bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
US policy to Hong Kong after its handover to China
Authors: Veremeev N.
Published: October 2023

This article studies evolvement of the United States’ post-colonial Hong Kong (HK) policy from liberalism to realism. The author considers factors influencing this policy and differences between the White House/State Department and Congress in assessment of and reaction to developments in HK and responses to them. In 1992 Congress passed the United States-HK Policy Act which treated HK as a non-sovereign entity distinct from China, made the US a quasi-guarantor of HK’s autonomy and provided a framework for the advancement of US’s grand liberal strategy towards HK in pursuit of promotion of Western-style democracy in this special administrative region of China. During the first seventeen years after HK’s handover to China the US government paid little attention to HK and avoided public criticism of HK and China’s authorities over slow pace of territory’s democratization while some prominent anti-China hawks in Congress were unrestrained in such criticism. Pro-democracy protests of 2014 in HK did not alter US government’s cautious approach to HK. The Obama administration probably hoped for gradual democratic reforms in HK. Washington’s policy towards HK made a dramatic turn in 2018 on the back of rapidly deteriorating Sino-US relations after Donald Trump came to power. The Trump administration was disillusioned with the liberal agenda and was very eager to actively play a HK card against Beijing. Large scale 2019 protests/riots in HK, challenging China’s sovereignty over the territory, were publicly supported and in fact encouraged by top officials of the Trump administration and prominent Congressmen. After Beijing imposed the national security law (NSL) on HK in June 2020 anti-government movement was crashed. This prompted Trump to strip HK of certain privileges under the HK Policy Act. Due to NSL Washington lost many HK allies, its influence in the territory diminished and its ability to promote American democracy agenda was hampered. NSL signifies a final transition from American liberal strategy to realism vis-à-vis HK which is now fully covered by US’s China containment strategy. Washington will likely reduce its economic exposure to HK and use deep-seated anti-Beijing attitudes of some Hongkongers to undermine stability of this vulnerable territory of China.
Враг моего врага – мой друг? Haas M. Frenemies. When Ideological Enemies Ally. Cornell University Press, 2022. 306 p. Хаас М. Друзья поневоле. Когда идеологические противники вступают в союз. Корнелл юнивёрсити пресс, 2022. 306 с.
Authors: Еряшев Н. , Макарычева А.
Published: October 2023

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What Drives the West in Its Energy Policy?
Authors: Borovsky Yu.
Published: October 2023

In 2022, the countries united by the concept of “the West” imposed unprecedented energy sanctions on Russia, thereby reacting to Moscow's special military operation in Ukraine launched in February. This article presents a comprehensive study aimed at identifying the essential motives of the “collective West’s” energy policy. The first part of the paper gives an utilitarian vision of the problem in question. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite the U.S. shale revolution and the development of renewable energy sources, Western states, taken together, continue to depend heavily on oil and gas imports and, therefore, they are mostly driven in their energy policy by the need to neutralize the critical importance of hydrocarbons with a view to avoiding political and economic ramifications. The paper, in its second part, considers the Western energy policy at the tactical level where it can be either defensive or offensive as well as at the strategic level where the united West seeks mostly to effect energy transition. The article demonstrates that, from the perspective of international relations theory, the West’s energy policy in its tactical and strategic dimensions fits most into the realist concept. Basic liberal imperatives define it as a relatively feeble one whereas constructivism is not able to identify its objective patterns. Additional theoretical footholds in understanding the West’s motives in the field of energy supply are provided by the concepts of liberal interventionism and neoconservatism as well as by neo­Marxism. The latter sees the energy policy of the West through the prism of the struggle of states forming the "center", "periphery" and "semi­periphery" of the world.
Leaders Against the Backdrop of an Era
Authors: Sokolov A.
Published: October 2023

Лидер на фоне эпохи. Традиции и новации современного политического лидерства в странах Запада: Монография: к 80-летию факультета международных отношений / Л.С. Окунева. В.О. Печатнов, Н.К. Капитонова [и др.]; под ред. Л.С. Окуневой; Москва: МГИМО-Университет, 2022. — 660 с.
Heat transfer enhancement and applications of thermal energy storage techniques on solar air collectors: A review
Authors: AZEEZ Kafel , AHMED Riyadh Ibraheem , OBAID Zain Alabdeen , DJ AZZAWI Itimad
Published: October 2023

Solar air collectors have been used in a variety of industrial applications, prompting a study and summary of various studies on the topic. Solar collectors’ exceptional energy conversion and storage outputs have piqued curiosity in the field of energy research. The current review study focuses on solar thermal application advancements and provides an overview of thermal energy storage devices and solar collectors. This paper presents and discusses a variety of solar collectors, both concentrating and non-concentrating. The energy storage media utilized in these plants, phase change material with melting temperatures exceeding 300°C, was exam-ined. The goal of this study is to provide the necessary information for advanced investiga-tions in the development of cost-effective high-temperature thermal storage systems. Finally, a summary of the presentation, as well as potential solar power plants are reviewed.
Case report: Pseudoxanthomaelasticum
Authors: Gujrati Ritika
Published: October 2023

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare multisystem disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by progressive mineralization and fragmented, calcified elastic fibres of skin, eye and cardio-vascular system (CVS). It is due to the loss of functional mutation ABCC6 gene.

