bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mother-bud neck as a signaling platform for the coordination between spindle position and cytokinesis in budding yeast
Authors: Merlini Laura , Piatti Simonetta
Published: August 2011

During asymmetric cell division, spindle positioning is critical for ensuring the unequal inheritance of polarity factors. In budding yeast, the mother-bud neck determines the cleavage plane and a correct nuclear division between mother and daughter cell requires orientation of the mitotic spindle along the mother-bud axis. A surveillance device called the spindle position/orientation checkpoint (SPOC) oversees this process and delays mitotic exit and cytokinesis until the spindle is properly oriented along the division axis, thus ensuring genome stability. Cytoskeletal proteins called septins form a ring at the bud neck that is essential for cytokinesis. Furthermore, septins and septin-associated proteins are implicated in spindle positioning and SPOC. In this review, we discuss the emerging connections between septins and the SPOC and the role of the mother-bud neck as a signaling platform to couple proper chromosome segregation to cytokinesis.
Genetic interactions with mutations affecting septin assembly reveal ESCRT functions in budding yeast cytokinesis
Authors: McMurray Michael A. , Stefan Christopher J. , Wemmer Megan , Odorizzi Greg , Emr Scott D. , Thorner Jeremy
Published: August 2011

Membrane trafficking via targeted exocytosis to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae bud neck provides new membrane and membrane-associated factors that are critical for cytokinesis. It remains unknown whether yeast plasma membrane abscission, the final step of cytokinesis, occurs spontaneously following extensive vesicle fusion, as in plant cells, or requires dedicated membrane fission machinery, as in cultured mammalian cells. Components of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway, or close relatives thereof, appear to participate in cytokinetic abscission in various cell types, but roles in cell division had not been documented in budding yeast, where ESCRTs were first characterized. By contrast, the septin family of filament-forming cytoskeletal proteins were first identified by their requirement for yeast cell division. We show here that mutations in ESCRT-encoding genes exacerbate the cytokinesis defects of cla4Δ or elm1Δ mutants, in which septin assembly is perturbed at an early stage in cell division, and alleviate phenotypes of cells carrying temperature-sensitive alleles of a septin-encoding gene, CDC10. Elevated chitin synthase II (Chs2) levels coupled with aberrant morphogenesis and chitin deposition in elm1Δ cells carrying ESCRT mutations suggest that ESCRTs normally enhance the efficiency of cell division by promoting timely endocytic turnover of key cytokinetic enzymes.
Lethal phenotype of mice carrying aSept11null mutation
Authors: Röseler Sabrina , Sandrock Kirstin , Bartsch Ingrid , Busse Anja , Omran Heymut , Loges Niki T. , Zieger Barbara
Published: August 2011

Septins are cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins involved in processes characterized by active membrane movement, such as cytokinesis, vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. Most septins are expressed ubiquitously, however, some septins accumulate in particular tissues. The ubiquitous SEPT11 also shows high expression levels in the central nervous system and in platelets. Here, SEPT11 is involved in vesicle trafficking and may play a role in synaptic connectivity. Interestingly, mice that harbor a homozygousSept11null mutation, diein utero. From day 11.5 post coitum onwards, development of homozygous embryos seems to be retarded and the embryos from day 13.5 onwards were dead.
Foam injection moulding – specific adjustment of foam structure and mechanical propertiesa
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Obeloer Dominik
Published: August 2011

This article deals with the possibility of optimising the mechanical properties of foam injection-moulded parts by adjusting the foam structure. By adapting the process, it is possible to manufacture foams of equal density but with different foam structures. A test to determine the influence of the foam structure on the mechanical properties, for example, shows that finer foam cells reduce the modulus under tensile load but hardly affect the flexural modulus. At the same time, a small average cell size results in increased break strain in tensile tests, whereas the strain at break under flexural load is not affected.
Altered urinary excretion of aquaporin 2 in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Rocchetti Maria Teresa , Tamma Grazia , Lasorsa Domenica , Suriano Ida Valentina , D'Apollo Annamaria , Papale Massimo , Mastrofrancesco Lisa , Grandaliano Giuseppe , Svelto Maria , Valenti Giovanna , Gesualdo Loreto , Di Paolo Salvatore
Published: August 2011

Objective

The intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) activation plays a pivotal role in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) pathogenesis, which is still largely undefined. Recently, vasopressin (AVP) has been advocated to contribute to the genesis and progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) directly, and indirectly, via RAS activation. Our aim is to explore the intrarenal activity of AVP, its relationship with RAS activity, as well as its modulation by therapies in IgAN.

Design

In this observational study, we measured plasma copeptin, a surrogate marker of AVP, the urine excretion of aquaporin 2 (AQP2), a protein reflecting renal AVP action, and angiotensinogen (AGT), a parameter of renal RAS activation, and their relationship with renal function in 44 IgAN patients at the time of renal biopsy, without any drug therapy, and after 6-month treatment with ACEi or steroid+ACEi. Twenty-one patients with other CKD and 40 healthy subjects were recruited as controls.

