bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer screening in hospitalized patients: results from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Eke Ransome , Tariq Tooba , Li Tong , Irfan Furqan B.
Published: November 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is preventable with regular screening. This study aims to determine estimates and predictors of inpatient CRC screening during hospitalization in the USA. This nationwide population-based study utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample database from 2005 to 2014 to examine rates of CRC screening among hospitalized patients. There were 6470 inpatient CRC screening nationwide from 129 645 394 inpatient hospitalizations. Multivariable analysis showed that higher rates of inpatient CRC screening were associated with: females compared to males [odds ratio (OR): 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–0.97]; 50–59 years age group compared to 70–79 years (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62–0.94) and more than 80 years (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.35–0.64); Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 0 compared to scores of 1–2 (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64–0.98), 3–4 (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49–0.76), more than 5 (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47–0.79); rural hospitals rather than urban teaching hospital (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.39–0.63) and urban nonteaching hospitals (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49–0.82); hospitals in the Midwest region (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.14–2.12) compared to the Northeast region; recent years of 2011/2012 (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.44–2.49) and 2013/2014 (OR: 2.70; 95% CI: 2.14–3.41) compared to the period 2005/2006. The CRC screening rate among hospitalized patients admitted in US hospitals is low. There were no association of differences in racial, household income or health insurance status with inpatient CRC screening. Noninvasive screening methods in hospitalized patients like stool-based fecal immunochemical test provide a unique method of increasing cancer screening rates.
Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus cereus Concomitant Bacteremia
Authors: Baugh Aaron , Simo Hermann , Altayib Hadeel , Ellis Michael , Georgescu Claudiu
Published: November 2018

The genus Paenibacillus comprised 148 species and are gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria found in a variety of environments including soil. In the last decade, Paenibacillus polymyxa and its isolates have seen increasing commercial applications in agriculture and medicine. Several Paenibacillus species have been reported to cause bacteremia; however, invasive infection attributed to P. polymyxa is exceptionally rare. We report a case of bacteremia due to P. polymyxa in a human immunodeficiency virus–negative patient.
Effect of Brexpiprazole on Prolactin
Authors: Ivkovic Jelena , Lindsten Annika , George Vinu , Eriksson Hans , Hobart Mary
Published: November 2018

Background

Hyperprolactinemia is an undesirable effect of most antipsychotics because of D2-receptor blockade. We assessed the effect of the D2-receptor partial agonist brexpiprazole on prolactin, based on pooled data from three 6-week, randomized, placebo-controlled studies and two open-label extension studies in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

In the short-term studies, patients received 0.25, 1, 2, 4 mg brexpiprazole or placebo; or flexible-dose brexpiprazole (2–4 mg/d), placebo, or active reference. The extension studies were 52-week, flexible-dose (1–4 mg/d) studies. We studied changes from baseline and shifts in prolactin status in patients with normal or elevated prolactin levels at baseline, and prolactin-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Results

Median changes from baseline to week 6 in brexpiprazole-treated patients in short-term studies were as follows: 3.63 ng/mL (females), 0.26 ng/mL (males); placebo: −2.15 ng/mL (females), −1.08 ng/mL (males).

Median changes from baseline to week 52 in long-term studies were 0.60 ng/mL (females) and 0.18 ng/mL (males). Prolactin levels in patients with baseline values greater than 1× upper limit of normal tended to decrease over time regardless of previous treatment.

The proportions of brexpiprazole-treated patients with greater than 3× upper limit of normal postbaseline prolactin values in short-term studies were as follows: 1.5% (females), 1.6% (males); placebo: 3.6% (females), 3.4% (males). Corresponding figures in long-term studies were 5.3% (females) and 2.0% (males).

In short-term studies, the incidence of prolactin-related TEAEs was 1.8% for brexpiprazole and 0.6% for placebo. In long-term studies, the incidence of prolactin-related TEAEs was 1.7%.

Conclusions

Small changes in prolactin levels, low proportions of patients with postbaseline elevated prolactin values, and low incidence of prolactin-related TEAEs were observed after treatment with brexpiprazole.
Predictors of Caregiver Burden in Caregivers of Bedridden Patients
Authors: BEKDEMİR Aysun , İLHAN Nesrin
Published: November 2018

Background

Caregivers are at risk of experiencing caregiver burden. It is therefore important to determine the caregiver burden of caregivers who provide care to bedridden patients and related factors.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine the caregiver burden of caregivers who provide care to bedridden patients and the factors that impact this burden.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was executed at a state hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, on bedridden patients registered in the home healthcare unit and their caregivers. During study period, the researchers made 312 visits to patients and their caregivers. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Burden Interview, and the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, an independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Results

The participants reported a moderate level of caregiver burden. Existing caregiver health problems, caregiver employment status, the ability of the caregiver to maintain his or her own good health, type of home, and the degree of patient dependence in terms of activities of daily living were each found to be significant predictors of caregiver burden.

