bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation of marine waste heat recovery system based on organic Rankine cycle under various engine operating conditions
Authors: Akman Mehmet , Ergin Selma
Published: May 2018

Energy-saving, stricter regulations on pollution prevention, increasing energy efficiency and reducing operational costs have become common and primary issues for maritime industry, recently. One of the methods to improve these requirements onboard is to use a waste heat recovery system based on organic Rankine cycle. In this article, organic Rankine cycle–based waste heat recovery system for a chemical/oil tanker is investigated at different engine operating conditions by thermodynamic, environmental and economic analyses. The jacket cooling water, scavenge air, exhaust gas and combination of these three sources are used as the waste heat sources. R245fa is selected as the working fluid. The performance parameters of four different organic Rankine cycle–based waste heat recovery systems integrated with the main engine of the tanker are calculated and presented. The results show that by using the organic Rankine cycle–based waste heat recovery system onboard, it is possible to increase the overall thermal efficiency of the ship’s power plant by more than 6% and the combined organic Rankine cycle–based waste heat recovery system can meet all navigation electricity demand when the engine is operated at 82% maximum continuous rating or higher engine loads. In comparison with other organic Rankine cycle–based waste heat recovery systems, the combined organic Rankine cycle–based waste heat recovery system has the highest capital cost, but it has the shortest payback time. Furthermore, this system can reduce the ship emissions by about 6.9%.
Religious diversity in the school culture among youth and adults
Authors: Chaves Haracemiv Sonia Maria , Branco Veronica
Published: May 2018

This article presents the research carried out in the State Center for Basic Education for Young and Adult Primary and Secondary School Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, a privileged space in the recognition and valorisation of the trajectories of different social and ethnic groups. The study uses the methodology of action research, where all had their voice, attending to the interest of identifying the level of respect and religious tolerance of each group. Diversity of habits and attitudes in relation to beliefs, symbols and sacred locus, ethical values, languages and rites have been identified.
Determining the Long-Term Effectiveness of a Group-Based Physical Activity Program
Authors: Batra Anamica , Palmer Richard C. , Bastida Elena , McCoy H. Virginia , Khan Hafiz M. R.
Published: May 2018

Objective. In 2015, only half (48%) of older adults in the United States (≥60 years) reported engaging in any kind of physical activity. Few studies examine the impact of evidence-based programs when adopted in community-based settings. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of EnhanceFitness (EF) upto 12-months. Method. EF was offered to older adults in South Florida. A total of 222 EF classes were offered between October 2008 and December 2014. Program consisted of a 1-hour session held three times a week. Even though participation was required for 4 months, 1,295 participants continued the program for at least 1 year. Results. All participants showed significant improvement in outcome measures. A mean change of 1.5, 1.7, and 1.9 was seen in number of chair stands at 4, 8, and 12 months (p < .001), respectively. The number of arm curls performed improved from 16.8 at baseline to 18.8, 18.8, and 19.2 at 4-, 8-, and 12-months, respectively. Participants improved their up-and-go time by decreasing from 9.1 (baseline) to 8.7 (4 months) to 8.6 (12 months; p = .001). Discussion. Randomized controlled trials are commonly used to determine the efficacy of an intervention. These interventions when disseminated at the population level have the potential to benefit large masses. EF is currently offered at more than 700 locations. This tremendous success of EF brings attention to an important question of continuous monitoring of these programs to ensure program consistency and intended outcomes. The model used by the Healthy Aging Regional Collaborative could be replicated by other communities.
Qianlongtong Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Hyperplastic Prostate Cells
Authors: Yuan Yifeng , Yang Jing , Zhu Wenxiong , liu Tao , He JuQiao , Zhou Qing , Zhou Xing , Zhang Xi
Published: May 2018

Qianlongtong is a compound made from traditional Chinese herbs and it has proven to be very effective to treat patients with benign prostate hypertrophy. However, its mechanism is still unknown. This study is designed to investigate the effect of Qianlongtong on proliferation and apoptosis of hyperplastic prostate cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) were used to assess proliferation and apoptosis of hyperplastic prostate cells in the following groups: control group, tamoxifen group, and groups with low, moderate, and high dosage of Qianlongtong. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms for increased apoptosis. Cells treated with Qianlongtong were mainly blocked in the G0/G1 phase. The apoptotic index of each group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The apoptotic index in the high- and moderate-dosage groups was similar to that in the tamoxifen group. The high- and moderate-dosage groups had lower Bcl-2 and higher Bax messenger RNA (mRNA) levels compared with the control group. Qianlongtong inhibits proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of hyperplastic prostate cells.
Penoscrotal Transposition to Achieve Urethral Continuity After Long-Segment Urethral Defect: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Lin , Shu Hui-Quan , Jin Chong-Rui , Gu Jie , Sa Ying-Long
Published: May 2018

