bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONTRIBUSI PARAMETER METEOROLOGI DAN KONDISI LALU LINTAS TERHADAP KONSENTRASI PENCEMAR NO2 DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Istirokhatun Titik , Ratnasari Elaeis Noviani , Utomo Sudarno
Published: August 2017

Air pollution and its public health effects are drawing increasing concern from the environmental health research community, environmental regulatory agencies, industries as well as public. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of those common air pollutants that potentially major cause health problems. Transportation contributed most of the air pollution. In addition, the number of vehicles that are passing and queuing on the crossroads because of traffic light can affect the concentration of NO 2. Besides, in these places there are a lot of road users which are potentially exposed by contaminants, so information about the concentration of NO2 on road side is important to know. This study aimed to investigate the impact of meteorological factors and the number of vehicles on NO2 concentrations. Impinger fritted bubler was used for air sampling, and Griess Saltzman method was used for determining NO2 concentration. Sampling and calculation of the number of passing vehicles were performed 3 times ie in the morning, afternoon and evening. Based on the results of the study, the highest concentrations of NO2 were on the range of 0.7-4.2 mg/Nm3.
O caderno de campo como instrumento de reflexão para a formação inicial de professores de Química
Authors: Barbosa Giseli Leticia Santos
Published: August 2017

Atualmente, o tema educação tem sido muito discutido devido a sua importância para a formação cidadã. Desde outrora, pesquisas indicam a necessidade da formação de profissionais qualificados e valorizados, tanto de forma inicial quanto contínua. Neste trabalho, discute-se a proposta do diário de campo como meio de reflexão sobre a prática docente. Para a análise, utilizou-se as reflexões apresentadas nos diários de campo confeccionados por licenciandos de Química durante o desenvolvimento de uma sequência de aulas relacionada a conceitos de termoquímica em turmas de segundos anos do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Observou-se o quanto é promissor a utilização do diário de campo como ferramenta de reflexão na formação inicial, auxiliando os licenciandos a refletirem sobre seus dilemas e suas ações de forma a melhorar a sua prática docente.
Sensorkonzept zur Bestimmung der Dampffeuchte und des thermischen Zustandspunkts von Nassdampf mittels Schwingungsspektroskopie
Authors: Stephan Simon , Uffrecht Wieland , Raddatz Mario
Published: August 2017

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Sensorkonzept zur simultanen Messung der
Temperatur und der Dampffeuchte eines Dampf-Flüssigkeits-Gemisches,
insbesondere Wasser, auf der Basis der Infrarot-Spektroskopie
vorgestellt. Schwingungsspektren von Reinstoffen hängen neben der
Temperatur auch von dem Aggregatzustand und damit dem Phasengehalt
einer Probe ab. Es wird beschrieben, wie diese, aus der Literatur
bekannten, physikalischen Phänomene in ein technisches Messverfahren
übertragen werden können. Dazu werden unterschiedliche Algorithmen zur
simultanen Temperatur- und Dampffeuchteauswertung vorgeschlagen.
Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals a Nanoscale Organization of Acetylcholine Receptors for Trans-Synaptic Alignment at Neuromuscular Synapses
Authors: York Amanda L. , Zheng James Q.
Published: August 2017

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a chemical synapse formed between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers. The vertebrate NMJ uses acetylcholine (ACh) as the neurotransmitter and features numerous invaginations of the postsynaptic muscle membrane termed junctional folds. ACh receptors (AChRs) are believed to be concentrated on the crest of junctional folds but their spatial organization remains to be fully understood. In this study, we utilized super-resolution microscopy to examine the nanoscale organization of AChRs at NMJ. Using Structured Illumination Microscopy, we found that AChRs appear as stripes within the pretzel-shaped mouse NMJs, which however, do not correlate with the size of the crests of junctional folds. By comparing the localization of AChRs with several pre- and postsynaptic markers of distinct compartments of NMJs, we found that AChRs are not distributed evenly across the crest of junctional folds as previously thought. Instead, AChR stripes are more closely aligned with the openings of junctional folds as well as with the presynaptic active zone. Using Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) for increased resolution, we found that each AChR stripe contains an AChR-poor slit at the center that is equivalent to the size of the opening of junctional folds. Together, these findings indicate that AChRs are largely localized to the edges of crests surrounding the opening of folds to align with the presynaptic active zones. Such a nanoscale organization of AChRs potentially enables trans-synaptic alignment for effective synaptic transmission of NMJs.
Identifying explanatory variables of structural state for optimum asset management of urban drainage networks: a pilot study for the city of Bogota
Authors: Angarita H , Niño P , Vargas D , Hernández N , Torres A
Published: August 2017

