bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of Exotic Collections of Arabica Coffee Genotypes for Coffee Berry Borer and Coffee Leaf Rust Disease Incidence
Authors: Gokavi Nagaraj , Gangadharappa P. M. , Prakash N. S. , Hiremath J. S. , Sathish D. , Nishani S. , Koulagi S.
Published: May 2022

In India, commercial cultivation of coffee relies upon two important species like Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee). In the consumer market, arabica coffee is preferred for its fine beverage quality, aromatic characteristics and low caffeine content compared to robusta coffee. In India coffee is grown under natural agroecosystem offers arabica coffee to fetch premium price in the international market. In spite of the commercial importance and the appropriate environmental conditions, the drastic reduction of arabica coffee area in India is likely associated with lack of adaptability for each ecological zone of the region, susceptibility to coffee berry borer and leaf rust and increased cost of production coupled with low productivity (470 kg clean coffee/ha). Therefore to address the issues identification of resistance source is the important criteria in crop improvement programme. With this background the study was aimed at screening of exotic collections of Arabica coffee genotypes maintained at Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI), Balehonnur, Karnataka, India against Coffee Berry Borer (CBB) and Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR). The experiment was laid out randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that, the CLR disease severity infection was ranged from 1.34 to 32.67 per cent and the genotypes S.1495, S.1561, S.2504, S.2509, S.2510, S.2529, S.2602 and S.2724 exhibited moderately resistant to leaf rust disease infection based on mean per cent disease severity level (1-5%). Hence, these genotypes will be valuable as new sources of resistance to these pathogens in the future and can be utilized in coffee breeding programmes in India. Similarly, all the genotypes utilized in the study were established low to least infestation of coffee berry borer (1.03 to 5.03 %).
Defense Industry Strategy in Strengthening the Indonesian Economy
Authors: Yulivan Ivan
Published: May 2022

Defense is important for a country, especially Indonesia, which is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with a total of 17,500 islands with a population of 274 million. Indonesia also has a variety of natural resources and is located in a strategic location because it is a crossroads for international trade. This then makes Indonesia vulnerable to threats both from within and outside the country that can threaten the sovereignty, territorial integrity and safety of the Indonesian nation. In maintaining its sovereignty and territorial integrity, Indonesia is preparing the TNI, which is armed with Alutsista. The Defense Industry is an industry that produces Alutsista. The Defense Industry is not only built to meet the needs of the TNI's defense equipment, but is expected to have an influence on the national economy in general and the region in particular. This research uses descriptive research. The research proves that PT Pindad (Persero) Turen has a role in the national economy in general and the Province of East Java in particular. This can be proven from the amount of the company's net profit and taxes deposited by PT Pindad (Persero) every time there is a transaction or routine every month to the state treasury. The contribution to East Java Province can also be seen from the number of workers absorbed by the company and the multiplier effects it causes, such as the absorption of labor through the company's business partners. The welfare of the population of East Java Province also increases every year and almost reaches the national average. The size of the UMK to per capita expenditure is also relatively able to meet the food and non-food needs of the population of East Java Province. PT Pindad (Persero) is currently also working on many projects both from within and outside the country and has strategic steps to develop its business, so it is not impossible that PT Pindad (Persero) can contribute more to the regional and national economy. field.
Justicia secunda Leaf Aqueous Fraction Suppressed NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2 in Arthritic Rat
Authors: Kings-Ogbonna Sandra A. , Anyasor Godswill N.
Published: May 2022

Aims: This study evaluated the effect of the aqueous fraction of Justicia secunda Vahl leaves on selected inflammatory markers Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor–kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its possible mechanism of action.

Study Design: J. secunda aqueous leaf fraction (JSALF) was tested on carrageenan, arachidonic and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced rat paw inflammation models, respectively.

Methodology:  Ninety male albino rats (Wistar strain) were randomly distributed into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group I: normal, administered with 1 mL NaCl, Group II: untreated control, no treatment, Group III: administered with 10 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) diclofenac sodium (reference drug), Group IV, V, and VI: administered with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.wt. J. secunda leaf aqueous fraction (JSALF), respectively. TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6 and COX-2 levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out.

Results: JSALF treated animals had significantly (P < .05) suppressed carrageenan, arachidonic and CFA-induced paw edema when compared with untreated control animals. Serum levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6 and COX-2 were significantly reduced (P < .05) in JSALF-treated animals. GC-MS detected 10 suspected anti-inflammatory compounds.

Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that J. secunda aqueous leaf fraction substantially suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators and COX-2 pathways in arthritic rats which justifies its folkloric use in the management of inflammatory diseases.
Know, Know Where, KnowWhereGraph: A densely connected, cross‐domain knowledge graph and geo‐enrichment service stack for applications in environmental intelligence
Authors: Janowicz Krzysztof , Hitzler Pascal , Li Wenwen , Rehberger Dean , Schildhauer Mark , Zhu Rui , Shimizu Cogan , Fisher Colby K. , Cai Ling , Mai Gengchen , Zalewski Joseph , Zhou Lu , Stephen Shirly , Gonzalez Seila , Mecum Bryce , Lopez‐Carr Anna , Schroeder Andrew , Smith David , Wright Dawn , Wang Sizhe , Tian Yuanyuan , Liu Zilong , Shi Meilin , D'Onofrio Anthony , Gu Zhining , Currier Kitty
Published: May 2022

