hydrogenophilaceae / Hydrogenophilus

Straight rods
,
0
.
4–0
.
8
×
1
.
0–3
.
0 µm
during exponential growth. Occur singly or in pairs (in
Hydrogenophilus islandicus
and
Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus
). Motile or nonmotile. Gram‐negative. Nonsporulating. Aerobic or microaerobic, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism, with oxygen or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor.
Colonies are yellow or grayish
.
Thermophilic
; two species grow optimally at 50–55°C, and another at 63°C.
Facultatively chemolithoautotrophic
; can use H
2
as an electron donor and CO
2
as a carbon source. CO
2
is fixed via the Calvin–Benson cycle. Acetate, pyruvate,
dl
‐lactate, and
dl
‐malate can be used as electron donors and carbon sources. Ammonium can be used as a nitrogen source. The major quinone system is ubiquinone 8. Isolated from hot springs and surrounding soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 61–65.

Type species
:
Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus
Hayashi, Ishida, Yokota, Kodama and Igarashi 1999, 785
VP
.
Acidithiobacillus
Authors: Boden Rich , Hutt Lee P.
Published: December 2019

A.ci.di.thi.o.ba.cil'lus. L. masc. adj.acidussour, tart; Gr. neut. n.theîonsulfur, brimstone (transliterated to L. neut. n.thium); L. masc. n.bacillusa short rod, a short wand; N.L. masc. n.Acidithiobacillusacid‐loving sulfur rodlet.

Proteobacteria / Acidithiobacillia / Acidithiobacillales / Acidithiobacillaceae / Acidithiobacillus

Cells are short, motile rods with a single polar flagellum. Some strains have an obvious glycocalyx. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores, exospores, and cysts are not produced. Obligate chemolithoautotrophs, with electron donors including reduced inorganic sulfur species such as thiosulfate, tetrathionate, and elementary sulfur (viz. α‐S8and μ‐S∞). Some species can also use molecular hydrogen, ferrous iron, or metal sulfides such as pyrite (FeS2) as electron donors. Some species are diazotrophic. Heterotrophy, methylotrophy, and the so‐called C1autotrophy are not observed. Carbon assimilated from CO2via the transaldolase variant of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. Carboxysomes are used for CO2concentration. Obligately respiratory, with molecular oxygen, ferric iron, or elementary sulfur as terminal electron acceptors, varying by species. Most strains grow in the range of 20–37°C, though some have a narrower range, and one species is thermophilic. Optimal growth from pH 2.0 to 5.8 and an overall range of pH −0.6 to 6.0. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone‐8 (UQ‐8), and traces of ubiquinone‐9 (UQ‐9), ubiquinone‐7 (UQ‐7), and menaquinones (MK) are found in some species. The dominant fatty acids are palmitic acid (C16:0), vaccenic acid (C18:1),cis‐11‐cyclopropyl‐nonadecanoic acid (C19:0cycloω8c), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), myristic acid (C14:0), and lauric acid (C12:0). The dominant polar lipids are cardiolipin, aminolipids, phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G + C fraction of genomic DNA is around 52.0–63.9 mol%. Form IAc (carboxysomal) and Form II (cytoplasmic)d‐ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase are used, as are formsbo3andbd‐I ubiquinol oxidases and, in the iron‐oxidizing species, theaa3‐type cytochromecoxidase. A description ofAcidithiobacillus concretivoruscomb. nov. is also given.

DNA G+C content (mol%): 52.0–63.9.

Type species:Acidithiobacillus thiooxidansKelly and Wood 2000VP(Thiobacillus thiooxidansWaksman and Joffe 1922AL).
C
ecembia
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Rainey Fred A. , Egas Conceição , Froufe Hugo J. C. , Raposo Pedro , Roxo Inês , da Costa Milton S.
Published: December 2019

Ce.cem'bi.a. N.L. fem. n.
Cecembia
arbitrary name derived from the abbreviation CCMB (Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology).

Bacteroidetes / Cytophagia / Cytophagales / Cyclobacteriaceae / Cecembia

The three species currently classified to the genus
Cecembia
form rod‐shaped cells, 0.5–0.7 μm in width and 1.0–3.0 μm in length. The organisms do not possess motility, and flagella are not seen; endospores are not observed. The organisms stain Gram‐negative, and the colonies are red pigmented. The species of the genus
Cecembia
are slightly halophilic and slightly alkaliphilic; some species are slightly thermophilic. The organisms are chemoorganotrophic and strictly aerobic. Cytochrome
c
oxidase and catalase are positive. Carbohydrates, polyols, organic acids, and amino acids are used as carbon and energy sources, but growth factors are necessary for some species to grow in minimal defined medium. The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone 7 (MK‐7). The polar lipid profile is dominated by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and the fatty acids are predominantly iso‐branched, monounsaturated, and hydroxy. The Isolated from hydrothermal areas and a saltwater lake.

DNA G + C content (%)
: 39.5–41.0 (Genome).

Type species
:
Cecembia lonarensis
Anil Kumar et al. 2012b
VP
.
Pseudogracilibacillus
Authors: Kämpfer Peter
Published: December 2019

Pseu.do.gra.ci.li.ba.cil'lus. (Gr. masc. adj. pseudês false; N.L. masc. n.Gracilibacillusa bacterial genus; N.L. masc. n.Pseudogracilibacillusthe falseGracilibacillus).

