bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las relaciones económicas internacionales en los países en vías de desarrollo: el caso colombiano
Authors: Chaparro Casas Catalina , Zamora Muñoz Juan Sebastián
Published: August 2017

El comercio internacional plantea múltiples contradicciones, entre ellas la disparidad en la que se encuentran los países a la hora de competir, sus variadas condiciones, legislación interna y el desarrollo histórico de sus instituciones.Colombia ha sido particularmente negligente en sectores tales como el agrícola e industrial, debido a la falta de políticas que en décadas anteriores pudieron haber forjado su fortalecimiento. Por tanto, pensar que el país está en posición de competir de manera simétrica con países industrializados nos parece desacertado, debido a las disparidades industriales y económicas actuales.Así las cosas, cuestionamos la apertura económica casi inmediata, la firma de TLC con naciones con las cuales las prestaciones no serán recíprocas y las incongruencias de las políticas agrícola e industrial con la política comercial. Resaltamos la necesidad de una reforma agraria estructural, acompañada de herramientas que fortalezcan la industria nacional para que los productos nacionales sean competitivos en el mercado internacional, empero, comprendemos que dichas reformas deben ser impuestas paulatinamente, en la que a nuestro parecer debería ser fijada como una verdadera política de Estado.
Korean Translation of the Barriers to Research Utilization Scale: Psychometric Testing
Authors: Song Youngshin , Gang Moonhee , Jung Misook
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Barriers or Facilitators to Using Research in Practice (BARRIERS) scale for use in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used with 364 nurses working in clinical settings. Item analysis was conducted and convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a 4-factor structure with 25 items that explained 62.9% of the variance. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed as examining the factor loading, average variance extracted, and composite reliability. The values of factor loading for 25 items were having higher estimate than criterion and the average variance extracted value for 4 factors ranged from .575 to .667. The Cronbach’s alpha was .90 for the 25 items. Conclusion: The Korean version of the 25-item BARRIERS scale was a reliable and valid scale to measure barriers to research use in Korean health care settings. Based on this psychometric evaluation, research barriers and its associated factors will be investigated using the Korean version of the BARRIERS scale in further study.
Insights Into Care Providers’ Understandings of Life Story Work With Persons With Dementia: Findings From a Qualitative Study
Authors: Berendonk Charlotte , Caine Vera
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose:In Germany, life story work, an approach which acknowledges humans as narrative beings and honors biographies, is required by health authorities to be integrated in care provided in nursing homes. Insufficient attention to life story work could place residents at risk of dehumanization, particularly residents with dementia, who depend on support of others to tell and make meaning of their life experiences.Methods:We conducted a qualitative study to gain insights into care providers’ perceptions and practices of life story work with persons with dementia. Thirty-six care providers in 7 nursing homes participated in semistructured interviews or group discussions. We derived subjective theories (individual understandings) of care providers and higher-order concept patterns following the principles and processes of grounded theory.Results:We found a great variation in participants’ understandings of life story work. Some participants were unsure if and how life story work impacts persons with dementia. Starting points for improving the integration of life story work into practice are discussed.Implications for Practice:We conclude that care providers need a better understanding of life story work as a nursing intervention. The importance of the notion of humans as narrative beings and the multiple ways in which we story our lives as well as embody life stories needs to be further developed. Knowledge is required about the practical and systemic challenges of integrating life story work in the care of persons with dementia.
Sobre a possível origem da diferença fonética entre a fala masculina e a feminina em Karajá
Authors: Rodrigues Aryon Dall'Igna
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho discute a hipótese, aventada em trabalho anterior do mesmo autor (Rodrigues 1999), de que a origem da diferenciação entre fala masculina e fala feminina, no Karajá, deve-se a uma interferência de falantes da língua Xavante (família Jê). O exame da documentação mais antiga sobre as duas línguas em questão, nos registros da primeira metade do século XIX, trazem algum problema para a hipótese em questão, mas neste texto propõe-se uma explicação que mantém a hipótese da interferência, relacionando Karajá com o Xavante atual.
Considerações sobre encontros científicos e o significado da itinerância
Authors: Almeida Soraya
Published: August 2017

