bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a management strategy for microplastic pollution in the Laurentian Great Lakes - Monitoring (Part 1)
Authors: McIlwraith Hayley K. , Hataley Eden , Rochman Chelsea M.
Published: May 2022

Plastic contamination extends across all Great Lakes ecosystems, including in wildlife, with the potential for risk based on laboratory experiments and risk assessment. Due to widespread contamination, and based on evidence suggesting measurable risk, it is time for policy-makers to develop and implement monitoring programs to guide management . Here, we discuss the need for a monitoring strategy with clear guidelines. We synthesize the research that has been published across the Great Lakes, reporting on contamination, regions that have been the focus of study, and the methods used across matrices. Based on our findings, we suggest how research may inform guidelines and next steps – especially if microplastics are to be considered as a Toxic Chemicals sub-indicator under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Future monitoring, using standard and/or harmonized protocols for sampling and analysis, should build baselines across the basin and begin tracking how contamination changes to assess the health of the Great Lakes, to inform source-reduction, and to measure the effectiveness of policies aimed at reducing emissions of plastics to freshwater.
Optimization of the temperature dependence of a defect mode in a binary defective photonic crystal
Authors: Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Taya Sofyan A. , AbuIbaid Sahar M. , Alhamss Dana N. , Colak Ilhami
Published: May 2022

One-dimensional defective binary photonic crystal is considered with the structure (AB)[Formula: see text]D(AB)[Formula: see text], where A (TiO[Formula: see text] and B (SiO[Formula: see text] are the layers constituting the photonic crystal and D is the defect layer. The temperature dependence of the defect mode is investigated by considering both thermo-optic and thermal expansion effects. As the refractive indices and thicknesses of the photonic crystal layers are varied by temperature, the properties of the photonic crystal, such as bandgap and defect mode, are modified. Thus, we propose a tunable transmission filter operating in the visible region of the spectrum. It is found that the transmittance peak shift of the defect mode can be enhanced with the increase of both thermo-optic and the thermal expansion coefficients of the defect mode. As an example, we consider a photonic crystal with the structure (TiO2–SiO[Formula: see text]/SiOC/(TiO2–SiO[Formula: see text] and a transmittance peak shift of the defect mode of 1.51 nm is obtained for a temperature increase of [Formula: see text]C.
Synchronization, extreme multistability, and its control for a field coupled neurons with time delays
Authors: Zhang Li , An Xin-Lei , Xiong Li , Qiao Shuai , Shi Qian-Qian
Published: May 2022

Neurons are connected through synapses, but it is not reasonable to equate the connection mode of synapses to an edge in the network due to synaptic plasticity whereas the magnetic field coupling can be considered to handle it. Therefore, in this paper, the interaction between HR neurons is realized by magnetic field coupling based on induction coil, and time delay is introduced to represent the lag in information transfer. First, the coexisting firing activities and synchronization behaviors in dual neuronal networks are numerically calculated, respectively, depending on the external stimulation current, coupling strength, time delays, and initial conditions. When the time delays are given, it is interesting to note that the infinite number of firing modes including chaotic firing, periodical firing, and quiescent state is induced by initial conditions. Due to the initial values, the types of synchronization consisting of complete synchronization, delayed synchronization, and asynchronization are then revealed under the framework of extreme multistability. In particular, the state of complete synchronization exhibits only quiescent state and period-1 firing when the time delay is not equal to 0. Furthermore, the linear augmentation method is conceived to control extreme multistability. It can be found that the attractors with different positions and topological structures can be controlled to the point attractors with the same shape but with different positions when the coupling strength of linear system and nonlinear system is increased. That is, the heterogeneous multistability can be successfully controlled to the homogeneous multistability, and the coupled neurons can also be achieved synchronization after control. These conclusions in this paper could be helpful in providing new insights for studying neurodynamics and applying neural circuits.
Resolving the puzzle of sound propagation in a dilute Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Zloshchastiev Konstantin G.
Published: May 2022

A unified model of a dilute Bose–Einstein condensate is proposed, combining the logarithmic and Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) nonlinear terms in a wave equation, where the GP term describes two-body interactions, as suggested by the standard perturbation theory; while the logarithmic term is essentially nonperturbative, and takes into account quantum vacuum effects. The model is shown to have excellent agreement with sound propagation data in the condensate of cold sodium atoms known since the now classic works by Andrews and collaborators. The data also allowed us to place constraints on two of the unified model’s parameters, which describe the strengths of the logarithmic and GP terms. Additionally, we suggest an experiment constraining the value of the third parameter (the characteristic density scale of the logarithmic part of the model), using the conjectured attraction–repulsion transition of many-body interaction inside the condensate.
An asymmetric controlled bidirectional remote preparation protocol of three- and four-qubit equatorial states
Authors: Wang Min-Rui , Xiang Zheng , Ren Peng
Published: May 2022