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Pseudogracilibacillus

The genusPseudogracilibacilluscomprises the three speciesP. auburnensis, P. marinus,andP. endophyticus. Pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the type strains of the species of the genusPseudogracilibacillusshare 95.9–96.5% similarity among each other and 95.4 and 94.3% toOrnithinibacillus contaminansandSinibacillus soli. In phylogenetic trees calculated based on nearly full‐length 16S rRNA gene sequences, the genusPseudogracilibacillusis monophyletic and forms a distinct cluster within the familyBacillaceaewithin the orderBacillales. Cells stain Gram‐stain‐positive or Gram‐variable. They can produce spherical to ellipsoidal endospores that are located terminally and sometimes subterminally. Spore formation can be very sparse. Members of the genus are facultatively anaerobic and catalase‐negative. They show a varying salt tolerance. The polyamine pattern of the type species consists predominantly of spermidine and spermine. The quinone system consists predominantly of menaquinone MK‐7. The polar lipid profile is composed of the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Glycolipids are present. The fatty acid profile comprises mainly iso‐ and anteiso‐branched fatty acids. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan ismeso‐Dpm.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 34–39.1 (HPLC).

Type species:Pseudogracilibacillus auburnensisGlaeser et al. 2014VP.
Crassaminicella
Authors: Galès Grégoire , Postec Anne , Cayol Jean‐Luc
Published: December 2019

Cras.sa.mi.ni.cel'la. L. neut. n.crassamen, ‐inis, sediment; L. fem. n.cellaa storeroom, chamber and, in biology, a cell; N.L. fem. n.Crassaminicellacell isolated from sediments.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Crassaminicella

The genusCrassaminicellaat the time of writing consists of one validly published species,Crassaminicella profunda, which was isolated from deep‐sea sediments affected by hydrothermalism in the Guaymas Basin, Mexico (Lakhal et al., 2015). The one species of the genus is anaerobic, slightly halophilic, neutrophilic, and chemoorganotrophic. It is an obligate heterotrophic bacterium fermenting carbohydrates (glucose and mannose), organic acids (pyruvate and succinate) as well as casamino acids and amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, and glycine). Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, fumarate, nitrate, nitrite, and Fe(III) are not used as terminal electron acceptors. The predominant cellular fatty acids are C14:0, C16:1ω7, C16:1ω7 DMA, and C16:0. The main polar lipids consist of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phospholipids. The G + C content of the genomic DNA is 33.7 mol%. The closest phylogenetic relative of Ra1766HTareMarinisporobacter balticus(95.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and “Inediibacterium massiliense” (95.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Phylogenetic analyses using 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the species as a representative ofClostridiaceaefamily.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 33.7 (HPLC).

Type species:Crassaminicella profundaLakhal et al. 2015VP.
A
estuariicoccus
Authors: Kim Kyung Hyun , Park Hye Yoon , Jeon Che Ok
Published: December 2019

Aes.tu.a.ri.i.coc'cus. L. neut. n.
aestuarium
mud flat; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
(from Gr. masc. n.
kokkos
) a grain or berry; N.L. masc. n.
Aestuariicoccus
a coccus‐shaped bacterium from mud flat.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Aestuariicoccus

Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, and moderate halotolerant nonmotile cocci. Optimum growth at 37°C, pH 7.0–7.5, and 2.0% NaCl. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite. The major isoprenoid quinone is ubiquinone‐10 (Q‐10). The cellular fatty acid profiles are dominated by summed feature 8 (comprising C
18:1
ω7
c
/C
18:1
ω6
c
) and C
18
:0
. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genus currently accommodates only one species
Aestuariicoccus marinus,
isolated from sea‐tidal flat sediment.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.0 (fluorometric method).

Type species
:
Aestuariicoccus marinus
Feng, Jeong, Kim, Park and Jeon 2018, 264
VP
.
P
acificibacter
Authors: Romanenko Lyudmila A.
Published: December 2019

Pa.ci.fi.ci.bac'ter. L. masc. adj.
pacificus
, pacific, pertaining to the Pacific Ocean; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Pacificibacter
, a rod isolated from the Pacific Ocean.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Pacificibacter

Gram‐negative; strictly aerobic; oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive; ovoid or rod‐shaped, enlarged at one pole, bacteria. Reproduce by budding process. Nonmotile. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Sodium ions are essential for growth. Bchl
a
is not produced. The predominant isoprenoid quinone is Q‐10. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified lipid, and an unidentified aminolipid. The major fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
or summed feature (C
18:1
ω7
c
and/or C
18:1
ω6
c
). The known habitat is the marine environment.
Pacificibacter
is a genus in the family
Rhodobacteraceae
, order
Rhodobacterales
, class
Alphaproteobacteria
, phylum
Proteobacteria
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.6–58.3 (
T
m
, HPLC).

Type species
:
Pacificibacter maritimus
Romanenko, Tanaka, Svetashev, and Kalinovskaya 2011, 1379
VP
.
P
hycisphaerales
Authors: Fukunaga Yukiyo
Published: December 2019

Phy.ci.sphae.ra'les. N.L. fem. n.
Phycisphaera
, type genus of the order;
‐ales
ending to denote a or‐ der; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Phycisphaerales
, the order of the genus
Phycisphaera
.

