bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital modality richness drives vivid memory experience
Authors: Huang Tseng-Lung , Chung Henry F.L. , Chen Xiang
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of various levels of modality richness [text-visual, audiovisual and augmented reality interactive technology (ARIT)] on vivid memories (visual sensory detailed, emotionally intense, first-person perspective and coherent) and exploratory behavior. To clarify which modality richness online retailers use is more appropriate to create a virtual reality simulation experience to fill a significant gap in the sensory interactive marketing paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach

A task-based laboratory study was conducted to provide users with private try-on space. A total of 429 valid questionnaires were collected, and partial least squares path modeling was adopted to test hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate that various levels of modality richness (text-visual, audiovisual and ARIT) positively affect vivid memories (visual sensory detailed, emotionally intense, first-person perspective and coherent), and vivid memories successfully induce exploratory behavior.

Practical implications

The study results could also help retailers and brands with clear guidance in designing and creating simulation experience services and choosing the best way to present products. With the results of this research, retailers will also be able to grasp better the critical points of introducing innovative technology into the service experience and then create the benefits of digital economic growth.

Originality/value

Exploring which digital interactive technology online retailers use is more appropriate to create a virtual reality shopping experience to fill a significant gap in the sensory interactive marketing paradigm. Exploring the antecedents of vivid memories in a digital sensory interactive experience contributes to the body schema literature and the script theory. We draw from construal level theory (CLT) to clarify the impact of various levels of modality richness on driving the difference in sensory simulation schema to break through the limited findings of previous studies, namely using CLT to interpret psychological distance.
Life strategies and metabolic interactions of core microbes during thiosulphate‐based denitrification
Authors: Li Shengjie , Liao Yinhao , Jiang Zhuo , Ji Guodong
Published: May 2023

Sulphur‐driven denitrification is a low‐cost process for the treatment of nitrate‐contaminated water. However, a comprehensive understanding of core populations and microbial interactions of a sulphur‐based denitrifying system is lacking. This study presents results from three replicated denitrifying systems amended with thiosulphate and operated under a low C/N ratio. Amplicon sequencing revealed gradual enrichments of a few abundant denitrifiers. Based on genome‐centred metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, a core set of microbes was identified in the systems, with Pseudomonas 1 and Thauera 2 being the most abundant ones. Although the replicates showed different enrichments, generalized observations were summarized. Most core populations conserved energy from denitrification coupled with sulphur. Pseudomonas 1 and Thauera 2 were able to finish complete denitrification. Surprisingly, they were also able to synthesize almost all amino acids and vitamins. In contrast, less abundant members, including Pseudomonas 2, were relatively auxotrophic and required an exogenous supply of amino acids and vitamins. The high expression of enzymes involved in biosynthesis and transport systems indicated their syntrophic relationships. The genomic findings suggested life strategies and interactions of the core thiosulphate‐based denitrifying microbiome, with implications for nitrate‐polluted water remediation.
Influence of capitalisation and presence of an article in noun phrase recognition in German: Evidence from eye‐tracking
Authors: Vogelzang Margreet , Fuhrhop Nanna , Mundhenk Tobias , Ruigendijk Esther
Published: May 2023

Background

German is exceptional in its use of noun capitalisation. It has been suggested that sentence‐internal capitalisation as in German may benefit processing by specifically marking a noun and thus a noun phrase (NP). However, other cues, such as a determiner, can also indicate an NP. The influence of capitalisation on processing may thus be context‐dependent, that is, dependent on other cues. Precisely this context dependency is investigated in the current study: Is there an effect of capitalisation on reading and is this affected by the presence of other cues such as a determiner (specifically, an article)?

Methods

We ran an eye‐tracking study with 30 German‐speaking adults, measuring fixations during sentence reading. Critical NPs either contained correctly capitalised nouns or not and were presented either with or without a determiner.

Results

The results show that both the presence of capitalisation on the noun and the presence of a determiner led to faster reading. When no determiner was present to signal the NP, the presence of noun capitalisation aided reading most.

Conclusions

From these results, we conclude that the influence of capitalisation is indeed context dependent: Capitalisation aids processing most when no other cue is present. Thus, different cues play a role in NP recognition. Based on these findings, we argue that noun capitalisation should not be studied in isolation. We argue that a better understanding of capitalisation as a reading aid is relevant for teaching reading strategies.
Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia
Authors: LI Zhilin , LU Jiayu , SHI Xiaoyi , DUO Li'an , SMITH James L. D. , WANG Tianming
Published: May 2023

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore declines. Although studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (P. pardus) span decades, there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale, as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference competition. We gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models; we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and leopards. Elevation and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence mechanisms. Tigers and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial niche. In addition, they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey‐rich regions. We determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation structures. Meanwhile, studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference competition. Our study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad scale. Policy‐makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation, prey abundance, and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.
A Zippier Economy: Lessons from the 1992 Hilmer Competition Reforms*
Authors: Leigh Andrew
Published: May 2023

