bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alice: Arts Lab in Interfaces, Computers, and Everything Else - Research report (2019)
Authors: Schiavoni Flávio Luiz , Gomes André , De Paulo Avner , De Souza Carlos , Carvalho Fábio , Resende Frederico , Rocha Gabriel Lopes , Silva Junior Igino , Andrade Igor , Araújo João , Santos Luísa , Gonçalves Luan , Canito Mauro César Fachina , Da Silva Octávio , Costa Rômulo Augusto Vieira , Morandi Thiago , Santos Junior Valdir
Published: May 2020

Located in the Computer Science Department of the Federal University of São João del-Rei, but not limited to just this space, ALICE has emerged as a research group focused on the development of software, art and technologies for the area of computer music and digital arts. Over the time, ALICE became the laboratory to develop technologies to an artistic group, called Orchidea, focused on the creation of digital art, encompassing students from diverse areas, such as Computer Science, Scenic Arts, Architecture and Music in a transdisciplinary context of art creation. In this way, this work aims to present the various initiatives and proposals carried out by the ALICE, addressing the development of technological products, through the tools implemented and the external tools used for teaching and for artistic creation. In addition, this work describes the current researches that are under development by the members of the groups, also highlighting the development of the digital performance titled “O Chaos das 5” and all the aspects and learning that we have obtained so far with this performance.
Iterative Meditations: The use of audio feature extraction tools on acousmatic composition
Authors: Oliveira Neto Aluizio
Published: May 2020

This piece explores some possibilities of using Music Information Retrieval and Signal Processing techniques to extract acoustic features from recorded material and use this data to inform the decision making process that is intrinsic to music composition. By trying to identify or create sound descriptors that correlate to the composer’s subjective sensations of listening it was possible to compare and manipulate samples on the basis of this information, bridging the gap between the imagined acoustic targets and the actions required to achieve it. “Iterative Meditations” was created through an iterative process of listening, analyzing, acting and refining the analysis techniques used, having as end product the musical piece itself as well as gathering a collection of tools for writing music.
Reﬂecting on the Dream of Automated Vehicles. Visions of Hands Free Driving over the past 80 years / Überlegungen zum Traum vom automatisierten Fahrzeug. Visionen selbsttätigen Fahrens aus den letzten 80 Jahren
Authors: Wetmore Jameson M.
Published: May 2020

A number of corporations around the world are promising that self-driving cars are just around the corner. They aren’t simply building, testing, and refining vehicles, however. They are also seeking to shape our expectations, goals, and values surrounding the technology. They are telling us what automated vehicles will look like, how they will be integrated into society, what problems they will solve, and how our lives will change. If we as citizens, consumers, or the general public would like to entertain other possibilities, we need to consider and reflect on alternative ideas.

This article looks back at 80 years of visions of automated vehicles in the United States for examples of alternative ways to think about the technology. It highlights automated vehicles from four different time periods - the late 1930s/early 1940s, the 1950s, the 1990s, and the early 2000s - examines the futures that were promoted in those efforts. It analyses each of these future visions by exploring three questions: What does the technology look like? Why should it be built? And what organizations should help to create it? By exploring different visions of an automated vehicle future we can better see the paths that are currently not being presented to us and decide for ourselves whether visions from the past might be a better roadmap to the future we want to build.
Die Zuordnung von Arbeitnehmern durch Direktionsrecht als Umgehungsmaßnahme im Betriebsübergang
Authors: Schmidt Carlo
Published: May 2020

Die europarechtlich überlagerte Vorschrift des § 613a BGB hat höchste praktische Relevanz und gilt angesichts ihres zwingenden Charakters und ihrer Komplexität als besonders umgehungsanfällig. Bislang nur wenig beachtet ist die Frage, inwieweit die einseitige Zuordnung von Arbeitnehmern zu Betrieben oder Betriebsteilen durch den Betriebsinhaber im Vorfeld eines Betriebsübergangs eine unzulässige Umgehung von § 613a BGB und der darin gesetzlich angeordneten Arbeitsvertragsübernahme darstellen kann.

Die vorliegende Arbeit erörtert die Grundsätze der Gesetzesumgehung im Betriebsübergang und untersucht die vorhandenen Ansichten zur Umgehungsrelevanz von betriebsübergangsnahen Zuordnungen. Ausgehend hiervon entwickelt der Autor einen schutzzweckbezogenen und fallgruppenorientierten Lösungsweg für betriebsübergangsnahe Zuordnungsmaßnahmen des Betriebsinhabers, der den Gleichlauf von Arbeitsverhältnis und funktionellem Arbeitsplatz in den Vordergrund der Umgehungsprüfung stellt.
Der Schulddefekt im Völkerstrafrecht
Authors: Babucke Lea
Published: May 2020

In nationalen Strafrechtsordnungen moderner Prägung kommt der Frage der Schuldfähigkeit des Täters eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Die Häufigkeit der Feststellung krankheitsbedingter Schuldeinschränkungen, von Schulddefekten, scheint dabei mit der Schwere der Tat zu korrelieren. Aus dieser Perspektive sollte auch im Völkerstrafrecht die Frage nach Schulddefekten gestellt werden. Schließlich hat dieses die strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit für schwerste Verbrechen zum Gegenstand, Verbrechen, die die internationale Gemeinschaft als Ganze betreffen. Wie wird hier also mit Grenzen der Schuld umgegangen?