Planctomycetes / Phycisphaerae / Phycisphaerales

The order
Phycisphaerales
is defined by phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences; the order contains the family
Phycisphaeraceae
. The description is the same as that for the class
Phycisphaerae
.
Regulating Root Aquaporin Function in Response to Changes in Salinity
Authors: McGaughey Samantha A. , Qiu Jiaen , Tyerman Stephen D. , Byrt Caitlin S.
Published: December 2019

Rapid changes in soil salinity present plants with an osmotic stress. If the concentration of salt in the soil water is too high then water may flow from the plant roots back into the soil. As part of an adaptive response, the regulation of proteins associated with water transport, such as aquaporins, is altered. The change in regulation of aquaporins in roots in response to salt treatments occurs at transcriptional and post‐translational levels. Cell specific changes in aquaporin transcript levels, protein abundance, subcellular localisation, protein phosphorylation, and protein:protein interactions have been observed. It has recently been revealed that a subset of plant aquaporins can function both as water and as ion channels. Both Arabidopsis PIP2;1 and PIP2;2 function as water and ion channels in heterologous systems. AtPIP2;1 and AtPIP2;2 ionic conductance was carried by sodium (Na
+
), indicating that a subset of plant PIP2s could have a role in Na
+
transport in plants. We show quantitatively how AtPIP2;1 may account for the calcium (Ca
2+
) and pH sensitive Arabidopsis root non‐selective cation channel. Salt treatments are known to result in a change in AtPIP2;1 phosphorylation, and in Arabidopsis roots this is associated with internalisation of AtPIP2;1 into pre‐vacuolar compartments. Here we review how the regulation of aquaporins, in particular PIP2s, changes in root tissues in response to salt treatments.
Cultural life scripts of Japanese adolescents
Authors: Kawasaki Ayaka , Uehara Izumi
Published: December 2019

A life script develops from adolescence and is influenced by culture. However, few cultural differences have been identified previously, and only a few studies have investigated the life scripts of adolescents. This is the first study to examine the life scripts of Japanese junior high and high school students. Our results identified some characteristically Japanese life events that were shared by the students, such as the “high school entrance exam,” “falling out with friends or family,” “club activities,” and the “Seijinshiki ceremony.” Peaks for particular life events in particular age groups were observed in all groups for events with “mixed” valence; these had never have been reported by previous studies. Some gender‐specific and developmental differences were also identified.
NP, PA bupe prescribers driving increase in rural provider availability
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2019

If there were any doubts over whether allowing nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) to become waivered prescribers of buprenorphine could make a difference at the community level, results of a new study examining rural communities should put the skepticism to rest — at least as far as access is concerned.
A Mediator‐Free Electroenzymatic Sensing Methodology to Mitigate Ionic and Electroactive Interferents' Effects for Reliable Wearable Metabolite and Nutrient Monitoring
Authors: Cheng Xuanbing , Wang Bo , Zhao Yichao , Hojaiji Hannaneh , Lin Shuyu , Shih Ryan , Lin Haisong , Tamayosa Stephanie , Ham Brittany , Stout Phoenix , Salahi Kamyar , Wang Zhaoqing , Zhao Chuanzhen , Tan Jiawei , Emaminejad Sam
Published: December 2019

Wearable electroenzymatic sensors enable monitoring of clinically informative biomolecules in epidermally retrievable biofluids. Conventional wearable enzymatic sensors utilize Prussian Blue (a redox mediator) to achieve selectivity against electroactive interferents. However, the use of Prussian Blue presents fundamental challenges including: 1) the susceptibility of the sensor response to dynamic concentration variation of ionic species and 2) the poor operational stability due to the degradation of its framework. As an alternative wearable electroenzymatic sensor development methodology to bypass the aforementioned limitations, a mediator‐free sensing interface is devised, comprising of a coupled platinum nanoparticle/multiwall carbon nanotube layer and a permselective membrane. The interface is adapted to develop sensors targeting glucose, lactate, and choline (as examples of informative metabolites and nutrients), showing high degrees of sensitivity, selectivity (against a wide panel of naturally present and diverse interfering species), stability (<6.5% signal drift over 20 h operation), and reliability of sensing operation in sweat samples. By integration within a readout board, a wireless sample‐to‐answer system is realized for on‐body sweat biomarker analysis. This methodology can be adapted to target a wide panel of biomarkers in various biofluids, introducing a new sensor development direction for personal health monitoring.
Passivating Detrimental DX Centers in CH3NH3PbI3 for Reducing Nonradiative Recombination and Elongating Carrier Lifetime
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Wei , Yin Wan‐Jian
Published: December 2019

