bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Becoming a non‐resident father: Marginalised through distress, disadvantage and disempowerment
Authors: Violi Dominic , Lewis Peter , Kwok Cannas , Wilson Nathan J.
Published: October 2023

Issue Addressed

Becoming a non‐resident father through divorce is stressful and this often results in compromised mental health and well‐being. Non‐resident fathers' mental well‐being has been measured at very low levels which may require clinical treatment, especially when correlated with child access and family court issues. A United Nations report highlighted how non‐resident fathers may be marginalised, but to date, limited literature considers the lives of non‐resident fathers from their own perspective and reflecting their own voice and it has been claimed that as fathers are often absent from parenting research, this absence, they are not heard. The aim of this paper was to identify how non‐resident fathers' interactions with legal and welfare services and ex‐partners may result in their marginalisation and affect their mental health.

Methods

In‐depth interviews with open‐ended questions were conducted with 19 non‐resident fathers, both long term, newly divorced or in the divorce process, so as to capture a long range view of their experiences. Thematic Analysis was used for data analysis and the generation of the themes.

Results

Three themes emerged from the data: (1) Becoming a non‐resident father with two sub themes; (2) Being in a state of distress, with three sub‐themes and (3) Managing distress and seeking help, with two sub‐themes. Participants reported a lack of agency, lack of power in decision making and a lack of social and financial resources all contributing to the deterioration in their self‐reported experiences of mental health. This impact was highlighted by the number of participants who undertook counselling or psychological assistance to deal with their perceived marginalisation, feeling of invisibility and disempowerment.

Conclusions

The implications of marginalisation for non‐resident fathers' mental health, as outlined by the participants, are discussed regarding the impact of becoming a non‐resident father, legal aspects, welfare service experiences and relationship with ex‐partner. The chronic stress experienced by non‐resident fathers who often find themselves in a situation which is difficult to resolve without major compromises to their desired outcomes must be recognised.

So What

One means of achieving better mental health for non‐resident fathers is to address the impact of marginalisation and lack of agency and that court processes are resolved swiftly with a view to increasing non‐resident father's agency in post‐divorce decision making.
Sleep and circadian disruptors: Unhealthy noise and light levels for hospitalized pediatric patients
Authors: Fidler Andrea L. , Waitt Julie , Lehmann Leslie E. , Solet Jo M. , Duffy Jeanne F. , Gonzalez Brian D. , Beebe Dean W. , Fedele David A. , Zhou Eric S.
Published: October 2023

Noise and light levels during hospitalizations can disrupt sleep and circadian health, resulting in worsened health outcomes. This study describes patterns of noise and light for inpatient children undergoing stem cell transplants. Objective meters tracked noise and light levels every minute for 6 months. Median overnight sound was 55 dB (equivalent to conversational speech). There were 3.4 loud noises (>80 dB) per night on average. Children spent 62% of the 24‐h cycle in nonoptimal lighting, with daytime light dimmer than recommended 98% of the time. Over the 6‐month period, the lowest overnight noise level recorded exceeded World Health Organization recommendations for sleep, with frequent spikes into ranges known to cause wakings. During the day, children were rarely exposed to light sufficient to preserve healthy circadian rhythms. Hospitals should address systematic environmental and workflow disruptors to improve the sleep and circadian health of patients, particularly those already at elevated risk for health morbidities.
Novel MFSD7‐ATP5I fusion promotes migration and invasion of human sarcoma
Authors: Shim Jae Woo , Choi Ji‐Yoon , Shim Da Mi , Seo Sung Wook
Published: October 2023

Fusion genes have been implicated in the development and progression of several types of sarcomas, serving as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as potential therapeutic targets. We discovered a novel major facilitator superfamily domain‐containing 7 (MFSD7) and adenosine triphosphate 5I (ATP5I) gene fusion from sarcomas. In this study, the MFSD7‐ATP5I fusion transcript was screened using RNA sequencing in 55 sarcoma samples and sixteen normal samples. The MFSD7‐ATP5I fusion transcript was detected in 58% of sarcoma samples. The correlation between the expression of MFSD7‐ATP5I fusion transcript and clinicopathological information was analyzed, and MFSD7‐ATP5I expression is associated with marked pleomorphism and lower tumor necrosis. Cell migration and invasion was significantly reduced by knock‐down of MFSD7‐ATP5I. Cell migration and invasion was increased by overexpression of MFSD7‐ATP5I. A phosphokinase assay demonstrated that MFSD7‐ATP5I is involved in the GSK‐3 pathway. The current study found that MFSD7‐ATP5I is associated with increasing pleomorphism and decreasing necrosis of tumors. And our gain and loss of function experiments prove that MFSD7‐ATP5I promotes the invasiveness of tumor cells.
Untargeted metabolomics revealed the effect of soybean metabolites on poly(γ‐glutamic acid) production in fermented natto and its metabolic pathway
Authors: Yan Delin , Huang Lei , Mei Zhiqing , Bao Han , Xie Yaman , Yang Cunyi , Gao Xiangyang
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Natto mucus is mainly composed of poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA), which affects the sensory quality of natto and has some effective functional activities. The soybean metabolites that cause different γ‐PGA contents in different fermented natto are unclear.

