bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variations in Macrobenthos Communities and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Alpine Yuqu River
Authors: Ge Jianmin , Chen Jianyong , Zi Fangze , Song Tianjian , Hu Linghui , He Zhouminkang , Wu Lei , Ding Yandong , Li Hongtao
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the spatial and temporal variations of macrobenthos community structure in the Yuqu River Basin during the dry and wet seasons due to environmental factors. This study quantified the independent and interactive contributions of hydrophysical, hydrochemical, and climatic factors to the community structure through a variance decomposition analysis (VPA). The study findings indicate that during May (the dry season), factors such as water depth, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, and air temperature exhibit relatively minor fluctuations, rendering the aquatic environment more stable than in the rainy season. This stability is particularly conducive to the maintenance of the macrobenthic community structure and species diversity, which is especially evident in aquatic insects with nesting habits, such as those belonging to the Trichoptera order (including genera like Glossosoma, Glossosomatidae, and Georodes). In contrast, during August (the rainy season), substantial precipitation alters the thermal conditions of the river, increases flow velocity, raises water levels, and introduces a significant influx of organic matter through sedimentation. This distinctive ecological environment fosters unique adaptive strategies among macrobenthic organisms. Notwithstanding a notable decline in species diversity during this particular phase, there is a concurrent increase in the abundance of individual organisms, which is indicative of the populations’ remarkable capacity to swiftly adapt to environmental heterogeneity. Research has demonstrated that macrobenthic communities within the Yuqu River Basin adopt pronounced adaptive tactics that vary significantly between seasons. During the dry season, these macrobenthic fauna rely heavily on the stability of their physical habitat. In stark contrast, they are compelled to navigate and cope with the more intricate and dynamic changes in hydrological and chemical conditions that characterize the rainy season. The presented results uncover the sensitive responsiveness of the macrobenthic fauna to seasonal hydrological and environmental fluctuations in high-altitude river systems and their adaptive strategies under diverse ecological stressors. Arthropods, in particular, exhibit a marked sensitivity to seasonal hydrological and environmental changes. This study delves into the biodiversity of high-altitude river ecosystems, analyzing the ecological environment and the distribution patterns and seasonal variation characteristics of macrobenthic communities. This study aims to examine how diverse seasons and hydroclimatic conditions modulate the composition of macrobenthic assemblages within the tributaries and principal channels of high-altitude river systems, thereby establishing a foundational reference for future water ecosystem assessments in such regions.
Paxillin and Kindlin: Research Progress and Biological Functions
Authors: Li Zijian , Shao Ruonan , Xin Honglei , Zhu Yilin , Jiang Suyu , Wu Jiao , Yan Han , Jia Tongyu , Ge Mengyu , Shi Xiaofeng
Published: January 2025

