bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on enhancement of DNA conductivity by copper modification of mismatched base pairs
Authors: Liu Haiying , Yang Deqi , Tian Yigeng , Cheng Yingying
Published: October 2019

DNA is a potential material for nanodevices. Metallization is a promising way to improve its conductivity. Two copper modified mismatched base pairs were designed by H-by-Cu replacement. The conductivities of these base pairs were studied by density functional theory (DFT) combined with nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method. Energy levels of copper modified mismatched base pairs were firstly compared with those of mismatched base pairs. The results show that HOMO-LUMO gaps are narrowed significantly by copper modification. This change indicates that the modification can enhance electronic properties of the studied systems. Then longitudinal charge transport properties of DNA fragments composed by repeating multilayers of base pairs were investigated with the measurable conductivity indices. The results prove that conductivities of the copper modified mismatched DNA can be significantly improved compared with those of the unmodified. More importantly, the mechanism of the enhancement of H-by-Cu replacement was revealed. This work may provide some theoretical supports for designs of DNA-based nanodevices.
Simple mean-error estimation of a recalibration scheme for constant-temperature anemometry measurements
Authors: Suzuki Hiroki , Shikata Yoshiaki , Mochizuki Shinsuke , Hasegawa Yutaka
Published: October 2019

The present study has addressed the error of a recalibration scheme for constant-temperature anemometry (CTA) measurement proposed in a recent study. This recalibration scheme could reduce the effects of the ambient temperature change, which should be negligible in a CTA measurement. The present study has investigated a temporal variation of the error due to the use of the recalibration scheme. In the present study, a calibration curve produced by the recalibration scheme is validated using a temporally varying calibration curve, which is based on the general form of a calibration curve used in CTA measurement. The range of velocity U considered in the present study is U = 1 − 40 m/s. As a result, the relative error of the calibration curve is significant in the range of small velocity. The relative error of the gradient of the calibration curve, which is equivalent to the error of the velocity fluctuation, is also significant in the range of both small velocity and free-stream velocity. A simple cubic function could accurately approximate the temporal variation of these relative errors. Moreover, a simple form for calculating the mean value of the relative error could be derived and validated using the present numerical results.
Separation simulation studies of large disturbance and high speed at low altitude
Authors: Fan Siyi , Fei Wanghua , Guo Pengfei , Zhang Xuan , Yin Geling , Zhang Weiqiang , Shi Rui , Ma Ye
Published: October 2019

Based on the secondary development function of ADAMS/VIEW, a parameterized simulation model of aircraft separation simulation is established by the external Fortran subroutine. A five-dimensional aerodynamic matrix is established in the program. The fourdimensional interpolation algorithm is used to calculate the aerodynamic values of the six components in real time, and the time-varying six-component aerodynamic data is provided for the aircraft and the lower stage. Based on the preliminary simulation analysis, based on the fully parameterized dynamic model, the variables such as angle of attack, side slip angle, pitch angular velocity, yaw angular velocity, roll angular velocity, aerodynamic force, aerodynamic moment, mass, and moment of inertia, which plays a role in predicting separation.
Monte-Carlo simulation study for uncertainty evaluation in turbulent statistics obtained by constant-temperature anemometry
Authors: Fujita Kenji , Suzuki Hiroki , Mochizuki Shinsuke
Published: October 2019

We evaluate the uncertainty of a recalibration scheme correcting for measurements of constant-temperature anemometry (CTA), where an observed velocity by CTA would be affected by variations in ambient temperature in an experiment. The present study elucidates the characteristics of the uncertainty quantitatively. A temporally evolving calibration curve is used to examine the uncertainty of the calibration curve. In the present study, we consider the temporally evolving curve to be a reference curve. The calibration curve predicted by the scheme is first examined. Here, the uncertainty of the gradient of the calibration curve is also considered. A Monte-Carlo simulation investigates the uncertainty in intensity and higherorder statistics of output-voltage fluctuation. Using the gradient of the calibration curve, this study derives a model for the statistics of the output voltage fluctuation, which is validated by the numerical simulation based on the Monte-Carlo simulation.
Detection method of wash angle caused by wingtip vortex for formation flight
Authors: Tao Yang , Lin Jun , Liu Zhiyong , Wang Xiaobing , Xiong Neng
Published: October 2019

The largest civil aviation aircraft in operation, Boeing 787 and A380, have very strong wingtip eddies. Wingtip eddy currents generally have many adverse effects on the aircraft in its range of influence. The influence of tip eddy current will cause different wash angles in different areas after the aircraft. The purpose of this method is to obtain the wash angle at different positions by using the calculated data. The wash angle obtained has important reference significance for the wash correction and risk assessment of aircraft flying in the tip swirl region.
Thermogravimetric analysis of combustion characteristics of coal gangue and petroleum coke mixture
Authors: Song Changzhong , Liu Kun , Gong Zhen , Liu Yan
Published: October 2019

