bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Sector Readiness and COVID-19 Containment in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ijeoma Owhor Merit , Maduawuchi Elems
Published: August 2022

This paper examined health sector readiness and COVID-19 containment in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study concerned itself with the responses from the health sector, which determines its readiness to contain the COVID-19 pandemic as a health emergency. The study was guided by contingency theory. Contingency theory argues that there is no specific and best way of solving problems affecting society and therefore lays emphasis on solutions to problems. Data was collected from secondary sources using content analysis. The analysis indicated that the post-epidemic level of preparedness was poor due to decades of neglect arising from leadership ineptitude, underfunding, and inadequate training in the health sector. However, post-epidemic response and containment efforts, which have kept the fatality rate at 1.3%, demonstrate the importance of prioritization of needs under resource constraint. The drastic contingency measures of sit-at-home, lockdown, and border closure, together with emergency purchase, donor and stakeholder funding, and assistance in the provision of required medical facilities, were an apt product of resilience and courage under fire. The study recommends, among other things, increased budgetary allocation for overall health sector development in line with international best practices. This must be driven by a visionary and pragmatic leader.
Adrenal Ganglioneuroma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Benkacem M. , Rahouti R. , Aitlaalim S.
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Ganglioneuroma is a rare, benign neurogenic tumor that develops from sympathetic ganglionic cells. It is mainly located in the retroperitoneal region. Observation: This is a 39-year-old patient with no pathological history who has been seen for right back pain. Abdominal CT showed a right adrenal tumor with diameters of 40mm×22.5mm, a spontaneous density of >10 HU before injection, and > 31.5 HU after injection with a wash-out at late time < 40%. The hormonal balance reversed the secreting character of the mass, surgical treatment was indicated, histological analysis came back in favor of adrenal ganglioneuroma. Conclusion: Although benign, the ganglioneuroma may present malignant aspects, including scanographic that can mislead the clinician. Therefore, histology remains the examination of choice to make the diagnosis.
Antibiotic Emulgel: Design and Characterization for Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Ramalingam Nethaji , P Finu Sherin, A. , M Harishma, C. , Jith Aishwarya , Thahsin Fathima , Ganesan T, Babu , Ravindran Vimal Kolakkattil
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The benefits of topical drug delivery systems, which have been used for centuries, include the ability to deliver medications both quickly to the affected area where they are most effective and over an extended period of time. These systems lengthen the drug's mean resident time and contact time. The design and characterization of an antibiotic emulgel for topical medication administration is a goal of the current investigation. Methods: Cefpodoxime Proxetil emulgel were prepared using different concentration of Carbopol 934, HPMC K4M and xanthan gum as gelling agents and evaluated the relevant parameters such as physical examinations, pH, extrudability, spreadability, viscosity, swelling index, drug content, in-vitro diffusion studies and microbiology activities. Results: All formulations are neutral and viscosity of emulgel was found in the acceptable limits. On physical evaluations were found to be optimum in terms spreadability, swelling index and extrudability. Drug content of all formulations were found in the ranges 69.73% to 97.58% and CEF4 emulgel exhibiting the highest drug concentration and the lowest percentage drug release due to its controlled release pattern and proven non-fickian diffusion mechanism release. The results found that, the selected formulations proven better bacterial activities against both gram positive and gram negative organisms. Conclusions: Type and concentration of polymers can have an impact on the drug permeability studies and physical-chemical characteristics of the developed antibiotic emulgel, which had excellent results and was suitable for possible therapeutic purposes.
Bioactivities of Medicinal Plants Focused on Targeting Infectious Diseases
Authors: Islam Roohul , Qamash Tahira , Zaidi Syed Saoud , Omar Sobiya Mohiuddin , Shoaib Maryam , Riaz Rimsha , Khan Asmat Ullah , Naeem Sobia , Khan Muhammad Junaid
Published: August 2022

Infectious pathologic changes caused by pathogens, which are harmful that enter the body by bacteria, fungus, viruses, and parasites. Infectious-diseases can range in severity from very mild to very dangerous. Numerous human diseases are caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis. Capparis spp. that have anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including spermidine, carotenoids, quercetin, tocopherol, and rutin by the anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-leishmanial action. Carrot seed oil (Daucus carota) and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) both exhibit antibacterial action respectively. Curcumin and its derivatives were found to have more potent anti-bacterial activity against several strains of S. pneumonia. Oregano oil and carvacrol has revealed that they have anti-viral properties against respiratory-syncytial-virus (RSV), that causes respiratory disease, rotavirus, a frequent condition of diarrhea in theng children, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Sweet basil extract, which contain ingredients like ursolic acid and apigenin, have powerful antiviral properties against hepatitis B, herpes and enterovirus. Candida infections have fewer severe side effects and less cost load than chemical medications, can be treated with new pharmaceuticals, plant, and herbal items.
Locally Delivered 1.2% Simvastatin Gel and 1% Metformin Gel in Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Bashir Dr. Sumbul , Gopalakrishnan Dr. D. , Martande Dr. Santosh
Published: August 2022

