bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anisomycin inhibits the activity of human ovarian cancer stem cells via regulating antisense RNA NCBP2‐AS2/MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling
Authors: Ling Lele , Wen Yichao , Xiong Ying , Liu Xin , Chen Juan , Liu Te , Zhang Bimeng
Published: July 2023

Background

Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) are the main cause of relapse and drug resistance in patients with ovarian cancer. Anisomycin has been shown to be an effective antitumor agent, but its mechanism of action in ovarian cancer remains elusive.

Methods

CD44+/CD133+ human OCSCs were isolated from human ovarian cancer tissues. OCSCs were interfered with using anisomycin and specific small‐interfering RNA (siRNA). Microarray assay, MTT, in vivo tumorigenic experiments, transwell assay, cell cycle assay, colony formation assay, angiogenesis assay, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to detect the mechanism of anisomycin with respect to inhibiting the activity of OCSCs. Expression of the NCBP2‐AS2/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway was examined using western blotting, a quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) and immunofluorescence staining. Bioinformatics analysis was used for predictive analysis of NCBP2‐AS2 expression in urogenital tumors.

Results

Microarray analysis showed that treatment with anisomycin significantly decreased the expression of antisense RNA NCBP2‐AS2 in OCSCs. In vitro cellular experiments showed that interfering with endogenous antisense RNA NCBP2‐AS2 using siRNA distinctly inhibited the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of OCSCs, whereas in vivo animal experiments revealed decreased tumorigenesis in nude mice. Moreover, the results of RT‐qPCR and western blotting demonstrated that both anisomycin treatment and NCBP2‐AS2 silencing led to significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression levels of NCBP2‐AS2, MEK, ERK and STAT3. From a bioinformatic point of view, antisense RNA NCBP2‐AS2 exhibited significantly differential expression between urogenital tumors and normal controls, and a similar expression pattern was found in the genes NCBP2, RPL35A, DNAJC19 and ECE2, which have similarity to NCBP2‐AS2.

Conclusions

Anisomycin suppresses the in vivo and in vitro activity of human OCSCs by downregulating the antisense RNA NCBP2‐AS2/MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway, whereas the antisense RNA NCBP2‐AS2 and genes with similarity have the potential to serve as markers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of urogenital tumors.
Variations of air temperature differences at different temporal scales over the Tibetan Plateau since 1961 and their possible causes
Authors: Lin Jingjing , Zhou Guangsheng , Zhang Qiang , Lv Xiaomin , Fang Feng , Zhao Guannan , Miao Ting
Published: July 2023

The air temperature difference is an essential indicator to measure weather and climate change. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a sensitive area to global climate change. The study on its temperature difference variations is of great significance for further understanding the evolution of weather and climate systems, and scientific disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, the spatio‐temporal evolution characteristics of the temperature difference on daily, monthly, seasonal and annual scales and their possible causes are analysed based on the daily observations at 59 meteorological stations over the TP from 1961 to 2020 and the circulation indexes such as the East Asian summer monsoon, South Asian summer monsoon, midlatitude westerly and TP summer monsoon. The results indicate that the diurnal temperature range (DTR) on the TP tends to decrease from 1961 to 2020. Compared with the situation in the late 20th century, the annual average of the DTR in the eastern TP turns from a nonsignificant increasing trend into a pronounced decreasing trend, while that in the western TP maintains a decreasing trend. This phenomenon is primarily influenced by the minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation and atmospheric circulations. The standardized temperature difference at different temporal scales shows decreasing trends and is distributed in north–south and east–west distribution patterns. The annual temperature range is mainly influenced by the remarkable increase of the minimum temperature, especially in the northern and southeastern TP. Besides, the increases of maximum temperature and precipitation also affect the annual temperature range. In terms of the seasonal temperature range, it is dramatically influenced by different meteorological factors, especially in the northern TP. The monthly temperature range (Mon‐TR) is dramatically influenced by the maximum and minimum temperature in the first and second half years, respectively. Moreover, the circulation systems, such as the midlatitude westerly, South Asian summer monsoon and TP summer monsoon, are the main influencing factors of the temperature difference variations on the TP. The midlatitude westerly have a large influence on Mon‐TR in June and September, and the significantly influenced stations reaches 54.2% and 35.6%. The impact stations of the TP summer monsoon on Mon‐TR is the largest in August, and the significantly influenced stations is 39%. In July, the influenced stations of the TP summer monsoon and South Asian summer monsoon on the Mon‐TR reaches 30.5%–33.9%. The influenced area of the Mon‐TR in June is largest affected by single summer monsoon or westerly index. Previous studies have shown that the warming mechanisms and their influencing factors have changed in the TP since the 21st century. The study results might provide the foundation for a scientific understanding of climate warming on the TP.
Platform evolution in large inter‐organizational collaborative research programs
Authors: Radaelli Giovanni , Spyridonidis Dimitrios , Currie Graeme
Published: July 2023

