bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Integrated Wireless Sensor and Multibeam Satellite Networks Under Terrestrial Interference
Authors: Li Hongjun , Yin Hao , Gong Xiangwu , Dong Feihong , Ren Baoquan , He Yuanzhi , Wang Jingchao
Published: October 2016

This paper investigates the performance of integrated wireless sensor and multibeam satellite networks (IWSMSNs) under terrestrial interference. The IWSMSNs constitute sensor nodes (SNs), satellite sinks (SSs), multibeam satellite and remote monitoring hosts (RMHs). The multibeam satellite covers multiple beams and multiple SSs in each beam. The SSs can be directly used as SNs to transmit sensing data to RMHs via the satellite, and they can also be used to collect the sensing data from other SNs to transmit to the RMHs. We propose the hybrid one-dimensional (1D) and 2D beam models including the equivalent intra-beam interference factor β from terrestrial communication networks (TCNs) and the equivalent inter-beam interference factor α from adjacent beams. The terrestrial interference is possibly due to the signals from the TCNs or the signals of sinks being transmitted to other satellite networks. The closed-form approximations of capacity per beam are derived for the return link of IWSMSNs under terrestrial interference by using the Haar approximations where the IWSMSNs experience the Rician fading channel. The optimal joint decoding capacity can be considered as the upper bound where all of the SSs’ signals can be jointly decoded by a super-receiver on board the multibeam satellite or a gateway station that knows all of the code books. While the linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) capacity is where all of the signals of SSs are decoded singularly by a multibeam satellite or a gateway station. The simulations show that the optimal capacities are obviously higher than the MMSE capacities under the same conditions, while the capacities are lowered by Rician fading and converge as the Rician factor increases. α and β jointly affect the performance of hybrid 1D and 2D beam models, and the number of SSs also contributes different effects on the optimal capacity and MMSE capacity of the IWSMSNs.
CUDe—Carbon Utilization Degree as an Indicator for Sustainable Biomass Use
Authors: Hansen Anja , Budde Jörn , Karatay Yusuf , Prochnow Annette
Published: October 2016

Carbon (C) is a central element in organic compounds and is an indispensable resource for life. It is also an essential production factor in bio-based economies, where biomass serves many purposes, including energy generation and material production. Biomass conversion is a common case of transformation between different carbon-containing compounds. At each transformation step, C might be lost. To optimize the C use, the C flows from raw materials to end products must be understood. The estimation of how much of the initial C in the feedstock remains in consumable products and delivers services provides an indication of the C use efficiency. We define this concept as Carbon Utilization Degree (CUDe) and apply it to two biomass uses: biogas production and hemp insulation. CUDe increases when conversion processes are optimized, i.e., residues are harnessed and/or losses are minimized. We propose CUDe as a complementary approach for policy design to assess C as an asset for bio-based production. This may lead to a paradigm shift to see C as a resource that requires sustainable exploitation. It could complement the existing methods that focus solely on the climate impact of carbon.
Diffusion Patterns in Convergence among High-Technology Industries: A Co-Occurrence-Based Analysis of Newspaper Article Data
Authors: Lee Hyeokseong , Kim Namil , Kwak Kiho , Kim Wonjoon , Soh Hyungjoon , Park Kyungbae
Published: October 2016

Firms in high-technology industries have faced great technological and market uncertainty and volatility in the past few decades. In order to be competitive and sustainable in this environment, firms have been pursuing technological innovation, product differentiation, vertical integration, and alliances, which eventually drive industry convergence, defined as the process of blurring boundaries between previously distinct industries. Although industry convergence has greatly affected industrial structure and the economy, little research has investigated this phenomenon, especially its diffusion patterns; thus, it is still unclear which industries are converging more rapidly or have a higher potential for convergence. This paper explores these issues by investigating industry convergence in U.S. high-technology industries, using a large set of newspaper articles from 1987 to 2012. We perform a co-occurrence-based analysis to obtain information on industry convergence and estimate its diffusion patterns using an internal-influence logistic model. We find heterogeneous diffusion patterns, depending on convergent-industry pairs and their wide dispersion. In addition, we find that the potential degree of industry convergence is significantly negatively associated with its growth rate, which indicates that a great deal of time will be required for industry convergence between high-technology industries with this high potential to achieve a high degree of convergence.
Adoption of Sustainable Land Uses in Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Case for Agroforestry
Authors: Djanibekov Utkur , Villamor Grace , Dzhakypbekova Klara , Chamberlain James , Xu Jianchu
Published: October 2016

We examine constraints and opportunities to enhance adoption of agroforestry for ecosystem and livelihood improvement in post-Soviet economies, using Central Asian countries as examples. Using a coevolutionary socio-ecological systems framework, we describe how development efforts, especially agricultural policies, under centrally planned regimes and under transition to market economies have changed environmental conditions, and how they affect peoples’ welfare. We then discuss agroforestry as a sustainable land use practice to address these issues. We present regional-specific and -suitable agroforestry practices, and discuss their potential. We found that legacies from the previous period of central planning shape current land uses, institutions, infrastructure and decisions of farmers, and constrain development of agroforestry. By identifying opportunities and constraints of agroforestry, we provide recommendations for enhancing the use of agroforestry in Central Asia.
Measurement of Heat-Flux of New Type Façade Walls
Authors: Samardzioska Todorka , Apostolska Roberta
Published: October 2016