In order to improve the comprehensive combustion efficiency of the steam coal and reduce waste of resources, combustion experiments of petroleum coke and coal gangue were carried out by thermogravimetric analyser at different proportions and heating rates. Combustion characteristic curves (TG, DTG, DTA) and combustion characteristic parameters of the blended samples were analysed by thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The optimum combustion ratio and combustion characteristic parameters of the blended samples were explored. Experiments show that the combustion performance of petroleum coke and coal gangue is the best when the mixture ratio of petroleum coke and coal gangue is 4:1 in air atmosphere and the flow rate is 30ml/min, and the combustion characteristics of petroleum coke and coal gangue are better than that of single sample. The burning effect of the mixed fuel is the best. The exothermic area of 15°C/min and 25°C/min is greater than that of 20°C/min, which indicates that the heating rate of 20°C/min is not conducive to exothermic.
Prediction model of stroke recurrence based on support vector machine
Authors: Chang Wenbing , Liu Yinglai , Xu Xingxing , Zhou Shenghan
Published: October 2019

Stroke is a disease characterized by high morbidity, high disability and high mortality. In recent years, with the progress of society and the improvement of people’s living standards, the cure and survival rate of stroke is gradually increasing, but at the same time, cases of recurrent stroke have also increased. Among the patients who have experienced recurrent stroke, it often leads to higher mortality and disability than those first-ever stroke patients. Therefore, it is important to improve the risk awareness of patients and medical workers, and to make scientific and accurate predictions on whether patients relapse, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of stroke. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recurrence of stroke patients by analyzing the medical data of stroke patients, and to establish and develop a stroke prediction model based on Support Vector Machine (SVM). This model provides a basis for recurrence warning of stroke patients and rational allocation of medical resources.
An empirical assessment on provincial governance quality in China
Authors: Liu Jiandang , Yuan Huaxi , Wang Dong , Tang Jie , Qi Yunyun
Published: October 2019

Based on the existing literatures, this paper analyzes the panel data of provincial regions in China by using the global factor analysis method and the weighted average method. The results show that both the absolute and the relative improvements in government capacity, market ability and rule of law were higher in the majority of provinces studied in the central and western China between 2001 and 2015, while they were lower in most of provinces researched in the northeastern China.
On testing homogeneity of two covariance matrices with nonnormal data
Authors: Shen Jieqiong , Li Junyan
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we consider testing homogeneity of two high-dimensional covariance matrices without the normality assumption. The test statistic is constructed by the standard U-statistics. Furthermore, the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is derived under some mild assumptions. Simulations show that the proposed test performs well and better in several cases than some existing tests.
Determinants of non-cash payments in Asian countries
Authors: Chen Ruixin , Yamaka Woraphon , Osathanunkul Rossarin
Published: October 2019

Non-cash payments, such as payment cards and digital payment, are more efficient ways to complete transactions when compared to cash payment. This study investigates the factors that influence the use of non-cash payments in 10 Asian countries, namely China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam. A panel data is used in this study and the period 2016-2017 is considered. To address the ill-posed problem caused by limited observations, generalized maximum entropy (GME) estimator is employed. The purposes of the study are to identify the cross-country determinants of non-cash payments and prove that GME estimator is the most effective estimation method. The results of data show that online banking penetration and debit card penetration are important factors boosting non-cash payments. In addition, the sales of desktop-PCs and the number of individuals who overed 35 years are the determinants of non-cash payments.
Urbanization’s short-and long-term effects on CO2 emissions: evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Zhimin
Published: October 2019

It is necessary to investigate the nexus of China’s urbanization and carbon emissions, in order to better understand China’s carbon emissions abatement target. Urbanization’s impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has hysteretic effects, it takes time to fully materialize. Knowing this is helpful for policymakers to better coordinate CO2 mitigation and development. To this end, this study takes the panel data of 30 provinces/cities in China from 1995 to 2015 and applies the dynamic spatial panel data model to empirically analyze the short- and long-term effects of urbanization on CO2 emissions. The application of the novel approach brings some new discoveries: there exist spatial and time lag effects in China, in terms of CO2 emissions; urbanization progress has beneficial spatial spillover effects on CO2 abatement in both the short and long run; energy intensity also exerts significant short- and long-term directs as well as spillover effects on CO2 emissions; on the contrary, FDI and industrial structure have no significant impacts on CO2 emissions in China.
Inverse estimation of NOx emissions over China and India 2005–2016: contrasting recent trends and future perspectives
Authors: Itahashi Syuichi , Yumimoto Keiya , Kurokawa Jun-ichi , Morino Yu , Nagashima Tatsuya , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Maki Takashi , Ohara Toshimasa
Published: October 2019