A scheme for asymmetric controlled bidirectional remote state preparation by utilizing 15-qubit entangled state as quantum channel is proposed. In this paper, we present a new protocol that Alice prepares a three-qubit equatorial state for Bob and Bob prepares a four-qubit equatorial state for Alice at the same time under Charlie’s control. The success of this scheme cannot be separated from the controller Charlie. In addition, we give some analysis and conclusions by comparing with other schemes. The auxiliary qubits and operations are not required in our scheme. In particular, the success probability of the receivers restoring the prepared states can reach 100%. Thus, our scheme has better performance.
Intelligent Decision Method of Multi-Agricultural Commodity Model Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Zhuang Jiayu , Xu Shiwei , Li Ganqiong , Zhong Zhiping
Published: May 2022

China Agricultural Outlook publishes the outlook report on major agricultural commodities and the estimates of the supply–demand balance sheet of agricultural commodities in the next decade, so as to release agricultural information and guide the development of modern agriculture. A large amount of data has been accumulated in the work associated with agriculture outlook in recent years. This paper will optimize the agriculture commodity model through deep learning and create an analysis tool based on long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning by comprehensively considering the key factors of supply and demand of agricultural commodities including the output, consumption and price and combining the impact of complex natural, social and economic factors. In this way, the close relevance of different varieties and multi-variable strong coupling of the analysis and prediction model of major agricultural commodities can be solved. The “random sampling” and “stress on causality” of traditional complex agriculture analysis models are replaced by the “whole data” and “emphasis on relevance over causality”. The intelligent decision method of agricultural commodity model based on deep learning proposed in this study can effectively improve the analysis efficiency and accuracy of multi-variety coupling model of agricultural commodities (at least by 15%), and enhance the intelligence of the supply–demand analysis and prediction, especially with the accumulation of future data, the prediction accuracy will continue to improve. Machine learning has been regarded as an effective method to provide forecast and early-warning of future agricultural development in a timely manner based on real-time monitoring of agricultural data.
High-Throughput and Power-Efficient Convolutional Neural Network Using One-Pass Processing Elements
Authors: Sivasankari B. , Shunmugathammal M. , Appathurai Ahilan , Kavitha M.
Published: May 2022

In recent decades, convolutional neural network (CNN) has become essential in many real-time applications due to its massive computational ability. But its use in portable devices is limited due to its high computation requirements. This paper proposes a novel One-Pass Processing Element (OPPE) to mitigate this limitation. The proposed OPPE removes redundant computations by eliminating those with zeros that leads to low area as well as low power consumption. The proposed OPPE model is evaluated with the help of VGG-16-based CNN accelerator. The proposed OPPE design reduces the number of four-input LUTs by 5.19%, 15.91%, 10.06% and 4.93% and the power consumption by 4.26%, 7.36%, 5.81% and 1.55% when compared with the conventional processing element (PE), activation gating PE, weight gating PE and zero gating PE, respectively. The proposed CNN accelerator design using OPPE achieves high throughput with less resource utilization.
Some recent results on Ricci-based gravity theories
Authors: Olmo Gonzalo J. , Rubiera-Garcia Diego
Published: May 2022

In this paper, metric-affine theories in which the gravity Lagrangian is built using (projectively invariant) contractions of the Ricci tensor with itself and with the metric (Ricci-based gravity theories, or RBGs for short) are reviewed. The goal is to provide a contextualized and coherent presentation of some recent results. In particular, we focus on the correspondence that exists between the field equations of these theories and those of general relativity, and comment on how this can be used to build new solutions of physical interest. We also discuss the formalism of junction conditions in the [Formula: see text] case, and provide a brief summary on current experimental and observational bounds on model parameters.
DTAR: A Dynamic Threshold Adaptive Ranking-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm for WSNs
Authors: Amutha R. , Sivasankari G. G. , Venugopal K. R. , Stephan Thompson
Published: May 2022

