bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influencing factors and establishment of a prediction model for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: liu zhiyu , xu dong , chen xihao , li jipeng
Published: July 2023

Purpose
To analyze the influencing factors of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer and construct an efficacy prediction model.
Methods
A total of 158 LARC patients who underwent total mesenteric excision after receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy treatment at the First Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Medical University from January 2016 to December 2020 were enrolled. Baseline clinical indicators before neoadjuvant therapy were collected, including laboratory data, tumor markers and MRI. The efficacy prediction model was constructed through the R language, the predictive performance of the model was evaluated using DCA curves and calibration curves, and the accuracy of the model was tested through 10-fold cross-validation.
Results
Ninety-eight patients achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR), with an overall response rate was 62%. Sixty patients had a poor neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response, either stable disease (SD) or progressive disease (PD). Pretreatment tumor diameter, time to surgery after neoadjuvant therapy, D-dimer, Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) were included in the prediction model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the LARC neoadjuvant radiotherapy prediction model was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.780–0.899), with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 72%.In the calibration curve, the predicted results are in good agreement with the actual results, with good prediction accuracy; the DCA curve shows that the efficacy prediction model can bring clinical net benefit to diagnosis.
Conclusion
Pretreatment tumor diameter, time to surgery after neoadjuvant therapy, D-dimer, PNI, CEA and EMVI are independent risk factors for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in LARC patients. The efficacy prediction model based on the above factors has good predictive efficacy for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in LARC patients.
Breeding trials in water-stress conditions: identification of sensitive traits in early stages and characterization of a tropical maize public panel
Authors: Machado Ingrid Pinheiro , Pontes Fernanda Carla Ferreira , Silveira Maria Valnice Souza , Lobo Antônio Lucas Aguiar , Siqueira Michele Jorge Silva , Fritsche-Neto Roberto , DoVale Júlio César
Published: July 2023

One of the major goals of modern agriculture is to achieve increased crop yield using less water. Despite the significant advances in genomics, a phenotypic characterization efficient is essential for the success of a modern breeding program, which wants to speed up the genetic gains by deploying selection in the early stages. Thus, this study aimed to identify which traits are most important to discriminate the maize genotypes to support early selection under contrasting water availability conditions. For this, we used a public diversity panel consisting of 360 tropical maize inbred lines, involving two conditions, well-watered (WW) and water-stress (WS), in eight trials. Evaluations were carried out in the phenological stage V6 for shoot and root traits. There was a significant variation in the panel performance, mainly for root traits under WS conditions, composing six clusters. However, the traits showed a similar pattern of clustering evidenced by principal components in WW and WS conditions. Moreover, a strong relationship was found among the roots' length, surface area, and volume. Based on this, we suggest discarding the most error-prone ones. Our results showed via Redundancy Analysis (RDA) that plant height, stalk diameter, and lateral roots length are traits more sensitive to WS and, therefore, may be considered in early selection in breeding programs aiming for water use efficiency.
THeragnostic Utilities for Neoplastic DisEases of the Rectum by MRI guided radiotherapy (THUNDER 2) phase II trial: Interim Safety Analysis
Authors: Chiloiro Giuditta , Romano Angela , Cusumano Davide , Boldrini Luca , Panza Giulia , Placidi Lorenzo , Meldolesi Elisa , Nardini Matteo , Meffe Guenda , Nicolini Gianluca , Votta Claudio , Indovina Luca , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta
Published: July 2023

Background
The THUNDER-2 trial investigates the benefits of MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) in treating locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study focuses on evaluating the impact of escalating radiation therapy doses in poor responders using the Early Tumour Regression Index (ERI) for complete responses. This interim analysis assesses the feasibility and safety of the proposed MRIgRT dose escalation strategy.
Methods
Stage cT2-3, N0-2, or cT4 patients with anal sphincter involvement, N0-2a, M0, but without high-risk features were enrolled. MRIgRT treatment consisted of a standard dose of 55 Gy to the Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) and mesorectum, and 45 Gy to the mesorectum and drainage nodes in 25 fractions with concomitant chemotherapy. 0.35 T MRI was used for simulation imaging and daily alignment. ERI was calculated at the 10th fraction. Non-responders with an ERI above 13.1 received intensified dose escalation from the 11th fraction, resulting in a total dose of 60.1 Gy. Acute toxicity was assessed using the CTCAE v.5 scale.
Results
From March 2021 to November 2022, 33 out of 63 patients (52.4%) were included, with one withdrawal unrelated to treatment. Sixteen patients (50%) underwent dose escalation. Treatment was well tolerated, with only one patient (3.1%) in the standard treatment group experiencing acute Grade 3 diarrhea, proctitis, and cystitis. No significant differences in toxicity were observed between the two groups.
Conclusions
MRIgRT treatment with dose escalation up to 60.1 Gy is well tolerated in LARC patients predicted as non-responders by ERI, confirming the feasibility and safety of this approach. The THUNDER-2 trial's primary and secondary endpoints will be fully analyzed when all planned patients are enrolled.
Approved immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Wang Fang , You Zhiyu , Deng Dongyang , He Jiangyan , Yan Wentao , Quan Jian , Wang Jing , Yan Shujuan
Published: July 2023