Background: This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of 1.2% Simvastatin gel and 1% Metformin gel in chronic periodontitis pockets. The rationale behind using Statins is that this class of drugs has a potential anti-inflammatory effect on oral epithelial cells, blocking the intermediate metabolites of the mevalonate pathway. Statins also modulate bone formation by increasing the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 providing a new direction in the field of periodontal therapy. Statin administration decreases GCF levels of pro-inflammatory mediators which are responsible for much of the host tissue destruction seen in periodontitis. Metformin acts at molecular level via both AMPK (5’adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase) dependent & AMPK independent pathways. It shows effects on Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), differentiation of monocytes into macrophages as well as suppressing IL-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α from these macrophages which thereby improved the periodontal clinical parameters. There is no evidence of literature till now comparing the clinical efficacy of 1.2% Simvastatin gel with 1% Metformin gel in patients with chronic periodontitis. Method: The study population consisted of 48 sites from chronic periodontitis patients, divided into 3 groups which received sub gingival irrigation with Scaling and root planning alone, SRP with 1.2% Simvastatin gel and SRP with1% Metformin gel. Results: 1.2% Simvastatin gel and 1% Metformin gel improve the periodontal health with statistically significant improvement in the PPD, RAL, RGML values as compared to SRP alone. Conclusion: LDD systems using gel formulations are advantageous because of their sustainability, prolonged release, stability in the pockets, clinical effect of 1.2% Simvastatin gel and 1% Metformin gel improves the periodontal health compared to SRP alone.
Osteomuscular Hydatidosis
Authors: Rodríguez-Lozano Jose Antonio
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Muscular hydatid disease is an extremely rare entity. Intramuscular hydatid cysts are usually secondary, resulting from spontaneous spread of the cysts or after operations for hydatid disease in distant regions. Material and methods: A case of multiple muscular hydatid disease is presented, which behaves like a soft tissue tumor that increases in size, with a review of the pertinent literature. Results: MR images showed a mass in the medial intermuscular septum of the thigh, adjacent and anterior to the femoral vascular bundle. Several satellite lesions are also visualized. The extension study shows another lesion between the right lumbar psoas and the paravertebral muscles in the posterior pararenal space. The diagnosis of hydatid disease is established with CNB. The patient underwent surgery in another center for one of the lesions with poor evolution, finally opting for treatment with Abendazole. Conclusion: In geographical regions where hydatid disease is endemic, the hydatid cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of a cystic mass in the muscle for its correct treatment.
REVIEW : ANALISIS EFEKTIFITAS BIAYA PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN DEMAM TIPHOID ANAK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Siahaan Desy Natalia , Hasanah Fenny , Dasopang Eva Sartika , Ndruru Rini Agnesia
Published: August 2022

Indonesia merupakan salah satu wilayah endemis demam tifoid dengan mayoritas angka kejadian terjadi pada kelompok umur 3-19 tahun (91% kasus) (Cammie F. L.,2005; Brusch, J.L.,2010 IDAI, 2008). Tingginya angka kejadian demam tifoid, memerlukan evaluasi farmakoekonomi untuk mendapatkan terapi yang paling terbaik dari segi nilai ekonomisnya. Salah satu metode yang digunakan adalah metode Analisis Efektitivitas Biaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Antibiotik yang paling Cost Effectiveness berdasarkan nilai ACER yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber artikel terbitan tahun 2016-2021. Metode ini digunakan terkait masa pandemic saat ini dimana untuk mencegah penularan COVID-19 kegiatan semakin dibatasi salah satunya dengan menghindari pertemuan tatap muka dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit demam tifoid lebih banyak diderita anak laki-laki dengan rentang usia dibawah 12 tahun. Antibiotik yang paling sering digunakan adalah Kloramfenikol, Tiamfenikol, Seftriakson, Sefiksim, Sefotaksim, Ampisislin dan Amoksilin. Terapi yang paling Cost Effectiveness berdasarkan nilai ACER (Rp./hari bebas demam) adalah Seftriakson.
Menelaah Ulang Kodifikasi Struktur Ayat dan Surah Al-Qur’an Rasm Uthmani
Authors: Aspandi Aspandi , Sarkoni Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Penulisan Al-Qur’an di masa Uthman b. Affan memunculkan mushaf yang disebut dengan mushaf Uthmani. Namun di kalangan ulama terdapat perbedaan pendapat. Sebagian ulama mengatakan bahwa susunan baik ayat atupun surah merupakan hasil ijtihad, dan ulama lain mengatakan bahwa susunan tersebut merupakan tauqifi dari Nabi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah ulang apakah susunan ayat ataupun surah Al-Qur’an merupakan tauqifi atau ijtihad. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini kajian kepustakaan dengan menganalis konten-konten yang berkaitan dengan objek penelitian, yang didapatkan dari pendokumentasian data-data. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa susunan surah maupun ayat dalam Al-Qur’an seluruhnya merupakan tauqifi dari Nabi Muhammad Saw. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan data bahwa Nabi senantiasa mengulang-ulang hafalannya di hadapan malaikat Jibril, yang artinya Nabi begitu hati-hati dalam menjaga susunan ayat dan surah Al-Qur’an. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Al-Qur’an baik dari struktur surah dan ayat semuanya murni tauqifi Nabi Muhammad Saw.
Islam dan Media Massa: Pengarusutamaan Moderasi Islam Pada Situs Tafsiralquran.id
Authors: Mubarok Abdullah Falahul , Irama Yoga
Published: August 2022

