bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ScAnalyzer: an image processing tool to monitor plant disease symptoms and pathogen spread in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves
Authors: Paauw Misha , Hardeman Gerrit , Taks Nanne W. , Lambalk Lennart , Berg Jeroen A. , Pfeilmeier Sebastian , van den Burg Harrold A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Plants are known to be infected by a wide range of pathogenic microbes. To study plant diseases caused by microbes, it is imperative to be able to monitor disease symptoms and microbial colonization in a quantitative and objective manner. In contrast to more traditional measures that use manual assignments of disease categories, image processing provides a more accurate and objective quantification of plant disease symptoms. Besides monitoring disease symptoms, computational image processing provides additional information on the spatial localization of pathogenic microbes in different plant tissues.

Results

Here we report on an image analysis tool called ScAnalyzer to monitor disease symptoms and bacterial spread in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Thereto, detached leaves are assembled in a grid and scanned, which enables automated separation of individual samples. A pixel color threshold is used to segment healthy (green) from chlorotic (yellow) leaf areas. The spread of luminescence-tagged bacteria is monitored via light-sensitive films, which are processed in a similar manner as the leaf scans. We show that this tool is able to capture previously identified differences in susceptibility of the model plant A. thaliana to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Moreover, we show that the ScAnalyzer pipeline provides a more detailed assessment of bacterial spread within plant leaves than previously used methods. Finally, by combining the disease symptom values with bacterial spread values from the same leaves, we show that bacterial spread precedes visual disease symptoms.

Conclusion

Taken together, we present an automated script to monitor plant disease symptoms and microbial spread in A. thaliana leaves. The freely available software (https://github.com/MolPlantPathology/ScAnalyzer) has the potential to standardize the analysis of disease assays between different groups.
Nomogram using intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for the preoperative prediction of visceral pleural invasion in clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yun , Lyu Deng , Hu Su , Ma Yanqing , Duan Shaofeng , Geng Yayuan , Zhou Taohu , Tu Wenting , Xiao Yi , Fan Li , Liu Shiyuan
Published: May 2024

Background

Accurate prediction of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) in lung adenocarcinoma before operation can provide guidance and help for surgical operation and postoperative treatment. We investigate the value of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics nomograms for preoperatively predicting the status of VPI in patients diagnosed with clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

A total of 404 patients from our hospital were randomly assigned to a training set (n = 283) and an internal validation set (n = 121) using a 7:3 ratio, while 81 patients from two other hospitals constituted the external validation set. We extracted 1218 CT-based radiomics features from the gross tumor volume (GTV) as well as the gross peritumoral tumor volume (GPTV5, 10, 15), respectively, and constructed radiomic models. Additionally, we developed a nomogram based on relevant CT features and the radscore derived from the optimal radiomics model.

Results

The GPTV10 radiomics model exhibited superior predictive performance compared to GTV, GPTV5, and GPTV15, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.855, 0.842, and 0.842 in the three respective sets. In the clinical model, the solid component size, pleural indentation, solid attachment, and vascular convergence sign were identified as independent risk factors among the CT features. The predictive performance of the nomogram, which incorporated relevant CT features and the GPTV10-radscore, outperformed both the radiomics model and clinical model alone, with AUC values of 0.894, 0.828, and 0.876 in the three respective sets.

Conclusions

The nomogram, integrating radiomics features and CT morphological features, exhibits good performance in predicting VPI status in lung adenocarcinoma.
Assessing basic motor competences, physical fitness, and executive function in 4-5-year-old children: a longitudinal study in a primary care setting
Authors: Legarra-Gorgoñon Gaizka , García-Alonso Yesenia , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Alonso-Martínez Loreto , Izquierdo Mikel , Alonso-Martínez Alicia M
Published: May 2024

Background

To evaluate the progression of physical fitness (PF), basic motor competence (BMC), and executive function (EF) over one year in children aged 4–5 years at a health center.

Methods

In this longitudinal analysis, children’s BMC was evaluated using the MOBAK KG test for object and self-movement. The PREFIT Battery gauged PF through handgrip strength, standing long jump, and other fitness measures, while the Early Years Toolbox appraised EF.

Results

Adjustments for confounding factors showed notable improvements in BMC, particularly in object movement (OM; mean difference 0.789, p = 0.044) and self-movement (SM; mean difference 0.842, p = 0.037), with overall MOBAK scores also increasing (mean difference 1.632, p = 0.018). Enhancements in the standing long jump (mean difference 9.036 cm, p = 0.014) and EF tasks “Mr. Ant” (mean difference 0.669, p < 0.001) and “Go/No-Go” (mean difference 0.120, p < 0.001) were evident, signifying substantial BMC gains and some progress in PF and EF.

Conclusion

This research underscores the positive impact of regular training on BMC and PF in young children. Significant BMC development and associated improvements in PF and EF over the study period highlight the importance of structured activities in early childhood. These findings advocate for standardized training programs to enhance childhood health and encourage active lifestyles.

