bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propriedades Psicométricas e Adaptação Cultural da Basic Need Satisfaction in General Scale para uma População Brasileira de Usuários de Cadeira de Rodas
Authors: WAGNER Valdilene , PEIXOTO Evandro Morais , OLIVEIRA Leonardo Pestillo de
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo a adaptação cultural e a validação da Basic Need Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG) para a sua aplicação no contexto cultural brasileiro. Participaram da pesquisa 133 pessoas com deficiência física, usuárias de cadeira de rodas. A adaptação cultural passou por um grupo focal e por um linguista da área de Letras. Os métodos estatísticos foram sistematicamente empregados para atender aos objetivos de adaptação cultural, estimativa de evidências de validade baseada no conteúdo, na estrutura interna, na relação com variável externa e na precisão para a versão brasileira da BNSG. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória indicou a adequação do modelo composto por um fator com bons indicadores de precisão, coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach igual a 0,916, e ômega de McDonald igual a 0,916. Os resultados desta pesquisa asseguram a adequação do processo de adaptação cultural da BNSG para o contexto brasileiro, resultando em uma nova ferramenta para pesquisas relacionadas a necessidades psicológicas básicas compreendidas no cenário da teoria da autodeterminação.
Neurological, cognitive and learning evaluation of students who were born preterm
Authors: Carmo André Luis Santos do , Fredo Fernanda Wagner , Bruck Isac , Lima Joseli do Rocio Maito de , Janke Rebecca Nóbrega Ribas Gusso Harder , Fogaça Thais da Glória Messias , Glaser Jacqueline Andrea , Riechi Tatiana Izabele Jaworski de Sá , Antoniuk Sergio Antonio
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the cognitive and academic profile of preterm newborns at school age and to determine the factors related to prematurity and sociodemographic profile that influence these results. Methods: Patients aged 6-14 years old that were assisted in the preterm follow-up clinic were recruited. The cognitive, academic, and neurological capacities were accessed through a detailed evaluation with a child neurologist, a neuropsychologist and a psychopedagogue. Neonatal data were collected from patient records. Results: 97 children were included and 14 were excluded from the study, resulting in 83 children. Gestational age (GA) was 30±3 weeks and weight at birth was 1138g (605 to 4185g). Poor performance was shown in 38.4% for writing, 57.5% for reading and 42.5% for mathematics. The mean total intelligence quotient (IQ) was 96±14.9 points, and 10.9% were considered altered. Children with unstructured families presented 78.3% of failure in reading tests (p=0.029). The multivariate analysis showed association between GA at birth and classic mini-mental score (p=0.043), total IQ (p=0.047), perceptual organization IQ (p=0.035), and processing speed IQ (p=0.036). There was also association between weight at birth and the classic (p=0.004) and adapted (p=0.007) mini-mental scores; invasive mechanic ventilation duration and classic mini-mental (p=0.049); and lower maternal age and processing speed IQ (p=0.033). Conclusions: Preterm infants at school age had high frequency of failure in cognitive and academic evaluation tests. Learning difficulties are high among them. Multiple neonatal variables are related with altered cognitive and students development.
Urban co-authorship and quarantine: person-city relations in the new coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Rocha Gabrielle Queiroz da
Published: July 2021

Resumo Cidades vazias e nem tão vazias. Pessoas isolam-se, outras continuam explorando a cidade por necessidade ou por não temerem/acreditarem no perigo. A pandemia da Covid-19 mudou parte do mundo, e este artigo busca investigar novas perspectivas do conceito de coautoria urbana (Rocha, 2019) ante a crise. Essas perspectivas, pautadas por modificações nas relações dos cidadãos com a cidade, também transpassam a latência das desigualdades social e racial, gerando respostas das pessoas. Assim, busca-se compreender como as apropriações urbanas funcionaram e se organizaram durante o isolamento social, no momento de reabertura, e quais perspectivas do pós-pandemia, de forma ainda genérica. Este artigo se apoia em autores como Lefebvre (2008) e Foucault (1987), dentre outros, na observação do cotidiano e em entrevistas.
Influência do gasto público no fortalecimento da centralidade de Pau dos Ferros/RN
Authors: Souza Ronie Cleber de , Miranda Humberto
Published: July 2021

Resumo As novas centralidades passaram a ter um papel mais destacado na malha urbana brasileira desde a década de 2000. A cidade de Pau dos Ferros, localizada no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, destacou-se ao expandir sua influência regional no período 2003-2014. O objetivo deste texto é entender como o gasto público fortaleceu a centralidade regional dessa cidade. A hipótese discutida é de que o gasto público é um elemento fundamental para garantir a integração urbano-regional de cidades intermediárias localizadas nas áreas não metropolitanas do Nordeste brasileiro. Conclui-se que, dentre os gastos públicos, aqueles direcionados ao ensino superior foram decisivos para que o município de Pau dos Ferros atingisse maior relevância regional.
Covid-19 y gripe de 1918-1919: paralelos históricos, preguntas y respuestas
Authors: Porras Gallo María Isabel
Published: July 2021

