bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Hypercoagulability in Free Flap Reconstructions Performed for Intracranial Tumors
Authors: Lilly Gabriela L. , Sweeny Larissa , Santucci Nicole , Cannady Steven , Frost Ariel , Anagnos Vincent , Curry Joseph , Sagalow Emily , Freeman Cecilia , Puram Sidharth V , Pipkorn Patrik , Slijepcevic Allison , Fuson Andrew , Bonaventure Caroline , Wax Mark K.
Published: October 2022

Objective(s)

Patients with intracranial tumors have a higher risk of thromboembolic events. This risk increases at the time of surgical intervention. We have noted an anecdotal increase in perioperative flap thrombosis in patients undergoing free tissue transfer for intracranial tumor resection. This study aims to formally evaluate this risk.

Methods

A multi‐institutional retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent free tissue transfer for scalp/cranial reconstruction. Perioperative thrombosis and free flap outcomes were evaluated.

Results

The 209 patients who underwent 246 free tissue transfers were included in the study. The 28 free flap scalp reconstructions were associated with intracranial tumors, 19 were performed following composite cranial resections with associated dural resection/reconstruction, and 199 were performed in the absence of intracranial tumors (control group). There was a significantly higher incidence of perioperative flap thrombosis in the intracranial tumor group (11/28, 39%) when compared to controls (38/199, 19%) (p = 0.0287). This was not seen when scalp tumors extended to the dura alone (4/19, 21%, p = 0.83). Therapeutic anticoagulation used for perioperative thrombosis (defined as intraoperative or in the immediate postoperative phase up to 5 days) was associated with a lower risk of flap failure, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.148). Flap survival rates were equivalent between flaps performed for intracranial pathology (93.3%) and controls (95%).

Conclusion

There is an increase in perioperative flap thrombosis in patients with intracranial tumors undergoing free tissue scalp reconstruction. Anticoagulation appears to mitigate this risk.

Level of Evidence

This recommendation is based on level 3 evidence (retrospective case–control studies, systematic review of retrospective studies, and case reports) Laryngoscope, 133:1103–1109, 2023
Correlation of Esophageal Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance With Markers of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Kurylo Christopher M. , Eastwood Daniel , Blumin Joel H. , Johnston Nikki , Bock Jonathan M.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) is a measure of the esophageal epithelial barrier function calculated via high‐resolution impedance manometry and can be used as a diagnostic tool and treatment response predictor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, its utility for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been minimally studied. We aimed to investigate the relationship of MNBI between patients with suspected LPR, healthy controls, and their 24‐h multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (MII‐pH) study results.

Methods

Retrospective patient series analysis was performed of patients with suspected LPR and healthy controls who underwent 24‐h MII‐pH monitoring. MNBI values were calculated from impedance channels at the level of the hypopharynx, proximal esophagus, and distal esophagus. We compared these MNBI values between the subject groups with secondary analysis on MII‐pH results, reflux symptom index, reflux findings score, DeMeester score, and salivary pepsin levels.

Results

Twenty‐three patients with suspected LPR and 14 healthy controls were enrolled. Decreased distal esophageal MNBI was found to be significantly decreased in patients with suspected LPR compared with healthy controls (p < 0.01) and in subjects with positive MII‐pH studies compared to negative MII‐pH studies (p < 0.01). There were no significant correlations of MNBI at the hypopharynx or proximal esophagus.

Conclusion

Distal esophageal MNBI has significant correlations with many phenotypic and biological markers of LPR. These findings indicate that MNBI has the potential to be applied to LPR, similar to its emerging use as a diagnostic tool and treatment response predictor for GERD.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1927–1932, 2023
GC–MS analysis of oxysterols and their formation in cultivated liver cells (HepG2)
Authors: Koch Elisabeth , Bagci Mustafa , Kuhn Michael , Hartung Nicole M. , Mainka Malwina , Rund Katharina M. , Schebb Nils Helge
Published: October 2022

Oxysterols play a key role in many (patho)physiological processes and they are potential biomarkers for oxidative stress in several diseases. Here we developed a rapid gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometry‐based method for the separation and quantification of 11 biologically relevant oxysterols bearing hydroxy, epoxy, and dihydroxy groups. Efficient chromatographic separation (resolution ≥ 1.9) was achieved using a medium polarity 35%‐diphenyl/65%‐dimethyl polysiloxane stationary phase material (30 m × 0.25 mm inner diameter and 0.25 μm film thickness). Based on thorough analysis of the fragmentation during electron ionization we developed a strategy to deduce structural information of the oxysterols. Optimized sample preparation includes (i) extraction with a mixture of n‐hexane/iso‐propanol, (ii) removal of cholesterol by solid phase extraction with unmodified silica, and (iii) trimethylsilylation. The method was successfully applied on the analysis of brain samples, showing consistent results with previous studies and a good intra‐ and interday precision of ≤20%. Finally, we used the method for the investigation of oxysterol formation during oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Incubation with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide led to a massive increase in free radical formed oxysterols (7‐keto‐chol > 7β‐OH‐chol >> 7α‐OH‐chol), while 24 h incubation with the glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL3 showed no increase in oxidative stress based on the oxysterol pattern. Overall, the new method described here enables the robust analysis of a biologically meaningful pattern of oxysterols with high sensitivity and precision allowing us to gain new insights in the biological formation and role of oxysterols.
A good reason to buy: Justification drives the effect of advertising frames on impulsive socially responsible buying
Authors: Moes Anne , Fransen Marieke , Verhagen Tibert , Fennis Bob
Published: October 2022