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are a novel paradigm for the representation, retrieval, and integration of data from highly heterogeneous sources. Within just a few years, KGs and their supporting technologies have become a core component of modern search engines, intelligent personal assistants, business intelligence, and so on. Interestingly, despite large‐scale data availability, they have yet to be as successful in the realm of environmental data and environmental intelligence. In this paper, we will explain why spatial data require special treatment, and how and when to semantically lift environmental data to a KG. We will present our KnowWhereGraph that contains a wide range of integrated datasets at the human–environment interface, introduce our application areas, and discuss geospatial enrichment services on top of our graph. Jointly, the graph and services will provide answers to questions such as “what is here,” “what happened here before,” and “how does this region compare to …” for any region on earth within seconds.
RefineNet‐based 2D and 3D automatic segmentations for clinical target volume and organs at risks for patients with cervical cancer in postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Xiao Chengjian , Jin Juebin , Yi Jinling , Han Ce , Zhou Yongqiang , Ai Yao , Xie Congying , Jin Xiance
Published: May 2022

Purpose

An accurate and reliable target volume delineation is critical for the safe and successful radiotherapy. The purpose of this study is to develop new 2D and 3D automatic segmentation models based on RefineNet for clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs) for postoperative cervical cancer based on computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods

A 2D RefineNet and 3D RefineNetPlus3D were adapted and built to automatically segment CTVs and OARs on a total of 44 222 CT slices of 313 patients with stage I–III cervical cancer. Fully convolutional networks (FCNs), U‐Net, context encoder network (CE‐Net), UNet3D, and ResUNet3D were also trained and tested with randomly divided training and validation sets, respectively. The performances of these automatic segmentation models were evaluated by Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Jaccard similarity coefficient, and average symmetric surface distance when comparing them with manual segmentations with the test data.

Results

The DSC for RefineNet, FCN, U‐Net, CE‐Net, UNet3D, ResUNet3D, and RefineNet3D were 0.82, 0.80, 0.82, 0.81, 0.80, 0.81, and 0.82 with a mean contouring time of 3.2, 3.4, 8.2, 3.9, 9.8, 11.4, and 6.4 s, respectively. The generated RefineNetPlus3D demonstrated a good performance in the automatic segmentation of bladder, small intestine, rectum, right and left femoral heads with a DSC of 0.97, 0.95, 091, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively, with a mean computation time of 6.6 s.

Conclusions

The newly adapted RefineNet and developed RefineNetPlus3D were promising automatic segmentation models with accurate and clinically acceptable CTV and OARs for cervical cancer patients in postoperative radiotherapy.
Adding customized electron energy beams to TrueBeam linear accelerators
Authors: Gao Song , Muruganandham Manickam , Du Weiliang , Ohrt Jared , Kudchadker Rajat J. , Balter Peter A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To better meet clinical needs and facilitate optimal treatment planning, we added two new electron energy beams (7 and 11 MeV) to two Varian TrueBeam linacs.

Methods

We worked with the vendor to create two additional customized electron energies without hardware modifications. For each beam, we set the bending magnet current and then optimized other beam‐specific parameters to achieve depths of 50% ionization (I50) of 2.9 cm for 7 MeV and 4.2 cm for the 11 MeV beam with the 15 × 15 cm2 cone at 100 cm source‐to‐surface distance (SSD) by using an ionization chamber profiler (ICP) with a double‐wedge (DW) phantom. Beams were steered and balanced to optimize symmetry with the ICP. After all parameters were set, full commissioning was done including measuring beam profiles, percent depth doses (PDDs), output factors (OFs) at standard, and extended SSDs. Measured data were compared between the two linacs and against the values calculated by our RayStation treatment planning system (TPS) following Medical Physics Practice Guideline 5.a (MPPG 5.a) guidelines.

Results

The I50 values initially determined with the ICP/DW agreed with those from a PDD‐scanned in‐water phantom within 0.2 mm for the 7 and 11 MeV on both linacs. Comparison of the beam characteristics from the two linacs indicated that flatness and symmetry agreed within 0.4%, and point‐by‐point differences in PDD were within 0.01% ± 0.3% for the 7 MeV and 0.01% ± 0.3% for the 11 MeV. The OF ratios between the two linacs were 1.000 ± 0.007 for the 7 MeV and 1.004 ± 0.007 for the 11 MeV. Agreement between TPS‐calculated outputs and measurements were −0.1% ± 1.0% for the 7 MeV and 0.2% ± 0.8% for the 11 MeV. All other parameters met the MPPG 5.a's 3%/3‐mm criteria.

Conclusion

We were able to add two new beam energies with no hardware modifications. Tuning of the new beams was facilitated by the ICP/DW system allowing us to have the procedures done in a few hours and achieve highly consistent results across two linacs.