Paxillin and kindlin are essential regulatory proteins involved in cell adhesion, migration, and signal transduction. Paxillin influences cytoskeletal dynamics by interacting with multiple signaling proteins, while kindlin regulates integrin activation, affecting adhesion and motility. This review examines the structures and functions of these proteins, focusing on their roles in cancer progression, immune response, and therapeutic potential. The cooperation between paxillin and kindlin in integrin activation and focal adhesion dynamics offers valuable insights into tumor metastasis, immune function, and tissue repair.
Preterm Birth and SARS-CoV-2: Does a Correlation Exist?
Authors: Perelli Federica , Vidiri Annalisa , Palomba Giovanna , Franco Rita , Gallitelli Vitalba , Parasiliti Marco , Bisanti Marta , Spanò Amelia , Silvagni Adele , Lopez Alessandra , Gullo Giuseppe , Cucinella Gaspare , Cavaliere Anna Franca
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its subsequent global pandemic have raised significant concerns regarding its impact on pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to summarize the emerging data on the risk of preterm delivery in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted from March 2020 to December 2023 using PubMed and Web of Science, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies correlating maternal COVID-19 infection with preterm birth were included. Results: Thirteen studies were analyzed, indicating a higher incidence of preterm birth in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women compared to controls. The average incidence rate of preterm birth in infected patients was 18.5%, with a median of 12.75%, while non-infected women showed an average incidence of preterm birth of 10%, with a median of 8.2%. Discussion: Studies suggest an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and increased risk of preterm birth and cesarean section. The severity of symptoms and underlying comorbidities further elevate this risk. Notably, infections during the third trimester pose the highest risk of preterm birth. Conclusion: Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is crucial to mitigate adverse obstetric outcomes. Close monitoring and tailored interventions for infected pregnant women, particularly those in later trimesters and with comorbidities, are imperative to reduce the risk of preterm birth and improve maternal-fetal outcomes.
Non-Invasive Retinal Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kaštelan Snježana , Gverović Antunica Antonela , Puzović Velibor , Didović Pavičić Ana , Čanović Samir , Kovačević Petra , Vučemilović Pia Antonia Franciska , Konjevoda Suzana
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain associated with ageing and is the most prevalent form of dementia, affecting an estimated 55 million people worldwide, with projections suggesting this number will exceed 150 million by 2050. With its increasing prevalence, AD represents a significant global health challenge with potentially serious social and economic consequences. Diagnosing AD is particularly challenging as it requires timely recognition. Currently, there is no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may help slow its progression. Existing diagnostic methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and biomarker analysis in cerebrospinal fluid tend to be expensive and invasive, making them impractical for widespread use. Consequently, research into non-invasive biomarkers that enable early detection and screening for AD is a crucial area of contemporary clinical investigation. One promising approach for the early diagnosis of AD may be retinal imaging. As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina offers a distinctive opportunity for non-invasive brain structure and function assessment. Considering their shared embryological origins and the vascular and immunological similarities between the eye and brain, alterations in the retina may indicate pathological changes in the brain, including those specifically related to AD. Studies suggest that structural and vascular changes in the retina, particularly within the neuronal network and blood vessels, may act as markers of cerebral changes caused by AD. These retinal alterations have the potential to act as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Since AD is typically diagnosed only after a significant neuronal loss has occurred, identifying early diagnostic markers could enable timely intervention and help prevent disease progression. Non-invasive retinal imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography, provide accessible methods for the early detection of changes linked to AD. This review article focuses on the potential of retinal imaging as a non-invasive biomarker for early diagnosis of AD. Investigating the ageing of the retina and its connections to neurodegenerative processes could significantly enhance the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of AD, paving the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Phenotypes and Endotypes in Sarcoidosis: Unraveling Prognosis and Disease Course
Authors: Papanikolaou Ilias C. , Chytopoulos Konstantinos , Kaitatzis Dimitrios , Kostakis Nikolaos , Bogiatzis Anastasios , Steiropoulos Paschalis , Drakopanagiotakis Fotios
Published: January 2025

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. In genetically susceptible individuals, the precipitating factors generate, via immunity mechanisms, a host granulomatous response. The granuloma, for unknown reasons thus far, may resolve or may persist and lead to organ damage and fibrosis. Infectious agents, occupational exposure, obesity, smoking and genetic factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Macrophages are important in granuloma formation, and their M1/M2 phenotype is associated with the prognosis of the disease. CD4+ T helper cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. The major contributors appear to be Th1 and Th17.1 cells, whose microenvironmental behavior is dictated by the secretions of macrophages and dendritic cells. Higher levels of Th1 and Th17.1 cells are associated with chronic disease and resistance to corticosteroid treatment. In recent years, advances in the phenotyping of sarcoidosis with the help of HRCT, PET-CT and lung function tests have provided us with a better understanding of the disease. Genetic phenotyping performed by the GenPhenReSa consortium and the SAGA study has led to the recognition of new, distinct phenotypes. The reconstitution of dysregulated autophagy through persistent m-TORC-1 pathways may be a new treatment target in sarcoidosis.
A VCG-Based Multiepitope Chlamydia Vaccine Incorporating the Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit (MECA) Confers Protective Immunity Against Transcervical Challenge
Authors: Medhavi Fnu , Tanner Tayhlor , Richardson Shakyra , Lundy Stephanie , Omosun Yusuf , Eko Francis O.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: We generated a novel recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghost (rVCG)-based subunit vaccine incorporating the A1 subunit of cholera toxin (CTA1) and a multiepitope Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) antigen (MECA) derived from five chlamydial outer membrane proteins (rVCG-MECA). The ability of this vaccine to protect against a CT transcervical challenge was evaluated. Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice were immunized thrice at two-week intervals with rVCG-MECA or rVCG-gD2 (antigen control) via the intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) route. PBS-immunized mice or mice immunized with live CT served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Results: Vaccine delivery stimulated robust humoral and cell-mediated immune effectors, characterized by local mucosal and systemic CT-specific IgG, IgG2c, and IgA antibody and IFN-γ (Th1 cytokine) responses. The elicited mucosal and systemic IgG2c and IgA antibody responses persisted for 16 weeks post-immunization. Immunization with rVCG-MECA afforded protection comparable to that provided by IN immunization with live CT EBs without any side effects, irrespective of route of vaccine delivery. Conclusions: The results underline the potential of a multiepitope vaccine as a promising resource for protecting against CT genital infection and the potential of CTA1 on the VCG platform as a mucosal and systemic adjuvant for developing CT vaccines.
Dysregulation of Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) Signalling Pathway by Supraphysiological Dose of Testosterone in Female Sprague Dawley Rats During Development of Endometrial Receptivity
Authors: Yusuf Allia Najmie Muhammad , Amri Mohd Fariz , Ugusman Azizah , Hamid Adila A , Abd Rahman Izzat Zulhilmi , Mokhtar Mohd Helmy
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study investigated the effects of a supraphysiological dose of testosterone on uterine morphology and the regulation of the leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signalling pathway during endometrial receptivity. Methods: In this study, 30 adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment groups received subcutaneous injections of 1 mg/kg/day of testosterone from gestational day 1 to day 3, either testosterone alone or in combination with inhibitors (anastrozole, finasteride, or both). A control group of six untreated rats was maintained for comparison. Rats were euthanised on the evening of gestational day 4 to examine uterine morphological changes, gene expression and the distribution of proteins associated with the LIF signalling pathway (LIF, LIFR, JAK1 and STAT3) and MUC1 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that the thickness of the endometrium and myometrium, as well as the number of glands, markedly decreased in all testosterone-treated rats. In addition, the mRNA levels of LIF, LIFR, JAK1 and STAT3 were significantly downregulated in response to supraphysiological testosterone treatment, while the mRNA of MUC1 was significantly upregulated. The IHC results were consistent with the mRNA data and confirmed the changes in protein distribution in all treatment groups. Conclusions: A supraphysiological dose of testosterone may impair endometrial receptivity through dysregulation of the LIF signalling pathway, potentially affecting fertility.
Decoding Resistin Gene Polymorphisms: Implications for Lung Cancer Risk and Clinical Outcomes of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Gong Weijing , Huang Dandan , Zhou Tao , Zhu Xinxin , Huang Yifei , Lv Yongning , Zhang Yu , Liu Zhaoqian , Zeng Fang , Wu Sanlan
Published: January 2025

Background: Resistin (RETN), an inflammatory cytokine exhibiting multifaceted roles in cancer progression, has emerged as a plausible mediator between inflammation and oncogenesis. Prior research from our group has highlighted the pivotal role of resistin in carcinogenesis and its impact on drug responsiveness. The present study delves into the relationship between resistin expression and genetic polymorphisms with cancer risk and clinical outcomes among lung cancer patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to assess resistin expression levels in 104 tumor tissues derived from lung adenocarcinoma patients. Additionally, 498 lung cancer patients and 213 healthy controls were recruited for this study, with 467 patients undergoing at least two cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. Unconditional logistical regression analysis was employed to evaluate the associations between RETN polymorphisms and lung cancer risk, as well as clinical outcomes. Genotyping of RETN polymorphisms (rs1862513 and rs3745367) was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY System. Results: The findings revealed a positive correlation between resistin expression in tumor tissues and metastasis (particularly distant metastasis) and overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. However, RETN polymorphisms were not significantly associated with overall survival in lung cancer patients. No substantial association was observed between RETN polymorphisms and lung cancer risk, chemotherapy response, or toxicities, except for rs1862513, which showed a link with severe gastrointestinal toxicity. Meta-analysis results further confirmed the absence of a significant association between RETN polymorphisms and cancer risk. Conclusions: Despite the pivotal role of resistin in carcinogenesis, only the RETN rs1862513 polymorphism emerges as a potential biomarker for gastrointestinal toxicity in lung cancer patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy. However, these findings necessitate validation through well-designed studies with larger sample sizes.
A Finite Element Study of Simulated Fusion in an L4-L5 Model: Influence of the Combination of Materials in the Screw-and-Rod Fixation System on Reproducing Natural Bone Behavior
Authors: Ceddia Mario , Lamberti Luciano , Trentadue Bartolomeo
Published: January 2025

