bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretable recurrent neural network models for dynamic prediction of the extubation failure risk in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit
Authors: Zeng Zhixuan , Tang Xianming , Liu Yang , He Zhengkun , Gong Xun
Published: September 2022

Background

Clinical decision of extubation is a challenge in the treatment of patient with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), since existing extubation protocols are not capable of precisely predicting extubation failure (EF). This study aims to develop and validate interpretable recurrent neural network (RNN) models for dynamically predicting EF risk.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on IMV patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Time series with a 4-h resolution were built for all included patients. Two types of RNN models, the long short-term memory (LSTM) and the gated recurrent unit (GRU), were developed. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to select key features for developing light-version RNN models. The RNN models were compared to other five non-temporal machine learning models. The Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) value was applied to explain the influence of the features on model prediction.

Results

Of 8,599 included patients, 2,609 had EF (30.3%). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of LSTM and GRU showed no statistical difference on the test set (0.828 vs. 0.829). The light-version RNN models based on the 26 features selected out of a total of 89 features showed comparable performance as their corresponding full-version models. Among the non-temporal models, only the random forest (RF) (AUROC: 0.820) and the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model (AUROC: 0.823) were comparable to the RNN models, but their calibration was deviated.

Conclusions

The RNN models have excellent predictive performance for predicting EF risk and have potential to become real-time assistant decision-making systems for extubation.
Widespread false gene gains caused by duplication errors in genome assemblies
Authors: Ko Byung June , Lee Chul , Kim Juwan , Rhie Arang , Yoo Dong Ahn , Howe Kerstin , Wood Jonathan , Cho Seoae , Brown Samara , Formenti Giulio , Jarvis Erich D. , Kim Heebal
Published: September 2022

Background

False duplications in genome assemblies lead to false biological conclusions. We quantified false duplications in popularly used previous genome assemblies for platypus, zebra finch, and Anna’s Hummingbird, and their new counterparts of the same species generated by the Vertebrate Genomes Project, of which the Vertebrate Genomes Project pipeline attempted to eliminate false duplications through haplotype phasing and purging. These assemblies are among the first generated by the Vertebrate Genomes Project where there was a prior chromosomal level reference assembly to compare with.

Results

Whole genome alignments revealed that 4 to 16% of the sequences are falsely duplicated in the previous assemblies, impacting hundreds to thousands of genes. These lead to overestimated gene family expansions. The main source of the false duplications is heterotype duplications, where the haplotype sequences were relatively more divergent than other parts of the genome leading the assembly algorithms to classify them as separate genes or genomic regions. A minor source is sequencing errors. Ancient ATP nucleotide binding gene families have a higher prevalence of false duplications compared to other gene families. Although present in a smaller proportion, we observe false duplications remaining in the Vertebrate Genomes Project assemblies that can be identified and purged.

Conclusions

This study highlights the need for more advanced assembly methods that better separate haplotypes and sequence errors, and the need for cautious analyses on gene gains.
Irish farmers’ interactions with regional veterinary laboratories- reasons, results, reactions: a survey
Authors: Kennedy Aideen , Hogan Ian , Froehlich Rebecca , McGettrick Shane , Sánchez-Miguel Cosme , Casey Micheál , Sheehan Maresa
Published: September 2022

Background

Animal health surveillance is important in ensuring optimal animal health and welfare. Monitoring of diagnostic submissions, including post-mortem examination of carcasses, at the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine laboratories, provides the basis for this type of passive surveillance in Ireland. The process requires engagement from veterinarians and farmers from all sectors of the agricultural spectrum. This study aims to identify the reasons why farmers engaged in dairy, beef, sheep, and mixed farming enterprises submit carcasses or not to the Regional Veterinary Laboratories.

Results

Surveys were distributed in hard copy format at Regional Veterinary Laboratories, and fifty Teagasc facilitated farmer discussion groups. There were 1179 responses collected in 54 locations. The top reasons participants submitted to the laboratories were 1) to guide treatment/ vaccination, 2) fear of a contagious disease, and 3) if their veterinarian advised them to. The top reasons for not submitting were 1) the vet making a diagnosis on the farm, 2) the distance from the laboratory, and 3) lack of time and labour. Implementation of vaccination protocols was the main change implemented based on results, followed by management changes and the use of different treatments, e.g., switching from antibiotic to parasite treatment. Sheep enterprises were more likely than dairy to choose distance and cost as a reason not to submit. Dairying enterprises were more likely than other enterprise types to submit if they feared a contagious or zoonotic disease.