Purpose A meta-analysis was performed to assess the benefits and safety profile of approved immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Methods Eligible studies were searched from Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases based on a well-established strategy. Review manager version 5.4 was employed for data analysis.Results Following the exclusion of ineligible studies, eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with control group, immune checkpoint inhibitors were associated with improved ORR (OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.82–4.73, P < 0.00001), DCR (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02–1.35, P = 0.02), SD (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.89, P = 0.002), and more risk of all caused any-grade adverse events (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.03–2.60, P = 0.004). However, no significant differences were observed in PD (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82–1.12, P = 0.59), OS (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.66–0.87, P = 0.25), PFS (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.87, P = 0.24) and all caused grade 3 or 4 adverse events (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.98–1.52, P = 0.07), treatment-related any grade adverse events (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.48–2.07, P = 0.98), treatment-related grade 3 or 4 events (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.81–1.35, P = 0.72) between the two groups. After studies with nivolumab as a monotherapy excluded, patients in the immune checkpoint inhibitor group showed significant improvements in OS (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58–0.77, P < 0.00001) and PFS (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.54–0.71, P < 0.00001).Conclusion Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated peculiar benefits in the treatment of HCC with an acceptable safety profile. Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with other medications may be more beneficial for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Object Detection Performance: A Comparative Study
Authors: Qaddour Jihad
Published: July 2023

Object detection is a critical task in computer vision with applications in many domains. Recent advances in deep learning have led to significant improvements in the performance of object detectors. This paper presents a comparative performance analysis of generic object detectors, with a focus on single-stage and two-stage detectors. The paper first discusses the taxonomy of object detection algorithms, and then presents a detailed performance comparison of single-stage and two-stage detectors. The performance of different detectors was evaluated on two different datasets, Microsoft COCO and PASCAL VOC 2012. The results showed that DetectoRS is a state-of-the-art two-stage object detector, outperforms all other two-stage models. While YOLOv4 and FCOS are the two most accurate single-stage detectors. The comparative results also show that single-stage detectors are generally less accurate than two-stage detectors, but they are typically faster. The paper also includes the strengths and weaknesses of different object detection approaches and identifies promising directions for future research.
On the Advantages of a Different Redshift Scale-factor Relation.
Authors: Hunter John
Published: July 2023

In the 25 years following the introduction of dark energy to cosmology there has been little progress in understanding this phenomenon. Recently the Hubble tension has also arisen. Therefore a radical solution is considered - to change the redshift scale-factor relation. A new relation explains why Concordance Cosmology, possibly using the wrong relation, needs an apparently low matter density and dark energy. There are solutions to the flatness problem, the coincidence problem and the Hubble tension.
Adaptive data mining as a tool to predict mining machinery and equipment assembly life
Authors: Khramovskikh V. A. , Shevchenko A. N. , Nepomnyashchikh K. A.
Published: July 2023

Mining industry is one of the most important economic sectors in the modern world. Complex working conditions, high loads and the need for continuous monitoring of equipment technical condition require highly qualified specialists and effective tools to analyze large data volumes. Failure analysis of mining machinery and equipment is one of the important processes to determine and eliminate the causes of failures in order to improve the reliability and safety of machinery and equipment operation. The use of modern methods of statistical data processing makes this process more efficient and accurate. The development of a tool for failure analysis of mining machines and equipment can be very beneficial to mining companies. By analyzing the data on mining machines and equipment failures, identifying the primary causes of failures and providing corrective recommendations, the analysis tool can prevent equipment failures, improve machine safety and performance. The development of this tool requires an interdisciplinary approach as it should be user-friendly and scalable. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to present a creation method of an adaptive tool for the Microsoft Excel-based analysis of mining machine failures. The authors consider the basic operation principles of this tool, its functional composition and application potential under various operating conditions of mining equipment. Much attention is paid to the description of the main operation algorithm of the program, which makes it possible to efficiently process large volumes of data, produce accurate results and display them in the form convenient for reliability level estimation and transition to the forecasting of mining machinery and equipment assembly life. Further improvement of the tool for adaptive analysis of data on mining machine operation, within the framework of this study, can be performed by adding new parameters or automation of the troubleshooting processes using neural networks.
Recent Advances in the Impact of Antibiotic and Antioxidant
Multifunctional Hydrogel on Diabetic Wounds Healing
Authors: Bhardwaj Harish , Joshi Renjil , Khute Sulekha , Jangde Rajendra Kumar
Published: July 2023

