bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promjene u kemijskom sastavu i reološkim svojstvima pšenice tijekom skladištenja
Authors: Kurtović Katarina , Matković Ana , Jukić Željko , Jukić Karmen
Published: July 2019

Pšenica (Triticum aestivum L.) je jedna od najvažnijih ratarskih kultura u Hrvatskoj. Nakon žetve, sprema se u skladišta u kojima ostaje do trenutka prerade u mlinske proizvode. Dokazano je, da je kakvoća pšenice nešto slabija odmah nakon žetve i da je potrebno da pšenica određeno vrijeme ostane uskladištena. To razdoblje koje se još naziva i posliježetveno dozrijevanje, traje različito za različite sorte. Tijekom tog razdoblja ali i tijekom skladištenja zrna pšenice do prerade, određeni čimbenici mogu pozitivno, ali i negativno utjecati na proteine, ugljikohidrate, lipide, hektolitarsku masu, svojstva mljevenja i reološka svojstva. Cilj ovog rada je korištenjem znanstvene literature prikazati koji čimbenici i na koji način utječu na promjenu ugljikohidrata, masti i proteina tijekom skladištenja pšenice te dinamiku poboljšanja reoloških svojstava pšenice od uskladištenja do početka prerade.
Calcium status in orange coloured carrot root on the market in the city of Zagreb
Authors: Petek Marko , Jajetić Andrea , Herak Ćustić Mirjana , Vrankić Ivana , Fabek Uher Sanja , Karažija Tomislav
Published: July 2019

Mrkva je povrtna kultura iz porodice štitarki i izrazito je bitna u ljudskoj prehrani zbog nutritivnog sastava njezinog korijena. Minerali zastupljeni u korijenu su kalij, kalcij, željezo, fosfor i jod. Kalcij je makroelement koji u biljkama ima brojne fiziološke uloge i nalazi se u brojnim staničnim organelama: mitohondriju, kloroplastima i ribosomima. Važnost kalcija u tlu odražava se kroz utjecaj na pH tla, utječe na raspoloživost pojedinih elemenata i ima ulogu u održavanju strukture tla. Kalcij se u ljudskom organizmu najvećim dijelom nalazi u strukturi kostiju i zuba. Sudjeluje u raznim fiziološkim procesima: u kontrakciji mišićnih vlakana, prijenosu živčanih impulsa, kontroli krvnog tlaka, sprječava razvoj osteoporoze u starijoj dobi i razvoj rahitisa kod djece zajedno s vitaminom D. Potrošači nemaju mogućnost uvida u stvarni mineralni sastav povrća prilikom kupnje te je provedeno istraživanje s ciljem utvrđivanja količine kalcija u narančasto obojenom korijenu mrkve kao i usporedba rezultata s obzirom na mjesto kupnje. Uzorkovanje mrkve provodilo se na 15 prodajnih mjesta u gradu Zagrebu: 5 trgovačkih lanaca, 5 tržnica i 5 trgovina ekološkim proizvodima. Kalcij je nakon digestije koncentriranom HNO3 i HClO4 u mikrovalnoj peći određen atomskom apsorpcijskom spektrometrijom. Količina kalcija kretala se u rasponu od 0,25% do 0,57% Ca u suhoj tvari, odnosno od 22,02 do 63,35 mg Ca 100 g-1 svježe tvari. Općenito, najveće vrijednosti kalcija utvrđene su u uzorcima korijena mrkve iz trgovačkih lanaca (0,41% Ca u suhoj tvari, odnosno 41,31 mg Ca 100 g-1 svježe tvari).
Istraživanje kemijskog sastava i kvalitete plodova sorti jabuka na M podlogama
Authors: Miljković Ivo
Published: July 2019

Istraživanje kemijskog sastava i kvalitete plodova sedam sorti jabuka na
šest M podloga obavljena su tijekom dvije godine u pokusnom voćnjaku na
Fakultetskom pokusnom i nastavnom dobru Jazbina kraj Zagreba. Istraživanja su provođena na sortama: Boskoop, Kanada, Jonathan, London pepping, Ljepocvjetka, Mašanka i Zlatna zimska parmenka cijepljenih na podlogama: M 1, M 2, M 4, M 5, M 9 i M 11. Pokusni voćnjak podignut je po metodi randomiziranog bloka u četiri repeticije. U svakoj repeticiji bilo je zastupljeno po pet stabala u kombinaciji sorta podloga, odnosno 20 stabala svake sorte na svakoj podlozi. Stabla s kojih su uzimani uzorci plodova za analizu uzgojena su u obliku popravljene vaze, a bila su dobro razvijena i u punoj rodnosti. Istraživanja su obuhvatila: topivu suhu tvar, ukupne šećere, titracijsku kiselost, jabučnu kiselinu i
pH vrijednost. Kvaliteta plodova određena je analizom sklada između količine ukupnih šećera (g/l) i količine jabučne kiseline (g/l) po metodi Thiault. Pod utjecajem podloge nisu utvrđene signifikantne razlike u količini ukupnih šećera i kiselina u plodovima istraživanih sorti. Manje razlike u količini ukupnih šećera i kiselina utvrđene su pod utjecajem klimatskih prilika godine, ali ne i pod utjecajem podloge u
istoj godini. Po količini ukupnih šećera istraživane sorte možemo svrstati u tri skupine. Najviše, odnosno podjednako, ukupnih šećera sadrže plodovi Boskopa i Kanade (od 14,5 do 15,0 %), zatim plodovi Zlatne zimske parmenke (od 13,0 do 13,9), a podjednako plodovi Ljepocvjetke, Jonathana, London peppinga i Mašanke (od 11,5 do 12,5). Između naznačene tri skupine sorata utvrđena je signifikantna razlika na
razini LSD P=5%. Najviše kiseline sadrže plodovi Boskopa i Kanade (od 6,5 do 7,5 g/l), zatim Zlatne zimske parmenke (od 5,5 do 6,0 g/l), podjednako Jonathana i Ljepocvjetke, (4,5 do 5,0 g/l), a najmanje, odnosno podjednako Mašanke i London pepping (3,5 do 4,5 g/l). Između tri
skupine sorti utvrđena je signifikantna razlika na razini LSD P=5%. Istim redoslijedom razvrstani su plodovi po kvaliteti na osnovi odnosa šećera (g/l) i jabučne kiseline (g/l).
Understanding Critical Information Literacy through Social Epistemology
Authors: Nord Martin I.
Published: July 2019

