bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical dynamics of endogenous fluctuations predict cognitive flexibility in the Go/NoGo task
Authors: Simola Jaana , Zhigalov Alexander , Morales-Muñoz Isabel , Palva J. Matias , Palva Satu
Published: May 2017

Fluctuations with power-law scaling and long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) are characteristic to human psychophysical performance. Systems operating in a critical state exhibit such LRTCs, but phenomenologically similar fluctuations and LRTCs may also be caused by slow decay of the system’s memory without the system being critical. Theoretically, criticality endows the system with the greatest representational capacity and flexibility in state transitions. Without criticality, however, slowly decaying system memory would predict inflexibility. We addressed these contrasting predictions of the ‘criticality’ and ‘long-memory’ candidate mechanisms of human behavioral LRTCs by using a Go/NoGo task wherein the commission errors constitute a measure of cognitive flexibility. Response time (RT) fluctuations in this task exhibited power-law frequency scaling, autocorrelations, and LRTCs. We show here that the LRTC scaling exponents, quantifying the strength of long-range correlations, were negatively correlated with the commission error rates. Strong LRTCs hence parallel optimal cognitive flexibility and, in line with the criticality hypothesis, indicate a functionally advantageous state. This conclusion was corroborated by a positive correlation between the LRTC scaling exponents and executive functions measured with the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test. Our results hence support the notion that LRTCs arise from critical dynamics that is functionally significant for human cognitive performance.
Expanded CCUG repeat RNA expression in Drosophila heart and muscle trigger Myotonic Dystrophy type 1-like phenotypes and activate autophagocytosis genes
Authors: Cerro-Herreros Estefania , Chakraborty Mouli , Pérez-Alonso Manuel , Artero Rubén , Llamusí Beatriz
Published: May 2017

Myotonic dystrophies (DM1–2) are neuromuscular genetic disorders caused by the pathological expansion of untranslated microsatellites. DM1 and DM2, are caused by expanded CTG repeats in the 3′UTR of the DMPK gene and CCTG repeats in the first intron of the CNBP gene, respectively. Mutant RNAs containing expanded repeats are retained in the cell nucleus, where they sequester nuclear factors and cause alterations in RNA metabolism. However, for unknown reasons, DM1 is more severe than DM2. To study the differences and similarities in the pathogenesis of DM1 and DM2, we generated model flies by expressing pure expanded CUG ([250]×) or CCUG ([1100]×) repeats, respectively, and compared them with control flies expressing either 20 repeat units or GFP. We observed surprisingly severe muscle reduction and cardiac dysfunction in CCUG-expressing model flies. The muscle and cardiac tissue of both DM1 and DM2 model flies showed DM1-like phenotypes including overexpression of autophagy-related genes, RNA mis-splicing and repeat RNA aggregation in ribonuclear foci along with the Muscleblind protein. These data reveal, for the first time, that expanded non-coding CCUG repeat-RNA has similar in vivo toxicity potential as expanded CUG RNA in muscle and heart tissues and suggests that specific, as yet unknown factors, quench CCUG-repeat toxicity in DM2 patients.
Characterization of developmental defects in the forebrain resulting from hyperactivated mTOR signaling by integrative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data
Authors: Shin Jiheon , Kim Minhyung , Jung Hee-Jung , Cha Hye Lim , Suh-Kim Haeyoung , Ahn Sanghyun , Jung Jaehoon , Kim YounAh , Jun Yukyung , Lee Sanghyuk , Hwang Daehee , Kim Jaesang
Published: May 2017

Hyperactivated mTOR signaling in the developing brain has been implicated in multiple forms of pathology including tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). To date, various phenotypic defects such as cortical lamination irregularity, subependymal nodule formation, dysmorphic astrocyte differentiation and dendritic malformation have been described for patients and animal models. However, downstream networks affected in the developing brain by hyperactivated mTOR signaling have yet to be characterized. Here, we present an integrated analysis of transcriptomes and proteomes generated from wild-type and Tsc1/Emx1-Cre forebrains. This led to comprehensive lists of genes and proteins whose expression levels were altered by hyperactivated mTOR signaling. Further incorporation of TSC patient data followed by functional enrichment and network analyses pointed to changes in molecular components and cellular processes associated with neuronal differentiation and morphogenesis as the key downstream events underlying developmental and morphological defects in TSC. Our results provide novel and fundamental molecular bases for understanding hyperactivated mTOR signaling-induced brain defects which can in turn facilitate identification of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for mTOR signaling-related neurological disorders.
Safety and Efficacy of a New Smartphone-controlled Vibrating Capsule on Defecation in Beagles
Authors: Yu Jin , Qian Yang-Yang , He Chao-Hui , Zhu Shu-Guang , Zhao An-Jing , Zhu Qian-Qian , Shao Cheng-Wei , Wang Tie-Gong , Wang Yang , Ding Gui-Ling , Liao Zhuan , Li Zhao-Shen
Published: May 2017

