bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of Pluchea lanceolata on dementia induced by omeprazole in experimental rats
Authors: ASİRVATHAM Raju , PRASAD NEDİYARA Priya , PA Daiay , JOHN G Boby
Published: April 2022

Omeprazole is the most commonly used proton pump inhibitor (PPI), a prospective cohort study reported that chronic use of PPI’s cause dementia. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Pluchea lanceolata (HAEPL) on dementia induced by omeprazole in experimental rats. Total 42 trained rats were divided into 7 groups, each group with six rats. First group received normal food and water for 21 days. Three groups of animals treated with 20mg/kg of omeprazole for 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. Another three groups of animals received 400mg/kg of HAEPL + 20mg/kg of omeprazole for 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. Behavioural studies were conducted on 0th, 7th, 14th and 21st days of treatment by using actophotometer, elevated plus maze (EPM) and cook’s pole climbing apparatus. The next day of behaviour study respective group animals were sacrificed, brain was isolated for estimation of antioxidant, neurotransmitters and histopathological studies. Locomotor activity, number of entry into open arms and time taken to climb the poles were significantly reduced in 20 mg/kg of omeprazole treated rats whereas activity, learning, memory were restored in 400mg/kg of HAEPL treated rats with respect to duration of exposure. Alteration of antioxidant enzyme, neurotransmitter level and histopathological events were found with disease control rats which also corrected by the administration of 400mg/kg of HAEPL. Co-administration of P, lanceolata extract diminishes the progress of dementia caused by omeprazole and may be a potential corner stone in the treatment strategies for researchers and clinicians.
Effects of sub-chronic exposure of male albino rats to some insecticides on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the kidney with molecular docking
Authors: TAHA Mostafa , BADAWY Mohamed , ABDEL-RAZİK Reda , YOUNİS Hassan , ABO-EL-SAAD Mahmoud
Published: April 2022

The present study evaluated the adverse effects of three widely used insecticides in the Egyptian environment on mitochondrial bioenergetic and oxidative stress biomarkers in the rat kidney. Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid were orally administrated to male albino rats at 1/50 of the LD50 for 28 days by 5 doses /week. The insecticides caused a significant in vivo decrease in the activities of mitochondrial bioenergetic biomarkers; NADH dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and mitochondrial oxidative stress biomarkers; superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S- transferase (GST) while the malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents (PCC) were significantly increased. Further, chromatography analysis demonstrated that 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2DG) increased considerably in rat urine as a DNA damage biomarker. The kidney deficiency was confirmed by histological examination and in silico simulation analysis (Molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET)). The alterations in the tested parameters were confirmed by the symptoms of histological deformation in kidney tissues, demonstrating the hazardous effects. The laboratory results showed the impact of the tested insecticides in conformity with the in silico simulation analysis (molecular docking and ADMET).
Effectiveness of Using Hypercontent Based E-Module to Improve College Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Pujiati Pujiati , Rahmawati Fanni , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Maydiantoro Albet
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using hypercontent based e-module to improve college students' critical thinking skills on curriculum and learning subjects. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control design. The findings of this study show that: 1) E-module can be stated as good quality, but it needs to be developed more, 2) having learnt by using hypercontent based E-Module, college students' critical thinking skill is effective, 3) the responses of college students toward hypercontent based E-Module development can be accepted well and positively by them. The conclusion of hyperconternt based E-Module effectively improves college students' critical thinking skills.
Simultaneous learning of directional and non-directional stimulus relations in baboons (Papio papio)
Authors: Chartier Thomas F. , Fagot Joël
Published: April 2022

While humans exposed to a sequential stimulus pairing A-B are commonly assumed to form a bidirectional mental relation between A and B, evidence that non-human animals can do so is limited. Careful examination of the animal literature suggests possible improvements in the test procedures used to probe such effects, notably measuring transfer effects on the learning of B-A pairings, rather than direct recall of A upon cuing with B. We developed such an experimental design and tested 20 Guinea baboons (Papio papio). Two pairings of visual shapes were trained (A1-B1, A2-B2) and testing was conducted in a reversed order, either with conserved pairings (B1-A1, B2-A2) or broken ones (B1-A2, B2-A1). We found baboons’ immediate test performance to be above chance level for conserved pairings and below chance level for broken ones. Moreover, baboons needed less trials to learn conserved pairings compared to broken ones. These effects were apparent for both pairings on average, and separately for the best learned pairing. Baboons’ responding on B-A trials was thus influenced by their previous A-B training. Performance level at the onset of testing, however, suggests that baboons did not respond in full accordance with the hypothesis of bidirectionality. To account for these data, we suggest that two competing types of relations were concomitantly encoded: a directional relation between A and B, which retains the sequential order experienced, and a non-directional relation, which retains only the co-occurrence of events, not their temporal order.
More than random responding: Empirical evidence for the validity of the (Extended) Crosswise Model
Authors: Meisters Julia , Hoffmann Adrian , Musch Jochen
Published: April 2022

