bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thiol–ene click chemistry: a biocompatible way for orthogonal bioconjugation of colloidal nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yuan , Hou Weijia , Sun Hao , Cui Cheng , Zhang Liqin , Jiang Ying , Wu Yongxiang , Wang Yanyue , Li Juan , Sumerlin Brent S. , Liu Qiaoling , Tan Weihong
Published: June 2017

Bioconjugation based on crosslinking primary amines to carboxylic acid groups has found broad applications in protein modification, drug development, and nanomaterial functionalization.
Immune-camouflaged graphene oxide nanosheets for negative regulation of phagocytosis by macrophages
Authors: Shim G. , Miao W. , Ko S. , Park G. T. , Kim J. Y. , Kim M. G. , Kim Y. B. , Oh Y. K.
Published: June 2017

Immune-camouflaged GO nanosheets with CD47-like SIRPα binding molecules can reduce the phagocytosis by macrophages, enhancing tumor delivery.
PEG-containing ruthenium phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Teles Ferreira Joana , Pina João , Alberto Fontes Ribeiro Carlos , Fernandes Rosa , Tomé João P. C. , Rodríguez-Morgade M. Salomé , Torres Tomás
Published: June 2017

Three ruthenium(ii) phthalocyanines functionalized at their axial positions with 4–12 PEG chains bearing hydroxy, amino and ether terminal groups were synthesized and studied as PDT agents against bladder cancer cells.
Prevention of encrustation and blockage of urinary catheters by Proteus mirabilis via pH-triggered release of bacteriophage
Authors: Milo Scarlet , Hathaway Hollie , Nzakizwanayo Jonathan , Alves Diana R. , Esteban Patricia Pérez , Jones Brian V. , Jenkins A. Toby A.
Published: June 2017

The crystalline biofilms ofProteus mirabiliscan seriously complicate the care of patients undergoing long-term indwelling urinary catheterisation.
Singlet fission in thin films of metallo-supramolecular polymers with ditopic thiophene-bridged terpyridine ligands
Authors: Rais David , Pfleger Jiří , Menšík Miroslav , Zhigunov Alexander , Štenclová Pavla , Svoboda Jan , Vohlídal Jiří
Published: June 2017

Ultrafast singlet exciton fission in thin solid films after UV laser photoexcitation was observed using transient absorption spectroscopy.
Discovery of the Yb2+–Yb3+ couple as red-to-NIR persistent luminescence emitters in Yb-activated (Ba1−xSrx)AlSi5O2N7 phosphors
Authors: Lv Ying , Wang Le , Zhuang Yixi , Zhou Tian-Liang , Xie Rong-Jun
Published: June 2017

The Yb2+–Yb3+ couple is found to be a new red-to-NIR emitter in (Ba1−xSrx)AlSi5O2N7:Yb phosphors showing excellent persistent luminescence properties.
A high-performance fully nanostructured individual CdSe nanotube photodetector with enhanced responsivity and photoconductive gain
Authors: An Qinwei , Meng Xianquan , Xiong Ke , Qiu Yunlei
Published: June 2017

Single-crystalline CdSe nanotubes with a perfect hollow tubular architecture and higher surface-to-volume ratio were synthesized via a simplified one-step ambient pressure physical vapor deposition process and utilized to fabricate an individual CdSe nanotube photodetector with enhanced responsivity and photoconductive gain.
Depletion of MHC class II invariant chain peptide or γ–δ T-cells ameliorates experimental preeclampsia
Authors: Chatterjee Piyali , Chiasson Valorie L. , Seerangan Geetha , De Guzman Eugene , Milad Moheb , Bounds Kelsey R. , Gasheva Olga , Tobin Richard P. , Hatahet Mohamad , Kopriva Shelley , Jones Kathleen A. , Newell-Rogers M. Karen , Mitchell Brett M.
Published: June 2017

Excessive innate immune system activation and inflammation during pregnancy can lead to organ injury and dysfunction and preeclampsia (PE); however, the molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation induces major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II invariant chain peptide (CLIP) expression on immune cells, makes them pro-inflammatory, and are necessary to cause PE-like features in mice. Treatment with VG1177, a competitive antagonist peptide for CLIP in the groove of MHC class II, was able to both prevent and treat PE-like features in mice. We then determined that γ–δ T cells are critical for the development of PE-like features in mice since γ–δ T-cell knockout mice, like CLIP deficient mice, are resistant to developing PE-like features. Placentas from women with PE exhibit significantly increased levels of γ–δ T cells. These preclinical data demonstrate that CLIP expression and activated γ–δ T cells are responsible for the development of immunologic PE-like features and that temporarily antagonizing CLIP and/or γ–δ T cells may be a therapeutic strategy for PE.
Polarisation‐independent tunable absorber with embedded biasing network
Authors: Ghosh S. , Srivastava K.V.
Published: June 2017

A polarisation‐independent tunable absorber has been presented with wide tuning range. The proposed design consists of periodic patterns of square loops connected through varactor diodes, thus resulting in tunable performance. Due to four‐fold symmetric design, the structure exhibits tunable characteristic for all polarisation angles unlike the earlier reported tunable absorbers. Furthermore, the configuration also eliminates the need for any external biasing network, and therefore avoids the design difficulties associated with the added bias grids. A prototype of the proposed structure has been fabricated, whose measured results show good agreement with the simulated responses under normal incidence.
Highly efficient wideband X‐band MMIC class‐F power amplifier with cascode FP GaN HEMT
Authors: Kang J. , Moon J.‐S.
Published: June 2017

