bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Social Media Mining and Analysis Approach for Supporting Cyber Youth Work
Authors: Wang W.M. , Cheung Benny C.F. , Leung Zeno C.S. , Chan K.H. , See-To Eric W.K.
Published: February 2017

Cyber youth work is a pioneering and proactive approach used by non-government organizations to address the changing needs of the youth groups, particularly those at-risk and “hidden” young people. This paper describes the development process of a social media mining and analysis method, which is built to facilitate services for cyber youth work. The method incorporates an iterative method for collecting, selecting and extracting domain keywords in selected social media. A hybrid approach which combines heuristic rules and n-gram analysis for bilingual word segmentation has been developed. Then, social network analysis is used to analyze the extracted results. A pilot study has been done by using drug abuse as the study topic. It demonstrated high potential of the method to enhance cyber youth work. The weights deduced by the method have found to have a positive correlation with the benchmarked scores. It helps to understand the characteristic of the network, identify target clients, and provide data support for marking decisions.
Identification of Optimal Condition for Solid State Welding of Al/SiCp Composite using Taguchi Principles Integrated TOPSIS (TPIT) Method
Authors: Ramalingam Adalarasan , Muthuvel Santhanakumar
Published: February 2017

Traditional fusion welding techniques generally involve melting of parent material and were found to produce poor joints with aluminium based alloys and composites. The aim of research is to study the strength related characteristics of solid state joints formed with Al/SiCp composites using continuous drive friction welding process. The dominant welding parameters included in study are frictional pressure, upset pressure, speed of rotation and burn off length. The mechanical properties such as proof stress, tensile strength and Vickers hardness are observed for various joints, formed using a L27 orthogonal array design. The optimal welding condition is sorted out using Taguchi principles integrated with technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TPIT) method, taking into account the factor interactions as well. The approach is validated through the confirmation test. ANOVA is performed to supplement the TPIT method and upset pressure is identified as the prime parameter affecting the responses. The microscopic images of fractured surfaces are also examined.
Dynamics of Deformable Fractal Surface in Contact with Harmonically Excited Rigid Flat
Authors: Jana Tamonash , Mitra Anirban , Sahoo Prasanta
Published: February 2017

Dynamics of contact between a deformable fractal rough surface and a rigid flat is studied under harmonic excitation to the flat surface. Fractal surface is generated from the modified Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function and is imported to ANSYS to construct the finite element model of the same. A parameter called ‘nonlinearity exponent', is obtained from the force-displacement relationship of the rough surface and is used to find out the dynamic properties of the contacting interface using single spring-mass-damper model. The effect of variation in surface roughness and material properties on the system response is analyzed. The system exhibits superharmonic responses for different values of the nonlinearity exponent. The phase plot and time-displacement plots for the system are also furnished.
The Effects of Network Externality and Flow Experience on Mobile SNS Continuance
Authors: Zhou Tao
Published: February 2017

Facilitating users' continuance usage and retaining them are crucial to the success of mobile social networking sites (SNS). Drawing on both perspectives of network externality and flow, this research examined the factors affecting mobile SNS continuance usage. Network externality includes two factors: referent network size and perceived complementarity, which represent direct externality and indirect externality, respectively. The results indicated that both factors of network externality have significant effects on flow, which further affects satisfaction and continuance usage. The results imply that service providers need to deliver a positive network externality and an engaging experience in order to facilitate users' continuance usage.
An Empirical Study of the Adoption of an Indoor Location-Based Service
Authors: Gao Shang , Krogstie John , Thingstad Trond , Tran Hoang
Published: February 2017

This research examined the adoption of indoor location-based services in Norway. By expanding the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a research model, known as the mobile services acceptance model, was used. Based on the research model, seven research hypotheses were presented. The proposed research model and hypotheses were empirically tested using data collected from a survey of users of an indoor location-based service, finding reading rooms, at a Norwegian university. Support was found for five of the seven research hypotheses. Among the factors, the perceived usefulness has the strongest influence on the intention to use. The finding also indicated that trust did not have a direct positive effect on intention to use.
IL-10 Plays Opposing Roles during Staphylococcus aureus Systemic and Localized Infections
Authors: Leech John M. , Lacey Keenan A. , Mulcahy Michelle E. , Medina Eva , McLoughlin Rachel M.
Published: February 2017

IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator that plays a crucial role in limiting host immunopathology during bacterial infections by controlling effector T cell activation. Staphylococcus aureus has previously been shown to manipulate the IL-10 response as a mechanism of immune evasion during chronic systemic and biofilm models of infection. In the present study, we demonstrate divergent roles for IL-10 depending on the site of infection. During acute systemic S. aureus infection, IL-10 plays an important protective role and is required to prevent bacterial dissemination and host morbidity by controlling effector T cells and the associated downstream hyperactivation of inflammatory phagocytes, which are capable of host tissue damage. CD19+CD11b+CD5+ B1a regulatory cells were shown to rapidly express IL-10 in a TLR2-dependent manner in response to S. aureus, and adoptive transfer of B1a cells was protective during acute systemic infection in IL-10–deficient hosts. In contrast, during localized s.c. infection, IL-10 production plays a detrimental role by facilitating bacterial persistence via the same mechanism of controlling proinflammatory T cell responses. Our findings demonstrate that induction of IL-10 has a major influence on disease outcome during acute S. aureus infection. Too much IL-10 at one end of the scale may suppress otherwise protective T cell responses, thus facilitating persistence of the bacteria, and at the other end, too little IL-10 may tend toward fatal host-mediated pathology through excessive activation of T cells and associated phagocyte-mediated damage.
Comparison of four phenotypic methods for detection of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in rural teaching hospital
Authors: Panchal Chinjal A. , Oza Sweta Sunil , Mehta Sanjay J.
Published: February 2017

CONTEXT: Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing bacteria lead to resistance to carbapenem an antibiotic that used as the last resort for treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria, extended spectrum beta-lactamases, and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). The emergence of MBL-producing GNB is challenge to microbiology laboratories because there are no standardized guidelines available to detect them. The aim of this study was to compare four phenotypic methods to detect MBL production in GNB and to determine antibiotic sensitivity of MBL-producing isolates.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 107 clinical isolates of GNB were tested for MBL production. Imipenem (IPM)-resistant GNB were taken as positive for MBL screening. MBL detection was done using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as MBL inhibitor. Four phenotypic methods were evaluated: (1) Combined disk synergy test (CDST) with 0.5M EDTA (CDST-0.5 M EDTA), (2) CDST with 0.1 M EDTA (CDST-0.1 M EDTA), (3) double-disk synergy test (DDST) with 0.5M EDTA (DDST-0.5 M EDTA), and (4) DDST with 0.1 M EDTA (DDST-0.1 M EDTA).

RESULTS: Out of 107 GNB, 30 were resistant to IPM considered as screening positive. Out of 30, 21 (70%) isolates were MBL positive by CDST-0.1 M EDTA, 19 (63.33%) by CDST-0.5M EDTA, 17 (56.67%) by DDST-0.1 M EDTA, and 16 (53.33%) by DDST-0.5M EDTA. All MBL-producing Gram-negative Bacilli were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam. Polymyxin B was found to be the most sensitive drug.

CONCLUSION: CDST-0.1 M EDTA is the most sensitive method MBL detection. The detection of MBL-producing GNB is very important to control spread of the resistance.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft: The Geometric Langlands Conjecture
Authors: Fargues Laurent , Gaitsgory Dennis , Scholze Peter , Vilonen Kari
Published: February 2017

The Langlands program is a vast, loosely connected, collection of theorems and conjectures. At quite different ends, there is the geometric Langlands program, which deals with perverse sheaves on the stack of

G

-bundles on a smooth projective curve, and the local Langlands program over

p

-adic fields, which deals with the representation theory of

p

-adic groups. Recently, inspired by applications to p-adic Hodge theory, Fargues and Fontaine have associated with any

p

-adic field an object that behaves like a smooth projective curve. Fargues then suggested that one can interpret the geometric Langlands conjecture on this curve, to give a new approach towards the local Langlands program over

p

-adic fields.
Diophantische Approximationen
Authors: Bugeaud Yann , Habegger Philipp , Zannier Umberto
Published: February 2017

This number theoretic conference was focused on a broad variety of subjects in (or closely related to) Diophantine approximation, including the following: metric Diophantine approximation, Mahler’s method in transcendence, geometry of numbers, theory of heights, arithmetic dynamics, function fields arithmetic.
Factorization Algebras and Functorial Field Theories
Authors: Gwilliam Owen , Stolz Stephan , Teichner Peter , Zeinalian Mahmoud
Published: February 2017

Factorization algebras are a new mathematical approach to quantum field theory. They are related to functorial field theories, another approach to quantum field theory. Factorization algebras also figure in current research in manifold topology, homotopy theory and algebraic geometry. The workshop brought together researchers from many different fields to understand and deepen these connections.
Hyperbolic Techniques in Modelling, Analysis and Numerics
Authors: Colombo Rinaldo M. , LeFloch Philippe G. , Rohde Christian
Published: February 2017

Several research areas are flourishing on the roots of the breakthroughs in conservation laws that took place in the last two decades. The meeting played a key role in providing contacts among the different branches that are currently developing. All the invitees shared the same common background that consists of the analytical and numerical techniques for nonlinear hyperbolic balance laws. However, their fields of applications and their levels of abstraction are very diverse. The workshop was the unique opportunity to share ideas about analytical issues like the fine-structure of singular solutions or the validity of entropy solution concepts. It turned out that generalized hyperbolic techniques are able to handle the challenges posed by new applications. The design of efficient structure preserving methods turned out to be the major line of development in numerical analysis.
Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin Method with a Simple and Compact Hermite WENO Limiter on Unstructured Meshes
Authors: Zhu Jun , Zhong Xinghui , Shu Chi-Wang , Qiu Jianxian
Published: February 2017

