bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of porous magnesia‐stabilized zirconia ceramics fabricated by slurry infiltration into polyurethane foam
Authors: Rose Poly , Pallagani Jeevan Kumar , Vummethala Seshu Bai , T Rajasekharan
Published: June 2024

This paper brings out an innovation in fabricating porous magnesia‐stabilized zirconia components by infiltrating free‐flowing suspension into polyurethane foam. The process enables the production of samples with different levels of porosity and pore structure by easily controlling the amount of slurry infiltrated into the foam. The process uses Isobam, a nontoxic binder, which makes the fabrication simple and environment‐friendly. Samples with five different levels of total porosity ranging from 41.7% to 62.4% were fabricated. Microstructural studies revealed multimodal pore structure comprising both open and closed porosities. Measurements on thermal properties and compressive strength of the samples showed that the sample with the lowest porosity exhibited a thermal conductivity of 0.495 W/mK and a compressive strength of 45.7 MPa. The measured values of thermal conductivity of the samples with different porosity levels could be described by modified effective medium theory. Present work opens up enormous possibilities for economical industrial production of porous magnesia‐stabilized zirconia components for biomedical and thermal insulation applications.
Analysis of the characteristics of reflectance confocal microscopy images of xanthogranuloma and xanthoma
Authors: Sun Hongyong , Wang Aoxue
Published: June 2024

Background

Both xanthogranuloma and xanthoma clinically manifest as yellowish skin lesions. Historically, the gold standard for diagnosis was skin histopathological examination. Currently, the advent of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) offers additional diagnostic support for these diseases by revealing their microscopic features, thereby enhancing the theoretical foundation for diagnosis.

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the distinctive characteristics of RCM images in xanthogranuloma and xanthoma, assess their diagnostic value, and investigate the relationship between RCM and histopathological features, ultimately boosting diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

RCM and histopathological examinations were conducted on 13 patients with xanthogranuloma and 12 with xanthoma, recruited from our Dermatology Clinic between August 2022 and November 2023. The study involved analyzing RCM image features and correlating them with histopathological findings.

Results

The RCM images of 13 xanthogranuloma and 12 xanthoma cases showed similar features. Xanthogranuloma predominantly exhibited epidermal atrophy and thinning in 6 cases (46.15%). Additionally, in 69.23% of cases, scattered small mononuclear inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the superficial and middle dermis layers. Medium to high refractive cells, predominantly vacuolated and resembling foam, were observed in 61.54% of cases. All cases demonstrated high refractive cells with distinct target‐shaped, disc‐shaped, horseshoe‐like, and flower‐ring structures. Concordance rates with histopathological examinations were 69.23, 92.31, 92.31, and 100%, respectively. Regarding xanthoma, epidermal atrophy and thinning occurred in two cases (16.67%), and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in 25% of cases. High refractive cells with the previously mentioned shapes were present in 100% of cases, though only 16.67% displayed these characteristics exclusively. The concordance rates were 66.67, 91.67, 100, and 91.67%, respectively.

Conclusion

RCM imaging of xanthogranuloma and xanthoma presents distinctive, highly consistent features with their histopathology, offering valuable insights for clinicians in diagnosing and differentiating these conditions.
Mediated relationships between coping style and social support on the quality of life of disabled older adults
Authors: Wu Yuanrong , Chen Jiaru , Yin Guo , Shen Manxuan , Li Qin
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the relationship between coping styles, social support and quality of life among disabled older adults and to examine the mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between social support and quality of life.

Methods

Using a purposive sampling method, three investigators conducted a face‐to‐face questionnaire survey of eligible participants in the geriatric department of a tertiary care hospital in one of the largest cities in southern China between August 2021 and March 2022. A total of 187 questionnaires were collected, of which 176 were valid, with an effective response rate of 94.1%.

Results

Social support and positive coping were positively related to disabled older adults' quality of life, while negative coping was negatively related to both social support and disabled older adults' quality of life. According to the mediating effect analysis after covariate adjustment, positive coping completely mediated the relationship between social support and older adults' quality of life (p < 0.01), with the mediating effect size accounting for 76.9% of the total effect. Negative coping had some mediating effect on the relationship between social support and older adults' quality of life (p < 0.01), with the mediating effect size accounting for 13.0% of the total effect.

Conclusion

The quality of life of disabled older adults is low, which is closely related to their social support and coping styles. Therefore, it is important to recognize and emphasize the key role that social support systems play in improving the quality of life of this population, broaden their access to social support and guide them to adopt positive coping styles.
In situ observation of the multistep process of cold sintering
Authors: Maier Russell A.
Published: June 2024