Resumen El desarrollo de la pandemia de la covid-19 ha motivado un renovado interés por la gripe de 1918-1919 para buscar elementos que facilitaran la comprensión de la experiencia presente, pero también como oportunidad para reevaluar la grave crisis sanitaria del siglo XX a la luz de lo que estamos viviendo. En este contexto y con ese objetivo se inserta esta reflexión histórica sobre estos dos fenómenos pandémicos, que muestra los paralelismos existentes y la necesidad de una toma de conciencia de que nuestro modelo de sociedad está en crisis y se requiere una transformación profunda.
Liderança coaching na enfermagem e sua influência na satisfação profissional e segurança do paciente
Authors: Moraes Márcia Cristina Souza de , Dutra Gabrielle Oliveira , Ferreira Thelen Daiana Mendonça , Dias Flávia Carvalho Pena , Balsanelli Alexandre Pazetto , Gasparino Renata Cristina
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a percepção dos técnicos de enfermagem com a autopercepção do enfermeiro sobre o exercício da sua Liderança coaching e verificar a influência desse modelo de liderança no clima de segurança e na satisfação da equipe. Método Estudo correlacional, realizado com 85 enfermeiros e 85 técnicos de enfermagem, utilizando o Questionário de Autopercepção do Enfermeiro no Exercício da Liderança, o Questionário de Percepção do Técnico e Auxiliar de Enfermagem no Exercício da Liderança e as subescalas Clima de segurança e Satisfação no trabalho. As relações entre as respostas dos profissionais foram avaliadas pelo teste de Mann Whitney e coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados Os enfermeiros alcançaram maiores médias nas quatro dimensões da Liderança coaching, sendo que, em três, as diferenças foram significantes (p < 0,05). As dimensões da Liderança coaching obtiveram correlações positivas e significantes com as subescalas Clima de segurança e Satisfação, sendo a maioria de moderada magnitude. Conclusão A autopercepção dos enfermeiros, com relação ao exercício da liderança, foi mais positiva do que a avaliação dos técnicos. Quanto mais o enfermeiro exercer as dimensões da Liderança coaching, melhores serão o clima de segurança e a satisfação da equipe.
Behaviour of the integral bridge under multi-component earthquakes
Authors: Kumbhojkar Kedar , Shrimali Mahendra K. , Bharti Shiv D. , Datta Tushar K.
Published: July 2021

The performance of integral bridges subjected to a multi-component earthquake has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, the responses of an integral bridge subjected to three-component far- and near-field earthquakes are determined to evaluate its relative structural advantages and disadvantages over a conventional bridge. Further, the effect of the interaction between the internal forces in the three directions on the total responses or yielding due to simultaneous application of the three components of an earthquake is investigated. For this purpose, two geometrically comparable bridges, one integral and other conventional, are analysed under far- and near-field earthquakes using SAP2000. The parameters varied are the type of ground motion, peak ground acceleration and orientation of the major horizontal component of the ground motion. Seismic demand parameters include the maximum bending moment in the girders, maximum moments at the top and bottom of piers, displacements in three directions and the plastic hinges formed. The results of the analysis show that the deck of the integral bridge has smaller displacements when compared with the conventional bridge. A greater number of plastic hinges are formed in the integral bridge, but the degree of damage shown by the hinge rotations in the conventional bridge is greater.
Failure envelopes of pile groups under inclined and eccentric load
Authors: Iovino M. , Maiorano R. M. S. , de Sanctis L. , Aversa S.
Published: July 2021

A novel numerical procedure for defining failure envelopes of pile groups under inclined and eccentric load is proposed. The starting point is a closed-form exact solution for interaction diagram of pile groups under combined axial-moment loading recently published in the literature. Failure envelopes in the generalised force space are then derived as an extension of this solution by means of an incremental algorithm. It is shown that the axial load at foundation level has always a beneficial effect on the lateral capacity of the pile group, even if this favourable effect is often neglected in practice. On the contrary, the amount of interaction between the horizontal and moment components of the resultant action at failure is usually very small, with the exception of piles groups with end-bearing piles. Some example applications of the proposed method are provided and a simple, yet reliable procedure for ultimate limit-state analysis of pile groups subjected to inclined and eccentric loads is suggested.
Emirdağ İlçesinde Yaşayanları Göçe Zorlayan Temel Sebepler
Authors: ŞAHBAZ Hüseyin
Published: July 2021