Critical theoretical approaches to information literacy are an important part of the growing LIS focus on the context of information. This concern for information’s social environment and the awareness of new models of interaction between learners and librarians open the possibility for using social epistemology to better understand information literacy.
The concept of social epistemology—the study of the ways in which an individual’s knowledge is shaped by their interactions with the world around them—has long been part of epistemology. However, LIS theorists Margaret Egan and Jesse Shera, who coined the term, intended it to address librarianship specifically. This paper argues that social epistemology is well positioned to strengthen the critical practice of information literacy, based both on the social epistemological characteristics of critical theory and the information literacy aspects of the social epistemology stream in the field of philosophy.
A review of the critical theoretical trend in LIS literature on information literacy reveals an already-present social epistemological foundation on which LIS research can build to expand the application of critical theory to information literacy. Placing this literature in conversation with itself illuminates the ways in which engagement with social epistemological concerns is already evolving. This paper then critiques the literature and highlights some concerns. Recognition of these weaknesses in otherwise valuable work alerts us to opportunities for improvement. This paper suggests that future progress will be tied to better understanding of the social context of knowledge.
A Survey Exploring the Perceptions of Academic Librarians as Researchers
Authors: Babb Maureen
Published: July 2019

This study examines the perceptions of academic librarian research at six Canadian prairie-province universities. An understanding of how librarian research is viewed and valued at academic institutions can lay the groundwork to improve the state of librarian research in the future. Surveys were sent to librarians and non-librarian faculty in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences at these universities to gather information about how both groups perceive academic librarian research. Thirty librarians and 30 non-librarian faculty responded to the survey. In general, research was viewed as an important and positive aspect of librarianship, though one that was of secondary importance to service. Non-librarian faculty largely lacked awareness about librarian research, and librarians reported being unsupported in their research needs by their institutions. Librarian research collaboration with non-librarian faculty was of high interest to both groups of respondents. The results of this survey highlight the importance of research to academic librarianship while indicating that there is room for further improvement by raising the profile of librarian research outside of the library, fostering collaborative research projects, and providing librarians with the support necessary to engage in research activities.
Factores asociados a la citología anormal del cérvix. Liga contra el cáncer, Lima-Perú, 2010-2014
Authors: Cosser-Herrera Mario Ernesto , Loayza-Alarico Manuel Jesús , Navarrete-Mejía Pedro Javier
Published: July 2019

Objetivos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores asociados a la citología anormal del cérvix en la Liga Contra el Cáncer Lima-Perú, 2010-2014, determinando la prevalencia de la citología anormal asociada a las características socio demográficas de las pacientes.Materiales y Métodos. Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, analítico, retrospectivo de corte transversal, diseño no experimental. Se estudió 206,203 citologías de cérvix como población total, el instrumento de recolección de datos fue una ficha confeccionada a partir de la historia clínica de cada paciente. Para el análisis se hizo uso de estadística descriptiva y de pruebas estadísticas analíticas. Resultados. La edad media fue de 47 años con una DS±13 años, se encontró 1,80% de prevalencia de citología anormal, el mayor porcentaje de esta citología estuvo en el rango de edad de 15 a 24 años con 3,06%, que a su vez presentó el mayor porcentaje lesión intraepitelial de bajo grado con 3,04%, y el mayor porcentaje de lesión intraepitelial de alto grado estuvo en rango de edad de 35 a 49 años con 0,34%. Se identificó como factores asociados, principalmente el inicio de relaciones sexuales a temprana edad (13 a 15 años) con un p=0,001, el número de parejas sexuales (3 a más) con un p=0,001 y el nivel socioeconómico, a menor nivel mayor prevalencia de citología anormal. Conclusiones. Se identificó como factores asociados a la citología anormal, a aquellos relacionados a la sexualidad y nivel socioeconómico, determinándose la prevalencia de esta citología anormal en 1,80%.
Fibroma primario de trompa de falopio. Reporte de caso
Authors: Valladares-Gutiérrez Elías Alexis , Valeriano-Alvarado Christian
Published: July 2019

