bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic tension pneumocephalus and cystic angiomatosis of the skull: case report
Authors: Osman Haythem H. , Abdullah Nazik E. , Alhassan Ghada S. , Nafie Tarig A. , Abdellatief Murtada I. , Abdelsatir Ali M. , Elzein Khalid O. , Ahmed Emad I.
Published: December 2021

Background

Tension pneumocephalus is an increasing air trapped intracranially. Either spontaneous, post-traumatic or iatrogenic in origin. Cystic angiomatosis is a benign vascular hamartoma of the skeleton, when acquired it is either due to trauma or infection. This is the second report in English literature of post-traumatic delayed tension pneumocephalus with the development of cystic angiomatosis of the skull bone.

Case presentation

A 55-year-old gentlemen, presented with scalp swelling of 6-month duration with history of head trauma 2 years back. The swelling was increasing and associated with progressive walking difficulties and left hearing loss. CT scan and MRI revealed extradural pneumocephalus, parietal and occipital pneumatocele, and multiple lytic bony lesions, left mastoid hyperpneumatization with inner table defect communicating with the extradural space. Diagnosis of delayed extradural tension pneumocephalus was made. Surgical exploration revealed multiple bony defects of parietal, temporal and squamous part of left temporal bones, confirmed extradural pneumocephalus with intact dura. Repair of mastoid defect of (0.5 × 0.5 cm), excision of pneumatocele and removal of lytic bones were performed. Defective bone “cribriform-like” was identified at occipital and parietal regions centrally with a defect of nearly 7 × 7 cm. Future cranioplasty was considered after 6 months. Histology of bony chips and surrounding soft tissues is recognized as cystic angiomatosis.

Conclusions

The present case developed two very rare complications, following trivial head trauma; the first complication was delayed extradural tension pneumocephalus with pneumatocele which presented 2 years after trauma, the origin of air was from a defect of the inner table of the mastoid, the second complication was cystic angiomatosis of the skull bones. Both complications were managed surgically in one operative session as a combined neurosurgery and otolaryngology teams approach.
Ultralow-frequency amplitude variation with angle inversion of plane-wave primary reflection seismograms
Authors: Amundsen Lasse , Ursin Bjørn
Published: December 2021

An amplitude variation with angle (AVA) inversion method is presented for estimating density and velocities of a stratified elastic medium from reflection seismograms in the intercept time-horizontal slowness domain. The elastic medium parameters are assumed to vary continuously with depth. The seismograms are Green’s function precritical incidence primary P-wave reflections of time length [Formula: see text], assumed to obey differential equations of a model for elastic primary P-wave backscattering, similar to seismograms representing the first term in the well-known Bremmer series/Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys iterative solution model. A relation is found between the plane-wave Green’s function seismograms at each horizontal slowness and the medium properties in time. The Green’s function seismograms after normal-moveout correction are directly inverted for the medium parameters as a function of zero-offset traveltime. It is documented theoretically and verified numerically that the signal at the fundamental frequency [Formula: see text] must be present in the seismograms for the AVA method to provide the parameter trends of the elastic medium, implying that ultralow frequencies <1 Hz for [Formula: see text] s must be generated and recorded. Noise in the seismograms at ultralow frequencies is not considered because the theoretical AVA model does not handle microseisms that would be measured in real data. The main mathematical findings are illustrated by using simple model seismograms.
Time-lapse seismic data inversion for estimating reservoir parameters using deep learning
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Zhong Zhi , Sun Alexander , Fomel Sergey
Published: December 2021

Geologic carbon sequestration involves the injection of captured carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) into subsurface formations for long-term storage. The movement and fate of the injected [Formula: see text] plume is of great concern to regulators because monitoring helps to identify potential leakage zones and determines the possibility of safe long-term storage. To address this concern, we design a deep-learning framework for [Formula: see text] saturation monitoring to determine the geologic controls on the storage of the injected [Formula: see text]. We use different combinations of porosities and permeabilities for a given reservoir to generate saturation and velocity models. We train the deep-learning model with a few time-lapse seismic images and their corresponding changes in saturation values for a particular [Formula: see text] injection site. The deep-learning model learns the mapping from the change in the time-lapse seismic response to the change in [Formula: see text] saturation during the training phase. We then apply the trained model to data sets comprising different time-lapse seismic image slices (corresponding to different time instances) generated using different porosity and permeability distributions that are not part of the training to estimate the [Formula: see text] saturation values along with the plume extent. Our algorithm provides a deep-learning assisted framework for the direct estimation of [Formula: see text] saturation values and plume migration in heterogeneous formations using the time-lapse seismic data. Our method improves the efficiency of time-lapse inversion by streamlining the large number of intermediate steps in the conventional time-lapse inversion workflow. This method also helps to incorporate the geologic uncertainty for a given reservoir by accounting for the statistical distribution of porosity and permeability during the training phase. Tests on different examples verify the effectiveness of our approach.
The risk of common mental disorders in Indigenous Australians experiencing traumatic life events
Authors: Nasir Bushra Farah , Ryan Elizabeth G. , Black Emma B. , Kisely Stephen , Gill Neeraj S. , Beccaria Gavin , Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan Srinivas , Nicholson Geoffrey C. , Toombs Maree
Published: December 2021

Background

Experiencing traumatic life events is associated with an increased risk of common mental disorders (CMDs), but studies investigating this association within Indigenous populations are limited.

