bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Problems of DNA-Barcoding the Shads of genus Alosa (Alosidae) of the Ponto-Caspian Basin
Authors: Orlova S. Yu. , Emelyanova O. R. , Nebesikhina N. A. , Rabazanov N. I. , Orlov A. M.
Published: October 2024

Numerous studies show that species identification of representatives of the genus Alosa using various genetic markers is often difficult and the search for more specific biomarkers is required. For the first time we analyzed polymorphism of COI gene fragment of mitochondrial DNA of two representatives of this genus (A. tanaica and A. kessleri), supplemented with new data on A. immaculata, from the waters of the Ponto-Caspian basin in comparative aspect with other representatives of the herring (Clupeoidea) genera Alosa, Clupea, Clupeonella, Sprattus, and Sardinops. The main result was the conclusion that within the genus Alosa, it is not possible to identify species using the marker used. On the one hand, specimens collected from morphologically distinct individuals and identified as different species have the same haplotypes. On the other hand, samples belonging to different species differ from each other by an insignificant number of nucleotide substitutions and do not form independent clades on the phylogram and haplotype network. This indicates the absence of genetic differentiation between the studied samples of herrings of genus Alosa into separate species and species groups when using DNA barcoding based on the COI gene. The reasons for such a phenomenon may be the following: 1) incorrect identification of species in catches, since shads (Alosidae) have high morphological flexibility and in many species, the main external morphological characters often overlap; 2) recent time of speciation by the standards of biological evolution for shads of genus Alosa; 3) difference in proportion of interspecific hybrids, which can vary significantly between populations of the same species.
Methods to quantify active substances in hawthorn berries and hawthorn berry medicinal products
Authors: Shefer Elena P. , Antonova Natalia P. , Semenova Natalia E. , Golomazova Tatyana А. , Kakhramanova Sabina D. , Prokhvatilova Svetlana S. , Kuchugurin Sergey А.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation requires that the total flavonoid content in hawthorn berries and hawthorn tincture should be determined using spectrophotometry. The current analytical procedure has significant limitations, including low selectivity, poor accuracy, and inability to determine the components of active substances individually. These limitations can be eliminated by using other instrumental methods. In a previous paper, the authors proposed an analytical procedure for the quantitative determination of active substances in hawthorn flowers by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). With the similar chemical compositions of hawthorn flowers and berries, a similar analytical procedure can be developed to determine the total flavonoid content in hawthorn berries and hawthorn tincture.
Aim. This study aimed to develop an HPLC procedure to determine the total flavonoid content in hawthorn berries and hawthorn tincture; additionally, the authors aimed to suggest approaches to harmonising the methods for the quantitative determination of active substances in hawthorn berries with the methods outlined in the leading pharmacopoeias.
Materials and methods. The study focused on the Hawthorn Berries and Hawthorn Tincture herbal medicines from Russian manufacturers. The authors used HPLC on an Infinity II 1260 DAD chromatograph, spectrophotometry on an Agilent 8453E spectrophotometer, and acid–base titration. The sample preparation procedure involved using a continuous extraction apparatus. The loss on drying was determined using a drying chamber. Quercetin dihydrate CRS (European Pharmacopoeia) was used as a reference standard.
Results. A comprehensive review of the approaches of the leading pharmacopoeias to the standardisation of assays for hawthorn berries showed the potential for developing a selective analytical procedure for flavonoid quantification by HPLC. The review demonstrated that it was feasible to standardise procyanidins, expressed as cyanidin chloride. The authors considered it unnecessary to introduce an analytical procedure to determine the organic acids in hawthorn berries, similar to that required by the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation since the berries of Russian officinal species have much lower organic acid levels than the berries of the hawthorn species described in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China.
Conclusions. The authors suggested and validated an HPLC procedure to determine the total flavonoid content, expressed as hyperoside, in hawthorn berries and hawthorn tincture and recommended that the pharmacopoeia monograph on hawthorn berries should include the quantitative determination of procyanidins, expressed as cyanidin chloride.
Application of yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ), and NiO precursors for fabrication of composite materials for anode-supported SOFCs
Authors: Agarkova E. A. , Burmistrov I. N. , Yalovenko D. V. , Zadorozhnaya O. Yu. , Nepochatov Yu. K. , Rabotkin S. V. , Solovyev A. A. , Bredikhin S. I.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, optimization of the manufacturing technology of bilayer supporting anode substrates for planar solid oxide fuel cells using precursors is carried out. The bilayer supporting anode substrates for the second generation planar SOFCs were fabricated by tape casting technique. In order to prepare a composite material for a current-collecting layer containing 60 vol. % NiO and a functional layer containing 40 vol. % NiO (proportions were chosen due to percolation theory), nickel sulfate heptahydrate NiSO4·7H2O was used. The composite mixture of 8YSZ/NiSO4 was calcined at a temperature of 1000°С. Application of NiO precursor led to the obtaining of a strong anode substrate that retains mechanical stability during redox cycling. The fine dispersion of NiO in a thin functional layer led to a high density of three-phase boundaries, which positively affected the electrochemical activity of the anode. Model samples of solid oxide fuel cells were made on the base of the manufactured anode substrates, its electrochemical behavior was investigated using standard electrochemical techniques. The power density at an operating temperature of 750°С was 1 Wt/cm2.
Study of the formation features of Pt(0) nanoparticles at the interface of nickel-aqueous solution of reagents under sild conditions and their electrocatalytic properties in hydrogen evolution reaction during water electrolysis in an alkaline medium
Authors: Kaneva M. V. , Gulina L. B. , Tolstoy V. P.
Published: October 2024