Conclusion

Positively, this survey shows the desire of participants to submit to the laboratories to guide treatment and vaccination protocols, potentially indicating that positive engagement between stakeholders and the RVLs will help promote optimal animal health and promote responsible antimicrobial use. Results also show the critical role of veterinarians in continued disease surveillance on farms. Maintaining engagement with all farming sectors will be essential in promoting successful animal health surveillance.
Assessment of long-term climate variability and its impact on the decadal growth of horticultural crops in central India
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Sharma Amita , Sinha Nishant Kumar , Sharma Om Prakash , Singh Ashutosh , Pandey Ajai Kumar , Kumar Abhishek , Trivedi Sudhir Kumar , Sao Bharti , Sahu Mukesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background

The impact of climate change on horticultural production is of utmost concern worldwide. One such vulnerable region of horticultural importance is the Madhya Pradesh state in the central part of India. It is crucial to analyse the long-term trend in climatic variations and its effect on horticultural crop production. Therefore, this study focuses on detecting trends in mean annual precipitation and temperature of 115 years for the 15 districts covering all the regions of the state as well as projections of all the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climatic scenarios for 2050 and 2080 of Madhya Pradesh state. The decadal (2010–2020) insight into the area and production of horticultural crops is undertaken which will help forecasting the future growth trend. For a better insight, case study on four horticultural crops is undertaken to assess their decadal growth trend vis-à-vis climate parameters in these 15 districts.

Results

The Mann–Kendall test for 1901–2016 and Sen’s slope indicated a non-significant change in long-term trend for precipitation except for increasing change in Khargone and decreasing change in Rewa districts. Significant increasing trend of average temperature is obtained for Hoshangabad, Jabalpur, Sagar and Rewa districts. The Sen’s slope indicated an increase of 0.005 to 0.009 °C for maximum temperature and 0.005 to 0.012 °C for minimum temperature annually. The projections of all the RCP climate scenarios for the years 2050 and 2080 indicated non-significant variation in precipitation but an increase in maximum (1.4 to 4.1 °C) and minimum (1.45 to 4.65 °C) annual temperatures. An increasing trend in area and production for horticultural crops is also observed in central India for the study period. There is yield increase in all the crops selected in case study except for potato, which recorded a decreased yield between the years 2010–2015.

Conclusion

The Mann–Kendall test and projections indicate towards climate change with a temperature rise. Though the decadal study indicates an increasing trend in horticultural crops, the districts identified to be affected by climate change need to have a plan to lessen the horticultural loss in the state. This study contributes to understanding the future climate change trends and its impact on horticultural crop production to formulate various adaptation strategies.
Disease-free survival landmark analysis: a potential critical endpoint in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zheng Fangchao , Wei Tong , Wang Xue , Du Feng , Yue Jian , Yuan Peng
Published: September 2022

Taxanes plus carboplatin (TP) regimen may be an acceptable alternative adjuvant chemotherapy strategy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, the difference with the anthracycline-based regimen is yet to be clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the difference between platinum-based and anthracycline-based regimens in prolonging the survival time in TNBC. Using exploratory landmark analysis, we found that the platinum-based TP regimen offers a longer disease-free survival (DFS) than the anthracycline-based regimen in TNBC patients with a DFS of > 4 years.
Granisetron-mediated augmentation of sertraline therapeutic effect in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ghobadian Ala , Mokhtari Saba , Shariati Behnam , Kamalzadeh Leila , Shati Mohsen , Eftekhar Ardebili Mehrdad , Yarahmadi Masoomeh , Shalbafan Mohammadreza
Published: September 2022

Background

Medications currently recommended for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) usually relieve the severity of symptoms by as much as 20–30%, and satisfactory treatment is obtained in 40–60% of patients with OCD. Nevertheless, the remaining symptoms continue to impair the patients’ function. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate possible strategies to improve the mitigation of symptoms. In this study, the main objective was to examine and investigate the effectiveness of granisetron, which is a serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor type 3 (5-HT3) antagonist, as an adjunct therapy to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, for the purpose of ameliorating OCD symptoms.

Methods

fifty-eight patients diagnosed with OCD, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria, who had a Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) score of more than 21 were recruited in a double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of 10 weeks to receive either granisetron (1 mg twice daily) and sertraline (100 mg daily initially followed by 200 mg daily after week 4) or placebo and sertraline. The primary outcome was OCD symptoms measured by the Y-BOCS.

Results

Y-BOCS total score significantly dropped in both groups (28.9 to 17.7 for granisetron plus sertraline and 27.5 to 19.3 for placebo plus sertraline group with a slightly greater drop for granisetron plus sertraline group), while the granisetron plus sertraline group experienced a significantly greater reduction in obsession scores (Greenhouse-Geisser F(2.32,97.57) = 4.52,p-value = 0.01). Moreover, in comparison with the placebo plus sertraline group, the proportion of the patients showing complete response was considerably higher among the granisetron plus sertraline group (P-value < 0.01). No major adverse effects were observed in any of the groups.