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between trauma and CMDs after controlling for other exposures.

Method

Trauma exposures and CMD diagnoses were determined in a broadly representative sample of 544 Indigenous Australians, using a diagnostic clinical interview. Associations were determined by multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Trauma exposure independently predicted CMDs. After adjustment for potential confounders, trauma exposure was associated with a 4.01-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of a CMD in the past 12 months. The increased risks were 4.38-, 2.65- and 2.78-fold of having an anxiety disorder, mood disorder or a substance use disorder, respectively. Trauma exposure and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder was associated with a 4.53-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of a mood disorder, 2.47-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of a substance use disorder, and 3.58-fold increased risk of any diagnosis of a CMD, in the past 12 months. Experiencing both sexual and physical violence was associated with a 4.98-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder in the past 12 months.

Conclusions

Indigenous Australians experience significantly increased exposure to potentially harmful trauma compared with non-Indigenous Australians. Preventing and healing trauma exposure is paramount to reduce the high burden of CMDs in this population.
Improved Outcome in Children With Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Neuroblastoma Treated With Chemoimmunotherapy: Updated Results of a Phase II Study Using hu14.18K322A
Authors: Furman Wayne L. , McCarville Beth , Shulkin Barry L. , Davidoff Andrew , Krasin Matthew , Hsu Chia-Wei , Pan Haitao , Wu Jianrong , Brennan Rachel , Bishop Michael W. , Helmig Sara , Stewart Elizabeth , Navid Fariba , Triplett Brandon , Santana Victor , Santiago Teresa , Hank Jacquelyn A. , Gillies Stephen D. , Yu Alice , Sondel Paul M. , Leung Wing H. , Pappo Alberto , Federico Sara M.
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE

We evaluated whether combining a humanized antidisialoganglioside monoclonal antibody (hu14.18K322A) throughout therapy improves early response and outcomes in children with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We conducted a prospective, single-arm, three-stage, phase II clinical trial. Six cycles of induction chemotherapy were coadministered with hu14.18K322A, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2). The consolidation regimen included busulfan and melphalan. When available, an additional cycle of parent-derived natural killer cells with hu14.18K322A was administered during consolidation (n = 31). Radiation therapy was administered at the end of consolidation. Postconsolidation treatment included hu14.18K322A, GM-CSF, IL-2, and isotretinoin. Early response was assessed after the first two cycles of induction therapy. End-of-induction response, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.

RESULTS

Sixty-four patients received hu14.18K322A with induction chemotherapy. This regimen was well tolerated, with continuous infusion narcotics. Partial responses (PRs) or better after the first two chemoimmunotherapy cycles occurred in 42 of 63 evaluable patients (66.7%; 95% CI, 55.0 to 78.3). Primary tumor volume decreased by a median of 75% (range, 100% [complete disappearance]-5% growth). Median peak hu14.18K322A serum levels in cycle one correlated with early response to therapy ( P = .0154, one-sided t-test). Sixty of 62 patients (97%) had an end-of-induction partial response or better. No patients experienced progressive disease during induction. The 3-year EFS was 73.7% (95% CI, 60.0 to 83.4), and the OS was 86.0% (95% CI, 73.8 to 92.8), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Adding hu14.18K322A to induction chemotherapy improved early objective responses, significantly reduced tumor volumes in most patients, improved end-of-induction response rates, and yielded an encouraging 3-year EFS. These results, if validated in a larger study, may be practice changing.
Two cell line models to study multiorganic metastasis and immunotherapy in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Valencia Karmele , Sainz Cristina , Bértolo Cristina , de Biurrun Gabriel , Agorreta Jackeline , Azpilikueta Arantza , Larrayoz Marta , Bosco Graziella , Zandueta Carolina , Redrado Miriam , Redín Esther , Exposito Francisco , Serrano Diego , Echepare Mirari , Ajona Daniel , Melero Ignacio , Pio Ruben , Thomas Roman , Calvo Alfonso , Montuenga Luis M.
Published: December 2021

There is a paucity of adequate mouse models and cell lines available to study lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). We have generated and characterized two models of phenotypically different transplantable LUSC cell lines, i.e. UN-SCC679 and UN-SCC680, derived from A/J mice that had been chemically induced with N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU). Furthermore, we genetically characterized and compared both LUSC cell lines by performing whole-exome and RNA sequencing. These experiments revealed similar genetic and transcriptomic patterns that may correspond to the classic LUSC human subtype. In addition, we compared the immune landscape generated by both tumor cells lines in vivo and assessed their response to immune checkpoint inhibition. The differences between the two cell lines are a good model for the remarkable heterogeneity of human squamous cell carcinoma. Study of the metastatic potential of these models revealed that both cell lines represent the organotropism of LUSC in humans, i.e. affinity to the brain, bones, liver and adrenal glands. In summary, we have generated valuable cell line tools for LUSC research, which recapitulates the complexity of the human disease.
Altered protein secretion in Batten disease
Authors: Huber Robert J.
Published: December 2021