The Hilmer Review and National Competition Policy reforms were an important part of the 1990s productivity surge and have been estimated to have delivered a permanent 2.5 per cent lift in GDP. I outline the key elements of these reforms and identify seven lessons for modern competition reformers. In the 2020s, with the startup rate falling and market concentration rising, boosting competition is one way of increasing productivity and improving the dynamism of the Australian economy.
Institutional investors' corporate site visits and resource extraction: Evidence from China
Authors: Deng Minhang , Wang Yunyi , Tian Gaoliang , Xu Bozhi , Tang Yuyan
Published: May 2023

This study examines the effect of corporate site visits on resource extraction. Taking advantage of China's mandatory disclosure of detailed investors' site visits information, we find that firms with more investors' site visits have lower levels of managerial private consumption and tunnelling. This association is more pronounced when the monitoring effect of corporate site visits is more efficient, and the agency problem is more severe. We utilise the two‐stage least squares (2SLS) estimation approach to demonstrate the robustness of our results. Collectively, our findings highlight the external monitoring role of investors' site visits in reducing corporate agency conflicts.
Glutamate dehydrogenase 1: A novel metabolic target in inhibiting acute myeloid leukaemia progression
Authors: Ma Zhixin , Ye Wenle , Wang Jinghan , Huang Xin , Huang Jiansong , Li Xia , Hu Chao , Li Chenying , Zhou Yile , Lin Xiangjie , Wei Wenwen , Qian Yu , Zhou Yutong , Mao Shihui , Yin Xiufeng , Zhu Bo , Jin Jie
Published: May 2023

Glutamine metabolic reprogramming in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells contributes to the decreased sensitivity to antileukemic drugs. Leukaemic cells, but not their myeloid counterparts, largely depend on glutamine. Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) is a regulation enzyme in glutaminolysis. However, its role in AML remains unknown. Here, we reported that GDH1 was highly expressed in AML: high GDH1 was one of the independent negative prognostic factors in AML cohort. The dependence of leukaemic cells on GDH1 was proved both in vitro and in vivo. High GDH1 promoted cell proliferation and reduced survival time of leukaemic mice. Targeting GDH1 eliminated the blast cells and delayed AML progression. Mechanistically, GDH1 knockdown inhibited glutamine uptake by downregulating SLC1A5. Moreover, GDH1 invalidation also inhibited SLC3A2 and abrogated the cystine‐glutamate antiporter system Xc−. The reduced cystine and glutamine disrupted the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and led to the dysfunction of glutathione peroxidase‐4 (GPX4), which maintains the lipid peroxidation homeostasis by using GSH as a co‐factor. Collectively, triggering ferroptosis in AML cells in a GSH depletion manner, GDH1 inhibition was synthetically lethal with the chemotherapy drug cytarabine. Ferroptosis induced by inhibiting GDH1 provides an actionable therapeutic opportunity and a unique target for synthetic lethality to facilitate the elimination of malignant AML cells.
Inequalities by sex on remaining teeth in adults: A decomposition analysis
Authors: Borgeat Marjorie , Espinoza Iris , Navarro Karina , Carvajal Claudia , Carvajal Paola
Published: May 2023

Objective

To identify which social determinants of health explain the gap in the remaining teeth between men and women.

Methods

A secondary analysis of data from the Chilean National Health Survey (CNHS) 2016–2017 was performed on the number of remaining teeth in adults. The explanatory variables were organized into structural and intermediate social determinants of health according to the WHO framework. The contribution of both groups and the contribution of each individual explanatory variable to the remaining teeth gap was estimated using the Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition analysis.

Results

The predicted average number of remaining teeth for men was 23.4 and 21.0 for women, thus a mean difference of 2.4 teeth. 49.8% of the inequality between men and women was due to the different distribution (endowments) of the predictors in the model. Among them, structural determinants of health, namely education level (15.8%) and employment status (17.8%), contributed the most. Intermediate determinants had no relevant contribution to explain the gap.

Conclusions

Results revealed that the difference in the mean number of remaining teeth between men and women was mainly explained by two structural determinants: education level and employment status. The lack of explanatory power of intermediate determinants and the large explanatory power of structural determinants means that tackling oral health inequity in Chile requires strong political commitment. The role of intersectoral and intersectional public policies to address gender inequalities in oral health in Chile is discussed.
MesoGAN: Generative Neural Reflectance Shells
Authors: Diolatzis Stavros , Novak Jan , Rousselle Fabrice , Granskog Jonathan , Aittala Miika , Ramamoorthi Ravi , Drettakis George
Published: May 2023