Bottom-up emission inventories can provide valuable information for understanding emission status and are needed as input datasets to drive chemical transport models. However, this type of inventory has the disadvantage of taking several years to be compiled because it relies on a statistical dataset. Top-down approaches use satellite data as a constraint and overcome this disadvantage. We have developed an immediate inversion system to estimate anthropogenic NO
x
emissions with NO2 column density constrained by satellite observations. The proposed method allows quick emission updates and considers model and observation errors by applying linear unbiased optimum estimations. We used this inversion system to estimate the variation of anthropogenic NO
x
emissions from China and India from 2005 to 2016. On the one hand, NO
x
emissions from China increased, reaching a peak in 2011 with 29.5 Tg yr−1, and subsequently decreased to 25.2 Tg yr−1 in 2016. On the other hand, NO
x
emissions from India showed a continuous increase from 2005 to 2016, reaching 13.9 Tg yr−1 in 2016. These opposing trends from 2011 to 2016 were −0.83 and +0.76 Tg yr−1 over China and India, respectively, and correspond to strictly regulated and unregulated future scenarios. Assuming these trends continue after 2016, we expect NO
x
emissions from China and India will be similar in 2023, with India becoming the world’s largest NO
x
emissions source in 2024.
Attitudes and beliefs of consumers towards pig welfare and pork quality
Authors: Font-i-Furnols M , Skrlep M , Aluwé M
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of consumer attitudes and beliefs regarding pig welfare and quality of pork meat. Regarding animal welfare, several aspects of farm management and practice were considered, with an emphasis on alternatives to surgical castration without pain control, such as entire male production, castration with anaesthesia and immunocastration. Organic production was also considered. For meat quality, aspects of sensory quality were studied, specifically those related to boar taint, again including organically produced meat. A wide variety of consumer attitudes and beliefs are revealed in these studies as being strongly dependent on culture and influenced by information provided. These insights can be used when producing and commercializing pork and pork products as well as when developing marketing strategies to reach various consumers and satisfy market demands.
Trends in chemometrics and meat products
Authors: Putnik P , Granato D , Gomes Da Cruz A , Ye Rodionova O , Pomerantsev A , Rocchetti G , Lucini L , Bursac Kovacevic D
Published: October 2019

Chemometrics is a set of mathematical and statistical methods that are used to detect food fraud, predict microbial growth, and optimize design of experiments, while extracting useful information from large and complex datasets. Complex datasets quite often have numerous sources of variations, with one or more dependent variables assessed against the two or more dependent variables, hence the need to employ some type of multivariate statistics. It is critical to decrease the chances of type I error, by comparing (calculating) all the effects of independent variables in a single multivariate test. The most common types of multivariate tests include multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), various forms of factor analysis (such as principal component analysis, PCA), and mathematical modeling. Bioactive compounds of plant origin possess desirable health benefits and hence are interesting for functional meat processing. The extraction and processing of bioactive compounds mostly revolve around the central problems of thermal (in)stability and environmental issues that are relevant for industry. Here, multivariate statistics can offer the best mathematical solutions for optimal industrial production or can devise various indexes that are able to follow changes of the entire chemical footprint during the extraction of target compounds. For instance, multivariate statistics is useful to determine optimal extraction parameters for antioxidants, while simultaneously evaluating the effects and interactions of extraction parameters.
Innovative technologies for fruit extracts: Value-added opportunities in the meat industry
Authors: Bursac Kovacevic D , Barba F J , Lorenzo J M , Rocchetti G , Lucini L , Putnik P
Published: October 2019

Consumers have concerns about the safety of synthetic antioxidants, and therefore, the use of natural antioxidants is increasing. Fruits are rich sources of various antioxidants that can be used in the meat industry as replacements for synthetic antioxidants. The naturally occurring antioxidants in fruit (e.g. polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins) have attracted interest due to their bioactivity, to which many beneficial healthy effects are prescribed. It is well known that oxidation decreases the sensory and nutritive value of food products, whereas antioxidants added to foods can preserve the lipid components from quality deterioration. Therefore, the use of naturally extracted antioxidants from fruit could be useful to meet industry and consumers’ expectations of safe and high-quality products. Recently, innovative extraction methods have been developed in order to obtain highly valued extracts for further industrial use. In particular, non-thermal technologies showed many advantages over traditional conventional methods, and therefore, much attention is paid to optimizing these lower temperature processing parameters to obtain higher yields and higher quality extracts. Incorporation of fruit extracts consisting of various bioactive compounds in processed meat will result in value-added products with associated health benefits.
Application of essential oil and supercritical fluid extracts in meat processing
Authors: Tomovic V , Sojic B , Jokanovic M , Skaljac S , Pavlic B
Published: October 2019

