bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La diversidad y la inclusión como fuente de valor: un enfoque desde la perspectiva de la diversidad funcional
Authors: García-Carbonell Natalia , Cerdan-Chiscano Mònica
Published: November 2023

La diversidad y la inclusión continúan siendo cuestiones presentes en las agendas de las organizaciones actuales. A pesar de los importantes avances en torno a la gestión de las diferencias de las plantillas, aún quedan retos por afrontar para, realmente, conseguir organizaciones plenamente inclusivas. La gestión de la diversidad se configura como el factor clave de éxito en el reconocimiento y la integración de las diferencias de los empleados y empleadas, por lo que resulta particularmente relevante que las empresas tomen consciencia de la necesidad de mejorar su capacidad de gestión en este ámbito. Este artículo plantea una revisión de la literatura sobre los términos de diversidad e inclusión, el análisis de los principales efectos que tienen y su gestión, y el estudio del caso específico de la diversidad funcional. En el último apartado del artículo se proporciona una sección de conclusiones.
L’editore De Carlo e l’“Enciclopedia della novella”
Authors: Antonello Anna , Paladin Nicola
Published: November 2023

The following contribution aims to provide a biographical and professional overview of the publisher Salvatore De Carlo. As director of a small but successful publishing company, especially between the 1940s and 1950s, De Carlo captures and interprets the literary trends of the moment in his own way, passing seamlessly from fascist propaganda to the major works, classic and modern, of translated literature. His parable is especially interesting because it is emblematic of many editorial programs of the time.
Os impasses da estratégia: os comunistas, o antifacismo, e a revolução burguesa no Brasil: 1936-1948
Authors: Sena Júnior Carlos Zacarias de
Published: November 2023

Em sua segunda edição, Carlos Zacarias resgata, neste livro marcante sobre os comunistas brasileiros, a história da resistência e da persistência do Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB), na sua luta contra o fascismo e em busca do cumprimento das tarefas burguesas da revolução brasileira. Trata-se do ciclo que vai da derrota do levante de 1935 ao fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, o encerramento do Estado Novo varguista, culminando com a legalidade, as eleições para a Assembléia Nacional Constituinte e posterior nova cassação do registro do partido e dos deputados eleitos em 1945, junto com o senador Luiz Carlos Prestes.
The changing career paths of PhDs and postdocs trained at EMBL
Authors: Lu Junyan , Velten Britta , Klaus Bernd , Ramm Mauricio , Huber Wolfgang , Coulthard-Graf Rachel
Published: November 2023

Individuals with PhDs and postdoctoral experience in the life sciences can pursue a variety of career paths. Many PhD students and postdocs aspire to a permanent research position at a university or research institute, but competition for such positions has increased. Here, we report a time-resolved analysis of the career paths of 2284 researchers who completed a PhD or a postdoc at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) between 1997 and 2020. The most prevalent career outcome was Academia: Principal Investigator (636/2284=27.8% of alumni), followed by Academia: Other (16.8%), Science-related Non-research (15.3%), Industry Research (14.5%), Academia: Postdoc (10.7%) and Non-science-related (4%); we were unable to determine the career path of the remaining 10.9% of alumni. While positions in Academia (Principal Investigator, Postdoc and Other) remained the most common destination for more recent alumni, entry into Science-related Non-research, Industry Research and Non-science-related positions has increased over time, and entry into Academia: Principal Investigator positions has decreased. Our analysis also reveals information on a number of factors – including publication records – that correlate with the career paths followed by researchers.
Dynamic 1D search and processive nucleosome translocations by RSC and ISW2 chromatin remodelers
Authors: Kim Jee Min , Carcamo Claudia C , Jazani Sina , Xie Zepei , Feng Xinyu A , Yamadi Maryam , Poyton Matthew , Holland Katie L , Grimm Jonathan B , Lavis Luke D , Ha Taekjip , Wu Carl
Published: November 2023

Eukaryotic gene expression is linked to chromatin structure and nucleosome positioning by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that establish and maintain nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) near transcription start sites. Conserved yeast RSC and ISW2 remodelers exert antagonistic effects on nucleosomes flanking NDRs, but the temporal dynamics of remodeler search, engagement, and directional nucleosome mobilization for promoter accessibility are unknown. Using optical tweezers and two-color single-particle imaging, we investigated the Brownian diffusion of RSC and ISW2 on free DNA and sparse nucleosome arrays. RSC and ISW2 rapidly scan DNA by one-dimensional hopping and sliding, respectively, with dynamic collisions between remodelers followed by recoil or apparent co-diffusion. Static nucleosomes block remodeler diffusion resulting in remodeler recoil or sequestration. Remarkably, both RSC and ISW2 use ATP hydrolysis to translocate mono-nucleosomes processively at ~30 bp/s on extended linear DNA under tension. Processivity and opposing push–pull directionalities of nucleosome translocation shown by RSC and ISW2 shape the distinctive landscape of promoter chromatin.
Dynamic 1D Search and Processive Nucleosome Translocations by RSC and ISW2 Chromatin Remodelers
Authors: Kim Jee Min , Carcamo Claudia C. , Jazani Sina , Xie Zepei , Feng Xinyu A. , Poyton Matthew , Holland Katie L. , Grimm Jonathan B. , Lavis Luke D. , Ha Taekjip , Wu Carl
Published: November 2023

