bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN CONTAINING ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZER BASED ON ASPEN BARK
Authors: Веприкова (Veprikova) Евгения (Evgeniya) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Королькова (Korolkova) Ирина (Irina) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Кузнецов (Kuznetsov) Борис (Boris) Николаевич (Nikolayevich) , Чесноков (Chesnokov) Николай (Nikolay) Васильевич (Vasil'yevich)
Published: December 2018

Method of preparation of nitrogen containing fertilizer, enriched by microelements (copper and zinc), with increased resistance to nitrogen leaching by water, based on impregnation of support from aspen bark by urea and potassium sulphate solutions was proposed. The data about composition and properties of nitrogen containing fertilizer based on porous support from aspen bark was provided. Influence of K2SO4 on fertilizer resistance for nitrogen leaching by water was determined. It was shown, that the impregnation of urea containing support from aspen bark by potassium sulphate solution leads to significant (in 1.8 times) reduction of a nitrogen leaching by water from obtained fertilizer. The ability of nitrogen containing fertilizer based on aspen bark to slow leaching of mineral components by water during long time was found, that determine his prolonged action. It was shown, that after water treatment at room temperature during 12 days the fertilizer content 43.2% nitrogen, 36.7% potassium, 32.6% copper and 33.8% zinc. Vegetative experiments at greensprouting of oat seeds were shown the growth stimulate action of nitrogen containing fertilizer based on aspen bark.
THE STUDY OF THE FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES AND LIQUID EX-TRACT OF CRATAEGUS SUBMOLLIS
Authors: Куркин (Kurkin) Владимир (Vladimir) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Зайцева (Zaitseva) Елена (Elena) Николаевна (Nikolayevna) , Морозова (Morozova) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Правдивцева (Pravdivtseva) Ольга (Ol'ga) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna) , Авдеева (Avdeeva) Елена (Elena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Куркина (Kurkina) Анна (Anna) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Агапов (Agapov) Альберт (Al'bert) Иванович (Ivanovich)
Published: December 2018

Nowadays flowers and fruits of various types of hawthorn are widely used as cardiotonic drugs in Russian Federation. In our opinion a promising species for harvesting raw materials is Quebec hawthorn (Crataegus submollis Sarg., Rosaceae). Quebec hawthorn is successfully cultivated on the territory of the Russian Federation and is characterized by rapid growth and high yield in comparison with wild species. An additional point is that one of the possible types of raw materials are hawthorn leaves widely used abroad.
Quebec hawthorn leaves contain flavonoids, among which there is a hyperoside. The maximum of the absorption curve of the extract solution of Quebec hawthorn leaves with an aluminum chloride solution of 412 nm. We have developed a quantification method for determination the total flavonoids in the Quebec hawthorn leaves calculated as hyperoside. It was established that the optimum extraction solvent for this raw material is 70% ethanol. The level of content and dynamics of accumulation of the total flavonoids in the Quebec hawthorn leaves during the growing season of 2017 was studied. The maximum content of total flavonoids in the Quebec hawthorn leaves (3.12 ± 0.05% calculated on hyperoside) is observed in May, during plant flowering. The liquid extract based on Quebec hawthorn leaves possesses moderate antidepressant activity. For this reason, leaves of Quebec hawthorn leaves are promising medicinal plant raw materials.
OBTAINING PLANT MATERIALS SIBERIAN IRIS (IRIS SIBIRICA L.) BY METHODS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Тихомирова (Tikhomirova) Людмила (Lyudmila) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Базарнова (Bazarnova) Наталья (Natal'ya) Григорьевна (Grigor'yevna) , Ильичева (Ilicheva) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Николаевна (Nikolayevna) , Мартиросян (Martirosian) Юрий (Yuriy) Цатурович (Tsaturovich) , Афанасенкова (Afanasenkova) Ирина (Irina) Владимировна (Vladimirovna)
Published: December 2018

Methods of biotechnology allow to obtain high-quality medicinal plant raw materials in a short time, in large quantities without destroying natural reserves. Biotechnological approaches such as aeroponic technologies have the potential for large-scale cultivation of iris plants and production of secondary metabolites. Microclonal reproduction makes it possible to obtain a healthy planting material in the required amount, regardless of the time of year. The combination of these two technological approaches will allow to develop biotechnology of year-round production of medicinal plant raw materials of Siberian iris.

The study determined the content of 6-benzylaminopurine on the stage actually micropropagation for the formation of the greatest number of adventitious shoots of optimal length. The required content of BAP in the nutrient medium for I. sibirica was 2.5–5.0 µM. The introduction of cytokinins in the nutrient medium together with auxins, L-glutamine and adenine sulfate 100 mg/l, as well as the alternation of low and high concentrations of cytokinin enhanced the regenerative effect of BAP. With year-round cultivation of regenerative plants in aeroponic conditions, the amount of biomass of plant raw materials I. sibirica for this method was about 31.2 kg / m2 of crude weight in one year.

It is established that intact plants and regenerative plants I. sibirica, obtained on the basis of the developed biotechnology, had identical group composition of biologically active substances. It is revealed that the sum of flavonoids in the leaves of hydroponic iris plants exceeded the content in the leaves of intact plants by 3 times, and the content of essential oil in regenerate plants and hydroponic leaves of the Sterch variety but higher by 26% compared with the leaves of intact plants.

Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of I. sibirica showed antiviral activity against herpes virus. With low toxicity, both intact plants and regenerative plants had a relatively high selectivity index.
PLANT POLYSACCHARIDE XYLOGLUCAN AND ENZYMES THAT HYDROLIZE IT (REVIEW)
Authors: Завьялов (Zavyalov) Артем (Artem) Валерьевич (Valer'yevich) , Рыков (Rykov) Сергей (Sergey) Викторович (Viktorovich) , Лунина (Lunina) Наталия (Nataliya) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) , Сушкова (Sushkova) Валентина (Valentina) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Яроцкий (Yarotsky) Сергей (Sergey) Викторович (Viktorovich) , Березина (Berezina) Оксана (Oksana) Валентиновна (Valentinovna)
Published: December 2018

Various types of plant raw material are widely used in the pulp and paper, textile, food, agricultural industries, and pharmacology. One of the problems of utilizing the complex plant biomass is the weak knowledge of its hemicellulose content and the lack of effective enzymes for hydrolysis of hemicelluloses.

