bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D supplementation worsens Alzheimer's progression: Animal model and human cohort studies
Authors: Lai Rai‐Hua , Hsu Chih‐Cheng , Yu Ben‐Hui , Lo Yu‐Ru , Hsu Yueh‐Ying , Chen Mei‐Hsin , Juang Jyh‐Lyh
Published: July 2022

Vitamin D deficiency has been epidemiologically linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, but no interventional studies have proved causality. Our previous work revealed that the genomic vitamin D receptor (VDR) is already converted into a non‐genomic signaling pathway by forming a complex with p53 in the AD brain. Here, we extend our previous work to assess whether it is beneficial to supplement AD mice and humans with vitamin D. Intriguingly, we first observed that APP/PS1 mice fed a vitamin D‐sufficient diet showed significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D, suggesting its deficiency may be a consequence not a cause of AD. Moreover, supplementation of vitamin D led to increased Aβ deposition and exacerbated AD. Mechanistically, vitamin D supplementation did not rescue the genomic VDR/RXR complex but instead enhanced the non‐genomic VDR/p53 complex in AD brains. Consistently, our population‐based longitudinal study also showed that dementia‐free older adults (n = 14,648) taking vitamin D3 supplements for over 146 days/year were 1.8 times more likely to develop dementia than those not taking the supplements. Among those with pre‐existing dementia (n = 980), those taking vitamin D3 supplements for over 146 days/year had 2.17 times the risk of mortality than those not taking the supplements. Collectively, these animal model and human cohort studies caution against prolonged use of vitamin D by AD patients.
Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of cone‐beam CT‐guided radiofrequency ablation for pulmonary metastases in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Hong Hyun Pyo , Kim Hyung Ook , Koo Dong‐Hoe , Lee Yun‐Gyoo , Kim Myung Sub , Ham Soo Youn , Kang Du‐Young , Oh Tae Yun , Lee Hyebin , Jung Kyung Uk , Kim Hungdai
Published: July 2022

Aim

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of pulmonary metastases in various malignancies.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed to establish the safety and efficacy of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐guided RFA in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer between 2016 and 2019, and the prognostic factors of local tumor control were assessed.

Results

A total of 31 patients with colorectal cancer underwent 48 sessions of lung RFA. The mean diameter of metastases targeted for RFA was 11 mm (range: 4–32), and the RFA was technically successful in 43 sessions (90%). There were 14 complications (29%), the majority of which required no intervention, with no cases of mortality. The median follow‐up duration from RFA in the surviving 29 patients was 18.0 months. Only two patients (6%) died of disease progression, and the 3‐year overall survival rate was 91% (95% CI: 83–99). Local tumor progression (LTP) of the RFA site was observed in 27%, and the LTP‐free survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 81% (95% CI: 70–82) and 64% (95% CI: 50–77), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the progression of extra‐RFA sites and the presence of extrapulmonary metastasis were independent prognostic factors significantly associated with LTP at RFA site.

Conclusion

Lung RFA using CBCT guidance is a comparatively safe and effective option for the treatment of lung metastases from colorectal cancer. However, the control of extrapulmonary metastases should be accompanied by combined or sequential systemic treatment and local treatment.
Physiotherapy students' empathy towards Australians living in rural settings: A pre‐test post‐test evaluation of a stand‐alone rural simulation activity
Authors: Martin Romany , Mandrusiak Allison , Russell Trevor , Forbes Roma
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate how a rural simulation activity influenced physiotherapy students' rural empathy, and to explore students' perception of the activity.

Setting

A metropolitan university in Queensland, Australia.

Participants

Second year undergraduate physiotherapy students.

Design

A single cohort pre‐test post‐test evaluation was undertaken to evaluate a rural simulation activity. Participants received the rural simulation activity, featuring an immersive video and telehealth simulation with a standardised patient portrayed by an actor. Participants undertook a structured debrief and guided reflection following the simulation. Outcome measures included the Rural Comprehensive State Empathy Scale (R‐CSES) and the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale. Group interviews were undertaken regarding participant perceptions of the activity. Wilcoxon Rank‐Sum tests were used to analyse survey data, and group interview data were subject to thematic analyses.

Results

A total of 102 students undertook the activity, with an outcome measure response rate of 92.2% (94/102). Intra‐personal rural empathy increased following the activity as demonstrated by the overall R‐CSES score [pre‐test: 101.5 (90–110.75) vs post‐test 107 (100–120); p = <0.001; r = 0.39]. There was high satisfaction with the experience [mean SSES score = 18/21]. Two themes were generated from the group interview data: (1) effect on perceptions of rural practice and (2) feedback regarding the simulation.

Conclusion

A rural simulation activity using an immersive video, standardised patient, and a structured debrief increased physiotherapy students' empathy towards Australians living in rural settings. Students were satisfied with the activity and felt that it improved their understanding of the challenges of rural healthcare.
Long‐term surgical outcomes of nerve‐sparing discoid and segmental resection for deep endometriosis
Authors: Darici Ezgi , Denkmayr Denise , Pashkunova Daria , Dauser Bernhard , Birsan Tudor , Hudelist Gernot
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate long‐term outcomes in terms of pain, quality of life (QoL), and gastrointestinal symptoms in women following colorectal surgery for deep endometriosis.

