bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of different methods of health education on knowledge and attitude regarding palliative care among college students in urban Puducherry: a pre-post intervention study
Authors: Radhika Semwal , Tanveer Rehman , Adinarayanan S. , Sarkar Sonali , Suresh Kumar , Vetri Selvan
Published: September 2019

Background

The World Health Organization estimates that around 6 million people need palliative care in India but not even 1% of the patients have access to it.

Objective

To find the prevalence of knowledge on palliative care and compare the effectiveness of different methods of health education on attitude regarding palliative care among urban college students in southern India.

Subjects

A pre-post intervention study was conducted in three different arts, science and commerce colleges in urban Pondicherry in August 2017.

Methods

Data regarding attitude change towards palliative care by three different modes of intervention in the three colleges: health talk (Group A), health talk with video (Group B) and health talk and interaction with a patient’s caregiver (Group C) – before and after intervention – were collected using a predesigned pretested structured questionnaire.

Results

Among the 65, 75 and 67 participants in Groups A, B and C, respectively – the majority belonged to urban nuclear families; the mean age was 19.5 (0.9) years and Group C had only female students. The prevalence of knowledge about palliative care was found to be 9.2%. There was a difference in attitude scores among the three groups (p = 0.02) with Group C having the highest change of a score with a median of 2 (−1,5).

Conclusion

Awareness about palliative care is very low among non-medical undergraduate college students of urban Pondicherry. The best method of health education in changing the attitude towards palliative care was interaction with patient’s caregiver.
Aspirin, a potential GLUT1 inhibitor in a vascular endothelial cell line
Authors: Hu Yabo , Lou Xiaohan , Wang Ruirui , Sun Chanjun , Liu Xiaomeng , Liu Shuochuan , Wang Zibing , Ni Chen
Published: September 2019

Recent epidemiological and preclinical studies have revealed that aspirin possesses antitumor properties; one of the mechanisms results from inhibition of angiogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of such action remain to be elucidated, in particular, the effect of aspirin on glucose metabolism of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) has not yet been reported. Herein, we demonstrate that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), a main glucose transporter in ECs, can be down-regulated by aspirin. Exposure to 4-mM aspirin significantly decreased GLUT1 at the mRNA and protein level, resulting in impaired glucose uptake capacity in vascular ECs. In addition, we also showed that exposure to 4-mM aspirin led to an inhibition of intracellular ATP and lactate synthesis in vascular ECs, and a down-regulation of the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 was observed. Taken together, these findings indicate 4-mM aspirin inhibits glucose uptake and glucose metabolism of vascular ECs through down-regulating GLUT1 expression and suggest that GLUT1 has potential to be a target for aspirin in vascular ECs.
Analyzing the semantic space of the Hippocratic Oath
Authors: Hanák Přemysl B. , Ivanová Kateřina , Chráska Miroslav
Published: September 2019

The Hippocratic Oath is the foundation for the moral ideals and goals of Western medicine. We aimed to develop a research tool to determine the perception among diverse groups of physicians and to determine the current perception of the Hippocratic Oath.

We used the semantic differential to map the connotative meaning of the Oath. We selected 34 research articles with abstracts from a literature search. The attributes (adjectives) used to describe the Oath were added to adjectives from a semi-structured questionnaire filled in at the Olomouc military hospital. We modified the factors and selected 8 scales by optimizing the semantic differential.

Overall, Czech physicians perceived the Oath highly positively based on the factor of evaluation. Negative and even neutral viewpoints were rare. The strongest factor– progressivity–revealed that the topicality of the Hippocratic Oath is very important to physicians. A statistically significant difference was found between female physicians and their male counterparts, with women rating the Oath’s progressivity higher than men, as well as perceiving the Oath generally more positively than men.

Our analysis confirmed the importance and success of continuing education. The standardized methodology can be used in medical education to analyze the semantic space of the Hippocratic Oath.
Definition of the chalcogen bond (IUPAC Recommendations 2019)
Authors: Aakeroy Christer B. , Bryce David L. , Desiraju Gautam R. , Frontera Antonio , Legon Anthony C. , Nicotra Francesco , Rissanen Kari , Scheiner Steve , Terraneo Giancarlo , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Resnati Giuseppe
Published: September 2019

This recommendation proposes a definition for the term “chalcogen bond”; it is recommended the term is used to designate the specific subset of inter- and intramolecular interactions formed by chalcogen atoms wherein the Group 16 element is the electrophilic site.
Whither archaeologists? Continuing challenges to field practice
Authors: Watson Sadie
Published: September 2019

Current archaeological practice in the UK and elsewhere focuses on the collection of empirical data. While scholars have proposed theoretical advances in field techniques, very few of these methods have been adopted in commercial archaeology. A combination of increased time pressure on development projects and the conservatism of the sector contribute to challenging times for archaeological practice. Additional complexity is introduced by large-scale infrastructure projects unsuited to standardised field techniques. This article explores these issues, calling for a flexible, consultative approach to project design and implementation, to ensure the longevity of both archaeology and the archaeological profession.
Effects of Soil Conditioning on Tool Wear for Earth Pressure Balance Shield Tunneling in Sandy Gravel Based on Laboratory Test
Authors: Wei Ying-Jie , Yang Yu-You , Qiu Tong
Published: September 2019