Methods

ELISAs were used to measure all variables of interest.

Results

At baseline, IgAN patients showed higher urinary levels of AQP2, compared with controls and patients with other CKD. Urinary AQP2 and AGT levels strongly correlated with the presence of arterial hypertension. Steroids+ACEi caused the decrease of all the variables examined. The fall of urinary AQP2 and AGT following drug treatments was associated with the decrease of daily proteinuria.

Conclusion

Our findings would support the involvement of AVP–AQP2 axis, interacting with the RAS, in the progression of IgAN and candidate AQP2 as a possible novel marker of the disease.
Prospective Longitudinal Study of Signs and Symptoms Associated With Primary Tooth Eruption
Authors: Ramos-Jorge Joana , Pordeus Isabela A. , Ramos-Jorge Maria L. , Paiva Saul M.
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the association between primary tooth eruption and the manifestation of signs and symptoms of teething in infants.

METHODS:

An 8-month, longitudinal study was conducted with 47 noninstitutionalized infants (ie, receiving care at home) between 5 and 15 months of age in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The nonrandomized convenience sample was based on the registry of infants in this age range provided by the Diamantina Secretary of Health. Eligible participants were infants with up to 7 erupted incisors and no history of chronic disease or disorders that could cause an increase in the signs and symptoms assessed in the study. Tympanic and axillary temperature readings and clinical oral examinations were performed daily. A daily interview with the mothers was conducted to investigate the occurrence of 13 signs and symptoms associated with teething presented by the infants in the previous 24 hours.

RESULTS:

Teething was associated with a rise in tympanic temperature on the day of the eruption (P = .004) and with the occurrence of other signs and symptoms. Readings of maximal tympanic and axillary temperatures were 36.8°C and 36.6°C, respectively. The most frequent signs and symptoms associated with teething were irritability (median: 0.60; P < .001), increased salivation (median: 0.50; P < .001), runny nose (median: 0.50; P < .001), and loss of appetite (median: 0.50; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Irritability, increased salivation, runny nose, loss of appetite, diarrhea, rash, and sleep disturbance were associated with primary tooth eruption. Results of this study support the concept that the occurrence of severe signs and symptoms, such as fever, could not be attributed to teething.
Temperature of Foods Sent by Parents of Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Almansour Fawaz D. , Sweitzer Sara J. , Magness Allison A. , Calloway Eric E. , McAllaster Michael R. , Roberts-Gray Cynthia R. , Hoelscher Deanna M. , Briley Margaret E.
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:

To measure the temperatures of foods in sack lunches of preschool-aged children before consumption at child care centers.

METHODS:

All parents of 3- to 5-year-old children in full-time child care at 9 central Texas centers were invited to participate in the study. Foods packed by the parents for lunch were individually removed from the sack and immediately measured with noncontact temperature guns 1.5 hours before food was served to the children. Type of food and number of ice packs in the lunch sack were also recorded. Descriptive analyses were conducted by using SPSS 13.0 for Windows.

RESULTS:

Lunches, with at least 1 perishable item in each, were assessed from 235 parent-child dyads. Approximately 39% (n = 276) of the 705 lunches analyzed had no ice packs, 45.1% (n = 318) had 1 ice pack, and 88.2% (n = 622) of lunches were at ambient temperatures. Only 1.6% (n = 22) of perishable items (n = 1361) were in the safe temperature zone. Even with multiple ice packs, the majority of lunch items (>90%) were at unsafe temperatures.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results provide initial data on how frequently sack lunches sent by parents of preschool-aged children are kept at unsafe temperatures. Education of parents and the public must be focused on methods of packing lunches that allow the food to remain in the safe temperature zone to prevent foodborne illness.
Advanced Hemodynamic Monitoring in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Lemson Joris , Nusmeier Anneliese , van der Hoeven Johannes G.
Published: August 2011

Circulatory shock is an important cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality and requires early recognition and prompt institution of adequate treatment protocols. Unfortunately, the hemodynamic status of the critically ill child is poorly reflected by physical examination, heart rate, blood pressure, or laboratory blood tests. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring consists, among others, of measuring cardiac output, predicting fluid responsiveness, calculating systemic oxygen delivery in relation to oxygen demand, and quantifying (pulmonary) edema. We discuss here the potential value of these hemodynamic monitoring technologies in relation to pediatric physiology.
Suicidal Behavior Differs Among Early and Late Adolescents Treated With Antidepressant Agents
Authors: Hysinger Erik B. , Callahan S. Todd , Caples T. Lynne , Fuchs D. Catherine , Shelton Richard , Cooper William O.
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:

To identify circumstances and characteristics of suicidal behavior among early (aged 10–14 years) and late (aged 15–18 years) adolescents from a cohort of youth who were prescribed antidepressant medication.

METHODS:

In-depth reviews of all available medical records were performed for 250 randomly chosen confirmed episodes of suicidal behavior identified as part of a large retrospective cohort study of antidepressant users and suicidal behavior. Study data were obtained from Tennessee Medicaid records and death certificates from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2006. Medical records and autopsy reports for cases identified from electronic data were adjudicated by 2 investigators blinded to exposure status and classified by using a validated scale.