The building envelope makes the most significant contribution to the reduction of building energy consumption. The application of new, alternative and improved materials and systems has an important impact on the performance of buildings. This paper is focused on thermal transmittance as an indicator of thermal conduction of the construction element. It includes comparisons of the U-values calculated by software with those measured in-situ on three representative façade walls. The walls have been constructed with the new wall system Fragmat NZ-1, a new product in Macedonian buildings. This research provides basic information on the thermal transmittance of the system. The results of the analysis show that in-situ measuring is a useful tool in validating the precision of analytically calculated values, since it was difficult to obtain precise results from the analytical calculations only, especially when the layers have non-uniform thickness.
Single Amino Acid Substitution N659D in HIV-2 Envelope Glycoprotein (Env) Impairs Viral Release and Hampers BST-2 Antagonism
Authors: Dufrasne François , Lombard Catherine , Goubau Patrick , Ruelle Jean
Published: October 2016

BST-2 or tetherin is a host cell restriction factor that prevents the budding of enveloped viruses at the cell surface, thus impairing the viral spread. Several countermeasures to evade this antiviral factor have been positively selected in retroviruses: the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) relies on the envelope glycoprotein (Env) to overcome BST-2 restriction. The Env gp36 ectodomain seems involved in this anti-tetherin activity, however residues and regions interacting with BST-2 are not clearly defined. Among 32 HIV-2 ROD Env mutants tested, we demonstrated that the asparagine residue at position 659 located in the gp36 ectodomain is mandatory to exert the anti-tetherin function. Viral release assays in cell lines expressing BST-2 showed a loss of viral release ability for the HIV-2 N659D mutant virus compared to the HIV-2 wild type virus. In bst-2 inactivated H9 cells, those differences were lost. Subtilisin treatment of infected cells demonstrated that the N659D mutant was more tethered at the cell surface. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments confirmed a direct molecular link between Env and BST-2 and highlighted an inability of the mutant to bind BST-2. We also tested a virus presenting a truncation of 109 amino acids at the C-terminal part of Env, a cytoplasmic tail partial deletion that is spontaneously selected in vitro. Interestingly, viral release assays and FRET experiments indicated that a full Env cytoplasmic tail was essential in BST-2 antagonism. In HIV-2 infected cells, an efficient Env-mediated antagonism of BST-2 is operated through an intermolecular link involving the asparagine 659 residue as well as the C-terminal part of the cytoplasmic tail.
Impacts of Off-Farm Employment on Irrigation Water Efficiency in North China
Authors: Yin Ning , Huang Qiuqiong , Yang Zhihai , Wang Yapeng
Published: October 2016

This paper examines the impacts of off-farm employment on irrigation water efficiency (IWE) with a set of household level data collected in Hebei Province in North China. A major finding is that households with higher shares of laborers working off-farm locally seem to achieve higher IWEs. The effect of local off-farm employment is greater among those households that have made more efforts to use furrow irrigation. We also find that households with higher shares of elderly laborers and those with larger land holding are associated with lower IWEs. Households with better soil quality and those that pump from deeper wells are associated with higher IWEs.
Runoff Simulation in the Upper Reaches of Heihe River Basin Based on the RIEMS–SWAT Model
Authors: Zou Songbing , Ruan Hongwei , Lu Zhixiang , Yang Dawen , Xiong Zhe , Yin Zhenliang
Published: October 2016

In the distributed hydrological simulations for complex mountain areas, large amounts of meteorological input parameters with high spatial and temporal resolutions are necessary. However, the extreme scarcity and uneven distribution of the traditional meteorological observation stations in cold and arid regions of Northwest China makes it very difficult in meeting the requirements of hydrological simulations. Alternatively, regional climate models (RCMs), which can provide a variety of distributed meteorological data with high temporal and spatial resolution, have become an effective solution to improve hydrological simulation accuracy and to further study water resource responses to human activities and global climate change. In this study, abundant and evenly distributed virtual weather stations in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin (HRB) of Northwest China were built for the optimization of the input data, and thus a regional integrated environmental model system (RIEMS) based on RCM and a distributed hydrological model of soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) were integrated as a coupled climate–hydrological RIEMS-SWAT model, which was applied to simulate monthly runoff from 1995 to 2010 in the region. Results show that the simulated and observed values are close; Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency is higher than 0.65; determination coefficient (R2) values are higher than 0.70; percent bias is controlled within ±20%; and root-mean-square-error-observation standard deviation ratio is less than 0.65. These results indicate that the coupled model can present basin hydrological processes properly, and provide scientific support for prediction and management of basin water resources.
Combined tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity transposition for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with concomitant medial patellar luxation
Authors: Leonard Katherine , Kowaleski Michael , Saunders William , McCarthy Robert , Boudrieau Randy
Published: October 2016

Objectives: To describe the surgical technique and report short-term outcome for combined tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity transposition (TPLO-TTT) as an option in the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with concomitant medial patellar luxation.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed (2011–2013) of dogs that underwent a standard tibial plateau levelling osteotomy followed by a tibial tuberosity transposition in the frontal plane and stabilized with pin and tension-band wire fixation as a component of surgical treatment for combined cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency and medial patellar luxation. Signalment, fixation method together with any ancillary procedures, function at the in-hospital follow-up examinations, and any complications were recorded. Healing was assessed retrospectively based on the grading criteria of the International Society Of Limb Salvage.

