bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A conceptual framework for real time estimation of WFP for small hydroelectric power plant
Authors: Sivapragasam C. , Pallikonda Rajasekaran M. , Vinotha M.
Published: September 2017

It is believed that the power sector, particularly hydroelectric power, contributes to a very high consumption of fresh water in terms of evaporation from storage reservoirs. Robust methods of water footprint (WFP) assessment will eventually help in the pricing of water and energy. Conventionally, WFP for hydropower plants is estimated by dividing the gross/net evaporation losses by power generation. This approach is highly biased when it comes to a small hydropower plant connected to a large reservoir. In this study, a two-pronged subjective–objective method is suggested for a reservoir with primary functions of power generation and downstream water release. The objective part is concerned with giving weight to the evaporation loss proportional to the water use while the subjective part is concerned with refining this by considering the real time reservoir operation conditions and taking into account the recommendations of the decision making authorities. The effect of timescale in WFP analysis is also studied and conclusions are drawn. Thumb rules for WFP estimation are evolved which will aid in such analysis. The implementation of the proposed methodology for any reservoir system is recommended using LabVIEW platform.
EFECTO DEL ULTRASONIDO EN LAS PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS
Authors: GelvezOrdoñez Víctor M. , Campo-Vera Yesenia , Villada Castillo Dora C.
Published: September 2017

En Colombia existen gran diversidad de estudios sobreaspectos relacionados con la calidad de leche, pero muy pocossobre métodos de conservación en fresco del producto utilizandonuevas tecnologías, lo que motiva a realizar estudios sobre comoalargar su vida útil sin alterar o modificar sus propiedadesutilizando tecnologías emergentes como el Ultrasonido (US). Elobjetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto del US sobre laspropiedades fisicoquímicas de la leche entera natural almacenadaen refrigeración (5±2°C/durante 15 días). Se tomaron 500 mL deleche empacada al vacío y se sometió a termosonicación (40KHz/40, 50, 60 y 70°C) durante 30 minutos. Se observó el efectodel tratamiento, cada 3 días, en el pH, acidez, viscosidad ydensidad. Se encontró un incremento significativo (p<0,05) en elpH, acidez, viscosidad en los tratamientos de US 40 KHz ytemperaturas de 50 y 60°C, sin embargo estos cambios no incidenen cumplimiento de los rangos exigidos, para estos parámetros,en la normatividad vigente para leche; en comparación con lasdemás muestras. Por su parte la densidad que no presentócambios significativos. El US mantiene los parámetros de pH,acidez y viscosidad de la leche durante el tiempo estudiado,ratificando que esta tecnología es eficiente para la conservacióndel producto bajo condiciones de refrigeración y tiene potencialen la industria alimentaria para desarrollar procesos seguros,económicos que impacten positivamente las propiedades de losalimentos, comparadas con los métodos tradicionales.
IMPLEMENTACION EN ENTORNO LABVIEW DE UN SISTEMA MULTIFUNCIONAL DE MEDIDAS MAGNETOOPTICAS Y MAGNETOELECTRICAS PARA CARACTERIZACION DE MATERIALES
Authors: Ramirez Hurtado Alberto Luis , Gil Monsalve Johanna , Medina Barreto. Milton Humberto , Cruz Muñoz Beatriz
Published: September 2017

Se describe la implementación interactiva y unificada de las técnicas de Magnetometría de Efecto Kerr (MEK) y Medición de Coeficiente Magnetoeléctrico (ME) bajo el entorno de programación LabVIEW, a temperatura ambiente. Las dos técnicas fueron representadas por módulos los cuales contienen subrutinas que permiten registrar, filtrar y procesar la respuesta magnetoóptica o magnetoeléctrica de una muestra bajo estudio, directamente desde el computador. Esos módulos permiten acoplar los distintos dispositivos eléctricos, electrónicos, magnéticos y ópticos involucrados en cada etapa del proceso. Los resultados muestran que fue posible la generación y control de los campos magnéticos asociados a cada técnica, la recepción sincrónica de los datos y su posterior procesamiento y visualización en tiempo real; en un único sistema multifuncional MEK-ME.Palabras clave: efecto Kerr, efecto magnetoeléctrico, programa LabVIEW.
Sustentabilidade Empresarial e sua Contabilidade
Authors: Duarte Domingos Da Silva
Published: September 2017