Wideband high‐power single‐chip X‐band class‐F power amplifier with excellent output performances is reported. In order to achieve high‐power class‐F operation under minimised output capacitance impact at the frequency, high‐voltage operation with minimised device size is pursued and its voltage swing becomes maximised by adopting high breakdown field‐plate (FP) GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) devices with cascode configuration. For the fabrication, 0.14 µm FP AlGaN/GaN HEMT technology with 58 GHz fT and ∼100 V breakdown is used. Based on on‐wafer test at 44 V Vdd, the fabricated class‐F power amplifier delivers maximum 61.1% power added efficiency (PAE) with 9.2 W at 10.2 GHz. With the help of high‐voltage operating cascode devices of minimised size, it also delivers excellent bandwidth of 1.6 GHz at the point of 50% PAE and high‐power density of 4.42 W/mm is demonstrated.
Modified high voltage gain switched boost inverter
Authors: Abbasi Aghdam Meinagh Farhad , Babaei Ebrahim , Tarzamni Hadi
Published: June 2017

In this study, a new modified switched boost inverter (MSBI) is proposed. The proposed inverter presents higher voltage gain in comparison with conventional Z‐source inverter and switched boost inverter. Moreover, the proposed inverter provides zero voltage switching turn‐off of input voltage source side switches. In this study, the proposed converter is theoretically analysed in different operational modes along with design procedure and ripple analysis. The proposed MSBI is compared with similar works to evaluate its capabilities. Finally, a 50 kHz experimental prototype with input voltage of 40 V is used to verify the analysis and simulation results.
Industrial Internet of things at work: a case study analysis in robotic‐aided environmental monitoring
Authors: Scilimati Vito , Petitti Antonio , Boccadoro Pietro , Colella Roberto , Di Paola Donato , Milella Annalisa , Alfredo Grieco Luigi
Published: June 2017

Nowadays, Internet of things (IoT) and robotic systems are key drivers of technological innovation trends. Leveraging the advantages of both technologies, IoT‐aided robotic systems can disclose a disruptive potential of opportunities The present contribution provides an experimental analysis of an IoT‐aided robotic system for environmental monitoring. To this end, an experimental testbed has been developed. It is composed of: (i) an IoT device connected to (ii) an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which executes a patrolling mission within a specified area, where (iii) an IoT network has been deployed to sense environmental data. An extensive experimental campaign has been carried out to scavenge pros and cons of adopted technologies. The key results of the authors analysis show that: (i) the UAV does not incur any significant overhead due to onboard IoT equipment and (ii) the overall quality of service expressed in terms of network joining time, data retrieval delay and packet loss ratio satisfies the mission requirements. These results enable further development in larger‐scale environment.
Jumping Mechanography as a Complementary Testing Tool for Motor Function in Children with Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy
Authors: Ille Lena , Blaschek Astrid , Rawer Rainer , Landgraf Mirjam , Gerstl Lucia , Schroeder Sebastian , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Vill Katharina
Published: June 2017

Objective This study aims to compare mechanography, measuring force in jumping, and rising, with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and time function tests in pediatric patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies.

Methods A cohort of 23 patients performed the 6MWT and time function tests (time to run 10 m, to rise from a supine position, and to climb four stairs), as well as the chair rising test (CRT) and the single two-legged jump (S2LJ) on a mechanography ground reaction force platform. Results were correlated calculating linear regression.

Results Correlation revealed high or moderate correlation between mechanography and the 6MWT and the time function tests: S2LJ/6MWT = 0.64; CRT/6MWT = 0.52; S2LJ/rising from floor = 0.63; CRT/rising from floor = 0.67; S2LJ/10 m run = 0.74; CRT/10 m run = 0.66; S2LJ/climb four stairs = 0.56; CRT/climb four stairs = 0.47.

Conclusion Jumping mechanography is a good additional tool for the assessment of pediatric patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and might be used for primary outcome measures. It was not feasible in more advanced stages of the disease. In less disabled children, the S2LJ, which quantifies force generated by proximal and distal muscles, might be superior to other tests.
Intramedulläre Stabilisierung und Augmentation mit unter Licht polymerisierendem Methylmethacrylat
Authors: Bail Hermann
Published: June 2017

Ein neues Verfahren ermöglicht durch das Einspritzen eines Monomers in einen minimalinvasiv intramedullär eingebrachten Ballon mit anschließendem Auspolymerisieren unter Blaulicht die gezielte Stabilisierung und Augmentation insbesondere von osteoporotischen und/oder metastatischen Frakturen. An den oberen Extremitäten kann das ausgehärtete Methylmethacrylat als Stand-alone-Implantat zur Frakturstabilisierung dienen. Es eignet sich auch – vor allem an den unteren Extremitäten – zur intramedullären Augmentation z. B. einer winkelstabilen Plattenosteosynthese im Sinne einer verlängerten Verbundosteosynthese. Bisher gibt es nur wenige klinische Daten bez. dieses Verfahrens, es existieren vor allem Kongressberichte. Das Verfahren muss seinen Wert noch in größeren Fallserien und vergleichenden Studien unter Beweis stellen. Dennoch scheint es eine Option zur Verbesserung der Versorgung von Frakturen bei stark reduzierter Knochensubstanz darzustellen.
Zementaugmentation am proximalen Humerus
Authors: Plecko Michael
Published: June 2017

