bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS METODE CHAIN WRITING BERBANTUAN MEDIA INSTAGRAM PADA PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS ANEKDOT PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X DI SMA PASUNDAN 7 BANDUNG
Authors: Citra Arum Febrianty  , Dindin M.Z.M  , Frilia Shantika Regina
Published: August 2023

This study aims to test the chain writing method and the Instagram application as learning media to improve the ability to write anecdotal texts. This research was conducted to find out the right method to improve the ability to write anecdotal texts and learning media that can increase students' learning motivation. The ability of students in learning to write anecdotal texts increased by using the chain writing method and learning media through the Instagram application in the experimental class. This is evidenced by the average pre-test score of 60.33 and an increase in post-test results with an average of 86.17. There were differences in learning outcomes in writing anecdotal texts between the experimental class and the control class, for the experimental class the average post-test score was 86.17 and the control class received an average post-test score of 81.83. The chain writing method is effectively used in learning to write anecdotal texts compared to the brain writing method. This can be proven by the results of the test results of the Independent Sample t-test with the result of an Asymp Sig (2 tiled) of 0.649 meaning that the variances between the groups are equal, then the assumptions are met. From the data above, it can be seen that Sig (2 tailed) < 0.05, namely 0.022, then the hypothesis is accepted and the chain writing method is effectively used in learning to write anecdotal texts.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 02 CANDISARI PURWODADI
Authors: Ema Alfitasari  , Qoriati Mushafanah  , Sunan Baedowi
Published: August 2023

The lack of students understanding and critical thinking skills in learning occurs because the variety of learning models used by the teacher is not optimal, although basically the teacher has made several variations of the learning model but in practice the variation of the learning model carried out so far has not been able to encourage students' understanding and thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of the Problem Based Learning model to critical thinking skills in thematic learning of fifth grade students at SD Negeri 02 Candisari. This study uses qualitative research methods, in which researchers make observations and actions of the sources that take precedence. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the application of the problem-based learning method in the teaching and learning process really helps students to improve students critical thinking skills as evidenced by the student learning outcomes which have increased by 85% having completed KKM. This is because the application of the problem-based learning method makes it easier for students to understand the material taught by the teacher, makes students more active and more confident in presenting their work, and is more courageous in answering questions posed by friends between groups.
PENGARUH MODEL STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING (SFAE) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS V SD NEGERI 88 PALEMBANG
Authors: Enjelia Berliana Maharani  , M.Taheri Akhbar  , Mega Prasrihamni
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine and describe whether or not there is a significant effect of the Student Facilitator And Explaining learning model on students' speaking skills in grade V Indonesian language learning at SD Negeri 88 Palembang. The research method used in this study is the experimental method of the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design model by dividing the sample into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group was class V.1 students and the control group was class V.2 students. The data collection technique used in this study is in the form of tests, the tests used in this study are the initial test and the final test in the form of an assessment component in speaking ability which assesses 5 aspects of assessment. The results of this study showed that the pretest (initial test) in the experimental class had an average of 62.45 with a sufficient category, after being given treatment using the SFAE model the results of the final test (posttest) in the experimental class showed a value of 80.00 with a good category. This shows that. obtained sig value (2-tailed) 0.000 <0.05. Thus it can be said that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant effect of the Student Facilitator And Explaining learning model on student speaking skills in grade V Indonesian language learning at SD Negeri 88 Palembang.
IDENTIFIKASI KESULITAN BERBICARA SISWA DI SD INPRES PAKKOLOMPO
Authors: Rofiqa Ali Zulrifqa , Irwan Akib  , Rukli
Published: August 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi rendahnya kemampuan berbicara siswa di kelas 4 SD memiliki manfaat penting dalam memberikan intervensi yang tepat waktu, mengembangkan program pembelajaran yang sesuai, melibatkan orang tua, dan memberikan dukungan yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa secara efektif. Pendekatan ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif studi kasus pada single subjek sebagai metode utama untuk mengidentifikasi kesulitan berbicara pada siswa Kelas V.  Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi pada wawancara individu untuk mendapatkan pengalaman dan persepsi siswa terkait kesulitan berbicara. Dokumentasi gunakan untuk mengumpulkan bahan-bahan pendukung, seperti catatan guru, wawancara kepada siswa dan orang tua siswa. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi diatas, faktor-faktor seperti rasa takut, kekhawatiran, kurangnya minat atau pemahaman terhadap topik, kecemasan dalam situasi kelompok dan presentasi, gangguan lingkungan, rasa malu, dan kurangnya kepercayaan diri dapat menjadi penyebab kesulitan berbicara siswa kelas V di SD Inpres Pakkolompo. Upaya meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dan keterampilan berbicara dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai strategi seperti persiapan sebelum berbicara, latihan di depan cermin, partisipasi aktif dalam diskusi, dan dukungan dari guru dan lingkungan belajar.
PENGARUH PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH, BUDAYA KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KOMITMEN KERJA GURU SMP/MTs SUB RAYON BAWANG KABUPATEN BATANG TAHUN 2022
Authors: Lu’luil Maknun  , Ghufron Abdullah  , Rosalina Br. Ginting
Published: August 2023

ABSTRAK

 

Lu’luil Maknun, 2023 “ Pengaruh Peran Kepala Sekolah, Budaya Kerja Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Kerja Guru Di SMP/MTs Sub Rayon Kecamatan Bawang”. Tesis. Pembimbing: (1) Dr. Ghufron Abdullah, M.Pd; (2) Dr. Rosalina Br. Ginting , M.Si.

