bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Running Better than Walking for Reducing Hip Joint Loads?
Authors: SCHACHE ANTHONY G. , LIN YI-CHUNG , CROSSLEY KAY M. , PANDY MARCUS G.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Knowledge of hip biomechanics during locomotion is necessary for designing optimal rehabilitation programs for hip-related conditions. The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine how lower-limb muscle contributions to the hip contact force (HCF) differed between walking and running; and 2) compare both absolute and per-unit-distance (PUD) loads at the hip during walking and running.

Methods

Kinematic and ground reaction force data were captured from eight healthy participants during overground walking and running at various steady-state speeds (walking: 1.50 ± 0.11 m·s−1 and 1.98 ± 0.03 m·s−1; running: 2.15 ± 0.18 m·s−1 and 3.47 ± 0.11 m·s−1). A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model was used to calculate the HCF as well as lower-limb muscular contributions to the HCF in each direction (posterior–anterior; inferior–superior; lateral–medial). The impulse of the resultant HCF was calculated as well as the PUD impulse (BW·s·m−1) and PUD force (BW·m−1).

Results

For both walking and running, HCF magnitude was greater during stance than swing and was largest in the inferior–superior direction and smallest in the posterior–anterior direction. Gluteus medius, iliopsoas, and gluteus maximus generated the largest contributions to the HCF during stance, whereas iliopsoas and hamstrings generated the largest contributions during swing. When comparing all locomotion conditions, the impulse of the resultant HCF was smallest for running at 2.15 m·s−1 with an average magnitude of 2.14 ± 0.31 BW·s, whereas the PUD impulse and force were smallest for running at 3.47 m·s−1 with average magnitudes of 0.95 ± 0.18 BW·s·m−1 and 1.25 ± 0.24 BW·m−1, respectively.

Conclusions

Hip PUD loads were lower for running at 3.47 m·s−1 compared with all other locomotion conditions because of a greater distance travelled per stride (PUD impulse) or a shorter stride duration combined with a greater distance travelled per stride (PUD force).
Force–Length Relationship Modeling of Wrist and Finger Flexor Muscles
Authors: HAURAIX HUGO , GOISLARD DE MONSABERT BENJAMIN , HERBAUT ALEXIS , BERTON ERIC , VIGOUROUX LAURENT
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Because the hand joints possess a broad range of motion, the muscle length can vary importantly which might result in significant variations of the muscle force-generating capacities. However, facing the complexity of this musculoskeletal system, no study has examined the effect of hand muscle length change on muscle force. This study aimed to characterize the force–length relationship of muscles involved in wrist and metacarpophalangeal flexion.

Methods

Eleven participants performed two sessions: (i) one for the wrist flexor muscles and (ii) one for the finger flexor muscles. For each session, the participants performed two maximal voluntary contractions and then two progressive isometric ramps from 0% to 100% of their maximal force capacity at five different wrist/metacarpophalangeal angles. Torque, kinematic, and electromyographic data were recorded. An ultrasound scanner was used to measure the myotendinous junction displacement of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) during isometric contractions. A three-dimensional relationship between muscle length, force, and activation level was modeled using optimization procedure.

Results

Globally, the FCR was stronger and shorter compared with FDS. The results showed that the three-dimensional relationships fitted well the experimental data (mean R
2 = 0.92 ± 0.07 and 0.87 ± 0.11 for FCR and FDS, respectively). Using joint angle and EMG data, this approach allows to estimate the muscle force with low estimation errors (<9% of F
max).

Conclusions

This study proposes a new method to investigate the force–length relationship by combining ultrasound measurement, musculoskeletal modeling and optimization procedures. The data and relationships provide a new insight into hand biomechanics and muscle function that could be useful for designing hand tools or surgical operations.
Development of a human leukocyte antigen-based HIV vaccine
Authors: Wang Yufei
Published: June 2018

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carries abundant human cell proteins, particularly human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules when the virus leaves host cells. Immunization in macaques with HLAs protects the animals from simian immunodeficiency virus infection. This finding offers an alternative approach to the development of HLA molecule-based HIV vaccines. Decades of studies have enhanced a great deal of our understanding of the mechanisms of allo-immune response-mediated anti-HIV immunity. These include cell-mediated immunity, innate immunity, and antibody response. These studies provided a rationale for the future design of effective HIV vaccines.
Comparing protein structures with RINspector automation in Cytoscape
Authors: Brysbaert Guillaume , Mauri Théo , Lensink Marc F.
Published: June 2018