Today, consumers expect companies to be socially responsible. However, the literature is undecided about the effects of communicating one's corporate social responsibility activities to consumers. This raises the question of how sustainability‐driven companies can best advertise their products to stimulate ethical consumption: using self‐benefit frames, where the main beneficiary is the consumer, or using other‐benefit frames, where the main beneficiary is a third party. Using three experiments, this study examines the effect of other‐benefit (vs. self‐benefit) advertising frames on consumers' impulse purchases from sustainability‐driven companies. Increasing impulse purchases can help such companies to strengthen their competitive positions. Additionally, it is studied to what extent two types of justification (moral versus deservingness) explain the proposed effect of advertising frames. The results show that only other‐benefit frames affect impulse buying behavior, both directly, as mediated by moral justification. This study's insights may help sustainability‐driven companies to decide on their advertising strategies by providing evidence that other‐benefit‐framed advertisements are more effective in enhancing impulse purchases than self‐benefit‐framed advertisements.
Diagnostic Performance of Putaminal Hypointensity on Susceptibility MRI in Distinguishing Parkinson Disease from Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mao Zhijuan , Yu Ying
Published: October 2022

Background

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) have similar clinical signs and symptoms, making accurate clinical diagnosis difficult. T2* gradient echo (T2* GRE), susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) are susceptibility MR imaging sequences that provide more information about brain iron levels than other conventional MR imaging.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic power of putaminal hypointensity on T2* GRE, SWI, and QSM in distinguishing PSP from IPD.

Methods

Eligible studies were identified via systematic searches of PubMed and Clarivate Analytics® Web of Science® Core Collection. Studies that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed. A meta‐analysis was conducted using the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve approach.

Results

Our literature search of the two databases yielded 562 primary articles, 10 of which were deemed relevant and only six were eligible for further analyses. We performed a meta‐analysis of putaminal hypointensity measurements: 438 patients with IPD and 109 patients with PSP were enrolled in the quantitative synthesis. The meta‐analysis of six studies with 547 patients revealed a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33%–90%) and specificity of 91% (95% CI: 80%–96%) for putaminal hypointensity on T2* GRE, SWI, or QSM distinguishing PSP from IPD.

Conclusions

Putaminal hypointensity on T2* GRE, SWI, or QSM is able to distinguish patients with PSP from those with IPD with high specificity. Further multicenter prospective studies on patients are needed to verify our results.
Artificial intelligence adoption in a monopoly market
Authors: Gans Joshua S.
Published: October 2022

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) prediction of demand by a monopolist firm is examined. It is shown that, in the absence of AI prediction, firms face complex trade‐offs in setting price and quantity ahead of demand that impact on the returns of AI adoption. Different industrial environments with differing flexibility of prices and/or quantity ex post also impact on AI returns as does the time horizon of AI prediction. While AI has positive benefits for firms in terms of profitability, its impact on average price and quantity, as well as consumer welfare, is more nuanced and critically dependent on environmental characteristics.
A multiresolution collocation method and its convergence for Burgers' type equations
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Tran Thanh , Siraj‐ul‐Islam  , Hussain Iltaf
Published: October 2022

In this article, a hybrid numerical method based on Haar wavelets and finite differences is proposed for shock ridden evolutionary nonlinear time‐dependent partial differential equations (PDEs). A linear procedure using Taylor expansions is adopted to linearize the nonlinearity. The Euler difference scheme is used to discretize the time derivative part of the PDE. The PDE is converted into full algebraic form, once the space derivatives are replaced by finite Haar series. Convergence analysis is performed both in space and time, and computational stability of the proposed method is also discussed. Different benchmark cases related to 1‐D and 2‐D Burgers' type equations are considered to verify the theory. The proposed method is also compared numerically with existing methods in the literature.
Diffusion optical tomography reconstruction based on convex–nonconvex graph total variation regularization
Authors: Li Jinlan , Xie Zhaoyang , Liu Guoqi , Yang Liu , Zou Jian
Published: October 2022

Graph total variation (GTV) is a powerful regularization tool for diffuse optical tomography (DOT) reconstruction since it combines the powerful representation ability of graph and the edge‐preserving ability of total variation (TV) regularization. However, as everyone knows, the classical TV regularization trend underestimates the large edge values. In this paper, we propose a convex–nonconvex graph total variation (CNC‐GTV) regularization for DOT reconstruction. In particular, we construct a nonconvex regularization by subtracting the generalized Huber function from the GTV regularization. We show that the global convexity of the objective function can be guaranteed by adjusting the nonconvex control parameters. Moreover, we present an alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) to solve the proposed DOT reconstruction model. Numerical experiments show that the proposed model outperforms existing models in visual and numerical results.
Bifurcation analysis and dynamics of abundant traveling waves of the modified Novikov equation
Authors: Li Huijun , Wen Zhenshu
Published: October 2022