Hyperglycemia is a metabolic illness characterized by diabetes mellitus. Chronic hyperglycemia
can lead to infection, production of more reactive oxygen species, chronic inflammation, and
impaired angiogenesis, thus increasing the wound’s healing time. As the diabetic wound healing process
is a more complex pathology, the demand to develop a topical application has emerged. This review
focuses on the diabetic wound, wound healing, and the factors that influence diabetic wound
healing. It also highlights the impact of combination delivery of antibiotics and antioxidants loaded
with multifunctional hydrogel on diabetic wound healing. Due to the immense financial strain caused
by this pathology, there is a need for other effective novel methods for wound healing. Therefore, multifunctional
hydrogels, which are effective and have been used mainly as a carrier system for diabetic
wound treatment, have been studied. Hence, the application of antibiotics and antioxidants loaded with
multifunctional hydrogel in treating diabetic wounds is reviewed. Hydrogels present a significant theoretical
reference for diabetic wound healing.
Selection criteria for minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of urolithiasis depending on stone characteristics
Authors: Sorokin N. I. , Afanasyevskaya E. V. , Kadysheva A. M. , Gevorkyan Z. A. , Pazin I. S. , Shurygina А. S. , Kolygina E. V. , Strigunov A. A. , Tivtikyan A. S. , Dzitiev V. K. , Orlov I. N. , Kamalov A. A.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. According to the guidelines, the stone maximum diameter is one of the main criteria for choosing the method of nephrolithotripsy. When planning an operation, the surgeon focuses not only on the diameter, but also on the renal pelvis anatomy, stone density and number of it, the presence of hydronephrosis, a history of surgery, etc. The maximum diameter is not an exhaustive characteristic that allows you to choose the optimal treatment.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of stone volume (compared to its maximum diameter) on the duration of minimally invasive endoscopic nephrolithotripsy.

Materials & methods. The study was retrospective. The study included 55 patients (22 women, 33 men), the average age was 47.0 ± 1.9 years. All patients underwent minimally invasive thulium fiber laser nephrolithotripsy for stones up to 20 mm (mean maximum diameter — 13.3 ± 0.6 mm, mean density — 1041.0 ± 48.0 HU). Minimally invasive endoscopic interventions such as retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS, n = 30), minipercutaneous and micropercutaneous nephrolithotripsy (miniPNL, n = 16 and microPNL, n = 9, respectively) were performed. Patients with urinary system abnormalities, acute urinary tract infections and patients without stone-free status were excluded from the study. In addition to evaluating standard indicators, the stone volume was calculated in all patients using the formula of a scalene ellipsoid (median volume — 287 [144; 538] mm3). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) with an assessment of the significance level was calculated for the stone maximum diameter and volume for the total sample of patients and for each surgical intervention method separately.

Results. The analysis of the total sample of patients reliably revealed a weak correlation (r = 0.39) between the stone maximum diameter and surgery time. And a moderate correlation was found between the stone volume and surgery time (r = 0.53). A similar relationship with the linear distribution was also observed in the analysis in all groups.

Conclusion. When choosing minimally invasive laser nephrolithotripsy, it is advisable to focus not only on the stone maximum diameter, density, and localisation, but also on the stone volume, which has a great correlation with the surgery time.
Penile rehabilitation in patients following surgical treatment of Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Yusufov A. G. , Sokolov N. M. , Mammaev R. U.
Published: July 2023

Peyronie's disease (PD) is an acquired disease, which is based on a violation of the wound healing process, which results in the formation of fibrous plaques in the tunica albuginea of the cavernous bodies. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among patients with PD ranges from 22% to 54%, according to various studies. Surgical treatment remains the "gold standard" for correcting penile curvature in PD. It is important to note that the existing methods of PD surgery (techniques with shortening or lengthening of the tunica albuginea) carry the risks of developing ED or aggravating its severity. At the same time, the absence of adequate sexual rehabilitation following PD surgery is associated with a significant deterioration in functional outcomes. In view of the above, the article is aimed to systematise information on penile rehabilitation methods in patients following PD surgery, which showed that the problem remains relevant to the present day. Most existing penile rehabilitation methods are currently not sufficiently investigated, and it is therefore impossible to give clear recommendations on the use of any method. The small number of well-designed and randomised studies on this problem is noteworthy, most likely due to the relative rarity of the disease.
Mucin-poor mucinous tubular and spindle cell kidney cancer and clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a rare clinical case
Authors: Grebenkin E. V. , Malhanov Sh. V. , Agibalov D. Y. , Rukhadze G. O. , Kryuchkov I. R. , Fedotov V. V.
Published: July 2023