1965 yılından itibaren, gerek Belçika başta olmak üzere Batı Avrupa ülkelerine ve gerekse Eskişehir başta olmak üzere Türkiye’de sanayinin geliştiği şehirlere, Emirdağ ilçesinden yoğun bir göç yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Emirdağlıları göçe zorlayan temel sebepleri ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma kapsamında literatür taraması yapılarak konuyla ilgili veriler temin edilmiştir. Metin analizi yöntemiyle gözden geçirilen bu verilerden şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: Emirdağ’ın fazla göç vermesinin altında yatan en önemli sebep olarak bu ilçenin bulunduğu sahaya geçmişte yapılan göçleri göstermek mümkündür. Nitekim 1730 yılında Rakka sancağından Anadolu’ya gelen göçebe Türkmenler, 1830-1835 yılları arasında Rusların Karabağ’dan Osmanlı topraklarına sürgün ettiği Türklerin bir kısmı ve 1878-1913 yılları arasında Osmanlı’nın Balkanlarda kaybettiği topraklardan göç etmek zorunda kalanların bir kısmı olmak üzere araştırma sahasında üç büyük iskân olayı yaşanmıştır. Bu olaylar sonrasında sahada bir yandan pek çok yeni yerleşme kurulurken öte yandan da var olanların nüfusuna yenileri eklenmiştir. Bundan başka cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren Türkiye’de pronatalist bir politikanın uygulanması sonucunda, yarı kurak karasal iklimin etkili olduğu ve ekonominin de tarım ve hayvancılığa dayandığı, sahadaki fiziki çevre şartları artan nüfusun geçimini karşılamanın sınırlarına ulaşmıştır. Böyle bir zamanda bir yandan tarımda makineleşmenin yaygınlık kazanması ve öte yandan da miras yoluyla tarım arazilerinin parçalanması, 1965 yılı civarında pek çok yetişkinin işsiz kalarak Emirdağ ilçesinden göç etmesine sebep olmuştur.
Integration of complete elemental mass-balanced stoichiometry and aqueous-phase chemistry for bioprocess modelling of liquid and solid waste treatment systems − Part 2: Bioprocess stoichiometry
Authors: CJ Brouckaert  , GA Ekama  , BM Brouckaert  , DS Ikumi
Published: July 2021

Bioprocesses interact with the aqueous environment in which they take place. Integrated bioprocess and three-phase (aqueous−gas−solid) multiple strong and weak acid/base system models are currently being developed for a range of wastewater treatment applications including anaerobic digestion, biological sulphate reduction, autotrophic denitrification, biological desulphurization and plant-wide water and resource recovery facilities. In order to model, measure and control such integrated systems, a thorough understanding of the interactions between the bioprocesses and aqueous phase multiple strong and weak acid/bases are required.  In the first of this series of five papers, the generalized procedure for deriving bioprocess stoichiometric equations was explained. This second paper presents the stoichiometric equations for the major biological processes and shows how their structure can be analysed to provide insight into how bioprocesses interact with the aqueous environment. Such insight is essential for confident, effective and reliable use of model development protocols and algorithms. It shows that the composite parameters, total oxygen demand (TOD, electron donating capacity) and alkalinity (proton accepting capacity), are conserved in bioprocess stoichiometry and their changes in the aqueous phase can be calculated from the bioprocess components. In the third paper, the measurement of the organics composition is presented. The link between the modelling and measurement frameworks of the aqueous phase, which uses the composite parameter alkalinity, is described in the fourth paper. Aqueous ionic speciation modelling is described in detail in the fifth.
Chemical composition of rain at a regional site on the South African Highveld
Authors: L Kok  , PG van Zyl  , JP Beukes  , J-S Swartz  , RP Burger  , Suria Ellis  , M Josipovic  , V Vakkari  , L Laakso  , M Kulmala
Published: July 2021

Relatively limited data have been published on the chemical composition of wet deposition for South Africa, which is considered an important source region for atmospheric pollutants.  Concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of ionic species determined in rain samples collected from December 2014 to April 2018 at a regional site, Welgegund, are presented, and contextualised by wet deposition composition in the north-eastern interior of South Africa.  89% of rain samples collected during the sampling period complied with the data quality objectives of the World Meteorological Organisation.  The total ionic concentration of rainwater at Welgegund was similar to that at two regional sites located within proximity of industrial activities. The pH of rainwater (4.80) was comparable to that determined at two rural background sites, which indicated increased neutralisation.  Similarly to the other sites located in the South African interior, SO42- was the most abundant species in rain, with concentrations thereof in the same order as SO42- levels determined at the two industrially influenced sites.  Lower sulphur and nitrogen fluxes at Welgegund were attributed to lower average annual rainfall.  The anthropogenic (industrial) source group had the largest contribution to wet deposition chemical composition, which signified the influence of major source regions in the South African interior that impact Welgegund.  Relatively large contributions were also calculated from marine and crustal sources.  The influence of agricultural activities was also evident, while biomass burning had the lowest contribution due to open biomass burning occurring mainly during the dry season.
Lunar illumination shapes small mammal activity in lowland agricultural landscapes
Authors: Soulsbury Carl
Published: July 2021