RESULTS

In this study, we use untargeted metabolomics to analyze the metabolites of high‐production γ‐PGA natto and low‐production γ‐PGA natto and their fermented substrate soybean. A total of 257 main significantly different metabolites with the same trend among the three comparison groups were screened, of which 114 were downregulated and 143 were upregulated. Through the enrichment of metabolic pathways, the metabolic pathways with significant differences were purine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, anthocyanin biosynthesis, isoflavonoid biosynthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway.

CONCLUSION

For 114 downregulated main significantly different metabolites with the same trend among the three comparison groups, Bacillus subtilis (natto) may directly decompose them to synthesize γ‐PGA. Adding downregulated substances before fermentation or cultivating soybean varieties with the goal of high production of such substances has a great effect on the production of γ‐PGA by natto fermentation. The enrichment analysis results showed the main pathways affecting the production of γ‐PGA by Bacillus subtilis (natto) using soybean metabolites, which provides a theoretical basis for the production of γ‐PGA by soybean and promotes the diversification of natto products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Safe implementation of a minimally invasive hepatopancreatobiliary program, a narrative review and institutional experience
Authors: Labadie Kevin P. , Melstrom Laleh G. , Lewis Aaron G.
Published: October 2023

Laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted approaches to hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) operations have expanded worldwide. As surgeons and medical centers contemplate initiating and expanding minimally invasive surgical (MIS) programs for complex HPB surgical operations, there are many factors to consider. This review highlights the key components of developing an MIS HPB program and shares our recent institutional experience with the adoption and expansion of an MIS approach to pancreaticoduodenectomy.
The effect of timing between preoperative embolization and surgery: A retrospective analysis of hypervascular bone metastases
Authors: Acuña Alexander J. , Vijayakumar Gayathri , Buac Neil P. , Colman Matthew W. , Gitelis Steven , Blank Alan T.
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives

The optimal timing between preoperative embolization of hypervascular metastatic bone lesions and surgery has yet to be established. Our analysis sought to evaluate embolization timing impacts blood loss, transfusion risk, and operative time in patients with hypervascular primary tumors.

Methods

We identified patients with renal cell (RCC) or thyroid carcinoma undergoing surgery between 1992 and 2023. Patients were segregated into the following cohorts: (1) no embolization preoperatively, (2) surgery <24 h of embolization, and (3) surgery >24 h after embolization. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of embolization timing while controlling for confounding variables.

Results

No differences were seen in all evaluated outcomes between immediate and delayed embolization cohorts. No differences in estimated blood loss were seen between the immediate (OR: 0.685, 95% CI: 0.159–2.949; p = 0.611) and delayed (OR: 0.568, 95% CI: 0.093–3.462; p = 0.539) surgery cohorts compared with patients without embolization. Surgery >24 h after embolization was not associated with a higher risk of prolonged operative time (OR: 13.499, 95% CI: 0.832–219.146; p = 0.067).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that surgery may be safely delayed beyond 24 h from embolization without a higher risk of bleeding. In appropriately selected cohorts, embolization may not be needed preoperatively.
Cross ownership and environmental corporate social responsibility with environmental cooperation
Authors: Cho Sumi , Lee Sang‐Ho
Published: October 2023

When the cross owners of firms commit environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) as a commitment device to soften competition, environmental cooperation with their managers increases ECSR commitment levels. While lower degree of cross ownership between the firms reduces more emissions by increasing environmental R&D (ER&D) and improves welfare, higher degree of cross ownership causes both owners and managers to decrease ECSR and ER&D, which distorts environment and welfare, and these results can be expanded under environmental cooperation. In a coordination game, coordination failures can increase welfare when degrees of cross ownership are high and product markets are more competitive.
Quality assurance for mixed electron–photon beam radiation therapy using treatment log files and MapCHECK
Authors: Tai Yee Man , Heng Veng Jean , Renaud Marc‐André , Serban Monica , Seuntjens Jan
Published: October 2023

Background

Mixed photon–electron beam radiotherapy (MBRT) is a technique that combines the use of both photons and electrons in one single treatment plan to exploit their advantageous and complimentary characteristics. Compared to other photon treatment modalities, it has been shown that the MBRT technique contributes to better target coverage and organ‐at‐risk (OAR) sparing. However, the use of combined photons and electrons in one delivery makes the technique more complex and a well‐established quality assurance (QA) protocol for MBRT is essential.

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of using MapCHECK and log file‐dose reconstruction for MBRT plan verification and to recommend a patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) protocol for MBRT.

Methods

MBRT plans were robustly optimized for five soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) patients. Each plan comprised step‐and‐shoot deliveries of a six MV photon beam and a combination of five electron beam energies at an SAD of 100 cm. The plans were delivered to the MapCHECK device with collapsed gantry angle and the 2D dose distributions at the detector depth were measured. To simulate the expected dose distribution delivered to the MapCHECK, a MapCHECK computational phantom was modeled in EGSnrc based on vendor‐supplied blueprint information. The dose to the detectors in the model was scored using the DOSXYZnrc user code. The agreement between the measured and the simulated dose distribution was evaluated using 2D gamma analysis with a gamma criterion of 3%/2 mm and a low dose threshold of 10%. One of the plans was selected and delivered with a rotating gantry angle for trajectory log file collection. To evaluate the potential interlinac and intralinac differences, the plan was delivered repeatedly on three linacs. From the collected log files, delivery parameters were retrieved to recalculate the 3D dose distributions in the patient's anatomy with DOSXYZnrc. The recalculated mean dose to the clinical target volume (CTV) and OARs from all deliveries were computed and compared with the planned dose in terms of percentage difference. To validate the accuracy of log file‐based QA, the log file‐recalculated dose was also compared with film measurement.