Los fibromas de la trompa de Falopio son tumores benignos extremadamente poco frecuentes. La mayoría son asintomáticos y se encuentran incidentalmente. Frecuentemente son manejados con laparotomía. Se presenta un caso muy raro de fibroma extrauterino, dependiente del istmo de la trompa de Falopio izquierda en una mujer de 53 años; que tuvo los diagnósticos preoperatorios de probable fibroma de ovario y como segunda probabilidad mioma uterino parasitario y fue tratada por laparotomía con biopsia por congelación. La ecografía transvaginal mostró una masa compleja de bordes definidos a predomino sólido con componente quístico claramente separada del útero con flujo tumoral periférico e impedancia al flujo sanguíneo normal al estudio doppler; mientras que la tomografía espiral multicorte mostró una lesión expansiva sólida con componente quístico de 12,8 por 6,5 cm dependiente de anexo izquierdo. El nivel sérico del CA 125  y  todas las otras pruebas de laboratorio estuvieron dentro de los límites normales. En el intraoperatorio y en la anatomía patológica no se encontró dependencia uterina alguna y la histología diagnosticó fibroma primario de trompa uterina.
Perbandingan Prediksi Tinggi Muka Air Bendungan Wonogiri dengan Single Exponential Smoothing dan Brownâ€™s Exponential Smoothing
Authors: Vulandari Retno Tri , Wati Dwi Rema , W Yustina Retno , Wijayanto Hendro , YS Wawan Laksito
Published: July 2019

Intensitas hujan tahunan di daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Bengawan Solomengakibatkan debit aliran sungai besar di beberapa anak sungai. Debit aliransungai yang besar mengakibatkan tinggi muka air di beberapa pos pemantauanmeningkat. Tinggi muka air di setiap pos pemantauan diukur setiap hari denganperiode yang sama, pagi (06.00), siang (12.00), dan sore (18.00). oleh karena itu dataÂ tinggi muka air merupakan data runtun waktu. Salah satu metode peramalan dataÂ runtun waktu adalah single exponential smoothing dan Brownâ€™s double exponentialÂ smoothing. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan pemodelan data tinggi muka airÂ sungai Bengawan Solo pada pos pemantauan Wonogiri Juni â€“ Desember 2018.
Mathematical problem-solving abilities of deaf student in solving non-routine problems
Authors: Leton Samuel Igo , Lakapu Meryani , Dosinaeng Wilfridus Beda Nuba
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa tunarungu kelas VIII dalam menyelesaikan masalah non rutin yang berkaitan dengan masalah pecahan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain case study. Pengambilan subyek dilakukan secara purposive sebanyak 6 orang pada tiga Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) B yakni SLB B Karya Murni Ruteng, SMPLB Negeri Semarang dan SLB B Don Bosco Wonosobo.. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes pemecahan masalah dan wawancara. Hasil analisis terhadap data hasil pekerjaan dan data wawancara, diperoleh bahwa kemampuan-kemampuan matematis yang muncul pada subyek dalam menyelesaikan masalah antara lain; (1) ada kecenderungan bahwa dalam membangun pemahaman terhadap masalah, subyek merepresentasikan masalah melalui gambar, dapat mengungkapkan apa yang diketahui dan apa yang ditanyakan, mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur yang diketahui, dan menyatakan kembali masalah dalam bahasa yang lebih sederhana; (2) Subyek dapat melakukan elaborasi yakni  mengaitkan informasi dengan pengetahuan yang telah terbentuk; (3) Jika siswa tunarungu dapat menyelesaikan masalah, maka untuk menyelesaikan masalah cenderung menggunakan gambar dan menggunakan cara membilang. Dengan demikian, disimpulkan bahwa siswa tunarungu dapat menyelesaikan soal non-rutin dengan tingkat kesulitan tinggi dengan terlebih dahulu memvisualisasikan masalah dalam bentuk gambar dan menulis kembali dalam bentuk kalimat sederhana.
PENGGUNAAN IMUNOSTIMULAN DALAM BIDANG DERMATOVENEREOLOGI
Authors: - Martinus , Agustin Triana , Dachlan Aida Sofiati , Halim Evita
Published: July 2019

Imunitas terdiri atas 2 jenis yaitu imunitas alamiah dan imunitas didapat. Imunomodulator adalah semua obat yang dapat memodifikasi respons imun, menstimulasi mekanisme pertahanan alamiah dan adaptif, dan dapat berfungsi baik sebagai imunosupresan maupun imunostimulan. Imunostimulan atau imunostimulator adalah substansi (obat dan nutrien) yang menstimulasi sistem imun dengan meningkatkan aktivitas komponen sistem imun untuk melawan infeksi dan penyakit. Terdapat beberapa imunostimulan yang digunakan dalam bidang dermatologivenereologi, meliputi levamisol, simetidin, isoprinosin, talidomid, sitokin rekombinan, dan vaksin BCG. Masing-masing obat memiliki mekanisme kerja, indikasi dan efek simpang yang berbeda, baik sebagai monoterapi maupun terapi kombinasi dengan terapi lain. Talidomid memiliki peran sebagai antiinflamasi, imunomodulator, dan antiangiogenik, tergantung dari komponen respons imun yang dipengaruhi. Pengunaan talidomid harus mempertimbangkan rasio manfaat berbanding risiko bagi pasien, khususnya dalam penggunaan jangka panjang. Beberapa obat telah disetujui penggunaannya oleh badan yang berwenang di beberapa negara. Namun masih tetap dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai efektivitas imunostimulan pada berbagai penyakit kulit dan efek simpang yang ditimbulkan dalam penggunaan jangka panjang.Kata kunci: Imunostimulan, sistem imun
Effects of Biostimulant and Organic Amendment on Soil Properties and Nutrient Status of Lactuca Sativa in a Calcareous Saline-Sodic Soil
Authors: Karapouloutidou Sofia , Gasparatos Dionisios
Published: July 2019

