bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In search of value: The intricate impacts of benefit perception, knowledge, and emotion about climate change on marine protection support
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Duong Thi Minh-Phuong , Quang-Loc Nguyen , La Viet-Phuong , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: October 2023

Marine and coastal ecosystems are crucial in maintaining human livelihood, facilitating social development, and reducing climate change impacts. Studies have examined how the benefit perception of aquatic ecosystems, knowledge, and emotion about climate change affect peoples’ support for marine protection. However, their interaction effects remain understudied. The current study explores the intricate interaction effect of the benefit perception of aquatic ecosystems, knowledge, and worry about climate change on marine protection support. Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics was employed on a dataset of 709 stakeholders from 42 countries generated by MaCoBioS—a research project funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020. The statistical analysis shows that the impacts of benefit perception of ocean ecosystems, knowledge, and worry about climate change on marine protection support vary due to their interactions. Specifically, when stakeholders perceive ocean ecosystems to have little utility in mitigating climate change, greater climate change knowledge and concern are associated with a higher level of marine protection support. Nevertheless, in the scenarios where stakeholders perceive the benefits of ocean ecosystems, the effect of climate change knowledge becomes conditional on the worry level. If stakeholders are concerned about climate change, those with a greater level of climate change knowledge will associate with a higher level of marine protection support. Otherwise, greater climate change knowledge will result in lower support. These findings highlight emotion’s importance in directing climate change knowledge’s effect on marine protection support. Linking people’s “objects of care” to the consequences of climate change can help improve climate change communication effectiveness.
A Generalized Approach for Bayesian Gaussian Graphical Models
Authors: Franco Víthor Rosa , Barros Guilherme Wang , Jiménez Marcos
Published: October 2023

Bayesian Gaussian Graphical Models (BGGMs) are tools of growing popularity and interest in network psychometrics and probabilistic graphical modeling. However, some of the existing models are derived from different modeling principles that do not easily allow for extensions and combinations into new models. More specifically, the implementation of some models may not be flexible enough to test different priors or likelihoods. In this paper, we present a new approach to BGGMs that overcomes this limitation by allowing for the estimation of regularized partial correlations between any type of variables while also having an intuistic approach on how to decide about the priors. Our approach is based on using a transformation of the lower diagonal values of the Cholesky (or LDL) decomposition matrix as the parameters of the models, which can receive any zero-centered symmetric distribution as a prior, as well as to include moderators. We have developed the gbggm R package to implement some models based on this approach, and the potentials of the approach are demonstrated with a toy simulation. This new approach expands the range of applications and enhances the flexibility of BGGMs, making them more useful in a variety of contexts.
Arbitrary methodological decisions skew inter-brain synchronization estimates in hyperscanning-EEG studies
Authors: Zimmermann Marius , Schultz-Nielsen Kathrine , Dumas Guillaume , Konvalinka Ivana
Published: October 2023

Over the past decade, hyperscanning has emerged as an important methodology to study neural processes underlying human interaction using fMRI, EEG, fNIRS, and MEG. However, many methodological decisions regarding preprocessing and analysis of hyperscanning data have not yet been standardized in the hyperscanning community, yet may affect inter-brain estimates. Here we systematically investigate the effects common methodological choices can have on estimates of phase-based inter-brain synchronization (IBS) measures, using real and simulated hyperscanning (dual) EEG data. Notably, we introduce a new method to compute circular correlation (CCorr) coefficients in IBS studies, which performs more reliably in comparison to the standard approach, showing that the conventional CCorr implementation leads to large fluctuations in IBS estimates due to fluctuations in circular mean directions. Furthermore, we demonstrate how short epoch durations (of 1 second or less) can lead to inflated IBS estimates in scenarios with no strong underlying interaction. Finally, we show how signal-to-noise ratios and temporal factors may confound IBS estimates, particularly when comparing e.g., resting states with conditions involving motor actions. For each of these investigated effects, we provide recommendations for future research employing hyperscanning-EEG techniques, aimed at increasing validity and replicability of inter-brain synchronization studies.
Converging evidence for a human spoken language pathway
Authors: Theofanopoulou Constantina , Jarvis Erich
Published: October 2023

