bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El único superhéroe que se arrastra: Textos Fabulosos
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Encalada-Vásquez Oswaldo
Published: May 2023

La colección: Textos fabulosos de Oswaldo Encalada Vásquez, es parte de la Línea Editorial Caja Mágica, creada por la Casa Editora de la Universidad del Azuay con el propósito de animar, difundir y fomentar la lectura y literatura ecuatoriana universal en niños y jóvenes. Las colecciones de literatura son libros que, entre otros propósitos, tienen la misión de formar lectores competentes. Estos libros son dispositivos para que el lector, ya sea en el aula o en el lugar que él lo creyere conveniente, disfrute de la magia de la literatura y a la vez ingrese al mundo de la cultura letrada. Aquí empieza la magia con El único superhéroe que se arrastra En el antiguo bosque de Jarislandia todos los vientos cuentan la historia de Robertín, el único superhéroe que se arrastra... 60 páginas ISBN: 978-9942-618-77-1 e-ISBN: 978-9942-618-78-8 ISBN de colección: 978-9942-618-76-4
El sueño de Noramar
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Encalada-Vásquez Oswaldo , Rubio Nicole ,   Universidad del Azuay, Ordóñez-Luna Franklin ,   Universidad del Azuay, Tripaldi-Proaño Toa ,   Universidad del Azuay
Published: May 2023

La colección: Textos fabulosos de Oswaldo Encalada Vásquez, es parte de la Línea Editorial Caja Mágica, creada por la Casa Editora de la Universidad del Azuay con el propósito de animar, difundir y fomentar la lectura y literatura ecuatoriana universal en niños y jóvenes. Las colecciones de literatura son libros que, entre otros propósitos, tienen la misión de formar lectores competentes. Estos libros son dispositivos para que el lector, ya sea en el aula o en el lugar que él lo creyere conveniente, disfrute de la magia de la literatura y a la vez ingrese al mundo de la cultura letrada. Aquí empieza la magia con El sueño de Noramar. Sintiendo la cercanía del sueño Noramar se acomodó sobre el costado derecho; pero en el mismo instante en que se quedaba inmóvil le llegó un sonido, se enredó en sus rizos negros y luego se descolgó ágilmente hasta el oído... 76 páginas ISBN: 978-9942-618-81-8 e- ISBN: 978-9942-618-82-5 ISBN de la colección: 978-9942-618-76-4
Pembelajaran plantae melalui pembelajaran reading, questioning, answering (RQA) dan reading, mapping, sharing (RMS)
Authors: Rizhal Hendi Ristanto  , Nadia ‘Aafiyah Wahyuasih  , Erna Heryanti
Published: May 2023

Tumbuhan (Plantae) sangat penting untuk dipelajari karena memiliki peranan dalam mendukung keberlangsungan makhluk hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran Reading, Questioning, Answering (RQA) dan Reading, Mapping, Sharing (RMS) terhadap penguasaan konsep Plantae. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasy Experiment jenis Non-equivalent pretest posttest Control Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas X MIPA SMA Islam Al-Azhar 4 Bekasi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara simple random sampling dan terpilih tiga kelas dengan jumlah 100 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal penguasaan konsep Plantae, lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, dan angket respon peserta didik. Kemampuan penguasaan konsep Plantae diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen tes penguasaan konsep Plantae berupa 50 soal pilihan ganda dengan 5 pilihan jawaban. Uji hipotesis dengan one way annova diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,160 yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran RQA dan RMS terhadap penguasaan konsep Plantae. Diharapkan adanya penelitian lanjutan pada pembelajaran RQA dan RMS pada materi Plantae terhadap aspek lain selain mengukur penguasaan konsep.
Analysis of Causative Disorders and Hearing Improvement in 100 Consecutive Stapes Surgeries
Authors: Lee Yun Ji , Lee Sang Hun , Yi Se Eun , Lee Dong Kyu , Ha Seung Cheol , Go Jun Yong , Park Hong Ju
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives Stapes surgery has been widely used to improve the conductive hearing loss caused by stapedial fixation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the causes of stapedial fixation using audiological results of 100 stapes surgeries.Subjects and Method We reviewed the medical records of 100 consecutive stapes surgeries between June 2011 and December 2022. A total of 100 ears from 86 patients were included and the patient age ranged from 6 to 80 years. Hearing improvements of pure-tone thresholds were defined as successful when air-bone gap (ABG) was reduced to 20 dB or less, and as excellent when ABG was reduced to within 10 dB.Results The causative diseases of stapedial fixation were otosclerosis (n=74, 74%), ossicular anomaly (n=19, 19%) and chronic otitis media (n=7, 7%). Overall, the pre-operative bone-conduction thresholds/air-conduction thresholds (BC/AC) thresholds were 32±14/58±18 dB HL and ABG were 26±11 dB while the postoperative BC/AC thresholds were 29±15/36±18 dB HL and ABG were 7±8 dB. The postoperative ABG was excellent in 77% and successful in 93%. The postoperative ABG was excellent in 82.4% and successful in 97.3% of otosclerosis, excellent in 78.9% and successful in 89.5% of ossicular anomaly, and excellent in 14.3% and successful in 57.2% for chronic otitis media. ABG significantly improved less in revision cases than in primary otosclerosis cases (p=0.006).Conclusion Stapes surgery is an effective method to improve hearing for various types of stapedial fixation. There was a difference in the degree of hearing improvement according to causative disorders.
A Case of Thyroid Abscess Following Ethanol Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Cho Heungrae , Ahn Dongbin , Kwak Ji Hye , Lee Gil Joon
Published: May 2023

