bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Process simulation of Multi-layer and Multi-channel Selective Laser Melt of Al2O3 Ceramics Based on Temperature Field
Authors: Chen Xiaobing , Sun Quan , Sun Quanping , Wu Haibing , Chang Zhang
Published: December 2019

Based on the temperature field theory and ANSYS software, the simulation model of Al2O3 ceramics selective laser melting (SLM) temperature field of multi-layer and multi-channel was established, and the analysis process of SLM temperature field simulation was designed. The temperature distribution of Al2O3 ceramics SLM temperature field and molten pool forming characteristics were researched. When the laser power is 105W, the scanning speed is 50mm/s and the thickness of powder layer is 0.25m, there is no remelting in adjacent molten channels in the same layer and multiple layers. Laser power and scanning speed are the main factors that whether remelting occurs in adjacent molten channels and multiple layers.
Design and Development of Monitoring System for GIS Structural Deformation Based on Photogrammetry
Authors: Luo Hongjian , Li Zhenggang , Gao Wenwu , Zhang Jie , Zhao Zhoufeng , Zhou Yutong
Published: December 2019

Aiming at the current situation, main problems and the characteristics of structure monitoring of GIS equipment, the principle and method of deformation monitoring of key points in GIS are put forward based on photogrammetry technology. A non-contact monitoring and early-warning system for structural deformation of GIS equipment is designed and developed. Moreover, the monitoring results are compared with the results of finite element simulation. The reliability of the system is verified.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and NH3 Gas Sensing Properties of Nanosheet WO3
Authors: Sun Fengyun , Mu Changsheng , Wen Dianzhong , Sun Huiming , Ju Xin , Hu Jing , Dou Yanwei
Published: December 2019

WO3 Nano powders had been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis through acidification of Na2WO4·2H2O at different PH value. The phase and morphology of WO3 nano powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The result showed that PH value effect the phase and morphology of WO3 nano powders. The morphology of WO3 was nanoparticles at PH=1, however became nanosheets at PH=2. The effect of PH value on the morphology of WO3 nano powders was studied. NH3 gas sensing properties of WO3 nano powders were also studied. The result showed that WO3 nanosheets enhanced NH3 sensing performance to low concentration of NH3.
Dynamic and static analysis of the battery box structure of an electric vehicle
Authors: Yang Na , Fang Rui , Li Hongliang , Xie Hui
Published: December 2019

As an important device to protect batteries in electric vehicles, the dynamic and static performance of the battery box is closely related to the safety of the whole vehicle. Therefore, it is very important to study the stress and displacement distribution of the battery box under specific working conditions to optimize the design of the weak parts of the battery box’s stiffness and strength. At first, this paper establishes the three-dimensional entity model and finite element model, and the stress state of battery box under extreme conditions of steep turning and braking on uneven road surface is calculated. At the last, the static strength analysis is carried out on the battery box. By analyzing the modal characteristics and the harmonious response to vibration characteristics of the battery box, the dynamic performance of the battery box has been comprehensively mastered. Finally, based on the static and dynamic analysis results of the battery box, the weak points and unreasonable points are improved. The results show that the modified model has a good improvement effect and has basically reached the established design requirements, which verifies the rationality of the structural improvement scheme.
Design and Experiment of Vibration Reduction Scheme for Sensitive Detectors Based on Random Vibration
Authors: Yue Kaiqin , Wang Feicheng , Zhang Hongjian , Li Siyuan
Published: December 2019

This work proposes a vibration damping scheme using a metal rubber damper for space camera mechanically sensitive detectors. The feasibility of the scheme is verified by the analysis of the principle of metal rubber damper. According to the relevant test conditions, the relevant parameters of the metal rubber damper are designed, and the vibration damping effect of the scheme is verified by experiments. The research results show that the use of metal rubber damper can play a role in the vibration energy transfer of the space camera, thus effectively reducing the RMS value of the acceleration in the main vibration direction.
The application management system of railway-river combined transportation under cloud environment
Authors: Wang Yunxi , Huang Qiang
Published: December 2019

In the context of the serious information isomerized of China’s hot metal water transport system, it is impossible to solve all problems of the same level in a complex cloud environment, resulting in rigid resource management problems and larger energy sources under the traditional “chimney” framework. Combining the technical framework of the iron and steel intermodal cloud platform, researching the key technologies of automated construction, deployment and cluster management of intermodal applications in the cloud environment, and building an intermodal application management system based on virtualization and elastic computing, not only can significantly reduce the heterogeneous heterogeneity of the cloud platform. The management cost of the intermodal service application can also provide a common virtual resource management service for the construction of intermodal information sharing and big data applications.
Research on Intersection Signal Timing Optimization Based on Eliminating Secondary Queuing Time
Authors: Zhai Zi-An
Published: December 2019

