bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Teknik Pengambilan Vidio Cinematic dan Proses Editing Menggunakan Filmora Pada Organisasi Pramuka SMAN 14 Medan
Authors: Ramadhani Cahaya , Harahap Baginda , Syahputra Dinur , Singarimbun Roy Nuary , Haqki Bay
Published: July 2024

Teknik pengambilan vidio pada setia projek merupakan yang sangat perlu diperhatikan oleh vidiographer, sehingga akan memberikan kesan yang baik. 5 hal teknik vidio cinematic yaitu continuity, Shot, Angle Shot, Composision, lalu diselesaikan dengan tahapan Penyunting Video. Pada penelitian ini akan membahasa seputar mengenai pembuatan vidi di SMAN 14 Medan dalam kegiatan Pramuka. Untuk metode penelitian ini yaitu pembuatan video cinematic menggunakan aplikasi Filmora diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan minat siswa untuk mengikuti kegiatan organisasi sekaligus dapat meningkatkan keterampilan,cara beretika dengan baik, disiplin, pengetahuan, dan peduli terhadap alam. Desain penelitian tindakan organisasi diawali dengan perencanaan tindakan (planning), tindakan (action), observasi (observe)dan refleksi (reflect). pembuatan Video Cinematic dengan aplikasi Filmora ini dapat diterapkan agar mempermudah dan lebih efisien dalam pembuatan Video Cinematic. Kemudian, adakah peningkatan minat siswa dalam mengikuti organisasi Pramuka. Maka untuk mengetahui hal tersebut, peneliti mengimplementasikan aplikasi pembuatan Video Cinematic dengan masalah yang dihadapi siswa. Aplikasi yang dipakai yaitu aplikasi Filmora Video cinematic adalah medium visual yang menggunakan gambar bergerak untuk menceritakan cerita atau menyampaikan pesan. Biasanya melibatkan penggunaan berbagai elemen seperti sinematografi, skenario, akting, pengarahan, editing, dan suara untuk menciptakan pengalaman sinematik yang lengkap.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Pasien Rawat Jalan Berbasis Cloud
Authors: Salim Ruslan Agus , Jayadie Ahmad , Tahir Tamus Bin
Published: July 2024

Puskesmas merupakan instansi pelayanan utama untuk masyarakat Indonesia, tempat pendaftaran pasien rawat jalan (TPPRJ) menjadi pintu masuk untuk pasien agar mendapatkan pelayanan di poliklinik. Kejadian yang sering kali di temukan di beberapa tempat pelayanan Kesehatan khususnya puskesmas masih umum menggunakan cara manual seperti pasien datang mengambil nomor antrian di mesin antrian lalu menunggu untuk di panggil di TPPRJ. Lama waktu tunggu pasien di TPPRJ bervariatif tergantung dari cepat atau lambatnya pasien sebelumnya menyelesaikan proses registrasi dan pendaftaran. Kerana banyaknya jumlah pasien yang datang dipuskesmas  khususnya di pagi hari maka sering terjadi penumpukan pasien dan pengantar pasien  di ruangan pendaftaran pasien rawat jalan  sehingga mengakibatkan suasana di TPPRJ jadi kurang kondusif. System informasi berbasis cloud merupakan system informasi yang tidak memerlukan computer dan media penyimpanan internal melainkan semua perangkat di simpan di tempat penyedia layanan cloud. Keutamaan layanan cloud ini tetrhadap system informasi yang gunakan yaitu system informasi akan lebih mudah diakses. Penerapan system informasi rawat jalan berbasis cloud di maksudkan untuk mengurangi jumlah pasien di ruang tunggu TPPRJ karena pasien yang akan berobat telah melakukan registrasi sehingga mengetahui jam kedatangan di TPPRJ sehingga tidak perlu lagi ambil nomor antrian dan menunggu untuk di panggil di TPPRJ.
Implementation of Decision Support System for New Employee Selection at PT Triotech Solution Indonesia using SAW Method
Authors: Ginting Subhan Hafiz Nanda , Sridewi Nurmala
Published: July 2024

The new employee selection process is one of the important activities in human resource management at PT Triotech Solution Indonesia. The selection of the right candidate determines the quality and performance of the company in the future. This research aims to develop and implement a Decision Support System (SPK) that can assist in the selection process of new employees using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The SAW method was chosen because it is able to integrate various assessment criteria by giving appropriate weights to each criterion, resulting in a final ranking of candidates that best suits the company's needs. The system is built by collecting candidate data, which includes criteria such as education, work experience, technical skills, and soft skills. The weight for each criterion is determined based on the priorities set by the company management. After that, the SAW method is applied to calculate the total score of each candidate, which is then used to determine the priority order of the best candidates.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan CV. Favorite Abadi Sejahtera
Authors: Komariah Sarah , Kristanto Yudi Kristanto , Taryanto Taryanto
Published: July 2024