In this paper we generalize a new type of compact Hermite weighted essentially non-oscillatory (HWENO) limiter for the Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method, which was recently developed in [38] for structured meshes, to two dimensional unstructured meshes. The main idea of this HWENO limiter is to reconstruct the new polynomial by the usage of the entire polynomials of the DG solution from the target cell and its neighboring cells in a least squares fashion [11] while maintaining the conservative property, then use the classical WENO methodology to form a convex combination of these reconstructed polynomials based on the smoothness indicators and associated nonlinear weights. The main advantage of this new HWENO limiter is the robustness for very strong shocks and simplicity in implementation especially for the unstructured meshes considered in this paper, since only information from the target cell and its immediate neighbors is needed. Numerical results for both scalar and system equations are provided to test and verify the good performance of this new limiter.
Is Pollution Effect of Finite Difference Schemes Avoidable for Multi-Dimensional Helmholtz Equations with High Wave Numbers?
Authors: Wang Kun , Wong Yau Shu
Published: February 2017

This paper presents an approach using the method of separation of variables applied to 2D Helmholtz equations in the Cartesian coordinate. The solution is then computed by a series solutions resulted from solving a sequence of 1D problems, in which the 1D solutions are computed using pollution free difference schemes. Moreover, non-polluted numerical integration formulae are constructed to handle the integration due to the forcing term in the inhomogeneous 1D problems. Consequently, the computed solution does not suffer the pollution effect. Another attractive feature of this approach is that a direct method can be effectively applied to solve the tridiagonal matrix resulted from numerical discretization of the 1D Helmholtz equation. The method has been tested to compute 2D Helmholtz solutions simulating electromagnetic scattering from an open large cavity and rectangular waveguide.
Incidences and Costs of Illness for Diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infections for Children < 5 Years of Age in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Halder Amal K. , Luby Stephen P. , Akhter Shamima , Ghosh Probir K. , Johnston Richard B. , Unicomb Leanne
Published: February 2017

Understanding illness costs associated with diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI) could guide prevention and treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine incidence of childhood diarrhea and ARI and costs of homecare, hospitalization, and outpatient treatment by practitioner type in rural Bangladesh. From each of 100 randomly selected population clusters we sampled 17 households with at least one child < 5 years of age. Childhood diarrhea incidence was 3,451 and ARI incidence was 5,849/1,000 child-years. For diarrhea and ARI outpatient care per 1,000 child-years, parents spent more on unqualified ($2,361 and $4,822) than qualified health-care practitioners ($113 and $947). For outpatient care, visits to unqualified health-care practitioners were at least five times more common than visits to qualified practitioners. Costs for outpatient care treatment by unqualified health-care practitioners per episode of illness were similar to those for qualified health-care practitioners. Homecare costs were similar for diarrhea and ARI ($0.16 and $0.24) as were similar hospitalization costs per episode of diarrhea and ARI ($35.40 and $37.76). On average, rural Bangladeshi households with children < 5 years of age spent 1.3% ($12 of $915) of their annual income managing diarrhea and ARI for those children. The majority of childhood illness management cost comprised visits to unqualified health-care practitioners. Policy makers should consider strategies to increase the skills of unqualified health-care practitioners, use community health workers to provide referral, and promote homecare for diarrhea and ARI. Incentives to motivate existing qualified physicians who are interested to work in rural Bangladesh could also be considered.
Bodega de Arte en Dilesi, Beocia. Grecia
Authors: Architecture Estudio de arquitectura
Published: February 2017

Entre olivos, adelfas y cipreses, en un terreno de 4.000 m2 y a pocos metros de su vivienda en Dilesi, Beocia, la antigua Delion de Grecia, se ubicó la construcción del nuevo taller del pintor y escultor Alexandros Liapis. Una parte del paisaje fue incorporada en la galería de esculturas en el espacio abierto, albergando las creaciones del artista.
Patternmaking for Jacket and Coat Design
Authors: Vanderlinde Pamela
Published: February 2017

Jacket design gives students and designers alike trouble, both technically and creatively; the technicality of their design and existing texts on the subject often leave novices and budding designers puzzled.

Patternmaking for Jacket and Coat Design covers patternmaking techniques for seven iconic jacket and coat designs, focusing not only on the concepts needed to draft patterns, but also uniquely exploring the history of each garment design to reveal what lies behind their enduring appeal today. Each chapter provides easy-to-follow patterns for the blazer, tuxedo, military, motorcycle and Mao jackets, as well as the balmacaan and frock coats.