We report such a rare case of PXE with earliest skin manifestation and with no other ophthalmological and CVS findings.

This is a case report of 26 years old female complaining of 1 year history of asymptomatic yellow-orange raised lesions on right lateral side of neck.

On clinical examination, yellow-orange micro-papules coalescing to form plaques were noticed over right lateral side of neck. Fundoscopy revealed bilateral myopic degenerative changes with no other specific findings. Histopathology of said lesions showed atrophic epidermis with abnormal elastic fibres in the mid-dermis confirming the diagnosis. Course and prognosis were explained to the patient and she was advised regular follow-up.

PXE is rare in occurrence, with no definite and effective treatment. It has a good prognosis if retinal and cardio-vascular complications are regularly monitored and prevented.
Skin lesions as the dominant clinical sign in hyper eosinophilic syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kallan Febin , Pillai Rathish T
Published: October 2023

Hyper eosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a leukoproliferative disorder with persistently elevated eosinophils (>1500/µL) for more than six months. Most commonly affect skin, lungs, intestine, heart, kidneys, eyes, and peripheral nervous system. Dermatological manifestation is one of the significant clinical sign indicating the disease activity in HES and may be the only manifestation of hypereosinophilic syndrome.Therefore, early identification of the cutaneous lesions may help the clinicians to approach a definitive diagnosis and treatment.
Transporte 2050: el camino hacia la descarbonización y la resiliencia climática en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Calatayud Agustina , Rivas María Eugenia , Camacho Jessica , Beltrán Carlos , Ansaldo Mariano , Café Eduardo
Published: October 2023

Es tiempo de actuar. Los desafíos que presenta el Cambio Climático (CC) para la supervivencia de la humanidad requieren que la lucha contra este sea un pilar incuestionable de la política pública. Los análisis realizados por la comunidad científica indican que los países tienen menos de una década para reducir radicalmente sus emisiones y así poder evitar daños irreversibles en nuestro planeta. Para el sector transporte, uno de los mayores emisores de Gases de Efecto Invernadero a nivel mundial, la magnitud del desafío es enorme. Se requiere no solo cambiar las fuentes de energía sino también una reestructuración sistémica no vista a lo largo de su historia. Además, este cambio debe estar en plena marcha hacia 2030, prácticamente en poco más de un lustro. A través del Acuerdo de París, los países de América Latina y el Caribe se han comprometido a reducir sus emisiones para 2030. Ahora es el momento de implementar acciones para cumplir con este compromiso. Sin embargo, en términos generales, la región está aún muy lejos de los desarrollos de política pública que se observan en otras geografías. Esto es aplicable a todos los modos de transporte: terrestre, aéreo, marítimo y movilidad urbana. Esta brecha también se verifica en la preparación de las infraestructuras y servicios a los eventos climáticos extremos que trae consigo el calentamiento global. En este contexto, el presente informe analiza el estado del transporte como sujeto activo y pasivo del CC, identifica brechas respecto a los países que están a la vanguardia de la transformación del sector a nivel mundial y propone recomendaciones de política basadas en las buenas prácticas de tales países y en el concepto de transición justa, a fin de construir una arquitectura institucional y de políticas aplicadas al transporte para acelerar el paso en el cambio sistémico que necesita el sector y lograr cumplir con los objetivos internacionales.
NOVEDADES COLOMBIANAS EN SCHEFFLERA (ARALIACEAE)
Authors: Ramírez Padilla Bernardo Ramiro
Published: October 2023

Se describen e ilustran dos nuevas especies de Araliaceae [Schefflera munchiquensis y Schefflera awa] propias del sur de la cordillera Occidental de Colombia. Las nuevas especies pertenecen al grupo Sciodaphyllum que comprende cerca de 175 especies distribuidas desde el nivel del mar hasta cerca de los 3500 m. de altitud en Centroamérica, los Andes, Jamaica y el altiplano Guayanés. Adicionalmente se registran dos especies [Schefflera diplodactyla Harms y Schefflera epiphytica A. C. Smith] para la flora de Colombia.
Education, Upbringing and Socialization: Resemblance and Differences of the Notions
Authors:   Saratov State University, Ruchin V.A.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to theorizing notions, meaningful for creation of the optimal model of the youth socialization in the transitive period of the Russian society. The resemblance and differences of the process, aimed at the human development, are substantiated and the meaning of the notion «education» as a universal phenomenon is defined. The specific aspects of the phenomenon «education» as well as the notions upbringing and socialization are taken into considerationon the basis of its interpretation of «wide» and «narrow» meanings of the phenomena education in frames of its functionality.
The Correlation of Emotional Intelligence Qualities and Management Effectiveness
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kravtsova A.C.
Published: October 2023

This article tells about researches of the emotional intelligence qualities of the leaders of the organizations, that took place in 2009.The examples of the foreign test measuring emotional intelligence adaptation for the Russian culture are discussed. The conclusions of the research are formulated. The main conclusion is the discovery of the connection of emotional intelligence qualities and management effectiveness for Russian culture.
Systemic-Structural Method in Ecological Investigations
Authors:   Povolzhsky Institute of Management named after P.A. Stolypin, Markova M.N.
Published: October 2023