A Royal Society of London foi criada em 1660 com o objetivo de promover o conhecimento científico seguindo os preceitos de uma nova forma de pensar e fazer ciência tendo como referência os moldes concebidos por Francis Bacon. Para ser admitido como membro era necessário que o postulante tivesse uma série de características que o distinguisse do cidadão comum, fosse indicado por antigos membros e, por fim, ter sua inclusão submetida a aprovação dos demais associados. Quase cento e cinquenta anos depois, em 1807, foi criada a Geological Society of London, primeira sociedade geológica da história, vista por alguns membros da Royal Society como uma dissidência desnecessária. A princípio, era um clube de treze membros que se propunham a discutir geologia em jantares prazerosos regados a vinho e boa comida. Os critérios de seleção de seus associados eram semelhantes ao da Royal Society e os custos elevados dos jantares dificultavam a participação de aspirantes de baixos recursos financeiros. Apesar dessa restrição, em poucos anos a Geological Society se tornou uma instituição relevante no meio científico e em uma década o número de sócios passou de treze a quatrocentos ultrapassando setecentos nos 1830s...
Descrição dos métodos paleoartísticos para reconstruções de animais e vegetais fósseis
Authors: Martine Ariel Milani , Ricardi-Branco Fresia
Published: August 2017

Desde a metade do século XIX, paleontólogos usam desenhos e pinturas para reconstruir organismos extintos. Essas formas de reconstrução são chamadas hoje informalmente de reconstituições paleoartísticas. O espécime reconstruído por meio da ilustração científica transcende a literatura especializada, chegando ao conhecimento popular. Constitui, desse modo, importante ferramenta para a divulgação científica. Com base em anatomia comparada, o presente trabalho descreve, de forma pioneira, no Brasil, os conceitos e etapas dos processos de reconstituição paleoartística, usando como modelos três organismos fósseis brasileiros: um dinosauro saurópode (Aeolosaurus maximus), um molusco bivalve (Itaimbea priscus) e uma gimnosperma (Brachyphyllum obesum). A metodologia aplicada na reconstrução desses organismos pode ser também empregada para reconstrução de qualquer animal ou vegetal fóssil.
Computer aided geological design: AutoCAD® applications in structural geology
Authors: Chiozza Sebastián González
Published: August 2017

The three-dimensional (3D) modeling environment of AutoCAD is used to represent and solve problems of structural geology. As an alternative to bi-dimensional (2D) techniques of classical structural analysis, the 3D capabilities of the software are used for modeling, positioning and measuring geological structures. To introduce the proposed method, two practical examples are presented as exercises with detailed instructions. The technique consists in precisely representing the geometrical entities that comprise the geological problem within three-dimensional space to enable the direct measurement of structural parameters. Accurate results, such as fault displacement and the attitude of several structures, are obtained with the dimension tools of the program, so no calculations are required. Diverse 3D viewing perspectives can be adopted to enhance the comprehension of the analyzed situation.
Servicios legales de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en Uruguay. Estrategias de los servicios públicos del primer nivel de atención
Authors: López-Gómez Alejandra , Couto Martín , Píriz Gabriela , Monza Ana , Abracinskas Lilián , Ituarte María Luisa
Published: August 2017

Objetivo. Analizar las estrategias desarrolladas por los centros de salud para implementar la ley de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE) en los servicios públicos del primer nivel de atención en Montevideo, Uruguay. Material y métodos. Investigación cualitativa, que combinó técnicas de análisis documental y cuestionarios autoadministrados a informantes clave y entrevistas semidirigidas a directores de centros de salud. Se construyó un índice sumatorio simple de accesibilidad a las prestaciones de IVE en el centro de salud. Resultados. La ley aprobada en Uruguay en 2012 exigió el desarrollo de una estrategia para favorecer la accesibilidad de las mujeres a la IVE en el primer nivel de atención público. Los servicios no lograron implementar cabalmente la estrategia por dificultades institucionales. Conclusión. Pese a la amplia disponibilidad de servicios públicos de IVE en el primer nivel de atención y a que forman parte de las prestaciones en salud sexual y reproductiva, lo que favorece integralidad en la atención, persiste una barrera importante en el alto porcentaje de ginecólogos objetores de conciencia.
Hacia la disminución de los test físicos como indicadores de salud en el contexto educativo
Authors: Peña-Troncoso Sebastian , Osses-Bustingorry Sonia , Navarro-Aburto Braulio , Beltrán-Véliz Juan Carlos
Published: August 2017

Señor editor: Me permito enviarle una crítica en torno a la aplicación de test físicos en función de la salud de los estudiantes, mediciones que se utilizan de forma constante en los programas de salud y clases de educación física.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of PDC Bits
Authors: Behr S. M. , Warren T. M. , Sinor L. A. , Brett J. F.
Published: August 2017

PDC bit modeling has historically incorporated the assumption that cutter forces are constant for a full revolution of the bit. This assumption places considerable limitations on the model's ability to simulate drilling in nonhomogeneous rock and in cases where the bit whirls. Recent studies have shown that cutter damage due to impact loading is a primary cause of PDC bit failure. These impacts may be caused by both bit whirl and drilling through nonhomogeneous rock. The three dimensional model presented in this paper provides the capability to evaluate cutter loading for both of these conditions. It shows that the cutter loads for common drilling situations may be as much as ten times greater than those calculated with previously available two dimensional models.
Hay Rake‐Type Effect on Ash and Forage Nutritive Values of Alfalfa Hay
Authors: Neu Abby E. , Sheaffer Craig C. , Undersander Daniel J. , Hall Marvin H. , Kniffen Daniel M. , Wells M. Scott , Catalano Devan N. , Martinson Krishona L.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

High levels of ash content provide no nutritional benefit to livestock.