Since Paul Broca, scientists have not ceased their efforts to identify the neurobiology of spoken language in humans. Despite the increasing number of studies implicating brain regions in different aspects of spoken language, there has not been a consensus or active debate on the brain regions forming the core spoken language pathway (SLP) in humans, meaning the pathway underlying the production of speech vocalizations, i.e., of learnt vocalizations that are produced volitionally. Here we propose specific criteria that enabled us to put forward which brain regions can be considered as constituting the SLP, based on stimulation, lesion, (in)activation, neuronal firing, and connectivity data from human and non-human studies. A synthesis of this data led us to suggest that the SLP could functionally consist of two loops, with the first taking up a preparative role before spoken language onset, and the second an executive role during spoken language production. The brain regions involved in the preparative vs. executive loops show convergent genetic signatures, as well as functional and mechanistic similarities, with what is known as the anterior vs. posterior pathways supporting vocal learning in songbirds, respectively. These evolutionary comparisons could shed light on the role of these brain regions in both human spoken language learning in development and performance in adulthood.
For the sake of the mind, cancel Kahneman!
Authors: Rayudu Posina Venkata
Published: October 2023

Kahneman's 'Asian disease' has nothing to do with Asians or their diseases; it is disrespectful of the basic principles of psychology. The attendant research--fooling people--is not science. Here I show how to build a science of the mind.
The InterModel Vigorish for Model Comparison in Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Binary Outcomes
Authors: Zhang Lijin , Kanopka Klint , Rahal Charles , Ulitzsch Esther , Zhang Zhiyong , Domingue Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been widely used to assess the fit of a theoretical measurement model to observed data. However, traditional fit indices for CFA models have limitations in terms of generalizability, interpretability, and in how they account for over-fitting. In this study, we propose the InterModel Vigorish (IMV) as an alternative which overcomes these limitations. The IMV measures gains in predictive accuracy between two models in a portable manner. We extended the IMV into the CFA framework with binary outcomes and conducted four simulation studies to evaluate its effectiveness in model comparison. The simulation results suggested that IMV effectively gauges model misspecification, offering insights both at the scale and item levels. As designed, the IMV was insensitive to changes in sample size. In comparison to traditional indices which prioritize the fit of the model to the current dataset, the IMV focuses on predictive accuracy, thereby effectively penalizing over-fitted models. We provide a detailed empirical illustration which acts as a guide to the application of IMV in real-world scenarios. The proposed index provides a new perspective to the evaluation of CFA models, and can be extended to evaluate structural models in future research.
Nuclear Deterrence, Strategic Stability, Missile Defense
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Savelyev Alexander G.
Published: October 2023

The article addresses a set of problems pertaining to nuclear deterrence, strategic stability, and missile defense. The author states that as a derivative of nuclear deterrence strategic stability can only be applied to military-strategic relations between Russia and the United States. This concept “does not work” in all other cases, including the multilateral format of relations. Nuclear deterrence is more universal and impacts, among other things, the decision-making process in relatively strong and weak nuclear states that oppose each other. The effectiveness of nuclear deterrence is not determined solely by the balance of opposing forces. No less important is the assessment by a potential aggressor of all the negative consequences of its decision to strike first, which creates the “self-deterrence” effect that outweighs even the aggressor’s absolute confidence in the complete military success of its nuclear attack. The author also insists that missile defense is undeservedly considered a “destabilizing” weapons system, because the baseline scenario involving a massive exchange of nuclear strikes, which is used for estimating the effectiveness of nuclear deterrence and the level of strategic stability, is completely far-fetched.
In Scope and Depth
Authors:   Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Babaev Kirill V. , Lavrov Sergei V. ,   Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2023

The article explores ways to ensure the internal consolidation of the BRICS group, which is at a crucial stage of its development due to the sharply changed geopolitical situation. It emphasizes that the issue of BRICS’ enlargement, which has taken central stage lately due to the desire of more than two dozen states to join it, should not sideline the task of deepening economic interaction within the group, structuring it further, and turning it into a full-fledged economic cooperation organization. The authors conclude that one of the main reasons for the difficulties encountered by the BRICS member states while conducting joint activities and for the “dispersion” of BRICS’ efforts is the lack of a comprehensive strategy, that is, clearly defined ultimate goals and parameters of the partnership. The article examines the advantages of adopting a concept of the BRICS common economic space as an integral plan that sets the direction for the group’s long-term development. The article outlines practical steps and areas for building a necessary system of institutional mechanisms and instruments that are critical for asserting BRICS’ role of a distinct macroeconomic entity in the world economy.
Russia’s Relations with the Korean Peninsula States in Perspective
Authors:   Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Asmolov Konstantin V. , Zakharova Liudmila V. ,   Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2023

The article assesses prospects for the development of relations between the Russian Federation and the Korean Peninsula states in the short and medium terms. By assessing their current state in the context of global changes in the world, the authors determine areas where the national interests of Russia, North Korea and South Korea overlap, identify factors that can influence the development of relations between Russia and these states (primarily bilateral, but also taking into account the third party’s influence on them), and consider possible trajectories for their further evolution. The article concludes that in the short term, relations between Russia and South Korea will tend to deteriorate, although the speed of this deterioration will depend on the steps to be taken by Seoul. Relations between Moscow and Pyongyang, on the contrary, will formally improve, although the speed of this improvement will be determined, among other things, by the situation around the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue.
“Time Is Out of Joint”: EU and Russia in Quest of Themselves in Time
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Deriglazova Larisa V.
Published: October 2023

