bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High lithium concentration at delivery is a potential risk factor for adverse outcomes in breastfed infants: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Whaites Heinonen Essi , Tötterman Katarina , Bäck Karin , Sarman Ihsan , Forsberg Lisa , Svedenkrans Jenny
Published: November 2023

Background

Neonatal effects of late intrauterine and early postpartum exposure to lithium through mother’s own milk are scarcely studied. It is unclear whether described symptoms in breastfed neonates are caused by placental lithium transfer or postnatal exposure to lithium through breastfeeding. We aimed to investigate lithium clearance and neonatal morbidity in breastfed infants with high versus low serum lithium concentrations at birth.

Methods

This retrospective study focused on breastfed infants to women treated with lithium during and after pregnancy, born between 2006 and 2021 in Stockholm, Sweden. Information on serum lithium concentrations and adverse neonatal outcomes was obtained from medical records. Neonatal symptoms and lithium clearance were compared between a high exposure group (HEG, lithium concentrations ≥ 0.6 meq/l) and a low exposure group (LEG, < 0.6 meq/l).

Results

A total of 25 infant-mother dyads were included. Median lithium serum concentration at birth was 0.90 meq/l in the HEG as compared with 0.40 meq/l in the LEG (p < 0.05). The difference was still significant at follow-up (0.20 meq/l vs 0.06 meq/l, p < 0.05), despite reduction in maternal dose. The rate of neonatal symptoms was 85.7% in HEG and 41.2% in LEG (p = 0.08) at birth and 28.6% vs 11.8% at follow-up (p = 0.55). Furthermore, 28.6% of infants in HEG were admitted to neonatal care, vs 5.9% in LEG (p = 0.19). Two infants in the HEG had therapeutic lithium levels at follow-up. All infants with symptoms at follow-up were either in the HEG or exposed to﻿ additional psychotropic medication.

Conclusions

Neonatal symptoms are common after late intrauterine lithium exposure, however transient, treatable and mostly mild. In this study, a high lithium concentration at birth was a risk factor for an increased lithium level at follow-up. Polypharmacy may constitute an additional risk factor. This study suggests that the late intrauterine exposure to lithium might add to the adverse effects in lithium-exposed, breastfed infants. Consequently we recommend breastfed infants with therapeutic lithium concentrations at birth to be followed up promptly to avoid lithium toxicity.
Postmarket safety profile of suicide/self-injury for GLP-1 receptor agonist: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Chen Congqin , Zhou Rijing , Fu Fang , Xiao Jie
Published: November 2023

Background

Recent reports of individuals experiencing suicidal and/or self-injurious behaviors while using liraglutide and semaglutide have heightened the concerns regarding neuropsychiatric safety of Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1RAs). As real-world evidence is very limited, we explored the association between GLP-1RA and suicide/self-injury by mining the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods

The FAERS database was queried from 2005 Q2 to 2023 Q2. The Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM) were used to conduct the disproportionality analysis.

Results

A total of 534 GLP-1RA-associated suicide/self-injury cases were reported in the FAERS during the study period. GLP-1RA did not cause a disproportionate increase in overall suicidal and self-injurious cases (ROR: 0.16, 95%CI 0.15-0.18, P < 0.001; EBGM05: 0.15). Stratified analyses found no safety signal of suicide/injury for GLP-1RA in both females and males. The ROR for suicide/self-injury with GLP-1RA was slightly elevated (ROR: 2.50, 95%CI 1.02-6.13, P = 0.05) in children, while the EBGM05 was < 2 in this population. No significant signal value was observed in other age groups. No over-reporting of suicide/self-injury was identified for GLP-1RA before or after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.

Conclusions

The cases of suicide or self-injury reported to FAERS do not indicate any overall safety signal attributable to GLP-1RA at this time. Subgroup analysis revealed a marginal elevation of ROR for suicide and self-injury with GLP-1RA in children, but no safety signal was detected by EBGM05 in this population. Further large-scale prospective investigations are still warranted to further confirm this finding.
Bosutinib in Resistant and Intolerant Pediatric Patients With Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Results From the Phase I Part of Study ITCC054/COG AAML1921
Authors: Brivio Erica , Pennesi Edoardo , Willemse Marieke E. , Huitema Alwin D.R. , Jiang Yilin , van Tinteren Harm D.R. , van der Velden Vincent H.J. , Beverloo Berna H. , den Boer Monique L. , Rammeloo Lukas A.J. , Hudson Chad , Heerema Nyla , Kowalski Karey , Zhao Huadong , Kuttschreuter Luke , Bautista Sirvent Francisco J. , Bukowinski Andrew , Rizzari Carmelo , Pollard Jessica , Murillo-Sanjuán Laura , Kutny Matthew , Zarnegar-Lumley Sara , Redell Michele , Cooper Stacy , Bertrand Yves , Petit Arnaud , Krystal Julie , Metzler Markus , Lancaster Donna , Bourquin Jean-Pierre , Motwani Jayashree , van der Sluis Inge M. , Locatelli Franco , Roth Michael E. , Hijiya Nobuko , Zwaan Christian M.
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE

Bosutinib is approved for adults with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): 400 mg once daily in newly diagnosed (ND); 500 mg once daily in resistant/intolerant (R/I) patients. Bosutinib has a different tolerability profile than other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and potentially less impact on growth (preclinical data). The primary objective of this first-in-child trial was to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for pediatric R/I and ND patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In the phase I part of this international, open-label trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04258943 ), children age 1-18 years with R/I (per European LeukemiaNet 2013) Ph+ CML were enrolled using a 6 + 4 design, testing 300, 350, and 400 mg/m2 once daily with food. The RP2D was the dose resulting in 0/6 or 1/10 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during the first cycle and achieving adult target AUC levels for the respective indication. As ND participants were only enrolled in phase II, the ND RP2D was selected based on data from R/I patients.