Patternmaking for Jacket and Coat Design is an accessible, no-fuss, and visually stimulating manual for patterning iconic jackets and coats, providing a completely invaluable resource for both designers and amateur patternmakers.
Apparel Production Terms and Processes
Authors: Bubonia Janace E.
Published: February 2017

Apparel Production Terms and Processes defines materials and terms relating to the mass production of raw materials, design and product development, patternmaking, garment details and component parts, assembly, production and manufacturing, labeling regulations, packaging and finishing, testing, and quality control. In this revised edition of the classic Fashion Production Terms, chapters are presented in a progression that relates to the flow of the production process or the route of the garment from its origin through development to completion. Each chapter opens with a brief introduction followed by terms that are listed alphabetically; terms are grouped according to subject by use or application.
Brand Management Strategies
Authors: D’Arienzo William
Published: February 2017

As global economies grow and the cost of doing business increases, the brand is the pre-eminent business asset needed for success in global business development. Brand Management Strategies: Luxury to Mass Marketpresents the brand experience on a market continuum from mass market to luxury, using diverse examples from Burberry to BMW, Coca-Cola to Chanel, and Starbucks to Starwood. Underpinned by the author's many years of practical experience as both a professor and brand consultant, this book details the proven steps necessary to develop, build, and sustain a successful brand, brand strategy, and business.
Radiative and climate effects of stratospheric sulfur geoengineering using seasonally varying injection areas
Authors: Laakso Anton , Korhonen Hannele , Romakkaniemi Sami , Kokkola Harri
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Stratospheric sulfur injections have often been suggested as a cost effective geoengineering method to prevent or slow down global warming. In geoengineering studies these injections are commonly targeted to the equator, where the intensity of the solar radiation is highest. However, it may not be the most optimal aerosol injection strategy because the radiative forcing concentrating over the equator decreases the meridional temperature gradient. In this study we employ alternative aerosol injection scenarios to investigate if the resulting radiative forcing can be optimized to be zonally more uniform without decreasing the global efficacy. We used a global aerosol-climate model together with an Earth system model to study the radiative and climate effects of stratospheric sulfur injection scenarios with different injection areas. According to our simulations, varying the SO2 injection area seasonally would result in a similar global mean cooling effect as injecting SO2 to the equator, but with a more uniform zonal distribution of shortwave radiative forcing. Compared to the case of equatorial injections, in the optimized injection scenario where the maximum sulfur production from injected SO2 followed the maximum of solar radiation, the shortwave radiative forcing decreased by 27 % over the equator (between the latitudes between 20° N and 20° S) and increased by 15 % over higher latitudes. Compared to the continuous injections to equator, in summer months the radiative forcing was increased by 17 % and 14 % and winter months decreased by −14 % and −16 % at northern and southern hemispheres respectively. However, these forcings do not translate into very significant changes in temperatures. Based on ESM simulations, changes in forcing would lead only to 0.05 K warmer winters and 0.05 K cooler summers at the northern hemisphere which is roughly 3 % of the cooling resulted from solar radiation management scenarios studied here. At the same time the meridional temperature gradient was better maintained.
Toward improved parameterization of a macro-scale hydrologic model in a discontinuous permafrost boreal forest ecosystem
Authors: Endalamaw Abraham , Bolton W. Robert , Young-Robertson Jessica M. , Morton Don , Hinzman Laryy , Nijssen Bart
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Modeling hydrological processes in the Alaskan sub-arctic is challenging because of the extreme spatial heterogeneity in soil properties and vegetation communities. However, modeling and predicting hydrological processes is critical in this region due to its vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Coarse spatial resolution datasets used in land surface modeling poised a new challenge in simulating the spatially distributed and basin integrated processes since these datasets do not adequately represent the small-scale hydrologic, thermal and ecological heterogeneity. The goal of this study is to improve the prediction capacity of meso-scale to large-scale hydrological models by introducing a small-scale parameterization scheme, which better represents the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties and vegetation cover in the Alaskan sub-arctic. The small-scale parameterization schemes are derived from observations and fine resolution landscape modeling in the two contrasting sub-basins of the Caribou Poker Creek Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: one nearly permafrost-free (LowP) and one that is permafrost-dominated (HighP). The fine resolution landscape model used in the small-scale parameterization scheme is derived from the watershed topography. We found that observed soil thermal and hydraulic properties – including the distribution of permafrost and vegetation cover heterogeneity – are better represented in the fine resolution landscape model than the coarse resolution datasets. Parameters derived from coarse resolution dataset and from the fine resolution landscape model are implemented into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) meso-scale hydrological model to simulate runoff, evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture in the two sub-basins of the CPCRW. Simulated hydrographs based on the small-scale parameterization capture most of the peak and low flows with similar accuracy in both sub-basins compared to the parameterization based on coarse resolution dataset. On average, small-scale parameterization improves the total runoff simulation approximately by up to 50 % in the LowP sub-basin and 10 % in the HighP sub-basin from the large-scale parameterization. This study shows that the proposed small-scale landscape model can be used to improve the performance of meso-scale hydrological models in the Alaskan sub-arctic watersheds.
Erosive phenomena in the Kaulon archaeological site: origins and remedies
Authors: Barbaro Giuseppe , Siviglia Salvatore , Foti Giandomenico , Sicilia Carmelo Luca , Mandaglio Maria Clorinda , Frega Ferdinando , Puntorieri Pierfabrizio
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This paper analyses the erosive phenomena which affected the coast of Monasterace Marina, in the province of Reggio Calabria (Italy), where the Kaulon archaeological site is located on a dune and which extends along the coast for 1 km. The phenomena which began in the last 50 years have been reinforced in the new millennium. Recently, a storm that occurred in early December 2013 eroded much of the beach and caused destruction of parts of the dune, with sliding of some archaeological finds onto the beach below. Following this storm, the Provincial Administration of Reggio Calabria in January 2014 built a barrier. It was only a temporary intervention however. In fact, in early February 2014 another storm caused further damage to the beach and to the site. As a result of this, in 2015, the Calabria Basin Authority proposed a design solution which is part of the Master Plan of solutions to mitigate the risk of coastal erosion in Calabria. In this paper, all the possible causes of erosion are investigated through the analysis of different types of data: bathymetric, cartographic, geological, geomorphological, sedimentological, climatic and wave climatic. This analysis is carried out for different historical periods over the last 50 years. Also analysed were extreme sea storms, coastal and river sediment transport, land cover and average rainfall, in order to understand the erosive phenomena. Finally, the huge amount of data obtained in this study was used to analyse the project proposal for different solutions to the problem.
Evaluation of the Implementation of the Educational Inclusion of Junior High School Level in Central Java Constructs
Authors: Widiastuti Sri , Suwitri Sri , Warella Y. , Haryono .
Published: February 2017