This paper takes Guanzhou Tunnel Intersection in Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center as an example, first uses PARAMICS to simulate the traffic condition, then uses Webster method to optimize the intersection, besides, a simplified signal optimization method based on reducing the number of secondary stops is proposed. Finally, intersection evaluation indicators are compared and analyzed.
Research on time-of-use pricing method of shared bicycles
Authors: Ma Jun , Yuan Zhenzhou , Tran Thu Phuong
Published: December 2019

Shared bicycles have become an important mode of urban slow traffic, and the operation and management of shared bicycles have attracted more and more attention. In order to alleviate the shortage of supply during peak period and accelerate the turnover rate during flat peak period, this paper proposes a differentiated pricing strategy of shared bicycles. By establishing a bilevel programming model of shared bicycles fare and using a particle swarm optimization-based global pricing model solution algorithm, the purpose of minimizing the generalized travel cost of travelers and maximizing the economic benefits of shared bicycles enterprises are achieved. Based on the actual traffic situation in Beijing, the model parameters are calibrated to verify the validity of the model and the algorithm. The proposed model can provide a reference for the pricing strategy of shared bicycles and provide a scientific basis for the operation and management of shared bicycles enterprises.
Study on the Capacity of Urban Road Construction Section under Mixed Traffic Environment
Authors: Wang Yazhai , Zhang Weihua , Wang Kun
Published: December 2019

Based on the analysis of the calculation model of the capacity of urban road construction section, a calculation optimization model considering the influence of non-motor vehicle factors on the capacity of construction section is established. Through the recording and calibration of the geometric and traffic parameters of the construction section at the intersection of Huangshan Road and Susong Road in Hefei City, and using PTV-VISSIM10 for modeling and calculation, the calculation model of non-motor vehicle reduction factor is constructed. Finally, the optimization model of the capacity of the construction section is verified by combining with observation data of the morning peak of the urban road construction section under mixed traffic environment. The results show that the relative error between the calculated value of the capacity and the observed value of the construction section under mixed traffic environment is less than 5%. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider the non-motor vehicle reduction factor on the capacity calculation model of the construction section, and make up for the original model to only consider the insufficient factors such as the proportion of the large vehicle, length of work area and speed limit value.
Optimization Design of Expressway Entrance and Exit Based on Actual Traffic Flow Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Meng Qiu , Yu Li
Published: December 2019

The combination area of entrance and exit is the frequent bottleneck of urban expressway system. The running state of traffic flow in combination area is closely related to the key parameters including the acceleration and deceleration lane length, the interweaving area length, the sign identification, etc. And the analysis of traffic flow status can in turn guide the design of road engineering. Therefore, this paper proposes the geometric elements optimization model and design results of the expressway entrance and exit combination area based on the actual traffic flow characteristics and driver’s driving characteristics. To verify the superiority of the optimization model, this paper takes a combination area of Jinzhai Expressway in Hefei City as an example, and after a large number of road traffic surveys, uses VISSIM to simulate and evaluate optimization effect based on proposed model and calculation results. The results show that the optimization model based on traffic flow characteristics is better at improving traffic flow status, especially during the peak period, the average delay of the research section decreased by 18.1%, and the average pass rate of the bottleneck increased by 13.6%.
Traffic safety evaluation based on fuzzy clustering analysis: case studies in the city-cluster region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
Authors: Gao Tingting , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Rui
Published: December 2019

Traffic safety is a hot topic. Although traffic safety has improved, overall, for many developing countries, traffic safety fluctuates from year to year. Many studies have explored the issue of traffic safety evaluation from the perspective of the road, but little traffic safety evaluation is from the perspective of the city-cluster region. This paper adopts the fuzzy clustering theory to analyse the traffic safety level in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Through calculation and analysis, it can be concluded that the traffic safety level in the city-cluster region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei differs among the three. The result shows that the overall traffic safety is improved in city-cluster of region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, they are divided into two categories according to calculations. The traffic safety is relatively stable in Beijing and Hebei, but the traffic safety is more severe in Tianjin. The conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for the integrated traffic safety of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.
Optimization model and algorithm of logistics distribution path based on urban road network time-varying
Authors: Cheng Zhang , Ji Wenqian , Lu Xingjun
Published: December 2019