RESULTS

Thirty patients were enrolled; 27 were evaluable for DLT: six at 300 mg/m2, 11 at 350 mg/m2 (one DLT), and 10 at 400 mg/m2 (one DLT). The mean AUCs at 300 mg/m2, 350 mg/m2, and 400 mg/m2 were 2.20 μg h/mL, 2.52 μg h/mL, and 2.66 μg h/mL, respectively. The most common adverse event was diarrhea (93%; ≥grade 3: 11%). Seven patients stopped because of intolerance and eight because of insufficient response. Complete cytogenetic and major molecular response to bosutinib appeared comparable with other published phase I/II trials with second-generation TKIs in children.

CONCLUSION

Bosutinib was safe and effective. The pediatric RP2D was 400 mg/m2 once daily (max 600 mg/d) with food in R/I patients and 300 mg/m2 once daily (max 500 mg/d) with food in ND patients, which achieved targeted exposures as per adult experience.
Characteristics and Risk of Diabetes in People With Rare Glucose Response Curve During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Tatsumi Yukako , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Asayama Kei , Satoh Michihiro , Miyamatsu Naomi , Ohno Yuko , Ikei Hajime , Ohkubo Takayoshi
Published: November 2023

Context

Existing differences in persons with lower 30- or 60-minute plasma glucose (PG) levels during 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) than fasting PG remain unclear.

Objective

To clarify the characteristics of persons whose PG levels decrease after glucose administration during OGTT and their risk of incidence of diabetes in a Japanese general population.

Methods

In this cohort study, a total of 3995 men and 3500 women (mean age 56.7 years) without diabetes were classified into 3 groups: (1) PG at both 30 and 60 minutes ≥ fasting PG; (2) PG at 30 minutes ≥ fasting PG and PG at 60 minutes < fasting PG; (3) PG at 30 minutes < fasting PG. The characteristics and the risk of diabetes onset were analyzed using ordered logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression, respectively.

Results

Among 7495 participants, the numbers of individuals in the group 1, 2, and 3 were 6552, 769, and 174, respectively. The glucose response curve of the group 3 was boat shaped. Group 3 had the youngest age, lowest percentage of men, and best health condition, followed by groups 2 and 1. Among 3897 participants analyzed prospectively, 434 developed diabetes during the mean follow-up period of 5.8 years. The hazard ratio for diabetes onset in the group 2 was 0.30 with reference to the group 1. No-one in group 3 developed diabetes.

Conclusion

People with lower 30-minute PG than fasting PG tended to be women, young, healthy, and at low risk of diabetes onset.
Placement of a Kickstand Rod in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Simple 8-Step Process With Intraoperative Images and Video
Authors: Younus Iyan , Chanbour Hani , Ali Mir Amaan , Zuckerman Scott L.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

In adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, operative correction of coronal malalignment remains a challenging surgical task. Given the proven effectiveness and longevity of the kickstand rod (KSR) technique and its powerful ability to correct coronal malalignment, this technique is an important tool to have available. Therefore, we sought to provide a simple 8-step description of the KSR technique using intraoperative images and video in a patient undergoing combined sagittal and coronal malalignment correction.

METHODS:

A 68-year-old female with a previous history of T11-S1 posterior spinal fusion presented with mid thoracic back pain, leg paresthesias, and a right-leaning posture. The patient underwent a T4-pelvis extension of fusion, T8-11 posterior column osteotomies, and placement of a right-sided KSR to address her coronal malalignment.

RESULTS:

The KSR technique is summarized in the following steps: (1) place kickstand screw, (2) place contralateral main rod and tighten all set plugs, (3) place ipsilateral main rod and keep rod long distally, (4) place a domino in the lower/mid thoracic area, (5) place the KSR and leave the rod long proximally, (6) tighten the ipsilateral main rod above the domino, (7) loosen the ipsilateral main rod below the domino, and (8) place a rod gripper below the domino and distract. Postoperatively, the coronal vertical axis improved from 4.8 to 0.6 cm, and the sagittal vertical axis improved from 9.5 to 3.9 cm.