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), collectively known as Batten disease, are a group of neurological diseases that affect all ages and ethnicities worldwide. There are 13 different subtypes of NCL, each caused by a mutation in a distinct gene. The NCLs are characterized by the accumulation of undigestible lipids and proteins in various cell types. This leads to progressive neurodegeneration and clinical symptoms including vision loss, progressive motor and cognitive decline, seizures, and premature death. These diseases have commonly been characterized by lysosomal defects leading to the accumulation of undigestible material but further research on the NCLs suggests that altered protein secretion may also play an important role. This has been strengthened by recent work in biomedical model organisms, including Dictyostelium discoideum, mice, and sheep. Research in D. discoideum has reported the extracellular localization of some NCL-related proteins and the effects of NCL-related gene loss on protein secretion during unicellular growth and multicellular development. Aberrant protein secretion has also been observed in mammalian models of NCL, which has allowed examination of patient-derived cerebrospinal fluid and urine for potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Accumulated evidence links seven of the 13 known NCL-related genes to protein secretion, suggesting that altered secretion is a common hallmark of multiple NCL subtypes. This Review highlights the impact of altered protein secretion in the NCLs, identifies potential biomarkers of interest and suggests that future work in this area can provide new therapeutic insight.
Cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network at a glance
Authors: Ford Charlotte , Parchure Anup , von Blume Julia , Burd Christopher G.
Published: December 2021

The Golgi functions principally in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycoproteins and lipids. It is compartmentalized into multiple flattened adherent membrane sacs termed cisternae, which each contain a distinct repertoire of resident proteins, principally enzymes that modify newly synthesized proteins and lipids sequentially as they traffic through the stack of Golgi cisternae. Upon reaching the final compartments of the Golgi, the trans cisterna and trans-Golgi network (TGN), processed glycoproteins and lipids are packaged into coated and non-coated transport carriers derived from the trans Golgi and TGN. The cargoes of clathrin-coated vesicles are chiefly residents of endo-lysosomal organelles, while uncoated carriers ferry cargo to the cell surface. There are outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting within the Golgi for export to different organelles. Nonetheless, conceptual advances have begun to define the key molecular features of cargo clients and the mechanisms underlying their sorting into distinct export pathways, which we have collated in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster.
Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by Phosphotungstate and Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide Hybrid
Authors: Miyoshi Akinobu , Shimoyama Yuto , Mogi Hiroto , Ubukata Hiroki , Hirayama Naoki , Tanaka Ayu , Arai Kenji , Morita Soichiro , Yui Tatsuto , Uchida Sayaka , Motohashi Teruki , Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Kageyama Hiroshi , Maeda Kazuhiko
Published: December 2021

Immobilization of phosphotungstate ([PW12O40]3−) in the interlayer space of a Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) resulted in an absorption edge at ∼350 nm, different from the pristine LDH or the POM (either in aqueous solution or in the solid state). The obtained hybrid showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for water oxidation in the presence of Ag+ as an electron acceptor.
Developing the Positional Characteristics of a Dance-Specific Star Excursion Balance Test (dsSEBT)
Authors: Beckman Samantha , Brouner James
Published: December 2021

Current dynamic balance tests do not sufficiently test all aspects of balance required for dancers in everyday training and performances. The aim of this study was to examine alterations to the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) to ensure a more dance-specific protocol. Twenty-four
healthy ballet and contemporary dancers (age: 22.21 ± 6.47 years) participated in completing five different variations of the SEBT. This research implemented upper-body restrictions commonly used in dance settings and tested the effects of two different foot positions, parallel and
turned out, as well as two alternate balance surfaces, a foam balance pad and a firm yoga block. Reach distances (percent of limb length), center of pressure (COP, cm2), error scores, and time to completion were measured. Overall, the dance-specific upper body restrictions did not
affect the dancer's ability to reach maximally and achieve a successful trial as there were no significant differences between the original SEBT and the dance-specific SEBT parallel condition (p = 1.00). The foam and block conditions were found to be significantly more difficult due to lower
reach distance values, higher COP values, and higher error score values when compared to the original, parallel, and turnout positions (p < 0.05). Lastly, it was discovered that 62.61% of all errors made were in the crossed side and crossed front spokes, suggesting these are the most difficult
reach directions to accomplish. The variations used in the study will aid in developing a reliable dance-specific dynamic balance test.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Peru
Authors: Arteaga-Zarate Guadalupe , Demarini-Olivares Gina , Torres-Slimming Paola A. , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
Published: December 2021

Background:

Information about the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) awareness in the prevalence of anxiety disorders is scarce. Moreover, reports from resource-constrained and semiurban settings are usually focused on hospital-based data, instead of population-based surveys. We aimed to evaluate the association between T2DM and anxiety symptoms, with emphasis on T2DM awareness.