Results

The agreement of the total dose distribution between the MapCHECK measurement and simulation showed gamma passing rates of above 97% for all five MBRT plans. In the log file‐dose recalculation, the difference between the recalculated and the planned dose to the CTV and OARs was below 1% for all deliveries. No significant inter‐ or intralinac differences were observed. The log file‐dose had a gamma passing rate of 98.6% compared to film measurement.

Conclusion

Both the MapCHECK measurements and log file‐dose recalculations showed excellent agreement with the expected dose distribution. This study demonstrates the potential of using MapCHECK and log files as MBRT QA tools.
Seasonal, spatial, and water level predictors of angler catch and effort within Texas black bass reservoir fisheries
Authors: Smith David R. , Schlechte J. Warren , Myers Randall A. , Dance Michael A. , Norman Jacob D. , Nisbet Mitchell T.
Published: October 2023

Objective

We sought to identify seasonal, spatial, and water level predictors of black bass angler catch rates and effort densities (i.e., angler-hours/ha) within Texas reservoirs.

Methods

We tested for predictors of effort density and catch rate while building generalized additive models with responses derived from a long-term creel data set and explanatory variables derived from the season of the creel survey, geoposition of the reservoir, and water level data obtained from the Texas Water Development Board.

Result

Season significantly affected models, with strong positive effects on catch rates during the spring and fall and strong positive effects on effort densities during the spring. Spatially, the strongest positive effects were observed for catch rates in the southern and eastern portions of the state and for effort densities in the northern and western portions of the state. Quarterly (i.e., 3 months) fluctuations in water level were identified as environmental drivers of catch rates and effort density during the springtime. Percent full (i.e., surface area relative to full pool) was also identified as a significant predictor, with increasing effort densities and catch rates at higher levels of percent full.

Conclusion

Our study provides a comparative baseline for future evaluations of black bass fisheries in Texas and a depiction of key factors influencing black bass angler catch rates and effort densities using a modeling approach that may be applied within a variety of fisheries research applications.
Determinants of perceived innovation in non‐governmental organizations in Nepal
Authors: KC Dipendra
Published: October 2023

This study examines how NGO board effectiveness and characteristics influence perceptions of innovation in Nepalese NGOs. Surveys of 225 board members found board effectiveness in resource acquisition and monitoring strongly predicted higher innovation perceptions, aligning with theories on the primacy of oversight. However, strategic involvement, diversity, tenure, and organizational characteristics showed insignificant or negative relationships. The strong positive link between resource oversight and innovation highlights the universal importance of this governance role. However, strategic involvement's insignificance suggests it may play a different role in non‐Western contexts based on cultural perspectives. Longer tenure's negative association indicates longevity can stifle innovation, so turnover may better encourage adaptability. Size only weakly predicted innovation, implying other factors like effectiveness are more impactful. While cross‐sectional, the developing country context provides useful insights on optimizing resource acquisition and monitoring to enable innovation. The findings indicate oversight effectiveness and active governance matter more than structural characteristics for NGO innovation.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor knock‐out mice develop non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Ichimura‐Shimizu Mayuko , Kojima Masami , Suzuki Shingo , Miyata Misaki , Osaki Yui , Matsui Konomi , Mizui Toshiyuki , Tsuneyama Koichi
Published: October 2023

While brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is a growth factor associated with cognitive improvement and the alleviation of depression symptoms, is known to regulate food intake and body weight, the role of BDNF in peripheral disease is not fully understood. Here, we show that reduced BDNF expression is associated with weight gain and the chronic liver disease non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). At 10 months of age, BDNF‐heterozygous (BDNF+/−) mice developed symptoms of NASH: centrilobular/perivenular steatosis, lobular inflammation with infiltration of neutrophils, ballooning hepatocytes, and fibrosis of the liver. Obesity and higher serum levels of glucose and insulin – major pathologic features in human NASH – were dramatic. Dying adipocytes were surrounded by macrophages in visceral fat, suggesting that chronic inflammation occurs in peripheral organs. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) studies of the liver revealed that the most significantly enriched Gene Ontology term involved fatty acid metabolic processes and the modulation of neutrophil aggregation, pathologies that well characterise NASH. Gene expression analysis by RNA‐seq also support the notion thatBDNF+/−mice are under oxidative stress, as indicated by alterations in the expression of the cytochrome P450 family and a reduction in glutathione S‐transferase p, an antioxidant enzyme. Histopathologic phenotypes of NASH were also observed in a knock‐in mouse (BDNF+/pro), in which the precursor BDNF is inefficiently converted into the mature form of BDNF. Lastly, as BDNF reduction causes overeating and subsequent obesity, a food restriction study was conducted inBDNF+/promice. Pair‐fedBDNF+/promice developed hepatocellular damage and showed infiltration of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils in the liver, despite having body weights and blood parameters that were comparable to those of controls. This is the first report demonstrating that reduced BDNF expression plays a role in the pathogenic mechanism of NASH, which is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Screening and identification of potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic compounds from aqueous extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi root combing affinity ultrafiltration with multiple drug targets and in silico analysis
Authors: Xu Yongbing , Li Yawen , Chen Guilin , Fan Minxia , Hu Guangwan , Guo Mingquan
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely applied to treat various diseases among people, especially in East Asia. However, the specific active compounds in S. baicalensis aqueous extracts (SBAEs) responsible for the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties as well as their potential mechanisms of action remain unclear.