This article is devoted to consideration of systemic-structural method and two ecological approaches. Both of approaches have restrictions in solving ecological problems. Author tries to summarize both of approaches and to meet a lack of approaches using systemicstructural method and ecoethics.
Pedagogical Innovations in a Context of Development of University Education
Authors:   Saratov State University, Guseynov A.Z.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to one of the actual problems of modernization of university education in Russia. The ways of realization and effective introduction of innovative technologies of education are defined in it.
Usaha Politik Hindia Belanda Terhadap Arus Perlawanan Umat Islam (Studi Jabatan Mufti di Hulu Sungai)
Authors: Khasyiin Nuril , Alfianoor Alfianoor
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses the political movement of the Dutch East Indies in Hulu Sungai by looking at the position of the mufti as an important position used by the Dutch East Indies government against the resistance of Muslim movements. Although the Dutch East Indies government at that time was considered the owner of the rightful government. However, the resistance movements against this government continued to the roots of the lower classes of society. This paper aims to find out what the Dutch East Indies political efforts and steps were in resisting the massive movements of the Hulu Sungai community. Mufti became the center issue to create government stability. This study uses historical research methods by looking at historical data as a source of information. In this study it was found, that the Dutch East Indies used two forms of political resistance against Muslim movements, namely; soft political power and hard political power. Hard political power can be seen from the forcible arrest of parties who are considered rebellious. Meanwhile, soft political power is formed by forming and appointing the mufti to become a mediator and stabilizer in the community.
Riba Menurut Pemikiran Al-Gazāli, Ar-Razi, Ad-Dahlawi, Al-Maududi
Authors: Gafur Abdul , Ansharullah Ansharullah , Fahruddin Fahruddin
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Talking about the meaning of usury, there are several thoughts according to Al Gazali, Ar Razi, Ad Dahlawi, and Al Maududi. Al-Gazāli argues that usury does not address the issue of interest on money loans. He only said that fixing interest on borrowed money means diverting it from its main function, namely as a medium of exchange and as a measure of value. Meanwhile, according to Ar Razi, there are several things that are prohibited in usury. First, because usury means taking the borrower's property unfairly. Second, Allah forbids usury so that people are not lazy to work. Third, because usury will eliminate the goodness contained in borrowing money. Fourth, in general those who lend money (muqriḍ) come from the rich, while those who borrow money (mustaqriḍ) come from the poor. Fifth, the prohibition of usury has been clearly established in the Qur'an and Hadith. According to Ad Dahlawi, transactions that contain elements of usury do not have a spirit of cooperation at all, therefore these transactions are contrary to humanity and detrimental to civilization. Then according to Al Maududi, the problem of usury is clear and practical, capital does not have the right to collect fixed interest, even if the borrower wins or loses. Abstrak: Berbicara mengenai makna riba, ada beberapa pemikiran menurut Al Gazali, Ar Razi, Ad Dahlawi, dan Al Maududi. Al-Gazāli berpendapat bahwa riba tidak membahas masalah bunga pinjaman uang. Ia hanya mengatakan bahwa penetapan bunga terhadap pinjaman uang berarti membelokkannya dari fungsi utamanya, yaitu sebagai alat tukar dan sebagai pengukur nilai. Sedangkan menurut Ar Razi, ada beberapa hal yang dilarang dalam riba, yang Pertama, karena riba berarti mengambil harta si peminjam secara tidak adil. Kedua, Allah mengharamkan riba agar manusia tidak malas bekerja. Ketiga, karena riba akan menghilangkan kebaikan yang terkandung dalam peminjaman uang. Keempat, pada umumnya pihak yang meminjamkan uang (muqriḍ) berasal dari golongan orang kaya, sedangkan pihak yang meminjam uang (mustaqriḍ) berasal dari kalangan orang miskin. Kelima, keharaman riba telah ditetapkan dengan jelas di dalam Alquran dan Hadis. Menurut Ad Dahlawi, transaksi yang mengandung unsur riba, sama sekali tidak memiliki semangat kerjasama, karenanya transaksi tersebut bertentangan dengan kemanusiaan dan merugikan peradaban. Kemudian menurut Al Maududi, masalah riba sudah jelas dan praktis, modal tidak punya hak untuk memungut bunga yang tetap, meskipun peminjam untung atau rugi.
LİMAN İŞLETMELERİNDE İŞ GÜVENLİĞİ PERFORMANSININ TERMİNALLER AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: YORULMAZ Murat , GÜÇLÜ Kübra
Published: October 2023

İş güvenliği performansının ölçülmesi, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği yönetim sisteminin temel unsurlarındandır. İşletmelerin iş güvenliği hedeflerine ulaşabilmesi adına iş güvenliği performansının doğru yöntemler ile ölçülmesi ve sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, liman işletmelerindeki iş güvenliği performansının önem düzeylerinin ve ağırlık değerlerinin terminaller özelinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, iş güvenliği performansı göstergeleri ulusal ve uluslararası literatürden elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen parametreler arasındaki ilişki yönü, şiddeti ve önem derecesi için Kocaeli Liman Bölgesinde görev yapan 7 A sınıfı iş güvenliği uzmanının görüşü alınmıştır. Veriler çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden bulanık DEMATEL ve TOPSIS yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, iş güvenliği performansı göstergeleri arasında yer alan, çalışanların sağlık ve güvenlik bilgisi iletişimi, çalışanların hak ve sorumluluklarını yerine getirmesi ve çalışanların almış olduğu iş sağlığı ve güvenliği eğitimlerinin kalitesi diğer parametreleri etkileyen grupta yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışanların kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanması ve çalışanların risk azaltıcı iş uygulamalarına katılımı parametrelerinin ise diğer göstergelerden etkilenen grupta yer aldığı görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra TOPSIS yöntemi ile iş güvenliği performansını etkileyen göstergelerin en önemli olduğu düşünülen terminal çeşidinin sıvı yük terminali olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
实验性诱导营养不良对鸡脑部抑郁和情绪中等以及血液影响的生物化学作用
Authors: Mohammed Alaa , Desouky Afaf , Mohammed Raafat R. , Abdel-Maksoud Hussein
Published: October 2023