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnya komitmen kerja guru di SMP/MTs Sub Rayon Kecamatan Bawang berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari wawancara dengan beberapa guru. Peneliti merumuskan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu adakah pengaruh dari peran kepala sekolah, budaya kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen kerja guru baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Adapun tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh peran kepala sekolah, budaya kerja, kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen kerja guru baik secara parsial dan simultan.

Metode penelitiannya adalah kuantitatif korelasional dengan teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner/angket yang disebarkan kepada 107 guru SMP/MTs Sub Rayon Kecamatan Bawang yang terpilih sebagai sampel. Teknik analisis data dengan uji asumsi klasik dan uji regresi linear berganda. Adapun pengolahan data dengna menggunakan software SPSS versi 26.

Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa secara parsial terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara variabel independen (X) terhadap varaibel dependen (Y). Berdasarkan uji t statistic diperoleh nilai koefisien pengaruh peran kepala sekolah (X1) terhadap komitmen kerja guru (Y) sebesar 0,133 dengan t-hitung 2,429 dan signifikansi 0,017 maka X1 terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Y. Selanjutnya adalah nilai koefisien standar pengaruh budaya kerja (X2) terhadap komitmen kerja guru (Y) sebesar 0,274 dengan t-hitung 2,830 dan signifikansi 0,006. maka X2  terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Y. besar koefisien standar pengaruh kepuasan kerja (X3) terhadap komitmen kerja guru (Y) sebesar 0,044 dengan t-hitung 2,564 dan signifikansi 0,021. maka X3  terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Y. Sedangkan pada uji F dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA dimana untuk menguji secara simultan variabel X1, X2 dan X3 terhadap Y diperoleh hasil nilai F hitung 4,654, dengan signifikansi 0,004, oleh karena signifikansi < 5%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara bersama-sama terdapat pengaruh antara peran kepala sekolah, budaya kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen kerja guru di SMP/MTs Sub Rayon Kecamatan Bawang.

Kata Kunci: Komitmen kerja guru, Peran Kepala Sekolah, Budaya Kerja,    Kepuasan Kerja
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA KARTU KUARTET UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN PPKN KELAS V
Authors: Azizatun Nisaak Lutfi , Shokib Rondli Wawan , Arsyad Fardani Much
Published: August 2023

Based on the results of conservation at SD 5 Klumpit, Kudus Regency, studentlearning outcomes in Civics and Indonesian subjects are still below the MinimumCompleteness Criteria (KKM). This is because the learning process is centered onthe teacher so that students are less active in participating in learning. The purposeof this study is to improve student learning outcomes using the Teams GamesTournamet (TGT) learning model using quartet card learning media. The methodused was Classroom Action Research which was conducted for 2 cycles with 2meetings in each 1 cycle. By using observation data collection techiques and test.The subjects of this research were all fifth grade students at SD 5 Klumpit. In cyclesI and II, PPKn subjects obtained a classical completeness result of 72% to 88%,while the Indonesian language subject obtained a classical completeness of 72% incycle I to 76% in cycle II. From these results it can be concluded that the TGTlearning model using quartet card media can improve student learning outcomes.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sabarikun Nazilatun , Heru Purnomo
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics by using differentiated learning with the subject of geometry (triangles, quadrilaterals, and polygons). This research was conducted at SDN Bikatuk in class IV. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research technique with structured interview techniques, documentation, and observation. The results of the research carried out on 21 students obtained a completeness score in learning mathematics in cycle I of 66.67% with a total of 14 students and students did not meet the passing standard with a percentage of 33.33% with a total of 7 students. Then in cycle II the completeness of the lesson results students' mathematics with an acquisition of 80.96% with a total of 17 students and students who have not met the graduation requirements of 19.04% with a total of 4 students. This research shows that the application of differentiated learning can increase students' knowledge in mathematics. This can be seen from the significant improvement in students' learning outcomes in mathematics between the first and second cycles.
AKTIVITAS HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA PADA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Suparjan Putri Wijaningsih , Heru Purnomo
Published: August 2023

The Merdeka Curriculum as an alternative curriculum for overcoming learning setbacks during the pandemic provides the freedom of "Freedom to Learn". This research was conducted at SD N Adiwarno with the aim of identifying and obtaining information about student learning outcomes in the implementation of the independent curriculum in elementary schools. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design aimed at knowing student learning outcomes in the implementation of the independent curriculum conducted by mathematics teachers in elementary schools. Problems with student learning outcomes studying mathematics using an independent curriculum, namely the lack of creative innovation in developing methods, models, media, mathematics are considered difficult by students, the teacher's way of teaching is monotonous. The results of this study indicate that SDN Adiwarno applies the Merdeka Curriculum to grades 1 and 4 and the rest use the 2013 curriculum. Using the independent curriculum makes learning implemented effectively, even though it has only been implemented for one year.
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN PADA SISWA MELALUI PROGRAM KAMPUS MENGAJAR ANGKATAN 5 DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH SAMBENG
Authors: Oktariana Detik , Henry Aditia Rigianti
Published: August 2023