The behavioural patterns of small mammalian prey species have been shown to be widely impacted by predator avoidance. Cues to avoid predation may come from the predator itself or environmental cues, such as moonlight and available vegetative cover. We investigated how the activity of the bank vole Myodes glareolus, field vole Microtus agrestis, wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus and the common shrew Sorex araneus were impacted by changes in habitat and lunar light conditions across a range of habitats (mainly grassland protected sites) in Lincolnshire (UK). Microhabitat vegetation density as well as weather conditions were recorded across all trap sites, with Longworth traps set overnight and the successfully captured species recorded the following morning. Overnight temperature was found to positively influence capture rate across all species. The lunar phase was found to significantly impact capture rate, with the gibbous lunar phase providing the highest capture rate across species. The interaction between illumination and vegetation density was also found to impact activity levels in the bank vole and wood mouse, with the bank vole showing higher activity in thick vegetation at low light levels and across habitats at higher light levels, whereas wood mice were more often captured in intermediate cover at low and intermediate illumination but across a range of habitats at brighter illumination. In combination, it suggests that small mammal activity is altered to potentially reduce predation risk. However, in this community at least, brighter lunar illumination leads to increase activity.
Melatonin’in Tatlısu İstakozu (Pontastacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) Yavrularında Gelişim, Hayatta Kalma Oranı ve Bağışıklık Yanıtı Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: ÖZKÖK Remziye , AKTAŞ Mevlüt , EROL Kamile , DIDINEN Behıre , CEYLAN Mustafa , ÇETİNKAYA Soner , UZUNMEHMETOĞLU Oğuz Yaşar , ÇINAR Şakir , CAVDAR Nuran , PAZAR Mehmet
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı melatoninin, Pontastacus leptodactylus yavrularının (II-IV. dönem) gelişim, hayatta kalma oranı ve bağışıklık yanıtı (total hemosit sayısı) üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Melatonin dozları 0, 0,5, 1, 2, 4 mg / kg oranında deneme yemine ilave edilerek 4 tekerrürlü 5 ayrı grup şeklinde deneme grupları oluşturulmuştur. Denemeler, II. Dönem P. leptodactylus yavruları ile kurulmuş ve 60 gün süre ile besleme yapılmıştır. Deneme süresince günde bir kez %50 oranında su değişimi ve sürekli bir havalandırma sağlanmıştır. Stok yoğunluğu her deneme tekerrürü için 20 yavru olarak belirlenmiştir. Yavrular, günde bir kez canlı ağırlıklarının %5’i oranında beslenmiştir. Yavruların başlangıç ortalama ağırlık ve total boyları 34 ± 4 mg ve 11,6 ± 0,4 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Deneme sonunda en yüksek ortalama total boy 22,0 ± 3,6 mm olarak 2 mg/kg melatonin içeren grupta, en iyi ortalama canlı ağırlık 216 ± 116 mg olarak 4 mg/kg melatonin grubunda, en iyi yaşama oranı %44,4 ± 13,9 olarak 2 mg / kg melatonin doz grubunda ve en yüksek ortalama total hemosit miktarı ise 2,27 ± 0,49 x 106 hücre/ml olarak yine 2 mg/kg melatonin doz grubunda elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte gruplar arasındaki farklar istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmamıştır (p > 0,05). Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada P. leptodactylus yavrularının gelişim, hayatta kalma oranı ve bağışıklık yanıtı üzerinde melatonin katkılı yemler ile beslemenin önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Length-Weight Relationship of 15 Different Freshwater Fish Species in the Gediz River Basin (Turkey) Lentic System
Authors: GÜÇLÜ Salim Serkan , KÜÇÜK Fahrettin
Published: July 2021

The aim of study is to determine the length-weight relationship of freshwater fish species in the Gediz River basin lentic system. Fish samples were collected between November 2016 and April 2017 using multi mesh gillnets and beach seine nets from six different locations in the Gediz River basin lentic system. Length–weight relationship was estimated for 15 fish species (Luciobarbus lydianus, Barbus pergamonensis, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio, Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus, Alburnus battalgilae, Squalius fellowesii, Chondrostoma holmwoodii, Vimba vimba, Rhodeus amarus, Pseudorasbora parva, Atherina boyeri, Cobitis kurui, Gambusia holbrooki and Knipowitschia mermere), belonging to 8 different families (Cyprinidae, Leuciscidae, Acheilognothidae, Gobionidae, Atherinidae, Cobitidae, Poeciliidae, Gobiidae). Computed exponent b and R2 values ranged from 1.9348 to 4.3466 and 0.7072 to 0.9986, respectively. In the study, a longer maximum length value was determined for the two species than reported in the literature. In addition, this study presents the first records of LWR parameters for four endemic species in the basin.
Post-Industrial Challenges In Modern South Korea: Educational Pressures And Their Impact On Young People
Authors: Henao Ruiz Evelyn
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the role of the educational system in modern South Korea and its effects on young students. It takes a threefold approach: Starting off with a historical background about education as the backbone for South Korea’s rapid economic growth during the 70s and 80s, followed by an in-detail approach to the current educational system and its high-pressure context. Afterwards, the effects on youth deriving from this particular background are 24 MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO | Vol. 10, No. 18 explored from a social, cultural, and demographic standpoint, closing up with the actions taken by the government to tackle this national issue. Last, but not least, based on the quantitative and qualitative work of previous authors, this paper concludes with an insight of recommendations and the importance of addressing limitations and acknowledging gaps, as a step to effective measures that offer social welfare for future generations.
Hungary as a Norm Entrepreneur in Migration Policy
Authors: Czina Veronika
Published: July 2021

This paper analyses Hungary as a small state within the EU and the policy it applied during the refugee crisis of 2015/2016 that changed the landscape both on the European and Hungarian level. During the crisis, Hungary acted as a small, interest-maximizing Member State constrained by domestic political interests and it did not only refuse to participate in common European policy proposals to solve the crisis, but it also engaged in unilateral actions perceived as solutions, such as erecting a border wall on the Southern border of Hungary. This paper examines how Hungary acted during the refugee crisis with the help of small state theories. Presenting the events, legislative changes and discourses surrounding migration policy in the past years will show that Hungary managed to take advantage of the refugee crisis by acting as a norm entrepreneur which gave the Prime Minister the opportunity to articulate his own views and convictions about the right way to solve the crisis and also about the future of the EU as a whole. Many EU Member States joined Hungary in its migration strategy and so it became the leading country of the anti-immigration block in Europe.
Are anti-immigrant attitudes the Holy Grail of populists? : A comparative analysis of attitudes towards immigrants, values, and political populism in Europe
Authors: Messing Vera , Ságvári Bence
Published: July 2021

