bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Major Movements in Political Parties’ Formation in Iran
Authors: Nikfar Jaseb
Published: February 2016

The political parties were formed in Iran following western countries, after the constitutional revolution and second parliament in 1909, and since then they have witnessed rise and falls. The analytical study and an accurate knowledge of the main movements forming the political parties of the last century that is essential for the development of a democratic society in Iranian society. Based on an analytical and accurate study, from the very beginning of political party formation to the present, three forces are distinguishable in Iranian Society and the partial activities during the past 100 years can be framed in three movements:
 The Religious Movement, the National Movement, and the Left Movement to be the major causes for political party formation in Iran in the last century. In this article, the author has tried to explain these major movements and political parties that emerged from these movements using the library sources.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Plant Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: March 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Plant Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2016.
МОНГОЛ ТУУЛЬ ДАХЬ ЕРОТИК ДҮРСЛЭЛ
Authors: Катуу Х
Published: March 2016

Монгол тууль нь хэдэн зууны тэртээгээс билиг танхай туульчдын оюуны цэцээр шүүгдэн тунгаагдсан монголчуудын ахуй амьдрал, хэл, соёл, түүх, шашин шүтлэг, зан үйл, ертөнцийг үзэх үзэл, хүсэл мөрөөдлийг тусгасан үгийн урлагийн сонгодог туурвил учраас хэл утга зохиол, түүх, соёл, зан үйл, архелоги, угсаатны судлалд үнэлж баршгүй эх хэрэглэгдэхүүн болсоор ирсэн бөгөөд хойшид ч болох нь гарцаагүй билээ. Үнэндээ монгол туульсыг унших дутам монгол угсаатны нийгэм, түүх, ахуй, утга соёлын байдал нүдэнд харагдаж, чихэнд сонсогдож, гарт тэмтрэгдэх шиг болдог юм.
МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН ТӨСВИЙН ХӨРӨНГӨ ОРУУЛАЛТЫН ҮР АШГИЙН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Оюунцэцэг Д
Published: March 2016

In brief, the legislations and purposes of the budget investment policy of Mongolia have been taken into account in this survey. The budget investment growth, total budget expenditure and the changes of the density to GDP since 1990 on dynamic growth method have been studied by using the official sources like National Statistical Office of Mongolia and the Ministry of Finance. Moreover, I summarized the budget investment efficiency by using the Incremental Capital-Output Ratio method (hereinafter referred to as ICOR) and data of the National Statistical Office of Mongolia from 2002 to 2012.GDP and investment indicators are computed at 2005 constant prices. Investment at current prices was multiplied with the deflator of the year 2005 to convert to at 2005 constant prices.Although, as the result of the analysis, the amount of budget investment cost and its density to GDP and state budget expenditure are increasing, investment budget is still not efficient enough. Accordingly, it is recommended to increase the budget investment benefit and to sophisticate its composition.
Mobile Device Use in Pharmacy: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Duncan Vicky , Vokey Sherri , Gordon Shannon , Helwig Melissa , Chatterley Trish
Published: March 2016

Although there are studies that explore the use of mobile devices by physicians and pharmacists, there has not been a study to date that examines the prevalence and usage patterns of mobile devices amongst pharmacy students and faculty. This is the first pan-Canadian study that examines the prevalence and patterns of use of mobile devices by pharmacy faculty and students at Anglophone and Francophone universities. Unlike previous studies, this study also included interviews with participants to collect richer data than can be gathered with an online survey alone.
Evidence Based Nutrition and the Integrated Librarian
Authors: Horsman Amanda Rose
Published: March 2016

Program objective: Integration of a medical librarian into undergraduate nutrition Professional Practice class with an evidence based nutrition component. The objective of this integration is to increase the success rate of the PEN (Practice Evidence Nutrition) project. 

Setting: Undergraduate Nutrition Program. 

Participants: Third-year undergraduate nutrition students. 

Program: The librarian was invited to present PubMed in January 2011 to the Professional Practice class, which lead to repeat visits and more detailed instruction. What started as a one-shot presentation is now a highly integrated series of presentations and hands-on computer lab components that focus on the completion of a PEN project. 

Main results: Through constant review and modifications over the years, the librarian has been successfully integrated into the curriculum of not only the intended class, Professional Practice, but also into the Research Methods class. 