Soil conditioning plays an important role in reducing soil abrasivity and wear of cutting tools in earth pressure balance shield tunneling, leading to service life extension of cutting tools. In this article, an experimental study to assess the abrasivity of conditioned soil with different conditioners, namely foam and slurry, was carried out using a soil abrasion tester. The abrasive characteristics of the tested soil samples were quantitatively assessed through the measurement of weight loss of the steel cubes fixed on the propeller. Preliminary test results indicate that both foam and slurry can modify the sandy gravel to a suitable state according to slump test and decrease soil abrasivity significantly. The torque, which reflects the interaction between the propeller and tested materials, is used to provide insights into the soil-tool contact. Potential relationships between tool wear and tool position are also investigated.
Removal of the Potassium Chloride Co-Transporter from the Somatodendritic Membrane of Axotomized Motoneurons Is Independent of BDNF/TrkB Signaling But Is Controlled by Neuromuscular Innervation
Authors: Akhter Erica Tracey , Griffith Ronald W. , English Arthur W. , Alvarez Francisco J.
Published: September 2019

The potassium-chloride cotransporter (KCC2) maintains the low intracellular chloride found in mature central neurons and controls the strength and direction of GABA/glycine synapses. We found that following axotomy as a consequence of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs), KCC2 protein is lost throughout the somatodendritic membrane of axotomized spinal cord motoneurons after downregulation ofkcc2mRNA expression. This large loss likely depolarizes the reversal potential of GABA/glycine synapses, resulting in GABAergic-driven spontaneous activity in spinal motoneurons similar to previous reports in brainstem motoneurons. We hypothesized that the mechanism inducing KCC2 downregulation in spinal motoneurons following peripheral axotomy might be mediated by microglia or motoneuron release of BDNF and TrkB activation as has been reported on spinal cord dorsal horn neurons after nerve injury, motoneurons after spinal cord injury (SCI), and in many other central neurons throughout development or a variety of pathologies. To test this hypothesis, we used genetic approaches to interfere with microglia activation or deletebdnffrom specifically microglia or motoneurons, as well as pharmacology (ANA-12) and pharmacogenetics (F616A mice) to block TrkB activation. We show that KCC2 dysregulation in axotomized motoneurons is independent of microglia, BDNF, and TrkB. KCC2 is instead dependent on neuromuscular innervation; KCC2 levels are restored only when motoneurons reinnervate muscle. Thus, downregulation of KCC2 occurs specifically while injured motoneurons are regenerating and might be controlled by target-derived signals. GABAergic and glycinergic synapses might therefore depolarize motoneurons disconnected from their targets and contribute to augment motoneuron activity known to promote motor axon regeneration.
Chemogenetic Inhibition of the Amygdala Modulates Emotional Behavior Expression in Infant Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Raper Jessica , Murphy Lauren , Richardson Rebecca , Romm Zoe , Kovacs-Balint Zsofia , Payne Christa , Galvan Adriana
Published: September 2019

Manipulation of neuronal activity during the early postnatal period in monkeys has been largely limited to permanent lesion studies, which can be impacted by developmental plasticity leading to reorganization and compensation from other brain structures that can interfere with the interpretations of results. Chemogenetic tools, such as DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs), can transiently and reversibly activate or inactivate brain structures, avoiding the pitfalls of permanent lesions to better address important developmental neuroscience questions. We demonstrate that inhibitory DREADDs in the amygdala can be used to manipulate socioemotional behavior in infant monkeys. Two infant rhesus monkeys (1 male, 1 female) received AAV5-hSyn-HA-hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine injections bilaterally in the amygdala at 9 months of age. DREADD activation after systemic administration of either clozapine-N-oxide or low-dose clozapine resulted in decreased freezing and anxiety on the human intruder paradigm and changed the looking patterns on a socioemotional attention eye-tracking task, compared with vehicle administration. The DREADD-induced behaviors were reminiscent of, but not identical to, those seen after permanent amygdala lesions in infant monkeys, such that neonatal lesions produce a more extensive array of behavioral changes in response to the human intruder task that were not seen with DREADD-evoked inhibition of this region. Our results may help support the notion that the more extensive behavior changes seen after early lesions are manifested from brain reorganization that occur after permanent damage. The current study provides a proof of principle that DREADDs can be used in young infant monkeys to transiently and reversibly manipulate behavior.
Higher CSF Tau Levels Are Related to Hippocampal Hyperactivity and Object Mnemonic Discrimination in Older Adults
Authors: Berron David , Cardenas-Blanco Arturo , Bittner Daniel , Metzger Coraline D. , Spottke Annika , Heneka Michael T. , Fliessbach Klaus , Schneider Anja , Teipel Stefan J. , Wagner Michael , Speck Oliver , Jessen Frank , Düzel Emrah
Published: September 2019

