bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertically Aligned Nanowires and Quantum Dots: Promises and Results in Light Energy Harvesting
Authors: Prestopino Giuseppe , Orsini Andrea , Barettin Daniele , Arrabito Giuseppe , Pignataro Bruno , Medaglia Pier Gianni
Published: June 2023

The synthesis of crystals with a high surface-to-volume ratio is essential for innovative, high-performance electronic devices and sensors. The easiest way to achieve this in integrated devices with electronic circuits is through the synthesis of high-aspect-ratio nanowires aligned vertically to the substrate surface. Such surface structuring is widely employed for the fabrication of photoanodes for solar cells, either combined with semiconducting quantum dots or metal halide perovskites. In this review, we focus on wet chemistry recipes for the growth of vertically aligned nanowires and technologies for their surface functionalization with quantum dots, highlighting the procedures that yield the best results in photoconversion efficiencies on rigid and flexible substrates. We also discuss the effectiveness of their implementation. Among the three main materials used for the fabrication of nanowire-quantum dot solar cells, ZnO is the most promising, particularly due to its piezo-phototronic effects. Techniques for functionalizing the surfaces of nanowires with quantum dots still need to be refined to be effective in covering the surface and practical to implement. The best results have been obtained from slow multi-step local drop casting. It is promising that good efficiencies have been achieved with both environmentally toxic lead-containing quantum dots and environmentally friendly zinc selenide.
Preface to the Special Issue on “Recent Advances in Swarm Intelligence Algorithms and Their Applications”—Special Issue Book
Authors: Dong Jian
Published: June 2023

Swarm intelligence algorithms represent a rapidly growing research domain and have recently attracted a great deal of attention [...]
Complex Knowledge Graph Embeddings Based on Convolution and Translation
Authors: Shi Lin , Yang Zhao , Ji Zhanlin , Ganchev Ivan
Published: June 2023

Link prediction involves the use of entities and relations that already exist in a knowledge graph to reason about missing entities or relations. Different approaches have been proposed to date for performing this task. This paper proposes a combined use of the translation-based approach with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based approach, resulting in a novel model, called ConCMH. In the proposed model, first, entities and relations are embedded into the complex space, followed by a vector multiplication of entity embeddings and relational embeddings and taking the real part of the results to generate a feature matrix of their interaction. Next, a 2D convolution is used to extract features from this matrix and generate feature maps. Finally, the feature vectors are transformed into predicted entity embeddings by obtaining the inner product of the feature mapping and the entity embedding matrix. The proposed ConCMH model is compared against state-of-the-art models on the four most commonly used benchmark datasets and the obtained experimental results confirm its superiority in the majority of cases.
A Hybrid Full-Discretization Method of Multiple Interpolation Polynomials and Precise Integration for Milling Stability Prediction
Authors: Yang Xuefeng , Yang Wenan , You Youpeng
Published: June 2023

As milling chatter can lead to poor machining quality and limit the efficiency of productivity, it is of great significance to learn about milling chatter stability and research the effective and fast prediction of milling stability. In this study, a hybrid full-discretization method of multiple interpolation polynomials and precise integration (HFDM) is proposed for milling stability prediction. Firstly, the third-order Newton interpolation polynomial, third-order Hermite interpolation polynomial and linear interpolation are applied to approximate the state term, delay term and periodic coefficient matrix, respectively. Meanwhile, the matrix exponentials can be calculated based on the precise integration algorithm, which can improve computational accuracy and efficiency. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed method can not only effectively generate a stability lobe diagram (SLD) but also obtain better prediction accuracy and computation efficiency. A milling experiment is offered to demonstrate the feasibility of the method.
Topological Approach for Material Structure Analyses in Terms of R2 Orientation Distribution Function
Authors: Smirnova Victoriya , Semenova Elena , Prunov Valeriy , Zamaliev Ruslan , Sachenkov Oskar
Published: June 2023