Penoscrotal transposition and pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty for the treatment of long-segment bulbar and membranous urethral stenosis is rarely reported. This study reports the case of a 43-year-old man with dysuria resulting from pelvic fracture. The patient had a long-term history of multiple urethral reconstructions and presented a long-segment bulbar and membranous urethral stenosis at imaging. Penoscrotal transposition and pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty was performed and completed in 170 min (blood loss: 400 ml). Postoperative treatment was uneventful with favorable short-term outcomes and high patient satisfaction without recurrence at 12-month follow-up. This surgical technique should be attempted in carefully selected patients with long-segment bulbar and membranous urethral stenosis and performed by an experienced urethral reconstruction specialist.
East Lancashire Hospital Trust creates an open culture paving the way for service improvement ‘Below ten thousand’
Authors: Tomlinson Robert
Published: May 2018

Reacting to a never event is difficult and often embarrassing for staff involved. East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust has demonstrated that treating staff with respect after a never event, creates an open culture that encourages problem solving and service improvement. The approach has allowed learning to be shared and paved the way for the trust to be the first in the UK to launch the patient centric behavioural noise reduction strategy ‘Below ten thousand’.
Changing operating lists on the day of surgery: a service evaluation
Authors: Walmsley T , Schmitgen G , Carr S , Mortimer P , Garside J , Gillibrand W
Published: May 2018

This study aims to explore how often the operating list is changed on the day of surgery and the reasons why this may occur. The purpose was to analyse the wider potential impact that changing the list on the day of surgery may have on patient safety, patient satisfaction and theatre efficiency. Survey data was collected across a multi-specialty elective operating department. The findings demonstrated that a significant change in operating lists occurred in 37.3% of sessions, for a variety of potentially avoidable reasons. We concluded that improved organisation and communication before the planned session could reduce the occurrence of changes, thereby increasing patient safety, theatre efficiency and potentially reducing incidents.
Epidemiology of Figure Skating Injuries: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Han Julie S. , Geminiani Ellen T. , Micheli Lyle J.
Published: May 2018

Context:

As the popularity and technical demands of figure skating increase, so will the number of athletes presenting with sport-related problems.

Evidence Acquisition:

Searches were performed across PubMed from 1980 to 2017. The keywords searched were skating, skaters, incidence, and injuries. The search was limited to English-language articles and human participants. Relevant articles were cross-referenced.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 5.

Results:

Previous studies suggest an increase in incidence of figure skating injuries from 1982 to 2003. When combining all disciplines of figure skating, there is a similar proportion of acute and overuse injuries. Within disciplines, overuse injuries appear to be more common in singles skating, while acute injuries are more common in pairs skating, ice dancing, and synchronized skating. Lower extremity injuries are more common than upper extremity injuries in all disciplines, and pairs skating accounts for the majority of upper extremity injuries. Ankle sprains are the most common skating injury, and patellar tendinitis is the most common overuse injury across all disciplines. Stress fractures are the most common overuse injury in female singles skaters.

Conclusion:

The predominance of overuse injuries in singles disciplines reflects their increasing technical difficulty, with more difficult jumps and longer training hours. Partner disciplines are more likely to involve acute injuries and upper extremity injuries due to high-risk throws and lifts. Emphasis should be placed on properly fitting skating boots, intrinsic foot and ankle strengthening, and lower extremity flexibility, which may prevent many of the common lower extremity and back injuries in figure skating.
Human Body Odour Composites Are Not Perceived More Positively than the Individual Samples
Authors: Fialová Jitka , Sorokowska Agnieszka , Roberts S. Craig , Kubicová Lydie , Havlíček Jan
Published: May 2018

It is well established that composite facial images are perceived as more attractive compared with individual images, suggesting a preference for heterozygosity. Similarly, there is evidence that preferences for body odours might be linked to heterozygosity. Here, we tested whether blending individual body odours into composites would follow a similar pattern as observed in the perception of faces. We collected axillary odour samples from 38 individuals, which were subsequently assessed individually and as composites of two ( N = 19) or four ( N = 9) body odours regarding their pleasantness, attractiveness and intensity. We found no significant differences between mean ratings of individual odour samples or composites of two or four odour samples. Our results indicate that, in contrast to faces, composite body odours are not rated as more attractive. Composite body odours retain similar hedonic perceptual qualities as individual odours, thus highlighting differences in visual and chemosensory perceptual mechanisms.
Magic Circle
Authors: Koenderink Jan , van Doorn Andrea , Wagemans Johan
Published: May 2018