Seiring berjalannya waktu polemik-polemik beragama masih terus bermunculan. Akar masalahnya adalah keberadaan kelompok radikalisme yang masih tumbuh subur, sehingga aktivitas moderasi harus terus dilakukan agar bisa menjaga keragaman dan kesatuan bangsa Indonesia. Oleh karena itu artikel ini berusaha mengkaji tentang model pengarusutamaan moderasi Islam pada situs Tafsiralquran.id. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori media massa milik Marshall McLuhan. Data-data yang diteliti diperoleh dari aktivitas observasi terhadap data-data, baik yang terdapat pada buku, jurnal, media sosial (internet) ataupun platform lain. Adapun hasil temuan dari penelitian ini adalah model pengarusutamaan moderasi Islam dalam Tafsiralquran.id menggunakan format konten tulisan artikel pendek yang membahas seputar term moderasi dan model berislam yang proporsional, toleransi, dan jauh dari aspek kekerasan. Ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman dan role model berislam yang benar kepada pembaca, yang di dalamnya juga dielaborasi dengan pembahasan seputar tafsir dari ayat-ayat al-Quran dan dikontekstualisasikan dengan isu-isu terbaru yang sedang ramai diperbincangkan.
Manajemen Pengembangan Mutu Guru di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Sarirogo, Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Rosalina Noor Triana , Monita Era , Fauzi Fathul
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis manajemen pengembangan mutu guru yang ada di SDN Sarirogo, Sidoarjo. Tempat penelitian berlokasi di Jl Raya Sarirogo No 2, Desa Sarirogo, Kecamatan Sidoarjo, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Adapun teknik pengambilan data yang dilakukan melalui teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumen dengan melibatkan tiga orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Selanjutnya data yang telah dikumpulkan akan dianalisis dengan melalui tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelola SDN Sarirogo, Sidoarjo telah menerapkan fungsi-fungsi manajemen dengan baik pada manajemen pengembangan mutu guru yang dipimpinnya. Pada aspek perencanaan program pengembangan mutu guru disusun pada rencana yang bersifat jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Pada fungsi perencanan yang dilakukan mengacu pada jenis pengembangan yang dibutuhkan, sumber daya serta biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk realisasi program. Terkait fungsi pengorganisasian, kepala sekolah melibatkan seluruh komponen guru untuk ikut mensukseskan dan bertanggung jawab dalam optimalisasi program pengembangan mutu yang dicanangkan. Pada fungsi pelaksaanaan, kepala sekolah berusaha melakukan sebagaimana perencanaan yang telah disusun sedemikan rupa. Dan pada fungsi pengawasan, hasil capaian akan digunakan sebagai masukan dan perbaiakn dalam penyusunan rencana pengembangan mutu berikutnya.
Manajemen Penggunaan Aplikasi Rapor Digital Dengan Kompetensi Profesional Guru
Authors: Nurbani Gilda
Published: August 2022

Abstrak 

Perkembangan teknologi informasi menjadi bagian penting dari pendidikan. Salah satu pemanfaatan teknologi yang kini sudah digunakan adalah aplikasi rapor digital. Dilapangan diketahui masih kurangnya wawasan pemahaman guru mengenai teknologi informasi, masih kurangnya pengalaman guru dalam melakukan input data berbasis digital, jaringan internet server error tidak connect, harus terhubung dengan wifi atau jaringan yang terinstall dengan aplikasi rapor digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: manajemen penggunaan aplikasi rapor digital, kompetensi profesional guru, hubungan manajemen penggunaan aplikasi rapor digital dengan kompetensi profesional guru MTsN dan MAN di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, metode deskriptif korelasional. Data diperoleh angket, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji instrumen yaitu uji validitas dan reliabilitas, analisis parsial perindikator, uji normalitas, penafsiran variabel, analisis korelasi dan pengaruh. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa manajemen penggunaan aplikasi rapor digital MTsN dan MAN di Kota Bandung berkategori sedang yaitu 3,47. Kompetensi profesional guru berkategori tinggi yaitu 3,97. Hubungan manajemen penggunaan aplikasi rapor digital dengan kompetensi profesional guru memiliki korelasi positif signifikan, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi 0,522 berada pada rentang interval 0,40-0,59 termasuk kategori sedang. Hasil uji hipotesis diketahui sebesar 3,405 > 2,0395 ditolak dan diterima. Hasil perhitungan koefisien determinasi sebesar 27,3%.
Use of Question-And-Answer Method in Teaching English Prepositions to Primary School Learners
Authors: Nephawe Farisani Thomas , Lambani Matodzi Nancy
Published: August 2022

Primary school education in South Africa is based on the premise that foreign language learners study English as First Additional Language. Although the ideal situation for acquiring any language is to live among native speakers, most learners are not exposed to native English speakers. As the teaching methods employed are governed by this principle, the question-and-answer method provides immediate feedback to teachers and enhances learners’ proficiency in English prepositions. The paper investigated if the question-and-answer method improves learners' proficiency in the learning of English prepositions of movement. Using a qualitative approach, the researchers interviewed and observed the teaching of English prepositions of movement by English First Additional Language teachers. Three rural Grade Six Lwamondo Primary school teachers in Limpopo Province, South Africa were sampled depending on the use of traditional teaching methods. The paper established that the question-and-answer method improved learners’ proficiency in the use of these English prepositions. However, learners were incompetent in a class where the teachers used the narrative method as no questions were answered at the end of the lesson. It can be concluded that the question-and-answer method is appropriate for teaching the English prepositions of movement to Grade Six learners in this regard.
Harmonization of Mythology into the Poetry of the Modern Poets: A Study on the Selected Poems of Yeats, Eliot and Auden
Authors: E HOSNE ARA JANNAT
Published: August 2022