PACS numbers: 87.55.Qr, 87.56.Fc
Carbon Helical Nanorobots Capable of Cell Membrane Penetration for Single Cell Targeted SERS Bio‐Sensing and Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Yuduo , Pan Renjie , Wang Yong , Guo Peiting , Liu Xiaojia , Ji Fengtong , Hu Jing , Yan Xiaohui , Wang Guo Ping , Zhang Li , Sun Yanming , Ma Xing
Published: May 2022

Penetration of cell membrane at micro/nano‐scale with untethered probe is of great scientific significance, yet still challenging. Here, a carbon nanocoil based magnetic nanorobot, which can precisely target single cell and perform cell membrane penetration, is reported. The nanorobots are as‐synthesized by chemical vapor deposition with high yield, followed by physical deposition of Ni and Au nanofilms. Rotating electromagnetic fields are used to steer the nanorobots to navigate following any pre‐designed path. The helical nanorobots can realize mechanical perforation of the plasma membrane and even nuclear envelope with precise position at the subcellular level. With the aid of the externally deposited Au nanofilm, surface enhanced Raman scattering bio‐sensing signals can be collected from cellular plasma and nucleus. Furthermore, the nanorobots demonstrate capability of efficient photothermal therapy against targeted cancer cells and serve as an integrated theranostic platform, providing promising prospects in future precision medicine.
DNA‐Based Dissipative Assembly toward Nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Liu Qing , Li Hong , Yu Binhong , Meng Zhuojun , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Junbai , Zheng Lifei
Published: May 2022

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) represents an important class of molecular building blocks for the assembly of supramolecular functional systems primarily due to its molecular recognition capability and sequence programmability. Eventually, DNA‐based nanostructures are assembled in a way that their states remain at the thermodynamic minimum of the energy. However, active life‐like functions and their interactive adaption require the integration of energy away from thermodynamic equilibrium. The construction of DNA‐based artificial systems was often inspired by the naturally occurring dissipative assembly processes, which leads to the consumption of energy to maintain the thermodynamically non‐equilibrium state. In this review, the recent progress of the fabrications and properties of DNA‐based dissipative assembly systems toward nanoarchitectonics is summarized. It focuses on the principle of dissipative assembly and shows some pioneering examples of DNA‐based dissipative assembly systems. The latest corresponding perspectives are also proposed.
Chirality in Light–Matter Interaction
Authors: Lininger Andrew , Palermo Giovanna , Guglielmelli Alexa , Nicoletta Giuseppe , Goel Madhav , Hinczewski Michael , Strangi Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

The scientific effort to control the interaction between light and matter has grown exponentially in the last 2 decades. This growth has been aided by the development of scientific and technological tools enabling the manipulation of light at deeply sub‐wavelength scales, unlocking a large variety of novel phenomena spanning traditionally distant research areas. Here, the role of chirality in light–matter interactions is reviewed by providing a broad overview of its properties, materials, and applications. A perspective on future developments is highlighted, including the growing role of machine learning in designing advanced chiroptical materials to enhance and control light–matter interactions across several scales.
Ultra‐Rapid Removal of Pb(II) Ions by a Nano‐MoS2 Decorated Graphene Aided by the Unique Combination of Affinity and Electrochemistry
Authors: Arya Nair J. S. , Saisree S. , Sandhya K. Y.
Published: May 2022

Cost‐effective adsorbent materials with high Pb(II) removal efficiency and selectivity are considered necessary for successfully removing Pb(II) contamination from drinking water because of their high‐level toxicity and the ultra‐low safe level of ≤10 ppb in water. This study demonstrates the synthesis and the ultrafast Pb(II) removal capability of a partially reduced graphene oxide‐nano‐molybdenum disulfide composite (prGO‐MoS2). The prGO‐MoS2 exhibits thin sheets of prGO covered more or less uniformly with nano‐MoS2, and the open architecture gives enhanced accessibility to the S2– and oxygen moieties present in prGO‐MoS2. A single treatment of contaminated water samples with prGO‐MoS2 rapidly decreases the concentration of Pb(II) from 10 000 ppb to 0.8642 ppb within ≤3 min with an efficiency of ≥99.99% (4 log reduction value) at a V/m ratio of 2000 mL mg−1. Among the reported materials for Pb(II) removal, prGO‐MoS2 exhibits the fastest removal speed (≤3 min) and the second‐highest adsorption capacity (762 mg g−1), and the highest distribution coefficient (Kd = 6.0 × 108 mL g−1). Here, the high removal performance of Pb(II) by prGO‐MoS2 is delineated based on affinity between Pb(II) and S2− and oxygen moieties, electrochemistry, and the unique structural characteristics.
C3N4/PDA S‐Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic H2O2 Production Performance and Its Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xidong , Yu Jiaguo , Macyk Wojciech , Wageh S. , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Wang Linxi
Published: May 2022

Developing a high‐performance photocatalyst is important for realizing efficient photocatalytic H2O2 generation. Herein, a novel step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunction photocatalyst C3N4/PDA (CNP) comprised of ultrathin g‐C3N4 (U‐CN) and polydopamine (PDA) is constructed by in situ self‐polymerization. The optimal photocatalyst presents an excellent H2O2 production rate of 3801.25 µmol g−1 h−1 under light irradiation, which is about 2 and 11 times higher than that of pure U‐CN and PDA, respectively, and exceeds most of the reported C3N4‐based photocatalysts. The improvement of photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the synergistic effect of improved light absorption and promoted charge separation and transfer induced by the S‐scheme heterojunction. In situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISI‐XPS) reveals that the charge transfer route matches the S‐scheme mechanism. Rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy verify that H2O2 is produced by a two‐step one‐electron process. This work highlights a promising method to construct high‐performance S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts through the hybridization of PDA and C3N4.
Engineering the Dipole Orientation and Symmetry Breaking with Mixed‐Dimensional Heterostructures
Authors: Uddin Md Gius , Das Susobhan , Shafi Abde Mayeen , Khayrudinov Vladislav , Ahmed Faisal , Fernandez Henry , Du Luojun , Lipsanen Harri , Sun Zhipei
Published: May 2022