Owing to uncertainties associated with energy and maintenance of large Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) during transmission, energy-efficient routing strategies are gaining popularity. A Dynamic Threshold Adaptive Routing Algorithm (DTAR) is proposed for determining the most appropriate node to become a Cluster Head (CH) using adaptive participation criteria. For determining the next Forwarder Node (FN), an adaptive ranking scheme depends on distance ([Formula: see text]) and Residual Energy ([Formula: see text]). However, additional parameters such as Delivery Ratio (DR), End-to-End delay ([Formula: see text] delay), and Message Success Rate (MSR) should be considered to achieve the most optimal approach to achieve energy efficiency. The proposed DTAR algorithm is validated on variable clustered networks in order to investigate the effect of opportunistic routing with increasing network size and energy resources. The proposed algorithm shows a substantial decrease in energy consumption during transmission. Energy Consumption (EC), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-to-End delay ([Formula: see text] delay), and Message Success Rate (MSR) are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for energy efficiency.
The 3-Vertex-Rainbow Index of 2-(Edge) Connected Graphs
Authors: Ma Yingbin , Zhu Wenhan
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a vertex-colored graph. For a vertex set [Formula: see text] of at least two vertices, a tree [Formula: see text] that connects [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is vertex-rainbow if no two vertices of [Formula: see text] have the same color, such a tree is called a vertex-rainbow [Formula: see text]-tree or a vertex-rainbow tree connecting [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a fixed integer with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is said to be vertex-rainbow [Formula: see text]-tree connected if every [Formula: see text]-subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] has a vertex-rainbow [Formula: see text]-tree. The [Formula: see text]-vertex-rainbow index [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is the minimum number of colors are needed in order to make [Formula: see text] vertex-rainbow [Formula: see text]-tree connected. In this paper, we focus on [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-connected or [Formula: see text]-edge-connected, we provide a sharp upper bound for [Formula: see text], respectively, and determine the graphs [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] reaches the upper bound.
CHANGES IN CAREER PREFERENCES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A STUDY OF BUSINESS UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: KHAN MAHFUZUR RAHMAN , ESHA SUMAIYA BINTE EKRAM
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This study attempts to investigate the change in career preference of business undergraduates of Bangladesh due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Design/Methodology: This study is an observational study, where 620 respondents’ data are collected and analyzed. Percentages of career preference changes and reasons for career preference changes of business undergraduates due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are analyzed based on Dhaka, Bangladesh. The paired sample [Formula: see text]-test is used to define the significance of this study. Findings: Most of the preferred fields by the respondents in the coming years are MNCs and the banking sector. However, because of the major consequences of COVID-19, graduates plan to change their careers. More than average, all respondents are planning to change their career preferences to government services and business. The main reasons for the career preference of business graduates before COVID-19 were financial benefits and compensation, social status, and good career opportunities. Now they want a safe and secure source of income for their families and for themselves. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be useful for both academics in their quest to guide students in changes in career preferences and for governments and practitioners to understand the future career preferences of business graduates.
Anomalous Behavior During Low Rate Discharge of Li/CFX Cells
Authors: Seong Hui Li , Ruiz John Paul , Jones John-Paul , Pasalic Jasmina , Billings Keith , West William , Bugga Ratnakumar , Crowther Owen , Destephen Mario , Brandon Erik J.
Published: May 2022

Lithium-carbon monofluoride (Li/CFx) D-sized battery cells discharged at very low rates (C/1800) were found to deliver inconsistent capacities. These effects were found to be absent as the discharge rate was increased to C/600. Destructive physical analysis of the cells discharged at C/1800 confirmed the effects of corrosion, manifesting as preferential utilization of the Li anode around the copper current collector, discoloration of the remaining excess Li, and more crucially loss of adhesion to the copper current collector, resulting in a premature completion of discharge. This anomalous behavior may be attributed to the competing corrosion reaction at the Li anode during discharge, whereby Li+ is lost to the electrolyte at a rate that is similar to the competing current-producing charge transfer process. At higher rates, this corrosion process is masked by the more significant discharge current generated by the full cell, which occurs at a much higher rate. The inconsistent capacity delivery may relate to the uneven breakdown of the surface film at these very low rates, where the current density is very low. Experimental data from both D-sized and three-electrode cells describing this effect are presented, as well as possible remedies for cells where very low discharge rates are desired.
Communication—Electropolymerization of Anion-Conducting Polymer Films
Authors: Xiao Zi-Ye , Diesendruck Charles E. , Freger Viatcheslav , Dekel Dario R.
Published: May 2022

We successfully electropolymerize homopolymer and copolymer from vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride (VBTMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) by cyclic voltammetry to form ultra-thin anion-conducting polymer films with significant anion conductance. The morphologies of electropolymerized polymers with different monomer compositions are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (in situ EIS) is performed to track the electropolymerization (EP) process and film properties. High anion conductance of up to 2 mS is found in the electropolymerized thin films, suggesting that this technique can be suitable for making anion-conducting electrodes for advanced electrochemical devices.
Recombinant human β-defensin 2 delivery improves smoking-induced lung neutrophilia and bacterial exacerbation
Authors: Milad Nadia , Pineault Marie , Bouffard Gabrielle , Maranda-Robitaille Michaël , Lechasseur Ariane , Beaulieu Marie-Josée , Aubin Sophie , Jensen Benjamin A. H. , Morissette Mathieu C.
Published: May 2022