In this paper we aim to discuss attitudes towards immigrants in a European context and analyse drivers of anti-immigrant attitudes such as the feeling of control, basic human values, political orientation and preferences related to right-wing populism. Based on data from the European Social Survey, we first describe how attitudes of people in Europe changed throughout a period of almost two decades (between 2002 and 2018). We will show that although attitudes are influenced by a number of demographic and subjective features of individuals, on the macro-level they seem to be surprisingly stable, yet hide significant cross-country differences. Then, we zoom in to the three most significant elements influencing attitudes towards immigrants: the feeling of control, basic human values, and political orientation. Applying a multi-level model we test the validity of three theories about factors informing attitudes towards immigrants—competition theory, locus of control, and the role of basic human values—and include time (pre- and post-2015 refugee-crisis periods) into the analysis. In the discussion we link ESS data to recent research on populism in Europe that categorizes populist parties across the continent, and establish that the degree to which anti-migrant feelings are linked to support for political populism varies significantly across European countries. We show that right-wing populist parties gather and feed that part of the population which is very negative towards migrants and migration in general, and this process is also driven by the significance awarded the value of security vis-à-vis humanitarianism.
Why Defend Something I Don’t Agree with? Conflicts within the Commission and Legislative Amendments in Trilogues
Authors: Laloux Thomas , Panning Lara
Published: July 2021

This article aims to examine the effect of intra-institutional conflicts in the European Commission on the extent of changes made to legislative proposals in trilogue negotiations. We develop and test three hypotheses related to how conflicts within the Commission, namely that intra-institutional disagreements during policy formulation (h1), and potential conflicts with previous (h2) or subsequent (h3) colleges of commissioners, increase the number of amendments to the Commission’s proposal adopted in trilogues. To test our hypotheses, we use a new dataset measuring the number of changes between Commission proposals and adopted legislation for 216 legislative acts negotiated between 2012 and 2019 by means of text-mining techniques. It is important to note that we control for differences between the Commission’s proposals and the co-legislators’ positions in order to distinguish between an effect on preferences anticipation and on the negotiations proper. Our results indicate that intra-institutional conflicts affect the Commission’s anticipation of the co-legislators’ positions. The effect on its behaviour in trilogues, that is, after the legislative proposal has been tabled, is less clear. Regarding the latter, only the number of Directorates-General involved is significantly linked with the number of amendments tabled. These findings suggest that while intra-institutional disagreements affect the Commission’s role in trilogues, the range of preferences is more important than the intensity of conflicts.
Evolution of Domestic Procedural Science
Authors: Belyaev V. P. , Nintsieva T. M.
Published: July 2021

The paper analyzes a number of the most significant works of procedural law scholars, experts in legal process and procedural form, which made it possible to trace the evolution of the domestic procedural law science, including pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern periods. Each of these periods is characterized in relation to the specific works of a number of authors. The domestic procedural science originates from the unity of three processes: civil, criminal and administrative, and the tendency to create a single procedural or judicial law. The main conclusion is that today the procedural science lags behind the substantive science, especially the general legal processology. Therefore, there is a need to develop a general legal theory of procedural legal regulation, which will facilitate not only further scientific development of the problem of legal regulation in general, but also will meet the practical needs.
Criminal Law Risks when Using Unmanned Vehicles
Authors: Kochoi S. M.
Published: July 2021

The use of many achievements of the scientific and technological revolution contains risks, including criminal ones. However, this circumstance cannot serve as an obstacle to progress, the instruments of which are these achievements. Obviously, criminal prosecution can only take place when reasonable and minimum requirements are not observed to prevent harm from being caused in a situation in which it should not be done. At the very least, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should not interfere with progress, but as a maximum should help it. The norms on unmanned vehicles proposed in the criminal law literature to supplement the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are intended to serve this purpose. These vehicles imply any unmanned vehicles (UV), primarily autonomous vehicles (AV) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), unmanned aircraft (UA). A critical analysis of these norms allows us to assert that there is no need to create our own criminal law definition of an unmanned vehicle. It is enough to use the definition that exists in the field-specific, transport legislation. The author rejects an idea to supplement the body of a crime provided for by individual articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the classifying element “committing a crime with the use of a UAV”. The author finds reasonable to supplement article 63 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with a rule granting the court the right to decide at its own discretion in what kind of crime the use of the UV (AV, UAV, UA, etc.) should be considered an aggravating circumstance.
Tıpta uzmanlık alanlarının toplumsal cinsiyet açısından değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Necla , ALKAN Ahmet , ERTÜMER Ayşe Gülen , KUH Zeynep
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Araştırma ile tıpta uzmanlık alanlarının toplumsal cinsiyete göre farklılık arz edip etmediğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca, uzmanlık alanlarının, yan dal uzmanlık alanlarının, hekimlerin unvanı ve hastanenin mülkiyetinin cinsiyete göre farklılık arz edip etmediğinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikte tasarlanan araştırma ile Türkiye’deki 88 kamu ve vakıf üniversitesine bağlı tıp fakültesinde görev yapan 23.473 hekim belirli kriterlere göre incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Kadın hekimler Tıbbi Patoloji, Deri ve Zührevi Hastalıklar, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji, Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon, Aile Hekimliği; erkek hekimler ise Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji, Üroloji, Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisi, Genel Cerrahi, Kalp Damar Cerrahisi, Plastik, Rekonstrüktif ve Estetik Cerrahi, Kardiyoloji, Kulak Burun Boğaz Hastalıkları, Göğüs Cerrahisi, Ağız, Yüz ve Çene Cerrahisi alanlarında yoğunlaşmışlardır. Branşlara göre kadın ve erkek hekimler arasındaki bu farklılaşma istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Dahili, cerrahi ve temel tıp bilimlerinin cinsiyete göre dağılımları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iken, yan dal uzmanlık alanlarındaki bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir.

