bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COLOBOMATA OF THE IRIS, CILIARY BODY AND CHOROID IN AN INFANT WITH OESOPHAGO‐TRACHEAL FISTULA AND CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. AN UNKNOWN MALFORMATION COMPLEX
Authors: LILLQUIST K. , WARBURG M. , ANDERSEN S. RY , HÄGERSTRAND I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lillquist, K., Warburg, M., Ry Andersen, S. and Hägerstrand, I. (Paediatric Department, Odense University Hospital, The Copenhagen Eye Clinic for the Mentally Retarded, The Institute of Eye Pathology in Copenhagen and Pathological Institute, Odense University Hospital, Denmark). Colobomata of the iris, ciliary body and choroid in an infant with oesophago‐tracheal fistula and congenital heart defects. An unknown malformation complex. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:417, 1980.—A malformation pattern, not previously reported consisting of microphthalmia, uveal coloboma, oesophago‐tracheal fistula and congenital heart defects is presented. The phaenotypical similarity and difference from previously reported cases are discussed.
LUNG VOLUMES AND PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE AFTER COARCTECTOMY
Authors: HANSON E. , ERIKSSON B. O. , BAKE B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hanson, E., Eriksson, B. O. and Bake, B. (Department of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Paediatrics and Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Lung volumes and pulmonary gas exchange after coarctectomy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:467, 1980.—Ventilatory lung function and pulmonary gas exchange were assessed during rest and exercise up to the maximal level in nineteen males aged 16–28 years, eleven years after surgery for coarctation of the aorta. Compared to the normal Swedish standards, the lung volumes indicated a restrictive impairment of lung function. However, the age range in this series of patients is outside the age range of reference values for both children and adults. When the effect of age on the lung volumes was allowed for they were found to be less restrictive. Pulmonary gas exchange was normal at rest and during maximal exercise. Thus, the aortic malformation and the thoracotomy did not teed to any marked impairment of lung function.
INFANT FEEDING PRACTICES AMONG NURSING PERSONNEL IN MALAYSIA
Authors: SINNIAH D. , CHON F. M. , AROKIASAMY J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Sinniah, D., Chong, F. M. and Arokiasamy, J. (Departments of Paediatrics and Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya and the School of Nursing, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). Infant feeding practices among nursing personnel in Malaysia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:525, 1980. —Concerned by the alarming decline in breast feeding in the urban and rural areas of Malaysia, we conducted a critical review of infant feeding practices among nursing personnel from representative centres using questionnaires. It was found that although 75 % of mothers breast‐fed their babies at birth only 19% did so at 2 months and 5% at 6 months respectively. Chinese mothers initiated breast feeding less frequently compared with Indian or Malay mothers. The prevalence of breast feeding was higher among lower category nurses, lower income groups and those from health centres. Decision for breast feeding was based in most instances on conviction derived from reading, lectures or advice from relatives. The vast majority of mothers listed ‘work’ as the main reason for termination of breast feeding followed by ‘insufficient breast milk’ and satisfactory past experience with bottle feeding. The ramifications of these findings and measures to improve the prevalence and duration of breast feeding are discussed.
VENTILATORY STUDIES IN TWO OLDER INFANTS WITH PROLONGED APNEA
Authors: LAGERCRANTZ H. , BROBERGER U. , MILERAD J. , EULER C. v.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lagercrantz, H., Broberger, U., Milerad, J. and v. Euler, C. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Hospital and the Nobel Institute of Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden). Ventilatory studies in two older infants with prolonged apnea. Acta Paediatr Scand 69:545, 1980.—Two infants, both born before term, were found apneic, cyanotic and limp at home when they were 9 weeks and 2 weeks old, respectively. Their respiration was monitored in the hospital and found to be remarkably periodic during sleep, and was in one case accompanied by pronounced bradycardia. The periodic breathing and apnea seemed to be caused by a decreased oxygen tension which can induce an instability of the central respiratory control mechanisms.
VACCINE‐ASSOCIATED POLIOMYELITIS IN AN INFANT WITH AGAMMAGLO BULINEMIA
Authors: SAKANO T. , KITTAKA E. , TANAKA Y. , YAMAOKA H. , KOBAYASHI Y. , USUI T.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Sakano, T., Kittaka, E., Tanaka, Y., Yamaoka, H., Kobayashi, Y. and Usui, T. (Department of Paediatrics, Hiroshima University Hospital and Hiroshima City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan). Vaccine‐associated poliomyelitis in an infant with agammagiobulinemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:549, 1980.—We describe a female infant with agammaglobulinemia who contracted vaccine‐associated poliomyelitis. Poliovirus type 2 was isolated from the initial stool specimen. In our patient, temporary changes in the cerebrospinal fluid resembled those in patients without immunodeficiencies, although gammaglobulin therapy had not yet been started. Pleocytosis was observed for a short time after viremia, but soon there was a return to normal without antibody production.
