bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hedgehog regulation of epithelial cell state and morphogenesis in the larynx
Authors: Ramachandran Janani , Zhou Weiqiang , Bardenhagen Anna E , Nasr Talia , Yates Ellen R , Zorn Aaron M , Ji Hongkai , Vokes Steven A
Published: November 2022

The larynx enables speech while regulating swallowing and respiration. Larynx function hinges on the laryngeal epithelium which originates as part of the anterior foregut and undergoes extensive remodeling to separate from the esophagus and form vocal folds that interface with the adjacent trachea. Here we find that sonic hedgehog (SHH) is essential for epithelial integrity in the mouse larynx as well as the anterior foregut. During larynx-esophageal separation, low Shh expression marks specific domains of actively remodeling epithelium that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characterized by the induction of N-Cadherin and movement of cells out of the epithelial layer. Consistent with a role for SHH signaling in regulating this process, Shh mutants undergo an abnormal EMT throughout the anterior foregut and larynx, marked by a cadherin switch, movement out of the epithelial layer and cell death. Unexpectedly, Shh mutant epithelial cells are replaced by a new population of FOXA2-negative cells that likely derive from adjacent pouch tissues and form a rudimentary epithelium. These findings have important implications for interpreting the etiology of HH-dependent birth defects within the foregut. We propose that SHH signaling has a default role in maintaining epithelial identity throughout the anterior foregut and that regionalized reductions in SHH trigger epithelial remodeling.
Munc13 supports fusogenicity of non-docked vesicles at synapses with disrupted active zones
Authors: Tan Chao , de Nola Giovanni , Qiao Claire , Imig Cordelia , Born Richard T , Brose Nils , Kaeser Pascal S
Published: November 2022

Active zones consist of protein scaffolds that are tightly attached to the presynaptic plasma membrane. They dock and prime synaptic vesicles, couple them to voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and direct neurotransmitter release toward postsynaptic receptor domains. Simultaneous RIM + ELKS ablation disrupts these scaffolds, abolishes vesicle docking, and removes active zone-targeted Munc13, but some vesicles remain releasable. To assess whether this enduring vesicular fusogenicity is mediated by non-active zone-anchored Munc13 or is Munc13-independent, we ablated Munc13-1 and Munc13-2 in addition to RIM + ELKS in mouse hippocampal neurons. The hextuple knockout synapses lacked docked vesicles, but other ultrastructural features were near-normal despite the strong genetic manipulation. Removing Munc13 in addition to RIM + ELKS impaired action potential-evoked vesicle fusion more strongly than RIM + ELKS knockout by further decreasing the releasable vesicle pool. Hence, Munc13 can support some fusogenicity without RIM and ELKS, and presynaptic recruitment of Munc13, even without active zone anchoring, suffices to generate some fusion-competent vesicles.
Discovery of a new class of reversible TEA domain transcription factor inhibitors with a novel binding mode
Authors: Hu Lu , Sun Yang , Liu Shun , Erb Hannah , Singh Alka , Mao Junhao , Luo Xuelian , Wu Xu
Published: November 2022

The TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factor forms a transcription co-activation complex with the key downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, YAP/TAZ. TEAD-YAP controls the expression of Hippo-responsive genes involved in cell proliferation, development, and tumorigenesis. Hyperactivation of TEAD-YAP activities is observed in many human cancers and is associated with cancer cell proliferation, survival, and immune evasion. Therefore, targeting the TEAD-YAP complex has emerged as an attractive therapeutic approach. We previously reported that the mammalian TEAD transcription factors (TEAD1–4) possess auto-palmitoylation activities and contain an evolutionarily conserved palmitate-binding pocket (PBP), which allows small-molecule modulation. Since then, several reversible and irreversible inhibitors have been reported by binding to PBP. Here, we report a new class of TEAD inhibitors with a novel binding mode. Representative analog TM2 shows potent inhibition of TEAD auto-palmitoylation both in vitro and in cells. Surprisingly, the co-crystal structure of the human TEAD2 YAP-binding domain (YBD) in complex with TM2 reveals that TM2 adopts an unexpected binding mode by occupying not only the hydrophobic PBP, but also a new side binding pocket formed by hydrophilic residues. RNA-seq analysis shows that TM2 potently and specifically suppresses TEAD-YAP transcriptional activities. Consistently, TM2 exhibits strong antiproliferation effects as a single agent or in combination with a MEK inhibitor in YAP-dependent cancer cells. These findings establish TM2 as a promising small-molecule inhibitor against TEAD-YAP activities and provide new insights for designing novel TEAD inhibitors with enhanced selectivity and potency.
Sugar sensation and mechanosensation in the egg-laying preference shift of Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Wang Wanyue , Dweck Hany KM , Talross Gaëlle JS , Zaidi Ali , Gendron Joshua M , Carlson John R
Published: November 2022