Constipation, mainly manifesting as abdominal discomfort and painful defecation, is considered as a chronic disorder. Due to a lack of effective therapy, it imposes a significant economic burden and greatly impacts patients’ quality of life which prompt searches for new, original approaches. Based on the research of vibrating capsule (VC) carried out by Ron et al., we investigated the safety and efficacy of an innovative, multi-mode VC in terms of its effect on defecation in animal studies. The parameters associated with different operation modes of VCs can be detected and adjusted by smartphone controlled external configuration device (ECD). The results of blood tests, physiological parameters, CT scan and pathological examination showed no significant abnormality, which undoubtedly confirmed the safety of VCs. For efficacy studies, defecation frequency of beagles increased after administration of these capsules without influence on stool characters. Meanwhile, the mean time of capsule evacuation tended to be reduced while showing no significant difference between different modes. In summary, this study elucidates the safety and effectiveness of VC in prompting the passage of gastrointestinal walls thus greatly increasing the defecation frequency. This study innovatively displays the promising application of VC in the treatment of constipation.
Low frequency of NS5A relevant resistance-associated substitutions to Elbasvir among hepatitis C virus genotype 1a in Spain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Palladino Claudia , Sánchez-Carrillo Marta , Mate-Cano Irene , Vázquez-Morón Sonia , Jimenez-Sousa Ma Ángeles , Gutiérrez-Rivas Mónica , Resino Salvador , Briz Verónica
Published: May 2017

Relevant resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) to elbasvir, the new HCV NS5A inhibitor, may limit its efficacy and lead to virological failure in HCV-GT1a-infected patients. There are few data outside clinical trials evaluating their prevalence and impact of elbasvir/grazoprevir. A multicenter cross-sectional study of 617 HCV-GT1a-infected individuals attended in 84 Spanish hospitals from the 17 Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous cities was performed. HCV population sequencing was used to identify RASs to elbasvir and the mutational pattern and drug sensitivity were confirmed by geno2pheno[HCV]. Viruses bearing RASs to elbasvir were present in 6.2% of HCV-GT1a infected patients. The most common RASs were the Y93C/H/N and Q30E/H/R (2.4% and 2.3%; respectively). Only 3.4% of patients had viruses with RASs that confer reduced susceptibility to elbasvir by geno2pheno[HCV] that identified exclusively the positions Q30H/R (n = 7) and Y93C/H/N (n = 8) as single mutations and Q30H + Y93H (n = 4) and Q30R + Y93H (n = 2) as double mutations considered as RASs to elbasvir. Lower prevalence of RASs to elbasvir in our HCV-GT1a-Spanish cohort was observed than reported previously in clinical trials. This information may be essential to guiding the implementation of elbasvir/grazoprevir in Spain, expected at the beginning of 2017 and the management of GT1a-infected patients.
Photoswitchable phospholipid FRET acceptor: Detergent free intermembrane transfer assay of fluorescent lipid analogs
Authors: Sumi Mariko , Makino Asami , Inaba Takehiko , Sako Yasushi , Fujimori Fumihiro , Greimel Peter , Kobayashi Toshihide
Published: May 2017

We have developed and characterized a novel photoswitchable phospholipid analog termed N-nitroBIPS-DPPG. The fluorescence can be switched on and off repeatedly with minimal photobleaching by UV or visible light exposure, respectively. The rather large photochromic head group is inserted deeply into the interfacial membrane region conferring a conical overall lipid shape, preference for a positive curvature and only minimal intermembrane transfer. Utilizing the switchable NBD fluorescence quenching ability of N-nitroBIPS-DPPG, a detergent free intermembrane transfer assay system for NBD modified lipids was demonstrated and validated. As NBD quenching can be turned off, total NBD associated sample fluorescence can be determined without the need of detergents. This not only reduces detergent associated systematic errors, but also simplifies assay handling and allows assay extension to detergent insoluble lipid species.
PHLDA3 impedes somatic cell reprogramming by activating Akt-GSK3β pathway
Authors: Qiao Mengran , Wu Mian , Shi Ronghua , Hu Wanglai
Published: May 2017

Reprogramming of adult somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells holds great promise in clinical therapy. Increasing evidences have shown that p53 and its target genes play important roles in somatic cell reprogramming. In this study, we report that PHLDA3, a p53 target gene, functions as a blockage of iPSCs generation by activating the Akt-GSK3β pathway. Furthermore, PHLDA3 is found to be transcriptionally regulated by Oct4. These findings reveal that PHLDA3 acts as a new member of the regulatory network of somatic cell reprogramming.
Single-axon level morphological analysis of corticofugal projection neurons in mouse barrel field
Authors: Guo Congdi , Peng Jie , Zhang Yalun , Li Anan , Li Yuxin , Yuan Jing , Xu Xiaofeng , Ren Miao , Gong Hui , Chen Shangbin
Published: May 2017

Corticofugal projection neurons are key components in connecting the neocortex and the subcortical regions. In the barrel field, these neurons have various projection targets and play crucial roles in the rodent whisker sensorimotor system. However, the projection features of corticofugal projection neurons at the single-axon level are far from comprehensive elucidation. Based on a brain-wide positioning system with high-resolution imaging for Thy1-GFP M-line mice brains, we reconstructed and analyzed more than one hundred corticofugal projection neurons in both layer V and VI of barrel cortex. The dual-color imaging made it possible to locate the neurons’ somata, trace their corresponding dendrites and axons and then distinguish the neurons as L5 type I/II or L6 type. The corticofugal projection pattern showed significant diversity across individual neurons. Usually, the L5 type I neurons have greater multi-region projection potential. The thalamus and the midbrain are the most frequent projection targets among the investigated multidirectional projection neurons, and the hypothalamus is particularly unique in that it only appears in multidirectional projection situations. Statistically, the average branch length of apical dendrites in multi-region projection groups is larger than that of single-region projection groups. This study demonstrated a single-axon-level analysis for barrel corticofugal projection neurons, which could provide a micro-anatomical basis for interpreting whisker sensorimotor circuit function.
Diagnostic Performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Negative 131I-WBS at first Postablation, Negative Tg and Progressively Increased TgAb Level
Authors: Qiu Zhong-Ling , Wei Wei-Jun , Shen Chen-Tian , Song Hong-Jun , Zhang Xin-Yun , Sun Zhen-Kui , Luo Quan-Yong
Published: May 2017