Residue interaction networks (RINs) have been shown to be relevant representations of the tertiary or quaternary structures of proteins, in particular thanks to network centrality analyses. We recently developed the RINspector 1.0.0 Cytoscape app, which couples centrality analyses with backbone flexibility predictions. This combined approach permits the identification of crucial residues for the folding or function of the protein that can constitute good targets for mutagenesis experiments. Here we present an application programming interface (API) for RINspector 1.1.0 that enables interplay between Cytoscape, RINspector and external languages, such as R or Python. This API provides easy access to batch centrality calculations and flexibility predictions, and allows for the easy comparison of results between different structures. These comparisons can lead to the identification of specific and conserved central residues, and show the impact of mutations to these and other residues on the flexibility of the proteins. We give two use cases to demonstrate the interest of these functionalities and provide the corresponding scripts: the first concerns NMR conformers, the second focuses on mutations in a structure.
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype epidemiology among PCV-10 vaccinated and unvaccinated children at Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, Nairobi County: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Walekhwa Michael , Muturi Margaret , Gunturu Revathi , Kenya Eucharia , Kabera Beatrice
Published: June 2018

Background:Streptococcus pneumoniae(SPn) serotype replacement and emergence of multidrug resistant SPnhas exacerbated the need for continuous regional serotype surveillance. We investigated SPnserotypes circulating among children ≤5 years in Nairobi County.

Methods:Streptococcus pneumoniaestocks stored at −70°C in brain heart infusion medium were thawed at room temperature for 30 minutes. In total, 10 µl of the stored SPncells were suspended in 50 µl PBS and gently vortexed. About 10 µl of the suspended cells were added on to a glass slide and mixed with 10 µl pooled antisera. The glass slide was swirled gently while observing for any reaction. The process was repeated with individual groups under various antisera pools. Those serotypes that did not belong to any pool were typed directly until a positive agglutination reaction was observed. The cells/PBS/serotype-specific antisera mixture on the glass slide were covered with a coverslip and observed under a phase contrast microscope at ×100 objective lens with oil emulsion.

Results:Out of the 206 subjects sampled, 20.39% (n=42) were found to be carriers of SPn. About 52% (n=22) of the SPncarriers had received the recommended dose of PCV-10, while 48% (n=20) of the carriers had not. Almost all (n=41; 19.90% of subjects) isolates contained non-vaccine type SPnserotypes, while n=1 of the serotypes (in 0.49% of subjects) were untypeable. Serotypes 28F, 6A, 11A, 3 and 7C were prevalent in both vaccinated and unvaccinated children, whereas serotypes 23A, 17F, 35F, 48, 13 and 35B, and 23B, 20, 19B, 21, untypeable, 15B and 39 were found among unvaccinated and vaccinated groups, respectively.

Conclusions:All SPnserotypes isolated from the subjects sampled were non PCV-10 vaccine type. Therefore Kenyan children receiving PCV-10 vaccine are not protected.
Mothers’ adherence to optimal infant and young child feeding practices in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nabirye Zabinah , Kiwanuka Frank , Nakaye Zainah , Kamurasi Ivan , Tolulope Agbele Alaba
Published: June 2018

Background: The benefits of adherence to optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) to both the mothers and their infants below two years are well documented. However, compliance to optimal IYCF practices has been noted to vary in different settings. This study sought to establish factors influencing mothers’ adherence to optimal infant and young child feeding practices for babies below two years in Mpigi town council- Mpigi District.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out among 264 mothers of babies between six months to two years of age attending postnatal care units of health facilities in Mpigi town council, Uganda: Mpigi Health Center (HC) IV and Kyaali HC III. Purposive sampling method was used to select the health centers while simple random sampling was then used to select the sample from the selected centers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.

Results: 264 participants were invited to participate in the study, 100% of these fully completed the survey. The majority of the mothers were aged 20 to 34 years (80.3%). After scoring each participant using the four characteristics which included: initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour following birth, exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months followed by continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods upto 2 years and beyond, the majority of the participants were adherent (79.6%) to IYCF practices while 20.4% were non adherent to IYCF practices.

Conclusion: A good estimate of adherence to optimal IYCF practices was revealed in this study. Sustaining well-established policies to support IYCF programmes is recommended to maintain optimal IYCF practices.
‘Read–through marking’ reveals differential nucleotide composition of read-through and truncated cDNAs in iCLIP
Authors: Huppertz Ina , Haberman Nejc , Ule Jernej
Published: June 2018

We established a modified iCLIP protocol, called ‘read-through marking’, which facilitates the detection of cDNAs that have not been truncated upon encountering the RNA–peptide complex during reverse transcription (read-through cDNAs). A large proportion of these cDNAs would be undesirable in an iCLIP library, as it could affect the resolution of the method. To this end, we added an oligonucleotide to the 5’-end of RNA fragments—a 5’-marker—to mark the read-through cDNAs. By applying this modified iCLIP protocol to PTBP1 and eIF4A3, we found that the start sites of read-through cDNAs are enriched in adenosines, while the remaining cDNAs have a markedly different sequence content at their starts, preferentially containing thymidines. This finding in turn indicates that most of the reads in our iCLIP libraries are a product of truncation with valuable information regarding the proteins’ RNA-binding sites. Thus, cDNA start sites confidently identify a protein’s RNA-crosslink sites and we can account for the impact of read-through cDNAs by commonly adding a 5’-marker.
Basic concepts and regulations in engineering techniques
Authors: Безъязычный Вячеслав , Bezyazychnyy Vyacheslav , Суслов Анатолий , Suslov Anatoliy
Published: June 2018

