bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and its combined obesity indicators and the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Zheng Huoping , Xu Meiling , Yang Jing , Xu Mingjun
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to explore the association between the triglyceride-Glucose Index (TyG) and its combination with obesity indicators in relation to the risk of hypertension among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China.

Methods

A total of 9,248 participants aged 45 and above were selected from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Data on basic demographics, behavioral habits, medical history, physical examination results, and blood indicators were collected. The TyG and its obesity-related indicators, including TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR were analyzed. These indicators were categorized into four groups based on quartiles, and the prevalence of hypertension within each group was assessed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between different TyG indices and obesity-related indicators with the risk of hypertension. Additionally, a restricted cubic spline model was employed to investigate the dose-response relationship between the TyG index, its combined obesity indicators, and the risk of hypertension. The receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to determine the optimal predictive index for diagnosis.

Results

This study included a total of 9,248 middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 45 and above, comprising 4,274 males (46.21%), with an average age of 61.38 ± 9.28 years. The prevalence of hypertension exhibited an increasing trend as the quartiles of TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR rose. After fully adjusting for covariates, comparisons between the first quartile (Q1) and the fourth quartile (Q4) of TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR revealed that all these metrics at Q4 level were associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension. The odds ratios were as follows: TyG: OR = 1.80 (95% CI: 1.48–2.19); TyG-BMI: OR = 5.09 (95% CI: 4.33–5.98); TyG-WC: OR = 3.96 (95% CI: 3.38–4.65); TyG-WHtR: OR = 3.91 (95% CI: 3.33–4.60). A linear correlation was observed between TyG and the risk of hypertension (P for non-linearity = 0.2267), while non-linear correlations were noted between TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR with the risk of hypertension (P for non-linearity < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that TyG-WC demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance for hypertension, with an area under the curve of 0.642 (95% CI: 0.631–0.654).

Conclusion

As the levels of TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR increased, the risk of hypertension among middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 45 and above in my country rises significantly. Among them, TyG-WC can be a predictor of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly people.
Conversational repairs on Reddit: Widely initiated but often uncompleted
Authors: Goddard Alex , Gillespie Alex
Published: January 2025

Conversational repair has been proposed as a universal system for maintaining mutual understanding during social interactions. The repair system has been studied extensively in offline synchronous interactions (e.g., face-to-face, phone calls) and has been observed across cultures and languages. However, the prevalence of conversational repairs is unclear in online asynchronous text-based interactions. Online interactions are increasingly important for public deliberation, and it is therefore important to understand how conversational repairs manifest in different online contexts. To address this gap, we conducted two analyses of Other-initiated repairs in 25 English-language Reddit communities (subreddits), covering a diverse range of topics and communication norms. Analysis 1 examines the frequency of repair initiations across subreddits, finding them to be widespread (in every subreddit) and frequent (58.48% of interactions experience a repair initiation). Analysis 2 examines the emergence of repairs, finding that a repair initiation becomes increasingly likely the longer a comments thread progresses (Median time-to-repair = 6 turns). These results suggest that the prevalence and emergence of repair initiations in online interactions are comparable to offline contexts. However, we also find 44.80% of initiations receive no reply, precluding the possibility of a repair completion. Thus, conservatively, nearly half of the repair initiations in our data went uncompleted. This suggests that the online medium alters the way initiations are completed compared to offline interactions. We discuss the implications of this finding and avenues for future research.
Assessment of the methodological quality of studies on core outcome sets for respiratory diseases: A systematic review and meta-research study
Authors: Liu Mengjuan , Wang Jiajia , Wang Lu , Zhang Xinyi , Hao Ruiyu , Wang Duolao , Chen Tao , Li Jiansheng
Published: January 2025

Background

With increasing attention to core outcome sets (COS), the number of studies on COS for respiratory diseases (COS-RD) is on the rise. However, the methodological quality is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the methodological quality of studies on COS-RD.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for study protocols or original studies on COS-RD about adults, from their inception to February 23, 2024. The COMET database and Chinese databases (including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Chongqing VIP database, and China Biology Medicine) were also searched as a supplement. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the Core Outcome Set-STAndardised Protocol (COS-STAP) statement, the Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Development (COS-STAD) recommendations, and the Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Reporting (COS-STAR) statement.

Results

A total of 27 articles (five study protocols and 22 original studies, 26 studies) were included in this study. For the assessment of study protocols using the COS-STAP statement, the item with the lowest complete reporting rate was "missing data" (Item 9, 40.0%), while "description how outcomes may be dropped/combined, with reasons" (Item 5b, 60.0%) and "dissemination" (Item 11, 60.0%) had relatively low complete reporting rates. For the assessment of original studies using the COS-STAD recommendations, the item with the highest non-reporting rate was "care was taken to avoid ambiguity of language used in the list of outcomes" (Item 11, 45.5%), while "the population(s) covered by COS" (Item 3, 31.8%) and "the intervention(s) covered by COS" (Item 4, 31.8%) had relatively high non-reporting rate. When using the COS-STAR statement to assess the original studies, the item with the lowest complete reporting rate was "protocol deviations" (Item 11, 13.6%), while “describe how outcomes were dropped/combined, with reasons (if applicable)” (Item 6b, 36.4%), "participants" (Item 5, 40.9%), "ethics and consent" (Item 10, 54.5%), "protocol/registry entry" (Item 14, 63.6%), and “outcome scoring” (Item 8, 63.6%) had relatively low complete reporting rates.