The aim of this work is to identify and quantify physical and environmental explanatory variables for the structural state of urban drainage networks in a pilot study located in Bogota, Colombia. The analysis used information from 2291 CCTV inspections collected by the Water and Sewerage Company of Bogota (EAAB, from its Spanish initials) using tele-operated equipment during 2008-2010. Linear regression models were established to identify the environmental and physical characteristics of the pipes that are significantly associated with the occurrence, magnitude and type of the failures commonly found. Despite the fact that the correlation levels show that the developed model has a very low predictive capacity, it was found that the process of selecting assets for CCTV inspection can be optimized, increasing the success rate in failure detection.
O turismo como integrador regional em cidades trigêmeas: Foz do Iguaçu (Brasil), Ciudad del Este Paraguai) e Puerto Iguazú (Argentina)
Authors: Belo Clemente de Souza Edson
Published: August 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las dinámicas territoriales generadas por la actividad turística en las ciudades gemelas de Foz do Iguaçu (Brasil), Ciudad del Este (Paraguay) y Puerto Iguazú (Argentina). Por el número de visitantes, proporcionado por los organismos de estadística, se observó esta dinámica en cuatro principales lugares de interés turístico: el Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, el Parque Nacional del Iguazú, Itaipú Binacional y las ruinas jesuíticas. La actividad turística ha sido un vínculo de integración entre estas tres ciudades, que forman una región transfronteriza; sin embargo, hay que destacar el papel centralizador de Foz do Iguaçu por los servicios que ofrece y la cantidad de objetos existentes.
Estimación de capacidad de carga turística en el área Chorro El Indio, estado Táchira, Venezuela
Authors: Perruolo Laneti Gustavo José , Camargo Roa Cristopher Edgar
Published: August 2017

La finalidad del estudio presentado en este artículo fue estimar la capacidad de carga para la generación de datos que permitan determinar líneas de acción con miras a mejorar la infraestructura y los servicios relacionados con la práctica del ecoturismo en el área Chorro El Indio. Se realizó un inventario de infraestructura disponible, el cual fue georreferenciado a través del sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS) y un sistema de información geográfica (SIG). Posteriormente, se calculó la capacidad de carga física (CCF), real (CCR) y efectiva (CCE); dichos resultados demostraron que el área presenta una gran demanda, principalmente por parte de los habitantes de la ciudad de San Cristóbal, siendo CCF de 2.344 visitas/día, CCR de 1.029 visitas/día y CCE 629 visitas/día, respectivamente.
Elmeolvasás a cselekvésben: A spontán viselkedésekben kifejeződő vélekedésolvasás funkcióiról
Authors: Esperger Zsófia , Kozma Luca , Herold Róbert
Published: August 2017

Elmeolvasó készségünk teszi lehetővé, hogy mások mentális állapotait — észleleteit, szándékait, vélekedéseit — leképezzük, és saját hasonló állapotainktól megkülönböztessük. Ezt a teljesítményt közel negyven éve sajátosan emberi készségnek tételezzük. Az utóbbi évtizedben egyre több bizonyíték szól amellett, hogy a vélekedésolvasás készségének létezik egy implicit formája, melyen automatikus kognitív működéseket értünk. Ugyanakkor kétséges, hogy az automatikus folyamatok során valóban mentális állapotokat reprezentálunk-e. Az implicit működések jelenleg főként viselkedéses mérésen keresztül ragadhatóak meg. Egyes viselkedéses változók pedig nemcsak a vélekedésolvasás lehetséges kifejeződéseként, hanem egyúttal a készség birtoklásának fontos bizonyítékaként is értelmezhetőek. Ugyanakkor eddig kevés figyelem irányult ezen viselkedések lehetséges funkcióinak feltárására. Jelen tanulmányunkban azt a célt tűztük ki, hogy funkcionális értelmezési lehetőségeket kínáljunk az implicit elmeolvasó paradigmákban megjelenő két spontán viselkedésre: a viselkedésjósló szemmozgásra és a közbeavatkozó-korrigáló viselkedésre. Alkalmazott módszerünk a szelektív irodalomelemzés, melynek során az implicit vélekedésolvasás erős bizonyítékait vizsgáljuk meg közelebbről. Eredményeink szerint a viselkedésjósló szemmozgások a szelf és a másik perspektívájának és szándékának az egyesítését, míg a korrigáló-közbeavatkozó viselkedés a saját és a másik reprezentációinak a különválasztását erősítik. Megbeszélésünkben kitérünk a spontán viselkedések szerepére az elmeolvasás atipikus működése terén.
Narrating Conversion
Authors: Granoff Phyllis
Published: August 2017

Both Buddhism and Jainism from their inception were missionary religions, engaged in spreading their faith through conversions. Unlike the Jains, the Buddhists developed a master-narrative in which, at a council of learned monks, it was agreed to dispatch some of their members to every corner of the world to convert the inhabitants to Buddhism. Read carefully, the accounts of the success of these ventures preserved in the Pali sources raise questions with surprisingly far-reaching implications. Through a comparison with Jain stories, this article highlights the distinctiveness of Buddhist conversion stories and puzzles over their unusual attitudes towards preaching, authoritative texts, and the lay community.
Narrating Shivaji the Great
Authors: Laine James W.
Published: August 2017

This article investigates the narrative constraints that led Kavindra Paramananda to include accounts of family feuds in his epic poem, the Sivabharata, even while the purpose of the text was to praise the Maharashtrian king Shivaji (d. 1680) as a great epic hero. Written at the time of the king's coronation and presumably under his direction, the Sivabharata may have taken the Mahabharata as a useful model for dealing with family conflict when aspects of such conflict were impossible to ignore. The essay also considers the effects of assumed narrative frames when modern scholars, like the author himself, challenge those assumptions.
Regarding “Survival Outcomes in Asymptomatic Patients with Normal Conventional Imaging but Raised Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels in Colorectal Cancer Following Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Imaging”
Authors: Macbeth Fergus , Treasure Tom
Published: August 2017

This Letter to the Editor questions the benefits of a recently reported CT-PET scan screening policy in terms of improving survival in patients with colorectal cancer.
Disparities of Trastuzumab Use in Resource-Limited or Resource-Abundant Regions and Its Survival Benefit on HER2 Positive Breast Cancer: A Real-World Study from China
Authors: Li Jianbin , Wang Shusen , Wang Yongsheng , Wang Xiaojia , Wang Haibo , Feng Jifeng , Zhang Qingyuan , Sun Tao , Ouyang Quchang , Yin Yongmei , Liu Yinhua , Geng Cuizhi , Yan Min , Jiang Zefei
Published: August 2017

Background

Trastuzumab is a key component of therapy for human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer. Because real-world data are lacking, the present research was conducted to evaluate the actual use of and the effectiveness of trastuzumab in the real world in China.

Methods

Inpatients with HER2 positive invasive breast cancer from 13 hospitals in Eastern China (2010–2015, n = 1,139) were included in this study. We aimed to assess the actual use of trastuzumab and to evaluate potential efficacy from trastuzumab in real-world research.

Results

Of 1,017 patients with early stage breast cancer (EBC), 40.5% (412/1,017) received trastuzumab therapy. Patients with EBC in resource-abundant regions (gross domestic product per capita >$15,000 and trastuzumab included in Medicare) are more likely to receive trastuzumab than those in resource-limited regions (37.3% vs. 13.0%, p < .05). After metastasis, 50.8% (366/720) patients received trastuzumab as their first-line therapy. More than 10% of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) continued trastuzumab therapy after twice progression in resource-abundant regions, whereas more than 40% of patients never received any trastuzumab therapy during the whole course of therapy in resource-limited regions. Overall, the improvement in survival for trastuzumab versus non-trastuzumab was substantial in EBC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.609, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.505–0.744) and in MBC (HR = 0.541, 95% CI: 0.418–0.606). This association was greater for patients with MBC who had never received trastuzumab (HR = 0.493, 95% CI: 0.372–0.576) than for those who had received adequate trastuzumab therapy in EBC stage (HR = 0.878, 95% CI: 0.506–1.431).

Conclusion

This study showed great disparities in trastuzumab use in different regions and different treatment stages. Both EBC and MBC patients can benefit from trastuzumab, as the survival data show; however, when trastuzumab is adequate in the early stage, a further trastuzumab-based therapy in first-line treatment of MBC will be ineffective, especially for those with short disease-free survival, and a second line of anti-HER2 therapy will be recommended. (Research number: CSCO-BC RWS 15001).
Deep Learning for Plant Phenotyping v1
Authors: Pound Michael , French Andrew
Published: August 2017

Deep learning is an emerging field that promises unparalleled results on many data analysis problems. We show the success offered by such techniques when applied to the challenging problem of image-based plant phenotyping, and demonstrate state-of-the-art results for root and shoot feature identification and localisation. We use fully automated trait identification using deep learning to identify quantitative trait loci in root architecture datasets. The majority of (12 out of 14) manuallyidentified QTL were also discovered using our automated approach based on the deep learning detection to locate plant features. We predict a paradigm shift in image-based phenotyping boughtabout by deep learning approaches.
Dissection of mouse EDL and Soleus muscles v1
Authors: Broellochs Anita
Published: August 2017

This protocol shows how to dissect the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle and Soleus muscle from a mouse leg.
A Influência das Evidências Físicas nas Intenções de Lealdade do Público Masculino
Authors: Minozzo Caroline Zonta , Terres Mellina Da Silva
Published: August 2017

O presente estudo se propõem a compreender a influência das evidências físicas na intenção de lealdade do público masculino no varejo de vestuário. A marca Zara fora escolhida como objeto de estudo, visto que não trabalha com publicidade convencional, ou seja, a comunicação da empresa com o seu consumidor se dá exclusivamente atráves do ponto de venda. Por este motivo, existe uma preocupação muito grande com a exposição de produtos e ambientação da loja. Ligado a isso, optou-se pela abordagem da teoria das evidências físicas, composta por três dimensões, sendo elas ambientais, sociais e de design, e sua relação com as intenções de recompra e boca-a-boca positivo do público consumidor masculino. Os achados evidenciaram que a percepção das evidências físicas pelo público masculino no ponto de venda influencia diretamente nas intenções de lealdade do consumidor, e, portanto,são essenciais para definir o comportamento de compra futuro deste público no ponto de venda.
La libre competencia económica en el régimen de los servicios públicos
Authors: Barreto Sebastián
Published: August 2017

Este artículo estudia el régimen jurídico de los servicios públicos para constatar la presencia de la libre competencia como concepto jurídico y técnicoeconómico. El artículo se concentra en los servicios públicos domiciliarios y de telecomunicaciones, los cuales fueron expresamente liberalizados por la ley, y da cuenta de algunas decisiones judiciales y administrativas que han fortalecido o atentado contra la libre competencia en esos sectores. Particularmente se observan el régimen jurídico de los contratos de las empresas de servicios públicos domiciliarios y las potestades de la autoridad de competencia en los mismos; para los servicios de telecomunicaciones se analizó la decisión del Consejo de Estado en el caso del tercer canal.
La responsabilidad de los empresarios por la seguridad de los productos de consumo
Authors: Corcione María Carolina
Published: August 2017

Los empresarios tienen diferentes obligaciones frente a los consumidores, dependiendo de si se trata de un problema de calidad de los productos que ofrecen en los mercados o si efectivamente se presenta un defecto en los mismos. Una vez se determina que se está en presencia de un producto defectuoso, el empresario tiene el deber de tomar una serie de acciones e informar a la autoridad competente para evitar que se cause un daño a la vida, la salud y/o la integridad de los consumidores. En este artículo se analizan esas acciones, las consecuencias de su omisión, así como el deber de información que tienen los empresarios ante la autoridad administrativa encargada de la protección de los derechos de los consumidores, una vez este conoce que uno de los bienes o servicios que puso a disposición del público es defectuoso.
La responsabilidad fiscal de los contratistas del Estado
Authors: Fajardo-Peña Santiago
Published: August 2017