The article explores the features of Pt(0) nanoparticle formation at the interface of nickel-aqueous solution of reagents and a similar interface containing nanoflakes of Co(OH)2. The synthesis was carried out under Successive Ionic Layers Deposition (SILD) conditions, and solutions of Na2PtCl6, CoCl2, and NaBH4 were used as the reagents. Pt(0) nanolayers were produced on the nickel surface using Na2PtCl6 and NaBH4 solutions, and for Co(OH)2 nanolayers CoCl2 and NaBH4 solutions were used. Structural chemical studies of the samples synthesized were performed by HRTEM, FESEM, EDX, SAED, XPS, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that Pt(0) nanolayers consist of separate nanoparticles, while Co(OH)2 nanolayers consist of nanoflakes. The main attention in the work is paid to the formation features of Pt(0) nanoparticles on a nickel surface to which a nanolayer of Co(OH)2 was previously applied. The study of the electrocatalytic properties of such samples in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during water electrolysis in the alkaline medium showed that the best properties are exhibited by nanoparticles synthesized after 20–40 SILD cycles and on nickel substrates with Co(OH)2 nanolayers applied in advance. Also, it was found that among these samples the best properties are displayed by those containing Co(OH)2 layers synthesized after 5 SILD cycles. One of the best examples of this series was obtained from 40 SILD cycles and is characterized by the overpotential value at 29 mV of current density at 10 mA/cm2, the Tafel slope value at 29.5 mV/dec, and high stability of these values at multiple cycle potential. It is noted that the Pt(0) nanoparticles synthesized after 40 SILD cycles are 4–8 nm in size and are located on the surface of the nanoflakes at a distance of about 10 nm from each other for the nickel foam sample, on the surface of which a Co(OH)2 nanolayer was synthesized as a result of 5 SILD cycles. These features contribute to the formation of a set of Pt(0) nanoparticle contact points with the surface of Co(OH)2 nanoflakes, which determines the high electrocatalytic activity and stability of properties of such structures.
Quantitative Diagnosis of Connection Fault for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on IC Curves and Correlation Analysis
Authors: Liang Yixing , Wu Wei , Chen Zhen , Pan Ershun
Published: October 2024

Among the various types of faults in battery systems, connection faults are among the most common and serious. Accurate diagnosis of connection faults is crucial for improving the safety and performance of battery systems, as undetected connection faults can lead to inefficiencies, potential failures, and safety hazards. This study proposes a novel quantitative diagnosis method for detecting connection faults using incremental capacity (IC) curves and correlation analysis. Firstly, the morphological changes in the IC curves caused by connection faults at various charging rates are analyzed. Next, correlation analysis between the IC curves of adjacent cycles is performed to quantify the translation degree caused by connection faults. This allows for the estimation of fault resistance. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the proposed diagnostic methods, demonstrating high precision in connection fault detection. The proposed method enables rapid diagnosis of battery connection faults across various charging rates, showing excellent potential for real applications in battery management systems.
Noise immunity of QAM-OFDM signal reception using soft-decision demodulation in the presence of narrowband interference
Authors: Paramonov A. A. , Chu V. V.
Published: October 2024

Objectives. The aim of this paper is to study the noise immunity of digital information transmission in systems with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) of subcarriers in the presence of narrowband interference. As a way of managing this interference, the paper studies the use of a demodulator with soft outputs and subsequent decoding of the convolutional code and low-density paritycheck (LDPC) code used in the system.

Methods. The results presented in the article were obtained using statistical radio engineering, mathematical statistics, encoding theory, and computer modeling.

Results. The paper presents a simple method for calculating soft bit estimates in the M-point signal QAM demodulator, where M is an even power of two. A considerable amount of numerical results were obtained which show the dependence of the transmitted information bit error rate on M, as well as on the signal-to-noise ratio, signal-to-narrowband interference, and code rates.