Results: Fifteen stifle joints in 11 dogs were identified; 13 stifles were available for in hospital follow-up. All 13 achieved union (3 with grade III/IV and 10 with grade IV/IV radiographic healing scores); mean time to healing was 10.6 (± 2.9) weeks. Patellar ligament thickening was also identified radio-graphically in seven of the 13 of stifle joints. All dogs were reported to have mild or no lameness at their last follow-up examination. No catastrophic or major postoperative complications occurred that required additional surgery. Patellar re-luxation did not occur in any of the 13 stifles available for in-hospital follow-up.

Clinical significance: The TPLO-TTT was found to be a reliable and effective technique when used as a part of the treatment of combined cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with concomitant medial patellar luxation in this series of dogs.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-15-12-0195.
Clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy in various dog breeds
Authors: Harms Oliver , Konar Martin , Staudacher Anne , Langer Anna , Thiel Cetina , Kramer Martin , Schaub Sebastian , von Pückler Kerstin , Kaiser Susanne
Published: October 2016

Objectives: To describe clinical, radio-graphic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 16 dogs diagnosed with gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of medical records, radiographs, and MRI results, as well as follow-up completed by telephone questionnaire.

Results: Most dogs had chronic hindlimb lameness with no history of trauma or athletic activities. Clinical examination revealed signs of pain on palpation without stifle joint instability. Seven dogs had radiographic signs of osteophyte formation on the lateral fabella. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed T2 hyperintensity and uptake of contrast agent in the region of the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle. Changes were found in the lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius. Conservative treatment resulted in return to full function in 11 dogs. Two dogs showed partial restoration of normal function, one dog showed no improvement. Two dogs were lost to follow-up.

Clinical significance: Gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy is a potential cause of chronic hindlimb lameness in medium to large breed dogs. A history of athletic activity must not necessarily be present. Magnetic resonance imaging shows signal changes and uptake of contrast agent in the region of the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle. A combination of T1 pre- and post-contrast administration and T2 weighted sequences completed by a fat-suppressed sequence in the sagittal plane are well-suited for diagnosis. Conservative treatment generally results in return to normal function.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-01-0015.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Pinus armandii (Pinaceae), an endemic conifer species to China
Authors: Dong Wan‐Lin , Wang Ruo‐Nan , Yan Xiao‐Hao , Niu Chuan , Gong Lin‐Lin , Li Zhong‐Hu
Published: October 2016

Premise of the study:

Pinus armandii (Pinaceae) is an important conifer tree species in central and southwestern China, and it plays a key role in the local forest ecosystems. To investigate its population genetics and design effective conservation strategies, we characterized 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers for this species.

Methods and Results:

Eighteen novel polymorphic and 16 monomorphic microsatellite loci of P. armandii were isolated using Illumina MiSeq technology. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.061 to 0.609 with an average of 0.384, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.063 to 0.947 with an average of 0.436. Seventeen loci could be successfully transferred to five related Pinus species (P. koraiensis, P. griffithii, P. sibirica, P. pumila, and P. bungeana).

Conclusions:

These novel microsatellites could potentially be used to investigate the population genetics of P. armandii and related species.
Microbiological Trends and Antimicrobial Resistance in Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis, 2005 to 2014
Authors: Zelenitsky Sheryl A. , Howarth Jacy , Lagacé-Wiens Philippe , Sathianathan Christie , Ariano Robert , Davis Christine , Verrelli Mauro
Published: October 2016

Background

Information related to the microbiology of peritonitis is critical to the optimal management of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). The goal was to characterize the microbiological etiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of PD-related peritonitis (PDRP) from 2005 to 2014, inclusive.

Methods

The distribution of organisms in culture-positive PDRP was described for new episodes and relapse infections, and further detailed for monomicrobial and polymicrobial peritonitis. Annual and overall rates of PDRP were also characterized. Antimicrobial susceptibility rates were calculated for the most common and significant organisms.

Results

We identified 539 episodes of PDRP including 501 new and 38 relapse infections. New episodes of peritonitis were associated with a single organism in 85% of cases, and 44% of those involved staphylococci. Polymicrobial PDRP was more likely to involve gram-negative organisms, observed in 58% versus 24% of monomicrobial infections. Antimicrobial resistance was relatively stable from 2005 to 2014. Methicillin resistance was present in 57% of Staphylococcus epidermidis and 20% of other coagulase-negative staphylococci. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for only 11% of S. aureus peritonitis compared with 2% in our previous study of PDRP from 1991 to 1998. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli increased from 3% in our previous study to 24% in 2005 – 2014.

Conclusions

This study characterizes important differences in the distribution of organisms in new episodes of PDRP and relapse infections, as well as monomicrobial versus polymicrobial peritonitis. It also shows relatively stable rates of antimicrobial resistance from 2005 to 2014, but some increases compared with our previous study.
Palladium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadiene with alcohols
Authors: Tait Katrina , Alrifai Oday , Boutin Rebecca , Haner Jamie , Tam William
Published: October 2016

Palladium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadiene derivatives using alcohol nucleophiles were investigated. The optimal conditions were found to be 10 mol % PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in methanol, offering yields up to 92%. The reaction was successful using primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol nucleophiles and was compatible with a variety of substituents on cyclopropanated oxabenzonorbornadiene. With unsymmetrical C1-substituted cyclopropanated 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes, the regioselectivity of the reaction was excellent, forming only one regioisomer in all cases.
FROM ORDER TO CHAOS IN EARTH SATELLITE ORBITS
Authors: Gkolias Ioannis , Daquin Jérôme , Gachet Fabien , Rosengren Aaron J.
Published: October 2016