RESULTS:

Of the 250 cases reviewed, 65.6% were female and 26.4% were aged 10 to 14 years. Medication ingestion was the most frequent method of suicidal behavior for both early and late adolescents; however, early adolescents were significantly more likely to use hanging as a method of suicide. Nearly one-half of the adolescents had previously attempted suicide. Early adolescents were significantly more likely to have a history of sexual abuse and significantly less likely to have a history of substance abuse. Early adolescents were also significantly more likely than older adolescents to have a history of a psychotic disorder and to report hallucinations before the suicide attempt.

CONCLUSION:

Suicidal behavior among early and late adolescents prescribed antidepressant medication differed in terms of methods used, previous psychiatric history, and proximal symptoms.
Birth Anomalies and Obstetric History as Risks for Childhood Tumors of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Partap Sonia , MacLean Jane , Von Behren Julie , Reynolds Peggy , Fisher Paul G.
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:

The causes of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors are largely unknown. Birth characteristics have been examined as possible risk factors for childhood CNS tumors, although the studies have been underpowered and inconclusive. We hypothesized that birth anomalies and a mother's history of previous pregnancy losses, as a proxy for genetic defects, increase the risk for CNS tumors.

METHODS:

From the California Cancer Registry, we identified 3733 patients aged 0 to 14 years with CNS tumors, diagnosed from 1988 through 2006 and linked to a California birth certificate. Four controls were matched to each patient. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the reported presence of a birth defect and for history of pregnancy losses by using logistic regression, adjusted for race, Hispanic ethnicity, maternal age, birth weight, and birth order.

RESULTS:

Offspring from mothers who had ≥2 fetal losses after 20 weeks' gestation had a threefold risk for CNS tumors (OR: 3.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–7.41]) and a 14-fold risk for high-grade glioma (OR: 14.28 [95% CI: 1.56–130.65]). Birth defects increased risk for the CNS cancers medulloblastoma (OR: 1.70 [95% CI: 1.12–2.57]), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (OR: 3.64 [95% CI: 1.54–8.56]), and germ cell tumors (OR: 6.40 [95% CI: 2.09–19.56]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Multiple pregnancy losses after 20 weeks' gestation and birth defects increase the risk of a childhood CNS tumor. Previous pregnancy losses and birth defects may be surrogate markers for gene defects in developmental pathways that lead to CNS tumorigenesis.
Gender- and Gestational Age–Specific Body Fat Percentage at Birth
Authors: Hawkes Colin P. , Hourihane Jonathan O'B , Kenny Louise C. , Irvine Alan D. , Kiely Mairead , Murray Deirdre M.
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND:

There is increasing evidence that in utero growth has both immediate and far-reaching influence on health. Birth weight and length are used as surrogate measures of in utero growth. However, these measures poorly reflect neonatal adiposity. Air-displacement plethysmography has been validated for the measurement of body fat in the neonatal population.

OBJECTIVE:

The goal of this study was to show the normal reference values of percentage body fat (%BF) in infants during the first 4 days of life.

METHODS:

As part of a large population-based birth cohort study, fat mass, fat-free mass, and %BF were measured within the first 4 days of life using air-displacement plethsymography. Infants were grouped into gestational age and gender categories.

RESULTS:

Of the 786 enrolled infants, fat mass, fat-free mass, and %BF were measured in 743 (94.5%) infants within the first 4 days of life. %BF increased significantly with gestational age. Mean (SD) %BF at 36 to 3767 weeks' gestation was 8.9% (3.5%); at 38 to 3967 weeks' gestation, 10.3% (4%); and at 40 to 4167 weeks' gestation, 11.2% (4.3%) (P < .001). Female infants had significantly increased mean (SD) %BF at 38 to 3967(11.1% [3.9%] vs 9.8% [3.9%]; P = .012) and at 40 to 4167 (12.5% [4.4%] vs 10% [3.9%]; P < .001) weeks' gestation compared with male infants. Gender- and gestational age–specific centiles were calculated, and a normative table was generated for reference.

CONCLUSION:

%BF at birth is influenced by gestational age and gender. We generated accurate %BF centiles from a large population-based cohort.
Climatic Heat Stress and Exercising Children and Adolescents
Authors: Bergeron Michael F. , DiLaura Devore Cynthia , Rice Stephen G. ,   Council On Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health
Published: August 2011

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed November 2019.