Mnemonic discrimination, the ability to distinguish similar events in memory, relies on subregions in the human medial temporal lobes (MTLs). Tau pathology is frequently found within the MTL of older adults and therefore likely to affect mnemonic discrimination, even in healthy older individuals. The MTL subregions that are known to be affected early by tau pathology, the perirhinal-transentorhinal region (area 35) and the anterior-lateral entorhinal cortex (alEC), have recently been implicated in the mnemonic discrimination of objects rather than scenes. Here we used an object-scene mnemonic discrimination task in combination with fMRI recordings and analyzed the relationship between subregional MTL activity, memory performance, and levels of total and phosphorylated tau as well as Aβ42/40 ratio in CSF. We show that activity in alEC was associated with mnemonic discrimination of similar objects but not scenes in male and female cognitively unimpaired older adults. Importantly, CSF tau levels were associated with increased fMRI activity in the hippocampus, and both increased hippocampal activity as well as tau levels were associated with mnemonic discrimination of objects, but again not scenes. This suggests that dysfunction of the alEC-hippocampus object mnemonic discrimination network might be a marker for tau-related cognitive decline.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSubregions in the human medial temporal lobe are critically involved in episodic memory and, at the same time, affected by tau pathology. Impaired object mnemonic discrimination performance as well as aberrant activity within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry have been reported in earlier studies involving older individuals, but it has thus far remained elusive whether and how tau pathology is implicated in this specific impairment. Using task-related fMRI in combination with measures of tau pathology in CSF, we show that measures of tau pathology are associated with increased hippocampal activity and reduced mnemonic discrimination of similar objects but not scenes. This suggests that object mnemonic discrimination tasks could be promising markers for tau-related cognitive decline.
UN PARTİKÜL BOYUTUNUN EKMEĞİN FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ VE RAF ÖMRÜ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ARSLAN TONTUL Sultan , ÇETİN BABAOĞLU Hümeyra
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada farklı partikül boyutuna sahip unlar ile
üretilen ekmeklerin depolanması sırasında meydana gelen fiziksel değişimlerin
belirlenmesi ve bayatlamanın kinetik olarak modellenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Farinograf ve ekstensograf testleri sonucunda ekmek hamurlarının un partikül
boyutunun azaltılmasının, hamurun reolojik özelliklerini geliştirdiği tespit
edilmiştir. Ekmek kabuğunun  L*
parlaklık, 39.83 ile 53.28 değeri arasında değişmekle birlikte partikül
boyutunun azaltılması ekmek parlaklık değerini düşürmüştür. Tekstür profil
analizi sonucunda depolanan ekmeklerin sertlik değerlerinin yaklaşık olarak 2.7
kat arttığı ve en yüksek artışın ise 150 µ altı un partiküllerinden üretilen
ekmek örneklerinde gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Depolama süresince ekmeklerde
nem kaybı değerleri kontrol, 150-250 µ arası ve 150 µ altı örnekler için sırasıyla
%14.92, 0.53 ve 6.72 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ekmek bayatlamasının Avrami
kinetik modele uygunluğunun değerlendirildiği hesaplamalarda ise 1.85 ile en
yüksek n değerini ve 0.13 ile en düşük k değerini düşük partikül boyutlu unlar
kullanılarak üretilen ekmek örneklerinin aldığı belirlenmiştir.
SENSORY AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF CAKE SUPPLEMENTED WITH SPINACH POWDER
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN KOÇ Gülşah , ERBAKAN Tuğçe , ARICI Elif , DİRİM Safiye Nur
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to
investigate the production of functional cakes with enriched nutritional value
and flavor with the addition of spinach powder (SP) to the formulation as a
replacement for the wheat flour at different ratios. The addition of SP
resulted in a significant decrease in the moisture content (26.63 - 28.96% for
the batters and 12.75 - 22.33% for the cakes) and water activity (0.902 - 0.880
for the batters and 0.722 - 0.822 for the cakes) values (P<0.05).  The addition of SP caused a significant
change in the color of the batters and cakes. The vitamin C content of the
batters and cakes increased depending on the amount of SP (P<0.05).  The highest weight loss (14.83%) and cooking
yield (89.40%) values were observed for the plain cake and cake with 10% SP,
respectively, where this cake had the highest sensorial acceptability by the
panelists.
Standardised data collection for clinical follow-up and assessment of outcomes in differences of sex development (DSD): recommendations from the COST action DSDnet
Authors: Flück Christa , Nordenström Anna , Ahmed S Faisal , Ali Salma R , Berra Marta , Hall Joanne , Köhler Birgit , Pasterski Vickie , Robeva Ralitsa , Schweizer Katinka , Springer Alexander , Westerveld Puck , Hiort Olaf , Cools Martine , _ _
Published: September 2019