We introduce MesoGAN, a model for generative 3D neural textures. This new graphics primitive represents mesoscale appearance by combining the strengths of generative adversarial networks (StyleGAN) and volumetric neural field rendering. The primitive can be applied to surfaces as a neural reflectance shell; a thin volumetric layer above the surface with appearance parameters defined by a neural network. To construct the neural shell, we first generate a 2D feature texture using StyleGAN with carefully randomized Fourier features to support arbitrarily sized textures without repeating artefacts. We augment the 2D feature texture with a learned height feature, which aids the neural field renderer in producing volumetric parameters from the 2D texture. To facilitate filtering, and to enable end‐to‐end training within memory constraints of current hardware, we utilize a hierarchical texturing approach and train our model on multi‐scale synthetic datasets of 3D mesoscale structures. We propose one possible approach for conditioning MesoGAN on artistic parameters (e.g. fibre length, density of strands, lighting direction) and demonstrate and discuss integration into physically based renderers.
Narrow diameter titanium–zirconium tissue‐level implants supporting multi‐unit FDPs in the anterior area: A 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Altuna Pablo , Fernández‐Villar Sandra , Barroso‐Panella Albert , Ortiz‐Puigpelat Octavi , Hernández‐Alfaro Federico , Nart José
Published: May 2023

Background

Narrow diameter implants (NDIs) are used in cases of limited mesio‐distal space, or if the alveolar ridge does not allow placement of a standard diameter implant.

Purpose

The aim of this prospective case series study is to present the 5‐year clinical‐, radiological‐, and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) of patients with partial edentulism in the anterior area of the jaws requiring the placement of two narrow diameter implants to support a 3‐ or 4‐unit fixed partial denture (FPD).

Materials and Methods

Thirty partially edentulous patients missing 3 or 4 adjacent teeth in the anterior area of the jaws were included in the study. Two titanium–zirconium tissue‐level NDIs were placed in each patient in healed anterior sites (60 implants). A conventional loading protocol was performed to provide a FPD. Implant survival, success, marginal bone‐level changes (MBL), clinical parameters, buccal bone stability with CBCT, adverse events and PROMs were recorded.

Results

The survival and success rates for the implants were 100%. The mean MBL (±SD) after prosthesis delivery, and 5‐year follow‐up (mean 58.8 months; range: 36–60) was 0.12 ± 0.22 and 0.52 ± 0.46 mm, respectively.

Decementation and screw loosening were the most frequent prosthetic complications, yielding a prosthetic survival and success rates of 100% and 80%, respectively. Patient satisfaction was high with a mean (±SD) score of 89.6 ± 15.1.

Conclusions

The use of tissue‐level titanium–zirconium NDIs supporting splinted multi‐unit FPDs in the anterior area seems to be a safe and predictable treatment option after a 5‐year follow‐up period.
Practicing ecological citizenship through community supported agriculture: Opportunities, challenges, and social justice concerns
Authors: Misra Manoj
Published: May 2023

Green political theorists often highlight local food systems as an exemplar of ecological citizenship. Nevertheless, the topic has received scant systematic and critical treatment within green political theory. Although local food initiatives generally tend to be environmentally friendly, not all such initiatives lead to better environmental outcomes, nor can they be essentially characterized as citizenship practices that foster social justice. This article argues that a situated analysis is necessary to understand how a particular local food initiative promotes ecological citizenship. Through a qualitative study of community supported agriculture (CSA) participants in the greater Edmonton region of Canada, this article analyzes the civic virtues nurtured by this community and interrogates the extent to which their everyday practices resemble ecological citizenship. It concludes that discursive and structural limitations prevent the Edmonton CSA community from achieving meaningful diversity and addressing social justice concerns within its realm.
Implementation of a dermatoscopy curriculum during residency at Augsburg University Hospital in Germany
Authors: Schuh Sandra , Schiele Stefan , Thamm Janis , Kranz Stefanie , Welzel Julia , Blum Andreas
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives

To date, there is no structured program for dermatoscopy training during residency in Germany. Whether and how much dermatoscopy training is acquired is left to the initiative of each resident, although dermatoscopy is one of the core competencies of dermatological training and daily practice. The aim of the study was to establish a structured dermatoscopy curriculum during residency at the University Hospital Augsburg.

Patients and methods

An online platform with dermatoscopy modules was created, accessible regardless of time and place. Practical skills were acquired under the personal guidance of a dermatoscopy expert. Participants were tested on their level of knowledge before and after completing the modules. Test scores on management decisions and correct dermatoscopic diagnosis were analyzed.

Results

Results of 28 participants showed improvements in management decisions from pre‐ to posttest (74.0% vs. 89.4%) and in dermatoscopic accuracy (65.0% vs. 85.6%). Pre‐ vs. posttest differences in test score (7.05/10 vs. 8.94/10 points) and correct diagnosis were significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The dermatoscopy curriculum increases the number of correct management decisions and dermatoscopy diagnoses. This will result in more skin cancers being detected, and fewer benign lesions being excised. The curriculum can be offered to other dermatology training centers and medical professionals.
The association between myocardial contraction fraction assessed by echocardiography and mortality
Authors: Leibowitz David , Zwas Donna , Amir Offer , Gotsman Israel
Published: May 2023

Background

Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is the most commonly used echocardiographic measurement of LV systolic function. Myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) may be a more accurate assessment of LV systolic function than EF. Limited data are available regarding the prognostic value of MCF compared to EF in a population referred for echocardiography.