Engineering of the dipole and the symmetry of materials plays an important role in fundamental research and technical applications. Here, a novel morphological manipulation strategy to engineer the dipole orientation and symmetry of 2D layered materials by integrating them with 1D nanowires (NWs) is reported. This 2D InSe –1D AlGaAs NW heterostructure example shows that the in‐plane dipole moments in InSe can be engineered in the mixed‐dimensional heterostructure to significantly enhance linear and nonlinear optical responses (e.g., photoluminescence, Raman, and second harmonic generation) with an enhancement factor of up to ≈12. Further, the 1D NW can break the threefold rotational symmetry of 2D InSe, leading to a strong optical anisotropy of up to ≈65%. These results of engineering dipole orientation and symmetry breaking with the mixed‐dimensional heterostructures open a new path for photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Strongly Anharmonic Phonons and Their Role in Superionic Diffusion and Ultralow Thermal Conductivity of Cu7PSe6
Authors: Gupta Mayanak K. , Ding Jingxuan , Bansal Dipanshu , Abernathy Douglas L. , Ehlers Georg , Osti Naresh C. , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Delaire Olivier
Published: May 2022

The quest for advanced superionic materials requires understanding their complex atomic dynamics, but detailed studies of the interplay between lattice vibrations and ionic diffusion remain scarce. Here inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering measurements in the superionic argyrodite Cu7PSe6 are reported, combined with molecular dynamics (MD) based on ab initio and machine‐learned potentials, providing critical insights into the atomistic mechanisms underlying fast ion conduction. The results reveal how long‐range Cu diffusion is limited by intercluster hopping, controlled by selective anharmonic phonons of the crystalline framework. Further, the Green–Kubo simulations reproduce the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity and identify contributions from mobile ions, phonons, and their cross‐correlations. The mode resolved analysis shows that the thermal conductivity is dominated by low‐energy acoustic phonon modes of the overall crystal framework. The analysis of mode‐resolved spectral functions further show that vibrational modes with significant Cu contributions are strongly damped, corresponding to the breakdown of associated phonon quasiparticles. These results highlight the importance of strongly anharmonic effects in superionic systems, in which the traditional quasiharmonic phonon picture is insufficient, and pave the way toward combining machine‐learning accelerated simulations with neutron scattering experiments to rationalize the complex atomic dynamics underlying ionic and thermal transport.
Supramolecular Rotaxane‐Based Multi‐Modal Probes for Cancer Biomarker Imaging**
Authors: d'Orchymont Faustine , Holland Jason P.
Published: May 2022

Mechanically interlocked molecules present opportunities to construct therapeutic drugs and diagnostic imaging agents but harnessing supramolecular chemistry to make biologically active probes in water is a challenge. Here, we describe a rotaxane‐based approach to synthesise radiolabelled proteins and peptides for molecular imaging of cancer biomarkers in vivo. Host–guest chemistry using β‐cyclodextrin‐ and cucurbit[6]uril‐catalysed cooperative capture synthesis produced gallium‐68 or zirconium‐89 radiolabelled metallo[4]rotaxanes. Photochemical conjugation to trastuzumab led to a viable positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer. The rotaxane architecture can be tuned to accommodate different radiometal ion complexes, other protein‐ or peptide‐based drugs, and fluorophores for optical detection. This technology provides a platform to explore how mechanical bonding can improve drug delivery, enhance tumour specificity, control radiotracer pharmacokinetics, and reduce dosimetry.
Foto‐Induzierte Ruthenium‐Katalysierte Doppel C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H Funktionalisierungen durch Radikalübertragungen
Authors: Wang Yulei , Chen Shan , Chen Xinran , Zangarelli Agnese , Ackermann Lutz
Published: May 2022

Distale C(sp2)−H‐ und C(sp3)−H‐Funktionalisierungen haben sich kürzlich als schrittökonomische Werkzeuge für die molekulare Synthese entwickelt. Obwohl der Aufbau von C(sp2)−C(sp3)‐Bindungen von grundlegender Bedeutung ist, hat sich ihre Bildung durch doppelte C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H‐Aktivierung als schwierig erwiesen. Durch die Kombination der Ruthenium‐katalysierten meta‐C(sp2)−H‐Funktionalisierung durch einen aliphatischen Wasserstoffatomtransfer (HAT)‐Prozess beschreiben wir hier zweifach C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H‐Funktionalisierungen durch foto‐induzierte Ruthenium‐vermittelte Radikalübertragungen. Somit wurden meta‐C(sp2)−H‐Arenbindungen und distale C(sp3)−H‐Alkanbindungen durch einen einzigen Katalysator aktiviert. Dieser Prozess wurde bei Raumtemperatur unter der Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht erreicht – bemerkenswerterweise ohne exogene Photokatalysatoren. Experimentelle und rechnerische Studien deckten die zugrunde liegenden mechanistischen Schritte auf, die die ortho‐C−H‐Aktivierung, Einzelelektronentransfer (SET), 1,n‐HAT (n=5–7) und σ‐Aktivierung durch einen einzigen Ruthenium(II)‐Katalysator umfassten.
Toughness enhancement of polyamide 6,12 with intermolecular hydrogen bonding with 3‐pentadecylphenol
Authors: Lu Jing , Jalali Amirjalal , Yao Jianqi , Ma Qin , Yin Jiajie , Zhang Ruiyan , Luo Faliang
Published: May 2022

