bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Sandstone using non-Destructive Method
Authors: Rajaoalison H. , Zlotkowski A. , Rambolamanana G.
Published: May 2020

The understanding of physical and mechanical properties of rock is considered as critical in drilling, geo-engineering, and construction applications. As an example, the awareness of these rock parameters contributes to avoid or minimizing instability around the wellbore while drilling. The laboratory experiment of understanding of these parameters can be done in two-different ways: static, where the sample subjects to destruction after the test and dynamic, known as non-destruction method. The non-destructive method using ultrasonic waves under a series of different stress conditions, starting from 7 to 56 MPa with incrementation of 7MPa, has been used in this paper in order to characterize the mechanical properties of dry Zbylutów sandstone at 20 and 80°C. The velocity of primary (P) and secondary (S) waves within these ranges has been recorded in order to understand the behavior of the mechanical properties. The results showed that the Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Lame’s constant of Zbylutów sandstone have a positive correlation with good coefficient correlation with the increased stress, while the Poisson’s ratio showed a negative correlation. Besides, the effect of temperature on the rock parameters is approved by the decrease of primary wave velocity in this two-different temperature range. Such results are necessary when preparing the appropriate mud weight for drilling process, which is related to wellbore instability.
Priority parameters of physical processes in a rock mass when determining the safety of radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Gupalo V.
Published: May 2020

Consideration of geodynamic, hydrogeochemical, erosion and other quantitative characteristics describing evolutionary processes in a rock mass is carried out when choosing a geological formation for the disposal of radioactive waste. However, the role of various process parameters is not equal for safety ensuring and additional percentages of measurement accuracy are far from always being of fundamental importance. This makes it necessary to identify various types of indicators of the geological environment that determine the safety of radioactive waste disposal for their detailed study in the conditions of the burial site.An approach is proposed to determine the priority indicators of physical processes in the rock mass that determine the safety of disposal of various types of radioactive waste and require increased attention (accuracy, frequency of measurements) when determining in-situ conditions. To identify such factors, we used the sensitivity analysis method that is a system change in the limits of variable values during security modeling in order to assess their impact on the final result and determine the role of various physical processes in ensuring safety.It is shown that the safety of isolation depends on various factors when burying "natural", "short-lived", and "long-lived" groups of nuclides. The factors that greatly affect safety when disposing of radioactive waste of these types are highlighted. The list of parameters of the geological environment that characterize the priority mechanisms of localization of various types of radionuclide contamination during burial and requiring the most detailed determination in full-scale conditions is defined.
Prospects for industrial methane production in the mine n.a. V.M.Bazhanov using vertical surface wells
Authors: Alab'ev V. , Ashihmin V. , Plaksienko O. , Tishin R.
Published: May 2020

The estimated methane resources in the coal stratum of Donbass are 798.5 billion m3, including 119.5 billion m3 in the Donetsk-Makeevsky area. Such significant potential implies that methane can be used not only for industrial production and energy purposes but also as a commodity for the chemical industry. However, in practice, commercial production of methane from coal seams, as is done in the fields of the USA, Canada, India, and China, is not carried out, and methane, obtained as a by-product, is utilized for ensuring the safety of the main technological processes for coal mining. The main reasons for this are the difficult mining and geological conditions of bedding, low thickness and permeability, which does not allow to separate methane production into an independent type of activity due to its low profitability, especially with the use of new technologies based on hydraulic fracturing of coal seams.The assessment of the possibility of industrial methane production in the mine n.a. V.M.Bazhanov in the Donetsk-Makeevsky area of Donbass, which reserves equal to 23.7 billion m3, showed that a significant part of the methane reserves is concentrated in coal seams and interlayers with a gas content of 18.5-20.7 m3/m3. Moreover, in the host rocks, methane is practically in a liberated state. This circumstance makes possible the commercial production of methane for its utilization from the unloaded rock mass by wells drilled from the surface, without the use of hydraulic fracturing technology.The paper discusses the technology of methane extraction by a degassing well drilled from the surface into a coal-bearing stratum unloaded from rock pressure in a mining field of the 4th eastern face of the m3 seam of the mine n.a. V.M.Bazhanov and its subsequent use as the fuel of an electric generator. It is shown that over the entire period of operation of the pilot well, the volume of actually produced methane exceeded the design value by 23 %, and the cost of the gas produced amounted to 1535 rubles per 1000 m3, which is more than 3 times lower than the market price for natural gas for consumers in the Russian Federation. This made it possible to make a conclusion about the possibility of industrial extraction of mine methane using vertical surface wells for its subsequent utilization in power plants, which does not imply the usage of hydraulic fracturing technology.
O direito à transexualidade:
Authors: Vieira Artur Alves Pinho , Salgado Queiroz João Guilherme
Published: May 2020

