bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity in Neurological Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Turgut Busra Aktaş , Naz İlknur
Published: April 2023

Physical activity levels of people with chronic neurological disorders are lower than those of healthy people. Problems in neurological disorders, including gait abnormalities, muscle weakness/loss of strength, spasticity, tremor, fatigue, balance disorder, and incontinence, results in lower physical activity level. After determining the situations that are contraindicated for physical activity, the patients should be evaluated by physiotherapists, and possible risks that may occur should be determined. Many studies have demonstrated that physical activity significantly reduces mortality and morbidity, increases community participation, and improves health-related quality of life. These benefits show that increased physical activity and exercise should be part of the standard management of neurological disorders. In these patients, physical activity programs should be structured individually by providing appropriate environmental conditions and safety, following the assessment of the functional status and severity of the disease. The duration, intensity, and type of planned physical activity should be adjusted individually; Appropriate rest intervals should be given during the activity, and termination criteria should be determined according to individual tolerance. This literature review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of physical activity recommendations for individuals with chronic neurological disorders.
Impact of remittance inflows on the migration outflows of African countries: Statistical panel analysis
Authors:   Department of Natural Science, Port City International University, Bangladesh., Islam Md. Ashraful , Rokonuzzaman Md. ,   Department of Statistics, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Published: April 2023

This article examines the statistical results for several African nations. The country with the highest migration rate in east Africa is Sudan, where there are about 0.24 million migrants every year. Seychelles has the fewest migrants, with only 5,000 people. Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda are the countries that get the most donations. South Africa is the nation in the South African area that receives the highest levels of emigration and remittances, with an emigration rate of 0.13 million and repatriated profits of 489.6 million US dollars. In Botswana, transfers and emigration are at their lowest levels. In our statistical analysis, the Hotelling test statistic shows the population mean vector with migration and remittances for various countries in East Africa, South Africa, and West Africa. It produces statistically significant results at the 5% level in MANOVA analyses for the equality of means test for the nations of all three regions. To construct a panel regression model on the data, the data analysis was assisted by the LM test statistic and a fixed-effect model. Panel data analysis can help identify the yearly average number of migrants and the amount of remittance in different respected regions. Migration has a significant impact on remittances, and the inability of time-series migration data to be time-series migrated is one of the study’s main constants. One can use a simulation study to get fruitful results.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw Pada Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Berbasis Moderasi Beragama
Authors: Munir Misbahul , Mahidin La
Published: April 2023

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk Mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan implementasi model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsaw pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak di MTs Miftahul Ulum Trotosari Bondowoso. (2) untuk mendeskripsikan faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsaw pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak di MTs Miftahul Ulum Trotosari Bondowoso.

        Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Sumber datanya dari Guru akidah akhlak, Kepala Madrasah, dan Peserta didik. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dimulai dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Sedangkan pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan perpanjangan pengamatan, triangulasi, dan member check.

        Hasil penelitian 1) implementasi model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning tipe Jigsaw yaitu dengan membuat perencanaan pembelajaran, RPP. Kemudian membentuk kelompok, diskusi kelompok, kuis dan reward. 2) Faktor pendukung yaitu: a. Kemampuan guru dalam menguasai model pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw sudah baik, siswa aktif dalam mengikuti pelajaran, c. guru menggunakan alat pembelajaran berupa LCD proyektor sebagai media belajar sehingga belajar menjadi menarik dan motivasi belajar siswa meningkat.
MODEL IMPELEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL (Upaya Membangun Kurikulum Berbasis Moderasi Agama)
Authors: Adi Suwarno Suparjo , Nur Aeni Iffah
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui impelentasi pembelajaran multikultural dan moderasai beragama. Dalam penelitian ini terungkap bahwa Pembelajaran berbasis multikultural berusaha memberdayakan peserta didik untuk mengembangkan rasa hormat kepada orang berbeda, membantu peserta didik memilki kebanggaan akan warisan budaya serta menyadarkan peserta didik bahwa konflik nilai sering menjadi penyebab konflik antar masyarakat. Pendidikan multikultural diselenggarakan dalam upaya mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik dalam memandang kehidupan dari berbagai perspektif budaya yang berbeda mengintegrasian ke setiap mata pelajaran mempunyai tujuan untuk memperkenalkan nilai – nilai pendidikan multikultural di setiap mata pelajaran yang dipelajari oleh peserta didik sehingga menyadari pentingnya nilai – nilai tersebut dan penginternalisasian nilai – nilai tersebut ke dalam tingkah laku peserta didik sehari –hari melalui proses belajar secara langsung maupun tidak langsung di dalam maupun di luar kelas. Secara substantif, setidaknya ada beberapa mata pelajaran yang bisa langsung diintegrasikan  misalnya mata pelajaran fiqih dan akhlaq
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Komunikasi, Disiplin Kerja dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Pada Kepuasan Kerja
Authors:   Universitas Adzkia, Ramadhi Ramadhi , Rosalina Desi ,   Prodi Manajemen Ritel, Universitas Adzkia, Fikriando Eko ,   Prodi Manajemen Ritel, Universitas Adzkia, Sarianti Kiki ,   Prodi Manajemen Ritel, Universitas Adzkia
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which leadership style, communication, work discipline, and culture influence PT job satisfaction. Bina Thani Nusantara West Passaman. This study consists of her four independent variables: The only variables related to leadership style, communication, work discipline, organizational culture, and job satisfaction. Path analysis is used as an analysis method. The method of data collection in this study was through the use of questionnaires completed by the respondent, her PT staff. Bina Thani Nusantara West Passaman. Partial test (t-test) results: a) Leadership style has a large positive impact on job satisfaction b) Communication has a large positive impact on job satisfaction c) Job discipline has a large positive impact on job satisfaction d a) organizational culture has a positive impact on job satisfaction; e) management style, communication, work discipline, and organizational culture have a positive impact on job satisfaction
Analisis Peran Pendidikan Vokasi Dalam Pengembangan Industri Halal di Indonesia
Authors:   STEI Ar Risalah Sumatera Barat, Achta Pratama Fahmi
Published: April 2023