Trial registration

NCT05741879. Registered February 14, 2023, Version 1.
Increased incidence of the type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis severity in children during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ahangar Davoodi Mohamad , Zamanian Maryam , Balali Bahareh
Published: May 2024

Aim

The effect of COVID-19 on the occurrence of type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis in children and adolescent.

Methods

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, the records of all children and adolescents hospitalized due to type1 diabetes for two years ago and during the COVID-19 pandemic and its peaks were investigated (January 2018–2022). Also, the desired variables including the frequency of hospitalized patients (known and new cases), the frequency of DKA, the severity of DKA, the duration of discharge from DKA, age, body mass index, duration of hospitalization, clinical symptoms including cerebral edema, laboratory data and the total daily dose insulin required at the time of discharge were compared and statistically analyzed.

Results

Out of the 334 hospitalized T1DM patients, the rate of new T1DM patients was significantly higher (P = 0.006) during the pandemic. Clearly, there were more cases of DKA during the pandemic (P = 0.007). The higher severity of DKA (0.026) and the need for higher doses of insulin (P = 0.005) were also observed. The hospitalization rate was higher during the corona peaks, particularly peaks 1 and 4, compared to the non-peak days of COVID-19.

Conclusion

The increase in the incidence of diabetes (new cases) in the pandemic can suggest the role of the COVID-19 virus as an igniter. Also, as a trigger for the higher incidence of DKA with higher severities, which is probably caused by more damage to the pancreatic beta cells and requires higher doses of insulin.
Comparison of allo-SCT, auto-SCT and chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with low- or intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Wu , Wu Xia , Zhao Ruying , Jin Xuelian , Li Hui , Qu Ying , Ji Jie , Liu Zhigang
Published: May 2024

Background

The therapeutic status of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) as a post-remission treatment for patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was well-accepted. However, the optimal treatment for patients with low/favorable- or intermediate-risk AML who achieve complete remission has remained controversial. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to discuss this disputed problem.

Methods

We compared the effects of treatment strategies including allo-SCT, autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) and consolidation chemotherapy (CT) for patients with low/favorable- or intermediate-risk AML. The pooled HRs and 95% CIs for overall survival and disease-free survival were estimated with Stata12 and R software. Thirty clinical studies with 6682 patients were included in the meta-analysis.

Results

The results indicated that the treatment outcome of allo-SCT was the best, followed by auto-SCT, and CT was likely the worst in the total AML patients. In patients with low/favorable-risk AML, the treatment outcome of auto-SCT was likely ranked first, followed by allo-SCT, and CT was the worst. In patients with intermediate-risk AML, the treatment outcome of haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) was the best, followed by allo-SCT (excluding haplo-SCT), and auto-SCT and CT were the worst. However, the median age of the haplo-SCT group was much younger than that of the control group, which may be one of the reasons for the better prognosis of the haplo-SCT group.

Conclusions

Patients with low/favorable- and intermediate-risk (non-high-risk) AML should prioritize allo-SCT if they are eligible for transplantation, and auto-SCT is optional. However, in the subgroup analysis, auto-SCT was the optimal treatment choice for patients with low/favorable-risk AML, and allo-SCT was the priority selection for patients with intermediate-risk AML, especially young patients. These findings could provide references for clinical practice.
Retinal organoids with X-linked retinoschisis RS1 (E72K) mutation exhibit a photoreceptor developmental delay and are rescued by gene augmentation therapy
Authors: Duan Chunwen , Ding Chengcheng , Sun Xihao , Mao Shengru , Liang Yuqin , Liu Xinyu , Ding Xiaoyan , Chen Jiansu , Tang Shibo
Published: May 2024

Background

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is an inherited disease caused by RS1 gene mutation, which leads to retinal splitting and visual impairment. The mechanism of RS1-associated retinal degeneration is not fully understood. Besides, animal models of XLRS have limitations in the study of XLRS. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal organoids (ROs) to investigate the disease mechanisms and potential treatments for XLRS.

Methods

hiPSCs reprogrammed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two RS1 mutant (E72K) XLRS patients were differentiated into ROs. Subsequently, we explored whether RS1 mutation could affect RO development and explore the effectiveness of RS1 gene augmentation therapy.

Results

ROs derived from RS1 (E72K) mutation hiPSCs exhibited a developmental delay in the photoreceptor, retinoschisin (RS1) deficiency, and altered spontaneous activity compared with control ROs. Furthermore, the delays in development were associated with decreased expression of rod-specific precursor markers (NRL) and photoreceptor-specific markers (RCVRN). Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene augmentation with RS1 at the photoreceptor immature stage rescued the rod photoreceptor developmental delay in ROs with the RS1 (E72K) mutation.