The agricultural pest Drosophila suzukii differs from most other Drosophila species in that it lays eggs in ripe, rather than overripe, fruit. Previously, we showed that changes in bitter taste sensation accompanied this adaptation (Dweck et al., 2021). Here, we show that D. suzukii has also undergone a variety of changes in sweet taste sensation. D. suzukii has a weaker preference than Drosophila melanogaster for laying eggs on substrates containing all three primary fruit sugars: sucrose, fructose, and glucose. Major subsets of D. suzukii taste sensilla have lost electrophysiological responses to sugars. Expression of several key sugar receptor genes is reduced in the taste organs of D. suzukii. By contrast, certain mechanosensory channel genes, including no mechanoreceptor potential C, are expressed at higher levels in the taste organs of D. suzukii, which has a higher preference for stiff substrates. Finally, we find that D. suzukii responds differently from D. melanogaster to combinations of sweet and mechanosensory cues. Thus, the two species differ in sweet sensation, mechanosensation, and their integration, which are all likely to contribute to the differences in their egg-laying preferences in nature.
A role for the centrosome in regulating the rate of neuronal efferocytosis by microglia in vivo
Authors: Möller Katrin , Brambach Max , Villani Ambra , Gallo Elisa , Gilmour Darren , Peri Francesca
Published: November 2022

During brain development, many newborn neurons undergo apoptosis and are engulfed by microglia, the tissue-resident phagocytes of the brain, in a process known as efferocytosis. A hallmark of microglia is their highly branched morphology characterized by the presence of numerous dynamic extensions that these cells use for scanning the brain parenchyma and engulfing unwanted material. The mechanisms driving branch formation and apoptotic cell engulfment in microglia are unclear. By taking a live-imaging approach in zebrafish, we show that while microglia generate multiple microtubule-based branches, they only successfully engulf one apoptotic neuron at a time. Further investigation into the mechanism underlying this sequential engulfment revealed that targeted migration of the centrosome into one branch is predictive of phagosome formation and polarized vesicular trafficking. Moreover, experimentally doubling centrosomal numbers in microglia increases the rate of engulfment and even allows microglia to remove two neurons simultaneously, providing direct supporting evidence for a model where centrosomal migration is a rate-limiting step in branch-mediated efferocytosis. Conversely, light-mediated depolymerization of microtubules causes microglia to lose their typical branched morphology and switch to an alternative mode of engulfment, characterized by directed migration towards target neurons, revealing unexpected plasticity in their phagocytic ability. Finally, building on work focusing on the establishment of the immunological synapse, we identified a conserved signalling pathway underlying centrosomal movement in engulfing microglia.
Open access books: building blocks and policies
Authors: Snijder Ronald , Mosterd Tom
Published: November 2022

Watch the VIDEO.
The complex realm of open science and scholarly communication consists of various increasingly interconnected parts. One of these building blocks is open access books. When taking a closer look at this particular building block, we see an intricate landscape of existing and emerging players, infrastructure, funding and policies. All these players and aspects play a role in a transition to open access for books as part of their larger open science policies.
By focusing on the current state of affairs for this particular building block, we can describe the different stakeholders – commercial or community led – plus the roles they play and what infrastructure, metadata and identifiers are in place or still need to be developed. Furthermore, this session will take into account funding and policy developments related to open access books and its relation to the building block and open science as a whole.
Based on this overview of the open access books landscape we invite the participants to discuss the implications for the larger goal of connecting the building blocks of Open Science. Enabling open science in this relatively small part of the scholarly communications realm comes with challenges for funders, publishers and libraries. Assuming that these challenges also exist for other open science building blocks, what can be learned from our experiences?
How weather impacts expressed sentiment in Russia: evidence from Odnoklassniki
Authors: Smetanin Sergey
Published: November 2022

Prior research suggests that weather conditions may substantively impact people’s emotional state and mood. In Russia, the relationship between weather and mood has been studied for certain regions—usually with severe or extreme climatic and weather conditions—but with quite limited samples of up to 1,000 people. Over the past decade, partly due to the proliferation of online social networks and the development of natural language processing techniques, the relationship between weather and mood has become possible to study based on the sentiment expressed by individuals. One of the key advantages of such studies based on digital traces is that it is possible to analyze much larger samples of people in comparison with traditional survey-based studies. In this article, we investigate the relationship between historical weather conditions and sentiment expressed in seven Russian cities based on the data of one of the largest Russian social networks, Odnoklassniki. We constructed a daily city-level expressed positive sentiment metric based on 2.76 million posts published by 1.31 million unique users from Odnoklassniki and studied its dynamics relative to daily weather conditions via regression modelling. It was found that a maximum daily temperature between +20 °C and +25 °C, light breeze (between 5 and 11 km/h) and an increase in the average daily temperature by 20–25 °C compared to the previous day are all associated with higher numbers of expressions of positive sentiment, whereas the difference between the maximum and minimum daily temperatures of 15–20 °C is associated with lower numbers of expressions of positive sentiment.
Growing up is hard to do: a demographic model of survival and growth of Caribbean octocoral recruits
Authors: Lasker Howard R. , Martínez-Quintana Ángela
Published: November 2022

Background

Among species with size structured demography, population structure is determined by size specific survival and growth rates. This interplay is particularly important among recently settled colonial invertebrates for which survival is low and growth is the only way of escaping the high mortality that small colonies are subject to. Gorgonian corals settling on reefs can grow into colonies of millions of polyps and can be meters tall. However, all colonies start their benthic lives as single polyps, which are subject to high mortality rates. Annual survival among these species increases with size, reflecting the ability of colonies to increasingly survive partial mortality as they grow larger.