The Randomized Response Technique (Warner, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 60, 63-69, 1965) has been developed to control for socially desirable responses in surveys on sensitive attributes. The Crosswise Model (CWM; Yu et al., Metrika, 67, 251-263, 2008) and its extension, the Extended Crosswise Model (ECWM; Heck et al., Behavior Research Methods, 50, 1895-1905, 2018), are advancements of the Randomized Response Technique that have provided promising results in terms of improved validity of the obtained prevalence estimates compared to estimates based on conventional direct questions. However, recent studies have raised the question as to whether these promising results might have been primarily driven by a methodological artifact in terms of random responses rather than a successful control of socially desirable responding. The current study was designed to disentangle the influence of successful control of socially desirable responding and random answer behavior on the validity of (E)CWM estimates. To this end, we orthogonally manipulated the direction of social desirability (undesirable vs. desirable) and the prevalence (high vs. low) of sensitive attributes. Our results generally support the notion that the ECWM successfully controls social desirability bias and is inconsistent with the alternative account that ECWM estimates are distorted by a substantial influence of random responding. The results do not rule out a small proportion of random answers, especially when socially undesirable attributes with high prevalence are studied, or when high randomization probabilities are applied. Our results however do rule out that random responding is a major factor that can account for the findings attesting to the improved validity of (E)CWM as compared with DQ estimates.
From eye movements to scanpath networks: A method for studying individual differences in expository text reading
Authors: Ma Xiaochuan , Liu Yikang , Clariana Roy , Gu Chanyuan , Li Ping
Published: April 2022

Eye movements have been examined as an index of attention and comprehension during reading in the literature for over 30 years. Although eye-movement measurements are acknowledged as reliable indicators of readers’ comprehension skill, few studies have analyzed eye-movement patterns using network science. In this study, we offer a new approach to analyze eye-movement data. Specifically, we recorded visual scanpaths when participants were reading expository science text, and used these to construct scanpath networks that reflect readers’ processing of the text. Results showed that low ability and high ability readers’ scanpath networks exhibited distinctive properties, which are reflected in different network metrics including density, centrality, small-worldness, transitivity, and global efficiency. Such patterns provide a new way to show how skilled readers, as compared with less skilled readers, process information more efficiently. Implications of our analyses are discussed in light of current theories of reading comprehension.
Peningkatan Literasi Menulis Kreatif melalui Gelar Wicara Daring
Authors: Aprilia Fitria , Neisya Neisya , Yanti Cita Hikmah , Syaputri Komala Dwi
Published: April 2022

Keterampilan menulis kreatif merupakan salah satu jenis keterampilan berbahasa yang dituntut untuk dikuasai oleh siswa. Sayangnya, unsur penting menulis kreatif seperti berpikir kritis, kepekaan emosi, bakat, dan daya imajinatif siswa masih cukup memprihatinkan sehingga perlu dipacu agar memuluskan proses penulisan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk membuka wawasan peserta tentang manfaat menulis kreatif melalui penyampaian informasi, an memotivasi peserta supaya mereka memanfaatkan karya tulisnya. Kegiatan ini berbentuk gelar wicara daring melalui aplikasi zoom meeting pada tanggal 22 Desember 2021 di Universitas Bina Darma dengan tema menulis kreatif. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 108 peserta yang terdiri dari pelajar, mahasiswa dan masyarakat umum di Indonesia. Peserta gelar wicara tidak hanya berasal dari Provinsi Sumatera Selatan saja, namun juga dari Jayapura, Sulawesi Selatan, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Padang, dan Riau. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa peserta mendapatkan ilmu baru khususnya di bidang menulis kreatif, meningkatnya antusiasme peserta yang menunjukkan bahwa para peserta tercerahkan dan dapat menyerap penjelasan dengan sangat baik, menumbuhkan minat dan motivasi siswa, mahasiswa, dan masyarakat umum terhadap pentingnya Literasi di era industri 5.0 ini. Peserta juga diarahkan agar dapat mandiri dan memperoleh income dari tulisan-tulisan kreatif yang tidak hanya mereka tulis, namun juga mereka coba publikasikan di berbagai media.
Pelatihan Implementasi Aplikasi Penjualan Berbasis Website Pada UMKM Toko Harova
Authors: Effendi Pradita Maulidya , Wade Daniel Sathya Jyoti , Muwachid Ivan Priya , Pradana Gilang Aji , Aminulloh Achmad Fanani
Published: April 2022

Toko Harova adalah salah satu Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Surabaya yang saat ini membutuhkan dukungan teknologi informasi dalam bidang usahanya.  Tidak adanya catatan yang terekam dengan baik, pemilik sering mengalami out of stock pada barang dagangannya, serta kesulitan memantau pengeluaran dan pendapatan usahanya secara berkala. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan kepada pemilik terkait implementasi aplikasi penjualan berbasis website yang telah dibuat pada Toko Harova. Dalam aplikasi ini terdapat enam menu yang dapat diakses bebas oleh pemilik toko, diantaranya menu barang, kategori barang, pembelian ke pemasok, transaksi penjualan, laporan pengeluaran, dan laporan transaksi. Dari hasil kegiatan yang dilakukan, peningkatan pemahaman pemilik toko terhadap aplikasi meningkat 40% dari 35%, dan keterampilan pemilik menggunakan aplikasi juga meningkat 40% dari 25%.
An annotated checklist of Chilopoda from Afghanistan
Authors: Dyachkov Yurii V.
Published: April 2022