Conclusions

The RS1 (E72K) mutation results in the photoreceptor development delay in ROs and can be partially rescued by the RS1 gene augmentation therapy.
Current applications of intestinal organoids: a review
Authors: Xiang Tao , Wang Jie , Li Hui
Published: May 2024

In the past decade, intestinal organoid technology has paved the way for reproducing tissue or organ morphogenesis during intestinal physiological processes in vitro and studying the pathogenesis of various intestinal diseases. Intestinal organoids are favored in drug screening due to their ability for high-throughput in vitro cultivation and their closer resemblance to patient genetic characteristics. Furthermore, as disease models, intestinal organoids find wide applications in screening diagnostic markers, identifying therapeutic targets, and exploring epigenetic mechanisms of diseases. Additionally, as a transplantable cellular system, organoids have played a significant role in the reconstruction of damaged epithelium in conditions such as ulcerative colitis and short bowel syndrome, as well as in intestinal material exchange and metabolic function restoration. The rise of interdisciplinary approaches, including organoid-on-chip technology, genome editing techniques, and microfluidics, has greatly accelerated the development of organoids. In this review, VOSviewer software is used to visualize hot co-cited journal and keywords trends of intestinal organoid firstly. Subsequently, we have summarized the current applications of intestinal organoid technology in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This will deepen our understanding of intestinal organoids and further explore the physiological mechanisms of the intestine and drug development for intestinal diseases.
The working alliance inventory – short version: psychometric properties of the patient and therapist form in youth mental health and addiction care
Authors: van Benthem Patty , van der Lans R. M. , Lamers A. , Blanken P. , Spijkerman R. , Vermeiren R. R.J.M. , Hendriks V. M.
Published: May 2024

The therapeutic alliance is considered to play an important role in youth treatment. The commonly used versions of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) are based on Bordin’s three-dimensional alliance model. However, previous psychometric studies of the WAI did not find this three-dimensional structure in youth psychotherapy. These earlier findings may indicate different perceptions of the alliance by adolescent versus adult patients, but may also be due to methodological shortcomings. The current study aims to address previous study limitations by evaluating the factor structure of the short version of the WAI (WAI-S) in youth treatment in multilevel analysis to address the hierarchical structure of the alliance data. We examined the psychometric properties of the patient (n = 203) and therapist (n = 62) versions of the WAI-S in youth mental health and addiction care and tested four multilevel models of alliance at start of treatment and 2-month follow-up. Our results suggests a two-factor model for youth and a three-dimensional model for their therapist at both time points. Since this is the first study that finds a best fit for a two-dimensional construct of alliance in youth, more research is needed to clarify whether the differences in alliance dimensions are due to measurement differences between the WAI-S for youth and therapists or whether youth and their therapists truly differ in their perceptions of the concept of alliance.
Cone-wedge anchored surgical templates for stackable metal guide: a novel technique
Authors: Bai Xueying , Wu Tao , Zhu Yuxi , Yang Chengyu , Cheng Tiange , Liu Yi , Zhou Yi
Published: May 2024

Objective

To address the instability in implant surgical guides, this technique proposes an alternative anchoring mechanism in the stackable metal surgical guides utilizing cone-wedge anchors for improved stability.

Methods

Postoperative implant position superimposed onto the preoperatively planned design using Mimics Medical 21.0 and Materialise Magics 24.0 to assess 3D coronal implant deviation, 3D apical implant deviation, and implant angular deviation.

Results

Postoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed a high level of precision in the implant placement, with an average 0.97 mm deviation at implant coronal region, 1.56 mm at implant apexes, and 2.95° angular deviation.

Conclusion

This technique introduces a novel cone-wedge anchoring mechanism to enhance the stability of stackable metal surgical guide templates, addressing inherent instability issues. The utilization of this approach significantly improves the accuracy of implant placement procedures.
Sarcomatoid malignant pleural mesothelioma: a case of long-term recurrence-free survival following curative intent surgery alone
Authors: Kanayama Masatoshi , Takenaka Masaru , Yoshimatsu Katsuma , Matsumiya Hiroki , Mori Masataka , Kuroda Koji , Nawata Aya , Yasuda Manabu , Tanaka Fumihiro
Published: May 2024

Background

Curative intent surgery may be indicated for some patients with resectable early stage malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, sarcomatoid MPM is a highly aggressive subtype for which curative intent surgery is generally not recommended.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 63-year-old man who presented with dyspnea and chest tightness. Computed tomography revealed pleural thickening and nodular lesions. A pleural biopsy confirmed lymphohistiocytoid MPM (cT1N0M0, stage IA), prompting surgical intervention. The patient underwent left extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), and the final diagnosis was sarcomatoid MPM (pT2N0M0, stage IB). Although post-operative chemotherapy was planned, the patient refused additional treatment, because of the introduction of home oxygen therapy, and has remained recurrence-free for 10 years after the surgery.

