bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A conversation between hyphenated spectroscopic techniques and phytometabolites from medicinal plants
Authors: Puri Shivani , Sahal Dinkar , Sharma Upendra
Published: September 2021

Medicinal plant metabolomics has emerged as a goldmine for the natural product chemists. It provides a pool of bioactive phytoconstituents leading to accelerated novel discoveries and the elucidation of a variety of biosynthetic pathways. Further, it also acts as an innovative tool for herbal medicine's scientific validation and quality assurance. This review highlights different strategies and analytical techniques employed in the practice of metabolomics. Further, it also discusses several other applications and advantages of metabolomics in the area of natural product chemistry. Additional examples of integrating metabolomics with multivariate data analysis techniques for some Indian medicinal plants are also reviewed. Recent technical advances in mass spectrometry‐based hyphenated techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance‐based techniques, and comprehensive hyphenated technologies for phytometabolite profiling studies have also been reviewed. Mass Spectral Imaging (MSI) has been presented as a highly promising method for high precision in situ spatiotemporal monitoring of phytometabolites. We conclude by introducing GNPS (Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking) as an emerging platform to make social networks of related molecules, to explore data and to annotate more metabolites, and expand the networks to novel “predictive” metabolites that can be validated.
Facile hydrothermal fabrication of functionalized multi‐layer graphene oxide encapsulated chitosan beads for enriched fluoride adsorption
Authors: Jeyaseelan Antonysamy , Mezni Amine , Viswanathan Natrayasamy
Published: September 2021

The present exploration was focused on the fabrication of environmental friendly adsorbent materials using graphene oxide (GO) and chitosan (CS). To modify GO by functionalization with sulphonic acid gives sulfonated GO (SGO), which possess high defluoridation capacity (DC) than GO. To boost the DC, easily separation and make it in an exploitable form of SGO material, SGO was incorporated onto biopolymer CS gives SGO/CS hybrid composite beads and employed for efficient defluoridation of water. The various influencing parameters of adsorption system viz., shaking time, adsorbate pH, initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and interfering anions were optimized to obtain the highest DC. The DC of SGO/CS composite beads were found to be 4950 mg.kg−1 within 30 min for 10 mg/L of preliminary adsorbate solution by 0.1 g dosage. The surface and structural characterization/properties of the prepared SGO/CS composite beads were evaluated by FTIR, TGA, SEM, and XPS investigations. The attained equilibrium data were predicted by isotherms like Fruendlich, Dubinin‐Radushkevich (D‐R), and Langmuir. The acquired equilibrium data of thermodynamic investigations facilitate to predict the nature of fluoride adsorption process onto SGO/CS composite beads. The plausible defluoridation mechanism of SGO/CS composite beads was discussed in detail. The applicability of SGO/CS beads was investigated at field environment with field water sample.
Synthesis of Pentacyclic Framework of Herquline A
Authors: Kim Thomas Taehyung , Lee Chungwoo , Heo Seongrok , Lee Hee‐Seung , Han Sunkyu
Published: September 2021

The highly strained bowl‐shaped pentacyclic structure of herquline A has rendered it one of the most difficult problems in organic synthesis yet to be solved. The challenges associated with the synthesis of herquline A have been well documented in four Ph.D. dissertations and in multiple reports regarding syntheses of its structurally simpler congeners. Herein, we report the construction of the pentacyclic core of herquline A that contains both N10−C2 and C3−C3′ bonds. The key for success was the development of the tandem aza‐Michael addition/enolate capture protocol that set the stage for subsequent palladium catalyzed C3(sp2)−C3′(sp2) coupling reaction. Ensuing oxidative dearomatization of the left aryl ring allowed the formation of the pentacyclic diketone core of herquline A.
Photo‐Controlled Macroscopic Self‐Assembly Based on Photo‐Switchable Hetero‐Complementary Quadruple Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Han Shi‐Tao , Duan Hong‐Ying , Chen Lan‐Yun , Zhan Tian‐Guang , Liu Li‐Juan , Kong Li‐Chun , Zhang Kang‐Da
Published: September 2021

A photo‐switchable hetero‐complementary quadruple H‐bonding array, which consists of an azobenzene‐derived ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) module (Azo‐UPy) and a nonphotoactive diamidonaphthyridine (DAN) derivative (Napy‐1), is constructed based on a reversible photo‐locking approach. Upon UV (390 nm)/Vis (460 nm) light irradiations, photo‐switchable quadruple H‐bonded dimerization between Azo‐UPy and Napy‐1 can be achieved with exhibiting 4.8×104‐fold differences in binding strength (ON/OFF ratios). Furthermore, smart polymeric gels with unique photo‐controlled macroscopic self‐assembly behavior can be fabricated by introducing such quadruple H‐bonding array as photo‐regulable noncovalent interfacial connections.
Steric Influence on Reactions of Benzyl Potassium Species with CO
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Xu Maotong , Jupp Andrew R. , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: September 2021