Full-horizon cylindrical projections of the optic array are in common use. One wonders whether the public actually profits from such pictorial information, since the space behind one’s back does not exist in visual awareness. In an experiment, a test image included six persons located at the corners of an irregular hexagon centred at the camera. Two persons faced the camera, two turned their back to the camera and two others faced a direction at right angles to the camera. The distances to the camera were unequal and varied from 1 to 2 m. Participants were asked to draw a ground plan of the perceived configuration, including actors and camera, on the basis of viewing the picture. As with any picture there exist many possible interpretations, the ambiguity grows even more when the angular scope of the picture is unknown. Almost all naïve viewers parse this planispheric (Mercator) representation so as to have the whole scene in front of them, with the actors standing in a circle, facing each other. They take the viewpoint to be outside the circle. Only a few placed the viewpoint inside the circle, which is indeed another reasonable interpretation (in this case the actual one).
A Bayesian Model of the Memory Colour Effect
Authors: Witzel Christoph , Olkkonen Maria , Gegenfurtner Karl R.
Published: May 2018

According to the memory colour effect, the colour of a colour-diagnostic object is not perceived independently of the object itself. Instead, it has been shown through an achromatic adjustment method that colour-diagnostic objects still appear slightly in their typical colour, even when they are colourimetrically grey. Bayesian models provide a promising approach to capture the effect of prior knowledge on colour perception and to link these effects to more general effects of cue integration. Here, we model memory colour effects using prior knowledge about typical colours as priors for the grey adjustments in a Bayesian model. This simple model does not involve any fitting of free parameters. The Bayesian model roughly captured the magnitude of the measured memory colour effect for photographs of objects. To some extent, the model predicted observed differences in memory colour effects across objects. The model could not account for the differences in memory colour effects across different levels of realism in the object images. The Bayesian model provides a particularly simple account of memory colour effects, capturing some of the multiple sources of variation of these effects.
Assessment of the effect of mesoglycan in the treatment of audiovestibular disorders of vascular origin
Authors: Neri Giampiero , Marcelli Vincenzo , Califano Luigi ,   Glicover Investigators
Published: May 2018

It is a well-known fact that inner ear diseases are often caused by microcirculatory disorders, and the recent literature is oriented towards investigations into the relationship between the cardiovascular system and cochleovestibular illness with related classical symptoms: tinnitus, hearing loss, and vertigo or instability. These symptoms, and particularly the vertigo, may be the alarm signal of microcirculatory disorders of the labyrinth or vertebrobasilar circulation so as to represent a possible symptom of posterior circulation stroke. The treatment aimed at correcting the haemodynamic and metabolic imbalance, generated by the cochleovestibular microcirculatory disorders, with drugs that act on the vessel wall being very useful, both alone and in combination with other treatment protocols. This is a multicenter retrospective observational study conducted in 40 neurootological laboratories with 873 patients with cardiovascular risk factors suffering from tinnitus, instability or peripheral vertigo alone or in combination with one another treated for the first time with mesoglycan. The data collected showed that the treatment with mesoglycan, irrespective of the type of vascular risk factor, is not only well tolerated but also significantly and objectively improves the cochleovestibular symptoms and the quality of life of patients suffering from tinnitus, peripheral vertigo and instability.
Exposure to low-dose bisphenol A during the juvenile period of development disrupts the immune system and aggravates allergic airway inflammation in mice
Authors: Koike Eiko , Yanagisawa Rie , Win-Shwe Tin-Tin , Takano Hirohisa
Published: May 2018

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and found in many consumer products. Previous studies have reported that perinatal exposure to BPA through the oral route promotes the development of allergic airway inflammation. We investigated the effects of exposure to low-dose BPA during the juvenile period of development on allergic airway inflammation. Six-week-old male C3H/HeJ mice were intratracheally administered ovalbumin (OVA, 1 μg) every 2 weeks and/or BPA (0, 0.0625, 1.25, and 25 pmol/animal/week) once per week for 6 weeks. Following the final intratracheal instillation, we examined the cellular profile of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, histological changes and expression of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediators in the lungs, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) production, serum corticosterone levels, and changes in the lymphoid tissues (mediastinal lymph node (MLN) and spleen). Exposure to OVA + BPA enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration and protein expression of Th2 cytokines/chemokines (e.g. interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-33) in the lungs, OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, the numbers of total cells and activated antigen-presenting cells (MHC class II+ CD86+, CD11c+), as well as the production of Th2 cytokines (i.e. IL-4 and IL-5) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α in MLN cells compared to OVA exposure alone. These effects were more prominent with 0.0625 or 1.25 pmol/animal/week of BPA. Furthermore, exposure to OVA + BPA altered serum levels of anti-inflammatory corticosterone, estrogen receptor 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the lungs and spleen functionality. These findings suggest that low-dose BPA exposure may aggravate allergic airway inflammation by enhancing Th2 responses via disruption of the immune system.
Fostering Academic Development and Learning: Implications and Recommendations for Middle School Counselors
Authors: Sink Christopher A.
Published: May 2018