AUTOANTIBODIES TO TAMM‐HORSFALL GLYCOPROTEIN IN CHILDREN WITH RENAL DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: FASTH A. , BJURE J. , HELLSTRÖM M. , JACOBSSON B. , JODAL U.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Fasth, A., Bjure, J., Hellström, M., Jacobsson, B. and Jodal, U. (Departments of Pediatrics, Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Clinical Physiology and Pediatric Radiology). Autoantibodies to Tamm‐Horsfall glycoprotein in children with renal damage associated with urinary tract infections. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 709, 1980.—Autoantibodies to the Tamm‐Horsfall (TH) protein were analyzed in sera from 116 patients with pyelonephritis. The increases in antibody levels were limited in 23 patients with radiological detected renal damage during 31 attacks of acute pyelonephritis. 8 children with abnormally low total and/or unilateral 51Cr EDTA clearance had significantly lower IgG antibody levels to TH protein, than 14 children with normal clearance rate. All 61 children with renal damage had significantly low IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels to TH protein 6 months after last infection as compared to the reference group. For IgG antibodies, the mean was well below –2 S.D. 12 children with increased serum creatinine had significantly lower IgG antibody levels than those with normal creatinine. No correlation was found between antibody levels and vesico‐ureteric reflux. In contrast, 55 children with no renal damage still had significantly increased IgG and IgA antibody levels to TH protein 6 months after the infection. The mechanism for the low antibody levels was discussed and it was concluded that patients with urinary tract infection and low IgG antibody levels to TH protein were at risk for renal damage and should be radiologically examined.
SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS OF THE MITRAL VALVE DUE TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS IN AN IMMUNOSUPPRESSED HOST
Authors: BELIK JAQUES , FLINN GEORGE , RIVERA GASTON , SANYAL SHYAMAL K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Belik, J., Flinn, G., Rivera, G. and Sanyal, S. K. (Cardiopulmonary Disease Service, Hematology Service and General Pediatrics Division, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA). Successful management of bacterial endocarditis of the mitral valve due to Staphylococcus epidermidis in an immunosuppressed host. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:731, 1980. — We report the successful management of bacterial endocarditis of the mitral valve, caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, in a 34‐month‐old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia who had been receiving immunosuppressive therapy. M‐mode echocardiography provided early detection of valvular vegetations and documented the evolution of valvular involvement during the course of the illness.
CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS AND SERUM FERRITIN IN LYSINURIC PROTEIN INTOLERANCE
Authors: RAJANTIE J. , SIMELL O. , PERHEENTUPA J. , SLIMES M. A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Rajantie, J., Simell, O., Perheentupa, J. and Siimes, M. A. (The Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland). Changes in peripheral blood cells and serum ferritin in lysinuric protein intolerance. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 741, 1980.— Twenty‐seven patients with lysinuric protein intolerance, an autosomal recessive disorder of diamino acid transport, have been followed at our hospital since 1965. Many of the patients had recurrent mild normochromic anaemia without apparent iron deficiency, and leuko‐ and/or thrombocytopenia. Serum ferritin concentrations were inappropriately high. Serum ferritin concentration appears to be a valuable index of the control of this disease.
RING CHROMOSOME 14 IN A MENTALLY RETARDED GIRL
Authors: ISELIUS L. , RITZÉN M. , BUI T.‐H. , OLSSON K. , EKLÖF O.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Iselius, L., Ritzen, M., Hui, T.‐H., Olsson, K. and Eklöf, O. (Departments of Clinical Genetics, Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Ring chromosome 14 in a mentally retarded girl. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:803, 1980.—A case of ring chromosome 14 in a 12‐year‐old girl, showing mental retardation, epilepsy and minor somatic abnormalities, is described and compared with five previously reported cases with the same chromosome aberration.
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN SWEDISH CHILDREN
Authors: HELIN INGEMAR , WINBERG JAN
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Helin, I. and Winberg, J. (Departments of Paediatrics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, University of Lund, and Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden). Chronic renal failure in Swedish Children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 607, 1980.—In a retrospective study covering the years 1974 to 1977 the prevalence of non‐terminal renal failure in Swedish children on to 15 years of age was registered as 4.50 per million total population. The mean yearly incidence of terminal renal failure during the same period was registered as 0.94 per million total population. Nephronophthisis was the most common single cause of renal failure. No case of coarse renal scarring due to recurrent urinary tract infections was reported. The Swedish study shows a good agreement with an earlier Swiss one concerning the diseases causing chronic renal failure in children. The frequency of chronic renal failure is expected to be essentially unchanged until breakthroughs occur in research on glomerulonephritis.
INCREASED EXCRETION OF A BRAIN DEPRESSOR AMINE IN INFANTILE COELIAC DISEASE AND IN HEALTHY INFANTS ON A HIGH PROTEIN MILK DIET
Authors: LINDBLAD B. S. , RAFTER J. J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lindblad, B. S. and Rafter, J. J. (Department of Paediatrics at St. Göran's Children's Hospital and the Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden). Increased excretion of a brain depressor amine in infantile coeliac disease and in healthy infants on a high protein milk diet. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 643, 1980.—Urinary excretion of piperidine, a heterocyclic pressor amine of gut bacterial origin and nicotine‐like activity in the brain, has been estimated by a gas chromatography method in healthy men and women, in normal breast‐fed and formula‐fed infants and in infants with untreated coeliac disease. The excretion of piperidine cannot usually be detected during the first week of life. The amount present in urine increases upon weaning with higher excretion in formula‐fed than in breast‐fed infants at four to six months of age. When premature infants fed on human milk are weaned, the urinary content of piperidine rises from undetectable amounts to normal for age. The high content present in untreated coeliac disease may be responsible for the initial mental depression commonly seen in this disease and suggests that piperidine is one of the “auto‐intoxicating” substances arising from the bacterial decomposition of protein postulated by Metchnikoff in 1903 but hitherto unidentified.
