bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovación y Economía Circular en el Turismo
Authors:   Universidad de Huelva, España, Vargas-Sánchez Alfonso
Published: December 2021

La transición hacia una Economía Circular, es decir, hacia una economía orientada a la eliminación de los residuos, es uno de los grandes vectores de innovación y cambio del presente siglo, al que el sector turístico no es ajeno. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es doble: por una parte, exponer los principios de aplicación de la Economía Circular en dicho sector, con singular referencia a los nuevos modelos de negocio circulares; y por otra, presentar los primeros avances en este campo a nivel de un destino turístico en la provincia de Huelva (España). El estudio exploratorio realizado revela las prioridades de los empresarios, que ratifican determinadas apreciaciones puestas de manifiesto en la literatura. La toma de conciencia entre los mismos parece existir, pero se echa en falta una acción colectiva a nivel de destino que la canalice en acciones concretas articuladas en un plan.
espiritualismo no pensamento de Nestor Victor
Authors: Neves Roberto da França
Published: December 2021

Em diversos momentos de sua carreira de escritor, Nestor Victor combateu o sectarismo e engrandeceu a primazia da consciência sobre a matéria. Adepto da corrente de pensamento espiritualista, compreendeu perfeitamente a eternidade da consciência individual, embora não fosse especificamente seguidor de nenhuma religião. Baseado nos ideais românticos, acreditava na existência do espírito, mas se sentia incomodado com a crença do sobrenatural e o pensamento mágico. Mesmo não se sentindo afeito à adesão a nenhuma denominação religiosa, ao longo de sua carreira divulgou-as, sempre entusiasmado com as manifestações espiritualistas que davam vigor ao senso do mistério na realidade humana. Marcou sua carreira pela admiração das grandes biografias que dedicaram as suas vidas em prol do discurso literário. Apreciava as correspondências que tinham os grandes espíritos entre si e praticava leitura e escritura dos textos com a finalidade de atingir os grandes conceitos éticos. Professor de literatura, ensinou alunos e grandes escritores do seu tempo a perceberem as grandezas espirituais por trás das densidades estéticas.
historia de un anciano bueno: Caracterización narrativa de José en el Protoevangelio de Santiago
Authors: Olivares Carlos
Published: December 2021

El Protoevangelio de Santiago, un texto apócrifo datado en torno al siglo II AD, describe la historia de la concepción y nacimiento de María y Jesús. El autor del escrito también retrata brevemente a José, el cual tiene la función de cuidar y proteger a María. Desde una perspectiva critico-narrativo, este artículo explora la vida de José en este texto no canónico. Literariamente, el ensayo examina la caracterización que el narrador realiza de este personaje, al prestar atención al uso de dos técnicas narrativas: “telling” y “showing”. El término “Telling” se refiere a como el narrador declara, usando su propia voz narrativa, los rasgos característicos que el personaje tiene. La técnica del “Showing” muestra la manera en que esos trazos descriptivos operan en la vida y accionar del personaje estudiado. El trabajo evidencia como el texto apócrifo emplea la figura de José como un recurso apologético de María, quien sirve de guardián y testigo del rol que ella tiene en la concepción y nacimiento de Jesús.
Paciente de 82 años con masa pulmonar de 10 meses de evolución, reporte de caso clínico
Authors: Fernández Freire Miguel , Fernández Alejandro , Pantoja Samanta , Sangoquiza Stalyn , Tixi Ricardo
Published: December 2021

Se presenta una paciente de 82 años, sin sintomatología respiratoria, inicia con dolor inespecífico en hipocondrio izquierdo, sector en el que tras 10 mes aparece una masa. De la cual se toma una biopsia que no es concluyente, pero en exámenes de imagen se observa varios nódulos pulmonares y una masa de la cual se toma una biopsia y se obtiene el diagnóstico.
Influence of tungsten compounds on reaction of 1-octene epoxidation by tert-butyl hydroperoxide and hydroperoxide decomposition
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Makota O. I. , Oliynyk L. P. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Komarenska Z. М. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2021

Catalytic ability of tungsten compounds in the reaction of hydroperoxide epoxidation of 1- octene and tert-butyl hydroperoxide decomposition was investigated. It is shown that the nature of ligand has significant effect on the catalytic activity of tungsten compounds in these reactions. It is established that boride and silicide of tungsten are the best choice for epoxidation reaction, whereas tungsten carbide exhibits poor activity. Tungsten boride is also the most active in the hydroxide decomposition reaction.
Synthesis of thiosulphonate and amino acid derivatives of benzochinone and predicted screening of their biological activity
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Monka N. Y. , Zhurakhivska L. R. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kurka M. S. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shiуan G. B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Semenchuk Yu. М. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lubenets V. I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2021

Quinoid derivatives are attractive not only as interesting synthons for synthesis, but also as potential biologically active substances, so it is important to modify the compounds of the quinone series with different pharmacoform fragments. In this work, the structural design of chlorine and bromanyl disulfur-containing fragments, namely thiosulfonate, and chloranyl – a fragment of 4- aminobutanoic acid. Methods of synthesis were developed and physicochemical characteristics of thiosulfonate and amino acid derivatives were studied: 2,5-bis (thiosulfonate) -3,6-halogen -1,4- benzoquinones and 2,5-bis (3-carboxypropylamino) -3,6 - dichlorobenzoquinone. The prospects for the design of chlorine and bromanyl thiosulfonate fragments and chloranyl fragment of 4- aminobutanoic acid are confirmed by the results of predicting the biological activity of 5 a, b, 6 a, b, 7 using the online resource PASS Online. In particular, the substance 6a obtained by us is promising in terms of research on Antiviral (Picornavirus). The obtained results of predicted cytotoxicity screening indicate the feasibility of conducting experimental studies by in vitro methods on anticancer activity against cancer cell lines of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, lungs, skin, ovaries, blood, breast, kidney, colon, brain.
Identification of promising objects for the synthesis of thiosulphonate derivatives of benzoquinone and hydroquinone
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Monka N. Y. , Stadnytska N. E. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Buchkevych I. R. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kaplia K. O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Shiуan G. B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lubenets V.I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2021

Benzoquinone and its reduced form hydroquinone belong to phenolic compounds and are found in living organisms in free form or in glycosides. They are active substances of some medicinal plants and have a pharmacological effect on the human body. Accordingly, their derivatives are important objects for chemical synthesis and development of new drugs. This article presents the findings of the structural design of substances with benzoquinone or hydroquinone fragment and sulfur-containing compound. By use of appropriate on-line programs a predictive screening of the biological activity and cytotoxicity of thiosulfonate derivatives of benzoquinone and hydroquinone has been conducted. It has been found that they have immense methodological potential to be synthesized by substances with a wide range of biological activities and a high value of probable activity, which substantiates the feasibility of conducting experimental studies on their biological activity, particularly anticancer.
VISUALIZATION OF CULTURE: EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Polonnikov Aleksandr Andreyevich , Korchalova Natalya Dmitriyevna , Korol Dmitriy Yuryevich
Published: December 2021

The authors of the article focus on changes related to education. Education is considered as a communicative construct arising from the process of symbolic interaction between individuals who establish meanings when coordinating their statements. The communicative generation of situations and orders of knowledge is interpreted as educational semiosis. Analyzed is the discourse of modern humanities which are competing with each other in determining the current socio-cultural situation. Highlighted is the research tendency, asserting the point of changing the cultural morphogenesis by means of its visualization processes. Based on this, the hypothesis of a gap between culture and education is put forward. According to this hypothesis, cultural relations are increasingly mediated by figurative participation, while educational practices appeal to verbal and textual forms of the situational mediation. Within the relations between actors in education, this is reflected in the dominance of legitimate (metanarrative) samples, the transmission model of educational knowledge, the communicative preference for orderliness, the desire for unambiguity, the clarity and completeness of logocentric forms of thinking, and so on. The change of the mediation form in the organization of educational interaction and the transition from the verbocentric order to the ocular-centric one, is suggested as a step in the development of modern education. It must affect the way educational relations (educational communication) function, the way words (speech) and images (vision) are inter-related, the principles of students’ orientation in their attitudes to the sign-symbolic world, their partners in interaction, and to themselves. In the first case, the point is to organize educational communication based on the principles of paradoxicality, paralogicality, and disproportionality of statements and images of the situation. Here the most important educational objective is to make the participants of the educational interaction consider their differences in their interpretations of the world, their styles of utterance, and their discursive positioning. In the second case, the educational objective is the liberalization of vision, which emerges in the course of perceptual work emancipated from the primary procedures of interpretation and comprehension of the visible and relying on the action of the image as the context of the statement. The third case is about worldview constants, radical changes in the position of the educational subject, acquiring the experience of self-detachment in learning. In the final analysis, this provides an opportunity for differentiation and diversification of the worlds of human presence.
REDESIGNING AN UNDERGRADUATE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE UNIT: REFLECTIONS ON ALIGNING DEPARTMENTAL PEDAGOGIC OBJECTIVES WITH THE NEW TEACHING PROGRAMME AND ASSESSMENT
Authors: McNeilly Elena
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we look into how the new structure of the final-year undergraduate language assessment introduced by the School of Modern Languages (SML) at the University of Bristol (UoB) has affected the teaching on the final-year programme in the Department of Russian.
This paper tests whether the intended learning outcomes, the content of the course, teaching on the individual modules, the learning resources and the new assessment can be considered as ‘constructively aligned’, i.e., whether the Russian language teaching team working on the new course design succeeded in ensuring that “the learning objectives, the learning processes and the assessment mode and criteria relate systematically to each other”.
We will also explore whether the new blended synchronous and asynchronous teaching fits into the redesigned curriculum and whether the teaching programme continues to address the development of students’ discipline-related and transferable employability skills linked to the three areas of the Bristol Skills Network: knowledge and intellectual abilities; engagement and influence; personal effectiveness and wellbeing.
The key element of this research is the analysis of the anonymous student feedback questionnaire (SFQ) which includes qualitative questions related to all three written modules taught on the redesigned final year Russian language unit: the students were given an opportunity to analyse the quality and effectiveness of their learning on this unit.
INTERNET MEMES AS A WAY OF DEVELOPING FUTURE ENGINEERS’ MOTIVATION TO STUDY A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THEIR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Zakharova Olga Olegovna
Published: December 2021