This research is an endeavour to explore the poetry of the three prevalent modern poets William Butler Yeats, Thomas Sterns Eliot and Wystan Hugh Auden, through the lenses of their harmonization of mythology. Though they belong to the modern period in English literature, they reference different types of myths as they teach us moral lessons and profound purpose, explain historical events and add creativity to literary pieces. This study searches for the reason why and how the poets incorporate the usage of mythology into their poetry. In this paper, the writer will allude to some of the lines of different poems of the three poets above. Through the reference of these poems, the reader will come to understand with what purpose the poets integrate the representation of mythology into their poems. Specifically, this research will focus on the poetry of the modern poets. These three poet depict their poems with mythology in their own way. They always try to deploy different myths into their poems as these are very meaningful and purposeful to our life still. Our selected three poets more or less experience both the WWI and WWII and the after effects of these two massive war make them to contemplate for the people, the country and the world. They ruminate on the contemporary devastative circumstances of the world. Through exhibiting various mythical allusions into their poetry, they attempt to rekindle peace and complacency all over the world. The researcher captures evidence from textual reference to support her opinion regarding the related issues. This paper attempts to expose the related reasons why and how the modern poets delineate mythology into their poetry.
Are Personality Traits in Harry Potter Novels Gender-Based? The Case of Harry, Ron and Hermione
Authors: Sultan Shrouk , Saleh Basma , ElSherbini Asmaa
Published: August 2022

Humans display several different attitudes towards others and towards the life situations and challenges they encounter. Gender is said to be a factor that can determine one’s likeability to show a certain attitude rather than another. Traditionally speaking, men are expected to act one way towards something, while women are expected to act in a different way towards the same thing. This paper aims to identify the extent to which the Harry Potter series abides by, or challenges, the traditional gender stereotypes of human attitudes and reactions. Thus, this paper should help to decide if the three main characters in Harry Potter: Harry, Ron and Hermione, are depicted, in terms of their personality traits, on the basis of traditional gender norms. On a wider scope, the paper aims to investigate the role that widely-read fiction, such as Harry Potter, plays to reinforce traditional ideas or to encourage more liberating views. To achieve these aims, the attitudes and reactions of the three major characters of the novels are to be analyzed. Two of these characters are male: Harry and Ron, while the third: Hermione, is female. The attitudes and reactions of these three characters are to be measured according to how much they take risks or follow the rules, how much they are caring and nurturing, rude, and persistent.
A Textual Analysis of Modality in the 2015 Matriculation Speech of Prof. W. O. Ellis
Authors: Opoku Nana Agyemang , Owusu Edward , Adoma Samuel Kyei , Yeboah Asuamah Adade , Dansieh Solomon Ali , Appiah Priscilla
Published: August 2022

Speech presentation varies from political, religious, economic, and academic to social issues. Over the years, in academia, some research works have been carried out in various fields of speech presentation. However, studies on the modality in the speeches of educational leaders in Ghana are not pronounced. Consequently, this paper is a textual analysis of the mood choices deployed in the 2015 matriculation ceremony speech of Prof W. O. Ellis, who is one of the past vice-chancellors of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana. The matriculation ceremony was for the 2015/2016 graduate students in the Institute of Distance Learning (IDL), KNUST. With prior permission, the data (Vice Chancellor’s speech) was purposively selected from the University’s portal. The research design used for this study was qualitative. Accordingly, the speech (data) was analysed using the content analysis method.  With this method, we identified the various mood structures, the conditions that necessitate a particular mood, and how the mood choices were interpreted manually. The findings showed that the mood choices used in the selected speech were declarative and imperative. Of these two mood choices, declarative was predominant (86%). However, the study revealed that interrogative mood was absent from the speech. The study recommends that, in the future, such speeches should include interrogative moods. The basis is that the interrogative moods (especially rhetorical questions) have the propensity of maintaining the interpersonal relationship between the speaker and the listener.
Incorporating Multiple Intelligences in L2 Writing Classes: New Horizons in Redefining the Classroom
Authors: Haddaji Hatem
Published: August 2022

This article seeks to restore the notion of the classroom in light of emerging pedagogies. It attempts to provide a sketchy introduction of the theory of multiple intelligences and its potential gains in ELT. Despite the variance of teaching methods and approaches implemented in classrooms, students’ results in some topics have remained below the par of teachers’ expectations. This article attempts to provide a solution to teaching students to their differences and learning preferences. It investigates the impacts of accommodating students’ intelligences profiles in writing classes. To fulfill this objective, 114 male and female participants majoring in English at the University of Kairouan were asked to write a five-paragraph essay and respond to a writing strategies questionnaire, a multiple intelligences inventory. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Pearson Correlation and ANOVA techniques to probe possible correlations and predictability levels between MI profiles and WS. The findings indicated that there is a significant degree of correlations between learners’ multiple intelligence profiles and the writing strategies they use when writing. As for the impacts of multiple intelligences on writing quality, the results revealed weak or no significant correlations. It is then suggested that the same study should be further elaborated within the same L2 context with larger population to acknowledge learners’ differences and learning preferences and benefit from new dimensions in teaching paradigms

Chronic deterioration of learners results in different language topics
The current upheaval caused by the striking pandemic 
Lack of homogeneity in the syllabi provided to university students