Material and methods

In this historical cohort, women who underwent surgical treatment for deep endometriosis by either nerve‐sparing full‐thickness discoid resection (DR) or colorectal segmental resection (SR) between March 2011 and August 2016 were re‐evaluated through telephone interviews about their long‐term pain symptoms, subjective overall QoL as rated using a score from 0 (worst) to 10 (optimal), and gastrointestinal outcomes reflected by lower anterior resection syndrome (LARS) following a first postsurgical evaluation (visit 1) published previously and a long‐term follow‐up evaluation (visit 2).

Results

The median long‐term follow‐up time was 35.4 months at visit 1 and 86 months at visit 2. Of 134 patients, 77 were eligible for final analysis and 57 were lost to follow‐up. Compared with presurgical values, QoL scores were significantly increased at both postsurgical evaluation visits in both the SR cohort (scores of 3, 8.5, and 10 at the presurgical visit, visit 1, and visit 2, respectively; p < 0.001) and the DR cohort (scores of 3, 9, and 10, respectively; p < 0.001). Pain scores for dysmenorrhea (SR group scores of 8, 2, and 2, respectively; p < 0.001; DR group scores of 9, 2, and 1, respectively; p < 0.001), dyspareunia (SR group scores of 4, 0, and 0, respectively; p < 0.001; DR group scores of 5, 0, and 1, respectively; p = 0.003), and dyschezia (SR group scores of 8, 2, and 2, respectively; p < 0.001; DR group scores of 9, 2, and 1, respectively; p < 0.001) significantly decreased after surgery and remained stable in both cohorts over the follow‐up period. Minor and major LARS, reflecting gastrointestinal function, was observed in 6.5% and 8.1% of the SR group and in 13.3% and 6.7% of the DR group, respectively, at visit 1 and in 3.2% and 3.2% of the SR group and 0% and 0% of the DR group, respectively, at visit 2, without significant differences between the SR and DR groups.

Conclusions

Colorectal surgery for deep endometriosis, either by DR or SR, provides stable and long‐term pain relief with low rates of permanent gastrointestinal function impairment.
Older adults' physical activity after lockdown: Testing the health action process approach and the moderating role of fear of Covid‐19
Authors: Bösch Valérie D. , Inauen Jennifer
Published: July 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has influenced many lives, particularly older adults'. Although isolation protects from infection, health behaviors like physical activity (PA) are important to reinstate after lockdown. However, fear of Covid‐19 may act as a barrier, for example, by preventing people from going outside. Based on the health action process approach (HAPA), we investigated whether and why older adults' PA changed after lockdown, and whether fear of Covid‐19 moderates the intention–behavior relationship. Participants of this longitudinal study aged 65+ from German‐speaking Europe completed an online questionnaire about their PA, fear of Covid‐19, and HAPA factors in April and May 2020. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions. Results showed that moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) remained stable after lockdown and that self‐efficacy most robustly influenced the intention to be active. PA was not explained by any volitional factor but was strongly related to past PA. Interestingly, the relationship of past and future MVPA was attenuated by fear of Covid‐19, but this finding was not robust when outliers were removed. In conclusion, self‐efficacy is the most important motivator for PA in older adults after an interruption like a lockdown. Strong physical activity habits may facilitate PA after a period of isolation.
A unique skin phenotype resulting from a large heterozygous deletion spanning six keratin genes
Authors: Mohamad Janan , Sarig Ofer , Beattie Paula , Malovitski Kiril , Assaf Sari , O’Toole Edel , Schwartz Janice , Evans Holly , Samuelov Liat , Sprecher Eli
Published: July 2022

The phenotypic spectrum of genodermatoses is continuously expanding. Three siblings were referred because of a highly unusual phenotype comprising alopecia, dystrophic nails, palmoplantar keratoderma and trauma-induced skin blistering. Whole-exome sequencing analysis identified a heterozygous large genomic alteration of around 116 0000 bp resulting in the deletion of the KRT9, KRT14, KRT15, KRT16 and KRT19 genes, as well as part of KRT17. This genomic change leads to the generation of a truncated keratin 17 (KRT17) protein encoded by the first three exons of the gene and part of intron 3. The three patients were found to carry the heterozygous genomic deletion while their healthy parents did not, indicative of germline mosaicism. The genomic alteration was found to result in reduced KRT17 expression in patient skin. More importantly, the abnormal truncated KRT17 was found to exert a deleterious effect on keratinocyte cytoskeleton formation, leading to keratin aggregation. Coexpression of wildtype and truncated KRT17 proteins also caused keratin aggregation, demonstrating that the deletion exerts a dominant negative effect. In conclusion, we are reporting on a novel clinical phenotype that was found to result from germline mosaicism for a large genomic deletion spanning six keratin genes, thus expanding the spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with keratin disorders.