The treatment and care of individuals who have a difference of sex development (DSD) have been revised over the past two decades and new guidelines have been published. In order to study the impact of treatments and new forms of management in these rare and heterogeneous conditions, standardised assessment procedures across centres are needed. Diagnostic work-up and detailed genital phenotyping are crucial at first assessment. DSDs may affect general health, have associated features or lead to comorbidities which may only be observed through lifelong follow-up. The impact of medical treatments and surgical (non-) interventions warrants special attention in the context of critical review of current and future care. It is equally important to explore gender development early and refer to specialised services if needed. DSDs and the medical, psychological, cultural and familial ways of dealing with it may affect self-perception, self-esteem, and psychosexual function. Therefore, psychosocial support has become one of the cornerstones in the multidisciplinary management of DSD, but its impact remains to be assessed. Careful clinical evaluation and pooled data reporting in a global DSD registry will allow linking genetic, metabolomic, phenotypic and psychological data. For this purpose, our group of clinical experts and patient and parent representatives designed a template for structured longitudinal follow-up. In this paper, we explain the rationale behind the selection of the dataset. This tool provides guidance to professionals caring for individuals with a DSD and their families. At the same time, it collects the data needed for answering unsolved questions of patients, clinicians, and researchers. Ultimately, outcomes for defined subgroups of rare DSD conditions should be studied through large collaborative endeavours using a common protocol.
A homozygous mutation in the highly conserved Tyr60 of the mature IGF1 peptide broadens the spectrum of IGF1 deficiency
Authors: Keselman Ana Claudia , Martin Ayelen , Scaglia Paula Alejandra , Sanguineti Nora María , Armando Romina , Gutiérrez Mariana , Braslavsky Débora , Ballerini María Gabriela , Ropelato María Gabriela , Ramirez Laura , Landi Estefanía , Domené Sabina , Castro Julia F , Cassinelli Hamilton , Casali Bárbara , del Rey Graciela , Barros Ángel Campos , Nevado Blanco Julián , Domené Horacio , Jasper Héctor , Arberas Claudia , Rey Rodolfo A , Lapunzina-Badía Pablo , Bergadá Ignacio , Pennisi Patricia A
Published: September 2019

Background

IGF1 is a key factor in fetal and postnatal growth. To date, only three homozygous IGF1 gene defects leading to complete or partial loss of IGF1 activity have been reported in three short patients born small for gestational age. We describe the fourth patient with severe short stature presenting a novel homozygous IGF1 gene mutation.

Results

We report a boy born from consanguineous parents at 40 weeks of gestational age with intrauterine growth restriction and severe postnatal growth failure. Physical examination revealed proportionate short stature, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, bilateral sensorineural deafness and mild global developmental delay. Basal growth hormone (GH) fluctuated from 0.2 to 29 ng/mL, while IGF1 levels ranged from −1.15 to 2.95 SDS. IGFBP3 was normal-high. SNP array delimited chromosomal regions of homozygosity, including 12q23.2 where IGF1 is located. IGF1 screening by HRM revealed a homozygous missense variant NM_000618.4(IGF1):c.322T>C, p.(Tyr108His). The change of the highly conserved Tyr60 in the mature IGF1 peptide was consistently predicted as pathogenic by multiple bioinformatic tools. Tyr60 has been described to be critical for IGF1 interaction with type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R). In vitro, HEK293T cells showed a marked reduction of IGF1R phosphorylation after stimulation with serum from the patient as compared to sera from age-matched controls. Mutant IGF1 was also less efficient in inducing cell growth.

Conclusion

The present report broadens the spectrum of clinical and biochemical presentation of homozygous IGF1 defects and underscores the variability these patients may present depending on the IGF/IGF1R pathway activity.
Characterization of thyroid cancer driven by known and novel ALK fusions
Authors: Panebianco Federica , Nikitski Alyaksandr V , Nikiforova Marina N , Kaya Cihan , Yip Linwah , Condello Vincenzo , Wald Abigail I , Nikiforov Yuri E , Chiosea Simion I
Published: September 2019

ALK fusions are found in various tumors, including thyroid cancer, and serve as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Spectrum and outcomes of ALK fusions found in thyroid nodules and cancer are not fully characterized. We report a series of 44 ALK-translocated thyroid neoplasms, including 31 identified preoperatively in thyroid fine-needle aspirates (FNA). The average patients’ age was 43 years (range, 8–76 years); only one with radiation history. All 19 resected thyroid nodules with ALK fusion identified preoperatively were malignant. Among nodules with known surgical pathology (n = 32), 84% were papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and 16% poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs). PTCs showed infiltrative growth with follicular architecture seen exclusively (30%) or in combination with papillary and/or solid growth (37%). Tumor multifocality was seen in 10 (31%) PTC cases. Most PDTC had a well-differentiated PTC component. Lymph node metastases were identified in 10/18 (56%) patients with neck dissection. The most common ALK fusion partners were STRN (n = 22) and EML4 (n = 17). In five cases, novel ALK fusion partners were discovered. All five PDTCs carried STRN-ALK fusion. On follow-up, ten patients were free of disease at 2–108 months, whereas two patients with PDTC died of disease. In summary, ALK fusion-positive thyroid carcinomas are typically infiltrative PTC with common follicular growth, which may show tumor dedifferentiation associated with increased mortality. Compared to EML4-ALK, STRN-ALK may be more common in PDTC, and ~10% of ALK fusions occur to rare gene partners. When ALK fusion is detected preoperatively in FNA samples, malignancy should be expected.
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 antagonizes the effect of ghrelin in rodents
Authors: Islam Md Nurul , Mita Yuichiro , Maruyama Keisuke , Tanida Ryota , Zhang Weidong , Sakoda Hideyuki , Nakazato Masamitsu
Published: September 2019