Many studies have reported the advantages of alternative agricultural practices using more environmentally-friendly products to ameliorate the negative impacts of salinity and sodicity, but few have examined the effects of these products in saline-sodic soils with high soil organic matter (SOM) content. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of biostimulant (Actiwave) and organic amendment (Corresal Plus) product on soil properties and on the nutrient content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). A pot study with a calcareous saline-sodic soil was conducted using a completely randomized design with six treatments: Two rates of the biostimulant (ActA: 10 l ha−1 and ActB: 15 l ha−1), three rates of the amendment (CorA: 10 l ha−1, CorB: 15 l ha−1 and CorC: 50 l ha−1) and a control treatment. The application of Actiwave reduced soil electrical conductivity (E.C.), soil exchangeable Na and soluble Cl. It also increased leaf N and Zn content. On the other hand, the higher dose of Corresal Plus reduced soil pH and soil exchangeable Na and increased soil NO3-N. Additionally, CorC treatment decreased leaf Cl and increased leaf N content enhancing lettuce growth.. However, in most cases, the two products did not provoke significant changes indicating that their positive effects were probably masked by the high SOM content and the calcareous nature of the studied soil.
Multi-Factor Diagnostic and Recommendation System for Boron in Neutral and Acidic Soils
Authors: Dupré Richardly Lenz Clove , Khiari Lotfi , Gallichand Jacques , Joseph Claude Alla
Published: July 2019

Despite its inconveniences, the most recognized method to extract boron from soils is that of hot water extraction (BHW), which is used for diagnostics and recommendations. However, the Mehlich-3 (M3) method is widely used to extract and diagnose several elements at once (P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, B, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) and is well adapted to routine analyses. The objective of our study was to develop a soil diagnostic and recommendation system for boron as a function of measured BM3 (and other interacting elements), crop type, and spreading methods. This system is based on three databases from either the international literature or the chemical characterization of acidic-to-neutral soils typical from Québec (Canada). The first database came from the characterization of 365 samples typical of Québec soils; it has been used to predict, by the AutoML (Automatic Machine Learnig) supervised learning algorithm, BM3 as a function of a set of parameters from the following: BHW, pHW, organic carbon (OC), CaM3, KM3, and MgM3. Depending on the parameters used, the R2 between the measured and observed BM3 varied from 0.36 to 0.99. This database allowed us to define two classifications for soil boron diagnostics and fertility evaluation. The Cate–Nelson analysis for these two models allowed us to define three boron fertility classes: Low, medium and high; that is 0.00–0.23, 0.23–0.58, and 0.58–3.70 mg B kg−1, respectively, for BHW, and 0.00–0.65, 0.65–1.03, and 1.03–12.70 mg B kg−1, respectively, for BM3. The third database was extracted from 130 yield responses to increasing levels of boron; it was used to define a recommendation model for boron, based on AutoML, as a function of BM3, pHW, the crop boron requirement (medium, high), and the type of spreading (broadcast, sidedress, foliar spraying). This model resulted in an R2 of 0.63.
Development and Application of Seed Coating Agent for the Control of Major Soil-Borne Diseases Infecting Wheat
Authors: Ren Xue-Xiang , Chen Chao , Ye Zheng-He , Su Xian-Yan , Xiao Jin-Jing , Liao Min , Cao Hai-Qun
Published: July 2019

In order to reduce the usage amount of pesticide fertilizers and protect the natural environment, seed coating agents are receiving increased wide concern. In this study, the active constituent (pesticide) and inactive components (surfactants and film former) of the seed coating agents were screened and optimized by the wet sand processing superfine grinding method. The fungal inhibition test of pesticides showed that thifluzamide, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, and difenoconazole have an obvious fungal inhibitory effect on wheat sharp eyespot, take-all, and root rot. LAE-9 and polyacrylamide + carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is recommended for the safe surfactant and film former, respectively, based on the seed germination test. Moreover, 6% difenoconazole · fludioxonil flowable concentrate for seed coating (FSC) stimulates the seedling growth of wheat, advances the growth of root, and improves biomass in the field trial, meanwhile, the control efficiency reached above 80%. Thus, we suggested it can be used as an effective seed coating agent for the control of soil-borne diseases in wheat. The seed coating agent has the characteristics of disease prevention, increasing crop yield, and safety of environment, which is of significance in practical application.
Transition from Conventional Broiler Meat to Meat from Production Concepts with Higher Animal Welfare: Experiences from The Netherlands
Authors: Saatkamp Helmut W. , Vissers Luuk S. M. , van Horne Peter L. M. , de Jong Ingrid C.
Published: July 2019

