bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Role of Family, Media, Peers in Young Caucasian Men’s Understandings of Body Dissatisfaction: A Thematic Analysis Using the Tripartite Influential Model and Social Comparison Theory
Authors: Apopei Daria , Coe Jennifer , Cordoba Sebastian
Published: September 2024

This study explores the factors contributing to body dissatisfaction among young Caucasian men. It focuses on family, peers, and media influences, addressing a gap in the literature that rarely integrates men’s experiences. The research draws on the Tripartite Influence Model and Social Comparison Theory, using thematic analysis to examine semi-structured interviews with eight participants aged 20–21. The research considers participants’ sexual orientation and country of origin when analysing the data. The findings show that family, peers, and the media positively and negatively shape body dissatisfaction among participants. Positive familial support can enhance body image, while negative comments from family members and peers exacerbate dissatisfaction. Social media was found to often reinforce unattainable body standards. The research contributes to the limited literature on men’s body dissatisfaction by expanding the application of the Tripartite Influence Model and Social Comparison Theory to this population. The study underscores the need for greater societal awareness and a more inclusive approach to body image research that considers diverse ethnic backgrounds and sexual orientations. We argue that more attention needs to be paid to men’s body dissatisfaction, as men are often excluded from these discussions. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of male body image, offering a foundation for future research and societal discourse on this often-overlooked issue.
Augmented Reality in Cardiology: Enhancing Visualization and Precision
Authors: Moon In Tae , Ko Sang-Kyun , Kang Si-Hyuck , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho
Published: September 2024

Purpose of Review

With the recent advances in augmented reality (AR), cardiologists can better understand three-dimensional (3D) cardiac anatomy and improve the accuracy of complex cardiovascular procedures. In this article, we describe the current AR technology, review studies investigating AR in cardiology, and speculate on its potential future applications.

Recent Findings

When developing an AR system for cardiology, researchers should consider several components, such as image acquisition and 3D reconstruction from advanced cardiovascular imaging, image registration, rendering on display devices, and human-computer interaction. In this article, we reviewed AR applications in various cardiology fields, including coronary and vascular interventions, structural heart interventions, electrophysiological procedures, vascular access, and cardiovascular surgery. In procedural and surgical planning, AR can provide preprocedural 3D imaging of the cardiac anatomy. Real-time AR imaging potentially reduces procedural time, radiation exposure, and contrast use. It improves accuracy and success rates. Furthermore, AR improves healthcare providers’ training and education and may contribute to reducing the learning curve.

Applying AR in cardiology is promising because it provides a virtual heart anatomy in the physical world. Future studies are required to prove its clinical applicability and demonstrate its safety and efficacy.
Hiatal Repair Using Non-absorbable Mesh: Short-Term Outcome Analysis of 393 Consecutive Cases with a Focus on Prosthetic-Specific Complications
Authors: Drane Andrew , Bhimani Nazim , Sarich Peter , Chan Priscilla , Leibman Steven , Smith Garett
Published: September 2024

The use of prosthetic mesh to augment suture repair of large paraoesophageal hernias is widespread but controversial. Our aim was to identify the risk of mesh-specific complications from a large series of consecutive patients undergoing hiatal hernia repair augmented with a lightweight polypropylene mesh (TiMesh) over a 12-year period. A case series review of patients who have had prosthesis-reinforced hiatal repair with TiMesh between February 2005 and October 2017. Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative data were collected for all patients undergoing hiatal repair. In total, 393 patients had TiMesh augmented hiatal repair between February 2005 and October 2017. There were no intraoperative mesh-specific complications. Mesh was explanted in one patient (1/393, 0.25%) who underwent emergency paraoesophageal hernia repair complicated by sepsis. Asymptomatic mesh erosion was found in two patients (2/393, 0.51%) at endoscopy 3 and 9 years following surgery, respectively. No cases of oesophageal or hiatal strictures were identified. From our large series, albeit without routine endoscopic and radiological follow-up, we demonstrate acceptably low rates of mesh-related complications. We identified two cases of asymptomatic erosion during 393 TiMesh repairs, and the rate of mesh-specific complications in this patient series is low. This unit will continue to perform selective TiMesh hiatal repair in cases where a suture repair only is felt to be inadequate at the time of surgery. For the purposes of patient consent and ongoing discussion, we report the risk of mesh erosion and mesh explantation to be 0.51% and 0.25%, respectively.
Screen time, problematic screen use, and eating disorder symptoms among early adolescents: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Chu Jonathan , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , Al-shoaibi Abubakr A. A. , Jackson Dylan B. , Rodgers Rachel F. , He Jinbo , Baker Fiona C. , Nagata Jason M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Emerging research evidence suggests positive relationships between higher screen time and eating disorders. However, few studies have examined the prospective associations between screen use and eating disorder symptoms in early adolescents and how problematic screen use may contribute to symptom development.

Methods

We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 10,246, 2016–2020, ages 9–14). Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the longitudinal associations between baseline self-reported screen time and eating disorder symptoms in year two. Logistic regression analyses were also used to estimate cross-sectional associations between problematic screen use in year two (either problematic social media or mobile phone use) and eating disorder symptoms in year two. Eating disorder symptoms based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-5) included fear of weight gain, self-worth tied to weight, engaging in compensatory behaviors, binge eating, and distress with binge eating.