Within the systemic framework of comprehensive school counseling programs, this article explores middle school counselors’ vital role in collaborating with other educators to promote the academic development of early adolescents. Research pertinent to contemporary middle school counseling in this developmental domain is summarized, especially as it may relate to program activities and interventions. Implications and recommendations for best practice are included.
Education-Career Planning and Middle School Counselors
Authors: Trusty Jerry , Niles Spencer G. , Carney JoLynn V.
Published: May 2018

In this article, the authors emphasize a comprehensive and developmental view of education-career planning, with special emphasis on middle schools. Research findings that underscore the need for effective education-career planning are presented, followed by the variables and data that are salient for planning. The article includes a framework for education-career planning systems in middle schools.
Professional School Counselors’ Approaches to Technology
Authors: Carlson Laurie A. , Awe Agahe Portman Tarrell , Bartlett Jan R.
Published: May 2018

Existing literature in the field of school counseling discusses how technology may be used for service delivery; however, the translation of this knowledge to practice among school counselors has been minimally examined. Three hundred eighty-one school counselors in Colorado, Iowa, and New York completed a survey regarding their comfort with and use of technology. Findings indicate that the majority of those surveyed were very comfortable with technology. Implications for school counselors are presented.
The Role of the Rural School Counselor: Counselor, Counselor-in-Training, and Principal Perceptions
Authors: Monteiro-Leitner Julieta , Asner-Self Kimberly K. , Milde Cheryl , Leitner Dennis W. , Skelton Doris
Published: May 2018

The American School Counselor Association developed a comprehensive set of school counseling guidelines to enhance the school counselor's role within schools in the United States. This study looks at counselors’ and principals’ perceptions of the school counselor's role in a Midwestern, regional rural educational environment. Results suggest that the perceptions of school counselors, counselors-in-training, and principals are, for the most part, similar. Differences occur in relation to addressing student (i.e., special education program versus student guidance) and administrative (i.e., clerical, secretarial, disciplinary duties) needs given limited personnel and economic resources. Limitations are discussed and suggestions for future research and advocacy are presented.
Do School Counselors Matter? Mattering as a Moderator between Job Stress and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Rayle Andrea Dixon
Published: May 2018

The relationships of perceived mattering to others, job-related stress, and job satisfaction were examined for 388 elementary, middle, and high school counselors from across the United States. Participants completed the School Counselor Mattering Scale, the School Counselor Job-Stress Assessment, and several job satisfaction questions in order to assess perceptions of mattering to others at their schools and their job-related stress, and how these two constructs relate to school counselors’ overall job satisfaction. Mattering to others at work and job-related stress accounted for 35% of the variance in job satisfaction for the total sample of school counselors; however, mattering did not moderate the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. Results revealed that elementary school counselors experienced the greatest job satisfaction and the lowest levels of job-related stress, and high school counselors experienced the greatest job dissatisfaction and the greatest levels of job-related stress. Implications for school counselors’ mattering and job satisfaction are considered.
How Collaboration and Research Can Affect School Counseling Practices: The Minnesota Story
Authors: Miller G. Dean
Published: May 2018

Collaboration among various professional groups to enhance student learning is a very useful strategy. This article describes how one state, Minnesota, over time (1960–1990), employed collaboration among schools, universities, professional organizations, and the State Department of Education to affect student counseling practices where needed. Efforts were directed to investigate and integrate all components of the school counseling profession by beginning with the possible impact of current practice, then researching various implementation models based on appropriate psychological theories, and finally changing counselor certification and graduate education to close the gap between relevant theory and professional practice. Such efforts have supportive implications for the national standards of the American School Counselor Association.
Multiple Role Balance, Job Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction in Women School Counselors
Authors: Bryant Rhonda M. , Constantine Madonna G.
Published: May 2018

Many prior studies have reported that school counselors are at risk for experiencing mental health difficulties (e.g., professional burnout) as a result of their participation in a wide variety of service-oriented roles. The majority of school counselors are women, which underscores the importance of examining these individuals’ unique work-related and life experiences. As such, this study explored the relationships among multiple role balance, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction in a sample of 133 women school counselors. Findings revealed that multiple role balance and job satisfaction were each positively predictive of overall life satisfaction, even after accounting for the effects of age, years of experience as a school counselor, and location of school environment. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
School-Based Social Justice: The Achieving Success Identity Pathways Program
Authors: Howard Kimberly A.S. , Solberg V. Scott H.
Published: May 2018