In the urban road network, the speed of different sections is different; In the same road section, the speed is different at different times. Therefore, on the basis of considering the temporal variability of the road network, this paper takes the shortest delivery time as the optimization objective to find the optimal logistics distribution path between the urban logistics distribution nodes in different time periods. Based on this, an urban logistics distribution path optimization model with the shortest delivery time as the optimization objective is established. In order to improve the solution quality and efficiency of the model, the time impedance matrix of urban logistics distribution network was constructed and an improved distance matrix algorithm was designed to solve the model. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.
Research on Optimal Path Selection of Muck Truck Considering Time Cost and Safety Risk
Authors: Shang Fangjian , Wang Fujun , Zhang Xiaofeng , Bi Jun
Published: December 2019

The safety problem of muck trucks has attracted more and more attention. How to balance the economic benefit of transporters and the safety of muck trucks has become a urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the two factors of the time cost of the muck truck and the safety risk during the transportation are considered comprehensively (in order to simplify the discussion, the situation of single starting point and single destination is considered), and the path of the muck truck is optimally selected. Taking the construction waste disposal sit of Qingcaigou in Xi’an as an example, the model is constructed and the Dijkstra algorithm is used to solve the problem.
An Optimal Plan of Transportation Terminals in Metropolitan Area
Authors: Xiong Yang , Shao Chun-Fu , Wang Jing
Published: December 2019

Development of metropolitan area in China has attracted a lot of attention. At this stage, planning of transportation terminals focuses on cities, rather than metropolitan area. In order to achieve the goal of transport integration, it is crucial to propose an optimal plan of transportation terminals in metropolitan area. This paper proposes a coherent set of method to optimize transportation terminals in metropolitan area, including classification of cities and planning of transportation terminals. Classification of cities is based on hierarchical clustering method, and planning of transportation terminals is based on classification standards of the multimodal transportation terminal. Then a case study in Jingjinji metropolitan area has been verified. This method has advantages of less data, simplicity and compatibility of existing terminals. On the basis of exiting and planning terminals, the integrated transit system can be built.
Application of Metal Wear Self-repair Technology in Automobile Engine Maintenance
Authors: Liu Changrun
Published: December 2019

This paper analyzes the structural composition of the engine, combined with the relevant content of metal wear self-repair technology. Such as technical definition, working principle, technical characteristics, etc. Through the study of common fault performance of automobile engines, including failure to start, abnormal color of exhaust gas, abnormal noise etc. As well as the specific application of metal wear self-repair technology in the case of cylinder wear is not serious, cylinder and piston ring damage is serious, pull cylinder failure, etc. The purpose is to improve the engine repair efficiency and extend the service life of the car engine.
Research on High Temperature Aging Detection Method of Heat Resistant Steel Based on Nonlinear Ultrasound Detection Technology
Authors: Wang Danqi , Ling Yuanjin
Published: December 2019

Rapid detection of high temperature aging process and early damage is very important for TP347HFG austenitic heat resistant steel, which is brittle and has short stable expansion period. Nonlinear ultrasound technology is sensitive to micro-nano scale defects and has great potential in early damage detection. The relationship curve between thermal damage degree and ultrasonic nonlinearity coefficient is obtained by using non-linear ultrasound technology, and the microstructure evolution characteristics of materials are analyzed. The results show that the ultrasonic nonlinearity coefficient of TP347HFG steel increases with aging time. The maximum point appears at 500 h and then increases monotonously. This trend is related to the formation and loss of conformal strain state. The experimental results provide a theoretical basis for the non-linear ultrasonic testing of TP347HFG steel at high temperature.
Research on Leverage Effect and Risk Fluctuation of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Markets Based on GARCH Family Model
Authors: Wang Liting
Published: December 2019

The stock market is characterized by high risks. If there is asymmetric effect, the risk will be further aggravated. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the fluctuation characteristics of stock market prices and their asymmetric effects. 609 data were respectively selected from the Shanghai composite index and Shenzhen securities component index from July 1, 2005 to December 28, 2007, and 634 data were respectively selected from June 9, 2015 to December 29, 2017. GARCH family model is selected for data fitting and analysis.

The results show that: First, the optimal model of Shanghai bull market is TGARCH (1,1), bear market is TGARCH (2,1), Shenzhen bull market is TGARCH (1,3), bear market is EGARCH (1,1). Second, the Chinese stock market has an asymmetric effect. Third, the range of risk fluctuations in China’s stock market is relatively large. Finally, the problems in the Chinese stock market at the emergence stage are mentioned, and corresponding solutions are proposed. Finally, the problems in the Chinese stock market at the emergence stage are mentioned, and corresponding solutions are proposed.
The research on fair value and audit fees –Based on engineering management enterprise
Authors: Zhang Ya
Published: December 2019