Methods

Data on survival and growth of gorgonian recruits in the genera Eunicea and Pseudoplexaura at two sites on the southern coast of St John, US Virgin Islands were used to generate a stage structured model that characterizes growth of recruits from 0.3 cm until they reach 5 cm height. The model used the frequency distributions of colony growth rates to incorporate variability into the model.

Results

High probabilities of zero and negative growth increase the time necessary to reach 5 cm and extends the demographic bottleneck caused by high mortality to multiple years. Only 5% of the recruits in the model survived and reached 5 cm height and, on average, recruits required 3 y to reach 5 cm height. Field measurements of recruitment rates often use colony height to differentiate recruits from older colonies, but height cannot unambiguously identify recruits due to the highly variable nature of colony growth. Our model shows how recruitment rates based on height average recruitment and survival across more than a single year, but size-based definitions of recruitment if consistently used can characterize the role of supply and early survival in the population dynamics of species.
Study on the Impact of Red Culture on the Ideological and Political Education of College Students
Authors: Li Maolin
Published: November 2022

Study on the impact of red culture on the ideological and political education of college students is the core of this paper. Activities are the main form of moral education. Only by carrying out regular revolutionary traditional educational activities can the revolutionary spirit of the revolutionary ancestors be internalized into the quality of students. The revolutionary traditional educational activities have formed the characteristics of the serialization in content, stratification in goals, and normalization in time. The characteristics of our school's revolutionary traditional education are not only reflected in the school's school-running ideology, but also implemented in the school's development plan. The school regards the general revolutionary traditional education as the main content of the school's moral education work and campus culture construction. Study on the impact of red culture on the ideological and political education of college students is then discussed with the detailed theories.
Effectiveness of Peer Mentoring Program on Academic Performance of Grade VII Bhutanese Students
Authors: Dorji Ugyen , Lhamo Phub
Published: November 2022

The study explored the effectiveness of peer mentoring program on academic performance of class VII Bhutanese students. It employed mixed method approach with purposive sampling method. A total of 62 students from grade VII participated in the study. The study found out the mean of the differences (pre-test and post-test) was 5.14 (SD = 3.42) and the paired-samples t-test indicated that this mean of the differences is significantly greater than zero (t = 8.36, p = .00, 95% CI[6.39, 3.88]). This indicated that the peer mentoring program had positive impact on academic performance of students. The peer mentoring program also helped students to enhance their communication skills. However, some mentor students mentioned that it was quite hectic when mentees do not cooperate with them.

It is recommended that peer mentoring program should be carried out in schools to improve students’ academic performance as well as their communication skills. Further, the present study focused on only some students of grade VII, a study may be carried out across schools to get a deep understanding of the subject.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome and It’s Effect on Child Population
Authors: Datta Anand Prakash , Chaudhary Richa
Published: November 2022

Background: Guillian Barre Syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of minor flaccid paralysis in the world and post-polio eradication is the most common cause on the Indian subcontinent as well. It affects 0.6-4 people per 1 lakh people per year. Guillian-Barre syndrome should be distinguished by a variation associated with inflammation of the cortical area of brain of chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy predicting prognosis and clinical course. Children have a better prognosis than adults and usually recover after a different period. However, in the Pressing event of the disease, the damage can be severe and can lead to mechanical failure and even death. There are a few studies in the indian subcontinent that show the effects of GBS in children and the effect of regional variability of the outcome. This study is therefore designed to study prospective clinicians, as well as the overall effect on children with GBS in India.

Objective: Studying the short-term and long-term effect of Guillian Barre Syndrome in children.

Methods: This is a health care infrastructurel-based study to be conducted at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural hospital (ABVRH) for a period of one year. All children under the age of 18 between August 2019 to July 2020 are admitted to the PICU and completing the comprehending criteria will be comprised in the study. Patient details regarding the progression of the disease, the results of the investigation, the PICU stay, clinical studies in the hospital, the treatment received and the state of discharge will be recorded in the pre-prescribed proforma. The data obtained will be analyzed simultaneously.