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney is a rare low-grade malignant tumour and accounts for less than 1% of all renal neoplasms. The classic morphological structure of the tumor is represented by three elements: spindle cells, ducts and myxoid or mucinous stroma. This tumor is indolent with a low risk of metastasis and a favorable outcome. However, cases with relapses, metastases to regional lymph nodes, and distant metastases, which were mainly characterised by high nuclear atypia, sarcomatoid transformation and other atypical morphological features are described in the literature. Several cases of mucin-poor and mucin-free mucinous tubular and spindle cell renal cell carcinoma have also been presented, making it difficult to differentiate from other renal cell carcinomas. There are reports of cases of mucin poor mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma, which were accompanied by relapses and metastases. Thus, although the tumour is indolent, careful follow-up is necessary even after radical excision. In this article, we report a rare clinical case of combination of mucin-poor mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma of the kidney in a 50-year-old man. The results of clinical and instrumental studies, as well as the morphological features of both tumors are presented. Due to the atypical morphological structure of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma, the final diagnosis was possible using an immunohistochemical method, which demonstrated the immunohistochemical profile characteristic of this tumour.
Possibilities and features of zero-ischemia nephron-sparing surgery in localized kidney cancer
Authors: Seregin A. V. , Loran O. B. , Seregin A. A. , Shustitskiy N. A. , Seregin I. V. , Bessolova O. V. , Indarokov T. R.
Published: July 2023

Kidney cancer (KCa) is one of the greatest challenges in oncological urology due to the increase in morbidity and mortality rates annually. In the treatment of KCa, preservation of renal function is an important objective, in addition to achieving oncological results. The article presents the experience of treatment of 175 KCa-patients of pT1a – T2aN0M0 stages, who underwent nephron-saving surgery (NSS) with preventive hemostatic sutures. Functional outcomes of NSS were studied in the groups without cross-linking (group 1; n = 150) and with cross-linking of the renal pedicle (group 2; n = 25). Kidney resection with prophylactic suturing has been shown to allow removal of a tumour of almost any localisation. By avoiding cross-linking of the renal pedicle during surgery, post-ischemic changes in the renal parenchyma are minimised. Thus, one month after surgery, the perfusion indexes in groups 1 & 2 were 45.2 ± 3.0% vs 35.5 ± 3.3%; renal indexes were 44.8 ± 2.4% vs 39.1 ± 1.4%; areas of the functioning parenchyma were 52.0 ± 10.0% vs 35.0 ± 9.0%, respectively.
Dynamics of inflammatory reaction markers in patients under endourological interventions
Authors: Malkhasyan V. A. , Kim Yu. A. , Grickov I. O. , Pushkar D. Yu.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Urolithiasis is one of the most widespread urological diseases and infectious complications remain one of the most common adverse events after surgical interventions for urolithiasis. Currently, in routine clinical practice in most clinics in the country, for the purpose of postoperative control and detection of infectious complications is used: a clinical blood test with assessment of the dynamics of the blood leukocyte count. Unfortunately, the current edition of the clinical guidelines does not contain recommendations on what indicators of postoperative follow-up examinations the clinician should focus on in order to identify infectious and inflammatory complications. For this reason, the study of the value of other markers of the inflammatory response appears to be an actual task.

Objective. To assess the relationship between the dynamics of laboratory markers of infectious-inflammatory complications and the incidence of infectious-inflammatory response after endoscopic stone removal.

Materials & methods. The prospective cohort study included 217 patients diagnosed with urolithiasis and underwent surgical removal of stones by endoscopic method. Of total patient numbers, 43 patients underwent ureteroscopy (URS) with lithotripsy, 152 patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL), and 22 patients underwent flexible ureterolithotripsy with lithotripsy. An analysis of demographics, clinical parameters and postoperative complications was performed as a descriptive analysis. Patients underwent a standard list of laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The mandatory control of body temperature was carried out t.i.d. daily. Before surgical treatment, indicators of WBC, LYMP, CRP, and ESR content were recorded on the first and second days after surgical treatment.