In 2006, the new accounting standards introduced the fair value measurement model. The fair value was implemented in the listed company on January 1, 2007. In 2014, fair value was redefined and classified disclosure requirements were improved. Subsequently, the scale of assets and liabilities measured by fair value in China keeps expanding, especially in manufacturing, construction, real estate, electric power and other engineering management enterprises. The internal control problems of engineering management companies lead to audit fee standards are not standardized, and the uncertainty of fair value will worsen this situation. The greater the uncertainty, leading to increase with the risk of audit accordingly, is finally reflected in the audit fees in the form of premium. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between fair value and audit fees taking evidences from engineering management enterprise from 2015 to 2018 year, such as construction industry, Water conservancy, environment and public facilities management industry and real estate industry, and to further explore the condition of audit fees, and providing reference for engineering management enterprise to control and manage audit fees.
Analysis of the Whole Industry Chain of Jiang Xiaobai Sorghum Wine
Authors: Zhang Yiwen
Published: December 2019

This paper uses industry chain theory to analyze the product strategy of Jiang Xiao Bai. Research shows that Jiang Xiao Bai has the advantages of the flavour meets the needs of young people, upgrade manufacturing process, development in product R&D and the internet brand communication. In order to improve the current situation of Jiang Xiaobai’s product strategy and the effectiveness of Jiang Xiaobai’s industry chain strategy. This paper puts forward some countermeasures to improve the structure, strengthen product innovation, speed up new product development and deepen brand communication. Relevant conclusions can provide reference for other liquor enterprises.
Predicted model of ecological footprint based on PLCA
Authors: Shen Qiong , Liu Yaodan , Shen Qiong
Published: December 2019

As the global ecological environment continues to increase, the sustainability research of construction projects has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. In order to achieve sustainable development of the construction industry, research on fabricated buildings is essential. Prefabricated building construction is the key to prefabricated construction, so the study of the sustainability of prefabricated components requires more attention. This paper defines the ecological footprint types of prefabricated components, and constructs a pre-fabricated ecological footprint estimation model based on Process Life Cycle Assessment (PCLA), taking concrete prefabricated composite panels as an example. An ecological footprint benchmark for the sustainability of prefabricated building components is provided by a comprehensive estimate of the resources, energy, and extent of CO2 emissions from the prefabricated process life cycle.
The relationship between management changes and corporate debt costs based on engineering management
Authors: Wu Hui , Hu Jiewu
Published: December 2019

This paper takes the companies with management changes in the construction industry of Shanghai and Shenzhen in 2013-2017 as a sample, and uses the PSM-DID method to explore the impact of management changes on debt costs. The results show that the corporates’ debt costs for management changes are significantly higher than companies that have not experienced management changes. Further research found that when management change types are abnormal changes and management successors are external successors, management changes result in higher debt costs. This research provides a basis for the management decision-making of engineering management and gives useful suggestions for its engineering management.
Comprehensive cost-effectiveness study of distributed photovoltaic projects in Jiangsu
Authors: Xue Guiyuan
Published: December 2019

Cost-benefit analysis is to analyze the relationship between costs and benefits, measure the gains and losses of economic behaviors, and obtain the optimal combination of costs and benefits. It is one of the most effective methods to evaluate investment plans. This paper takes a distributed photovoltaic power generation project in Jiangsu as the object, analyzes its investment cost and operating cost, power generation income and other economic benefits, and accordingly establishes a cost-benefit analysis model, evaluates the economy of the project, and carries out sensitivity analysis. In addition, the environmental benefit of distributed photovoltaic project is calculated. It is concluded that distributed pv can not only achieve good economic benefits, but also have good emission reduction benefits.
Dynamic Schedule Method Based on Rolling Horizon Procedure for a Discrete Manufacturing Shop with Uncertain Processing Time
Authors: Li Ming , Yang Peipei , Yuan Yiping , Wang Xie , Yi Dai
Published: December 2019

To solve the rescheduling problem of discrete manufacturing shop with uncertain processing time, an improved ant algorithm based on the rolling horizon procedure is proposed. The dynamic scheduling strategy is based on a hybrid scrolling mechanism driven by events and cycles. Analysing disturbances in the process, we divide them into explicit and implicit disturbances. The length deviation tolerance (LDT) of processing time is designed and proposed to filter out redundant rescheduling. The dynamic scheduling algorithm, based on improved ant colony algorithms, is considered with the resource constraint of the shop, and with the use of a customized state transition rule, it helps to overcome the drawbacks of long ant path searching prone to stagnation. Using simulation, the performance of the dynamic scheduling strategy and scheduling algorithm are analysed and verified, and better rolling scheduling policy parameters are obtained.
Research on Asset Management of Power Grid Engineering Based on Asset Group
Authors: Rui Yun , Hu Zhuzhou , Qian Sun , Li Yang , Wei Ran , Tang Qing
Published: December 2019