We examine the role of platform sponsors and program managers in evolving a platform to stimulate inter‐organizational collaboration in large research programs. Through a 5‐year longitudinal case study, we analyzed a large inter‐organizational collaborative research program in England, underpinned by the CLAHRC platform, sponsored by the NIHR. The research program attracted clinical academics in universities and clinical practitioners in a range of healthcare providers to collaborate in an ensemble of projects to drive evidence‐based care for patients with long‐term health conditions. Program managers struggled to facilitate collaboration through the platform, despite a highly decentralized governance approach. Our study identifies three mechanisms through which the platform sponsor and program managers revised the platform's governance strategies to enhance collaboration: (i) they instituted “interruptive events,” which routinely stopped projects, and analyzed if and why organizations struggle to collaborate; (ii) they expanded, rather than restricted, access rules for collaboration through “platform renting”; (iii) they re‐distributed, rather than re‐centralized, governance, to reduce unnecessary interdependences across collaborators attracted by the platform.
Application of small angle X‐ray scattering in exploring the effect of edible oils with different unsaturation FAs on bioaccessibility of stigmasterol oleate
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Tao , Wang Zhangtie , Guo Yiwen , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Phytosterol can improve its lipid solubility, lipophilic/hydrophilic balance and bioaccessibility by esterification with fatty acids, which increases its practical application range in the food industry. In the present study, small angle X‐ray scattering combined with the pH‐stat in vitro digestion model was applied to continuously monitor the molecular structure evolution of mixed micelles during digestion and investigate the effect of three edible oils (olive oil with 72.41 ± 0.57% oleic, sunflower seed oil with 63.45 ± 0.78% linoleic, refined linseed oil with 51.74 ± 0.34% linolenic) on bioaccessibility of stigmasterol oleate in vitro.

RESULTS

The release degree and rate of fatty acids in the three edible oil systems (kOO+ST‐OA = 0.0501, kSO+ST−OA = 0.0357, kLO+ST‐OA = 0.0323) was compared. The three different edible oils had similar impact on the formation of dietary mixed micelles during the simulatedin vitro digestion of stigmasterol oleate, although there were significant differences in molecular morphology and composition of mixed micelles. The results showed that the vesicles formed by linoleic oil (SO system) or linolenic oil (LO system) were easy to dissociate. The largest average number and diameter of vesicles (5.55 × 1016 cm−3 and 2230.75 Å), the most stable vesicle structure and the fastest fatty acid release rate were observed in the OO system.

CONCLUSION

Compared to linoleic (SO system) or linolenic (LO system), the oleic (OO system) could facilitate the transformation of micelles to vesicles and maintain the stability of its membrane, significantly promotin the dissolution of stigmasterol and improving bioaccessibility. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Iodine biofortification of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. cicla) and its wild ancestor sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) grown hydroponically as baby leaves: effects on leaf production and quality
Authors: Puccinelli Martina , Rosellini Irene , Malorgio Fernando , Pardossi Alberto , Pezzarossa Beatrice
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

About 35–45% of the global population is affected by iodine deficiency. Iodine intake can be increased through the consumption of biofortified vegetables. Given the increasing interest in wild edible species of new leafy vegetables due to their high nutritional content, this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. cicla) and its wild ancestor sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) to be fortified with iodine. Plants were cultivated hydroponically in a nutrient solution enriched with four different concentrations of iodine (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg L−1), and the production and quality of baby leaves were determined.

RESULTS

Sea beet accumulated more iodine than Swiss chard. In both subspecies, increasing the iodine concentration in the nutrient solution improved leaf quality as a result of greater antioxidant capacity – the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) index increased by 17% and 28%, at 0.5 and 1.5 mg L−1 iodine, respectively – the content of flavonoids (+31 and + 26%, at 1 and 1.5 mg L−1 of iodine, respectively), and the lower content of nitrate (−38% at 1.5 mg L−1 of iodine) and oxalate (−36% at 0.5 mg L−1 of iodine). In sea beet, however, iodine levels in the nutrient solution higher than 0.5 mg L−1 reduced crop yield significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

Both subspecies were found to be suitable for producing iodine‐enriched baby leaves. The optimal iodine levels in the nutrient solution were 1.0 in Swiss chard and 0.5 mg L−1 in sea beet, as crop yield was not affected at these concentrations and leaves contained enough iodine to satisfy an adequate daily intake with a serving of 100 g. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mie Scattering for Photonic Devices
Authors: Dorodnyy Alexander , Smajic Jasmin , Leuthold Juerg
Published: July 2023