The improved basic concepts, definitions and regulations of engineering technique connected with its scientific development are stated. The formulations of these concepts and their interpretation are shown. Specific examples of the use of the mentioned technological concepts and definitions are presented.
Quality control of blanks manufactured by metal forming
Authors: Дёмин Виктор , Demin Virtor
Published: June 2018

Current requirements to blanks manufactured by metal forming are presented. There are shown data on accuracy and surface roughness of rolled blanks. Different fracture criteria used for the analysis of press forming are analyzed. It is shown that metal tests on Eriksen should not be used for the estimate of the limiting drawing ratio.
Operation properties support for products by technological methods
Authors: Сафонов Сергей , Safonov Sergey , Смоленцев Владислав , Smolentsev Vladislav
Published: June 2018

The paper reports the consideration of the matters of product quality increase by technological methods through the way of operation characteristics support of science intensive products under development at the stage of manufacturability improvement in the course of their mastering and introduction into production. A new approach to the choice of technological methods is shown to achieve the required properties through modification of a surface layer is shown for that purpose there is developed a system of choice among technological methods used and a purposefulness for new technological methods creation. A principle of utility with a criterion estimate of the most efficient processing options to support the required operation values of a product is assumed as a basis.
Structural reliability and methods for gas turbine engine life increase based on support of functionally-directed properties
Authors: Михайлов А. , Mikhaylov A. , Михайлов В. , Mikhailov V. , Михайлов Д. , Mikhaylov D. , Пичко А. , Pichko A. , Шейко Е. , Sheiko E.
Published: June 2018

In the paper presented there is carried out an analysis of peculiarities in the operation of structural elements and subsystems of gas turbine engine (GTE). A GTE structural reliability is investigated which is defined at the stage of aircraft engine design. There are shown structural logistic formulae of aircraft engine reliability. In the work there is offered a general approach to the life increase of GTE structural elements on the basis of functionally-directed properties. Basic principles for the support of functionally-directed properties of the GTE element base are shown. The ways to ensure a specified rated or limit GTE life on the basis of functionally-directed properties of elements are shown.
Problems of control, monitoring and diagnostics of complex mechatronic systems in mechanical engineering
Authors: Бржозовский Борис , Brzhozovskiy Boris , Бочкарев Петр , Bochkarev Petr , Мартынов Владимир , Martynov Vladimir , Мартынов Павел , Martynov Pavel
Published: June 2018

The paper reports the analysis results of problems connected with operation efficiency increase of complex mechatronic systems (CMS) under conditions of engineering production on the basis of the estimate and analysis of the state and its changes under conditions of distortions. A mathematical apparatus of the estimate is under consideration and a purposefulness for the development of special methods allowing the determination rapidly the significance of deviations in an evolution path of CMSs from the area limits of working capacity for obtaining responses to the questions connected with different aspects of their operation reliability support.
Abrasive tool design based on automated monitoring data of grinding
Authors: Шумячер Вячеслав , Shumyacher Vyacheslav , Славин Андрей , Slavin Andrey , Кадильников Александр , Kadilnikov Alexandr
Published: June 2018

An automated measuring complex (AMC) “Grinding” developed, manufactures and approbated is described, which solves a problem of grinding process monitoring at all stages of abrasion and gives an opportunity to carry out an adjustment at all stages of an engineering process taking into account both the properties of an abrasive tool, cooling engineering mixtures, and also machining modes. The principle of the automated system operation is based on the statistical analysis of output energy data of manufacturing equipment operation.
Mathematical methods in technological design
Authors: Чигиринский Юлий , Tchigirinsky Uyliy
Published: June 2018

On the basis of the analysis of technological design problems there is shown a possibility for the formalization of initial stages of metal-working production technological preparation at the expense of algebraic structures of discrete mathematics, methods and algorithms of the probability theory, the theory of networks and graphs, the theory of fuzzy sets.
Complex surface finishing control on NC milling machines
Authors: Козлов Александр , Kozlov Aleksandr , Малютин Геннадий , Malyutin Genadyi
Published: June 2018

On the basis of the analysis of cutting forces operating in the contact area of a ball mill with the surface under machining there are offered dependences for the technological parameters definition. The use of the dependences obtained allows increasing productivity of volumetric milling areas left unprocessed after semifinish milling without use of additional adaptive devices
Quality control, staff training and organization of competitive and advanced technology production
Authors: Васильев Виктор , Vasiliev Viktor , Александрова Светлана , Alexandrova Svetlana
Published: June 2018

The analysis of the most known approaches to the quality control and organization of competitive product manufacturing is shown, particular attention is paid to the problems of quality management.

There are considered modern methods and tools for quality control, the problems of training experts in the field of quality taking into account development of the promising methods for quality control are covered.