Objectives

To assess whether MCF was predictive of all‐cause mortality in a population referred for echocardiography.

Methods

All consecutive subjects undergoing echocardiography in a university‐affiliated laboratory during a 5‐year period were retrieved for analysis. MCF was calculated by dividing LV stroke volume (LV end diastolic volume–LV end systolic volume) by LV myocardial volume and multiplied by 100. All cause mortality was the primary endpoint. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate independent variables associated with survival.

Results

18,149 continuous subjects (median age 60 years, 53% male) were included. Median MCF in the cohort was 52% (interquartile range 40–64) while median EF was 64% (56‐69). Any reduction in MCF from a value of 60 was significantly associated with survival on multivariable analysis. When echo parameters including EF, e:e’, elevated TR gradient and significant MR were added to the model, MCF less than 50% remained significantly associated with mortality. MCF was also independently associated with both death and cardiovascular hospitalization. The AUC for MCF was .66 (95% confidence interval (CI): .65‐.67) while for EF the AUC was only .58 (95% CI: .57‐.59), a statistically significant difference (p < .0001).

Conclusions

Reduced MCF is independently associated with mortality in a large population referred for echocardiography.
Adams and Eves: High school math and the gender gap in Economics majors
Authors: Bertocchi Graziella , Bonacini Luca , Murat Marina
Published: May 2023

Why so few women graduate in Economics? We investigate the gender gap among Italian university graduates in Economics between 2010 and 2019. With women's probability of graduating in Economics being 27% lower than men's, the gap is larger than in Business and even STEM. The association between the gender gap and the mathematical content of high school curricula is especially strong in Economics. A triple difference analysis shows that a reform raising the mathematical content of traditionally low math curricula caused an increase in the gender gap, with women's probability of graduating in Economics decreasing by 12 percentage points.
Decision‐making impairment under ambiguity but not under risk may underlie medication overuse in patients with chronic migraine
Authors: Lau Chi Ieong , Chen Wei‐Hung , Wang Han‐Cheng , Walsh Vincent
Published: May 2023

Objective

To explore whether patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache (CM + MOH) present with decision‐making deficit.

Background

Factors underlying MOH in patients with CM remain unclear. Whether the process of decision‐making plays a role in MOH is still controversial. Decision‐making varies in the degree of uncertainty: under ambiguity where the probability of outcome is unknown, and under risk where probabilities are known.

Methods

Decisions under ambiguity and risk were assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task and the Cambridge Gambling Task, respectively, whereas executive function was assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

Results

A total of 75 participants: 25 patients with CM + MOH, 25 with CM, and 25 age‐ and sex‐similar healthy controls (HCs), completed this cross‐sectional study. There was no significant difference in headache profiles except for more frequent analgesic use (mean ± SD: 23.5 ± 7.6 vs. 6.8 ± 3.4 days; p < 0.001) and higher Severity of Dependence Scores (median [25th−75th percentile]: 8 [5–11] vs. 1 [0–4]; p < 0.001) in patients with CM + MOH compared to CM. Total net score (mean ± SD) on the Iowa Gambling Task in patients with CM + MOH, CM, and HCs were − 8.1 ± 28.7, 10.9 ± 29.6, and 14.2 ± 28.8, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three groups (F(2, 72) = 4.28, p = 0.017), with patients with CM + MOH making significantly more disadvantageous decisions than patients with CM (p = 0.024) and HCs (p = 0.008), while the CM and HC groups did not differ (p = 0.690). By contrast, there was no significant difference between the groups in the Cambridge Gambling Task and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Furthermore, performance on the Iowa Gambling Task was inversely correlated with analgesic consumption (r = −0.41, p = 0.003), suggesting that decision‐making under ambiguity may be related to MOH.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that patients with CM + MOH had impaired decisions under ambiguous, but not risky situations. This dissociation indicates disrupted emotional feedback processing rather than executive dysfunction, which may underlie the pathogenesis of MOH.
A PANEL CLUSTERING APPROACH TO ANALYZING BUBBLE BEHAVIOR
Authors: Liu Yanbo , Phillips Peter C. B. , Yu Jun
Published: May 2023