Mie scattering is increasingly exploited to manipulate electromagnetic fields to achieve strong resonant enhancement, to obtain perfect absorption of radiation, and to generate polarization or wavelength selectivity and/or sensitivity. In fact, a multitude of photonic applications are arising that benefit from Mie scattering and have already led to the formation of novel image and hologram schemes or to the design of efficient and compact photodetectors and light sources. Here, the Mie scattering theory for spherical scatterers is reviewed, the basics of the field‐decomposition onto the Mie modes are shown, and dielectric and metallic particles are compared. Recent applications for light spectrum control, detection, non‐linear effects enhancement, and emission are reviewed. How a periodic arrangement of Mie‐scatterers can be utilized to create a strong (in the order of 10 to 100) absorption enhancement in otherwise weakly absorbing layers is also demonstrated. The enhancement dependence on the diameter‐to‐wavelength ratio of the scatterer is analyzed, and how the influence of different Mie‐modes can be distinguished in the periodic array by looking at the field components normal to the scatterer surface is discussed.
Structural characterisation of iron sulfide tribofilms formed on carbon and stainless steels
Authors: Miyajima Makoto , Yonemura Mitsuharu , Kitamura Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Keishi , Yagi Kazuyuki
Published: July 2023

This study investigated tribofilm layers formed under boundary lubrication using a polysulfide additive on S45C and SUS304 steel surfaces. In the tribotests, the friction coefficient of the SUS304 disc fluctuated and increased more gradually in comparison to that of the S45C disc. The tribofilm on the S45C disc comprised the outermost and inner layers of FeS2 (pyrite) and FeS (troilite), respectively. Notably, all the tribofilm layers on the SUS304 disc surface contained pyrite. The tribofilm on the SUS304 disc was weakly crystalline in the outermost layer and thinner than that on the S45C disc. The poor formation of the tribofilm on the SUS304 disc was potentially caused by the unstable friction coefficient and scuffing.
Electrospun Polymeric Fibers Decorated with Silk Microcapsules via Encapsulation and Surface Immobilization for Drug Delivery
Authors: Yang Lingbing , Zhang Yilin , Xiao Zeyun , Zhang Wenbo , Li Linhao , Fan Yubo
Published: July 2023

Hollow polymer microcapsules as drug carriers have the advantages of drug protection, storage, and controlled release. Microcapsules combined with tissue engineering scaffolds such as electrospun microfibers can enhance long‐term local drug retention. However, the combination methods of microcapsules and fibers still need to be further explored. Here, different technical approaches to functionalize electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers with silk fibroin (SF) microcapsules through encapsulation and surface immobilization are developed, including direct blending and emulsion electrospinning for encapsulation, as well as covalent and cleavable disulfide‐linkage for surface immobilization. The results of “blending” approach show that silk microcapsules with different sizes could be uniformly encapsulated inside electrospun fibers without aggregation. To further reduce the use of organic solvents, the microcapsules in the aqueous phase can be uniformly distributed in the PCL organic phase and successfully electrospun into fibers using surfactant span‐80. For surface immobilization, silk microcapsules are efficiently covalent binding to the surface of electrospun PCL fibers via click chemistry and exhibited noncytotoxic. Based on this method, with the incorporation of a disulfide bond, the linkages between microcapsule and fiber could be cleaved under reducing conditions. These microcapsule‐electrospun fiber combination methods provide sufficient options for different drug delivery requirements.
Thermally Reversible Cross‐Linking of Recyclable Polyamide Materials Based on Schiff Base and Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Wu Wenjin , Yang Han , Liu Jiakang , Luo Yiqian , Mo Guanhuan , Hu Zhigao , Zhang Lidong , Huang Kun
Published: July 2023

Recyclability of cross‐link polymer materials is essential to alleviate environmental pollution caused by discarded or damaged polymers. Herein, a facile method for producing recyclable polyamide materials is developed. Linear polymer chains are constructed by Schiff base reaction between glutaraldehyde (GD) and furandiamine (FD). The linear polymer chains are crosslinked by bismaleimide (BM) to give rise to polyamide material, named GF‐BMs. The resulting GF‐BMs polyamide material possesses strong tensile strength (78 MPa) and good solvent resistance from room temperature to 135 °C. Especially, the thermally reversible Diels–Alder covalent bonds and dynamic imine bonds in the polymer network have a synergistic effect on fast‐reprocessing, self‐healing, and recyclability, which provides a new idea for recyclable materials.
The ubiquitin‐specific protease 5 mediated deubiquitination of LSH links metabolic regulation of ferroptosis to hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Yan Bokang , Guo Jiaxing , Wang Zuli , Ning Jieling , Wang Haiyan , Shu Long , Hu Kuan , Chen Ling , Shi Ying , Zhang Lingqiang , Liu Shuang , Tao Yongguang , Xiao Desheng
Published: July 2023