Methods:

A secondary data analysis was conducted using information from a population-based study. The outcome of interest was the presence of anxiety symptoms assessed by the Goldberg anxiety test, while the exposure variable was T2DM, defined using the oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, another definition was used based on self-reported T2DM awareness of previous diagnosis. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported using Poisson regression models.

Results:

Data from 1,607 participants, of mean age 48.2 (SD: 10.6) years, and 809 (50.3%) females, were analyzed. Of all participants, 176 (11.0%; 95% CI: 9.5%–12.6%) had T2DM, 105 (59.7%) were aware of previous diagnosis, and 674 (41.9%; 95% CI: 39.5%–44.4%) had anxiety symptoms. In multivariable model, T2DM was not associated with anxiety symptoms (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.99–1.36); however, individuals aware of T2DM diagnosis had a 36% (95% CI: 14%–64%) greater prevalence of anxiety symptoms compared to those without T2DM. Additionally, those aware of T2DM diagnosis had a 56% (95% CI: 13%-116%) higher probability to have anxiety symptoms compared to those not aware of T2DM diagnosis.  

Conclusions:

The association between T2DM and anxiety symptoms was present among those participants who self-reported T2DM diagnosis, as opposed to those with T2DM but not aware and to those without T2DM. Evaluation of anxiety symptoms may be relevant among those with previous T2DM diagnosis.
Coping with Covid – 19 In New Normal - Influence of Management Measures on Employee Wellbeing in Hotels
Authors: Naskar Navanita , Thomas Nita
Published: December 2021

The hospitality industry is a place where there is high interaction among guests and employees. The employee should comply with protective measures against COVID-19. The management team should develop standards for employee wellbeing in hotels. This study was conducted to understand the influence of the management measures on the well-being of employees during COVID-19. Further, it aims to understand any relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Additionally, it also tries to find any significant difference between the age groups and gender categories. SPSS was used as a tool for analysis. 301 responses were collected for a nonparametric correlations test. Mann Whitney U test, univariate analysis of age variance was done to find if there is a significant difference between the variables and age group. The results show a high correlation between the working condition measures and employee wellbeing. This resulted in the acceptance of the null hypothesis.
Online psychotherapy during COVID-19 pandemic - experiences of psychotherapists. Research review.
Authors: Konieczny Krystian
Published: December 2021

In 2019, mass infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the disease caused by it became the reason for global social, economic and health crises. This situation required changes, also in the field of psychotherapeutic practice and the implementation of new solutions. One of the possibilities of continuing services provision was to start the Internet usage
Aim: The purpose of this paper is to review the latest research related to the experiences of psychotherapists working online during the pandemic. An additional goal is to present the broadest possible analysis of the literature based on research conducted in various countries around the world.
Materials: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and PsycNet were searched for a review. From among the search results that met the general criteria, those related to psychotherapeutic practice in the given countries were selected.
Conclusions: Online psychotherapy has become a significant component of psychotherapeutic practice during a pandemic. Earlier expectations and concerns could be verified. The presented results of selected studies create a picture of the functioning of psychotherapists in many countries and constitute the basis for future research and forecasts for the development of psychotherapy after the pandemic.
Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis as a COVID-19 Mimicker
Authors: Ramanujam Deeksha , Nasrullah Adeel , Ashraf Obaid , Bahr Marshall , Malik Khalid
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne illness caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. HGA has a widely variable clinical presentation and can be life-threatening. Case description: A 77-year-old man was transferred from an outside facility with altered mental status, a fever of up to 40.5°C, and shortness of breath. Laboratory analysis revealed a progressively worsening pro-inflammatory state and abnormalities in the patient’s coagulation studies. With clinical and laboratory evidence concerning for potential COVID-19 infection, the patient was placed in isolation as a precaution. The results of two COVID-19 tests, given approximately 24 hours apart, were negative. The patient’s spouse confirmed a bug bite to his upper extremity while working outdoors. His symptoms resolved completely after a 10-day course of empiric doxycycline. Discussion: The diverse clinical presentations of HGA necessitate a broad differential diagnosis, including viral, bacterial and non-infectious aetiologies. In severe cases, a cytokine-mediated immune cascade can occur (namely, cytokine storm) leading to devastating downstream effects. This cytokine storm can be seen in many other diseases, but most recently it has been demonstrated in the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Conclusion: Here we present a case of HGA in which diagnosis was delayed due to mimicry of COVID-19 infection. This case highlights the importance of taking clinical and social histories, seasonality and geography into account during diagnosis, and maintaining a broad differential with non-specific symptoms. Despite the current COVID-19 pandemic, we recommend that HGA remains in the differential diagnosis of a pro-inflammatory state with an atypical respiratory presentation.
Explanatory Variables of Dropout in Colombian Public Education: Evolution Limited to Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Barragán-Moreno Sandra Patricia , Lozano-Galindo Oscar Leonardo
Published: December 2021