We consider Earth satellite orbits in the range of semimajor axes where the perturbing effects of Earth’s oblateness and lunisolar gravity are of comparable order. This range covers the medium-Earth orbits (MEO) of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and the geosynchronous orbits (GEO) of the communication satellites. We recall a secular and quadrupolar model, based on the Milankovitch vector formulation of perturbation theory, which governs the long-term orbital evolution subject to the predominant gravitational interactions. We study the global dynamics of this two-and-a-half degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian system by means of the fast Lyapunov indicator (FLI), used in a statistical sense. Specifically, we characterize the degree of chaoticity of the action space using angle-averaged normalized FLI maps, thereby overcoming the angle dependencies of the conventional stability maps. Emphasis is placed upon the phase-space structures near secular resonances, which are of primary importance to the space debris community. We confirm and quantify the transition from order to chaos in MEO, stemming from the critical inclinations and find that highly inclined GEO orbits are particularly unstable. Despite their reputed normality, Earth satellite orbits can possess an extraordinarily rich spectrum of dynamical behaviors and, from a mathematical perspective, have all the complications that make them very interesting candidates for testing the modern tools of chaos theory.
THE SECOND ARECIBO SEARCH FOR 5 GHz RADIO FLARES FROM ULTRACOOL DWARFS
Authors: Route Matthew , Wolszczan Alexander
Published: October 2016

We describe our second installment of the 4.75 GHz survey of ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) conducted with the Arecibo radio telescope, which has observed 27 such objects and resulted in the detection of sporadic flaring from the T6 dwarf, WISEPC J112254.73+255021.5. We also present follow-up observations of the first radio-emitting T dwarf, 2MASS J10475385+2124234, a tentatively identified radio-emitting L1 dwarf, 2MASS J1439284+192915, and the known radio-flaring source, 2MASS J13142039+132011 AB. Our new data indicate that 2MASS J1439284+192915 is not a radio-flaring source. The overall detection rate of our unbiased survey for radio-flaring UCDs is ∼5% for new sources, with a detection rate for each spectral class of ∼5%–10%. Evidently, radio luminosity of the UCDs does not appear to monotonically decline with spectral type from M7 dwarfs to giant planets, contradictory to theories of the magnetic field generation and the internal structure of these objects. Along with other, recently published results, our data exemplify the unique value of using radio surveys to reveal and study properties of substellar magnetic activity.
THE TEMPERATURE EFFECT IN SECONDARY COSMIC RAYS (MUONS) OBSERVED AT THE GROUND: ANALYSIS OF THE GLOBAL MUON DETECTOR NETWORK DATA
Authors: de Mendonça R. R. S. , Braga C. R. , Echer E. , Dal Lago A. , Munakata K. , Kuwabara T. , Kozai M. , Kato C. , Rockenbach M. , Schuch N. J. , Al Jassar H. K. , Sharma M. M. , Tokumaru M. , Duldig M. L. , Humble J. E. , Evenson P. , Sabbah I.
Published: October 2016

The analysis of cosmic ray intensity variation seen by muon detectors at Earth's surface can help us to understand astrophysical, solar, interplanetary and geomagnetic phenomena. However, before comparing cosmic ray intensity variations with extraterrestrial phenomena, it is necessary to take into account atmospheric effects such as the temperature effect. In this work, we analyzed this effect on the Global Muon Detector Network (GMDN), which is composed of four ground-based detectors, two in the northern hemisphere and two in the southern hemisphere. In general, we found a higher temperature influence on detectors located in the northern hemisphere. Besides that, we noticed that the seasonal temperature variation observed at the ground and at the altitude of maximum muon production are in antiphase for all GMDN locations (low-latitude regions). In this way, contrary to what is expected in high-latitude regions, the ground muon intensity decrease occurring during summertime would be related to both parts of the temperature effect (the negative and the positive). We analyzed several methods to describe the temperature effect on cosmic ray intensity. We found that the mass weighted method is the one that best reproduces the seasonal cosmic ray variation observed by the GMDN detectors and allows the highest correlation with long-term variation of the cosmic ray intensity seen by neutron monitors.
AMiBA: CLUSTER SUNYAEV–ZEL’DOVICH EFFECT OBSERVATIONS WITH THE EXPANDED 13-ELEMENT ARRAY
Authors: Lin Kai-Yang , Nishioka Hiroaki , Wang Fu-Cheng , Huang Chih-Wei Locutus , Liao Yu-Wei , Wu Jiun-Huei Proty , Koch Patrick M. , Umetsu Keiichi , Chen Ming-Tang , Chan Shun-Hsiang , Chang Shu-Hao , Chang Wen-Hsuan Lucky , Cheng Tai-An , Duy Hoang Ngoc , Fu Szu-Yuan , Han Chih-Chiang , Ho Solomon , Ho Ming-Feng , Ho Paul T. P. , Huang Yau-De , Jiang Homin , Kubo Derek Y. , Li Chao-Te , Lin Yu-Chiung , Liu Guo-Chin , Martin-Cocher Pierre , Molnar Sandor M. , Nunez Emmanuel , Oshiro Peter , Pai Shang-Ping , Raffin Philippe , Ridenour Anthony , Shih Chia-You , Stoebner Sara , Teo Giap-Siong , Yeh Jia-Long Johnny , Williams Joshua , Birkinshaw Mark
Published: October 2016