CONCLUSION:

The current case report provides a simple 8-step description of the KSR technique to improve coronal malalignment accompanied by intraoperative images and video.
Translational control of furina by an RNA regulon is important for left-right patterning, heart morphogenesis and cardiac valve function
Authors: Nagorska Agnieszka , Zaucker Andreas , Lambert Finnlay , Inman Angus , Toral-Perez Sara , Gorodkin Jan , Wan Yue , Smutny Michael , Sampath Karuna
Published: November 2023

Heart development is a complex process that requires asymmetric positioning of the heart, cardiac growth and valve morphogenesis. The mechanisms controlling heart morphogenesis and valve formation are not fully understood. The pro-convertase FurinA functions in heart development across vertebrates. How FurinA activity is regulated during heart development is unknown. Through computational analysis of the zebrafish transcriptome, we identified an RNA motif in a variant FurinA transcript harbouring a long 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). The alternative 3′UTR furina isoform is expressed prior to organ positioning. Somatic deletions in the furina 3′UTR lead to embryonic left-right patterning defects. Reporter localisation and RNA-binding assays show that the furina 3′UTR forms complexes with the conserved RNA-binding translational repressor, Ybx1. Conditional ybx1 mutant embryos show premature and increased Furin reporter expression, abnormal cardiac morphogenesis and looping defects. Mutant ybx1 hearts have an expanded atrioventricular canal, abnormal sino-atrial valves and retrograde blood flow from the ventricle to the atrium. This is similar to observations in humans with heart valve regurgitation. Thus, the furina 3′UTR element/Ybx1 regulon is important for translational repression of FurinA and regulation of heart development.
On the origins of developmental robustness: modeling buffering mechanisms against cell-level noise
Authors: Cano-Fernández Hugo , Tissot Tazzio , Brun-Usan Miguel , Salazar-Ciudad Isaac
Published: November 2023

During development, cells are subject to stochastic fluctuations in their positions (i.e. cell-level noise) that can potentially lead to morphological noise (i.e. stochastic differences between morphologies that are expected to be equal, e.g. the right and left sides of bilateral organisms). In this study, we explore new and existing hypotheses on buffering mechanisms against cell-level noise. Many of these hypotheses focus on how the boundaries between territories of gene expression remain regular and well defined, despite cell-level noise and division. We study these hypotheses and how irregular territory boundaries lead to morphological noise. To determine the consistency of the different hypotheses, we use a general computational model of development: EmbryoMaker. EmbryoMaker can implement arbitrary gene networks regulating basic cell behaviors (contraction, adhesion, etc.), signaling and tissue biomechanics. We found that buffering mechanisms based on the orientation of cell divisions cannot lead to regular boundaries but that other buffering mechanisms can (homotypic adhesion, planar contraction, non-dividing boundaries, constant signaling and majority rule hypotheses). We also explore the effects of the shape and size of the territories on morphological noise.
Biological timekeeping in polar environments: lessons from terrestrial vertebrates
Authors: Hazlerigg David G. , Appenroth Daniel , Tomotani Barbara M. , West Alexander C. , Wood Shona H.
Published: November 2023

The polar regions receive less solar energy than anywhere else on Earth, with the greatest year-round variation in daily light exposure; this produces highly seasonal environments, with short summers and long, cold winters. Polar environments are also characterised by a reduced daily amplitude of solar illumination. This is obvious around the solstices, when the Sun remains continuously above (polar ‘day’) or below (polar ‘night’) the horizon. Even at the solstices, however, light levels and spectral composition vary on a diel basis. These features raise interesting questions about polar biological timekeeping from the perspectives of function and causal mechanism. Functionally, to what extent are evolutionary drivers for circadian timekeeping maintained in polar environments, and how does this depend on physiology and life history? Mechanistically, how does polar solar illumination affect core daily or seasonal timekeeping and light entrainment? In birds and mammals, answers to these questions diverge widely between species, depending on physiology and bioenergetic constraints. In the high Arctic, photic cues can maintain circadian synchrony in some species, even in the polar summer. Under these conditions, timer systems may be refined to exploit polar cues. In other instances, temporal organisation may cease to be dominated by the circadian clock. Although the drive for seasonal synchronisation is strong in polar species, reliance on innate long-term (circannual) timer mechanisms varies. This variation reflects differing year-round access to photic cues. Polar chronobiology is a productive area for exploring the adaptive evolution of daily and seasonal timekeeping, with many outstanding areas for further investigation.
La fotografía como documento
Authors: Alarcón Reyero Candelaria
Published: November 2023

A propósito de la exposición antológica sobre la obra de José Ortiz de Echagüe (1886-1980), en el Museo Reina Sofía de Madrid.
Alberto Sartoris y España.
Authors: Bonet Correa Antonio
Published: November 2023

A propósito de la exposición en torno a Alberto Sartoris (190/-/998). La concepción poética de la Arquitectura. IVAN, Centre Julio González. 27 de julio-24 de septiembre de 2000. Valencia.
Creation, Consumption, and Control of Sensitive Content
Authors: Wu Yue
Published: November 2023

The paper studies whether and under what conditions policy interventions, such as strengthening censorship, can help a social planner reduce social harm caused by the consumption of sensitive content.
Choosing to Discover the Unknown: The Effects of Choice on User Attention to Online Video Advertising
Authors: Luo Cheng , Jiang Zhenhui (Jack) , Li Xiuping , Yi Cheng , Tucker Catherine
Published: November 2023