Conclusions. It can be concluded from the above results that the use of encoding with soft demodulator decisions significantly improves the noise immunity of OFDM signal reception, and enables narrowband interference to be managed efficiently. LDPC encoding is superior to convolutional encoding in increasing the noise immunity of OFDM signal reception both in the absence and in the presence of narrowband interference. Along with the use in QAM-OFDM systems, the proposed simple method for demodulating QAM signals with soft decisions can be used in any wireless communication system using M-position QAM signals, where M is 2 to an even power.
Noise immunity of signal reception with multiple frequency-shift keying against retransmitted interference
Authors: Troitskaya A. E. , Polevoda Yu. A. , Kulikov G. V.
Published: October 2024

Objectives. Radio engineering information transmission systems are widely used in robotic systems employed in various military and civilian services. If such systems are used in a harsh environment, where a large amount of retransmitted interference occurs, for example, if a complex is buried under rubble or is located in reinforced concrete pipes or other utility facilities, communication with the command post may be lost. Thus, the task of maintaining reliable communications under difficult conditions of radio wave propagation is very urgent. In the field of telecommunications, multiposition types of modulation are widely used, which, despite their good spectral characteristics, provide low noise immunity under conditions of nonfluctuating interference, especially in cases of retransmitted interference. Therefore, it is relevant to explore the possibility of using multiple frequency-shift keying (M-FSK) signals in radio systems with complex interference environments. The paper sets out to analyze the noise immunity of coherent reception of M-FSK signals against the background of retransmitted interference.

Methods. Statistical radio engineering and mathematical modeling methods are used according to the theory of optimal signal reception.

Results. A model of the M-FSK signal and retransmitted interference is provided. The statistical parameters of the distributions of random processes occurring in a multichannel coherent receiver of M-FSK signals against retransmitted interference are obtained; based on this, the bit error rate is calculated when receiving M-FSK signals of different positionality M against retransmitted interference with different intensities.

Conclusions. The impact of retransmitted interference is shown to result in a decrease in the noise immunity of M-FSK signal reception, which is greater the higher its intensity. With increasing positionality of M-FSK signals at low intensity of retransmitted interference, the noise immunity of reception is significantly improved; however, high-intensity interference significantly increases the bit error rate. The presence of interference with a relative intensity of 0.5 causes energy losses from 4 to 6 dB depending on the positionality. When M > 4, M-FSK signals gain significantly in terms of noise immunity over signals with multiple phase-shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, and amplitude and phase-shift keying.
A conceptual approach to digital transformation of the educational process at a higher education institution
Authors: Kytmanov A. A. , Gorelova Yu. N. , Zykova T. V. , Pikhtilkova O. A. , Pronina E. V.
Published: October 2024

Objectives. The research aims to develop a conceptual approach to the digital transformation of university educational processes. The approach is based on a detailed analysis of the stages, participants, and components of the educational process at universities in order to develop a roadmap for digitalization and the development of a datadriven educational process management system. The main objectives of digital transformation are: (1) improve convenience for all groups of end users by providing access to data and operations with data related to the educational process; (2) increase the transparency of all components of the educational process; (3) release human and time resources by minimizing routine operations and improving the quality of decisions. The development of a data-driven educational process management system is based on digital culture principles of process management, which imply that the data collected in university systems are consistent, organized into a single structure. and stored in a form convenient for the development of new digital services. The development of tools for intelligent decision support and learning analytics is executed cooperatively by developers, analysts, and end users at all levels.

Methods. The research considers the work experience of the authors and their colleagues in Russian and international universities as users of information systems and services, developers of educational analytics services, and managers at various levels, as well as the stages of university digital transformation.

Results. The proposed conceptual approach increases comprehension by setting goals and organizing the planning of digital transformation processes in education. As well as providing a detailed description of the major participants and components of the educational process, comprising students, teachers and educational programs, the article discusses data selection criteria.

Conclusions. The development of a conceptual approach for creating a data-driven educational process management system at a university is becoming a priority task, whose successful execution will underpin further university advancement and competitiveness.
The In Vivo Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Test: Pandemic Reemergence of Robin Fåhraeus’s “Fibrin Coagula”
Authors: Forsdyke Donald
Published: October 2024

In the pre-antibiotic era, infections were usually more frequent and serious than today. Robin Fåhraeus examined the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, which was normally carried out _in vitro _with freshly drawn blood. His extensive studies on the mechanism and physiological significance of the enhanced sedimentation of erythrocyte aggregates in disease included its _in vivo _simulation. This led him to propose an explanation for the finding of long white strips (“fibrin coagula”) within the blood vessels of those who had died from infections. The surge of serious infections in pandemic times has likely kindled a reemergence. His speculations that the importance of the serum-dependent red blood cell (RBC) aggregation phenomenon extends beyond the clinic, has led to immunologically significant entropic interpretations of infection-associated aggregations, both cellular (e.g., RBCs) and macromolecular (i.e., polymerizations).
A New Record of Elymnias Caudata Butler, 1871 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Nagpur in Central India
Authors: Gajbe Pawan , Salame Bhavna H.
Published: October 2024

Urban areas harbour diverse butterfly species in isolated and fragmented habitats such as parks, remnants of natural and semi-natural habitats and other such green areas. An Indian endemic nymphalid butterfly species, Elymnias caudata Butler, 1871 (tailed palmfly), has mostly been reported from south-western parts of the southern region of India. According to the previous record, this species is unknown from Nagpur, a city in Central India. Here, Elymnias caudata is recorded from Nagpur for the first time, and it shows that the distribution range of this species is wider than previously known. This is the northernmost record of Elymnias caudata in India.
A Complete Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Oldani Richard
Published: October 2024