Results

Each additional hour of total screen time and social media use was associated with higher odds of fear of weight gain, self-worth tied to weight, compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, binge eating, and distress with binge eating two years later (odds ratio [OR] 1.05–1.55). Both problematic social media and mobile phone use were associated with higher odds of all eating disorder symptoms (OR 1.26–1.82).

Conclusions

Findings suggest greater total screen time, social media use, and problematic screen use are associated with more eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence. Clinicians should consider assessing for problem screen use and, when high, screen for disordered eating.

Level of evidence

Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
The Effects of Online Anti-Bias Training on Educators’ Multicultural Competence
Authors: O’Donnell Kaeli , Luh Hao-Jan , Floress Margaret , Mariam Assegedetch Haile
Published: September 2024

The student population in the United States is becoming increasingly diverse, but the educator base, including teachers and other school professionals, remains primarily White and female. Educators are encouraged (and at times required) to participate in professional development training to increase their multicultural competence. Although previous research has shown that educators benefit from professional development training in general, there is limited research into the benefit of online training intended to increase their multicultural competence. As agents of social justice, school psychologists may help other educators to reflect on and confront their biases. In this pilot study, 17 elementary educators (i.e., teachers and school professionals) completed an online training titled, “Critical Practices for Anti-Bias Education.” The participants completed the Multicultural Teaching Competency Scale to assess the effectiveness of the training. Results indicated a statistically significant increase between pretest and posttest scores. The participants also completed an adapted version of the Usage Rating Profile-Intervention Revised to assess the social validity of the training. Overall, the participants ranked the training as acceptable and feasible. This study supports the potential use of online anti-bias training as one of the first steps to increase elementary educators’ multicultural competence.
Evaluation of a wall-mounted far ultraviolet-C light device used for continuous air and surface decontamination in a dental office during routine patient care
Authors: Osborne Andrew O. , Memic Samir , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: September 2024

A wall-mounted far ultraviolet-C light device used for continuous air and surface decontamination in a dental office reduced aerosolized bacteriophage MS2 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on steel disks by >3 log10 in 2 hours in unshaded areas in a procedure room. Far ultraviolet-C delivery was substantially reduced in shaded areas.
Social relationship factors, depressive symptoms, and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study into their interrelatedness
Authors: Duffner Lukas A. , Deckers Kay , Cadar Dorina , de Vugt Marjolein E. , Köhler Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Background

Different aspects of social relationships (e.g., social network size or loneliness) have been associated with dementia risk, while their overlap and potentially underlying pathways remain largely unexplored. This study therefore aimed to (1) discriminate between different facets of social relationships by means of factor analysis, (2) examine their associations with dementia risk, and (3) assess mediation by depressive symptoms.

Methods

Thirty-six items from questionnaires on social relationships administered in Wave 2 (2004/2005) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n = 7536) were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Factors were then used as predictors in Cox proportional hazard models with dementia until Wave 9 as outcome, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Structural equation modeling tested mediation by depressive symptoms through effect decomposition.

Results

Factor analyses identified six social factors. Across a median follow-up time of 11.8 years (IQR = 5.9–13.9 years), 501 people developed dementia. Higher factor scores for frequency and quality of contact with children (HR = 0.88; p = 0.021) and more frequent social activity engagement (HR = 0.84; p < 0.001) were associated with lower dementia risk. Likewise, higher factor scores for loneliness (HR = 1.13; p = 0.011) and negative experiences of social support (HR = 1.10; p = 0.047) were associated with higher dementia risk. Mediation analyses showed a significant partial effect mediation by depressive symptoms for all four factors. Additional analyses provided little evidence for reverse causation.

Conclusions

Frequency and quality of social contacts, social activity engagement, and feelings of loneliness are associated with dementia risk and might be suitable targets for dementia prevention programs, partly by lowering depressive symptoms.
Numerical analysis of physics-informed neural networks and related models in physics-informed machine learning
Authors: De Ryck Tim , Mishra Siddhartha
Published: September 2024

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and their variants have been very popular in recent years as algorithms for the numerical simulation of both forward and inverse problems for partial differential equations. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of currently available results on the numerical analysis of PINNs and related models that constitute the backbone of physics-informed machine learning. We provide a unified framework in which analysis of the various components of the error incurred by PINNs in approximating PDEs can be effectively carried out. We present a detailed review of available results on approximation, generalization and training errors and their behaviour with respect to the type of the PDE and the dimension of the underlying domain. In particular, we elucidate the role of the regularity of the solutions and their stability to perturbations in the error analysis. Numerical results are also presented to illustrate the theory. We identify training errors as a key bottleneck which can adversely affect the overall performance of various models in physics-informed machine learning.
Ecorc’Air: A Citizen Science Project for the Biomonitoring of Vehicular Air Pollution in Paris, France
Authors: Carvallo C. , Isambert A. , Franke C. , Turcati L. , Sivry Y. , Coural S. , Macouin M. , Rousse S. , Fluteau F.
Published: September 2024