Das Werk untersucht rechtsvergleichend Regelungen zum Schulddefekt und deren Handhabung in der Praxis. Es stellt die diesbezüglichen Defizite im völkerstrafrechtlichen Kontext heraus und hinterfragt deren Ursachen.

Auf Basis der gewonnen Erkenntnisse wird ein Reformvorschlag zur Optimierung der Untersuchung und Feststellung von Schulddefekten formuliert und zur Diskussion gestellt.
Den Glauben an die Welt mit dem Wahnsinn bezahlen
Authors: Alexius Christian
Published: May 2020

Using the example of ‘I’M A CYBORG, BUT THAT’S OK’ (KR 2006), this volume deals with the occurrence of mentally ill characters in complexly narrated films since the 1990s. It questions the connection between the characteristics of classical and modern cinema, which is often described in this context, and interprets schizophrenic characters as reactions to media changes in the form of ‘digital paranoia’. Although these characters make it clear that film could lose touch with the real world as a result of digital technology, it is precisely their delusional nature that could restore human faith in the world, as Gilles Deleuze thought. Consequently, the films can be seen as both indicators of a crisis between film and the world and between film and audiences, and, paradoxically, as a solution to the problem. The author’s historical and philosophical considerations with regard to film thus lead to a new perspective on post-classical cinema.
Der Klageverzicht in Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen
Authors: Bitta Christina
Published: May 2020

§ 309 Nr. 14 BGB wurde im Jahr 2016 in den Katalog des § 309 BGB eingefügt. Als Klauselverbot ohne Wertungsmöglichkeit setzt es einem Klageverzicht in Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen zugunsten eines außergerichtlichen Streitbeilegungsverfahrens Grenzen. Entscheidend für das Verständnis des § 309 Nr. 14 BGB sind sowohl die europarechtlichen Vorgaben im Bereich der außergerichtlichen Streitbeilegung als auch die hinter dem Klauselverbot stehenden gesetzgeberischen Wertungen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden der Anwendungsbereich und die Wirkungsweise des § 309 Nr. 14 BGB vorliegend ebenso thematisiert wie der Hintergrund, der zum Erlass der Regelung führte.
Sozialethik als Kritik
Authors: Becka Michelle , Emunds Bernhard , Eurich Johannes , Kubon-Gilke Gisela , Meireis Torsten , Möhring-Hesse Matthias
Published: May 2020

Critique is common these days—and, in turn, is often subjected to criticism too. Against this background, this volume is an attempt to explore a Christian, social–ethical form of critique. Its aim is to critique the irrationality embedded in the structures of society with the practical purpose of creating more rational social institutions. There is no social critique, understood as a practice of reason, without a critique of domination, exclusion and subalternity. In that vein, any allegedly neutral practice or idea of reason also needs to be criticised.

With contributions by
Michelle Becka, Bernhard Emunds, Johannes Eurich, Gisela Kubon-Gilke, Torsten Meireis, Matthias Möhring-Hesse
Die Stellungnahme der Zielgesellschaft und die Gegenleistung in der Unternehmensübernahme
Authors: Schmoll Philip M.
Published: May 2020

In addition to the offer document of the bidder, the reasoned opinion of the management board and the supervisory board of the target company is the central source of information for the addressees of a public (takeover) offer in order to be able to make an informed decision on the offer. The most important part of the reasoned opinion is the statement of the management board and the supervisory board of the target company regarding the type and amount of the consideration offered. The thesis examines, in a practical manner, the legal prerequisites for this part of the reasoned opinion and analyses the compliance of the current sanctioning of incorrect opinions with European law. On the one hand, the thesis therefore brings legal certainty for professionals. On the other hand, it points out possibilities for future reforms of the sanctioning of incorrect opinions. Thus, the thesis is directed at professionals and academics, as well as at the legislation.
A remuneração de professores públicos municipais no Brasil entre 2008 e 2016: um estudo a partir da Rais
Authors: Silva Marcus Quintanilha da
Published: May 2020

Neste texto apresenta-se a análise da remuneração dos professores públicos municipais brasileiros entre 2008 e 2016. Para tal, adotou-se uma abordagem quantitativa utilizando os dados da Rais em intervalos bienais. A discussão teórica transitou no conceito da remuneração docente como resultado de política pública, em que a alocação de recursos na administração pública é uma decisão política e, na disputa pelo fundo público, o posicionamento do governo federal no período analisado parece ser determinante no aspecto de indução à valorização da remuneração docente. Os resultados indicam uma valorização real da remuneração docente, mas com diferenciação nas formas de contratação e etapas ou modalidades. Além disso, a escolaridade continua a ser diferencial na valorização remuneratória.Palavras-chave: remuneração docente; financiamento da educação; políticas educacionais; Rais; fundo público.
O impacto das diretrizes nacionais para a formação humanística do curso de graduação em Administração Pública da UFRRJ
Authors: Baptista Vinicius Ferreira
Published: May 2020