背景：营养缺乏和营养不良会引起周期性嗜睡、情绪低落和贫血。因此，在本研究中，我们通过实验诱导鸡营养不良，以跟踪鸡的脑功能和贫血状况（血液指数）。材料和方法：本研究以两组60只一天龄的雏鸡为研究对象，这些雏鸡喂食商品开食料10天，然后平均分成两组，饲养6周。第一对照组在生长期和育成期饲喂商品生长料和育成料，而第二试验组在生长期和育成期持续饲喂黄玉米。所有雏鸡在六周内每周称重一次，以记录体重差异。每两周从每组的10只雏鸡中采集全血样和脑匀浆，以评估脑组织匀浆参数、白细胞计数差异、全血细胞计数和血液指数。结果：比较两组雏鸡的脑组织匀浆发现，缺食组的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和总抗氧化能力（TAC）在整个饲养过程中显著增加，而肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）在缺食组第二周和第四周后增加，第六周后两组无显著差异。对照组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）在整个实验期间都明显增加，而全血细胞计数（CBC）和细胞差异计数显示，食物缺乏组的白细胞（WBCs）在整个实验期间都明显增加、嗜酸性粒细胞浓度在缺食组两周和四周后明显升高，六周后两组差异不明显；淋巴细胞在对照组第二周后明显升高，四周后差异不明显，六周后缺食组则明显升高。缺食组的中性粒细胞计数在第六周后明显偏高，单核细胞浓度在缺食组中两周后明显升高，四周后无明显差异，在对照组中六周后明显升高。嗜碱性粒细胞和分段中性粒细胞在食物缺乏组两周后明显增加，两组在四周和六周后差异不明显。此外，对照组的血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞（RBCs）、包装细胞容积（PCV）、平均体细胞容积（MCV）和血小板计数在整个持续时间内均显著增加，对照组的平均体细胞血红蛋白（MCH）和平均体细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）在四周和六周后显著增加。结论：营养不良会对大脑功能和血液参数产生很大影响。
Effect of Gender on the Relationship Between Ruminative Thinking and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: HOSGÖREN ALICI Yasemin , HASANLI Jamal
Published: October 2023

Rumination means dealing with one's own feelings and thoughts passively and repetitively. There are two types of rumination: reflection, and brooding. Rumination prepares a suitable ground for many mental disorders, especially depression. The incidence of depressive symptoms in women was reported to be higher than in men. It has been claimed that the frequency and severity of depression may be increasing due to rumination since rumination is also higher in women. Studies in the literature have often progressed on a single type of rumination, brooding. Reflection is often considered a positive coping style and protective because it is related to problem solving, but inconsistent results have been obtained in studies on the effect on depression. In our study, we aimed to examine the effect of gender on depression by considering reflection and brooding separately instead of evaluating rumination only through brooding. Two hundred and twenty-seven university students were invited to the study, and 196 of them agreed to participate in the study. A sociodemographic form, ruminative responses scale, and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were applied to the participants who accepted the study. Correlation analyses and linear regression were applied to the obtained data. Brooding and reflection scores were positively correlated with the PHQ-9 scores. Women got higher scores in brooding and reflection scales than men. Women got higher scores in PHQ-9 than men but it is not significant statistically. In linear regression analyses, brooding and reflection scores positively significantly predicted PHQ-9 scores. Women have higher depressive symptoms and are considered more ruminative, but only ruminative thinking (both brooding and reflection) can predict depressive symptoms. Interventions targeting both brooding and maladaptive reflection are recommended to treat major depression.
Generation Z Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Sustainable Production and Consumption Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kurt Berna , Özbaş Nilgün
Published: October 2023

Background and Purpose:2030 Sustainable Development Goals, an in-depth understanding of undergraduate nursing students, and experiences are needed. This study aims to explore and describe the experiences and challenges faced by undergraduate nursing students concerning sustainable production and consumption based on the theory of planned behavior.Methods:An inductive design was used for this qualitative study, which included open-ended, and in-depth interviews with 24 undergraduate nursing students. Throughout the study, the authors followed the COREQ checklist.Results:The audio was recorded and lasted 24–48 minutes (x̄ = 30.8 minutes). The audio recordings were subjected to repeated listening, followed by the creation of observation notes for each interview and transcription of all the interviews. It was determined that data saturation had been achieved after the final interview. The participants confirmed the findings by reviewing daily summaries at the conclusion of the interview data. To analyze the data, the thick description method was employed. The coded similarity rate of the data set was calculated. The similarity rate in this study was 91.0%. Five themes were identified: (a) “behavioral beliefs,” (b) “normative persons, organizations, and institutions,” (c) “motive,” (d) “facilitative,” and (e) “challenges.”Conclusions/Implications for Practice:The climate crises experienced during the formative years of undergraduate nursing students belonging to Generation Z, as well as the impact of pandemic diseases, have significantly influenced their views on sustainable production and consumption. In order to meet the needs of the socially conscious Generation Z, modern nursing education must incorporate advanced practices that reflect their values.
A educação como direito humano e o ensino tecnológico em tempo de pandemia
Authors: Amaral Manoel Francisco do , Nunes Rosana Helena , Amaral Kelly  Janaine
Published: October 2023

