bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auditory perceptual learning depends on temporal regularity and certainty
Authors: Dauer Tysen Drew , Henry Molly J. , Herrmann Bjorn
Published: September 2021

Detecting and learning structure in sounds is fundamental to human auditory perception. Evidence for auditory perceptual learning comes from previous studies where listeners were better at detecting repetitions of a short noise snippet embedded in longer, ongoing noise when the same snippet recurred across trials compared to when the snippet was novel in each trial. However, previous work has mainly used (a) temporally regular presentations of the repeating noise snippet and (b) highly predictable inter-trial onset timings for the snippet sequences. As a result, it is unclear how these temporal features affect perceptual learning. In five online experiments, participants judged whether or not a repeating noise snippet was present, unaware that the snippet could be unique to that trial or used in multiple trials. In two experiments, temporal regularity was manipulated by jittering the timing of noise-snippet repetitions within a trial. In two subsequent experiments, temporal onset certainty was manipulated by varying the onset time of the entire snippet sequence across trials. We found that both temporal jittering and onset uncertainty reduced auditory perceptual learning. In addition, we observed that these reductions in perceptual learning were ameliorated when the same snippet occurred in both temporally manipulated and unmanipulated trials. Our study demonstrates the importance of temporal regularity and onset certainty for auditory perceptual learning.
Implementasi Music Therapy Sebagai Teknik Khusus Konseling
Authors: Amalia Cindy
Published: September 2021

Music therapy sebagai teknik khusus artinya penggunaan teknik music therapy tak pernah berdiri sendiri melainkan terintegrasi dengan sebuah pedekatan konseling yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan konseli. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memperkuat teknik yang ada pada pendekatan yang dipakai. Studi dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur mengenai implementasi music therapy sebagai teknik khusus konseling. Hasilnya ternyata penelitian mengenai implementasi music therapy sudah banyak dilakukan dan terbukti dapat digunakan sebagai teknik konseling.
ChiCo: A Multimodal Corpus for the Study of Child Conversation
Authors: Bodur Kubra , Nikolaus Mitja , Kassim Fatima , Prévot Laurent , Fourtassi Abdellah
Published: September 2021

The study of how children develop their conversational skills is an important scientific frontier at the crossroad of social, cognitive, and linguistic development with important applications in health, education, and child-oriented AI. While recent advances in machine learning techniques allow us to develop formal theories of conversational development in real-life contexts, progress has been slowed down by the lack of corpora that both approximate naturalistic interaction and provide clear access to children’s non-verbal behavior in face-to-face conversations. This work is an effort to fill this gap. We introduce ChiCo (for Child Conversation), a corpus we built using an online video chat system. Using a weakly structured task (a word-guessing game), we recorded 20 conversations involving either children in middle childhood (i.e., 6 to 12 years old) interacting with their caregivers (condition of interest) or the same caregivers interacting with other adults (a control condition), resulting in 40 individual recordings. Our annotation of these videos has shown that the frequency of children’s use of gaze, gesture, and facial expressions mirrors that of adults. Future modeling research can capitalize on this rich behavioral data to study how both verbal and non-verbal cues contribute to the development of conversational coordination
Science Abstract Model Simulation Framework
Authors: Abdol Amir Masoud , Wicherts Jelte M.
Published: September 2021

Meta-researchers increasingly study biases in quantitative study outcomes (effect sizes) that emerge from questionable research practices (QRPs) in designing, running, analyzing, and reporting studies. Here, we introduce an extensible and modular C++ simulation framework called SAM (Science Abstract Model) that enables systematic study of the effects of QRPs and researchers’ degrees of freedom (p-hacking) on a host of outcomes across the different phases of quantitative studies that test hypotheses. SAM achieves this by modular modelling of different entities and processes involved in research, from study designs and inferential criteria, the data collection and analyses, to the submission and acceptance of manuscripts in a journal. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach by reproducing and extending the Bakker, van Dijk, and Wicherts (2012) simulation study that investigated the effects of various p-hacking methods and publication bias on meta-analytic outcomes. We showcase how SAM’s modularity and flexibility makes it possible to easily examine the original study by modifying, adding, or removing different components— e.g., publication bias, different significance levels, or meta-analytic metrics. We focus our illustration on the fundamental question of whether lowering alpha will reduce the biases in the scientific literature.
Australian Information Commission v Facebook Inc: Substituting the Hague Service Convention during the Pandemic
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

Recently, in Australian Information Commission v Facebook Inc ([2020] FCA 531), the Federal Court of Australia (‘FCA’) addresses substituted service and the Hague Service Convention in the contexts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article seeks to discuss this important case in relation to whether defendants located outside of Australia in a Hague Convention state can be served by substituted service instead of following the Convention.
Inequality in Life Lost to Violence in the United States
Authors: Roehrkasse Alexander F.
Published: September 2021