The current direct confrontation between Russia and the Western countries in Europe was not unexpected, but its possible consequences are frightening. In this article the author suggests looking at the conflict between Russia and the EU through the lens of Aleida Assmann’s concept of “temporal breach” in the “modern time regime” (modernity). One of the reasons for the escalation is that the conflicting sides have different visions of the past, present and future, as well as of their place in the new world. The author also traces the development of modernization theory and analyzes the modernization practices Russia and EU countries chose to use after 1991 Russia has largely been practicing conservative modernization, where the state is the main actor relying on certain public demand. The EU countries have been implementing a multi-vector liberal modernization model in line with the goals of post-industrial society, with a variety of state and non-state actors involved and the focus put on the human rights value.
Foreign Companies’ Behavior in the Russian Market under Sanctions: Speculation and Reality
Authors:   MGIMO University, Arapova Ekaterina Ya. , Balakhonova Svetlana I. ,   MGIMO University
Published: October 2023

This study aims to assess the scale of foreign companies’ withdrawal from the Russian market after the start of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine as well as the possibility of replacing them with counterparties from jurisdictions that have not joined anti-Russian sanctions. Expert assessments are based on the original database on foreign business behavior compiled by the Institute for International Studies at the Russian Foreign Ministry’s MGIMO University. The analysis shows that relatively small foreign companies are leaving the Russian market, while large international corporations are scaling back their operations in Russia and are more inclined to adapt to the new conditions. The negative impact on the Russian economy as a whole appears to be not as big as the assessment based on the Yale Database of foreign companies would suggest. The Russian IT sector, the business services sector, and the financial sector have expectedly proved to be relatively more vulnerable. At the same time, the natural resources sector (power and mining industries) is relatively more stable, and cooperation with state-owned (or state-affiliated) companies in jurisdictions that do not support sanctions against Russia has the best prospects.
Not Against, but Beyond the West
Authors:   National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Lukyanov Fyodor A. ,   Russia in Global Affairs
Published: October 2023

By the fall of 2023, the military campaign in Ukraine had become an integral part of the international political and economic landscape. When the current conflict ends, whatever the outcome for its direct participants, it is the countries of the World Majority whose positions will strengthen the most―not only China, which is often mentioned as the winner of the confrontation between Russia and the West, but a group of countries that previously played a subordinate role but are now gaining freedom of action.
Irreplaceable Russia: Fortresses and Bridges of the “Russian Idea”
Authors:   San Francisco State University, USA, Tsygankov Andrei P.
Published: October 2023

The essay discusses Russia’s mission in the contemporary world, as expressed in the concept of the “Russian Idea.” Some Russian thinkers view the country as a fortress defending itself (and the world) from alien—primarily Western—civilizations. Others associate the “Russian Idea” with a bridge connecting different nations and civilizations. The question of whether Russia should be focused primarily on protecting national foundations and geopolitical boundaries or propose an ambitious, transformative agenda has important practical implications. The essay aims to draw attention to two sides of the concept—the nationally defensive and the one related to the dialogue of civilizations, possibly connecting them with each other.
EU Identity as a Factor of Resilience in the Face of Russia’s Special Operation in Ukraine
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Khakhalkina Elena V. , Pogorelskaya Anastasia M. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: October 2023

The authors examine a close connection between the European Union’s resilience and identity in academic and contemporary political discourse. In the latter case, the sources of the EU’s resilience have not yet been identified, but the Russian factor has come as a variable that determines the connection between resilience and identity in the context of the Russia-Ukraine clash as a conflict of values. As a non-systemic challenge, Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine has shifted the focus in the EU’s search for the sources of resilience and made it face the problems of self-identity in a changed environment. The article argues that the EU’s collective identity may be a factor of its resilience. It concludes that, given the European Union’s previous unsuccessful experience of appealing to collective identity in crisis situations, its use in the face of Russia’s special military operation will be limited, although it has highlighted the need for strengthening the EU’s identity.
Protective Effect of Cranberry Extract against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Improving Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Alkhazragy Baidaa , N. Alshawi Nada
Published: October 2023