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with negative serum thyroglobulin (Tg), negative 131I whole–body scintigraphy (131I-WBS) at first post-ablation and progressively increased TgAb level are a relatively rare entity in the follow-up after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy. The value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting the recurrence of disease in these patients has only been reported in a small case series. The goal of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting recurrent disease in these specific PTC patients and to identify risk factors for patients with positive 18F-FDG PET/CT results. Eighty-two PTC patients who had 18F-FDG PET/CT scans with negative Tg, negative 131I-WBS at first post-ablation and progressively increased TgAb levels were included. We found that the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in this patient group were determined as 84%, 72%, 92%, 57% and 82%, respectively. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan had a good diagnostic performance and should be performed routinely in PTC patients with negative Tg, negative 131I-WBS at first postablation and progressively increased TgAb level, especially when span for progressively increased TgAb level ≥ 3 years and/or progressively increased TgAb value up to 150 IU/mL.
Relaxing learned constraints through cathodal tDCS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Luft Caroline Di Bernardi , Zioga Ioanna , Banissy Michael J. , Bhattacharya Joydeep
Published: May 2017

We solve problems by applying previously learned rules. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a pivotal role in automating this process of rule induction. Despite its usual efficiency, this process fails when we encounter new problems in which past experience leads to a mental rut. Learned rules could therefore act as constraints which need to be removed in order to change the problem representation for producing the solution. We investigated the possibility of suppressing the DLPFC by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to facilitate such representational change. Participants solved matchstick arithmetic problems before and after receiving cathodal, anodal or sham tDCS to the left DLPFC. Participants who received cathodal tDCS were more likely to solve the problems that require the maximal relaxation of previously learned constraints than the participants who received anodal or sham tDCS. We conclude that cathodal tDCS over the left DLPFC might facilitate the relaxation of learned constraints, leading to a successful representational change.
PKM2 promotes cell migration and inhibits autophagy by mediating PI3K/AKT activation and contributes to the malignant development of gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Chao , Jiang Jinling , Ji Jun , Cai Qu , Chen Xuehua , Yu Yingyan , Zhu Zhenggang , Zhang Jun
Published: May 2017

Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key kinase of glycolysis and is characteristic of all proliferating cells. The role of PKM2 in gastric cancer (GC) is still ambiguous and yet to be determined. To better understand the role of PKM2 in both the migration and invasion of GC, we measured the expression of PKM2 in GC cell lines using qRT-PCR and western blot. The prognostic value of PKM2 was analyzed by Immunohistochemistry in a cohort containing 88 GC patients. PKM2 was knocked down by the short hairpin RNA plasmid vector in NCI-N87 and BGC-823 cells, and the biological behavior and downstream signaling pathways were also investigated in vitro. Subcutaneous xenografts and pulmonary metastases models were constructed in nude mice to compare the differences in tumorgenesis and metastasis after Knockdown of PKM2. Our results obtained from in vitro cell biological behavior, in vivo tumorigenicity studies, and primary GC samples revealed an oncogenic role for PKM2 in GC. Furthermore, for those GC patients who received radical resection, PKM2 might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and target which would allow for a brand new treatment strategy for GC in the clinical settings.
Aureobasidium pullulans produced β-glucan is effective to enhance Kurosengoku soybean extract induced Thrombospondin-1 expression
Authors: Muramatsu Daisuke , Okabe Mitsuyasu , Takaoka Akinori , Kida Hiroshi , Iwai Atsushi
Published: May 2017

Black yeast,Aureobasidium pullulansis extracellularly produced β-(1,3), (1,6)-D-glucan (β-glucan) under certain conditions. In this study, usingGlycine maxcv. Kurosengoku (Kurosengoku soybeans), the production of β-glucan through fermentation ofA.pullulanswas evaluated, and the effects ofA.pullulanscultured fluid (AP-CF) containing β-glucan made with Kurosengoku soybeans (kAP-CF) on a human monocyte derived cell line, Mono Mac 6 cells were investigated. Concentration of β-glucan in kAP-CF reached the same level as normal AP-CF. An anti-angiogenic protein, Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) was effectively induced after the stimulation with kAP-CF for comparison with AP-CF. The THBS1 is also induced after stimulation with hot water extract of Kurosengoku soybeans (KS-E), while the combined stimulation of β-glucan with KS-E more effectively induced THBS1 than that with KS-E alone. These results suggest effects ofA.pullulans-produced β-glucan on the enhancement of Kurosengoku soybean-induced THBS1 expression.
A semi high-throughput method for screening small bispecific antibodies with high cytotoxicity
Authors: Sugiyama Aruto , Umetsu Mitsuo , Nakazawa Hikaru , Niide Teppei , Onodera Tomoko , Hosokawa Katsuhiro , Hattori Shuhei , Asano Ryutaro , Kumagai Izumi
Published: May 2017

Small bispecific antibodies that induce T-cell–mediated cytotoxicity have the potential to damage late-stage tumor masses to a clinically relevant degree, but their cytotoxicity is critically dependent on their structural and functional properties. Here, we constructed an optimized procedure for identifying highly cytotoxic antibodies from a variety of the T-cell–recruiting antibodies engineered from a series of antibodies against cancer antigens of epidermal growth factor receptor family and T-cell receptors. By developing and applying a set of rapid operations for expression vector construction and protein preparation, we screened the cytotoxicity of 104 small antibodies with diabody format and identified some with 103-times higher cytotoxicity than that of previously reported active diabody. The results demonstrate that cytotoxicity is enhanced by synergistic effects between the target, epitope, binding affinity, and the order of heavy-chain and light-chain variable domains. We demonstrate the importance of screening to determine the critical rules for highly cytotoxic antibodies.
Phylogenetic evidence that both ancient vicariance and dispersal have contributed to the biogeographic patterns of anchialine cave shrimps
Authors: Jurado-Rivera José A. , Pons Joan , Alvarez Fernando , Botello Alejandro , Humphreys William F. , Page Timothy J. , Iliffe Thomas M. , Willassen Endre , Meland Kenneth , Juan Carlos , Jaume Damià
Published: May 2017