An annotated checklist of Chilopoda from Afghanistan is provided: 16 species (11 genera, 7 families, and 4 orders). Six species are known from Afghanistan only, five of them are known from the type locality only. The data on habitat records and distribution within Afghanistan, remarks for each species are provided.
Additional records of marine bivalves from Iraq, with a provisional checklist for the marine bivalves of Iraq
Authors: Yasser Amaal Gh. , Naser Murtada D. , Oliver P. Graham , Darweesh Haider , Al-Khafaji Khaled
Published: April 2022

Specimens of four species of Bivalvia not previously recorded from Iraq were discovered. These are Didimacar tenebrica, Aspidopholas obtecta, Neotrapezium sublaevigatum, and Barbatia trapezina which belong to the Noetiidae, Pholadidae, Trapezidae and Arcidae families, respectively. All specimens were collected alive from the intertidal zone of the northwest Persian-Arabian Gulf, Iraq, in the Fao region. Although these species are widespread in the Persian-Arabian Gulf, our study is the first to report them along the Iraqi coast. A provisional checklist of marine bivalves of Iraq is presented listing 32 species of which 21 have been verified from specimens or photographs. This list is compared with data from adjacent coasts of Kuwait and Iran.
Ethnobotanical review of Bunium bulbocastanum (Black Cumin) for the treatment of diseases: The clinical and mechanistic evidence
Authors:   MSc, Research scholar, Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104., Vedant Kamal M , Belle Vijetha Shenoy ,   MD, Associate professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104., Pai Sreedhara Ranganath K ,   Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104.
Published: April 2022

Over many centuries, traditional medicines have been used by many countries throughout the world and reflect the vital part of healthcare. The use of traditional medicine has gained popularity in the last few decades and expanded globally. The traditional Indian medicine, Ayurveda being the most ancient yet promoting and supporting extensive research and therapies for various health needs. Bunium bulbocastanum, also known as kala jeera (black cumin), is a member of the Apiaceae family. Its fruit has been used for food for several years, and it can be consumed raw or cooked to add taste. This plant and its derivatives have antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-diabetes, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Bunium bulbocastanum is also well known ayurvedic medicinal plant used to treat a variety of ailments including throat infections, cold, fever, and hyperglycemia. The previous studies have also explored that the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of the fruit extract of Bunium bulbocastanum have been shown to have anti-cancer activity on lung cancer and cervical cancer cell lines. Recently, traditional herbal medicinal plants and its derivatives have gained importance as they are easily accessible and have less than minimal risk of side effect. There is no review article which explored the potential health benefits of Bunium bulbocastanum. The present review focuses on a detailed survey of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant.
Does the Use of Fish Oil Supplements Prolong Benign Pediatric Epistaxis?: A Case Report
Authors: PAKSOY Nur
Published: April 2022

Fish oil is a widely used reinforcer for children by families nowadays due to its many structural and functional benefits. Although its positive effects on children’s mental development have been demonstrated widespread in some studies, there is no clear view about the necessity of its use in childhood. Besides the side effects of this promising supplement have not been fully illuminated, its use may cause susceptibility to bleeding, as mentioned in many different literature studies. The present case is a remarkable presentation of a prolonged benign pediatric epistaxis caused by fish oil, often preferred among supplements and used for children today. The patient’s condition improved significantly following the discontinuation of the reinforcement (fish oil). We submit our case to emphasize that the use of such products should also be subject to a standard assessment, based on our clinical experience. We suggest that only physicians decide to initiate fish oil in patients who needed it; more importantly, we also consider that they must monitor them closely as it can have side effects.
BUSINESS PARTNERSHIPS FOR CRISES MANAGEMENT IN THE AVIATION COMPANIES
Authors: Jūras Donatas , Radzevičienė Asta
Published: April 2022

In 2021, aviation industry companies are facing one of the biggest crisis during the last two decades. Due to that, affected aviation companies must adapt their business models and rearrange their business interactions. The article describes the impact of the crises on aviation companies and crises management to decrease damage to the business. The concept of the crises is discussed as well as its nature, typology, unique factors, and classification based on scientific literature. The article briefly covers the biggest crises the aviation industry suffered in the last decades. Business partnership management is discussed as one of the instruments to decrease the effect of the crisis, to manage and neutralize them. The paper provides insights into criteria for partner selection in the aviation industry and based on expert evaluationseeks to provide insights how aviation companies can choose and evaluate their business partners.
Classifying Be Star Variability With TESS. I. The Southern Ecliptic
Authors: Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Carciofi Alex C. , Henrique de Amorim Tajan , Rubio Amanda , Luiz Figueiredo André , Ticiani dos Santos Pedro , Thomson-Paressant Keegan
Published: April 2022

