bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-malignant conditions diagnosed following a positive cancer signal from a multi-cancer early detection test
Authors: Choudhry Omair A. , Kharge Angana B. , Rego Seema P. , Elias Paul Z. , Buchanan Adam H. , Lennon Anne Marie , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Diehl Frank , Beer Tomasz M.
Published: October 2024

Blood-based tests for multi-cancer early detection (MCED) are being developed to facilitate the detection of various cancer types. The Detecting cancers Earlier Through Elective mutation-based blood Collection and Testing study (DETECT-A) study evaluated an MCED test in 9,911 women, age 65-75, without personal history of cancer. In a post-hoc analysis, we report on the detection of precancerous neoplasms consequent to MCED testing and follow-up. Participants with positive baseline and confirmatory MCED testing underwent 2-deoxy-2[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and diagnostic evaluation as indicated by PET-CT results. We reviewed the electronic health records of participants with a precancerous neoplasm and summarized their clinical course. MCED results were positive in 134 participants. Clinically significant pre-malignant conditions were identified in three of these participants: A 71-year-old with an ovarian mucinous cystadenoma, a 67-year-old with an appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, and a 70-year-old with colon adenomas displaying high-grade dysplasia. All three participants underwent surgical treatment and remain alive and cancer-free as of last follow up. The diagnostic evaluation of a positive MCED test may occasionally reveal clinically significant pre-cancerous conditions amenable to interventions. The frequency of such findings and their clinical impact warrants further study.
Clinical predictors of moderate-to-severe pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Unchiti Kantarakorn , Samerchua Artid , Pipanmekaporn Tanyong , Leurcharusmee Prangmalee , Sonsuwan Nuntigar , Phinyo Phichayut , Patumanond Jayanton
Published: October 2024

Background

Children with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) require specific management. However, the risk factors associated with this level of severity in pediatric OSA remain poorly defined. This study aimed to identify clinical predictors of moderate-to-severe pediatric OSA.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled children aged 1–18 years who underwent respiratory polygraphy or nocturnal oximetry between January 2013 and December 2017. Patient history, demographics, and sleep study data were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess risk factors associated with moderate-to-severe pediatric OSA. The STROBE checklist was followed in reporting this research.

Results

Among 818 children with a median age of 5 years (IQR: 3, 9), 69.4% were male, and 96.7% were diagnosed with OSA. Of those diagnosed, 542 (66.3%) had moderate-to-severe cases. Independent predictors of moderate-to-severe OSA, with their adjusted odds ratios (95% CI), included: age 1–5 years; 6.16 (3.98–9.53), obesity; 2.08 (1.35–3.19), adenotonsillar hypertrophy; 1.58 (1.05–2.36), frequent snoring (>5 nights/week); 6.86 (4.40–10.67), stopped breathing during sleep; 2.34 (1.50–3.63), awakening during sleep; 2.04 (1.32–3.12), and excessive daytime somnolence; 2.10 (1.28–3.43).

Conclusions

Children referred to a sleep center demonstrated an increased risk of being diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSA. Key clinical predictors of moderate-to-severe OSA included age 1–5 years, frequent snoring, episodes of stopped breathing or awakening during sleep, excessive daytime somnolence, obesity, and adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Prioritizing early sleep investigations and appropriate management for children exhibiting these predictors may enhance clinical outcomes and mitigate the risk of long-term complications.
Neonatal lupus erythematosus successfully treated by exchange transfusion: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Minqian , Sun Wenqiang , Peng Hanghang , Zhu Xueping
Published: October 2024

Introduction

There are few reports of severe hematological involvement in children with neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) treated with exchange transfusion. In this case report, we present a female patient with NLE admitted to the Children's Hospital of Soochow University. The main clinical manifestations were pancytopenia and congenital heart block (CHB). Her condition was serious and could not be improved by conventional treatment; however, she responded well to exchange transfusion therapy.

Case presentation

A female infant, aged 1 month and 3 days, was admitted to the Children's Hospital of Soochow University owing to the “discovery of thrombocytopenia over 1 month.” She tested positive for anti-SSA IgG, anti-Ro-52 IgG, and anti-mitochondrial M2 antibodies. In contrast, her mother tested positive for ANA (1:320) and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies. The patient was diagnosed with NLE and presented with pancytopenia and CHB. Her cardiac function was normal and no intervention was performed; however, her hematological involvement was more severe, without significant improvement after steroid, intravenous immunoglobulin, and transfusion treatments. After exchange transfusion therapy, the patient significantly improved, and the short-term follow-up prognosis was good.