O presente estudo pretende analisar as serventias extrajudiciais como uma forma alternativa de promoção da justiça, afinal, a morosidade do judiciário na prestação da tutela jurisdicional faz com que os direitos pleiteados se encontrem em risco de perecimento. Para isso, analisa-se alguns aspectos do acesso à justiça, que é fundamental em um estado democrático de direito. E mais, analisa-se também algumas atividades desenvolvidas pelas serventias extrajudiciais, de forma a apurar se estas possuem as atribuições necessárias para a prestação de um serviço de qualidade, o qual possa promover um verdadeiro e efetivo acesso à justiça. Para contribuir, o estudo também traz recente caso de real progresso quanto a facilitação do reconhecimento de direitos, qual seja a possibilidade de alteração de nome e gênero no próprio assentamento de registro civil, demonstrando a amplitude do acesso à justiça e o reconhecimento de meios alternativos mais céleres.
Reforming Masculinity? The SSR-Induced Change of Violence-Centred Masculinities in the Liberian Security Sector
Authors: Quest Hendrik
Published: May 2020

When it comes to understanding how peacebuilding affects violence-centred masculinities that emerge during civil wars, the literature on gender and post-conflict reconstruction reveals large gaps. To address this shortcoming, the article analyses the way in which security sector reform (SSR) in Liberia has changed institutional practices of masculinity within the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) and the Liberian National Police (LNP). Based on interviews conducted during field research in Monrovia in 2017 and the analysis of policy documents, the author shows that, indeed, SSR has contributed to a change of violence-centred masculinities in both institutions. Women are now, to some extent, accepted as part of both organisations. Sometimes they are even regarded as crucial for mission success. Institutionally, citizen orientation has replaced the practice to abuse civilians and, in the case of the AFL, there are now procedures in place that allow for a prosecution of sexual violence. The Liberian case shows that for changes to occur, especially disarmament and demobilisation, vetting, and the development and reinforcement of new institutional cultures via training and legislation are essential.
Die Janusköpfigkeit militärischer Gewalt: Zur Einhegung von Verletzbarkeit und Verletzungsmacht durch mexikanische Soldatinnen*
Authors: Thiel Louise
Published: May 2020

Das Erkenntnisinteresse dieses Artikels gilt dem Zusammenhang zwischen Gewalt und Geschlechterbeziehungen im Militärischen. In der symbolischen Ordnung ist Gewalt dichotom in Verletzungsmacht und Verletzbarkeit organisiert, diese Dichotomie ist zudem tiefgreifend mit der Kategorie Geschlecht verknüpft. Welche Verschiebungen in der geschlechtlich strukturierten, militärischen Gewaltorganisation zieht die Einbindung von Frauen* in mexikanische Kampfeinheiten nach sich? Die zugrundeliegende qualitative Studie erforscht, wie Soldatinnen in die mexikanischen Streitkräfte eingebunden werden, welche Einhegung ihre soldatische Verletzbarkeit erfährt und inwiefern sie sich Verletzungsmacht aneignen. Als zentrales Ergebnis wird herausgearbeitet, dass mit der militärischen Einbindung von Frauen* eine Verschiebung in der vergeschlechtlichten Ordnung der Gewalt konstatiert werden kann: Die mexikanischen Kampfsoldatinnen haben sich erfolgreich eine soldatische Subjektposition angeeignet und sind weit in die bislang männlich konnotierte Sphäre der soldatischen Verletzungsmacht vorgedrungen. Gleichzeitig sind die Bewegungen in der Beziehung von Gewalt und Geschlecht im Militärischen deutlich von Ambivalenzen gekennzeichnet, denn es werden auch neue Grenzen gezogen.
A review of applications of Raman spectroscopy in immunology
Authors: Chaudhary Neha , Wynne Claire , Meade Aidan D.
Published: May 2020

Vibrational spectroscopic techniques have recently gained increasing clinical importance as non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive methods to obtain information on the content of biological samples. For some time Raman spectroscopy has been involved in preclinical applications, mainly in the cancer space, with evolving applications towards new horizons in the dermatology and companion diagnostics arena. It is attractive as an analytical technique due to its exquisite sensitivity, label-free operation and low water detectivity such that in-vivo applications are possible. In cytometry, Raman spectroscopy has been applied to the analysis of single cells providing a label-free alternative to cell classification approaches in the laboratory. In this review we collate in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo examples of research using Raman spectroscopy for the detection, quantification and analysis of immune signaling at the cellular level. While cancer biology has recently focussed on the role of immunological signals in the development of the disease, it is timely to examine these applications as research in this space evolves.
Neuro-fuzzy based fusion of LiDAR and ultrasonic sensors to minimize error in range estimation for the navigation of mobile robots
Authors: Adarsh S. , Ramachandran K.I.
Published: May 2020

Multi sensor data fusion plays a significant role in addressing the research problems for mobile robot navigation. In this paper, a fusion procedure was developed, based on an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), which fuses the data from ultrasonic and LiDAR sensors for a better range estimation as well as environment perception. The root mean square error analysis between the measured and actual distance across different experiment trials indicates that, ultrasonic sensor could provide the data with a root mean square error (RMSE) which varies between 0.3118 cm and 4.9953 cm, whereas the LiDAR sensor could provide the same between 5.1503 cm and 10.4773 cm over 0–4 m range. The RMSE of the proposed fusion algorithm varies between 3.4831 cm and 6.1471 cm. It can be observed that, the fusion process could reduce the mean square error present with the high cost LiDAR sensing system by one-half, while fusing it with the low cost ultrasonic sensing system. The fusion algorithm discussed in this paper provides a guidance to define various operating/safety zones for initiating necessary control action during the navigation of the mobile robots.
Biomarkers Towards New Era of Therapeutics for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mizuno Ryuichi , Oya Mototsugu
Published: May 2020