Osteoporotische Frakturen am proximalen Humerus stellen auch heute noch, trotz der stark verbesserten Implantate und der verfeinerten Operationstechnik, eine große Herausforderung dar. Neben der Komplexität der Frakturen und den häufigen Komorbiditäten dieser Patienten ist es vor allem der schlechte Halt der Implantate im osteoporotischen Oberarmkopf, der zu einer hohen Rate an Komplikationen führt. Hier stehen der sekundäre Repositionsverlust und das Durchschneiden bzw. Ausreißen der Schrauben an führender Stelle. Durch Verbesserung des Knochen-Implantat-Interfaces kann die In-situ-Schraubenaugmentation mit Knochenzement deren Halt deutlich verbessern und damit ein Nachsinken der Fragmente verhindern und trotz der schlechten Knochenqualität eine frühfunktionelle Nachbehandlung ermöglichen.
Cold snare polypectomy reduced delayed postpolypectomy bleeding compared with conventional hot polypectomy: a propensity score-matching analysis
Authors: Yamashina Takeshi , Fukuhara Manabu , Maruo Takanori , Tanke Gensho , Marui Saiko , Sada Ryota , Taki Mio , Ohara Yoshiaki , Sakamoto Azusa , Henmi Shinichiro , Sawai Yugo , Saito Sumio , Nishijima Norihiro , Nasu Akihiro , Komekado Hideyuki , Sekikawa Akira , Asada Masanori , Tumura Takehiko , Kita Ryuichi , Kimura Toru , Osaki Yukio
Published: June 2017

Background and study aims Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for small colorectal polyps has lower incidence of adverse events, especially delayed postpolypectomy bleeding (DPPB). However, few data are available on comparisons of the incidence of DPPB of CSP and hot polypectomy (HP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of DPPB after CSP and compare it with that of HP. A propensity score model was used as a secondary analysis.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single municipal hospital. We identified 539 patients with colorectal polyps from 2 mm to 11 mm in size who underwent CSP (804 polyps in 330 patients) or HP (530 polyps in 209 patients) between July 2013 and June 2015.

Results There were no cases of DPPB in the CSP group. Conversely, DPPB occurred in 4 patients (1.9 %) after HP, resulting in a significant difference between the CSP and HP groups (0.008 % vs 0 %, P = 0.02). Propensity score-matching analysis created 402 matched pairs, yielding a significantly higher DPPB rate in the HP group than CSP group (0.02 % vs 0 %, P = 0.04). However, significantly more patients in the CSP group had unclear horizontal margins that precluded assessment (83 vs 38 cases, P < 0.001). The retrieval failure rate was significantly higher in the CSP group than in the HP group (3 % vs 0.7 %, P = 0.01).

Conclusions DPPB was less frequent with CSP than HP, as selected by the propensity score-matching model. Our findings indicate that CSP is recommended polypectomy in daily clinical setting. However, special care should be taken during polyp retrieval and horizontal margin assessment, and these issues could be taken into account in follow-up after CSP.
Interview mit Dr. Christian Baumgart – „Ich halte die Faszienrolle nicht für sinnvoll“
Authors: Ermel Johannes
Published: June 2017

Aus Physiotherapiepraxen, Fitnessstudios und dem Leistungssport ist die Faszienrolle nicht mehr wegzudenken. Selbst Discounter verkaufen die harten Schaumstoffteile, und immer wieder kommen neue Modelle auf den Markt. Ein Trend, der nicht zu übersehen ist. Aber wie steht es um die Evidenz? Wir fragen den Sportingenieur Dr. Christian Baumgart, ob sich die erhofften und versprochenen Effekte belegen lassen.
Physiotherapie aus Patientensicht – Vertrauen als Grundvoraussetzung
Authors: Becker Marion Anna
Published: June 2017

Worauf legen Patienten in Therapiesituationen wert? Wann fühlen sie sich wohl und wann nicht? physiopraxis hat nachgefragt: bei der Gesundheitswissenschaftlerin Dr. Andrea Dehn-Hindenberg und zwei Patienten, die seit Jahrzehnten zur Physiotherapie gehen.
Minoritätenstress und soziale Unterstützung: Eine Online-Untersuchung zum Wohlbefinden von Trans*Personen in der
Schweiz
Authors: Ott Adrien , Regli Daniel , Znoj Hansjörg
Published: June 2017