Online video platforms face the challenge of balancing the needs of their users with those of their advertisers. Although users typically prefer to have less intrusive ads, advertisers aim to effectively catch user attention. This paper investigates how the provision of ad choice affects the effectiveness of video advertising. We argue that allowing users to choose an ad to view may trigger a “conjecture-formation-and-confirmation” process that motivates users to pay more attention to the selected ad. Two online experiments and four laboratory experiments are conducted to test the theorized underlying mechanism of the ad choice effect. Study 1 finds when users are unfamiliar (versus familiar) with the content of ad options (i.e., they need to make conjectures about ad content), ad choice is more likely to increase user attention to the chosen ad. Study 2 and Study 3 show that the impact of ad choice on user attention is more likely to be positive when users are enabled to make conjectures about ad content, such as when choice options provide more relevant information about ad content. Study 4a and Study 4b provide more direct support for the underlying mechanism by showing that the ad choice effect is attenuated when users cannot form conjectures about ad content at the choice stage. Study 5 further demonstrates that the positive effect of ad choice is robust across different ad settings. Taken together, these studies show ad choice is more likely to boost the effectiveness of video advertising when the “conjecture-formation-and-confirmation” process is triggered.

This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71702126, 72022008 and 72372112], the University Research Committee of the University of Hong Kong [Grant 201905159007], HKU Education Consulting (Shenzhen) [Theme-Based Research Fund SZRI2023-TBRF-02], and the Research Grant Council Hong Kong [Project 17502921].

Supplemental Material: The data and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.03291 .
The law that came in from the cold
Authors: Finch John
Published: November 2023

As winter draws on it is timely to look at ways in which nurses in the community may be faced with problems, expected and unexpected, when their patients are particularly affected by cold conditions and at the precautions which need to be taken to avoid or lessen adverse effects on their health. As in the case of heat-related risks to health, examined in an earlier article, so too in the case of cold those most at risk are elderly patients and those who are vulnerable due to a pre-existing condition affecting health even in a more clement climate. Cold weather attracts extra legal responsibilities which are examined in this article.
Transgender debate and midwifery
Authors: Winter George F
Published: November 2023

George F Winter discusses medical advances related to transgenderism, exploring the possibilities and challenges that these advances present for midwifery
Keeping things merry
Authors: Buxton Sarah
Published: November 2023

Sarah Buxton discusses the important things to remember when attending a work Christmas party.
Türk Tasavvuf Musikisinde Ritmin Ritüele Dönüşümü -Şanlıurfa Çifteleri-
Authors: ÇAKMAK Songül
Published: November 2023

Ritim, ilk müzik türlerinin oluşumundan önce doğal olarak ortaya çıkan, ilk insanın nesneleri birbirine vurarak, görünen/görünmeyen doğaüstü güçlere karşı korunma yollarından biri ve müziğin ana iskeletini oluşturan en önemli araçlardandır. Din musikisinin de ana ekseninde Şaman’ın ritm ile vecd’e girmesi ve ritim ile dans etmesi önemli bir dönüşümün kaynağı durumundadır. Mevlâna hikayelerinden yola çıkarak altın dövülmesinin verdiği düzenli ritimden vecd sonrası oluşan sema gösterisi, Şaman’dan intikal eden inançsal pratiğin ruhsal olarak devam ettiğini ve ritüel boyutuyla sürekliliğinin sağlandığını göstermektedir. Geleneğin kültürle birleşmesi ve inancın etkin bir silsilesi olarak devam etmesi, mekânsal bağlamda kullanılma zemini ve sıklığına göre değişmektedir. Çalışma, Şanlıurfa bölgesindeki halk sanatçılarının okuduğu çiftelerden yola çıkarak, çifteler aracılığıyla çeşitli ritüellerin gerçekleşmesini konu almaktadır. Türk tasavvuf müziğinin çifteler (ilahi) adıyla halk arasında nasıl yaygınlaşıp sema, semah veya zikre dönüştüğü, hangi niteliğinin sürekliliğinin sağlanmasında etken olduğu sorularından hareket edilmiştir. Şanlıurfa’da çifte denilen tasavvufi grupta yer alan kişilerin birçoğu hafızdır. Çifteler genellikle def eşliğinde seslendirilir. Makamsal yapı ses ile çeşitlilik kazanarak, böylece güftenin kalıcılığı ve sürekliliği sağlanmış olur. Türk Musikisi formlarının halk arasında yaygınlığını sağlayan makamsal özelliklerin yanı sıra ritimdeki çeşitliliğin farklı duygulara da hitap etme gücüdür. Farklı ritimlerde seslendirilen kaside mevlid, ilahi gibi dini formlar, bağlamlarının geniş olmasından kaynaklı sürdürülebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ritmin ritüele dönüşümünde inancın etkili gücünün aynı zamanda toplumsal birlik ve beraberliğin de sağlayıcısı olma durumundan söz edilecek ve Şanlıurfa bölgesindeki bu musikişinasların bu oluşumdaki rollerinden ve Türk Sanat Müziği/Türk Halk Müziği türlerinin gelişimine katkılarından, Türk müziğini farklı formlarda kullanma yetilerinden söz edilecektir. Gelenekte dini inancı eyleme dönüştüren bu kolektif müzik kültürü paylaşımında netnografik alan araştırma yapılması uygun görülmüştür. Hava muhalefetinin olumsuz etkisi ve ritüellerin gerçekleştiği bağlamın erkek özerk alanla (zikir) sınırlı olması ve farklı inanç pratiklerinin (Alevi semahı) halka kapalı olmasından kaynaklı bu araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Bağlam merkezli yaklaşımların bu zorlukları dışında müziğin iki farklı türünü birleştiren, divan edebiyatı/halk edebiyatı geçişinde, çiftelerin önemli rolü, sözlü kaynak görüşmeleri yapılarak ve literatür taranarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Digital reputation, skills and uncertainty reduction on global digital labour platforms
Authors: Beerepoot Niels , Lambregts Bart , Oprins Jorien
Published: November 2023

