bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation versus open hemorrhoidectomy in second degree hemorrhoids
Authors: Ammanagi Amit Shivshankar , Mathew Tony
Published: April 2019

Background: Hemorrhoids affects the quality of life and leads to significant pain and discomfort. The current study was done to evaluate the results of comparative treatment of rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy and open hemorrhoidectomy.Methods: This was a prospective study done on 90 patients with second grade internal hemorrhoids attended to the Department of General Surgery at S. Nijalingappa Medical and Research Centre, Bagalkot during the study period from 2012 November to 2013 December. Systemic examination and basic investigations were done. According to severity and type of symptoms, patients are subjected for open hemorrhoidectomy (n=30), banding (n=30) and sclerotherapy (n=30).Results: Occurrence of hemorrhoids was seen between the age group of 36 to 45 years. Out of 90 patients 52 were males and 38 were females. Common presenting complaint was bleeding per rectum and mass per rectum in 33.33% of patients. Postoperative hospital stay was 1 day in the groups treated with rubber band ligation and sclerotherapy and in open hemorrhoidectomy 28 patients stayed for 3 days and 2 patients for 5 days. About 70% of patients belonging to rubber band ligation and sclerotherapy group gave excellent response to the same.Conclusions: In our study, rubber band ligation technique was found to be more cost effective and reliable to treat second grade hemorrhoids with lesser postoperative complications followed by sclerotherapy and hemorrhoidectomy.
A IONTOPHORETIC DELIVERY OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES CONTAINING ROPIVACAINE: SUSTAINING THE ANESTHETIC EFFECT IN CHILDREN.
Authors: Yu Tao , Zhang Shengjie , Cao Xu , Liu Chengyao
Published: April 2019

The present clinical trial investigates the sustaining anesthetic effect of Ropivacaine when administered as epidural injection followed by transdermal patch with and without Reverse electrodialysis (RED) system in order to maintain anesthesia in children. It also focuses on rate of release of drug in-vitro when administered with RED system. The transdermal patch of Ropivacaine was prepared using evaporation technique enclosing 25 mg of Local anesthetic Ropivacaine. Thus prepared patches were evaluated for physical parameters like folding endurance, tensile strength, in vitro drug release etc. The thicknesses of the patches were in the range of 0.02 ±0.006 to 0.04 ± 0.007 mm with 95.79 ±1.85 to 97.45±0.07 % drug content. The average weight and tensile strength was found to be 0.15±0.2 to 0.17±0.18 gm and 0.42±0.006 to 0.58±0.002 kg/cm2. The folding endurance of the patches was in range of 155.21 ±0.2 to 167± 0.29 and content of moisture was 1.43±0.23 % to 2.97±0.23 %. The formulation shows In - vitro release in Phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as 55.56 % to 89.23 ± 0.24 % in 24 hr with reverse electrodialysis system attached and 43.76 % to 81.23 ± 0.14 % in 24 hr without reverse electrodialysis system. The children of different age groups, different body weight with no premedication of anesthetic of analgesic were selected as subjects with written informed consent and divided into two groups depending upon RED system to be attached or not. The patches with and without RED system were attached to forearm of subjects and trial is run. The results obtained showed that patch when attached with reverse electrodialysis system showed greater potential for thermal threshold, lowering of cool sensation and depth of pain.
Keywords: Child Anesthesia, Iontophoresis, Reverse Electrodialysis ,Ropivacaine, Transdermal Patch.
Techniques for express-evaluation of mass and volume characteristics of descent vehicles
Authors: Minenko V.E. , Kosenkova A.V. , Bykovsky S.B. , Yakushev A.G.
Published: April 2019

The article considers the method of determining the mass and volume characteristics of descent vehicles (DV) based on statistical data on various types of similar vehicles, as well as on using analytical dependencies obtained on the basis of a statistical analysis. Descent module of “Soyuz” class was adopted as the basic version of the device-analog. The dependences allow performing mass analysis of aerospace vehicles in a fairly wide range of overall dimensions, where the requirements for uniformity of the power circuit are maintained and traditional methods of designing a thermal protection system are used. To calculate the masses and volumes of the systems and units, dependencies on the characteristic dimensions of the DV are mainly used, which, as a first approximation, makes it easy to determine the DV volume-mass characteristics when refining the aerodynamic shape and ergonomic factors which require device reconfiguration. This analysis is convenient to use when determining the mass and volume characteristics of an DV at the stage of preliminary design, and the presented material, in perspective, can be used as an additional element for a software package for choosing optimal forms of DV
Analysis of impact of anaerobic condition on the aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus Speare
Authors: Kumar Maneesh Department of Biotechnology, Mag , Kumar Harish , Topno Roshan Kamal , Kumar Jainendra
Published: April 2019