The application of solid mechanics theory for material behavior faces the discrete nature of modern or biological material. Despite the developed methods of homogenization, there are deviations between simulated and experiments results. The reason is homogenization, which mathematically involves a type of interpolation. The situation gets worse for complex structured materials. On the other hand, a topological approach can help in such analysis, but such an approach has computational costs. At the same time, increasing modern computational capabilities remove this barrier. This study is focused on building a method to analyze material structure in a topological sense. The orientation distribution function was used to describe the structure of the material. The plane case was investigated. Quadratic and biquadratic forms of interpolant were investigated. The persistent homology approach was used for topology analysis. For this purpose, a persistence diagram for quadratic and biquadratic forms was found and analyzed. In this study, it is shown how scaling the origin point cloud influences H1 points in the persistence diagram. It was assumed that the topology of the biquadratic form can be understood as a superposition of quadratic forms. Quantitative estimates are given for ellipticity and H1 points. A dataset of micro photos was processed using the proposed method. Furthermore, the supply criteria for the interpolation choice in quadratic or biquadratic forms was formulated.
A Model for a Vacation Queuing Policy Considering Server’s Deterioration and Recovery
Authors: Hanukov Gabi , Shoval Shraga
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we present a vacation queue model in which the service rate of the server deteriorates during the service period (e.g., due to the fatigue of a human server or the wear and ageing of machinery) and recovers during the vacation period (e.g., following a recuperation period for a human sever or the servicing of a machine). During the recuperation period, the main server is replaced with a temporary server with inferior capabilities. Using the multi-dimensional Markov process, we analyze the effects of different vacation policies on the target function and focus on the scheduling of the vacation period as a function of the deterioration and recovery rates. It is shown that the use of vacations to allow the server to rest and regain efficiency has a strong and valuable effect on the mean customer waiting time, to the extent that switching servers may be beneficial for the system, even when implemented at a point in time when the main server’s service rate is still much higher than that of the temporary server.
Mathematical and Statistical Aspects of Estimating Small Oscillations Parameters in a Conservative Mechanical System Using Inaccurate Observations
Authors: Tsitsiashvili Gurami , Gudimenko Alexey , Osipova Marina
Published: June 2023

This paper selects a set of reference points in the form of an arithmetic progression for planning an experiment to evaluate the parameters of systems of differential equations. This choice makes it possible to construct estimates of the parameters of a system of first-order differential equations based on the reversibility of the observation matrix, as well as estimates of the parameters of a system of second-order differential equations describing vibrations in a mechanical system by switching to a system of first-order differential equations. In turn, the reversibility of the observation matrix used in parameter estimation is established using the Vandermonde formula. A volumetric computational experiment has been carried out showing how, with an increase in the number of observations in the vicinity of reference points and with a decrease in the step of arithmetic progression, the accuracy of estimates of the parameters of the analyzed system increases. Among the estimated parameters, the most important are the oscillation frequencies of a conservative mechanical system, which establish its proximity to resonance, and therefore, determine the stability and reliability of the system.
Ex Vivo Human Histology Fractional Treatment with a New CO2 Scanner: A Potential Application on Deep Scarring
Authors: Bonan Paolo , Pieri Laura , Fusco Irene , Madeddu Francesca , Zingoni Tiziano , Conforti Claudio , Piccolo Domenico
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: For many years, fully ablative laser treatments, particularly those performed with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, were regarded as the gold standard for resurfacing. This study’s goal is to assess the depth that can be reached by a new CO2 scanner system, through a skin model with greater dermal thickness, to use in the treatment of deep scarring. Materials and Methods: Male human skin tissue was laser-treated using a CO2 fractional laser and a new scanning system, and all samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, dehydrated using a series of crescent alcohol, embedded in paraffin, sectioned in series (4–5 µm thick), stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and then analysed under an optical microscope. Results: From the epidermis through the underlying papillary and reticular dermis to various depths of the dermis, microablation columns of damage and coagulated microcolumns of collagen were observed. The reticular dermis was fully penetrated up to 6 mm at higher energy levels (210 mJ/DOT), resulting in deeper tissue injury. Although the laser might penetrate further, the skin stops there, leaving just the fat and muscular tissue. Conclusions: The deep layers of the dermis can be penetrated by the CO2 laser system throughout the entire dermal thickness when using the new scanning system, suggesting that this laser’s potential impact, at the selected settings, covers all skin targets required to perform superficial or deep treatments on any dermatological issue. Finally, patients who have problems, such as morbid scar-deep complications, which affect their quality of life, are more likely to profit from this innovative technique.
The Development of Alginate/Ag NPs/Caffeic Acid Composite Membranes as Adsorbents for Water Purification
Authors: Spoială Angela , Ilie Cornelia-Ioana , Dolete Georgiana , Petrișor Gabriela , Trușcă Roxana-Doina , Motelica Ludmila , Ficai Denisa , Ficai Anton , Oprea Ovidiu-Cristian , Dițu Mara-Lia
Published: June 2023

Since the water pollution problem still affects the environmental system and human health, the need to develop innovative membranes has become imperious. Lately, researchers have focused on developing novel materials to help diminish the contamination problem. The aim of present research was to obtain innovative adsorbent composite membranes based on a biodegradable polymer, alginate, to remove toxic pollutants. Of all pollutants, lead was chosen due to its high toxicity. The composite membranes were successfully obtained through a direct casting method. The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and caffeic acid (CA) from the composite membranes were kept at low concentrations, which proved enough to bestow antimicrobial activity to the alginate membrane. The obtained composite membranes were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and microscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DSC). Swelling behaviour, lead ion (Pb2+) removal capacity, regeneration and reusability were also determined. Further, the antimicrobial activity was tested against selected pathogenic strains (S. aureus, E. faecalis sp., P. aeruginosa, E. coli and C. albicans). The presence of Ag NPs and CA improves the antimicrobial activity of the newly developed membranes. Overall, the composite membranes are suitable for complex water treatment (removal of heavy metal ions and antimicrobial treatment).
Widely Targeted HPLC-MS/MS Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Natural Metabolic Insights in Insects
Authors: Li Zhaoxin , Cheng Yunlong , Chen Jinxin , Xu Weijun , Ma Wentao , Li Sheng , Du Erxia
Published: June 2023

