bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasticidade fenotípica de folhas e produtividade do abacaxi sob condições de sombreamento
Authors: Silva Irene Ferro da , Souza Aldenice Santos de Lima , Araújo Neto Sebastião Elviro , Fermino Júnior Paulo César Poeta , Custódio Roberto Aparecido , Damasceno Rafaela Georgia Lima
Published: March 2018

A alta temperatura e radiação solar das regiões tropicais podem queimar e reduzir o tamanho dos frutos do abacaxizeiro. Uma alternativa aos produtores dessa cultura é o sombreamento das plantas, proporcionando o condicionamento climático. Assim sendo, objetivou-se   avaliar os efeitos do sombreamento sobre os teores de clorofilas, a morfologia e anatomia foliar e a produtividade do abacaxizeiro. O experimento foi realizado em condições de campo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos de sombreamento: 0% (abacaxizeiro a pleno sol); 45,0% (cobertura com plantas de mandioca); 48,3% (cobertura com plantas de feijão-de-porco); 30 e 50% (cobertura com tela de sombreamento). As características anatômicas, histológicas e bioquímicas das folhas, juntamente com a produtividade e percentagem de abacaxis queimados, foram determinadas 16 meses após o plantio. Abacaxizeiros cultivados sob a sombra de feijão-de-porco ou mandioca mostraram plasticidade fenotípica, com as folhas “D” apresentando tricomas com menor comprimento e elementos de vasos com menor diâmetro. Sob a sombra da mandioca ocorreu aumento da espessura da epiderme abaxial, do parênquima clorofilado e densidade estomática e, enquanto que a espessura da hipoderme aquífera e a porcentagem de frutos queimados pelo sol foram reduzidas. Sob a sombra do feijão-de-porco, as espessuras do parênquima clorofilado, do mesofilo e da folha foram reduzidas. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos no que se refere à produtividade dos abacaxis, embora o sombreamento com tela e mandioca tenha produzido redução significativa de frutos queimados.
Avaliação do potencial corrosivo do solo em dutos utilizados para o transporte de água no Sertão de Pernambuco
Authors: Silva Érika Larissa Rodrigues da , Melo Adriana Nery Souto Paz de , Silva Suzana Pedroza da
Published: March 2018

Em meio à emergência hídrica do país, principalmente no sertão nordestino, as adutoras se consagram como um meio de transporte de água eficaz. O solo é largamente explorado nas construções e representa um dos meios corrosivos mais influentes neste segmento. A corrosão pode causar fissuras e rupturas das estruturas construídas ocasionando prejuízos econômicos e ambientais. Visando prevenir tais incidentes, foi avaliada a corrosividade do solo e, monitorada a perda de massa nos tubos de ferro fundido dúctil sob a ação do solo. Nas análises químicas do solo foram determinados: pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Al, H, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, matéria orgânica (MO), carbono orgânico (CO) e calculadas a soma de bases (SB), capacidade de troca de cátion (CTC), percentagem de saturação por alumínio (m%) e percentagem de saturação por bases (V%). Para corrosividade do solo utilizou-se o índice de Steinrath, sendo analisados pH, teor de umidade, resistividade, íons cloreto e sulfato. Os ensaios de perda de massa do tubo de ferro fundido dúctil foram realizados em amostras de solo como meio corrosivo, monitorando temperatura, resistividade, e perda de massa por corrosão. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os solos são pouco corrosivos e o duto apresenta boa resistência à corrosão, apesar de apresentarem perda de massa ao longo do período do uso. É possível concluir que o solo em contato com os dutos de transporte de água apresenta baixa agressividade.
Caracterização fenológica de cultivares de videira utilizada na fabricação de vinho no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Farias Wagner César de , Oliveira Luana Mendes de , Celedônio Wilma Freitas , Dantas Django de Jesus , Mendonça Vander , Medeiros Aline Carla de
Published: March 2018

O ciclo vegetativo da videira em regiões de clima temperado é o período entre a brotação e a queda das folhas, enquanto o mesmo ciclo em regiões tropicais se diferencia pela não existência de queda das folhas e o repouso vegetativo, nesse caso induzido por déficit hídrico após a colheita dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o comportamento fenológico das cinco cultivares de videira. O experimento foi realizado entre maio e setembro de 2015, no município de Martins, localizado na região Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte, sendo constituído por cinco tratamentos representados por cultivares de videiras europeias (Vitis vinífera). As cultivares foram as seguintes: Malbec, Merlot Noir, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon e Syrah. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, e parcelas constituídas por 5 plantas. As observações fenológicas foram realizadas durante todo o ciclo, a partir da poda até a colheita. A cultivar Syrah apresentou menor ciclo poda-colheita com 98 dias, seguida das cultivares Malbec, Merlot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon e Chardonnay apresentaram 101, 103, 105 e 110 dias respectivamente.
Variabilidade interanual da precipitação em cidades do semiárido brasileiro entre os anos de 1984 e 2015
Authors: Souza César Lincoln Oliveira de , Nogueira Virgínia de Fátima Bezerra , Nogueira Valner Da Silva
Published: March 2018