TESS photometry is analyzed for 430 classical Be stars observed in the first year of the mission. The often complex and diverse variability of each object in this sample is classified to obtain an understanding of the behavior of this class as a population. Ninety-seven percent of the systems are variable above the noise level, with timescales spanning nearly the entire range of what is accessible with TESS, from tens of minutes to tens of days. The variability seen with TESS is summarized as follows. Nearly every system contains multiple periodic signals in the frequency regime between about 0.5 and 4 day−1. One or more groups of closely spaced frequencies is the most common feature, present in 87% of the sample. Among the Be stars with brightening events that are characteristic of mass ejection episodes (18% of the full sample, or 31% of early-type stars), all have at least one frequency group, and the majority of these (83%) show a concurrent temporary amplitude enhancement in one or more frequency groups. About one-third (34%) of the sample is dominated by longer-term trends (timescales >2 day). Low-frequency stochastic signals are prominent in about 25% of the sample, with varying degrees of intensity. Higher-frequency signals (6 < f < 15 day−1) are sometimes seen (in 15% of the sample) and in most cases likely reflect p-mode pulsation. In rare cases (∼3%), even higher frequencies beyond the traditional p-mode regime (f > 15 day−1) are observed.
TOI-1670 b and c: An Inner Sub-Neptune with an Outer Warm Jupiter Unlikely to Have Originated from High-eccentricity Migration
Authors: Tran Quang H. , Bowler Brendan P. , Endl Michael , Cochran William D. , MacQueen Phillip J. , Gandolfi Davide , Persson Carina M. , Fridlund Malcolm , Palle Enric , Nowak Grzegorz , Deeg Hans J. , Luque Rafael , Livingston John H. , Kabáth Petr , Skarka Marek , Šubjak Ján , Howell Steve B. , Albrecht Simon H. , Collins Karen A. , Esposito Massimiliano , Van Eylen Vincent , Grziwa Sascha , Goffo Elisa , Huang Chelsea X. , Jenkins Jon M. , Karjalainen Marie , Karjalainen Raine , Knudstrup Emil , Korth Judith , Lam Kristine W. F. , Latham David W. , Levine Alan M. , Osborne H. L. M. , Quinn Samuel N. , Redfield Seth , Ricker George R. , Seager S. , Serrano Luisa Maria , Smith Alexis M. S. , Twicken Joseph D. , Winn Joshua N.
Published: April 2022

We report the discovery of two transiting planets around the bright (V = 9.9 mag) main-sequence F7 star TOI-1670 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. TOI-1670 b is a sub-Neptune (

R

b

=

2.06

−
0.15

+
0.19

R
⊕) on a 10.9 day orbit, and TOI-1670 c is a warm Jupiter (

R

c

=

0.987

−
0.025

+
0.025

R
Jup) on a 40.7 day orbit. Using radial velocity observations gathered with the Tull Coudé Spectrograph on the Harlan J. Smith telescope and HARPS-N on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we find a planet mass of

M

c

=

0.63

−
0.08

+
0.09

M
Jup for the outer warm Jupiter, implying a mean density of

ρ

c

=

0.81

−
0.11

+
0.13

g cm−3. The inner sub-Neptune is undetected in our radial velocity data (M
b < 0.13 M
Jup at the 99% confidence level). Multiplanet systems like TOI-1670 hosting an outer warm Jupiter on a nearly circular orbit (

e

c

=

0.09

−
0.04

+
0.05

) and one or more inner coplanar planets are more consistent with “gentle” formation mechanisms such as disk migration or in situ formation rather than high-eccentricity migration. Of the 11 known systems with a warm Jupiter and a smaller inner companion, eight (73%) are near a low-order mean-motion resonance, which can be a signature of migration. TOI-1670 joins two other systems (27% of this subsample) with period commensurabilities greater than 3, a common feature of in situ formation or halted inward migration. TOI-1670 and the handful of similar systems support a diversity of formation pathways for warm Jupiters.
Ages of Main-sequence Turnoff Stars from the GALAH Survey
Authors: Chen Xunzhou , Ge Zhishuai , Chen Yuqin , Bi Shaolan , Yu Jie , Yang Wuming , Ferguson Jason W. , Wu Yaqian , Li Yaguang
Published: April 2022

Main-sequence turnoff (MSTO) stars are good tracers of Galactic populations since their ages can be reliably estimated from atmospheric parameters. Based on the GALAH survey, we use the Yale rotation evolution code to determine the ages of 2926 MSTO stars with a mean age uncertainty of ∼10% considering the variation of C and O abundances. The ages of CO-poor stars are systematically affected by ∼10% due to the C and O abundances, globally shifting to ∼0.5 Gyr older compared to the results using solar metal mixture. Of the stars with [Fe/H] ∼ 0.3–0.5 or [O/Fe] ≤ −0.25, many have fractional age differences of ≥20%, and even reach up to 36%. The age–metallicity relation appears to possibly indicate the existence of two distinct sequences: a young sequence of stars with ages mostly <7 Gyr, and a relatively older sequence of stars with ages mostly >7 Gyr, overlapping at 5 Gyr ≤ age ≤ 7 Gyr. Moreover, the trends of abundances-to-age ratios show two corresponding sequences, especially in the [O/Fe]–age plane. We also find that [Y/Mg] is a good chemical clock in disk populations. The young sequence and the old sequence cannot be separated based on chemistry or kinematics; therefore, stellar age is an important parameter to distinguish these two sequences in our sample.
Long-term Spectra of the Blazars Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 at TeV Energies Seen by HAWC
Authors: Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Camacho J. R. Angeles , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Arunbabu K. P. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Baghmanyan V. , Belmont-Moreno E. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , de León S. Coutiño , De la Fuente E. , Hernandez R. Diaz , DuVernois M. A. , Durocher M. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Engel K. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Alonso M. Fernández , Fraija N. , Garcia D. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Harding J. P. , Hona B. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Joshi V. , Lara A. , Lee W. H. , Lee J. , Vargas H. León , Linneman J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Malone K. , Martinez O. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Peisker A. , Araujo Y. Pérez , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Rho C. D. , Rosa-González D. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Serna-Franco J. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Ureña-Mena F. , Villaseñor L. , Wang X. , Weisgarber T. , Willox E. , Zhou H. , de León C. ,   THE HAWC COLLABORATION
Published: April 2022