Educational inclusion is one of education placing all of disability learners into regular class. This research aims to explore the implementation of educational inclusion of Junior High School level in Central Java province today and arranging the most effective model for this advantaging of education inclusion for disability learners of Junior High School level in Central Java province. This research uses qualitative method. The result is analyzed by qualitative analysis technique. This result shows that the implementation of educational inclusion of Junior High School level in Central Java hasn’t maximally, it because of various things, such as many district/ city haven’t implement district head regulation as the basic law of implementation of educational inclusion, in order many supporting components haven’t complied, such as curriculum for this learners, facility and infrastructure, the human resource supporting, etc. The development of educational inclusion of Junior High School level in Central Java is implemented by comply a lot of requirements of the implementation of organizing educational inclusion such as mentioning on regulation of Minister of National Education Number 70 in 2009 about educational inclusion, for example: there is a district head regulation as basic law, facility and infrastructure fulfilled, knowledge and teacher skill and so on. The conclusion states that the educational inclusion should be comply all of supporting factors so that the implementation is not only suitable with expectation, but also needing a commitment from all of parties.
Pour des recherches sociographiques sur la laïcité au Québec
Authors: Koussens David
Published: February 2017

N’ayant jamais fait l’objet d’une définition officielle, même dans les rares États ayant pourtant officiellement proclamé le principe aux fondements de leur organisation constitutionnelle, la laïcité n’a pas de contenu propre. Les significations qu’on lui attribue évoluent au gré des contextes historiques et des enjeux politiques. Ce faisant, la liberté conceptuelle qui en découle favorise la diffusion de représentations multiples – toutes légitimes – de ce qu’est la laïcité, ce qui contribuent à nourrir le débat scientifique. La polysémie inhérente au terme « laïcité » rappelle ainsi au chercheur le caractère dynamique de la réalité sociale qu’il a pour but d’analyser. S’inscrivant dans cette perspective, ce texte insiste sur l’importance des recherches sociographiques sur la laïcité, l’étude de ses trajectoires historiques, de ses fondements philosophiques, de ses ancrages juridiques et des débats sociaux qu’elle suscite s’avérant désormais indispensable à l’analyse compréhensive de l’objet « laïcité ».
Le travail obscur de la mémoire identitaire dans les débats nés d’une nouvelle diversité religieuse au Québec
Authors: Rousseau Louis
Published: February 2017

Cet article propose un essai de compréhension de l’espèce de violence avec laquelle une partie importante de l’opinion québécoise s’indigne contre la religion, la sienne propre, le catholicisme dont la trace vivante achève de disparaitre, et l’élargit en la transférant à la religion de l’Autre, l’islam plus visible d’une partie de l’immigration nouvelle. Il fait l’hypothèse que le cul-de-sac identitaire dont il part manifeste l’ambivalence d’un segment important de la majorité d’ascendance canadienne-française à l’égard de ce qui fut LA religion, SA religion. La recomposition néonationaliste de l’identité au cours du dernier demi-siècle gravite maintenant autour du vocable « Québécois », qui traduit à la fois la nouveauté de l’espace géopolitique primordial (sinon exclusif) et celle de la citoyenneté inclusive qui assigne un statut civique à tous ses habitants anciens et nouveaux. Ce vocable dissimule donc au moins deux marqueurs identitaires, qui ont été refoulés hors du discours public portant sur l’identité : l’ethnicité religieuse et l’appartenance au grand espace de l’Amérique française et canadienne. Le Québécois d’aujourd’hui passe à la trappe le Canadien français d’hier. Ce texte vise à clarifier les strates de la mémoire identitaire et son rôle obscur dans les débats actuels.
Politique de la culture et culture politique : Les enjeux démocratiques du débat sur la Charte des valeurs québécoises
Authors: Laxer Emily , Korteweg Anna C.
Published: February 2017