Ghrelin, a stomach-derived peptide, promotes feeding and growth hormone (GH) secretion. A recent study identified liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) as an endogenous inhibitor of ghrelin-induced GH secretion, but the effect of LEAP2 in the brain remained unknown. In this study, we showed that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of LEAP2 to rats suppressed central ghrelin functions including Fos expression in the hypothalamic nuclei, promotion of food intake, blood glucose elevation, and body temperature reduction. LEAP2 did not inhibit neuropeptide Y (NPY)-induced food intake or des-acyl ghrelin-induced reduction in body temperature, indicating that the inhibitory effects of LEAP2 were specific for GHSR. Plasma LEAP2 levels varied according to feeding status and seemed to be dependent on the hepatic Leap2 expression. Furthermore, ghrelin suppressed the expression of hepatic Leap2 via AMPK activation. Together, these results reveal that LEAP2 inhibits central ghrelin functions and crosstalk between liver and stomach.
Neonatal CPAP for Respiratory Distress Across Malawi and Mortality
Authors: Carns Jennifer , Kawaza Kondwani , Liaghati-Mobarhan Sara , Asibon Aba , Quinn Mary K. , Chalira Alfred , Lufesi Norman , Molyneux Elizabeth , Oden Maria , Richards-Kortum Rebecca
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Our aim in this observational study was to monitor continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) usage and outcomes in newborn wards at 26 government hospitals in Malawi after the introduction of CPAP as part of a quality-improvement initiative. CPAP was implemented in 3 phases from 2013 through 2015.

METHODS:

Survival to discharge was analyzed for neonates treated with nasal oxygen and/or CPAP with admission weights of 1 to 2.49 kg at 24 government hospitals with transfer rates <15%. This analysis includes neonates admitted with respiratory illness for 5.5 months before (621 neonates) and 15 months immediately after CPAP implementation (1836 neonates). A follow-up data analysis was completed for neonates treated with CPAP at all hospitals during an additional 11 months (194 neonates).

RESULTS:

On implementation of CPAP, survival to discharge improved for all neonates admitted with respiratory distress (48.6% vs 54.5%; P = .012) and for those diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (39.8% vs 48.3%; P = .042). There were no significant differences in outcomes for neonates treated with CPAP during the implementation and follow-up periods. Hypothermia on admission was pervasive and associated with poor outcomes. Neonates with normal mean temperatures during CPAP treatment experienced the highest survival rates (65.7% for all neonates treated with CPAP and 60.0% for those diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome).

CONCLUSIONS:

A nurse-led CPAP service can improve outcomes for neonates in respiratory distress in low-resource settings. However, the results show that real-world improvements in survival may be limited without access to comprehensive newborn care, especially for small and sick infants.
¿Las competencias no cognitivas actúan como mediadoras en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje? Evidencia para Argentina
Authors: Krüger Natalia , Formichella María Marta
Published: September 2019

Los procesos educativos pueden generar tanto resultados cognitivos -conocimiento y aptitudes- como no cognitivos -actitudes y expectativas-. Estos últimos han sido relegados en la literatura de la economía de la educación, a pesar de su relevancia en el desarrollo individual y social. El objetivo del trabajo es contrastar la hipótesis de que estas competencias actúan como mediadoras entre los tradicionales factores explicativos en la función de producción educativa y los logros cognitivos. Para ello, se estima un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales a partir de datos de PISA 2012 para Argentina. Los resultados muestran evidencia en favor de la hipótesis propuesta.
Regulación/desregulación laboral: una reflexión teórica
Authors: Lasierra Esteban José Manuel
Published: September 2019

En este artículo se presenta un análisis de las capacidades de la empresa neoclásica para generar empleo y bienestar social. Planteamos que la regulación laboral puede mejorar la eficiencia del mercado de trabajo en la creación de empleo, la innovación, la productividad o la cohesión social, lo cual la empresa, por sí sola, no puede asumir. Se trata de que la regulación, las instituciones laborales, reparen algunos fallos de los mercados perfectos en esos cometidos. Se resalta la importancia de la estructura productiva y el marco institucional para establecer el modelo de regulación óptimo, lo que cuestiona la aplicación de políticas similares para realidades nacionales distintas.
Marco regulatorio cambiario y dinámica del sector externo: un análisis del caso argentino reciente
Authors: Feldman Germán David , Formento Alejandro
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo analiza los aspectos institucionales que caracterizaron el funcionamiento del mercado cambiario argentino durante la etapa de la posconvertibilidad (2002-2017) y su impacto sobre la dinámica del sector externo. La revisión de los esquemas regulatorios vigentes durante las tres etapas que comprende este periodo, esto es, la de construcción del marco regulatorio del Mercado Único y Libre de Cambios (2002-2011), de control de cambios (2012-2015) y de liberalización (2016-2017), nos permite concluir que las reformas estructurales instrumentadas por el nuevo gobierno no solo no han revertido la tendencia hacia el deterioro del sector externo observada desde el 2011, sino que incluso han tendido a incorporar mayores riesgos sistémicos.
The effects of a mandatory play break on subsequent gambling among Norwegian video lottery terminal players
Authors: Auer Michael , Hopfgartner Niklas , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: September 2019

Background and aims

Responsible gambling (RG) tools and initiatives have been introduced by social RG operators as a means to help prevent problem gambling. One such initiative is the use of mandatory play breaks (i.e., forced session terminations). Recommendations by RG experts for gambling operators to implement mandatory play breaks appear to be intuitively sensible but are not evidence-based.