Conclusion

The results suggest that granisetron augmentation of sertraline may increase the rate of response in patients with moderate to severe non-refractory OCD. Further studies are suggested in this regard.
Automated corrosion detection in Oddy test coupons using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Long Emily R. , Bone Alayna , Breitung Eric M. , Thickett David , Grau-Bové Josep
Published: September 2022

The Oddy test is an accelerated ageing test used to determine whether a material is appropriate for the storage, transport, or display of museum objects. The levels of corrosion seen on coupons of silver, copper, and lead indicate the material’s safety for use. Although the Oddy test is conducted in heritage institutions around the world, it is often critiqued for a lack of repeatability. Determining the level of corrosion is a manual and subjective process, in which outcomes are affected by differences in individuals’ perceptions and practices. This paper proposes that a more objective evaluation can be obtained by utilising a convolutional neural network (CNN) to locate the metal coupons and classify their corrosion levels. Images provided by the Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met) were labelled for object detection and used to train a CNN. The CNN correctly identified the metal type and corrosion level of 98% of the coupons in a test set of the Met’s images. Images were also collected from the American Institute for Conservation’s Oddy test wiki page. These images suffered from low image quality and were missing the classification information needed to train the CNN. Experts from cultural heritage institutions evaluated the coupons in the images, but there was a high level of disagreement between expert classifications. Therefore, these images were not used to train the CNN. However, the images proved useful in testing the limitations of the CNN trained on the Met’s data when applied to images of coupons from different Oddy test protocols and photo documentation procedures. This paper presents the effectiveness of the CNN trained on the Met’s data to classify Met and non-Met Oddy test coupons. Finally, this paper proposes the next steps needed to produce a universal CNN-based classification tool.

Graphic Abstract
Association between COVID-19 testing uptake and mental disorders among adults in US post-secondary education, 2020–2021
Authors: Zhai Yusen , Du Xue
Published: September 2022

Fear and uncertainty have worsened mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 testing is essential yet underutilised, and many people may experience difficulties accessing testing if the US federal government fails to sustain the testing capacity. To date, limited evidence exists about the role of COVID-19 testing in mental health. We examined the associations of COVID-19 testing uptake with certain mental disorders, through a nationally representative cohort of adults in US post-secondary education (N = 65 360). Adults with test-confirmed COVID-19 were at significantly lower risk than those with unconfirmed COVID-19 for severe depression, severe anxiety, eating disorders, and suicidal ideation. Findings suggest another potential benefit of public health efforts to encourage COVID-19 testing, namely promoting mental health.
Dissipative cooling towards phantom Bethe states in boundary-driven XXZ spin chain
Authors: Popkov Vladislav , Salerno Mario
Published: September 2022

A dissipative method that allows to access the family of phantom Bethe states (PBS) of boundary-driven XXZ spin chains is introduced. The method consists in coupling the ends of the open spin chain to suitable dissipative magnetic baths to force the edge spins to satisfy specific boundary conditions necessary for the PBS existence. Cumulative monotonous depopulation of the non-chiral components of the density matrix with growing dissipation amplitude is analogous to the depopulation of high-energy states in response to thermal cooling. Compared to generic states, PBS have strong chirality, non-trivial topology and carry high spin currents.
On the Inconvenience of Other People
Authors: Berlant Lauren
Published: September 2022

In On the Inconvenience of Other People Lauren Berlant continues to explore our affective engagement with the world. Berlant focuses on the encounter with and the desire for the bother of other people and objects, showing that to be driven toward attachment is to desire to be inconvenienced. Drawing on a range of sources, including Last Tango in Paris, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Claudia Rankine, Christopher Isherwood, Bhanu Kapil, the Occupy movement, and resistance to anti-Black state violence, Berlant poses inconvenience as an affective relation and considers how we might loosen our attachments in ways that allow us to build new forms of life. Collecting strategies for breaking apart a world in need of disturbing, the book’s experiments in thought and writing cement Berlant’s status as one of the most inventive and influential thinkers of our time.
Morphometric study of acetabular depth and coverage and their clinical importance
Authors: Khaliq Saneed , Qamar Aisha , Khokhar Samia Khalid , Naseer Hammal
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To measure acetabular parameters and to compare parameters of acetabulum between men and women, and right and left sides.

Methods: The study was conducted in PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi from January to June 2021. Anteroposterior radiographs of both hips of 70 adults aged 20-70 years were included. The study consisted of 35 men and an equal number of women. We measured acetabular depth, femoral head coverage, acetabular inclination and acetabular depth and width. The acetabular depth was measured using Wiberg’s central edge (CE) angle and Sharp angle techniques. Femoral head coverage was determined using measurements between medial edge of hip joint space, lateral edge of acetabulum and femoral head. To determine acetabular inclination, Tönnis angle was measured. Acetabular depth & width ratio (ADR) was evaluated by dividing acetabular width by depth, and multiplying by 100.