For the above reasons, implementing the Multiple Intelligences Theory (Gardner 1983/1999) and Computer Assisted Language Learning at the university level classroom could boost the teaching/ learning and would reduce apprehension and foster learning achievements. So, knowing learners’ individual differences and preferences and integrating CALL in the classroom would allow teachers to establish “broad range of teaching strategies with their students” (Armstrong, 2009). Gardner (2006) also concludes that “people have very different kinds of minds… then education which treats everybody the same way, is actually the most unfair education”. Briefly, incorporating intelligences whether cognitive or artificial and recognizing the blended learning would revolutionize the notion of the classroom and reduce inconveniences between the teaching input and the learning output. Therefore, the new CLASSROOM would be effective, inspiring, and prospective.
The Phonological Ordering Constraint of the Short-Before-Long Preference Tendency in Qassimi Arabic Binomial Phrases: a Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Alzaidi Muhammad Swaileh
Published: August 2022

Research on the phonological constraints on the linear order in binomial phrases has proven that the tendency to place the short conjunct before the long one can be active differently in different languages. The current research addresses the short-before-long preference tendency in binomials in Qassimi Arabic. It shows that Qassimi Arabic binomials manifest the short-before-long preference in three possible forms: (1) the conjunct containing the fewer phonemes (i.e., the shorter item) tends to precede the one containing the more phonemes (i.e., the longer item) within the same binomial phrase, (2) the conjunct containing the fewer syllables (i.e. the shorter item) tends to precede the one containing the more syllables (i.e. the longer item) within the same binomial phrase, and (3) the conjunct containing the shorter vowel (i.e. the shorter item) tends to precede the one containing the longer vowel (i.e. the longer item) within the same binomial phrase. To approve the real existence of these proposed hypotheses in Qassimi Arabic binomials, the study adopts a quantitative analysis which has largely been adopted in relevant studies. The findings of the quantitative analysis of a big number of binomials (336 binomial pairs) indicate the satisfaction rates for the three hypotheses posited in the current study are statistically highly significant. Therefore, the study concludes that there is definite evidence for the factual existence of the short-before-long preference in Qassimi Arabic binomials, a finding which is compatible with similar studies in binomials in English and some other European languages.
Mechanizmy homeostazy energetycznej organizmu. Część I: Regulacja na poziomie centralnego układu nerwowego
Authors: Reimisz Patryk
Published: August 2022

Ilość dostarczanej z pokarmem energii musi być precyzyjnie dopasowana do jej wydatkowania. W dłuższej perspektywie nawet niewielkie zaburzenie tego bilansu prowadzi do zmiany masy ciała. Ośrodkami zbierającymi informacje na temat stanu odżywienia organizmu są wyspecjalizowane jądra podwzgórza. Na obszarze jądra łukowatego znajdują się grupy neuronów odbierające informacje o zapotrzebowaniu na pokarm (NPY/AgRP) oraz jego dostarczeniu lub braku zapotrzebowania (POMC/CART). Sygnały te są dalej przetwarzane przez neurony znajdujące się przede wszystkim na obszarze jądra bocznego, przykomorowego, brzuszno-przyśrodkowego i grzbietowo-przyśrodkowego oraz równolegle wysyłane do innych obszarów mózgu, w tym neuronów wchodzących w skład układu nagrody. W doświadczaniu przyjemności żywieniowej kluczową rolę odgrywa układ opioidowy i endokannabinoidowy. Oba systemy (homeostatyczny i hedonistyczny) są ze sobą połączone i stanowią funkcjonalną całość. Zaburzenia łaknienia mogą być spowodowane niewłaściwym funkcjonowaniem któregoś z tworzących je elementów lub komunikacji między samymi systemami.
Mechanizmy homeostazy energetycznej organizmu. Część II: Regulacja obwodowa i aspekty psychofizjologiczne
Authors: Reimisz Patryk
Published: August 2022

Pobieranie pokarmu jest regulowane przez liczne substancje sygnałowe. Ich głównym źródłem są narządy układu pokarmowego i tkanka tłuszczowa. Celem części drugiej  artykułu jest przedstawienie obwodowych mechanizmów regulacji pobierania pokarmu oraz ukazanie wpływu czynników psychologicznych i funkcjonowania człowieka w określonym kontekście kulturowym na odżywianie się. Wiele z syntetyzowanych obwodowo substancji sygnałowych posiada zdolność przekraczania bariery krew-mózg, co sprawia, że poza oddziaływaniem lokalnym, uczestniczą one w regulacji ośrodkowej. Do związków o największym spektrum oddziaływania należą insulina, grelina i leptyna. Komórki tkanki tłuszczowej, w zależności od lokalizacji i rodzaju, wykazują się zróżnicowaną aktywnością endokrynną. Wyróżnia się adipocyty białe, brązowe, beżowe, różowe i żółte. Pierwsze z nich stanowią najliczniejszą populacje i mają największy udział w regulacji pobierania pokarmu. W procesie dokonywania wyborów żywieniowych istotną rolę odgrywa również kontrola poznawcza, dzięki której możliwe jest godzenie potrzeb energetycznych i motywacji hedonistycznej z  przekonaniami osobistymi, aspiracjami i normami społecznymi.
Communication among mammals – Introduction
Authors: Popiel Patrycja , Rychlik Leszek
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Abstract Book of 7th Brain Research School (2022-BRS), 27 June and 3 July 2022, Isparta, Turkey (http://2022.brs.org.tr/)
Authors: ABSTRACT BOOK Anonymes
Published: August 2022