The mechanical properties of materials for spinal fixation can significantly affect spinal surgical outcomes. Traditional materials such as titanium exhibit high stiffness, which can lead to stress shielding and adjacent segment degeneration. This study investigates the biomechanical performance of titanium and PEEK (polyetheretherketone) in spinal fixation using finite element analysis, through the evaluation of the Shielding Strength Factor (SSF). Methods: A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model of an L4/L5 functional spinal unit was developed to simulate the mechanical behavior of three fixation systems: titanium screws and rods (model A), titanium screws with PEEK rods (model B), and PEEK screws and rods (model C). The analysis evaluated stress distribution and load transfer under physiological conditions, in comparison with the intact spine (baseline model). Results: The analysis showed that titanium fixation systems resulted in higher stress shielding effects, with a significant difference in stress distribution compared to PEEK. The maximum stress recorded in the neutral position was 24.145 MPa for PEEK, indicating better biomechanical compatibility. Conclusions: The results suggest that PEEK may be an attractive alternative to titanium for spinal fixation, promoting more healthy load transfer and minimizing the risk of stress shielding complications.
DNA-Based Nanobiosensor for the Colorimetric Detection of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Synthetic Target Oligonucleotide
Authors: Flores Michael Sandino C. , Alocilja Evangelyn C. , Amalin Divina M. , Aguila Mae Joanne B. , Purificacion Marynold V. , Merca Florinia E. , Manuel Ma. Carmina C. , Dimamay Mark Pierre S. , Bautista Ma. Anita M. , Fernando Lilia M.
Published: January 2025

Annually, the Philippines is burdened by a high number of infections and deaths due to Dengue. This disease is caused by the Dengue virus (DENV) and is transmitted from one human host to another by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito. Being a developing country, most of the high-risk areas in the Philippines are resource-limited and cannot afford equipment for detection and monitoring. Moreover, traditional clinical diagnoses of DENV infection are costly and time-consuming and require expertise. Hence, it is important to establish effective vector control and surveillance measures. In this study, we developed a DNA-based nanobiosensor for the colorimetric detection of Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) synthetic target DNA (stDNA S2) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We successfully functionalized dextrin-capped gold nanoparticles with the designed DENV-2 oligonucleotide probes. The detection of the complementary stDNA S2, indicated by the pink-colored solution, was successfully performed within 15 min using 0.40 M NaCl solution. We were able to detect up to 36.14 ng/μL of stDNA S2 with some cross-reactivity observed with one non-complementary target. We believe that our study offers a basis for developing nanobiosensors for other DENV serotypes.
The Functional Origin of Oral Word Production Deficits in the Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hasanovic Amra , Macoir Joël , Sanfaçon-Verret Amélie , Monetta Laura
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Oral word production (OWP) deficits are prominent in the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA); however, their functional origin remains unclear. Some studies suggest a lexical, post-lexical, or even a combined functional origin of these deficits. The aim of the present study was to synthesize and analyze the information on the functional origin of the OWP deficits in patients with lvPPA. Methods: A quantitative systematic literature review was carried out using four databases: CINAHL, PsycINFO, Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, and PubMed. Fourteen studies, including a total of 243 patients with lvPPA, and reporting results on picture naming and/or word and/or pseudoword repetition, were selected. Results: The overall findings of this review highlighted that two main functional origins appear to explain the OWP deficits in lvPPA: a lexical impairment affecting lexical processing and a post-lexical impairment affecting phonological short-term memory. Interestingly, the possibility of a third functional origin, affecting the semantic processing level, was also suggested by some studies. Conclusions: We concluded that the presence of different functional origins of OWP in this population may be explained, at least partially, by the diversity of assessment tasks used in studies and the varied manipulation and control of psycholinguistic properties of words (e.g., frequency, length), as well as the various interpretations and analyses of the participants’ errors. Further studies are needed to substantiate these findings by examining all the components involved in OWP, carefully manipulating the psycholinguistic properties and qualitatively analyzing the errors made by lvPPA participants.
18F-FDG Brain PET/CT Metabolic Imaging in Patients with Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE) in the Early Stage: Can the Procedure Play a Complementary Diagnostic Role?
Authors: Marongiu Andrea , Galleri Paolo , Mura Antonio , Solla Paolo , Madeddu Giuseppe , Spanu Angela , Nuvoli Susanna
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Recent studies reported that 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron –emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), even in comparison with other traditional methods, can play a role in diagnosing AE and supporting early treatment. In the present study, we further investigated whether 18F-FDG PET/CT may be a complementary diagnostic tool to conventional procedures in patients with acute symptoms of suspected AE in the early phase. Methods: Eleven consecutive patients with recent acute symptoms suggestive of AE were retrospectively enrolled and underwent brain PET/CT after receiving an intravenous injection of 3.7 MBq/kg of 18F-FDG. Results: PET/CT showed abnormal FDG uptake in 9/11 patients classified as AE, while it was negative in the remaining 2/11 cases with vascular lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), conducted in only 10/11 cases—one patient was a pacemaker wearer—identified suspected AE areas in 3/10 cases, ischemic lesions in another 3/10, and nonspecific data in the remaining 4/10 cases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests revealed autoantibody delayed occurrence only in three patients (anti-GAD65, anti-Ma2, and anti-LGI1). After first-line treatment, 3/9 patients showed clinical improvement. Another 3/9 patients experienced partial improvement but with recurrence and new AE brain areas identified by PET/CT, which also detected favorable responses to second-line treatment in 2/3 cases. The remaining 3/9 patients, who were not responsive to treatment, ultimately died. Conclusions: In this study, PET/CT was effective in early identification of AE and enabling rapid therapy, even with inconclusive MRI and persistently negative or delayed positive CSF tests. PET/CT may aid in evaluating treatment response and detecting relapse. Notably, a negative PET/CT was associated with AE absence.
Interaction Between Social Support and Muscle Dysmorphia: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Social Media Use
Authors: Giordano Fiorenza , Calaresi Danilo , Castellani Loriana , Verrastro Valeria , Feraco Tommaso , Saladino Valeria
Published: January 2025

Muscle dysmorphia (MD) consists of a type of body dysmorphic disorder and involves a distorted perception of one’s muscles, strict diets, and workouts. Mostly, studies focus on adult male athletes, especially bodybuilders, while research on adolescents and women is limited. Our study aims to explore potential protective or risk factors influencing MD, using a mediation model calculated through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and at the same time help to involve female individuals in the exploration of a distress traditionally and predominantly analyzed only in male individuals. The model examines whether problematic social media use (PSMU) and generalized self-efficacy (GSE) are potential first- and second-level mediators, respectively, in the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and MD. The sample consisted of 2325 individuals of both sexes aged 14–29 years. Structural equation models were used to assess effect sizes, regressions, and direct and indirect effects of perceived social support on muscle dysmorphia and general self-efficacy both on problematic social media use and muscle dysmorphia. Our results suggest that inadequate perceived social support may reduce individuals’ perceived effectiveness in managing daily challenges, potentially leading to problematic use of social media, which may contribute to muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Future interventions could promote a healthier perception of one’s body, improving confidence in individuals’ coping strategies and strengthening the social environment of reference.
The Effects of Hotel Employees’ Attitude Toward the Use of AI on Customer Orientation: The Role of Usage Attitudes and Proactive Personality
Authors: Wang Peng , Hou Yong
Published: January 2025

Along with the development and application of artificial intelligence technology, intelligent services are also emerging in the travel industry. Especially in the tourism and hotel industry, many organizations have started to introduce AI to assist their employees. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of employees’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of AI on customer orientation, and further analyze the mediating role of attitudes toward use and the moderating role of a proactive personality. A questionnaire was administered to hotel employees in Liaoning Province, China, and hypothesis testing was conducted using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 22.0. It was found that the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly and positively influenced usage attitudes and customer orientation. The usage attitudes mediated between perceived usefulness/perceived ease of use and customer orientation. Proactive personality moderated the effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on usage attitudes. This study not only theoretically enriches the research related to technology acceptance modeling, but also practically provides suggestions for hotel managers to manage their employees after the introduction of AI.
Detection Method for Safety Helmet Wearing on Construction Sites Based on UAV Images and YOLOv8
Authors: Jiao Xin , Li Cheng , Zhang Xin , Fan Jian , Cai Zhenwei , Zhou Zhenglong , Wang Ying
Published: January 2025

With the increasing demand for safety management on construction sites, traditional manual inspection methods for detecting helmet usage face challenges such as low efficiency, limited coverage, and strong subjectivity, making them inadequate for modern construction site safety requirements. To address these issues, this study proposes a helmet detection method based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the YOLOv8 object detection algorithm. The method utilizes UAVs to flexibly capture construction site images, combined with the optimized YOLOv8s model, and employs transfer learning to annotate and train labels for “person” and “helmet”. Additionally, to improve detection accuracy, the study introduces matching criteria and a time-window strategy to further reduce false positives and negatives. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve efficient and accurate helmet usage detection in diverse construction site scenarios, significantly enhancing the automation and reliability of site safety management. Despite its excellent performance, future research should focus on optimizing real-time adaptability and improving performance in complex environments. This study provides an innovative and efficient technical solution for construction site safety management, contributing to the creation of safer and more efficient construction environments.
An Improved Gaussian Mixture Model-Based Data Normalization Method for Removing Environmental Effects on Damage Detection of Structures
Authors: Pei Xue-Yang , Huang Hai-Bin , Cao Peng
Published: January 2025