This study uses demographic methods to describe ethnoracial and educational inequality in the cumulative risk of homicide death and life lost to violence in the United States. If age-specific homicide rates were to continue at 2018–2019 levels, more than 1 in 19 Black males without a high school diploma would die by homicide. In contrast, 1 in 152 White males without a high school diploma and 1 in 233 Black males with a bachelor's degree would be violently killed. Among Black males without a high school diploma, homicide led to a decrease in life expectancy at ages 15–19 of more than two years. The impact of U.S. violence on the life expectancy of socially marginalized people exceeds the population impact of all causes of death except heart disease and cancer.
Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in China: Breakthrough and Trend
Authors: Huang Jie
Published: September 2021

Chinese Civil Procedure Law (CPL) provides that foreign judgments can be recognised and enforced according to reciprocity if no treaty is applicable. However, although Chinese judgments have been recognised and enforced in many countries without a treaty, China had never reciprocated before 2016. Since 2016, Chinese courts unprecedentedly recognised and enforced foreign monetary judgments based on de facto reciprocity. This spurs rich literature with mixed views about the future direction of reciprocity-based judicial recognition and enforcement (JRE) in China. This post aims to add to the current debate from two aspects. First, it tries to answer the doubts in contemporary literature about whether the two foreign judgments recognised and enforced in 2016 and 2017 are fortuitous. Second, it addresses the question of what the trend of the Chinese reciprocity-based JRE law might be.
Acculturation and decoupling processes on attitudes towards gay marriage: A survey study in Denmark and the Netherlands among Russian Christian and Turkish Muslim migrants
Authors: Renema Jeanette A J , van Klingeren Marijn
Published: September 2021

Within Europe, migrants are often the subject of societal debate, stressing the incompatibility of outside cultures with so-called Western values. Through Social Identity Theory we investigate how first-generation migrants adapt their attitudes towards gay marriage. We compare Turkish Muslim to Russian Orthodox Christians. Adaptation processes (acculturation and decoupling) are investigated in both migrant groups in the Dutch and Danish context, in light of degree of religiousness and home-country connectivity. Our results indicate that adaptation takes place through a decoupling mechanism both for Turkish Muslim and Russian Orthodox with regards to the degree of religiousness. Meaning that those who have been in the receiving country longer are more likely to adapt their attitudes, regardless of their religiousness. This process appears much slower among Turkish Muslims than among Russian Orthodox Christians.
#JusticeforGeorgeFloyd: How Instagram Facilitated the 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests
Authors: Chang Ho-Chun Herbert , Richardson Allissa , Ferrara Emilio
Published: September 2021

We present and analyze 1.13 million public Instagram posts during the Black Lives Matter protests of 2020, which erupted in response to George Floyd’s public murder by police on May 25. Our aim is to understand the growing role of visual media, through a comprehensive view of the spatial (where) and temporal (when) dynamics, the visual and textual content (what), and the user communities (who) that drove the social movement. Using network and time-series analysis, results reveal New York, California, and Minnesota evolved as the epicenters of online social interaction. Our results also make two theoretical contributions. Social movements traditionally typologize posts as discrete instances of mobilization, organization, or conversation. The semantic analysis of 1.69 million photos show these functions are folded together visually. Second, we discuss how pre-existing meme groups and international organizations stood in solidarity to critically assist information dissemination. Together, these analyses demonstrate the precarious nature of protest journalism, and how international content creators, journalists, and everyday users co-evolved with social media to report on one of America’s largest-ever human rights movements.
Political Agency, Oversight, and Bias: The Instrumental Value of Politicized Policymaking
Authors: Turner Ian R
Published: September 2021

We develop a theory of policymaking between an agent and an overseer, with a principal whose welfare is affected by agent-overseer interactions. The agent can increase the quality of policy outcomes through costly capacity investments. Oversight and agent bias jointly determine optimal agent capacity investments. We show that when oversight improves agent investment incentives the principal always benefits from an agent with biases opposite the overseer. Competing agent-overseer biases translate into higher quality policy outcomes than the principal could induce were she monitoring the agent. Effective oversight is necessary for these incentive effects. The results imply that political principals ought to consider the nature of the broader policymaking environment when appointing agents to make policy on their behalf and when designing managerial strategies aimed at motivating agents.
Informality, innovation, and knowledge co-creation: characterising collaborative creativity and adaptation in rural development
Authors: Tasker Alex
Published: September 2021