Reactions of benzyl potassium species with CO are shown to proceed via transient carbene‐like intermediates that can undergo either dimerization or further CO propagation. In a sterically unhindered case, formal dimerization of the carbene is the dominant reaction pathway, as evidenced by the isolation of ((Ph3SiO)(PhCH2)C)2 2 and PhCH2C(O)CH(OH)CH2Ph 3. Reactions with increasingly sterically encumbered reagents show competitive reaction pathways involving intermolecular dimerization leading to species analogous to 2 and 3 and those containing newly‐formed five‐membered rings tBu2C6H2(C(OSiR3)C(OSiR3)CH2) (R=Me 6, Ph 7). Even further encumbered reagents proceed to either dimerize or react with additional CO to give a ketene‐like intermediates, thus affording a 7‐membered tropolone derivative 14 or the dione (3,5‐tBu2C6H3)3C6H2CH2C(O))2 15.
Stabilization and control of switched singular systems with impulse under a new average dwell time strategy
Authors: Yu Qiang , Li Yijing
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we extend the Φ‐dependent average dwell time approach to impulsive switched singular systems with stable and unstable subsystems and discuss its stability problem. Under the improved Φ‐dependent average dwell time and multiple discontinuous Lyapunov functions approaches, some new stability criteria of impulsive switched singular systems are obtained. In particular, average dwell time and mode‐dependent dwell time approaches that are discussed in many works can also be unified to our approach. And based on the new approach, stability results of some special switched systems are given. Finally, a numerical example is discussed to illustrate the merits of the method.
Analysis of the SPARK study COVID‐19 parent survey: Early impact of the pandemic on access to services, child/parent mental health, and benefits of online services
Authors: Bhat Anjana
Published: September 2021

Children with ASD receive a multitude of educational, medical, and therapeutic services. At the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, all of these services came to a complete halt following strict lockdowns. Many services have resumed in a hybrid format using face to face and virtual modes of delivery. This study describes findings from the COVID‐19 impact survey administered at the onset of the pandemic in a subgroup of families from the SPARK cohort (N = 6393), one of the largest ASD cohorts in the US. The differential early impact of COVID‐19 on various subgroups of children with ASD and their families was examined. Caregivers of children and adolescents with ASD between 19 months and 18 years completed an online survey inquiring about the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on access to services, parent concerns about the same, impact on child's ASD‐related behaviors, child, and parent mental health, and the benefits/potential benefits of online/future online services. Analysis revealed that certain demographic (age, income/SES) and child‐related factors (repetitive behaviors, language, functional, cognitive, and motor impairments, and child's understanding), as well as parent's past mental health were associated with/predicted greater service disruptions, greater ASD‐related behaviors, and greater negative impact on parent mental health. In conclusion, younger children, children from low‐income families, and children with greater impairment severity (more severe repetitive behaviors, language, cognitive, function, language, and motor impairments) were more negatively impacted by the pandemic through service disruptions, increased ASD‐related behaviors, parent health/family impact, and found online interactions to be less beneficial.

Lay Summary

The SPARK study impact survey shows that at the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, parents reported significant service disruptions, negative impact on their child's ASD‐related behaviors as well as their own mental health; which was greater in families with younger children, children with greater ASD severity, and children from low‐income families. Majority of families did not report significant benefits of online services whereas some families did. Low‐income families were hopeful about receiving benefits through future online services. Overall, these findings have important implications for future clinical care delivery and healthcare policies to ensure that healthcare services are not interrupted during a potential resurgence of COVID‐19 or other pandemics. A combination of in‐person and online healthcare and family support services must be implemented to prevent negative health impacts in the future.
Biegeversuche zur Demonstration wesentlicher Phänomene im Stahlbetonbau
Authors: Schuler Harald , Meier Florian
Published: September 2021