Introduction The article considers the issue of increasing the motivation of technical university students to study a foreign language using English-language Internet memes, which are considered to be significant material for teaching Generation Z students.
The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the memes’ effectiveness in building motivation to study a foreign language. The research’s scientific novelty is identifying ways of organizing future engineers’ work with memes based on a variable methodological apparatus.
Materials and methods The author analyses the literature on the study of the motivational processes among students of a non-linguistic university studying the English language and using creolized texts to organize their English language-learning process. The research material comprises memes taken from the Internet that correspond to the sections of their discipline program.
Results and discussion A workflow for increasing students’ motivation to learn English based on their work with memes has been designed, including methodological and technological, content-motivational, and reflexive-evaluative modules. A methodological experiment has been carried out to test the proposed methods of increasing students’ motivation. An example of organizing the work with memes is given.
Conclusion. The results of the methodological experiment conducted at the Trekhgorny Technological Institute confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methods of developing students’ motivation.
It was revealed that memes could become a powerful teaching material that helps to increase the motivation of future engineers to learn English.
Fashions of Snæfellsness
Authors: Sepp Kait
Published: December 2021

The sagas of Icelanders (Íslendingasögur) are an important part of European literary history. Both the sagas’ historical background and their literary techniques were studied intensely in the last century, but dress and fashion in Old Norse–Icelandic literature received comparatively little attention in this period. Moreover, the literary corpus and textile history have rarely been used to illuminate one another; however, as this article will demonstrate, synthesising data and methodological approaches from both fields can yield new knowledge about both historical textiles and the sagas.
This article focuses on four of the sagas of Icelanders that are set on the Snæfellsnes peninsula: Bjarnar saga Hítdælakappa, Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss, Eyrbyggja saga, and Víglundar saga. The central question the article poses is, how are social norms and cultural ideas reflected in clothing and textiles in these sagas? This study presents a comprehensive and multifaceted view of the textile and clothing imagery by combining qualitative and quantitative textual analysis showing how the imagery is an integral part of the narrative rather than an embellishment. The article reveals that clothing and textiles serve an array of functions in the sagas which are linked to the societal order. Several themes — such as masculinity, social rank, and the practice of magic — are shown to have a close connection with clothing as well as other textiles.
TOPICS AND KINDS OF TEXT NEEDED IN IMPROVING COLLEGE STUDENTS’ READING SKILL A STUDY OF NEED ANALYSIS AS AN INITIAL STEP TO DEVELOP GENERAL ENGLISH COURSE MATERIAL BASED ON BLENDED LEARNING
Authors: Arianto Muhammad Affandi , Sari Senorica Yulia , Wahyuni Delvi
Published: December 2021

