bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Predicting Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy Surgeries
Authors: Al-Qudah Abdullah M. , Sivaguru Sreeja , Anetakis Katherine M. , Crammond Donald , Balzer Jeffrey R. , Subramaniam Kathirvel , Sadhasivam Senthilkumar , Shandal Varun , Thirumala Parthasarathy D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of electroencephalography (EEG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) as modalities of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in predicting postoperative delirium (POD) in patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) surgery. Methods: A total cohort of 425 patients was included in this study. Medical record data were reviewed retrospectively and their documented significant IONM data were analyzed and integrated into the study for each patient. The study cohort was assessed for POD with the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC), and a score of >4 was positive for delirium. Results: Of the 425 patients who underwent CEA for carotid stenosis, 65 (15.29%) had documented significant IONM changes. Of those 65 patients with significant changes, 16 (24.61%) had POD. On the other hand, of the 360 patients without changes, 31 (8.61%) had POD. Utilizing logistic regression while adjusting for possible confounders, IONM changes were still significantly associated with POD (p value: <0.001; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.91–7.98; adjusted odds ratio (ORadj): 3.94). Specifically, SSEP changes alone were significantly associated with POD (p value: <0.001; 95% CI: 2.36–11.08; ORadj: 5.15). Conclusion: Significant IONM changes increase the risk of developing POD in patients undergoing CEA. Despite the low overall risk of POD after CEA in our study, it is imperative to conclude that patients with POD are twice as likely to exhibit IONM changes.
Perceptions and Responses to Diseases among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Text Mining Analysis of Posts on a Japanese Patient Community Website
Authors: Lee Eujin , Tsuchiya Hiroaki , Iida Hajime , Nagano Katsumasa , Murata Yoko , Maemoto Atsuo
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasingly using online platforms to communicate with other patients and healthcare professionals seeking disease-related information and support. Free-text posts on these platforms could provide insights into patients’ everyday lives, which could help improve patient care. In this proof-of-concept (POC) study, we applied text mining to extract patient needs from free-text posts on a community forum in Japan, holistically visualized the patients’ perceptions and their connections, and explored the patient characteristic-dependent trends in the use of words. Methods: Free-text posts written between May 11, 2020 and May 31, 2022 on the community forum were retrieved and subjected to text mining analysis. Trends in the use of words were extracted from the posts for correspondence and co-occurrence network analyses using KH Coder open-source text mining software. Results: Seventy-four posts were analyzed. Using text mining methods, we successfully extracted and visualized a variety of patient concerns and their connections. The correspondence and co-occurrence analyses revealed patient segment-dependent trends in the use of words. For example, patients with a disease duration of ≤5 years were more likely to use words related to emotions or their desire to change or quit their job, such as “anxiety” and “resignation.” Patients with a disease duration of >10 years were more likely to use words showing that they are finding ways to live with or accept their disease, and are getting used to the lifestyle, but some patients continued to experience worsening disease. Conclusions: We found that free-text posts on an IBD community forum can be a useful source of information to capture the wide variety of thoughts of patients. Text mining procedures can help visualize the relative importance of the topics identified from free-text posts. Our findings of this POC study will be useful for generating new hypotheses to better understand and address the needs of patients with IBD.
Predictive Accuracy of Clinicians Estimates of Death and Recovery after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Pre-Specified Analysis in INTERACT3 Study
Authors: Ouyang Menglu , Ma Lu , Chen Xiaoying , Wang Xia , Billot Laurent , Li Qiang , Malavera Alejandra , Li Xi , Muñoz-Venturelli Paula , Silva Asita De , Nguyen Thang Huy , Wahab Kolawole W. , Pandian Jeyaraj Dural , Wasay Mohammad , Pontes-Neto Octavio Marques , Abanto Carlos , Arauz Antonio , You Chao , Hu Xin , Song Lili , Anderson Craig S. ,   for the INTERACT3 Investigators
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Accurately predicting a patient’s prognosis is an important component of decision-making in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to determine clinicians’ ability to predict survival, functional recovery, and return to premorbid activities in patients with ICH. Methods: Pre-specified secondary analysis of the third intensive care bundle with blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral hemorrhage trial (INTERACT3), an international, multicenter, stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. Clinician perspectives on prognosis were collected at hospital admission and Day 7 (or before discharge). Prognosis questions were the likelihood of (i) survival at 48 h and 6 months, (ii) favorable functional outcome (recovery walking and self-care), and (iii) return to usual activities at 6 months. Clinician predictions were compared with actual outcomes. Results: Most clinician participants were from neurosurgery (75%) with a median of 8 working years (IQR 5–14) of experience. Of the 6,305 randomized patients who survived 48 h, 213 (3.4%) were predicted to die (positive predictive value [PPV] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–0.99). Of 5,435 patients who survived 6 months, 209 (3.8%) were predicted to die (PPV 0.93, 95% CI: 0.92–0.93). Predictions on the favorable functional outcome (PPV 0.54, 95% CI: 0.52–0.56) and satisfied ability to return to usual activities (PPV 0.50, 95% CI: 0.49–0.52) were poor. Prediction accuracy varied by working years and region of practice. Conclusions: In patients with ICH, clinician estimates of death are very good but conversely they are poor in predicting higher levels of functional recovery and activities.
Postnatal Outcomes of Fetal Variants of Unknown Significance in Prenatal Chromosomal Microarray Analysis: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Yin Lizhong , Wang Jing , Zhang Bin , Wang Wenli , Yu Bin
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) can identify clinically significant microdeletions and microduplications, providing valuable insights into the genetic basis of various disorders. Our study was to evaluate clinical management and prognosis of fetuses with prenatal variants of unknown significance (VOUS) and determine diagnostic approaches for subsequent pregnancies. Methods: This study included 2,953 fetuses undergoing CMA at the Prenatal Diagnostic Center of Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022, identifying 162 cases with VOUS. Parent-of-origin testing determined the origin of copy number variations. Prenatal genetic counseling was provided, and outcomes were followed for 3–36 months post-birth. Results: All 162 VOUS cases received prenatal genetic counseling. Among these, 123 continued the pregnancy; 22 chose termination, and 17 were lost to follow-up. Of the continuations, 116 delivered at term and 7 preterm. Post-birth follow-up showed 5/123 live-born fetuses developed relevant clinical phenotypes. Parent-of-origin testing in 21 cases identified 18 hereditary and 3 de novo variants. Additionally, five subsequent pregnancies were monitored, with two undergoing amniocentesis and three receiving low-risk noninvasive prenatal testing, all with positive outcomes. Conclusion: VOUS, occurring in approximately 5% of cases, require comprehensive prenatal genetic counseling and show generally favorable outcomes. Despite low association with adverse clinical phenotypes, the importance of postnatal follow-up and regular report updates is emphasized to detect potential clinical associations early.
Sudden Blast Crisis in a Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patient in Treatment-Free Remission: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liang Qiushi , Liu Zhigang , Wu Yu , Zhu Huanling , Yang Yunfan
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Treatment-free remission (TFR) has emerged as a new goal in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). TFR is considered a safe intervention because patients who experienced molecular relapse usually responded well to tyrosine kinase inhibitors resumption and regained molecular response quite efficiently. Nevertheless, there have been reports of occurrence of blast crisis during TFR. Case Presentation: We report a case of sudden lymphoid blast crisis in a CML patient who had been in TFR for 21 months without any prior molecular loss. Whole-exon sequencing identified a frameshift mutation of SETD2. In addition, we reviewed the current literature on cases of blast crisis in TFR. Only eleven cases of blast crisis have been reported among thousands of patients who discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, including our patient. Of these cases, nine presented with lymphoid blast crisis. Additional gene mutations are frequently observed. Conclusion: This case, along with others, emphasizes the necessity of implementing a long-term monitoring strategy following TKI discontinuation due to the potential for late onset of blast crisis. Systematic genetic studies in patients failing TFR should be properly carried out to further understand the mechanism and, eventually, to predict or prevent such adverse event in patients in TFR.
European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Individuals with Overweight or Obesity and Cancer
Authors: Muscogiuri Giovanna , Barrea Luigi , Bettini Silvia , El Ghoch Marwan , Katsiki Niki , Tolvanen Liisa , Verde Ludovica , Colao Annamaria , Busetto Luca , Yumuk Volkan Demirhan , Hassapidou Maria ,   on behalf of EASO Nutrition Working Group
Published: October 2024

