bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apontamentos acerca da subjetividade e dos processos de subjetivação no mundo contemporâneo e suas repercussões na clínica psicoterápica
Authors: De Oliveira André Luiz , Trindade Ellika
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar a questão da subjetividade e dos processos de subjetivação na

contemporaneidade e suas repercussões na clínica psicológica. Buscou-se realizar uma revisão crítica sobre como

se caracteriza a subjetividade e como ela se constitui nos dias atuais. Utiliza-se o conceito de pós-modernidade

para caracterizar nosso viver contemporâneo, tentando descrever a dinâmica desta pós-modernidade de modo a

relacioná-la com os processos de subjetivação desenvolvidos hoje em dia. Aborda-se a questão de qual poderia

ser a atuação da Psicologia neste contexto, sendo oferecidas indicações acerca do possível posicionamento de seu

profissional, para gerir e auxiliar verdadeiramente seus pacientes diante da atual conjuntura. Por fim, considera-se

que abordar a questão da subjetividade é algo complexo, no entanto, é possível considerar que o psicólogo clínico

interessado e disposto a ajudar realmente seu paciente a entender os processos que o envolvem atualmente, deve

antes de tudo saber compreender estes processos.

Palavras- chave: Subjetividade; Processos de subjetivação; Pós-modernidade; Psicologia.
Os significados do cuidado na gestação
Authors: Massih Pio Danielle Abdel , Capel Mariana da Silva
Published: August 2020

A gravidez, considerada um período de transição normal, favorece o desenvolvimento emocional da mulher e

da família para a chegada do bebê. Esse período, no entanto, dotado de turbulências deve ser acompanhado e

apoiado por familiares, amigos e pessoas capazes de fortalecer as mulheres a enfrentar inseguranças propícias

a aparecer. Este estudo identifica o entendimento, expectativas e significados atribuídos pelas mulheres ao seu

cuidado no período gestacional, permeando a existência de apoio e seus diferentes tipos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa

exploratória de natureza qualitativa com amostra de oito gestantes, primíparas e/ou multíparas, internadas em um

Hospital Materno-Infantil de referência para gravidez de risco, com uso de entrevista semiestruturada, incluindo

questão disparadora para o entendimento da experiência. Quatro temáticas foram elaboradas para discussão, sendo

possível perceber que o apoio através da rede, seja familiar, social ou do profissional da saúde, facilita a segurança

e orientação dessas mulheres para seguimento mais efetivo da gestação.

Palavras-chave: Gestação; Pré-natal; Cuidados na gestação; Apoio familiar; Apoio de rede de serviços.
Ivermectina dentro del protocolo de tratamiento para la COVID-19 en Perú: Uso sin evidencia científica
Authors: Lescano Jesús , Pinto Chris
Published: August 2020

Ivermectina es uno de los fármacos antiparasitarios más ampliamente utilizados en medicina veterinaria. Asimismo, en medicina humana es utilizada en el tratamiento de diversas parasitosis. Sin embargo, su uso masivo sin control viene siendo asociado a la presentación de resistencia parasitaria. La emergencia del SARS-CoV-2, causante de la COVID-19, ha desafiado a los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial, forzándolos a trabajar urgentemente en el desarrollo de protocolos de tratamiento adecuados para dicha enfermedad. En el Perú, el Ministerio de Salud dispuso la inclusión de ivermectina dentro del protocolo de tratamiento contra la COVID-19. Con el objetivo de conocer la evidencia científica que respalda dicha medida, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en repositorios digitales de revistas científicas y en las bases de datos de ensayos clínicos enfocados en tratamientos contra la COVID-19. Hasta la fecha de remisión de este artículo, no se encontró evidencia científica que respalde la eficacia ni seguridad del uso de ivermectina como tratamiento contra el SARS-CoV-2 en seres humanos. El único indicio es un estudio in vitro, cuya replicación en pacientes seria poco probable debido a que se necesitarían usar dosis considerablemente más altas que aquellas actualmente aprobadas para consumo humano. Adicionalmente, se encontró registro de algunos ensayos clínicos evaluando la inclusión de ivermectina en pacientes COVID-19, cuyos resultados aún no han sido publicados. Finalmente, este artículo describe tanto las consecuencias que podrían tener la desinformación generalizada respecto a ivermectina como tratamiento contra la COVID-19 sumada a la permisibilidad de que productos veterinarios conteniendo dicho principio activo sean empleados en pacientes humanos, así como, el importante rol de los Médicos Veterinarios en esta situación.
Pengetahuan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) pada Kelompok Sadar Wisata di Desa Caturharjo Yogyakarta
Authors: Mulasari Surahma Asti , Masruddin Masruddin , Izza Annisa Nurul , Hidayatullah Farisa , D.P.B.M.A Fransiscus , Axmalia Astry , Tukiyo Intan Wahyuni
Published: August 2020

Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dalam bidang pariwisata sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya kecelakaan kerja pada pengunjung dan pekerja di tempat wisata. peran pokdarwis dalam penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) sangat penting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan gambaran pengetahuan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) pada kelompok sadar wisata di Desa Caturharjo, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik accidental sampling yang terdiri dari pemuda desa dan pokdarwis desa caturharjo dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 12 orang setiap kelompok Kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan saat pretest  dan posttes tdalam kategori kurang sebesar 58,33% atau sebanyak 7 orang. Namun, terdapat perbedaan rata-rata pengetahuan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan sebesar 16,33 saat posttest.Tidak terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan, namun terdapat peningkatan rata-rata pengetahuan.
Analisa Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tindakan Sectio Caesarea di RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin Tahun 2019
Authors: Emma Arrifah Noer , Triawanti Triawanti , Ilmi Bahrul , Suhartono Eko , Widyamala Erida
Published: August 2020

Sectio caesarea merupakan persalinan buatan dimana janin dilahirkan melalui suatu insisi pada dinding perut dan dinding rahim serta berat diatas 500 gr. World Health Organization (WHO), menetapkan standar rata-rata sectio caesarea disebuah negara sekitar 5-15% per 1000 kelahiran. Kementerian Kesehatan RI mematok persalinan secara sectio caesarea sebanyak 20% dari total persalinan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data yang didapatkan di RSUD Dr. Moch. Ansari Saleh pada tahun 2019 persalinan dengan tindakan sectio caesarea sebanyak 586 kasus (24%). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk untuk menganalisis hubungan usia ibu, paritas, komplikasi kehamilan, penyulit persalinan dan jaminan kesehatan dengan tindakan sectio caesarea. Metode penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol retrospektif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu bersalin di RSUD Dr. H.Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin pada tahun 2019 dengan jumlah 2495 orang. Analisis data secara deksriptif dan statistik dengan menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistik berganda. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara usia ibu (0,000), paritas (0,002), komplikasi kehamilan (0,000), penyulit persalinan (0,000) dan jaminan kesehatan (0,035) dengan tindakan sectio caesarea. Hasil analisa regresi logistik menunjukkan variabel usia ibu memiliki hubungan yang paling dominan dengan tindakan sectio caesarea (p=0,000, exp. B= 9,000).
Metodologia para determinação da abundância de árvores urbanas utilizando recursos de geotecnologias de acesso livre
Authors: Rodrigues Gilberto Aparecido , Ferrarezi Luciana Aparecida , Bovério Maria Aparecida
Published: August 2020

A arborização dos diferentes espaços públicos nas cidades garante vários benefícios para o ecossistema urbano, dentre eles estão a melhoria da paisagem, a garantia de ambiente favoravél para presença de populaçoes de animais silvestres que convivem nesses espaços, devido à restrição dos ambientes naturais, além disso garante o conforto térmico para a população. O objetivo desse estudo foi o de quantificar a abundância arbórea em ambiente urbano, na cidade de Taiaçu, Estado de São Paulo – Brasil, utilizando-se como método a análise de imagens de satélite, do software de geotecnologia livre Google Earth Pro. Os resultados mostraram que a estimação do número de árvores no município, pela contagem de árvores em vias públicas avistadas por imagens de satélte, mostrou ser possível a utilização da técnica  por amostragem de vias públicas urbanas. Foi possível determinar também o número de indivíduos arbóreos por kilômetro de 44, indicando-se que o município de Taiaçu pode ser enquadrado como um  município quatro vezes acima do valor considerado crítico. O uso do software mostrou ser de fácil execução e com boa precisão para o  municipio de Taiaçu-SP-Brasil.
Influence of Training Strategies on Employee Performance in Public University Campuses in Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Cheruiyot Benjamin Bett
Published: August 2020

The focus of this study was to investigate the influence of training strategies on employee performance in public university campuses in Kericho County, Kenya. The study was motivated by concerns on employee performance in public university campuses despite the various training strategies adopted by the public institutions to enhance employee performance. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design.  A sample of 106 employees, representing 26% of the target population, was selected from four public university campuses namely; University of Kabianga (UK), Moi University (MU), Kenyatta University (KU), and Kisii University (KSU). Stratified random sampling was utilized in selecting the respondents for the study. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. A pilot study was conducted on the data collection instrument to pre-test its validity before the main survey, while data reliability was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used to aid in coding, entry and analysis of quantitative data. Finally, there is a conclusion and recommendation based on the findings. The study found out that the relationship between training strategies and employee performance was significantly positive. The conclusion from the findings of this study is that motivated employees are the main drivers of the public institutes’ performance. Given the findings, the study recommends that public universities improve training strategies to improve the level of employee performance.
Pesantren-Based Madrasah: Curriculum Implementation Model and Integrative Learning
Authors: Ihsan Ihsan
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze curriculum implementation design and Islamic Education learning, a variety of curriculum integration and Islamic Education  learning, and pesantren-based madrasah model that is appropriate with National Education Standard and users’ expectations. This research was a qualitative study with a naturalistic paradigm which philosophically referred to phenomenological post-positivism and used social action models. This research was conducted in Kudus Regency with subjects related to institutional reality, curriculum implementation, learning and human resources of Madrasah Aliyah (MA) or Islamic Senior High Schools. The results showed that pesantren or Islamic boarding school is a model of MA management which madrasah and pesantren management are operationally managed in one management system. It means that MA is not only physically located in pesantren, but MA and pesantren are in an integrated organizational and management structure. The purpose of this management system unification is that all educational processes are in a system that allows all teachers and students activities in the same program package. It will ultimately create a holistic education process that produce the quality education output and outcome. Thus, the willingness to make pesantren as an Islamic education curriculum basis is based on the need to maximize the true Islamic education curriculum.
Transformasi Kepemimpinan Bagi Pustakawan di Era Digital
Authors: Husna Jazimatul
Published: August 2020