The meat industry is demanding antioxidants from natural sources to replace synthetic antioxidants because of their potential negative health consequences. These compounds are classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and their application alone or combined with essential oils, ingredients or preservation technologies have beneficial effects on meat products. Although steam distillation is the most common industrial technique for essential oil extraction, novel technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction have emerged to address the drawbacks of the traditional extraction method and to obtain high-quality essential oils. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of essential oil obtained using the traditional or a novel extraction technique as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents in meat products. Based on this literature review, it can be concluded that essential oil addition in fresh and processed meat and meat products can delay, retard, or prevent lipid oxidation, retard development of off-flavors (rancidity), improve microbiological quality and extend shelf-life.
Temperature regime and formation of carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines
Authors: Polak T , Lusnic Polak M , Brezovnik S , Demsar L
Published: October 2019

The effects of thermal treatment conditions on the 2-amino-1-methyl-6- phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) levels formed in pork samples of different matrices (pork steak vs. pork mince) were studied. Oven air temperature oscillations above the set-point temperature of 200 °C were produced using an on-off controller. Oscillations that reached 1.2 °C amplitude showed formation of one-fifth to one-tenth the PhIP levels in the pork steak and mince compared to the maximum air temperature oscillations that produced temperatures of up to 211.5 °C. The MeIQx levels in pork steaks were not significantly affected by the temperature oscillations, while they were doubled in pork mince. To reduce the levels of these heterocyclic aromatic amines, an oven with precise temperature control is significantly more important than other options during the cooking of pork.
Evolution of amino acids and biogenic amines in traditional dry-fermented sausage Sjenički sudžuk during processing
Authors: Ikonic P , Jokanovic M , Peulic T , Cucevic N , Tomicic Z , Skaljac S , Ivic M
Published: October 2019

The evolution of free amino acids and biogenic amines during 23 days of drying and ripening was determined in the traditional, dry-fermented sausage, Sjenički sudžuk. The concentration of most amino acids increased significantly (P < 0.05) over time, giving rise to a final concentration of total free amino acids of 600 mg/100g dry matter. Thus, the chief precursors became available for indigenous aminogenic microbiota, enabling formation and accumulation of biogenic amines. Total biogenic amines reached the level of 399 mg/kg by day 23 of processing. Putrescine and tyramine were the predominant amines. Their concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05) during processing, ranging from 91.9 to 212 mg/kg and from 48.5 to 147 mg/kg, respectively. A positive outcome of this study is the very low registered concentration of histamine (9.69 mg/kg), the most important amine both from the toxicological and hygienic points of view.
Zinc migration into liver pâté and pâté with ham packaged in black colored polypropylene containers
Authors: Petrovic Z , Lakicevic B , Nastasijevic I , Milicevic D , Spiric D , Nikolic D
Published: October 2019

The European food contact legislation requires verification of compliance for migration of substances from plastics food contact materials with both overall and specific migration limits. To do so in this study, migration tests were carried out using food simulant and food under well specified time and temperature conditions. A total of 28 samples of liver pâté or pâté with ham packaged in black polypropylene containers were examined for the presence of Zn according to Serbian regulation after 14 months’ storage from their production dates, and data were compared to results obtained by testing empty, unused containers according to EU legislation. Elevated Zn concentrations of 161.27-327.54 mg/kg (above the maximum prescribed limit of 100 mg/kg) were registered in pâté from zones in contact with the polypropylene packaging, while pâté in zones not in contact with packaging had lower Zn levels (9.98-15.08 mg/kg).
Risk assessment and risk management of contaminants in the feed to food chain
Authors: Radulovic S , Sefer D , Markovic R , Lukic M , Nikolic A , Milicevic D
Published: October 2019

In feed production processes, factories usually produce different mixtures within the same production line. Consequently, remainders of the first-produced feed can stay in the system and be mixed with the following feed charge. This type of transfer (carry-over) is unavoidable in the production systems currently used, and thus, non-medicated feed can be contaminated with veterinary drugs present in a previously manufactured charge of medicated feed. The carry-over of veterinary medicinal products is associated with the risk of residues remaining in the tissues of treated animals at the time of slaughter and poses a health hazard to consumers. Producing safe feed and food products is, first and foremost, a question of good management practices at each stage of the feed and food chain, from primary production to final processing. Primary responsibility for feed safety rests with the feed business operator, who must ensure that all stages of production, processing and distribution under their control are carried out in accordance with relevant legislation, good manufacturing practice and principles contained in the HACCP system. Concrete steps for feed manufacturers to prevent drug carry-over are using one or more approved cleanout procedures of manufacturing equipment, such as cleaning, flushing or sequencing.
Postmortem glycolysis and pork quality
Authors: Stajkovic S , Vasilev D , Teodorovic V , Karabasil N
Published: October 2019