Aflatoxins are the natural carcinogens that are the best characterized as fungal secondary metabolites. The producers that are responsible for aflatoxin biosynthesis are strongly associated in toxic contamination of essential agricultural
products. Aspergillus parasiticus is an exclusive fungus that participates in causing hepatic problems in humans and cattle. These mycotoxins are greatly influenced by abiotic stresses. The fungal growth, proliferation and its toxigenicity are highly
influenced by these stresses. Present study aimed to restrict the mycelial growth and to prevent aflatoxin preparation in A. parasiticus under the anoxic stress. The monosporic strains of A. parasiticus were grown in two different Erlenmeyer conical
flasks containing Czapek Dox Broth and Czapek Dox Agar under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The anoxic condition was maintained using Anaero Bag System. Aflatoxin was isolated after 10 days, and quantitative estimation was done by using High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The experimental outcome showed that there was a drastic decrease in both the morphological growth and the aflatoxin biosynthesis of A. parasiticus in anoxic state.
Returns from pulses in different regions of rajasthan at alternative price scenarios
Authors: Sharma Latika , Bhushan Bharat
Published: April 2019

Rajasthan is a major producer of pulses along with Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. In 2013-14 Rajasthan had total area of 4197.7 thousand hectares under pulses with production of 2490.9 thousand tones and
productivity of 593 kgs/ha. Moong and moth in kharif season and gram in rabi season are grown extensively in Rajasthan. The study is primarily based on plot-level data collected from the 600 representative households of 60 tehsils for block period
(2008-09 to 2010-11) for Rajasthan under CCS scheme of Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi. The study examined the nutrient consumption level, nutrient and irrigation subsidies availed by the
pulses per hectare. The net returns of various pulses to the farmer, to the society and to the environment were estimated across zones. Pea, arhar, lentil and black gram were the pulses providing highest net return to the farmer at market price.
After deducting the cost of subsidies which is a cost to the society, moong and gram in arid and semiarid zones and pea and arhar in central and south eastern humid zones gave highest net return at economic price. The estimated results for technical,
allocative and cost efficiency indicated that the farmers were not operating at optimal scale and there is large scope for increasing output through factors which are under control of farmers. Lentil and arhar were most technical and cost efficient
pulse crops while moong is the least technical and cost efficient pulse. In most of the pulses, on an average, the overwhelming cause of inefficiency is technical rather than allocative.
Effect of application various combination of fertilizers and manure on sugarcane production and juice quality
Authors: Kumar Joginder , Kumar Vijay , . Kavita
Published: April 2019

An experiment was conducted during 2016-17 at Regional Research Station, Karnal of CCS Haryana Agricultural University. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments viz. Control (No fertilizer), 50% recommended dose (RD) of NPK, Recommended dose
(RD) of NPK, Soil test based (STV) NPK, FYM@15t/ha + 50% RD NPK, FYM@15t/ha + 100% RD NPK, FYM@15t/ha + NPK based on STV, FYM@10t/ha + Bio fertilizers (BF) +50%RD NPK, FYM@10t/ha+BF+100% RD NPK, FYM@10t/ha + BF+ STV NPK. The application of 100% RD
NPK or STV NPK significantly increased the cane yield and yield attributes viz. germination percentage (35.4 to 40.74 %), cane girth (2.08 to 2.44 cm), cane length (2.28 to 2.67 m) and cane weight (0.64 to 0.78 kg cane-1), NMC (91417 to 97223),
sucrose% (16.60 to 18.02%), CCS% (11.3 to 12.51%) over control. The application of FYM@15 t ha-1+50% RD NPK achieved the similar cane yield as achieved by the application of 100% RD NPK. The application of FYM@15t ha-1+100% RD NPK had the maximum
cane yield (93.23 t ha-1) and yield attributes parameters viz. germination percentage 44.91 %, cane girth 2.73 cm, cane length 2.97 m, cane weight 0.92 kg, NMC 101399 followed by the application of FYM@10t/ha+BF+100% RD NPK, and these treatment
significantly increased cane weight and yield over RD NPK.
Detoxification assessment of Aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus under the effect of Calendula officinalis Linn’s methanolic extract
Authors: Mishra Jyoti Department of Botany and Biotechno , Kumar Maneesh , Sharan Ajai Kishore , Kumar Jainendra
Published: April 2019

Calendula officinalis Linn (pot marigold) possess potential pharmacological activities which might be considered as an excellent cause, in scheming the aflatoxin biosynthesis in the aflatoxigenic fungi. The aim of the present study was to
assess the antifungal activity of methanol extracts of the plant petals against biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Aspergillus flavus. The antifungal potential of methanolic extract of C. officinalis was evaluated against the toxigenic fungus on
Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) and Czapek Dox Broth (CDB) Media, using disc diffusion assay. The use of C. officinalis extract on the A. flavus culture showed the significant inhibition of AFB1up to 59.50% along with the reduction of mycelial growth to about
24.82%. Although, the treatment of the AFB1 with the extract for 5 hours at 80ºC which led to 78.48%. The work well established the inhibitory role of C. officinalis extract in order to reduce the AFB1 threat.
DİL DEĞİŞİMİ VE TELEVİZYON SUNUCULARININ DİL KULLANIMI
Authors: TOMBUL İşıl
Published: April 2019