Epigenetic regulators and posttranslational modifications of proteins play important roles in various kinds of cancer cell death, including ferroptosis, a non‐apoptotic form of cell death. However, the interplay of chromatin modifiers and deubiquitinase (DUB) in ferroptosis remains unclear. Here, we found that ubiquitin‐specific protease 5 (USP5) is regarded as a bona fide DUB of lymphoid‐specific helicase (LSH), a DNA methylation repressor, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Functional studies reveal that USP5 interacts with LSH and stabilizes LSH by a deubiquitylation activity‐dependent process. Furthermore, the USP5‐mediated deubiquitination of LSH facilitates the tumorigenesis of HCC by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) to suppress ferroptosis of liver cancer cells. Moreover, the USP5 inhibitor degrasyn inhibits DUB activities of USP5 to LSH to suppress the progression of HCC. Additionally, USP5 and LSH are positively correlated and both are overexpressed and linked to poor prognosis in HCC patients. Together, our findings show that USP5 interacts with LSH directly and enhances LSH protein stability through deubiquitination, which, in turn, promotes the development of HCC by suppressing ferroptosis of liver cancer cells, suggesting that USP5 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Interaction of Mitochondrial Polygenic Score and Lifestyle Factors in LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser Parkinsonism
Authors: Lüth Theresa , Gabbert Carolin , Koch Sebastian , König Inke R. , Caliebe Amke , Laabs Björn‐Hergen , Hentati Faycel , Sassi Samia Ben , Amouri Rim , Spielmann Malte , Klein Christine , Grünewald Anne , Farrer Matthew J. , Trinh Joanne
Published: July 2023

Background

A mitochondrial polygenic score (MGS) is composed of genes related to mitochondrial function and found to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk.

Objective

To investigate the impact of the MGS and lifestyle/environment on age at onset (AAO) in LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser parkinsonism (LRRK2‐PD) and idiopathic PD (iPD).

Methods

We included N = 486 patients with LRRK2‐PD and N = 9259 with iPD from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Parkinson's Disease Knowledge Platform (AMP‐PD), Fox Insight, and a Tunisian Arab‐Berber founder population. Genotyping data were used to perform the MGS analysis. Additionally, lifestyle/environmental data were obtained from the PD Risk Factor Questionnaire (PD‐RFQ). Linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between MGS, lifestyle/environment, and AAO.

Results

Our derived MGS was significantly higher in PD cases compared with controls (P = 1.1 × 10−8). We observed that higher MGS was significantly associated with earlier AAO in LRRK2‐PD (P = 0.047, β = −1.40) and there was the same trend with a smaller effect size in iPD (P = 0.231, β = 0.22). There was a correlation between MGS and AAO in LRRK2‐PD patients of European descent (P = 0.049, r = −0.12) that was visibly less pronounced in Tunisians (P = 0.449, r = −0.05). We found that the MGS interacted with caffeinated soda consumption (P = 0.003, β = −5.65) in LRRK2‐PD and with tobacco use (P = 0.010, β = 1.32) in iPD. Thus, patients with a high MGS had an earlier AAO only if they consumed caffeinated soda or were non‐smokers.

Conclusions

The MGS was more strongly associated with earlier AAO in LRRK2‐PD compared with iPD. Caffeinated soda consumption or tobacco use interacted with MGS to predict AAO. Our study suggests gene–environment interactions as modifiers of AAO in LRRK2‐PD. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Observing exocrine pancreas metabolism using a novel pancreas perfusion technique in combination with hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate
Authors: Rushin Anna , McLeod Marc A. , Ragavan Mukundan , Merritt Matthew E.
Published: July 2023

In a clinical setting, ex vivo perfusions are routinely used to maintain and assess organ viability prior to transplants. Organ perfusions are also a model system to examine metabolic flux while retaining the local physiological structure, with significant success using hyperpolarized (HP) 13C NMR in this context. We use a novel exocrine pancreas perfusion technique via the common bile duct to assess acinar cell metabolism with HP [1‐13C]pyruvate. The exocrine component of the pancreas produces digestive enzymes through the ductal system and is often neglected in research on the pancreas. Real‐time production of [1‐13C]lactate, [1‐13C]alanine, [1‐13C]malate, [4‐13C]malate, [1‐13C]aspartate, and H13CO3− was detected. The appearance of these resonances indicates flux through both pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase. We studied excised pancreata from C57BL/6J mice and NOD.Rag1−/−.AI4α/β mice, a commonly used model of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Pancreata from the T1D mice displayed increased lactate to alanine ratio without changes in oxygen consumption, signifying increased cytosolic NADH levels. The mass isotopologue analysis of the extracted pancreas tissue using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed confirmatory 13C enrichment in multiple TCA cycle metabolites that are products of pyruvate carboxylation. The methodology presented here has the potential to provide insight into mechanisms underlying several pancreatic diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.
Vascular differences between IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma and astrocytoma IDH‐mutant grade 4 at imaging and transcriptomic levels
Authors: Álvarez‐Torres María del Mar , López‐Cerdán Adolfo , Andreu Zoraida , de la Iglesia Vayá Maria , Fuster‐Garcia Elies , García‐García Francisco , García‐Gómez Juan M.
Published: July 2023