What is already known about this topic?  Various conditions known as keratinopathies have been shown over recent years to be associated with dominant or recessive variants in several individual keratin genes.

What does this study add?  We report three patients presenting with a unique clinical phenotype that was found to result from germline mosaicism for a large genomic deletion spanning six keratin genes.The genomic variant is predicted to result in a truncated form of keratin 17, which was found in an in vitro assay to disrupt keratinocyte cell cytoskeleton formation.
Neurocognitive and neurobehavioral characterization of two frequent forms of neurodevelopmental disorders: the DYRK1A and the Wiedemann–Steiner syndromes
Authors: Durand Benjamin , Schaefer Elise , Burger Pauline , Baer Sarah , Schroder Carmen , Mandel Jean‐Louis , Piton Amélie , Coutelle Romain
Published: July 2022

DYRK1A and Wiedemann–Steiner syndromes (WSS) are two genetic conditions associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Although their clinical phenotype has been described, their behavioral phenotype has not systematically been studied using standardized assessment tools. To characterize the latter, we conducted a retrospective study, collecting data on developmental history, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), adaptive functioning, behavioral assessments, and sensory processing of individuals with these syndromes (n = 14;21). In addition, we analyzed information collected from families (n = 20;20) using the GenIDA database, an international patient‐driven data collection aiming to better characterize natural history of genetic forms of NDDs. In the retrospective study, individuals with DYRK1A syndrome showed lower adaptive behavior scores compared to those with WSS, whose scores showed greater heterogeneity. An ASD diagnosis was established for 57% (8/14) of individuals with DYRK1A syndrome and 24% (5/21) of those with WSS. Language and communication were severely impaired in individuals with DYRK1A syndrome, which was also evident from GenIDA data, whereas in WSS patients, exploration of behavioral phenotypes revealed the importance of anxiety symptomatology and ADHD signs, also flagged in GenIDA. This study, describing the behavioral and sensorial profiles of individuals with WSS and DYRK1A syndrome, highlighted some specificities important to be considered for patients' management.
Impact of molecular and clinical variables on survival outcome with immunotherapy for glioblastoma patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Wentao , Liu Hongyu , Li Ze , Liu Jialin , Chen Ling
Published: July 2022

Background

Given that only a subset of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) responds to immuno‐oncology, this study aimed to assess the impact of multiple factors on GBM immunotherapy prognosis and investigate the potential predictors.

Methods

A quantitative meta‐analysis was conducted using the random‐effects model. Several potential factors were also reviewed qualitatively.

Results

A total of 39 clinical trials were included after screening 1317 papers. Patients with O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation [hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) = 2.30, p < 0.0001; HR for progression‐free survival (PFS) = 2.10, p < 0.0001], gross total resection (HR for OS = 0.70, p = 0.02; HR for PFS = 0.56, p = 0.004), and no baseline steroid use (HR for OS = 0.52, p = 0.0002; HR for PFS = 0.61, p = 0.02) had a relatively significant favorable OS and PFS following immunotherapy. Patients with a Karnofsky Performance Status score < 80 (HR = 1.73, p = 0.0007) and undergoing two prior relapses (HR = 2.08, p = 0.003) were associated with worse OS. Age, gender, tumor programmed death‐ligand 1 expression, and history of chemotherapy were not associated with survival outcomes. Notably, immunotherapy significantly improved the OS among patients undergoing two prior recurrences (HR = 0.40, p = 0.008) but not among patients in any other subgroups, as opposed to non‐immunotherapy.

Conclusion

Several factors were associated with prognostic outcomes of GBM patients receiving immunotherapy; multiple recurrences might be a candidate predictor. More marker‐driven prospective studies are warranted.
Extending the use of the Endoscopic Endonasal Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Questionnaire in a cross‐sectional study: Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis versus healthy controls
Authors: Joustra Gonneke E. , den Heijer Marc C. , Vermeulen Karin M. , Feijen Robert A. , Korsten‐Meijer Astrid G. W.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

There are several instruments to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Unfortunately, none of them evaluates all three health domains (physical, social and psychological) important to assess the overall well‐being of the patient. The Endoscopic Endonasal Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Questionnaire (EES‐Q) does assess all these elements. Initially, the EES‐Q is validated to evaluate the impact of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) on HRQoL. The aim of this study is to assess whether EES‐Q outcomes differ in patients with CRS compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, extending the use of the EES‐Q for all CRS patients.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary referral hospital.

Participants

One hundred patients with uncontrolled CRS (50% with nasal polyps) scheduled to receive EES. The questionnaire was completed preoperatively. Healthy control subjects (n = 100) without any history of sinusitis or a known current medical treatment at a hospital were included.

Main outcome measures

Mann–Whitney U test was performed to identify differences in EES‐Q scores (domain scores and EES‐Q score).

Results

The median EES‐Q score in CRS patients (33.8) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the control group (10.4). As well as the physical (52.5 vs. 16.4, p < 0.001), psychological (13.8 vs. 5.0, p < 0.001) and social (37.5 vs. 2.5, p < 0.001) domain scores.