In recent years, with the slowdown in power generation, the reform of transmission and distribution prices has continued to deepen, and objectively requires more precise management of projects invested by power grid companies. This paper takes the asset group as the evaluation unit of grid engineering asset management, starts with the characteristics of the asset group, expounds the scope and division criteria of the asset group, and determines the asset group classification. The cost and benefit sharing method of the asset group is proposed. The actual cost method is used to collect the components of each asset. The electricity and cash flow based methods are used to separate the asset groups of the transmission and distribution networks. The proceeds are apportioned. The asset group input-output evaluation system was constructed. Through the multi-dimensional selection of indicators reflecting the input and output of the asset group, a comprehensive evaluation of the operation of the asset group was made. The cost-benefit sharing method and input-output evaluation system proposed in this paper can effectively guide the asset management of power grid projects and assist the power grid companies in making decisions.
Research on the Influencing Factors of Power Demand in China
Authors: Song Haixu , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Li Rui
Published: December 2019

Based on the data from 2003 to 2017 of China, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of power demand in China. The results show that the improvement of economic development and the growth of the economic contribution rate of the secondary industry both lead to the increase of electricity demand. The improvement of urbanization level and the reduction of unemployment rate are also important factors driving the electricity demand. While the price of electricity has little impact on the demand, which can be accredited to the electricity price policy of China. Electricity price is mainly regulated rather than fluctuating with the supply and demand of the market, thus it is relatively stable. The conclusions of this research can be used to guide the planning and management of power companies, which is of great significance for them to accurately predict electricity consumption, scientifically plan power grid projects, and further improve investment efficiency.
Application of a novel grey model with dynamic background value to forecast nuclear generation in China
Authors: Xiang Xiwang , Peng Zhang , Yu Lang , Yang Lizhi
Published: December 2019

Nuclear generation is an important energy construction task in China, which is regarded as the work focus of the next stage by the government. Achieving accurate predictions of nuclear generation behavior will effectively improve energy dilemma and further promote energy economics in China. In our work, the error of the classical grey model is analyzed. And a novel grey model optimized background value with series parameters is proposed, which enables more accurate calculation of background values. The application case results show the proposed model outperforms other grey models in forecasting nuclear generation in China.
An Experimental Research on Decision-making Behavior in Long-term Engineering Project Investment
Authors: Gao Kai , Wang Hui
Published: December 2019

To investigate the mechanism of decision-making in Long-term engineering project investment, we examined the relationship between investment behavior rigidity and decision makers’ personality. Firstly, we developed an investment decision experiment to measure their behavior rigidity. Secondly, we used the Scale based on the Big Five personality of the International Personality Item Pool to measure their personality. Thirdly, we investigate the relationship between investment behavior rigidity and the Big Five personality. The results are summarized as follow. First, decision makers with higher scores in openness have stronger investment behavior rigidity, and two factors of risk and rationality have a significant impact on investment behavior rigidity. Second, decision makers with higher scores in neuroticism have weaker investment behavior rigidity, and the four factors of anxiety, depression, Immoderation and Vulnerability have a significant impact on investment behavior rigidity. Third, decision makers with higher scores in extroversion have stronger investment behavior rigidity, and the two factors of gregariousness and assertiveness have a significant positive impact on investment behavior rigidity.
The Study on the Management of Entrepreneurship Engineering Based on Art Design
Authors: Lv Yajie
Published: December 2019

The engineering management is not a simple equation, such as “engineering management=engineering technology + economic management”, since there is rich connotation and significance between them. Almost all entrepreneurs have simple technology and lack scientific management for entrepreneurial engineering, which leads to the difficulty to start a business. In this paper, it starts from the related theories of engineering management and entrepreneurial engineering to make specific analysis on some problems. As a result, it explores the management methods and measures of the entrepreneurial engineering of art design, so as to promote the development of entrepreneurship.
Research on Improvement of Entrepreneurship Project Management Ability
Authors: Yang Juan
Published: December 2019

Project management is a kind of power of action and a way of thinking, which is not only beneficial to the work of project managers, but also to the future development of enterprises and individuals. Entrepreneurial projects are synchronized with enterprise projects, and the introduction of project management concepts is conducive to the success of entrepreneurship. Taking the opportunity of the reform of contemporary higher education, this paper, from the perspective of theoretical elaboration, market research and project management system analysis, recognizes the problems existing in the entrepreneurship project management ability, and dialectically demonstrates the strategy of improving entrepreneurship management ability, so as to provide reference for education of entrepreneurship and employment.
The Exploration and Application Research of Emerging Technologies in Operation and Maintenance of Large Power Grid Enterprises
Authors: Zhang Yong , Jin Liu , Wang Yini , Liu Haoyang
Published: December 2019

