bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Effect of Green Roofs in Office Building Districts on Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect and Reducing CO2 Emissions
Authors: Hirano Yujiro , Ihara Tomohiko , Gomi Kei , Fujita Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2019

This study focused on the effects of green roofs in office building districts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of green roofs in the reduction of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and CO2 emissions. These effects consider decreased energy consumption for space cooling, and the amount of water needed for evapotranspiration on the green roofs. A coupled urban canopy/building energy model (CM-BEM) was utilized to simulate the effectiveness of green roofs. The amount of water needed for evapotranspiration was calculated by using latent heat flux, which was derived from the results of roof surface heat balance calculations. The effect of green roofs on CO2 emissions was determined based on their effectiveness to reduce the energy demand for space cooling, calculated by air-conditioning load simulation. We calculated the CO2 emissions from powering the pumps and the use of tap water, when the necessary amount of water was supplied by watering. Finally, the relationships between amount of water, UHI mitigation, and CO2 emissions were determined.
Temporal Changes in Multiple Ecosystem Services and Their Bundles Responding to Urbanization and Ecological Restoration in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Metropolitan Area
Authors: Yang Yanying , Zheng Hua , Xu Weihua , Zhang Lu , Ouyang Zhiyun
Published: April 2019

By 2050, 70% of the human population is likely to be living in cities, making urbanization an increasing global trend. Detecting changes in ecosystem services (ES) and their bundles in response to urbanization is critical for evaluating land-use policies. We examined changes in the provision of grains, vegetables, fruits, carbon sequestration, soil retention, sandstorm prevention, and water retention from 2000 to 2010 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei metropolitan area, China; then, using a k-means cluster analysis, we classified 202 counties of this area into groups (bundles) based on their similar sets of ES. We found that (1) urban area, forestland, and grassland increased by 22%, 3.6%, and 1.7%, respectively, while cropland decreased by 4.6%; (2) the provision of grains, vegetables, and fruits increased by 24–90%, despite an overall loss in cropland; carbon storage and sand retention increased by 40% and 7%, respectively, while soil and water retention increased slightly by approx. 1% each; (3) 72 counties changed their ES bundles; and the “agriculture bundle” dominated the landscape in 2000 while it decreased by 50% in 2010 and was mainly transformed to “sub-developed urban bundle”, indicating loss of cropland during that decade. The transformation of ES bundles can be used to understand the effects of urbanization. The study indicated that improved technologies and ecological restoration in rural areas can help sustain multiple ES in our rapidly urbanizing world.
Spatial Considerations for Implementing Two Direct-to-Consumer Food Models in Two States
Authors: Sitaker Marilyn , McGuirt Jared T. , Wang Weiwei , Kolodinsky Jane , Seguin Rebecca A.
Published: April 2019

To open new markets, some farmers have adapted direct-to-consumer (DTC) models, such as Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), to reach new settings or audiences. We compared sociodemographic and geospatial contexts to farmers’ experience with one of two DTC innovations: a cost-offset CSA for low-income families and food boxes distributed through rural convenience stores. We geocoded addresses of thirteen farms and DTC pickup sites in two U.S. states (Vermont and Washington) and calculated road network distances from pickup to supermarket, farmers’ market, and farm. We compiled Census block-level demographic and transportation data, and compared it to postseason interviews to explore the effect of suitability of the pickup location; proximity to food retail; and potential farmer burden. Most pickup areas were heavily car-dependent, with low walkability and few public transportation options. Conventional sources of fresh produce were within six miles of most pickups, but farmers markets were further away. Despite modest profitability, both models were deemed worth pursuing, as they expanded farmers’ customer base. Farmers implementing the store-distributed food box were sensitive to market trends and customer needs in choosing pickup location. Farmers seemed more concerned with marketing in convenience store settings, and finding efficient ways to conduct recordkeeping than with delivery distances.
Determining Appropriate Lane-Changing Spacing for Off-Ramp Areas of Urban Expressways
Authors: Huang Zhufei , Zhang Zihan , Li Haijian , Qin Lingqiao , Rong Jian
Published: April 2019

Congestion has become a significant issue in recent years and has greatly affected the efficiency of urban traffic operation. Random and disorderly lane-changing behavior greatly reduces traffic capacity and safety. This paper is mainly concerned with the relationship of lane-changing spacing intervals provided by off-ramp facilities and traffic flow conditions. Through field investigations in Beijing, several typical lane-changing behaviors at off-ramp areas are analyzed. By using field traffic data and actual road geometry parameters, VISSIM-based micro-behavior simulations at off-ramp areas are implemented to obtain traffic flow conditions with different lane-changing spacing intervals and other model parameters, such as traffic volume and ratio of off-ramp vehicles. Then, the numerical relationships between traffic flow state and model parameters can be shown. The results show that with increasing traffic volume and the ratio of off-ramp vehicles, the lane-changing spacing interval required by vehicles should be increased. For the same ratio of off-ramp vehicles, if the traffic volume increases by 100 pcu/h/lane (pcu is a unit to stand for a standard passenger car), the corresponding lane-changing spacing interval should be increased by a spacing of 50–100 m to avoid increasing congestion. Based on the results of this paper, smart lane management can be implemented by optimizing lane-changing spacing intervals and lane-changing behaviors to improve traffic capacity.
Impact of PSO Reinitialization on the Accuracy of Dynamic Global Maximum Power Detection of Variant Partially Shaded PV Systems
Authors: Eltamaly Ali M. , M. H. Farh Hassan , S. Al Saud Mamdooh
Published: April 2019

