bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TGF-β1-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells reciprocally regulate Th17/Treg cells by regulating the expression of IFN-γ
Authors: Li Ruixue , Wang Renyong , Zhong Shijie , Asghar Farhan , Li Tiehan , Zhu Lei , Zhu Hong
Published: November 2021

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are two effective immunosuppressive agents for organ transplantation technology. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of TGF-β1-overexpressed MSCs on T cell immunosuppression. To achieve that, BM-MSCs were isolated from canine bone marrow, and their osteogenic differentiation and surface markers were detected. The TGF-β1 gene was transferred into lentivirus and modified MSCs (TGF-β1/MSCs) by lentivirus transfection. Furthermore, TGF-β1/MSCs were co-cultured with T cells to investigate their effect on differentiation and immune regulation. Results showed that TGF-β1/MSCs significantly downregulated the proportion of CD4+ CD8+ T cells in lymphocytes and significantly upregulated the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ T cells. Moreover, TGF-β1/MSCs significantly upregulated the expression of IL-10 in CD4+ T cells and downregulated the expression of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22. Meanwhile, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) neutralizing antibody blocked the effects of TGF-β1/MSCs on the differentiation inhibition of Th17. Overall, our results confirm the strong immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1/MSCs in vitro and demonstrate that IFN-γ mediates the immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β1/MSC.
Baeyer–Villiger co-oxidation of cyclohexanone with Fe–Sn–O catalysts in an O2/benzaldehyde system
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Zhu Qianqian , Guo Xiaoyan , Jin Haibo , He Guangxiang , Ma Lei , Zhang Rongyue , Gu Qingyang , Yang Suohe
Published: November 2021

Baeyer–Villiger (BV) oxidation of cyclohexanone to ε-caprolactone was studied by a co-precipitation method using Fe–Sn–O catalysts in an O2/benzaldehyde system. The effects of the Fe:Sn ratio, calcination temperature, calcination time, and reaction conditions on the catalytic performance were investigated. The catalysts present the best activity when it is prepared at a Fe:Sn ratio of 1:1, calcination temperature of 850°C, and calcination time of 5 h. Under these conditions, catalysts form a large number of small prisms, which result in a larger specific surface area and enhanced catalytic activity. The optimum reaction conditions for the synthesis of ε-caprolactone in the presence of the Fe–Sn–O catalyst are as follows: catalyst (0.12 g), 1,2-dichloroethane (30 mL), O2 flow rate of 25 mL min−1, cyclohexanone to benzophenone of 3:1, reaction temperature of 60°C, and reaction time of 5 h. The conversion of cyclohexanone and the average yield of ε-caprolactone are determined at 98.96% and 83.36%, respectively.
Increased flexibility to improve the catalytic performance of carbon-based solid acid catalysts
Authors: Hu Shuanglan , Huang Junsheng , Huang Dongting , Li Peng , Tang Jingjie , Meng Fei
Published: November 2021

The correlation between catalytic performance and the structure of a carbon-based solid acid (G/F-1/x), an amorphous carbon-bearing SO3H group, was investigated. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to carbonize and sulfonate the mixed graphene and fructose powder for the preparation of carbon-based solid acid catalysts with different cross-linked structures. The results showed that the catalyst with a higher fructose loading amount presented higher catalytic performance. The catalytic performance improvement could be attributed to a high density of SO3H groups and the fast diffusion of reactants and products enabled by a flexible carbon network. The best furfural yield was obtained up to 69.4% when the weight of graphene and the fructose loading ratio was 1:4.
Which Factors Determine the Adoption of the Internet of Things? Impacts and Benefits
Authors: Miruna Sarbu
Published: November 2021

This paper provides first econometric evidence on the determinants of the Internet of Things among firms and on potential performance impacts. The analysis is based on representative firm-level data from 874 German firms. A probit model and an instrumental variable regression serve as econometric approach. The results reveal that especially collaboration platforms and B2B e-commerce increase the propensity to use the Internet of Things. The results further indicate that product innovation is highest for firms jointly using the Internet of Things and collaboration platforms while a reduction of the workforce is also highest in this case. In contrast, there is no evidence for a potential impact on sales development.
The Regional Rootedness of China’s Film Industry: Cluster Development and Attempts at Cross-Location Integration
Authors: Fan Zhizhong , Yu Xi
Published: November 2021