After a period of rapid, unprecedented development, the growth in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has recently slowed. Further improvement of cell efficiency will rely on the in‐depth understanding and delicate control of defect passivation. Here, the formation mechanism of iodine vacancies (VI), a typical deep defect in CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), is elucidated. The structural and electronic behaviors of VI are like those of a DX center, a kind of detrimental defect formed by large atomic displacement. Aided by the passivation mechanism of DX centers in tetrahedral semiconductors, it is found that the introduction of Br strengthens chemical bonds and prevents large atomic displacements during defect charging. It therefore reduces the defect states and diminishes electron–phonon coupling. Using time‐domain density functional theory (DFT) combined with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, it is found that the carrier lifetime can be enhanced from 3.2 ns in defective MAPbI3 to 19 ns in CH3NH3Pb(I0.96Br0.04)3. This work advances our understanding of how a small amount of Br doping improves the carrier dynamics and cell performance of MAPbI3. It may also provide a route to enhance the carrier lifetimes and efficiencies of perovskite solar cells by defect passivation.
Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Transistors with Air Dielectrics for Transparent and Wearable Pressure Sensor Arrays
Authors: Ji Sangyoon , Jang Jiuk , Hwang Jae Chul , Lee Youngjin , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Park Jang‐Ung
Published: December 2019

Flexible, transparent pressure sensors have numerous potential applications in wearable electronics, soft robotics, health monitoring. In particular, highly sensitive and reliable pressure sensors that cover wide ranges of pressures are promising because they can undergo various external stimulations. Here an unconventional approach is presented for fabricating the active‐matrix array of air‐dielectric, amorphous oxide semiconductor transistors for transparent, wearable pressure sensors. In the structure of these pressure‐sensitive field‐effect transistors (FETs), the clean interface between the air and the oxide semiconductor channel enables the FETs to have outstanding mobility and negligible electrical hysteresis with rapid and reliable responses as pressure sensors for an extensive range of pressures from 200 Pa to 5 MPa. Also, low processing temperature and high transparency of oxide semiconductors make it possible to fabricate them on plastics with flexibility and transparency. The fabrication of active‐matrix pressure sensor arrays demonstrated the real‐time monitoring of freely moving, ultralight, liquid droplets on the sensor. In addition, this can be integrated into the fingertips of gloves to monitor the pressure changes that occur during grasping objects. These results illustrate the potential of pressure sensors to provide robust solutions in the next‐generation electronics including remote surgery, health monitoring, and robotics.
Feature Engineering of Solid‐State Crystalline Lattices for Machine Learning
Authors: Cox Timothy , Motevalli Benyamin , Opletal George , Barnard Amanda S.
Published: December 2019

The problem of feature extraction, in crystalline solid‐state systems with point defects, is considered. Novel methods for creating features for use in machine‐learning‐based predictive modeling of such systems are developed. The methods are illustrated in a case study where machine learning methods are used to predict the onset of amorphization in crystalline systems containing vacancy defects. How the methods developed may be generalized to study other problems in solid‐state materials is also discussed.
Pressurized tubular solid oxide H2O/CO2 coelectrolysis cell for direct power‐to‐methane
Authors: Luo Yu , Shi Yixiang , Chen Yanbo , Li Wenying , Jiang Lilong , Cai Ningsheng
Published: December 2019

To improve the energy‐to‐CH4 efficiency and enhance renewable power utilization, we investigate direct Power‐to‐Methane at low inlet H2 content (25 vol%) in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). The synergy of the pressurized operation and the electricity input effectively enhances CH4 yield by one‐order of magnitude from 2.8% to 28.7% and the CO2‐to‐CH4 ratio from 4.4% to 39.5% in the H2‐reduced case, where the ratio of H2 consumption to total energy consumption decreases to 41% and the energy‐to‐CH4 efficiency increases to 53%. We develop a multiphysics tubular SOEC model to understand the intrinsic coupling between electrochemistry and heterogeneous catalytic chemistry. From the perspective of performance enhancement, geometry optimization, and thermal design, inhibiting CH4 production in the inlet gas‐controlled zone and promoting CH4 production synergistically in both the electrochemistry‐controlled zone and the temperature‐controlled zone is the key to improve the energy‐to‐CH4 efficiency.
Renpenning syndrome in an Indian patient
Authors: Masih Suzena , Moirangthem Amita , Phadke Shubha R.
Published: December 2019

Renpenning syndrome is one of the well‐characterized causes of X‐linked intellectual disability and is associated with microcephaly and various visceral malformations. Face is considered characteristic but the dysmorphism is subtle. Here we report an Indian adult with a very lean habitus, progressive atrophy of the upper back muscles, microcephaly, loss of cervical lordosis, and upper thoracic scoliosis. Using whole‐exome sequencing, a hemizygous deletion was identified in PQBP1 that leads to a frameshift and premature termination of translation. The loss of normal curvatures of cervical and upper thoracic spine due to muscular atrophy is a characteristic feature, though it may be age dependent.
Chemical composition and porous structure of polymer‐derived silicoboron carbonitride ceramics prepared via a monomer route
Authors: Yang Lujiao , Cheng Xuan , Zhang Ying
Published: December 2019