Results of new research indicate that, contrary to previous thinking, youth do not have less effective thermoregulatory ability, insufficient cardiovascular capacity, or lower physical exertion tolerance compared with adults during exercise in the heat when adequate hydration is maintained. Accordingly, besides poor hydration status, the primary determinants of reduced performance and exertional heat-illness risk in youth during sports and other physical activities in a hot environment include undue physical exertion, insufficient recovery between repeated exercise bouts or closely scheduled same-day training sessions or rounds of sports competition, and inappropriately wearing clothing, uniforms, and protective equipment that play a role in excessive heat retention. Because these known contributing risk factors are modifiable, exertional heat illness is usually preventable. With appropriate preparation, modifications, and monitoring, most healthy children and adolescents can safely participate in outdoor sports and other physical activities through a wide range of challenging warm to hot climatic conditions.
Orthopedic treatment of vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis
Authors: Varga Péter Pál , Bors István Béla , Lazáry Áron
Published: August 2011

Vertebral compression fracture is the most common type of fractures in osteoporosis increasing the mortality and morbidity of the systemic disease. Adequate treatment of the vertebral compression fractures is always in the focus of the national and international spine meetings and one of the most innovative fields in the spine care is the surgical therapy of the osteoporotic spine. Here, the authors summarize the orthopedic treatment options for vertebral compression fractures based on a literature review
Philosophical Foundations of Mathematics and Physics
Authors: Escultura E. E.
Published: August 2011

This chapter stands on the major rectification of foundations by David Hilbert in the early 20th Century
and more. Recognizing the ambiguity of an individual thought being inaccessible to others Hilbert proposed that
mathematics should be concerned not only with individual thought but with its representation by objects that can be
studied collectively, including symbols, subject to consistent axioms. We stand on Hilbert’s rectification and avoid
other sources of ambiguity, where contradiction usually hides, such as infinity, large and small numbers and vacuous
concepts and propositions. Turning on the real number system we find the field axioms inconsistent and rectification
paves the way for its reconstruction into the new real number system under new set of axioms.

In physics we wonder why there are long-standing unsolved problems such as the gravitational n-body and
turbulence problems and unanswered fundamental questions like what are the basic constituents of matter and the
structure of the electrons. We conclude that its present methodology of quantitative modeling that describes nature’s
appearances mathematically is quite inadequate, and proceed to complement it with qualitative modeling that
explains not only its appearances but also how it works in terms of its laws. Either methodology is indispensable to
the other. Using qualitative modeling we proceed to participate in the 5,000-year search for the basic constituent of
matter and succeed in pinning it down to the last detail of its structure called generalized nested fractal sequence. The
superstring was the crucial factor in the solution of the 200-year-old gravitational n-body problem.
The Mathematics of the Grand Unified Theory
Authors: Escultura E. E.
Published: August 2011

This chapter surveys conventional and new mathematics involved in the development of GUT. The most
important conventional mathematics includes the theories of generalized curves and surfaces and the integrated
version of Pontrjagin maximum principle developed by L. C. Young. We summarize their original development here
because they are quantitative models of many important physical concepts. The boundary year for the new
mathematics is 1998, the year of publication of the counterexamples to Fermat’s last theorem that proves the false
conjecture and catalyzed the development of new mathematics such as (a) the new real number system, (b)
generalized integral, derivative and fractal and (c) the complex vector plane (fully developed here except (c)). The
introduction to the complex vector plane that rectifies the complex number system is presented but its full
development requires re-writing of the rectified complex number system as the basis for rectification of complex
analysis. The introduction of qualitative mathematics paved the way for qualitative modeling, the crucial factor for
the discovery of the superstring and the 11 initial laws of nature required for the solution of the gravitational n-body
problem by serving as foundations of GUT. The d-sequence of a dark number qualitatively models the superstring,
the generalized curve quantitatively models its path and that of an elementary particle and the new real number
system quantitatively models time and distance of ordinary space. The generalized surface quantitatively models the
expanding Cosmic Sphere before its burst at t = 1.5 billion years from the start of the Big Bang.
The Grand Unified Theory
Authors: Escultura E. E.
Published: August 2011

We provide a detailed account of the successful 5,000-year-old search for the superstring, basic
constituent of matter, capped by its capture in 1997, and highlights what particle physics have accomplished as a
vital link in the capture of the superstring. The latter was the key to the solution of the unsolved problems and
resolution of fundamental questions of physics, particularly, the 200-year-old gravitational n-body and turbulence
problems and about the structures of the superstring, electron, proton, neutron and atom. Most of all, it laid the
foundations of the grand unified theory that binds the forces and interactions of nature in this single theory.
Naturally, it advances and unifies the natural sciences and strengthens multidisciplinary research as well. As a
matter of fact, its theoretical applications have opened up new fields in biology, geology and oceanography,
atmospheric science, physical psychology, astronomy, cosmology and medicine.

GUT explains some previously puzzling phenomena, e.g., superconductivity, matter-anti-matter interaction and
metal fatigue, and corrects misinterpretation of natural phenomena, e.g., thermonuclear reaction, magnetic
levitation and supernova. Most of all, it brings us to the threshold of a new technological epoch that utilizes the
clean, inexhaustible and free dark matter, one of the two fundamental states of matter, that is abundant
everywhere in the Cosmos.