After an animal is harvested for meat, the skeletal muscle initiates a myriad of biochemical pathways in an attempt to maintain energy homeostasis. Anaerobic glycolysis is responsible for the generation of ATP to help meet energy demand and for the decrease in pH by generating H+. Both the rate and the extent of the post-mortem pH decline are paramount in the context of the development of pork quality attributes, such as color, water holding capacity, and texture. Pale, soft and exudative meat and dark, firm, and dry meat are two of the major quality defects facing the pork meat industry. Because glycolysis has the potential to affect meat quality attributes either positively or negatively, evaluating its regulation post-mortem is fundamental to understanding meat quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate factors that affect mechanism of glycolysis. Special consideration will be given to meat quality attributes and development of pork quality defects.
Qualitative properties of traditionally produced dry fermented sausages from meat of the autochthonous Mangalitsa pig breed
Authors: Parunovic N , Savic R , Radovic C
Published: October 2019

The interest in autochthonous meat products from local pig breeds managed in comprehensive, sustainable breeding programs is expanding in Europe. Dry fermented sausages in Serbia and other southern European countries are highly appreciated food specialties. It is, therefore, desirable that study attempts to improve the quality of food and the security of traditional, dry sausages will result in products that are of higher added value and have quality standards that best meet the needs of contemporary customers. Meat and meat products from traditional pig breeds usually have an excellent public and media reputation, and are often regarded as better than the meat and meat products of conventionally raised pigs and crossbreed pigs. Traditional, dry fermented sausages, with their characteristic chemical contents and sensory properties, can be produced with suitable proportions of meat and backfat from the indigenous Mangalitsa pig breed. These outcomes should hopefully encourage the sustainable breeding of endangered Mangalitsa pigs, as there are market opportunities for kulen and sremska sausages.
Preservation of meat and meat products using nanoencapsulated thyme and oregano essential oils
Authors: Boskovic M , Glisic M , Djordjevic J , Vranesevic J , Djordjevic V , Baltic M Z.
Published: October 2019

Among other plants, thyme and oregano are commonly used in Mediterranean cuisine, especially in meat dishes. Although the essential oils of these two plants possess great antimicrobial and antioxidative properties, their application as natural meat preservatives are limited due to hydrophobicity, sensitivity to external factors and interaction with food components. Furthermore, essential oils can have adverse impacts on meat’s organoleptic properties. A possible way to overcome these barriers is by incorporating essential oils into nanometric delivery systems. Nano-sizing essential oils increases their stability, protects them, and allows their controlled release. This enhances the bioavailability of the essential oils and reduces their possible adverse impact on meat products’ organoleptic properties by preventing their unwanted interactions with food components. The antibacterial and antioxidative effect of nanoencapsulated essential oils is confirmed in numerous studies, and some of them show that in this form, essential oils were potent in food models e.g. beef burgers, pâté and rainbow trout. However, a more promising way to introduce nano forms of essential oils into foods is incorporating them in packaging systems.
Effects of RYR1 gene mutation on the health, welfare, carcass and meat quality in slaughter pigs
Authors: Cobanovic N , Stajkovic S , Grkovic N , Suvajdzic B , Vasilev D , Karabasil N
Published: October 2019

This study assessed the effects of RYR1 mutation on the health, welfare, and carcass and meat quality in slaughter pigs. Any signs of pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, and liver milk spots were recorded as present or absent. At exsanguination, blood samples were collected and RYR1 genotype, blood lactate and glucose concentrations were determined. The following carcass quality traits were measured: live, hot and cold carcass weights, backfat thickness, loin muscle thickness, lean meat content and skin lesion score. pH and temperature of M.longissimus dorsiand M.semimembranosuswere measured 45 minutes postmortem. Nn pigs were more affected by pneumonia, had higher blood lactate and glucose concentrations and more developedrigor mortisthan NN pigs. NN pigs had lower daily weight gain, produced lighter carcasses, more fat and less meat than Nn pigs. Meat obtained from Nn pigs was of a lower quality class than meat obtained from NN pigs, as shown by the lower pH and higher temperatures measured 45 minutespost mortemin both muscles and higher prevalence of pale, soft and exudative meat. In conclusion, the presence of a mutant n allele in pigs positively affected carcass quality traits, but had a deleterious effect on health, welfare and meat quality.
Sustainability of animal origin food waste in Serbia
Authors: Djekic S , Tomasevic I , Miloradovic Z , Subić J , Roljević S , Djekic I
Published: October 2019