Global agreement in central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification is essential for predicting patient prognosis and determining the correct course of treatment, as well as for stratifying patients for clinical trials at international level. The last update by the World Health Organization of CNS tumor classification and grading in 2021 considered, for the first time, IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma and astrocytoma IDH‐mutant grade 4 as different tumors. Mutations in the genes isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 occur early and, importantly, contribute to gliomagenesis. IDH mutation produces a metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, thus affecting the processes of hypoxia and vascularity, resulting in a clear advantage for those patients who present with IDH‐mutated astrocytomas. Despite the clinical relevance of IDH mutation, current protocols do not include full sequencing for every patient. Alternative biomarkers could be useful and complementary to obtain a more reliable classification. In this sense, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐perfusion biomarkers, such as relative cerebral blood volume and flow, could be useful from the moment of presurgery, without incurring additional financial costs or requiring extra effort. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the vascular and hemodynamic differences between IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma and IDH‐mutant astrocytoma. To achieve this, we evaluate and validate the association between dynamic susceptibility contrast‐MRI perfusion biomarkers and IDH mutation status. In addition, to gain a deeper understanding of the vascular differences in astrocytomas depending on the IDH mutation, we analyze the transcriptomic bases of the vascular differences.
An iterative multi‐fidelity approach for model order reduction of multidimensional input parametric PDE systems
Authors: Chetry Manisha , Borzacchiello Domenico , Lestandi Lucas , Da Silva Luisa Rocha
Published: July 2023

We propose a parametric sampling strategy for reduction of large scale PDE systems with multidimensional input parametric spaces by leveraging models of different fidelity. The design of this methodology allows a user to adaptively sample points ad hoc from a discrete training set with no prior requirement of error estimators. It is achieved by exploiting low‐fidelity models throughout the parametric space to sample points using an efficient sampling strategy, and at the sampled parametric points, high‐fidelity models are evaluated to recover the reduced basis functions. The low‐fidelity models are then adapted with the reduced order models built by projection onto the subspace spanned by the recovered basis functions. The process continues until the low‐fidelity model can represent the high‐fidelity model adequately for all the parameters in the parametric space. Since the proposed methodology leverages the use of low‐fidelity models to assimilate the solution database, it significantly reduces the computational cost in the offline stage. The highlight of this article is to present the construction of the initial low‐fidelity model, and a sampling strategy based on the discrete empirical interpolation method. We test this approach on a 2D steady‐state heat conduction problem for two different input parameters and make a qualitative comparison with the classical greedy reduced basis method and with random selection of points. Further, we test the efficacy of the proposed method on a 9‐dimensional parametric non‐coercive elliptic problem and analyze the computational performance based on different tuning of greedy selection of points.
Creating the nursing care map in the evaluation of kidney transplant candidates: A scoping review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Pedreira‐Robles Guillermo , Garcimartín Paloma , Bach‐Pascual Anna , Giró‐Formatger Dolors , Redondo‐Pachón Dolores , Morín‐Fraile Victoria
Published: July 2023

Aims

To analyse the aspects involved in the care of individuals assessed as kidney transplant candidates and to identify the role of nurses in providing specialised care for this population.

Design

Scoping review. The results were summarised using a narrative synthesis technique.

Data Sources

A review of the literature published between 2001 and 2021 was conducted between October and November 2021 using PubMed, CINAHL and SciELO.

Review Methods

The research team agreed on a search strategy based on clinical practice guidelines for assessing kidney transplantation candidates. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies published in peer‐reviewed journals in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese were included.

Results

A total of 377 studies were identified, and 49 articles were included after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The narrative synthesis was structured into four themes: Physical needs; Psychological and quality of life needs; Education and adherence needs; and Nurses' role.

Conclusion

Nursing assessment of kidney transplantation candidates should encompass physical, psychosocial and adherence aspects. A variety of methodologies and resources are available for this assessment. Nurses contribute to coordinating access to kidney transplantation, aiming to improve adherence to an appropriate lifestyle to prevent patients from being excluded from kidney transplantation or suffering from kidney transplantation–related complications.

Impact

Based on our findings, we managed to design a nursing care map for kidney transplantation candidates combining the main elements of nursing care that should be incorporated into this process. Advanced practice nursing professionals play a crucial role in accessing renal transplant care.
Ru(phen)3Cl2‐Catalyzed Chlorotrifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Su Wenhao , Cui Jing , Zeng Runsheng
Published: July 2023

A novel Ru(phen)3Cl2‐catalyzed free‐radical chlorotrifluoromethylation reaction of unactivated olefins was investigated. Substituted 8‐aminoquinoline‐derived inert enamides were reacted with the Togni regent to afford a broad range of Cl‐containing trifluoromethyl derivatives in good yields. The reaction proceeded at 90 °C and experimental result shows that the chlorine source of the products originated from LiCl.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Cellular therapy and stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kitko Carrie L. , Bollard Catherine M. , Cairo Mitchell S. , Chewning Joseph , Fry Terry J. , Pulsipher Michael A. , Shenoy Shalini , Wall Donna A. , Levine John E.
Published: July 2023

Since the publication of the last Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Transplant blueprint in 2013, Children's Oncology Group cellular therapy‐based trials advanced the field and created new standards of care across a wide spectrum of pediatric cancer diagnoses. Key findings include that tandem autologous transplant improved survival for patients with neuroblastoma and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid brain tumors, one umbilical cord blood (UCB) donor was safer than two UCB donors, killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) mismatched donors did not improve survival for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia when in vivo T‐cell depletion is used, and the depth of remission as measured by next‐generation sequencing‐based minimal residual disease assessment pretransplant was the best predictor of relapse for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Plans for the next decade include optimizing donor selection for transplants for acute leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome, using novel engineered cellular therapies to target a wide array of malignancies, and developing better treatments for cellular therapy toxicities such as viral infections and graft‐vs‐host disease.
Development of chopped (non‐woven) carbon fiber reinforced composite sheet and its electrothermal performance for heating applications
Authors: Kaushal Shweta , K. Abhishek , Dhakate S. R.
Published: July 2023