China’s film industry has its historical roots across the four geographical divisions of northern, eastern, western, and southern China. Each of these four film-producing regions has their own characteristics with divergent historical heritages and cultural resources. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) the division of administrative regions included a territorially divided management policy of film enterprises. Such policies promoted the regional development of China’s film industry while simultaneously exacerbated the complex contradictions between and among the clusters produced. In the 1950s, four major state-owned film studios were established in Beijing, Shanghai, and Changchun. Under the planned economy model, films were purchased and sold exclusively by the state through these studios. Since the 1990s, China’s film industry has undergone deep institutional reform, with film distribution and exhibition gradually moving towards the market and private enterprises beginning to actively participate in film production and distribution. The film industry has since begun to actively explore the generative potential of the existing industrial clusters, experimenting with film co-production and cross-regional business operations across the regions. With the goal of constructing a film and television alliance, the film industry has sought to maximize the advantages of different regions to promote the integration of these historically and regionally distinct sectors in an open and tolerant manner, laying the foundation for Chinese films to leapfrog into the global film market.
Antidiarrheal activity of Bridelia ferruginea bark methanolic extract involves modulation ATPases in mice and inhibition of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3) and prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 (EP3) in silico
Authors: Omolaso Blessing Olugbamila , Adesanwo Julius Kolawole , Ishola Ahmed Adebayo , Adegoke Adeoti Gbemisola , Akingbule Francis O. , Ipadeola Yetunde Ayoka , Adewole Kayode Ezekiel
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Diarrhea, an abnormal state in which the individual has about three or more daily bowel movements, is now considered one of the most challenging global public health problems. Using plant products, such as Bridelia ferruginea is an alternative treatment option. The objective of this study was to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of B. ferruginea bark methanolic extract (BfME) and the mechanisms involved.

Methods

BfME antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in mice model of castor oil-induced diarrhea and enteropooling. To evaluate motility, gastrointestinal transit time was carried out using phenol red meal, while intestinal activities of selected ATPases were also evaluated. Furthermore, the active components in BfME were detected by GC-MS analysis, while molecular docking of the most abundant compounds with muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3) and prostaglandin E2 receptor 3 (EP3) were conducted.

Results

BfME at 400 and 800 mg/kg showed antidiarrheal activity by delaying onset of diarrhea, reduced gastrointestinal transit and increased intestinal activities of Na+ K+-ATPase, Ca2+ Mg2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase. Molecular docking revealed that γ-sitosterol, α-amyrin, and stigmasterol have outstanding binding affinity for M3 and EP3.

Conclusions

In view of these results, the observed antidiarrheal activity possibly occurs via the activation of ATPases activities and inhibition of M3 and EP3.
Economic Impacts of Spillover Effects of Terrorism Countermeasures at Public Assembly Sites
Authors: Rose Adam Z. , Wei Dan , Byrd Katie , John Richard
Published: November 2021

In recent years, there have been many high-profile attacks on large, relatively unprotected venues, including entertainment and shopping complexes in the U.S. and around the world. Public and private decision-makers can choose from a wide array of terrorism countermeasures. A question arises as to whether patrons’ complaints about delays, inconvenience and invasion of privacy actually translate into decisions to attend fewer such events. This paper presents the bottom-line economic impacts of terrorism countermeasures on business revenue at three public assembly venues and on their surrounding regional economic activity. These venues include an MLB Stadium, an NBA/NHL Arena, and a Convention Center. The analysis is based primarily on survey responses relating to changes in attendance that stem from public perception of the implementation of four major types of countermeasures. The surveys indicated that the majority of patrons were not affected either way by the presence of the countermeasures, but nearly all of the remainder felt more secure in the presence of the countermeasures to both terrorism and ordinary crime, which resulted in an increased likelihood of attendance. The economic impact estimates yield a small but notable positive impact on business revenues, though this outcome varies significantly across venue types.
Vector optomechanical entanglement
Authors: Li Ying , Jiao Ya-Feng , Liu Jing-Xue , Miranowicz Adam , Zuo Yun-Lan , Kuang Le-Man , Jing Hui
Published: November 2021

The polarizations of optical fields, besides field intensities, provide more degrees of freedom to manipulate coherent light–matter interactions. Here, we propose how to achieve a coherent switch of optomechanical entanglement in a polarized-light-driven cavity system. We show that by tuning the polarizations of the driving field, the effective optomechanical coupling can be well controlled and, as a result, quantum entanglement between the mechanical oscillator and the optical transverse electric mode can be coherently and reversibly switched to that between the same phonon mode and the optical transverse magnetic mode. This ability to switch optomechanical entanglement with such a vectorial device can be important for building a quantum network being capable of efficient quantum information interchanges between processing nodes and flying photons.
Phase conjugation of twisted Gaussian Schell model beams in stimulated down-conversion
Authors: dos Santos Gustavo H. , de Oliveira Andre G. , Rubiano da Silva Nara , Cañas Gustavo , Gómez Esteban S. , Joshi Stuti , Ismail Yaseera , Souto Ribeiro Paulo H. , Walborn Stephen Patrick
Published: November 2021