Recently, non-surgical and minimally invasive treatments, including ethanol ablation (EA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), have been commonly used as primary treatments for benign thyroid nodules. While these techniques have been gaining popularity owing to their safety and effectiveness, they may involve various complications such as pain, voice change, and hematoma. A thyroid abscess following EA requiring surgical intervention is extremely rare and, to the best of our knowledge, has been reported only once to date. Herein, we present a case of a thyroid abscess following EA for a benign thyroid nodule that required surgical treatment. This complication is believed to be mediated by chemical necrosis and subsequent inflammatory reactions following EA rather than by bacterial infection. Head and neck surgeons should recognize the risk of thyroid abscess as a complication of EA.
Land use change in Dhaka City Corporation Area and its impact on transportation: A way forward towards integration into national policies
Authors: Roy Sumita , Parvez Mohammad Shahriyar , Das Anutosh
Published: May 2023

Land use and transport integration has been highlighted as one of the most important policy objectives considering the interrelationship between the two concepts and can be used as a means of planning through intervention. From the standpoint of revealing the interplay, the study's objective is to assess the land use change of Dhaka City Corporation Area and determine its impact on transportation to assist the national policymaking and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The methodology directed the determination of the land use change from 2010 to 2018, and then the consequent change in traffic flow while the necessary data in this regard were collected from secondary sources. The study shows that mixed-use development generates fewer trips. This is the study's finding in regard to integration among the national policies regarding land use and transport planning. This study is a methodological approach to analyse the impact of land use change on transportation and can be a role model for solving complex urban problems, e.g., traffic congestion by integrating the Land Use-Transport interaction. The study provides a background of the policymakers in their policymaking process, and an integrated policy will enable the nation to fulfil its Sustainable Development Goals.
Avaliação do conhecimento sobre a NBCAL por farmacêuticos e a promoção comercial ilegal de substitutos do leite materno em farmácias de uma cidade do interior do Paraná
Authors: Lima Juliane Fernandes de , Fariña Luciana Oliveira de , Simões Márcia Regina
Published: May 2023

Objetivos: monitorar a promoção comercial de substitutos do leite materno (com foco no composto lácteo) e avaliar o conhecimento de farmacêuticos acerca da NBCAL. Métodos: artigo transversal, realizado por meio de observação direta em farmácias e entrevistas via questionários estruturados com farmacêuticos de dispensação comercial, na cidade de Toledo/PR, com início em junho e término em novembro de 2021. Para análise de dados foi utilizado estatística descritiva. Resultados: 58% dos estabelecimentos farmacêuticos de Toledo infringem a NBCAL, sendo as infrações mais comuns àquelas relacionadas à falta de dizeres obrigatórios em substitutos do leite materno. As estratégias de promoção comercial ilegal mais comuns foram: desconto no preço, exposição especial, venda vinculada a outros produtos, prêmios e brindes. Nestle e Danone foram as empresas com maior número de infrações a Lei. O composto lácteo foi o produto com maior número de infrações relacionadas à promoção comercial. 50% dos farmacêuticos entrevistados desconhecem a NBCAL. Conclusões: é necessário investir em educação (da graduação até cursos de qualificação profissionais) para evitar o avanço do desmame e obesidade infantil, vinculados ao marketing abusivo de indústrias de substitutos do leite materno.
Complicações e intercorrências no preenchimento labial com ácido hialurônico
Authors: Gava Beatri , Suguihara Roberto Teruo , Muknicka Daniella Pilon
Published: May 2023

