bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Haematological Variables in Helicobacter Pylori-Infected Patients with Ulcer and without Ulcer: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yadav Sudipti , Singh Shraddha , Verma Shivam , Rungta Sumit , Verma Narsingh , Verma Shailendra Prasad
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is predominantly responsible for acute and chronic progressive gastroduodenal inflammation. Symptoms of gastric diseases vary from dyspepsia to altered bowel movements, leading to ulcers and potential gastrointestinal bleeding. Consequently, H. pylori can have a variable effect on the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. Ongoing research has shown associations between H. pylori and haematological manifestations. Recent studies have reported a 90% incidence of duodenal ulcers and an 80% incidence of gastric ulcers in patients with H. pylori infection. Aim: To investigate haematological manifestations in H. pyloriinfected patients with and without ulcers, and to compare the haematological variables. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology at King George’s Medical University in Lucknow, India, from October 2021 to October 2022. One hundred patients diagnosed with H. pylori-positive biopsy through endoscopy were enrolled in the study. Among these patients, 51% had ulcers with H. pylori infection (enrolled as cases), while 49% were H. pylori infected but without ulcers (enrolled as controls). Samples were analysed for Haemoglobin (Hb) levels, Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Reticulocyte Count (RetC), serum iron, serum ferritin, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), serum vitamin B12, and Homocysteine (HCy) levels. Statistical analysis involved independent sample t-tests to compare continuous data and chi-square tests to compare categorical data. Results: The majority of patients included in the study, both with ulcers (70.6%) and without ulcers (59.2%), were males with mean±Standard Deviation (SD) ages of 32.39±7.25 years and 29.86±7.66 years, respectively. In the present study, low reticulocyte count, anaemia, deranged RBC count, low serum iron, high TIBC, and low ferritin were observed in 9%, 22%, 61%, 11%, 12%, and 8% of the patients, respectively. Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia were observed in 6% and 1% of the cases, respectively. Among patients with ulcers, the strongest correlation was found between serum iron and serum ferritin (r-value=0.901), while the weakest correlation was found between vitamin B12 and RetC (r-value=0.206). Among patients without ulcers, the strongest correlation was found between serum iron and Hb (r-value=0.884), while the weakest correlation was found between TIBC and HCy (r-value=0.270). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a significant association between H. pylori infection-induced ulcers and decreased mean reticulocyte count, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels. Recognising these haematological derangements and including them as indications for H. pylori eradication may lead to a remarkable improvement in the management regime.
Spectrum of Skin Changes in the Elderly Population at a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Verma Rachna , Kaur Rupinder , Chhillar Jasmine , Chhillar Gaurav , Kumar Mahesh , Kataria Usha , Duhan Mohit
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Ageing is a complex, natural process. Due to structural and physiological changes that occur as a consequence of intrinsic and extrinsic aging, the elderly population is highly susceptible to dermatological disorders. These changes are associated with significant morbidity and stress. Hence, it is important to have a better understanding of the dermatological needs of elderly patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern and frequency of geriatric dermatoses in patients attending the Skin Outpatient Department (OPD) at a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy at BPS Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan (Sonepat), Haryana, India, from September 2022 to February 2023. A total of 300 patients aged 60 years and above, of either sex, who consented to participate were enrolled. Detailed history taking and dermatological examinations were performed, and relevant investigations were carried out. Data was collected, entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet, and analysed for frequency, percentage, and mean of variables. Results: Out of the total 300 patients, 155 (51.66%) were males and 145 (48.33%) were females. The majority of patients belonged to the age group of 60-69 years (n=171, 57%). Wrinkling (n=287, 95.66%) was the most common physiological skin finding, followed by dry skin (n=157, 52.33%). Among pathological dermatoses, infectious dermatoses were present in (n=134, 44.66%) patients, followed by eczemas (n=92, 30.66%). Papulosquamous disorders were seen in (n=17, 5.66%) patients. Hypertension was the most common systemic illness present in (n=53, 17.66%) patients. Conclusion: Physiological and pathological skin changes in the elderly are a common cause of consultation in dermatology OPD. Physiological changes were seen in all patients. Among pathological changes, infections were the leading dermatoses, followed by eczemas and papulosquamous disorders.
TÜRKÇE DERS KİTAPLARININ ANAHTAR YETKİNLİKLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ (8. SINIF ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: MADEN Sedat , DURMAZ Nidanur
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitabındaki etkinlikleri ve ilişkili olduğu kazanımları Türkiye Yeterlilikler Çerçevesi anahtar yetkinlikleri açısından incelemektir. Araştırma nitel modellerden doküman incelemesi ile yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler betimsel içerik analiz yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Ders kitaplarında yer alan tüm etkinliklerin doğal olarak ana dilde iletişim yetkinliğini desteklediği görülmüştür. Ana dilde iletişim yetkinliğinden sonra en fazla öğrenmeyi öğrenme, bu yetkinliği de kültürel farkındalık ve ifadenin takip ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Dijital yetkinlik, matematiksel yetkinlik ve bilim/teknoloji, inisiyatif alma ve girişimcilik yetkinlik alanına yönelik etkinlik ve ilişkili kazanım oranlarının birbirine yakın olduğu sosyal ve vatandaşlık alanıyla ilgili etkinlik sayısının az, yabancı dilde iletişim yetkinliğine dair ise hiçbir tespitin yapılamadığı ulaşılan sonuçlar arasındadır. Elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle hazırlanacak olan ders kitaplarında etkinliklerin ve Program’da ise kazanımların anahtar yetkinlik alanlarına dağılımının gözden geçirilmesi önerilebilir.
Efeitos da homofobia na saúde mental de jovens que se experienciam como homens homossexuais
Authors: Roberto Martins Ramon , Pretto Zuleica
Published: September 2023