This research analysed attitudes related to food waste sustainability and estimated amounts of animal origin food waste and food packaging waste discarded in Serbia. The field survey covered 494 respondents from Belgrade, Serbia. Results present their degree of agreement with nine selected food waste sustainability statements and their reported quantities of discarded animal origin food waste and food packaging waste. Our study showed respondents have a higher rate of agreement related to the negative social and environmental dimensions of food waste, while they have no opinions associated with the economic dimensions. Regarding animal origin food waste quantities, it is estimated that households dispose around 200 g of waste every week (11.3 kg per year) and slightly under 30 different pieces of food packaging. On an annual basis, 7,234 tons of CO2 emissions can be associated with animal origin food waste and 706.4 tons with food packaging waste in Serbia.
Safety of milk and whey from Zlatibor region in relation to aflatoxin M1 contamination: a seasonal study
Authors: Milicevic D , Jankovic S , Muric K , Petrovic Z , Petronijevic R , Raseta M , Djinovic-Stojanovic J
Published: October 2019

The objectives of this study were to assess aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in cow and goat milk and whey samples collected from small dairy producers in rural areas of Zlatibor. The study involved a total of 60 samples of cow milk (n=15), cow whey (n=15), goat milk (n=15) and goat whey (n=15). In order to elucidate the distribution and stability of AFM1 during milk processing, cheese manufacturing trials were performed using cow milk naturally contaminated with different concentrations of AFM1 (<0.05 to >0.25μg kg−1). AFM1 concentrations were measured using a validated immunoassay method (ELISA). None of the samples of milk or whey collected from areas of Zlatibor were contaminated with AFM1. Contrary to that, in all of the analysed samples of whey obtained from contaminated cow milk, AFM1 was detected. We conclude that whey contains 40-60% of the amount of AFM1 present in milk. The results obtained indicate the intensification of dairy production and the supplementation with commercial feed such as maize could be risk factors that impact on the AFM1 incidence in contaminated milk. In addition, our study demonstrates there is a potential health risk due to the consumption of whey obtained from contaminated milk.
A novel fat modification strategy in fermented sausages by incorporation of gelled emulsions with fig seed oil
Authors: Ozturk-Kerimoglu B , Serpil Kavusan H , Mulazimoglu Y , Aksehirli B , Aygun A , Serdaroglu M
Published: October 2019

Gelled emulsion (GE) systems are one of the novel proposals for reformulation of meat products with healthier profiles. In this study, the quality of fermented sausages formulated with fig oil seed-in-water GE as partial or total beef fat replacers were studied. Control sausages (C) consisted of 100% beef fat, whereas GE treatments were formulated by replacing 50% (G1) or 100% (G2) of beef fat. Total replacement of beef fat with GE (G2 sausages) did not change 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in the sausages, whilst G1 sausages containing 50% GE had the highest TBARS levels among the sausages. In general, TBARS levels tended to increase at the end of the storage. The highest total carbonyl content was measured in C sausages with 100% beef fat; however, the final carbonyl contents of the sausages were not different. All sensory parameters were within acceptable ranges; color scores were higher in G2 sausages than in C sausages, and the rest of the sensory characteristics were similar to each other. Finally, it was concluded that utilization of gelled emulsion systems consisting of fig seed oil GE as beef fat replacers has good potential to enhance the chemical and sensory quality of fermented sausages.
Physico-chemical parameters and acceptability and of spleentreated beef patties
Authors: Ozunlu O , Ergezer H , Gokce R , Akdogan A , Akcan T
Published: October 2019

Iron deficiency is one of the world’s most common disorders and it occurs when the amount of iron available is insufficient to meet an individual’s needs. Spleen is known as a food product rich in iron content, and is a cheap offal. Therefore, consumption of spleen, both directly and indirectly, and especially for the treatment of anemia (iron deficiency) disorder is advised by the medical profession. However, consumption of cooked spleen is unacceptable to many people, due to its bloody structure. In this study, the effect of adding spleen at 0, 5, 10 or 15% to beef patties was studied and physico-chemical (pH, color and iron content) and sensory changes (color, odor, chewiness, flavor and overall acceptability) in the patties were investigated. Along with incremental increases of spleen content in beef patties, pH and iron content were increased, lightness L* and redness a* values were decreased, but yellowness b* values were not significantly different between the patties with added spleen (P>0.05). In terms of sensory analysis, panelists generally appreciated the patties with 10% spleen more than the other spleen levels.
Fatty acid composition of Acipenseridae – sturgeon fish
Authors: Pelic M , Vidakovic Knezevic S , Zivkov Balos M , Popov N , Novakov N , Cirkovic M , Ljubojevic Pelic D
Published: October 2019