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver reflexão sobre a problemática gerada com a pandemia do Covid-19, sua relação com ensino tecnológico enquanto um direito humano, assim como os limites e contradições. Revelam-se algumas situações que comprometem o acesso à educação de qualidade como um direito de todos, tais como: dificuldades de domínio do professor para com a ferramenta Teams; questões ideológicas, falta de flexibilidade como verdade absoluta e dificuldade de acesso do aluno ao sistema on-line. Isso pode comprometer a garantia da educação como direito humano, em tempos de pandemia: Covid-19.
Cava Smoothie As An Adjuvant in Iron Supplementation Can Increase Hemoglobin Levels and Erythrocyte Indices in Anemic Adolescent Girls
Authors: Aryani Vina Dinata Kamila , Muthmainah Muthmainah , Nuhriawangsa Adi Magna Patriadi
Published: October 2023

Uncontrolled anemia leads to a decline in hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte blood indices, posing various health risks. To address this, a study aimed to assess the effectiveness of cava smoothies and iron supplementation in boosting hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte indices among anemic adolescent girls. The study involved 87 adolescent girls with moderate anemia, divided into three groups. The control group (C) received weekly iron tablets (60 mg), while two intervention groups (I1 and I2) were given the same iron tablets along with cava smoothies in increasing doses over 28 days. The results revealed significant improvements in hemoglobin levels. Group C showed an increase of 0.27 g/dL, while I1 and I2 demonstrated remarkable gains of 1.46 g/dL and 2.54 g/dL, respectively. Furthermore, erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) exhibited positive changes. Group C saw increases of 0.35 fl, 0.34 pg, and 0.27 g/dL, I1 showed improvements of 0.69 fl, 0.61 pg, and 0.64 g/dL, and I2 experienced substantial enhancements of 1.97 fl, 1.61 pg, and 1.60 g/dL. In conclusion, the study confirmed that cava smoothies and iron supplementation effectively raise hemoglobin levels and improve erythrocyte indices in anemic adolescent girls, highlighting the potential benefits of this intervention for combating anemia.
The association between warfarin usage and international normalized ratio increase: systematic analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Morris Robert , Todd Megan , Aponte Nicole Zapata , Salcedo Milagros , Bruckner Matthew , Garcia Alfredo Suarez , Webb Rachel , Bu Kun , Han Weiru , Cheng Feng
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Elevated international normalized ratio (INR) has been commonly reported as an adverse drug event (ADE) for patients taking warfarin for anticoagulant therapy.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between increased INR and the usage of warfarin by using the pharmacovigilance data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods: The ADEs in patients who took warfarin (N = 77,010) were analyzed using FAERS data. Association rule mining was applied to identify warfarin-related ADEs that were most associated with elevated INR (n = 15,091) as well as possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) associated with increased INR. Lift values were used to identify ADEs that were most commonly reported alongside elevated INR based on the correlation between both item sets. In addition, this study sought to determine if the increased INR risk was influenced by sex, age, temporal distribution, and geographic distribution and were reported as reporting odds ratios (RORs).

Results: The top 5 ADEs most associated with increased INR in patients taking warfarin were decreased hemoglobin (lift = 2.31), drug interactions (lift = 1.88), hematuria (lift = 1.58), asthenia (lift = 1.44), and fall (lift = 1.32). INR risk increased as age increased, with individuals older than 80 having a 63% greater likelihood of elevated INR compared to those younger than 50. Males were 9% more likely to report increased INR as an ADE compared to females. Individuals taking warfarin concomitantly with at least one other drug were 43% more likely to report increased INR. The top 5 most frequently identified DDIs in patients taking warfarin and presenting with elevated INR were acetaminophen (lift = 1.81), ramipril (lift = 1.71), furosemide (lift = 1.64), bisoprolol (lift = 1.58), and simvastatin (lift = 1.58).