Methods

The present authors were given access by the Norwegian gambling operator Norsk Tipping to data from 7,190 video lottery terminal (VLT) players who gambled between January and March 2018. This generated 218,523 playing sessions for further analysis. Once a gambling session reaches a 1-hr play duration, a forced session termination of 90 s comes into effect. This study evaluated the effect of mandatory play breaks on subsequent gambling.

Results

Compared to similar sessions identified using a matched-pairs design, results demonstrated that there was no significant effect of the forced termination regarding the amount of money staked in the subsequent gambling session or on the time duration of the subsequent gambling session.

Conclusions

Although expenditure was higher in the subsequent 24 hr for terminated sessions, this is likely due to higher intensity gamblers being more likely to trigger mandatory breaks. Implications of these findings are discussed.
A daganatos betegséggel összefüggő kognitív hanyatlás és annak vizsgálómódszerei
Authors: Ferencz Valéria , S. Nagy Zita , Tóth Miklós
Published: September 2019

Abstract:

A significant proportion of cancer patients reports a decline in their usual cognitive functions. This impairment may be the consequence of either the malignant disorder itself or the side-effect of the treatment. This impairment in cognitive skills was referred to with a sticky witty name as chemobrain or chemofog, reflecting on the old conception based on the assumption that solely the neurotoxic effect of chemotherapy was responsible for this kind of disturbances. However, today there is increasing evidence proving that such hypotheses can only partially explain the cognitive decline of cancer patients and cancer survivors. As a matter of fact, the cognitive impairment of cancer patients is a much more complex consequence of the malignant disorder than chemobrain or chemofog. Nowadays, this process is described as “cancer-related cognitive impairment” (CRCI). Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(38): 1495–1502.
PROGRAM EDUKASI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BAGI SISWA RA UNTUK MEMAHAMKAN KONSEP “KANG PISMAN” MELALUI KEGIATAN BERMAIN
Authors: Kurniawan Dede Trie , Maryanti Sri , Yuliawati Astri , Tresnawati Nailah
Published: September 2019

Sampah adalah masalah dunia. Perlu sebuah  aksi pengurangan sampah dari hulu dengan konsep 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Berbagai macam sampah sebagai hasil samping kegiatan manusia terus diproduksi setiap harinya, maka Perlu adanya pembenahan budaya bagi masyarakat indonesia mengenai pengelolaan sampah plastik. Penanaman nilai kebersihan lingkungan terhadap anak sejak dini sangatlah penting, karena Anak-anak yang masih dalam tahap perkembangan berada pada proses imitasi dengan melihat apa yang orang dewasa di sekitarnya lakukan. Perlu dilakukan kegiatan edukasi lingkungan hidup mengenai gaya hidup bijak dalam penggunaan plastik melalui kegiatan mewarnai tas pakai ulang (Totebag) bagi anak anak. Kegiatan ini dimaksudkan sebagai wahana edukasi lingkungan hidup dalam menanamkan sebuah gaya hidup “Zero Waste” melalui moto kang pisman (kurangi, pisahkan dan manfaatkan) kepada siswa RA disalah satu RA Kabupaten Bandung. Secara Garis besar Pelaksanaakan kegiatan ini dapat dikategorikan sukses dan berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini dapat ditunjukan dengan sebagian besar pemberian respon dari peserta siswa RA, Guru dan Kepala sekolah RA yang mengungkapkan bahwa kegiatan ini sangat baik karena dapat memberikan manfaat dan memperluas wawasan mereka selaku anggota masyarakat yang di lingkungan mereka terkenal selalu rawan kejadian banjir akibat penanganan sampah plastik yang tidak baik.
Indicators of a Cardiovascular System at 14–15 Years Old Boys at Short-term Biofeedback Training for Controlling of General Heart Rate Variability After Speed and Power Training: Experimental Controlled Study
Authors: Poskotinova Liliya V. , Krivonogova Olga V. , Zaborsky Oleg S.
Published: September 2019

Background. Cardiovascular system recovery after physical activity with explosive exercises is essential for cardiovascular pathology prevention. The efficiency of short-term biofeedback training (BFB training) in such conditions in adolescents have not been studied earlier. Objective. Our aim was to study the effect of BFB training on cardiovascular rehabilitation after speed and power training in adolescents according to general heart rate variability (HRV) spectrum total power parameter. Methods. The research has included healthy eighth-grade students (14–15 years old boys) from regular school. Inclusion in experimental and control groups was regulated by researches. Such indicators as total power (TP) of HRV spectrum, tension index (TI), systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR) were registered initially, after three standing long jumps with double take-off and after recovery. All members of experimental group performed BFB training in order to increase TP (3 min) during recovery period. Members of control group were resting. Results. Initially all members of experimental (n = 17) and control (n = 10) groups were compared on age, height, weight and TP, TI, ABP and HR indicators. The TP level in boys of experimental group was higher than in control group during recovery period after BFB training: 3.22 (1.96; 6.13) against 1.36 (1.15; 1.84) X 1000 ms2 respectively (р = 0.041). There were no differences in TI, ABP and HR levels between two groups during recovery period. Conclusion. Implementation of short-term BFB training according to general HRV spectrum total power parameter in 14–15 years old boys after speed and power training perpetuates vagal impact on heart rate during recovery period.
Enzyme Replacement Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Results in Patients with Hurler Syndrome: Clinical Cases
Authors: Vashakmadze Nato D. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Zhurkova Natalia V. , Zakharova Ekaterina Yu. , Mikhaylova Svetlana V. , Revunenkov Grigory V.
Published: September 2019

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is the hereditary disease characterized with alpha-L-iduronidase activity decrease and further accumulation of heparan and dermatan sulfate in lysosomes. MPS I is rare autosomal recessive disorder with incidence of 0.5–4 cases on 100.000 live-birth infants. Meantime there two approaches in MPS I treatment: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). HSCT can be the best option for treatment of patients with severe MPS I (Hurler syndrome). Successful engraftment moderates such clinical signs as obstructive airway diseases, hepatosplenomegaly, cardiovascular system dysfunctions. HSCT prevents cognitive functions decline and other pathologic features of central nervous system. Presented clinical cases show various clinical courses according to age of diagnosis, ERT onset and HSCT implementation.
Estimation of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Efficiency in Infants within National Immunization Schedule
Authors: Briko Nikolay I. , Korshunov Vladimir A. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Lobzin Juriy V. , Baranov Alexander A. , Kostenko Natalia A. , Fedoseenko Marina V. , Vishneva Elena A. , Grinchik Polina R.
Published: September 2019

Background. Vaccination of infants with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was implemented in national immunization schedule in 2014. In this regard epidemiological monitoring of routine immunization results with vaccination coverage and efficiency control is required. Objective. Our aim was to study correlation between pneumococcal disease routine immunization in infants and morbidity and mortality rates due to community-acquired pneumonia in children under 18 years of age and morbidity rate due to acute otitis media in children under 14 years of age. Methods. Morbidity (Form № 2, 2011–2017 yrs) and mortality (Form № 51S, 2009–2017 yrs) rates due to community-acquired pneumonia, morbidity rate (Form № 12, 2009–2017 yrs) due to acute otitis media, vaccination coverage rate (Form № 5, 2014–2017 yrs, and Form № 6, 2016–2017 yrs) were analysed according to the data of Forms of Federal Statistical Monitoring. Medical exemptions and refusals to vaccinate rates were estimated according to the data from doctors who was performing infants vaccination. Results. During PCV routine vaccination within national immunization schedule in Russian Federation the 35% reduction of mortality due to community-acquired pneumonia in children under 1 year of age as well as reduction of morbidity with acute otitis media have been established. Moreover, low percentage of etiology clear community-acquired pneumonias (29%) complicates the estimation of vaccination efficiency. It has been revealed that despite the high pneumococcal disease vaccination coverage rate of infants under 2 years of age (87%), considerable part of children (73%) are vaccinated untimely in most Russian Federation regions. 9.3% (3.4% due to medical exemptions) of children (among 1st year infants) remained unvaccinated due to medical exemptions and refusals to vaccinate in 2016, and 8% (3.4%) in 2017 respectively. Conclusion. Implementation of PCV routine immunisation for three years in a row leads to reduction of morbidity rate due to acute otitis media among children under 14 years of age and infant mortality rate due to community-acquired pneumonias. Though, the estimation of routine immunisation efficiency can be difficult due to such factors as untimely start of vaccination, medical exemptions and refusals to vaccinate and limited laboratory diagnostics of community-acquired pneumonias etiology.
Chronic coronary artery occlusion: when does the benefit outweigh the risk?
Authors: Badoyan A. G. , Khelimsky D. A. , Shermuk A. A. , Krestyaninov O. V. , Bobrova A. S. , Fatulloeva Sh. Sh. , Turdubaev A. K.
Published: September 2019

Today, the treatment of patients with chronic coronary occlusion is one of the most difficult problems in interventional cardiology. This is due not only to the technical difficulties of endovascular recanalization, but also to the difficulty in selecting patients for whom revascularization will be beneficial. Due to the low evidence base and the conflicting results of large clinical trials, these patients are rarely referred for endovascular recanalization. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and systematize relevant knowledge on the management of patients with chronic coronary occlusion.
Delayed help-seeking for emergency medical care of patients with acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction: review of studies
Authors: Kontsevaya A. V. , Kononets E. N. , Goryachkin E. A.
Published: September 2019