We hypothesize that quantum mechanics is incomplete because it does not take into consideration the absorption of energy by quantum systems as described by matrix mechanics. To be complete quantum mechanics must include both matrix and wave mechanics, and due to the conservation of energy the first (absorption) must be carried out to completion before the second one (emission) can begin. The combined model of matrix and wave mechanics integrates naturally with Einstein’s use of independent coordinate systems K and K’ to describe the absorption and emission of radiation. All subsequent mathematical models are versions of this physical model.
El contrabando interno de tabaco durante la Independencia y los inicios de la República en la Nueva Granada, 1810 – 1828
Authors: Pita Pico Roger
Published: October 2024

Dentro del marco de la historia económica y la historia judicial, y con base en la consulta de fuentes documentales de archivo, el propósito fundamental de este artículo es analizar los alcances del contrabando interno de tabaco durante las guerras de Independencia y la primera década de vida republicana en la Nueva Granada. Para ello, se examinará en detalle el marco normativo y las acciones implementadas por el Estado para combatir esta práctica. Ante la limitación de recursos y ante la escasa capacidad logística de la estructura de vigilancia dispuesta a través de los guardas de la renta en el extenso territorio neogranadino, los contrabandistas perfeccionaron sus métodos y fueron varias las estrategias empleadas en el afán por evadir el accionar de los dispositivos de control y librarse de toda responsabilidad llegando incluso a optar por el soborno y las reacciones violentas. La frecuencia de este tráfico ilegal reflejaba un problema social de fondo, pues varios individuos vieron en el cultivo y venta clandestina de ese producto una alternativa económica de subsistencia en medio de una etapa de transición en la cual fueron evidentes los estragos de la guerra. Varias fueron las inconsistencias en los fallos judiciales ante los problemas procedimentales y los vacíos en la norma, aunque la intención fue fijar penas que generaran escarmiento y procurar que los defraudadores enmendaran sus faltas.
Codification of Peaceful Coexistence Principles in the UN
Authors: Potočný Miroslav
Published: October 2024

The Un General Assembly has concerned itself since 1962 with the codification and progressive development of the principles of international law relating to friendly relations and co-operation among states in accordance with the UN Charter. The XXth General Assembly adopted - on the initiative of socialist and non-aligned countries - resolution 2103/XX which for the first time expressly assumed and interpreted the viewpoints held by the delegation of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic ever since the question came up. To start with, the General Assembly declared that the task of the UN in this sphere lied not only in mere study of principles but un their codification and progressive development.
Sentiments Unleashed : Pioneering the Frontier of Sentiment Analysis through Cutting-Edge Applications and Methodologies
Authors: Ravi Lourdusamy  , Prabakaran Thangavel  , Johnbosco S
Published: October 2024

Sentiment analysis is a powerful tool within Natural Language Processing (NLP), assists businesses and researchers in discerning the emotions, attitudes, and beliefs conveyed in written language. The increasing availability of textual data, including social media posts, product reviews, and customer feedback, has driven a significant increase in the demand for sentiment analysis. The primary goal is to uncover underlying emotions expressed through diverse word combinations, sentences, or paragraphs. By scrutinizing language nuances, it identifies a wide range of emotions, from joy and sadness to criticism and admiration. This profound understanding, facilitated by sentiment analysis, provides valuable insights into public perception, market trends, and consumer behaviours, empowering businesses to refine strategies, improve products, and enhance customer experiences. As sentiment analysis tools and techniques continue to advance, they present opportunities for progress, assisting businesses in navigating shifts in public opinion and enabling researchers to delve into the intricacies of human expression through text. With the continuous surge in textual data, sentiment analysis retains its significance in guiding stakeholders from diverse industries toward informed decisions and a comprehensive understanding of human sentiment. This research explores advanced approaches in sentiment analysis, including machine learning, lexicon-based methods, hybrid and ontology-based models, and multi-modal techniques, examining various levels, classifications, and methodologies.
TEM FUGIDO MAIS DE UMA VEZ E MUDA SEMPRE O NOME:
Authors: Sousa Talyta Marjorie Lira
Published: October 2024