Due to the brittle performance of polyamide 6,12 (PA6,12) in high impact environment, we report a facile, efficient, and scalable method to toughen PA6,12 by establishing intermolecular hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding) interaction with 3‐pentadecylphenol (PDP). Interestingly, the intermolecular H‐bonding interaction obviously hindered PA crystallization, which was evidenced by decrease of crystalline temperature from 186.8 to 175.8°C and prolong of crystallization half‐time from 0.27 to 0.37 min, when the amount of PDP was increased to 30 wt%. Consequently, the toughness of the PA6,12/PDP composites containing 30 wt% PDP was improved and their notched impact strength reached to 17.5 kJ m−2, about three times higher than that of the neat PA6,12. It was deduced that both plasticizing effect and intermolecular H‐bonding interaction played critical roles in PA6,12 resultant composites toughness, which opens a new perspective of PA6,12 toughening for a wide range of applications.
Internal investigations for nonprofits: A means of identifying and addressing misconduct before the regulators come calling
Authors: Rowland Cynthia R. , Gilbert Aviva J.
Published: May 2022

The worst nightmare for most nonprofit board members is a complaint that sparks an investigation of misconduct at the organization. The ember may have been burning for some time before the board becomes aware or may be a sudden wind‐driven catastrophe that started with one person's bad or inept act. No matter the source, how can the board best surround the organization with a defensible space? And, once battling the heat of the disaster, what to do? This article discusses best practices in board policies that help to identify issues early, respond early and minimize the toll of an investigation.
Exploring the linkages of green transformational leadership, organizational green learning, and radical green innovation
Authors: Cui Rixiao , Wang Juanru , Zhou Cong
Published: May 2022

Radical green innovation is the necessary way for countries and firms to achieve sustainable development. Although the influencing factors of green innovation have attracted extensive attention, there is little research on the antecedents of radical green innovation. Drawing on organizational learning theory and attention‐based view, this study proposes R‐I ratio to measure the configuration of exploratory green learning and exploitative green learning, then analyzes the relationships among green transformational leadership, R‐I ratio and radical green innovation, and examines the moderating effects of green R&D investment and environmental regulatory pressure. Based on a sample of 243 manufacturing firms in China's strategic emerging industries, the empirical results reveal that green transformational leadership promotes R‐I ratio, and R‐I ratio has inverted U‐shaped relationship with radical green innovation. The results also find that green R&D investment plays U‐shaped moderating role in the relationship between green transformational leadership and R‐I ratio, and environmental regulatory pressure positively moderates the relationship between green transformational leadership and R‐I ratio. The study not only reveals the relationships of green transformational leadership, organizational green learning and radical green innovation, but also provides theoretical guidance and management practice for manufacturing firms and government to promote radical green innovation.
Presentation of preclinical gastrointestinal anatomy via laparoscopic simulation
Authors: McCumber Travis L. , Mott Justin L. , Merani Shaheed , Rochling Fedja A.
Published: May 2022

In this report, the authors examine the integration of teaching anatomical science with clinical implications in minimally invasive surgery. The authors hypothesized that implementation of integrated laparoscopic simulation during undergraduate medical education would improve student learning of anatomical structures from in situ, laparoscopic orientations; and subsequently improve student preparation for clinical rotations and clerkships. During the fall of 2020 and 2021, 260 (130 students/year) second year medical students at the University of Nebraska Medical Center participated in a six‐week gastrointestinal curriculum. Following a traditional anatomy dissection experience, students completed a laparoscopic event consisting of narrated laparoscopic videos and hands‐on laparoscopic simulation. To examine the integrated curricular event, outcome measures focused on technical performance using grasping forceps, anatomical knowledge, and perception of the educational innovation. Outcomes were analyzed via timed performance and a pre and post assessment that was designed to assess student anatomical knowledge and perception. Completion of the technical performance assessment ranged from 1 min, 17 s to 6 min. Student knowledge of anatomical structures from in situ, laparoscopic orientations following the laparoscopic simulation sessions was significantly improved (53.3% pre vs 81.0% post), and almost all students (98.9%) agreed that the simulation sessions improved their understanding of laparoscopic anatomy and procedures. This report demonstrates the implementation of a multidisciplinary, integrated simulation that satisfied basic science anatomy teaching objectives, while enhancing student enthusiasm for the content. Future studies will examine the subsequent impact of the innovation on student preparedness for clinical rotations and clerkships.
Xanthones from Calophyllum Polyanthum Wallich ex Choisy with CYP1 Enzymes Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Cao Ting‐Ting , Huang Ruo‐Yue , Li Xu , Yang Teng‐Yun , Xie Hui‐Ding , Shen Yun‐Heng , Li Fei , Li Xian
Published: May 2022