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is a North American natural fruit. consumed as food and used for health promotion and prevention of various diseases. Aim. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of cranberry fruit extract on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in mice by measuring selected oxidative stress markers. Methods. Twenty-eight male albino mice were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group I [Negative Control]/orally-administered normal saline for 7 successive days; Group II [Orally-administered cranberry fruit extract alone (200 mg/kg) for 7 successive days; Group III/Mice IP injection with cisplatin (12mg/kg) on day 7 and; Group IV [Orally-administered cranberry fruits extract for 7 successive days followed by single IP injection of cisplatin on day 7. After euthanization of each animal by diethyl ether (on day 8th), serum and renal tissue samples were collected for analysis. Results. Administration of cranberry fruit extract resulted in a significant decline in serum creatinine level (0.87±0.120) and a significant elevation in renal reduced glutathione level (197.42±62.958) (P<0.05) with the improvement in the histological analysis of renal tissue of mice of Group IV compared to that in cisplatin intraperitoneally-injected Group III mice. Conclusions. Orally-administrated cranberry extract prior to cisplatin exerts a protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin via improving the oxidative stress process in mice.
The Protective Effect of Omega-7 on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat Model
Authors: Shurouqhussam  , Ali Faris Hassan
Published: October 2023

Omega-7 is a monounsaturated fatty acid that has a number of beneficial effects. Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic agent is commonly used to treat solid tumors. Cisplatin΄s clinical use has been limited due to its nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity induced by Cisplatin is thought to be linked with increased formation of reactive oxygen species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of omega 7 against Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. thirty male wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups with six rats in each group , group 1 rats received  liquid paraffin solution orally for 7 consecutive days , group 2 rats received single intraperitoneal injection of Cisplatin (7.5 mg/ kg) , group 3 rats received omega-7 (50mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days and then received Cisplatin single intraperitoneal injection  (7.5mg/ kg) on day 8 , group 4 rats received omega-7 (100 mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days and then received single intraperitoneal injection of Cisplatin (7.5mg/ kg) on day 8 , group 5 rats received omega 7 (100mg/ kg) orally for 7 consecutive days .on the ninth , all animals were sacrificed and tissue homogenates were used for the estimation of glutathione peroxidase-1(GPX-1), superoxide dismutase-1(SOD-1), reduced glutathione(GSH), catalase(CAT) and malondialdehyde(MDA). Treatment of rats with omega-7 showed significant (p < 0.05) elevation in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes (GPX-1, SOD-1, reduced GSH and CAT) and significant (p < 0.05) reduction of MDA level compared to Cisplatin (positive control) group.in conclusion, omega-7 has a protective effect against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity maybe through its anti-oxidant activity.
The impact of pharmaceutical care intervention on the depressive symptoms of patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism
Authors: Malik Kamil Rafal , Vian Ahmed Wasta Esmail  , Dler Shamsulddin Hamid *
Published: October 2023

Pharmaceutical care interventions are a set of recommendations/interventions given by the pharmacist to improve therapeutic compliance, reduce complications, solve a drug therapy problem and improve patients' quality of life with chronic diseases by achieving patient satisfaction. The role of pharmaceutical care intervention in improving the condition of patients with hypothyroidism is still uncovered in Sulaimani city in Iraq, therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the role of pharmaceutical care interventions in improving the outcome of psychological abnormalities in patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Fifty-eight patients were enrolled in the study and were randomly allocated into two groups: pharmaceutical care and the control group, both groups were interviewed by the pharmacist using a specific questionnaire. It is the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for assessing their psychological state at the beginning and the at the end of the study and data are recorded by the pharmacist. Blood samples were collected and utilized for analyzing the levels of thyroid function tests, lipid profile tests and blood glucose parameters at baseline and six weeks after. The pharmaceutical care group received all the education about their medications and how to minimize drug-related problems; improve the outcome and quality of life. Additionally, the pharmaceutical intervention included correcting some biochemical parameters. The study findings suggest that pharmaceutical care intervention and the pharmacist’s role over six-weeks period could improve the patient’s psychological condition. In addition, it can improve some biochemical parameters and quality of life significantly.
Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression among a Sample of Hypothyroidism-Treated Iraqi Patients
Authors: Rasheed Nada Hamid , Al-Metwali Basma Zuheir , Al  Shamaa Mohamed Sadoon Mohsen
Published: October 2023