As variações pluviométricas influenciam diretamente na economia de uma região. Este cenário no semiárido brasileiro pode ser ainda mais impactante, afetando consideravelmente a agricultura e os recursos hídricos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência dos modos de variabilidade climática global na precipitação de cidades do semiárido localizadas nos estados de Pernambuco, Paraíba, Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte. Foi realizada a climatologia de 70 (setenta) postos pluviométricos alocados pelos quatro estados e a correlação do período chuvoso destas estações com os fenômenos El Niño-Oscilação Sul (ENOS) e o Dipolo de TSM do Atlântico (DTAT). Na maior parte das estações, o período chuvoso se restringiu a apenas cinco meses, se estendendo de janeiro a maio. O Ceará é o estado mais influenciado pelos modos de variabilidade interanual. Os resultados mostraram que os modos de variabilidade afetam de formas distintas os quatro estados analisados, em comum as maiores correlações, ou seja, a maior influência é das anomalias de TSM da Bacia Sul do Atlântico Tropical sob o período chuvoso dos postos analisados.
Efficient Exploitation of Local Fruit Resources Through Sustainable Production and High Added Value Processing
Authors: Stănică Florin
Published: March 2018

Fruit production in Europe has a dual system organization: an industrial type with high density planting systems in large extension farms and a small size orchard type in family owned farms. Certainly, the two systems are quite different in terms of fruit varieties, planting systems, orchard management and fruit production valorisation. In recent years, the smart family fruit farms became more and more important for the rural economy by increasing the efficient use of local resources, by offering social security and comfort and by reducing the environmental fruit finger print. Besides the already existing orchards, new ones are planted with trees produced using local species and varieties, better adapted to soil and climate conditions, grafted on resistant rootstocks. Low input orchard technologies, organic fertilization and integrated pest management are generally used. Natural windbreaks and shelters, grass soil cover management are generalized in order to ensure a higher biodiversity and the protection of wild life. Local fruits are produced in many cases under registered Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), and Traditional Specialties Guaranteed (TSG). Those insure the product authenticity, a quality control system and a better marketing. Fruits are sold fresh on the local markets and in modern distribution network but also processed in the farm or in cooperative processing units. Special products are obtained following traditional recipes, some of the being sugar free, rich in vitamins, active principles and considered functional food. Continuous science and technology development brings innovation also in orchard technologies in European small fruit farms aiming to maintain their sustainability and competitiveness, by producing top quality fruits, with nearly to zero residues and no environmental negative impact. The European model of small smart fruit farms could be introduced and tested to Indonesian condition. Keywords: small smart farms; local varieties; planting systems; sustainable orchard management; plant protection; local fruit processing
Strategy for Sustainable Development and Utilization of Sheep and Goat Resources in Serbia
Authors: Petrovic Milan P. , Petrovic Violeta Caro , Muslic Dragana Ruzic , Maksimovic Nevena , Cekic B. , Ilic Z.Z. , Kurcubic V.
Published: March 2018

The aims of this study were to determine the status of small ruminant production in Serbia and to provide projections for their sustainable use with optimal strategy of genetic improvement of sheep and goats in the future. For sustainable sheep and goat production, it is necessary to know a number of biological, technological, organizational and market factors. Number of sheep in Serbia during the past two decades fell by about 20%.  This  country grows more than 1.7 million sheep. In terms of breed structures, most of the populations are indigenous Pramenka sheep (80%), while the remaining 20% are Tsigai, Merinolandschaf, Ile de France, Pirot improved, Mis sheep, and other less important populations, as well as the crossbreed with foreign and domestic sheep. Interest of goat rearing is constantly increasing in last years for 20-30%.  In regard to the breed structure, the least represented are goats of Alpine breed – approx. 2- 3%, White Serbian goat - 15%, different types of crosses – approx. 35% same as goats of low land Balkan type, and approx. 12% of high land Balkan type. Strategy of sheep and goat breeding programs in Serbia is focused on the improvement of indigenous breeds, because they are less demanding, and most importantly, the input is lower and their products have higher quality. Keywords: sheep; goat; sustainable; resources; meat; milk
Characterization of Irradiation Induced Mutants of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Generated from Jame-jame and Adira-4 Genotypes at M1V2 Generation
Authors: Khumaida Nurul , Ardie Sintho Wahyuning , Astuti Mira Sri
Published: March 2018

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz., Euphorbiaceae) is an important dietary carbohydrate source for approximately 800 million people in the tropics. It is a potential crop for food, feed, and industry. Cassava breeding through conventional approaches are hampered with some limitations which resulted in a low number of superior varieties. The objective of this research was to generate several mutant lines with higher yield and starch content. This research intended to identify the second generation (M1V2) Jame-jame and Adira-4 variant cassava mutants from gamma ray irradiation. Jame-jame is a local genotype from Halmahera (local high yielding genotype, sweet, and potential)  and Adira-4 is an Indonesia national variety of cassava. Mutant diversity appears on the plant height, plant branching, and plant tubers that harvested at 10 months after planting (MAP). Our results showed the positive correlation between plant height, first branching height, tuber weight, number of roots, and number of economic roots. Based on tuber weight and number of economic tuber there were 9 potential mutants (putative).  Based on the stability test, there were 6 potential stable mutants (putative) by first branching height, tuber weight, total number of tubers, and total number of economies tuber, namely: V5D1-(2), V5D1-2(2), V5D1-3(2), V5D1-4(3), V5D2-2(2), and V5D2-6(2). Keywords: local genotype, M1V2, storage root, characters,  stability.
Indonesian Small Pelagic Resource Accounting
Authors: Anna Zuzy
Published: March 2018