Conclusions

This case presents a noteworthy instance of achieving long-term recurrence-free survival solely through curative intent surgery for sarcomatoid MPM. It highlights the potential efficacy of surgical intervention in managing this aggressive subtype, offering a glimmer of hope for improved outcomes. Further research is warranted to better define the role of surgery in the treatment of sarcomatoid MPM.
Design of Customized Mouthguards with Superior Protection Using Digital-Based Technologies and Impact Tests
Authors: Nasrollahzadeh Naser , Pioletti Dominique P. , Broome Martin
Published: May 2024

Background

In contact sports, an impact on the jaw can generate destructive stress on the tooth-bone system. Mouthguards can be beneficial in reducing the injury risk by changing the dynamics of the trauma. The material properties of mouthguards and their geometrical/structural attributes influence their protective performance. Custom-made mouthguards are the gold standard, and different configurations have been proposed to improve their protection and comfort. However, the effects of different design variables on the performance of customized mouthguards are not well understood.

Results

Herein, we developed a reliable finite element model to analyze contributing factors to the design of custom-made mouthguards. Accordingly, we evaluated the isolated and combined effect of layers’ stiffness, thickness, and space inclusion on the protective capability of customized mouthguards. Our simulations revealed that a harder frontal region could distribute load and absorb impact energy through bending if optimally combined with a space inclusion. Moreover, a softer layer could enlarge the time of impact and absorb its energy by compression. We also showed that mouthguards present similar protection with either permanently bonded or mechanically interlocked components. We 3D-printed different mouthguards with commercial resins and performed impact tests to experimentally validate our simulation findings. The impact tests on the fabricated mouthguards used in this work revealed that significantly higher dental protection could be achieved with 3D-printed configurations than conventionally fabricated customized mouthguards. In particular, the strain on the impacted incisor was attenuated around 50% more with a 3D-printed mouthguard incorporating a hard insert and space in the frontal region than a conventional Playsafe® Heavypro mouthguard.

Conclusions

The protective performance of a mouthguard could be maximized by optimizing its structural and material properties to reduce the risk of sport-related dental injuries. Combining finite element simulations, additive manufacturing, and impact tests provides an efficient workflow for developing functional mouthguards with higher protectiveness and athlete comfort. We envision the future with 3d-printed custom-mouthguards presenting distinct attributes in different regions that are personalized by the user based on the sport and associated harshness of the impact incidences.
Enabling the design of surgical instruments for under-resourced patients through metal additive manufacturing: ulnar shortening osteotomy as an example
Authors: Chen Kuan-Lin , Yin Cheng-Yu , Huang Hui-Kuang , Huang Yi-Chao , Wang Jung-Pan
Published: May 2024

Background

Ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) has demonstrated good outcomes for patients with ulnar impaction syndrome. To minimize complications such as non-union, precise osteotomy and firm fixation are warranted. Despite various ulnar shortening systems have been developed, current technology does not meet all needs. A considerable portion of patients could not afford those designated USO systems. To tackle this challenge, our team reported successful results in standardized free-hand predrilled USO technique. However, it is still technical demanding and requires sufficient experience and confidence to excel. Therefore, our team designed an ulnar shortening system based on our free-hand technique principle, using metal additive manufacturing technology. The goal of this study is to describe the development process and report the performance of the system.

Methods

Utilizing metal additive manufacturing technology, our team developed an ulnar shortening system that requires minimal exposure, facilitates precise cutting, and allows for the easy placement of a 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate, available to patients at zero out-of-pocket cost. For performance testing, two surgeons with different levels of experience in ulnar shortening procedures were included: one fellow-trained hand and wrist surgeon and one senior resident. They performed ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) using both the free-hand technique and the USO system-assisted technique on ulna sawbones, repeating each method three times. The recorded parameters included time-to-complete-osteotomy, total procedure time, chip diameter, shortening length, maximum residual gap, and deviation angle.

Results

For the hand and wrist fellow, with the USO system, the time-to-complete osteotomy was significantly reduced. (468.7 ± 63.6 to 260.0 ± 5 s, p < 0.05). Despite the preop goal was shortening 3 mm, the average shortening length was significantly larger in the free-hand group (5 ± 0.1; 3.2 ± 0.2 mm, p < 0.05). Both maximum residual gap and deviation angle reported no statistical difference between the two techniques for the hand surgeon. As for the senior resident, the maximum residual gap was significantly reduced, using the USO system (2.9 ± 0.8; 0.4 ± 0.4 mm, p = 0.02). Between two surgeons, significant larger maximum residual gap and deviation angle were noted on the senior resident doctor, in the free-hand technique group, but not in the USO system group.