A hay merger or sidebar rake resulted in less ash content compared to a wheel rake.

Rake type rarely resulted in differences in forage nutritive values.

High levels of ash content are problematic in hay since ash provides no nutritional benefit to livestock. Hay raking may impact ash content, but the effect of different hay rake types on ash content is unknown. The objectives were to determine the effect of rake type on ash content and forage nutritive values of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay. Replicated trials were conducted on two cuttings of alfalfa in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. During raking, two swath rows were combined using one of the following rake types: wheel, sidebar, rotary, or merger. Samples were collected during the four phases of hay harvest: standing forage, post‐cut, post‐raked, and post‐baled or chopped and analyzed for ash content and forage nutritive values. Ash content was different in five of the six sites‐cuttings post‐raking (P ≤ 0.05). The hay merger and sidebar rake resulted in the least amount of ash (90–136 g kg−1) while the wheel rake (100–153 g kg−1) resulted in the greatest amount of ash. Differences in forage nutritive values were rarely observed due to rake type and ranged from 200–241 g kg−1 crude protein (CP), 374–480 g kg−1 NDF, and 393 to 532 g kg−1 neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFd) post‐raking. First cutting alfalfa differed in relative forage quality (RFQ) post‐raking where the hay merger and sidebar rake tended to result in greater RFQ values (121–165) compared with the wheel rake (114–160; P ≤ 0.05). Using a hay merger or sidebar rake to combine swaths resulted in less ash content compared with a wheel rake; however, rake type rarely resulted in differences in forage nutritive values.
Planting Date, Maturity, and Temperature Effects on Soybean Seed Yield and Composition
Authors: Mourtzinis Spyridon , Gaspar Adam P. , Naeve Seth L. , Conley Shawn P.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Planting date and maturity group decisions can greatly affect yield and composition.

Temperature had a significant effect on seed yield and composition.

Planting date × maturity group should be chosen based on the product's end use.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production has greatly increased in the upper U.S. Midwest over the last decade, but little information exists regarding the interactive effects of environment and spring management decisions on soybean seed yield and composition. Our objective was to assess the effect of four planting dates (PDs), four cultivar maturity groups (MGs), and ambient temperature between R5 to R8 (T5–T8) on soybean seed yield and composition. Field studies were established between 2014 and 2016 at three locations in Wisconsin and one in Minnesota. Across environmental conditions and management decisions, greater seed yield was positively correlated with protein and oil contents but negatively correlated with linoleic, linolenic, and sucrose contents. Multivariate data analysis showed positive synergies between early planting (late April–early May) and MG 2 for yield, oil, and oleic acid across the examined region. A MG 2 was the highest yielding and a ∼1200 kg ha−1 yield difference was observed between early and late PDs. These results underline the complexity of the soybean yield‐composition relationships. Additionally, the large variability in the responses of constituents to management decisions and temperature variations highlights the importance of a producer knowing the product's end use (e.g., high yield vs. high protein) and accordingly modifying the growing environment by selecting an appropriate PD and MG for the respective region. To provide more accurate recommendations to a broader range of producers, multi‐environment studies are imperative to capture large environmental variability in important soybean production areas across the United States.
Meta‐Analysis of Phosphorus Loss from No‐Till Soils
Authors: Daryanto Stefani , Wang Lixin , Jacinthe Pierre André
Published: August 2017

Agriculture is a significant contributor to phosphorus (P) enrichment in aquatic ecosystems. No‐till (NT) farming has been proposed as an alternative approach to conventional tillage (CT) in reducing soil P export, but published data have shown contrasting impacts, likely due to the interacting effects of different physical (climate region, rainfall variability, transport pathway, slope gradient) and management variables (NT duration, crop species). We conducted a meta‐analysis to understand the extent to which each of these variables controls the concentration and load of different P fractions (dissolved P, particulate P) in agricultural runoff and leaching. In comparison with CT, particulate P loss was significantly lower with NT adoption (45 and 55% reduction in concentration and load, respectively), but an increase in dissolved P loss was observed. The extent of the reduction or increase, however, varied with different physical and management variables. In comparison with CT, for example, NT was not effective in reducing particulate P concentration during wet years and particulate P load on steep slopes (4–9%). Total P concentration was also similar with CT at sites under prolonged NT duration (∼10 yr) and at NT fields planted with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Our results underscore the need to consider the covarying physical and management factors when assessing the potential of NT farming in controlling P loss in the environment. The limited impact of NT on dissolved P loss remains a serious impediment toward harnessing the water quality benefits of this management practice.