O tema da Sustentabilidade Empresarial aqui analisado, está relacionado com as respectivas práticas contabilísticas e inerentes DF-Demonstrações Financeiras divulgadas pelas empresas. A nossa motivação por esta temática resulta de sentirmos uma crescente insatisfação, manifestada por diferentes utilizadores, porque a informação contida nas DF, em modelo tradicional, é considerada muito insuficientes face às novas e crescentes necessidades sociais. Então, o objectivo principal desta nossa investigação é recolher reflexões associadas ao tema, identificar as carências informativas dominantes e possíveis soluções de melhoria. Pela revisão da literatura específica confirmamos a existência de crescentes preocupações internacionais no âmbito desta insuficiência informativa, manifestadas por académicos e profissionais de diferentes origens. O relato do desempenho empresarial tende para utilizar informação mais qualificada com rigor, abrangência e fiabilidade. Tudo isso exige maior participação da contabilidade. É imperioso que as actuais DF sejam melhoradas e na falta de normativos específicos a solução proposta, actualmente mais dominante, é da GRI-Global Reporting Initiative. Esse relato, aplicável de modo voluntário, é designado pela GRI como Relatório de Sustentabilidade o qual tende a ser divulgado, cada vez, mais, por diferentes empresas nacionais e internacionais. Procuramos saber a situação actual desses Relatórios em Portugal, pela sua divulgação via Internet. Das 83 empresas seleccionadas concluímos: 22% das mesmas já o aplicam e em modelos que se aproximam das orientações da CRI; 50% das mesmas divulgam alguns conteúdos associados ao tema mas predomina a dispersão informativa e a forma descritiva, portanto não quantificada; os restantes 28% não divulgam qualquer informação deste âmbito; os valores e indicadores de desempenho constantes dos conteúdos relatados e com base contabilística são muito reduzidos; só alguns relatórios incluem certificação por empresas especializadas; destacamos as empresas do sector financeiro com melhores relatórios, atendendo à diversidade, fundamentação e extensão de conteúdos informativos divulgados. As empresas seleccionadas não constituem uma amostra significativa de todo o universo empresarial instalado em Portugal. Então, as nossas conclusões sobre elas não poderão ser extensivas a todo esse universo mas poderão representar as melhores práticas existentes em Portugal porque essas empresas são aderentes do fórum BCSD Portugal-Conselho Empresarial para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável e das orientações da GRI. Não obstante as limitações encontradas parece-nos que este trabalho poderá propiciar um contributo válido para académicos investiga-dores desta temática e profissionais que partilhem destas novas necessidades de informação empresarial.
A IAS 32 e o Novos Critérios de Contabilização das Entradas para o Capital Social das Cooperativas
Authors: Meira Deolinda Maria Moreira Aparício , Bandeira Ana Maria Alves
Published: September 2017

O presente estudo terá por objecto uma reflexão sobre o conteúdo da IAS 32 e os novos critérios de contabilização das entradas para o capital social das cooperativas. Assim, começar-se-á por uma análise do conteúdo da IAS 32, dando particular ênfase à definição de capital próprio nela contida e à última proposta de modificação de tal definição, dando conta dos seus reflexos financeiros e jurídicos, no caso específico da cooperativa. De facto, a manter-se a actual redacção da IAS 32 a qual dispõe que um instrumento financeiro, qualquer que seja a sua forma, se puder ser reembolsado a pedido do subscritor, será considerado como um recurso alheio , tal implicará que o capital social cooperativo deverá ser qualificado, contabilisticamente, como um recurso alheio e não como um recurso próprio. Em consequência, esta qualificação entrará em colisão directa com a actual configuração do art. 36.°, n.º 2 e 3, do CCoop, que regula o direito dos sócios cooperadores ao reembolso das suas entradas, tendo consequências práticas relevantes para a cooperativa, designadamente, o desincentivo das entradas dos sócios para o capital social, e o aumento do endividamento e do risco de insolvência. Neste contexto, defender-se-á - na linha do que propõe a doutrina e a Resolução do Parlamento Europeu, de 24 de Abril de 2008, sobre as Normas Internacionais de Relato Financeiro (IFRS) e a governação do Conselho das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IASB) — a consagração, nesta Norma Internacional de Contabilidade, de uma definição de capital próprio que contemple as especiticidades da cooperativa, designadamente a característica da variabilidade, de modo a que a entrada do sócio que se retira da cooperativa seja considerada como recurso próprio até ao momento da aprovação da saída e só a partir desse momento é que seja considerada como um instrumento do passivo, a longo prazo.
Da Determinação do Empregador no Âmbito dos Fenómenos de Descentralização Produtiva
Authors: Fernandes Tiago Pimenta
Published: September 2017

I - Quem é o empregador? II - Descentralização produtiva e as novas formas de colaboração empresarial. Um problema de determinação do empregador? 1. Considerações gerais. 2. Modalidades de descentralização produtiva. 3. O problema da determinação do empregador nos fenómenos de descentralização produtiva. III - Enquadramento jurídico 1. Identificação do empregador real 2. Responsabilização do beneficiário da prestação laboral 3. Responsabilização criminal e contra-ordenacional do beneficiário IV - Conclusões
Approaches and Study Skills of Veterinary Medical Students: Effects of a Curricular Revision
Authors: Zamor Eliza , Chigerwe Munashe , Boudreaux Karen A. , Ilkiw Jan E.
Published: September 2017

The objective of this study was to determine if a revised, recently implemented curriculum, embracing an integrated block design with a focus on student-centered, inquiry-based learning, had a different effect on veterinary medical students' approaches to studying than the previous curriculum. A total of 577 students completed a questionnaire consisting of the short version of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). It included questions relating to conceptions about learning, approaches to studying, and preferences for different types of courses and teaching. In addition, students were asked to respond to general questions regarding the design of the revised curriculum. The scores for the deep and strategic learning approaches were higher for students studying under the previous curriculum compared to the revised curriculum, despite the fact that the revised curriculum was specifically designed to foster deep learning. The scores for the surface learning approach were lower in the students studying the revised curriculum compared to students studying under the previous curriculum. We identified the following factors affecting student learning: alteration of learning activities, such as problem-based learning, from the recommended models; a lack of instructor support for the revised curriculum; assessments that were not aligned to encourage critical thinking; and directed self-learning activities that were too comprehensive to complete in the allotted time. The results of this study can be used to improve the implementation of student-centered and inquiry-based curricula by identifying potential problems that could prevent a deep learning approach in veterinary medical students.
Student Response System Technology in Accounting Information Systems Courses
Authors: Newmark Richard , Seaton Lloyd “Pat” , Stallings Matthew
Published: September 2017