Results. Postoperative fever was recorded in 40 (18.5%) patients. During the postoperative period, an increase in CRP and ESR was observed in both the fever and the normal temperature group, exceeding the reference values on the first day. At the same time, in the fever group (in 40 patients — 18.5%), a significantly higher increase in CRP and ESR was observed (685% vs 323%) for CRP and (146% vs 80%) for ESR. According to the results obtained in our study, CRP and ESR indicators demonstrate the most clinically significant dynamics in patients with postoperative fever, increasing by more than 500% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions. Endoscopic removal of urinary stones is a safe treatment option in patients with sterile urine cultures. After endoscopic stone removal, all patients experience such reactive changes in peripheral blood parameters as: an increase in the level of leukocytes, lymphopenia, an increase in ESR and CRP levels. Indicators of CRP and ESR demonstrate the most clinically indicative dynamics.
Playfulness and New Technologies in Hand Therapy for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Scoping Review
Authors: Pinos Cisneros Tamara Veronica , Brons Annette , Kröse Ben , Schouten Ben , Ludden Geke
Published: July 2023

Background

Innovative technologies such as game consoles and smart toys used with games or playful approaches have proven to be successful and attractive in providing effective and motivating hand therapy for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Thus, there is an increased interest in designing and implementing interventions that can improve the well-being of these children. However, to understand how and why these interventions are motivating children, we need a better understanding of the playful elements of technology-supported hand therapy.

Objective

This scoping review aims to identify the playful elements and the innovative technologies currently used in hand therapy for children with CP.

Methods

We included studies that design or evaluate interventions for children with CP that use innovative technologies with game or play strategies. Data were extracted and analyzed based on the type of technology, description of the system, and playful elements according to the Lenses of Play, a play design toolkit. A total of 31 studies were included in the analysis.

Results

Overall, 54 papers were included in the analysis. The results showed high use of consumer technologies in hand therapy for children with CP. Although several studies have used a combination of consumer technologies with therapeutic-specific technologies, only a few studies focused on the exclusive use of therapeutic-specific technologies. To analyze the playfulness of these interventions that make use of innovative technologies, we focused our review on 3 lenses of play: Open-ended Play, where it was found that the characteristics of ludus, such as a structured form of play and defined goals and rules, were the most common, whereas strategies that relate to paidia were less common. The most commonly used Forms of Play were physical or active form and games with rules. Finally, the most popular Playful experiences were control, challenge, and competition.

Conclusions

The inventory and analysis of innovative technology and playful elements provided in this study can be a starting point for new developments of fun and engaging tools to assist hand therapy for children with CP.
Effects of a Gamified Agent-Based System for Personalized Elderly Care: Pilot Usability Study
Authors: Martinho Diogo , Crista Vítor , Carneiro João , Matsui Kenji , Corchado Juan Manuel , Marreiros Goreti
Published: July 2023

Background

The global percentage of older people has increased significantly over the last decades. Information and communication technologies have become essential to develop and motivate them to pursue healthier ways of living. This paper examines a personalized coaching health care service designed to maintain living conditions and active aging among older people. Among the technologies the service includes, we highlight the use of both gamification and cognitive assistant technologies designed to support older people and an application combining a cognitive virtual assistant to directly interact with the older person and provide feedback on their current health condition and several gamification techniques to motivate the older person to stay engaged with the application and pursuit of healthier daily habits.

Objective

This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility and usability of a gamified agent-based system for older people and obtain preliminary results on the effectiveness of the intervention regarding physical activity health outcomes.

Methods

The study was designed as an intervention study comparing pre- and posttest results. The proposed gamified agent-based system was used by 12 participants over 7 days (1 week), and step count data were collected with access to the Google Fit application programming interface. Step count data after the intervention were compared with average step count data before the intervention (average daily values over a period of 4 weeks before the intervention). A　1-tailed Student t test was used to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Usability was measured using the System Usability Scale questionnaire, which was answered by 8 of the 12 participants in the study.

Results

The posttest results showed significant pre- to posttest changes (P=.30; 1-tailed Student t test) with a moderate effect size (Cohen d=0.65). The application obtained an average usability score of 78.

Conclusions

The presented pilot was validated, showing the positive health effects of using gamification techniques and a virtual cognitive assistant. Additionally, usability metrics considered for this study confirmed high adherence and interest from most participants in the pilot.
Determinants of Intravenous Infusion Longevity and Infusion Failure via a Nonlinear Model Analysis of Smart Pump Event Logs: Retrospective Study
Authors: Kia Arash , Waterson James , Bargary Norma , Rolt Stuart , Burke Kevin , Robertson Jeremy , Garcia Samuel , Benavoli Alessio , Bergström David
Published: July 2023

Background

Infusion failure may have severe consequences for patients receiving critical, short–half-life infusions. Continued interruptions to infusions can lead to subtherapeutic therapy.

Objective

This study aims to identify and rank determinants of the longevity of continuous infusions administered through syringe drivers, using nonlinear predictive models. Additionally, this study aims to evaluate key factors influencing infusion longevity and develop and test a model for predicting the likelihood of achieving successful infusion longevity.

Methods

Data were extracted from the event logs of smart pumps containing information on care profiles, medication types and concentrations, occlusion alarm settings, and the final infusion cessation cause. These data were then used to fit 5 nonlinear models and evaluate the best explanatory model.

