PENAMBAHAN KLORIDA DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA BEBERAPA JENIS TANAH UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: KASNO A. , EFFENDI DEDI SOLEH 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) berkembang pesat di Indonesia<br />dan  penggunaan  pupuk  meningkat.  Pada  awalnya  pupuk  KCl<br />memperhitungkan hara K, namun diketahui hara Cl juga merupakan hara<br />mikro esensial. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari penambahan Cl dan<br />bahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar Cl dalam tanaman dan<br />akar kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian<br />Tanah, Bogor, tahun 2011. Contoh tanah diambil dari Cinangneng, Bogor<br />(Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols), Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols), dan<br />Sumatera Selatan (Gambut). Bibit kelapa sawit varietas Avros umur tiga<br />bulan ditanam dalam polibag dan dipanen setelah berumur 8 bulan.<br />Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah, dengan petak utama<br />empat jenis tanah, dan empat anak petak, yaitu (1) Kontrol (-Cl), (2) KCl,<br />(3) NPK, dan (4) KCl + bahan organik. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali.<br />Parameter yang diamati tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot kering<br />tanaman dan akar, analisis Cl dalam tanah, daun, dan akar. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Cl menurunkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa<br />sawit pada Oxisols, namun meningkatkan pada Inceptisols, Ultisols, dan<br />Gambut. Pemberian bahan jenis organik nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan<br />kelapa sawit pada ke empat tanah. Pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkan<br />bobot kering tanaman kelapa sawit pada Inceptisols, Oxisols, dan Gambut,<br />namun meningkatkan bobot kering tanaman pada Ultisols. Pemberian hara<br />Cl meningkatkan bobot kering akar tanaman kelapa sawit pada ke empat<br />jenis tanah, namun meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam akar kelapa sawit,<br />sedangkan pemberian hara Cl tidak meningkatkan kadar Cl dalam daun,<br />kecuali pada Oxisols. Pemberian bahan organik menurunkan kadar Cl<br />dalam daun pada Ultisols dan tanah Gambut.<br />Kata kunci: bahan organik, Elaeis guineensis, jenis tanah, klorida,<br />pertumbuhan</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) was growing rapidly in Indonesia<br />and fertilizers use increased. Initially KCl were calculated as K nutrient,<br />but it is known that Cl is also an essential micronutrients. The research<br />aimed at studying the Cl and organic matter application on growth and Cl<br />content in plants and roots of oil palm. The study was conducted in the<br />greenhouse of Soil Research Institute, Bogor, in 2011. Soil samples were<br />taken from Cinangneng, Bogor (Inceptisols), Cigudeg, Bogor (Oxisols),<br />Kentrong, Lebak (Ultisols) and South Sumatra (Peat). AVROS varieties of<br />oil palm seedlings used 3 months being planted in polybags and harvested<br />after 8 months. The experiment design used was split plot design, with<br />four soil types as main plot, and four sub plots e.i. (1) Control (-Cl), (2)<br />KCl, (3) NPK, and (4) KCl + organic matter. Every treatment repeated<br />four times. Parameters observed are plant height, stem diameter, plant and<br />root dry weight and Cl analysis in soil, leaves, and roots. The result<br />showed that Cl application decreasing oil palm growth in Oxisols. Organic<br />matter application siqnificant increase of oil palm growth on the fourth<br />soil. The application of Cl nutrient did not increase the dry weight of plant<br />in Inceptisols, Oxisols, and Peat soil, but increased the dry weight of plants<br />on Ultisols. The application of Cl did not increase root dry weight in the<br />four soils, but increased Cl content in the roots in the four soil. While the<br />application of Cl did not increase of Cl content in leaves, except in<br />Oxisols. Organic matter application can reduce the content of Cl in the<br />leaves on the Ultisols and Peat soil.<br />Key words: organic matter, Elaeis guineensis, soil type, chloride, growth</p>