Stimulated parametric down-conversion is a nonlinear optical process that can be used for phase conjugation and frequency conversion of an optical field. A precise description of the outgoing stimulated field has been developed for the case where the input pump and seed fields are coherent. However, partially coherent beams can have interesting and important characteristics that are absent in coherent beams. One example is the twist phase, a novel optical phase that can appear in partially coherent Gaussian beams and gives rise to a nonzero orbital angular momentum. Here, we consider stimulated down-conversion for partially coherent input fields. As a case study, we use twisted Gaussian Schell-Model beams as the seed and pump beams in stimulated parametric down-conversion. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the stimulated idler beam can be written as a twisted Gaussian Schell-Model beam, where the beam parameters are determined entirely by the seed and pump. When the pump beam is coherent, the twist phase of the idler is the conjugate of that of the seed. These results could be useful for the correction of wavefront distortion such as in atmospheric turbulence in optical communication channels, and synthesis of partially coherent beams.
Crystal structure of (E)-7-hydroxy-2-((6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methylene)-3, 4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C17H15NO3
Authors: Zhang Sheng-Nan , Zhao Feng-Lan , Meng Qing-Guo
Published: November 2021

C17H15NO3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 4.3970(3) Å, b = 13.8942(8) Å, c = 22.0484(14) Å, β = 91.099(6)°, V = 1346.75(15), Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0412, wR
ref (F
2) = 0.1003, T = 150 K.
Setting the Boundaries of Early Neolithic Settlement Sites: The Ditch-Digging Practices in the Eastern Balkans
Authors: Nikolova Nikolina
Published: November 2021

This article presents the current state of research on the Early Neolithic settlement enclosures in the Eastern Balkans (ca. 6200/6000–5500 cal. BC), with a focus set on the ditch-digging practices. A large database was accumulated in the last decade during surface surveys, large-scale excavations, and geomagnetic prospection, demonstrating conclusively that ditch enclosures were indeed a tradition rather than an exception. In the Eastern Balkans, enclosures consist mostly of single or multiple ditches and rarely a combination of ditch and wooden, emplectum, or a stone wall. Moreover, some sites existed long enough that the development of the settlement pattern demanded also changes in the enclosures’ layout and/or design. Most of the settlements were enclosed as early as their initial stages. However, no enclosure features have been identified at the earliest Neolithic sites in the area even though this might reflect biased research strategies.
Exploring the Broad Spectrum: Vegetal Inclusions in Early Neolithic Eastern Balkan Pottery
Authors: Dzhanfezova Tanya
Published: November 2021

Why was “chaff temper” used in pottery production? The possible reasoning behind the practice of intentionally adding organic matter (various plant parts and plant-containing materials) to the clay paste when making pottery is explored by studying four Early Neolithic open settlements. Located in contrasting regions, northwest and southwest Bulgaria, they have contrasting geological settings, altitude, climate, and “pottery styles.” Ceramic fragments containing vegetal remains (charred, semi-charred parts, imprints, and phytoliths) found both on the surface of the vessels and within the body clay are studied in hand specimens, thin-sections and by using scanning electron microscopy. Whether the addition of “organic temper” was an actual functional prerequisite (e.g. caused by technological limitations of the local clays, the vessels’ use, etc.), and how to interpret the variable contents and types of vegetal remains within the clay fabrics, are the main questions discussed within a broader context. The observed variability raises awareness of a series of potential biases when interpreting vegetal remains in Early Neolithic Southeast European pottery. This study not only tackles the interrelation between two major Early Neolithic cycles – ceramic technology and agriculture – but also reveals the potential to examine the synergies between specifically technological, agricultural, and environmental study aspects. It demonstrates the intrinsically intertwined crafts and husbandry activities, technological landscapes, decision-making strategies, and subsistence patterns, all within site-specific environment. It also frames a debate on such inclusions’ strictly technological significance, their role as a cultural factor embodied in social behaviour, or completely accidental presence in the clay fabrics, and a whole spectrum in between.
Spillovers Between Russia’s and Turkey’s Geopolitical Risk During the 2000–2021 Putin Administration
Authors: Economou Emmanouil M. L. , Kyriazis Nikolaos A.
Published: November 2021

This paper sets out to explore the nexus between Russia and Turkey regarding their geopolitical uncertainty measures (GPR) during the Putin Administration era in Russia. The innovative Caldara and Iacoviello indices and the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) methodology are adopted. This study sheds light on the series of geopolitical events that have taken place in Russia and Turkey in recent decades. Empirical outcomes reveal that Turkish geopolitical uncertainty is a weak influencer that increases Russian GPR in the short-term while decreasing it in the medium-term. The reverse effect does not hold. The nexus between geopolitical risk in Turkey and Russia is found to be unstable. Uncertainty in Turkey constitutes both a negative and a positive determinant of geopolitical stability in Russia, depending on the time horizon of the impact. Russia could take advantage of Turkish positive effects in the medium-run. This could be alarming for investors but could also prove beneficial as they should not invest in Russian assets when the country’s geopolitical risk is elevated due to Turkey’s geopolitical instability. Additionally, it is documented that energy financial markets in Russia are not influential on geopolitical uncertainty.
Comparative study between dry and wet properties of thermoplastic PA6/PP novel matrix-based carbon fibre composites
Authors: Sridhar Aparna , Adusumalli Ramesh Babu , Doddipatla Purnima , Venkateshan Karthik Chethan
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study is to develop and investigate the suitability of thermoplastic composites for underwater applications. PA6/PP/PP-g-MA (70 wt%/30 wt%/3 phr) blend is used as a novel matrix to synthesize UDCF composites with balanced strength and toughness even in humid conditions. This novel matrix has around 60% lower water absorption capacity compared to PA6. Short carbon fibres (SCF) and unidirectional carbon fibre fabric (UDCF with 12K rovings) are used as reinforcements. X-ray CT data of injection-molded SCF composites revealed good wetting. However, in the case of compression-molded UDCF composites, a few unwetted zones were found. Comparing dry and wet samples, wet-matrix, wet-SCF composite and wet-UDCF composites had 40, 15, and 25% reduction in their tensile strengths, respectively. However, the impact strength of wet-matrix and wet-UDCF composites increased by 67 and 61%, respectively. Hence, SCF composites having a wet tensile strength of 46 MPa can be used in preparing underwater components due to the low number of interfacial voids. UDCF composites having more interfacial voids are recommended for humid conditions wherein the wet impact strength (11.4 J) and wet tensile strength (266 MPa) are the main criteria.
What do hashtags afford in digital fashion communication? An exploratory study on Gucci-related hashtags on Twitter and Instagram
Authors: Karamalak Olga , Kalbaska Nadzeya , Cantoni Lorenzo
Published: November 2021