Conclusion: The librarian's knowledge of evidence-based medicine and the willingness of the professor to make use of the librarian's expertise resulted in a collaborative working relationship centred on student success. Such a high level of successful integration is possible through a good working relationship with the professor. A bonus of the integration into the class is more involvement within other areas the nutrition curriculum and with the other faculty members of the nutrition program.
DINÂMICA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS QUÍMICAS DE UM SUBSTRATO FLORESTAL EXPOSTO À IRRIGAÇÃO
Authors: Thebaldi Michael Silveira , Lima Luiz Antonio , Braga Colares Matheus De Figueiredo , Silva Antônio Carlos da , Lima Pedro Luiz Terra
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509818456A Qualidade das Mudas Florestais produzidas em viveiros ESTÁ relacionada a Fatores Diversos, Entre enguias um Irrigação EO Utilizado pelo substrato. Ambos possuem uma finalidade Como Produção de mudas de Qualidade em hum Curto Período de tempo, mas um Irrigação em Excesso PODE Influenciar negativamente não Conteúdo de Nutrientes fazer pelo substrato. ASSIM, este Trabalho Teve Como Objetivo avaliar a Dinâmica das Características Químicas de hum pelo substrato florestal submetido a sucessivas irrigações em tanques de subirrigação em Dois Tamanhos de tubetes. Para tal, were colocados tubetes de 110 e 300 cm³ contendo pelo substrato florestal novo, sem a presence de mudas, em Dois tanques de subirrigação com recirculação, um parágrafo Cada TAMANHO de tubete, construidos de na Universidade Federal de Lavras. FOI UM Montado Delineamento Inteiramente casualizado COM DUAS repetições, Sendo OS níveis fazer treatment 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 e 30 irrigações, dia cinco POR. Como Características Químicas avaliadas fazer pelo substrato were: em pH Água, fósforo, Potássio, ferro, zinco, manganês, cobre, calcio, Magnésio, Alumínio, boro, Enxofre, CTC Efetiva, Matéria Orgânica e condutividade Elétrica. Adicionalmente, were coletadas, as antes das irrigações contabilizadas Como treatment, Amostras de agua para Verificação de Possíveis alterações na Qualidade da Água de Irrigação reciclada APOS como irrigações sucessivas. Como subirrigações proporcionaram alterações na Concentração de Potássio APENAS não pelo substrato em tubetes, AMBOS OS SENDO that a maioria das Características Químicas avaliadas nsa Substratos permaneceu inalterada em Função das subirrigações.
DEMANDA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS POR CARVÃO VEGETAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Heimann Jaqueline de Paula , Dresch Andre Ramos , Almeida Alexandre Nascimento
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509818463O objetivo do trabalho é identificar quais variáveis afetam a demanda dos Estados Unidos da América pelo carvão vegetal brasileiro e estimar as elasticidades das mesmas. O estudo utiliza o método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO), optando pela forma funcional logarítmica, pela simplicidade em obter as elasticidades, e adota o nível de significância de 5%. Os dados foram obtidos junto ao FAS e ao BEA em período trimestral e corrigidos pelo IPC dos EUA. O modelo ajustado, embora tenha apresentado um baixo coeficiente de determinação (R2), não apresentou maiores problemas estatísticos e econométricos. Os resultados indicaram que a demanda dos EUA por carvão brasileiro pode ser explicada pelas expectativas dos consumidores, preço do carvão brasileiro e pela renda norte-americana. Os preços de bens relacionados do México e da Argentina não foram significativos a 5% de probabilidade, indicando que o carvão desses países não são bons substitutos ao produto brasileiro.
BIOECOLOGIA DE Oncideres cervina (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) EM CANELA-GUAICÁ (Ocotea puberula: Lauraceae) NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Witeck Neto Leopoldo , Link Dionísio , Pasini Mauricio Paulo Batistella
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509818466O conhecimento da entomofauna dos ecossistemas florestais tem sua importância no que se refere aos danos provocados pelos seus diferentes segmentos. Estudou-se a bioecologia do serrador Oncideres cervina (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), em Ocotea puberula (Lauraceae), na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em 49 galhos cortados foram analisados a frequência de corte, o diâmetro de galhos no corte e secções, comprimento de galhos, frequência de incisões de postura, emergência de adultos, tamanho do orifício de saída, comprimento e volume da galeria larval desta espécie. O período de corte de galhos se estende de fevereiro a março e esta espécie se enquadra como cortadora de galhos grossos. O número de incisões de postura é variável, porém, a maior concentração é encontrada nas secções de 20 a 40 cm a partir do corte, com valor médio de 11 incisões. Duzentos adultos emergiram de 27 galhos, com pico de emergência na primeira quinzena de dezembro. Para completar o seu desenvolvimento, esta espécie requer menor volume de madeira se comparada a outras espécies de serrador.
FERTILIDADE DO SOLO E SUBSTÂNCIAS HÚMICAS EM ÁREA DE CAVA DE EXTRAÇÃO DE ARGILA REVEGETADA COM EUCALIPTO E LEGUMINOSAS NO NORTE FLUMINENSE
Authors: Silva Cristiane Figueira da , Loss Arcângelo , Carmo Élida Ribeiro do , Silva Eliane Maria Ribeiro da , Martins Marco Antônio
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509819606A revegetação de áreas de extração de argila com eucalipto e leguminosas pode favorecer a melhoria dos atributos químicos do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de plantios puros e consorciados de leguminosas e eucalipto na fertilidade do solo e nos teores de carbono orgânico total e das substâncias húmicas, em uma cava de extração de argila no Norte Fluminense. O solo original da área da cava em estudo é um Cambissolo Háplico Sódico gleico, no qual a camada superficial (espessura de 20 cm, aproximadamente), com maiores teores de matéria orgânica, foi retirada e devolvida ao fundo da cava após a extração da argila. A cava foi nivelada mecanicamente e mantida sob pousio durante dois anos. A revegetação foi realizada com as espécies Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Euc), Acacia mangium (Ac) e Sesbania virgata (Sesb), em plantios puros e consorciados. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos (plantios puros de Euc, Ac e Sesb; plantios consorciados de Euc + Ac, Euc + Sesb, Ac + Sesb; e área degradada com vegetação espontânea (ADVE)) e três repetições. Aos 48 meses após implantação dos sistemas foram coletadas amostras de solo na camada de 0,00 a 0,05 m, em que se avaliaram algumas variáveis da fertilidade do solo (pH em água, P, K+; Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Al+3, H+Al), carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio (N) e quantificado o carbono das substâncias húmicas em carbono da humina (C-HUM), carbono da fração ácido húmico (C-FAH) e ácido fúlvico (C-FAF). Observou-se que todos os plantios promoveram aumentos nos teores Ca, Mg, P, K, N, COT, C-HUM, C-FAH e C-FAF em relação à ADVE. A revegetação de áreas de cava de extração de argila no Norte Fluminense com plantios puros ou consorciados de eucalipto e leguminosas, acarreta em melhorias da fertilidade do solo e dos teores de carbono e nitrogênio totais do solo e do carbono das substâncias húmicas. Aos quatro anos após a revegetação, os sistemas mais indicados, de uma forma geral, para acarretar em aumentos dos teores de COT, N total, Mg, soma de bases e capacidade de troca catiônica, destaca-se o plantio de acácia, dentre os plantios puros, e o plantio de eucalipto + sesbânia, dentre os plantios consorciados. Além disso, o consórcio eucalipto + sesbânia, apresentou um dos maiores teores C da fração humina.
SOBREVIVÊNCIA, CRESCIMENTO E PRODUTIVIDADE DE PLANTAS DE ERVA-MATE PRODUZIDAS POR MINIESTACAS JUVENIS E POR SEMENTES
Authors: Santin Delmar , Wendling Ivar , Wendling Ivar , Benedetti Eliziane Luiza , Benedetti Eliziane Luiza , Morandi Divercindo , Morandi Divercindo , Domingos Danilo Martin , Domingos Danilo Martin
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509819608O estabelecimento de ervais com mudas propagadas por semente, sem critérios de seleção de matrizes, pode levar à baixa produtividade e qualidade do produto, sendo o uso de clones selecionados uma alternativa para superação deste problema. Com base nisso, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a sobrevivência, o crescimento e a produtividade da erva-mate em plantio estabelecido com mudas propagadas por miniestaquia e por semente. O experimento foi instalado com quatro tratamentos: testemunha (propagada por semente) e três procedências (Bituruna, Pinhalão e São Mateus do Sul) propagadas por miniestaquia em nível de progênies. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência durante 12 meses, o crescimento por 24 meses e a produtividade aos três e cinco anos pós-plantio. Os métodos de propagação e as procedências não influenciaram a sobrevivência, obtendo-se média de 90% nesta característica, 12 meses após o plantio. O crescimento em altura total e diâmetro do colo foi semelhante entre procedências ao longo de 24 meses, sendo apenas a procedência Bituruna significativamente inferior em altura. A produtividade da segunda colheita foi, em média, sete vezes maior que a primeira para todas as procedências. Na segunda colheita, as plantas propagadas por miniestaquia produziram mais que as propagadas por sementes. A produção de mudas de erva-mate por miniestaquia de propágulos juvenis demonstra ser adequada, pois proporcionou maior produtividade de erva-mate comercial, de folha e massa total. Ervais estabelecidos com mudas propagadas por esta tecnologia produzem mais folhas e galhos finos e menor quantidade de galhos grossos em relação às propagadas por semente.
MODELOS PREDICTIVOS DE BIOMASA AÉREA DE Eucalyptus grandis PARA EL NORESTE DE ARGENTINA
Authors: Winck Rosa Angela , Fassola Hugo Enrique , Barth Sara Regina , Crechi Ernesto Héctor , Keller Aldo Esteban , Videla Daniel , Zaderenko Constantino
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509819611Diferentes intereses industriales, energéticos y ambientales han motivado el análisis de las distintas posibilidades de aprovechamiento de la biomasa forestal, este tema está adquiriendo un creciente protagonismo, por lo que la cuantificación de la biomasa aérea de estos sistemas forestales constituye un primer paso fundamental e ineludible. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar modelos que permitan estimar la biomasa de los diferentes compartimentos aéreos de Eucalyptus grandis. Para ello se emplearon datos de 41 árboles provenientes de rodales de diferentes edades, entre 4 y 32 años, ubicados en la región NE de Argentina. Se tomaron 23 individuos ubicados en la Zona Norte y Alta de Misiones (zona 1) y 18 en el Sur de Misiones y NE de Corrientes (zona 2). Se determinó la biomasa de hojas, ramas menores a 5 cm, ramas mayores a 5 cm, total de ramas, fuste y biomasa total del árbol. Para el ajuste de modelos se tomaron diversas variables independientes, el diámetro a la altura de pecho (dap), la altura total del árbol (h), el producto (dap2*h) y la variable “dummy” (zona). Para el caso de la biomasa de ramas y de hojas, debido a que no se lograron resultados satisfactorios con el empleo de estas variables, se examinaron modelos que adicionaban índice de sitio, factor de espaciamiento, diámetro en la base de la copa verde (dbcv), altura hasta la base de la copa verde (hbcv), longitud de copa verde (lcv), el área transversal de albura en la base de copa verde (g Alb bcv) y diferentes combinaciones de estas variables. Los modelos fueron seleccionados en base al coeficiente de determinación y el error cuadrático medio. Para la biomasa de ramas menores a 5 cm, ramas mayores a 5 cm, total de ramas, fuste y total, los mejores modelos fueron los que incorporaron como variables regresoras, el diámetro a la altura de pecho, la altura total del árbol y la variable “dummy” (zona). Para la biomasa de hojas, las variables, edad, área basal y número de árboles por hectárea permitieron mejorar la estimación. Los coeficientes de determinación para los modelos de biomasa total y de fuste fueron de 0,99, para el total de ramas fue de 0,83, para ramas menores a 5 cm 0,69, para ramas mayores de 5 cm 0,53 y 0,65 para hojas. Se recomienda incrementar la base de datos a los efectos de intentar mejorar las predicciones de biomasa de hojas y ramas.
CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith EM SISTEMA AGROFLORESTAL NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pimentel João Vianey Fernandes , Guerra Hugo Orlando Carvallo
Published: March 2016