Obesity, a prevalent and multifactorial disease, is linked to a range of metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and chronic inflammation. These imbalances not only contribute to cardiometabolic diseases but also play a significant role in cancer pathogenesis. The rising prevalence of obesity underscores the need to investigate dietary strategies for effective weight management for individuals with overweight or obesity and cancer. This European Society for the Study of Obesity (EASO) position statement aimed to summarize current evidence on the role of obesity in cancer and to provide insights on the major nutritional interventions, including the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), the ketogenic diet (KD), and the intermittent fasting (IF), that should be adopted to manage individuals with overweight or obesity and cancer. The MedDiet, characterized by high consumption of plant-based foods and moderate intake of olive oil, fish, and nuts, has been associated with a reduced cancer risk. The KD and the IF are emerging dietary interventions with potential benefits for weight loss and metabolic health. KD, by inducing ketosis, and IF, through periodic fasting cycles, may offer anticancer effects by modifying tumor metabolism and improving insulin sensitivity. Despite the promising results, current evidence on these dietary approaches in cancer management in individuals with overweight or obesity is limited and inconsistent, with challenges including variability in adherence and the need for personalized dietary plans.
Clinical Correlates and Prognostic Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From PARAGON-HF
Authors: Shen Li , Dewan Pooja , Ferreira João Pedro , Cunningham Jonathan W. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Anand Inder S. , Chandra Alvin , Chiang Lu-May , Claggett Brian , Desai Akshay S. , Gong Jianjian , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lefkowitz Martin P. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Martinez Felipe , Packer Milton , Redfield Margaret M. , Rouleau Jean L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Zannad Faiez , Zile Michael R. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cognitive impairment is common in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction but its clinical correlates and prognostic associations are poorly understood.