Conclusions/Implications of Practice

The support provided to caregivers by home healthcare units is important in terms of protecting the physical, mental, and social health conditions of caregivers and preventing the exacerbation of caregiver burden.
Safety and Tolerability of Vacuum Versus Manual Drainage During Thoracentesis
Authors: Senitko Michal , Ray Amrik S. , Murphy Terrence E. , Araujo Katy L.B. , Bramley Kyle , DeBiasi Erin M. , Pisani Margaret A. , Cameron Kelsey , Puchalski Jonathan T.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Pleural effusions may be aspirated manually or via vacuum during thoracentesis. This study compares the safety, pain level, and time involved in these techniques.

Methods:

We randomized 100 patients receiving ultrasound-guided unilateral thoracentesis in an academic medical center from December 2015 through September 2017 to either vacuum or manual drainage. Without using pleural manometry, the effusion was drained completely or until the development of refractory symptoms. Measurements included self-reported pain before and during the procedure (from 0 to 10), time for completion of drainage, and volume removed. Primary outcomes were rates of all-cause complications and of early termination of the procedure with secondary outcomes of change in pain score, drainage time, volume removed, and inverse rate of removal.

Results:

Patient characteristics in the manual (n=49) and vacuum (n=51) groups were similar. Rate of all-cause complications was higher in the vacuum group (5 vs. 0; P=0.03): pneumothorax (n=3), surgically treated hemothorax with subsequent death (n=1) and reexpansion pulmonary edema causing respiratory failure (n=1), as was rate of early termination (8 vs. 1; P=0.018). The vacuum group exhibited greater pain during drainage (P<0.05), shorter drainage time (P<0.01), no association with volume removed (P>0.05), and lower inverse rate of removal (P≤0.01).

Conclusion:

Despite requiring less time, vacuum aspiration during thoracentesis was associated with higher rates of complication and of early termination of the procedure and greater pain. Although larger studies are needed, this pilot study suggests that manual aspiration provides greater safety and patient comfort.
Randomized-controlled trial of methocarbamol as a novel treatment for muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Arafa Mona , Elkadeem Mahmoud , Elfert Asem , Soliman Shaimaa , Elkhalawany Walaa , Badawi Rehab
Published: November 2018

Background

Muscle cramps occur in 29–88% of patients with liver cirrhosis. They adversely affect quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methocarbamol as a novel therapy in controlling muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients.

Patients and methods

This study was carried on 100 patients with liver cirrhosis in addition to chronic hepatitis C who presented with frequent muscle cramps (≥three cramps per week). Half of these patients received methocarbamol and the other half received placebo. This was done through equal randomization. Questionnaires on muscle cramp were answered. Patients were evaluated before, after 1 month of treatment, and 2 weeks after washout of treatment in terms of severity, duration, and frequency of cramps. Liver, renal functions, and electrolytes were analyzed. Also, any side effect was detected.

Results

Patients who were treated with methocarbamol showed a significant decrease in the frequency and duration of cramps. Also, the pain score improved significantly. However, no significant changes were observed in the placebo group. Few side effects of methocarbamol were recorded, including dry mouth and drowsiness.

Conclusion

Methocarbamol seems to be a promising safe and well-tolerated medication, and plays a role in the treatment of muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Lasso Regression for the Prediction of Intermediate Outcomes Related to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Using the TRANSIT Quality Indicators
Authors: Khanji Cynthia , Lalonde Lyne , Bareil Céline , Lussier Marie-Thérèse , Perreault Sylvie , Schnitzer Mireille E.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality are largely influenced by poor control of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Process indicators are essential to monitor the effectiveness of quality improvement strategies. However, process indicators should be validated by demonstrating their ability to predict desirable outcomes. The objective of this study is to identify an effective method for building prediction models and to assess the predictive validity of the TRANSIT indicators.

Methods:

On the basis of blood pressure readings and laboratory test results at baseline, the TRANSIT study population was divided into 3 overlapping subpopulations: uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled dyslipidemia, and uncontrolled diabetes. A classic statistical method, a sparse machine learning technique, and a hybrid method combining both were used to build prediction models for whether a patient reached therapeutic targets for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. The final models’ performance for predicting these intermediate outcomes was established using cross-validated area under the curves (cvAUC).

Results:

At baseline, 320, 247, and 303 patients were uncontrolled for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, respectively. Among the 3 techniques used to predict reaching therapeutic targets, the hybrid method had a better discriminative capacity (cvAUCs=0.73 for hypertension, 0.64 for dyslipidemia, and 0.79 for diabetes) and succeeded in identifying indicators with a better capacity for predicting intermediate outcomes related to cardiovascular disease prevention.