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509819681O cumaru (Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A. C. Smith) é uma espécie nativa do semiárido brasileiro que apresenta múltiplas utilidades como madeira de boa qualidade e contém princípio ativo que pode ser utilizado nas indústrias alimentícias, de perfume e na produção de medicamentos. É, também, planta forrageira e melífera. As respostas do cumaru à adubação orgânica e cobertura morta do solo, insumos oriundos e ciclados dentro do próprio agroecossistema, são ainda pouco conhecidas. Para isto, um experimento foi montado visando estudar o comportamento das mudas em um sistema agroflorestal (em consórcio com milho e feijão), testando-se diferentes níveis de matéria orgânica (0, 15 e 30 L de esterco na cova), com e sem cobertura morta no solo. Avaliou-se a altura de plantas, diâmetro caulinar, número de folhas, área foliar e sobrevivência das plantas no campo após um ano de plantio. O cumaru, no sistema agroflorestal estudado, mostrou-se indiferente ao uso de cobertura morta e adaptado às condições de baixa matéria orgânica no solo, obtendo-se o maior crescimento na ausência de matéria orgânica (esterco).
Research Committee: Positioning Mathematics Education Researchers to Influence Storylines
Authors: Herbel-Eisenmann Beth , Sinclair Nathalie , Chval Kathryn B. , Clements Douglas H. , Civil Marta , Pape Stephen J. , Stephan Michelle , Wanko Jeffrey J. , Wilkerson Trena L.
Published: March 2016