THE METABOLIC CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN MILK AND FORMULA FEEDING IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: SCHULTZ K. , SOLTÉSZ G. , MESTYÁN J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Schultz, K., Soltész, G. and Mestyán, J. (Department of Paediatrics, University Medical School, Pécs, Hungary). The metabolic consequences of human milk and formula feeding in premature infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 647, 1980.—Twenty premature low‐birthweight infants were divided into two groups and assigned randomly to either a pooled human milk or to a cow's milk based infant formula feeding regimen. The protein intake was 2.0 g/kg/day in the human milk fed group and 4.4 g/kg/day in the formula fed group of infants. The concentrations of different metabolites were estimated at weekly intervals, and plasma amino acid analysis was performed biweekly on blood samples in the two groups of infants during the four‐week study period. Formula milk fed infants had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels and developed azotaemia, hyperaminoacidemia and metabolic acidosis in the early weeks of postnatal life. Blood lactate and plasma free fatty acid concentrations did not change significantly in the two groups during the study. No significant differences were found in the rate of weight gain between the two groups of infants, although formula fed infants regained their birthweight more slowly than human milk fed infants. High protein formula feeding causes potentially unfavorable metabolic and amino acid imbalances in preterm infants in the early postnatal life.
ARTHROPATHY IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE HEMOPHILIA A
Authors: SOREFF J. , BLOMBÄCK M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Soreff, J. and Blombäck, M. (Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Blood Coagulation Disorders, Stockholm, Sweden). Arthropathy in children with severe hemophilia A. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:667, 1980.—Seven children with severe hemophilia A were studied. The radiological findings show that the patients developed joint changes despite our prophylactic treatment, even if no restriction of movement or deformity could be detected by physical examination. In contrast to earlier reports indicating that changes in the knee joints were most common, our findings show that changes in the ankle joints predominate. Such changes developed, even after less than 10 registered joint bleeding episodes. Prophylactic treatment must start early and should aim to eliminate subclinical bleedings also. Increased dosage and shorter intervals between treatments lead to less bleedings. The dosage must be so high and the time interval so short that the F VIII level in plasma is > 0.01 U/ml at the time of the next infusion. Prophylactic treatment must he regular and should be given even if bleeding requiring treatment with a therapeutic dose occurred in the previous day.
WHAT HAPPENS TO CHILDREN WITH RETARDED SPEECH AT 3?
Authors: Klackenberg Gunnar
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Klackenberg, G. (Clinic for the Study of Children's Development and Health, Paediatric Department, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). What happens to children with retarded speech at 3? Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 681, 1980.—212 children recruited at random at birth have been followed annually in a prospective longitudinal study with somatic and psychological data, including verbal communicative ability, rated by a psychologist at 3 years of age. At the age 20 years 175 were still in the study. Intelligence tests at 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17, teacher's assessments in grades 3 and 6, educational level at 20 years of age and sociometric and behavioural assessments show that children with retarded speech at 3 constitute a risk group that requires special attention.
CONGENITAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME DETECTED BY HYPOTHYROID SCREENING
Authors: FINNEGAN J. T. , SLOSBERG E. J. , POSTELLON D. C. , PRIMACK W. A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Finnegan, J., Slosberg, E., Postellon, D. and Primack, W. (Borgess Medical Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA). Congenital nephrotic syndrome detected by hypothyroid screening. Acta Pediatr Scand, 69: 705, 1980.—An infant was evaluated for a low thyroxine value, detected on routine neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. She was found to have the congenital nephrotic syndrome, and to be euthyroid with low thyroid binding globulin. Congenital nephrosis can be detected by neonatal screening programs which use thyroxine as the primary screening test, but not by those which use TSH. This may be important in those countries in which the incidence of congenital nephrosis approaches that of congenital hypothyroidism.
THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON DIABETIC CONTROL AND HEMOGLOBIN A1 (HbA1) IN CHILDREN
Authors: DAHL‐JØRGENSEN K. , MEEN H. D. , HANSSEN Kr. F. , AAGENÆS Ø.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Dahl‐Jørgensen, K., Meen, H. D., Hanssen, Kr. F. and Aagem, O. (Department of Paediatrics and Department of Internal Medicine, Aker Hospital and the Norwegian College of Physical Education and Sports, Oslo, Norway). Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 283: 53, 1980.—14 children with juvenile diabetes mellitus (mean age 11 years, mean diabetes duration 5 years) were enrolled in a one‐hour twice weekly supervised exercise program for 5 months. A group of 8 diabetic children of same age and diabetic duration served as control group. Maximum oxygen uptake was within normal range for all children. With this exercise program the maximum oxygen uptake of the training group did not change significantly compared with the control group. The physicians rating of degree of the metabolic control based on blood‐glucose measurements and urinary glucose excretion did not change in any of the groups. The insulin dosage per kilo body weight remained unchanged in both groups. In the training group the HbA, values decreased during the exercise period from 15.1±2.2 (mean HbA1%±1 S.D.) to 13.8±1.9 (2p<0.001). In the control group the HbA1 values did not change significantly (13.4± 1.9 to 12.9± 1.6; 2p=0.20). In a co‐study the effect of freezing and storage of hemolysates, resulting in increased levels of HbA1, was demonstrated.