Conclusions:

Even though this study was conducted in a complex population of patients, a set of 5 process indicators were found to have good predictive validity based on the hybrid method.
Care Coordination and Population Health Management Strategies and Challenges in a Behavioral Health Home Model
Authors: Daumit Gail L. , Stone Elizabeth M. , Kennedy-Hendricks Alene , Choksy Seema , Marsteller Jill A. , McGinty Emma E.
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

Behavioral health home (BHH) models have been developed to integrate physical and mental health care and address medical comorbidities for individuals with serious mental illnesses. Previous studies identified population health management capacity and coordination with primary care providers as key barriers to BHH implementation. This study examines the BHH leaders’ perceptions of and organizational capacity to conduct these functions within the community mental health programs implementing BHHs in Maryland.

Methods:

Interviews and surveys were conducted with 72 implementation leaders and 627 front-line staff from 46 of 48 Maryland BHH programs. In-depth coding of the population health management and primary care coordination themes identified subthemes related to these topics.

Results:

BHH staff described cultures supportive of evidence-based practices, but limited ability to effectively perform population health management or primary care coordination. Tension between population health management and direct, clinical care, lack of experience, and state regulations for service delivery were identified as key challenges for population health management. Engaging primary care providers was the primary barrier to care coordination. Health information technology and staffing were barriers to both functions.

Conclusions:

BHHs face a number of barriers to effective implementation of core program elements. To improve programs’ ability to conduct effective population health management and care coordination and meaningfully impact health outcomes for individuals with serious mental illness, multiple strategies are needed, including formalized protocols, training for staff, changes to financing mechanisms, and health information technology improvements.
Association of Self-Leadership and Planning With Performing an Exercise in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lee Myung Kyung , Park Soo Yeun , Choi Gyu-Seog
Published: November 2018

Background

A healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity is an essential component of the care plans for cancer survivors. However, many cancer survivors remain inactive, even if they feel motivated to exercise. Based on the Chronic Care Model, self-leadership and planning may improve cancer survivors' self-management of their own care.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine whether self-leadership skills and planning are associated with performance and maintenance of an exercise program in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

This cross-sectional study enrolled 251 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer who received primary curative surgery and were undergoing or had completed other therapy at the National University Hospitals from 2 regions in South Korea. Demographic data and measures of self-leadership and planning were obtained from questionnaires and clinical data from hospital databases. Self-leadership was measured using the validated Abbreviated Self-Leadership Questionnaire, and another validated psychometric assessment instrument was used to measure “action planning” and “coping planning.”

Results

Performing and maintaining an exercise program at a level recommended by an American Cancer Society panel correlated with greater self-leadership of behavior awareness and volition, task motivation, and constructive cognition. Greater action planning was associated with performing and maintaining this exercise program for more than 6 months.

Conclusions

The results of the current study indicate that having self-leadership and action planning are significantly associated with performing and maintaining an exercise program.

Implication for Practice

We suggest that care providers try to increase self-leadership and action planning of patients with colorectal cancer to improve their self-management during long-term care.
Characteristics of Parents With High Expressed Emotion and Related Factors
Authors: Kageyama Masako , Solomon Phyllis
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to clarify characteristics of parents with high expressed emotion (EE) and related factors among parents of adults with schizophrenia. In total, 73 (25.3%) of the 289 parents had high EE (Family Attitude Scale [FAS] score ≥60), and 216 (74.7%) had low EE (FAS score <60). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high EE parents were more distressed (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–1.39) and experienced more physical violence from their adult children with schizophrenia (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.28–6.43); the children with schizophrenia had been hospitalized at time of survey (OR = 6.54; 95% CI = 1.10–38.89) and were less likely to attend rehabilitation services (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.06–6.17). Practitioners need to provide crisis intervention, home-visiting services, and support services for parents during hospitalization of their children with schizophrenia.
Investigating the Link Between Pathological Narcissism and Somatization
Authors: Kealy David , Rice Simon M. , Ogrodniczuk John S. , Cox Daniel W.
Published: November 2018