Com o avanço da medicina e cuidados com a saúde, a expectativa de vida aumentou consideravelmente. Assim prevenir, retardar e atenuar os sinais do envelhecimento se tornou inevitável. Os lábios estão em destaque na face e evidenciam a juventude quando estão hidratados e com volume.  Pacientes jovens, ainda sem perda de estrutura, buscam a modificação de características anatômicas em busca de lábios perfeitos. O preenchimento com ácido hialurônico (AH) é o procedimento mais indicado para este fim. Biocompatível, temporário é reversível e seguro quando realizado por profissional habilitado. O conhecimento da anatomia geral da face, do material de escolha e técnica adequada, se faz necessário para o profissional identificar, intervir e sanar as possíveis intercorrências. Esse trabalho faz uma revisão de literatura sobre as complicações e intercorrências ocasionadas pelo AH como preenchedores labial e seus tratamentos quando necessário. O objetivo deste parágrafo é introduzir a importância do preenchimento labial com ácido hialurônico (AH) como um procedimento estético popular para melhorar a aparência dos lábios. Destaca-se a relevância do conhecimento da anatomia facial, da técnica adequada e da escolha correta do material para evitar complicações e intercorrências.
DISCOURSES AND EPISTEMS AS CONTEXTS OF THE DISPERSION OF “NEWSPEAK” (BASED ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF M. FOUCAULT)
Authors:   Nizhny Tagil Branch of Russian State Pedagogical University, Nizhny Tagil, Russian Federation, OLESHKOVA ANNA
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the study. In this article, the philosophical concept of Michel Foucault, summarizing the main stages of his work (archaeological, genealogical, the period of aesthetics of existence), is extrapolated to the genesis and manifestation of “newspeak” - an ideological language that constructs socio-political reality and simultaneously interprets. Conclusions. The variety of author’s concepts presented in Foucault’s works should be considered interrelated. Foucault’s works (primarily “Words and things”, “The archaeology of knowledge”, “To supervise and punish”, “Intellectuals and power”, “The will to truth: Beyond knowledge, power and sexuality”) they became the basis for the development of the methodology and methodology of discourse studies. The stylistics and specifics of the examples cited by Foucault, his conceptual model can be used for the socio-philosophical understanding of “newspeak” through the concepts of “discourse”, “episteme”, “discursive practice”, “panopticon”, etc. Taking into account the development of the processes of informatization and medialization, “newspeak” should be interpreted in several dimensions (subcultural language, artificial language, ideological language, which Foucault’s conceptual approach can encompas.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND APPLICATION OPPORTUNITIES IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, KARATUEVA ELENA
Published: May 2023

Taking into account the current trends of digital transformation, artificial intelligence is becoming one of the most relevant and in-demand digital technologies, which is used to solve a wide range of tasks related to the practice of municipal management and the provision of municipal services. Artificial intelligence is becoming more and more in demand both in public administration and in the practice of organizing the work of local governments, in the development and implementation of plans for the effective use of municipal resources. The purpose of the study is to determine the main vectors of the introduction of artificial intelligence into the practice of municipal government bodies based on the analysis of existing experience of digital transformations. Research methods. A comparative analysis was used to study the experience of introducing digital artificial intelligence technology into municipal management. The structural and functional method is applied to determine the main vectors of the use of artificial intelligence in municipal management. The results of the study demonstrated practical examples of the use of artificial intelligence in the field of municipal administration and presented new opportunities for the introduction of artificial intelligence into the practice of local self-government in Russia. Conclusions. The implementation of the digital transformation of municipal government based on artificial intelligence will require serious efforts and financial investments. However, in the future, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in the work of municipal authorities and, ultimately, improve the quality of life of citizens.
SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF FAMILY ASSISTANCE IN AN UNSTABLE SOCIETY
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, KAMENEVA TATIANA ,   State University of Management, RAZOV PAVEL , SHICHGAFIZOV PIRMAGOMET
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the study. The article deals with the problems of developing new and correcting existing technologies for working with the family that meet the complicated conditions of modern society. The authors analyze the results of a sociological study devoted to the search for new forms of organization of assistance to families of various categories. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to develop new technologies for helping families based on the principles of targeting and complexity. Methods. The methodology of the study is based on a systematic approach to the technologies of working with the family, presented in the works of A.I. Pyanov, A.V. Kovalenko, T.G. Yaroslavtseva, L.V. Lazareva, N.S. Danakin. To verify the theoretical provisions of the article, a sociological study was conducted in December - November 2022 among the population aged 18 to 75 years (Kursk region N = 1644;; Moscow N = 1012). The study was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire, an online survey method (using Yandex.Forms). Conclusion. The authors propose a comprehensive approach to the technologies of working with the family, covering areas for the formation of behavioral practices that ensure the stability of the family as a small group to the action of risks and reduce the riskiness of the living space of modern Russian families.
ON SOME ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF REFORMING RUSSIAN HIGHER EDUCATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors:   Moscow Regional Branch of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot, Moscow, Russian Federation, BASHLUEVA NATALIA , LEVITSKAYA ELIZAVETA , SMIRNOVA LADA
Published: May 2023

The object of the research is the peculiarities of the latter-day reforms of Russian higher school that over the past two decades has gone through a serious transformation. The purpose of the paper is to analyze some issues of the performed changes, public experts’ proposals, and after reviewing theoretical and methodological studies of Russian and foreign scientists, some other countries’ experience of higher education reforming, the officially offered variant of modernization to substantiate the hypothesis that the maintenance of multi-level higher education in Russia will require to rethink profoundly the role of baccalaureate, specialty and magistracy in the higher educational process and to set up a unique modern based on the unified competence structure training system of both specialists with higher education and research staff. The paper examines the necessity of taking into account both the character of traditions and obvious advantages of Russian, including Soviet, education, and foreign positive operational experience. During the work the comparative method of historical analysis and system contingency approach were used. It was concluded that setting up an independent system of Russian higher education is primary at present.
SOCIOPOLITICAL VIEWS OF LUDWIG FEUERBACH
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, ZUBOV VADIM
Published: May 2023