Librarians as library leaders are required to change their thinking to start a library-oriented management and management strategy for the future and innovative creative thinking. The challenge of future library leaders is not only to find ways to keep up with information technology, but also to find effective and efficient ways as alternative solutions to implement changes according to the wishes of millennial users in finding the information they want. This paper discusses the leadership transformation for libraryans in the digital era. Using descriptive qualitative methodology a literature review data source from previous research. The paper displays leadership in a different perspective from previous research. The results of this paper outline the definition of the practice of leadership transformation into an outline of leadership transformation that must be done by future librarians in the library of the digital era is to change library management and management, prove the value of transformation, art of influence and negotiation, the spirit of creativity and innovation in using space, supporting digital information research and literacy, digital information marketing and management, able to collaborate towards effective and efficient library management.

Pustakawan sebagai pemimpin perpustakaan dituntut untuk merubah pemikiran mereka memulai strategi pengelolaan dan manajemen perpustakaaan berwawasan masa depan dan berpikiran kreatif inovatif. Tantangan pimpinan perpustakaan masa yang akan datang tidak hanya menemukan cara mengikuti perkembangan teknologi informasi, tetapi juga mencari jalan yang efektif dan efisien sebagai solusi alternatif untuk melaksanakan perubahan sesuai keinginan pemustaka milenial dalam mencari informasi yang mereka inginkan. Makalah ini membahas tentang transformasi kepemimpinan bagi pustakawan di era digital. Menggunakan meteodologi kualitatif deskriptif bersumber pada data literature review dari penelitian sebelumnya Makalah menampilkan kepemimpinan dalam sudut pandang yang berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penulisan makalah ini menguraikan definisi praktik transformasi kepemimpinan kedalam garis besar transformasi kepemimpinan yang harus dilakukan oleh pustakawan masa depan di perpustakaan era digital adalah dalam mengubah pengelolaan dan manajemen perpustakaaan, pembuktian nilai transformasi, seni mempengaruhi dan bernegosiasi, jiwa kreativitas dan inovasi dalam menggunakan ruang, mendukung penelitian dan literasi informasi digital, pemasaran dan manajemen informasi digital, mampu berkolaborasi menuju pengelolaan perpustakaan yang efektif dan efisien.
Manajemen Data Penelitian Dengan Dataverse: Best Practice Pustakawan Menggunakan Sistem Repositori Ilmiah Nasional LIPI
Authors: Nashihuddin Wahid , Yudhanto Seno , Surapermana Ahmad Saefudin , Rishadi Rishadi
Published: August 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) platform Dataverse dan RIN; (2) pengelolaan data penelitian dengan Dataverse RIN; (3) pemanfaatan data penelitian dengan Dataverse RIN; dan (4) tantangan pustakawan dalam manajemen data penelitian. Jenis data kajian ini bersifat deskriptif – kualitatif dengan sumber data studi dokumen/literatur dan simulasi melalui Dataverse  RIN. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Dataverse merupakan platform database RIN yang bersifat open source dan dapat digunakan untuk efektivitas pengelolaan, penyimpanan, dan berbagi data penelitian; (2) pengelolaan data penelitian dengan Dataverse RIN dapat mengadopsi konsep RDM UK Data Service; (3) Data penelitian di Dataverse RIN dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan iptek dan peningkatan kualitas data penelitian berikutnya; dan (4) Pustakawan sebagai pengelola data dan depositor di Dataverse RIN perlu belajar lebih banyak tentang konsep penerapan pengelolaan data penelitian berdasarkan karakteristik lembaga dan harus siap menghadapi tantangan sebagai ‘pustakawan data’. Rekomendasi kajian ini yaitu: (1) perlunya peningkatan kompetensi pustakawan sebagai pengelolaan data penelitian; dan (2) keaktifan pustakawan dalam penyusunan kebijakan pengelolaan data penelitian dan berkolaborasi dalam kegiatan penelitian lembaga. 
Strategic Behavior and Optimization in an Unobservable Constant Retrial Queue with Balking and Set-Up Time
Authors: Wang Linlin , Liu Liwei , Wang Zhen , Chai Xudong
Published: August 2020