The Global Maximum Power (GMP) of photovoltaic (PV) systems changes its location on the power–voltage (P–V) curve as the shading pattern (SP) changes over time. Although the original Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique can catch the GMP easily under the same SP, once it changes its location, it cannot catch the new GMP because the particles search around the first GMP caught. Therefore, conventional PSO is a time-invariant GMP tracker that cannot follow the dynamic GMP under variant SP. The novelty in this study is the modification of the conventional PSO technique to become a time-variant GMP technique. This has been achieved through dispersing the particles based on two new reinitialization methodologies for searching for the variant GMP. The first methodology depends on dispersing the PSO particles at a certain predefined time (PDT) in order to look for the new GMP of the new SP. The latter depends on continually monitoring any changes in the SP to disperse the particles to follow the new GMP. A detailed comparison between the improved PSO with two new reinitialization methodologies and the conventional PSO is introduced. The improved PSO with SP change reinitialization methodology tracked the dynamic GMP efficiently and accurately compared the conventional PSO and the improved PSO with PDT reinitialization. Also, no hardware modification in the existing PV system is required, which makes it an excellent option to improve the performance of new and existing PV systems.
Disaggregation Method of Carbon Emission: A Case Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Luo Minghai , Qin Sixian , Chang Haoxue , Zhang Anqi
Published: April 2019

Urban areas contribute significant carbon emissions. Evaluating and analysing the spatial distribution of carbon emissions are the foundations of low-carbon city development and carbon emissions reduction. In this study, carbon emission inventory was first constructed and carbon emissions in Wuhan were estimated on the basis of energy consumption. Second, the spatial distribution models of carbon emissions in different sectors were developed on the basis of the census of the Wuhan geographical conditions data and other thematic data. Third, the carbon emission distribution in Wuhan was analyzed at the central urban, functional, new urban, built-up, and metropolitan development area scale. Results show that the industry sector emits most of the carbon emissions in Wuhan, followed by the residential population. Carbon emissions in the metropolitan development area can stand for the true carbon emissions in Wuhan. Thus, a geographically weighted (GW) model was adopted to analyze the correlation coefficients between economical-social factors (gross domestic product, population density, road density, industrial land and residential land) and carbon emissions in the metropolitan development area. Comparisons with other studies show that the disaggregation method we proposed in this work, especially the adoption of geographical condition census data, can reflect the spatial distribution of carbon emissions of different sectors at the city scale.
Cells with Broken Left–Right Symmetry: Roles of Intrinsic Cell Chirality in Left–Right Asymmetric Epithelial Morphogenesis
Authors: Utsunomiya Sosuke , Sakamura So , Sasamura Takeshi , Ishibashi Tomoki , Maeda Chinami , Inaki Mikiko , Matsuno Kenji
Published: April 2019

Chirality is a fundamental feature in biology, from the molecular to the organismal level. An animal has chirality in the left–right asymmetric structure and function of its body. In general, chirality occurring at the molecular and organ/organism scales has been studied separately. However, recently, chirality was found at the cellular level in various species. This “cell chirality” can serve as a link between molecular chirality and that of an organ or animal. Cell chirality is observed in the structure, motility, and cytoplasmic dynamics of cells and the mechanisms of cell chirality formation are beginning to be understood. In all cases studied so far, proteins that interact chirally with F-actin, such as formin and myosin I, play essential roles in cell chirality formation or the switching of a cell’s enantiomorphic state. Thus, the chirality of F-actin may represent the ultimate origin of cell chirality. Links between cell chirality and left–right body asymmetry are also starting to be revealed in various animal species. In this review, the mechanisms of cell chirality formation and its roles in left–right asymmetric development are discussed, with a focus on the fruit fly Drosophila, in which many of the pioneering studies were conducted.
Configuration Equilibrium Model of Product Variant Design Driven by Customer Requirements
Authors: Yang Qin , Bian Xianjun , Stark Rainer , Fresemann Carina , Song Fei
Published: April 2019

In view of the dynamic change of customer requirements (CRs) during the process of product use, in this paper we propose a Bayesian Nash equilibrium configuration model for product variant design driven by CRs. By analyzing CRs, the complete variant requirements of the products can be obtained. Combined with modularization and parameterization variant design methods, a parametric variant instance is proposed. Since cost and delivery time are affected by the product variant design, firms and customers are established as two decision-making bodies, and Bayesian Nash theory is introduced to the product configuration. The theory takes the product cost and customer satisfaction as the payoff function of the game, and based on the threshold value search of the customer satisfaction it determines the strategy set of the two parties. The Nash equilibrium solution equation is established and solved by a simulated annealing algorithm. The optimal product configuration scheme satisfying the interests of both sides of the game is obtained. Finally, the automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is taken as an example to illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the method.
Integration of Biometrics and Steganography: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: McAteer Ian , Ibrahim Ahmed , Zheng Guanglou , Yang Wencheng , Valli Craig
Published: April 2019