The importance of English language course to be taught in most universities in Indonesia resulted in a policy especially at Universitas Negeri Padang in providing English as a General Course (MKU-English) to be taught to students. The importance of learning material in MKU-English attracted the attention of researchers to analyze the needs of students related to teaching materials such as what is the suitable teaching material to be taught to large classes such as MKU which contains students from various departments. This needs analysis research aims to identify and explain the needs of students that will be as the initial foundation of development of teaching materials covering aspects of the topics, types of text, and skill and components of the language. The samples of this research were 381 students who were taking MKU-English in academic year 2017-2018. By analyzing the results of the questionnaire that has been disseminated, it was found that the students wanted a variety of topics. In addition, students need to learn the types of argumentative and descriptive texts to support their reading skills. In addition, teaching materials are also emphasized on the integration of language components such as grammar.
ENHANCING THE STUDENTS' ABILITY IN USING MODALITY THROUGH SONG IN TEACHING GRAMMAR
Authors: Siska Siska
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research is to describe the students’ ability in studying Grammar especially Modality by using song. Modality as the topic provided in Grammar I that the researcher taught in academic year 2016 and 2017 needed serious concern because the students got difficulties to make the sentences by using modality so that the level of students’ scores in every exercise was in the range of low ability. In this case, the researcher used some songs which contain the lyrics with modality pattern and function as the teaching tool to overcome the students’ problems. The design of this research was descriptive design by using quantitative data because the researcher gave the students some tests to know whether song could increase their abilities in using modality. Then, the researcher described the data gotten from modality tests without manipulations. The result of teaching process and tests indicated that the students got better understanding in using modality and their abilities were significantly improved. It is hoped that the result of this research can motivate and make the other researchers who get the same difficulties in teaching Grammar aware to use song as teaching tool to improve students’ ability in Grammar subject.MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MAHASISWA DALAM PENGGUNAAN MODALITY MELALUI LAGU DALAM PENGAJARAN GRAMMARAbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kemampuan mahasiswa  dalam mempelajari Grammar khususnya pada topik Modality dengan menggunakan lagu. Modality merupakan topik dalam mata kuliah Grammar yang diajarkan pada tahun ajaran 2016 dan 2017 yang sangat membutuhkan perhatian khusus karena mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan untuk membuat kalimat dengan menggunakan Modality sehingga tingkat kemampuan mahasiswa rendah pada setiap latihan yang berhubungan dengan Modality. Karena hal ini, peneliti menggunakan beberapa lagu yang terdari dari lirik- lirik dengan pola- pola dan fungsi Modality sebagai alat pengajaran untuk mengatasii masalah yang dihadapi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan kuantitatif data karena peneliti memberikan beberapa kali tes untuk mengetahui apakah lagu dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam penggunaan Modality. Kemudian peneliti mendeskripsikan data yang diperoleh darii beberapa tes tanpa adanya manipulasi. Hasil dari proses pengajaran dengan menggunakan lagu dan tes menunjukan bahwa mahasiswa memiliki pemahaman yang lebih bagus dalam penggunaan Modality dan kemampuan merekapun sangat meningkat. Sangat diharapkan bahwa hasil penelitian ini dapat memotivasi dan membuat penelitipeneliti lainnya yang mempunyai kesulitan yang sama dalam mengajar Grammar peduli untuk menggunakan lagu sebagai alat pengajaran agar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan Grammar mahasiswa.
Rhetorical Structure and Linguistic Features of Abstracts: A Comparative Study Of Local, National And International Journals In English Education Written by Indonesian Authors
Authors: Arsyad Safnil , Hakim Husnul , Astria Hellen
Published: December 2021

The abstract is an important part of a research article; it is a research summary that must be attached, presented together with the research article. Therefore, the quality of an abstract is explicitly significant. This article aims to determine the similarities and differences of the rhetorical moves and linguistic features of abstracts of local, national, and international journals by Indonesian authors in the field of English language teaching. The method used is descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods or mix-methods by analyzing the communicative objectives and linguistic features of the abstract parts of research articles. The results show that the majority of Ijal abstracts have five moves while the majority of Edu-Ling abstracts have only three moves. In general, active sentences are used more dominantly used than passive sentences in all moves of all three groups of abstracts, and present tense is far more frequently used in Ijal and Teflin abstracts but past tense is more frequently used in Edu-Ling abstracts while that-complement clause in Move-4 of Ijal abstracts is the most frequently used among the three groups of abstracts. It can also be concluded that Teflin article abstracts are more similar to those of Ijal articles than to Edu-Ling articles in all aspects. This is probably because Teflin authors are more experienced in writing journal articles than those of Edu-Ling articles.
Effectiveness of Learning Assessment through Feedback with Test Essays
Authors: Marzam Marzam , Ambiyar Ambiyar , Aziz Ishak
Published: December 2021