The halal industry, which is an industrial concept based on sharia economics, has great potential in the world's economic cycle. In Indonesia itself, including the largest country that adheres to Islam, has great potential in the development of the halal industry to develop. One of these development efforts, vocational education is considered to have a role in the development of the halal industry in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the role of vocational education in the development of the halal industry in Indonesia. This study applied the literature review method and in collecting data the researchers reviewed articles. From the results of the research conducted, it is known that vocational education plays an important role in efforts to develop the halal industry in Indonesia, because vocational education is education that concentrates on preparing graduates to work in the world of work with soft skills, hard skills, work experience and entrepreneurial urgency. The conclusion from this research is that vocational education with all its tools has a very vital role in the development of the halal industry in Indonesian.
The Information Analysis on New Media in Period of Pandemic: An Observation of Infodemics Study case
Authors: Rahayu Muthia , Mahmudah Siti Muslichatul
Published: April 2023

Apart from fighting against pandemics, we are also fighting against infodemics which is a kind of biased information wave that made it difficult for people to receive original information. Such as misinformation, disinformation, rumors, and hoaxes during an emergency, hindering responses, and creating confusion and distrust in society. Here, media platforms have a crucial part in filtering any information before transmitting it through channels of news. However, in the modern era, Social Networking Services (SNS) platforms become a new lifestyle, particularly for receiving and sharing information. Therefore, as information receivers, it becomes essential to understand the information before sharing it with other people. The objective of this present study is to determine the degree of understanding SNS users in receiving and sharing information in their community during the pandemic era. The research method used is a case study approach that examines one case intensively, in-depth, in detail, and comprehensively. The result of this study are (1) during the pandemic, the news they got was about developments in the COVID-19 case in Indonesia, news related to alternative medicines and vaccine drugs. (2) Sources get news information from the social media they use and also the WhatsApp groups they follow, (3) This research indicates that the infodemic is increasingly rampant until now, mass media supervisors are already working to block hoax information, but users who do not have awareness in selecting and sorting news

Keyword :
Information, New Media, Infodemic, Social Media
La circulación del “althusserianismo literario” en el campo anglosajón
Authors: Garrido Violeta
Published: April 2023

Integrating the contributions of the sociology of intellectuals developed by the Bourdieusian school, which analyses the activity in the field of multiple intermediaries (literary agents, translators, editors, political representatives, and academics), this article offers an overview of some of the strategies of importation and critical appropriation of Althusserian thought in English-speaking territories. The analysis begins in the 1960s, when it began to be introduced there through translations and critical commentaries, partly motivated by the international political situation, to the 1990s or so, when its importing agents had to face the delegitimization of Marxism and notably a certain public discrediting of the figure of the French philosopher. Special attention is paid to the movements occurring in the subfield of literary studies, something on which there are no systematic documents to date and which must continue to be addressed in the future. To this end, we take into consideration both the trajectory of certain agents and the theoretical proposals of some of the key texts that were formally or informally inscribed in that tradition, and which strove to configure original approaches to new objects based on the Althusserian corpus; thus combining the external analysis of intellectual history with the internal analysis of the objects of theoretical inquiry. All this sheds light, on the one hand, on the enormous capacity of that generation of importing agents to execute conceptual translations from the philosophical field (where Louis Althusser was originally inserted) to the literary field (where they operated). On the other hand, it provides information on the constitutive hierarchy of the international intellectual field, as the reactions in Great Britain and the United States, despite the linguistic affinity, are notably different and reinforce the idea of the autonomy of the fields.
“Los migrantes en condiciones de votar son una ‘novena sección’”. La politización de la política migratoria en la zona sur del Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Rodrigo Federico
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the transformations in the frameworks of reflection and action that promoted territorial documentation policies, developed in coordination between the National Direction of Migration and the provincial and municipal governments in the southern area of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. Based on an ethnographic approach to the activities of a local office, the Dirección de Entidades y Colectividades de La Plata, and interviews with its main managers, we focus on the interrelation between documentation policies and the visibility (and production) of the electoral potential of foreigners that crystallized during the implementation of these programs. Unlike the literature that focuses on the analysis of the intentions (explicit or implicit) of the laws and projects, and on the difficulties encountered in achieving the purposes stated in them, the originality of the article is given by its monitoring of positions, relationships, languages, and objects that were produced (to some extent unexpectedly) during their implementation. This strategy reveals that the documentary programs and the officials who carry them out have gradually become part of the networks of the so-called territorial policy, in which the relevance assigned to foreigners has increased. The fundamental shift in this dynamic is the progressive recognition of its electoral potential and the conceptualization of the migration issue as an area of strategic dispute for local and provincial political life. Thus, the main conclusion is that throughout the implementation of these programs, migration policy became politicized; that is, it acquired a “political” status in the consideration of different relevant actors. This recognition lasted even after document operations were discontinued in 2016 and was part of their reinstatement in 2019.
Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Spin–Orbit Torque
Authors: Zhu Lijun
Published: April 2023