Cet article cherche à préciser la relation entre la politique et la culture dans le processus de construction de la nationalité dans les sociétés diversifiées. À partir d’une analyse approfondie des débats des principaux partis politiques autour de la Charte des valeurs québécoises (2013), nous jugeons que cette relation a deux dimensions principales. La première dimension – la « culture politique » – cerne le rôle des partis politiques dans la réarticulation de normes culturelles par le maniement de pratiques politiques établies. La deuxième dimension – la « politique de la culture » – souligne la capacité des partis politiques à générer de nouvelles significations culturelles alors qu’ils tentent d’obtenir ou de conserver le pouvoir politique. En distinguant ces deux dimensions dans le contexte de la Charte des valeurs québécoises, nous sommes plus à même de comprendre en quoi la culture nourrit, et est produite par, les conflits entre partis politiques au sujet de la nationalité, de la diversité et de l’appartenance.
Un esprit libre : entretien avec la sociologue Andrée Fortin
Authors: Bédard Pascale , Fortin Andrée
Published: February 2017

Par un après-midi de juillet 2016, la sociologue Andrée Fortin a accepté de me recevoir chez elle, dans le Vieux-Québec, pour m’accorder une entrevue. Professeure émérite du Département de sociologie de l’Université Laval, elle y a enseigné durant plus de 30 ans, sans jamais abandonner un parcours de recherche riche et diversifié, comme en témoigne la bibliographie de ses publications. Depuis sa retraite de l’enseignement, elle a poursuivi son travail de sociologue, publiantL’imaginaire de l’espace dans le cinéma québécoiset, tout dernièrement,Pratiques et discours de la contre-culture au Québec, coécrit avec le sociologue Jean-Philippe Warren. Andrée Fortin a également dirigé la revueRecherches sociographiquespendant de nombreuses années. L’entretien qui suit est porté par l’intention d’offrir à cet esprit libre l’occasion de retracer les cohérences et les lignes de force de son parcours sociologique.
A long-term epigenetic memory switch controls bacterial virulence bimodality
Authors: Ronin Irine , Katsowich Naama , Rosenshine Ilan , Balaban Nathalie Q
Published: February 2017

When pathogens enter the host, sensing of environmental cues activates the expression of virulence genes. Opposite transition of pathogens from activating to non-activating conditions is poorly understood. Interestingly, variability in the expression of virulence genes upon infection enhances colonization. In order to systematically detect the role of phenotypic variability in enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), an important human pathogen, both in virulence activating and non-activating conditions, we employed the ScanLag methodology. The analysis revealed a bimodal growth rate. Mathematical modeling combined with experimental analysis showed that this bimodality is mediated by a hysteretic memory-switch that results in the stable co-existence of non-virulent and hyper-virulent subpopulations, even after many generations of growth in non-activating conditions. We identified the per operon as the key component of the hysteretic switch. This unique hysteretic memory switch may result in persistent infection and enhanced host-to-host spreading.
Evolutionary and functional implications of hypervariable loci within the skin virome
Authors: Hannigan Geoffrey D. , Zheng Qi , Meisel Jacquelyn S. , Minot Samuel S. , Bushman Frederick D. , Grice Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2017

Localized genomic variability is crucial for the ongoing conflicts between infectious microbes and their hosts. An understanding of evolutionary and adaptive patterns associated with genomic variability will help guide development of vaccines and antimicrobial agents. While most analyses of the human microbiome have focused on taxonomic classification and gene annotation, we investigated genomic variation of skin-associated viral communities. We evaluated patterns of viral genomic variation across 16 healthy human volunteers. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Staphylococcus phages contained 106 and 465 regions of diversification, or hypervariable loci, respectively. Propionibacterium phage genomes were minimally divergent and contained no hypervariable loci. Genes containing hypervariable loci were involved in functions including host tropism and immune evasion. HPV and Staphylococcus phage hypervariable loci were associated with purifying selection. Amino acid substitution patterns were virus dependent, as were predictions of their phenotypic effects. We identified diversity generating retroelements as one likely mechanism driving hypervariability. We validated these findings in an independently collected skin metagenomic sequence dataset, suggesting that these features of skin virome genomic variability are widespread. Our results highlight the genomic variation landscape of the skin virome and provide a foundation for better understanding community viral evolution and the functional implications of genomic diversification of skin viruses.
Large-scale gene flow in the barnacleJehlius cirratusand contrasts with other broadly-distributed taxa along the Chilean coast
Authors: Guo Baoying , Wares John P.
Published: February 2017