An M/M/1 constant retrial queue with balking customers and set-up time is considered. Once the system becomes empty, the server will be turned down to reduce operating costs, and it will be activated only when there is a customers arrives. In this paper, the almost unobservable case is studied, in which the information of the queue length is unavailable, whereas the state of the server can be obtained. Firstly, the steady state solutions are derived and the individual equilibrium strategies are analyzed. In addition, social optimization problems, including cost analysis and social welfare maximization are investigated by using the PSO algorithm. Finally, by appropriate numerical examples, the sensitivity of some main system parameters is shown.
SCAPEGOATS AND TRAGIC HEROES: USING ARCHETYPAL PATTERNS IN SHORT STORIES
Authors: Adji Alberta Natasia
Published: August 2020

Literary motifs such as archetypes can be very defining in short stories, since they provide the patterns that both authors and readers can easily resonate with. Studies have shown that archetypes are useful elements in the process of narrative patterning in literature. This paper explores the use of the Scapegoat and the Tragic Hero archetypes in my two short stories, ‘Her Tale on Earth’ (2014) and ‘The Day She Walked Out of the Gates’ (2014), to show how experimenting with these archetypes helped determine the shape of the each story’s structure, genre, and eventually the final form of each piece. While I was not immediately aware of my preferred character patterns, communicating my purpose through the stories led me to discover the right archetypes for my intentions. These stories are about characters who face adversity because of their complex parentage or heritage: themes which fuel my PhD research
[Review] Japanese Culture through Videogames
Authors: Lax Gawain Lucian
Published: August 2020

This essay is a review of the monograph 'Japanese Culture
through Videogames' by Rachael Hutchinson (Routledge 2019).
[Review] Okinawans Reaching Australia
Authors: Whiley Shannon
Published: August 2020

This essay is a review of the monograph 'Okinawans Reaching Australia' by John Lamb (Hesperian Press, 2019).
[Review] Faking Liberties: Religious Freedom in American Occupied Japan
Authors: Clark Hamish
Published: August 2020

This essay is a review of the monograph 'Faking Liberties: Religious Freedom in American Occupied Japan' by Jolyon Baraka Thomas (University of Chicago Press, 2019).
O CONTEÚDO LUTA NO CURRÍCULO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: POSSIBILIDADES ATRAVÉS DO PROJETO JUDÔ ESCOLAR
Authors: Mesquita Junior Paulo Fernando , Mesquita Jaqueline Ferreira Borges
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho trata-se de um projeto de extensão realizado, no âmbito do Instituto Federal Catarinense campus Santa Rosa do Sul (IFC-SRS), em parceria com escolas da região, visando contribuir com a formação permanente e ampliação das possibilidades de atuação dos sujeitos envolvidos. Sendo assim, desenvolvemos em parceria com a Escola de Ensino Básico Professor Mota Pires, localizada no município de Araranguá, o curso de “Judô Escolar”. O desenvolvimento do projeto ocorreu em quatro etapas: i) Fundamentação e discussão teórica (com o apoio de materiais específicos produzidos pelo IFC-SRS); ii) vivências práticas orientadas pelo professor; iii) discussão, reflexão e avaliação do projeto; iv) Cerimônia de certificação. Resultados e conclusão: dos vinte e três (23) participantes, vinte e um (21) concluíram o curso. E de acordo com à avaliação realizada junto aos envolvidos, o projeto demonstrou ser uma estratégia viável no que se refere a formação permanente e diversificação do currículo da Educação Física Escolar.
Vivências do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde – PET-Saúde GraduaSUS: uma experiência de capacitação com Agentes Comunitários de Saúde como protagonistas
Authors: Antunes Procópio Susana Pereira , Chaves Bruna de Oliveira , Pinto Gliverson George Teixeira , De Sousa Luana Rodrigues , Pires Pollyanna Costa Cardoso , Almeida Nízia Araújo Vieira , Paula Patrícia Aparecida Baumgratz
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho descreve as vivências na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) Santa Helena I e II em Governador Valadares-MG, pela equipe de Nutrição do PET-Saúde GraduaSUS da UFJF-GV, com uma experiência de capacitação com Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) como protagonistas. Foi realizado o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, o diagnóstico do cenário foi levantado através de observações em campo e em visitas domiciliares, para o levantamento da situação-problema da ESF, envolvendo a participação de profissionais de saúde e usuários. Para tanto, foram realizadas oficinas e, assim, eleito o problema priorizado, sendo ele: a falta de capacitação dos ACS. Foi, então, feito o diagrama de causa-consequência (espinha de peixe), tendo como foco a imagem-objetivo: capacitação dos ACS. Desta forma, foram realizadas oficinas de capacitação para elaboração dos Procedimentos Operacionais Padronizados (POP), referente ao acolhimento do usuário na unidade de saúde e o de visitas domiciliares, com o protagonismo dos ACS. A valorização do importante papel dos ACS, como interlocutores entre a ESF e a comunidade, e o reconhecimento de pertencimento como profissional do serviço de saúde refletem na qualidade do serviço prestado e melhor atendimento ao usuário.
HISTÓRICO DO PROJETO RE_INVENTAR: DESENVOLVENDO HABILIDADES EM ENGENHARIA
Authors: Moraes Jorge André Ribas , Johanna Dreher Thomas  , Cássio Denis de Oliveira  , André Luiz Emmel Silva
Published: August 2020

