bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The CFD simulation of the flow structure in the sewage pump
Authors: Oleksandr Moloshnyi , Przemyslaw Szulc
Published: October 2018

The article presents the results of experimental and numerical tests of a sewage pump. As the object of the research, the single blade impeller was taken into consideration. The primary aim of the project was to investigate the flow structure in the submersible one channel sewage pump by means of the CFD methods. The numerical results were verified on the basis of comparison with experimental results obtained for the real pump. The numerical model was built with good accuracy to the reality and the flow was recognized, which allows creating a new explanation of the working process of the single blade impeller pumps and indicate the possibility of the improvement of the analyzed object. The head curve is characterized by smaller steepness than the results of the experimental tests and the difference, for the best point equals less than 10%. Transient simulation presented fluctuation of the head and power during the impeller rotation cycle. They are 4 m for head and mechanical power – 1 kW. The flow inside the pump was conscientiously analyzed. Pressure and velocity distribution as well as radial hydrodynamic force were presented in the paper.
Blowing Smoke? How Early-Stage Investors Interpret Hopeful Discourse within Entrepreneurially Oriented Business Plans
Authors: Wales William , Cox Kevin C. , Lortie Jason , Sproul Curtis R.
Published: October 2018

This study examines how written expressions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and hope may affect investor evaluations of funding potential in business plan competitions. To understand why some firms are evaluated more favorably, we combine screening and signaling theory when analyzing early-stage venture-investor communication. Findings support that expressions of EO while business planning contribute to greater expressions of hope to cope with the Knightian uncertainty when developing new business models. Results suggest that the impact of hopeful dialogue on investor impressions of fundability critically depends upon the presence or absence of past founder financial investment. Implications for future research are discussed.
A review of the definition and scope of practice of midwives in five representative countries
Authors: Li Jie , Lu Hong , Hou Rui
Published: October 2018

Objective

To review the definition and scope of the practice of midwives in Sweden, Finland, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia to find models and make suggestions for reforms in the midwifery policies of China.

Methods

This article reviewed the midwifery policies published by authorities, organizations, and governments of these countries and relevant literature in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang database.

Results

The definition and scope of practice of midwives in five representative countries and China were reviewed. The similarities and differences in midwifery policies among them show that most countries set standards based on the definition and scope of practice of midwives recommended by International Confederation of Midwives.

Conclusions

The definition of midwives should include registration, midwifery education, and acceptance standards. The scope of practice of midwives should specify an autonomous environment, the objective of care, the period of care involved, prescribing rights, emergency treatment, and health counseling.
Combining Ability of Sunflower Inbred Lines under Drought Stress
Authors: Ghaffari Mehdi , Shariati Farnaz
Published: October 2018

Sixteen sunflower hybrids obtained by crossing between four CMS and four restorer lines as tester were evaluated for combining abilities of agronomic traits under optimum and water limited conditions using line×tester mating design. There was considerable variability among genotypes for the traits in both normal and stressed experiments. The results indicated that the lines AGK344 and AGK148 with suitable GCA for early maturity and plant height respectively and AGK52 for oil content and seed and oil yield were desirable combiner under both optimum and stressed condition. In other hand, AGK344 expressed a significant GCA for plant height in suitable direction under stressed condition. Among the testers RGK26 and RGK56 had suitable GCA for days to maturity under both conditions. RGK56 and RGK26 were appropriate combiner for oil content under optimum and water stressed conditions respectively the later had desired GCA for seed and oil yield under water stressed condition too. According to the results, there was differentiate GCA of testers for days to flowering, seed weight and oil content in normal and stressed condition. Differential expressions of GCA in parent inbred lines indicated that selection of restorer lines for the agronomic traits would be more efficient than the selection of CMS lines. It is concluded that heritability of a trait determines the kind of SCA in response to different environments and the SCA effects are more stable for traits with higher heritability.
Dynamic characteristics of the mitochondrial genome in SCNT pigs
Authors: Yin Tao , Wang Jikun , Xiang Hai , Pinkert Carl A. , Li Qiuyan , Zhao Xingbo
Published: October 2018

Most animals generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) are heteroplasmic; inheriting mitochondrial genetics from both donor cells and recipient oocytes. However, the mitochondrial genome and functional mitochondrial gene expression in SCNT animals are rarely studied. Here, we report the production of SCNT pigs to study introduction, segregation, persistence and heritability of mitochondrial DNA transfer during the SCNT process. Porcine embryonic fibroblast cells from male and female Xiang pigs were transferred into enucleated oocytes from Yorkshire or Landrace pigs. Ear biopsies and blood samples from SCNT-derived pigs were analyzed to characterize the mitochondrial genome haplotypes and the degree of mtDNA heteroplasmy. Presence of nuclear donor mtDNA was less than 5% or undetectable in ear biopsies and blood samples in the majority of SCNT-derived pigs. Yet, nuclear donor mtDNA abundance in 14 tissues in F0 boars was as high as 95%. Additionally, mtDNA haplotypes influenced mitochondrial respiration capacity in F0 fibroblast cells. Our results indicate that the haplotypes of recipient oocyte mtDNA can influence mitochondrial function. This leads us to hypothesize that subtle developmental influences from SCNT-derived heteroplasmy can be targeted when using donor and recipient mitochondrial populations from breeds of swine with limited evolutionary divergence.
Masturbación, cuerpo masculino y fecundidad en un romance de Lorca
Authors: Mestres Bienvenido Morros
Published: October 2018