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory surveys the very high-energy sky in the 300 GeV to >100 TeV energy range. HAWC has detected two blazars above 11σ, Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) and Markarian 501 (Mrk 501). The observations are comprised of data taken in the period between 2015 June and 2018 July, resulting in ∼1038 days of exposure. In this work, we report the time-averaged spectral analyses for both sources, above 0.5 TeV. Taking into account the flux attenuation due to the extragalactic background light, the intrinsic spectrum of Mrk 421 is described by a power law with an exponential energy cutoff with index

α
=
2.26
±

0.12

stat

−
0.2

+
0.17

sys

and energy cutoff

E

c

=
5.1
±

1.6

stat

−
2.5

+
1.4

sys

TeV, while the intrinsic spectrum of Mrk 501 is better described by a simple power law with index

α
=
2.61
±

0.11

stat

−
0.07

+
0.01

sys

. The maximum energies at which the Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 signals are detected are 9 and 12 TeV, respectively. This makes these some of the highest energy detections to date for spectra averaged over years-long timescales. Since the observation of gamma radiation from blazars provides information about the physical processes that take place in their relativistic jets, it is important to study the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these objects. For this purpose, contemporaneous data in the gamma-ray band to the X-ray range, and literature data in the radio to UV range, were used to build time-averaged SEDs that were modeled within a synchrotron-self Compton leptonic scenario.
Formation of Coronal Mass Ejection and Posteruption Flow of Solar Wind on 2010 August 18 Event
Authors: Slemzin Vladimir , Goryaev Farid , Rodkin Denis
Published: April 2022

The state of the space environment plays a significant role in the forecasting of geomagnetic storms produced by disturbances of the solar wind (SW). Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) passing through the heliosphere often have a prolonged (up to several days) trail with declining speed, which affects propagation of the subsequent SW streams. We studied the CME and posteruption plasma flows behind the CME rear in the event on 2010 August 18 that was observed in quadrature by several space-based instruments. Observations of the eruption in the corona with EUV telescopes and coronagraphs revealed several discrete outflows followed by a continuous structureless posteruption stream. The interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) associated with this CME was registered by the Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition instrument aboard the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory between August 20, 16:14 UT and August 21, 13:14 UT, after which the SW disturbance was present over 3 days. Kinematic consideration with the use of the gravitational and drag-based models has shown that the discrete plasma flows can be associated with the ICME, whereas the posteruption outflow arrived in the declining part of the SW transient. We simulated the Fe ion charge distributions of the ICME and post-CME parts of the SW using the plasma temperature and density in the ejection region derived from the differential emission measure analysis. The results demonstrate that in the studied event, the post-ICME trailing region was associated with the posteruption flow from the corona rather than with the ambient SW entrained by the CME.
Variability of the Incompressible Energy Cascade Rate in Solar Wind Turbulence around Mars
Authors: Romanelli Norberto , Andrés Nahuel , DiBraccio Gina A.
Published: April 2022

We present a statistical analysis on the variability of the incompressible energy cascade rate in the solar wind around Mars, making use of an exact relation for fully developed turbulence and more than five years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations. Using magnetic field and plasma data, we compute the energy cascade rate at the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) scales in the pristine solar wind. From our statistical results, we conclude that the incompressible energy cascade rate decreases as the Martian heliocentric distance increases, for each of the three explored Martian years. Moreover, we suggest that the presence of proton cyclotron waves, associated with the extended Martian hydrogen exosphere, do not have a significant effect on the nonlinear cascade of energy at the MHD scales.
Evolution of Primordial Magnetic Fields during Large-scale Structure Formation
Authors: Mtchedlidze Salome , Domínguez-Fernández Paola , Du Xiaolong , Brandenburg Axel , Kahniashvili Tina , O’Sullivan Shane , Schmidt Wolfram , Brüggen Marcus
Published: April 2022

Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) could explain the large-scale magnetic fields present in the universe. Inflation and phase transitions in the early universe could give rise to such fields with unique characteristics. We investigate the magnetohydrodynamic evolution of these magnetogenesis scenarios with cosmological simulations. We evolve inflation-generated magnetic fields either as (i) uniform (homogeneous) or as (ii) scale-invariant stochastic fields, and phase-transition-generated ones either as (iii) helical or as (iv) nonhelical fields from the radiation-dominated epoch. We find that the final distribution of magnetic fields in the simulated cosmic web shows a dependence on the initial strength and the topology of the seed field. Thus, the observed field configuration retains information on the initial conditions at the moment of the field generation. If detected, PMF observations would open a new window for indirect probes of the early universe. The differences between the competing models are revealed on the scale of galaxy clusters, bridges, as well as filaments and voids. The distinctive spectral evolution of different seed fields produces imprints on the correlation length today. We discuss how the differences between rotation measures from highly ionized regions can potentially be probed with forthcoming surveys.
EXORCISM: A Spectroscopic Survey of Young Eruptive Variables (EXor and Candidates)
Authors: Giannini T. , Giunta A. , Gangi M. , Carini R. , Lorenzetti D. , Antoniucci S. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Cassará L. , Nisini B. , Rossi A. , Testa V. , Vitali F.
Published: April 2022