The use of an individual’s biometric characteristics to advance authentication and verification technology beyond the current dependence on passwords has been the subject of extensive research for some time. Since such physical characteristics cannot be hidden from the public eye, the security of digitised biometric data becomes paramount to avoid the risk of substitution or replay attacks. Biometric systems have readily embraced cryptography to encrypt the data extracted from the scanning of anatomical features. Significant amounts of research have also gone into the integration of biometrics with steganography to add a layer to the defence-in-depth security model, and this has the potential to augment both access control parameters and the secure transmission of sensitive biometric data. However, despite these efforts, the amalgamation of biometric and steganographic methods has failed to transition from the research lab into real-world applications. In light of this review of both academic and industry literature, we suggest that future research should focus on identifying an acceptable level steganographic embedding for biometric applications, securing exchange of steganography keys, identifying and address legal implications, and developing industry standards.
Cholera Toxin Encapsulated within Several Vibrio cholerae O1 Serotype Inaba Outer Membrane Vesicles Lacks a Functional B-Subunit
Authors: Rasti Elnaz S. , Brown Angela C.
Published: April 2019

Cholera toxin (CT), the major virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, is an AB5 toxin secreted through the type II secretion system (T2SS). Upon secretion, the toxin initiates endocytosis through the interaction of the B pentamer with the GM1 ganglioside receptor on small intestinal cells. In addition to the release of CT in the free form, the bacteria secrete CT in association with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Previously, we demonstrated that strain 569B releases OMVs that encapsulate CT and which interact with host cells in a GM1-independent mechanism. Here, we have demonstrated that OMV-encapsulated CT, while biologically active, does not exist in an AB5 form; rather, the OMVs encapsulate two enzymatic A-subunit (CTA) polypeptides. We further investigated the assembly and secretion of the periplasmic CT and found that a major fraction of periplasmic CTA does not participate in the CT assembly process and instead is continuously encapsulated within the OMVs. Additionally, we found that the encapsulation of CTA fragments in OMVs is conserved among several Inaba O1 strains. We further found that under conditions in which the amount of extracellularly secreted CT increases, the concentration of OMV-encapsulated likewise CTA increases. These results point to a secondary mechanism for the secretion of biologically active CT that does not depend on the CTB-GM1 interaction for endocytosis.
Critical Role of an MHC Class I-Like/Innate-Like T Cell Immune Surveillance System in Host Defense against Ranavirus (Frog Virus 3) Infection
Authors: Edholm Eva-Stina Isabella , De Jesús Andino Francisco , Yim Jinyeong , Woo Katherine , Robert Jacques
Published: April 2019

Besides the central role of classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class Ia-restricted conventional Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells in antiviral host immune response, the amphibian Xenopus laevis critically rely on MHC class I-like (mhc1b10.1.L or XNC10)-restricted innate-like (i)T cells (iVα6 T cells) to control infection by the ranavirus Frog virus 3 (FV3). To complement and extend our previous reverse genetic studies showing that iVα6 T cells are required for tadpole survival, as well as for timely and effective adult viral clearance, we examined the conditions and kinetics of iVα6 T cell response against FV3. Using a FV3 knock-out (KO) growth-defective mutant, we found that upregulation of the XNC10 restricting class I-like gene and the rapid recruitment of iVα6 T cells depend on detectable viral replication and productive FV3 infection. In addition, by in vivo depletion with XNC10 tetramers, we demonstrated the direct antiviral effector function of iVα6 T cells. Notably, the transitory iVα6 T cell defect delayed innate interferon and cytokine gene response, resulting in long-lasting negative inability to control FV3 infection. These findings suggest that in Xenopus and likely other amphibians, an immune surveillance system based on the early activation of iT cells by non-polymorphic MHC class-I like molecules is important for efficient antiviral immune response.
Concrete Dam Displacement Prediction Based on an ISODATA-GMM Clustering and Random Coefficient Model
Authors: Hu Yating , Shao Chenfei , Gu Chongshi , Meng Zhenzhu
Published: April 2019

Displacement data modelling is of great importance for the safety control of concrete dams. The commonly used artificial intelligence method modelled the displacement data at each monitoring point individually, i.e., the data correlations between the monitoring points are overlooked, which leads to the over-fitting problem and the limitations in the generalization of model. A novel model combines Gaussian mixture model and Iterative self-organizing data analysing (ISODATA-GMM) clustering and the random coefficient method is proposed in this article, which takes the temporal-spatial correlation among the monitoring points into account. By taking the temporal-spatial correlation among the monitoring points into account and building models for all the points simultaneously, the random coefficient model improves the generalization ability of the model through reducing the number of free model variables. Since the random coefficient model supposed the data follows normal distributions, we use an ISODATA-GMM clustering algorithm to classify the measuring points into several groups according to its temporal and spatial characteristics, so that each group follows one distribution. Our model has the advantage of having a stronger generalization ability.
Decision Support Concept to Selection of Wastewater Treatment Plant Location—the Case Study of Town of Kutina, Croatia
Authors: Jajac Nikša , Marović Ivan , Rogulj Katarina , Kilić Jelena
Published: April 2019