Lorca introduce una novedad importante en su versión de la historia bíblica sobre Amnón y Tamar: la escena de la masturbación de Amnón inmediatamente antes de la violación de su hermanastra. El poeta granadino incluye esa escena en su romance pensando en la fertilidad del príncipe israelí y en el embarazo de Tamar, de acuerdo con algunas de las versiones del romancero tradicional sobre los hermanastros: reviste la escena de cierto culto dionisíaco, al emplear la yedra como metáfora del 'semen', y otorga al protagonista una función opuesta a la de Onán al prolongar su masturbación en la violación para poder fecundar no a su cuñada sino a su hermanastra.
Gender differences in concussion-related knowledge, attitudes and reporting-behaviours among high school student-athletes
Authors: Sullivan Lindsay , Molcho Michal
Published: October 2018

Background/aim

Sport-related concussion is associated with various short- and long-term health consequences, especially among adolescent athletes. Yet, many concussions go unreported and/or unrecognised. The purpose of this study was to assess high school athletes’ concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, intentions and reporting behaviours, and to explore whether gender differences are evident.

Methods

A total of 435 high school athletes (52.2% female; mean age, 14.55 ± 1.67 years) participated in the survey. Questions assessed athletes’ knowledge, attitudes, reporting intention and reporting behaviours, in respect to sports-related concussion. Comparisons between male and female athletes were explored using Mann-Whitney tests and chi-squared (χ2) tests as appropriate.

Results

We found that 60% of the participants stated that they have played in practice or during a game (this season) with concussion symptoms. Males expressed more negative outcomes of concussion reporting and lower concussion reporting intention, compared to females. We found no significant gender differences in concussion-reporting behaviours.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that knowledge, favourable attitudes towards reporting and reporting intention alone are not enough to create an environment that encourages the disclosure of concussion symptoms. Health promotion communication campaigns, coupled with concussion education and awareness programmes, should be utilised to further highlight the importance of timely concussion management, and to create a culture in which the reporting of concussion is considered normative.
BAHALA NA: In Search of an “Ordinary Theology” for the Filipino Diaspora
Authors: Rebustillo Rowan Lopez
Published: October 2018

In the contemporary theological landscape Filipino theology has remained marginal compared to Latin-American theologies. Hence, this paper attempts to present Bahala Na as a Filipino articulation of Astley’s Ordinary Theology in the context of Filipino diaspora. With this, we assert that the importance of ordinary Filipino migrants’ input in the current theological enterprise cannot be overlooked because the churches in the world are now phenomenally populated by the millions of Filipinos who possess a unique faith that has sustained them amidst the precariousness of their diasporic life. We believe that ignorance of this inculturated theology is ignorance of the real essence of “catholic” theology.
Die Praktische Theologie in Japan heute
Authors: Kato Tsuneaki
Published: October 2018

This report on Practical Theology in Japan begins with a biographical account of the discipline’s history and current situation. The author reviews more than 50 years of experience with homiletic and poimenic theory and practice (I.) Practical Theology is described as a component of missiology and as essentially missional (II. and III.). Protestant Practical Theology in Japan was heavily influenced by theology from German-speaking countries during the 1950 s and 1960 s, but particularly American theology gained influence, subsequently (VI.). In both cases, the inculturation of Christianity and Practical Theology proves to be a central issue (V.). The article concludes with a brief review of institutions and protagonists in Japanese Practical Theology today (VII.) and with a summary (VIII.).
Clinical assessment of arthritic knee pain by infrared thermography
Authors: Fokam Danielle , Lehmann Christian
Published: October 2018

Background

Infrared thermography (IRT) provides accurate measurements of surface temperatures. In inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, tissue temperature is elevated, which can be measured on the periarticular skin surface by IRT. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence for the relationship between skin temperature (measured by IRT) and arthritic knee pain and discuss the limitations of IRT in clinical settings of arthritis.

Method

To reach this goal, a mini-review of all the relevant papers indexed in PubMed was conducted.

Results

Several studies suggest a significant correlation between skin temperature assessed by IRT and the severity of arthritic knee pain (especially in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis).