Der einfache Biegeversuch ermöglicht das Aufzeigen vieler grundsätzlicher Phänomene des Biegetragverhaltens im Stahlbetonbau. Geht man die Last‐Verformungskurve hoch, kommt es zu einem Steifigkeitsabfall durch die Bildung erster Risse und der Querschnitt geht vom ungerissenen in den gerissenen Querschnitt über. Bei weiterer Lastaufbringung vervollständigen sich die Risse zum abgeschlossen Rissbild. Danach bleibt das Rissbild konstant und die Bewehrung beginnt zu fließen. Fährt man mit der Lastaufbringung fort, krümmt sich der Träger zunehmend, bis schlussendlich die Bewehrung reißt oder die Betondruckzone versagt. Die Gebrauchstauglichkeits‐ und Tragsicherheitszustände können innerhalb dieser Last‐Verformungskurve zugeordnet werden. Für Studierende und auch spätere Tragwerksplaner*innen ist es wichtig, die Kenntnisse über das Biegetragverhalten sicher zu beherrschen, und dazu können Versuche einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten. In diesem Aufsatz werden Laborversuche vorgestellt, die das Ziel haben, die wesentlichen Phänomene des Biegetragverhaltes von Stahlbeton sichtbar zu machen. Dazu wird ein Biegetragelement, wie es im üblichen Wohnungs‐ oder Bürobau auftritt, betrachtet. Von Studierenden der Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz (FHNW) wurden die Experimente vorausberechnet, die Probeköper hergestellt und gemeinsam mit Mitarbeitenden getestet. Es war beeindruckend, wie viele Phänomene des Biegetragveraltens im Stahlbetonbau mit nur vier einfachen Balken nachvollzogen werden konnten.
Redox‐sensitive signaling pathways in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Cruz‐Gregorio Alfredo , Aranda‐Rivera Ana Karina , Pedraza‐Chaverri José , Solano José D. , Ibarra‐Rubio María Elena
Published: September 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urological cancers, highly resistant to chemo and radiotherapy. Obesity and smoking are the best‐known risk factors of RCC, both related to oxidative stress presence, suggesting a significant role in RCC development and maintenance. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for localized RCC; however, this neoplasia is hardly diagnosable at its initial stages, occurring commonly in late phases and even when metastasis is already present. Systemic therapies are the option against RCC in these more advanced stages, such as cytokine therapy or a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors with immunotherapies; nevertheless, these strategies are still insufficient. A field poorly analyzed in this neoplasia is the status of cell signaling pathways sensible to the redox state, which have been associated with the development and maintenance of RCC. This review focuses on alterations reported in the following redox‐sensitive molecules and signaling pathways in RCC: mitogen‐activated protein kinases, protein kinase B (AKT)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2/mammalian target of rapamycin C1, AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3/β‐catenin, nuclear factor κB/inhibitor of κB/epidermal growth factor receptor, and protein kinase Cζ/cut‐like homeodomain protein/factor inhibiting hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)/HIF as potential targets for redox therapy.
Impact of angiogenesis inhibitor eligibility on the prognosis of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutation
Authors: Kodama Hiroaki , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Kawabata Takanori , Notsu Akifumi , Yabe Michitoshi , Nishioka Naoya , Miyawaki Eriko , Miyawaki Taichi , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Wakuda Kazushige , Ono Akira , Naito Tateaki , Murakami Haruyasu , Takahashi Toshiaki
Published: September 2021

Background

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) are currently the primary treatment option for patients with EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effect of EGFR‐TKIs are eventually weakened due to resistance, and there is also a differential efficacy based on EGFR mutation subtypes. The combination of angiogenesis inhibitor (AI) with EGFR‐TKI has shown better efficacy than EGFR‐TKI monotherapy, regardless of the mutation subtypes. Nevertheless, the effect of AI eligibility on overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) remains to be elucidated. Thus, we assessed this impact on patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutation.

Methods

In this study, the data for 450 patients with EGFR‐mutant NSCLC, who were treated with EGFR‐TKI monotherapy, were retrospectively analyzed for AI eligibility. The patients were categorized into AI‐eligible (AI fit) and ineligible groups (AI unfit).

Results

The median PFS of the AI fit group was 12.9 months, compared to 9.6 months in the unfit group (p = 0.007), and OS was also significantly longer in the AI fit group (median OS = 33.0 months) compared to that in the unfit group (18.5 months, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that AI ineligibility was associated with shorter PFS and poor prognosis. Also, in the AI fit group, there was no significant difference in the PFS between EGFR L858R mutation and EGFR exon 19 deletion (median PFS = 11.5 months vs. 13.8 months; p = 0.17).

Conclusions

From our study, AI eligibility resulted in longer OS and PFS, and also had different effects on patients with EGFR L858R and exon 19 deletion. Since this selection bias may have affected previous clinical trial data on the efficacy of AI combination therapy, their results should be carefully considered henceforth.
Personality‐related factors among incarcerated recidivist drug dealers: A path analysis
Authors: Aguiar Annalu Moreira , de Meneses Adriano Moura , de Souza Aranha e Silva Renata Almeida , Baltieri Danilo Antonio
Published: September 2021

Background

Although drug trafficking is one of the most prevalent crimes around the world, drug dealers used to be a hard‐to‐reach population far away from attention by public health programmes. Decisions to participate in such instrumental crimes, however, are based on external and internal factors that could be investigated and perhaps modified.

Aim

To identify drug use problems and personality factors consistently related to the drug trafficking recidivism among incarcerated drug dealers.

Method

Data were from 179 men serving a sentence for drug trafficking in two Brazilian penitentiaries who were asked to complete mainly self‐ratings of alcohol and drug use, impulsiveness, personality and criminological features. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structured equation modelling.

Results

Incarcerated recidivist drug dealers are younger, more likely to be non‐white, have more frequently used illicit drugs before the penalty and have higher alcohol use‐severity than non‐recidivists. Neuroticism, extraversion, severity of alcohol use and drug use before the penalty were each positively correlated with recidivism. Openness to experience was not associated with a history of recidivism but, rather, positively correlated with better school achievement. One third of the men took up the offer of feedback from the research assessment.

