bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Surface Tension for Mineral and Crude Oil Systems
Authors: Busahmin B. , Maini B.B.
Published: February 2019

For the most part, Surface tension is relying upon the force adjusted on a drop that is pending or hanging and inevitably is disengaged. Surfaces of fluids normally covered with what goes about as a tiny film. In spite of the fact that this evident film has little quality, it nevertheless acts like a thin membrane and resists being broken. This accepted to be the reason for the attractive forces between the atoms inside a given framework. All atoms are pulled in one to the next in extent to the result of their masses and conversely as the squares of the separation between them. Surface tension for both mineral and oil crude systems is investigated and the value was recorded. In addition, this value for mineral oil system showed higher value than foamy crude oil system, whereas foamy oil saturated methane crude oil system showed lower value than foamy oil saturated methane mineral oil. Surface tension in its general form is believed to have a significant feature in reservoir engineering calculations as well as in further studies related to improved oil production and in designing enhanced oil recovery plans. Moreover, CH4, C2H6 and CO2 oil systems investigated for the initial production, drawdown experiments. After the investigation, the behaviour is identical for almost one-day and two-days.
The Speedup of the Calculation of Heat Transfer Parameters in Thermal Insulation Coating Experiments
Authors: Kopčok Michal , Jurči Milan , Pavlendová Gabriela , Šín Peter
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a quick calculation procedure to solve the heat transfer problem in some specific experimental arrangements. A brief overview of our previous efforts related to this topic is found in [1][2]. The goal of our effort is to quantify the thermal properties of insulation coatings applied to concrete material. We mostly deal with the computational aspects of thermal properties’ determination process. The proposed calculation approach is based on restricting the calculation to the first four members of the Fourier decomposition of the heat transfer partial differential equation’s solution. The reason for such a level of restrictions is given. The approach to the problem of deciding on the sufficient number of Fourier series’ members is indicated [3]. The effecting speedup is of three order of magnitude. Simplified formulas allowing the quick calculation of estimated values of material parameters are derived. The outline of an even quicker calculation procedure is described in a simplified manner.
Solidification of Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy: Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Carvalho L. Cordeiro , de Lima A.G. Barbosa , Duarte R.N. Calazans , Moreira G. , de Brito M.K. Teixeira , Araújo de Queiroz R.
Published: February 2019

The shape memory alloys have been used in the most different sectors such as aerospace, automotive and biomedical due to their ability to return to their original shape when subjected to high temperatures.Modeling and numerical simulation have become great allies in engineering due to the possibility of solving complex problems, especially in cases where experimental research is limited. In the present study, a two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to describe the solidification process of a Ni-Ti alloy in a stainless-steel metal mold sand-confined. It was considered the flow of a refrigerant (air) in the top of the mold. The energy conservation equation, including the phase change term, was discretized using finite volume method (FVM) and a fully implicit formulation. Results of the Ni-Ti alloy and mold temperature distributions over time are presented and analyzed.
Research of Titaniferous Ores Melting and Properties of Cast Iron and Slag
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey N. , Petukhov R.V. , Vitkina G.Yu. , Vyaznikova E.A.
Published: February 2019

Questions of melting of iron ore and raw materials with receipt of cast iron and slag are considered in vitro. The chemical composition of cast iron of slag is studied in vitro. The viscosity of slag is researched. Object of research - titaniferous ores with various contents of titan dioxide. The technical and economic indicators of a blast furnace melting an agglomerate and pellets (a consumption of coke and productivity, a chemical composition of cast iron and slag) received from a concentrate of the Kachkanarsky deposit are calculated. The technique of scientific research is used [1].
The Quantum Effect on Mass Transfer in the Surface Layer in Stressed Solids
Authors: Khon Y.A. , Zapolsky Helena , Kulkova Svetlana E. , Bakulin A.V. , Ponomarev A.N. , Bobenko N.G.
Published: February 2019

It has been shown that the plane surface of a stressed solid can become morphologically unstable relative to the perturbations of the electron density. The above instability is referred to as dynamic and evolves under the relaxation mechanism determined by the electron-electron interaction. The development of the dynamic instability is accompanied by the formation of a dynamic pattern differing from that which is formed under elastic-diffusion instability. To describe the dynamic pattern, a method has been proposed which takes into account the dynamic displacements of the atoms caused by a change in the interatomic interaction during the electron density redistribution. The origin of the different types of the pattern earlier observed experimentally on the free surface of the stressed solids has been explained. The dynamic displacements of the atoms have been shown to stimulate the diffusion mass transfer resulting in a change of the value and the sign of the diffusion coefficient.
Dissolution of Al 6%wt c Mixture Using Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Dabouz R. , Bendoumia Meriem , Belaid Lounes , Azzaz Mohamed
Published: February 2019

In the equilibrium processing methods the system Al-C does not show any solid solubility which means that carbon is not soluble in aluminum. In this work an investigation of mechanical alloying on system Al-C was presented to force the dissolution. Using different techniques such as the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was proved the force of dissolution by studying the specters for different milling time and by flowing the evolution during annealing into a DSC. Furthermore, morphology of phases has been studied.
A Flexible Supervised Term-Weighting Technique and its Application to Variable Extraction and Information Retrieval
Authors: Maisonnave Mariano , Delbianco Fernando , Tohmé Fernando Abel , Maguitman Ana Gabriela
Published: February 2019