Esta pesquisa buscou compreender as implicações da homofobia na saúde mental de jovens universitários que se experienciam como homens homossexuais. As vivências permeadas pelo preconceito homofóbico se mostram potenciais geradoras de sofrimento para esse grupo populacional que transgride o status quo de heterossexualidade, estruturalmente instalada nas modernas sociedades ocidentais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com jovens autodeclarados homens homossexuais, estudantes de graduação em universidades do sul do Brasil. Os relatos foram analisados pela teoria sartriana, em diálogo com estudos contemporâneos críticos sobre gênero e sexualidade. Como resultado, fora confirmada a existência de violências homofóbicas destinadas a estes corpos, dentro das famílias e também fora destas, mediando a episódios sofrimento psicológico na biografia da maior parte dos entrevistados, além de resistências a estas violências, pela reafirmação de seus modos de ser.
"Boca a boca"
Authors: Silveira-Barbosa Paula
Published: September 2023

Neste ensaio, discuto como fontes orais foram mobilizadas ao longo do tempo para preservar as memórias lesbianas. Se, por um lado, o testemunho foi, muitas vezes, a única evidência de nossas trajetórias, após ações deliberadas de apagamento, por outro lado, subsistiu nos testemunhos a possibilidade de continuarmos a existir. Articulo tal argumento a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica que considera estudos sobre as lesbianidades desde a Antiguidade até o presente. De cânticos entoados a deusas, passando por poesias e depoimentos, a cultura oral encontra-se profundamente imbricada às lesbianidades e ao modo como as acessamos.
ENTREVISTA: “Toda esa pólvora que guardaba dentro de mí, ella la despertó”
Authors: Falconi Diego
Published: September 2023

Diálogo mantenido el día 1 de febrero de 2023 en Quito entre la escritora y activista travesti ecuatoriana Purita Pelayo (Esmeraldas, 1957) y el académico marica Diego Falconí Trávez (Quito, 1979), con motivo de la publicación de la segunda edición del libro Los fantasmas se cabrearon.
A teia de solidariedade de gênero, raça e classe na experiência da Coletiva Popular de Mulheres da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Baptista Silvia , Freitas Caren , Bruce Mariana
Published: September 2023

A Teia de Solidariedade da Zona Oeste é uma práxis criada pela Coletiva Popular de Mulheres da Zona Oeste, na periferia do Rio de Janeiro, como forma de re-existência dentro de um contexto de pandemia marcado por extrema insegurança alimentar e nutricional e pela fragilização da soberania alimentar. Como estratégia de luta, em um território de maioria negra e de maior produção de alimentos da cidade, saímos em defesa do “morar e plantar”, articulando as lutas pela terra, pela moradia, pela alimentação adequada, pelo Bem Viver, pelo autocuidado e cuidado radical e pela saúde integral. Em um ambiente hostil e de militarização, tendo como ênfase a perspectiva da população negra, foi possível suscitar outras práticas de cuidado e cura. Mesmo em um cenário desolador dos pontos de vista social, econômico e político, logrou-se fortalecer uma auto-organização de mulheres, principalmente mulheres negras, com resultados expressivos: entre 2021 e 2022 foram mais de quatro toneladas de alimentos distribuídos comprados diretamente da agricultura local. Cabe enfatizar que esse quadro só foi possível porque já havia um processo de auto-organização precedente nos territórios e também pelas condições de produção de alimentos e água existentes nesta região da cidade.
Lobby na Consulta Pública para Reforma da Estrutura Internacional de Emissão de Normas de Auditoria, Asseguração e Ética Profissional
Authors: Matos Thiago Macedo Pereira de , Santos Odilanei Morais dos , Lima Ricardo Fraga
Published: September 2023

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de verificar a existência de lobby por determinados grupos de interesse no que diz respeito aos aspectos mais relevantes da consulta do Monitoring Group (MG) sobre reformas dos emissores internacionais de normas de auditoria, asseguração e ética profissional. Para atender a esse objetivo, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo de 58 cartas comentário emitidas por auditores, reguladores e investidores e consequente análise por meio de técnicas estatísticas para verificar diferenças de posicionamento em relação às propostas de reforma. Verificou-se uma predominância de frequência desfavorável às propostas de reforma por parte dos auditores, uma posição de equilíbrio entre opiniões favoráveis e desfavoráveis por parte dos reguladores e uma predominância de posições favoráveis às reformas por parte dos investidores. Houve diferença significativa de posicionamentos entre os grupos de interesse no que diz respeito à unificação do órgão emissor de normas de auditoria e asseguração com o emissor de normas éticas, bem como quanto à manutenção ou não de representação da International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) no órgão que supervisiona o devido processo de emissão de normas aplicáveis pelos auditores, inclusive a observação ao interesse público.
Reported Risky Alcohol Use Among US Adults Prescribed 3 Classes of Chronic Alcohol–Interactive Medications
Authors: Bernstein Eden Y. , Baggett Travis P. , Anderson Timothy S.
Published: September 2023