Cave shrimps from the generaTyphlatya,StygiocarisandTyphlopatsa(Atyidae) are restricted to specialised coastal subterranean habitats or nearby freshwaters and have a highly disconnected distribution (Eastern Pacific, Caribbean, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Madagascar, Australia). The combination of a wide distribution and a limited dispersal potential suggests a large-scale process has generated this geographic pattern. Tectonic plates that fragment ancestral ranges (vicariance) has often been assumed to cause this process, with the biota as passive passengers on continental blocks. The ancestors of these cave shrimps are believed to have inhabited the ancient Tethys Sea, with three particular geological events hypothesised to have led to their isolation and divergence; (1) the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, (2) the breakup of Gondwana, and (3) the closure of the Tethys Seaway. We test the relative contribution of vicariance and dispersal in the evolutionary history of this group using mitochondrial genomes to reconstruct phylogenetic and biogeographic scenarios with fossil-based calibrations. Given that the Australia/Madagascar shrimp divergence postdates the Gondwanan breakup, our results suggest both vicariance (the Atlantic opening) and dispersal. The Tethys closure appears not to have been influential, however we hypothesise that changing marine currents had an important early influence on their biogeography.
Capping Enzyme mRNA-cap/RNGTT Regulates Hedgehog Pathway Activity by Antagonizing Protein Kinase A
Authors: Chen Ping , Zhou Zizhang , Yao Xia , Pang Shu , Liu Meijing , Jiang Weirong , Jiang Jin , Zhang Qing
Published: May 2017

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a pivotal role in animal development and its deregulation in humans causes birth defects and several types of cancer. Protein Kinase A (PKA) modulates Hh signaling activity through phosphorylating the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci) and G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family protein Smoothened (Smo) in Drosophila, but how PKA activity is regulated remains elusive. Here, we identify a novel regulator of the Hh pathway, the capping-enzyme mRNA-cap, which positively regulates Hh signaling activity through modulating PKA activity. We provide genetic and biochemical evidence that mRNA-cap inhibits PKA kinase activity to promote Hh signaling. Interestingly, regulation of Hh signaling by mRNA-cap depends on its cytoplasmic capping-enzyme activity. In addition, we show that the mammalian homolog of mRNA-cap, RNGTT, can replace mRNA-cap to play the same function in the Drosophila Hh pathway and that knockdown of Rngtt in cultured mammalian cells compromised Shh pathway activity, suggesting that RNGTT is functionally conserved. Our study makes an unexpected link between the mRNA capping machinery and the Hh signaling pathway, unveils a new facet of Hh signaling regulation, and reveals a potential drug target for modulating Hh signaling activity.
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: real-time, proximal sample processing and ionization
Authors: Javanshad R. , Venter A. R.
Published: May 2017

A review of ambient ionization mass spectrometry highlighting the central role of sample preparation immediate to and during sample analysis.
Modeling the absorption spectrum of the permanganate ion in vacuum and in aqueous solution
Authors: Olsen Jógvan Magnus Haugaard , Hedegård Erik Donovan
Published: May 2017

The absorption spectrum of MnO4− in vacuum and aqueous solution is modeled using the range-separated complete active space short-range density functional theory method (CAS-srDFT) combined with either implicit (PCM) or explicit (PE) solvent models. The experimental vacuum-to-water solvent shift of the lowest intense transition is reproduced by PE-CAS-srDFT.
Fingerprints of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in saligenin–water clusters revealed by mid- and far-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Bakker Daniël J. , Dey Arghya , Tabor Daniel P. , Ong Qin , Mahé Jérôme , Gaigeot Marie-Pierre , Sibert Edwin L. , Rijs Anouk M.
Published: May 2017

Saligenin (2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol) exhibits both strong and weak intramolecular electrostatic interactions.
Potential energy construction in the diabatic picture for quantum mechanical rate constants of intermolecular proton transfer
Authors: Hori Yuta , Ida Tomonori , Mizuno Motohiro
Published: May 2017

We propose a simple method for potential construction in the diabatic picture and the estimation of thermal rate constants for intermolecular proton transfer reactions using quantum dynamics simulations carried out on the constructed potentials.
Details make the difference: a family of tetranuclear CuIIMnIII complexes with cube-like and double open cube-like cores
Authors: Stetsiuk Oleh , Nesterova Oksana V. , Kokozay Vladimir N. , Domasevitch Kostiantyn V. , Omelchenko Iryna V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Vranovičová Beata , Boča Roman , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , Petrusenko Svitlana R.
Published: May 2017

Syntheses, crystal structures and magnetostructural correlations of novel CuIIMnIII complexes are discussed.
Intercalation of solvated Na-ions into graphite
Authors: Seidl L. , Bucher N. , Chu E. , Hartung S. , Martens S. , Schneider O. , Stimming U.
Published: May 2017