Conclusion

The developed USO system may serve as a valuable tool, aiding in reliable and precise cutting as well as fixation for patients undergoing ulnar shortening osteotomy with a 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate, even for less experienced surgeons. The entire process, from concept generation and sketching to creating the CAD file and final production, serves as a translatable reference for other surgical scenarios.
How do students reason about statistical sampling with computer simulations? An integrative review from a grounded cognition perspective
Authors: Gok Sebahat , Goldstone Robert L.
Published: May 2024

Interactive computer simulations are commonly used as pedagogical tools to support students’ statistical reasoning. This paper examines whether and how these simulations enable their intended effects. We begin by contrasting two theoretical frameworks—dual processes and grounded cognition—in the context of people’s conceptions about statistical sampling, setting the stage for the potential benefits of simulations in learning such conceptions. Then, we continue with reviewing the educational literature on statistical sampling simulations. Our review tentatively suggests benefits of the simulations for building statistical habits of mind. However, challenges seem to persist when more specific concepts and skills are investigated. With and without simulations, students have difficulty forming an aggregate view of data, interpreting sampling distributions, showing a process-based understanding of the law of large numbers, making statistical inferences, and context-independent reasoning. We propose that grounded cognition offers a framework for understanding these findings, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between perception and conception, perceptual design features, and guided perceptual routines for supporting students’ meaning making from simulations. Finally, we propose testable instructional strategies for using simulations in statistics education.
Early pregnancy loss in IVF: a literature review
Authors: Salame Anastasia A. , Zhaffal Mokhamad J. , Peramo Braulio
Published: May 2024

Human reproduction is an imperfect process despite years of evolution. It is estimated that only 30% of conceived pregnancies end up with a live birth (Hum Reprod Update 8:333-343, 2002). Although the IVF cycle clinical pregnancy rate is estimated to be above 60%, the actual live birth rate is still well below 50% (Reprod Biomed Online 40:201-206, 2004). Errors of implantation, embryonic genetic mutations, structural as well as chromosomal abnormalities, endometrial aberrances as well as abnormal sites of implantation are all conditions that could be associated with a positive pregnancy test yet a non-viable pregnancy outcome. In this extensive literature review, we detailed the different risk factors hindering a successful reproductive outcome post-IVF in terms of early pregnancy loss. We also reviewed the different treatment modalities available to improve the prognosis of such patients.
Impact of successful antegrade and retrograde CTO PCI on short-term prognosis
Authors: Etriby Khaled Adel El , Okasha Nireen Khalifa , Zahran Mohamed El-Sayed , Mohamed Tarek Rashid
Published: May 2024

Background

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) carries risk of complications and should be attempted when the anticipated benefits exceed the potential risks. The primary indication for CTO–PCI is symptom improvement. However, the impact of CTO–PCI on angina and subsequent incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rate remains controversial. Our aim was to study the impact of technically successful elective CTO–PCI on the procedural success rate and short-term MACE. The current study was a prospective cohort study that included a total of 80 patients who were referred to our center (Ain Shams University Hospitals) for elective CTO–PCI and underwent technically successful CTO–PCI. Data were collected on patient arrival to our department, and then, the patients were observed during hospital admission to record any In-Hospital MACE. These patients were then followed up for 6 months to record improvement or worsening of their symptoms and to assess occurrence of any MACE including hospitalization and undergoing symptom-driven coronary angiography.

Results

The mean age of our patients was 56 ± 9.6 years, and 73 patients (91%) were men. Sixty-two patients (77.5%) were done via an antegrade approach, and 18 patients (22.5%) were done via a retrograde approach with an overall procedural success rate of 91.25% (antegrade 93.5%, retrograde 83.3%). The overall mean procedure time was 102 min, the mean contrast volume used was 371 ml, and the mean cumulative air kerma dose was 7.2 Gy. The retrograde group required longer procedure times, larger volumes of contrast and higher exposure to radiation. The overall in-hospital MACE was 8.75%. Sixty-five patients in our study (81.25%) showed an improvement in the grade of their exertional dyspnea or angina within the 6-month follow-up period. Thirteen patients in our study (16.25%) needed re-hospitalization within a 6-month period after PCI. The overall target lesion revascularization rate at 6 months was 8.75%.

Conclusions

Technically successful CTO PCI in a well-equipped center with highly qualified CTO operators resulted in high procedural success rates and low incidence of short-term MACE.
Evaluation of the physical characteristics of reinforced concrete subject to corrosion using a poro-elastic acoustic model inversion technique applied to ultrasonic measurements
Authors: Beaujean Pierre-Philippe , Shaffer Samuel R. , Presuel-Moreno Francisco , Brogden Matthew
Published: May 2024

The use of reinforced concrete is foundational to modern infrastructure. Acknowledging this, it is imperative that health monitoring techniques be in place to study corrosion within these structures. By using a non-destructive method for detecting the early formation of cracks within reinforced concrete, the method presented in this paper seeks to improve upon traditional techniques of monitoring corrosion, within reinforced concrete structures. In this paper, the authors present a method to evaluate the physical characteristics of reinforced concrete subject to corrosion using a poro-elastic acoustic model inversion technique applied to a set of ultrasonic measurements, which constitutes a novel approach to the problem of observing the impact of corroding rebars and resulting concrete damage. A non-contact ultrasonic transducer is operated at a carrier frequency of 500 [kHz], with a layer of saltwater separating the sensor from the concrete surface. Following this non-contact measurement collection of the surface and rebar echo responses, a poro-elastic model is used to model the sound propagation, through an adapted version of the Biot-Stoll model. At first, a set of default parameters, obtained from the physical characteristics of the reinforced concrete, are used to match experimental and simulated acoustic signature of the sample. Performing statistical averaging along the corroding rebar within three samples over a period of nearly nine months, a small but monotonous increase in the distance between the concrete surface and the top of the rebar, indicating gradual corrosion of the rebar. Next, a non-linear optimization algorithm is used to optimize the match between measured and simulated echoes. Through the implementation of this model parameter optimization, the root mean square error between measured and simulated responses was reduced by 63.7% for the full signal, and 62.6% for the rebar echo.
Convulsive Transfers in the Work of César Moro
Authors: Rodríguez Josué
Published: May 2024