METHODS:

We analyzed cognitive function, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction enrolled in a prespecified substudy of the PARAGON-HF trial (Prospective Comparison of Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor With Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Global Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the variables associated with lower MMSE scores at baseline and postbaseline decline in MMSE scores at 48 weeks. Cox proportional hazards regression and semiparametric proportional rates models were used to examine the risk of clinical outcomes related to baseline MMSE scores, and decline in MMSE scores during follow-up, adjusted for prognostic variables including NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide).

RESULTS:

At baseline, cognitive function was normal (MMSE score 28–30) in 1809 of 2895 patients (62.5%), borderline (score 24–27) in 794 (27.4%), and impaired (score <24) in 292 (10.1%). Variables associated with both a lower MMSE score at baseline and a decline in score from baseline included older age, a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, and lower serum albumin. Compared with those with baseline MMSE scores of 28 to 30, patients in the lower MMSE score categories had a stepwise increase in the risk of the composite of time to first heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.27 (95% CI, 1.06–1.53) for those with scores of 24 to 27 and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.21–2.06) for those with scores <24, respectively. These associations were also found for the individual components of the composite and all-cause death. Likewise, cognitive impairment was associated with a 50% higher risk of total (first and repeat) heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular deaths. Examining the change in MMSE score from baseline, a decrease in MMSE score during follow-up was associated with a higher risk of death.

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, even modest baseline impairment of cognitive function was associated with worse outcomes, including death. A decline in MMSE score during follow-up was a strong predictor of mortality, independent of other prognostic variables.
Somatic
GNAQ
,
CTNNB1
, and
CACNA1C
Mutations in Cat Aldosterone-Secreting Tumors
Authors: Watson Alice , Syme Harriet , Brown Morris
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of human hypertension. Somatic mutations in
KCNJ5
,
CACNA1D
,
ATP1A1
, and
ATP2B3
are found in at least 80% of aldosterone-producing adenomas, which cause unilateral PA in humans. Somatic mutations have been identified infrequently in 7 other genes; few of these were known to play a role in aldosterone secretion before the discovery of their mutations. Interrogating somatic mutations in the domestic cat, in which spontaneous PA is also known to occur, might improve the understanding of normal adrenal gland physiology and the pathophysiology of PA.

METHODS:

DNA and RNA extracted from tissue from 13 cats with unilateral aldosterone-secreting tumors, including 8 carcinomas and 5 adenomas, underwent whole genome sequencing, targeted Sanger sequencing, and RNA sequencing. Single-nucleotide substitution variants were filtered to select those with a predicted deleterious effect on protein function and a suspected role in aldosterone secretion.

RESULTS:

Probable functional somatic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (n=8) were found in 3 adenomas and 2 carcinomas. Mutations with predicted significant effects were identified in 2 genes also mutated in human PA;
GNAQ
and
CTNNB1
, and in a residue of
CACNA1C
analogous to a common
CACNA1D
mutation. In contrast to humans,
CACNA1C
expression was much greater than
CACNA1D
in both feline tumor and nontumor adrenal tissue. No mutations were identified in
KCNJ5
,
CACNA1D
,
ATP1A1
, or
ATP2B3.

CONCLUSIONS:

Similar mutations were identified in cats to those found in humans. It is, therefore, likely that both species have shared underlying selection pressures for mutations that increase aldosterone secretion.
Perinatal Caffeine Administration Improves Outcomes in an Ovine Model of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia
Authors: Mike Jana K. , White Yasmine , Ha Janica , Iranmahboub Ariana , Hawkins Cheryl , Hutchings Rachel S. , Vento Christian , Manzoor Hadiya , Wang Aijun , Goudy Brian D. , Vali Payam , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Gobburu Jogarao V.S. , Long-Boyle Janel , Fineman Jeffrey R. , Ferriero Donna M. , Maltepe Emin
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries, where ≈96% of affected infants reside. The current standard of care, therapeutic hypothermia, is frequently ineffective in this setting, likely because injury may be occurring earlier during labor. Here, we studied the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of perinatal caffeine administration in near-term lambs following global ischemic injury to support the development of earlier treatment strategies targeting the fetus in utero as well as the infant postnatally.