Magnetic materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are of great interest for the development of nonvolatile magnetic memory and computing technologies due to their high stabilities at the nanoscale. However, electrical switching of such perpendicular magnetization in an energy‐efficient, deterministic, scalable manner has remained a big challenge. This problem has recently attracted enormous efforts in the field of spintronics. Here, recent advances and challenges in the understanding of the electrical generation of spin currents, the switching mechanisms and the switching strategies of perpendicular magnetization, the switching current density by spin–orbit torque of transverse spins, the choice of perpendicular magnetic materials are reviewed, and the progress in prototype perpendicular SOT memory and logic devices toward the goal of energy‐efficient, dense, fast perpendicular spin–orbit torque applications is summarized.
Design of adaptive EWMA control charts using the conditional false alarm rate
Authors: Aytaçoğlu Burcu , Driscoll Anne R. , Woodall William H.
Published: April 2023

Dynamic control limits can be useful in designing control charts, especially when sample sizes, risk scores, or other covariate values change over time. Computer simulation can be used to control the conditional false alarm rate and thus the in‐control run length properties. We show that this approach can be useful in designing adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (AEWMA) control charts for which the control chart smoothing parameter at a given time point depends on the observed value at that time point. We use AEWMA charts as examples, but the approach can be applied to the adaptive cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart and other types of adaptive charts.
Stimulating fertility awareness: the importance of getting the language right
Authors: Mertes H , Harper J , Boivin J , Ekstrand Ragnar M , Grace B , Moura-Ramos M , Rautakallio-Hokkanen S , Simopoulou M , Hammarberg K ,   the International Fertility Education Initiative (IFEI)
Published: April 2023

While education about fertility is not intrinsically controversial, finding the right language to communicate the topic can be challenging, as there are several risks of unintended negative effects such as dissonance, anxiety, culpability and stigma due to social norming. In this commentary, we share some of our learnings from promoting fertility awareness in the hope it will inspire further debate and research on this topic. Starting from the ethical principles of respect for reproductive autonomy, avoiding harm (in terms of stigma or anxiety) and inclusivity, we have formulated five recommendations: (1) frame fertility awareness messages with (reproductive) autonomy in mind and aim to be inclusive of those who do not represent the traditional nuclear family; (2) be empathetic and steer clear of blame; (3) avoid scaremongering and offer a positive angle; (4) give due consideration to both women and men in fertility health messaging; (5) tailor the messages to particular contexts and audiences and develop resources in close collaboration with the target groups.
Effects of tamoxifen and exemestane on cognitive function in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer
Authors: Lee Meeuw Kjoe Philippe R , Kieffer Jacobien M , Small Brent J , Boogerd Willem , Schilder Christina M , van der Wall Elsken , Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg Elma , van de Velde Cornelis J H , Schagen Sanne B
Published: April 2023

Background

Cognitive effects of tamoxifen have been described. We augment data from a previous short-term (ST) follow-up study with long-term (LT) data to evaluate ST and LT cognitive effects of tamoxifen followed by exemestane and exemestane in breast cancer patients.