El contrato estatal es una de las más importantes herramientas para la gestión fiscal. La celebración, ejecución y liquidación de contratos estatales también es una fuente potencial de daños patrimoniales al Estado. Quizá por eso, muchos contratistas del Estado son llamados a responder fiscalmente como si fueran auténticos ordenadores del gasto público. La cuestión, sin embargo, no es así de sencilla. El proceso de responsabilidad fiscal tiene un destinatario cualificado: el gestor fiscal. En este artículo, mediante una exposición conceptual y un estudio de caso, se identifican los criterios para determinar en qué eventos un contratista del Estado queda investido de la función de administrar fondos públicos y cuándo puede verse sometido a un proceso de responsabilidad fiscal.
Uso de 3PG como herramienta para modelar plantaciones dendroenergéticas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis en la región de Biobío, Chile
Authors: Esquivel-Segura Edwin A. , Rubilar-Pons Rafael , Sandoval-Rocha Simón , Acuña-Carmona Eduardo , Cancino-Cancino Jorge , Espinosa-Bancalari Miguel , Muñoz-Sáez Fernando
Published: August 2017

Las plantaciones dendroenergéticas han mostrado rendimientos que han sido sitio-específicos. En algunos países se está iniciando una producción a gran escala sin conocer los niveles de productividad que las mismas tendrán en función a la disponibilidad de recursos de un sitio. Modelos ecofisiológicos permiten predecir la productividad de plantaciones forestales a partir de la estimación de algunos parámetros ambientales y de cada especie. El modelo 3PG ha mostrado capacidad de estimación en plantaciones de Eucalyptus. Hasta hoy, no existen experiencias de uso de este modelo en plantaciones dendroenergéticas de alta densidad, esta publicación trata de la parametrización de 3PG para estimar con mayor certeza la productividad de plantaciones dendroenergéticas a nivel sitio-específico. Para evaluar la predicción del modelo 3PG en plantaciones dendroenergéticas se utilizaron parámetros de la literatura para la especie Eucalyptus camaldulensis y se evaluó la eficiencia del modelo en plantaciones de la misma especie establecidas a densidades de 5000, 7500 y 10000 árboles por hectárea que fueron establecidas en un sitio de producción forestal marginal, en suelos de origen Granítico, localizado en la Región del Biobío, Chile. Al realizar la parametrización con valores de la literatura y parámetros del proyecto permitió evidenciar una adecuada estimación en estas plantaciones donde la alometría por densidad permite un ajuste adecuado del modelo, por lo que se denota la densidad como uno de los parámetros más importantes a decidir en el establecimiento de plantaciones forestales de alta densidad.
Diseño, resistencia, tablas de diseño, propuesta de empaque y manuales de uso de cerchas construidas con madera de Gmelina arborea e Hieronyma alchorneoides de plantaciones forestales en Costa Rica
Authors: Tenorio Carolina , Moya Roger , Saenz Marta , Navarro Angel , Carranza Mauricio , Paniagua Viviana
Published: August 2017

Se diseñaron dos cerchas “tipo pratt” con luces entre apoyos de 6 m y 9 m, construidas con madera de Gmelina arborea (melina) e Hieronyma alchorneoides (pilón), utilizando dos tipos de uniones: clavos y tornillos. Las cerchas fueron sometidas a cargas de flexión para establecer los valores de resistencia y luego derivar los cuadros de diseño para ser utilizadas en techos de casas de habitación. Además, se propuso el sistema de empaque para los dos tipos de cerchas, así como un manual técnico y de armado dirigido a profesionales y constructores. En los resultados de resistencia se encontró que los valores de carga máxima en las cerchas construidas con madera de H. alchorneoides fueron mayores en comparación con las cerchas construidas con madera de G. arborea, entre 286 kg a 438 kg y 204 kg a 286 kg respectivamente. Los cuadros de diseño para los dos tipos de cerchas, de ambas especies y tipos de unión se determinaron para luces entre apoyos de 4 m, 5 m, 6 m y 7 m. El empaque que se propuso para cada largo de cercha consistió de dos cajas de cartón corrugado; la primera caja de 2,5 m x 25 cm x 12 cm para las piezas más grandes y de 1,35 m x 15,5 cm x 12 cm para las piezas pequeñas en la cercha de 9 metros. Mientras que en la cercha de 6 metros se propuso también dos cajas de 2,5 m x 15,5 cm de ancho x 12 cm para las piezas más grandes y de 1,35 m x 15,5 cm de ancho x 12 cm para las piezas pequeñas. Finalmente se describe en detalle y forma gráfica el sistema de armado de las cerchas.
Inocuidad de cultivos y alimentos biotecnológicos, “20 años de comercialización”
Authors: Garro-Monge Giovanni
Published: August 2017

La biotecnología ha sido utilizada desde hace miles de años para obtener beneficios para el ser humano. Desde mucho antes los seres humanos han utilizado técnicas como la hibridación, mutagénesis y poliploidía, generando cambios a nivel genético para obtener características deseables Actualmente es posible utilizar la ingeniería genética para modificar o transferir genes de un organismo a otro con el fin de obtener productos con ciertas ventajas respecto a su contraparte convencional. Las técnicas de ingeniería genética se iniciaron desde hace 30 años a nivel de investigación y hace ya 20 años se comercializan a gran escala productos mediante estas las mismas. A pesar que se han generado diversas observaciones en cuanto a su inocuidad y bioseguridad por ciertos  sectores de la sociedad a la fecha múltiples estudios con gran respaldo científico en diversas partes del mundo concluyen de manera general, que a nivel ambiental y de salud humana, no existen diferencias entre el mejoramiento convencional y el mejoramiento por ingeniería genética. El desarrollo de alimentos mejorados mediante biotecnología está acompañado por normas y marcos regulatorios de bioseguridad, los cuales involucran análisis de riesgo con pruebas de larga duración para asegurar la inocuidad del alimento.
Uso de sistemas de información geográfica para determinar pérdida de bosque y suelo de las nacientes administradas por acueductos rurales de la Zona Huetar Norte, Costa Rica
Authors: Navarro-Garro Alfonso , Araya-Rodríguez Freddy , Moreira-Segura Cristian , Ruiz-Agüero Keren
Published: August 2017

En Costa Rica el suministro de agua para la población rural esta dado mayoritariamente por las Asociaciones Administradoras de los Acueductos y Alcantarillado (ASADAS).
Con el levantamiento espacial de las nacientes mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfica (GPS), además de realizar cálculos para determinar pérdida de bosque y suelo mediante las fórmulas Puyravaud (2003) y Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo Revisada (RUSLE), durante el periodo 1997 al 2012.  Este proceso realizado en un radio de 200 metros a la redonda de la naciente.  Con estos procesos se determina la cobertura boscosa y la erosión en la superficie que rodea la naciente.
En la naciente denominada Caimitos y San Francisco, para el año 1997 la cobertura en los 200 metros a la redonda, era un superficie deforestada, contando con 12.3 hectáreas, lo cual se mantuvo en la misma condición para el año 2012, esta condición genera pérdidas de suelo importante para la naciente calculadas en 12.28 toneladas por hectárea por año, esto se clasifica como una erosión ligera, sin embargo hay nacientes que muestran erosión moderada, severa y muy severa.
La determinación de pérdida de bosque y erosión, junto con la elaboración de mapas y los de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), permiten establecer el comportamiento del bosque y la erosión, mediante modelados espaciales.
Diseño de un inversor trifásico de siete niveles controlado con máquina de estados
Authors: Alpízar-Castillo Joel
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo describe el diseño del circuito de un inversor trifásico de siete niveles, seccionado en tres etapas: etapa de generación de onda monofásica, etapa de control y etapa de desfase. Para la etapa de generación de onda monofásica se utilizó un inversor asimétrico en cascada partiendo de tiristores. Para la etapa de control se utilizó una máquina de estados finitos con flip-flops JK. Para la etapa de desfase se prefirió un circuito desfasador con monoestables sobre circuito desfasador RC, debido a las pérdidas que produce en el sistema y efectos negativos en la onda de salida.
Influence of Using a Blend of Rennet Casein and Whey Protein Concentrate as Protein Source on the Quality of Mozzarella Cheese Analogue
Authors: Jana Atanu
Published: August 2017

Cheese is deficient in whey proteins and whey protein has high nutritional significance in human diet. Hence it was decided to incorporate whey protein concentrate (WPC) in the formulation of Mozzarella cheese analogue (MCA), based on rennet casein (RC) and study its effect on the quality of resultant cheese analogue.
Evaluation of the Maternal Perception of the Oral Health of the Inpatient Infant
Authors: Lira Ana de Lourdes Sá de , Crisóstomo Joyce de Moura , Rebelo Sylvana Thereza de Castro Pires
Published: August 2017

Aim: To evaluate the mother’s perception of the oral health of their inpatient infants in maternity or infirmary units of a public hospital. Methods: Questionnaire applications were scheduled and educational lectures were carried out on how to sanitize the infant's mouth after breastfeeding, even in the absence of primary teeth, emphasizing the importance of breastfeeding. Results: A significant number of mothers reported that they received no guidance regarding the oral health care of their infants. They had never attended lectures by dental practitioners, as well as they did not know that the use of pacifier, baby bottle and digital sucking habit could interfere with their infant’s oral heath over time. Conclusions: The majority declared that they had no care with the oral health of their infants. Only five mothers of newborns reported that they performed the oral hygiene of them once a day after the first breastfeeding. The mothers showed lack of knowledge on the diseases which can affect their children during early infancy as they had no information on how to prevent them. They did not know that early caries lesions could affect the infant and that harmful oral habits can predispose to the development of malocclusions.
PROPOSTA DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE RELEVÂNCIA DE QUEDAS D’ÁGUA COMO SUBSÍDIO À CONSERVAÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO NATURAL
Authors: Oliveira Carmélia Kerolly Ramos de , Salgado André Augusto Rodrigues , Lopes Frederico Wagner de Azevedo
Published: August 2017