In environmental projects, decision-making can be a complex and challenging task due to the in-built existence of compromises between environmental, socio-political, and economic factors. This paper explores a systematic approach to developing a decision support concept that includes the analysis of wastewater treatment problems, knowledge acquisition, and the identification and evaluation of criteria that bring forth an optimal solution to the location selection of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The objective of this research is to develop a decision support concept (DSC) to aid in the planning phases of complex engineering projects, such as the construction of WWTP. The development of the concept starts with an assessment of the issue and an identification of relevant stakeholders accepting their different views and attitudes in an attempt to resolve this issue. The DSC was tested on a real case project—WWTP location selection within the town of Kutina, Croatia. Results indicate that it is possible to develop such a concept based on multicriteria methods on which decision-makers can rely.
Behavior of TiO2 and CeO2 Nanoparticles and Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Bottled Mineral, Drinking and Lake Geneva Waters. Impact of Water Hardness and Natural Organic Matter on Nanoparticle Surface Properties and Aggregation
Authors: Ramirez Lina , Ramseier Gentile Stephan , Zimmermann Stéphane , Stoll Serge
Published: April 2019

Intensive use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in daily products ineluctably results in their release into aquatic systems and consequently into drinking water resources. Therefore, understanding NPs behavior in various waters from naturel to mineral waters is crucial for risk assessment evaluation and the efficient removal of NPs during the drinking water treatment process. In this study, the impact of relevant physicochemical parameters, such as pH, water hardness, and presence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the surface charge properties and aggregation abilities of both NPs and nanoplastic particles is investigated. TiO2, CeO2, and Polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics are selected, owing to their large number applications and contrasting characteristics at environmental pH. Experiments are performed in different water samples, including, ultrapure water, three bottled mineral waters, Lake Geneva, and drinking water produced from Lake Geneva. Our findings demonstrate that both water hardness and negatively charged natural organic matter concentrations, which were measured via dissolved organic carbon determination, are playing important roles. At environmental pH, when negatively charged nanoparticles are considered, specific cation adsorption is promoting aggregation so long as NOM concentration is limited. On the other hand, NOM adsorption is expected to be a key process in NPs destabilization when positively charged PS nanoplastics are considered.
Coherence: Implications for Teaching Writing
Authors: Sarzhoska-Georgievska Emilija
Published: April 2019

The paper presents the results of a study consisting of three text-based analyses of groups of student argumentative essays written on the same topic. The aim was to identify text-based features of coherence in L1 and L2. The analyses were carried out on essays written by first and third year undergraduates at the Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Philology "Blazhe Koneski" at the Ss. "Cyril and Methodius" University in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia who wrote in their first language Macedonian, L1, and in English as a foreign language, L2. The goal was to recognise the importance of discourse organisation in academic writing in L1, and to examine factors which may affect second language learners' competence in the organisation of written discourse in English as a foreign language, L2. The paper points out the differences in the rhetorical models in Macedonian and English written discourse and how these differences may have an impact on writing assessment and the teaching of writing at university level.
Peran Media Cetak dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Politik di Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Kecamatan Medan Tembung Kota Medan
Authors: Ivanna Julia , Pardede Anita Jojor , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: April 2019

This study aims to determine the role of print media (newspaper analysis) in increasing the political participation of the community in Bandar Selamat sub-district, Medan Tembung sub-district, Medan city. This study uses a quantitative method with a population consisting of 12 environments with a population of 4490 households. The sample is 2 (two) environments, namely environment VI totaling 527 families and environment X1 totaling 178 families, so as to obtain a total sample of 71 families. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling technique, namely the two environments that have a high reading level of newspaper analysis. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, questionnaire and documentation. To analyze the data, the product Moment correlation formula is used. Based on the results of research and data analysis it can be seen that the hypothesis (Ha) can be accepted, with the interpretation that there is a low influence (12%). Where the variable X (the role of the print media "Analysis newspaper") is very well enjoyed by the community in Bandar Selamat Village, but on the other hand the variable Y (the political participation of the community is relatively low). Therefore, it can be said that the role of the print media in increasing the political participation of the community is low. Based on the results of testing the hypothesis (Ha) can be accepted with the conclusion that there is a low influence on the role of the print media in increasing the political participation of the community in Bandar Selamat Village, Medan Tembung Sub-District, Medan City.
Indigenous Knowledge Masyarakat Etnis Karo Terhadap Pengelolaan Tumbuhan Hutan Di Desa Lingga, Kabupaten Karo
Authors: Suharyanto Agung , Harianja Ramot Simon Hans Kristian , Ndraha Putri Wijayanti , Saragih Ika Santi Kasima , Sipayung Karen Fransiska , Harahap Nurhasanah , Nababan Richard Daniel
Published: April 2019