Pembentukan karakter menjadi hal yang terpenting dalam menumbuhkan keperdulian terhadap lingkungan. Melalui pembentukan karakter peduli lingkungan terhadap siswa diharapakan dapat mengatasi terjadinya pemanasan disekitar sekolah, kurangnya konsentrasi belajar, dan kurangnya tempat teduh untuk bercengkrama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membentuk karakter peduli lingkungan terhadap siswa melalui program Kampus Mengajar di SD Muhammadiyah Sambeng. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan obsevasi dengan partisipasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peduli lingkungan sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakter siswa, terlihat jelas dari antusias siswa maupun guru dan kariyawan ketika penanaman bibit pohon yang dilakukan disekolah. Tahapan pembetukan karakter peduli lingkungan terhadap siswa, perlu adanya pembiasaan yang dilakukan disekolah agar siswa tanpa tidak sadarkan diri telah memiliki karakter peduli lingkungan. Siswa terlibat langsung dalam mempraktikan penanaman bibit pohon bagaimana memelihara atau merawat lingkungan disekolah, dengan melalui program Kampus Mengajar. Hal tersebut menujukan bahwa penanaman bibit pohon dapat mendukung pembentukan karakter peduli lingkungan pada siswa.

Kata Kunci: Bibit Pohon, Keperdulian Lingkungan, Pembentukan Karakter
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB KESULITAN MEMBACA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS RENDAH DI SD NEGERI CERME
Authors: Khoirunnisa Septianingsih  , Sumarno  , Aries Tika Damayani
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab kesulitan membaca peserta didik dan bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca peserta didik kelas 1 SD Negeri Cerme. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas I dan guru kelas I SD Negeri Cerme. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen pengumpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, pedoman wawancara atau lembar pertanyaan dan telaah dokumen. Proses penelitian ini dimulai dengan wawancara dengan guru kelas 1, kemudian observasi dengan cara memberikan teks bacaan dan peserta didik diminta untuk membaca satu per satu, setelah diamati terdapat 6 peserta didik yang mengalami kesulitan membaca, kemudian diwawancarai lebih lanjut. Upaya yang dilakukan guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca peserta didik kelas I di SD Negeri Cerme adalah dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang menarik dan efektif, meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dan memberikan motivasi, dan tidak pernah menyalahkan kondisi yang dialami oleh peserta didik kelas I SD Negeri Cerme.
PENGARUH BELAJAR DARING BERBASIS MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA MATERI NILAI TEMPAT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS II SDN GAYAMSARI 01 SEMARANG
Authors: Hanreza Yuniari Pranstika  , Fine Reffiane  , Filia Prima Artharina
Published: August 2023

Abstrak

Latar belakang yang mendorong penelitian ini adalah di sekolah dasar masih banyak siswa yang menunjukkan bahwa masih rendahnya nilai materi nilai tempat yang masih dibawah KKM 75. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana pengaruh pembelajaran daring berbasis audio visual pada materi nilai tempat terhadap hasil belajar kelas II SDN Gayamsari 01 Semarang? Tujuan yang hendak di capai dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran daring berbasis audio visual pada materi nilai tempat terhadap hasil belajar kelas II SDN Gayamsari 01 Semarang.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan design penelitian pre-experimental design dengan bentuk one-group pretest-posttest design. Metode ini digunakan karena penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran daring berbasis audio visual pada materi nilai tempat terhadap hasil belajar kelas II SDN Gayamsari 01 Semarang. Prosedur pengumpuan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi

Adapun hasil pembahasan pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dapat dilihat bahwa setelah dilakukan penghitungan L0 dan Ltabel kemudian dibandingkan dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 diperoleh bahwa pada kelas eksperimen L0 < Ltabel. Dengan rincian untuk kelas eksperimen L0 sebesar 0,1780 < Ltabel 0,1981 dan untuk kelas kontrol L0 sebesar 0,1410 < Ltabel 0,2088. Hal ini berarti sampel dari kedua kelompok tersebut berdistribusi normal. Selanjutnya pada uji homogenitas diperoleh diperoleh sebesar -55,981 dan sebesar 2,243. Karena < , maka H0 diterima. Penelitian ini dikatakan berhasil belajar karena siswa dapat memahami materi yang disampaikan oleh guru melalui penjelasan materi secara bertahap, siswa mampu pemahamannya sendiri melalui pemeroleh pengalaman yang baru menggunakan model pembelajaran daring berbasis audio visual pada materi nilai tempat

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari pegaruh pembelajaran daring berbasis audio visual pada materi nilai tempat terhadap hasil belajar kelas II SDN Gayamsari 01 Semarang .