Fish is one of natural resources, which is important for food security. Small pelagic fish is one of the sources of food, the most widely consumed by people of Indonesia, given the existence of a fairly abundant species, and are found in almost entire territorial waters of Indonesia, and also has a relatively affordable price. Management of pelagic fishery in the waters of Indonesia, thus becomes important, especially to maintain the sustainable industry. Optimal and sustainable fisheries industry can only be achieved with proper planning through the implementation of appropriate management instruments as well. Fisheries resources accounting is one of the planning instruments, which should be used as a main reference of Fisheries Management Plan. In general, fisheries accounting provide insights for policy makers on how the flow of the stocks of fish and its relation to changes in the dynamic of natural and economic activity of fishing. Small pelagic resource accounting is one of the mandates of agenda 21 UNCED recommendation, as formulated in the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA). Besides, this is also a decree of Indonesian Law No. 32/2009 regarding the Management and Environmental protection. The paper discusses the fisheries account, both physical and monetary, for small pelagic fish. By using resource accounting, we can understand the dynamics of the availability of stocks of small pelagic fisheries in Indonesia for the sake of food security. The methods in use is the standard bio-economic modelling, using fox algorithm for parameter estimation, and resource accounting method of the System of National Accounts of FAO[1], adapted to the data existing condition.  The results of the analysis, include measurement of standing stocks (physical assets account), fishable biomass, depletion, as well as monetary account. Paper also provides suggestion for management, as well as policy recommendation.Keywords: Small pelagic, Resource Accounting, Physical assets account, monetary account, Fisheries Management Plan, Bio-economic modeling, Policy recommendation.
Threats to Food Safety and Sustainability of Nike (Awaous melanocephalus) in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Salam Aziz , Sahami Femy M. , Panigoro Citra , Arifin Yayu Indriati , Sakakibara Masayuki
Published: March 2018

The objective of this research is to develop the industrial-scale fluid bed dryer for paddy by scale-up of lab-scale experimental data. The developed dryer was conducted by simulation using a two phase model. Firstly, the experimental works by using lab-scale batch fluid bed dryer, was conducted to determine the drying curve of paddy (Xin 0.32 kg/kg dry base). In the experimental works, the inlet air temperature was varied (°C): 40; 50; 60. The drying rate curves as a function of moisture content showed only decreasing drying rate period. Then, a very good agreement between the measured and simualtion results of the profile of moisture content in solids was produced by simulator. Finally, a simulated continuous fluidized bed dryer for paddy with dimension 5 m of length and 1.5 of width was succesfully performed, in which the influence of mass solid flow rate 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 tons/h, height of bed 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 m, and air temperature 50; 70; 100 °C on drying process were studied. Keywords: Paddy, fluid bed dryer, batch, contonious, modelling, simulation
The Utilization of Prebiotics, Probiotics, Organic Acids and Antibiotics in Monogastric Animals
Authors: Biagi Giacomo , Vecchiato C.G. , Pinna C.
Published: March 2018

The gastrointestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem made up of a multitude of bacterial species, some of which are potentially pathogenic, while others are considered good for the host. The beneficial microorganisms that live in the hindgut influence gastrointestinal functionality and the host’s health in general.  Nowadays, many dietary supplements are available to be fed to young farm animals such as broilers, turkeys, piglets and calves in order to improve their intestinal health and growth performance. Despite the fact that non-pharmacological feed additives in general do not reach the efficacy of antibiotics as growth promoters, the proper choice and use of a dietary supplement may improve livestock productivity. Nevertheless, it has to be considered that dietary supplements usually increase the feed price, which means that the cost-benefit ratio of feed additives should always be determined. Keywords: gastrointestinal microbiota; dietary supplements; livestock productivity
Comparing Tea Leaf Products and Other Forages for In-vitro Degradability, Fermentation, and Methane for Their Potential Use as Natural Additives for Ruminants
Authors: Ramdani Diky , Chaudhry Abdul S. , Hernaman Iman , Seal Chris J.
Published: March 2018

Tea leaves are a rich source of plant secondary metabolites such as tannins and saponins that have the potential to manipulate rumen fermentation and to lessen methane (CH4) production.Samples of green tea (GTL), black tea (BTL), their spent leaves after water extraction (SGTL and SBTL), ryegrass hay (RH), ryegrass silage (RS), paddy straws (PS), barley straws (BS), and wheat straws (WS) were compared for their rumen in-vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD, g/kg DM), pH, ammonia (NH3, mg/L), total volatile fatty acids (tVFA, mmol/L), total gas production (tGP, L/kg OM), and methane output (CH4,L/kg OM) after 28h incubation with buffered rumen fluid under anaerobic conditions at 39oC in glass syringes. One-way ANOVA on Minitab 16 was used to examine differences between products at P<0.05 for four replicate samples. There were no differences between tea leaf products, RH and RS but the straws tended to have lower IVOMD compared with tea leaf products and other forages. GTL produced the lowest NH3 followed by BTL, SGTL, SBTL, and other forages. There were no differences between most tea leaf products, RH, RS, and the straws for tVFA concentration but PS and WS produced the lowest tVFA. GTL, SGTL, and RH had higher tGP than BTL, SBTL, and the straws but they had a lower tGP than RS. GTL, BTL, and SBTL produced similar levels of CH4 as the straws but this was less than RS and SGTL. The results suggest that if tea leaf products are included in the straw-based diets as natural feed additives, they may improve degradability, tVFA, NH3,and tGP production without increasing CH4 output. Low NH3 production for tea leaf products could be the sign of more by-pass protein to be absorbed in small intestine.Keywords: Tea leafproducts, in-vitro measurements, and ruminants.
Towards Developing Salinity Tolerant Rice Adaptable for Coastal Regions in Indonesia
Authors: Hairmansis Aris , Nafisah Nafisah , Jamil Ali
Published: March 2018

