bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening adaptation in coastal Bangladesh: community-based approaches for sustainable agriculture and water management
Authors: Shapna Khusnur Jahan , Li Jianfeng , Kabir Md Humayain , Salam Mohammed Abdus , Khandker Saifullah , Hossain Md Lokman
Published: May 2024

The coastal region of Bangladesh is significantly influenced by soil and water salinity, which is further exacerbated by the increasing frequency of tropical cyclones and rising sea levels. Understanding the extent of salinity and its challenges is crucial for promoting sustainable agriculture and ensuring access to safe drinking water. Using quantitative (soil and water parameters) and qualitative (focus group discussion and key informant interview) data, we investigated (i) soil and water salinity and soil nutrient contents; and (ii) adaptive practices in agriculture and drinking water management in three sub-districts (Assasuni, Dacope and Morrelganj) in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. Results show that soil salinity levels did not significantly differ among the sub-districts, with Assasuni having slightly higher soil salinity (8.24 dS m-1) compared to Dacope (8.08 dS m-1) and Morrelganj (7.96 dS m-1). Significant differences were observed in the salinity level of pond and canal water among the sub-districts, with Assasuni having the highest levels of salinity in both pond (13.98 dS m-1) and canal water (77.85 dS m-1), compared to other sub-districts. Soil and water salinity were the major challenges reported by the respondents; however, climate-induced stresses (e.g., untimely precipitation) and outbreaks of pests during droughts have been identified as prominent issues in sustainable agriculture. Rainwater harvesting has been identified as a viable adaptive technique in drinking water management, offering a feasible solution to address water and soil salinity. The study underscores the importance of implementing adaptive practices (e.g., rainwater harvesting) to address water scarcity and salinity issues in the coastal region and promote resilient agricultural systems.
Modeling cryptocurrency market dynamics using machine learning tools
Authors: Martjanov Dmytro , Vyklyuk Yaroslav , Fleychuk Mariya
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market (Bitcoin) using econometric estimation tools based on machine learning models. The forecasting method is improved based on time series decomposition and lagged shifts of financial indicators. An ensemble of short-term forecast models for the Bitcoin exchange rate is built, and its accuracy is analyzed and compared to individual component models. Time series models are used along with calculated financial indicators (ADODS, NATR, TRANGE, ATR, OBV, RSI, ADTV). The absolute deviation of the short-term forecast amounted to $9.5, which is 0.06% of the absolute value.
A Comparative Study for Using Deep LSTMs and ARIMA for Imputing Missing Data for Wind Data in the Irish Sea
Authors: Shoukat Gohar , Malekjafarian Abdollah , Pakrashi Vikram
Published: May 2024

Achieving Net Zero emissions target is driving up the need for offshore wind as an alternate energy source. Ireland has the capacity to produce upwards of 30GWof power through offshore wind alone. Wind resource assessments are extremely vital in determining the long term trends of a site. The instruments used for this often suffer breakdowns or miss readings which impacts the long term trend analysis. Wind time series data from Ireland’s Marine Institute is used which is shown to have significant gaps in it’s 20 years of service. Data imputation is necessary to fill in these gaps as accurately as possible. This paper compares LSTMs and ARIMA as two competing methodologies for data imputation. LSTMs are shown to be marginally superior to ARIMA imputation with a mean squared error of 0.45 compared to that of ARIMA of 0.60.
Fractional Operators and Fractionally Integrated Random Fields on Z
Authors: Surgailis Donatas , Pilipauskaitė Vytautė
Published: May 2024

We consider fractional integral operators $(I-T)^d, d \in (-1,1)$ acting on functions $g: \mathbb{Z}^{\nu} \to \mathbb{R}, \nu \ge 1 $, where $T $ is the transition operator of a random walk on
$\mathbb{Z}^{\nu}$. We obtain sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence, invertibility and square summability of kernels $\tau (\mathbf{s}; d), \mathmb{s} \in \mathbb{Z}^{\nu}$ of $(I-T)^d $. Asymptotic behavior of $\tau (\mathbf{s}; d)$ as $|\mathbf{s}| \to \infty$ is identified following local limit theorem for random walk.
A class of fractionally integrated random fields $X$ on $\mathbb{Z}^{\nu}$ solving the difference equation $(I-T)^d X = \varepsilon$ with white noise on the right-hand side is discussed, and their scaling
limits. Several examples including fractional lattice Laplace and heat operators are studied in detail.
Automated Left Ventricle Segmentation in Echocardiography using YOLO: A Deep Learning Approach for Enhanced Cardiac Function Assessment
Authors: Balasubramani Madankumar , Sung Chih-Wei , Hsieh Mu-Yang , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan , Shieh Jiann-Shing , Abbod Maysam
Published: May 2024