                   

Kata Kunci : Pengaruh, Media Audio Visual, Nilai Tempat, Hasil Belajar
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KARAKTER EMOSIONAL SISWA KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR DI DESA PANCUR MAYONG JEPARA
Authors: Arindah Isro Ahadiah  , Wawan Shokib Rondli  , F. Shoufika Hilyana
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak penggunaan smartphone dan perkembangan karakter emosional siswa kelas III sekolah dasar di desa Pancur Mayong Jepara. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Pancur Kecamatan Mayong Kabupaten jepara dengan mengambil subjek orang tua dan siswa kelas III sekolah dasar. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan jenis pendekatan studi kasus serta teknik pengumpulan data yang meliputi tahap observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penggunaan smartphone oleh anak memberikan dampak positif dan dampak negatif. Dampak positif penggunaan smartphone diantaranya anak dapat menjalin komunikasi dengan teman, guru, dan keluarga, anak memiliki akun sosial media sebagai penunjang untuk menambah teman. Adapun dampak negatif dari penggunaan smartphone diantaranya jam tidur anak menjadi terganggu, dapat mengganggu perkembangan anak, dapat mempengaruhi perilaku anak seperti anak mengalami gangguan emosional dan anak menjadi malas melakukan aktivitas sehari hari, banyak fitur dan aplikasi menarik pada gadget yang menyebabkan anak menjadi ketergantungan. Penggunaan smartphone memberikan dampak terhadap karakter emosional seperti mudah menangis dan suka marah marah tidak jelas, tidak memiliki rasa empati terhadap orang lain, tidak bisa menghargai orang lain, dan menjadi pemalas.
PERBEDAAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR ANTARA ANAK KORBAN PERCERAIAN DAN ANAK DARI KELUARGA UTUH
Authors: Nurussakinah Daulay  , Sri Hariati Hrp  , Kamila Soraya  , Tiara Afrillia
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the comparison, especially the learning motivation of students in families who experienced divorce (broken homes) with intact (harmonious) families, in addition to knowing the teacher's strategy in dealing with students with broken homes at the school. The source of the data obtained in this study was that there were 254 students at Al Ulum Tuasan Islamic High School, Medan. Data collection techniques in this study used a research instrument by giving a questionnaire. The research method used is quantitative description. The focus of the research is the problem of learning motivation of children who experience broken homes. The results of this study indicate that children who have incomplete families (absent father or mother or both), lack high learning motivation. In addition, the strategies carried out by teachers at Al Ulum Tuasan Islamic High School, Medan show that teachers teach with a variety of learning strategies and methods such as lecture, discussion, question and answer methods, and assignments so that students are motivated to take part in learning and are active and affective so that students are not bored and bored in the learning process takes place.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DALAM MENGHADAPI ASESMEN STANDARISASI PENDIDIKAN DAERAH (ASPD)
Authors: Rahmawanto Irfan , Henry Aditia Rigiati
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of learning motivation in dealing with regional education standardization assessments. This research uses interview methods and literature study. The researcher made observations at Sidomulyo State Elementary School on Tuesday 27 June 2023. The researcher also used the interview method with the resource person, a class VI teacher, Mrs. Nuri Mustikasari, S.Pd SD. The researcher uses the literature study method by finding sources of knowledge from several previous studies through journals related to the research to be studied. The results of the study showed that SD Negeri Sidomulyo had carried out a Standardized Assessment of Regional Assessments to increase students' learning motivation, especially grade VI students.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI BERBANTUAN MEDIA KAPINDO (KANTONG PINTAR DORAEMON) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Meida Maghfiroh  , Khamdun  , Nur Fajrie
Published: August 2023

The purpose in this study is to know the average difference in students' mathematics learning outcomes after applying the inquiry learning model with KAPINDO media. This type of research is a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. This research was conducted in class V SD 6 Klumpit. The sample in this study were 24 students. There are two variables, the independent variable, namely the inquiry learning model with KAPINDO media, and the dependent variable used, namely student learning outcomes. This type of research is quantitative research. The data analysis technique used was the paired sample t-test on the pretest and posttest results with a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05. The results showed that the application of the inquiry learning model with KAPINDO media had an influence on students' mathematics learning outcomes, with an average student mathematics learning result before being given treatment of 58.58 and after using the inquiry learning model with KAPINDO media of 82.42. The difference in the average results has a difference of 23.84 which shows a significant effect on students' mathematics learning outcomes.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERMEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SUBTEMA BERSYUKUR ATAS KEBERAGAMAN
Authors: Sandi Budiana  , Yuli Mulyawati  , Feby Melaniawati
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning model with learning media on learning outcomes in the sub-theme of gratitude for diversity in fourth grade students of Nenggewer 01 State Elementary School, Cibinong District, Bogor Regency. This type of research is a quasi-experimental. The population consists of classes IV-A and IV-B consisting of 58 people. The research was conducted three times in each class group. Sampling was done by simple random sampling technique. Research data were collected using a pretest and a posttest. Data analysis was carried out with the n-gain test, normality test, and homogeneity test as a prerequisite test before testing the hypothesis (t test). the results of data analysis obtained t-count (4.907) > t-table (2.0034) for a significance of 5%. Based on the test criteria, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the Problem Based Learning model on learning outcomes.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN SAINS ANAK KELOMPOK B MELALUI KEGIATAN PERCOBAAN SEDERHANA DI TK ISLAM AN-NUR PA’BANGNGIANG, KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Ayu Andira  , Sukmawati  , Arie Martuty
Published: August 2023