We present an optical/near-IR survey of 11 variable young stars (EXors and EXor candidates) aimed at deriving and monitoring their accretion properties. About 30 optical and near-infrared spectra (

R
∼
1500
–
2000

) were collected between 2014 and 2019 with the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). From the spectral analysis we have derived the accretion luminosity (L
acc ) and mass accretion rate (

M

̇

acc

), the visual extinction (A
V), the temperature and density of the permitted line formation region (T, n
H), and the signature of the outflowing matter. Two sources (ASASSN-13db and iPTF15afq) have been observed in outburst and quiescence, three during a high level of brightness (XZ Tau, PV Cep, and NY Ori), and the others in quiescence. These latter have L
acc and

M

̇

acc

in line with the values measured in classical T Tauri stars of similar mass. All sources observed more than once present L
acc and

M

̇

acc

variability. The most extreme case is ASASSN-13db, for which

M

̇

acc

decreases by two orders of magnitude from the outburst peak in 2015 to quiescence in 2017. Also, in NY Ori L
acc decreases by a factor 25 in one year. In 80% of the sample we detect the [O i] 6300 Å line, a tracer of mass loss. From the variability of the Hα/[O i] 6300 Å ratio, we conclude that mass accretion variations are larger than mass loss variations. From the analysis of the H i recombination lines, a correlation is suggested between the density of the line formation region, and the level of accretion activity of the source.
Supernova Remnants in M83 as Observed with MUSE
Authors: Long Knox S. , Blair William P. , Winkler P. Frank , Della Bruna Lorenza , Adamo Angela , McLeod Anna F. , Amram Phillippe
Published: April 2022

Here we describe a new study of the supernova remnants (SNRs) and SNR candidates in nearby face-on spiral galaxy M83, based primarily on MUSE integral field spectroscopy. Our revised catalog of SNR candidates in M83 has 366 objects, 81 of which are reported here for the first time. Of these, 229 lie within the MUSE observation region, 160 of which have spectra with [S ii]:Hα ratios exceeding 0.4, the value generally accepted as confirmation that an emission nebula is shock-heated. Combined with 51 SNR candidates outside the MUSE region with high [S ii]:Hα ratios, there are 211 spectroscopically confirmed SNRs in M83, the largest number of confirmed SNRs in any external galaxy. MUSE’s combination of relatively high spectral resolution and broad wavelength coverage has allowed us to explore two other properties of SNRs that could serve as the basis of future SNR searches. Specifically, most of the objects identified as SNRs on the basis of [S ii]:Hα ratios exhibit more velocity broadening and lower ratios of [S iii]:[S ii] emission than H ii regions. A search for nebulae with the very broad emission lines expected from young, rapidly expanding remnants revealed none, except for the previously identified B12-174a. The SNRs identified in M83 are, with few exceptions, middle-aged interstellar medium (ISM) dominated ones. Smaller-diameter candidates show a larger range of velocity broadening and a larger range of gas densities than the larger-diameter objects, as expected if the SNRs expanding into denser gas brighten and then fade from view at smaller diameters than those expanding into a more tenuous ISM.
A Possible 3 yr Quasi-periodic Oscillation in γ-Ray Emission from the FSRQ S5 1044+71
Authors: Wang G. G. , Cai J. T. , Fan J. H.
Published: April 2022

Variability is a typical observation feature of Fermi blazars, which sometimes shows quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO). In this work, we obtain 5 day binned light curves (with a time coverage of ∼12.9 yr) for S5 1044+71, based on Fermi-LAT data; apply five different methods—Date-compensated Discrete Fourier Transform, Jurkevich, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram, a Fortran 90 program, and the Weighted Wavelet Z-transform—to the γ-ray light curve; and find a possible QPO of 3.06 ± 0.43 yr at the significance level of ∼3.6σ. A binary black hole model, including an accretion model and a dual-jet model, is used to explain this quasi-periodic variability. We also estimate the Doppler factors and the apparent velocity for the two jet components. We speculate that this γ-ray quasi-periodic modulation suggests the presence of a binary supermassive black hole in S5 1044+71.
The Stellar Metallicities of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.3 from KMOS + VANDELS
Authors: Carnall Adam C. , McLure Ross J. , Dunlop James S. , Hamadouche Massissilia , Cullen Fergus , McLeod Derek J. , Begley Ryan , Amorin Ricardo , Bolzonella Micol , Castellano Marco , Cimatti Andrea , Fontanot Fabio , Gargiulo Adriana , Garilli Bianca , Mannucci Filippo , Pentericci Laura , Talia Margherita , Zamorani Giovani , Calabro Antonello , Cresci Giovanni , Hathi Nimish P.
Published: April 2022