Although the self-image distortions and sensitivities of pathological narcissism have been theorized to contribute to somatization, limited empirical research has been devoted to this issue. The present study was developed to test the hypothesis that pathological narcissism contributes to somatic symptoms through increased hypervigiliance to physical sensations. A community sample of 248 adults completed measures of pathological narcissism, somatosensory amplification, somatic symptoms, and depression. Mediation analysis was conducted, controlling for depression, using 99% bootstrapped confidence intervals to examine the indirect effect of pathological narcissism on somatic symptoms via somatosensory amplification. Although pathological narcissism was not directly related to somatic symptoms, a significant indirect effect was observed for pathological narcissism on somatic symptoms via somatosensory amplification. This finding suggests that pathological narcissism contributes to physical hypersensitivity, in turn influencing perceptions of somatic distress. The role of narcissistic dysfunction in somatization indicates the importance of further research and potential clinical consideration.
How Music Impacts Visual Attention Training in Schizophrenia
Authors: Shagan Samuel , Shagan Dana , Shagan Brian , Fiszdon Joanna M. , Thime Warren , Haber Lawrence C. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Choi Jimmy
Published: November 2018

Music has been demonstrated to improve cognitive test performance in neuropsychiatric populations. However, the impact of music on cognitive training effects, and the importance of music preference, has yet to be studied. This is an essential oversight because many cognitive training programs play music in the background. We sought to determine if participant-preferred or random music would increase the efficacy of computer-based attention training (AT). Forty-eight patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 2 weeks of either: 1) AT with participants' choice of background music, 2) AT with random background music, 3) AT without music, or 4) a no training or music control—watching videos without AT or music. All groups except the no training/no music control group demonstrated improvement in reaction time and response accuracy after training, with those participating in AT with their choice of music exhibiting greater gains than either of the other two AT groups. These findings suggest that complimenting AT with music, and allowing participants to choose the music, may increase the efficacy of AT.
Pakistan Comprehensive Fistula Classification: A Novel Scheme and Algorithm for Management of Palatal Fistula/Dehiscence
Authors: Fayyaz Ghulam Qadir , Gill Nauman Ahmad , Ishaq Irfan , Aslam Muhammad , Chaudry Ayesha , Ganatra Muhammad Ashraf , Obaid Obaidullah , Tarar Moazzam Nazeer , Chen Philip Kuo-Ting , Laub Donald Rudolph
Published: November 2018

Background:

It is not easy to find a management-based classification of palatal fistula in the literature. A few attempts have been made to classify the wide variety of fistulae that do not describe the fistula details comprehensively and guide toward its management. The authors have come across a wide variety of fistulae that could not be classified according to any of the prevailing classification systems. The presented classification gives a clear and exact understanding of location and size of fistula/dehiscence. Palatal function has been included as one of the important determinants for devising a management plan. Based on this classification, the authors have proposed an algorithm that encompasses clear guidelines for surgical treatment of these fistulae.

Methods:

Over the past 15 years, the authors’ team operated on 2537 palatal fistula patients. The medical records of these patients were reviewed to determine the location, size, and velopharyngeal competence. A new classification and algorithm were developed.

Results:

Of 2537 patients, 2258 had midline fistulae, 208 had lateral fistulae, and 53 had subtotal fistulae. There were 18 patients with dehiscence. Recurrence developed in 181 patients.

Conclusion:

The authors believe that this classification and algorithm can help follow a practical approach to manage palatal fistulae and dehiscence.
Tomoelastography for the Evaluation of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Hudert Christian A. , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Rudolph Birgit , Bläker Hendrik , Loddenkemper Christoph , Müller Hans-Peter , Henning Stephan , Bufler Philip , Hamm Bernd , Braun Jürgen , Holzhütter Hermann-Georg , Wiegand Susanna , Sack Ingolf , Guo Jing
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Today, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children and adults alike. Yet, the noninvasive evaluation of disease severity remains a diagnostic challenge. In this study, we apply multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography (mMRE) for the quantification of liver steatosis and fibrosis in adolescents with NAFLD.

Methods

Fifty adolescents (age range, 10–17 years; mean BMI, 33.9 kg/m2; range, 21.4–42.1 kg/m2) with biopsy-proven NAFLD were included in this prospective study. Multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography was performed using external multifrequency vibrations of 30 to 60 Hz and tomoelastography postprocessing, resulting in penetration rate (a) and shear wave speed (c). Hepatic fat fraction was determined using Dixon method. The diagnostic accuracy of mMRE in grading liver steatosis and staging liver fibrosis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

Multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography parameters c and a were independently sensitive to fibrosis and steatosis, respectively, providing area under the receiver operating characteristic values of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.92), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.83–0.99), and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.80–0.99) for the detection of any (≥F1), moderate (≥F2), and advanced (≥F3) fibrosis, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.76–0.97) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.77–0.96) for the detection of moderate (≥S2) and severe (S3) steatosis.