Successful modeling and prediction depend on effective methods for the extraction of domain-relevant variables.  This paper proposes a methodology for identifying domain-specific terms. The proposed methodology relies on a collection of documents labeled as relevant or irrelevant to the domain under analysis. Based on the labeled document collection, we propose a supervised technique that weights terms based on their descriptive and discriminating power. Finally, the descriptive and discriminating values are combined into a general measure that, through the use of an adjustable parameter, allows to independently favor different aspects of  retrieval such as maximizing precision or recall, or achieving a balance between both of them. The proposed technique is applied to the economic domain and is empirically evaluated through a human-subject experiment involving experts and non-experts in Economy. It is also evaluated as a term-weighting technique for query-term selection showing promising results. We finally illustrate the applicability of the proposed technique to address diverse problems such as building prediction models, supporting knowledge modeling, and achieving total recall.
Обобщенная схема размещения с заполнениями ячеек из заданного конечного множества
Authors: Timashev Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Published: February 2019

Рассматривается обобщенная схема размещения $n$ частиц (элементов) по неупорядоченным ячейкам (компонентам) при условии, что числа частиц в каждой ячейке принимают значения из фиксированного конечного множества $A$ целых положительных чисел. Получены новые асимптотические оценки для общего числа $I_n(A)$ способов размещения $n$ частиц при $n\to\infty$, справедливые при некоторых дополнительных ограничениях на выбор множества $A$ и выражающие величину $I_n(A)$ в явном виде (с точностью до эквивалентности). Приводятся примеры комбинаторно-вероятностного характера, иллюстрирующие определяемые понятия и доказанные утверждения в частных случаях. Для известных ранее нормальных предельных теорем, оценивающих распределения общего числа компонент и чисел компонент заданного объема, получены параметры нормировки в явном виде, в выражения которых не входят корни алгебраических или трансцендентных уравнений.
Функциональная предельная теорема для локального времени остановленного случайного блуждания
Authors: Afanasyev Valeriy Ivanovich
Published: February 2019

Рассматривается целочисленное случайное блуждание $\{ S_{n}, n\geq 0\} $ с нулевым сносом и конечной дисперсией $\sigma ^{2}$, остановленное в момент $T$ первого достижения полуоси $( -\infty ,0] $. Для случайного процесса, сопоставляющего переменной $u\geq 0$ число попаданий указанного блуждания в состояние $\lfloor u\sigma \sqrt{n}\rfloor $ и рассматриваемого при условии, что ${\small T>n}$, доказана функциональная предельная теорема о сходимости к локальному времени остановленной броуновской извилины.
Passé, présent et avenir du contrôle des pathologies des volailles
Authors: Bouzouaia Moncef
Published: February 2019

La demande sur les protéines d’origine animale et en particulier sur les produits avicoles est de plus en plus importante, et il en résulte un besoin de plus en plus impérieux d’intensification de la production ce qui représente un facteur d’augmentation des risques sanitaires. En même temps les lobbies de consommateurs ont augmenté leurs niveaux d’exigences en matière de qualité des produits refusant légitimement les résidus de substances chimiques, de médicaments, la présence de germes zoonotiques et se préoccupant de plus en plus d’environnement et de bien-être animal. Les stratégies de contrôle des maladies, mises au service de ces productions ont connu beaucoup de développements, avec de la biosécurité, des plans d’éradication, et des programmes de vaccination de plus en plus élaborés avec des vaccins classiques «vivants» ou «inactivés » , évoluant à la demande des utilisateurs vers des vaccins plus faciles à utiliser et plus efficaces. C’est ainsi que sont apparus des vaccins fruits de travaux de génie génétique assurant une bonne protection, sans réactions post vaccinales, et sans pouvoir de dissémination, utilisés de plus en plus tôt dans la vie de l’animal. Les futures voies de production de vaccins dits de troisième génération sont représentées par les vaccins à ADN et les vaccins produits sur plantes très prometteurs. La disponibilité et le succès de ces nouvelles générations de vaccins vont dépendre des moyens consacrés à la recherche, de la pertinence et de l’adaptation aux différents marchés et de leur attractivité, cela va dépendre enfin de la liberté d’opérer qui peut être limité par de nouvelles contraintes comme les brevets sur le vivant.
La maladie de Lyme chez l’Homme : quid en 2018 ?
Authors: Bricaire François
Published: February 2019

Lyme disease in man : quid in 2018 ?