The use of strategic and well-planned feedback in the assessment process is key to promoting learning. This article  evaluates the role of the two-stage test process in guiding and assisting the learning of students in the second year of teaching materials at sendratasik Education Program, FBS Padang State University. After being given oral and written feedback without grades from the first test, students  were  given the opportunity to write different tests, the second test, and each was asked to choose which one was assessed. Students  are generally very positive about the assessment process, most participate voluntarily and fully, learn a lot differently for the second test, and there is evidence of meta-cognitive awareness and understanding. Nevertheless, some students have  difficulty and frustration in assessing the quality of their work. Discussions focus on learning processes and issues, on the usefulness of feedback and on formative test assessment procedures.
Education Reconstruction: A Collaboration of Quiz Team and Kahoot Methods in Learning Arabic
Authors: Nurdiansyah Nana Meily , Arief Armai , Agustin Fentin Ria , Hudriyah Hudriyah , Muassomah Muassomah , Mustofa Syaiful
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to start from an educational reconstruction paradigm to support teachers to always innovate in creating innovative teaching methods, especially in learning Arabic, especially in learning that uses technology, given that education is already in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, where every Human are required to be technology literate. This study uses experimental research Borg & Gall, the focus is to determine the level of influence of treatment on behavior that arises as a result of the treatment and or as a systematic method to build relationships that contain causal-effect relationships. Based on the results of this study it was found that; First, the combination of the Quiz Team-type Active Learning method with Kahoot is the right ingredient to make it easier for students to learn Arabic by training the four maharah or language skills, namely: listening (istima'), reading (qirā'ah), speaking (kalām). , and write (kitābah) at the same time; Second, the results of this study are in the form of design designs, and the role of educators in implementing the collaboration of the quiz team and Kahoot methods in learning Arabic.
The Effectiveness of Scaffolding Model in Teaching Reading at Senior High Schools
Authors: Jufri Jufri
Published: December 2021

This research is aimed at identifying the students’ ability in reading by using scaffolding teaching model. This is an experimental research that was carried out at senior high school. There were three senior high schools in Padang that became the location of the research, namely SMAN 1, SMAN 7 and SMAN 8 Padang.  The population for this research consisted of the students studying at grade X at the three schools respectively. Meanwhile, the sample was taken by using cluster random sampling technique. The whole number of sample was 192 students, namely, 64 students studying at each school. The research instrument used in this research was reading test consisting of 30 items. After carrying the research for about three months the researcher found the result as follows. The findings of the research indicated that the students’ reading achievement taught by scaffolding model was better than those who were taught by conventional model. To prove it, the researcher used t-test formula. The result showed that scaffolding model gave significant effect towards the students reading ability compared to the conventional one.
Archaeology’s Contribution to Island Studies
Authors: M. Fitzpatrick Scott
Published: December 2021

Archaeology has, and will continue to make, some important contributions to the broad field of ‘island studies’. In this essay, I discuss four major topics in island archaeology that are helping to shape the way we think about islands. These include: (1) seafaring and the human maritime diaspora; (2) the effects of aquatic boundaries and isolation; (3) historical ecology and the impacts of humans on island ecosystems; and (4) climate change, sea level rise, and coastal degradation. As archaeologists continue to explore these and other issues with colleagues from both the social and natural sciences, we will come to better understand how islands have shaped humans, and humans have shaped islands.
Formulasi Granul Minuman Fungsional Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) dan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
Authors: Wardhana Arya Eka , Rani Karina Citra , Pradana Aditya Trias , Jayani Nikmatul Ikhrom Eka
Published: December 2021

Minuman fungsional diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat kesehatan diantaranya meningkatkan imunitas, membantu pencernaan, menurunkan kolesterol, mengandung serat tinggi, dan dapat menurunkan kadar gula. Daun jambu biji dan biji klabet berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi minuman fungsinal terutama karena aktivitas antioksidannya yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formula terbaik granul minuman fungsional kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun jambu biji dengan ekstrak etanol biji klabet yang memenuhi spesifikasi dan diterima oleh panelis pada pegujian hedonik. Granul minuman fungsional dibuat dalam empat formula dengan berbagai rasio ekstrak etanol daun jambu biji dibanding ekstrak etanol biji klabet, yaitu: Formula I (3%:0%), Formula II (3%:1%), Formula III (3%:2%), dan Formula IV (3%:3%). Granul diformulasi dengan metode granulasi basah, kemudian dievaluasi karakteristik fisiknya. Hasil uji karakteristik fisik granul menunjukkan rerata kandungan lembab 1,35-1,81%; fines 2,36-6,26%; kecepatan alir 6,99-8,92 g/detik; sudut istirahat 31,60-34,70°; indeks kompresibilitas 17,38-20,42%; rasio Hausner 1,21-1,25. Uji hedonik menunjukkan rerata skor parameter warna (3,32-3,76), bau (3,32-4,00), dan rasa (3,60-4,32). Formula terbaik yang memenuhi spesifikasi dan paling diterima oleh panelis pada pegujian hedonik adalah formula IV.
Investigation of the Chemical Composition of Films Obtained by Electric Arc Spraying of Graphite and Titanium from Two Sources
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia, Khamdokhov Z.M. , Margushev Z.Ch. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia, Kalazhokov Z.Kh. ,   1Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia; Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov,  Nalchik, Russia, Kalazhokov Kh.Kh. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov,  Nalchik, Russia, Levin D.D. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