The reversible intercalation of solvated Na-ions into graphite and the concomitant formation of ternary Na–graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are studied using severalin operandotechniques, such as X-ray-diffraction (XRD), electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM) and the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance technique (EQCM).
A near-infrared non-fullerene electron acceptor for high performance polymer solar cells
Authors: Li Yongxi , Zhong Lian , Gautam Bhoj , Bin Hai-Jun , Lin Jiu-Dong , Wu Fu-Peng , Zhang Zhanjun , Jiang Zuo-Quan , Zhang Zhi-Guo , Gundogdu Kenan , Li Yongfang , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: May 2017

Low-bandgap polymers/molecules are an interesting family of semiconductor materials, and have enabled many recent exciting breakthroughs in the field of organic electronics, especially for organic photovoltaics (OPVs).
2D boron nitride nanoflakes as a multifunctional additive in gel polymer electrolytes for safe, long cycle life and high rate lithium metal batteries
Authors: Shim Jimin , Kim Hee Joong , Kim Byoung Gak , Kim Yong Seok , Kim Dong-Gyun , Lee Jong-Chan
Published: May 2017

Highly dendrite-suppressing gel polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries are presented utilizing perfluoropolyether-functionalized 2D boron nitride nanoflakes as a multifunctional additive.
Structure-designed synthesis of FeS2@C yolk–shell nanoboxes as a high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Zhiming , Lu Tianchi , Song Taeseup , Yu Xin-Yao , Lou Xiong Wen (David) , Paik Ungyu
Published: May 2017

Rationally designed FeS2@carbon yolk–shell nanoboxes exhibit impressive electrochemical performance when evaluated as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
An engineering design approach to systems biology
Authors: Janes Kevin A. , Chandran Preethi L. , Ford Roseanne M. , Lazzara Matthew J. , Papin Jason A. , Peirce Shayn M. , Saucerman Jeffrey J. , Lauffenburger Douglas A.
Published: May 2017

An engineering approach to systems biology applies educational philosophy, engineering design, and predictive models to solve contemporary problems in biomedicine.
Reductive dissolution of supergrowth carbon nanotubes for tougher nanocomposites by reactive coagulation spinning
Authors: Clancy A. J. , Anthony D. B. , Fisher S. J. , Leese H. S. , Roberts C. S. , Shaffer M. S. P.
Published: May 2017

Supergrowth CNTs are individualised in NaNp/DMAc and incorporated into nanocomposite fibres with increased toughness without decreasing strength or modulus.
Dynamic glycosylation of liposomes by thioester exchange
Authors: Moratz Johanna , Klepel Florian , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: May 2017

Dynamic covalent glycosylation of liposomes via thiol–thioester exchange of membrane embedded amphiphilic thioesters gives rise to a simple glycocalyx model that can recognize lectins.
pH-Sensitive amphiphilic block-copolymers for transport and controlled release of oxygen
Authors: Patil Y. , Almahdali S. , Vu K. B. , Zapsas G. , Hadjichristidis N. , Rodionov V. O.
Published: May 2017

The synthesis of a library of amphiphilic-fluorous block-copolymers is described, and the capacity of these copolymers for oxygen transport in water is systematically investigated. The release of O2from some of the polymer dispersions could be triggered simply by changing the pH of the solution.
Triple zirconocene/brønsted acid/CuO cooperative and relay catalysis system for tandem Mannich addition/C–C formative cyclization/oxidation
Authors: Luo Yanlong , Sun Huaming , Zhang Weiqiang , Wang Xiu , Xu Shan , Zhang Guofang , Jian Yajun , Gao Ziwei
Published: May 2017

Triple zirconocene/brønsted acid/CuO cooperative and relay catalysis system for tandem Mannich addition/C–C formative cyclization/oxidation.
Non-isocyanate polyurethane/epoxy hybrid materials with different and controlled architectures prepared from a CO2-sourced monomer and epoxy via an environmentally-friendly route
Authors: Ke Jiexi , Li Xiaoyun , Wang Feng , Jiang Shuai , Kang Maoqing , Wang Junwei , Li Qifeng , Wang Zhijie
Published: May 2017

A series of polyurethane/epoxy hybrid materials with different and controlled architectures were prepared by a non-isocyanate route. The properties and architectures of materials were regulated by adjusting the ratio and type of amine.
Preparation of PEG materials for constructing complex structures by stereolithographic 3D printing
Authors: Seo Hyein , Heo Seong Gil , Lee Hyemin , Yoon Hyunsik
Published: May 2017

We raise issues regarding the 3D printing of complex structures using UV-curable materials. Models of failures based on the transparency of the UV-curable materials, high absorption not reaching the upper parts, and mechanical failure are discussed.
A monolithic air cathode derived from bamboo for microbial fuel cells
Authors: Yang Wei , Li Jun , Zhang Liang , Zhu Xun , Liao Qiang
Published: May 2017

A carbonized bamboo charcoal tube was used as the air-cathode in MFC to obtain a high power output.
A single fluorescent chemosensor for multiple targets of Cu2+, Fe2+/3+ and Al3+ in living cells and a near-perfect aqueous solution
Authors: Jo Tae Geun , Jung Jae Min , Han Jiyeon , Lim Mi Hee , Kim Cheal
Published: May 2017

A naphthol-based chemosensor 1 was developed for detection of Cu2+ and Fe2+/3+ by fluorescence quenching and Al3+ by fluorescence emission change.
Changes in visual/spatial and analytic strategy use in organic chemistry with the development of expertise
Authors: Vlacholia Maria , Vosniadou Stella , Roussos Petros , Salta Katerina , Kazi Smaragda , Sigalas Michael , Tzougraki Chryssa
Published: May 2017