Digital labour platforms have become increasingly common for the trade of a range of digitally transferable services. To help participants mitigate the uncertainty that is inherent to trading on digital platforms, feedback mechanisms have become the main tool to gauge the ‘performed’ quality and reliability of platform participants. Based on an analysis of 750 written feedback texts, this article first examines which freelancer qualities (technical skills, generic skills or personal competences) matter most to clients and, therefore, are instrumental to the building of a freelancer’s digital reputation on a platform and, second, how exactly these feedback texts help reduce uncertainty when trading via a platform. Herewith, this paper adds to a deeper understanding of the ‘rules of the game’ on digital labour platforms.
But which skills?
Authors: Anelli Gianni
Published: November 2023

Skills assessment is essential for today’s labour market. There are many factors that change the requirements for the workplace. More than ever, it is important to monitor which skills are in high demand so that workers stay employed and companies do not lose productivity. This research discusses the relevance of data from online job portals for this task. It then uses a skill extractor in online job advertisements from Chile to identify and extract the skills employers place in their online job advertisements through skills dictionaries. The study shows modest results when using the European Skills, Competences and Occupations (ESCO) dictionary but an enhanced and much-improved result when adding an inductively constructed dictionary of the national labour market. Using this method would allow a new input of information to be incorporated into labour market information systems that would enable better decisions to be made by the various actors in the labour market.
Job security in the apparel industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakshe Wasantha , Chandrasiri T.G.S.D.
Published: November 2023

Due to a lack of job security, many employees in Sri Lanka’s garment industry – which is important to the country’s economy – experience irritation and fear. Most employees fear the unexpected, and the loss of workplace security exacerbates these fears. This study aimed to pinpoint factors that affect the job security of office-based employees in Sri Lanka’s garment sector. A cross-sectional survey, using a structured questionnaire, was used to determine the factors affecting job security using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Government policies, skill level and the status of employment were found to be significantly associated with job security while collective bargaining and the working environment were not statistically significant. The research identified a set of factors that are suitable for assessing job security. The article concludes by exploring the implications of the results for decision-makers and making recommendations to employers, government bodies, and trade unions for measures whose implementation might bolster employees’ assurance of job stability for garment workers.
What Skills Do Students Need for Upper-Division Latin?
Authors: Shelton Colin
Published: November 2023

abstract: This article explores the language-proficiency levels required in traditional upper-division university courses in Latin. It introduces a research framework to Classics called "domain analysis" and analyzes upper-division Latin at one university to determine the target functional outcomes for students in lower-division courses. The article finds that traditional upper-division Latin requires philological skills that are not described under widely used descriptions of language proficiency, but that these courses also require a reading proficiency corresponding to "advanced high" in the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Proficiency Guidelines , as well as a limited degree of listening and pronunciation ability. A lower-division curriculum that integrates active Latin techniques with those drawn from multiliteracies and grammar-translation pedagogies may be best suited to achieving these proficiencies.
“We Are These Homes”: Emplaced Racial Trauma in Documentary Film
Authors: Faust Megan
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This essay contributes the concept of emplaced racial trauma to theoretical conceptualizations of race, space, and trauma. Defined as the spatialization of racism-induced traumatic experiences, emplaced racial trauma seeks to describe the geography that the felt experience of race and racism creates, particularly as it relates to anti-Black spatial dynamics. This geography is characterized by the materiality of its ontological existence, the manner in which it concentrates historical memory and connects disparate spaces of racial trauma, and the dialectical relationship it maintains with placelessness, especially as it pertains to displacement. I ground the theory in empirical examples drawn from three films that center Black people, stories, and spaces: Mossville: When Great Trees Fall , Whose Streets? , and The Last Black Man in San Francisco . Through an analysis of the spaces and people represented in these films, I demonstrate the (re)production of spaces of emplaced racial trauma, their impacts on the material world, and the relationships that their residents form with them. These geographies are shown to inform the sociospatial world as it is continually constructed, operating as sites of racial harm but also localities in which inhabitants might subvert spatial domination.
Russian Foreign Policy Concept and Global Health: The War as a Turning Point
Authors: Shok Nataliya
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This essay argues that the complex qualitative shift in Russian foreign policy has far-reaching implications for international cooperation on global health governance and health security. “Global health” in Russia’s new Foreign Policy Concept (FPC) is less about the country’s existence in the well-established “Global Health” architecture but more about presenting itself as a sovereign power with a global strategy based on national science, technology, and health security capacities aimed to operate more effectively during various biological incidents with strategic consequences for national security. While pandemic preparedness and the next international response to the health crisis must be more efficient, Russia is a critical starting point for thinking about the future of cooperation on global health security.
PEN/Hemingway Keynote Address: Delivered at the PEN/Hemingway Awards Ceremony hosted by the John F. Kennedy Memorial Library April 2, 2023
Authors: Haigh Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Each year the Ernest Hemingway Foundation and PEN award the PEN/Hemingway prize for the year’s best debut novel. The award is presented at a gala reception at the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston, Massachusetts. The 2023 PEN/Hemingway prize was awarded to Oscar Hokeah for his book, Calling for a Blanket Dance . We are pleased to present the keynote address of Jennifer Haigh, a New York Times Best Selling author who has been called a “gifted chronicler of the human condition” ( Washington Post Book World ).
Constructions of Race and Revolution in Ernest Hemingway’s “The Porter”
Authors: Marshall Ian
Published: November 2023