Neste texto discute-se os resultados da reformulação do projeto pedagógico do curso de graduação em Administração Pública de 2017 da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, em cotejo com o projeto pedagógico de 2010 e as críticas contidas acerca deste em Baptista (2017). Analisamos 38 disciplinas que compõem a formação do discentes em créditos contidas no PPCGAP, especificamente nos atentando sobre ementas de 24 disciplinas obrigatórias quanto: objetivo geral, objetivos específicos, ementa, conteúdo programático, referências bibliográficas. No caso do novo PPCGAP/2017 da UFRRJ podemos situar uma formação humanística. No ciclo de formação básica, que vai do 1º ao 4º período, quase 65% das disciplinas abordam questões de desigualdade social, classe, gênero, raça e sexualidade. No novo PPCGAP/2017 há menção clara e direta aos tipos de desigualdades, violação de direitos e o compromisso do gestor público para com a resolução destes e outros problemas. Por fim, pode-se afirmar que o novo PPCGAP/2017 é pautado em sentido humanístico, crítico e situado em perspectiva democrática no âmbito de combate às desigualdades sociais.Palavras-chave: projeto pedagógico, administração pública, formação humanística, UFRRJ.
Particularidades de um instituto federal e de seus professores
Authors: Schneiders Patrícia Mallmann , Gama Maria Eliza Rosa
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo foi elaborado a partir de dados preliminares de uma das pesquisas desenvolvidas no âmbito do Grupo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão Docência, Escola e Formação de Professores e junto ao Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Políticas Públicas e Gestão Educacional da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Como objetivo buscou-se evidenciar as principais características do contexto de um instituto federal de educação, ciência e tecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e dos professores ali inseridos. A metodologia utilizada teve abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de observação, análise documental e diário de bordo. A partir das investigações verificou-se especificidades gerais dos institutos federais e particularidades da atuação docente nesse contexto.Palavras-chave: institutos federais de educação; professores; trabalho docente.
Governance Entrepreneurs as Spoilers in Nordic Defence Cooperation
Authors: Bredesen Maren Garberg , Friis Karsten
Published: May 2020

The deteriorated security situation in Europe has contributed to a renewed focus on Nordic defence cooperation. Recent political statements indicate an increased interest among the Nordic states to strengthen regional security cooperation in times of peace, crisis and conflict. Nonetheless, the main obstacles preventing close integration remain in place, in particular the different strategic orientations when it comes to NATO and EU-membership among the Nordics. While this is well known among scholars, less emphasis has been on the lower-level challenges Nordic defence cooperation initiatives has met. Bureaucratic mismatches and diverging industrial interests can have an important negative impact on politically endorsed projects. Governance entrepreneurs can not only undermine a specific project, but may also contribute negatively to the larger political climate between states. This article will illustrate the argument with several cases of botched Swedish-Norwegian cooperation, with particular emphasis on the Archer artillery project. This was a politically prestigious joint procurement project which failed, with significant souring of political relations as a result.
O acolhimento do imigrante como marco de solidariedade no contexto de graduação em Saúde
Authors: Do Nascimento Luiz Claudio Sobrinho , Kuzma Cesar , Garbelini Maria Cecília Da Lozzo , Prado Maria Rosa Machado , Sanches Leide Da Conceição
Published: May 2020

A imigração é um fenômeno que traz desafios, tanto para os imigrantes quanto para as sociedades que os acolhem. Este estudo teve como objetivo perceber como o acolhimento dos imigrantes é trabalhado nos cursos de graduação em saúde, pela perspectiva dos discentes. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, no qual foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte e oito (28) discentes de três (3) cursos de graduação em saúde de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) da cidade de Curitiba/PR. As informações foram analisadas conforme análise de conteúdo de Bardin, por meio da qual se organizou e categorizou as informações contidas no conteúdo das entrevistas, as quais foram gravadas. Os resultados apontam que, embora não se trabalhe pontualmente com a questão do imigrante em sala de aula, a maioria (90,3%) dos discentes tiveram contato com estes, inevitavelmente, em atividades práticas, seja por meio de atividades de estágio ou internato. Isso deflagra que nem sempre a teoria e a prática estão alinhadas, e, independentemente de cursos de graduação abordarem ou não a questão, os profissionais oriundos destes cursos terão que lidar com esta realidade em algum momento da vida, já que o fluxo migratório faz parte da realidade. As informações obtidas neste estudo permitiram averiguar junto aos discentes a importância de estar discutindo o tema dos imigrantes nas universidades, para o aprimoramento das práticas de acolhimento ao imigrante. Isto proporcionará aos discentes prestar um atendimento humanizado e solidário e um cuidado mais assertivo, além de formar egressos com uma visão humanística em relação aos imigrantes, dentro do contexto de um mundo cada vez mais globalizado.
Presença de Aelurostrongylus abstrusus em amostras fecais de gatos no município de Pelotas, RS, Brasil
Authors: Ferraz Alexsander , Dos Santos Pires Bruna , Machado dos Santos Eduarda , Tavares Barwaldt Eugênia , Joanol Dallmann Paola Renata , Da Fonseca Sapin Carolina , Moura de Lima Camila , Moscarelli Pinto Diego , De Oliveira Nobre Márcia , Quintana Nizoli Leandro
Published: May 2020