Lyme disease, already known for a long time, took recently a renewed interest in developed countries where, beyond the classic form of the disease, emerged the chronic Lyme disease entity, not scientifically proven, but claimed by groups and associations of sick people, relieved by web pages, convinced that their multiple and perfectly subjective symptoms could be explained by this infection. Yet, Lyme disease is a very precise infection, epidemiologically, microbiologically and clinically. As for any other infectious diseases, the diagnosis (clinical and biological) and treatment are scientifically defined. Widening this diagnosis to all unexplained disorders to end in not validated managements is mere empiricism, and not to say fraud or charlatanism.
Valores, Estratégias de Pesquisa e Aplicação do Conhecimento: Os Campos Sulinos em Questão
Authors: Reis Claudio Ricardo Martins dos , Pillar Valerio De Patta
Published: February 2019

Science is not value free. The philosopher Hugh Lacey developed a model of the interactions between values and scientific activity. The main objective of this paper is to present the model of Lacey and apply it to the context of the possibilities for productive use of Campos Sulinos, grasslands ecosystems of high biodiversity in southern Brazil, Uruguay and eastern part of Argentina, which are strongly threatened. The conversion of Campos Sulinos into large areas of agricultural and silvicultural monocultures is largely based on scientific knowledge acquired through decontextualizing strategies (ED). The conservation of Campos Sulinos is also informed by scientific knowledge, but primarily acquired through context-sensitive strategies (EC ). As the choice of strategy limits possible applications, the almost exclusive adoption of ED in modern science contradicts the ideal of neutrality of science. For enabling greater neutrality and comprehensiveness for the scientific activity, a plurality of strategies is necessary. Furthermore, when different strategies engage in conflict of values, decisions for the establishment of priorities and resource allocation need to be taken in democratic debates.
Vocativo Gírio em redes sociais: footing e interação
Authors: Valadares Flavio Biasutti , Gomes Thamires Rodrigues
Published: February 2019