Results

Random forest was the best-fit predictor, with an F1-score of 80.42, compared to 5 other models (mean F1-score 75.06; range 67.48-79.63). When applied to infusion data in an individual syringe driver data set, the predictor model found that the final medication concentration and medication type were of less significance to infusion longevity compared to the rate and care unit. For low-rate infusions, rates ranging from 2 to 2.8 mL/hr performed best for achieving a balance between infusion longevity and fluid load per infusion, with an occlusion versus no-occlusion ratio of 0.553. Rates between 0.8 and 1.2 mL/hr exhibited the poorest performance with a ratio of 1.604. Higher rates, up to 4 mL/hr, performed better in terms of occlusion versus no-occlusion ratios.

Conclusions

This study provides clinicians with insights into the specific types of infusion that warrant more intense observation or proactive management of intravenous access; additionally, it can offer valuable information regarding the average duration of uninterrupted infusions that can be expected in these care areas. Optimizing rate settings to improve infusion longevity for continuous infusions, achieved through compounding to create customized concentrations for individual patients, may be possible in light of the study’s outcomes. The study also highlights the potential of machine learning nonlinear models in predicting outcomes and life spans of specific therapies delivered via medical devices.
Developing and Testing the Usability of a Novel Child Abuse Clinical Decision Support System: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Thomas Amy , Asnes Andrea , Libby Kyle , Hsiao Allen , Tiyyagura Gunjan
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Despite the impact of physical abuse on children, it is often underdiagnosed, especially among children evaluated in general emergency departments (EDs) and those belonging to racial or ethnic minority groups. Electronic clinical decision support (CDS) can improve the recognition of child physical abuse.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to develop and test the usability of a natural language processing–based child abuse CDS system, known as the Child Abuse Clinical Decision Support (CA-CDS), to alert ED clinicians about high-risk injuries suggestive of abuse in infants’ charts.

METHODS

Informed by available evidence, a multidisciplinary team, including an expert in user design, developed the CA-CDS prototype that provided evidence-based recommendations for the evaluation and management of suspected child abuse when triggered by documentation of a high-risk injury. Content was customized for medical versus nursing providers and initial versus subsequent exposure to the alert. To assess the usability of and refine the CA-CDS, we interviewed 24 clinicians from 4 EDs about their interactions with the prototype. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using conventional content analysis.

RESULTS

Overall, 5 main categories of themes emerged from the study. CA-CDS benefits included providing an extra layer of protection, providing evidence-based recommendations, and alerting the entire clinical ED team. The user-centered, workflow-compatible design included soft-stop alert configuration, editable and automatic documentation, and attention-grabbing formatting. Recommendations for improvement included consolidating content, clearer design elements, and adding a hyperlink with additional resources. Barriers to future implementation included alert fatigue, hesitancy to change, and concerns regarding documentation. Facilitators of future implementation included stakeholder buy-in, provider education, and sharing the test characteristics. On the basis of user feedback, iterative modifications were made to the prototype.

CONCLUSIONS

With its user-centered design and evidence-based content, the CA-CDS can aid providers in the real-time recognition and evaluation of infant physical abuse and has the potential to reduce the number of missed cases.
AI Hesitancy and Acceptability: Perceptions of AI Chatbots for Chronic Health Management and Long-COVID Support (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Philip Fei , Summers Charlotte , Panesar Arjun , Kaura Amit , Zhang Li
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

AI chatbots have the potential to assist individuals with long-term health conditions by providing tailored information, monitoring symptoms, and offering emotional support. Despite their potential benefits, research on public attitudes towards healthcare chatbots is still limited. To effectively support individuals with long-term health conditions like Long COVID, it is crucial to understand their perspectives and preferences regarding the use of AI chatbots.

OBJECTIVE

This study has two main objectives: 1) to explore the perceptions of individuals regarding the use of AI chatbots for chronic health management and Long-COVID support; 2) to provide technology developers with insights into health chatbot design and acceptance.

METHODS

A web-based survey study targeting individuals with chronic health conditions was conducted. This specific population was chosen due to their potential awareness and ability to self-manage their condition. The survey aimed to capture data at multiple intervals, considering that the public launch of ChatGPT took place during the project timeline and could impact public opinions. The survey attracted 1,310 clicks and 900 participants.

RESULTS

Less than a third of respondents indicated that they were likely to use a health chatbot in the next 12 months if available. Most were uncertainty about AI chatbot’s capability of providing accurate medical advice. However, people seemed more receptive of using voice-based chatbots for mental wellbeing, health data collection and analysis. Half of the respondents suffering from Long COVID showed interest in using emotionally intelligent chatbots.