We evaluate the population genetic structure of the intertidal barnacleJehlius cirratusacross a broad portion of its geographic distribution using data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene region. Despite sampling diversity from over 3,000 km of the linear range of this species, there is only slight regional structure indicated, with overall ΦCTof 0.036 (p < 0.001) yet no support for isolation by distance. While these results suggest greater structure than previous studies ofJ. cirratushad indicated, the pattern of diversity is still far more subtle than in other similarly-distributed species with similar larval and life history traits. We compare these data and results with recent findings in four other intertidal species that have planktotrophic larvae. There are no clear patterns among these taxa that can be associated with intertidal depth or other known life history traits.
Osteoclast precursors do not express CD68: results from CD68 promoter‐driven RANK transgenic mice
Authors: Jackson Melissa F. , Scatena Marta , Giachelli Cecilia M.
Published: February 2017

Macrophages and osteoclasts are thought to derive from CD68 lineage marker‐positive common myeloid precursors. We used the CD68 promoter to drive an inducible receptor activator of NF‐κB (iRANK) construct that selectively activates RANK signaling in myeloid cells in vivo. The cytoplasmic portion of RANK was fused to a mutant FK506 binding domain, which selectively binds the chemical inducer of dimerization AP20187 and initiates signaling. iRANK mRNA was expressed in macrophages isolated from peritoneal cavity, spleen‐, and bone marrow‐derived myeloid cells. Unexpectedly, AP20187 did not induce osteoclast formation in spleen‐ and bone marrow‐derived myeloid cells. However, AP20187‐dependent RANK signaling induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and mRNA expression of MMP9 and CathepsinK in peritoneal macrophages. Importantly, CD68 was not expressed until day 3 and day 5 in bone marrow and spleen myeloid cells, respectively. Contrary to dogma, osteoclast precursors do not express the lineage marker CD68.
Enhanced dependency of KRAS‐mutant colorectal cancer cells on RAD51‐dependent homologous recombination repair identified from genetic interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kalimutho Murugan , Bain Amanda L. , Mukherjee Bipasha , Nag Purba , Nanayakkara Devathri M. , Harten Sarah K. , Harris Janelle L. , Subramanian Goutham N. , Sinha Debottam , Shirasawa Senji , Srihari Sriganesh , Burma Sandeep , Khanna Kum Kum
Published: February 2017

Activating KRAS mutations drive colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and influence response to anti‐EGFR‐targeted therapy. Despite recent advances in understanding Ras signaling biology and the revolution in therapies for melanoma using BRAF inhibitors, no targeted agents have been effective in KRAS‐mutant cancers, mainly due to activation of compensatory pathways. Here, by leveraging the largest synthetic lethal genetic interactome in yeast, we identify that KRAS‐mutated colorectal cancer cells have augmented homologous recombination repair (HRR) signaling. We found that KRAS mutation resulted in slowing and stalling of the replication fork and accumulation of DNA damage. Moreover, we found that KRAS‐mutant HCT116 cells have an increase in MYC‐mediated RAD51 expression with a corresponding increase in RAD51 recruitment to irradiation‐induced DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) compared to genetically complemented isogenic cells. MYC depletion using RNA interference significantly reduced IR‐induced RAD51 foci formation and HRR. On the contrary, overexpression of either HA‐tagged wild‐type (WT) MYC or phospho‐mutant S62A increased RAD51 protein levels and hence IR‐induced RAD51 foci. Likewise, depletion of RAD51 selectively induced apoptosis in HCT116‐mutant cells by increasing DSBs. Pharmacological inhibition targeting HRR signaling combined with PARP inhibition selectivity killed KRAS‐mutant cells. Interestingly, these differences were not seen in a second isogenic pair of KRAS WT and mutant cells (DLD‐1), likely due to their nondependency on the KRAS mutation for survival. Our data thus highlight a possible mechanism by which KRAS‐mutant‐dependent cells drive HRR in vitro by upregulating MYC‐RAD51 expression. These data may offer a promising therapeutic vulnerability in colorectal cancer cells harboring otherwise nondruggable KRAS mutations, which warrants further investigation in vivo.
Cellulose Nanocrystal Inks for 3D Printing of Textured Cellular Architectures
Authors: Siqueira Gilberto , Kokkinis Dimitri , Libanori Rafael , Hausmann Michael K. , Gladman Amelia Sydney , Neels Antonia , Tingaut Philippe , Zimmermann Tanja , Lewis Jennifer A. , Studart André R.
Published: February 2017