Possible directions for updating staff potential of high-technology branches of industry in the field of production organization and quality control are shown.
Tasks for the Russian Language for the Development of Language Literacy of the Younger Schoolchild
Authors: Кузнецова Марина , Kuznetsova Marina , Романова В. , Romanova V.
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the concept of “language literacy of younger schoolchildren”, analyzes the conditions for its effective development, which directly meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of primary general education. The authors offer examples of tasks that allow the teacher to strengthen work on language literacy in the process of studying by younger schoolchildren a systematic course of the Russian language.
American doctrine of pre-emptive strike from Monroe to trump: international legal aspects
Authors: Фархутдинов Инсур , Farhutdinov Insur
Published: June 2018

This research is devoted to the study of actual theoretical and practical problems of international security law. The unique scientific publication examines the problems of development and transformation of the American Monroe doctrine, which until now remains an interesting phenomenon of world diplomacy and international law. The path from the James Monroe doctrine of 1823 to Donald trump's "America First" concept of 2017 is dramatic and contradictory not only for the United States, but also for the entire system of international relations. The Monroe doctrine was the first official expansionist concept of the United States. If D. Monroe is considered a pioneer of the American preventive military strike, then D. trump can be called a worthy successor of the doctrine of anticipating a military attack. Based on the analysis of foreign policy doctrines of all us presidents, the author comes to interesting scientific and practical assumptions and conclusions. The work is prepared for researchers, teachers, graduate students, students, legislators, civil servants, law enforcement officers, all interested in the current problems of international law and international relations. Recommended for use as a textbook in the disciplines of "International law", "International relations".
A postal informed consent form for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Bonet Natalia Cambon , Lupu Roxana , Gibbings Sarah
Published: June 2018

Background:

A new postal informed consent form was introduced for gastroscopy patients at Royal South Hants Hospital. This included a pre-procedure information booklet intended to ensure valid consent, speed up the procedure and reduce anxiety.

Aims:

The study aimed to assess the efficacy of the information leaflet.

Method:

A quantitative survey was designed to assess information quality, anxiety levels and admission time using both binary yes/no and Likert-scale closed questions, as well as collect admission and discharge times.

Results and discussion:

Of the 88% of patients who received the booklet, 90% read it. Of these, 98% felt it was written clearly. Less than one third had had a previous gastroscopy, but over three-quarters knew what one was. Patient satisfaction with the information provided was very high, with 96% of respondents evaluating it very good or excellent. Admission periods were reduced by nearly 3 minutes. Changes in anxiety levels were not statistically significant, although high levels of anxiety were reduced in some patients.
Minimum unit pricing: the way off Gin Lane?
Authors: Jugdoyal Adrian
Published: June 2018

Nursing Lecturer at the University of West London, looks at the advantages and the pitfalls of controlling minimum alcohol prices
Research roundup
Authors: Costello John
Published: June 2018

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
Politics and palliative care: Burundi
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: June 2018

Dion Smyth's review of palliative nursing on the internet
Ready for lift off!
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: June 2018

Karen Hart continues her exploration of wings and flight with some creative activities, using natural resources, that will help children to begin to understand the laws of aerodynamics.
Friends and partners
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: June 2018

The mark of a high quality pre-school is having practitioners who are friendly and professional, and who will want to get to know parents in order to better support their children, says Annette Rawstrone.
Evaluation of the epidemiological profile and oral rehabilitation of patients with buccomaxillofacial trauma
Authors: De Lira Ana de Lourdes Sá , Mendes Neto João Marques , Portela Italo José Zacarias
Published: June 2018

Objective: To obtain the epidemiological profile and follow the rehabilitation of patients with buccomaxillofacial trauma attended at a hospital emergency service. Material and Methods: The study consisted of the analysis of medical charts, evaluation and follow-up of adult patients, over 18 years of age, in the preoperative and postoperative period from August 2015 to July 2016. Of the 114 charts examined, all had their epidemiological profile evaluated, but only 45 patients underwent a maxillofacial surgical procedure. During the clinical evaluation, post-trauma conditions were recorded before treatment (T1) and 48 hours after surgical treatment (T2). Results: The age group most affected by buccomaxillofacial trauma was between 20 and 31 years, especially in the male gender. The mandible and nasal bones were the most affected by trauma. The limitation of mouth opening was the main consequence and the levels of buccal opening before and after treatment of mandible fractures were significantly different. Conclusions: The profile of patients with facial trauma was composed of men, aged between 21 and 30 years, motorcycle traffic accidents and physical aggression being the predominant causal factors. The facial bones most affected by the trauma were the jaw and the nasal bones. The limitation of mouth opening was a consequence of the trauma of the mandibular region. Immediate treatment of fractures that affected the mandible provided the restoration of the maximum opening, occlusion and homeostasis of the stomatognathic system in the postoperative patients.KEYWORDS Trauma of head; Traumatology; Fracture fixation.
Hygroscopic expansion of bulk fill composites: A three-month report
Authors: Hasani Elham , Panahandeh Narges , Shamszadeh Sayna , Abrandabadi Ahmad Najafi , Sheikh-Al-Eslamian Seyedeh Mahsa
Published: June 2018