Polymer‐derived silicoboron carbonitride (SiBCN) ceramics were facilely prepared using organosilicon monomers tris(dichloromethylsilylethyl)borane and bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide as the starting materials. The polymer precursors were obtained either without adding styrene or by adding an appropriate amount of styrene into the mixture of the organosilicon monomers, followed by heat treatment and purifying. The chemical composition and pore structure of the polymer‐derived SiBCN ceramics were studied. It was found that styrene diluted the monomers and hindered their chemical reaction from forming the polymeric network. The polymer precursor prepared with styrene was composed of boron‐modified polysilylcarbodiimide as the matrix and dispersed polystyrene mainly of sizes 20–50 μm. Accordingly, a polymer‐derived SiBCN ceramic with a three‐dimensional continuous macroporous structure containing pores mainly of 20.9–58.1 μm with a total porosity of 74% was achieved. The B/N atomic ratio reached 0.58 with low oxygen content of 2.81 wt%, which satisfied the requirement for high‐temperature application.
Outstanding performance of parylene polymers as electrets for energy harvesting and high‐temperature applications
Authors: Lagomarsini Clara , Jean‐Mistral Claire , Kachroudi Achraf , Monfray Stéphane , Sylvestre Alain
Published: December 2019

Parylene C is used in many applications due to its high properties but it remains a material with moderate performance as long as it is intended for use as an electret. Hence, the generally accepted idea, rightly so, in the scientific and industrial community not to necessarily select parylene (i.e., parylene C) for applications where the endurance of the electret is a strong criterion. Our study provided a new perspective on the performance of parylenes as electret. In this case, we will talk about fluorinated Parylenes of the VT‐4 type and especially AF‐4 variant. Their thermal stability is outstanding and a charge stability is almost total up to 100 °C. A 50% reduction in the charge is recorded at a temperature as high as of 220 °C (9 μm thick Parylene AF‐4), making it one of the most efficient polymer electrets to date. Negatively and positively charged Parylene AF‐4 electrets presented similar performance over long durations, which is out of ordinary for the commonly employed polymeric electrets. Finally, these fluorinated polymers are therefore particularly promising new candidates for applications in electret‐based converters for energy harvesting. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48790.
Novel approach in synthesizing ternary GO‐Fe3O4‐PPy nanocomposites for high Photothermal performance
Authors: Getiren Bengü , Çıplak Zafer , Gökalp Ceren , Yıldız Nuray
Published: December 2019

In this study, graphene oxide‐iron oxide‐polypyrrole (GO‐Fe3O4‐PPy) ternary nanocomposites having high photothermal activity and stability are synthesized and analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and magnetic hysteresis measurement (VSM). The effect of power density (1.5–2.5 W cm−2), concentration (0.01–0.2 mg mL−1), and component composition of nanocomposites on the photothermal properties in the near‐infrared (NIR) region (808 nm) is examined. The results show that superparamagnetic GO‐Fe3O4‐PPy ternary nanocomposite exhibits excellent photothermal performance. The temperature reaches to 55.5, 72.3, and 83.1 °C under the irradiation of the 808 nm NIR laser at 1.5, 2.0—, and 2.5 W cm−2 of power density for 10 min at 0.1 mg mL−1 photothermal therapy (PTT) agent, respectively, and moreover it has excellent photothermal stability. In summary, it is concluded that synthesized nanocomposites potentially may be used in simultaneous magnetic field‐guided treatments. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48837.
In vitro Evaluation of Carbon‐Based Nanospheres as Drug Delivery Vesicles in Breast Cancer Cell
Authors: Kim Daehyun , Kyung Hyuna , Lee Seung Soo , Park So Yeon , Yoo Won Cheol , Lee Hak Jong
Published: December 2019

The application of nanoparticles in cancer treatment allows precise tumor treatment by enhancing drug delivery to the tumor area. To overcome limitations in the drug delivery system, we report carbon‐based nanospheres (CSs) that have high drug loading capacity as well as anti‐cancer effects. Monodisperse and size‐tunable (170–583 nm) CSs with excellent surface area up to 2619 m2/g provided high drug loading capacity in four different types of drugs (doxorubicin, gemcitabine, docetaxel, and paclitaxel), and demonstrated strong anti‐cancer effects against MDA‐MB‐231 human breast carcinoma cells.
Former head coach shares lessons learned from his battle with depression
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2019

After decades as a successful, well‐respected, and self‐assured head basketball coach, Mark Potter suddenly found himself with “zero confidence” during that season's first week of practice. The usually outgoing college coach started isolating himself and stopped eating, watching sports, and reading the sports section, and lost 30 pounds.
Consumer engagement on social media: Evidence from small retailers
Authors: Devereux Elise , Grimmer Louise , Grimmer Martin
Published: December 2019

This study investigates which characteristics of the social media posts of small firms in Tasmania, Australia elicit higher levels of consumer engagement. Results from an analysis of small retail firms’ social media postings (Facebook, Instagram and Twitter) (N = 2,607) illustrate the importance of the content of the post (i.e., businesses‐related vs. non‐business‐related), the activity (i.e., text, image or video), the time of day of the posting and the platform on which the activity was posted, in eliciting responses from followers. Results show Facebook received significantly higher levels of engagement, compared with Twitter and Instagram. Contrary to expectations, the specific day of the week did not have any impact on levels of engagement. This research demonstrates how small businesses can improve their use of social media marketing to engage more effectively with customers and followers.
Interdisciplinary assessment and management of a patient with a fibrous gingival enlargement of unknown origin: A case report
Authors: Barbe Anna Greta , Röhrig Gabriele , Hieggelke Lena , Noack Michael Johannes , Derman Sonja Henny Maria
Published: December 2019