This paper concerns traveling waves of the modified Novikov equation by dynamical systems approach. We show dynamics of abundant traveling waves for the modified Novikov equation, including solitary waves, periodic waves, compactons, kink (antikink), and kink‐like (antikink‐like) waves. The kink waves are newly founded in the Novikov equation. Additionally, we also derive exact explicit solitary waves under special parameter conditions.
A Stefan problem with nonlinear thermal conductivity
Authors: Khanfer Ammar , Bougoffa Lazhar
Published: October 2022

The solution is obtained and validated by an existence and uniqueness theorem for the following nonlinear boundary value problem

which was proposed in 1974 by Cho and Sunderland to represent a Stefan problem with a nonlinear temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity on the semi‐infinite line
. The modified error function of two parameters
is introduced to represent the solution of the problem above, and some properties of the function are established. This generalizes the results obtained in earlier studies.
Application of time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD‐NMR) for study of the distillation curve of petroleum
Authors: Montes Luciana F. , Morgan Vinícius G. , Kock Flávio V. C. , Castro Eustáquio V. R. , Barbosa Lúcio L.
Published: October 2022

Crude oil distillates are a highly useful industrial product, mainly for energy generation. Unfortunately, they are rarely studied, mainly due to the low accessibility to products directly obtained from the distillation process, which is a laborious, expensive, and time‐consuming operation. This work presents and discusses the use of time‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD‐NMR) as a simple, affordable, and straightforward tool for the development of correlations supported on the transverse relaxation time (T2) and boiling temperature. The results point out a high convergence between TD‐NMR experimental data and the ASTM D2892 method for distillates from light, medium, and heavy oils, with up to 52.20% of accumulated mass and boiling point temperature (Tb) up to 400°C. Furthermore, an unprecedented relationship between T2 values and the accumulated mass of the distillates is first demonstrated. This new insight opens new perspectives for future prediction of accumulated mass for unknown crude oils, placing the TD‐NMR relaxometry as an appeal spectroscopy approach with a potential to meaningfully contribute to the daily refining petrochemical industry field operations.
High‐resolution dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion imaging using higher‐order temporal smoothness regularization
Authors: Velikina Julia V. , Jung Youngkyoo , Field Aaron S. , Samsonov Alexey A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To improve image quality and resolution of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion weighted imaging (DSC‐PWI) by developing acquisition and reconstruction methods exploiting the temporal regularity property of DSC‐PWI signal.

Theory and Methods

A novel regularized reconstruction is proposed that recovers DSC‐PWI series from interleaved segmented spiralk‐space acquisition using higher order temporal smoothness (HOTS) properties of the DSC‐PWI signal. The HOTS regularization is designed to tackle representational insufficiency of the standard first‐order temporal regularizations for supporting higher accelerations. The higher accelerations allow fork‐space coverage with shorter spiral interleaves resulting in improved acquisition point spread function, and acquisition of images at multiple TEs for more accurate DSC‐PWI analysis.

Results

The methods were evaluated in simulated and in‐vivo studies. HOTS regularization provided increasingly more accurate models for DSC‐PWI than the standard first‐order methods with either quadratic or robust norms at the expense of increased noise. HOTS DSC‐PWI optimized for noise and accuracy demonstrated significant advantages over both spiral DSC‐PWI without temporal regularization and traditional echo‐planar DSC‐PWI, improving resolution and mitigating image artifacts associated with long readout, including blurring and geometric distortions. In context of multi‐echo DSC‐PWI, the novel methods allowed ∼4.3× decrease of voxel volume, providing 2× number of TEs compared to the previously published results.

Conclusions

Proposed HOTS reconstruction combined with dynamic spiral sampling represents a valid mechanism for improving image quality and resolution of DSC‐PWI significantly beyond those available with established fast imaging techniques.
An interventional MRI guidewire combining profile and tip conspicuity for catheterization at 0.55T
Authors: Yildirim Dursun Korel , Uzun Dogangun , Bruce Christopher G. , Khan Jaffar M. , Rogers Toby , Schenke William H. , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne , Herzka Daniel A. , Lederman Robert J. , Kocaturk Ozgur
Published: October 2022

Purpose

We describe a clinical grade, “active”, monopole antenna‐based metallic guidewire that has a continuous shaft‐to‐tip image profile, a pre‐shaped tip‐curve, standard 0.89 mm (0.035″) outer diameter, and a detachable connector for catheter exchange during cardiovascular catheterization at 0.55T.