Insect metabolites play vital roles in regulating the physiology, behavior, and numerous adaptations of insects, which has contributed to them becoming the largest class of Animalia. However, systematic metabolomics within the insects is still unclear. The present study performed a widely targeted metabolomics analysis based on the HPLC-MS/MS technology to construct a novel integrated metabolic database presenting comprehensive multimetabolite profiles from nine insect species across three metamorphosis types. A total of 1442 metabolites were identified, including amino acids and their metabolites, organic acids and their derivatives, fatty acids (FAs), glycerophospholipids (GPs), nucleotides and their metabolites, and benzene and its substituted derivatives. Among them, 622 metabolites were used to generate a 0 and 1 matrix based on their presence or absence, and these metabolites were enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and insect hormone biosynthesis pathways. Our study revealed that there is a high coincidence between the evolutionary relationships of the species and the hierarchical cluster based on the types of metabolites, while the quantities of the metabolites show a high diversity among species. The metabolome of the nine representative insects provides an important platform for implementing the analysis of insect systemic metabolites and biological events at the metabolic level.
Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction Amelioration for Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor-Induced Improvements in Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Yanai Hidekatsu , Adachi Hiroki , Hakoshima Mariko , Katsuyama Hisayuki
Published: June 2023

Beyond lowering plasma glucose levels, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) significantly reduce hospitalization for heart failure (HF) and retard the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction is not only involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but is also associated with the progression of CKD. In patients with type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia induce the development of endothelial dysfunction. SGLT2is have been shown to improve endothelial dysfunction, as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation, in individuals at high risk of CVD. Along with an improvement in endothelial dysfunction, SGLT2is have been shown to improve oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, glucotoxicity, such as the advanced signaling of glycation end products, and nitric oxide bioavailability. The improvements in endothelial dysfunction and such endothelium-derived factors may play an important role in preventing the development of coronary artery disease, coronary microvascular dysfunction and diabetic cardiomyopathy, which cause HF, and play a role in retarding CKD. The suppression of the development of HF and the progression of CKD achieved by SGLT2is might have been largely induced by their capacity to improve vascular endothelial function.
Association of Metabolites, Nutrients, and Toxins in Maternal and Cord Serum with Asthma, IgE, SPT, FeNO, and Lung Function in Offspring
Authors: Karmaus Wilfried , Kheirkhah Rahimabad Parnian , Pham Ngan , Mukherjee Nandini , Chen Su , Anthony Thilani M. , Arshad Hasan S. , Rathod Aniruddha , Sultana Nahid , Jones A. Daniel
Published: June 2023

The role of metabolites, nutrients, and toxins (MNTs) in sera at the end of pregnancy and of their association with offspring respiratory and allergic disorders is underexplored. Untargeted approaches detecting a variety of compounds, known and unknown, are limited. In this cohort study, we first aimed at discovering associations of MNTs in grandmaternal (F0) serum with asthma, immunoglobulin E, skin prick tests, exhaled nitric oxide, and lung function parameters in their parental (F1) offspring. Second, for replication, we tested the identified associations of MNTs with disorders in their grandchildren (F2-offspring) based on F2 cord serum. The statistical analyses were sex-stratified. Using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry in F0, we detected signals for 2286 negative-ion lipids, 59 positive-ion lipids, and 6331 polar MNTs. Nine MNTs (one unknown MNT) discovered in F0-F1 and replicated in F2 showed higher risks of respiratory/allergic outcomes. Twelve MNTs (four unknowns) constituted a potential protection in F1 and F2. We recognized MNTs not yet considered candidates for respiratory/allergic outcomes: a phthalate plasticizer, an antihistamine, a bile acid metabolite, tryptophan metabolites, a hemiterpenoid glycoside, triacylglycerols, hypoxanthine, and polyphenol syringic acid. The findings suggest that MNTs are aspirants for clinical trials to prevent adverse respiratory/allergic outcomes.
A RRAM-Based True Random Number Generator with 2T1R Architecture for Hardware Security Applications
Authors: Peng Bo , Wu Qiqiao , Wang Zhongqiang , Yang Jianguo
Published: June 2023