Polymer networks are considered to be largely affected by water and chemical absorption from environment. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygroscopic expansion of bulk-fill composite. Material and Methods: Fifteen disks (5 in each group) with different thickness(4mm/2mm) of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill composite(TB) and Tetric N-Ceram composite(TN) were made according to the manufacturer’s instruction and stored in deionized water. The length of each specimen was recorded using a digital micrometer at baseline and at the end of 24 h, 1, 2, 4, 12 weeks intervals. Repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey HSD were used to determine the effect of variables. At 12 weeks, the mean hygroscopic expansion after water immersion ranged between 0. 33±0.09mm for TN to 0.41±0.07mm for TB with 2mm thickness. Repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant increase in hygroscopic expansion over time (P<0.05). Results: The results indicated that at 24hours and 2weeks there was a significant difference among TN and TBwith 4mm thickness (p=0.007 and p=0.023, respectively). The other differences were not significant. Hygroscopic expansion affected by the type of composite and the passing of time. Conclusion: The results showed that the time taken to reach stabilization in hygroscopic expansion was shorter for TN in comparison with TB. For 2mm thickness equilibrium was attained earlier. KeywordsWater; Expansion; Composites; Polymerization; Bulk-fill.
Edemogenic test and hydrogen peroxide degradation rate of bleaching gels with different desensitizing agents
Authors: Briso André Luiz Fraga , Gallinari Marjorie Oliveira , Benetti Francine , Valentim Diego , Bueno Carlos Roberto Emerenciano , Marson Fabiano Carlos , Junior Eloi Dezan , Cintra Luciano Tavares Ângelo
Published: June 2018

Objective: The at-home bleaching technique leads to the intimate contact of the bleaching gel with gingival tissues, so this study evaluated the immediate inflammatory response, through the edemogenic test, induced by at-home bleaching gels of 10% carbamide peroxide with different desensitizing agents, the quantification of hydrogen peroxide released and bleaching gels pH. Material and Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into groups (n=12): CTRL-control group, WP-Whiteness Perfect 10% (FGM Produtos Odontológicos, Joinville, SC, Brazil), OPA-Opalescence 10% (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, IT, USA), and PB-Power Bleaching (BM4, Palhoça, SC, Brazil). For the edemogenic test, all rats received an intravenous injection of Evan's Blue; after 30 min, 0.2 mL of each bleaching gels was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the rats, and the results of the vascular permeability were assessed after 3 and 6h. The amount of HP released and pH of each product was also determined. Data were submitted to statistical test (p<0.05). Results: At 3h, the PB showed higher vascular permeability than the other groups. At 6h, the PB produced similar vascular permeability than WHI, and higher than OPA and CTRL groups. The OPA group had a higher vascular permeability at 6h compared to 3h; there is no difference in other groups. The PB group had higher HP concentrations than the other groups. Conclusion: In general, the PB caused a more considerable amount of inflammatory edema and higher amount of HP released. This results suggesting that these bleaching gels cause greater aggression in soft gingival tissues that eventually ends up in contact with bleaching products KeywordsTooth bleaching; Carbamide peroxide; Hydrogen peroxide; Capillary permeability.
Understanding the interaction of resin composite with light for predictable aesthetic results in anterior teeth: A case report
Authors: Scotti Cassiana Koch , Bastos Natália Almeida , Velo Marília Matar de Amoêdo Campos , Zabeu Giovanna Speranza , Bueno Lígia Saraiva , Bombonatti Juliana Fraga Soares , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia
Published: June 2018

This case report illustrates a conservative technique for reintervention on anterior composite restorations in a young patient with composite veneers. The treatment incorporated the use of photos and digital planning to establish a harmonious smile design. In order to conserve the dental tissues, existing resin composites restorations in maxillary anterior teeth were carefully removed to minimize enamel reduction, followed by a study of color and shade of teeth considering factors such as hue, chroma, luminosity, opacity, translucency and light effects. Eight direct veneers were built up with resin composite taking the optical properties of the material into account and their influence on the thickness of the layers that create specific light effects when superimposed on each other. To obtain excellent results with a predictable working protocol, nanohybrid composite systems facilitate good aesthetics, avoiding more invasive treatment in an economic manner.KeywordsDental aesthetic; Optical proprieties; Resin composite.
Fracking en el Acuífero Transfronterizo Edwards-Trinity-El Burro: implicaciones y daños ambientales transfronterizos
Authors: Hatch Kuri Gonzalo
Published: June 2018