Methods

Electromagnetic simulations were performed to characterize the magnetic field around the antenna whip for continuous tip visibility. The active guidewire was manufactured using medical grade materials in an ISO Class 7 cleanroom. RF‐induced heating of the active guidewire prototype was tested in one gel phantom per ASTM 2182‐19a, alone and in tandem with clinical metal‐braided catheters. Real‐time MRI visibility was tested in one gel phantom and in‐vivo in two swine. Mechanical performance was compared with commercial equivalents.

Results

The active guidewire provided continuous “profile” shaft and tip visibility in‐vitro and in‐vivo, analogous to guidewire shaft‐and‐tip profiles under X‐ray. The MRI signal signature matched simulation results. Maximum unscaled RF‐induced temperature rise was 5.2°C and 6.5°C (3.47 W/kg local background specific absorption rate), alone and in tandem with a steel‐braided catheter, respectively. Mechanical characteristics matched commercial comparator guidewires.

Conclusion

The active guidewire was clearly visible via real‐time MRI at 0.55T and exhibits a favorable geometric sensitivity profile depicting the guidewire continuously from shaft‐to‐tip including a unique curved‐tip signature. RF‐induced heating is clinically acceptable. This design allows safe device navigation through luminal structures and heart chambers. The detachable connector allows delivery and exchange of cardiovascular catheters while maintaining guidewire position. This enhanced guidewire design affords the expected performance of X‐ray guidewires during human MRI catheterization.
Tuned bipolar oscillating gradients for mapping frequency dispersion of diffusion kurtosis in the human brain
Authors: Borsos Kevin B. , Tse Desmond H. Y. , Dubovan Paul I. , Baron Corey A.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Oscillating gradient spin‐echo (OGSE) sequences have demonstrated an ability to probe time‐dependent microstructural features, although they often suffer from low SNR due to increased TEs. In this work we introduce frequency‐tuned bipolar (FTB) gradients as a variation of oscillating gradients with reduced TE and demonstrate their utility by mapping the frequency dispersion of kurtosis in human subjects.

Methods

An FTB oscillating gradient waveform is presented that provides encoding of 1.5 net oscillation periods, thereby reducing the TE of the acquisition. Simulations were performed to determine an optimal protocol based on the SNR of kurtosis frequency dispersion—defined as the difference in kurtosis between pulsed and oscillating gradient acquisitions. Healthy human subjects were scanned at 7T using pulsed gradient and an optimized 23 Hz FTB protocol, which featured a maximum b‐value of 2500 s/mm2. In addition, to directly compare existing methods, measurements using traditional cosine OGSE were also acquired.

Results

FTB oscillating gradients demonstrated equivalent frequency‐dependent diffusion measurements compared with cosine‐modulated OGSE while enabling a significant reduction in TE. Optimization and in vivo results suggest that FTB gradients provide increased SNR of kurtosis dispersion maps compared with traditional cosine OGSE. The optimized FTB gradient protocol demonstrated consistent reductions in apparent kurtosis values and increased diffusivity in generated frequency dispersion maps.

Conclusions

This work presents an alternative to traditional cosine OGSE sequences, enabling more time‐efficient acquisitions of frequency‐dependent diffusion quantities as demonstrated through in vivo kurtosis frequency dispersion maps.
What Utilities Need to Know About the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions
Authors: Glover Megan
Published: October 2022

In 2021, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified several critical initiatives for quick action, including revisions to the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR). After a year of stakeholder engagement, the agency announced the revisions on Dec. 16, 2021, with an Oct. 16, 2024, compliance deadline. Many utilities will view the new requirements as an additional burden that will stress systems already working with limited resources, but the challenges come with enormous opportunities.
Condition Assessment Planning: Where to Start and Where to Take It
Authors: Sproule Laura
Published: October 2022

Utilities should select condition assessment approaches that align with their budgets and goals to target priority assets and develop effective asset management plans.
Electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery applications: Methods and mechanism
Authors: Abdul Hameed Meera Moydeen , Mohamed Khan Syed Ali Padusha , Thamer Badr M. , Rajkumar Nirmala , El‐Hamshary Hany , El‐Newehy Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Electrospinning procedures such as blend electrospinning, coaxial electrospinning, and emulsion electrospinning have been used for the fabrication of electrospun nanofibers (ENFs) for biomedical applications. These ENFs are attracted great interest especially in drug delivery applications due to their small size, high surface area‐to‐volume, and porosity. The aim of this review is to focus on the controlled release mechanism among the different electrospinning methods, and the selectivity of hydrophilic, water‐soluble polymers as a carrier for drug. The mechanism for the drug delivery depends mainly on the method of drug loading, polymeric interactions, and the nature of polymer swelling, erosion, or degradation. This review compressed on the literature survey about the fabrication of nanofibers by different electrospinning methods, factors affecting the nanofiber morphologies, selectivity of polymeric blends for successful controlled release behavior, and the mechanism involved in the drug release steps.
Detection of circulating tumour DNA after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer
Authors: Eyck Ben M , Jansen Maurice PHM , Noordman Bo Jan , Atmodimedjo Peggy N , van der Wilk Berend J , Martens John WM , Helmijr Jean A , Beaufort Corine M , Mostert Bianca , Doukas Michail , Wijnhoven Bas PL , Lagarde Sjoerd M , van Lanschot J Jan B , Dinjens Winand NM
Published: October 2022