This study provides new mechanisms for identifying and estimating explosive bubbles in mixed‐root panel autoregressions with a latent group structure. A postclustering approach is employed that combines k‐means clustering with right‐tailed panel‐data testing. Uniform consistency of the k‐means algorithm is established. Pivotal null limit distributions of the tests are introduced. A new method is proposed to consistently estimate the number of groups. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed methods perform well in finite samples; and empirical applications of the proposed methods identify bubbles in the U.S. and Chinese housing markets and the U.S. stock market.
Cognitive processes during mid‐clause and between‐clause disfluencies in L2 English oral production
Authors: Kobayashi Manami
Published: May 2023

The present study explored the cognitive processes during which disfluency markers occur in second language (L2) oral production and the factors that cause them. Fukuta and Tamura (2017) reported that L2 learners focus more on grammatical than conceptual aspects during between‐clause pauses, and on both conceptual and grammatical aspects during mid‐clause pauses. The picture description tasks used in their study required a limited amount of conceptualizing, and it is assumed that, when learners are given a task with a high conceptualization demand, as is often required in an authentic language use, they would focus more on the conceptual aspect. To investigate the cognitive processes when there is a higher conceptualization demand, this study gave 24 English learners a direction‐giving map task in English, followed by a stimulated recall interview in their L1. The frequency of disfluency markers (pauses, self‐corrections, and repetitions) between and within clauses and the results of stimulated recall interview were analyzed. The results indicated that learners produce more disfluency markers at mid‐clause than at between‐clause and that they engage in both conceptual and formal processes at between‐clause and mid‐clause disfluency markers. Little attention to phonetics is paid at both locations.
Handling uncertainty in the quay crane scheduling problem: a unified distributionally robust decision model
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe , Agra Agostinho
Published: May 2023

Quay cranes are among the most important resources in port terminals, and their efficient use is crucial for port terminals to remain competitive in the market. The problem of determining the sequence of tasks performed by the quay cranes that minimizes the turnaround time of a vessel is an NP‐hard problem known as the quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP).

In this paper, we consider the unidirectional QCSP under uncertain processing times, where the cranes are only allowed to move in a specific direction. We start by presenting the first distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model for this problem and an exact decomposition algorithm to solve it. The proposed DRO model makes it possible to derive a stochastic programming model and a robust optimization model for the unidirectional QCSP by an appropriate choice of the risk‐averse parameter of the model. Through extensive numerical results, we compare these three approaches—stochastic programming, robust optimization, and DRO—to investigate whether significant differences among the solutions obtained exist. Finally, we propose a new method for helping practitioners to determine a representative set of different DRO solutions.
Quercetin can be a more reliable treatment for metastatic prostate cancer than the localized disease: An in vitro study
Authors: Mirzaei Akram , Deyhimfar Roham , Azodian Ghajar Helia , Mashhadi Rahil , Noori Maryam , Dialameh Hossein , Aghsaeifard Ziba , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
Published: May 2023

Quercetin is a plant flavonoid that has been recognized to have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and anti‐proliferative activities. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory effects of quercetin against prostate malignancy in vitro and the underlying resistance mechanism. IC50 values of quercetin were determined by MTT assay. Annexin‐V/PI staining was used to measure the rate of apoptosis. DNA cell cycle was analysed by PI staining method. Real‐time PCR was performed to assess mRNA levels of OPN isoforms, VEGF isoforms, P53 and KLK2. Migration potential, proliferative capability and nucleus morphology of cells were evaluated by the scratch‐wound assay, colony‐forming assay and Hoechst staining, respectively. Quercetin significantly increased the apoptosis rate of PC‐3 and LNCaP cell lines, arrested the cell cycle at the sub‐G1/G1 phase, and reduced the migration potential and colony‐forming capability. Moreover, upregulation of apoptosis‐related genes and downregulation of genes involved in proliferation and angiogenesis was also observed. Although our results elucidated that quercetin has antitumor effects on PC‐3 and LNCaP, for the first time, we showed that quercetin treatment causes alterations in the expression of OPN and VEGF isoforms, which are cancer‐promoting modulators through various processes such as angiogenesis and drug‐resistance. Prostate malignant cells can dodge the anti‐carcinogenic properties of quercetin via modulation of OPN and VEGF isoforms in vitro. Therefore, quercetin acts as a double‐edged sword in prostate cancer treatment.
Optimizing foam quality characteristics of model food using Taguchi‐based fuzzy logic method
Authors: Güldane Mehmet
Published: May 2023

In this study, the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) concentration (0%, 50%, and 100%), sonication time (10, 20, and 30 min), and whipping time (5, 10, and 15 min) on the quality characteristics of the model food foam were investigated and optimized. In order to maximize both foaming capacity (FC) and foam stability (FS), it was aimed to select the optimum process parameters using a Taguchi‐based fuzzy logic method (TBFLM). The experiments were performed according to Taguchi L9 (33) orthogonal design, and the effects of process parameters on foam quality characteristics were investigated by analysis of variance. Optimization results revealed that optimum FC and FS values were obtained with 50% SPI, 30 min sonication, and 10 min whipping. SPI concentration was the most effective factor for the responses in Taguchi single‐response optimization. However, the whipping time has the greatest impact on the multiperformance characteristics index, accounting for 78.93% of the contribution to fuzzy logic multiresponse optimization. The verification experiments revealed that the TBFLM is a useful method for improving foam quality characteristics.