Conclusion: The risk of elevated INR increased as patient age increased, particularly among those older than 80. Elevated INR frequently co-presented with decreased hemoglobin, drug interactions, hematuria, asthenia, and fall in patients taking warfarin. This effect may be less pronounced in women due to the procoagulatory effects of estrogen signaling. Multiple possible DDIs were identified, including acetaminophen, ramipril, and furosemide.
REB’s Statistical Series: Surveys of Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Batyaeva A. , Demina N. , Egorov A. , Matveev A.
Published: October 2023

The article presents unique data on the Russian agricultural sector, which has been gathered by the Russian Economic Barometer for more than 30 years. There is published statistics reflecting the attitude of the heads of agricultural enterprises towards the economic policy of the government. There are presented data revealing the degree of importance for the agricultural producers of various factors limiting production and capital investments.
SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses in Human Olfactory Pathophysiology
Authors: Wade Serigne Fallou , Diouara Abou Abdallah Malick , Ngom Babacar , Thiam Fatou , Dia Ndongo
Published: October 2023

Acute respiratory viruses (ARVs) are leading cause of diseases in human worldwide. High risk individuals including children and elderly could potentially develop severe illness that could result in hospitalization or death in the worst case. Most common ARVs are Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Parainfluenza Virus, rhinovirus, coronaviruses (including SARS and MERS CoV), adenoviruses, Human Bocavirus, enterovirus (-D68 and 71), and influenza viruses. The olfactory deficits due to ARVs infection is a common symptom among patients. This mini review provides an overview of the role of SARS-CoV-2 and other common ARVs in the development of human olfactory pathophysiology. We highlight the critical need for understanding the signaling underlying the olfactory dysfunction and the development of therapeutics for this wide-ranging category of AVRs to restore the altered or loss of smell in affected patients.
Relationship of Payment Statistics and Sector-Wise GrossValue Added in the Indian Economy: A Regression Analysis Approach
Authors: Kiran Battula Vijay , Surya K Jaya , Rao A. Narasimha
Published: October 2023

This study explores the correlation between payment statistics and sector-wise Gross Value Added (GVA) in the Indian economy from 2011 to 2022, assessing the importance of payment and settlement systems. Through regression analysis, the impact of payment statistics on GVA across diverse sectors is assessed. The results indicate that, during the specified period, payment statistics exhibit a significant influence on sector-wise GVA. These findings underscore the pivotal role of payment and settlement systems in the Indian financial landscape.
Perception Of Pre-Marital Sex, Courtship among Osun State University Undergraduates, Osogbo, Osun State
Authors: Olayiwola Abdulazeez A. , Omoge Adeyemi O. , Olarinmoye Abayomi , Benzard Grace , Yahaya Halima U. , Aborisade Odunayo G. , Osolase Jennifer
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Pre-marital sex is a sexual interest practiced by people who are yet to get married and has ended up being accepted specifically in western countries. Sex before marriage is sexual behavior engaged in by single people. In the past, having sex before getting married is seen as a moral dilemma that many cultures forbade and that many people regarded to be sin in many religions, although it has gained wider acceptance across the board. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the perception, practices, and factors associated with pre-marital sex, courtship, and its influences among Osun State University Undergraduates, Osogbo, Osun State. METHODOLOGY: The study was a descriptive study, and respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Students of Osun State University, Osogbo main campus form the population of the study and its sample size was calculated using Leslie Kish’s formula. A total of 387 responses were validated from the survey. The instrument for data collection was a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire consisting of four sections. The data obtained were collated, examined for completion, coded, imputed, and analyzed using SPSS v21. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was between 19.19±2.17, and the majority were between 18 – 24 years. About 52% of the respondents show a positive perception of premarital sex and courtship. Also, in the practice of courtship majority (88.3%) of the respondents think those that go around together are courting and from the responses obtained and analyzed from the factors leading to pre-marital sex, the findings revealed that peer pressure (90.4%), Internet (86.7%), pornography (83.9%) and drugs (82.9%) are the leading factors which contribute to pre-marital sex among undergraduates. CONCLUSION: The study hereby recommends that Parents should as a matter of responsibility monitor and pays regular visits to their children in the universities and provide them with materials that will make them stay comfortable for them not to fall victim to peer pressure.Pre-marital sex is a practice that should be avoided by undergraduate students, though most students consider courtship as a normal practice, it is still used as a normal factor that leads them to practice pre-marital sex.
Assessment of the Combined Inputs of Antimicrobials from Top Soil Improvers and Irrigation Waters on Green Leafy Vegetables Fields
Authors: Barola Carolina , Brambilla Gianfranco , Galarini Roberta , Moretti Simone , Morabito Stefano
Published: October 2023

Sustainable food systems imply the re-use of biowastes and water. In this paper we characterize 30 top soil improvers of anthropogenic, animal and green waste origin, and 11 irrigation waters from rivers, channels, and civil wastewater treatment plants (cWWTPs) for the presence of antimicrobials. Liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) was applied to determine 50 different drugs belonging to the classes of sulfonamides (11), tetracyclines (7), fluoroquinolones (10), macrolides (12), amphenicols (3), pleuromutilins (2), diaminopyrimidines (1), rifamycines (1) and lincosamides (1). Biowastes from cWWTPs and animal manure, slurry and litter revealed the highest loads for sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides (80, 470, 885, and 4,487 ng/g wet weight, respectively) with nor- and cipro-floxacin as marker of anthropogenic sources. In composts and digestates antimicrobials were almost below the determination limits. Re-used waters for irrigation in open field lettuce production resulted contaminated in the range of 12-221 ng/L for sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones, against very few detects in channels and surface waters. Antimicrobials Hazard Index (HI) based on Predicted No Effect Concentration for Antimicrobial Resistance (PNECAMR) was largely >100 in contaminated top soil improvers from urban and animal sources. Accounting for worst-case inputs from top soil improvers and irrigation water and dilution factors of amended soil, fluoroquinolones only showed a HI around 1 in open fields for lettuce production. The origin of top soil improvers plays a pivotal role for safe and sustainable leafy vegetable productions, to abate the risk of AMR onset in food-borne diseases, as well the transfer of AMR elements to human gut flora.
Life (on Earth) as a Product of Biological Interaction? An Inquiry
Authors: Iwuh Dozie , Iyo John
Published: October 2023