Treatment of the cigarette smoke-associated lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has largely focused on broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory therapies. However, these therapies, such as high-dose inhaled corticosteroids, enhance patient susceptibility to lung infection and exacerbation. Our objective was to assess whether the cationic host defense peptide, human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2), can simultaneously reduce pulmonary inflammation in cigarette smoke-exposed mice while maintaining immune competence during bacterial exacerbation. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke acutely (4 days) or chronically (5 days/wk for 7 wk) and administered hBD-2 intranasally or by gavage. In a separate model of acute exacerbation, chronically exposed mice treated with hBD-2 were infected with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae before euthanasia. In the acute exposure model, cigarette smoke-associated pulmonary neutrophilia was significantly blunted by both local and systemic hBD-2 administration. Similarly, chronically exposed mice administered hBD-2 therapeutically exhibited reduced pulmonary neutrophil infiltration and downregulated proinflammatory signaling in the lungs compared with vehicle-treated mice. Finally, in a model of acute bacterial exacerbation, hBD-2 administration effectively limited neutrophil infiltration in the lungs while markedly reducing pulmonary bacterial load. This study shows that hBD-2 treatment can significantly attenuate lung neutrophilia induced by cigarette smoke exposure while preserving immune competence and promoting an appropriate host-defense response to bacterial stimuli.
Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin A and Pulsed Radiofrequency on Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chen Liping , Zhang Yaoyao , Chen Yanru , Wang Ting , Sun Kai , Tang Hao , Shen Wen , Ji Fuhai
Published: May 2022

This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) and pulsed radiofrequency (RF) in the clinical treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). A total of 100 patients with PHN were randomly divided into two groups (n = 50 per group): RF group and BoNT‐A group. Based on conventional drug treatment, patients were treated with either a single nerve root pulsed radiofrequency therapy or a single local subcutaneous injection of BoNT‐A in the lesion area. All the patients were followed up for 24 weeks on pain scores, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression scores, etc. In the last follow‐up at the end of 24 weeks postoperation, the pain scores of patients in both groups were significantly lower than those before the operation (P < 0.05), indicating that both treatments were effective against PHN; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups (P > 0.05). It is noteworthy that the subcutaneous injection of BoNT‐A is relatively easy to administer and less expensive compared to RF. Therefore, we believe that the subcutaneous injection of BoNT‐A is an effective and safe method for the treatment of PHN.
Incidence, Molecular Detection, and Partial Nucleotide Sequencing of Some Viruses Causing Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) on Fig Plants in Egypt
Authors: Toima Neven I. , El-Banna Om-Hashem M. , Sayed Ali M. , Youssef Sahar A. , Shalaby Ahmed A.
Published: May 2022

Fig mosaic disease (FMD) is a viral disease that poses a significant danger to Egypt’s fig-producing economy. During the two growing seasons 2017 and 2018, fig leaves and fruits displaying a variety of symptoms linked with fig mosaic disease (FMD) were collected and differentiated from the most famous fig-growing governorates in Egypt, Mersa Matruh, Ismailia, and Giza. Symptomatic samples were tested for the presence of fig mosaic virus (FMV), fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), fig mild mottle-associated virus (FMMaV), fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV), and fig cryptic virus (FCV) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers. Three viruses were detected in mixed infections and showed positive results. FMV was detected with infection rate 49% followed by FLMaV-2 with infection rate 21.8% and FLMaV-1 with infection rate 10.9%, respectively, whereas all tested samples were negative for the other viruses. According to the sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the Egyptian FMV isolate was closely related to other FMV isolates, particularly the Argentina ones (Acc. No. KP796424), with 99% identity. While FLMaV-1 showed more than 98% identity with reference isolate FLMaV-1 (Acc. No. LN873219), on the other hand, the isolate of FLMaV-2 showed 100% identity with reference FLMaV-2 isolate (Acc. No. FJ473383) based on phylogenetic analysis. Because fig output in Egypt is expanding, our findings suggest that greater attention should be paid to improving the phytosanitary condition of fig trees in Egypt.
Effect of Nanomaterials on Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposite Materials
Authors: Kumar M. S. Senthil , Selvan Chithirai Pon , Santhanam K. , Kadirvel A. , Chandraprabu V. , SampathKumar L.
Published: May 2022