Conclusions

Our study showed that social, drug‐related and personality style variables come together to allow likely recidivist drug dealers to be distinguished from those unlikely to resume dealing after imprisonment. Given scarce resources for constructive intervention, this is important. We were impressed by the men's willingness to co‐operate with the study, despite their reputation for being in thrall to the drug trade hierarchy, and by their curiosity about themselves. This bodes well for further investigation of relevant psychological indicators and consequently informed intervention.
Monocyclometalated (C^N) Gold(III) Metallacycles: Tunable Emission and Singlet Oxygen (1O2) Generation Properties
Authors: Malmberg Robert , Suter Dominik , Blacque Olivier , Venkatesan Koushik
Published: September 2021

Invited for the cover of this issue are Koushik Venkatesan and co‐workers at Macquarie University and the University of Zurich. The image depicts the conversion of 3O2 to 1O2 upon photoexcitation by new monocyclometalated gold(III) metallacycles. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202102331.
Absolute configuration of a [1]rotaxane determined from vibrational and electronic circular dichroism spectra
Authors: Puente Andrew R. , Bessaguet Adrien , Pairault Noël , Pieters Grégory , Crassous Jeanne , Polavarapu Prasad L. , Opalinski Isabelle , Papot Sébastien
Published: September 2021

The experimental vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra were measured for the enantiomers of [1]rotaxane 1. These experimental spectra have been analyzed using predicted VCD and ECD spectra for (S, Rmp) or (S, Smp) diastereomers using density functional theory. This comparison allowed for a definitive assignment of the absolute configuration of 1.
Sustainable cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis and Chromochloris zofingiensis for the production of astaxanthin and co‐products
Authors: Nishshanka Gannoru Kankanamalage Sanuji Hasara , Liyanaarachchi Vinoj Chamilka , Premaratne Malith , Ariyadasa Thilini U. , Nimarshana P. H. V.
Published: September 2021

Large‐scale cultivation of microalgae for the production of high‐value compounds raises concerns on sustainability due to intense consumption of water resources. Use of wastewater for microalgae cultivation is considered a promising alternative, because it not only reduces water consumption, but also provides nutrients required for microalgae growth. In the present study, Haematococcus pluvialis and Chromochloris zofingiensis were cultivated in synthetic dairy wastewater (DWW) to identify the potential of developing high‐value product first biorefineries, with astaxanthin as the main product. H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis cultivated in DWW achieved biomass concentrations of 0.55 ± 0.01 and 0.65 ± 0.01 g/L, respectively. Astaxanthin contents of 2.1 ± 0.1% and 0.4 ± 0.1% were observed in H. pluvialis and C. zofingiensis grown in DWW. Minimum freshwater consumption for cultivation was 69.93 L/gastaxanthin in control growth media, which could be eliminated by cultivation of microalgae in DWW. COD, TN, and TP removal efficiencies were in the range of 94%–96%, 79%–81%, and 57%–79%, respectively, indicating capability for simultaneous biomass production and phycoremediation. Presence of carbohydrates and lipids in residual biomass suggested the applicability as feedstock for biorefining. Potential avenues to integrate wastewater treatment, astaxanthin production, and valorization of residual biomass were discussed in context of high‐value product first biorefineries.
4‐Sulfamoylphenylalkylamides as Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases Expressed in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Mancuso Francesca , De Luca Laura , Bucolo Federica , Vrabel Milan , Angeli Andrea , Capasso Clemente , Supuran Claudiu T. , Gitto Rosaria
Published: September 2021

A current issue of antimicrobial therapy is the resistance to treatment with worldwide consequences. Thus, the identification of innovative targets is an intriguing challenge in the drug and development process aimed at newer antimicrobial agents. The state‐of‐art of anticholera therapy might comprise the reduction of the expression of cholera toxin, which could be reached through the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases expressed in Vibrio cholerae (VchCAα, VchCAβ, and VchCAγ). Therefore, we focused our interest on the exploitation of sulfonamides as VchCA inhibitors. We planned to design and synthesize new benzenesulfonamides based on our knowledge of the VchCA catalytic site. The synthesized compounds were tested thus collecting useful SAR information. From our investigation, we identified new potent VchCA inhibitors, some of them displayed high affinity toward VchCAγ class, for which few inhibitors are currently reported in literature. The best interesting VchCAγ inhibitor (S)‐N‐(1‐oxo‐1‐((4‐sulfamoylbenzyl)amino)propan‐2‐yl)furan‐2‐carboxamide (40) resulted more active and selective inhibitor when compared with acetazolamide (AAZ) as well as previously reported VchCA inhibitors.
A mobile energy trading scheme based on Lightning Network
Authors: Tan Chaoyue , Chen Yuling , Ren Xiaojun , Peng Changgen
Published: September 2021

Current blockchain‐based energy trading models raise serious concerns regarding the high and capped transaction latency and expensive service charges. To solve these problems, In this article, we combine Lightning Network (LN) and smart contract to present a mobile energy trading scheme based on LN. The focal point of the scheme lies in transfer of value occurs off‐blockchain, which addresses the problem of transaction latency. Next, to solve the security of proposed scheme, we design a mechanism to delivery secret R. Participants exchange some parameters to calculate R instead of delivery it directly. The found security is guaranteed by committing funds into a multi‐signature address in proposed scheme. Then, we conduct a comprehensive experiment to evaluate the proposed scheme. The simulation and analysis results show that the proposed scheme is efficient than traditional trading. In addition, we analyze our entire scheme and conclude that it defenses anti‐tampering attacks and replay attack capacity effectively.
Oppositional tunicate fuzzy C‐means algorithm and logistic regression for intrusion detection on cloud
Authors: Kanimozhi P. , Aruldoss Albert Victoire T.
Published: September 2021