The crucial element for all these discoveries are qualitative mathematics and modeling; the latter explains not
only the appearances of nature but also how nature works in terms of its laws. Qualitative mathematics is the only
route towards the discovery of natural laws.
Applications
Authors: Escultura E. E.
Published: August 2011

GUT and its methodology (qualitative modeling) opens up new fields in physical psychology, biology,
geological and atmospheric sciences, oceanography and medicine, and brings the science community to the
threshold of the new epoch of GUT Technology. The summary of the solution of the gravitational n-body
problem brings us to a full circle since the journey into theoretical physics, cosmology, philosophy and
applications were started with this problem.

Its theoretical application to physical psychology is the underlying physics of the mind and here are its findings:
(a) brain waves are the common medium for carrying out the brain’s and gene’s functions; (b) the brain controls
entire body functions and processes, its principal function, and the cortex, the thin layer that wraps around the
upper lobe of the brain, is the center of thought, its secondary function; (c) the main function of the gene is to
produce body tissues in the cellular membrane and ensure that every part of the body grows in the right place. (d)
the principal factor in evolution is the gene.

The theory of chaos and turbulence is developed in the geological and atmospheric sciences and applications,
while wave motion and water current are explained in oceanography. The theory of genetic composition is
developed towards the generation of technology for the treatment of genetic diseases.

An overview of the technological applications of GUT is provided and the common thread is the utilization of the
clean, free and inexhaustible dark matter that is abundant everywhere in the Cosmos.
An Economic Analysis of Participation and Time Spent in Physical Activity
Authors: Humphreys Brad R , Ruseski Jane E
Published: August 2011

This paper develops and estimates an economic model of physical activity that distinguishes between the participation and duration decisions (extensive and intensive margins). Results from IV estimators indicate that economic factors like income and opportunity cost of time are important determinants of physical activity and affect the participation and time spent decisions differently. Individuals with higher income are more likely to participate but, conditional on participation, spend less time engaged in physical activity. Individual characteristics like gender, race, marital status and having children also play an important role in the participation and duration decisions.
Anticommons and Optimal Patent Policy in a Model of Sequential Innovation
Authors: Llanes Gastón , Trento Stefano
Published: August 2011

We present a model of sequential innovation in which innovators use several research inputs to invent new goods. We extend work by Shapiro (2001) and Lerner and Tirole (2004) by studying the effects of increases in the number of patented research inputs on innovation incentives and optimal patent policy. We consider not only the effects on the incentives to invent final goods, but also on the incentives to invent research inputs (ex-ante effect). We find increasing complexity has a negative effect on innovation activity in the final goods sector when research inputs are complements. Either limiting market power through weaker patents or reducing the lack of coordination through patent pools may solve this problem. We also find the optimal patent breadth and show it is increasing in the elasticity of substitution between the inputs used in research and decreasing (increasing) in the complexity of the R&D process when research inputs are complements (substitutes).
Histologic Response and Tenascin and Fibronectin Expression After Pulp Capping in Pig Primary Teeth With Mineral Trioxide Aggregate or Calcium Hydroxide
Authors: Leites AB , Baldissera EZ , Silva AF , Tarquinio S , Botero T , Piva E , Demarco FF
Published: August 2011

Clinical Relevance

Mineral trioxide aggregate produces a lower initial inflammatory response than calcium hydroxide. However, both capping materials produce dentin barriers after seventy days.
In Vitro Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Restorative Materials Submitted to Erosive Challenges
Authors: Briso ALF , Caruzo LP , Guedes APA , Catelan A , Santos PH dos
Published: August 2011

Clinical Relevance

The effects of dental erosion caused by acidic solutions on the surface of restorative dental materials could be minimized by the application of a surface sealant.
Ramadan Fasting and Medical Science
Authors: Mauzzam MMG
Published: August 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v3i1.8221BJMS 1996; 3(1): 8-15
Clinical Profile of Neurological Disorders in Children
Authors: Islam MN , Tabib SMSB , Rahman MM
Published: August 2011

A study was done on 110 children in the age group of 1 month to 12 years admitted with neurological problems in the Dept. of Paediatrics, IPGMR, Dhaka from September 1993 to August 1994. The aim of the study was to find out neurological disorders of children and to investigate the quality of neurodiagnostic services presently available. These 110 neurological cases comprised of 8.9% of the total admission during this period. Of the 110 patients 69.10% (76) patients were male and 30.90% (34) female with a male-female ratio of 2.23%:1. 50% (55) of the patients were under two years of age. Majority of the neurological disorders were meningitis (24.55%) and cerebral palsy (21.91%). Febrile convulsion was present in 15 patients (13.64%). Other neurological problems were Encephalitis (7.27%), Epilepsy (8.81%), Hydrocephalus (3.36%), Guillain-Barré syndrome (5.45%), Brain Tumours (3.65%), Post-Polio Paresis (3.65%), Cerebral Infarction (1.82%) and others. Among 27 children with meningitis 11 cases were pyogenic, 12 cases tubercular and 4 cases were aseptic. Of the 23 cerebral palsy children 6 were due to birth asphyxia and 6 were post meningitis and in the rest 11 the cause could not be ascertained. CT scan of the brain was an effective method of investigation to determine the patholocal lesions. Only one patient (0.9%) suffering from cerebellar haemorrhage expired among these 110 patients. This study emphasized the need for a comprehensive, preventive, better neurodiagnostic service and timely management of neurological cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v3i1.8223BJMS 1996; 3(1): 21-26
Professor KA Mansur, Dr AQB Rahman, Dr MH Khan
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v3i1.8226BJMS 1996; 3(1): 39
Preferential Adsorption of Heavy Metals on Activated Carbon
Authors: Bhole V , Ramteke DS
Published: August 2011

The removal of heavy metals in single, two and three-component system through adsorption was studied and found instant removal at the initial concentration of the adsorbate. Adsorption of metals by activated carbon has been found to be dependent on pH, activated carbon dose and initial metal concentration, the type of activated carbon, its porosity and surface area. The Freundlich isotherms was used to fit the experimental data and to find out the adsorption parameters. The overall preferential adsorption pattern in multicomponent system of heavy metals was observed to be as cd> pb>cr. Generally in wastewater treatment system heavy metals are removed through adsorption in tertiary treatment. So this trend will be useful in removing maximum percentage of heavy metals preferably in multicomponent system. Key Words : Heavy metals; Adsorption; Single component system; Multicomponent system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.2572 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 211-218, 2011
Polymetallic Complexes Part 91 Dimeric and Monomeric Complexes of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, CdII and HgII with N∩O-O∩N and N∩O Donor Bis-bidentate and Bi-dentate Azodye Ligands
Authors: Mahapatra Bi B , Sarangi AK
Published: August 2011

Bis-bidentate azodye, 4,4 / -bis (4/ -dihydroxyquinolincazo)3,3/ -dimethoxydibenzene having N∩O-O∩N donors and bidentate azodye (4 -hyoxyquinolineazo)4/ methoxybenzene having N∩O donors form dimeric and monomeric complexes of the type [M2LCl2(H2O)6], [M/2LCl2(H2O)2], [ML/2(H2O)2] and [M/L/2] where M = CoII, NiII, CuII; M /II, CdII, HgII. The complexes of the first and third categories are found to be six-coordinated with an octahedral and distorted octahedral configuration and the complexes of second and fourth type are four-coordinated with a tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions. The complexes have been characterised based upon analytical, conductance, magnetic susceptibility, i.r., electronic spectra, N.M.R., E.S.R. and X-ray diffraction data. The unit cell parameters like a, b, c, α, ß, γ and V (volume) have been calculated from the 2θ values. The unit cell geometry of the complex [Co2LCl2(H2O)6] is found to be monoclinic. Key words: Polymetallic complexes; Azodye complexes; Multidentate ligands. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.3558 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 259-264, 2011
A Rapid, High Frequency Regeneration of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f.
Authors: Janarthanam B , Gayathri B , Sumath E
Published: August 2011

An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed for Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. (Acanthaceae), an important medicinal shrub. Nodal segments grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg/l Benzyl adenine (BAP) with 10 % coconut milk showed better growth response and produced 10.5 ± 0.6 shoots per explant with an average length of 4.4 ± 0.3 cm after 35 days. Rooting of shoots was achieved on growth regulator free half strength MS medium produced 5.3 ± 0.25 cm roots with an average height of 4.8 ± 0.2 cm after 30 days. The rooted plantlets were transferred for hardening, 80 % of plants were successfully established in the field. Key words: Justicia gendarussa; Nodal segments; Regeneration; Coconut milk. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.4388 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 201-204, 2011
Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of the Underexploited Wild Legume Rhynchosia bracteata Benth
Authors: Murthy KSR , Emmanuel S
Published: August 2011

The nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of Rhynchosia bracteata Benth. underexploited tribal pulses locally known as Advi Chekkudu in Telugu, used as food by local tribals in the Rollapenta forest, Kurnool district, Nallamalais of Andhra Pradesh. The mature seed samples were analysed for proximate composition, total (true) seed protein fractions, amino acid composition, fatty acids profile, mineral and antinutritional factors. The investigated seed samples contained higher amount of crude protein, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extractives constitute 20.18, 6.16, 6.12 and 61.31 % respectively. The calorific value of the seed weight 100 g dry seed material was 366.86 K.cal. The essential amino acids, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, were present in relatively large quantities. The fatty acid profiles revealed that the seed lipids contained higher concentrations of palmitic and linoleic acids. The seeds are rich in magnesium, iron potassium and phosphorous. Antinutritional factors such as total free phenols, (3.76 %) tannins (0.29%), L -DOPA (0.51%), hydrogen cyanide (0.066%) and phytic acid (0.18%) are present in variable quantities. This paper presents the chemical composition and nutritional potential of Rhynchosia bracteata seeds with regard to its suitability as a regular component in human diet. Key words. Rhynchosia bracteata; Proximate composition; Amino acids; Antinutritional factors; Fatty acids; Protein fractions; Hemagglutinating activity   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.4488 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 141-146, 2011
A DFT Calculation: Toxicity of Water Soluble Arsenicals
Authors: Salam MA
Published: August 2011

We have used the density functional theory to make a predictive toxicity model of water soluble arsenicals. The structures are optimized for the minimum energy of the Schrödinger equation. From this optimized structure, we obtain the bond distance and angles of the stable structures. We have calculated vibrational frequencies, Ionization potential, atomic charges, electrophilicity and electron affinity of those arsenicals. The calculated vibrational frequencies and other physical properties are compared with those found from the different experiment. The mode of vibrational frequencies, electrophilicity and atomic charges (Mulliken) calculated for MMA(III) , DMA(III) ,arsenic acid, arsenous acid, MMA(V) and DMA(V) that follows acute toxicity of those arsenicals in laboratory animals. Raman micro-spectroscopy might also be showed its potential applications in the toxicology screening of chemicals and new biomaterials, with a range of cell types. Applying the model one could predict toxicity level of unknown water soluble arsenicals in future. Keywords : DFT; Raman spectroscopy; toxicity; Water soluble arsenicals; LD50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.6052 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 177-182, 2011
Anti-microbial Effect of Terminalia arjuna Bark Extract against Salmonella Isolated from the Poultry litter of Rural Area of Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam S , Kabir MA , Bhuiyan HR , Mahmud MN , Nipa MN , Bakar MA , Masum SM
Published: August 2011

Seventy eight samples of poultry litter were collected from different farm of rural area of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Among 78 samples, 43 samples were Salmonella positive. Twelve organisms those showing resistance against at least two antibiotics were selected (Table I). Antimicrobial activities of the bark extract of T. arjuna against twelve selected isolates of Salmonella were then determined (Table II). Eleven of those selected isolates were shown zone of inhibition against crude bark extract of T. arjuna and one Salmonella (CL-10F) isolates showed no zone of inhibition. Key words: T. arjuna; Salmonella; Poultry; Antibiotic; Resistant; Anti-microbial. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8180 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 147-152, 2011
Clonal Propagation of Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) BL. cv. 'Golden Horizon' Through In vitro Culture of Leaf Segments
Authors: Sinha P , Jahan MAA
Published: August 2011

A protocol was established for mass clonal propagation of Phalaenopsis amabilis cv. 'Golden horizon' through in vitro culture of young leaf segments from mature plant. Explants were cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (2.0 mg l-1), a-naphthaleneaceetic acid (0.5 mg l-1), 2% (w/v) sucrose, 10% (v/v) coconut water, 2 g l-1 peptone and 1 g l-1 activated charcoal. Each section of explant produced 15 protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) after 12 weeks of culture. When phytohormone was omitted from the medium and 150 mg l-1 L-glutamone was added PLBs were found to be enlarged with leafy shoots and new PLBs were induced from the base of the old ones. Leafy shoots rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with 2 g l-1 peptone, 2% (w/v) sucrose, 10% (v/v) CW and 1 g l-1 activated charcoal, where 100% explants were developed into plantlets with roots within 8 weeks. The addition of 2.5 g l-1 banana pulp powder enhanced the number and length of roots. Within the first 32 weeks after initiation of culture about 1500 plantlets as well as a huge amount of PLBs were achieved from a single explant section. The plantlets were acclimatized in natural environment. Key words: Phalaenopsis orchid; Leaf segments; Protocorm-like bodies; Micropropagation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8182 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 163-168, 2011
MHD Heat and Mass Transfer Forced Convection Flow along a Vertical Stretching Sheet with Heat Generation and Radiation
Authors: Samad MA , Ahmed S
Published: August 2011

The present study comprises of steady two dimensional magnetohydrodynamic heat and mass transfer forced convection flow along a vertical stretching sheet in the presence of magnetic field with radiation. The nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow field occurring in the problem have been transformed to dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations by introducing suitably selected similarity variables. The ensuing equations are simultaneously solved by applying Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique with sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The results in the form of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are then displayed graphically. The corresponding skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are displayed graphically and also in tabular form as well. Several important parameters such as the prandtl number (Pr), radiation parameter (N), magnetic field parameter (M), heat source parameter (Q), schmidt number (Sc), suction parameter (fw ) and eckert number (Ec) are confronted. The effects of these parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are investigated. Key Words: MHD; Forced convection; Stretching sheet; Radiation; Heat generation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8183 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 169-176, 2011
Assessment of Noise Pollution in the Ashuganj Fertilizer Industrial Area, Ashuganj
Authors: Sultana MS , Jahan N , Islam MS , Masum SM
Published: August 2011