The review article provides an analysis of domestic and foreign studies evaluating the dynamics of temporary indicators of prehospital medical care for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction (MI). It was noted that the delay in applying for medical care of patients with ACS/MI is currently a significant factor determining the effectiveness of the treatment of these diseases. Over the past decades, modern treatment methods and bright-line health system recommendations have appeared. Significant progress has been made in reducing the time from calling an ambulance to receiving treatment, especially in developed countries. However, in spite of the efforts made, the problem of late appealability of patients is still unresolved. In the world and inRussia, experience aimed to educate patients in terms of ACS/MI symptoms and the importance of timely help-seeking has been gained at the population level. There is no doubt that along with organizational measures aimed to treat cardiovascular patients, increasing public awareness of the ACS symptoms and emergency aid should be considered as one of the priority areas.
Role of type IV collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in remodeling of the left ventricular in coronary artery disease
Authors: Popov M. A. , Shumakov D. V. , Zybin D. I. , Gurevich L. E. , Ashevskaya V. E. , Babokin V. E. , Pronina V. P.
Published: September 2019

Currently, the analysis of the fibrosis severity during the restructuring of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) is studied in most of the research works devoted to “cardiac remodeling”. At the same time, the role of the basal membrane of cardiomyocytes in heart diseases was not studied. The basal membrane of cardiomyocytes is a highly organized layer of the ECM which is located on the outer side of the sarcolemma. Degradation of ECM components is carried out by different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which have proteolytic activity and are actively involved in the process of ECM remodeling, destroying its components such as collagen, elastin, fibronectin, glycosaminoglycans and other structural components.

Aim. To evaluate the ECM status in patients with coronary artery disease and its effect on left ventricular myocardial remodeling.

Material and methods. Morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of left ventricular myocardial biopsies was performed in 16 patients undergoing left ventricular reconstruction in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting.

Results. The IHC study revealed the accumulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. This accumulation was combined with partial or complete destruction of the basal membranes (BM) of cardiomyocytes formed by type IV collagen.

Conclusion. Type IV collagen destruction in basal membranes of left ventricular cardiomyocyteswasrevealed. It iscausedbytheactionofmatrixmetalloproteinase-9, which accumulates in the cell cytoplasm.
Subclavian-coronary bypass graft re-operation according to the MICS technique in a patient with angina relapse
Authors: Sigaev I. Yu. , Keren M. A. , Kazaryan A. V. , Pilipenko I. V. , Getsadze G. G.
Published: September 2019

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using short-scar incision (without median sternotomy) allows minimizing the invasiveness of the intervention, reducing the risks of postoperative complications, and also ensuring patient comfort and quick social and physical rehabilitation. The successful implementation of such operations is due not only to surgical skills and the integration of technological achievements into practice, but also to the appropriate selection of patients. The article presents a clinical case of successful re-operation of the subclavian-coronary artery bypass grafting on a beating heart using antero-lateral thoracotomy approach in a patient with angina relapse after CABG.
A microstructural perspective on soil collapse
Authors: Yuan Shengyang , Liu Xianfeng , Buzzi Olivier
Published: September 2019

Soil collapse is a phenomenon triggered by wetting a loaded soil, the structure of which contains large pores. This type of soil response has been studied since the 1970s and models that can predict its occurrence and magnitude were proposed from the 1990s. In particular, the concept of loading collapse (LC) curves has been developed in the framework of unsaturated soil mechanics and it has been validated using low-reactivity soils. Several publications have highlighted that the microstructure of expansive soils evolves significantly during swelling, a phenomenon that may affect the location of the LC curve. With that perspective, some studies mention a need to shift the LC curves for experimental data and model predictions to agree. This paper brings new insight into the significance of microstructure for the collapse of a reactive soil. A series of tests was conducted to characterise the microstructure of soil specimens compacted under different initial conditions. Then, three pairs of wetting tests under constant load and under controlled suction were conducted in order to identify the zone of onset of collapse. It was found that the conventional LC curves cannot adequately predict the occurrence of collapse. In contrast, analysing the swelling response in the light of microstructural characterisation led to the conclusion that, for Maryland clay, occurrence of collapse can be tracked by the evolution of the void ratio associated to the macro porosity during wetting.
Effect of hybrid basalt fibre length and content on properties of cementitious composites
Authors: Khan Mehran , Cao Mingli
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, basalt fibre is gaining popularity in the field of construction materials due to its low production cost and enhanced mechanical properties. However, research is still needed into the use of a single type of fibre with different lengths in composite materials. Therefore, in this paper the hybridisation of basalt fibre of various lengths and contents is studied in order to take full advantage of multi-scale characteristic(s) with a single type of fibre, while the fundamental mechanical properties of single-length basalt-fibre-reinforced cementitious composites and hybridisation of different-length basalt-fibre-reinforced composites are investigated. Additionally, a hybrid fibre coefficient is developed to evaluate the effect of hybrid fibre in cementitious materials. A total of 17 mix proportions were made containing either a single length or a combination of four different lengths of basalt fibre (3, 6, 12 and 20 mm) with various total volume contents. The paper shows that the hybridisation of four different lengths of fibres in cementitious composites generally improved mechanical properties in comparison to plain and single-length fibre-reinforced mortar. The hybrid fibre coefficient also showed good consistency with the results of mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the proper bonding of basalt fibre with cementitious composites.