Sonuç: Temel uzmanlık alanları arasında toplumsal cinsiyete göre farklılaşma görülmektedir. Cerrahi branşlara yönelik erkeksilik, dahili ve temel tıp branşlarına yönelik ise kadınsılık algısı vardır ve hekimlerin uzmanlık alanı tercihlerinin toplumun onlara yüklediği cinsiyetçi rollerden bağımsız olmadığı söylenebilir..
Research on a feature extraction method for local faults in planetary gearboxes based on improved dynamic time warping
Authors: Zhiwu Shang , Yan Yu , Rui Geng , Maosheng Gao , Wanxiang Li
Published: July 2021

Aiming at the local fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox gears, a feature extraction method based on improved dynamic time warping (IDTW) is proposed. As a calibration matching algorithm, the dynamic time warping method can detect the differences between a set of time-domain signals.
This paper applies the method to fault diagnosis. The method is simpler and more intuitive than feature extraction methods in the frequency domain and the time-frequency domain, avoiding their limitations and disadvantages. Due to the shortcomings of complex calculation, singularity and poor
robustness, the paper proposes an improved method. Finally, the method is verified by envelope spectral feature analysis and the local fault diagnosis of gears is realised.
A point sound source location and detection method based on 19-element hemispheric distributed acoustic pressure sensor array
Authors: Liu Zhaoting , Zou Longqing , Liu Xianglou , Qiao Jiale , Meng Xiangbin
Published: July 2021

To solve the key problem of diagnosing the operating condition of an oil transfer pump unit in a 3D closed space, this paper presents an approach for a point sound source location and detection method based on a hemispheric distributed sound pressure sensor array. The array model consists
of 19 sound pressure sensors acting in the radial direction and uniformly distributed over the hemispherical surface. A spatial rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the projection point of the central sensor arranged at the apex of the hemisphere to the ground as the origin
of the spatial coordinates. With reference to the central sensor, the point sound source is located by selecting the maximum measured sound level and its spatial coordinate in each of the three layers of sensors surrounding it as parameters and using a triangular or a quadrilateral area location
algorithm based on virtual instrument technology. According to the location of the source, the A-weighted sound level of the sound source point is derived by the inversion of the sound field distribution law. Results show that the triangular and quadrilateral area location algorithms are both
effective. The errors in location become larger for a measured sound source far from the centre.
Visual Semiology in Architectural Design
Authors: Köksal Fatma Nazlı , Doğan Hasan
Published: July 2021

Beyond being a shelter, houses are such structures which obtain meanings shaped by the influence of culture, particularly reflecting the society’s socio-cultural structure. As a time-khronos and space-topos pattern, the houses reflect the characteristics of the culture or ethnic group which they are part of, while on the other hand, they reflect the images of the individual's essence as a communicative action. The effect of climate and typology, which are physical components of culture, as well as social components of culture, such as value systems, belief, lifestyle and habits, are cardinal factors in the formation of traditional houses. In this respect, traditional structures are visual representation spaces that narrates their own story, like verbal culture, and they convey their unique codes through visuality. This study, which discusses traditional architecture as a cultural text, aims to reveal traditional Urfa houses through analytical readings, within the context of visual semiology. The samples selected within the scope of the study will be evaluated according to the context of stylistic features they are part of, such as plan and spatial perspective, the location of the houses, and detections regarding the visual culture will be discussed through the cultural and architectural design approach of Umberto Eco.
Analysis of Advertisements from Different Sectors in Turkey within the Context of Gender Equality
Authors: Akpınar Mustafa Eren
Published: July 2021

The concept of gender equality, which is among the most frequently discussed topics in our country, especially in recent years, appears as an area that has been examined intensively in the national agenda. As a result, different discussions may arise about the conceptual dimension. Even today, gender equality can often be confused with different disciplines. The best example of this is the misconception of the concept of feminism as gender equality. However, contrary to popular belief, feminism does not have the same meaning as gender equality. Although feminism is related to gender equality, they are not really substitute terms. Nevertheless, in many articles or researches, it can be seen that they are described as if they were the same. And yet, when the recent studies on gender equality are examined, these misunderstandings are observed to have begun to be overcome. At the same time, awareness is raised about gender equality thanks to these contents, and it is gradually increasing with the support of non-governmental organizations, big brands and platforms. The biggest indicator of this increase is the increased number of advertisements based on gender equality and the granting of awards related on the topic. For this reason, within the scope of this study, literature review is conducted on the advertisements that ranked in the category of Gender Equality at the 2019 Crystal Apple Award Ceremony and semiotic analysis methods, and interpretations are made on the advertisement pillar of the gender equality movement and the perception of gender in our country.
Reflections of Epidemic Diseases in Dystopic Works: An Example of "An Trial of Blindness"
Authors: Ceylan Yağmur
Published: July 2021