Practical applications

FC and FS are the most important properties, which represent the quality characteristics of model food foams. The Taguchi method failed in multiresponse optimization in the model food application. A Taguchi‐based Fuzzy logic optimization method was successfully applied to optimize the quality characteristics of model food foam, and the optimal conditions were determined as soy protein isolate of 50%, sonication time of 30 min, and whipping time of 10 min. The contribution of whipping time to the multiperformance characteristics index was found to be the highest.
Consistent garnet Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages indicate short‐lived high‐pressure metamorphism and rapid subduction in oceanic subduction belt: An example from the Changning–Menglian orogenic belt, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhou Ying , Cheng Hao , Peng Zhi‐min , Dragovic Besim , Fu Yu‐zhen , Du Kai‐Yang
Published: May 2023

The integration of garnet‐based petrologic constraints with multimineral geochronologic data in eclogites and blueschists allows the timing and rate of subduction zone metamorphism to be constrained. We present a combined garnet Lu–Hf/Sm–Nd and zircon/rutile U–Pb geochronology study on three eclogites, a garnet‐bearing blueschist, and a micaschist from the Changning–Menglian orogenic belt, a newly discovered ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic belt in southeast Tibet, in order to characterize tectono‐metamorphic events and determine the duration of Paleo‐Tethys oceanic subduction. Integration of phase equilibrium modelling and conventional thermobarometry for the eclogites defines a clockwise P–T path evolving from blueschist facies conditions at ~1.4 GPa and ~505–530°C to peak eclogite facies conditions at ~2.8 GPa and ~630–640°C, followed by isothermal decompression to amphibolite facies at ~1.0 GPa and ~630–650°C. The Lu–Hf ages of c. 239–236 Ma obtained for the eclogites and the blueschist are indistinguishable from the rutile U–Pb age of c. 239 Ma obtained for the eclogites and, combined with the observation of well‐preserved Rayleigh‐fractionation‐style Mn and Lu zoning profiles in garnet, reflect the timing of early prograde garnet growth. The Sm–Nd ages of c. 242–236 Ma reflect a later period of garnet growth, evidenced by flat and/or M‐shaped Sm zoning profiles. Each of the Sm–Nd ages overlaps, within uncertainty, with its corresponding Lu–Hf age (i.e., from the same garnet fraction). The consistency of the Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages indicates a short overall duration of garnet growth from blueschist to eclogite facies metamorphism, reflecting rapid subduction of the oceanic slab. The magmatic zircon U–Pb dates of c. 247 Ma constrain the protolith age of these metabasaltic rocks. The close protolith and the high‐pressure metamorphic ages, together with the consistent garnet Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages and the overlapping youngest and oldest metamorphic ages of the oceanic‐type and continental‐type eclogites, respectively, suggest a fast tectonic transition from divergence to convergence highlighted by rapid oceanic subduction, continuous transition from oceanic to continental subduction, and a rapid cooling of the subduction interface.
Growth of kyanite and Fe‐Mg chloritoid in Fe2O3‐rich high‐pressure–low‐temperature metapelites and metapsammites: A case study from the Massa Unit (Alpi Apuane, Italy)
Authors: Papeschi Samuele , Rossetti Federico , Walters Jesse B.
Published: May 2023

Chloritoid and kyanite coexist in metapelites from the high‐pressure/low‐temperature Massa Unit in the Alpi Apuane metamorphic complex (Northern Apennines, Italy). The composition of chloritoid is extremely variable throughout the Massa Unit. Fe‐chloritoid occurs in association with hematite‐free, graphite‐bearing schists, whereas strongly zoned Fe‐Mg chloritoid is found with hematite and kyanite. We investigated the effect of different bulk Fe2O3 contents in controlling chloritoid composition through phase equilibria modelling of four selected samples, representative of the different chloritoid‐bearing parageneses found in the Massa Unit. The ferric iron content, measured through wet chemical titration, ranges from 0 (graphite‐chloritoid schist) to 73% of the total iron (hematite‐chloritoid schist). We show that Mg‐rich chloritoid compositions and stability of kyanite at greenschist to blueschist facies conditions can be reproduced in the MnO–Na2O–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O (MnNKFMASHTO) chemical system only considering the presence of significant amounts of ferric iron as part of the bulk composition. The stabilization of kyanite at lower grade is directly linked to the presence of Fe2O3, which renders the reactive bulk rock composition effectively enriched in Al2O3 with respect to Fe and Mg. We also document that high Fe2O3 contents exacerbate the effect of chloritoid fractionation, producing strongly zoned Fe‐Mg‐chloritoid grains. Finally, the P–T modelling of the Massa Units performed in this study allows, for the first time, the recognition of a two‐stage evolution at peak conditions, with an earlier pressure peak (1.2–1.3 GPa at 350–400°C), and a later thermal peak (0.7–1.1 GPa at 440–480°C), compatible with subduction, underthrusting and exhumation of the Adria continental margin during growth of the Northern Apennine orogenic wedge.
Distribution and length of muscle spindles and their 3D visualisation in the medial gastrocnemius of male and female rats
Authors: Piotr M. , Skieresz‐Szewczyk K. , Jackowiak H. , Celichowski J.
Published: May 2023