In this commentary, we identify key influences on mathematics education that are largely outside the domain of the academic world in which most mathematics education researchers live. The groups that we identify–including the media, companies and foundations, and other academic domains–affect the public's perception of mathematics and mathematics education. Identifying this set of influences in particular is important because these groups often shape policymakers' viewpoints and decisions, but there is not always agreement between mathematics education researchers and these groups about the ways in which mathematics and mathematics education are framed. Whenever a conflict is brought to the foreground, it can be difficult to raise issues without appearing defensive or sounding querulous. It is helpful, then, to bring to bear a theory that can help us interpret this reality (Mewborn, 2005); theories can provide a way to encode, read, and examine a problem as well as offer insights into the design of new practices (Silver & Herbst, 2007). In this case, we use positioning theory to examine potential conflicts between mathematics education researchers and other groups because it offers interesting interpretive insights into the phenomenon and because it can lead to potential strategies for working toward different positionings for mathematics education researchers. We begin by explaining relevant ideas from positioning theory, including storylines, positions, and communication actions. We then use these ideas to highlight current storylines underlying communication by the abovementioned groups about mathematics and mathematics education and trace some of their historical and contextual roots. We argue that mathematics education researchers can intervene to shift these storylines and positionings and to have greater impact on policy, practice, and public perception in the future. Finally, we end by offering specific suggestions for beginning this work.
Brief Report: The Instructor Experience of Fully Online Tertiary Mathematics: A Challenge and an Opportunity
Authors: Trenholm Sven , Alcock Lara , Robinson Carol
Published: March 2016

As part of a dramatic recent shift in tertiary education, many undergraduate students now learn mathematics via fully online courses. At present, the mathematics education research community knows very little about this shift, and in this report, we consider implications of an investigation into the instructor experience of fully online undergraduate mathematics courses. To compare instructor experiences of fully online and face-to-face teaching, we explored assessment schemes, feedback processes, and approaches to teaching using a survey and semistructured interviews. The main emergent theme was instructor concern about the loss of short-cycle face-to-face human interaction. We argue that this concern is serious but should be seen as an opportunity for education researchers to leverage knowledge about effective mathematics teaching to simultaneously alleviate instructors' difficulties and promote and study pedagogical development.
An AP Calculus Classroom Amusement Park
Authors: Ferguson Sarah
Published: March 2016

In an end-of-the-year AP Calculus project, students create an amusement park ride and explore the applications to calculus concepts.
What Is My Carbon Footprint?
Authors: Galluzzo Benjamin J. , McGivney-Burelle Jean , Wagstrom Rikki B.
Published: March 2016