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus é um nematódeo que acomete o trato respiratório dos felinos, sendo considerado o parasito mais comum do parênquima pulmonar dos gatos. Pelo fato de os sinais clínicos serem inespecíficos, o uso de técnicas coproparasitológicas é importante para o diagnóstico definitivo. Dentre estas, a técnica de Baermann é considerada a de eleição. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de larvas de A. abstrusus em amostras fecais de gatos domésticos do município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram analisadas, através da técnica de Baermann, 60 amostras. Destas, duas foram positivas para larvas de 1º estágio deste parasito, representando 3,3% do total. Estes dados evidenciam a importância da realização desta técnica no diagnóstico de aelurostrongilose, sendo relevante para o diagnóstico diferencial das afecções respiratórias dos felinos.
Concepts, Kinds, and Cognitive Development
Authors: Keil Frank C.
Published: May 2020

In Concepts, Kinds, and Cognitive Development, Frank C. Keil provides a coherent account of how concepts and word meanings develop in children, adding to our understanding of the representational nature of concepts and word meanings at all ages.

Keil argues that it is impossible to adequately understand the nature of conceptual representation without also considering the issue of learning. Weaving together issues in cognitive development, philosophy, and cognitive psychology, he reconciles numerous theories, backed by empirical evidence from nominal kinds studies, natural-kinds studies, and studies of fundamental categorical distinctions. He shows that all this evidence, when put together, leads to a better understanding of semantic and conceptual development.

The book opens with an analysis of the problems of modeling qualitative changes in conceptual development, investigating how concepts of natural kinds, nominal kinds, and artifacts evolve.

The studies on nominal kinds document a powerful and unambiguous developmental pattern indicating a shift from a reliance on global tabulations of characteristic features to what appears to be a small set of defining ones. The studies on natural kinds document an analogous shift toward a core theory instead of simple definition. Both sets of studies are strongly supported by cross cultural data.

While these patterns seem to suggest that the young child organizes concepts according to characteristic features, Keil argues that there is a framework of conceptual categories and causal beliefs that enables even very young children to understand kinds at a deeper, theoretically guided, level. This account suggests a new way of understanding qualitative change and carries strong implications for how concepts are represented at any point in development.

Bradford Books imprint
Sorting Things Out
Authors: Bowker Geoffrey C. , Star Susan Leigh
Published: May 2020

A revealing and surprising look at how classification systems can shape both worldviews and social interactions.

What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification—the scaffolding of information infrastructures.

In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis.

The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.
Multiscale Colloidal Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles into Microspheres with Tunable Mesopores
Authors: Fijneman Andreas J. , Högblom Joakim , Palmlöf Magnus , de With Gijsbertus , Persson Michael , Friedrich Heiner
Published: May 2020

Colloidal assembly of silica (nano)particles is a powerful method to design functional materials across multiple length scales. Although this method has enabled the fabrication of a wide range of silica‐based materials, attempts to design and synthesize porous materials with a high level of tuneability and control over pore dimensions have remained relatively unsuccessful. Here, the colloidal assembly of silica nanoparticles into mesoporous silica microspheres (MSMs) is reported using a discrete set of silica sols within the confinement of a water‐in‐oil emulsion system. By studying the independent manipulation of different assembly parameters during the sol–gel process, a design strategy is outlined to synthesize MSMs with excellent reproducibility and independent control over pore size and overall porosity, which does not require additional ageing or post‐treatment steps to reach pore sizes as large as 50 nm. The strategy presented here can provide the necessary tools for the microstructural design of the next generation of tailor‐made silica microspheres for use in separation applications and beyond.
A General Guideline for Vertically Resolved Imaging of Manufacturing Defects in Organic Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Karl André , Osvet Andres , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: May 2020

Organic tandem solar cells recently made great improvements with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 15%, making them attractive for further large‐scale production and industrial applications. However, compared to their single‐junction counterparts, the complicated device architectures of organic tandem solar cells strongly restrict their processing and upscaling to larger scales. Therefore, fast and reliable quality control measures are crucial for developing organic tandem photovoltaic technologies towards commercialization. Some of the most widely used means for quality control are luminescence imaging and lock‐in thermography respectively. While effective techniques, they are limited in some respects. For example, determining the lateral position of a defect is easily possible, while the exact resolution in which layer of a thin film stack a defect is located, is challenging. This is particularly the case for tandem cells with complicated multi‐layer cell architectures. This approach to overcome this challenge is the introduction of well‐defined artificial defects into certain layers of an organic tandem cell stack and subsequently performing imaging analysis of the defected cells with several complementary methods. The unique response from cells with artificial defects using different imaging techniques and excitation sources can then be transferred to the imaging of devices with naturally occurring manufacturing defects.
Solution‐Processed, Self‐Powered Broadband CH3NH3PbI3 Photodetectors Driven by Asymmetric Electrodes
Authors: Perumal Veeramalai Chandrasekar , Yang Shengyi , Zhi Ruonan , Sulaman Muhammad , Saleem Muhammad Imran , Cui Yanyan , Tang Yi , Jiang Yurong , Tang Libin , Zou Bingsuo
Published: May 2020