Conclusion

The methodological quality of studies on COS-RD needs to be further improved. The appropriate use of aforementioned international reporting standards can advance the methodological quality and reporting transparency of studies on COS-RD.
Una nueva política para la ciudad: cultura política y acción municipal de los republicanos en Guadalajara (1899-1903)
Authors: San Andrés Corral Javier
Published: January 2025

En 1899, los republicanos triunfaron en las elecciones municipales en Guadalajara. La victoria republicana, repetida en 1901, fue el resultado de una intensa movilización, liderada por una generación de dirigentes que pretendía superar las viejas formas del republicanismo histórico. La mayoría republicana desafió la hegemonía que el conde de Romanones y los liberales habían impuesto en el Ayuntamiento, pues introdujo en la agenda local nuevas políticas, orientadas al buen gobierno, el control presupuestario y del fraude, la extensión de la sanidad y la instrucción o la secularización, provocando la intervención del Gobierno para controlar el Consistorio. A partir de los expedientes de elecciones, las actas de sesiones del Ayuntamiento y la prensa, se analiza la cultura política y de gobierno de los republicanos, en una pequeña ciudad, donde, a pesar del arrollador poder caciquil, empezaban a abrirse paso prácticas propias de la moderna política de masas.
Orientalismo y nacionalismo español: algunas consideraciones sobre Francisco Javier Simonet y el arabismo español
Authors: Granell Olszewski Fernando
Published: January 2025

En la configuración de la identidad nacional española el juego entre Oriente y Occidente tiene un papel sustancialmente más relevante que en otras regiones europeas. Durante el siglo xix, con el auge del Romanticismo y la moda oriental, el gremio arabista se esforzó en rescatar y situar el pasado musulmán de la Península en algún lugar cómodo de la ficción fundacional de la nación española. Lejos de ponerse de acuerdo, los arabistas dialogaron con el mito romántico incluyendo y excluyendo el pasado andalusí de sus narrativas nacionales, ligadas estrechamente con un proyecto político determinado. Este es el caso de Francisco Javier Simonet, a través del cual se pueden analizar estos discursos tanto en su vertiente liberal como en su vertiente tradicionalista. Centrándonos en sus textos escritos en torno a la Guerra de África (1859-1860), se pretenden aportar unas cuantas consideraciones entre la vinculación del arabismo y la creación de un discurso de la nación imperial.
Florentino Pérez Embid y los «Amigos de Maeztu»
Authors: Díaz Hernández Onésimo
Published: January 2025

Este artículo pretende mostrar la influencia de la figura y del pensamiento de Ramiro de Maeztu en la obra de Florentino Pérez Embid. En particular quiero estudiar la relación de Pérez Embid y los “Amigos de Maeztu”, asociación formada por partidarios de la monarquía tradicional que se reunían para difundir las ideas del escritor alavés a través de revistas, libros y folletos. Entre estas actividades cabe destacar la revista Reino
Corporate Social Roles and Corporate Income Tax Relation
Authors: Oyasor Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept of voluntary business activities whereby corporations integrate social concerns and other environmental concerns into their economic activities. CSR activities could be used to drive the financial performance of an organization upwards, while some corporations undertake then for other reasons, like reduce tax payment. Taxation is vastly seen as leakage of the motives of the firm since it is paid out of the firm’s profit, this incentivizes tax avoidance and non-compliance. The study recommended that companies should be expected to increase CSR program activities not only for the environment by reforesting the natural damage that has been done to mining activities, but also to the surrounding community so that the surrounding community can take advantage of the company's existence which in the end will improve the standard of living of the surrounding community and gain legitimacy for the company so that the company's operations become smoother and do not get rejection from the community.
Assessment of Syngas Kinetic Models for the Prediction of a Turbulent Nonpremixed Flame
Authors: Marzouk Osama , Huckaby E. David
Published: January 2025

We consider eight kinetic models for syngas (CO-H2) oxidation, which have been proposed or used for different applications, such as laminar counter-flow flames and hypersonic engines. The models range in size from 2 global steps to 38 elementary steps. We assess the models performance in predicting a simple turbulent jet flame (Sandia/ETH-Zurich flame A). The fuel consists of CO, H2, and N2 with 40%, 30%, and 30% by volume, respectively. We simulate the turbulent flame using the finite volume method and compare the Favre-averaged profiles of temperature and mass fractions of the stable species with the experimental data. These comparisons characterize the applicability of the kinetic models to turbulent flames. Turbulence is modeled using the k-epsilon model with McGuirk-Rodi modification for round jets. Turbulence-chemistry interaction is modeled using the partially stirred reactor (PaSR) approach. The kinetic models vary largely in their computational cost. Five of the models overpredicted the maximum flame temperature (by 200K-320K). The 2-step (Slavinskaya et al., 2005) and 9-step (Edelman-Fortune, 1969) models underpredicted the maximum temperature by 240K and 580K, respectively. Predictions using the 3-step model of Cuoci et al. (2009), which is based on the Westbrook-Dryer (1981) model for hydrocarbon fuels, gave less than 10K difference. This model also has the lowest computational cost.
Effect of different osteogenic media and saline solutions on the osteogenesis protocol using MC3T3-E1 subclones
Authors: Coelho Maria Carolina , Mello Luiz Gabriel Plasier Lazari Guedes de , Suguimoto Sayuri Poli , Fernandes Roger Rodrigo , Bombonato-Prado Karina Fittipaldi
Published: January 2025

Adequate laboratory protocols may improve the study of bone tissue and its metabolism. Thus, the use of effective techniques for staining bone cells in vitroand evaluating their function is significant. The cell line used for this purpose was MC3T3-E1, which contains preosteoblasts with mineralization potential. Several osteogenic media are used in the culture of these cells, and a variety of saline solutions are used for washing cultures in mineralization staining protocols and in situ alkaline phosphatase detection. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different osteogenic media in the culture of MC3T3-E1 cells, subclones 4 and 14, in addition to washing with Dulbecco’s phosphate saline solution (DPBS) and Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) in an alizarin red staining assay and situ alkaline phosphatase labeling via the Fast Red method. The cells were seeded at a density of 1x104 cells/well for 7 and 10 days for the Fast Red assay and 12, 14, and 17 days for the staining of mineralization nodules. The data were statistically analyzed and significance was set for p < 0.05. Data obtained showed that the presence of dexamethasone significantly enhanced ALP detection in subclone 14 osteoblastic cells after 7 and 10 days as well as in subclone 4 cells washed with DPBS after 7 and 10 days when compared to control. Washing with Hanks’ solution significantly increased the quantification of ALP at 10 days and of mineralized nodules in 4 subclone cells after 17 days. Moreover, alizarin red staining improved, resulting in a more intense red color, in the group that was washed with Hanks’ solution for both subclones in all experimental periods. Thus, it is suggested that washing with Hanks’ salt solution is better for in vitro staining of calcium nodules when using the alizarin red method.
Physical analysis from scientific data in Pero Vaz de Caminha’s letter
Authors: Feitosa Carlos Chesman de Araújo , Furtado Cláudio Benedito da Silva
Published: January 2025

The scientific data presented in the letter by Pero Vaz de Caminha, the scribe of Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet, were physically analyzed when they landed in Brazil in 1500. Initially, it was clarified that the temperature difference between the Equator and the poles, along with the Coriolis force, determined the maritime routes at the beginning of the Age of Discovery, between the 14th and 17th centuries. Our data analysis used modern technological tools such as dynamic internet maps, GPS, and satellite bathymetry data. From this scientific analysis, several conclusions contradict current historical truths. The main conclusions are that the true Mount Pascoal is today known as Mount Serra Verde, located near the city of João Câmara, that the landing site was at the mouth of the Punaú River, at Zumbir Beach, and that the fleet landed at Marco beach and not Porto Seguro, Bahia state. All of these locations are on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte state.
K-Means Clustering of Social Studies Performance at Junior High School
Authors: Tundo  , Raihanah Syifa , Wahyudi Tri , Sugiyono
Published: January 2025

This study aims to optimize the use of technology in evaluating student performance by grouping students based on their abilities. The main issues include the underutilization of technology, the absence of an appropriate evaluation system for different levels of student ability, and ineffective methods for grouping students. The K-Means Clustering algorithm was chosen because it has proven effective in grouping academic data in various studies. The data used includes Daily Knowledge Scores (DKS), Daily skill scores (DSS), Mid-term Summative Scores (MSS), End-of-Year Summative Scores (ESS), and Grade Report (GR). The data was analyzed using the CRISP-DM methodology with the help of RapidMiner. The results showed that 28.63% of students were classified as having excellent performance, 50.21% as having good performance, and 21.16% as having moderate performance. The Davies-Bouldin Index score of 1.713 for K=3 was considered sufficient for distinguishing the different student performance groups. The results of this study are expected to help schools provide learning support that better aligns with student needs. Future research is recommended to focus on optimizing the number of clusters (K), applying this method to other subjects, and integrating it with e-learning platforms for real-time student performance monitoring.
Psychosomatische Aspekte und Rehabilitationskonzepte beim Post-COVID-Syndrom
Authors: Köllner V. , Etzrodt F. , Kleinschmidt J. , Kupferschmitt A.
Published: January 2025

Das Post-COVID-Syndrom ist eine Multisystemerkrankung, die eine interdisziplinäre Behandlung – oft mit psychotherapeutischer Unterstützung bei der Krankheitsverarbeitung – erfordert. Pathogenetisch spielen sowohl somatische als auch psychische Faktoren eine Rolle, beide sind in einem komplexen multifaktoriellen Modell der Krankheitsgenese und -aufrechterhaltung zu verstehen. Die gängigsten somatischen Hypothesen sind chronische Entzündung, Autoimmunität, Viruspersistenz und endotheliale Dysfunktion. In der Regel sind diese Mechanismen jedoch nicht ausreichend, um die komplexe Symptomatik des Post-COVID-Syndroms sowie deren Aufrechterhaltung und Chronifizierung zu erklären. Ein psychosomatisches Krankheitskonzept ist auch hilfreich bei der Erklärung der Beeinträchtigungen von Aktivität und Teilhabe. Hierbei wird ausdrücklich nicht von einer primär psychischen Genese der Symptomatik ausgegangen. Ein solches Konzept wird in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. Wichtig ist eine individuelle Betrachtung, da die Bedeutung psychischer Faktoren für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Symptome von Patient zu Patient stark variieren. Darüber hinaus gibt der vorliegende Beitrag einen Überblick über psychotherapeutische Konzepte und Techniken, die Post-COVID-Patienten bei der Krankheitsverarbeitung und Adaption an die Funktionseinschränkungen helfen können. Dies sind v.a. ein ACT-basiertes Konzept mit psychoedukativen Elementen und Themen wie Pacing, Bewältigungsfertigkeiten im Umgang mit chronischer Krankheit, Veränderung der Lebensführung, Selbstwert und Leistung, Kommunikation. Hilfreich sind psychotherapeutische Konzepte sowie Interventionen auf der Basis des Avoidance-Endurance-Modells. Hierbei ist eine enge Kommunikation zwischen Psycho- und Bewegungstherapie sinnvoll. Dargestellt werden Behandlungsstrategien für die somatische und die psychosomatische Rehabilitation. Schlüsselwörter: Post-COVID-Syndrom, Depression, Fatigue, Avoidance/Endurance, Akzeptanz- und Commitment-Therapie (ACT)
Human Birth
Authors: Schiefenhövel Wulf
Published: January 2025

Porod, zvlaště u lidí, je velice komplikovaný proces podobný všem jinýrn podstatným událostem v životě organizmu přímo ovlivňujícím existenci a dobrý stav potomků. Z hlediska evoluční biologie jsme my lidé stejně tak perfektními produkty jako jiní živočichové, velice dobře vybavenými pro všechny události, které nám život přináší. Paradigma defektního lidského živočicha však pořád zústává základem mnoha vědních oborů o člověku, a to má samozřejmě vliv na myšlení v medicíně obecně. Studenti medicíny a lékaři jsou trénovaní z hlediska konceptu, že lidské tělo je nedokonalé. Denně vidí pacienty u kterých něco funguje špatně a je velice těžké pro ně chápat lidský organizmus jako zázrak evoluce. To je překážka, proti které chci v tomto článku uvést některé ze svých myšlenek a něco z naší práce.
Evolutionary Origins of Human Sexual Motivation
Authors: Klusmann Dietrich
Published: January 2025

Utváření lidské sexuální motivace je chápáno jako systém adaptivních mechanismů, které se vyvinuly jako odpověď na různé, někdy konfliktní, reprodukční kontingence. Je diskutováno 6 lidských sexuálních systémů. 1: Hlídání partnera a soutěž spermatu je motivací pouze pro muže, 2: V páru je pokračující sexuální receptivita ženy signálem pro kooperaci s můžem zajišťujícím jeho otcovství, čímž se zajišťuje otcovská kooperace muže. 3: Mnohočetná reprodukce je pro muže výhodná a může zvýšit jeho reprodukční úspěch. Obě pohlaví jsou vybavena motivačními mechanismy pro mimopárovou reprodukci. 4: Skrytá, neho přinejmenším nemanifestovaná, ovulace člověka podporuje stálou přítomnost a častou kopulaci, napomáhá tomu i rozložení cyklu ženy v průběhu celého roku. 5: Za vhodných podmínek může kopulace spustit neurochemické odpovědi, které posilují vazbu u obou pohlaví. Zdá se tedy, že sexuální motivace je spojena se systémem vazby, která je však dostatečně volná, aby umožňovala i mimopárovou alternativu. 6: Ženské tělo je zvláště dobře vybaveno, aby monitorovalo životní situace v souvislosti s reprodukčními možnostmi a také podle toho regulovalo fertilitu. Protože sexuální motivace je regulována stejnými hormonálními mechanismy, je propojena s ženským sledováním prostředí.
Podle vůně poznáte je.
Authors: Havlíček Jan
Published: January 2025

A number of mammalian species discriminate their mates by their smell. Humans also produce temporarily stable odour signatures. The results of several studies showed that humans are able to recognise their own odour, the odour of their partner or relatives. Also the unfamiliar subjects can match the odour of children and their mothers, but not the odour of spouses. This suggests that as on visual level, the odour of individual relatives resembles each other, probably due to genetic factors. Odour communication is a powerful tool in very early infant´s life already. A newborn can find the nipple and recognise its mother within a few hours after birth. A mother is also able to identify the smell of her infant even when her contact with the baby was restricted to several hours. Studies on gender judgments by smell found that the more intense and unpleasant smells are mostly attributed to men and vice versa. Thus gender is presumably not perceived per se by smell, but rather by perceived intensity. The aim of this paper is to critically review studies on human odour recognition and to propose the directions of future research.
Sexuální chování, orientace, identifikace, preference a role
Authors: Valentová Jaroslava
Published: January 2025

Commonly debated in the public sector as well as in academic circles and scientific research, the basic concepts of the phenomenon of sexual orientation are being confused or simply recognized inadequately. This especially affects the conceptual understanding of sexual behaviour, sexual orientation, but also sexual identification and sexual identity. Homosexual behaviour does not have to correspond to or be the cause of homosexual orientation. Homosexual behaviour may not necessarily be an indication of homosexual orientation. Homosexual orientation has deeper biological roots than homosexual behaviour, which, in humans, is strongly influenced by culture. The phenomenon of sexual orientation does not have to be perceived as a positively dichotomous occurrence anymore. Quite the opposite, it seems it is a continuum of various sexual orientations that can have their own specific biological and socio-cultural roots. The psychological concept of the sexual identi­fication process suggests there can be a discrepancy between the psychological and the biological aspect of a single phenomenon, a discrepancy between sexual orientation [with no regard to behaviour] and sexual identification. The second part of the article seeks to outline the complex issue of gender conformity and nonconformity, which is closely related to the topic of homosexual orientation and, furthermore, is significantly overshadowed hy numerous 'popular myths', common among laymen. ln gender nonconformity we distinguish between Childhood Gender Nonconformity [CGN] appearing before puberty and Continuous Gender Identity [CGI]. Childhood gender nonconformity is one of the most common [although not completely accurate] predictors of future homosexual orientation. As far as the 'popular myths' connected withthis issue are concerned, the most widespread yet overly simplified idea is that every homosexually oriented male is positioned nearer to the feminine end of the masculinity-femininity scale. The article aims to illustrate that the problem is in reality more complex: actually, it is possible to distinguish more types of male homosexual orientation.
Přijela světoznámá primatoložka
Authors: Vančátová Marina
Published: January 2025

Ve dnech 4.-7. 10. 2004 přijela do České republiky světoznámá primatoložka Dr. Jane Goodallová. V jejím programu byla návštěva festivalu Tourfilm v Karlových Varech, kde představila svůj nový film "Zpět do Gombe". V závěru festivalu obdržela cenu za celoživotní dílo.
Christophe Duhamelle, Jürgen Schlumbohm (Hg.): Eheschließungen in Europa des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts. Muster und Strategien
Authors: Horský Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Christophe Duhamelle and Jürgen Schlumbohm.
Jacqueline Kelen: Ženy z Bible.; Ann Belford Ulanov: Pramatky Ježíše Krista.
Authors: Knotková-Čapková Blanka
Published: January 2025

A review of the books by Jacqueline Kelen and Ann Belford Ulanov.
Karnoprawne ograniczenia poszukiwania zabytków archeologicznych jako element krajowego systemu ochrony dziedzictwa kulturalnego (uwagi modelowe)
Authors: Gerecka-Żołyńska Anna
Published: January 2025

Przedmiotem opracowania jest prawnokarna problematyka wyłączenia bezprawności lub zawinienia zachowania w przypadku czynu zabronionego nielegalnego przekroczenia granicy, stypizowanego w art. 264 § 2 Kodeksu karnego oraz art. 49a Kodeksu wykroczeń przez odwołanie się do stany wyższej konieczności, analizowana w kontekście trwającego od 2021 r. kryzysu imigracyjnego na granicy polsko-białoruskiej. W pierwszej części ogólnie omówiono zastosowanie tej instytucji do sytuacji przekroczenia granicy mimo braku formalnych ku temu uprawnień, w szczególności z uwzględnieniem przedmiotu ochrony ww. regulacji oraz wagi dóbr – poświęcanego i ratowanego. Aprobatywnie oceniono przy tym prezentowany w literaturze pogląd, że w wybranych sytuacjach, w których dochodziło ostatnio do przekraczania granicy polskiej od strony białoruskiej, sprawcy działali właśnie w stanie wyższej konieczności, i to co do zasady w formie, w której wyłącza on bezprawność zachowania. Na tym tle w kolejnych częściach artykułu rozważono bardziej szczegółowe zagadnienia, a mianowicie problem ewentualnego przyczynienia się sprawców do powstania zagrożenia oraz legalizacji zagrożenia przez podjęcie przez Rząd Polski decyzji o wzmocnieniu urządzeń chroniących granicę polsko-białoruską w celu uniemożliwienia jej przekroczenia w miejscach do tego nieprzeznaczonych. W podsumowaniu wskazano, że problemy te nie stoją jednak na przeszkodzie zastosowaniu stanu wyższej konieczności do różnych form, w jakich do nielegalnego przekroczenia granicy dochodziło, niemniej weryfikacji poddać należy brak rozróżnienia między granicą wewnętrzną Unii Europejskiej i granicą zewnętrzną na poziomie ich karnoprawnej ochrony.
Investigations of segmental arterial stiffness in a cross‐sectional study on young adult male trained swimmers, cyclists, and non‐trained men
Authors: Nishiwaki Masato , Kume Daisuke , Matsumoto Naoyuki
Published: January 2025

Contrary to cardiovascular risk reductions by aerobic exercise, arterial stiffness, as assessed by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), is higher in swimmers and controls than in other aerobically trained individuals. The main muscles actively recruited in swimming are in the upper limbs, so this study aimed to investigate heart‐brachial PWV in swimmers and to compare arterial stiffness indices between modes and measurement localities. Subjects comprised 60 individuals (18–22 years), including 20 untrained controls (Con), 20 aerobically trained cyclists (Aero), and 20 swimmers (Swim). Characteristics and strength did not differ, but peak oxygen uptake was significantly higher in Aero and Swim than in Con. Brachial‐ankle PWV was significantly lower in Aero than in Con and Swim and no significant difference was observed between Con and Swim (Con, 1070 ± 115; Aero, 916 ± 109; Swim, 1035 ± 91 cm/s). Nevertheless, heart‐brachial PWV was significantly lower in Swim than in Con and tended to be lower in Swim than in Aero (Con, 344 ± 25; Aero, 330 ± 41; Swim, 308 ± 31 cm/s). Heart‐ankle PWV was significantly lower in both Swim and Aero than in Con (Con, 618 ± 47; Aero, 580 ± 54; Swim, 576 ± 43 cm/s). Therefore, these findings indicate that swimmers can develop segment‐specific reductions in heart‐brachial arterial stiffness, unlike aerobically trained cyclists.
Short- to medium-term follow-up of normoponderal children and adolescents with subclinical hypothyroidism: a retrospective study of the last 15 years
Authors: Moreira Esteves Inês , Aldeia da Silva Rita , Oliveira Pereira Mariana , Portela Mariana , Marques Olinda , Martins Sofia , Antunes Ana , Mesquita Aurélio , Gomes Maria Miguel
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (>5 mUI/L) and normal total and free thyroxine levels (fT4). There is ongoing debate over whether mild SCH should be treated. This study aims to assess the clinical course of normoponderal pediatric patients with SCH.

Methods

Retrospective study, involving normoponderal children and adolescents with SCH, followed at the Pediatrics Department of Hospital de Braga, from December 2007 to December 2022.

Results

We identified 47 children and adolescents with confirmed SCH. No sex predominance was found. The median age at diagnosis was 11 years. Most cases were idiopathic (59.6 %) and diagnosed during puberty (57.5 %). The majority (46.8 %) experienced spontaneous remission, while 38.3 % required levothyroxine (LT) therapy. Discharged patients were followed for a median of 25 months. No significant differences were seen in body mass index z-score, fT4 levels, heart rate, blood pressure, or lipid parameters. Significant differences were found in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and LT dosage. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity was significantly correlated with SCH’s natural history. Although initial TSH levels were not significantly associated with SCH’s natural course, they predict treatment need. Individuals with initial TSH levels >6.47 mUI/L were more likely to require therapy. In the third year of follow-up, a significant strong negative correlation was found between TSH levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusions

SCH was self-limiting and benign in most cases. TPOAb positivity was a predictor of SCH’s natural history, and the need for treatment was predicted by initial TSH levels.
Geographies of discourse revisited
Authors: Jocuns Andrew , de Groot Freek Olaf
Published: January 2025

This study explores the role of Geographies of Discourse (GoD) (Scollon, Ron. 2013. Geographies of discourse: Action across layered spaces. In Ingrid De Saint-Georges & Jean-Jacques Weber (eds.), Multilingualism and multimodality: Current challenges for educational studies, 183–198. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers) in creating spaces for multilingualism. Building on work that examined the role of multimodality in civic participation (e.g., de Groot and Jocuns 2023. Multimodality as civic participation: The case of Thailand’s rap against dictatorship. Journal of Language and Politics 22(1). 107–128) we show how mapping, analyzing and connecting the multimodal geographies of discourse within language portraits and a mapping task in Kurdistan create insight into the historical, present and future linkages that create a network of mobile language repertoires. We discuss how geographies of discourse (GoD) emerged from how multilingualism in Iraqi Kurdistan map these GoD between the different material objects and create historical and future connections that emerge as small stories. Describing and mapping these intersections and transformations reifies Latour’s (2005. Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press) notion that neither the material nor the immaterial realizes these transformations or gives meaning to them, instead, the transformative actions and meanings indexed are situated in the social relationships between actors that produce these intersections. We argue that this way of understanding the complex networks of discourse practices that produce GoD is important presently when social interaction is situated in a nexus of online and offline spaces.
Origins and conservation of topological polarization defects in resonant photonic-crystal diffraction
Authors: Yin Xuefan , Inoue Takuya , Peng Chao , Noda Susumu
Published: January 2025

We present a continuative definition of topological charge to depict the polarization defects on any resonant diffraction orders in photonic crystal slab regardless they are radiative or evanescent. By using such a generalized definition, we investigate the origins and conservation of polarization defects across the whole Brillouin zone. We found that the mode crossings due to Brillouin zone folding contribute to the emergence of polarization defects in the entire Brillouin zone. These polarization defects eventually originate from the spontaneous symmetry breaking of line degeneracies fixed at Brillouin zone center or edges, or inter-band coupling caused by accidental Bloch band crossings. Unlike Bloch states, the polarization defects live and evolve in an unbound momentum space, obeying a local conservation law as a direct consequence of Stokes’ theorem, but the total charge number is countless.
Nonlinearity modeling for online estimation of industrial cooling fan speed subject to model uncertainties and state-dependent measurement noise
Authors: Peng Chao-Chung , Tsai Min-Che , Chen Tsai-Ying
Published: January 2025

This article presents an online speed estimation method for cooling fans in resource-limited embedded systems, considering modeling uncertainties and measurement noise. In the current thriving information technology era, monitoring the state of cooling fans is crucial, particularly for high-performance artificial intelligence server cabinets. Accurate fan speed estimation can be used not only to detect fan abnormalities but also for speed control-related applications. Several challenges arise in developing speed estimation algorithms, including state-dependent measurement noise variance, errors in nonlinear fan dynamic modeling, and uncertainties in parameter estimation. To address these issues, this study employs the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm, incorporating state-dependent noise modeling and mathematical modeling of parameter uncertainties. An UKF-based parameter update mechanism is developed to compensate for model uncertainties and estimation errors, improving the speed estimation accuracy. Simulation results indicate that the root-mean-square errors are reduced from 1.3393 with the traditional UKF to 0.7485 with the parameter update mechanism. Experimental verifications further validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and strategies in addressing the challenges associated with speed estimation in cooling fans under uncertainties and noise interference.
A class of extended high-dimensional nonisospectral KdV hierarchies and symmetry
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Zhang Yufeng , Feng Binlu
Published: January 2025

We construct a new class of N-dimensional Lie algebras and apply them to integrable systems. In this paper, we obtain a nonisospectral KdV integrable hierarchy by introducing a nonisospectral problem. Then, a coupled nonisospectral KdV hierarchy is deduced by means of the corresponding higher-dimensional loop algebra. It follows that the K symmetries, τ symmetries, and their Lie algebra of the coupled nonisospectral KdV hierarchy are investigated. The bi-Hamiltonian structures of the both resulting hierarchies are derived by using the trace identity. Finally, we derive a multicomponent nonisospectral KdV hierarchy related to the N-dimensional loop algebra, which generalizes the coupled results to an arbitrary number of components.
“La referencia de lo que me concierne y me mira en nombre del animal”: La mirada animal en La ideología de los perros (2020) de Mauricio Embry
Authors: Ramírez Peña Mariela
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo estudia la mirada del animal en la novela La ideología de los perros (2020) del escritor Mauricio Embry. La narración se centra en la voz de un niño que crece en un Chile de postdictadura militar y, además, lo hace desde un hogar pinochetista. Esta voz se cruza con otros dos personajes, Andrés y Arnoldo, para formar un único relato.
En este marco, la hipótesis de investigación sostiene que el encuentro con la mirada del animal posibilita la emergencia de discursos alternos como los de un niño, un ebrio y un loco, a través de los cuales cada personaje puede reconocer a un otro y, al verse observado por ese otro, también puede descubrirse a sí mismo. Para dar cuenta de esto, el análisis se orienta por la propuesta teórica de Jacques Derrida sobre la cuestión de los animales, en El animal que luego estoy si(gui)endo (2006).
El nihilismo mexicano: una reflexión filosófica
Authors: Hernández Quezada Javier
Published: January 2025

Reseña del libro El nihilismo mexicano, de Mario Teodoro Ramírez.
Escritura y vida en Gloria Anzaldúa
Authors: Gómez Bocanegra Jorge Martín
Published: January 2025

En este artículo, nuestro principal objetivo consiste en dilucidar cómo la escritura de Gloria Anzaldúa puede ser estudiada, a partir de atender su obra más conocida: Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza, como un tejido de vida. Será este texto, en su tercera edición (2007), en el que trabajamos fundamentalmente para comprender la escritura de Gloria Anzaldúa, y, también, para entender por qué pudo tardar tanto tiempo en terminar su tesis doctoral. Consideramos que la raíz de tal demora se debió a que, para ella, el escribir representaba una acción cuyo sentido provenía de asimilar todo lo vivido por ella. Escritura entrañable, entonces, donde las tripas y el tejido vivo del cuerpo hacían viable la existencia de una escritura viva y orgánica, más que intelectual y cabalmente organizada.
paseo por la feria en Red (1928), de Bernardo Ortiz de Montellano
Authors: García Gómez César
Published: January 2025

En este artículo se analizan cuatro poemas de Red (1928) —“Pájaros adivinadores”, “Circo”, “Rueda de la fortuna” y “Lotería”—, bajo la hipótesis de que pueden leerse como una estancia en la feria, dentro del viaje onírico que plantea el poemario. Dicho espacio se construye mediante tres ejes: lo infantil, lo lúdico y lo festivo, que, en conjunto, reformulan las atracciones y establecen nuevas reglas de juego. Con lo anterior, se destaca una parte de la propuesta de Ortiz de Montellano en sus obras de juventud y se apela a una revaloración de las mismas, no como antecedente de las preocupaciones que se hallarán en su obra posterior, sino por su propia valía.
La hibridación cultural de América. Breve revisión de Cornelius de Pauw y Javier Clavijero
Authors: Soto Rangel Laura Alicia
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo analiza las representaciones de América y los americanos en el siglo XVIII con base en los conceptos de hibridación cultural de García Canclini y de tradición de Ambrosio Velasco. La primera parte del estudio examina la hibridación del territorio americano según las dos ediciones de la Enciclopedia de Diderot, destacando la complejidad discursiva en torno al concepto del salvaje propuesto por Cornelius De Pauw. Posteriormente, se realiza una revisión crítica de las interpretaciones nacionalistas de Xavier Clavijero, cuestionando su supuesta defensa de los antiguos mexicanos a través  del análisis de narrativas que entrelazan poderes hegemónicos e identidades invisibilizadas.
Time Course of Orientation Ensemble Representation in the Human Brain
Authors: Gong Xizi , He Tao , Wang Qian , Lu Junshi , Fang Fang
Published: January 2025