Xyloglucan is the major structural and storage polysaccharide in all dicots and many monocots. It has a branched architecture with a backbone constructed of β-1,4-connected cellotetraose units decorated with short side chains composed of xylose, galactose, arabinose, fucose and some other residues. Side chain composition and alternation order are specie-specific and can change during cell growth resulting in variety of xyloglucan structural types. In general, xyloglucan structure depends on taxonomic position of the plant. Structural features of xyloglucans belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed in the evolutionary aspect.

Xyloglucan hydrolysis is a necessary condition during conversion of plant biomass into high added value products. Variety of xyloglucan structural types complicates selection of enzymes for its hydrolysis. Xyloglucanase-containing multienzyme complexes can be used for efficient decomposition of plant biomass polysaccharides into fermentable sugars for biotechnology, and for improvement of the feed quality. Investigation of xyloglucanases is necessary for the development of methods for protecting plants from pathogenic microorganisms which use these enzymes for invasion into plant tissue.

The article reviewed structural features of xyloglucans from different taxonomic groups in the evolutionary aspect. Selection of xyloglucanases for efficient hydrolysis of complex plant biomass is discussed.
BIOCONVERSION OF SECONDARY GRAIN TREATMENT PRODUCTS OF TRITICAL ON STARCH USING THE PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS 23 MUSHROOM
Authors: Лукин (Lukin) Николай (Nikolay) Дмитриевич (Dmitriyevich) , Уланова (Ulanova) Рузалия ( Ruzaliya)  Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Кравченко (Kravchenko) Ирина (Irina) Константиновна (Konstantinovna) , Колпакова (Kolpakova) Валентина (Valentina) Васильевна (Vasil'yevna) , Гольдштейн (Gol'dshteyn)  Владимир (Vladimir) Георгиевич (Georgiyevich)
Published: December 2018

The aim of the research was to study the possibility of obtaining a mushroom preparation based on an extract formed during the production of starch from triticale grain by bioconversion with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus 23. Technological parameters and conditions of the nutrient medium for the bioconversion process were developed, ensuring the growth of mycelium with the formation of biomass in the form of light powder cream colored. In the process of growth, the fungus assimilated xylose, glucose, squalene, synthesized arabinose, sorbose, lyxose, and proteins with a higher biological value than the original extract. The positive effect of whey in the medium on the properties of the drug, the mass fraction of protein, the amount of essential acids, the content of lysine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine. Triticale extract is a benign raw material source for the synthesis of microbial biomass. Further studies are directed to the study of safety, functional properties and the possibility of using the drug in the production of food additives and feed. Biotransformation of triticale extract allows you to solve the problem of organizing environmentally safe starch production by reducing liquid waste products, reducing the amount of water used to prepare nutrient media and expanding the range of biologically valuable food or feed products.
PROBLEMS OF COMPREHENSIVE CHEMICAL PROFILING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: Морозов (Morozov) Сергей (Sergey) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) , Ткачева (Tkacheva) Наталья (Natal'ya) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Ткачев (Tkachev) Алексей (Aleksej) Васильевич (Vasil'evich)
Published: December 2018

Interest and attention to phytotherapy in Russia are increasing every year, which is consistent with global trends. Ensuring the growing demand inevitably leads to the appearance of phytopreparations of low quality and efficiency, and sometimes to a complete falsification of plant raw materials and preparations from it. Therefore, the pharmaceutical safety and quality of plant raw materials, herbal preparations and medicines from plant raw materials are among the most important problems in the field of medicine, biomedicine, pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. The review considers modern methodological approaches to solving problems of the problems mentioned, various concepts of identification, evaluation of the authenticity and quality control of herbal medicines using markers of various types and instrumental methods of chromatographic profiling (one of the methods of metabolic research) of plant compositions, spectral and hyphenated methods used to solve these problems, the issues of standardization of plant raw materials, drugs in and medicines based on it, the world experience in solving problems of assessing the quality of plant raw materials and phytopreparations and the state of research in Russia.
APPLICATION OF PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDES AS STIMULANTS FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.
Authors: Тулинов (Tulinov) Алексей (Aleksey) Геннадьевич (Gennad'yevich) , Михайлова (Mikhailova) Елена (Elena) Андрияновна (Andrianovna) , Шубаков (Shubakov) Анатолий (Anatoliy) Александрович (Aleksandrovich)
Published: December 2018

Crop yields can be significantly increased by using pectic polysaccharides – natural ecologically safe and effective plant growth stimulants. In this paper, high growth-stimulating activity of pectins with respect to potatoes is shown. The research was conducted in 2012–2015 in the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar) on sod-podzolic soils with an average humus content of 2.8–3.4%. The objects of the study in the field experiments were zoned potato varieties: early-ripening Gloria variety and the middle-aged variety Nevsky. The following pectic polysaccharides served as stimulants of potato growth and development: heracleuman – pectin of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., lemnan – pectin duckweed Lemna minor L. and silenan – pectin of callus tissue of campion Silene vulgaris (M.) G. Processing of potatoes with aqueous solutions of pectic polysaccharides included pre-planting soaking of potato tubers in water and spraying potato plants in the phases of 3–5 leaves and tuber formation. For processing potatoes, working solutions were used, which were prepared from 100 times diluted 0.002% aqueous solutions of pectins. The consumption of the working solutions of pectins were 10 liters on 1 ton of tubers and 300 l/ha of planting potatoes. Tubers and potato plants treated with water instead of pectins were used as control samples. It is established that all tested pectins possess growth-stimulating activity and processing of potatoes with aqueous solutions of pectic polysaccharides increases the early and overall yield of this crop, as well as the content of dry matter, starch and vitamin C in potato tubers.
DROUGHT INFLUENCE ON THE CONTENT AND COMPOSITION OF ALKALOIDS FROM SEEDS OF THE CHAMAECYTISUS RUTHENICUS (FISCH. EX WOLOSZCZ.) KLASKOVA, GROWING AT THE MOUNTAIN-FORESTS ZONE OF SOUTHERN URALS
Authors: Цыпышева (Tsypysheva) Инна (Inna) Петровна (Petrovna) , Галкин (Galkin) Евгений (Evgeniy) Григорьевич (Grigor'yevich) , Петрова (Petrova) Полина (Polina) Радиковна (Radikovna) , Ковальская (Koval’skaya) Алена (Alena) Витальевна (Vital'yevna) , Федоров (Fedorov) Николай (Nikolay) Иванович (Ivanovich)
Published: December 2018