METHODS:

Ewes were randomly assigned to receive either 1 g IV caffeine citrate or placebo before delivery and placental transport assessed. Near-term lambs (141–143 days) of both sexes were subjected to severe global hypoxia-ischemia utilizing an acute umbilical cord occlusion model. Lambs that received caffeine in utero also received 20 mg/kg IV caffeine citrate following resuscitation and 10 mg/(kg·d) IV for 2 days. An additional cohort received 60 mg/kg followed by 30 mg/(kg·d) (low dose versus high dose) postnatally. Biochemical, histological, and neurological outcome measures in lambs were assessed over a 6-day period.

RESULTS:

Perinatal caffeine administration demonstrated excellent placental transport kinetics and was well tolerated with lamb plasma levels comparable to those targeted in neonates with apnea of prematurity. Caffeine administration resulted in a systemic immunomodulatory effect, evidenced by significant reductions in proinflammatory IP-10 levels. Treated lambs demonstrated improved neurodevelopmental outcomes, while histological analysis revealed that caffeine reduced gray matter injury and attenuated inflammation in the cingulate and parasagittal cortex. This neuroprotective effect was greater and via a different mode of action than we previously reported for azithromycin. A higher caffeine dosing regimen demonstrated significant toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Perinatal caffeine administration is well tolerated, attenuates systemic and brain inflammation, and contributes to improvements in histological and neurological outcomes in an ovine model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Differentiation of MS lesions through analysis of microvascular distribution
Authors: Sundvall Linda , Mikkelsen Irene Klærke , Eskildsen Simon F. , Hjørringgaard Mette Madsen , Nygaard Mikkel , Rasmussen Peter Vestergaard , Petersen Thor , Østergaard Leif
Published: October 2024

Conventional MRI is crucial for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) but lacks precision, leading to the clinico-radiological paradox and misdiagnosis risk, especially when confronted with unspecific lesions not related to MS. Advancements in perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) with an algorithm designed for diseases with anticipated contrast agent extravasation offer insight into microvascular impairment and flow heterogeneity. Our study aimed to assess these factors in MS patients and their association with clinically relevant white matter injury and disease course. We evaluated 60 adults with white matter lesions (WML), including 50 diagnosed with MS or MS syndromes and 10 non-diseased symptomatic controls (SC) with unspecific WML. MRI included conventional three-dimensional (3D) T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR), 3D magnetization-prepared two rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MP2RAGE), post-contrast 3D T1-weighted (T1) images, and Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) PWI at 3T. WML masks of “unspecific T2-FLAIR lesions”, “MS T2-FLAIR lesions”, and “MS T1-lesions” were manually outlined and validated by a neuroradiologist. DSC-derived parameters were analyzed in WML masks and healthy-appearing tissue. MS T2-FLAIR lesions showed increased flow heterogeneity and vasodilation compared to unspecific T2-FLAIR lesions in SC, as well as compared to unspecific T2-FLAIR lesions within the MS group. MS T1-lesions exhibited more homogenized flow. Our findings suggest that DSC-PWI, combined with lesion delineation, can provide clinically relevant differentiation of MS lesions from unspecific WML, highlighting potential microvascular pathology previously overlooked in MS.
The Neural Specificity of Interference Resolution in Phonological, Semantic, and Visual Domains at Different Ages
Authors: Grégoire Coline , Attout Lucie , Phillips Christophe , Rifon Lucas , Hody Louis , Majerus Steve
Published: October 2024

The question of whether cognitive control is specific to certain domains or domain-general remains an extensively debated question at both cognitive and neural levels. This study examined the neural substrates associated with resistance to interference (RI) in phonological, semantic, and visual domains by using strictly matched tasks and determining the domain-general or domain-specific manner in which aging affects the neural substrates associated with RI. In an fMRI experiment, young and older participants performed a similarity judgment task with phonological, semantic, or visual interference buildup. For both age groups, domain-specific RI effects were observed at the univariate level, with increased involvement in the phonological domain of the right angular gyrus and the right lingual gyrus, in the semantic domain of the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, the bilateral superior parietal and angular gyri and the left middle temporal gyrus, and in the visual domain of the middle/superior frontal gyri and occipital gyri. At the multivariate level, although RI effects could be decoded from neural patterns in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus for all domains and age groups, between-domain prediction of RI conditions was associated with Bayesian evidence for the null hypothesis. This study supports the domain specificity of neural substrates associated with RI while stressing its age independency.
Molecular phylogenetic studies on Trigonella section Ellipticae (Trifolieae, Fabaceae) from India utilising nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA (trnL–trnF & petL–psbE)
Authors: MITTAL KHUSHBOO , DANGI RAKHEE , INGLE PRIYANKA , MALIK AKHTAR H.
Published: October 2024