This study uses data from the 2013–March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess contemporary patterns of risky alcohol use among adults taking high-risk alcohol-interactive medications (benzodiazepine receptor agonists, opioids, and antiepileptics).
Multimodal Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment in Response to an Antiglycolytic Drug
Authors: Sheikh Elnaz , Agrawal Kirti , Roy Sanjit , Burk David , Donnarumma Fabrizio , Ko Young H. , Guttula Praveen Kumar , Biswal Nrusingh C. , Shukla Hem D. , Gartia Manas Ranjan
Published: September 2023

Lipid metabolism and glycolysis play crucial roles in the progression and metastasis of cancer, and the use of 3‐bromopyruvate (3‐BP) as an antiglycolytic agent has shown promise in killing pancreatic cancer cells. However, developing an effective strategy to avoid chemoresistance requires the ability to probe the interaction of cancer drugs with complex tumor‐associated microenvironments (TAMs). Unfortunately, no robust and multiplexed molecular imaging technology is currently available to analyze TAMs. In this study, the simultaneous profiling of three protein biomarkers using SERS nanotags and antibody‐functionalized nanoparticles in a syngeneic mouse model of pancreatic cancer (PC) is demonstrated. This allows for comprehensive information about biomarkers and TAM alterations before and after treatment. These multimodal imaging techniques include surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), immunohistochemistry (IHC), polarized light microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and untargeted liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis. The study reveals the efficacy of 3‐BP in treating pancreatic cancer and identifies drug treatment‐induced lipid species remodeling and associated pathways through bioinformatics analysis.
Bionic Micro‐Texture Duplication and RE3+ Space‐Selective Doping of Unclonable Silica Nanocomposites for Multilevel Encryption and Intelligent Authentication
Authors: Yang Jiaxin , Feng Ming , Wang Jingru , Zhao Zejia , Xu Rui , Chen Ziyu , Zhang Kang , Khan Adnan , Han Yingdong , Song Feng , Huang Wei
Published: September 2023

High‐capacity optical data storage and information encryption by using glass substrates are fascinating due to merits of expanding the functionality and applicability of the optoelectronic field. However, the development of glass substrate‐based multi‐dimensional information encryption methods has remained a challenge because of the high hardness, brittleness and melting temperature of glasses. Herein, inspired by the unique natural structure of plant leaves, multicolor micro‐texture‐based physical unclonable functions (PUFs) fluorescence glass labels (MTPLs) are exploited by using ultraviolet photocurable silica nanocomposites and soft replication method. It is the first time that simultaneous rare‐earth ion (RE3+) space‐selective doping and bionic micro‐texture replication onto transparent glass have been realized, in which the doping position and fluorescence color of RE3+ and height information of unclonable micro‐texture can be selectively equipped for multilevel information encryption. The prepared micro‐scale MTPLs are endowed with tunable multilevel authentication models, including macro‐scale multicolor fluorescent 2D patterns, micro‐scale pattern, color 3D information and intelligence authentication. A high‐performance anti‐counterfeiting platform with interactive authentication is also established based on the high robustness and security of MTPLs. Such unclonable bionic MTPLs based on RE3+ space‐selective doping and micro‐texture duplication provide an effective and potentially universal approach for multilevel encryption and intelligent authentication.
Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction is Associated with Reduced Hematoma Growth in Fast Bleeding Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Qi , Morotti Andrea , Warren Andrew , Qureshi Adnan I , Dowlatshahi Dar , Falcone Guido , Sheth Kevin N. , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Murthy Santosh B. , Viswanathan Anand , Goldstein Joshua N.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at the highest risk of hematoma growth are those with the most potential to benefit from anti‐expansion treatment. Large clinical trials have not definitively shown a clear benefit of blood pressure (BP) reduction. We aim to determine whether intensive blood pressure reduction could benefit patients with fast bleeding ICH.

Methods

An exploratory analysis of data from the Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage 2 (ATACH‐2) randomized controlled trial was performed. In order to capture not just early bleeding (even if a small amount), but the rate of bleeding (ml/hour), we restricted the study to “Fast bleeding ICH,” defined as an ICH volume/onset to computed tomography (CT) time >5 ml/hr. Hematoma growth, as defined as an increase of hematoma volume > 33% between baseline and 24 hours.

Results

A total of 940 patients were included (mean age = 62.1 years, 61.5% men), of whom 214 (22.8%) experienced hematoma expansion. Of these, 567 (60.3%) met the definition of “fast bleeding” with baseline ICH volume/time to presentation of at least 5 ml/hr. Intensive BP reduction was associated with a significantly lower rate of hematoma growth in fast bleeding patients (20.6% vs 31.0%, p = 0.005). In a subgroup of 266 (46.9%) fast‐bleeding patients who received treatment within 2 hours after symptom onset, intensive BP lowering was associated with improved functional independence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–3.69, p = 0.031).