Conclusions

One mMRE measurement provides 2 independent parameters with very good diagnostic accuracy in detecting moderate and advanced fibrosis as well as moderate and severe steatosis in pediatric NAFLD.
Predictiveness and Reward Effects on Attention can be Explained by a Single Mechanism
Authors: Paskewitz Samuel , Jones Matt
Published: November 2018

The authors have withdrawn their manuscript because of a failure to replicate its main empirical result. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Full title:Age analysis and growth patterns ofTenualosa ilishausing otolith examination and length-weight relationships from different regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Ahmed Borhan , Ahammad A. K. Shakur , Shahjahan  , Kumar Datta Biraj , Rabbi Fazla , Ashraful Alam Mohammad , Bashar Abul , Mahmud Yahia
Published: November 2018

The assessment of age and growth patterns provides crucial information on numerous aspects of the population dynamics in fish, which can, in turn, be used to determine a sustainable fishing rate and inform effective resource management practices. However, studies on the age and growth pattern ofTenualosa ilisha(commonly referred to as hilsa) are plagued by a lack of essential information; addressing this data gap is the aim of the present study. Six diverse habitats across Bangladesh were chosen as sampling sites for hilsa collection. For age determinations, the lunar rings in the otolith of the hilsa fish that are periodically-deposited in accordance with the lunar cycle were used to reflect 14-day increments of time. The length and weight of each fish were recorded prior to otolith extraction. The resulting otoliths were polished to enable the visualization and quantification of their lunar rings with a high-magnification microscope. Except for the Kali River and Gaglajur Haor samples, the age of the fish correlated strongly with both their length and weight (r> 0.95;p< 0.05). Again, aside from those from the Kali River and Gaglajur Haor, all of the samples exhibited positive allometric growth patterns (b> 3) with the fish from the Tetulia River being the most positive (b= 3.48). The causes these variations are not yet clearly understood, however; the nutrient availability, environmental variation, and genetic-environmental interactions are likely contributors to the diversities displayed by the hilsa from different regions of Bangladesh.
A spatially regulated GTPase cycle of Rheb controls growth factor signaling to mTORC1
Authors: Kovacevic Marija , Klein Christian H. , Roßmannek Lisaweta , Konitsiotis Antonios D. , Stanoev Angel , Kraemer Astrid U. , Bastiaens Philippe I. H.
Published: November 2018

Growth factors initiate anabolism by activating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via the small GTPase Rheb. We show that the GTPase cycle of Rheb is spatially regulated by the interaction with its GDI-like solubilizing factor (GSF) – PDEδ. Arl2-GTP mediated localized release of cytosolic Rheb-GTP from PDEδ deposits it onto perinuclear membranes where it forms a complex with mTORC1. The membrane associated GTPase activating protein (GAP) TSC2 hydrolyzes Rheb-GTP, weakening the interaction with mTOR. Rheb-GDP is readily released into the cytosol where it is maintained soluble by interaction with PDEδ. This solubilized Rheb is re-activated by nucleotide exchange to be re-deposited by Arl2-mediated release onto perinuclear membranes. This spatial GTPase cycle thereby enables mTORC1 activation to be solely controlled by growth factor induced inactivation of TSC2. The coupling between mTOR activation and spatially regulated Rheb nucleotide exchange makes growth factor induced proliferation critically dependent on PDEδ expression.
Formation and structural characterization of a potassium amidinoguanidinate
Authors: Lorenz Volker , Liebing Phil , Hilfert Liane , Busse Sabine , Edelmann Frank T.
Published: November 2018

The first potassium amidinoguanidinate complex, catena-poly[[bis(μ-1-amidinato-N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetraisopropylguanidinato-κ5
N
1:N
1,N
2:N
2,N
4)dipotassium]-μ-1,2-dimethoxyethane-κ2
O:O′], [K2(C14H32N4)2(C4H10O2)]
n
or [{
i
PrN= CHN(
i
Pr)N(N
i
Pr)2K}2(μ-DME)]
n
where DME is 1,2-dimethoxyethane, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The title compound was isolated in 76% yield from a reaction of N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide with potassium hydride in DME. The single-crystal X-ray structure determination of the title compound revealed a polymeric chain structure comprising cage-like dimeric units, with the amidinoguanidinate ligand displaying a mixed σ-/π-coordination mode.
Dithiobis(formamidinium) bis(hydrogen sulfate)
Authors: Zouihri Hafid , El Korchi Khadija , Yamni Khalid , Tijani Najib
Published: November 2018

The crystal structure of the title salt, dithiobis(formamidinium) bis(hydrogen sulfate), C2H8N4S2
2+·2HSO4
−, is built up from dithiobis(formamidinium) cations and hydrogensulfate anions. The anion is an almost regular tetrahedron. In the crystal, the anions and cations are linked by O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.
Individual, organizational and social level antecedents of work-family enrichment: Does gender acts as a moderator?
Authors: Mishra Pavitra , Bhatnagar Jyotsna
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This study aims to fulfill the need to explore positive side of work–family interface, especially in emerging economies like India. The authors assessed the relationships of individual (family role salience), organizational (work–family culture) and social (community support) antecedents to work-to-family enrichment. They also examined whether gender moderated the relationship between the three antecedents and work-to-family enrichment.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected on a questionnaire scale from 487 employees.