The main problem in this study is how to improve the science skills of group B children by applying a simple experimental method at An-Nur Pa'bangngiang Islamic kindergarten, Gowa Regency. The type of research used is class action research consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages. The study subjects were and 16 children of group B2 at An-Nur Pa'bangngiang Islamic Kindergarten. The object of this study is to apply simple experimental activities to improve children's science skills. Data collection techniques used for observation and documentation. The data analysis used is a quantitative description. The results of this study show that there is an improvement in children's science skills through simple experimental activities in group B children at An-Nur Pa'bangngiang Islamic kindergarten. Research in cycle I and cycle II shows that children's science skills can be seen from the observational results of children's science skills in cycle I are 40.6% and the observational results of children's science skills in cycle II are 89.6% with Excellent Development criteria. Thus it can be concluded that by applying simple experimental activities can improve science skills in group B children at An-Nur Pa'bangngiang Islamic kindergarten.
Purification of Turbid Water Using Orange Peel Extract and Luffa Mucilage
Authors: Al-Aubadi Inas M. K. , Hashim Luay Q.
Published: August 2023

The increase in aluminum ion concentration resulting from chemical coagulants in water treatment causes human health problems, including damage to brain cells and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, numerous countries sought to find alternative coagulants extracted from natural, environmentally friendly organic sources for use in water treatment. The research included preparing an aqueous extract from orange peel, extracting luffa mucilage, as well as, calculating the yield, estimating the size of mucilage particles, and using them as plant coagulants to purify turbid water. Moreover, the optimum conditions were set for it, represented by the concentration of coagulants and the pH to give the highest efficiency in purifying turbid water. As well as using them as coagulation aids with alum to reduce the concentration of alum used in water purification. The results indicated that the optimum concentrations of natural coagulants ranged 40-50 ppm, where the orange peel coagulant exceeded the luffa coagulant with a significant difference in the turbidity removal, as it was 87 and 71% respectively, at pH values of 5 and 10. Likewise, there were significant differences in the reduction of heavy elements by using coagulants in water treatment. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the percentages of turbidity removal between the mixing ratio 1:0.5 and 1:0.25 (coagulant aid: Alum). Conversely, the use of the optimum concentration of orange peel coagulant with half the alum concentration gave turbidity removal percentages close to the use of alum alone in purifying water. It can be concluded from the study the possibility of using the extracted plant coagulants to reduce the concentration of alum used in purifying turbid water. The results reveled the highest significant decrease in the concentration of all heavy elements using luffa fruit coagulant and orange peel coagulant, compared to their concentration in turbid water before purification, which was 0.4 ppm.
Allometric Growth Coefficients of Carcass Components and Carcass Waste in Awassi Lambs
Authors: Yateem Cheya A. M. , Alkass Jalal E. , Mustafa Kamal N.
Published: August 2023