Interpretation

Our results suggest that early use of intensive BP reduction may reduce hematoma growth and improve outcome in fast bleeding patients. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:129–136
Boosting the “Solid–Liquid–Solid” Conversion Reaction via Bifunctional Carbonate‐Based Electrolyte for Ultra‐long‐life Potassium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ye Shufen , Yao Nan , Chen Xiang , Ma Mingze , Wang Lifeng , Chen Zhihao , Yao Yu , Zhang Qiang , Yu Yan
Published: September 2023

Potassium–sulfur (K−S) batteries have attracted wide attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the intractable shuttle effect of K polysulfides results in poor cyclability of K−S batteries, which severely limits their practical application. Herein, a bifunctional concentrated electrolyte (3 mol L−1 potassium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in ethylene carbonate (EC)) with high ionic conductivity and low viscosity is developed to regulate the dissolution behavior of polysulfides and induce uniform K deposition. The organic groups in the cathode electrolyte interphase layer derived from EC can effectively block the polysulfide shuttle and realize a “solid–liquid–solid” reaction mechanism. The KF‐riched solid‐electrolyte interphase inhibits K dendrite growth during cycling. As a result, the achieved K−S batteries display a high reversible capacity of 654 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 800 cycles and a long lifespan over 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1.
Epidemiological survey of feline viral infectious diseases in China from 2018 to 2020
Authors: Cao Longlong , Chen Qingxiu , Ye Zijun , Li Jiakang , Zhang Yan , Wang Ying , Chen Linwen , Chen Zhangbiao , Jin Jianyun , Cao Shengbo , Zhao Hongjin , Li Qiuyan , Zhou Dengyuan
Published: September 2023

To analyze the prevalence of feline viral diseases in China, including feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV‐1), and feline coronavirus (FCoV) infectious diseases from 2018 to 2020, swab samples from 304 cats and serum samples from 193 cats in 18 cities were collected. The etiological investigation results of 304 cats showed that 256 (84.21%) cats were positive, infected with at least one virus, and the positive rates for FPV, FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV were 61.51%, 10.86%, 4.61%, and 55.92%, respectively. The mixed infection exhibited high complexity, and a total of eight mixed infection patterns were detected. The risk factor analysis of each pathogen in different clinical scenarios indicated that FPV positive status was significantly related to all the studied diseases, FCV positive status exhibited the most significant association with gingivostomatitis and conjunctivitis, and FHV‐1 positive status was significantly related to upper respiratory tract disease, but FCoV positive status was not significantly related to any disease. Additionally, the prevalence of FPV exhibited a strong seasonality and was related to age, while the prevalence of FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV had nothing to do with season or age. FCV infection was sex related in cats, whereas the prevalence of FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV was not sex related. FPV, FCV, FHV‐1, and FCoV were unrelated to breed or residential density. Antibody detection results of 193 serum samples by the virus neutralizing method indicated that the current commercial vaccines might not protect hosts against wild strains of FPV, FCV, and FHV‐1 in China. In general, this study enriches epidemiological survey data of common viral diseases in cats in China and provides a theoretical basis for further development of vaccines.
Plastic Chip Electrode: An Emerging Multipurpose Electrode Platform
Authors: Patel Kinjal B. , Luhar Sunil , Srivastava Divesh N.
Published: September 2023

The properties of electrodes play a crucial role in the processes occurring on them. Therefore, a variety of materials have been tried as electrodes. Carbon composite materials are among the most admired ones. Use of composites as electrode material dates back to the mid of the last century when polymer‐carbon composites were tried as general‐purpose electrode platforms and epoxy impregnated graphite paste/ solid electrodes were tried in polarography. Later the composite electrodes have seen several phases of development. Plastic Chip Electrode (PCE) is a class of polymer composite electrode developed by our group. This monographic review gives a bird‘s eye account of polymer composite electrodes and appurtenant work, followed by elaborating on various aspects and state‐of‐the‐art plastic chip electrodes.
Advances in Continuous Flow Fluorination Reactions
Authors: Lee Tsz Chun , Tong Yi , Fu Wai Chung
Published: September 2023

Fluorination reactions are important in constructing organofluorine motifs, which contribute to favorable biological properties in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, fluorination reagents and reactions are associated with various problems, such as their hazardous nature, high exothermicity, and poor selectivity and scalability. Continuous flow has emerged as a transformative technology to provide many advantages relative to batch syntheses. This review article summarizes recent continuous flow techniques that address the limitations and challenges of fluorination reactions. Approaches based on different flow techniques are discussed, including gas‐liquid reactions, packed‐bed reactors, in‐line purifications, streamlined multistep synthesis, large‐scale reactions well as flow photoredox‐ and electrocatalysis.
Improved long‐term outcomes after innovative preoperative evaluation and conception of precise surgery for gallbladder cancer
Authors: Jia Zi‐Yao , Zhu Yi‐Di , Wu Xiang‐Song , Yang Jing‐Xiao , Wu Wen‐Guang , Wang Xu‐An , He Min , Wang Hui , Yang Lin‐Hua , Zhang Jie , Li Xue‐Chuan , Zou Lu , Li Huai‐Feng , Zhang Fei , Bao Run‐Fa , Cui Xu‐Ya , Song Xiao‐Ling , Chen Wei , Gong Wei , Li Mao‐Lan , Liu Ying‐Bin
Published: September 2023