A compact cold sintering stage was constructed to densify ceramic samples in capillary tubes for the purpose of conducting in situ experiments designed to elucidate fundamental cold sintering mechanisms. The stage was used to successfully densify samples composed of ZnO/CH₃COOH mixtures under a range of pressures (25–175 MPa) over a modest temperature range (room to 150°C) in capillary tubes (0.75 mm inner diameter). The progression of the cold sintering process of ZnO was monitored by both piston displacement and a camera. These measurements allowed the strain rate and fluid extraction during densification to be recorded. The results of these measurements are compared to existing models of cold sintering and pressure solution creep, and direct correlations are observed between abrupt changes to the densification rate during constant heating rate experiments and the observation of solvent extraction from the powder compact.
Porous (Y0.25Ho0.25Yb0.25Lu0.25)2Si2O7: A novel high‐entropy ceramic with high porosity and excellent thermal stability
Authors: Zhou Jiaxin , Zeng Dawei , Wu Zhen , Sun Luchao , Wang Jingyang
Published: June 2024

With the rapid development of hypersonic vehicles, the thermal protection systems face great challenges due to the severe aerodynamic heat. As a result, conventional fiber insulation tiles would experience severe shrinkage at high temperatures (>1500°C), endangering the safety of the aircraft. To solve the problem, a high‐entropy effect was introduced to increase the high‐temperature resistance of thermal insulation materials, and highly porous (Y0.25Ho0.25Yb0.25Lu0.25)2Si2O7 was prepared by in situ reaction sintering process in this work. The fabricated porous samples present excellent overall properties, including superhigh porosity (95.09%–93.10%), lightweight (0.29–0.41 g/cm3), and very low thermal conductivity (0.066–0.085 W/(m·K)). More importantly, porous (Y0.25Ho0.25Yb0.25Lu0.25)2Si2O7 has outstanding high‐temperature dimensional stability. Although the porosity of the sample is higher than 90%, its linear shrinkage at 1550°C for 2 h is less than 1%. The results demonstrate that porous high‐entropy (Y0.25Ho0.25Yb0.25Lu0.25)2Si2O7 is a promising thermal insulation material in extreme high‐temperature environments.
A Necessary Shift in Design Education: From Outputs to Outcomes
Authors: Rowe Aidan
Published: June 2024

Traditionally, design – and by extension design education – has focused on the creation of distinct outputs (forms, artefacts, and objects) that satisfy a specific purpose and need. Historically these needs – and often the designed outputs themselves – have been dictated not by the designer but by clients and also through established disciplinary practices. Design was broadly framed as a commercial industry, where a client needed something (a poster, a chair) and the designer provided the requested output. Design education practices grew out of a master‐apprentice approach, where students often learned by recreating idealized outputs repetitively. This didactic and skills‐acquisition approach was sufficient when design focused on distinct fields (e.g., graphic, industrial, or fashion design), specific outputs, and traditionally understood challenges. As the field of design has expanded – in the scope of practice, the complexity of challenges tackled, and the range of collaborators – there is a need to re‐examine our pedagogy. Traditional design education approaches are insufficient for the role that design needs to play in the 21st century. In this paper, I argue that a critical consideration of this re‐examination is the reframing of a central tenet of design education, which is the production of outputs. Instead, what is needed is a re‐focus considering the outcomes of design practice – the processes involved, and the effects of our design actions and artefacts. I identify seven principal and interconnected factors that drive the need for this shift in focus.
Secondary sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic shifts in habitat use by the lesser guitarfish Zapteryx brevirostris
Authors: Karlovic Thamíris C. , Chioatto Francesco S. M. , Babcock Elizabeth A. , Dias June F.
Published: June 2024

Sexual dimorphisms are generated by divergent processes, such as natural or sexual selection and niche convergence. Males and females of the lesser guitarfish, Zapteryx brevirostris, present morphological differences in their discs, and the relationships with the species biology and ecology were unrecognized. Analysing the morphometry of 201 specimens and the influence of bottom features on the frequencies of 188 specimens among life stages and sexes, we found strong evidence that gonadal maturation leads to dimorphisms on discs, validating a concavity on male pectoral fins as a secondary sexual dimorphism and rejecting the hypothesis that such dimorphisms were related to ecological pressures. The principal component analysis (PCA) and permutational MANOVA (PERMANOVA) analyses revealed that males and females shared similar body aspects until they reached maturity, mainly due to lower variations in WD, WR, LD, DPRO, and LSC at younger life stages. The relationships of these variables with LT corroborate the former results, showing a changing point around LT > 30 cm where females started to attain larger measurements than males. Moreover, we revealed ontogenetic shifts, with adults from both sexes exploring different habitats than juveniles and subadults. Differences in frequencies of each life stage were best explained by organic matter (OM) with the adults exploring bottom habitats of higher concentrations of OM than juveniles and subadults, strengthening the assumption that body differences between sexes are not related to ecological pressures. These results bring not only new insights about the possible advantages that those morphometric differences provide to males while mating but also information about the abiotic influences on species distribution, which, along with knowledge of local oceanographic dynamics and benthic community patterns, would inform actions for species conservation.
Trophic niche partitioning and intraspecific variation in food resource use in the genus Pangasianodon in a reservoir revealed by stable isotope analysis of multiple tissues
Authors: Medo Ayano , Ohte Nobuhito , Doi Hideyuki , Kamdee Kiattipong , Koba Keisuke , Arai Nobuaki , Mitsunaga Yasushi , Kume Manabu , Kojima Daichi , Nose Takashi , Yokoyama Ayako , Viputhanumas Thavee , Mitamura Hiromichi
Published: June 2024

Understanding the mechanism by which non‐native fish species integrate into native communities is crucial for evaluating the possibility of their establishment success. The genus Pangasianodon, comprising Pangasianodon gigas and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, has been introduced into reservoirs, which are non‐native habitats, for fishery stock enhancement. P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus often successfully establish and co‐occur in several Thai reservoirs, but there is little information on differences in food resource use between the two species. To investigate the trophic niche width of P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus in a Thai reservoir, we conducted stable carbon and nitrogen ratio (δ13C and δ15N) analyses. We examined the degree of individual specialization in both species using the δ13C and δ15N values of muscle and liver tissues, which provides long‐ and short‐term diet information. The isotopic niches did not overlap between P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus. The δ15N value of P. gigas was significantly higher than that of P. hypophthalmus, whereas the δ13C value did not significantly differ between the two species. The isotopic niche sizes were larger in P. hypophthalmus than in P. gigas. Individual specialization was observed in P. hypophthalmus but not in P. gigas, indicating that intraspecific variation in food resource use was larger in P. hypophthalmus compared to P. gigas. These findings suggest that trophic niche partitioning was one of the factors facilitating the establishment success of P. gigas and P. hypophthalmus in a reservoir, but the establishment process may differ between the two species.
Obituary—Abel Lajtha (1922–2024)
Authors: Sershen Henry
Published: June 2024

With sadness, the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) and the Journal of Neurochemistry (JNC) mourn the loss of one of the founding members of the neurochemistry field of science. Abel Lajtha, born in Budapest, Hungary on September 22, 1922, died on May 25, 2024. Abel had a long and distinguished record of service with ISN, having been a founding member of the Society, and served on the editorial board of the Society's journal, JNC.

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The current state and future perspectives of radiotherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Yamada Takehiro , Kawamura Mariko , Oie Yumi , Kozai Yuka , Okumura Masayuki , Nagai Naoya , Yanagi Yusuke , Nimura Kenta , Ishihara Shunichi , Naganawa Shinji
Published: June 2024

Radiotherapy is an effective treatment method for cervical cancer and is typically administered as external beam radiotherapy followed by intracavitary brachytherapy. In Japan, center shielding is used in external beam radiotherapy to shorten treatment time and reduce the doses delivered to the rectum or bladder. However, it has several challenges, such as uncertainties in calculating the cumulative dose. Recently, external beam radiotherapy has been increasingly performed with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy, which reduces doses to the rectum or bladder without center shielding. In highly conformal radiotherapy, uncertainties in treatment delivery, such as inter‐fractional anatomical structure movements, affect treatment outcomes; therefore, image‐guided radiotherapy is essential for appropriate and safe performance. Regarding intracavitary brachytherapy, the use of magnetic resonance imaging‐based image‐guided adaptive brachytherapy is becoming increasingly widespread because it allows dose escalation to the tumor and accurately evaluates the dose delivered to the surrounding normal organs. According to current evidence, a minimal dose of D90% of the high‐risk clinical target volume is significantly relevant to local control. Further improvements in target coverage have been achieved with combined interstitial and intracavity brachytherapy for massive tumors with extensive parametrical involvement. Introducing artificial intelligence will enable faster and more accurate generation of brachytherapy plans. Charged‐particle therapies have biological and dosimetric advantages, and current evidence has proven their effectiveness and safety in cervical cancer treatment. Recently, radiotherapy‐related technologies have advanced dramatically. This review provides an overview of technological innovations and future perspectives in radiotherapy for cervical cancer.
Efficacy and safety of once daily oral administration of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor velagliflozin compared with twice daily insulin injection in diabetic cats
Authors: Niessen Stijn J. M. , Kooistra Hans S. , Forcada Yaiza , Bjørnvad Charlotte R. , Albrecht Balazs , Roessner Franziska , Herberich Esther , Kroh Carla
Published: June 2024

Background

Options for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats are limited to insulin injections and monitoring for hypoglycemia.

Hypothesis

Once daily sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor velagliflozin PO is noninferior to insulin injections.

Animals

Client‐owned diabetic cats (127 safety; 116 efficacy assessment).

Methods

Prospective, randomized (1 mg/kg velagliflozin), positive controlled (titrated Caninsulin), open label, noninferiority field trial, comparing number of cats with treatment success in ≥1 clinical variable and ≥1 glycemic variable (margin Δ: 15%) on Day 45; secondary endpoints included glycemic and clinical assessments during 91 days.

Results

On Day 45, 29/54 (54%) velagliflozin‐treated cats and 26/62 (42%) Caninsulin‐treated cats showed treatment success, demonstrating noninferiority (difference −11.8%; upper 1‐sided 97.5% confidence interval, −∞ to 6.3%). By Day 91, quality of life (QoL), polyuria, and polydipsia had improved in 81%, 54% and 61% (velagliflozin); on blood glucose (BG) curves, mean BG was <252 mg/dL in 42/54 (78%; velagliflozin) and 37/62 (60%; Caninsulin); minimum BG was <162 mg/dL in 41/54 (76%; velagliflozin) and 41/62 (66%; Caninsulin); serum fructosamine was <450 μmol/L in 41/54 (76%; velagliflozin) and 38/62 (61%; Caninsulin). Velagliflozin's most frequent adverse events were loose feces/diarrhea (n = 23/61, 38%), positive urine culture (n = 19/61, 31%), and nonclinical hypoglycemia (BG <63 mg/dL; n = 8/61, 13%); Caninsulin's: clinical and nonclinical hypoglycemia (n = 35/66, 53%), positive urine culture (n = 18/66, 27%), and loose feces/diarrhea (n = 10/66, 15%). Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in 4/61 (7%; velagliflozin) and 0/66 (Caninsulin).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Once daily oral administration of velagliflozin was noninferior to insulin injections, showed good QoL and glycemia without clinical hypoglycemia.
Collaborative optimization of intersection signals and speed guidance for buses run on overlapping route segments under connected environment
Authors: Yang Chengcheng , Jin Sheng , Yao Wenbin , Rong Donglei , Bai Congcong , Alagbé Jérémie Adjé
Published: June 2024

In order to reduce bus bunching in overlapping route segments and improve the efficiency of bus operation, a dynamic scheduling model is proposed to adjust bus operation states by adopting a cooperative strategy involving multi‐line bus timetable optimization, arterial signal control, and speed guidance. Based on mixed integer linear programming, an arterial signal coordination model with autonomous public transport vehicles (APTVs) dedicated lanes is developed, which enables APTVs to pass through intersections without stopping under conditions that almost have no effect on regular vehicles (RVs). Based on this, a speed guidance strategy of APTVs under connected environment is proposed. After guiding APTVs into the overlapping route segments at a reasonable interval, the optimization goal of maintaining the independent running headway of each bus line to the maximum extent is realized. The simulation verification based on three actual overlapping lines in Hangzhou shows that only the combination of signal coordination considering the characteristics of APTVs and speed guidance can realize the full benefits of bus operation based on dedicated APTVs lane.
Is motor‐driven insertion of orthodontic miniscrews more advantageous than manual insertion? A micro‐CT evaluation of bone miniscrew contact surface area and cortical microcracks in rabbits
Authors: Alansari Reem A. , Zawawi Khaled H. , Vaiid Nikhillesh , Natto Zuhair , Adel Samar M. , Alshihri Maha R. , Alsadat Mohammed , Dause Rania , Agou Shoroog , Hassan Ali H.
Published: June 2024

Aim

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the bone–miniscrew contact surface area (BMC) and the cortical bone microcracks (CM) resulting from manual (hand‐driven) and automated (motor‐driven) orthodontic miniscrew (OM) insertion methods.

Methods

Thirty‐three OM were inserted in the femurs of nine New Zealand rabbits using manual (n = 16) and automated (n = 17) insertions. After euthanizing the rabbits, bone blocks, each including one OM, were sawed. Micro‐CT scanning was performed, and data analysis included reconstruction, binarization and quantification of morphometric parameters of BMC and the number and length of CM. Means and standard deviations for complete BMC, complete BMC proportion, cortical BMC, cortical BMC proportion, and length and number of CM were calculated. Mixed model analysis was used to adjust for more than one sample/CM per animal. A paired t‐test was used to compare the number of CM between the two groups.

Results

Compared to the automated insertion, manually inserted miniscrews had significantly lower complete BMC (7.54 ± 1.80 mm2 vs. 11.99 ± 3.64 mm2), cortical BMC (5.91 ± 1.48 mm2 vs. 8.48 ± 1.90 mm2) and cortical BMC proportion (79.44 ± 5.84% vs. 87.94 ± 3.66%). However, it was not statistically significant in complete BMC proportion (p = .052). The automated insertion also resulted in a significantly lower mean number of CM than the manual method (p = .012). However, the length of the cracks was shorter in the manual group but with no significant difference (p = 0.256).

Conclusion

Motor‐driven OM insertion results in superior BMC and reduction in the number of CM, which may lead to better miniscrew stability.
Strategies to address inequity of uncorrected refractive error in the Western Pacific: A modified Delphi process
Authors: McCormick Ian , Tong Kelvin , Abdullah Nurliyana , Abesamis‐Dischoso Carmen , Gende Theresa , Hashim Effendy Bin , Ho S. May , Jalbert Isabelle , Jeronimo Belmerio , Matoto‐Raikabakaba Elenoa , Ono Koichi , Piyasena Prabhath Nishantha , Rogers Jaymie T. , Szetu John , Tran Minh Anh , Tse Dennis Yan‐yin , Win Ye , Yap Tiong Peng , Yoon Sangchul , Yusufu Mayinuer , Burton Matthew J. , Ramke Jacqueline ,   the Promoting Equity in Refractive Error Services in the Western Pacific Study Group
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of vision impairment globally; however, little attention has been given to equity and access to services. This study aimed to identify and prioritise: (1) strategies to address inequity of access to refractive error services and (2) population groups to target with these strategies in five sub‐regions within the Western Pacific.

Methods

We invited eye care professionals to complete a two‐round online prioritisation process. In round 1, panellists nominated population groups least able to access refractive error services, and strategies to improve access. Responses were summarised and presented in round 2, where panellists ranked the groups (by extent of difficulty and size) and strategies (in terms of reach, acceptability, sustainability, feasibility and equity). Groups and strategies were scored according to their rank within each sub‐region.

Results

Seventy five people from 17 countries completed both rounds (55% women). Regional differences were evident. Indigenous peoples were a priority group for improving access in Australasia and Southeast Asia, while East Asia identified refugees and Oceania identified rural/remote people. Across the five sub‐regions, reducing out‐of‐pocket costs was a commonly prioritised strategy for refraction and spectacles. Australasia prioritised improving cultural safety, East Asia prioritised strengthening school eye health programmes and Oceania and Southeast Asia prioritised outreach to rural areas.

Conclusion

These results provide policy‐makers, researchers and funders with a starting point for context‐specific actions to improve access to refractive error services, particularly among underserved population groups who may be left behind in existing private sector‐dominated models of care.
Advancing diagnostic precision: Unveiling sensitization relationships between cat, dog, and horse allergen molecules
Authors: Sekerel Bulent Enis , Aliyeva Gulnar
Published: June 2024

Background

Recent advancements in molecular diagnostics have unveiled a multitude of allergen molecules (AMs) associated with animal sensitizations, revealing significant cross‐ and co‐sensitization patterns among these seemingly distinct allergens.

Method

We investigated the sensitization profiles of 120 children, sensitized to at least one of the 14 AMs from cat, dog, or horse using the Alex test, employing correlations and hierarchical clusters to explore relationship between sensitizations.

Results

Sensitizations to Fel d 1, Can f 4/5, and Equ c 4 differ from other cat, dog, and horse AM sensitizations, suggesting they may represent genuine sensitizations for their respective animals. High correlations were observed among various AMs, including lipocalins (Can f 1/2/6, Fel d 4/7, and Equ c 1), serum albumins (Fel d 2, Can f 3, and Equ c 3), and uteroglobins (Fel d 1 and Can f_Fd1). Hierarchical clustering of sensitizations identified two similarity clusters and one dissimilarity cluster, providing an estimation of the likelihood of cross‐reactivity. Additionally, our method facilitated speculation regarding cross‐, co‐, or genuine sensitization. Moreover, we noted a potential increase in the number and level of sensitized animal AMs concurrent with increased sensitization to other aeroallergens with advancing age. No significant difference was detected for the presence or absence of various types of allergic comorbidities.

Conclusion

Correlations and hierarchical clustering can unveil the extent and magnitude of cross‐, co‐, and genuine sensitization relationships among animal AMs. These insights can be leveraged to enhance artificial intelligence algorithms, improving diagnostic accuracy through the integration of other measures of sensitization.
Can mothers' time preferences predict their children's educational outcomes?
Authors: Jeppsson Louise , Norrgren Lisa
Published: June 2024

This paper studies parents' time preferences and adolescents' future educational outcomes. We combine time preference data on adolescents and mothers, measured in 1966 and 1968, with register data on education and labor outcomes up to 2015. Results show that children of patient mothers have higher grades, are more likely to be enrolled in academic elementary school tracks, and are more likely to attain post‐secondary education. However, the mother's time preferences are not significantly associated with the adolescent's choice of upper secondary school program or completion. The unique Swedish data also allow us to shed some light on potential mechanisms.
A novel deep learning framework for accurate melanoma diagnosis integrating imaging and genomic data for improved patient outcomes
Authors: Kiran Ajmeera , Narayanasamy Navaprakash , Ramesh Janjhyam Venkata Naga , Ahmad Mohd Wazih
Published: June 2024

Background

Melanoma is one of the most malignant forms of skin cancer, with a high mortality rate in the advanced stages. Therefore, early and accurate detection of melanoma plays an important role in improving patients' prognosis. Biopsy is the traditional method for melanoma diagnosis, but this method lacks reliability. Therefore, it is important to apply new methods to diagnose melanoma effectively.

Aim

This study presents a new approach to classify melanoma using deep neural networks (DNNs) with combined multiple modal imaging and genomic data, which could potentially provide more reliable diagnosis than current medical methods for melanoma.

Method

We built a dataset of dermoscopic images, histopathological slides and genomic profiles. We developed a custom framework composed of two widely established types of neural networks for analysing image data Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and networks that can learn graph structure for analysing genomic data‐Graph Neural Networks. We trained and evaluated the proposed framework on this dataset.

Results

The developed multi‐modal DNN achieved higher accuracy than traditional medical approaches. The mean accuracy of the proposed model was 92.5% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96, suggesting that the multi‐modal DNN approach can detect critical morphologic and molecular features of melanoma beyond the limitations of traditional AI and traditional machine learning approaches. The combination of cutting‐edge AI may allow access to a broader range of diagnostic data, which can allow dermatologists to make more accurate decisions and refine treatment strategies. However, the application of the framework will have to be validated at a larger scale and more clinical trials need to be conducted to establish whether this novel diagnostic approach will be more effective and feasible.
Ocular diagnostics, ophthalmic findings, and conjunctival microbiome in the Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis)
Authors: Bowden Anna Catherine , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Gall Andrew J. , Costa Matheus de O. , Leis Marina , Sebbag Lionel
Published: June 2024

Objective

To establish normative data for selected ocular diagnostic tests and commensal conjunctival microflora and describe the incidence of ocular pathology in Chilean flamingos.

Animals Studied

A total of 41 Chilean flamingos were examined at the Blank Park Zoo in Des Moines, Iowa.

Procedures

In 20 flamingos, blink rate was assessed undisturbed in their exhibit, then gentle manual restraint was used to assess palpebral fissure length (PFL), aqueous tear production (phenol red thread test [PRTT] in one eye, endodontic absorbent paper point tear test [EAPPTT] in the other), intraocular pressure (IOP; rebound tonometry), and fluorescein staining. Twenty‐one other flamingos were brought to a darkened area for neuro‐ophthalmic examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Swabs from seven flamingos were used for ocular microbiome evaluation.

Results

Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Flamingos comprised 23 females/18 males, aged 11 ± 9.1 (0.7–40) years. Test results: blink rate, 3.7 ± 2 (1–9) blinks/min; PFL, 11.2 ± 1.2 (9–14) mm; IOP, 14 ± 3.2 (10–22) mmHg; EAPPT, 10.2 ± 2.8 (9–14) mm/min; PRTT, 6.8 ± 2.5 (3–13) mm/15 s. Dazzle reflex was positive in four birds examined. Pathologies included cataracts (n = 7 birds), corneal fibrosis (n = 3), endothelial pigment (n = 2), uveal cysts (n = 1), lens luxation (n = 1), and uveitis (n = 1). Ocular microbiome showed high diversity of taxa.

Conclusions

Baseline ocular parameters and incidence of ophthalmic pathology assist veterinarians with disease screening for Chilean flamingos, while the ocular microbiome showed high diversity.
Interpolation of fat points on K3 and abelian surfaces
Authors: Zahariuc Adrian
Published: June 2024

We prove that any number of general fat points of any multiplicities impose the expected number of conditions on a linear system on a smooth projective surface, in several cases including primitive linear systems on very general K3 and abelian surfaces, “Du Val” linear systems on blowups of at nine very general points, and certain linear systems on some ruled surfaces over elliptic curves. This is done by answering a question of the author about the case of only one fat point on a certain ruled surface, which follows from a circle of results due to Treibich–Verdier, Segal–Wilson, and others.
Corrigendum: Transcendental Brauer groups of products of CM elliptic curves
Authors: Newton Rachel
Published: June 2024

This is a corrigendum to the paper Transcendental Brauer groups of products of CM elliptic curves, published in (J. Lond. Math. Soc. 93 (2016), 397–419). In this note, we point out a mistake affecting the statements of Theorems 1.3, 5.2, 5.3 and Proposition 5.1 in op. cit., and provide a correction.
Pedagogical and teaching strategies used to teach writing to pre-licensure students enrolled in health professional programs: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McCloskey Rose , Morris Patricia , Keeping-Burke Lisa , Goudreau Alex , McGill Ali , Knight Holly , Buckley Sarah , Mazerolle David , Jones Courtney
Published: June 2024

Objective:

The objective of this review is to map the existing literature on pedagogical approaches and teaching strategies used to teach academic and professional writing to pre-licensure students who are enrolled in health professional programs.

Introduction:

Health professional programs are intended to develop competence in both academic and professional writing. Effective academic writing skills prompt critical reflection and engagement with research communities, while professional writing skills are used to document interventions and communicate across health systems. Despite the importance of these 2 forms of writing, there are ongoing concerns that practitioners are entering practice without adequate writing skills. Given these concerns and the importance of writing across health disciplines, there is value in identifying the pedagogical strategies and approaches used in health professional programs to develop writing skills and to transfer such skills from one communicative context to another.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider research on the pedagogical approaches and teaching strategies used to teach academic and professional writing in pre-licensure health professional programs.

Methods:

This review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The search strategy will aim to locate published literature using MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL with Full-Text (EBSCOhost), ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health (ProQuest), and ERIC (EBSCOhost), along with gray literature (using databases/search engines). Papers published from 2010 onward in English and in French will be included. Extracted data will be reported in tabular format and presented narratively to address each review objective.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework http://osf.io/9raxp
Bidirectional Relationship Over Time Between Body Mass Index and Fundamental Movement Skill Domains Measured by a Process-Oriented Method in Childhood: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kasanen Maria , Laukkanen Arto , Niemistö Donna , Tolvanen Asko , Ortega Francisco , Sääkslahti Arja
Published: June 2024

The worldwide increase in childhood overweight and obesity underscores the need to study variables like fundamental movement skill (FMS) levels from early childhood. This study investigated the bidirectional longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and process-oriented FMSs, including locomotor skills and object control skills in 675 Finnish children, aged 3–8 years at baseline (50.5% female, mean age 5.5 years) over 3 years. Standardized BMI-for-age SD scores (BMI SDS z-scores) followed Finnish national standards. The FMS assessment comprised four subtests from the Test of Gross Motor Development, third edition. Age-adjusted standardized residuals of FMS or skill domains and BMI SDS z-scores were used in a two-level, cross-classified, cross-lagged regression analysis, accounting for gender, and baseline value of the dependent variables. The results showed no statistically significant longitudinal relationship between BMI and FMS or its skill domains for either gender in either direction. This suggests that BMI and process-oriented FMS, encompassing locomotor skill and object control skill, develop independently, possibly influenced by unexplored variables. These findings contradict earlier results based on product-oriented measurements, which may include a physical capacity component. The outcomes further underscore the importance of monitoring weight status from early childhood, given its significant association with later-life weight conditions.
Potential Barriers and Pathways to Professional Development in Sport Management: Should Internships Be the Gold Standard?
Authors: Braunstein-Minkove Jessica R. , Russolillo Nicolo , Logan-Bennett Lorie
Published: June 2024

Due to increased industry demands for specialized experience, students and sport industry professionals alike often feel stifled during the job search process. As a result, practices have been absorbed into the curriculum to provide this link to future employability, with a distinct focus on internships. Therefore, if we seek to create a diverse workforce that more closely represents the individuals that we both see and serve, we must assess the primary practice used for professional development in sport management. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to explore both barriers and pathways that sport management students face when participating in for-credit internships. To do so, a mixed-methods, two-phased, approach was adopted. Results indicate primary barriers in the areas of lack of time and the competitive nature of the sport management internships.
Proactive Autonomous Assignments as Pedagogical Responses to the Rise of Artificial Intelligence Solutions in Sport Management Teaching Practice
Authors: Kauppinen Antti
Published: June 2024

Introducing ChatGPT offered higher education students a chance to use artificial intelligence to automatically generate assignment texts, and some might cheat in behaviorist tasks by using generative artificial intelligence. However, the introduction of ChatGPT could also lead instructors to expect more (rather than less) academic integrity in terms of their students’ assignment preparation. That is especially crucial in sport management education, where many instructors apply experiential learning. This essay suggests theory-driven content for proactive autonomous project assignments, addressing some students applying ChatGPT when generating experiential assignment content. The target of such projects is to ensure the greatest possible academic integrity and that students perceive a satisfactory return on their resources invested in education.
Chiari malformation type III with satisfactory developmental progress postrepair
Authors: Maullon Vince Elic Santos , Sanchez-Gan Benilda
Published: June 2024

The authors were presented with a term female neonate with a large occipital mass, who was already being treated for neonatal pneumonia at another hospital. On assessment, apart from the mass, the patient presented with an unremarkable systemic and neurological physical examination. She underwent repair of the occipital mass, which was complicated by nosocomial ventriculitis. However, the patient was discharged well after completing antibiotic treatment. On regular outpatient follow-ups, the patient presented with a good cry, suck, and activity. There have been no reports of seizures, decrease in sensorium, aspiration episodes, stridor or any other complaints, apart from poor head and sitting control. The workup also showed profound bilateral hearing loss. Despite these complications, the patient currently exhibits good visual and social development. This is attributed to timely intervention as well as the minimal amount of herniated cerebellar tissue that the patient presented with, highlighting the individualised management and outcomes for cases of Chiari malformation type III.
Prevalence of substance and hazardous alcohol use and their association with risky sexual behaviour among youth: findings from a population-based survey in Zimbabwe
Authors: Hlahla Kudzai , Azizi Steven Chifundo , Simms Victoria , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Dauya Ethel , Bandason Tsitsi , Tembo Mandikudza , Mavodza Constancia , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Hazardous drinking (HD) and substance use (SU) can lead to disinhibited behaviour and are both growing public health problems among Southern African youths. We investigated the prevalence of SU and HD and their association with risky sexual behaviour among youth in Zimbabwe.

Design

Data analysis from a population-based survey conducted between October 2021 and June 2022 to ascertain the outcomes of a cluster randomised trial (CHIEDZA: Trial registration number:NCT03719521). Trial Stage: Post-results.

Setting

24 communities in three provinces in Zimbabwe.

Participants

Youth aged 18–24 years living in randomly selected households.

Outcome measures

HD was defined as an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score ≥8, SU was defined as ever use of ≥1 commonly used substances in the local setting.

Results

Of 17 585 participants eligible for this analysis, 61% were women and the median age was 20 (IQR: 19–22) years. Overall, 4.5% and 7.0% of participants reported HD and SU, respectively. Men had a substantially higher prevalence than women of HD (8.2% vs 1.9%) and SU (15.1% vs 1.5%). Among men, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, we found increased odds of having >1 sexual partner in those who engaged in SU (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.67, 95% CI: 2.21 to 3.22), HD (aOR=3.40, 95% CI: 2.71 to 4.26) and concurrent HD and SU (aOR=4.57,95% CI: 3.59 to 5.81) compared with those who did not engage in HD or SU. Similarly, there were increased odds of receiving/providing transactional sex among men who engaged in SU (aOR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.68 to 3.74), HD (aOR=3.60, 95% CI: 2.24 to 5.79), and concurrent HD and SU (aOR=7.74, 95% CI: 5.44 to 11.0). SU was associated with 22% increased odds of inconsistent condom use in men (aOR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.47). In women, the odds of having >1 sexual partner and having transactional sex were also increased among those who engaged in SU and HD.