Resistance random access memory (RRAM) based true random number generator (TRNG) has great potential to be applied to hardware security owing to its intrinsic switching variability. Especially the high resistance state (HRS) variation is usually taken as the entropy source of RRAM-based TRNG. However, the small HRS variation of RRAM may be introduced owing to fabrication process fluctuations, which may lead to error bits and be vulnerable to noise interference. In this work, we propose an RRAM-based TRNG with a 2T1R architecture scheme, which can effectively distinguish the resistance values of HRS with an accuracy of 1.5 kΩ. As a result, the error bits can be corrected to a certain extent while the noise is suppressed. Finally, a 2T1R RRAM-based TRNG macro is simulated and verified using the 28 nm CMOS process, which suggests its potential for hardware security applications.
Research on Improved Quantitative Identification Algorithm in Odor Source Searching Based on Gas Sensor Array
Authors: Zhao Yanru , Wang Dongsheng , Huang Xiaojie
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the precision of gas detection and develop valid search strategies, the improved quantitative identification algorithm in odor source searching was researched based on the gas sensor array. The gas sensor array was devised corresponding to the artificial olfactory system, and the one-to-one response mode to the measured gas was set up with its inherent cross-sensitive properties. The quantitative identification algorithms were researched, and the improved Back Propagation algorithm was proposed combining cuckoo algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm. The test results prove that using the improved algorithm to obtain the optimal solution −1 at the 424th iteration of the Schaffer function with 0% error. The gas detection system designed with MATLAB was used to obtain the detected gas concentration information, then the concentration change curve may be achieved. The results show that the gas sensor array can detect the concentration of alcohol and methane in the corresponding concentration detection range and show a good detection performance. The test plan was designed, and the test platform in a simulated environment in the laboratory was found. The concentration prediction of experimental data selected randomly was made by the neural network, and the evaluation indices were defined. The search algorithm and strategy were developed, and the experimental verification was carried out. It is testified that the zigzag searching stage with an initial angle of 45° is with fewer steps, faster searching speed, and a more exact position to discover the highest concentration point.
Injection Molding of Encapsulated Diffractive Optical Elements
Authors: Wagner Stefan , Treptow Kevin , Weser Sascha , Drexler Marc , Sahakalkan Serhat , Eberhardt Wolfgang , Guenther Thomas , Pruss Christof , Herkommer Alois , Zimmermann André
Published: June 2023

Microstructuring techniques, such as laser direct writing, enable the integration of microstructures into conventional polymer lens systems and may be used to generate advanced functionality. Hybrid polymer lenses combining multiple functions such as diffraction and refraction in a single component become possible. In this paper, a process chain to enable encapsulated and aligned optical systems with advanced functionality in a cost-efficient way is presented. Within a surface diameter of 30 mm, diffractive optical microstructures are integrated in an optical system based on two conventional polymer lenses. To ensure precise alignment between the lens surfaces and the microstructure, resist-coated ultra-precision-turned brass substrates are structured via laser direct writing, and the resulting master structures with a height of less than 0.002 mm are replicated into metallic nickel plates via electroforming. The functionality of the lens system is demonstrated through the production of a zero refractive element. This approach provides a cost-efficient and highly accurate method for producing complicated optical systems with integrated alignment and advanced functionality.
Therapeutic Prospect of New Probiotics in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Bi Mingxia , Liu Chang , Wang Yulin , Liu Shuang-Jiang
Published: June 2023

Increasing clinical and preclinical evidence implicates gut microbiome (GM) dysbiosis as a key susceptibility factor for neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In recent years, neurodegenerative diseases have been viewed as being driven not solely by defects in the brain, and the role of GM in modulating central nervous system function via the gut–brain axis has attracted considerable interest. Encouraged by current GM research, the development of new probiotics may lead to tangible impacts on the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes current understandings of GM composition and characteristics associated with neurodegenerative diseases and research demonstrations of key molecules from the GM that affect neurodegeneration. Furthermore, applications of new probiotics, such as Clostridium butyricum, Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Bacteroides fragilis, for the remediation of neurodegenerative diseases are discussed.
Phytoplankton-Bacteria Interactions 2.0
Authors: Petrou Katherina
Published: June 2023

There are multiple ways in which phytoplankton and bacteria interact, starting from the fundamental symbiotic associations of direct attachment, through intimate interactions within the phytoplankton phycosphere, to random associations within the water column via the exudation and cycling of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and other chemical compounds [...]
Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Caecal Samples of Fattening Pigs at Slaughter
Authors: Tedersoo Triin , Roasto Mati , Mäesaar Mihkel , Fredriksson-Ahomaa Maria , Meremäe Kadrin
Published: June 2023

Pigs are known as the main Campylobacter coli reservoirs. Campylobacteriosis, the most commonly reported gastrointestinal disease in humans, is mainly caused by the consumption of poultry meat, and little is known about the role of pork. Pigs are often associated with C. coli, including antimicrobial-resistant isolates. Therefore, the entire pork production chain must be considered as an important source of antimicrobial-resistant C. coli. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from caecal samples of fattening pigs at the Estonian slaughterhouse level over a five-year period. The proportion of Campylobacter-positive caecal samples was 52%. All Campylobacter isolates were identified as C. coli. A high proportion of the isolates were resistant to most of the studied antimicrobials. The resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid was 74.8%, 54.4%, 34.4% and 31.9%, respectively. In addition, a high proportion (15.1%) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant and, in total, 93.3% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial.
The Slaughterhouse as Hotspot of CC1 and CC6 Listeria monocytogenes Strains with Hypervirulent Profiles in an Integrated Poultry Chain of Italy
Authors: Guidi Fabrizia , Centorotola Gabriella , Chiaverini Alexandra , Iannetti Luigi , Schirone Maria , Visciano Pierina , Cornacchia Alessandra , Scattolini Silvia , Pomilio Francesco , D’Alterio Nicola , Torresi Marina
Published: June 2023