A promising material for cold cathodes creation are carbon films with both acceptable emission properties and satisfactory adhesion to the substrate. It is known that inclusions of metallic elements (chromium, titanium, etc.) improve the adhesion of the carbon film to the substrate. One of the methods for producing coatings based on carbon and titanium is electric arc spraying of a Ti/C composite cathode in an argon atmosphere. The disadvantage of this method is the presence in the total plasma flow of carbon microparticles, which are sources of structural defects in the growing film. Magnetic separation of carbon plasma solves the above problem. In this work, composite metal-carbon films were obtained by simultaneous electric arc spraying of graphite in a magnetic field and of titanium from two evaporators. The composition of the films was studied by Raman spectroscopy (RS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It has been established that the samples obtained are composite films consisting of graphite nanoparticles, Ti14C13 nanoclusters or Ti8C12, titanium oxides, and titanium carbide TiCxN1–x compounds.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Surface Layers of Faceted Zinc Oxide Nanorods
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov,  Nalchik, Russia, Shomakhov Z.V. , Nalimova S.S. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Bobkov A.A. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Moshnikov V.A. ,   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: December 2021

The control of the nanomaterials surface’s hydrophilic properties is of interest for various applications, including optics, photocatalysis, and spintronics. In this work, techniques for designing the defective structure of the surface layers of faceted zinc oxide nanorods during sacrificial doping with iodine by hydrothermal synthesis were considered. The features of the chemical composition of the surface of the obtained layers were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that peaks corresponding to the binding energy of iodine were not observed in the X-ray photoelectron spectra. An additional peak with a binding energy of 531.8 eV, corresponding to the oxygen of OH groups, was observed in the O 1s level spectrum for zinc oxide nanorods doped with iodine. During the heat treatment of the synthesized layers, iodine evaporates, which leads to a change in the surface composition and an increase in the oxygen content of the surface hydroxyl groups. A model has been proposed to explain the experimental results. It has been established that XPS techniques are effective for analyzing the defective surface structure of functional layers based on faceted zinc oxide nanorods.
Modified Predictive Control System of the DC-DC Boost Converter
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology,  Moscow, Russia, Cherdintsev A.A. ,   JSC «ICC Milandr», Moscow, Russia, Shagin A.V. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology,  Moscow, Russia, Lupin S.A. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology,  Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, predictive control systems are becoming more and more popular, which significantly reduce the cost of setting up converters. However, DC-DC converter control problem persists. In this work, a modified model of the predictive control system (MPCS) for step-up DC-DC converters is presented. For its implementation, a nonlinear model of a converter with discrete time switching was derived, which describe a continuous conduction mode of operation. The synthesis of the controller was achieved by formulating the objective function that should be minimized considering the dynamic model of the converter. The proposed predictive control strategy, used as a voltage control system, allows keeping the output voltage at the reference level. The modified system for calculating the objective function makes it possible to significantly reduce the required computing power and expand the prediction horizon. The results of modeling have been presented that demonstrate the advantages of the proposed control method: a fast transient response and a high degree of robustness.
Evaluating the Reliability Testing Acceleration Factor Based on VLSI Chip Infrared Image Analysis
Authors:   Joint Stock Company «Russian Space Systems», Kulibaba Andrey Ya. , Silin Aleksey S. ,   Joint Stock Company «Russian Space Systems»
Published: December 2021

A new approach for evaluating the acceleration factor of forced reliability tests of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) is presented. The approach is based on subjecting the VLSI chip to an infrared image analysis. Currently, the VLSI reliability testing acceleration factor is evaluated based on the Arrhenius law, according to which this factor depends on the chip temperature. The chip temperature, in turn, is represented by the sum of the chip package temperature and the product of the maximum dissipated power and the chip-to-package thermal resistance. The drawback of the existing method is that the calculation is carried out for only a single chip temperature value that was obtained analytically. But the VLSI is a complex system, and it is not correct to judge about the testing acceleration factor proceeding from a single chip temperature value. It is proposed to calculate the VLSI reliability testing acceleration factor based on the temperatures at many points on the VLSI chip surface. This will make it possible to take into account the test sequence influence on the temperature distribution over the chip surface, thereby helping select the test sequences so that to obtain the maximal and uniform chip heating. Owing to the proposed method, it becomes possible to evaluate the testing acceleration factor more accurately and also to potentially increase it by choosing the test sequence. A more accurate evaluation of the acceleration factor allows the reliability tests reliability to be improved. The proposed method for evaluating the acceleration factor was validated experimentally. The workplace is described, the calculations of the reliability testing acceleration factors using two approaches are carried out, and their comparison is given.
Terminal Control with Guaranteed Accuracy Based on the Interval System Model
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Skribitsky Nikita V.
Published: December 2021