A fim de despertar o interesse dos jovens nas áreas das engenharias a Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul criou o projeto de extensão Re_Inventar: Desenvolvendo Habilidades em Engenharia. Iniciou-se no ano de 2013, com caráter voltado apenas a escolas privadas. No ano de 2015 propôs-se a ampliar o projeto, através de parcerias com escolas municipais, visando maior alcance do público, alunos do 9° ano do ensino fundamental e alunos do 1° e 2° ano do ensino médio. O projeto visa instigar nos alunos noções e habilidades de engenharia, através da montagem de kits alemães (maquetes funcionais), permitindo-os simular objetos do mundo real, podendo acoplar motores, lâmpadas e sensores e controla-los através de programação.
Nomogram Model for Predicting Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients with Stage I Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Competing Risk Analysis
Authors: Li Jianjie , Zheng Qiwen , Zhao Xinghui , Zhao Jun , An Tongtong , Wu Meina , Wang Yuyan , Zhuo Minglei , Zhong Jia , Yang Xue , Jia Bo , Chen Hanxiao , Dong Zhi , Wang Jingjing , Zhai Xiaoyu , Chi Yujia , wang ziping
Published: August 2020

Background: The five-year cumulative incidence rate in patients diagnosed with stage I small-cell lung cancer(SCLC) who were instructed to undergo surgery was from 40% to 60%.The death competition influence the accuracy of the classical survival analyses.The aim of the study is to investigate the mortality of stage I small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients in the presence of competing risks according to a proportional hazards model, and to establish a competing risk nomogram to predict probabilities of both cause-specific death and death resulting from other causes.Methods : The study subjects were patients diagnosed with stage I SCLC according to ICD-O-3. First, the cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) of cause-specific death, as well as of death resulting from other causes, were calculated. Then, a proportional hazards model for the sub-distribution of competing risks and a monogram were constructed to evaluate the probability of mortality in stage I SCLC patients.Results: 1811 patients were included in this study. The five-year probabilities of death due to specific causes and other causes were 61.5% and 13.6%, respectively. Tumor size, extent of tumor, surgery, and radiotherapy were identified as the predictors of death resulting from specific causes in stage I SCLC. The results showed that surgery could effectively reduce the cancer-specific death, and the one-year cumulative incidence dropped from 34.5% to 11.2%. Like surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy improved the one-year survival rate.Conclusions: We constructed a predictive model for stage I SCLC using the data from the SEER database. The proportional sub-distribution models of competing risks revealed the predictors of death resulting from both specific causes and other causes. The competing risk nomogram that we built to predict the prognosis showed good reliability and could provide beneficial and individualized predictive information for stage I SCLC patients.
The Need for a Telemedicine Strategy for Botswana? A Scoping Review and Situational Assessment.
Authors: Ncube Benson , Mars Maurice , Scott Richard E
Published: August 2020

Background: Health, healthcare, and healthcare system problems within the developing world are well recognised. eHealth, the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) for health, is frequently suggested as one means by which to ameliorate such problems. However, to identify and implement the most appropriate ehealth solutions requires development of a thoughtful and broadly evidence-informed strategy. Most published strategies focus on health informatics solutions, neglecting the potential for other aspects of ehealth (telehealth, telemedicine, elearning, and ecommerce). This study examined the setting in Botswana to determine the need for a telemedicine-specific strategy.Methods: A situational assessment of ehealth activities in Botswana was performed through a scoping review of the scientific and grey literature using specified search terms to July 2018; an interview with an official from the major mhealth stakeholder; and benchtop review of policies and other relevant Government documents including the country’s current draft eHealth Strategy. Results: Thirty-nine papers were reviewed. Various ehealth technologies have been applied within Botswana. These include Skype for educational activities, instant messaging (WhatsApp for telepathology; SMS for transmission of laboratory test results, patient appointment reminders, and invoicing and bill payment), and robotics for dermatopathology. In addition health informatics technologies have been used for surveillance, monitoring, and access to information by healthcare workers. The number of distinct health information systems has been reduced from 37 to 12, and 9 discrete EMRs remain active within the public health institutions. Many infrastructural issues were identified. A critical assessment of the current draft ehealth strategy document for Botswana showed limitations. Many telemedicine services have been introduced over the years (addressing cervical cancer screening, teledermatology, teleradiology, oral medicine and eye screening), but only one project was confirmed to be active and being scaled up with the intervention of the Government.Conclusions: Botswana’s draft ‘ehealth’ strategy will not, in and of itself, nurture innovative growth in the application of telemedicine initiatives, which currently are fragmented and stalled. This lack of focus is preventing telemedicine’s recognised potential from being leveraged. A specific Telemedicine Strategy, aligned with and supportive of the pre-existing ehealth strategy, would provide the necessary focus, stimulus, and guidance.
Photosynthesis, biomass and fine root growth dynamics of soybean in walnut-soybean agroforestry system
Authors: Liu Bin , Gao Pengxiang , Zhang Shuoxin
Published: August 2020

Background:Agroforestry system is regarded as a promising practice in sustainable agricultural management. However, the effects of long-term tree-based intercropping on crop remain poorly understood, especially in the Loess Plateau. In this study, the impacts of photosynthetic and respiration rate were determined by the portable photosynthesis system (Li-6400), and the effects of the root growth dynamics of soybean in walnut-soybean intercropping system were measured by soil auger and WinRHIZO root analysis system, in the Loess Plateau. Results:The results showed that soybean reached the highest net photosynthetic rate during flowering period, with the net photosynthetic rate of intercropped soybean, which was 20.40µmol·m-2·s-1, significantly higher than that of its monocropped counterpart. Soybean biomass reached the maximum during the pod-bearing period, with intercropped soybean biomass being 25.49g, significantly higher than that of its monocropped counterpart. The mean diameter and increased density of soybean fine roots reduced along with increased soil depth. Both the diameter (0.43mm) and increased density (930cm/dm3) of intercropped soybean fine roots were evidently higher than those of monocropped soybean(0.35mm, 780cm/dm3). With increasing cropping years, fine roots of intercropped soybean tended to be mainly distributed in soil at a depth between 0 and 20cm from the fifth year. Conclusion:Collectively, compared with soybean monoculture, walnut soybean agroforestry system is more conducive to soybean growth in the Loess Plateau.
Associations between social and intellectual activities with cognitive trajectories in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a nationally representative cohort study
Authors: Li Haibin , Li Changwei , Wang Anxin , Qi Yanling , Feng Wei , Hou Chengbei , Tao Lixin , Liu Xiangtong , Li Xia , Wang Wei , Zheng Deqiang , Guo Xiuhua
Published: August 2020

Background: Associations between the frequency of social and intellectual activities and cognitive trajectories are understudied in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. We aimed to examine this association in a nationally representative longitudinal study.Methods: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a nationally representative sample of Chinese middle-aged and older participants. The frequency of social and intellectual activities was measured at baseline. Interview-based cognitive assessments of orientation and attention, episodic memory, and visuospatial skills and the calculation of combined global scores were assessed every 2 year from 2011 to 2016. Cognitive trajectories over the study period were analyzed using group-based trajectory model, and the associations of the trajectory memberships with social and intellectual activities were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.Results: Among 8204 participants aged 50-75 years, trajectory analysis identified three longitudinal patterns of cognitive function based on the global cognitive scores: “persistently low trajectory” (n = 1550, 18.9%); “persistently moderate trajectory” (n = 3194, 38.9%); and “persistently high trajectory” (n = 3460, 42.2%). After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, lifestyles, geriatric symptoms and health conditions, more frequent intellectual activities (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38-0.77) and social activities (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.95) were both associated with a lower likelihood of being in the “persistently low trajectory” for global cognitive function.Conclusions: These findings suggested that more frequent social and intellectual activities were associated with more favorable cognitive aging trajectories.
Exploring the reasons why women prefer to give birth at home in rural northern Ghana: A qualitative study
Authors: Adatara Peter , Strumpher Johanita , Ricks Esmeralda
Published: August 2020

Background: Skilled birth care during childbirth is reported in the literature as one critical strategy for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of birth care provided by skilled birth attendants, women in rural areas of northern Ghana still give birth utilising the birth services provided by Traditional Birth Attendants. The aim of this study, therefore, was to explore and describe the factors and experiences of a small group of rural women choosing homebirth in rural northern Ghana. Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted to explore the reasons why women prefer to deliver at home in rural areas of northern Ghana. Individual interviews were used to obtain a full description of factors and experiences of women associated with home births in rural areas in Ghana. The research population consisted of 10 women who utilised birth care services provided by Traditional Birth Attendants in a rural community of northern Ghana. Data collected from the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed to identify themes. Results: This study, which was conducted amonga small group of women, yielded interesting results on why these women still give birth at home in rural northern Ghana. It was found out that perceived poor quality of care and conduct of skilled birth attendants; the perception that women received better care from Traditional Birth Attendants; financial constraints and lack of access to healthcare facilities in the rural areas by these women accounted for majority of the reasons why women in rural northern Ghana still give birth at home. Conclusion : The study highlighted some barriers experienced by participants to the utilisation of birth care services provided by skilled birth attendants in rural northern Ghana. Management of healthcare facilities should facilitate the implementation of supportive supervision in the maternity units to improve the quality of care and attitude delivered by skilled birth attendants in maternity care in rural communities.
Recognition of stroke-related knowledge among community residents and the improvement after intensive health education: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhong Xuemin , Wang Jian , He Lanying , Xu Ronghua
Published: August 2020