Core Ideas

No‐till was effective in reducing particulate P loss but increased dissolved P loss.

NT covaried with several physical and management variables in affecting P loss.

NT must be combined with other land management strategies to reduce dissolved P loss.
Metabolic Responses to Arsenite in Rice Seedlings that Differed in Grain Arsenic Concentration
Authors: Heuschele D. Jo , Pinson Shannon R. M. , Smith Aaron P.
Published: August 2017

Arsenic (As) occurs naturally in the environment, and is present in all edible and nonedible plant tissues. Plants have multiple mechanisms to prevent plant injury by heavy metals such as As. These same mechanisms could be used to reduce accumulation of As in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains. From previous study of 1765 international rice accessions, specific accessions were identified as having exceptionally high grain As concentrations (grain As accumulators) and others low grain As (grain As excluders). This study investigated As uptake, transport, and metabolism in six previously identified lines to determine which physiological responses, if any, were associated with accumulation or exclusion of As in grains. Hydroponically grown seedlings were treated with 0 (controls) or 100 μM arsenite [As(III)], and then whole seedlings were analyzed for concentrations of As plus key compounds involved in heavy metal metabolism. Both grain accumulators and grain excluders actively concentrated As within their roots, and both groups had 10‐fold higher As concentrations in roots than leaves. In response to As(III), roots of both grain excluders and grain accumulators increased in cysteine and phytochelatin (PC) production, which suggests PC sequestration of As. In contrast, only grain excluders doubled in leaf glutathione (GSH) concentration by 72 h after As(III) addition. Because PC concentrations remained constant in leaves, it appears that the additional leaf GSH in the grain excluders was not used to produce more PC but may instead be forming As‐GSH adducts, which also aid in As sequestration.
Hydrothermal Germination Models: Improving Experimental Efficiency by Limiting Data Collection to the Relevant Hydrothermal Range
Authors: Hardegree Stuart P. , Moffet Corey A. , Walters Christina T. , Sheley Roger L. , Flerchinger Gerald N.
Published: August 2017

Hydrothermal models used to predict germination response in the field are usually parameterized with data from laboratory experiments that examine the full range of germination response to temperature (T) and water potential (ψ). Inclusion of low‐ψ and high‐ and low‐T treatments, however, may not be necessary if their contribution to germination rate in the field is negligible. In this study, we simulated cumulative germination response of 13 range grass seedlots to a typical seasonal planting scenario used for rangeland restoration in the Great Basin region of the western United States. Given realistic estimates of actual time spent within the full hydrothermal range of these seedlots, >95% of germination response in the field could be predicted by models that only considered germination at ψ values less negative than −0.5 MPa and T values <25°C. Limiting laboratory treatments to a restricted hydrothermal range could greatly increase the efficiency of parameterizing hydrothermal models for predicting field response. Laboratory expenditures in this example could be reduced by 80 to 90% with only a relatively small reduction in the potential accuracy of field predictions.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Natural Source Zone Depletion Rates at a Former Oil Refinery
Authors: Eichert J. , McAlexander B. , Lyverse M. , Michalski P. , Sihota N.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Natural source zone depletion rate spatial variability aligns with historical release areas.

The sitewide average NSZD rate is adequately characterized with radiocarbon correction.

NSZD rate temporal variability correlates with air temperature and precipitation.

Dynamic closed chambers, concentration gradient method, and CO2 traps show discrepancies.

Discrepancies in methods are related to parameter sensitivity, measurement time frame, and radiocarbon sampling.

Understanding the implications of vadose zone processes across spatial and temporal scales is challenging. At petroleum release sites, biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds contributes to biogeochemical cycling through natural source zone depletion (NSZD). Considerable gaps remain in characterization at large sites. An evaluation of NSZD rates at a >80‐ha decommissioned oil refinery was conducted using a dynamic closed chamber (DCC). Across the site, we characterized spatial variability and compared radiocarbon (14C) and background‐corrected NSZD rate estimates. At a high‐resolution (0.5‐ha) area, temporal variability in NSZD rate estimates was characterized and a method comparison was conducted for DCC, the concentration gradient method (CGM), and CO2 traps. The spatial variability of sitewide NSZD rates was significantly different from smear zone thickness, suggesting that additonal factors affect NSZD variability at a sitewide scale. The estimated sitewide average NSZD rate using the location‐specific 14C correction was significantly different from the average by the background correction method (1.2 vs. 3.0 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively). In the high‐resolution area, NSZD rates estimated by DCC varied temporally across seasonal and daily time scales. Higher temperatures were correlated with increased NSZD, and precipitation was important in dampening effluxes following rain events. The method comparison identified high sensitivity of the CGM vs. the other methods to input parameters, while CO2 traps showed relatively high intersample variability. Possible limitations to DCC, including measurement timeframe and 14C sampling method, were considered. The findings assist in setting NSZD expectations at other large sites.
Scales of Water Retention Dynamics Observed in Eroded Luvisols from an Arable Postglacial Soil Landscape
Authors: Herbrich Marcus , Gerke Horst H.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Hysteretic, seasonal, and interannual soil water retention dynamics were identified.