Conclusion

IRT is a reliable technique to assess inflammatory arthritis pain.
Analysis of Optical Backbone Fiber and Trace Report of Break Fiber by Using Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Authors: Pandi Nandhakumar , Naragund Mohasin
Published: October 2018

Now a day all the telecommunication industries are using fibers for faster data communication and long distance communication. Fibers use light as the information and it is carried over long distances. Optical fiber has large advantages over a copper and co-axial cable because of its lower attenuation and interference. Optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) is also one of the important devices using in telecommunication industries to characterize an optical fiber. This article deals with the study of long distance backbone single mode fiber and their features are discussed with the use of an OTDR. The results of this article focused on the losses and breaks of the fiber with the events. The Single mode OTDR is used to find the events, losses and breaks of the backbone fiber between the two locations. This work will give a way to study the nature of optical fibers and understand the practical application of optical fiber communication.
Multiperiodic nanohole array for high precision sensing
Authors: Blanchard-Dionne Andre-Pierre , Meunier Michel
Published: October 2018

In this article, we present a multiperiodic nanohole array structure for improved sensing. The structure consists a series of rows of nanoholes, each having a different period in an ascending order. A monochromatic source illuminates the structure, and a resonance condition is met for the row having a momentum matching Bloch wave, which leads to extraordinary optical transmission. With this new plasmonic structure, the sensing signal can be retrieved using the spatial position of the transmission maxima. This setup requires a simple optical setup while achieving increased resolution and accuracy. A resolution of 4.6×10−6 refractive index units is achieved, which is comparable to surface plasmon resonance system based on the Kretchmann configuration.
Biplot Yield Analysis of Heat-Tolerant Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Multiple Growing Environments
Authors: Hossain Akbar , Farhad M. , Jahan M.A.H.S. , Mahboob M. Golam , Timsina Jagadish , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: October 2018

It is important to identify and develop stable wheat varieties that can grow under heat stress. This important issue was addressed in Bangladesh using six wheat genotypes, including three existing elite cultivars (‘BARI Gom 26’, ‘BARI Gom 27’, ‘BARI Gom 28’) and three advanced lines (‘BAW 1130’, ‘BAW 1138’, ‘BAW 1140’). Six sowing dates, namely early sowing (ES) (10 November), optimum sowing (OS) (20 November), slightly late sowing (SLS) (30 November), late sowing (LS) (10 December), very late sowing (VLS) (20 December) and extremely late sowing (ELS) (30 December) were assessed over two years in four locations, representative of the diversity in Bangladesh’s agro-ecological zones. In a split plot design, sowing dates were allocated as main plots and genotypes as subplots. A GGE biplot analysis was applied to identify heat tolerance and to select and recommend genotypes for cultivation in heat-prone zones. All tested genotypes gave greatest grain yield (GY) after OS, followed by SLS, ES and LS, while VLS and ELS gave smallest GY. When GY and the correlations between GY and stress tolerance indices were considered, ‘BAW 1140’, ‘BARI Gom 28’ and ‘BARI Gom26’ performed best under heat stress, regardless of location or sowing date. In contrast, ‘BARI Gom 27’ and ‘BAW 1130’ were susceptible to heat stress in all locations in both years. Ranking of genotypes and environments using GGE biplot analysis for yield stability showed ‘BAW1140’ to be most stable, followed by ‘BARI Gom 28’ and ‘BARI Gom 26’. Wheat sown on November 20 resulted in highest GY but that sown on December 30 resulted in lowest GY in both years. In conclusion, ‘BAW 1140’, ‘BARI Gom 28’ and ‘BARI Gom 26’ are the recommended wheat genotypes for use under prevailing conditions in Bangladesh.
Conventional Figurative Language Theory and idiom motivation
Authors: Dobrovol’skij Dmitrij , Piirainen Elisabeth
Published: October 2018

The central point of discussion is how idiom motivation is reflected in the Conventional Figurative Language Theory. Most lexical units are motivated to a certain extent, i.e. they point to their actual meaning via the meanings of their parts, either parts of their structure or of their conceptual basis. Several types of motivation can be distinguished in the field of phraseology. Apart from the quite small number of idioms where no comprehensible link can be found between the literal reading and the figurative meaning that would allow for a meaningful interpretation of a given expression, all other idioms have to be considered transparent or motivated. Idioms form a very heterogeneous domain in terms of motivation. There are levels of motivation and semantic predictability both from the perspective of a speaker and from the perspective of the semantic structure of a given unit. In this paper, we present a typology of motivation that captures all types of transparent idioms. The typology of idiom motivation connects our theory to the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and to the Construction Grammar approaches.
Stabreimende Wortpaare in den späteren Werken Hartmanns von Aue: Iwein, Gregorius, Der arme Heinrich
Authors: Jeep John M.
Published: October 2018