Keterlibatan semua karyawan menciptakan kerberhasilan dalam suatu perusahaan berfokus mencapai keunggulan dengan memenuhi keperluan serta keinginan karyawan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan CV. Favorite Abadi Sejahtera. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode desktiftif kuantitatif, dengan menerapkan penelitian survey menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel yang diambil terdiri dari 50 Responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Koefisien korelasi, Koefisien determinasi, uji t, regresi, dan uji f dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 20.
     Hasil perhitungan statistik diperoleh koefisien korelasi sebesar r = 0,596 dan koefisien determinasi sebesar R = r2 = 0,355. hasil perhitungan untuk menyusun model persamaan regresi antara Lingkungan Kerja (X) dengan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan (Y) diperoleh konstanta α = 33,22 dan koefisien regresi β = 0,558. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model persamaan regresi signifikan. Hasil uji linearitas diperoleh Fhitung (1,986) < Ftabel (1,990) pada a = 0,05. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa persamaan regresi berbentuk linear.
Thomas Hobbes'un On Dokuz Doğa Yasasının Hukuk Devleti İlkesi Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Baler Hasibe
Published: July 2024

Tarih boyunca devletin kökenine ilişkin muhtelif kuramlar geliştirilmiştir. Bu kuramlardan birisi de toplum sözleşmesi kuramıdır. Toplum sözleşmesi kuramcıları arasında akla ilk gelen isimlerden biri ünlü İngiliz düşünür Thomas Hobbes’tur. Hobbes’un siyaset felsefesinde doğa durumu kavramı önemli bir yer tutar. Doğa durumunu, insanların sürekli korku içinde yaşadıkları güvensiz bir ortam olarak tasvir eder. Leviathan adlı ünlü eserinde doğa durumundan siyasal topluma geçişin niçin gerekli olduğu üzerinde durur ve bu geçişin hangi araçlarla sağlanacağının bir reçetesini sunar. Hobbes, bu geçişin değişmez ve ebedi on dokuz doğa yasasıyla mümkün olacağını belirtir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle Hobbes’un siyaset felsefesi hakkında kısaca bilgi verilecek ve doğal hak ve doğal hukuk kavramını nasıl ele aldığı üzerinde durulacaktır. Ardından doğa durumundan siyasal topluma geçişte kullanılan on dokuz doğa yasasının neler olduğundan bahsedilecek ve doğal hak ile doğa yasalarının farkına değinilecektir. Son kısımda ise günümüz modern ve uygar toplumlarının vazgeçilmez ilkelerinden biri olarak kabul edilen hukuk devleti ilkesinden ve asgari koşullarından kısaca bahsedilecek; Hobbes’un barışçıl ve güvenilir bir toplumun inşası için gerekli gördüğü doğa yasaları, hukuk devleti ilkesi bağlamında ele alınacaktır. Bu doğrultuda insanlar arasında adil, eşitlikçi, barışçıl, güvenilir bir toplum inşa etme gayesi taşıyan hukuk devleti ilkesinin, tamamen olmasa da benzer amaçlara hizmet ettiği Hobbes’un doğa yasaları ile ne ölçüde örtüştüğü açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.
Caso incomum de cisto ósseo causado por Histoplasma capsulatum em gato: Relato de caso
Authors: Antonio Isabela Maria da Silva , Figueiredo Anna Barreto Fernandes , Figueiredo Bruno Fiore de Castro , Silva Ricardo Siqueira da , Viana Paula Gonçalves , Gremião Isabella Dib Ferreira , Pereira Sandro Antonio
Published: July 2024

Histoplasma capsulatum é um fungo dimórfico presente no solo e agente causador da histoplasmose em humanos e animais, incluindo gatos. Essa doença tem grande importância devido ao seu potencial de causar infecção grave e disseminada. Apresenta alta prevalência nas Américas, com surtos humanos relatados no Brasil desde a década de 1940, a maioria relacionados à exploração de cavernas. Nos gatos, a cavidade nasal é a área mais afetada, e a presença de sinais clínicos associados a infecção do trato respiratório superior, como espirros, dispneia e tosse, é frequente. A disseminação do fungo pode ocorrer por contiguidade aos tecidos subjacentes ou por meio da via hematogênica para qualquer órgão, inclusive a pele. Este trabalho objetivou relatar o caso clínico de um gato atendido no Rio de Janeiro com edema em membro anterior direito e claudicação persistente por cinco meses. Foi realizado exame radiográfico do membro acometido. Foram obtidos três fragmentos ósseos por biópsia para cultura bacteriana e fúngica, além de avaliação histopatológica. O exame radiológico do membro acometido evidenciou uma estrutura cística na epífise distal ulnar (cisto ósseo). Não houve crescimento bacteriano na cultura bacteriológica. Histoplasma capsulatum foi isolado em cultura e o exame histopatológico revelou intenso infiltrado inflamatório composto de neutrófilos e macrófagos compatível com processo piogranulomatoso. Portanto, este é o primeiro relato de histoplasmose felina com manifestação de cisto ósseo.
Protocolo para uso de antibiótico terapia profilática em condutas odontológicas, uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Lobo Sergio , Lobo Sophia Bastos
Published: July 2024