Cloud computing is the most popular emerging computational model in information technology. The data communication security requirement is increased day by day with the development of cloud computing. Virtualization facilitates cloud computing architecture, which raises a few security concerns. In the previous year, many new research approaches were introduced, resulting in more sophisticated and time‐consuming results, as well as less flexibility, a lower attack detection rate, and so on. In this article, we proposed a logistic regression‐based oppositional tunicate fuzzy C‐mean (LR‐OTSFCM) methodology for the detection of cloud intrusion. The major contribution of this article is attack detection from the cloud environment. The proposed work is classified into four stages, namely, preprocessing, partitioning, cluster handling, and intrusion detection stages. In the first stage, we use the text data as the input; then, it is preprocessed. Second, the feature selections are performed via a logistic regression model. The combination of the oppositional tunicate swarm algorithm (OPTSA) and fuzzy C‐mean clustering (FCM) model is to perform data clustering. Third, the cluster handling stage is handled by cluster expansion and integration. Fourth, the clustering result builds a profile of normal and abnormal behavior. The local optimum avoidance ability of OPTSA is tested using four benchmark problems, namely, composition functions, unimodal, multimodal, and fixed dimensions of multimodal functions with 20 benchmark functions. Ultimately, the proposed LR‐OTSFCM method is compared with state‐of‐art approaches such as ANN, LR‐HID, ML‐IDS, and En‐ABC. The proposed scheme effectiveness is carried out by using four datasets such as, namely, synthetic, NIB, CICID 2017, and CIDD datasets. The proposed method demonstrated a superior attack detection rate.
A Bloom filter variant for Blockchain
Authors: Fan Xing , Niu Baoning
Published: September 2021

Blockchain is a single linked list of blocks consisting of transactions identified by their hash value. Querying Blockchain, primarily searching blocks/transactions, can be treated as membership queries and efficiently evaluated by a Bloom filter (BF). The existing BFs for Blockchain, however, do not exploit the data characteristics of Blockchain and the features of modern processors, which otherwise have the potential to greatly improve their performance. This article proposes a novel Bloom filter variant for Blockchain, called Blockchain Bloom Filter (BBF), with three alternatives to improve BF. First, we reorganize BF structure to make use of Single Instruction Multiple Data provided by modern processors, which parallelize the bit‐map and bit‐test processes of BBF and accelerate element insertion and membership querying. On that basis, hash computation of BBF is parallelized, which reduce the hashing time to that of the BF in theory, where k is the number of hash functions. Second, hash functions derived from block/transaction hash are developed to reduce the complexity of hash computation and accelerate the element insertion and membership query processes of BBF. Finally, we further refine BBF structure to limit the mapping range of an element within a cache‐line in the on‐chip cache in order to increase cache efficiency. With the improvements, both theoretical analysis and extensive simulations show that the performance of BBF membership queries greatly exceeds the three state‐of‐the‐art Bloom filter variants, which enables efficient data queries and application specific analysis over Blockchain.
Target localization in local dense mapping usingRGBD SLAMand object detection
Authors: Liu Yuting , Xu Manman , Jiang Guozhang , Tong Xiliang , Yun Juntong , Liu Ying , Chen Baojia , Cao Yongcheng , Sun Nannan , Li Zeshen
Published: September 2021

Target localization in unknown environment is one of the development directions of mobile robots. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) can be used to build maps in unknown environments, but it has the problem of poor readability and interactivity. In this article, target detection and SLAM are combined to search and locate the target by using rich RGBD images information. The determined position in the global map is conducive to the follow‐up operation of the target by mobile robots. By establishing a local dense point cloud map of the target object, the current state of the target object is directly displayed, the readability of the map is improved, and the disadvantages of difficult understanding of the global sparse map and slow construction of the global dense map are avoided. A target localization algorithm under the framework of yolov4 is designed to apply in the process of SLAM global mapping. Our works are helpful for obtaining positions of objects in three‐dimensional space. The experimental results show that the time‐consuming of this method in dense mapping is reduced by 50%–70%, and the number of point clouds is also reduced by 60%–70%.
Novel clip device for prevention of bleeding after endoscopic papillectomy
Authors: Miwa Haruo , Sugimori Kazuya , Tsuchiya Hiromi , Sugimori Makoto , Nishimura Masaki , Tozuka Yuichiro , Komiyama Satoshi , Sato Takeshi , Kaneko Takashi , Numata Kazushi , Maeda Shin
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Recently, a novel clip device, SureClip® (Micro‐Tech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China), has been developed, which improved rotation and reopening performance. We aimed to assess the efficacy of the SureClip® in prophylactic closure of the mucosal break after endoscopic papillectomy (EP) for ampullary neoplasm.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients who underwent EP for ampullary neoplasms between October 2009 and March 2020. Prophylactic closure after resection was performed using the conventional clip between 2014 and 2018, and with the SureClip® after 2019. The baseline characteristics, techniques, outcomes, and complications of EP were analyzed.