The new round of information technology revolution represented by big data, cloud computing, internet of things, artificial intelligence and mobile internet has created conditions for the application of operation and maintenance services in power grid enterprises. This paper deeply analyzes the development status and trend of the application of emerging technologies and its impact on power grid enterprises. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the application of emerging technologies in operation and maintenance services, such as the low level of intelligence of power grid equipment, the low level of intelligence of state detection, the management data of operation and maintenance specialty to be integrated, and the poor connection with materials, marketing and other specialties, etc., and puts forward the key points and directions of the application of emerging technologies in power grid enterprises’ operation and maintenance services.
Assessment of Bending Reinforced Concrete Beams Crack Resistance
Authors: Nuguzhinov Zh S , Bakirov Zh B , Yu Kurokhtin A , Khabidolda O , Nuguzhinova A
Published: December 2019

The problem of determining the stress state in a section of bending reinforced concrete beams with an initial and operational cracks has been solved analytically. To this end, a system of two nonlinear algebraic equations has been obtained from the equilibrium conditions of the part of the beam cut along the crack line. From this system, for a beam with an initial crack, the height of the compression zone and the nominal stress at the crack tip are determined, and for an operational crack, the height of the compression zone and the length of the crack are determined. The remaining parameters of the stress state are expressed in terms of these values. There is also determined the value of the external moment above which an increase in the initial length of the crack occurs.

Determining the stress intensity factor (SIF) is based on the assumptions that the longitudinal forces are equal at the crack tip, with and without stress concentration. The size of the stress concentration zone is determined from the condition that the local stress is equal to the nominal stress. On this basis, the formula for determining the SIF is obtained. The paper analyzes the SIF dependence on the crack length and the bending moment.

The method of calculation is valid for beams of arbitrary cross-section, but explicit dependences are given for beams of rectangular cross-section most frequently encountered in production.

The results obtained allow estimating the bearing capacity of beams with a crack, as well as their crack resistance according to the force criterion of fracture mechanics.
Thermodynamic Prototype Research of Vernacular Architecture Based on Climate Adaption
Authors: Tao Simin , Chen Huanyan
Published: December 2019

Climate adaptation represents the thermodynamic state of building systems by feedback of form, material and spatial organization. This article proposes a new method to research the climate adaptability of vernacular architecture. Taking Shentan Village settlement as a case study, we search for the architectural prototype from the perspective of thermodynamics by simulations of LADYBUG+HONEYBEE tools, extract the architectural elements related to the specific climate characteristics, and systematically analyse the internal logic of energy flow in vernacular buildings by energy systems language.
Analyzing Organization-to-project Interfaces in the Integration Management of Engineering Projects
Authors: Yu Jialu , Yang Qing , Yang Na
Published: December 2019

To carry out the construction project management work effectively, the organization interface management in the workflow is a fundamental challenge.In the ongoing project, multiple project teams need to cooperate multi-party andcomplete project product delivery in different work interfaces. Organizational interface withinworkflow will help system planning and management in the engineering field. In this study, we first propose the evaluation indicators of engineering participants and tie strength between different organizations usingthe design structure matrix (DSM). Then we construct a multi-domain matrix (MDM) based on organization-to-project by correlating multiple participants in the project with the workload completion degree and present a comprehensive strength between the organization and the project to identify the crucial project interface.Finally, we give an engineering case to illustrate the proposed method and discuss its practical value. The proposed methods reinforce several managerial practicesfor the construction organization and project arrangement.
Death and Rebirth: Regional Renewal and Development of Industrial Architecture Heritages in Shanghai
Authors: Lu Yuda , Zhao Yan , Shi Yue
Published: December 2019

Lots of industrial architecture heritages which remain the utility and aesthetic values at the present times are preserved in Shanghai which is one of the earliest industrial cities in modern China. Shanghai as the most exoteric and cutting-edge city among other countries around the world, has the distinct regional feature of avant-garde. Based on the methodologies of field investigations and case studies, the utility and aesthetic value of industrial architectural heritages in Shanghai are integrated with avant-garde for the purpose of reshaping their physical and psychic space.
Interior Living Space Preferences in the Early Housing Career of Low-Income People in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Sihombing Antony , Dian Sulistiani Coriesta , Turpuk Gabe Rossa , Sannas Saskia Cut , Chotib
Published: December 2019