Lowland rice areas along the coastal regions are a major contributor for rice production in Indonesia. Sustainability of rice production in those areas is challenged by the increase of soil salinity as the result of sea water inundation. The problem is exacerbated by the increase of sea water level as the impact of global climate change. High concentration of salt ion in the soil could significantly reduce rice growth and yield. Development of salinity tolerant rice varieties is therefore important to maintain sustainability of rice production in the coastal regions. Breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance of Indonesian rice has been established in Indonesian Centre for Rice Research. Through intensive salt tolerant screening program genetic variations in salinity tolerance have been identified within rice germplasm allowing the improvement of salinity tolerant of existing rice varieties. Different genetic resources have been used for salinity tolerant improvement including landraces, improved varieties and introduction lines. A number of promising salt tolerant rice breeding lines have been developed and showed adaptability to salt affected areas in the lowland coastal areas. Two new salt tolerant rice varieties have been released recently which are adaptable to salt affected areas. This paper will describe the progress in the breeding programs to develop salt tolerant rice for lowland rice areas in the coastal regions. Strategy to accelerate the improvement of the salinity tolerant of Indonesian rice varieties in the future will be also discussed.Keywords: rice, breeding, salinity tolerance, coastal regions.
Dietary Supplementation Effects of Noni (Morinda Citrifolia L.) Fruit Flour on Uric Acid and Blood Glucose of Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Layer Phase
Authors: Adriani Lovita , Yeane Bigtha
Published: March 2018

This study was aimed to determine the effect of noni fruit flour in ration on  uric acid and blood glucose of  quails layer  phase. The research was conducted from  March to May 2015 at  Faculty of Animal Husbandry Universitas Padjadjaran. One hundred commercialquails aged 4 weeks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups as T1, T2, T3 and T4. The quails  in the control group (T1) were given normal basal diet without the addition of noni fruit flour, while as other groups (T2, T3, T4) were supplemented with0.25, 0.50, and 0.75% noni fruit flour  respectively with 25 quails per treatment group replicated five times with five quails per replicate in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The blood samples were randomly collected, five birds per replicate at the end experimental period (7th week) and analyzed for the estimation of uric acid and blood glucose. The results revealed that blood glucose was significantly (p>0.05) increased in the groups fed noni at various levels when compared to the control. Further, a significantly (p<0.05) proportional decreasing  in blood uric acid levels was found with increase in the level of dietary  noni fruit flour, with highest reduction in the group supplemented with 0.5% noni fruit flour (T3) compared to the control group and in the group suplemented with 0.25% (T2) for blood glucose. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of noni fruit flours had beneficial effect with regard to its ability in reducing the blood uric acid levels and increasing blood glucose of quails. Keywords: Quail, uric acid, blood glucose, Noni
Genetic Variants of k-Casein and β-Lactoglobulin Genes and Their Association with Protein and Milk Components of Holstein Friesian Cows at Small Farmers in Lembang, West Java
Authors: Anggraeni Anggraeni , Anneke A. , Nury H.S. , Andreas E. , Sumantri C.
Published: March 2018

Genetic variants of CSN3 and LGB genes and their effects on protein and milk components were studied in Holstein Friesian at small dairy farmers in Lembang District, West Java, Indonesia.  Allelic variants were identified by PCR-RFLP technique using restriction enzymes of Pst I for the CSN3 gene and Hae III for the LGB gene.  The CSN3 gene was dominated by AB genotype.   Milk protein was not affected by genotypes of the two genes.  Only fat content was significantly affected (P <0.05) by the CSN3 gene with AB cows having the highest fat to AA and BB cows (3.76% vs. 3.26% and 3.34%). Keywords: CSN3 gene; LGB gene; milk protein; and milk component.
Viability of Trichoderma harzianum Grown on Different Carrier Formulation
Authors: Unsoed Purwanto , AS YuyunYuwariah , Sumadi Sumadi , Simarmata Tualar
Published: March 2018

The suitable carrier composition is needed to ensure the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum as inoculant of biocontrol, plant growth promotion and decomposer fungus. The research aimed to investigate formulation of carrier to enhance of Trichoderma harzianum viability was conducted from January till June 2015 in Laboratory. Testing of the compotition of carrier materials on viability of Trichoderma harzianum using a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatment compotitions of peat soil, cow manure, biocharcoal and nutrient. The observed variables were the population of Trichoderma harzianum (cfu/g) on a regular basis i.e2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after production, pH and moisture content (%) of media. The result showed that the different carrier formulations resulted number of spore varried, from 1.33 x 105cfu/g to 7.98 x 106cfu/g. The best formulation of Trichoderma harzianum was peat soil 40% + cow manure 40% + biocharcoal 10% + nutrient 10% with the maximum population count achieved 7.98 x 106cfu/g after 24 weeks of storage. Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, carrier formulation, viability, biocharcoal, nutrient..
Responses of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) to Glomus sp. Combined with Pseudomonas diminuta at Different Rates of NPK Fertilizers
Authors: Nurbaity Anne , Sofyan Emma Trinurani , Hamdani Jajang Sauman
Published: March 2018