Objectives

This work aimed to explore the potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic compounds from SBAE and their potential mechanisms of action.

Methodology

The in vitro inhibitory tests against lipase and α‐glucosidase, and the effects of SBAE on glucose consumption and total triglyceride content in HepG2 cells were first performed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Then, affinity ultrafiltration liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) screening strategy with five drug targets, including α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), lipase and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) was developed to screen out the potential active constituents from SBAE, and some representative active compounds were further validated.

Results

SBAE displayed noteworthy hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties, and 4, 10, 4, 8, and 8 potential bioactive components against α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, PTP1B, HMGCR, and lipase were initially screened out, respectively. The interaction network was thus constructed between the potential bioactive compounds screened out and their corresponding drug targets. Among them, baicalein, wogonin, and wogonoside were revealed to possess remarkable hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

Conclusion

The potential hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic bioactive compounds in SBAE and their mode of action were initially explored through ligand–target interactions by combining affinity ultrafiltration LC–MS strategy with five drug targets.
Misophonia, self‐harm and suicidal ideation
Authors: Simner Julia , Rinaldi Louisa J.
Published: October 2023

Aim

Misophonia is a sound sensitivity disorder characterized by an unusually strong aversion to a specific class of sounds—often human bodily sounds (e.g., chewing). These sounds can cause intense negative emotions which can cause profound difficulties in everyday life. The condition is linked with higher rates of anxiety and depression, and here we ask whether it co‐occurs with elevated self‐harm and suicidal thinking.

Methods

We measured self‐harm and misophonia in the general population by examining a birth cohort sample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We screened them for misophonia as adults, then analyzed their earlier data on well‐being, self‐harm, and suicidal thinking.

Results

Adults with misophonia had significantly higher rates of self‐harm and suicidal ideation, as well as poorer well‐being in a number of different measures at ages 16–17 and 23–24 years. Female misophonics were particularly at risk, from as early as their teenage years, though males, too, show elevated self‐harm at 24 years compared to nonmisophonic peers.

Conclusion

Our data provide evidence of elevated risks of self‐harm associated with misophonia and suggest the need for greater recognition and treatment pathways.
Ayahuasca: A review of historical, pharmacological, and therapeutic aspects
Authors: Ruffell Simon G. D. , Crosland‐Wood Max , Palmer Rob , Netzband Nige , Tsang WaiFung , Weiss Brandon , Gandy Sam , Cowley‐Court Tessa , Halman Andreas , McHerron Diana , Jong Angelina , Kennedy Tom , White Eleanor , Perkins Daniel , Terhune Devin B. , Sarris Jerome
Published: October 2023

Ayahuasca is a psychedelic plant brew originating from the Amazon rainforest. It is formed from two basic components, the Banisteriopsis caapi vine and a plant containing the potent psychedelic dimethyltryptamine (DMT), usually Psychotria viridis. Here we review the history of ayahuasca and describe recent work on its pharmacology, phenomenological responses, and clinical applications. There has been a significant increase in interest in ayahuasca since the turn of the millennium. Anecdotal evidence varies significantly, ranging from evangelical accounts to horror stories involving physical and psychological harm. The effects of the brew on personality and mental health outcomes are discussed in this review. Furthermore, phenomenological analyses of the ayahuasca experience are explored. Ayahuasca is a promising psychedelic agent that warrants greater empirical attention regarding its basic neurochemical mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic application.
The impact of diabetes technology advances on quality of life: addressing the barriers to uptake
Authors: Kilvert Anne , Fox Charles
Published: October 2023

One hundred years after insulin was first used to treat diabetes, technology is advancing rapidly, with insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring devices established in clinical care. Hybrid closed loop systems have been successfully piloted in the UK and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence is developing a guideline for access for people with type 1 diabetes.

Initial studies of diabetes technology focused on glycaemic benefits, but many now include measures of quality of life/person reported outcome measures and diabetes‐specific and technology‐specific questionnaires have been validated. Focus groups and semi‐structured interviews can add insights to the personal experience.