We present two studies that investigated the adoption of visual/spatial and analytic strategies by individuals at different levels of expertise in the area of organic chemistry, using the Visual Analytic Chemistry Task (VACT). The VACT allows the direct detection of analytic strategy use without drawing inferences about underlying mental processes. The first study examined the psychometric properties of the VACT and revealed a structure consistent with the hypothesis that it consists of two sub-scales: visual/spatial and analytic. The second study investigated the performance of 285 participants with various levels of expertise in organic chemistry on the VACT. The results showed that the adoption of analytic strategies in organic chemistry, and specifically in molecular structure, was difficult and was systematically used only by the more expert participants. The implications of this research for the teaching of chemistry are discussed.
In situ grown nickel nanoparticles in a calixarene nanoreactor on a graphene–MoS2support for efficient water electrolysis
Authors: Waghmode Babasaheb J. , Bhange Siddheshwar N. , Unni Sreekuttan M. , Patil Kashinath R. , Malkhede Dipalee D.
Published: May 2017

The calixarene laden Gr–MoS2sheets make SC8 as an ideal nanoreactor for the uniform growth of nanometer sized Ni NPs without using any surfactant. The coalescing of the SC8 will form an interconnected network, facilitate rapid electronic transport in electrode reactions and enhances the stability of the GrMoS2SC8Ni nano composite for OER reaction.
Continuous flow photoassisted CO2 methanation
Authors: Albero Josep , Dominguez Esther , Corma Avelino , García Hermenegildo
Published: May 2017

Photoassisted CO2 methanation using Ni–Al2O3/SiO2 as a photoresponsive catalyst has been carried out at 225 °C under continuous flow conditions achieving up to 3.5% conversion of CO2 with complete selectivity to CH4 under 2327 W m−2 irradiation for a contact time of 1.3 s.
n-Type conjugated electrolytes cathode interlayer with thickness-insensitivity for highly efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Xu Guodong , Gao Liang , Xu Haitao , Huang Liqiang , Xie Yuanpeng , Cheng Xiaofang , Li Yongfang , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang
Published: May 2017

These two small conjugated electrolytes with self-doping effect and thick-insensitivity (>30 nm), a notable PCE of 10.2%.
MgFeSiO4 as a potential cathode material for magnesium batteries: ion diffusion rates and voltage trends
Authors: Heath Jennifer , Chen Hungru , Islam M. Saiful
Published: May 2017

Developing rechargeable magnesium batteries has become an area of growing interest as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries largely due to their potential to offer increased energy density from the divalent charge of the Mg ion.
Direct visual detection and quantification of mercury in fresh fish meat using facilely prepared polymeric sensory labels
Authors: Vallejos Saúl , Reglero José Antonio , García Félix Clemente , García José Miguel
Published: May 2017

Direct visual detection and quantification of mercury in fish and water using easily prepared polymeric labels. In fish, the labels can be used directly through contact with fish meal.
Clinical Trial Design for Immune-Based Therapy of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Gill Upkar , Bertoletti Antonio
Published: May 2017

The treatment paradigm in hepatitis B virus is on the cusp of major development, with a multitude of novel agents undergoing testing for clinical efficacy. Such new immune therapies are urgently required for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus. The current direct antiviral therapies, although able to control viral replication and limit the progression to cirrhosis, require lifelong administration due to frequent viral rebound on treatment cessation, and immune modulation with interferon is only effective in a subpopulation of patients. Here the authors discuss novel agents in the pipeline along with whom and how best to utilize these immune therapies to achieve functional cure with defined treatment endpoints in chronic hepatitis B virus.
Treatment of First-Time Perianal Abscess in Childhood, Balance Recurrence and Fistula Formation Rate with Medical Intervention
Authors: Han Meilin , Wu Yibo , Huang Xiong , Xu Wei-Jue , Lv Zhibzo , Gong Zhenhua
Published: May 2017

Purpose Because of differences in therapy for first-time perianal abscess, a wide range of recurrences and/or development of fistula-in-ano (RF) rates have been reported. The indication for determining when surgical intervention is needed remains obscure and controversial. This retrospective study sought to compare outcomes of conservative treatment with those after incision and drainage (ID) to determine the optimal time for surgical intervention.

Methods A total of 697 patients with first-time perianal abscess were included in this study. The median patient age at the time of onset was 129 days (range: 5–5,110 days). The median follow-up period was 395 days (range: 120–760 days).

Results Of the 697 patients with first-time perianal abscess, 355 (50.9%) patients who received conservative treatment had 12.7% (45/355) RF rate, which is less than that of abscesses treated with ID (24.6%, 72/297; p < 0.001). The median course was 23 (2,466) days, which did not differ significantly from that of abscesses with ID (18 [3,510] days) (p = 0.609). Forty-six (6.6%) patients with abscesses that perforated spontaneously had 10.9% (5/46) RF rate, which was less than that of abscesses with ID (p = 0.019), and the median course was 9 (3,316) days, which was shorter than that of abscesses with ID (p = 0.04).