Background

Three‐dimensional visualization preoperative evaluation (3D‐VPE) and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) have been suggested to improve outcomes of cancer surgery in patients, yet little is known regarding their clinical benefit in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC). We hypothesized that the combination of 3D‐VPE and ERAS would improve the outcome of patients undergoing surgery for GBC.

Objective

This study aimed to determine if 3D‐VPE and ERAS can improve the outcomes and overall survival in patients with GBC, establishing a novel patient management strategy for GBC.

Methods

A total of 227 patients with GBC were recruited and divided into two groups: those who received traditional treatment between January 2000 and December 2010 (n = 86; the control group) and those who underwent 3D‐VPE and ERAS between January 2011 and December 2017 (n = 141). Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the relationship among disease stages, lymph node invasion, and cell differentiation between the two groups. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate patient survival in these groups.

Results

Patients who underwent 3D‐VPE and ERAS showed a significantly higher R0 resection rate (67.4% vs. 20.9%, p < 0.001) and dissected lymph node number (26.6 ± 12.6 vs. 16.3 ± 7.6 p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The median survival was 27.4 months, and the 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates were 84.4% and 29.8%, respectively, in patients who received combined management; in the control cohort, the median survival was 12.7 months, and the 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates were 53.5% and 15.1%, respectively. In addition, some postoperative complications and risk factors were diminished relative to the traditionally treated patients.

Conclusion

The implementation of 3D‐VPE and ERAS can significantly improve the prognosis and outcomes of patients with GBC and should be considered for wide use in clinical practice.
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma complicated by Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon in an infant girl
Authors: Helligsø Louise , Mikkelsen Torben Stamm , Hvas Anne‐Mette
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

We report a successful treatment course of an infant with mediastinal Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. As the current complex of diseases is rare and calls for highly specialized treatment, large prospective studies are lacking. This case provides an example of balanced treatment complicated by Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon, life‐threatening infections, and pericardial effusion.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma are vascular benign tumors that can be associated with the rare condition Kasabach–Merritt Phenomenon (KMP). KMP is characterized by consumption coagulopathy with severe thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, and elevated D‐dimer. We here report successful treatment of a female infant with a mediastinal KHE where treatment was complicated by KMP, life‐threatening infections, and pericardial effusion. Due to the absence of randomized clinical trials, there is currently no standardized treatment protocol available for KHE. In our case, the infant was treated successfully with prednisolone, vincristine, and sirolimus.
“Holographic” Autostereoscopic Displays: A Perspective on Their Technology and Potential Impact in Chemistry
Authors: Svatunek Dennis
Published: September 2023

The three‐dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules is essential for understanding their properties and behavior. Traditional 2D representations and digital 3D models presented on 2D media often fall short in conveying the complexity of molecular structures. Autostereoscopic displays, often marketed as “holographic” displays, pose a potential solution to this challenge. These displays, with their multi‐view and single‐view configurations, promise to advance chemistry education and research by offering accurate 3D representations with depth and parallax. In this perspective, I delve into the possibilities and limitations of autostereoscopic displays in chemistry, discussing the underlying technology and potential applications, from research to teaching and science communication. Multi‐view autostereoscopic displays excel in facilitating collaborative work by enabling multiple viewers to simultaneously perceive the same 3D structure from different angles. However, they currently suffer from low resolution and high cost, which could limit their immediate widespread adoption. Conversely, single‐view autostereoscopic displays with eye‐tracking, while limited to one viewer at a time, provide higher resolution at a lower cost, thus suggesting that they might become the technology of the future given the balance of price to performance. Despite current limitations, autostereoscopic displays possess undeniable potential for shaping the future of chemistry education and research.
Beta Amyloid Oligomers with Higher Cytotoxicity have Higher Sidechain Dynamics
Authors: Yeh Chen‐Tsen , Chang Han‐Wen , Hsu Wen‐Hsin , Huang Shing‐Jong , Wu Meng‐Hsin , Tu Ling‐Hsien , Lee Ming‐Che , Chan Jerry Chun Chung
Published: September 2023

The underlying biophysical principle governing the cytotoxicity of the oligomeric aggregates of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides has long been an enigma. Here we show that the size of Aβ40 oligomers can be actively controlled by incubating the peptides in reverse micelles. Our approach allowed for the first time a detailed comparison of the structures and dynamics of two Aβ40 oligomers of different sizes, viz., 10 and 23 nm, by solid‐state NMR. From the chemical shift data, we infer that the conformation and/or the chemical environments of the residues from K16 to K28 are different between the 10‐nm and 23‐nm oligomers. We find that the 10‐nm oligomers are more cytotoxic, and the molecular motion of the sidechain of its charged residue K16 is more dynamic. Interestingly, the residue A21 exhibits unusually high structural rigidity. Our data raise an interesting possibility that the cytotoxicity of Aβ40 oligomers could also be correlated to the motional dynamics of the sidechains.
Representative velocity scale of Rayleigh‐Bénard convection with shear‐thinning fluids
Authors: Masuda Hayato , Iyota Hiroyuki , Ohta Mitsuhiro
Published: September 2023

