bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La réactualisation du bilan colonial: vers une perspective de reconnaissance
Authors: Ndour Moustapha
Published: November 2018

Cet article se propose d’étudier l’impact de la colonisation française en Afrique. L’auteur y passe en revue l’historiographie et la littérature relatives au système assimilationniste, en argumentant que la France coloniale s’est appuyée sur une idéologie raciale, propagandiste, et suprématiste pour agir sur la carte d’une mission civilisatrice. Cette politique coloniale, qui a eu des effets néfastes sur tous les plans, touchant l’économie, la culture, l’éducation, et la religion, continue à affecter les anciennes colonies et les relations qui les lient avec la France. Ici, l’auteur soutient que ce projet d’assimilation et de civilisation, légitimée par un supposé devoir moral de sortir les peuples « barbares » de leur condition de sous-homme, a fini par charrier une série d’exactions et d’exploitations inhumaines, et de dénégation des droits fondamentaux de liberté et d’égalité, dont pourtant la France se porte garant. Cet échec cuisant de la colonisation s’explique également par une résistance autour d’éléments unificateurs telle que la religion, laquelle a toujours été une équation majeure à l’hégémonie française. L’auteur conclut son analyse en soulignant la nécessite d’une reconnaissance historique de l’héritage colonial, auquel la France ne peut se soustraire, compte tenu de la circulation du discours imposant de ce passé pénible.Mots-clés: Politique assimilationniste, hégémonie, héritage colonial, Afrique, RésistanceEnglish AbstractThis article studied the impact of French colonization in Africa, by highlighting the historiography and literature written about its assimilationist policy. Here, the author argued that colonial France has justified its civilizing mission against a racial, supremacist, and propagandist hegemony. Such a colonial project, beyond its negative corollary upon colonized culture, economy, religion and education, still affects the colonized today and their relationship with France. Despite its claim as the champion of human rights and equality, the author claims, French colonial system has ended up denying those basic rights to dominated people, whom it had declared to be salvaging from barbarity and savagery. The author also explained the colonial failure through resistant regimes which unified colonized around forces as religion, a major obstacle to colonial expansion and success. He concluded his analysis that  France needs to recognize and come to terms with the colonial legacy in a context where the circulation of ideas and discourses imposes the spectrum of that painful past.Keywords: Assimilationist policy, hegemony, colonial heritage, Africa, resistance
Integration of information and communication technology for teaching social studies in upper basic schools in Edo State
Authors: Omokhua C.E. , Nwanekezi A.U.
Published: November 2018

This study investigated the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) for Social Studies teaching in Upper Basic Schools in Edo State Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. Four Objectives and four research questions guided the study. The population for the study was Social Studies teachers in Upper Basic Schools in Edo State. A sample size of 300 Social Studies teachers was purposively selected for the study, representing 48.39% of the population. A 32-item questionnaire was used as instrument, which was validated by two experts’ in the field of measurement and evaluation. Test retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument, 0.85 reliability coefficient index was obtained using Pearson Product Moment Correlation formula. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the research questions. The first finding was that ICT facilities are available for integration into teaching of Social Studies to a low extent. Secondary, ICT facilities are utilized for lesson delivery by Social Studies teachers on a low extent. Effort should be made by government to provide ICT facilities, monitor and organize workshops/seminars for Social Studies Teachers and address the challenges facing ICT facilities utilization in Edo State to facilitate its integration. These will go a long way to ensure effective teaching delivery of Social Studies in Upper Basic Schools in Edo State.Keywords: integration, information and communication technology, Social Studies
InnOvaTe
Authors: Lamb Amy J.
Published: November 2018

Change is inevitable, progress is not. As we work to lay the foundation for the second century of occupational therapy it is important to explore how our perspective adds distinct value to the people, populations, and communities we serve. Speak up; be heard; be the spark of change.
Bitcoin Average Dormancy: A Measure of Turnover and Trading Activity
Authors: Smith Reginald D.
Published: November 2018

Attempts to accurately measure the monetary velocity or related properties of Bitcoin have often attempted to either directly apply definitions from traditional macroeconomic theory or to use specialized metrics relative to the properties of the Blockchain such as bitcoin-days destroyed. In this paper, it is demonstrated that beyond being a useful metric, bitcoin-days destroyed has mathematical properties that allow one to calculate the average dormancy (time since last use in a transaction) of the bitcoins used in transactions over a given time period. In addition, transaction volume and average dormancy are shown to have unexpected significance in helping estimate the average size of the pool of traded bitcoins by virtue of the expression Little's Law, though only under limited conditions.
Collaboration in mitigating spatial and skills mismatch: Exploring shared understandings between transit planners and workforce professionals
Authors: Guthrie Andrew , Burga Fernando , Fan Yingling
Published: November 2018

Transit-dependent workers frequently find themselves caught between spatial mismatch (a lack of transportation options to reach jobs one is qualified for) and skills mismatch (a lack of needed qualifications for jobs one can reach). Historically, policy responses to these twin problems have essentially been siloed, with some responses focused on improving disadvantaged workers’ mobility and others on skills training. Using the Twin Cities as an example of a healthy regional economy with areas of persistent disadvantage, this paper addresses the following research question: How do transit planners and workforce development professionals perceive the issues of spatial and skills mismatch and collaboration? This analysis explores this question through in-depth interviews with 16 transit planners and workforce development providers involved with one or more of seven study areas. The authors create an explanatory typology of areas to address with integrated transit planning and workforce development, interpret informants’ intersubjective understandings of the state of efforts, and apply Innes and Booher’s Diversity-Interdependence-Authentic Dialogue (DIAD) model of collaborative rationality to explore opportunities for deepening collaboration. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to connect marginalized workers with broader opportunities through transit planning and workforce development collaboration.
VASAROS LAIKO TAIKYMO POVEIKIO PSICHIKOS SVEIKATAI LIETUVOJE ANALIZĖ
Authors: Andruškevičius Sergejus
Published: November 2018

Psichikos ligų prevencija yra vienas svarbiausių Lie­tuvos valstybės prioritetų (Lietuvos sveikatos 2014– 2025 metų programa, 2014). Vasaros laiko taikymo poveikis psichikos sveikatai Lietuvoje (jos platumoje) nėra tinkamai ištirtas, iki šiol neaišku, kaip tai vei­kia žmones, pirmiausia tuos, kurie serga psichikos ligomis. Todėl labai svarbu išanalizuoti vasaros laiko poveikį žmogaus organizmui, jo psichikai ir atsakyti į klausimą, kokio pobūdžio šis poveikis. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti vasaros laiko taikymo poveikį psichikos sveikatai Lietuvoje. Darbe naudoti tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros, tarptautinių ir nacionalinių do­kumentų sisteminė ir lyginamoji analizė, anketinis metodas, statistiniai duomenų apdorojimo metodai (SPSS 21.0 for Windows). Empirinio tyrimo rezulta­tai parodė, kad šizofrenija sergantiems pacientams neigiamas poveikis stipresnis pavasarį, sergantiems šizoafektiniu sutrikimu – vienodas ir rudenį, ir pava­sarį, sergantiems dvipoliu afektiniu sutrikimu, kar­totiniu depresiniu sutrikimu ir adaptacijos sutrikimu poveikis stipresnis rudenį. Vidinė desinchronozė, su­keliama laiko persukimo pavasarį ir rudenį, labiausiai kliniškai reiškiasi pirmą savaitę ir redukuojasi per 2–3 savaites. Persukus laiką psichikos ligoniai Lietuvoje paprastai skundžiasi miego sutrikimais. Neigiamu vasaros laiko taikymo poveikiu Lietuvoje dažniau skundžiasi sergantys dvipoliu afektiniu sutrikimu, pasikartojančiu depresiniu sutrikimu pacientai. Lygi­nant vyrus ir moteris statistiškai patikimai neigiamą laiko persukimo poveikį ir pavasarį, ir rudenį dažniau jaučia pacientės moterys.
AMBULATORINIŲ PACIENTŲ SVEIKATOS RAŠTINGUMO IR
VIDINĖS DARNOS SĄSAJOS
Authors: Sąlyga Jonas , Kazlauskienė Laimutė , Žiliukas Geriuldas , Majauskytė Dovilė
Published: November 2018

Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti ambulatorinių pacientų sveikatos
raštingumo ir vidinės darnos sąsajas bei ryšį su
sociodemografiniais rodikliais.
Tyrimo metodika. Tyrime naudoti metodai: sveikatos
raštingumo (SR) vertinimui - Europos SR klausimynas
(HLS – EU – Q47). Vidinės darnos (VD) -
A. Antonovsky sutrumpintas gyvenimo orientacijos
klausimynas (SOC – 13). SR, VD ir demografinių
duomenų priežastiniams ryšiams nustatyti taikyta
daugialypė tiesinės regresijos analizė. Pasirenkant priklausomus
ir nepriklausomus kintamuosius sudaryti
atskiri tiesinės regresijos modeliai. Imtį sudarė 201
ambulatorinis pacientas. Iš jų 122 moterys ir 79 vyrai.
Amžius nuo 18 - 88 metų. Duomenys statistiškai
apdoroti. Tyrimas atliktas laikantis etikos principų.
Tyrimo rezultatai. Nustatyta, kad daugumos pacientų
SR buvo nepakankamas. Geriausiai savo SR pacientai
vertino sveikatos priežiūros srityje, blogiausiai -
sveikatos stiprinimo srityje. Pacientų aktualios sveikatos
informacijos supratimas buvo žymiai geresnis
nei gavimas, įvertinimas ir pritaikymas. Informacijos
pritaikymas buvo žymiai blogesnis nei jos supratimas
ir įvertinimas. Pacientų VD buvo vidutinė. Teigiami
ryšiai nustatyti tarp bendro SR, visų jo sričių ir bendros
VD ir visų VD komponenčių. Stipriausi ryšiai
(p<0,001) nustatyti tarp VD prasmingumo jausmo ir
bendro SR ir SR sveikatos stiprinimo srityje. Aukštesniam
pacientų SR visose srityse įtakos turėjo stipresnė
VD, jos prasmingumo komponentė ir jaunesnis
tiriamųjų amžius. SR sveikatos priežiūros srityje
- aukštesnis išsilavinimas; ligų prevencijos srityje -
moteriška lytis. Bendrą VD stiprino aukštesnis bendras
SR, SR sveikatos stiprinimo ir sveikatos priežiūros
srityse, vyresnis pacientų amžius, aukštesnis
išsilavinimas ir darbo turėjimas. VD suprantamumo
jausmą stiprino vyriška lytis, aukštesnis išsilavinimas
ir darbo turėjimas; kontrolės jausmą - vyresnis
amžius ir aukštesnis išsilavinimas; prasmingumo -
aukštesnis SR sveikatos stiprinimo srityje ir aukštesnis
išsilavinimas.
Išvada. Aukštesniam pacientų SR įtakos turėjo stipresnė
VD, VD prasmingumo komponentė, jaunesnis
pacientų amžius ir aukštesnis išsilavinimas. Stipresnei
pacientų VD ir jos komponentėms įtakos turėjo aukštesnis
bendras SR, SR sveikatos stiprinimo ir sveikatos
priežiūros srityse, vyresnis amžius, aukštesnis
išsilavinimas ir darbo turėjimas. Siekiant pagerinti pacientų
SR, tikslinga stiprinti VD ir jos suprantamumo,
kontrolės, prasmingumo komponentes; organizuojant
SR mokymus atsižvelgti į išsilavinimą ir amžių.
PERCUTANEOUS TRANSHEPATIC BILIARY DRAINAGE – THE FIRST STEP IN THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT BILIARY OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Riauka Romualdas , Ignatavičius Povilas , Barauskas Giedrius
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drai­nage (PTBD) comes as safe and effective alternative when endoscopic biliary decompression is unavaila­ble. However, PTBD as invasive procedure has its own risks and complications. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and possible benefits of an ul­trasound guided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage as the first step in the palliative treatment of malignant biliary obstruction. Methods. Retrospective review of patients undergoing percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage from Ja­nuary 2014 to December 2015 at the Department of Surgery, Hospital of the Lithuanian University of He­alth Sciences was performed. Patients were reviewed for demographic data, laboratory tests, complications, outcomes, hospital stay and mortality rate. Results. During the study period ninety nine patients (median age - 68 years, (44 - 95) received 124 biliary drainage procedures for malignant obstructive jaun­dice. Prior the percutaneous drainage fifty eight pa­tients (58.6%) were unsuccessfully treated by ERCP. Forty patients (40.4%) were diagnosed with periam­pullary tumours, thirty (30.3%) had proximal/hi­lar cholangiocarcinoma, and twenty nine (29.3%) had biliary obstruction due to metastatic disease. Acute cholangitis was present in fifty two (52.5%) patients. After drainage procedure total serum bi­lirubin decreased in eighty seven (87.9%) patients (from 293.72±131.9 μmol to 193.11±117.49 μmol, p<0.05). Reduction in Gammaglutamyl transferase and Alkaline phosphatase was observed in ninety four (94.9%) patients. Seventy patients (70.7%) underwent additional interval procedures. In 62 (88.6%) cases percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting was per­formed. The mean hospital stay was 25.5±17.9 days (after percutaneous drainage - 19.9±17.3 days). Thirty four (34.3%) patients developed drainage related mor­bidity, with drainage catheter dislocation being most common (76.5% (n = 26). In hospital mortality rate was 27.3% (n = 27) with one drainage related death (procedure related mortality rate - 3.7%). Conclusions. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drai­nage is relatively safe and effective method to reduce malignant obstructive jaundice, when other, less inva­sive drainage methods are unavailable or ineffective and acts as a necessary step in further palliative tre­atment.
WALL SLIPPAGE IN HIGH-PRESSURE CAPILLARY VISCOMETRY: EFFECTS OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT, COMPOUND COMPOSITION, AND CAPILLARY SURFACE COATING
Authors: Putzig Katja , Haberstroh E. , Klie B. , Giese U.
Published: November 2018

Flow behavior is of major importance in the extrusion processing of rubber compounds. It is evaluated by means of a series of tests on a high-pressure capillary viscometer (HCV). Adhesion between the polymer melt and the capillary wall is assumed in all current calculation models, although such adhesion does not always pertain to the case of rubber compounds. To date, no uniform model discussed in the literature on the topic extensively describes the wall slippage behavior of rubber compounds. The phenomenon of wall slippage is analyzed by determining the power-law parameters n (flow exponent) and K (consistency factor) from the flow curve in the subcritical flow range. This makes it possible to explicitly calculate first the slip velocity and then the slippage ratio relative to the total volume flow as a function of the given shear rate and temperature. The work is based on the testing of EPDM raw polymers of different molecular weights in the HCV. In addition, EPDM compounds containing either a carbon black or a softener were analyzed with regard to their flow behavior. The rheological analysis was carried out on three variously coated flow channels. It was observed that with attainment of a critical wall shear stress, the wall slippage effect becomes more pronounced; thus, occurrences of flow anomalies such as slip-stick or shark-skin significantly influence processing and flow behavior. Wall slippage effects are noticeable, however, even before the critical wall shear stress is attained.
Visualization of Functional-semantic Information: Integrating the Clause and the Discourse
Authors: Yan Hengbin , Li Yinghui
Published: November 2018

In this study, we present our experimental design of an interactive interface that allows users to answer linguistically sophisticated queries utilizing functional-semantic information. Building on previous visualizations of linguistic patterning and discourse structure, the proposed visualization interface presents a unified interface for interrogating the functional-semantic structure of arbitrary texts at different levels of details. To evaluate the effectiveness of the interface, we performed a comparative analysis between visualizations of manual gold-standard annotation and those automatically generated by connecting the interface to existing automatic systems, which revealed remarkable visual correspondence between the two when dealing with small to medium texts. A small-scale case study was then conducted which demonstrated the potential of the resulting tool for effective discovery of interesting patterning in large political texts.
Detecting clauses and their dependencies in signed utterances: A syntactico-semantic approach
Authors: Loos Cornelia
Published: November 2018

Investigating the syntactic structure of utterances with multiple predicates in sign languages requires a clear understanding of how many finite and infinitival clauses they contain and which syntactic dependencies exist between them. Since the sign language literature currently lacks a standardized methodology for identifying clause boundaries, this paper discusses syntactico-semantic diagnostics of clausehood and clause size and analyzes their applicability to American Sign Language (ASL) and German Sign Language (DGS). First, I discuss tests that distinguish coordinated clauses from dependent clause structures; specifically negation, A’-movement, and subject pronoun copy. Limitations of wh- and topic fronting as clausehood diagnostics are identified and a modified subject pronoun copy test is proposed. Determining whether a given utterance contains coordinated or dependent clauses is only half the battle, however; we also want to know the approximate “size” of the constituent an embedded predicate projects. The present study takes a first pass at filling this gap by introducing rightward wh-movement and confirming center-embedding as diagnostics that can discriminate between finite and infinitival clauses in signed languages. Based on acceptability judgments from 13 native signers of DGS and ASL, I show that wh-subjects can move across infinitival control complements and the secondary predicates of resultative constructions, but they cannot cross a finite complement clause. The diagnostic thus provides empirical evidence for the existence of various types of embedded clauses in signed languages that differ in their functional structure.
Implementing structured model of clinical handover (SHARED): Its influence on nurses’ satisfaction
Authors: Mohammed Sohair Mabrouk , Safan Sanaa Moustafa
Published: November 2018

Objective: Clinical handover is acting an important role which nurses are usually involved numerous times in daily working for providing patient care. In spite of the importance of clinical handover, there is no standardized handover practice in our healthcare settings. This study aimed to explore the effect of implementing a structured model of clinical handover (SHARED), and its influence on nurses’ satisfaction.Methods: Design: The quasi-experimental design was utilized. Settings: Conducted at Menoufia University Hospitals at inpatient departments/units. Subjects: A convenient sample of 167 staff nurses who had at least a year of experience and accept to participate in this study. Tools: Tool I, Handover Knowledge Questionnaire; Tool II: clinical handover questionnaire; and Tool III, nurses’ satisfaction questionnaire.Results: Nurses’ levels of total knowledge regarding practices of the current clinical handover were poor at pre-implementation and improved after implementation of the structured model as SHARED. Additionally, there was an improvement of clinical handover attitude after implementation of a SHARED framework among studied subjects and had a good level of attitude than pre-implementation phases.Conclusions: There was the highest level of nurses’ satisfaction regarding clinical handover practice at the post-implementation of SHARD model than pre-implementation.Recommendations: Ongoing educational sessions for nurses and periodic refresher training courses should be provided in order to keep nurses updating knowledge and practice regarding structured and standardized handover models.
The Effect of Leader-Member Exchange “LMX” on Employee Turnover Intent: An Applied Study on the Telecommunication Sector in Egypt
Authors: Bakr Shaalan Lara Ayman Abu , Elsaid Abdel Moniem , Elsaid Eahab
Published: November 2018

The paper examines whether the Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory has an effect on the employee turnover intent in the presence of intercultural competence. Our sample consists of 319 employees working in the telecommunications sector in Egypt. The dependent variable is employee turnover and the independent variable is LMX, where LMX as a variable is measured by four components: affect, loyalty, contribution and professional respect. We used intercultural competence as the moderating variable. Intercultural competence is measured by nine components: cross cultural empathy, self-efficacy, willingness to engage, cross cultural openness, emotional self-regulation, self-monitoring, tolerance for ambiguity, low need for cognitive and cognitive flexibility. We used Cronbach’s alpha, path analysis and path regressions in our statistical analysis. Our results showed a significant positive relationship between LMX and employee turnover intent and an indirect relationship between LMX and employee turnover intent in the presence of intercultural competence.
Brazil’s and Scotland’s Water Policies: A North-South Comparison
Authors: Berezuk Andre Geraldo , Ioris Antonio Augusto Rossotto
Published: November 2018

Water management is a main public policy issue and an important matter inside of the political context of any nation. The comprehension of water policies is directly related to national development strategies. This paper examines the water policies aspects of two different but emblematic national experiences (in Brazil and Scotland) and address multidimensional and territorialized questions. Brazil has the largest stock of surface freshwater in the world and the country’s development increasingly depends on adequate water policies and improved technical and managerial strategies. By its turn, Scotland is famous for high water quality and for recently implemented of the most ambitious institutional water mechanism in Europe. Our analysis contrasts the two national water policy frameworks through a consideration of their political and territorial particularities. This comparative analysis is undertaken by the use of common matrice that helps to showing the outcomes of each country policy. The text contributes towards the international debate on water institutional reforms and their associated political-hydrological challenges.
Predicting the occurrence of sandy seabed macroforms in the areas dominated by tidal processes
Authors: Klusek Klaudia
Published: November 2018

The main aim of the article is the review study of semidiurnal tides impact into the seabed surface sedimentary structures. Presented results of numerical modeling created on the basis of previous studies is focused on changes in the marine bedforms caused by strong bottom currents and their correlation with previous research in Europe – the southern part of the North Sea and in the USA at the Long Island coast. Particular attention was given to the velocity and frequency of rhythmic tidal events. Described hydrodynamic models include also the values of depth, sediment grain size as well as stresses between marine water and the sandy bottom. Results confirmed the effectiveness of used method in the study of changes in the bedforms height and length and the need to consider other factors to obtain more accurate results. Important from the point of view of the research of seabed macroforms and processes causing their formation is also the fact that intense transport of sandy material may condition human activity, primarily the interference in surface sedimentary structures shape, e.g. during foundation of hydrotechnical constructions, cables and pipelines, offshore wind farms or construction of port infrastructure. For these reasons, there is necessary to investigate what factors affect the areas of modern shelves and determine the sediment transport.
Petroleum hydrocarbons - a necessity of monitoring in a dredged material in the Polish coastal zone
Authors: Staniszewska Marta , Boniecka Helena
Published: November 2018

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are toxic for the water organisms and in sediments they may last for a very long time. The Baltic Sea is an area exposed to the PHCs due to highly developed shipping. In Poland, there is a lack of legal standards specifying guidelines regarding handling dredged material containing PHCs, excavated in waterways, roadsteads, and in port basins, and there are no standards specifying their acceptable concentration in sediments. Therephore petroleum hydrocarbons in the excavated dredged material are rarely examined at the Polish coasts. In years 2009-2018 only 4% of sediments were examined in terms of their content. Indicated that only the sediments from the open sea did not contain PHCs, the other ones were very or moderately contaminated with PHCs. Collected results clearly indicate that sediment should be monitored in terms of the PHC content, in most cases should not be thrown back to the sea. In most cases they may be stored onshore, but only on wastelands, mainly industrial and transport areas. Some of them may also be used in the areas of cleaner lands, i.e. forests, wood- and bush-covered lands, recreation and leisure areas.
PRZERÓBKA OSADÓW ŚCIEKOWYCH, EMISJA ODORÓW ORAZ MOŻLIWOŚCI ICH DALSZEGO ZAGOSPODAROWANIA
Authors: Zwoździak Jerzy , Piechocka Agata
Published: November 2018

Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia różne podejścia do zarządzania gospodarką odpadami w odniesieniu do odpadów organicznych. Prezentowane poniżej zagadnienia dotyczą obszaru wiedzy obecnie rozwijającego się, tj. prowadzenia procesów technologicznych tak, by otrzymać bezpieczny, optymalny i ekonomiczny produkt.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE ON ACTIVATED SLUDGE FLOCS
Authors: Gnida Anna , Witecy Dagmara
Published: November 2018

A sludge from municipal wastewater plant operated for biological contaminant removal was exposed to three different negative pressures (-200, -500 and -800 hPa) for three different duration times (30 second, 1 and 2 minutes). Sludge volume index, shear sensitivity of the sludge and activated sludge floc characteristic was the object of the study before and after negative pressure treatment. After the treatment the sludge settled better independently on the pressure value and duration time. The shear sensitivity changed the most when the pressure exposure of -800 hPa was 1 minute and longer. The flocs structure was more open after negative pressur and larger part of activated sludge was comprised by large flocs.
Feasibility of Perioperative Micro–Computed Tomography of Human Lung Cancer Specimens: A Pilot Study
Authors: Troschel Fabian M. , Gottumukkala Ravi V. , DiCorpo Daniel , Mario Julia , Ott Harald C. , Wright Cameron D. , Muniappan Ashok , Lanuti Michael , Yang Kai , Shepard JoAnne O. , Nardi Valentina , Michaelson James S. , Hariri Lida P. , Fintelmann Florian J.
Published: November 2018

Context.—

Lesion localization during intraoperative frozen section of lung resection specimens can be challenging. Imaging could aid lesion localization while enabling 3-dimensional specimen analysis.

Objective.—

To assess the feasibility of integrating micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) into the perioperative evaluation of fresh surgical lung resection specimens.

Design.—

Fresh lung specimens from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of lung cancer were imaged with micro-CT prior to routine histopathologic and molecular analysis. Micro-CT images were assessed to determine image quality, lesion size, and distance from lesion to the nearest surgical margin. Micro-CT measurements were compared to pathologic measurements using Bland-Altman analysis.

Results.—

A total of 22 specimens from 21 patients were analyzed (mean image acquisition time, 13 ± 6 minutes). Histologic quality of imaged specimens was indistinguishable from a control group of nonimaged lung specimens. Artifacts, most commonly from specimen deflation (n = 8), obscured fine detail on micro-CT images of 10 specimens. Micro-CT could successfully localize the target lesion in the other 12 specimens. Distance to the nearest surgical margin was determined in 10 specimens. Agreement of micro-CT with final pathology was good, with a mean difference of −2.8% (limits of agreement −14.5% to 20.0%) for lesion size and −0.5 mm (limits of agreement −4.4 to 3.4 mm) for distance to nearest surgical margin.

Conclusions.—

Micro-CT of fresh surgical lung specimens is feasible and has the potential to evaluate the size and location of lesions within resection specimens, as well as distance to the nearest surgical margin, all without compromising specimen integrity.
Cap a la intel·ligència artificial: Progressos, reptes i riscos
Authors: López de Mántaras Ramon
Published: November 2018

Aquest article conté algunes reflexions al voltant de la intel·ligència artificial (IA). En primer lloc es fa la distinció entre IA forta i feble i els conceptes relacionats d’IA general i específica. A continuació, es descriuen breument els principals models existents. També es discuteix la necessitat de poder dotar de coneixements de sentit comú a les màquines per avançar cap a l’objectiu de construir IA general. Després parlem de les tendències en IA basada en l’anàlisi de grans quantitats de dades que han permès assolir progressos espectaculars molt recentment. Per finalitzar, parlem d’altres temes que són i continuaran essent clau en IA i tanquem amb una breu reflexió sobre els riscos de la IA.
The lost world of Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, a relictual bacterial niche in a desert oasis
Authors: Souza Valeria , Moreno-Letelier Alejandra , Travisano Michael , Alcaraz Luis David , Olmedo Gabriela , Eguiarte Luis Enrique
Published: November 2018

Barriers to microbial migrations can lead adaptive radiations and increased endemism. We propose that extreme unbalanced nutrient stoichiometry of essential nutrients can be a barrier to microbial immigration over geological timescales. At the oasis in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin in Mexico, nutrient stoichiometric proportions are skewed given the low phosphorus availability in the ecosystem. We show that this endangered oasis can be a model for a lost world. The ancient niche of extreme unbalanced nutrient stoichiometry favoured survival of ancestral microorganisms. This extreme nutrient imbalance persisted due to environmental stability and low extinction rates, generating a diverse and unique bacterial community. Several endemic clades of Bacillus invaded the Cuatro Cienegas region in two geological times, the late Precambrian and the Jurassic. Other lineages of Bacillus, Clostridium and Bacteroidetes migrated into the basin in isolated events. Cuatro Ciénegas Basin conservation is vital to the understanding of early evolutionary and ecological processes.
Genome-wide Estrogen Receptor-α activation is sustained, not cyclical
Authors: Holding Andrew N , Cullen Amy E , Markowetz Florian
Published: November 2018

Estrogen Receptor-alpha (ER) drives 75% of breast cancers. Stimulation of the ER by estra-2-diol forms a transcriptionally-active chromatin-bound complex. Previous studies reported that ER binding follows a cyclical pattern. However, most studies have been limited to individual ER target genes and without replicates. Thus, the robustness and generality of ER cycling are not well understood. We present a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the ER after activation, based on 6 replicates at 10 time-points, using our method for precise quantification of binding, Parallel-Factor ChIP-seq. In contrast to previous studies, we identified a sustained increase in affinity, alongside a class of estra-2-diol independent binding sites. Our results are corroborated by quantitative re-analysis of multiple independent studies. Our new model reconciles the conflicting studies into the ER at the TFF1 promoter and provides a detailed understanding in the context of the ER’s role as both the driver and therapeutic target of breast cancer.
CryoEM structures of open dimers of gyrase A in complex with DNA illuminate mechanism of strand passage
Authors: Soczek Katarzyna M , Grant Tim , Rosenthal Peter B , Mondragón Alfonso
Published: November 2018

Gyrase is a unique type IIA topoisomerase that uses ATP hydrolysis to maintain the negatively supercoiled state of bacterial DNA. In order to perform its function, gyrase undergoes a sequence of conformational changes that consist of concerted gate openings, DNA cleavage, and DNA strand passage events. Structures where the transported DNA molecule (T-segment) is trapped by the A subunit have not been observed. Here we present the cryoEM structures of two oligomeric complexes of open gyrase A dimers and DNA. The protein subunits in these complexes were solved to 4 Å and 5.2 Å resolution. One of the complexes traps a linear DNA molecule, a putative T-segment, which interacts with the open gyrase A dimers in two states, representing steps either prior to or after passage through the DNA-gate. The structures locate the T-segment in important intermediate conformations of the catalytic cycle and provide insights into gyrase-DNA interactions and mechanism.
Metadata 2020: A collaborative effort to improve metadata quality in scholarly communications
Authors: Lammey Rachael , Mitchell Dom , Counsell Fiona
Published: November 2018