This article characterises informal knowledge creation and co-creation between development and pastoralist actors, drawing on qualitative data gathered during an in-depth case study in Northern Kenya. Using thematic analysis, this article identifies three intersecting narratives: knowledge and exchange, barriers and drivers, and risk and uncertainty. These concepts are interpreted using wider literature on knowledge dynamics and co-creation to evaluate the suitability of existing analytical frameworks for further research on pastoralist development. The study results highlight the value of cross-cultural informal knowledge co-creation for pastoralist development, and the need for more robust future research.
CONCEPTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN ECOLOGY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW DIMENSIONS: BEFORE AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   INION RAN, Umnova-Konyukhova I.A.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes modern understanding of the concepts of sustainable development, human ecology and quality of life in the scientific doctrine and practice of international and national law. Their interpretations in the environmental law dimension before and after the COVID-19 pandemic are evaluated.
The Burnout Level of Beginner Athlete
Authors:   Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia, Darisman Eka Kurnia , Maksum Ali ,   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia, Priambodo Anung ,   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

Burnout is a psychological syndrome that has the main characteristics of emotion fatigue, depersonalization, and a decrease in achievement. This condition of burnout can arise when they have little free time for their lives. In the end, they concerned will feel unpleasant feelings an increasingly stressed when confronted again by the same activity continuously. As a beginner athlete must feel that the sport is fun, if not it will slowly show symptoms of burnout that can affect the development of the novice athlete. If not, they will slowly leave all the activities carried out so far. This study, using a questionnaire as the main instrument to collect data. The questionnaire used was a closed questionnaire and was distributed to 100 beginner athlete from 10 sports specialisation of East Java. From the questionnaire collected, data obtained of 45% of athlete experienced symptoms of low burnout level and 55% experienced symptoms of moderate burnout level. Burnout can be overcome in 5 ways namely increasing self awareness, balancing breaks and activities, choosing activities that are in accordance with the plan, seeking support from the immediate environment, and practicing mental training techniques
Efficacy of Suboccipital Release and Stabilization Exercise Training in Type 1 Chiari Malformation Patient Undergoing Surgical Treatment: A Case Report
Authors:   PT, MSc, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara/Turkey, Aslıyüce Yasemin Özel , Ülger Özlem ,   PT, Prof. Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara/Turkey
Published: September 2021

In Chiari malformation, some symptoms are known to recur after decompression surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case for symptomatic outcome after suboccipital release and stabilization exercises the patient with type 1 Chiari malformation who has experienced surgery. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of suboccipital release and stabilization exercise training in a patient with Type 1 Chiari Malformation undergoing surgical treatment. A 47- year-old female patient with Chiari malformation received suboccipital release and stabilization exercise training for 10 weeks. Her symptomatic parameters were evaluated, such as pain, grip and pinch strength, deep cervical flexor strength, balance and gait. After the treatment, there were improvements in pain perception, the score of performance index of deep cervical muscles, grip force, static balance and gait parameters. Suboccipital oscillation and stabilization exercises are thought to be safe and effective in patients with Chiari malformation undergoing decompression surgery
Drug utilisation pattern of antihistamines in upper respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients
Authors: Bharati Jyoti Prabha , Ulak Sanjay , Keshari Aniket , Acharya Anna
Published: September 2021

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are the most common infections in the paediatric population leading to health care consultations. Antihistamines are commonly prescribed medicines in children.
Objectives: This study attempted to assess the current prescription patterns of antihistamines used in the treatment of URTIs.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient paediatric department of Kathmandu Medical College from January 2020 to April 2021. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. A convenient sampling technique was used. The data were collected from the outpatient department prescription card into a suitably designed proforma. Drug use indicator developed by the World Health Organisation for Rational Use of Drugs was utilised. Data were analysed using SPSS v.20.
Results: Data from prescriptions of 345 patients aged less than 14 years were collected from the paediatric outpatient department of KMCTH. The most common condition was common cold (132, 38.26%). Most commonly prescribed antihistamines were Fexofenadine (156, 45.21%). Average number of drugs per prescription was 2.31. The total number of drugs prescribed by generic name was 128 (16%). Antibiotics made its place in prescriptions 279 (34.96%) times. No parenteral medication was used and 140 (17.5 %) of all drugs prescribed were from the National List of Essential Medicines.
Conclusion: Antihistamines, mostly second generation, were commonly prescribed in URTIs in paediatric patients. Majority of WHO indicators were within normal limits while some needed marked improvement. Different programmes can be implemented for improvement in prescribing patterns and promotion of rational drug use.
High Temperature Sliding of TiC Based Hardmetal Coatings Against TWIP Steel
Authors: Varga M. , Janka L. , Rodríguez Ripoll M. , Berger L.-M. , Thiele S. , Matikainen V. , Vuoristo P. , Janka L. , Hamouda H. Ben
Published: September 2021