Eukaryotic gene expression is linked to chromatin structure and nucleosome positioning by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that establish and maintain nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) near transcription start-sites. Conserved yeast RSC and ISW2 remodelers exert antagonistic effects on nucleosomes flanking NDRs, but the temporal dynamics of remodeler search, nucleosome engagement and mobilization for promoter accessibility are unknown. Using optical tweezers and 2-color single-particle imaging, we investigated the Brownian diffusion of RSC and ISW2 on free DNA and sparse nucleosome arrays. RSC and ISW2 rapidly scan DNA by one-dimensional hopping and sliding respectively, with dynamic collisions between remodelers followed by recoil or apparent co-diffusion. Static nucleosomes block remodeler diffusion resulting in remodeler recoil or sequestration. Remarkably, both RSC and ISW2 use ATP hydrolysis to translocate mono-nucleosomes processively at ∼30 bp/sec for surprising distances on extended linear DNA. Processivity and opposing push-pull directionalities of nucleosome translocation shown by RSC and ISW2 shape the distinctive landscape of promoter chromatin.
Concerted changes in the pediatric single-cell intestinal ecosystem before and after anti-TNF blockade
Authors: Zheng Hengqi Betty , Doran Benjamin A. , Kimler Kyle , Yu Alison , Tkachev Victor , Niederlova Veronika , Cribbin Kayla , Fleming Ryan , Bratrude Brandi , Betz Kayla , Cagnin Lorenzo , McGuckin Connor , Keskula Paula , Albanese Alexandre , Sacta Maria , de Sousa Casal Joshua , van Esch Ruben , Kwong Andrew C. , Kummerlowe Conner , Taliaferro Faith , Fiaschi Nathalie , Kou Baijun , Coetzee Sandra , Jalal Sumreen , Yabe Yoko , Dobosz Michael , Wipperman Matthew F. , Hamon Sara , Kalliolias George D. , Hooper Andrea , Lim Wei Keat , Haxhinasto Sokol , Wei Yi , Ford Madeline , Ambartsumyan Lusine , Suskind David L. , Lee Dale , Deutsch Gail , Deng Xuemei , Collen Lauren V. , Mitsialis Vanessa , Snapper Scott B. , Wahbeh Ghassan , Shalek Alex K. , Ordovas-Montanes Jose , Kean Leslie S.
Published: November 2023

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly treated through anti-TNF blockade. However, most patients still relapse and inevitably progress. Comprehensive single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) atlases have largely sampled patients with established treatment-refractory IBD, limiting our understanding of which cell types, subsets, and states at diagnosis anticipate disease severity and response to treatment. Here, through combining clinical, flow cytometry, histology, and scRNA-seq methods, we profile diagnostic human biopsies from the terminal ileum of treatment-naïve pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease (pediCD; n=14), matched repeat biopsies (pediCD-treated; n=8) and from non-inflamed pediatric controls with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID; n=13). To resolve and annotate epithelial, stromal, and immune cell states among the 201,883 baseline single-cell transcriptomes, we develop a principled and unbiased tiered clustering approach, ARBOL. Through flow cytometry and scRNA-seq, we observe that treatment-naïve pediCD and FGID have similar broad cell type composition. However, through high-resolution scRNA-seq analysis and microscopy, we identify significant differences in cell subsets and states that arise during pediCD relative to FGID. By closely linking our scRNA-seq analysis with clinical meta-data, we resolve a vector of T cell, innate lymphocyte, myeloid, and epithelial cell states in treatment-naïve pediCD (pediCD-TIME) samples which can distinguish patients along the trajectory of disease severity and anti-TNF response. By using ARBOL with integration, we position repeat on-treatment biopsies from our patients between treatment-naïve pediCD and on-treatment adult CD. We identify that anti-TNF treatment pushes the pediatric cellular ecosystem towards an adult, more treatment-refractory state. Our study jointly leverages a treatment-naïve cohort, high-resolution principled scRNA-seq data analysis, and clinical outcomes to understand which baseline cell states may predict Crohn’s disease trajectory.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Gh_GAPDH9 is associated with drought resistance in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Geng Shiwei , Li Shengmei , Zhao Jieyin , Gao Wenju , Chen Qin , Zheng Kai , Wang Yuxiang , Jiao Yang , Long Yilei , Liu Pengfei , Qu Yanying , Chen Quanjia
Published: November 2023

Background

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is the central enzyme of glycolysis and plays important regulatory roles in plant growth and development and responses to adverse stress conditions. However, studies on the characteristics and functions of cotton GAPDH family genes are still lacking.

Methods

In this study, genome-wide identification of the cotton GAPDH gene family was performed, and the phylogeny, gene structures, promoter progenitors and expression profiles of upland cotton GAPDH gene family members were explored by bioinformatics analysis to highlight potential functions. The functions of GhGAPDH9 in response to drought stress were initially validated based on RNA-seq, qRT‒PCR, VIGS techniques and overexpression laying a foundation for further studies on the functions of GAPDH genes.