In the proposed publication the author, based on the methodology of analysis, the comparative philosophical method, as well as the methods of literal, conceptual and contextual interpretation of philosophical works, considers the problem of finding a materialistic component in the sociopolitical views of Ludwig Feuerbach. Comprehending the contribution of L. Feuerbach to the dialectical-materialistic method of cognition of reality, widely used in modern social science, the author establishes that the thinker had a significant impact on the formation of the philosophical component of Marxist theory, in line with which for the first time it was possible to synthesize the dialectic of the absolute with materialistic anthropology. The disclosure of the historical and philosophical context of the origin of the views of L. Feuerbach is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the works of Immanuel Kant (a priori philosophy), Johann Gottlieb Fichte (the philosophy of the supersubject), Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (the philosophy of the identical Absolute), Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (the dialectic of the absolute idea). Based on the results of such an analysis, it is concluded that Feuerbach, being a materialist philosopher, overcame the idealistic views of Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, but he managed to draw and develop many components from their views (first of all, the dialectical method and the optimistic perception of human entities). Analyzing in detail the sociopolitical ideas of L. Feuerbach in terms of materialistic anthropology, the chanting of the “religion of man” and the apology of freedom, the author establishes that Feuerbach was able to extend the materialistic approach as such to the study of man, social relations, religion, politics and the state. In conclusion, it is deduced that Feuerbach’s belonging to the number of materialist philosophers who extended the materialistic approach not only to nature, but also to society, directly depends on how to understand the essence of materialism: from the standpoint of Marxist reductionism or from the standpoint of interpreting materialism as a study objective reality.
STUDY ON THE LEGAL ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION INSTITUTION SETTLING IN CHINA
Authors:   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China, REN YANYAN , QIAN YIQING
Published: May 2023

The international arbitration institutions settling in China is not only the need of building an attractive arbitration seat in China, but also the need of facilitating dispute settlement between Chinese and foreign parties, promoting the development of arbitration institutions and serving international trade and investment. Due to China's previous legislative and judicial practices, international arbitration institutions are faced with difficulties such as uncertain institutional identification, limited business scope and unclear award recognition and enforcement. However, as China's ascension arbitration credibility construction, China is taking active measures in judicial, administrative and legislative aspect to clarify the legal status of international arbitration institutions, broaden the business scope, promote the validity of arbitration agreement determination, and clear the nationality of arbitration award to recognition and enforcement. These positive measures demonstrate China's friendly attitude of vigorously supporting arbitration, and create a good prospect for international arbitration institutions in China.
A STUDY ON THE «ONE-STOP» DIVERSIFIED INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION PLATFORM OF THE CICC IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE
Authors:   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China, SHI JIANPING , WU XINRU
Published: May 2023

China has proposed to establish a «One-Stop» diversified international commercial dispute resolution platform (hereinafter «One-Stop» platform) in the CICC that effectively combines litigation, mediation and arbitration, which is one of the innovative measures of the CICC. However, the mechanism to effectively combine these three dispute resolution methods in the «One-Stop» platform is insufficient, the international expert committee has not been able to fully play its role, and there are difficulties in the recognition and enforcement of settlement agreements, arbitration awards, and court judgments after dispute resolution. In response to the above problems, the procedural mechanism of the «One-Stop» platform should be improved, the duties of the expert committee should be clarified, and China should consider introducing more diversified international treaties and improving domestic legislation so that the operation of the «One-Stop» dispute resolution platform can be supported by law. With such legal support, the operation of the «One-Stop» platform can provide public legal service products that are more in line with international needs.
ON NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY METАMORPHOSES AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA AND THE WORLD COMMUNITY
Authors:   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, BULGAKOVA MARINA
Published: May 2023

The article presents a brief description of approaches to determining national economic security in Russia and abroad with an emphasis on the ongoing economic and political transformations both within and outside the considered states. The use of economic leverage under the threat of the use of weapons, which is the basis of the «unipolar world», broadcast by the United States of America, was noted, as a counterweight to which it was proposed to broadcast the thesis: «Live like a Human», which characterizes the totality of national interests of the Russian Federation in modern conditions of development of the world community.
DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND MAIN PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA: LEGAL ASPECT
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, BATTAKHOV PETR , OVCHINNIKOVA YULIA
Published: May 2023