7th Brain Research School (2022-BRS) was performed in Isparta, Turkey between 27 June and 3 July 2022 (http://2022.brs.org.tr/). There were abstracts of 8 speakers, 11 oral presentations, and 3 poster presentations in the 2022-BRS.
Titles of speakers;
1- Mustafa NAZIROĞLU. Fluorescent Ca2+ stains for imaging the mice microglia.
2- Beatrice Mihaela RADU. Low-energy accelerated protons irradiation inhibits DNA repair and diminishes cell proliferation, migration and calcium signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells.
3- Nashat ABUMARIA. Behavioral assays and animal models of psychiatric disorders.
4- Ferah YILDIRIM. Mapping genome-wide DNA methylation changes in alcohol use disorder (No abstrcat).
5- Marco CANEPARI. Principles of Ca2+ imaging using low-affinity indicators.
6- Denis ROUSSEAU. Western blot analyses in the mitochondria.
7- Xinhua SHU. Protection of p-Coumaric acid against depression and memory impairment via inhibition of neuroinflammation
8- Simon HEBEISEN. State dependent block of voltage gated sodium and calcium channels as modern treatment for
epilepsy.

Titles of oral presentations (OPs);
OP1. Bünyamin AYDIN. Diabetic neuropathic pain and TRPM2 Channel: Focus on selenium.
OP2. Agomelatine attenuates calcium signaling and apoptosis via the inhibition of TRPV1
channel in the hippocampal neurons of rats with chronic mild stress depression model.
OP3. Hatice DALDAL. An interaction between cisplatin-induced optic nerve injury and TRPM2 channel.
OP4. Kemal ERTİLAV. Recent developments on the traumatic brain injury models in the experimental animals.
OP5. Kaan ERBAKAN. Involvement of TRPV1 channel in the etiology of epilepsy.
OP6. Ramazan ÇINAR. Does GSH depletion induce TRPM2 activation in neuronal cells?
OP7. Esin AKBAY ÇETİN. TRP ion channels and approaches in COVID-19.
OP8. Gülin ÖZDAMAR ÜNAL. Early life stress and neuroinflammation.
OP9. Adem AHLATCI. Investigation of TRPM2 cation channel activation in PTZ-induced SH-SY5Y cells by patch-clamp technique: Regulatory role of valproic acid.
OP10. Yener YAZĞAN. Orthodontic teeth movement-induced pain and TRPV1 channel.
OP11. Evaluation of the role of Radish (Raphanus sativus) extract in movement tests in MPTP induced experimental Parkinson's model in Balb/C mice.

Titles of poster presentations (P);
P1- Esin AKBAY ÇETİN. Probable pathways of SARS-CoV-2 to central nervous system.
P2. Yusuf DAL. Low molecular weight heparin treatment reduced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and calcium signaling in the thrombocytes of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and thrombophilia: Involvements of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels.
P3. Ferruh KARAMANGİL. Investigation of frequency and diversity of experimental animal models of schizophrenia.
Depletion of glutathione induced apoptosis and oxidative stress via the activation of TRPM2 channels in the microglia cells with Alzheimer’ disease model
Authors: ÇINAR Ramazan
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease. Microglia induces oxidative stress in the brain for engulfing bacteria and viruses. The accumulating data indicate that oxidative stress and apoptosis are two main actors for the induction of microglia activation-induced Alzheimer’s Disease. Oxidative stress is one of many triggers that activate the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel. Glutathione (GSH) is a main cytosolic antioxidant in the mammalian cells. The GSH depletion via the activation of TRPM2 induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in neuronal cells. It has not yet been researched how GSH depletion via activation of TRPM2 affects oxidative stress and apoptosis in microglial cells with the Alzheimer's disease model. The BV2 cells divided into 5 groups as control, buthionine sulphoximine (BSO and 0.5 mM for 6 h), amyloid beta (1 uM for 72 h), amyloid beta+BSO, and amyloid beta+BSO+GSH (10 mM for 2 h). In the BSO group, the levels of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic free oxygen reactive species (cyROS), caspase (Casps) -3, Casps -8, and Casps -9 were increased as compared to the control group, although cell viability level was decreased. The expression levels of TRPM2, Casps -3, Casps -9, Bax, Bcl-2, and PARP-1 were also increased in the BSO group. In addition, their levels were further increased in the amyloid beta and BSO+amyloid beta groups as compared to the BSO group. However, the changes were modulated in the BSO+amyloid beta+GSH group by the incubation of GSH. In conclusion, the depletion of GSH increased apoptosis and cyROS levels via activation of caspases and TRPM2 in the amyloid beta-induced microglia cells. The treatment of GSH may be a potential target on the apoptosis and oxidative stress in the amyloid beta-induced microglia cells.
The Moderating Role of Cannabis Usage and Voting Intention on Oregon Residents' Support for Cannabis Tourism
Authors: McGrady Pavlina , Kang Soo
Published: August 2022