Fish meat is considered to have a beneficial nutritional composition and a favorable effect on human health. Fish meat is a significant source of highly unsaturated fatty acids with beneficial effects on health of consumers. Therefore, knowledge of the fat, protein and especially quality of lipids in fish is very important. The objective of this summary is to synthesize data on the fatty acid composition of different sturgeon species, the meats of which could become more common in Serbia. Sturgeon, due to their favorable sensory properties, are of increasing interest to consumers. These fish are also interesting to fish farms because they are relatively easy to breed, grow fast, and are relatively resistant to diseases. Quality parameters of sturgeon meat are not well studied and there are few data to date.
Problems in determining the nutrition declaration for unpacked meat products – example of domestic cooked sausage
Authors: Raseta M , Jovanovic J , Brankovic Lazic I , Trbovic D , Mrdovic B , Beckei Z , Djordjevic V
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to determine the degree of change that unpacked pasteurized (i.e. cooked) sausages undergo during their shelf-life. For that purpose, unpacked domestic cooked sausages were examined for basic nutritional parameters, as are required to be stated on labels by local and EU legislation, at the beginning (day 1) and end of their shelf-life (day 40). Results showed the examined parameters varied significantly (the % variance range was 41.5-129.4%), which vastly exceeds the tolerance of variation limits allowed in the legislation (20-50%). The results obtained show the responsible authority would be unable to adequately control the nutrition declaration of these unpacked domestic cooked sausages. The inability to maintain the nutritional content according to the declaration of these unpacked meat products during their shelf-life is a great challenge for quality control of this type of meat product at retail.
Trace elements and heavy metals in multifloral honeys from Serbia
Authors: Spiric D , Ciric J , Teodorovic V , Nikolic D , Nikolic A , Radicevic T , Jankovic S
Published: October 2019

This study was to determine the contents and any correlations of As, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd and Pb in multifloral honeys. Honey, among other bee products, is a good bioindicator since it can reveal the connections between soil, plants and honeybees. Ninety-two samples of multifloral honey were collected from the retail market during the 2018 vegetation season and analyzed to determine mineral content. Analysis of the elements was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The most abundant element was Fe, with average concentration of 2.21 ± 1.00 mg/kg, followed by Zn, Cu, Pb, As and Cd. The results obtained show positive correlations: Zn-As, Fe-As, Fe-Cu, Fe-Cd, Cd-Cu and Cd-Pb. Negative correlations are noticeable between Pb and all other minerals except Cd.
Chromium content in the meat of male Saanen goat kids from Vojvodina (Northern Serbia)
Authors: Tomovic V , Jokanovic M , Sojic B , Skaljac S , Lazovic M , Vasiljevic I , Tomasevic I , Nikolic I , Vujadinovic D , Tomovic M
Published: October 2019

Goats, the earliest ruminant to be domesticated, are traditional sources of meat, milk, fibre, leather, related products of animal origin and as draught and pack animals. Meat is the major product of the goat. Meat quality is the sum of all sensory, nutritive, technological and hygienic-toxicological factors of meat.

The aims of this study were to investigate the chromium content of four different muscles (M. psoas major, M. longissimus dorsi, M. semimembranosus and M. triceps brachii) of Saanen goat male kids and to determine whether the chromium contents differed between the muscles. Chromium content was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), after dry ashing mineralisation. The studied muscles did not significantly differ (P >0.05) with respect to chromium content. The chromium content ranged from 0.012 to 0.067 mg/100 g, with an average of 0.026 mg/100 g.
Air quality and impact on food safety
Authors: Veskovic Moracanin S , Memisi N , Djukic D , Milijasevic M , Borovic B , Raseta M
Published: October 2019

Air is an important potential source of contamination in different areas of human endeavor (medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food industry etc.). During the various technological procedures of producing and processing food, its contamination by polluting substances contained in air, such as suspended particles (physical contamination), combustion products and volatile organic substances (chemical contamination) and biological pollutants (bacteria, viruses, molds and mites) very often occurs. Although the sources of air contamination are numerous (poor construction aspects of the building, improper air conditioning and ventilation, etc.), basic and common sources are people and their activities in food production plants. The task of responsible food production is to adequately and continuously implement good production practices, and thereby, prevent potentially harmful practices, to ensure environmental health and safety for the life and work of the staff in that environment, and to create conditions for safe food production, while protecting the environment.
Phytochemical Screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of some plant extracts and their mixtures
Authors: Mahmood M H , Osama A K , Makky E A , Rahim M H , Ali N H M , Hazrudin N D
Published: October 2019

Various phytochemicals and bioactive compounds are sourced from medicinal plants. This study focused on finding the most potent plant extracts whose combination could exhibit better antioxidant and antimicrobial activities compared to the efficacy of the individual extracts. The combined plant extracts were O. stamineus, E. longifolia, A. bilimbi, P. granatum, and M. nigra. Ultrasound extraction technique was used for the extraction of the plant material before screening the extracts for the presence of several phytochemical groups. After the screening for the presence of phytochemicals, the extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against five microorganisms (S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. vulgaris, E. coli, and C. albicans) at 3 different concentrations (600, 400 and 200 mg/mL) using disc diffusion method. The aim of this antimicrobial screening was to identify and select the most potent extracts for the combination study. From the screening result, P. ganatum and M. nigra had the highest antimicrobial activity against all the tested organisms, as well as the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity of 95.40 % (IC50 = 120.2 μg/mL) and 90.20 % (IC50 = 330.0 μg/mL), respectively. Hence, both extracts were combined and screened for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities at the same concentration range but at different combination ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 (v/v). The results showed the extract mixtures at different combination ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 (v/v) to exhibit good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, the combination ratio of 1:1 gave the best antioxidant activity as it achieved an IC50 value of 82.0 μg/mL. Therefore, it is concluded that the mixture of the selected extracts exhibited strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, coupled with a significant level of antifungal activity.
Design and test of tilling depth measurement device based on angle sensor
Authors: Li C , He Y , Feng Q , Jiang K , Wang X , Zhang C
Published: October 2019