The spatial distribution of the medial gastrocnemius muscle spindles of 10 male and 10 female rats was analysed under a light microscope, and for the first time, visualised using a 3D model of the muscle. Serial cross‐sections of the medial gastrocnemius muscles were separated into 10 divisions along with the proximo‐distal axis. The muscle spindles of the rat medial gastrocnemius were predominantly distributed on the proximo‐medial divisions of the muscle. There were no sex‐related differences in the distribution of the studied receptors. A single division contained an average of 2.71 receptors for animals of both sexes. Moreover, the calculated lengths of male and female rat muscle spindles were comparable, and average lengths did not significantly differ (3.30 ± 1.47 mm for male and 3.26 ± 1.32 mm for female rats). Therefore, the present results fill gaps in recent observations concerning similarities in muscle spindle numbers between male and female animals, despite significant differences in muscle mass and size.
Clinical observation of laser combined with 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for female vulva condyloma acuminatum
Authors: Zhao Zian , jama Ahmed Abdullahi , Gao Hui , Lu Yao
Published: May 2023

Background

Condylomata acuminata, or genital warts (GW), are exceedingly prevalent, with human papilloma virus infection accounting for 90% of cases. It can be treated in a variety of methods, but the high recurrence rate and cervical scars make it difficult to choose the best treatment option. Hence, the study aims to find the effect of laser combined with 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy for condyloma acuminata in the vulva, vagina, and cervix.

Methods

A total of 106 female patients with GW of the vulva, vagina, and cervical condyloma acuminata were treated in the Dermatology Department of Subei People's Hospital in Yangzhou from May 2020 to July 2021. All these patients were treated with laser combined with 5‐ALA photodynamic therapy to observe the therapeutic effect.

Results

About 84.9% of patients responded to the first session of ALA‐photodynamic treatment. Five patients relapsed in the 2nd week, two patients relapsed in the 4th week, one relapsed in the 8th week, one relapsed in the 12th week, and the relapsed patients were given 1–3 times of photodynamic therapy again, and no recurrence was seen in the 24th week. After four courses of treatment in 106 patients, the wart clearance rate was 100%.

Conclusion

Laser combined with 5‐ALA photodynamic therapy for female vulva, vagina, and cervix condyloma acuminata has a reliable curative effect, low recurrence rate, few adverse reactions, and less pain. It is worth promoting in female vulva, vagina, and cervical condyloma acuminata.
First report of epiphytic dinoflagellateCoolia malayensis(Dinophyceae) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Uribe Eduardo , Álvarez Gonzalo , Cárcamo Claudia , Díaz Patricio A. , Rengel José , Blanco Juan
Published: May 2023

Cooliaspecies are epiphytic and benthic dinoflagellates with a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and subtropical areas. In the austral summer of 2016, during a survey in Bahía Calderilla, a dinoflagellate of the genusCooliawas detected in macroalgae samples, and a clonal culture was established. Subsequently, the cultured cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and identified asC. malayensisbased on their morphological characteristics. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU rDNA D1/D2 regions confirmed that strain D005‐1 corresponded toC. malayensisand clustered with strains isolated from New Zealand, Mexico, and Asia Pacific countries. Although the strain D005‐1 culture did not contain yessotoxin (YTX), cooliatoxin, 44‐methyl gambierone, or its analogs in detectable amounts by LC–MS/MS, more research is needed to evaluate its toxicity and to determine the possible impact ofC. malayensisin northern Chilean waters.
Racism in the Hands of an Angry God: How Image of God Impacts Cultural Racism in Relation to Police Treatment of African Americans
Authors: Lauve‐Moon Tim A. , Park Jerry Z.
Published: May 2023

Previous research suggests an angry God image is a narrative schema predicting support for more punitive forms of criminal justice. However, this research has not explored the possibility that racialization may impact one's God image. We perform logistic regression on Wave V of the Baylor Religion Survey to examine the correlation between an angry God image and the belief that police shoot Blacks more often because Blacks are more violent than Whites (a context‐specific form of cultural racism). Engaging critical insights from intersectionality theory, we also interact angry God image with both racialized identity and racialized religious tradition. Results suggest that the angry God schema is associated with this form of cultural racism for White people generally as well as White Evangelicals, yet for Black Protestants, belief in an angry God is associated with resistance against this type of cultural racism.
The E3 ubiquitin ligases SINA1 and SINA2 integrate with the protein kinase CIPK20 to regulate the stability of RGL2a, a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: An Jian‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Li Hong‐Liang , Wang Da‐Ru , You Chun‐Xiang , Han Yuepeng
Published: May 2023

Although DELLA protein destabilization mediated by post‐translational modifications is essential for gibberellin (GA) signal transduction and GA‐regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis, the related mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we report the ubiquitination and phosphorylation of an apple DELLA protein MdRGL2a in response to GA signaling and its regulatory role in anthocyanin biosynthesis.