Building upon recent phraseological studies of Old High and Middle High German texts, the alliterating word pairs in the later works of Hartmann von Aue are catalogued and analyzed philologically, thus contributing to an emerging complete listing of the paired rhetorical expressions through the Early Middle High German period, here Hartmann’s major courtly Arthurian romance, Iwein, his religious tale Gregorius, and Der arme Heinrich. Each pair is listed, described in the context in which it appears, and compared with any extant pairs from earlier German works. Previous research on the pair is reviewed. Hence, we trace the evolution of these expressions, in some cases through centuries. On the one hand, Hartmann employs alliterating expressions that date to the Old High German period, while on the other hand apparently creates new, or at least not previously documented ones. As in findings in earlier texts, pairs recorded on multiple occasions are likely to have been used by other authors. Typical for medieval German texts - when compared to similar modern expressions - is the insight that there is a fair amount of variation concerning the sequence of the alliterating elements and/or the inclusion of morpho-syntactic modifiers such as pronouns, possessives, adjectives, or adverbs. When known, later examples of the alliterating word-pairs are cited, albeit for obvious reasons only in an incomplete fashion. Two updates on the emerging Old High and Early Middle High German word-pair catalogue are included. Finally, a complete listing of the alliterating word-pairs in Hartmann’s works is provided. The long-term project continues to chart the emergence of German alliterating word-pairs chronologically, here within the first decade of the thirteenth century.
Efficient and Inefficient Sales of Corporate Control: The Case of Going Private
Authors: Ofir Moran
Published: October 2018

I analyze the legal rules governing the sale-of-corporate-control in the case of going private transactions and examine whether a controlling shareholder must share the premium associated with sale-of-control. I rely on the framework developed in (Bebchuk, L.A. 1994. “Efficient and Inefficient Sales of Corporate Control,” 109 Quarterly Journal of Economics 957–993) regarding these transactions under the adjusted market rule (AMR) enabling different rights for the controlling and minority shareholders, and under the adjusted equal opportunity rule (AEOR) providing equal rights to the minorities and controller. My main findings are that both rules prevent inefficient transfers, since under both the new controller fully internalizes the externality imposed by extracting private benefits of control. However, the AMR is superior in facilitating efficient transfers. This is because the AEOR can prevent efficient transfers, due to the higher price demanded from the buyer in order to compensate both controller and minorities. In consequence, overall, the AMR dominates the AEOR for transactions in which a company is taken private.
Theoretical Prediction on Mechanical, Dynamic, and Thermodynamic Properties of C11b-Structured WSi2 under Pressure
Authors: Zhang ShunRu , Zeng DuoPeng , Hou HaiJun , Yu You
Published: October 2018

The structural parameters, mechanical, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of WSi2 with the C11b structure under pressure were systematically explored by using first-principles calculations. The results shown that calculated lattice constants and elastic constants of WSi2 were consistent with previous experimental findings and theoretical values. Our obtained elastic constants revealed that WSi2 was mechanically stable from 0 to 100 GPa. The values of anisotropic indexes, three-dimensional surface constructions, and two-dimensional projections under pressure indicated that WSi2 showed mechanical anisotropy. Additionally, the phonon density of state and phonon dispersion curves under pressure were obtained, and all vibration modes were analyzed. Finally, thermodynamic properties were also predicted based on quasi-harmonic approximation.
Laboratory Evaluation of Mix Design Parameters of Open-Graded Friction Course Mixes with Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag
Authors: Pattanaik Madhu Lisha , Choudhary Rajan , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: October 2018

The presented work investigated the feasibility of utilizing electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag in open-graded friction course (OGFC) mixes. The existing level of investigation on the use of industrial wastes, especially steel slag, in the production of OGFC mixes, is very limited, particularly in developing countries. To fill this gap, this study evaluated the OGFC mixes with EAF steel slag as a replacement of conventional natural aggregates. Mixes with five ratios of natural aggregate to EAF slag were evaluated. The ratios were 100:0 (control), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. These five mix combinations were evaluated with two types of modified binder (polymer-modified binder and crumb rubber–modified binder). Performance and volumetric parameters, such as stone-on-stone contact criteria, air void content, unaged abrasion loss, aged abrasion loss, and binder draindown, were evaluated for OGFC mixes with and without EAF slag. Results indicated that EAF steel slag as a coarse aggregate improves the performance of OGFC mixes. Abrasion loss results showed that the durability of OGFC mixes with EAF slag is better than those with the conventional natural aggregates. Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance to examine the significance of binder content and slag replacement percentage.
Processing and Characterization of Zirconium Dioxide Dispersion–Strengthened Al7068 Composites
Authors: Mariswamy Madhusudhan , Kumbeshwar Mahesha
Published: October 2018