Active surveillance instead of standard surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been proposed for patients with oesophageal cancer. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) may be used to facilitate selection of patients for surgery. We show that detection of ctDNA after nCRT seems highly suggestive of major residual disease. Tumour biopsies and blood samples were taken before, and 6 and 12 weeks after, nCRT. Biopsies were analysed with regular targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) was analysed using targeted NGS with unique molecular identifiers and digital polymerase chain reaction. cfDNA mutations matching pre‐treatment biopsy mutations confirmed the presence of ctDNA. In total, 31 patients were included, of whom 24 had a biopsy mutation that was potentially detectable in cfDNA (77%). Pre‐treatment ctDNA was detected in nine of 24 patients (38%), four of whom had incurable disease progression before surgery. Pre‐treatment ctDNA detection had a sensitivity of 47% (95% CI 24–71) (8/17), specificity of 85% (95% CI 42–99) (6/7), positive predictive value (PPV) of 89% (95% CI 51–99) (8/9), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 40% (95% CI 17–67) (6/15) for detecting major residual disease (>10% residue in the resection specimen or progression before surgery). After nCRT, ctDNA was detected in three patients, two of whom had disease progression. Post‐nCRT ctDNA detection had a sensitivity of 21% (95% CI 6–51) (3/14), specificity of 100% (95% CI 56–100) (7/7), PPV of 100% (95% CI 31–100) (3/3), and NPV of 39% (95% CI 18–64) (7/18) for detecting major residual disease. The addition of ctDNA to the current set of diagnostics did not lead to more patients being clinically identified with residual disease. These results indicate that pre‐treatment and post‐nCRT ctDNA detection may be useful in identifying patients at high risk of disease progression. The addition of ctDNA analysis to the current set of diagnostic modalities may not improve detection of residual disease after nCRT. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Influence of functional carbon nanotube and multi‐cyclic shape memory performance on thermally triggered polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Ebrahimi Amir Hossein , Sahebian Samaneh
Published: October 2022

In this study, thermally triggered shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane‐multiwall carbon nanotube (TPU/MWCNTs) nanocomposites with varying nanofiller content (0–5 wt%) were prepared. Melt flow, morphology, and shape memory properties of TPU/MWCNTs nanocomposites were investigated. We attempt to clarify the reinforcement effect of CNTs on the shape memory behavior of TPU/MWCNTs nanocomposites. Moreover, the influence of acid treatment on surface morphology, thermal stability, and dispersion state of MWCNTs has been evaluated. Pristine MWCNTs were treated with highly concentrated nitric acid (68%) and introduced by solution mixing to TPU as an efficient reinforcement phase. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed thermal stability improvement of acid treatment MWCNTs. Field emission‐scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the homogenous distribution of oxidized MWCNTs in the matrix and some aggregated structures at 5 wt% nanofiller. Higher melt flow rate values were observed for composites loaded with 0.5–1 wt% ox‐MWCNTs compared with 2–5 wt% because of their better dispersion in TPU. The experimental results show a higher shape recovery ratio of TPU/ox‐MWCNTs nanocomposites than pure polyurethane (over 20%). A good shape recovery in the 90%–100% range could be obtained during a shape recovery test when ox‐MWCNTs content of 0.5–2 wt% is proposed to synthesize TPU/ox‐MWCNTs nanocomposites.
Thermally conductive and mechanically strengthened bio‐epoxy/boron nitride nanocomposites: The effects of particle size, shape, and combination
Authors: Aghajani Ali , Ehsani Morteza , Khajavi Ramin , Kalaee Mohammadreza , Zaarei Davood
Published: October 2022

Bio‐epoxy composites containing boron nitride (BN) particles with different size and shape (0D spherical micro‐ and nanoparticles, 1D nanotubes (T), and 2D nanosheets (S)) are prepared and revealed appropriate thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Systems containing one or two BN nanoparticles showed evenly dispersed structures because of applying high‐shear, ultrasonic, or combination of these methods. Microscopic analysis proved that high‐shear assisted ultrasonic technique ended up in an homogeneously dispersed BN nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix. The combination of platelet‐like and tubular nanoparticles synergistically enhanced both the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of epoxy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermographs appeared a sharp peak demonstrating excessive thermal energy released because of network formation of BN conductive fillers. The bi‐oepoxy containing equal weight fractions of T and S (1:1 w/w ratio) showed the highest thermal conductivity and tensile strength values of 2.21 W/m.K and 80 MPa, respectively. In conclusion, properties of epoxy nanocomposites are affected by the filler network formation, such that conductive incorporation of 3 wt.% of BN platelet‐like and nanotubes increased thermal conductivity up to 1400% and mechanical properties up to 50% with respect to the neat epoxy.
Existence and perceived application of pain management protocols in German neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Ulmer Melissa , Martakis Kyriakos , Scholten Nadine , Kuntz Ludwig
Published: October 2022