The Yuan-Tseh Lee Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy (AMiBA) is a co-planar interferometer array operating at a wavelength of 3 mm to measure the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) of galaxy clusters at arcminute scales. The first phase of operation—with a compact 7-element array with 0.6 m antennas (AMiBA-7)—observed six clusters at angular scales from

to

. Here, we describe the expansion of AMiBA to a 13-element array with 1.2 m antennas (AMiBA-13), its subsequent commissioning, and cluster SZE observing program. The most noticeable changes compared to AMiBA-7 are (1) array re-configuration with baselines ranging from 1.4 m to 4.8 m, allowing us to sample structures between

and

, (2) 13 new lightweight carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) 1.2 m reflectors, and (3) additional correlators and six new receivers. Since the reflectors are co-mounted on and distributed over the entire six-meter CFRP platform, a refined hexapod pointing error model and phase error correction scheme have been developed for AMiBA-13. These effects—entirely negligible for the earlier central close-packed AMiBA-7 configuration—can lead to additional geometrical delays during observations. Our correction scheme recovers at least 80 ± 5% of the point-source fluxes. We, therefore, apply an upward correcting factor of 1.25 to our visibilities to correct for phase decoherence, and a ±5% systematic uncertainty is added in quadrature with our statistical errors. We demonstrate the absence of further systematics with a noise level consistent with zero in stacked uv-visibilities. From the AMiBA-13 SZE observing program, we present here maps of a subset of 12 clusters with signal-to-noise ratios above five. We demonstrate combining AMiBA-7 with AMiBA-13 observations on Abell 1689, by jointly fitting their data to a generalized Navarro–Frenk–White model. Our cylindrically integrated Compton-y values for five radii are consistent with results from the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Array, the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Array, and the Planck Observatory. We also report the first targeted SZE detection toward the optically selected cluster RCS J1447+0828, and we demonstrate the ability of AMiBA SZE data to serve as a proxy for the total cluster mass. Finally, we show that our AMiBA-SZE derived cluster masses are consistent with recent lensing mass measurements in the literature.
Efecto de la corriente pulsada en el proceso de soldadura GTAW en titanio 6Al4V con y sin metal de aporte
Authors: Cruz-González Celso E. , Gala-Barrón Héctor I. , Mosquera-Artamonov José D. , Gámez-Cuatzin Hugo
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo se determinó la influencia de la corriente continua, la corriente pulsada con 20 y 50 Hz de frecuencia en las propiedades mecánicas, microestructura así como ancho del cordón del proceso de soldadura GTAW en titanio 6Al4V de 1,6 mm de espesor. Se realizó un diseño de experimentos factorial completo con tres réplicas. En el diseño de experimentos fueron analizados los factores, como el uso de aporte y frecuencia. Se consideraron dos niveles para el factor metal de aporte cuyo nivel máximo es el uso de aporte y el mínimo sin uso de aporte. Para el caso de la frecuencia se consideraron tres niveles, siendo el mínimo, corriente continua, 20 Hz como nivel medio y 50 Hz como nivel máximo. Se realizaron ensayos mecánicos de tensión, microdureza Vickers 500 g, así como macro y micrografías de las uniones soldadas. Se encontró que las propiedades mecánicas de la unión son afectadas significativamente (valor P < 0,05) con respecto a la frecuencia, tanto utilizando metal de aporte, o sin el uso de este. El ancho de cara y raíz disminuyó cuando ocurrió un cambio de corriente continua a 20 Hz, mientras que de 20 a 50 Hz no presentó un cambio significativo.
Estudio experimental sobre la resistencia a la fractura de los aceros de resistencia soldada por puntos DP 450, láminas de acero galvanizado y sin galvanizar utilizados en la estructura del automóvil
Authors: Sevim Ibrahim
Published: October 2016

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la tenacidad de fractura de los aceros dual (DP) soldados por puntos de resistencia (RSW). En la máquina de soldadura por puntos se realizó la soldadura de láminas de acero DP 450 galvanizado y sin galvanizar. A partir de los ensayos de tracción-cizallamiento, se calculó la tenacidad a la fractura de las uniones del acero DP 450 galvanizado y sin galvanizar. Aplicando el método de mínimos cuadrados (LSM) se desarrollaron nuevas ecuaciones empíricas entre el porcentaje de energía liberada, la tenacidad de fractura y el tamaño de grieta crítica en función de la relación entre los valores de tenacidad de fractura y de dureza. Los resultados indicaron que la tenacidad de fractura de las uniones soldadas por RSW aumentó exponencialmente, mientras que la dureza disminuyó. Además, el porcentaje de energía liberada de las láminas de acero DP 450 galvanizadas y soldadas fueron menores que en el caso de las láminas sin galvanizar a valores iguales de dureza.
Efecto del polvo “Ekabor 2” en las propiedades mecánicas del hierro puro como material compacto pulvimetalúrgico
Authors: Altintaş Ayberk , Sarigün Yetkin , Çavdar Uğur
Published: October 2016

Se mezclaron diferentes cantidades de polvo denominado “Ekabor 2”, el cual se utiliza en mezclas de polvo tipo V, con hierro puro en polvo. La muestras se obtuvieron por prensado en seco seguido de prensa isostática en frío a una presión de 100 bar, con el objeto de redimensionar la muestra. Se llevó a cabo el proceso de sinterización convencional a 900 °C y 950 °C durante 4 h utilizando hornos convencionales. Las muestras se enfriaron gradualmente en aire. Las pastillas sinterizadas (pellets) se examinaron en términos de densidad, resistencia a la abrasión, rugosidad y dureza a 900 °C y 950 °C. Se observó la microestructura de las pastillas por microscopía óptica. Los resultados mostraron un aumento gradual de la dureza con la adición de 0 % en peso a 10% en peso de polvo Ekabor 2. Sin embargo, para mayores cantidades del 10% en peso se observó una tendencia a disminuir en la dureza.
Estructuras ordenadas L10 en aleaciones Al-Cu-(Mg) en los estados iniciales de envejecimiento a temperaturas elevadas
Authors: Fuzhong Xia , Mingpu Wang
Published: October 2016