Purpose of this study is to determine the Indigenous Knowledge ethnic Karo to the use of plants Forest and to know the processing plants Forest in the village Lingga as the treatment of traditional. This study using qualitative research methods with descriptive approach. Indigenous Knowledge owned ethnic communities Karo this is hereditary, which is inherited directly from their ancestors. Uniquely although inherited hereditary, not necessarily all family members can have the expertise of this, still only people tertentulah in the family pass on the ability in the manufacturing of traditional medicines this. There are a variety of drugs formulated by ethnic communities Karo of herbs Forest around the village Lingga by using the way, tools and simple ingredients used to be drugs to overcome the different types of disease, ranging from mild disease, such as headache, cough, colds, etc., up to the disease that requires handling serious, such as the wound in the result of an accident. as for the type of drugs is among others: blurted, drugs in or cuts deep parem, fresh, eye drug, drug smallpox, clean skin the newborn, drug wound, keeping the waist baby when learning run, and drug sprained
KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH MERAH (PIPER CROCATUM, RUIZ&PAV) SEBAGAI OBAT ANTIDIABETES MENUJU OBAT HERBAL TERSTANDAR
Authors: Kusuma Eka Wisnu , Andriani Disa
Published: April 2019

Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat potensial yang digunakan masyarakat untuk pengobatan diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) menjadi raw material yang memenuhi standar ekstrak tumbuhan obat dalam pemenuhan mutu ekstrak menjadi obat herbal terstandar (OHT) antidiabetes. Pembuatan ekstrak dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% selama 3 hari. Karakterisasi mengacu pada standarisasi dan analisa data berdasarkan Parameter Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat (Kepmenkes RI No: 55/Menkes/SK/I/2000) dan Peraturan Kepala BPOM RI Nomor 12 tahun 2014 tentang Persyaratan Mutu Obat Tradisional. Ekstrak daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) memenuhi standar raw material sediaan OHT dengan organoleptis berbentuk serbuk kering, warna coklat tua, bau aromatis, dan memiliki rasa asam sepat pahit. Kadar air(%) 6,795±0,0017(<10%). Uji angka lempeng total 0,9 x 102 koloni/g. Uji kapang khamir 1 x 102 koloni/g. dan pada pengujian cemaran mikroba didalam ekstrak hasilnya negatif. aflatoksin B1<0,23(<5 ug/kg), B2 <0,19 ug/kg, G1<0,23 ug/kg, G2<0,84 ug/kg dan aflatoksin total <0,84 ( <20 ug/kg). Pada pengujian logam berat didapatkan logam Pb <0,165ppm, Cd <0,159 ppm, As <0,0217ppm dan Hg <0,018ppm

Kata kunci: daun sirih merah, standardisasi, diabetes melitus

Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav known as “Daun sirih merah” is one of the potential medicinal plants thatused for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study aims to improve the quality of red betel leaves (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) into raw materials that meet the standards of medicinal plant extracts in fulÞ lling the quality of the extract into antidiabetic standardized herbal medicine (OHT). Making extract with maceration method with 96% ethanol as much as 10 L for 3 days. Characterization refers to the standardization and analysis of data based on Parameter of Medicinal Plant Extracts (Kepmenkes RI No: 55 / Menkes / SK / I / 2000) and the Regulation of the Head of BPOM RI Number 12 of 2014 concerning Quality Requirements for Traditional Medicines. Red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) meets the standard raw material for OHT preparations with organoleptis in the form of dry powder, dark brown color, aromatic odor, and has a bitter acid taste. Moisture content (%) 6,795 ± 0,0017 ( <10%). Test the total plate number 0.9 x 102 colonies / g. Test of yeasts contamination 1 x 102 colonies / g.The total bacteria test in the extract was negative. The aflatoxin content B1<0,23( 5 ug/kg), B2 <0,19 ug/kg, G1<0,23 ug/kg, G2<0,84 ug/kg and total aflatoxin content <0,84 ( <20 ug/kg). The heavy metal tests resulted Pb metal of <0,165ppm,Cd <0,159 ppm, As <0,0217ppm and Hg <0,018ppm

Keywords: piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav, Standardization, diabetes mellitus
HUBUNGAN EFIKASI DIRI PEMBERIAN MAKAN OLEH IBU DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI POSYANDU BALITA PERUMAHAN SAMIRUKUN PLESUNGAN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Solikhah Maula Mar’atus , Ardiani Nurul Devi
Published: April 2019

Sampai saat ini masalah gizi pada balita masih merupakan tantangan yang harus diatasi dengan serius. Prevalensi gizi buruk diatas rerata nasional (5,4%) di 21 provinsi dan 216 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Faktor penyebab utama kurang gizi pada balita yaitu disebabkan kurangnya asupan makanan bergizi dalam tubuh balita baik secara kualitas dan kuantitas selain itu juga efikasi diri ibu dalam pemberian makan balita dan perilaku ibu dalam pola asuh makan balita. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan efikasi diri pemberian makan oleh ibu dengan status gizi balita Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sejumlah 47 orang tua balita diminta mengisi kuesioner efikasi diri dalam pemberian makan dan sekaligus akan dilakukan penimbangan pada balitanya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan efikasi diri ibu dalam pemberian makan dengan status gizi balita (p value 0.031, : 0.05). responden yang memiliki efikasi diri yang kurang berisiko 0,091 kali memiliki status gizi balita yang tidak normal dibandingkan dengan responden yang memiliki efikasi diri yang baik (CI 95%; OR: 0,010-0,801). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan program peningkatan efikasi diri ibu dalam pemberian makan balita sebagai upaya perbaikan gizi balita.