A gingival enlargement of unclear cause could only be diagnosed after interdisciplinary cooperation as plasma cell gingivitis of unknown origin. Interdisciplinary approaches remain crucial when diagnosing rare gum diseases.
Enhancement of the denitrification efficiency over low‐rank activated coke by doping with transition metal oxides
Authors: Ye Meng , Cheng Chungui , Li Yuran , Lin Yuting , Wang Xue , Chen Guanyi
Published: December 2019

Low‐rank activated coke (AC) is widely used for industrial flue gas purification due to its multipollutant cooperative removal capability. To enhance the denitrification capacity of AC for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3, several transition metal (Fe, Mn, Ce, V) oxides were uniformly loaded into AC by solvent impregnation. Compared to untreated AC, modified AC showed excellent denitrification efficiency above 90%. N2 adsorption‐desorption and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the pore size distribution and crystal structure of AC samples. The introduction of transition metal oxides had little effect on the pore structure of AC but increased the nitrogen‐containing functional groups, which facilitated NO removal. Moreover, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the valence changes of metal elements before and after denitrification. After the reaction, the content increase of the low‐valence metal oxides indicated that the transition metal oxides were involved in the reaction of NO with NH3. High‐valence metal oxides oxidized NO to NO2, which reacts more easily with NH3, thereby increasing the denitrification efficiency. Importantly, in the presence of SO2, modified AC still presented high denitrification performance. This transition metal oxides doping method can effectively improve the ability of low‐rank AC to remove NO in multi‐contaminant flue gas.
Stochastic geometry of network of randomly distributed moving vehicles on a highway
Authors: Dubosarskii Gleb , Primak Serguei , Wang Xianbin
Published: December 2019

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have become an extensively studied topic in contemporary research. One of the fundamental problems that has arisen in such research is understanding the network statistical properties, such as the cluster number distribution and the cluster size distribution. In this paper, we analyze these characteristics in the case in which vehicles are located on a straight road. Assuming the Rayleigh fading model and a probabilistic model of intervehicle distance, we derive probabilistic distributions of the aforementioned connectivity characteristics, as well as distributions of the biggest cluster and the number of disconnected vehicles. All of the results are confirmed by simulations carried out for the realistic values of parameters.
Bone marrow as a target and accomplice of vascular complications in diabetes
Authors: Santopaolo Marianna , Sambataro Maria , Spinetti Gaia , Madeddu Paolo
Published: December 2019

Peripheral vascular complications are common in diabetic patients. While pathogenic mechanisms have received much consideration, only recently regenerative processes captured attention. There is now a consensus that the bone marrow is a source of reparative cells and that this healing mechanism is lost in people with diabetes, especially in those suffering from ischemic complications. This failure was thought to occur due to a negative impact of diabetes on the mobilization of stem/progenitor cells with angiogenic properties from the bone marrow to the circulation. Moreover, those patients showing severely reduced bone marrow cell mobilization also bared a very high risk for adverse cardiovascular events. More recently, the structural integrity of the bone marrow was recognized to be altered because of the rarefaction of local microvasculature and innervation, thus mirroring anatomical features that typically occur in peripheral tissues. Ensuing hypoxia, nutrient starvation, and creation of an acidic and oxidative environment concur in causing the depletion of stem/progenitor cells in the endosteal niche and in forcing stromal cells to activate an adipogenesis program. Moreover, stem/progenitor cells acquire a pathogenic phenotype and, once mobilized, can pass harmful signalling molecules to vascular cells of peripheral tissues thereby contributing to ischemic complications. These new pieces of evidence indicate that the bone marrow should deserve more attention in the current care of critical limb ischemia and diabetic foot. Owing to powerful reserve capacities, the bone marrow integrity could be preserved and even rescued using rehabilitation programs and pharmacological treatments with consequent benefit for local and whole‐organism homeostasis.
Development, validation, and application of an LC–MS/MS method for mitragynine and 7‐hydroxymitragynine analysis in hair
Authors: Meier Ulf , Mercer‐Chalmers‐Bender Katja , Scheurer Eva , Dussy Franz
Published: December 2019

The entire scalp hair of a self‐declared Kratom consumer of 3 grams per day was acquired during an ethical committee approved study. As no values of the concentration in hair of the two Kratom alkaloids mitragynine or 7‐hydroxymitragynine were found in the literature, an already established method for the analysis of benzodiazepines/z‐substances was extended for the detection of mitragynine and 7‐hydroxymitragynine with LC–MS/MS, and successfully validated. The limits of detection and quantification for mitragynine were 2 pg/mg and 4 pg/mg, respectively. Those of 7‐hydroxymitragynine were 20 pg/mg and 30 pg/mg, respectively. The method was applied to the entire scalp hair, divided in 91 regions, of the study participant. A narrow mitragynine concentration distribution with values between 1054 pg/mg and 2244 ng/mg (mean 1517 ng/mg) and no clear scalp region associated distribution pattern was obtained. 7‐Hydroxymitragynine was not detected in any hair sample. After validation, the method was established as routine and subsequently 300 samples (mainly abstinence controls for drugs of abuse) were analyzed, allowing the investigation of the prevalence of Kratom consumption in our population. None of the analyzed routine hair samples were positive for mitragynine or 7‐hydroxymitragynine, providing no evidence that Kratom consumption is prevalent in the investigated population.
Rapid reversal of a potentially constraining genetic covariance between leaf and flower traits in Silene latifolia
Authors: Steven Janet C. , Anderson Ingrid A. , Brodie Edmund D. , Delph Lynda F.
Published: December 2019