Results

The median age of the patients (25 males and 15 females) was 70 years. The en block resection rate was 82.5% and the curative resection rate was 80.0%. Histologically, 11 (27.5%) patients had malignancy. Prophylactic closure was performed in 29 (72.5%) patients (17 conventional clips, 12 SureClip®). Complications occurred in 18 (45.0%) patients, including postprocedure bleeding in 9 (22.5%) patients. However, no postprocedure bleeding was observed in the patients who received prophylactic closure using the SureClip® (p = 0.038). All other factors were not significantly correlated with postprocedure bleeding. The duration of hospital stay after EP was significantly shorter in patients treated with the SureClip® compared to those treated with a conventional clip or without clips (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In the present study, prophylactic clipping of the mucosal break using the SureClip® was effective in preventing bleeding after EP.
Rosacea treatments: Current standards and additional options
Authors: Tan Jerry , Singh Balraj , Song Yifeng , Zaher Omar , Arents Bernd W. M. , Schaller Martin , van Zuuren Esther J.
Published: September 2021

Background

Rosacea, a chronic facial and ocular inflammatory disease, is readily visible with consequential adverse psychosocial impacts. Progress in epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatments, psychosocial and quality of life impact has led to improved outcomes. Additionally, there has been a transition to updated clinical criteria for diagnosis and classification, the phenotype approach, based on rosacea‐associated features.

Objective

Our objective was to identify current evidence‐based standards of treatment for rosacea highlighting recently approved interventions and including innovative options.

Methods

Reviews establishing current standards of care published over the past three years and English language clinical studies of rosacea treatment from 2018‐ March 2021 were included. In addition to pivotal trials, the latter were also selected based on innovation and practicality of the intervention.

Results

In addition to treatments identified in guidelines and systematic reviews, additional options derive from use in other dermatological conditions ‐ such as botulinum toxin, hydroxychloroquine, photodynamic therapy, radiofrequency with or without microneedling ‐ or from other medical conditions, such as artemether and sumatriptan.

Conclusion

We provide a template of longitudinal care for rosacea based on features divided into current standards and additional options. The latter may provide the impetus for further research and development to provide options with greater efficacy, longer remissions and/or lower risk of adverse events to improve outcomes in patients with rosacea.
A randomized clinical trial on the short‐term effects of 12‐week sacubitril/valsartan vs. enalapril on peak oxygen consumption in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: results from the ACTIVITY‐HF study
Authors: Halle Martin , Schöbel Christoph , Winzer Ephraim B. , Bernhardt Peter , Mueller Stephan , Sieder Christian , Lecker Laura S.M.
Published: September 2021

Aims

ACTIVITY‐HF was a randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled study, which assessed the short‐term effect of sacubitril/valsartan compared with the active comparator enalapril on improving maximal exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

A total of 201 ambulatory patients with HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%, New York Heart Association class III) across 34 centres in Germany were randomized (1:1) to receive sacubitril/valsartan 97/103 mg bid (n = 103) or enalapril 10 mg bid (n = 98). The primary endpoint of the study was the change from baseline in peak oxygen consumption (VO2; adjusted to body weight) after 12 weeks, and the key secondary endpoint was change from baseline in peak VO2 after 6 weeks. The study population was predominantly male (81.1%) with a mean age of 66.9 years and a body mass index of 29.4 kg/m2. Change in peak VO2 from baseline to Week 12 was similar between sacubitril/valsartan and enalapril groups [least squares mean difference: 0.32 mL/min/kg; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.21, 0.85; P = 0.2327]. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups in minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope, exercise capacity at first ventilatory threshold or Borg scale at either Week 6 or Week 12. Change in heart rate at first ventilatory threshold was lower in the sacubitril/valsartan group compared with the enalapril group at Week 12 (mean −3.75 bpm; 95% CI −7.03, −0.48; P = 0.0248). The safety of sacubitril/valsartan was comparable to enalapril.

Conclusion

In patients with HFrEF, short‐term treatment with sacubitril/valsartan for 12 weeks did not result in significant benefits on peak VO2 when compared with enalapril.
Pentaisopropyl Cyclopentadienyl: An Overview across the Periodic Table
Authors: Lauk Sergej , Schäfer André
Published: September 2021

Cyclopentadienide (Cp) groups are among the most popular ligands in organometallic chemistry. Sterically demanding substitution patterns on the Cp ring can have an important effect on the ligand properties and there are many examples of metal complex which are only stable and isolatable with sterically demanding Cp ligands, carrying alkyl or aryl groups. Among these sterically demanding Cp ligands, pentaisopropylcyclopentadienide is the bulkiest pentaalkyl derivative and has been utilized in main group, as well as transition metal and rare‐earth element chemistry for several decades.
Effect of Temperature and Oxygen Dose During Rendering of Goose Fat to Promote Fatty Acid Profiles
Authors: Wojtasik‐Kalinowska Iwona , Górska‐Horczyczak Elżbieta , Stelmasiak Adrian , Marcinkowska‐Lesiak Monika , Onopiuk Anna , Wierzbicka Agnieszka , Półtorak Andrzej
Published: September 2021

The effect of two fat rendering systems of goose fat, sous‐vide and conventional oven baking, on fatty acid and volatile compound profiles, color, and lipids oxidation, is evaluated during refrigerated storage. Low temperature rendering increases polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreases saturated fatty acids concentration (P ≤ 0.05). The obtained results show that oxygen deprivation reduces the fat oxidation process. A discriminant model is designed using principal component analysis. Aldehydes are the dominant volatile fraction of all tested goose fats obtained by various rendering methods. Sous‐vide fat rendered at 90 °C exhibits a flavor difference from raw and baked fat and is recommended as a source of beneficial fatty acids. The utilization of rendering temperature of 130 °C negatively affects the quality of goose fat.