Findings

It has been found that family role salience, supportive work-family culture and community support were directly related to work-to-family enrichment. Gender did not influence the relationship between work-family culture and work-to-family enrichment. However, relationships between family role salience and work-to-family enrichment, and between community support and work-to-family enrichment, were stronger in case of the male employees. The evolving nature of gender and integration of work-family-community domain provide insights into managers and policymakers about the importance of family and community in the organizations.

Practical implications

The study builds a business case for facilitating a positive work-family culture in India for both male and female employees. The results point to the transitioning socio-cultural scenario of India, which advocates more similarities than differences in modern gender role expectations and identity. The current study emphasizes that while formulating policy, managers and policymakers should keep in mind evolving preferences of both the genders.

Originality/value

The research provides a holistic view of how individual-, organizational- and social-level factors may affect employees’ work–family enrichment in India. It also highlights the changing role of gender. Theoretical and practical limitations are also discussed.
Acquirer’s corporate reputation in cross-border acquisitions: the moderating effect of country image
Authors: Matarazzo Michela , Lanzilli Giulia , Resciniti Riccardo
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether, in the context of a cross-border acquisition, the acquirer’s country image (CI) could moderate the relationship between the acquirer’s corporate reputation (CR) and consumers’ repurchase intentions towards the products of the post-acquisition target.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examined the roles played by the acquirer’s CR and the acquirer’s CI on consumer behaviour by considering an Italian target firm with a high reputation and comparing four foreign acquiring firms with different combinations of CR (poor/good) and CI (high/low).

Findings

It was found that both CR and CI have a significant impact on Italian consumers’ intention to repurchase the products of the post-acquisition target. Furthermore, the results show a greater increase in consumers’ repurchase intentions when a good reputation of the acquirer is paired with a high CI for the acquirer, but a high CI cannot compensate for a poor CR.

Originality/value

The research investigates, in the context of cross-border acquisitions (CBAs), the impact of the acquirer’s CR and the acquirer’s CI on the host country consumers’ repurchase intentions after the CBA, which has not previously been thoroughly examined. It can help managers to understand the conditions under which CBAs will be favourably evaluated.
The impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation and education on generation Z’s intention towards entrepreneurship
Authors: Frunzaru Valeriu , Cismaru Diana-Maria
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of entrepreneurial features and the intention towards entrepreneurship (ITE) of generation Z students. The paper also explores if entrepreneurial education (EE) plays a role in the development of individual entrepreneurship orientation (IEO) and in increasing the ITE of the generation Z students.

Design/methodology/approach

The research consists of a survey of students in the fields of marketing and communication (n = 590) conducted in January 2018. The authors used SPSS software to test the reliability of scales that measure IEO, ITE, the need for achievement, structural behaviour, self-efficacy and the attitude towards job flexibility, and to run Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and t test to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The findings show that generation Z students have similar ITE and EE to colleagues from other generations. EE has a significant impact on increasing both IEO and ITE. Nevertheless, generation Z students have a higher need for achievement, a lower self-efficacy and are more open to a flexible labour market.

Originality/value

This paper explores a topic which has received little attention: the interest and capacity of generation Z students to develop their own business. The paper also analyses whether the EE offered by universities can play a role in this regard.
Transcomputability, (Glanville’s corollary of) Ashby’s law of requisite variety and epistemic processes
Authors: Fischer Thomas
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Ranulph Glanville has argued that ambitions of strict control are misplaced in epistemic processes such as learning and designing. Among other reasons, he has presented quantitative arguments for this ethical position. As a part of these arguments, Glanville claimed that strict control even of modest systems transcends the computational limits of our planet. The purpose of this paper is to review the related discourse and to examine the soundness of this claim.

Design/methodology/approach

Related literature is reviewed and pertinent lines of reasoning are illustrated and critically examined using examples and straightforward language.

Findings

The claim that even modest epistemic processes transcend the computational means of our planet is challenged. The recommendation to assume out-of-control postures in epistemic processes, however, is maintained on ethical rather than on quantitative grounds.

Research limitations/implications

The presented reasoning is limited in as far as it is ultimately based on an ethical standpoint.