The article examines the legal regulation of social entrepreneurship as an independent institution of entrepreneurial law in modern Russia. The development trends, the meaning and functions of social entrepreneurship are analyzed. Social entrepreneurship is differentiated from other related institutions. The purpose and special role of social entrepreneurship for the Russian economy at the present stage are indicated. The special importance of social entrepreneurship for solving social problems is noted. It is argued that social entrepreneurship is a new type of entrepreneurial activity in the Russian Federation. At the same time, the main objectives of the activities of social enterprises in modern Russia and those problems of socio-economic development that can potentially be solved through social entrepreneurship are named. The article highlights the features of this type of entrepreneurial activity. The problems of enterprises in obtaining social status are indicated, ways of their solution are indicated. Proposals have been put forward to introduce appropriate amendments to the current legislation in order to improve law enforcement in the field of social entrepreneurship. Conclusions The status of a social enterprise is controversial. At this stage, there are many contradictions in the legislation of the Russian Federation in the regulation of social enterprises. Including for this reason, the status of social enterprises is uncertain, this situation leads to the formation of contradictory law enforcement practices.
REPRESENTASI NILAI AKHLAKUL KARIMAH DALAM SERI MENELADANI SIFAT DAN KARAKTER RASULLULLAH
Authors: Rahmi Awliya
Published: May 2023

This study aims to explain the nature and character of the Holy Prophetsa as narrated in the series Children's Books Exemplifying the Nature and Character of the Prophet published by Ziyadbooks. This research method is carried out with a qualitative approach by applying the content analysis method. The results of the analysis show that to achieve the purpose of conveying the nature and character of the Holy Prophetsa to children, the narrative used in this book is in the form of short and simple sentences. The form of narration used to explain the nature and character of the Holy Prophet in this book is in the form of descriptive and dialogue. Based on this, it can be concluded that the age and cognitive development of children as readers are the main considerations in the selection of vocabulary and sentence construction used in this book.
Rearing laying hens: the effect of aviary design and genetic strain on pullet exercise and perching behavior
Authors: Rentsch Ana K. , Harlander Alexandra , Siegford Janice M. , Vitienes Isabela , Willie Bettina M. , Widowski Tina M.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

To prepare laying hens for life in cage-free aviaries, they must be reared in aviaries that accustom them to the challenges of navigating a complex three-dimensional structure. Rearing aviaries vary in design and contain a brooding compartment in which chicks are confined during the first six weeks of age. These compartments vary greatly in their size and complexity. The present study aimed to examine the impact of environmental complexity during early life and birds’ genetic strain on their space use and forms/types of exercise.

Methods

Four consecutive flocks of brown and white chicks were raised in three styles of rearing aviary with low, intermediate, or high complexity. Behavioral observations were performed at three ages during the brooding phase (weeks 1, 3, and 5) and the open phase when the brooding compartments were opened (weeks 7, 11, and 17). Behaviors observed were categorized as aerial locomotion, perching, dynamic load-bearing behavior (DLB), and wing-involved load-bearing behavior (WLB).

Results

During the brooding phase, chicks in aviaries of high complexity exercised most frequently (e.g., DLB events/minute: 1.75 in High vs 1.11 in Mid and 0.10 in Low, p<0.0001), and the effect remained for whites, but not the browns, during the open phase. White pullets exercised more than brown pullets both in brooding (e.g., 1.47 vs 1.28 DLB events/minute, p<0.0001) and open phases in High and Mid (e.g., 1.17 vs 0.93 DLB events/minute, housing x stain interaction p=0.009). Throughout rearing, whites had higher odds of perching than browns (brooding: 0.52 vs 0.45, p=0.04, open: 0.27 vs 0.17, p=0.0007).

Discussion

We concluded that rearing aviary design can affect behavior during the brooding phase; however, once the brooding compartments were opened, housing differences almost exclusively affected white pullets. The data suggest that genetic strain of birds must be considered in the design of pullet housing with the goal of maximizing space use and musculoskeletal development of laying hen pullets.
m6A reader proteins: the executive factors in modulating viral replication and host immune response
Authors: Yang Decheng , Zhao Guangze , Zhang Huifang Mary
Published: May 2023

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most abundant covalent modification of RNA. It is a reversible and dynamic process induced by various cellular stresses including viral infection. Many m6A methylations have been discovered, including on the genome of RNA viruses and on RNA transcripts of DNA viruses, and these methylations play a positive or negative role on the viral life cycle depending on the viral species. The m6A machinery, including the writer, eraser, and reader proteins, achieves its gene regulatory role by functioning in an orchestrated manner. Notably, data suggest that the biological effects of m6A on target mRNAs predominantly depend on the recognition and binding of different m6A readers. These readers include, but are not limited to, the YT521-B homology (YTH) domain family, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (HNRNPs), insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs), and many others discovered recently. Indeed, m6A readers have been recognized not only as regulators of RNA metabolism but also as participants in a variety of biological processes, although some of these reported roles are still controversial. Here, we will summarize the recent advances in the discovery, classification, and functional characterization of m6A reader proteins, particularly focusing on their roles and mechanisms of action in RNA metabolism, gene expression, and viral replication. In addition, we also briefly discuss the m6A-associated host immune responses in viral infection.
Salmonella Enteritidis activates inflammatory storm via SPI-1 and SPI-2 to promote intracellular proliferation and bacterial virulence
Authors: Xiong Dan , Song Li , Chen Yushan , Jiao Xinan , Pan Zhiming
Published: May 2023

