bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexões sobre a anticoncepção na adolescência no Brasil
Authors: Vieira Leila Maria , Saes Sandra de Oliveira , Dória Adriana Aparecida Bini , Goldberg Tamara Beres Lederer
Published: August 2006

Faz-se uma reflexão sobre a contracepção e suas conseqüências na adolescência, baseada em trabalhos nacionais e internacionais alertam para a precocidade do início da atividade sexual, a qual expõe os adolescentes aos riscos da gravidez e das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e AIDS. Verifica-se que a maioria dos adolescentes recebe informações sobre contracepção, sendo a pílula e o preservativo os mais conhecidos e utilizados. Porém, registram-se elevada inadequação na utilização dos métodos contraceptivos, além da falta de serviços assistências, onde possam buscar orientações e atendimento. Tal realidade alerta para a necessidade de maior envolvimento de profissionais da saúde, da educação, família e comunidade, garantindo qualidade de vida aos adolescentes.
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes do sexo feminino vítimas de violência atendidas em um Serviço de Apoio à Mulher, Recife, Pernambuco
Authors: Gomes Maria Laura Mota , Falbo Neto Gilliatt Hanois , Viana Cláudia Henriques , Silva Maria Arleide da
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVOS: descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes um serviço determinando características biológicas e sócio-demográficas, tipos de violência, formas de intimidação, lesões, existência de gravidez e perfil dos agressores. MÉTODOS: estudo tipo corte transversal, de 170 prontuários das vítimas de violência de 0 a 19 anos atendidas no Serviço de Apoio à Mulher do Hospital Agamenom Magalhães em Recife, Pernambuco, de junho de 2001 a dezembro de 2002. RESULTADOS: a mediana de idade foi 16 anos. A maioria era parda e solteira. Cento e treze não concluíram o ensino fundamental e a renda familiar foi de até um salário mínimo (31,2%). A agressão sexual representou 64,7%, a principal região lesada foi a genital. Equimoses/hematomas corresponderam a 23,8% das lesões. Dezessete vítimas estavam grávidas à época da agressão. 31,7% dos agressores eram desconhecidos e utilizaram a força física (79,8%) como a principal forma de intimidação. Idade, renda e grau de escolaridade da maioria deles eram desconhecidos. Os agressores demonstravam sinais de consumo de álcool no momento da violência (34,2%). CONCLUSÕES: as vítimas eram pardas, de baixa escolaridade e baixo nível socioeconômico. Muitas sofreram lesões genitais. Seus agressores eram desconhecidos, utilizando força física para intimidação.
First record of the bat Mimon crenulatum (E. Geoffroy, 1801) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Mello M. A. R. , Pol A.
Published: August 2006

The present study reports an extension of the geographic range of the phyllostomid bat Mimon crenulatum. This is the first record of this species in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Bats were captured in two conservation units of the Atlantic Forest. Data on the ecology and morphometry of the individuals are presented and compared with data recorded for other localities. The occurrence of this bat species in the region, though new, is consistent with information on its natural history found in the literature.
Ultrastructural aspects of the intercellular bridges between female bee germ cells
Authors: Patrício K. , Cruz-Landim C.
Published: August 2006

The germline cells in the ovary of the female bee are interconnected by intercellular bridges kept open by cytoskeletal reinforcements in the plasmic membrane. These bridges among the germline cells display a dynamic behavior and probably act in the determination of the oocyte among the cells of the clone formed by the premeiotic mitoses, subsequently forming a pathway that enables the products synthesized by the nurse cells to reach the oocyte during its maturation. The cytoskeletal elements in the intercellular bridges of bee gonads are basically microfilaments and microtubules, but another type of filament (thick, of non-defined nature, associated with elements of the endoplasmic reticulum) is present in the bridges between the premeiotic cystocytes. This filament crosses the bridge, using microfilaments to fasten itself to the plasmic membrane. These filaments appear to control the span of the bridge. Upon completion of the proliferation phase the cystocytes take on a rosette shape, and a fusome formed by the convergence of the bridges appears at their center. The thick filaments are not present in this conformation. The differentiation of the oocyte and the nurse cells leads to a new change, in which the bridges are reoriented to convey the content of the future nurse cells to the oocyte.
Physiological rates in different classes of sizes of Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) submmited to experimental loboratory conditions
Authors: Resgalla Jr. C. , Brasil E. S. , Salomão L. C.
Published: August 2006

Physiological studies of the mussel Perna perna in Brazil are almost 30 years behind those of other, more exhaustively investigated species, such as Mytilus edulis. Little is known about the variations in physiological rates due to size and the consequences of maintaining P. perna in laboratory conditions. This work investigated the variations in respiration, clearance, excretion and absorption efficiency rates of P. perna, classified by size and acclimatized in a laboratory, monitoring the mussels’ respiration rates and biometry over a period of 30 days, in laboratory conditions. The respiration, clearance and excretion rates presented an allometric relation with the dry weight of the organisms, with b values of 0.66, 0.48 and 0.91 respectively. On the other hand, these same rates, when considered by weight (specific rates) showed a relationship that was inverse to the size of the organisms. Only the absorption efficiency was independent of the weight of the mussel. In terms of acclimatization, it was observed that it takes 10 days for the respiration rate of the mussel P. perna to stabilize in laboratory conditions, after which it follows a routine metabolism.
Recognition and distribution of Leptodactylus mystaceus (Anura; Leptodactylidae) in the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Toledo Luís Felipe , Castanho Luciano Mendes , Haddad Célio F. B.
Published: August 2006