The quality of life evidence for technology is positive overall, but for some people the burdens of technology outweigh the benefits and create barriers to uptake. Health care professionals have a pivotal role in exploring individual barriers and priorities, managing expectations and providing education and support to help people achieve quality of life benefits as well as enhanced glycaemic control. They should take care to ensure equality of access for all by avoiding personal bias. Developers of the technology should involve stakeholders to ensure their needs are met. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Revealing the influence of tether length on the intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of nitrones from the molecular electron density theory perspective
Authors: Mondal Asmita , Domingo Luis R. , Acharjee Nivedita
Published: October 2023

The influence of ethylene substitution and the tether length between the two reacting counterparts on the selectivity and reactivity of the intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition (IM32CA) reactions of cyclic nitrones leading to tricyclic isoxazolidines have been studied within the Molecular Electron Density theory at the MPWB1K/6‐311G(d,p) computational level. These zw‐type IM32CA reactions follow one‐step mechanism, and the activation barrier decreases with the introduction of electron withdrawing (EW) substituent at the alkene moiety in both the intramolecular and intermolecular versions. The IM32CA reactions involving unsubstituted alkene have non‐polar character with minimal electron density flux classified as null electron density flux type, while that involving the EW nitro substituted ethylene is more facile with a strong electron density flux from the nitrone to the ethylene moiety, classified as forward electron density flux type. The increase in the polar character of the IM32CA reaction decreases the activation Gibbs free energies associated with these intramolecular processes, while the highly polar IM32CA reactions are disfavored with respect to the intermolecular ones. Interestingly, the preferred regioselectivity observed in low polar IM32CA reactions having three methylene units between the nitrone and ethylene frameworks is reversed to that in nitrones separated with four methylene units, in conformity with the experimental outcome. Finally, electron localization function and quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules studies reveal that, in general, these IM32CA reactions involve early transition state structures in which the formation of new C‐C and C‐O single bonds have not yet started.
Molecular mechanism of sex pheromone perception in male Mythimna loreyi revealed by in vitro system
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Ying , Bai Teng‐Fei , Guo Jin‐Meng , Wei Zhi‐Qiang , Liu Si‐Ruo , He Yu , Ye Jing‐Jing , Yan Qi , Zhang Jin , Dong Shuang‐Lin
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Mythimna loreyi is an important agricultural pest with a sensitive sex pheromone communication system. To clarify the pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) and pheromone receptors (PRs) involved in sex pheromone perception is important for both understanding the molecular olfactory mechanism and developing a new pest control strategy in M. loreyi.

RESULTS

First, the electroantennogram (EAG) assay showed that male M. loreyi displayed the highest response to the major sex pheromone component Z9‐14:Ac, and higher responses to two minor components, Z7‐12:Ac and Z11‐16:Ac. Second, the fluorescence competition binding assay showed that PBP1 bound all three pheromones and other tested compounds with high or moderate affinity, while PBP2 and PBP3 each bound only one pheromone component and few other compounds. Third, functional study using the Xenopus oocyte system demonstrated that, of the six candidate PRs, PR2 was weakly sensitive to the major pheromone Z9‐14:Ac, but was strongly sensitive to pheromone analog Z9‐14:OH; PR3 was strongly and specifically sensitive to a minor component Z7‐12:Ac; PR4 and OR33 were both weakly sensitive to another minor component, Z11‐16:Ac. Finally, phylogenetic relationship and ligand profiles of PRs were compared among six species from two closely related genera Mythimna and Spodoptera, suggesting functional shifts of M. loreyi PRs toward Spodoptera PRs.

CONCLUSION

Functional differentiations were revealed among three PBPs and six PRs in sex pheromone perception, laying an important basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of sex pheromone perception and for developing new control strategies in M. loreyi. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs can partially restore altered angiogenic capacities in bmpr2‐silenced human lung microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Tielemans Birger , Wagenaar Allard , Belge Catharina , Delcroix Marion , Quarck Rozenn
Published: October 2023

Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (bmpr2) gene and signaling pathway impairment are observed in heritable and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In PAH, endothelial dysfunction is currently handled by drugs targeting the endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), nitric oxide (NO), and prostacyclin (PGI2) pathways. The role of angiogenesis in the disease process and the effect of PAH therapies on dysregulated angiogenesis remain inconclusive. We aim to investigate in vitro whether (i) bmpr2 silencing can impair angiogenic capacity of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) and (ii) PAH therapies can restore them. The effects of macitentan (ET‐1), tadalafil (NO), and selexipag (PGI2), on BMPRII pathway activation, endothelial barrier function, and angiogenesis were investigated in bmpr2‐silenced HLMVECs. Stable bmpr2 silencing resulted in impaired migration and tube formation in vitro capacity. Inhibition of ET‐1 pathway was able to partially restore tube formation in bmpr2‐silenced HLMVECs, whereas none of the therapies was able to restore endothelial barrier function, no deleterious effects were observed. Our findings highlight the potential role of BMPRII signaling pathway in driving pulmonary endothelial cell angiogenesis. In addition, PAH drugs display limited effects on endothelial function when BMPRII is impaired, suggesting that innovative therapeutic strategies targeting BMPRII signaling are needed to better rescue endothelial dysfunction in PAH.
On the Cyclization of Non‐cyclic Peptides for Biological Applications: Inspiration from Naturally Cyclic Peptides
Authors: Moulahoum Hichem , Ghorbanizamani Faezeh , Tok Kerem , Zihnioglu Figen
Published: October 2023