Throughout human history of mankind, many epidemics have arisen, and these diseases have been frequently the subject of novels and movies. The spread of the Covid-19 virus has caused the works on epidemic diseases to come back to the agenda and it has caused to be reconsidered for this issue in the new period works. One of these literary works, the novel “Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira” (Blindness) which is written by Saramago in 1995, is essentially a dystopian work that seeks an answer to “Well, what if all people suddenly went blind for no reason?”. While the author deals with the conflicts in the modern world, the collapse of conscience and moral values through the image of blindness, at the same time he is striving to give aesthetic pleasure to the reader. The work, which has also been adapted to cinema with the same name, maintains actuality even today. This study consists of comparison between the novel “Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira” (Blindness) and the movie Blindness (2008) which was originally adapted to the novel. Literature review, textual analysis and content analysis were used as methods. The comparison is based on the discussion of the social effects of the COVID-19 virus which emerged in 2020 and spread all over the world.
Analysis of Emotional Approach of Digital Surveillance in Film Studies
Authors: Yılmaz Selin , Yengin Deniz
Published: July 2021

Human is a social being, and needs communication to convey feelings, thoughts, beliefs, and ideologies to survive. Despite being man-made, machines do not have any feelings. However, the development of artificial intelligence poses a suggestion that machines can also think, and feel. The development of new communication technologies reveals the importance of the relationship between machines and humans. People can control the machine/robot with voice commands or hand-face-eye scans. The data processed in the machine memory can be interpreted with other algorithms and instantly give the needed information. The machine that processes the reaction of the individual sometimes may be protective for itself and the individual, and sometimes, a shadow. By recognizing the individual, the machine can turn into a dangerous and useful tool. Makine işlediği verileri saklayıp, depolamakta ve kayıt altına almaktadır. The data is protected by a machine-built firewall. However, if these data are captured, internal and external surveillance is inevitable. Nowadays, in terms of the ecology of communication, new media tools ensure the continuity of communication and facilitate the individual's socialization. In addition, the machines add speed to the life of the individual over time and space. In this study, the character structures of the machine are examined and its importance in terms of digital surveillance is revealed. The aim is to evaluate the machine in terms of digital surveillance by revealing that the machine can be protective, shadow, friend, or dangerous for the individual with the concept of artificial intelligence. In this study, the emotional intelligence of the machine and the concept of digital surveillance will be analyzed using the content analysis method and semiotics technique. In the research, randomly picked 5 Hollywood films (Ex Machina, I Robot, Bicentennial Man, Transcendence, Eagle Eye) will be analysed according to the character analysis of Jung, and the different aspects of the human and machine will be determined by making use of the emotional side of the machine and the fundamental oppositions of Barthes. In these films, the forms of the machine are different, and it is noteworthy that they have protective and shadow characters. The machine becomes dangerous by acting with its emotions. As a result, it has been revealed that the machine/robot reacts according to the data and has an important aspect in terms of digital surveillance since the machine is constantly evolving with the power of artificial intelligence, and this development makes it easier to access other tools and facilitate digital surveillance. In the eagle eye film, the machine can make digital surveillance using all the camera systems in the city.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF GLUTATHIONE ON CASPASE SYSTEM AND OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE IN HIGH GLUCOSE CONDITION
Authors: YAYCI Gülay , DEDE Semiha , USTA Ayşe , YÜKSEK Veysel , ÇETİN Sedat
Published: July 2021

This study was planned to investigate the effects of glutathione, known to be a strong antioxidant, on caspase-dependent apoptosis and oxidative DNA damage in the kidney cells (BHK-21) exposed to high glucose. BHK-21 cell line was cultivated by regular passages in vitro conditions. Study groups were set up as control, study and its combinations groups ((Glucose; (285 mM, HG), glutathione (250 µM)). After 24 hours of incubation, trypsinized cells were disrupted by freeze-thaw method and analyte was prepared. Caspase 3, 8, 9, M30 and 8-OHdG (oxidative DNA damage marker) levels were determined using commercial ELISA kits. M30, caspase 3, 8 and 9 which are the parameters of apoptosis, were found highest in the HG group. In GSH-treated groups, these parameters decreased slightly. There was no significant difference in the levels of 8-OHdG which is the indicator of oxidative DNA damage.
Incidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Pediatric ward in General hospital, Bhopal (M.P)
Authors: Shrivastava Shipra
Published: July 2021

To determine the incidence of HBV and HCV in pediatric ward in Rajeev Gandhi General Hospital and College, Bhopal. (M.P.) Viral hepatitis caused by HCV and HBV represents a major public health problem in India. These viruses share common modes of transmission, as parenteral route.

Hospital base study of pediatric cases admitted to hospital during a period from March 2019 to February 2020. Pediatric cases were studied for the incidence of HBsAg and HCV Ab by ELISA, Rapid technique. The positive result was confirmed with line immuno-assay.