Airborne particulate matter (PM) is known to have adverse health effects and is a growing concern in urban areas. Spatial and temporal variability is difficult to assess with the few air quality stations typically available in cities. As an alternative, tree bark acts as a passive captor on which PM is deposited. Magnetic susceptibility measurements can be used as a proxy indicator to estimate pollution from vehicle sources. We present the citizen science project called Ecorc’Air, in which volunteers collect plane tree bark samples, mainly in Paris, which are then sent to laboratories and used for various measurements. The project has developed since 2016, leading to the production of annual maps that identify variations in magnetic particle concentrations. The correlation between magnetic susceptibility and metal content has been verified using multi elemental analysis. Thanks to these numerous samples, we were able to identify areas with consistently high susceptibility values over time. We also quantified the decrease in susceptibility values with the distance between the tree and the road, as well as the shielding effect of parked cars on pedestrians. We showed trends in susceptibility variations over time along a specific well‐sampled road, suggesting that this type of sampling and measurement could be used to quantify variations in metallic pollution at a local scale. Finally, through interviews, we found that there is a growing interest and participation of city dwellers, especially those involved in local associations, to act in favor of environmental research, as well as of municipalities to offer support.
Democratizing Science in the Cloud
Authors: Sauthoff Wilson , Snow Tasha , Millstein Joanna , Colliander James , Siegfried Matthew
Published: September 2024

CryoCloud opens scientific research and education to a broader range of cryosphere researchers with a cloud-based interactive computing environment, training, and community support.
Synergy of Urban Heat, Pollution, and Social Vulnerability in One of America's Most Rapidly Growing Cities: Houston, We Have a Problem
Authors: Blackford Andrew , Cowan Trent , Nair Udaysankar , Phillips Christopher , Kaulfus Aaron , Freitag Brian
Published: September 2024

During the first two decades of the twenty‐first century, we analyze the expansion of urban land cover, urban heat island (UHI), and urban pollution island (UPI) in the Houston Metropolitan Area (HMA) using land cover classifications derived from Landsat and land/aerosol products from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Our approach involves both direct utilization and fusion with in situ observations for a comprehensive characterization. We also examined how social vulnerability within the HMA changed during the study period and whether the synergy of UHI, UPI, and social vulnerability enhances environmental inequalities. We found that urban land cover within the HMA increased by 1,345.09 km2 and is accompanied by a 171.92 (73.93) % expansion of the daytime (nighttime) UHI. While the UPI experienced an overall reduction in particulate pollution, the magnitude of change is smaller compared to the surroundings. Further, the UPI showed localized enhancement in particulate pollution caused by increases in vehicular traffic. Our analysis found that the social vulnerability of the HMA urban regions increased during the study period. Overall, we found that the urban growth during the first two decades of the twenty‐first century resulted in a synergy of UHI, UPI, and social vulnerability, causing an increase in environmental inequalities within the HMA.
Dynamic Evolution of Dayside Magnetopause Reconnection Locations and Their Dependence on IMF Cone Angle: 3‐D Global Hybrid Simulation
Authors: Yi Yongyuan , Lin Yu , Zhou Meng , Pang Ye , Deng Xiaohua
Published: September 2024

We study the dynamic evolution of dayside magnetopause reconnection locations and their dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) cone angle via 3‐D global‐scale hybrid simulations. Cases with finite IMF Bx and Bz but IMF By = 0 are investigated. It is shown that the dayside magnetopause reconnection is unsteady under quasi‐steady solar wind conditions. The reconnection lines during the dynamic evolution are not always parallel to the equatorial plane even under purely southward IMF conditions. Magnetopause reconnection locations can be affected by the generation, coalescence, and transport of flux ropes (FRs), reconnection inside the FRs, and the magnetosheath flow. In the presence of an IMF component Bx, the magnetopause reconnection initially occurs in high‐latitude regions downstream of the quasi‐perpendicular bow shock, followed by the generation of multiple reconnection regions. In the later stages of the simulation, a dominant reconnection region is present in low‐latitude regions, which can also affect reconnection in other regions. The global distribution of reconnection lines under a finite IMF Bx is found to not be limited to the region with maximum magnetic shear angle.
Strong Seasonal Transition and Complex Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds at an Urban Site in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Huang Weichao , Yu Xiaofang , Deng Hui , Chen Bingna , Cheng Peng , Yang Wenda , Li Mei , Yuan Bin , Wang Ming , Gong Yucheng
Published: September 2024

We report observations of non‐methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an urban site in Guangzhou, China, and analyzed the seasonally contrasting composition, diurnal patterns, and sources of VOCs driven by the Asian Monsoon weather. In July, southerly low‐level jets and coastal recirculation coincided with a large enhancement of light alkanes and alkenes along with methyl tert‐butyl ether from urban transportation. Diurnal profiles of propanal and methyl vinyl ketone followed isoprene and O3, suggesting a common biogenic origin and fast photochemical production. In October, dominating northerly descending dry air mass led to a 10‐fold increase in acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, suggesting a large free tropospheric reservoir and abundant precursors of these ketones. Enhanced source apportionment aided by a comprehensive emission speciation data set identified five classes of VOCs from a much larger pool of local and regional emission sources than reported from previous studies. Seasonal transition of VOCs offers unique natural constraint for the chemistry and sources of VOCs in this and other similar regions, which warrants future long term measurements and advanced modeling and analysis.
Biopsy strategies in the era of mpMRI: a comprehensive review
Authors: Windisch Olivier , Valerio Massimo , Yee Chi-Hang , Gontero Paolo , Bakir Baris , Kastner Christof , Ahmed Hashim U. , De Nunzio Cosimo , de la Rosette Jean
Published: September 2024