By definition, a cell is the smallest unit of biological life. This means that every living thing can be fundamentally narrowed down to a composition of cells working together for the furtherance of that being in existence. With the dawn dawn of the evolutionary theory that bespeaks of life commencing some 〜3.8 billion years ago with RNA strands that underwent evolution to become DNA, which led to what we have now as life in the world, or with the Panspermia hypothesis, assuming that life on Earth was seeded from space, what is being considered in this work pertains to the origin of life. In addition to the plethora of intuitive stances that concern the origin story of life, this work will only add to the these. The major hypothesis in this work is that the continuity of life, as pertaining to its procession from parent to offspring provides fundamental links to the origin of life and this is the major consideration that will be given. It is thus apparent that the cells that would be considered are germ cells and not somatic cells. A cursory look at the continuity of life, should give us clues as regards how life originated. We nonetheless, take into consideration the fact that some features due to its non-use have gone extinct, thus taking with them the needed knowledge to breaking even as regards our inquiry. Even at that, we propose that conjectures, hypothetically, can be made based on the physical evidence that is available to us today.
Expression of Tissue Factor and Platelet/Leukocyte Markers on Extracellular Vesicles Reflect Platelet-Leukocyte Interaction in Severe COVID-19
Authors: Eichhorn Tanja , Weiss René , Huber Silke , Ebeyer-Masotta Marie , Mostageer Marwa , Emprechtinger Robert , Knabl, Sr. Ludwig , Knabl Ludwig , Würzner Reinhard , Weber Viktoria
Published: October 2023

Severe COVID-19 is frequently associated with thromboembolic complications. Increased platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation can amplify thrombotic responses by inducing tissue factor (TF) expression on leukocytes. Here, we characterized TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cellular origin in 12 patients suffering from severe COVID-19 (time course, 134 samples overall) and 25 healthy controls. EVs exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) were characterized by flow cytometry. Their cellular origin was determined by staining with anti-CD41, anti-CD45, anti-CD235a, and anti-CD105 as platelet, leukocyte, red blood cell, and endothelial markers. We further investigated the association of EVs with TF, platelet factor 4 (PF4), C-reactive protein (CRP) and high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1). COVID-19 patients showed higher levels of PS-exposing EVs compared to controls. The majority of these EVs originated from platelets. A higher amount of EVs in patient samples were associated with CRP, HMGB-1, PF4, and TF, as compared to EVs from healthy donors. In COVID-19 samples, 16.5% of all CD41+ EVs displayed the leukocyte marker CD45, and 55.5% of all EV aggregates (CD41+CD45+) co-expressed TF, which reflects the interaction of platelets and leukocytes in COVID-19 on an EV level.
Naphthoquinones and Their Importance in Facing the Challenge of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Santos Thaís Barreto , De Moraes Leonardo Gomes Cavalieri , Pacheco Paulo Anastácio Furtado , Dos Santos Douglas Galdino , Ribeiro Rafaella Machado de Assis Cabral , Moreira Caroline dos Santos , Da Rocha David Rodrigues
Published: October 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disease that affects approximately 6.1 million and is primarily caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Naphthoquinones have several biological activities explored in the literature, including neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this review shows an overview of natural and synthetic naphthoquinones with neuroprotective effects and with potential for the development of molecules for the treatment of PD. Many examples of natural naphthoquinones, such as shikonin, plumbagin and vitamin K, exerted a neuroprotective effect by preventing oxidative stress, in addition to multiple mechanisms. Synthetic naphthoquinones with inhibitory activity on the P2X7 receptor were also found, leading to a neuroprotective effect on Neuro-2a cells. It was found that naphthazarin can act as inhibitors of the MAO-B enzyme. Vitamin K and synthetic naphthoquinones hybrids with tryptophan or dopamine showed inhibition of the aggregation of α-synuclein. A library of synthetic derivatives of juglone and naphthazarin were able to protect Neuro-2a cells against neurodegenerative effects of neurotoxins. We report many examples of naphthoquinones that act in therapeutic pathways for the treatment of PD. In addition, routes for producing synthetic derivatives were also discussed. With the data presented, 1,4-naphthoquinones can be considered a promising class in the treatment of PD.
Changes in Hydrological Characteristics of Attabad Landslide-Dammed Lake on the KKH
Authors: Li Yousan , Yang Hongkui , Qi Youhui , Ye Wenqian , Cao Guangchao , Wang Yanhe
Published: October 2023