Este artigo analisa as representações sobre os escravizados na seção de anúncios de fuga nos periódicos piauienses do século XIX. Destacaremos a distribuição dos anúncios ao longo deste século, identificaremos quais os tipos de fugas praticadas nesta província e faremos uma análise no que diz respeito ao perfil dos escravizados: nome, faixa etária, sexo, naturalidade, cor, descrição dos olhos, nariz e boca, adjetivação de beleza, marcas de violência, condições de saúde, doenças e ofícios. Este trabalho foi constituído com base em pesquisa bibliográfica de base teórica e historiográfica em pesquisas produzidas sobre o tema, tais como: Thompson (1998), Freyre (2010), Schwarcz (2017), Reis e Silva (1989), Gomes (1996), entre outros autores. A pesquisa das fontes hemerográficas ocorreu no site do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Jornalismo e Comunicação (NUJOC), da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), e na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional. No que concerne à metodologia do processo investigativo, adotamos a pesquisa histórica descritiva, a partir da consulta e da análise da base documental, primeiro para mapear experiências passadas, localizar no tempo e no espaço os sujeitos, a fim de providenciar respostas para as questões levantadas. Ensejamos que este trabalho ajude a preencher as lacunas da historiografia referente ao estudo sobre a escravidão no Piauí, e contribua, enriqueça e excite o interesse de novos pesquisadores.
O “BRASIL PITORESCO” NA EXPOSIÇÃO UNIVERSAL DE LONDRES (1862)
Authors: Pinto Ana Paula Vieira , Leme Andre Luiz
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo visa analisar a construção da representação brasileira na Exposição Universal de Londres, em 1862, através do livro desenvolvido e publicado para esse evento. Nossas fontes são, portanto, o livro intitulado Brasil Pitoresco, de Charles Ribeyrilles, bem como o álbum fotográfico anexo a ele, também chamado de Brasil Pitoresco, de Victor Frond. Tanto o livro quanto o álbum fotográfico foram utilizados para construir uma representação histórica e imagética da nação, sempre priorizando o protagonismo da Família Imperial e de D. Pedro II. Iremos, portanto, problematizar as principais perspectivas de tais produções, dialogando com o contexto político, social e cultural da época.
PRÁTICA ESCRITURÍSTICA DE DAVID CALDAS NOS JORNAIS O AMIGO DO POVO E OITENTA E NOVE (1868-1875)
Authors: Paiva Dias Rodrigo Thadeu , Queiroz Teresinha de Jesus  Mesquita
Published: October 2024

David Caldas foi um proeminente jornalista, político e intelectual do Piauí oitocentista. Para além de sua atuação como republicano histórico – dimensão de sua existência mais explorada pela historiografia –, o autor foi um hábil intérprete de seu tempo. Através dos jornais O Amigo do Povo e Oitenta e Nove, busca-se neste trabalho analisar os escritos de Caldas publicados entre 1868 e 1875, percebendo-o como um sujeito histórico, que, através de sua atividade intelectual (como escritor, político e professor), buscou intervir no mundo que o rodeava.  Para tanto, são estabelecidos diálogos com pesquisadores como Teresinha Queiroz (2011), Vinicius Leão Araújo (2021), Thiago Krause e Rodrigo Goyena Soares (2022).
IMPRENSA GOIANA NO DECLÍNIO DO IMPÉRIO
Authors: Vieira Martha Victor
Published: October 2024

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar o conteúdo do debate ocorrido na imprensa goiana sobre as lavras do Abbade, localizada na cidade de Meia-Ponte. As atividades de mineração, que se iniciaram em 1881, após quatro, foram denunciadas pela Câmara municipal, devido à poluição que estava causando no Rio das Almas.  A imprensa goiana, agindo como uma “força mobilizadora” da opinião, como diria Bourdieu (2002), conferiu ampla repercussão aos argumentos utilizados pela Companhia Mineradora e pelas autoridades envolvidas, tendendo, todavia, a apoiar a causa da Companhia, que era tida como uma esperança do progresso material de Goiás. Insatisfeita com o andamento das denúncias, a elite meiapontense, juntamente com populares, se revoltou, em 1887, quebrando e incendiando as instalações da lavra.
LEI DE TERRAS (1850) E AS INVESTIDAS PARA DEMARCAÇÃO DAS TERRAS PÚBLICAS EM SERGIPE
Authors: Silva Sheyla Farias
Published: October 2024

Ao buscar conferir nova feição à estrutura fundiária do país, a Lei de Terras, versou sobre normas para acesso às propriedades, privilegiando a compra, possuía também a intenção de regularizar as sesmarias e posses e facilitar a comercialização das terras, além de situar as terras devolutas. Assim, no bojo dessas reflexões, este artigo objetiva historicizar a aplicação desta Lei, em especial no tocante a demarcação das terras públicas em Sergipe. Constatamos que, a aplicação deste novo ordenamento jurídico, ao que concerne à medição e à demarcação dos terrenos públicos, pouco avançou. Os minguados serviços de medição e demarcação destes terrenos realizados em Sergipe deveu-se pela falta de profissionais qualificados na província e da falta de verbas.
PRÁTICAS SOCIAIS IDEOLÓGICAS E HEGEMÔNICAS NAS RELAÇÕES POLÍTICO-RELIGIOSAS DO GOVERNO BOLSONARO
Authors: Araújo Júlio , Silva Antonio Edson Alves da
Published: October 2024