Background

Since its initial description the prostate biopsy technique for detection of prostate cancer (PCA) has constantly evolved. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has been proven to have a sensitivity exceeding 90% to detect the index lesion. This narrative review discusses the evidence around several biopsy strategies, especially in the context of patients that might be eligible for focal therapy.

Method

A non-systematic literature research was performed on February 15th 2024 using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Web of Science and Google Scholar.

Results

The transrectal (TR) route is associated with an increased postoperative sepsis rate, even with adequate antibiotic prophylaxis. The transperineal (TP) route is now recommended by international guidelines, firstly for its decreased rate of urosepsis. Recent evidence shows a non-inferiority of TP compared to TR route, and even a higher detection rate of clinically significant PCA (csPCA) in the anterior and apical region, that are usually difficult to target using the TR route. Several targeting techniques (cognitive, software-fusion or in-bore) enhance our ability to provide an accurate risk assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness and burden, while reducing the number of cores and reducing the number of clinically insignificant prostate cancer (ciPCA). While MRI-TB have proven their role, the role of systematic biopsies (SB) is still important because it detects 5–16% of csPCA that would have been missed by MRI-TB alone. The strategies of SB depend mainly on the route used (TR vs. TP) and the number of cores to be collected (10–12 cores vs. saturation biopsies vs. trans-perineal template mapping-biopsies or Ginsburg Protocol vs. regional biopsies).

Conclusion

Several biopsy strategies have been described and should be known when assessing patients for focal therapy. Because MRI systematically under evaluates the lesion size, systematic biopsies, and especially perilesional biopsies, can help to increase sensitivity at the cost of an increased number of cores.
Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment
Authors: Lakshmikanth Tadepally , Consiglio Camila , Sardh Fabian , Forlin Rikard , Wang Jun , Tan Ziyang , Barcenilla Hugo , Rodriguez Lucie , Sugrue Jamie , Noori Peri , Ivanchenko Margarita , Piñero Páez Laura , Gonzalez Laura , Habimana Mugabo Constantin , Johnsson Anette , Ryberg Henrik , Hallgren Åsa , Pou Christian , Chen Yang , Mikeš Jaromír , James Anna , Dahlqvist Per , Wahlberg Jeanette , Hagelin Anders , Holmberg Mats , Degerblad Marie , Isaksson Magnus , Duffy Darragh , Kämpe Olle , Landegren Nils , Brodin Petter
Published: September 2024

Infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune conditions present differently in males and females. SARS-CoV-2 infection in naive males is associated with increased risk of death, whereas females are at increased risk of long COVID1, similar to observations in other infections2. Females respond more strongly to vaccines, and adverse reactions are more frequent3, like most autoimmune diseases4. Immunological sex differences stem from genetic, hormonal and behavioural factors5 but their relative importance is only partially understood6–8. In individuals assigned female sex at birth and undergoing gender-affirming testosterone therapy (trans men), hormone concentrations change markedly but the immunological consequences are poorly understood. Here we performed longitudinal systems-level analyses in 23 trans men and found that testosterone modulates a cross-regulated axis between type-I interferon and tumour necrosis factor. This is mediated by functional attenuation of type-I interferon responses in both plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes. Conversely, testosterone potentiates monocyte responses leading to increased tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 production and downstream activation of nuclear factor kappa B-regulated genes and potentiation of interferon-γ responses, primarily in natural killer cells. These findings in trans men are corroborated by sex-divergent responses in public datasets and illustrate the dynamic regulation of human immunity by sex hormones, with implications for the health of individuals undergoing hormone therapy and our understanding of sex-divergent immune responses in cisgender individuals.
Mechanisms that clear mutations drive field cancerization in mammary tissue
Authors: Ciwinska Marta , Messal Hendrik A. , Hristova Hristina R. , Lutz Catrin , Bornes Laura , Chalkiadakis Theofilos , Harkes Rolf , Langedijk Nathalia S. M. , Hutten Stefan J. , Menezes Renée X. , Jonkers Jos , Prekovic Stefan ,   Grand Challenge PRECISION consortium, Wesseling Jelle , Thompson Alastair M. , Nik-Zainal Serena , Sawyer Elinor J. , Davies Helen R. , Futreal Andrew , Navin Nicholas E. , Hwang E. Shelley , Jonkers Jos , van Rheenen Jacco , Behbod Fariba , Lips Esther H. , Schmidt Marjanka , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. , Rea Daniel , Bhattacharjee Proteeti , Stobart Hilary , Collyar Deborah , Pinto Donna , Verschuur Ellen , van Oirsouw Marja , Simons Benjamin D. , Scheele Colinda L. G. J. , van Rheenen Jacco
Published: September 2024

Oncogenic mutations are abundant in the tissues of healthy individuals, but rarely form tumours1–3. Yet, the underlying protection mechanisms are largely unknown. To resolve these mechanisms in mouse mammary tissue, we use lineage tracing to map the fate of wild-type and Brca1−/−;Trp53−/− cells, and find that both follow a similar pattern of loss and spread within ducts. Clonal analysis reveals that ducts consist of small repetitive units of self-renewing cells that give rise to short-lived descendants. This offers a first layer of protection as any descendants, including oncogenic mutant cells, are constantly lost, thereby limiting the spread of mutations to a single stem cell-descendant unit. Local tissue remodelling during consecutive oestrous cycles leads to the cooperative and stochastic loss and replacement of self-renewing cells. This process provides a second layer of protection, leading to the elimination of most mutant clones while enabling the minority that by chance survive to expand beyond the stem cell-descendant unit. This leads to fields of mutant cells spanning large parts of the epithelial network, predisposing it for transformation. Eventually, clone expansion becomes restrained by the geometry of the ducts, providing a third layer of protection. Together, these mechanisms act to eliminate most cells that acquire somatic mutations at the expense of driving the accelerated expansion of a minority of cells, which can colonize large areas, leading to field cancerization.
Signatures of magnetism control by flow of angular momentum
Authors: Chen L. , Sun Y. , Mankovsky S. , Meier T. N. G. , Kronseder M. , Sun C. , Orekhov A. , Ebert H. , Weiss D. , Back C. H.
Published: September 2024

Exploring new strategies to manipulate the order parameter of magnetic materials by electrical means is of great importance not only for advancing our understanding of fundamental magnetism but also for unlocking potential applications. A well-established concept uses gate voltages to control magnetic properties by modulating the carrier population in a capacitor structure1–5. Here we show that, in Pt/Al/Fe/GaAs(001) multilayers, the application of an in-plane charge current in Pt leads to a shift in the ferromagnetic resonance field depending on the microwave frequency when the Fe film is sufficiently thin. The experimental observation is interpreted as a current-induced modification of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy ΔHA of Fe. We show that (1) ΔHA decreases with increasing Fe film thickness and is connected to the damping-like torque; and (2) ΔHA depends not only on the polarity of charge current but also on the magnetization direction, that is, ΔHA has an opposite sign when the magnetization direction is reversed. The symmetry of the modification is consistent with a current-induced spin6–8 and/or orbit9–13 accumulation, which, respectively, act on the spin and/or orbit component of the magnetization. In this study, as Pt is regarded as a typical spin current source6,14, the spin current can play a dominant part. The control of magnetism by a spin current results from the modified exchange splitting of the majority and minority spin bands, providing functionality that was previously unknown and could be useful in advanced spintronic devices.
Digital Microbe: a genome-informed data integration framework for team science on emerging model organisms
Authors: Veseli Iva , DeMers Michelle A. , Cooper Zachary S. , Schechter Matthew S. , Miller Samuel , Weber Laura , Smith Christa B. , Rodriguez Lidimarie T. , Schroer William F. , McIlvin Matthew R. , Lopez Paloma Z. , Saito Makoto , Dyhrman Sonya , Eren A. Murat , Moran Mary Ann , Braakman Rogier
Published: September 2024

The remarkable pace of genomic data generation is rapidly transforming our understanding of life at the micron scale. Yet this data stream also creates challenges for team science. A single microbe can have multiple versions of genome architecture, functional gene annotations, and gene identifiers; additionally, the lack of mechanisms for collating and preserving advances in this knowledge raises barriers to community coalescence around shared datasets. “Digital Microbes” are frameworks for interoperable and reproducible collaborative science through open source, community-curated data packages built on a (pan)genomic foundation. Housed within an integrative software environment, Digital Microbes ensure real-time alignment of research efforts for collaborative teams and facilitate novel scientific insights as new layers of data are added. Here we describe two Digital Microbes: 1) the heterotrophic marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 with > 100 transcriptomic datasets from lab and field studies, and 2) the pangenome of the cosmopolitan marine heterotroph Alteromonas containing 339 genomes. Examples demonstrate how an integrated framework collating public (pan)genome-informed data can generate novel and reproducible findings.
Theranostic and bioimaging applications of lanthanide-doped upconversion core/shell nanostructures
Authors: Nair Govind B. , Tamboli Sumedha , Swart H. C.
Published: September 2024

Lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) core/shell nanostructures have displayed unique luminescence features that have progressed biomedical science to newer heights. Several biomedical challenges, which were once depicted to be daunting, were easily addressed by introducing optical probes based on the UC phenomenon. UC cores with single-shell or multi-shell nanostructures can be introduced in vivo by making them biocompatible with suitable surface modifications. Such nanoprobes can be configured with other modalities to produce multi-modal imaging of tissues or cells, while simultaneously resolving the molecular signatures responsible for their disorders. Besides, these nanoprobes have demonstrated excellent sensitivity for the detection of biomolecules, metal ions and gas molecules, as well as temperature and pH-sensing at the cellular level. This chapter reviews the breakthrough achievements produced by UC core/shell nanostructures in the diverse sectors of biomedical applications and their spectacular contributions towards the integration of diagnostics with therapy by engineering efficient nanoprobes for imaging-guided therapy.
Soft-magnetic microrobotics: nanomaterials, fabrications and biomedical applications
Authors: Rehman Masood Ur , Hussain Danish , Rehan Muhammad , Awan Saif Ullah , Haroon Nazo
Published: September 2024