Quinolizidine alkaloid content of the Chamaecytisus ruthenicus (Fabaceae) seeds, collected in the period of drought in 2010 and in 2011 (last was normal in the number of precipitation), was determined by the chromato-mass-spectrometry method. Total sums of alkaloids from the seeds of Chamaecytisus ruthenicus were isolated in two stages. The first stage included preliminary "degreasing" of crushed seeds with hexane. Then resulting hexane extract was washed with aqueous solution of 3% hydrochloric acid, and acidic layer was treated by anhydrous Na2CO3 until pH 9. Alkaloids (in the form of bases) were extracted with chloroform. In parallel, the seeds are previously washed with hexane were thoroughly extracted with an acetone-water mixture (1 : 9), and then resulting water-acetone extract has been treated in accordance with the traditional method. Alkaloids obtained from hexane extract and fatless seeds were combined, concentrated and analyzed by chromato-mass spectrometry method. Individual alkaloids were identified by their full mass spectra using d-lupanine as a standard. On the base on obtained results, it was found that in drought conditions of 2010 the content of alkaloids in seeds of the Russian Broom (Ch. Ruthenicus) is significantly lower than in 2011, typical for its weather conditions (0.81% vs. 3.2%). However, the composition of alkaloids in the seeds of the Ch. ruthenicus, collected during the drought period, was more various: sparteine, methylcytisine, 17-oxosparteine, sophocarpine, d-lupanine, isoquinoline alkaloid salsolidine and pyridine alkaloid ammodendrine were found in these seeds. Only four quinolizidine alkaloids – sparteine, d-lupanine, 17-oxosparteine and sophocarpine were isolated from the seeds of Ch. ruthenicus 2011.
TOTAL FLAVONOIDS IN CRATAEGUS «FLOWERS WITH LEAVES» RAW MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN FLORA
Authors: Сагарадзе (Sagaradze) Валентина (Valentina) Андреевна (Andreyevna) , Бабаева (Babaeva) Елена (Elena) Юрьевна (Yur'yevna) , Уфимов (Ufimov) Роман (Roman) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Загурская (Zagurskaya) Юлия (Yuliya) Васильевна (Vasil'yevna) , Трусов (Trusov) Николай (Nikolay) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Коротких (Korotkikh) Ирина (Irina) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Маркин (Markin) Вадим (Vadim) Иванович (Ivanovich) , Пещанская (Peschanskaya) Екатерина (Yekaterina) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Можаева (Mozhaeva) Галина (Galina) Федоровна (Fedorovna) , Каленикова (Kalenikova) Елена (Elena) Игоревна (Igorevna)
Published: December 2018

The total flavonoid content of various species of Crataegus novel raw material– «flowers with leaves» was conducted to a comparative study in order to identify the possibility of co-harvesting material from different species. 27 samples of 6 pharmacopoeial and 7 nonpharmacopoeial Crataegus species obtained from the Biological Collections of VILAR, Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden RAS, Kuzbass, Penza and Stavropol Botanical Gardens, Altai Territory, Voronezh region, Kemerovo and Moscow harvested in Russian Federation were analyzed.

Spectrophotometric assay was based on aluminium complex formation was used for determination of total flavonoid expressed as hyperoside. The fractional composition of the raw material (percentage of leaves and stems) and its influence on the content of flavonoids was studied.

The total flavonoids expressed as hyperoside of the raw material "flowers with leaves" of pharmacopoeial Crataegus species ranged from 1.40±0.05% (C. chlorocarpa) to 2.20±0.11% (C. monogyna), nonpharmacopeal species – from 1.21±0.11% (C. maximowiczii) to 2.21±0.09% (C. ambigua). The average quantity was 1.65%. The total flavonoid values of non-pharmacopoeial species raw material were comparable with pharmacopoeial species thus it allows to consider them promising for further study and use of their parts for medical purpose.
COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF SEVEN SAUSSUREA SPECIES
Authors: Авдеева (Avdeeva) Елена (Elena) Юрьевна (Yur'yevna) , Зибарева (Zibareva) Лариса (Larisa) Николаевна (Nikolayevna) , Кастерова (Kasterova) Евгения (Evgeniya) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) , Решетов (Reshetov) Ярослав (Yaroslav) Евгеньевич (Yevgen'yevich) , Шурупова (Shurupova) Маргарита (Margarita) Николаевна (Nikolayevna) , Белоусов (Belousov) Михаил (Mikhail) Валерьевич (Valer'yevich)
Published: December 2018