Conclusion Conservative treatment is a safe and effective technique for most first-time perianal abscesses with less recurrence and a lower fistula formation rate. Incision must be performed when an abscess is likely to spread or shows no sign of spontaneous perforation.
Locomotion Mode Affects the Physiological Strain during Exercise at Walk-Run Transition Speed inElderly Men
Authors: Freire Raul , Farinatti Paulo , Cunha Felipe , Silva Brenno , Monteiro Walace
Published: May 2017

This study investigated cardiorespiratory responses and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during prolonged walking and running exercise performed at the walk-run transition speed (WRTS) in untrained healthy elderly men. 20 volunteers (mean±SE, age: 68.4±1.2 yrs; height: 170.0±0.02 cm; body mass: 74.7±2.3 kg) performed the following bouts of exercise: a) maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); b) specific protocol to detect WRTS; and c) two 30-min walking and running bouts at WRTS. Expired gases were collected during exercise bouts via the Ultima CardiO2 metabolic analyzer. Compared to walking, running at the WRTS resulted in higher oxygen uptake (>0.27 L·min−1), pulmonary ventilation (>7.7 L·min−1), carbon dioxide output (>0.23 L·min−1), heart rate (>15 beats·min−1), oxygen pulse (>0.88 15 mL·beats−1), energy expenditure (>27 kcal) and cost of oxygen transport (>43 mL·kg−1·km−1·bout−1). The increase of overall and local RPEs with exercise duration was similar across locomotion modes (P<0.001). In all participants, %HRR and %VO2R throughout walking and running bouts were around or above the gas exchange threshold. In conclusion, elderly men exhibited higher cardiorespiratory responses during 30-min bouts of running than walking at WRTS. Nevertheless, walking corresponded to relative metabolic intensities compatible with preservation or improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness and should be preferable over running at WRTS in the untrained elderly characterized by poor fitness and reduced exercise tolerance.
Primäres gemischtes adeno-neuroendokrines Karzinom (MANEC) der Harnblase – eine seltene Entität
Authors: Eckstein Markus , Rasper Bernd , Busche Jörg , Stachetzki Ulf , Wistuba D. , Agaimy Abbas , Hartmann Arndt , Bertz Simone
Published: May 2017

Ein 67-jähriger Mann stellte sich wegen eines zufällig diagnostizierten Blasentumors im Bereich der Hinterwand zur transurethralen Resektion vor. Bei der initialen histopathologischen Untersuchung wurde die Diagnose eines Adenokarzinoms mit partieller neuroendokriner Differenzierung gestellt. Mittels Röntgen-Thorax und Computertomografie des Abdomens konnte kein anderer Primarius identifiziert werden. Aufgrund der ungewöhnlichen Diagnose wurde der Fall zur konsiliarpathologischen Untersuchung an unser Pathologisches Institut geschickt. Hier wurde die Diagnose eines gemischten adeno-neuroendokrinen Karzinoms der Blase bestätigt. Gemischte adeno-neuroendokrine Karzinome (MANEC) sind seltene Tumore, die meist im Dickdarm auftreten. Nach unserem Wissen präsentieren wir hier den weltweit fünften Fall eines primären MANEC der Harnblase.
Two-stage endoscopic mucosal resection is a safe and effective salvage therapy after a failed single-session approach
Authors: Tate David , Desomer Lobke , Hourigan Luke , Moss Alan , Singh Rajvinder , Bourke Michael
Published: May 2017

Background and study aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of laterally spreading colonic lesions ≥ 20 mm (LSLs) is ideally performed in a single session (ssEMR) and avoids surgery in > 90 % of patients. We investigated whether a second attempt is safe or useful when ssEMR fails at a tertiary center.

Patients and methods In a multicenter prospective observational study of patients with LSL treated by EMR at four tertiary centers over 8 years, incompletely resected LSLs were referred for surgery or underwent two-stage EMR (tsEMR). At tsEMR, the scar was located and all visible residual tissue removed by snare, with thermal treatment permitted thereafter. Scheduled surveillance was performed at 5 months (SC1) and 18 months (SC2). The primary outcome was avoidance of surgery.

Results A total of 1944 LSLs (median size 35 mm) underwent EMR. ssEMR was unsuccessful in 127 lesions, 43 of which underwent tsEMR, with success in 36 (83.7 %). Compared with ssEMR, tsEMR lesions were larger (median size 50 mm vs. 30 mm; P < 0.001), exhibited more submucosal fibrosis (P < 0.001), and histology was more often tubular adenoma and less often serrated (P = 0.005). Lesions mainly required tsEMR for nonlifting (41.9 %) or poor endoscopic access (37.2 %). Failure of tsEMR was predicted by larger LSL (P = 0.03). Safety was comparable to ssEMR. Of the 33 LSLs that underwent tsEMR for benign disease and completed first surveillance, 27 (81.8 %) avoided surgery to long term follow-up.

Conclusions tsEMR shows promise as a salvage therapy for LSLs that cannot be resected in a single session for patients in whom other options such as surgery are not preferred or not possible.

Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01368289).
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: are expanded resection criteria safe for Western patients?
Authors: Probst Andreas , Schneider Annette , Schaller Tina , Anthuber Matthias , Ebigbo Alanna , Messmann Helmut
Published: May 2017

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) fulfilling guideline resection criteria or the expanded resection criteria in Asia. It is unclear whether the expanded criteria can be transferred to European patients, and long-term follow-up data are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term follow-up data after ESD of EGCs in Europe.

Patients and methods Patients with EGC who underwent ESD were included in this single-center study at a German referral center. Patient and lesion characteristics, procedure characteristics, and follow-up data were recorded prospectively.