Hydraulic functions for each drying and wetting event were described separately.

Shorter term dynamics indicated soil structural and wettability changes.

Longer term dynamics reflected soil management and erosion history.

For each timescale, different processes control water retention dynamics.

Soil water retention is frequently described by unique main drying curves measured in the laboratory on intact soil cores. In the field, however, soil pore structure changes as a result of swelling and shrinkage, wetting and drying, or tillage operations. For erosion‐affected arable soils characterized by truncated profiles, water retention dynamics could be even more complex. The objective of this study was to separate shorter term hysteretic from longer term seasonal dynamics in field‐measured water retention data of eroded Luvisols. Soil water content and matric potential data were from tensiometers and time‐domain reflectometry sensors of six lysimeter soil monoliths from two sites. For 2012 through 2014, drying and wetting periods were identified and fitted with the van Genuchten (VG) retention function. The results confirmed that drying water retention curves were steeper than those obtained in the laboratory. Steepness increased and fitted VG parameter values of saturated water content decreased within seasons, indicating that rewetting rates successively declined after each dry–wet cycle. Drying water retention curves returned to a similar level in each spring except for soils of transferred monoliths, where drying water retention tended to increase. Results suggested that water retention dynamics of eroded Luvisols was affected by continual incorporation of subsoil material in the Ap horizon and crop management practices in addition to hysteresis and seasonal dynamics. The disentangling of dry–wet cycles from time series of soil water content and matric potential was found useful for identifying the processes responsible for water retention dynamics and could eventually help improve flow and transport models.
Upscaling Capillary Pressure–Saturation Functions Using Different Reference Pressure Elevations
Authors: Cheng Chu-Lin , Cropper S. Clark , Perfect Edmund , McKay Larry , Kang Misun
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

The BC‐vG Upscaler predicts the drainage of porous media of different heights.

The default reference pressure elevation (RPE) is the middle of the porous medium.

Predicted drainage functions deviate from observed functions as height increases.

A top RPE improves accuracy of predicted drainage functions regardless of height.

Choice of reference pressure elevation (RPE) on average effective saturation–capillary pressure functions, 〈〉(ψ), was investigated for monotonic drainage of homogeneous porous media. Nine columns of Flint sand with heights ranging from 4.3 to 55.0 cm were prepared. Measured 〈〉(ψ) functions were determined gravimetrically using the hanging water column method. Predicted 〈〉(ψ) functions were obtained by upscaling point function parameters determined by neutron radiographic imaging of a single drainage experiment. Bottom and midpoint RPEs resulted in the inaccurate parameterization of 〈〉(ψ) functions for tall columns. A top RPE produced accurate upscaled functions for all column heights. To evaluate the overall performance of this RPE, observed effective saturations for the nine columns were linearly regressed against predicted values. The resulting best‐fit model (slope = 0.98; intercept = 0.03; R2 = 0.98) corresponded closely to a 1:1 line. The van Genuchten (vG) α and n parameters for the observed and predicted 〈〉(ψ) functions decreased with increasing column height. A power model explained >95% of the variance in the predicted vG parameters and between 69 and 78% of the variance in the observed vG parameters. The lower R2 values for the observed parameter models were attributed to experimental variation among the nine columns, whereas the predicted parameter models were upscaled from a single column. Despite these differences, the magnitudes and height dependencies of the observed and predicted average vG parameters were similar. For tall columns, the RPE should be established at the top for drainage experiments and at the bottom for wetting experiments.
Colloidal Stability and Mobility of Extracellular Polymeric Substance Amended Hematite Nanoparticles
Authors: Narvekar Sneha Pradip , Ritschel Thomas , Totsche Kai Uwe
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) sorb to hematite nanoparticle surfaces.

High EPS loadings on hematite cause an increase in colloidal stability.

Hematite is immobilized in glass bead porous media during transport.

Colloidally stable EPS–hematite associates are mobile in glass bead porous media.