This study highlights the critical importance of species delimitation in biodiversity conservation, focusing on the poorly understood Indian Trigonella species, with focus on T. sect. Ellipticae. Despite their ecological and socio-economic significance, these species, primarily found in the northwest Himalayas, have been inadequately catalogued and preserved. Adapted to harsh, dry environments, T. sect. Ellipticae exhibits morphological traits that complicate traditional species delimitation due to significant overlap among species boundaries. To address these challenges, we integrated molecular sequence data (nrDNA ITS and cpDNA (trnL–trnF & petL–psbE)) with morphological analysis, confirming the monophyly of Trigonella and revealing distinct evolutionary lineages within T. sect. Ellipticae. While nrDNA ITS sequences alone proved insufficient for resolving species relationships, phylogenetic investigations utilizing plastid data identified three distinct clades, enhancing taxonomic clarity. The study also suggests that observed morphological variations in T. cachemiriana may be due to phenotypic plasticity rather than distinct evolutionary lineages. We propose a new combination, T. emodi var. gracilis, to better represent the diversity within this group. Overall, this research underscores the necessity of combining molecular and morphological approaches for effective species delimitation, contributing to broader biodiversity conservation efforts in India, where many species remain inadequately catalogued. As the urgency for conservation increases, refining taxonomic frameworks is essential for ensuring that conservation strategies are based on accurate biological data.
Begonia tamoiana (Begoniaceae), a new species from Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: JACQUES ELIANE DE LIMA , MOONLIGHT PETER W. , SANTOS JUNIOR ALFREDO JOSE DOS
Published: October 2024

Begonia tamoiana is a new species endemic to Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, a biome rich in endemism and species diversity, and it is described and illustrated herein. Begonia tamoiana is morphologically similar to B. magdalenensis but differs in having abaxial leaf blades with simple trichomes throughout (vs. 2-branched trichomes throughout) and ovate wings capsule (vs. triangular). A description, ecological comments, illustrations, color photographs, and a provisional IUCN conservation assessment of this species are provided. Begonia tamoiana is preliminarily classified as Vulnerable (VU) due to its very small populations and restricted distribution.
Sinonasal Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumors Without Any Nasal Symptoms: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhu Jin-Yu , Li Yan-Qing , Yuan Hui
Published: October 2024

Objective:

We present a case of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) in the left ethmoid without any nasal symptoms in a 63-year-old woman. Initially diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis, 2-year history of hypophosphatemia and a significantly higher uptake of Fluorine-18 (18F)-AlF-NOTA-octreotide (18F-OC) in the left ethmoid sinus, provided crucial information for accurate diagnosis.

Methods:

We presented a case with chart review and conducted review of the literature.

Results:

The patient endured 1-year history of weakness and bone pain but without any nasal symptoms before a tissue diagnosis was eventually reached. It is a challenging diagnosis to make-patients present with non-specific clinical symptoms and the culprit neoplasm is often tiny in size and difficult to detect. It emphasizes the importance of thorough patient history-taking and the whole-body functional imaging.

Conclusions:

Sinonasal PMTs are rare, and because of this most otolaryngologists are unfamiliar with its clinical presentation. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis to enable prompt intervention and reduce the burden of associated symptoms.
Institutional Imprints and Corporate Misconduct: Unravelling the Interplay of Economic History and Firm Choices on Earnings Manipulation in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Popli Manish , Raithatha Mehul , Arora Punit
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of firms’ legacy institutional imprints on its engagement in corporate misconduct. We discover that a closed economic regime’s protectionist policies inscribe imprints in the form of opaque organizational routines and cause incumbent firms to develop competitive limitations. Utilizing the theoretical principles of the organizational imprinting theory, this research attests to the endurance of corruptive routines and argues that the degree of closed economy imprints increases firms’ engagement in income-increasing earnings management in the post-liberalization period. Furthermore, we find that the impact of imprints is weakened by firms’ choices on international exposure and internal innovation. By utilizing the historical data on Indian economic policies from 1956 to 1991 and analyzing a sample of 18,432 firm-year observations for 2,396 listed Indian manufacturing firms from 1997 to 2007, we find support for our hypotheses.
Racism, Attachment Styles, and Mental Health among Asian American Adolescents
Authors: Ahn Lydia HaRim , Atkin Annabelle L.
Published: October 2024