Conventional farming for potato production in Indonesia has been using NPK fertilizer at high application rates. Any adverse environmental effects that might arise trough this fertilizer use shall be avoided. Application of bioferrtilizer consisted of ArbuscularMycorrhizal Fungi (Glomus sp.) isolated from the potato farming area and Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (Pseudomonas diminuta) have been tested to reduce the use of NPK rates in the production of potato crops. The inoculant has been pot-cultured prior to its application on potato crops. The controlled-field site experiment, used the mixtures of spores of Glomus sp. and inoculant of Pseudomonas diminuta, applied at different rates of NPK fertilizer. Results of the experiment showed that the application of Glomus sp. and Pseudomonas diminuta reduced the use of NPK up to 50%, where the growth, nutrients uptake(N,P,K), and tubers of potato had similar effect to the highest recommendation rate of NPK fertilizer (being applied by the farmers). Findings from this experiment confirmed the evidences that application of AM fungi and mycorrhizal helper bacteria could reduce the use of chemical fertilizer which support sustainable farming system. Further step has been done to scale up the production of inoculants for the wider use by local farmers. Keywords:Glomus, Pseudomonas, mycorrhiza, potato, NPK fertilizer.
In-situ Conservation Strategy to Safeguard Sentul Chickens in the Future
Authors: Asmara I.Y. , Anang A. , Widjastuti T. , Sujana E.
Published: March 2018

Animal genetic resources such as indigenous chickens are part of biodiversity. Sentul chickens are one of indigenous chickens in Indonesia which are regarded as local to Ciamis District in West Java.  It is reported that the population of pure Sentul Chickens are in decline. This study was aimed to find out the current population of pure Sentul chickens in three areas in West Java and to develop a conservation strategy to safeguard Sentul chickens in the future. The study used qualitative method to gather data including literature review and key informant interviews. The informants consisted of a leader of farmer group and managers of breeding centers. The interviews were carried out in Ciamis, Majelengka and Bogor Districts. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results indicated that population of Sentul chickens in Ciamis are in decline, while population in areas outside Ciamis such as Bogor tend to increase. There is a need to develop an in-situ conservation program in which Ciamis District should be assigned to be the center area to provide pure Sentul chickens in West Java. To support the conservation program, stakeholders such as local government, research institutions, universities and farmer groups play important roles. Keywords: in-situconservation strategy, Sentul chickens, animal genetic resources, biodiversity.
Effects of Energy-Protein Balance in the Diet on Semen Characteristic of West Java Local Ducks
Authors: H. S. Siti Wahyuni , Setiawan Rangga , Sujana Endang
Published: March 2018

Cihateup (West Java highland) and Rambon (West Java lowland) ducks  are two local ducks which are commonly raised by farmers in West Java under extensive systems. The decline of land availability as a result of increasing human population has meant that the ducks should be raised under intensive system. An experimental research was conducted to evaluate the effect of energy-protein balance in the diet on semen characteristic of Cihateup and Rambon  drakes under restricted water system (intensive system). The research was designed in Completely Randomized Design; there were six energy-protein balance in the diets as treatment, which were G1 ( 3000 kcal/kg ME, 20 % CP); G2 ( 3000 kcal/kg ME, 16 % CP); G3 ( 3000 kcal/kg ME, 13.5% CP); G4 (2700 kcal/kg ME, 20 % CP); G5 (2700 kcal/kg ME, 16 % CP); and G6 ( 2700 kcal/kg ME, 13.5 % CP); each treatment was replicated three times. Semen was collected when the drakes reached the age of nine months and semen evaluation for volume semen, sperm motility and sperm abnormality was conducted. The results show that semen characteristics show that the highest motility was produced by G5 (2700 kcal/kg ME, 16 % CP) for Cihateup drakes and G6 ( 2700 kcal/kg ME, 13.5 % CP) for Rambon drakes. There was no significant different effect among treatments on abnormality of Cihateup drakes semen; anyhow G5 (2700 kcal/kg ME, 16 % CP) can be considered as the best diet for  Rambon drakes based on its semen abnormality. It can be concluded that at feeding diet containing similar Metabolizable Energy level, Cihateup drakes required higher protein level than Rambon drakes to produce a good quality of semen.Keywords: energy-protein balance, west java local drakes, semen
Characterization of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides Bacteria as Probiotic Bacteria in Fish and Shrimp Feed
Authors: Andriani Yuli , Rochima Emma , Safitri Ratu , Rahayuningsih Sri Rejeki
Published: March 2018