Manufacturing of steel components is often done at high temperatures (HT) posing a serious challenge to components such as forming tools. Thermal spray coatings provide a cost-effective solution for surface protection under HT, corrosive environments and severe wear conditions. Thermally sprayed coatings based on cubic hard materials such as TiC and TiCN can provide an alternative to widely used Cr3C2-NiCr. While the latter possess a superb oxidation resistance and wear resistance at HT, they are prone to degradation in the presence of Mn, an element commonly alloyed in many modern steel grades such as TWIP (twinning-induced plasticity steel). In this study, a (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-29% Ni hardmetal feedstock powder was prepared by agglomeration and sintering. Coatings were deposited using a high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) spray process. The coating was benchmarked against a standard Cr3C2-NiCr coating obtained with the same spray process. Our work comprises analyses of the feedstock powder along with the resulting coating microstructure after deposition and heat treatment. Further, the HT sliding behavior against TWIP steel using a HT pin-on-disc tribometer at 700°C was investigated. The results showed a clear benefit of the TiCN-based coating, with almost no wear detected, while the Cr3C2-coating showed a significant wear loss. Based on these results, the TiCN-based coating is regarded as potential solution for prospective forming applications of modern high Mn steels, such as TWIP.
Oxidation Behavior of Coating Alloy CoCrMoSi and CoCrMoNiSi in Superheated Steam at 800˚C
Authors: Xiao Bingjie , Huang Xiao , Yao Matthew
Published: September 2021

As steam power plants continue to move towards higher operating temperatures in order to improve efficiency, materials exposed to the working fluid are subjected to accelerated degradations in the forms of surface oxidation and reduced mechanical properties. In this study, the oxidation behavior of two cobalt base alloys, CoCrMoSi (T14) and CoCrNiMoSi (T19), was evaluated in superheated steam (SHS, 0.1MPa) at 800 °C for up to 500 hours. After the exposure, both T14 and T19 alloys experienced weight gain caused by oxidation. Visual observation and SEM surface analysis revealed that T19 had greater extent of surface oxide spallation than that seen on T14. From the cross-sectional evaluation, however, a thin, adherent oxide layer was found to have formed on T19. T14 in fact had suffered from excessive internal oxidation and the surface oxide was uneven. Based on the results obtained so far, it is believed that the finer Laves phase combined with greater amount of Cr in alloy T19 have enabled the formation of a protective oxide layer and thus reduced the extent of internal oxidation. Due to the extensive oxidation ingress along the large Laves phase, it is concluded that T14 is not suitable for applications in SHS at 800 °C.
Influence of Ultrasonic Sealing Treatment with Aluminum Phosphate on Properties of Al2O3-TiO2 Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coating
Authors: Van Tuan Nguyen , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Thi Phuong Nguyen , Thi Ha Pham , Thi Ly Pham , Quoc Cuong Ly , Bich Thuy Hoang Thi , Vu Duong , Thu Quy Le
Published: September 2021

Thermally sprayed Al2O3-TiO2 ceramic coatings provide exceptional hardness and corrosion and wear resistance, but the high velocities at which they are applied result in an inherently porous structure that requires some type of remediation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ultrasonic aluminum phosphate sealing treatments on plasma sprayed Al2O3-40TiO2 ceramic coatings. The sealants were applied with and without ultrasonication (20-40 kHz) and were assessed using SEM/EDX analysis, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Test data indicate that optimum sealing, corresponding to the highest values of corrosion protection and erosion resistance, are achieved under ultrasonication at 30 kHz for 5 hours.
Sealing Treatment of Plasma Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr/Al2O3-TiO2 Coating by Aluminum Phosphate Sealant Containing Al2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Van Tuan Nguyen , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Thi Ha Pham , Thi Ly Pham , Nguyen Phuong , Bich Thuy Hoang Thi , Van Trung Trinh , Vu Duong , Thu Quy Le
Published: September 2021