Antibiótico terapia profilática é a prática de uso de antibióticos previamente a realização de procedimentos odontológicos, os quais podem causar infecção a nível sistêmico por propiciar uma condição denominada bacteremia. Visando esse objetivo, a administração prévia de antibióticos baseia-se em doses de alta concentração nos tecidos no momento de condutas que possam causar uma infecção nos chamados pacientes suscetíveis. O principal objetivo é a prevenção da endocardite bacteriana. Os pacientes indicados a profilaxia são: portadores de próteses valvares, endocardite bacteriana prévia, cardiopatia congênita cianótica, disfunção valvular, prolapso da valva mitral, cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, febre reumática com disfunção valvular, transplantados e portadores de próteses ortopédicas recentes (um ano). O objetivo desta revisão é contribuir com a classe odontológica no que diz respeito aos pontos chaves para se realizar a antibiótico terapia profilática de maneira lucida e eficaz, sem banaliza-la.
NEW MEDIA AS A MEANS OF SPREADING ETHNOCENTRISM IN THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN CONTEXT
Authors: ŠTVRTECKÁ LENKA , MIERKOVÁ DÓRA , KRAUTER MICHAL
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with the presentation of the media system as not only a platform enabling mass social interaction but also spreading hate-speech regarding promoting the superiority of one's group (such as ethnicity, nationality, values or other). The article focuses on the topic of spreading ethnic stereotypes (e.g. those related to Jewish ethnicity). Attention is also focused on the issue of the credibility of such media content and its creators. The authors use a theoretical base to clarify several innovative possibilities brought not only technologically, but also culturally reformed “new digital age”, the so-called Web 2.0, or Web 3.0. in Central European context.
CAR ACCIDENTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND LIGHT AS A CONTRIBUTORY FACTOR
Authors: ŘEZNÍČEK TOMÁŠ , SLOUP VOJTĚCH
Published: July 2024

Ensuring road safety and preventing car accidents are vital concerns for public health and safety. Despite advancements in vehicle technology and traffic management, the number of road accidents remains alarmingly high, leading to significant loss of life and injuries. The study aims to assess the relationship between causes and types of car accidents depending on lighting conditions when an accident happens. The quantitative content analysis of the car accidents recorded by the POLICE between October 2022 and October 2023 provided relevant data, processed by cluster analysis and illustrated via a heat map. Road safety and preventing car accidents have always been a public priority. The authors analysed crucial aspects of traffic safety and alarming numbers of casualties, including 440 deaths, 1,466 badly and 18,389 slightly injured people. The most common types of accidents involved head-on collisions with solid obstacles and ongoing non-rail vehicles. Careless drivers were the main provokers of the tragic events over the monitored period. Looking at the time of accidents, we can see interesting parallels in their causes, irrespective of the day or nighttime. Our recommendations included raising drivers’ awareness and police imposing preventative measures against the common causes of accidents. The study did not consider other factors behind traffic collisions.
Complexity in the diagnosis of endocrine ophthalmopathy with a carotid-cavernous fistula. A clinical case
Authors: Tsyplina E. Yu. , Pochechueva A. A. , Yanchenko T. V. , Basova G. G.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Clinical cases featuring a combination of endocrine ophthalmopathy with a carotid-cavernous fistula are scarce, with only four cases documented in the literature, thus posing a diagnostic challenge due to overlapping clinical symptoms. A carotid-cavernous fistula with high blood flow typically presents a clear clinical picture. However, low-flow variants are challenging to timely diagnose. A history of head trauma can be an essential diagnostic clue, as carotid-cavernous anastomosis develops in 75% of cases post-trauma and in 25% spontaneously. Bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulas are particularly rare.

Purpose: to present the clinical features and outcomes of bilateral endocrine ophthalmopathy associated with a non-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula, based on the prospective observation of a patient treated in various city healthcare hospitals during 2021–2022.

Case description. The patient first visited the ophthalmologist in October 2021, presenting with bilateral exophthalmos, edema, and eye redness. A positive test for antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone and enlargement of the eye muscles, confirmed by orbital ultrasound, led to a diagnosis of “Endocrine Ophthalmopathy”. The patient’s condition was managed jointly by an endocrinologist and an ophthalmologist. Over two months, a worsening of ocular symptoms was observed, prompting a neurosurgical consultation. Cerebral angiography conducted in a hospital setting confirmed a carotid-cavernous fistula. An endovascular procedure was performed five months after the initial ocular symptoms appeared to separate the carotid-cavernous anastomosis on the right using a non-adhesive composition. Ocular symptoms resolved within 2–3 weeks post-surgery.

Conclusions. Clinical manifestations of carotid-cavernous fistulas can resemble those of endocrine ophthalmopathy. The absence of a traumatic head injury history, complaints of unilateral head noise synchronous with the pulse, and the bilateral nature of the symptoms complicated the diagnosis of this neurosurgical pathology in a patient with endocrine ophthalmopathy. It is crucial to include both conditions in the differential diagnosis and to employ a multidisciplinary approach for effective management.
Refraction dynamics in schoolchildren with congenital partial atrophy of the optic nerve over a ten-year observation period
Authors: Laver A. B. , Rychkova S. I. , Kurysheva N. I.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Optic nerve atrophy is a degenerative condition and a prevalent cause of visual impairment, including in children. Data on refractogenesis in schoolchildren with partial atrophy of the optic nerve (PAON) are scarce, with existing literature focusing primarily on the correction of low vision associated with this disorder. Purpose: to assess the refraction dynamics in schoolchildren with congenital PAON over a ten-year observation period.

Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of refraction changes over a decade among three groups: 1) 47 schoolchildren with PAON, 2) 49 schoolchildren with ametropia without PAON, and 3) 49 schoolchildren without any ophthalmopathology.

Results. All groups exhibited a trend towards myopization (р < 0.001). In groups with myopic and emmetropic refractions (without ophthalmopathology at the start), either the emergence or an increase in myopic refraction was noted. In hypermetropic children, a gradual decrease towards emmetropic refraction or a shift to myopic refraction was observed. For myopic schoolchildren using contact lenses and perifocal glasses from the ages of 11–13, myopia progression stabilized, particularly with perifocal optical correction (р < 0.01). Despite refractive changes during the school years, regular courses of functional treatment and accommodation training led to a slight improvement in visual acuity in PAON patients (by an average of 0.05 ± 0.01 (p = 0.001) in myopes and 0.06 ± 0.01 (р < 0.001) in hypermetropes) and a significant increase in visual acuity in children with normal fundus ametropia (by an average of 0.14 ± 0.02 (р < 0.001) in myopes and 0.18 ± 0.02 (р < 0.001) in hypermetropes).

Conclusion. The ten-year observation demonstrates a myopization trend in all groups of schoolchildren, which holds particular relevance for those with PAON due to their inherently lower visual acuity. An optimal optical correction strategy, employing modern myopia control measures in tandem with regular functional treatment and accommodation training, is essential for a health-preserving educational approach in schoolchildren with PAON.
We need to talk—how muscle stem cells communicate
Authors: Majchrzak Karolina , Hentschel Erik , Hönzke Katja , Geithe Christiane , von Maltzahn Julia
Published: July 2024

Skeletal muscle is one of the tissues with the highest ability to regenerate, a finely controlled process which is critically depending on muscle stem cells. Muscle stem cell functionality depends on intrinsic signaling pathways and interaction with their immediate niche. Upon injury quiescent muscle stem cells get activated, proliferate and fuse to form new myofibers, a process involving the interaction of multiple cell types in regenerating skeletal muscle. Receptors in muscle stem cells receive the respective signals through direct cell-cell interaction, signaling via secreted factors or cell-matrix interactions thereby regulating responses of muscle stem cells to external stimuli. Here, we discuss how muscle stem cells interact with their immediate niche focusing on how this controls their quiescence, activation and self-renewal and how these processes are altered in age and disease.
Intermediate filaments spatially organize intracellular nanostructures to produce the bright structural blue of ribbontail stingrays across ontogeny
Authors: Blumer Michael J. , Surapaneni Venkata A. , Ciecierska-Holmes Jana , Redl Stefan , Pechriggl Elisabeth J. , Mollen Frederik H. , Dean Mason N.
Published: July 2024

In animals, pigments but also nanostructures determine skin coloration, and many shades are produced by combining both mechanisms. Recently, we discovered a new mechanism for blue coloration in the ribbontail stingray Taeniura lymma, a species with electric blue spots on its yellow-brown skin. Here, we characterize finescale differences in cell composition and architecture distinguishing blue from non-blue regions, the first description of elasmobranch chromatophores and the nanostructures responsible for the stingray’s novel structural blue, contrasting with other known mechanisms for making nature’s rarest color. In blue regions, the upper dermis comprised a layer of chromatophore units —iridophores and melanophores entwined in compact clusters framed by collagen bundles— this structural stability perhaps the root of the skin color’s robustness. Stingray iridophores were notably different from other vertebrate light-reflecting cells in having numerous fingerlike processes, which surrounded nearby melanophores like fists clenching a black stone. Iridophores contained spherical iridosomes enclosing guanine nanocrystals, suspended in a 3D quasi-order, linked by a cytoskeleton of intermediate filaments. We argue that intermediate filaments form a structural scaffold with a distinct optical role, providing the iridosome spacing critical to produce the blue color. In contrast, black-pigmented melanosomes within melanophores showed space-efficient packing, consistent with their hypothesized role as broadband-absorbers for enhancing blue color saturation. The chromatophore layer’s ultrastructure was similar in juvenile and adult animals, indicating that skin color and perhaps its ecological role are likely consistent through ontogeny. In non-blue areas, iridophores were replaced by pale cells, resembling iridophores in some morphological and nanoscale features, but lacking guanine crystals, suggesting that the cell types arise from a common progenitor cell. The particular cellular associations and structural interactions we demonstrate in stingray skin suggest that pigment cells induce differentiation in the progenitor cells of iridophores, and that some features driving color production may be shared with bony fishes, although the lineages diverged hundreds of millions of years ago and the iridophores themselves differ drastically.
A switch and a failsafe: KatG’s mechanism for preservation of catalase activity using a conformationally dynamic Arg and an active-site Trp
Authors: Xu Hui , Kenneson Jessica R. , Minton Laura E. , Goodwin Douglas C.
Published: July 2024