We explored the existence and application of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for pain management (PM) in German neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and identified the factors associated with their application in practice. This study was part of the Safety4NICU project, a cross‐sectional survey conducted from 2015 to 2016. All 224 German NICUs were invited to participate, providing written consent from the head neonatologist and head nurse. We distributed questionnaires to the head neonatologist, the head nurse, and the NICU staff (physicians and nurses). We asked the head neonatologist whether written SOPs for PM existed, and we asked the staff whether these SOPs were applied in their daily routine. We received evaluable responses from 468 physicians and 1251 nurses from 76 NICUs. Of these 76 NICUs, the head neonatologists from 54 NICUs (71.1%) reported that written SOPs for PM exist. However, only 48.5% of the physicians and 53.7% of the nurses declared that these existing SOPs were also applied. We found various predictors for the existing SOPs as being applied, depending on the profession. For physicians, clinical training was important (OR: 2.482, p ≤ 0.05), while for nurses their working experience was a decisive predictor (OR: 1.265, p ≤ 0.05). For both, a high level of perceived cooperative norms between physicians and nurses increased the probability that SOPs for PM were applied, whereas a high bed turnover rate decreased that probability. According to the responses from head neonatologists, written SOPs for PM were common in German NICUs. However, if management strategies on pain existed, this did not mean that these were directly applied in the daily routine. Clinical training of the staff, the promotion of adequate interprofessional cooperation, as well as allowing time to deal with these SOPs might be all essential measures to strengthen the application.
False negatives in the newborn screening for cystic fibrosis in Western Andalusia: Results from a 10‐year experience
Authors: Escudero‐Ávila Rocío , Delgado‐Pecellín Carmen , Moreno‐Valera M. José , Carrasco‐Hernández Laura , Quintana‐Gallego M. Esther , Delgado‐Pecellín Isabel
Published: October 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in the Caucasian population, with an incidence of 1:5000 live births. In 2011, the screening of CF was implemented in the Andalusian Public Health newborn screening program by using immunoreactive trypsinogen and chloride sweat test (IRT/IRT/sweat test) determinations. Since then, 79 children have been diagnosed with CF in our health area (Western Andalusia). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of this screening method and to examinate the characteristics of those CF infants who had a negative screening but who were later diagnosed.

In the 2011–2021 period 462,049 newborns were screened for CF using a two‐step IRT determination and chloride sweat test. Sixty‐three infants were diagnosed with CF in our health area thanks to the screening, and 15 CF children had a negative screening result and were finally diagnosed by molecular sequencing of the CFTR gene. The most frequent symptoms that led to the diagnosis of those false negative (FN) patients were hyponatremic dehydration (mean age 9.75 ± 1.5 months) and recurrent wheezing (mean age 24 ± 14.5 months). The molecular analysis of the CFTR gene on those FN showed a diversity of genotypes, identifying more than 10 different mutations.

Conclusion

The rate of FN patients obtained in this study is inadmissibly high, and the protocol used in this region has not been updated despite the advances in genetic testing in the past 10 years. An improvement on CF newborn screening should be implemented, adding molecular analysis of the CFTR gene.
Measurement and analysis of low‐acceleration and long‐duration longitudinal events using delivery van
Authors: Böröcz Péter , Pánczél Csaba , Dunno Kyle , Singh S. Paul
Published: October 2022

This study investigates longitudinal acceleration events during freight transportation characterized as low‐acceleration and long‐duration using delivery van type vehicles. In the past several decades, there has been an increase in shipments requiring only single or small pallet load quantities and mixed palletized unit loads comprised of different goods. These loads are often transported in delivery vans without load securing devices, increasing the risk of product loss and damage due to load failures resulting from unit loads shifting. A field data acquisition system was used to observe and record the random acceleration events from five vehicles for 5 days, explicitly targeting the vehicles' braking and acceleration manoeuvres. The study aimed to understand the physical phenomenon and provide new information that can be used during preshipment tests to prevent damage to goods and ensure unit load integrity is maintained throughout the supply chain. The events were statistically analysed to understand their probability of occurrence, severity level, and quantify critical parameters such as event rise and hold times. For the braking manoeuvre, the statistical mean of average deceleration was 0.25 g with a corresponding rise and hold duration of 0.83 and 1.27 s, respectively. During the vehicle's acceleration manoeuvre, the statistical mean of average acceleration was 0.29 g with a rise and hold time of 1.29 and 1.39 s, respectively. Utilizing the field data, composite profiles were developed, and these profiles were compared to the currently available test procedures and previous results of other studies.
Fault detection and stabilization of integrator chains under noisy state measurements
Authors: Jbara Adam
Published: October 2022