In general, the fabrication of high‐performance, self‐powered broadband photodetectors based on traditional semiconducting thin films is tedious and costly. Here, in this paper a high‐performance, solution‐processed, and self‐powered CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) nanocrystal based photodetector ITO/MAPbI3/Ag is presented, and it shows broadband photoresponse from the visible to the near‐infrared wavelength region. The pronounced enhanced performance of the photodetector is due to taking the advantage of the built‐in electric field induced by the work function difference of two electrodes. The optimized photodetector shows a responsivity of 4.9 and 1.42 A W−1 with a specific detectivity of 7.6 × 1013 and 1.77 × 1013 Jones under 19 µW cm−2 white light illumination and 26 µW cm−2 808 nm illumination at zero bias, respectively. Therefore, such a concept of simple device geometry and feasible technique will open up a new and promising avenue for the fabrication of self‐powered photodetectors and the development of imaging devices.
Hereditary Character of Photonics Structure in Pachyrhynchus sarcitis Weevils: Color Changes via One Generation Hybridization
Authors: Chang Yin , Ogawa Yu , Jacucci Gianni , Onelli Olimpia D. , Tseng Hui‐Yun , Vignolini Silvia
Published: May 2020

Pachyrhynchus sarcitis weevils are flightless weevils characterized by colored patches of scales on their dark elytra. The vivid colors of such patches result from the reflection of differently oriented 3D photonic crystals within their scales. The results show that hybrid P. sarcitis, the first filial generation of two P. sarcitis populations from Lanyu Island (Taiwan) and Babuyan Island (Philippines), mixes the color of its ancestors by tuning the photonic structure in its scales. A careful spectroscopical and anatomical analysis of the weevils in the phylogeny reveals the hereditary characteristics of the photonic crystals within their scales in terms of lattice constant, orientation and domain size. Monitoring how structural coloration is inherited by offspring highlights the versatility of photonic structures to completely redesign the optical response of living organisms. Such finding sheds light onto the evolution and development mechanisms of structural coloration in Pachyrhynchus weevils and provides inspiration for the design of visual appearance in artificial photonic materials.
Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Parr Zachary S. , Rashid Reem B. , Paulsen Bryan D. , Poggi Benjamin , Tan Ellasia , Freeley Mark , Palma Matteo , Abrahams Isaac , Rivnay Jonathan , Nielsen Christian B.
Published: May 2020

A series of semiconducting small molecules with bithiophene or bis‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene cores are designed and synthesized. The molecules display stable reversible oxidation in solution and can be reversibly oxidized in the solid state with aqueous electrolyte when functionalized with polar triethylene glycol side chains. Evidence of promising ion injection properties observed with cyclic voltammetry is complemented by strong electrochromism probed by spectroelectrochemistry. Blending these molecules with high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) is found to improve both ion injection and thin film stability. The molecules and their corresponding PEO blends are investigated as active layers in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). For the most promising molecule:polymer blend (P4E4:PEO), p‐type accumulation mode OECTs with µA drain currents, μS peak transconductances, and a µC* figure‐of‐merit value of 0.81 F V−1 cm−1 s−1 are obtained.
Past, present, and future of three‐field lymphadenectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer
Authors: Udagawa Harushi
Published: May 2020

In spite of repeated appeal of the effectiveness of three‐field lymphadenectomy (3FL) by Japanese esophageal surgeons, it has not been accepted worldwide as a standard therapeutic measure for thoracic esophageal cancer. In this review, a concise summary of the history of 3FL, its present position, and its future perspective is discussed. Although a lack of randomized controlled trial (RCT) is one of the largest criticisms of 3FL, it seems difficult to make 3FL world‐standard even if a RCT with a positive result was made. The essence of 3FL has revealed the fact that bilateral cervical paraesophageal nodes and nodes in the bilateral supraclavicular fossae are regional nodes of thoracic esophageal cancer. To let the world admit this essence should be the real endpoint of “3FL issue” without RCT. In the era of new modalities, Japanese surgeons should be free from the idea that 3FL is indispensable though the essence of 3FL should remain.
Diel pattern in the structure and function of the gut microbial community inLymantria dispar asiatica(Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae
Authors: Zeng Jian‐Yong , Vuong Thi‐Minh‐Dien , Guo Jia‐Xing , Shi Jiang‐Hong , Shi Zhong‐Bin , Zhang Guo‐Cai , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2020