CARDIOVASCULAR, HORMONAL AND METABOLIC RESPONSES TO GRADED EXERCISE IN JUVENILE DIABETICS WITH AND WITHOUT AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: HILSTED J. , GALBO H. , CHRISTENSEN N. J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hilsted, J., Galbo, H. and Christensen, N. J. (Institute of Medical Physiology B, University of Copenhagen, Hvidøre Hospital and Medical Department F, Herlev Hospital, Denmark). Cardiovascular, hormonal and metabolic responses to graded exercise in juvenile diabetics with and without autonomic neuropathy. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 283: 95, 1980.—Thirteen juvenile diabetics were studied in order to determine if decreased beat‐to‐beat variation during deep respiration, indicating abnormal autonomic nerve function, imply that cardiovascular, hormonal and metabolic responses are impaired. Patients with decreased beat‐to‐beat variation had to be more heavily stressed during exercise to reach a certain heart rate or catecholamine level. The relation between other metabolic and hormonal response is discussed.
THYROXINE‐BINDING GLOBULIN DEFICIENCY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
Authors: JACOBSEN B. BROCK , HANSTED L. C. , BRANDT N. J. , HAAHR J. , HUMMER L. , MUNKNER T. , SØRENSEN S. SØLVSTEN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Jacobsen, B. B., Hansted, L. C, Brandt, N. J., Haahr, J., Hummer, L., Munkner, T. and Sorensen, S. S. (Department of Paediatrics, Viborg Hospital, Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, Department of Paediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Thyroxine‐binding globulin deficiency in early childhood. Postnatal changes in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone‐binding proteins. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:155, 1981. –Serial determinations of serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin(TSH), thyroid hormone‐binding globulin (TBG), prealbumin (TBPA) and albumin were performed in a euthyroid girl with TBG deficiency and in her mother for a period of 22 months after delivery. At 8 days old the child had a serum TBG concentration around 50% of normal level which remained essentially unchanged during infancy. Total serum T4 and T3 concentrations were low, the free serum T4, free serum T3 and serum TSH concentrations were normal. The mother had received thyroid hormone from the age of 15 years. Her serum TBG level at 6 weeks post partum was similar to that of non‐pregnant adults but decreased to about 50% of normal level, indicating a TBG deficiency. She remained euthyroid after withdrawal of T4 therapy. Serum TBPA and albumin concentrations were normal in mother and child. An X‐linked inheritance of the TBG deficiency was suggested from a study of the family.
MILK AND MINERAL INTAKES OF BREASTFED INFANTS
Authors: PICCIANO M. F. , CALKINS E. J. , GARRICK J. R. , DEERING R. H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Picciano, M. F., Calkins, E. J., Garrick, J. R. and Dcering, R. H. Foods and Nutrition Department, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois and Christie Clinic, Champaign, Illinois). Milk and mineral intakes of breastfed infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:189, 1981.–Milk and mineral intakes of twenty‐six full term infants receiving human milk as their sole milk source were determined by “test weighing” and direct analyses of milk samples at months 1, 2 and 3 of lactation. Data indicate that volume of milk ingested ranged from 295 to 996 ml/day and mean intakes (606, 601, 626 ml/day at months 1, 2 and 3, respectively) are less than the often quoted 850 ml/day. Taking into account Swedish and Scottish data and that from the present investigation, it appears that typical human milk intakes are 500 to 800 ml/day. No relationship was observed between volume of intake and growth of infants. Ranges of intake for copper, iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chloride are comparable to values reported for these mineral intakes by both early and modern investigators even though different data collection techniques and analytical methods were employed.
METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE RESPONSES TO A MILK FEED IN SIX‐DAY‐OLD TERM INFANTS: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BREAST AND COW'S MILK FORMULA FEEDING
Authors: LUCAS A. , BOYES S. , BLOOM S. R. , AYNSLEY‐GREEN A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Lucas, A., Boyes, S., Aynsley‐Green, A. (Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford) and Bloom, S. R. (Hammersmith Hospital, London, England). Metabolic and endocrine responses to a milk feed in six‐day‐old term infants: JMfferences between breast and cow's milk formula feeding. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:195, 1981. – There is little information on the metabolic and endocrine responses to milk feeding in the neonatal period particularly in relation to the mode of nutrition and composition of the milk. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) together with blood levels of glucose, ketone bodies, pyruvate, lactate and glycerol were measured pre‐ and post‐prandially in 79 healthy six‐day‐old term infants who had been either breast fed or fed on a modified cow's milk formula (Cow and Gate Premium) from birth. Formula fed infants had a greater insulin and GIP response to feeding and their basal and postprandial blood ketones were considerably lower than in breast fed infants. In addition a significantly greater post feed rise in both lactate and pyruvate concentrations was observed with formula feeding. These results may have significant implications regarding infant feeding and postnatal metabolism.