Genetic covariance between two traits generates correlated responses to selection, and may either enhance or constrain adaptation. Silene latifolia exhibits potentially constraining genetic covariance between specific leaf area (SLA) and flower number in males. Flower number is likely to increase via fecundity selection but the correlated increase in SLA increases mortality, and SLA is under selection to decrease in dry habitats. We selected on trait combinations in two selection lines for four generations to test whether genetic covariance could be reduced without significantly altering trait means. In one selection line, the genetic covariance changed sign and eigenstructure changed significantly, while in the other selection line eigenstructure remained similar to the control line. Changes in genetic variance–covariance structure are therefore possible without the introduction of new alleles, and the responses we observed suggest that founder effects and changes in frequency of alleles of major effect may be acting to produce the changes.
Contrast‐induced nephropathy after cardiac resynchronization therapy implant impairs the recovery of ejection fraction in responders
Authors: Strisciuglio Teresa , Ammirati Giuseppe , Pergola Valerio , Imparato Livio , Carella Cristina , Koci Elisabeta , Chiappetti Rosaria , Abbate Fabio Giovanni , La Fazia Vincenzo Mirco , Viggiano Aniello , Trimarco Bruno , Rapacciuolo Antonio
Published: December 2019

Aims

Data regarding contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implant are limited. We aimed to investigate the incidence and determinants of CIN and its impact on CRT response and outcomes.

Methods and results

Patients who underwent CRT implant were retrospectively analysed, and CIN was defined as an increase of serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL or ≥1.5 times the baseline value. Response to CRT was defined as a reduction of left ventricle end‐systolic volume (LVESV) of 15% or the increase of five percentage points in ejection fraction (EF) as assessed by echocardiography at 6 months. Follow‐up visits were scheduled at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Contrast‐induced nephropathy occurred in 13/107 patients (12%). Among baseline clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory characteristics, only a high baseline serum creatinine was associated with the occurrence of CIN. Symptoms, EF, and LVESV at 6 months improved in both CIN and non‐CIN patients, and the rate of responders to CRT was similar. Among responders, at 6 months, those with CIN had significantly lower EF (28.5% vs. 35.7% P = 0.003).

At a median follow‐up of 112 weeks, 43% of patients experienced a clinical event with similar incidence in CIN and non‐CIN patients, and likewise survival was similar. Non‐responders to CRT had worse survival while among responders those with CIN had worse survival than non‐CIN patients (71% vs. 90%, P = 0.0035).

Conclusions

The incidence of CIN is rather high. Although CIN does not influence response to CRT overall, however among responders impairs the recovery of EF and survival.
The impact of land surface temperatures on suprapermafrost groundwater on the central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Huang Kewei , Dai Junchen , Wang Genxu , Chang Juan , Lu Yaqiong , Song Chunlin , Hu Zhaoyong , Ahmed Naveed , Ye Renzheng
Published: December 2019

To investigate the influences of land surface temperatures (LSTs) on suprapermafrost groundwater discharge, a river valley was selected in a typical permafrost region of Fenghuoshan (FHS) watershed on the central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. We developed a two‐dimensional model to simulate the suprapermafrost groundwater seasonal dynamics controlled by LSTs and the changing trends under a warming climate scenario (3°C/100 year). We calibrated key parameters of our model by the field observations at FHS watershed and analysed the relationship between the different LSTs and the suprapermafrost groundwater discharge dynamics in the active layer. The results show that (a) by changing the permeability of the active layer, the LSTs have a significant effect on the suprapermafrost groundwater discharge. A higher LST causes more suprapermafrost groundwater discharge, resulting in a different discharge pattern and affecting the ability to replenish the nearby river in the permafrost area. (b) Under a warming climate, the most obvious change in the suprapermafrost groundwater occurs in the freeze initiation period (from October to December), and there is a significant increase in the suprapermafrost groundwater discharge rate. This study reveals that the LST has a controlling effect on the seasonal dynamics of shallow groundwater systems in permafrost regions, indicating that the impact of local topography on the suprapermafrost groundwater should not be ignored in suprapermafrost groundwater simulations. Moreover, the warming simulation results demonstrate that the freezing season is the significant transformation period of suprapermafrost groundwater dynamics under future climate change, which can be used to better understand hydrological and ecological process changes in permafrost regions under climate warming.
Do fiscal rules reduce government borrowing costs in developing countries?
Authors: Thornton John , Vasilakis Chrysovalantis
Published: December 2019