Methods

Patients from the Tamoxifen and Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational trial received 5 years exemestane (exemestane group, n = 114) or 2.5 years tamoxifen followed by 2.5 years exemestane (sequential group, n = 92). Neuropsychological performance was assessed pre-endocrine therapy, after 1 year (ST follow-up) and at 5 years (LT follow-up). A control group of healthy participants (n = 120) were assessed with parallel intervals. With random effects modeling we evaluated cognitive changes from baseline to ST and LT follow-up. Statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results

After controlling for age, intelligence quotient, attrition, menopausal symptoms, anxiety and/or depression, and/or fatigue, the sequential group showed ST and LT decline compared with control participants on verbal memory (effect size [ES] = 0.26, P = .01; ES = 0.34, P = .003) and executive function (ES = 0.27, P = .007; ES = 0.38, P = .002). Compared with the exemestane group, the sequential group demonstrated ST decline on information processing speed (ES = 0.33, P = .01) and executive function (ES = 0.32, P = .01) and LT decline on verbal memory (ES = 0.33, P = .02). The exemestane group showed no cognitive decline compared with control participants.

Conclusion

Cognitive adverse effects of tamoxifen alone and after switching to exemestane were observed, suggestive of a carryover effect of tamoxifen. Our results underline the need for well-controlled, prospective trials studying cognitive effects of endocrine therapy.
Successful outcome of combined surgical and negative pressure therapy in complex enterocutaneous fistulas: a case report
Authors: Solis-Pazmino Paola , da Silva Leonardo Oliveira , Huiracocha Juan Quezada , Saldanha Luis Henrique , Avila Augusta , Ribeiro Guilherme , Pinto Rodrigo Pozza
Published: April 2023

An enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is a complex medical issue that occurs when abnormal communication between the small intestine and the skin occurs. This can lead to the leakage of digestive contents, such as feces and food, onto the skin’s surface. The case of an 86-year-old woman is presented, who developed high-output ECF after undergoing Hartmann surgery, intestinal transit reconstruction for perforated diverticulitis and incisional hernia treatment involving hernioplasty and polypropylene mesh. The patient had suffered from a serous-purulent discharge from a low-volume surgical wound for several years. Despite optimizing the patient’s nutritional status, a laparotomy and small bowel resection were performed successfully. However, using vacuum dressing as a cover for the fistula in the lower gastrointestinal tract remains a subject of debate and limited research. No officially recognized international guidelines recommend its use for small bowel ECF.
Classifying the unclassifiable—a Delphi study to reach consensus on the fibrotic nature of diseases
Authors: Massen G M , Allen R J , Leavy O C , Selby N M , Aithal G P , Oliver N , Parfrey H , Wain L V , Jenkins G , Stewart I , Quint J K
Published: April 2023

Background

Traditionally, clinical research has focused on individual fibrotic diseases or fibrosis in a particular organ. However, it is possible for people to have multiple fibrotic diseases. While multi-organ fibrosis may suggest shared pathogenic mechanisms, yet there is no consensus on what constitutes a fibrotic disease and therefore fibrotic multimorbidity.

Aim

A Delphi study was performed to reach consensus on which diseases may be described as fibrotic.

Methods

Participants were asked to rate a list of diseases, sub-grouped according to eight body regions, as ‘fibrotic manifestation always present’, ‘can develop fibrotic manifestations’, ‘associated with fibrotic manifestations’ or ‘not fibrotic nor associated’. Classifications of ‘fibrotic manifestation always present’ and ‘can develop fibrotic manifestations’ were merged and termed ‘fibrotic’. Clinical consensus was defined according to the interquartile range, having met a minimum number of responses. Clinical agreement was used for classification where diseases did not meet the minimum number of responses (required for consensus measure), were only classified if there was 100% consensus on disease classification.

Results

After consulting experts, searching the literature and coding dictionaries, a total of 323 non-overlapping diseases which might be considered fibrotic were identified; 92 clinical specialists responded to the first round of the survey. Over three survey rounds, 240 diseases were categorized as fibrotic via clinical consensus and 25 additional diseases through clinical agreement.

Conclusion

Using a robust methodology, an extensive list of diseases was classified. The findings lay the foundations for studies estimating the burden of fibrotic multimorbidity, as well as investigating shared mechanisms and therapies.
Increased risk for stroke in patients with familial Mediterranean fever: results from a large population-based study
Authors: Ben-Shabat Niv , Gendelman Omer , Fisher Lior , Shani Uria , Patt Yonatan Shneor , Watad Abdulla , Skuja Vita , McGonagle Dennis , Amital Howard
Published: April 2023

Objective

The association between chronic inflammatory conditions and cardiovascular disease is well established. Considering FMF, few studies exist investigating the risk of ischaemic heart disease, and none address the risk of stroke. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk for stroke in FMF patients compared with the general population.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study using the electronic database of Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest health organization in Israel. All FMF patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 were included and matched with control according to age, gender and place of residence. Follow-up continued until the first diagnosis of stroke or death. The incidence of stroke was compared between the groups using univariate and multivariate models adjusting for cardiovascular risk-factors.