Neste estudo, nosso objetivo foi analisar as relações político-religiosas que fundamentaram a posição e o discurso do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro, considerando a prática social e as categorias teóricas de ideologia e hegemonia. O arcabouço teórico que sustenta este objetivo é derivado da Análise de Discurso Crítica, especialmente das obras de Fairclough (1989; 1992; 1997), bem como das contribuições de Magalhães (2005; 2017) e Resende e Ramalho (2004; 2005). Utilizamos uma abordagem empírica qualitativa e, direcionados por essa perspectiva, construímos os dados a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias, posts em redes sociais e reportagens relacionadas ao governo. Nossas principais fontes incluíram entrevistas concedidas à imprensa pelo ex-presidente e seus aliados, conteúdo divulgado em redes sociais e cobertura midiática sobre a interseção entre política e religião. O corpus de análise foi selecionado com base em critérios de relevância, temporalidade e diversidade de fontes, buscando assegurar uma análise abrangente e representativa. Os resultados do estudo indicam a presença de influências de origem evangélico-neopentecostal e a adoção de estratégias autoritárias de poder nas articulações e atuação governamental do ex-presidente.
HIGH PROTEIN BARS WITH INCREASED ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AS AN ALTERNATIVE PORTABLE NUTRITION IN THE GENERAL HEALTH SYSTEM
Authors: Бондаренко Владислав , Смагін Ігор , Худякова Світлана , Кондратюк Наталія , Маторіна Катерина
Published: October 2024

Proteins are considered the most important macronutrients for the human body. They perform many useful functions: participate in the formation of the immune system at the cellular level, help in the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, blood plasma proteins; synthesize antibodies that counteract pathogens; provide the body with energy, turning into amino acids when broken down. Despite the fact that proteins are contained in a variety of food products and raw materials and are divided into animal and vegetable proteins, the human body constantly experiences a lack of protein, because 100-150 g of its daily consumption is necessary for a complete replenishment. Most of the proteins take part in detoxification processes from xenobiotics, and some have a low level of assimilation, which creates a constant shortage of these useful nutritional components. The market of protein bars occupies a powerful niche in many food segments: health, fitness, dietary, vegetarian, sports, preventive, children's, etc. Bars are considered healthy snacks and belong to alternative portable nutrition for the purpose of maintaining carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, antioxidant, energy balance, quickly suppressing hunger and improving mood. Some assortment items are even recommended for weight loss. Protein consumption is well known to reduce levels of the hunger hormone ghrelin and help reduce food intake naturally. It should be noted that not all protein bars are made from useful, so-called "correct" ingredients. The content of at least 8 g of protein and 3 g of fiber per serving is considered an important sign of usefulness - the minimum satisfaction of nutritional needs. Today, several concepts of protein bars can be distinguished, among which protein bars for weight loss, for training (at various stages), energy bars, mini-snacks, portable meal options, ideal (high protein) are especially prevalent. Considering the uniqueness of protein bars, the undeniable relevance of their production, it is necessary to emphasize that there is a problem of disorganization of information regarding their classification, recommendations for the selection of ingredients, consumption, quality criteria and safety of production.
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ МОЛОЧНИХ СМУЗІ З ВІВСЯНИМИ Й ГРЕЧАНИМИ ПЛАСТІВЦЯМИ ТА ПЛОДОВО-ЯГІДНИМИ ПОРОШКАМИ
Authors: Дударєв Ігор , Панащук Тамара , Шемет Василина
Published: October 2024

Усе більше споживачів надають перевагу продуктам та напоям з натуральної сировини без доданого цукру. Широкого поширення з-поміж прихильників здорового харчування набувають смузі, які, переважно, виготовляють з різних комбінацій фруктів, ягід та овочів з додаванням соків, йогурту, молока тощо. Однак, фрукти, ягоди та овочі є сезонними продуктами, які внаслідок тривалого зберігання втрачають поживні речовини. Одним зі способів збереження поживних речовин у плодово-ягідній сировини є її перероблення у порошок шляхом сублімаційного сушіння. Таку сировину можна використовувати при виробництві харчових продуктів та напоїв, оскільки вона, крім збагачення їх корисними речовинами, надає їм смак і аромат свіжих фруктів та ягід, а також відповідне забарвлення. Також перспективним є використання для виробництва напоїв вівсяних та гречаних пластівців, що є джерелом мінеральних речовин та харчових волокон. Метою дослідження є розроблення смузі на основі молока коров’ячого з додаванням вівсяних та гречаних пластівців, а також плодово-ягідних порошків. Визначення фізико-хімічних показників смузі проводили з використанням стандартних методик, а органолептичних показників – з використанням експертного методу. Розроблені композиції смузі на основі молока коров’ячого з вівсяними та гречаними пластівцями, а також сублімованими плодово-ягідними порошками. Проведено оцінювання органолептичних показників (зовнішній вигляд, смак, колір, консистенція, запах) смузі та визначені їх основні фізико-хімічні показники. Встановлено, що вміст сухих речовин у напоях змінюється в межах 20,29–21,26%, а активна кислотність рН 4,77–5,90. Вміст поживних речовин у смузі: білки – 3,9–4,1 г/100 г; жири – 2,9–3,2 г/100 г; вуглеводи – 10,3–11,3 г/100 г. Енергетична цінність розроблених напоїв 81,8–86,3 ккал/100 г. Розроблені смузі дозволяють розширити асортимент комбінованих (з сировини рослинного та тваринного походження) безалкогольних напоїв з натуральної сировини без доданого цукру. Використання сублімованих рослинних порошків дозволяє отримати напої зі смаком та ароматом, які можуть задовольнити уподобання різних груп споживачів.
Rotten to the core? How internal stem damage varies vertically in savanna trees and is influenced by tree species, traits, and external damage pressures
Authors: Yatsko Abbey , Flores-Moreno Habacuc , Fitzgerald Michaela , Zanne Amy
Published: October 2024