The study showed positive HBsAg in 12 patients and HCV in 2 cases out 25 cases represented with acute hepatitis from a total of 1762 pediatric cases were submitted in this study, with incidence rate of 0.68% and 0.11% respectively.

: The incidence of HBV and HCV are low, therefore active program need to be applied to control the spread of infection among the population.
Uruguay Sustainable Development Report 2021
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Sustainable Development Solutions Network
Published: July 2021

This report presents a special edition of the SDG Index and Dashboards. Uruguay is benchmarked against OECD countries using a specific set of SDG indicators available for these countries. Due to time lags in data generation and reporting, the SDG Index and Dashboard for Uruguay do not reflect the impact of Covid-19. The projection of country trajectories based on recent progress (business-as-usual scenarios) may not provide a realistic sense of the likely future, as Covid-19 risks changing trajectories relating to many SDGs. Nevertheless, the Index and Dashboard remain useful for understanding goal-by-goal the progress of Uruguay, compared with other countries. The SDG data and Six Transformations Framework presented in this report can help identify pre-crisis vulnerabilities and challenges faced by Uruguay and also provide a useful framework for informing the long-term recovery from Covid-19.
Postulaty Soboru Watykańskiego II dotyczące stosunków pomiędzy Kościołem katolickim i państwem w nauczaniu papieża Franciszka
Authors: Stępień Jakub
Published: July 2021

Integralną częścią prac Soboru Watykańskiego II stało się określenie stosunku wspólnoty kościelnej do państwa. Ojcowie soborowi wypracowali katalog konkretnych zasad, według których powinny być kształtowane relacje na linii Kościół katolicki–państwo. Doktryna soborowa stanowi obecnie podstawę papieskiego nauczania. Kolejni biskupi Rzymu nie poprzestali jednakże wyłącznie na kontynuowaniu przekazywania nauki soborowej, ale starali się ją rozwinąć. Również papież Franciszek podejmuje działania zmierzające do pogłębienia nauki soborowej w jej wybranych aspektach, w tym także kwestii relacji pomiędzy Kościołem i państwem.
Probiotics, Prebiotics, and COVID-19
Authors: Marzban Ameneh , Soleymani-Rad Masoud
Published: July 2021

The article’s abstract is not available.
Comparison of Nutrients Intake among Pregnant Anemic & Non-Anemic Women
Authors: Humayun Nouf , Bashir Shahid , Khalid Sidra
Published: July 2021

Background: Anemia, interpreted as a low blood hemoglobin values, was considered as a major health complication in the world.  However, anemia in pregnancy is a global public health problem in the developing countries, posing high risk of adverse results for expecting mothers as well as their fetus. The aim of study was to compare nutrients' intake among pregnant anemic & non-anemic women.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore over a period of 4 months. The data were collected from 150 pregnant women, including 75 anemic and 75 non-anemic women, through pre-tested questionnaire using non-probability convenient sampling method. Data were tabulated and analyzed with help of SPSS version 21.0.
Results: Analysis revealed that 34% of women had carbohydrate intake between 0-150 g/day, 44% had protein intake less than 50 g daily, and 36% had daily fat intake between 0-100 g/day. Moreover, 46.7% of the pregnant women were vitamins deficient, 51% were minerals deficient, 52% were iron deficient, 54.7% consumed tea with their meals, 44% had vitamin B3 intake less than 10 mg, 48% had vitamin C intake less than 50 mg, 48% had vitamin A intake between 0-500 RAE, 42% had calcium intake between 0-500 mg, and 31% had iron intake between 0-10 mg.
Conclusion: The findings showed that nutrient intake of anemic pregnant women was not sufficient in the protein rich diet; they had high consumption of tea with their meals. Their overall energy intake and micronutrients were less than the required as per recommended dietary allowance in pregnancy.
Letters to the Power in the Epistolary Heritage of F.M. Dostoevsky
Authors: Surovtseva Ekaterina V.
Published: July 2021

One of the urgent issues of modern Russian studies is the study of letters to the power of Russian writers. It is legitimate to single out these addresses in a special genre, which, in contrast to the genre of friendly writing, has practically not been studied. Fedor Dostoevsky wrote letters to Alexander I, V. A. Dolgorukov, A. E. Timashev, A. A. Suvorov, heir to the throne A. A. Romanov, and Grand Duke K. K. Romanov. Of particular note is the voluminous correspondence between Dostoevsky and K.P. Pobedonostsev – correspondence between a writer and an official of such a high rank is very rare (it should be noted that the addresser and the addressee were connected not only by business, but also by personal relations). The subjects of Dostoevsky’s letters to the authorities are very diverse – requests to move to the capital, creativity, literary and social life in Russia and Europe, the publication of “Citizen” and others. On the basis of F.M. Dostoevsky’s letters to the Emperor, the Tsareviches and their confidants of various ranks, one can trace the relationship with the authorities and clarify a number of already obtained facts and assessments. The messages of Russian writers to power are a special kind of epistolary genre that has both aesthetic value and is a historical document – evidence of the relationship between power and literature in our country. Obviously, the authorities were interested in cooperation with writers, and specific rulers showed interest in the work and in the personality of Dostoevsky.