Student Response Systems (SRSs), also known as clickers, are posited to increase class participation and enhance active learning. In this study, we evaluate perceived effectiveness and student satisfaction with SRSs in Accounting Information Systems classes over several semesters. We also provide additional analyses to determine how SRSs are used in the classroom and which student characteristics and aspects of the classroom experience appear to be related to perceived satisfaction. We find three factors that explain 58% of the variation in SRS satisfaction. These are learning, environment, and class interaction. Two of these factors (learning and environment) are affected by variation in the way the system is used (participation mode vs. quiz mode), and all three are affected by the gender of the student. We find that gender is not directly related to overall satisfaction. In addition, we propose a model for SRS satisfaction based on our exploratory results.
Magnetic Flux Rope Identification and Characterization from Observationally Driven Solar Coronal Models
Authors: Lowder Chris , Yeates Anthony
Published: September 2017

Formed through magnetic field shearing and reconnection in the solar corona, magnetic flux ropes are structures of twisted magnetic field, threaded along an axis. Their evolution and potential eruption are of great importance for space weather. Here we describe a new methodology for the automated detection of flux ropes in simulated magnetic fields, utilizing field-line helicity. Our Flux Rope Detection and Organization (FRoDO) code, which measures the magnetic flux and helicity content of pre-erupting flux ropes over time, as well as detecting eruptions, is publicly available. As a first demonstration, the code is applied to the output from a time-dependent magnetofrictional model, spanning 1996 June 15–2014 February 10. Over this period, 1561 erupting and 2099 non-erupting magnetic flux ropes are detected, tracked, and characterized. For this particular model data, erupting flux ropes have a mean net helicity magnitude of

Mx2, while non-erupting flux ropes have a significantly lower mean of

Mx2, although there is overlap between the two distributions. Similarly, the mean unsigned magnetic flux for erupting flux ropes is

Mx, significantly higher than the mean value of

Mx for non-erupting ropes. These values for erupting flux ropes are within the broad range expected from observational and theoretical estimates, although the eruption rate in this particular model is lower than that of observed coronal mass ejections. In the future, the FRoDO code will prove to be a valuable tool for assessing the performance of different non-potential coronal simulations and comparing them with observations.
Theoretical aspects of parallel coal processing circuits optimization and m-curve
Authors: Salama A I A
Published: September 2017

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The communicative performance of a severely hearing-impaired adolescent
Authors: Russel Ann
Published: September 2017

This study describes the communicative performance of a severely hearing-impaired adolescent.The experimenter taught the subject how to play Russian Backgammon. The subject conversed with, and afterwards taught his mother, speech therapist, and a peer how to play the game. Each dyad played the game once. Videotape recordings were made of each dyadic situation. The channels of communication, both verbal and nonverbal, used by each speaker, were determined. A relational communication coding scheme, involving the analysis of requests and subsequent responses, was applied to the data. Results indicate that the hearing-impaired adolescent, though not always able to hold a dominant position in a dyadic situation, was capable of expressing the same types of control as normal adults. Moreover, the types of control expressed varied as a function of each contextual setting. Whenever the subject did hold a dominant position, the combined verbal plus nonverbal channel was his predominant mode of  communication. These findings  suggest that a sociolinguistic approach provides important information regarding a hearing-impaired adolescent's communicative performance.
The effect of intracranial pressure on the performance of an aphasic subject: A case history
Authors: Shapiro Michelle
Published: September 2017

A battery of tests involving the language modalities of speech, comprehension, reading and writing were administered to an aphasic subject who presented with a predictable fluctuation  in intracranial pressure. Results revealed a consistency in performance in the two situations, across all modalities. The subject's performance  was found  to be of  a concrete nature, demonstrating a cognitive deficit  concomitant with his linguistic impairment.
Creep Forces Effect on the Ride of Empty Indian Freight Wagon
Authors: Kanoje N.K. , Sharma S.C. , Harsha S.P.
Published: September 2017

Indian Freight system is facing huge competition. The average speed of wagons at 40-50 kmph for empty wagons faces huge hunting problem. In these paper Indian parameters are studied using a numerical model The numerical model is consist of a whole wagon with two conventional three-piece bogie running on wheelsets. The wheel-rail contact is considered with heuristic nonlinear creep model for both single point and two point contact. Coulomb friction model is considered for contact between the truck and bolster. The present study concentrates on the critical hunting which is mainly depending on primary and secondary suspension parameters. A numerical study is run in Matlab to obtain the optimum parameters for increasing critical speed to stabilize wagon for both increased speed and at loaded vehicle.
Aktywność lokalnych grup działania jako wsparcie rozwoju turystyki na obszarach chronionych
Authors: Maćkowiak Magdalena , Graja-Zwolińska Sylwia , Spychała Aleksandra
Published: September 2017