This study was aimedto identify probiotic characteristics and to test the cellulolytic ability of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides bacteria for probiotic microbe candidates in fish and shrimp feed. The description of the cellulolytic and amylolytic abilities of these bacteriawas obtained by non-experimental method and descriptive analysis. Probiotic characteristic identification includes growth curve was obtained through total plate count method, cellular and colony morphology, and cellulase and amylase enzyme activity test using DNS method. Results indicated that the maximum growth of B. megateriumwas observed after six hours at 35.62 x 10 10 (CFU), while B. mycoideswasafter 30 hoursat 42.6 x 10 10(CFU). The macroscopic observation showed that the colony of B. megateriumwas concave and smooth,while B. mycoides was flat, relatively rough, with silken threads around the colony.Both bacteria had milky white color, bacillus shape, Gram positive, and sporous. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. megateriumwere 3,974 units/ml and 1,831 units/ml, respectively. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. mycoideswere 3,506 units/ml and 3,730 units/ml, respectively. It can be concluded that both bacteria could be proposed as probiotic bacteria in fish feed. Keywords: Characterization, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, probiotic microbes, feed.
Selecting Fish Combination of Polyculture to Reduce Periphyton Abundance in Floating Net Cage in Cirata Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Zahidah , Setiawan Y. , Rochima E.
Published: March 2018

Being a considerable potential area for aquaculture activities in the form of floating net cage, reservoir has taken on issues due to its characteristics as a common property with an open access. The problems have led to the vast growing and uncontrolled number of the net cages; one of which occurs in Cirata Reservoir. The objective of this research was to find the best combination of fishes in polyculture at Floating net cage in order to reduce periphyton abundance and to increase aquaculture productivity in Cirata Reservoir. The research has been conducted from February to March 2015. The research method used completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments consist of fish combination of tilapia with silver barb, carp with silver barb, and black pacu with silver barb which were cultured for five weeks in floating net cage size (1 x 1 x 1) m3. The individual fish weight were approximately 10 g for tilapia, carp and silver barb, and approximately 4 g for black pacu. stocking density were 80 fishes per unit cage (40 fishes for each species) . The combination of black pacu and silver barb produced highest productivity of 459.77 gr / m3 or 82 % during five weeks. Meanwhile, combination of carp and silver barb gave lowest periphyton abundance of 28 345 cells / cm2. It can be concluded that black pacu and silver barb is the best combination due to growth rate and aquaculture productivity but not in periphyton abundance.Keywords: Polyculture, Cirata reservoir, Cageculture.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Endophytic Fungus from Mangrove Plant (Rhizophora apiculata L.) and (Bruguiera gymnorrizha (L.) Lamk.) Against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603
Authors: Nia Rossiana , Mia Miranti , Oktapiana Kosmita
Published: March 2018

Pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae is the cause of pneumonia disease in infants and adults. Antibiotics treatment is usually used to treat this disease. However, synthetic antibiotic use could lead to bacterial resistance. Therefore, novel antibiotics from natural resources are required to overcome this problem. The aim of present study is to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungal extracts from mangrove plants Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza against K. pneumonia ATCC 700 603. Isolation, cultivation, extraction and antibacterial activity test were conducted. Fourteen endophytic fungi were derived from the two mangrove species, where the two fungal isolates: Penicilium sp.2 and Penicilium sp.4 showed the highest antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of K. pneumoniae for both fungal extract is 3.6 mg mL-1, where bactericidal effect was observed. Additionally, antibacterial activity from the extract of Penncillium sp.4 is higher compared to Penicilium sp.2 extract, which is signified by larger average diameter of inhibition zone. However, at concentration more than 3.6 mg mL-1, both extract effectively inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae. Our study reveals the potential of fungal extract from mangrove plant as prospective drug candidate to overcome the pneumonia disease. Keywords: antibacterial, pneumonia, endophytic fungi, mangrove
Improvement of Physical Properties of Inceptisols and Yield of Sweet Corn Affected by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Manure Applications
Authors: Hidayat Cecep , Rosdiana Ria , Frasetya Budi , Hasani Sofiya
Published: March 2018

Local resources such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and manure can be applied to improve the soil properties and the maize productivity. This trial was to determine the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and manure on some physical characteristic of Inceptisols and yield of sweet corn. This study was conducted at Babakan village, Ciparay distric, Kabupaten Bandung at 07o04’40,9” S and 107o41’32,6” from May to August 2015. The experiment was arranged as Randomized Block Design with factorial pattern consisted of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first treatments were AMF rate (5, 10, 15 g crop-1) and the second treatments were type of manure (chicken, sheep, and cow) at 30 ton ha-1. The AMF and type of manure could decreased the bulk density, increased soil porosity, and improved weight of the corn cob up to 94 % of its maximum potential.Keywords: Competitiveness, RCA, EPD, IIT, Panel Regression
The Effect of Bio-fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties of Sugarcane in Purwadadi Subang
Authors: Mulyani Oviyanti , Trinurani Emma , Sudirja Rija , Joy Benny
Published: March 2018