CONCLUSIONS

AI hesitancy is not uniform across all health domains and user groups. Despite the persistent AI hesitancy, there are promising opportunities for AI chatbots to offer support for chronic conditions in areas of mental well-being and lifestyle enhancement, potentially through the implementation of voice-based user interfaces.
Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Indonesian Field Workers amidst Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Fitriani Dewi Yunia , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Raharjanti Natalia Widiasih , Adi Nuri Purwito , Isbayuputra Marsen , Sumirat Ratih Nurdiany , Ramadianto Adhitya Sigit , Nugrahadi Nadia Rahmadiani , Pujo Jean Marc , Kallel Hatem
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unusual stress exposure that may have contributed to mental health disorders. The oil and gas industry, as one of essential industry, had to adopt coping strategies to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission, which caused longer work rotation cycles and increased workload due to the limited number of field workers. Combined with fear of COVID-19 infection, those changes may participate to an increase in mental health issues among them.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Indonesian oil and gas field workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted during early phase of COVID-19, from November 2020 to January 2021. The subjects were field workers still working during the pandemic, with a minimum working period of 1 year, and who were not treated for mental illness during the research. Data on the subjects’ symptoms were collected using the PTSD Check List–Civilian Version.

RESULTS

A total of 1,542 completed forms were analyzed. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 44.8% with 9.1% of very severe forms. Independent factors associated with PTSD symptoms were female gender (p=0.013, OR 1.72 [95%IC 1.12– 2.63]), change in work system (p=0.006, OR 1.37 [95%IC 1.09 – 1.71]), increased workload (p<0.001, OR 2.10 [95%IC 1.63– 2.71]), and decreased income (p=0.041, OR 1.44 [95%IC 1.02– 2.05]).

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 crisis was a stressor causing a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms among oil and gas companies’ workers. Implementing mental health programs is required to prevent and manage work-related stress and severe disruptions due to pandemic-related work system changes.
The History of the Russian State by Boris Akunin is Grigori Chkhartishvili’s game of conspiracy?
Authors: Elfimova Mariya G.
Published: July 2023

The author deals with the question of Chkhartishvili’s pen names and their role in his work. The characteristics of literary masks, history of their appearance are presented. A general analysis of Chkhartishvili's literary activity and the evolution of his style is also given. The features of the use of various images “tried on” by the writer when creating the main works are analyzed, the necessity of referring to pseudonyms is justified. The main part of the work is devoted to the problem of authorship in the project History of the Russian State, as well as an explanation of the motives that guide G. Chkhartishvili, publishing a historical work under the pseudonym of Boris Akunin. An assessment of Akunin's writing style, his ability to transform familiar genres to the needs of the audience, time, author's tasks, etc., is presented, and the project's fiction texts are overall analyzed. Conclusions are made about the literary image of Chkhartishvili-Akunin as an alternative hero involved in the creation of a historical project. This fact suggests that the writer once again demonstrates his ability to reincarnate, change plot and style and, of course, transform the manner of writing, when working on a particular work of fiction.
Translation and criticism of the works of Leo Tolstoy in Shanghai at the beginning of the 20th century
Authors: Yang Minmin
Published: July 2023

The translation, dissemination, and criticism of Leo Tolstoy's works by Shanghai intellectuals in the early 20th century are discussed. The author restores the unique social and historical context in China in the first two decades of the 20th century, combs Tolstoy's works published in Shanghai and critical articles about the writer published by various newspapers and periodicals, revealing the psychological dynamics and reality of these translators and critics, and summarizes Shanghai's outstanding contributions to the dissemination of Tolstoy and the promotion of Tolstoy's research in China.
The study on Grossman’s Life and Fate in China: history and present advance
Authors: Wang Qingle
Published: July 2023

The author attempts to systematize and summarize the review works of Chinese philologists devoted to Grossman’s Life and Fate . Different Chinese translation versions of the novel are listed and two stages and three aspects of the study on this novel in China are elaborated. The author describes how the study on Life and Fate has developed in China, how scholars in Chinese academic circles view this novel, and what place this novel occupies in Chinese literary criticism. It is concluded that the study of Life and Fate began early enough in China and nowadays is experiencing a new rise. However, Chinese scholars should hold their own point of view on Grossman’s works instead of following Russian or Western scholars’ viewpoint.
The evolution of Arabic historical literature and its current trends: canons and invariants
Authors: Zarytovskaya Victoria N. , Al-Rahbi Ahmed M.
Published: July 2023