In the present study, diel pattern in gut microbial communities in insects were evaluated.Lymantria dispar asiaticafourth instar larvae (72 ± 2 hr after molting) at noon (LdD) and midnight (LdN) were used for a comparative analysis of the gut microbial community. Ten bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared between LdD and LdN samples. One bacterial OTU was specific to LdD. The dominant gut microbes were OTU72 in LdD and OTU75 in LdN. A linear discriminant analysis effect size cladogram suggested that ten bacterial OTUs maintain significant differences in relative abundances between LdD and LdN. These results agreed with the discrete ellipses between LdD and LdN in principal coordinates analysis plots. Additionally, using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states, the gut microbial community was assigned to 23 functional terms, among which 22 exhibited significant differences between LdD and LdN. To conclude, the present study documented a diel pattern in the gut microbial community ofL. dispar asiaticalarvae.
Standsicherheitsberechnungen an bestehenden Gewichtsstützwänden
Authors: Fleischer Helmut , Schlegel Roger , Eckardt Stefan
Published: May 2020

Große Teile älterer Wasserbauwerke bestehen aus massigen Gewichtsstützwänden. Die Bauweise ist durch teilweise mehrere Meter mächtige Querschnitte aus unbewehrtem Beton oder Mauerwerk gekennzeichnet. Neben Erddruck und Einwirkungen aus dem Anlagenbetrieb sind oft hohe Wasserlasten aufzunehmen. Statische Nachrechnungen nach geltendem Regelwerk mit den üblichen vereinfachten Ansätzen führen fast immer zu rechnerischen Standsicherheitsdefiziten, aus denen wiederum aufwendige statische Verstärkungsmaßnahmen oder gar Ersatzneubauten resultieren. Defizite ergeben sich vor allem aus der Vernachlässigung des mehrdimensionalen Spannungs‐ bzw. Dehnungszustands und dem sehr konservativen Ansatz für den im Bauteilinneren wirkenden Riss‐ und Porenwasserdruck nach geltender Norm. Im folgenden Beitrag wird anhand erster numerischer Analysen an einem zweidimensionalen FE‐Stützwandmodell unter Berücksichtigung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Rissbildung und Verteilung des inneren Wasserdrucks gezeigt, dass mit einer genaueren Erfassung der statischen Verhältnisse rechnerische Sicherheitsreserven klar nachweisbar sind. Es ist empfehlenswert, diese Untersuchungen fortzuführen und auf eine größere Modellpalette auszudehnen, um zu verallgemeinerungsfähigen Aussagen zu kommen und damit die Basis zur Aufwertung des in der Praxis gängigen Ingenieurmodells zu schaffen.
Alpha, beta, type 1 and 2 errors, Ergon Pearson and Jerzy Neyman
Authors: Brereton Richard G.
Published: May 2020

The alternative hypothesis is introduced, and the ideas of type 1 errors and type 2 errors are described and illustrated using contingency tables and graphically.
Spiropyrane – a Dream Compound for Teaching Purposes – Experimental Approaches to Basic Concepts of Chemistry Using the Molecular Switch Spiropyrane/Merocyanine
Authors: Meuter Nico , Spinnen Sebastian , Yurdanur Yasemin , Tausch Michael W.
Published: May 2020

Im Beitrag wird über die experimentelle Anwendung der chemischen Basiskonzepte mit einer Substanz berichtet, die im Chemieunterricht bisher wenig bekannt ist. Innovative Zugänge werden insbesondere für das in den MINT‐Fächern interdisziplinäre Konzept Energie und für digitale Logik mit dem molekularen Schalter Spiropyran/Merocyanin erschlossen.
Encapsulation of Azaphosphatranes and Proazaphosphatranes in Confined Spaces
Authors: Dutasta Jean‐Pierre , Martinez Alexandre
Published: May 2020

Proazaphosphatranes (also named Verkade's superbases) and their azaphosphatrane conjugated acids have been recently been shown to be confined in either covalent or self‐assembled molecular cages, or immobilized in nanopores of hybrid materials. The encapsulation of these phosphorus moieties turns out to strongly affect both their acid–base, catalytic, and recognition properties. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the proton transfer as well as the selectivity and catalytic activities of Verkade's superbases were strongly changed upon their confinement in a hemicryptophane cavity. Moreover, self‐assembled cages, including azaphosphatrane moieties, were found to display remarkable anion recognition properties in water. In this Minireview, these new aspects of the chemistry of aza‐ and proaza‐phosphatranes are presented, in order to highlight the great potential of such an approach
Adaptation potential of the copepod Eurytemora affinis to a future warmer Baltic Sea
Authors: Karlsson Konrad , Winder Monika
Published: May 2020

To predict effects of global change on zooplankton populations, it is important to understand how present species adapt to temperature and how they respond to stressors interacting with temperature. Here, we ask if the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis from the Baltic Sea can adapt to future climate warming. Populations were sampled at sites with different temperatures. Full sibling families were reared in the laboratory and used in two common garden experiments (a) populations crossed over three temperature treatments 12, 17, and 22.5°C and (b) populations crossed over temperature in interaction with salinity and algae of different food quality. Genetic correlations of the full siblings’ development time were not different from zero between 12°C and the two higher temperatures 17 and 22.5°C, but positively correlated between 17 and 22.5°C. Hence, a population at 12°C is unlikely to adapt to warmer temperature, while a population at ≥17°C can adapt to an even higher temperature, that is, 22.5°C. In agreement with the genetic correlations, the population from the warmest site of origin had comparably shorter development time at high temperature than the populations from colder sites, that is, a cogradient variation. The population with the shortest development time at 22.5°C had in comparison lower survival on low quality food, illustrating a cost of short development time. Our results suggest that populations from warmer environments can at present indirectly adapt to a future warmer Baltic Sea, whereas populations from colder areas show reduced adaptation potential to high temperatures, simply because they experience an environment that is too cold.
Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles by Reductive Cyclization of Nitroalkenes Using Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl as Carbon Monoxide Surrogate
Authors: Su Zhiyou , Liu Bo , Liao Hongze , Lin Hou‐Wen
Published: May 2020