With the improved knowledge of molecular oncology and the introduction of targeted therapies as well as immunotherapies, there has been significant progress in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). At present, treatment decisions are still made mainly based on clinical factors because no validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers for mRCC exist. Currently, inflammatory markers, genetic markers, and immune checkpoint molecules are candidate biomarkers for more personalized treatment of mRCC. RCC has been considered to be an inflammatory tumor and its underlying inflammatory mechanism would play some roles in forming resistance to systemic therapy. The von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL) gene is inactivated by either mutation or methylation in over 80% of clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Thus, most, if not all, ccRCC may have deregulation of the VHL pathway. For some reason, VHL status is difficult to use as a prognostic marker. Polybromo 1 ( PBRM1) is the second most frequently mutated gene in ccRCC and loss of function mutations in the PBRM1 gene have been shown to be associated with improved survival in patients with mRCC treated with systemic therapies. The expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells in RCC seems to be associated with a higher tumor stage, a worse response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, and a worse prognosis. Future challenges are required to develop and validate predictive biomarkers in order to establish a more personalized treatment for mRCC.
Menggali Dan Menemukan Konsep Maqasid Syari’ah Dalam Pohon Ilmu Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Ma'rifah Nurul
Published: May 2020

Hukum Islam merupakan hukum yang dianut dan dijalankan oleh masyarakat Islam berdasarkan pada hukum syara’, illat-illat dan hikmah pembuatannya, dengan kata lain hukum Islam harus sejalan dengan maqasid syari’ah yang senantiasa berdasarkan pada kemaslahatan manusia. Sasaran Islam adalah dasar perundangan dan target moral yang paling luhur. Dasar yang bersifat moral ini berdasarkan kepada sikap menghormati kehidupan, melanggengkan kebaikan, dan memusnahkan kejahatan. Dari dasar ini ditegaskan dua hal berikut:Pertama, penegasan yang mendalam akan pekerjaan dan kehidupan. Penegasan ini menyimpulkan bahwa manusia harus bekerja demi menjaga agama, hidup, harta, keturunan, dan akalnya.Kedua, target maksimal yang termasuk faktor yang bersifat moralitas. Apabila penegasan pertama merupakan inti kehidupan maka penegasan kedua ini merupakan inti agama. Harta dan cara menghasilkannya dengan cara yang halal, serta menjaganya merupakan tujuan utama kehidupan
Implementasi Moderasi Pendidikan Islam Rahmatallil ’Alamin dengan Nilai-Nilai Islam
Authors: Karim Hamdi Abdul
Published: May 2020

The moderation of Islamic education has given birth to a great civilization with an extraordinary spectrum that astonishes the world. The rules of the value of Islamic teachings that display moderation in its most beautiful format have made it very easily accepted by every human layer. Moderation in Islam has given a "guarantee" of eternal space to the teachings of this religion until the end of time. The main constancy and flexibility in the branch of Islamic teachings, makes it always able to adapt to any situation in all times and times "shalehun li kulli era wa makan". Strict basic teachings (tsawabit) and flexible branches (murunah) have provided such a wide space for the existence of ijtihad in Islam that we can be sure that this teaching has not experienced chaos. This moderation of Islam that is "built in" God promises to make this religion superior to any religion, and to any ideology produced by humans.Islam strongly opposes the anti-moderation attitude or rather extremism (ghuluw) in any form. Ghuluw's attitude will cause negative impacts and minus excesses for individuals, families, communities, countries, and the world. Extreme attitude in religion will also have a negative impact on religion itself and will cause disasters outside the religion. Extremism (ghuluwism) will cause the-religion of-Islam to be the accused party of-the emergence of harmony among local and international communities.
CONFLICTS THE HARMONY OF MULTIETHNIC VILLAGE IN OVERCOMING
Authors: Yunita Yuyun , Nasor M , Hs MA. Achlami , Yanti Fitri
Published: May 2020

In everyday life, the basic identity of an ethnic group is often manipulated. Basic identity can possibly be deactivated, activated and also narrowed down because the basic identity is not something that is rigid like a stone but more like liquid, so it can flow and develop in order to make adjustment in life. But sometimes, the flow of basic identity can possibly crash strongly like a flood breaking the dams, and destroy everything that goes through. In certain circumstances, the basic identity which manifests its existence in the form of primodial bonds gives space to powerful emotional cohesion or excessive ethnocentrism, thus becoming a source of calamity.Based on the problems as above, multi-cultural government needs to offer an alternative based on diversity utilization in society. The importance of conducting this research is based on the objective conditions of preliminary research data, when this problem is ignored in this time, it can become a problem in the future, and conflicts can be avoided due to the application of multiethnic based areas.
Precarização das relações laborais: análise crítica sobre as disposições do teletrabalho na lei 13.467/2017
Authors: Fulgêncio de Lima Filho José Sarto , Gomes Pereira Eddla Karina
Published: May 2020