Conclusion

SU and HD are associated with sexual behaviours that increase the risk of HIV acquisition in youth. Sexual and reproductive health interventions must consider HD and SU as potential drivers of risky sexual behaviour in youths.
Prevalence of mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases 11: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nafarieh Kiana , Krüger Sophia , Deutscher Karl , Schreiter Stefanie , Jung Andreas , Fazel Seena , Heinz Andreas , Gutwinski Stefan
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Due to a change in diagnostic prerequisites and the inclusion of novel diagnostic entities, the implementation of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) will presumably change prevalence rates of specific mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders and result in an altered prevalence rate for this grouping overall. This scoping review aims to summarise the characteristics of primary studies examining the prevalence of mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders based on ICD-11 criteria. The knowledge attained through this review will primarily characterise the methodological approaches of this research field and additionally assist in deciding which psychiatric diagnoses are—given the current literature—most relevant for subsequent systematic reviews and meta-analyses intended to approximate the magnitude of prevalence rates while providing a first glimpse of the range of expected (differences in) prevalence rates in these conditions.

Methods and analysis

MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO will be searched from 2011 to present without any language filters. This scoping review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review guidelines.

We will consider (a) cross-sectional and longitudinal studies (b) focusing on the prevalence rates of mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders (c) using ICD-11 criteria for inclusion. The omission of (a) case numbers and sample size, (b) study period and period of data collection or (c) diagnostic procedures on full-text level is considered an exclusion criterion.

This screening will be conducted by two reviewers independently from one another and a third reviewer will be consulted with disagreements. Data extraction and synthesis will focus on outlining methodological aspects.

Ethics and dissemination

We intend to publish our review in a scientific journal. As the primary data are publicly available, we do not require research ethics approval.
Outcomes of adult patients discharged at scene by emergency medical services
Authors: Villani Melanie , Nehme Emily , Cox Shelley , Anderson David , Reinders Nicola , Nehme Ziad
Published: June 2024

Background

The outcomes of patients who call an ambulance but are discharged at scene reflect the safety and quality of emergency medical service (EMS) care. While previous studies have examined the outcomes of patients discharged at scene, none have specifically focused on paramedic-initiated discharge. This study aims to describe the outcomes of adult patients discharged at scene by paramedics and identify factors associated with 72-hour outcomes.

Methods

This was a retrospective data linkage study on consecutive adult EMS patients discharged at scene by paramedics in Victoria, Australia, between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with EMS recontact, ED presentation, hospital admission and serious adverse events (death, cardiac arrest, category 1 triage or intensive care unit admission) within 72 hours of the initial emergency call.

Results

There were 375 758 cases of adults discharged at scene following EMS attendance, of which 222 571 (59.2%) were paramedic-initiated decisions. Of these, 6.8% recontacted EMS, 5.0% presented to ED, 2.4% were admitted to hospital and 0.3% had a serious adverse event in the following 72 hours. The odds of EMS recontact were increased in cases related to mental health (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.41 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.49)), among low-income government concession holders (AOR 1.61 (95% CI 1.55 to 1.67)) and in areas of low socioeconomic advantage (AOR 1.19 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.25)). The odds of hospital admission were increased in cases related to infection (AOR 3.14 (95% CI 2.80 to 3.52)) and pain (AOR 1.93 (95% CI 1.75 to 2.14)). The strongest driver of serious adverse events was an abnormal vital sign (AOR 4.81 (95% CI 3.87 to 5.98)).

Conclusion

The occurrence of hospital admission and adverse events is rare in those discharged at scene, suggesting generally safe decision-making. However, increased attention to elderly, multimorbid patients or patients with infection and pain is recommended, as is further research examining the use of tools to aid paramedic recognition of potential for deterioration.
Major burns in adults: a practice review
Authors: Gwyn-Jones Alice , Afolabi Tijesu , Bonney Samantha , Gurusinghe Dilnath , Tridente Ascanio , Mahambrey Tushar , Nee Patrick
Published: June 2024

There are approximately 180 000 deaths per year from thermal burn injury worldwide. Most burn injuries can be treated in local hospitals but 6.5% require specialist burn care. The initial ED assessment, resuscitation and critical care of the severely burned patient present significant challenges and require a multidisciplinary approach. The management of these patients in the resuscitation room impacts on the effectiveness of continuing care in the intensive care unit. The scope of the present practice review is the immediate management of the adult patient with severe burns, including inhalation injury and burn shock. The article uses an illustrative case to highlight recent developments including advanced airway management and the contemporary approach to assessment of fluid requirements and the type and volume of fluid resuscitation. There is discussion on new options for pain relief in the ED and the principles governing the early stages of burn intensive care. It does not discuss minor injuries, mass casualty events, chemical or radiation injuries, exfoliative or necrotising conditions or frost bite.