This article explores the poetry and essays of Peruvian surrealist poet César Moro (1903–56) in relation to the French surrealist aesthetic of convulsive beauty as defined by André Breton (1896–1966). By examining Moro’s textual construction of a speaker who privileges nature as a poetic agent, the author argues that his historical role as an agent of cultural transfer emerges. Using the aesthetic of convulsive beauty as a case study, the author shows how Moro’s poetic mythification of Peru’s colonial legacy creates a hybrid surrealist canon through metonymic techniques that reflect Amerindian notions of animism. In particular, Moro’s renditions of diamonds, precious stones, animals, plants, and other natural forms challenge the subject-object divide that limits the European modernist aesthetic. What emerges in this global process of cultural transfer is a translational poetics that avoids the binaries of source and target audiences, thereby allowing the emergence of nonlinear and dynamic modes of contact.
An arch worth revisiting: A study on the feline humeral supracondylar foramen and its evolutionary significance
Authors: Byrne Eimear , Johnston Robert D. , Kilroy David , Bhattacharjee Sourav
Published: May 2024

The supracondylar foramen with a (seemingly) osseous peripheral arch noticed on the medio-distal feline humeri had remained disputed among anatomists. Some scholars have argued in favor of homology between this foramen and the supracondyloid foramen formed in the presence of the ligament of Struthers in humans. Other theories include its presence as a retinaculum holding the median nerve and brachial artery to their anatomical position in a flexed elbow. Unfortunately, these theories lack investigative rigor. The emergence of non-invasive imaging modalities, such as micro-computed tomography, has enabled researchers to inspect the internal anatomy of bones without dismantling. Thus, a micro-computed tomographic investigation was conducted on three feline (Felis catus) humeri specimens while the internal anatomy of the supracondylar foramina was examined. Unlike the humerus, the thin peripheral arch of the feline supracondylar foramen failed to elicit any osseous trabeculae or foci of calcification. While adhering to the humeral periosteum at its origin, the non-osseous arch, typical of a muscular tendon, inserts into the bony saddle related to the medial humeral epicondyle suggestive of a tendon or aponeurotic extension of a (vestigial) brachial muscle, with the coracobrachialis longus emerging to be the most likely candidate.
Evaluating protein prenylation of human and viral CaaX sequences using a humanized yeast system
Authors: Hildebrandt Emily R. , Sarkar Anushka , Ravishankar Rajani , Kim June H. , Schmidt Walter K.
Published: May 2024

Prenylated proteins are prevalent in eukaryotic biology (∼1-2% of proteins) and are associated with human disease, including cancer, premature aging and infections. Prenylated proteins with a C-terminal CaaX sequence are targeted by CaaX-type prenyltransferases and proteases. To aid investigations of these enzymes and their targets, we developed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that express these human enzymes instead of their yeast counterparts. These strains were developed in part to explore human prenyltransferase specificity because of findings that yeast FTase has expanded specificity for sequences deviating from the CaaX consensus (i.e. atypical sequence and length). The humanized yeast strains displayed robust prenyltransferase activity against CaaX sequences derived from human and pathogen proteins containing typical and atypical CaaX sequences. The system also recapitulated prenylation of heterologously expressed human proteins (i.e. HRas and DNAJA2). These results reveal that substrate specificity is conserved for yeast and human farnesyltransferases but is less conserved for type I geranylgeranyltransferases. These yeast systems can be easily adapted for investigating the prenylomes of other organisms and are valuable new tools for helping define the human prenylome, which includes physiologically important proteins for which the CaaX modification status is unknown.
Outward investment of Portuguese small and medium enterprises in the Central and Eastern European countries: motivations and challenges
Authors: Santos Eleonora , Moreira Jacinta
Published: May 2024