Background: The high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates of stroke constitute a heavy burden to the society. The level of understanding about stroke warning symptoms and first aid systems among community residents was generally low. The aim of our work is to investigate stroke-related knowledge in community residents of Jinjiang district of Chengdu and to raise public awareness about stroke through an intensive educational program. Methods: Nine communities in Jinjiang district were sampled and a questionnaire about stroke-related knowledge was applied before and after stroke educational activities. We analyzed the impact of such activities in stroke recognition and management. Results: We collected 1685 valid questionnaires. The awareness about stroke risk before educational activities was 11.4%. The recognition of stroke warning signs among community residents was 29.8-59.5%. Among them, the recognition of major signs, such as limb weakness, language disorder, and imbalance was more than 50%. When faced with five stroke warning signs, the proportion of participants who chose to make an emergency call was 41.5%. Less than 10% of the participants chose to consult a doctor, take medicine, or wait. After strengthening publicity and educational activities regarding stroke, there was a significant improvement in the identification of stroke risk factors, warning signs, and stroke management. The percentage of participants who chose to make an emergency call increased from 53.2% to 82.7%. Conclusions: The knowledge about stroke among community residents in Jinjiang District of Chengdu was low. Strengthening publicity and educational activities may raise awareness about stroke prioritizing call emergency after the onset of stroke signs.
Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan: comparisons with the general population
Authors: Kawakami Norito , Fukasawa Maiko , Sakata Kiyomi , Suzuki Ruriko , Tomita Hiroaki , Nemoto Harumi , Yasumura Seiji , Yabe Hirooki , Horikoshi Naoko , Umeda Maki , Suzuki Yuriko , Shimoda Haruki , Tachimori Hisateru , Takeshima Tadashi , Bromet Evelyn J
Published: August 2020

Background

People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the three years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.

Methods

Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,089 adult residents living in temporary housing in the disaster area, i.e., the shelter group, and a random sample of 852 community residents from non-disaster areas of East Japan. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected.

Results

Response rates were 49% and 46% for the shelter group and the community residents, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population. The rate of remission for mood and anxiety disorders was significantly lower in the shelter group than in the community residents. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group.

Conclusions

The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower in the shelter group than in the general population. Post-disaster mental health service could consider the greater incidence in the first year and prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.
Worse treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in young patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Xu Meifang , Wu Yong , Li Shoufeng , Liu Xing , Guan Guoxian
Published: August 2020

Background: To evaluate the impact of age on the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).Method: LARC patients undergoing NCRT and radical surgery from 2011 to 2018 were divided into young (<40 years) and old (≥40 years) groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for pathological complete response (pCR). Predictive nomograms and decision curve analysis were used to compare the models including/excluding age groups. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect CD133 expression in LARC patients.Result: A total of 901 LARC patients were analyzed. The young group was associated with poorly differentiated tumors, more metastatic lymph nodes, higher perineural invasion, and a lower tumor regression grade (P = 0.008; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age <40 years (HR = 2.190, P = 0.044), tumor size (HR = 0.538, P < 0.001), pre-NCRT cN stage (HR = 0.570, P = 0.036), and post-NCRT CEA level (HR = 0.877, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with pCR. Predictive nomograms and decision curve analysis demonstrated that the predictive ability of models including the age group was superior to that of models excluding the age group. Higher CD133 expression was more common in young LARC patients.Conclusion: Young patients with LARC were associated with lower pCR rates following NCRT. The ability of the predictive model was greater when based on the age group. Young LARC patients were associated with a higher CD133+ tumor stem cell burden, which contributed to the lower pCR rates.
Quality of Life and mortality in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phyo Aung Zaw Zaw , Freak-Poli Rosanne , Craig Heather , Gasevic Danijela , Stocks Nigel , Gonzalez-Chica David A. , Ryan Joanne
Published: August 2020

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is multi-dimensional concept of an individual’ general well-being status in relation to their value, environment, cultural and social context in which they live. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesise available evidence on the association between QoL and mortality in the general population.Methods: An electronic search was conducted using three bibliographic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Inclusion criteria were studies that assessed QoL using standardized tools and examined mortality risk in a non-patient population. Qualitative data synthesis and meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed.Results: Of 4,184 articles identified, 47 were eligible for inclusion, involving approximately 1,200,000 participants. Studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of QoL measures, population characteristics and data analysis. In total, 43 studies (91.5%) reported that better QoL was associated with lower mortality risk. The results of four meta-analyses indicated that higher health-related QoL (HRQoL) is associated with lower mortality risk, which was consistent for overall HRQoL (HR 0.633, 95% CI: 0.514 to 0.780), physical function (HR 0.987, 95% CI: 0.982 to 0.992), physical component score (OR 0.950, 95% CI: 0.935 to 0.965), and mental component score (OR 0.980, 95% CI: 0.969 to 0.992).Conclusion: These findings provide evidence that better QoL/HRQoL was associated with lower mortality risk. The utility of these measures in predicting mortality risk indicates that they should be considered further as potential screening tools in general clinical practice, beyond the traditional objective measures such as body mass index and the results of laboratory tests.
Split household and smoking behavior of rural migrants in China
Authors: Wang Zicheng , Wu Qiushi , Ming Juan
Published: August 2020