Übersicht

Trans*Personen sind in unserer Gesellschaft in einem bedeutenden Ausmaß von Stigmatisierung und Ablehnung betroffen. Das
Minoritätenstressmodell sagt vorher, dass Nicht-Akzeptanz der Geschlechtsidentität durch andere Menschen sowie internalisierte Transphobie
bei Trans*Personen mit vermindertem psychischen Wohlbefinden zusammenhängen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurden 90 Trans*Personen in
der Schweiz zu erlebter Nicht-Akzeptanz der Geschlechtsidentität, internalisierter Transphobie, Lebenszufriedenheit und psychischer
Belastung befragt. Zusätzlich wurde die soziale Unterstützung als Resilienzfaktor erhoben. Wie erwartet, zeigte sich neben einer hohen
Prävalenz an psychischer Belastung eine starke negative Korrelation zwischen Minoritätenstress und Wohlbefinden. Internalisierte Transphobie
mediierte zudem den Zusammenhang zwischen der Nicht-Akzeptanz der Geschlechtsidentität und dem Wohlbefinden. Ebenfalls konnten
Moderationsanalysen aufzeigen, dass soziale Unterstützung den negativen Zusammenhang zwischen internalisierter Transphobie und Zufriedenheit
teilweise abschwächt. Die Ergebnisse stützen das Minoritätenstressmodell. Offene Forschungsfragen speziell zum Minderheitenstress
unterschiedlicher Teilgruppen von Trans*Personen werden angesprochen.
Revealing isomerism in sodium-water clusters: Photoionization spectra of Na(H2O)n (n = 2–90)
Authors: Dierking Christoph W. , Zurheide Florian , Zeuch Thomas , Med Jakub , Parez Stanislav , Slavíček Petr
Published: June 2017

Soft ionization of sodium tagged polar clusters is increasingly used as a powerful technique for sizing and characterization of small aerosols with possible application, e.g., in atmospheric chemistry or combustion science. Understanding the structure and photoionization of the sodium doped clusters is critical for such applications. In this work, we report on measurements of photoionization spectra for sodium doped water clusters containing 2–90 water molecules. While most of the previous studies focused on the ionization threshold of the Na(H2O)n clusters, we provide for the first time full photoionization spectra, including the high-energy region, which are used as reference for a comparison with theory. As reported in previous work, we have seen an initial drop of the appearance ionization energy with cluster size to values of about 3.2 eV for n<5. In the size range from n = 5 to n = 15, broad ion yield curves emerge; for larger clusters, a constant range between signal appearance (∼2.8 eV) and signal saturation (∼4.1 eV) has been observed. The measurements are interpreted with ab initio calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for selected cluster sizes (n≤ 15). The simulations revealed theory shortfalls when aiming at quantitative agreement but allowed us identifying structural motifs consistent with the observed ionization energy distributions. We found a decrease in the ionization energy with increasing coordination of the Na atom and increasing delocalization of the Na 3s electron cloud. The appearance ionization energy is determined by isomers with fully solvated sodium and a highly delocalized electron cloud, while both fully and incompletely solvated isomers with localized electron clouds can contribute to the high energy part of the photoionization spectrum. Simulations at elevated temperatures show an increased abundance of isomers with low ionization energies, an entropic effect enabling size selective infrared action spectroscopy, based on near threshold photoionization of Na(H2O)n clusters. In addition, simulations of the sodium pick-up process were carried out to study the gradual formation of the hydrated electron which is the basis of the sodium-tagging sizing.
Diffusion of sodium in single crystal CuInSe2
Authors: Forest Robert V. , McCandless Brian E. , He Xiaoqing , Rockett Angus A. , Eser Erten , Dobson Kevin D. , Birkmire Robert W.
Published: June 2017

The incorporation of sodium from sodium fluoride in single-crystal CuInSe2 (CIS) is investigated to provide insight into the intra-granular aspects of sodium incorporation in CIS-based thin films. Sodium was incorporated by evaporating NaF onto two CIS crystals of varying compositions and defect structures followed by heating under vacuum. Diffusion profiles show a near-surface reaction before a deeper diffusion zone which follows a complementary error function, confirming Na diffusion into the crystals. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates that dislocations do not control the diffusion process. The activation energy of diffusion is ∼0.7 eV for both crystals. This low activation energy suggests that Na diffusion occurs rapidly through the bulk at temperatures as low as 300 °C and helps explain the uniform Na concentration often observed in grain interiors of polycrystalline Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films.
Improved surface-roughness scattering and mobility models for multi-gate FETs with arbitrary cross-section and biasing scheme
Authors: Lizzit D. , Badami O. , Specogna R. , Esseni D.
Published: June 2017

We present a new model for surface roughness (SR) scattering in n-type multi-gate FETs (MuGFETs) and gate-all-around nanowire FETs with fairly arbitrary cross-sections, its implementation in a complete device simulator, and the validation against experimental electron mobility data. The model describes the SR scattering matrix elements as non-linear transformations of interface fluctuations, which strongly influences the root mean square value of the roughness required to reproduce experimental mobility data. Mobility simulations are performed via the deterministic solution of the Boltzmann transport equation for a 1D-electron gas and including the most relevant scattering mechanisms for electronic transport, such as acoustic, polar, and non-polar optical phonon scattering, Coulomb scattering, and SR scattering. Simulation results show the importance of accounting for arbitrary cross-sections and biasing conditions when compared to experimental data. We also discuss how mobility is affected by the shape of the cross-section as well as by its area in gate-all-around and tri-gate MuGFETs.
Quantifying uncertainty in the chemical master equation
Authors: Bayati Basil S.
Published: June 2017

We describe a novel approach to quantifying the uncertainty inherent in the chemical kinetic master equation with stochastic coefficients. A stochastic collocation method is coupled to an analytical expansion of the master equation to analyze the effects of both extrinsic and intrinsic noise. The method consists of an analytical moment-closure method resulting in a large set of differential equations with stochastic coefficients that are in turn solved via a Smolyak sparse grid collocation method. We discuss the error of the method relative to the dimension of the model and clarify which methods are most suitable for the problem. We apply the method to two typical problems arising in chemical kinetics with time-independent extrinsic noise. Additionally, we show agreement with classical Monte Carlo simulations and calculate the variance over time as the sum of two expectations. The method presented here has better convergence properties for low to moderate dimensions than standard Monte Carlo methods and is therefore a superior alternative in this regime.
Solitary and cnoidal wave scattering by a submerged horizontal plate in shallow water
Authors: Hayatdavoodi Masoud , Ertekin R. Cengiz , Valentine Benjamin D.
Published: June 2017

Solitary and cnoidal wave transformation over a submerged, fixed, horizontal rigid plate is studied by use of the nonlinear, shallow-water Level I Green-Naghdi (GN) equations. Reflection and transmission coefficients are defined for cnoidal and solitary waves to quantify the nonlinear wave scattering. Results of the GN equations are compared with the laboratory experiments and other theoretical solutions for linear and nonlinear waves in intermediate and deep waters. The GN equations are then used to study the nonlinear wave scattering by a plate in shallow water. It is shown that in deep and intermediate depths, the wave-scattering varies nonlinearly by both the wavelength over the plate length ratio, and the submergence depth. In shallow water, however, and for long-waves, only the submergence depth appear to play a significant role on wave scattering. It is possible to define the plate submergence depth and length such that certain wave conditions are optimized above, below, or downwave of the plate for different applications. A submerged plate in shallow water can be used as a means to attenuate energy, such as in wave breakers, or used for energy focusing, and in wave energy devices.
Electronic structures and physical properties of Na2O doped silicate glass
Authors: Baral Khagendra , Ching Wai-Yim
Published: June 2017

Ab initio molecular dynamics has been applied to construct seven sodium silicate glass models with Na2O concentration ranging from 0 to 50 mol. %. The structures of the simulated (Na2O)x(SiO2)1-x glasses are critically analyzed and validated by comparing with available experimental data. Because the initial seed model is based on a near-perfect continuous random network model for amorphous SiO2 with periodic boundaries, the structures of these silicate glasses are highly reliable. The electronic structure, interatomic bonding, and the mechanical and optical properties of seven models are calculated using the first-principles density functional method. In particular, a single quantum mechanical metric, the total bond order density (TBOD), is used to characterize the internal cohesion of sodium silicate glass. This is a significant step beyond the traditional analysis of glasses based purely on the geometric parameters. The TBOD value is found to decrease with increasing Na content, indicating the destruction of silica network connectivity. The calculated mass density and refractive index increase with x are in good agreement with experiment. The elastic coefficients and bulk mechanical properties exhibit a nonlinear variation in the series and depend greatly on the internal bonding and cohesion of the glass. The calculated Poisson's ratio indicates that the glass becomes more ductile with the addition of Na2O. Our results indicate that sodium silicate glass tends to be unstable for x greater than 0.4 due to the total destruction of the SiO2 network.
Towards high frequency heterojunction transistors: Electrical characterization of N-doped amorphous silicon-graphene diodes
Authors: Strobel C. , Chavarin C. A. , Kitzmann J. , Lupina G. , Wenger Ch. , Albert M. , Bartha J. W.
Published: June 2017

N-type doped amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) is deposited on top of graphene (Gr) by means of very high frequency (VHF) and radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). In order to preserve the structural integrity of the monolayer graphene, a plasma excitation frequency of 140 MHz was successfully applied during the a-Si:H VHF-deposition. Raman spectroscopy results indicate the absence of a defect peak in the graphene spectrum after the VHF-PECVD of (n)-a-Si:H. The diode junction between (n)-a-Si:H and graphene was characterized using temperature dependent current-voltage (IV) and capacitance-voltage measurements, respectively. We demonstrate that the current at the (n)-a-Si:H-graphene interface is dominated by thermionic emission and recombination in the space charge region. The Schottky barrier height (qΦB), derived by temperature dependent IV-characteristics, is about 0.49 eV. The junction properties strongly depend on the applied deposition method of (n)-a-Si:H with a clear advantage of the VHF(140 MHz)-technology. We have demonstrated that (n)-a-Si:H-graphene junctions are a promising technology approach for high frequency heterojunction transistors.
MMW/IR beam combiner with graphene IR window for MMW/IR compact range compound test
Authors: Chen Dong , Li Yanhong , Pang Xudong , Zhu Weihua , Wang Liquan , Liu Zhigang , Wang Tailei , Zhu Shouzheng
Published: June 2017

A millimeter wave (MMW)/infrared (IR) beam combiner with a graphene IR window for the MMW/IR compact range (CR) compound test is creatively proposed with comprehensive analysis and simulation. Graphene is used as the IR window material to transfer the IR feed signal behind a perforated MMW CR reflector for it has the unique property of high IR transmissivity and high MMW conductivity. This research shows that graphene IR windows have better IR transmissivity than conducting inductive mesh IR windows when the beam combiner meets the MMW CR test demanding. Graphene IR windows also show a better MMW test bandwidth than dielectric IR windows. Meanwhile, the graphene IR window MMW/IR beam combiner has a circular aperture test zone with which it is sufficient to test a cylindrical unit under test according to the requirement.
Turbulent amplification of magnetic field in laser plasma interaction and astrophysical plasmas
Authors: Tiwary Prem Pyari , Sharma Swati , Singh Ram Kishor , Kumari Anju , Satsangi V. R. , Sharma R. P.
Published: June 2017

The investigation of the nonlinear evolution of magnetosonic wave (MSW) in the presence of density fluctuations at the background has been presented in this paper. The propagation of a single beam or counter propagation of beams is assumed to change the background density accordingly. The model equation for MSW has been obtained by considering the effect of modified plasma density in the background, along with the nonlinear ponderomotive force. The equation so found has been numerically solved to study its effect on the localization of MSW. From the results, the localized and filamentary structures of the MSW can be observed. The effect of variation of the amplitude of density perturbation has been studied on the amplification of magnetic field. To get better insight of these structures, a semi-analytical model with paraxial approximation has been studied. The effect of background density fluctuations on the resulting turbulent spectrum has been evaluated. The results show that the turbulent spectrum gets flattened towards smaller scales as the counter propagation of beams takes place as compared to the single beam propagation. The nonlinear interaction presented here may be important in interpreting the phenomenon of turbulence and magnetic field amplification due to mergers and jets in central galaxy.
Effect of photonic stop-band on the modes of a weakly scattering DCM-PVA waveguide random laser
Authors: Sarkar Anirban , Ojha N. N. Subhashree , Bhaktha B. N. Shivakiran
Published: June 2017

We present an experimental study on the effect of the photonic stop-band (PSB) on the random laser (RL) emission characteristics of a 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film (DCM-PVA). The film, having its refractive index greater than the substrate and density variations at the microscopic scale, acts as a disordered active planar waveguide. The propagation losses for the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes of the waveguide are observed to be 0.50 and 0.74 dB/cm, respectively, at λ = 632.8 nm. The waveguiding DCM-PVA film is then sandwiched between two silica 3-D photonic crystals (opals). The overlap of the DCM-PVA photoluminescence with the PSB of the opals is controlled by the choice of the particle size used for opal fabrication. The random lasing threshold studies have been carried out for both TM and TE polarizations for opals with different particle sizes. A reduction in the threshold of RL emission, with respect to the DCM-PVA waveguide, by about 20 times (to 0.67 mJ/cm2) is observed when the photoluminescence of the DCM-PVA film overlaps with the PSB of the opal structure for TM polarization, showing that the embedding of an RL in an engineered PSB material is an effective way to reduce the thresholds of RLs.
Leading edge vortex control on a delta wing with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators
Authors: Shen Lu , Wen Chih-yung
Published: June 2017

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the application of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators on a slender delta wing to control the leading edge vortices (LEVs). The experiments are conducted in a wind tunnel with a Reynolds number of 50 000 based on the chord length. The smoke flow visualization reveals that the DBD plasma actuators at the leading edges significantly modify the vortical flow structure over the delta wing. It is noted that symmetric control at both semi-spans and asymmetric control at a single semi-span leads to opposite effects on the local LEVs. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) indicates that the shear layer is deformed by the actuators. Therefore, both the strength and the shape of the LEV cores are deeply affected. The six-component force measurement shows that the DBD plasma actuators have a limited effect on lift and drag while inducing relatively large moments. This suggests that the DBD plasma actuator is a promising technique for delta wing maneuvering.
Evidence for the bias-driven migration of oxygen vacancies in amorphous non-stoichiometric gallium oxide
Authors: Guo D. Y. , Qian Y. P. , Su Y. L. , Shi H. Z. , Li P. G. , Wu J. T. , Wang S. L. , Cui C. , Tang W. H.
Published: June 2017

The conductivity of gallium oxide thin films is strongly dependent on the growth temperature when they deposited by pulsed laser deposition under vacuum environment, exhibiting an insulative-to-metallic transition with the decrease of the temperature. The high conductive gallium oxide films deposited at low temperature are amorphous, non-stoichiometric, and rich in oxygen vacancy. Large changes in electrical resistance are observed in these non-stoichiometric thin films. The wide variety of hysteretic shapes in the I-V curves depend on the voltage-sweep rate, evidencing that the time-dependent redistribution of oxygen vacancy driven by bias is the controlling parameter for the resistance of gallium oxide.
Confined in-fiber solidification and structural control of silicon and silicon−germanium microparticles
Authors: Gumennik Alexander , Levy Etgar C. , Grena Benjamin , Hou Chong , Rein Michael , Abouraddy Ayman F. , Joannopoulos John D. , Fink Yoel
Published: June 2017

Significance

Water freezing into ice has a number of fascinating outcomes: Dendritic solidification of water results in beautiful snowflakes, a sealed bottle of beer shatters in a freezer, and ice covering salty oceans at the poles is salt-free due to compositional segregation. A silicon–germanium (SiGe) material system, ubiquitous in microelectronics, is surprisingly similar to water in its solidification behavior. Quenching of molten SiGe microdroplets sealed inside a glass fiber leads to dendritic morphology, with potential use in solar cells. Slow cooling induces compression of these spheres to tens of thousands of atmospheres, potentially changing the band structure of these materials. Moreover, slow solidification results in compositionally segregated SiGe Janus particles, useful for high-frequency microelectronic and nanorobotic applications.
From visual perception to inference in the French evidential markersil m’est avis que,apparemment, andil paraît que
Authors: Rodríguez-Somolinos Amalia
Published: June 2017

This article studies the evolution, from Medieval to Modern French, of three evidential markers that are semantically related from a diachronic perspective:il m’est avis que‘I think that’, ‘it seems to me that’,apparemment‘apparently’, andil paraît que‘it seems that, apparently’. This study demonstrates the rise of the modal and evidential uses of the markers in question, from the Medieval period onwards, and provides a semantic characterization of these three epistemic-evidential markers in order to precisely grasp the evolution of their meaning. Using information from a number of databases, this article provides empirical support for the study of the different types of evidentiality, their evolution, and their interaction with the epistemic commitment of the speaker and the degree of certainty. The three markers have evolved towards greater subjectivity and a lower degree of certainty. Their historical semantic description shows that a marker may shift diachronically between various types of evidence.
The rise and development of parentheticalneedless to say
Authors: Blanco-Suárez Zeltia , Serrano-Losada Mario
Published: June 2017

The article traces the diachronic development of the assumed evidentialneedless to say. This parenthetical expression allows the speaker to make certain assertions regarding the obviousness of what s/he is about to say, thus serving as an evidential strategy that marks the information conveyed as being based on inference and/or assumed or general knowledge. Parentheticalneedless to sayhas its roots in the Early Modern Englishneedless to-infconstruction (meaning ‘it is unnecessary to do something’), which originally licensed a wide range of infinitives. Over the course of time, however, it became restricted to uses with utterance verbs, eventually giving rise to the grammaticalized evidential expressionneedless to say. In fact, it is only in Late Modern English that the evidential pragmatic inferences become conventionalized and that the first parenthetical uses of the construction are attested. In Present-day English, parentheticalneedless to sayoccurs primarily at the left periphery with forward scope.
Miratives in Japanese
Authors: Shimada Masaharu , Nagano Akiko
Published: June 2017

The notion of mirativity as a grammatical category separate from evidentiality is controversial, but a certain amount of cross-linguistic evidence speaks for its validity. The aim of this study is to investigate this notion in contemporary and earlier Japanese, which is shown to have mirative constructions: (i)nomiratives, (ii)kotomiratives, and (iii) lexical miratives. The particlesnoandkotoare polyfunctional, and they have recently gained a mirative function. Lexical miratives are uttered by the younger generation. These findings raise a diachronic issue regarding the emergence of the three mirative constructions. AdoptingCruschina’s (2011)cartographic approach to discourse-related phenomena and the notion of “emotional vocative” offered byYamada (1936), we argue that what binds the three constructions together is the involvement of the IFocP (Information Focus Phrase) and that their emergences are all explained by grammaticalization paths starting from nominals.
The acquisition of rhotics by child L2 and L3 learners
Authors: Reyes Alexandra Morales , Arechabaleta Begona , Montrul Silvina A.
Published: June 2017

This study investigated how previous linguistic experience and universal strategies guide the acquisition of phonology in the classroom. More specifically, it focused on the possible advantages that bilingual children have over monolingual children. Thirty-four children completed a picture-naming task: 9 Spanish native speakers, 19 English native speakers acquiring Spanish as L2 and 6 Korean-English bilinguals acquiring Spanish as L3. Results indicated that in general the children rapidly acquired native-like pronunciation of the Spanish rhotics, but the Korean-English bilinguals outperformed the English-speaking children. We propose that although previous linguistic knowledge plays a role in L2 and L3 acquisition, children are able to overcome transfer errors because they are guided by universal developmental strategies from the initial stages of acquisition. We suggest that if L3 learners have an advantage over L2 learners, this may be due to their complex linguistic knowledge and higher metalinguistic competence.
Critical assessment 28: Electrical field/current application – a revolution in materials processing/sintering?
Authors: Anselmi-Tamburini U. , Groza J. R.
Published: June 2017

The interest towards field-assisted sintering techniques has been growing rapidly in the last 20 years, particularly in applications involving hard to sinter materials, such as nanocrystalline, refractory, and metastable materials. These techniques, in fact, allow obtaining the densification in conditions that are considerably milder than in traditional pressureless sintering or in hot-pressing. Despite this success, there is still a poor understanding of the involved basic mechanisms. In this assessment, all the main aspects associated with the use of these technique will be presented and discussed, with particular emphasis on spark plasma sintering.
The Commercial Trap Fishery in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico: an Economic, Social, and Technological Profile
Authors: Agar J. , Shivlani M. , Solís D.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we describe the socioeconomic conditions of the small-scale trap fishery in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and examine the determinants affecting the technical performance of the fleet. The socioeconomic data used in the analysis were derived from random, in-person interviews with 50 trap fishers, which accounted for about one-third of the active trap fishers. The study found that the fishery is composed of middle-aged, small-scale commodity producers who use traditional, capital-intensive technologies to target Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus and various reef fishes. Fishers reported that fishing made up 74% of their household income. We also explored the factors influencing the technical efficiency of the fleet by using a stochastic production frontier model. The analysis suggested that trap operations could increase their gross revenues per trip by 36%, on average, by using current input levels and technology more efficiently. The fleet exhibited decreasing returns to scale. The study also found that a 10% increase in the number of traps tended would raise gross revenues by 0.9% and that baiting traps would raise gross revenues by 1.4%. The analysis suggested that fishing experience and kinship ties were the key determinants of technical efficiency. We also explored the policy implications stemming from these results.

Received September 22, 2016; accepted April 6, 2017 Published online June 23, 2017
Localization of the CAPRICE-ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 chimera protein in Arabidopsis root epidermis
Authors: Tominaga-Wada Rumi , Kurata Tetsuya , Wada Takuji
Published: June 2017

The CAPRICE (CPC) encodes an R3-type MYB transcription factor, which promotes root-hair differentiation. Previously, we showed that the CPC protein moves from the non-hair cell to the neighboring cell and induces root-hair differentiation in Arabidopsis. In addition, we proposed two cell-to-cell movement signal sequences, S1 and S2, in CPC. However, an S1:2xGFP:S2 chimera protein did not move between root epidermal cells. Here, we show that the S1 and S2 sequences do not confer cell-to-cell movement or nuclear localization ability to a GFP protein. The ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 (ETC1) gene encodes the CPC homolog R3 MYB; this protein does not possess cell-to-cell movement ability or the S1 sequence. To elucidate whether the S1 sequence can induce cell-to-cell movement ability in ETC1, CPCp:S1:ETC1:2xGFP was constructed and introduced into Arabidopsis. Our results indicate that the addition of the S1 sequence was not sufficient for ETC1 to acquire cell-to-cell movement ability.
Subduing the Saintly
Authors: Locke Joseph
Published: June 2017

A culture of anticlericalism confronted politically minded evangelical leaders across Texas and the broader American South. Inside southern churches, an inward-looking evangelical theology looked suspiciously on political meddling. Outside the churches, a popular anticlericalism indicted activist clerics by invoking historical memories of the Dark Ages and Puritan witch hunts. Laws, historical memory, political culture, and precedent all conspired to keep preachers out of politics, particularly around the issue of prohibition. Prohibition went to a statewide vote in Texas in 1887, and politicians such as Senators Richard Coke and Roger Q. Mills used the campaign—which ended in a decisive defeat for prohibition—to humiliate “political preachers” such as Baptist leader Benajah Harvey Carroll.
The Road to the Bible Belt
Authors: Locke Joseph
Published: June 2017

By the turn of the twentieth century, a cohort of clerical activists, plagued by notions of a widespread spiritual crisis, realized that religious authority in public life could be bolstered by the construction of new and powerful denominational bureaucracies, the pursuit of moral reforms such as prohibition, and by tackling head on the widely held anticlerical fears confronting religious activism in public life. Activists such as Methodist minister George C. Rankin would learn, for instance, that reclaiming historical memory—abolishing hostile associations with witch trials and inquisitions–could convince more and more Texans that government could—and should—be run along religious lines. Moral reform was only the most public manifestation of a brewing clerical movement that targeted the popular religious attitudes of everyday southerners to enable the construction of the Bible Belt.
Triumph in the Churches
Authors: Locke Joseph
Published: June 2017

Decades of denominational construction and consolidation transformed Texas religion. Churches grew, ambition flourished, money flowed, and religious colleges and newspapers abounded. Denominational leaders had assembled the raw materials of the Bible Belt, and, at the turn of the twentieth century, labored to awaken within their congregations and their clergy the spirit of political activism. The postwar spiritual crisis still plagued anxious evangelicals, but clerical leaders complained that too many clergymen and too many congregations refused to act. Flush with visions of clerical empowerment and preaching the power of a new prohibition gospel, a clerical insurgency set out to conquer pulpits, congregations, and communities all across Texas.
Medium
Authors: Rascaroli Laura
Published: June 2017

This chapter focuses on the tendency of the essay film to use hybrid materials, to be transmedial, and, indeed, to be nonhierarchical and nonsequential. In this way, it is an expression of the bid to reproduce the nonlinearity of thought and to testify to the crisis of rationality in post-Enlightenment modernity. Shot with special anamorphic lenses that distort and “liquefy” the image, Aleksandr Sokurov’s video Elegiya dorogi (Elegy of a Voyage, 2001), the case study of this chapter, is a hybrid, unstable, fluid text. Its instability and fluidity are so constitutive as to become the core of Sokurov’s reflection on authorship, spectatorship, medium, film, and image, on the one hand; and on ideas of Europe and European identity on the other.
Montage
Authors: Rascaroli Laura
Published: June 2017

Drawing on Gilles Deleuze’s unthought and Georges Didi-Huberman’s concept of “image-lacunae,” this chapter engages with notions of transit and transition and with the interstice as incommensurable gap that advances thought beyond its positions of deadlock. It shows how two essay films on the Holocaust, Harun Farocki’s Aufschub (Respite, 2007) and Arnaud des Pallières’s Drancy Avenir (1997), mobilize a type of montage that highlights gaps and discontinuities. In these films, pauses and interstices (between images, between sequences, between soundtrack and image track) bring about the transit of Benjaminian “true images” from the past to the present.
Framing
Authors: Rascaroli Laura
Published: June 2017

Essay films performatively display the process of thinking; hence, issues of textual and contextual framing are at the center of their practice. To frame is to detach an object from its background and, thus, to carve a gap between object and world. The chapter starts from a discussion of Irina Botea’s Picturesque (2012): an argument centered on the tourist image is predicated on a dual recourse to the frame—first intended as the literal operation of mise en cadre and then as narrative, ideological, and cultural framing. It goes on to show that the specificity of the essay film is to be sought not in its production of objects, but in their arrangement and that this arrangement reflects a fundamental structure of gap. The method of framing as visible search for an object is further explored via two archival essays, Mohammadreza Farzad’s Gom o gour (Into Thin Air, 2010) and Peter Thompson’s Universal Diptych (1982).