Colloidal stability and the mobility of mineral nanoparticles largely depend on the properties of the nanoparticle surface. Thus, any modification of the surface due to adsorption will alter the fate of nanoparticles in the environment. In this study, we explored the effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the colloidal stability and the mobility of hematite nanoparticles (HNP). Hematite nanoparticles were amended with increasing concentrations of EPS (20, 200, and 500 mg L−1 C) that resulted in EPS‐C to HNP‐Fe mass ratios of 1:5, 2:1, and 5:1 (HNP 1:5, HNP 2:1, and HNP 5:1). With increasing EPS loadings, the isoelectric point of the EPS–HNP associates shifted from 9.8 (pure HNP without EPS) to ?2 (HNP 5:1), resulting in an aggregation of HNP 1:5 with an isoelectric point near the solution pH of 7. In NaCl solution, both the aggregation kinetics and the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) increased with increasing loadings of EPS. Conversely, in CaCl2 solution, the CCC decreased with increasing EPS loadings due to the formation of Ca bridges. The mobility of pure HNP and EPS–HNP associates was explored with transport experiments in closed‐flow mode at neutral pH in a porous medium made of glass beads. Pure HNP were colloidally stable but completely retained in the porous medium due to strong electrostatic interactions between the HNP and the glass surfaces. In contrast, for colloidally stable EPS–HNP associates (HNP 2:1 and HNP 5:1), a persistent mobile fraction and surface attachment was observed. This highlights that EPS association promotes mobility of HNP that were otherwise rendered immobile.
Moving particle semi-implicit method with improved pressures stability properties
Authors: Arami Fadafan Masoud , Hessami Kermani Masoud-Reza
Published: August 2017

Moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is one of the Lagrangian methods widely used in engineering issues. This method, however, suffers from unphysical oscillations in its original form. In the present study, a modified incompressible MPS method is proposed to suppress these oscillations and is used for simulating free surface problems. To demonstrate the stability of the presented method, different kernel functions are used in the case of numerical dam break modeling as a benchmark simulation. A simple form of definition of curved wall boundaries is suggested which eliminates dummy particles and subsequently saves CPU time. Flow over an ogee spillway is simulated for the first time with the I-MPS method and as a new test case which has several curved lines in its geometry. The comparisons between theoretical solutions/experimental data and simulation results in terms of free surface and pressure show the accuracy of the method.
Block structure vs scope extrusion: between innocence and omniscience
Authors: Murawski Andrzej S. , Tzevelekos Nikos
Published: August 2017

We study the semantic meaning of block structure using game semantics. To
that end, we introduce the notion of block-innocent strategies and characterise
call-by-value computation with block-allocated storage through soundness,
finite definability and universality results. This puts us in a good position
to conduct a comparative study of purely functional computation, computation
with block storage as well as that with dynamic memory allocation. For example,
we can show that dynamic variable allocation can be replaced with
block-allocated variables exactly when the term involved (open or closed) is of
base type and that block-allocated storage can be replaced with purely
functional computation when types of order two are involved. To illustrate the
restrictive nature of block structure further, we prove a decidability result
for a finitary fragment of call-by-value Idealized Algol for which it is known
that allowing for dynamic memory allocation leads to undecidability.
How Much Lookahead is Needed to Win Infinite Games?
Authors: Klein Felix , Zimmermann Martin
Published: August 2017

Delay games are two-player games of infinite duration in which one player may
delay her moves to obtain a lookahead on her opponent's moves. For
$\omega$-regular winning conditions it is known that such games can be solved
in doubly-exponential time and that doubly-exponential lookahead is sufficient.
We improve upon both results by giving an exponential time algorithm and an
exponential upper bound on the necessary lookahead. This is complemented by
showing EXPTIME-hardness of the solution problem and tight exponential lower
bounds on the lookahead. Both lower bounds already hold for safety conditions.
Furthermore, solving delay games with reachability conditions is shown to be
PSPACE-complete.
This is a corrected version of the paper https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.3701v4
published originally on August 26, 2016.
The Guarded Lambda-Calculus: Programming and Reasoning with Guarded Recursion for Coinductive Types
Authors: Clouston Ranald , Bizjak Aleš , Grathwohl Hans Bugge , Birkedal Lars
Published: August 2017

We present the guarded lambda-calculus, an extension of the simply typed
lambda-calculus with guarded recursive and coinductive types. The use of
guarded recursive types ensures the productivity of well-typed programs.
Guarded recursive types may be transformed into coinductive types by a
type-former inspired by modal logic and Atkey-McBride clock quantification,
allowing the typing of acausal functions. We give a call-by-name operational
semantics for the calculus, and define adequate denotational semantics in the
topos of trees. The adequacy proof entails that the evaluation of a program
always terminates. We introduce a program logic with L\"ob induction for
reasoning about the contextual equivalence of programs. We demonstrate the
expressiveness of the calculus by showing the definability of solutions to
Rutten's behavioural differential equations.
Extending Unification in $\mathcal{EL}$ to Disunification: The Case of Dismatching and Local Disunification
Authors: Baader Franz , Borgwardt Stefan , Morawska Barbara
Published: August 2017