Conclusions

With this study, we are extending the use of the EES‐Q. It indicates that the EES‐Q can be a valuable clinical tool to assess multidimensional HRQoL in all patients with CRS.
Impact of the ‘10,000 lives’ program on Quitline referrals, use and outcomes by demography and Indigenous status
Authors: Khan Arifuzzaman , Green Kalie , Medlin Linda , Khandaker Gulam , Lawler Sheleigh , Gartner Coral
Published: July 2022

Introduction

In November 2017, Central Queensland Public Health Unit launched the ‘10,000 Lives’ initiative to reduce smoking prevalence in Central Queensland. The program partnered with local champions and other programs (e.g. ‘Deadly Choices’) to promote the use of smoking cessation services (e.g. Quitline) in Central Queensland. This study assesses the program's impact on Quitline use by participant demographics and Indigenous status.

Methods

We compared the number of referred individuals who participated in and completed the Quitline program, and quit smoking during 26‐months before (July 2015 to August 2017) and after (November 2017 to December 2019) the ‘10,000 Lives’ launch. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis of monthly referrals to and use of Quitline for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Results

Overall, 3207 individuals were referred to Quitline during the 26‐months‐post‐launch compared to 1594 during 26‐months‐pre‐launch period of ‘10,000 Lives’. The number of referred individuals who completed Quitline program increased by 330.7% and quit smoking by 308.3% in post‐launch period. The increase was substantially higher among aged 45+ years, females and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The result for referrals and use of Quitline was validated by interrupted time series analysis for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Discussion and Conclusions

The ‘10,000 Lives’ collaborative approach to partner with local champions and targeted smoking cessation programs was effective in increasing the use of Quitline and smoking cessation among all demographic groups, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This approach can be used in other regions to address higher smoking prevalence.
Correlating nerve rootlet and spastic muscle activation intraoperatively during selective dorsal rhizotomy
Authors: Young Kristina
Published: July 2022

This commentary is on the original article by Sindou et al. on pages 78‐85 of this issue.
Stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy: Proceeding with caution
Authors: Clowry Gavin
Published: July 2022

This commentary is on the original article by Sun et al. on pages 1477–1486 of this issue.
Fixed prosthodontics clinical unit completions in an undergraduate curriculum: A 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Dudley James
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Providing undergraduate dental students with a range of clinical experiences in fixed prosthodontics procedures is an important component of dental education. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the types of laboratory‐fabricated fixed prosthodontics clinical units completed by undergraduate students over 10 consecutive years and determine any significant trends.

Materials and Methods

The fixed prosthodontics treatment registers from 2012 to 2021 were reviewed and the different types of completed fixed prosthodontics units and total number of fixed prosthodontics units were recorded for each year. Completed units were categorised according to the type of restoration and expressed in whole numbers and as a percentage of the total number of units completed in each year. The data were presented in table and graph form. Mann‐Kendall tests were performed to statistically analyse for trends in the different restoration types.

Results

Throughout all study years, porcelain bonded to metal (PBM) crowns (48.25%, range 35.70%–59.91%) were the most frequently completed fixed prosthodontics unit followed by full gold crowns (FGC) (20.84%, range 14.89%–27.30%) and all‐ceramic crowns (ACC) (12.70%, range 3.67%–24.41%). Collectively, PBM, FGC and ACC comprised 81.80% of all completed fixed prosthodontics units. There were observed trends of increased use of all types of all‐ceramic containing restorations, all types of all‐gold containing restorations, all types of partial coverage restorations and specifically ceramic onlays and gold onlays. There were observed trends of reduced use of cast gold post‐cores and all types of bridges.

Conclusion

PBM crowns were the mainstay laboratory‐fabricated fixed prosthodontic unit completed over 10 years of undergraduate student fixed prosthodontics clinical practice.
Measuring dysfunctional parenting: Psychometrics of three versions of the Parenting Scale
Authors: Prandstetter Katharina , Waller Franziska , Heinrichs Nina , Hutchings Judy , Ward Catherine L. , Dănilă Ingrid , Lachman Jamie M. , Foran Heather M.
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study assessed the psychometric properties of three versions of the Parenting Scale (PS; original PS, 13‐item version, and 10‐item version) in three European middle‐income countries.

Background

The PS is one of the most frequently used questionnaires for measuring dysfunctional discipline strategies. Although its validity has been extensively investigated in American samples, there are mixed results regarding the recommended number of items and subscales, raising the question of replicability across European middle‐income countries.

Method

Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) and item response theory (IRT) were applied to N = 835 parents from North Macedonia, Moldova, and Romania.

Results

All three versions were significantly correlated with parental‐ and child‐related variables. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the best model fit for the 10‐item version, and configural and partial metric invariance across countries could be established for this version. Item response theory analyses also supported this measure.

Conclusions

Our findings show that the 10‐item version performed better than the 13‐item version and the original PS both overall and on the country level. Reliability values were somewhat lower than reported in studies from the United States.