Noise pollution in industries is now a serious environmental concern in Bangladesh. In this study sound levels are observed inside the Ashuganj Fertilizer Company Ltd (AFCL) Ashuganj. Continuous running of high speed turbo machinery, vibration of pipelines and structures, transmission of high pressure gas, sudden release of high pressure gas generate noise hazard inside the factory during the time of production. The sound level data was collected at seventeen different locations in the ammonia production plant, ten different locations in the urea production plant and ten different locations in the residential area of AFCL. In the ammonia plant, significantly high level of sound was observed (>90dB) from the process gas cooler, let-down station, boiler-feed water pump, synthesis-gas compressor, process air compressor, alternator and ammonia compressor areas. In the Urea plant, Prill tower (top), Prill tower (absorber vent) are the most noise vulnerable areas with sound level >90 dB. Residential area found less affected by noise pollution (43-53 dB) but in some areas like playground, main gate of the residential area sound level sometimes cross the standard sound level of residential area (50 dB). In the ammonia and urea plant, the sound levels are much higher than the standard sound level (75 dB) for the industrial area, which is considered a hazard of noise may induce hearing loss, annoyance and other adverse effects on the health of the workers of AFCL. Therefore, some remedial measures should be taken to reduce the sound level inside the factory. Key words: Noise pollution; Ashuganj Fertilizer Company Ltd (AFCL); Ammonia production plant; Urea production plant; Sound level; Health hazard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8184 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 183-190, 2011
Effect of LPG Content on the Performance and Emissions of A Diesel-LPG Dual-Fuel Engine
Authors: Rao GA , Raju AVS , Rao CVM , Rajulu KG
Published: August 2011

In the present work, LPG, a by-product of petroleum refining process is used to replace conventional diesel fuel, partially, for improved combustion efficiency and clean burning. A conventional diesel engine was operated on the dual-fuel mode, using LPG as the primary fuel and diesel as the pilot fuel. A four-stroke, single-cylinder diesel engine, most widely used in agricultural sector, has been considered for the purpose of experimentation. The engine was operated at a constant speed of 1500 rpm at a low engine load of 20% and a high engine load of 80%. Under both these operating conditions, combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the engine have been evaluated and compared with that of baseline diesel fuel operation. At 20 % engine load the brake thermal efficiency of the engine has found to decrease with an increase in the LPG content. On the other hand at 80% engine load, it has increased with an increase in the LPG content. Same trend has been observed with regard to the mechanical efficiency. The volumetric efficiency has decreased with an increase in the LPG content at both the loads. The engine operation is more economical on dual-fuel operation at 80% engine load, whereas at 20% engine load, diesel fuel operation is found to be better. With regard to emissions, smoke density and emissions of NOx were found to reduce with an increase in LPG content at both the loads; however, emissions of HC and CO have shown the reverse trend. Key words: Dual-Fuel; LPG; Diesel; Combustion; Performance; Emissions Load. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8186 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 195-200, 2011
Electrical Conduction in Solution Grown Thin Films of the Complex of Zr(IV) with Cyclodichlorophosphazene Trimer
Authors: Sharma HK , Sharma H
Published: August 2011

Current transport mechanism in thin films of complex of Zr(IV) with Cyclodichlorophosphazene trimer (PNCl2)3 have been studied under normal and different illuminating conditions. It is found that at low field the film exhibits ohmic behaviour and the high field region is dominated by Richardson-Schottky (RS) mechanism. Keywords : Cyclodichlorophosphazene trimer; Richardson-Schottky; Ohmic behaviour DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8190 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 231-234, 2011
Chemical and Fatty Acid Compositions of Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L) Flour
Authors: Ogungbenle HN
Published: August 2011

The proximate, sugar, minerals and fatty acids composition of date palm fruit were determined. The moisture content is 5.24 ± 0.05%, ether extract value is 1.54 ± 0.01%, crude fibre content is 4.34+ 0.03%, crude protein content is 4.94+0.04% while the value of carbohydrate is 80.87 ± 0.05%. The fractions of sugar contained maltose (33.7mg%), fructose (22.8mg%) and glucose (22.3mg%). The most abundant minerals in the sample is potassium with the value of 710.0 mg% sample. The most concentrated fatty acids were oleic acid (44.51g/100g) > palmitic acid (23.05g/100g) > linoleic acid (11.66g/100g). All these quality food properties make it good source of unsaturated fatty acids and sweetening agent in food processing industry. Key words: Carbohydrates; Fatty acids; Minerals; Fruit flour. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8194 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 255-258, 2011
Fiber Suspensions in Turbulent flow with Two-Point Correlation
Authors: Ahmed SE , Sarker MS Alam
Published: August 2011

The equation of motion for turbulent flow of fiber suspensions has been derived in terms of correlation tensors of second order. Mathematical modeling of fiber suspensions in the turbulent flow is discussed including the correlation between the pressure fluctuations and velocity fluctuations at two points of the flow field, where the correlation tensors are the functions of space coordinates, distance between two points and the time. Keywords: Fiber suspension; Turbulent flow; Correlation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8206 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 265-270, 2011
Real Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: Specific Indications and Incremental Value over Traditional Echocardiogaphy
Authors: Nanda NC , Miller AP
Published: August 2011

With the advent of live/real time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography, 3D imaging as a research tool has evolved to a clinical mainstay. In this review, we discuss procedures for and application of 3D echocardiography to specific clinical questions. Although contemporary application remains primarily for assessment of left ventricular function, we review many more uses for this truly revolutionary technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8197 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 3-13