Results

This study is the first systematic analysis of the cotton GAPDH gene family, which contains a total of 84 GAPDH genes, among which upland cotton contains 27 members. Quantitative, phylogenetic and covariance analyses of the genes revealed that the GAPDH gene family has been conserved during the evolution of cotton. Promoter analysis revealed that most cis-acting elements were related to MeJA and ABA. Based on the identified promoter cis-acting elements and RNA-seq data, it was hypothesized that Gh_GAPDH9, Gh_GAPDH11, Gh_GAPDH19 and Gh_GAPDH21 are involved in the response of cotton to abiotic stress. The expression levels of the Gh_GAPDH9 gene in two drought-resistant and two drought-sensitive materials were analyzed by qRT‒PCR and found to be high early in the treatment period in the drought-resistant material. The silencing of Gh_GAPDH9 based on virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology resulted in significant leaf wilting or whole-plant dieback in silenced plants after drought stress compared to the control. The content of—malondialdehyde (MDA) in cotton leaves was significantly increased, and the content of proline (Pro) and chlorophyll (Chl) was reduced. In addition, the leaf wilting and dryness of transgenic lines under drought stress were lower than those of wild-type Arabidopsis, indicating that Gh_GAPDH9 is a positive regulator of drought resistance. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that GAPDH genes play an important role in the response of cotton to abiotic stresses and provide preliminary validation of the function of the Gh_GAPDH9 gene under drought stress. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for further studies on the function of the Gh_GAPDH9 gene and the molecular mechanism of the drought response in cotton.
An Ideal Gas Indeed Does Work in Expansion into Vacuum
Authors: Stepanov Igor A.
Published: November 2023

Basic thermodynamics is able to treat an actual (non-equilibrium) process as well as the corresponding equilibrium process. An example of such a pair of processes is familiar to every chemical engineer; namely, (Joule) free expansion of a gas and the corresponding equilibrium expansion [1]. Formerly, we thought that an ideal gas does no work in expansion into vacuum. It is shown that such a gas does work. This result is confirmed by experiments.
Reprogramming nucleolar size by genetic perturbation of the extranuclear Rab GTPases Ypt6 and Ypt32
Authors: Chatterjee Shreosi , Ganguly Abira , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu
Published: November 2023

Reprogramming organelle size has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach. However, there have been few reports of nucleolar size reprogramming. We addressed this question in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by studying mutants having opposite effects on the nucleolar size. Mutations in genes involved in nuclear functions (KAR3, CIN8, and PRP45) led to enlarged nuclei/nucleoli, whereas mutations in secretory pathway family genes, namely the Rab‐GTPases YPT6 and YPT32, reduced nucleolar size. When combined with mutations leading to enlarged nuclei/nucleoli, the YPT6 or YPT32 mutants can effectively reprogram the nuclear/nucleolar size almost back to normal. Our results further indicate that null mutation of YPT6 causes secretory stress that indirectly influences nuclear localization of Maf1, the negative regulator of RNA Polymerase III, which might reduce the nucleolar size by inhibiting nucleolar transcript enrichment.
Encouraging children's clarification requests with “I don't understand” rule reminders
Authors: Rodriguez Steen Lillian A. , Malloy Lindsay C.
Published: November 2023

When children are questioned, it is crucial they request clarification to resolve potential misunderstandings. The current research tested a method for increasing children's appropriate clarification requests during an interview, and examined the impact of age and question characteristics. Children (n = 81), ages 6‐ to 11‐years‐old, responded to scripted questions, some of which were designed to be “tricky” and required clarification. Half of the children received “I don't understand” (IDU) rule reminders during the interview. Older children and children who received IDU rule reminders requested clarification to a significantly greater proportion of tricky questions than younger children and children who did not receive reminders. Results indicate that children can recognize when they need clarification, and reminding them of the IDU rule increases the frequency with which they request clarification. Children's ability to request clarification provides insight into children's metacognitive abilities and has implications for those who question children across contexts (e.g., forensic, research).
Accelerating Proton and Electron Transfer Enables Highly Active Fe─N─C Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Cai , Ren Houan , Lu Jiaxin , Chen Bairong , Liu Yuping , Guan Qingxin , Li Wei
Published: November 2023

Atomically dispersed Fe─N─C catalysts display great potential for efficient CO production in the field of electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR), but still suffer from unsatisfactory activity limited by the slow proton and electron transfer during the ECR process. Here, a superior Fe─N─C electrocatalyst is designed by anchoring the individual FeN4 sites and Fe nanoparticles onto highly conductive carbon nanotubes. The resultant catalyst displays a commendable CO partial current density of 16.01 mA cm−2 with a turnover frequency of 3519.6 h−1 at −0.65 V in an H‐type cell, and also exhibits CO selectivity > 90% under high current density over 120 mA cm−2 in a flow cell. This remarkable activity exceeds a host of previously reported Fe─N─C catalysts. The findings indicate that the carbon nanotube facilitates CO production due to its strong capability of electron transport and charge transfer. In situ spectroscopic analysis, controlled experiments, and theoretical calculations reveal that Fe nanoparticles effectively promote water dissociation and the subsequent protonation step, accelerate the formation of *COOH intermediate, and thus greatly enhance the ECR activity.
Polymer‐Grafting from MOF Nanosheets for the Fabrication of Versatile 2D Materials
Authors: Ye Siyuan , Hosono Nobuhiko , Uemura Takashi
Published: November 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials based on metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanosheets are highly useful for electronic devices, catalysis, and energy storage systems because of their high structural designability and anisotropy. However, their high surface energy often causes aggregation and low dispersibility, which reduces their processability and performance. To address these fundamental issues, it is reported a new approach involving polymer grafting from the surfaces of MOF nanosheets. A newly discovered one‐step synthetic pathway provides MOF nanosheets functionalized with a polymerization initiator agent on the surface with over 90% yield. Successive nitroxide‐mediated living polymerization of vinyl monomers from the MOF nanosheet surfaces provides polymer‐grafted nanosheets with superior dispersibility in many organic solvents. The polymer‐decorated MOF nanosheets exhibit versatile property modulation, which allows for their protection and efficient use in applications such as photoredox catalysts and oil/water separation membranes. This polymer‐grafting approach can facilitate the fabrication of surface‐functionalized MOF nanosheets, which can lead to the wider application of 2D materials in various fields.
21.41%‐Efficiency CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by an Effective Redox Strategy with 4‐Fluorobenzothiohydrazide in Precursor Solution
Authors: Duan Yuwei , Wang Jungang , Xu Dongfang , Ji Peigen , Zhou Hui , Li Yong , Yang Shaoming , Xie Zhuang , Hai Xiaohu , Lei Xuruo , Sun Rui , Fan Zihao , Zhang Ke , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Zhike
Published: November 2023