Soft-magnetic microrobots are widely exploited in many applications and preferred over other propulsion mechanisms due to ease of implementation, long-range, low cost, dexterous, highly precise, biocompatible, and non-invasive. This chapter summarizes the transformative potential of soft-magnetic microrobots with a special focus on magnetic nanomaterials fabrication techniques, and their biomedical applications. With controlled navigation through intricate biological environments using external magnetic fields, these microrobots offer precise and targeted interventions. The chapter underscores the critical role of material selection for biocompatibility and effectiveness. By combining advanced fabrication methods with appropriate nanomaterials, soft-magnetic microrobots are poised to reshape healthcare practices, offering novel diagnostic tools, therapeutic options, and surgical advancements. This comprehensive overview offers insights into the evolving landscape of soft magnetic microrobots and their potential to revolutionize medical treatments.
Aggregation-induced emission-active supramolecular polymers: from controlled preparation to applications
Authors: Wang Beibei , Liu Yuhao , Chen Xueqian , Liu Xiao-Ting , Liu Zhongyi , Lu Chao
Published: September 2024

This review focuses on the controlled preparation and applications of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active supramolecular polymers, aiming to inspire researchers in designing the next generation of novel AIE-active supramolecular polymers.
Local electrochemical sample acidification for the detection of Pb2+ traces
Authors: Mahmoud Amira , Gajdár Július , Brites Helú Mariela , Etienne Mathieu , Herzog Grégoire
Published: September 2024

Electrochemical detection of pollutants (e.g. heavy metals) in real samples often requires the adjustment of pH to allow optimal sensitivity.
Dehydration promotes phosphoramidate-linked amino acidyl and peptido adenosine conjugates
Authors: Deckel Yaam , Brown Joshua J. , Senthilkumar Tejaswi , Fahrenbach Albert C.
Published: September 2024

3′,5′-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3′,5′-cAMP) and glycine subjected to alkaline dehydration yield phosphoramidate-linked conjugates.
Nitrogen fixation by alkali and alkaline earth metal hydrides assisted by plasma
Authors: Wu Han , Ma Kai , Wen Jiaqi , Yang Liang , Guan Yeqin , Wang Qianru , Gao Wenbo , Guo Jianping , Chen Ping
Published: September 2024

The chemical behaviors of alkali and alkaline earth metal hydrides under nitrogen plasma differ significantly from one another, exhibiting an ammonia production trend that contrasts with that observed under thermal conditions.
Cooperation between holey N-doped carbon and Ni nanoparticles as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Wenchong , Ke Heng , Gong Mixue , Yang Jie , Yu Ningbo , Xue Yanan , Wang Jianzhi , Yu Faquan
Published: September 2024

A facile and green synthesis of Ni nanoparticles decorated with N-doped porous carbon by the molten-salt template method is presented. Outstanding electrical conductivity and exposure of more active sites make it show excellent activity for the HER.
Dissociative electron attachment to halogenated nucleotides: a quest for better radiosensitizers
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Sarma Manabendra
Published: September 2024

This study demonstrated the potential of halogenated 2′-deoxycytidine-3′-monophosphates (5X-3′-dCMPH) as radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy, due to their high electron affinity and ability to dissociate after electron attachment.
Stability of n-alkanes and n-perfluoroalkanes against horizontal displacement on a graphite surface
Authors: Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Tsuzuki Seiji
Published: September 2024

Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations quantitatively revealed the different stabilities of n-alkanes and n-perfluoroalkanes against horizontal displacement on a model graphite surface.
Chemically accurate predictions for water adsorption on Brønsted sites of zeolite H-MFI
Authors: Windeck Henning , Berger Fabian , Sauer Joachim
Published: September 2024

Accurate predictions of the heat of water adsorption and the protonation state requires passing from density functional theory (PBE+D) to wavefunction methods (MP2).
The spectroscopy of hydride in single crystals of SrTiO3 perovskite
Authors: Palfey William R. , Hwang Son-Jong , Goddard William A. , Rossman George R.
Published: September 2024

Assisted by predictions from density functional theory, we used infrared spectroscopy to observe hydride ions introduced into SrTiO3 crystals.
C–H functionalization enabled by multiple isocyanides
Authors: Gao Mingchun , Lu Shaohang , Xu Bin
Published: September 2024

This review outlines in detail strategies for state-of-the-art synthetic routes and demonstrates various interactions from the synergistic combination of C–H functionalization with multiple isocyanides to establish the complicated reactions.
Enzyme-responsive, multi-lock optical probes for molecular imaging and disease theranostics
Authors: Cheng Penghui , Pu Kanyi
Published: September 2024

