bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Getting to the Bottom of Cenozoic Deep-Ocean Temperatures
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: December 2024

Reconstructing past ocean conditions with oxygen isotopes could provide more information about how Earth’s climate evolved over time, but methods for reconstructing these data can yield varying results.
Understanding Tidal Jet Vortices Over Complex Bathymetry via Numerical Modeling and Drone Observation: Match and Mismatch in the Vortex Dynamics Under Idealized and Realistic Topographic Settings
Authors: Hwang Sooncheol , Na Byoungjoon , Son Sangyoung
Published: December 2024

The formation and evolution of tidal jet vortices over complex bathymetry were investigated using numerical modeling and in situ observation. Delft3D FM simulation on an unstructured grid system, complemented by field measurements using recreational drones captured tidal dynamics in the Uldolmok Strait, known for its strong tidal currents up to 6.0 m/s and turbulent whirlpool formation. This study particularly focused on temporal changes in whirlpools near their narrowest points. Modeling across the entire strait showed current velocity fields consistent with field observations, revealing significant temporal and spatial variability influenced by strait geometry and bathymetry. Whirlpools induced by tides were identified by setting a swirl strength threshold, with their centroids and equivalent spherical diameters pinpointed. It was observed that larger whirlpools, upon reaching critical size, were entrained and shifted with the tidal jet at about half its maximum velocity, while smaller vortices separated from the nearshore boundary layer remained nearly stationary. Focusing on the initiation of whirlpools and their relations with the coastline and bathymetry, a targeted field survey using a recreational drone measured surface flow fields in detail near the strait's narrowing region. During the ebb phase, shallow regions exhibited numerous smaller eddies due to increased energy dissipation, showing a dual power‐law scaling in the size distribution of eddies, contrasting with the single scaling exponent observed during the flood phase. The study underscored the role of coastline and bathymetry in developing whirlpools and shaping their dynamics, providing insights into complex tidal interactions in the natural coast.
Reservoir Regulation Changed Terrestrial Particulate Organic Carbon Transport and Burial Processes off the Yellow River Mouth
Authors: Xu Jinya , Wang Houjie , Wu Xiao , Cong Shuai , Lu Taian , Jiang Li , Hu Limin , Bi Naishuang
Published: December 2024

The dynamic behavior of particulate organic carbon (POC) is crucial for understanding biogeochemical carbon cycling in coastal and oceanic environments. However, intense watershed human activities have significantly altered the POC transport and burial in the estuary‐coast continuum. Here, we developed a novel parameterization scheme that incorporates grain‐size constraints to investigate the dispersal and accumulation processes of POC off the Yellow River mouth during the water‐sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) using a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model (FVCOM). The result shows that the model successfully captures the offshore transport and hydrodynamic sorting of POC, which leads to a progressive increase in POC content with offshore dispersion and significant variations in POC and sediment deposition across different isobaths. Rapid fluctuations in river discharge and sediment composition during WSRS stages result in noticeable differences in sedimentation patterns for sediment and POC. At the Water‐regulation stage, distinct differences are observed in the distribution of riverine POC and sediment across various isobaths. In contrast, during the Sediment‐regulation stage, these differences are significantly reduced due to the finer riverine sediment. Compared to the sediment‐regulation, the Water‐regulation plays a crucial role in enhancing the effective burial of POC. Coarse‐grained sediment can form an armored layer that protects OC from disturbance. Additionally, increased runoff during this stage promotes the offshore transport of POC to a less energetic environment (>10 m in depth). This study provides valuable insights into POC dynamics in high‐turbidity estuarine and coastal environments. It underscores the importance of employing comprehensive modeling approaches to elucidate these complex processes.
HRK downregulation and augmented BCL-xL binding to BAK confer apoptotic protection to therapy-induced senescent melanoma cells
Authors: Alcon Clara , Kovatcheva Marta , Morales-Sánchez Paula , López-Polo Vanessa , Torres Teresa , Puig Susana , Lu Albert , Samitier Josep , Enrich Carlos , Serrano Manuel , Montero Joan
Published: December 2024

Senescent cells are commonly detected in tumors after chemo and radiotherapy, leading to a characteristic cellular phenotype that resists apoptotic cell death. In this study, we used multiple melanoma cell lines, molecular markers, and therapies to investigate the key role of the BCL-2 family proteins in the survival of senescent cells. We first used BH3 profiling to assess changes in apoptotic priming upon senescence induction. Unexpectedly, not all cell types analyzed showed a decrease in apoptotic priming, BIM was downregulated, there was variability in BAX expression and BAK remained constant or increased. Therefore, there was not a clear pattern for pro-survival adaptation. Many studies have been devoted to find ways to eliminate senescent cells, leading to one of the most studied senolytic agents: navitoclax, a promiscuous BH3 mimetic that inhibits BCL-2, BCL-xL and BCL-W. While it is known that the BCL-2 family of proteins is commonly upregulated in senescent cells, the complexity of the apoptotic network has not been fully explored. Interestingly, we found distinct protein expression changes always leading to a BCL-xL mediated pro-survival adaptation, as assessed by BH3 profiling. When analyzing potential therapeutic strategies, we observed a stronger senolytic activity in these melanoma cell lines when specifically targeting BCL-xL using A-1331852, navitoclax or the PROTAC BCL-xL degrader DT2216. We found that the sensitizer protein HRK was systematically downregulated when senescence was induced, leading to an increased availability of BCL-xL. Furthermore, we identified that the main apoptotic inhibition was shaped by BCL-xL and BAK binding increase that prevented mitochondrial permeabilization and apoptosis. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the molecular basis for BCL-xL anti-apoptotic adaptation in senescence is described, paving the way for the development of new molecules that either prevent HRK downregulation or displace BCL-xL binding to BAK to be used as senolytics.
TIP60 enhances cisplatin resistance via regulating ΔNp63α acetylation in SCC
Authors: Hira Akshay , Zhang Jin , Kadakia Madhavi P.
Published: December 2024