Results

A total of 9769 FMF patients and a similar number of controls were followed up for a median period of 12.5 years. The mean age at the beginning of the follow-up was 25.7 years. In total, 208 FMF patients were diagnosed with stroke compared with 148 controls, resulting in an incidence rate (per 10 000 persons-years) of 19.8 (95% CI 17.2, 22.7) and 13.9 (95% CI 11.8, 16.4), respectively, and a crude HR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.15–1.76; P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, FMF patients who developed amyloidosis with related or non-related renal failure demonstrated significant stroke risk (HR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.38, 3.38; P < 0.001), as well as for those who did not develop these complications (HR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.04, 1.67; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

FMF patients are at increased risk for stroke regardless of known complications.
Effects of late-season sheep grazing following early-season steer grazing on population dynamics of sericea lespedeza in the Kansas Flint Hills
Authors: Lemmon Jack E , Fick Walter H , Alexander Jonathan A , Gatson Garth A , Olson K C
Published: April 2023

Mature ewes were used in a 4-yr study to evaluate effects of intensive late-season sheep grazing on vigor of sericea lespedeza in native tallgrass prairie. Pastures (N = 8; 31 ± 3.6 ha) infested with sericea lespedeza (initial basal frequency = 1.4%) were assigned randomly to one of two treatments: early-season beef steer grazing (1.1 ha/steer; initial BW = 258 ± 34 kg) from April 15 to July 15 followed by no grazing for the rest of the year (control; STR) or steer grazing from April 15 to July 15 followed by intensive grazing by mature ewes (0.2 ha/ewe; SHP) from August 1 to October 1. Ewes (initial BW = 65 ± 3.1 kg) were assigned randomly to graze four of eight pastures; remaining pastures were not grazed from August 1 to October 1. Vegetation responses to treatment were measured along four permanent 100-m transects in each pasture. Herbivory on sericea lespedeza was monitored weekly in each pasture from July 21 to October 7. Herbivory on sericea lespedeza in SHP and STR after steer grazing and before sheep grazing was not different (P = 0.51). In contrast, sericea lespedeza herbivory following sheep grazing was greater (P < 0.01) in SHP than in STR. Herbivory of individual sericea plants was greater (P < 0.01) in SHP than in STR by the end of week 1 of the sheep-grazing period (10.6% vs. 0.5%); moreover, herbivory on sericea lespedeza steadily increased (P ≤ 0.01) such that 92.1% of sericea lespedeza plants were grazed in SHP compared to 1.4% in STR by week 8 of the sheep-grazing period. Whole-plant DM weight of sericea lespedeza at dormancy was less (P < 0.01) in SHP than in STR. Additionally, annual seed production by sericea lespedeza was less (P < 0.01) in SHP than in STR (114 vs. 864 seeds/plant). Pasture forage biomass was not different (P = 0.76) between SHP and STR after the steer-grazing period. Conversely, STR had more (P < 0.01) residual forage biomass than SHP at the end of the sheep-grazing period. Growth performance of beef steers grazing from April 15 to July 15 annually was not different (P ≥ 0.59) between treatments. Our results were interpreted to suggest that intensive late-season grazing by sheep decreased vigor of sericea lespedeza. Late-season sheep grazing decreased forage biomass by 904 kg DM/ha compared with late-season rest; however, residual biomass was adequate to prevent soil-moisture loss and erosion during the dormant season.
Evolutionary repeatability of emergent properties of ecological communities
Authors: Venkataram Sandeep , Kryazhimskiy Sergey
Published: April 2023

Most species belong to ecological communities where their interactions give rise to emergent community-level properties, such as diversity and productivity. Understanding and predicting how these properties change over time has been a major goal in ecology, with important practical implications for sustainability and human health. Less attention has been paid to the fact that community-level properties can also change because member species evolve. Yet, our ability to predict long-term eco-evolutionary dynamics hinges on how repeatably community-level properties change as a result of species evolution. Here, we review studies of evolution of both natural and experimental communities and make the case that community-level properties at least sometimes evolve repeatably. We discuss challenges faced in investigations of evolutionary repeatability. In particular, only a handful of studies enable us to quantify repeatability. We argue that quantifying repeatability at the community level is critical for approaching what we see as three major open questions in the field: (i) Is the observed degree of repeatability surprising? (ii) How is evolutionary repeatability at the community level related to repeatability at the level of traits of member species? (iii) What factors affect repeatability? We outline some theoretical and empirical approaches to addressing these questions. Advances in these directions will not only enrich our basic understanding of evolution and ecology but will also help us predict eco-evolutionary dynamics.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches to predicting evolutionary biology’.
Interaction between mutation type and gene pleiotropy drives parallel evolution in the laboratory
Authors: Ruelens Philip , Wynands Thomas , de Visser J. Arjan G. M.
Published: April 2023