Peptides are unique class of biomolecules for pharmaceutics and industries, given their structural features that can be applied to many approaches. Although their advantages are known, they suffer from some limitations that need to be overcome. Some disadvantages are peptidic conformations’ flexibility and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. Research has been in a constant endeavor to provide solutions. The discovery of cyclic peptides in plants opened the door for new insights into peptide‐based applications. These peptides display high stability to physical and chemical conditions. They possess a wide range of biological activities. In addition, cyclic peptides shows enhanced activities compared to linear peptides. Thus, the idea of non‐cyclic peptide cyclization can be of great use in eliminating issues and improving peptide capabilities. Inspired by the naturally found cyclic peptides, many approaches for synthetic cyclization have been proposed. The current review provides an overall discussion of the available methods for cyclization, applications, and characterization techniques. The present review offers a unique source for colleagues newly exposed to the subject and on the verge of entering the field of cyclic peptides by providing an initiating step covering the essential points needed to be considered around peptide cyclization.
Zn/Mn co‐doped NiO synthesized by sol‐gel route for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye
Authors: Ata Sadia , Zaheer Warda , Tabassum Anila , Ul Mohsin Ijaz , Altaf Imran , ur Rehman Aziz , Al Huwayz Maryam , Alwadai Norah , Nazir Arif , Iqbal Munawar
Published: October 2023

This work emphasis on the synthesis of Ni0.2Mn0.02Zn0.02O nanoparticles by facile sol‐gel method. The photocatalytic activity was studied for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under the UV light as a function of dye initial concentration, catalyst dose and pH of the medium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) were utilized for the study of morphological and elemental composition, while XRD analysis was employed for structural study of the prepared material, which formation the phase purity and size was in 20–24 nm range. The bandgap of Zn/Mn co‐doped NiO NPs (3.24 eV) was reduced as compared to pure NiO NPs (3.43 eV). The degradation efficiency of pure NiO NPs and Zn/Mn co‐doped NiO NPs was found to be 70 % (60 min) and 94 % at optimum conditions. The dielectric properties were also studied, which were also improved in response of doping. The findings revealed that the optical and catalytic properties of Zn/Mn co‐doped NiO NPs were improved versus pure NiO NPs, which could be employed for the remediation of dyes in effluents.
Photocatalyst‐Free Visible‐Light‐Promoted C‐3‐Alkylation of Indoles through C−H Functionalizations of N,N‐Dialkylanilines
Authors: Saikia B. Shriya , Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: October 2023

Visible‐light, an environmentally benign and sustainable energy source, is considered an ideal condition for green chemical synthesis especially through C−H functionalization which has been a major focus for the synthesis of organic molecules in the last two decades. Here, we report a visible‐light driven photocatalyst‐free C‐3‐alkylation of indoles via C−H functionalizations of N,N‐dialkylanilines. When N,N‐dialkylaniline is reacted with various substituted indoles in DMSO solvent in an open reaction vessel at room temperature (r.t.) under the irradiation of a Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL, 27 W), C‐3‐alkylation of indoles occurs. The yield of the resulting product is up to 96 %. This photochemical transformation offers several advantages such as catalyst‐free, aerial oxygen as the sole oxidant, visible‐light promoted, and tolerable for various functional groups in indoles.
K2S2O8‐Mediated 1,2‐Hydroxycarbonylation of Alkenes to Construct Hydroxyl‐Functionalized Chroman‐4‐Ones
Authors: Sun Yong‐Bin , Luo Chun‐Mei , Wang Ling‐Tao , Li Long , Zhang Can‐Can , Ge Guo‐Ping , Liu Hongxin , Wei Wen‐Ting
Published: October 2023

Difunctionalization of alkenes allows the rapid construction of complex molecules with high selectivity and efficiency in organic synthesis. Herein, we first describe a 1,2‐hydroxycarbonylation of alkenes for the preparation of hydroxyl‐functionalized chroman‐4‐ones through the cooperative action of inorganic oxidants and organic acids. The transformation is initiated by the formation of an acyl radical, and then experiences intramolecular 6‐exo‐trig radical cyclization and hydroxylation process. It is notable that the hydroxyl group in the final products originate from organic acids without the use of any transition‐metal catalysts. To further demonstrate the practicality and mechanism of this method, the gram‐scale reaction and a series of control experiments including gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy experiments were performed, and the corresponding intermediates were successfully captured.
RETRACTED: DNMT1‐mediated regulating on FBXO32 promotes the progression of glioma cells through the regulation of SKP1 activity
Authors: Quan Junjie , Ma Chengwen
Published: October 2023