Student dropout, defined as the temporary or definitive suspension of the exercise of the right to education, is attributable to multiple variables classified into individual, academic, institutional, and socioeconomic determinants which may be exacerbated in the context of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Consequently, this work aims to synthesize, from the available evidence, the behaviour and influence of the explanatory variables of school dropout in infant school, primary school and, high school in Colombia for the period 2014-2019 compared to the period 2020-2021 under the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The research methodology consisted of a systematic review of 125 indexed articles for 2014-2019 and 32 reports related to dropout in Colombian Basic education for the 2020-2021 period. The systematic review of the 157 articles revealed that dropout was studied and explained in both time periods, mainly from the academic determinant whose most cited explanatory variables were: ‘teachers’, ‘curriculum’ and ‘methodologies used’. Moreover, it could be perceived that in the period 2014-2019, the socioeconomic variable was the second dropout determinant, considering ‘family income” as the most important indicator, while in 2020-2021 the “infrastructure” and the ‘political environment’ remained as the most dominant. Lastly, in 2020-2021, the variable ‘teachers’ was highly cited showing that their practice made students maintain their interest despite the physical distance.
Factors Affecting Student Satisfaction with Higher Education Service Quality in Vietnam
Authors: Hai Nguyen Chi
Published: December 2021

Higher education plays an important role in providing students with knowledge and skills to enter the labor market. The quality of higher education, the satisfaction of the quality of higher education has been concerned by many individuals and organizations. The study aims to explore the factors affecting student satisfaction with the quality of higher education services in Vietnam. Research data was collected from survey results by questionnaires from 396 students of An Giang University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. SPSS 20, AMOS 24 software is used for analysis and evaluation of scales through Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient; exploratory factor analysis EFA; CFA confirmatory factor; SEM linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The results of the SEM model study show that there are six factors affecting student satisfaction with the quality of higher education services in Vietnam, including teaching staff; facilities and teaching facilities; ability to serve; educational activities; student support activities; education programs. From the research results, discussions on educational administration are proposed to improve student satisfaction with the quality of higher education services in Vietnam.
An Investigation of the Educational Challenges During COVID-19: A Case Study of Saudi Students' Experience
Authors: Ishtiaq-Khan Raja Muhammad , Ali Ashraf , Alourani Abdullah , Kumar Tribhuwan , Shahbaz Muhammad
Published: December 2021

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has shaken the world, forcing countries to implement a state of emergency, including the education system. Students have been forced to remain in hostels or houses since they cannot get to university campuses. As a result of this predicament, university authorities have no option but to implement an online learning environment. Specifically, Saudi universities have faced numerous difficulties in bringing the online learning systems to continue the educational process. On the other hand, students faced difficulties to cope with such circumstances (complete online learning) without any preparation or backup plan. According to the findings of the literature research, students experienced difficulties that were difficult to overcome. The aim of this study was to determine the challenges that first-year students of the University faced. The present research got a total of 234 valid responses from the participants. The findings indicate that respondents were not fully prepared in this situation in terms of physical, environmental, and psychological readiness, with some variances in viewpoints depending on their gender and age. Respondents expressed concern about the effect of lockdown on their ability to perform well academically. In this study, the researchers found that switching suddenly to an all-online alternative cause significant obstacles for students. It was determined that the present blended learning model, which utilizes online learning to support face-to-face instruction, has encountered a critical challenge when it comes towards replacing it, particularly with underprepared learners.
Ten-year comparison of two different techniques for femoral bone cavity preparation—broaching versus compaction in patients with cementless total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Okowinski Maciej , Hjorth Mette Holm , Mosegaard Sebastian Breddam , Jürgens-Lahnstein Jonathan Hugo , Storgaard Jakobsen Stig , Hedevang Christensen Poul , Kold Søren , Stilling Maiken
Published: December 2021

Aims

Femoral bone preparation using compaction technique has been shown to preserve bone and improve implant fixation in animal models. No long-term clinical outcomes are available. There are no significant long-term differences between compaction and broaching techniques for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in terms of migration, clinical, and radiological outcomes.

Methods

A total of 28 patients received one-stage bilateral primary THA with cementless femoral stems (56 hips). They were randomized to compaction on one femur and broaching on the contralateral femur. Overall, 13 patients were lost to the ten-year follow-up leaving 30 hips to be evaluated in terms of stem migration (using radiostereometry), radiological changes, Harris Hip Score, Oxford Hip Score, and complications.

Results

Over a mean follow-up period of 10.6 years, the mean stem subsidence was similar between groups, with a mean of -1.20 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.28 to -0.12) in the broaching group and a mean of -0.73 mm (95% CI -1.65 to 0.20) in the compaction group (p = 0.07). The long-term migration patterns of all stems were similar. The clinical and radiological outcomes were similar between groups. There were two intraoperative fractures in the compaction group that were fixed with cable wire and healed without complications. No stems were revised.