Natural scenes are filled with groups of similar items. Humans employ ensemble coding to extract the summary statistical information of the environment, thereby enhancing the efficiency of information processing, something particularly useful when observing natural scenes. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the representation of ensemble information in the brain remain elusive. In particular, whether ensemble representation results from the mere summation of individual item representations or it engages other specific processes remains unclear. In this study, we utilized a set of orientation ensembles wherein none of the individual item orientations were the same as the ensemble orientation. We recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals from human participants (both sexes) when they performed an ensemble orientation discrimination task. Time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and the inverted encoding model (IEM) were employed to unravel the neural mechanisms of the ensemble orientation representation and track its time course. First, we achieved successful decoding of the ensemble orientation, with a high correlation between the decoding and behavioral accuracies. Second, the IEM analysis demonstrated that the representation of the ensemble orientation differed from the sum of the representations of individual item orientations, suggesting that ensemble coding could further modulate orientation representation in the brain. Moreover, using source reconstruction, we showed that the representation of ensemble orientation manifested in early visual areas. Taken together, our findings reveal the emergence of the ensemble representation in the human visual cortex and advance the understanding of how the brain captures and represents ensemble information.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TREASURER'S WORK THROUGH THE MATCHING OF NIK AND NPWP IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Festi Zulfaturrohmah  , Julius Pungky Wasono  , Kris Brantas Abiprayu  , Dheasey Amboningtyas
Published: January 2025

The goal of this study is to provide all taxpayers in the Semarang State University region with up-to-date information on the policies of the Directorate General of Taxation (DGT). This will enable them to provide their opinions and justifications for fulfilling their individual tax obligations through matching NIK and NPWP, thereby increasing the treasurer's capacity for activity. This study employs a quantitative technique and survey procedures to conduct descriptive research. Basic information was utilized in the research. The data from this study shows that 200 WPOP employees of Semarang State University completed the questionnaires, which were distributed to them directly beginning on January 2, 2024. There were 200 respondents, according to the information the researchers received after distributing the questionnaire. PLS SEM will be used to process the information. Since distribution was done directly in this study, it is a mix method study using both quantitative and qualitative data. And that is to choose a sample from the population that was obtained, which consists of workers in the Semarang State University Area who range in age from 20 to 50. According to the study's findings, the NIK and NPWP matching from the treasurer's socialization is suitable and complies with the rules.
Justice on Trial: How Artificial Intelligence is Reshaping Judicial Decision-Making
Authors: Andriati Syarifah Lisa , Rizki Inneke Kiki , Malian Ain Najwa Binti Mohd
Published: January 2025

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into judicial decision-making processes is reshaping the administration of justice, offering new possibilities for efficiency and consistency while raising critical concerns about fairness and judicial discretion. This research explores the use of AI to support judges in their decision-making processes, focusing on the balance between technological assistance and the human consideration of justice. Additionally, it examines the regulatory frameworks that enable and govern AI’s role in the judiciary. Employing a normative juridical research methodology and secondary data from literature reviews, this study finds that AI systems can only assist judges by providing recommendations rather than replacing their judgment. Algorithms and mathematical models cannot fully account for the complex, qualitative factors inherent in the pursuit of justice, such as moral considerations, empathy, and societal context. Currently, AI usage in judicial processes is not explicitly regulated; however, it may be justified under Article 1 Point 8 of Indonesia’s ITE Law, which recognizes electronic agents controlled by humans to achieve specified objectives. The research underscores that AI’s potential lies in its capacity to complement human judges by enhancing efficiency and reducing bias in routine tasks, while ultimate decision-making must remain a human responsibility. This study concludes that the responsible use of AI, guided by clear legal and ethical frameworks, can ensure that technological advancements in the judiciary uphold the principles of justice and human dignity.
Results of Palaeo-Soil Studies of Olbia in the Context of Early Urbanisation Processes in the North-Western Black Sea Region
Authors:   the Institute of Geography, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kushnir A. S. , Sheiko I. M. ,   the Institute of Archaeology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kozlenko R. O. ,   the National Historical-Archaeological Reserve “Olbia”, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Matviishyna Zh. M. ,   the Institute of Geography, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: January 2025

The article is focused on the results of geoarchaeological research of ancient Olbia. On the basis of field and laboratory (micromorphological and physicochemical analyses) studies of modern and buried ancient soil, the natural factor in the formation of the classical settlement of Olbia within the Dnipro-Buh estuary is analysed. A brief historical and archaeological note on the urbanisation processes in Olbia Pontica is added.