Changes in perceptions and laws on recreational cannabis use have shifted significantly in recent years. Yet research in this field is still scarce. This study explores residents' perceptions on impact and support for cannabis tourism using cannabis user status and voting intention
as moderators. Results from a quantitative survey distributed to Oregon residents (n = 700) reveal overall positive perceptions on cannabis legalization and cannabis tourism. More specifically, perceived positive impact had more influence on support for cannabis tourism among nonusers
than users, while users' support appeared to be steady regardless of their perceived level of positive impact. The study findings also showed a significant relationship between voting intention and support for cannabis tourism but an insignificant interaction between voting intention and impact
factors, indicating that voting intention may be treated as a separate construct affecting residents' support, rather than a moderator between impact factors and support level. Considering the continued evolvement in the legal and economic landscapes of cannabis tourism, policymakers and industry
professionals should engage in continual conversations on how to plan and manage this new tourism segment for community and state development.
Connecting Peace and Pedagogy in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Natasha
Published: August 2022

Peace education has been propelled to the forefront of pedagogical and conflict transformation praxes. These praxes are necessitated by the growing number of complex conflicts around the world that demand more sophisticated solutions. The National curricula of Pakistan have become an ever more important tool to meet national and international commitments under this approach of conflict transformation. Yet the central challenge(s) that remain for peace education is more than merely teaching about peace and conflict. While engaging with existing values, attitudes, and beliefs, peace education needs to extricate itself from the utopian juxtaposition of peace and conflict as dialectical opposites. It must avoid universal definitions which signal exclusion and either/or solutions and work on constantly recalibrating its own subject matter if it is to enact meaningful social change. It must equally be aware of its tendencies to exclusiveness in practice; pedagogy must not be a one-sided transfer of knowledge, but a system of feedback and communication between learners and educators. Consequently, national policies following the paradigms of education for peace and sustainable development will face the same challenges.
Characterization and Application of Biopolymer Producing Bacteria for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Aruawamedor Onome Christopher , Okotie Sylvester
Published: August 2022

The objective of this research is to isolate and identify hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria for biopolymer synthesis and application in the augmentation of Nigerian heavy crude oil recovery. MEOR refers to the process of injecting either indigenous or non-indigenous microbes into hydrocarbon reserves. Injecting microorganisms with nutritional broth facilitate the formation of essential metabolites such as biosurfactants, biopolymers, and gases, resulting in decreased interfacial tension, viscosity modification, and mobility control. It is environmentally friendly, less expensive to implement, and requires minimal or no changes to the existing infrastructure. A soil sample from a hydrocarbon-contaminated site in Ogoniland was collected and sent to a laboratory for physicochemical and microbiological investigation. Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, and Klebsiella sp were biochemically identified after screening three isolates for biopolymer production using Sudan black solution. To assess the ideal growth and biopolymer synthesis capability under reservoir conditions, a variety of pH, temperature, salinity, carbon, and nitrogen nutrition sources were applied to selected microorganisms. Peptone is the optimal nitrogen source for Bacillus sp, glucose is the optimal carbon source for Bacillus sp, and glycerol is the optimal carbon source for Pseudomonas sp and Klebsiella sp, as indicated by the results. In addition, the following are the ideal parameter ranges for the three microorganisms: pH 7–8, a temperature range between 25 and 350 degrees Celsius, and a salinity range between 0.5 and 5% are all desirable conditions for a body of water. After inoculation with microorganisms and the optimum nutrient source, an additional recovery range of 18.33% to 29.09% of the pore capacity was achieved. The post-recovery analysis uncovered a remarkable transformation of heavy crude to light hydrocarbon components by an average of 20.33 percent with glucose and 97.27 percent with peptone.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBELAJARAN KEPADA ANAK – ANAK USIA 5 SAMPAI 13 TAHUN DI DESA KEDONGDONG KIDUL
Authors: Riaeni Ida , Nurhawa  , Fajar Trimiharja  , Iis Istiqamah  , Maya Marliya  , Mukhamad Zeraldy  , Rinanda Agung Putri
Published: August 2022

Pada kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membantu memberikan bimbingan  dalam pembelajaran  di lembaga pendidikan baik formal maupun non formal terkhusus anak-anak yang terdampak kegiatan pembelajaran nya pada masa wabah Covid-19 yang bertempat di Desa Kedongdong Kidul Kecamatan Dukupuntang Kabupaten Cirebon Provinsi Jawa Barat. Lembaga yang dijadikan tempat pembimbingan  lembaga formal yaitu SDN I Desa Kedongdong Kidul dan TKQ Al-Hanan sedangkan Lembaga Non Formal yaitu tempat mengaji Masjid Jami Al-Bashar Kedongdong Kidul. Metode yang digunakan adalah kegiatan mengajar kepada anak-anak dengan secara tatap muka namun tetap menerapkan protokol kesehatan diantaranya memakai masker, jaga jarak, dan menggunakan handsanitizer sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas.
Atuação do Estado e segregação
Authors: Velasco Mauricio , Garcia Gonçalves Raquel
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a abrangência da política habitacional no município de São João Nepomuceno, pequeno município mineiro de tradição industrial têxtil, a partir da produção do espaço urbano pelos mecanismos de planejamento urbano das esferas federal, estadual e municipal. Busca-se discutir o papel do Estado na construção da cidade capitalista industrial e o sentido da sua atuação junto aos demais atores de relevância na produção do espaço urbano, como o capital empresarial dos setores têxtil e vestuário e a classe trabalhadora, contribuindo para o debate sobre a cidade moderna a partir de um estudo de caso de menor escala.
Geoinformação e as Geotecnologias na Formação do Arquiteto e Urbanista
Authors: Costa Araújo Patricia Luana , Faro Rodrigues Bianca Cristine , Gomes de Andrade Larissa , Aguiar de Oliveira Jessilla Fernanda , Machado Oliveira Yasmin , Linhares Longchamps Fonseca Karolyne , Cupertino Bastos Rita Maria , Gonçalves Amaral Felipe
Published: August 2022