MdRGL2a could interact with MdWRKY75 to enhance the MdWRKY75‐activated transcription of anthocyanin activator MdMYB1 and interfere with the interaction between anthocyanin repressor MdMYB308 and MdbHLH3 or MdbHLH33, thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.

A protein kinase MdCIPK20 was found to phosphorylate and protect MdRGL2a from degradation, and it was essential for MdRGL2a‐promoting anthocyanin accumulation. However, MdRGL2a and MdCIPK20 were ubiquitinated and degraded by E3 ubiquitin ligases MdSINA1 and MdSINA2, respectively, both of which were activated in the presence of GA.

Our results display the integration of SINA1/2 with CIPK20 to dynamically regulate GA signaling and will be helpful toward understanding the mechanism of GA signal transduction and GA‐inhibited anthocyanin biosynthesis. The discovery of extensive interactions between DELLA and SINA and CIPK proteins in apple will provide reference for the study of ubiquitination and phosphorylation of DELLA proteins in other species.
Personality traits, democratic support, and authoritarian nostalgia
Authors: Kim‐Leffingwell Sanghoon
Published: May 2023

Objective

Why do democratic voters feel nostalgia for an authoritarian past? This article introduces a dispositional framework for authoritarian nostalgia, showing that in addition to situational factors, an enduring source of sentimental longing for the authoritarian past may very well be rooted in a person's core psychological structure.

Methods

I use mixed‐methods approach with data collection from South Korea and Taiwan. Using linear regression models with interaction terms, I analyze the contingent effects of personality traits on authoritarian nostalgia.

Results

I find that people high in emotional stability are likely to be nostalgic and that the trait's effects are greater than those from other traits traditionally associated with authoritarian ideology. Results from the interaction model show that these impacts are more pronounced with weak and moderate democrats but not with strong democrats.

Conclusion

People high in emotional stability are nostalgic due to their longing for the proven socioeconomic performance of the past. In addition, the democratic values of individual citizens can constrict how personality shapes voters’ view of former dictatorships.
Models and Methods of Information and Control System Cyber–security for Smart Buildings
Authors: Fakhruldeen Hassan Falah , A. Kadhim Karrar , Abdulridha Shyaa Tahreer , Al-Asady Heba Abdul-Jaleel
Published: May 2023

Smart building management systems today employ the architectural multi-level creation of a system of unified components. Such a market is dynamic and always expanding, and sometimes the developers of such components stop maintaining their products or even collapse and vanish. It's not always possible to use professional-level components from proven developers when a building automation system (BAS) project budget is limited. The construction and analysis of models that consider the dependability and cyber security aspects of maintenance as well as ways of validating the selection of components, strategies, and service parameters are both necessary steps in finding compromises between the BAS architecture's value and quality. Use of information technology to determine maintenance parameters based on a model and model development approach.
Etudes for the inverse spectral problem
Authors: Makarov Nikolai , Poltoratski Alexei
Published: May 2023

In this note, we study inverse spectral problems for canonical Hamiltonian systems, which encompass a broad class of second‐order differential equations on a half‐line. Our goal is to extend the classical results developed in the work of Marchenko, Gelfand–Levitan, and Krein to broader classes of canonical systems and to illustrate the solution algorithms and formulae with a variety of examples. One of the main ingredients of our approach is the use of truncated Toeplitz operators, which complement the standard toolbox of the Krein–de Branges theory of canonical systems.
“Estamos los ganadiarios y están los ganaderos”:
Authors: Rivera Núñez Tlacaelel , Lazos Chavero Elena
Published: May 2023

Tras el surgimiento del concepto de régimen agroalimentario, los estudios rurales experimentaron un recambio en las lecturas internas del poder de las sociedades agrarias, frente a los análisis verticales sobre las relaciones contractuales que los complejos agroindustriales establecen con los campesinos. A partir de una investigación mixta, que incluyó observación participante, encuestas a 120 grupos domésticos y entrevistas con sujetos sociales clave, retomamos una lectura foucaultiana para analizar críticamente la conformación histórica, así como las implicaciones actuales de las microfísicas del poder que se reproducen en un sistema campesino de abasto agroalimentario en Chiapas, México. Se concluyó una reflexión alrededor del carácter de epifenómeno rural que expresan los micropoderes campesinos.