Conclusion

For patients with NLE presenting with hematological involvement that cannot be improved by conventional treatment or whose condition is serious, exchange transfusion therapy should be considered to reduce antibody titers and improve their condition.
Screening of active components of melastoma dodecandrum lour. against diabetic osteoporosis using cell membrane chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqin , Mao Jiale , Shao Lu , Liu Shuang , Zhou Jiwang , Mei Mingrong , Zhang Zunjing
Published: October 2024

Background

Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MD), a traditional botanical drug known for its hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, is commonly used to treat diabetes, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. However, its specific active components against diabetic osteoporosis remain unclear.

Purpose

This study aimed to identify the key active components in MD using cell membrane chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and validate their effects in vitro.

Methods

An AGEs-induced osteoblast injury model was established. MTT assays measured cell viability, and ALP activity was assessed using a biochemical kit. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression levels of osteoblast-related proteins OCN and RUNX2 and the AGE receptor protein RAGE. ELISA was used to determine the levels of SOD, MDA, CAT, and GPx. PCR quantified TNF-α expression to evaluate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of MD. The AGEs-induced osteoblast cell membrane chromatography-mass spectrometry method facilitated the rapid identification of potentially active compounds based on their affinity for the osteoblast cell membrane. Cell experiments further validated the activity of the characteristic component isovitexin.

Results

MD significantly improved cell viability in AGEs-damaged osteoblasts, enhanced ALP, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, reduced MDA levels, increased OCN and RUNX2 protein expression, and decreased TNF-α mRNA and RAGE protein expression. Cell membrane chromatography identified 20 chemical constituents, including 13 flavonoids, 4 organic acids, 1 phenylpropanoids, 1 terpenoids, and 1 alkaloid. Cell experiments have confirmed that isovitexin has significant protective activity against osteoblasts and can inhibit the expression of specific receptor RAGE on the osteoblast membrane, consistent with the effect of MD.

Conclusion

MD and its active component, isovitexin, provide protective effects against AGEs-induced osteoblast injury, offering a basis for subsequent drug development.
A mathematical model of glomerular fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease to predict therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Thomas Haryana Y. , Ford Versypt Ashlee N.
Published: October 2024

Background

Glomerular fibrosis is a tissue damage that occurs within the kidneys of chronic and diabetic kidney disease patients. Effective treatments are lacking, and the mechanism of glomerular damage reversal is poorly understood.

Methods

A mathematical model suitable for hypothesis-driven systems pharmacology of glomerular fibrosis in diabetes was developed from a previous model of interstitial fibrosis. The adapted model consists of a system of ordinary differential equations that models the complex disease etiology and progression of glomerular fibrosis in diabetes.

Results

Within the scope of the mechanism incorporated, advanced glycation end products (AGE)—matrix proteins that are modified due to high blood glucose—were identified as major contributors to the delay in the recovery from glomerular fibrosis after glucose control. The model predicted that inhibition of AGE production is not an effective approach for accelerating the recovery from glomerular fibrosis. Further, the model predicted that treatment breaking down accumulated AGE is the most productive at reversing glomerular fibrosis. The use of the model led to the identification that glucose control and aminoguanidine are ineffective treatments for reversing advanced glomerular fibrosis because they do not remove accumulated AGE. Additionally, using the model, a potential explanation was generated for the lack of efficacy of alagebrium in treating advanced glomerular fibrosis, which is due to the inability of alagebrium to reduce TGF-β.

Impact

Using the mathematical model, a mechanistic understanding of disease etiology and complexity of glomerular fibrosis in diabetes was illuminated, and then hypothesis-driven explanations for the lack of efficacy of different pharmacological agents for treating glomerular fibrosis were provided. This understanding can enable the development of more efficacious therapeutics for treating kidney damage in diabetes.
Predicting oil accumulation by fruit image processing and linear models in traditional and super high-density olive cultivars
Authors: Montanaro Giuseppe , Carlomagno Antonio , Petrozza Angelo , Cellini Francesco , Manolikaki Ioanna , Koubouris Georgios , Nuzzo Vitale
Published: October 2024

The paper focuses on the seasonal oil accumulation in traditional and super-high density (SHD) olive plantations and its modelling employing image-based linear models. For these purposes, at 7-10-day intervals, fruit samples (cultivar Arbequina, Fasola, Frantoio, Koroneiki, Leccino, Maiatica) were pictured and images segmented to extract the Red (R), Green (G), and Blue (B) mean pixel values which were re-arranged in 35 RGB-derived colorimetric indexes (CIs). After imaging, the samples were crushed and oil concentration was determined (NIR). The analysis of the correlation between oil and CIs revealed a differential hysteretic behavior depending on the covariates (CI and cultivar). The hysteresis area (Hyst) was then quantified and used to rank the CIs under the hypothesis that CIs with the maximum or minimum Hyst had the highest correlation coefficient and were the most suitable predictors within a general linear model. The results show that the predictors selected according to Hyst-based criteria had high accuracy as determined using a Global Performance Indicator (GPI) accounting for various performance metrics (R2, RSME, MAE). The use of a general linear model here presented is a new computational option integrating current methods mostly based on artificial neural networks. RGB-based image phenotyping can effectively predict key quality traits in olive fruit supporting the transition of the olive sector towards a digital agriculture domain.
Enhancing cold tolerance in tobacco through endophytic symbiosis with Piriformospora indica
Authors: Li Han , Wang Zhiyao , Yu Yongxu , Gao Weichang , Zhu Jingwei , Zhang Heng , Li Xiang , Liu Yanxia
Published: October 2024