En México, se proyecta en lo inmediato la extracción de gas de lutitas o shale gas por medio del fracturamiento hidráulico o fracking en el área fronteriza de Coahuila con Texas, y se prevé que la principal fuente de abastecimiento hídrica sea el agua subterránea, localizada a su vez en el Sistema Acuífero Transfronterizo Edwards-Trinity-El Burro. No obstante, la literatura y los estudios especializados, advierten sobre vacíos de conocimiento con relación al funcionamiento hidrogeológico, socio-técnico y ambiental de ese sistema acuífero compartido. De acuerdo con la metodología de evaluación de los Acuíferos Transfronterizos del Programa ISARM/Américas (2015), este trabajo efectuó un diagnóstico inicial en el conjunto de la información relativa al Sistema Acuífero Transfronterizo Edwards-Trinity-El Burro, para demostrar que al fracking poco se la ha estudiado y relacionado con los procesos y márgenes de alteración de los sistemas de flujo del agua subterránea transfronteriza, en función de la demanda de agua que implica dicha técnica de fracturamiento. Asimismo, se llevó a cabo un análisis comparativo entre los mecanismos jurídicos e institucionales existentes entre Texas y México para la protección y conservación del agua subterránea con relación al fracking, advirtiendo la existencia de importantes asimetrías en el conocimiento, evaluación y gestión de estos cursos de agua compartidos. Los resultados sugieren que en México existe poco conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de los acuíferos transfronterizos y en consecuencia, la falta de un esquema conjunto para la prevención y control de daños ambientales transfronterizos derivados del fracking.
Redescription of Larval Development in Cultured Pearl Oyster Pinctada maxima
Authors: Mulyana Jeane Siswitasari , Farajallah Achmad , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: June 2018

Larval development plays a major role in efficient pearl culture. The cultured larvae will be later used for recipient and donor oysters in cultured pearl production. Larval developmental stage of silver lip pearl oyster Pinctada maxima has been reported by several studies. Those studies used female and male oyster parents directly taken from natural habitat.This study aimed to redescribe larval development of P. maxima from commercial pearl oyster culture farm in Indonesia. Larval development of this species whose parents are originated from selected groups in the pearl culture farm has not been reported yet, thus it is necessary to be described. This species undergoes specific larval developmental stage. The larvae were observed under microscope, and then the average shell length (SL) and shell height (SH) were measured. D-shaped veliger larva (77.4±0.3 µm SL; 65.4±1.1 µm SH) appeared 20 h after fertilization. Tenday-old larva (156.2±2.8 µm SL; 149.5±5.6 µm SH) had developed umbo region so it was called umbonal larva. Umbonal larva then developed further into plantigrade larva (411.3±9.8 µm SL; 380.5±6.9 µm SH) in 25 days after fertilization. Developmental stage and larval sizein P. maxima is similar with those observed in P. fucata and P. margaritifera. Keywords: growth, larva, plantigrade, shell, umbo, veliger
Quantitative Comparison of Algorithms for Estimating the Air-sea Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in Malacca Straits
Authors: Maslukah Lilik , Adisaputro Didi , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo
Published: June 2018

A precise quantification of the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2(water)) at the water surface is required in order to define the role of the sea in air-sea exchange of CO2. Even though the pCO2(water) can be measured directly, the semi-empirical model has seen numerous application in determining the pCO2 (water) due to a time-and cost-efficient. This study aims to compare the pCO2 and FCO2 (Flux of CO2) calculated using Zhai and Zhu algorithm with the underway datasets of pCO2 obtained during the scientific cruise of CISKA-SPICE III in April 2013. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was measured using a high-accuracy electrochemical instrumentation underway HydroC/CO2 FT (flow through) with an error ±1 μ atm. Furthermore, in order to calculate the pCO2 and the FCO2 employing widely used algorithms, some data were needed including wind speed, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a extracted from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). According to the results obtained, the difference between the pCO2 and FCO2 derived from those two algorithms are significant. The underway datasets of pCO2 are ranging from 409.52-544.01 µatm. Meanwhile, the pCO2 derived using the Zhai algorithm and Zhu algorithm are between 405.003–422.79 µatm and 398.94-752.06 µatm respectively. The FCO2 are varied between 0.02–0.06 molC.m-2.day-1 (Zhai algorithm), 0.02-0.57 molC.m-2.day-1  (Zhu algorithm) dan 0.04-0.23 molC.m-2.day-1 (the underway datasets). A comparison of the two results reveals that pCO2 derived using Zhai algorithm is closer with the underway datasets compared with the result of pCO2 calculated using Zhu algorithm with the MRE (Mean Relative Estimation Error) as large as 19.4% and 39% respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the Zhai algorithm is more appropriate to determine algorithms for estimating the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide in the Malacca Straits.Keywords: carbon dioxide, Malacca Straits, pCO2, FCO2, Zhai and Zhu algorithm
Distribution and Abundance of Fish Larvae in South of Alas Strait, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Jatmiko Irwan , Rochman Fathur , Arnenda Gussasta Levi
Published: June 2018