Since the 1970s, animal welfare (AW) in Dutch broiler production has been criticized by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the general public. Despite the development of production concepts aimed at improving AW, the conventional concept, which satisfied only the minimum legal requirements, remained by far the most dominant one in the Dutch fresh broiler meat market. Then, quite suddenly, in 2014–2015 (i.e., within less than two years), a new broiler concept with increased AW was introduced, which included a slower growing animal, more space, and an improved light regime. This alternative completely replaced the by then conventional concept. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin, causes, and driving forces of this sudden change. Popular and scientific literature, as well as interviews with key players in this transition process, were used to re-construct the chronology of events and draw the main and decisive findings. The latter include: (1) The availability of a cost-efficient alternative to conventional concepts, (2) a basic willingness to change within the entire value chain (including consumers), (3) initiating and triggering actions by NGOs, (4) decisive initiatives by retailers and (5) simultaneous introduction of the new concept and replacement of the conventional concept (i.e., depriving the consumer of a cheaper choice alternative). The result was a real transition of the Dutch fresh meat market without negative purchasing responses of the consumers. It was concluded that, although the Dutch fresh broiler meat market only included 30% of total domestic production, the existence of the abovementioned decisive factors could bring about an important change in favor of AW within a short period of time.
Variance in Stallion Semen Quality among Equestrian Sporting Disciplines and Competition Levels
Authors: Wilson Megan , Williams Jess , Montrose V. Tamara , Williams Jane
Published: July 2019

Most stallions within breeding programmes are expected to breed and compete concurrently. The exercising of stallions with regards to training regimes during the breeding season is a controversial subject. Daily exercise at low intensities is important for the mental and reproductive well-being of the stallion, however higher intensities of exercise, as seen in competing stallions, may have detrimental effects on seminal quality. To calculate if competition does affect semen quality, this study investigated the effect that equestrian discipline and timing of competition had on a range of stallion semen characteristics. This was a retrospective study that evaluated the seminal data of 1130 stallion semen collections from two UK based stud farms between 2009 and 2016. Competing stallion semen quality was significantly lower with regards to concentration (p < 0.05) and progressive motility (p < 0.05) than non-competing stallions. Semen volume was higher in competing stallions (p < 0.05) than non-competing stallions. There was a significant difference in seminal attributes among disciplines and competition levels (p < 0.05). The difference in semen quality among competing and non-competing stallions, as well as the difference among disciplines suggests endocrinological and physiological changes occur in relation to training intensity and competition.
A Protocol for the Ethical Assessment of Wild Animal–Visitor Interactions (AVIP) Evaluating Animal Welfare, Education, and Conservation Outcomes
Authors: de Mori Barbara , Ferrante Linda , Florio Daniela , Macchi Elisabetta , Pollastri Ilaria , Normando Simona
Published: July 2019

Due to the popularity of wild animal–visitor interactions (AVIs), there is a need for an ethical assessment of their impact on animal welfare, education, and conservation. The protocol presented in this study is designed to evaluate such interactions on an integrated level, using a transparent analysis of all the aspects involved, including all the stakeholders and the potential conflicts of values. The protocol consists of a six-step process encompassing dedicated data acquisition and a specific ethical assessment. When the protocol was applied to assess a “giraffe feeding” interaction, steps devoted to data acquisition found that animal welfare risks were low, and that visitors described giraffes with emotionally linked descriptors more often after the interaction. The net promoter score, which refers to how likely visitors would recommend to a friend to join the animal–visitor interaction, was 74%. The subsequent ethical assessment, which consisted of a comparison of the results of the previous steps with an ethical matrix highlighting the ideal situation for all stakeholders’ interests, allowed the overall identification of the ethical concerns entailed by the interaction. A final ethical checklist of the examined AVI had a “yes” in entries regarding animal welfare, emotional, and conservation mindedness outcomes and ethical assessment.
Review of Strategies to Promote Rumen Development in Calves
Authors: Diao Qiyu , Zhang Rong , Fu Tong
Published: July 2019

Digestive tract development in calves presents a uniquely organized system. Specifically, as the rumen develops and becomes colonized by microorganisms, a calf physiologically transitions from a pseudo-monogastric animal to a functioning ruminant. Importantly, the development of rumen in calves can directly affect the intake of feed, nutrient digestibility and overall growth. Even minor changes in the early feeding regime and nutrition can drastically influence rumen development, resulting in long-term effects on growth, health, and milk yields in adult cattle. Rumen development in newborn calves is one of the most important and interesting areas of calf nutrition. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent studies of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract development in calves. Moreover, we also describe the effect of the environment in shaping the GI tract, including diet, feed additives and feeding management, as well as discuss the strategies to promote the physiological and microbiological development of rumen.
The Impacts of a Reading-to-Dog Programme on Attending and Reading of Nine Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Uccheddu Stefania , Albertini Mariangela , Pierantoni Ludovica , Fantino Sara , Pirrone Federica
Published: July 2019

Poor knowledge is available on the effectiveness of reading to dogs in educational settings, particularly in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In this study, we test the hypothesis that reading to a dog improves propensity towards books and motivation to read after the end of the programme, as well as reading and cognitive skills in children with ASD. The study is a prospective, randomized controlled trial, consisting of testing and re-testing after a 10 sessions reading programme with and without the presence of a dog. Nine Children with ASD (6–11 years old) were randomly assigned to a control (CG, reading without a dog, n. 4) or experimental group (EG, reading to a dog, n. 5). Children’s attendance at reading sessions was recorded at each session. Parents’ perceptions were evaluated at the end of the programme to detect changes in children’s attitudes and motivation toward reading. Psychologist-administered validated reading (Cornoldi’s MT2 reading test; test of reading comprehension, TORC; metaphonological competence test, MCF) and cognitive tests (Wechsler intelligence scale for children Wisc IV, Vineland) to all children, at baseline and at the end of the reading programme. Compared with CG children, children in the EG group participated more frequently in the reading sessions, and they were reported to be more motivated readers at home after the programme. However, there were no differences on reading and cognitive tests’ scores either within each group of children or between groups. Further studies are warranted in order to understand whether and how incorporating dogs into a reading programme is beneficial to Children with ASD at the socio-emotional and cognitive level.
Analysis of Olive (Olea Europaea L.) Genetic Resources in Relation to the Content of Vitamin E in Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Pérez Ana G. , León Lorenzo , Pascual Mar , de la Rosa Raúl , Belaj Angjelina , Sanz Carlos
Published: July 2019