O artigo aborda as relações entre footing e vocativo nas interações cujos usos são feitos por meio de gírias, nas redes sociais Twitter e Facebook. Objetiva analisar gírias em posição de vocativo e situar o alinhamento relativo à opção deste tipo de chamamento nas interações horizontalizadas. Embasa-se na Sociolinguística Interacional, por meio do escopo teórico de Gumperz (1982) e de Goffman (1967, 1974, 1979, 2002[1981]), assim como nos pressupostos conceituais de gírias, Preti (1984, 2000); além disso, utiliza, em específico, a conceituação de footing alçada por Goffman (1979), com vistas à verificação do enquadramento interacional pretendido pelo interactante ao lançar mão de um vocativo com a escolha de uma gíria para tal. Como procedimento metodológico, adota a recolha de gírias em posição de vocativo nas redes sociais Twitter e Facebook. Conclui que o vocativo gírio contempla alinhamentos/enquadramentos que remetem a um comportamento que visa à interação em caráter específico quando o interlocutor compõe um mesmo grupo fechado, consolidando a noção conceitual de gíria.
Satellite-derived emissions of carbon monoxide, ammonia, and nitrogen dioxide from the 2016 Horse River wildfire in the Fort McMurray area
Authors: Adams Cristen , McLinden Chris A. , Shephard Mark W. , Dickson Nolan , Dammers Enrico , Chen Jack , Makar Paul , Cady-Pereira Karen E. , Tam Naomi , Kharol Shailesh K. , Lamsal Lok N. , Krotkov Nickolay A.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In May 2016, the Horse River wildfire led to the evacuation of
∼ 88 000 people from Fort McMurray and surrounding areas and consumed
∼ 590 000 ha of land in Northern Alberta and Saskatchewan. Within the
plume, satellite instruments measured elevated values of CO, NH3,
and NO2. CO was measured by
two Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometers (IASI-A and IASI-B),
NH3 by IASI-A, IASI-B, and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS),
and NO2 by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Daily emission
rates were calculated from the satellite measurements using fire hotspot
information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
and wind information from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis, combined with assumptions on lifetimes and
the altitude range of the plume. Sensitivity tests were performed and it was
found that uncertainties of emission estimates are more sensitive to the
plume shape for CO and to the lifetime for NH3 and
NOx. The satellite-derived emission rates were
∼ 50–300 kt d−1 for CO, ∼ 1–7 kt d−1 for
NH3, and ∼ 0.5–2 kt d−1 for NOx
(expressed as NO) during the most active fire periods. The daily
satellite-derived emission estimates were found to correlate fairly well (R∼0.4–0.7) with daily output from the ECMWF Global Fire Assimilation
System (GFAS) and the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) FireWork
models, with agreement within a factor of 2 for most comparisons. Emission
ratios of NH3∕CO, NOx∕CO, and
NOx∕NH3 were calculated and compared against enhancement
ratios of surface concentrations measured at permanent surface air monitoring
stations and by the Alberta Environment and Parks Mobile Air Monitoring
Laboratory (MAML). For NH3∕CO, the satellite emission ratios of
∼ 0.02 are within a factor of 2 of the model emission ratios and
surface enhancement ratios. For NOx∕CO satellite-measured
emission ratios of ∼0.01 are lower than the modelled emission ratios of
0.033 for GFAS and 0.014 for FireWork, but are larger than the surface
enhancement ratios of ∼0.003, which may have been affected by the short
lifetime of NOx. Total emissions from the Horse River fire
for May 2016 were calculated and compared against total annual anthropogenic
emissions for the province of Alberta in 2016 from the ECCC Air Pollutant
Emissions Inventory (APEI). Satellite-measured emissions of CO are ∼1500 kt for the Horse River fire and exceed the total annual Alberta
anthropogenic CO emissions of 992.6 kt for 2016. The satellite-measured
emissions during the Horse River fire of ∼30 kt of NH3 and
∼7 kt of NOx (expressed as NO) are approximately
20 % and 1 % of the magnitude of total annual Alberta anthropogenic
emissions, respectively.
Implication of tropical lower stratospheric cooling in recent trends in tropical circulation and deep convective activity
Authors: Kodera Kunihiko , Eguchi Nawo , Ueyama Rei , Kuroda Yuhji , Kobayashi Chiaki , Funatsu Beatriz M. , Claud Chantal
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Large changes in tropical circulation from the mid-to-late 1990s to the
present, in particular changes related to the summer monsoon and cooling of
the sea surface in the equatorial eastern Pacific, are noted. The cause of
such recent decadal variations in the tropics was studied using a
meteorological reanalysis dataset. Cooling of the equatorial southeastern
Pacific Ocean occurred in association with enhanced cross-equatorial
southerlies that were associated with a strengthening of the deep ascending branch
of the boreal summer Hadley circulation over the continental sector connected
to stratospheric circulation. From boreal summer to winter, the anomalous
convective activity center moves southward following the seasonal march to
the equatorial Indian Ocean–Maritime Continent region, which strengthens the
surface easterlies over the equatorial central Pacific. Accordingly, ocean
surface cooling extends over the equatorial central Pacific. We suggest that
the fundamental cause of the recent decadal change in the tropical
troposphere and the ocean is a poleward shift of convective activity that
resulted from a strengthening of extreme deep convection penetrating into the
tropical tropopause layer, particularly over the African and Asian continents
and adjacent oceans. We conjecture that the increase in extreme deep
convection is produced by a combination of land surface warming due to
increased CO2 and a reduction of static stability in the tropical
tropopause layer due to tropical stratospheric cooling.
Estimating CCN number concentrations using aerosol optical properties:
Role of particle number size distribution and parameterization
Authors: Shen Yicheng , Virkkula Aki , Ding Aijun , Luoma Krista , Keskinen Helmi , Aalto Pasi P. , Chi Xuguang , Qi Ximeng , Nie Wei , Huang Xin , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Kerminen Veli-Matti
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is an essential parameter affecting aerosol-cloud interactions within warm clouds. Long-term CCN number concentration (NCCN) data are scarce, there are a lot more data on aerosol optical properties (AOPs). It is therefore valuable to derive parameterizations for estimating NCCN from AOP measurements. Such parameterizatios have been made earlier, in the present work a new one is presented. The relationships between AOPs, NCCN and particle number size distributions were investigated based on in-situ measurement data from six stations in very different environments around the world. The parameterization derived here depends on the scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), backscatter fraction (BSF) and total scattering coefficient (σsp) of PM10 particles. The analysis showed that the dependence of NCCN on supersaturation SS% is logarithmic: NCCN ≈ ((287 ± 45)SAE10ln(SS%/(0.093 ± 0.006))(BSF − BSFmin) + (5.2 ± 3.3))σsp. At the lowest supersaturations of each site (SS% ≈ 0.1) the average bias, defined as the ratio of the AOP-derived and measured NCCN varied from ~ 0.7 to ~ 1.5 at most sites except at a Himalayan site where bias was > 4. At SS% > 0.3 the average bias ranged from ~ 0.7 to ~ 1.3 at all sites. In other words, at SS% > 0.3 NCCN was estimated with an average uncertainty of approximately 30 % by using nephelometer data. The squared correlation coefficients between the AOP-derived and measured NCCN varied from ~ 0.5 to ~ 0.8. The coefficients of the parameterization derived for the different sites were linearly related to each other. To study the explanation of this, lognormal unimodal particle size distributions were generated and NCCN and AOPs were calculated. The simulation yielded similar relationships between the coefficients as in the field data. It also showed that the relationships of the coefficients are affected by the geometric mean diameter and width of the size distribution and the activation diameter.
Halo ratio from ground-based all-sky imaging
Authors: Dandini Paolo , Ulanowski Zbigniew , Campbell David , Kaye Richard
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The halo ratio (HR) is a quantitative measure characterizing the occurrence
of the 22∘ halo peak associated with cirrus. We propose to obtain it
from an approximation to the scattering phase function (SPF) derived from
all-sky imaging. Ground-based fisheye cameras are used to retrieve the SPF by
implementing the necessary image transformations and corrections. These
consist of geometric camera characterization by utilizing positions of known
stars in a camera image, transforming the images from the zenith-centred to
the light-source-centred system of coordinates and correcting for the air mass
and for vignetting, the latter using independent measurements from a sun
photometer. The SPF is then determined by averaging the image brightness over
the azimuth angle and the HR by calculating the ratio of the SPF at two
scattering angles in the vicinity of the 22∘ halo peak. In variance
from previous suggestions we select these angles to be 20 and