To simultaneously stabilize cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) precursor solution and passivate the defects in CsPbI3 film is greatly significant for achieving highly stable and efficient CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an effective redox 4‐fluorobenzothiohydrazide (FBTH) is developed to stabilize the precursor solution and passivate iodine/lead‐related defects for high‐quality CsPbI3 film. The comprehensive research confirms that 1) a new compound FBTH‐I is obtained from an effective redox interaction between FBTH and molecular iodine (I2) in perovskite precursor solution, which can effectively impede the formation of I2 molecule and restrain I− migration in perovskite film by forming N–H···I bond; 2) FBTH‐I can also passivate Pb‐related defects via forming S···Pb interaction. Consequently, the CsPbI3 PSC based on FBTH‐treated precursor solution exhibits a fascinating power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.41%, which is one of the highest PCE values among the reported pure CsPbI3 PSCs so far, and an outstanding stability against the harsh conditions, such as thermal annealing and continuous light‐illumination.
Hollow Cavity CaO2@Polydopamine Nanocomposites for pH‐Responsive Ca2+‐Enhanced Efficient Mild Hyperthermia in the NIR‐II Region
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang Shuqi , Li Shanshan , Zhen Wenyao , Jia Xiaodan , Jiang Xiue
Published: November 2023

Second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) mild photothermal therapy with higher tissue penetration depth and less damage to healthy tissues is emerging as an attractive antitumor modality, but its therapeutic efficiency is dramatically suppressed by the resistance of heat shock proteins (HSPs). As a widely explored photothermal agent, the application of polydopamine (PDA) in the NIR‐II region is hampered by low photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, its PCE in the NIR‐II region is improved by developing novel hollow cavity CaO2@PDA nanocomposites through chelation‐induced diffusion of inner core Ca2+ to the shell PDA to facilitate multiple reflections of laser in the cavity. Upon pH‐responsive degradation of CaO2, its structure is transformed into a stacked “nano‐mesh” with excellent light absorption and an enlarged effective irradiation area. Overloading of Ca2+ ions not only induces downregulation of HSPs but also enhances interference of light on membrane potential, which further aggravate mitochondrial dysfunction and reduce the thermotolerance of tumor cells, promoting efficient mild hyperthermia of PDA in the NIR‐II region.
Seconds Timescale Synthesis of Highly Stretchable Antibacterial Hydrogel for Skin Wound Closure and Epidermal Strain Sensor
Authors: Bi Yanni , Sun Mimi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Fuxin , Du Yan , Wang Jingjuan , Zhou Ming , Ma Chong‐Bo
Published: November 2023

Effective wound healing is critical for patient care, and the development of novel wound dressing materials that promote healing, prevent infection, and are user‐friendly is of great importance, particularly in the context of point‐of‐care testing (POCT). This study reports the synthesis of a hydrogel material that can be produced in less than 10 s and possesses antibacterial activity against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive microorganisms, as well as the ability to inhibit the growth of eukaryotic cells, such as yeast. The hydrogel is formed wholly based on covalent‐like hydrogen bonding interactions and exhibits excellent mechanical properties, with the ability to stretch up to more than 600% of its initial length. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrates ultra‐fast self‐healing properties, with fractures capable of being repaired within 10 s. This hydrogel can promote skin wound healing, with the added advantage of functioning as a strain sensor that generates an electrical signal in response to physical deformation. The strain sensor composed of a rubber shell realizes fast and responsive strain sensing. The findings suggest that this hydrogel has promising applications in the field of POCT for wound care, providing a new avenue for improved patient outcomes.
Microphase‐Separated Elastic and Ultrastretchable Ionogel for Reliable Ionic Skin with Multimodal Sensation
Authors: Lv Dong , Li Xin , Huang Xin , Cao Chunyan , Ai Liqing , Wang Xuejiao , Ravi Sai Kishore , Yao Xi
Published: November 2023