Glioma, a prevalent and serious form of brain cancer, is associated with dysregulation of DNA methylation, where DNA methyltransferase‐1 (DNMT1) plays a significant role in glioma progression. However, the involvement of F‐box protein 32 (FBXO32) in glioma and its regulation by DNMT1‐mediated methylation remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated FBXO32 expression in glioma cells with high DNMT1 expression using the online dataset and correlated it with patient survival. Then impact of elevated FBXO32 expression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was evaluated, along with the examination of EMT‐related proteins. Furthermore, a xenograft model established by injecting glioma cells stably transfected with FBXO32 was used to evaluate tumor growth, volume, and weight. The ChIP assay was employed to study the interaction between DNMT1 and the FBXO32 promoter, revealing that DNMT1 negatively correlated with FBXO32 expression in glioma cells and promoted FBXO32 promoter methylation. Moreover, we investigated the interaction between FBXO32 and SKP1 using Co‐IP and GST pulldown assays, discovering that FBXO32 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and promotes SKP1 ubiquitination, leading to its degradation. Interestingly, our findings demonstrated that high FBXO32 expression was associated with improved overall survival in glioma patients. Knockdown of DNMT1 in glioma cells increased FBXO32 expression and suppressed malignant phenotypes, suggesting that FBXO32 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism involving DNMT1‐mediated FBXO32 expression in glioma cells, where FBXO32 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to degrade SKP1 via ubiquitination. This FBXO32‐mediated regulation of SKP1 activity contributes to the progression of glioma cells. These findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma progression and may hold promise for the development of targeted therapies for glioma patients.
LINC01485 contributes to colorectal cancer progression by targeting miR‐383‐5p/KRT80 axis
Authors: Gao Xia , Wang Guangxin , Zhang Min , Zhang Xinxin , Zhang Shuosheng , Long Haocheng
Published: October 2023

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important in tumorigenesis and the development of multiple malignant human tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of LINC01485 and its biological function in CRC. We estimated the expression of miR‐383‐5p, KRT80, and LINC01485 in CRC cells and tissues using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting. The results were confirmed using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual‐luciferase assays. Binding relationships among miR‐383‐5p, LINC01485, and KRT80 were assessed. We explored the molecular mechanisms and functions of the LINC01485/miR‐383‐5p/KRT80 axis using CCK‐8 and colony formation assays. Expression of the apoptotic markers Bcl‐2 and Bax was quantified by western blotting, and the effects of LINC01485 on tumor development in vivo were investigated using xenograft tumors. Both LINC01485 and KRT80 were upregulated, whereas miR‐383‐5p was downregulated in CRC cells and tissues. Knockdown of LINC01485 attenuated CRC cell growth and xenograft tumor formation in vivo, whereas LINC01485 enhanced the proliferative capacity of CRC cells but inhibited apoptosis by sponging miR‐383‐5p to increase KRT80 expression in CRC cells. The regulatory molecular mechanism of the LINC01485/miR‐383‐5p/KRT80 axis plays a crucial role in CRC progression. Our findings highlight novel pathways and promising biomarkers for diagnostic and therapeutic application to patients with CRC.
Temporal analysis of lung injury induced by real‐ambient PM2.5 exposure in mice
Authors: Zeng Huixian , Chen Wei , Li Meizhen , Shao Yueting , Li Xun , Zhang Rong , Jiang Yiguo
Published: October 2023

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been shown to induce lung injury. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of PM2.5‐induced pulmonary injury after different exposure times are poorly understood. In this study, we exposed male ICR mice to a whole‐body PM2.5 inhalation system at daily mean concentration range from 92.00 to 862.00 μg/m3 for 30, 60, and 90 days. We found that following prolonged exposure to PM2.5, pulmonary injury was increasingly evident with significant histopathological alterations. Notably, the pulmonary inflammatory response and fibrosis caused by PM2.5 after different exposure times were closely associated with histopathological changes. In addition, PM2.5 exposure caused oxidative stress, DNA damage and impairment of DNA repair in a time‐dependent manner in the lung. Importantly, exposure to PM2.5 eventually caused apoptosis in the lung through upregulation of cleaved‐caspase‐3 and downregulation of Bcl‐2. Overall, our data demonstrated that PM2.5 led to pulmonary injury in a time‐dependent manner via upregulation of proinflammatory and fibrosis‐related genes, and activation of the DNA damage response. Our findings provided a novel perspective on the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases caused by airborne pollution.
Überprüfung visueller Defizite durch die Polizei bei Verkehrsteilnehmern in Deutschland
Authors: Bartram M. C. , Kanngießer J. , Hufendiek K. , Schalhorn C. , Framme C.
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Der Berufsverband der Augenärzte (BVA) schätzt, dass auf deutschen Straßen mindestens hunderttausende Verkehrsunfälle mit zehntausenden Verletzten und Toten jährlich durch bekannte und nicht-bekannte Störungen des Sehens verursacht werden. Die Polizei hatte bisher allerdings nicht die Möglichkeit, bei fahrauffälligen Personen potenzielle Sehstörungen vor Ort zu prüfen. In einem Pilotprojekt der Polizei mit der Augenklinik der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH) wurde erstmals darauf abgezielt, die bisherigen Tests der Polizei durch angepasste „Car-side“-Sehprüfungen zu erweitern.

Material und Methode

Vor Ort werden die Augenmotilität, die Pupillengröße und die Lichtreaktion von Autofahrern evaluiert sowie eine orientierende Sehschärfenprüfung und ein orientierendes Konfrontationsgesichtsfeld durchgeführt. Die praktische Durchführung sämtlicher Untersuchungsmodalitäten wurde zuvor abgestimmt und trainiert.