The early life of fish larvae is important to understand the entire life history of the fish. At this phase, larvae movement is very weak and dependent on the movement of water currents. This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of fish larvae in the waters south of the Port of Tanjung Luar, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sampling of fish larvae were done at five stations at waters around Alas Strait and Indian Ocean south of East Lombok. Sampled were collected from 5 different depth: 0-200 m, 201-1000 m, 1001-2000 m, 2001-3000 m and >3000 m. A total of 122 fish larvae were collected which belong to 26 families and varied compositions among observation stations. The samples was dominated by Scombridae family (18 %), followed by Carrangidae and Blenniidae (13.1% and 6.6%, respectively). The highest abundance was occurred in station V (0-200 m) of 125 individuals.1000-1m3. It showed that inshore/shallow waters have more abundance than offshore/deep waters. The findings from this study can be basic information for the authorities to establish sustainable fisheries policy. Keywords: fish, larvae movement, sustainable fishery, early life.
Utility of Underwater Weenie Life Forms as Voluminous Organisms: A Review
Authors: Kerry Rout George , Padhiary Samprit , Mahapatra Gyana Prakash , Rout Jyoti Ranjan
Published: June 2018

Coral reefs are a sundry subaqueous ecological community, combined with the calcium carbonate structures secreted by converting the carbon dioxide present in the water into limestone. The biotic portion of the coral reef is marine animal known as polyps that have resemblance with jellyfish. Unlike terrestrial environment, the marine component is tightly interdependent. Taking out one component or loss of from a system can have a devastating impact or undermine the entire marine ecosystem. Reefs specifically are a vital organism among underwater life which is dependent on corals and provide key microhabitat, shelter and breeding ground for thousands of species of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, etc. Coral reef possesses vital ethnobotanical properties, which cures asthma, arthritis, and even cancer. Apart from medicinal properties, further it provides 2/3rd of oxygen on earth. However, the destructive fishing practices, pollution and ocean acidification have endangered this kingdom and have led to the threatening of the entire fabric of the underwater life. As human beings are also dependent up to much extent for centuries, there is a high probability of being severely affected if the coral reef extinct leaving the seabed barren. Corals cover almost 1 % of the oceans present on earth, but the irony is 75 % of them are on a verge of extinction. Therefore, the present review focuses on its conservation, cultivation and significance of their application in the field of biomedical science.Keywords: Coral reef, endangered, ethnobotany, extinction, marine ecosystem, pollution.
Synthesis of Carbon Integration Networks Coupled with Hydrate Suppression and Dehydration Options
Authors: Klaimi Rachid , Alnouri Sabla Y , Al-Mohannadi Dhabia , Zeaiter Joseph , Linke Patrick
Published: June 2018

The excessive increase in carbon dioxide emissions through the past several decades has raised global climate change concerns. As such, environmental policy makers have been looking into the implementation of efficient strategies that would ultimately reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels, and meet strict emissions targets. As part of a national emission reduction strategy, the reduction of carbon-dioxide emissions from industrial activities has been proven to be very significant. This instigated the need for a systematic carbon integration approach that can yield cost-effective carbon integration networks, while meeting prescribed carbon dioxide emission reduction targets in industrial cities. A novel carbon integration methodology has been previously proposed as a carbon network source-sink mapping approach using a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP), and was found to be very effective to devise emission control strategies in industrial cities. This paper aims to further improve the design process of carbon integration networks, by coupling carbon integration networks with hydrate suppression/moisture removal options. This was found vital for the prevention of any potential hazards that are associated with the transportation of carbon dioxide in pipelines, such as hydrate formation and various corrosion effects, which may result from moisture retention. An extensive analysis of carbon capture, dehydration, inhibition, compression, and transmission options have all been incorporated into the network design process, in the course of determining cost-optimal solutions for carbon dioxide networks. The proposed approach has been illustrated using an industrial city case study.
Transient Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of non-Newtonian Supercritical Third-Grade Fluid (CO2) past a Vertical Cylinder
Authors: Janardhana Reddy G. , Hiremath Ashwini , Basha Hussain , Venkata Narayanan N.S.
Published: June 2018

The present study deals with the time-dependent natural convective supercritical third-grade fluid flow past a vertical cylinder. A new thermodynamic model for the supercritical carbon di-oxide (CO2) has been derived. In this model the thermal expansion coefficient is characterized as a function of pressure, temperature and compressibility factor. This model uses the Redlich-Kwong equation of state (RK-EOS). The numerically calculated thermal expansion coefficient values of CO2 are validated with available experimental results. The governing non-linear coupled partial differential equations are solved by using Crank-Nicolson method. The obtained numerical data is described in terms of velocity, temperature, skin-friction and Nusselt number through the graphs and tables for the different set of physical parameters. It is observed that the unsteady velocity is an increasing function of reduced pressure and reduced temperature; whereas it is a decreasing function with respect to third-grade fluid parameter. The temperature field is enhanced near the critical point for the increasing values of third-grade fluid parameter. In supercritical fluid region for the increasing values of reduced pressure and reduced temperature, the skin-friction values are magnified against time. Also, the average heat transfer rate decreases for increasing values of third-grade fluid parameter.
Language learning strategy use in context: the effects of self-efficacy and CLIL on language proficiency
Authors: Jaekel Nils
Published: June 2018