In structural health monitoring, effectively eliminating the influence of variable environmental conditions on modal frequencies remains a critical challenge for accurate damage identification. Nonstationary and nonlinear variations in modal frequencies, commonly induced by environmental changes, tend to overshadow the effects caused by structural damage. An improved Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is proposed in this paper to normalize nonlinear and nonstationary frequency data, enabling effective structural damage detection under variable environmental conditions. As the effectiveness of the GMM is highly influenced by the initial parameter values used in the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, a subdomain division strategy is first presented to determine the unique initial values of the GMM parameters. Through the application of the EM algorithm, the GMM is constructed simply and efficiently through the determined initial parameters. Next, on the basis of the constructed GMM, the modal frequency data are normalized to extract damage features that remain unaffected by environmental variations. Subsequently, Hotelling’s T2 statistic and its cumulative form are calculated for the damage features and designated as the damage indicators; meanwhile, the corresponding damage thresholds are also calculated according to the kernel density estimation technique. To validate the proposed method, two case studies are conducted: one with a numerical mass-spring system and the other with a real bridge structure. Results show that environmental influences no longer impact the normalized frequency data, and the cumulative statistic demonstrates outstanding accuracy in identifying structural damage.
Energy-Based Analysis of Time-Dependent Deformations in Viscoelastic Truss Systems
Authors: Tekin Gülçin
Published: January 2025

Truss systems are essential structural elements widely utilized for their lightweight design, high load-bearing capacity, and structural efficiency. This study introduces a novel energy-based method for analyzing time-dependent deformations in viscoelastic truss systems, applicable to both statically determinate and indeterminate configurations. The primary objective is to develop a total potential energy (TPE) functional that explicitly incorporates viscoelastic effects, system parameters, material properties, and loading conditions. Unlike conventional methods that treat viscous terms as non-conservative and lacking a clear energy representation, the proposed approach facilitates a direct and efficient energy-based formulation of the governing equations. The methodology employs the Laplace transform to simplify the problem and an inverse Laplace transform to recover solutions in the time domain. This systematic approach ensures accurate results while reducing computational effort, making it both time-efficient and straightforward to implement. A key advantage of the proposed method is its adaptability to various viscoelastic material models, such as the Kelvin–Voigt and Standard Linear Solid (SLS) models, and its applicability to diverse loading conditions, including step and impulsive loads. To validate the method, numerical analyses are conducted on truss systems subjected to different time-dependent loading scenarios. The results demonstrate the method’s capability to accurately predict the time-dependent behavior of viscoelastic trusses, addressing a significant gap in the literature by providing benchmark solutions. The proposed framework offers a computationally efficient alternative for analyzing viscoelastic structures, facilitating their integration into practical structural design and improving the prediction of long-term deformation behavior. This study provides a reliable and innovative solution for analyzing viscoelastic truss systems, making it a valuable tool for engineers and researchers working with time-dependent materials in structural applications.
Retrospectively Quantified T2 Improves Detection of Clinically Significant Peripheral Zone Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sun Haoran , Wang Lixia , Daskivich Timothy , Qiu Shihan , Lee Hsu-Lei , Gao Chang , Saouaf Rola , Lo Eric , D’Agnolo Alessandro , Kim Hyung , Li Debiao , Xie Yibin
Published: January 2025

Background: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) as a non-invasive imaging tool is important in prostate cancer (PCa) detection and localization. Combined with radiomics analysis, features extracted from mpMRI have been utilized to predict PCa aggressiveness. T2 mapping provides quantitative information in PCa diagnoses but is not routinely available in clinical practice. Previous work from our group developed a deep learning-based method to estimate T2 maps from clinically acquired T1- and T2-weighted images. This study aims to evaluate the added value of the estimated T2 map by combining it with conventional T2-weighted images for detecting clinically significant PCa (csPCa). Methods: An amount of 76 peripheral zone prostate lesions, including clinically significant and insignificant cases, were retrospectively analyzed. Radiomic features were extracted from conventional T2-weighted images and deep learning-estimated T2 maps, followed by feature selection and model development using five-fold cross-validation. Logistic regression and Gaussian Process classifiers were employed to develop the prediction models, with performance evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy metrics. Results: The model incorporating features from both T2-weighted images and estimated T2 maps achieved an AUC of 0.803, significantly outperforming the model based solely on T2-weighted image features (AUC of 0.700, p = 0.048). Conclusions: Radiomics features extracted from deep learning-estimated T2 maps provide additional quantitative information that improves the prediction of peripheral zone csPCa aggressiveness, potentially enhancing risk stratification in non-invasive PCa diagnostics.
Deciphering the Role of Cancer Stem Cells: Drivers of Tumor Evolution, Therapeutic Resistance, and Precision Medicine Strategies
Authors: El-Tanani Mohamed , Rabbani Syed Arman , Satyam Shakta Mani , Rangraze Imran Rashid , Wali Adil Farooq , El-Tanani Yahia , Aljabali Alaa A. A.
Published: January 2025

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in tumor progression, recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapies, making them a critical focus in oncology research. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of CSC biology, emphasizing their self-renewal, differentiation, and dynamic interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Key signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog, are discussed in detail to highlight their potential as therapeutic targets. Current methodologies for isolating CSCs are critically examined, addressing their advantages and limitations in advancing precision medicine. Emerging technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and single-cell sequencing, are explored for their transformative potential in unraveling CSC heterogeneity and informing therapeutic strategies. The review also underscores the pivotal role of the TME in supporting CSC survival, promoting metastasis, and contributing to therapeutic resistance. Challenges arising from CSC-driven tumor heterogeneity and dormancy are analyzed, along with strategies to mitigate these barriers, including novel therapeutics and targeted approaches. Ethical considerations and the integration of artificial intelligence in designing CSC-specific therapies are discussed as essential elements of future research. The manuscript advocates for a multi-disciplinary approach that combines innovative technologies, advanced therapeutics, and collaborative research to address the complexities of CSCs. By bridging existing gaps in knowledge and fostering advancements in personalized medicine, this review aims to guide the development of more effective cancer treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Leveraging Vector-Based Gene Disruptions to Enhance CAR T-Cell Effectiveness
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz C. , Bari Saaurav , Melenhorst J. Joseph
Published: January 2025

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a breakthrough in the treatment of relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), inducing long-term, sometimes curative, responses. However, fewer than 30% of CLL patients achieve such outcomes. It has been shown that a smaller subset of T cells capable of expansion and persistence is crucial for treatment effectiveness. Notably, a pre-existing mutation in the epigenetic regulator TET2, combined with CAR vector-induced disruption of the other intact allele, significantly enhanced the potency of the CAR-engineered T-cell clone in one CLL patient. This finding aligns with independent research, suggesting that the CAR gene’s genomic insertion site influences tumor-targeting capability. Thus, it is plausible that vector-induced gene disruptions affect CAR T-cell function. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on vector integration into the host genome and its impact on clinical outcomes in CAR T-cell therapy patients. Our aim is to inform the development of improved therapies and enhance their overall efficacy.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride Using TiO2/CdS on Nickel Foam Under Visible Light and RSM–BBD Optimization
Authors: Zhu Kefu , Ma Lizhe , Duan Jieli , Fang Zhiyong , Yang Zhou
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) using a TiO2/CdS composite nanocatalyst synthesized on flexible nickel foam via a dipping–pull method. By comparing the photocatalytic degradation of TCH by TiO2/CdS with different precursor ratios, it was found that TiO2/CdS-1.43% exhibited better photocatalytic degradation performance. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the TiO2/CdS composite retains the characteristic peaks of both TiO2 and CdS, indicating the successful formation of the composite. According to the analysis of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), the absorption edge of TiO2/CdS is approximately 530 nm. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show Cd and S evenly, densely distributed in TiO2/CdS, further validating its successful synthesis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals that Cd and Ti elements exist in the forms of Cd2+ and Ti4+, respectively. TiO2/CdS loading uniformity on the nickel foam was assessed using super-depth microscopy. The removal efficiency of 10 L of 20 mg/L TCH solution achieved 53.89%, respectively, under response surface methodology—Box–Behnken design (RSM–BBD) optimal conditions (28 g catalyst, 325 rpm, pH = 9.04 within 150 min). Furthermore, five successive cycling experiments demonstrated strong stability, with a catalyst loss of only 4.44%. Finally, free radical scavenging experiments revealed that ·O2− radicals are the primary active species. This study highlights the potential of TiO2/CdS composites supported on nickel foam for efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic pollutants in water.
Analysis of Exon Skipping Applicability for Dysferlinopathies
Authors: Leckie Jamie , Rodriguez Sebastian Hernandez , Krahn Martin , Yokota Toshifumi
Published: January 2025

Exon skipping, mediated through antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), is a promising approach to exclude pathogenic variants from the DYSF gene and treat dysferlinopathies. Understanding the applicability of various exon skipping strategies in the total patient population, an analysis not previously performed, can help guide researchers in prioritizing therapies with the broadest potential impact. Using data from the UMD-DYSF database, we evaluated all reported pathogenic variants in dysferlinopathy patients for the applicability of single- or double-exon skipping approaches to exclude the pathogenic variants while maintaining the open reading frame. A total of 61 theoretically applicable exon skipping strategies were identified, with the potential to address 90.0% of the pathogenic variants reported—44.6% through single-exon skipping and 45.3% through double-exon skipping. The most broadly applicable targets include exons 28 and 29 (9.0%), exons 27 and 28 (6.7%), and exons 50 and 51 (5.4%). While numerous theoretically applicable strategies were identified, it remains unclear if the truncated proteins produced through each exon skipping strategy will have improved functionality to alleviate patient symptoms. Further preclinical studies and clinical trials will be essential to determine the effectiveness of these therapies, potentially expanding access to disease-modifying treatments for dysferlinopathy patients.
Wnt Pathway-Targeted Therapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Integrating Benchside Insights with Bedside Applications
Authors: Nayak Anirudh , Streiff Hannah , Gonzalez Ivan , Adekoya Oluwabomi Oluwatomi , Silva Itzcoatl , Shenoy Anitha Kota
Published: January 2025