Results: There was significant increase in Sharp angle and Tonnis angle in females on the left side as compared to males. Wiberg’s central edge angle and acetabular width to depth ratio showed insignificant increase in males as compared to females, whereas values of femoral head coverage were insignificantly more in women.

Conclusion: The acetabular parameters were insignificantly different in gender and between right and left sides, although mean values were within normal range. The larger ADR ratio in men was most likely due to increased body weight in them as compared to women.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5915

How to cite this:Khaliq S, Qamar A, Khokhar SK, Naseer H. Morphometric study of acetabular depth and coverage and their clinical importance. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5915

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Design And Development of a Remote Monitoring Agent For Energy Service Companies In The Telecommunication Industry
Authors: Oluwaleye Sunkanmi , Idachaba Francis
Published: September 2022

Background: Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) for telecommunication sites operate by providing reliable power supply at 100% uptime and billing the mobile operators accommodated on their sites for power usage. To achieve this, there is a need for them to accurately meter the power consumed by connected telecommunication equipment.

Method: This work focused on the design and implementation of a remote monitoring agent (RMA) that will pool both power and environmental data from a telecommunication site. The data pool can be presented as real-time data on the RMA’s webpage, it can be downloaded as historical data, and it can be sent to a remote cloud server at regular intervals. The RMA collects both power and environmental data over an RS485 Modbus network and I2C bus respectively. An alternating current (AC) energy meter and a direct current (DC) energy meter were used to harvest the energy data while the environmental data were harvested using a developed Input/Output controller board based on an Atmega328P microcontroller. Raspberry pi was used as the master controller and Node.js was used to build the application running on the master controller. 

Result: The result showed how both power and environmental data can be harvested from a telecommunication site and locally presented on the web dashboard for real-time monitoring of the site power system. The data could be saved locally on the RMA and downloaded for future use.

Conclusion: The implementation of this work provided a prototype of the remote monitoring agent (RMA) that can be deployed by Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) in the telecommunication industry to monitor the usage of the power systems on a cell site.
Vaccine Hesitancy in Japan: From a Perspective on Medical Uncertainty and Trans-Scientific Theory
Authors: Hosoda Miwako
Published: September 2022

The development and dissemination of vaccines has made immunization possible and has led to the successful control and eradication of various infectious diseases in many parts of the world. However, even when vaccines that are said to be "effective" are offered, a certain number of people do not receive them, and this has become a problem known as "vaccine hesitancy”. Why is vaccine hesitancy a problem? It has been pointed out that the reason is not only because of the risk of contracting infectious diseases if they are not vaccinated, but also because of the lack of a collective immunity system. Vaccines are an effective means of acquiring immunity, but no matter how highly effective vaccines are developed, if the vaccination rate does not exceed a certain number, herd immunity cannot be acquired. Therefore, it is said that how to increase the vaccination rate of the population is a major public health challenge. Hence, the large number of people who do not receive vaccinations due to "vaccine hesitancy" is problematic. This paper reviews previous studies on "vaccine hesitancy" in Japan and analyzes people's hesitancy in terms of negative "rumors" about vaccines, risk perception of vaccine side effects, and sense of burden when receiving vaccinations. Then, I will examine that the background of "vaccine hesitancy" is not only distrust of vaccines and risk perception of side effects, but also distrust of those who provide and promote vaccinations, such as medical professionals, government, and public administration. By using medical uncertainty and trans-scientific theory, this paper argues that the problem of "vaccine hesitancy" can be reduced if medical professionals and governments show sincere empathy and attitude toward victims of adverse vaccine reactions and those who hesitate to vaccinate.
Hair greying in castrated mice
Authors: Matsumoto Aoi , Kawabe Junko , Kawakami Natsumi , Node Koichi , Akashi Makoto
Published: September 2022

Depigmentation of hair shafts is a hallmark of human aging. However, it remains unclear how aging causes human hair to grey. Here, we found that a single session of hair plucking via waxing causes hair to grey in castrated mice. Moreover, this hair greying continued for several hair cycles. Given that androgen secretion decreases with age in both male and female humans, the present result suggests that this decrease may contribute to age-related hair greying. In addition, our experimental procedure may represent an effective way to generate a new mouse model of hair greying without the need for genetic engineering.
When educators are locked down: transitioning an international faculty development program from in-person to online during the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Lio Jonathan , Fromme H. Barrett , Dong Hongmei , Jiang Ivy , Sherer Renslow
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced international faculty development programs in medical education to forgo in-person activities and transition to online learning. We sought to examine changes in Chinese medical educators’ evaluations of our faculty development program as it transitioned from in-person intensive to online longitudinal due to the pandemic.