A typical structure of thermal spray coatings consisted of molten particles, semi-molten particles, oxides, pores and cracks. These factors caused the porosity of sprayed coatings, leading to a great influence on the coating properties, especially their wear-corrosion resistance. In this study, a post-spray sealing treatment of Cr3C2-NiCr/Al2O3-TiO2 plasma sprayed coatings was carried out, then their corrosion properties were evaluated, before and after the treatment. For sealing process, aluminum phosphate (APP) containing aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (~10 nm) was used. The permeability of APP into the sprayed coating was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The treatment efficiency for porosity and corrosion resistance of sprayed coatings were evaluated by electrochemical measurements, such as the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the wear-corrosion resistance of the sealed coating was examined in 3.5 wt.% NaCl circulation solution containing 0.25 wt.% SiO2 particles. The obtained results showed that APP penetrated deeply through the sprayed coating. The incorporation of Al2O3 nanoparticles into APP sealant enhanced the treatment efficiency of porosity for sprayed coating. The effect of the post-treatment on corrosion protection of the sprayed coating has been discussed.
Plasma-Sprayed (Bi2O3)0.705 (Er2O3)0.245 (WO3)0.05 Electrolyte for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT-SOFCs)
Authors: Chen Rui , Li Cheng-Xin , Li Chang-Jiu
Published: September 2021

Stabilized bismuth oxide with fluorite structure is considered a promising electrolyte material for intermediate temperature solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to its high oxygen ion conductivity. The ternary system, Bi2O3-Er2O3-WO3, is of particular interest because it is ionically conductive as well as thermally stable. This study investigates the quality of Bi2O3-Er2O3-WO3 (EWSB) electrolyte produced by plasma spraying. The phase structure and cross-sectional microstructure of plasma-sprayed EWSB were characterized by XRD and SEM. The as-sprayed EWSB was found to have a dense microstructure with well bonded lamellae. XRD analysis showed the formation of EWSB with δ-phase and a trace of β-phase, while the β-phase disappeared after annealing at 750°C for 10h. Electrical property tests revealed that the plasma-sprayed electrolyte also had excellent ionic conductivity (0.26 S cm-1 at 750 °C), making it a strong candidate for use in SOFCs at intermediate temperatures.
Numerical Reconstruction of Porous Architecture for Suspension Plasma Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Zhao Yongli , Yang Zhimeng , Wen Juhong , Planche Marie-Pierre , Peyraut François , Ilavsky Jan , Lenoir Bertrand , Liao Hanlin , Montavon Ghislain , Lasalle Audrey , Allimant Alain
Published: September 2021

The porous architecture of coatings has a significant influence on the coating performances and thus should be properly designed for the intended applications. For simulating the coating properties, it is necessary to determine the numerical representation of the coating microstructure. In this study, YSZ coatings were manufactured by suspension plasma spray (SPS). Afterwards, the porous architecture of as-prepared coatings was investigated by the combination of three techniques, imaging analysis, Ultra Small Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS), and X-ray transmission. A microstructural model for reconstructing the porous architecture of the SPS coating was subsequently computed according to the collected experimental results. Finally, the coating thermal properties were simulated based on the model and were compared with the experimental results.
Hybrid Plasma Spraying —Discovering the Effects of Deposition Parameters
Authors: Tesar Tomas , Musalek Radek , Medricky Jan , Cizek Jan , Lukac Frantisek , Chraska Tomas , Dudik Jonas
Published: September 2021

Hybrid plasma spraying is emerging as the next potential technology leap in thermal spraying. The combination of high throughput and deposition rates of coatings sprayed from powders with the tailored functionality of liquid-feedstock sprayed coatings appears highly promising for a wide range of applications. Moreover, possible refined mixtures of different materials come readily with the utilization of multiple feedstocks with varying particle sizes. However, the practical aspects of hybrid coatings production are accompanied with several peculiarities not encountered when using distinct feedstocks. To deepen the understanding of this novel route, this paper presents fundamental hybrid coating formation principles and the effect of selected deposition parameters using multiple case-study material systems, such as Al2O3-YSZ, Al2O3-Cr2O3, and Al2O3-TiO2.
Potential of Suspension Spraying for Development of Dense WC-12Co Coatings
Authors: Toma Filofteia-Laura , Kunze Oliver , Meyer Anja , Potthoff Annegret , Mayer Markus , Pötschke Johannes
Published: September 2021

Thermally sprayed WC-Co coatings provide excellent wear resistance and corrosion protection under heavy loads, but their application usually involves additional grinding and polishing steps, which can be 3-4 times costlier than the spraying process itself. There is thus the motivation to develop a process that produces smooth, near-net-shape carbide coatings. This contribution is an investigation of WC-12Co coatings obtained by suspension HVOF spraying. Significant work was devoted to the development and characterization of water-based hardmetal suspensions synthesized from commercially available WC and Co powders. The suspensions produced were sprayed using the HVOF process, and the resulting coatings were evaluated based on microstructure, hardness, and phase composition.
Development of Metal-Ceramic-Lubricant Composite Coatings Obtained by Cold Spray for Tribological Applications in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Garcin G. , Delloro F. , Jeandin M. , Hochepied J-F. , Grente C. , Bidault E. , Boutet S. , Jousset M. , Bonay E. , Rivaud G. , Denoirjean A. , Abry J-C. , Bouvard G. , Malhomme T. , Fridrici V.
Published: September 2021