The Wnt signaling pathway is critical in the onset and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Anomalies in this pathway, often stemming from mutations in critical components such as adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or β-catenin, lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival. In the case of colorectal cancer, dysregulation of the Wnt pathway drives tumor initiation and growth. Similarly, aberrant Wnt signaling contributes to tumor development, metastasis, and resistance to therapy in other GI cancers, such as gastric, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Targeting the Wnt pathway or its downstream effectors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for combating these highly aggressive GI malignancies. Here, we review the dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of GI cancers and further explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the various components of the Wnt pathway. Furthermore, we summarize and integrate the preclinical evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of potent Wnt pathway inhibitors with completed and ongoing clinical trials in GI cancers. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of Wnt pathway-targeted therapies in GI cancers to overcome these concerns for effective clinical translation.
GJA1-20k, a Short Isoform of Connexin43, from Its Discovery to Its Potential Implication in Cancer Progression
Authors: Fournier Sarah , Clarhaut Jonathan , Cronier Laurent , Monvoisin Arnaud
Published: January 2025

The Connexin43 transmembrane protein (Cx43), encoded by the GJA1 gene, is a member of a multigenic family of proteins that oligomerize to form hemichannels and intercellular channels, allowing gap junctional intercellular communication between adjacent cells or communication between the intracellular and extracellular compartments. Cx43 has long been shown to play a significant but complex role in cancer development, acting as a tumor suppressor and/or tumor promoter. The effects of Cx43 are associated with both channel-dependent and -independent functionalities and differ depending on the expression level, subcellular location and the considered stage of cancer progression. Recently, six isoforms of Cx43 have been described and one of them, called GJA1-20k, has also been found to be expressed in cancer cells. This isoform is generated by alternative translation and corresponds to the end part of the fourth transmembrane domain and the entire carboxyl-terminal (CT) domain. Initial studies in the cardiac model implicated GJA1-20k in the trafficking of full-length Cx43 to the plasma membrane, in cytoskeletal dynamics and in mitochondrial fission and subcellular distribution. As these processes are associated with cancer progression, a potential link between Cx43 functions, mitochondrial activity and GJA1-20k expression can be postulated in this context. This review synthetizes the current knowledge on GJA1-20k and its potential involvement in processes related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the proliferation, dissemination and quiescence of cancer cells. Particular emphasis is placed on the putative roles of GJA1-20k in full-length Cx43 exportation to the plasma membrane, mitochondrial activity and functions originally attributed to the CT domain.
Lysosome Functions in Atherosclerosis: A Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Wang Zhengchao , Li Xiang , Moura Alexandra K. , Hu Jenny Z. , Wang Yun-Ting , Zhang Yang
Published: January 2025

Lysosomes in mammalian cells are recognized as key digestive organelles, containing a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that enable the processing of both endogenous and exogenous substrates. These organelles digest various macromolecules and recycle them through the autophagy–lysosomal system. Recent research has expanded our understanding of lysosomes, identifying them not only as centers of degradation but also as crucial regulators of nutrient sensing, immunity, secretion, and other vital cellular functions. The lysosomal pathway plays a significant role in vascular regulation and is implicated in diseases such as atherosclerosis. During atherosclerotic plaque formation, macrophages initially engulf large quantities of lipoproteins, triggering pathogenic responses that include lysosomal dysfunction, foam cell formation, and subsequent atherosclerosis development. Lysosomal dysfunction, along with the inefficient degradation of apoptotic cells and the accumulation of modified low-density lipoproteins, negatively impacts atherosclerotic lesion progression. Recent studies have highlighted that lysosomal dysfunction contributes critically to atherosclerosis in a cell- and stage-specific manner. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of lysosomal biogenesis and its regulatory role in atherosclerotic lesions. Based on these lysosomal functions, we propose that targeting lysosomes could offer a novel therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis, shedding light on the connection between lysosomal dysfunction and disease progression while offering new insights into potential anti-atherosclerotic strategies.