Three new xanthone compounds, 1,3,5‐trihydroxy‐2‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐3‐enyl)‐4‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl)xanthone (1), toxyloxanthone E (2), dehydrocycloguanandin B (3) along with 15 known xanthones (4–18) were isolated from the aerial parts of Calophyllum polyanthum Wall. ex Choisy. Their structures were fully characterised using spectroscopic data, as well as comparison with the previous literature data. All isolated compounds had inhibitory effects against CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes at working concentration of 10 μM, 1 μM and 10 μM, respectively. Among them, compounds 10, 11, and 12 exhibited better CYP1A2 enzyme inhibitory effects than that of the positive control α‐naphthoflavone, with 51.05 %, 56.82 % and 44.93 % inhibition, respectively.
Context‐Dependence of the Reactivity of Cysteine and Lysine Residues
Authors: Boll Linus B. , Raines Ronald T.
Published: May 2022

The S‐alkylation of Cys residues with a maleimide and the Nϵ‐acylation of Lys residues with an N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester are common methods for bioconjugation. Using Cys and Lys derivatives as proxies, we assessed differences in reactivity depending on the position of Cys or Lys in a protein sequence. We find that Cys position is exploitable to improve site‐selectivity in maleimide‐based modifications. Reactivity decreases substantially in the order N‐terminal>in‐chain>C‐terminal Cys due to modulation of sulfhydryl pKa by the α‐ammonium and carboxylate groups at the termini. A lower pKa value yields a larger fraction thiolate, which promotes selectivity while somewhat decreasing thiolate nucleophilicity in accord with
=0.41. Lowering pH and salt concentration enhances selectivity still further. In contrast, differences in the reactivity of Lys towards an NHS ester were modest due to an appreciable decrease in amino group nucleophilicity with a lower pKa of its conjugate acid. Hence, site‐selective Lys modification protocols will require electrophiles other than NHS esters.
Growing teratoma syndrome: Two case reports
Authors: Shrestha Anju , Dhakal Hari , Pandey Sirish Raj , Amatya Kapendra Shekhar , Shrestha Sudip , Tiwari Prakash Nidhi , lama Srijana
Published: May 2022

We present two cases of 10 and 27 years old girls with recurrence of immature teratoma after an incomplete surgical staging. In both cases, there were huge abdominopelvic masses despite decrease in tumor markers with chemotherapy. Complete surgical resection of these masses was done, and histopathology showed only mature teratoma.
Acute polyneuropathy as the main manifestation of primary Sjogren’s syndrome: A case report
Authors: Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush Arsh , Abbasi Khoshsirat Nahid , Maghoul Arman , Nirouei Matineh , Dolatshahi Elahe
Published: May 2022

Sjogren's syndrome is an inflammatory disease affecting many systems. We report a Sjogren case with the presenting feature of an acute motor‐predominant polyneuropathy resembling Guillain–Barre syndrome. Upon further investigation, it was found that the patient had sicca symptoms for months. Scrupulous history should be taken to prevent a missed diagnosis.
Concomitant coexistence of ACTH‐dependent and independent Cushing syndrome
Authors: Taieb Ach , Ghada Saad , Asma Gorchène , Asma Ben Abdelkrim , Maha Kacem , Koussay Ach
Published: May 2022

We report a case of a patient who presented for ACTH‐dependent Cushing after a confirmed hypercortisolism and an inadequate normal ACTH. A transsphenoidal surgery of a pituitary picoadenoma has been done. After surgery, the patient showed the persistence of hypercortisolism. CT scan revealed adrenal adenomas removed surgically and improved the patient.
Endometrial adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis: A case report
Authors: Mirzaei Monire , Eshraghi Abbas , Ghoddoosi Mahdiieh , Fatemi Maedeh Alsadat , Eshraghi Azhar , Suvvari Tarun Kumar , Fazilat‐Panah Danial
Published: May 2022

We reported a female with endometrial adenocarcinoma who was evaluated with whole‐body bone scan for new‐onset bone pains 6 months after completion of treatment.
Indocyanine green fluorescence: A surgeon’s tool for the surgical approach of gallstone ileus
Authors: Nieto Luis Alejandro , Cabrera‐Vargas Luis Felipe , Lozada‐Martínez Ivan David , Guardo‐Carmona Daniela , Contreras Martin , Pedraza Mauricio , Narvaez‐Rojas Alexis Rafael
Published: May 2022

Fluorescence cholangiography has been shown to improve biliary anatomy identification. A case of 60‐year‐old man with intestinal obstruction is reported, an entero‐biliary fistula is suspected, and intravenous application of indocyanine green is decided, despite the great inflammatory process and fibrotic tissues found during the procedure, safe open cholecystectomy was achieved.
Salt Solution Concentration Effects on the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)
Authors: Sitarik Peter , Martin David C.
Published: May 2022

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has become a widely used modifier for biomedical electrodes because of its ability to significantly decrease the impedance at low frequencies (below 1 kHz). However, in past studies the role of the solution concentration (ionic conductivity) on the electrochemical impedance behavior has not been well established. Here we describe the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the conjugated polymer (PEDOT) using standard screen‐printed electrodes and various standard salt (NaCl) solutions with known conductivities from 1.0E‐2 S/cm to 3.1E‐6 S/cm. Changing the conductivity of the salt solution used for impedance measurements had a dramatic influence on the experimentally obtained spectra. An equivalent circuit consisting of a constant phase element in series with a parallel resistor and second constant phase element was used to match and describe these systems. Our results make it possible to better elucidate the influence of electrode, solution, and polymer coating on the resulting impedance response.
Late‐Stage Installation of Dehydroamino Acid Motifs into Peptides Enabled by an N‐Chloropeptide Strategy
Authors: Nanjo Takeshi , Oshita Takuma , Matsumoto Ayaka , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: May 2022