Non-melanoma skin cancer, including basal and squamous cell carcinoma, is the most common form of cancer worldwide, with approximately 5.4 million new cases diagnosed each year in the United States. While the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin is often used to treat squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, low response rates and disease recurrence are common. In this study, we show that TIP60 and ΔNp63α levels correlate with cisplatin resistance in SCC cell lines, suggesting that TIP60 contributes to the failure of platinum-based drugs in SCC by regulating the stability and transcriptional activity of ΔNp63α. Depletion of endogenous TIP60 or pharmacological inhibition of TIP60 led to a decrease in ΔNp63α protein and acetylation levels in multiple SCC cell lines. We showed that TIP60 upregulates ΔNp63α protein levels in cisplatin-resistant SCC cell lines by protecting it from cisplatin-mediated degradation and increasing its protein stability. Stable expression of TIP60 or ΔNp63α individually promoted resistance to cisplatin and reduced cell death, while loss of either TIP60 or ΔNp63α induced G2/M arrest, increased cell death, and sensitized cells to cisplatin. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of TIP60 reduced acetylation of ΔNp63α and sensitized resistant cells to cisplatin. Taken together, our study indicates that TIP60-mediated stabilization of ΔNp63α increases cisplatin resistance and provides critical insights into the mechanisms by which ΔNp63α confers cisplatin resistance by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, our data suggests that inhibition of TIP60 may be therapeutically advantageous in overcoming cisplatin resistance in SCC and other epithelial cancers.
Detecting global and local hierarchical structures in cell-cell communication using CrossChat
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Almet Axel A. , Nie Qing
Published: December 2024

Cell-cell communication (CCC) occurs across different biological scales, ranging from interactions between large groups of cells to interactions between individual cells, forming a hierarchical structure. Globally, CCC may exist between clusters or only subgroups of a cluster with varying size, while locally, a group of cells as sender or receiver may exhibit distinct signaling properties. Current existing methods infer CCC from single-cell RNA-seq or Spatial Transcriptomics only between predefined cell groups, neglecting the existing hierarchical structure within CCC that are determined by signaling molecules, in particular, ligands and receptors. Here, we develop CrossChat, a novel computational framework designed to infer and analyze the hierarchical cell-cell communication structures using two complementary approaches: a global hierarchical structure using a multi-resolution clustering method, and multiple local hierarchical structures using a tree detection method. This framework provides a comprehensive approach to understand the hierarchical relationships within CCC that govern complex tissue functions. By applying our method to two nonspatial scRNA-seq datasets sampled from COVID-19 patients and mouse embryonic skin, and two spatial transcriptomics datasets generated from Stereo-seq of mouse embryo and 10x Visium of mouse wounded skin, we showcase CrossChat’s functionalities for analyzing both global and local hierarchical structures within cell-cell communication.
3D variability analysis reveals a hidden conformational change controlling ammonia transport in human asparagine synthetase
Authors: Coricello Adriana , Nardone Alanya J. , Lupia Antonio , Gratteri Carmen , Vos Matthijn , Chaptal Vincent , Alcaro Stefano , Zhu Wen , Takagi Yuichiro , Richards Nigel G. J.
Published: December 2024

Advances in X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) offer the promise of elucidating functionally relevant conformational changes that are not easily studied by other biophysical methods. Here we show that 3D variability analysis (3DVA) of the cryo-EM map for wild-type (WT) human asparagine synthetase (ASNS) identifies a functional role for the Arg-142 side chain and test this hypothesis experimentally by characterizing the R142I variant in which Arg-142 is replaced by isoleucine. Support for Arg-142 playing a role in the intramolecular translocation of ammonia between the active site of the enzyme is provided by the glutamine-dependent synthetase activity of the R142 variant relative to WT ASNS, and MD simulations provide a possible molecular mechanism for these findings. Combining 3DVA with MD simulations is a generally applicable approach to generate testable hypotheses of how conformational changes in buried side chains might regulate function in enzymes.
Tunnelling escape of waves
Authors: Miller David A. B. , Kuang Zeyu , Miller Owen D.
Published: December 2024

Applications of waves in communications, information processing and sensing need a clear understanding of how many strongly coupled channels or degrees of freedom exist in and out of volumes of space and how the coupling falls off for larger numbers. Numerical results are possible, and some heuristics exist, but there has been no simple physical picture and explanation for arbitrary volumes. By considering waves from a bounding spherical volume, we show a clear onset of a tunnelling escape of waves that both defines a limiting number of well-coupled channels for any volume and explains the subsequent rapid fall-off of coupling strengths. The approach works over all size scales, from nanophotonics and small radiofrequency antennas up to imaging optics. It gives a unified view from the multipole expansions common for antennas and small objects to the limiting plane and evanescent waves of large optics, showing that all such waves can escape to propagation to some degree, by tunnelling if necessary, and gives a precise diffraction limit.
Zebrafish model for functional screening of flow-responsive genes controlling endothelial cell proliferation
Authors: Bowley George , Irving Sophie , Hoefer Imo , Wilkinson Robert , Pasterkamp Gerard , Darwish Hazem M. S. , White Stephen , Francis Sheila E. , Chico Tim , Noel Emily , Serbanovic-Canic Jovana , Evans Paul C.
Published: December 2024