The good adhesion and interfacial interaction between the nanomaterial and the matrix show that the low content polymer nanocomposite has better tribological and mechanical properties such as strength, modulus, fracture toughness, and fatigue properties. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of many researchers in this field for the past two decades. Nanomaterials are available in many forms, such as nanotubes, nanoclays, nanofibers, nanoparticles, and graphene depending on the shape. This article summarizes the mechanical test results of different nanocomposite materials under various operating conditions. In addition, the current research clearly describes various decisive factors that affect material properties, such as the dispersion of nanoparticles, clay tactoids, processing conditions, agglomeration, and distribution status. The tribological properties and fatigue resistance of nanocomposites are also discussed in this study. In addition, the article also discusses the related issues of incorporating nanomaterials into the matrix.
Application of Supramolecular Polymer Nanoparticles in Controlled Release System of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Ma Zhichao , Qi Jie
Published: May 2022

Nanoscience is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary course based on many advanced sciences and technologies that has developed rapidly in recent decades. Nanotechnology has been widely used in biomedicine, materials science, chemistry, physics, information and electronic engineering, and other fields. Nanomaterials have been widely used in various research fields because of their many excellent properties, such as quantum size phenomenon, small size phenomenon, and quantum mechanics. Surface effects and tunneling phenomena have now become the focus of scientific research. Controlled release means that the drug is released quantitatively and uniformly through the controlled release coating film, so that the concentration of the drug in the blood remains unchanged. This paper is aimed at studying the application and performance of nanoparticles in the controlled release system of anticancer drugs. This paper addresses the issue of the controlled release of anticancer drugs. This question is based on nanoparticles. Therefore, it was elaborated around supramolecular polymer nanoparticles, and a case design and analysis of its use in the controlled release system of anticancer drugs was carried out. The experimental results showed that when laser irradiation and GSH coexisted, the dissolution rate and cumulative dissolution rate of DOX were the highest, and the total release within 3 h was close to 53%. This result indicates that the release of DOX from DOX@HMPB@PEI‐SS‐HA is both photosensitivity and redox responsive, and the photosensitivity predominates.
Breast Cancer Prognosis Prediction and Immune Pathway Molecular Analysis Based on Mitochondria-Related Genes
Authors: Luo Weixu , Han Yuanshan , Li Xin , Liu Zhuo , Meng Pan , Wang Yuhong
Published: May 2022

Background. Mitochondria play an important role in breast cancer (BRCA). We aimed to build a prognostic model based on mitochondria-related genes. Method. Univariate Cox regression analysis, random forest, and the LASSO method were performed in sequence on pretreated TCGA BRCA datasets to screen out genes from a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology: biological process gene set to build a prognosis risk score model. Survival analyses and ROC curves were performed to verify the model by using the GSE103091 dataset. The BRCA datasets were equally divided into high- and low-risk score groups. Comparisons between clinical features and immune infiltration related to different risk scores and gene mutation analysis and drug sensitivity prediction were performed for different groups. Result. Four genes, MRPL36, FEZ1, BMF, and AFG1L, were screened to construct our risk score model in which the higher the risk score, the poorer the prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the risk score was significantly associated with age, M stage, and N stage. The gene mutation probability in the high-risk score group was significantly higher than that in the low-risk score group. Patients with higher risk scores were more likely to die. Drug sensitivity prediction in different groups indicated that PF-562271 and AS601245 might be new inhibitors of BRCA. Conclusion. We developed a new workable risk score model based on mitochondria-related genes for BRCA prognosis and identified new targets and drugs for BRCA research.
English Translation Template Retrieval Based on Semantic Distance Ontology Knowledge Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: May 2022

With the rapid development of the Internet, data information has begun to spread rapidly on the Internet, and the types and fields involved are becoming more and more diverse. With the deepening of internationalization, English information has also become a common entry for tourism. Relatively speaking, the translation of English documents is also on the agenda. The intricate literature information has put forward a more specialized and vertical demand for retrieval. Traditional retrieval systems usually use string matching algorithms to search, but this technology cannot perform semantic expansion of query conditions. In the case of “multiple words with one meaning” and “polysemy of one word,” the retrieval accuracy of traditional retrieval systems decreases. In order to solve the previously mentioned problems, this study proposes semantic retrieval based on domain ontology technology. The purpose of semantic retrieval is to semantically expand the user’s query conditions on the basis of accurately understanding the retrieval conditions. At the same time, with the help of the constructed domain ontology, it provides more accurate and comprehensive retrieval services for document retrieval. The experimental results of this study show that, for the clustering of the entire dataset, the number of ontology concepts in each article is 61% of that, before merging, which effectively reduces the complexity of the semantic network model. Therefore, the validity of the ontology concept merging algorithm proposed in this study is verified.
Preliminary Report: Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid Increased Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro by Monocyte Differentiation Pathway Regulating Cytokines
Authors: Luukkonen Jani , Huhtakangas Johanna , Palosaari Sanna , Tuukkanen Juha , Vuolteenaho Olli , Lehenkari Petri
Published: May 2022