One of the main levers to reduce CO2 emissions in cars and trucks is mass and friction reduction, which is often achieved through the use of special coatings. The aim of the present work was to develop metal-ceramic-lubricant composite coatings with the best combination of wear, seizure, fatigue, and thermal resistance. Metal-based coatings incorporating hard particles and solid lubricants were cold sprayed onto steel substrates and the relationship between coating microstructure and tribology was studied. To meet the demanding tribological requirements of heavily loaded engines, the interfaces between the different components were optimized by selecting appropriate feedstock powders and assessing a wide range of process parameters. Alumina-reinforced bronze composite coatings were made from powders with different morphologies. Aggregated ceramic powders were found to be more beneficial in terms of wear than massive powders, and graphite was found to be effective for reducing seizure.
Laser Assisted Cold Spray for Improved Adhesion of Soft Materials to Hard Substrates—Case Study for Copper Coatings on Steel
Authors: Legoux Jean-Gabriel , Guerreiro Bruno , Poirier Dominique , Giallonardo Jason D.
Published: September 2021

In cold spray, high adhesion of soft materials on hard substrates is commonly achieved by using helium as the propelling gas. This is the case of copper coatings on steel where adhesion may reach values as high as 60 to 80 MPa (glue failure), however, helium is a limited, expensive natural resource, and the use of more abundant nitrogen gas is preferred in an industrial setting. Unfortunately, when using nitrogen gas, little to no adhesion is obtained. In order to eliminate the use of helium gas we studied how laser assisted cold spray could lead to an improvement in adhesion of nitrogen sprayed copper coatings. In this work, several laser parameters (e.g., power and spot size) and process parameters (traverse speed, relative position laser spot vs. gas jet) were varied at a coupon level. Upon optimization, an equivalent adhesion to the coatings prepared with helium was obtained. Furthermore, the cross section of the coatings showed that the copper particles penetrated the steel, similar to what is observed when using helium gas. Optimization of these parameters for application to large diameter (~559 mm) cylinders was also performed. A discussion on the mechanisms which contribute to achieving high adhesion considering the use of helium versus laser assistance is provided.
Hybrid Metallic Coatings on Polymer-Based Composites
Authors: Fallah Panteha , Yue Stephen , McDonald André
Published: September 2021

A previous study showed that Cu can be cold sprayed onto carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) if a Cu interlayer is deposited prior to low-pressure cold spraying. In this present study, Cu was cold sprayed onto CFRP substrates that were coated with either Sn (cold spray) or Ni electroplating. Two layers of Cu powder were also cold sprayed onto a Cu-plated CFRP substrate to investigate the effect of a second particle layer on impacting particles. Test results showed that the relative hardness between the particle and substrate has a major effect on deformability, impact mode, and deposition efficiency (DE), which explains why Cu could not be cold sprayed onto Sn or Ni interlayers and why the deposition efficiency of Cu-on-Cu substrates is lower than that of one pass spraying. In summary, the results suggest that Cu can be successfully cold sprayed at low pressures onto electroplated Cu due to their similarity in hardness.
Combined Laser Shock and Micro-Compression Approach to the Mechanical Behavior of Powders for Cold Spray
Authors: Durand H. , Lacourt L. , Teissedre J.-C. , Delloro F. , Thorel A. , Lahouij I. , Lavaud F. , Clausse X.
Published: September 2021

In cold spray, particles undergo large plastic deformation upon impact in a rapid dynamic regime (up to 109 s-1) at solid state. The simulation of this impact is key to understanding the cold spray process. In this study, an approach based on laser shock and micro-compression testing was developed to characterize the mechanical behavior of powders and fit parameters of the Johnson-Cook material behavior model. In situ micro-compression particle testing was performed in a SEM equipped with a microindentation stage. From subsequent FEM simulations of the test, static coefficients of the Johnson-Cook model were identified. A laser shock powder launcher (LASHPOL) was also developed to accelerate single particles and measure their corresponding velocity using high-speed imaging. In addition, image analysis of the particles before and after impact, together with FEM simulation, were used to determine strain rate hardening coefficients for the Johnson-Cook model.
Hydrogen Generation Supports Plasma Wire Arc Metal Additive Manufacturing Powder Production
Authors: Wolff David , Berghorn Chris , Cook David , Strauss Joseph
Published: September 2021