Using HPLC method was studied the component composition of phenolic compounds of the fractions from extracts of the seven Saussurea DC species, grown in Siberia: S. controversa DC, S. latifolia Ledeb., S. parviflora (Poir.) DC, S. frolovii Ledeb., S. amara (L.) DC, S. salicifolia DC, S. daurica Adams. In samples S. amara, S. frolowii, S. daurica, S. salicifolia, S. latifolia, S. controversa a significant amount of syringin (up to 25.0 mg/g of extract) was found. Phenol carboxylic acids are chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, syringic, oxybenzoic and salicylic acids with a predominance of chlorogenic acid (up to 53.3 mg/g). Isocvercitrine is identified in S. parviflora, S. amara, S. salicifolia and S. frolowii, cynaroside in S. daurica and S. frolowii, hyperoside in S. salicifolia and S. parviflora; rutin in S. amara, S. controversa and S. parviflora. In S. salicifolia ethylacetate fractions avicularin was found for the first time. The content of flavonoids in seven Saussurea species from 28.1 to 133.2 mg/g of extract was changed.
DETERMINATION of QUANTITATIVE CONTENT of EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM the WOOD, ROOTS AND BARK of CONIFEROUS SPECIES in SIBERIA: LARCH (LARIX SIBIRICA L.), Scotch PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.), FIR (ABIES SIBIRICA L.), SPRUCE (PICEA OBOVATA L.) AND CEDAR (PINUS SIBIRICA DU TOUR.)
Authors: Остроухова (Ostroukhova) Людмила (Lyudmila) Андреевна (Andreyevna) , Федорова (Fedorova) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna) , Онучина (Onuchina) Нина (Nina) Аркадьевна (Arkad'yevna) , Левчук (Levchuk) Алексей (Aleksey) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Бабкин (Babkin) Василий (Vasiliy) Анатольевич (Anatol'yevich)
Published: December 2018

The study of the quantitative content of extractive substances from various tree organs (wood, roots, bark) of coniferous Siberian specieswas conducted. The larch (Larix sibirica L.), pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), fir (Abies sibirica L.), spruce (Picea obovata L.) and cedar (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) were investigated.

Samples of coniferous tissues were selected in the Lake Baikal area in September-October 2015. Extractive substances were extracted from the ground raw material by extraction with ethyl acetate at the boiling point of the solvent for 4 hours. The resinous substances were extracted from the obtained ethyl acetate extracts by hexane by the infusion method for 2 days. The raw material samples, after extraction with ethyl acetate, were dried from solvent residues, then water-soluble substances were extracted by extraction with distilled water at 90 °C for 4 hours [1].

It is established the bark of the investigated coniferous species is most rich in extractive substances. It can contain up to 15% of the mass of absolutely dry matter (a.d.m.) of compounds soluble in ethyl acetate (for example, fir bark). The yield of extractive substances from coniferous wood is comparable with their content in the roots and ranges from 2 to 6% of the a.d.m.

The greatest amount of resinous substances contain in wood of cedar and pine. This is more than 3% of a.d.m. The highest yield of water-soluble substances was from larch wood (18% of a.d.m.) and fir bark (10% of a.d.m.).

A generalization and systematization of data on the chemical composition of phenolic extractive compounds of various coniferous tissues was carried out. It is shown that all the species under study contain a variety of biologically valuable polyphenols and have good potential for pharmacology, agriculture and forestry.
Modelo de opções reais para avaliação de investimentos em novos portos e terminais portuários brasileiros
Authors: Souza João Carlos Félix , Rocha Carlos Henrique , Souza João Gabriel De Moraes
Published: December 2018

O governo brasileiro identificou áreas para a instalação de novos portos e terminais portuários que serão concedidos, mediante aluguel, para a iniciativa privada. Esses empreendimentos têm grandes investimentos e apresentam incertezas quanto aos fluxos de caixa futuros. Os projetos com Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) negativo poderão se tornar rentáveis, desde que apareçam investidores interessados em pagar pelo direito de desenvolvê-los mais adiante. O valor do direito de desenvolver um empreendimento com VPL negativo, e que no futuro poderá se tornar rentável, pode ser apurado pela abordagem das opções reais. Este artigo traz uma aplicação de cálculo do valor da opção de esperar para investir em terminais portuários com VPL negativo. O valor da opção é calculado com o modelo Black-Scholes-Merton. Este valor representa o valor de licitação da espera. É recomendável que o edital de licitação contenha a memória de cálculo do valor da espera, minimizando a desconfiança quanto ao potencial da área licitada. Por fim, cabe dizer que é desnecessário fixar uma multa para o vencedor da licitação que abrir mão de empreender na data de vencimento da opção real, mesmo porque o valor pago pela opção, no ato de sua compra, o penaliza.
Proposição de um sistema de classificação das propriedades de forma de agregados caracterizados com o uso do processamento digital de imagens a partir de materiais oriundos do Brasil
Authors: Ibiapina Daniele Soares , Castelo Branco Verônica Teixeira Franco , Diogenes Lara Marques , Da Motta Laura Maria Goretti , De Freitas Silvia Maria
Published: December 2018

Os agregados minerais constituem cerca de 90% do volume das misturas asfálticas. O comportamento destas, com relação aos principais defeitos encontrados nos pavimentos (deformação permanente, trincamento por fadiga e trincamento térmico), está diretamente ligado às características de seus agregados constituintes. O Aggregate Imaging Measurement System 2 (AIMS2) está estabelecido como uma das principais técnicas de Processamento Digital de Imagens (PDI) para a caracterização das propriedades de forma de agregados utilizadas em Infraestrutura de Transportes, por usar métodos diretos e eficientes. Diante da importância de se avaliar essas características, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal propor um sistema de classificação das propriedades de forma baseado nos resultados do AIMS2, a partir de um banco de dados composto por agregados de mineralogias distintas, oriundos de diferentes localizações no Brasil. Para gerar os valores limites da classificação proposta, foi utilizado o método estatístico de cluster. Por fim, comparou-se a classificação proposta com outras existentes e os resultados mostraram que um agregado pode ser classificado de maneira diferente, dependendo do sistema adotado. Essa constatação é importante, pois a classe em que um material é categorizado pode ser determinante para a sua seleção, no âmbito de projeto, a depender das propriedades requeridas para sua aplicação.
Zerkâ’nın el-Fıkhu’l-İslâmî fî Sevbihi’l-Cedîd Adlı Kitap Projesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Eren
Published: December 2018