Local haemodynamics control arterial homeostasis and dysfunction by generating wall shear stress (WSS) which regulates endothelial cell (EC) physiology. Here we use a zebrafish model to identify genes that regulate EC proliferation in response to flow. Suppression of blood flow in zebrafish embryos (by targeting cardiac troponin) reduced EC proliferation in the intersegmental vessels (ISVs) compared to controls exposed to flow. The expression of candidate regulators of proliferation was analysed in EC isolated from zebrafish embryos by qRT-PCR. Genes shown to be expressed in EC were analysed for the ability to regulate proliferation in zebrafish vasculature exposed to flow or no-flow conditions using a knockdown approach. wnk1 negatively regulated proliferation in no-flow conditions, whereas fzd5, gsk3β, trpm7 and bmp2a promoted proliferation in EC exposed to flow. Immunofluorescent staining of mammalian arteries revealed that WNK1 is expressed at sites of low WSS in the murine aorta, and in EC overlying human atherosclerotic plaques. We conclude that WNK1 is expressed in EC at sites of low WSS and in diseased arteries and may influence vascular homeostasis by reducing EC proliferation.
Memory reactivation generates new, adaptive behaviours that reach beyond direct experience
Authors: Rawson Annalise B. , Nalluru Sumedha , O’Reilly Jill X. , Barron Helen C.
Published: December 2024

Periods of rest and sleep help us find hidden solutions to new problems and infer unobserved relationships between discrete events. However, the mechanisms that formulate these new, adaptive behavioural strategies remain unclear. One possibility is that memory reactivation during periods of rest and sleep has the capacity to generate new knowledge that extends beyond direct experience. Here, we test this hypothesis using a pre-registered study design that includes a rich behavioural paradigm in humans. We use contextual Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) to causally manipulate memory reactivation during awake rest. We demonstrate that TMR during rest enhances performance on associative memory tests, with improved discovery of new, non-directly trained associations, and no change observed for directly trained associations. Our findings suggest that memory reactivation during awake rest plays a critical role in extracting new, unobserved associations to support adaptive behavioural strategies such as inference.
Dynamic changes in human brain connectivity following ultrasound neuromodulation
Authors: Atkinson-Clement Cyril , Alkhawashki Mohammad , Gatica Marilyn , Ross James , Kaiser Marcus
Published: December 2024

Non-invasive neuromodulation represents a major opportunity for brain interventions, and transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is one of the most promising approaches. However, some challenges prevent the community from fully understanding its outcomes. We aimed to address one of them and unravel the temporal dynamics of FUS effects in humans. Twenty-two healthy volunteers participated in the study. Eleven received FUS in the right inferior frontal cortex while the other 11 were stimulated in the right thalamus. Using a temporal dynamic approach, we compared resting-state fMRI seed-based functional connectivity obtained before and after FUS. We also assessed behavioural changes as measured with a task of reactive motor inhibition. Our findings reveal that the effects of FUS are predominantly time-constrained and spatially distributed in brain regions functionally connected with the directly stimulated area. In addition, mediation analysis highlighted that FUS applied in the right inferior cortex was associated with behavioural alterations which was directly explained by the applied acoustic pressure and the brain functional connectivity change we observed. Our study underscored that the biological effects of FUS are indicative of behavioural changes observed more than an hour following stimulation and are directly related to the applied acoustic pressure.
Probing electronic-structure pH-dependency of Au nanoparticles through X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Imbir Gabriela , Wach Anna , Czapla-Masztafiak Joanna , Wójcik Anna , Sá Jacinto , Szlachetko Jakub
Published: December 2024

Research on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) remains a field of intense activity due to their broad range of applications in diverse fields like catalysis, renewable energy, environmental science, and medicine. Herein, the morphological and electronic structures investigation of Au NPs prepared at different pH values is reported. The dependence of the localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength and electronic structure with size was determined by combining transmission electron microscopy, and various spectroscopic methods led by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The X-ray absorption experiments evidenced that the citrate-stabilized Au NPs bulk electronic structure remains intact over a broad range of pHs, and changes were detected resulting from differences in NPs surface terminations.
Artificial intelligence enabled smart mask for speech recognition for future hearing devices
Authors: Hameed Hira , Lubna  , Usman Muhammad , Kazim Jalil Ur Rehman , Assaleh Khaled , Arshad Kamran , Hussain Amir , Imran Muhammad , Abbasi Qammer H.
Published: December 2024