Background: With Hukou constraints, a large proportion of rural migrants have to leave part of their family members stay at hometown, the split household may induce smoking behavior among rural migrants in destination cites.Objective: This study aims to address association between split household and smoking behavior, while the main discussion is to explore the differences between the three forms of split households---involving sole migration, couple migration, and family migration.Method: A unique and comprehensive database named Rural Urban Migration in China (RUMiC-2009) is applied to explore the association between split household and the smoking behavior; Analyses are conducted using the Chi-square tests and Logit regression.Results: The prevalence of smoking among family migrants (23.54%) is less than those sole migrants (25.46%) and couple migrants (35.13%). The family migrants (OR= 0.7445; 95% CI= 0.5955, 0.930) and couple migrants (OR= 0.8785; 95% CI= 0.6939, 1.1121) are less prone to smoke than the sole migrants counterparts. The family migrants (Coefficient= -0.0787; CI= -0.1229,-0.0346) and couple migrants (Coefficient= -0.0726; CI= -0.1188,-0.0264) show lower lever of depression compared with the sole migration groups.Conclusions: Split household is positively associated with the smoking behavior of rural migrants. While the depression may play as the potential transmission channel linked the spit household and smoking prevalence.
The Impact of Irregular Corneal Shape Parameters on Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity
Authors: Liduma Sanita , Luguzis Artis , Krumina Gunta
Published: August 2020

Background: To understand which irregular corneal parameters determine the visual quality in keratoconus subjects. Methods: The cross-sectional study examined the eyes of 44 subjects, graded from the first to third keratoconus stages by Amsler-Krumeich classification. We obtained measurements in two ways: (a) by projecting two perpendicular axes onto a cornea (first, through the central point of the cornea and keratoconus apex; second, as the perpendicular axis) to read the elevation values at points on these axes as parameters characterising the corneal surface; (b) by projecting circles with different diameters around the central part of the cornea (1, 2, and 3 mm) and reading elevation values at points equally displaced on these circles as parameters characterising an anterior surface slope. Irregular corneal shape parameters’ correlations with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were determined in order to understand which corneal slope parameter has the strongest correlation with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.Results: .Parameters characterising the corneal surface’s correlations with contrast sensitivity were from r=0.25 (p=0.03) at 3 cpd to r=0.47 (p<0.01) at 9 cpd for the highest elevation and from r=0.33 (p=0.09) at 5 cpd to r=0.40 (p<0.01) at 11 cpd for the lowest elevation in all subjects together, while for visual acuity the parameters were r=0.30 (p<0.01) for the highest elevation and r=0.21 (p=0.06) for the lowest elevation in all subjects together. The correlation between contrast sensitivity and the highest and lowest corneal point in all measured cornea was stronger for subjects with a peripheral corneal apex than for those with a central apex. In keratoconus subjects, contrast sensitivity displayed a strong correlation with slope in the central part of the cornea (with a radius of 1 mm) ranging from 0.48 (p<0.01) at 3 cpd to 0.61 (p<0.01) at 9 cpd.Conclusion: Contrast sensitivity has a higher correlation with corneal shape parameters than with visual acuity. Subjects with a peripheral corneal apex had stronger correlations with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity than did subjects with a central apex. In keratoconus subjects, the strongest correlation was for contrast sensitivity and elevation (slope) in the region within a 1 mm radius of the corneal centre in the opposite direction of the keratoconus apex (direction (ax) CB).
Energy efficiency in an integrated agro-ecosystem within an acidic soil area of the Mekong delta, Vietnam
Authors: Thao Nguyen Thi Thu , Tung Tra Van , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong , Thanh Son Le , Braunegg Sibylle , Braunegg Gerhart , Schnitzer Hans , Le Hai Thanh
Published: August 2020

Background: Both exergy and energy analysis methodologies are used for analysing energy efficiencies in various processes, including agriculture. This study focuses on the connection of three main process components (husbandry-crop-fishpond) in a typical farming household located within an acid soil region of rural Vietnam. The concept of exergy analysis is used to underline the potential for resource efficiency in alternative processes in the agricultural system. For development of an integrated ecological system aiming towards zero-emissions, the analytical methods of material cycles and energy flows utilized a set of indicators of resource efficiency in a sustainable agriculture.Results: The design of the ideal integrated farming system “Agro-Industrial Zero Emissions Systems” (AIZES) can increase the system efficiency by making use of indigenous natural materials and waste reuse/recycling. Recycling waste produce energy, fish feed and fertilizer can result in a decreased environmental load of approximately half. Using exergy analysis to calculate an indicator non-renewable yield ratio (NRYR), the systems verified sustainability of agriculture production.Conclusions: The farming household will be able to subsidize their fuel and electricity consumption by utilizing biogas.. Surplus biogas will be distributed to proximate households, further creating sustainable goals. Biochar, created by mixing the biomass residues with local plants, will improve soil quality and pig sludge, mixed with biomass residue, will create high-quality fertilizer.