Wire atomization processes used to make refractory and high temperature alloy powders are relatively expensive due to the cost of feedstock, energy, and gas. A new process based on Transferred Arc Wire Atomization technology, however, has the potential to overcome these problems. This paper introduces the innovative process which, in combination with hydrogen generation, presents new opportunities for several alloys that can be more easily processed by plasma wire atomization. The new approach shows promise to reduce both fixed and variable costs for certain refractory and high temperature materials.
Development of Advanced TBC for 1650 °C Class Gas Turbine
Authors: Okajima Yoshifumi , Torigoe Taiji , Mega Masahiko , Kuwabara Masamitsu , Okaya Naotoshi
Published: September 2021

Increasing operating temperature plays a critical role in improving the thermal efficiency of gas turbines. This paper assesses the capability of advanced thermal barrier coatings being developed for use in 1700 °C class gas turbines. Parts sprayed with these coatings were evaluated and found to have excellent durability and long-term reliability.
Some issues water supply of agriculture in the context of agrarian policy
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Moscow, Russia, Popova Karolina Yu. , Prokhorenko Oksana S. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Moscow, Russia, Lashchinina Tanyana Yu. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The article notes that in recent years, water quality has deteriorated sharply. To reduce this process, the introduction of ecosystems in economic entities is required. However, these measures must be subsidized by the state, as the costs are too high. It is necessary to adopt an environmental policy that would contributed to the organization of control over the use of water resources.
“Tight belts” of farmers as a condition for the profitability of agriculture
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia, Golubev Alexey V.
Published: September 2021

The contradiction between the profitable work of agriculture and the lack of its simple reproduction is revealed. Profits of agricultural enterprises are secured by a strict restriction on all major items of expenditure, including labor costs, which farmers are forced to go to due to the low profitability of the industry. They have to tighten their belts more and more, saving even on the necessary things. At the same time, monopolized suppliers of resources to agriculture and network trading networks, which are oligopolies, continue to siphon resources from producers of products. The author emphasizes the nature of perfect competition of the mass of agricultural producers, to which the market economy should strive. The term “market hinterland” is introduced, which characterizes the current situation of agriculture, which is economically disadvantaged by its counterparties. This intersectoral imbalance is not eliminated and is not compensated by the state, since the subsidies allocated are not enough even to bring the wages of agricultural workers to the average size in the Russian economy. The conclusion is made about the weak state regulation of intersectoral relations, which should limit monopolies and oligopolies and create equal economic conditions for different industries and also about the need for a significant increase in state support for agriculture.
Breeding reserves for improving the efficiency of dairy farming
Authors:   Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin», Omsk, Russia, Ivanova Irina P. , Yurchenko Elena N. ,   Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin», Omsk, Russia, Jurk Natalia A. ,   Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin», Omsk, Russia
Published: September 2021

The article presents scientific research of breeding reserves for improving the economic efficiency of dairy cattle breeding. As a result of research at the enterprises of the Omsk region, it was found that with the improvement of the productive qualities of breeding animals, farms can receive an additional 144.84 tons of milk and 151 head of calves, for commodity enterprises the reserves are 572.205 tons of milk and 101 head of calves. In breeding reproducers, as a result of the First stage of return crossing and changes in the structure of the milking herd, the gross milk yield from the entire livestock for the full period of productive use of cows will increase by 221 tons and at the Second stage of crossing – by the same amount. All other things being equal, after two stages, the profit amount may increase by 4428 thousand rubles. A similar situation is predicted in commodity herds. According to the results of the return crossing at the end of First and Second stages, an increase in the gross milk yield from the entire livestock of 35.0 tons is expected. According to the forecast calculations, the change in the age composition of the herd of cows will have a positive impact on the economic efficiency of dairy farming in farms. In general, the return crossing on black-and-white cows up to 75% of the Holstein bloodline will increase the profit from the sale of milk by 108 thousand rubles, which proves the expediency for enterprises to use the studied crossing.
The main directions of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex
Authors:   Academy of Social Management, Moscow, Russia, Khudov Alexander M. , Sinelnikov Igor Yu. ,   Academy of Social Management, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of modern science studying the process of digitalization of the agrarian sector of the economy and the search for theoretical approaches to the typology of the ongoing digital transformation of agriculture. The main directions of the introduction of digital technologies in the agricultural sector are considered by the authors from the point of view of the two dominant approaches today ¬ “instrumental” and “project”, which have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Clustering of the regions of the Siberian Federal District according to the state of reproduction of labor resources of rural territories
Authors:   Siberian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, SFNCA RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, Edrenkina Nina M. , Lisitsyn Aleksandr E. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, SFNCA RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, Suchkov Aleksey I. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, SFNCA RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: September 2021