Being enmeshed in a digital environment, we daily produce internet-mediated texts – encompassing several different semiotic codes – accessible on a global scale. Posts on different networks usually contain hashtags, which can be understood as affordances or behavior opportunities. These affordances allow specific actions both from the part of the writer and the reader. They can also be “behavior triggers,” which invite certain behavior online (e.g., to like, share, comment) or offline (e.g., to buy items of a specific brand). Digital fashion communication experts should take into consideration these affordances to pursue their goals in the activities related to marketing, promoting, creating engagement and communicating either about a brand or a brand item. While there is general research on reasons to hashtag and on the functions they perform, there is a gap in what hashtags “mean” and “do” in the fashion domain. The objectives of this paper are threefold: 1) to give an overview of the history of hashtags; 2) to present the affordances of hashtags, while creating a general table of affordances from the addresser’s perspective, based on the literature overview; 3) to perform a qualitative analysis of hashtags on Gucci official Twitter and Instagram accounts during a given time span and on other Gucci-related hashtags posted by common users. The choice of the brand is due to Gucci’s focus on active digital communication practices. Results can be valuable for both researchers and industry professionals involved in digital fashion communication.
Risky decision-making following prefrontal D1 receptor manipulation
Authors: Beyer Dominik K. E. , Horn Lisa , Klinker Nadine , Freund Nadja
Published: November 2021

The prefrontal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is involved in cognitive processes. Viral overexpression of this receptor in rats further increases the reward-related behaviors and even its termination induces anhedonia and helplessness. In this study, we investigated the risky decision-making during D1R overexpression and its termination. Rats conducted the rodent version of the Iowa gambling task daily. In addition, the methyl CpG–binding protein-2 (MeCP2), one regulator connecting the dopaminergic system, cognitive processes, and mood-related behavior, was investigated after completion of the behavioral tasks. D1R overexpressing subjects exhibited maladaptive risky decision-making and risky decisions returned to control levels following termination of D1R overexpression; however, after termination, animals earned less reward compared to control subjects. In this phase, MeCP2-positive cells were elevated in the right amygdala. Our results extend the previously reported behavioral changes in the D1R-manipulated animal model to increased risk-taking and revealed differential MeCP2 expression adding further evidence for a bipolar disorder-like phenotype of this model.
UKRAINE, QUO VADIS? AFTERTASTE HOLIDAY
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Mironenko Viktor
Published: November 2021

The fourth and final article prepared in the Centre for Ukrainian Studies of the Institute of Europe of the RAS for the 30th anniversary of Ukraine’s independence cycle, devoted to the way in which the features of transformation of Ukrainian society and the State addressed in previous articles were reflected in the celebrations, discourses and narratives. The opportunity to analyse the country’s path has not been fully exploited. The anniversary events were held, leaving a sense of understatement. This to a certain extent characterizes the situation – internal and external – in which the Ukrainian Republic found itself at the beginning of the fourth decade of its sovereign independent existence. His romantic period is over, and the realistic one has not been started yet. A sense of general uncertainty and political indecision has been left from the events and judgments of the anniversary year. The conclusion proposed by the author of the article is that the time for waiting, declarations and palliatives for Ukraine has passed. It is time for sober judgment and decisive action. Countries face a decisive reboot of the political system and a critical review of the goals, means and pace of modernization and development.
FOREIGN POLICY OF PEDRO SÁNCHEZ: ONE YEAR ON
Authors:   MGIMO University, Anikeeva Natalia
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the foreign policy of Spain, as well as the foreign policy strategy (2021–2024), adopted in early 2021, a year after Pedro Sánchez took office as chairman of the coalition government. The appearance of this document took place against the backdrop of the inauguration of the new US President Joe Biden. P. Sánchez’s government expressed the hope that Spain and the EU will be able to improve relations with the United States in various spheres of activity. The new foreign policy strategy was influenced by the global financial and economic crisis provoked by the development of the coronavirus pandemic. In the summer of 2021, another important event for Spanish foreign policy took place. Jose Manuel Albarez was appointed to the post of Foreign Minister, who replaced Arancha Gonzalez Lai. The author comes to the conclusion that relations with Morocco are traditionally important for the foreign policy of Spain. Latin America will play an important role in the new strategy. The place of Spain in the establishment of a dialogue between the EU and Latin American states was especially marked.
HUNGARY ON THE EVE OF THE ELECTIONS 2022
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Shishelina Lyubov
Published: November 2021