Unification in Description Logics has been introduced as a means to detect
redundancies in ontologies. We try to extend the known decidability results for
unification in the Description Logic $\mathcal{EL}$ to disunification since
negative constraints can be used to avoid unwanted unifiers. While decidability
of the solvability of general $\mathcal{EL}$-disunification problems remains an
open problem, we obtain NP-completeness results for two interesting special
cases: dismatching problems, where one side of each negative constraint must be
ground, and local solvability of disunification problems, where we consider
only solutions that are constructed from terms occurring in the input problem.
More precisely, we first show that dismatching can be reduced to local
disunification, and then provide two complementary NP-algorithms for finding
local solutions of disunification problems.
Automata for Specifying and Orchestrating Service Contracts
Authors: Basile Davide , Degano Pierpaolo , Ferrari Gian-Luigi
Published: August 2017

An approach to the formal description of service contracts is presented in
terms of automata. We focus on the basic property of guaranteeing that in the
multi-party composition of principals each of them gets his requests satisfied,
so that the overall composition reaches its goal. Depending on whether requests
are satisfied synchronously or asynchronously, we construct an orchestrator
that at static time either yields composed services enjoying the required
properties or detects the principals responsible for possible violations. To do
that in the asynchronous case we resort to Linear Programming techniques. We
also relate our automata with two logically based methods for specifying
contracts.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Brain-Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis dan Self-Efficacy Siswa SMA
Authors: Sukoco Heru , Mahmudi Ali
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Brain-Based Learning (BBL) terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis (KKMAT) dan self-efficacy siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu menggunakan desain grup kontrol tidak secara acak dengan pemberian tes awal dan tes akhir. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Jetis Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada semester kedua tahun ajaran 2012/2013 yang terdiri atas tiga kelas. Dua kelas dipilih sebagai sampel penelitian, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes KKMAT dan skala self-efficacy. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji t dan uji multivariat (MANOVA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan pendekatan BBL berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan self-efficacy siswa.Kata Kunci: Pendekatan Brain-Based Learning, kemampuan komunikasi matematis, self-efficacy The Effect of Brain-Based Learning Approach toward the Mathematical Communication Ability and Self-Efficacy of Senior High School Students AbstractThis study aimed to describe the effect of the instruction using Brain-Based Learning Approach (BBLA) toward students’ mathematical communication ability (MCA) and self-efficacy. This study adopted a pretest-posttest nonrandomized control group design in a quasi-experimental setting. The population comprised all students grade XI IPA of SMA Negeri 1 Jetis D. I. Yogyakarta in the second semester of the academic year 2012/2013 consisting of three classes. Two classes were selected as the research sample, namely experimental class and control class. The instruments of the study were a test of MCA and scale of self-efficacy. The data were analized using the one sample t test and MANOVA test. The findings of the study show that the instruction using BBLA has an effect on students’ mathematical communication ability and self-efficacy.Keywords: Brain-Based Learning Approach (BBLA), mathematical communication ability, self-efficacy
Keefektifan pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing dengan budaya lokal ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar
Authors: Ulfah Maria
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan keefektifan pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing, pembelajaran dengan budaya lokal, dan pembelajaran konvensional dalam pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar; (2) mendeskripsikan ada tidaknya perbedaan keefektifan ketiga metode pembelajaran tersebut; (3) mendeskripsikan pembelajaran mana yang lebih efektif diantara pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing dan pembelajaran dengan budaya lokal dalam pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan rancangan non equivalent group design menggunakan dua kelompok eksperimen. Populasi penelitian semua siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 4 dan SMK Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing, pembelajaran menggunakan budaya lokal, serta pembelajaran konvensional tidak efektif ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar; (2) terdapat perbedaan keefektifan yang signifikan antara pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing, pembelajaran dengan budaya lokal, dan pembelajaran konvensional dalam pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar; (3) pembelajaran menggunakan budaya lokal lebih efektif daripada pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing ditinjau dari prestasi dan motivasi belajar.Kata Kunci: pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing, budaya local, prestasi dan motivasi belajar. The effectivnees of the guided discovery learning with local culture in tearm of students achievement and motivation AbstractThis study aimed to: (1) describe the effectiveness of guided discovery learning, local cultural learning, and conventional learning in terms of students’ achievement and motivation; (2) describe wether there was difference of effectiveness among the three methods; and (3) describe learning method which was more effective between guided discovery learning and local cultural learning in terms of students’ achievement and motivation. This study was a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent group design using two experimental groups. The study population  were all grade X students of SMKN 4 and SMKN 6 Yogyakarta. Instruments used were in the form of achievement tests and questionnaires. The results show that: (1) guided discovery learning, local cultural learning, and conventional learning were not effective in terms of students’ achievement and motivation;( 2) there were differences significantly in the effectiveness between guided discovery learning, local cultural learning, and conventional learning; and (3) local cultural learning was more effective than guided discovery learning in terms of students’ achievement and motivation.Keywords: guided discovery learning, local cultural learning, achievement, learning motivation.