Kata Kunci: efikasi diri ibu, gizi balita, balita

Nutritional problems in infants are a challenge that must be taken seriously. The prevalence of malnutrition is above the national average (5.4%) in 21 provinces and 216 districts/cities in Indonesia. The main causes of malnutrition in a toddler are lack of nutritious food intake in toddlers’ bodies both in quality and quantity. Besides that, maternal self-efficacy in toddler feeding and mother’s behaviour in parenting eating toddlers. The aim of the study was to identify the correlation of maternal self-efficacy in toddler feeding with the toddler’s nutritional status. The study used a cross-sectional design. There were 47 parents who were asked to fill out a questionnaire about maternal self-efÞ cacy in toddler feeding and at the same time carried out of weighing a toddler’s weight. The results showed a correlation of maternal self-efficacy in toddler feeding and the toddler’s nutritional status (p-value 0.031, : 0.05). Respondents who had less risk of self-efficacy 0.091 times had abnormal toddler’s nutritional status who compared to respondents who had good self-efficacy (95% CI; OR: 0.010-0.801). This study recommends a program to improve maternal self-efficacy in toddler feeding as an effort to improve toddler nutrition.

Keywords: Maternal Self-efficacy, Nutrition, Toddler
IMPLEMENTASI AKTIVITAS PROGRAM PENINGKATAN GIZI DI POSYANDU DUSUN GONDANG, DESA BATUR, KECAMATAN GETASAN, KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Sari Yesstia Pulung , Sujana Treesia , Nugroho Kristiawan Prasetyo Agung
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang penelitian adalah permasalahan status gizi pada balita. Pada tahun 2013, kasus gizi di Kabupaten Semarang tercatat sebanyak 1,05% balita dengan gizi buruk dan 6,63% balita dengan gizi kurang. Selain itu, berdasarkan data Kohort tahun 2016 di Dusun Gondang terdapat sebanyak

21,4% balita dengan gizi kurang dan 14,3% balita tidak secara rutin mengikuti program Posyandu. Meskipun Posyandu telah dilaksanakan secara rutin, terdata pada tahun 2014 Posyandu sebanyak

289.685 tersebar di wilayah Indonesia. Padahal adanya program Posyandu memiliki 5 kegiatan utama, salah satunya yaitu mengenai gizi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan yang mendasari program Posyandu, aktivitas Posyandu dilaksanakan, dan status gizi balita di Dusun Gondang, Desa Getasan. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan beberapa teknik pengumpulan data seperti observasi, wawancara dan pembelajaran terhadap dokumentasi. Data penelitian dideskripsikan, dilanjutkan mentranskrip dan reduksi data. Penelitian dilakukan selama 1 bulan pada Februari 2017 di Dusun Gondang, Desa Getasan. Simpulan penelitian adalah bahwa Program Posyandu di Desa Getasan telah mengikuti kebijakan pemerintah pusat dimana aktivitas Posyandu sudah cukup sesuai dengan ketetuan yang ada dan kondisi balita dengan gizi kurang sebanyak 4 balita di Dusun Gondang.

 

Kata Kunci : kebijakan, Posyandu, status gizi balita

 

ABSTRACT

Nutritional problem on children’s age has long become a concern. In 2013, Semarang recorded 1.05% of under-fives children with poor nutritional status and 6.63% of under-fives with malnutrition status. In addition, based on the cohort data in 2016 there were 21.4% of under-fives children who had poor nutrition and 14.3% of children did not regularly come to the Posyandu program, eventhough it had been carried out regularly in Dusun Gondang. It is identifiied that in 2014, there are 289,685 Posyandu which had been carried out nation-wide. Posyandu has 5 main activities, and one of them focused on nutritional problem. The purpose of this study is to understand the underlying policy of Posyandu program, activities which implemented in each program, and nutritional status of under five children in Dusun Gondang, Getasan Village. This study used case study method, which utilizied several data collection techniques, which were: observation, interview and documentation study. This study was held for 1 month started from February, 2017. The collected data then described and reduced. The conclusion which emerged from this study especially describes the Posyandu program in Getasan village which had been carried out according to the central government policy. The implementation of programs in Posyandu has been done according to the current policy, however there were still 4 under five children identified with poor nutritional status.