In recent years, Lip-reading has emerged as a significant research challenge. The aim is to recognise speech by analysing Lip movements. The majority of Lip-reading technologies are based on cameras and wearable devices. However, these technologies have well-known occlusion and ambient lighting limitations, privacy concerns as well as wearable device discomfort for subjects and disturb their daily routines. Furthermore, in the era of coronavirus (COVID-19), where face masks are the norm, vision-based and wearable-based technologies for hearing aids are ineffective. To address the fundamental limitations of camera-based and wearable-based systems, this paper proposes a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-based smart mask for a Lip-reading framework capable of reading Lips under face masks, enabling effective speech recognition and fostering conversational accessibility for individuals with hearing impairment. The system uses RFID technology to make Radio Frequency (RF) sensing-based Lip-reading possible. A smart RFID face mask is used to collect a dataset containing three different classes of vowels (A, E, I, O, U), Consonants (F, G, M, S), and words (Fish, Goat, Meal, Moon, Snake). The collected data are fed into well-known machine-learning models for classification. A high classification accuracy is achieved by individual classes and combined datasets. On the RFID combined dataset, the Random Forest model achieves a high classification accuracy of 80%.
Diversity of extracellular vesicles derived from calli, cell culture and apoplastic fluid of tobacco
Authors: Kocholatá Michaela , Malý Jan , Kříženecká Sylvie , Janoušková Olga
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in plant extracellular vesicles (pEVs) due to their immense potential for medical applications, particularly as carriers for drug delivery. To use the benefits of pEVs in the future, it is necessary to identify methods that facilitate their production in sufficient quantities while maintaining high quality. In this study, a comparative analysis of yields of tobacco pEV derived from apoplastic fluid, sterile calli, and suspension cultures, was performed to identify the most suitable plant material for vesicle isolation. Subsequent experiments focused on assessing the efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) loading into callus-derived vesicles, employing various methods such as sonication, incubation, incubation supplemented with saponin, lipofection, and electroporation. Differences in loading efficiency among vesicles derived from apoplastic fluid, calli, and suspension cultures were observed. Moreover, our investigation extended to the presence of tobacco secondary metabolites, specifically anabasine and nicotine, within vesicles originating from three distinct tobacco sources. The outcomes of our study highlight variations not only in vesicle yields based on their source but also in their loadability and the presence of nicotine and anabasine. These findings contribute valuable insights into optimizing the production and application of pEVs for future medicinal purposes.
Quantitative and rapid lateral flow immunoassay for cardiac troponin I using dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yafei , Yao Yu , Hua Qingqing , Li Jishun
Published: December 2024

AuNPs were enriched by dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) and used as labels for lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the detection of cTnI and quantified by three methods with high sensitivity.
Pericardial bioscaffold coated with ECM gels and urothelial cells for the repair of a rabbit urinary bladder defect
Authors: Luevano-Colmenero Guadalupe H. , Rocha-Juache Rosalinda , Vargas-Mancilla Juan , Flores-Moreno Jorge M. , Rojo Francisco J. , Guinea Gustavo V. , Mendoza-Novelo Birzabith
Published: December 2024

Repair of damaged or faulty complex modular organs such as the urinary bladder is a current clinical challenge.
Bifunctional chlorhexidine-based covalent organic polymers for CO2 capture and conversion without a co-catalyst
Authors: Zhang Ruiying , Shen Yue , Liu Lin , Han Zhengbo
Published: December 2024

Two new types of bifunctional chlorhexidine-based covalent organic polymers COP-Co and COP-Zn can efficiently convert CO2 and epoxides into cyclic carbonates under solvent-free and co-catalyst-free conditions.
A review: strategies for reducing the open-circuit voltage loss of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Lu-Yao , Sun Qi , Xie Yue-Min , Fung Man-Keung
Published: December 2024

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells suffer from severe VOC loss. The reported studies on reducing the VOC deficit in terms of interface modification, charge transport layer engineering, and additive engineering are systematically reviewed.
A triflate porous layer stabilizing Zn anodes for high-performance Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Rao Ruijun , Chen Jingtao , Bai Mengxi , Li Qiufen , Wang Xiang , Li Jiashuai , Li Dongze , Lin Xiaoyan , Shao Siyuan , Wang Ziqi
Published: December 2024

A triflate porous layer is constructed on Zn anodes, which stabilizes the surface pH and contributes to a ZnF2-containing interphase during cycling. This interphase significantly enhances the reversibility and reaction kinetics of the Zn anodes.
Chemical vapor transport synthesis of one-dimensional V2PS10 and its application in miniaturized UV sensors
Authors: Kang Jinsu , Cho Sooheon , Zhang Xiaojie , Lee Bom , Jeong Byung Joo , Choi Kyung Hwan , Jeon Jiho , Lee Sang Hoon , Park Jae-Hyuk , Kim Sang Hyuk , Yu Hak Ki , Choi Jae-Young
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate the synthesis of high-quality one-dimensional V2PS10 crystals and their successful application as UV sensors, highlighting their potential for miniaturized electronic devices.
An unsymmetrically sandwiched bis(O3S2-macrocycle) lead(ii) complex via an endo/exo-coordination mode
Authors: Kim Seulgi , Ju Kyunghye , Kim Taehun , Park In-Hyeok
Published: December 2024

Self-assembly reactions of ditopic O3S2-macrocycle (L) with a lead(ii) salt afforded an unsymmetrically sandwiched complex, including an edge-to-face mode as the first non-soft metal species in this category.
Nanosheet arrays derived from ZIF-67 grown on three-dimensional frameworks for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Dang Jiangyan , Qiu Jingjing , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhang Jingping
Published: December 2024