Although natural convection is frequently encountered in various chemical processes, Rayleigh number (Ra) cannot be defined fully in shear‐thinning fluid systems. In particular, the velocity scale, which is necessary to estimate the effective viscosity of the system, should be discussed carefully. Thus, in this study, the representative velocity scale of Rayleigh‐Bénard (RB) convection, which is a typical example of natural convection, with shear‐thinning fluids was investigated based on the velocity fields obtained using computational fluid dynamics. Numerical simulations revealed that the critical temperature difference at which RB convection starts to fully develop decreases with an increase in the shear‐thinning property. The shear‐thinning property also induced subcritical bifurcation. In addition, the velocity scale of convection increases with an increase in the shear‐thinning property. Thus, the shear‐thinning property is considered to accelerate convection. Compared with several types of velocity scales used by other researchers, significant deviations from the actual scale were observed. Therefore, a new type of velocity scale, including the buoyant to viscous force ratio, arbitrary parameter, and thermal diffusivity, was proposed. The proposed velocity scale allowed an approximate estimation of the actual velocity scale. Although further investigation of the validity is necessary with varying geometries and rheological parameters, this velocity scale will be useful for controlling RB convection with Newtonian/shear‐thinning fluids.
Reduced myocardial work in asymptomatic heavy alcohol use and its correlation with epicardial adipose tissue volume and serum biomarkers
Authors: Gao Canran , Yin Jie , Hu Tingting , Liu Shuai , Zhao Xihai , Ding Haiyan , Lin Xue , Fang Ligang
Published: September 2023

Background

It is unclear whether long‐term heavy alcohol use leads to early cardiac function decline.

Hypothesis

Long‐term heavy alcohol use developed reduced cardiac function in subclinical status by analyzing myocardial work (MW). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and serum biomarkers contribute to identify potential factors sensitive in predicting early cardiac function decline.

Methods

We enrolled 31 asymptomatic participants with heavy alcohol use and 33 age and sex‐matching nondrinking individuals. Participants underwent echocardiography, MW analysis, EAT volume measurement, serum biochemical examinations, and body composition assessment. We used multivariate linear regression to identify correlation between MW and total cholesterol (TC), EAT volume, and placental growth factor (PlGF). To determine global work efficiency (GWE) below the normal reference value of 96%, we developed receiver operating curves with area under curve (AUC) to compare different combinations of TC, EAT volume, and PlGF.

Results

All 64 participants were male. GWE was reduced in the alcohol use group compared with the control group (96, interquartile range [IQR] = [95–97.75] vs. 97, IQR = [97–98], p = .004). TC was positively associated with GWE (β = .434, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.228 to 1.328, p = .008), whereas EAT volume (β = −.398, 95% CI = −0.000446 to −0.000093, p = .005) and PlGF (β = −.493, 95% CI = −1.010 to −0.230, p = .004) were inversely associated with GWE. The most significant AUC for reduced GWE was TC + EAT volume (0.851, 95% CI = 0.671 to 1, p = .006).

Conclusion

Asymptomatic heavy alcohol use has shown early reduced cardiac function which can be associated with altered fat metabolism, suggesting individuals with alcohol use and abnormal fat metabolism need to be alert to heart damage.
Development and Crosslinking Properties of Psoralen‐Conjugated Triplex‐Forming Oligonucleotides as Antigene Tools Targeting Genome DNA
Authors: Mikame Yu , Eshima Honoka , Toyama Haruki , Nakao Juki , Matsuo Misaki , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Hari Yoshiyuki , Komano Jun A. , Yamayoshi Asako
Published: September 2023

Psoralen‐conjugated triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (Ps‐TFOs) have been utilized for genome editing and anti‐gene experiments for over thirty years. However, the research on Ps‐TFOs employing artificial nucleotides is still limited, and their photo‐crosslinking properties have not been thoroughly investigated in relation to biological activities. In this study, we extensively examined the photo‐crosslinking properties of Ps‐TFOs to provide fundamental insights for future Ps‐TFO design. We developed novel Ps‐TFOs containing 2′‐O,4′‐C‐methylene‐bridged nucleic acids (Ps‐LNA‐mixmer) and investigated their photo‐crosslinking properties using stable cell lines that express firefly luciferase constitutively to evaluate the anti‐gene activities of Ps‐LNA‐mixmer. As a result, Ps‐LNA‐mixmer successfully demonstrated suppression activity, and we presented the first‐ever correlation between photo‐crosslinking properties and their activities. Our findings also indicate that the photo‐crosslinking process is insufficient under cell irradiation conditions (365 nm, 2 mW/cm2, 60 min). Therefore, our results highlight the need to develop new psoralen derivatives that are more reactive under cell irradiation conditions.
A case report of esophageal cancer in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris: A coincidence or something beyond that?
Authors: Balighi Kamran , Aryanian Zeinab , Balighi Shadi , Etesami Ifa , Hatami Parvaneh
Published: September 2023

Background

Pemphigus is a group of rare but serious autoimmune blistering disorders, affecting skin and mucus membrane. Different reports have been published in respect to the coexistence of pemphigus with neoplasms, especially lympho‐proliferative ones.