Aluminum metal matrix composites are a class of advanced engineering materials that have major applications in aerospace, automobile, and marine engineering domains because of their mechanical properties. The aluminum matrix is dispersion strengthened with hard ceramic particles like zirconia (ZrO2), silicon carbide, alumina, boron carbide, and so forth bringing about better wear protection and enhanced strength-to-weight ratios. In light of the advances in the size and morphology of the reinforcements, it is indeed a sensitive task to process the aluminum composite materials. Among the various processing methodologies, the traditional stir casting technique is an important fabrication methodology for delivering aluminum matrix composites, since it is generally reasonable and offers an extensive variety of material processing conditions. An endeavor has been made to manufacture Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs) with the Al7068 alloy as the matrix phase and ZrO2 of a generalized particulate size of 25–40 μm as the reinforcement phase dispersed with varying weight proportions in the range of 0 to 12 wt. % in intervals of 2 wt. % utilizing an indigenously created stir casting process. The homogeneous scattering of ZrO2 particles in the AMCs is distinctly observed from the optical micrographs. Mechanical characterization is effectively done, and the tensile, compression, hardness properties of the composites are taken into account, which gives major evidence that the characteristics of the AMCs improve with the addition of reinforcement particulates attributed to the fact that ZrO2 forms a solid solution with the Al7068 eutectic phases, resulting in improved densification and better toughness and load-bearing capabilities.
Теоретичні аспекти формування професійної культури правоохоронця
Authors: Kushniruk Myroslav , Melnyk Andrii
Published: October 2018

У статті представлено теоретичні аспекти формування професійної культури правоохоронця. Обґрунтовано необхідність формування професійної культури, у зв’язку з реформуванням правоохоронної системи України відповідно до світових стандартів передових країн світу. Досліджено праці вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених які в своїх наукових роботах акцентували увагу на важливості формування професійної культури правоохоронця. Проаналізовано різні наукові підходи до визначення сутності структури професійної культури правоохоронця. Представлено основні  функції професійної  культури та етапи її формування в процесі професійної підготовки майбутніх правоохоронців у вищих навчальних закладах України із специфічними умовами навчання .
Спадковість у системі чинників формування здоров´я дитини
Authors: Trush Nadiіa
Published: October 2018

У статті розглянуто вплив спадковості на формування здоров’я людини. Кожна людська істота від природи отримує все, щоб стати людиною, проте повноцінним членом суспільства вона стає лише тоді, коли для цього існують належні умови. Тому важливо якомога раніше виявити задатки до окремих видів діяльності й створити відповідні умови для їх розвитку.
Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Methylomic Data in Photoperiod-Dependent Regulation of Cucumber Sex Expression
Authors: Lai Yun-Song , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiaohui , Shen Di , Wang Haiping , Qiu Yang , Song Jiangping , Li Xixiang
Published: October 2018

The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is characterized by its diversity and seasonal plasticity in sexual type. A long day length condition significantly decreased the cucumber female flower ratio by 17.7–52.9%, and the effect of photoperiod treatment is more significant under low temperature than under high temperature. Transcriptome analysis indicates that the photoperiod treatment preferentially significantly influenced flower development processes, particularly MADS-box genes in shoot apices. The long-day treatment resulted in predominantly transposable element (TE)- and gene-associated CHH-types of DNA methylation changes. Nevertheless, there was significant enrichment of CG- and CHG-types of DNA methylation changes nearing transcription start sites (TSSs)/transcription end sites (TESs) and gene bodies, respectively. Predominantly negative association between differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed which implied epiregulation of DEGs. Two MADS-box genes that were significantly downregulated by long photoperiod showed significant hypermethylation in promoter regions that is essentially TE-rich. This study indicates MADS-box genes which are partially regulated by promoter methylation state may mediate photoperiod-dependent regulation of cucumber sex expression.
Vaccination and Risk of Childhood IgA Vasculitis
Authors: Piram Maryam , Gonzalez Chiappe Solange , Madhi Fouad , Ulinski Tim , Mahr Alfred
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) might develop after vaccination. However, this potential relationship is essentially based on case reports, and robust pharmaco-epidemiologic data are scarce. We aimed to investigate the effect of vaccination on short-term risk of IgAV in children.

METHODS:

We enrolled children <18 years old with IgAV seen in 5 pediatric departments from 2011 to 2016. Data on vaccinations administered during the year preceding IgAV onset were collected from immunization records. With a case-crossover method and by using conditional logistic-regression analyses, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by comparing vaccine exposure during the 3-month “index period” immediately preceding IgAV onset to that during 3 consecutive 3-month “control” periods immediately before the index period. Stratifications by season, year of onset, infection history, age, sex, type, or number of vaccines were performed. Sensitivity analyses used 1-, 1.5-, or 2-month index and control periods.

RESULTS:

Among 167 children (mean age: 6.7 years) enrolled, 42 (25%) received ≥1 vaccine during the year before IgAV onset. Fifteen (9%) children were vaccinated during the 3-month index period as compared with 4% to 7% during the 3 control periods. The OR for IgAV occurring within the 3 months after vaccination was 1.6 (95% CI: 0.8–3.0). Analyses of IgAV risk within 1, 1.5, or 2 months of vaccination yielded ORs of 1.4 (95% CI: 0.5–3.5), 1.4 (95% CI: 0.6–3.2), and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.6–2.6), respectively. Stratifications revealed no significant association.