En este trabajo se estudian las estructuras de precipitación en Al-3Cu y Al-3Cu-1,78Mg (% en peso) en los estados iniciales de envejecimiento a temperatura elevada. Las aleaciones Al-3Cu y Al-3Cu-1.78 Mg fueron sometidas a un tratamiento térmico de solución de 2 h a 540 °C y 500 °C, respectivamente, y posteriormente envejecidas 2 min a 190 °C. Las estructuras de precipitación en Al-3Cu-(1.78Mg) envejecido fueron caracterizadas por microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) y por microscopía electrónica de transmisión de alta resolución (HTREM). Los diagramas de difracción de electrones de área seleccionada indican que se forman estructuras ordenadas L10 en las dos aleaciones envejecidas. Experimentos de HRTEM revelan la presencia de dislocaciones parciales en las intercaras de las estructuras L10 ordenadas. Comparando estos resultados experimentales con la bibliografía, se concluye que la estructura ordenada L10 en Al-3Cu envejecido consiste de átomos de Al y Cu, y en la aleación Al-3Cu-1.78Mg envejecida consisten de átomos de Al, Cu y Mg. Sobre la base de la termodinámica del crecimiento de los precipitados, se propone que la estructura ordenada L10 actúa como de nucleación de las zonas GP en las aleaciones Al-Cu-(Mg) durante el envejecimiento.
Diseño de recubrimientos multicapa barrera-biomimético base TEOS-GPTMS sobre la aleación de magnesio Elektron 21 de potencial aplicación en la fabricación de implantes ortopédicos
Authors: Rueda Laura M. , Hernández Carlos A. , Viejo Fernando , Coy Ana E. , Mosa Jadra , Aparicio Mario
Published: October 2016

En el presente estudio se sintetizaron recubrimientos híbridos multicapa barrera-biomimético vía sol-gel sobre la aleación de magnesio Elektron 21, de potencial aplicación en el diseño de implantes ortopédicos de uso temporal. Para la síntesis sol-gel se empleó mezclas de los precursores de películas inorgánicas, TEOS, orgánicas y GPTMS. Se prepararon soles para el desarrollo del recubrimiento barrera frente al proceso de corrosión (soles GT); y soles con incorporación de nitrato de calcio en diferentes concentraciones (soles GTCa), para el desarrollo de los recubrimientos biomiméticos que fueron depositados sobre el recubrimiento GT. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que el recubrimiento GT incrementó la resistencia a la corrosión de la aleación en solución Hank, reduciendo la densidad de corriente de corrosión alrededor de dos órdenes de magnitud. Asimismo, la incorporación de Ca(II) a los recubrimientos GTCa favoreció la formación de una película discontinua de hidroxiapatita superficial, indicando que estos recubrimientos presentan carácter bioactivo.
Si c’était à refaire... ou : de la difficulté de traduire ce que Confucius n’a pas dit
Authors: Cheng Anne
Published: October 2016

Since the first translation of the Confucian Analects into a European language in 1687, translators have concentrated on the discursive and notional contents of the text. The challenge today consists in discerning the specific traits of the type of wisdom that is expressed not only in Confucius’ words but also in what he did not say, i.e. his gestures, his silences and his frequent refusal to speak. This paper examines how modem translators have dealt with the Master’s reticence to speak by chronologically reviewing different translations of Lunyu IX, 1: , one of the most controversial pieces in the small world of “Lunyulogy”, into French, English, German and Italian.The problem with this passage is that it is grammatically possible to under-stand and translate the sentence as most Chinese commentators and occidental translators have done: “The Master seldom spoke of profit, of destiny and of ren is taken here as a coordinative particle meaning “and”. From the point of view of contents however, this reading seems to contradict the evidence from the Lunyu as a whole: ren is the object of no less than 48 of the Analects’ 499 sections and can thus hardly be called a topic that the Master rarely touched upon. In order to avoid the apparent contradiction, a number of commentators and translators have proposed to take yu as a verb synonymous to xu (“The Master seldom spoke of profit. But he gave instructions on destiny and on ren.”) or as meaning “in comparison with” (“The master discussed material gain more rarely than the Will of Heaven and humaneness”). Yet, nobody has been able to present sufficient proof for either reading. Most recent interpreters have therefore more or less resignatively reverted to the traditional understanding.The saga illustrates Ezra Pound’s remark that “some translators think of everything ... save what the original author was driving at”. Rather than quibble about the meaning of yu or reason in statistical terms, why not concern oneself with the interpretation of yan ? As Liu Xie observed, Confucius’ disciples were well aware that the Master spoke in “subtle terms” (wei yan ). Is it unconceivable that han yan designates a mode of communication analoguous to wei yan, relying not exclusively on discursive language but also on allusions and silences? Questions of this kind make the decision worthwhile to add a new version to the pile of existing translations, even of a “seminal” text like the Lunyu, if it were to be redone.J.K.
Paysage et bois sacré : ἅλσος dans la Périégèse de la Grèce de Pausanias
Authors: Jacob Christian
Published: October 2016