23∘, on the basis of our observations. HR time series have been
obtained under various cloud conditions, including halo cirrus, non-halo
cirrus and scattered cumuli. While the HR measured in this way is found to be
sensitive to the halo status of cirrus, showing values typically >1 under
halo-producing clouds, similar HR values, mostly artefacts associated with
bright cloud edges, can also be occasionally observed under scattered cumuli.
Given that the HR is an ice cloud characteristic, a separate cirrus detection
algorithm is necessary to screen out non-ice clouds before deriving reliable
HR statistics. Here we propose utilizing sky brightness temperature from
infrared radiometry: both its absolute value and the magnitude of
fluctuations obtained through detrended fluctuation analysis. The brightness
temperature data permit the detection of cirrus in most but not all
instances.
Technical note: Optimizing the utility of combined GPR, OSL, and Lidar (GOaL) to extract paleoenvironmental records and decipher shoreline evolution
Authors: Dougherty Amy J. , Choi Jeong-Heon , Turney Chris S. M. , Dosseto Anthony
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Records of past sea levels, storms, and their impacts on coastlines are crucial
for forecasting and managing future changes resulting
from anthropogenic global warming. Coastal barriers that have prograded over
the Holocene preserve within their accreting sands a history of storm erosion
and changes in sea level. High-resolution geophysics, geochronology, and
remote sensing techniques offer an optimal way to extract these records and
decipher shoreline evolution. These methods include light detection and
ranging (lidar) to image the lateral extent of relict shoreline dune
morphology in 3-D, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to record paleo-dune,
beach, and nearshore stratigraphy, and optically stimulated luminescence
(OSL) to date the deposition of sand grains along these shorelines.
Utilization of these technological advances has recently become more
prevalent in coastal research. The resolution and sensitivity of these
methods offer unique insights on coastal environments and their relationship
to past climate change. However, discrepancies in the analysis and
presentation of the data can result in erroneous interpretations. When
utilized correctly on prograded barriers these methods (independently or in
various combinations) have produced storm records, constructed sea-level
curves, quantified sediment budgets, and deciphered coastal evolution.
Therefore, combining the application of GPR, OSL, and Lidar (GOaL) on one
prograded barrier has the potential to generate three detailed records of
(1) storms, (2) sea level, and (3) sediment supply for that coastline.
Obtaining all three for one barrier (a GOaL hat-trick) can provide valuable
insights into how these factors influenced past and future barrier evolution.
Here we argue that systematically achieving GOaL hat-tricks on some of the
300+ prograded barriers worldwide would allow us to disentangle local
patterns of sediment supply from the regional effects of storms or global
changes in sea level, providing for a
direct comparison to climate proxy records. Fully realizing this aim requires
standardization of methods to optimize results. The impetus for this
initiative is to establish a framework for consistent data collection and
analysis that maximizes the potential of GOaL to contribute to climate change
research that can assist coastal communities in mitigating future impacts of
global warming.
Atmospheric data set from the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell during the CONT-17 VLBI campaign
Authors: Klügel Thomas , Böer Armin , Schüler Torben , Schwarz Walter
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Continuous very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations are designed
to obtain highly accurate data for detailed studies of high-frequency Earth
rotation variations, reference frame stability, and daily to sub-daily site
motions. During the CONT-17 campaign that covered a time span of 15 days
between 28 November and 12 December 2017, a comprehensive data set of
atmospheric observations was acquired at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell,
where three radio telescopes contributed to three different networks which
have been established for this campaign. These data were supplemented by
weather model data. The data set is made available to all interested users in
order to provide an optimal database for the analysis and interpretation of
the CONT-17 VLBI data. In addition, it is an outstanding data set for the
validation and comparison of tropospheric parameters resulting from different
space techniques with regard to the establishment of a common atmosphere at
co-location sites. The regularly recorded atmospheric parameters comprise many meteorological
quantities (pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, radiation, and precipitation)
taken from the local weather station close to the surface, solar radiation
intensity, temperatures up to 1000 m above the surface from a temperature
profiler, total vapor and liquid water content from a water vapor
radiometer, and cloud coverage and cloud temperatures from a nubiscope.
Additionally, vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, and humidity from
radiosonde balloons and from numerical weather models were used for
comparison and validation. The graphical representation and comparison show a good correlation in
general but also some disagreements in certain weather situations. While the
accuracy and the temporal and spatial resolution of the individual data sets are
very different, the data as a whole characterize the
atmospheric conditions around Wettzell during the CONT-17 campaign comprehensively and
represent a sound basis for further investigations
(https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.895518; Klügel et al.,
2018).
Sensor characterization by comparative measurements using a multi-sensor measuring system
Authors: Hagemeier Sebastian , Schake Markus , Lehmann Peter
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Typical 3-D topography sensors for the measurement of surface structures in the micro- and nanometre range are atomic force microscopes (AFMs), tactile stylus instruments, confocal microscopes and white-light interferometers. Each sensor shows its own transfer behaviour. In order to investigate transfer characteristics as well as systematic measurement effects, a multi-sensor measuring system is presented. With this measurement system comparative measurements using five different topography sensors are performed under identical conditions in a single set-up. In addition to the concept of the multi-sensor measuring system and an overview of the sensors used, surface profiles obtained from a fine chirp calibration standard are presented to show the difficulties of an exact reconstruction of the surface structure as well as the necessity of comparative measurements conducted with different topography sensors. Furthermore, the suitability of the AFM as reference sensor for high-precision measurements is shown by measuring the surface structure of a blank Blu-ray disc.
Combined SMAP–SMOS thin sea ice thickness retrieval
Authors: Paţilea Cătălin , Heygster Georg , Huntemann Marcus , Spreen Gunnar
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The spaceborne passive microwave sensors Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS)
and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) provide brightness temperature data
in the L band (1.4 GHz). At this low frequency the atmosphere is close to
transparent and in polar regions the thickness of thin sea ice can be
derived. SMOS measurements cover a large incidence angle range, whereas SMAP
observes at a fixed 40∘ incidence angle. By using brightness
temperatures at a fixed incidence angle obtained directly (SMAP), or through
interpolation (SMOS), thin sea ice thickness retrieval is more consistent as
the incidence angle effects do not have to be taken into account. Here we
transfer a retrieval algorithm for the thickness of thin sea ice (up to 50 cm)
from SMOS data at 40 to 50∘ incidence angle to the fixed
incidence angle of SMAP. The SMOS brightness temperatures (TBs) at a given
incidence angle are estimated using empirical fit functions. SMAP TBs are
calibrated to SMOS to provide a merged SMOS–SMAP sea ice thickness
product. The new merged SMOS–SMAP thin ice thickness product was improved upon in
several ways compared to previous thin ice thickness retrievals. (i) The
combined product provides a better temporal and spatial coverage of the polar
regions due to the usage of two sensors. (ii) The radio frequency interference (RFI) filtering method was
improved, which results in higher data availability over both ocean and sea
ice areas. (iii) For the intercalibration between SMOS and SMAP brightness
temperatures the root mean square difference (RMSD) was reduced by 30 %
relative to a prior attempt. (iv) The algorithm presented here allows also
for separate retrieval from any of the two sensors, which makes the ice
thickness dataset more resistant against failure of one of the sensors. A new
way to estimate the uncertainty of ice thickness retrieval was implemented,
which is based on the brightness temperature sensitivities.
Surplus Populations and the State: A Criminological View
Authors: Shammas Victor L
Published: February 2019