Virgin olive oil (VOO) is the main source of lipids in the Mediterranean diet and one of the main contributors to its proven protection against diseases associated with chronic inflammation states. This oil is rich in antioxidant compounds such as tocopherols, which together constitute the vitamin E stock of the oil. The purpose of the present work was to conduct a study on the diversity of the contents of vitamin E in the olive species (Olea europaea L.), and to know how the season climatic conditions and the degree of fruit ripening stage influences the final content of this vitamin in VOO. Data showed that the content of vitamin E in VOO is highly dependent on the olive cultivar, displaying a wide variability (89–1410 mg tocopherol/kg oil) in the olive species, and that is also dependent, to a lesser extent, on the crop year climate and the stage of fruit ripening. In addition, the suitability of cultivar crosses for breeding programs to obtain new cultivars with improved vitamin E content in VOO has been assessed. Our findings demonstrated that a single cross of olive cultivars may provide sufficient variability to be used in the selection of new cultivars.
Sex-dependent Differences in the Bioenergetics of Liver and Muscle Mitochondria from Mice Containing a Deletion for glutaredoxin-2
Authors: Mallay Sarah , Gill Robert , Young Adrian , Mailloux Ryan J.
Published: July 2019

Our group recently published a study demonstrating that deleting the gene encoding the matrix thiol oxidoreductase, glutaredoxin-2 (GRX2), alters the bioenergetics of mitochondria isolated from male C57BL/6N mice. Here, we conducted a similar study, examining H2O2 production and respiration in mitochondria isolated from female mice heterozygous (GRX2+/−) or homozygous (GRX2−/−) for glutaredoxin-2. First, we observed that deleting the Grx2 gene does not alter the rate of H2O2 production in liver and muscle mitochondria oxidizing pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, or succinate. Examination of the rates of H2O2 release from liver mitochondria isolated from male and female mice revealed that (1) sex has an impact on the rate of ROS production by liver and muscle mitochondria and (2) loss of GRX2 only altered ROS release in mitochondria collected from male mice. Assessment of the bioenergetics of these mitochondria revealed that loss of GRX2 increased proton leak-dependent and phosphorylating respiration in liver mitochondria isolated from female mice but did not alter rates of respiration in liver mitochondria from male mice. Furthermore, we found that deleting the Grx2 gene did not alter rates of respiration in muscle mitochondria collected from female mice. This contrasts with male mice where loss of GRX2 substantially augmented proton leaks and ADP-stimulated respiration. Our findings indicate that some fundamental sexual dimorphisms exist between GRX2-deficient male and female rodents.
Experimental Study on Shear Strengthening of RC Beams with an FRP Grid-PCM Reinforcement Layer
Authors: Guo Rui , Cai Lianheng , Hino Shinichi , Wang Bo
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the shear strengthening effect of a number of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by a reinforcement layer which combines carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) grid and polymer cement mortar (PCM). A total of ten RC beams, including three types of specimens as Series A and seven kinds of specimens as Series B, were prepared and investigated. The test variables in both series of experiments included various reinforcement ranges and different reinforcement amounts that consisted of CFRP grids’ spacing and cross-section areas. The experimental results suggest that the shear strengthening effect of the CFRP grid-PCM layer for RC beams is obvious and adequate. Meanwhile, better performance is observed if the CFRP grid-PCM reinforcement layer is used for the full sectional reinforcement of RC beams with an I-shaped profile, in contrast to RC beams with reinforcement of the web only. In addition, a new evaluation method based on the effective strain of the CFRP grid is developed to determine the shear capacity of RC beams strengthened by a CFRP grid-PCM layer.
End-of-Life Liquid Crystal Display Recovery: Toward a Zero-Waste Approach
Authors: Amato Alessia , Becci Alessandro , Mariani Paolo , Carducci Federica , Ruello Maria Letizia , Monosi Saveria , Giosuè Chiara , Beolchini Francesca
Published: July 2019

End-of-life liquid crystal displays (LCD) represent a possible source of secondary raw materials, mainly glass and an optoelectronic film composed of indium (90%) and tin (10%) oxides. A strong interest for indium, classified as critical raw material, pushed research towards the development of high-efficiency recycling processes. Nevertheless, a deepened study of the technological innovation highlighted that only a small number of treatments included use of whole waste. Furthermore, these processes often need high temperatures, long times, and raw materials that have a significant environmental impact. In this context, this article shows an approach developed in accordance with the “zero waste” principles for whole, end-of-life LCD panel recycling. This process includes preliminary grinding, followed by cross-current acid leaching and indium recovery by zinc cementation, with efficiencies greater than 90%. A recirculation system further increases sustainability of the process. To enhance all waste fractions, glass cullets from leaching are used for concrete production, avoiding their disposal in landfill sites. Considering the achieved efficiencies, combined the simple design suitable for real-scale application (as confirmed by the related patent pending), this process represents an excellent example of implementing circular economy pillars.
Field Optimization and Electrostatic Stress Reduction of Proposed Conductor Scheme for Pliable Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines
Authors: Alvi Muhammad Junaid , Izhar Tahir , Qaiser Asif Ali , Kharal Hafiz Shafqat , Safdar Adnan
Published: July 2019