This study aims to evaluate the developmental trends and the allometric growth values of carcass components and carcass waste in Awassi lambs. Twenty five entire Awassi lambs were seriously slaughtered at 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 kg. Results revealed that the allometric growth coefficients of dissectible lean (0.853) and bone (0.793) weights were negative heterogonic (b<1) indicating that these tissues significantly (p<0.01) grew at slower rate than carcass weight. Conversely, fat was positive heterogonic (1.859) and considered a late maturing tissue. Also, it seems from the coefficients that leg is an early maturing (b=0.938), whereas shoulder is a late maturing (b=1.293). Rack, neck, breast and flank are isogonic (b=1) and grew at a similar rate in relation to carcass weight. Carcass fat, carcass waste fat and fat tail relative to empty body weight are 1.920, 0.089 and 1.036, respectively, indicating carcass fat and fat tail are positive heterogonic demonstrating that are high impetus and grow at a higher rate than empty body weight, whereas carcass waste fat had allometric coefficient <1, low impetus and early maturing tissue. Skin, testes, spleen and kidney exhibited isogonic growth indicating that these components are grow similar rate to empty body weight. On the other hand, head, feet, liver, lung, heart and empty digestive tract are early maturing organs than did empty body weight.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano-selenium on the Anatomical Characteristics of Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Barhi Cultivar under Salt Stress
Authors: Mahdi Ali S. , Abd Abdulkareem M. , Awad Khairullah M.
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the effect of salinity on the anatomical features of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and the potential roles of nano selenium (Se NPs) in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity. Two concentrations (80 and 160 mg.L-1) of SeNPs were applied as a foliar spray on date palms irrigated with different concentrations of saline water (2.5 [control], 5, 10 and 20 ds.m-1). Results showed that 5 ds.m-1 salinity had no significant effect on the anatomical structure of date palm, whether applied alone or in combination with foliar spray of Se NPs. However, the vascular bundle dimensions and thickness of the xylem, phloem and mesophyll were significantly higher in plants exposed to 10 ds.m-1 salinity compared with the control plants. In particular, foliar spray of SeNPs at 80 mg.L-1 concentration enhanced the effect on these plants. By contrast, 20 ds.m-1 salinity significantly reduced all studied parameters except for the thickness of the upper and lower cuticle, which increased. Se NPs at 80 mg.L-1 concentration had a significant effect in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity at high levels. The results of this study proved that SeNPs at 80 mg.L-1 concentration were more effective in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on the anatomical structure of date palm leaves than 160 mg.L-1 concentration.
The Technical Evaluation of Three Different Types of Tillage Combined Machines and compared them with Individual Tillage Machines
Authors: Nassir Aqeel J. , Muhsin Sadiq J. , Ndawi Dakhil R.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a locally manufactured combined tillage machine on the draft force, fuel consumption, field efficiency, power loss, and soil pulverization index. The combined tillage machine accomplished the primary, secondary, and deep tillage in a single pass. The combined tillage machine types were compared to individual tillage machines. The combined tillage machine accomplished the primary, secondary, and deep tillage in a single pass. A randomized complete block (RCBD) experiment was the statistical method used for the investigation with three replicates. The field experiments were conducted in silty loam soil. The combined tillage machines were used in three types. The first configuration (T1) consists of a subsoiler+ chisel plow + disk harrow + roller, the second configuration (T2) consists of a subsoiler + chisel plow, and the third configuration (T3) consists of chisel plow + disc harrow at two operating speeds (1.5 and 3 km.h-1). Individual tillage machines were used in three conventional tillage systems M1, M2, and M3. M1. Conventional tillage systems M1, M2, and M3 perform similar tasks to combined tillage machine types T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The results showed that T3 reduced draft force by 40 and 34.35%, saved fuel by 19.88 and 25.89%, and reduced power loss by 54.25 and 37.22%, while increasing field efficiency by 13.64 and 5.63 and the soil pulverization index by 26.67 and 66.24% compared with T1 and T2 respectively. The combined tillage machinesT1, T2, and T3 reduced the draft force and power loss while increasing the field efficiency by 19.05, 22.41, and 53.49%, respectively, compared with conventional tillage systems M1, M2, and M3. The combined tillage machinesT1, T2, and T3 achieved the lowest values of the soil pulverization index, with values of 19.91, 41.93, and 33.10 mm, and saved fuel by 58.68, 41.61, and 26.86% respectively, compared with conventional tillage systems M1, M2, and M3. The results also revealed that operating speed and its interaction with the combined tillage machine types had a significant effect on all of the studied characteristics (p<0.05).
Molecular Identification of Postharvest Moldy Core Pathogens on Apple and Application of Biocontrol Products of Essential Oils (EOs) and Trichoderma harzianum
Authors: Yousif Asmar A. , Hassan Wazeer A.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to identify prevalent pathogens of a caused moldy core of postharvest apple fruits and the efficiency of essential oils (EO) of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), sage (Salvia officinalis), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Trichoderma harzianum filtrate to inhibit pathogens growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium griseofulvum. The examined pathogens are recognized dependent on morphological and also molecular identification. In vivo, clove EO and T. harzianum filtrate were strongly restricted decay area on fruits with 82.36% and 81.69%, respectively when applied as direct inhibition. Growth of all examined pathogens was entirely stopped on fruits treated with both clove and thyme oils at 10%. The results also illustrated that T. harzianum filtrate and EOs exhibited considerable growth inhibition of B. cinerea and ranged between 86.53% and 100%. The lowest inhibitory potential of EOs 47.95% and 75.9% were observed with P. griseofulvum. T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively. The growth of both pathogens A. alternata and B. cinerea depressed with up to 90% using T. harzianum filtrate followed by EOs of eucalyptus and thyme. Whereas fruits inoculated with P. griseofulvum were not frustrated when applied to each EOs or T. harzianum. Their systemic induction was restricted between 3.16% and 23.82%.
Role of Environmental Biotechnology in Remediation of Heavy Metals by Using Fungal-Microalgal Strains
Authors: Qader Muzhda Q. , Shekha Yahya A.
Published: August 2023

Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microalgae and fungi, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. The experiment was designed to evaluate the efficiency of microorganisms to remove heavy metals by using, two fungi (Aspegillus niger and Candida albicans) with two microalgae (Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetradesmus nygaardi), in removing heavy metals from liquid media during study period (20 days). For this study, cadmium and lead were selected by different concentrations (5, 15, 35, and 50ppm) of such heavy metals. The results indicate that fungi and microalgae effectively removed a significant amount of heavy metals. With respect to Pb and Cd, the maximum removal of lead for all concentrations (5-50ppm) were, (94, 90, 86.28 and 81.6%) respectively, and maximum cadmium removal were (88, 86.66, 84.57 and 79%) recorded by consortium culture of Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetradesmus nygaardi on day 20th of the experiment. Statistically there were significant difference (p≤0.05) between control and all treatments for both tested heavy metals.
Response of Broccoli to Mulching and Foliar Application of Licorice Root Extract and their Effects on Yield and Macronutrient Contents
Authors: Yousif Kurdistan H. , Saeid Abdul Jebbar I.
Published: August 2023