Background This paper identifies the determinant factors of Portuguese investment in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. We assume that investment abroad is motivated by business opportunities, and the quality-price ratio of the workforce. Methods To this end, we used a qualitative methodology composed of 6 case studies, based on interviews and surveys with the managers of the Portuguese firms investing in those three economies. Results Despite the business opportunities, Portuguese investment directed towards these economies is negligible, due, in part, to the geographic and cultural distance. However, the economic and political stability, combined with market size and growth potential are undeniable attraction factors for Portuguese investors. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), due to their flexible conditions that allow changes in the activity, and the strong trend towards outsourcing, to the detriment of the manufacturing industry, are the primary focus of international investment. This trend, although common to several sectors, has shown greater dynamism in the banking and financial sector. Conclusions The results suggest market-oriented investments aiming at growth and expansion. The vast Polish market is the one that most attracted Portuguese investors. The hybrid feature of some strategies can align with the cautious attitude towards the investment translated into cooperation agreements with financial institutions for funding, the market learning process, and the training of the personnel. The anticipation of the installation over potential competitors, the experience in production and international markets, the price-quality ratio, the capacity of product adaptation and the design were considered important sources of competitive advantage that motivated the investment. The greatest difficulties during this process were language and the complexity of legislation.
Distress and Rewards of Nurses with Experience in COVID-19 Wards: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Matsuura Asako , Sasahara Shin-ichiro , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Wataya Keiko , Ujihara Masana , Kawashima Yoshitaka , Takahashi Sho , Muroi Kei , Doki Shotaro , Hori Daisuke , Takahashi Tsukasa , Matsuzaki Ichiyo
Published: May 2024

Background Amidst the global escalation of COVID-19, nurses have confronted the dual challenge of exposure to infection and the duty to provide patient care, leading to some moral dilemmas. This study aims to explore the psychological burden and dilemmas faced by nurses working in COVID-19 wards, elucidating their professional distress and rewards, and examining their interrelation. Methods This qualitative descriptive study employed semi-structured interviews to gather data on the experiences of nurses who worked in COVID-19 wards. The study spanned from January 2022 to March 2023. Qualitative content analysis was applied to analyze interview transcripts. Results The study involved 12 participants (8 women and 4 men). Their experience ranged from 4-21 years. The group included 6 staff nurses, 3 head or deputy head nurses, and 3 head nurses. No significant changes were observed in weekly working hours pre- and post-COVID-19. Analysis of the interviews revealed that nurses working in COVID-19 wards experienced conflicts related to the risk of infection at work, role execution, organizational challenges, and interpersonal relationships. Concurrently, they also reported finding rewards in their work and in building connections with others. Conclusions This study revealed that nurses experienced distress related to COVID-19-related job challenges, leading to a sense of mistrust towards their organizations. However, working in COVID-19 wards also brought a renewed sense of job fulfillment, particularly through interactions with individuals they had not previously encountered. These experiences are illustrative of the dilemmas faced by healthcare professionals in balancing the distress and rewards inherent in their roles.
Prevalencia del uso problemático de Internet y factores asociados en estudiantes universitarios hondureños (Prevalence of problematic Internet use and factors associated among honduran university students)
Authors: Martínez-Álvarez Isabel , Hidalgo-Fuentes Sergio , Llamas-Salguero Fátima , Suyapa Pineda-Zelaya Iris
Published: May 2024

Actualmente, se ha producido un gran desarrollo tecnológico y el uso de internet entre los jóvenes está ampliamente presente. Si bien el uso adecuado de Internet puede tener consecuencias positivas en diferentes ámbitos, una utilización excesiva e incontrolada se ha asociado con numerosos resultados negativos. El objetivo de este estudio es estudiar la prevalencia del uso problemático de internet (UPI) en estudiantes universitarios hondureños y en identificar variables sociodemográficas y de personalidad asociadas al UPI. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 791 estudiantes universitarios. Se han realizado análisis descriptivos, correlaciones y comparativos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto elevadas tasas de UPI en los estudiantes universitarios, mayor entre las mujeres, y que el UPI se asocia con un alto grado de neuroticismo y con bajos niveles de extraversión, cordialidad, responsabilidad, apertura a la experiencia y autoestima. En conclusión, este estudio ofrece información sobre factores relacionados con el UPI que pueden aumentar las posibilidades de una temprana detección e intervención.
A case of polyserositis, chylous ascites and hepatitis induced by immune checkpoint-inhibitors
Authors: Castelli Marta , Betelli Mauro , Valenti Anna , Merelli Barbara , Loglio Alessandro , Viganò Mauro , Benetti Alberto
Published: May 2024

We describe a rare case of polyserositis with chylous ascites following nivolumab therapy, highlighting the challenges in recognizing and managing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs).
A young female with a hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Jevdokimova Natalija , Jevdokimov Denis , Ivanova Jelena , Isajevs Sergejs , Staka Aiga , Pukitis Aldis
Published: May 2024