1980 sonrası kendini daha net hissettiren küreselleşme, iletişim alanındaki teknolojik gelişmeler ve özel kanalların yayına başlaması vb. etkenlerle dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de kültürel değişim, hızlı bir değişim içine girmiştir. Dilin canlı bir varlık olmasından dolayı kültürel dönüşüm öncelikle kendini dilde göstermektedir. Dilin temsilcileri olarak görülen sunucuların dil kullanımı; kitle iletişim araçlarının gücünden dolayı, dildeki değişim süreci içinde önemli bir etkendir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın amacı; özel yayıncılığın başlamasından sonraki dönemde kendini daha belirgin hissettiren televizyondaki dil değişimini incelemektir. Çalışmanın temel sorunsalları; kültürel değişimin sonucu olarak dildeki değişim, kamu kanalı ve özel kanalların dili kullanma biçimleri ve dil kullanımındaki fark ve genel olarak televizyonda değişen dil kullanımıdır. Bu amaçla kamusal kanal TRT 1 ve özel kanallar Kanal D ile ATV’nin sabah programları ile akşam haberlerinden oluşturulan 2006 yılına ait toplam otuz programlık örnekleme nitel içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Dil değişimi; dilbilimi, iletişim, sosyoloji gibi birçok disiplini içeren multidisipliner bir konudur. Sunucuların konuşmaları incelenip kamu ve ticari kanalların arasındaki sunumların farkları, dilbilimsel bir analizden çok iletişimsel bir analizle ortaya konmuştur.
QUANDO O CORPO DANÇA SUAS EXPERIÊNCIAS: INSPIRAÇÕES NO LEGADO DE PINA BAUSCH
Authors: Castro Crystian Danny da Silva , Berté Odailso Sinvaldo
Published: April 2019

À luz dos processos criativos da coreógrafa alemã Pina Bausch, este estudo analisa a criação da coreografia “Sobre Ser...”. A abordagem metodológica utilizada é a A/r/tografia, justo por ser caráter de inter-relacionar as experiências do artista-professor-pesquisador, utilizando de conceitos como experiência, memória, corpomídia e dança performativa. O uso de experiências para a criação articulam um processo criativo coautoral e uma forma de dança contemporânea entendida como um fazer-dizer do corpo que pensa sobre suas experiências e as reconstrói artisticamente.
SISTEMA LABAN/BARTENIEFF DE ANÁLISE DE MOVIMENTO: Grandes Temas - Caminhos para uma Prática Criativa de Dança na Educação Infantil
Authors: Fedrizzi el Andari Luísa
Published: April 2019

Este estudo apresenta considerações a partir de propostas de trabalho com dança para crianças de quatro a seis anos, que se encontram na Educação Infantil. A temática principal destas propostas parte dos Grandes Temas do Sistema Laban/Bartenieff de Análise de Movimento. Verificam-se referenciais nacionais para a Educação Infantil. Apresentam-se ideias de autores que refletem sobre a dança no contexto escolar. São apontados possíveis caminhos para a prática criativa do Sistema Laban/Bartenieff com crianças dentro do contexto supracitado. As propostas são aplicadas e verificadas em duas escolas de educação infantil da cidade de Caxias do Sul – RS.
A DANÇA E AS RELAÇÕES DE GENERO: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE A INTERAÇÃO ENTRE MENINOS E MENINAS EM UMA AULA DE DANÇA
Authors: Andreoli Giuliano Souza , Canelhas Larissa
Published: April 2019

Nesse artigo apresentamos uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi compreender como a aula de dança pode se configurar em espaço de experiências generificantes. Utilizamos para isto o conceito de gênero. Através da análise de observações realizadas em aulas de dança do projeto PIBID, realizado pela Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, as reflexões transitam pelos cenários nos quais as relações de gênero se constituíram, implicando no pensar e fazer dança. Os resultados apontam que há hierarquizações entre os meninos e as meninas no contexto das aulas de dança, bem como formas generificadas de organização das práticas de dança, mas que algumas mudanças na intervenção dos/as professores/as já começam a acontecer.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A DISCIPLINA DE ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR OBRIGATÓRIO I E II DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM DANÇA DA UFG
Authors: Figueiredo Valeria , Paiva Warla Giany
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho busca apresentar um panorama da implementação da disciplina Estágio Curricular Obrigatório I e II, do curso de licenciatura em dança da Universidade Federal de Goiás – UFG, ministrada no primeiro semestre de cada ano aos estudantes do 5º e 6º períodos. Busca-se com isso apontar e tecer reflexões relativas às várias transformações ocorridas ao longo da disciplina no que concerne sua estrutura e organização, bem como, as mudanças significativas que a implementação dinâmica da mesma tem provocado nos campos de estágio. As atividades da disciplina iniciaram em 2013. O estágio I e II acontecem em um mesmo campo de estágio, no qual, o primeiro momento é voltado para a investigação em torno dos aspectos que compõem a gestão escolar, projeto político pedagógico, currículo e as teorias pedagógicas. E no segundo momento, aos estudos sobre propostas pedagógicas para o ensino de dança em ambiente escolar com ênfase na regência. No decorrer desse processo observamos mudanças nos campos de estágio e na própria instituição formadora, revelando uma complexa trama política, educacional e social. Esta teia de tensões propiciou o desejo e a necessidade de uma reflexão mais sistemática da disciplina objetivando acompanhá-la em seus primeiros anos de implementação levantando as potencialidades, os aspectos desafiantes e problematizadores. Utilizamos como referencial teórico estudos de Paulo Freire, Demerval Saviani, Ilma Passos, Marli André, Karenine Porpino, entre outros.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Rodrigues Vanessa Longarai
Published: April 2019