The research was done in the vegetables research farm at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at University of Dohuk, Kurdistan region of Iraq, during the growing season in (2021-2022). The reason behind the study was to investigate the response of two cultivars of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica.) Ajjasi and Wisdom cv. to different types of mulching (without, black plastic and straw) and also the different concentrations levels of licorice root extract (0, 6, 12 and18g.L-1) on productivity and some nutrients content of Broccoli curd. The results showed that Wisdom cultivar performed better than Ajjassi in terms of early yield and nutrients content. Throughout the research season, both cultivars were considerably improved in all examined attributes. Additionally, it was shown that all features in both cultivars were noticeably enhanced in plastic mulch. There was an observed increase in the majority of features of the interactions between licorice root extract and straw. Early yield in Wisdom cultivar was meaningfully different from Ajjasi (27.814 and 24.138) ton. ha-1 respectively. Most of the measurements were greatly influenced by black plastic mulch, while the best overall outcome was achieved in black plastic mulch and 18g.L-1 concentration of licorice root extract in Ajjassi cultivar. In both cultivars, there were noticeable changes in the nutrient’s contents of (Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium %). In general, the combination among treatments was significantly enhanced in the all studied traits.
Predicting Auger Energy Consumption for Olive Orchards Using the Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Tofeq Othman M.M. , Hilal Yousif Y. , Hamood Husain A.
Published: August 2023

The present work aims to study the development and application of Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks for predicting auger energy consumption based on input energy. The study utilized RBF networks and explored the input energy with treatments 2 (Soil moisture content), 2 (Rotary speeds), 2 (Hole depths) and 4 (Replication) based on field operations. As indicated by the results, energy input differed between the treatments but was not significant. The highest input value in transaction soil moisture content was 14.75 %, rotary speeds of 235 rpm, and hole depths of 40 cm. In comparison, the lower input energy at transaction soil moisture content was 7.9%, rotary speeds of 235 rpm, and hole depths of 20 cm. Input energy in treatment (14.75 %, 235 rpm, and 40 cm) and treatment (7.9 %,235 rpm, and 20 cm) were 100.204 and 57.135 MJ. ha-1, respectively. The highest input energy shares were recorded for diesel fuel at all treatments. Furthermore, the RBF network with one hidden layer had good convergence. The output results showed 10 and five hidden neurons in a hidden layer with high accuracy for treatment (14.75 %, 235 rpm, and 40 cm) and treatment (7.9%, 235 rpm, and 20 cm). In the treatment (14.75 %, 235 rpm, and 40 cm), the MSE for the training and testing sets was 0.0001 % and 0.01 % for data points with Ordinary RBF (ORBF type). The performance of the 3-10-1 architecture was better than other architectures. Finally, this research concluded that the RBF network method can forecast the input energy and energy expenditures related to the types of treatments.
Impact of Salicylic and Jasmonic Acid in Mitigating Salinity Stress on Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Barhi Cv.
Authors: Suhim Aqeel A. , Awad Khairullah M. , Jaffer Osama N. , Abass Mohammed H.
Published: August 2023

Date palm is one of the most important trees for economic and social development in many countries and its fruits with high nutritional value. This aimed to determine the role of salicylic (SA) and jasmonic acids (JA) as antioxidants against salt stress. Salt stress was applied with water irrigation to two-year-old date palm offshoots by using 200 mM NaCl alone or in combination with foliar sprays of JA and SA at 1, 2 and 3 mgL-1. Results indicate that salinity at 200 mM NaCl remarkably increased the content of osmolytes (e.g., proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars) in date palm leaves. Moreover, with the combination of 2 and 3 mg.L-1 SA and 1 mg.L-1 JA with salinity, the osmolyte content was remarkably higher than in salinity treatment alone. When date palm was exposed to salinity alone, the levels of oxidative markers, Malondialdehyde as a lipid peroxidation marker and H2O2 as a ROS accumulation marker, substantially increased compared with the control. Importantly, the levels of these oxidative markers remarkably decreased when plants were subjected to combined salinity and treatment with at 2 and 3 mg.L-1 SA and 3 mg.L-1 SA compared with the salinity treatment alone. In addition, spraying 2 and 3 mg.L-1 SA and 3 mg.L-1 JA on leaves combined with salinity treatment remarkably decreased the salinity effect on membrane stability index. Moreover, when 2 or 3 mg.L-1 were sprayed, no remarkable difference was detected for any investigated characteristics, and SA had a greater effect than JA in alleviating the salinity effect.
Evaluating the Susceptibility of Some Wheat Varieties to Infestation of Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) Under Storage Conditions
Authors: Karso Batol A.
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of eighteen Iraqi wheat varieties against the infestation of Khapra beetle Trogoderma granaruimnine Everts; nine varieties of durum wheat  Triticum turgidum  Desf. (Um Rabei, Aksad65, Cham3. Bakrajo-1, Semeto, Creso, Baghdad2, Zain Turk, Sardar), and nine varieties of bread wheat  T. aestivum L. (Jihan99, Azza, Cham6, Tamuz2, Adnaniya, Adana, Ibaa99, Azadi, and Abu-Ghraib) were selected. Results showed that the Abu-Ghraib and Azza varieties were the most resistant to infested by the beetles; the total of insect’s population reached 4.8, and 5 insects.100 g-1 of wheat, respectively. Growth rate of 0 and 0.1 insect/month-1, loss of weight grains of 1.6 and 1.9 %, and the decreasing germination of grains (4.81, and 0.6)% were recorded for both varieties, respectively. While var. Semeto was susceptible to the infestation; the insect population attained 1238.8 insects.100 g-1 of wheat with a growth rate of 82.3 insect/month-1; also the loss of weight grains was 58.5 % and the loss of germination of grains increased to 84.3%. To conclude, this study demonstrated that the durum wheat showed higher susceptibility than bread varieties.
Effect of Soil Amendments on Leaching of Thiamethoxam in Alluvial and Calcareous Soil
Authors: Fouad Mohamed R.
Published: August 2023