In the article, the author analyzes the «pre-elections» that took place in Hungary in September – October 2021, in other words, the «primaries» of the opposition. Such an attempt of being elected to the Parliament in Central European countries was applied for the first time since the change of the system and its result, judging by the subsequent emotions of the participants, cannot yet be considered unambiguous. There is no such norm in the Constitution of the country, however, instead of creating an electoral coalition, as, for example, in the neighboring Czech Republic, Hungarian opposition politicians decided to go further, in a certain sense, binding themselves to the model of the American electoral system. The essence of the vote, as it was explained by the participants of the event, was not to disperse the opposition forces, but to gather them into one fist in order to defeat the FIDESZ / KDNP coalition that had already won three times subsequently before the spring of 2022. The outcome of first primaries in history of Hungary is interesting by the fact that in the end, the victory was by a politician of a new generation who took part in this event, but did not bind himself to signing program documents, and who only recently created his own political movement. The question of how consistent his former candidates for the post of prime Minister from the opposition will be in the remaining six months is also interesting. One way or another, Hungary’s political system is being tested by a new electoral mechanism, which is designed to consolidate the main political forces of this country. No less interesting in this regard is the line of conduct of the ruling party and Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who did not interfere in the new political process taking place in full view of the whole country.
EEA IN THE BREXIT’ SHADOW
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Babynina Lyudmila
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the Brexit’s impact on the functioning of the European Economic Area (EEA). Brexit renewed interest to EEA format, as one of the options for future relations between the United Kingdom and the EU. But so close cooperation under the control of the Union did not meet the interests of Britain, which chose the greatest distance from EU rules and regulations. For nonEU EEA countries (Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein) Brexit entailed a visible political and economic shake-up. First, the fact of the country’s exit from the EU and the tough position of the British government contributed to the growth of Eurosceptic rhetoric in the non-EU EEA countries. Secondly, in connection with the withdrawal of the UK from all structures of the European Union, these countries had a need to sign new trade and fisheries agreements. These processes were of the greatest impact for Norway, as the most significant player in the EEA, a non-EU member. Analyzing these processes, the author comes to the conclusion that Brexit did not have a significant impact on the functioning of the EEA, but increased interest in various external formats of integration. In addition, the domestic political discourse has become more acute regarding the possible revision of the format of relations with the EU, especially in Norway, which is largely due to national elections,
Composition within and between Languages in the Bilingual Mind: MEG Evidence from Korean/English Bilinguals
Authors: Phillips Sarah F. , Pylkkänen Liina
Published: November 2021

The ability of the human brain to build complex expressions from simpler parts is fascinating, but the ability of the bilingual brain to do so is perhaps even more remarkable. When highly proficient bilinguals converse, they can fluidly switch from one language to another even inside sentences. Thus, they build expressions using words from more than one language. How are bilinguals able to compose words across different languages in real time? While robust evidence has implicated the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) for the composition of words within one language, we do not know how the LATL, or other regions implicated for composition, operates when the language switches. We also do not know whether prefrontal regions associated with language control are recruited for language switching during composition. We addressed these questions with magnetoencephalography measurements in bilinguals who are fluent in two typologically distant languages, English and Korean. We observed early composition effects in the LATL at ∼200 ms that were unaffected by either language or orthography switching, which was also varied (Hangul vs Roman alphabet). Thus, the combinatory mechanism at 200 ms housed in the anterior temporal cortex appears blind to the language in which its input concepts are expressed. However, in later time windows, language and orthography switching interacted both in regions implicated for composition [LATL, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG)] as well as in regions associated with language control (ACC, LIFG). This establishes a starting point for understanding how bilingual brains code switch: words are initially combined without consideration of which language they come from, but language switching affects later processing.
High γ Activity in Cortex and Hippocampus Is Correlated with Autonomic Tone during Sleep
Authors: Alasfour Abdulwahab , Jiang Xi , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge , Gilja Vikash , Halgren Eric
Published: November 2021

Studies in animals have demonstrated a strong relationship between cortical and hippocampal activity, and autonomic tone. However, the extent, distribution, and nature of this relationship have not been investigated with intracranial recordings in humans during sleep. Cortical and hippocampal population neuronal firing was estimated from high γ band activity (HG) from 70 to 110 Hz in local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from 15 subjects (nine females) during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Autonomic tone was estimated from heart rate variability (HRV). HG and HRV were significantly correlated in the hippocampus and multiple cortical sites in NREM stages N1–N3. The average correlation between HG and HRV could be positive or negative across patients given anatomic location and sleep stage and was most profound in lateral temporal lobe in N3, suggestive of greater cortical activity associated with sympathetic tone. Patient-wide correlation was related to δ band activity (1–4 Hz), which is known to be correlated with high γ activity during sleep. The percentage of statistically correlated channels was weaker in N1 and N2 as compared with N3, and was strongest in regions that have previously been associated with autonomic processes, such as anterior hippocampus and insula. The anatomic distribution of HRV-HG correlations during sleep did not reproduce those usually observed with positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during waking. This study aims to characterize the relationship between autonomic tone and neuronal firing rate during sleep and further studies are needed to investigate finer temporal resolutions, denser coverages, and different frequency bands in both waking and sleep.
TRPM4 Contributes to Subthreshold Membrane Potential Oscillations in Multiple Mouse Pacemaker Neurons
Authors: Li Keyong , Shi Yingtang , Gonye Elizabeth C. , Bayliss Douglas A.
Published: November 2021

Select neuronal populations display steady rhythmic neuronal firing that provides tonic excitation to drive downstream networks and behaviors. In noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC), circadian neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and CO2/H+-activated neurons of the brainstem retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), large subthreshold membrane potential oscillations contribute to the pacemaker-like action potential discharge. The oscillations and firing in LC and SCN involve contributions from leak sodium (NALCN) and L-type calcium channels while recent work from RTN suggested an additional pivotal role for a secondary calcium-activated and voltage-gated cationic current sensitive to TRPM4 channel blockers. Here, we tested whether TRPM4 contributes to subthreshold oscillations in mouse LC and SCN. By RNAscopein situhybridization,Trpm4transcripts were detected in both cell groups. In whole-cell recordings from acute slice preparations, prominent voltage-dependent membrane potential oscillations were revealed in LC and SCN after blocking action potentials. These oscillations were inhibited by two chemically-distinct blockers of TRPM4, 9-phenanthrol (9-pt) and 4-chloro-2-[[2-(2-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]amino]benzoic acid (CBA). Under whole-cell voltage clamp, inward currents evoked by oscillation voltage waveforms were inhibited in LC by blocking L-type calcium channels and TRPM4. These data implicate TRPM4 in the large subthreshold membrane potential oscillations that underlie tonic action potential discharge in LC and SCN, providing a voltage-dependent and calcium-dependent cationic current to augment the depolarizing inward Na+and Ca2+currents previously associated with this distinctive electroresponsive property.
Distributed and Localized Dynamics Emerge in the Mouse Neocortex during Reach-to-Grasp Behavior
Authors: Quarta Eros , Scaglione Alessandro , Lucchesi Jessica , Sacconi Leonardo , Allegra Mascaro Anna Letizia , Pavone Francesco Saverio
Published: November 2021

A long-standing question in systems neuroscience is to what extent task-relevant features of neocortical processing are localized or distributed. Coordinated activity across the neocortex has been recently shown to drive complex behavior in the mouse, while activity in selected areas is canonically associated with specific functions (e.g., movements in the case of the motor cortex). Reach-to-grasp (RtG) movements are known to be dependent on motor circuits of the neocortex; however, the global activity of the neocortex during these movements has been largely unexplored in the mouse. Here, we characterized, using wide-field calcium imaging, these neocortex-wide dynamics in mice of either sex engaging in an RtG task. We demonstrate that, beyond motor regions, several areas, such as the visual and the retrosplenial cortices, also increase their activity levels during successful RtGs, and homologous regions across the ipsilateral hemisphere are also involved. Functional connectivity among neocortical areas increases transiently around movement onset and decreases during movement. Despite this global phenomenon, neural activity levels correlate with kinematics measures of successful RtGs in sensorimotor areas only. Our findings establish that distributed and localized neocortical dynamics co-orchestrate efficient control of complex movements.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMammals rely on reaching and grasping movements for fine-scale interactions with the physical world. In the mouse, the motor cortex is critical for the execution of such behavior, yet little is known about the activity patterns across neocortical areas. Using the mesoscale-level networks as a model of cortical processing, we investigated the hypothesis that areas beyond the motor regions could participate in RtG planning and execution, and indeed a large network of areas is involved while performing RtGs. Movement kinematics correlates mostly with neural activity in sensorimotor areas. By demonstrating that distributed and localized neocortical dynamics for the execution of fine movements coexist in the mouse neocortex during RtG, we offer an unprecedented view on the neocortical correlates of mammalian motor control.
De las copulativas identificativas a las construcciones hendidas
Authors: Pérez Saldanya Manuel
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo se analizan los cambios estructurales que se han producido en las construcciones hendidas a lo largo de la historia del español. Se parte de la idea de que estas construcciones presentan inicialmente las características típicas de las oraciones copulativas y que progresivamente se alejan de las copulativas típicas por un proceso de gramaticalización creciente. La aparición del llamado que galicado se sitúa dentro de este proceso de gramaticalización, que también se asocia al aumento de frecuencia del orden de constituyentes más característico de las hendidas (i. e., las hendidas con cópula en posición inicial).
La tradicionalidad discursiva como materia y las tradiciones discursivas como objeto de estudio
Authors: López Serena Araceli
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo plantea la diferencia que supone, en el modo en que se concibe la noción de tradición discursiva (td), aproximarse a ella, bien con una perspectiva en la que las td formen parte de la materia de estudio de una determinada investigación, bien con un enfoque que las erija en objeto de estudio. El artículo enmarca el surgimiento del concepto de td en el interés actual por el estudio de la variación lingüística, atiende a su definición, en sentido amplio, desde el punto de vista de su consideración como materia de estudio, y se pregunta hasta qué punto es posible y/o necesario —y, en tal caso, desde qué punto de vista— diferenciar las td en sentido estrecho, concebidas como objetos de estudio, de categorías como género, registro, estilo y perfil concepcional. A tenor de estas consideraciones, el uso “inflacionario” del término td en los estudios de historia de la lengua española de la última década se explica en relación con su consideración preferente, en ellos, como materia y no como objeto de estudio.
La imilla de Paucartambo, Cusco, y la encarnación del entorno: un caso de travestismo y androginia en los Andes
Authors: Levin Yiftah
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo postula que la imilla de Paucartambo, Cusco, es un personaje travesti y transgénero que constituye una interpretación del tema de género en los Andes. La pregunta es: ¿quién es la imillla y por qué está tradicionalmente encarnada por un varón?  Se argumenta que la participación de la imilla en la actuación del ritual y juego y su simbolismo, es esencial en los Qhapaq Qolla y en la fiesta de la Virgen del Carmen de Paucartambo, como representantes de su entorno cultural. Como personaje liminal, la imilla es única en la fiesta; y constituye un caso único en las representaciones de transgénero y travesti en los Andes, hasta donde conocemos. Finalmente, se argumenta que como personaje transgénero, la imilla encarna la totalidad del concepto de Paucartambo como un núcleo, así como esta narrado por los mitos y performado durante la guerrilla.
Francis Fukuyama. Identidad. La demanda de dignidad y las políticas de resentimiento
Authors: Lagos Flores Roberto
Published: November 2021

Este libro, titulado Identidad. La demanda de dignidad y las políticas de resentimiento, originalmente en idioma inglés (2018) y editado por primera vez en español (2019), presenta un registro de materias que siempre han acompañado a su autor como democracia, inmigración, instituciones políticas, pero esta vez conectados por el hilo conductor del concepto de identidad, acaso el más poderoso motor de la sociedad contemporánea. En efecto, el concepto de identidad es revisado por Fukuyama a lo largo de catorce capítulos desde el punto de vista histórico, cultural, político, institucional, pero especialmente es mirado desde los efectos que representa para la política contemporánea. Dice Fukuyama en varios pasajes del libro que la política de la identidad es el lente a través del cual se miran los problemas sociales y la política a nivel global.
Asentamientos tardíos en el valle del río Luren, cuenca media del Pancoy, Lucanas-Ayacucho
Authors: Sánchez Quispe Kevin Jonatan
Published: November 2021

En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados preliminares de prospecciones arqueológicas realizadas en tres comunidades pertenecientes al distrito de Aucará, Lucanas-Ayacucho: Pampamarca, Mayo Luren y Orccosa. El objetivo principal es caracterizar las ocupaciones prehispánicas a partir de las características arquitectónicas y espaciales de los sitios y, así mismo, aproximarnos a la entidad sociopolítica al cual estarían vinculados durante los Periodos Intermedio Tardío y Horizonte Tardío. Los resultados muestran sitios de carácter habitacional, cementerios y espacios ceremoniales los cuales serían manifestaciones culturales del grupo étnico Lucanas Andamarca, sociedad prehispánica originaria de la región centro sur de Ayacucho.
Hacia un estudio de los antagonismos y las identidades políticas
Authors: Duárez Mendoza Jorge Luis
Published: November 2021

A partir de una crítica al denominado ‘enfoque acotado de la política’ que prioriza al régimen político como objeto de estudio y que ha sido preponderante en la ciencia política peruana durante los últimos años, el presente artículo propone una ruta alternativa en términos teórico-metodológicos para el estudio de los procesos políticos contemporáneos. Reconociendo la autonomía relativa de lo político, proponemos prestar atención al antagonismo y su operación en la constitución de las identidades políticas para el estudio de los procesos políticos. Sostenemos que para el estudio de los antagonismos el análisis de discurso nos brinda un instrumental sumamente útil. El artículo se encuentra organizado en tres apartados. En el primer apartado desarrollamos nuestra crítica al denominado enfoque de la política acotada, evidenciando sus límites heurísticos. En el segundo apartado presentamos los fundamentos conceptuales de nuestra propuesta, planteando una reflexión en torno al antagonismo y la distinción entre la política y lo político desde el enfoque posfundacional. En el tercer apartado profundizamos en los aspectos teórico-metodológicos de nuestra propuesta, basada en el análisis del discurso. Finalizamos nuestro artículo con algunas conclusiones en torno a la importancia del antagonismo para el análisis político, los alcances teórico-metodológicos de nuestra propuesta y los desafíos teóricos que identificamos para futuras investigaciones.
Beak trimming and stocking densities for laying and performance traits and behavioral patterns in Japanese quails
Authors: Paz Aguiar Daniela , Valentim Jean Kaique , D’Ávila Lima Heder José , Marques Bittencourt Tatiana , Zullian Andreoti Lorena , Brito Pereira Isabelli Dias , Del Solar Velarde Jonatan Mikhail , Zanella Joyce
Published: November 2021

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the productive performance, egg quality and behavioral patterns of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with and without beak trimming submitted to two stocking densities. The study was conducted for 84 days. In total, 196 Japanese quails were randomly allocated to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme: submitted or not to beak trimming procedure and low (237.5 cm²/bird) and high stocking density (316.7 cm/bird) and its interaction. Eight replicates per treatment were used, totaling 32 experimental units. Collected data were submitted to analysis of variance and, means of parametric data were compared by Tukey test (p<0.05); otherwise non-parametric analysis of variance were applied for non-parametric data of quail behavior. Lower feed intake was observed in the high stocking density group (p<0.05) but did not affect other parameters (p>0.05). There was no interaction (p>0.05) between beak trimming and stocking density over performance and egg quality. Quails without beak trimming housed in higher density showed more aggressiveness and stress. Egg quality as well as performance parameters of Japanese quails are not affected by applying 316.7 cm2/bird density.
Evolución y desarrollo de las razas de Alpaca
Authors: Bustinza Choque A. Víctor , Machaca Machaca Virgilio , Cano Fuentes Víctor , Quispe Coaquira Jesús
Published: November 2021

Esta revisión parte de la publicación «Definición de razas de alpacas y llamas», de la revista Animal Genetic Resources que ubica a la alpaca en el nivel primario en la evolución de razas de animales domésticos y hace una revisión de la domesticación de la alpaca, el trato recibido durante la conquista y el coloniaje, la inclusión de la fibra de alpaca al mercado textil internacional, el manejo técnico durante la República hasta el presente, primero en las haciendas, luego en las empresas asociativas y actualmente en las medianas propiedades y en instituciones del Estado y las universidades. También se presenta testimonios de manejo con cifras de algunos productores y finalmente los caracteres diferenciales morfológicos y de la estructura de la fibra que caracterizan y definen a las razas Suri y Huacaya.
Suplementación de selenio sobre el rendimiento reproductivo, productivo, concentración tisular y actividad de glutatión peroxidasa en cerdas y lechones
Authors: Quisirumbay-Gaibor Jimmy , Vílchez Perales Carlos
Published: November 2021

Se evaluó el efecto de la suplementación de selenio sobre el rendimiento reproductivo y productivo, concentración tisular y actividad de GSH-Px en cerdas y su progenie mediante un estudio de metaanálisis. Se utilizaron 12 artículos que incluyeron 4698 animales. Bajo el modelo de efectos aleatorios se determinó tamaño de efecto, heterogeneidad, meta-regresiones y sesgo de publicación. Las variables reproductivas no se vieron afectadas por la fuente de selenio. El peso del lechón al nacimiento fue superior (p=0.031) en cerdas que recibieron selenio inorgánico (SeI) 1.47 vs 1.46 kg de la fuente orgánica (SeO). El peso del lechón al destete fue 135 g superior (p=0.105) en las cerdas del grupo SeO. La concentración tisular mostró que SeO incrementa en mayor medida el Se, tanto en la sangre de la cerda (0.209 ppm; p<0.00001), calostro (0.324 ppm; p=0.002) y, leche (0.145 ppm; p<0.00001), así como en tejidos de la progenie como hígado (1.462 ppm; p=0.048) músculo (0.319 ppm; p<0.00001), riñón (1.275 ppm; p=0.004) y sangre (0.18 ppm; p=0.005). Sin embargo, la mayor concentración tisular de Se alcanzado por SeO no fue suficiente para incrementar la actividad de la enzima glutatión peroxidasa (GSH-Px) en suero en cerdas (0.912 U/ml; p=0.119) ni en lechones (0.286 U/ml; p=0.446). El calostro (408.78 U/ml; p=0.048) y leche (239.43 U/ml; p<0.00001) presentaron una mayor actividad enzimática con SeO. La fuente de Se suplementada en la dieta no genera diferencia en el desempeño reproductivo en cerdas. El SeO genera mayor concentración tisular en cerdas y su progenie. La actividad de GSH-Px no presenta diferencias en cerdas ni lechones, no así en calostro y leche.