Tobacco, a warm-season crop originating from the Americas, is highly susceptible to cold stress. The utilization of symbiotic fungi as a means to bolster crops’ resilience against abiotic stresses has been proven to be a potent strategy. In this study, we investigated the effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on the cold resistance of tobacco. When exposed to cold stress, the colonization of P.indica in tobacco roots effectively stimulates the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). This, in turn, reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby mitigating oxidative damage. Additionally, P. indica elevates the levels of osmolytes, such as soluble sugars, proline, and soluble proteins, thus facilitating the restoration of osmotic balance. Under cold stress conditions, P. indica also induces the expression of cold-responsive genes. Furthermore, this fungus not only enhances photosynthesis in tobacco by stimulating the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, strengthening Rubisco activity, and elevating PSII efficiency, but also fortifies tobacco’s nitrogen assimilation by inducing the expression of nitrate transporter gene and activating enzymes related to nitrogen assimilation. Consequently, this synergistic optimization of nitrogen and carbon assimilation provides a solid material and energetic foundation for tobacco plants to withstand cold stress. Our study demonstrates that a mycorrhizal association between P. indica and tobacco seedlings provides multifaceted protection to tobacco plants against low-temperature stress and offers a valuable insight into how P. indica enhances the cold tolerance of tobacco.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with anxiety disorders in secondary mental health care settings alongside a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sado Mitsuhiro , Koreki Akihiro , Ninomiya Akira , Kurata Chika , Park Sunre , Fujisawa Daisuke , Kosugi Teppei , Nagaoka Maki , Nakagawa Atsuo , Mimura Masaru
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Anxiety disorder is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is effective for treating anxiety disorders. However, no studies have investigated the cost-effectiveness of MBCT for anxiety disorders. We aimed to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to clarify the cost-effectiveness of MBCT for anxiety disorders.

Methods

A cost-effectiveness analysis alongside an RCT was conducted for 8 weeks in 40 patients with anxiety disorders at a university hospital. Patients (1) aged 20–75 years; (2) who were diagnosed with panic disorder/agoraphobia or social anxiety disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria; and (3) who provided written consent were analyzed. The participants were allocated randomly (1:1 ratio) to the augmented MBCT group (i.e., MBCT plus treatment as usual [TAU]) or TAU (waitlist control) group. The cost-effectiveness was assessed using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which is the ratio of the incremental costs divided by the incremental state-trait anxiety inventory- state (STAI-S), state-trait anxiety inventory- trait (STAI-T), and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The QALYs were estimated using The Japanese version of EuroQoL five-dimensional 3-level questionnaire. The unit cost data were derived from the government-regulated fees. This study was conducted from a public healthcare insurance perspective. No discount rates were considered.

Results

A total of 38 participants with complete data were included in the analysis. The MBCT was JPY 13,885 more than the cost of TAU and was associated with a STAI-S, STAI-T, and QALY increase of 10.13, 12.00, 0.009 respectively. The ICER were JPY 1,371 (USD13) per STAI-S, JPY 1,157 (USD 11) per STAI-T, and JPY 1,566,357 (USD 14,940) per QALY respectively. MBCT had an 77.5% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness to pay threshold in Japan (JPY 5,000,000 per QALY). The results of the four one-way sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the base-case analysis findings.

Discussion

Augmented MBCT for anxiety disorders is cost-effective compared with TAU post-treatment from a public healthcare insurance perspective. Future studies should include long-term observations, and analysis from a societal perspective.
Psychometric properties of the situational procrastination scale of medical undergraduates: factor structure, reliability, and validity
Authors: Wang Chunxiao , You You , Ahemaitijiang Nigela , Han Zhuo Rachel
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Procrastination is very common among college students, but there is a lack of consistency in the relationship between procrastination and academic achievement, which might be partly caused by the limitations of previous procrastination scales. The current study constructed the Situational Procrastination Scale (SPS) with two subscales, the Academic Situational Procrastination Scale (ASPS) and the Daily Life Situational Procrastination Scale (DSPS), by adapting previous procrastination scales.

Method

The valid sample for data analysis included 2,094 medical undergraduates. After testing item discrimination, we conducted exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance to examine the factor structures. Reliability (i.e., internal and test-retest reliability) and validity (i.e., concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity) of the SPS were verified subsequently.

Results

The ASPS included near lateness, lateness, procrastination on academic tasks before deadlines, and procrastination on academic tasks beyond deadlines, and measurement invariance across gender, household registration, and family financial status was found. The DSPS included procrastination on going out, consumption, routines, and communication, and had measurement invariance across grade, household registration, and family financial status. The results demonstrated adequate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Situational procrastination positively correlated with trait procrastination at a moderate or low level and negatively correlated with self-efficacy. Only procrastination on academic tasks before and beyond deadlines negatively predicted academic achievement.

Discussion

The SPS could measure procrastination accurately and clarify the nexus between procrastination and academic achievement, which has implications for improving the academic warning system.
Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder
Authors: Du Ning , Wang Yvna , Geng Dandan , Chen Huan , Chen Fengming , Kuang Li , Guo Jiamei
Published: October 2024

Objective

Limited research exists on the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study investigates the effects of ECT on inflammatory markers in adolescents aged 13-18 suffering from severe MDD, evaluating its efficacy in modulating cellular inflammatory markers and ameliorating depressive symptoms.

Methods

A cohort of 38 adolescents with severe MDD received standard antidepressant therapy along with 6-8 ECT sessions spanning two weeks. A control group of 29 age-matched, healthy individuals was also assessed for comparative purposes. The investigation measured variations in depressive symptomatology and inflammatory marker levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10) pre- and post-intervention.

Results

Post-ECT, a substantial decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were noted. Participants who responded to the treatment showed a significant decline in HAMD-17 scores, which accentuates ECT’s therapeutic potential. Comparative analysis indicated a significant correlation between post-treatment inflammatory marker alterations and clinical improvement, implying that shifts in inflammatory state might serve as predictors of treatment response. Moreover, the mitigation of depressive symptoms exhibited a moderate correlation with post-treatment decrements in IL-1β and IL-6 levels, underscoring MDD’s intricacy and ECT’s comprehensive impact.

Conclusion

While initial inflammatory marker levels did not predict the response to ECT, the post-treatment measures appeared to be linked to clinical improvement. These findings suggest ECT’s potential effectiveness in treating severe MDD in adolescents and point to the possible predictive value of inflammatory markers in therapeutic outcomes. The study contributes to our understanding of the biopsychosocial framework of MDD and indicates that ECT may be a viable treatment option for this population.
COVID-19 drives medical education reform to promote “healthy China 2030” action plan
Authors: Han Liping , Wu Fuyun
Published: October 2024

In June 2019, the Chinese government proposed the Healthy China Action Plan (2019–2030) development strategy, which focuses on disease prevention and health promotion. It is expected that by 2030, the national health literacy level will be significantly improved, premature mortality caused by major chronic diseases will be significantly reduced, the average healthy life expectancy will be greatly improved, and the main health indicators of residents will enter the ranks of high-income countries. Unfortunately, at the end of 2019, COVID-19 began to break out in Wuhan, China, which had a huge impact on China's economy and people's health. A series of problems in China's health care and medical education were exposed in the prevention and treatment of the epidemic. How to reform medical education and build a medical talent training system with Chinese characteristics is the key to achieving China's Health 2030 strategy. This article will explore the direction of medical education reform in China under the background of the “Healthy China 2030” strategy and the post pandemic era.
Large language models can help boost food production, but be mindful of their risks
Authors: De Clercq Djavan , Nehring Elias , Mayne Harry , Mahdi Adam
Published: October 2024

Coverage of ChatGPT-style large language models (LLMs) in the media has focused on their eye-catching achievements, including solving advanced mathematical problems and reaching expert proficiency in medical examinations. But the gradual adoption of LLMs in agriculture, an industry which touches every human life, has received much less public scrutiny. In this short perspective, we examine risks and opportunities related to more widespread adoption of language models in food production systems. While LLMs can potentially enhance agricultural efficiency, drive innovation, and inform better policies, challenges like agricultural misinformation, collection of vast amounts of farmer data, and threats to agricultural jobs are important concerns. The rapid evolution of the LLM landscape underscores the need for agricultural policymakers to think carefully about frameworks and guidelines that ensure the responsible use of LLMs in food production before these technologies become so ingrained that policy intervention becomes challenging.
A systematic review protocol of injuries and illness across all the competitive cycling disciplines, including track cycling, mountain biking, road cycling, time trial, cyclocross, gravel cycling, BMX freestyle, BMX racing, e-sport, para-cycling and artistic cycling
Authors: Fallon Thomas , Heron Neil
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The sport of cycling has witnessed phenomenal growth over the past decade. Globally, over 200 million television hours across five continents watched the recent inaugural World Championships in Glasgow, in 2023. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world cycling governing body, has highlighted its mission to “promote and support research in cycling epidemiology and medicine, especially for the benefit of lesser-known disciplines” within its 2030 Agenda. This paper outlines a proposed protocol to conduct a systematic review that comprehensively analyses and synthesises the existing literature about cycling-related injuries and illness across all competitive disciplines.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be followed through each stage of this systematic review. Cycling is an umbrella term used for many individual disciplines. Investigation of all types of injuries and/or illnesses sustained during training and/or competition among competitive athletes across all disciplines will be included in this review. A computerised, systematic literature search will be conducted in electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Independent screening by two reviewers in a two-step process: title/abstract screening followed by full-text review. The reference lists of included articles will be searched to identify any other potentially relevant articles. Narrative synthesis and tabular/charted presentation of the extracted data will be included.

Discussion

This protocol paper outlines the methodology to conduct a systematic review of injuries and illness across all competitive cycling disciplines. The aims of outlining this systematic review protocol are to aid research transparency, help reduce publication bias, prevent selective publication, and prevent the selective reporting of results. Future systematic reviews based on the proposed protocol will summarise the known prevalence, incidences, locations and burden of injury and illness across the sport of cycling.

Trial Registration

This study has been registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD42024502703).
When does annual geriatric hip fracture mortality revert to baseline?
Authors: Bernstein Joseph , Lee Alexander , Ahn Jaimo
Published: October 2024

Background

Geriatric hip fracture patients exhibit high mortality post-injury. It's unclear if and when mortality reverts to baseline. We therefore ask, When, if ever, does the mortality rate of geriatric hip fracture revert to the population-wide baseline rate? How does the mortality rate after geriatric hip fracture compare to the population norms? Understanding this timeline is crucial for assessing disease burden and guiding treatment plans.

Methods

A cohort of 17,868 male patients aged 65–89 years treated for hip fracture within the VA healthcare system was studied. Patients were grouped by age at the time of fracture, and age-specific fractional survival was assessed annually for 10 years. For a comparison control group, a virtual cohort of 17,868 individuals, mirroring the age distribution of the patient group, was created and reduced over 10 cycles according to Social Security Administration expected mortality statistics.

Results

The year-one mortality rate among fracture patients was 35.4%, compared to 6.3% in age-matched controls. By year ten, only 8.5% of the fracture patients remained alive, vs. 39.8% in the general population. The annual risk of dying for patients who survived past the first year was consistently in the range 19%–21% for all subsequent years.

Conclusion

Hip fracture patients who survive the initial injury are still subject to annual mortality risk of approximately 20%, an elevation above population norms persisting for at least a decade. The data underscores the severity of geriatric hip fractures, and suggest that focusing one- or two-year survival rates may not fully capture the severity of the injury.
Case Report: Osteosynthesis-associated infection with Ochrobactrum intermedium after acetabular fracture
Authors: Krueger David Richard , Heller Karl-Dieter , Trampuz Andrej , Weenders Stefan
Published: October 2024

Ochrobactrum intermedium (O. intermedium) is a gram-negative, non-fermenting bacterium closely related to Brucella genus. O. intermedium resembles an emergent human pathogen that has rarely been detected in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients. A musculoskeletal infection with O. intermedium has not been described in the literature. We present the first case of an osteosynthesis-associated infection (OAI) with O. intermedium in an 80-year-old female patient after osteosynthesis of an acetabular fracture. The patient was admitted to the emergency department 6 months after osteosynthesis of a posterior column acetabular fracture treated via open reduction and internal plate fixation of the posterior column. The patient demonstrated tenderness, redness and swelling at the insertion site as well as a fistula. The radiological controls showed femoral head necrosis and partial protrusion of the head into the pelvis. The laboratory parameters showed no pathological findings. OAI was assumed and a two-stage revision with implant removal and resection arthroplasty in the first stage and hip arthroplasty in the second stage was performed. All microbiological specimens taken at the osteosynthesis site and the hip joint grew O. intermedium. The pathogen was determined using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) method. Antibiotic regime consisted of intravenous (IV) meropenem for two weeks followed by oral ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. Implantation of the hip prosthesis was performed 6 weeks after the index surgery using a cementless revision cup and a cemented stem. Meropenem and vancomycin IV were given for one week followed by ciprofloxacin and doxycycline for another 5 weeks. 24 months after the surgery, the patient is infection free and satisfied with the result. With this case report we would like to increase awareness of possible implant-associated bacterial infections caused by O. intermedium.
Diagnostic performance of digital tomosynthesis for postoperative assessment of acetabular fractures and pelvic ring injuries
Authors: Coscia Atticus , Schweppe Eric , Anari Jason , Kneeland Bruce , Horan Annamarie , Mehta Samir , Ahn Jaimo
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) has broad non-orthopaedic applications and has seen limited use within orthopaedics for imaging of the wrist. The utility of DTS for assessing reduction and hardware placement following operative treatment of pelvic ring injuries and acetabular fractures has not previously been investigated.

Methods

All operatively treated acetabular fractures and pelvic ring injuries that underwent surgical fixation within a one-year time span received both a computed tomography (CT) scan and a DTS scan as part of their routine postoperative imaging workup. Three orthopaedic traumatologists independently reviewed the images for face-value clinical utility. Radimetrics and PCXMC software were utilized on a subset of the study population's DTS and CT studies to calculate the effective and organ radiation doses delivered.

Results

52 patients (22 acetabular fractures, 22 pelvic ring injuries, 7 pelvic ring and acetabular fractures, 2 femoral head & acetabular fractures) were included. DTS was considered adequate to assess reduction 83% of the time, hardware position 83% of the time, and sufficient to replace the CT scan 67% of the time. DTS was associated with an 8.3 times lower effective radiation dose than CT. All organ doses were lower for DTS than CT.

Discussion

DTS appears to have face-value clinical utility for assessing reduction and hardware position following surgical treatment of acetabular fractures and pelvic ring injuries. Given that DTS is associated with significantly lower radiation doses to patients, further study utilizing more objective criteria is warranted.
A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Strategy Based on Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) Algorithm
Authors: Jia Dabin , Wang Dazhi
Published: October 2024

To address the multi-peak characteristics of the P-U output characteristic curve when the photovoltaic array is partially shaded, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method combining Harris Hawk optimization, and a variable step conductance increment method is proposed in this article. Although the Harris Hawk Optimization algorithm has advantages in optimizing multi-modal P-U curves, when the lighting conditions suddenly change, the output characteristic curve will undergo drastic changes, causing the algorithm to oscillate repeatedly at the maximum power point. Moreover, due to its inherent limitations, the Harris Hawk algorithm has a low convergence accuracy, slow tracking speed, and is prone to getting trapped in a local optimum. In order to compensate for the shortcomings of the Harris Hawk Optimization algorithm, the variable step conductance increment method is switched for local exploration to improve the algorithm’s ability to escape from the local optimal solution and reduce power oscillation. Finally, the MPPT control of the proposed strategy was simulated and verified on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation (2021) platform. In the MPPT test experiment, the proposed composite algorithm was applied to simulate and verify uneven irradiance conditions.
Entrepreneurial Intention in Romanian Engineering Students: Expanding the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Balgiu Beatrice Adriana , Simionescu-Panait Andrei
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the entrepreneurial intention of Romanian engineering students. We had a sample of 700 students (mean age = 23.14; SD = 2.92; 378 males and 322 females) who belonged to three technical universities and completed an online survey between October and December 2023. This research extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore the factors influencing students’ entrepreneurial intentions. In addition to base TPB components, such as attitude, normative and perceived behavioral control factors, we considered curiosity and well-being. Three structural equation models were used, one after the other, through the method of partial least squares (PLS-EM). The results show that attitude, perceived control behavior and curiosity have a positive impact on entrepreneurial intention, whereas subjectivenorms, surprisingly, have a negative impact on it. Psychological well-being expressed through autonomy is not associated with entrepreneurial intention in our sample of students. This article contributes to a better understanding of entrepreneurial intention in engineering students.
Impacts of Light Exposure and Soil Covering on Sweet Potato Storage Roots in a Novel Soilless Culture System
Authors: Sakamoto Masaru , Suzuki Takahiro
Published: October 2024

Soilless culture systems, which promote plant growth and enable the precise control of the root-zone environment, have yet to be fully established for sweet potatoes. In this study, we developed a soilless culture system and examined the effects of soil covering and light exposure on the storage roots of sweet potatoes. Sweet potato seedlings with induced storage roots were transplanted into five systems: a previously developed pot-based hydroponics system (Pot), an improved version with storage roots enclosed in a plastic box and covered with a soil sheet (SS), the SS system without the soil sheet (SD), the SD system with light exposure to storage roots after 54 days (SL), and a deep flow technique (DFT) hydroponics system. Our study enabled the time-course observation of storage root enlargement in the SS, SD, and SL systems. In the SL system, light exposure suppressed the storage root enlargement and reduced epidermal redness. No storage root enlargement was observed in the DFT system, even at 151 days after transplantation. Light exposure in the SL system increased the chlorophyll and total phenolic contents in the cortex beneath the epidermis, while the starch content was the lowest in this system. These findings indicate that the developed system can induce normal storage root enlargement without soil. Additionally, the observed changes in growth and composition due to light exposure suggest that this system is effective for controlling the root-zone environment of sweet potatoes.
Novel Strain Bacillus velezensis LAFUEL 03: Activity Against Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum, Control of Bacterial Leaf Streak of Corn and Genome Insights into Its Antagonistic Activity
Authors: Duin Izabela Moura , Rodrigues Vanessa Hitomi Sugahara , Leite Rui Pereira , Balbi-Peña Maria Isabel
Published: October 2024

The main objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of three putative antagonist bacterial strains of Bacillus spp. against Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv) and their potential to control bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of corn. Additionally, the study included investigations on the genome of one of these antagonist bacteria, such as genome sequencing and mining of genes involved in biofilm formation, swarming motility, and synthesis of secondary metabolites. The growth of Xvv was inhibited by both cell suspensions and cell-free supernatants of the bacterial strains LAFUEL 01, LAFUEL 02, and LAFUEL 03 in agar diffusion tests. All three antagonist strains significantly reduced the severity of BLS in the 3rd and 4th leaves of corn plants that were artificially inoculated at the V3 growth stage under greenhouse conditions. The 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed that the antagonistic bacterial strains belong to the genus Bacillus, with LAFUEL 03 having approximately 97% similarity to B. velezensis. B. velezensis LAFUEL 03 harbors genes related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biofilm formation/regulation, and swarming motility that enhances its potential for controlling BLS in corn and suggests a promising candidate for the development of a commercial biocontrol agent.
Integrating Digital Twins and Artificial Intelligence Multi-Modal Transformers into Water Resource Management: Overview and Advanced Predictive Framework
Authors: Syed Toqeer Ali , Khan Muhammad Yasar , Jan Salman , Albouq Sami , Alqahtany Saad Said , Naqash Muhammad Tayyab
Published: October 2024

Various Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in water resource management highlight the current methodologies’ strengths and limitations in forecasting, optimization, and control. We identify a gap in integrating these diverse approaches for enhanced water prediction and management. We critically analyze the existing literature on artificial neural networks (ANNs), deep learning (DL), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, machine learning (ML) models such as supervised learning (SL) and unsupervised learning (UL), and random forest (RF). In response, we propose a novel framework that synergizes these techniques into a unified, multi-layered model and incorporates a digital twin and a multi-modal transformer approach. This integration aims to leverage the collective advantages of each method while overcoming individual constraints, significantly enhancing prediction accuracy and operational efficiency. This paper sets the foundation for an innovative digital twin-integrated solution, focusing on reviewing past works as a precursor to a detailed exposition of our proposed model in a subsequent publication. This advanced approach promises to redefine accuracy in water demand forecasting and contribute significantly to global sustainability and efficiency in water use.
The Memory Abilities of the Elderly Horse
Authors: Cellai Syria , Gazzano Angelo , Casini Lucia , Gazzano Valentina , Cecchi Francesca , Macchioni Fabio , Cozzi Alessandro , Pageat Lucie , Arroub Sana , Fratini Sara , Felici Martina , Curadi Maria Claudia , Baragli Paolo
Published: October 2024

Studies on short- and long-term memory and their decline with aging in horses are still limited. This research aimed to assess the learning and short- and long-term memory abilities of adult and senior horses. A total of 21 adult horses (5–15 years) and 23 senior horses (16 years and older) were subjected to a behavioral test (Target Touch Test), which was repeated three times each for the initial test (T1) and again after 10 days (T10). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between adult and senior horses in the three tests conducted at T1. However, a significant difference was observed at T10 (χ2 = 42.1; p < 0.001). In fact, senior horses took longer to complete the test than adults. A significant difference between males and females, adults and seniors, at T1 and T10 (χ2 = 56.3; p < 0.001) was found, but no difference between male and female adult and senior horses in completing the three single tests at T1 and T10 was evidenced. In conclusion, even senior horses are capable of associative learning, maintaining the memory of this learning even after 10 days. However, they show slower recovery times for recalling memorized information compared to animals under 16 years of age.
Probiotic-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose as an Alternative to Combat Carbapenem-Resistant Bacterial Infections
Authors: Gutiérrez-Fernández José , Cerezo-Collado Laura , Garcés Víctor , Alarcón-Guijo Pablo , Delgado-López José M. , Dominguez-Vera Jose M.
Published: October 2024