Bu makalede, Mustafa
Ahmed ez-Zerkā’nın “el-Fıkhu’l-İslâmî fi sevbihi’l-cedîd” adlı kitap projesinin
kapsamı konusunda yeni bir kanaat ortaya konulması ve müellifin bu proje
kapsamında yayımlamış olduğu ilk iki eserin yeni baskılarında yapılan
değişikliklere dikkat çekilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla evvela müellifin
kitaplarının ön sözlerindeki açıklamalardan hareket edilerek oradan elde edilen
bilgilerin eserlerin muhtevası ile karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde yorumlanmasıyla
projenin amaçları ile sonuçları arasındaki ilişki sorgulanmıştır. Daha sonra,
müellifin “el-Medhal ilâ nazariyyeti’l-iltizâmi’l-‘âmme” adlı eserine yeni
baskıda eklemiş olduğu “Nusûsu mevâddi’n-nazariyyeti’l-âmmeti li’l-iltizâmât
fi’l-fıkhi’l-İslâmî” adlı kanun tasarısının bu projeyle ilişkisinin
belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır. Vardığımız kanaate göre bu tasarı, müellifin
yaptığı nihai değişiklikte başlangıçtaki plandan farklı bir biçimde ortaya
çıkmış olsa da, daha önce projenin dördüncü cildi için planlanmış olan asıl çalışmanın
yerine ikame edilmiş bir metindir. Zerka’nın İslam fıkhını yeni bir üslupla
sunma çabasının somut neticelerinden bir olan bu metin, hem onun bu çabasının
doğru anlaşılabilmesi hem de İslam fıkıh tarihinin son döneminin en önemli
gelişmelerinden biri olan İslam fıkhına dayalı kanun yapma faaliyetinin daha
ileri bir noktaya taşınabilmesi bakımından farkında olunması gereken bir
özelliğe sahiptir.
Sahabe ve Tâbiînin Kur'ân Mushafıyla İlişkileri
Authors: ŞAHİN İskender
Published: December 2018

İslam dinin en temel kaynağı
Kur'ân-ı Kerîm, insanı hakikatle
buluşturmak üzere indirilmiş ilahî bir çağrıdır. Mekke'de inmeye başladığı ilk
andan itibaren gelen tüm vahiyleri yazdırmış olan Hz. Peygamber, Medine'de
vefat ettiğinde, geride kayda geçirilmemiş bir âyet bırakmamıştır. Halife Hz. Ebûbekir döneminde bir muṣḥafta toplanan Kur'ân-ı Kerîm,
Hz. Osman döneminde çoğaltılarak Müslümanların yaşadığı çeşitli beldelere
gönderilmiştir. Çok kısa bir zaman dilimi içerisinde insanlar kendilerine ait
bir muṣḥaf yazmış veya yazdırmış ve
böylece muṣḥafların sayısı hızla
artmıştır. Sahabe ve tâbiîn dönemine denk düşen bu
süreç, özü itibariyle bir Müslümanın muṣḥafla olan ilişkisinin nasıl olduğunun veya
olması gerektiğinin şekillendiği önemli bir merhaledir. Bu makalede sahabe ve
tâbiînin muṣḥafla olan ilişkileri ele
alınmış ve konu ilgili rivayetler bir araya getirilmek suretiyle etraflıca
değerlendirilmiştir. Söz konusu ilişkilerin tespit edilmesi ile birlikte o
dönemi yaşayan insanların zihninde Kur'ân algısının ne olduğunu açık bir şekilde ortaya
koymuştur. Bu yönüyle konu, günümüz Müslümanlarının muṣḥafla olan ilişkilerinin
köklerine ışık tutacak bir özelliğe sahiptir.
Sünni Politik Tarih Yazımında İsmâilîlerin Heterodoksluğu
Authors: ÖTENKAYA Yusuf
Published: December 2018

Abbâsîler,
3./9. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren Sünni paradigmanın temellerini atarak, ona
kavramsal açıdan yeni bir veçhe kazandırmıştır. Bu açıdan Sünnet kavramında da
bir dizi değişiklikler olmuştur. Nitekim Abbâsîler dönemine kadar Sünnet,
kısaca Hz. Peygamber’in söz ve fiillerini kastederken, 9.yy’dan itibaren ise
bambaşka bir mânâya evrilerek, ortodoksluğa (doğru öğreti) delâlet etmeye
başlamıştır. Elbette ki bu durum, ehl-i Sünnet’den olmayanların “tekfir”
edilmesine yol açmıştır. Biz bu çalışmada ehl-i Sünnet’in politik anlamda nasıl
ortaya çıktığını, kendinden olmayanları (İsmâilîzm) tecrit etmek sûretiyle
nasıl bir öğreti kurmaya çalıştığını anlatmaya çalışacağız. Bu anlamda ehl-i
Sünnet’in kanon haline getirdiği tarihsel eserlerin ve kullandıkları
argümanların, nasıl tekfir araçları haline dönüştüğünü somut örneklerle
göstermeye çalışacağız.
Din Psikolojisi Alanında Türkiye’de Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezler (2012-2018) Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: GENCER Nevzat
Published: December 2018

Araştırma 2012-2018 arasındaki yıllarda din
psikolojisi alanı ile ilgili yayımlanmış olan yüksek lisans ve doktora
tezlerindeki genel yönelimleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma
çerçevesinde, YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanı ve İSAM İlahiyat Fakülteleri
Tezler Kataloğu veri tabanı taranmış ve 133 yüksek lisans ve 36 doktora tezi
olmak üzere toplamda 169 tez incelenmiştir. Çalışmadaki veriler analiz
edilirken betimsel istatistik kullanılmıştır. 2012-2018 yılları arasında din
psikolojisi alanı kapsamında en fazla tezin Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi’nden
yayımlandığı görülmüştür. Belge/doküman incelemeden sonra tezlerde en fazla
tercih edilen çalışma grubunun yerel halk ve yetişkin ve yaşlı bireyler olduğu;
veri toplama tekniği açısından en fazla anket tekniğinin, araştırma konusu
olarak da pozitif psikoloji konularının, olumlu duygular-değerlerin tercih
edildiği belirlenmiştir. Tez kataloğunda ise incelemeye konu olan 169 tez yazar
ismi referans alınarak liste halinde sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın son kısmında elde
edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiş, az çalışılan konular belirtilmiş ve din
psikolojisi bilim dalı kapsamında çalışacak olanlara yönelik öneriler
sunulmuştur.
Seyyid Muhammed Ali Rızâ’nın Mevlid’i
Authors: KAYALIK ŞAHİN Duygu
Published: December 2018

