bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Haemoglobin and Hematinic Status Before and After Bariatric Surgery over 4 years of Follow-Up
Authors: Shipton Michael J. , Johal Nicholas J. , Dutta Neel , Slater Christopher , Iqbal Zohaib , Ahmed Babur , Ammori Basil J. , Senapati Siba , Akhtar Khurshid , Summers Lucinda K. M. , New John P. , Soran Handrean , Adam Safwaan , Syed Akheel A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Bariatric surgery is associated with deficiencies of vitamins and minerals, and patients are routinely advised supplements postoperatively. We studied prevalence of vitamin B12, folate and iron deficiencies and anaemia before and after bariatric surgery over 4 years of follow-up.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 353 people with obesity, including 257 (72.8%) women, who underwent gastric bypass (252, 71.4%) or sleeve gastrectomy (101, 28.6%) at our National Health Service bariatric centre in Northwest England.

Results

At baseline, mean (standard error) age was 46.0 (0.6) years, body mass index 53.1 (0.4) kg/m2, serum vitamin B12 400.2 (16.4) pg/L, folate 7.7 (0.2) μg/L, iron 12.0 (0.3) μmol/L, ferritin 118.3 (8.4) μg/L and haemoglobin 137.9 (0.8) g/L. Frequency of low vitamin B12 levels reduced from 7.5% preoperatively to 2.3% at 48 months (P < 0.038). Mean folate levels increased from baseline to 48 months by 5.3 μg/L (P < 0.001) but frequency of low folate levels increased from 4.7% preoperatively to 10.3% (P < 0.048). Ferritin levels increased from baseline to 48 months by 51.3 μg/L (P < 0.009). Frequency of low ferritin levels was greater in women (39.1%) than in men (8.9%) at baseline (P < 0.001) and throughout the study period. Haemoglobin was low in 4.6% of all patients at baseline with no significant change over the study period.

Conclusion

There were notable rates of haematinic insufficiencies in bariatric surgical candidates preoperatively. Our study lends further support to regular supplementation with vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron in people undergoing bariatric surgery.
Mechanical Support in Early Cardiogenic Shock: What Is the Role of Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation?
Authors: Kimman Jesse R. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Endeman Henrik , Brugts Jasper J. , Constantinescu Alina A. , Manintveld Olivier C. , Dubois Eric A. , den Uil Corstiaan A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose of Review

We aim to summarize recent insights and provide an up-to-date overview on the role of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation in cardiogenic shock (CS).

Recent Findings

In the largest randomized controlled trial (RCT) of patients with CS after acute myocardial infarction (AMICS), IABP did not lower mortality. However, recent data suggest a role for IABP in patients who have persistent ischemia after revascularization. Moreover, in the growing population of CS not caused by acute coronary syndrome (ACS), multiple retrospective studies and one small RCT report on significant hemodynamic improvement following (early) initiation of IABP support, which allowed bridging of most patients to recovery or definitive therapies like heart transplant or a left ventricular assist device (LVAD).

Routine use of IABP in patients with AMICS is not recommended, but many patients with CS either from ischemic or non-ischemic cause may benefit from IABP at least for hemodynamic improvement in the short term. There is a need for a larger RCT regarding the role of IABP in selected patients with ACS, as well as in patients with non-ACS CS.
Treatment of sample under-representation and skewed heavy-tailed distributions in survey-based microsimulation: An analysis of redistribution effects in compulsory health care insurance in Switzerland
Authors: Schoch Tobias , Müller André
Published: September 2020

The credibility of microsimulation modeling with the research community and policymakers depends on high-quality baseline surveys. Quality problems with the baseline survey tend to impair the quality of microsimulation built on top of the survey data. We address two potential issues that both relate to skewed and heavy-tailed distributions.

First, we find that ultra-high-income households are under-represented in the baseline household survey. Moreover, the sample estimate of average income underestimates the known population average. Although the Deville–Särndal calibration method corrects the under-representation, it cannot achieve alignment of estimated average income in the right tail of the distribution with known population values without distorting the empirical income distribution. To overcome the problem, we introduce a Pareto tail model. With the help of the tail model, we can adjust the sample income distribution in the tail to meet the alignment targets. Our method can be a useful tool for microsimulation modelers working with survey income data.