Bioinspired artificial skins integrated with reliable human‐machine interfaces and stretchable electronic systems have attracted considerable attention. However, the current design faces difficulties in simultaneously achieving satisfactory skin‐like mechanical compliance and self‐powered multimodal sensing. Here, this work reports a microphase‐separated bicontinuous ionogel which possesses skin‐like mechanical properties and mimics the multimodal sensing ability of biological skin by ion‐driven stimuli‐electricity conversion. The ionogel exhibits excellent elasticity and ionic conductivity, high toughness, and ultrastretchability, as well as a Young's modulus similar to that of human skin. Leveraging the ion‐polymer interactions enabled selective ion transport, the ionogel can output pulsing or continuous electrical signals in response to diverse stimuli such as strain, touch pressure, and temperature sensitively, demonstrating a unique self‐powered multimodal sensing. Furthermore, the ionogel‐based I‐skin can concurrently sense different stimuli and decouple the variations of the stimuli from the voltage signals with the assistance of a machine‐learning model. The ease of fabrication, wide tunability, self‐powered multimodal sensing, and the excellent environmental tolerance of the ionogels demonstrate a new strategy in the development of next‐generation soft smart mechano‐transduction devices.
Efficient Photothermal Anti‐/Deicing Enabled by 3D Cu2‐xS Encapsulated Phase Change Materials Mixed Superhydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Hou Mingtai , Jiang Zeyi , Sun Wen , Chen Zhenghao , Chu Fuqiang , Lai Nien‐Chu
Published: November 2023

Photothermal superhydrophobic surfaces are one of the most promising anti‐/deicing materials, yet they are limited by the low energy density and intermittent nature of solar energy. Here, a coupling solution based on microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) that integrates photothermal effect and phase change thermal storage is proposed. Dual‐shell octahedral MPCMs with Cu2O as the first layer and 3D Cu2‐xS as the second layer for the first time is designed. By morphology and phase manipulation of the Cu2‐xS shell, the local surface plasmonic heating modulation of MPCMs is realized, and the MPCM reveals full‐spectrum high absorption with a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 96.1%. The phase change temperature and enthalpy remain in good consistency after 200 cycles. Multifunctional photothermal phase‐change superhydrophobic composite coatings are fabricated by combining the hydrolyzed and polycondensation products of octadecyl trichlorosilane and the dual‐shell MPCM. The multifunctional coatings exhibit excellent anti‐/deicing performance under low temperature and high humidity conditions. This work not only provides a new approach for the design of high‐performance MPCMs but also opens up an avenue for the anti‐icing application of photothermal phase‐change superhydrophobic composite coatings.
Bismuth and Chlorine Dual‐Doped Perovskite Chloride as a Phase‐Structure‐Stable and Moisture‐Resistant Solid Electrolyte for Chloride Ion Batteries
Authors: Xia Tianchen , Li Qiang , Zhao Xiangyu , Shen Xiaodong
Published: November 2023

Perovskite chloride, an anion conductor, is a promising candidate to be a solid electrolyte for high‐energy and sustainable chloride ion batteries (CIB). However, it suffers from poor structural stability at low temperature and in ambient conditions, which leads to its transformation from an ionic conductor to an insulator. Herein, a bismuth and chlorine dual doping strategy is developed to stabilize the cubic structure of CsSnCl3 in harsh environments. The as‐prepared dual‐doped CsSn0.9Bi0.1Cl3.1 material with an optimized composition maintains its cubic structure at the extremely low temperature of 213 K for 10 days and at 40% relative humidity for 50 days, while the undoped cubic material deteriorates and transforms to a monoclinic phase under these conditions in less than 1 day. Consequently, the dual doping achieves efficient chloride ion conduction that is superior to single bismuth doping due to the introduction of interstitial chlorine facilitating chloride ion transport. Importantly, the practicality of the as‐prepared solid electrolyte is demonstrated in different symmetric solid cells and by various CIBs using the organic electrode couple, a multivalent metal chloride cathode, or a new high‐voltage metal oxychloride cathode.
Total Synthesis of Laetevirenol A via Regioselective Gold‐Catalyzed and Acid‐Promoted Cyclizations
Authors: Milián Ana , Sánchez‐Jiménez Lucía , Tostado Jaime , Vaquero Juan J. , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , García‐García Patricia
Published: November 2023

The total synthesis of Laetevirenol A, a natural product with antioxidant activity, has been achieved. A gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of an o‐alkenyl‐o’‐alkynylbiphenyl has been used as the key step for the construction of the phenanthrene moiety present in Laetevirenol A. Several studies in model substrates have been carried out to unveil the effect of substituents in different locations in the outcome of this cyclization, which allowed the design of an appropriate precursor for the fundamental gold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization. The suitably functionalized phenanthrene intermediate obtained in this key step could be further transformed into Laetevirenol A via a Friedel‐Crafts cyclization, which also turned out to be dependent on the nature of the substituents. Finally, Laetevirenol A was obtained in 10 steps from commercially available substrates, with a 20% global yield.
Design of a 180 nm CMOS Neuron Circuit with Soft‐Reset and Underflow Allowing for Loss‐Less Hardware Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: Kim Jaesung , Kim Jung Nam , Kim Yoon , Hwang Sungmin , Koo Minsuk
Published: November 2023

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been researched as an alternative to reduce the gap with the human brain in terms of energy efficiency, due to their inherent spare event‐driven characteristics from a hardware implementation perspective. However, they still face significant challenges in learning, compared to artificial neural networks (ANNs). Recently, several algorithms have been developed to narrow the performance gap between SNNs and ANNs, including features in spiking neurons that can reduce information loss in the membrane potential. Inspired by these advancements, the current study designs and measures a neuron circuit using 180 nm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology to address this information loss. The proposed circuit successfully implements these features, and their performance is validated through simulation based on the measured data.
Synthesis of novel biphenyl‐fused alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and its performance in thermostable and transparent colorless polyimides
Authors: Zhou Di , Kong Ling‐lu , Liu Shu‐mei , Yuan Yan‐chao , Ma Yu‐guang , Huang Ming‐jun , Mo Yue‐qi , Qin Dong‐huan , Zhao Jian‐qing
Published: November 2023