Many novel structural features impart a robust catalase activity to KatG that is absent from all other members of its superfamily. The conformationally dynamic “Arg switch” and oxidizable “proximal Trp” have both figured prominently in investigations of KatG structure and mechanism, but the full scope of their contributions to catalysis remains unclear. The switch (R418) appears to regulate active-site intramolecular electron transfer. The proximal Trp (W321) is a conspicuous site of radical formation, but W321•+ does not appear to participate directly in the KatG catalase cycle. To explore the extent to which these residues may cooperate in KatG’s catalase activity, we generated R418N and W321F/R418N KatG and compared their catalytic and spectroscopic properties to wt KatG. R418N KatG showed pH-independent susceptibility to H2O2-based inactivation, whereas wt KatG only showed this response under conditions where the Arg switch would be oriented away from the active site (i.e., low pH). Peroxidatic electron donors (PxEDs) prevented inactivation of wt and R418N KatG regardless of pH; however, protection of R418N KatG activity by this mechanism produced at least ten-fold greater extents of PxED oxidation. Elimination of the proximal Trp in addition to the Arg switch (i.e., W321F/R418N KatG) resulted in a near complete inability to sustain H2O2 degradation. Remarkably, W321F KatG showed resistance to H2O2-dependent inactivation indistinguishable from wt at pH 7 (i.e., when the Arg switch is oriented toward the active site) but sensitivity to H2O2-dependent inactivation indistinguishable from W321F/R418N KatG at pH 5 (i.e., when the Arg switch is oriented away from the active site). These data suggest loss of the Arg switch (either by mutagenesis or conformationally due to environmental pH) results in a KatG that is substantially compromised in the sustained degradation of H2O2. This can be overcome provided that KatG retains its ability to utilize the proximal Trp as a site of protein-based oxidation and has a PxED available to repair protein oxidation events. However, if both the Arg switch and the proximal Trp are absent, rapid H2O2-dependent inactivation is observed, and PxEDs are unable to effectively intervene to preserve KatG’s catalase activity.
Near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis as effective, fast, and cost-effective methods to discriminate Candida auris from Candida haemulonii
Authors: Nascimento Ayrton L. F. , de Medeiros Anthony G. J. , Neves Ana C. O. , de Macedo Ana B. N. , Rossato Luana , Assis Santos Daniel , dos Santos André L. S. , Lima Kássio M. G. , Bastos Rafael W.
Published: July 2024

Candida auris and Candida haemulonii are two emerging opportunistic pathogens that have caused an increase in clinical cases in the recent years worldwide. The differentiation of some Candida species is highly laborious, difficult, costly, and time-consuming depending on the similarity between the species. Thus, this study aimed to develop a new, faster, and less expensive methodology for differentiating between C. auris and C. haemulonii based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. C. auris CBS10913 and C. haemulonii CH02 were separated in 15 plates per species, and three isolated colonies of each plate were selected for Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) analysis, totaling 90 spectra. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) and variable selection algorithms, including the successive projections algorithm (SPA) and genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were employed to discern distinctive patterns among the samples. The use of PCA, SPA, and GA algorithms associated with LDA achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity for the discriminations. The SPA-LDA and GA-LDA algorithms were essential in selecting the variables (infrared wavelengths) of most importance for the models, which could be attributed to binding of cell wall structures such as polysaccharides, peptides, proteins, or molecules resulting from yeasts’ metabolism. These results show the high potential of combined FT-NIR and multivariate analysis techniques for the classification of Candida-like fungi, which can contribute to faster and more effective diagnosis and treatment of patients affected by these microorganisms.
Adherence to the 2018 AHA cholesterol management guideline in hyperlipidemia treatment among adults in an outpatient setting
Authors: Behdani Bahere , Kazemi Toba , Zardast Mahmood , Khosravi Bizhaem Saeede , Jafari Shima
Published: July 2024

Background

Although evidence-based guidelines and effective treatments exist for dyslipidemia, a significant disparity remains between guidelines and clinical practice. In this study, we investigated adherence to statin therapy per the 2018 ACC/AHA Guideline recommendations.

Methods

This is a retrospective, descriptive-analytical study involving 1,224 individuals who presented to the laboratories located in Birjand, Eastern Iran, from June 2022 to March 2023. Analyses were conducted on 700 patients. Data collection utilized a checklist and serum value measurements of laboratory factors deemed necessary for the study.

Results

Treatment was administered per the guidelines for 348 out of the 700 patients (49.7%). With 60.7%, the diabetes group exhibited the highest level of adherence to guidelines. In the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) group, 31.7% followed the recommendations. The lowest adherence rates were in groups with a 10-year ASCVD risk score of ≥20% and severe hypercholesterolemia, respectively (0% and 2.8%). In our study, atorvastatin was the most frequently prescribed statin, with the majority of patients consuming a moderate-intensity statin. None of the severely hypercholesterolemic patients achieved the LDL goal. Moreover, LDL-C goal achievement was low among the ASCVD group and those with an ASCVD risk score of ≥20%.