Este artigo se propõe a compreender de que maneira as transformações ocorridas nas relações de trabalho ao longo do século XX contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da regulamentação do teletrabalho por meio da Lei 13.467/2017. Consiste em uma pesquisa teórica qualitativa, com finalidade explicativa, utilizando uma abordagem dedutiva, a partir do método de procedimento histórico e da investigação bibliográfica-documental. Justifica-se o tema pela necessidade de compreender de que maneira as transformações ocorridas na produção capitalista repercutem no desenvolvimento das novas formas laborais como o teletrabalho. Conclui-se que as transformações na estrutura das relações laborais ao longo do século XX contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de modalidades de trabalho mais precárias, com vistas a jornadas de trabalho com menor fiscalização, maiores negociações individuais entre empregado e empregador e transferência dos riscos da atividade econômica ao empregado, fatos observados na regulamentação do teletrabalho pela Lei 13.467/2017.
Reforma agraria y mercado de tierras en Iberoamérica
Authors: Galán Beatriz B.
Published: May 2020

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"Ineficiencia del mercado y eficacia de las cooperativas" (Recensión)
Authors: Paniagua Zurera Manuel
Published: May 2020

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Reseñas
Authors: Camacho Laraña, S.I. Ildefonso , Morales Gutiérrez Alfonso Carlos , Rodero Franganillo Adolfo , Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan
Published: May 2020

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La política agraria en el proceso de integración europea
Authors: Moyano Eduardo
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el proceso de elaboración, aplicación y posterior reforma de la política agraria común (PAC) de la Unión Europea (UE), estudiando los factores sociales, políticos y económicos que han incidido en dicho proceso. Este análisis responde a una reflexión más general sobre las relaciones entre Estado y sociedad civil en contextos democráticos ya consolidados, como lo era el de los seis países que constituyeron la entonces denominada Comunidad Económica Europea (CEE) allá por finales de los años cincuenta –Francia, República Federal de Alemania, Italia, Bélgica, Países Bajos y Luxemburgo–, y como lo es el de los quince que componen la actual UE. En esos contextos, la formulación y puesta en marcha de políticas públicas suele tener efectos de reestructuración social al favorecer la emergencia de nuevos actores colectivos y la constitución de marcos institucionales para facilitar su participación en los procesos de toma de decisiones.
Manifiesto público sobre lo público
Authors: López Calera Nicolás María
Published: May 2020

Desde la crítica al que se ha denominado «pensamiento único», pero sin dejar por ello de reconocer la deficiente administración pública que de lo público se ha producido en los últimos lustros, el autor apuesta claramente por lo público y la gestión pública frente a la ola de privatizaciones que nos invade. Entiende que esta opción significa una apuesta por la democracia, ya que la toma de partido por lo público cuenta con dos referentes legitimadores indudables: la gestión de los asuntos comunes de la sociedad política se realiza en público y de forma más transparente, y dicha gestión de los asuntos comunes se determina por el público y para el público.
СИСТЕМНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ ЦІЛЕЙ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА, ЩО РОЗВИВАЄТЬСЯ В УМОВАХ ОБМЕЖЕНИХ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ
Authors: Федорович Олег Євгенович , Прончаков Юрій Леонідович
Published: May 2020

The task of forming the strategic goals of a developing enterprise is set and solved. The existing approaches mainly related to strategic planning without assessing enterprise reform goals feasibility are analyzed. The global goal of a developing enterprise which is decomposed to the sub-goals of the lower levels resulting in a hierarchical structure of goals is analyzed. The global goal tree is composed in a form of nested sub-goals, each of which corresponds to the direction of modernization and further requires long-term and short-term plans to be created to reform the production system. The decomposition of goals is carried out depending on the constraints of the enterprise. To make decisions on the implementation of the strategic goals of the company the already existing solutions based on the experience of domestic and foreign enterprise development are used. Ready-made solutions can only be used if they already have a positive experience in applying them as a set of measures to be taken and appropriate activities on the modernization of the production process, including production logistics. This allows optimizing the financial costs and reduces the timeline for upgrading. The possible solutions are made in the form of elements of a hierarchical precedent base (HPB) that corresponds to the tree of strategic goals of the developing enterprise. For each node of the strategic goals of the enterprise, a set of potential solutions from the practice of past positive experience is formed. If there is no set of network solutions for the reference point of strategic goals this indicates the need to either search for the new solutions or review of the current sub-goal. Each production upgrade solution requires some costs, lead times, and implementation risks and is formulated as a requirement in the HPB. A purposeful search for ready solutions for modernization is carried out using the method of lexicographic subordination of options. In case if there is no known solution for the modernization of the enterprise, the costs and timeline to fulfill the new goal in the context of increased risk are estimated. After the strategic goals tree is built, the feasibility assessment is performed based on the risk values of the individual goals. Convolution of individual risks is carried out from bottom to top, the content of decisions on individual sub-goals is considered. Also, the costs and timelines for modernization are considered to assess the overall feasibility.
我国现代企业经济管理工作中的问题和解决措施
Authors: 杨 锐军
Published: May 2020

近几年来,我国的经济高速发展,各种现代化的企业也层出不穷,随着企业的数量以及国模的不断扩大,企业之间的竞争也越来越激烈。经济管理作为企业内部管理的重要组成部分,对于完善企业的组织结构,提高企业的经营管理水平等方面意义重大。基于此,文章就企业经济管理工作的重要性、我国现代企业经济管理工作中的问题和解决措施进行了分析。
简析建筑经济管理中的招标阶段造价管理
Authors: 刘 静
Published: May 2020