Theory suggests that a secure base can moderate the effects of racism on mental health outcomes among people of Color (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2022). Thus, the current study tested this hypothesis with a sample of 301 Asian American adolescents who completed a 25-minute online survey. Two hierarchical multiple regression models examined whether secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment with mothers and fathers moderated the link between racism and mental health. We found that when Asian American adolescents reported frequent experiences of racism, secure attachment with fathers was not enough to mitigate the effects of racism. Specifically, simple slopes indicated that at high and moderate levels of secure attachment with fathers, adolescents reported slightly better mental health with few racism experiences but indicated a slight decrease in mental health with frequent racism experiences. Findings highlight the importance of dismantling racial discrimination to support Asian American adolescents’ mental health.
School District Discourse Coalitions and Equity-Focused Policy Innovations in Oakland, California 2020–2021
Authors: Baral Mahua
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To better understand how district leaders at urban school districts innovate and design policies, this study investigated how actors in one district, Oakland Unified School District, discussed ways to improve their education system at school board meetings during 2020 and 2021. Approach: The research used a case study approach to develop a process of inquiry, drawing on theoretical literature on innovation in social fields, empirical work on urban education reforms, and methodological considerations from critical social analysis techniques. It used a variety of qualitative methods to identify critical policy issues and policy innovations, and examined the way actors in two coalitions, each with a different approach to change, used discourse to convey their ideologies about racial equity and justice. Findings: District actors collaboratively designed and passed five innovative policies: school safety, remote learning, climate change, Black reparations, and mental health. While one group, the incumbent discourse coalition, focused attention on fiscal stability and closing underperforming schools, another, the challenger discourse coalition, conveyed strategies on improving schools and surrounding communities through new education policies. Though unexpected crises expedited innovation, the perspectives of the dominant culture were most privileged in the final designs of resolutions. Implications: By using broad theories and generalizable concepts this study shows how discourse in policymaking can be examined in other settings and illustrates ways similar school districts may innovate in their systems.
Has the Anti-Corruption Campaign Decreased Environmental Pollution? Evidence from China
Authors: Quan Sifan
Published: October 2024

Whether anti-corruption efforts help reduce environmental pollution is a hot topic in academia. This paper analyzes the impact of anti-corruption on the emissions of environmental pollutants using panel data from 31 provinces (municipalities) in China from 2015 to 2022. By using the 2018 supervision system reform as an exogenous policy shock, a Difference-in-Differences (DID) model is employed to examine the impact of the anti-corruption campaign on environmental pollutant emissions. The results show that the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures has strengthened over time, especially after the 2018 system reform, although these reforms exhibit a lag effect before significantly reducing pollution levels. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis indicates that due to the high-pollution, high-energy-consumption industrial structure, the pollution reduction effect of anti-corruption measures is more pronounced in resource-based provinces than in non-resource-based provinces. Our findings emphasize the importance of strengthening anti-corruption measures and establishing a sound legal framework to effectively curb corruption and enhance environmental protection.
How Socioeconomic Status Shapes Food Preferences and Perceptions
Authors: Andretti Bernardo , Vieites Yan , Elmor Larissa , Andrade Eduardo B.
Published: October 2024

This article assesses the extent to which consumers from the opposite poles of the socioeconomic distribution weigh three critical food attributes (healthiness, fillingness, and taste), how they perceive the associations among them, and how differences in weights and associations influence food preferences. The results of a series of eight preregistered studies in a highly unequal environment (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) show that low- (vs. high-) socioeconomic-status consumers are more likely to (a) choose unhealthy items even when supply-side factors (e.g., affordability and accessibility) are controlled by design, (b) trade healthiness for fillingness (but not taste), and (c) display stronger negative associations between the attributes (“healthy = less filling” and “healthy = less tasty”). These findings highlight the importance of a deeper understanding of the psychological differences in food preferences and perceptions and the use of such insights to design interventions aimed at mitigating nutritional inequality. In line with this rationale, the final set of studies shows that, albeit not a trivial task, it is possible to increase healthy food choices among disadvantaged consumers by enhancing the perceived fillingness of the healthy options available. Managerial and policy implications are discussed.
Color Me Effective: The Impact of Color Saturation on Perceptions of Potency and Product Efficacy
Authors: Labrecque Lauren I. , Sohn Stefanie , Seegebarth Barbara , Ashley Christy
Published: October 2024

Consumers use observable cues, like color, to help them evaluate products. This research establishes that consumers infer greater product efficacy from higher color saturation across seven lab experiments (n = 2,745), a web scraping study, and a field experiment. The studies provide evidence that this belief stems from learned associations between color saturation and potency and is applied to both consumable and durable products. Moreover, consumers overgeneralize this intuition beyond a product's actual color to a product's packaging color and the background color used in its advertisements. Two studies support the proposed process with evidence via moderation, while another study identifies consumption goal as a boundary condition, such that high saturation decreases perceived efficacy and purchase intent when consumers search for a gentle (vs. strong) product. The effect is not limited to prepurchase perceptions but also influences perceptions after actual product use. The effect is established across six hues while holding color lightness constant and has multiple downstream consequences, including purchase intent and consumption amount. The findings have implications for marketers who make product design choices like color choices for products, their packaging, and advertisements, and in instances where consumers may be harmed from underuse or overuse.
Digital economy and green transformation of regional industries: New insights from sustainability
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Huang Jiqiang , Zheng Kengcheng , Liu Baoliu
Published: October 2024