The self-supporting electrode ZIF-67/NiSex/NF-1 with a nanosheet structure has a low overpotential of 353 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and excellent stability at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 for 55 h in the alkaline electrocatalytic OER.
Silver(i)–iodine cluster with efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence and suppressed concentration quenching
Authors: Li Xiao , Wei Shan-Yue , Zhang Dong-Hai , Hu Jia-Xuan , Hou Chen-Lu , Lin Ting-Ting , Chen Xu-Lin , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: December 2024

A silver(i)–iodine cluster, chelated by bisphosphine ligands with a donor–acceptor configuration, realizes highly efficient green thermally activated delayed fluorescence and suppressed emission concentration quenching in films.
Enrichment of polymethoxyflavones from citrus fruits using an optimized enzyme/acid-catalyzed hybrid hydrolysis process and its influence on mice gut microbiota
Authors: Sun Meng , Liang Jianjia , Peng Yan , Qin Leilei , Ma Dongxu , Cai Xiaorong , Ran Lu , Wang Yueyi , Wang Huimin , Yang Changying , Liu Xiaowen , Deng Zhangshuang
Published: December 2024

A green preparation method of citrus polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) and its health-promoting effects.
Strong and tough bio-based biomimetic-multiphase composite polyesters with superior barrier and chemically closed-loop performances
Authors: Wang Hao , Ding Jiheng , Chu Qinchao , Zhao Hongran , Zhu Jin , Wang Jinggang
Published: December 2024

A full-natural bionics-multiphase composite polyester with mechanical robustness, high gas barrier and chemically closed-loop properties was designed and prepared using bio-based monomers and single-layered mica to achieve a replacement for plastic.
Methyl viologen as a catalytic acceptor for electron donor–acceptor photoinduced cyclization reactions
Authors: Jeyaseelan Rubaishan , Liu Wenheng , Zumbusch Jens , Næsborg Line
Published: December 2024

Methyl viologen is used as a catalytic accepter for EDA-complex formations for photochemical cyclization reactions. The catalytic turnover of the methyl viologen is facilitated by the presence of molecular oxygen.
Influence of the distance between the focused point and Al surface on atomic and molecular emission spectra in air
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Fan Bowen , Zhang Yubo , Wu Zhuo , Chen Fuli , Su Xiaohui , Lü Tao
Published: December 2024

High-resolution atomic lines and high-intensity molecular spectra were obtained by changing the focused point-to-sample distance. A time-resolved pump–probe shadowgraph technique was employed to account for the mechanism of the spectral intensity.
Solid-lubrication properties of copper benzene-1,4-dicaboxylate, a metal–organic framework with a two-dimensional layered crystal structure
Authors: Eguchi Hiroshi , Kato Sara , Maegawa Satoru , Itoigawa Fumihiro , Nagata Kenji
Published: December 2024

The solid lubricity of copper benzene-1,4-carboxylate was investigated, indicating that the layered structure is essential for its performance.
Copper complex of phenylglycine-functionalized UiO-66-NH2: a chiral MOF catalyst for enantioselective Henry reaction
Authors: Rasolinia Khadijeh , Arvinnezhad Hamid , Samadi Saadi
Published: December 2024

In this study, a Zr-based MOF chiral catalyst was synthesized, characterized, and then examined in the enantioselective Henry reactions.
Ambipolar conduction in gated tungsten disulphide nanotube
Authors: Pelella Aniello , Camilli Luca , Giubileo Filippo , Zak Alla , Passacantando Maurizio , Guo Yao , Intonti Kimberly , Kumar Arun , Di Bartolomeo Antonio
Published: December 2024

High drain voltage bias enables ambipolar conduction in tungsten disulphide (WS2) nanotube field-effect (photo-)transistors.
Asymmetric synthesis of spiro[benzofuran-pyrrolidine]-indolinedione via bifunctional urea catalyzed [3 + 2]-annulation
Authors: Bharani Sankar , Ananda Rao Biddika , Chowhan L. Raju , Pallepogu Raghavaiah , Prasad Madavi S.
Published: December 2024

Herein, we demonstrate the first employment of (E)-alkylidine benzofuran-2-one for the high enantio- and diastereoselective construction of trifluormethylated spiro[benzofuran-pyrrolidine]indolinedione.
Mo(CO)6-catalyzed reductive coupling reaction to synthesize benzimidazoquinazolinones and dihydroquinazolinoquinazolinones
Authors: Zhao Ran , Huang Xinrui , Meng Xiaoru , Wang Yuhan , Li Ruiyu , Meng Xiangwei , Xie Caixia
Published: December 2024

A series of benzimidazoquinazolinone and dihydroquinazolinoquinazolinone derivatives were synthesized by deploying a method in which Mo(CO)6 was used as both reductant and cyclization accelerator.
Dynamic covalent bonding (DCB): the bond lability of alkoxyamines as drugs against Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Embo-Ibouanga Ange W. , Nguyen Michel , Paloque Lucie , Joly Jean-Patrick , Bikanga Raphaël , Augereau Jean-Michel , Robert Anne , Audran Gérard , Mellet Philippe , Boissier Jérôme , Benoit-Vical Françoise , Marque Sylvain. R. A.
Published: December 2024