No ano em que se completa o decenário do falecimento de Pina Bausch a Revista da FUNDARTE tem a honra de fazer uma Edição Especial recheada de artigos e ensaio somente com textos de Dança e se propõe homenagear não só o legado de Pina Bausch como também a Dança como um todo. Esta edição intitulada Dança: ensinar e aprender apresenta ao leitor artigos muito variados que vão desde um resgate histórico, reflexões sobre o corpo até questionamentos muito atuais sobre a legislação.
Goat Meat Production and Evaluation of Its Sustainability in Turkey
Authors: KOŞUM Nedim , TAŞKIN Turğay , ENGİNDENİZ Sait , KANDEMİR Çağrı
Published: April 2019

Goat meat is a great source of protein that is easily found. Although known to raise cholesterol levels and blood pressure, but goat meat also have health benefits when consumed in appropriate portions. According to data of the Turkish Statistical Institute, there are still 10.63 million goats in Turkey. Hair goats constitute approximately 98 % of goat population. 37.525 tons of red meat produced from 2.07 million slaughtering goat meat in 2017. This represents only 3.3 % of the total Turkish red meat production, which is at 1.13 million tons. The main purpose of this study is to analyses recent developments in goat meat production in Turkey and evaluation of its sustainability. Further, current consumer trends for goat meat have been discussed and alternative marketing channels and strategies for goat meat have been evaluated in this study. Statistical data have been obtained from FAOSTAT and Turkish Statistical Institute. Data obtained have been shown in the tables issued by the use of percentage and index calculations. Socio-demographic variables like education or the presence of children and geographic variables are important in determining demand for goat meat. If problems of goat breeders are solve by short- and long-term precautions in Turkey, goat farming will make important contributions at regional and national level. Firstly, goat farming in Turkey should be supported directly and indirectly in accordance with EU standards.
Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (PITCCN): Psychometric Evaluation
Authors: Ito Hirokazu , Tanioka Tetsuya , Miyamoto Mie , Miyagawa Misao , Yasuhara Yuko , Locsin Rozzano C.
Published: April 2019

Background: The theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (TCCN) was developed by Locsin (2005) to guide the expression of “technological competency as caring in nursing” among practicing nurses. While the Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Instrument (TCCNI) was developed and translated into other languages, no instrument measuring the TCCN among Japanese nurses was developed and tested. Thus, the Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency of Caring in Nursing (PITCCN) was developed and improved. Aim: The aim of this study was to validate the PITCCN using construct validity through structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods: The PITCCN is a four-factor questionnaire. The PITCCN was distributed to four hospitals (402 nurses) from selected Shikoku District in Japan. The theoretical model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Exploratory factor analysis and CFA via a SEM were used to justify construct validity, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was determined to establish reliability of constructs using SPSS and AMOS 25.0. Results: Finding shows that the chosen fit index test like Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), and Normed Fit Index (NFI) are greater than 0.80 as set by the requirement. The values of the chi-square/degree of freedom (CMIN/DF), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI), and Root Mean Square of Error Approximation (RMSEA) showed acceptable to good fit. Conclusion: GFI of the structure model was acceptable.
Information interaction of libraries with children at risk
Authors: Dolgovykh I. V. , Maslakova M. V. , Patrakova L. I.
Published: April 2019