Background: Carbapenems are one of the mainstays of treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). This has made the rise of carbapenem-resistant bacteria a threat to global health. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified carbapenem-resistant bacteria as critical pathogens, and the development of novel antibacterials capable of combating infections caused by these bacteria is a priority. Objective: With the aim of finding new alternatives to fight against ARB and especially against carbapenem-resistant bacteria, we have developed a series of living materials formed by incorporating the probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), Lactobacillus fermentum (Lf), and a mixture of both (L. plantarum+L. fermentum) into bacterial cellulose (BC). Results: These probiotic-loaded bacterial celluloses inhibited the proliferation of three ARB, including two carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria (CRE), identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, and a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, while the probiotics L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and the mixture of both were found to be inactive against these ARB, they became active once incorporated into BC. Conclusions: The increase in activity is due to the known effect that cells increase their activity once incorporated into a suitable matrix, forming a living material. For the same reasons, the probiotics in the living materials BC–L. plantarum, BC–L. fermentum, and BC–L. plantarum+L. fermentum showed increased stability, allowing them to be stored with bacterial activity for long periods of time (two months).
The Molecular Bases of Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Paraoxonase 1
Authors: Jakubowski Hieronim
Published: October 2024

The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are thought to be mediated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a calcium-dependent hydrolytic enzyme carried on a subfraction of HDL that also carries other anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory proteins. In humans and mice, low PON1 activity is associated with elevated oxidized lipids and homocysteine (Hcy)-thiolactone, as well as proteins that are modified by these metabolites, which can cause oxidative stress and inflammation. PON1-dependent metabolic changes can lead to atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. The molecular bases underlying these associations are not fully understood. Biochemical, proteomic, and metabolic studies have significantly expanded our understanding of the mechanisms by which low PON1 leads to disease and high PON1 is protective. The studies discussed in this review highlight the changes in gene expression affecting proteostasis as a cause of the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory phenotypes associated with attenuated PON1 activity. Accumulating evidence supports the conclusion that PON1 regulates the expression of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory proteins, and that the disruption of these processes leads to disease.
Functional, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activity of Edible Flowers
Authors: Coyago-Cruz Elena , Alarcón Alejandro , Guachamin Aida , Méndez Gabriela , Osorio Edison , Heredia-Moya Jorge , Zuñiga-Miranda Johana , Beltrán-Sinchiguano Elena , Vera Edwin
Published: October 2024

Edible flowers have been used since ancient times, but their potential for improving human health has not been explored. This study aimed to evaluate the profile of bioactive compounds (organic acids, phenolics, and carotenoids) and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of nine flower varieties with high concentrations of carotenoids or total phenolic compounds. Ninety-three edible flowers were analysed for physicochemical characteristics, total phenolic and carotenoid concentrations, and antioxidant activity (ABTS). Bioactive profiles were determined by rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC), and antimicrobial activity was determined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Chrysanthemum x hybrid orange, Helianthus annuus yellow, Tagetes patula orange, Canna indica red, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (orange1 and yellow) showed significant concentrations of total carotenoids. In contrast, Pelargonium hortorum orange2, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis red1, and Rosa x hybrid variety medium yellow showed high levels of total phenolics. The predominant compounds in these species were citric acid (991.4 mg/g DW in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis red1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (936.2 mg/100 g DW in P. hortorum orange2), kaempferol (971. 9 mg/100 g DW in T. patula orange), quercetin glucoside (958.8 in C. x hybrid), quercetin (919.3 mg/100 g DW in T. patula), α-carotene, and β-carotene in T. patula orange (989.5 and 601.2 mg/100 g DW, respectively). Regarding antimicrobial activity, T. patula orange and P. hortorum orange2 inhibited bacterial growth, while C. x hybrid orange and P. hortorum orange2 inhibited Candida albicans, and the latter inhibited Candida tropicalis. These results indicate the potential of edible flowers as a natural source of bioactive compounds and as a tool in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Noninvasive Deep Learning Analysis for Smith–Magenis Syndrome Classification
Authors: Núñez-Vidal Esther , Fernández-Ruiz Raúl , Álvarez-Marquina Agustín , Hidalgo-delaGuía Irene , Garayzábal-Heinze Elena , Hristov-Kalamov Nikola , Domínguez-Mateos Francisco , Conde Cristina , Martínez-Olalla Rafael
Published: October 2024

Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a rare, underdiagnosed condition due to limited public awareness of genetic testing and a lengthy diagnostic process. Voice analysis can be a noninvasive tool for monitoring and detecting SMS. In this paper, the cepstral peak prominence and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients are used as disease monitoring and detection metrics. In addition, an efficient neural network, incorporating synthetic data processes, was used to detect SMS in a cohort of individuals with the disease. Three study cases were conducted with a set of 19 SMS patients and 292 controls. The three study cases employed various oversampling and undersampling techniques, including SMOTE, random oversampling, NearMiss, random undersampling, and 16 additional methods, resulting in balanced accuracies ranging from 69% to 92%. This is the first study using a neural network model to focus on a rare genetic syndrome using phonation analysis data. By using synthetic data (oversampling and undersampling) and a CNN, it was possible to detect SMS with high levels of accuracy. Voice analysis and deep learning techniques have proven to be a useful and noninvasive method. This is a finding that may help in the complex identification of this syndrome as well as other rare diseases.