Cel. Udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy i w jakim zakresie lokalne grupy działania (LGD), funkcjonujące na terenach parków krajobrazowych, przyczyniają się do poszerzania oferty turystycznej tych obszarów. Metoda. Zastosowano metodę analizy literatury, dokumentów, wywiadu bezpośredniego i pośredniego. Dokonano także porównania form aktywności różnych LGD, zakresu ich działania oraz stopnia zaangażowania poszczególnych sektorów. Wyniki. W rozważanych strategiach podkreślano znaczenie uwarunkowań przyrodniczych w rozwoju funkcji turystycznej, przyczyniającej się bezpośrednio lub pośrednio do aktywizacji społeczności lokalnej oraz pobudzania przedsiębiorczości. Z wywiadów przeprowadzonych z przedstawicielami analizowanych lokalnych grup działania wynika, że praktycznie nie ma współpracy z administracją obszarów chronionych. Kwestia ta dotyczy zaangażowania zarówno w prace nad obecnie przyjętymi strategiami rozwoju lokalnego, jak również w opracowanie dokumentów i realizację projektów związanych z Programem Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2007-2013. Ograniczenia badań i wnioskowania. Badaniami objęto LGD obejmujące swoją aktywnością parki krajobrazowe położone w granicach województwa wielkopolskiego. Implikacje praktyczne. Treści zawarte w artykule mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w procesie formułowania polityki podejmowania inicjatyw lokalnych na obszarach cennych przyrodniczo, objętych ochroną prawną. Wnioski z badań powinny służyć do właściwego kształtowania relacji między turystyką, ochroną przyrody i społecznością lokalną. Oryginalność. Do tej pory nie opracowano podobnych zbiorczych analiz działalności LGD w zakresie rozwoju turystyki w parkach krajobrazowych. Rodzaj pracy. Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczno-empiryczny.
ACRL’s 2018 Awards Program: Honoring outstanding achievements in academic librarianship
Authors: Ollis Chase
Published: September 2017

Every year, ACRL celebrates the opportunity to honor the outstanding achievements of academic and research librarians across North America. From a business college using monsters in the library to teach information literacy, to an assistant curator’s digital project of oral histories and archival material highlighting the contributions of Latinas and their families and organizations, to a college library’s new model of instruction using Research Parties and TED Talk as Research Inspiration, the innovations of our community have continued to demonstrate the notable impact librarianship has in the academic landscape.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Kromer Kathi
Published: September 2017

Since joining ALA’s Washington Office in June, one of my top priorities has been learning from leaders of ALA divisions and investigating the relationships each one has with the Washington Office. I have been referring to my first months at ALA as my listening tour. It has been my time to gather information and input about what you care about—to collect the insights and ideas on a wide range of policy issues from ACRL and your peers.
Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers
Authors: Hashim Onn Haji , Jayapalan Jaime Jacqueline , Lee Cheng-Siang
Published: September 2017

In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research.
Genome Editing for Cancer Therapy: Delivery of Cas9 Protein/sgRNA Plasmid via a Gold Nanocluster/Lipid Core–Shell Nanocarrier
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Lingmin , Xie Yangzhouyun , Wang Nuoxin , Tang Rongbing , Zheng Wenfu , Jiang Xingyu
Published: September 2017

The type II bacterial clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐Cas9 (CRISPR‐associated protein) system (CRISPR‐Cas9) is a powerful toolbox for gene‐editing, however, the nonviral delivery of CRISPR‐Cas9 to cells or tissues remains a key challenge. This paper reports a strategy to deliver Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) plasmid by a nanocarrier with a core of gold nanoclusters (GNs) and a shell of lipids. By modifying the GNs with HIV‐1‐transactivator of transcription peptide, the cargo (Cas9/sgRNA) can be delivered into cell nuclei. This strategy is utilized to treat melanoma by designing sgRNA targeting Polo‐like kinase‐1 (Plk1) of the tumor. The nanoparticle (polyethylene glycol‐lipid/GNs/Cas9 protein/sgPlk1 plasmid, LGCP) leads to >70% down‐regulation of Plk1 protein expression of A375 cells in vitro. Moreover, the LGCP suppresses melanoma progress by 75% on mice. Thus, this strategy can deliver protein‐nucleic acid hybrid agents for gene therapy.
Brief Report: A Novel ELANE Mutation Associated With Inflammatory Arthritis, Defective NETosis, and Recurrent Parvovirus Infection
Authors: Thanarajasingam Uma , Jensen Mark A. , Dorschner Jessica M. , Wampler Muskardin Theresa , Ghodke‐Puranik Yogita , Purmalek Monica , Eliopoulos Elias , Zervou Maria I. , Goulielmos George N. , Howard Matthew , Kaplan Mariana J. , Niewold Timothy B.
Published: September 2017

Objective

We describe a 38‐year‐old woman who presented with a history of inflammatory arthritis, rash, and daily fevers. She was noted to have chronic parvovirus infection with persistently detectable viral titers and a novel mutation in the ELANE gene. ELANE encodes neutrophil elastase, a neutrophil serine protease with important antimicrobial effects, and is found as part of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) complexes. Pathogenic ELANE mutations have been identified in forms of hereditary neutropenia. However, our patient never had neutropenia. Because of the striking clinical scenario, we investigated this mutation functionally.