在建筑经济管理中,工程造价管理往往占据着十分重要的地位,几乎贯穿于整个工程建设始终,对于工程建设具有重要影响。本文概述了建筑经济管理中招标阶段造价管理的重要性,并对加强建筑经济中招标阶段造价管理的控制措施进行深入探讨。
探析合同管理对工程结算及工程造价影响
Authors: 刘 小艳
Published: May 2020

近年来,我国建筑行业快速发展,建筑工程项目实施中,工程单位越来越重视合同管理。合同管理的实施对于工程结算、工程造价等具有重要的作用,可以保证工程投资收益的最大化。因此,为提升工程效益,各个工程单位在工程实施中要处理好合同管理、工程结算与工程造价之间的关系,发挥合同管理应用的作用,实现投资控制的理想效果,提升工程效益。
共享经济在企业经营管理的延伸探讨
Authors: 惠 龙蛟
Published: May 2020

共享经济在企业运营发展中的渗透,为运营模式改革,运营理念创新带来了帮助。在共享经济引导下,企业结构模式也发生了转变。本文将对共享经济在企业经营管理中的应用及延伸效果进行分析探讨,以供参考。
试论人力资源管理中存在的问题探讨
Authors: 王 雪娇
Published: May 2020

企业要提高自身的竞争力。就必须彻底打破原有的用人制度,建立新的人力资源管理机制,最大限度地发挥人力资源的作用。企业应从建立科学系统的人力资源管理制度、强化人力资源的开发和培训、建立适合企业的激励机制等方面加强和改进管理。
现代企业制度下国有企业党的建设研究
Authors: 闫 飞
Published: May 2020

国企基层党组织建设工作是一项全新而复杂的系统工程,它需要各级党委的关心、支持与重视,也需要企业全体员工的积极参与和热心支持,只有这样,此项工作才能顺利开展,并且取得显著成效。在现代企业制度中,国有企业党组织发挥政治核心作用必须与现代企业法人治理相对接。但现代企业法人治理结构中把党组织置于国有企业权力主体之外,党组织作用的发挥受到挑战。为了确保更好地适应从严治党的要求,国有企业党的建设必须坚持贯彻学习新时代中国特色社会主义思想,促进党的建设工作和企业内部文化融合,顺应时代发展的主流趋势,掌握国有企业党的建设规律,不断创新完善党的建设工作体系,助力国有企业健康持续地发展。
如何加强建筑施工企业会计基础工作
Authors: 周 建
Published: May 2020

会计基础工作是财务工作的核心,在企业经济管理活动中发挥着重要的作用。近年来,尽管建筑施工企业逐步深化对会计基础工作的认知,逐步加大对规范会计基础工作方面的投入,但在实际工作中仍存在诸多亟待解决的突出性问题。对此,本文围绕如何加强建筑施工企业会计基础工作展开系统探究。
Enhancement of food production quality: the truffle case
Authors: Viganò Elena , Gori Federico , Amicucci Antonella
Published: May 2020

The central role of quality agri-food production in the promotion of a given territory is actually widely recognized by both the economic and marketing literature and the stakeholders involved in the enhancement process of rural systems. On this basis, this work analyzes one of the finest Italian agri-food products: the truffle. This work tries to point out the main problems characterizing the current regulatory framework, the trade and the production of the Italian truffle sector, emphasizing their causes, consequences and possible solutions.
Dietary diversity status of rural households in Nigeria: A gendered perspective
Authors: Adeola Obayelu Oluwakemi , Olubisi Idowu Olusayo
Published: May 2020

Evidence of upsurge in food insecurity incidence and its vulnerability of households in both rural and urban areas in Nigeria has led to enquiries about the richness of available food baskets and evenness of their consumption. The objective of this study was to examine the dietary diversity among rural households in Nigeria from a gender perspective. Data from the Living Standard Measurement Survey- Integrated Survey on Agriculture (lsms-isa) 2016 were analysed using Simpson Diversity Index, Cross tabulation and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. Most of the rural households were male-headed (85%) with an average age of 53 years old and had household size of 8 persons. Dietary diversity score was slightly higher in female-headed households than among their male counterparts. Fish and seafood had the highest food share expenditure among female-headed households while cereals had the highest in male-headed households. Low dietary diversity was predominant among households where the head was 31 to 40 years old male with at least 16 members, while the high dietary diversity was highest among households with 51 to 60 years old female heads and 11 to 15 members. Difference in mean of aggregate dietary diversity between male- and female-headed households revealed a gap of 0.0155 in favour of the female-headed households. There were significant gender differences in household endowments such as household size, income, tangible assets owned and farm size, which explained dietary diversity among rural households in Nigeria.
Factors of International Competitiveness of EU Member States' Food Industries
Authors: Monika Lukiewska Katarzyna , Grazyna Juchniewicz Malgorzata
Published: May 2020