Conclusion: Information on factors associated with positive and negative outcomes in children with GBS will serve as a guide for your treating pediatrician to plan a treatment plan and will also help them explain their predictions to parents.
Survey, Consumption Methods and Uses of Edible Forest Insects in Selected Local Government Areas, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Alobi A. O. , Ovat O. I. , Ovat K. E.
Published: November 2022

The survey and consumption methods of edible forest insects was investigated within a period of eight months. Information on respondents’ demography, availability, harvesting methods and uses was collected using questionnaire and field survey. Data generated was analysed using frequency tables, charts and bar diagrams. Females (51%) were higher in number than males (49%) in the collection of edible forest insects, with over 70 percent of the collectors haven’t completed their secondary (46%) and tertiary (32%) education. The main preservation and consumption methods were roasting and frying, with majority of the people utilizing the insects majorly as food ingredients and sweetener. Most of the insects identified were consumed at adult stage, with exception of caterpillar that was consumed at larval stage. In all the locations and with the exception of termites and crickets which were available during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, all other insects identified were available all year round. There was a strong positive relationship interms of insect availability, collection methods and uses between Akamkpa and Obubra (rs = 0.089), Obubra and Ogoja (rs – 0.689). The was not the same for Ogoja and Akamkpa (rs = 0.352), as well as ogoja and Obubra (rs = 0.102), respectively.
Public Relations Strategies in the Management of Tertiary Institutions in Post COVID-19 Nigeria
Authors: Shimawua Dominic , Ternenge Kusugh
Published: November 2022

The eruption of a global pandemic in the end of  2019 known as the coronavirus or COVID-19 and its containment measures, including prolonged economic lockdown have affected all sectors of the economy around the world, including Nigeria. The education sector in particular was badly affected by the pandemic due to physical closure of schools even though online learning was adopted in some schools during the period. However, the reopening of the schools for academic activities has placed a heavy burden on school administrators in the management of the reopening process.  Interestingly, Public Relations, which is part of organizational management is expected to play very crucial role in successful reopening and quick recovery of the sector from the pandemic; hence, this study became necessary to investigate the public relations strategies in the management of the tertiary institutions in the post period of this pandemic in Nigeria. Anchored on the Stakeholders and Excellence Theories of Public Relations practice, the researchers made use of secondary sources to obtain data for the study. Thematic qualitative method was used in analysis of the data that were obtained in the study.  Through the data analysed, there was sufficient evidence on the way the coronavirus pandemic has affected the education sector the world over in general and Nigeria in particular. The study has also shown the public relations strategies relevant to engage stakeholders in  safe schools’ reopening plans; target resources to where they are most needed; get children back to school confidently; make  school environments safe; and quick recovery  of lost learning activities among others. While this study acknowledged through its conclusion, the indisputable centrality of public relations in effective management of schools’ reopening and recovery process in the post Covid-19 period, it observed unfortunate challenges that are in the practice among schools which can disrupt the achievement of the desired success in the reopening and recovery process.
Extent of Adoption of Agricultural Practices in Sugarcane Production in Response to Climate Change in Coastal Odisha
Authors: Nayak Debasmita , Meher Mita , Das Debasmita
Published: November 2022

The present research was conducted to assess the extent of adoption of different agricultural practices in sugarcane production in response to climate change. The research study was conducted in Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha . 2 blocks, 4 Gram panchayats and 8 villages were selected for the study 60 numbers of respondents by purposive sampling method. Ex-post facto research design was chosen in this research. The findings of the study showed that giving protective irrigation in response to late monsoon with a mean score 1.60 was the most adopted practice where resowing in case of low germination percentage with a mean score 1.17 was the least adopted practice in the research area.
Phenylpropanoids from the Immature Fruits of Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.)
Authors: Wang Yihai , Xu Jingwen , He Xiangjiu
Published: November 2022

Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) has been traditionally used as indigenous Chinese medicine. Phytochemical investigations of the immature fruits of S. nigrum have been carried out and nine phenylpropanoids (1-9) were obtained. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods, including MS, 1H and 13C-NMR. They were identified as (7S, 8R)-4-[3-hydroxymethyl-5-(3- hydroxypropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol (1), (7S, 8R)- dihydrodehydroconifery alcohol (2), massonianoside A (3), butane-2,3-diol 2-O- (6-O-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyraniside (4), 4-[(6-O-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] vanillic acid (5), (+)-isolariciresinol (6), trans-cinnamic acid (7), ferulic acid (8), and 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (9). This study enriched the chemical constituents of black nightshade.
Revolução cubana - 60 anos depois: relato de um curso de extensão universitária
Authors: Pandolfi Aline Fardin , Dardengo André Moulin , Alfonso Maite Hernández , Stocco Aline Faé , Borrego Arelys Esquenazi , Carraro Gissele , Cardoso Mario Mariano Ruiz
Published: November 2022

O texto apresenta o relato do curso de extensão “Revolução cubana: 60 anos depois”, desenvolvido na modalidade virtual por professores(as) e pesquisadores(as). Compreendeu 3 módulos com um total de 11 encontros formativos e uma média de 42 participantes por encontro. Foram desenvolvidas temáticas no âmbito econômico, político, social, cultural e educacional da revolução cubana no percurso de mais de 60 anos. A modalidade virtual implicou em limites pedagógicos, entretanto, os(as) participantes apontaram uma avaliação bastante positiva da experiência. Além da socialização de conteúdos referentes ao tema do curso, a atividade extensionista aqui relatada propiciou uma interação formativa entre os(as) formuladores(as) da proposta, bem como a possibilidade de ações futuras referentes à produção e à socialização de conhecimentos e pesquisas sobre Cuba e sua revolução.
O uso da internet no combate à violência infantil
Authors: Roma Campos da Costa Isabella Carolina , Leão Ciuffo Lia , Monteiro Gomes Ana Letícia , Vignuda de Souza Tânia , Moreira Christoffel Marialda , Ribeiro Cavalcante Júlia
Published: November 2022

