bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in KEAP1/STK11-mutated lung adenocarcinoma to characterize a new subgroup of hard-to-treat patients with unmet need in the real-world setting.
Authors: Hempel Louisa , Boos Laura Amanda , Fábregas-Ibáñez Luis , Gut Gabriele , Nowak Marta , Zoche Martin , Wicki Andreas
Published: June 2024

8641

Background: Recent research suggests that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in KEAP1/STK11 mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) may present a new immunological and biological aggressive subtype unresponsive to current standard of care treatment options. Currently, there is limited data on the clinical impact of LOH in KEAP1/STK11 co-alterations in real-world settings. Methods: From November 1st, 2021, to October 1st, 2023, patients with LUAD and mutations detected by FoundationOne CDx in any of the genes KEAP1, STK11, KRAS were enrolled in the study. Clinical data, including overall survival (OS), duration of response to different treatment lines (DOR), and real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) according to the treatment lines, were retrospectively assessed in patients who had given informed general consent. Multivariate Cox regression models included patient characteristics, selected two-way interactions, OS, LOH, PD-L1 status and rwPFS for patients with STK11, KEAP1, KRAS mutations. Results: A total of 104 patients were included, 63 (60.6%) males with a median age of 64.4 years; [range: 38-90]). 23 (22.1%) patients with STK11/KEAP1/KRASmutations, 15 (14.4%) patients with KEAP1/LOH mutations, 10 (10.4%) patients with STK11/KRAS mutations and six (5.8%) patients with STK11/KEAP1. In the KEAP1/LOH mutated subgroup, median OS (mOS) was 14 months (ms), whereas in the subgroup with KEAP1/KRASmutations mOS was 13 ms. Across all groups mOS was 14 ms. Compared to Keynote 189 with a PFS of 8.8 ms, rwPFS for the first treatment line (rwPFS1) was shorter in patients with KEAP1/LOH status and KRAS/STK11 mutations at 3.5 ms and 3 ms respectively. Additionally, DOR and rwPFS for further treatment lines were analyzed according to PD-L1 and TMB status, as well as the treatment lines patients received. Conclusions: Patients with mutations on STK11/KEAP1/KRAS or with LOH presented an mOS inferior to what is currently expected from historic data for metastatic LUAD, with a worse prognosis and shorter rwPFS1 for the subgroup of K EAP1/LOH, KEAP1/KRAS and KRAS/STK11. Surprisingly, the percentage of patients carrying concurrent mutations of interest was much higher in the analyzed population than previously described, emphasizing the importance of broad NGS panel testing, including STK11 and KEAP1 mutations. Our findings based on real-world data indicate that in addition to the already known STK11/KEAP1/KRASconcomitant mutations, KEAP1/LOH mutations define a new subset of hard-to-treat genetic alterations. These patients represent a subgroup associated with primary therapy resistance, highlighting a new unmet need for tailored therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, our data emphasizes the benefit of upfront panel sequencing, including STK11/KEAP1 mutations and LOH, to identify at-need patients.
Two years of teaching close to home: Lessons learned from a near-peer model for an introductory lecture series for hematology-oncology fellows.
Authors: Iacoviello Anthony , Lam Barbara , Patell Rushad , Berry Jonathan L , Rangachari Deepa
Published: June 2024

9027

Background: First-year hematology-oncology fellows face a large initial knowledge gap due to limited disease-specific content exposure during residency training. To facilitate their transition, we introduced a near-peer lecture series during academic year (AY) 2021-22, featuring near-peers (2nd and 3rd year [“senior”] fellows) as the primary instructors guided by content experts (disease specific faculty) [Berry, et al. JCO OP 2023]. This follow-up study’s primary aim was to assess the lectures’ continued impact on learning for 1st year fellows, as well as the impact on the educational skills of senior fellows. We also sought to assess the continued support of this format by faculty. Methods: For AY 2023-24, each rising senior fellow attended a one-hour preparatory workshop on active learning techniques in Spring 2023. They were then assigned 2-3 topics to teach and paired with ≥1 expert faculty. Lectures were conducted from July to September 2023. We administered anonymous surveys immediately post-lecture to attendees and at end-of-series to senior fellows and faculty. Results are summarized as proportions with binomial 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: We received 109 immediate post-lecture responses for 26 lectures (66% of total lectures). Of 1st year fellow respondents (82.5% of all responses), 80% (95% CI [72-88%]) found the lectures very engaging, 82% (95% CI [76-90%]) found them relevant, 54% (95% [CI 46-62%]) felt very confident in disease diagnosis and staging, and 43% (95% CI [37-49%]) felt very confident in disease treatment following the lectures. All responding senior fellows (N=7) endorsed the lecture format. The majority of senior fellows (67%, 95% CI [50-84%]) found the one-hour workshop only somewhat helpful, and 71% (95% CI [50-92%]) felt only somewhat well equipped to give their lecture. Over half (57%, 95% CI [41-73%]) of senior fellows reused previous slide decks and did not meet with faculty in person to prepare for their sessions. On qualitative review of senior fellow feedback, common themes included time constraints and lack of structured format during the preparation phase. Of faculty respondents (N=9), 78% (95% CI [50-99%]) supported continuation of the format, but only 44% (95% CI [38-50%]) met in-person with their assigned senior fellow in advance of the teaching session. Conclusions: Our near-peer lecture series has broad support for its continuation and is meeting the needs of 1st year fellows. To better help senior fellows improve their education skills, future iterations will focus on optimizing the pre-session coaching and preparatory phase. This will include structured coaching with an expert educator for content planning and development, an augmented process for pre-session meetings between senior fellows and faculty, and greater focus on defining the optimal timeline for session preparation.
Development of a professional oncology navigation training and credentialing program: ACS Leadership in Oncology Navigation (ACS LION).
Authors: Morris Bonny , Kamal Arif , Franklin Elizabeth , Calhoun Elizabeth , Balistreri Jennifer , Sivendran Shanthi
Published: June 2024