Biofertilizer is a biological product that can be used to improve the soil fertility. It is useful in enriching soil with micro-organisms that produces organic nutrients and may also reduce the plant diseases. This experiment investigates the usefulness of biofertilizer which can increase the soil properties. This study was conducted at sugarcane plantation, Purwadadi Subang Bandung. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications.  The treatments were (50 ; 25) g/treatment Biofertilizer + (¼ ; ½ ; ¾ ; 1) of the recommended dose of NPK and the recommended dose of NPK as a control. The chemical properties (potential K, K sorption, potential P, P sorption, total N and pH) were affected by biofertilizer application, except for N sorption. The best treatment from this product was combination from high level of biofertilizer (50 g) and (1/2 - 1) of the recommended dose of NPK. The application of biofertilizer can substitute NPK fertilizer 25% - 50% in soil. In general, this product has a good potency especially to increase some of soil chemical properties in a short time with simple application in the field.Keywords: Biofertilizer, Efficay, Inorganic Fertilizer
Isolation and Characterization of Collagenase from Bacillus thuringiensis for Degrading Fish Skin Collagen of Cirata Reservoir Waste
Authors: Rochima Emma , Pratama Rusky Intan , Andriani Yuli
Published: March 2018

The objective of this research was to isolate and characterize collagenase of Bacillus thuringiensis obtained from the collection of Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Padjadjaran University.  The substrate of collagen was derived from skin Tilapia waste of Cirata Reservoar. This study showed the presence of clear zone which is a sign of colagenolitik activity of B. thuringiensis. The optimum production time of collagenase was 24 hours of incubation. Collagenase of crude extract had collagenase activity of 0.181 units/ml with the protein concentration was 0.640 mg/ml. It was also found that the optimum temperature of collagenase derived from crude extract was 50° C and the optimum pH was 7-9. Keywords: collagenase; Bacillus thuringiensis;  skin, waste
The Application of Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes Biofertilizer to Increase Soil P and Yield of Maize on Ultisols Jatinangor
Authors: Fitriatin Betty Natalie , Suryatmana Pujawati , Yuniarti Anny , Istifadah Noor
Published: March 2018

Ultisols has problems of low availability of nutrients, especially phosphorus. To improve soil phosphate and P fertilizer efficiency, it is necessary to develop biofertilizer such as phosphate solubilizing microbes. Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) have the capability of dissolving soil phosphorus which have been adsorbed and can mineralize organic P to become inorganic P, hence increasing the avalibility of P in the soil. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas mallei and Pseudomonas cepacea) and phosphate solubilizing fungi (Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp) were selected based on their ability to dissolve P. The experiment was conducted at Jatinangor, West Java Indonesia to study the application of PSM biofertilizer to increase soil P and yield of maize. Experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in factorial pattern, consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor consisted of PSM biofertilizer, which were; without PSM, 5 L ha-1 of PSM and 50 kg ha-1 of PSM.  The second factor was P fertilizer with five levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% dosage of recommendation). The results showed that the application of PSM biofertilizer increased soil phosphate and yield of maize on Ultisol Jatinangor.  The dosage of P inorganic fertilizers was reduced by 50%.Keywords: ultisol, maize, biofertillizer, phospate-solubilizing bacteria.
Management of Runoff Harvesting as a Source of Irrigation Water in Dry Land Agriculture on Steep Land Slope
Authors: Bafdal Nurpilihan , Dwiratna Sophia
Published: March 2018

In tropical country such as Indonesia, the production for crops in dry land  always depend on climatic condition especially  rainfall for crop growth. Since the availability of the water is limited, therefore cultivation of crops is investigated. Indonesia has two seasons which are dry season and wet season. During  dry season crops in dry land is of limited water supply, therefore crops meet its water requirement from soil water only. Heavy rainfall in the wet season, indicates water cannot fully conserved in the soil and some surface water lost as a runoff. This research was conducted with descriptive analysis method for analyzing the potential rainfall on the research center, and field observation method for calculating the potential of runoff water. Results showed that runoff on the area planted with single seasonal crop is greater than that  planted with mixed seasonal crop. Also note that about 60 cubic meter of runoff that is stored in the storage pond can be used to irrigate of 70 square meters the area planted with sweet corn + sweet potato for two planting seasons. The harvesting runoff on dry land can increase cropping intensity from one to three times of planting per year. It can be said that the runoff harvesting is able to improve dry land farmers welfare. Keywords: Runoff harvesting, multiple cropping, irrigation
The Simple Method to Assess Land Quality of Paddy Field Using Spectral, Soil pH and Statistical Regression Technique (Case Study of Paddy Field in Majalaya Subdistrict, Bandung Region)
Authors: Ghazali Mochamad Firman , Harto Agung Budi , Wikantika Ketut
Published: March 2018

Assessing land quality has important use in understanding the capability of soil in producing food. The area of paddy fields in Majalaya Subdistrict is located around the industrial zone and this situation is urgent to understand the land quality of paddy field due to the influence effect of industrial waste to its growth. A combination of regression model and Landsat 8 image to estimate soil pH distribution is used to predict the land quality. The result of this study is shown that the regression model of red and near infrared (NIR) band combination is used to predict soil pH has been successfully given the smallest error (RMSe) as the soil pH accuracy is 1.18 and related to the land quality assessment based on predicted soil pH is shown that in the whole area of paddy field has the acid situation of soil pH.Keywords: Spectral, Soil pH; Regression, Land Quality; Land  Suitability
Mycophytoextraction of Mercury from Small-Scale Gold Mine Tailings Contaminating Agricultural Land and Its Effect on Maize Growth
Authors: Fiqri Amrullah , Utomo Wani Hadi , Handayanto Eko
Published: March 2018