O Projeto de Extensão “Cultura da Paz entre crianças e adolescentes: a Enfermagem na Prevenção da violência na escola” atua nas escolas municipais do Rio de Janeiro a fim de promover a prevenção de violências à criança. Entretanto, a pandemia da Covid-19 mudou a forma de empreendimento das ações permitindo a experiência do formato híbrido e o uso das mídias sociais aliado ao combate dos vários tipos de violência. Objetivo deste texto é descrever a experiência do processo de elaboração de materiais educativos voltados para a prevenção de violências à criança e o uso de mídias sociais. Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a construção de materiais educativos durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Histórias em vídeos e outros materiais foram produzidos e amplamente divulgados no canal no Instagram® (@culturadapazufrj), Whatsapp®, Youtube® e Facebook®, demonstrando a capacidade de adaptação do projeto à possibilidade do combate às violências de maneira virtual.
Ciclo de Debates “5ª com NEsCaFe das Cinco”
Authors: Guimarães Helenise , Mangabeira Clark , De Jesus Leonardo Augusto , Carvalho Carlos
Published: November 2022

Trata-se de um relato de experiência de projeto de extensão universitária, cuja ação foi proposta e executada pelo Núcleo de Estudos de Carnavais e Festas – NEsCaFe – da Escola de Belas Artes da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/UFRJ. A ação organizou mesas-redondas no formato online para discussão e debate de temas ligados aos carnavais e festas populares brasileiras, a partir das perspectivas e compartilhamento de saberes integrados de pesquisadores, professores, mestras e mestres da Cultura Popular e carnavalescos. O resultado foi uma ação com considerável alcance de público que, em um ano no qual as festividades não aconteceram devido à pandemia da Covid-19, marcou o calendário acadêmico de pesquisas sobre as festas brasileiras, interseccionando saberes e articulando redes de pesquisadores.
A Facilitação de Aprendizagem como ferramenta de acessibilidade no contexto do ensino superior
Authors: Pacheco Santolin de Oliveira Mylena , Teles Mascarenhas Luiza
Published: November 2022

A Facilitação de Aprendizagem é uma prática que visa a eliminação parcial ou total de barreiras de acessibilidade que são enfrentadas pelos discentes com deficiência no ensino superior e que prejudicam sua aprendizagem e o pleno desenvolvimento de suas capacidades e habilidades na universidade. No presente trabalho, pretende-se relatar as estratégias utilizadas por uma facilitadora de aprendizagem, discente voluntária do projeto de extensão “Educação, Deficiência e Facilitação de Aprendizagem”, visando a acessibilidade de uma discente com deficiência visual da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Ademais, pretende-se destacar os principais resultados obtidos através das ações desenvolvidas entre a discente e a facilitadora de aprendizagem durante o ano letivo de 2021. Trata-se de um relato de experiência em que as atividades foram realizadas remotamente. São, portanto, ações que visam a disseminação de práticas inclusivas e acessíveis no ensino superior.
Association of Recreational Cannabis Legalization With Alcohol Use Among Adults in the US, 2010 to 2019
Authors: Macha Vandana , Abouk Rahi , Drake Coleman
Published: November 2022

Importance

In the US, cannabis use has nearly doubled during the past decade, in part because states have implemented recreational cannabis laws (RCLs). However, it is unclear how legalization of adult-use cannabis may affect alcohol consumption.

Objective

To estimate the association between implementation of state RCLs and alcohol use among adults in the US.

Design, Settings, and Participants

This was a cross-sectional study of 4.2 million individuals who responded to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2010 to 2019. A difference-in-differences approach with demographic and policy controls was used to estimate the association between RCLs and alcohol use, overall and by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and educational level. Data analyses were performed from June 2021 to March 2022.

Exposures

States with RCLs, as reported by the RAND−University of Southern California Schaeffer Opioid Policy Tools and Information Center.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Past-month alcohol use, binge drinking, and heavy drinking.

Results

Of 4.2 million respondents (median age group, 50-64 years; 2 476 984 [51.7%] women; 2 978 467 [58.3%] non-Hispanic White individuals) in 2010 through 2019, 321 921 individuals lived in state-years with recreational cannabis laws. Recreational cannabis laws were associated with a 0.9 percentage point (95% CI, 0.1-1.7;P = .02) increase in any alcohol drinking but were not significantly associated with binge or heavy drinking. Increases in any alcohol use were primarily among younger adults (18-24 years) and men, as well as among non-Hispanic White respondents and those without any college education. A 1.4 percentage point increase (95% CI, 0.4-2.3;P = .006) in binge drinking was also observed among men, although this association diminished over time.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study and difference-in-differences analysis found that recreational cannabis laws in the US may be associated with increased alcohol use, primarily among younger adults and men.
Adaptive event‐triggered quantized H∞ fuzzy filtering for T‐S fuzzy systems via fuzzy Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method
Authors: Li Guiling , Peng Chen
Published: November 2022