To dig its grave with its fork: How feeding Plasmodium and Schistosoma with hybrid peptide-alkoxyamines that release reactive radicals in the presence of enzymatic activities leads to their death.
A novel platinum(ii) complex with a berberine derivative as a potential antitumor agent targeting G-quadruplex DNA
Authors: Zhang Shu-Lin , Fu Haimei , Ma Yingxia , Lin Qifu , Xu Yanli , Yang Qiyuan , He Peng , Wei Zuzhuang
Published: December 2024

G-quadruplexes are considered attractive targets for various human diseases, including cancer therapy, owing to their potential therapeutic applications.
Synthesis, structure, and spectral and electrochemical properties of new visible to NIR absorbing 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY derivatives
Authors: Behera Kanhu Charan , Chauhan Pinky , Tiwari Shubham , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: December 2024

This study presents 3-pyrrolyl BODIPY-based Schiff base and benzothiazole derivatives with tunable red-to-NIR properties, highlighting a Re(i) complex with distorted octahedral geometry for its potential in coordination chemistry.
Visible-light-induced decarboxylative cyclization
Authors: Das Suven
Published: December 2024

The present review focuses on recent progress (2020–2024) in the visible-light-driven decarboxylative cyclization of various carboxylic acid derivatives for constructing carbo-/heterocycles.
Visible-light-induced cascade radical cyclization to access sulfamoylated benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones
Authors: Huang Rong , Wang Wenbo , Lu Kui , Zhao Xia
Published: December 2024

A visible-light-induced cascade radical sulfamoylation/cyclization of 2-arylbenzoimidazoles to access sulfamoylated benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones was achieved.
Conversion of aromatic methyl ketones to esters and carboxylic acids using o-phthalaldehyde as an oxidant
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Maity Ranajit , Ghosh Partha
Published: December 2024

In this study o-phthalaldehyde is employed for the novel oxidation of a broad range of aryl methyl ketones to esters.
Design and synthesis of betulinic acid–dithiocarbamate conjugates as potential antifungal agents against Candida albicans
Authors: Amin Henna , Kantroo Hadiya Amin , Mubarak Mohamad Mosa , Bhat Showkat Ahmad , Ahmad Zahoor , Bhat Khursheed Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Diverse betulinic acid–dithiocarbamate conjugates were designed and synthesized via a two-step reaction at room temperature.
Electrodeposition, microstructure and characterization of high-strength, low-roughness copper foils with polyethylene glycol additives
Authors: Huang Jian , Song Ning , Chen Mingwei , Tang Yunzhi , Fan Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

High-quality copper foils with high tensile strength (433.2 MPa) and low surface roughness (1.7 μm) were electrodeposited with PEG, exhibiting high (220) crystal plane orientation, high density of twin grain boundaries and stacking faults.
Visible-light-driven net-1,2-hydrogen atom transfer of amidyl radicals to access β-amido ketone derivatives
Authors: Jiang Yonggang , Li Hui , Tang Haoqin , Zhang Qingyue , Yang Haitao , Pan Yu , Zou Chenggang , Zhang Hongbin , Walsh Patrick J. , Yang Xiaodong
Published: December 2024

Visible-light-driven N-centered radicals lead to C-centered α-amino radicals through rare net-1,2-HAT processes, with trapping by silyl enol ethers to access β-amido ketone derivatives.
Stereodivergent assembly of δ-valerolactones with an azaarene-containing quaternary stereocenter enabled by Cu/Ru relay catalysis
Authors: Tian Kui , Jin Zhuan , Liu Xin-Lian , He Ling , Liu Hong-Fu , Yu Pin-Ke , Chang Xin , Dong Xiu-Qin , Wang Chun-Jiang
Published: December 2024

Stereodivergent synthesis of chiral δ-valerolactones bearing a unique azaarene-containing α-quaternary and a tertiary stereocenter was enabled by Cu/Ru relay catalysis via cascade borrowing hydrogen/Michael addition/lactonization protocol.
Mimic metalloenzymes with atomically dispersed Fe sites in covalent organic framework membranes for enhanced CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Gao Shuaiqi , Zhao Xiao , Zhang Qian , Guo Linlin , Li Zhiyong , Wang Huiyong , Zhang Suojiang , Wang Jianji
Published: December 2024

A mimic metalloenzyme fabricated by anchoring atomically dispersed Fe sites into interlayers of the triazine-based COF membrane ensures an enhanced performance for CO2 photoreduction, like a high CO yield of 992 μmol g−1 h−1 and selectivity of 100%.
Fluoride superionic conduction in TlF with the new anti-α-CuBr structure containing intrinsic F vacancies
Authors: Tani Kazuki , Tada Tomofumi , Takami Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2024

Fluoride superionic conductivity was achieved in novel TlF, which belongs to electronically-inverted analogues.
Salt-assisted activation of n → π* electronic transition in orange carbon nitride for enhanced visible-light-driven H2 generation
Authors: Lei Lin , Fan Yongbo , Jia Yuxin , Fan Huiqing , Wang Weijia , Huang Haitao
Published: December 2024

The introduction of cyano group defects and Na doping activates n → π* electronic transition in an orange carbon nitride, thereby inhibiting the radiative recombination pathway and accelerating the transfer of photoinduced charge carriers.
Conformal electrochemical deposition of intermetallic AuCu thin films for convergent C–N coupling
Authors: Gerke Carter S. , Foley Gregory D. Y. , Wilder Logan M. , Yang Yuwei , Young James L. , Bedford Nicholas M. , Miller Elisa M. , Thoi V. Sara
Published: December 2024