The development of a method that uses molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6] as carbon monoxide (CO) surrogate for the palladium‐catalyzed reductive cyclization of nitroalkenes into indoles or thienopyrroles is reported. Several types of nitroalkenes could be transformed into the desired products in excellent yields and in most cases with complete regioselectivities and higher yields than those previously reported with palladium/CO system.
Morphogen signaling by Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and microenvironmental alteration in the bone marrow of agricultural pesticide exposure‐induced experimental aplastic anemia
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sukalpa , Law Sujata
Published: May 2020

The etiologic link between pesticide toxicity and aplastic anemia in agricultural and agro‐industrial setting has been frequently reported in epidemiological studies conducted worldwide. Chronic pesticide toxicity causes long‐term bone marrow injury and perturbs the normal hematopoietic physiology, including survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and bone marrow's blood cell forming ability. The purpose of this study is to understand the mechanism of pesticide toxicity‐mediated bone marrow aplasia by studying Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway and microenvironmental stromal components. An agricultural pesticide formulation comprising of cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, and hexaconazole was used to induce bone marrow aplasia in inbred Swiss albino mice. Marrow failure followed by the onset of aplastic condition was confirmed by pancytopenic peripheral blood and hypocellular bone marrow filled with adipocytes. Significant downregulation of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling was identified by expression analysis of Wnt3a, β‐catenin, and telomerase reverse transcriptase in the aplastic bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment. Along with signaling deregulation, disruption in both the osteoblastic and vascular stromal components was observed in the pesticide‐exposed bone marrow microenvironment when compared to control. In this study, we tried to establish the correlation among disease pathophysiology, signaling deregulation in the hematopoietic cells, and bone marrow microenvironmental alteration during environmental exposure‐mediated aplastic hematopoietic catastrophe, which may shed light on the unexplored mechanistic perspective of this fatal blood disease.
Psychological pain and previous suicide attempts in young adults: Results with the Portuguese version of the Psychache Scale
Authors: Campos Rui C. , Holden Ronald R.
Published: May 2020

Objectives

In this study, we tested whether the unbearable pain scale of the Psychache Scale provides value for the statistical prediction of a previous suicide attempt; we evaluated whether psychological pain has incremental value in the statistical prediction of a previous suicide attempt relative to the reporting of having had a psychiatric diagnosis, and we established a cut‐score for the Psychache Scale.

Method

Two samples participated: a sample consisting of 1,460 young adults and a sample of 628 Portuguese community adults.

Results and Conclusions

Results demonstrated that unbearable pain is not a stronger predictor of a previous suicide attempt than is the bearable pain score of the Psychache Scale; that the total score of the Psychache scale provides an additional statistically significant contribution to the statistical prediction of a previous suicide attempt relative to the reporting of having had a psychiatric diagnosis.
Electrophilic amination reactions with 1H‐indazole‐3‐carboxylates: Synthesis of amino acid frameworks and 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles
Authors: Mizota Isao , Mori Mayuko , Shimizu Makoto
Published: May 2020

Reaction of 1‐sulfonylindazole‐3‐carboxylates with various Grignard reagents effects the N‐N bond cleavage of the hydrazone moiety with the first nucleophile and the subsequent N‐alkylation gives N,N‐dialkylation products in good yields. A new strategy for the synthesis of α‐(2‐arylsulfonamide)phenylglycine, a precursor to tissue factor/factor VIIa inhibitors is also described. Moreover, the synthesis of quaternary 3‐aminooxindoles is developed, utilizing this N,N‐dialkylation reaction, followed by intramolecular cyclization/nucleophilic addition reaction.
Effect of rotavirus vaccine implementation on the prevalence of coinfections with enteric viruses in Norway
Authors: Gibory Moustafa , Dembinski Jennifer L. , Flem Elmira , Haltbakk Ildri , Dudman Susanne G.
Published: May 2020

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common illness in both adults and children worldwide and is caused by several microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Rotavirus (RV), which is the main cause of AGE, can occur as a mixed infection with other viruses. The aim of this study is to assess the molecular epidemiology of viral enteric viruses and assess RV coinfections with other enteric viruses and their influence on disease severity before and after RV vaccine introduction in children under 5 years of age. A total of 600 samples collected from children hospitalized for AGE in five large hospitals in Norway, and were analyzed for viral gastroenteritis agents by enzyme immunoassay and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Positive results confirmed either by Sanger sequencing or genotyped by multiplex semi‐nested RT‐PCR. In total, 243 of the 300 (81%) samples, collected from the prevaccine cohort, were positive for at least one of the four viruses tested in this study. RV was most frequently identified in 82.6% of the samples. In the postvaccine cohort, 114 of the 300 (38%) samples were positive for at least one of the viruses tested. RV found in 36.5% of the samples. Coinfections found less frequently in the postvaccine cohort. Among circulating enteric viruses in Norway, RV is the most important cause of viral gastrointestinal infection. As expected, there were fewer RV positive and fewer coinfections after RV vaccine implementation. The results provide valuable data that can aid in further evaluation of the vaccine impact.
The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID‐19 with positive RT‐PCR test after discharge
Authors: Cao Hong , Ruan Lei , Liu Jian , Liao Wenhui
Published: May 2020