What causes evolution to be repeatable is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Pleiotropy, i.e. the effect of an allele on multiple traits, is thought to enhance repeatability by constraining the number of available beneficial mutations. Additionally, pleiotropy may promote repeatability by allowing large fitness benefits of single mutations via adaptive combinations of phenotypic effects. Yet, this latter evolutionary potential may be reaped solely by specific types of mutations able to realize optimal combinations of phenotypic effects while avoiding the costs of pleiotropy. Here, we address the interaction of gene pleiotropy and mutation type on evolutionary repeatability in a meta-analysis of experimental evolution studies withEscherichia coli. We hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are principally able to yield large fitness benefits by targeting highly pleiotropic genes, whereas indels and structural variants (SVs) provide smaller benefits and are restricted to genes with lower pleiotropy. By using gene connectivity as proxy for pleiotropy, we show that non-disruptive SNPs in highly pleiotropic genes yield the largest fitness benefits, since they contribute more to parallel evolution, especially in large populations, than inactivating SNPs, indels and SVs. Our findings underscore the importance of considering genetic architecture together with mutation type for understanding evolutionary repeatability.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches to predicting evolutionary biology’.
Contributions of mutation and selection to regulatory variation: lessons from the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae TDH3
gene
Authors: Wittkopp Patricia J.
Published: April 2023

Heritable variation in gene expression is common within and among species and contributes to phenotypic diversity. Mutations affecting either
cis
- or
trans
-regulatory sequences controlling gene expression give rise to variation in gene expression, and natural selection acting on this variation causes some regulatory variants to persist in a population for longer than others. To understand how mutation and selection interact to produce the patterns of regulatory variation we see within and among species, my colleagues and I have been systematically determining the effects of new mutations on expression of the
TDH3
gene in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and comparing them to the effects of polymorphisms segregating within this species. We have also investigated the molecular mechanisms by which regulatory variants act. Over the past decade, this work has revealed properties of
cis
- and
trans
-regulatory mutations including their relative frequency, effects, dominance, pleiotropy and fitness consequences. Comparing these mutational effects to the effects of polymorphisms in natural populations, we have inferred selection acting on expression level, expression noise and phenotypic plasticity. Here, I summarize this body of work and synthesize its findings to make inferences not readily discernible from the individual studies alone.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches to predicting evolutionary biology’.
Identification of Iron Deficiency-Induced Chlorosis Tolerant Lines from Wild Rice Germplasm
Authors: Kumar Rahul
Published: April 2023

The cultivation of transplanted rice has led to depletion of groundwater levels in many parts of the world. Direct-seeded rice under aerobic conditions is an alternative production technology that requires much less water. However, under aerobic conditions, iron in the soil is oxidized from ferric to ferrous, which is not easily available for rice, resulting in iron deficiency-induced chlorosis (IDIC) and a drastic reduction in seed yield. Cultivated rice genotypes have limited variations for IDIC tolerance, therefore, wildOryzagermplasm could be a better source for IDIC tolerance. In this study, 313Oryzaaccessions were evaluated for IDIC tolerance at the tillering stage under aerobic conditions using IDIC rating, SPAD value, and iron content in leaves. Based on these parameters, twenty IDIC tolerant lines were selected. These 20 lines exhibited no chlorosis, high SPAD values, and iron content, while 8 cultivated controls showed mild to high chlorosis symptoms and low SPAD and iron content. In a subsequent year, the selected lines were evaluated again to confirm their tolerance, and they exhibited similar levels of tolerance. These accessions may be useful for developing IDIC-tolerant cultivars for aerobic rice cultivation, and future study to understand the molecular mechanism of IDIC tolerance in rice.
MOGAT: An Improved Multi-Omics Integration Framework Using Graph Attention Networks
Authors: Tanvir Raihanul Bari , Islam Md Mezbahul , Sobhan Masrur , Luo Dongsheng , Mondal Ananda Mohan
Published: April 2023

Integration of multi-omics data holds great promise for understanding the complex biology of diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and cancer. However, the integration is challenging due to the high dimensionality and complexity of the data. Traditional machine learning methods are not well-suited for handling the complex relationships between different types of omics data. Many models were proposed that utilize graph-based learning models to extract hidden representations and network structures from different omics data to enhance cancer prediction, patient categorization, etc. The existing graph neural network-based (GNN-based) multi-omics approaches for cancer subtype prediction have three shortcomings: (a) Do not consider all types of omics data, (b) Fail to determine the relative significance of the neighboring nodes (in this case, samples or patients) when it comes to downstream analyses, such as subtype classification, patient stratification, etc., and (c) Use the same approach for generating initial graphs for different omics data. To overcome these shortcomings, we present MOGAT, a novel multi-omics integration approach, leveraging a graph attention network (GAT) model that incorporates graph-based learning with an attention mechanism. MOGAT utilizes a multi-head attention mechanism that can more efficiently extract information for a specific sample by assigning unique attention coefficients to its neighboring samples. To evaluate the performance of MOGAT, we explored its capability via a case study of predicting breast cancer subtypes. Our results showed that MOGAT performs better than the state-of-the-art multi-omics integration approaches.
Developing a scale for psychological ownership in the tourism industry
Authors: Farzinfar Zohre , Konjkav Monfared Amirreza , Tabataba’i-Nasab Seyed Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The present study aims to identify the dimensions of destination psychological ownership (DPO) from tourists’ perspectives and to develop a reliable and valid measurement scale.