This article is concerned on the problem of adaptive event‐triggered quantized fuzzy filtering for networked T‐S fuzzy control systems under imperfect premise matching. First, a novel adaptive event‐triggered communication scheme for networked fuzzy control systems is built to save more limited network bandwidth, where the event‐triggered parameter is changed with the output fluctuation. Second, a fuzzy filter with the imperfect premise matching is designed. Under consideration of event‐triggered scheme and quantization method, an unified filtering error model is well constructed, which contains time delay and parameter uncertainties. Then, a new augmented fuzzy Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional including a fuzzy Lyapunov matrix and a delay product term is established, and sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the filtering error system with a given performance. Moreover, the corresponding filter can be designed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is put forward to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.
Villa Veritas, legendary treatment center in New York, closing
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

ADAW learned last week that a treatment program we thought would remain open forever is closing at the end of the year. Villa Veritas (“The Villa”) in Kerhonkson, New York, after 50 years, will close, with family staying on the campus. ADAW asked Suzanne Cusack, CEO, to make a statement about the closing (we met her and her late husband, Jim, several times at meetings of the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers). Below is her statement.
AATOD CEO stresses organization's focus on reform
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

With just over 1,500 attendees, the meeting of the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD) in Baltimore this month was full of information. “I had positive feedback about conference participants learning from the sessions,” AATOD CEO Mark Parrino told ADAW last week. “The plenary sessions provided excellent guidance on the progress that has been made at the federal and state level,” he said.
Proposed amendments to confidentiality regulations still not out
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

A rulemaking on the proposed amendments to 42 CFR Part 2, the regulation governing confidentiality of substance use patient records, is still waiting in the wings.
The Application of High‐Throughput Approaches in Identifying Novel Therapeutic Targets and Agents to Treat Diabetes
Authors: He Siyi , Lim Gareth E.
Published: November 2022

During the past decades, unprecedented progress in technologies has revolutionized traditional research methodologies. Among these, advances in high‐throughput drug screening approaches have permitted the rapid identification of potential therapeutic agents from drug libraries that contain thousands or millions of molecules. Moreover, high‐throughput‐based therapeutic target discovery strategies can comprehensively interrogate relationships between biomolecules (e.g., gene, RNA, and protein) and diseases and significantly increase the authors’ knowledge of disease mechanisms. Diabetes is a chronic disease primarily characterized by the incapacity of the body to maintain normoglycemia. The prevalence of diabetes in modern society has become a severe public health issue that threatens the well‐being of millions of patients. Although a number of pharmacological treatments are available, there is no permanent cure for diabetes, and discovering novel therapeutic targets and agents continues to be an urgent need. The present review discusses the technical details of high‐throughput screening approaches in drug discovery, followed by introducing the applications of such approaches to diabetes research. This review aims to provide an example of the applicability of high‐throughput technologies in facilitating different aspects of disease research.
Microstructure and Intermetallic Phase Evolution during the Homogenization of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr–Nd Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Dai Yuxin , Yan Liangming , Hao Jianpeng
Published: November 2022

The intermetallic phase evolution during the homogenization of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloy with Nd addition is investigated. Large amounts of the eutectic interdendritic acicular‐state η (MgZn2) phase, primary phase T (AlZnMgCu), Al8Cu4Nd, and Al7Cu2Fe exist at the grain boundaries of the as‐cast Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr–Nd alloy. The homogenized intermetallic phase evolves as follows: the η phase dissolves into the α (Al) matrix, most of the T phase is dissolved in 16 h, and the remaining part of the T phase is transformed into the S phase (Al2CuMg) after 24 h. The stable Al8Cu4Nd phase in the alloy captures Cu atoms and inhibits the further generation of the S phase during homogenization. The addition of Nd decreases the fraction of the S phase, and only Al7Cu2Fe, Al8Cu4Nd, and Al2CuMg remain after homogenization for 24 h. Homogenization kinetics analysis suggests that the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr–Nd alloy is suitably homogenized at 470 °C 24 h−1.
Protease‐Activatable Nanozyme with Photoacoustic and Tumor‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Photothermal Ferroptosis Cancer Therapy
Authors: Qin Wen , Huang Jinzhao , Yang Chunsheng , Yue Quer , Chen Shizhen , Wang Mengdie , Gao Shangbang , Zhou Xin , Yang Xiangliang , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2022