A complexidade da profissão do arquiteto e urbanista é diversa, portanto, sua graduação precisa ser multidisciplinar. Não é possível desvincular as competências do profissional da área da geoinformação, pois é fundamental compreender de forma rápida e simplificada os padrões espaciais do espaço. Portanto, esse trabalho busca fazer uma análise crítica do processo de formação do arquiteto e urbanista frente ao conhecimento geoinformacional e suas tecnologias, diante das complexidades atuais da área. Utilizando métodos quantitativos para a análises das grades curriculares e qualitativos para o entendimento da geoinformação e suas tecnologias nos trabalhos de conclusão de curso, foi possível entender como se encontra o panorama da área na formação do arquiteto e urbanista no Brasil. Foi possível identificar a baixa obrigatoriedade das disciplinas da área que se refletem na fragilidade das análises espaciais, quando feitas, na fase de pré-projeto. Assim, o trabalho sinaliza para a importância de uma revisão do arcabouço geoinformacional e geotecnológico para os currículos dos arquitetos e urbanistas que melhor contribuem e facilitam na leitura diagnóstica e nas etapas de projeto.
Incident Detection Techniques for the Thai language on Twitter
Authors: PUANGNAK KORN , Rachsiriwatcharabul Natworapol
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the rate of road incidents is continuously increasing as a result of elevated capability of vehicle acceleration that increases the risk of driver’s mistakes. Such road incidents directly impact the flow of traffic in such area and affect directly and indirectly to the economy, society, and environment. Incident monitoring and detection in Thailand is currently done by the responsible authority through CCTV and the traffic flow data from traffic flow measurement, both means of monitoring and detection have high operation costs. Online communication, on the other hand, has seen significant growth in the present days resulting in a fast growth of online social media use for various characteristic of communication replacing telephone calls. This article will present forms of incident detection from social media posts that have been data-mined from Twitter with autonomous API designed to screen for messages related to incident detection consisting of 4 steps. The experiment demonstrated the ability of the proposed method to detect incidents in Thai language with the accuracy of 85.80%, the detection rate (DR) of 78.83%, and false alarm rate (FAR) of 21.17%, based on the top 5 ranked keywords, out of 20 first keywords.
Evaluation of Land Cover Dynamics and Landscape Fragmentation in Ijebu Ode, Nigeria
Authors: Olayiwola Adewale , Salau Wakeel
Published: August 2022

Landscape fragmentation has been found to be a major consequence of urbanization and of land use/cover (LULC) changes. Thus, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal land use/land cover changes of Ijebu Ode, Nigeria between 1986 and 2021. This is with a view to assessing the pattern of landscape fragmentation in the study area. The study used data obtained through Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and satellite imageries (Landsat 5 MSS/TM, 1986; Landsat 7 ETM+, 2000 and 2014; and Landsat 8 OLI/TIR, 2021). Data were analyzed using spatial landscape metrics. Results indicated that Ijebu Ode has witnessed dramatic increase of built-up areas between 1986 and 2000 by 11.03%, 2000 to 2014 (65.24%), and 2014 to 2021 by 131.25%. Expansion of the built-up area was aided by reductions in bare land (1986 to 2000, 15.78%; 2014 to 2021, 98.27%), and the cultivated area by 47.74% between 1986 and 2014. Landscape metrics were estimated over the four epochs of study. Results revealed that most of the metrics suggest similar trends over the entire periods of study. However, Largest Patch Index (LPI), Landscape Shape Index (LSI) and Normalized Landscape Shape Index (NLSI) were useful in capturing the spatio-temporal variations in landscape transformation. Also, Class Area (CA) was useful to show the degree of land cover changes. The study concluded that location of spatial structures influenced the landscape patterns influence and urbanization processes in the study area. Hence, the study recommended for regular monitoring of the expansion of the built-up area to check the imminent urban sprawl in the study area.
Le Liber de causis et la réponse latine à sa proposition 2
Authors: Hudry Françoise
Published: August 2022

Cet article expose les premiers contacts d’Alexandre Nequam (1157-1217) avec la traduction latine du Liber de causis dans sa proposition 2, et le recours à son ami le théologien Alain de Lille ( c . 1120-1202) qu’il jugea nécessaire. Celui-ci répondit par ses quatre premières Regulae theologicae .
Walter Burley on negative propositions
Authors: Paladini Chiara
Published: August 2022

L’adhésion de Walter Burley au principe de correspondance (c’est-à-dire le principe selon lequel une proposition, pour être vraie, doit correspondre à quelque chose dans la réalité) soulève un problème important. Ce principe peut être appliqué à toutes les propositions affirmatives, mais pas aux propositions négatives, puisqu’il n’existe pas d’état de choses négatives dans la réalité. Afin de résoudre ce problème, Burley introduit un objet mental complexe comme significatum adaequatum des propositions négatives, qui ne correspond à aucun fait positif. De cette façon, la réalité extramentale peut vérifier la vérité ou la fausseté de toutes les propositions singulières, tant affirmatives que négatives.