Leptodactylus mystaceus, a widespread species over South America, is diagnosed based on specimens from the State of São Paulo, its southernmost geographic distribution limit. Here we present the first record of this species for Southeastern Brazil, extending its distribution for approximately 1,300 km to the southeast. We also include a description of its advertisement call, natural history data, photograph in life and morphological illustrations that make easier the identification of the species.
Duas novas espécies de Tanaostigmodes Ashmead, 1896 (Hymenoptera, Tanaostigmatidae) obtidas de galhas de Calliandra disysantha Benht. (Leguminosae, Mimosoidea) do Brasil Central
Authors: Perioto Nelson Wanderley , Lara Rogéria Inês Rosa
Published: August 2006

Duas novas espécies de Tanaostigmodes obtidas a partir de galhas de Calliandra disysantha em Brasília (DF), Brasil são descritas e ilustradas.
Espécie invasora em reservas naturais: caracterização da população de Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822 (Mollusca - Achatinidae) na Ilha Rasa, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Fischer Marta Luciane , Colley Eduardo
Published: August 2006

O caramujo africano Achatina fulica é uma das cem espécies invasoras do mundo, causando sérios danos principalmente em ilhas. Objetivou-se caracterizar a população de A. fulica na Ilha Rasa, Guaraqueçaba, PR, Brasil. Coletas sazonais diurnas da A. fulica e fauna associada foram conduzidas na borda e interior de floresta, restinga, mangue e área urbana das comunidades de Almeida e Rasa. Foram coletados 959 caramujos, com uma média de 66,4 animais vivos por terreno vistoriado, estimando-se que haja em torno de 9.000 caramujos na ilha. No entanto a freqüência dos animais esteve condicionada a época do ano, tamanho do animal e comunidade. A pequena e recente população de A. fulica associada ao ambiente antrópico demanda um plano de erradicação urgente e eficaz evitando o seu estabelecimento e a dispersão para as áreas nativas.
First record of Paraphaenocladius exagitans longipes Sæther & Wang 1995 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from Brazil
Authors: Mendes H. F. , Andrade-Morraye M.
Published: August 2006

Paraphaenocladius exagitans longipes Sæther & Wang, 1995, was collected in Southeastern Brazil for the first time, extending the geographical distribution of this subspecies.
Controle por resultados no local de trabalho: dissonâncias entre o prescrito e o real
Authors: Hopfer Kátia Regina , Faria José Henrique de
Published: August 2006

O presente artigo procura mostrar as contradições e conflitos inerentes às relações de trabalho submetidas à lógica do sistema capitalista de produção por meio do controle social no trabalho. Esse controle foi analisado a partir de quatro instâncias organizacionais - mítica, sócio-histórica, organizacional e grupal - de base psicossociológica, com o intuito de ampliar uma matriz teórico-metodológica utilizada nos estudos organizacionais na linha de pesquisa Economia Política do Poder. Na presente pesquisa foi possível identificar dissonâncias entre o ambiente prescrito e o real, bem como o exercício do controle social por resultados por meio do estímulo à competição interna, à individualidade e à busca da identificação individual ao sucesso organizacional. Esses mecanismos de controle correspondem a valores intrínsecos do sistema capitalista de produção enquanto estratégias de gestão empresarial.
Impactos da mobilização da subjetividade nos processos de formação profissional e sindical
Authors: Corrêa Maria Laetitia , Pimenta Solange Maria
Published: August 2006

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar os efeitos da mobilização da subjetividade sobre as possibilidades de formação profissional e sindical assinaladas pela autonomia. Apoiando-se numa pesquisa realizada nos setores automotivo e têxtil mineiros, buscou-se apreender as representações dos diferentes segmentos sociais - gestores, trabalhadores e dirigentes sindicais - sobre o processo de modernização sistêmica das empresas desde o final dos anos 1980 e suas implicações nas relações de trabalho. Os resultados indicam que um efeito considerável das estratégias de mobilização da subjetividade nas organizações tem sido a homogeneização do espaço social, dificultando a "construção" de sujeitos autônomos e de projetos independentes, e negando o discurso organizacional de democratização das empresas.
Phenolic compounds in coffee
Authors: Farah Adriana , Donangelo Carmen Marino
Published: August 2006

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites generally involved in plant adaptation to environmental stress conditions. Chlorogenic acids (CGA) and related compounds are the main components of the phenolic fraction of green coffee beans, reaching levels up to 14 % (dry matter basis). These compounds have a number of beneficial health properties related to their potent antioxidant activity as well as hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic and antiviral activities. The main groups of CGA found in green coffee beans include caffeoylquinic acids, dicaffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids, p-coumaroylquinic acids and mixed diesters of caffeic and ferulic acids with quinic acid, each group with at least three isomers. During coffee processing, CGA may be isomerized, hydrolyzed or degraded into low molecular weight compounds. The high temperatures of roasting also produce transformation of part of CGA into quinolactones and, along with other compounds, melanoidins. This review focuses on the chemical characteristics, biosynthesis, and distribution of CGA and related compounds in coffee. The influence of genetic, physiological and environmental factors as well as processing on the chemical composition of coffee beans is discussed. The impact of CGA composition of green coffee on cup quality is also approached. Despite the existence of substantial published information on the total levels of CGA in coffee, more research is needed on the composition of minor phenolic compounds and specific CGA isomers (and related substances) in green and roasted coffee beans, as well as their impact on coffee quality.
Coffee leaf miner resistance
Authors: Guerreiro Filho Oliveiro
Published: August 2006

The coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella, is a common pest of coffee plantations in Brazil. Though it is effective, chemical control substantially increases the cost of production and constitutes a significant risk for the environment. Resistant coffee cultivars have been and continue being developed through classic and molecular selection techniques. Basic knowledge about the biology of this insect, the damage it causes to the plants, the identification of sources of resistance, the development of efficient selection methods and knowledge about the genetics of resistance have contributed to the efficiency of the ongoing genetic improvement programs. Recently, coffee genomics studies have also promoted an improvement in the efficiency of the development of cultivars resistant to this insect. We present a short review of each of these aspects of the search for resistance.
Some thoughts on the physiology of caffeine in coffee: and a glimpse of metabolite profiling
Authors: Baumann Thomas W.
Published: August 2006

Human beings enjoy the flavor and stimulating activity of a cup of coffee without knowing that by doing so, they are part of a 'food web' and receive signals coffee plants build to improve their struggle for life. This review is centered in the first part on the purine alkaloid caffeine and its physiological role in the coffee plant's life cycle. Many of the thoughts and ideas presented here are plain speculation, because the real research revealing the secrets of plant physiology such as e.g. the formation of the coffee bean with all its ingredients, has just started. The recent achievements in molecular biology made it possible to tackle and answer new questions regarding the regulation of secondary metabolism in the coffee plant organs at selected stages of their development. Brazilian research groups have much contributed to the recent progress in molecular biology and physiology of coffee. Among them was Maro R. Söndahl, in commemoration of whom this article has been written. Thus, the second part reports on the very first steps Maro and I made together into a very new field of coffee, that is metabolite profiling. The outcome was amazing and gives an idea of the great potential of this technique to map in future the complex network of the coffee metabolom.
Tratamento endovascular da doença obstrutiva carotídea em pacientes de alto risco: resultados imediatos
Authors: Lujan Ricardo Augusto Carvalho , Lucas Leonardo Aguiar , Gracio Andréa de Fátima , Lobato Armando de Carvalho
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVO: Tratamento endovascular - angioplastia carotídea com stent (ACS) - tem se mostrado como opção atual no tratamento da estenose da artéria carótida em pacientes considerados de alto risco para endarterectomia de carótida (ECA). Este trabalho reporta a experiência do Instituto de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular (ICVE) de São Paulo nos casos de ACS em pacientes de alto risco. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo descritivo baseado na análise dos prontuários de 113 pacientes (84 homens e 29 mulheres) submetidos a 130 procedimentos de ACS pelo ICVE, no período de março de 2000 a junho de 2004. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 74 anos (variando de 51 a 86 anos). Os pacientes assintomáticos (55%) apresentavam estenose > 75%, enquanto nos sintomáticos (45%) as lesões encontradas foram > 70%. Foi indicado ACS nos seguintes pacientes: alto risco para ECA (45%), reestenose pós-ECA (15%), estenose carotídea severa bilateral (14%), oclusão da carótida contralateral (12%), bifurcação alta (no nível ou acima da segunda vértebra cervical) (6%), estenose pós-radioterapia (5%) e pescoço hostil (3%). As lesões encontradas localizavam-se na bifurcação carotídea (46%), carótida interna (32%), origem da artéria carótida comum (9%), tronco braquiocefálico (8%) e artéria carótida comum (5%). RESULTADO: Foi observado um total de sete eventos neurológicos (cinco casos de acidente vascular encefálico e dois pacientes que apresentaram ataque isquêmico transitório). A taxa de óbito foi de 0%. A taxa total de complicações (acidente vascular encefálico, acidente isquêmico transitório, óbito) foi de 5,3%. CONCLUSÃO: ACS demonstrou ser um procedimento com baixa taxa de complicações, sendo uma opção segura e eficaz nos pacientes de alto risco para ECA.
Doença de Behçet cursando com trombose de veia cava superior
Authors: Silva Júnior Otacílio Figueiredo da , Araújo Ricardo Henrique de Sousa , Freire Eutília Andrade Medeiros , Travassos Júnior Ronaldo Rangel , Cavalcante Thiago Emanuel Rodrigues , Lucena Tarcísio José Pinheiro , Nogueira Neto Norberto de Castro , Melo Alessandra Vanessa de Albuquerque
Published: August 2006

A trombose venosa é o principal acometimento do sistema vascular na doença de Behçet, sendo uma complicação freqüente na evolução clínica dessa patologia, e está mais associada ao sexo masculino. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino que apresentou início da doença há 3 anos com úlceras orais, além de úlceras genitais, e que vem cursando com episódios recorrentes de trombose venosa, sendo a primeira uma trombose venosa profunda no membro inferior direito; a segunda, de jugular interna esquerda; e, por último, uma trombose da veia cava superior.
Longitudinal photographic observation of the occurrence of bubbles in pit and fissure sealants
Authors: Sundfeld Renato Herman , Croll Theodore P. , Mauro Silvio José , Briso André Luiz Fraga , Alexandre Rodrigo Sversut de , Sundefeld Maria Lúcia Marçal Mazza
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this study was to employ photographic evaluation to observe the presence or absence of bubbles in pit and fissure sealants Concise and Prisma Shield, at 7 days, 18 months, 36 months and 11 years after accomplishment of treatment. METHODS: A hematoxylin-based staining solution was applied to the occlusal surface at the study periods, which allowed assessment of the sealing material on the surface. All occlusal surfaces were photographed and the photographs corresponding to each period were subjected to photographic evaluation. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference only at 18 months, with a significantly higher number of specimens with bubbles for the Prisma Shield sealant compared to the Concise, whereas the groups were similar at all other study periods. On the other hand, separate analysis of subsequent periods of the sealants did not reveal any significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the present longitudinal investigation, it may be concluded that the sealing materials showed that bubbles came into and went out with time. However, this fact did not interfere with its clinical purpose, provided the remaining material covers the expected region of pits and fissures.
In vivo evaluation of the sealing ability of two endodontic sealers in root canals exposed to the oral environment for 45 and 90 days
Authors: Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli , Vanni José Roberto , Della Bona Álvaro , Figueiredo José Antônio Poli de , Porto Sérgio
Published: August 2006

This in vivo study evaluated the sealing ability of a resin-based sealer (AH Plus) and a zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (Endofill) in dogs' teeth, exposed to the oral environment for 45 and 90 days. Forty eight lower incisors from 8 dogs were endodonticaly treated. A stratified randomization determined the sealer use in each root canal. All canals were filled using the lateral condensation technique. The excess filling material at the cervical portion of the root canal was sectioned, leaving a 10-mm obturation length inside the canal. Teeth were provisionally sealed with glass ionomer cement for 24 h and the canals were exposed to the oral environment for either 45 or 90 days. Therefore, the experimental groups were as follows: A45- AH Plus for 45 days; A90- AH Plus for 90 days; E45- Endofill for 45 days; and E90- Endofill for 90 days (n=12). After the experimental period, the dogs were killed and the lower jaw was removed. The incisors were extracted and the roots were covered with two coats of nail varnish. The teeth were immersed in India ink for 96 h and submitted to diaphanization. Dye leakage (in mm) was measured using stereomicroscopy (10x magnification). The results were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons (á = 0.05). Group E90 (2.03±0.94) showed significantly higher mean leakage value than all other groups (p<0.001). None of the sealers, in both study conditions, were able to prevent dye leakage.
In vitro evaluation of apical microleakage using different root-end filling materials
Authors: Valera Márcia Carneiro , Camargo Carlos Henrique Ribeiro , Carvalho Alessandra Sverberi , Gama Eduardo Ramalho Pereira
Published: August 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the apical leakage of retrograde cavities filled with Portland Cement (Concrebrás S/A-MG-Brazil), ProRoot MTA TM (Dentsply International, Johnson City, TN, USA) and Sealapex (Kerr Corporation, Orange, California, USA) with addition of zinc oxide (Odahcam Herpo Produtos Dentários Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). Forty-two extracted single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and used for this study. The root canals were instrumented at 1.0mm short of the apical foramen using the step-back technique to an apical ISO size 60. The roots were obturated with gutta-percha points and sealer Sealapex (Kerr Corporation-USA) and then 3mm of each root apex was sectioned at a 90° angle. Ultrasonic retrograde preparation was performed with a diamond tip to 3mm depth and the roots were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the filling material: G1-Portland, G2-ProRoot MTA, G3- Sealapex zinc oxide-added cement. The root surfaces were covered with nail varnish up to 2mm from the apical foramen, immersed in simulated tissue fluid for 30 days, and then immersed in 0.2% Rhodamine B solution for 24 hours for evaluation of marginal leakage. The results showed mean leakage of 0.75, 0.35 and 0.35 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; however, Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the results (p>0.05).
Conhecimento da disponibilidade e sobre o uso da ventilação não invasiva em unidades de terapia intensiva de hospitais públicos, privados e de ensino da região metropolitana de São Paulo
Authors: Nápolis Lara Maris , Jeronimo Leila Mara , Baldini Danila Vieira , Machado Michelle Pinheiro , Souza Virgínia Aparecida de , Caruso Pedro
Published: August 2006

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento da disponibilidade de equipamentos para ventilação não invasiva e o grau de conhecimento, atualização e familiaridade sobre ventilação não invasiva entre médicos, enfermeiros e fisioterapeutas em unidades de terapia intensiva de hospitais públicos, privados e de ensino da região metropolitana de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Preenchimento de questionário no local. RESULTADOS: A disponibilidade de equipamentos para ventilação não invasiva na região metropolitana de São Paulo é elevada, sendo maior nos hospitais privados do que nos de ensino e em ambos é maior do que nos públicos. Nos hospitais públicos predomina o uso de aparelhos de ventilação invasiva adaptados para ventilação não invasiva. Nos hospitais privados predomina o gerador de fluxo e nos hospitais de ensino, os ventiladores específicos para ventilação não invasiva. Todos os fisioterapeutas sentiam-se aptos a instalar a ventilação não invasiva, contra 72,6% dos médicos e 33,3% dos enfermeiros. Médicos e fisioterapeutas tiveram grande percentagem de acertos nas indicações e contra-indicações da ventilação não invasiva, que foi menor para os enfermeiros. Em um ano, mais fisioterapeutas leram artigos científicos e participaram de aulas sobre ventilação não invasiva do que médicos, e estes mais que enfermeiros. CONCLUSÃO: A disponibilidade de equipamentos para ventilação não invasiva é elevada nos hospitais da região metropolitana de São Paulo, com diferenças no tipo de equipamento disponível. Médicos e fisioterapeutas têm elevado grau de acerto nas indicações e contra-indicações de seu uso. Fisioterapeutas sentem-se mais aptos a instalar a ventilação não invasiva e estão mais atualizados do que médicos e enfermeiros.
Mediastinite esclerosante no diagnóstico diferencial de tumores mediastinais
Authors: Kang Davi Wen Wei , Canzian Mauro , Beyruti Ricardo , Jatene Fábio Biscegli
Published: August 2006

A mediastinite esclerosante é uma doença rara, caracterizada por tecido fibrótico mediastinal extenso, que mimetiza uma neoplasia devido à compressão ou invasão das estruturas mediastinais. Apresentamos três casos de síndrome de veia cava superior em que se comprovou a mediastinite esclerosante. A fisiopatologia relaciona-se a adenomegalias mediastinais, proliferação de fibroblastos e deposição de colágeno. As principais causas são histoplasmose e tuberculose, doenças prevalentes em nosso meio. O diagnóstico histopatológico geralmente é difícil por métodos pouco invasivos. Necessita-se de exploração cirúrgica para o diagnóstico definitivo e resolução da obstrução das vias aerodigestiva e vascular, uma vez que não há tratamento clínico efetivo para esta afecção.
Pneumotorax e pneumopericárdio hipertensivo em cirurgia cardiotorácica
Authors: Haddad Rui , Lima Carlos Eduardo Teixeira , Boasquevisque Carlos Henrique , Haddad Guilherme Saraiva , Ferreira Tadeu Diniz
Published: August 2006

São apresentados dois casos de pacientes com pneumotorax e pneumopericárdio hipertensivo, em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardiotorácica. Ambos tiveram abertura do pericárdio como um dos tempos cirúrgicos da operação inicial e apresentaram sintomas de tamponamento pericárdico como complicação. O tratamento foi uma drenagem pleural nos dois casos, que evoluíram para resolução do processo.
Ultrasonographic findings in normal temporomandibular joints
Authors: Elias Fernando Melhem , Birman Esther Goldenberg , Matsuda Cleide Kioco , Oliveira Ilka Regina de Souza , Jorge Waldyr Antonio
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine some ultrasonographic standards of temporomandibular joints with normally positioned discs. Nineteen patients from 18 to 45 years old (average age: 27.4 years; 16 females and 3 males), with history of orofacial pain, but without clinical or radiological signs of disc displacement, underwent ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the examination of their joints. In 30 joints, the distance between the most lateral point of the articular capsule and the most lateral point of the mandibular condyle (lateral capsule-condyle distance) was measured, as well as the distance between the most anterior point of the articular capsule and the most anterior point of the mandibular condyle (anterior capsule-condyle distance). In the closed-mouth position, the average values found for the lateral capsule-condyle distance were 1.4 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively in the longitudinal (coronal) and transverse (axial) scans. In the open-mouth position, the average distance was 1.2 mm, in both longitudinal (coronal) and transverse (axial) scans. The average values found for the anterior capsule-condyle distance were 2.3 mm in the closed-mouth position and 1.1 mm in the open-mouth position, both in transverse (axial) scans. Intra-examiner agreement, measured in terms of the intraclass correlation coefficient, varied from 0.83 to 0.93. We believe that this study can contribute to the validation of US as a diagnostic method for temporomandibular joint disorders, provided that the obtained measurements be used in future studies as normal reference values.
Study of DNA damage induced by dental bleaching agents in vitro
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Marques Mariângela Esther Alencar , Salvadori Daisy Maria Fávero
Published: August 2006

Dental bleaching is a simple and conservative procedure for aesthetic restoration of vital and non-vital discolored teeth. Nevertheless, a number of studies have demonstrated the risk of tissue damage from the contact of these agents with the oral mucosa. In the current study, the genotoxic potential associated with exposure to dental bleaching agents was assessed by the single cell gel (comet) assay in vitro. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in vitro were exposed to six commercial dental bleaching agents (Clarigel Gold - Dentsply; Whitespeed - Discus Dental; Nite White - Discus Dental; Magic Bleaching - Vigodent; Whiteness HP - FGM and Lase Peroxide - DMC). The results pointed out that all dental bleaching agents tested contributed to DNA damage as depicted by the mean tail moment, being the strongest effect observed with the highest dose of hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP and Lase Peroxide, at a 35% concentration). On the other hand, Magic Bleaching (Vigodent) induced the lowest level of DNA breakage. Negative and positive controls displayed absence and presence of DNA-damaging, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that dental bleaching agents may be a factor that increases the level of DNA damage. A higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide produced higher noxious activities in the genome as detected by single cell gel (comet) assay.
Effect of neonatal hyperthyroidism on GH gene expression reprogramming and physiological repercussions in rat adulthood
Authors: de Picoli Souza Kely , da Silva Francemilson Goulart , Nunes Maria Tereza
Published: August 2006

The neonatal period (NP) is a critical phase of the development in which the expression pattern of most genes is established. Thyroid hormones (TH) play a key role in this process and, alterations in its availability in the NP may lead to different patterns of gene expression, which might reflect in the permanent expression of several genes in the adulthood. GH gene expression in the pituitary is greatly dependent on TH in the early postnatal life; thus, modifications of thyroid state in NP might lead to alterations in GH gene expression as well as to physiological repercussions in the adult life. This study aimed to investigate this possibility by means of the induction of a neonatal hyperthyroidism in rats (4 μg of 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3)/100 g body weight, s.c.) for 5, 15 or 30 days, and further evaluation of GH gene expression, as well as its physiological consequences in adult rats subjected to a transient hyperthyroidism in the first 30 days of life. GH mRNA level was shown to be increased in T3-treated rats for 5 days; when the treatment was extended to 15 or 30 days, the GH mRNA levels were similar to the control group. Moreover, rats treated with T3 for 30 days and killed when 90 days old, i.e., 60 days at the end of the T3 treatment, showed decreased GH mRNA content, body weight, bone mineral density, and lean body mass. In conclusion: (1) T3 effects on GH gene expression depend on the period of life in which the hyperthyroidism is set and on the length of T3 treatment in the NP and (2) transient neonatal hyperthyroidism leads to a lower GH mRNA expression in adult life accompanied by physiological repercussions indicative of GH deficiency.
Plasma concentrations of prolactin in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in different physiological states
Authors: Crawford J L , Thomson B P , Beaumont M F , Eckery D C
Published: August 2006

Prolactin (Prl) has been implicated in reproduction in many mammalian species and is illustrated by the distinctive patterns of secretion during the breeding season, the oestrous cycle and lactation. The recent development of a homologous RIA for measuring the circulating Prl concentrations in brushtail possums has facilitated the reliable measurement of Prl in plasma during different physiological states in this species for the first time. Determination of Prl concentrations during lactation involved the collection of weekly blood samples from eight female possums from the time of parturition through either one or two consecutive lactational cycles. Prl was at baseline levels during early lactation (weeks 0–14 post-partum), and then increased markedly to maximum concentrations at weeks 19–21 before returning to nadir levels at a time coincident with the weaning of pouch young (weeks 23–27). The profile of Prl secretion over the oestrous cycle and in particular at the time of the preovulatory LH surge was obtained from 14 possums during the reproductive cycle, in which preovulatory follicle development and ovulation were monitored by laparoscopy. There was no distinct daily pattern of Prl secretion during the oestrous cycle; however, in 3/4 possums in which a typical preovulatory LH surge was measured, a biphasic preovulatory Prl surge was also observed. The preovulatory Prl surge commenced 2–6 h prior to, and had returned to baseline close to the onset of, the preovulatory LH surge, and a second surge of Prl occurred concomitantly with the delayed preovulatory FSH surge. Seasonality of Prl levels was established from weekly blood samples collected from six barren female possums, and concentrations of Prl were lower during the breeding season compared to the non-breeding season. Additionally, a circadian pattern of Prl secretion was evident in both female and male possums, with Prl levels higher in the morning compared to the afternoon. In conclusion, interpretation of endogenous secretory patterns suggests that Prl may be important during late lactation and at impending ovulation, but the involvement of the circannual rhythm of Prl in the regulation of seasonality in the brushtail possum remains to be determined.
Risk assessment: a model for predicting cross‐species transmission of simian foamy virus from macaques (M. fascicularis) to humans at a monkey temple in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Engel Gregory , Hungerford Laura L. , Jones‐Engel Lisa , Travis Dominic , Eberle Richard , Fuentes Agustin , Grant Richard , Kyes Randall , Schillaci Michael ,   and the Macaque Risk Analysis Workshop Group
Published: August 2006

Contact between humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) frequently occurs at monkey temples (religious sites that have become associated with free‐ranging populations of NHPs) in Asia, creating the potential for NHP–human disease transmission. In March 2003 a multidisciplinary panel of experts participated in a workshop designed to model the risk of NHP–human pathogen transmission. The panel developed a risk assessment model to describe the likelihood of cross‐species transmission of simian foamy virus (SFV) from temple macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to visitors at monkey temples. SFV is an enzootic simian retrovirus that has been shown to be transmitted from NHPs to humans. In operationalizing the model field data, laboratory data and expert opinions were used to estimate the likelihood of SFV transmission within this context. This model sets the stage for a discussion about modeling as a risk assessment tool and the kinds of data that are required to accurately predict transmission. Am. J. Primatol. 68:934–948, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flughafen München Terminal 2 – Optimierung der Glas‐Doppelfassade und des Glasdaches
Authors: Rühle Thomas , Hadlich‐Maerz Kerstin
Published: August 2006

Zur Optimierung des architektonischen Konzeptes des Flughafens München Terminal 2 wurden dynamische Simulationsrechnungen durchgeführt. Auf diese Weise konnten die verschiedenen Anforderungen an die Architektur, die bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften, das Raumklima und den Energiebedarf abgestimmt und in Einklang gebracht werden. Der Vergleich unterschiedlicher Ausführungen der Doppelfassade ermöglichte unter anderem eine optimale Steuerung der Doppelfassade (Lüftungsklappen, Sonnenschutz). Mit Hilfe von Tageslichtsimulationen konnte eine Dachvariante ermittelt werden, die die Anforderungen an eine natürliche Belichtung erfüllt und gleichzeitig Beeinträchtigungen durch Blendung vermeidet.
The utilization of renewable resources in German industrial production
Authors: Busch Rainer , Hirth Thomas , Liese Andreas , Nordhoff Stefan , Puls Jürgen , Pulz Otto , Sell Dieter , Syldatk Christoph , Ulber Roland
Published: August 2006

Renewable resources will be an increasingly important issue for the chemical industry in the future. In the context of white biotechnology, they represent the intersection point of agriculture and the chemical industry. The scarcity and related increase in the price of fossil resources make renewable resources an interesting alternative. If one considers the production of bulk chemicals, it is evident that for this area besides the C sources, sugar and starch, new sources of raw materials must be opened up. One possible solution is to utilize lignocellulose both for materials and energy. This article discusses this interesting prospective for the future, particularly from the point of view of the German industry.
Propagation of plant viruses in hairy root cultures: A potential method for in vitro production of epitope vaccines and foreign proteins
Authors: Shadwick Fiona S. , Doran Pauline M.
Published: August 2006

Hairy roots were used as an in vitro culture system for the propagation of wild‐type and transgenic plant viruses. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was added to the liquid culture medium at the same time as root inoculation. Hairy root growth was unaffected by viral infection. Maximum concentrations of TMV in Nicotiana benthamiana hairy roots were 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than in suspended N. benthamiana cells and reached levels of 1–2 mg g−1 dry weight or 20–28% total soluble protein. Virus accumulated in the roots initially with a constant doubling time of about 1.0 day; subsequent reductions in viral growth rate were correlated with a significant decline in infectivity relative to the inoculum virus. The morphological integrity of the viral particles was maintained during propagation in hairy roots. The contribution to the overall viral titer of passive association of virus with the biomass, for example, by surface adsorption, was negligible compared with active viral replication. N. benthamiana hairy roots were also infected with a TMV‐based viral vector developed to express green fluorescent protein (GFP). This vector was about 260‐fold less infectious than wild‐type TMV and accumulated much more slowly in the roots. Maximum levels of TMV‐GFP in the biomass were about 65‐fold lower than for TMV. This work demonstrates that hairy root cultures are a feasible means for in vitro propagation of wild‐type and transgenic plant viruses under conditions that allow a high degree of environmental containment and control. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 570–583. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactivity of Intein Thioesters: Appending a Functional Group to a Protein
Authors: Kalia Jeet , Raines Ronald T.
Published: August 2006

The success of genome sequencing has heightened the demand for new means to manipulate proteins. An especially desirable goal is the ability to modify a target protein at a specific site with a functional group of orthogonal reactivity. Here, we achieve that goal by exploiting the intrinsic electrophilicity of the thioester intermediate formed during intein‐mediated protein splicing. Detailed kinetic analyses of the reaction of nitrogen nucleophiles with a chromogenic small‐molecule thioester revealed that the α‐hydrazino acetyl group was the optimal nucleophile for attacking a thioester at neutral pH to form a stable linkage. A bifunctional reagent bearing an α‐hydrazino acetamido and azido group was synthesized in high overall yield. This reagent was used to attack the thioester linkage between a target protein and intein, and thereby append an azido group to the target protein in a single step. The azido protein retained full biological activity. Furthermore, its azido group was available for chemical modification by Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Thus, the mechanism of intein‐mediated protein splicing provides the means to install a useful functional group at a specific site—the C terminus—of virtually any protein.
Use of Taxus polymer‐coated paclitaxel‐eluting stents for treatment of in‐stent restenosis in real world patients: Results of clinical and angiographic follow‐up at six months in a single‐center registry
Authors: Lim Victor Y. , Buellesfeld Lutz , Gerckens Ulrich , Mueller Ralf , Schmidt Thomas , Grube Eberhard
Published: August 2006

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Taxus paclitaxel‐eluting stents in a real world group of unselected patients with coronary in‐stent restenosis (ISR) lesions. Methods: This is a prospective single‐center registry of a consecutive series of 94 patients with 104 ISR lesions, without previous brachytherapy, over a period of 1 year. Quantitative coronary angiographic analyses were performed at baseline and at 6‐month angiographic follow‐up. Clinical follow‐up were obtained at 6 months. Results:Pre‐intervention mean reference vessel diameter was 2.62 ± 0.50 mm and mean lesion length was 13.95 ± 6.78 mm. Baseline ISR patterns were mostly either Type I focal (32.7%) or Type II diffuse intrastent (48.1%). At 6‐month angiographic follow‐up, the in‐stent and in‐segment binary restenosis was 3.8% (4/105) and 7.6% (8/105) respectively, and the in‐stent and in‐segment late loss was 0.30 ± 0.50 mm and 0.57 ± 0.54 mm, respectively. Seven of these eight restenosed lesions had a diffuse or proliferative ISR pattern prior to intervention. Lesions that restenosed had longer mean stent length per lesion (37.3 mm vs. 22.5 mm in nonrestenosed group; P = 0.001) and more likely to have had a pattern of total occlusion pre‐intervention (25.0% vs. 3.1% in nonrestenosed group; P = 0.046). At 6‐month clinical follow‐up, the MACE rate was 8.5% and target lesion revascularization rate was 7.4%. There was no death but subacute stent thrombosis occurred in 1 patient (1.1%) at 3 days after intervention. Conclusions: Paclitaxel‐eluting Taxus stent for the treatment of ISR effectively suppresses recurrent neointimal proliferation, and was safe and efficacious at 6‐month follow‐up. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymptotic speeds of spread and traveling waves for monotone semiflows with applications
Authors: Liang Xing , Zhao Xiao‐Qiang
Published: August 2006