Design/methodology/approach

The mixed method has been applied in this study for the development of a scale to measure psychological ownership (PO) of tourists. The first stage includes identifying the PO dimensions of tourists toward the tourist destinations through in-depth interviews with experts (university professors, managers and experts in the tourism industry). Theme analysis was applied to analyze the data in this stage. A quantitative survey was conducted among tourists during the second stage. Accordingly, a questionnaire was designed and its reliability and validity were investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to examine the structural model and its validity.

Findings

The findings revealed that the DPO from tourists’ perspectives includes six dimensions for the sense of attachment, responsibility, the sense of trust, the sense of honor, the sense of gratification and self-identity toward tourist destinations. The validity of the conceptual model was confirmed according to the results of the quantitative section of the study.

Originality/value

The present study is one of the limited numbers of studies coping with PO, especially in the field of tourism, from the view of the consumer. The present study identifies the dimensions of the DPO of tourists and develops an instrument to measure them. Therefore, the developed questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure the DPO in future research.
Integrating animal behaviour into research on multiple environmental stressors: a conceptual framework
Authors: Lopez Laura K. , Gil Michael A. , Crowley Philip H. , Trimmer Pete C. , Munson Amelia , Ligocki Isaac Y. , Michelangeli Marcus , Sih Andrew
Published: April 2023

While a large body of research has focused on the physiological effects of multiple environmental stressors, how behavioural and life‐history plasticity mediate multiple‐stressor effects remains underexplored. Behavioural plasticity can not only drive organism‐level responses to stressors directly but can also mediate physiological responses. Here, we provide a conceptual framework incorporating four fundamental trade‐offs that explicitly link animal behaviour to life‐history‐based pathways for energy allocation, shaping the impact of multiple stressors on fitness. We first address how small‐scale behavioural changes can either mediate or drive conflicts between the effects of multiple stressors and alternative physiological responses. We then discuss how animal behaviour gives rise to three additional understudied and interrelated trade‐offs: balancing the benefits and risks of obtaining the energy needed to cope with stressors, allocation of energy between life‐history traits and stressor responses, and larger‐scale escape from stressors in space or time via large‐scale movement or dormancy. Finally, we outline how these trade‐offs interactively affect fitness and qualitative ecological outcomes resulting from multiple stressors. Our framework suggests that explicitly considering animal behaviour should enrich our mechanistic understanding of stressor effects, help explain extensive context dependence observed in these effects, and highlight promising avenues for future empirical and theoretical research.
Solubility and diffusivity of hydrogen and its isotopes in the BeO system
Authors: Riot Aurélien , Virot François , Connétable Damien
Published: April 2023

This work revisits hydrogen insertion in the wurtzite beryllium oxide in order to fill the gap in scientific knowledge regarding the diffusion coefficients of the different chemical states of hydrogen (neutral, charged, or molecular). Both first‐principle and macroscopic models were used to this end. In the former, two exchange‐correlation functionals (PBE and SCAN) were used to compute the properties of interest and accuracy was then discussed. Regarding the behavior of interstitial insertion of hydrogen, this work is slightly different from previous works; hydrogen was mainly found in the form of charged H− or H+ ions, depending on experimental conditions. In regard to diffusivity properties, a complex migration pathway was found for hydrogen cation. Finally, the present study succeeded in producing a reliable set of diffusion coefficients for neutral, charged, and molecular hydrogen.
Processes underlying the assembly of plant communities: The role of environmental filtering heterogeneity in a competition–dispersal experiment
Authors: Alfonsi Elsa , Benot Marie‐Lise , Alard Didier
Published: April 2023

Question

Interspecific competition and seed dispersal are key mechanisms that may influence plant community assembly, but their relative importance remains difficult to disentangle as they can be affected by abiotic conditions (environmental filtering). We experimentally studied the balance between these processes in a Molinia wet meadow plant community in which abiotic constraints are mostly represented by flooding, while agricultural practices such as mowing prevent the dominance of a few competitive species. We hypothesized that (H1) mowing, by decreasing competitive exclusion and (H2) seed addition, by increasing immigration, both enhance plant species diversity, and that (H3) small variations in flooding intensity become secondary to these processes in determining species assembly.

Location

French National Nature Reserve “Etang de Cousseau”, Nouvelle Aquitaine, France.

Methods

In a three‐year experiment, we added seeds of 17 species characteristic of Molinia wet meadows and managed above‐ground competition through mowing. We measured spatial variations in soil moisture as an indicator of the flooding regime. We recorded species relative cover, species richness and evenness annually, and measured light availability, linked with canopy openness, twice.