Understanding the evolving hydrological characteristics of landslide-induced barrier lakes is crucial for flood control, forecasting, early warning, and safety measures in the reservoir area. This study examines the changes in hydrological characteristics of the Attabad landslide-dammed lake over the past decade after the occurrence of the landslide, focusing on lake area dynamics and sediment concentration. High-resolution satellite images from QuickBird, Pleiades, and WorldView2 over seven periods were analyzed. The findings indicate that the lake area has gradually decreased, with the center of mass shifting towards the lake dam, indicating a trend towards stability. The suspended sediment in the barrier lake is distributed in a strip running from north to south, then northeast to southwest, with sediment concentration decreasing from the lake entrance to the dam and from the lake bank to the center. Over time, the average sediment concentration has decreased from 2010 to 2020, with higher concentrations in summer than in winter. Notably, during the 2017-2020 period, the lower-middle parts of the lake experienced higher sediment concentration, while the dam area witnessed lower concentrations, thereby reducing the sediment impact on the dam.
Multifunctional Biotechnological Lip Moisturizer for Lip Repair and Hydration: Development, in vivo Efficacy Assessment and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Dahmer Débora , Scandorieiro Sara , Bigotto Briani Gisele , Bergamini Thays Amélio , Cardozo Jennifer Germiani , Da Costa Isabela Mazarim , Kobayashi Renata Katsuko Takayama , Nakazato Gerson , Borsato Dionísio , Prudencio Sandra Helena , Daltoé Marina Leite Mitterer , Celligoi Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone , Lonni Audrey Alesandra Stinghen Garcia
Published: October 2023

The demand for sustainable cosmetics leads to the search for natural and biotechnology ingredients. The present study reports the development of multifunctional lip moisturizer containing levan (LEV) from Bacillus subtilis natto, sophorolipids (SOP) from Starmerella bombicola and Citrus paradisi (OCP) essential oil , using simplex-centroid experimental design. The formulations were evaluated physicochemically, pharmacotechnically and by DPPH assay. The optimized formulation was selected through Response Surface Method and the evaluation of its efficiency in lip hydration was carried out using bioimpedance method and sensory analysis. The formulations showed pH compatible with the lip region and remained stable after centrifuge test and thermal stress in preliminary stability. Spreadability varied between 415.3 and 1217.1 mm2, moisture retention was above 95%, and antioxidant capacity was around 50% for all formulations. The optimized formulation, containing 0.4% LEV and 0.8% SOF, helped to maintain the lip hydration already shown by the participants; 85% of them reported improvement in this aspect. The incorporation of these actives is innovative and helps in the development of future works, through the use of a new non-invasive and low-cost technique, not previously described in other studies, in association with relevant sensory analyzes in the field of cosmetology.
The Bibliometric Analysis of EEGLAB Software in the Web of Science Indexed Articles
Authors: Fayaz Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Introduction: EEGLAB is one of the most famous software for processing, analyzing, and researching experiments that have Electroencephalography (EEG) datasets. Due to the numerous and famous add-ins along with global, widespread communications and online free training, its popularity increased every year. Method: To address this phenomenon from a bibliographic perspective, we found 20,464 citations in Google Scholar for the main EEGLAB reference since 8/27/2023. Then, only the Web of Science (WOS) articles were 12,700 that they were extracted. The results were analyzed with Bibliometrix package from CRAN R software. Results: The time span of these articles is from 2004 to 2023 with 12,700 documents in 1,125 sources (journals, books, etc.), 29,125 authors, 19,062 author’s keywords, 13,707 keywords PLUS, 279,617 references. The annual growth rate is 28.12 %, international Co-authorship is 37.27 % and Co-authors per document is s 4.89 and the average citations per document is 22.51. The most relevant sources are Neuroimage, Frontiers in Human Neurosciences, Scientific Reports, Psychophysiology, and PLOS One with 780, 526, 446,425, and 371 articles, respectively. The most cited countries are the USA, Germany, and the United Kingdom with 93,093, 32,621, and 20,748 total citations, respectively. The ERPLAB, ADJUST, and ICLabel add-ins have the local to global citation ratios equal to 85.4%, 65.1%, and 78.2% respectively. Other bibliometric analyses such as co-occurrence networks and thematic maps of abstracts, titles, and keywords are estimated and presented. Conclusions: EEGLAB is among the most cited MATLAB toolboxes in computational neuroscience. Many developed and developing countries use it in their research publications.
Dengue virus infection in Ethiopia: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Nigussie Eshetu , Atlaw Daniel , Negash Getahun , Gezahegn Habtamu , Beressa Girma , Tasew Alelign , Zembaba Demisu
Published: October 2023

Dengue virus infection is caused by a positive stranded RNA virus called Dengue virus, which is spread by arthropods. It is a fast growing acute febrile disease with potentially lethal consequences that is a global public health problem, mostly in tropical and subtropical countries. In Ethiopia dengue fever is understudied despite the fact that the virus is still being transmitted and viral infection rates are rising. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of DENV infection in Ethiopia.
A literature search was done on PubMed, Hinari and Google Scholar databases to identify studies published before July, 2023. Random effects and fixed effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence of all the three markers. The Inconsistency Index was used to assess the level of heterogeneity.
A total of 11 articles were included in this review. Majority of the studies had moderate risk of bias and no study had a high risk of bias. A meta-analysis estimated pooled IgG prevalence of 21% (95% CI: 19-23), a pooled prevalence of IgM 9% (95%CI: 4-13) and a pooled DENV-RNA prevalence of 48% (95% CI: 33-62). There is evidence of possible publication bias in IgG but not found in the rest of markers. The prevalence of DENV infection is high in Ethiopia. Healthcare providers, researchers and policymakers should give more attention to dengue fever.