Non‐woven carbon fiber sheet‐based heaters have been used for various thermal and material science applications, which possess rapid thermal heating at low input power. This work investigates the optimization of chopped carbon fiber composite sheet for heating applications. Here, different lengths of chopped carbon fiber have been used to fabricate the composite sheet. The parameters of composite sheets, such as morphology, porosity, electrical conductivity, mechanical property, and thermal stability, were studied. Besides, the electrothermal performance of prepared sheet heaters was investigated, and the results were compared at the input voltages of 10 and 12 V. The input power consumed by different sheet heaters was also investigated. The optimal chopped size of the carbon fiber composite sheet showed the highest surface thermal heating temperature of 245°C at 12 V.
Emotional distress in cancer survivors from various ethnic backgrounds: Analysis of the multi‐ethnic HELIUS study
Authors: Müller Fabiola , Veen Linde M. , Galenkamp Henrike , Jim Heather S. L. , Lok Anja , Nieuwkerk Pythia T. , Suurmond Jeanine , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Knoop Hans
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Insight into emotional distress of cancer survivors from ethnic minority groups in Europe is scarce. We aimed to compare distress levels of survivors from ethnic minorities to that of the majority population, determine whether the association between having cancer (yes vs. no) and distress differs among ethnic groups and investigate sociocultural correlates of distress.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data were derived from HELIUS, a multi‐ethnic cohort study conducted in the Netherlands. Of 19,147 participants, 351 were diagnosed with cancer (n = 130 Dutch, n = 75 African Surinamese, n = 53 South‐Asian Surinamese, n = 43 Moroccan, n = 28 Turkish, n = 22 Ghanaian). Distress (PHQ‐9, MCS‐12) and correlates were assessed by self‐report. Cancer‐related variables were derived from the Netherlands Cancer Registry.

Results

Survivors were on average 7 years post‐diagnosis. Survivors from South‐Asian Surinamese, Moroccan, Turkish and Ghanaian origin reported more distress than survivors from Dutch origin (effect sizerange: 0.44–1.17; adjusted models). The association between having cancer or not with distress differed in direction between Dutch and the non‐Dutch ethnic groups: Non‐Dutch cancer patients tended to have more distress than their cancer‐free peers, whereas Dutch cancer patients tended to have less distress than their cancer‐free peers. For Moroccan and Turkish patients, the acculturation style of separation/marginalization, compared to integration/assimilation, was associated with higher depressive symptoms. In analyses pooling data from all ethnic minorities, lower health literacy, lower emotional support satisfaction and younger age at the time of migration were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Lower health literacy, fewer emotional support transactions, and more frequent attendance at religious services were associated with worse mental health.

Conclusion

Cancer survivors from ethnic minorities experience more distress than those from the majority population. Culturally sensitive supportive care should be considered.
Fine‐scale environment control on ground surface temperature and thaw depth in a High Arctic tundra landscape
Authors: Khani Hadi Mohammadzadeh , Kinnard Christophe , Gascoin Simon , Lévesque Esther
Published: July 2023

Surface conditions are known to mediate the impacts of climate warming on permafrost. This calls for a better understanding of the environmental conditions that control the thermal regime and the depth of the active layer, especially within heterogeneous tundra landscapes. This study analyzed the spatial relationships between thaw depths, ground surface temperature (GST), and environmental conditions in a High Arctic tundra environment at Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada. Measurements were distributed within the two dominant landforms, namely earth hummocks and low‐center polygons, and across a topographic gradient. Our results revealed that GST and thaw depth were highly heterogeneous, varying by up to 3.7°C and by more than 20 cm over short distances (<1 m) within periglacial landforms. This microscale variability sometimes surpassed the variability at the hillslope scale, especially in summer. Late‐winter snowpack thickness was found to be the prime control on the spatial variability in winter soil temperatures due to the highly heterogeneous snow cover induced by blowing snow, and this thermal effect carried over into summer. However, microtopography was the predominant driver of the spatial variability in summer GST, followed by altitude and moss thickness. In contrast, the spatial variability in thaw depth was influenced predominantly by variations in moss thickness. Hence, summer microclimate conditions dominated active layer development, but a thicker snowpack favored soil cooling in the following summer, due to the later disappearance of snow cover. These results enhance our understanding of High Arctic tundra environments and highlight the complexity of considering surface feedback effects in future projections of permafrost states within heterogeneous tundra landscapes.
Identifying sustainability assessment parameters for genetically engineered agrifoods
Authors: Wei Wei , Grieger Khara , Cummings Christopher L. , Loschin Nick , Kuzma Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Societal Impact Statement

A diverse portfolio of genetically engineered food crops, as well as animal livestock and fish, are currently being developed and commercialized. To ensure their contributions to long‐term sustainability, a broad range of environmental, health, ethical, and societal parameters should be used in their evaluations. This paper proposes a set of parameters to evaluate the sustainability of genetically engineered food and agriculture products and discusses mechanisms to improve their governance and oversight. With such holistic evaluations, genetic engineering applications that are deemed beneficial to sustainable agriculture could be identified in an effort to foster sustainability.