Clustering of the regions of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) was carried out according to the state of reproduction of labor resources in rural areas. The modern problems of reproduction of labor resources in the regions of the SFD are identified, taking into account the peculiarities of each of them. As a result, the distribution of the regions of the Siberian Federal District by the state of labor resources of the rural territories was obtained by the following clusters: national, raw materials and leaders. Recommendations for the development of the reproduction of labor resources in rural areas are offered.
Assessment of the positions of the exporting countries of agri-food products on the world market according to their role in global value chains
Authors:   A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Frolova Elena Yu.
Published: September 2021

The place in the rankings of agricultural exporting countries in world trade is estimated in terms of the volume of imports and exports of raw materials and food. However, to assess the efficiency of agricultural exports, it is important to analyze the value added of exported goods produced in the country. The position of the exporting country in global value chains is derived from the type of agricultural production, which in turn depends on the level of development of the national economy, the availability and breadth of use of modern high technologies. The article examines the concept of the development of world agriculture from the point of view of the formation of global value chains, set out in the report of the UN World Food Organization [1] in comparison with the political decisions of such countries as India and the People’s Republic of China in the development of agricultural and food exports. The paper analyzes the risks associated with the consolidation of developing countries as suppliers of agricultural raw materials, as well as the conditions and action plan that allow the country-exporter of agricultural raw materials to move to higher levels in the global value chains on the world market. This experience should be considered to make comprehensive and effective decisions on the formation of the export policy of agricultural products and food of the Russian Federation, considering the food security of the country.
Assessment of the export potential of agricultural production in Russian regions
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Science Institution “Institute of Agrarian Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences”, Saratov, Russia, Potapov Andrey P.
Published: September 2021

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the export potential of agricultural production in the Russian regions. The definition of the concept of “export potential” in relation to the agricultural sector is presented. The discrepancy between the value indicators of the export of agro-food products from the regions and the real contribution of the regions to the production of export goods was revealed. The reasons for the distortion of statistical data on the export of products are determined. The analysis of the contribution of the export of agricultural products to the total regional export is carried out. The regional structure of exports by main product groups is considered. A method is proposed for calculating the export potential of regions for individual goods based on a comparison of their production and the balance of import-export, which made it possible to rank regions on three levels, depending on their export potential.
Economic efficiency of apricot cultivation in the South of Russia
Authors:   Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Russia, Velibekova Luiza A. , Kaziev Magomed-Rasul A. ,   Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Russia, Battalov Sadrutdin B. ,   Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Russia
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the main emphasis in fruit growing has been placed on expanding plantings and increasing the production of pome fruit species, while the cultivation area and the yield of stone fruits remain extremely low. The purpose of the study is to highlight the Republic of Dagestan as a fruit-growing region, whose contribution to the production of fruit products is the greatest. The article notes the reasons limiting the spread of stone fruit agrocenoses: limited cultivation area, insufficient resistance to unfavorable abiotic and biotic environmental factors, lack of a set of immune-resistant varieties grown in industrial gardens. The dynamics of indicators is analyzed: the structure of fruit and berry crops, the area of perennial plantations, the volume of production, the yield for the period 2010-2020. It has been established that the bulk of industrial stone fruit orchards, which provide significant gross harvests, are concentrated in the North Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts, including the Republic of Dagestan, the undisputed leader. It is noted that apricot culture has a special strategic place in regional gardening. The possibilities of the republic in the organization of conveyor production in the cultivation of apricot varieties in conditions of vertical zoning have been substantiated, which allows satisfying demand throughout the season and ensuring high efficiency of agricultural producers. Key regional problems are identified, the solution of which will allow modernizing gardening, forming a product brand, and widely developing agritourism destinations. The results of the research can be used by the republican authorities in the implementation of the policy of development of rural areas.
Features of the implementation of digital innovations in the agricultural sector of the economy
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Sandu Ivan S. , Kirova Irina V. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia, Ryzhenkova Natalya E. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2021

The digital economy has evolved from sharing information to being an integral part of our lives. Smart systems are becoming increasingly common in industry, the financial sector, the service sector, and public administration. About 22% of the world’s GDP is accounted for by the digital economy and this figure will only grow. The article considers the main stages of the development of the digital economy, starting from 1960 to the present, its theoretical and methodological, legal, and information and infrastructure foundations. The features of digital transformation in various industries are identified, which consist in the ability of digitalization to create optimal conditions for increasing labor productivity, preserving fertility and protecting the environment, etc. The principles of managing the digital economy are considered, as well as Digital transformation as a tool for managing digital innovations, and the key problems of its implementation are highlighted. The infrastructural basis of the digital economy is presented. The main provisions of the Digitalization Program of the Russian Federation are considered and digital technologies proposed for use in agriculture are presented. Special attention is paid to the digitalization of agriculture and the complementarity of agricultural science and business as a necessary condition for the development of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy.