bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring speech production and comprehension: Where is the second-language delay?
Authors: Broos Wouter PJ , Duyck Wouter , Hartsuiker Robert J
Published: October 2018

Research on error monitoring suggests that bilingual Dutch–English speakers are slower to correct some speech errors in their second language (L2) as opposed to their first language (L1). But which component of self-monitoring is slowed down in L2, error detection or interruption and repair of the error? This study charted the time course of monitoring in monolingual English speakers and bilingual Dutch–English speakers in language production and language comprehension, with the aim of pinpointing the component(s) of monitoring that cause an L2 disadvantage. First, we asked whether phonological errors are interrupted more slowly in L2. An analysis of data from three speech error elicitation experiments indeed showed that Dutch–English bilinguals were slower to stop speaking after an error had been detected in their L2 (English) than in their L1 (Dutch), at least for interrupted errors. A similar L2 disadvantage was found when comparing the L2 of Dutch–English bilinguals to the L1 of English monolinguals. Second, monolingual English speakers and bilingual Dutch–English speakers performed a picture naming task, a production monitoring task, and a comprehension monitoring task. Bilingual English speakers were slower in naming pictures in their L2 than monolingual English speakers. However, the production monitoring task and comprehension monitoring task yielded comparable response latencies between monolinguals in their L1 and bilinguals in their L2, indicating that monitoring processes in L2 are not generally slower. We suggest that interruption and repair are planned concurrently and that the difficulty of repairing in L2 triggers a slow-down in L2 interruption.
Itinerant nationalisms and fracturing narratives: Incorporating regional dimensions of memory into peacebuilding
Authors: Purdeková Andrea
Published: October 2018

While conflict is often understood across multiple levels, including its regional dimension, peacebuilding and memory work are rarely put in conversation at this level. The article explores regional dimensions of memory and argues that these open a novel and analytically productive lens on the nature and legacy of cross-border conflict and can bolster peacebuilding approaches. Taking the key case study of the Great Lakes Region of Africa, and specifically the regionalizing dimensions of the Rwandan genocide, the article investigates the impact of two very different regional dimensions of memory on social cohesion. First, the article considers the more intuitive ways in which grievances that extend across borders and fractured regional memories continue to fuel conflict. Second, and pushing beyond this, the article considers the ways in which returning diaspora deploys memory born in the wider region in attempts at nation-building. The article thus deploys a dynamic approach to memory, exploring mobile memories and the ways in which regional experiences are carried and deployed back in a national context. Overall, the article urges us to extend regional lens beyond the study of conflict roots and operational action to the study of postconflict peacebuilding and commemoration.
The provision of central venous access, transfer of critically ill patients and advanced airway management.: Are advanced critical care practitioners safe and effective?
Authors: Denton Gavin , Green Lindsay , Palmer Marion , Jones Anita , Quinton Sarah , Giles Simon , Simmons Andrew , Choyce Andrew , Munnelly Sean , Higgins Daniel , Perkins Gavin D , Arora Nitin
Published: October 2018

Advanced critical care practitioners are a new and growing component of the critical care multidisciplinary team in the United Kingdom. This audit considers the safety profile of advanced critical care practitioners in the provision of central venous catheterisation and transfer of ventilated critical care patients without direct supervision and supervised drug assisted intubation of critically ill patients. The audit showed that advanced critical care practitioners can perform central venous cannulation, transfer of critically ill ventilated patients and intubation with parity to published UK literature.
Cataracts
Authors: Machin Annabelle
Published: October 2018

In 2010, the Global Burden of Diseases Study found that worldwide, 10 800 000 people are blind and 35 000 000 visually impaired due to cataracts. In the UK, more than half of people aged over 65 years are affected, with cataract surgery being one of the commonest elective procedures. It is important for GPs to be able to diagnose this common condition, to offer advice to patients about driving restrictions, and refer for surgery when indicated. Prompt identification and referral of infants with suspected cataracts is essential.
Prasugrel or ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes: a propensity matched substudy of RENAMI
Authors: Conrotto Federico , Bertaina Maurizio , Raposeiras-Roubin Sergio , Kinnaird Tim , Ariza-Solé Albert , Manzano-Fernández Sergio , Templin Christian , Velicki Lazar , Xanthopoulou Ioanna , Cerrato Enrico , Rognoni Andrea , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Omedè Pierluigi , Montabone Andrea , Taha Salma , Durante Alessandro , Gili Sebastiano , Magnani Giulia , Autelli Michele , Grosso Alberto , Flores Blanco Pedro , Garay Alberto , Quadri Giorgio , Varbella Ferdinando , Caneiro Queija Berenice , Cobas Paz Rafael , Cespón Fernández María , Muñoz Pousa Isabel , Gallo Diego , Morbiducci Umberto , Dominguez-Rodriguez Alberto , Valdés Mariano , Cequier Angel , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Iñiguez-Romo Andrés , Gaita Fiorenzo , Abu-Assi Emad , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

The safety and efficacy of prasugrel and ticagrelor in patients with diabetes mellitus presenting with acute coronary syndrome and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention remain to be assessed.

Methods:

All diabetes patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome and enrolled in the REgistry of New Antiplatelets in patients with Myocardial Infarction (RENAMI) were compared before and after propensity score matching. Net adverse cardiovascular events (composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction and BARC 3–5 bleedings) and major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of death, stroke and myocardial infarction) were the co-primary endpoints. Single components of primary endpoints were secondary endpoints.

Results:

Among 4424 patients enrolled in RENAMI, 462 and 862 diabetes patients treated with prasugrel and ticagrelor, respectively, were considered. After propensity score matching, 386 patients from each group were selected. At 19±5 months, major adverse cardiovascular events and net adverse cardiovascular events were similar in the prasugrel and ticagrelor groups (5.4% vs. 3.4%, P=0.16 and 6.7% vs. 4.1%, P=0.11, respectively). Ticagrelor was associated with a lower risk of death and BARC 2–5 bleeding when compared to prasugrel (2.8% vs. 0.8%, P=0.031 and 6.0% vs. 2.6%, P=0.02, respectively) and a clear but not significant trend for a reduction of BARC 3–5 bleeding (2.3% vs. 0.8%, P=0.08). There were no significant differences in myocardial infarction recurrence and stent thrombosis.

Conclusion:

Diabetes patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome seem to benefit equally in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events from ticagrelor or prasugrel use. Ticagrelor was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause death and bleedings, without differences in recurrent ischaemic events, which should be confirmed in dedicated randomised controlled trials.
CT and MRI findings of bronchopulmonary endometriosis: a case presentation
Authors: Sanada Tomohide , Park Jinho , Hagiwara Masaru , Ikeda Norihiko , Nagai Takeshi , Matsubayashi Jun , Saito Kazuhiro
Published: October 2018

Intrathoracic endometriosis is classified into pleurodiaphragmatic endometriosis and bronchopulmonary endometriosis. Bronchopulmonary endometriosis is rare. Computed tomography (CT) findings of bronchopulmonary endometriosis are lung nodules, with or without cavities, or surrounding ground-glass opacities. Features vary with menstrual status. Recently, the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was reported for diagnosis of intrathoracic endometriosis, but most published reports were about pleurodiaphragmatic endometriosis. We present CT and MRI findings of bronchopulmonary endometriosis in the left lung that showed a gradually enlarging nodule with enhancing area.
Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis in a patient allergic to peach
Authors: Ukleja-Sokołowska Natalia , Zacniewski Robert , Gawrońska-Ukleja Ewa , Żbikowska-Gotz Magdalena , Lis Kinga , Sokołowski Łukasz , Adamczak Rafał , Bartuzi Zbigniew
Published: October 2018

Determining the single factor that triggered anaphylactic shock can be challenging. We present an interesting case of a 25-year-old female patient with recurrent anaphylactic reactions developing after eating various foods, particularly in presence of co-factors of allergic reactions. Symptoms occurred after consumption of various kinds of foods – peach, pancakes with cottage cheese and fruit, a meal from a Chinese restaurant – all eaten on other occasions without symptoms. During diagnosis, skin prick tests were negative for all tested allergen extracts (both inhalatory and food) from Allergopharma. Prick by prick tests were positive for the peach – wheal diameter – 6 mm, nectarine – 4 mm (histamine 4 mm, negative control 0 mm). Increased levels of asIgE were found for allergens of peach (0.55 kU/L).Open challenge test with one mid-size peach combined with the physical exercise challenge test was positive. ImmunoCAP ISAC test indicated increased levels of IgE specific for the lipid transfer protein (LTP) for walnut (nJug r 3), peach (Pru p 3), wheat (rTri a 14) and plane tree (rPla a 3). The patient was diagnosed with food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis associated with an allergy to lipid transport proteins (LTPs).
Giant cell tumor of the small bones of the foot
Authors: Co Hannah L , Wang Edward HM
Published: October 2018

Aims:

This study aims to determine whether giant cell tumor of bone of the foot (GCTB-F) is more aggressive than GCTB at other sites using data from a single institution.

Patients and Methods:

We reviewed all patients with GCTB seen by our Unit from 1993 to 2012. Patients with GCTB-F were compared with all other patients with GCTB in terms of demographics and presentation. This group of GCTB-F was then compared with patients with GCTB of the appendicular skeleton (GCTB-AS) in terms of treatment and oncologic outcome at follow-up of at least 2 years.

Results and conclusion:

There were seven patients with GCTB-F (2.6%), most consulted over 12 months after symptoms. Compared to other GCTB ( n = 262), a bigger proportion of patients (28.5%) presented as recurrent lesions. All seven patients were classified as Campanacci III but none had lung metastasis at presentation or on follow-up. Compared to the group of 124 GCTB-AS, no GCTB-F patient received intralesional surgery. The 14% recurrence rate can be explained by contaminated non-intralesional surgery due to the advanced presentation and the technically challenging architecture of the foot. It would seem the aggressive tag of GCTB-F is not due to aggressive biologic behavior but to a combination of delayed presentation, delayed diagnosis, and difficult surgery.
Globalization and Indian Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Rana Sudhir , Saikia Partha P. , Barai Munim K.
Published: October 2018

Indian manufacturing enterprises (IMEs) are undergoing a phase of transformation. Changing economic policies and global outlook have brought both opportunities as well as thought points before IMEs. This piece of research has brought assessment as well as discussion on present state and viewpoints on IMEs through the lenses of globalization. The discussion revealed that the Government of India needs to undertake several policy decisions to make Indian manufacturing firms more globalized. The perspective moves in a sequential manner starting from evolution to manufacturing, overview of Indian manufacturing, covers the journey of globalization facets/dimensions, undertake the state of IMEs to justify the points of authors and draw conclusions on this field.
Association Between Subjective Tinnitus and Cervical Spine or Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bousema E. J. , Koops E. A. , van Dijk P. , Dijkstra P. U.
Published: October 2018

Movements of the neck and jaw may modulate the loudness and pitch of tinnitus. The aim of the present study was to systematically analyze the strength of associations between subjective tinnitus, cervical spine disorders (CSD), and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). A systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase, and Pedro databases was carried out on articles published up to September 2017. This covered studies in which tinnitus and CSD or TMD were studied as a primary or a secondary outcome and in which outcomes were compared with a control group. Included articles were evaluated on nine methodological quality criteria. Associations between tinnitus and CSD or TMD were expressed as odds ratios. In total, 2,139 articles were identified, of which 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Twice, two studies were based on the same data set; consequently, 22 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Methodological quality was generally limited by a lack of blinding, comparability of groups, and nonvalidated instruments for assessing CSD. Results indicated that patients with tinnitus more frequently reported CSD than subjects without tinnitus. The odds ratio was 2.6 (95% CI [1.1, 6.4]). For TMD, a bidirectional association with tinnitus was found; odds ratios ranged from 2.3 (95%CI [1.5, 3.6]) for arthrogenous TMD to 6.7 (95%CI [2.4, 18.8]) for unspecified TMD. Funnel plots suggested a publication bias. After adjusting for this, the odds ratios decreased, but associations persisted. There is weak evidence for an association between subjective tinnitus and CSD and a bidirectional association between tinnitus and TMD.
Tinospora cordifolia as a potential neuroregenerative candidate against glutamate induced excitotoxicity: an in vitro perspective
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Kaur Gurcharan
Published: October 2018

Background

Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of CNS acts as a neurotoxin at higher concentrations. Prolonged activation of glutamate receptors results in progressive neuronal damage by aggravating calcium influx, inducing mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. Excitotoxic cell death is associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders such as trauma, brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The current study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of Tinospora cordifolia against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity using primary cerebellar neuronal cultures as a model system.

Methods

Monosodium salt of glutamate was used to induce neurotoxic injury in primary cerebellar neurons. Four extracts including Hexane extract, Chloroform extract, Ethyl acetate, and Butanol extract were obtained from fractionation of previously reported aqueous ethanolic extract of T. cordifolia and tested for neuroprotective activity. Out of the four fractions, Butanol extract of T. cordifolia (B-TCE) exhibited neuroprotective potential by preventing degeneration of neurons induced by glutamate. Expression of different neuronal, apoptotic, inflammatory, cell cycle regulatory and plasticity markers was studied by immunostaining and Western blotting. Neurite outgrowth and migration were also studied using primary explant cultures, wound scratch and gelatin zymogram assay.

Results

At molecular level, B-TCE pretreatment of glutamate-treated cultures normalized the stress-induced downregulation in the expression of neuronal markers (MAP-2, GAP-43, NF200) and anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-xL). Further, cells exposed to glutamate showed enhanced expression of inflammatory (NF-κB, AP-1) and senescence markers (HSP70, Mortalin) as well as the extent of mitochondrial damage. However, B-TCE pretreatment prevented this increase and inhibited glutamate-induced onset of inflammation, stress and mitochondrial membrane damage. Furthermore, B-TCE was observed to promote regeneration, migration and plasticity of cerebellar neurons, which was otherwise significantly inhibited by glutamate treatment.

Conclusion

These results suggest that B-TCE may have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential against catastrophic consequences of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
Effect of plano‐valgus foot posture on midfoot kinematics during barefoot walking in an adolescent population
Authors: Caravaggi Paolo , Sforza Chiarella , Leardini Alberto , Portinaro Nicola , Panou Artemisia
Published: October 2018

Background

Plano‐valgus is a common alteration of the paediatric foot, characterized by valgus hindfoot, foot pronation and drop of the medial longitudinal arch. Despite their importance in the diagnosis and classification of plano‐valgus foot condition, little information is available on functional alterations of the major joints spanning the medial longitudinal arch – i.e. midtarsal and tarso‐metatarsal. Aim of the study was to provide objective description of the alterations in plano‐valgus midfoot joints with respect to those in an age‐matched normally‐developed feet population.

Methods

Twenty adolescents (13.3 ± 0.8 years) with bilateral plano‐valgus feet underwent clinical examination and were gait‐analysed via a validated 4‐segment foot model. This allowed to measure static foot posture, kinematics of the main foot joints, and medial longitudinal arch deformation during walking at comfortable speed. Range of motion and temporal profiles of joint rotations were compared to those from a control population of age‐matched adolescents with normally‐developed feet.

Results

The plano‐valgus midtarsal joint was more dorsiflexed, everted and abducted than that in the control group, and showed reduced sagittal‐plane RoM (plano‐valgus = 15.9 degrees; control = 22.2 degrees; P <  0.01). The tarso‐metarsal joint was more plantarflexed and adducted, and showed larger frontal‐plane RoM. The MLA showed larger RoM and was lower throughout the stance phase of the gait cycle.

Conclusion

Significant postural and kinematic alterations are present at the midtarsal and tarso‐metarsal joints of adolescents with plano‐valgus feet. Objective identification and quantification of plano‐valgus foot alterations, via non‐invasive gait‐analysis, is relevant to improving the diagnosis of this condition and to evaluating the effect of conservative treatments and of surgical corrections by different techniques.
The design of an indirect method for the human presence monitoring in the intelligent building
Authors: Vanus Jan , Machac Jaroslav , Martinek Radek , Bilik Petr , Zidek Jan , Nedoma Jan , Fajkus Michal
Published: October 2018

This article describes the design and verification of the indirect method of predicting the course of CO2 concentration (ppm) from the measured temperature variables T
indoor (°C) and the relative humidity rHindoor (%) and the temperature T
outdoor (°C) using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the Bayesian Regulation Method (BRM) for monitoring the presence of people in the individual premises in the Intelligent Administrative Building (IAB) using the PI System SW Tool (PI-Plant Information enterprise information system). The CA (Correlation Analysis), the MSE (Root Mean Squared Error) and the DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) criteria were used to verify and classify the results obtained. Within the proposed method, the LMS adaptive filter algorithm was used to remove the noise of the resulting predicted course. In order to verify the method, two long-term experiments were performed, specifically from February 1 to February 28, 2015, from June 1 to June 28, 2015 and from February 8 to February 14, 2015. For the best results of the trained ANN BRM within the prediction of CO2, the correlation coefficient R for the proposed method was up to 92%. The verification of the proposed method confirmed the possibility to use the presence of people of the monitored IAB premises for monitoring. The designed indirect method of CO2 prediction has potential for reducing the investment and operating costs of the IAB in relation to the reduction of the number of implemented sensors in the IAB within the process of management of operational and technical functions in the IAB. The article also describes the design and implementation of the FEIVISUAL visualization application for mobile devices, which monitors the technological processes in the IAB. This application is optimized for Android devices and is platform independent. The application requires implementation of an application server that communicates with the data server and the application developed. The data of the application developed is obtained from the data storage of the PI System via a PI Web REST API (Application Programming Integration) client.
Assessing the role of virtual reality training in Canadian Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Residency Programs: A national survey of program directors and residents
Authors: Lui Justin T , Compton Evan D , Ryu Won Hyung A , Hoy Monica Y
Published: October 2018

Background

Given mounting pressure of work hour restrictions, resource constraints, and variability of clinical exposure, Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS) residency training has shifted away from the apprenticeship model to embrace the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada's “Competence by Design” initiative. As a result, appraising both current and potential educational adjuncts has become increasingly important. In this investigation, a national needs assessment survey was performed to identify strengths, weaknesses, and future opportunities of the current training landscape.

Methods

An online survey was distributed to all thirteen Canadian OHNS post-graduate administrators for completion by program directors and residents from February to October in 2016. Prior to distribution, the survey was vetted for face validity by a group of staff Otolaryngologists and questions were modified accordingly. Quantitative analysis was performed on SPSS (IBM Corp., Chicago) with non-parametric, two-tailed Mann-Whitney U testing performed on scaled questions.

Results

Of the 68 responses, 11 of 13 (84.6%) of program directors and 57 of 168 (33.9%) residents responded to the survey. All 13 programs currently utilize cadaveric laboratory dissections. Associated challenges were ranked as specimen availability, faculty participation, insufficient space, and resident time constraints. 30.8% of programs currently utilize some form of virtual reality simulator, which 90.9% of program directors felt would be a fair and effective platform for evaluation.

Conclusion

A discrepancy exists between the favourable attitudes of both residents and program directors towards virtual reality simulation and its actual adoption. For successful adoption to occur, the existing barriers to unconventional training must be addressed and the tangible benefits for competency based training will need to be explored.
Hydraulic fracturing monitoring: New concept of electromagnetics linked to elastic modeling
Authors: Curcio Ana , Macias Lucas
Published: October 2018

We have developed a simulation of the electromagnetic (EM) response and its joint interpretation with fracking monitoring simulation during hydraulic fracturing in an unconventional reservoir. A multiphysics workflow is presented, using a criterion based on a breakdown pressure to generate and propagate the hydraulic fracturing, where the pressure response and EM response were jointly constructed. The approximate solution of Maxwell equations was obtained using a mixed finite-element method (FEM) combined with a leapfrog time-stepping procedure. The spatial discretization of the Maxwell’s equations is achieved using the mixed finite-element spaces of Nedelec, in which the electrical fields have a continuous tangential component across the edges of the computational mesh. Leapfrog time stepping was used for the time discretization, so that the fully discrete sequence is first solving for the electric field using preconditioned conjugate gradient iteration and then solving for the magnetic field. A stability analysis of this FEM method is provided. The results indicate that the EM response might be sensitive enough to be monitored and the magnetic field correlates better with the saturation distribution than the electric field. Furthermore, due to its relation to water saturation and effective connectivity, it is shown that EM monitoring yields additional information to determine the stimulated reservoir volume. An error analysis of estimations from EM and the actual saturation size indicates that the petrophysical assumption is perhaps the most sensitive part of this study.
Introduction to this special section: Infrastructure assessment
Authors: Sloan Steve , Lane John
Published: October 2018

Aging infrastructure is a growing problem and point of emphasis in the United States and across the globe. There is a need to assess and monitor the current state of different types of civil infrastructure: roads, bridges, dams, levees, pipelines, airports, railroads, tunnels, etc., in addition to gaining a better understanding of complex subsurface settings during the design process. We depend on our infrastructure to meet civil transportation needs, for water supply and transport, for power generation, and for safety from natural hazards, to name just a few needs. With millions of miles of vital infrastructure crisscrossing both rural and populated areas around the world, how can we reasonably investigate such a large and complex system in a practical manner that both produces useful engineering data and is relatively cost efficient? Near-surface geophysical methods have the potential to aid in engineering design and assessment by providing continuous sampling along a line or across an area, as opposed to conventional point measurements from sparse geotechnical borings, cone penetrometer tests, or similar types of measurements. As technology continues to advance, how can we take advantage of new capabilities to assess existing structures and aid new construction to better enable the decision-making process throughout the infrastructure life cycle? Geophysics is not the answer, but it can be part of the toolbox of solutions.
Sedimentary magnetic anomalies: Part 1 — The validity of short-wavelength, low-amplitude SEDMAG anomalies
Authors: Saad Afif H.
Published: October 2018

Validation is important in any study of sedimentary high-frequency magnetic anomalies. Repeatability and good correlation of anomalies between lines of the same survey and lines from different surveys as well as maximum entropy spectral analysis are some of the approaches I used to verify and validate the geologic nature of these anomalies. Examples of such correlations from the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska are used here for illustration. The filtered magnetic data used in these examples represent two surveys: the U.S. Department of Energy's low-level (120 m) National Uranium Resource Evaluation total field survey flown in 1980 and the high-level (650 m) high-sensitivity total field/vertical gradient survey flown in 1974 with measured vertical gradient. I will provide a general discussion on the magnetization of sediments as well as model studies illustrating the theoretical magnetic response of some typical sedimentary structures.
Involving patients with dementia in decisions to initiate treatment: effect on patient acceptance, satisfaction and medication prescription
Authors: Dooley Jemima , Bass Nick , Livingston Gill , McCabe Rose
Published: October 2018

Background

Shared decision-making is advocated but may be affected by cognitive impairment. Measures of shared decision-making provide global descriptions of communication without detailed analysis of the subtle ways in which doctors invite patient input.

Aims

We aimed to explore medication decisions in dementia, using a standardised Treatment Recommendation Coding Scheme.

Method

We analysed 71 video-recorded dementia diagnostic meetings from nine memory clinics. Recommendations were coded as pronouncements (‘I will start you on medication’), proposals (‘Shall we try medication?’), suggestions (‘Would you like to try medication?’), offers (‘I can prescribe medication’) or assertions (‘There is medication’). Patient responses were coded as acceptance (‘I'd like to have that’), active resistance (‘I'm not very keen’) and passive resistance (minimal or no response). Cognitive test scores, prescription rates and satisfaction were assessed and associations were explored.

Results

Doctors used suggestions in 42% of meetings, proposals in 25%, assertions in 13%, pronouncements in 11% and offers in 9%. Over 80% of patients did not indicate clear acceptance. Patients were most likely to actively resist after suggestions. There was no association between cognitive impairment and recommendation format. Patients were less satisfied with pronouncements. Patient preference did not influence whether medication was prescribed.

Conclusions

Doctors initially nominate people with dementia as the decision maker, and this is unaffected by cognitive impairment. Over 80% of patients resisted starting medication, mostly through passive resistance, the most common form of disagreement in communication. Medication still tended to be prescribed, indicating that factors other than patient preference affect prescription.

Declarations of interest

None.
Revisiting the role of metabolism during development
Authors: Miyazawa Hidenobu , Aulehla Alexander
Published: October 2018

An emerging view emphasizes that metabolism is highly regulated in both time and space. In addition, it is increasingly being recognized that metabolic pathways are tightly connected to specific biological processes such as cell signaling, proliferation and differentiation. As we obtain a better view of this spatiotemporal regulation of metabolism, and of the molecular mechanisms that connect metabolism and signaling, we can now move from largely correlative to more functional studies. It is, therefore, a particularly promising time to revisit how metabolism can affect multiple aspects of animal development. In this Review, we discuss how metabolism is mechanistically linked to cellular and developmental programs through both its bioenergetic and metabolic signaling functions. We highlight how metabolism is regulated across various spatial and temporal scales, and discuss how this regulation can influence cellular processes such as cell signaling, gene expression, and epigenetic and post-translational modifications during embryonic development.
A Model of Endogenous Loan Quality and the Collapse of the Shadow Banking System
Authors: Ferrante Francesco
Published: October 2018

I develop a macroeconomic model in which banks can affect loan quality by exerting costly screening effort. Informational frictions limit the amount of external funds that banks can raise. In this framework, I consider two types of financial intermediation: traditional banking and shadow banking. By pooling different loans, shadow banks achieve a higher endogenous leverage compared to traditional banks, increasing credit availability. However, shadow banks also make the financial sector more fragile because of the lower quality of the loans they finance and because of their exposure to bank runs. In this setting, unconventional monetary policy can reduce macroeconomic instability. (JEL E32, E44, E52, G01, G21, G23, L25)
The Price of Growth: Consumption Insurance in China 1989–2009
Authors: Santaeulàlia-Llopis Raül , Zheng Yu
Published: October 2018

We exploit a novel and unique opportunity to document the transmission of income risk to consumption in a growing economy. Our laboratory is China, an economy that has witnessed enormous and sustained growth. We build a long panel of household-level consumption and income data. We find that consumption insurance deteriorates along the growth process with a transmission of permanent income shocks to consumption that at least triples from 1989 to 2009. Although preliminary, our welfare analysis suggests that the loss of consumption insurance can have first-order implications for the welfare assessment of economic growth. (JEL D12, E21, O12, O47, P24, P25, P36)
Diurnal variation in the proinflammatory activity of urban fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by in vitro assays
Authors: Lovett Christopher , Cacciottolo Mafalda , Shirmohammadi Farimah , Haghani Amin , Morgan Todd E. , Sioutas Constantinos , Finch Caleb E.
Published: October 2018

Background: Ambient particulate matter (PM) smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) undergoes diurnal changes in chemical composition due to photochemical oxidation. In this study we examine the relationships between oxidative activity and inflammatory responses associated with these diurnal chemical changes. Because secondary PM contains a higher fraction of oxidized PM species, we hypothesized that PM2.5 collected during afternoon hours would induce a greater inflammatory response than primary, morning PM2.5.

Methods: Time-integrated aqueous slurry samples of ambient PM2.5 were collected using a direct aerosol-into-liquid collection system during defined morning and afternoon time periods. PM2.5 samples were collected for 5 weeks in the late summer (August-September) of 2016 at a central Los Angeles site. Morning samples, largely consisting of fresh primary traffic emissions (primary PM), were collected from 6-9am (am-PM2.5), and afternoon samples were collected from 12-4pm (pm-PM2.5), when PM composition is dominated by products of photochemical oxidation (secondary PM). The two diurnally phased PM2.5 slurries (am- and pm-PM2.5) were characterized for chemical composition and BV-2 microglia were assayed in vitro for oxidative and inflammatory gene responses.

Results: Contrary to expectations, the am-PM2.5 slurry had more proinflammatory activity than the pm-PM2.5 slurry as revealed by nitric oxide (NO) induction, as well as the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2 (MCP-1), as assessed by messenger RNA production.

Conclusions: The diurnal differences observed in this study may be in part attributed to the greater content of transition metals and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) of am-PM2.5 (primary PM) vs. pm-PM2.5 (secondary PM), as these two classes of compounds can increase PM2.5 toxicity.
Soil is a key factor influencing gut microbiota and its effect is comparable to that exerted by diet for mice
Authors: Zhou Dongrui , Bai Zhimao , Zhang Honglin , Li Na , Bai Zhiyu , Cheng Fudong , Jiang Haitao , Mao Chuanbin , Sun Xiao , Lu Zuhong
Published: October 2018

Exposure to an unsanitary environment increases the diversity and alters the composition of gut microbiota. To identify the key element in the unsanitary environment responsible for this phenomenon, we investigated the effect and the extent by which the soil in our environment influenced the composition of gut microbiota. Results show that adding unsterile or sterile soil to bedding, either before birth or after weaning, influences significantly the composition of mice gut microbiota. Specifically, unsterile soil increases the richness and biodiversity of gut microbiota. Interestingly, based on UniFrac distance analysis of 16S rRNA sequences, the impact of soil on gut microbiota is comparable to that exerted by diet. These findings provide a potential new strategy for intervening on the human gut microbial community and preventing disease.
TRGAted: A web tool for survival analysis using protein data in the Cancer Genome Atlas.
Authors: Borcherding Nicholas , Bormann Nicholas L. , Voigt Andrew P. , Zhang Weizhou
Published: October 2018

Reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPAs) are a highthroughput approach to protein quantification utilizing antibody-based micro-to-nano scale dot blot. Within the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), RPPAs were used to quantify over 200 proteins in 8,167 tumor and metastatic samples. Protein-level data has particular advantages in assessing putative prognostic or therapeutic targets in tumors. However, many of the available pipelines do not allow for the partitioning of clinical and RPPA information to make meaningful conclusions. We developed a cloud-based application, TRGAted to enable researchers to better examine patient survival based on single or multiple proteins across 31 cancer types in the TCGA. TRGAted contains up-to-date overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free interval and progression-free interval information. Furthermore, survival information for primary tumor samples can be stratified based on gender, age, tumor stage, histological type, and subtype, allowing for highly adaptive and intuitive user experience. The code and processed data are open sourced and available on github and contains a tutorial built into the application for assisting users.
Bird diversity of the wetland area in Suwi river, Muara Ancalong, Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Isa Nur Linda , Kusneti Monica , Nugroho Rudy Agung
Published: October 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the bird diversity in an essential ecological area, Suwi river, Muara Ancalong, Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. The observation was performed at 5 locations using direct observation at two different times, 06.00-09.00 AM and 15.00-18.00 PM (Indonesia Central Standard Time-eight hours ahead or UTC+8 of GMT) from April 2017 to March 2018. The results stated that 63 species from 28 family were found with diversity index was 3.56. Fifteen birds species have a protected status according to PP no. 7 tahun 1999 (Government regulation document number 7 year 1999) about the preservation of plants and animals, while six species are in appendix two and one species is included in appendix one of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered (CITES). Appendix one includes species threatened with extinction. Trade in specimens of these species is permitted only in exceptional circumstances. Meanwhile, appendix two includes species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. In addition, four species were of vulnerable status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This study provides information regarding the biodiversity of birds in an essential ecological area and contributes useful base line data for conservation activities.
Practice Summary: Using Excel to Build Dedicated Routes from Ad Hoc Routes
Authors: Jacobs Mark A. , Lyons Grant , Rademacher Brian
Published: October 2018

Continental Express Incorporated, a refrigerated carrier, sought to maintain its competitive strengths in an environment that is becoming increasingly more dynamic. Central to this pursuit is driver retention. Traditional responses might have included increasing compensation or instituting retention bonuses. However, we employed management science techniques to exploit an attribute that increased retention and was desirable to drivers although it reduced driver pay.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM FIBROSE CÍSTICA: IMPORTÂNCIA DA IMAGEM CORPORAL E IMPACTO DO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, IDADE E RAÇA/COR NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS PACIENTES E RESPONSÁVEIS
Authors: Da Silva Laura Andrade , Lima Ana Carla Pazini , Wittmer Veronica Lourenço , Liberato Fernanda Mayrink Gonçalves , Arpini Luana Da Silva Baptista , Paro Flávia Marini
Published: October 2018

ResumoObjetivo: Identificar os principais fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com indivíduos com fibrose cística, entre 7 e 18 anos, de um Centro de Referência Estadual. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada com o Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire. Testes usados na análise estatística: Mann-Whitney e Correlação de Spearman. Nível de significância adotado: 5%. Resultados: Na percepção dos pacientes, os domínios da qualidade de vida com piores médias foram imagem corporal (64,3±29,6) e peso (47,6±42,4). Na percepção dos responsáveis, peso também apresentou a pior média (52,8±43,7). O impacto dos tratamentos na qualidade de vida foi maiora partir dos 14 anos (p=0,012), e o impacto da alimentação foi maior entre menores de 14 anos (p=0,04). Indivíduos brancos apresentaram melhores escores do que negros/pardos no domínio imagem corporal (p=0,049). Houve correlação positiva moderada entre pIMC/I e o domínio respiratório e correlação positiva forte entre pIMC/I e imagem corporal. Conclusões: A correlação entre pIMC/I e imagem corporal sugere que o baixo-peso afeta negativamente a imagem corporal, o que merece atenção, pois imagem corporal e peso foram os domínios com piores pontuações na percepção dos pacientes, sendo que o peso também teve a pior pontuação na percepção dos responsáveis. Além disso, o baixo-peso aumentou o impacto dos sintomas respiratórios na qualidade de vida. O impacto dos tratamentos aumentou com a idade, enquanto o da alimentação diminuiu com a idade. Também se observou impacto da raça/cor no domínio imagem corporal da qualidade de vida.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.32295
ATITUDES ALIMENTARES E IMAGEM CORPORAL DAS MÃES DE PACIENTES COM TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES
Authors: Garcia Caroline Lara , Miguel Raphaela Meneghetti , Pessa Rosane Pilot , Manochio-Pina Marina Garcia
Published: October 2018

Introdução: Transtornos alimentares são definidos como doenças psicossomáticas resultantes de uma relação conflituosa do indivíduo com a comida. Objetivo: Investigar o comportamento alimentar e avaliar a percepção e a satisfação com a imagem corporal de mães de pacientes com transtornos alimentares. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, realizada em serviço especializado no interior de São Paulo. Os métodos utilizados foram Recordatório de 24 horas, o teste “Como está sua Alimentação”, o EAT- 26 e a Escala de Figuras de Silhuetas. Participaram do estudo 13 mães, das 18 pacientes atendidas pelo programa. Resultados: O EAT-26 foi negativo, com 17,23 pontos, o teste “Como está sua Alimentação” mostrou a média de 38,85 pontos. Em relação à imagem corporal, notou-se insatisfação por parte das mães. Discussão: As mães apresentam insatisfação com a imagem corporal, apesar de não apresentarem comportamentos alimentares semelhantes aos hábitos de pacientes com o transtorno. Conclusão: Poucos estudos foram realizados avaliando o comportamento alimentar de mães de pacientes com transtornos alimentares, portanto é necessário realizar mais pesquisas envolvendo esse aspecto. É necessária a participação da família no tratamento para que este seja bem-sucedido.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.33822
SOBRE O USO DO NÚMERO DE CITAÇÕES EM PERIÓDICOS PARA AVALIAR CIÊNCIA – EM ESPECIAL, CITAÇÕES DE CURTO PRAZO
Authors: Prado Shirley Donizete , Kraemer Fabiana Bom
Published: October 2018

Um dos procedimentos mais valorizados para avaliação no campo científico brasileiro, com destaque para a Biomedicina, corresponde ao uso do número de citações de um periódico em curto período de tempo. Recentemente, no processo avaliativo dos programas de pós-graduação, a área “Nutrição” na CAPES adotou as citações de revistas científicas nos últimos dois anos como referência principal – ou única – para definir o valor das publicações dos pesquisadores que atuam nesse campo de formação de mestres e doutores e de produção de conhecimentos e saberes.Identifica-se, já há algum tempo, importante volume de críticas a esses procedimentos que tomam específicas métricas para estabelecer quem tem mais ou menos valor no sistema de pós-graduação brasileiro – quem vai receber maior ou menor nota e, consequentemente, mais ou menos dinheiro, mais ou menos capital científico. Propostas diversas vêm sendo apresentadas por diversos setores da pesquisa, buscando novas perspectivas para tais avaliações, ainda na expectativa de que venham a ser adotadas com a ênfase necessária.Enquanto essas regras permanecem, alguns estudos trazem resultados bem interessantes, reforçando a linha argumentativa acima aludida.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.36675
EVASÃO NO IME/UFG: O PONTO DE VISTA DOS ALUNOS EXCLUÍDOS
Authors: Rosa Chaiane De Medeiros , Santos Fabiano Fortunato Teixeira dos
Published: October 2018

Este artigo tem como propósito discutir os condicionantes da evasão nos cursos do Instituto de Matemática e Estatística da Universidade Federal pela perspectiva dos alunos excluídos. Tem como fonte informações de registros acadêmicos na universidade. Ainda, foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico aos 32 alunos excluídos da unidade, dos quais 11 responderam, o que significa 34,4% do total. A partir das respostas desses alunos, buscou-se analisar tanto os fatores que os levaram a optar pelo curso em que estavam matriculados no momento da exclusão, quanto os elementos que os influenciaram na decisão por abandonar o curso. Como resultado, constatou-se que a desistência do curso é fortemente influenciada pela escolha equivocada do curso, bem como pela dificuldade de conciliar trabalho e estudo.
IMPACTOS DA PARTICIPAÇÃO POPULAR NA IV CONFERÊNCIA DA IGUALDADE RACIAL EM RIO GRANDE – RS
Authors: Amaral Marcel Jardim , Pereira Vilmar Alves , Costa Laís Braga
Published: October 2018

É público e notório que o ferrenho combate à desigualdade racial deveria ser enfrentado por todos os órgãos do governo federal, dos estados e das cidades, porém diante da ineficácia destes poderes para a promoção da igualdade racial surgem as conferências que visam à práxis, ou seja; primeiramente a concepção de que a desigualdade racial existe, bem como a emergente necessidade da execução de políticas públicas eficazes para a redução das desigualdades e posteriormente a não fragilização dos direitos sociais constantemente violentados. Tendo como tema norteador “o Brasil na década de afrodescendentes: reconhecimento, justiça e desenvolvimento” o presente artigo visa analisar os possíveis impactos da participação popular em conjunto com representantes do poder público municipal.
Avaliação Nacional da Alfabetização: produção e gerenciamento do risco do analfabetismo infantil
Authors: Sperrhake Renata , Bello Samuel Edmundo Lopez
Published: October 2018

Este texto objetiva analisar a produção do risco do analfabetismo infantil e as estratégias de gerenciamento desse risco postas em funcionamento pela Avaliação Nacional da Alfabetização – ANA. Metodologicamente, e através de uma analítica-interpretativa de viés foucaultiano, analisaram-se documentos da ANA tais como portarias, notas explicativas, relatórios. As análises evidenciam três estratégias que convocam os indivíduos a combaterem o risco do analfabetismo infantil, quais sejam: 1) a visibilização e vigilância do risco; 2) a aprendizagem como direito e 3) a comparação dos resultados. Conclui-se que a combinação dessas diferentes estratégias, possibilitada pela produção quantitativa do processo avaliativo em larga escala, produz discursivamente o risco do analfabetismo infantil.