9045

Background: Navigation by trained professionals is a key component to improving cancer outcomes in the US, helping to ensure every cancer patient has access to timely, quality, and culturally competent care. Due to limited standardized training and lack of sustainable funding for navigation, patients are not receiving the comprehensive care they deserve. The new Center for Medicare (CMS) 2024 physician fee schedule pathway for reimbursement of non-clinical patient navigation (PN) offers a pathway to create sustainable oncology navigation. Methods: The American Cancer Society developed the Leadership in Oncology Navigation (ACS LION) training and credentialing program with the goal of increasing access to high quality, standardized navigation training in compliance with Medicare requirements and in alignment with the Oncology Navigation Standards of Professional Practice. The program includes 10 learning modules and associated quizzes and a final summative assessment that is remotely live-proctored to demonstrate learning comprehension. This mixed methods analysis includes program descriptive data and paired t-tests of pre- and post-course comprehension and qualitative thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses. Results: The ACS LION program was piloted among 11 organizations nationally, including both academic health systems and community-based organizations. Of the 79 participants, 23% were Black and 14% were Hispanic. 18% of participants had less than one year of experience and 29% had more than 5 years of experience in navigation. 28% held clinical job titles. 51% had organization-specific in-service training and only 11% had taken an external standardized training program. Compared with pre-course scores, the program was significantly associated with higher post-course self-reported comprehension of 9 CMS required PN competencies (p<0.001; p=0.08 for professionalism and ethical conduct). Qualitative analysis revealed 4 themes: learner experience, practicality, comprehensiveness, and role delineation. Post-program ratings averaged 4.5 out of 5.0, including overall learning experience, meeting a need, would recommend to others, and enhanced their professional experience. Conclusions: Pilot participants from diverse racial, ethnic, and work experience backgrounds found ACS LION to be comprehensive, engaging, and provided either critical foundational knowledge for less experienced navigators or enhanced their existing knowledge for experienced navigators, providing practical tools and resources. Pilot results informed the course that was launched nationally on Jan 1, 2024. Webinars, learning collaboratives, refresher courses, and re-credentialing will continue to be developed and offered as part of ACS LION and ACS commitment to advancing high quality professional navigation.
Exploring the digital footprint: Social media use among hematology oncology fellowship programs in the U.S.
Authors: Vegivinti Charan Thej Reddy , Thakur Rahul Kumar , Shikhrakar Shreeja , Hammami M Bakri , Ray Barun , Kakumani Kiranmayi , Kumar Abhishek
Published: June 2024

9048

Background: Social media platforms have emerged as pivotal tools for communication, outreach, and engagement. This study aims to assess the adoption and utilization of social media among Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited Hematology Oncology (HO) fellowship programs, examining the correlation between program characteristics and social media presence. Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted of all ACGME-accredited HO fellowship programs to identify their presence on popular social media platforms, Twitter/X and Instagram. Collected metrics included the presence of official accounts, the date of creation, and follower counts as of February 2023. Additional details such as university affiliation, program size, and geographic location were also gathered to understand their influence on social media usage. Results: Out of 183 programs, 54 programs (29.5%) were found to be using Twitter, while 21 programs (11.5%) had an Instagram presence. Of these, 9 programs (4.9%) had a dual presence. Regional analysis revealed that the East North Central region had the highest Twitter/X presence, with 14 programs (25.9%), while on Instagram, the Pacific region led with 5 programs (23.8%). A significant association was observed between program type (university vs. community) and Twitter/X use. Programs with a higher number of fellowship positions (four or more) were more likely to use social media. In the period post-2021, approximately 20 programs adopted Twitter, and 15 began using Instagram. Descriptive statistics, including median values and interquartile ranges for posts, followers, and accounts followed, along with verification percentages, are detailed in the accompanying table. Conclusions: The use of social media within HO fellowship programs is a strategic tool for increasing program visibility and engaging with the next generation of medical professionals. The findings highlight a predominant use of social media in larger, possibly more resource-endowed programs, and suggest that these platforms may be an effective medium for recruitment in a digital age. This study emphasizes the significance of social media in the contemporary recruitment landscape and lays the groundwork for future research on its impact on program attractiveness and applicant selection processes in the medical field. [Table: see text]
Mucoadhesive Chitosan Composite Sponge as a Carrier for β-Sitosterol Cubosomes for Thermal Burn Treatment
Authors: Khattab Abeer , Ismail Soha , Abd-Elrazek Areeg M.
Published: June 2024