Pengembangan pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing untuk meningkatkan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar geometri di SMP
Authors: Nuriyatin Siti , Hartono Hartono
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis penemuan terbimbing untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar matematika pada bangun ruang di SMP. Perangkat yang dikembangkan meliputi silabus, 3 RPP, 8 handout, 8 LKS, 1 perangkat tes ketercapain pada bangun ruang sisi datar; serta   silabus, 3 RPP, 2 handout, 4 LKS, 1 perangkat tes ketercapaian kompetensi pada bangun ruang sisi lengkung. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (research &development) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D yaitu define, design, development, dan disseminate. Kevalidan perangkat ditinjau dari penilaian para ahli, kepraktisan ditinjau dari penilaian guru, penilaian peserta didik, dan observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Keefektifan ditinjau dari tes ketercapaian kompetensi, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan motivasi belajar matematika peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan valid, praktis, dan efektif.Kata kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, penemuan terbimbing, berpikir kritis, motivasi belajar matematika Developing of guided inquiry-based learning to increase critical thinking and motivation to learn on geometry in junior high school AbstractThis research is aimed to describe the development phase of guided inquiry-based learning package to increase critical thinking ablity and motivation to learn mathematics on solid figures and describe the quality of the developed product. The learning package consist of syllabus, 3 lesson plans, 8 handouts, 8 student work sheets, a competency achievement test on plane solid figure; and syllabus, 3 lesson plans, 2 handouts, 4 student work sheets, a competency achievement test on curve solid figure. This research is a developmental research study. The model of the instructional package in this research was adapted from 4-D development model. It consisted of five phases: define, design, develop, dan disseminate. The result of validation by expert jugdement shows that the kit that is developed is of valid category for each learning kit that has been developed. The aspects of practicality was of very practice category as seen from the evaluation by the teachers, evaluation by the students, and implementation of the learning. The aspect of effectiveness could be reached from the competency achievement test results, critical thinking ability test results, and the results of questionnaires of student’s motivation to learn mathematics. The result of this research is an instructional package component on solid figures is valid, practical, and effective.Keywords: development, instructional package, guided inquiry, critical thinking, motivation to learn mathematics
Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran dengan model PBL berorientasi pada kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan inisiatif siswa
Authors: Cahyono Anggoro Eko Yuni
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika dengan model PBL yang berkualitas baik. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terdiri dari Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation). Subjek uji coba penelitian adalah 65 siswa (33 siswa dari kelas VIII A dan 32 siswa dari kelas VIII D) dan satu guru di SMP N 2 Karangnongko Klaten. Penelitian ini mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika dengan model PBL berupa Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Hasil validasi menunjukkan perangkat yang dikembangkan valid dengan kriteria sangat baik. Kepraktisan pada uji coba lapangan mencapai kategori sangat baik dengan rata-rata keterlaksanaan 94,03%. Keefektifan perangkat yang dikembangkan terlihat dari (1) ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal sudah mencapai kriteria minimal 75% yaitu untuk tes prestasi belajar mencapai 89,23%; (2) hasil tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif mencapai 84,62%; dan (3) berdasarkan angket tingkat inisiatif siswa, 95,38% siswa menunjukkan peningkatan skor tingkat inisiatif belajar, dan 84,62% siswa menunjukkan tingkat inisiatif belajar dengan kriteria minimal tinggi.Kata Kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, PBL Developing Instructional Kits with PBL Model Oriented to Creative Thingking and the Initiation of the Students AbstractThis research aims to produce mathematics instructional kits with PBL’s model which has good quality. The instructional kits which are developed consists of lesson plans and student’s worksheets. This study was research and development that used ADDIE’s model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects of this research involved 65 students (33 students of class VIII A and 32 students of class VIII D) and one teacher at SMP N 2 Karangnongko Klaten. This research developed the instructional kits of mathematic with PBL model with the student’s worksheet and the lesson plans which are valid, practical and effective. The result of validation shows that the kits developed are valid in a very good criterion. The practicality on field trials achieves excellent category with an average adherence to 94.03%. Effectiveness of instructional kits are developed by (1) classical learning completeness reaching at least 89.23%; (2) result of thinking creative test reaching at least 84.62%; and (3) based on the questionnaire of the level of initiative student, 95.38% of students shows increased scores for the level of initiative learning, and 84.62% of the student shows the level of initiative learning with minimum category of “high”. Keywords: development, intructional kits, PBL