In Europe, very few studies are available regarding the diversity of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) clonal complexes (CCs) and sequence types (ST) in poultry and on the related typing of isolates using whole genome sequencing (WGS). In this study, we used a WGS approach to type 122 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from chicken neck skin samples collected in two different slaughterhouses of an integrated Italian poultry company. The studied strains were classified into five CCs: CC1-ST1 (21.3%), CC6-ST6 (22.9%), CC9-ST9 (44.2%), CC121-ST121 (10.6%) and CC193-ST193 (0.8%). CC1 and CC6 strains presented a virulence gene profile composed of 60 virulence genes and including the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 3, aut_IVb, gltA and gltB. According to cgMLST and SNPs analysis, long-term persistent clusters belonging to CC1 and CC6 were found in one of the two slaughterhouses. The reasons mediating the persistence of these CCs (up to 20 months) remain to be elucidated, and may involve the presence and the expression of stress response and environmental adaptation genes including heavy metals resistance genes (cadAC, arsBC, CsoR-copA-copZ), multidrug efflux pumps (mrpABCEF, EmrB, mepA, bmrA, bmr3, norm), cold-shock tolerance (cspD) and biofilm-formation determinants (lmo0673, lmo2504, luxS, recO). These findings indicated a serious risk of poultry finished products contamination with hypervirulent L. monocytogenes clones and raised concern for the consumer health. In addition to the AMR genes norB, mprF, lin and fosX, ubiquitous in L. monocytogenes strains, we also identified parC for quinolones, msrA for macrolides and tetA for tetracyclines. Although the phenotypical expression of these AMR genes was not tested, none of them is known to confer resistance to the primary antibiotics used to treat listeriosis The obtained results increase the data on the L. monocytogenes clones circulating in Italy and in particular in the poultry chain.
Analysis of Rare Earth Ores Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Fayyaz Amir , Ali Raheel , Waqas Muhammad , Liaqat Usman , Ahmad Rizwan , Umar Zeshan A. , Baig Muhammed A.
Published: June 2023

Rare earth elements are gaining significant importance in the scientific and technological fields for their exciting physical properties and characteristics. The aim of the present study was to determine rare earth elements (REEs) in geological ores found in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. We present the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-TOF-MS) for the elemental analysis of geological ore samples containing REEs. The laser-induced plasma plume exhibits a wide array of emission lines, including those of rare earth elements such as Ce, La, and Nd. Furthermore, the spectral range, from 220 nm to 970 nm, encompasses emission lines from C, Fe, Ti, Na, Mg, Si, and Ca. The qualitative analysis of the constituent elements in the samples was performed by comparing the LIBS spectrum of the unknown sample with that of the spectroscopically pure rare earth elements (La2O3, CeO2, and Nd2O3, with 99.9% metals basis) recorded under the same experimental conditions. The quantitative analysis was performed using the calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS), LA-TOF-MS, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The results obtained by CF-LIBS were found to be in good agreement with those obtained using the LA-TOF-MS and EDX analytical techniques. LIBS is demonstrated to yield a quick and reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis, of any unknown geological sample, comparable to that of the other analytical techniques.
On the Challenges of Applying Machine Learning in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
Authors: Estay Humberto , Lois-Morales Pía , Montes-Atenas Gonzalo , Ruiz del Solar Javier
Published: June 2023

The application of Machine Learning in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy has important benefits in terms of increasing the predictability and controllability of the processes, optimizing their performance, and improving maintenance. However, this application has significant implementation challenges. This paper analyzes these challenges and proposes ways of addressing them. Among the main identified challenges are data scarcity and the difficulty in characterizing abnormal events/conditions as well as modeling processes, which require the creative use of different learning paradigms as well as incorporating phenomenological models in the data analysis process, which can make the learning process more efficient. Other challenges are related to the need of developing reliable in-line sensors, adopting interoperability data models and tools, and implementing the continuous measurement of critical variables. Finally, the paper stresses the need for training of advanced human capital resources with the required skills to address these challenges.
Development of Positively Charged Poly-L-Lysine Magnetic Nanoparticles as Potential MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Antal Iryna , Strbak Oliver , Zavisova Vlasta , Vojtova Jana , Kubovcikova Martina , Jurikova Alena , Khmara Iryna , Girman Vladimir , Džunda Róbert , Kovaľ Karol , Koneracka Martina
Published: June 2023