A classroom-tested activity uses authentic, diet-related data to focus on sustainability.
Optical Response and Photovoltaic Performance of Organic Solar Cells Based on DH6T:Alq3 Active Layer
Authors: Muhammad Fahmi Fariq , Muhammad Abdulkader Jaleel , Sulaiman Khaulah
Published: March 2016

This research work reports on the optical and photovoltaic performance of dihexyl-sexithiophene (DH6T) doped with various molar percentages of tris-8-hydroxyquinolinate aluminium (Alq3) dissolved in chloroform/hexane co-solvent. Films of DH6T(1-x)Alq3(x) composite have been produced by casting technique aiming at investigating their absorption edge energies (Eabs) and hence identifying the optimum content of Alq3. It was found that by introducing a controlled amount of Alq3, the value of Eabs can be tuned from 2.69 eV to 1.76 eV. An empirical equation was derived to fit the obtained experimental data, by which an optimum Eabs at molar concentration of (x ≈ 25%) was predicted. Finally, organic solar cells based on the optimum active layer content were fabricated and tested. Comparably, it was observed that the photovoltaic performance of the DH6T:Alq3 based devices is much better than that achieved for the DH6T:PCBM based ones. Efficiency and fill factor for the devices based on DH6T(0.75)Alq3(0.25) active layer were found to be 0.22% and 26.5%, respectively, while those for DH6T:PCBM based devices were about 0.01% and 24%, respectively.
Effect of Nano Surface Topography on Electrical Properties of Lead Sulfide (PbS) Films Deposited on Polymer Substrate
Authors: Faraj Mohammad Ghaffar
Published: March 2016

Lead sulfide (PbS) films were deposited on polymide (PI) plastic substrate chemical spray pyrolysis technique at substrate temperature in the range 250-350 oC. Effects of substrate temperature on the electrical properties of the films were studied. In addition, the effect of nano surface topography on electrical properties of PbS films was studied. The deposited films were analyzed with atomic force microscope and Hall measurements to determine their electrical characteristics. AFM data shows that the root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of the PbS film increases with increasing substrate temperature. At room temperature, electrical resistivity of the PbS films varies from 9.54x103 to 1.14x103 Ω.cm, respectively.
Registered report: Coding-independent regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by competing endogenous mRNAs
Authors: Phelps Mitch , Coss Chris , Wang Hongyan , Cook Matthew ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
Published: March 2016

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replications of selected experiments from a number of high-profile papers in the field of cancer biology. The papers, which were published between 2010 and 2012, were selected on the basis of citations and Altmetric scores (Errington et al., 2014). This Registered Report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from “Coding-Independent Regulation of the Tumor Suppressor PTEN by Competing Endogenous 'mRNAs' by Tay and colleagues, published in Cell in 2011 (Tay et al., 2011). The experiments to be replicated are those reported in Figures 3C, 3D, 3G, 3H, 5A and 5B, and in Supplemental Figures 3A and B. Tay and colleagues proposed a new regulatory mechanism based on competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which regulate target genes by competitive binding of shared microRNAs. They test their model by identifying and confirming ceRNAs that target PTEN. In Figure 3A and B, they report that perturbing expression of putative PTEN ceRNAs affects expression of PTEN. This effect is dependent on functional microRNA machinery (Figure 3G and H), and affects the pathway downstream of PTEN itself (Figures 5A and B). The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is a collaboration between the Center for Open Science and Science Exchange, and the results of the replications will be published by eLife.
Recovery From Chronic Low Back Pain After Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Licciardone John C. , Gatchel Robert J. , Aryal Subhash
Published: March 2016

Context: Little is known about recovery after spinal manipulation in patients with low back pain (LBP).

Objective: To assess recovery from chronic LBP after a short regimen of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in a responder analysis of the OSTEOPAThic Health outcomes In Chronic low back pain (OSTEOPATHIC) Trial.

Methods: A randomized double-blind, sham-controlled trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of 6 OMT sessions over 8 weeks. Recovery was assessed at week 12 using a composite measure of pain recovery (10 mm or less on a 100-mm visual analog scale) and functional recovery (2 or less on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for back-specific functioning). The RRs and numbers-needed-to-treat (NNTs) for recovery with OMT were measured, and corresponding cumulative distribution functions were plotted according to baseline LBP intensity and back-specific functioning. Multiple logistic regression was used to compute the OR for recovery with OMT while simultaneously controlling for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses were performed to corroborate the primary results.

Results: There were 345 patients who met neither of the recovery criteria at baseline in the primary analyses and 433 patients who met neither or only 1 of these criteria in the sensitivity analyses. There was a large treatment effect for recovery with OMT (RR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.31-4.24; P=.003), which was associated with a clinically relevant NNT (8.9; 95% CI, 5.4-25.5). This significant finding persisted after adjustment for potential confounders (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.43-5.97; P=.003). There was also a significant interaction effect between OMT and comorbid depression (P=.02), indicating that patients without depression were more likely to recover from chronic LBP with OMT (RR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.59-6.50; P<.001) (NNT, 6.5; 95% CI, 4.2-14.5). The cumulative distribution functions demonstrated optimal RR and NNT responses in patients with moderate to severe levels of LBP intensity and back-specific dysfunction at baseline. Similar results were observed in the sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions: The OMT regimen was associated with significant and clinically relevant measures for recovery from chronic LBP. A trial of OMT may be useful before progressing to other more costly or invasive interventions in the medical management of patients with chronic LBP. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00315120)
The Glymphatic-Lymphatic Continuum: Opportunities for Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
Authors: Hitscherich Kyle , Smith Kyle , Cuoco Joshua A. , Ruvolo Kathryn E. , Mancini Jayme D. , Leheste Joerg R. , Torres German
Published: March 2016