Conclusion

Similar stem subsidence and radiological and clinical outcomes were identified after the use of compaction and broaching techniques of the femur at long-term follow-up. Only the compaction group had intraoperative periprosthetic femur fractures, but there were no long-term consequences of these. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(12):1035–1042.
Redações jornalísticas em contexto de convergência: um estudo comparativo exploratório no Brasil, na Costa Rica e na Inglaterra
Authors: Santos Ébida , Medeiros Benedito , Lenzi Alexandre , Ghinea Gheorghita
Published: December 2021

Este artigo faz um estudo comparativo exploratório para ajudar a compreender como redações jornalísticas no Brasil, na Costa Rica e na Inglaterra se relacionam com a convergência.A metodologia envolveu idas a campo e entrevistas, sintetizadas em quadros comparativos com base em dimensões propostas por Salaverría (2003) e subdimensões elaboradas pelos autores. À guisa da conclusão apresentamos um mapa mental de um modelo explicativo multinível de convergência, que demonstra como se dão os processos e as relações na produção jornalística.
EDITORIAL V.20, Nº43
Authors: Pessoni Arquimedes
Published: December 2021

Editorial da Revista C&I V.20,nº43
Editorial CI Vol.20,nº44
Authors: Pessoni Arquimedes
Published: December 2021

Editorial da edição V.20. n.44
The Association between Facial Morphology and Cold Pattern
Authors: Ahn Ilkoo , Bae Kwang-Ho , Jin Hee-Jeong , Lee Siwoo
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Facial diagnosis is an important part of clinical diagnosis in traditional East Asian Medicine. In this paper, using a fully automated facial shape analysis system, we show that facial morphological features are associated with cold pattern.Methods: The facial morphological features calculated from 68 facial landmarks included the angles, areas, and distances between the landmark points of each part of the face. Cold pattern severity was determined using a questionnaire and the cold pattern scores (CPS) were used for analysis. The association between facial features and CPS was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient and partial correlation coefficients.Results: The upper chin width and the lower chin width were negatively associated with CPS. The distance from the center point to the middle jaw and the distance from the center point to the lower jaw were negatively associated with CPS. The angle of the face outline near the ear and the angle of the chin line were positively associated with CPS. The area of the upper part of the face and the area of the face except the sensory organs were negatively associated with CPS. The number of facial morphological features that exhibited a statistically significant correlation with CPS was 37 (unadjusted).Conclusions: In this study of a Korean population, subjects with a high CPS had a more pointed chin, longer face, more angular jaw, higher eyes, and more upward corners of the mouth, and their facial sensory organs were relatively widespread.
Effect of Reducing Inflammation of Coptis chinensis Extract -Ceramide Complex through ECS Control in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Ahn Sang Hyun , Kim Ki Bong
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm effect of reducing inflammation of Coptis chinensis extract -ceramide complex through the endocannabinoid system (ECS) control in atopic dermatitis.Methods: 8-week-old ICR mice were divided into normal group (Ctrl), lipid barrier elimination group (ADE), palmitoylethanolamide treated group after lipid barrier elimination (PEAT), and Coptis chinensis extract-ceramide complex applied group after lipid barrier elimination (CRA). After inducing atopic dermatitis, cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1, CB2, CD68, p-IκB, iNOS, substance P and serotonin were observed to confirm the regulation of the ECS, macrophage activity and mast cell activity.Results: CB1 and CB2 showed higher positive reactions in the CRA than in the ADE and PEAT. CD68, p-IκB and iNOS showed higher positive reaction in the ADE, PEAT and CRA than in the Ctrl, but the increase in the positive reaction was lower in the CEA compared to the ADE and PEAT. Substance P and serotonin showed higher positive reaction in the ADE, PEAT and CRA than in the Ctrl, but the increase in the positive reaction was lower in the CEA compared to the ADE and PEAT.Conclusions: The effects of Coptis chinensis extract -ceramide complex were confirmed on the regulation of the ECS, macrophage activity and mast cell activity.
A Narrative Review of Clinical researches of Acupuncture treatment for Depression using Neuroimaging method: Focusing on SCI papers
Authors: Lee Dong Hyuk
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to investigate the current status of clinical studies of acupuncture treatment for depression using neuroimaging method, focusing on SCI papers.Methods: We searched for clinical trial studies of acupuncture treatment for depression using neuroimaging method in the MEDLINE (Pubmed), OASIS, and RISS database. Once the online search was finished, studies were selected manually by the inclusion criteria. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of selected articles and reviewed the neural substrates of acupuncture treatment in depression.Results: Total eight studies were included in this study. The most frequently utilized modality was functional MRI. The most frequently selected acupoint for depression was GV20. Several studies revealed that acupuncture treatment could improve the symptoms of depression. In this manuscript, we demonstrated that neuroimaging techniques could capture the neural substrates associated with depression and acupuncture treatment may modulate the activation of brain areas which were impaired in depression in a different way from sham acupuncture.Conclusions: Utilizing neuroimaging methods to explore neural mechanism of acupuncture treatment on depression would be helpful in clinical trials and more efforts should be needed in this fields.
Making the tea or making it to the top? How gender stereotypes impact women fundraisers’ careers
Authors: Dale Elizabeth J. , Breeze Beth
Published: December 2021