DKI Jakarta has been the most prospective destination for Indonesian low-income urban migrants to find jobs. The need for affordable housing for low-income people increase along with the rise of low-income urban migrants’ number. Providing houses for Indonesian low-income people has become the Indonesian government’s concern as the housing providers for many years. There were unmatched between the housing government-supplied and the demands of the low-income people. Low-income people have unique preferences in choosing their residences. Moreover, the previous studies show one’s preferences on housing develop over one’s lifecycle, namely housing career. The preferences for living space is one of the house attribute importance that considered in choosing a residence. This paper will discuss the low-income people preferences on the living spaces and the changes of these preferences over their lifecycle, especially in their early housing career. The research method used distribution of living space preference changes by selected independent variables and bivariate statistical analysis with Pearson Contingency Coefficient. The study took five of the most populated districts in DKI Jakarta and used snowball sampling on 420 respondents. The paper discussion only focuses on 369 of 420 respondents who have at least 2-residence-career, while the other respondents have never moved out from their first residence. This study found that the majority of respondents consider living space when choosing their residence, and almost half of the preferences change along with the changes in the lifecycle. The results of this study are expected to be a consideration for the Indonesian government in providing affordable housing for Indonesian low-income people.
Climate Change, Succession, and Reproductive Success of a Praying Mantid
Authors: Hurd Lawrence E , Cheng Katherine X , Abcug Jeremy , Calhoun Lydia V , Geno Madeleine E , Merhige Robert R , Rosenthal Isaac H
Published: December 2019

We examined the adult phase of the Chinese praying mantid, Tenodera aridifolia sinensis (Saussure) (Mantodea: Mantidae) at the end of five growing seasons spanning two decades (1999–2018) in a successional old field. Sex ratio, which is generally male-biased by the time all members of a cohort are adults, exhibited a steady decline in proportion of males and eventual reversal by 2016, even though the calendar time of the study did not vary among years. Increasing length and warmth of the growing season resulted in earlier maturation, so we were seeing later portions of the adult phase at the same calendar time over successive years. This result is consistent with the earlier-published hypothesis that global warming can reduce fitness by warming and extending the growing season: earlier maturation results in earlier oviposition, which in turn causes eggs to hatch before onset of winter, thereby dying before egg diapause can occur. This may push the latitudinal distribution of this, and of other univoltine semelparous insects, farther north as the climate continues to warm. Reproductive output for the population, measured as total number of eggs produced by a cohort, peaked in 2004 at 8,514 and then fell to 226 by 2018, as did estimated numbers of adults. This decline was probably due to shrinkage of the open field area where prey were more abundant, by more than 2/3 as cedar trees replaced herbaceous vegetation during plant secondary succession. This is consistent with the hypothesis that succession limits the residence time in a habitat for these mantids.
On the critical review of five machine learning-based algorithms for predicting protein stability changes upon mutation
Authors: Savojardo Castrense , Martelli Pier Luigi , Casadio Rita , Fariselli Piero
Published: December 2019

A review, recently published in this journal by Fang (2019), showed that methods trained for the prediction of protein stability changes upon mutation have a very critical bias: they neglect that a protein variation (A- > B) and its reverse (B- > A) must have the opposite value of the free energy difference (ΔΔGAB = − ΔΔGBA). In this letter, we complement the Fang’s paper presenting a more general view of the problem. In particular, a machine learning-based method, published in 2015 (INPS), addressed the bias issue directly. We include the analysis of the missing method, showing that INPS is nearly insensitive to the addressed problem.
Child Welfare Inequalities in a Time of Rising Numbers of Children Entering Out-of-Home Care
Authors: Elliott Martin
Published: December 2019

The relationship between poverty and child maltreatment and by extension of being placed in out-of-home care is a well-established one. However, this study goes beyond recent UK studies on the scale of child welfare inequalities in the likelihood of being placed in out-of-home care by considering such inequalities over time. The study is an analysis of longitudinal administrative data on children ‘looked after’ with a specific focus on children entering care in the two years that followed the death of Peter Connelly in 2007, a period that saw a rapid increase in numbers of children entering care. The analysis considers these increases using a child welfare inequalities lens. There is a ‘social gradient’ present within the overall rates of children entering care, with children in the most deprived neighbourhoods almost twelve times more likely to enter care than those in the least deprived. Such inequalities are compounded further in times of rapidly increasing entries to care with children entering care being disproportionately drawn from the poorest neighbourhoods, illustrated by a 42-per cent increase in rates between the two years in the most deprived neighbourhoods whilst rates in the least deprived neighbourhoods fell or remained the same.
Sustained Reductions in Overall and Unnecessary Antibiotic Prescribing at Primary Care Clinics in a Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Following a Multifaceted Stewardship Intervention
Authors: Buehrle Deanna J , Shively Nathan R , Wagener Marilyn M , Clancy Cornelius J , Decker Brooke K
Published: December 2019

Background

Most antibiotic prescribing is in outpatient settings. However, antibiotic stewardship has focused overwhelmingly on hospitalized patients. In a few studies, behavioral interventions decreased unnecessary outpatient prescribing against acute respiratory infections, but data are conflicting on sustained benefits after intervention discontinuation.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, observational study in 7 primary care clinics, in which an intervention comprised of clinician education, peer comparisons, and computer decision support order sets was directed against all antibiotic prescribing. After 6 months, peer comparisons were discontinued. Antibiotic prescribing was compared in the baseline (January–June 2016), intervention (January–June 2017), and postintervention (January–June 2018) periods.