Methods

NET formation by neutrophils was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Neutrophil activation and neutrophil elastase production were evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescent substrate–based functional assay, respectively. A multiplex assay was used to quantitate neutrophil inflammatory cytokine production. PyMOL software was used to generate 3‐dimensional models of mutant elastase.

Results

Activated neutrophils from the patient demonstrated a significantly decreased ability to form NETs on scanning electron microscopy, as well as quantitative defects in neutrophil activation and neutrophil elastase activity. The patient's neutrophils showed altered levels of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) and IL‐8, which are key cytokines for antiviral immunity and neutrophil chemotaxis. Three‐dimensional mapping revealed that the mutation could alter protein folding and surface charge distribution, potentially perturbing protein trafficking. Thus, the mutation could affect neutrophil function by decreasing NETosis and altering key antiviral activities of neutrophils.

Conclusion

This is the first report of a human pathogenic ELANE mutation associated with a defect in NETosis and a distinct syndrome of recurrent viral infection and chronic inflammation.
Expansion of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Perfused 3D Ceramic Scaffolds Enhances In Vivo Bone Formation
Authors: Hoch Allison I. , Duhr Ralph , Di Maggio Nunzia , Mehrkens Arne , Jakob Marcel , Wendt David
Published: September 2017

Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC), when expanded directly within 3D ceramic scaffolds in perfusion bioreactors, more reproducibly form bone when implanted in vivo as compared to conventional expansion on 2D polystyrene dishes/flasks. Since the bioreactor‐based expansion on 3D ceramic scaffolds encompasses multiple aspects that are inherently different from expansion on 2D polystyrene, we aimed to decouple the effects of specific parameters among these two model systems. We assessed the effects of the: 1) 3D scaffold vs. 2D surface; 2) ceramic vs. polystyrene materials; and 3) BMSC niche established within the ceramic pores during in vitro culture, on subsequent in vivo bone formation. While BMSC expanded on 3D polystyrene scaffolds in the bioreactor could maintain their in vivo osteogenic potential, results were similar as BMSC expanded in monolayer on 2D polystyrene, suggesting little influence of the scaffold 3D environment. Bone formation was most reproducible when BMSC are expanded on 3D ceramic, highlighting the influence of the ceramic substrate. The presence of a pre‐formed niche within the scaffold pores had negligible effects on the in vivo bone formation. The results of this study allow a greater understanding of the parameters required for perfusion bioreactor‐based manufacturing of osteogenic grafts for clinical applications.
Phytansäure
Authors: Schönfeld Peter , Reiser Georg
Published: September 2017

Als verzweigtkettige Fettsäure ist die Phytansäure für die tierischen Zellen eine Energiequelle. Die Phytyl‐Kette der Phytansäure ist aber auch ein essentieller Baustein der Membranlipide von extremophilen Bakterien. Phytansäure wird beim Chlorophyllabbau im Wiederkäuermagen gebildet und vom Menschen überwiegend als deren Milch‐ und Fleischprodukte aufgenommen. Der oxidative Abbau der Phytansäure erfolgt durch Peroxisomen und Mitochondrien. Bei erhöhter Gewebekonzentration ist die Phytansäure ein Störfaktor des zellulären Energiestoffwechsels. Phytansäure kann aber auch Auskunft über die Essgewohnheiten der Antike geben.
Gemcitabine Delivery and Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Cells via Porphyrin‐Ethylene‐Based Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles
Authors: Aggad Dina , Jimenez Chiara Mauriello , Dib Soraya , Croissant Jonas G. , Lichon Laure , Laurencin Danielle , Richeter Sébastien , Maynadier Marie , Alsaiari Shahad K. , Boufatit Makhlouf , Raehm Laurence , Garcia Marcel , Khashab Niveen M. , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Durand Jean‐Olivier
Published: September 2017

Gemcitabine hydrochloride is an FDA‐approved chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of various cancers. Several drawbacks of gemcitabine, including its short in vivo half‐life of 8–17 min associated with a rapid excretion by the kidneys and its poor membrane permeability, have inspired research on a nanodelivery approach. In this study, we report ethylene‐based periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (PMOs) for photodynamic therapy and the autonomous delivery of gemcitabine in cancer cells. Porphyrins were used as photosensitizers and were localized in the walls of the PMOs while a high loading capacity of gemcitabine was observed in the porous structure. Depending on the nature of the photosensitizer, and its aggregation state, we were able to perform one or two‐photon photodynamic therapy. Two‐photon excited photodynamic therapy combined with gemcitabine delivery led to a synergy and a very efficient cancer cell killing.
Functional traits of expanding, thicket‐forming shrubs: contrasting strategies between exotic and native species
Authors: Shiflett Sheri A. , Zinnert Julie C. , Young Donald R.
Published: September 2017