Conclusion

Patients with hypercholesterolemia adhere inadequately to the AHA Guideline. Consequently, training courses are needed to inform medical doctors, particularly general practitioners, of the latest dyslipidemia treatment recommendations as the AHA advises.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using multiple combination weighting determination: a case study of collector roads in Pingshan County, Hebei Province, China
Authors: Li Hui , Song Kun , Zhai Xing , Liang Mingjia
Published: July 2024

The landslide susceptibility map estimates the quantitative relationship between known landslides and control factors, and it has been used for site selection of infrastructures and geo-disaster management. As landslides and rockfalls occur frequently in mountainous areas in Hebei Province, China, due to road construction, the managing government needs to evaluate the vulnerability of geo-disasters in the road slopes to avoid unfavorable site selection for subsequent road constructions. Some typical collector road slopes were used as the study area in Pingshan County, Hebei Province. By analyzing the landslide triggering factors, we determined classification criteria and proposed a comprehensive method for determining the weighting. The respective weighting was calculated by the AHP and CRITIC method, and the combination weighting was determined by the game theory method. The landslide susceptibility of collector roads was evaluated and mapped using the ArcGIS platform. The susceptibility map was validated using landslide field investigation. The validation results show the effectiveness of the susceptibility methods, given the good number of correctly classified landslides. The landslide susceptibility map could have a significant impact on reducing the vulnerability of infrastructure to landslides in Hebei Province, China.
Spatial heterogeneity in nutrient utilization during the end-Devonian ocean anoxic event: a case study of the Western Canada sedimentary basin
Authors: Dhar Sanjukta , Frucci Mason N. , Atchley Stacy C. , Fulton James M.
Published: July 2024

The Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C; 359 Ma) boundary is marked by widespread deposition of organic-matter-rich black shales associated with the Hangenberg mass extinction event. The Exshaw Formation spans the D-C boundary in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) and includes the basal Exshaw Shale deposited under broadly anoxic waters. The sediments at the base of the Exshaw Shale were deposited synchronously during a transgressive event across the WCSB, spanning the geographic variability of the basin. The variable Corg content of the shale was affected by local nutrient upwelling and paleotectonic features impacting water depth and circulation. To characterize the link between paleogeography and nutrient cycling, geographic (N = 20 locations) and stratigraphic (N = 6 locations) trends of δ13Corg and δ15Nbulk were examined throughout the WCSB, representing a range of depositional settings. The δ15Nbulk values range between 0.0 and 6.3‰ and δ13Corg from −29.5 to −26.8‰. Phytoplankton production in focused upwelling zones acquired a relatively 15N-depleted signature through isotopic fractionation during nutrient assimilation, and the residual nutrient pool was 15N-enriched. The advection of surface waters away from the location of upwelling supported additional phytoplankton growth and the deposition of sediments with higher δ15N values. The stratigraphic sections include black laminated and burrowed mudrock sequences that record changes in paleoredox conditions, water depth, and tectonism over time. Up-core from the base of the Exshaw, the Corg content decreases and simultaneously δ15Nbulk increases, suggesting a decrease in eutrophic conditions. Variable δ13Corg and δ15Nbulk trends demonstrate that there is no “type” isotopic profile spanning the D-C boundary in the WCSB.
A latent class analysis on students' beliefs about teachers' practices enhancing their well-being
Authors: Gaitas Sérgio , Silva José Castro , Poças António
Published: July 2024

Student well-being and student voice are two interrelated concepts that can play a critical role in education. While Student well-being refers to the overall state of students' physical, mental, and emotional health, student voice represents the active involvement and participation of students in shaping their own educational experiences. Notwithstanding the intimate association, there is a limited body of research that explores how students' distinct perceptions of teachers' practices that promote their well-being influence students' actual well-being levels. To address this research gap, a study was conducted involving 486 students. The participants, with an average age of 13.5 years, completed a questionnaire. Among the participants, 51.1% identified as female, and 13.6% had experienced academic retention. The latent class results classified the 7–9 grade student's beliefs about teacher's practices into “few times,” sometimes' and “often.” The model fitting results were as follows: Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was 2,555.904, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was 2,610.244, Adjusted Bayesian Information Criterion (aBIC) was 2,568.983, and Entropy was 0.802. Compared with the “few times” and “sometimes” class, the “often” class was more prevalent in 8th grade (p = 0.05) and among male students (p = 0.04). Findings show that class membership is a predictor of student well-being (interpersonal, life satisfaction and perceived competence). Students who feel that their teachers are attentive, supportive, and address their needs more frequently are more likely to experience enhanced well-being.
Assessing causal relationships between gut microbiota and abortion: evidence from two sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Yao Hang , Chen Jiahao , Wang Yu , Li Yuxin , Jiang Qingling
Published: July 2024

Background

While some studies have suggested a link between gut microbiota (GM) and abortion, the causal relationship remains unclear.

Methods

To explore the causal relationship between GM and abortion, including spontaneous abortion (SA) and habitual abortion (HA), we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We used summary statistics data from MiBioGen and FinnGen for genome-wide association studies (GWAS), with GM data as the exposure variable and abortion data as the outcome variable.

Results

In the absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method identified five genetically predicted GM genera linked to the risk of abortions. Lactococcus was negatively correlated with the risk of SA, whereas the Eubacterium fissicatena group was positively correlated with the risk of SA. Genetic predictions of Coprococcus3 and Odoribacter were linked to a reduced risk of HA, while the Eubacterium ruminantium group was associated with an increased risk of HA.