We present a rest-frame UV–optical (λ = 2500–6400 Å) stacked spectrum representative of massive quiescent galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.3 with log(M
*/M
⊙) > 10.8. The stack is constructed using VANDELS survey data, combined with new KMOS observations. We apply two independent full-spectral-fitting approaches, measuring a total metallicity [Z/H] = −0.13 ± 0.08 with Bagpipes and [Z/H] = 0.04 ± 0.14 with Alf, a fall of ∼0.2–0.3 dex compared with the local universe. We also measure an iron abundance [Fe/H] = −0.18 ± 0.08, a fall of ∼0.15 dex compared with the local universe. We measure the alpha enhancement via the magnesium abundance, obtaining [Mg/Fe] = 0.23 ± 0.12, consistent with galaxies of similar mass in the local universe, indicating no evolution in the average alpha enhancement of log(M
*/M
⊙) ∼ 11 quiescent galaxies over the last ∼8 Gyr. This suggests the very high alpha enhancements recently reported for several bright z ∼ 1–2 quiescent galaxies are due to their extreme masses, log(M
*/M
⊙) ≳ 11.5, in accordance with the well-known downsizing trend, rather than being typical of the z ≳ 1 population. The metallicity evolution we observe with redshift (falling [Z/H], [Fe/H], constant [Mg/Fe]) is consistent with recent studies. We recover a mean stellar age of

2.5

−
0.4

+
0.6

Gyr, corresponding to a formation redshift

z

form

=

2.4

−
0.3

+
0.6

. Recent studies have obtained varying average formation redshifts for z ≳ 1 massive quiescent galaxies, and, as these studies report consistent metallicities, we identify models with different star formation histories as the most likely cause. Larger spectroscopic samples from upcoming ground-based instruments will provide precise constraints on ages and metallicities at z ≳ 1. Combining these with precise stellar mass functions for z > 2 quiescent galaxies from the James Webb Space Telescope will provide an independent test of formation redshifts derived from spectral fitting.
Continuous Habitable Zones: Using Bayesian Methods to Prioritize Characterization of Potentially Habitable Worlds
Authors: Ware Austin , Young Patrick , Truitt Amanda , Spacek Alexander
Published: April 2022

The number of potentially habitable planets continues to increase, but we lack the time and resources to characterize all of them. With ∼30 known potentially habitable planets and an ever-growing number of candidate and confirmed planets, a robust statistical framework for prioritizing characterization of these planets is desirable. Using the ∼2 Gyr it took life on Earth to make a detectable impact on the atmosphere as a benchmark, we use a Bayesian statistical method to determine the probability that a given radius around a star has been continuously habitable for 2 Gyr. We perform this analysis on nine potentially habitable exoplanets with planetary radii <1.8 R
⊕ and/or planetary masses <10 M
⊕ around nine low-mass host stars (∼0.5–1.1 M
⊙) with measured stellar mass and metallicity, as well as Venus, Earth, and Mars. Ages for the host stars are generated by the analysis. The technique is also used to provide age estimates for 2768 low-mass stars (0.5–1.3 M
⊙) in the TESS Continuous Viewing Zones.
Pressure–Strain Interaction as the Energy Dissipation Estimate in Collisionless Plasma
Authors: Yang 杨 Yan 艳 , Matthaeus William H. , Roy Sohom , Roytershteyn Vadim , Parashar Tulasi N. , Bandyopadhyay Riddhi , Wan 万 Minping 敏平
Published: April 2022

The dissipative mechanism in weakly collisional plasma is a topic that pervades decades of studies without a consensus solution. We compare several energy dissipation estimates based on energy transfer processes in plasma turbulence and provide justification for the pressure–strain interaction as a direct estimate of the energy dissipation rate. The global and scale-by-scale energy balances are examined in 2.5D and 3D kinetic simulations. We show that the global internal energy increase and the temperature enhancement of each species are directly tracked by the pressure–strain interaction. The incompressive part of the pressure–strain interaction dominates over its compressive part in all simulations considered. The scale-by-scale energy balance is quantified by scale filtered Vlasov–Maxwell equations, a kinetic plasma approach, and the lag dependent von Kármán–Howarth equation, an approach based on fluid models. We find that the energy balance is exactly satisfied across all scales, but the lack of a well-defined inertial range influences the distribution of the energy budget among different terms in the inertial range. Therefore, the widespread use of the Yaglom relation in estimating the dissipation rate is questionable in some cases, especially when the scale separation in the system is not clearly defined. In contrast, the pressure–strain interaction balances exactly the dissipation rate at kinetic scales regardless of the scale separation.
The X-Ray Coronae in NuSTAR Bright Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Kang Jia-Lai , Wang Jun-Xian
Published: April 2022