Despite the promise of ferrotherapy in cancer treatment, current ferrous therapeutics suffer from compromised antitumor ferroptosis efficacy and low specificity for tumors. Herein, a protease‐activatable nanozyme (Fe3O4@Cu1.77Se) is reported for photoacoustic and tumor‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided second near‐IR photothermal ferroptosis cancer therapy. Fe3O4@Cu1.77Se remains stable in physiological conditions, but disintegrates to increase reactive intratumoral ferrous supply for elevated hydroxyl radical generation by Fenton reaction and GSH depletion in response to overexpressed matrix metalloproteinases in tumor microenvironment, leading to amplified ferroptosis of tumor cells as well as enhanced T2‐weighted MRI contrast. Further integration with second near‐IR photoirradiation to generate localized heat not only triggers effective photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging but more importantly, potentiates Fenton reaction to promote ferroptotic tumor cell death. Such synergism leads to the polarization of tumor‐associated macrophage from the tumor‐promoting M2 type to the tumor‐killing M1 type, and induces the immunogenic cells death of tumor cells, which in turn promotes the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in tumor, contributing to significant tumor suppression. This study presents a novel activatable ferrous nanotheranostics for spatial‐temporal control over antitumor ferroptosis responses.
Multifunctional Shape Memory Composites for Joule Heating, Self‐Healing, and Highly Efficient Microwave Absorption
Authors: Liu Yijie , Wei Xiangfei , He Xiaoxuan , Yao Junru , Tan Ruiyang , Chen Ping , Yao Boyi , Zhou Jintang , Yao Zhengjun
Published: November 2022

Traditional microwaves absorption materials (MAMs) are applied in the form of coatings, generally inflexible, with high production costs and poor adaptability to applications in different locations. The diversification of application scenarios requires materials with multifunctionalities, but it is extremely challenging to integrate multifunctionalities within single material at present. Herein, a multifunctional CoNC@GN/PCL/TPU MAMs is synthesized. The CoNC@GN nano‐micro absorber has high‐efficiency microwave absorption ability. The electromagnetic microwave absorption performance is ultra‐light (4 wt.%), ultra‐thin (2.3 mm), and broadband (6.21 GHz), which is better than similar MAMs. Additionally, the samples have highly efficient electro‐thermal conversion properties, enabling controlled electrical heating performance and excellent self‐healing properties. More remarkably, the sample has an electrically driven shape memory effect that allows the material to target the absorption of multi‐angle incident electromagnetic waves. Therefore, CoNC@GN/PCL/TPU absorbers are the key to truly opening up opportunities for flexible, shape memory, and multifunctional absorbers in frontier applications such as wearables, deformable robots, and chip protection.
Modeling Crevicular Fluid Flow and Host‐Oral Microbiome Interactions in a Gingival Crevice‐on‐Chip
Authors: Makkar Hardik , Zhou Ying , Tan Kai Soo , Lim Chwee Teck , Sriram Gopu
Published: November 2022

Gingival crevice and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow play a crucial role at the gingiva‐oral microbiome interface which contributes toward maintaining the balance between gingival health and periodontal disease. Interstitial flow of GCF strongly impacts the host‐microbiome interactions and tissue responses. However, currently available in vitro preclinical models largely disregard the dynamic nature of gingival crevicular microenvironment, thus limiting the progress in the development of periodontal therapeutics. Here, a proof‐of‐principle “gingival crevice‐on‐chip” microfluidic platform to culture gingival connective tissue equivalent (CTE) under dynamic interstitial fluid flow mimicking the GCF is described. On‐chip co‐culture using oral symbiont (Streptococcus oralis) shows the potential to recapitulate microbial colonization, formation of biofilm‐like structures at the tissue‐microbiome interface, long‐term co‐culture, and bacterial clearance secondary to simulated GCF (s‐GCF) flow. Further, on‐chip exposure of the gingival CTEs to the toll‐like receptor‐2 (TLR‐2) agonist or periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum demonstrates the potential to mimic early gingival inflammation. In contrast to direct exposure, the induction of s‐GCF flow toward the bacterial front attenuates the secretion of inflammatory mediators demonstrating the protective effect of GCF flow. This proposed in vitro platform offers the potential to study complex host‐microbe interactions in periodontal disease and the development of periodontal therapeutics under near‐microphysiological conditions.
A Template Editing Strategy to Create Interlayer‐Confined Active Species for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Depei , Yan Yuandong , Li Hu , Liu Duanduan , Yang Yandong , Li Taozhu , Du Yu , Yan Shicheng , Yu Tao , Zhou Wei , Cui Peixin , Zou Zhigang
Published: November 2022

Substantial overpotentials and insufficient and unstable active sites of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts limit their efficiency and stability in OER‐related energy conversion and storage technologies. Here, a template editing strategy is proposed to graft highly active catalytic species onto highly conductive rigid frameworks to tackle this challenge. As a successful attempt, two types of NiO6 units of layered Ni BDC (BDC stands for 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid) metal organic frameworks are selectively edited by chemical etching‐assisted electroxidation to create layered γ‐NiOOH with intercalated Ni–O species. In such an interlayer‐confined intercalated architecture, the large interlayer space with high ion permeability offers an ideal reaction region to sufficiently expose the OER active sites comprising high‐density intercalated Ni–O species, which also suppresses the undesirable γ to β phase transformation, thus exhibiting efficient and durable OER activity. As a result, water oxidation can occur at an extremely low overpotential of 130 mV and affords 1000 h stability at 100 mA cm−2. The strategy conceptually shows the possibility of achieving stable homogeneous‐like catalysis in heterogeneous catalysis.
BODIPY as a Multifunctional Theranostic Reagent in Biomedicine: Self‐Assembly, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Cheng Hong‐Bo , Cao Xiaoqiao , Zhang Shuchun , Zhang Keyue , Cheng Yang , Wang Jiaqi , Zhao Jing , Zhou Liming , Liang Xing‐Jie , Yoon Juyoung
Published: November 2022