Accurate segmentation of the Left Ventricle (LV) in Echocardiogram (Echo) images is essential for cardiovascular analysis. Conventional techniques are labor-intensive and exhibit inter-observer variability. Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for automated medical image segmentation, offering advantages in speed and potentially superior accuracy. This study explores the efficacy of employing the YOLO (You Only Look Once) segmentation model for automated LV segmentation in Echo images.
YOLO, a cutting-edge object detection model, achieves exceptional speed-accuracy balance through its well-designed architecture. It utilizes efficient dilated convolutional layers and bottleneck blocks for feature extraction, while incorporating innovations like path aggregation and spatial attention mechanisms. These attributes make YOLO a compelling candidate for adaptation to LV segmentation in Echo images. We posit that by fine-tuning a pre-trained YOLO based model on a well-annotated Echo image dataset, we can leverage the model's strengths in real-time processing and precise object localization to achieve robust LV segmentation.
The proposed approach entails fine-tuning a pre-trained YOLO model on a rigorously labeled Echo image dataset. Model performance has been evaluated using established metrics such as mean Average Precision (mAP) at an Intersection over Union (IoU) threshold of 50% (mAP50) with 98.31%and across a range of IoU thresholds from 50% to 95% (mAP50:95) with 75.27%.
Successful implementation of YOLO for LV segmentation has the potential to significantly expedite and standardize Echo image analysis. This advancement could translate to improved clinical decision-making and enhanced patient care.
Important Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lifestyle Avoided by Researchers? Face Masks and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Search and Review
Authors: Pietrzyk Szymon Jozef , Kielczynska Emilia , Kowalczyk Martyna , Mazurek Mateusz , Domagala Zygmunt Antoni
Published: May 2024

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 virus has rapidly spread worldwide, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a pandemic and advocate for the widespread use of face masks to mitigate transmission. In this review, we delve into the potential impact of prolonged face mask use on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) health, an area that has garnered limited attention amidst COVID-19 research. Research has revealed that improper mask fit, and constant readjustment can lead to TMJ abnormalities. Similarly, there is a demonstrated correlation between continuous mask usage and increased incidence of headaches, temporomandibular pain, and diminished quality of life. Many studies have highlighted discomfort in the preauricular area, headaches, TMJ noises, headache, jaw pain, and muscle fatigue, as well as dermatological disorders that have been attributed to prolonged mask wear and its impact on TMJ. Our study catalyzes future research endeavors, urging a deeper exploration of the implications of long-term mask wear, not only in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic but also among occupational groups regularly exposed to extended mask use. By unraveling the complexities of TMJ health in the face of evolving preventive measures, we aim to enhance our understanding and safeguard the well-being of mask-wearers worldwide.
Possible Influence of Cortical Neuronal Circuits on Each Other: A Model
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: May 2024

The interaction between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and biological systems has been a subject of intense research and debate. This study explores the potential influence of magnetic fields on neural circuits, which are the building blocks of the human brain. By developing a mathematical model and conducting computational simulations, we investigate how magnetic fields can affect the transmission of electrical signals within neural circuits. The results suggest that magnetic fields can alter the speed and direction of signal propagation, offering potential applications in medical treatments and brain-machine interfaces. However, the study also highlights the need for more comprehensive models that consider the complexity of real-world neural circuits and the multifaceted nature of magnetic fields. The interaction between EMFs and neural circuits is a rich and complex subject that requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining physics, biology, mathematics, and computer science. While this study provides valuable insights, further research is needed to fully understand the implications of this interaction and to realize its potential applications in medicine, neuroscience, and technology. The findings contribute to a growing body of knowledge that bridges the gap between physics and neuroscience, opening new horizons for understanding the human mind and its connection to the physical world.
Research on Multi vessel Collision Avoidance Decision Considering China's Inland River Collision Avoidance Rules
Authors: Xiao Jinlong , Li Zhiqian , Jiang Pan , Ma Jingning
Published: May 2024

In order to quickly develop a multi ship collaborative collision avoidance plan in multi ship encounter scenarios, a multi ship collision avoidance decision model is proposed in accordance with the requirements of the International Maritime Collision Avoidance Regulations, taking into account the collision avoidance operations in multi ship encounter scenarios. Firstly, the collision risk between ships is determined by the closest encounter distance (DCPA) and closest encounter time (TCPA). Secondly, a decision objective function is established based on rules, degree of ship deviation, and ship risk. Finally, the prediction mechanism is used to calculate the minimum value of the objective function and complete the collision avoidance decision. The simulation results show that in the scenario of multiple ship encounters, the collision avoidance model can achieve safe collision avoidance with a smaller steering frequency and a shorter col-lision avoidance time. The proposed multi ship collision avoidance model can provide reference for collision avoidance decision-making in multi ship encounter scenarios, which helps to im-prove the collision avoidance efficiency in multi ship collision avoidance
Quantitative Assessment and Analysis of Fish Behavior in Closed Systems Using Information Entropy
Authors: Kadota Minoru , Torisawa Shinsuke , Takagi Tsutomu
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a method for quantitatively assessing the complexity and predictability of fish behavior in closed systems through the application of information entropy, offering a novel lens to understand how fish adapt to environmental changes. Utilizing simulations rooted in a random walk model for fish movement, we delve into entropy fluctuations under varying environmental conditions, including responses to feeding and external stimuli. Our findings underscore the utility of information entropy in capturing the intricacies of fish behavior, particularly highlighting the synchrony in collective actions and adaptations to environmental shifts. This research not only broadens our comprehension of fish behavior but also paves the way for its application in fields like aquaculture and resource management. Through our analysis, we discovered that smaller grid sizes in simulations capture detailed local fluctuations, while larger grids elucidate general trends, pinpointing a 2.5m grid as optimal for our study. Moreover, changes in swimming speeds and behavioral adaptations during feeding were quantitatively analyzed, with results illustrating significant behavior modifications. Additionally, employing a Gaussian Mixture Model helped to clarify the nuanced changes in fish behavior in response to altered light conditions, demonstrating the layered complexity of fish responses to environmental stimuli. This investigation confirms the efficacy of information entropy as a robust metric for evaluating fish shoal behavior, offering a fresh methodology for ecological and environmental studies, with promising implications for sustainable management practices.
Deterministic Quantum Mechanics – Part I – Conceptual Framework
Authors: Vadasz Peter
Published: May 2024

A deterministic quantum mechanics theory is presented in a series of papers starting with the present one. The proposed theory is shown to be consistent with the current mainstream statistical quantum theory as well as with classical physics. It produces solutions, which demonstrate that causality, physical reality, and determinism are restored and can explain in simple form concerns that are raised by results from the current mainstream statistical quantum theory. The meaning of particle- wave duality and complementarity, the possibility of a particle, like the electron, to cross through the nucleus as it does when the angular momentum of the electron is zero at the ground state of the hydrogen atom, the possibility of a point-size particle to have an “intrinsic spin”, the possibility of “quantum jumps” as the electron transitions instantaneously from one stable orbital to another without passing through the space in between the orbitals and does that at irregular time intervals, and the natural collapse of the wave function as part of the solution are some of the results that emerge from the proposed deterministic quantum mechanics theory. The phenomenon of entanglement is shown to be consistent with the proposed deterministic quantum mechanics theory. The Bohr-Schrödinger energy levels leading to the experimentally confirmed spectral lines, as well as the fine structure constant emerge directly from the solution of the equations governing theproposed deterministic quantum mechanics presented in Part II of these series of papers.
Global Patent Analysis of Battery Recycling Technologies: A Comparative Study of Korea, China, and the United States
Authors: Lee Chae-Hoon
Published: May 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of global patent trends in battery recycling, focusing on secondary batteries and related technologies across Korea, China, and the United States. The data, collected from various patent databases, was quantitatively analyzed to identify technology trends and direct future development. The analysis reveals distinct emphases on technologies such as lithium-ion and waste battery recycling, highlighting notable differences in patent activities among key companies and countries. China's large number of patents in battery manufacturing processes contrasts with the USA's focus on electrochemical cell construction and storage systems, while Korea shows significant activity in waste battery technology. The study underscores the competitive landscape and innovation efforts in the battery recycling sector, providing insights into the technological focuses and priorities of each country. It also identifies key challenges, such as the need for consistent innovation and broader geographic coverage in Korea, enhancing patent influence and international presence in China, and ensuring high patent quality and fostering innovation in lagging sectors in the United States. Addressing these challenges through enhanced collaboration, increased R&D investments, and supportive policies is crucial for strengthening the global position and driving further innovation in the battery recycling sector.
PAA: Persian Author Attribution Using Dense and Recursive Connection
Authors: Najafi Maryam , Sadidpur Saeide
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Author attribution refers to identifying the author of a document by distinguishing between texts written by various authors. Since the author’s writing style is a straightforward concept of his writing habits, an author’s attribution can be used in various sections of society, including legal work, court cases, and plagiarism. This paper studies and compares a deep architecture that automatically identifies Persian writers through their writing styles. For this purpose, since there were no existing datasets suitable for author identification in Persian, the first step was to collect three different datasets: Novels, News, and Twitter. Afterward, the Word2Vec algorithm is trained on many Persian datasets and used as word embedding. To have syntactic features besides semantic ones, Part Of Speech (POS) embedding has also been used. In the next step, an attention mechanism and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are coupled with residual connections. Thus, the current layer input becomes the output of all previous layers rather than the top one. The model implemented is superior in performance for all three types of data compared to earlier models in text classification and author attribution. Absolute accuracies of 90.22%, 85.10%, and 71.39% were achieved among the three Novels, News, and Tweets datasets.
Pulmonary Hypertension: Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Therapies
Authors: Tsai Jason , Malik Shaista , Tjen-A-Looi Stephanie C.
Published: May 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe and chronic disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and remodeling often precipitating right-sided heart dysfunction and death. Although the condition is progressive and incurable, current therapies for the disease focus on multiple different drugs and general supportive therapies to manage symptoms and prolong survival, ranging from medications more specific to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to exercise training. Moreover, there are multiple studies exploring novel experimental drugs and therapies including unique neurostimulation, to help better manage the disease. Here we provide a narrative review focusing on current PH treatments that target multiple underlying biochemical mechanisms, including but not limited to imbalances in vasoconstrictor-vasodilator and autonomic nervous system function, inflammation, and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling. We also focus on the potential of novel therapies for managing PH, focusing on multiple types of neu-rostimulation including acupuncture. Lastly, we also touch upon the disease’s different subgroups, clinical presentations and prognosis, diagnostics, demographics, and cost.
Assessing the risk perception, attitude, and management strategies used by the participants in Nigeria’s rice value chain.
Authors: Agboola Babatola Olasunkanmi , Baiyegunhi Lloyd J. S.
Published: May 2024

The study assessed the risk perception, attitude, and management tools of 260 randomly selected farmers and processors in the rice value chain using data elicited via a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Equally Likely Certainty Equivalent (ELCE) technique, Binary logistic regression, and a 5-point Likert scale were employed in the data analyses. Descriptive statistics show that the respondents are young, active, and in their productive age with an intermediate education level. Majority of the farmers and processors were risk averse. Risk aversion was common among farmers and processors. Farmers' risk attitudes and perceptions of risk are significantly influenced by a number of factors, including age, access to extension services, farm size, marital status, household size, education, income, training, and experience. Majority of rice farmers consider price risk as the most important risk while majority of processors perceive production risk as the most important risk. Pests and diseases, price fluctuation, drought, and lack of input were the most important source of risk to farmers, while processors perceived price fluctuation, technology adoption, and poor storage facilities as the most important source of risk. Off-farm investment, spraying for pests and diseases, cash contribution, market information, and cooperative were the important risk mitigating management strategies employed by the farmers/processors. The study suggests improvements in the identified risk sources, which could influence the attitude and perception of the farmers and processors.
Patients’ Perceptions of Nusinersen Effects according to Their Responder Status
Authors: Lilien Charlotte , Vrscaj Eva , Thapaliya Gita , Deconinck Nicolas , De Waele Liesbeth , Duong Tina , Haberlová Jana , Kumhera Markéta , Peirens Geertrui , Szabo Lena , Tahon Valentine , Tang Whitney J. , Benmhammed Noor , Médard Laurie , Servais Laurent
Published: May 2024

Background and Objective: Patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) treated with a dis-ease-modifying therapy (DMT) are often classified as responders or non-responders based on at-tainment of a specific improvement threshold on validated functional scales. This categorization may significantly impact treatment reimbursement in some countries. The aim of this research is to evaluate the perception of treatment benefit by patients considered as responder or non-responder.
Methods: In this non-commercial multicenter study, 99 post-symptomatically treated SMA type I-III patients with a median age of 11.2 (0.39-57.4) years at treatment initiation were stratified into three groups based on their treatment outcomes, i.e. those exhibiting clinically significant improvement (N=41), those with non-clinically significant improvement (N=18), or those show-ing no improvement (N=40). Fifteen months after treatment initiation patients or patients’ care-givers were assessed using a patient-rated scoring system based on the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale, comprising 22 questions targeting important aspects and tasks in the daily life of patients with SMA.
Results: We found no statistical difference in patient perception of treatment benefit in 17 out of 22 domains across patient groups.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that functional motor scales do not recapitulate patients and pa-tients’ caregivers experience about the effect of nusinersen treatment in SMA.
Automatic Classification of Submerged Macrophytes at Lake Constance from Laser Bathymetry Point Clouds
Authors: Wagner Nike , Franke Gunnar , Schmieder Klaus , Mandlburger Gottfried
Published: May 2024

Submerged aquatic vegetation, also referred to as submerged macrophytes, provides important habitats and serves as a significant ecological indicator for assessing the condition of water bodies and for gaining insights into the impacts of climate change. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for the extensive monitoring of submerged vegetation, validated against established monitoring techniques. Employing full waveform airborne laser scanning, frequently used for topographic mapping and forestry applications on dry land, we extend its application to the detection of underwater vegetation in Lake Constance. The primary focus of this research lies in the automatic classification of LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) point clouds, distinguishing the three vegetation classes (i) Low Vegetation, (ii) High Vegetation, and (iii) Vegetation Canopy based on their height. The results reveal detailed three-dimensional representation of submerged vegetation, enabling the identification of vegetation structures and inference of vegetation types with reference to pre-existing knowledge. While the results within training areas demonstrate high precision and alignment with comparative data, the findings in test areas exhibit comprehensible deficiencies that are likely addressable through corrective measures in the future.
Oxidative Stress, LDL-Cholesterol and Lipoprotein(a): A New Formula to Balance Two Diverging Culprits
Authors: Rehman Michaela Beatrice , Tudrej Benoit Valentin
Published: May 2024

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a chronic inflammatory disease, linked to a state oxidative stress, with several well-identified culprits, of which low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a). No specific treatment is currently available to lower lipoprotein(a). It is, therefore, of paramount importance to identify nutritional factors that could lower lipoprotein(a). Growing evidence shows that although reducing saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake decreases LDL-C, it could increase lipoprotein(a). Optimal dietary recommendations may therefore differ depending on an in-dividual’s baseline lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C levels. Assessing the diet-induced true LDL-C response and net balance of these two atherogenic entities is difficult because LDL-C measurement is confounded by lipoprotein(a) cholesterol content. We have estimated, for the first time, the net atherogenic result of diet-induced variations of both LDL-C and lipoprotein(a), thanks to our new concept of LDLapoB risk equivalent=apoB+lp(a)x5 (in nmol/L). This is illustrated, via the rare case of a physician with very high lipoprotein(a) and hypobetalipoproteinemia. She experiences twice a considerable lipoprotein(a) increase (+32%, + 28mg/dL, + 67nmol/L) and higher LDLapoB risk equivalent (138mg/dL versus 123mg/dL) on a mediterranean diet, low in SFA. A reasonable SFA intake, despite causing marginal LDL-C increase, may be advisable in patients with high lipoprotein(a) who need personalized dietary recommendations.
Dysnatremia as a Mortality Marker in Intensive Care Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Eraslan Doganay Guler , Doganci Melek , Yurtseven Gulsah , Ozanbarci Azra , Kahraman Abdullah , Cirik Ozgur , Ozturk Yalcin Fatma , Hazer Seray , Ensarioglu Kerem
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may cause acute respiratory failure but also remains responsible for many other pathologies, including electrolyte disorders. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and disrupt water hemostasis with thirst and appetite abnormalities. Dysnatremia affects prognosis and may be associated with mortality in patients admitted to SARS-CoV2 intensive care.
Patients and Methods: The study included 209 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between April 12, 2021, and March 1, 2022 who were over 18 years old and diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection by clinical and thoracic tomography findings or with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result.
The laboratory markers, treatment modalities, nutritional, and respiratory support also for outcome evaluation, length of stay in the ICU, total hospitalization duration, and mortality in ICU were recorded.The laboratory marker comparison was made admission with the final assessment performed before the time of mortality in ICU or discharge.
Results: Inotropic requirements among patients were high which was reflected in the first-month mortality. Hypernatremia presence was associated with an increase in enteral support and inotropic support requirement and mortality. Hypernatremia was correlated with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and a longer duration under mechanical ventilation.
Discussion: Hypernatremia was an important risk factor in ICU patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was also affected by the treatment regimens given itself. This complex relationship underlies the importance of proper electrolyte management, especially in patients who were under severe stress and organ failure.
Raloxifene Protects Oxygen-glucose-deprived Astrocyte Cells Used To Mimic Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Toro-Urrego Nicolás , Luaces Juan P. , Bordet Sofía , Otero-Losada M Matilde , Capani Francisco
Published: May 2024

. Background. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is one primary cause of long-term neurological disability, morbidity, and death worldwide. The decrease in blood flow and oxygen concentration leads to insufficient nutrient supply to the brain, energy depletion, increased free radical generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Perinatal asphyxia — the oxygen supply suspension near birth-time — causes hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental damage. In pathological scenarios, raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has shown neuroprotective effects. Purpose. To examine whether raloxifene showed neuroprotection in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation astrocyte cell model. Methods. T98G cells in culture were treated with a glucose-free DMEM medium and incubated at 37ºC in a hypoxia chamber with 1% O2 for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Cultures were supplemented with raloxifene 1, 10, and 100 nM during both glucose and oxygen deprivation and reoxygenation periods. Results. Raloxifene 100 nM and 10 nM improved cell survival — 65.34% and 70.56% — respectively compared to the control cell groups. Mitochondrial membrane potential was preserved by 58.9% 10 nM raloxifene and 81.57% 100 nM raloxifene cotreatment. Raloxifene cotreatment reduced superoxide production by 72.72% and peroxide production by 57%. Mitochondrial mass was preserved by 47.4%, 75.5%, and 89% in T98G cells exposed to 6-hour oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by 3, 6, and 9 hours of reoxygenation, respectively. Conclusions. Raloxifene improved cell survival and mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting a direct effect on mitochondria. Raloxifene protected the oxygen-glucose-deprived astrocyte cells used to mimic hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in this study.
Effects of a Bank Plant on the Control of Rice Planthoppers: A Field Study
Authors: Guo Xin , Zhou Qiao-yu , Ru Meng-meng , Cao Bei , Huang Xin , Zheng Xu-song , Zhu Ping-yang
Published: May 2024

Utilizing ecological engineering to manage pests by enhancing the biological control function of natural predators through the selection of high-efficiency bank plants and the establishment of bank plant systems within agricultural ecosystems is an optimal strategy. While bank plant systems have found widespread use in greenhouse crop cultivation, their application in rice fields remains limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Leersia sayanuka as a bank plant for controlling planthoppers and to explore the potential of sesame as a complementary plant to enhance the effectiveness of the bank plant system through field trials. The findings revealed that planting a strip of L. sayanuka, at least 50 cm wide and extending over 1 m in length, had a notable impact on planthopper control in paddy fields. Moreover, the incorporation of Sesamum indicum, a nectar plant, into the bank plant system consisting of L. sayanuka, Nilaparvata muiri, and Anagrus nilaparvatae, led to a significant increase in the population of Anagrus spp. in rice fields. This increase was accompanied by a rise in the egg parasitism rate targeting rice planthoppers, resulting in a marked improvement in overall rice planthopper control in paddy fields. Thus, the combined system demonstrated efficiency as an effective bank plant system for managing rice planthoppers.
Novel Copper Alginate Microspheres as Ecological Fungicides
Authors: Vinceković Marko , Jurić Slaven , Vlahoviček Kahlina Kristina , Novak Adrijana , Ivić Dario , Hazler Laura , Marić Ivan , Bafti Arijeta , Šijaković Vujčić Nataša
Published: May 2024

Phytopathogenic fungi are living organisms that cause plant diseases and great damage to agri-cultural products. Despite the wide range of commercial fungicide products in use, there is a clear need for new and environmentally friendly fungicides. Here we propose a new ecological fun-gicide, copper alginate microspheres prepared by ionic gelation. The microspheres were charac-terized (morphology and topography, encapsulation efficiency, load capacity, swelling behavior, rheology, kinetics and mechanism of copper ions release) and their in vitro antifungal potential against selected genera of phytopathogenic fungi was evaluated. Novel copper alginate micro-spheres inhibited spore germination of Botrytis cinerea and mycelial growth of Cercospora beticola and Phytophthora ramorum. They offer effective disease control while minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable agriculture practices.
A Comprehensive Exploration of the Multifaceted Neuroprotective Role of Cannabinoids in Alzheimer's Disease Across a Decade of Research
Authors: Tyrakis Petros , Agridi Christina , Kourti Malamati
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, manifests through dysregulation of brain function and subsequent loss of bodily control, attributed to β-amyloid plaque deposition and TAU protein hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, leading to neuronal death. Concurrently, similar cannabinoids to the ones derived from Cannabis sativa are present in the endocannabinoid system, acting through receptors CB1R and CB2R and other related receptors such as Trpv-1 and GPR-55, and are being extensively investigated for AD therapy. Given the limited efficacy and adverse effects of current available treatments, alternative approaches are crucial. Therefore, this review aims to identify effective natural and synthetic cannabinoids and elucidate their beneficial actions for AD treatment. PubMed and Scopus databases were queried (2014–2024) using keywords such as "Alzheimer's disease" and "cannabinoids". The majority of natural (THC, CBD, AEA, etc.) and synthetic (JWH-133, WIN55,212-2, CP55-940, etc.) cannabinoids included, showed promise in improving memory, cognition, and behavioral symptoms, potentially via pathways involving antioxidant effects of selective CB1R agonists (such as the BDNF/TrkB/Akt pathway) and immunomodulatory effects of selective CB2R agonists (TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway). Combining anticholinesterase properties with cannabinoid moiety may enhance therapeutic responses, addressing cholinergic deficits of AD brains. Thus, the positive outcomes of the majority of studies discussed supports further advancing cannabinoids in clinical trials for AD treatment.
Efek Temperatur dan Waktu Seduh terhadap Karakteristik Kimia dan Sensori Liang Teh Pontianak
Authors: Fannia Evy , Dewi Yohana Sutiknyawati Kusuma , Purwayantie Sulvi
Published: May 2024

Liang tea Pontianak consists of herbal ingredients (Dicliptera chinensis leaves, Tradescantia spathacea leaves, Origanum vulgare Wilder leaves, Pandanus amarillifolius leaves and skin of Aloe vera chinensis) and tea ingredients (Caesalpinia sappan wood). Technological developments for preparing tea burrows in fresh form have turned into dry ingredients so that they are practical in preparation. The process of serving liang tea Pontianak by brewing, but currently it is not known when and the brewing temperature that produces the best physicochemical characteristics of the burrow has not been studied. The target of this research was to obtain the temperature and brewing time that produces the best chemical and sensory characteristics of Liang tea Pontianak. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 treatment, namely the brewing temperature of 70±3°C, 85±3°C and 100°C while the second factor was the length of brewing, consisting of 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The results of this study found that the chemical and sensory characteristics of Liang tea Pontianak were brewed at 100°C for 20 minutes. The physicochemical characteristics of Liang teh Pontianak have antioxidant activity of 73.81%, total phenol content of 97.58 mg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 217.28 mg QE/g. Based on sensory characteristics, the best brewing Liang Teh Pontianak was 70±3°C for 20 minutes with color attribute values of 4.28, aroma 3.80, and taste 3.64. Determination of the best treatment using the value of the effectiveness index.
Pemanfaatan Sari Buah Tomi-Tomi (Flacourtia inermis Roxb) sebagai Flavoring Agent dalam Pembuatan Minuman Isotonik Air Kelapa
Authors: Sipahelut Sophia Grace , Maitimu Centhya Victorin , Rejeki Sri , Patty John Alfred
Published: May 2024