Biphenyl fused alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 6,6′,7,7′‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride‐5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′‐octahydro‐2,2′‐binaphthalene (OHBNDA) was successfully synthesized from biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) through hydrolysis, reduction, bromination, and Diels–Alder reaction. Three OHBNDA‐based polyimides (PIs) were synthesized by one‐step polycondensation at high temperature with 9,9‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL), 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl (TFMB), and 4,4′‐diamino‐2,2′‐dimethyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl (m‐TolDA) diamines, respectively. These PIs have moderate molecular weights and good solubility in polar organic solvents, such as N,N‐dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). OHBNDA‐TFMB, OHBNDA‐m‐TolDA, and OHBNDA‐BAFL display glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of 309, 329, and 377°C from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves, and the decomposition temperatures at 5% weight loss (Td5) of as high as 522, 507, and 548°C under nitrogen, respectively. Meanwhile, these PI films also show good optical transparency with the cut‐off wavelength <315 nm and the transmittance >75% at 400 nm. These results confirm that aryl‐fused alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides can afford transparent/colorless PIs with high thermal stability, especially the higher decomposition temperatures than the wholly alicyclic dianhydrides.
Repurposing endogenous type II CRISPR‐Cas9 system for genome editing in Streptococcus thermophilus
Authors: Ma Shuai , Wang Feiyu , Xuejing Zhang , Liping Qiao , Xueping Guo , Lu Xuemei , Qi Qingsheng
Published: November 2023

Streptococcus thermophilus has been extensively used in industrial milk fermentation. However, lack of efficient genetic manipulation approaches greatly hampered the industrial application of this species. Here, we repurposed the endogenous CRISPR1 and CRISPR3 systems, both belong to type II‐A CRISPR‐Cas9, by delivering a self‐targeting CRISPR array with DNA repair template into S. thermophilus LMD‐9. We achieved 785‐bp deletion in lacZ gene by repurposing CRISPR1 and CRISPR3 systems with efficiencies of 35% and 59%, respectively, when 1‐kb DNA repair template was provided. While providing with 1.5‐kb repair template, the editing efficiency for deletion in lacZ gene reached 90% using CRISPR3 systems. Diverse editing outcomes encompassing a stop code insertion and single nucleotide variation within lacZ, as well as a 234‐bp DNA fragment insertion upstream of ster_0903, were generated with high efficiencies of 75%–100% using the CRISPR3 system. Harnessing the customized endogenous CRISPR3 system to target six genes of eps gene cluster, we obtained six single‐gene knockout mutants with efficiencies of 29%–80%, and proved that the epsA, epsE, and epsG were the key genes affecting exopolysaccharides biosynthesis in S. thermophilus LMD‐9. Altogether, repurposing the native type II‐A CRISPR‐Cas9 can be served as a toolkit for precise genome engineering in S. thermophilus for biotechnological applications.
Development of a nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for patients with esophageal cancer in China: Findings from the Delphi method
Authors: Shang Jingjing , Dong Wen , Huang Peipei , Sun Yidan , He Yuxin , Li Hui , Liao Shengwu , Li Mei
Published: November 2023

Background

In China, individuals diagnosed with esophageal cancer are confronted with an elevated risk of nutritional inadequacy or malnutrition throughout the course of their disease, a condition that contributes to various adverse clinical outcomes. A vast corpus of data are burgeoning at an unprecedented rate, primarily due to the revolutionary growth of digitalization technologies and artificial intelligence, notably within the domains of health care and medicine. The purpose of this investigation is to initiate the development of a nutritional screening and assessment indicator framework for patients with esophageal cancer within the Chinese context. We seek to furnish an instrumental reference to facilitate preparations for the forthcoming era of advanced, “deep,” evidence‐based medicine.

Methods

An integrative methodology was employed to forge the preliminary draft of the nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for preoperative patients with esophageal cancer. This encompassed a rigorous literature survey, in‐depth clinical practice investigation, and the facilitation of expert panel discussions. Thereafter, two iterative consultation phases were conducted using the Delphi method in China. The analytic hierarchy process was deployed to ascertain the weighting of each index within the definitive evaluation indicator system.

Results

The effective response rates for the dual rounds of expert consultation were 91.7% and 86.4%, with commensurate authority coefficients of 0.97 and 0.91. The Kendall harmony coefficients were ascertained to be 0.19 and 0.14 (p < 0.01), respectively. The culminating nutritional screening and assessment indicator system for patients with esophageal cancer comprised 5 primary‐level indicators and 38 secondary‐level indicators.

Conclusions

The nutritional screening and assessment indicator system contrived for patients with esophageal cancer is underpinned by cogent theoretical principles, leverages an astute research methodology, and manifests dependable outcomes. This system may be appositely utilized as a meaningful reference for the nutritional screening and assessment process in patients afflicted with esophageal cancer.
Artificial intelligence integration in counsellor education and supervision: A roadmap for future directions and research inquiries
Authors: Maurya Rakesh K. , DeDiego Amanda C.
Published: November 2023

This article explores the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in counsellor education and supervision, presenting a roadmap for future research inquiries. The article underscores the need for future research to critically examine the ethical and beneficial integration of AI in counsellor education, focusing on training programmes and guidelines. Additionally, it calls for the development of comprehensive frameworks for AI chatbot integration, supervision models for counsellors‐in‐training and further exploration of AI's potential in the counselling profession. In conclusion, while advanced conversational AI shows promise in counselling, more research is needed to ensure responsible and effective integration. This article provides valuable insights and directions for future investigations, aiming to shape the ethical use of AI technologies in the counselling field.
A Review of the Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, and Anticancer Properties of Melicope Species
Authors: Adewale Ahmed Idris , Hossain Md. Sanower , Pei Cee Lim , Hisam Zamakshsharia Nor
Published: November 2023

The genus Melicope, which consists of 230 species, stands out as the largest genus within the Rutaceae family. Melicope species are characterized by their evergreen nature and can range from shrubs to predominantly dioecious trees. The Melicope species have been utilized in traditional medicine to address a wide range of ailments, including fever, colds, cramps, and inflammation. These plants have gained significant attention due to their noteworthy ethnopharmacological and ethnomedicinal significance. Researchers have isolated numerous biologically active secondary metabolites from different Melicope species, which include polymethoxylated flavonoids, furanocoumarins, acetophenones, benzenoids, and quinolone alkaloids. These compounds exhibit diverse biological activities, such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal, and antiproliferative properties against human cancer cell lines. This review provides an update on the chemical constituents of the selected species of Melicope. The study also highlights the anticancer and cytotoxicity properties of the plant extracts and phytochemical constituents from Melicope species. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects are elucidated. Overall, this review contributes to understanding the significant pharmacological potential of Melicope species and unlocking their chemical composition, emphasizing their relevance in the development of therapeutic agents, particularly in the field of cancer research.
NMR – Die SPINnen, die Atome
Authors: Keitel Maximilian , Küstner Niklas , Wunsch Jonas Florian
Published: November 2023

Die folgende Aufgabe befasst sich mit der 1H‐Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie (NMR‐Spektroskopie) als Standardmethode zur Analyse organischer Verbindungen. Unter anderem werden einfache Faustregeln zur Auswertung von NMR‐Spektren an die Hand gegeben.
Unraveling the influence of human capital and stakeholder engagement on corporate digital responsibility: Implications for firm performance in Southeast Asia enterprises
Authors: Vo Thai Huy‐Cuong , Hue Trinh Hoang Hong , Chen Pei‐fen , Tran My‐Linh
Published: November 2023

Southeast Asian enterprises (SAEs) face the challenge of ensuring responsible and ethical utilization of data and digital technologies in the rapidly evolving digital landscape. Corporate digital responsibility (CDR) has emerged as a framework to guide organizations in adopting socially, economically, technologically, and ecologically responsible practices. However, empirical research on CDR is limited, highlighting the need for further investigation to bridge the gap between theory and practice. This study addresses this gap by examining the influence of human capital and stakeholder engagement on the formulation and execution of CDR strategies and their impact on firm performance. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of a Resource‐Based View and analyzing data from 2106 enterprises in Vietnam, Philippines, and Indonesia were collected through the Future of Business Survey. This research contributes insights into the drivers and determinants of CDR adoption and implementation, evaluates the effectiveness of different CDR approaches in achieving favorable post‐CDR performance outcomes, emphasizes the moderating role of stakeholder engagement, and offers a unique empirical perspective within the context of SAEs. This study enriches our understanding of CDR and provides practical implications for organizations seeking to navigate the complexities of responsible digital practices.
Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural via Hydrogen Bonds Reconstruction with Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Chu Fuhao , Lu Bo , Zhao Guiyi , Zhu Zhiguo , Yang Kaixuan , Su Ting , Zhang Qiaohong , Chen Chen , Lü Hongying
Published: November 2023

Hydrogen bonding effect exists widely in various chemical and biochemical systems, primarily stabilizing the molecular structure as a positive factor. However, the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds among biomass molecules results in a formidable challenge for the efficient utilization of biomass resources. Here in, a novel strategy of “hydrogen bonds reconstruction” was developed by a series of ternary deep eutectic solvent (DESs) as molecular scissors, which disrupting the initial intermolecular hydrogen bonds and reconstructing the new ones to increase the reactivity of the biomass‐based compound. The DESs played a crucial role in enhancing the reactivity of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and promoting its oxidation through reconstructing the hydrogen bonds interactions. Furthermore, DESs was also found to activate the Anderson‐type catalyst Na5IMo6O24 (IMo6) through an electron‐transfer mechanism, which facilitated the generation of oxygen vacancies and significantly enhances its ability to activate molecular oxygen. With this novel catalytic system, oxidation of HMF exhibited remarkable efficiency as HMF was almost entirely converted into FFCA with an impressive yield of 98 % under the optimized conditions. This finding offers novel insights into the utilization of biomass resources and endows the solvent with new functions in the chemical reaction.
Bias‐based bullying, self‐esteem, queer identity pride, and disordered eating behaviors among sexually and gender diverse adolescents
Authors: Lawrence Samantha E. , Watson Ryan J. , Eadeh Hana‐May , Brown Camille , Puhl Rebecca M. , Eisenberg Marla E.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Limited research incorporates an intersectional approach when evaluating disordered eating behaviors among those holding minoritized social positions, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning, and/or transgender/gender diverse (LGBTQ) adolescents. The current study assessed stigma experiences from peers at school, self‐esteem, LGBTQ pride, and overlapping social positions as they relate to disordered eating behaviors among LGBTQ adolescents.