Woody expansion has been documented for decades in many different systems globally, often yielding vast changes in ecosystem functioning. While causes and consequences of woody expansion have been well documented, few studies have addressed plant functional traits that promote dramatic and rapid expansion in range. Our objectives were to investigate plant functional traits that contribute to the colonization, rapid expansion, and thicket formation of an invasive, N‐fixing shrub, Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (Elaeagnaceae), and a native, N‐fixing shrub Morella cerifera (L.) Small (Myricaceae) and compare to native, sympatric, non‐expanding shrub species. Quantified functional traits included morphological (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf area) and physiological characteristics (e.g., electron transport rate, hydraulic conductivity) and were linked to two primary resources: light and water, which directly influence plant growth. Elaeagnus umbellata and M. cerifera rely on different strategies to maximize carbon gain, yet resulting physiological efficiency is similar. Elaeagnus umbellata invests a substantial amount of energy into growth during a short amount of time (i.e., deciduous growing season), using an acquisitive trait strategy to outcompete co‐occurring woody species, while M. cerifera is productive year‐round and uses a combination of conservative and acquisitive traits to outcompete co‐occurring woody species. The majority of quantified functional traits of E. umbellata and several of M. cerifera are indicative of efficient light capture, utilization, and internal water movement. These factors contribute to rapid range expansion and thicket formation by promoting enhanced productivity while simultaneously inhibiting colonization and expansion of co‐occurring species. Suites of functional traits are important for expansive success and thicket formation, yet differences in functional traits represent alternative strategies for colonization, rapid expansion, and thicketization.
Dual growth factor‐immobilized asymmetrically porous membrane for bone‐to‐tendon interface regeneration on rat patellar tendon avulsion model
Authors: Kim Joong‐Hyun , Oh Se Heang , Min Hyun Ki , Lee Jin Ho
Published: September 2017

Insufficient repair of the bone‐to‐tendon interface (BTI) with structural/compositional gradients has been a significant challenge in orthopedics. In this study, dual growth factor (platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB [PDGF‐BB] and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 [BMP‐2])‐immobilized polycaprolactone (PCL)/Pluronic F127 asymmetrically porous membrane was fabricated to estimate its feasibility as a potential strategy for effective regeneration of BTI injury. The growth factors immobilized (via heparin‐intermediated interactions) on the membrane were continuously released for up to ∼80% of the initial loading amount after 5 weeks without a significant initial burst. From the in vivo animal study using a rat patellar tendon avulsion model, it was observed that the PDGF‐BB/BMP‐2‐immobilized membrane accelerates the regeneration of the BTI injury, probably because of the continuous release of both growth factors (biological stimuli) and their complementary effect to create a multiphasic structure (bone, fibrocartilage, and tendon) like a native structure, as well as the role of the asymmetrically porous membrane as a physical barrier (nanopore side; prevention of fibrous tissue invasion into the defect site) and scaffold (micropore side; guidance for tissue regeneration). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 115–125, 2018.
Technological adaptation and the emergence of Levallois in Central Europe: new insight from the Markkleeberg and Zwochau open‐air sites in Germany
Authors: Picin Andrea
Published: September 2017

The introduction of the Levallois method in Europe is considered the technological innovation that marked the beginning of the Middle Palaeolithic. In North‐Central Europe, early evidence of this new concept of flake production is dated at the junction between Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9 and MIS 8, a period that showed a deterioration of climatic conditions, i.e. a change from forested to cold tundra–steppe vegetation and dispersal of the Mammuthus–Coelodonta faunal complex from artic territories. This study aims to contribute new data to the current debate by exploring the lithic assemblages of the Markkleeberg and Zwochau open‐air sites in Germany. Technological analysis reveals the introduction of the Levallois method in association with the development of the local unidirectional core technology. This pattern is common in other sites of North‐Central Europe. This modification in the technical behaviour of hunter‐gatherers is interpreted as a technological adaptation in response to the new faunal complex composed of seasonal migratory animals.
High Temperature Spectrally Selective Solar Absorbers Using Plasmonic AuAl2:AlN Nanoparticle Composites
Authors: Bilokur Maryna , Gentle Angus , Arnold Matthew D. , Cortie Michael B. , Smith Geoffrey B.
Published: September 2017

Advanced solar energy collectors require the use of thermally stable and spectrally selective coatings in order to boost absorption of radiant energy. Here, it is shown that incorporation of plasmonically resonant Au and AuAl2 nanoparticles into multilayer coatings based on AlN provides strong and stable absorption across the solar spectrum at temperatures between RT and 500 °C. Optical properties at operating temperature are verified using in situ measurements. Solar absorptance of 92–97% is available in the as‐deposited films, which are comprised of layers of Al, Au:AlN, AlN, and SiO2. Annealing at the operating temperature of ∼500 °C causes the conversion of the elemental Au to the intermetallic compound AuAl2, but the good solar absorbing performance is retained. The additional Al that reacts with the Au nanoparticles to form the AuAl2 diffuses up from the reflective Al substrate used. Enhanced NIR solar absorptance post‐annealing is accompanied by a tolerable small rise in thermal emittance. Formation of AuAl2:AlN also prevents undesired Au nanoparticle agglomeration above 500 °C. This suggests that AuAl2:AlN nanoparticle composites are excellent candidates for solar thermal applications up to about 500 °C.
Blood‐based metabolic signatures in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: de Leeuw Francisca A. , Peeters Carel F.W. , Kester Maartje I. , Harms Amy C. , Struys Eduard A. , Hankemeier Thomas , van Vlijmen Herman W.T. , van der Lee Sven J. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Scheltens Philip , Demirkan Ayşe , van de Wiel Mark A. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Teunissen Charlotte E.
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Identification of blood‐based metabolic changes might provide early and easy‐to‐obtain biomarkers.