Our study aimed to explore the potential of using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to enhance the topical administration of β-sitosterol, a bioactive that is poorly soluble in water. Here, we have taken advantage of the unique characteristics that cubosomes have to provide as a drug delivery system. These characteristics include a large surface area, thermal stability, and the capacity to encapsulate molecules that are hydrophobic, amphiphilic, and hydrophilic. The cubosomal formulation was optimized by building a central composite design. The optimum dispersion exhibited a particle size of 88.3 nm, a zeta potential of -43, a polydispersity index of 0.358, and drug entrapment of 95.6%. It was composed of 15% w/w oleic acid and 5% w/w pluronic F127. The optimized cubosome dispersion was incorporated into a sponge formulation. The optimized cubosome sponge achieved a higher drug release compared with the cubosome dispersion. The SEM micrograph of the selected sponge showed that it has an interwoven irregular fibrous lamellar structure with low density and high porosity. The in-vivo data revealed that topical application of the β-sitosterol cubosomal sponge showed significant higher wound closure percentage relative to the β-sitosterol product (Mebo)®.

Graphical Abstract
Diazoxide-related Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State in a Child With Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Kahlon Harsh , Stanley Joshua R , Lineen Cillian , Lam Carol
Published: June 2024

Diazoxide is a commonly used first-line medication for the treatment of hyperinsulinism. Hyperglycemia may occur with diazoxide use. However, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) secondary to diazoxide is an exceedingly rare but potentially life-threatening adverse effect. We present a case of a 2-year-old with Kabuki syndrome and hyperinsulinism on diazoxide. She presented with 4 days of fever, respiratory symptoms, and lethargy. She was influenza B positive. Initial workup indicated HHS, with an elevated serum glucose (47.1 mmol/L [847.8 mg/dL]; reference range 3.9-6.0 mmol/L; 70-108 mg/dL), serum osmolality (357 mmol/kg H2O; reference 282-300 mmol/kg H2O) but absent urine ketones and no metabolic acidosis (venous pH 7.34). Her course was complicated by an acute kidney injury. Management in the hospital included discontinuation of diazoxide and intravenous fluid resuscitation, following which hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity resolved. No insulin therapy was required. She remained normoglycemic without diazoxide for 2 weeks but subsequently required restarting of diazoxide for hypoglycemia. This case highlights the need for early recognition and prompt management of diazoxide-related HHS to reduce negative outcomes. We present the first case report of a child with Kabuki syndrome and hyperinsulinism with diazoxide-induced HHS.
The Information Isolation Trope: Isolation, Infection, and Information Silos in Early American Literature
Authors: Tillman Kacy Dowd
Published: June 2024

Many early American novels feature at least one character who becomes physically isolated, is restricted access to communication, becomes ill, spreads their sickness, and then either dies or becomes permanently disabled. This repeated pattern of isolation, infection, information, and death/disability underscores just how concerned early Americans were with the potentially harmful effects of information silos. The concern with information siloing, at first glance, seems anachronistic to early America. Eli Pariser popularized the concept of a “filter bubble” in 2011 when lamenting the many ways that algorithms create echo chambers and political fragmentation. While this essay concurs that content-recommendation bubbles are exacerbated by new media technologies, early American novels suggest that people have been worrying about the regulation and isolation of information since the dawn of the new republic. Early American novels—particularly those published between 1789 and 1815—are often read as seduction narratives, didactic narratives, or both; this article argues that attending to this pattern offers a new way of reading early American fiction that underscores just how concerned readers and writers were with the potentially harmful effects of information silos and the regulation of information on the body, the body politic, and public health.
Manufacturing Belief: Religion, Slavery, and Benito Cereno
Authors: Traister Bryce
Published: June 2024

Although not typically read as either a religious text or a narrative preoccupied with religious issues, Herman Melville’s novella of maritime slave revolution and recontainment demonstrates how antebellum Americans came to “believe” in slavery. Focusing on the narrative’s staging of religious declension within the theater of enslavement aboard the San Dominick, this essay shows how the novella positions the practice of human slavery as an object of belief and obligation, thereby rendering human slavery into a coherent feature of the national landscape.
Legacies of Protest Art in Iran
Authors: Moss Anne Eakin , Haeri Niloofar , Bajoghli Narges
Published: June 2024