Conclusion

Our study suggests a genetic causal relationship between specific GM and two types of abortions, improving our understanding of the pathological relationship between GM and abortion.
Test-takers’ perspectives on consumer genetic testing for hereditary cancer risk
Authors: Kilbride Madison K. , Kessler Lisa Jay , Cronier Brigitte , Park Jacqueline J. , Cacioppo Cara N. , Beem Jordyn , Bradbury Angela R.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

With few exceptions, research on consumer genetic testing for hereditary cancer risk has focused on tests with limited predictive value and clinical utility. Our study advances the existing literature by exploring the experiences and behaviors of individuals who have taken modern consumer genetic tests for cancer susceptibility that, unlike earlier tests, screen for medically significant variants.

Methods

We interviewed 30 individuals who had undergone consumer genetic testing for hereditary cancer risk between 2014 and 2019. We explored participants’ pre-test sentiments (7 items), experiences receiving results (5 items), behavioral and health-related changes (6 items), and attitudes and beliefs (3 items). Data were analyzed for thematic content.

Results

Most participants reported a personal (n = 6) and/or family history (n = 24) of cancer, which influenced their choice to pursue testing. Before testing, most participants did not consult with a physician (n = 25) or receive genetic counseling (n = 23). Nevertheless, the majority felt that they understood test-related information (n = 20) and their results (n = 20), though a considerable number reported experiencing negative emotions related to their results. Most also shared their results with family members (n = 27). Overall, participants’ attitudes towards consumer genetic testing for cancer risk were predominantly positive (n = 23).

Conclusion

This study offers new insights into how individuals use and perceive modern consumer genetic tests for hereditary cancer risk, focusing on their perceptions of the risks, benefits, and limitations of these services. Understanding test-takers’ perspectives can potentially inform improvements aimed at ensuring that tests meet users’ needs and deliver clinically valuable genetic risk assessments.
GIHP: Graph convolutional neural network based interpretable pan-specific HLA-peptide binding affinity prediction
Authors: Su Lingtao , Yan Yan , Ma Bo , Zhao Shiwei , Cui Zhenyu
Published: July 2024

Accurately predicting the binding affinities between Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules and peptides is a crucial step in understanding the adaptive immune response. This knowledge can have important implications for the development of effective vaccines and the design of targeted immunotherapies. Existing sequence-based methods are insufficient to capture the structure information. Besides, the current methods lack model interpretability, which hinder revealing the key binding amino acids between the two molecules. To address these limitations, we proposed an interpretable graph convolutional neural network (GCNN) based prediction method named GIHP. Considering the size differences between HLA and short peptides, GIHP represent HLA structure as amino acid-level graph while represent peptide SMILE string as atom-level graph. For interpretation, we design a novel visual explanation method, gradient weighted activation mapping (Grad-WAM), for identifying key binding residues. GIHP achieved better prediction accuracy than state-of-the-art methods across various datasets. According to current research findings, key HLA-peptide binding residues mutations directly impact immunotherapy efficacy. Therefore, we verified those highlighted key residues to see whether they can significantly distinguish immunotherapy patient groups. We have verified that the identified functional residues can successfully separate patient survival groups across breast, bladder, and pan-cancer datasets. Results demonstrate that GIHP improves the accuracy and interpretation capabilities of HLA-peptide prediction, and the findings of this study can be used to guide personalized cancer immunotherapy treatment. Codes and datasets are publicly accessible at: https://github.com/sdustSu/GIHP.
Parental willingness to vaccinate their daughters against human papilloma virus and its associated factors in Woldia town, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Bittew Sisay Melese , Masresha Seteamlak Adane , Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Yimam Mohammed Ahmed , Zimamu Abiot Alebel , Abriham Atnaf Alem , Kidie Atitegeb Abera
Published: July 2024

Background

The cells of the cervical epithelial wall are the source of the malignant tumor caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) known as cervical cancer. In 2018, Ethiopia implemented the HPV vaccine specifically targeting girls aged 9–14 years. This vaccination initiative serves as an effective preventive measure against cervical cancer, provided that parents express a positive inclination to have their daughters vaccinated as part of the program.

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess parental willingness to vaccinate their daughters against human papillomavirus and its associated factors in Woldia town, Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 414 parents of daughters aged 9–14 years between 10 and 25 January 2023. Respondents were selected by a systematic sampling method and a face-to-face interview was conducted to collect data. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Multivariable analyses were used to examine the association between dependent and independent variables. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-value <0.05 were used to determine statistical significance.

Results

A total of 410 study participants with a response rate of 99% were included in the study, and approximately 72.9% (95% CI: 68.3–77.2) of them were willing to vaccinate their daughters. This study found that parents with a family history of cervical cancer screening (AOR = 3.27, 95%; CI = 1.38–7.74), secondary and above educational status (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.29–5.73), good knowledge of the human papilloma virus vaccination (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.70–5.28), and favorable attitude toward the human papilloma virus vaccine (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI = 2.45–7.88) were significantly associated with parental willingness to vaccinate their daughters against human papilloma virus.