A family of homogeneous controllers is proposed, which utilize noisy state measurements for stabilization of integrator chains subject to system faults and disturbances. In the absence of sampling noises, the exact system stabilization is ensured in spite of some system faults. The same controllers also practically stabilize generally disturbed integrator chains. Controllers demonstrate strong noise‐reduction capabilities, and system faults are robustly detected. The stabilization accuracy is estimated in the presence of noises and faults. Simulation confirms the theoretical results.
The burgeoning field of sustainable investment: Past, present and future
Authors: Beisenbina Marzhan , Fabregat‐Aibar Laura , Barberà‐Mariné Maria‐Glòria , Sorrosal‐Forradellas Maria‐Teresa
Published: October 2022

The current concern with sustainability issues pervades all scientific fields. Sustainable investment is not an exception judging by the significant increase in the literature. This work provides an extensive up‐to‐date overview of studies on sustainable investment, revealing current trends, identifying gaps and future research topics. A total of 1091 documents are reviewed and bibliometric analysis is used with two approaches: data analysis and conceptual structure of the field. Additionally, a classification into 12 categories by topic is proposed. The results show that more than 40% of the publications belong to analysis of classical investment tools with a gradual evolution towards the concept of “green” instruments. Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) strategies have changed over time from “screening” to the current “best‐in‐class”, “Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) integration” and “impact investing.” The results of the study are valuable for academics and practitioners, as they show the current state of knowledge, evolution paths and emerging topics.
Ionic Signal Amplification of DNA in a Nanopore
Authors: Tsutsui Makusu , Yokota Kazumichi , He Yuhui , Kawai Tomoji
Published: October 2022

Ionic signal amplification is a key challenge for single‐molecule analyses by solid‐state nanopore sensing. Here, a permittivity gradient approach for amplifying ionic blockade characteristics of DNA in a nanofluidic channel is reported. The transmembrane ionic current response is found to change substantially through modifying the liquid permittivity at one side of a pore with an organic solvent. Imposing positive liquid permittivity gradients with respect to the direction of DNA electrophoresis, this study observes the resistive ionic signals to become larger due to the varying contributions of molecular counterions. On the contrary, negative gradients render adverse effects causing conductive ionic current pulses upon polynucleotide translocations. Most importantly, both the positive and negative gradients are demonstrated to be capable of amplifying the ionic signals by an order of magnitude with a 1.3‐fold difference in the transmembrane liquid dielectric constants. This phenomenon allows a novel way to enhance the single‐molecule sensitivity of nanopore sensing that may be useful in analyzing secondary structures and genome sequence of DNA by ionic current measurements.
The Investigation of Phase Transition and Solute Transport for Bloom Continuous Casting with Steel Strip‐Feeding Process and Mold Electromagnetic Stirring: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhang Li-Hao , Guan Rui , Ji Cheng , Zhu Miao-Yong
Published: October 2022

Based on the finite volume method, a continuum model that coupled enthalpy‐porosity approach is developed herein to investigate the fluid flow, phase transition, and macrosegregation in the solidification process for bloom continuous casting. The optimal parameters of the process of feeding strip technology (FST) are obtained, and the effects of different processes of regular continuous casting, mold electromagnetic stirring (M‐EMS), and FST on the superheat degree and macrosegregation are compared. The results show that the process of FST can not only greatly reduce the superheat degree of liquid steel and improve the macrosegregation in the bloom center, but also effectively avoid the deterioration of negative segregation defects at the edge of bloom, compared with the processes of regular continuous casting and M‐EMS. The best process parameters for the process of FST are as follows: the strip feeding position is 0.12 m far away from the bloom centerline, and the steel strip feeding velocity is 0.20 m s−1.
Review of studies on concrete columns confined by lateral reinforcement under axial compression and lateral cyclic loading
Authors: Hou Chongchi , Zheng Wenzhong
Published: October 2022

The restraint of lateral reinforcement can effectively improve the bearing capacity and deformation capacity of confined concrete columns. Generally, the behavior of confined concrete column under axial compression and lateral cyclic loading is a complex process and has been the subject of numerous studies dating from last century. This paper presents a review to summarize and discuss the investigations of concrete columns confined by lateral reinforcements under axial compression and lateral cyclic loading with the aim of obtaining a clear understanding on the mechanism and performance of confined concrete column. In this paper, a test database of confined concrete columns under axial compression and lateral cyclic loading is established, presented, and evaluated. The detailed provisions of confined concrete columns from current codes are concluded and it is found that these codes neglect the beneficial effect of lateral reinforcement on shear bearing capacity of confined concrete columns under lateral cyclic loading. Additionally, the stress–strain models and development of lateral reinforcement strain/stress in confined concrete columns under axial compression are mainly presented and discussed. Moreover, theoretical and experimental studies on seismic behavior of confined concrete columns are evaluated, including compression‐flexure calculation, shear bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and other detailed requirements. Furthermore, main influential factors of confined concrete columns under axial compression and lateral cyclic loading are discussed, respectively and it is founded that the synergy work of longitudinal and lateral reinforcement, and the deformation coordinated relationship between lateral reinforcement and core concrete significantly affect the bearing capacity and deformation capacity of confined concrete columns. Therefore, further studies are suggested to optimize and quantify the strength grade combination relationship between lateral reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement, and concrete to achieve economical design and construction.
Performance evaluation of electrode design and material for a large animal electrical impedance tomography belt
Authors: Brabant Olivia , Loroesch Sarah , Adler Andy , Waldmann Andreas D. , Raisis Anthea , Mosing Martina
Published: October 2022

Background

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) produces lung ventilation images via a thoracic electrode belt. Robust electrode design and material, providing low electrode skin contact impedance (SCI), is needed in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to compare three EIT electrode designs and materials.