 

Keywords: policy, Posyandu, nutritional status children under five years old
KESIAPAN MENGHADAPI MENARCHE DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH
Authors: Retnaningsih Dwi , Wulandari Priharyanti , Afriana Vina Haris
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK Anak memandang menarche adalah hal yang menakutkan karena menarche akan menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan, pusing. Menarche adalah menstruasi pertama yang biasa terjadi umur 10 - 16 tahun. Survei awal dilakukan pada 10 Desember 2016, didapatkan 80% siswi mengalami cemas, bingung menghadapi menarche. Salah satu faktor risiko psikologis menarche yaitu kesiapan, karena ketidaksiapan menimbulkan perasaan cemas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan kesiapan menghadapi menarche pada anak usia sekolah. Metode penelitian kuantitatif survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi 36 siswi dari kelas IV, V, VI yang belum menarche dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Uji hubungan variabel dengan uji Rank Spearmen. Hasil penelitian terdapat 77,8% dinyatakan tidak siap menghadapi menarche, sebanyak 55,6% siswi dengan tingkat cemas sedang. Hasil analisis diperoleh hasil ρ value (0,026) dengan rho (-0,372). Kesimpulan: ada hubungan kesiapan menghadapi menarche dengan tingkat kecemasan pada anak usia sekolah.   Kata kunci: Kesiapan, menarche, tingkat kecemasan.       ABSTRACT Children look at menarche is a scary thing because menarche will cause discomfort, dizziness. Menarche is the first common menstruation of 10-16 years. Initial survey conducted in 10th December 2016, found 80% female students experience anxiety, confused face menarche. One of the psychological risk factors of menarche is readiness, because unpreparedness raises anxiety. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship of readiness to face menarche in school-aged children. The method is quantitative research of analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population of 36 female students from grade IV, V, VI which has not menarche with total sampling technique. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Test the relationship of variables with Rank Spearmen test.Results: 77.8% were declared unprepared for menarche, as many as 55.6% of female students with moderate levels of anxiety. The result of analysis is obtained ρ value (0,026) with rho (-0,372).Conclusion: there is a relationship of readiness to face menarche with anxiety levels in school-age children.   Keywords: Readiness, menarche, anxiety level.
PERANCANGAN BUKU PENGENALAN PEDOMAN GIZI SEIMBANG UNTUK ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS 1 UMUR 6-8 TAHUN BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY
Authors: Subangkit Yohanes Pembabtis Amang , Prestiliano Jasson
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK Menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 41 Tahun 2014, hasil penelitian Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010 (Riskesdas) Konsumsi pangan masyarakat Indonesia masih belum sesuai dengan pesan gizi seimbang. Permasalahan ini tidak lepas dari kurangnya pemahaman informasi tentang pentingnya gizi seimbang dan hidup sehat. Untuk memberikan informasi, dibutuhkan media yang berbasis masyarakat. Media buku dengan teknologi augmented reality dipilih sebagai sarana untuk memberikan informasi yang lebih menarik minat target audience untuk lebih memahami pentingnya gizi seimbang dan sadar gizi. Objek penelitian ini adalah media penyampaian Pedoman Gizi Seimbang menggunakan buku berbasis augmented reality. Penelitian ini sudah diujikan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Salatiga beserta petugas gizi dan ahli gizi, Dosen gizi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana dan 2 responden orang tua dengan anak. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah perancangan media buku berbasis augmented reality dapat memberikan pemahaman informasi yang menarik serta mudah dipahami tentang pentingnya Pedoman Gizi Seimbang dan sadar gizi.   Kata kunci: buku, pedoman gizi seimbang, augmented reality, android smartphone.       ABSTRACT According to the regulations of Indonesia’s Departement of Health No 41 Year 2014, the Basic Health Research in 2010 (Riskesdas) resulting in Indonesia’s citizen consumption of food has not meet the appropriate balanced nutrition amount. This problem is not separated from the lack of information about the importance of balanced nutrition amounts and healthy living. To deliver information, a community based media is needed. Book with augmented reality media is choosed as the media to deliver appealing information for target audience, to understands more about the importance of balanced nutrition amounts and nutrition consciousness. The object of this research is presentation media about the Guide of Balanced Nutrition using augmented reality based book. This research has been tested on Salatiga’s Health Agency with health officers and health expert, Lecturer of Nutrition in Satya Wacana Christian University and 2 parents respondents with their children. The obtained results from this research is the designing of augmented reality based book is able to deliver appealing information and understanding, and easy to understand about balanced nutrition guidance and nutrition consciousness   Keywords: book, balanced nutrition guidance, augmented reality, android smartphone
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS KACANG HIJAU TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID DARAH PADA PASIEN DISLIPIDEMIA RAWAT JALAN
Authors: Maulidya Rizki , Wiboworini Budiyanti , Sugiarto S
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK

Dislipidemia merupakan kelainan metabolisme lipid ditandai dengan peningkatan atau penurunan fraksi lipid dalam plasma. Faktor risiko timbulnya dislipidemia diantaranya adalah mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak, kebiasaan merokok, hipertensi, berat badan yang berlebih, peningkatan kadar kolesterol. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian jus kacang hijau terhadap profil lipid darah pada pasien dislipidemia rawat jalan di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian RCT (Randomized Control Trial) dengan pendekatan studi eksperimental menggunakan rancangan Non Equivalent Control Design. Sampel diambil dari populasi pasien dislipidemia yang menjalani rawat jalan di poliklinik ilmu penyakit dalam. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 36 0rang dengan teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji One Way Anova (Analysis of Variance) dengan tingkat kepercayaan

95% (α= 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh intervensi jus kacang hijau terhadap profil lipid(kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, trigliserida) (p<0,05) pada pasien dislipidemia rawat jalan di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh.Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh intervensi jus kacang kedelai dan kacang hijau terhadap profil lipid(kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, trigliserida) (p<0,05) pada pasien dislipidemia rawat jalan di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh.