A colloidal solution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with biocompatible positively charged poly-L-lysine (PLL) with an oleate (OL) layer employed as an initial coating was produced as a potential MRI contrast agent. The effect of various PLL/MNPs’ mass ratios on the samples’ hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and isoelectric point (IEP) was studied by the dynamic light-scattering method. The optimal mass ratio for MNPs’ surface coating was 0.5 (sample PLL0.5-OL-MNPs). The average hydrodynamic particle size in the sample of PLL0.5-OL-MNPs was 124.4 ± 1.4 nm, and in the PLL-unmodified nanoparticles, it was 60.9 ± 0.2 nm, indicating that the OL-MNPs’ surface became covered by PLL. Next, the typical characteristics of the superparamagnetic behavior were observed in all samples. In addition, the decrease in saturation magnetizations from 66.9 Am2/kg for MNPs to 35.9 and 31.6 Am2/kg for sample OL-MNPs and PLL0.5-OL-MNPs also confirmed successful PLL adsorption. Moreover, we show that both OL-MNPs and PLL0.5-OL-MNPs exhibit excellent MRI relaxivity properties and a very high r2(*)/r1 ratio, which is very desirable in biomedical applications with required MRI contrast enhancement. The PLL coating itself appears to be the crucial factor in enhancing the relaxivity of MNPs in MRI relaxometry.
Evaluation of Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials for Gold Nanoparticles—Transferability towards Bulk
Authors: Fronzi Marco , Amos Roger D. , Kobayashi Rika
Published: June 2023

We analyse the efficacy of machine learning (ML) interatomic potentials (IP) in modelling gold (Au) nanoparticles. We have explored the transferability of these ML models to larger systems and established simulation times and size thresholds necessary for accurate interatomic potentials. To achieve this, we compared the energies and geometries of large Au nanoclusters using VASP and LAMMPS and gained better understanding of the number of VASP simulation timesteps required to generate ML-IPs that can reproduce the structural properties. We also investigated the minimum atomic size of the training set necessary to construct ML-IPs that accurately replicate the structural properties of large Au nanoclusters, using the LAMMPS-specific heat of the Au147 icosahedral as reference. Our findings suggest that minor adjustments to a potential developed for one system can render it suitable for other systems. These results provide further insight into the development of accurate interatomic potentials for modelling Au nanoparticles through machine learning techniques.
Association between Vitamin A and E Forms and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study
Authors: Loh Wei , Yin Xin , Kishida Rie , Chia Sin , Ong Choon , Seow Wei
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to assess associations between forms of vitamin A and E (both individually and collectively) and the risk of prostate cancer, as well as identify potential effect modifiers. Methods: Utilizing data from the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study, a hospital-based case-control study, we measured the serum concentrations of 15 different forms of vitamins A and E in 156 prostate cancer patients and 118 control subjects, using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique. These forms included retinol, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, ubiquinone, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, δ-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and α-tocotrienol. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for associations between vitamin A and E and prostate cancer risk were estimated using logistic regression models after adjustment for potential confounders. The analyses were further stratified by smoking and alcohol consumption status. The mixture effect of micronutrient groups was evaluated using weighted quantile sum regression. Results: Higher concentrations of retinol, lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, ubiquinone, α-tocopherol, δ-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and α-tocotrienol were significantly and positively associated with overall prostate cancer risk. Among ever-smokers, associations were stronger for lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene compared with never-smokers. Among regular alcohol drinkers, associations were stronger for lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, ubiquinone, γ-tocotrienol and α-tocotrienol compared with non-regular alcohol drinkers. Retinol and α-tocotrienol contributed most to the group indices ‘vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids’ and ‘vitamin E’, respectively. Conclusions: Several serum vitamin A and E forms were associated with prostate cancer risk, with significant effect modification by smoking and alcohol consumption status. Our findings shed light on prostate cancer etiology.
Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid and Glucose Systemic Metabolic Changes in the Mouse
Authors: Watkins Bruce A. , Newman John W. , Kuchel George A. , Fiehn Oliver , Kim Jeffrey
Published: June 2023

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) participates in regulating whole body energy balance. Overactivation of the ECS has been associated with the negative consequence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Since activators of the ECS rely on lipid-derived ligands, an investigation was conducted to determine whether dietary PUFA could influence the ECS to affect glucose clearance by measuring metabolites of macronutrient metabolism. C57/blk6 mice were fed a control or DHA-enriched semi-purified diet for a period of 112 d. Plasma, skeletal muscle, and liver were collected after 56 d and 112 d of feeding the diets for metabolomics analysis. Key findings characterized a shift in glucose metabolism and greater catabolism of fatty acids in mice fed the DHA diet. Glucose use and promotion of fatty acids as substrate were found based on levels of metabolic pathway intermediates and altered metabolic changes related to pathway flux with DHA feeding. Greater levels of DHA-derived glycerol lipids were found subsequently leading to the decrease of arachidonate-derived endocannabinoids (eCB). Levels of 1- and 2-arachidonylglcerol eCB in muscle and liver were lower in the DHA diet group compared to controls. These findings demonstrate that DHA feeding in mice alters macronutrient metabolism and may restore ECS tone by lowering arachidonic acid derived eCB.
Low Dose Monacolin K Combined with Coenzyme Q10, Grape Seed, and Olive Leaf Extracts Lowers LDL Cholesterol in Patients with Mild Dyslipidemia: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Angelopoulos Nicholas , Paparodis Rodis D. , Androulakis Ioannis , Boniakos Anastasios , Argyrakopoulou Georgia , Livadas Sarantis
Published: June 2023

Certain nutraceuticals, mainly containing red yeast rice, might be considered as an alternative therapy to statins in patients with dyslipidemia, although there is still insufficient evidence available with respect to long-term safety and effectiveness on cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid-lowering activity and safety of a dietary supplement containing a low dose of monacolin K combined with coenzyme Q10, grape seed and olive tree leaf extracts in patients with mild hypercholesterolemia. In total, 105 subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C levels 140–180 mg/dL) and low CV risk were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: lifestyle modification (LM), LM plus a low dosage of monacolin K (3 mg), and LM plus a high dosage of monacolin K (10 mg) and treated for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the reduction of LDL-C and total cholesterol (TC). LDL-C decreased by 26.46% on average (p < 0.001) during treatment with 10 mg of monacolin and by 16.77% on average during treatment with 3 mg of monacolin (p < 0.001). We observed a slight but significant reduction of the triglyceride levels only in the high-dose-treated group (mean −4.25%; 95% CI of mean −11.11 to 2.61). No severe adverse events occurred during the study. Our results confirm the LDL-C-lowering properties of monacolin are clinically meaningful even in lower doses of 3 mg/day.
Effects of Nutritional Interventions on Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Stelmach-Mardas Marta
Published: June 2023

The gut microbiota is considered a new probable factor strongly connected with pathogenesis of many civilization’s diseases [...]
Effects of Prolonged Fasting during Inpatient Multimodal Treatment on Pain and Functional Parameters in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Exploratory Observational Study
Authors: Koppold Daniela A. , Kandil Farid I. , Güttler Oliver , Müller Anna , Steckhan Nico , Meiß Sara , Breinlinger Carolin , Nelle Esther , Hartmann Anika M. , Jeitler Michael , Hanslian Etienne , Fischer Jan Moritz , Michalsen Andreas , Kessler Christian S.
Published: June 2023

Preliminary clinical data suggest that pain reduction through fasting may be effective for different diagnoses. This uncontrolled observational clinical study examined the effects of prolonged modified fasting on pain and functional parameters in hip and knee osteoarthritis. Patients admitted to the inpatient department of Internal Medicine and Nature-based Therapies of the Immanuel Hospital Berlin between February 2018 and December 2020 answered questionnaires at the beginning and end of inpatient treatment, as well as at 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Additionally, selected blood and anthropometric parameters, as well as subjective pain ratings, were routinely assessed during the inpatient stay. Fasting was the only common intervention for all patients, being performed as part of a multimodal integrative treatment program, with a daily caloric intake of <600 kcal for 7.7 ± 1.7 days. N = 125 consecutive patients were included. The results revealed an amelioration of overall symptomatology (WOMAC Index score: −14.8 ± 13.31; p < 0.001; d = 0.78) and pain alleviation (NRS Pain: −2.7 ± 1.98, p < 0.001, d = 1.48). Pain medication was reduced, stopped, or replaced by herbal remedies in 36% of patients. Improvements were also observed in secondary outcome parameters, including increased quality of life (WHO-5: +4.5 ± 4.94, p < 0.001, d = 0.94), reduced anxiety (HADS-A: −2.1 ± 2.91, p < 0001, d = 0.55) and depression (HADS-D: −2.3 ± 3.01, p < 0.001, d = 0.65), and decreases in body weight (−3.6 kg ± 1.65, p < 0.001, d = 0.21) and blood pressure (systolic: −6.2 ± 15.93, p < 0.001, d = 0.43; diastolic: −3.7 ± 10.55, p < 0.001, d = 0.43). The results suggest that patients with osteoarthritis of the lower extremities may benefit from prolonged fasting as part of a multimodal integrative treatment to improve quality of life, pain, and disease-specific functional parameters. Confirmatory randomized controlled trials are warranted to further investigate these hypotheses.
Geraniin Ameliorates Hypertensive Vascular Remodelling in a Diet-Induced Obese Animal Model through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Goh Boon Hee , Cheng Hong Sheng , Alexandra Pricilla Tracy A/P A. , Ting Kang-Nee , Palanisamy Uma Devi , Tan Joash Ban Lee
Published: June 2023