Methods: A 30-item program evaluation and self-assessment of curriculum development and teaching skills was sent to our 2020 cohort. Results were compared to our 2019 cohort. We analyzed data using t-tests to compare means and chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: We found that trainees in both cohorts rated the program highly with regard to overall program quality and self-assessed learning outcomes. Comparison of cohorts also showed similar growth in pre- and post-training assessment. However, the 2020 cohort rated their relationships with instructors and peers less strongly than the 2019 cohort.

Conclusions: Despite the rapid transition to online learning due to social distancing measures, trainees were as confident in the skills they learned as the prior in-person participants. Time zone differences placed additional restrictions on the implementation of the training program, which affected the amount of face-to-face interaction time available.
What’s Wrong with the Policy of Releasing Patient Medical Information at Regional Public Hospital X
Authors: Savitri Dimas Aulia , Suryoputro Antono , Agushybana Farid , Nyam Gunchmaa
Published: September 2022

Background: The release of medical information to third parties is the responsibility of the health facility to protect the health information contained in it from being damaged, lost, falsified data, and illegal access. Therefore, health facilities must have policies that regulate the system for releasing patient medical information to third parties. This study aims to analyze the policy of the patient's medical information release system in RSUD X. Method: This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, through in-depth interviews and observation techniques. The informants in this study amounted to 12 people, namely the leadership of the hospital, the manager of medical services, the head of the medical record section, and the DPJP. Results: The results of this study indicate that RSUD X already has a policy regarding the system of releasing medical information to third parties but the release activities in the field it is not following the policy. This is because communication such as socialization from the leadership is still lacking so policy actors still do not know about the policy. The leadership has also never carried out monitoring and evaluation related to the release activity so the leadership does not know that other factors cause the policy not to work. Conclusion: The release of medical information to third parties already has a policy set out in the sop, but in its implementation, it is not following the existing sop due to the lack of socialization related to the sop to the discharge officers, the absence of monitoring and evaluation of the discharge activities that have been running at RSUD X. Also, the social attitudes of the community that are considered to have the most influence on the activities of releasing patient medical information in RSUD X.
3D super-resolution live-cell imaging with radial symmetry and Fourier light-field microscopy
Authors: Han Keyi , Hua Xuanwen , Vasani Vishwa , Kim Ge-Ah R. , Liu Wenhao , Takayama Shuichi , Jia Shu
Published: September 2022

Live-cell imaging reveals the phenotypes and mechanisms of cellular function and their dysfunction that underscore cell physiology, development, and pathology. Here, we report a 3D super-resolution live-cell microscopy method by integrating radiality analysis and Fourier light-field microscopy (rad-FLFM). We demonstrated the method using various live-cell specimens, including actins in Hela cells, microtubules in mammary organoid cells, and peroxisomes in COS-7 cells. Compared with conventional wide-field microscopy, rad-FLFM realizes scanning-free, volumetric 3D live-cell imaging with sub-diffraction-limited resolution of ∼150 nm (x-y) and 300 nm (z), milliseconds volume acquisition time, six-fold extended depth of focus of ∼6 µm, and low photodamage. The method provides a promising avenue to explore spatiotemporal-challenging subcellular processes in a wide range of cell biological research.
Spectral switch anomalies in a Sagnac interferometer with respect to a Galilean frame
Authors: Sadhukhan Shouvik , Sadhukhan Saikat , Brundavanam Maruthi M. , Narayanamurthy C. S.
Published: September 2022

We report the spectral switch shift around spectral anomalies in a gyroscopic Sagnac interferometer, which is normally used to calibrate the angular momentum of a gyroscope. The spectral shift in the rotating gyroscope is explained with respect to the longitudinal Doppler shift of the counterpropagating beams in the Sagnac interferometer.
Fourier ptychographic microscopy with untrained deep neural network priors
Authors: Chen Quan , Huang Duolan , Chen Rui
Published: September 2022

We propose a physics-assisted deep neural network scheme in Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) using untrained deep neural network priors (FPMUP) to achieve a high-resolution image reconstruction from multiple low-resolution images. Unlike the traditional training type of deep neural network that requires a large labelled dataset, this proposed scheme does not require training and instead outputs the high-resolution image by optimizing the parameters of neural networks to fit the experimentally measured low-resolution images. Besides the amplitude and phase of the sample function, another two parallel neural networks that generate the general pupil function and illumination intensity factors are incorporated into the carefully designed neural networks, which effectively improves the image quality and robustness when both the aberration and illumination intensity fluctuation are present in FPM. Reconstructions using simulated and experimental datasets are demonstrated, showing that the FPMUP scheme has better image quality than the traditional iterative algorithms, especially for the phase recovery, but at the expense of increasing computational cost. Most importantly, it is found that the FPMUP scheme can predict the Fourier spectrum of the sample outside synthetic aperture of FPM and thus eliminate the ringing effect of the recovered images due to the spectral truncation. Inspired by deep image prior in the field of image processing, we may impute the expansion of Fourier spectrums to the deep prior rooted in the architecture of the careful designed four parallel deep neural networks. We envisage that the resolution of FPM will be further enhanced if the Fourier spectrum of the sample outside the synthetic aperture of FPM is accurately predicted.
Ultralong waveguide grating antenna enabled by evanescent field modulation
Authors: Yao Weiming , Huang Zhengquan , Chen Jiaxin , Li Wanxin , Yu Lin , Zou Yi , Zhao Xiangjie , Duan Jiazhu , Yao Yong , Xu Xiaochuan
Published: September 2022