 

Kata kunci: Jus kacang hijau, kadar kolesterol, LDL, HDL, trigliserida, dyslipidemia

 

 

ABSTRACT

Dyslipidemia is a disorder on lipid metabolism, characterized by an increase or decrease in lipid fraction in plasma. Risk factors for dyslipidemia include high-fat foods diet, smoking habits, hypertension, overwieght, cholesterol levels increasing. The objective of the research is to analyze the effect of mungbean juice treatment on blood lipid profile among patients with dyslipidemia of outpatient in dr. ZainoelAbidin Banda Aceh. This research method was RCT (Randomized Control Trial) with experimental study approach using Non Equivalent Control Design method. The sample was taken from the population of dyslipidemia patients who were outpatient in internist polyclinic. The number of samples obtained by 36 persons which is simple random sampling used. Data analysis using One Way Anova test (Analysis of Variance) with level of trust 95% (α = 0,05).The research result show there was an effect of mungbean juice treatment intervention on lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride) (p <0.05) among dyslipidemia patients of outpatient in dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. The conclusions, there was an effect of soybean and mungbean juice intervention on lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride) (p <0.05) in patients with dyslipidemia in RSUD dr. ZainoelAbidin Banda Aceh.

 

Keywords:Mungbean juice, cholesterol level, LDL, HDL, triglycerida, women with dislipidemia
JUS PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L) DAPAT MENURUNKAN KADAR LDL DAN KOLESTEROL TOTAL PADA USIA 40-70 TAHUN
Authors: Ardian Junendri , Probandari Ari Natalia , Kusnandar K
Published: April 2019

ABSTRAK

Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan suatu kondisi dimana kolesterol dalam darah meningkat melebihi ambang normal yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol total terutama Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dan diikuti dengan penurunan kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) darah, Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh pemberian asupan jus pepaya terhadap kadar LDL dan kolesterol total pada ibu rumah tangga usia 40-70 tahun yang menderita hiperkolesterolemia. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true eksperimental dengan desain penelitian pre and post test with control group. Total subjek sebanyak 20 orang yang dibagi kedalam dua kelompok, yaitu Intervensi Jus pepaya dan kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar kolesterol total pada kelompok jus pepaya mengalami penurunan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Kadar LDL pada kelompok jus pepaya mengalami penurunan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan jus pepaya (carica papaya l) dapat menurunkan kadar LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) dan kolesterol total.

 

Kata kunci: jus pepaya, kolesterol total, LDL.

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

Hypercholesterolemia is a conditions where cholesterol in the bloods increased beyond the normal standard, its showed with cholesterol total level’s was increased especially Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and followed by the decreasing of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in blood, The purpose of this research is analyzing the influence’s of papaya juice intake for LDL’s levels and cholestrol’s total at the age of 40 – 70 years old for housewives with hypercholesterolemia. The method this research is true experimental researchs with pre and post test control group designs. The subject in this research are 20 people and separated into two groups, the first group is papaya juice’s intervention group, and the second is control group. The result of this research show that papaya juice’s has significant result for decreasing cholesterol’s total with p value’s < 0,05 , while the control group has no significant result because its p value’s >0,05. The result for LDL’s levels show that papaya juice’s has significant result too for decreasing LDL’s levels with p value’s < 0,05, while the control group has no significant result because its p value’s >0,05. The conclusion in this research is papaya juice (carica papaya l) can decreased ldl’s levels and cholesterol’s total.

 

Keywords: cholesterol’s total, LDL, papaya juice.
Étude structurale de K H Si2O5 et H2Si2O5
Authors: Le Bihan Marie-Thérèse , Kalt André , Wey Raymond
Published: April 2019

KHSi₂O₅ belongs to the space group Pmnb (Z = 4). The parameter of the unit cell are : a = 8.15 Å ; b = 12.54 Å ; c = 4.76 Å.

The crystal structure was determined by consecutive use of Patterson synthesis.

Fourier series and least-square refinement using the structure factors of the reciprocal lattice.

KHSi₂O₅ is a sheet like silicate, (010) being the plane of the sheets. The structure is caracterised by a short O...O distance due to a symmetrical hydrogen bond (2.489 Å) ; potassium is 4 coordinated.

H₂Si₂O₅ is isotypic with KHSi₂O₅.
Groupes cristallographiques à simple, double et multiple antisymétrie
Authors: Sivardière Jean
Published: April 2019

We use a method proposed by Wondratschek and Niggli to construct double antisymmetry cristallographic groups : a double antisymmetry group isomorphic to G is determined by two real one-dimensional irreducible representations of G. The method gives the maximum number of antisymmetry operations that may be defined for a given group.

Some cristallographie applications are described : construction of the magnetic point groups from the proper point groups, symmetry of tensors, magnetoelectric structures, twins and magnetic domains.