A compositionally tunable series of AuCu films is active for electrocatalytic urea generation from carbon dioxide and nitrate.
Regulating oxygen vacancy distribution in perovskites via A-site cation engineering for water oxidation
Authors: Su Zengyu , Wu Jingpin , Song Tao , Duan Lele , Zhang Peili , Sun Licheng , Fan Ke
Published: December 2024

Perovskite oxides with different A-site cations regulate the distribution of oxygen vacancies and lead to distinct surface reconstructions and catalytic mechanisms during the OER.
Are Speech Sound Difficulties Risk Factors for Difficulties in Language and Reading Skills? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Walquist-Sørli Line , Caglar-Ryeng Ømur , Furnes Bjarte , Nergård-Nilssen Trude , Donolato Enrica , Melby-Lervåg Monica
Published: December 2024

Background:

Children with speech sound difficulties often require educational psychology services, yet systematic reviews examining the association between these difficulties and language or reading problems are lacking. This meta-analysis examines whether these children are at higher risk of language and reading difficulties compared to their peers.

Method:

The study analyzed 290 effect sizes from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that compared language and reading skills between children with speech sound difficulties and controls. Additionally, we evaluated 37 effect sizes from correlational studies in general populations to examine the relationship between speech sound skills and language or reading skills.

Results:

Children with speech sound difficulties showed significant concurrent language (Hedges'
g
= −0.60) and reading (Hedges'
g
= −0.58) problems. Correlational studies also demonstrated a relationship between speech sound skills and language (
r
= .23) and reading (
r
= .23) skills. Phonological awareness and study quality were significant moderators. Longitudinal studies showed persistent or increasing group differences over time in language (Hedges'
g
= −0.85) and reading (Hedges'
g
= −0.50). These findings were consistent regardless of the severity or types of speech sound difficulties, nonverbal IQ, country, age, and publication year. However, a precision-effect test and the precision-effect estimate with standard errors analysis suggested a potential decrease in effect size due to publication bias from small sample sizes in primary studies.

Conclusion:

Children with speech sound difficulties are at an increased risk of language and reading difficulties, emphasizing the need for broader language assessments and early interventions to mitigate future academic difficulties.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27849828
Linguistic Processing of Unattended Speech Under a Cocktail Party Listening Scenario
Authors: Lu Lingxi , Wu Danni , Zhang Xiaoyu , Chen Liangjie
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

In the context of a cocktail party listening environment, the processing of different linguistic hierarchy levels in unattended speech and their influence on target speech recognition remain controversial. This study aims to investigate how different levels of linguistic structures (such as syllable, word, and sentence) in competing speech influence the recognition of target speech in a speech-to-speech masking situation.

Method:

Thirty-six participants were instructed to recognize target speech when it was masked by competing speech varied in masking types across syllables, words, and sentence. The perceived spatial location was altered to examine the interaction between linguistic unmasking effects and spatial unmasking effects. Recognition performance (i.e., intelligibility threshold) was determined by fitting psychometric functions to the recognition accuracies across four signal-to-noise ratios (−14, −10, −6, and − 2 dB) to evaluate each subject's ability to cope with challenging listening conditions.

Results:

We revealed a significant decline in target speech recognition when the masking speech was linguistically structured and intelligible. Specifically, masking speech with higher linguistic complexity, such as coherent sentences, resulted in more significant interference compared to those with lower complexity, like sequences of syllables. The linguistic release from masking, resulting from a decrease in linguistic complexity of maskers shifting from sentences to syllables, was found to be correlated with, and also linearly additive to, the spatial release from masking due to the spatial separation of the masker and target.

Conclusions:

These findings illustrate the influence of linguistic complexity in masking speech on the recognition of target speech, suggesting the involvement of higher-level linguistic processing of irrelevant speech in noisy environment.
A Scoping Review of Intervention Outcomes for School Students With Communication Difficulties
Authors: McCormack Jane , Ttofari Kerry , Denman Deborah , Dixon Gaenor , Crosbie Sharon , Cronin Anna
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

For speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in schools, outcome measurement is an important element of practice, enabling us to evaluate the efficacy of our service provision and guiding future decision making, funding, and resource allocation. When selecting outcomes to measure, it is helpful to consider both the level at which change may be occurring and the extent or impact of that change. The primary aim of this review was to identify the outcomes measured in intervention studies for school-aged children with speech, language, and communication difficulties (SLCD) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to classify the outcomes. A second aim was to identify tools used in research studies to measure the outcomes.

Method:

A systematic search of five databases was undertaken to identify papers reporting outcomes for school students who had received intervention targeting SLCD. Articles written in English and published between January 2000 and August 2021 were included. The Taxonomy for Categorizing Outcome Measures for SLCD was created to enable a review of outcomes and measurement tools.

Results:

There were 125 papers included in the final review. Most papers (
n
= 109, 87.2%) reported on studies that included outcome measures that captured changes at Body Function level, while approximately half captured Activity-level change. Only 24 (19.2%) explored changes at Participation level.