PROLONGED INTERMITTENT POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION BY NASAL PRONGS IN INTRACTABLE APNEA OF PREMATURITY
Authors: MORETTI C. , MARZETTI G. , AGOSTINO R. , PANERO A. , PICECE‐BUCCI S. , MENDICINI M. , COLARIZI P. , BUCCI G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Moretti, C, Marzetti, G., Agostino, R., Panero, A., Picece‐Bucci, S., Mendicini, M., Colarizi, P. and Bucci, G. (Institute of Pediatrics, Neonatal Division, University of Rome Medical School, Rome, Italy). Prolonged intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) by nasal prongs in intractable apnea of prematurity. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:211, 1981. –In order to avoid endotracheal intubation in very small newborn infants requiring prolonged intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), a method was developed allowing delivery of IPPV by means of nasal prongs (nasal IPPV). A series of 10 newborn infants weighing 1200 g or less, and requiring nasal IPPV for 5 to 14 days because of intractable apnea has been reported. Five infants survived. With the exeption of hearing defects in two survivors, no lesions possibly due to the ventilation procedure were observed. Follow‐up examination showed severe mental and motor handicap in one infant, and apparently normal mental and motor development in 3 infants examined at the age of 12–27 months. It is suggested that nasal IPPV is an effective and safe method for prolonged ventilation of very small newborn infants with normal or not severely affected lungs, whereas it appears of very limited use in patients with stiff lungs, such as in severe HMD.
PREDICTION OF THE SEVERITY OF ABO HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN BY CORD BLOOD TESTS
Authors: WHYTE J. , GRAHAM H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Whyte, J. and Graham, H. (Bellshill Maternity Hospital, Bellshill, Lanarkshire, Scotland). Prediction of the severity of ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn by cord blood tests. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:217, 1981. –Seventy‐one ABO incompatible (heterospecific) infants and 71 controls, who were free from other potential causes of jaundice, were studied to ascertain which cord blood tests reliably predict the severity of ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO HDN). The modified Direct Antiglobulin Test (spin DAGT) was positive in all infants who required treatment for haemolytic jaundice and only DAGT positive children showed evidence of impending haemolytic anaemia or compensated haemolysis in cord or capillary blood. Cord serum bilirubin concentration had some predictive value, particularly when the level exceeded 85 µmol/l, but it was a less reliable indicator and had greater value if used in association with the DAGT. The elution test, which is frequently used as a diagnostic tool in ABO HDN, had no predictive value and we felt that its putative value is due to overdiagnosis of ABO HDN in jaundiced heterospecific infants. We conclude that the spin DAGT, despite the weakness of the reaction, reliably identifies infants at risk from severe ABO HDN and is sufficiently sensitive to be used as a single screening test for the early detection of the disorder.
THE EFFECT OF A VIRTUALLY CHOLESTEROL‐FREE, HIGH‐LINOLEIC‐ACID VEGETARIAN DIET ON SERUM LIPOPROTEINS OF CHILDREN WITH FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA (TYPE II‐A)
Authors: FERNANDES J. , DIJKHUIS‐STOFFELSMA R. , GROOT P. H. E. , GROSE W. F. A. , AMBAGTSHEER J. J.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Fernandes, J., Dijkhuis‐Stoffelsma, R., Groot, P. H. E., Grose, W. F. A. and Ambagtsheer, J. J. (Departments of Paediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Sophia Children's Hospital, and the Department of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands). The effect of a virtually cholesterol‐free, high‐linoleic‐acid vegetarian diet on serum lipoproteins of children with familial hypercholesterolemia (type II‐A). Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:677,.–The effect of a virtually cholesterol‐free, high‐linoleic‐acid vegetarian diet and a high‐linoleic‐acid “normal” diet with a moderate cholesterol content was tested in 39 children heterozygote for hypercholesterolemia type II‐A. The diets were administered in an outpatient cross‐over design of two periods of 10 weeks each and the serum lipoproteins were analyzed at the end of the two 10‐week periods. The vegetarian diet induced a decrease in serum concentrations of LDL‐II total and free cholesterol and of apo‐B, by an average of 10 %, whereas HDL cholesterol and apo‐A‐I decreased by 4 %. The disproportionately large change in LDL compared to the small change in HDL was interpreted as an antiatherogenic effect of the vegetarian diet.
SYNTHESIS OF TWO COMPONENTS OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT, β1 H AND C3bINA, DURING FETAL LIFE
Authors: ADINOLFI M. , DOBSON N. C. , BRADWELL A. R.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Adinolfi, M., Dobson, N. C. and Bradwell, A. R. (Paediatric Research Unit, The Prince Philip Research Laboratories, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London, and Immuno Diagnostic Research Laboratory, Department of Immunology, The Medical School, Birmingham, UK). Synthesis of two components of human complement, β1H and C3bINA, during fetal life. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:705,.–The levels of β1H and C3MNA were estimated in sera from human fetuses, cord and maternal samples. Both components of complement were detected in fetuses more than 12 weeks old. The serum concentrations tended to increase with the gestational age. The mean levels of β1H and C3bINA in cord sera were near 54 and 61 % of the mean values in sera from normal adults. Elevated levels of β1H were observed in maternal sera at the end of the gestational period. When the levels of β1H and C3bINA were compared with those of two other components of complement, it was confirmed that the mean levels of C9 were low in fetal and newborn sera, while the serum concentrations of both C9 and Factor B were elevated in maternal samples. Newly synthesised β1H was detected in the culture fluids of fetal liver and peritoneal cells, as judged by the incorporation of labelled aminoaeids and the autoradiography of the specific immunoprecipi‐tates in agar gel.
CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: THE DESCENDING THORACIC AORTA AND THE LEFT ATRIAL POSTERIOR WALL IN NEONATES
Authors: RYSSING E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ryssing, E. (The Neonatal Department and Department of Pediatrics G, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark). Contrast echocardiography: The descending thoracic aorta and the left atrial posterior wall in neonates. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:735,.–Contrast echocardiographic studies were performed in two neonates. Glucose injections through umbilical arterial catheters demonstrate that the descending thoracic aorta is in close contact with the left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) and with the atrioventricular junction. The recognition of this particular part of LAPW is extremely important since it shows that the ultrasound beam is not in the standard direction. Probably the left atrium cannot so easily expand in that direction. Consequently, the left atrial dimension should not be measured here for the purpose of controlling variations in left atrium dilatation.
ELEVATED ERYTHROCYTE ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTIVITY IN DOWN'S SYNDROME
Authors: PUUKKA RAIJA , PUUKKA M. , LINNA SIRKKA‐LIISA , JOENSUU T. , KOUVALAINEN K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Puukka, R., Puukka, M., Linna, S‐L., Joensuu, T. and Kouvalainen, K. (Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland). Elevated erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity in Down's syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:739,.–Erythrocyte ADA activity was measured in 29 cases of Down's syndrome and in 29 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. The mean activity (± S.D.) of ADA in Down's syndrome was 1 883±463 mU/g Hb (37°C) and 1 361 ±294 mll/g Hb in the controls. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The purine metabolism of Down's syndrome patients is discussed.
DIAGNOSTIC AIDS FOR BENIGN TUMOURS OF THE LIVER IN CHILDREN
Authors: HOLMIN T. , KULLENDORFF C. M.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Holmin, T. and Kullendorff, C. M. (Departments of Surgery and Paediatric Surgery, University of Lund, Sweden). Diagnostic aids for benign tumours of the liver in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:755,.–Primary benign tumour of the liver in 2 children was successfully extirpated. The tumours had appeared as a palpable abdominal mass. Laboratory examinations, pulmonary X‐ray and urography were in the main normal. Abdominal plain films revealed an expansive process. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography showed in one of the cases a left‐sided homogeneous tumour of the liver. These non‐invasive methods of investigation are easy to perform in children and give ample information. Angiography appears to be no longer necessary in the preoperative investigation. The treatment of localized benign tumours is mainly surgical. With the exception of hemangioma, the prognosis in cases of benign hepatic tumour is good.
TRANSITORY CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM AND MATERNAL THYROIDITIS
Authors: RITZÉN E. M. , MAHLER H. , ALVERYD A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ritzén, E. M., Mahler, H. and Alveryd. A. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm and Department of Surgery, Huddinge Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden). Transitory congenital hypothyroidism and maternal thyroiditis. Acta Paediatr Scand 70:765,.–The case histories of two sisters with congenital hypothyroidism are described. Their mother had had high titers of circulating thyroid antibodies during each pregnancy. In the older sister, antibodies were detected at 4 weeks but not a 6 months of age. This girl showed a partial hypothyroidism, that required replacement therapy. However, in the younger sister, the hypothyroidism was reversible and replacement therapy was discontinued after 2 years.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE, NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISORDERS: A Prospective Study1
Authors: HJALMARSON O.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hjalmarson O. (Department of Pediatrics, University of Göteborg, Sweden). Epidemiology and classification of acute, neonatal respiratory disorders. A prospective study. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 773, 1981. In a prospective study a population of 32281 newborn infants in swenen was screened for signs of respiratory disease. All affected infants (2.9 %) were investigated systematically and classified. Incidence and case fatality rates were calculated and related to gestational age, birth weight, sex and postnatal asphyxia, all of which strongly influenced one or both rates. The diagnostic system used was found suitable for future epidemiological research.
A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF ANORECTAL ELECTROMYOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE
Authors: SHARMA LALIT K. , MARYA R. K. , CHANDRAN A. P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Sharma, L., Marya, R. K. and Chandran, A. P. (Paediatric Surgery Unit and Department of Physiology, Medical College Hospital, Rohtak, India). A clinical evaluation of anorectal electromyography in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Acta Paediatr Scand 7: 865, 1981.‐This is a study of the relative accuracy of anorectal electromyography in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. The electromyographic diagnosis was substantiated by positive histologic findings in 22 of 25 patients examined. There was no false positive electromyographic pattern in 20 control cases.
MEASUREMENT OF HYPOTHETICAL BURNOUT IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS CAREGIVERS
Authors: LEWISTON NORMAN J , CONLEY JUDY , BLESSING‐MOORE JOANN
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lewiston, N., Conley, J. and Blessing‐Moore, J. (Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, California) Measurement of hypothetical burnout in cystic fibrosis caregivers. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 935, 1981.‐Three hypothetical phases of staff burnout were measured in a population of cystic fibrosis caregivers and a control population from other areas of specialty pediatrics. The cystic fibrosis caregivers displayed a higher level of emotional exhaustion, lower level of patient depersonalization, and an equal sense of personal accomplishment from the job compared to the controls. We conclude that hypothetical staff burnout can be measured and postulate that these values can be used to quantitate the outcome of anti‐burnout programs.
PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST FEBRILE CONVULSIONS WITH PHENOBARBITAL
Authors: PILGAARD S. , HANSEN F. J. , PÆGAARD P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Pilgaard, S., Hansen, F. J. and Paerregaard, P. (Department of Paediatrics, Sundby Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Prophylaxis against febrile convulsions with phenobarbital. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:67, 1981. An unselected patient material of 182 children admitted consecutively with febrile convulsions during a period of two years was classified into five risk‐groups. Continuous phenobarbital therapy for two years was recommended for 113 children (Groups I‐IV). These children were followed‐up as outpatients for at least one year after admission. In children receiving phenobarbital therapy, serum concentrations were controlled every third month. A total of 59 children completed the treatment according to the directives given and seven of these (12%) developed renewed febrile convulsions despite serum phenobarbital concentrations within the therapeutic range (70–120 µmol/l). No particular characteristics for these children could be established on the basis of the parameters registered. The therapeutic model established was found to be suitable for distinguishing between children with massive risk for renewed convulsions (Groups I‐IV) compared with children for whom treatment was not recommended (Group V).
THE EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH RADIATION‐INDUCED GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY
Authors: SHALET S. M. , WHITEHEAD E. , CHAPMAN A. J. , BEARDWELL C. G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Shalet, S. M., Whitehead, E., Chapman, A. J. and Beard well, C. G. (Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, England). The effects of growth hormone therapy in children with radiation‐induced growth hormone deficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:81, 1981.–The effects of growth hormone (GH) therapy were studied in 6 children, previously treated for brain tumours which did not directly involve the hypo‐thalamic‐pituitary axis, and who had received cranial irradiation between 2.1 and 10 years earlier. All 6 were short with a standing height standard deviation score (SDS) from ‐1.7 to ‐3.3. Impaired growth hormone responses to an insulin tolerance test (ITT) were observed in all 6 and to a Bovril stimulation test in 5 children. The remainder of pituitary function was essentially normal. All 6 were prepubertal and 5 had a retarded bone age. During the pre‐treatment year the 6 children's grow lb rates varied from 2.0 to 5.1 cm. Subsequently all received human GH in a dose of 5 units 3 times weekly for 1 year. The growth rate in each was at least 2 cm greater during the treatment year than the pre‐treatment year. Growth during the treatment year ranged from 6.0 to 10.1 cm. In 5 of the 6 the improvement in growth rate could be totally ascribed to the GH therapy. In the sixth there was significant pubertal maturation during the treatment year and only in this subject did the bone age advance at a significantly greater rate than the chronological age.
OCCURRENCE OF OLIGOCLONAL GAMMAGLOBULIN IN THE CSF OF CHILDREN WITH PROLONGED and CHRONIC CNS‐INFECTIONS
Authors: SIEMES H. , SIEGERT M. , HANEFELD F.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Siemes, H., Siegert, M. and Hanefeld, F. (Department of Paediatrics, Free University of Berlin, F.R.G.). Occurrence of oligoclonal gammaglobulin in the CSF of children with prolonged and chronic CNS‐infections. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 91, 1981.–CSF‐proteins of 1770 children and adolescents with different neurological diseases and of 75 controls were examined by zone electrophoresis in agarose gel electrophoresis and by immuno‐fixation electrophoresis. The quantitative evaluation of the phoretograms by an analog computer revealed oligoclonal changes of the gamma‐globulin profile in 53 patients with subacute or chronic CNS‐infections and in 5 children with a medulloblastoma. Seventeen of 37 children with congenital infections had 1–5 oligoclonal gamma‐fractions consisting of IgG. Five to seven oligoclonal IgG fractions were detected in each of 16 children with SSPE. All 6 adolescents with multiple sclerosis had 2–5 oligoclonal IgG fractions. One to five oligoclonal gamma‐bands occurred transiently in the CSF of 4 children with prolonged meningoencephalitis caused by different viruses, in 3 children with a prolonged non‐bacterial meningitis of probable viral origin, in 2 infants with prolonged bacterial meningitis after corticosteroid therapy, and in 1 child with prolonged bacterial meningitis during cytostatic therapy. Four to six oligoclonal gamma‐subfractions were found at different times during progressive viral encephalitis that developed during maintenance therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and in 2 patients with chronic meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. Since oligoclonal gamma‐globulin was detected almost invariably in the CSF of patients with prolonged or chronic neurologic infections, this finding implies persistence of antigens in the CNS and pathologic invasion of lymphocytes with selective proliferation of antigen‐stimulated clones.
A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF ROTAVIRUS DIARRHOEA IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: MAKI MARKKU
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Mäki, M. (Department of Paediatrics, Tampere Central Hospital, Tampere, Finland). A prospective clinical study of rotavirus diarrhoea in young children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:107, 1981.–The clinical and laboratory features of 96 children aged 6 to 36 months with acute rotavirus diarrhoea were compared to findings on 63 children of the same age with acute non‐rotavirus diarrhoea. Of the rotavirus‐associated cases 80% occurred between January and June. In general, the diarrhoea was more severe in these patients than in the others, but no difference was seen in duration of symptoms. Clinical features characteristic of rotavirus‐associated cases included: dehydration and acidosis upon admission, vomiting, fever, neutropenia and sugar in the stools (Clinitesf® 0.5 %). In contrast, no difference was seen in the occurrence of respiratory symptoms (53 % in the rotavirus, 62% in the non‐rotavirus group), or in the presence of mucus strands, occult blood or leucocytes in stools. A combination of the above criteria may be helpful in the presumptive diagnosis of rotavirus diarrhoea.