The brain has long been thought to lack a lymphatic drainage system. Recent studies, however, show the presence of a brain-wide paravascular system appropriately named the glymphatic system based on its similarity to the lymphatic system in function and its dependence on astroglial water flux. Besides the clearance of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid, the glymphatic system also facilitates the clearance of interstitial solutes such as amyloid-β and tau from the brain. As cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid are cleared through the glymphatic system, eventually draining into the lymphatic vessels of the neck, this continuous fluid circuit offers a paradigm shift in osteopathic manipulative medicine. For instance, manipulation of the glymphatic-lymphatic continuum could be used to promote experimental initiatives for nonpharmacologic, noninvasive management of neurologic disorders. In the present review, the authors describe what is known about the glymphatic system and identify several osteopathic experimental strategies rooted in a mechanistic understanding of the glymphatic-lymphatic continuum.
Atomic-scale investigation of structural defects in GaN layer on c-plane sapphire substrate during initial growth stage
Authors: Matsubara Tohoru , Sugimoto Kohei , Okada Narihito , Tadatomo Kazuyuki
Published: March 2016

Structural defects in the initial growth stages of GaN on sapphire, including stacking faults (SFs), threading dislocations (TDs), and mosaic structure containing grain boundaries, are investigated at the atomic scale. Individual grains in the as-deposited low temperature-GaN buffer layer are found to have twists correlated with those of the adjacent grains. These grains have little similarity on the stacking sequences, and the atomic arrangement on each side of the grain boundaries may be rearranged by annealing to achieve higher similarity in the stacking sequence. The TD identified as a-type at the top of the SFs-rich interfacial region is thought to originate from Frank partial dislocations. The Frank partial dislocation produces a distorted wurtzite-type structure. At the intermediate region of the basal-plane stacking fault between Frank and Shockley partial dislocations, the TD relieves the distortion in the wurtzite-type structure. In the TD, the wurtzite structure slips relative to the surrounding wurtzite.
Impact of extension implantation conditions of fin field-effect transistors on gate-induced drain leakage
Authors: Matsukawa Takashi , Liu Yongxun , Mori Takahiro , Morita Yukinori , O’uchi Shinichi , Otsuka Shintaro , Migita Shinji , Masahara Meishoku
Published: March 2016

The influence of the extension doping conditions on gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) has been investigated to optimize fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) for ultralow-power (ULP) applications. An increased GIDL for a smaller fin thickness and a dependence on the implanted ion species, i.e., a larger GIDL for As than for P, are recognized. These results suggest that the residual defects due to extension doping increase the GIDL, and the suppression of the defects by the optimization of the doping process is the key to the optimization of FinFETs for ULP applications.
Recognizing Research Competence and Interest as Basis for Faculty Development Initiatives
Authors: Alumbro Edita C. , Cuadra Lijueraj J. , Sapan Mary Jean M.
Published: March 2016

University faculty members were the primary actors in the research production system. The study aimed to ascertain the level of competence of the College of Education (CE) faculty members in conducting research activities. The data were gathered through survey questionnaires and coded in Microsoft Excel. Frequencies and percentages were used in interpreting the data collected. It was revealed that most faculty members were either college or master's degree holders. Majority of them have not conducted research studies in the last 15 years. Most faculty members carried 21-25 units per semester teaching load. The study concludes that they indicated a fair level of competence in conducting research. Their interest towards research activities exhibited a fair interest which was a positive attitude. They have also indicated high interest in professional development activities, yet they signified a relatively low interest in conducting research without funds and/ or research assistant. Overloaded-teaching units deprived them to their research responsibilities. Therefore, VSU should implement the 15-units-per-semester maximum teaching load. Moreover, faculty members must be encouraged to pursue advanced education. The level of competence in conducting research could be improved if appropriate qualifications and funds were met.
Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology Cottage Rental Billing and Collection System (ASIST-CREBACS
Authors: Trinidad Jr. Joventino T.
Published: March 2016

In most organizations, Business Information Systems (BIS) make extensive use of information technology, such as personal computers. The study identified the ASIST cottage rental policies and procedures done in billing and collection of rental fees as a basis in developing the ASIST-CREBACS and evaluated the usability of the developed system in terms of usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction. The study used the descriptive-applied type of research applying the Extreme Programming (XP) model. The researcher used Visual Basic 2008 which supports the Microsoft with NET framework as the programming language and My Standard Query Language (MySQL) as the relational database. Total enumeration of eight staff in the Cashiering and Accounting Offices including the cashier, the accountant, three collecting officers, and three billing clerks evaluated the usability of the developed system. The study used documentary analysis, interview, and the Usefulness, Satisfaction and Ease of Use (USE) questionnaire as data gathering instruments. The cottage rental policies are based on ASIST Implementing Order No. 023, Series of 2009 and the procedures done in billing and collection of rental fees are done semi- manually. Â As a result, the ASIST-CREBACS was conceived and developed. The ASIST-CREBACS was designed to fit the cottage rental policies and procedures done in billing and collection of rental fees because it was found to be usable.
A design and focus group evaluation of dietary choices tools for an underserved population
Authors: McMorris Tressa , Sweet Gary , Sullivan Christopher J. , Washington Nicole B. , Brahm Nancy
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Our objective was to develop and evaluate dietary teaching tools for a select population diagnosed with a severe mental illness and limited financial ability. Patients with severe mental illnesses face many challenges, including common health comorbidities of diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity. Cognitive deficits may limit educational programming; financial resources can affect access to a healthy diet. The Integrated Multidisciplinary Program of Assertive Community Treatment (IMPACT) program, a university-based program, provides individualized services to this population. One focus is healthy nutritional choices.