Sözlüklerde, ‚doğum yeri‛ ve ‚doğum zamanı‛ anlamlarına gelen mevlid kelimesi, ıstılahîmânâda Hz. Muhammed’in doğduğu zamanı ve mekânı ifade etmektedir. Edebî bir terim olarak mevlid, Hz. Muhammed’in doğumunu, doğumunda meydana gelen mucizeleri, hayatını, fizikî-ahlakî özelliklerini ve vefatını anlatan, genellikle manzûm olarak kaleme alınan eserlerdir. Önceleri siyer türünün bir bölümü olarak yazılan mevlid, zamanla müstakil bir tür mahiyeti kazanmıştır. Özellikle Süleymân Çelebî’nin Mevlid’inin çok sevilmesiyle birlikte, çok sayıda mevlid kaleme alınmıştır. Yazılan bu mevlidlerden biri de çalışmamızda ele aldığımız 20.yy şairlerinden Seyyid Muhammed Ali Rıza’ya aittir. Bu Mevlid’in, bilinen yegâne yazma nüshası Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Yazma Bağışlar Koleksiyonu 7161/1 numarada kayıtlıdır. Çalışmamızda, mevlid türüne dair bazı bilgiler verildikten sonra ‚Mevlûd-i Seydî‛ başlıklı mevlid metni, şekil bakımından incelenmiş muhteva bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Müellif, eldeki bilgilerle tanıtılmış, son olarak mezkûr nüshanın transkripsiyonlu metni hazırlanmıştır.
El Jano socialista. Juan B. Justo y el lugar de los símbolos en la política moderna
Authors: Reyes Francisco Jerónimo
Published: December 2018

El artículo analiza la forma en que un dirigente clave del socialismo argentino, Juan B. Justo, concibió el lugar singular que debían ocupar distintas manifestaciones de un fenómeno significativo de la política: los símbolos. Se argumenta que sus valoraciones y propuestas en torno a dicho problema resultaron siempre atadas a coyunturas cambiantes, evidenciando un carácter oscilante y demostrando el peso de dos fuentes: una cultura científica ampliamente extendida y la cultura política del socialismo de la Segunda Internacional. El corpus documental se compone de un amplio conjunto de intervenciones, para luego cotejarse con el aporte de otras voces provenientes del socialismo argentino que tensionan los postulados de dicha cultura política sobre el lugar de los símbolos, en general, y en la política argentina de inicios del siglo XX, en particular.
Trayectoria intelectual y política de un profesional socialista: el ingeniero civil Emilio Dickmann
Authors: Graciano Osvaldo
Published: December 2018

La participación de universitarios en el Partido Socialista de Argentina fue importante desde su fundación a fines del siglo XIX. La profesión fue una condición para el acceso a las funciones letradas del partido en sus organismos directivos y también en los ámbitos de su producción de saberes sobre la sociedad y la economía. Se analizan la carrera profesional y académica del ingeniero civil Emilio Dickmann en las universidades de La Plata y de Buenos Aires y su actuación en el Partido Socialista desde la perspectiva de la biografía intelectual. Su trayectoria revela las características del compromiso de los profesionales con el socialismo, contribuyendo con sus investigaciones a construir sus dispositivos de estudio sobre la sociedad y a la elaboración de sus planes económicos.
Palabras e imágenes de mujeres en el Partido Socialista: la campaña presidencial de 1916 en Argentina
Authors: Palermo Silvana Alejandra
Published: December 2018

Este estudio examina la participación de las mujeres en las actividades proselitistas del Partido Socialista, en particular en la campaña presidencial de 1916. Se basa en el análisis de documentación partidaria y de dos importantes semanarios ilustrados de la época: Caras y Caretas y Fray Mocho. Argumenta que la notable capacidad de movilización del PS obedece a su experiencia de participación en el espacio público y electoral, ámbitos en los que las mujeres exhibieron un protagonismo incontestable, y también al hecho de que la prensa comercial se convirtió en un medio apropiado para transmitir el mensaje del PS, hacer conocer las palabras y los rostros de las mujeres socialistas.
La construcción de un socialismo argentino en torno a Alfredo Palacios
Authors: Herrera Carlos Miguel
Published: December 2018

Este trabajo se propone estudiar la tentativa de organizar un movimiento socialista integrando el componente nacional a su ideario. El proyecto se materializó en torno a la figura de Alfredo L. Palacios, luego de su salida del PS. El nuevo programa podía poner en entredicho la cultura política del socialismo argentino, en un momento en que éste consolidaba su presencia en el sistema político. Sin embargo, la nueva identidad no logró cuajar en una organización duradera. Estas páginas exploran las razones.
Presentación: «La cultura política de los socialistas argentinos, desde los orígenes partidarios hasta la crisis peronista»
Authors: Buonuome Juan , Reyes Francisco Jerónimo
Published: December 2018

La propuesta que se desarrolla en el conjunto de trabajos reunidos en este dossier busca profundizar una línea de indagación centrada en el fenómeno socialista en la historia argentina, a partir de un prisma particular: su dimensión cultural y las implicancias derivadas de la misma. Esta fuerza política se ha convertido para la historiografía académica, luego de varias décadas de renovación de sus estudios, en un objeto singularmente atractivo para dicha perspectiva, entre otros motivos, por el énfasis que imprimieron sus propios militantes en la acción cultural como uno de los ejes de su estrategia partidaria.
Religion, Radicalism and National Character: In Perspective of South Sulawesi Local Wisdom
Authors: Mahmuddin Mahmuddin
Published: December 2018