CONCLUSIONS:

Vaccination may not be a major etiological factor of childhood IgAV.
Factibilidad de la producción masiva de alevines machos de Tilapia nilotica a través de la inversión hormonal del sexo en Honduras
Authors: Green Bartholomew W. , López Luis A.
Published: October 2018

The demand for young male fish of Tilapia nilotica for seeding in reproduction ponds has significantly Increased In the last five years. New production technologies are necessary in order to have adequate supply for existent and future demands of the young fish. One of those is the hormonal sexual inversion of the young fish of Tilapia nilotica via the oral Ingestion of a synthetic male hormone (17 a-methyl-testosterone) during a period of 28 days which starts shortly after hatching and before differentiation of genital tissue. The objective of this work which was conducted during the months of January through November, 1988 was to determine the feasibility of implementing the massive production of young males of Tilapia nilotica using the hormonal sexual Inversion process at the experimental station .Acuicola El Carao. in Comayagua, Honduras. The process requires obtaining young fish less than 13 min long from reproduction ponds (0.05-0.1 ha) that have been seeded with Tilapia nilotica (2 females: 1 male). The ponds are then drained within 18 to 20 days after having been seeded, the reproducers are transferred to concrete separating tanks and the young fish are harvested by hand using a net 1.6 mm long. The complete cycle for young fish production lasts approximately 23 days. The average number of harvested fish varies between 66,500 to 99500. The fish are seeded at a population of 4,400/m2 in .japas. (wire nets of 1.6 mm, with dimensions 2 m x 2.5 m x I m or 1 m x 2 m x I m, with an average water depth of 60 cm) after having been passed through a 3.2 mm separator net. The hormone is incorporated into the ground feed (23 % protein) at a rate of 60 mg kg-1. The ground reed Is applied four times per day, seven days a week. The duration of the treatment described is 28 days. The average life span of the hormonal treatment was 87.6%. Treated fish were seeded in prefattening ponds (0.2 ha) for additional growth (102,500 ha-1). A total of 1.935,000 fish were harvested from the reproduction ponds of which 350,000 were discarded due to excess size. Of the 1.595,000 fish, 1.313,500 were treated with the hormone. Of that 1.199,600 fish were found to complete the treatment cycle. Of the seeded pre-fattening ponds with a total of 661,7(W fish an average survival rate of 81.6% was obtained. Up till November, 1988, 3,000 18 g fish were produced, 97% being males. The cost of production of treating the fish (0.15 g each) was L 9.12/1000. This technology has resulted in being feasible not only for the experiment station in Comayagua but should also be feasible for qualified fisheries
Efecto de la selección recurrente por sequía sobre el rendimiento y características agronómicas de líneas S1 de maíz (Zea mays L.) evaluadas en tres ambientes de Centro América, 1989
Authors: Zea José Luis , Quemé José Luis , Aguiluz Adán , Brizuela Luis , Córdova Hugo
Published: October 2018

Breeding for adaptation to adverse environment should capitalize on additive genetic variance while simultaneously reducing genotype by environment interactions. In the present work, 400 S1 maize lines from a population resistent to drought from the Collaborative Regional Maize Breeding Project were evaluated under limited moisture conditions. These lines were evaluated in a lattice design of 20 x 20 with two replications per location in three different moisture environments. Selection pressure was 10%. Selection differentials for the selected fraction for recombination and experimental varieties were high. The selection differential was higher under limited moisture conditions confirming highly significant differences observed in the analysis of variance for lines. The experimental variety and the selected fraction had yield reductions with drought of 36%, in comparison to the population bulk which was reduced by 51 % with drought, demonstrating the efficacy of applied selection pressure. Within the variables studied, ears per plant correlated the highest with yield under limited moisture conditions. The anthesis-silking interval did not correlate as high with yield (interval of.8 to 5.9 days), possibly because the population had becn improved for this eharaetcristie. Estimatcd stability paramcters (β = 1 r = 0.9) identified the selected lines for synthctie varictics as stable cntries with a eonsistent response aeross the 3 moisture environments. Broad-sense heritability estimates (H2 = 0.43 and H2 = 0.64**) for yield and ears per plant under drought indieate that oneean expeet to obtain substantial selection progrcss by increasing the frequencies of favorable alleles which condition the hcritability of these characteristics.
Establecimiento y producción de materia seca de gramíneas promisorias en el departamento de Jutiapa, Guatemala
Authors: Reyes A. Sergio , Soto O. Raúl A. , Vargas B. Bugo , Gutiérrez O. Miguel , Roldán P. Gonzalo
Published: October 2018

With the aim of sclecting improved pasture grasses for the sub-humid forcst conditions in the department of Jutiapa, Guatemala, Courteen acccssions previously selected wercevaluated. A split plot randomized complete block design with four replications was used where the main plots were accessions and sub plots cutting frequency (3,5,7 and 9 weeks). Measurements were made during the periods of maximum and minimum precipitation in 1988 and 1989. Mean ground cover was 82.9% ± 8.15 and 72.5% ± 8.34 for maximum and minimum precipitation periods, respectively. Significant (P<0.01) effects of year, precipitation period, accession, cutting frequency and interactions between these variables werc found for dry matter production. The average yield under maximum precipitation was 4.3 ton/ha with B. Dictyoneura, and 6.63 ton/ha for CIAT 6133, both of which being significantly better than the other materials (P ≤ 0.05). Under minimum precipitation, cutting frequencies of 7 and 9 wceks were equal or superior to 3 and 5 weeks, with mean yield of 4.92 t / ha. Entries B. decumbens CIAT 606, P. maximun CIAT 673, P. maximun (local), and P. purpureum cv. Mott were modcrately affected by insects. The entries P. maximun (local) and C. nlemfuensis EAP 138 showed moderate damage by discase.
Selección en cruzas interraciales tropicales de maíz de México para adaptación a valles altos
Authors: Navas Alejandro A. , Cervantes Tarcicio
Published: October 2018

The response of the selection, and its adaptation at high plateaus, of five generations of tropical corn race crosses from Mexico, with a 0- 700 masl altitude range, was evaluated. An assay was planted at Montecillo, Mexico (locale with high plateaus) using four generations of 22 tropical interracial crosses, nine race progenitors and four local populations as controls. Besides of the grain yield per stalk, 15 characters were studied, some as yield components and others as of agronomic interest for its adaptation. The selection for high platea u adaptation with tropical corn inter-racial crosses was efective to increase grain yield per stalk, achiering an average response of 18% per selection cycle, in five cycles. Although with smaller increments, the number of ears per stalk, lenght, diameter and grain percentage of the ear, volume and weight of 100 seeds were modified. Ear and plant height showed undesirable agronomic responses, while days to tasselling, blooming coincidence and plant health improved with the selection. Six crosses in F8 were identified as matching the yield and other characters to the best local control Huamantla (conical race). According to the progenitors used in these crosses, it is deduced that the Tuxpeño race was the largest gene contributor for yield and Vandeño for adaptation genes, while Tepecintle showed a very poor gene contribution to the selection response.
Efectos de la tensión calórica en la época seca sobre algunos índices fisiológicos y el estado general en lactación y crecimiento en ganado lechero cruzado
Authors: Arauz Edil E.
Published: October 2018

The test was conducted, at the facilities of the Dual Purpose Dairy Program of the University of Panama in Chiriqui, Panama, to quantify the main climatic variables during the dry season and their effect on so me physiological indexes of lactating and growing hybrid dairy cattle. The physiological variables were analyzed using the split-plot experimental design in time and contrast of polynomial regression. Ten lactating hybrid cows, with and average weight of 446 kg and a milk production of 6.8 kg/cow/day, and ten calves weighing 118 kg each were used. The animals were Holstein/Brown Swiss X Zebu crossbreeds. The micro-climatic characterization, based on solar radiation, ambient temperature and the temperature-humidity index, indicated that the day time period during the dry season is the representative type of effective climatic heat stress,lactating cows and calves were affected by heat stress, and quadratic and cubic increases were observed in rectal temperature and the respiratory index over the normal physiological pattern.
Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos , Quiñones Juan A. , Arias Rodrigo
Published: October 2018

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.
Utilización de aceite quemado y paraquat en la desecación de soya y sus efectos en la calidad de la semilla durante el almacenamiento
Authors: Ibañez R.
Published: October 2018

The assay was conducted in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil, to compare the effect of used engine oil with to paraquat (Gramoxone) applied during the physiological maturition of soybean seeds (Glicyne max (L.) Merrill), Bragg variety. The oil doses were 5.3, 8.5 and 12 l/ha. The desiccation intensity was determined and 30 pods per plot were periodically collected to follow the humidity content of the seeds, to 18%. The humidity was later reduced to 10.5 +0.5 and 2.0 kg of seeds were stored, in cotton bags,during 6 months under the environmental conditions at the Centro de Entrenamiento de Semillas of the Federal University of Pelotas. The seeds were subjected to germination, vigor and phytosanitary tests at harvest time and after 3 and 6 months of storage. Under the conditions of this trial, the doses of 12 l/ha of oil and 2 l/ha of paraquat: a) act as desiccants for soybean plants, b) favors the production of seeds with better viability and vigor after 6 months of storage and c) guarantied better sanitary seed quality after 6 months of storage.
Efecto residual de intercalar leguminosas sobre el rendimiento de maíz (Zea mays L.) en nueve localidades de Centro América
Authors: Zea José Luis
Published: October 2018

Nine trials were conducted, in like number of localities in Central America in 1990 and 1991, to evaluate the effect of legume intercropping on corn yield. The first cycle was evaluated in 1989 and 1990, when trhree legumes were planted with doses of 20 and 40 kg of P /ha each, The legumes stubble was left on their respective plots at the end of the first cycle and in following year, corn was planted on the same plots as the preeeding eycle, keeping them well identified. No fertilizer was applied to any treatment in this residual cycle. The results show that the legumes increased the corn yield in the residual cycle, although only Canavalia ensiformis showed to have a net positive effeet after the two cycles. This net effect is of 203 ± 314 kg/ha as an average of the nine localities.
Labranza en seco para el control de Cyperus Rotundus L. en campos de agricultores
Authors: Dinarte Sandra , Stever Charles , Aker Charles , Sarria Marvin , Martínez Reynaldo
Published: October 2018

Six plots of 0.7 ha each were established in March of 1991: three in Region II with the CARE-Leon Program and three in the Sebaco Valley-Matagalpa with vegetable growers, to evaluate the effect of dry soil tillage for the control of Cyperus rotundus L, under different soil preparation systems and soil textures. The tilling treatments on the dry soil were: mechanized plowing, oxen drawn plow and one to three diskings in the summer, comparing them with the traditional tilling methods with the first rains. There were differences among treatments (F= 9.22 **), with the plow + 1 disking on dry soil there was an 87% sprout reduction, with plow + 2 diskings at Las Mar ías the sprouting was reduced by 59% and by 77% at the Experiment Center at Sebaco, and with the oxen drawn plow it was reduced by 55%. All the tilling systems on the dry soil succeeded in reducing the grass sprouting by over 50%, noticing that on ligh soil the plow alone is enough for a good control while the heavy soils need one or two diskings.
Efectos de aptitud combinatoria general e identificación de híbridos triples de maíz (Zea mays L.) grano blanco. Programa regional de maís (PRM), 1991
Authors: Fuentes Mario , Quemé José Luis , Pérez Carlos
Published: October 2018

The breeding of triple crosses with the combination of 24 white grain lines and four elite simple crosses, used as females in the breeding of the hybrids HB-83M, H-5, H-27 and DC-43 in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Costa Rica, respectively, were evaluated in ten localities in Central America to determine the overall combining ability OCA of the germplasm developed by the Regional Corn Project. The results show an out standing superiority in the perfomance of the new hybrids bred, compared to the controls HB-83, H-5, H-27, HC-43, and the testers used. The highest yields were obtained at the Costa Rican localities with the hybrid 1188 x 1178 with 8.6 t/ha, and overyielded the control HC-43 by 35%. The OCA estimated identified 9 superior lines, among which the 1178, 1107, and 1150 stand out with values of 6,2, 6,1 and 6,0 t/ha, derived from the Pool 24 and the Population 25 from CYMMYT.
Tolerancia a suelos ácidos en poblaciones tropicales de maíz del CIMMYT
Authors: Ceballos H. , Pandey S. , Knapp E. B. , Duque J. V.
Published: October 2018

Currently, five tropical maize populations from CIMMYT are being bred for tolerance to acid soils through a full-sib recurrent selection scheme. Three cycles of selection from each population were evaluated in a split-plot design, with a varied number of replications under five environments (with normal soils, and the remaining four with varying degrees of soil stress). The observed genetic gains from these populations were highly significant: 4.72 % per cycle at all environments, 4.90% per cycle in acid soil environments (LSA), and 4.21 % per cycle for the normal soil location (LNA). The results suggest adequate genetic variability and high heritability for tolerance to soil acidity. In comparative trials, these populations yielded an average of 2.29 and 6.25 t/ha in the three LSA and two LNA environments, respectively. Under the same environments, the controls used (Tuxpeño, Pool 26 and Suwan-1) yielded an average of 1.28 and 5.56 t/ha.
Estudio de la estabilidad en líneas avanzadas y variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) usando dos metodologías.
Authors: Castañon Guillermo
Published: October 2018

Four loealities in the State of Campeche, Mexico were used during the Spring-Summer of 1982 and 1983 to conduct trial in orferto study the stability of rice genotypes. The studied variables were: days to heading (DH), plant height (PH) and grain yield (GY). Two methodologies (Eberhart and Russell, 1966 and Wricke, 1965) were compared to determine which was most effective in detecting the stability ofthe tested genotypes. The results show that these tested genotypes were different or were environmentaly affected at each locality. The PH mea n was slightly shorter for dry farming cultivars. This shortage was largely due to thc effect ofthe Edzna environment which was drier because of the soil type. Among the assayed genotypes, there is a potential for GY in two of the advanced lines (IR2055-466-6-6 and IR2055-481-2-l Cu). One of these could be released as a new variety for rainfed conditions. The results show that either method can be used, giving the same response, although the Wricke's method is more easily interpreted that Eberhart and Russell.