L’ἅλσος est un élément récurrent du paysage religieux dans la Périégèse de la Grèce de Pausanias. Les descriptions qui en sont données ne permettent guère de conclure à une identité forte du “bois sacré” par rapport à d’autres types de sanctuaires : ni les divinités concernées, ni l’aménagement, ni les rituels, ni les espèces végétales, ni la localisation ne constituent des critères spécifiques. Le bois n’est pas sacré en lui-même. Il doit son statut aux divinités qu’il abrite. Les auteurs grecs évoquent souvent la beauté et l’agrément de ce type de paysage boisé.
Un lucus di Giove alle radici del Vesuvio
Authors: Jacob Christian
Published: October 2016

Durante recenti scavi nell'area della villa romana di Contrada Sora, a Torre del Greco, è stato possibile recuperare un'ara marmorea con iscrizione menzionante un boschetto sacro a Giove, databile alla fine del II-III secolo d.C. che testimonia una ripresa dell'occupazione dell'area dopo l'eruzione del 79. Il culto è connesso ai fenomeni vulcanici (un altro lucus di Giove è significativamente noto da Claudiano sull'Etna).
Les voix oraculaires
Authors: Briquel Dominique
Published: October 2016

Pour les Romains toute forêt était le lieu d’une présence divine. Celle-ci était susceptible de donner lieu à des manifestations vocales à caractère prophétique, qui étaient rapportées au dieu Faunus ou à des entités mal définies comme Aius Locutius. Mais ces manifestations du sacré renvoient à un stade primitif, préculturel, et ne correspondent pas au mode normal de communication entre les hommes et les dieux établi dans le cadre de la cité.
Frazer et ses bois sacrés
Authors: Beard Mary
Published: October 2016

Cet article considère la place des bois sacrés — particulièrement le bois sacré de Nemi —dans l’œuvre de James Frazer. Tout en admettant que l’œuvre de Frazer contribue peu à l’analyse moderne des luci, l’auteur montre l’importance du bois sacré de Nemi (et de son rameau d’or) non seulement à l’intérieur de la structure littéraire de son livre, mais aussi pour sa contribution à une grande popularité dans le monde anglo-saxon.
Les lois frumentaires d’époque républicaine
Authors: Virlouvet Catherine
Published: October 2016

Réexamen de l’ensemble des témoignages portant sur les lois et projets de loi frumentaires d’époque républicaine, de Caius Gracchus à Clodius. Un certain nombre d’incertitudes demeurent tant sur leur datation que sur leur contenu. L’étude s’attache en particulier à tenter de déterminer les critères d’admission au bénéfice du blé public prévus par ces lois, pour proposer une évaluation du nombre des ayants-droit et de ses variations et, par là-même, des quantités de grains nécessaires pour les frumentationes. Un examen minutieux des textes permet de penser qu’un enregistrement particulier des bénéficiaires du blé public a sans doute existé dès l’époque républicaine, contrairement à l’idée couramment admise qui attribue à César la création des registres du frumentum publicum.
Un mode de transport méconnu : les animaux de bât
Authors: Gall Joël Le
Published: October 2016

Malgré la rareté des mentions littéraires et des représentations iconographiques, il est évident que l’emploi des animaux de bât était fréquent dans l’Italie antique. Susceptibles de porter des charges importantes, ces animaux, souvent regroupés en mandrae, pouvaient assurer le transport des denrées agricoles aussi bien dans les campagnes qu’à l’intérieur des villes, notamment pour l’approvisionnement des boulangeries.
An Imperial Flour Mill on the Janiculum
Authors: Bell III Malcolm
Published: October 2016

Nel 1990e ancora nel 1991 scavi di emergenza sul Gianicolo hanno portato alla luce i resti di un mulino ad acqua, precedentemente conosciuto soltanto tramite uno schizzo eseguito nel 1886 dal Lanciani. 11 mulino consiste in due canali paralleli, a fianco dello speco dell’Aqua Traiano. Nei canali erano sistemate ruote "undershot" mosse dall’acqua proveniente dall’acquedotto. La larghezza delle ruote è stata accertata (ca. 1. 70 m). La costruzione di un mulino pubblico nella prima metà del III sec. può essere col legata con la contemporanea fusione delle distributiones e dell’ufficio del curator aquarum.
Pompéi et le ravitaillement en blé et autres produits de l’agriculture (Ier siècle ap. J.-C.)
Authors: Andreau Jean
Published: October 2016

Dans un livre récent, W. Jongman a soutenu que la région de Pompéi, au Ier s. ap, J. -C., produisait moins de vin et plus de blé qu’on ne le pense d’habitude, et que les transactions commerciales portant sur des données agricoles étaient bien moindres. Cet article examine et discute la thèse de W. Jongman, en tenant compte de l’ensemble de la documentation disponible.
Le patronage de Cicéron et l’arrivée des blés de Sicile à Rome
Authors: Deniaux Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

Sous la République, les édiles, chargés de la cura annonae, complétaient parfois avec leur propre argent les sommes qui leur étaient allouées par l’Etat à cet effet. Il est, en revanche, peu fréquent de voir comment leurs clientèles peuvent les aider à faire face à cette charge. En 69 av. J. -C., au moment d’une grave crise frumentaire, l’édile Cicéron fit diminuer le prix des céréales grâce aux libéralités des Siciliens. Pour interpréter cet acte exceptionnel de générosité, plusieurs autres exemples d’envois de céréales, qui furent l’expression de la reconnaissance et de la dépendance d’un individu ou d’une collectivité, ont été examinés.
Massalia -Sardegna-Sicilia: la rotta commerciale epoca ellenistica
Authors: Manganaro Giacomo
Published: October 2016