The implementation of stranded conductors in flexible gas-insulated transmission lines (FGILs) requires field intensity minimization as well as field irregularity suppression in order to avoid dielectric breakdown. Moreover, the interdependence of enclosure and conductor sizes of FGILs regarding electrostatic aspects necessitate critical consideration of their dimensional specifications. In this research, geometric and electrostatic field optimization for FGILs regarding stranded conductors is performed. In addition, the effect of conductor irregularity on field dispersion is analyzed, and a semiconducting film (SCF)-coated stranded conductor is proposed as a potential candidate for FGILs. Considering the performed optimized design, an 11 kV scaled-down model of a 132-kV FGIL was also fabricated in order to practically analyze its electrostatic and dielectric performances regarding simple and SCF-coated stranded conductors. Simulation and experimental investigations revealed that the SCF-coated stranded conductor significantly minimized the field irregularity of the FGIL along with improving in its dielectric breakdown characteristics.
Mechanisms of Control Authority by Nanosecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Actuators on Flow Separation
Authors: Skourides Christoforos , Nyfantis Dimitrios , Leyland Pénélope , Bosse Hugo , Ott Peter
Published: July 2019

The mechanisms that should be considered for separation flow control applications of nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuators were investigated on a NACA 0015 profile for velocities of 10 m / s ( R e = 100,000 ) and 20 m / s ( R e = 200,000 ) in ambient wind tunnel conditions. Near and post-stall angles of attack were considered ( 16 ∘ and 24 ∘ ). The dominant frequencies existing in the flow were measured. Moderate voltage levels were applied (4 and 7 kV ) and the actuator was operated at these identified dominant frequencies and compared with known effective frequencies from literature. In all cases, influences by the actuator on the flow structures were observed and the operation of the actuator at the dominant flow frequencies of a stalled airfoil was shown to give control authority.
Triple-Attention Mixed-Link Network for Single-Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Cheng Xi , Li Xiang , Yang Jian
Published: July 2019

Single-image super-resolution is of great importance as a low-level computer-vision task. Recent approaches with deep convolutional neural networks have achieved impressive performance. However, existing architectures have limitations due to the less sophisticated structure along with less strong representational power. In this work, to significantly enhance the feature representation, we proposed triple-attention mixed-link network (TAN), which consists of (1) three different aspects (i.e., kernel, spatial, and channel) of attention mechanisms and (2) fusion of both powerful residual and dense connections (i.e., mixed link). Specifically, the network with multi-kernel learns multi-hierarchical representations under different receptive fields. The features are recalibrated by the effective kernel and channel attention, which filters the information and enables the network to learn more powerful representations. The features finally pass through the spatial attention in the reconstruction network, which generates a fusion of local and global information, lets the network restore more details, and improves the reconstruction quality. The proposed network structure decreases 50% of the parameter growth rate compared with previous approaches. The three attention mechanisms provide 0.49 dB, 0.58 dB, and 0.32 dB performance gain when evaluating on Set5, Set14, and BSD100. Thanks to the diverse feature recalibrations and the advanced information flow topology, our proposed model is strong enough to perform against the state-of-the-art methods on the benchmark evaluations.
Performance and Reinforcement Mechanism of Modified Asphalt Binders with Nano-Particles, Whiskers, and Fibers
Authors: Xing Xiangyang , Pei Jianzhong , Shen Chenchen , Li Rui , Zhang Jiupeng , Huang Jianyou , Hu Dongliang
Published: July 2019

The asphalt binders could be modified to improve road perfo rmances by using various methods, and the reinforcement mechanisms are obviously different and quietly affect the road performances. According to the composite reinforcement theory, nano-CaCO3 particles, CaCO3 whiskers, and aramid fibers were used as reinforcements to prepare modified asphalt binders, and the conventional technical performances and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) rheological properties were measured and investigated. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to observe the interfaces between reinforcements and asphalt matrixes and the different reinforcement mechanisms were analyzed. The test results showed that the use of nano-CaCO3 particles, CaCO3 whiskers, and aramid fibers can improve the high-temperature stability of modified asphalt binders by different reinforcement mechanisms. The nano-CaCO3 particles were still effective under high-temperature conditions and could last for a long time through the principle of dispersion enhancement. The CaCO3 whiskers segregate easily and cannot be well dispersed in asphalt binders. The aramid fibers played an important role of stress transmission and fiber reinforcement in asphalt binders, and 2 mm-aramid fibers hold the best reinforcement effects. The conclusions can provide a reference for the selection and application of modifiers in the preparation of modified asphalt in laboratory and engineering projects.
Transverse Vibration of Clamped-Pinned-Free Beam with Mass at Free End
Authors: Hong Jonathan , Dodson Jacob , Laflamme Simon , Downey Austin
Published: July 2019