1. Trees are important aboveground carbon sinks in savanna ecosystems, yet consumption of internal wood by decomposers (e.g., termites and microbes) creates uncertainties in tree biomass accounting. It remains unclear whether internal stem damage is constant or variable throughout the tree, making it uncertain if a lower stem sample reflects damage in the entire tree. Furthermore, total damage and damage location are likely influenced by external damage pressures (i.e., termites, microbes, and fire), tree species and tree traits (i.e., diameter at breast height (DBH), wood density), and their interactions. 2. We sampled internal damage in the lower stem of savanna trees in North Queensland, Australia to test for vertical variation in terms of proportional and absolute amount of damage. We compared damage estimates from a single-sample method, assuming constant damage, with a multi-sample method, assuming variable damage, to test how well one sample represents the lower stem. We investigated if tree species accumulated damage differently based on their traits (i.e., DBH and wood density) or susceptibility to external damage pressures (i.e., fire scarring and termite presence). Finally, we tested if external damage pressures differentially affected tree species and if this was mediated by tree traits. 3. The absolute amount, but not proportion, of damage decreased with higher vertical position on the stem. There was no difference in total stem damage between the single-sample and multi-sample methods. Species-specific variation in internal stem damage was influenced by DBH and wood density. Total damage was greatest in large trees, particularly those with external termite presence. Finally, external termite presence, but not fire scarring, differentially affected tree species and was most likely to occur on large, dense trees. 4. Synthesis. We demonstrated that a single sample effectively captured total internal damage in the lower stem. Although species differed in total damage, damage accumulation rates with height were consistent, suggesting a general relationship. By integrating the influence of external factors and tree traits, our findings underscore the importance of considering these elements for accurately estimating carbon stored in aboveground tree biomass.
Parental Stress in Home Education: A Case in the Philippines
Authors: Pastoril Julie Marie , Flores Maude Adan , Derecho Mia Janice , Espina Raymond , Capuno Reylan , Manguilimotan Ramil , Padillo Gengen , Cañete Janine Joy , Opingo Kaitlin Marie , Etcuban Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Parents had to deal with more stress during the COVID-19 epidemic as they balanced employment and at-home schooling. Many found it difficult to provide emotional support, adjust to new technology, and balance their children's academic demands. This revolutionary change put parental engagement to the test, frequently causing family relations to break down due to the stress of running home-based learning environments. This study aimed to determine the degree of parental stress in home education during the COVID-19 pandemic in the three identified public elementary schools in Cebu, Philippines, as a basis for crafting an action plan. This study was conducted by 150 parents whose children are enrolled in the three identified public elementary schools. It utilized a descriptive correlational method using an adapted survey questionnaire based on the study of Vermulst et al. (2011).  The collected data were statistically treated using frequency, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test of independence, and ANOVA. The study revealed a significant relationship between the respondents’ gender and stress levels. Also, the study shows that the degree of stress the respondents experienced differs when grouped by income. It is concluded that gender is associated with stress among parents. Mothers and fathers are relatively stressed about parenting amid the pandemic due to gender roles. Because of the pandemic, many families have exhausted the available resources to meet their daily needs. Each household has different needs, available resources, and support from the community. Thus, stress levels and coping strategies among parents and families also differ. The researchers highly recommend implementing the proposed action plans to address families' hurdles in parenting children at home.
Longing for a Home and the Role of Women in Louis L’Amour’s Narratives
Authors: Redmer Guy
Published: October 2024

This research explores relationships between Louis L'Amour's literary works and the Frontier Thesis, which defined the impact of the American frontier on national character and identity. The central theme of L’Amour’s literature is rugged individualism. This is described in some detail, analyzing how it is portrayed in his selected works. Primary focus is given to the longing for a home—a recurring but overlooked theme in L'Amour's narratives. By extension, the role of women in L'Amour's writings is highlighted. Women are depicted as crucial in the establishment of homes and communities on the frontier. Strong female characters in L'Amour's works embody the essence of homemaking and resilience on the frontier. Analysis of representative works by L'Amour show how the themes of rugged individualism, the longing for a home, and the role of women are woven together. A conclusion summarizes the key findings and discusses implications for understanding the American frontier experience through literature.
AI-Driven Predictive Modeling of US Economic Trends: Insights and Innovations
Authors: Reza E Rabbi Shawon  , Arifur Rahman  , Md Rafiqul Islam  , Pravakar Debnath  , Md Fakhrul Islam Sumon  , MD Azam Khan  , Mohammed Nazmul Islam Miah
Published: October 2024