The research problem presented in the article concerns the evaluation of competitive factors of EU Member States' food industries. Having adopted the concept of factor competitiveness, the focus was put mainly on the level and effectiveness of the use of resources owned by food producers. To this end, the following indices were calculated: a particular country's share in the total number of food industry enterprises in the EU, productivity, and labour costs. While considering the great significance of innovative activity in developing competitive advantage, innovative activity of food industries in particular countries was evaluated. It was found that food producers used various competitive factors. In the more technologically advanced countries, these included labour productivity and innovation. The so-called "new" Member States are still competing using low labour costs.
Changes in the level and structure of food expenses in the European Union in the context of increasing household incomes
Authors: Kata Ryszard , Cyrek Magdalena , Cyrek Piotr
Published: May 2020

Changes in the consumption model are inherent in the processes of socio-economic development the indicator of which is the enrichment of the population. Such changes include the emergence of new proportions in the consumption of particular categories of goods and services, and, according to the regularities observed by Engel, lower the share of expenditure on a broadly understood category of food. Increasing incomes are also linked to changes in the internal structure of food consumption. This study is to assess the changes in the level and structure of food expenses resulting from the enrichment of the European Union (EU) societies. The study covered the co-occurrence of differences in food consumption with households' income differences in the EU countries. The analyses presented in the study relate to the period after the EU enlargement in 2004 and are based on the Eurostat data. The research allows for a positive verification of the thesis that the higher the incomes, the more balanced the structure of food expenses. In more affluent economies, the consumption of a more diversified basket of goods is observed. This finding is supported by the high negative correlation between the structure concentration ratio for food expenditure and the households' income level. In addition, the identification of country clusters based on consumption expenditure broken down into food categories makes it possible to confirm the thesis that there are income differences between economies with different consumption models. It is confirmed by the variance analysis concerning income level for countries in three groups: the South Europe with the highest food expenses, the Central and Eastern Europe with the most limited spending and the lowest income, and the affluent "old" EU members with high expenses on luxuries consumed for social reasons. However, the analyses presented here do not allow for validation of the thesis that food consumption patterns among the EU countries become similar, but rather point to the predominance of the consumption divergence processes, which occur despite the declining income differences. This claim is based on the observation of increasing average Euclidian distance between food expenses in the EU countries in 2005 and 2015. Nevertheless, some signs of shift towards Mediterranean consumption patterns may be found for many societies.
Polish farmer and consumer preference for product produced within standards respected animal welfare
Authors: Gebska Monika , Golebiewska Barbara , Hubbard Carmen
Published: May 2020

In the last two decades, public concerns regarding animal welfare have increased significantly worldwide. These in turn, put pressure on policy-makers to act, by imposing stricter regulations on how animals are reared and treated. This is particularly the case in the European Union, who leads globally in the development of international conventions for the protection of animals and where animals are officially recognised as ‘sentient beings'. Research into animal welfare within the natural and social sciences has also flourished. Given the growing public concerns, more research regarding a better understanding of consumers' attitudes and behaviour regarding animal welfare friendly products is needed. This study aims to examine consumers' awareness regarding farm animal welfare. More specifically, it focuses on Polish consumers' attitudes towards animal welfare when making decisions on purchasing animal products. Respondents were divided in two major categories of consumers, i.e. farmers and non-farmers. Research conducted in Poland among farmers being consumers of animal products shows that less than 50% have encountered the concept of animal welfare. In the case of the non-farmers, the share of respondents familiar with the concept of animal welfare was lower (38%).
Development of entrepreneurship in valuable natural rural areas
Authors: Slusarza Grzegorz , Cierpial-Wolan Marek
Published: May 2020

The values of the natural environment in the subject literature are commonly indicated as an asset conducive to development shaping the competitiveness of areas with such values. The paper attempts to assess the use of endogenous potential of such areas in shaping the multifunctional, sustainable development of rural areas that have such qualities. In particular, the aim was to check to what extent the sme sector, dominating in the economic structure of rural areas, solves the key problem of labour market imbalance and population migration in environmentally valuable areas. The area of detailed research is Podkarpacie, the Polish region considered as a peripheral, border region, the least urbanized region with the highest share of areas covered by various forms of nature protection and forestation, with one of the lowest gdp per capita indicator in the country. For the purpose of implementing the research assumptions, a taxonomic unit (using the complete linkage method) consisting of powiats with the highest concentration of features characteristic for rural areas of high natural values was separated. Synthetic indicators calculated on the basis of the Hellwig taxonomic development pattern method and a positional method using Weber's median were used to assess the diversity of entrepreneurship level. The research confirmed that the non-agricultural economic activity sector is less developed in areas of high natural value. Despite positive developments in the enterprise sector, their potential is too weak an economic base for addressing unsustainable labour market problems, as evidenced by high unemployment and a high negative migration balance. This limits the use of the endogenous potential of these areas and is not conducive to the concept of multifunctional, sustainable development. Migration poses a threat to the depopulation of these areas with all the negative consequences associated with such processes. This is a challenge for the studied areas and regional policy.
The rare, Georgian wine grape in modern enology
Authors: Chkhartishvili Nino , Mamasakhlisashvili Londa , Tchanturia Irma , Bakradze Demetre
Published: May 2020

Preserving rare grapes is not just a matter of variety. Recent dna research has shown that unusual and unknown grape varieties provide clues to wine history. During the centuries, 525 Georgian grape varieties had been known but most of them were degenerated. Nowadays, more than 437 rare Georgian vine varieties are preserved in the geo 038 collection of Agricultural Research-Scientific Center, established in 2014 under the Environment Protection and agriculture ministry. Study of the genetic pool of Georgian grape varieties determine the sustainability of the sector and enrichment of the modern wine market. For this reason the studies of the rare aboriginal grape varieties have begun by their ampelography, phenology, chemical, and oeno-caprological characterizes. The aim of this study is to investigate rare, Georgian, aboriginal wine-grapes by their ampelography, chemical and oenolo-caprological characterizes, and to offer different style and aroma wines to the market, enriching the modern wine assortment. The present study investigated firstly the rare Georgian aboriginal grape variety (Chvitiluri) by its characterizes. In this study grapes caprologycal indication, dynamic development of the sugar accumulation, TA and pH in berries, polyphenols extract in skin and seeds, and phenolic compounds were determined. The grape has been compared with Georgian and French wine-grapes and their products as well. The results show that the grape variety - Chvitiluri, and vinification technique (aging on lee) have the significant impact on the total phenol content in wine. White varietal wine contents high alcohol 13,2%, total phenols 733-500mg/l. Wine has specific, varietal characterizes color, taste, aroma. This study indicates that the rare local, aboriginal variety presents the perspective sort for wine production and can be returned in wine production.
Food Loss and Waste, a global responsibility?!
Authors: Adamashvili Nino , Chiara Filomena , Fiore Mariantonietta
Published: May 2020

Food loss and waste remains a big academic and policy concern all over the world. Reduction of flw is one of the ways to enhance the food quality and security as well as environmental sustainability and economic wellbeing. The aim of the article is to tackle the issue of the flw and investigate the results that derive from worldwide implemented projects and strategies. To do so, the paper brings together the findings of the main fieldworks related to the flw issue categorizing them along the several phases of the food supply chain: harvesting, processing, storage, transportation and consumption. Besides the analysis of academic literature on the topic, we have collected and described several good practical cases and initiatives related to flw problem carried out similarly to the results of the authors cited in the theoretical part of the paper. Findings show our point of view on the importance of optimal and sustainable use of resources, as well as the ways through which food related expenditures can be reduced. An aware, bottom-up and crosssectional approach appears to be crucial for facing this global issue and for making it more manageable over time.
Factors promoting and hindering the adoption of management accounting tools. Evidence from Italian manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Sgrò Francesca , Palazzi Federica , Ciambotti Massimo , Gelsomini Lorenzo
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to provide empirical evidence of the factors considered relevant in promoting the adoption of Management Accounting (MA) tools, and those able to hinder their spread in Italian manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study represents a bridge between theory and practice as it allows us to investigate which MA tools are adopted in a firms daily practice and which are the main factors fostering/hindering MA tools implementation. In 2018 a ques-tionnaire was sent to a total population of 1,100 Italian manufacturing SMEs; 102 responses were obtained. The findings show that SMEs mainly use budgeting tools, customer satisfaction, benchmarking analysis, economic and financial indexes. Additionally, the principal variable promoting the adoption of MA practices seems to be the competition increase, which is an input deriving from outside rising the information needs of entrepreneurs. Internal firm-specific factors significantly contribute to favouring the adoption of MA tools, particularly a corporate culture oriented to the management control to support decision-making processes, pro-moted by entrepreneurs and employees. Contrary, the lack of knowledge concern-ing the potentiality of MA tools and the lack of resources would seem to hinder the spread of these tools. Thus, the role of entrepreneurs, employees, and Universities in promoting knowledge transferring and sharing becomes pivotal to adopt effec-tive MAS.
The implementation of management accounting in small-medium enterprises (SMEs). A knowledge transfer perspective
Authors: Cardoni Andrea , Paradisi Alessio
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to provide a contribution on how the small and medium enterpris-es (SMEs) may reduce the gap between theory and practice on management con-trol knowledge. The paper adopts a knowledge transfer (KT) approach grounded on Liyanage et al.'s (2009) framework. A project of management accounting (MA) implementation in a SME located in Umbria is presented and discussed fol-lowing a strong interventionist research approach. The case demonstrates the knowledge management relevance on MA implementation, able to integrate and reinforce the influence of contingency variables and institutional pressures. It con-tributes to show how the MA implementation has been positively influenced by the SME absorptive capacity (AC) and willingness to learn (WTL), connected to some educational and technical conditions characterizing the entrepreneur and the organization. This paper provides a practical contribution for practitioners and SMEs involved in the implementation of MA tools, demonstrating that successful implementation requires gradual learning cycles and some organizational pre-conditions to bring successful results. It also contributes to scientific debate en-hancing the active role of the actors in designing and implementing managerial control systems, as well as providing an original view that involves the supply and demand for innovation in managerial systems as sources and receivers of man-agement control knowledge.
CSR and management control integration. Evidence from an employee welfare plan implementation
Authors: Mio Chiara , Costantini Antonio , Panfilo Silvia , Baggio Sonia
Published: May 2020

Relatively little research has addressed questions on how companies integrate corporate social responsibility (CSR) and management control, and this study attempts to respond to recent calls for further investigation. Taking the perspective, advanced in the extant literature, that CSR can be regarded as a form of management control, the study has the objective to show how a socially responsible initiative, such as the implementation of an employee welfare plan undertaken by a SME, can address control issues. In particular, the company has designed the employee welfare plan as an incentive system. The study adopts an interventionist research (IVR) approach to accomplish with the research objective, and the results of the interventionist case study are interpreted based on the Merchant and Van der Stede object-of-control framework. In particular, results indicate that the implementation of the welfare plan has enabled the application of different types of control and provided incentive-related benefits, suggesting the potential impact of CSR as a management control device.
Osnove kriptografije
Authors: Barić Josipa , Grgić Ivana , Jurić Iva
Published: May 2020

Kriptografija je grana kriptologije koja se pojavila već pri samom nastanku pisma. U klasičnu kriptografiju ubrajamo šifre poput Cezarove i Vigenreove koje predstavljaju način šifriranja podataka korištenjem privatnog, tajnog, ključa poznatog samo krajnjim osobama u komunikaciji. Godine 1976. dolazi do drastične promjene u kriptografiji i javljaju se prvi sustavi s javnim ključem pomoću kojih se poruka može sigurno prenijeti bez posrednika u komunikaciji. RSA i Rabinov kriptosustav predstavljaju prve takve sustave zasnovane na problemu faktorizacije. Kriptosustavi s javim ključem imaju primjenu u različitim poljima digitalnog života. U ovom radu ćemo objasniti osnovna načela kriptografije i njezine matematičke zakonitosti, te potkrijepiti to raznim primjerima i zanimljivostima.
POTENTIAL GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MIGRAINE AND TENSION TYPE HEADACHE
Authors: Susanti Restu
Published: May 2020

Headache is one of the most common symtomps which cause patients consult a neurologist. Primary headache is headache without other underlying diseases. Primary headaches can be divided into migraine headaches, tension types-headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, and other types of headaches. Sex differences play a role in the perception of headache. Theories regarding hormonal, the number of pain-sensitive points, subjectivity, and psychosocial factors are mostly related to the differences of migraine and TTH pathophysiology between women and men.
ANALISA DAN MITIGASI RISIKO PADA PROSES SUPPLY CHAIN DENGAN PENDEKATAN HOUSE OF RISK DI PT. XYZ
Authors: Izzuddin Iqbaal Ahmad , Ernawati Dira , Rahmawati Nur
Published: May 2020

XYZ dalam memenuhi kebutuhan selalu disertai ketidakpastian, semakin tinggi ketidakpastian yang dihadapi menyebabkan semakin banyaknya gangguan atau risiko yang mungkin terjadi, Terjadinya risiko dapat mengganggu perusahaan dalam mencapi tujuan sehingga perlu dilakukan suatu mitigasi untuk mengatasi risiko yang mengganggu tersebut. Selama ini perusahaan mengalami beberapa permasalahan dalam proses bisnisnya terutama pada kegiatan utama perusahaan tersebut seperti masalah distribusi, keterlambatan pengiriman ke pengkulak, produk yang cacat sebelum dan saat pengiriman, serta sering menumpuknya stok yang ada di Gudang, sehingga perlu adanya manajemen risiko yang terstruktur untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisa, dan meminimalkan risiko yang terjadi pada aktivitas supply chain. Dengan menggunakan metode House of Risk proses identifikasi, serta menganalisa risiko yang terjadi untuk menjadi bahan pertimbangan dan referensi mengetahui mitigasi risiko dalam proses distribusi dengan tujuan untuk mencapai kemaksimalan proses saat diterapkan. Macam-macam risiko yang terjadi pada perusahaan terdapat 23 kejadian risiko yang dominan sehingga dihasilkanlah 14 aksi mitigasi yang dirangking berdasarkan dampak paling besar terhadap kegiatan supply chain perusahaan.
ANALISIS PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI BATU TAHAN API DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CAMPBELL DUDEK SMITH (CDS), NAWAZ ENSCORE HAM (NEH), DAN PALMER UNTUK MENGURANGI MAKESPAN DI PT. X
Authors: Annisya Shita Dwi , Saifudin Joumil Aidil
Published: May 2020

PT. X merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak pada industri pembuatan batu tahan api. Dalam operasionalnya peusahaan harus melakukan penjadwalan produksi yang baik. Perusahaan memiliki kapasitas mesin produksi di perusahaan yang masih mencukupi tetapi hasil produksi belum dapat memenuhi permintaan konsumen tepat waktu sehingga terjadi keterlambatan. Hal ini dikarenakan total waktu penyelesaian (makespan) yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan memerlukan suatu metode penjadwalan yang ditetapkan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan-pekerjaan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode penjadwalan produksi batu tahan api yang efisien sehingga dapat mengurangi total waktu pengerjaan (makespan) dalam pemenuhan permintaan batu tahan api. Ada beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan sebagai usulan yaitu Campbell Dudek Smith, Nawaz Enscore Ham (NEH), dan Palmer untuk penentuan urutan job yang dikerjakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu dengan metode Campbell Dudek Smith (CDS) dengan makespan sebesar 1449805 detik dipilih karena mempunyai makespan yang lebih kecil dari metode perusahaan. Sehingga terjadi penghematan makespan sebesar 140290 detik (8,82%) dari kondisi semula.