Inter-tillage is one of the most important methods to increase crop yield, reasonable tillage depth can improve crop yield and economic benefits. In the research, an angle sensor-based tillage depth measurement device was designed and its function was tested. The tillage depth measurement device was mainly composed of a supporting palm, an angle sensor, a spring, shaft components, a connection block, a regulating damper and so on, through reasonably designing the geometric structure of the supporting palm in the tillage depth measurement device and combining with the angle sensor, the information of tillage depth was converted into electrical signal, and the linear relationship between tillage depth and electrical signal was obtained. In laboratory test, the calibration and accuracy verification experiments of the tillage depth measurement device were carried out. The correlation coefficient (r) of reference values and measured values using the tillage depth measurement device was 0.9996 with the standard error (SE) of 0.08 cm. In field test, the accuracy of the tillage depth measurement device was also verified with the maximum absolute error of 0.8cm. The research results showed that the measurement device based on angle sensor had high measurement accuracy, providing a simple and direct tillage depth measurement method.
Coupling of urban green space system and sponge city construction
Authors: Pan X J
Published: October 2019

Through quantitatively analyzing the implementation of the sponge city concept in urban green space systems, this research explored the role of urban green spaces in collecting and using rainwater in a urban landscaping. By combining the ecological and recreational functions of the urban green spaces, as well as appropriate quantitative indexes, reasonable approaches for applying rainwater collection, infiltration and retention technologies in urban green space design and construction are suggested. Thus, the implementation of the sponge city concept in the initial planning stage of green spaces was considered. The Taihu New City in Wuxi was chosen as study case. Thus, this paper combined current planning status between green space and rainwater collection systems and analyzed them. As result, usable green spaces for the sponge city construction were obtained. Also, details on the construction characteristics of various usable green spaces were acquired. The role of these green spaces in the sponge city construction were classified and quantitatively assessed and compared with relevant standards. On the basis of guaranteeing green space intended purposes, this paper analyzed the results of coordinating the green space areas with rainwater collection systems and specified the role of various green spaces in the rainwater collection.
The effectiveness of the introduction of promising varieties and new technology in the cultivation of common hops
Authors: Korotkov A V , Pushkarenko N N , Vasiliev A O , Medvedev V I , Akimov A P , Yunusov G S
Published: October 2019

In the conditions of the middle zone of the Russian Federation, incl. the Chuvash Republic, it is possible to cultivate early, mid-early and mid-season hop varieties: Tsivil'skii, Druzhnyi; Sumer', Krylatskii, Podvyaznyi, Mikhailovskii, Favorit, Flagman, Feodal, Forvard and Fakir with a growing season of 95-120 days, with a certain ratio of bitter substances and essential oils, with the appropriate cultivation technology. On the newly restored plantations, the location of the pillar rows - 10 m, for the use of general purpose tractors, it is recommended to hold the tab of hops with 3.3 m spacing between rows, and 1.1 m in the rows between the plants. The use of autumn pruning of the main rhizomes of hops accelerates the emergence of sprouts and reduces the duration of the phases of growth and development in the spring time. The use of new technologies and innovative techniques allow reducing the cost of 123 person days in comparison with the traditional technology.
Influence of spatial structure of road greening on particle diffusion
Authors: Liang F H , Liu Y , Shi Y Y , Liu H Q , Zhang C
Published: October 2019

In order to study the influence of the transparency and crown density of road green belts on particle dispersion, the green belts along Tinjing highway in Tianjin, China, were selected to study in this study and the green space was divided into four types, which respectively were the high crown density-high transparency green space, the low crown density-low transparency green space, the high crown density-low transparency green space and the low crown density-high transparency green space. The particle pollution concentration in sidewalk and green space was researched in the four types of green space. It was concluded that: in the sidewalk, the high crown density-high transparency green space was the most adverse to the diffusion of automobile exhaust pollutants because those contents of pm2.5, pm10 and dust were all the highest; in the green space, the high crown density-high transparency green space and the low crown density-low transparency green space were the most adverse to the diffusion of automobile exhaust pollutants because those contents of pm2.5, pm10 and dust were all the highest. So among the four types of green space, the high crown density-high transparency green space was the most adverse to pollutant diffusion.