This article examines the art practice of a group of professors and students—who later came to be known as Group 57—at the Fine Arts College of the University of Tehran during the revolutionary period of 1978 to 1980. Through interviews with artists and art historical research, the authors describe the artists’ workshop where they produced posters against the Shah, the United States, and imperialism. Their posters drew on the bold colors, clear text, symbolic imagery, and easy reproducibility of international radical poster art and the early Russian revolutionary avant-garde. The authors recover these aesthetic and intellectual connections in the academic and professional training of the artists and in the art historical context of the posters themselves, examining the posters’ recent and more distant influences, and reinscribing the artists in the history of Iranian art and international art history. The authors also point toward connections between Group 57 and protest art in Iran today.
Extermination as Protection
Authors: Blacksin Isaac
Published: June 2024

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with international war reporters, this article interrogates dominant meanings for warfare and for the civilian death that results. It takes as a case study the 2016 to 2017 battle for Mosul, Iraq. Lauded reportage from Mosul revealed official underestimates of US-caused civilian harm in anti-Islamic State operations, exemplifying journalism's ability to “speak truth to power.” Yet in questioning official death tallies, journalists failed to challenge the rationale offered for this death: an accidental exception or necessary excess to justified violence. The article demonstrates how a humanitarian turn in war reportage transforms war from the effects of policy on populations to the effects of violence on the innocent. Emphasizing the morality of militarism while mystifying its political logic, news coverage of civilian death, widely presumed to function as a critique of mass violence, serves to sanction official rationales for global war.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations During Pregnancy and Puerperium—A Retrospective Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Pohjola Anni , Vest Teresa , Verho Liisa , Aarnio Karoliina , Rantanen Kirsi , Laivuori Hannele , Gissler Mika , Laakso Aki , Niemelä Mika , Ijäs Petra
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The knowledge about the management of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) during pregnancy is limited, owing partly to insufficient evidence about the outcomes of newborns. This study aims to explore symptomatic AVMs and their outcomes during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective analysis by combining patients with symptomatic AVM from a nationwide population-based cohort of all women with a pregnancy resulting in delivery during 1987 to 2016 (n = 1 773 728 deliveries) and our AVM database (n = 805, 1942-2014). Cerebrovascular events during pregnancy were identified through International Classification of Diseases-9, International Classification of Diseases-10, or surgical procedure codes from the Hospital Discharge and Medical Birth Registers. Our analysis focused on treatment characteristics and outcomes of patients with AVM hemorrhage or symptomatic AVM during pregnancy, delivery, or puerperium.

RESULTS:

A total of 28 women with symptomatic AVMs during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum period were followed for an average of 12.8 years (SD = 15.5) after admission. Among them, 21 (75%) experienced AVM hemorrhages during pregnancy, puerperium, or delivery. The mean age of patients was 28.9 years (SD = 5.5). Hemorrhages occurred predominantly during the second (n = 9, 43% of all ruptures) or the third trimester (n = 5, 24%). Two AVM ruptures occurred during labor. Treatment for AVM took place during pregnancy (n = 7, 25%) or puerperium (n = 3, 14%) in 10 patients (35.7%). Only 5 mothers (17.8%) had not been previously pregnant. There was no significant difference in mean Apgar scores between those with AVM hemorrhage (8.3) and those without (8.4).

CONCLUSION:

Most mothers in the study had prior pregnancies, suggesting a potentially weaker association between AVM rupture and pregnancy compared to previous reports. Notably, 2 AVM ruptures occurred during spontaneous vaginal deliveries. Outcomes were generally favorable in both mothers and infants. More research is needed to refine our understanding of the optimal timing for invasive treatment during pregnancy.
A transit-amplifying progenitor with biphasic behavior contributes to epidermal renewal
Authors: Ghuwalewala Sangeeta , Jiang Kevin , Ragi Sara , Shalloway David , Tumbar Tudorita
Published: June 2024