Waveguide grating antenna (WGA) is a key component for an on-chip optical phased array. In order to form a beam with a small divergence angle, WGAs of several millimeters in length are highly desired. However, in high-index-contrast platforms such as silicon-on-insulator (SOI), such long WGAs typically require weakly modulated gratings with critical feature sizes below 10 nm. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, strategy to implement long WGAs. Instead of directly modulating a waveguide, we propose periodically modulating the evanescent field with subwavelength blocks. With this arrangement, weak grating strength can be achieved while maintaining a minimum feature size as large as 100 nm. For proof-of-concept, we experimentally demonstrate a 1-mm-long, single-etched WGA on a conventional 220 nm SOI platform, which achieves a far-field divergence angle of 0.095° and a wavelength scanning sensitivity of 0.168°/nm.
Miniaturized 7-in-1 fiber-optic Raman probe
Authors: Zhang Bohong , Gerald Rex E. , Huang Jie
Published: September 2022

This Letter reports a miniature 7-in-1 fiber-optic Raman probe that eliminates the inelastic background Raman signal from a long-fused silica fiber. Its foremost purpose is to enhance a method for investigating extraordinarily tiny substances and effectively capturing Raman inelastic backscattered signals using optical fibers. We successfully used our home-built fiber taper device to combine seven multimode fibers into a single fiber taper with a probe diameter of approximately 35 µm. By experimentally comparing the traditional bare fiber-based Raman spectroscopy system with the miniaturized tapered fiber-optic Raman sensor using liquid solutions, the novel probe’s capability is demonstrated. We observed that the miniaturized probe effectively removed the Raman background signal originating from the optical fiber and confirmed expected outcomes for a series of common Raman spectra.
Multi-step in situ interface modification method for emission enhancement in semipolar deep-ultraviolet light emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Li , Sun Jie , Guo Wei , Hoo Jason , Lin Wei , Chen Hangyang , Xu Houqiang , Yan Long , Guo Shiping , Kang Junyong , Ye Jichun
Published: September 2022

Semipolar III-nitrides have attracted increasing attention in applications of optoelectronic devices due to the much reduced polarization field. A high-quality semipolar AlN template is the building block of semipolar AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light emitting diodes (DUV LEDs), and thus deserves special attention. In this work, a multi-step in situ interface modification technique is developed for the first time, to our knowledge, to achieve high-quality semipolar AlN templates. The stacking faults were efficiently blocked due to the modification of atomic configurations at the related interfaces. Coherently regrown AlGaN layers were obtained on the in situ treated AlN template, and stacking faults were eliminated in the post-grown AlGaN layers. The strains between AlGaN layers were relaxed through a dislocation glide in the basal plane and misfit dislocations at the heterointerfaces. In contrast, high-temperature ex situ annealing shows great improvement in defect annihilation, yet suffers from severe lattice distortion with strong compressive strain in the AlN template, which is unfavorable to the post-grown AlGaN layers. The strong enhancement of luminous intensity is achieved in in situ treated AlGaN DUV LEDs. The in situ interface modification technique proposed in this work is proven to be an efficient method for the preparation of high-quality semipolar AlN, showing great potential towards the realization of high-efficiency optoelectronic devices.
Pruning deep neural networks generates a sparse, bio-inspired nonlinear controller for insect flight
Authors: Zahn Olivia , Bustamante Jorge , Switzer Callin , Daniel Thomas L. , Kutz J. Nathan
Published: September 2022

Insect flight is a strongly nonlinear and actuated dynamical system. As such, strategies for understanding its control have typically relied on either model-based methods or linearizations thereof. Here we develop a framework that combines model predictive control on an established flight dynamics model and deep neural networks (DNN) to create an efficient method for solving the inverse problem of flight control. We turn to natural systems for inspiration since they inherently demonstrate network pruning with the consequence of yielding more efficient networks for a specific set of tasks. This bio-inspired approach allows us to leverage network pruning to optimally sparsify a DNN architecture in order to perform flight tasks with as few neural connections as possible, however, there are limits to sparsification. Specifically, as the number of connections falls below a critical threshold, flight performance drops considerably. We develop sparsification paradigms and explore their limits for control tasks. Monte Carlo simulations also quantify the statistical distribution of network weights during pruning given initial random weights of the DNNs. We demonstrate that on average, the network can be pruned to retain a small amount of original network weights and still perform comparably to its fully-connected counterpart. The relative number of remaining weights, however, is highly dependent on the initial architecture and size of the network. Overall, this work shows that sparsely connected DNNs are capable of predicting the forces required to follow flight trajectories. Additionally, sparsification has sharp performance limits.
Non-communicable diseases risk factors among the forcefully displaced Rohingya population in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Ayesha , Biswas Jheelam , Banik Palash Chandra
Published: September 2022