While traditional economic forecasting models have significantly improved, a few significant obstacles must be overcome. Conventional methods include time series and econometric models, which may rely hugely on historical data and are underlain by linear assumptions. These models fail to handle sudden shifts in the market or unseen economic events, like the financial crisis of 2008 or the COVID-19 pandemic 2020. Traditional models also need help bottling the vast amounts of unstructured data available today: articles, social posts, and other real-time information streams that influence economic sentiment. The chief objective of this research project is to explore the efficacy of AI-driven predictive modeling in forecasting US economic trends. This research project involved a time series analysis of three key financial indicators: Most notably, the Consumer Price Index (CPIAUCSL), the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the Unemployment Rate (UNRATE). Datasets entailed the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI) from 1950 to the present, GDP: U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) quarterly, and UNRATE: US Unemployment Rate (UNRATE) from 1950 to the present. These datasets provided valuable insights into the US economy, and this analysis aims to explore trends, seasonality, and relationships between these variables over time. One of the most immediate benefits for policymakers and the U.S. government is the significant improvement in the accuracy and timeliness of economic forecasts enabled by AI-driven models such as the ARIMA and SARIMAX. Another vital implication of AI-driven economic forecasting is improving policy formulation based on more sophisticated scenario analysis and simulations. AI-driven forecasting facilitates more targeted and proactive policy intervention, which is helpful in such sector-specific issues or regional disparities in economic performance.
Identificación de reacciones adversas a medicamentos en adultos mayores polimedicados en una institución de tercer nivel en Cartagena, Colombia
Authors: Manrique Julio Elin , Larios Caro Juan , Garavito Vidal Samuel , Gonzalez Puerta Julia
Published: October 2024

Introducción: los pacientes mayores de 65 años son un grupo etario importante en el área de la salud debido a que representan una alta demanda en atención primaria por presentar enfermedades no transmisibles, tales como: hipertensión arterial, diabetes, enfermedad pulmonar crónica; que de no ser tratadas adecuadamente desembocan en complicaciones severas como: enfermedad cerebrovascular, infarto agudo de miocardio, insuficiencia renal, etc. Estas complicaciones son enfermedades de alto costo para el sistema de salud y deben ser atendidas en instituciones de alta complejidad, por lo cual, si no cuentan con un buen acompañamiento profesional intra y extrahospitalario, debido al número de fármacos con los cuales se encuentran usualmente medicados podría desencadenarse de manera individual diversos eventos que afectarían su salud y calidad de vida. Objetivo: identificar las reacciones adversas a medicamentos en pacientes mayores de 65 años, polimedicados y hospitalizados, en una institución de la costa caribe colombiana. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal con componente correlacional, a partir de las historias clínicas, en el periodo abril 2021 a abril 2022. Resultados: se detectaron 88 interacciones de las cuales el 60% fueron clasificadas como de gravedad moderada y 37% seria.  La RAM con mayor frecuencia de aparición fue la hipotensión más otros síntomas asociados los cuales estuvieron relacionados con los medicamentos cardiovasculares (62.3%), seguida de la hemorragia de vías digestivas con 30,2%.  A mayor número de medicamentos existe mayor probabilidad de desarrollar RAM’s (p= 0,023). Conclusión: es importante la supervisión continua y mejoras en los procesos de prescripción de medicamentos, como también en la coordinación y cuidado en el manejo de pacientes polimedicados mayores de 65 años con múltiples comorbilidades.
ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT OF COMPANIES AND NEW COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES
Authors: Velykykh K.
Published: October 2024

Global hyper-competition, characterised by accelerated dynamism, intensive knowledge, shared management, and openness to the future, poses challenges to companies. The proposed management accounting responses assume the form of criteria for an economic management system. These measurement criteria allow for determining the added financial value in every transaction, event, activity, area of ​​responsibility, and whole enterprise, enabling continuous evaluation of the company and all its management levels competitiveness in the value chain. This approach defines a general management model that is inherently effective in competitive environments.
Economic management relies on a logical structure that guides decision-making in each event. This structure forms a general model encompassing all company decisions, identifying variables that affect economic outcomes, and enabling the selection of the best alternatives. The company operates as an open, dynamic system focused on value creation through all solutions. The management process includes three main stages: planning, execution, and control.
The management process follows the management model of shared values and coordinated decentralisation, prepared by managers in the respective responsibility areas. Thus, economic management is the key to effective company management, ensuring adaptability and orientation to value creation in a rapidly changing environment.
The article aimed to develop recommendations for enterprises regarding the adaptation of their strategies and management systems in conditions of intense competition to ensure their sustainability and efficiency in the long term. In addition, the article emphasises the need for structural changes in companies in response to new challenges arising in the competitive environment.
During the research, we concluded that companies require constant adaptation of their strategies and management systems to meet the hyper-competition conditions, as adaptability contributes to the company’s sustainability in a changing environment. Developing new strategic policies allows companies to maintain efficiency in the long term (the organisation’s stability depends on its ability to respond to market changes). The need for structural changes in companies is a core factor for successfully responding to new challenges (changes in the organisation’s structure can improve its flexibility and adaptability).
The article proposes an organisational change model for implementing a competitive approach at all company management levels, characterising management, measurement, and decision-making models as internally effective in intense environmental variability conditions. The focus is on a search for the best alternative solutions based on their opportunity cost, which defines all entrepreneurial economic activity as fundamentally competitive.
Keywords: competitiveness, opportunity costs, value creation, economic management.