Transit-amplifying (TA) cells are progenitors that undergo an amplification phase followed by transition into an extinction phase. A long postulated epidermal TA progenitor with biphasic behavior has not yet been experimentally observed in vivo. Here, we identify such a TA population using clonal analysis of Aspm-CreER genetic cell-marking in mice, which uncovers contribution to both homeostasis and injury repair of adult skin. This TA population is more frequently dividing than a Dlx1-CreER-marked long-term self-renewing (e.g. stem cell) population. Newly developed generalized birth-death modeling of long-term lineage tracing data shows that both TA progenitors and stem cells display neutral competition, but only the stem cells display neutral drift. The quantitative evolution of a nascent TA cell and its direct descendants shows that TA progenitors indeed amplify the basal layer before transition and that the homeostatic TA population is mostly in extinction phase. This model will be broadly useful for analyzing progenitors whose behavior changes with their clone age. This work identifies a long-missing class of non-self-renewing biphasic epidermal TA progenitors and has broad implications for understanding tissue renewal mechanisms.
Allostatic Load Is Associated with Overuse Musculoskeletal Injury during US Marine Corps Officer Candidates School
Authors: FEIGEL EVAN D. , BIRD MATTHEW B. , KOLTUN KRISTEN J. , LOVALEKAR MITA , FORSE JENNIFER N. , GAGE CATHERINE R. , STEELE ELIZABETH J. , KARGL CHRISTOPHER K. , MARTIN BRIAN J. , BANNISTER ANGELIQUE , CRUZ ANGELITO V. , DOYLE TIM L. A. , FRIEDL KARL E. , NINDL BRADLEY C.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Overuse musculoskeletal injuries (MSKI) remain a significant medical challenge in military personnel undergoing military training courses; further understanding of the biological process leading to overuse MSKI development and biological signatures for injury risk are warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between overuse MSKI occurrence and physiological characteristics of allostatic load characterized as maladaptive biological responses to chronic stress measured by wearable devices in US Marine Corps officer candidates during a 10-wk training course.

Methods

Devices recorded energy expenditure (EE), daytime heart rate (HR), sleeping HR, and sleep architecture (time and percentage of deep, light, rapid eye movement sleep, awake time, total sleep). Flux was calculated as the raw or absolute difference in the average value for that day or night and the day or night beforehand. Linear mixed-effect model analysis accounting for cardiorespiratory fitness assessed the association between overuse MSKI occurrence and device metrics (α = 0.05).

Results

Sixty-nine participants (23 females) were included. Twenty-one participants (eight females) sustained overuse MSKI. Overuse MSKI occurrence in male participants was positively associated with daytime HR (β = 5.316, P = 0.008), sleeping HR (β = 2.708, P = 0.032), relative EE (β = 8.968, P = 0.001), absolute flux in relative EE (β = 2.994, P = 0.002), absolute EE (β = 626.830, P = 0.001), and absolute flux in absolute EE (β = 204.062, P = 0.004). Overuse MSKI occurrence in female participants was positively associated with relative EE (β = 5.955, P = 0.026), deep sleep time (β = 0.664, P < 0.001), and percent deep sleep (β = 12.564, P < 0.001) and negatively associated with absolute flux in sleeping HR (β = −0.660, P = 0.009).

Conclusions

Overuse MSKI occurrences were associated with physiological characteristics of allostatic load, including chronically elevated HR and EE and greater time in restorative sleep stages, which may serve as biological signatures for overuse MSKI risk.
Middle Childhood Sport Participation Predicts Timely Long-Term Chances of Academic Success in Boys and Girls by Late Adolescence
Authors: PAGANI LINDA S. , HARANDIAN KIANOUSH , GAUTHIER BENOIT , KOSAK LAURIE-ANNE , NECSA BEATRICE , TREMBLAY MARK S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

School-aged children experience successive academic demands that increase over time. Extracurricular sport develops skills that involve physical movement, social rules, formal practice, and rational competition. This may facilitate success.

Purpose

Using a prospective-longitudinal birth cohort of 746 girls/721 boys, we examined prospective associations between middle childhood sport participation with subsequent indicators of academic success in adolescence. We hypothesized that persistent participation would promote long-term achievement indicators.

Methods

Mothers reported on whether the child participated in sporting activities with a coach/instructor from ages 6 to 10 yr. Developmental trajectories of participation were generated using longitudinal latent class analysis and then used to predict outcomes. From ages 12 to 17 yr, youth self-reported on academic indicators of success over the last 6 months. These were linearly regressed on trajectories of participation in sport, while controlling for preexisting and concurrent child/family confounds.

Results

Children’s sport participation from kindergarten to fourth grade predicted long-term chances of academic success in boys and girls, above and beyond individual/family confounders. Consistent participation predicted increments indicators of future success and reductions in academic failure and dropout risk through to the senior year of secondary school, ranging from 9.1% to 21.3% for girls and 11.7% to 22.9% for boys.