We present a systematic and uniform analysis of NuSTAR data of a sample of 60 SWIFT BAT-selected AGNs with 10–78 keV signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 50, 10 of which are radio loud. We measure their high-energy cutoff E
cut or coronal temperature T
e using three different spectral models to fit their NuSTAR spectra and show that a threshold in NuSTAR spectral S/N is essential for such measurements. High-energy spectral breaks are detected in the majority of the sample, and for the rest, strong constraints on E
cut or T
e are obtained. Strikingly, we find extraordinarily large E
cut lower limits (>400 keV, up to >800 keV) in 10 radio-quiet sources, whereas we find none in the radio-loud sample. Consequently and surprisingly, we find a significantly larger mean E
cut/T
e of radio-quiet sources compared with radio-loud ones. The reliability of these measurements is carefully inspected and verified with simulations. We find a strong positive correlation between E
cut and photon index Γ, which cannot be attributed to the parameter degeneracy. The strong dependence of E
cut on Γ, which could fully account for the discrepancy of the E
cut distribution between radio-loud and radio-quiet sources, indicates that the X-ray coronae in AGNs with steeper hard X-ray spectra have on average higher temperature and thus smaller opacity. However, no prominent correlation is found between E
cut and λ
edd. In the l–Θ diagram, we find a considerable fraction of sources lie beyond the boundaries of forbidden regions due to runaway pair production, posing (stronger) challenges to various (flat) coronal geometries.
Carbon Abundances in Compact Galactic Planetary Nebulae: An Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Study with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS)
Authors: Stanghellini Letizia , Bushra Rafia , Shaw Richard A. , Dell’Agli Flavia , García-Hernández D. A. , Ventura Paolo
Published: April 2022

We surveyed a sample of compact Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to determine their gas-phase carbon abundances. Carbon abundances in PNe constrain the nature of their asymptotic giant branch (AGB) progenitors, as well as cosmic recycling. We measured the carbon abundances, or the limits thereof, of 11 compact Galactic PNe, notably increasing the sample of Galactic PNe whose carbon abundance based on HST ultraviolet spectra is available. The dust content of most targets has been studied elsewhere from Spitzer spectroscopy; given the compact nature of the nebulae, both UV and IR spectra can be directly compared to study gas- and dust-phase carbon. We found that carbon-poor (C/O < 1) compact Galactic PNe have an oxygen-rich dust type, while their carbon-enhanced counterparts (C/O > 1) have carbon-rich dust, confirming the correlation between gas- and dust-phase carbon content that was known for Magellanic Cloud PNe. Based on models of expected final yields from AGB evolution, we interpret the majority of the carbon-poor PNe in this study as the progeny of ∼1.1–1.2 M
⊙ stars that experienced some extra mixing on the red giant branch. They went through the AGB but did not go through the carbon star phase. Most PNe in this group have a bipolar morphology, possibly due to the presence of a subsolar companion. The carbon-enhanced PNe in our sample could be the progeny of stars in the ∼1.5–2.5 M
⊙ range, depending on their original metallicity.
An Empirical Representation of a Physical Model for the ISM [C ii], CO, and [C i] Emission at Redshift 1 ≤ z ≤ 9
Authors: Yang Shengqi , Popping Gergö , Somerville Rachel S. , Pullen Anthony R. , Breysse Patrick C. , Maniyar Abhishek S.
Published: April 2022

Submillimeter emission lines produced by the interstellar medium (ISM) are strong tracers of star formation and are some of the main targets of line intensity mapping (LIM) surveys. In this work we present an empirical multiline emission model that simultaneously covers the mean, scatter, and correlations of [C ii], CO J = 1–0 to J = 5–4, and [C i] lines in the redshift range 1 ≤ z ≤ 9. We assume that the galaxy ISM line emission luminosity versus halo mass relations can be described by double power laws with redshift-dependent lognormal scatter. The model parameters are then derived by fitting to the state-of-the-art semianalytic simulation results that have successfully reproduced multiple submillimeter line observations at 0 ≤ z ≲ 6. We cross-check the line emission statistics predicted by the semianalytic simulation and our empirical model, finding that at z ≥ 1 our model reproduces the simulated line intensities with fractional error less than about 10%. The fractional difference is less than 25% for the power spectra. Grounded on physically motivated and self-consistent galaxy simulations, this computationally efficient model will be helpful in forecasting ISM emission-line statistics for upcoming LIM surveys.
A Reanalysis of Public Galactic Bulge Gravitational Microlensing Events from OGLE-III and -IV
Authors: Golovich Nathan , Dawson William , Bartolić Fran , Lam Casey Y. , Lu Jessica R. , Medford Michael S. , Schneider Michael D. , Chapline George , Schlafly Edward F. , Drlica-Wagner Alex , Pruett Kerianne
Published: April 2022

Modern surveys of gravitational microlensing events have progressed to detecting thousands per year, and surveys are capable of probing Galactic structure, stellar evolution, lens populations, black hole physics, and the nature of dark matter. One of the key avenues for doing this is the microlensing Einstein radius crossing time (t
E) distribution. However, systematics in individual light curves as well as oversimplistic modeling can lead to biased results. To address this, we developed a model to simultaneously handle the microlensing parallax due to Earth's motion, systematic instrumental effects, and unlensed stellar variability with a Gaussian process model. We used light curves for nearly 10,000 OGLE-III and -IV Milky Way bulge microlensing events and fit each with our model. We also developed a forward model approach to infer the t
E distribution by forward modeling from the data rather than using point estimates from individual events. We find that modeling the variability in the baseline removes a source of significant bias in individual events, and the previous analyses overestimated the number of t
E > 100 day events due to their oversimplistic model ignoring parallax effects. We use our fits to identify the hundreds filling a regime in the microlensing parameter space that are 50% pure of black holes. Finally, we have released the largest-ever catalog of Markov Chain Monte Carlo parameter estimates for microlensing events.