Implications

The 10‐item version constitutes a promising short measure for assessing dysfunctional parenting in European middle‐income countries for researchers and practitioners.
On micro‐defect induced cracking in very high cycle fatigue regime
Authors: Zhu Ming‐Liang , Zhu Gang , Xuan Fu‐Zhen
Published: July 2022

It is known that fine granular area morphology is often formed around interior micro‐defect in the case of very high cycle fatigue failure of high strength steel. The mechanism of “fragmentation of martensitic laths and formation of dislocation cells” (Zhu's model), which revealed a microstructure‐dependent crack initiation and early growth for micro‐defect induced internal fatigue cracking, was discussed in several lathy martensitic or similar steels, verified under environmental fatigue, and applicable to white etching crack in rotating contact fatigue. A machine learning‐Z parameter integrated approach was developed for fatigue life, which is promising for design against fatigue of engineering structures for long life.
Characterization of transit rates in the large intestine of mice following treatment with a CGRP antibody, CGRP receptor antibody, and small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists
Authors: Johnson Kirk W. , Li Xia , Huang Xiaofang , Heinz Beverly A. , Yu Jianliang , Li Baolin
Published: July 2022

Objective

To characterize the effects of blocking calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) activity in a mouse model of gastrointestinal transport.

Background

Migraine management using CGRP modulating therapies can cause constipation of varying frequency and severity. This variation might be due to the different mechanisms through which therapies block CGRP activity (e.g., blocking CGRP, or the CGRP receptor) with antibodies or receptor antagonists. The charcoal meal gastrointestinal transit assay was used to characterize constipation produced by these modes of therapy in transgenic mice expressing the human receptor activity–modifying protein 1 (hRAMP1) subunit of the CGRP receptor complex.

Methods

Male and female hRAMP1 mice were dosed with compound or vehicle and challenged with a charcoal meal suspension via oral gavage. The mice were then humanely euthanized and the proportion of the length of the large intestine that the charcoal meal had traveled indicated gastrointestinal transit.

Results

Antibody to the CGRP receptor produced % distance traveled (mean ± standard deviation) of 31.8 ± 8.2 (4 mg/kg; p = 0.001) and 33.2 ± 6.0 (30 mg/kg; p < 0.001) compared to 49.7 ± 8.3 (control) in female mice (n = 6–8), and 35.6 ± 13.5 (30 mg/kg, p = 0.019) compared to 50.2 ± 14.0 (control) in male mice (n = 10). Telcagepant (5 mg/kg, n = 8) resulted in % travel of 30.6 ± 14.7 versus 41.2 ± 8.3 (vehicle; p = 0.013) in male mice. Atogepant (3 mg/kg, n = 9) resulted in % travel of 30.6 ± 12.0, versus 41.2 ± 3.7 (control; p = 0.030) in female mice. The CGRP antibody galcanezumab (n = 7–10; p = 0.958 and p = 0.929) did not have a statistically significant effect.

Conclusions

These results are consistent with reported clinical data. Selectively blocking the CGRP receptor may have a greater impact on gastrointestinal transit than attenuating the activity of the ligand CGRP. This differential effect may be related to physiologically opposing mechanisms between the CGRP and AMY1 receptors, as the CGRP ligand antibody could inhibit the effects of CGRP at both the CGRP and AMY1 receptors.
Consumers under pandemic anxiety: Suppressors, intensifiers, and resilients
Authors: Mittal Banwari
Published: July 2022

COVID‐19 turned the lives of all people across the world upside down. Everyone faced the threat of catching the virus and denial of access to the physical marketplace. For many, it also brought the threat of partial or full unemployment. This trinity of upheaval produced heightened anxiety. The purpose of this article is to understand how consumers coped with anxiety during the pandemic and lockdown periods. We hypothesized that consumers coped with such anxiety by engaging in diverse creative and productive activities, which served as anxiety suppressors. In addition, we hypothesized that one's enduring mind positivity provided resilience and helped consumers mitigate their anxiety. In survey data from a random sample of 550 consumers in the United States, we found support for these hypotheses. Consumers who engaged in voluntary productive activities suffered less anxiety. And consumers with higher resilience levels also felt lower levels of anxiety. In addition, we found that enjoyment of shopping intensified the experience of COVID‐19‐induced anxiety. The research framework linking this specific set of antecedents to COVID‐induced anxiety and its affirmation in this study are new to the literature and therefore offer a notable contribution to it. These findings show two pathways to marketers: Organize and promote voluntary productive activities and offer means for consumers to cultivate personal resilience, on for‐profit and not‐for‐profit platforms. Also, we suggest a future consumer research agenda for when fate again brings us face‐to‐face with similar or even lesser catastrophes, which, according to scientific forecasters, it sadly but surely will.
Patient satisfaction with nursing care: A bibliometric and visualization analysis (1950–2021)
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M.
Published: July 2022

Aim

The current study aimed to provide an overview of research publications on patient satisfaction with nursing care.

Background

Research activity on patient satisfaction with nursing care is an indicator of the commitment of policymakers to improve the quality of health services.

Design

This was a descriptive cross‐sectional bibliometric study.

Methods

The Scopus database was used to retrieve relevant documents for the period from 1950 to 31 December 2021. The keywords ‘patient satisfaction’ and ‘nursing care’ were used in the search strategy. Two volunteers validated the search strategy.

Results

The search strategy found 387 documents authored by 1470 researchers and disseminated through 241 journals. Research on patient satisfaction with nursing care (a) has experienced a steep growth over the last decade; (b) was mainly published by scholars from a limited number of countries; (c) has limited cross‐country collaboration and limited author collaboration; (d) has addressed research topics concerning the quality of care, instrument validation, emergency department and hospital care and (e) has shown the highest readability for topics related to nurses' burnout and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

Researchers and educators, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries, need to focus on this field to support activities to upgrade health services and patient outcomes.
Mapping active and collaborative learning in higher education through annotations in hyper‐video by learning analytics
Authors: Sidi Yael , Blau Ina , Shamir‐Inbal Tamar
Published: July 2022

Background

Hyper‐video technology allows reflection on learning materials by writing personal notes and by interactions with lecturers and peers through shared posts and replies. While research shows that integrating hyper‐videos in educational systems can promote the learning processes and outcomes, an open question remains regarding its actual utilization patterns by students and teachers.

Objectives

The study aimed to reveal the extent to which students utilize different functions of hyper‐videos in real‐life learning contexts, and to examine the role of instructional design on hyper‐video utilization.

Method

In a mixed‐method design, the study characterized active and passive interactions in hyper‐videos in higher education courses, and amongst active interactions, compared shared versus private annotations. Additionally, the study compared voluntary and mandatory instructional design for promoting hyper‐video interactions. In particular, we used learning analytics to explore hyper‐video patterns in 25 undergraduate and graduate courses.

Results and Discussion

A log analysis revealed that students wrote most of the posts, while lecturers mainly provided replies to students' posts. Private annotations were more prevalent than shared writing, pointing to the unfulfilled potential of hyper‐video annotations to benefit from collaborative learning. A qualitative analysis on instructional design was consistent with quantitative findings, revealing important differences between the courses with mandatory versus voluntary hyper‐video integration in pedagogical design, and in cognitive presence and teaching presence, based on the community of inquiry framework.

Major takeaways

Findings point to an unfulfilled potential of hyper‐video technology to promote active and collaborative learning. This highlights the role of design and instructive guidance when integrating technology into educational systems.
Predictors of psychological risk and resilience among Syrian refugee children
Authors: Popham Cassandra M. , McEwen Fiona S. , Karam Elie , Fayyad John , Karam Georges , Saab Dahlia , Moghames Patricia , Pluess Michael
Published: July 2022

Objectives

War‐exposed refugee children are at elevated risk for mental health problems, but a notable proportion appear resilient. We aimed to investigate the proportion of Syrian refugee children who can be considered resilient, and applied a novel approach to identify factors predicting individual differences in mental health outcomes following war exposure.

Methods

The sample included 1,528 war‐exposed Syrian refugee children and their primary caregiver living in refugee settlements in Lebanon. Children were classed as having low symptoms (LS) if they scored below clinically validated cut‐offs for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and externalising behaviour problems. Children scoring above any cut‐off were classified as having high symptoms (HS). Each LS child was matched with one HS who reported similar war exposure, to test what differentiates children with similar exposures but different outcomes.

Results

19.3% of the children met our resilience criteria and were considered LS. At the individual level, protective traits (e.g. self‐esteem; OR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.25, 1.81]) predicted LS classification, while environmental sensitivity (OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.59, 0.82]), poorer general health (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.58, 0.87]) and specific coping strategies (e.g. avoidance; OR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.85, 0.96]) predicted HS classification. Social/environmental predictors included perceived social support (OR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.02, 1.49]), loneliness and social isolation (OR = 0.85, 95% CI [0.80, 0.90]), child maltreatment (OR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.94, 0.97]), and caregiver mental and general health (e.g. caregiver depression; OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.92, 0.97]).

Conclusions

Future research should take multiple dimensions of functioning into account when defining risk for mental health problems and consider the identified predictors as potential targets for interventions.
Experimental test of selection against hybridization as a driver of avian signal divergence
Authors: Kenyon Haley L. , Martin Paul R.
Published: July 2022

Signal divergence may be pivotal in the generation and maintenance of new biodiversity by allowing closely related species to avoid some costs of co‐occurrence. In birds, closely related, sympatric species are more divergent in their colour patterns than those that live apart, but the selective pressures driving this pattern remain unclear. Traditionally, signal divergence among sympatric species is thought to result from selection against hybridization, but broad evidence is lacking. Here, we conducted field experiments on naïve birds using spectrometer‐matched, painted 3D‐printed models to test whether selection against hybridization drives colour pattern divergence in the genus Poecile. To address selection for male colour pattern divergence without the influence of learning or the evolution of female discrimination in sympatry, we simulated secondary contact between Poecile species, and conducted mate choice experiments on naïve, allopatric females. We found that female black‐capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) are equally likely to perform copulation solicitation displays to sympatric and allopatric heterospecific congeners when they are paired with conspecifics, but exhibit a strong preference for less divergent males when presented with paired heterospecific congeners. These results suggest that increased colour pattern divergence among sympatric species can reduce the likelihood of mixed mating in some contexts, and therefore should be favoured by selection against hybridization.
The physiotherapy workforce in Nepal: A national survey
Authors: Nepal Govinda Mani , Acharya Ranjeeta S. , Coppieters Michel W. , Bimali Inosha , Poudel Sajana , Chaudhary Bikesh , Sharma Saurab
Published: July 2022

Background

Physiotherapy is a relatively young profession in Nepal. Education standards, and workforce organization and representation have improved in recent years, but there is no detailed workforce data to support decision‐making and long‐term planning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics, physiotherapy practice areas, settings and employment characteristics of physiotherapists in Nepal; and to document job satisfaction and the factors that influence it.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional survey, we asked Nepali physiotherapists about their sociodemographic characteristics, employment or physiotherapy practice area and settings, and job satisfaction. We assessed the associations between sociodemographic factors and job satisfaction among physiotherapists using univariable and multivariable logistic regressions. We invited all Nepali physiotherapists to participate via email, social media and visits to hospitals.

Results

Of the 1120 physiotherapists who were contacted, 52% (female: 287; male: 293) completed the survey. The majority of the participants (75%) were less than 30 years old. The majority (73%) held a Bachelor of Physiotherapy degree. Eighty percent were employed at the time of data collection; 58% had 1–4 years of experience. The majority (77%) practiced in or near the capital Kathmandu. Most physiotherapist worked either in private hospitals (46%) or in private physiotherapy practices (26%), rehabilitation centres (19%) and 11% practiced in public hospitals. The most common areas of practice were musculoskeletal physiotherapy (90%) and adult neurology (67%). More than half of the physiotherapist (53%) felt that they were underpaid and 41% were not satisfied with their current job status. The majority of the physiotherapists (67%) reported that they participated in continuing professional development activities. Multivariable logistic regression showed that physiotherapists who had a higher remuneration were more likely to be satisfied with their job.

Conclusions

The majority of the physiotherapy workforce in Nepal is well‐educated, young and at an early career stage. Most physiotherapists work in musculoskeletal and adult neurological physiotherapy, in private practices or private hospitals near Kathmandu. Job dissatisfaction was common and was related to low annual income. This first nationwide survey described the current physiotherapy workforce and provides comparison data for future physiotherapy workforce surveys.
The role and mechanisms of the two‐component system EnvZ/OmpR on the intracellular survival of Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Du Ziyan , Zhang Mengmeng , Qin Yingxue , Zhao Lingmin , Huang Lixing , Xu Xiaojin , Yan Qingpi
Published: July 2022

Aeromonas hydrophila infections are common in aquaculture. Our previous studies found that the A. hydrophila B11 strain can survive in fish macrophages for at least 24 h and the two‐component system EnvZ/OmpR may be involved in intracellular survival. To reveal the role and mechanism of the two‐component system EnvZ/OmpR in intracellular survival of A. hydrophila, the genes of envZ/ompR were silenced by shRNAi. The results showed that the survival rates of the envZ‐RNAi and ompR‐RNAi strains were only 2.05% and 3.75%, respectively, which were decreased by 91% and 83.6% compared with that of the wild‐type strain. The escape ability of envZ‐RNAi and ompR‐RNAi was also decreased by 51.4% and 19.7%, respectively. The comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the functional genes directly related to bacterial intracellular survival mainly included the genes related to anti‐stress capacity, and the genes related to Zn2+ and Mg2+ transport. Further research confirmed that two‐component system EnvZ/OmpR can regulate the expression of the important molecular chaperones, such as groEL, htpG, dnaK, clpB and grpE. The expression of these molecular chaperones in wild‐type strain was up‐regulated with the increase in H2O2 concentrations, while the expression of these molecular chaperones in silent strains did not change significantly. Cells that phagocytosed wild‐type strain had higher ROS content than cells that phagocytosed silent strains. Two‐component system EnvZ/OmpR could also regulate zinc transporter (znuA, znuB, znuC) and zinc efflux protein (zntA) to maintain zinc homeostasis in cells, thus affecting the ability of bacteria to survive in phagocytes. Moreover, two‐component system EnvZ/OmpR could affect the growth and intracellular survival of A. hydrophila by regulating the expression of MgtA, MgtC and MgtE and participating in bacterial Mg2+ homeostasis in fish macrophages.
Impact of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on blood pressure and related central haemodynamic parameters in healthy adults
Authors: Rooney Martina , Hughes Catherine F. , Strain J. J. , Clements Michelle , McNulty Helene , Ward Mary
Published: July 2022

Background

The C677T polymorphism in the gene‐encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Riboflavin, the MTHFR cofactor, is an important modulator of blood pressure (BP) in adults homozygous for this polymorphism (TT genotype). The effect of this genetic variant on BP and related central haemodynamic parameters in healthy adults has not been previously investigated and was examined in this study.

Methods

Brachial BP, central BP and pulse wave velocity (PWV, SphygmoCor XCEL) were measured in adults aged 18–65 years prescreened for MTHFR genotype. Riboflavin status was assessed using the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient assay.

Results

Two hundred and forty‐two adults with the MTHFR 677TT genotype and age‐matched non‐TT (CC/CT) genotype controls were identified from a total cohort of 2546 adults prescreened for MTHFR genotype. The TT genotype was found to be an independent determinant of hypertension (p = 0.010), along with low‐riboflavin status (p = 0.002). Brachial systolic and diastolic BP were higher in TT versus non‐TT adults by 5.5 ± 1.2 and 2.4 ± 0.9 mmHg, respectively (both p < 0.001). A stronger phenotype was observed in women, with an almost 10 mmHg difference in mean systolic BP in TT versus non‐TT genotype groups: 134.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 132.1–137.6) versus 125.2 (95% CI 122.3–128.0) mmHg; p < 0.001. In addition, PWV was faster in women with the TT genotype (p = 0.043).

Conclusion

This study provides the first evidence that brachial and central BP are significantly higher in adults with the variant MTHFR 677TT genotype and that the BP phenotype is more pronounced in women.
Measurement of mid‐arm circumference as a starting point for nutritional assessment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Saueressig Camila , Luft Vivian C. , Dall'Alba Valesca
Published: July 2022

Background

The mid‐arm circumference (MAC) is an accessible, quick, and inexpensive measurement, which can be performed at the bedside only with a measuring tape. In this sense, the present study aims to suggest MAC cut‐off values to assess the nutritional status and its association with mortality of hospitalised patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed with decompensated cirrhotic patients. Nutritional status was assessed by MAC and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Considering the SGA as the reference standard and based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the MAC cut‐off values with the best sensitivity and specificity were selected. Predictors of mortality were identified using multivariate analysis.

Results

The study included 100 patients with a mean ± SD age of 60.1 ± 10.3 years. The median follow‐up time was 11.2 months and overall mortality was 60%. Considering malnutrition assessed by SGA as the reference standard, the area under the curve of MAC for women and men was 0.947 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.878–1.000) and 0.813 (95% CI = 0.694–0.932). The MAC cut‐off values of ≤ 28 cm for women and ≤ 30 cm for men reached a sensitivity and specificity of 85.5% and 71%, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, a low MAC was significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.20–4.84).

Conclusions

The MAC cut‐off values had satisfactory accuracy for men and women in predicting malnutrition. Additionally, a low MAC was an independent predictor of mortality. Thus, these MAC cut‐off values can be used as the first step of nutritional assessment to prioritise patients who require more detailed assessment.
Humanization of care in acute psychiatric hospitalization units: A scoping review
Authors: Sanz‐Osorio María T. , Sastre‐Rus Meritxell , Monistrol Olga , Pérez Criado Monica , Vallès Vicenç , Escobar‐Bravo Miguel A.
Published: July 2022

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

Humanizing the world of health is a complex process that includes all the dimensions of the person. When a person has from a mental illness, the humanization of care becomes more important, as the disorder itself prevents the person to participate in their health process, even when showing self‐harm or aggressive behaviours.

These situations jointly with other factors related with professionals (insufficient ratio, inadequate treatment or lack of training) may cause the patient admitted to the acute psychiatric hospitalization unit to require the use of restrictive measures (involuntary admissions, mechanical restraints or forced administration of medication).

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

We identify the relevance of the perception the patient and family have regarding the care received, as well as the relevance of factors related to the professionals, among which the attitude, the staff ratio, the nursing time of direct dedication, and the therapeutic environment and safety of the patient and the professionals. All patients must be treated with dignity, respect, regardless of the aggressive manifestations caused by their pathology.

What are the implications for practice?

A greater understanding of the care offered to admitted people affected by a mental disorder, their families and professionals who care for them in acute mental health units, giving greater importance to “caring” and not exclusively to “curing.”

Introduction

Humanization in Mental Health refers to give the same relevance to the clinical needs and to the social, emotional and psychological needs.

Aim

To identify the published knowledge on current care models related to the humanization of care in acute psychiatric units.

Method

Scoping review based on the methodological model of Arksey and O'Malley, and PRISMA methodology. Database searches (Pubmed, Cinahl, Virtual Library, Cuiden, Academic Google and PsycInfo) with the terms: “Humanization,” “Hospitals Psychiatric,” “Emergency Psychiatric,” “Psychiatric Service” and “Psychiatric intensive care units.”

Results

Twenty‐two articles met the inclusion criteria. Four thematic units were identified: aspects related to (i) patient perceptions; (ii) Government policies and hospitality organizational culture; (iii) external factors such as the environment, family or associations; and (iv) safety and security.

Discussion

Only one of the articles mentions the concept analysed, although all of them contribute with key aspects of healthcare humanization, such as the empowerment of the patient, the care model, the staff ratio, the therapeutic relationship, the nursing time of direct dedication to the patient, the therapeutic environment, safety and patient and staff perception of feeling safe.

Implications for Practice

The present study can help to improve the care offered in acute mental health units.