bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health and saliva microbiomes of a semi-urbanized indigenous tribe in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Yeo Li-Fang , Aghakhanian Farhang F. , Tan James S. Y. , Gan Han Ming , Phipps Maude E.
Published: May 2019

Background: The indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia, also known as Orang Asli, have gradually been urbanized. A shift towards non-communicable diseases commonly associated with sedentary lifestyles have been reported in many tribes. This study engaged with a semi-urbanized Temiar tribe from Kampong Pos Piah, Perak, who are experiencing an epidemiological transition.

Methods:  Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, HbA1C and lipid levels were measured as indicators of cardio-metabolic health. DNA was extracted from saliva using salting-out method followed by PCR amplification of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequencing on Illumina MiSeq. Microbiome analysis was conducted on Qiime v1.9. Statistical analysis was conducted using Qiime v1.9 and R.  

Results: The study revealed that 60.4% of the Temiar community were overweight/obese, with a higher prevalence among women. HbA1C levels showed that 45% of Temiar had pre-diabetes. Insulin resistance was identified in 21% of Temiar by using a surrogate marker, TG/HDL. In total, 56.5% of Temiar were pre-hypertensive, and the condition was prevalent across all age-groups. The saliva microbiome profiles of Temiar revealed significant differences by gender, BMI, abdominal obesity as well as smoking status. The relative abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium was increased in men whereas the genera Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, Neisseria and Streptococcus were increased in women. Proteobacteria was significantly depleted in smokers.

Conclusions: Temiar from Pos Piah had a high prevalence of cardio-metabolic risks, including general and abdominal obesity, pre-diabetes, prehypertension and hypertension. This phenomenon has not been previously reported in this tribe. The saliva microbiome profiles were significantly different for individuals of different gender, BMI, abdominal obesity and smoking status.
Responsive feedback: Towards a new paradigm to enhance intervention effectiveness
Authors: Viswanath K. , Synowiec Christina , Agha Sohail
Published: May 2019

The current dominant models of intervention design in the development sector do not account for the complexity and unpredictability of implementation challenges. Decision makers and implementers need timely feedback during implementation to respond to field realities and to course-correct. This letter calls for a new approach of “responsive feedback” or “feedback loops” that promotes interactions between project designers, implementers, researchers and decision-makers to enable course corrections needed to achieve intended outcomes. A responsive feedback approach, in theory, should be agile, flexible, adaptive, iterative, and actionable. There can be multiple challenges associated with incorporating this approach into practice including donor requirements, organizational structure and culture, concerns about the additional time required to adopt such an approach, resource and operational constraints, the absence of skill sets needed for such an approach within smaller organizations and inadequate inter-departmental communication. However, these barriers to adaptation can be overcome. For responsive feedback to become a part of the culture of development organizations, commitment is needed from donors, decision-makers, project designers and implementers. We believe that, to generate opportunities for learning and adaptation, donors should provide the stimulus to break down silos between implementers and researchers.
Introduction of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate through use of community-based distributors in Zambia
Authors: Phiri John , Smith Gina M. , Tembo Felix , Silungwe Gertrude , Mwape Doris Ngosa , Katyetye George , Munthali Loyce , Mutombo Namuunda , Mwale Mwanjinga , Manda Handson , Nqumayo Masauso , Soerensen Elise , Chintu Namwinga
Published: May 2019

Background: The majority of women in Sub-Saharan countries including Zambia use intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA IM) as their preferred method of contraception. However, nearly one-third of the women who start on DMPA IM discontinue within 12 months due to access barriers.  Sayana® Press, low-dose, prefilled subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC), suitable for even lower-level healthcare providers and potential for self-injection administration, has been developed.  This pilot aimed to understand the feasibility of DMPA-SC in Zambia through use of community-based distributors (CBDs).

Methods: The pilot was implemented from May 2017 to July 2017 in 29 public health facilities in three districts. A total of 161 CBDs received a comprehensive training in DMPA-SC, which included counselling about the method, potential side effects, correct administration and waste management. Post-training mentorship and supervision was conducted. Routine client level data was collected through Ministry of Health management information system.

Results: During the pilot, 12,818 clients were provided with modern voluntary FP methods, with 16.4% (2,100) opting for DMPA-SC. The age range of clients opting for DMPA-SC was between 15 and 50 years, with an average of 31 years. Slightly less than half (43%) of DMPA-SC clients were adolescents and young women, with 11% aged 15–19 and 32% aged 20–24. No adverse events were reported during or immediately subsequent to the introduction of DMPA-SC administration by CBDs.