3D printing of renewable building blocks like cellulose nanocrystals offers an attractive pathway for fabricating sustainable structures. Here, viscoelastic inks composed of anisotropic cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) that enable patterning of 3D objects by direct ink writing are designed and formulated. These concentrated inks are composed of CNC particles suspended in either water or a photopolymerizable monomer solution. The shear‐induced alignment of these anisotropic building blocks during printing is quantified by atomic force microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and 2D wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements. Akin to the microreinforcing effect in plant cell walls, the alignment of CNC particles during direct writing yields textured composites with enhanced stiffness along the printing direction. The observations serve as an important step forward toward the development of sustainable materials for 3D printing of cellular architectures with tailored mechanical properties.
Optically Sintered 2D RuO2 Nanosheets: Temperature‐Controlled NO2 Reaction
Authors: Choi Seon‐Jin , Jang Ji‐Soo , Park Hee Jung , Kim Il‐Doo
Published: February 2017

2D Ru oxide nanosheets (NSs) with optically punched nanoholes are synthesized and integrated on a flexible heating substrate, i.e., silver nanowire (Ag NW)‐embedded colorless polyimide (cPI) film, for application in wearable chemical sensors. Multiple discrete pores on the sub‐5‐nm scale are formed on the basal planes of Ru oxide NSs by irradiation of intense pulsed light. The chemical sensing characteristic of the porous Ru oxide NSs toward nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is investigated under controlled temperatures by applying DC voltage to the Ag NW‐embedded cPI film. The improved NO2 responding and recovery kinetics are achieved using the porous Ru oxide NSs with sensitivity of 1.124% at 20 ppm at a film temperature of 80.3 °C. A wireless patch‐type sensor module is developed to demonstrate wearable sensing of NO2 using the Ru oxide NSs on Ag NW‐embedded cPI heating film. This work paved the new way for application of atomically thin and porous Ru oxide NSs in chemical sensors, which can detect hazardous species in real time.
Intricate Hollow Structures: Controlled Synthesis and Applications in Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Zhou Liang , Zhuang Zechao , Zhao Huihui , Lin Mengting , Zhao Dongyuan , Mai Liqiang
Published: February 2017

Intricate hollow structures garner tremendous interest due to their aesthetic beauty, unique structural features, fascinating physicochemical properties, and widespread applications. Here, the recent advances in the controlled synthesis are discussed, as well as applications of intricate hollow structures with regard to energy storage and conversion. The synthetic strategies toward complex multishelled hollow structures are classified into six categories, including well‐established hard‐ and soft‐templating methods, as well as newly emerging approaches based on selective etching of “soft@hard” particles, Ostwald ripening, ion exchange, and thermally induced mass relocation. Strategies for constructing structures beyond multishelled hollow structures, such as bubble‐within‐bubble, tube‐in‐tube, and wire‐in‐tube structures, are also covered. Niche applications of intricate hollow structures in lithium‐ion batteries, Li–S batteries, supercapacitors, Li–O2 batteries, dye‐sensitized solar cells, photocatalysis, and fuel cells are discussed in detail. Some perspectives on the future research and development of intricate hollow structures are also provided.
Bifunctional Amine‐Squaramide Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Based on ortho‐Quinone Methides in Oil‐Water Phases: Enantioselective Synthesis of Triarylmethanes
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Zhang Cheng , Wang Haojiang , Jiang Yidong , Du Xiaohua , Xu Danqian
Published: February 2017

An efficient enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of electron‐rich β‐naphthol with in situ generated ortho‐quinone methides catalyzed by chiral bifunctional amine‐squaramide catalysts has been developed. The chiral triarylmethane derivatives were obtained in good to high yields (up to 97% yield) with high enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee) for most substrates under mild conditions. This study also revealed that the oil‐water biphase could significantly improve the efficiency of this catalytic system.

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Clinical Performance Feedback to Paramedics: What They Receive and What They Need
Authors: Morrison Laura , Cassidy Louise , Welsford Michelle , Chan Teresa M.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

Performance feedback is not always well utilized in healthcare. To more effectively incorporate it, we used a discussion of current feedback systems to explore paramedics’ perceived needs regarding feedback and to understand what feedback would improve their performance as healthcare providers.

Methods

We used a qualitative methodology with semistructured interviews of paramedics to explore perceptions and desires for feedback. Interpretive descriptive analysis was performed with continuous recruitment until thematic saturation was achieved. Themes were identified and a coding system was developed by two investigators separately and merged by consensus. The analysis was audited by a third investigator, and a member check was performed.

Results

Many different ideas were discussed that were analyzed to develop several major recurrent themes. One such theme was positive perception of feedback by paramedics. Despite the positive perceptions discussed, the shortcomings of current systems were also frequently discussed as were perceived barriers to receiving meaningful feedback. The idea of following up on patients’ courses/outcomes also arose frequently during the interviews. In addition, feedback and its interaction with mental health emerged as a theme in terms of its potential for both positive and negative impact. Finally, suggestions about the future were also common with paramedics providing thoughts regarding what future systems could be developed or what changes could be made to provide them with meaningful feedback.

Conclusions

Our findings show how paramedics perceive feedback, but still note how barriers may impair its uptake and how it may affect their mental health. Our participants also made recommendations about what they would want to see in future feedback systems. This information can provide the foundation to improve current feedback systems or structure new ones to allow paramedics to continue to develop themselves as healthcare professionals.