The problem of optimal terminal control of a linear stationary system the parameters of which are known with accuracy up to intervals is formulated, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for its stability and controllability are determined. A set of control actions that guarantee the specified accuracy of solving the optimal control problem given an interval model of the initial data is obtained. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of this set are determined, and algorithms for its construction and obtaining its rectangular subset of the maximum volume are developed. A priori requirements for the accuracy of identifying the system parameters are formulated taking into account the requirements for the control problem solution accuracy.
Application of the Signal Change Tracking Algorithm in the Hydraulic Shock Absorber Monitoring System
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Shilov Andrey A. , Chernyaev Aleksey N. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: December 2021

During nuclear power plant (NPP) operation, the reactor plant main equipment can show displacements when subjected to the effect of various external and internal loads. These displacements are mainly caused by thermal expansion of the metal and seismic loads. To cope with these phenomena, the reactor plant components that are most susceptible to these types of loads are fastened with hydraulic shock absorbers (HSAs) to limit their displacements under the effect of seismic or accident dynamic loads, as well as to ensure thermal displacements in increasing or decreasing the power unit output. For monitoring the HSA operation and indirectly monitoring the displacements of the reactor plant equipment items fastened with hydraulic shock absorbers, the dedicated hydraulic shock absorber monitoring system (HSAMS) is used, which is equipped with linear displacement sensors installed directly on the HSAs. If the displacements go beyond the predetermined limits, the HSAMs algorithms produce an appropriate alarm. The information from the HSAMS is also used by the automated residual lifetime monitoring system (ARLMS) to calculate the steam generator connection pipe displacement criteria parameters. However, during the operation of a number of NPP power units, a problem associated with numerous failures of the HSAMS linear displacement sensors has been faced. These failures manifested themselves in that the sensor signals went beyond the valid range or frozen under the effect of external influencing factors. As a result, the HSAMS and ARLMS operation was complicated by a large number of unreliable measurements and the functions of these systems were not performed in a proper way. To solve this problem, it has been proposed to use an algorithm for tracking signal changes, which can improve the credibility of HSAMS indications by determining unreliable data in the online mode and by performing statistical processing of the already available array of indications.
On the Cogredience and Contragredience of Linear Differential Equations and Systems
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Gorelov Vasiliy A.
Published: December 2021

The Siegel-Shidlovskii method remains one of the basic methods in the theory of transcendental numbers. By using this method, it is possible to prove the transcendence and algebraic independence of the values of entire functions of a certain class (so-called E-functions). A necessary condition for applying this method is that all of the considered functions must constitute a solution of a system of linear differential equations and were algebraically independent over . The question about algebraic independence of the solutions of linear differential equations and systems of such equations is of great importance in differential algebra, analytical theory of differential equations, theory of special functions, and calculus (in the broad sense of the word). As is shown in papers by E. Kolchin, F. Beukers, W.D. Brownawell, and G. Heckman, this question boils down in many instances to verification of the cogredience and contragredience condition. Two systems of 1st order linear homogeneous differential equations with coefficients from are said to be cogredient (or, respectively, contragredient), if for arbitrary fundamental matrices and Ψ of these systems one of the equations Φ=gBΨC, Φ (ΨC)^*=gB, is fulfilled, where C∈GL(C), B∈GL(C(z)), g=g(z) is a function with the condition g^'/g∈C(z), and A^* is the matrix transposed to . The notions of cogredience and contragredience for linear homogeneous differential equations of arbitrary order are defined similarly. Another, more restricted definitions of cogredience and contragredience were in fact used in some papers of the author, devoted to generalized hypergeometric functions. According to these definitions, the function in the presented equalities is the product of a power function and an exponential function of some kind. The conditions for equivalence of these definitions are found.
The GOELRO Plan Creators: Robert Eduardovich Klasson
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Yermishina Nadezhda D. , Smirnova Marina I. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: December 2021