CLINDAMYCIN ASSOCIATED PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
Authors: BEESLEY J. , EASTHAM E. J. , JACKSON R. H. , NELSON R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Beesley, J., Eastham, E. J., Jackson, R. H. and Nelson, R. (Department of Child Health, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, England). Clindamycin associated pseudomembranous colitis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:129, 1981.–Pseudomembranous colitis is rare in children. We describe a case associated with clindamycin in which Clostridium difficile and its enterotoxin were isolated from the stool. Treatment with oral vancomycin brought about a prompt and complete recovery.
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY γ‐TOCOPHEROL ON SERUM TOCOPHEROLS IN FORMULA‐FED INFANTS
Authors: JANSSON L. , HOLMBERG L. , JAKOBSSON I.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Jansson, L., Holmberg, L. and Jakobsson, I. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). The effect of dietary γ‐tocopherol on serum tocopherols in formula‐fed infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:297, 1981.–The levels of α‐, β‐ and γ‐tocopherol were determined in two formulas (Nutramigen± and Soja‐semp±) and in 20 infants fed either of these formulas. The y‐tocopherol concentration in Nutramigen was 22.8±1.9 µmol/l; and that in Soja‐semp 3.7±0.5 µmol/l. This difference was reflected in the serum tocopherols of the infants, since in the 10 infants fed Nutramigen, γ‐tocopherol accounted for 16.7 ± 7.9% of the total tocopherols compared to 4.2±1.8% in the 10 infants fed Soja‐semp. The study shows that γ‐tocopherol accumulates in the serum of infants fed large amounts of it. The serum γ‐tocopherol level should therefore be taken into account, when estimating the vitamin E status in humans, especially when the intake of γ‐tocopherol is high.
PERSONALITY CHANGES AND SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT DURING THE FIRST THREE YEARS OF DIABETES IN CHILDREN
Authors: AHNSJö S. , HUMBLE K. , LARSSON Y. , SETTERGREN‐CARLSSON G. , STERKY G.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ahnsjö, S., Humble, K., Larsson, Y., Settergren‐Carlsson, G. (†) and Sterky, G. (Departments of Paediatrics and Child and Youth Psychiatry, the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, the Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Linköpin, and the Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm, Sweden). Personality changes and social adjustment during the first three years of diabetes in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:321, 1981.–Two groups of 64 diabetic and 30 carefully selected and matched non‐diabetic control children 4–17 years old were studied with regard to psychological and social adaptation. Four sets of psycho‐social methods were used: (a) psychiatric assessment of the mental state, (b) evaluation of the social situation, (c) measurement of the intellectual capacity, and (d) a Rorschach test. A base‐line study was done within 5 months after the onset of diabetes and a follow‐up 3 years later with the same methods. The mental state was assessed with regard to 18 variables, and the Rorschach test utilized 12 variables. There were no significance differences as to mental state between diabetics and non‐diabetics neither at base‐line nor at follow‐up. Within each group, however, the diabetics showed an increase with regard to symptoms of aggression while the non‐diabetics showed a decrease in such symptoms. Diabetics with high or low glucosuria levels did not differ in this respect. When summarizing mental deviations from average in the two groups the diabetics showed more deviations both at base‐line and at follow‐up, and a tendency towards higher degrees of mental activity, emotional ability and social contact. In the Rorschach test the diabetics showed a higher level of anxiety concerning their own health than the non‐diabetics, but there was a decrease in this variable over the 3‐year period. However, in an attempt to summarize the degree of mental disturbance, as estimated in the Rorschach test, no significant differences were found between diabetics and non‐diabetics. Nor were any significant differences found between the groups with regard to social problems or intellectual capacity. It is concluded that the few abnormal patterns of raction that were observed may well be explained by the traumatic experience of the onset of a serious chronic disorder such as diabetes, and that a relatively strict care given to diabetic children does not seem to disturb their own or their parents' coping ability or psycho‐social adjustment. The strictness might even have a supportive effect.
ACTH IN NORMAL CHILDREN AND CHILDREN WITH PITUITARY AND ADRENAL DISEASES. I: Measurement in Plasma by Radioimmunoassay–Basal Values
Authors: PETERSEN KNUD E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Petersen, K. E. (The Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, University of Copenhagen). ACTH in normal children and children with pituitary and adrenal diseases. I. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:341, 1981.–Plasma ACTH was measured by radioimmunoassay including preliminary extraction onto adsorbent glass particles. Normal basal values for children 4–16 years of age were 11–82 pg/ml, corresponding to values found in the literature. Normal values were found in girls with precocious puberty, children with McCune‐Albright and Beckwith‐Wiedemann's syndromes. Values between 233 and 305 pg/ml were found in untreated children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In primary Addison's disease, very high levels (654–1 413 pg/ml) before cortisone therapy and their decline to nearly normal values during therapy are described. ACTH values in a case of pituitary Cushing's syndrome was just above the normal range (104–163 pg/ml).