Conclusion: The pilot demonstrated that CBDs can safely provide DMPA-SC at the community level with appropriate public sector coordination and oversight.
Progression of the canonical reference malaria parasite genome from 2002–2019
Authors: Böhme Ulrike , Otto Thomas D. , Sanders Mandy , Newbold Chris I. , Berriman Matthew
Published: May 2019

Here we describe the ways in which the sequence and annotation of the Plasmodium falciparum reference genome has changed since its publication in 2002. As the malaria species responsible for the most deaths worldwide, the richness of annotation and accuracy of the sequence are important resources for the P. falciparum research community as well as the basis for interpreting the genomes of subsequently sequenced species. At the time of publication in 2002 over 60% of predicted genes had unknown functions. As of March 2019, this number has been significantly decreased to 33%. The reduction is due to the inclusion of genes that were subsequently characterised experimentally and genes with significant similarity to others with known functions. In addition, the structural annotation of genes has been significantly refined; 27% of gene structures have been changed since 2002, comprising changes in exon-intron boundaries, addition or deletion of exons and the addition or deletion of genes. The sequence has also undergone significant improvements. In addition to the correction of a large number of single-base and insertion or deletion errors, a major miss-assembly between the subtelomeres of chromosome 7 and 8 has been corrected. As the number of sequenced isolates continues to grow rapidly, a single reference genome will not be an adequate basis for interpreting intra-species sequence diversity. We therefore describe in this publication a population reference genome of P. falciparum, called Pfref1. This reference will enable the community to map to regions that are not present in the current assembly. P. falciparum 3D7 will continue to be maintained, with ongoing curation ensuring continual improvements in annotation quality.
Building Social Capital through Leadership Development
Authors: Roberts Cynthia
Published: May 2019

Social capital, an important mechanism for the creation and maintenance of healthy organizational life, may be developed through initiatives such as leadership development as effective leadership development not only enhances individual effectiveness, but serves to build relationships, coordinate actions, and extend and strengthen the social network. An ongoing iterative process which engages all participants such as action learning can facilitate this process. This research supports the connection between leadership development and social capital based on an extended action learning engagement in a healthcare system.
Incoming Leadership-Oriented Differences between Students in a Leadership Studies Course and a Team-based Project Course
Authors: Rosch David M. , Collier Daniel
Published: May 2019

This study examined the incoming leadership-oriented differences between students (N=166) enrolled in either an elective leadership studies course (n=50) or an elective team-based engineering projects course (n=116) to determine significant predictors of transformational leadership behavior. Participants completed measures of leadership-oriented behaviors, self-efficacy, and motivation. Students enrolled in the leadership studies course scored higher on measures of both transformational and transactional leadership behaviors, as well as motivation to lead based on affective identity and social-normative motivation. For students in the leadership course, the only significant predictor of transformational leadership was leadership-self-efficacy score. For students interested in team-based projects, the significant predictors included affective-identity and social-normative motivation to lead, as well as leadership self-efficacy. While women displayed higher motivation to lead across all motivation categories, neither race nor gender emerged as a significant predictor of leadership behaviors. These findings suggest the importance of self-efficacy in predicting behavior and the need to attend to students’ internal and external motivations in creating pathways to leadership practices.
GLOBAL LEADERSHIP MODEL FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION PART 2: TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS
Authors: Morahan Page S. , Wells Ray , Topiwala Henal Shah , Ladhani Zahra
Published: May 2019

In this application paper, we present an analytical process to identify teaching/learning (T/L) methods used in leadership education. Applying this process to a global program for leadership development of healthcare professionals, we highlight nine methods that teachers most often used, and learners viewed as most impactful. Seven of the pedagogies identified were aligned with literature, indicating the applicability of the process for leadership education in general. We identified two methods that had not been previously or explicitly described and that learners validated as important: building a respectful and inclusive environment and sharing personal narratives. These methods appear critical for success in a diverse group of learners. The process we describe for analyzing T/L methods will be a useful addition for designers of leadership development programs.
WORK-LIFE BALANCE FOR WOMEN IN STEM LEADERSHIP
Authors: Brue Krystal L.
Published: May 2019

For women in leadership, managing work and life obligations is essential, especially when leading in male dominated occupations such as STEM. This study examined social support and work-family integration/blurring to determine how women in leadership perceived these dynamics. By surveying STEM women leaders, this research explored work-life strategies and support resources used by women leaders to balance their work and non-work domains and promote their roles as leaders. Women leaders indicated difficulty delineating between work and personal roles and recognized informational and emotional support as most significant to their roles as leaders. Findings also indicated that most support came from spouses/significant others, female co-workers, and mentors outside the organization, respectively. These sources provided the support needed to maintain and progress in their roles as women leaders.
LEADERSHIP EDUCATION: ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING IN A SPORT LEADERSHIP COURSE
Authors: Lumpkin Angela , Achen Rebecca M.
Published: May 2019

It is important students learn about leadership. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a leadership course for sport management graduate students led to gains in knowledge of leadership and understanding of themselves as leaders. Using quantitative (pre- and post-surveys) and qualitative (email interviews) data, this study found a one-semester course in sport leadership led to gains in theoretical and applied knowledge of leadership. Additionally, students grew personally as leaders and felt more comfortable practicing leadership in their current jobs and more prepared for future professional lives. Teachers should consider using a mix of active learning, case studies, and writing assignments to help students learn leadership concepts, practice making leadership decisions, and reflect on their leadership capabilities when educating effective leaders.
EMERGING ADULTS LEADERSHIP IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH FAMILY STORYTELLING: A Narrative Approach
Authors: McCain Kate D. , Matkin Gina S.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this article is to introduce a narrative framework for leadership education as a lens for exploring how emerging adults make sense of their leader identity development. This narrative framework, called Communicated Narrative Sense Making (CNSM), looks at identity through storytelling processes. Emerging adults in higher education have different experiences and come to a new awareness of themselves in a context in a variety of ways. Part of this development process is establishing an identity as a leader. We propose a narrative framework as an approach for exploring the experiences and sense-making processes of leader identity development in emerging adults.
CONNECTING TEACHER LEADERSHIP AND SERVANT LEADERSHIP: A SYNERGISTIC PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Crippen Carolyn , Willows Jessica
Published: May 2019