Conventional methods for the construction of dehydroamino acids (ΔAAs), which are a unique class of non‐proteinogenic amino acids, require the pre‐installation of special amino acids. Herein, we report and demonstrate the practical utility of an N‐chloropeptide strategy for the rapid construction of ΔAA‐containing peptides. The electrophilic N‐chlorination of peptide bonds is drastically accelerated by a catalytic amount of quinuclidine (ABCO), and the subsequent β‐elimination of N‐chloroamide efficiently provides ΔAA‐containing peptides in high yield. The strategy enables, for the first time, the construction of a wide variety of ΔAA residues in peptides without any pre‐functionalized side chains and facilitates the late‐stage installation of ΔAA motifs into already‐constructed oligopeptides, including a medicinally important macrocyclic peptide.
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Hydrodecarboxylation and Deuterodecarboxylation of Fatty Acids
Authors: Sun Yuan‐Li , Tan Fang‐Fang , Hu Rong‐Gui , Hu Chun‐Hong , Li Yang
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive Summary

We develop an efficient visible‐light photoreodox‐catalyzed hydrodecarboxylation and deuterodecarboxylation of fatty acids for alkanes and deuterium alkanes. The key to the efficient transformation should attribute to the co‐catalysis of the suitable methoxy substituted acridine photocatalyst (Mes‐1,3,6,8‐tetramethoxy‐Acr‐3”,5”‐dimethoxy‐Ph) and the hydrogen atom transfer catalyst 4′,4′‐dimethyl diphenyldisulfane, possibly via facilitating of quenching the active alkyl radicals to overcome the competitive homocoupling products, olefins via the disproportionation, cracking products via the C—C bond β‐scission.
Increased population exposure to Amphan‐scale cyclones under future climates
Authors: Mitchell Dann , Hawker Laurence , Savage James , Bingham Rory , Lord Natalie S. , Khan Md Jamal Uddin , Bates Paul , Durand Fabien , Hassan Ahmadul , Huq Saleemul , Islam Akm Saiful , Krien Yann , Neal Jeffrey , Sampson Chris , Smith Andy , Testut Laurent
Published: May 2022

Southern Asia experiences some of the most damaging climate events in the world, with loss of life from some cyclones in the hundreds of thousands. Despite this, research on climate extremes in the region is substantially lacking compared to other parts of the world. To understand the narrative of how an extreme event in the region may change in the future, we consider Super Cyclone Amphan, which made landfall in May 2020, bringing storm surges of 2–4 m to coastlines of India and Bangladesh. Using the latest CMIP6 climate model projections, coupled with storm surge, hydrological, and socio‐economic models, we consider how the population exposure to a storm surge of Amphan's scale changes in the future. We vary future sea level rise and population changes consistent with projections out to 2100, but keep other factors constant. Both India and Bangladesh will be negatively impacted, with India showing >200% increased exposure to extreme storm surge flooding (>3 m) under a high emissions scenario and Bangladesh showing an increase in exposure of >80% for low‐level flooding (>0.1 m). It is only when we follow a low‐emission scenario, consistent with the 2°C Paris Agreement Goal, that we see no real change in Bangladesh's storm surge exposure, mainly due to the population and climate signals cancelling each other out. For India, even with this low‐emission scenario, increases in flood exposure are still substantial (>50%). While here we attribute only the storm surge flooding component of the event to climate change, we highlight that tropical cyclones are multifaceted, and damages are often an integration of physical and social components. We recommend that future climate risk assessments explicitly account for potential compounding factors.
Polygenic Risk Scores for Blood Pressure to Assess the Risk of Severe Bevacizumab‐Induced Hypertension in Cancer Patients (Alliance)
Authors: Quintanilha Julia C.F. , Etheridge Amy S. , Graynor Brady J. , Larson Nicholas B. , Crona Daniel J. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Innocenti Federico
Published: May 2022

Hypertension is a common bevacizumab‐induced toxicity. No markers are available to predict patients at risk of developing hypertension. We hypothesized that genetic risk of essential hypertension, as measured by a blood pressure polygenic risk score (PRS), would be associated with risk of severe bevacizumab‐induced hypertension. PRSs were calculated for 1,027 bevacizumab‐treated patients of European descent with cancer from four clinical trials (Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology (Alliance) / Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 80303, 40503, 90401, 40502) using summary systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) genome‐wide association results obtained from 757,601 individuals of European descent. The association between PRS and grade 3 bevacizumab‐induced hypertension (Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 3) in each trial was performed by multivariable logistic regression. Fixed‐effect meta‐analyses odds ratios (ORs) per standard deviation (SD) of the association of PRS (quantitative) and hypertension across trials were estimated by inverse‐variance weighting. PRSs were additionally stratified into quintiles, with the bottom quintile as the referent group. The OR of the association between hypertension and each quintile vs. the referent group was determined by logistic regression. The most significant PRS (quantitative)‐hypertension association included up to 67 single‐nucleotide variants (SNPs) associated with SBP (P = 0.0077, OR per SD = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.60), and up to 53 SNPs associated with DBP (P = 0.0209, OR per SD = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.04–1.56). Patients in the top quintile had a higher risk of developing bevacizumab‐induced hypertension compared with patients in the bottom quintile using SNPs associated with SBP (P = 4.75 × 10−4, OR = 3.72, 95% CI, 1.84–8.16) and DBP (P = 0.076, OR = 1.83, 95% CI, 0.95–3.64). Genetic variants associated with essential hypertension, mainly SBP, increase the risk of severe bevacizumab‐induced hypertension.
UV‐Induced C−H Functionalization of Alkanes with NO2 in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ivanov Roman E. , Zharkov Mikhail N. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: May 2022