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common joint diseases associated with changes in local, as well as systemic bone structure and osteoclast function. We investigated how the different soluble inflammatory stimuli in these diseases can affect osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro. Methods. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived osteoclasts were cultured on bone slices with serum from treatment-naïve RA patients and healthy controls and with synovial fluid samples acquired from RA and OA patients. The concentrations of 29 different cytokines and related proteins, including RANKL and OPG, were analyzed in the fluids tested. Results. RA serum and synovial fluid increased both osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis and activity increased more in the cultures containing OA than RA synovial fluid. The osteoclasts cultured in different culture media exhibited different phenotypes, especially the cells cultured with OA synovial fluid were generally larger and had more nuclei. A general increase in proinflammatory cytokines in RA synovial fluid and serum was found. Surprisingly, OA synovial fluid showed lower levels of osteoclastogenesis inhibiting cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, than RA synovial fluid, which at least partly explains more pronounced osteoclastogenesis. No significant difference was found in RANKL or OPG levels. Conclusion. The proinflammatory stimulus in OA and RA drives the monocyte differentiation towards inflammatory osteoclastogenesis and altered osteoclast phenotype.
Target Tracking Algorithm in Football Match Video Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Wei
Published: May 2022

After the introduction of online learning mechanism, the traditional target tracking algorithm in football game video based on TLD has good tracking ability, but it will lose the target when the target is seriously obscured. Therefore, a soccer game video target tracking algorithm based on deep learning is proposed. The target detection algorithm of GoogLeNet‐LSTM is used for faltung to obtain the feature mapping array. After processing, a high reliability candidate box for training and matching is obtained, and the feature maps of the detection results are collected to obtain the depth features required for tracking. Scale space discriminant tracking algorithm and Markov Monte Carlo algorithm are used to track single target or multi‐target, respectively. Experimental results show that the average frame rate of the algorithm is maintained above 35 Hz, and the tracking time is about 12.5 s. The average center position deviation index is 39, the average coverage index is 40, and the resource utilization is low. The algorithm can track the target in the football game video well.
Secondary Full-thickness Macular Holes after Diabetic Vitrectomy: Clinical Manifestations and Rational Approaches to the Treatment
Authors: Hsia Yun , Yang Chung-May , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Wang Lu-Chun
Published: May 2022

Purpose. The aim of the study is to present the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of secondary full-thickness macular hole (MH) after diabetic vitrectomy (DV) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods. In this retrospective, observational, and longitudinal study, we enrolled consecutive patients with PDR who developed MH after DV. The macular structure was evaluated using optical coherence tomography. The clinical characteristics, surgical techniques, and outcomes were also recorded. Results. Three patients developed MH within 6 weeks, which was associated with foveal thinning, residual fibrovascular proliferation, or anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Six patients developed MH originating from the epiretinal membrane (ERM) with lamellar MH (LMH) after a median interval of 16.5 months. Three of them were complicated with retinal detachment (RD). Various surgical procedures were performed according to the clinical scenarios, including internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, inverted ILM flap insertion, temporal inverted ILM flap, lens posterior capsular flap insertion, and neurosensory retinal free flap insertion. All patients achieved MH closure after surgery, and 5 patients exhibited improved visual acuity. Conclusions. MH may develop after successful DV, with a high rate of associated RD. Rapid MH formation was attributed to unreleased tractional force and weakened foveal structure. The development of ERM and LMH also led to MH. Various surgical techniques could be used for MH closure.
A Numerical Method for Fractional Differential Equations with New Generalized Hattaf Fractional Derivative
Authors: Hattaf Khalid , Hajhouji Zakaria , Ait Ichou Mohamed , Yousfi Noura
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, fractional derivative is used to model various problems in science and engineering. In this paper, a new numerical method to approximate the generalized Hattaf fractional derivative involving a nonsingular kernel is proposed. This derivative included several forms existing in the literature such as the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative, the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative, and the weighted Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. The new proposed method is based on Lagrange polynomial interpolation, and it is applied to solve linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations (FDEs). In addition, the error made during the approximation of the FDEs using our proposed method is analyzed. By comparing the approximate and exact solutions, it is noticed that the new numerical method is very efficient and converges very quickly to the exact solution. Furthermore, our proposed numerical method is also applied to nonlinear systems of FDEs in virology.
Short Sequence Chinese-English Machine Translation Based on Generative Adversarial Networks of Emotion
Authors: Wang Hua
Published: May 2022