This paper explores the literature on teacher leadership and servant leadership; identifying connections and similarities between the two. Using the ten characteristics of servant leaders developed by Spears (2010), the characteristics and behaviours of teacher leaders and servant leaders are compared. Through this exploration a number of implications are reviewed, which in turn lead to recommendations going forward. These include how servant leadership can strengthen and inform teacher leadership by its inclusion in teacher leadership educational programs thus pointing to the possibility of a synergistic partnership.
“On Vivo” and Wearable Clinical Laboratory Testing Devices for Emergency and Critical Care Laboratory Testing
Authors: Wu Alan H B
Published: May 2019

Background

Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices are designed for clinical laboratory testing at the bedside or near the patient and can significantly reduce the turnaround time for laboratory test results. The next generation for clinical laboratory testing may be devices that are worn or attached to the patient.

Content

POCT devices that are designed where samples are tested directly on the patient include bilirubinometers, pulse oximeters, breathalyzers (for alcohol and, more recently, cannabinoid detection), transcutaneous blood gas analyses, and novel testing applications such as glucose and tumor signatures following surgical excision. The utility of these devices with special reference for use within the intensive care unit and the emergency department is reviewed.

It is likely that wearable POCT devices will be developed in the future that can meet current and emerging clinical needs. Advancements in biomedical engineering and information technology will be needed in the creation of next-generation devices.
Analisis Pendidikan Multikultural di Madrasah Dan Pesantren: Studi Komparasi di Man 3 Sleman dan Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ummah Kotagede Yogyakarta
Authors: Ida Khuma
Published: May 2019

Multicultural education has an important role in shaping the character of students to respect others and to foster a social spirit. Madrasas and Islamic boarding schools are Islamic educational institutions that have a major influence in shaping the character of students. This study aims to determine the differences in the implementation of multicultural education in MAN 3 Sleman and the Nurul Ummah Kotagede Islamic boarding school in Yogyakarta.The research method used is a comparative qualitative method, namely research that compares two or more entities. This study focuses on the similarities and differences between these two schools by comparing them with the same variables. Multicultural values include: diversity, humanity, pluralism, democracy, curriculum, culture, public relations, and comfort. From the results of the study it can be seen that in implementing multicultural education in both institutions, there are similar methods in its implementation.[Pendidikan multikultural mempunyai peran penting dalam membentuk karakter siswa untuk menghargai sesama serta untuk menumbuhkan jiwa sosial terhadap peserta didik. Madrasah dan pondok pesantren merupakan lembaga pendidikan islam yang mempunyai pengaruh besar dlama membentuk karakter siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan implementasi pendidikan multikultural di MAN 3 Sleman dan pondok pesantren Nurul Ummah Kotagede Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif komparatif, yaitu penelitian yang membandingkan dua gejala atau lebih. Penelitian ini berfokus pada persamaan dan perbedaan antar unit dengan membandingkan variabel yang sama untuk sampel yang berbeda. Nilai-nilai multikultural antara lain: keragaman, humanis, pluralis, demokrasi, kurikulum, budaya, hubungan masyarakat dan kenyamanan. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa dalam pengimplementasian pendidikan multikultural di kedua lembaga tersebut terdapat metode yang sama dalam pengimplementasiannya.]
Социально-экологическая "устойчивость через изменения" российских городов: поиск теоретико-методологических перспектив
Authors: Ермолаева Полина Олеговна , Яницкий Олег Николаевич , Башева Ольга Александровна , Ермолаева Юлия Вячеславовна , Кузнецова Ирина Борисовна
Published: May 2019

Статья направлена на критическое осмысление концептуальных основ исследования социально-экологической устойчивости и изменчивости городов на примере концепта «зеленый город», анализа исторического, социального, экономического и политического контекстов формирования подобных городов для России, а также рассмотрения релевантных теоретико-методологических подходов к исследованию «устойчивости через изменения», структуры и функций российских городов на основе метаанализа более 150 рецензируемых научных трудов. Под «зеленым городом» понимается город, сочетающий высокую эффективность и инновативность; город, в котором созданы наилучшие (при имеющихся ограничениях и возможностях) условия жизни его населения, город, способный сохраняться, реагируя на глобальные изменения. Среди основных особенностей формирования «зеленых городов» в России авторы выделили их «двойную трансформацию», непосредственную связанность с современными геополитическими процессами в мире и ресурсной политикой государства, стремительную информатизацию и цифровизацию, обострение старых и появление новых экологических рисков (в первую очередь, проблему утилизации отходов в крупных городах), влияющих на здоровье и качество жизни населения в городах. Анализ основных авторских и корпоративных методик по измерению устойчивости и экологичности российских городов показал, что все методики расчета, за исключением методики «Зеленого патруля», основываются на количественных (статистических) данных, что, с одной стороны, является их преимуществом, делая их результаты максимально объективными, но, с другой стороны, выступает и недостатком, так как в связи с задержкой публикации статистики или вовсе ее отсутствия не позволяет наблюдать ежегодную динамику. Авторы статьи полагают, что основными теоретико-методологическими подходами к исследованию социально-экологической «устойчивости через изменения» городов в российском контексте должны стать проблемно-ориентированные и междисциплинарные подходы, включая концепцию СБТ-систем, социально-экологического метаболизма, подхода устойчивых переходов и отдельных теорий среднего уровня. В рамках данных подходов, во-первых, изменения в городских системах понимаются как комплексные, динамические, системные (происходят сразу во множестве систем) и нелинейные процессы, во-вторых, траектории изменений возникают из совместных взаимодействий между множественными системами