Results

From the beginning of the experiment, small‐scale variations in soil moisture mainly affected species richness, composition and evenness, and canopy openness. Mowing significantly increased light availability and evenness, and affected the relative cover of several species, but not species richness. The addition of seeds did not influence any of the variables monitored during the experiment.

Conclusion

Our study helps to disentangle processes underlying community assembly in wet meadows. It demonstrates significant and rapid effects of mowing on canopy opening and on community assembly, while seed addition had only a slight effect, possibly explained by an insufficient decrease in competitive interactions through mowing or unmeasured processes. It also shows that abiotic heterogeneity remains a primary driver of community assembly, even on a small scale. Finally, our results suggest that the respective weight of the different filters (dispersion, environment, competition) is subject to interannual variability or environmental stochasticity.
Assessing the Potential Growth of Iran’s Hospitals with Regard to the Sustainable Management of Medical Tourism
Authors: Wang Hong , Ghasemi Matina , Ghadiri Nejad Mazyar , Khandan A. S.
Published: April 2023

One of the fundamental areas of the tourism industry that has a significant impact on the economy of the host country is medical tourism. Many nations strive to establish a reputation both domestically and abroad. There is intense competition among nations to entice medical tourists, yet the motivating factors and purchasing patterns may be very different for different cultures. Healthcare decision-makers must employ efficient marketing strategies to secure a sustainable market share given the international rise of medical tourism. By interviewing the managers and patients of international hospitals, the current study aims to determine the potential growth of medical services with the idea of medical tourism in Iran. In addition, the basic indicators and significant categories are further distinguished by examining the key stakeholders and the perspectives of international patients toward medical tourism activities in Iran. To the best of our knowledge, the main emphasis in earlier studies was only on time, cost, and quality, although other indicators are needed for stakeholders to be investigated in this area. Despite Iran’s rich natural, historical, and cultural heritage, a long history of political unrest and conflicts between reformists and fundamentalists regarding the benefits of tourism has hurt the industry’s growth. The findings of this study, including the eight categories provided, make medical tourists aware of the cutting-edge technologies being used in the Iranian healthcare sector. It also includes tourist attractions that could be used in future research by employing multicriteria decision-making techniques to identify the most crucial ones for each nation.
Supplementary Table 2 from Identification of Genes Required for Protection from Doxorubicin by a Genome-Wide Screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Xia Ling , Jaafar Lahcen , Cashikar Anil , Flores-Rozas Hernan
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table 2 from Identification of Genes Required for Protection from Doxorubicin by a Genome-Wide Screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from ΔDNMT3B Variants Regulate DNA Methylation in a Promoter-Specific Manner
Authors: Wang Jie , Bhutani Manisha , Pathak Ashutosh K. , Lang Wenhua , Ren Hening , Jelinek Jaroslav , He Rong , Shen Lanlan , Issa Jean-Pierre , Mao Li
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figures 1-2 from ΔDNMT3B Variants Regulate DNA Methylation in a Promoter-Specific Manner
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cyclooxygenase-2 Transcription Is Regulated by Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins: Evidence of a Corepressor/Coactivator Exchange
Authors: Subbaramaiah Kotha , Dannenberg Andrew J.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 1 from Cyclooxygenase-2 Transcription Is Regulated by Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins: Evidence of a Corepressor/Coactivator Exchange
Supplementary Data 1-4 from Control of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer by the Cochaperone Small Glutamine–Rich Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing Protein α
Authors: Buchanan Grant , Ricciardelli Carmela , Harris Jonathan M. , Prescott Jennifer , Yu Zoe Chiao-Li , Jia Li , Butler Lisa M. , Marshall Villis R. , Scher Howard I. , Gerald William L. , Coetzee Gerhard A. , Tilley Wayne D.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Data 1-4 from Control of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer by the Cochaperone Small Glutamine–Rich Tetratricopeptide Repeat Containing Protein α
Supplementary Figure 2 from The p38 MAPK Pathway Mediates Aryl Propionic Acid–Induced Messenger RNA Stability of p75NTR in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Quann Emily J. , Khwaja Fatima , Djakiew Daniel
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure 2 from The p38 MAPK Pathway Mediates Aryl Propionic Acid–Induced Messenger RNA Stability of p75NTR in Prostate Cancer Cells
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-6, Table 1 from Overexpression of Eg5 Causes Genomic Instability and Tumor Formation in Mice
Authors: Castillo Andrew , Morse Herbert C. , Godfrey Virginia L. , Naeem Rizwan , Justice Monica J.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-6, Table 1 from Overexpression of Eg5 Causes Genomic Instability and Tumor Formation in Mice
Supplementary Legends 1-6 from Suppression of Proximal T Cell Receptor Signaling and Lytic Function in CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells
Authors: Monu Ngozi , Frey Alan B.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Legends 1-6 from Suppression of Proximal T Cell Receptor Signaling and Lytic Function in CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells