bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Water Surplus in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Brown D. Murray , Dadfar Humaira , Fallow David J. , Gordon Robert J. , Lauzon John D. , Parkin Gary W.
Published: December 2013

The temporal variability in estimated water surplus in 12 climatic regions of the province of Ontario, Canada, and its spatial distribution throughout most of the province are discussed in this paper. Surplus water is that which results from precipitation that runs off the land surface and that which drains through the soil profile to the water table and through subsurface drainage. A one-dimensional, deterministic model (DRAINMOD) that simulates soil water flow, including plant uptake, evapotranspiration, and freeze/thaw conditions, was used to estimate the water surplus. Simulations were performed using daily climatic data from January 1954 to December 2001 for each region. A reference corn crop and the predominant local soil conditions in each region, with the hydraulic properties for each layer in the soil profile, were used as model inputs. There was considerable year-to-year variability in annual water surplus in all regions caused by both precipitation and soil conditions. It was the least (~150 mm) in three regions and it exceeded 350 mm in another three regions, where winter snowfall is the greatest as a result of these regions being in the lea of one of the Great Lakes. The variability in water surplus generally increased as average water surplus increased.
Trim Optimization of Ship by a Potential-Based Panel Method
Authors: Lv Xujian , Wu Xiaoguang , Sun Jianglong , Tu Haiwen
Published: December 2013

A surface panel method for a boundary-value problem with the free surface is proposed to predict ship wave resistance under different trim conditions based on a so-called double-model solution. The free surface boundary condition is linearized with respect to the oncoming flow and computed by a four-point finite difference scheme. Sample computation for Wigley hull is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the method. A hull model is taken into account at two different displacements with respect to trim conditions of lower wave resistance. It is demonstrated by calculation and experiment that the wave resistance under the trim conditions provided by the proposed method is lower than that under the initial conditions.
Outcomes of a Peer Support Program in Multiple Sclerosis in an Australian Community Cohort: A Prospective Study
Authors: Ng Louisa , Amatya Bhasker , Khan Fary
Published: December 2013

Background/Objectives. This pilot study evaluated the impact of a peer support program on improving multiple sclerosis (MS) related psychological functions (depression, anxiety, and stress) and enhancing quality of life. Methodology. Participants (n=33) were recruited prospectively and received an 8-week group face-to-face peer support program. Assessments were at baseline (T1), 6 weeks after program (T2), and 12 months after program (T3), using validated questionnaires: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), McGill Quality of Life (MQOL), and Brief COPE. Results. Participants’ mean age was 52; the majority were female (64%) and married (64%). Median time since MS diagnosis was 16 years. At T2, participants reported improved psychological functioning (DASS “depression,” “anxiety,” and “stress” subscales, z values −2.36, −2.22, and −2.54, moderate effect sizes (r) 0.29, 0.28, and 0.32, resp.) and quality of life (MQOL SIS z score −2.07, r=0.26) and were less likely to use “self-blame” as a coping mechanism (Brief COPE z score −2.37, r=0.29). At T3, the positive improvements in stress (DASS stress subscale z score −2.41, r=0.31) and quality of life were maintained (MQOL SIS, z score −2.30, r=0.29). There were no adverse effects reported.
Coexistence of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Castleman’s Disease: A Case Report with Successful Response to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Authors: Mohtaram Amina , Afif Mohammed , Sghiri Tanae , Rami Amal , Latib Rachida , Kettani Fouad , Ben Ameur El Youbi Meryam , Boutayeb Saber , Kebdani Tayeb , Benjaafar Noureddine , Aaribi Imane , Errihani Hassan
Published: December 2013

Background. Castleman’s disease is a rare clinicopathological entity of unknown origin. Coexistence of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Castleman’s disease is rare. We report a case of Hodgkin’s disease of cervical lymph nodes in a patient previously diagnosed with Castleman’s disease.Case Presentation. A 43-year-old man admitted in July 2009 for a right cervical pain with lymph node at the physician examination. He underwent a right adenectomy and histological studies showed typical features of Castleman’s disease. Three years after, the patient consulted for increasing the volume of cervical lymph node. Clinical examination showed a right cervical lymph node of 3 cm. The computed tomography scan of chest, abdominal and pelvic was normal. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of cervical lymph node biopsy specimen were in favor of Castleman’s disease associated with Hodgkin’s disease. Reed-Sternberg cells were positive for CD15 and CD30. The patient received chemotherapy based on anthracyclines, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) and radiotherapy with complete response.Conclusion. Prevalence of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in Castleman’s disease is more difficult to establish because of the low number of cases reported in the literature.
Adaptive Self-Occlusion Behavior Recognition Based on pLSA
Authors: Tu Hong-bin , Xia Li-min , Tan Lun-zheng
Published: December 2013

Human action recognition is an important area of human action recognition research. Focusing on the problem of self-occlusion in the field of human action recognition, a new adaptive occlusion state behavior recognition approach was presented based on Markov random field and probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (pLSA). Firstly, the Markov random field was used to represent the occlusion relationship between human body parts in terms an occlusion state variable by phase space obtained. Then, we proposed a hierarchical area variety model. Finally, we use the topic model of pLSA to recognize the human behavior. Experiments were performed on the KTH, Weizmann, and Humaneva dataset to test and evaluate the proposed method. The compared experiment results showed that what the proposed method can achieve was more effective than the compared methods.
Infinitely Many Periodic Solutions to Delay Differential Equations via Critical Point Theory
Authors: Zhang Xiaosheng , Wang Duo
Published: December 2013

By the critical point theory, infinitely many 4σ-periodic solutions are obtained for the system of delay differential equationsẋt=-f(x(t-σ)), whereσ∈(0,+∞)andf∈C(ℝn,ℝn). It is shown that all the periodic solutions derived here are brought about by the time delay.
Psychological Distress in Women with Chronic Bronchitis in a Fishing Community in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Umoh Victor Aniedi , Ibok Andrew , Edet Bassey , Essien Ekpe , Abasiubong Festus
Published: December 2013

Background. Biomass smoke exposure is a known risk factor for chronic bronchitis. Psychiatric comorbidities may have significant impact on the quality of life of patients with chronic bronchitis. Methods. Women who engage in fish preservation by drying over burning firewood in a fishing community were recruited for this survey. The British medical research questionnaire was used to determine chronic bronchitis, and psychological distress was determined using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results. A total of 342 women were recruited for this study and 63 of them had chronic bronchitis. 96 women had features suggestive of psychological distress: 57 (16.6%) women with anxiety, 51 (14.9%) women with depression and 12 women (3.5%) had combined features. Psychological distress was more common among women with chronic bronchitis. Anxiety was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis and the level of biomass exposure while depression was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis, level of exposure, and a history of sleeping in the fish smoking room. Conclusion. Anxiety and depression show significant association with chronic bronchitis among women with biomass smoke exposure with the level of exposure having an aggravating effect on the relationship.
Maximizing Network Lifetime of Directional Sensor Networks Considering Coverage Reliability
Authors: Gil Joon-Min , Park Jong Hyuk , Jeong Young-Sik
Published: December 2013

Directional sensor networks composed of a large number of directional sensors equipped with a limited battery and with a limited angle of sensing have recently attracted attention. Maximizing network lifetime is a challenge in developing energy-efficient directional sensor networks, while covering all of the targets in a given area. However, the existing schemes have considered target coverage problem as only the maximization of network lifetime. In real sensor networks, the quality of target coverage will be varied according to the detection probability of the sensors covering targets. In this paper, we address the directional cover-sets with coverage reliability (DCCR) problem of organizing directional sensors into a group of nondisjoint subsets to extend network lifetime maximally while maintaining networks' satisfied coverage reliability. For the DCCR problem, we first present a coverage reliability model that mainly takes into account the detection probability of each sensor in cover-sets and eventually supports coverage reliability for target coverage. We also develop a heuristic algorithm called directional coverage and reliability (DCR) greedy algorithm to solve the DCCR problem. To verify and evaluate the algorithm, we conduct simulations and show that it extends network lifetime to a reasonable degree while guaranteeing the minimum coverage reliability.
Coefficient Matrix Decomposition Method and BIBO Stabilization of Stochastic Systems with Time Delays
Authors: Zhou Xia , Zhong Shouming
Published: December 2013

The mean square BIBO stabilization is investigated for the stochastic control systems with time delays and nonlinear perturbations. A class of suitable Lyapunov functional is constructed, combined with the descriptor model transformation and the decomposition technique of coefficient matrix; thus some novel delay-dependent mean square BIBO stabilization conditions are derived. These conditions are expressed in the forms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), whose feasibility can be easily checked by using Matlab LMI Toolbox. Finally, three numerical examples are given to demonstrate that the derived conditions are effective and much less conservative than those given in the literature.
Finite-Time Stabilization of Dynamic Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robots with Parameter Uncertainties
Authors: Chen Hua , Chen Wen , Wang Chaoli , Zhang Dongkai , Zhang Binwu
Published: December 2013

The finite-time stabilization problem of dynamic nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots with parameter uncertainties is considered for the first time. By the equivalent coordinate transformation of states, an uncertain 5-order chained form system can be obtained, based on which a discontinuous switching controller is proposed such that all the states of the robots can be stabilized to the origin equilibrium point within any given settling time. The systematic strategy combines the theory of finite-time stability with a new switching control design method. Finally, the simulation result illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Existence and Multiplicity of Nontrivial Solutions for a Class of Fourth-Order Elliptic Equations
Authors: Li Chun , Ou Zeng-Qi , Tang Chun-Lei
Published: December 2013

Using the Fountain theorem and a version of the Local Linking theorem, we obtain some existence and multiplicity results for a class of fourth-order elliptic equations.
Antihyperlipidemic Effect of a Polyherbal Mixture in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ghorbani Ahmad , Shafiee-Nick Reza , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Borji Abasalt
Published: December 2013

The effects of a polyherbal mixture containingAllium sativum,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Citrullus colocynthis,Juglans regia,Nigella sativa,Olea europaea,Punica granatum,Salvia officinalis,Teucrium polium,Trigonella foenum,Urtica dioica, andVaccinium arctostaphyloswere tested on biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. The animals were randomized into three groups: (1) normal control, (2) diabetic control, and (3) diabetic rats which received diet containing 15% (w/w) of this mixture for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). At the end of experiment, the mixture had no significant effect on serum hepatic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities. However, the level of fasting blood glucose, water intake, and urine output in treated group was lower than that in diabetic control rats (P<0.01). Also, the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol in polyherbal mixture treated rats were significantly lower than those in diabetic control group (P<0.05). Our results demonstrated that this polyherbal mixture has beneficial effects on blood glucose and lipid profile and it has the potential to be used as a dietary supplement for the management of diabetes.
Bromelain Inhibits Allergic Sensitization and Murine Asthma via Modulation of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Secor Eric R. , Szczepanek Steven M. , Castater Christine A. , Adami Alexander J. , Matson Adam P. , Rafti Ektor T. , Guernsey Linda , Natarajan Prabitha , McNamara Jeffrey T. , Schramm Craig M. , Thrall Roger S. , Silbart Lawrence K.
Published: December 2013

The incidence of atopic conditions has increased in industrialized countries. Persisting symptoms and concern for drug side-effects lead patients toward adjunctive treatments such as phytotherapy. Previously, we have shown that Bromelain (sBr), a mixture of cysteine proteases from pineapple,Ananas comosus, inhibits ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of allergic airway disease (AAD). However, sBr’s effect on development of AAD when treatment is administered throughout OVA-alum sensitization was unknown and is the aim of the present study. C57BL/6J mice were sensitized with OVA/alum and challenged with 7 days OVA aerosol. sBr 6 mg/kg/0.5 ml or PBS vehicle were administered throughout sensitization. Lung, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), spleen, and lymph nodes were processed for flow cytometry and OVA-specific IgE was determined via ELISA. sBr treatment throughout OVA-alum sensitization significantly reduced the development of AAD (BAL eosinophils and lymphocytes). OVA-specific IgE and OVA TET+cells were decreased. sBr reduced CD11c+dendritic cell subsets, andin vitrotreatment of DCs significantly reduced CD44, a key receptor in both cell trafficking and activation. sBr was shown to reduce allergic sensitization and the generation of AAD upon antigen challenge. These results provide additional insight into sBr's anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties and rationale for translation into the clinical arena.
Ecological Restoration and Reforestation of Fragmented Forests in Kianjavato, Madagascar
Authors: Manjaribe Christophe , Frasier Cynthia L. , Rakouth Bakolimalala , Louis Edward E.
Published: December 2013

A reforestation effort in Kianjavato Commune in southeast Madagascar is presented that combines native diversity with rapidly growing introduced and native pioneer trees. This work utilizes a three-tiered corridor design that capitalizes on the region’s mountainous terrain. The process of seed selection, transplantation, and survival rate of seedlings over a 16 month period is reported. The uppermost 50% of each mountain is planted with 38 woody species and most closely approximates native forest. This tier was divided into two categories, pioneer and secondary species. Most of the pioneer species were not native; however, results showed that four fast-growing, environmentally-tolerant native species could be suitable alternatives:Streblus mauritianus, Syzygium bernieri, Treculia madagascariensisandUapaca thouarsii. More than 70,000 seeds of secondary species were extracted from fecal samples from wild, free-ranging black and white ruffed lemurs; the majority of which germinated significantly better after gut passage. The most effective pretreatment that enhanced germination was to scarify unwashed seeds. Commercially valuable trees, belonging to the community members, were grown on the lower half of each mountain. Lastly, the various contributions of the community are described along with agroforestry development plans designed to reduce pressure on forest resources and generate supplemental income.
Dynamics of Intracellular Polymers in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes under Different Organic Carbon Concentrations
Authors: Xing Lizhen , Ren Li , Tang Bo , Wu Guangxue , Guan Yuntao
Published: December 2013

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) may deteriorate or fail during low organic carbon loading periods. Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) in EBPR were acclimated under both high and low organic carbon conditions, and then dynamics of polymers in typical cycles, anaerobic conditions with excess organic carbons, and endogenous respiration conditions were examined. After long-term acclimation, it was found that organic loading rates did not affect the yield of PAOs and the applied low organic carbon concentrations were advantageous for the enrichment of PAOs. A low influent organic carbon concentration induced a high production of extracellular carbohydrate. During both anaerobic and aerobic endogenous respirations, when glycogen decreased to around 80 ± 10 mg C per gram of volatile suspended solids, PAOs began to utilize polyphosphate significantly. Regressed by the first-order reaction model, glycogen possessed the highest degradation rate and then was followed by polyphosphate, while biomass decay had the lowest degradation rate.
Exploring Potential Chemical Transformation by Chemical Profiling Approach for Rapidly Evaluating Chemical Consistency between Sun-Dried and Sulfur-Fumigated Radix Paeoniae Alba Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jida , Cai Hao , Cao Gang , Liu Xiao , Wen Chengping , Fan Yongsheng
Published: December 2013

Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) based on a chemical profiling method was applied to rapidly evaluate the chemical consistency between sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Radix Paeoniae Alba. By virtue of the high resolution, high speed of UPLC, and the accurate mass measurement of TOFMS coupled with reliable MarkerLynx software, five newly assigned monoterpene glycoside sulfonates were found and identified in sulfur-fumigated Radix Paeoniae Alba samples. This method could be applied for rapid quality evaluation of different kinds of sulfur-fumigated Radix Paeoniae Alba among commercial samples.
Celiac Disease, Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma, and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in One Patient: A Very Rare Association and Review of the Literature
Authors: Majid N. , Bernoussi Z. , Mrabti H. , Errihani H.
Published: December 2013

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a very rare peripheral T-cell lymphoma which is mostly associated with celiac disease. However, the association of primary sclerosing cholangitis and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma is uncommon. Herein we report and discuss the first case of patient who presented simultaneously with these two rare diseases. It is a 54-year-old man who stopped gluten-free diet after 15 years history of celiac disease. The diagnosis was based on the histological examination of duodenal biopsy and the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis was made on liver biopsy, as well as the magnetic resonance cholangiogram. The treatment of EATL is mainly based on chemotherapy in addition to the optimal management of complications and adverse events that impact on the response to treatment and clinical outcomes, although the prognosis remains remarkably very poor.
Deposition of Doxorubicin in Rats following Administration of Three Newly Synthesized Doxorubicin Conjugates
Authors: Huan Menglei , Tian Shuang , Cui Han , Zhang Bangle , Su Dan , Wang Jieping , Li Kangchu , Cao Weidong
Published: December 2013

We previously reported the synthesis of three DOX conjugates that represented different targeting vehicles and showed them to have antitumor activity bothin vitroandin vivo. However, the relationships between the pharmacokinetics of these DOX conjugates and their chemical structures were not characterized. In the current study, free DOX derived from each of the conjugates was found at low levels in the rat circulatory system, with conjugated DOX being the major form. The two polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates slowly released DOX, andt1/2βfor total DOX from DOX-LNA, PEG-ami-DOX, and PEG-hyd-DOX was 5.79, 10.22, and 15.18 h, respectively. All three conjugates also deposited less DOX into normal organs than did an equivalent dose of free DOX, and theCmaxvalue of free DOX released by DOX- LNA, PEG-ami-DOX, and PEG-hyd-DOX was 32.5, 9.5, and 4.7 μg/g, respectively. Among the conjugates, the compound with an acid-labile bond between PEG and DOX exhibited the lowest free DOX deposition in healthy tissues, which should decrease the systemic toxicity of free DOX while allowing for tumor targeting by PEG.
CUL4A Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promotes Cancer Metastasis by Regulating ZEB1 Expression
Authors: Wang Yunshan , Wen Mingxin , Kwon Yongwon , Xu Yangyang , Liu Yueyong , Zhang Pengju , He Xiuquan , Wang Qin , Huang Yurong , Jen Kuang-Yu , LaBarge Mark A. , You Liang , Kogan Scott C. , Gray Joe W. , Mao Jian-Hua , Wei Guangwei
Published: December 2013

The ubiquitin ligase CUL4A has been implicated in tumorigenesis, but its contributions to progression and metastasis have not been evaluated. Here, we show that CUL4A is elevated in breast cancer as well as in ovarian, gastric, and colorectal tumors in which its expression level correlates positively with distant metastasis. CUL4A overexpression in normal or malignant human mammary epithelial cells increased their neoplastic properties in vitro and in vivo, markedly increasing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the metastatic capacity of malignant cells. In contrast, silencing CUL4A in aggressive breast cancer cells inhibited these processes. Mechanistically, we found that CUL4A modulated histone H3K4me3 at the promoter of the EMT regulatory gene ZEB1 in a manner associated with its transcription. ZEB1 silencing blocked CUL4A-driven proliferation, EMT, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Furthermore, in human breast cancers, ZEB1 expression correlated positively with CUL4A expression and distant metastasis. Taken together, our findings reveal a pivotal role of CUL4A in regulating the metastatic behavior of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res; 74(2); 520–31. ©2013 AACR.
Cell-Autonomous and Non–Cell-Autonomous Mechanisms of Transformation by Amplified FGFR1 in Lung Cancer
Authors: Malchers Florian , Dietlein Felix , Schöttle Jakob , Lu Xin , Nogova Lucia , Albus Kerstin , Fernandez-Cuesta Lynnette , Heuckmann Johannes M. , Gautschi Oliver , Diebold Joachim , Plenker Dennis , Gardizi Masyar , Scheffler Matthias , Bos Marc , Seidel Danila , Leenders Frauke , Richters André , Peifer Martin , Florin Alexandra , Mainkar Prathama S. , Karre Nagaraju , Chandrasekhar Srivari , George Julie , Silling Steffi , Rauh Daniel , Zander Thomas , Ullrich Roland T. , Reinhardt H. Christian , Ringeisen Francois , Büttner Reinhard , Heukamp Lukas C. , Wolf Jürgen , Thomas Roman K.
Published: December 2013

The 8p12 locus (containing the FGFR1 tyrosine kinase gene) is frequently amplified in squamous cell lung cancer. However, it is currently unknown which of the 8p12-amplified tumors are also sensitive to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibition. We found that, in contrast with other recurrent amplifications, the 8p12 region included multiple centers of amplification, suggesting marked genomic heterogeneity. FGFR1-amplified tumor cells were dependent on FGFR ligands in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ectopic expression of FGFR1 was oncogenic, which was enhanced by expression of MYC. We found that MYC was coexpressed in 40% of FGFR1-amplified tumors. Tumor cells coexpressing MYC were more sensitive to FGFR inhibition, suggesting that patients with FGFR1-amplified and MYC-overexpressing tumors may benefit from FGFR inhibitor therapy. Thus, both cell-autonomous and non–cell-autonomous mechanisms of transformation modulate FGFR dependency in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer, which may have implications for patient selection for treatment with FGFR inhibitors.

Significance: Amplification of FGFR1 is one of the most frequent candidate targets in lung cancer. Here, we show that multiple factors affect the tumorigenic potential of FGFR1, thus providing clinical hypotheses for refinement of patient selection. Cancer Discov; 4(2); 246–57. ©2013 AACR.

See related commentary by Lockwood and Politi, p. 152

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 131
Alu-Mediated Recombination Defect in IGF1R: Haploinsufficiency in a Patient with Short Stature
Authors: Harmel Eva-Maria , Binder Gerhard , Barnikol-Oettler Anja , Caliebe Janina , Kiess Wieland , Losekoot Monique , Ranke Michael B. , Rappold Gudrun A. , Schlicke Marina , Stobbe Heike , Wit Jan M. , Pfäffle Roland , Klammt Jürgen
Published: December 2013

Background: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor (IGF1R) is essential for normal development and growth. IGF1R mutations cause IGF-1 resistance resulting in intrauterine and postnatal growth failure. The phenotypic spectrum related to IGF1R mutations remains to be fully understood. Methods: Auxological and endocrinological data of a patient identified previously were assessed. The patient's fibroblasts were studied to characterize the IGF1R deletion, mRNA fate, protein expression and signalling capabilities. Results: The boy, who carries a heterozygous IGF1R exon 6 deletion caused by Alu element-mediated recombination and a heterozygous SHOX variant (p.Met240Ile), was born appropriate for gestational age but developed proportionate short stature postnatally. IGF-1 levels were low-normal. None of the stigmata associated with SHOX deficiency or sporadically observed in IGF1R mutation carriers were present. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay led to a substantial decline of IGF1R dosage and IGF-1-dependent receptor autophosphorylation but not impaired downstream signalling. Conclusion: We present the first detailed report of an intragenic IGF1R deletion identified in a patient who, apart from short stature, deviates from all established markers that qualify a growth-retarded child for IGF1R analysis. Although such children will usually escape routine clinical mutation screenings, they can contribute to the understanding of factors and mechanisms that cooperate with the IGF1R.
Dynamic Permeability and Quantitative Susceptibility
Authors: Mikati Abdul Ghani , Tan Huan , Shenkar Robert , Li Luying , Zhang Lingjiao , Guo Xiaodong , Larsson Henrik B.W. , Shi Changbin , Liu Tian , Wang Yi , Shah Akash , Edelman Robert R. , Christoforidis Gregory , Awad Issam
Published: December 2013

Background and Purpose—

Hyperpermeability and iron deposition are 2 central pathophysiological phenomena in human cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) disease. Here, we used 2 novel MRI techniques to establish a relationship between these phenomena.

Methods—

Subjects with CCM disease (4 sporadic and 17 familial) underwent MRI imaging using the dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative perfusion and quantitative susceptibility mapping techniques that measure hemodynamic factors of vessel leak and iron deposition, respectively, previously demonstrated in CCM disease. Regions of interest encompassing the CCM lesions were analyzed using these techniques.

Results—

Susceptibility measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping was positively correlated with permeability of lesions measured using dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative perfusion (
r
=0.49;
P
≤0.0001). The correlation was not affected by factors, including lesion volume, contrast agent, and the use of statin medication. Susceptibility was correlated with lesional blood volume (
r
=0.4;
P
=0.0001) but not with lesional blood flow.

Conclusions—

The correlation between quantitative susceptibility mapping and dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative perfusion suggests that the phenomena of permeability and iron deposition are related in CCM; hence, more leaky lesions also manifest a more cumulative iron burden. These techniques might be used as biomarkers to monitor the course of this disease and the effect of therapy.
Afterword: Hugo Ball's Theology
Authors: Vollgraff Matthew
Published: December 2013

In 1970, the jurist, ex-Nazi, and perennial cause célèbre Carl Schmitt was interviewed about his relationship to Hugo Ball. “Hugo Ball,” he reflected, “encountered a kind of brother in me. We both came from very Catholic families; and then we were dragged into the Wilhelmine age and had to see how we'd find our place. Each of us achieved this in our own way. This is how I explain the otherwise inexplicable enthusiasm of his essay.” The essay in question is “Carl Schmitt's Political Theology,” published in 1924 and translated into English here for the first time. Ball's review was one of the first-ever published examinations of Schmitt's work, one that even today reveals new aspects of his theologico-political theory.
Towards a model of critical information literacy instruction for the development of political agency
Authors: Smith Lauren
Published: December 2013

Critical pedagogy is an educational movement which gives people the opportunity to develop the knowledge, skills and sense of responsibility necessary to engage in a culture of questioning. These abilities are of benefit to young people, increasing their political agency through heightened awareness of social injustice and the means by which to communicate and challenge this. A central feature of the critical pedagogical approach is critical literacy, which teaches analysis and critiquing skills. Critical literacy has been recommended by a number of authors as a valuable aspect to include in information literacy (IL) instruction. Critical IL could contribute to enabling the development of political agency and increasing meaningful and active involvement in democratic processes. With the focus on the value of IL becoming increasingly important within library and information science (LIS), it is important to be aware of its roots, the problems yet to be overcome and to consider ways in which the concept can be developed. The paper argues that it is necessary for IL to adopt a critical approach in order to meaningfully engage with the democratic social goals of LIS and address some of the limitations of IL theories. The paper focuses on the ways in which the theory of critical IL may be of benefit to young people of secondary school age, in terms of increasing their political agency through increased critical abilities, channeling their perceived political cynicism and distrust into critical thinking and a sense of agency, increased political knowledge, efficacy and participation. It is suggested that libraries could contribute to critical IL instruction in partnership with young people and people in teaching and parenting roles, and that it is important for the LIS profession and discipline to embrace the inherently political nature of pedagogy and LIS practices to effectively apply critical theories. Further research into the ways in which IL can contribute to democratic goals would be of benefit. A current PhD research project which explores a methodology for identifying the needs of young people in order to apply critical IL practices for political agency is introduced. This paper is based on a presentation given at LILAC 2013.
The Madden–Julian Oscillation’s Impacts on Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Klotzbach Philip J.
Published: December 2013

The 30–60-day Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) has been documented in previous research to impact tropical cyclone (TC) activity for various tropical cyclone basins around the globe. The MJO modulates large-scale convective activity throughout the tropics, and concomitantly modulates other fields known to impact tropical cyclone activity such as vertical wind shear, midlevel moisture, vertical motion, and sea level pressure. The Atlantic basin typically shows the smallest modulations in most large-scale fields of any tropical cyclone basins; however, it still experiences significant modulations in tropical cyclone activity. The convectively enhanced phases of the MJO and the phases immediately following them are typically associated with above-average tropical cyclone frequency for each of the global TC basins, while the convectively suppressed phases of the MJO are typically associated with below-average tropical cyclone frequency. The number of rapid intensification periods are also shown to increase when the convectively enhanced phase of the MJO is impacting a particular tropical cyclone basin.
Psychosocial and Adaptive Deficits Associated With Learning Disability Subtypes
Authors: Backenson Erica M. , Holland Sara C. , Kubas Hanna A. , Fitzer Kim R. , Wilcox Gabrielle , Carmichael Jessica A. , Fraccaro Rebecca L. , Smith Amanda D. , Macoun Sarah J. , Harrison Gina L. , Hale James B.
Published: December 2013

Children with specific learning disabilities (SLD) have deficits in the basic psychological processes that interfere with learning and academic achievement, and for some SLD subtypes, these deficits can also lead to emotional and/or behavior problems. This study examined psychosocial functioning in 123 students, aged 6 to 11, who underwent comprehensive evaluations for learning and/or behavior problems in two Pacific Northwest school districts. Using concordance-discordance model (C-DM) processing strengths and weaknesses SLD identification criteria, results revealed working memory SLD ( n = 20), processing speed SLD ( n = 30), executive SLD ( n = 32), and no disability groups ( n = 41). Of the SLD subtypes, repeated measures MANOVA results revealed the processing speed SLD subtype exhibited the greatest psychosocial and adaptive impairment according to teacher behavior ratings. Findings suggest processing speed deficits may be behind the cognitive and psychosocial disturbances found in what has been termed “nonverbal” SLD. Limitations, implications, and future research needs are addressed.
Improvement in daytime sleepiness with clarithromycin in patients with GABA-related hypersomnia: Clinical experience
Authors: Trotti Lynn Marie , Saini Prabhjyot , Freeman Amanda A , Bliwise Donald L , García Paul S , Jenkins Andrew , Rye David B
Published: December 2013

The macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin can enhance central nervous system excitability, possibly by antagonism of GABA-A receptors. Enhancement of GABA signaling has recently been demonstrated in a significant proportion of patients with central nervous system hypersomnias, so we sought to determine whether clarithromycin might provide symptomatic benefit in these patients. We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated with clarithromycin for hypersomnia, in whom cerebrospinal fluid enhanced GABA-A receptor activity in vitro in excess of controls, excluding those with hypocretin deficiency or definite cataplexy. Subjective reports of benefit and objective measures of psychomotor vigilance were collected to assess clarithromycin’s effects. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared in responders and non-responders. In total, 53 patients (38 women, mean age 35.2 (SD 12.8 years)) were prescribed clarithromycin. Of these, 34 (64%) reported improvement in daytime sleepiness, while 10 (19%) did not tolerate its side effects, and nine (17%) found it tolerable but without symptomatic benefit. In those who reported subjective benefit, objective corroboration of improved vigilance was evident on the psychomotor vigilance task. Twenty patients (38%) elected to continue clarithromycin therapy. Clarithromycin responders were significantly younger than non-responders. Clarithromycin may be useful in the treatment of hypersomnia associated with enhancement of GABA-A receptor function. Further evaluation of this novel therapy is needed.
Australia’s Engagement with Asia: Strategic or Transactional?
Authors: Thakur Ramesh
Published: December 2013

The ebb and flow of coping with Australia’s identity dilemma as a European settler society located on the geographical edge of Asia leads to bouts of agonising, excitement and temporising. This has been given particular cogency with the power shift underway from the trans-Atlantic to the Asia-Pacific. The 2012 White Paper set 25 national objectives to be met by 2025, with targets ranging from improving trade links and increasing scholarships to teaching priority Asian languages. But in this transactional embrace of Asia that highlights economic and trade links, gaps might open up between ambition and delivery, especially amidst continuing evidence of insensitivity to how Asians forge lasting relationships. Ties with China are dominated by trade but security concerns remain. Relations with India should improve with the removal of the nuclear issue as an irritant and growing trade and tourist numbers. Japan remains an important trade and diplomatic partner. And geography and demography ensure that Indonesia is no less important to Australia than Asia’s big three.
India and ASEM: The Quest for Membership
Authors: Jain Rajendra K.
Published: December 2013

Indian membership of the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) represents an interesting case study of identity and exclusion of a major Asian country from a key interregional forum. Examining the vicissitudes of India’s decade-long quest for membership of ASEM since its inception, this article highlights how the exclusionary definition of Asia in Western and Asian discourses kept India out of regional entities. It discusses the arguments of Asian and Western critics of Indian membership in ASEM and concludes that India’s purposeful and constructive Look East Policy since the early 1990s and membership of the East Asian Summit facilitated Indian membership of ASEM.
India’s Internal Security Situation: Threats and Responses
Authors: Manoharan N.
Published: December 2013

Challenges to internal security of India are numerous. The extent and scope of threats are complex, varied and vast. No other country in the world confronts so many threats, with so much intensity, at the same time. Overall, more than 50 per cent of India is said to be affected by one or the other of these threats, which are not just ‘law and order’ problems. They have increasing external dimension falsifying conventional wisdom that internal security threats are caused mainly by internal sources. They threaten the body politic like a ‘cancer’. The state of poor internal security situation is not because of India’s unfavourable strategic environment but also due to weak internal security mechanism, especially its criminal justice system. In this context, the article argues that if appropriate actions are not taken, the threats may result in the gradual degradation of the Indian State. It suggests renewed set of policies and mechanisms in political, economic, socio-cultural, military and diplomatic arena.
Astrogliopathology
Authors: Verkhratsky Alexei , Rodríguez José J. , Steardo Luca
Published: December 2013

Astroglia are the homoeostatic cells of the central nervous system that control a normal function of synaptically connected neuronal networks and contribute to brain defense. Recent advances in comprehension of pathological potential of astroglia indicate that astrocytes are fundamental for most (if not all) neurological diseases. Neuropathological and neuroimaging studies demonstrate prominent astroglial atrophy and astroglial asthenia occurring in most of neuropsychiatric illnesses. In chronic diseases such as schizophrenia and major depression, decrease in astroglial numbers and functional capabilities are, arguably, fundamental for pathological developments being responsible for neurotransmitter disbalance and failures in connectivity within neural networks. In neurodegenerative diseases atrophic changes in astrocytes are complemented by astrogliosis triggered by specific lesions such as senile plaques or dying neurons, these two processes contributing to cognitive decline and ultimately neuronal death. It is therefore possible to hypothesize that neuropsychiatric diseases represent a chronic astrogliopathology, which compromises glial homeostatic and defensive capabilities, and the degree and the alacrity of gliodegenerative changes define the progression and outcome of these disorders.
Clinical evaluation of alfaxalone to induce and maintain anaesthesia in cats undergoing neutering procedures
Authors: Beths Thierry , Touzot-Jourde Gwenola , Musk Gabrielle , Pasloske Kirby
Published: December 2013

This study looked at the use and efficacy of alfaxalone for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in cats. Following intramuscular medetomidine (20 μg/kg) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) premedication, anaesthesia was induced and maintained with intravenous alfaxalone. Patients were breathing 100% oxygen. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), end-tidal carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation of haemoglobin and indirect arterial blood pressure via Doppler (DAP) were recorded every 5 mins. Thirty-four cats (10 males and 24 females), between the age of 6 and 18 months, and weighing between 1.8 and 5.3 kg, and undergoing neutering procedures were included in this study. The results are presented as median (min, max) values. The time to first spontaneous movement (TS) was >30 mins in 19 cats, of which 12 received atipamezole for reversal of the effects of medetomidine. The TS was 53 (43, 130) mins in these 12 cats and 50 (40, 72) mins in the other seven cats. The body temperature in those 19 cats was significantly lower than the other cats ( P = 0.05). The alfaxalone induction dose and maintenance infusion rate were1.7 (0.7, 3.0) mg/kg and 0.18 (0.06, 0.25) mg/kg/min, respectively. The HR, RR and DAP were 145 (68, 235) beats/min, 17 (5, 40) breaths/min and 110 (58, 210) mmHg, respectively. Apnoea was not observed in any cat. In conclusion, alfaxalone TIVA in combination with medetomidine and morphine premedication was effective in feral and domestic cats for the performance of neutering surgery; low body temperature might have resulted in longer recoveries in some cats.
Improvement of in-hospital telemetry monitoring in coronary care units: An intervention study for achieving optimal electrode placement and attachment, hygiene and delivery of critical information to patients
Authors: Pettersen Trond R , Fålun Nina , Norekvål Tone M
Published: December 2013

Background:

In-hospital telemetry monitoring is important for diagnosis and treatment of patients at risk of developing life-threatening arrhythmias. It is widely used in critical and non-critical care wards. Nurses are responsible for correct electrode placement, thus ensuring optimal quality of the monitoring. The aims of this study were to determine whether a complex educational intervention improves (a) optimal electrode placement, (b) hygiene, and (c) delivery of critical information to patients (reason for monitoring, limitations in cellular phone use, and not to leave the ward without informing a member of staff).

Methods:

A prospective interventional study design was used, with data collection occurring over two six-week periods: before implementation of the intervention ( n=201) and after the intervention ( n=165). Standard abstraction forms were used to obtain data on patients’ clinical characteristics, and 10 variables related to electrode placement and attachment, hygiene and delivery of critical information.

Results:

At pre-intervention registration, 26% of the electrodes were misplaced. Twelve per cent of the patients received information about limiting their cellular phone use while monitored, 70% were informed of the purpose of monitoring, and 71% used a protective cover for their unit. Post-intervention, outcome measures for the three variables improved significantly: use of protective cover ( p<0.001), information about the purpose of monitoring ( p=0.005) and information about limitations in cellular phone use ( p=0.003). Nonetheless, 23% of the electrodes were still misplaced.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the need for better, continued education for in-hospital telemetry monitoring in coronary care units, and other units that monitor patients with telemetry.
Is the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme effective at delivering the International Baccalaureate mission statement?
Authors: Lineham Richard
Published: December 2013

The International Baccalaureate (IB) organisation, through its three programmes (Primary Years Programme, Middle Years Programme and pre-university Diploma Programme), aims to develop students who contribute to a more peaceful world through promoting intercultural understanding and respect. The aim of the study on which this article is based was to examine the extent to which the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) is effective at delivering the IB mission statement. Literature has first been reviewed in order to explore the aims of international education and how curricula and school systems can influence the development of values within students. Within the review, concepts are explored and compared to the IBDP. The literature review concludes with a model reflecting the influences on the promotion of international education within a school. The article then describes a case study carried out in an international school that delivers the IBDP, using a mixed methods approach with an exploratory sequential design. A small number of IBDP students were interviewed, and the findings of these interviews were triangulated using a questionnaire completed by all Diploma Programme students in the case study school. The results of the student interviews and questionnaires were used as the basis for ascertaining the ways in which the IBDP has influenced student attitudes.The study concludes that the values of the students in question were moving towards those expressed in the IB mission statement. The significance of different elements of the school curriculum and the school environment for the development of values within the student population has been highlighted as an area for possible further research.