Благодарность. Статья написана при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект «Российские мегаполисы в условиях новых социально-экологических вызовов: построение комплексной междисциплинарной модели и стратегий формирования «зеленых» городов России», грант № 17-78-20106.
Типы родительского участия в учебном процессе детей
Authors: Гошин Михаил Евгеньевич , Мерцалова Татьяна Анатольевна , Груздев Иван Андреевич
Published: May 2019

В статье, на основе данных Мониторинга экономики образования, проведенного Институтом образования НИУ ВШЭ в 2016 г., анализируются категории родительского участия в учебном процессе детей.  Авторы утверждают, что степень вовлеченности родителей в учебный процесс детей сильно дифференцирована и выделяют пять типов родительского участия: опекуны, фасилитаторы, спонсоры, контролеры и невидимки. Представленные типы вовлеченности неодинаково представлены в семьях с различным социально-экономическим бэкграундом, а также связаны с успеваемостью детей в школе, их образовательными планами и активностью в дополнительном образовании.
Operasi Payudara dengan Anestesi Spinal Lumbar
Authors: Sudrajat Mohammad , Harahap Mohamad Sofyan , Sutiyono Doso
Published: May 2019

Anestesi umum adalah pilihan anestesi untuk operasi payudara seperti mastektomi. Namun, pasien dengan metastasis paru, fungsi paru yang buruk memiliki risiko tinggi untuk mortalitas dan morbiditas perioperatif karena komplikasi paru akibat anestesi umum. Teknik alternatif  harus dipertimbangkan untuk pasien dengan masalah paru, seperti metastasis tumor dan atelektasis, serta untuk pasien yang menolak prosedur anestesi umum. Anestesi spinal, salah satu teknik sederhana dan terkenal, bisa diambil sebagai alternatif untuk operasi payudara. Kami melaporkan tiga kasus operasi payudara dengan anestesi spinal lumbal, tanpa reaksi / masalah yang merugikan, dan pasien puas dengan teknik yang diterapkan.
Peran Angiografi Pada Emboli Paru
Authors: Lubis Bastian , Nasution Akhyar H , Magdalena Bellinda , Purwaamidjaja Dis Bima
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang: Emboli paru sering tidak terdeteksi karena gejalanya tidak spesifik dan tidak dapat dicegah.  Angka kematian PE berkisar 100.000 hingga 200.000 kematian di Amerika Serikat.  Bahkan angka ini dapat bertambah bila tidak ditangani segera.  Dibutuhkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan alat peneunjang seperti EKG, foto thorak, D dimer, fibrinogen, ekokardiografi dan prosedure yang canggih seperti CT angiografi.Kasus: Ada 4 kasus yang dilaporkan.  Kasus pertama, kedua dan ketiga terjadi emboli paru setelah post operasi.  Kami menggunakan skoring Wells dan Geneva untuk mendukung diagnosis emboli paru.  Sedangkan kasus keempat berbeda, dengan menggunakan D-dimer, desaturasi dan peningkatan jantung kanan merupakan tanda emboli di paru.Diskusi: Angka kecacatan emboli paru dapat menurun dengan diagnosis yang cepat dan pengobatan yang baik. Pengobatan yang tepat menggunakan heparin atau streptokinase bahkan DSA merupakan modalitas bila terjadi emboli massive.
Penilaian Praoperasi Bedah Jantung
Authors: Kusuma Donni Indra , Jatmiko Heru Dwi
Published: May 2019

Meskipun perkembangan ilmu kedokteran mengenai patofisiologi penyakit kardiovaskular sudah berkembang, namun penyakit ini tetap menjadi penyebab kematian terbanyak di seluruh dunia. Bedah jantung menawarkan potensi yang cukup menguntungkan bagi sebagian besar pasien. Berbagai macam cara dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan hasil dari bedah jantung dan menurunkan tingkat mortalitas pascaoperasi. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah penilaian praoperasi pasien sebelum melakukan bedah jantung. Penilaian praoperasi pasien yang akan dilakukan operasi jantung meliputi empat hal utama, yaitu anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan laboratorium, dan pemeriksaan kardiologi.Penilaian risiko diperlukan oleh dokter anestesi untuk menilai faktor-faktor risiko yang dimiliki pasien dan bagaimana pengaruhnya dengan tingkat mortalitas pasien apabila dilakukan operasi jantung. Sistem penilaian yang sering digunakan antara lain indeks risiko jantung praoperasi dari Detsky, sistem penilaian European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE), dan Cardiac Anaesthesia Risk Evaluation Score (CARE). American College of Cardiology (ACC) dan American Heart Association (AHA) menyusun sebuah algoritme mengenai pendekatan dalam pemeriksaan jantung praoperasi. Algoritme ini membantu dokter dalam memberikan informed consent dan sebagai panduan dalam manajemen perioperatif untuk meminimalkan risiko.
Akurasi Diagnostik Prokalsitonin Sebagai Penanda Serologis Untuk Membedakan Antara Sepsis Bakterial dan Sepsis Virus
Authors: Arif Syafri Kamsul , Wahyuddin A. Muh. Farid , Musba A. Muh Takdir
Published: May 2019

Prokalsitonin merupakan penandadiagnostik yang baik pada sepsis khususnya sepsis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas dan akurasi diagnostik prokalsitonin sebagai penandaserologis untuk membedakan antara sepsis bakterial dan virus pada pasien yang dirawat di Intensive Care Unit  (ICU) dan Infection Center (IC) RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder rekam medik pasien sepsis yang dirawat di ICU dan IC RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, periode 1 Januari 2014 sampai dengan 31 Agustus 2016. Data tersebut dianalisa dengan uji T Independent,  Mann Whitney and Chi-Square dimana terdapat 80 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.Dari penelitian ini, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari kadarprokalsitonin antara sepsis bacterial(60.89 ± 73.651 ng/ml) dan sepsis virus (1.12 ± 0.622 ng/ml). Berdasarkan analisis Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), area Under the Curve (AUC) dari prokalsitonin adalah 0.841 dengan interval 0.758–0.925 dan signifikansi 95%. Kadar ambang diagnostik terbaik prokalsitonin yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah 1.60 sebagai cut off point (sensitivitas: 82,4%, spesifisitas: 65,2% dan akurasi: 88,7%) untuk membedakan sepsis bakterial dengan sepsis virus. Prokalsitonin memiliki sensitivitas, spesifisitas dan akurasi diagnostik yang baik sebagai pembeda anatar seosis bakterial dan sepsis virus.
Beschäftigungseffekte des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns: Prognosen und empirische Befunde
Authors: Bruttel Oliver , Baumann Arne , Dütsch Matthias
Published: May 2019

Vor Einführung des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns in Deutschland gab es eine Reihe von Prognosen zu den möglichen Beschäftigungseffekten. Entgegen dem damals herrschenden Konsens haben die inzwischen vorliegenden empirischen Analysen nur begrenzte negative Beschäftigungseffekte identifiziert. Nach einer Gegenüberstellung von Prognosen und empirischen Evaluationsstudien erörtern die Autoren mögliche Gründe für diese Diskrepanz. Dabei gehen sie insbesondere auf den internationalen Forschungsstand sowie auf die Art der theoretischen Modelle ein, die den Prognosen zugrunde gelegt wurden. Zudem weisen sie auf andere Anpassungskanäle hin, über die Betriebe die gestiegenen Lohnkosten kompensiert haben, die aber in den früheren Prognosen nicht berücksichtigt wurden.
EVALUATION IN TEACHING JOKYUU DOKKAI (Case Study of 6th Semester Students, Japanese Literature Department, Faculty of Letters, Udayana University)
Authors: Anggraeny Renny
Published: May 2019

Reading is one of the four language skills, with the ability of reading, hopefully the language learners especially the Japanese language learners, the 6th semester student of Japanese Literature Department, Faculty of Letters, Udayana University can understand the text well what is implied as well which is expressed in the text then the purpose is reached. There is the test is held to require whether the student can understand the text. The reading evaluation is really important to measurement the level of the Japanese learner ability in understanding the materials that has been given in the classroom then the main goal can be achieved well. The level of reading ability consists of the level of memorizing, level of understanding, level of application, level of analysis, level of synthesis and level of evaluation.The problems examined evaluation in teaching Jokyuu Dokkai with using the form test of reading ability in 6th semester Jokyuu Dokkai courses, how using the reading ability level in 6th semester Jokyuu Dokkai courses and how using the Penilaian Acuan Patokan (PAP) or the benchmark reference assessment applied in 6th semester Jokyuu Dokkai courses and and how reading ability test results in 6th semester Jokyuu Dokkai courses.The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The data sources used in this study are all the students of A class and B class of 6th semester in Jokyuu Dokkai courses, Japanese Literature Department, Faculty of Letters, Udayana University. The data used in this study is the reading question and student questionnaire results. The result of the analysis is using the triangulation technique. Triangulation Patton (in Lexy J. Moleong, 2012: 330), there are two strategies for measuring the validity of data, the first is by checking the degree of confidence in the data obtained from the data technique and the second is by checking the information from the data in the same way
Diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with adrenal incidentaloma
Authors: Akkuş Gamze , Güney Isa Burak , Ok Fesih , Evran Mehtap , Izol Volkan , Erdoğan Şeyda , Bayazıt Yıldırım , Sert Murat , Tetiker Tamer
Published: May 2019

Background

The management of adrenal incidentaloma is still a challenge with respect to determining its functionality (hormone secretion) and malignancy. In this light, we performed 18F-FDG PET/CT scan to assess the SUVmax values in different adrenal masses including Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism and non-functional adrenal adenomas.