Case

Here, we have reported a patient previously diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) who developed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Conclusion

Dyspepsia and dysphagia in patients with PV might not be merely due to pemphigus erosions or simply an adverse effect of systemic corticosteroid such as irritant or candidal esophagitis and should raise the suspicion of more serious conditions in case of resistant symptoms without appropriate response to treatment.
Phase diagram and topological expansion in the complex quartic random matrix model
Authors: Bleher Pavel , Gharakhloo Roozbeh , McLaughlin Kenneth T‐R
Published: September 2023

We use the Riemann–Hilbert approach, together with string and Toda equations, to study the topological expansion in the quartic random matrix model. The coefficients of the topological expansion are generating functions for the numbers of 4‐valent connected graphs with j vertices on a compact Riemann surface of genus g. We explicitly evaluate these numbers for Riemann surfaces of genus 0,1,2, and 3. Also, for a Riemann surface of an arbitrary genus g, we calculate the leading term in the asymptotics of as the number of vertices tends to infinity. Using the theory of quadratic differentials, we characterize the critical contours in the complex parameter plane where phase transitions in the quartic model take place, thereby proving a result of David. These phase transitions are of the following four types: (a) one‐cut to two‐cut through the splitting of the cut at the origin, (b) two‐cut to three‐cut through the birth of a new cut at the origin, (c) one‐cut to three‐cut through the splitting of the cut at two symmetric points, and (d) one‐cut to three‐cut through the birth of two symmetric cuts.
Pharmacokinetics of Alglucosidase Alfa Manufactured at the 4000‐L Scale in Participants with Pompe Disease: A Phase 3/4 Open‐Label Study
Authors: Nicolas Xavier , Hurbin Fabrice , Periquet Magali , Richards Susan , Sensinger Charlotte , Welch Karen , An Haack Kristina
Published: September 2023

Pompe disease is a rare, autosomal recessive, degenerative neuromuscular disease caused by deficiency of acid α‐glucosidase, a lysosomal enzyme that degrades α‐1,4 and α‐1,6 linkages in glycogen. The objectives of this study (PAPAYA; NCT01410890) were to (1) characterize the pharmacokinetics of 20 mg/kg body weight alglucosidase alfa manufactured at the 4000‐L scale following a single intravenous dose in participants aged less than 18 and 18 years or older with Pompe disease and (2) evaluate the relationship between anti–alglucosidase alfa antibody titers and the pharmacokinetics of alglucosidase alfa. Mean maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration–time curve from time zero and extrapolated to infinite time were 204 μg/mL and 1110 μg • h/mL for participants aged less than 18 years (n = 10), respectively, and 307 μg/mL and 1890 μg • h/mL for participants aged 18 years or older (n = 10), respectively. Mean terminal half‐life was 5.43 hours in participants aged less than 18 years with a high variability (70%) and 3.84 hours in participants aged 18 years or older with a low variability (21%). Mean maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration–time curve from time zero and extrapolated to infinite time were 256 μg/mL and 1452 μg • h/mL, respectively, in anti–alglucosidase alfa–negative participants (n = 12) and 262 μg/mL and 1703 μg • h/mL, respectively, in anti–alglucosidase alfa–positive participants (n = 7). The study findings enrich available data from existing information on alglucosidase alfa without changing its known risks and benefits.
Tuning the Composition and Structure of Ni@MoC Nanosheets for Highly Active and Stable Electrocatalysis in Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chi Weimeng , Zhang Baiqing , Yin Zhuoxun , Ma Xinzhi , Zhou Yang , Chen Wei , Xu Lingling , Li Jinlong
Published: September 2023

The conventional electrolytic water‐splitting process for hydrogen production is plagued by high energy consumption, low efficiency, and the requirement of expensive catalysts. Therefore, finding effective, affordable, and stable catalysts to drive this reaction is urgently needed. We report a nanosheet catalyst composed of carbon nanotubes encapsulated with MoC/Mo2C, the Ni@MoC‐700 nanosheet showcases low overpotentials of 275 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction and 173 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction at a current density of 10 mA ⋅ cm−2. Particularly noteworthy is its outstanding performance in a two‐electrode system, where a cell potential of merely 1.64 V is sufficient to achieve the desired current density of 10 mA ⋅ cm−2. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates exceptional durability, maintaining its activity over a continuous operation of 40 hours with only minimal attenuation in overpotential. These outstanding activity levels and long‐term stability unequivocally highlight the promising potential of the Ni@MoC‐700 catalyst for large‐scale water‐splitting applications.
Capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of therapeutic peptides—A review
Authors: Stefanik Ondrej , Majerova Petra , Kovac Andrej , Mikus Peter , Piestansky Juraj
Published: September 2023