Conclusions

We provide compelling and timely evidence of long-term associations between children’s sport participation and subsequent indicators of academic success in typically developing boys and girls by late adolescence. Persistent sport involvement in sport increased educational prospects by late adolescence, potentially improving opportunities for success in emerging adulthood.
Information Choice in Auctions
Authors: Bobkova Nina
Published: June 2024

The choice of an auction mechanism influences which object characteristics bidders learn about and whether the object is allocated efficiently. Some object characteristics are valued equally by all bidders and thus are inconsequential for the efficient allocation. Others matter only to certain bidders and thus determine the bidder with the highest valuation. I show when the second-price auction is ex ante efficient by inducing bidders to seek socially relevant information. When facing a continuous learning trade-off, bidders learn more about socially relevant components and less about common characteristics of the object in a second-price auction than a first-price auction. (JEL D44, D83)
Fighting for Tyranny: State Repression and Combat Motivation
Authors: Rozenas Arturas , Talibova Roya , Zhukov Yuri M.
Published: June 2024

We utilize over 100 million declassified Red Army personnel records from World War II to study how state repression shapes soldiers’ motivation to exert effort in fighting. Exploiting multiple complementary identification strategies, we find that soldiers from places with higher levels of prewar repression under Stalin’s rule were more likely to fight until death and less likely to shirk their duties, but they also received fewer decorations for personal bravery. The coercive incentives created by repression appear to have induced obedience at the expense of initiative and increased the human costs of war. (JEL D74, F51, H56, J45, N34, N44, P26)
Health Care Centralization: The Health Impacts of Obstetric Unit Closures in the United States
Authors: Fischer Stefanie , Royer Heather , White Corey
Published: June 2024

Over the last few decades, health care services in the United States have become more geographically centralized. We study how the loss of hospital-based obstetric units in over 400 counties affects maternal and infant health via a difference-in-differences design. We find that closures lead mothers to experience a significant change in birth procedures such as inductions and C-sections. In contrast to concerns voiced in the public discourse, the effects on a range of maternal and infant health outcomes are negligible or slightly beneficial. While women travel farther to receive care, closures induce women to receive higher quality care. (JEL I11, I18, J13, J16)
Private property, labour and the transformation of Political Economy in 1844 Manuscripts
Authors: Thanopoulou Evgenia
Published: June 2024

This paper intends to show that, from a methodological point of view, the 1844 Manuscripts are an integral part of the Marxist corpus and not an "epistemological break". Marx thematizes the object of Political Economy (1844 Manuscripts) by transforming its discourse. Then, proceeds to the analysis of the capitalist economy (Capital), using the revised categories of Political Economy. However, a necessary condition for such a reading is the non-ignorance of Marx's ontology. Marx reverses the Hegelian dialectics based on the relationship between man and nature. Starting from the social practice (labour), Marx sublates the contradictions between private property and labour, on the level of content, and that between Political Economy and Philosophy (necessity and freedom), on the level of discourse. Their mutual passage renders possible the transfer of the object to reality as a reflection or as a product of thinking (a real thing). Thematizing the political-economic fact, Marx returns to social being, sublating social oppositions too.
Vanessa I. Corredera. Reanimating Shakespeare’s Othello in Post-Racial America. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022.
Authors: Joubin Alexa Alice
Published: June 2024

This review considers Vanessa I Corredera's Reanimating Shakespeare’s Othello in Post-Racial America.
Marker Genes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dolomatov Sergey , Zukow Walery
Published: June 2024

An analysis was conducted on marker genes indicating the induction of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and their role in the pathogenesis of this oncological disease.
The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for ccRCC are evolving with the identification of marker genes. The use of molecular biology methods has enabled the detection of somatic mutations in RCC marker genes like VHL, BAP1, OGG1, FLCN, MDM2, TP53, and RNF139. Targeted drugs like sorafenib, sunitinib, bevacizumab, pazopanib, axitinib, everolimus, and temsirolimus are being utilized in the treatment of RCC metastases. The diagnostic value of specific alleles in marker genes like rs1642742 and rs779805 of the VHL gene, rs1052133 of the OGG1 gene, rs2279744 of the MDM2 gene, and rs1597368777 of the TP53 gene has been confirmed in detecting ccRCC. Mutations in these marker genes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ccRCC and are associated with the development and progression of the disease.
The identification of these mutations can aid in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ccRCC.
Marker genes are essential in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ccRCC. Mutations in genes like VHL, BAP1, OGG1, FLCN, MDM2, TP53, and RNF139 are key drivers of ccRCC pathogenesis. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these mutations are significant in the management of ccRCC. Further research into the role of marker genes in ccRCC is essential for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes.
The most common contact lens-related complications: A brief review of the literature
Authors: Mazurek Wojciech , Rękas Barbara , Stradczuk Monika , Mazurek Łukasz , Czach Zuzanna , Bachurska Dominika , Piętak Mateusz , Kruczyk Barbara , Olędzka Joanna , Kopacz Wojciech
Published: June 2024