Grazie soprattutto all’apporto della documentazione epigraficae dei dati archeologici (monete, anfore). l’A. individua due strade che collegavano Marsiglia alla Sicilia. Una, passando per la Campaniae lo Stretto, raggiungeva Siracusa (proseguendo eventualmente verso la Grecia); l’altra, attraversando la Sardegna, arrivava a Lilibeo (proseguendo eventualmente verso la Spagna).
Les femmes qui restent, ressorts de l’économie familiale d’archipel au Mexique
Authors: Michel Aurélia
Published: October 2016

Dans les régions rurales du Sud-est mexicain, les expériences migratoires à échelle nationale et internationale s’accumulent durant les années 1940. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d’une réforme agraire depuis cette époque a conduit à renforcer l’ancrage des familles sur place, si bien qu’au fil des générations, les familles se sont constituées en archipel dans l’espace régional. Or, les liens qui unissent les membres de cet archipel sont volontiers investis et entretenus par les femmes, pour plusieurs raisons que nous analysons dans cet article : la valorisation économique de la contribution des femmes à la famille, l’accès des femmes à l’emploi salarié, ainsi que la distance, conduisent à faire reconnaître le rôle des femmes dans l’économie d’archipel et ainsi à favoriser leur accès au foncier. Des trajectoires individuelles et familiales observées à Zanatepec, dans l’État de Oaxaca, servent de support à cette analyse.
« Une femme en Côte d’Ivoire, une femme au Burkina Faso »
Authors: Ruf François
Published: October 2016

La Côte d’Ivoire, dans sa diversité de régions de forêt et de savane, et le Burkina Faso sont historiquement liés dans la construction de l’économie de plantation villageoise ivoirienne, fondée sur le binôme « café/cacao ». La terre de la première a toujours eu besoin du travail des habitants du second. Cette rencontre entre terre et travail a pu se réaliser avec peu de capital et sans capitalistes dans la sphère de production. Les familles d’origine ivoirienne et burkinabé, en majorité des migrants, constituent toujours l’ossature du secteur cacao. Au sein de la famille, les stratégies évoluent en réseaux, sur plusieurs espaces économiques. La contribution des femmes aux travaux dans les cacaoyères et champs de vivriers attenants est connue. Mais quel pourrait être l’importance et le rôle des femmes de planteurs qui resteraient ou retourneraient « au pays », au « village d’origine » ? Cette question, apparemment peu étudiée, est traitée à travers des enquêtes dans les villages de migration cacaoyère en Côte d’Ivoire, donc auprès des planteurs et maris parlant de leur femme au village d’origine, complétées d’informations collectées auprès des co-épouses restées avec leur mari. Un échantillon de 209 planteurs migrants dont 117 se déclarant d’origine burkinabé, se répartit sur une douzaine de villages de part et d’autre du fleuve Sassandra. Le premier résultat est la fréquence du phénomène, pouvant atteindre 20% des ménages de migrants. En amont de ces résidences de femmes au village d’origine, les stratégies combinent des objectifs de solidarité et sécurité familiale, de scolarité, de maintien des réseaux. Mais ces femmes « au village » accompagnent aussi des investissements conséquents et diversifiés, aux déterminants structurels autour du cacao et du politique : chute du prix du cacao à partir de 1988, baisse des rendements des cacaoyères vieillissantes, crise politico-militaire, nouveaux enjeux fonciers. Ces profonds changements écologiques, économiques, politiques des années 2000 génèrent ou accélèrent le processus de « retour » des femmes au village d’origine, … et du boom spectaculaire de l’anacarde en Côte d’Ivoire. Les femmes y jouent un rôle important, par exemple dans les groupes se réclamant d’une origine Abron/Koulango, aux confins de la frontière Ghanéenne. Leur « retour » au village d’origine peut s’interpréter comme une migration post-cacaoyère, porteuse de diversification et d’investissement. Ces « femmes qui restent ou qui repartent » reflètent l’histoire, les jeux et enjeux de l’économie de plantation ivoirienne ou plutôt « ivoiro/ouest-africaine », mais en écrivent aussi une nouvelle page.
Les migrantes de retour dans la Corne de l’Afrique
Authors: Chiré Amina Saïd , Tamru Bezunesh
Published: October 2016

La demande croissante en personnel domestique dans la République de Djibouti et dans les pays du Moyen-Orient encourage la migration de femmes originaires d’Éthiopie et de la Somalie. Pendant leurs périodes d’expatriation, les migrantes mettent en œuvre plusieurs stratégies pour réussir un retour synonyme d’ascension sociale. Notre étude interroge ces retours en termes de modes d’installation et de réinsertion socio-spatiales en Éthiopie. En effet, l’étude montre qu’un « retour » pour être un «  rester » abouti et définitif doit passer par d’innombrables allers/retours internationaux suivis par des mobilités localement renouvelées. Les retours et les « resters » privilégient le milieu urbain, le cas éthiopien révèle ainsi une nette prédilection pour les installations dans des villes secondaires et les périphéries de la capitale. Au-delà, nos observations dévoilent la façon dont les migrantes de retour réinterrogent les mutations urbaines par leurs spécificités tout autant sociales que « genrées ».