Originality/value

This paper summarizes an important cybernetic discourse and dispels the notion therein that epistemic processes necessarily involve computational demands of astronomical proportions. Furthermore, this paper presents a rare discussion of Glanville’s Corollary of Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety.
Macroeconomic significance of transaction costs in microfinance intermediation
Authors: Swamy Vighneswara
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the macroeconomic significance of transaction costs in microfinance intermediation and explain how the deposit mobilization and micro lending impact the microfinance transaction costs. It presents some empirical evidence as building blocks for the theory of financial intermediation that aims at strengthening the efficiency of financial intermediation in the context of preferential credit and or the microfinance sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses the panel data consisting of different groups of banks in India (such as public sector banks, private banks and foreign banks) data across a period from March 1993 to March 2009 to estimate the panel VAR model to determine the determinants of transaction cost model in financial intermediation. The study also uses the panel Granger causality analysis to test the direction of causation to know the behavior of the operating expense of the banks in their financial intermediation process.

Findings

The study reveals that there is a positive direct relationship between operating expense and priority sector lending by banks. The findings show that the transaction costs act as a barrier for the banking firms in microfinance intermediation; and, the banks are able to manage the transaction costs of microfinance intermediation with an increase in overall deposit mobilization and increased non-microfinance lending. The study recommends that there is a need to upscale the functional efficiency of microfinance intermediaries.

Originality/value

This study offers to bridge the research gap and adds novel information to the literature on microfinance intermediation. It is the first empirical paper showing the macroeconomic significance of transaction costs in microfinance intermediation.
Hydrogen peroxide pre-treatment enhances antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging activities of tree bean (Parkia roxburghii G. Don) seeds and pods during storage
Authors: Devi Mayengbam Premi , Sahoo Manas Ranjan , Kuna Aparna , Dasgupta Madhumita , Mandarapu Sowmya , Deb Prahlad , Prakash Narendra
Published: November 2018

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effects of various physical and chemical pre-treatments on antioxidant properties of tree bean (Parkia roxburghii G. Don) in combination with storage conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The whole pods and seeds of tree bean were treated with gamma rays (γ-rays), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and stored at room temperature (RT, 25°C) for 30 days. The physical and chemical pre-treated seeds and pods were compared with the same stored at RT and refrigerated storage at 4°C and −20°C. During storage, physical (moisture content) and antioxidants like total phenolics, ascorbate content, reduced glutathione, total flavonoids, along with free radical scavenging activities (FRSA) were measured.

Findings

Chemical pre-treatments with NaOCl, ClO2 and H2O2 significantly accelerated (p = 0.05) the total phenolics (1.9 mg/g FW in seeds and 2.4 mg/g FW in pods), flavonoids content (0.3 mg/g FW each in seeds and pods) and ABTS activities (73.3 per cent in seeds and 92.3 per cent in pods) at 30 days of storage. A significant decrease (p = 0.05) in ascorbate content (6.1 mg/g FW in seeds and 3.5 mg/g FW in pods), reduced glutathione (5.1 mg/g FW in seeds and 3.7 mg/g FW in pods), FRAP (0.3 mg equi Fe/g FW in seeds and 0.4 mg equi Fe/g FW in pods) and reducing power (1.8 mg/g FW in seeds and 3.7 mg/g FW in pods) was observed under all the treatments at 30 days of storage. However, DPPH increased under γ-irradiation and decreased under chemical pre-treatments, storage at RT and refrigerated storage. The overall result showed that pre-treatment of H2O2 at 10-20 mM maintains antioxidants and radical scavenging activities in tree bean during storage.

Originality/value

The application of H2O2 at 10-20 mM prior to storage of tree bean maintains the physical, antioxidant properties and FRSA in tree bean seeds and pods as compared to natural ambient conditions. Hence, this technique will help in improving the keeping quality of this legume and avoid spoilage after harvest for an extended period.
Are computers better than smartphones for web survey responses?
Authors: Ha Louisa S. , Zhang Chenjie
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of smartphones and computers as web survey entry response devices on the quality of responses in different question formats and across different survey invitations delivery modes. The respondents’ preference of device and the response immediacy were also compared.

Design/methodology/approach

Two field experiments were conducted with a cluster sampling and a census of all students in a public university in the USA.

Findings

Device effect on response quality was only found when using computer-aided self-interviews, but not in e-mail delivered web surveys. Even though the computer was the preferred device, but the smartphone’s immediate response was significantly higher than the computer.

Research limitations/implications

The sample was restricted to college students who are more proficient users of smartphones and have high access to computers. But the direct comparison in the two studies using the same population increases the internal validity of the study comparing different web survey delivery modes.

Practical implications

Because of the minor differences in device on response quality, researchers can consider using more smartphones for field work such as computer-aided self-interviews to complement e-mail delivered surveys.