Salmonella Enteritidis is an important intracellular pathogen, which can cause gastroenteritis in humans and animals and threaten life and health. S. Enteritidis proliferates in host macrophages to establish systemic infection. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1) and SPI-2 to S. Enteritidis virulence in vitro and in vivo, as well as the host inflammatory pathways affected by SPI-1 and SPI-2. Our results show that S. Enteritidis SPI-1 and SPI-2 contributed to bacterial invasion and proliferation in RAW264.7 macrophages, and induced cytotoxicity and cellular apoptosis of these cells. S. Enteritidis infection induced multiple inflammatory responses, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK-mediated) and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcript (STAT) (STAT2-mediated) pathways. Both SPI-1 and SPI-2 were necessary to induce robust inflammatory responses and ERK/STAT2 phosphorylation in macrophages. In a mouse infection model, both SPIs, especially SPI-2, resulted in significant production of inflammatory cytokines and various interferon-stimulated genes in the liver and spleen. Activation of the ERK- and STAT2-mediated cytokine storm was largely affected by SPI-2. S. Enteritidis ΔSPI-1-infected mice displayed moderate histopathological damage and drastically reduced bacterial loads in tissues, whereas only slight damage and no bacteria were observed in ΔSPI-2- and ΔSPI-1/SPI-2-infected mice. A survival assay showed that ΔSPI-1 mutant mice maintained a medium level of virulence, while SPI-2 plays a decisive role in bacterial virulence. Collectively, our findings indicate that both SPIs, especially SPI-2, profoundly contributed to S. Enteritidis intracellular localization and virulence by activating multiple inflammatory pathways.
Targeted and non-targeted proteomics to characterize the parasite proteins of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes
Authors: Müller Joachim , Preza Matías , Kaethner Marc , Rufener Reto , Braga Sophie , Uldry Anne-Christine , Heller Manfred , Lundström-Stadelmann Britta
Published: May 2023

The larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis. To investigate the biology of these stages and to test novel compounds, metacestode cultures represent a suitable in vitro model system. These metacestodes are vesicles surrounded by an envelope formed by the vesicle tissue (VT), which is formed by the laminated and germinal layer, and filled with vesicle fluid (VF). We analyzed the proteome of VF and VT by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified a total of 2,954 parasite proteins. The most abundant protein in VT was the expressed conserved protein encoded by EmuJ_000412500, followed by the antigen B subunit AgB8/3a encoded by EmuJ_000381500 and Endophilin B1 (protein p29). In VF, the pattern was different and dominated by AgB subunits. The most abundant protein was the AgB8/3a subunit followed by three other AgB subunits. In total, the AgB subunits detected in VF represented 62.1% of the parasite proteins. In culture media (CM), 63 E. multilocularis proteins were detected, of which AgB subunits made up 93.7% of the detected parasite proteins. All AgB subunits detected in VF (encoded by EmuJ_000381100–700, corresponding to AgB8/2, AgB8/1, AgB8/4, AgB8/3a, AgB8/3b, and AgB8/3c) were also found in CM, except the subunit encoded by EmuJ_000381800 (AgB8/5) that was very rare in VF and not detected in CM. The relative abundance of the AgB subunits in VF and CM followed the same pattern. In VT, only the subunits EmuJ_000381500 (AgB8/3a) and EmuJ_000381200 (AgB8/1) were detected among the 20 most abundant proteins. To see whether this pattern was specific to VF from in vitro cultured metacestodes, we analyzed the proteome of VF from metacestodes grown in a mouse model. Here, the AgB subunits encoded by EmuJ_000381100–700 constituted the most abundant proteins, namely, 81.9% of total protein, with the same order of abundance as in vitro. Immunofluorescence on metacestodes showed that AgB is co-localized to calcareous corpuscles of E. multilocularis. Using targeted proteomics with HA-tagged EmuJ_000381200 (AgB8/1) and EmuJ_000381100 (AgB8/2), we could show that uptake of AgB subunits from CM into VF occurs within hours.
Sialidase facilitates Porphyromonas gingivalis immune evasion by reducing M1 polarization, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis of infected macrophages
Authors: Fan Xiaomiao , Zheng Shaowen , Chen Chen , Lin Li , Wang Hongyan , Shen Yuqin , Pan Yaping , Li Chen
Published: May 2023

Background

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major pathogen of periodontitis, can evade host immune defenses. Previously, we found that P. gingivalis W83 sialidase gene mutant strain (ΔPG0352) was more easily cleared by macrophages. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of sialidase in P. gingivalis on the polarization, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis of infected macrophages and to clarify the mechanism of P. gingivalis immune evasion.

Methods

Human monocytes U937 were differentiated to macrophages and infected with P. gingivalis W83, ΔPG0352, comΔPG0352, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The phagocytosis of macrophages was observed by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. ELISA or Griess reaction were used to examine the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and the expressions of CD68, CD80 and CD206 were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II) was detected by immunofluorescence. A rat periodontitis model was established to determine the M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages.

Results

Compare with P. gingivalis W83, ΔPG0352 increased the levels of IL-12, iNOS, CD80, and MHC-II and inhibited the levels of IL-10 and CD206. Macrophages phagocytosed 75.4% of ΔPG0352 and 59.5% of P. gingivalis W83. In the rat periodontitis model, the levels of M1 and M2 macrophages in P. gingivalis W83 group were both higher than those in ΔPG0352 group, while the ratio of M1/M2 was higher in the ΔPG0352 group. Alveolar bone absorption was lower in ΔPG0352 group.

Conclusion

Sialidase facilitates P. gingivalis immune evasion by reducing M1 polarization, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis of infected macrophages.
Identification of high-risk factors associated with mortality at 1-, 3-, and 5-year intervals in gastric cancer patients undergoing radical surgery and immunotherapy: an 8-year multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wang Lanyu , Du Wenyi , Huang Yukang , Guo Yi , Song Chen , Tian Zhiqiang , Niu Sen , Xie Jiaheng , Liu Jinhui , Cheng Chao , Shen Wei
Published: May 2023

Background

Combining immunotherapy with surgical intervention is a prevailing and radical therapeutic strategy for individuals afflicted with gastric carcinoma; nonetheless, certain patients exhibit unfavorable prognoses even subsequent to this treatment regimen. This research endeavors to devise a machine learning algorithm to recognize risk factors with a high probability of inducing mortality among patients diagnosed with gastric cancer, both prior to and during their course of treatment.

Methods

Within the purview of this investigation, a cohort of 1015 individuals with gastric cancer were incorporated, and 39 variables encompassing diverse features were recorded. To construct the models, we employed three distinct machine learning algorithms, specifically extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN). The models were subjected to internal validation through employment of the k-fold cross-validation technique, and subsequently, an external dataset was utilized to externally validate the models.

Results

In comparison to other machine learning algorithms employed, the XGBoost algorithm demonstrated superior predictive capacity regarding the risk factors that affect mortality after combination therapy in gastric cancer patients for a duration of one year, three years, and five years posttreatment. The common risk factors that significantly impacted patient survival during the aforementioned time intervals were identified as advanced age, tumor invasion, tumor lymph node metastasis, tumor peripheral nerve invasion (PNI), multiple tumors, tumor size, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) level, carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) level, and H. pylori infection.

Conclusion

The XGBoost algorithm can assist clinicians in identifying pivotal prognostic factors that are of clinical significance and can contribute toward individualized patient monitoring and management.
Long-Term Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: An Utstein-Based Analysis
Authors: Baldi Enrico , Compagnoni Sara , Buratti Stefano , Primi Roberto , Bendotti Sara , Currao Alessia , Gentile Francesca Romana , Sechi Giuseppe Maria , Mare Claudio , Bertona Roberta , Raimondi Cominesi Irene , Taravelli Erika , Fava Cristian , Danzi Gian Battista , Oltrona Visconti Luigi , Savastano Simone ,   all the Lombardia CARe Researchers
Published: May 2023

Background: No data are available regarding long-term survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients based on different Utstein subgroups, which are expected to significantly differ in terms of survival. We aimed to provide the first long-term survival analysis of OHCA patients divided according to Utstein categories.

Methods: We analyzed all the 4,924 OHCA cases prospectively enrolled in the Lombardia Cardiac Arrest Registry (Lombardia CARe) from 2015 to 2019. Pre-hospital data, survival, and cerebral performance category score (CPC) at 1, 6, and 12 months and then every year up to 5 years after the event were analyzed for each patient.

Results: A decrease in survival was observed during the follow-up in all the Utstein categories. The risk of death of the “all-EMS treated” group exceeded the general population for all the years of follow-up with standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of 23 (95%CI, 16.8–30.2), 6.8 (95%CI, 3.8–10.7), 3.8 (95%CI, 1.7–6.7), 4.05 (95%CI, 1.9–6.9), and 2.6 (95%CI, 1.03–4.8) from the first to the fifth year of follow-up. The risk of death was higher also for the Utstein categories “shockable bystander witnessed” and “shockable bystander CPR”: SMRs of 19.4 (95%CI, 11.3–29.8) and 19.4 (95%CI, 10.8–30.6) for the first year and of 6.8 (95%CI, 6.6–13) and 8.1 (95%CI, 3.1–15.3) for the second one, respectively. Similar results were observed considering the patients discharged with a CPC of 1–2.

Conclusions: The mortality of OHCA patients discharged alive from the hospital is higher than the Italian standard population, also considering those with the most favorable OHCA characteristics and those discharged with good neurological outcome. Long-term follow-up should be included in the next Utstein-style revision.
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation—Coronary Vascular Dysfunction (WISE-CVD) project
Authors: Chen Melanie T. , Chang Joseph , Manchanda Ashley S. , Cook-Wiens Galen , Shufelt Chrisandra L. , Anderson R. David , Petersen John W. , Naik Dhaval R. , Thomson Louise E. J. , Berman Daniel S. , Handberg Eileen M. , Pepine Carl J. , Bairey Merz C. Noel , Wei Janet
Published: May 2023

Background

While autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) have been linked with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), the relationship between ARD and CMD in women with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive arteries (INOCA) are not well described. We hypothesized that among women with CMD, those with ARD history have greater angina, functional limitations, and myocardial perfusion compromise compared to those without ARD history.

Methods

Women with INOCA and confirmed CMD by invasive coronary function testing were included from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation-Coronary Vascular Dysfunction (WISE-CVD) project (NCT00832702). Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), and cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) were collected at baseline. Chart review was performed to confirm self-reported ARD diagnosis.

Results

Of the 207 women with CMD, 19 (9%) had a confirmed history of ARD. Compared to those without ARD, women with ARD were younger (p = 0.04). In addition, they had lower DASI-estimated metabolic equivalents (p = 0.03) and lower MPRI (p = 0.008) but similar SAQ scores. There was a trend towards increased nocturnal angina and stress-induced angina in those with ARD (p = 0.05 for both). Invasive coronary function variables were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions

Among women with CMD, women with a history of ARD had lower functional status and worse myocardial perfusion reserve compared to women without ARD. Angina-related health status and invasive coronary function were not significantly different between groups. Further studies are warranted to understand mechanisms contributing to CMD among women with ARDs with INOCA.
Mindfulness-based stress reduction combined with early cardiac rehabilitation improves negative mood states and cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction assisted with an intra-aortic balloon pump: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Kemei , Wan Miaomiao , Zhou Huiqin , Li Cui , Zhou Xiaomin , Li E. , Li Ying , Liu Chengwei , Liu Li
Published: May 2023

Objective

To investigate the clinical effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention combined with early cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) assisted with an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).

Methods

A total of 100 AMI patients with IABP assistance due to hemodynamic instability at Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into two groups using the random number table method (n = 50 each group). Patients receiving routine CR were assigned to the CR control group, while patients receiving MBSR plus CR were assigned to the MBSR intervention group. The intervention was performed twice a day until the removal of the IABP (5–7 days). Each patient's level of anxiety/depression and negative mood state were evaluated before and after intervention using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and profiles of mood state scale (POMS). The results of the control and intervention groups were compared. IABP-related complications and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), measured with echocardiography, were also assessed and compared between the two groups.

Results

The SAS, SDS, and POMS scores were lower in the MBSR intervention group than in the CR control group (P < 0.05). There were also less IABP-related complications in the MBSR intervention group. LVEF was significantly improved in both groups, but the degree of LVEF improvement was more significant in the MBSR intervention group than in the CR control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

MBSR combined with early CR intervention can assist in alleviating anxiety, depression, and other negative mood states, reduce IABP-related complications, and further improve cardiac function in AMI patients with IABP assistance.
Case report: A fatal case of myocardial infarction due to myocardial bridge and concomitant vasospasm: the role of stress gated SPECT
Authors: Oh Seok , Hyun Dae Young , Cho Sang-Geon , Hong Young Joon , Kim Ju Han , Ahn Youngkeun , Jeong Myung Ho
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Although most cases of myocardial bridge (MB) are clinically benign, sometimes it can be one of potential threats of myocardial infarction (MI) and life-threatening arrhythmia. In the present study, we present a case of ST-segment elevation MI caused by MB and concomitant vasospasm.

Case Presentation

A 52-year-old woman was brought to our tertiary hospital due to resuscitated cardiac arrest. Because the 12-lead electrocardiogram indicated ST-segment elevation MI, coronary angiogram was promptly commenced, which showed near-total occlusion at the middle portion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). After intracoronary nitroglycerin administration, this occlusion was dramatically relieved, however, systolic compression at this site remained, indicative of myocardial bridge (MB). Intravascular ultrasound also showed eccentric compression with a “half-moon” sign, which is consistent with MB. Coronary computed tomography also showed a bridged coronary segment surrounded by myocardium at the middle portion of LAD. To assess the severity and extent of myocardial damages and ischemia, myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was additionally conducted, showing a moderate fixed perfusion defect around the cardiac apex, suggesting MI. After receiving optimal medical therapy, the patient's clinical symptoms and signs were improved then the patient was discharged from the hospital successfully and uneventfully.

Conclusion

We demonstrated a case of MB-induced ST-segment elevation MI which was confirmed with its perfusion defects via myocardial perfusion SPECT. There have been proposed a number of diagnostic modalities to examine its anatomic and physiologic significance. Among them, myocardial perfusion SPECT can be available as one of useful modalities to evaluate the severity and extent of myocardial ischemia in patients with MB.