It is widely believed that Indonesia is encountering an issue of disharmony due to a number of horizontal conflicts which are based on ethnics, religions, and races. In addition, there are many social issues also happen in recent years that stimulate the conflicts. For example, the rampant of drugs users across the country and the increase of significant number of terrorists in many regions in Indonesia. The writer believes that one of the main reasons of these conflicts is lacking of understanding nation charachter as well as local wisdoms that owned by certain community. In the mean time, Indonesia as country is rich of characters that can unite community under the flag of nation and diminish conflicts among them. In the context of South Sulawesi region, there are, at least, three different characters that can decrease the emergence of radicalism. Firstly, respect to the difference. Secondly, they are open-minded. Thirdly, maintaining tradition of ashame (siri) as a local genius. These characters are social capitals of South Sulawesi communities in tackling radicalism understanding. The writer come to conclude that if every single ethnics in Indonesia make their local genius as their philosophy in daily life, the radicalism movement might be tackled across the country.[Dipercaya secara luas bahwa Indonesia menghadapi masalah ketidakharmonisan karena sejumlah konflik horizontal yang didasarkan pada etnis, agama, dan ras. Selain itu, ada banyak masalah sosial juga terjadi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir yang merangsang konflik. Misalnya, merajalela pengguna narkoba di seluruh negeri dan meningkatnya jumlah teroris yang signifikan di banyak wilayah di Indonesia. Penulis percaya bahwa salah satu alasan utama dari konflik ini adalah kurangnya pemahaman tentang karakter bangsa dan juga kearifan lokal yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat tertentu. Sementara itu, Indonesia sebagai negara kaya akan karakter yang bisa menyatukan masyarakat di bawah bendera negara dan mengurangi konflik di antara mereka. Dalam konteks wilayah Sulawesi Selatan, setidaknya ada tiga karakter berbeda yang dapat menurunkan kemunculan radikalisme. Pertama, hargai perbedaannya. Kedua, mereka berpikiran terbuka. Ketiga, menjaga tradisi ashame (siri) sebagai jenius lokal. Karakter ini adalah ibu kota sosial masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan dalam mengatasi pemahaman radikalisme.  Penulis kemudian menyimpulkan bahwa jika setiap etnis di Indonesia membuat jenius lokal mereka sebagai filosofi mereka dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, gerakan radikalisme dapat ditangani di seluruh negeri.]
al-Mu'amalah ma'a al-Bi'ah fi Manzur al-Qur'an al-Karim: Dirasat al-Tafsir al-Mawdu'i al-Siyaqi
Authors: Mustaqim Abd
Published: December 2018

Krisis lingkungan merupakan salah satu isu aktual yang perlu mendapat perhatian serius, bukan saja dari para ilmuan, tetapi juga para agamawan,  karena kerusakan alam telah sedemikian menggurita dan diperlukan “agama baru” yang memiliki konsern terhadap problem lingkungan. Untuk itu, Al-Qur’an sebagai sumber etik tertinggi bagi umat Islam perlu dikaji secara komprehensif untuk menemukan prinsip-prinsip etik dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Membiarkan lingkungan alam rusak, tanpa upaya untuk memeliharanya, sama artinya dengan menandatangi kontrak bagi kehancuran alam dan eksistensi manusia itu sendiri. Dengan pendekatan tafsir tematik-kontekstual, setidaknya ditemukan beberapa kesimpulan bahwa interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan secara baik merupakan bagian dari pengamalan agama. Barangsiapa yang akidahnya benar, maka akan benar pula dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Ini karena, dalam pandangan al-Qur’an, lingkungan setidaknya merupakan sign of God (âyat Allah (tanda kekuasaan dan eksistensi Tuhan). Setidaknya lingkungan alam memiliki tiga ciri khas yaitu, fungsional, dialektik, dan estetis dalam kehidupan manusia. Hal itu meniscayakan pentingya memegang  teguh prinsip-prinsip etik  dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan alam, yaitu: 1) tidak melakukan kerusakan, 2) berlaku adil, 3) berbuat ihsan dan 4) seimbang dan tidak eskploitatif  dalam menggunakan sumber daya alam.
Hegemony of Involvement of Tafsir in Political Identity
Authors: Herlambang Saifuddin , Kurniawan Syamsul
Published: December 2018

Tafsir is a process of text transmission that is inseparable from the ideological and theoretical framework as well as the influence of socio-political conditions and intellectual traditions of interpreters in which the interests will always be present in all the transmission process. This research focuses on the clarity of interpretation in identity politics, which departs from the writer’s anxiety about the phenomena of dragging tafsir in identity politics, as well as the prevalent trends occurring today in Indonesian politics as in the context of the Jakarta Local Election where the QS al-Maidah (5) verse 51 is not only a debatable issue but had also dragged the legitimacy of whether or not to vote for non-Muslim leaders. This research is a qualitative study with descriptive approach, which is hermeneutically analyzed.[Tafsir merupakan proses transmisi teks yang tak terlepas dari kerangka teoretis ideologis dan pengaruh kondisi sosial politik serta tradisi intelektual penafsir di mana kepentingan akan selalu hadir dalam semua proses transmisi tersebut. Fokus kajian ini adalah tentang keterseratan tafsir dalam politik identitas, yang berangkat dari kegelisahan penulis tentang fenomena keterseretan tafsir dalam politik identitas, sebagaimana kecenderungan yang marak terjadi dewasa ini dalam perpolitikan di Indonesia. Seperti, pada konteks Pilkada DKI Jakarta di mana ayat pada QS al-Maidah (5) ayat 51 tidak hanya menjadi modal perdebatan tetapi juga diseret-seret dalam legitimasi tentang boleh atau tidaknya memilih pemimpin yang non muslim.  Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, yang dianalisis secara hermeneutika.]
Análisis socio-ecológico de una iniciativa de restauración liderada por autoridades ambientales en Santander, Colombia
Authors: Duarte Hernández Doris , Avella Muñoz Edgar Andrés
Published: December 2018