Methods

We included 127 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 121 control subjects with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker‐confirmed diagnosis (cutoff tau/amyloid β peptide 42: 0.52). Mass spectrometry platforms determined the concentrations of 53 amine compounds, 22 organic acid compounds, 120 lipid compounds, and 40 oxidative stress compounds. Multiple signatures were assessed: differential expression (nested linear models), classification (logistic regression), and regulatory (network extraction).

Results

Twenty‐six metabolites were differentially expressed. Metabolites improved the classification performance of clinical variables from 74% to 79%. Network models identified five hubs of metabolic dysregulation: tyrosine, glycylglycine, glutamine, lysophosphatic acid C18:2, and platelet‐activating factor C16:0. The metabolite network for apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 negative AD patients was less cohesive compared with the network forAPOEε4 positive AD patients.

Discussion

Multiple signatures point to various promising peripheral markers for further validation. The network differences in AD patients according toAPOEgenotype may reflect different pathways to AD.
Double single-port transanal pouch surgery: a novel technique for rectal excision and ileo-anal pouch anastomosis for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Warusavitarne Janindra , Kotze Paulo Gustavo
Published: September 2017

Surgery for ileoanal pouch has evolved dramatically over the last 30 years. Many of the advances relate to minimally invasive approaches that not only offer cosmetic benefits but also have advantages that are well described in the literature. In this technical note, the authors describe the double single-port transanal pouch operation. An abdominal single-port is used for total colectomy, at the site of the ileostomy. A transanal single-port is used for the ‘bottom-up’ rectal resection. The technical steps and potential advantages of the technique are discussed in detail. Double single-port transanal pouch surgery is technically feasible and can have significant benefits in ulcerative colitis patients.
AMBIGUOUS RATIONALITY
Authors: Williamson Timothy
Published: September 2017

The paper distinguishes a content-oriented conception of rational belief, which concerns support relations between the proposition believed and one's evidence, from a disposition-oriented conception of rational belief, which concerns whether someone generally disposed to conform their belief to their evidence would believe the given proposition in the given circumstances. Neither type of rationality entails the other. It is argued that conflating the two ways of thinking about rational belief has had damaging effects in epistemology.
Weak convergence to extremal processes and record events for non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems
Authors: HOLLAND MARK , TODD MIKE
Published: September 2017

For a measure-preserving dynamical system $({\mathcal{X}},f,\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})$, we consider the time series of maxima $M_{n}=\max \{X_{1},\ldots ,X_{n}\}$ associated to the process $X_{n}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(f^{n-1}(x))$ generated by the dynamical system for some observable $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}:{\mathcal{X}}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$. Using a point-process approach we establish weak convergence of the process $Y_{n}(t)=a_{n}(M_{[nt]}-b_{n})$ to an extremal process $Y(t)$ for suitable scaling constants $a_{n},b_{n}\in \mathbb{R}$. Convergence here takes place in the Skorokhod space $\mathbb{D}(0,\infty )$ with the $J_{1}$ topology. We also establish distributional results for the record times and record values of the corresponding maxima process.
Normal amenable subgroups of the automorphism group of the full shift
Authors: FRISCH JOSHUA , SCHLANK TOMER , TAMUZ OMER
Published: September 2017

We show that every normal amenable subgroup of the automorphism group of the full shift is contained in its center. This follows from the analysis of this group’s Furstenberg topological boundary, through the construction of a minimal and strongly proximal action. We extend this result to higher dimensional full shifts. This also provides a new proof of Ryan’s theorem and of the fact that these groups contain free groups.
Reconstruction of the multielement apparatus of the earliest Triassic conodont, Hindeodus parvus, using synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-tomography
Authors: Agematsu Sachiko , Uesugi Kentaro , Sano Hiroyoshi , Sashida Katsuo
Published: September 2017

Earliest Triassic natural conodont assemblages preserved as impressions on bedding planes occur in a claystone of the Hashikadani Formation, which is part of the Mino Terrane, a Jurassic accretionary complex in Japan. In this study, the apparatus of Hindeodus parvus (Kozur and Pjatakova, 1976) is reconstructed using synchrotron radiation micro-tomography (SR–μCT). This species has six kinds of elements disposed in 15 positions forming the conodont apparatus. Carminiscaphate, angulate, and makellate forms are settled in pairs in the P1, P2, and M positions, respectively. The single alate element is correlated with the S0 position. The S array is a cluster of eight ramiforms, subdivided into two inner pairs of digyrate S1–2 and two outer pairs of bipennate S3–4 elements. The reconstruction is similar to a well-known ozarkodinid apparatus model. In addition, the μCT images show that the ‘anterior’ and ‘posterior’ processes of the S1–2 elements faced the caudal and rostral ends of the living conodont body, respectively.
Vegetation responses to late Holocene climate changes in an Andean forest
Authors: Schiferl Jacob D. , Bush Mark B. , Silman Miles R. , Urrego Dunia H.
Published: September 2017