Engineering systems undergoing extreme and harsh environments can often times experience rapid damaging effects. In order to minimize loss of economic investment and human lives, structural health monitoring (SHM) of these high-rate systems is being researched. An experimental testbed has been developed to validate SHM methods in a controllable and repeatable laboratory environment. This study applies the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory to this testbed to develop analytical solutions of the system. The transverse vibration of a clamped-pinned-free beam with a point mass at the free end is discussed in detail. Results are derived for varying pin locations and mass values. Eigenvalue plots of the first five modes are presented along with their respective mode shapes. The theoretical calculations are experimentally validated and discussed.
Effect of Additives, Cement Type, and Foam Amount on the Properties of Foamed Concrete Developed with Civil Construction Waste
Authors: Lermen Richard Thomas , Favaretto Patrícia , Silva Rodrigo de Almeida , Hidalgo Gelsa Edith Navarro , Tubino Rejane M. C. , Tiecher Francieli
Published: July 2019

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of additives in producing foamed concrete blocks, which were made by totally replacing natural sand with civil construction waste (CCW). The concrete blocks were developed in accordance with an experimental design that used the complete factorial statistical method, for which three factors with different levels were considered: cement type (CP-V, CP II-Z, and CP II-F); use of additive (without additive, plasticizer, air entrainment, and superplasticizer) and foam amount (5.7%, 7.7%, and 9.5% of the total mass). The influence of each factor and the interactions between them were assessed on the following response variables: compressive strength, dry and saturated density, air voids, water absorption, and thermal conductivity. The results show that all factors had a significant influence on the variable response. For example, the use of the superplasticizer additive resulted in higher compressive strength, lower density, lower air void, and lower thermal conductivity. Finally, the use of additives had little influence on the response variables in relation to the other factors.
Photoluminescence Revealed Higher Order Plasmonic Resonance Modes and Their Unexpected Frequency Blue Shifts in Silver-Coated Silica Nanoparticle Antennas
Authors: Rahman Atta Ur , Geng Junping , Ziolkowski Richard W. , Hang Tao , Hayat Qaisar , Liang Xianling , Rehman Sami Ur , Jin Ronghong
Published: July 2019

Higher order plasmonic resonance modes and their frequency blue shifts in silver-coated silica nanoparticle antennas are studied. Synthesizing them with a wet chemistry method, silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were enclosed within silver shells with different thicknesses. A size-dependent Drude model was used to model the plasmonic shells and their optical losses. Two higher order plasmonic resonances were identified for each case in these simulations. The photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) experimental results, in good agreement with their simulated values, confirmed the presence of those two higher order resonant modes and their resonance frequencies. When compared with pure metallic Ag nanoparticles, size-induced blue shifts were observed in these resonance frequencies.
Hygrothermal Behaviour of Continuous Air Chambers on Stone Panels Façades through CFD and IRT
Authors: Lerma Carlos , Mas Ángeles , Gil Enrique , Vercher Jose
Published: July 2019

Façades of buildings with stone cladding are widely used in contemporary architecture. This research work analyses the aerodynamic, thermal and relative humidity behaviour of this type of façade. One of the main novelties of the article is the analysis of air flow and temperature of the air chamber through finite elements with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Ten three-dimensional models were designed to study the various parameters that influence the behaviour of the façade, including the thickness of the air chamber and the velocity of the outside air. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of temperature and humidity makes it possible to determine the areas susceptible to generating condensation. Infrared thermography (IRT) is used to obtain the actual outside temperature, which is used in the validation of finite element models. The temperature is reduced by 47% with air chambers of 3 cm instead of 1 cm with soft outside air velocity, and by up to 60% with moderate air velocity. In these cases, relative humidity increases by 96% and 74%, respectively. When the results obtained in CFD vary considerably in a particular area with respect to IRT, a possible pathology is identified. This work provides better knowledge on the durability of material and façades.
Power Grid Reliability Evaluation Considering Wind Farm Cyber Security and Ramping Events
Authors: Wu Honghao , Liu Junyong , Liu Jichun , Cui Mingjian , Liu Xuan , Gao Hongjun
Published: July 2019

The cybersecurity of wind farms is an increasing concern in recent years, and its impacts on the power system reliability have not been fully studied. In this paper, the pressing issues of wind farms, including cybersecurity and wind power ramping events (WPRs) are incorporated into a new reliability evaluation approach. Cyber–physical failures like the instantaneous failure and longtime fatigue of wind turbines are considered in the reliability evaluation. The tripping attack is modeled in a bilevel optimal power flow model which aims to maximize the load shedding on the system’s vulnerable moment. The time-varying failure rate of wind turbine is approximated by Weibull distribution which incorporates the service time and remaining life of wind turbine. Various system defense capacities and penetration rates of wind power are simulated on the typical reliability test system. The comparative and sensitive analyses show that power system reliability is challenged by the cybersecurity of wind farms, especially when the installed capacity of wind power continues to rise. The timely patching of network vulnerabilities and the life management of wind turbines are important measures to ensure the cyber–physical security of wind farms.
Design and Motion Planning of a Biped Climbing Robot with Redundant Manipulator
Authors: Chang Qing , Luo Xiao , Qiao Zhixia , Li Qian
Published: July 2019

A novel robot capable of performing maintenance and inspection tasks for railway bridges is proposed in this paper. Termed CMBOT (climbing manipulator robot), the robot is a combination of a five-degrees-of-freedom (5-Dof) biped climbing robot with two electromagnetic feet and a redundant manipulator with 7-Dof. This capability offers important advantages for performing maintenance and inspection tasks for railway bridges. Several fundamental issues of the CMBOT, such as robotic system development and motion planning algorithms, are addressed in this paper. A series of simulations and prototype experiments were conducted to validate the proposed robotic systems and motion planning algorithm. The results of the experiments show the reliability of the robotic systems and the efficiency of the motion planning algorithm.