A proteção do patrimônio natural abiótico está em voga no cenário acadêmico e nos órgãos ambientais. Entretanto, faltam legislações específicas e critérios técnicos sobre a temática, especialmente em relação ao patrimônio geológico/geomorfológico. Com as quedas d’água não é diferente, pois não existe legislação ou trabalhos referentes à geoconservação desses ambientes. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo levantar, através da metodologia Delphi, critérios que possibilitaram propor um protocolo para classificação da relevância das quedas d'água como suporte à legislação ambiental. O protocolo gerado foi testado em campo em 20 (vinte) das cachoeiras mais importantes e de reconhecida beleza cênica do trecho mineiro da Estrada Real (Minas Gerais) visando verificar se a definição de critérios teoricamente levantada pelos especialistas – técnica Delphi – era coerente com a realidade. Após o teste do protocolo nas cachoeiras selecionadas, foi possível através de um método multicritérios de auxilio a decisão, enquadrar as quedas d’água visitadas nas seguintes classes de acordo com sua pontuação: (i) extrema; (ii) alta; (iii) média e; (iv) baixa.  Os resultados demonstraram que foi possível se criar um protocolo de classificação de quedas d´água de acordo com sua relevância.
DISTRIBUSI LONGITUDINAL DAN STRUKTUR POPULASI Rasbora spp. DI SUNGAI BANJARAN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Amelia Titis , Lestari Windiariani , Nuryanto Agus
Published: August 2017

Rasbora is a genus of freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae. Three species belonging to this genus were found in Java Island; R. aprotaenia, R. lateristriata, and R. argyrotaenia. Rasbora inhabits clear running water with sandy and gravel bottom. This study aimed to determine the longitudinal distribution of Rasbora spp. based on their species richness and abundance at Banjaran River; to determine the population structure of Rasbora spp based on their body weight, standard and total length; and to identify interactions between physical-chemical factors with species richness and abundance of Rasbora spp. This research was a survey, with purposive random sampling technique applied to collect samples. The research divided the study sites into five stations based on their altitude and topography. The Cluster Analysis was calculated based on species richness and relative abundance of Rasbora spp., while the longitudinal distribution and the population structure were presented descriptively. The interaction between the physical-chemical factors and the species richness and abundance of Rasbora were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Thi study found two species of Rasbora, namely Rasbora argyrotaenia and Rasbora lateristriata with 80 and 2 individuals respectively. R. argyrotaenia was distributed longitudinally along Banjaran River. Meanwhile, R. latestriata was only found at the upstream. Based on the body weight, the population of R. argyrotaenia at the station three were found highest by the average body weight of 1–6 gr of a total 31 individuals. The maximum measurements of the standard length were observed at the station 3 with a range of diameter 4.0–5.9 cm of 30 individuals. The total length were also found at the station 3 with a range of measuremtnt 5.0–7.9 cm of 33 individuals. R. latestriata was found only two individual with body weights measured were 9 gr and 10 gr, the standard lengths were 7.6 and 8.5 cm, and the total lengths were 9.5 and 10.5 cm. The distribution of R. argyrotaenia was influenced mostly by pH, the speed of the water, and DO. The presence of R. lateristriata was influenced primarily by BOD and depth.
The Impact of the Cosmological Constant on the Newtonian Gravity
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: August 2017

By solving the weak field limit of Einstein’s Field Equation including the Cosmological Constant, under the constraint of spherical isotropy, it is shown that, at large cosmological distance, the gravitational force exceeds the one that is predicted by Newton’s gravity law, such that it corresponds with Milgrom’s MOND hypothesis. However, the resulting prediction that, at extremely large distances, gravity with some spatial periodicity turns on-and-off into antigravity marks a decisive difference.
Simplifying Coefficients in Differential Equations Associated with Higher Order Bernoulli Numbers of the Second Kind
Authors: Qi Feng , Niu Da-Wei , Guo Bai-Ni
Published: August 2017

In the paper, by virtue of the Faà di Bruno formula, some properties of the Bell polynomials of the second kind, and an inversion formula for the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds, the authors establish meaningfully and significantly two identities which simplify coefficients in a family of ordinary differential equations associated with higher order Bernoulli numbers of the second kind.
Growth of Calcite in Confinement
Authors: Li Lei , Kohler Felix , Røyne Anja , Dysthe Dag Kristian
Published: August 2017

Slow growth of calcite in confinement is abundant in Nature and man made materials. There is ample evidence that such confined growth may create forces that fracture solids. The thermodynamic limits are well known but since confined crystal growth is transport limited and difficult to control in experiment we have almost no information on the mechanisms or limits of these processes. We present a novel approach to in situ study of confined crystal growth using microfluidics for accurate control of the saturation state of the fluid and interferometric measurement of the topography of the growing confined crystal surface. We observe and explain the diffusion limited confined growth structures observed and can measure the crystal "floating" on a fluid film of 10-40~nm thickness due to the disjoining pressure. We find that there are two end member behaviours: smooth or intermittent growth in the contact region, the latter being faster than the former.
Detection of Aβ(1-40) Protein in Human Serum as A Causative Agent of Alzheimer’s Disease by Strain Gauge Cantilever Biosensor Immobilizing Liposome Incorporating Cholesterol
Authors: Taniguchi Tomoya , Murakami Yuki , Sohgawa Masayuki , Yamashita Kaoru , Noda Minoru
Published: August 2017