With the steady growth of the global economy, the communication between countries in the world has become increasingly close. Due to its translation efficiency and other problems, the traditional manual translation has gradually failed to meet the current people’s translation requirements. With the rapid development of machine-learning and deep-learning related technologies, artificial intelligence-related technologies have affected various industries, including the field of machine translation. Compared with traditional methods, neural network-based machine translation has high efficiency, so this field has attracted many scholars’ intensive research. How to improve the accuracy of neural machine translation through deep learning technology is the core problem that researchers study. In this paper, the neural machine translation model based on generative adversarial network is studied to make the translation result of neural network more accurate and three-dimensional. The model uses adversarial thinking to consider the sequence of emotion direction so that the translation results are more humanized. We set up several experiments to verify the efficiency of the model, and the experimental results prove that the proposed model is suitable for Chinese-English machine translation.
Antioxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Nanoparticles against Nephropathy of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats
Authors: Wardani Giftania , Nugraha Jusak , Mustafa Mohd. Rais , Sudjarwo Sri Agus
Published: May 2022

Oxidative stress and inflammation have been shown to interact and have the role of importance in causing diabetic nephropathy complications. Fucoidan has a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammation effect, so the aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan nanoparticles against nephropathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Fucoidan nanoparticles are characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The rats were randomized into the control group (were given with aquadest), streptozotocin group (were injected with streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg BW i.p.), and fucoidan nanoparticle group (were given orally with fucoidan at doses 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg BW and then injected streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg BW i.p.). The blood was taken to evaluate the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The kidney tissues were collected to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by ELISA; superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by immunohistochemical staining and histological observation by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining. The DLS demonstrated that the fucoidan nanoparticle size was 330.6 ± 58.8 nm, and the SEM showed an irregular shape with a rough surface image. The administration of streptozotocin significantly increased BUN, creatinine, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, whereas expression of SOD and GPx decreased as compared with the control group (

p
<
0.05

). The administration of fucoidan nanoparticles only at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW significantly decreases BUN, creatinine, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. However, fucoidan nanoparticles at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW significantly increase SOD and GPx expression as compared with the streptozotocin group (

p
<
0.05

). The administration of streptozotocin caused the loss of normal kidney cell structure and necrosis, while treatment with fucoidan nanoparticles improved renal cell necrosis. It can be concluded that fucoidan nanoparticles are promising agents in terms of the protection afforded against streptozotocin-induced nephropathy through antioxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD and GPx and through anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.
Recent Advances in the Valorization of Biodiesel By-Product Glycerol to Solketal
Authors: Ao Supongsenla , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala
Published: May 2022

The exponential rise of the biodiesel production has resulted in a considerable amount of glycerol as a by-product, which must be valorized to ensure the sector’s long-term viability. As a result, cost-effective glycerol conversions for significant value-added chemicals are essential for the biodiesel production in the long run. Solketal, a glycerol by-product, is obtained as a potential fuel additive in the biodiesel industry. Recently, several heterogeneous acid-catalysts stand out as a promising catalyst for solketal production where biomass-based catalyst gained attraction owing to their biodegradability, eco-friendly, and abundant availability. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles-derived catalysts along with sulfonated functionalized catalyzed, zeolites, resins, enzymatic, etc. have proved their efficiency in solketal production. In this review, a wider study on the recent advances of the catalysts has been discussed along with their preparation, various reaction parameters, its application, and efficiency for biodiesel industry. This study opens up incredible prospects for us to use renewable energy sources, which will benefit the industry, the environment, and the economy.
Application of
K
-Means Clustering Algorithm in Energy Data Analysis
Authors: Zhou Ying
Published: May 2022

In order to solve the problem of how to explore potential information in massive data and make effective use of it, this paper mainly studies news text clustering and proposes a news clustering algorithm based on improved

K

-Means. Then, the MapReduce programming model is used to parallelize the TIM-

K

-Means algorithm, so that it can run on the Hadoop platform. The accuracy and error are used as measurement indicators, and the collected datasets are used for experiments to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the TI value and TIM-

K

-Means algorithm. In addition, the Alibaba cloud server is used to build the Hadoop cluster, and the feasibility of parallelization transformation of TIM-

K

-Means algorithm is verified by accelerated comparison. The results show that the parallelized TIM-

K

-Means has a good acceleration ratio, can save about 30% of the time under the same conditions, and can meet the actual needs of processing massive data in the context of big data. In multidocument automatic summarization, news clustering algorithm can gather the news with the same topic and provide cleaner and accurate data for visual automatic summarization, which is of great significance in the fields of public opinion supervision, hot topic discovery, emergency real-time tracking, and so on.
Detection of Adulteration of Panax Notoginseng Powder by Terahertz Technology
Authors: Li Bin , Yin Hai , Yang A-kun , Ouyang Ai-guo
Published: May 2022

The combined terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and chemometric technology is used to detect the adulteration of similar substances in Panax notoginseng powder. Four kinds of samples are prepared in the experiment, three kinds of adulterated samples are Panax notoginseng powder adulterating with zedoary turmeric powder, Panax notoginseng powder adulterating with wheat flour, and Panax notoginseng powder adulterating with rice flour, respectively. The values of adulterated concentration are from 5% to 60%, the interval of adulterated concentration is 5%, and the other sample is pure Panax notoginseng powder. The modeling and prediction sets are divided by 3 : 1 by class. The feature information of models is extracted by elimination of uninformative variable (UVE) method and successive projection algorithm (SPA); combining with back propagation neural network (BPNN), the UVE-BPNN and SPA-BPNN qualitative models are established, respectively. The model’s results show that the UVE-BPNN model is better; the classification accuracy of the prediction set of UVE-BPNN is 95%. Then, the least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) algorithm and partial least square (PLS) algorithm are used to establish the quantitative analysis model. The model’s results show that the LS-SVM model is better among the quantitative analysis models of zedoary turmeric powder and wheat flour, the correlation coefficient of prediction (RP) is 0.90 and 0.93 of LS-SVM, respectively, and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of LS-SVM is 0.072 and 0.068, respectively. Among the quantitative analysis models for rice noodles, the PLS model is better, with the RP of 0.94 and RMSEP of 0.06. The results show that the combined THz-TDS and chemometric technology can be used to determine the adulteration of similar substances in Panax notoginseng powder quickly, accurately, and nondestructively.
Prediction of Epidemic Transmission Path and Risk Management Method in Urban Subway
Authors: Xu Xiaojun , Xiong Sen , Huang Yifeng , Qin Rong
Published: May 2022

With the development of COVID-19, the epidemic prevention requirements of city subway system have become stricter. This study studies the transmission path of epidemic disease in city subway system. Using FLUENT software and AnyLogic software, the simulation models of subway platform ventilation structure and crowd behavior mode in subway system are constructed, respectively, and SEIR (vulnerable exposed affected recovered) is used as the general infection model of epidemic disease. According to the actual situation, the parameters such as shoulder width, flow, and moving speed of crowd are determined, and the simulation analysis of epidemic disease transmission in subway system is carried out. The analysis results show that the transmission speed of the disease in the subway will increase with the enhancement of the transmission capacity of the disease and the increase of the contact rate. When the disease transmission capacity is 0.14, the number of latent persons reaches the peak at 14.115 time units, which is 1374, and the number of patients reaches the peak at 28.541 time units, which is 1925. According to the simulation results, the simulation analysis results show that with the enhancement of disease transmission ability and the increase of exposure rate, the maximum number of latent and sick people in the subway environment will increase. The corresponding suggestions on risk management and control of infectious disease transmission in subway are put forward. The research results can provide a useful reference for the epidemic prevention management of urban subway transportation system in China.
Computer Navigation-Aided Excision of Proximal Femoral Osteochondroma: Surgical Technique
Authors: Sun Yang , Chan Chun Ming , Yu Feng , Li Yuan , Niu Xiaohui
Published: May 2022

Purpose. Symptomatic osteochondroma of the proximal femur necessitates a surgical excision. The purpose of this study was to describe a novel technique of computer navigation-aided excision for osteochondromata of the proximal femur. Outcomes of this technique are also presented. Methods. A total of 13 patients underwent computer navigation-aided excision of osteochondromata of the proximal femur from February 2012 to August 2016 in our institution. They were enrolled in this study. OrthoMap 3D (Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah, NJ, USA), a commercially available navigation software system, was used to merge computed tomography images of the proximal femur with an osteochondromata with the image of a normal proximal femur. Using the normal proximal femur as a template, intended resection margins for the proximal femur with osteochondromata were planned and then executed using intraoperative navigation guidance. Patients were followed up clinically and radiographically. The physical and mental health of patients was assessed with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. Results. Eight patients had isolated exostoses. Five patients had tumors associated with multiple hereditary exostoses. For tumors projecting posteriorly or posteromedially, a posterolateral approach was used. For tumors projecting anteriorly or medially, an anterior approach was used. Prophylactic fixation was performed in four patients who required an anterior approach. The mean duration of the surgery was 189 minutes. There were no intraoperative fractures or postoperative complications. A secondary procedure was not needed for any case. The mean MSTS score at a mean follow-up of 17 months was 28.6 (maximum MSTS score: 30). Conclusions. This is the first study to report a novel application of computer navigation for aiding the excision of osteochondromata of the proximal femur. It demonstrated favorable postoperative functional scores with a low rate of complications. The applicability, safety, and efficacy of this technique were demonstrated. It is particularly useful for resections involving large tumors that can obscure anatomical landmarks and for patients with associated proximal femoral deformity.