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The phenomenon of positive real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) result of SARS‐CoV‐2 in recovered patients had occurred and the research about these patients was rare. In our study, we did a retrospective review of medical records from COVID‐19 patients admitted to one ward of Tongji Hospital of Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology from 10 February to 13 April 2020. From 10 February to 13 April 2020, there were 108 patients of COVID‐19 admitted in the one ward of Tongji Hospital. Among them, eight cases were readmission patients because the RT‐PCR result of SARS‐CoV‐2 was positive again after discharge. On the second admission, they had no symptoms and their chest computed tomography was almost normal. Data from laboratory tests of the readmission patients showed that all eight patients had normal white blood cell count, lymphocyte count. The inflammatory factors like procalcitonin and interleukin 6 were normal. After treatment, two patients met the standard and were discharged. The other six patients were still in the hospital because their RT‐PCR of SARS‐CoV‐2 did not get three consecutive negative results and the course of two patients had persisted more than 90 days. We still needed to be alert that these patients could infect other people as a source of infection, and we also needed to be alert that these patients become chronic virus carriers. It also aroused our concern about the discharge standard of COVID‐19.
A retrospective study on the epidemiological characteristics and establishment of an early warning system of severe COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Yang Ping , Wang Pengfei , Song Yuyan , Zhang An , Yuan Guodan , Cui Yong
Published: May 2020

This paper estimates the magnitude of an informational friction limiting credit reallocation to firms during the 2007‐2009 financial crisis. Because lenders rely on private information when deciding which relationship to end, borrowers looking for a new lender are adversely selected. I show how to identify private information separately from information common to all lenders but unobservable to the econometrician by using bank shocks within a discrete choice model of relationships. Quantitatively, these informational frictions seem too small to explain the credit crunch in the U.S. syndicated corporate loan market.
Improved quality of colon cancer surveillance after implementation of a personalized surveillance schedule
Authors: Rueff Jessica , Weixler Benjamin , Viehl Carsten T. , Ochsner Alex , Warschkow Rene , Gueller Ulrich , Mingrone Walter , Zuber Markus
Published: May 2020

Background

Early detection of recurrence through surveillance after curative surgery for primary colon cancer is recommended. We previously reported inadequate quality of surveillance among patients operated for colon cancer. These poor results led to the introduction of a personalized surveillance schedule. This study reassesses the quality of surveillance after the introduction of the personalized schedule.

Patients and Methods

A total of 93 patients undergoing curative surgery for colon cancer between January 2009 and December 2014 (prospective data registration) were included in this retrospective single‐center cohort study. Written informed consent was given by all patients. Compliance with surveillance was compared with national guidelines, as well as with the previous results and analyzed depending on where surveillance was conducted (general practitioner or outpatient clinic).

Results

Adherence to surveillance was higher when performed by oncologists compared to general practitioners with an odds ratio (OR), 6.03 (95%CI: 3.41‐10.67, P = .001). Compared with the previous study, adherence to surveillance was significantly higher in the later cohort with an OR = 4.55 (95%CI: 2.50‐8.33, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the implementation of a personalized surveillance schedule improves adherence to recommendations and that awareness can be increased with this simple measure.
A Tunable Semiconductor‐Based Transmissive Metasurface: Dynamic Phase Control with High Transmission Level
Authors: Forouzmand Ali , Mosallaei Hossein
Published: May 2020

Herein, a tunable semiconductor‐based metasurface, based on electro‐optical modulation of an array of geometrically‐fixed silicon (Si) nanobars, sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is proposed. A flat‐top transmission spectrum with a steep phase profile, which turns out to be essential to realize a highly‐efficient spatial light modulator in transmission mode, is formed by excitation of two spectrally close Fabry‐Pérot‐type and guided‐mode resonances. The refractive‐index of Si nanobars is electrically modulated by the injection of electrons and holes using a P–I–N junction configuration, considered along each nanobar. It is theoretically demonstrated that wide phase agility of 215° and transmission amplitude higher than 0.6 (with an average of ≈0.83) can be accomplished at the operating wavelength of ≈1.55 µm. This wide‐range tunability is realized by introducing free electron and hole carrier densities of ∆N = ∆P = 5 × 1018 cm−3 accompanied with Si refractive‐index‐change of ∆nSi = 0.01. The transmission phase of each unit cell can be separately controlled, which in turn allows to design a tunable meta‐array with real‐time beam control. As a proof of concept, a dynamic focusing metalens with an adjustable focal length is designed and numerically investigated.