To achieve international sustainable development goals, food and agricultural production need to rely on sustainable and resilient practices. Traditional breeding as well as the use of new agricultural technologies, including genetic engineering and gene editing, have the potential to help achieve sustainable agrifood production. Although numerous oversight mechanisms exist to guarantee the secure and sustainable advancement and utilization of genetically engineered agrifoods, the majority of these mechanisms heavily depend on a narrow set of parameters to assess risks and safety concerning human health and nontarget organisms. However, a more comprehensive range of parameters should be considered to promote environmental and social sustainability in a more holistic manner. This Opinion article argues that to achieve a more sustainable agrifood production that relies on genetic engineering, governance systems related to new agrifood biotechnologies should incorporate a broader array of environmental, health, ethical, and societal factors to ensure their sustainability in the long‐term. To facilitate this process, we propose a set of parameters to help evaluate the sustainability of agrifoods that rely on genetic engineering. We then discuss major challenges and opportunities for formalizing sustainability parameters in US governance policy and decision‐making systems. Overall, this work contributes to further developing a more comprehensive assessment framework that aims to minimize potential risks and maximize potential benefits of agrifood biotechnology while also fostering sustainability.
VoroIF‐GNN: Voronoi tessellation‐derived protein–protein interface assessment using a graph neural network
Authors: Olechnovič Kliment , Venclovas Česlovas
Published: July 2023

We present VoroIF‐GNN (Voronoi InterFace Graph Neural Network), a novel method for assessing inter‐subunit interfaces in a structural model of a protein–protein complex, relying solely on the input structure without any additional information. Given a multimeric protein structural model, we derive interface contacts from the Voronoi tessellation of atomic balls, construct a graph of those contacts, and predict the accuracy of every contact using an attention‐based GNN. The contact‐level predictions are then summarized to produce whole interface‐level scores. VoroIF‐GNN was blindly tested for its ability to estimate the accuracy of protein complexes during CASP15 and showed strong performance in selecting the best multimeric model out of many. The method implementation is freely available at https://kliment-olechnovic.github.io/voronota/expansion_js/.
Functional analysis of neutral lipases in bug feeding and reproduction
Authors: Lu Hai‐Bin , Lu Jia‐Bao , Li Li‐Li , Zhang Ze‐Long , Chen Jian‐Ping , Li Jun‐Min , Zhang Chuan‐Xi , Huang Hai‐Jian
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is known to cause significant economic losses in soybean crops due to its seed‐sucking behavior, but the mechanism of its adaptation to lipid‐rich seeds remains poorly understood. To exploit potential target genes for controlling this pest, neutral lipases are functionally characterized in this study.

RESULTS

In this study, a total of 69 lipases were identified in R. pedestris, including 35 neutral lipases that underwent significant expansion. The phylogeny, expression patterns, and catalytic capacity of neutral lipases were investigated and we selected six salivary gland‐specific, eight gut‐specific, and three ovary‐specific genes for functional analysis. All three ovary‐specific neutral lipases (Chr1.3195, Chr1.0994, and Chr5.0087) are critical for insect reproduction, while a few gut‐specific neutral lipases (Chr4.0221 and Chr1.3207) influence insect survivorship or weight gain. In contrast, no significant phenotype change is observed when silencing salivary gland‐specific neutral lipases.

CONCLUSION

The lipases Chr1.3195, Chr1.0994, Chr5.0087, Chr4.0221, and Chr1.3207 are essential for R. pedestris feeding and reproduction, and the insect is highly sensitive to their deficiency, suggesting that neutral lipases are promising candidates for application in RNAi‐based control of this destructive pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Towards stunting eradication in Indonesia: Time to invest in community health workers
Authors: Miranda Adriana Viola , Sirmareza Trio , Nugraha Ryan Rachmad , Rastuti Maritta , Syahidi Habibi , Asmara Rindang , Petersen Zack
Published: July 2023

In Indonesia, home to the fourth‐largest children‐under‐five population globally, the stunting prevalence is among the highest in Asia. The detrimental and irreversible impacts of stunting warranted the government to aim for stunting eradication by 2030, with community health workers (CHWs) at the forefront of the program. With over 1.5 million Indonesian CHWs conducting monthly growth monitoring and counseling, the critical importance and cost‐effectiveness of CHWs in stunting management are clear. However, several implementation challenges continue to hinder their maximum potential. This includes unclear recruitment processes, the nonprofessional status of CHWs, unclear incentive schemes, research and funding constraints, and unclear role of stakeholders. This commentary examines the current involvement of CHWs in the Indonesian stunting program, the remaining issues, and recommendations to mitigate the identified challenges. Improvements in the recruitment process, recognition, and incentivization system, as well as cross‐sectoral collaboration, particularly in evidence creation and policy‐research continuum, are crucial in improving the current program and achieve the goal of stunting eradication.
Nonlinear Interaction between Two Chirped Broadband Single Photons
Authors: Li Yuanhua , Huang Yiwen , Qi Zhantong , Chen Xianfeng
Published: July 2023