We examine whether adopting a numerical fiscal rule framework to guide fiscal policy helped reduce the cost of borrowing by governments in a sample of 61 low‐ and middle‐income countries for 1985–2017, 24 of which adopted such rules. We address the self‐selection problem of policy adoption by applying a variety of propensity score matching methods and show that the average treatment effect of fiscal rules on government borrowing costs is quantitatively quite large and statistically significant in rule adopting countries. We also find that the presence of institutional arrangements to strengthen fiscal rules results in a larger reduction in borrowing costs than is the case without these arrangements, which is consistent with strong rules adding to the credibility of the fiscal policy framework.
Multiple‐Dispatching Based on Automata
Authors: Chen Weimin , Turau Volker
Published: December 2019

We present a novel technique for multiple‐dispatching. In object‐oriented programming languages, multiple‐dispatching provides increased expressive power over single‐dispatching by guiding method lookup using the values of all arguments instead of the receiver only. However, the efficient implementation for multiple‐dispatching is still critical with regard to its success as a standard. There have been several time‐efficient dispatching techniques proposed, but they are very space consuming. In this article, we transform multiple‐dispatching into a lookup automaton problem. Analysis and experiments show that our approach is space‐efficient while providing the same time‐efficiency as the previous known techniques. Moreover, we present a technique to further minimize the space‐complexity of lookup automata.
Modular Atomic Objects
Authors: Guerraoui Rachid
Published: December 2019

A worthwhile approach to achieve transaction atomicity within object‐based distributed systems is to confine concurrency control and recovery mechanisms within the shared objects themselves. Such objects, called atomic objects, enhance their modularity and can increase transaction concurrency. Nevertheless, when designed independently, atomic objects can be incompatible, and if combined, do not ensure transaction atomicity anymore. It has been shown that atomic objects can be incompatible when they assume different Global Serialization Protocols (GSPs). We deal with the incompatibility problem by introducing a property of atomic object specifications, named o‐atomicity, which is orthogonal to the GSP. Objects that guarantee this property achieve transaction atomicity, whatever the GSP may be. Such objects are compatible, not only with each others, but also with atomic objects that guarantee previously defined GSP‐dependent properties, i.e. static atomicity, dynamic atomicity or hybrid atomicity. This is very desirable since most of existing object‐based distributed systems rely on these properties. To show how o‐atomicity can be ensured, we propose a generic implementation within an object‐oriented framework, which we illustrate through a simple banking application.
Experiences in the Implementation of a Process‐centered Software Engineering Environment Using Object‐Oriented Technology
Authors: Bandinelli Sergio , Baresi Luciano , Fuggetta Alfonso , Lavazza Luigi
Published: December 2019

Software engineering environments (SEEs) pose complex and critical requirements to the supporting repositories. Object‐oriented Database Management Systems (ODBMSs) are expected to provide suitable features to successfully address these issues. SPADE is a process‐centered SEE being developed at CEFRIEL and Politecnico di Milano. SPADE is built on top of an OODBMS and features process modeling and enactment, management of process data and facilities to integrate development tools. This article reports the experiences gained by the authors in defining the requirements for SPADE's process data repository, and in assessing six different OODBMSs against these requirements. The assessment has been carried out through several prototypes and within the context of the ESPRIT project GoodStep.
Non‐GAAP earnings disclosure post 2010 SEC regulation change
Authors: Henry Theresa F. , Weitz Rob R. , Rosenthal David A.
Published: December 2019

In this article, we explore the disclosure of non‐GAAP earnings by large, publicly traded companies, and the possible impact of the 2010 change in Regulation G and S‐K on corporate reporting behavior. The reporting of non‐GAAP earnings measures is not required for public companies, nor are these measures audited. There exists considerable leeway in the manner and extent to which companies can report and calculate non‐Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) earnings. Not surprisingly, non‐GAAP reporting standards are a concern for regulators trying to uphold the consistency and comparability of financial reporting. We collected the fourth quarter earnings releases of Standard and Poor's (S&P) 100 companies for the years 2010 through 2016 to study their reported annual non‐GAAP earnings disclosures, if any. Adjustments made to GAAP earnings were classified into eight common categories (e.g., Restructuring Charges, Tax Related Benefits/Charges) in order to calculate the magnitude, materiality, and nature of the adjustments reported. Our analysis shows that the number of companies reporting non‐GAAP earnings increased over our period of study, with a significant increase occurring after the 2010 liberalization of the Regulation G rules. We found an increase in all categories of adjustments and that most were −10% to +10% of net income. The median values of adjustments were positive in almost all the categories indicating non‐GAAP adjustments generally increase non‐GAAP net earnings. We observed many instances of companies reporting the same category of non‐GAAP earnings over multiple years. Further, we find that companies that do not report non‐GAAP earnings have higher market capitalizations than non‐GAAP earnings reporters. This study contributes to the research of non‐GAAP earnings reporting with an extensive analysis of the disclosure, the nature and magnitude of adjustments companies report, and the characteristics of those companies that choose to disclose.
Cover Image, Volume 95, Issue 1
Authors: Mohan Harshavardhan , Lim Jeong‐Muk , Lee Se‐Won , Cho Min , Park Yool‐Jin , Seralathan Kamala‐Kannan , Oh Byung‐Taek
Published: December 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article V2O5/RGO/Pt nanocomposite on oxytetracycline degradation and pharmaceutical effluent detoxification by Mohan, H et al., DOI: 10.1002/jctb.6238.

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