Rohingya refugees of Ukhiya, Cox’s bazar are an unaccounted group of people who form the largest cluster of refugees worldwide. Non-communicable disease (NCD) alone causes 70% of worldwide deaths every year therefore, the trend of NCD among Rohingya refugees demands proper evaluation and attention. The objective of this study was to measure the NCD risk factors among a convenient sample of Rohingya refugees. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 Rohingya refugees living in Balukhali and Kutupalang Rohinga Camps at Ukhiya, Cox’s bazaar using a survey dataset adapted from the WHO Stepwise approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS). Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were done by trained medical assistants. Descriptive analysis was applied as appropriate for categorical variables. A Chi-square test and a student t test were performed to compare the categories. In general, the findings of NCD risk factors as per STEPS survey was 53.4% for tobacco use including smokeless tobacco, 2.8% for alcohol consumption, 23.7% for inadequate vegetable and fruit intake, 34.5% for taking extra salt, 89.6% for insufficient physical activity, 44.5%for confirmed hypertension, 16.9% for overweight, 1.2% for obesity and 0.8% for high blood sugar. Some modifiable non-communicable disease risk factors such as physical inactivity, tobacco smoking, extra salt with food, and hypertension are present among the Rohinga refugees in Bangladesh. These findings were timely and essential to support the formulation and implementation of NCD-related policies among the Rohingya refugees as a priority sub-population.
Statistical population reconstruction of moose (Alces alces) in northeastern Minnesota using integrated population models
Authors: Severud William J. , Berg Sergey S. , Ernst Connor A. , DelGiudice Glenn D. , Moore Seth A. , Windels Steve K. , Moen Ron A. , Isaac Edmund J. , Wolf Tiffany M.
Published: September 2022

Given recent and abrupt declines in the abundance of moose (Alces alces) throughout parts of Minnesota and elsewhere in North America, accurately estimating statewide population trends and demographic parameters is a high priority for their continued management and conservation. Statistical population reconstruction using integrated population models provides a flexible framework for combining information from multiple studies to produce robust estimates of population abundance, recruitment, and survival. We used this framework to combine aerial survey data and survival data from telemetry studies to recreate trends and demographics of moose in northeastern Minnesota, USA, from 2005 to 2020. Statistical population reconstruction confirmed the sharp decline in abundance from an estimated 7,841 (90% CI = 6,702–8,933) in 2009 to 3,386 (90% CI = 2,681–4,243) animals in 2013, but also indicated that abundance has remained relatively stable since then, except for a slight decline to 3,163 (90% CI = 2,403–3,718) in 2020. Subsequent stochastic projection of the population from 2021 to 2030 suggests that this modest decline will continue for the next 10 years. Both annual adult survival and per-capita recruitment (number of calves that survived to 1 year per adult female alive during the previous year) decreased substantially in years 2005 and 2019, from 0.902 (SE = 0.043) to 0.689 (SE = 0.061) and from 0.386 (SE = 0.030) to 0.303 (SE = 0.051), respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that moose abundance was more sensitive to fluctuations in adult survival than recruitment; thus, we conclude that the steep decline in 2013 was driven primarily by decreasing adult survival. Our analysis demonstrates the potential utility of using statistical population reconstruction to monitor moose population trends and to identify population declines more quickly. Future studies should focus on providing better estimates of per-capita recruitment, using pregnancy rates and calf survival, which can then be incorporated into reconstruction models to help improve estimates of population change through time.
The energy and time saving coordinated control methods of CO2, VOCs, and PM2.5 in office buildings
Authors: Wu Xiaochun , Zhang Yan , Hou Fang , Wang Huichao , Zhou Jianjie , Yu Wei
Published: September 2022

Indoor air pollution is complex and serious. In fact, an on-site investigation of an office building revealed that the concentration of three typical pollutants (CO2, VOCs, PM2.5) exceeded the Chinese standard. To identify a better control method to achieve good indoor air quality, an orthogonal experiment was carried out in an environmental chamber to compare the control time and energy consumption of four control methods (purifier+ and window+, purifier+ and window-, purified fresh air 240 m3/h and purified fresh air 400 m3/h) to meet the standard established for pollutants. The purifier+ and window+ method was found to be more effective in most conditions, with a control time reduced by 8.06% and energy consumption reduced by 11.91% compared with the traditional control method of purified fresh air 240 m3/h. This research highlights the optimal control strategy for the air quality in office buildings under different pollution conditions.
A new quantitative 3D gap area measurement of fracture displacement of intra-articular distal radius fractures: Reliability and clinical applicability
Authors: Roelofs Lisanne J. M. , Meesters Anne M. L. , Assink Nick , Kraeima Joep , Van der Meulen Tim D. , Doornberg Job N. , De Vries Jean-Paul P. M. , Hoekstra Joost , ten Duis Kaj , IJpma Frank F. A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Gap and step-off measurements are generally used in the surgical decision-making process of distal radius fractures. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on treatment choice as these measurements are prone to inter- and intraobserver variability. In this study, we aim to introduce a new 3D fracture quantification method and compare it to conventional fracture analysis.