A novel catalyst‐free method for functionalization of unbranched alkanes via radical nitration with UV‐activated nitrogen oxide (IV) in supercritical carbon dioxide medium has been developed. The method allows to transform these inactive substrates into corresponding nitrates and nitro compounds with outstanding yields (up to 65 %), using available reagents (NO2, O2) under mild reaction conditions (35–50 °C), and exhibits lower hazards compared to conventional analogues. An improved selectivity towards the nitrates has been achieved by adding pure oxygen to the reaction. Based on changes in reaction rate and product composition, the plausible reaction mechanism for the UV‐induced C−H functionalization of alkanes with nitrogen oxide (IV) and pure oxygen has been proposed.
Visualizing Cell Motility in Mouse Ear Explants
Authors: Petrie Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

A method to visualize cell motility in fluorescence‐labeled mouse‐ear dermal explants is described. This approach allows cell and matrix dynamics to be visualized in physiologically relevant, three‐dimensional (3D) environments. This Basic Protocol for the preparation of mouse‐ear dermal explants can be optimized and applied to any tissue explant and cell type. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Pseudocowpox virus, a novel vector to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor vaccination
Authors: Ramos Rodrigo Nalio , Tosch Caroline , Kotsias Fiorella , Claudepierre Marie‐Christine , Schmitt Doris , Remy‐Ziller Christelle , Hoffmann Chantal , Ricordel Marine , Nourtier Virginie , Farine Isabelle , Laruelle Laurence , Hortelano Julie , Spring‐Giusti Clementine , Sedlik Christine , Le Tourneau Christophe , Hoffmann Caroline , Silvestre Nathalie , Erbs Philippe , Bendjama Kaidre , Thioudellet Christine , Quemeneur Eric , Piaggio Eliane , Rittner Karola
Published: May 2022

Objective

Antitumor viral vaccines, and more particularly poxviral vaccines, represent an active field for clinical development and translational research. To improve the efficacy and treatment outcome, new viral vectors are sought, with emphasis on their abilities to stimulate innate immunity, to display tumor antigens and to induce a specific T‐cell response.

Methods

We screened for a new poxviral backbone with improved innate and adaptive immune stimulation using IFN‐α secretion levels in infected PBMC cultures as selection criteria. Assessment of virus effectiveness was made in vitro and in vivo.

Results

The bovine pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) stood out among several poxviruses for its ability to induce significant secretion of IFN‐α. PCPV produced efficient activation of human monocytes and dendritic cells, degranulation of NK cells and reversed MDSC‐induced T‐cell suppression, without being offensive to activated T cells. A PCPV‐based vaccine, encoding the HPV16 E7 protein (PCPV‐E7), stimulated strong antigen‐specific T‐cell responses in TC1 tumor‐bearing mice. Complete regression of tumors was obtained in a CD8+ T‐cell‐dependent manner after intratumoral injection of PCPV‐E7, followed by intravenous injection of the cancer vaccine MVA‐E7. PCPV also proved active when injected repeatedly intratumorally in MC38 tumor‐bearing mice, generating tumor‐specific T‐cell responses without encoding a specific MC38 antigen. From a translational perspective, we demonstrated that PCPV‐E7 effectively stimulated IFN‐γ production by T cells from tumor‐draining lymph nodes of HPV+‐infected cancer patients.

Conclusion

We propose PCPV as a viral vector suitable for vaccination in the field of personalised cancer vaccines, in particular for heterologous prime‐boost regimens.
Case of needle tract seeding during preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yane Kei , Aoki Mai , Tomita Yusuke , Yoshida Masahiro , Morita Kotaro , Ihara Hideyuki , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Kondo Hitoshi , Oyamada Yumiko
Published: May 2022

Reports of needle tract seeding (NTS) as a complication of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) have been increasing. To date, most of the reported cases of NTS have been diagnosed during the postoperative follow‐up period. Herein, we report a case of NTS that occurred during preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy after EUS‐FNA for resectable pancreatic cancer. The patient underwent transgastric EUS‐FNA for a pancreatic tail tumor. He was diagnosed as having resectable pancreatic cancer and received preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After completion of the chemotherapy, computed tomography showed a thick‐walled cyst‐like structure appearing between the pancreas and the gastric wall. Combined resection revealed adenocarcinoma invasion into the cyst‐like structure. Based on the clinical course, and surgical and pathological findings, the condition was diagnosed as NTS. It is thus crucial that after EUS‐FNA, a detailed review of the imaging findings be conducted in the preoperative period. If adhesions between the stomach and the pancreas are observed after transgastric EUS‐FNA, combined resection of the gastric wall should be considered.