Method

Participants included 11,083 adolescents (Mage = 15.6, SD = 1.3; 34.8% transgender/gender diverse) from a large national survey study of LGBTQ adolescents from 2017. Exhaustive Chi‐square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to identify bias‐based bullying experiences (i.e., weight‐based, identity‐based), self‐esteem, LGBTQ pride, and overlapping social positions (i.e., gender identity, sexual identity, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) percentile) associated with the highest prevalence of unhealthy weight control behaviors, extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors, and past year binge eating.

Results

Adolescents in the 28 identified groups with a high prevalence of disordered eating behavior held at least one structurally marginalized social position (e.g., high BMI), bias‐based bullying experience, low self‐esteem, or low LGBTQ pride in addition to being LGBTQ. Weight‐based bullying was a salient risk‐factor for disordered eating across social positions. Among adolescents with the same social positions, levels of self‐esteem, LGBTQ pride, but no bias‐based bullying experience, prevalence estimates of disordered eating were, on average, 23% lower.

Discussion

LGBTQ adolescents with multiple marginalized social positions and related factors engage in disproportionately high prevalence disordered eating. Findings underscore the importance of addressing intersecting experiences of stigma to reduce disordered eating and promote health equity among adolescents.

Public significance

Multiply marginalized LGBTQ adolescents, most of whom also reported experiencing bias‐based bullying from peers at school, reported disproportionately high prevalence disordered eating. In comparison groups of adolescents with no bias‐based bullying experience, prevalence of disordered eating was, on average, 24% lower. Findings underscore the importance of addressing intersecting experiences of stigma to reduce disordered eating and promote health equity among adolescents.
Rationale and design of the ESC Heart Failure III Registry – Implementation and discovery
Authors: Lund Lars H. , Crespo‐Leiro Maria Generosa , Laroche Cecile , Garcia‐Pinilla Jose M. , Bennis Ahmed , Vataman Eleonora B. , Polovina Marija , Radovanovic Slavica , Apostolovic Svetlana R. , Ašanin Milika , Gackowski Andrzej , Kaplon‐Cieslicka Agnieszka , Cabac‐Pogorevici Irina , Anker Stefan D. , Chioncel Ovidiu , Coats Andrew J.S. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Lainscak Mitja , Mcdonagh Theresa , Mebazaa Alexandre , Metra Marco , Piepoli Massimo , Rosano Giuseppe M. , Ruschitzka Frank , Savarese Gianluigi , Seferović Petar M. , Iung Bernard , Popescu Bogdan A. , Maggioni Aldo P. ,   for the ESC EORP HF III National Leaders and Investigators
Published: November 2023

Aims

Heart failure outcomes remain poor despite advances in therapy. The European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure III Registry (ESC HF III Registry) aims to characterize HF clinical features and outcomes and to assess implementation of guideline‐recommended therapy in Europe and other ESC affiliated countries.

Methods

Between 1 November 2018 and 31 December 2020, 10 162 patients with chronic or acute/worsening HF with reduced, mildly reduced, or preserved ejection fraction were enrolled from 220 centres in 41 European or ESC affiliated countries. The ESC HF III Registry collected data on baseline characteristics (hospital or clinic presentation), hospital course, diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in hospital and at the clinic visit; and on outcomes at 12‐month follow‐up. These data include demographics, medical history, physical examination, biomarkers and imaging, quality of life, treatments, and interventions – including drug doses and reasons for non‐use, and cause‐specific outcomes.

Conclusion

The ESC HF III Registry will provide comprehensive and unique insight into contemporary HF characteristics, treatment implementation, and outcomes, and may impact implementation strategies, clinical discovery, trial design, and public policy.
Chirality Generated by Hindered Rotations in Platinum(II)‐Pyridine Complexes
Authors: Stoccoro Sergio , Sini Alessandro , Senzacqua Giacomo , Maidich Luca , Ortu Fabrizio , Zucca Antonio
Published: November 2023

The reaction oftrans‐[Pt(DMSO)2MeCl] with 2‐alkylsubstituted pyridines pyRaffords a series of complexes of the type [Pt(pyR)(DMSO)MeCl]. These complexes are rare examples of organometallic square‐planar complexes having four different ligands. Of the three possible geometric isomers, only thetrans(N,S)‐[Pt(pyR)(DMSO)MeCl] was observed in solution and isolated in the solid state. However, the lack of chirality typical to square planar geometry can be resolved in several ways one of which is described in this paper.1H NMR studies reveal diastereotopicity of the DMSO methyls, as well as the CH2protons in the ethyl‐ and neopentyl‐pyridine complexes and the methyls in the isopropyl‐pyridine derivative. This observation can be ascribed to restricted rotations around the Pt−N bond, thus resulting in the presence of planar chirality for these complexes. Additionally, large downfield shifts in the1H NMR spectra of the α C−H protons in the pyridine substituents suggested the presence of Pt⋯H−C interactions, confirmedviasingle crystal X‐ray studies in the case of the isopropyl complex [Pt(pyip)(DMSO)MeCl] (4), which shows an apical Pt⋯H interaction with a short 2.585 Å distance. DFT calculations shed light into the stability of these complexes and the influence of the pyridine‐substituent on their chiral configuration.