Practical applications: The rendering of goose fat under proper conditions influences its stability and promotes the fatty acid profile, as well as aroma and color. Owing to its pro‐health and healing properties, goose fat is perfect for colds accompanied by a runny nose, cough and elevated body temperature. It has a warming effect, which is especially beneficial in the case of non‐invasive treatment of the upper respiratory tract. Additionally, the particularity of goose's fatty acids affects the physical properties (liquid state at room temperature, oxidative stability with the optimal rendering method), where the optimal aroma profile is measured using an electronic nose, which is stable and distinctive. Abdominal goose fat gives a wide range of applications in gastronomy. Owing to the universality resulting from the fatty acid profile not conflicting with religious and cultural statues, as is the case of pork or whale fat, it is a good alternative to animal fats in human nutrition.
Moral relevance varies due to inter‐individual and intra‐individual differences across big data technology domains
Authors: Kodapanakkal Rabia I. , Brandt Mark J. , Kogler Christoph , van Beest Ilja
Published: September 2021

Theories of moralization argue that moral relevance varies due to inter‐individual differences, domain differences, or a mix of both. Predictors associated with these sources of variation have been studied in isolation to assess their unique contribution to moralization. Across three studies (NStudy1 = 376; NStudy2a = 621; NStudy2b = 589), assessing attitudes towards new big data technologies, we found that moralization is best explained by theories focusing on inter‐individual variation (∼29%) and intra‐individual variation across technology domains (∼49%), and less by theories focusing on differences between technology domains (∼6%). We simultaneously examined 15 inter‐individual and 16 intra‐individual predictors that potentially explain this variation. Predictors directly relevant to the technologies (e.g., justice concerns), cognitive styles (e.g., faith in intuition), and emotional reactions (e.g., anger) best explain variation in moral relevance. Accordingly, scholars should simultaneously adopt and adapt moralization theories related to inter‐individual and intra‐individual differences across domains rather than in isolation.
Influence of Feeding Ecology on Legacy Organochlorine Contaminants in Freshwater Fishes of Lake Erie
Authors: Heuvel Cecilia E. , Drouillard Kenneth G. , Haffner G. Douglas , Zhao Yingming , Fisk Aaron T.
Published: September 2021

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in biota are influenced by ecological, physiological, and physicochemical properties; however, there is a need for a better understanding about the interplay of these parameters on POP dynamics and fate. To address this, POPs in three Lake Erie freshwater fishes (freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens; walleye, Sander vitreus; and white perch, Morone americana) with different feeding ecologies were assessed using life history characteristics and three stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S). Lipid normalized POP concentrations were in the range of past studies and were generally similar among the three species when all ages were combined. Principal component analysis (PCA) found the two significant PCs (explaining 59% and 10% of the variation), with all POPs loading significantly onto PC1, which indicated a common source of contamination, likely legacy sediment loads. Loadings on both PCs were correlated with POP log KOW. Age, habitat use (δ13C and δ34S), trophic position (δ15N) and interactions between age and δ15N, age and species, and δ15N and δ34S were significant predictors of POP concentration based on PC1 scores, whereas δ13C and species were significant predictors of PC2 scores. The similar concentrations among the species, yet variation related to the ecology (age and trophic position) across individuals demonstrates the complexity of contaminant dynamics in freshwater fish in a large lake system and the need to consider variation across individuals within species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3421–3433. © 2021 SETAC
Method Development for a Short-Term 7-Day Toxicity Test with Unionid Mussels
Authors: Wang Ning , Kunz James L. , Hardesty Douglas K. , Steevens Jeffery A. , Norberg-King Teresa , Hammer Edward J. , Bauer Candice R. , Augspurger Tom , Dunn Suzanne , Martinez David , Barnhart M. Christopher , Murray Jordan , Bowersox Marcus , Roberts John , Bringolf Robert B. , Ratajczak Robert , Ciparis Serena , Cope W. Gregory , Buczek Sean B. , Farrar Daniel , May Lauren , Garton Mailee , Gillis Patricia L. , Bennett James , Salerno Joseph , Hester Brian , Lockwood Richard , Tarr Christopher , McIntyre Dennis , Wardell Jonathan
Published: September 2021

The US Environmental Protection Agency's short-term freshwater effluent test methods include a fish (Pimephales promelas), a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia), and a green alga (Raphidocelis subcapitata). There is a recognized need for additional taxa to accompany the three standard species for effluent testing. An appropriate additional taxon is unionid mussels because mussels are widely distributed, live burrowed in sediment and filter particles from the water column for food, and exhibit high sensitivity to a variety of contaminants. Multiple studies were conducted to develop a relevant and robust short-term test method for mussels. We first evaluated the comparative sensitivity of two mussel species (Villosa constricta and Lampsilis siliquoidea) and two standard species (P. promelas and C. dubia) using two mock effluents prepared by mixing ammonia and five metals (cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc) or a field-collected effluent in 7-day exposures. Both mussel species were equally or more sensitive (more than two-fold) to effluents compared with the standard species. Next, we refined the mussel test method by first determining the best feeding rate of a commercial algal mixture for three age groups (1, 2, and 3 weeks old) of L. siliquoidea in a 7-day feeding experiment, and then used the derived optimal feeding rates to assess the sensitivity of the three ages of juveniles in a 7-day reference toxicant (sodium chloride [NaCl]) test. Juvenile mussels grew substantially (30%–52% length increase) when the 1- or 2-week-old mussels were fed 2 ml twice daily and the 3-week-old mussels were fed 3 ml twice daily. The 25% inhibition concentrations (IC25s) for NaCl were similar (314–520 mg Cl/L) among the three age groups, indicating that an age range of 1- to 3-week-old mussels can be used for a 7-day test. Finally, using the refined test method, we conducted an interlaboratory study among 13 laboratories to evaluate the performance of a 7-day NaCl test with L. siliquoidea. Eleven laboratories successfully completed the test, with more than 80% control survival and reliable growth data. The IC25s ranged from 296 to 1076 mg Cl/L, with a low (34%) coefficient of variation, indicating that the proposed method for L. siliquoidea has acceptable precision. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3392–3409. © 2021 SETAC
Upstream and Downstream – Exciting Advances to Modernize Fish Passage and Improve Data Collection
Authors: Grasty Sarah , Messina Michael , Bryan Janine
Published: September 2021

Considering the myriad of ways in which advanced technology is being used in fisheries research, keeping atop of the newest developments is a challenge. The transfer of such specialized knowledge, even within the fisheries community, can be difficult, thereby hindering more widespread use of advanced technology in fisheries research. This predicament can be further compounded when information exchange between the freshwater and marine fisheries communities is limited. In a constantly shifting technological landscape, effecting stronger information transfer about technology within the fisheries community will lead to greater innovation, broader application, and more efficient and accurate science. This is the goal of the AFS Fisheries Information and Technology Section (FITS).

This is the third article in a series that FITS has coordinated with Fisheries to highlight some of the ways in which the latest advanced technologies are being used in marine and freshwater fisheries research. To learn more, check out https://units.fisheries.org/fits/, find us on Facebook and Twitter (@AFSFITS).
Informed substitution of hazardous chemicals through the lens of California's Safer Consumer Products Alternatives Analysis: Best practices, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Grant Kelly A. , Nakayama Wong Lynn , Meng Qingyu , Lee Heather , Phelps Diana , Davis Suzanne , Salinas Melissa , Luan Tony , Zhou Xiaoying
Published: September 2021

California adopted the Safer Consumer Products (SCP) regulations in 2013, which mandate that companies that manufacture specific products containing designated chemicals of concern complete an Alternatives Analysis. Alternatives Analysis is a process to avoid regrettable substitution by identifying, comparing, and selecting safer alternatives based on technical functions, hazards, exposure pathways, life-cycle multimedia impacts, and economic impacts. The SCP Alternatives Analysis builds upon and expands existing frameworks for alternatives assessments (AAs). The aim of this study was to identify practices from AA that facilitate the robust assessment of alternatives and that align with SCP requirements and identify gaps in the practice. We evaluated completed AAs for methods regarding transparency and careful documentation of information sources, data gaps, uncertainty, criteria, and justification for decision-making. The AAs in this review demonstrate some of the challenges in the field. Most AAs have a constrained scope and only consider chemical substitutes rather than a broad array of functional alternatives. Their scopes were also limited in the hazard endpoints that were evaluated. This was most noted with ecotoxicity endpoints, which were generally confined to aquatic toxicity. The majority of AAs do not explicitly explain their decision-making methods or adequately discuss tradeoffs across the adverse impacts. The AAs also lack the analysis in the exposure, life-cycle impacts, and economic impacts that are required in the SCP Alternatives Analysis process. Further, we recommend strategies and research opportunities to address these challenges and strengthen the practice of AAs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1007–1019. © 2021 SETAC

KEY POINTS

The SCP Alternatives Analysis framework remains at the forefront of safer chemistry by embracing the hazard assessments at the core of AAs and extending those to examine both toxicological— and exposure—related hazard traits affecting human and ecological health, as well as the environment. Transparency is an attribute of a high-quality AA, either under the SCP Alternative Analysis framework or any other AA frameworks. The challenges in AAs identified in our analysis represent opportunities for the Community of Practice (CoP) to provide guidance, agree on best practices, or research to resolve some of the challenges. The assessment of ecological toxicity, exposure, economics, uncertainty, and consideration of a broader scope of alternatives represent growth areas for AA; furthermore, decision-making would benefit from greater transparency.