Enzyme-responsive, multi-lock optical probes exhibit superior detection specificity towards certain biomolecular events and pathological conditions, offering high disease diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy.
Nanoscale chemical characterization of materials and interfaces by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Bao Yi-Fan , Zhu Meng-Yuan , Zhao Xiao-Jiao , Chen Hong-Xuan , Wang Xiang , Ren Bin
Published: September 2024

This review presents a detailed discussion on the recent theoretical understanding and technical improvements of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), and summarizes recent advances of TERS in studying materials and interfaces.
Modulation of crystallization kinetics using a guest acceptor for high-performance organic solar cells with 19.8% efficiency
Authors: Xie Lin , Chen Zhenyu , Yang Daobin , Yu Xueliang , Tong Xinyu , Ge Jinfeng , Song Wei , Yang Shuncheng , Zhu Jintao , Ding Pengfei , Lu Guanghao , Li Xuke , Long Ming , Li Jing , Zou Bingsuo , Liu Tao , Liu Quan , Ge Ziyi
Published: September 2024

An asymmetric molecule based on a quinoxaline core, which shows an appropriate adjustment of phase separation and intermixed domains, was achieved by modulating the crystallization kinetics.
Unlocking photovoltaic potential: leveraging unique diazo multimembered ring acceptors
Authors: Li Mingpeng , Memon Waqar Ali , Xiong Shilong , Ding Yafei , Wang Yunpeng , Li Heng , Si Jingwen , Tian Leilei , He Feng
Published: September 2024

Effects of building blocks bearing various diazo-multimembered rings on NFAs’ molecular properties and photovoltaic performance were systematically investigated. Among, PM6:7C-2F-based OSCs delivered a champion PCE of 18.83% with superior stability.
Making the InChI FAIR and sustainable while moving to inorganics
Authors: Blanke Gerd , Brammer Jan , Baljozovic Djordje , Khan Nauman Ullah , Lange Frank , Bänsch Felix , Tovee Clare A. , Schatzschneider Ulrich , Hartshorn Richard M. , Herres-Pawlis Sonja
Published: September 2024

The InChI standard facilitates chemical compound identification across platforms, with v1.07 fixing numerous issues and enhancing transparency via GitHub. This update aims to better represent molecular inorganic compounds, addressing previous limitations.
Microfluidic technologies for lipid vesicle generation
Authors: Cheng Yu , Hay Callum D. , Mahuttanatan Suchaya M. , Hindley James W. , Ces Oscar , Elani Yuval
Published: September 2024

Encapsulating molecular materials in lipid vesicles via microfluidics provides control over size, morphology, and compartmentalisation, enabling their use in cell biology research and for applications in biomedicine, synthetic biology, and beyond.
A strontium doped p–n heterojunction TiO2/Sr–Co3O4 composite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of MG dye under solar light irradiation
Authors: Pradhan Debapriya , Biswal Susanta Kumar , Pattanaik Rasmirekha , Nayak Nibedita , Dash Suresh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Surface water purification by hybrid photocatalyst under solar irradiation.
A 3D-assembled endohedral nitrogen fullerene in a metal–organic framework toward spin qubit and quantum sensors
Authors: Hui Xin-Yu , Zhang Yu-Shuang , Xiong Qi , Wu Zhi-Rong , Gao Song , Zhou Shen , Jiang Shang-Da
Published: September 2024

A molecule-based spin qubit and quantum sensor candidate, N@C60, was developed to detect the 1H nuclei in a metal–organic framework through pulsed-EPR.
A mechanistic study reveals the roles of the ligand and substrate in the Pd-catalyzed C–H bond hydroxylation of a carboxylic acid with molecular oxygen
Authors: Shan Hui-Mei , Wang Qian , Sun Ze-Hua , Bu Yuxiang , Xu Li-Ping
Published: September 2024

DFT studies reveal critical factors influencing the reactivity of Pd-catalyzed C–H bond hydroxylation with O2: (1) substrate axial coordination; (2) proton shuttling by the ligand; and (3) dimeric palladium species formation.
Ir-catalyzed chemo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of enyne-conjugated ketones
Authors: Zheng Xuejuan , Huang Fanping , Yu Jianfei , Lang Qiwei , Duan Ya-Nan , Chen Gen-Qiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: September 2024

We herein report an efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of β-alkynyl α,β-unsaturated ketones by using Ir/f-phamidol as a catalyst under mild conditions, providing the corresponding chiral alcohols in up to 99% yield and 99% ee.
Visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed formal [3 + 3] cyclization of 2-iodophenols and cyclopropenes
Authors: Niu Yue-Jie , Gao Shu-Xin , Liu Xin-Xin , Xin Hong , Duan Xin-Hua , Guo Li-Na , Gao Pin , Li Pengfei
Published: September 2024

Visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed formal [3 + 3] cyclization of 2-iodophenols and cyclopropenes for the synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted 2H-chromenes with a quaternary carbon center in moderate to good yields.
Expression of concern: Enhanced electrical and magnetic properties of (Co, Yb) co-doped ZnO memristor for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Elboughdiri Noureddine , Iqbal Shahid , Abdullaev Sherzod , Aljohani Mohammed , Safeen Akif , Althubeiti Khaled , Khan Rajwali
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Enhanced electrical and magnetic properties of (Co, Yb) co-doped ZnO memristor for neuromorphic computing’ by Noureddine Elboughdiri et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 35993–36008, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA06853F.
Expression of concern: HDACI regulates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reverse MCF-7/PTX resistance by inhibiting SET
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Zheng Xiaowei , Meng Ti , You Haisheng , Dong Yalin , Xing Jianfeng , Chen Siying
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘HDACI regulates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reverse MCF-7/PTX resistance by inhibiting SET’ by Weipeng Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 48072–48082, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA06423J
Deep Learning-Based Lecture Posture Evaluation
Authors: YANG Yifan , ZHANG Tao , LI Weiyu
Published: September 2024

Computer vision, a scientific discipline enables machines to perceive visual information, aims to supplant human eyes in tasks encompassing object recognition, localization, and tracking. In traditional educational settings, instructors or evaluators evaluate teaching performance based on subjective judgment. However, with the continuous advancements in computer vision technology, it becomes increasingly crucial for computers to take on the role of judges in obtaining vital information and making unbiased evaluations. Against this backdrop, this paper proposes a deep learning-based approach for evaluating lecture posture. First, feature information is extracted from various dimensions, including head position, hand gestures, and body posture, using a human pose estimation algorithm. Second, a machine learning-based regression model is employed to predict machine scores by comparing the extracted features with expert-assigned human scores. The correlation between machine scores and human scores is investigated through experiment and analysis, revealing a robust overall correlation (0.642 0) between predicted machine scores and human scores. Under ideal scoring conditions (100 points), approximately 51.72% of predicted machine scores exhibited deviations within a range of 10 points, while around 81.87% displayed deviations within a range of 20 points; only a minimal percentage of 0.12% demonstrated deviations exceeding the threshold of 50 points. Finally, to further optimize performance, additional features related to bodily movements are extracted by introducing facial expression recognition and gesture recognition algorithms. The fusion of multiple models resulted in an overall average correlation improvement of 0.022 6.
Improved YOLOv7 Algorithm for Floating Waste Detection Based on GFPN and Long-Range Attention Mechanism
Authors: PENG Cheng , HE Bing , XI Wenqiang , LIN Guancheng
Published: September 2024

Floating wastes in rivers have specific characteristics such as small scale, low pixel density and complex backgrounds. These characteristics make it prone to false and missed detection during image analysis, thus resulting in a degradation of detection performance. In order to tackle these challenges, a floating waste detection algorithm based on YOLOv7 is proposed, which combines the improved GFPN (Generalized Feature Pyramid Network) and a long-range attention mechanism. Firstly, we import the improved GFPN to replace the Neck of YOLOv7, thus providing more effective information transmission that can scale into deeper networks. Secondly, the convolution-based and hardware-friendly long-range attention mechanism is introduced, allowing the algorithm to rapidly generate an attention map with a global receptive field. Finally, the algorithm adopts the WiseIoU optimization loss function to achieve adaptive gradient gain allocation and alleviate the negative impact of low-quality samples on the gradient. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm has achieved a favorable average accuracy of 86.3% in real-time scene detection tasks. This marks a significant enhancement of approximately 6.3% compared with the baseline, indicating the algorithm's good performance in floating waste detection.
Pulmonary Endarterectomy: Risk Factors for Early and Late Mortality
Authors: Olgun Yildizeli Sehnaz , ARIKAN Hüseyin , GÜNGÖR Sinem , TUFAN-ÇİNÇİN Aslı , KOCAKAYA Derya , ATAŞ Halil , Mutlu Bulent , Gezer Tas Serpil , ak koray , BEKİROĞLU G. Nural , YILDIZELİ Bedrettin
Published: September 2024

Background
Pulmonary endarterectomy is a potentially curative treatment option for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This study aimed to identify predictors of short- and long-term outcomes after pulmonary endarterectomy for CTEPH patients, including age.
Methods
Patients who underwent surgery between March 2014 and January 2024 were included in the study. Perioperative and follow-up data were retrospectively studied, including age, in-hospital mortality, one- and five-year survival, and the length of intensive care unit and hospital stays after pulmonary endarterectomy.
Results
In total, 834 consecutive patients (mean age 51±15.3 years) underwent pulmonary endarterectomy and were included in the analysis. The in-hospital mortality rate was 7.8% (n = 65), while overall mortality rates at one and five years were 10.6% and 11.3%, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.7% for patients < 70 years compared to 12.4% for patients ≥70 years (p=0.029). In the multivariate analysis of mortality, age (p=0.007), and length of intensive care unit stay (p= 0.028) emerged as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, while the Charlson Comorbidity Index (p<0.001) and six-minute walk distance (p=0.005) were also significant predictors of one-year survival.
Conclusion Despite higher short-term mortality rates, pulmonary endarterectomy was feasible and well tolerated among elderly patients. Despite surgical advancements, careful patient selection remains crucial, particularly in the presence of comorbidities. Significant clinical and hemodynamic improvements were observed, along with favorable long-term survival outcomes.