It is imperative that school counselors become actively engaged in promoting school success for all students. For youth from low-income and diverse backgrounds, future career opportunities are predicated on achieving educational success. Therefore, school counselors become agents for social justice when creating, implementing, and supporting school-based interventions designed to promote school success, especially culturally relevant interventions that target youth from low-income and diverse backgrounds. This article describes the Ecological Developmental Cognitive Framework designed to inform the development of curricula that improve school success for all youth. The Achieving Success Identity Pathways is described as an example of curricula derived from this framework and a program that incorporates the four main components of the ASCA National Model®.
Recent Innovations in Small-N Designs for Research and Practice in Professional School Counseling
Authors: McDougall Dennis , Smith Douglas
Published: May 2018

This article illustrates an innovative small-N research design that researchers and practitioners can use to investigate questions of interest in professional school counseling. The distributed criterion (DC) design integrates elements of three classic small-N research designs—the changing criterion, reversal, and multiple baseline. The DC design is well suited to situations in which students or school counselors must allocate, prioritize, and adjust time or effort to complete multiple tasks in response to changing situational demands. The article includes practical examples of how the DC design can be used by practitioners.
Collaborative Relationships: School Counselors and Non-School Mental Health Professionals Working Together to Improve the Mental Health Needs of Students
Authors: Brown Chris , Dahlbeck David T. , Sparkman-Barnes Lynette
Published: May 2018

Fifty-three school counselors and administrators employed in middle and high school settings were surveyed regarding their thoughts about school districts working collaboratively with non-school mental health professionals to respond to the mental health needs of students. In addition, the survey sought to understand what school counselors and their hiring principals/vice principals regard as the roles and responsibilities of school counselors and the scope of school counselor training.
Using Comparison Groups in School Counseling Research: A Primer
Authors: Bauman Sheri
Published: May 2018

This article describes comparison group research designs and discusses how such designs can be used in school counseling research to demonstrate the effectiveness of school counselors and school counseling interventions. The article includes a review of internal and external validity constructs as they relate to this approach to research. Examples of relevant research using this design are presented.
Academic Motivation: Concepts, Strategies, and Counseling Approaches
Authors: Rowell Lonnie , Hong Eunsook
Published: May 2018

Motivation is an important foundation of academic development in students. This article discusses academic motivation; its various component concepts in areas such as beliefs, goals, and values; and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. It also presents major, widely studied theoretical perspectives of academic motivation and briefly illustrates strategies for increasing academic motivation. The article addresses the importance of the school counselor's role in student academic development and describes preventive (classroom guidance) and remedial (small-group counseling intervention and individual counseling intervention) approaches that school counselors can utilize for promoting academic motivation.
Comprehensive School Counseling Programs and Student Achievement Outcomes: A Comparative Analysis of RAMP versus Non-RAMP Schools
Authors: Wilkerson Kevin , Pérusse Rachelle , Hughes Ashley
Published: May 2018

This study compares school-wide Annual Yearly Progress (AYP) results in Indiana schools earning the Recognized ASCA Model Program (RAMP) designation (n = 75) with a sample of control schools stratified by level and locale (n = 226). K-12 schools earning the RAMP designation in 2007, 2008, and 2009 comprise the experimental group. Findings indicate that school-wide proficiency rates in English/Language Arts and Math are significantly higher in RAMP-designated elementary schools compared to elementary controls. Four-year longitudinal results indicate a significant positive difference between RAMP-designated elementary schools and their controls in Math. Findings provide support for the impact of comprehensive, data-driven, accountable school counseling programs at the elementary level and suggest further research is needed at the middle and secondary levels. This article presents and discusses additional results and implications for practice.
Perceptions of Emirati Youths on National Service at Initial Implementation Stage
Authors: Lim Hwee Ling
Published: May 2018

In 2014, mandatory national service for male Emiratis was first introduced in United Arab Emirates (UAE). Youths’ perceptions of national service influence their expectations of and subsequent adjustment to service life. This study examined perceptions of male Emirati youths on enlistment propensity and motivation, interest in a military career, and information sources on national service. Eighty male Emiratis from two age groups (high school students, employed youths) were surveyed 4 months post-implementation of the law. It found that younger participants were more negatively propensed toward the service than older participants. Regardless of propensity, benefits, dignity, family, and fidelity were main factors in youth enlistment decision. Most participants were ambivalent toward a military career post-national service. Younger participants’ main information sources were limited to immediate family relations. These findings would contribute to national capability development and could be used by the UAE Armed Forces to adapt its recruitment and advertising strategies.
Meditation-induced neuroplastic changes of the prefrontal network are associated with reduced valence perception in older people
Authors: Chau Bolton K. H. , Keuper Kati , Lo Mandy , So Kwok-Fai , Chan Chetwyn C. H. , Lee Tatia M. C.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Neuroplastic underpinnings of meditation-induced changes in affective processing are largely unclear.

Methods:

We included healthy older participants in an active-controlled experiment. They were involved a meditation training or a control relaxation training of eight weeks. Associations between behavioral and neural morphometric changes induced by the training were examined.

Results:

The meditation group demonstrated a change in valence perception indexed by more neutral valence ratings of positive and negative affective images. These behavioral changes were associated with synchronous structural enlargements in a prefrontal network involving the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the inferior frontal sulcus. In addition, these neuroplastic effects were modulated by the enlargement in the inferior frontal junction. In contrast, these prefrontal enlargements were absent in the active control group, which completed a relaxation training. Supported by a path analysis, we propose a model that describes how meditation may induce a series of prefrontal neuroplastic changes related to valence perception. These brain areas showing meditation-induced structural enlargements are reduced in older people with affective dysregulations.

Conclusion:

We demonstrated that a prefrontal network was enlarged after eight weeks of meditation training. Our findings yield translational insights in the endeavor to promote healthy aging by means of meditation.
Desirability, availability, credit assignment, category learning, and attention: Cognitive-emotional and working memory dynamics of orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices
Authors: Grossberg Stephen
Published: May 2018

Background:

The prefrontal cortices play an essential role in cognitive-emotional and working memory processes through interactions with multiple brain regions.

Methods:

This article further develops a unified neural architecture that explains many recent and classical data about prefrontal function and makes testable predictions.

Results:

Prefrontal properties of desirability, availability, credit assignment, category learning, and feature-based attention are explained. These properties arise through interactions of orbitofrontal, ventrolateral prefrontal, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices with the inferotemporal cortex, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortices; ventral bank of the principal sulcus, ventral prearcuate gyrus, frontal eye fields, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and visual cortical areas V1, V2, V3A, V4, middle temporal cortex, medial superior temporal area, lateral intraparietal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. Model explanations also include how the value of visual objects and events is computed, which objects and events cause desired consequences and which may be ignored as predictively irrelevant, and how to plan and act to realise these consequences, including how to selectively filter expected versus unexpected events, leading to movements towards, and conscious perception of, expected events. Modelled processes include reinforcement learning and incentive motivational learning; object and spatial working memory dynamics; and category learning, including the learning of object categories, value categories, object-value categories, and sequence categories, or list chunks.

Conclusion:

This article hereby proposes a unified neural theory of prefrontal cortex and its functions.
Dexpramipexole as an oral steroid-sparing agent in hypereosinophilic syndromes
Authors: Panch Sandhya R. , Bozik Michael E. , Brown Thomas , Makiya Michelle , Prussin Calman , Archibald Donald G. , Hebrank Gregory T. , Sullivan Mary , Sun Xiaoping , Wetzler Lauren , Ware JeanAnne , Fay Michael P. , Dunbar Cynthia E. , Dworetzky Steven I. , Khoury Paneez , Maric Irina , Klion Amy D.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

GC-sparing treatment alternatives are a critical need for patients with HESs. The orally bioactive drug dexpramipexole demonstrated clinical efficacy with an excellent safety profile in a subset of patients with HESs.
Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion and reestablishment of fetal airways for congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Van der Veeken Lennart , Russo Francesca Maria , De Catte Luc , Gratacos Eduard , Benachi Alexandra , Ville Yves , Nicolaides Kypros , Berg Christoph , Gardener Glenn , Persico Nicola , Bagolan Pietro , Ryan Greg , Belfort Michael A. , Deprest Jan
Published: May 2018

Background

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital anomaly with high mortality and morbidity mainly due to pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. Temporary fetal tracheal occlusion to promote prenatal lung growth may improve survival. Entrapment of lung fluid stretches the airways, leading to lung growth.

Methods

Fetal endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) is performed by percutaneous sono-endoscopic insertion of a balloon developed for interventional radiology. Reversal of the occlusion to induce lung maturation can be performed by fetoscopy, transabdominal puncture, tracheoscopy, or by postnatal removal if all else fails.

Results

FETO and balloon removal have been shown safe in experienced hands. This paper deals with the technical aspects of balloon insertion and removal. While FETO is invasive, it has minimal maternal risks yet can cause preterm birth potentially offsetting its beneficial effects.

Conclusion

For left-sided severe and moderate CDH, the procedure is considered investigational and is currently being evaluated in a global randomized clinical trial (https://www.totaltrial.eu/). The procedure can be clinically offered to fetuses with severe right-sided CDH.
Analysis of Poul Gernes’ painted folding doors at Herlev Hospital
Authors: Hansen Anna Katrine , Christiansen Marie Bitsch , Sanyova Jana , Simonsen Kim Pilkjær
Published: May 2018

An analytical study of the painted folding doors at Herlev Hospital in Denmark has been performed in connection with the creation of new doors. The hospital which construction was completed in 1976 is one of the first polychrome hospitals in the world. The building has achieved international awareness not only as a piece of architecture but also as an artwork being the largest artistic decoration of a public space in Denmark. Besides the decoration of the walls and interior which colour scheme was designed by the Danish artist Poul Gernes, the hospital foyer includes 65 individual paintings and two painted folding doors, which were executed by Poul Gernes. The folding doors are the original doors from 1976 and have never been restored. The paint used for the decoration of the folding doors were analysed by micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results showed, that the variant colours were created by the use of a limited number of pigments and consist of a mixture of inorganic pigments and synthetic organic pigments. The detected pigments were chrome yellow, chrome orange/chrome red, PY3, PR3, PR122, PB15, and PV23. Titanium white (rutile) was found in all paint and preparatory layers, and it was used as both a whitening agent in mixtures with other pigment and a filler material in the paint. The study also shows how the decorations were created and it hence relates to other studies of wall paintings from that period giving useful information for future restoration issues about the possible pigments and binder used.
Palliative Care in the Global Setting: ASCO Resource-Stratified Practice Guideline
Authors: Osman Hibah , Shrestha Sudip , Temin Sarah , Ali Zipporah V. , Corvera Rumalie A. , Ddungu Henry D. , De Lima Liliana , Del Pilar Estevez-Diz Maria , Ferris Frank D. , Gafer Nahla , Gupta Harmala K. , Horton Susan , Jacob Graciela , Jia Ruinuo , Lu Frank L. , Mosoiu Daniela , Puchalski Christina , Seigel Carole , Soyannwo Olaitan , Cleary James F.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this new resource-stratified guideline is to provide expert guidance to clinicians and policymakers on implementing palliative care of patients with cancer and their caregivers in resource-constrained settings and is intended to complement the Integration of Palliative Care Into Standard Oncology Care: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update of 2016.

Methods

ASCO convened a multidisciplinary, multinational panel of experts in medical oncology, family medicine, radiation oncology, hematology/oncology, palliative and/or hospice care, pain and/or symptom management, patient advocacy, public health, and health economics. Guideline development involved a systematic literature review, a modified ADAPTE process, and a formal consensus-based process with the Expert Panel and additional experts (consensus ratings group).

Results

The systematic review included 48 full-text publications regarding palliative care in resource-constrained settings, along with cost-effectiveness analyses; the evidence for many clinical questions was limited. These provided indirect evidence to inform the formal consensus process, which resulted in agreement of ≥ 75% (by consensus ratings group including Expert Panel).

Recommendations

The recommendations help define the models of care, staffing requirements, and roles and training needs of team members in a variety of resource settings for palliative care. Recommendations also outline the standards for provision of psychosocial support, spiritual care, and opioid analgesics, which can be particularly challenging and often overlooked in resource-constrained settings. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/resource-stratified-guidelines . It is the view of ASCO that health care providers and health care system decision makers should be guided by the recommendations for the highest stratum of resources available. The guideline is intended to complement but not replace local guidelines.
The makings of the ‘actin code': regulation of actin's biological function at the amino acid and nucleotide level
Authors: Vedula Pavan , Kashina Anna
Published: May 2018

The actin cytoskeleton plays key roles in every eukaryotic cell and is essential for cell adhesion, migration, mechanosensing, and contractility in muscle and non-muscle tissues. In higher vertebrates, from birds through to mammals, actin is represented by a family of six conserved genes. Although these genes have evolved independently for more than 100 million years, they encode proteins with ≥94% sequence identity, which are differentially expressed in different tissues, and tightly regulated throughout embryogenesis and adulthood. It has been previously suggested that the existence of such similar actin genes is a fail-safe mechanism to preserve the essential function of actin through redundancy. However, knockout studies in mice and other organisms demonstrate that the different actins have distinct biological roles. The mechanisms maintaining this distinction have been debated in the literature for decades. This Review summarizes data on the functional regulation of different actin isoforms, and the mechanisms that lead to their different biological roles in vivo. We focus here on recent studies demonstrating that at least some actin functions are regulated beyond the amino acid level at the level of the actin nucleotide sequence.
The actin cytoskeleton of the mouse sperm flagellum is organized in a helical structure
Authors: Gervasi María G. , Xu Xinran , Carbajal-Gonzalez Blanca , Buffone Mariano G. , Visconti Pablo E. , Krapf Diego
Published: May 2018

Conception in mammals is determined by the fusion of a sperm cell with an oocyte during fertilization. Motility is one of the features of sperm that allows them to succeed in fertilization, and their flagellum is essential for this function. Longitudinally, the flagellum can be divided into the midpiece, the principal piece and the end piece. A precise cytoskeletal architecture of the sperm tail is key for the acquisition of fertilization competence. It has been proposed that the actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in the regulation of sperm motility; however, the actin organization in sperm remains elusive. In the present work, we show that there are different types of actin structures in the sperm tail by using three-dimensional stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). In the principal piece, actin is radially distributed between the axoneme and the plasma membrane. The actin-associated proteins spectrin and adducin are also found in these structures. Strikingly, polymerized actin in the midpiece forms a double-helix that accompanies mitochondria. Our findings illustrate a novel specialized structure of actin filaments in a mammalian cell.
Central nervous shutdown underlies acute cold tolerance in tropical and temperateDrosophilaspecies
Authors: Andersen Mads Kuhlmann , Jensen Nikolaj Johannes Skole , Robertson R. Meldrum , Overgaard Johannes
Published: May 2018

When cooled, insects first lose their ability to perform coordinated movements (CTmin) after which they enter chill coma (chill coma onset, CCO). Both these behaviours are popular measures of cold tolerance that correlate remarkably well with species distribution. To identify and understand the neuromuscular impairment that causes CTmin and CCO we used inter- and intraspecific model systems of Drosophila species that have varying cold tolerance as a consequence of adaptation or cold acclimation. Our results demonstrate that CTmin and CCO correlate strongly with a spreading depolarization (SD) within the central nervous system (CNS). We show that this SD is associated with a rapid increase in extracellular [K+] within the CNS causing neuronal depolarization that silences the CNS. The CNS shutdown is likely caused by a mismatch between passive and active ion transport within the CNS and in a different set of experiments we examine inter- and intraspecific differences in sensitivity to SD events during anoxic exposure. These experiments show that cold adapted or acclimated flies are better able to maintain ionoregulatory balance when active transport is compromised within the CNS. Combined, we demonstrate that a key mechanism underlying chill coma entry of Drosophila is CNS shutdown, and the ability to prevent this CNS shutdown is therefore an important component of acute cold tolerance, thermal adaptation and cold acclimation in insects.
Technical inventory of real estate objects
Authors: Тарбаев Владимир , Tarbaev Vladimir , Шмидт Ирина , Shmidt Irina , Царенко Аксана , Carenko Aksana
Published: May 2018

The textbook presents the objects of technical accounting, the main provisions on technical accounting and inventory of real estate. The questions of organization and conducting of works on technical inventory, the formation of inventory records and documents for the cadastral registration of buildings. The relevance of technical inventory of real estate is due to the fact that is the main element in the accounting system of material well-being of the state.
The textbook is intended for students of higher educational institutions specializing in training 21.03.02 Land management and cadastre, as well as masters and PhD students in the field of: 21.04.02 Land and inventories. Is of interest for academics who study the land and urban inventories, as well as municipal and state officials, cadastral engineers working in the sphere of cadastral relations.
Dynamic Unstructured Bargaining with Private Information: Theory, Experiment, and Outcome Prediction via Machine Learning
Authors: Camerer Colin F. , Nave Gideon , Smith Alec
Published: May 2018

We study dynamic unstructured bargaining with deadlines and one-sided private information about the amount available to share (the “pie size”). Using mechanism design theory, we show that given the players’ incentives, the equilibrium incidence of bargaining failures (“strikes”) should increase with the pie size, and we derive a condition under which strikes are efficient. In our setting, no equilibrium satisfies both equality and efficiency in all pie sizes. We derive two equilibria that resolve the trade-off between equality and efficiency by favoring either equality or efficiency. Using a novel experimental paradigm, we confirm that strike incidence is decreasing in the pie size. Subjects reach equal splits in small pie games (in which strikes are efficient), while most payoffs are close to either the efficient or the equal equilibrium prediction, when the pie is large. We employ a machine learning approach to show that bargaining process features recorded early in the game improve out-of-sample prediction of disagreements at the deadline. The process feature predictions are as accurate as predictions from pie sizes only, and adding process and pie data together improves predictions even more.

Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2965 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.