Methods

Total 109 (73 F, 36 M) patients with adrenal mass (incidentaloma), mean age of 53.3 ± 10.2 years (range, 24–70) were screened by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Data of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of the patients were assessed by the same specialist. Adrenal masses were identified according to the calculated standardized uptake values (SUVs). Clinical examination, 24-h urine cortisol, catecholamine metabolites, 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test, aldosterone/renin ratio and serum electrolytes were analyzed.

Results

Based on the clinical and hormonal evaluations, there were 100 patients with non-functional adrenal mass, four with cortisol-secreting, four with pheochromocytomas and one with aldosterone-secreting adenoma. Mean adrenal mass diameter of 109 patients was 2.1 ± 4.3 (range, 1–6.5 cm). The 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of the patients revealed that lower SUVmax values were found in non-functional adrenal masses (SUVmax 3.2) when compared to the functional adrenal masses including four with cortisol-secreting adenoma (SUVmax 10.1); four with pheochromcytoma (SUVmax 8.7) and one with aldosterone-secreting adenomas (SUVmax 3.30). Cortisol-secreting (Cushing syndrome) adrenal masses showed the highest SUVmax value (10.1), and a cut-off SUVmax of 4.135 was found with an 84.6% sensitivity and 75.6% specificity cortisol-secreting adrenal adenoma.

Conclusions

Consistent with the similar studies, non-functional adrenal adenomas typically do not show increased FDG uptake and a certain form of functional adenoma could present various FDG uptake in FDG PET/CT. Especially functional adrenal adenomas (cortisol secreting was the highest) showed increased FDG uptake in comparison to the non-functional adrenal masses. Therefore, setting a specific SUVmax value in the differentiation of malignant adrenal lesion from the benign one is risky and further studies, including a high number of functional adrenal mass are needed.
Hormonal and metabolic substrate status in response to exercise in men of different phenotype
Authors: Chycki J , Zajac A , Michalczyk M , Maszczyk A , Langfort J
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The present study verified the effect of moderate-to-high-intensity aerobic exercise on the endocrine response profile and adipose tissue in young healthy men with different phenotype characteristics.

Design

Eighteen men were divided into three experimental groups with defined body components and specific physical fitness: Endurance phenotype – EP (n = 6; low body mass; low fat content; aerobic endurance trained), Athletic phenotype – AP (n = 6; high body mass; low fat content, resistance trained), Obesity phenotype – OP (n = 6; high body mass; high fat content, untrained).

Methods

The participants performed an progressive exercise protocol on a treadmill (30% VO2max, 50% VO2max, 70% VO2max), separated by 45 s of passive rest for blood collection.

Results

Plasma glucose oxidation increased in relation to exercise intensity, but to a greater extent in the AP group. The free fatty acids’ plasma level decreased with a rise in exercise intensity, but with different kinetics in particular phenotypes. Plasma growth hormone increased after the cessation of exercise and was significantly higher in all groups 45 min into recovery compared to resting values. Plasma insulin decreased during exercise in all groups, but in the OP, the decrease was blunted.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the rate of lipolysis, hormonal and metabolic response to aerobic exercise depends on the individuals’ phenotype. Thus, exercise type, duration and intensity have to be strictly individualized in relation to phenotype in order to reach optimal metabolic benefits.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Predictive scores in autoimmune thyroid disease: are they useful?
Authors: Effraimidis Grigoris
Published: May 2019

Prediction models are of a great assistance for predicting the development of a disease, detecting or screening undiagnosed patients, predicting the effectiveness of a treatment and helping toward better decision-making. Recently, three predictive scores in the field of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) have been introduced: The Thyroid Hormones Event Amsterdam (THEA) score: a predictive score of the development of overt AITD, the Graves’ Events After Therapy (GREAT) score: a prediction score for the risk of recurrence after antithyroid drugs withdrawal and the Prediction Graves’ Orbitopathy (PREDIGO) score: a prediction score for the development of Graves’ orbitopathy in newly diagnosed patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Their construction, clinical applicability, the possible preventative measurements which can be taken to diminish the risks and the potential future developments which can improve the accuracy of the predictive scores are discussed in this review.
Психологічна готовность майбутніх офіцерів-психологів до професійної діяльності: основні критерії та показники
Authors: Гринчук Олександра
Published: May 2019

У статті проаналізовано теоретичні підходи до проблеми формування психологічної готовності офіцерів-психологів до професійної діяльності. Відзначено доцільність засто­сування інтегративного підходу до проблеми формування психологічної готовності до про­фесії. В якому виокремлено особистісну, функціональну та спеціальну готовність. Про­ана­лізовано особливості вивчення критеріїв готовності до професійної діяльності в сучасній науці. Визначено та обґрунтовано основні критерії та показники психологічної готовності майбутніх офіцерів-психологів до здійснення професійної діяльності.
Історичний нарис досліджень проблематики особистісної свободи у психологічній науці: гуманістична парадигма
Authors: Лукеча Ірина
Published: May 2019

Стаття присвячена аналізу сучасних теоретичних досліджень проблематики осо­бистісної свободи в психології. Прослідковується формування наукових уявлень про особис­тісну свободу серед українських вчених та виокремлення цієї інформації в самостійну наукову проблему в сучасній українській психології. Особистісна свобода розглядається у пло­щині саморозвитку та самореалізації, виступає центральним утворенням духовності особистості. Основною ознакою особистісної свободи є здатність здійснювати конст­руктивний вибір і нести відповідальність за його наслідки, керуватись совістю при здійс­ненні цього вибору.
Gender stereotypes as a driver of domestic violence
Authors: Федоришин Галина
Published: May 2019

Society pressures men and women into playing certain roles, prescribed by the community and passed down from generation to generation. Gender stereotypes are the most persistent among all social stereotypes. They are a set of conventional generally accepted rules and attitudes in respect to male and female status, codes of conduct, motives behind their actions and need patterns. They consolidate prevailing gender differences and relations. Destructive impact of gender stereotypes can be observed at the family level in various forms of violence against men or women, especially in rural regions. It is mostly women who fall victims to spousal abuse. The range of violations of women's rights is fairly broad, including female trafficking, rape, marital violence, child sexual abuse, cultural practices and traditions directed against female reproductive and sexual health.

Studies of both domestic and foreign researchers give grounds for arguing that it is patriarchal attitudes and beliefs concerning the functional and role structure of the family imposed on Ukrainians over the past centuries that account for gender-based violence in the family. However, not all men with such attitudes commit violence in intergender relations. Economic factor seems rather significant in this regard, that is unemployment, wages (victims usually earn less), family budget allocation and some other victimologic character traits (dependent, psychasthenic personality traits, learned helplessness syndrome, etc.), as well as lower education, unhealthy and immoral lifestyle. Biological causes of such violence can be handicaps, health problems or disability.

This paper analyses the nature of gender stereotypes, their components and varieties. We explore particular impact of gender stereotypes on acts of domestic violence against men and women and suggest ways to challenge gender stereotypes.
Соціально-психологічні складові антиципації особистості та прогнозування її поведінки
Authors: Завацький Вадим
Published: May 2019

В статті розкрито соціально-психологічні складові життєвої антиципації осо­бистості та особливості прогнозування її поведінки. Показано, що антиципація має за­гальне значення для регуляції будь-яких різновидів людської активності та має цілий ряд закономірностей, інваріантних відносно конкретного змісту активності особис­тості, її копінг-поведінки. До важливих особистісних ресурсів автор відносить: адекватну «Я-концепцію», позитивну самооцінку, низький рівень нейротизму, високу нервово-психічну стій­кість, інтернальний локус контролю, оптимістичний світогляд, емпатійний по­тен­ціал, афіліативну тенденцію та ін. Саме завдяки власному інтелекту, когнітивним здіб­ностям виробляється здатність поєднати свої прогностичні та поведінкові стратегії заради успішної життєдіяльності.
Acquisition Behavior of Emerging Versus Developed Market Multinationals
Authors: Ahmed Kashif , Bebenroth Ralf
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how emerging and developed market multinationals (EMMs and DMMs) differ in their acquisition behavior (vis-à-vis the choice of partial versus full acquisitions) when entering a developed market economy, Japan. We hypothesize that EMMs prefer partial acquisitions, whereas DMMs prefer full acquisitions due to what we call the country-of-origin effect. Additionally, we hypothesize that this country-of-origin effect is more pronounced for smaller firms. The results, based upon 224 strategic cross-border acquisitions in Japan, support these two hypotheses. This study contributes to the literature on EMMs.
Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Kompleks Brazilin dari Ekstrak Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan Linn) Serta Aplikasinya dalam Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)
Authors: Zulenda Zulenda , Naselia Uray Amira , Gustian Nico , Zaharah Titin Anita , Rahmalia Winda
Published: May 2019