Methods: In Phase One, a clinical pharmacist and a first-year pharmacy resident created visual aids. These cards were given to health care providers (HCPs) to be used with IMPACT members. HCPs were asked to participate in a focus group and provide feedback. Phase Two: Based on specific focus group feedback, additional resources were created to address identified nutritional needs.

Results: Phase One: Ten cards were created and distributed to the HCPs. A focus group was conducted. HCPs reported the cards were useful in opening dietary choices dialogues and were able to give more specific information on alternative choices. Phase Two: From focus group feedback, specific cards for disease states, calorie guidelines, and budget limitations were developed. HCPs immediately utilized them.

Discussion: This pilot project was used to design and create educational cards to facilitate discussions on healthy or healthier dietary choices. Feedback from the HCPs participating in the focus group was positive, and they were enthusiastic about both sets of cards, particularly those pertaining to budget choices.
Suicide prevention in pharmaceutical education: Raising awareness with inspiring stories
Authors: Vincent Philippe D. , David Pierre-Marie
Published: March 2016

Suicide rates are high in high-income countries like Canada and the United States, where 10 to 12 people per 100 000 commit suicide every year. In the United States, in 2011 there were 73.3 emergency room visits per 100 000 people for suicide attempts with prescription drugs. The latter were also involved in 13% of completed suicides between 1999 and 2013. In most cases, these drugs were distributed by members of our profession who could not predict this outcome. This led us to create an initiative to teach pharmacy students how to prevent suicide. A literature review and online search were performed to find documentation about pharmacists' commitment to the cause, but very little information exists. Thus, a training session was developed for third-year pharmacy students that includes basic statistics, arguments for involving pharmacists in suicide prevention, role-playing, tools to evaluate suicide risk, thoughtful verbatims of interview techniques, and case studies. It is delivered during the mental health theme of the psychiatry course. In 5 years, around 1150 students have participated in the course, of whom approximately 950 are now practicing pharmacists. This intervention may have prevented some suicides, although the impact is impossible to measure. The objective of this paper is to describe the creative process of designing a suicide prevention training session for pharmacy students, while inspiring a mental health sensitive readership to this noble cause. This article does not provide guidelines on how to replicate this initiative, nor does this article replace proper training on suicide prevention.
Dialectical behavior therapy as treatment for borderline personality disorder
Authors: May Jennifer M , Richardi Toni M , Barth Kelly S
Published: March 2016

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a structured outpatient treatment developed by Dr Marsha Linehan for the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Dialectical behavior therapy is based on cognitive-behavioral principles and is currently the only empirically supported treatment for BPD. Randomized controlled trials have shown the efficacy of DBT not only in BPD but also in other psychiatric disorders, such as substance use disorders, mood disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and eating disorders. Traditional DBT is structured into 4 components, including skills training group, individual psychotherapy, telephone consultation, and therapist consultation team. These components work together to teach behavioral skills that target common symptoms of BPD, including an unstable sense of self, chaotic relationships, fear of abandonment, emotional lability, and impulsivity such as self-injurious behaviors. The skills include mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance. Given the often comorbid psychiatric symptoms with BPD in patients participating in DBT, psychopharmacologic interventions are oftentimes considered appropriate adjunctive care. This article aims to outline the basic principles of DBT as well as comment on the role of pharmacotherapy as adjunctive treatment for the symptoms of BPD.
A consumer-led intervention to improve pharmacists' attitudes toward mental illness
Authors: Rickles Nathaniel M. , DaCosta Alison
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Individuals with a severe and persistent mental illness often manage complex medication regimens and would benefit from support and education from their pharmacist. Past research has shown that community pharmacists have negative attitudes toward mental illnesses, and these attitudes affect willingness to provide services to patients with mental illnesses. Consumer-led interventions have shown benefit to improve student attitudes toward mental illness. However, there are no known studies showing the benefit of consumer-led educational programs to improve pharmacist attitudes toward mental illness and willingness to provide services to those with mental illnesses. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a consumer-led continuing education program on pharmacists' attitudes toward and willingness to provide services to consumers with mental illnesses.

Methods: Fifty pharmacists participated in the program with 2 parts: discussion on the history of mental health care and consumers sharing their experiences. Pharmacists completed 1 survey before and after the program. Surveys asked about pharmacists' attitudes toward mental illness and willingness to provide services to individuals with schizophrenia compared to asthma. Data were analyzed using descriptive and paired t tests.