Introducion and purpose
Millions of people use contact lenses every day. Their primary and most common use is correcting refractive errors. Despite their beneficial purpose, contact lens use has many complications. It is estimated that 5 to 50% of patients may develop at least a single complication.
The state of knowledge
Contact lens-related complications are multifactorial. One of the main reasons for contact lens discontinuation is contact lens discomfort. Patients most often report dryness, burning, and irritated eyes. Other disorders can be briefly divided into conjunctival and corneal complications. The most common conjunctival and allergic complication of contact lens use is giant papillary conjunctivitis. Other significant conditions involving the conjunctiva can also be superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis or allergic or toxic conjunctivitis. Corneal complications, on the other hand, seemed to be much more severe. These include superficial punctate keratitis, peripheral corneal ulceration, and contact lens-related keratitis. Also, abrasion can occur due to improper eye hygiene or mechanical damage during lens replacement. It should also be remembered that prolonged use of lenses can lead to hypoxia and corneal edema.
Summary
This paper briefly outlines the possible complications of contact lens use. It is important to remember that despite their appropriate use, sometimes significant complications can occur. Noteworthy, corneal, or conjunctival complications require discontinuation of the lenses and appropriate treatment.
Дериваційний потенціал дієслів-ономатопів на позначення супровідного звуковияву у процесі споживання
Authors: Kushlyk Oksana
Published: June 2024

The article highlights the role of the stem as a typologizing factor in studying Ukrainian and Polish word formation. The object of attention is sound-imitating verbs that stand for the accompanying sounds produced in the act of food intake as a daily physiological human need. Based on the word-formation-paradigmatic principle of systematizing the factual material, adequate to the base-centric aspect of derivatology development in Slavic languages, the author structures deverbative found in both languages by morphological zones, clarifies the continuum of semantic positions realized by deverbatives within substantive morphological zone, determines a set of word-forming means as explicators of these semantic positions, motivates the nature of semantic relations between the semantic structure of the stem and derived words in order to predict the further development of the semantic structure of the stem, identifies the factors that activate or, conversely, slow down the word-forming capacity of top verbs, and on this basis establishes the word-forming potential of sound imitating verbs that indicate the accompanying sounds produced in the act of food intake and appraises the degree of functional correspondence of the described word-forming phenomena in Ukrainian and Polish as genetically related languages.
Jak prawować się z Bogiem? Doświadczenie Hioba jako wyzwanie filozoficzne
Authors: Augustyn Leszek
Published: June 2024

This article discusses issues related to religious experience and its importance in philosophical considerations. It primarily refers to those theoretical concepts and interpretative perspectives which are directly related to philosophical (humanistic) interpretations of the Biblical Book of Job. The emergence of the figure of Job pondered from the viewpoint of various philosophical (humanistic) approaches, provided a stimulus for the development of important concepts related to the presence of the sacred element in the specifically human world. Referring to the selected interpretations of this biblical figure (I. Kant, J. Danielou, R. Girard, C. G. Jung, S. Kierkegaard, L. Shestov), the reflections presented here emphasise the enduring relevance of ‘Job’s experience’ and its importance for a deeper and more extensive understanding of the specificity of religious experience as a dimension of human experience explained in philosophical terms.
Jedność i walka sprzeczności. W sprawie domniemanego przewrotu w życiu i światopoglądzie Lwa Tołstoja
Authors: Bohun Michał
Published: June 2024

This article concerns the sources and formation of the moral doctrine of Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910). The author rejects the thesis of a spiritual revolution between 1870-1880s, i.e., a crisis after the publication of Anna Karenina. The article shows that Tolstoy’s thought processes developed gradually over ten years (1855-1865). The groundbreaking events took place at the beginning of this decade during the writer’s first trip to the West. It was then that the basic foundations of Tolstoyism were formed: pacifism, antimilitarism, anarchism, ethics of nonviolence and Christianity limited to moral doctrine. The spiritual crisis, which was the cause and background of the new worldview, was related to the contradictions within Tolstoy’s doctrine and especially to the discrepancy between its theoretical postulates and practical life.
Optimal Dynamic Clearing for Interbank Payments
Authors: Chen Shuzhen , Baron Opher , Chen Ningyuan
Published: June 2024

We investigate the optimal clearing policy for a financial payment system composed of a number of member banks and a central bank in a dynamic setting, when new payment obligations or debts between member banks are generated over time. The central bank clears the debts among members in the system in order to minimize the costs, including the setup cost of each clearing, the variable cost of clearing the net debts, and the liquidity cost of uncleared debts. We formulate the problem using dynamic programming via state space reduction that provides a tractable framework to analyze and compute the optimal policy. We characterize the structure of the optimal policy and show that it is optimal for the central bank either to clear all the debts in the system or not to clear at all in each period under mild conditions. This structure leads to efficient computation of the optimal clearing policy. We further characterize the optimal clearing frequency based upon the deterministic approximation for the debt process. We conduct a comprehensive case study based on the data acquired from our industry partner, Payments Canada, to demonstrate the performance of the policy and its feasibility in industrial-size problems.

This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.