The topic relevance is increasing due to the children number rise of homeless, dysfunctional, incomplete, low-income, left without parental care, from families using destructive methods, bringing to congenital disorders of the physical and psychological development, who could falling into unfavorable environment take the path of asocial behavior, disharmonious development and, as a result, getting into the «risk groups».  The article objective is to determine the library involvement in preventing the children at risk neglect through multiformat forms of the work popularizing books and reading for the educational and cultural development of children.  N. V. Stetsenko describes children at risk groups as exposed to biological, psychological, social influences, their tendency to offenses, violence and other types of antisocial behavior. Сhildren at risk include the following categories: gifted children; poorly educated; children with disabilities; children from problem and dysfunc­tional, asocial families; pedagogically neglected children; children from families in need of socio-economic and socio-psychological assistance and support.  Currently, the work of a librarian with children at risk is an urgent problem related to growth of families and minors of the «special attention group», where the library task is to reach the maximum number of children attracted to the library. Difficult children is a complicated category; therefore, library and information workers need to know the characteristics of such children, effective methods and methods of educational and preven­tive work. Сhildren at risk need to adapt to the world around them, broaden their horizons, communicate with their peers, organize leisure activities, express themselves creatively, receive information and services, and satisfy their intellectual needs. The library has the staff, resources and means capable to form a harmoniously developed child personality , including children at risk.  The library is designed to create for readers not only comfortable (it's important), but productive conditions with the point of intellectual growth, for example, the reader’s participation in organizing library activities (storytelling, makerspace, creative workshops, etc.). The modern library helps to reduce the number of «disadvantaged children», heals the social environment, makes it more friendly and safe for a child.
Meningkatkan Penyesuaian Diri Siswa Terhadap Program Peminatan MIPA Melalui Bimbingan Klasikal Teknik Sosiodrama
Authors: Zakiyyah Ayu Lailatuz , Muslikah Muslikah
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research is to know empirically the effectiveness of classical sociodrama techniques to improve the adjustment of students ten class MIPA specialization program. The method of this research is experimental research, and use one group pretest-posttest design. Subjects were taken using simple random sampling technique with threety six students. The instrument that used in this research is the scale of adjustment to the MIPA specialization program. Data analysis using analysis describtive. The results showed that this study was effective. From the results of this research, It means that the classical guidance of sociodrama techniques is effective to improve the adjustment of students ten class MIPA specialization program.
An Oil Spill Preparedness Journey
Authors: Shahnavas Shahreena , Chee Amanda H. , Melisa Edelina
Published: April 2019

Nine years on, the Macondo Gulf of Mexico oil spill still has profound and transformative repercussions for our industry. While these have generally resulted in increased awareness on the importance of a robust oil spill preparedness program, there are some operators who unfortunately still "settle" for the bare minimum, simply to meet regulatory requirements. This paper discusses the importance of viewing oil spill preparedness as a series of process steps and explores the tools and support available in the industry, including the IOGP/IPIECA Joint Industry Project (JIP) Oil Spill Response.

An excellent way to start the process of improving preparedness is through assessing the organisation’ s current capability, both in terms of what has been managed well and key areas for improvement. Whether it is a new facility or an old one, this capability review helps in giving an overview of where the organization stands in terms of its readiness to combat an oil spill. Based on the outcomes, it is then the organisation's responsibility to prioritise and agree on the forward plan. This helps them drive the improvement and set focus on a common goal. It is important to get this first step right, as it establishes the tone and defines the success of the preparedness journey. This can be achieved by engaging competent personnel and appropriate stakeholders throughout the journey to allow for meaningful discussion while in a non-emergency situation. The subsequent steps in the preparedness journey are aimed at building competencies and continuously improving the oil spill response capability. This includes developing or updating plans as well as conducting trainings and exercises.

The potential consequences of not maintaining a robust preparedness programme may not be readily apparent during peacetime. However, when an incident strikes, even a minor deficiency in preparedness could prove to be detrimental to the organization. The real case experiences highlighted in this paper will illustrate how the cost and effort put into maintaining preparedness can provide exponential pay-back in a spill.
5 Senses to Know Safety: Approach to Improve Safety Behavior through Participation and Interaction
Authors: Abqari Fakhrian , Rivaldi Muhammad
Published: April 2019

It is a common practice in most of the company to put safety as first priority on their activities. It becomes commitment to ensure the safe workplace and behavior of its personnel as part of its culture. Many programs created to build behavior of personnel and familiarize company rules, law, and habit on taking consideration during work and daily life. In Eni Indonesia, the program developed by using the philosophy of ‘5 senses to know safety’ which are hear, see, speak, feel, and think, as a concept of participation and interaction of personnel.

This paper will describe the new approach on how company developing the culture by strengthening the value of participation and interaction as part of the program. The concept is created to achieve good safety behavior of the worker (both operative site and office) as part of the journey to operational excellence. Review on literatures starts defining the right approach on how human perspective could be driven to meet company expectation on safety. It will become basis to create the program where worker may participate and take the value of the program as part of their habitual behavior.

In the concept of building behavior, there are several elements to be established by the company. Strong basis on safe design (engineering approach), management system, and human performance which becomes framework on how safety culture is managed. As part of the journey to operation excellence, human behavior is one of the important aspects where it becomes common causal of the accident during work. Observation on several sample of worker at office and operative-site, indicates that different perception of people on seeing the safety matters lead to the different participation level on safety programs.

Participation and interaction becomes one of the key that will bring worker perception on valuing safety as part of their core and changing paradigm on ‘do because I must do’ to ‘do because I need to do’. Company develop program where the positive approach is used. It is in form of HSE League where all elements of the company must participate as part of their performance objectives. The competition is held to gain personnel feelings by doing and create new sense of ownership on safety. It results the increase of participation of personnel before and after the program. It indicates the participation can be raised by having strong commitment of management, consistency, engagement, repetitive program, interesting, and recognition to all participant.
Cultural Change to Improve HSE Performance: Through the Eyes of an Operator and a Drilling Contractor
Authors: Dennon Scott , Bauer Wayne
Published: April 2019

A&A is a daily Strategy as opposed to monthly "focus areas" favored by many companies. A&A requires personnel to do things every day to influence behavior whilst ensuring key systems do not have error enforcing gaps. A&A is a "Leadership Skills Implementation Strategy that drives Leadership for Performance with Safety"
The Oasis Solution-Turning Challenges into Opportunities via Integrated Unconventional Sustainable Solution in Managing Waste from Petroleum Operation
Authors: Che Arshad Afzariah binti , M Basri Ana Hasrinatullina , Peterson Cynthia Ann , Rahim Ir. Fazli , Mohd Faiz Mohd Zohdee , M Anuar M Ghazali
Published: April 2019

Managing produced water, hazardous waste & open pits in onshore oil & gas operations presents multitude of challenges including high water cut, unavailability and effectiveness of wastes disposal facilities & backfilling material, which warrant PETRONAS to find a holistic solution to resolve these challenges. With the implementation of The OASIS Solution, these challenges can be effectively managed and convert them into valuable resources that will benefit our operations and contribute to the upgrading of the surrounding communities.

Upon successful implementation, this solution will address the high water cut wells that in turn, will unlock potential additional barrels of oil, and potentially provide cleaner water for irrigation purpose, fuel pellet for waste incinerator, fertilizer for agriculture and insoluble material as pits's backfilling medium.
The Standardised Approach to Evaluate Risk by Using Layer of Protection Concept in Risk Assessment for Operational Safety
Authors: Srisurichan Surapit , Apinyovichien Narongrit , Tiengtrong Wannoptida
Published: April 2019

The simplified approach to calculate risk is the development of semi-quantitative approaches mixing between the risk matrix and Layer of Protection concepts. Risk assessments can be difficult, time consuming, with variable outcomes based upon a number of factors, e.g. team members, their competency, their understanding in risk assessment, and risk perception, etc. This new approach helps to minimize these concerns and allows assessments, to be undertaken more quickly.

The new approach is an application of the LOPA technique, combined with elements of the qualitative criteria from a designed risk matrix to access the adequacy of the risk reduction measures provided for an activity when performing risk assessment report for operational safety.

The main purpose of this work is to demonstrate that Layer of Protection concept can be applied for personnel safety risk risk assessment to ensure the measures for prevention and mitigation employed appropriately result in a level of risk reduction to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP).

This approach also assists a risk assessor to avoid common errors during performing hazard identification and risk assessments.
Fight to be Fit Wellness Program as a Tool for Improving Employee Health Parameter
Authors: Joko Iwan Susilo , Wanasida Sugih Surjadi
Published: April 2019

Objectives

A wellness program is a program to encourage and help our employees implement active and healthy lifestyle to achieve some targeted health parameters. Based on our company data, most of non-work-related fatalities (87%) are caused by cardiac event. Fight to be Fit wellness program will play major role to prevent more cardiac event in the workplace and make healthier and more productive workforce.

Methods, Procedures, Process

The program is set for 6 months from May 1st up to Oct 31st, 2017 and is designed on voluntary basis. The participant forms a group consist of 4 people. The committee provide the participant regular educational class such as coaching class/health session/seminar done by expert and group/one on one counselling session related with wellness, sports, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer to increase participant’s health awareness. The committee also support many physical activities such as group and self-physical activities, sport event collaboration with company sports club, and sports Olympic program to facilitate participant’s exercise. Baseline body weight and waist circumference is taken at beginning of the program and regularly monitored on monthly basis. Participant is required to record the physical activities into an online logbook to get the score. The total score is calculated from attending educational classes, doing physical activities, current BMI, current waist circumference, and ability to stop smoking.

Results

One thousand six hundred and seventy-six participants or 35% of total employee join the program. 116 direct coaching classes/health talks and 273 instructor led exercises are conducted during the program. At the end of the program, participant can achieve 1,845 kg total body weight reduction and 3,483 cm waist circumferences reduction in total. In addition, there are 35 employees who manage to stop smoking at the end of the program.

Conclusion

Fight to be Fit wellness program can help participant to be healthier and more productive. It is important to drive participant behavior change to maintain and do healthy lifestyle continuously.
Using Technology to Aid Communications in the Medical Emergency Response of a Remote Industrial Site
Authors: Hills Max , Harley Hazel
Published: April 2019

Objectives / Scope

To ensure effective and efficient communications in a mass casualty response scenario at a remote industrial site with limited clinical personnel.

Methods, Procedures, Process

Changing site conditions including transitioning to a Major Hazard Facility with an increased risk profile, reduction in on-site clinical resources, and the introduction of new emergency processes prompted a rethink of Chevron Australia’s existing medical emergency communications and the development of an electronic tracker.