In this study, peat, compost and charcoal were added to reduce groundwater pollution with thiamethoxam by soil columns. Iodide has been used as a water tracer at a rate of 10 mL (0.1 M) for each soil column and that leached fast in all soil columns. The breakthrough curve of thiamethoxam was appeared from leachates of calcareous soil column and alluvial soil column with iodide. Accordingly it is considered thiamethoxam is highly mobile compound in tested soils. The addition of soil amendments reduced downward movement and significantly increased cumulative percentage of thiamethoxam from soil columns. After application; 85.21, 93.23, 98.12 and 97.84 % of applied thiamethoxam were recovered in leachates of alluvial soil, 5% peat-soil, 5% compost-soil and 5% charcoal-soil. While; 91.50, 99.30, 94.09 and 86.89 % from calcareous soil, 5% peat-soil, 5% compost-soil and 5% charcoal-soil columns. This is first study to assess, leaching of thiamethoxam and effect of soil amendments on leaching by soil columns. This information can be used to understand how alterations in agricultural practices and potential effects to groundwater.
Behaviour Study of Four Insecticides using different Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Issa Jaafar A. , Al-Farttoosy Alaa H. , Matrood Abdulnabi A.
Published: August 2023

The adsorption, distribution coefficient, Langmuir and Freundlich models and the mathematical evaluation of pesticides have become more interesting from an environmental point of view. The outcomes revealed that indoxacarb, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin are subjected to the Pseudo-first order reaction (PFO). The rate of degradation was reached, into 0.01, 0.07, and 0.04 a minute respectively. While chlorantraniliprole reached 0.00002 a minute. This indicates that these insecticides are decreasing in their concentrations depending only on the time. Hence, the time required to decrease 50% of each insecticide (DT50) was various periods. The DT50 for indoxacarb, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorantraniliprole 3.2, 1.9, 10.1, and 2.3 days respectively. The distribution Coefficient Kd as well scored (5.25, 1.30, 0.562, and 0.639) mL g-1 respectively. This indicated that indoxacarb, imidacloprid has a mobility behaviour, while the lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole are less mobile in the soil. In terms of Freundlich model (aF), chlorantraniliprole 2.82 and lambda-cyhalothrin 2.75 are more fit than indoxacarb 0.013 L g-1 and imidacloprid 0.249 L g-1 subjected to the Langmuir model (KL).
First Morphological and Molecular (28S rDNA) Characterization of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) parasitizing Cyprinus carpio, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Koyee Qaraman M.K. , Abdullah Shamall M.A.
Published: August 2023

The present study is the first morphological and molecular characterization of a monogenean Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Goto, 1891) parasitizing gill filaments of common carps (Cyprinus carpio) obtained from the Lesser Zab River in northeastern Iraq in the subdistrict of Altun-Kopru from July to October 2022 and transported to the Laboratory of Zoology Research, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq. Most previous studies regarding the considered parasite have targeted morphological data analysis. However, DNA sequence outline is typically supportive in systematics, since it contains aspects that are absent from morphological research. The main goal was to molecularly identify E. nipponicum utilizing the nuclear 28S rDNA region by PCR and nucleotide sequencing approach. The sequences were obtained and compared to the accessible GenBank sequences. The results justify the validation of E. nipponicum in Iraq using traditional (morphology-based) and modern (molecular-based) parasitological techniques. The latter one showed 99.11% (identity percentage) of E. nipponicum in comparison to the registered sequences of NCBI. Additionally, this was considered the first wide-ranging morphological and molecular study in the studied region. The phylogenetic relationship was concluded using Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. It was concluded that besides of the morphological characterization of E. nipponicum, PCR sequencing was considered a suitable molecular method for recognizing monogenean diplozoid species on the fishes.