This article explores gender stereotypes, discrimination and harassment in the fundraising profession and their impact on women’s fundraising careers. Using a feminist analysis, we investigate the types of gender-based stereotyping and harassment experienced by women who are members of the United Kingdom professional fundraising membership body, where 75% of female survey respondents reported experiencing stereotyping. Qualitative analysis of 366 respondents’ examples of gender-based stereotyping and data from three focus groups demonstrate how the fundraising profession is gendered, its impact on women and what actions need to be taken to tackle visible and unseen barriers that affect women’s careers. We conclude by emphasising the necessity for researchers to investigate non-profit and voluntary organisations with a critical orientation that accounts for the ways in which power is reinforced along categories of gender, age, race, class, disability and sexuality in order to realise the full potential of individual employees and the sector.
Optical coherence tomography-guided confocal Raman microspectroscopy for rapid measurements in tissues
Authors: Ren Xiaojing , Lin Kan , Hsieh Chao-Mao , Liu Linbo , Ge Xin , Liu Quan
Published: December 2021

We report a joint system with both confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) modules capable of quickly addressing the region of interest in a tissue for targeted Raman measurements from OCT. By using an electrically tunable lens in the Raman module, the focus of the module can be adjusted to address any specific depth indicated in an OCT image in a few milliseconds. We demonstrate the performance of the joint system in the depth dependent measurements of an ex vivo swine tissue and in vivo human skin. This system can be useful in measuring samples embedded with small targets, for example, to identify tumors in skin in vivo and assessment of tumor margins, in which OCT can be used to perform initial real-time screening with high throughput based on morphological features to identify suspicious targets then CRS is guided to address the targets in real time and fully characterize their biochemical fingerprints for confirmation.
Fiber-optic large-depth 3D chromatic confocal endomicroscopy
Authors: Yang Xuefang , Wang Ye , Zhang Hejun , Qin Haoye , Wang Siyu , Tong Yihang , Zhou Keji , Sun Rui , Yue Shuhua , Chen Xun , Ding Shigang , Wang Pu
Published: December 2021

Current endoscopy techniques have difficulties to provide both high resolution and large imaging depth, which significantly hinders the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. Here, we developed a label-free, large-depth, three-dimensional (3D) chromatic reflectance confocal endomicroscopy. In order to solve the problem of insufficient imaging depth of traditional chromatic confocal microscopy, a customized miniature objective lens both with large chromatic focal shift and correction for spherical aberration was used to focus light of different wavelengths at different depths of the sample simultaneously, and a fiber bundle containing 50000 single-mode cores was used to collect the confocal reflectance signal. To acquire detailed information along the axial direction at a faster speed, a high-speed multi-pixel spectrometer was used to realize simultaneous detection of multi-depth signals. Specifically, we have built up a label-free fiber-optic 3D chromatic reflectance confocal endomicroscopy, with 2.3 µm lateral resolution, imaging depth of 570 µm in 3D phantom and 220 µm in tissue, and 1.5 Hz 3D volumetric frame rate. We have demonstrated that the fiber-optic 3D chromatic confocal endomicroscopy can be used to image human gastric tissues ex vivo, and provide important morphological information for diagnosis without labeling. These results show the great potential of the fiber-optic 3D chromatic confocal endomicroscopy for gastric cancer diagnosis.
Deep-3D microscope: 3D volumetric microscopy of thick scattering samples using a wide-field microscope and machine learning
Authors: Li Bowen , Tan Shiyu , Dong Jiuyang , Lian Xiaocong , Zhang Yongbing , Ji Xiangyang , Veeraraghavan Ashok
Published: December 2021

Confocal microscopy is a standard approach for obtaining volumetric
images of a sample with high axial and lateral resolution, especially
when dealing with scattering samples. Unfortunately, a confocal
microscope is quite expensive compared to traditional microscopes. In
addition, the point scanning in confocal microscopy leads to slow
imaging speed and photobleaching due to the high dose of laser energy.
In this paper, we demonstrate how the advances in machine learning can
be exploited to "teach" a traditional wide-field
microscope, one that’s available in every lab, into producing
3D volumetric images like a confocal microscope. The key idea is to
obtain multiple images with different focus settings using a
wide-field microscope and use a 3D generative adversarial network
(GAN) based neural network to learn the mapping between the blurry
low-contrast image stacks obtained using a wide-field microscope and
the sharp, high-contrast image stacks obtained using a confocal
microscope. After training the network with widefield-confocal stack
pairs, the network can reliably and accurately reconstruct 3D
volumetric images that rival confocal images in terms of its lateral
resolution, z-sectioning and image contrast. Our experimental results
demonstrate generalization ability to handle unseen data, stability in
the reconstruction results, high spatial resolution even when imaging
thick (∼40 microns) highly-scattering samples. We believe that
such learning-based microscopes have the potential to bring confocal
imaging quality to every lab that has a wide-field microscope.
Single infrared light pulses induce excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulation
Authors: Zhu Xuedong , Lin Jen-Wei , Turnali Ahmet , Sander Michelle Y.
Published: December 2021

The excitatory and inhibitory effects of single and brief infrared (IR) light pulses (2 µm) with millisecond durations and various power levels are investigated with a custom-built fiber amplification system. Intracellular recordings from motor axons of the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction are performed ex vivo. Single IR light pulses induce a membrane depolarization during the light pulses, which is followed by a hyperpolarization that can last up to 100 ms. The depolarization amplitude is dependent on the optical pulse duration, total energy deposition and membrane potential, but is insensitive to tetrodotoxin. The hyperpolarization reverses its polarity near the potassium equilibrium potential and is barium-sensitive. The membrane depolarization activates an action potential (AP) when the axon is near firing threshold, while the hyperpolarization reversibly inhibits rhythmically firing APs. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that single and brief IR light pulses can evoke initial depolarization followed by hyperpolarization on individual motor axons. The corresponding mechanisms and functional outcomes of the dual effects are investigated.
Simultaneous control of amplitude and phase via shifting isotropy to anisotropy for achieving holographic meta-mirror
Authors: Wang He , Cheng Yang , Huang Lingling , Li Yongfeng , Bai Hui , Zhao Ruizhe , Wei Qunshuo , Wan Weipeng , Chen Hongya , Zhang Jieqiu , Qu Shaobo
Published: December 2021

Although the emerging isotropic and uniaxially anisotropic metasurfaces have been demonstrated to provide diverse ways for achieving the manipulation of electromagnetic waves, the simultaneous control of both amplitude and phase with designated spin states is still an academic challenge, especially in microwave domain. Here, a paradigm of shifting meta-atom symmetry is proposed to push the development of this difficult issue. A split-ring structure with four identical gaps is applied as a proof-of-principle. By properly arranging the relative positions of four gaps, the electromagnetic characteristics of the meta-atom can be shifted from isotropy to anisotropy. The amplitude of the cross-polarized component of reflective electromagnetic wave is smoothly changed from 0 to 1. Assisted by the Pancharatnam-Berry phase principle, the phase manipulation of anisotropic meta-atom is governed by the control of pivoting. The phase gradient metasurface with uniform amplitude modulation is used as preliminary verification. Subsequently, the complex-amplitude holographic meta-mirrors are designed to promote the proposed paradigm to the application level. Numerical simulations and experimental demonstrations are carried out to reconstruct the holographic images of “B”, “I”, and “T”. Encouragingly, the proposed paradigm may be extended in the applications of circular polarized meta-devices and on-chip systems.
Engaging biological oscillators through second messenger pathways permits emergence of a robust gastric slow-wave during peristalsis
Authors: Ahmed Md Ashfaq , Venugopal Sharmila , Jung Ranu
Published: December 2021

Peristalsis, the coordinated contraction—relaxation of the muscles of the stomach is important for normal gastric motility and is impaired in motility disorders. Coordinated electrical depolarizations that originate and propagate within a network of interconnected layers of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and smooth muscle (SM) cells of the stomach wall as a slow-wave, underly peristalsis. Normally, the gastric slow-wave oscillates with a single period and uniform rostrocaudal lag, exhibiting network entrainment. Understanding of the integrative role of neurotransmission and intercellular coupling in the propagation of an entrained gastric slow-wave, important for understanding motility disorders, however, remains incomplete. Using a computational framework constituted of a novel gastric motility network (GMN) model we address the hypothesis that engaging biological oscillators (i.e., ICCs) by constitutive gap junction coupling mechanisms and enteric neural innervation activated signals can confer a robust entrained gastric slow-wave. We demonstrate that while a decreasing enteric neural innervation gradient that modulates the intracellular IP3concentration in the ICCs can guide the aboral slow-wave propagation essential for peristalsis, engaging ICCs by recruiting the exchange of second messengers (inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and Ca2+) ensures a robust entrained longitudinal slow-wave, even in the presence of biological variability in electrical coupling strengths. Our GMN with the distinct intercellular coupling in conjunction with the intracellular feedback pathways and a rostrocaudal enteric neural innervation gradient allows gastric slow waves to oscillate with a moderate range of frequencies and to propagate with a broad range of velocities, thus preventing decoupling observed in motility disorders. Overall, the findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the emergence of decoupled slow waves associated with motility impairments of the stomach, offer directions for future experiments and theoretical work, and can potentially aid in the design of new interventional pharmacological and neuromodulation device treatments for addressing gastric motility disorders.