Language learning strategies (LLS) are suggested to facilitate learning and support learner autonomy. The integration of content and language in foreign language education increases the cognitive work load. Furthermore, self-efficacy has been identified as a key predictor for strategy use and language achievement. The present study aimed to (1) investigate LLS use in content-based versus traditional foreign language environments and (2) assess the impact LLS use and self-efficacy have on language proficiency. Participants were Year 9 Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and regular English as a foreign language (EFL) students (N=378) in Germany. Structural equation modelling, controlling for a range of confounding variables, showed that (1) there was no difference in LLS use between CLIL and EFL students. (2) LLS use had a negative impact while self-efficacy predicted higher language proficiency. These results suggest that students may best be supported by enhancing their self-efficacy while they should carefully choose their strategies.
Die Aktionärsstruktur der Deutschen Bank, 1870-1929
Authors: Bol Angela
Published: June 2018

I examine the ownership of Deutsche Bank between 1870 and 1930 by using shareholder lists of the general meetings from the archive in Berlin. I show that Deutsche Bank had more than 200 shareholders and was mainly widely held. The bank had no single dominant shareholder owning more than 25 percent of shares. However, attendance at general meetings was low and shareholders remained mostly anonymous. As a consequence, the general meetings of Deutsche Bank were dominated by banks and inside shareholders. Banks – holding shares predominantly as custodians of other investors – played an important role in affecting the outcome of the general meeting.
On the asymptotic study of transmission problem in a thin domain
Authors: Benseghir Aissa , Benseridi Hamid , Dilmi Mourad
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we study the theoretical analysis of a frictionless contact between two general elastic bodies in a stationary regime in a three-dimensional thin domain

Ω
ε

{\Omega^{\varepsilon}}

with Tresca friction law. Firstly, the problem statement and variational formulation are presented.
We then obtain the estimates on displacement independently of the parameter ε.
Finally, we obtain the main results concerning the limit of a weak problem and its uniqueness.
Stability and Change under the Global Model of Constitutional Rights: A Reply to Vanessa MacDonnell
Authors: Möller Kai
Published: June 2018

The essay responds to a challenge posed by Vanessa MacDonnell and examines the question of stability and change under the global model of constitutional rights. Constitutionalism offers the promise of both stability and justice, but it may seem that there will often be a tension between these values. While some have accused the global model, and in particular proportionality, of overemphasizing justice at the cost of stability, MacDonnell claims that it underemphasizes the necessity of social change. In this response, I argue that in the long run the push for social change and towards justice can be realized only when there is also a certain stability, namely the stubborn democratic insistence that any state action must be reasonably justifiable to those affected by it in terms of their freedom and equality. This conviction lies at the core and will be reinforced by the endorsement of the global model of constitutional rights.
A Private Law Court in A Public Law System
Authors: Greene Jamal
Published: June 2018

The U.S. Supreme Court’s approach to human rights is a global outlier. In conceiving of rights adjudication in categorical terms rather than embracing proportionality analysis, the Court limits its ability to make the kinds of qualitative judgments about rights application required to adjudicate claims of disparate impact, social and economic rights, and horizontal effects, among others. This approach, derivative of a private-law model of dispute resolution, sits in tension with the rights claims typical of a pluralistic jurisdiction with a mature rights culture, in which litigants more often disagree, reasonably, about the scope of rights rather than deny that others have them at all. In order to overcome the mismatch between the nature of the rights claims the Court faces and its anachronistic technology of adjudication, it will need not only to adopt a form of proportionality analysis but it will also need to adjust the ways in which it receives and assesses empirical social facts and it will need to broaden its remedial toolkit to include, for example, suspensions of invalidity. While proportionality is far from perfect, its flaws are anticipated by the challenges of constitutional democracy itself under conditions of pluralism.
Introduction
Authors: McClure Julia
Published: June 2018

This forum examines the role of charity in empire formations from a diachronic and transregional perspective. It focuses upon the beliefs, discourses, and practices of charity that developed within Christianity and the roles they played in the West’s imperial projects, from the first global empires that emerged from the Iberian Peninsula in the sixteenth century to projects of philanthro-imperialism in modern China. This forum exposes the complex religious, economic, political, and cultural roles that charity has played in imperial projects and increases our consciousness of the ways it continues to shape global politics. It shines light on the way in which governing bodies, institutions, and individuals have instrumentalized charity to achieve a range of strategic functions whilst shaping the narrative and image of their power. Viewing empire through the lens of charity also provides the opportunity to bring not only the rich but also the poor into focus and to explore the ways they have been active subjects negotiating for a range of material and immaterial resources in imperial contexts.