Studying the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions in the distribution industry is of great significance for realizing sustainable development goals and coping with climate change. This study finds that increasing the level of digital economy development can reduce the carbon emission intensity of the circulation industry through fixed-effects modeling. Moreover, the effect is different in different geographic regions, and the improvement of the digital economy development level in the east and central regions can significantly reduce the carbon emission intensity of the distribution industry. The digital economy can simultaneously reduce the carbon emission intensity of the circulation industry by reducing the degree of labor factor mismatch in the circulation industry and improving the regional green innovation capacity. Therefore, in order to promote the green development of the distribution industry, it is also necessary to make efforts to improve the construction of network infrastructure, accelerate the process of research and development and cultivation of green technology, and break down the barriers of cross-regional mobility of talents.
‘Tea Tribe’ or ‘Scheduled Tribe’?: Vexed Adivasi Identity in Assam
Authors: Lakra Bipasha Rosy
Published: October 2024

The Adivasi communities in Assam—Oraons, Mundas, Khariyas, Santals and Gonds—originally 19th century-migrant tea plantation workers from middle India, are locally called ‘tea-tribes’, or chah jonogoshti in Assamese. While their counterparts in the original place have been listed as Scheduled Tribes since 1950, they are categorised as Other Backward Classes. Like other Adivasis, the Assam Adivasis claim that they are the indigenous people of India and should be recognised so in the adopted home of Assam. The local tribal groups and others, while conceding that the Adivasis are tribe originally, resist the claim on the plea that they alone are the sons of the soil of the region. Adivasi settlers’ contribution to the making of modern Assam is disregarded and they are construed as migrant intruders. This article discusses the political overtone of claim and counterclaim since the beginning of the ‘scheduling’ of the Indian tribe in 1950. It outlines how the ‘scheduling’ method successively disqualified the Assam Adivasis’ claim. The politics of denial by the local groups in Assam has assumed militant arrogance, resulting in violence against the Adivasis.
Paradox of Tribal Integration Amidst Resistance: A Study of Bakarwals in Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Dar Hilal Ahmad , Wani Zahoor Ahmad
Published: October 2024

The article examines how the Bakarwal, a Scheduled Tribe in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), has survived the double paradox of being both a marginalised community and the inhabitants of a sensitive border region. Traditionally, the Bakarwals are transhumance pastoralists and have had limited access to education, healthcare and other basic amenities. While government interventions represent a pivotal transition in their day-to-day lives, they are vulnerable to exploitation by influential proprietors and vested interests, perpetuating a complex web of social dynamics. The article argues that a stark disconnect exists between the policies projected by the government and the ground-level realities faced by the Bakarwals. Adopting the theoretical framework on everyday resistance, the article explicates the Bakarwals’ ambivalence about state-led development initiatives intended to facilitate their transition from transhumance nomadism to sedentism.
Land, Forest, Adivasis, and the Making of New Resource Frontiers
Authors: Kindo Nikas
Published: October 2024

This article examines the growing bauxite mining activities aimed at extracting aluminum ore in the Netharhat Valley, located in the Gumla and Latehar districts of Jharkhand. Adivasis share an inseparable relationship with land and forest, which play a vital role in shaping their identity and social structure. However, the introduction of new mining frontiers has ushered in persistent extraction challenges in Adivasi’s life. Although capitalist varied interests promise Adivasis for development imperatives and their chance to uplift themselves through mining, the outcomes are both complex and multifaceted. The current situation is marked by complexity as the introduction of the new mining frontiers has skewed the balance. The article illustrates the diverse consequences of extensive mining on the Adivasis and their diminishing control over land and forests. It illustrates the varying stances on the issue of mining, and their differing opinions have created divisions among the villagers based on class, economic priorities and market opportunities. The introduction of new resource frontiers has weakened village egalitarianism and institutions, allowing for mining capitalism to penetrate the Adivasi heartlands.
When Disagreement Becomes Uncivil on Social Media: The Role of Passive Receiving and Active Expression of Incivility in Influencing Political Polarization
Authors: Chen Hsuan-Ting , Song Yunya , Guo Jing
Published: October 2024

Exposure to cross-cutting viewpoints may not always play the deliberative role it is supposed to. This study uses both panel survey and social media data to examine how disagreement can trigger incivility, including exposure to and expression of incivility, and further elicit emotions and influence polarization. Results from the two-wave panel survey indicate that cross-cutting exposure has a polarizing effect first through promoting exposure to uncivil messages and expression of uncivil opinions, then through negative emotions. Notably, cross-cutting exposure can indirectly reduce polarization by first encouraging expression of uncivil opinions and then eliciting positive emotions, highlighting the importance of active expression. Analysis of data from the Hong Kong-based discussion forum HKDisc demonstrates that cross-cutting exposure is positively related to exposure to uncivil messages, and exposure to and expression of incivility predict polarization regardless of whether positive or negative emotions are detected in the uncivil content. This study provides empirical evidence of the effects of cross-cutting exposure and incivility on polarization at the individual and collective levels.
Ring-Enhancement on CEUS: Is it Useful in the Differential Diagnosis of Solid Thyroid Nodules?
Authors: Li Tingting , Mao Lijuan , Wang Xi , Li Cuixian , Dong Caihong , Wu Wenqing , Wang Hantao , Lu Qing
Published: October 2024