This study aims to study the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of an isotonic drink of aged coconut water with the addition of tomi-tomi fruit juice as a flavoring agent. This study was designed using a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatment levels, ratios of old coconut water and tomi-tomi fruit juice, namely 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, and 60%:40 %. Parameters analyzed included: total phenol, total dissolved solids, pH and organoleptic tests including hedonic and hedonic quality tests (taste, aroma, color, turbidity, overall acceptability). The results showed that the higher the ratio of tomi-tomi juice added, the total phenol of isotonic coconut water drink increased, but the total dissolved solids and pH decreased. The use of tomi-tomi fruit juice 80%:20% is the best flavoring agent because it produces an isotonic drink flavor that is preferred by panelists compared to other treatments, with a total phenol content of 2.92 mg gallic acid/100 mL, total dissolved solids of 16.03° Brix, and a pH of 4.21.
Karakteristik Kimia dan Mikrobiologis Cuka Kurma Jenis Khalas (Phoenix dactylifera)
Authors: Arianty Devi , Mahmud Nur Adawiyah , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: May 2024

Date vinegar is a processed date product that has a high nutritional content that improves the function of the body’s work system. This research aims to identify the chemical characterization and microbiology of date vinegar as an antimicrobial during the fermentation process. This study used a descriptive method for 30 days of the fermentation of date vinegar. The results were analyzed by a qualitative description of each parameter. Parameters observed were characterization of date vinegar compared to standard fermented vinegar according to SNI 01-4371-1996, organic acids, total phenols, and antimicrobial effect. The results indicated that the fermentation of Khalas dates for 30 days produced a pH of 4, 7.15% dissolved solids, 0% alcohol, 6% acetic acid, organic acid odor, liquid form, and dark brown color. The bioactive content of date vinegar was obtained using GC-MS a total of 44 compounds with two highest peaks were detected at RT 21.68 and RT 22.08. The resulting compounds are hexadecenoic methyl ester, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester dan Pentadecanoic acid, 13-methyl-, methyl ester, area at 19.98. On the other peaks are l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, Estra-1,3, 5 (10)- trien-17β-ol, area at 9.79. Total phenol was 6213.57 mg/L, and the highest antimicrobial activity was with a concentration of 100% date vinegar of 15.27 mm.
Midterm Outcomes of Surgical Reconstruction and Spontaneous Recovery of Upper-Extremity Paralysis Following Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Authors: Doi Kazuteru , Hattori Yasunori , Sakamoto Sotetsu , Yii Chia Dawn Sinn , Gour Vijayendrasingh , Sasaki Jun
Published: May 2024

Background:

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a disabling, poliomyelitis-like illness that mainly affects children. Although various surgical interventions are performed for intractable paralysis due to AFM, the timing of surgery and its long-term outcomes have yet to be established, especially for shoulder reconstruction. This study aimed to analyze the midterm outcomes of nonsurgically and surgically treated upper-extremity AFM and the factors influencing shoulder functional outcomes after surgical reconstruction.

Methods:

We retrospectively examined 39 patients with AFM in 50 upper extremities between 2011 and 2019. The degree of spontaneous recovery of completely paralyzed muscles was evaluated at a median of 3, 6, and 37 months after the onset of paralysis. Twenty-seven patients with 29 extremities underwent surgery involving nerve transfer, muscle-tendon transfer, or free muscle transfer for shoulder, elbow, and hand reconstruction.

Results:

Patients with complete paralysis of shoulder abduction at 6 months did not show later recovery. Twenty-two patients with 24 extremities underwent shoulder surgery, and all but 1 were followed for at least 24 months after surgery. Although postoperative shoulder abduction recovery was similar between transfer of the spinal accessory nerve and of the contralateral C7 nerve root to the suprascapular nerve, the outcomes obtained with spinal accessory nerve transfer had more variability, likely related to latent spinal accessory nerve paralysis, shoulder instability related to pectoralis major paralysis, and the type of paralysis. Shoulder abduction recovery was also greatly affected by scapulothoracic joint movement. In contrast, the outcomes of the elbow flexion and hand reconstructions were more consistent and acceptable.