Se realizó el análisis socio-ecológico a un proyecto de restauración liderado por autoridades ambientales en Santander (Colombia); para ello se identificaron criterios sociales y ecológicos, se hizo una caracterización social y análisis multicriterio (con este último se obtuvo la valoración por criterio para cada actor y una valoración general del proyecto). A nivel social, la vinculación de actores fue muy buena (81/100), en contraste con la claridad conceptual y aporte de trabajo voluntario (50/100). A nivel ecológico, la prioridad para recuperar estructura, función y servicios ecosistémicos fue buena (79/100), mientras el número de especies autóctonas usadas fue regular (49/100). La gestión del proyecto fue buena (63/100), de acuerdo a los criterios socio-ecológicos definidos. Se concluyó que es importante planificar la fase de propagación de material vegetal, seleccionando especies según criterios funcionales e importancia para las comunidades que son actores fundamentales para la gobernanza y empoderamiento desde la formulación de los proyectos.
Estudio florístico y estructural de un zural boscoso en el municipio de Arauca, Colombia
Authors: Mijares Santana Francisco Javier , Pérez Buitrago Néstor
Published: December 2018

Se determinó la composición florística y estructural de un zural boscoso con montículos de en promedio 1.36 m de altura y 2.7 m de diámetro localizado en la llanura aluvial del municipio de Arauca. Se muestreó un área de 0.1 ha con diez transectos de 50 x 2 m para estudiar vegetación leñosa y herbácea. Se registraron 849 individuos de 29 familias, 36 géneros y 40 especies. Por sus características de clases diamétricas y aspectos sociológicos del zural boscoso se considera que este tipo de bosques no podría ser usado con fines de extracción de madera a gran escala y posiblemente los servicios ecosistémicos que provee son de regulación. De las especies registradas se destacan: Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr (Orchidaceae), como nuevo registro para el departamento de Arauca; Guapira cf. pubescens (Kunth) Lundell (Nyctaginaceae) y Pouteria cf. stipitata Cronquist (Sapotaceae), como posibles nuevos registros para Colombia.
Remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos por el bosque urbano en el valle de Aburrá
Authors: Arroyave Maya María Del Pilar , Posada Posada Martha Isabel , Nowak David J , Hoehn Robert E
Published: December 2018

Los bosques urbanos prestan diferentes servicios ecosistémicos, tales como la remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos, la captura de carbono, la regulación hídrica y microclimática, y la oferta de hábitat para la fauna silvestre. Esto mejora la calidad ambiental y el bienestar de la población. En este estudio se analizó la estructura del bosque urbano del valle de Aburrá y se estimó y valoró su aporte a la remoción de contaminantes atmosféricos mediante el software i-Tree Eco. Para esto se establecieron 398 parcelas de muestreo forestal y se utilizó información secundaria sobre las condiciones climáticas y de contaminación. Se encontró un 23% de cobertura arbórea en el área de estudio y una remoción de 228 toneladas de contaminantes por año (valor aproximado de 2.1 millones USD). Finalmente, se recomiendan estrategias para la optimización de este servicio y la creación de mecanismos para compensar la pérdida de coberturas arbóreas.
Phytochemical Constituents of Leaves Essential oils of Achillea fragrantissima (Asteraceae) from Iraq
Authors: Qader Karzan O. , Al-Saadi Sahar A.A. Malik , Faraj Ibrahim M.
Published: December 2018

Essential oils of Achillea fragrantissima extract were prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 57 phytochemical constituents of chemical compounds were identified in leaves of A. fragrantissima. The major constituents of the essential oil were camphor (34.50%), 1, 8-cineole (14.60%), artemisia ketone (10.25%), and 3-thujanone (7.82%). In addition, 43 components were present at <1%. From the 57 identified compounds, four of them was sesquiterpenes (7.01%), whereas 35 compounds were monoterpenes (61.40%).
STEM Uygulamalarının Kız Öğrencilerin STEM Tutum ve Mühendislik Algılarına Etkisi
Authors: YILDIRIM Bekir , TÜRK Cumhur
Published: December 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Fen Bilimleri
öğretim programına entegre edilmiş STEM uygulamalarının kız öğrencilerin STEM’e
yönelik tutumları ile mühendis-mühendisliğe yönelik görüşlerine etkisini
incelemektir. Araştırmada nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerin birlikte yer
aldığı karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Nicel boyutta ön test-son test kontrol
gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Muş
ilinde yer alan bir İmam Hatip Kız Ortaokulu’nda öğrenim gören 87 öğrenci
oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada nicel veri toplama aracı olarak “STEM Tutum Ölçeği
(STÖ)”, nitel veri toplama aracı olarak “Mühendislik Bilgi Formu (MBF)”
kullanılmıştır. Veri analizleri sonucunda STEM uygulamalarının kız öğrencilerin
STEM’e yönelik tutumlarını geliştirmede etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca
uygulamalar öncesi mühendisliğin erkeklere yönelik bir meslek olduğu görüşüne
sahip olan öğrencilerin bazılarının, uygulamalar sonrası kadınların da mühendis
olabileceği yönünde görüşe sahip olmaya başladıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bununla
birlikte STEM uygulamalarının kızların mühendislik-matematik-fen arasında daha
fazla ilişki kurmalarına yardımcı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar
doğrultusunda, STEM uygulamalarına öğretim programlarına daha fazla yer
verilmesi ve kız öğrencilerle daha fazla STEM çalışmalarının yapılması
önerilmiştir
FENOMENA PEMBONCENG GRATIS (FREE RIDERS) DI SEKITAR KOTA BARU BUMI SERPONG DAMAI (BSD CITY)
Authors: Diningrat Rendy Adriyan
Published: December 2018

The success of Kota Baru Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD City) as a new growth center triggers the development of free riders in the surrounding area. One of their form is small-scale housings which are riding the new town’s infrastructure. Using a qualitative method, this paper takes part in revealing this phenomenon deeper, especially in terms of motivation and behavior. The discourse will emphasize the urgency of free riders’ management, both their positives and negatives, to keep the new town development goals inclusive and sustainable.