We have successfully measured amyloid beta (Aβ) (1-40) protein added in human serum by a NiCr strain gauge cantilever biosensor immobilized with liposomes incorporating cholesterol. Importantly, we investigated the effect of incorporation of cholesterol in the liposome in order to suppress the interaction between the liposome and many different proteins included in human serum. It was revealed that incorporating cholesterol suppresses the interaction between the proteins other than Aβ in human serum and the liposome. Finally, we detected Aβ(1-40) in human serum with typical chronological behaviors due to Aβ aggregation and fibrillization. Furthermore, as a digital low-pass filtering procedure could reduce external noises, the cantilever sensor immobilized with liposome incorporating cholesterol can detect low-concentrated Aβ in human serum.
Qualitative Studies of Infant and Young Child Feeding in Lower-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Dietary Patterns and Their Determinants
Authors: Bazzano Alessandra N. , Kaji Aiko , Felker-Kantor Erica , Potts Kaitlin Storck
Published: August 2017

Continued high rates of both under- and over-nutrition in low- and low-middle-income countries highlight the importance of understanding dietary practices such as early and exclusive breastfeeding, and dietary patterns such as timely, appropriate complementary feeding—these behaviors that are rooted in complex cultural ecologies. A systematic review and synthesis of available qualitative research related to infant and young child dietary patterns and practices from the perspective of parents and families in low income settings is presented, with a focus on barriers and facilitators to achieving international recommendations. Data from both published and grey literature from 2006-2016 was included in the review. Quality assessment consisted of two phases (CASP guidelines and assessment using GRADE-CERQual), followed by synthesis of the studies identified, and subsequent thematic analysis and interpretation. The findings indicated several categories of both barriers and facilitators, spanning individual and system level factors. The review informs efforts aimed at improving child health and nutrition, and represents the first such comprehensive review of the qualitative literature, uniquely suited to understanding complex behaviors leading to infant and young child dietary patterns.
Overview of Modelling and Control Strategies for Wind Turbines and Hydroelectric Systems: Comparisons and Contrasts
Authors: Simani Silvio , Alvisi Stefano , Venturini Mauro
Published: August 2017

Increasingly, there is a focus on utilising renewable energy resources in a bid to fulfil increasing energy requirements and mitigate the climate change impacts of fossil fuels. While most renewable resources are free, the technology used to usefully convert such resources is not and there is an increasing focus on improving the conversion economy and efficiency. To this end, advanced control technologies can have a significant impact and is already a relatively mature technology for wind turbines. Though hydroelectric plants can use simple regulation systems, significant benefits have been shown to accrue from the appropriate use of the same control methods designed for wind turbine plants. This represents the key point of the paper. In fact, to date, the application communities connected with wind and hydraulic energies have had little communication, resulting in little cross fertilisation of control ideas and experience, particularly from the more mature wind area to hydrodynamic systems. Therefore, this paper examines the models and the application of control technology across both domains, both from a comparative and contrasting point of view, with the aim of identifying commonalities in models and control objectives, as well as potential solutions. Key comparative reference points include the articulation of the exployed models, specification of control objectives, development of high--fidelity simulators, and development of solution concepts. Not least, in terms of realistic system requirements are the set of physical and constraints under which such renewable energy systems must operate, and the need to provide reliable and robust control solutions, which respect the often remote and relatively inaccessible location of many onshore and offshore deployments.
Land Use Regression Modeling of Outdoor Noise Exposure in Informal Settlements in Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Sieber Chloé , Ragettli Martina S. , Brink Mark , Toyib Olaniyan , Baatjies Roslyn , Saucy Apolline , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Dalvie Mohamed Aqiel , Röösli Martin
Published: August 2017

In developing countries, noise exposure and its negative health effects have been little explored. The present study aimed to assess the noise exposure situation in adults living in informal settings in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. We conducted continuous one-week outdoor noise measurements at 134 homes in four different areas. These data were used to develop a land use regression (LUR) model to predict A-weighted day-evening-night equivalent sound level (Lden) from geographic information system (GIS) variables. Mean noise exposure during day (6:00-18:00) was 60.0 A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) (interquartile range 56.9-62.9 dB(A)), during night (22:00-6:00) 52.9 dB(A) (49.3-55.8 dB(A)) and average Lden was 63.0 dB(A) (60.1-66.5 dB(A)). Main predictors of the LUR model were related to road traffic and household density. Model performance was low (adjusted R2=0.130) suggesting that other influences than represented in the geographic predictors are relevant for noise exposure. This is one of the few studies on the noise exposure situation in low- and middle-income countries. It demonstrates that noise exposure levels are high in these settings.
What's the role of humanities in academic reading and writing processes? Martha Nussbaum and François Rastier1
Authors: Torres Perdigón Andrea
Published: August 2017

This article presents a reflection on the role that the humanities could play in supporting possible reading and writing difficulties that are currently experienced by university students in a global context. It begins by examining the issues emerging in the Spanish-speaking world and proposes a possible change in our concept of knowledge in universities. This transformation is explored in two essays, one by Martha Nussbaum (2010) and the other by François Rastier (2013). A comparative analysis of these two texts allows to establish a common basis on the role that these sciences can have in a university facing the consequences that the changes in the conception of knowledge could generate in the higher education.
Determination of Trophic Structure in Selected Freshwater Ecosystems by using Stable Isotope Analysis
Authors: Amila Faqhira Zainordin  , Suhaila Ab Hamid
Published: August 2017

Stable isotope analysis has been used extensively to establish trophic relationships in many ecosystems. Present study utilised stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen to identify trophic structure of aquatic food web in river and rice field ecosystems in Perak, northern peninsular Malaysia. The mean ?13C values of all producers ranged from - 35.29 ± 0.21 to - 26.00 ± 0.050 ‰. The greatest ?15N values noted was in zenarchopterid fish with 9.68 ± 0.020 ‰. The ?15N values of aquatic insects ranged between 2.59 ± 0.107 in Elmidae (Coleoptera) and 8.11 ± 0.022 ‰ in Nepidae (Hemiptera). Correspondingly, with all the ?13C and ?15N values recorded, it can be deduced that there are four trophic levels existed in the freshwater ecosystems which started with the producer (plants), followed by primary consumer (aquatic insects and non-predatory fish), secondary consumer (invertebrate predators) and lastly tertiary consumer (vertebrate predators).