Secang (Caesalpinia sappan Linn) merupakan tanaman endemik Kalimantan Barat yang mengandung pigmen berwarna merah brazilin. Dalam penelitian ini, brazilin diperoleh melalui proses maserasi dilanjutkan dengan partisi cair-cair, selanjutnya dikomplekskan dengan ion logam Cu, Mg, dan Zn untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya ketika digunakan sebagai sensitizer pada dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Pengompleksan dilakukan menggunakan media gliserol-air, sedangkan fabrikasi DSSC dilakukan menggunakan metode doctor blading. Hasil analisis FTIR terhadap ekstrak kayu secang menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi O-H, C=O, C=C, dan C-H, yang merupakan gugus fungsional khas dari brazilin. Terbentuknya kompleks brazilin-Cu, brazilin-Mg, dan brazilin-Zn ditandai dengan menurunnya intensitas puncak dari C=O pada 1606 cm-1 dan –OH pada 3263 cm-1. Hasil analisis UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa kompleks memiliki rentang panjang gelombang lebih lebar dan cenderung batokromik. DSSC yang menggunakan kompleks brazilin-Cu, brazilin-Mg, dan brazilin-Zn menghasilkan rendemen konversi energi maksimum pada 200 W/m2, berturut-turut sebesar 0.034 %, 0.030 %, dan 0.013 %, serta DSSC ekstrak kayu secang murni sebesar 0.029 %. Dengan demikian, penggunaan sensitizer berbasis kompleks logam-brazilin dapat meningkatkan efisiensi DSSC. Kata kunci: Brazilin, DSSC, fotosensitizer, kayu secang, kompleks. Secang (Caesalpinia sappan Linn) is an endemic plant in West Kalimantan that contains Brazilin red pigments. In this study, brazilin was obtained through a maceration process carried out by a liquid-liquid partition, then complexed with metal ions to improve the performance of compilation used as a sensitizer on dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Complexation is carried out using glycerol-water media, while DSSC fabrication is carried out using the doctor blading method. The results of FTIR analysis of secang wood extract showed the presence of a functional group O-H,  C=O, C=C, and C-H, which are typical functional groups of brazilin. The formation of the brazilin-Cu, brazilin-Mg, and brazilin-Zn complexes is characterized by an increase in peak intensity of  C=O at 1606 cm-1 and O-H at 3263 cm-1. The results of the UV-Vis analysis show that the complex has a wider wavelength and uses batochromic. DSSCs that use the brazilin-Cu, brazilin-Mg, and brazilin-Zn complexes that complement each other produce efficiencies of  0.034%, 0.030%, and 0.013%, and DSSC pure secang wood extract of  0.029%. The efficiency of the brazilian metal-complex when compared with brazilin, the efficiency increases, so that the maximum efficiency obtained by the Cu-brazilin sensitizer is equal to 0.034%. Keywords: Brazilin, DSSC, photosensitizer, secang wood, complex.
Rapid Method for Analyzing Gadolinium Binding Activity using Colorimetric Assay Employing PAR
Authors: Ayurini Meri , Ekkelenkamp Tony , Paulusse Jos , Engbersen J.F.J.
Published: May 2019

Pada penelitian ini, kami mempelajari colorimetric assay yang melibatkan 4-(2-pyridilazo)-resorcinol (PAR) untuk analisis kuantitatif jumlah gadolinium bebas dan yang terikat dengan ligan dalam sistem. Penelitian ini adalah studi awal untuk mengamati pola kompleksasi antara Gd3+ dan molekul target yang dilakukan dalam 100 mM bufer MES pH 5.5. Konstanta pengikatan (Log K) dari kompleks Gd3+-PAR (1-1) pada pH 5.5 adalah     4.41 ± 0.09 M-1. Karena metode ini hanya menggunakan UV-Vis Spektroskopi, disimpulkan bahwa colorimetric assay yang melibatkan PAR adalah metode yang cepat dan murah untuk menganalisis aktivitas pengikatan antara Gd3+ dan ligan target. Katakunci: Gadolinium, colorimetric assay, agen pengkontras MRI. In this research, we study a colorimetric assay employing 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) for quantifying the chelated and free gadolinium in the system. This is a preliminary study in order to observe the complexation behavior between Gd3+ and targeted molecules. This was carried out in 100 mM MES buffer at pH 5.5. The binding constant (Log K) of the Gd3+-PAR (1:1) complex at pH 5.5 is 4.41 ± 0.09 M-1. Since this method only uses UV-Vis spectrometry, it is concluded that colorimetric assay employing PAR is a fast and inexpensive method in order to analyze the binding activity between Gd3+ and targeted ligands. Keywords: Gadolinium, colorimetric assay, MRI contrast agent.
On the loop expansion of the effective action
Authors: Phat Tran Huu , Long Nguyen Van
Published: May 2019

Based on the DeWitt formula the loop expansion of the effective action is easily established. Extending to the system with finite density we develop the in-medium DeWitt formula, which is the starting point for setting up loop expansion of the in-medium effective action.
Binding Energy of Exciton in Quantum Dots with the Central-cell Correction Depending on the Dot Sizes
Authors: Thao To Thi , Viet Nguyen Ai
Published: May 2019

The binding energy of exciton in quantum dots with a parabolic

confinement potential was calculated by variational methods beyond the Kohn-Luttinger effective mass theory, when the central-cell correction was taken into account.We have assumed that a short range potential with two parameters for strength and range for exciton, representing the center-cell effect also depends on dot size. Our result is in good agreement with experiment.
Generation of Single Frequency Light From an Optical Feedback Special Laser Module
Authors: Phuc Tran Thi , Luc Vu Van
Published: May 2019

Generation of single frequency radiation from a semiconductor laser based on

a special laser module (amplifying laser module) is presented. The

multi-mode emission with the spectral bandwidth of 100A$^{o}$ is converted

to single mode one with a narrow bandwidth of 2A$^{o}$ in the presence of

external optical feedback. Wavelength tunability of the laser emission

over the range of 4-10 nm is also shown. The results could be used in high

speed optical communication, WDM and other applications.
Interaction Model of the Interface Nasicon with Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nga Nguyen Tuyet , Son Vo Thach , Deslouis C.
Published: May 2019

Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) study was carried

out using the 4-electrodes cell arrangement with NASICON membrane. The

physical model developed in this work was based on own CIS characteristic of

the system NASICON/solution, and it accurately described the experimental

diagrams. The electronic parameters could be determined from the fittings

with the designed model.