Ergebnisse

Umfang und Art der einzelnen Untersuchungen zur Abschätzung der Sehfähigkeit am PKW wurden beschrieben und standardisiert. Neben den visuellen Merkmalen werden auch bekanntere neurologische Tests, wie z. B. „Gerade auf einer Linie laufen“, erfasst. Durch die kombinierte Testauswertung ergibt sich eine objektive Grundlage zur behördlichen Entscheidung einer ggf. notwendigen sofortigen Führerscheinsicherstellung und zu dem Einleiten weiterer Maßnahmen wie beispielsweise einer augenärztlichen Überprüfung. Mit diesen Neuerungen hat die Polizei Niedersachsen ihr Ausbildungskonzept zur Überprüfung der Fahrtüchtigkeit überarbeitet und Anfang 2022 inklusive der augenärztlicherseits empfohlenen Sehprüfungen zur Umsetzung herausgegeben. Mittlerweile sind in Niedersachsen rund 150 Beamte ausgebildet worden und haben jetzt die Berechtigung „qualifizierte Fahrtüchtigkeitsprüfungen“ durchzuführen. Diesbezüglich wurde bereits eine Vielzahl von entsprechenden Verkehrsprüfungen durchgeführt, und die Weiterfahrten von Verkehrsteilnehmern mit erheblichen visuellen Defiziten wurden unterbunden.

Schlussfolgerung

In diesem Pilotprojekt wurde erstmals darauf abgezielt, die gängigen Testverfahren der (Verkehrs‑)Polizei zur Erkennung von verkehrsgefährdenden Autofahrern neben Screening auf Alkohol, Drogen und neurologische Defizite um spezifische Tests zur Erkennung von visuellen Defiziten zu erweitern. Das entsprechende Training der Polizeibeamten wurde in Niedersachsen und Hamburg flächendeckend durchgeführt, und die Maßnahmen finden aktuell bei Verkehrskontrollen im Bedarfsfall Anwendung. Die überprüften Merkmale sollen zukünftig auch in einem gewichteten Score bewertet werden und eine objektive Entscheidungsgrundlage für die Polizei darstellen, bei entsprechenden Defiziten ggf. eine Weiterfahrt zu unterbinden.
Combined associations of a healthy lifestyle and body mass index with colorectal cancer recurrence and survival: a cohort study
Authors: Barot Shabane , Rantanen Petri , Nordenvall Caroline , Lindforss Ulrik , Hallqvist Everhov Åsa , Larsson Susanna C. , Lindblom Annika , Liljegren Annelie
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is associated with modifiable lifestyle factors including smoking, physical inactivity, Western diet, and excess body weight. The impact of lifestyle factors on survival is less known. A cohort study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of a healthy lifestyle and body mass index on prognosis following CRC diagnosis.

Methods

Treatment and follow-up data were collected from the patient files of 1098 participants from the Colorectal cancer low-risk study cohort including stage I-III CRC patients. A healthy lifestyle and BMI (HL) score was computed using self-reported data on smoking status, physical activity, adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern, and BMI, and divided into four categories ranging from least to most healthy. Survival analyses were performed to assess recurrence-free survival and overall survival across categories of exposure, using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and educational level.

Results

Among 1098 participants with stage I-III CRC, 233 (21.2%) had an HL score of 0–1 (least healthy), 354 (32.2%) HL score of 2, 357 (32.5%) HL score of 3 and 154 (14.0) HL score 4 (most healthy). Patients with the healthiest lifestyle (HL score 4) compared to the least healthy (HL score 0–1) had an improved recurrence-free survival (HL 4 vs HL 0–1, HRadj 0.51 (95% CI 0.31–0.83) and overall survival (HL 4 vs HL 0–1, HRadj 0.52 (95% CI 0.38–0.70).

Conclusion

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle may increase the recurrence-free and overall survival of patients with stage I–III CRC.
Trace metal content prediction along an AMD (acid mine drainage)-contaminated stream draining a coal mine using VNIR–SWIR spectroscopy
Authors: Abrahams Jamie-Leigh Robin , Carranza Emmanuel John M.
Published: October 2023

The current study investigated the use of VNIR–SWIR (visible/near infrared to short-wavelength infrared: 400–2500 nm) spectroscopy for predicting trace metals in overbank sediments collected in the study site. Here, we (i) derived spectral absorption feature parameters (SAFPs) from measured ground spectra for correlation with trace metal (Pb, Cd, As, and Cu) contents in overbank sediments, (ii) built univariate regression models to predict trace metal concentrations using the SAFPs, and (iii) evaluated the predictive capacities of the regression models. The derived SAFPs associated with goethite in overbank sediments were Depth433b, Asym433b, and Width433b, and those associated with kaolinite in overbank sediments were Depth1366b, Asym1366b, Width1366b, Depth2208b, Asym2208b, and Width2208b. Cadmium in the overbank sediments showed the strongest correlations with the goethite-related SAFPs, whereas Pb, As, and Cu showed strong correlations with goethite- and kaolinite-related SAFPs. The best predictive models were obtained for Cu (R2 = 0.73, SEE = 0.15) and Pb (R2 = 0.73, SEE = 0.21), while weaker models were obtained for As (R2 = 0.46, SEE = 0.31) and Cd (R2 = 0.17, SEE = 0.81). The results suggest that trace metals can be predicted indirectly using the SAFPs associated with goethite and kaolinite. This is an important benefit of VNIR–SWIR spectroscopy considering the difficulty in analyzing “trace” metal concentrations, on large scales, using conventional geochemical methods.