 

Analisis isotop stabil telah digunakan secara meluas untuk mewujudkan hubungan trofik dalam pelbagai ekosistem. Kajian ini menggunakan tanda isotop stabil karbon dan nitrogen untuk mengenal pasti jaringan makanan akuatik dalam ekosistem sungai dan sawah padi di Perak, utara Semenanjung Malaysia, dan juga untuk menentukan struktur trofik jaringan makanan yang telah dikenal pasti. Nilai min ?13C untuk semua pengeluar berjulat dari - 35.29 ± 0.21 hingga - 26.00 ± 0.050 ‰. Nilai ?15N yang terbesar terdapat dalam ikan zenarchopterid dengan 9.68 ± 0.020 ‰. Nilai ?15N serangga akuatik berjulat antara 2.59 ± 0.107 dalam Elmidae (Coleoptera) dan 8.11 ± 0.022 ‰ dalam Nepidae (Hemiptera). Sehubungan dengan itu, dengan semua nilai ?13C dan ?15N yang telah direkod, ia boleh disimpulkan bahawa terdapat empat tahap trofik yang wujud dalam ekosistem air tawar yang bermula dengan pengeluar (tumbuh-tumbuhan), diikuti oleh konsumer primer (serangga akuatik dan ikan bukan pemangsa), konsumer sekunder (pemangsa invertebrata) dan akhir sekali konsumer tertier (pemangsa vertebrata).
O que um filme pode nos ensinar? Estudo Observacional e Análise do Tema Sustentabilidade no filme “Os Sem Floresta”
Authors: Bizarria Fabiana Pinto de Almeida , Tavares Jessie Coutinho de Souza , Brasil Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira , Tassigny Mônica Mota , Silva Maria Aparecida da
Published: August 2017

As representações fílmicas apresentam em seu bojo simbologias capazes de representar as reflexões dicotômicas que integram a sociedade. Este artigo objetiva analisar o filme de animação “Os sem floresta”, no que diz respeito à sustentabilidade, com suporte na interação entre animais, os quais perderam parte do seu habitat florestal em virtude da construção de um condomínio residencial; e seres humanos, residentes dessa propriedade. Para a análise, realizou-se estudo observacional com suporte na linguagem fílmica, numa abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada no conceito de sustentabilidade. Como desdobramento da análise, infere-se que diante busca pela harmonia indivíduo-ambiente, o desenvolvimento sustentável se apresenta como um processo de mudança em que a exploração de recursos, a direção dos investimentos, a orientação do desenvolvimento tecnológico e a mudança institucional podem estar em harmonia quando reforça o potencial atual e futuro para atender às necessidades humanas e aspiração. Para o futuro, sugere-se que o tema seja discutido de um lugar não comum, sendo uma tarefa não alcançada por esse artigo. Acredita-se que a educação ambiental possa processar o desenvolvimento pelo sustentável e não o inverso. Um caminho alternativo pode ser a construção valorativa que subjaz as ações subjetivas sobre as questões socioambientais discutidas.
Vascular Access Type and Clinical Outcomes among Elderly Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Lee Timmy , Thamer Mae , Zhang Qian , Zhang Yi , Allon Michael
Published: August 2017

Background and objectives

The optimal type of initial permanent access for hemodialysis among the elderly is controversial. Duration of central venous catheter dependence, patient comorbidities, and life expectancy are important considerations in whether to place an arteriovenous fistula or graft. We used an observational study design to compare clinical outcomes in elderly patients who initiated hemodialysis with a central venous catheter and subsequently had an arteriovenous fistula or graft placed.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We identified 9458 United States patients ages ≥67 years old who initiated hemodialysis from July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011 with a central venous catheter and no secondary vascular access and then received an arteriovenous fistula (n=7433) or graft (n=2025) within 6 months. We evaluated key clinical outcomes during the 6 months after vascular access placement coincident with high rates of catheter use and used a matched propensity score analysis to examine patient survival.

Results

Central venous catheter dependence was greater in every month during the 6-month period after arteriovenous fistula versus graft placement (P<0.001). However, rates of all-cause infection-related hospitalization (adjusted relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 0.99; P=0.01) and bacteremia/septicemia-related hospitalization (adjusted relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 0.98; P=0.02) were lower in the arteriovenous fistula versus graft group as was the adjusted risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.80; P<0.001).

Conclusions

Despite extended central venous catheter dependence, elderly patients initiating hemodialysis with a central venous catheter who underwent arteriovenous fistula placement within 6 months had fewer hospitalizations due to infections and a lower likelihood of death than those receiving an arteriovenous graft.
On the Popularization of Marxist Philosophy in Contemporary China
Authors: Ling Xiao
Published: August 2017

The popularization of Marxist philosophy has always been the key research content of researchers. It is also the basic condition for the deep analysis of the objective law. During the modern development and construction in China, it needs to use empirical researches and dynamic theories to promote the analysis of the popularization of Marxist philosophy in China. The paper analyzes the problems existing in the popularization of Marxist philosophy in contemporary China and then studies the development path.