Results A total of 179 patients with 191 EGCs were included over a period of 141 months, with 29.6 % of lesions meeting guideline criteria and 48.6 % meeting expanded criteria. The en bloc resection rate was 98.4 % for guideline criteria and 89.0 % for expanded criteria lesions (P = 0.09), and the R0 resection rate was 90.2 % and 73.6 %, respectively (P = 0.02). The main reason for the expanded criteria was a lesion diameter > 20 mm (81.6 %). Complications: perforation 1 %, delayed bleeding 6.3 %, stricture 2.1 %, procedure-related mortality 1.1 %. Local recurrence rate was 0 % for guideline criteria and 4.8 % for expanded criteria lesions (P = 0.06), and the rate of metachronous neoplasia was 15.1 % and 7.1 %, respectively (median follow-up 51 and 56 months, respectively); 92.9 % of metachronous neoplasia were treated curatively with repeat ESD. One patient developed lymph node metastasis after ESD of a submucosal invasive expanded criteria lesion. Long-term-survival was comparable between the two criteria (P = 0.58). No gastric cancer-related death was observed in either group.

Conclusions ESD can achieve high rates of long-term curative treatment using the expanded criteria in EGCs in Western countries. We recommend ESD as treatment of choice not only for guideline criteria EGCs but also for intramucosal nonulcerated EGCs regardless of their diameter.
Dissociation cross sections for N2 + N → 3N and O2 + O → 3O using the QCT method
Authors: Mankodi Tapan K. , Bhandarkar Upendra V. , Puranik Bhalchandra P.
Published: May 2017

Cross sections for the homo-nuclear atom-diatom collision induced dissociations (CIDs): N2 + N and O2 + O are calculated using Quasi-Classical Trajectory (QCT) method on ab initio Potential Energy Surfaces (PESs). A number of studies for these reactions carried out in the past focused on the CID cross section values generated using London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato PES and seldom listed the CID cross section data. A highly accurate CASSCF-CASPT2 N3 and a new O3 global PES are used for the present QCT analysis and the CID cross section data up to 30 eV relative energy are also published. In addition, an interpolating scheme based on spectroscopic data is introduced that fits the CID cross section for the entire ro-vibrational spectrum using QCT data generated at chosen ro-vibrational levels. The rate coefficients calculated using the generated CID cross section compare satisfactorily with the existing experimental and theoretical results. The CID cross section data generated will find an application in the development of a more precise chemical reaction model for Direct Simulation Monte Carlo code simulating hypersonic re-entry flows.
A revision of Dolichandrone (Bignoniaceae) in Australia
Authors: Jackes Betsy R.
Published: May 2017

The genus Dolichandrone (Fenzl) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) has been revised for Australia. Five species and one subspecies are recognised and described. Dolichandrone occidentalis Jackes is newly described, as well as a new subspecies D. alternifolia subsp. variabilis Jackes. A key to the species and distribution maps are provided.
Taxonomic resolution of the Tetratheca hirsuta (Elaeocarpaceae) species complex using an integrative approach
Authors: Joyce E. M. , Butcher R. , Byrne M. , Grierson P. F. , Hankinson M. , Thiele K. R.
Published: May 2017

The Tetratheca hirsuta Lindl. species complex from south-west Western Australia is one of the last unresolved complexes in this Australian endemic genus, and comprises the highly variable T. hirsuta, two rare, phrase-named taxa, and the closely allied T. hispidissima Steetz. An integrative approach, incorporating multivariate morphometric analysis and molecular phylogenetic and phenetic analyses of nrDNA (ETS) and cpDNA (ndhF–trnL, rpl16, trnS–trnG5ʹ2S), was used to investigate taxonomic boundaries within the complex. Morphological data showed clear divergence within the complex, and allowed several taxonomically uncertain individuals to be assigned. Phenetic and phylogenetic analyses of ETS showed substantial congruence with morphology, indicating that the groups recognised through morphometric analyses are also genetically divergent. By comparison, the chloroplast regions yielded incongruent gene trees, perhaps owing to incomplete lineage sorting, hybridisation or slow evolution of cpDNA. The present results support the recognition of the following four taxa: a morphologically and geographically expanded T. hispidissima, which is highly divergent from the remainder of the complex, and a closer grouping of T. hirsuta subsp. boonanarring Joyce & R.Butcher subsp. nov., T. hirsuta subsp. viminea (Lindl.) Joyce comb. et stat. nov. and T. hirsuta subsp. hirsuta.
Tropical cyclone activity enhanced by Sahara greening and reduced dust emissions during the African Humid Period
Authors: Pausata Francesco S. R. , Emanuel Kerry A. , Chiacchio Marc , Diro Gulilat T. , Zhang Qiong , Sushama Laxmi , Stager J. Curt , Donnelly Jeffrey P.
Published: May 2017

Significance

Our modeling study shows the crucial role of vegetation cover over the Sahara and reduced dust emission in altering tropical cyclone activity during the mid-Holocene (6,000 yBP). Our results also demonstrate how these regional changes in land cover and dust emission are able to affect areas far afield through changes of large-scale atmospheric circulation. Our study strongly suggests that an appropriate representation of land cover and dust emission is of paramount importance to be able to capture past—and potentially future—climate changes.
Myosin Va’s adaptor protein melanophilin enforces track selection on the microtubule and actin networks in vitro
Authors: Oberhofer Angela , Spieler Peter , Rosenfeld Yuliya , Stepp Willi L. , Cleetus Augustine , Hume Alistair N. , Mueller-Planitz Felix , Ökten Zeynep
Published: May 2017

Significance

Inner organization of eukaryotic cells intimately depends on the active transport of diverse intracellular cargo on the ubiquitous actin and microtubule networks. The underlying mechanisms of such directional transport processes have been of outstanding interest. We studied a motor complex composed of Rab27a, melanophilin, and myosin Va and found, surprisingly, that the adaptor protein melanophilin toggled the binding preference toward actin or microtubules in vitro. Our results offer unexpected mechanistic insights into biasing the directionality of a moving organelle on the cytoskeleton through phospho-targeting the adaptor protein rather than its motor in vivo.