Conclusions:

All patients had loss of shoulder abduction, and restoration of shoulder function was less predictable and depended on the quality of the donor nerves and recovery of the synergistic muscles. Strict donor nerve selection and additional nerve transfer for shoulder reconstruction are imperative for satisfactory outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Study of Pregnancy Outcome in Various High Risk Pregnancies
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Al Ameen Medical College, Vijaypura, Karnataka 586108, India., Oswal Kiran
Published: May 2024

Background: A High risk pregnancy is identified as pregnancy in which there is a risk of adverse outcome in the mother and / or baby that is greater than the incidence of that outcome in general population. All pregnancies are at risk even though most of the pregnancies and childbirth worldwide are uneventful. Almost 15% of all the pregnant women can develop potentially life-threatening complications which mightrequire skilled care with some requiring major intervention for survival. Methods: This prospectivestudy was carried out in 220 cases being brought in OBG dept of AL Ameen Medical College, Bijapur, from July 2023 to December 2023. A detailed data of sociodemographic profile, general examination and obstetric examination were carried out. Results: Of the 220 antenatal cases studied, 99 cases (45%) of them had pre-eclampsia. Malpresentation pregnancies contributed to about 36% of cases and Anemia were seen in 13 cases (6%). The mode of delivery was caesarean section in 70 cases (31.2%). Normal vaginal delivery were done in 94 cases (42.8%). Instrumental deliveries were seen in 11 cases (5%). Conclusion: High risk pregnancy, Caesarian section, Normal vaginal delivery of active phase of labour by making cervical dilatation faster and lowering the duration of usage of labour analgesics, which makes labour a pleasant experience for woman.
Solving Sustained Casing Pressure Problems at the Source
Authors: Alam Maqsad , Minor Jerry , Nizami Ghias Uddin
Published: May 2024

Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP) is an industry-wide well integrity problem that increases the risk of uncontrolled formation fluid flow to the environment and unwanted damage to well construction and the shallower water-bearing formations. In some instances, the SCP must be isolated to avoid excessive pressure build-up, which can have a detrimental effect on the well construction and, in the worst case, induce a well control situation.

In some instances where the pressure source is shallow, low-pressure, the solution can plug from the surface by squeezing a plugging fluid into the channel, providing a flow path to the fluids causing the SCP. However, this is only sometimes the case, and if the source is unknown, high-pressure, or deep zone, the problem must be fixed at the source. Squeezing from the surface will only mask the problem and create a scenario where the pressure can no longer be monitored.

One of the common reasons for sustained casing pressure (SCP) is channels or microchannels in cement behind a casing. This can be due to cement debonding from temperature and pressure cycling or even just poor cement job results during the drilling of the well. These channels allow the pressurized formation fluids to flow from the source formation to the surface. The surface area and the geometric shapes of these channels are not uniform along the depth and can create severe resistance to the flow of viscous fluids due to the small surface area. To re-establish the wellbore integrity and mitigate the SCP without compromising the well, these channels need to be plugged with permanent sealing material at or near the source of the fluid.

Due to their small size and torturous flow paths, it is usually difficult and impractical to squeeze the conventional plugging material through these channels. The most suitable sealant for plugging such microchannels is free of particles, has low viscosity, is resistant to contamination, and can be set according to operational requirements. The sealants' high viscosity, solid particles, and short thickening (gelling) time prevent them from penetrating small channels to permanently cure the problem.

This paper presents a solution derived from several successful operations of similar scenarios. It discusses a proven and well-developed polyester thermosetting setting resin-based solution and the deployment techniques to re-establish the well integrity by permanently plugging the microchannels in the casing annuli. It also sheds some light on the benefits of this technology in terms of safety, the environment, and economics.
Update on Exothermic Reaction Technology to Create an Eternal Seal in Wells to be Permanently Abandoned
Authors: Rosnes C. , Hoffman C. , Rudy T.
Published: May 2024

Since 2012, Interwell's thermite/RockSolid technology has explored new barrier materials, understanding exothermic reactions, developing safe and practical operational procedures to discovering and leveraging the value of data during deployment. (Skjold 2012) The exothermic reaction has the benefit of material creation in-situ, resulting in un-influenced barrier materials and properties. This creates high confidence in the material performance. As the materials are created in a known void-space, the process also provides high confidence in barrier placement and placement volume or height. In addition, the process creates surface responses that confirms successful barrier placement through ignition signal, combustion signature through fluid returns, man-made wellbore elements removal via pressure response.

Through extensive scaled testing, we can correlate surface responses during operations with successful barriers in the field. Utilizing DNV's recommended practice A203 to provide a systematic approach to technology qualification as the structural framework for the technology development, we have been able to collect, analyze, and verify these traits of the barrier system. As such, we are able to provide the user with a verified barrier that stops all flow within the borehole from below the setting point, and at the same time support the understanding and verification of the subsurface geology and your abandonment strategy, by no additional means beyond the deployment of the barrier itself. The reason for this is how the exothermic reaction behaves, what it produces, and that we can verify the process steps. Unlike most traditional methods, the insight into the deployment process through the extensive R&D work done, you can now use the deployment process to adapt your future strategy based on the information from the deployment.