Therapeutic peptides are a growing class of innovative drugs with high efficiency and a low risk of adverse effects. These biomolecules fall within the molecular mass range between that of small molecules and proteins. However, their inherent instability and potential for degradation underscore the importance of reliable and effective analytical methods for pharmaceutical quality control, therapeutic drug monitoring, and compliance testing. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has long time been the “gold standard” conventional method for peptide analysis, but capillary electrophoresis (CE) is increasingly being recognized as a complementary and, in some cases, superior, highly efficient, green, and cost‐effective alternative technique. CE can separate peptides composed of different amino acids owing to differences in their net charge and size, determining their migration behavior in an electric field. This review provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic peptides that have been used in the clinical environment for the last 25 years. It describes the properties, classification, current trends in development, and clinical use of therapeutic peptides. From the analytical point of view, it discusses the challenges associated with the analysis of therapeutic peptides in pharmaceutical and biological matrices, as well as the evaluation of CE as a whole and the comparison with LC methods. The article also highlights the use of microchip electrophoresis, nonaqueous CE, and nonconventional hydrodynamically closed CE systems and their applications. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of developing new CE‐based analytical methods to ensure the high quality, safety, and efficacy of therapeutic peptides in clinical practice.
Numerical simulation of nanofluid in central tube of solar collector by two‐phase mixture approach
Authors: Amraee Ali Asghar , Yazdi Mohammad Eftekhari , Lavasani Arash Mirabdolah
Published: September 2023

In this study, a new idea was proposed to enhance the direct absorption of radiation by the nanofluid by incorporating a central absorber copper tube. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were used as the nanofluid with mass percentages of 0.05%, 0.055%, and 0.01% by weight, mixed with an oil‐based fluid. The absorption coefficients were varied in the range of 10, 40, and 100. The performance of the collector was compared to experimental and numerical data from other literature. Based on the results, the presence of the central copper tube inside the absorber tube of the collector led to higher radiation absorption under the same conditions compared to the nanofluid alone. In the case of the highest nanofluid composition (0.055% by weight), the thermal efficiency increased by up to 7% compared to a standard direct absorption collector.For an absorption coefficient of 10, the proposed collector exhibited the largest difference in output temperature compared to the usual volumetric absorption collector (DATPSC), with a temperature difference of approximately 23 K. To obtain more accurate results, the fluid domain in the parabolic collector with the new configuration was numerically investigated using ANSYS software.
WENO smoothness indicator based troubled‐cell indicator for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Arun K. R. , Dond Asha K. , Kumar Rakesh
Published: September 2023

Hybrid algorithms are an efficient and popular choice for computing the solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws. In general, hybrid algorithms involve low‐cost high‐order accurate schemes in smooth regions and non‐oscillatory shock‐capturing schemes in the vicinity of discontinuities. Troubled‐cell indicators which measure the smoothness of the solution play a significant role in the efficiency of hybrid algorithms. This article proposes a new troubled‐cell indicator utilising the smoothness indicators of WENO schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws. The proposed troubled‐cell indicators are simple, efficient, effective, and are used to construct three new adaptive WENO algorithms of high‐order accuracy. The hybrid algorithms developed are independent of the order and type of the WENO reconstruction. For demonstration, we have considered the fifth and seventh order WENO‐Z reconstruction. The first two algorithms have comparable accuracy and resolution of the solution across discontinuities to that of the WENO‐Z scheme but at a less computational cost. The third algorithm ensures the convergence of the proposed scheme to the correct entropy solution when applied to a hyperbolic conservation law with non‐convex flux for which the WENO schemes fail. We have performed several 1D and 2D numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and their performance compared with the WENO‐Z schemes. The proposed algorithms are efficient and take 30%–75% less computational time than the WENO‐Z schemes while retaining the advantages of WENO‐Z schemes.
Quinoa dough fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria: Changes in saponin, phytic acid content, and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Arjmand Sanaz , Mollakhalili‐Meybodi Neda , Akrami Mohajeri Fateme , Madadizadeh Farzan , Khalili Sadrabad Elham
Published: September 2023

The effects of two fermentation processes (common fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fermentation by Lacticaseibacillus casei subsp. casei PTCC 1608 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum PTCC 1745) on pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, saponin content, as well as phytic acid content of quinoa dough were investigated during the 24‐h fermentation (4‐h interval). According to the results, the highest titratable acidity was observed in the samples fermented by L. casei subsp. casei. Moreover, the highest antioxidant capacity was observed after 12 h of fermentation by L. plantarum subsp. plantarum (31.22% for DPPH, 104.67% for FRAP) due to a higher concentration of phenolic compounds produced (170.5% for total phenolic content). Also, all samples have been able to reduce saponin by 67% on average. Furthermore, the samples fermented by L. plantarum subsp. plantarum showed the most significant decrease in phytic acid content (64.64%) during 24‐h fermentation. By considering the reduction of the antinutritional compounds and improvement in the antioxidant properties of quinoa flour, the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain was recommended.