Methods

Forty patients with a minimally displaced intra-articular distal radius fracture that was treated nonoperatively between 2008–2015 were included. 2D-CT images were reassessed by three orthopedic trauma surgeons who performed gap and step-off measurements. Subsequently, 3D models were created and a 3D measurement method for fracture displacement was developed. For each fracture, the ‘3D gap area’ (3D surface between all fracture fragments) was determined by three observers. Interobserver agreements were calculated for all measurements, and the intraobserver agreement was calculated for the new 3D measurement. All patients completed two questionnaires in order to link our measurements to functional outcome.

Results

The interobserver agreement of the 2D measurements was fair (ICC = 0.54) for the gap and poor (ICC = 0.21) for the step-off. The median gap was 2.8 (IQR: 1.9–3.5) mm and step-off was 0.9 (IQR: 0.0–1.6) mm. Interobserver agreement on 3D gap area measurements was excellent (ICC = 0.81), with a median difference between measurements of 6.0 (IQR: 2.0–19.0) mm2, which indicates reliable assessment of 3D fracture displacement. Intraobserver agreement was also excellent (ICC = 0.98), with a median difference of 4.0 (IQR: 1.5–5.5) mm2. No significant differences in clinical outcome were found between the above and below 2mm displacement groups. The score of the DASH was 3.4 (IQR: 0.4–8.8) versus 4.2 (IQR: 0.0–11.6) respectively. Results from the PRWE questionnaire shows a similar result of 3.5 (IQR: 0.0–12.6) versus 5.0 (IQR: 0.0–25.5).

Conclusion

3D gap area is a more objective measurement method compared to the conventional gap and step-off measurements to quantify the level of fracture displacement of distal radius fractures. 3D fracture assessment can be used in addition to the currently used classification systems of distal radius fractures.
O Monge de Cister de Alexandre Herculano
Authors: Coelho Maria Helena da Cruz
Published: September 2022

Alexandre Herculano, um intelectual romântico, comungando dos valores e ideais do liberalismo, defendia um projeto de educação nacional em que a história, a literatura e a moral contribuíam para a formação das gerações no amor à Nação e no empenhamento pela sua regeneração. O conhecimento da história e o culto da história atravessavam todas as manifestações intelectuais românticas, como a poesia, o romance, a novela, o teatro. Logo Herculano convocou os seus conhecimentos e desmultiplicou a sua atividade entregando-se à escrita científica da história, à preservação dos documentos históricos e à divulgação e acessibilização histórica em periódicos ou em literatura ficcionada de romances e dramas históricos.

Os romances históricos de Alexandre Herculano, O Bobo, Eurico o Presbítero e O Monge de Cister, e a maioria da sua literatura ficcionada, desde logo Lendas e Narrativas, centram-se na Idade Média, a época preferida dos românticos, e aquela a que este escritor se devotou inteiramente como historiador, romancista e diplomatista. Neste estudo iremos analisar o romance O Monge de Cister, essencialmente numa perspectiva histórica. Percorreremos a narrativa e atentaremos nas figuras políticas que nela se representam e no período histórico em que se enquadram as situações ficcionadas. Deter-nos-emos  sobre a ambiência social e cultural que nos é retratada por Herculano. E procuraremos captar na prosa do romance os ideais que, pelas lições do passado,  Herculano advogava e queria transmitir aos seus leitores.
História e Educação Histórica
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Gago Marília
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo pretende explorar, através de uma abordagem qualitativa e reflexiva da literatura de referência, as possíveis interações entre os campos filosóficos-epistemológicos da História e da Educação, no desenvolvimento do pensamento histórico e da formação de consciência histórica.

A partir de um percurso pelas principais características da construção da narrativa histórica e dos seus desafios epistemológicos, nomeadamente as questões de posicionamento de perspetiva e enfoque cultural na produção de conhecimento histórico questionaremos como é possível articular princípios de multiperspectivismo e universalismo na aprendizagem histórica intercultural, apresentando e debatendo alguns modelos que procuram explicitar como a experiência histórica se pode desenvolver para fomentar a aprendizagem e contribuir para a formação de consciência histórica.