Background: Hypothyroidism is the most prevalent thyroid disorders worldwide.  Hypothyroidism manifestations are wide spectrum, affecting various systems in human body including the nervous system. Hypothyroidism can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression and diminishing in attention, memory and executive function. Aim: to investigate the level of anxiety and depression in patients with hypothyroidism receiving levothyroxine treatment. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted at Baghdad Center for Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy from March to June 2022. The study population included patients of both genders, aged 18-65 years, diagnosed with hypothyroidism, were receiving levothyroxine treatment and have achieved euthyroid state for at least 2 months prior to their enrolment in the study. Based on levothyroxine dose, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups: low dose group < 1.7 µg/kg/day and high dose group ≥ 1.7 µg/kg. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for the evaluation of anxiety and depression. Result: The mean age of the participants was 40.35 ± 9.5 years with mean body mass index of 30.61 ± 5.72 kg/m2. The mean scores of anxiety and depression for the total sample are 8.72 ±3.46 and 7.80 ±2.83; respectively, there was statistically non-significant difference for anxiety and depression scores between the low dose group and the high dose group. Conclusion: the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms although the patients were in euthyroid state. However, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics did not significantly influence the scores of anxiety and depression.
Lung function disorders among sickle cell disease patients in Basra City, Iraq
Authors: Sajid Azza , Mohammed Abeer , Ibrahim Nawal
Published: October 2023

Background: In sickle cell disease (SCD), lung function impairments might be obstructive, restrictive, or both. Due to a lack of extensive epidemiological investigations, the exact prevalence of sickle cell chronic lung illnesses and the way to identify them have yet to be determined. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of SCD on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in adult patients in Basrah, Iraq, as well as to describe the patients' respiratory disorder .Materials and Methods: This a cross-sectional study conducted in Basrah City, Iraq, in which two groups of individual were enrolled: 110 healthy subjects (group1) and 102 sickle cell disease patients (group 2).Measurements of PFTs and several hematological tests were done for each individual of the two groups. Results: Significant decline (p > 0.05) in different tests of pulmonary function (FEV1; FVC; FEV1%PEF and MVV) were found in SCD patients with a significant elevation in estimated lung age. Several hematological tests (WBC;RBC;HGB; Neutrophils and lymphocytes were also showed significant changes(p >0.05)in the patients.

In conclusion: Lung functions differ significantly in patients with SCD compared with matched healthy control individuals of a similar age, gender and standing height. This study has also shown that PFT abnormality in SCD patients was restrictive disease pattern.
Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of the Aerial Parts of Iraqi Euphorbia cyathophora on Bone Marrow and Spleen Cells in Mice
Authors: Jaafar Noor Sabah , Ali F Hassan  , Maha N Hamad
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study was extraction of arial part of Euphorbia cyathophora constituents with methanol and evaluate its effect on mitotic index and total chromosomal aberration bone marrow cell and spleen cell in mice

 200 gm of E. cyathophora fine powder was defatted then extracted by cold maceration 80% ethanol for seven days. The extract was filtered and dried in a rotary evaporator then the dried extract was suspended with water and consecutively extracted using chloroform, ethyl acetate for each. The aqueous layer was then mixed with 100ml methanol. These fractions are dried under reduced pressure to obtain the dry extract. Twenty-four Albino mice were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into four groups: Group 1: Mice were treated with distilled water. The dose was given daily for seven successive days. Group 2: Mice were treated with a single dose (20mg/kg) of methotrexate (positive control). Group 3: Mice were treated with (100mg/kg) of menthol fraction for seven successive days. Group 4: Mice were treated with (200mg/kg) of methanol fraction for seven successive days. Mice were sacrificed by (spinal dislocation). Samples of bone marrow cells and spleen cells were taken and genotoxic analyses.

Methanol fraction of Euphorbia cyathophora at a dose of 100mg/kg demonstrated a significant decrease in mitotic index and a significant increase in total chromosomal aberrations as compared to distilled water in both bone marrow cells and spleen cells

(p<0.05). 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of methanol fraction of Euphorbia cyathophora that showed to be significantly higher in mitotic index and significantly lower in total chromosomal aberration as compared to methotrexate (p<0.05).

In conclusion the current study revealed that the methanol fraction of aerial parts of Euphorbia cyathophora is genotoxic but its genotoxicity is less than that of methotrexate.
Correlation between Trace Element Levels in Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Alhashimy Hadeel , Shaymaa Abdulzahra Abbas
Published: October 2023

Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common  disease  in the human body in both sex , male and female ,Trace  elements (TEs) like copper (Cu); zinc (Zn) and  iron (Fe)  have a vital  role in biological and  metabolic effects  including activation or inhibition of  enzymatic reaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), competition between trace elements and metal proteins for binding positions and modifications in the permeability of cellular membranes which affect on cancers events.This  paper reviews measured  trace elemental concentrations of cancerous and noncancerous blood sample by drawing 5 ml of venous blood  from all patient and control (healthy persons) ,the serum was separated then used to measure  the  Zn,Cu and Fe. by using. a convenient colorimetric assay. The statistical significant association was determined, the p values is larger than 0.05  so the data  considered statistically significant ,and there is a difference in the levels of trace elements (Zn, Cu and Fe) in four groups ; the median  of Zn and Cu were highest in control group compared to the rest groups ,the median of  Fe is highest in benign group compared to the rest groups .
Insulin Resistance in Association with Metabolic Syndrome in Wasit University Students in Iraq
Authors: Zamil Alaa , Amin Seenaa
Published: October 2023

In Iraq 1.4 million of people have diabetes, the prevalence of T2DM was ranged (8.5%—13.9%), and the cluster of metabolic abnormalities has long been identified as the risk factors for type 2 diabetes and is now commonly described as metabolic syndrome/MetS. Insulin resistance takes a key role in the process of the MetS and has even been hypothesized as its underlying cause. Clinical and epidemiologic studies also indicate that obesity and life style habit might be correlated with IR. This study examined the relationship between IR and MetS in a sample of young, healthy university students in Iraq. It discovered that the severity of IR is positively correlated with the clustering of MetS risk factors in Iraqi students, suggesting that the IR index could be used as a diagnostic tool to identify the young adult who is at higher risk of developing IR and help prevent metabolic disorders that may develop secondary to IR. Insulin resistance was highly correlated with dietary product use, high BMI, and physical inactivity, investigating the IR in an early stage is crucial for trying to stop the disease progression into chronic disease.
Effect of pharmacist interventions on pulmonary function parameters of Iraqi asthmatic patients: A comparative study
Authors: Marwan S. Ibrahim  , Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood
Published: October 2023

Background: Despite the fact that asthma is a long-term disease that may be treated, many people are unable to control their symptoms due to a lack of knowledge about their condition. The study's purpose was to find out if a pharmacist intervention improved asthma management because of this.

Objective: this study designed to assess the effect of pharmaceutical care on pulmonary functions test.

Method: The study was completed in three months. The patients who were enrolled were divided into two groups: Group 1 consists of 23 asthma patients who were randomly assigned to receive conventional therapy for chronic bronchial asthma based on disease stage and severity, as well as a pharmaceutical care plan that includes patient care and education, for three months. Group 2: Included in the study were 21 asthma patients who were randomly randomized to receive only conventional therapy for chronic bronchial asthma based on illness stage and severity for three months. All individuals included in this trial had their ACT and PFT levels checked at the start and three months later.

Result: the conclusion of the study, patients who received a verbal and written pharmaceutical implementation plan significantly improved their asthma control by increasing medication adherence, which was accompanied by an improvement in mean ACT and PFT scores for the interventional group when compared to the control group after 3 months of follow up.

Conclusion: The results of the study approved the important role of the pharmacist in asthma control to improve medication adherence and enhancing PFT and this mean increase asthma control
Ameliorating Effect of Azilsartan on Cisplatin -Induced Ocular Toxicity in Male Rats
Authors: Mahmood Naza , Noor Majid Raheem Kareem1
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of Azilsartan against Cisplatin-induced ocular damage by ameliorating the oxidative stress and inflammation status, as well as to compare two different doses of Azilsartan to the Resveratrol. Fifty-six male Wister albino-rats, weighing 270±30 g. The rats were allocated at random into seven groups (n=8 per group), as follows: Group 1 (Healthy control) was given 0.5% CMC orally for the 14 days. Group 2 (Positive control) was given a single injection of 7mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally and then 0.5% CMC orally for the following 14 days. Group 3 was given 3.5mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 4 was given 7mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 5 was given a single injection of 7mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally and then 3.5mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 6 was given a single injection of 7mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally and then 7mg/kg Azilsartan orally for the following 14 days. Group 7 (standard) was given 25mg/kg/day Resveratrol orally for following 14 days.Azilsartan at low dose (3.5mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in IL-1β pro-inflammatory marker level, whereas there was no significant effect on MDA and SOD levels in cisplatin-induced ocular damage. Histologically, there were significant reduction in inflammatory exudates, edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration with both doses. Additionally, there were no significant difference among Azilsartan only received groups and Resveratrol group. Azilsartan shows a promising anti-inflammatory effect in ocular tissue in Cisplatin experimental rat models by significantly reducing IL-1β overexpression, through its potent AT1receptor blocking effect. However, Azilsartan showed a slight effect on MDA levels and marginal effect on SOD levels in Cisplatin-induced ocular toxicity. Furthermore, Azilsartan at a low dose slightly mimicked the effect of resveratrol on normal ocular tissue, suggesting an advancement in prophylactic application in ocular injury.

Keywords: Azilsartan, IL-1β, Cisplatin, Ocular Toxicity
A Multidimensional Strategy: Ways to Combat Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome with Hiatus Hernia and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in A Young Adult Female
Authors: Mustaffa Nazri , Gullaam Rasul Siti Faezah , Draman Nani , Jamani Nurjasmine Aida , Mat Yudin Zainab
Published: October 2023

Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic idiopathic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterised by intermittent episodes of severe nausea and vomiting with symptoms-free intervals in between. CVS is seen in various age groups with a prevalence of 1.9%. Numerous psychosocial, physical and infectious stressors have been attributed as a trigger of CVS. Often, a co-existing organic and psychiatric comorbidities mask the disorder, and an absence of diagnostic investigation causes a delay in diagnosis and makes it challenging to treat.
Exploratory Study on the Compensation Practices in Private Hospitals for Clinical Specialists in Malaysia
Authors: Daud Faiz , Ponnampalam Perema Kumari , Mohd Nadzri Nur Fatin Nabila
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Fee-for-service (FFS) has been the main payment method for clinical specialists around the world. However, until most recently, several payment methods for doctors, particularly clinical specialists, such as salary, pay for performance and blended remuneration of the above models have been researched. This mechanism is being used to increase the level of quality and value of healthcare services in the health sector. Despite increasing interest in these alternative payment methods, there is limited research about the payment method offered to clinical specialists in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using qualitative interview with 15 private clinical specialists and 4 hospital administrators working in private hospitals in Malaysia, we explored the existing payment methods offered to private clinical specialists by private hospitals. RESULTS: Our study found that four payment methods were used which were FFS, salary-based, salary-based plus incentives and pool system. Majority of the clinical specialists interviewed were under the FFS payment method. New emerging payment methods which include salary-based and salary-based plus incentives were implemented in recent years, while the pool system was confined to certain specialities. CONCLUSION: The private hospitals in Malaysia provides different payment methods to the private clinical specialists which includes FFS, salary-based, salary-based plus incentives and pool system. These findings can help policymakers to explore the potential of various payment methods in the near future.
Influence of Creativity Stimulation on Brain Connectivity during Divergent Thinking Tasks
Authors: Abdul Hamid Khairiah , Yusoff Ahmad Nazlim , Rahman Saemah , Osman Syazarina Sharis , Surat Shahlan , Ahmad Marzuki Maziah
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Different facets of divergent thinking (DT) are associated with connectivity between different cerebral areas. However, the causal interactions between the key DT nodes have yet to be explored. It is hypothesised that with creativity stimulation, changes in effective connectivity among regions will be observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using control (n=26) and experimental (n=24) participants, this study aimed to investigate the effective connectivity between brain areas associated with divergent thinking that accentuate fluency, flexibility, and originality. The experimental participants attended a two-day creativity stimulation, followed by three task-based fMRI sessions for all participants, which included basic use (BU) identification, alternative use (AU) generation and unusual use (UU) determination tasks. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) was used to determine the most optimal causal model representing the most possible modulatory influence on the connections between medial prefrontal cortices (mPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). RESULTS: The experimental participants scored higher fluency and flexibility than the controls (p<0.05). At neuronal level, the control group showed similar intrinsic connections receiving modulatory influence for AU and UU tasks, while the experimental group preferred a different perturbation of connection between both tasks. These intergroup differences may be caused by different thinking strategies involving semantic and episodic memory retrieval, and integration of remotely associated ideas to construct new combination among the experimental participants. CONCLUSION: Different DT demands may influence the effective connectivity between mPFC, IFG and IPL especially among individuals with higher DT abilities, especially in fluency and flexibility versus originality.
Need Analysis and Development of Webtoon-based Online Comics for Public Middle Schools: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zaitun Zaitun , Kasmiati Kasmiati , Zein Nurhayati , Rahima MRA. Raja , Thahir Musa
Published: October 2023

This research investigates the understanding of religious moderation among teachers and students in the context of Islamic Religious Education. The results of this research are based on data analysis from a survey conducted in junior high schools. The research results show that the majority of teachers and students have a positive attitude towards religious moderation, including acceptance of state ideology, respect for ideological diversity, and an attitude that rejects violence on the basis of religion. Apart from that, they also show tolerance towards different local cultures. These findings have important implications in the educational context, especially in efforts to increase understanding of religious moderation among the younger generation.
Opinion of Residents on Lighting in the City of Pila
Authors: Gorzelańczyk Piotr , Miśkowski Miłosz
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the efficiency of street lighting in the city of Pila. For this purpose, a survey was conducted to find out the opinions of residents about lighting in the city of Pila. For this purpose, 167 residents of Pila were asked what they thought about lighting in the analyzed city. Based on the survey, some of the respondents believe that road lighting is good and effective, while the other part says that lighting does not fulfill its functions, tasks and something should be changed in this regard. There are several streets that are well and poorly lit at the same time, so the effectiveness of street lighting in these places cannot be clearly determined. There is also a group of respondents who indicate that the lighting does not work properly, i.e. it is out of order for a long time. The last part of the article contains suggestions for upgrading city lighting in Pila. The article ends with a summary.
Determining the Degree of Fiscal Dominance and its Implication on the Conduct of Monetary Policy in Nigeria
Authors: Omo-Ikirodah Beatrice Onawunreyi , Afolabi Joseph Olarewaju
Published: October 2023

This study determines the degree of fiscal dominance and its implication on the conduct of monetary policy in Nigeria. It adopts the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) estimation techniques and covers the periods of 1980 to 2020. The regression result shows an estimated coefficient of 0.77, which indicate a high degree of fiscal dominance in the country. In the same vein, the estimated coefficient was compared with the average value of the consumer price index and interest rate in the economy, and it was discovered that high degree of fiscal dominance corresponds with high consumer price index and interest rate in the economy. Flowing from the findings, it is concluded that there is high degree of fiscal dominance in Nigeria, and this has implication on the conduct of monetary policies in thecountry. The degree of fiscal dominance in the country is likely one of the factors responsible for high prices in the country. It was recommended that The Nigerian government should focus on widening the domestic revenue mobilization base of the country. This would include expanding the tax base, setting up appropriate mechanism to generate more revenue from fines, fees and licenses, providing a conducive environment for remittances inflow into the country. The Central bank should limit their finances of government expenditure to 10 percent of previous year’s revenue as suggested by the World Bank. They should limit their borrowings to capital project, such that such project can boast aggregate supply and normalize average prices in the economy.
Foreign Direct Investments in Poland against Countries of Visegrad Group
Authors: Lizińska Wiesława , Danileviča Alina , Idzikowska Karolina
Published: October 2023

In the period of scarcity of investment capital, foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important source of its acquisition. These investments flow to the host countries in various conditions and consequences for the economy. The concept of linking the country’s position in terms of inflow and outflow of foreign direct investments with its economic development is the concept of the investment and development path – IDP (The Investment Development Path). The article diagnoses changes in the value of foreign direct investment in Poland against economies of Visegrad Group in 1995-2020, taking into account the effects of the pandemic on changes in FDI flows in 2016-2021. Against this background, the development of the Polish economy was diagnosed in the light of the path theory (IDP).
The analysis covers the years 1995-2020 and 2016-2021 and uses data from UNCTAD and the World Bank. In the periods selected for the analysis, one can notice definitely different dynamics of changes in the value of FDI liabilities. The reaction of foreign investors in selected location markets varied during the pandemic. The diversification of the cumulative value of FDI receivables for individual countries is significant. During the pandemic, investors reacted to the situation in different ways. Among the selected countries, an increase in the value of FDI undertaken abroad was recorded in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Polish investors and investors from Hungary made investments with lower values than in 2020. In all years, NOIP for Poland takes negative values, so the level of FDI undertaken in Poland exceeds the level of investments undertaken abroad. Identifying the transition to one of the most important stages on the IDP path – stage III is difficult. It is debatable to determine the period in which Poland entered such a stage. This results, among others, from low FDI. It is indicated that this is a period from 2004 to even 2013.
Історична соціологія Михайла Грушевського
Authors: Пятницькова Ірина
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyze Mykhailo Hrushevs’kyi views in the paradigm of historical sociology, to determine his contribution to the development of the research direction. The research methodology is interdisciplinary in nature. Its basis is a historical-sociological research option, which involves the application of a problematic method of scientific knowledge. The methods of systematic analysis and analogies, comparativism contributed to the definition of the basic principles of the concept of historical sociology of M. Hrushevskyi. When working on the problem, the principles of systematicity, objectivity, and complexity were observed, which allowed a comprehensive consideration of the problem chosen for research. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the actualization of the problem of M. Hrushevskyi's scientific work in the direction of historical sociology, a comprehensive study of the scientist's views. Conclusions. Mykhailo Hrushevskyi's achievements in historical sociology can be conventionally divided into two directions. On the one hand, this is a practical activity that contributed to the institutionalization of historical and sociological research in Ukrainian science. Another direction was connected with the theoretical works of M. Hrushevskyi in the field of historical sociology. The historian formed his own vision of social evolution, which was called "genetic sociology." The research concept had a complex character in the interpretation of drivers of social progress. M. Hrushevsky singled out three stages of social development, according to the dominance of collective or individual tendencies that replace each other. Theorizing about social evolution, the scientist also formed a vision of the development of institutions of power and private property. The conclusions of M. Hrushevskyi's in the field of historical sociology were modern, and in certain aspects quite progressive for the scientific progress of the beginning of the 20th century.