The 100th anniversary of the GOELRO Plan has spurred a growing interest in the topic and has become an information occasion for many publications of both scientific and popularization nature.The GOELRO Plan’s study historiography has a vast space, which began to emerge in parallel with the implementation of the plan itself. The first publications date back to the 1920s and 1930s. Their authors were direct participants who considered the electrification matters in historical and practical aspects. At that time, a lot of publications of markedly propagandistic nature were issued.In the late 1940s and 1950s, the GOELRO Plan attracted the attention of professional researchers. In the period from the second half of the 1950s to 1980s, generalizing papers of historians were prepared, in which the GOELRO Plan began to be considered not only based on an analysis of technical and economic characteristics, but also from the standpoint of political and social significance, with placing focus on the "party leadership" and Lenin's role in its development.In the modern Russian historiography, an interest in the GOELRO Plan history has been retained, especially in regard of aspects that were inaccessible to Soviet researchers.In the historiography of the last decade, a great deal of attention is paid to the human factor in the development and implementation of the GOELRO Plan in terms of "historical and anthropological turn in humanitarian thought". One of the debating matters is the GOELRO Plan "authorship", in which several conceptual approaches have emerged, and no unambiguous opinion has been formed. In our opinion, the research line related to the participation of the Russian engineering community members in the development and further implementation of the GOELRO Plan that is based on a personal-biographical approach should be considered among the promising ones.The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of Robert Eduardovich Klasson (1868-1926) in the development and implementation of plans for electrification of pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary Russia, including the GOELRO Plan.Klasson was one of the first electrical engineers in Russia. He initiated and implemented the construction of the Russia's first district power plant "Elektroperedacha". This plant operated on peat, which was a local cheap fuel, and an overhead power line was for the first time laid from this plan, which was capable of transmitting electricity over a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Klasson's engineering activity can be viewed as a historical projection of the personal and professional factors in the fateful events of the Russian history. Klasson’s life is an example of civic responsibility to his people and the importance of the role of an engineer in the scientific and technical development of Russia.
Studying the Deuterium Accumulation Process in CuCrZr Alloy Using the Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy Method
Authors:   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Bobyr' Nikolay P. , Dugin Dmitriy S. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Mednikov Artem A. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: December 2021

ITER is presently the world's key thermonuclear project. This reactor should operate under the conditions of increased thermal and power loads. In this regard, an analysis of the behavior of structural materials during the reactor operation is an important theoretical and experimental problem. During the ITER operation, an important factor that affects the fuel turnover is the capture of hydrogen isotopes (especially radioactive tritium) into the reactor structural materials, which has an effect on both the radiation environment and the plasma parameters as a whole. Annealed CuCrZr alloy samples saturated in deuterium at various temperatures were studied using the thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) method at different saturation temperatures equal to 350oC, 400oC, 450oC, and 500oC. The saturation was carried out at a pressure of 5 atm for 25 h. The deuterium capturing process was studied on the TDS setup located at the NRC Kurchatov Institute. In the course of thermal desorption spectroscopy, samples were heated to a temperature of 977oC at a rate of 0.5 K/s. The influence of alloying additions in the CuCrZr alloy was analyzed. It is shown that in the obtained thermal desorption spectra there is a shift in the deuterium yield peak to the region of higher temperatures and an increased capture of deuterium with an increase in the sample saturation temperature in gaseous deuterium.
The Efficiency of Heterostructure Photovoltaic Modules in the Territory of Russia and Adequacy of the Procedure for Selecting Protective Devices in Their Circuits
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Monakov Yuriy V. , Sharapov Sanzhar A. ,   LLC «Unigrin Engineering», Seredkin Daniil Yu. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to estimate the efficiency of photovoltaic modules (PVM) used at solar power plants (SPP) in the Russian Federation territory and to analyze how adequate the procedure adopted for selecting protective devices in the PVM circuits is. In carrying out the study, a solar power plant analysis model developed in the PVSyst software environment using the SolarGIS weather database was used. The currently effective State Standard GOST R 56978-2016 (IEC/TS 62548: 2013): Photovoltaic Arrays. Specifications, which stipulates the procedure for selecting protective devices in the PVM circuits, is analyzed for sufficiency of the considered in it factors influencing the levels of currents in these circuits. Based on the modeling results, the values of the specific generated power were obtained, and the capacity utilization factor (CUF) values of SPPs were calculated for various regions of Russia. The data obtained can be used in performing the feasibility studies of constructing solar power plants in the Russian Federation territory, including those to be used for the consumers own needs. This data may also be needed in elaborating/updating the methodology for selecting protective devices in the PVM circuits. A conclusion can be drawn based on the obtained study results that the PVM operation features high efficiency in the Russian Federation territory. There is also a need to develop a procedure for selecting protective devices in the PVM circuits that would take into account the influence of insolation level, temperature and degradation of modules on the levels of short circuit currents in their circuits.