Geraniin, an ellagitannin, has shown a potent blood pressure-lowering effect in vivo. Therefore, this study aims to further characterize the ability of geraniin to attenuate hypertensive vascular dysfunction, a key feature of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Hypertension was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats through feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, followed by oral administration of 25 mg/kg/day geraniin for four weeks. The parameters of vascular dysfunction such as the structure and function of blood vessels as well as the vascular oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated. The outcomes of geraniin-treated rats were compared with those of untreated rats on either a normal diet (ND) or HFD and with HFD-fed rats treated with captopril (40 mg/kg/day). We found that geraniin supplementation effectively ameliorated HFD-induced hypertension and abnormal remodelling of the thoracic aorta by suppressing excessive vascular superoxide (O2−) radical generation and overexpression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the circulating leukocytes. Furthermore, compared to the ND-fed rats, geraniin also independently promoted the significant enlargement of the thoracic aortic lumen for blood pressure reduction. Notably, the vascular benefits of geraniin were comparable to that of captopril. Collectively, these data suggest that geraniin can mitigate hypertensive vascular remodelling caused by overnutrition, which potentially abrogates the further development of CVDs.
Protective Effect of Citrus Medica limonum Essential Oil against Escherichia coli K99-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury in Mice
Authors: Tang Weixuan , Zhang Zhuo , Nie Dechao , Li Yan , Liu Shutian , Li Yanling
Published: June 2023

Citrus Medica limonum essential oil (LEO) has been reported to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, but its protective effect in the intestine remains unknown. In this study, we researched the protective effects of LEO in relation to intestinal inflammation induced by E. coli K99. The mice were pretreated with 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg LEO and then stimulated with E. coli K99. The results showed that E. coli K99 caused immune organ responses, intestinal tissue injury, and inflammation. LEO pretreatment dose-dependently alleviated these changes by maintaining a low index in the thymus and spleen and producing a high content of immunoglobulin A, G, and M (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and low content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Intestinal integrity as a consequence of the LEO pretreatment may be related to the high mRNA expression of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) and the low mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Conclusively, an LEO pretreatment can alleviate E. coli K99-induced diarrhea, immune organ response, and body inflammation in mice by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and improving the levels of immunoglobulin, and the intestinal integrity remained highest when maintaining the high mRNA expression of ITF and keeping the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 low in the intestinal tissue.
Influence of Exogenous Factors Related to Nutritional and Hydration Strategies and Environmental Conditions on Fatigue in Endurance Sports: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pellicer-Caller Roberto , Vaquero-Cristóbal Raquel , González-Gálvez Noelia , Abenza-Cano Lucía , Horcajo Javier , de la Vega-Marcos Ricardo
Published: June 2023

The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to examine the influence of exogenous factors related to nutritional and hydration strategies and environmental conditions, as modulators of fatigue, including factors associated with performance fatigability and perceived fatigability, in endurance tests lasting 45 min to 3 h. A search was carried out using four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and EBSCO. A total of 5103 articles were screened, with 34 included in the meta-analysis. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022327203) and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. The study quality was evaluated according to the PEDro score and assessed using Rosenthal’s fail-safe N. Carbohydrate (CHO) intake increased the time to exhaustion (p < 0.001) and decreased the heart rate (HR) during the test (p = 0.018). Carbohydrate with protein intake (CHO + PROT) increased lactate during the test (p = 0.039). With respect to hydration, dehydrated individuals showed a higher rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (p = 0.016) and had a higher body mass loss (p = 0.018). In hot conditions, athletes showed significant increases in RPE (p < 0.001), HR (p < 0.001), and skin temperature (p = 0.002), and a decrease in the temperature gradient (p < 0.001) after the test. No differences were found when athletes were subjected to altitude or cold conditions. In conclusion, the results revealed that exogenous factors, such as nutritional and hydration strategies, as well as environmental conditions, affected fatigue in endurance sports, including factors associated with performance fatigability and perceived fatigability.
Nondestructive Methods of Pathogen Detection: Importance of Mosquito Integrity in Studies of Disease Transmission and Control
Authors: Meireles Anne Caroline Alves , Rios Flávia Geovana Fontineles , Feitoza Luiz Henrique Maciel , da Silva Lucas Rosendo , Julião Genimar Rebouças
Published: June 2023

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens, including viruses, protozoans, and helminths, spreading these pathogens to humans as well as to wild and domestic animals. As the identification of species and the biological characterization of mosquito vectors are cornerstones for understanding patterns of disease transmission, and the design of control strategies, we conducted a literature review on the current use of noninvasive and nondestructive techniques for pathogen detection in mosquitoes, highlighting the importance of their taxonomic status and systematics, and some gaps in the knowledge of their vectorial capacity. Here, we summarized the alternative techniques for pathogen detection in mosquitoes based on both laboratory and field studies. Parasite infection and dissemination by mosquitoes can also be obtained via analyses of saliva- and excreta-based techniques or of the whole mosquito body, using a near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) approach. Further research should be encouraged to seek strategies for detecting target pathogens while preserving mosquito morphology, especially in biodiversity hotspot regions, thus enabling the discovery of cryptic or new species, and the determination of more accurate taxonomic, parasitological, and epidemiological patterns.