Over the last five years, scholarly publishing has turned its attention towards metadata; increasingly recognizing it as a strategic priority for digital development. In a 2017 Imbue Partners study based on interviews with industry leaders, metadata was identified as of the highest importance in digital transformation. With an understanding that metadata improvements can be most efficiently made in collaboration, scholarly communications communities are now convening to find ways to jointly improve metadata.Metadata 2020 is a project-driven collaboration of over 120 individuals across scholarly communications, convening to find ways to improve metadata that is connected, reusable, and open for all research outputs. Having launched in September 2017, the collaboration now includes 5 community groups and 6 projects.We include publishers, librarians, service providers, data publishers and repositories, researchers and funders in our work to advance metadata for scholarly communications, to ensure consideration of all stakeholder needs in scholarly communications.In this presentation, we will outline some of the key observations of our community groups around the metadata challenges they face; and explain how these observations evolved into the formation of our 6 cross-community projects.  The projects that we will briefly outline include:Researcher CommunicationsMetadata Recommendations and Element MappingsDefining the Terms We Use About MetadataIncentives for Improving Metadata QualityShared Best Practice and PrinciplesMetadata Evaluation and GuidanceGiving a brief overview of the remit and progress to date of each project, we will invite participation from attendees, and provide information about when key resources and guidance will be made available to the communities we serve.
Open Source Platforms as a Foundation for Open Science
Authors: Smeall Andrew
Published: November 2018

Watch the VIDEO.At this time of rapid advancements in scholarly communication, publishers must increasingly find new ways to respond and adapt to researcher needs. However current technological infrastructure in the industry is not built to be agile or easily customizable. We must look beyond the inflexible, restrictive, and costly technology silos we currently have, evaluate our workflows, and learn from other industries to pursue community-owned, collaborative solutions. How can open source technology equip us in our pursuit of efficient, sustainable publishing that can evolve with research communication practices? Can we aggregate and share the cost of building core tools, refocusing our technology investments instead into the customizations and enhancements needed to befit researcher requirements, all in the framework of open source? In this presentation we will outline the significance of open source infrastructure to Hindawi’s mission and vision, and the importance of partnering with like-minded organizations to drive change for the industry. We will present the work that Hindawi has undertaken in collaboration with the Coko Foundation, eLife, and the University of California Press to evolve xPub—a modular open source architecture, configurable in a variety of arrangements to provide a host of workflow solutions for publishers—and consider the impact that the adoption and integration of xPub can have for publishers, societies, and institutions worldwide.
The Episciences journals: an overview
Authors: Magron Agnès , Dandieu Claire
Published: November 2018

Episciences (https://www.episciences.org/) is a hosting platform of open access journals created in 2013 and developed by the Center for Direct Scientific Communication (CCSD), a joint unit of French public research organisms (CNRS, INRIA, INRA and Lyon University).The Episciences project is organized with a steering committee and epi-committees, whose role is to promote the creation of editorial committees. It is built as an overlay (epi-) publishing service upon an open repository, currently arXiv and HAL.  The platform is free of charge and offers a comprehensive set of tools for managing the journal, from organizing peer reviewing to disseminating its contents. Episciences allows research communities to experiment with innovative ways to publish and disseminate contents: authors first submit their preprints in an open archive and then submit them to the overlay journal of their choice.Episciences now hosts 11 journals in Mathematics, Informatics, Social and Human sciences. There are new journals originally created in Episciences and existing journals that have migrated on it.In April 2018 – five years after the launch of Episciences – the CCSD conducted a survey of the editorial teams regarding their uses of Episciences and their expectations. The survey was a Google Form sent to the chief editors of the 11 active journals. The objective was to collect at least one answer for each journal, representative of the positions of the editorial team. All the 11 teams have answered. The survey was intended to test their satisfaction, to better know how they use the main software features, and to test their opinion about emerging practices such as open peer review.The poster will present the main results of this survey. The main weakness of Episciences is the workflow imposing a two-stage submission process (in the repository and after in the journal). The strengths are the great assets of the economic model and the editorial support teams.
The price of gold: The KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access
Authors: Verbeke Demmy , Mesotten Laura
Published: November 2018

Watch the VIDEO.We need to ask ourselves why we support Open Access: is our main goal to provide free and unrestricted access to the results of scholarly research to everyone who might be interested, or is it to change the current model for scholarly communication because we consider it inefficient as well as too expensive? If our main goal is to open up research results as much as possible, there seems to be little reason to part ways with legacy publishers, who should – after initial resistance – prove to be willing partners as long as academic institutions are equally willing to pay. If, on the other hand, the intention is to introduce a new model for scholarly communication that operates according to cost-effective standards, then it seems very unlikely for academic institutions to achieve this together with the same partners, who have worked according to a commercial logic for decades. In short: do we want evolution or revolution?If we want a revolution, then it will not be brought by Green OA, which provides too little challenge for the traditional model for the publication and distribution of scholarly work. It will also not be brought by for-profit Gold OA, which is extremely expensive (even more so than the traditional model) and keeps commercial partners in control of the dissemination of research results. Therefore, an alternative model for no-profit Gold OA is on the rise, namely Fair Open Access. Publications in Fair Open Access are immediately freely available to all, are produced according to cost-effective (rather than commercial) principles and guarantee full control of researchers over the entire publication process.KU Leuven has been supporting Green OA through its institutional repository Lirias for many years already. As it is clear, however, that Green OA provides some but certainly not all of the solutions, the university was looking to intensify its efforts to maximize scholarly exchange, collaboration and innovation. This resulted in the establishment of the KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access in March 2018. This fund provides financial support for the production costs of OA monographs published by Leuven University Press as well as articles in selected OA journals, on the condition that these journals are published according to the Fair OA model and maintain the highest academic standards.This paper analyses current business models for OA, explains the reasoning behind the establishment of the KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access, discusses its day-to-day operation and presents its initial results.
Transparency and collaboration at the heart of new developments at Crossref
Authors: Lammey Rachael , Fairhurst Vanessa
Published: November 2018

Watch the VIDEO. At Crossref we work to make research outputs easy to find, cite, link, and assess. If you’re really familiar with what Crossref does, then great! However, we’d love the opportunity to talk about some of the newer initiatives we’ve been working on. This involves ways to allocate identifiers to different types of research objects (preprints and peer reviews among others), and to connect those up to the related research. As well as new initiatives, we’re also making it easier for members to see a clear picture of the metadata that Crossref has. It can be hard for everyone at a publisher (or the wider community) to have clear idea of what metadata elements they’re depositing. We wanted to help show this, so that members can fill in metadata gaps and maximise the potential for their content to be discovered and reused by the thousands of tools and services who use Crossref. We’re also conscious that it can be difficult to provide all of this information to us, so we’re working on ways to help publishers provide the most complete metadata they can. We’ve involved members in all of the above initiatives, as advisors, advocates and beta-testers, and we’re also involved in projects that involve collaboration with wider communities.We invite you to share our love of metadata, think about how you can be involved and let us know what else you need - we welcome your input!
Preprints in Context
Authors: Dawson Stephanie
Published: November 2018

Watch the VIDEO.The big story in scholarly publishing of the last years was the preprint revolution. Researchers demanded a faster channel for the early communication of their results, journal editors revised their policies to accept manuscripts also published as preprints, there was an explosion of new platforms and infrastructure, and Crossref gave the old/new species of not-really published articles a DOI. Funders even jumped into the fray, allowing researchers to use their preprints in grant proposals. The non-profit Center of Open Science launched a platform for new preprint servers, and publishers are jumping into the arena with preprint repositories like Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press’s bioRxiv, PeerJ Preprints, ACS’s ChemRxiv, MDPI’s Preprint.org and Elsevier’s acquisition of SSRN. These developments create new challenges for content aggregators and discovery platforms, librarians, publishers, and readers, including persistent identification of the version of record, aggregation of citations and metrics across article versions, and questions around copyright. The wide proliferation of preprint repositories across different sources also makes it difficult for researchers to reach their peers with their early results. As an aggregator and interactive discovery platform, ScienceOpen has been working to place preprints in the context of the published literature with quick preprint-filters on keyword searches and first efforts to aggregate metrics. We further provide a framework to peer review preprints in a portable system with a Crossref DOI for each peer review report, as well as editorial management of preprints in thematic collections. By showing how preprints fit in to the academic record in a broad discovery database, we are able to bring them to the attention of those searching for the newest research and more clearly highlight their status as open for peer review. Increased visibility through contextualization is our value proposition for publishers, authors and readers of preprints in 2018. We explore the disruptive potential of preprints from our experience with ScienceOpen’s discovery platform.
PhD on Track: Open Science as a new track
Authors: Faber Hege Charlotte , Kavli Fredrik Andersen , Grote Michael , Låg Torstein
Published: November 2018

PhD on Track is a web resource aimed primarily at PhD candidates and early career researchers. The ambition is to provide an accessible point of departure for beginning researchers related to searching and reviewing scholarly literature, and to sharing and publishing reports and data.It can be challenging for new candidates (or even for experienced researchers) to find their way in the tangle of new guidelines and practices on openness, data management, publishing, and adjoining issues. PhD on Track is intended to help, by collecting and organising in one resource, providing an overview of the most essential information. In our poster, we wish to focus on recent major revisions to the resource, and in particular on the new module Open Science. Revisions were made in response to important developments regarding new national and international guidelines on open publishing and data management, and in open science in general. PhD on Track, and the new Open Science module in particular, collects and organises relevant information – and discusses some of the fundamental issues on open access publishing, open archives, research data, and data management, including how to make data management plans and how to handle sensitive data. There are also sections on pre-registration, research ethics, copyright issues, and research assessment.PhD on Track is an open, freely available resource that was originally launched in 2013, as a co-operation between Norwegian and Danish institutions. From 2017, it is operated by 6 Norwegian institutions: the four university libraries in Bergen, Oslo, Trondheim, and Tromsø, in addition to the libraries at NHH Norwegian School of Economics Library and Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. While PhD on Track provides more detail on Norwegian policies and guidelines, it has been designed with an international audience in mind. It will be relaunched in the autumn of 2018.