Information in medical emergency situations had traditionally been communicated verbally via radio or phone. When SMART triage cards with eight-digit "unique identifiers" were introduced, communicating via this technology increased the potential margin of error.

An electronic tracker allows every level of response to receive timely, reliable information they require for decision-making purposes during an emergency event.

The tracker was developed with a separate page for each level of response; Field, Casualty Clearing Post, Evacuation/Logistics and Perth Emergency Management. The barcode "unique identifier" is electronically read at the Casualty Clearing Post and entered as initial patient data. Data only needs to be entered once and automatically pre-populates the additional pages, such that coordinators can carry out their response duties efficiently and effectively.

The electronic tracker was developed and trialed during site emergency exercises, resulting in refinements to make it more user friendly and reduce errors. The final tracker is now utilized simultaneously at three levels of the organization, providing all levels of response with information necessary for their role.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

There have been amendments to the tracker following emergency exercise evaluation. However, from its inception, patient data errors have reduced significantly to the point that irregularities can be identified and rectified in the appropriate area.

Chevron Australia’s Perth Emergency Management Team have access to accurate, timely information for their briefings. The tracker enables clinical and emergency coordination staff to have accurate, timely information of the patient journey and reduces their need to communicate and receive verbal messages.

Novel/Additive Information

Demonstration of the electronic tracker will be provided.
Workplace Management of Carcinogens, Mutagens and Reproductive Toxicants
Authors: Abu-Bakar A’edah , Fukumura Masao , Inayat Hussain Salmaan Hussain
Published: April 2019

Objectives/Scope

Establishment of a harmonized hazard classification of chemicals to facilitate management of carcinogens, mutagens, and reproductive toxicants (CMR) in the workplace.

Methods

In developing CMR chemicals inventory of a Malaysia-based multi-national company, chemical databases of three governmental agencies—EU CLP, Japan NITE and Germany GESTIS, and two non-governmental agencies, IARC and CONCAWE—were referred to. These agencies classified chemicals based on the UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), and the IARC classification was read-across to the GHS classification. The Malaysian Industry Code of Practice (ICoP) on Chemicals Classification and Hazard Communications was also referred to. Applying these comprehensive databases, CMR chemicals were screened out of the chemical registries of twenty operations. If classification variation occurred among the above agencies, the most stringent classification was adopted.

Results

Based on chemicals CAS number, a total of 250 chemicals used in twenty operations were identified as C, M and/or R. Of these, 19.6% were classified as carcinogens (C), 4% were mutagens (M) and 26.4% were reproductive toxicants (R). The other 50% of the 250 chemicals were classified as chemicals that can cause multiple-toxicities: 18.8% are carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic (CMR) chemicals; 16.4% are carcinogens and reprotoxic (CR) chemicals; 8.4% are carcinogens and mutagens (CM); and 6.4% are mutagens and reprotoxic (MR). An identification process flow based on the list and the respective SDS was established to assist effective chemical health risk assessment in the workplace. This method is a minimal cost approach in identifying and prioritizing hazardous chemicals for further exposure assessment or safer alternatives at the workplace.

Novel/Additive Information

The method is not restricted to chemical health hazard identification. Its application can be extended to identification of physico-chemical and environmental hazards. Importantly, this cost-effective approach can be utilized by multi-national companies, as well as small and medium size enterprise with limited toxicological expertise and funding.
Hazard Assessment for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Petroleum Refinery Operations Using Multi-Country Regulatory Databases.
Authors: Ismail Maihani , Inayat Hussain Salmaan Hussain , Yoneda Minoru , Latif Mohd. Talib
Published: April 2019

This study aims to facilitate the prioritization of hazardous air pollutants potentially emitted from petroleum refinery operations based on their carcinogenicity (C), mutagenicity (M) and reproductive toxicity (R) through hazard assessment using multi-country governmental regulatory databases. 176 hazardous air pollutants which were reported as being emitted by petroleum refineries were initially selected for hazard analysis. CMR classification for these pollutants were obtained from PETRONAS SHIELD system as well as country databases, which includes hazard classifications based on the United Nations Globally Harmonised System from Australia, China, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, and Turkey. The most stringent classifications were assigned should there be discordance in classifications across the country databases. A scoring system that yields a maximum total score of 60 if all CMR were Category 1A and a minimum score of 0 if none of the hazards were classified was applied to quantitatively rank the pollutants. Among the countries, Japan and South Korea have the highest number of classified hazardous air pollutants across C/M/R. 121 pollutants (68.8%) have C/M/R classification or their combinations. 68 pollutants have classification for C, 40 for M and 51 for R. Vast difference in CMR classifications can be observed between the countries, with 12 pollutants’ classification ranged between 2 (suspected human C/M/R agent) to 1A (known human C/M/R agent). 18 HAP scored between 40-60, with Benzene topping the list with maximum score of 60, followed by Benzo(a)pyrene, 1,3-Butadiene, Arsenic and Cadmium.
A Risk-Based Approach to Provision of Medical Services at Remote Sites
Authors: Harley Hazel , Hills Max
Published: April 2019

Objectives / Scope

To develop a risk assessment tool for measuring the level of medical services required at remote sites during a medical emergency.