Funding: S. Chen’s research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72101273, 72188101, 72101258, and 71991463], the Humanities and Social Science General Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China [Grant 21YJC630008], and the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 2022JJ40643]. Support for O. Baron’s research on this paper was provided by a grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). N. Chen’s research was supported by the NSERC [Discovery Grant RGPIN-2020-04038].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00380 .
The first record of Nipponophloeostiba Watanabe, 1962 from India, with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Omaliinae: Omaliini)
Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY
Published: June 2024

Nipponophloeostiba hammondi sp. nov., a new species from India (Uttarakhand), is described and illustrated. Based by some details of the body, this species is similar to Malaysian N. thayeri Shavrin, 2020, from which can be distinguished by different proportions of the pronotum and the elytra, and different morphology of the aedeagus. This is the first record of the genus from the Himalayan Region and India.
Stability, Irritation Property and Anti-aging Clinical Evaluation of Hydroethanolic Dimocarpus longan Leaf Extract-Loaded Niosomes
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Doungsaard Pimjai ,   Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Chansakaow Sunee ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Poomanee Worrapan ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand,   Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Sirithunyalug Busaban ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, Leelapornpisid Pimporn ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand,   Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to develop hydroethanolic Dimocarpus longan leaf extract (HDLE)-loaded niosomes for enhancing polyphenols’ stability and efficiency for cosmeceutical applications. Moreover, its irritation property was clinically evaluated. HDLE was loaded into niosomes of cholesterol, sorbitan laurate, and polysorbate 20 at a 1:1:1.5 molar ratio. The suitable extract-loaded capacity was 0.5% (w/w), which provided the percentage of entrapment efficiencies of gallic acid, ethyl gallate and ellagic acid at 37.77 ± 0.93, 49.76 ± 0.20, and 62.85 ± 1.55, respectively. The HDLE-loaded niosomes showed a unilamellar structure under a transmission electron microscope. The particle size range was 255.45-356.15 nm with a low polydispersity index at initial and after storage for three months. The remaining percentage of gallic acid, ethyl gallate and ellagic acid in HDLE-loaded niosomes at all storage temperatures after three months was significantly higher than in the solution. HDLE-loaded niosomes presented no irritation effect on the chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). The serum containing HDLE-loaded niosomes showed no irritation by the 4-hr human patch test. After applying twice daily for 60 days of water-based serum containing the HDLE-loaded niosomes compared with a placebo and untreated skin on different areas of forearms, the result demonstrated that HDLE-loaded niosomes serum was significantly effective in skin moisturization, elasticity induction and wrinkle reduction. In conclusion, due to their efficacy and safety, HDLE-loaded niosomes can be used for cosmetic applications.
Motion to Immersion
Authors: Tai William , Arnett DeniRob
Published: June 2024

There are many opportunities for learning under the umbrella of computer science. Coding and programming experiences can overshadow other computational learning programs. Digital asset design for virtual environments is applicable to game design and motion capture laboratories in the movement sciences. This summer camp for high school students featured coding and digital asset development as applied to motion capture and the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries.
Understanding Natural Supports in Diverse Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Across Life Domains
Authors: Sanderson Kelli A. , Burke Meghan M. , Hodapp Robert M.
Published: June 2024

Although natural supports benefit individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), little is known about natural support provided within specific life domains or how race/ethnicity or support from professionals impacts the extent of natural support one receives. In this study, 518 parents of adults with IDD responded to a national survey about natural supports, including who provides support, the number of supporters, and variables that predict natural supports. Family most often provided support, although professionals and family friends were frequent supporters in several domains. Natural support was most extensive in health, least extensive in employment and housing. Individuals with IDD who regularly participated in daytime activities and/or identified as Black had more extensive natural support. Implications are discussed.
Enhanced emitting aperture in optical phased arrays with weak-coupled grating antennas via large critical dimensions
Authors: Tang Gelin , Xu Sumei , Zhao Xingyan , Qiu Yang , Zheng Shaonan , Dong Yuan , Zhong Qize , Hu Ting
Published: June 2024

We propose what we believe to be a novel strategy to design optical phased arrays (OPAs) antennas by inserting a narrow waveguide between the bus waveguide and grating teeth. When the minimum critical dimension (CD) is 200 nm and the grating length is 1.5 mm, we achieve a quite small divergence angle of 0.05°, a reduction from 0.11° using the conventional method with the same CD. This design is compatible with 248 nm deep ultraviolet lithography, offering a more accessible fabrication process. By the gap’s increase from 180 nm to 410 nm rather than minimizing grating tooth dimensions, the divergence angles (δθ) have been demonstrated to be reduced from 0.28° to 0.05°. Furthermore, the designed OPA exhibits well divergence angles consistency, with a low standard deviation of 0.35% across wavelengths ranging from 1500 nm to 1560 nm. This innovation simplifies OPA fabrication, paving the way for cost-effective, high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems with extended detection capabilities.