Conclusions:

Change at the Body Function or Activity levels does not always reflect change at the Participation level. Measuring outcomes at the Participation level enables SLPs to determine the real-world impact of the adjustments they have recommended or the intervention they have provided. However, in order to measure outcomes at the Participation level, we need the tools for capturing those changes for school-aged students with SLCD.
Interpreting millimeter emission from IMEGIN galaxies NGC 2146 and NGC 2976
Authors: Ejlali G. , Tabatabaei F. S. , Roussel H. , Adam R. , Ade P. , Ajeddig H. , André P. , Artis E. , Aussel H. , Baes M. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Berta S. , Bing L. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , De Looze I. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E. F. C. , Galliano F. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Jones A. P. , Hanser C. , Hughes A. , Katsioli S. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Madden S. C. , Maury A. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Moyer-Anin A. , Muñoz-Echeverría M. , Nersesian A. , Pantoni L. , Paradis D. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Revéret V. , Rigby A. J. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Sievers A. , Smith M. W. L. , Tedros J. , Tucker C. , Xilouris E. M. , Ysard N. , Zylka R.
Published: December 2024

The millimeter continuum emission from galaxies provides important information about cold dust, its distribution, its heating, and its role in the interstellar medium (ISM). This emission also carries an unknown portion of the free-free and synchrotron radiation. The IRAM 30 m Guaranteed Time Large Project, Interpreting Millimeter Emission of Galaxies with IRAM and NIKA2 (IMEGIN) provides a unique opportunity to study the origin of the millimeter emission at angular resolutions of < 18″ in a sample of nearby galaxies. As a pilot study, we present millimeter observations of two IMEGIN galaxies, NGC 2146 (starburst) and NGC 2976 (peculiar dwarf) at 1.15 mm and 2 mm. Combined with the data taken with the Spitzer, Herschel, Planck, WSRT, and the 100 m Effelsberg telescopes, we modeled the infrared-to-radio Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of these galaxies, both globally and at resolved scales, using a Bayesian approach to (1) dissect different components of the millimeter emission, (2) investigate the physical properties of dust, and (3) explore the correlations between millimeter emission, gas, and star formation rate (SFR). We find that cold dust is responsible for most of the 1.15 mm emission in both galaxies and at 2 mm in NGC 2976. The free-free emission emits more importantly in NGC 2146 at 2 mm. The cold dust emissivity index is flatter in the dwarf galaxy (β = 1.3 ± 0.1) compared to the starburst galaxy (β = 1.7 ± 0.1). Mapping the dust-to-gas ratio, we find that it changes between 0.004 and 0.01 with a mean of 0.006 ± 0.001 in the dwarf galaxy. In addition, there is no global balance between the formation and dissociation of H2 in this galaxy. We find tight correlations between the millimeter emission and both the SFR and molecular gas mass in both galaxies.
The dynamical lineage of isolated, HI-rich ultra-diffuse galaxies
Authors: Nandi Nilanjana , Banerjee Arunima , Narayanan Ganesh
Published: December 2024

Context. Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) exhibit morphological similarities with other low-luminosity galaxies, indicating a possible evolutionary connection.

Aims. We investigated for the common dynamical characteristics of isolated, HI-rich UDGs with other low-luminosity field galaxies, namely the low surface brightness galaxies (LSBs) and the dwarf irregulars (dIrrs).

Methods. We considered samples of each of the UDGs, LSBs, and the dIrrs. We first obtained scaling relations involving mass and structural parameters for the LSB and the dIrr samples and superposed the UDGs on them. We then carried out a two-sample Anderson-Darling test to analyse whether the UDGs belong to the population of the LSBs or the dIrrs. Thereafter, we constructed distribution function-based stellar-dynamical models of these galaxies to determine their kinematical parameters. We followed up with the Mann-Whitney U-test to determine if our UDG, LSB, and dIrr samples belong to different parent populations so far as kinematics is concerned. Finally, we conducted principal component analyses involving both structural and kinematical parameters to identify the key properties accounting for the variance in the data for the respective galaxy populations.

Results. From the galaxy scaling relation studies, we note that the UDGs and the LSBs constitute statistically different populations. However, for the UDGs and the dIrrs, the null hypotheses of these statistical tests cannot be rejected for the following scaling relations: (i) stellar mass versus atomic hydrogen mass, (ii) stellar mass versus dynamical mass, and (iii) dark matter core density versus core radius. Interestingly, the dynamical models suggest that the UDGs, LSBs, and the dIrrs constitute different galaxy populations, as reflected by their radial-to-vertical velocity dispersion and the rotational velocity-to-total stellar velocity dispersion. Finally, we observe that the total HI and stellar mass mostly regulate the variance in the structural and kinematical data for both the UDGs and the dIrrs, while the ratio of radial-to-vertical velocity dispersion and the total HI mass dominate the variation in the LSBs.

Conclusions. The UDGs and the LSBs represent statistically different galaxy populations with respect to their mass and structural properties. However, the statistical studies do not negate the fact that the structural parameters of the UDGs and the dIrrs follow the same normal distributions. However, the UDGs, LSBs, and the dIrrs constitute very different populations as far as their kinematical parameters are concerned. Finally, we note that the variation in the structural and kinematical data of both the UDGs and the dIrrs is mostly accounted for by their stellar mass and HI mass, whereas for the LSBs, the variance is explained by the ratio of the radial-to-vertical stellar dispersion followed by the HI mass. Thus, we may conclude that the UDGs and dIrrs share a common dynamical lineage.