Background: Primary hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is an extremely rare tumour of vascular origin with an incidence of <0.1 cases per 100,000 people worldwide. Case description: A 29-year-old female with the history of epigastric pain and unintentional weight loss (3 kg over six months) was referred for upper endoscopy. The examination was without visual pathological findings, but a rapid urease test was positive. First-line treatment with clarithromycin-containing triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection was given. After completion of eradication therapy, diffuse abdominal pain developed. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed multiple liver nodules. Three consecutive core liver biopsies were performed and were inconclusive. A subsequent surgical liver nodule resection was performed. Histopathology of the specimen revealed grade 2 hepatocellular carcinoma; bone scintigraphy was negative for metastasis. A multidisciplinary team (MDT) recommended giving the patient sorafenib, which was poorly tolerated. The histology was reviewed using immunohistochemistry staining at the request of the oncologist, which showed expression of CD31 and CD34. Based on clinical, morphological and immunohistochemistry findings, a diagnosis of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma was made. Based on the multidisciplinary team's findings, liver transplantation was indicated as the only curative treatment. Conclusion: Because of the rarity of this disease, combining clinical, radiological and histopathological methods as well as an MDT approach can help to reach the correct final diagnosis. As demonstrated in this clinical case, it is crucial to perform immunohistochemistry of a liver biopsy to confirm a HEHE diagnosis.
Unmasking a case of sitosterolaemia: an approach for diagnosis and management
Authors: Elbanna Mostafa , Eid Fahad , Zaalouk Mostafa , Latifi Ahmad Nawid , Sharma Gaurav
Published: May 2024

This report presents a 57-year-old female with a history of dyslipidaemia, intolerant to statins and currently managed on evolocumab. Despite a healthy lifestyle, lipid panel abnormalities persisted, leading to an investigation that revealed heterozygous mutations in the ABCG8 gene, confirming a diagnosis of sitosterolaemia. The patient’s unique response to lipid-lowering medications typified this rare disorder, necessitating specialised genetic testing for diagnosis. Management involved dietary modifications and the introduction of ezetimibe, evolocumab and atorvastatin, demonstrating the personalised nature of treatment. The case underscores the importance of considering sitosterolaemia in unexplained lipid abnormalities and highlights the challenges in diagnosis and management. Ongoing research is crucial for refining diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this clinically significant disorder, emphasising the need for a multidisciplinary approach to patient care.
Pharmaceutical care in Poland, the USA and the UK
Authors: Mitera Blanka , Harasimowicz Karolina , Donovan Marcin
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the evolution and current state of pharmaceutical care in Poland, the United States, and the United Kingdom, highlighting similarities and differences in their approaches, regulations, and outcomes. Beginning with the legal frameworks governing pharmaceutical care, the analysis explores the progression of pharmaceutical services in each country over the past decade, emphasizing the focus on patient-centered care, evidence-based practices, and regulatory oversight. Key components of pharmaceutical care, such as medication management, adherence initiatives, and technological advancements, are examined within the context of each nation’s healthcare system. While all three countries prioritize patient well-being and accessibility to pharmaceutical services, variations emerge in government involvement, healthcare professional collaboration, pharmaceutical industry influence, medication accessibility, and cultural factors. Policymakers and healthcare practitioners seeking to enhance pharmaceutical care globally must acknowledge these distinctions to tailor interventions effectively.

Keywords: medication management service, the Patient-Centered Approach, rational drug usage, Pharmaceutical Care Practice, pharmacist’s contribution, healthcare outcome.
Mais que Amigas, Chingus 친구: Diferentes Experiências de Mobilidade Profissional no Exterior
Authors: Vieira Beatriz Vitória Ferreira , Bueno Giovana , Bueno Janaína Maria , Domingues Carlos Roberto
Published: May 2024

Este caso de ensino apresenta a história de Olívia, uma jovem profissional brasileira que foi convidada pela empresa onde trabalha a assumir a principal função na nova unidade a ser criada na Coréia do Sul. O objetivo é proporcionar aos alunos o contato com a realidade de quem enfrenta o desafio de mudar de país por motivos profissionais e, diante disso, precisa ser capaz de analisar os desafios inerentes ao processo, formas de preparação para esta experiência, o processo de adaptação intercultural, bem como qual é o papel da área de Gestão de Pessoas nas diferentes modalidades de mobilidade internacional. O caso apresenta duas diferentes formas de mobilidade (expatriação profissional e autoexpatriação) tendo como fontes de dados as informações coletadas em sites e redes sociais (Youtube e Instagram) sobre brasileiros que mudaram para outro país por motivos profissionais e entrevista com duas brasileiras que foram trabalhar na Coréia do Sul. O caso pode ser usado nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação de Relações Internacionais, Comércio Exterior, Administração e áreas afins. Ele pode ser trabalhado em disciplinas que tratem sobre o processo de internacionalização de empresas, gestão internacional de pessoas, gestão de carreira, administração intercultural entre outras.
Introduzione alle lingue storiche minoritarie del nord Italia
Authors: Autelli Erica , Caria Marco , Imperiale Riccardo
Published: May 2024

Italy shows a multitude of languages and dialects bound to different areas, language communities, ethnicities and personal identities. Many of the historical minority languages of Italy are not known to everyone, not even to all Italians though living on the same territory. This special issue aims at describing such language varieties to be found in the Northern pat of Italy, dealing first of all with the history of a certain language variety. Each paper also describes the main linguistic charactericics, mainly at phonological, semantical and morphosyntactic level. Then some of the most important intiatives to preserve such valuable inheritage.