Surplus populations are back on the political agenda. With the rise of automation technologies and the advent of the hyperflexible ‘gig economy’, millions of individuals across the post-industrialised world will likely become supernumerary or consigned to low-quality jobs in the service sector. Neoliberalism signalled the abdication of the state’s responsibility for ensuring full employment and providing high-quality employment. However, criminology has largely forgotten the central roles played by both in preventing the spread of social pathologies. Against the logic of neoliberalism, what is needed is a state capable of counteracting the formation of surplus populations, or an anti-surplus state. A second New Deal would enact infrastructure investments and re-embed superfluous populations into meaningful employment relations. Following Bourdieu’s criticism of a scientistic ‘flight into purity’, criminologists should adopt the lessons learned by Sweden’s interwar social democrats and advocate policies capable of preventing the augmentation of social superfluity.
Invisible Powers to Punish: Licensee-barring Order Provisions in Victoria and South Australia
Authors: Farmer Clare
Published: February 2019

Problems associated with excessive alcohol consumption have prompted a range of legislative, regulatory and operational responses. One provision empowers licensees, in Australian jurisdictions such as Victoria and South Australia, to formally exclude patrons from their venues and the surrounding public area. The imposition of a licensee-barring order requires no demonstrable offence to be committed. No proof needs to be documented and the ban takes effect immediately. Non-compliance is subject to police enforcement and possible criminal breach proceedings. The process through which a barring order may be challenged can be ambiguous and time consuming, and the punishment is typically served regardless of the review outcome. However, limited data are available to enable assessment of the way in which barring orders are used. As such, this paper examines how licensee-barring orders extend to non-judicial and non-law enforcement officers an on-the-spot and pre-emptive power to punish. Yet, with no formal training, monitoring or meaningful oversight of their use, barring orders are open to abuse and constitute a summary power to punish that is opaque to scrutiny.
Discriminating Ears: Critical Receptions of Blackness in the Music of George Gershwin and William Grant Still
Authors: Edgar Hannah
Published: February 2019

At the apex of their careers, composers George Gershwin and William Grant Still produced what they believed were their finest works: respectively, Porgy and Bess (1935), an opera by a white American composer about African American subjects, and Troubled Island (1949), an opera by an African American composer about Haitian subjects. However, both works fared poorly upon their premiere, with critics decrying Porgy and Bess and Troubled Island as “unoperatic.” Besides providing historical context to both operas, this paper argues that the critical rhetoric surrounding them was tinged by racialized notions of what musical “blackness” sounded like, or should sound like, to white ears. This paper focuses on critics’ coinage of “the cheap” or “popular” as a euphemism for music inspired by African American musical traditions like jazz, the blues, and spirituals. The paper concludes that, while the art music canon can be responsive to social justice movements, critics’ scorn of works like Porgy and Bess and Troubled Island contributes to the entrenchment of an implicitly racialized high–low musical dichotomy.
Figures Pointing to an End: Operatic Analysis and Modern Sound Design
Authors: Dawson Martin
Published: February 2019

In a 2003 production of Jean Racine’s Phèdre, the director Patrice Chéreau introduces into the play a bevy of sound effects. The sounds range from solo cello accompaniment to electronically produced crackling noises. This use of sound bears a resemblance to the way music functions in operas of Jean-Philippe Rameau and Richard Wagner. By interpreting these sounds according to models in recent work in operatic analysis, this paper shows how Chéreau’s sound effects achieve new significance as leitmotifs and as commentary on the events of the play. The study of theatre semiotics also provides a pathway for interpreting these sounds as symbols of fate and indications of Hippolyte’s death at the climax of Phèdre. Chéreau highlights the relationships among the tragedy’s characters by surrounding certain words and phrases with specific sound effects, or by inserting sound effects at particular moments of turmoil and at the dramatic climax. In particular, Chéreau emphasizes the themes of forbidden love and deceit in connecting these moments throughout the play. This analysis provides a way for expanding research in sound design by incorporating methods traditionally used for analysing opera.
The Bayreuth Festspielhaus: The Metaphysical Manifestation of Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen
Authors: Timmermans Matthew
Published: February 2019

This essay explores how the architectural design of the Bayreuth Festspielhaus effects the performance of Wagner’s later operas, specifically Der Ring des Nibelungen. Contrary to Wagner’s theoretical writings, which advocate equality among the various facets of operatic production (Gesamtkuntswerk), I argue that Wagner’s architectural design elevates music above these other art forms. The evidence lies within the unique architecture of the house, which Wagner constructed to realize his operatic vision. An old conception of Wagnerian performance advocated by Cosima Wagner—in interviews and letters—was consciously left by Richard Wagner. However, I juxtapose this with Daniel Barenboim’s modern interpretation, which suggests that Wagner unconsciously, or by a Will beyond himself, created Bayreuth as more than the legacy he passed on. The juxtaposition parallels the revolutionary nature of Wagner’s ideas embedded in Bayreuth’s architecture. To underscore this revolution, I briefly outline Wagner’s philosophical development, specifically the ideas he extracted from the works of Ludwig Feuerbach and Arthur Schopenhauer, further defining the focus of Wagner’s composition and performance of the music. . The analysis thereby challenges the prevailing belief that Wagner intended Bayreuth and Der Ring des Nibelungen, the opera which inspired the house’s inception, to embody Gesamtkunstwerk; instead, these creations internalize the drama, allowing the music to reign supreme. From this research I hope to encourage scholars to critically examine the connections between theatre design, composition and performance so that we may better understand the process by which works are manifested in performance.
TUMORACIÓN TEMPORAL
Authors: Martinez Schweinfurth Ramón Alberto
Published: February 2019

Se observa paciente de 55 años de edad, con tumoración de 5 x 5 cm, ubicada en área temporal derecha de consistencia blanda, no pulsátil, no móvil, tampoco dolorosa y completamente traslucida, la cual evolucionó con crecimiento progresivo hace más de 5 años.
LA ESCUELA UNIVERSITARIA DE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD, DEL VALLE DE SULA
Authors: Licona Rivera Tania Soledad
Published: February 2019

En nombre del Consejo Editorial de la Revista Científica de la Escuela Universitaria de las Ciencias de la Salud (EUCS), de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula, me enorgullece presentarles el quinto número de nuestra querida revista. Como recordarán, hemos dedicado las ediciones previas a cada carrera de la EUCS, según orden cronológico de su creación; el primer número fue alusivo a la carrera de Enfermería que fue creada el año 1979, el segundo a Odontología creada en el año 2000, el tercero a Medicina que fue creada el año 2003 (sin embargo comenzó a funcionar completamente el año 2006) y el cuarto a los Posgrados de medicina que iniciaron a desarrollarse en los diferentes Hospitales de San Pedro Sula, el año 2006 (Pediatría y Ginecoobstetricia).
MALTRATO INFANTIL EN ESCOLARES DE QUINTO Y SEXTO GRADO
Authors: Maldonado María Del Carmen , Zavala Cinthia
Published: February 2019

El maltrato infantil se define como los abusos y la desatención de que son objeto los menores de 18 años, e incluye todos los tipos de maltrato físico o psicológico. Objetivo: Describir los tipos de maltrato en el ambiente escolar y familiar de los niños de quinto y sexto grado. Metodología: Estudio mixto con diseño transeccional narrativo, realizado en la escuela Guillermo Prieto Vélez de la Comunidad de Los Pinos, San Pedro Sula, en el período de febrero a marzo del 2014. El universo/muestra fue de 54 escolares de quinto y sexto grado y 25 padres de familia que se encontraban en sus casas al momento de recolectar la información. La técnica de recolección de datos fue mediante encuesta para las variables cuantitativas y entrevista para la información cualitativa. Resultados: En cuanto el maltrato intrafamiliar por negligencia, 14 niños (25.9%) no desayunan antes de ir a la escuela, y 20 (37%) no consumen merienda. 45 (83%) de los niños no consumen la cantidad de agua adecuada diariamente, 11 niños (20%) no reciben de sus padres el tiempo necesa- rio. Se encontró que 23 (42.6%) de los niños recibían maltrato de sus compañeros; golpes (43.5%), apodos (21.5%). Los escolares, narraron que son castigados por sus madres, abuela y padrastro, mediante faja, regaños, manotazos y otros; los padres refirieron que los castiga con faja y regaños. Conclusión: Se encontró que la mayoría de niños reciben maltrato intrafamiliar y escolar, siendo más común de tipo físico y emocional.

Palabras clave

Acoso escolar, Familia, Maltrato a los niños
False Memory for Orthographically Related Words: Research in the Simplified Conjoint Recognition Paradigm
Authors: Nieznański Marek , Obidziński Michał , NiedziaŁkowska Daria , Zyskowska Emilia
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to define the processes underlying false recognition memory for orthographically related words by using the simplified conjoint recognition paradigm (Stahl & Klauer, 2009), which is grounded in the fuzzy trace theory. We considered 2 accounts. The first assumes that false memory stems from the perceptual feature overlap between targets and distractors represented in the gist memory parameter. The second account assumes that false memory for orthographically related distractors results from the misattribution of verbatim information, which is reflected in the phantom recollection parameter. Data from two experiments were analyzed with multinomial processing tree modeling to estimate the contribution of latent processes to performance in recognition memory tests. These analyses supported the feature overlap account, suggesting that gist trace encodes both semantic and orthographic patterns. We also showed that a boost in false memories due to the adding of semantic associates to a list of orthographically related words stems from an increase in phantom recollection. We discussed further directions in theoretical and empirical research on the gist and verbatim traces’ contribution to false recognition of perceptually related stimuli.
The Most Beautiful of All: A Quantitative Approach to Fairy-Tale Femininity
Authors: Jorgensen Jeana
Published: February 2019

Feminist folklorists have long asserted that women’s bodies are represented in fairy tales differently than men’s bodies, in normative and sexist ways. By using computational approaches to analyze a corpus of canonical fairy tales, I assess these claims and establish that women’s bodies are depicted in distinctive ways in fairy tales. This finding is important for scholars interested in fairy-tale studies, gender studies, and computational approaches to folklore studies.
A Comparative Study of Three English Translations of Yasin Surah Regarding Vinay and Darbelnet Strategies
Authors: Aghajani Mojtaba , Jalali Goldis Seyedi
Published: February 2019

Over the past few years, the Persian and English translations of Quran have been studied from different standpointsThroughout the centuries, Muslim and non-Muslim translators have been very concerned to convey the meaning ofthe Quran into languages other than Arabic. The holy Quran is a divine book and its translation into other languagesmust be done meticulously. In this regard, Persian and English translation of one of the surahs of this magnificentbook was selected to be compared. the present study has gone through the investigation of the Persian translation ofone of the surahs of this holy book “Yasin” by Dr. Elahi Ghomshei (1361) and its English translation by threefamous translators Yusuf Ali (2000), Pickthall (1930) and Sarwar (2011) to see discrepancies. Also, this study triesto find out the unit of translation and classify different kinds of Vinay and Darbelnet’s procedures used by theEnglish translators.
“Migrant Democracy”: From War Crimes to Crimes of Peace
Authors: Buoncompagni Giacomo
Published: February 2019

Between breaking news and tweets about sinkings, rescues, rejections, deaths at sea, naval blockades, one often has the feeling that everything has already been the impression that everything has already been said and written in the swirl of institutional and non-governmental on the subject of migrants. In Italy in particular, the above-mentioned situations still fill the media agenda and remain trending topics for weeks on social networks such as Twitter and Instragram, are not only ideological and/or symbolic, but also material and all too often categorised as "war crimes", when it would be more accurate to recognise the sinking or naval blockade as a "crimes of peace". It's necessary to overcome this pathology of communication/information and to return to the idea of rethink human rights and talk about "migrant democracy".
Understanding Teachers’ Integration of Moodle in EFL Classrooms: A Case Study
Authors: Yafaei Yasir Al , Attamimi Rais
Published: February 2019

The study explores the integration and implementation of the Moodle platform at the English Language Center of the Salalah College of Technology. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative, interpretive approach with a case study research design was used to collect the data and to deepen our understanding of the phenomena and how it was constructed in social reality of the school.Two teachers have been chosen to be the interviewees, to give their opinions and views on the topic under study, and the factors affecting both the implementation and integration of the Moodle programme. It was evident from the narratives of the two interviewees that the integration of Moodle was successful, and that it has proven to be a useful tool in the teaching and learning processes of English. In spite of some existing factors that may hinder the working mechanisms of the implementation and integration of Moodle, it may be concluded that this platform could be recommended to be extended to the other skills of the English language that it currently does not support. Following this process will inevitably improve the comprehension and production of the English language and related materials, online and real, respectively.
Why is Dialectical Materialism the People's World Outlook and Methodology of the Communist Party of China?
Authors: Quan Jiayue
Published: February 2019

Dialectical materialism is the scientific worldview to combinine the materialism and dialectics Organically. Dialectical materialism is the people's world outlook and methodology of the communist party of China. Insisting on the dialectical materialism must proceed from reality; must be positive to face and resolve contradictions encountered in advance; must constantly enhance the dialectical thinking ability; must push forward the theories innovation based on practice.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 12, No. 1
Authors: Tai William
Published: February 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Politics and Law, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2019.