To investigate the efficiency of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features, particularly ring-enhancement patterns, in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. 302 nodules with CEUS ring-enhancement were retrospectively enrolled, including 135 benign and 167 malignant ones. The ring-enhancement patterns were classified into regular and irregular hyper- or hypo-ring enhancement. Comparative analyses of ultrasound (US) and CEUS features between benign and malignant nodules were performed. The diagnostic performances of the ring-enhancement patterns and Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS) were compared in nodules with different sizes. Irregular hypo-ring enhancement was much more common in malignancies than that in benign ones, and it was an independent predictor for thyroid malignant nodules. With irregular hypo-ring enhancement as the diagnostic criteria for malignant nodules, the specificity was higher than that of C-TIRADS (85.2% vs. 75.6%, p = .037) while the AUC was comparable (0.845 vs. 0.803, p = .136) in all nodules. When the nodule size was taken into account, the specificity and AUC were both significantly higher than those of C-TIRADS (92.8% vs. 81.1%, p = .021; 0.907 vs. 0.823, p = .026) in nodules ≥10 mm, which can decrease the unnecessary FNA rate. Irregular hypo-ring enhancement was a valuable CEUS feature for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules, especially in nodules ≥10 mm.
Barriers and Facilitators to Adopting a Systematic, Proactive, Evidence-Informed Technical Assistance System
Authors: Lamont Andrea E. , Watson Amber , Cook Brittany S. , Romero Andrew , Schalter Kellen , Nellis Abigail , Clark Kristina , Domlyn Ariel , Wandersman Abraham
Published: October 2024

This article describes (a) key elements of a high-quality technical assistance (TA) system; (b) the operationalization of a high-quality TA system (Getting To Outcomes-Technical Assistance; GTO-TA) being implemented in a training and TA center (TTAC) interested in transforming its support services to include an evidence-informed approach to TA; and (c) key lessons learned in successfully transitioning from “TA-as-usual” to an evidence-informed TA system. GTO-TA is one operationalization of a systematic, proactive, evidence-informed approach to TA. GTO-TA includes best practices and core elements for a comprehensive TA system; it aims to increase the readiness (reduce barriers and increase facilitators) of an organization to deliver an innovation (program, policy, practice, and process new to an organization) with quality. We describe the collaboration between the Wandersman Center and the Geographic Health Equity Alliance team to co-design and implement the GTO-TA system. Data from surveys, interviews, and consensus conversations led to important lessons learned, which are applicable to other TTACs seeking to develop a more proactive and systematic approach to TA. Lessons include: changing internal operations to facilitate TA providers making necessary changes in providing TA and understanding the relative advantage perceptions about a new TA system that influence adoption and must be considered.
Impact of preoperative computed tomography scan on neurological outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting patients: A propensity-score analysis
Authors: Cefarelli Mariano , Malvindi Pietro Giorgio , Bifulco Olimpia , Buratto Beatrice , Berretta Paolo , Zingaro Carlo , Capestro Filippo , Pierri Michele Danilo , Alfonsi Jacopo , D’Alfonso Alessandro , Di Eusanio Marco
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Neurological complications pose significant risks in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study explores the potential benefits of preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) in optimizing outcomes and reducing neurological events in high-risk CABG patients.

Methods

From January 2017 to June 2023, a retrospective cohort study of CABG patients categorized groups based on preoperative chest CT use. Multivariate analysis evaluated the associations between CT imaging and patient characteristics, followed by propensity match analysis to balance preoperative features across groups.

Results

The study included 1786 patients, with 435 having undergone preoperative CT and 1351 without. Propensity matching created two well-balanced groups of 413 patients each. At multivariate analysis, CT patients were elderly (71.1 ± 8.9 years; p = 0.03) with a higher incidence of pulmonary disease (19.5%; p < 0.01), peripheral arterial disease (29.2%; p < 0.01), and previous cerebrovascular disease (23.4%; p = 0.02). In the matched CT cohort, the perioperative cerebral stroke rate was 0.7% (vs. 1.9% in without preoperative CT [WCT] cohort; p = 0.223), and the 30-day mortality rate was 0.2% (vs. 1.7% in WCT cohort; p = 0.069). Patients who had a preoperative CT study presented a higher prevalence of porcelain aorta (6.3% vs. 1.5%; p = 0.0003) and required more often a no-touch aorta procedure (20.3% vs. 14.5%; p = 0.035).

Conclusions

Patients undergoing preoperative chest CT before CABG were typically older and had systemic atherosclerosis and pulmonary disease. Propensity-matched analysis indicated low mortality and perioperative cerebral stroke rates in these high-risk patients. These findings support the integration of chest CT into preoperative evaluations for high-risk patients to develop tailored strategies in coronary artery bypass surgery.