Coherent correlation between two distant broadband single photons can be realized by using the nonlinear optical method, which provides a key technology for spread‐spectrum communication in the quantum network. Here, sum‐frequency generation (SFG) between two broadband single photons is experimentally demonstrated by using chirp technology. The results show that the efficiency of the SFG is 6.51 × 10−8, and the visibility of coherent correlation of two distant broadband photons of the telecommunications band is 93.7%. This technique can also be used for other quantum applications, such as quantum entanglement swapping and quantum communication.
Fixed‐time disturbance observer based distributed cooperative containment control with fixed‐time anti‐saturation compensator for multi‐unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Cui Lei , Zhou Qi , Huang Di
Published: July 2023

This article proposes a fixed‐time backstepping distributed cooperative containment control scheme for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A fixed‐time compensator is designed for the fixed‐wing UAVs actuator saturation problem. Based on this, an improved fixed‐time disturbance observer is proposed for the problem of the excessive initial peak. The problem of “complexity explosion” is solved by the fixed‐time differential filter. For the distributed containment control of multiple UAVs, a cooperative control architecture based on a fixed‐time anti‐saturation compensation system is proposed. The proposed algorithm can be shown practicable by using Lyapunov stability theory and graph theory. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Traditional kriging versus modern Gaussian processes for large‐scale mining data
Authors: Christianson Ryan B. , Pollyea Ryan M. , Gramacy Robert B.
Published: July 2023

The canonical technique for nonlinear modeling of spatial/point‐referenced data is known as kriging in geostatistics, and as Gaussian Process (GP) regression for surrogate modeling and statistical learning. This article reviews many similarities shared between kriging and GPs, but also highlights some important differences. One is that GPs impose a process that can be used to automate kernel/variogram inference, thus removing the human from the loop. The GP framework also suggests a probabilistically valid means of scaling to handle a large corpus of training data, that is, an alternative to ordinary kriging. Finally, recent GP implementations are tailored to make the most of modern computing architectures, such as multi‐core workstations and multi‐node supercomputers. We argue that such distinctions are important even in classically geostatistical settings. To back that up, we present out‐of‐sample validation exercises using two, real, large‐scale borehole data sets acquired in the mining of gold and other minerals. We compare classic kriging with several variations of modern GPs and conclude that the latter is more economical (fewer human and compute resources), more accurate and offers better uncertainty quantification. We go on to show how the fully generative modeling apparatus provided by GPs can gracefully accommodate left‐censoring of small measurements, as commonly occurs in mining data and other borehole assays.
Integrating risk assessment for increased social resilience: Lessons from South Africa
Authors: Kruger Leandri , Sandham Luke A. , van Niekerk Dewald
Published: July 2023

Amidst the increased exposure of vulnerable communities to disaster risks in recent years, the optimal use of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) for effective risk reduction, enhanced social resilience, and a more sustainable human environment is essential. The limited flexibility of SIA methodological guidance is a potential obstacle to optimal practice, particularly in developing countries with complex social contexts, such as South Africa. In this article, the potential integration of SIA with aspects of Disaster Risk Assessment (DRA) for improved practice is explored by evaluating commonalities and differences in South African SIA and DRA methodological guidelines in comparison with international good practice guidelines. While South African SIA guidance is in line with international good practice, definite shortcomings were observed, such as the absence of risk assessment guidance. The findings suggest that the incorporation of DRA has the potential to strengthen risk assessment in SIA practice through an integrated approach to social risk baseline studies. SIA and DRA practice communities will benefit from this integrated approach, and thereby contribute to improved social resilience, all of which should contribute to sustainable development outcomes, especially in hazard influenced contexts.
Beyond the direct effect of economic growth on child mortality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: does environmental degradation matter?
Authors: Fotio Hervé Kaffo , Gouenet René Marcel , Ngo Tedga Pauline
Published: July 2023

Using a sample of 45 Sub‐Saharan African countries over the 2000–2019 period, this paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the health effect of economic growth. Specifically, it investigates the direct effect of economic growth on child mortality as well as the indirect effect through environmental degradation. Findings from panel‐corrected standard errors, feasible generalized least squares, and Driscoll and Kraay standard errors show that economic growth has significantly decreased infant and under‐five mortality rates in Sub‐Saharan Africa. However, results from the mediation analysis reveal that, beyond its direct effect, economic growth has an indirect effect on under‐five mortality through greenhouse gas emissions. Implementing green growth policies should help minimize the indirect negative effect of economic growth on child mortality in Sub‐Saharan African countries.