Abstract: In this essay, Ian Marshall analyzes Ernest Hemingway’s writing methodology in his short fiction, paying particular attention to constructions of labor, landscape, and African American male identity. Marshall argues that Hemingway was incapable of imagining a black working-class revolution, or a racially unified working-class revolution in the United States. This inability shapes his characters actions, particularly George, the main African American character in “The Porter,” and contributes to our understanding of revolutionary and social class consciousness in the U.S. as presented in Hemingway’s fiction.
The Social Dynamics of Lovesickness and the Ecclesiastical Project's Expansion in Medieval Northern Europe
Authors: Páez Mario Martín
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze the social patterns of lovesickness in thirteenth century Iceland and Norway. I approach feelings from an anthropological perspective and understand them as emotional concepts that shed light not on the inner state of the individual, but rather on the social context in which one is integrated. Special attention is paid to the relationship between love and grief in Vǫlsunga saga, Tristrams saga , and the Strengleikar . In these sources, most of the concepts for grief, pain, and sorrow are associated with love affairs, and can be the result of infatuation, of the impossibility for the sweethearts to stay together, or of the beloved's death. This affection is also understood as an illness whose only remedy lies in the loved person. The emphasis placed on the conjugal relationship runs parallel to historical changes in kinship structure and marriage rules. Thus, emotional concepts and literary expressions of love could react against social practices and pave the way for the insertion of Christian laws. However, the Christian marriage model was not totally opposed to secular interests, as the economic and political gains of marriages were still crucial in both medieval literature and law.
“Gaunt as wolves, and mad for prey”: Hunger, Hospitality, and the Irish Laborer in Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South
Authors: Cantwell Nancy
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South introduces starving Irish immigrants to critique England’s response to the Great Famine (1845–52) and to inspire compassion for the Irish laborers brought in as “knobsticks” or strike breakers in the factory town of Milton. Against this manufacturing backdrop, wherein immigrants are even more desperate than the native working-class, sympathy for the hungry motivates the striking English workers to overcome anti-Irish sentiment and to transcend differences through hospitality. Both working-class Nicholas Higgins and factory-owner John Thornton learn to accept responsibility for alleviating workers’ suffering caused by Britain’s commercial competition and global expansion, in the process establishing better understanding between classes and cultures. Despite their role as minor characters, the Irish immigrants prove central to the novel’s humanistic message as recipients of English hospitality at a time when hosts had little to give.
Reasons for stopping Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC): A retrospective study to improve future patient selection
Authors: Ezanno Anne-Cécile , Malgras Brice , Conan Pierre-Louis , Aime Adeline , Fawaz Jade , Picchi Hugo , Doat Solène , Pocard Marc
Published: November 2023

To improve the prognosis and maintain quality of life in patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM), a novel treatment has been introduced–pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). The majority of teams propose at least 3 PIPAC procedures. However, for many patients PIPAC is stopped after only one or two procedures. The aim of this study was to identify the reasons for stopping PIPAC after only one or two procedures and to establish a profile of poor candidates. This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all patients who underwent PIPAC in three French expert centers between 2015 and 2021. A total of 268 PIPAC procedures were performed in 89 patients. Of them, 48.3% of patients underwent fewer than three procedures: 28.1% had one, 20.2% two and 51.7% three or more PIPAC procedures. The main reason for stopping PIPAC, regardless of the number of procedures, was disease progression, in 55.8% of cases. Other reasons for stopping PIPAC were non-access to the abdominal cavity (7.9%), conversion to cytoreductive surgery (13.5%), post-PIPAC adverse events (7.9%), patients’ wishes (10.1%) and death (2.2%). In univariate analysis, patients who received fewer than three PIPACs less frequently had chemotherapy beforehand (91% vs 100%, p = 0.05), less frequently had bimodal treatment (70% vs 87%, p = 0.04), had more ascites (median 80 ml vs 50 ml, p = 0.05) and more frequently had carcinomatosic ascites (48.8% vs 23.9%, p < 0.01). Performing PIPAC alone in chemotherapy-naïve patients with ascites should be avoided.
CLAHE-CapsNet: Efficient retina optical coherence tomography classification using capsule networks with contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization
Authors: Opoku Michael , Weyori Benjamin Asubam , Adekoya Adebayo Felix , Adu Kwabena
Published: November 2023