Results

Mean antibiotic prescriptions significantly decreased from 76.9 (baseline) to 49.5 (intervention) and 56.3 (postintervention) per 1000 visits (35.6% and 26.8% reductions, respectively; P values < .001). The rate of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing (ie, antibiotic not indicated) decreased from 58.8% (baseline) to 37.8% (intervention) and 44.3% (postintervention) (35.7% and 24.7% decreases, respectively; P = .001 and P = .01). Overall, 19.9% (27/136), 36.6% (66/180), and 34.9% (67/192) of antibiotics were prescribed optimally (ie, antibiotics were indicated, and a guideline-concordant agent was prescribed for guideline-concordant duration) during the baseline, intervention, and postintervention periods, respectively (baseline vs intervention and postintervention, P = .001 and P = .003, respectively). Differences between intervention and postintervention periods in overall, unnecessary, or optimal antibiotic prescribing were not significant.

Conclusions

A multifaceted outpatient stewardship intervention achieved reductions in overall, unnecessary, and suboptimal antibiotic prescription rates, which were sustained for a year after components of the intervention were discontinued. There is opportunity for further improvement, as inappropriate and suboptimal prescribing remained common.
Phenology of Douglas-Fir Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Its Role in Douglas-Fir Mortality in Western Washington
Authors: Freeman Michael B , Labarge Amy , Tobin Patrick C
Published: December 2019

Douglas-fir dominated forests are an integral part of the Pacific Northwest. In the Cedar River Municipal Watershed, Washington, these forests provide erosion control and ecosystem buffering for the Cedar River system that supplies high-quality drinking water to the Seattle area. Mortality of Douglas-fir in the watershed has been increasing in recent years. The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, as well as fungal pathogens, are key agents of mortality in Douglas-fir dominated forests, but their contributions to the current rates of mortality are unknown. We modeled D. pseudotsugae phenology in western Washington and estimated peak flight of overwintering adults at 344.5 cumulative degree-days (base temperature threshold = 4.3°C). We extended the results from the phenology model when assuming a 1.7°C increase in temperature and estimated that D. pseudotsugae adult flight could be advanced by 21–27 d. We also conducted a field study over 2 yr to quantify the individual and interacting roles of D. pseudotsugae, root rot pathogens, and other abiotic and biotic variables as drivers of Douglas-fir mortality. Study sites with recent high rates of mortality of Douglas-fir (>30%) were generally in lower elevation stands and affected by both D. pseudotsugae and root rot pathogens. Attacks by D. pseudotsugae in 1 yr were significantly associated with the presence of root rot mycelia in the following year, but not vice versa. The development of a D. pseudotsugae phenology model for the region and the identification of variables associated with Douglas-fir mortality facilitates the development of management strategies.
Thermal Tolerance of Gloomy Scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in the Eastern United States
Authors: Just Michael G , Frank Steven D
Published: December 2019

An insect species’ geographic distribution is probably delimited in part by physiological tolerances of environmental temperatures. Gloomy scale (Melanaspis tenebricosa (Comstock)) is a native insect herbivore in eastern U.S. forests. In eastern U.S. cities, where temperatures are warmer than nearby natural areas, M. tenebricosa is a primary pest of red maple (Acer rubrum L.; Sapindales: Sapindaceae) With warming, M. tenebricosa may spread to new cities or become pestilent in forests. To better understand current and future M. tenebricosa distribution boundaries, we examined M. tenebricosa thermal tolerance under laboratory conditions. We selected five hot and five cold experimental temperatures representative of locations in the known M. tenebricosa distribution. We built models to predict scale mortality based on duration of exposure to warm or cold experimental temperatures. We then used these models to estimate upper and lower lethal durations, i.e., temperature exposure durations that result in 50% mortality. We tested the thermal tolerance for M. tenebricosa populations from northern, mid, and southern locations of the species’ known distribution. Scales were more heat and cold tolerant of temperatures representative of the midlatitudes of their distribution where their densities are the greatest. Moreover, the scale population from the northern distribution boundary could tolerate cold temperatures from the northern boundary for twice as long as the population collected near the southern boundary. Our results suggest that as the climate warms the M. tenebricosa distribution may expand poleward, but experience a contraction at its southern boundary.