Methods

Simulations of cylindrical, rectangular and spiked electrode designs were used to evaluate electrode SCI as a function of electrode size, where skin contact was uneven. Gold‐plated washers (EGW), zinc‐plated rivets (EZR) and zinc‐galvanised spikes (EZS) were assigned randomly on two interconnected EIT belts. Gel was applied to the cranial or caudal belt and placed on 17 standing cattle. SCI was recorded at baseline and 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 minutes later.

Results

Simulations that involved electrodes with a greater skin contact area had lower and more uniform SCI. In cattle, SCI decreased with all electrodes over time (p < 0.01). Without gel, no difference was found between EGW and EZS, while SCI was higher for EZR (p < 0.03). With gel, SCI was lower in EGW and EZR (p < 0.026), with the SCI in EGW being the lowest (p < 0.01).

Limitations

Low numbers of animals and static electrode position may affect SCI.

Conclusions

Electrode design is important for EIT measurement, with larger electrode designs able to compensate for the use of less conductive materials. Gel is not necessary to achieve acceptable SCI in large animals.
Application of systems analysis to safety incident investigations in a single centre using anaesthesia as an example
Authors: McMillan Matt W. , Lehnus Kristina
Published: October 2022

Background

Systems analysis is widely recommended for patient safety investigations in medicine, but the method is poorly described in the veterinary literature.

Methods

Anaesthetic safety incidents were discussed in debriefs and then reported on standardised forms. Investigators performed informal interviews with team members involved in case management and interrogated clinical records. Finally, incidents were discussed during morbidity and mortality conferences. Systems analysis involved developing a timeline for the case, identifying any care delivery problems (CDPs) that occurred and contributing factors associated with them, and developing control measures to reduce system weaknesses.

Results

From 15 incidents, 32 CDPs were identified. These were categorised into 11 thematic groups. Misdiagnosis (n= 8), human resource allocation (n= 8), failure in planning (n= 6) and technical error (n= 5) were most frequent. Individual factors were identified in 15 (100%), team factors in 12 (80.0%), animal and owner factors in 11 (73.3%), organisation factors in 10 (66.7%), work environmental factors in 10 (66.7%) and task and technology factors in four (26.7%) investigations. Numerous immediate and longer term recommendations were made regarding how to manage systems weaknesses.

Limitations

Investigations were limited to pre‐procedural anaesthetic safety incidents.

Conclusions

Systems analysis applied to incident investigations can highlight areas for improvement within veterinary healthcare systems.
Medical management of gastric distension secondary to massive dry beet pulp ingestion in a dog
Authors: Janse van Vuuren Katie M. , Walker Meagan A. , Hoddinott Katie L.
Published: October 2022

A 4‐year‐old, spayed, female Jack Russell terrier dog presented after ingestion of 0.135 kg of dried beet pulp pellets. Survey radiographs revealed severe gastric distension. The dog was hospitalised and received intravenous fluids, analgesics and an antiemetic and recovered without complication. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of medical management of gastric distension secondary to beet pulp ingestion in a dog. This case illustrates that surgical intervention of severe gastric distension secondary to dry beet pulp ingestion may not be required. Close monitoring for evidence of gastric obstruction or perforation is warranted.
Are sponge cities the solution to China's growing urban flooding problems?
Authors: Fu Guangtao , Zhang Chi , Hall Jim W. , Butler David
Published: October 2022

Nature‐based solutions have been promoted as a sustainable solution for urban stormwater management and they are currently adopted at an unprecedented speed and scale to build sponge cities in China, with a primary aim to solving urban flood problems. However, there are limits to how much rainfall sponge cities can absorb, hence, they are unlikely to be a panacea for flooding problems in cities. We argue that bottom‐up community‐based measures are essential part of the intervention development framework that is required to transform sponge cities into flood resilient cities. This community‐based approach can effectively build on the distinctive and unique feature of Chinese cities, that is, the prevalence of gated communities, which provides a solid foundation for implementing community‐based measures for flood management. A range of such community‐based measures including resilience mapping, property‐based resistant and resilient measures, flood insurance, and social resilience building are discussed. Flood resilience building does not just mean investments in gray–green–blue infrastructure, it requires social transformation toward flood resilient communities. This article provides a roadmap for the next stage development of sponge cities which plays a key role in coping with extreme storm events and adapting to climate change in cities.

This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Science of Water > Water Extremes