Originality/value

This is the first study that compares the response device effects of computer-aided self-interviews and e-mailed delivered web surveys. Because web surveys are increasingly used and various devices are being used to collect data, how respondents behave in different devices and the strengths and weaknesses of different methods of delivery survey help researchers to improve data quality and develop effective web survey delivery and participant recruitment.
Cancer risk in 892 089 patients with psoriasis in Korea: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Kim Hyo Jung , Han Kyung Do , Kim Ha‐Na , Park Young Min , Lee Jun Young , Park Yong‐Gyu , Lee Young Bok
Published: November 2018

The relationship between psoriasis and cancer has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of psoriasis with certain cancers using national statistics. All patients with psoriasis (n = 892 089; 51.7% male) and age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects (n = 4 460 445) at a 5:1 ratio were enrolled using data from the National Health Insurance Service between 2007 and 2014 in Korea. In psoriatic subjects, overall cancer risk was higher than for subjects without psoriasis after adjusting for income level, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and place of residence (hazard ratio, 1.065; 95% CI, 1.049–1.081). The risk of cancer increased in the following order: prostate, thyroid, liver, ovarian, lung, leukemia, skin, multiple myeloma, lymphoma and testicular. The severity and sex of psoriatic patients also had different cancer risks. In psoriatic patients, a slightly increased risk for specific malignant neoplasms was shown. Therefore, periodic screening for cancer risk is recommended in patients with psoriasis.
Student‐directed learning of literacy skills for students with intellectual disability
Authors: Garrels Veerle
Published: November 2018

Literacy competence is a prerequisite for community participation. Yet, many students with intellectual disability do not meet the minimum criteria for proficiency in reading and writing. With poor performance in these academic areas, motivation for learning may be dwindling, which in turn may lead to even poorer performance. The present study uses a single‐case experimental design to investigate how student‐directed learning may address this double challenge of motivation and performance. In the study, five adolescents (aged 13–15) with mild intellectual disability used the Self‐Determined Learning Model of Instruction to select self‐chosen goals within reading and writing skills. Despite little prior knowledge of the goal setting and action planning process, all participating students attained their literacy goals. This finding emphasises the need for special educators to provide their students with frequent opportunities and training to practice and refine the necessary skills for active participation in the learning process. Doing so may enhance students' motivation for learning as well as their academic performances.
The Impact of Credit Policy on Rice Production in Myanmar
Authors: Aung Nilar , Nguyen Hoa‐Thi‐Minh , Sparrow Robert
Published: November 2018

Rural finance has long been an important tool for poverty reduction and rural development by donors and governments, but the impacts have been controversial. Measuring impact is challenging due to identification problems caused by selection bias and governments’ targeted interventions, while randomised trial data are scarce and limited to contexts where little to no rural finance exists. Using an author‐collected dataset, we provide insights on a large‐scale long‐lasting subsidised rice credit programme in Myanmar, one of the poorest and, until recently, most economically isolated countries in Asia. Identification relies on a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, exploiting an arbitrary element to the credit provision rule which is based on rice landholding size. Although we find little evidence that rice yield or output is increased, we do see that the programme has some positive effects on total household income, suggesting a positive spillover effect on other farm income activities.
Rational Design of Amyloid‐Like Fibrillary Structures for Tailoring Food Protein Techno‐Functionality and Their Potential Health Implications
Authors: Jansens Koen J.A. , Rombouts Ine , Grootaert Charlotte , Brijs Kristof , Van Camp John , Van der Meeren Paul , Rousseau Frederic , Schymkowitz Joost , Delcour Jan A.
Published: November 2018

To control and enhance protein functionality is a major challenge for food scientists. In this context, research on food protein fibril formation, especially amyloid fibril formation, holds much promise. We here first provide a concise overview of conditions, which affect amyloid formation in food proteins. Particular attention is directed towards amyloid core regions because these sequences promote ordered aggregation. Better understanding of this process will be key to tailor the fibril formation process. Especially seeding, that is, adding preformed protein fibrils to protein solutions to accelerate fibril formation holds promise to tailor aggregation and fibril techno‐functionality. Some studies have already indicated that food protein fibrillation indeed improves their techno‐functionality. However, much more research is necessary to establish whether protein fibrils are useful in complex food systems and whether and to what extent they resist food processing unit operations. In this review the effect of amyloid formation on gelation, interfacial properties, foaming, and emulsification is discussed. Despite their prevalent role as functional structures, amyloids also receive a lot of attention due to their association with protein deposition diseases, prompting us to thoroughly investigate the potential health impact of amyloid‐like aggregates in food. A literature review on the effect of the different stages of the human digestive process on amyloid toxicity leads us to conclude that food‐derived amyloid fibrils (even those with potential pathogenic properties) very likely have minimal impact on human health. Nevertheless, prior to wide‐spread application of the technology, it is highly advisable to further verify the lack of toxicity of food‐derived amyloid fibrils.