Results: Paired t tests showed a significant decrease in social distance and increase in positive attitudes and willingness to provide services to patients with mental illnesses immediately after the program.

Discussion: The immediate increase in positive attitudes and willingness to provide services to consumers with mental illnesses indicates that consumer-led interventions may be an effective way to improve the provision of pharmacy services to patients with mental illnesses.
Negatively‐charged residues in the polar carboxy‐terminal region in FSP27 are indispensable for expanding lipid droplets
Authors: Tamori Yoshikazu , Tateya Sanshiro , Ijuin Takeshi , Nishimoto Yuki , Nakajima Shinsuke , Ogawa Wataru
Published: February 2016

FSP27 has an important role in large lipid droplet (LD) formation because it exchanges lipids at the contact site between LDs. In the present study, we clarify that the amino‐terminal domain of FSP27 (amino acids 1–130) is dispensable for LD enlargement, although it accelerates LD growth. LD expansion depends on the carboxy‐terminal domain of FSP27 (amino acids 131–239). Especially, the negative charge of the acidic residues (D215, E218, E219 and E220) in the polar carboxy‐terminal region (amino acids 202–239) is essential for the enlargement of LD. We propose that the carboxy‐terminal domain of FSP27 has a crucial role in LD expansion, whereas the amino‐terminal domain only has a supportive role.
Protein–lipid interactions critical to replication of the influenza A virus
Authors: Chlanda Petr , Zimmerberg Joshua
Published: February 2016

Influenza A virus (IAV) assembles on the plasma membrane where viral proteins localize to form a bud encompassing the viral genome, which ultimately pinches off to give rise to newly formed infectious virions. Upon entry, the virus faces the opposite task—fusion with the endosomal membrane and disassembly to deliver the viral genome to the cytoplasm. There are at least four influenza proteins—hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), matrix 1 protein (M1), and the M2 ion channel—that are known to directly interact with the cellular membrane and modify membrane curvature in order to both assemble and disassemble membrane‐enveloped virions. Here, we summarize and discuss current knowledge of the interactions of lipids and membrane proteins involved in the IAV replication cycle.
Caspase‐dependent cleavage regulates protein levels of Epstein–Barr virus‐derived latent membrane protein 1
Authors: Togi Sumihito , Hatano Yosuke , Muromoto Ryuta , Kawanishi Eri , Ikeda Osamu , Hirashima Koki , Kon Shigeyuki , Kitai Yuichi , Yasui Teruhito , Oritani Kenji , Matsuda Tadashi
Published: February 2016

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP1) plays pathogenic roles in EBV‐related diseases. Thus, host cells employ several mechanisms to regulate LMP1 functions, and we previously reported possible regulation by signal transducing adaptor protein‐2 as well as BS69. Here, we found that caspase‐3 mainly degraded LMP1 proteins in HeLa cells, leading to decreased NF‐κB and STAT3 activation. Caspase‐3 cleaved the consensus DNTD sequences in the CTAR3 region of LMP1. Of importance, LMP1 expression strongly enhanced caspase‐3 activity. Taken together, the reduction of LMP1 protein levels by caspases is likely to be a newly identified host defense against EBV infection.
Linking fossil reefs with earthquakes: Geologic insight to where induced seismicity occurs in Alberta
Authors: Schultz Ryan , Corlett Hilary , Haug Kristine , Kocon Ken , MacCormack Kelsey , Stern Virginia , Shipman Todd
Published: February 2016

Recently, a significant increase in North American, midcontinent earthquakes has been associated with contemporaneous development of petroleum resources. Despite the proliferation of drilling throughout sedimentary basins worldwide, earthquakes are only induced at a small fraction of wells. In this study, we focus on cases of induced seismicity where high‐resolution data are available in the central Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Our regional comparison of induced earthquake depths suggests basement‐controlled tectonics. Complementary to these findings, hypocenters of induced seismicity clusters coincide with the margins of Devonian carbonate reefs. We interpret this spatial correspondence as the result of geographically biased activation potential, possibly as a consequence of reef nucleation preference to paleobathymetric highs associated with Precambrian basement tectonics. This finding demonstrates the importance of geologic/tectonic factors to earthquake induction, in addition to industrial operational parameters. In fact, the observation of induced seismicity silhouetting deep fossil reef systems may be a useful tool to identify future regions with increased seismogenic potential.
Spectral signatures of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator to be observed by low‐Earth orbit satellite
Authors: Surkov V. V. , Pilipenko V. A.
Published: February 2016

Interference of an incident and reflected Alfvén pulses propagating inside the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) is studied on the basis of a simple one‐dimensional model. Particular emphasis has been placed on the analysis of spectral features of ultralow frequency (∼1–15 Hz) electric perturbations recently observed by Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite. This “fingerprint” multiband spectral structure was observed when satellite descended in the terminator vicinity. Among factors affecting spectral structure the satellite position and distance from the IAR boundaries are most significant. It is concluded that the observed spectrograms exhibit modulation with “period” depending on propagation delay time of reflected Alfvén pulses in such a way that this effect can mask a spectral resonance structure resulted from excitation of IAR eigenmodes. The proposed interference effect is capable to produce a spectral pattern resembling a fingerprint which is compatible with the satellite observations.