The study is devoted to the peculiarities of the development of the Arabic historical novel, the consistent transformation and “erosion” of its canons within the framework of the literary trends of the 20th and 21st centuries. The relevance of the topic, on the one hand, is due to the fact that the historical novel has not lost its significance in Arabic national literature. The share of works of this genre is still high, they occupy the first lines in the distribution of literary prizes. On the other hand, against the background of the general process of globalization, it is interesting to trace the trajectory of the development of the genre in the so-called “lagging” literature, to which many researchers rank Arabic literature. Some works of the genre fell into the focus of both Arabic, Western, as well as domestic orientalist-literary critics and were subjected to deep comprehensive consideration. Today, however, the novels of recent decades also require analysis. The purpose of the study was not just to identify the works of Arab authors that have received wide recognition in recent years, but to fit them into the paradigm of the development of the historical genre and thereby determine its direction in the near future. To do this, the authors tried to compare classical historical novels with modern ones, characterizing their heroes, describing the periods in the history of the Arab world that Arab authors addressed and continue to address within the genre, determining the degree of epic, historical authenticity, etc., in modern examples of the genre. It was found out, that classical heroes with a standard set of heroic qualities that influence the course of history are replaced by thinkers, scientists, dervishes, ordinary observers, and critical epochs and specific historical events are replaced by troubles periods - before or after a catastrophe, major transformations. Conclusions were drawn about the historicity of Arabic literature back in the pre-Islamic era, the long-term preservation of the canons of the Early Middle Ages in the genre, the sharp transformation of the genre and the refusal from the canons under the influence of postmodernism that penetration into Arabic soil in the mid 1960s coincided with the military and social upheavals of the history of Arabs. The direction of the genre, which is pronounced today towards ethnoliterature, is emphasized.
European TV in the 2020s: challenges and development trends
Authors: Ershov Yuri M.
Published: July 2023

The author examines the institutional originality of television in the countries of the European Union. The purpose of the study is to explain the nature of the institution of European broadcasting, which better than anything else reflects the idea of a common European home. A brief historical overview of the establishment of the European Broadcasting Union and cooperation between national broadcasters in Europe is given. The task is to identify the dynamics and trends in the development of the community of European broadcasters in the context of political, economic and technological changes in recent years. European TV is a testing ground for global TV, in which international (primarily American) and pan-European cross-border TV channels play an increasingly important role. Domestication of such channels occurs both through the localization of the content of programs, and through the titration of audio content in regional languages. The institutionalization of European television broadcasting takes place through various competitions and the activities of EU decentralized bodies, which are called upon to support joint projects in the field of TV, cinema, and the professional education of journalists (European Executive Agency for Education and Culture). At the same time, European television is not concerned about unification, keeping in mind the motto of the European Union - “In varietate сoncordia”. The diversity of the information space of the European continent is associated with the presence of several stable models for the functioning of television production, as well as with regional cultures that influence both media consumption patterns and television viewing volumes.
Russia and Ukraine in the mirror of each other’s TV channels
Authors: Dolgova Yulia I.
Published: July 2023

TV channels of each country usually report international news differently according to the citizen’s interests and foreign policy priorities of said country. Thus, foreign policy conflicts can be covered in multiple ways, this fact obviously does not contribute to their resolution. Research focuses on the coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation by the state-owned channels of these countries in 2014-2016. The samples include all news related to Ukraine on the Russian TV channel (Russia 1) and Russia on the Ukrainian channel (UA First) during seven weeks when the selected key events occurred. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. All news items were classified into four categories: political news, military news, economic news, social news. The considerable influence of national interest on media frames were shown. Russian and Ukrainian journalists were similarly interested in each other's events, even if the news of the moment was not directly related to the conflict. Both TV channels covered important global news, however they often selected different events which would be interesting for their national audience or related to their country's foreign policy. The both channels had been gradually losing interest in Russian-Ukrainian crisis up to 2015.
Exposure of fake news to the Indian social media users
Authors: Pandey Bandana , Kumar Guarav , Algavi Leila O. , Kumar Manish , Sharma Vishal
Published: July 2023

In the modern world, people are too techno-friendly and dependent on technology using the Internet for every work. The same goes for the news. People are shifting from traditional mass media to digital news platforms and getting news through websites, news portals, social media, etc. If you are dependent on the Internet for every kind of information, then you will face false information on the Internet. False or fake news is defined as any information that does not have any credible and reliable source behind it or any misleading information that is likely to mislead the public. The aim behind fake news transmission is to damage a person's or entity's reputation or advertising revenue. If you want not to fall into the fake news you should know about fake news detection and media literacy. The main purpose of the study is to check the exposure of fake news awareness and fake news detection methods among social media users. In the current scenario, this is much necessary to know that social media users have the advisable knowledge of fake news detection and media literacy because people easily fall into the rumors. Mob lynching is one of the biggest rumors on the Indian Internet. In this research, the survey method and questionnaire for data collection were used. The questionnaire was distributed randomly over different social media platforms and emails to the intended respondents. The findings obtained reveal that most fake or false news in India is transmitted through WhatsApp, but social media users have adequate knowledge of fake news and media literacy.