Recommendation

In this study, most parents were willing to vaccinate their daughters against human papilloma virus. The significant determinants of parental willingness to their daughter's human papilloma virus vaccination were family history of cervical cancer screening, level of education, and knowledge and attitude toward the human papilloma virus vaccine. Therefore, health information regarding the human papillomavirus vaccination with an emphasis on raising community awareness should be designed.
Causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and risk of biliary tract cancer: evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Hu YaLan , Wang Kui , Chen Yuhua , Jin Yongli , Guo Qiang , Tang Hui
Published: July 2024

Background

Biliary tract cancer stands as a prevalent illness, posing significant risks to human health, where immune cells are pivotal in both its development and recovery processes. Due to the diverse functionalities exhibited by different immune cell phenotypes within the organism, and the relatively limited research on their relationship with biliary tract cancer, this study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore their potential association, thereby aiding in a better understanding of the causal link between immune cell phenotypes and biliary tract cancer.

Methods

In this study, the causative association of 731 immunophenotype with biliary tract cancer was established using publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) genetic data through two-sample MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses assess horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity of the study findings.

Results

Among the 731 immunophenotypes examined, a total of 26 immune cell phenotypes were found to exhibit positive results, indicating a significant association with the risk of biliary tract cancer. We confirmed that among these 26 types of immune cells, there are primarily 13 types of B cells; three types of classical dendritic cells (CDCs), including CD80 on myeloid DC, HLA DR on myeloid DC, and Myeloid DC %DC; one type of mature stage T cell,CD4RA on TD CD4+; six types of regulatory T cells; and three types of myeloid cells.
Metabolomics analysis of splenectomy of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reveals the spleen involved in regulating liver lipids and amino acids metabolism
Authors: Tao Yixi , Du Chunying , Jiang Shanwen , Zhang Siling , Feng Jingyun , Miao Xiaomin , Xu Hao , Li Yun
Published: July 2024

The liver is essential for nutritional balance in fish, and liver damage in farmed fish often arises from factors like overfeeding, causing various health issues. Clinical observations indicate that liver diseases frequently involve spleen dysfunction, and there is evidence to suggest that the spleen has a significant impact on liver function. However, there has been no discussion on the role of the spleen in maintaining liver health in fish. To understand the role of fish spleen in liver metabolism, this study selected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as the experimental material and first established a tilapia splenectomy model. Various biochemical parameters of the liver and serum were measured, and the liver metabolism characteristics of the splenectomy group (SP group) and the sham operation group (SO group) were analyzed using metabolomics. After splenectomy, biochemical parameters of the liver and serum showed abnormalities, including significant increases in total cholesterol (T-CHO) and serum total bile acid (TBA) levels, alongside a significant decrease in liver TBA levels, suggesting impaired metabolic function and cholesterol deposition in the liver. Metabolomics analysis showed that metabolites such as lipids, lipid-like molecules, and organic acids and derivatives were differentially regulated between the SO and SP group. KEGG analysis showed that differential metabolites were enriched in lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The metabolic pathway analysis of differential metabolites showed that after splenectomy, the low-activity urea cycle in the liver may accelerate lipid synthesis, while low concentrations of aromatic amino acids and taurine may inhibit lipid catabolism. These results indicate that after splenectomy, the liver metabolic capacity is impaired, which causes abnormal lipid metabolism by interfering with amino acid metabolism, making splenectomy tilapia liver at risk of liver disease, including cholesterol deposition, hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our results show that the spleen is involved in regulating liver lipid and amino acid metabolism, and the spleen may interfere with lipid metabolism by regulating liver amino acid metabolism. Our data can provide support for further research on liver and spleen functions and the immune-nutrient metabolism mechanisms in fish, as well as new ideas for healthy fish farming.
Comprehensive considerations for dermatologists: the application of FDG-PET in evaluating cutaneous lesions in pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Talasila Sahithi , Teichner Eric M. , Subtirelu Robert C. , Talasila Naga Chaitanya P. , Mannam Sricharvi , Werner Thomas , Alavi Abass , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth
Published: July 2024

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a complex disorder characterized by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, primarily affecting children and adolescents. This condition exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Cutaneous manifestations of LCH are significant, mimicking common dermatoses and posing diagnostic challenges. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) has emerged as an important tool in the evaluation of pediatric LCH, offering insights into disease activity, extent, and therapeutic response. Moreover, FDG-PET provides a non-invasive means to distinguish between active LCH skin lesions and other dermatological conditions with similar clinical appearances, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and aiding in disease monitoring. This educational review summarizes the utility of nuclear imaging techniques, with a focus on PET scans, in the diagnosis and management of cutaneous pediatric LCH. A comprehensive literature search identified seven relevant articles, including retrospective studies and case reports. These studies highlight the efficacy of FDG-PET in localizing active LCH skin lesions, monitoring disease activity, and guiding treatment decisions. FDG-PET represents a valuable imaging modality for dermatologists, oncologists, and pediatricians managing pediatric LCH patients with cutaneous involvement. This non-invasive technique contributes to improved diagnostic accuracy and facilitates early intervention, ultimately enhancing patient care and outcomes.