An experiments aimed to explore the effects of mycorrhizae inoculation on the potential of local plant species (Paspalum conjugatum, Cyperus kyllingia, and Lindernia crustacea) for phytoextraction of mercury from small-scale gold mine tailings contaminating agricultural land has been conducted in a glasshouse.  The first experiment was set up as three plant species, and doses of mycorrhizal inoculation, i.e. 0 and 30 spores/plant. At harvest of 63 days, shoots and roots were analyzed for mercury concentration, consisted of 6 treatments (PcM0; PcM1; CkM0; CkM1; LcM0; LcM1), and the second experiment  using the remediated soils of the first trials consisted of treatments (six treatments previous and one control) were used for growing maize 84 days. Each of the plant seedlings was planted in a plastic pot containing 10 kg of tailing and compost mixture. The results showed that Glomus was the most compatible mycorrhizae against the three types of host plants studied. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly affected plant growth and biomass weight of three plant species. The highest Hg accumulation (56.3 mg/kg) was observed in the shoot of PcM1. Overall, the tested three plant species could be used for phytoextration of mercury from small-scale gold mine tailings contaminating agricultural land, but its interactions with mycorrhizae did not significantly affect the accumulation of mercury. Myco-phytoextraction of mercury significantly enhanced maize growth and biomass. Keywords: Cyperus kyllingia, Lindernia crustacea; Paspalum conjugatum; phytoremediation; gold mine tailings
Organic Matter and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application to Sustain Maize Growth under Water Stress Condition in Calcareous Soil
Authors: Utami Sri Rahayu , Rohmawatia H. , Kumalontang W. J. N. , Prijono Sugeng
Published: March 2018

Crop growth is normally rather limited in calcareous soils, due to the low phophorus availability and water scarcity. Organic matter (OM) is commonly applied to reduce P fixation, as also improving other nutrients content and water availability in the soil.  Since calcareous soils often encounter water scarcity especially in dry period, the effectiveness of OM under water stress condition is still interesting to study. An incubation experiment was conducted to study the effect of water stress, P-fertilizer and organic matter application on P-uptake and maize growth in calcareous soil. Soil samples used for this study, were taken from 0-20 cm depth, in Pagak, South Malang, East Java. A complete randomized design was used, with 3 factors and 3 replications. Factor 1 was consisted of 3 water stress level, i.e no stress (S0), slightly stress (S1), and moderately stress (S2). Factor 2 was consisted of 2 Phosphorus level: with (200 kg SP36 per Ha). and without P-fertilizer. Factor 3 was OM application (12 Mg Ha-1), i.e. without OM (B0), Tithonia diversifolia (B1), Gliricidia sepium (B2), and combination of Tithonia diversifolia and Gliricidia sepium (B3).Soil samples were added with fertilizer and organic matter, and incubated within 2 weeks. Water stress treatment were conducted after incubation period. Phosphorus availability (P-Olsen and P-labile) in the soil was measured at 0, 28, and 56 day after planting (dap). Crop height was measured at 14, 28, 42, and 56 dap. Whereas P-uptake and biomass dry weight were measured at 56 dap. The results showed that OM application increased P-uptake, crop height and biomass dry weight. The effect was slightly improved by P-fertilizer application, but decreased as the water stress level increased. With or without P fertilizer, Tithonia diversifolia was more effective than Gliricidia sepium, when water was sufficient. At slightly water stress condition, the different between the two OM sources became less significant, especially when P fertilizer was added. Under moderately water stress condition, application of OM and P-fertilizer had no significant impact on maize growth. Keywords: P-availability;P-uptake; sustainable agriculture; water scarcity.
Application of Various Concentrations of Liquid Waste from Oil Palm Mill on the Growth of Oil Palm Plant (Elaeis guinensis, Jacq)
Authors: Malsriwijaya Bakri , Bernas Siti Masreah , Budianta Dedik , Said Muhammad
Published: March 2018

Waste water from oil palm mill can be utilized for irrigation and fertilization on plantation land (land application) because it contains nutrients required by plant and its capability to decrease negative impact on environment. The waste water was sprayed on oil palm plant having 4 months, 8 months and 12 months old. This study was conducted within plastic house using Factorial Completely Randomized Design which consisted of liquid waste concentration with 6 levels as well as oil palm plant ages with three replications. The research objective was to determine the respond of oil palm plant at different ages to the addition of liquid waste concentrations from oil palm mill. The plants were planted within drum consisting of soil from tidal swamp land and liquid waste from private oil palm mill in Banyuasin District. Liquid waste characteristics of oil palm mill from anaerobe pond were as follows: BOD = 24,820.2 mg/l, N =  650.2 mg/l, P = 25 mg/l and K = 295.1 mg/l. Data was tested by using statistical method to determine treatments effect and followed by difference test amongst treatments. The results showed that plant age treatments had highly significant effect on plant height, numbers of stem and plant dry mater weight. Treatment of liquid waste doses had highly significant effect on plant height in 5 months after treatment and plant dry matter weight. Interaction between liquid waste doses and plant ages had no significant effect. Treatment of 12 months plant age and liquid waste of oil palm mill at dose of 2,500 mg/l was significantly different from other treatments. Keywords:  Waste Water of Oil Palm Mill -Plant Age – Plant Growth