The use of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) in biomedicine is reviewed. To open, its synthesis and regulatory strategies are summarized, and inspiring cutting‐edge work in post‐functionalization strategies is highlighted. A brief overview of assembly model of BODIPY is then provided: BODIPY is introduced as a promising building block for the formation of single‐ and multicomponent self‐assembled systems, including nanostructures suitable for aqueous environments, thereby showing the great development potential of supramolecular assembly in biomedicine applications. The frontier progress of BODIPY in biomedical application is thereafter described, supported by examples of the frontiers of biomedical applications of BODIPY‐containing smart materials: it mainly involves the application of materials based on BODIPY building blocks and their assemblies in fluorescence bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, disease treatment including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Lastly, not only the current status of the BODIPY family in the biomedical field but also the challenges worth considering are summarized. At the same time, insights into the future development prospects of biomedically applicable BODIPY are provided.
Low‐Coordinated Mo Clusters for High‐Efficiency Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Jin Mengmeng , Liu Shuai , Meng Ge , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Qian , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: November 2022

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via a 2e− pathway offers a green alternative to the energy‐extensive anthraquinone process; however, the challenge lies in the development of low cost and effective 2e− ORR catalysts. In this work, a highly selective and stable Mo clusters supported by nitrogen‐doped carbon polyhedrons catalyst for direct H2O2 electrosynthesis are first designed, which shows a high H2O2 selectivity (>77%) in the applied potential range varying from 0.2 to 0.65 V vs RHE, and an excellent mass activity of 29.0 A gcat.−1 (at 0.65 V) with negligible activity decay over 10 000 cycles in an alkaline medium. Moreover, the catalyst displays a yield rate of 136.2 ± 1.5 ppm cm−2 h−1 at −20 mA cm−2 in a continuous flow cell with neutral electrolyte. Taken together, the obtained performance metrics are comparable to the best‐reported ORR results. Density‐functional theory analyses reveal that Mo clusters can donor electrons to activate O2 molecules and strengthen the *OOH binding on Mo sites as well, thus inducing a high H2O2 selectivity. The present work provides a unique insight into the atomic introduction of metal clusters‐based materials for 2e− ORR to H2O2 powered by renewable energy.
High‐Performance Monolayer MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors on Cyclic Olefin Copolymer‐Passivated SiO2 Gate Dielectric
Authors: Kalkan Sirri Batuhan , Najafidehaghani Emad , Gan Ziyang , Drewniok Jan , Lichtenegger Michael F. , Hübner Uwe , Urban Alexander S. , George Antony , Turchanin Andrey , Nickel Bert
Published: November 2022

Trap states of the semiconductor/gate dielectric interface give rise to a pronounced subthreshold behavior in field‐effect transistors (FETs) diminishing and masking intrinsic properties of 2D materials. To reduce the well‐known detrimental effect of SiO2 surface traps, this work spin‐coated an ultrathin (≈5 nm) cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) layer onto the oxide and this hydrophobic layer acts as a surface passivator. The chemical resistance of COC allows to fabricate monolayer MoS2 FETs on SiO2 by standard cleanroom processes. This way, the interface trap density is lowered and stabilized almost fivefold, to around 5 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1, which enables low‐voltage FETs even on 300 nm thick SiO2. In addition to this superior electrical performance, the photoresponsivity of the MoS2 devices on passivated oxide is also enhanced by four orders of magnitude compared to nonpassivated MoS2 FETs. Under these conditions, negative photoconductivity and a photoresponsivity of 3 × 107 A W−1 is observed which is a new highest value for MoS2. These findings indicate that the ultrathin COC passivation of the gate dielectric enables to probe exciting properties of the atomically thin 2D semiconductor, rather than interface trap dominated effects.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enabled Wearable Sensors and Electronics for Sustainable Internet of Things Integrated Green Earth
Authors: Yang Yanqin , Guo Xinge , Zhu Minglu , Sun Zhongda , Zhang Zixuan , He Tianyiyi , Lee Chengkuo
Published: November 2022

The advancement of the Internet of Things/5G infrastructure requires a low‐cost ubiquitous sensory network to realize an autonomous system for information collection and processing, aiming at diversified applications ranging from healthcare, smart home, industry 4.0 to environmental monitoring. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is considered the most promising technology due to its self‐powered, cost‐effective, and highly customizable advantages. Through the use of wearable electronic devices, advanced TENG technology is developed as a core technology enabling self‐powered sensors, power supplies, and data communications for the aforementioned applications. In this review, the advancements of TENG‐based electronics regarding materials, material/device hybridization, systems integration, technology convergence, and applications in healthcare, environment monitoring, transportation, and smart homes toward the future green earth are reported.