The theory of asymptotic speeds of spread and monotone traveling waves is established for a class of monotone discrete and continuous‐time semiflows and is applied to a functional differential equation with diffusion, a time‐delayed lattice population model and a reaction‐diffusion equation in an infinite cylinder. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new carrier grade aggregation network model for delivering broadband services to fast moving users
Authors: De Greve F. , Van Quickenborne F. , De Turck F. , Moerman I. , Demeester P.
Published: August 2006

In this article, we present the research challenges that are associated with designing a cost‐effective network architecture for delivering broadband services to fast moving users (e.g. in trains). We specifically extended the standard Switched Ethernet technology towards a truly Carrier Grade network solution for fast moving users. Prototype implementations allow us to evaluate dynamic tunnel setup mechanisms and to prove that fast Ethernet recovery is feasible by extending the existing spanning tree mechanisms. For architectures with multiple spanning trees the problem arises as to how the spanning trees have to be configured. Therefore, we propose time‐efficient algorithms which solve the problem of aggregating paths into a minimal set of spanning trees. In the performance evaluation section, we compare vulnerable centralized backup systems to systems relying on distributed spanning tree‐based recovery and it is shown that the former require more spanning tree instances to be configured than the latter for the same set of backup paths. The presented methods and results show that Ethernet technologies are well suited for building flexible and robust network solutions that can support fast moving users. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Küttner's tumor of the submandibular glands: Report of five cases with fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Kaba Sadayuki , Kojima Masaru , Matsuda Hazuki , Sugihara Shiro , Masawa Nobuhide , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Fukuda Toshio
Published: August 2006

Küttner's tumor (KT) is a benign tumor‐like lesion of the salivary gland that mimics neoplasm clinically because of presentation as a hard mass. Recently, the histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings of this lesion have been analyzed, and differential diagnostic problems relating to salivary gland lymphoma have been discussed. However, currently there is little information on the cytological findings of those lesions.

 We present cytological findings from five such cases using fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). FNAC of this lesion may present a diagnostic challenge to the cytologist as lesions share some cytologic features with inflammatory process containing numerous lymphoid cells. Smears obtained from two cases contained moderate to large numbers of lymphoid cells without definite cytological atypia, scattered ductal structures, and acinar cell clusters. The remaining three cases showed low cellularity probably attributable to fibrosis that made it difficult to aspirate the cellular element. FNAC findings of scattered ductal structures surrounded by collagens and infiltrated by a mixed population of lymphoid cells, not specific for KT, are highly suggestive of the diagnosis with the appropriate clinical findings. However, a portion of cytological specimens of KT containing relatively large numbers of lymphoid cells should be differentiated from malignant lymphoma arising from the submandibular gland. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:631–635. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Cytological identification of metastatic epithelial nephroblastoma in pleural fluid: Report of a case and review of literature
Authors: Schinstine Malcolm , Abati Andrea , Tsokos Maria , Fox Elizabeth , Filie Armando C.
Published: August 2006

Nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) is the most common childhood renal tumor and usually presents with a histology and cytology consisting of blastemal, epithelial, and stromal cells. Effusions are not uncommon and may suggest an unfavorable prognosis when containing anaplastic tumor cells. In the present case, we report the cytological appearance of a Wilms' tumor metastatic to the pleura. The effusion consisted primarily of tumor cells demonstrating epithelial differentiation. The tumor cells mostly presented as three‐dimensional aggregates in an inflammatory background. Many cystic and tubular structures were identified. The tumor cells demonstrated strong CD56 and WT1 immunoreactivity. The histology of a subsequent surgical specimen reflected the features seen in cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:621–625. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Generation of a conditional null allele of jumonji
Authors: Mysliwiec Matthew R. , Chen Junqin , Powers Patricia A. , Bartley Christopher R. , Schneider Michael D. , Lee Youngsook
Published: August 2006

The jumonji (jmj) gene plays important roles in multiple organ development in mouse, including cardiovascular development. Since JMJ is expressed widely during mouse development, it is essential that conditional knockout approaches be employed to ablate JMJ in a tissue‐specific manner to identify the cell lineage specific roles of JMJ. In this report, we describe the establishment of a jmj conditional null allele in mice by generating a loxP‐flanked (floxed) jmj allele, which allows the in vivo ablation of jmj via Cre recombinase‐mediated deletion. Gene targeting was used to introduce loxP sites flanking exon 3 of the jmj allele to mouse embryonic stem cells. Our results indicate that the jmj floxed allele converts to a null allele in a heart‐specific manner when embryos homozygous for the floxed jmj allele and carrying the α‐myosin heavy chain promoter‐Cre transgene were analyzed by Southern and Northern blot analyses. Therefore, this mouse line harboring the conditional jmj null allele will provide a valuable tool for deciphering the tissue and cell lineage specific roles of JMJ. genesis 44:407–411, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.