Methods, Procedures, Process

At Chevron Australia, in addition to on-site clinical resources, Medivac and Medical Support Procedures provide rotary wing and fixed wing medical evacuation from our sites when required.

According to definitions prescribed by the Institute of Remote Healthcare (IRHC) 2013, all of Chevron Australia's operating environments are considered "remote" or "extreme remote" locations.

"Critically" ill patients are defined as those patients who are at high risk for actual of potential life-threatening health problems, due to either illness of injury. Importantly, these critically ill patients require expedient medical treatment within the first hour after presentation to enable the greatest opportunity of survival.

Lifesaving medical interventions due to workplace injury are rarely required on our sites, however, emergency medical events representing a risk to life have occurred, e.g. onset of angina, stroke etc. Such events require appropriately trained personnel, medical equipment and consumables as well as appropriate infrastructure and procedures to achieve the best possible outcome for the patient.

To ensure the best medical response is deployed, a risk-based guideline for provision of medical services has been developed, which provides a structured approach to determining level of medical service required.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

The risk-based guideline has been developed alongside the learnings from previous operational reviews to maximise effectiveness.

Novel, Additive Information

The Risk Assessment Tool will be presented.
Advocating Human Rights in Supply Chain
Authors: Raja Musa Raja Tatina , Heng Jing Yi
Published: April 2019

This paper will provide an overview of human rights implementation in the PETRONAS supply chain since the establishment of the company's Human Rights Commitment in 2015. The implementation involved embedding relevant human rights elements throughout the entire supply chain management process, starting from contractor licensing and registration to the performance evaluation of contractor at the end of contract lifecycle. This paper will also discuss on the key success factors and challenges faced in ensuring effective implementation.

The key success of PETRONAS Human Rights Commitment implementation in supply chain is derived from many factors, namely top leadership support in driving the execution and strong collaboration between Social Performance and Procurement fraternities. As a result, PETRONAS has embarked on a series of enhancement to its procurement process, which includes the introduction of Contractors Code of Conduct on Human Rights and inclusion of human rights in the General Terms and Conditions of all contracts. PETRONAS also intensified its capability building efforts for both employees and contractors to ensure that the human rights requirements are cascaded effectively and well-understood across the supply chain.
Environmental Friendly Drilling Fluid Additives: Can Food Waste Products be Used as Thinners and Fluid Loss Control Agents for Drilling Fluid?
Authors: Al-Hameedi Abo Taleb , Alkinani Husam H. , Dunn-Norman Shari , Alashwak Nawaf A. , Alshammari Abdullah F. , Alkhamis Mohammed M. , W. Albazzaz Hussien , Mutar Rusul A. , Alsaba Mortadha T.
Published: April 2019

Conventional chemical additives used in controlling drilling fluid properties have a severe drawback on the environment and personnel safety. The commercially available additives are non-biodegradable materials and have negative impacts when released to the environment. Thus, there is a great need for new environmental friendly biodegradable drilling fluid additives that can help to control the drilling fluid properties with the least effects on the environment and the workers’ health.

This study investigates the introduction of biodegradable food waste product, which is Potato Peels Powder (PPP) to be used as environmental friendly drilling fluid additive. The effects of adding various concentrations of PPP on the chemical and the physical properties of the drilling mud (e.g. mud weight (MW), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), the filtration characteristics, and pH) were evaluated. The evaluation included conducting lab experiments with full-set measurements following the specifications of the American Petroleum Institute (API), such as filtration loss and corrosion control rate

The effects of adding different concentrations of the bio-enhancer additive (PPP) were measured and recorded using mud balance, a standard API viscometer, a standard low-pressure and temperature (LPLT) filter press, chemical titration, and other drilling lab equipment. Then, all results of PPP were compared with the properties of the reference water-based mud (spud mud) in order to assess and validate the effects of biodegradable additives and their effectiveness in optimizing the performance of water-based mud.

The results showed that PPP had a negligible effect on mud weight and solid content. However, PPP tangibly influenced the rheological properties in terms of maximizing plastic viscosity and minimizing yield point and gel strength. Also, PPP significantly improved the filtration characteristics by reducing the fluid loss and mud cake thickness, suggesting their applicability to be used as an excellent fluid loss control agent. Moreover, PPP additives resulted in increasing sodium chloride (NaCl); consequently, resistivity was reduced. Finally, PPP additives resulted in a reduction in alkalinity and calcium ions content (Ca++). These experimental results show that Potato Peels Powder (PPP) has the potential to be used as an alternative to some of the conventional chemical additives, and hence reducing the amount of non-biodegradable waste disposed to the environment, avoiding the personnel safety, and minimizing the drilling cost.