A paleoecological record from Lake Palotoa (1370 m elevation) in the Andean foothills of Peru spans the last 3800 years. Lake Palotoa lies near the modern cloud base in a location sensitive to changes in atmospheric moisture. In many areas, these forests have been destroyed, but Lake Palotoa shows no sign of human occupation today or in the past. The modern forest surrounding the lake is dominated by the Andean palm, Dictyocaryum lamarckianum, which is also the most abundant taxon in the fossil pollen record. Fossil pollen data show the vegetation assemblages have not experienced strong compositional changes in the late Holocene. Global-scale climatic events such as the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) are identified within the record, though the vegetation responses are subtle. Hedyosmum and Sloanea pollen percentages increase near the onset of the MCA and may reflect decreased seasonality. The LIA coincides with increased Hedyosmum pollen percentages, and increases in Clethra and Begonia, two elements that tend to occupy forests now found at higher elevations. Our findings demonstrate the stability of montane forest systems to natural Holocene climate change.
HIGH PREVALENCE OF VOLUNTARY STERILIZATION AMONG AMERICAN WOMEN EXPLAINED BY TRADE-OFFS RESULTING FROM MALE PARENTAL COMMITMENT
Authors: Anderson Kermyt G.
Published: September 2017

Tubal ligation is the modal form of family planning among American women aged 30 and older. As the preference for tubal ligation over cheaper, lower risk and more reliable methods, such as vasectomy, has puzzled experts, a theoretical approach that explains this preference would be useful. The present study investigates the high prevalence of voluntary sterilization among American women from the perspective of life history theory, arguing that the trade-offs between investing in current and future offspring will favour tubal ligation when women cannot obtain reliable male commitment to future parental investment. Data came from the National Survey of Fertility Barriers (NSFB), a nationally representative survey of 4712 American women aged 25–45 conducted between 2004 and 2007. Four novel predictions of the prevalence of tubal ligation, drawn from life history theory, were developed and tested: 1) it is most common among unpartnered women with children, and least common among married women with children; 2) it is negatively correlated with age at first birth; 3) it is least common among highly educated women without children, and most common among less educated women with children; and 4) among women with two or more children, it is positively correlated with lifetime number of long-term partners. These predictions were tested using multivariate regression analysis. The first prediction was not supported: women with children were more likely to be sterilized, regardless of their marital status. The other three predictions were all supported by the data. The results suggest that trade-offs influence women’s decisions to undergo voluntary sterilization. Women are most likely to opt for tubal ligation when the costs of an additional child will impinge on their ability to invest in existing offspring, especially in the context of reduced male commitment.
Design and analysis of an origami-based three-finger manipulator
Authors: Jeong Donghwa , Lee Kiju
Published: September 2017

This paper describes a new robotic manipulator with three fingers based on an origami twisted tower design. The design specifications, kinematic description, and results from the stiffness and durability tests for the selected origami design are presented. The robotic arm is made of a 10-layer twisted tower, actuated by four cables with pulleys driven by servo motors. Each finger is made of a smaller 11-layer tower and uses a single cable directly attached to a servo motor. The current hardware setup supports vision-based autonomous control and internet-based remote control in real time. For preliminary evaluation of the robot's object manipulation capabilities, arbitrary objects with varying weights, sizes, and shapes (i.e., a shuttlecock, an egg shell, a paper cub, and a cubic block) were selected and the rate of successful grasping and lifting for each object was measured. In addition, an experiment comparing a rigid gripper and the new origami-based manipulator revealed that the origami structure in the fingers absorbs the excessive force applied to the object through force distribution and structural deformation, demonstrating its potential applications for effective manipulation of fragile objects.
Supermarket access, transport mode and BMI: the potential for urban design and planning policy across socio-economic areas
Authors: Murphy Maureen , Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Badland Hannah , Giles-Corti Billie
Published: September 2017

Objective

To investigate dietary intake, BMI and supermarket access at varying geographic scales and transport modes across areas of socio-economic disadvantage, and to evaluate the implementation of an urban planning policy that provides guidance on spatial access to supermarkets.

Design

Cross-sectional study used generalised estimating equations to investigate associations between supermarket density and proximity, vegetable and fruit intake and BMI at five geographic scales representing distances people travel to purchase food by varying transport modes. A stratified analysis by area-level disadvantage was conducted to detect optimal distances to supermarkets across socio-economic areas. Spatial distribution of supermarket and transport access was analysed using a geographic information system.

Setting

Melbourne, Australia.

Subjects

Adults (n3128) from twelve local government areas (LGA) across Melbourne.

Results

Supermarket access was protective of BMI for participants in high disadvantaged areas within 800 m (P=0·040) and 1000 m (P=0·032) road network buffers around the household but not for participants in less disadvantaged areas. In urban growth area LGA, only 26 % of dwellings were within 1 km of a supermarket, far less than 80–90 % of dwellings suggested in the local urban planning policy. Low public transport access compounded disadvantage.

Conclusions

Rapid urbanisation is a global health challenge linked to increases in dietary risk factors and BMI. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying the most appropriate geographic scale to inform urban planning policy for optimal health outcomes across socio-economic strata. Urban planning policy implementation in disadvantaged areas within cities has potential for reducing health inequities.