Manual detection of eye diseases using retina Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images by Ophthalmologists is time consuming, prone to errors and tedious. Previous researchers have developed a computer aided system using deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to aid in faster detection of the retina diseases. However, these methods find it difficult to achieve better classification performance due to noise in the OCT image. Moreover, the pooling operations in CNN reduce resolution of the image that limits the performance of the model. The contributions of the paper are in two folds. Firstly, this paper makes a comprehensive literature review to establish current-state-of-act methods successfully implemented in retina OCT image classifications. Additionally, this paper proposes a capsule network coupled with contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE-CapsNet) for retina OCT image classification. The CLAHE was implemented as layers to minimize the noise in the retina image for better performance of the model. A three-layer convolutional capsule network was designed with carefully chosen hyperparameters. The dataset used for this study was presented by University of California San Diego (UCSD). The dataset consists of 84,495 X-Ray images (JPEG) and 4 categories (NORMAL, CNV, DME, and DRUSEN). The images went through a grading system consisting of multiple layers of trained graders of expertise for verification and correction of image labels. Evaluation experiments were conducted and comparison of results was done with state-of-the-art models to find out the best performing model. The evaluation metrics; accuracy, sensitivity, precision, specificity, and AUC are used to determine the performance of the models. The evaluation results show that the proposed model achieves the best performing model of accuracies of 97.7%, 99.5%, and 99.3% on overall accuracy (OA), overall sensitivity (OS), and overall precision (OP), respectively. The results obtained indicate that the proposed model can be adopted and implemented to help ophthalmologists in detecting retina OCT diseases.
Mutational analysis and clinical investigations of medically diagnosed GSD 1a patients from Pakistan
Authors: Gul Bushra , Firasat Sabika , Shan Tayyaba , Tehreem Raeesa , Afshan Kiran
Published: November 2023

Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by the defects of glucose-6-phosphatase complex (G6PC). Disease causing variants in the G6PC gene, located on chromosome 17q21 result in glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia). Age of onset of GSD Ia ranges from 0.5 to 25 years with presenting features including hemorrhage, hepatic, physical and blood related abnormalities. The overall goal of proposed study was clinical and genetic characterization of GSD Ia cases from Pakistani population. This study included forty GSD Ia cases presenting with heterogeneous clinical profile including hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis i.e., pH less than 7.2, hyperuricemia, seizures, epistaxis, hypertriglyceridemia (more than180 mg/dl) and sometimes short stature. All coding exons and intron-exon boundaries of G6PC gene were screened to identify pathogenic variant in 20 patients based on availability of DNA samples and willingness to participate in molecular analysis. Pathogenic variant analysis was done using PCR-Sanger sequencing method and pathogenic effect predictions for identified variants were carried out using PROVEAN, MutationTaster, Polyphen 2, HOPE, Varsome, CADD, DANN, SIFT and HSF software. Overall, 21 variants were detected including 8 novel disease causing variants i.e., G6PC (NM_000151.4):c.71A>C (p.Gln24Pro), c.109G>C(p.Ala37Pro), c.133G>C(p.Val45Leu), c.49_50insT c.205G>A(p.Asp69Asn), c.244C>A(p.Gln82Lys) c.322A>C(p.Thr108Pro) and c.322A>C(p.Cys284Tyr) in the screened regions of G6PC gene. Out of 13 identified polymorphisms, 3 were identified in heterozygous condition while 10 were found in homozygous condition. This study revealed clinical presentation of GSD Ia cases from Pakistan and identification of novel disease-causing sequence variants in coding region and intron-exon boundaries of G6PC gene.
Metric and fault-tolerant metric dimension for GeSbTe superlattice chemical structure
Authors: Liqin Liu , Shahzad Khurram , Rauf Abdul , Tchier Fairouz , Aslam Adnan
Published: November 2023

The concept of metric dimension has many applications, including optimizing sensor placement in networks and identifying influential persons in social networks, which aids in effective resource allocation and focused interventions; finding the source of a spread in an arrangement; canonically labeling graphs; and inserting typical information in low-dimensional Euclidean spaces. In a graph G, the set S⊆V(G) of minimum vertices from which all other verticescan be uniquely determined by the distances to the vertices in S is called the resolving set. The cardinality of the resolving set is called the metric dimension. The set S is called fault-tolerant resolving set if S\{v} is still a resolving set of G. The minimum cardinality of such a set S is called fault-tolerant metric dimension of G. GeSbTe super lattice is the latest chemical compound to have electronic material that is capable of non-volatile storing phase change memories with minimum energy usage. In this work, we calculate the resolving set (fault tolerant resolving set) to find the metric dimension(fault-tolerant metric dimension) for the molecular structure of the GeSbTe lattice. The results may be useful in comparing network structure and categorizing the structure of the GeSbTe lattice.
Implications for cisgender female underrepresentation, small sample sizes, and misgendering in sport and exercise science research
Authors: Navalta James W. , Davis Dustin W. , Stone Whitley J.
Published: November 2023

A sex-data gap, from testing primarily males, results in a lack of scientific knowledge for other groups (females, transgender individuals). It is unknown whether typical recruitment and participant characterization causes incorrect statistical decisions, and three factors were evaluated: 1) underrepresenting cisgender females, 2) recruiting small sample sizes, 3) misgendering. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2004) were evaluated for sex differences after removing missing values (N= 3,645; F = 1,763). Disparities were determined by utilizing sample sizes common in sport and exercise science research; mean sample sizeN= 187, median sample sizeN= 20. Participants were randomly allocated into datasets in an imbalanced manner (33.5% females, 66.5% males). Potential effects of misgendering were determined at rates of 2% and 5%. Differences between the complete data set and expected decisions were conducted through Chi-squared (χ2) goodness of fit with significance atp< .05. When the entire dataset was evaluated as if a sex testing disparity was present, decisions were not altered (χ2= .52,p= .47). Differences were observed for mean sample size (χ2= 4.89,p= .027), median sample size (χ2= 13.52,p< .001), and misgendering at 2% (χ2= 13.52,p= < .001) and 5% (χ2= 13.52,p= < .001). Recruitment practices in sport and exercise science research should be revisited, as testing primarily cisgender males has consequences, particularly in small sample sizes. Misgendering participants also has consequences on ultimate decisions and interpretations of data, regardless of sample size. Inclusiveness is needed in helping all individuals feel valued and respected when participating in sport and exercise science research.
Management of Helicobacter pylori treatment failures: A large population-based study (HP treatment failures trial)
Authors: Aumpan Natsuda , Issariyakulkarn Navapan , Mahachai Varocha , Graham David , Yamaoka Yoshio , Vilaichone Ratha-korn
Published: November 2023

Background

Helicobacter pylori treatment failure remains a challenging problem. This study aimed to identify predictive factors for successful eradication in patients following treatment failures.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. This study included 1,050 dyspeptic patients diagnosed with H. pylori infection at tertiary care center in Thailand between March 2014 and October 2021. Patients’ demographic data, endoscopic findings, H. pylori culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), treatment regimens and outcomes were analysed.

Results

Of 1,050 patients with H. pylori infections, 302 (28.7%) experienced treatment failure (mean age 58.4 years; 44.7% males). AST was performed in 192. Resistance was observed for metronidazole (43.2%), levofloxacin (33.9%), clarithromycin (24%), and amoxicillin (2.1%). There was no tetracycline resistance. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) was significantly more common following treatment failure (45.5% vs. 15.7%, p<0.001). Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment successes and failures. Eradication rates after first-line and second-line regimens were 71.2% and 54.5%, respectively. Medication nonadherence [OR 36.6 (95%CI 8.65–155.03, p<0.001)] and MDR [OR 4.49 (95%CI 2.29–8.81, p<0.001)] were associated with treatment failure. Over time, resistance increased for metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin, while eradication rates with triple therapy declined. Tailored antibiotic therapy [OR 4.92 (95%CI 1.61–14.99, p = 0.005)] and a regimen including 4-times-daily dosing of amoxicillin (2 grams/day) [OR 3.05 (95%CI 1.10–8.41, p = 0.032)] were significantly associated with treatment success after first-line failure. Eradication rates when using tailored therapy and 4-times-daily dosing of amoxicillin (2 grams/day) were 91.1% and 89.4%, respectively. Performing AST before first-line therapy resulted in the highest cure rates. AST performed after multiple treatment failures was also associated with higher eradication rates compared with the group without AST (94.4% vs. 50%,p = 0.008).

Conclusions

AST either before or after treatment failure correlated with a higher proportion of successful eradication. Nonadherence and the MDR infections predicted treatment failure. Tailored therapy and 4-times-daily dosing of amoxicillin after treatment failure were likely to be successful.
Meanness trumps language: Lack of foreign language effect in early bilinguals’ moral choices
Authors: Flexas Albert , López-Penadés Raúl , Aguilar-Mediavilla Eva , Adrover-Roig Daniel
Published: November 2023

Moral decision-making is influenced by various factors, including personality and language. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the Foreign-Language effect (FLe) in early, highly proficient, Catalan-Spanish bilinguals and examined the role of several personality dimensions in their responses to moral dilemmas. We obtained a multilevel data structure with 766 valid trials from 52 Catalan-dominant undergraduate students who read and responded anonymously to a computerized task with 16 standardized moral dilemmas, half in Catalan and half in Spanish. Results of a multilevel multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that consistent with previous research, participants gave more utilitarian responses to impersonal than personal dilemmas. The language of the dilemma had no effect on the response (dichotomous: utilitarian vs. deontological), decision time, or affective ratings, contradicting the hypothesis of shallower emotional processing of the information in the second language. Interestingly, cruelty features of psychopathy were significantly associated with an enhanced proportion of utilitarian decisions irrespective of the language or the nature of the dilemmas. Furthermore, cruelty features interacted with participants’ assessment of dilemma aspects like vividness and verisimilitude. Overall, our findings suggest that early bilinguals immersed in a dual-language context using close Romance languages do not show the FLe and that personality traits like cruelty can modulate moral decisions regardless of language or dilemma type.