The second contribution refers to the treatment of an outlier-prone variable that has been added to the survey by record linkage (our empirical example is health care cost). The nature of the baseline survey is not affected by record linkage, that is, the baseline survey still covers only a small part of the population. Hence, the sampling weights are relatively large. An outlying observation together with a high sampling weight can heavily influence or even ruin an estimate of a population characteristic. Thus, we argue that it is beneficial—in terms of mean square error—to use robust estimation and alignment methods, because robust methods are less affected by the presence of outliers.
Sexualerziehung in Jugendwohngruppen
Authors: Mantey Dominik
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag verbindet zwei Herausforderungen der stationären Erziehungshilfe: Beteiligung und Sexualerziehung. Er zeigt, warum auch Sexualerziehung konsequent beteiligungsorientiert gestaltet werden sollte. Außerdem werden Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten für einzelne Bereiche der Sexualerziehung skizziert, etwa für die sexualitätsbezogene Begleitung einzelner Jugendliche sowie für die Gestaltung von sexualpädagogischen Gruppenangeboten. Zugleich werden Grenzen der Beteiligung aufgezeigt, z. B. dort, wo der Schutz der Jugendlichen im Vordergrund stehen muss. Des Weiteren werden besondere Herausforderungen benannt, die sich aus dem Thema „Sexualität“ für die Gestaltung von Beteiligungsprozessen ergeben.
Aerobic oxidative desulfurization via magnetic mesoporous silica-supported tungsten oxide catalysts
Authors: Jiang Wei , Gao Xiang , Dong Lei , Xiao Jin , Zhu Lin-Hua , Chen Guang-Ying , Xun Su-Hang , Peng Chong , Zhu Wen-Shuai , Li Hua-Ming
Published: September 2020

It is usually difficult to remove dibenzothiophenes from diesel fuels by oxidation with molecular oxygen as an oxidant. In the study, tungsten oxide was supported on magnetic mesoporous silica by calcination to form a magnetically separable catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel. By tuning different calcining temperatures, the catalyst calcined at 500 °C showed a high catalytic activity with molecular oxygen as the oxidant. Under optimal reaction conditions, the sulfur removal of DBT reached 99.9% at 120 °C after 8 h. Furthermore, the removals of 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene could also get up to 98.2% and 92.3% under the same conditions. The reaction mechanism was explored by selective quenching experiments and FT-IR spectra.
Persistence in the market risk premium: evidence across countries
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Gil-Alana Luis A. , Martin-Valmayor Miguel
Published: September 2020

This paper provides evidence on the degree of persistence of one of the key components of the CAPM, namely the market risk premium, as well as its volatility. The analysis applies fractional integration methods to data for the US, Germany and Japan, and for robustness purposes considers different time horizons (2, 5 and 10 years) and frequencies (monthly and weekly). The empirical findings in most cases imply that the market risk premium is a highly persistent variable which can be characterized as a random walk process, whilst its volatility is less persistent and exhibits stationary long-memory behaviour. There is also evidence that in the case of the US the degree of persistence has changed as a results of various events; this is confirmed by both endogenous break tests and the associated subsample estimates. Market participants should take this evidence into account when designing their investment strategies.
Total Urinary Arsenic and Inorganic Arsenic Concentrations and Birth Outcomes in Pregnant Women of Tacna, Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fano-Sizgorich Diego , Vásquez-Velásquez Cinthya , Yucra Sandra , Vásquez Vanessa , Tokeshi Patricio , Aguilar Julio , Ramírez-Atencio Claudio , Barr Dana Boyd , Gonzales Gustavo F.
Published: September 2020

Inorganic arsenic exposure has been linked to the development of several health conditions, including adverse birth outcomes, and around 150 million of people worldwide are exposed to levels above the WHO suggested limit of 10 μg/L. A recent risk assessment in pregnant women of Tacna, of this same population performed by our group, found that 70.25% were exposed to arsenic concentrations in drinking water ≥ 25 μg/L. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between prenatal total urinary arsenic (U-tAs) and inorganic arsenic (U-iAs) with adverse birth outcomes. A total of 147 pregnant women from the province of Tacna, Peru, during February–March, 2019, were evaluated for U-tAs and U-iAs exposure during their second trimester of pregnancy, while the birth records of their children were collected from the local hospital. The geometric mean U-tAs was 43.97 ± 25.88 μg/L (P50 22.30, range 5.99–181.94 μg/L) and U-iAs was 5.27 ± 2.91 μg/L. Controlling for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, mother’s education, and newborn sex, no relationship was observed between tertile of U-tAs and the birth outcomes considered, although we found an apparent but statistically non-significant dose–response relationship for small for gestational age 2.38% (95% CI 0.003, 0.16), versus 7.32% (95% CI 0.02, 0.21%), and versus 8.57% (95% CI 0.03, 0.25%). This finding requires further evaluation considering other factors such as metabolic arsenic species, additional maternal covariates, and ethnicity.
Nutrition transition in Vietnam: changing food supply, food prices, household expenditure, diet and nutrition outcomes
Authors: Harris Jody , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Tran Lan Mai , Huynh Phuong Nam
Published: September 2020

While literature has noted the presence of a nutrition transition in terms of changing nutrition outcomes in Vietnam, very limited evidence linking changes in upstream food system factors to downstream diet and nutrition changes exists. Combining available data from different sources and analyzing it through a conceptual food systems framework, our study examines different pathways of nutrition transition through food supply, food prices, household food expenditures, diets, and nutrition outcomes in Vietnam. Our findings show that while Vietnam is at the start of its nutrition transition, change is happening rapidly. Undernutrition is falling, obesity is rising, and nutrition-related chronic diseases account for a significant burden of diseases and death. In terms of changes in healthful foods, the supply of vegetables and fruits is plentiful, and expenditure on vegetables remains consistent and small. Notably however, vegetable consumption has dropped, and increasing meat and milk consumption have been double-edged swords for nutrition. In terms of foods associated with the negative sides of the nutrition transition, the availability of sweets and sweetened beverages has risen in recent years, with oils and fats rising less. The expenditure share on food eaten away from home, in many contexts a marker for less healthful diets, has increased over time. While these changes are typical of a nutrition transition, Vietnam is also somewhat of an outlier in some respects: wet markets and daily fresh food purchases continue to dominate food purchasing behaviour, and food eaten away from home means a different thing in a country renowned for its diverse and healthy street food and roadside restaurant culture. While this study brings together important data on the food system drivers of a nutrition transition in Vietnam, it cannot link each of these issues into a standard statistical model of change due to data gaps at different levels, calling for data collection improvement in future diet and food systems research. Vietnamese health policy explicitly acknowledges nutrition transition issues, with targets for obesity reduction. This work on the food system drivers of the nutrition transition points to the need to further adapt policy in other sectors beyond health, however. At the same time as making nutrient-rich foods more accessible, nutrient-poor or ultra-processed foods need to be made less accessible and desirable if additional income is to contribute to a healthy diet in limiting Vietnam’s emerging nutrition transition.
Spreading Speeds and Traveling Waves for Monotone Systems of Impulsive Reaction–Diffusion Equations: Application to Tree–Grass Interactions in Fire-prone Savannas
Authors: Banasiak J. , Dumont Y. , Yatat Djeumen I. V.
Published: September 2020

Many systems in life sciences have been modeled by reaction–diffusion equations. However, under some circumstances, these biological systems may experience instantaneous and periodic perturbations (e.g. harvest, birth, release, fire events, etc) such that an appropriate formalism like impulsive reaction–diffusion equations is necessary to analyze them. While several works tackled the issue of traveling waves for monotone reaction–diffusion equations and the computation of spreading speeds, very little has been done in the case of monotone impulsive reaction–diffusion equations. Based on vector-valued recursion equations theory, we aim to present in this paper results that address two main issues of monotone impulsive reaction–diffusion equations. Our first result deals with the existence of traveling waves for monotone systems of impulsive reaction–diffusion equations. Our second result tackles the computation of spreading speeds for monotone systems of impulsive reaction–diffusion equations. We apply our methodology to a planar system of impulsive reaction–diffusion equations that models tree–grass interactions in fire-prone savannas. Numerical simulations, including numerical approximations of spreading speeds, are finally provided in order to illustrate our theoretical results and support the discussion.
Rise and fall of a Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) stepping-stone population in central Germany
Authors: Port Markus , Henkelmann Antje , Schröder Friederike , Waltert Matthias , Middelhoff Lilli , Anders Ole , Jokisch Susanne
Published: September 2020

After having been extinct for approximately 200 years, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is currently being reintroduced in several European countries. However, it still occurs in several local, isolated populations. Given the patchy distribution of its forest habitat within a human-dominated landscape, the formation of population stepping-stones, i.e., small lynx occurrences between source populations, has been suggested an important mechanism for the expansion of lynx in central Europe. We studied the population history of such a stepping-stone population, which emerged approximately 60 km southwest of a larger reintroduced population in central Germany. We also examined migrations of lynx between the source population and the stepping-stone. At the beginning of our study in autumn 2014, our study population consisted of a minimum number of six resident individuals of both sexes that successfully reproduced in the area. However, over the course of only a single year, this subpopulation declined to only a single resident male as a consequence of death and emigration. In the 4 years after this decline, the subpopulation did not recover due to the absence of female dispersal into the area. Our study illustrates the vulnerability of small, isolated populations to stochastic demographic events and suggests that constraints on female dispersal are a major reason for the slow expansion of lynx in central Europe. To promote the expansion of lynx, active population management will be required, involving the translocation of females to reinforce existing stepping-stone populations or to create new ones.
Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Secondary AlZnMg(Cu) Die-Cast Alloys
Authors: Silmbroth Mathias , Bozorgi Salar
Published: September 2020

In this work, the development of AlZnMg(Cu) alloys was performed by thermodynamic simulations and experimental tests. With calculations, the solidification processes and phase compositions could be predicted. As secondary casting alloys, the selected compositions of AlZn4Mg3Cu(Fe) and AlZn5Mg4Cu have higher contents of alloying elements, such as iron and silicon, and were successfully processed with a cold-chamber die casting machine. In addition, an energy- and time-saving optimization of the material properties was performed by a modified heat treatment (T6*) with a total time of only 12 h. The alloys were evaluated based on the characterization of their mechanical properties and the analysis of their microstructures. In particular, the elimination of cost-intensive alloying elements and the application of a modified heat treatment method clearly show the potential of AlZnMg(Cu) die-cast alloys for future industrial use.
Establish the expected number of induced motifs on unlabeled graphs through analytical models
Authors: Martorana Emanuele , Micale Giovanni , Ferro Alfredo , Pulvirenti Alfredo
Published: September 2020

Complex networks are usually characterized by the presence of small and recurrent patterns of interactions between nodes, called network motifs. These small modules can help to elucidate the structure and the functioning of complex systems. Assessing the statistical significance of a pattern as a motif in a network G is a time consuming task which entails the computation of the expected number of occurrences of the pattern in an ensemble of random graphs preserving some features of G, such as the degree distribution. Recently, few models have been devised to analytically compute expectations of the number of non-induced occurrences of a motif. Less attention has been payed to the harder analysis of induced motifs. Here, we illustrate an analytical model to derive the mean number of occurrences of an induced motif in an unlabeled network with respect to a random graph model. A comprehensive experimental analysis shows the effectiveness of our approach for the computation of the expected number of induced motifs up to 10 nodes. Finally, the proposed method is helpful when running subgraph counting algorithms to get the number of occurrences of a topology become unfeasible.
Latest Advances in High-Voltage and High-Energy-Density Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Yuan Xinhai , Ma Fuxiang , Zuo Linqing , Wang Jing , Yu Nengfei , Chen Yuhui , Zhu Yusong , Huang Qinghong , Holze Rudolf , Wu Yuping , van Ree Teunis
Published: September 2020

Aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) have become a lively research theme due to their advantages of low cost, safety, environmental friendliness, and easy manufacturing. However, since its inception, the aqueous solution energy storage system has always faced some problems, which hinders its development, such as the narrow electrochemical stability window of water, poor percolation of electrode materials, and low energy density. In recent years, to overcome the shortcomings of the aqueous solution-based energy storage system, some very pioneering work has been done, which also provides a great inspiration for further research and development of future high-performance aqueous energy storage systems. In this paper, the latest advances in various ARBs with high voltage and high energy density are reviewed. These include aqueous rechargeable lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum batteries. Further challenges are pointed out.

Graphic Abstract

Aqueous can be better in terms of safety, friendliness, and energy density.
Avoiding the Banality of Evil in Times of COVID-19: Thinking Differently with a Biopsychosocial Perspective for Future Health and Social Policies Development
Authors: Leonardi Matilde , Lee Haejung , van der Veen Sabina , Maribo Thomas , Cuenot Marie , Simon Liane , Paltamaa Jaana , Maart Soraya , Tucker Carole , Besstrashnova Yanina , Shosmin Alexander , Cid Daniel , Almborg Ann-Helene , Anttila Heidi , Yamada Shin , Frattura Lucilla , Zavaroni Carlo , Zhuoying Qiu , Martinuzzi Andrea , Martinuzzi Michela , Magnani Francesca Giulia , Snyman Stefanus , El Oumri Ahmed Amine , Sylvain Ndegeya , Layton Natasha , Sykes Catherine , Saleeby Patricia Welch , Winkler Andrea Sylvia , de Camargo Olaf Kraus
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic provides the opportunity to re-think health policies and health systems approaches by the adoption of a biopsychosocial perspective, thus acting on environmental factors so as to increase facilitators and diminish barriers. Specifically, vulnerable people should not face discrimination because of their vulnerability in the allocation of care or life-sustaining treatments. Adoption of biopsychosocial model helps to identify key elements where to act to diminish effects of the pandemics. The pandemic showed us that barriers in health care organization affect mostly those that are vulnerable and can suffer discrimination not because of severity of diseases but just because of their vulnerability, be this age or disability and this can be avoided by biopsychosocial planning in health and social policies. It is possible to avoid the banality of evil, intended as lack of thinking on what we do when we do, by using the emergence of the emergency of COVID-19 as a Trojan horse to achieve some of the sustainable development goals such as universal health coverage and equity in access, thus acting on environmental factors is the key for global health improvement.
Moore's Ethics
Authors: Shaw William H.
Published: September 2020

This Element critically surveys the full range of G. E. Moore's ethical thought, including: (1) his rejection of naturalism in favor of the view that 'good' designates a simple, indefinable property, which cannot be identified with or reduced to any other property; (2) his understanding of intrinsic value, his doctrine of organic wholes, his repudiation of hedonism, and his substantive account of the most important goods and evils; and (3) his critique of egoism and subjectivism and his elaboration of a non-hedonistic variant of utilitarianism that, among other things, creatively blends aspects of act- and rule-oriented versions of that theory.
When behavioural science can make a difference in times of COVID-19
Authors: KRPAN DARIO , MAKKI FADI , SALEH NABIL , BRINK SUZANNE IRIS , KLAUZNICER HELENA VLAHINJA
Published: September 2020

In a large study that involved 2637 participants recruited from a representative UK and US sample, we tested the influence of four behavioural interventions (versus control) on a range of behaviours important for reducing the spread of COVID-19 a day after the interventions were administered. Even if people largely complied with social distancing measures, our analyses showed that for certain subgroups of the population the interventions made a positive difference. More specifically, for those who started practising social distancing relatively recently, an information-based intervention increased general compliance with social distancing and reduced both the number of times people went out and the number of hours they spent outside. However, for people who started practising social distancing relatively early, the interventions tended to backfire and, in some cases, reduced compliance with social distancing. Overall, this research has various policy implications and shows that, although behavioural interventions can positively impact compliance with social distancing, their effect may depend on personal circumstances.
Commerce in Data and the Dynamically Limited Alienability Rule
Authors: Janeček Václav , Malgieri Gianclaudio
Published: September 2020

Commerce in some data is, and should be, limited by the law because some data embody values and interests—in particular, human dignity—that may be detrimentally affected by trade. In this Article, drawing on the Roman law principles regarding res extra commercium, we investigate the example of personal data as regulated under the EU Charter and the GDPR. We observe that transactions in personal data are not forbidden but subject to what we call a dynamically limited alienability rule. This rule is based on two dynamic variables: The nature of data and the legal basis for commercially trading such data at a primary or secondary level. Accordingly, in order to deal with such dynamism and the uncertainty it poses, we propose a general two-stage reasonableness test that should help legal practitioners, judges, and lawmakers to consider when trade in data is illicit and who, if anyone, shall be held responsible for this mischief. Finally, we show how the two-stage test and the limited alienability rule can advance European contract law and help enforce legal principles associated with such data extra commercium in automated and autonomous data trading systems.
How Far Is It from Warsaw to Luxembourg and Karlsruhe: The Impact of the PSPP Judgment on Poland
Authors: Biernat Stanisław
Published: September 2020

A concern was voiced in commentaries after the PSPP judgment that the BVerfG’s position regarding the refusal to apply in Germany the CJEU judgment as issued on an ultra vires basis might be used in EU Member States infringing the rule of law, and the independence of the judiciary in particular. This issue is presented in relation to Poland. The article sets out the constitutional provisions which proclaim openness to European integration, as well as the union-friendly case-law of the Constitutional Tribunal (CT) until 2016. The CT jurisprudence at that time provided, however, for the possibility of refusing to apply EU law in exceptional situations, even though this never happened. Next, the article discusses endeavors of the new Polish authorities since the end of 2015 which drastically breach the rule of law in the field of the judiciary, as well as the measures taken by EU institutions to counteract these adverse phenomena. The Polish authorities argue that the competence to define the legal position of the judiciary has not been conferred on the Union and remains within the exclusive competence of the Member States. Such a stance was also taken by the politically dependent CT in April 2020. The PSPP judgment was therefore welcomed with joy by Polish politicians. There are major differences, however, between the rulings of the BVerfG and those of the Polish CT in its current composition, and the hopes pinned on the PSPP judgment by the Polish authorities are unfounded.
Paradoxes of Ultra-Vires Review: A Critical Review of the PSPP Decision and Its Initial Reception
Authors: Wendel Mattias
Published: September 2020

This contribution explores paradoxes of ultra vires review with specific regard to the PSPP decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court in the light of the decision’s initial reception. While some of these paradoxes are inherent in the very nature of ultra vires review, others are specific to the PSPP judgment. They relate to the underlying doctrinal and theoretical premises, to key concepts such as proportionality or the scope of judicial review, to the overall context in which the decision is embedded, and even to the community which is addressed and affected by the decision. It is the sad irony that the Federal Constitutional Court, while accusing others of manifestly exceeding their competences, does not sufficiently adhere to its own standards and increasingly risks overstretching the boundaries of its mandate under the Basic Law.
A GLOBAL HISTORY OF THE ‘MULTIPLE RENAISSANCES’
Authors: BLITSTEIN PABLO ARIEL
Published: September 2020

Many scholars claim that the world has had many ‘renaissances’ in its long history: they advocate what we could call the ‘multiple renaissances’ thesis. In this article, I will focus on the history of this idea. Where and when did the ‘multiple renaissances’ thesis emerge? What intellectual exchanges and historical conditions made it possible? To answer these questions, I will first draw up a short genealogy of the idea that the European/Italian Renaissance is a ‘culture’ or a ‘social type’; then, I will show that such typological use of the renaissance made it possible to apply this concept to different historical and social configurations, not only within, but also outside Europe; finally, through an analysis of the relation between Arnold Toynbee and Hu Shi, I will show that the uses of the renaissance category in the non-European world, especially in East Asia, contributed to shaping the ‘multiple renaissances’ thesis and, through it, to redefining the perception of the renaissance in Europe proper.
La COVID-19 et les priorités de recherche sur le vieillissement
Authors: Rylett R. Jane , Alary Flamine , Goldberg Joanne , Rogers Susan , Versteegh Patricia
Published: September 2020

Cet article présente les domaines prioritaires de recherche sur les impacts de la pandémie de COVID-19 chez les personnes âgées telles qu’ils ont été identifiés par l’Institut du vieillissement des IRSC (IV-IRSC). Le processus utilisé par l’IV-IRSC a comporté plusieurs phases itératives qui ont permis d’identifier trois secteurs prioritaires parmi les besoins de la recherche relative à la COVID-19, et quatre axes thématiques transversaux. Les secteurs de recherche prioritaires sont : 1) la réponse des personnes âgées à la maladie, à la vaccination et aux traitements, 2) la santé mentale et l’isolement, et 3) les milieux de soins soutenants. Les quatre thèmes transversaux sont : a) l’Équité, la diversité et l’inclusion (EDI), b) les considérations éthiques et morales, c) les pratiques fondées sur les données probantes, et d) les technologies numériques de la santé. Les priorités décrites dans cet article guideront les réponses de l’IV-IRSC aux besoins de la recherche sur la COVID-19.
A NEW INTERPRETIVIST METASEMANTICS FOR FUNDAMENTAL LEGAL DISAGREEMENTS
Authors: Schroeter François , Schroeter Laura , Toh Kevin
Published: September 2020

What does it take for lawyers and others to think or talk about the same legal topic—e.g., defamation, culpability? We argue that people are able to think or talk about the same topic not when they possess a matching substantive understanding of the topic, as traditional metasemantics says, but instead when their thoughts or utterances are related to each other in certain ways. And what determines the content of thoughts and utterances is what would best serve the core purposes of the representational practice within which the thought or utterance is located. In thus favoring a “relational model” in metasemantics, we share Ronald Dworkin's goal of explaining fundamental legal disagreements, and also his reliance on constructive interpretation. But what we delineate is a far more general and explanatorily resourceful metasemantics than what Dworkin articulated, which also bypasses some controversial implications for the nature of law that Dworkin alleged.
Determinants of agricultural emissions: panel data evidence from a global sample
Authors: Nguyen Canh Phuc , Le Thai-Ha , Schinckus Christophe , Su Thanh Dinh
Published: September 2020

Using the panel data of 89 economies from 1995–2012, this study examines the major drivers of agricultural emissions while considering affluence, energy intensity, agriculture value added and economic integration. We find long-run cointegration among the variables. Furthermore, our empirical results based on a dynamic fixed effects autoregressive distributed lag model show that the increases in income and economic integration – proxied by trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) – are the major contributors to higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture in the short run. Additionally, the increases in income, agriculture value added and energy consumption are the major drivers of agricultural emissions in the long run. Notably, trade openness and FDI inflows have significantly negative effects on GHG emissions from agriculture in the long run. These results apply to methane and nitrous oxide emissions. The empirical findings vary across three subsamples of countries at different development stages.
Predation, Seigneurial Tenure, and Development in French Colonial America
Authors: Geloso Vincent
Published: September 2020

There is substantial debate over the colonial origins of divergence within the Americas. In this debate, the French Empire has been largely ignored even though, until 1760, it included Canada. This article uses recent empirical advances in our knowledge of the colonial Canadian economy to introduce the role of French institutions—most notably the institution of seigneurial tenure—into the debate on the colonial origins of divergence. It argues that the institution of seigneurial tenure in Canada when it was under French rule (up to 1760) had predatory features that help to explain why Canada was the poorest of the North American colonies.
Influence of sulfentrazone and metribuzin applied preemergence on soybean development and yield
Authors: Arsenijevic Nikola , de Avellar Matheus , Butts Liberty , Arneson Nicholas John , Werle Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

The use of photosystem II (PSII)-inhibitor and/or protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitor PRE herbicides in soybean may, under adverse environmental conditions, result in early season crop injury. A field study was conducted near Brule and North Platte, Nebraska, during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons with the objective to evaluate the impact of PRE herbicides metribuzin (PSII-inhibitor) and sulfentrazone (PPO-inhibitor) on early season soybean development, final plant stand, and yield using 22 soybean varieties adapted to southwestern Nebraska. Herbicide treatments consisted of metribuzin (560 g ai ha−1) and sulfentrazone (280 g ai ha−1) applied within 3 d after planting and a nontreated control (NTC). Sulfentrazone reduced green canopy vegetation at the V2 growth stage by 22% and final plant stand at physiological maturity by 10% compared with the NTC. The number of pods per plant was 16% higher for sulfentrazone and the number of seeds per plant was 15% and 4% higher for sulfentrazone and metribuzin compared with the NTC, respectively. Sulfentrazone and metribuzin resulted in a slightly higher yield (3%) compared with the NTC, thus no yield reduction from PRE herbicides was observed in this study. These results support other findings that sulfentrazone and metribuzin have potential to cause early-season crop injury; however, when applied according to their label recommendations and following regional agronomic management practices, this impact may not translate into soybean yield reduction while such herbicides provide effective soil residual weed control.
Traumatische Schulterluxation – ein praktischer Leitfaden
Authors: Bigdon Sebastian F. , Weihs Johannes , Schaer Michael O.
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Traumatische Schulterluxationen treten oft bei jungen Sportlern und bei älteren Menschen im Rahmen von Stürzen oder Unfällen auf. Mit diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über die Epidemiologie, typische Mechanismen, die zu einer Luxation führen und geben einen praktischen Leitfaden zum Management der Akutsituation. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt neben der klinischen Untersuchung und dem typischen Erscheinungsbild auf der notwendigen Bildgebung. Es werden Repositionstechniken sowie typische Begleitverletzungen und die Nachbehandlung erläutert.
Tipps und Tricks bei der Behandlung einer Epistaxis
Authors: Hool Sara-Lynn , Caversaccio Marco , Borner Urs
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Nasenbluten ist ein häufiges und meist selbstlimitierendes Symptom. Nur 6 % der Betroffenen müssen deswegen eine ärztliche Betreuung in Anspruch nehmen. Häufig stellen sich die Patienten beim Hausarzt oder auf einem Notfall vor. Das Ziel von diesem Artikel ist, die wichtigen Punkte bei der Diagnostik und Therapie der Epistaxis zu vermitteln.
Tipps und Tricks in der Behandlung offener Handverletzungen in der Notfallpraxis
Authors: Fuhrer Reto , Personeni Bettina Juon , Vögelin Esther
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Beurteilung und Erstbehandlung von frischen offenen Handverletzungen gehört zum Spektrum einer Notfallpraxis oder Notfallstation. In vielen Fällen kann durch dieses Team bereits die fachgerechte definitive Versorgung erfolgen. Mit dem vorliegenden Artikel möchten wir einige Tipps und Tricks für die Planung und Durchführung, aber auch die Nachbehandlung der häufigsten Verletzungen geben und Literaturverweise auf weitere Übersichtsarbeiten liefern.
Kurzfassung der S2k-Leitlinie: „Begutachtung nach gedecktem Schädel-Hirntrauma im Erwachsenenalter“ (AWMF 094/002)
Authors: Wallesch Claus-W. , Marx Peter , du Mesnil de Rochemont Richard , Neumann-Zielke Ludger , Schmidt Roger , Schwalbe Michael , Schwerdtfeger Karsten , Tegenthoff Martin , Widder Bernhard
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. 2005 und 2013 erstellte und konsentierte die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurowissenschaftliche Begutachtung in Kooperation mit anderen Fachgesellschaften, darunter die GNP, Leitlinien auf S1-Niveau zum Thema der Begutachtung gedeckter Schädel-Hirntraumen und publizierte diese über die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wissenschaftlicher Medizinischer Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Die erneute Revision der Leitlinie erfolgte auf dem Evidenzniveau S2k. Die Leitlinie stellt dar, welche Bildgebungs- und klinischen Befunde die Annahme einer strukturellen Hirnschädigung und bleibender Defizite erlauben.
Analyzing Uncertainty in Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation With Pseudoadiabatic Assumption
Authors: Kim Y. K. , Kim S. M. , Tachikawa Y.
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to evaluate a probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimation approach using a moisture‐maximization method. This method enables the estimation of precipitable water (PW) using a surface dew point, under a pseudoadiabatic assumption. However, the deviation of the PW (as estimated using the surface dew point) from the actual observed PW mostly leads to an uncertain PMP estimation, as it is difficult to estimate the actual atmospheric moisture content in an air column using the surface dew point alone. In this study, to consider abundant atmospheric data spanning a long‐term period, we employed the reanalysis data from “Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis” (JRA‐55). The data showed good reliability for the surface dew point and PW. To quantify the deviation, we estimated the errors between the actual and estimated PW values for the moisture‐maximization method at 30 points across Japan. Here, the actual PW was extracted directly from JRA‐55, and the estimated PW was obtained using the surface dew point extracted from JRA‐55. We confirmed that the event PW was the largest source of error in the PMP estimation and that the magnitude of the errors was highly correlated with the surface dew point. We analyzed the vertical dew point profile for events with large estimation errors and confirmed that a low surface dew point showed a high deviation in the air column. Therefore, the use of PMP estimations with the moisture‐maximization method should be carefully considered in rainfall events with low surface dew points (e.g., lower than 18°C).
Circulating cell adhesion molecules in metabolically healthy obesity
Authors: Mulhem Arij , Moulla Yusef , Klöting Nora , Ebert Thomas , Tönjes Anke , Fasshauer Mathias , Dietrich Arne , Schön Michael R. , Stumvoll Michael , Richter Volker , Blüher Matthias
Published: September 2020

Background/Objectives

People with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) may still have an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality compared to metabolically healthy lean (MHL) individuals. However, the mechanisms linking obesity to cardiovascular diseases are not entirely understood. We therefore tested the hypothesis that circulating cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are higher in MHO compared to MHL individuals.

Subjects/Methods

Serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), E-selectin and P-selectin were measured in age- and sex-matched groups of MHL (n = 32), MHO categorized into BMI-matched insulin sensitive (IS, n = 32) or insulin resistant (IR) obesity (n = 32) and people with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO, n = 32).

Results

Indeed, individuals with MHO have significantly higher sICAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin serum concentrations compared to MHL people. However, these CAMs are still significantly lower in IS compared to IR MHO. There was no difference between the groups in sVCAM-1 serum concentrations. Compared to all other groups, circulating adhesion molecules were significantly higher in individuals with MUO.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that obesity-related increased cardiovascular risk is reflected and may be mediated by significantly higher CAMs. The mechanisms causing elevated adhesion molecules even in the absence of overt cardio-metabolic risk factors and whether circulating CAMs could predict cardiovascular events need to be explored.
Sick for science: experimental endotoxemia as a translational tool to develop and test new therapies for inflammation-associated depression
Authors: Lasselin Julie , Lekander Mats , Benson Sven , Schedlowski Manfred , Engler Harald
Published: September 2020

Depression is one of the global leading causes of disability, but treatments remain limited and classical antidepressants were found to be ineffective in a substantial proportion of patients. Thus, novel effective therapies for the treatment of depression are urgently needed. Given the emerging role of inflammation in the etiology and pathophysiology of affective disorders, we herein illustrate how experimental endotoxemia, a translational model of systemic inflammation, could be used as a tool to develop and test new therapeutic options against depression. Our concept is based on the striking overlap of inflammatory, neural, and affective characteristics in patients with inflammation-associated depression and in endotoxin-challenged healthy subjects. Experimental administration of endotoxin in healthy volunteers is safe, well-tolerated, and without known long-term health risks. It offers a highly standardized translational approach to characterize potential targets of therapies against inflammation-associated depression, as well as to identify characteristics of patients that would benefit from these interventions, and, therefore, could contribute to improve personalization of treatment and to increase the overall rate of responders.
The nucleolar-related protein Dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1 (DKC1) predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Elsharawy Khloud A. , Mohammed Omar J. , Aleskandarany Mohammed A. , Hyder Ayman , El-Gammal Hekmat L. , Abou-Dobara Mohamed I. , Green Andrew R. , Dalton Leslie W. , Rakha Emad A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Hypertrophy of the nucleolus is a distinctive cytological feature of malignant cells and corresponds to aggressive behaviour. This study aimed to identify the key gene associated with nucleolar prominence (NP) in breast cancer (BC) and determine its prognostic significance.

Methods

From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, digital whole slide images identified cancers having NP served as label and an information theory algorithm was applied to find which mRNA gene best explained NP. Dyskerin Pseudouridine Synthase 1 (DKC1) was identified. DKC1 expression was assessed using mRNA data of Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC, n = 1980) and TCGA (n = 855). DKC1 protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in Nottingham BC cohort (n = 943).

Results

Nuclear and nucleolar expressions of DKC1 protein were significantly associated with higher tumour grade (p < 0.0001), high nucleolar score (p < 0.001) and poor Nottingham Prognostic Index (p < 0.0001). High DKC1 expression was associated with shorter BC-specific survival (BCSS). In multivariate analysis, DKC1 mRNA and protein expressions were independent risk factors for BCSS (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

DKC1 expression is strongly correlated with NP and its overexpression in BC is associated with unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics and poor outcome. This has been a detailed example in the correlation of phenotype with genotype.
Cannabidiol (CBD): a killer for inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Lowin Torsten , Tingting Ren , Zurmahr Julia , Classen Tim , Schneider Matthias , Pongratz Georg
Published: September 2020

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid fromcannabis sativathat has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in several inflammatory conditions including arthritis. However, CBD binds to several receptors and enzymes and, therefore, its mode of action remains elusive. In this study, we show that CBD increases intracellular calcium levels, reduces cell viability and IL-6/IL-8/MMP-3 production of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF). These effects were pronounced under inflammatory conditions by activating transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA1), and by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Changes in intracellular calcium and cell viability were determined by using the fluorescent dyes Cal-520/PoPo3 together with cell titer blue and the luminescent dye RealTime-glo. Cell-based impedance measurements were conducted with the XCELLigence system and TRPA1 protein was detected by flow cytometry. Cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA. CBD reduced cell viability, proliferation, and IL-6/IL-8 production of RASF. Moreover, CBD increased intracellular calcium and uptake of the cationic viability dye PoPo3 in RASF, which was enhanced by pre-treatment with TNF. Concomitant incubation of CBD with the TRPA1 antagonist A967079 but not the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine reduced the effects of CBD on calcium and PoPo3 uptake. In addition, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, cyclosporin A, also blocked the effects of CBD on cell viability and IL-8 production. PoPo3 uptake was inhibited by the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel inhibitor DIDS and Decynium-22, an inhibitor for all organic cation transporter isoforms. CBD increases intracellular calcium levels, reduces cell viability, and IL-6/IL-8/MMP-3 production of RASF by activating TRPA1 and mitochondrial targets. This effect was enhanced by pre-treatment with TNF suggesting that CBD preferentially targets activated, pro-inflammatory RASF. Thus, CBD possesses anti-arthritic activity and might ameliorate arthritis via targeting synovial fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions.