bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commercial Bank Performance and Ownership Concentration: An Empirical Analysis of Commercial Banks from a Global Perspective
Authors: Fang Yongsheng , Shangguan Zepeng
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the relationship between ownership concentration and bank performance. In order to verify the linear or nonlinear relationship between bank performance and ownership concentration, we select the data of the top 100 commercial banks in the BVD-Bankfocus database for regression analysis. The study found that there is no significant correlation between ownership concentration and bank performance, whether it is linear or nonlinear. Besides it found that the better the economic environment, the better the performance of commercial banks; the higher the leverage ratio, the higher the profitability, and the better the bank performance. It also found there is no correlation between bank performance and bank size.
Anatomical and Imaging Study on the Optimum Entry Point and Trajectory for Anterior Transpedicular Root Screw Placement into the Lower Cervical Spine
Authors: Zhang Jihui , Zhao Liujun , Xu Jingfei , Gu Yongjie , Yu Liang
Published: August 2022

Objective. To study the optimum entry point and trajectory for anterior transpedicular root screw (ATPRS) placement into the lower cervical spine (LCS), so as to provide a basis for clinical application. Methods. A retrospective analysis of cervical CT images of patients who underwent cervical CT examination in the Spinal Surgery of Ningbo No. 6 Hospital from January 2020 to August 2021 was conducted. The data were obtained and modeled. On the coronal plane, the vertebral body (VB) between the anterior midline of cervical vertebral segments C3-7 and the left P line (by drawing the line parallel to the anterior midline of the VB at the intersection of the anterior edge of the Luschka’s joint and the upper endplate) was equally divided into 9 zones (a-i). The ideal entry point and path of cervical ATPRS were designed and recorded. Additionally, 7 cadaveric specimens were selected, and the screw placement parameters were regenerated according to the above methods for screw placement. Results. Zone i of each segment, with the longest screw length, was the best area for screw placement. In all patients, the horizontal angles of vertebrae C3-7 in zones a, d, and g, zones b, e, and h, and zones c, f, and i showed a gradually decreasing trend. The sagittal angle range of C3-7 in all patients showed a gradually increasing trend in zones a-c, d-f, and g-i. The distance from the anterior midline of C3-7 to the P line increased in all patients, and the distance was longer in males than in females, with statistical significance. Pedicle screws were successfully inserted in all the 7 cadaveric specimens. Conclusions. ATPRS placement can be used for LCS internal fixation, and the precise screw placement parameters can be simulated by the software, which provides theoretical basis for its future clinical application.
Correlation Analysis between Residents’ Income Satisfaction and Mental Health Based on Big Data
Authors: Wang Yile , Li Hanbing , Teo Brian Sheng-Xian , Jaharadak Adam Amril
Published: August 2022

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the correlation between satisfaction with rural residents’ income and mental health well-being in the context of industrial structure upgrading. Most of the studies on residents’ subjective well-being from the perspective of relative income or income inequality have started from the happiness of rural residents and the satisfaction of rural residents’ life, and few scholars have focused on the psychological health of rural residents. Subjective well-being is significantly related to external and internal goals in desire. Life satisfaction is significantly and positively correlated with external and internal goals, as well as the six dimensions of desire, except for social identity; positive emotions are significantly and positively correlated with internal goals; negative emotions are only negatively correlated with self-acceptance, and there is a significant positive correlation between income level and desire. In vertical income, there is also a process of judging whether the expected income is achieved. If the expected income growth level is achieved, the income satisfaction will increase. Desire mediates the effect of income level on subjective well-being. Income level influences subjective well-being through internal goals; income level influences life satisfaction and positive emotions through external goals. The relationship between income inequality and mental health is influenced by the characteristics of the population, with women and middle-aged people being the most negatively affected. This relationship is also influenced by income level, with the effect of income inequality on mental health showing a negative effect in the lower and middle-income groups but a positive effect in the higher income groups. Income inequality affects residents’ mental health through the mediating effects of a sense of social justice, life stress, and trust in government. Inequality in household wealth can exacerbate the negative effects of income inequality on mental health.
The Connotation and Realization Path of Ecological Civilization Education in Chinese Universities under the Background of Mobile Internet
Authors: Chen Genhong
Published: August 2022

The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China creatively clarified the general pattern of socialist construction as “five-in-one,” namely, the construction of economy, politics, culture, society, and ecological civilization and pointed out that the construction of ecological civilization should lead and integrate into socialism. This marks that China has entered a new era of ecological civilization and started the great historical journey of building a beautiful China. Ecological civilization education in colleges and universities is an important content and foundation of ecological civilization construction, which can provide sufficient human resources and intellectual preparation for ecological civilization construction, promote the popularization of ecological civilization concept in society, and promote the ecological transformation of economic and social development. Therefore, the education of ecological civilization in colleges and universities is not only the meaning of the integration of ecological civilization into higher education but also an initiative to implement the national strategy, and it is also a realistic demand for realizing the fundamental task of morality and cultivation of people in higher education. This research uses mobile Internet technology to study the path of ecological civilization education in Chinese colleges and universities mainly using the questionnaire survey method, on the basis of multiple stratified sampling, with the help of the revised Chinese New Environmental Paradigm Scale (Chinese New Environmental Paradigm Scale) to collect data.
[Retracted] FH‐YOLOv4 with Constrained Aspect Ratio Loss for Video Face Detection and Public Safety
Authors: Wang Yue , Hong Liang , Gu Dewen , Fu Pingping
Published: August 2022

Video face detection is a crucial first step in many facial recognition and face analysis systems. It should serve postprocessing steps as much as possible while satisfying high‐accuracy real‐time detection. In this paper, we first introduce the constrained aspect ratio loss (CARLoss) for better facial boxes regression and incorporate it into the modified FH‐YOLOv4, then the IoU Tracker‐based video face image deduplication algorithm is proposed on the detection level. Extensive experiments and comparative tests show the effectiveness of our method.
Study on Mechanical Properties and Nonlinear Strength Model of Deep Water-Sensitive Rock in Xianglu Mountain Tunnel
Authors: Ren Mingyang , Wu Xuyang , Zhang Longyun , Pan Junkui , Li Ningjing
Published: August 2022

The complex mechanical properties of deep water-sensitive rocks during construction bring great challenges to the construction and stability analysis of underground engineering in water-sensitive strata. Taking Xianglu Mountain Tunnel in the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project as the engineering background, the mechanical properties of two types of water-sensitive rocks including limestone and silty mudstone were studied through laboratory tests, and a nonlinear strength model based on Hoek-Brown criterion was proposed. The results show that (1) the stress-strain curves of deep limestone and silty mudstone have significant strain softening characteristics and brittle-ductile transformation trend. Compared with limestone, silty mudstone has stronger ductility and lower critical confining pressure for brittle-ductile transformation; (2) the dilation effect of rock is affected by both confining pressure and plastic deformation. Under the same confining pressure and plastic deformation, the dilation characteristic of limestone is more evident than that of silty mudstone; (3) the Hoek-Brown criterion can describe the nonlinear strength characteristics of deep rock well. The evolution law of strength parameters

m

b

and

s

with modified plastic shear strain conforms to the negative exponential function, while the relationship between strength parameter

a

and modified plastic shear strain satisfies cubic polynomial function; (4) the simulation results based on the nonlinear strength model are consistent with the test results, and the established strength model has high reliability. The research results can provide a basis for the stability analysis of the Xianglu Mountain Tunnel and the optimal design of the supporting structure and can also provide a reference for the study of the mechanical characteristics of the deep rocks in water-sensitive strata.
Application of Green Ecological Design in Food Packaging Design
Authors: Yuan Zhiming
Published: August 2022

In order to put an end to the widespread existence of excessive packaging and to reduce the packaging cost beyond the value of the product itself, it has caused harm to the environment and serious waste of resources. In this paper, a food packaging design based on green ecological design is proposed. Through the discussion of the theoretical framework of ecological design and the study of ecological materials for food packaging, the ecological design principles of green ecological food packaging are summarized to better guide the packaging design. The experiment shows that, through the 7-month experimental comparison and tracking of a biscuit food, although the sales volume of the product has not increased significantly, or even may decline, the cost of the product has been reduced by 20∼30%, thus increasing the profit of the product by 30∼40%. Conclusion. The experiment shows that food packaging design based on green ecology can effectively promote the sales and turnover of products, is friendly to the environment, and can also bring profits to enterprises.
Development of Optimal Tilt Angle Models of a Photovoltaic Module for Maximum Power Production: Ethiopia
Authors: Ashetehe Ahunim Abebe , Gessesse Belachew Bantyirga , Shewarega Fekadu
Published: August 2022

The power generated from the photovoltaic module is directly related to the magnitude of total incident solar radiation on the surface of the solar module. The total incident solar radiation depends on the location, tilt angle, and orientation of the solar module. In this paper, generic models were developed that determine the seasonal and annual optimal tilt angle of the Photovoltaic module at any location in Ethiopia without using meteorological data. Both isotropic and anisotropic diffuse solar radiation models were used to estimate monthly, seasonal, and annual optimal tilt angles. The monthly average daily global horizontal solar radiation for a total of 44 cities -32 for training and 12 for testing were obtained from the National Aeronautical and Space Administration database, and algorithms were developed and implemented using MATLAB and R programming software to obtain optimum tilt angle and regression models. The study showed that the developed model accurately estimates the optimal tilt angle with the minimum statistical validation errors. It is also found that 5.11% to 6.275% (isotropic) and 5.72% to 6.346% (anisotropic models) solar radiation energy is lost when using the yearly average fixed optimal tilt angle as compared with the monthly optimal tilt angle. The result of this study was also validated by comparing it with the previously published works, PVGIS and PVWatt online software. The graphical abstract is included in the supplementary file.
Optimization of Human Resource Management System Based on Data Mining Technology and Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Tang Dicao
Published: August 2022

Talent is the first resource, and the role of talents in an enterprise is self-evident. Retaining key talents is crucial to the development of an enterprise. However, traditional data statistics methods cannot meet the needs of the government or enterprises in talent introduction, training, and reserve. For this reason, data mining technology and random forest algorithm are used to discover the hidden laws in the human resource management system and provide the government or enterprises with information. Decision support has become an urgent concern of the government and enterprises. This paper mainly studies human resources analysis and forecasting methods based on data mining technology and random forest. First, the data mining technology, naive Bayesian algorithm, decision tree algorithm, and random forest algorithm used in the research are introduced, and finally, the paper concludes this research.
Management Cost Management and Resource Optimization of Construction Enterprises Based on Ecological Environment Constraints
Authors: Xing Yan , Xin Quanying
Published: August 2022

In recent years, with the proposal of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, the domestic economy and its development have entered a new normal, which has promoted the determination and connection of the development strategies of various countries. It has brought new opportunities for the development of domestic enterprises. In this context, it has become a trend for Chinese enterprises to go international, especially in the construction industry; due to the good potential of the “Belt and Road” initiative, it is necessary to change and update from the traditional construction industry to modern construction industry. Therefore, how to promote the coordinated development of the construction company’s resource management system, meet the needs of the company’s own development, and adapt to the goals of internationalization and modern management have become a problem that people are very concerned about. The current domestic environmental situation is improving in part, but it is deteriorating in general. The harm caused by environmental pollution and damage is becoming more and more obvious. The construction industry is one of the national pillar industries, and it is also an industry with high energy consumption and high pollution. Based on this, this study first introduces construction enterprise management and resource optimization methods and integrates ecological environmental protection into enterprise operating cost management. Second, it establishes an enterprise‐centric resource allocation model and optimization algorithm. An empirical study was carried out on the ecological management capabilities of three construction enterprises of different sizes, namely, Industrial Group, Group A, and Construction Enterprise B, and concluded that the overall level of environmental competitiveness of construction enterprises in my country is not high, among the environmental management and construction capabilities of enterprises. The standardization ability of ecological engineering construction is relatively weak, resulting in poor overall profitability of the enterprise, and the number of green suppliers does not meet the needs of ecological development. However, under the constraints of the ecological environment, construction enterprises compete with each other to control operating costs and at the same time affect the environment. At the same time, the allocation of resources by enterprises is also more conducive to the development of ecological civilization in the industry.
miR-196b–TLR7/8 Signaling Axis Regulates Innate Immune Signaling and Myeloid Maturation in DNMT3A-Mutant AML
Authors: Gamlen Holly A. , Romer-Seibert Jennifer S. , Lawler Michael E. , Versace Amanda M. , Goetz Melanie L. , Feng Yang , Guryanova Olga A. , Palmisiano Neil , Meyer Sara E.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

DNMT3A mutations confer a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the molecular mechanisms downstream of DNMT3A mutations in disease pathogenesis are not completely understood, limiting targeted therapeutic options. The role of miRNA in DNMT3A-mutant AML pathogenesis is understudied.

Experimental Design:

DNA methylation and miRNA expression was evaluated in human AML patient samples and in Dnmt3a/Flt3-mutant AML mice. The treatment efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TLR7/8-directed therapies on DNMT3A-mutant AML were evaluated in vitro on human AML patient samples and in Dnmt3a/Flt3-mutant AML mice.

Results:

miR-196b is hypomethylated and overexpressed in DNMT3A-mutant AML and is associated with poor patient outcome. miR-196b overexpression in DNMT3A-mutant AML is important to maintain an immature state and leukemic cell survival through repression of TLR signaling. The TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod induces dendritic cell–like differentiation with costimulatory molecule expression in DNMT3A-mutant AML cells and provides a survival benefit to Dnmt3a/Flt3-mutant AML mice. The small molecule bryostatin-1 augments resiquimod-mediated AML growth inhibition and differentiation.

Conclusions:

DNMT3A loss-of-function mutations cause miRNA locus-specific hypomethylation and overexpression important for mutant DNMT3A–mediated pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. Specifically, the overexpression of miR-196b in DNMT3A-mutant AML creates a novel therapeutic vulnerability by controlling sensitivity to TLR7/8-directed therapies.
An Informatics Bridge to Improve the Design and Efficiency of Phase I Clinical Trials for Anticancer Drug Combinations
Authors: Wang Lei , Wei Lai , Zhang Shijun , Cheng Lijun , Shendre Aditi , Carson Williams , Chen James L. , Owen Dwight , Gregory Megan , Li Lang
Published: August 2022

In this study, we summarized critical databases of drug combination toxicity and pharmacokinetics. We further conducted a feasibility and utility study that demonstrates how different data sources can contribute to and assist phase I trial designs. Single-drug and drug combination toxicity and pharmacokinetic data were primarily reviewed from several databases. We focused on the MTD, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profiles. To demonstrate the feasibility and utility of these data sources in improving trial designs, phase I studies reported in ClincalTrials.gov from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were used as examples. We evaluated whether and how these studies could have been designed differently given toxicity and pharmacokinetic data. None of the existing pharmacokinetic and toxicity databases contain either MTD or DLT. Among 268 candidate trials, four drug combinations were studied in other phase I trials before 2018; 185 combinations had complete or partial information on drug interactions or overlapping toxicity, and 79 combinations did not have available information. Two drug combination trials were selected as case studies. The nivolumab-axitinib trial could have been designed as a dose deescalating study, and the vinorelbine-trastuzumab emtansine trial could have been designed with a lower dose of either drug. Public data sources contain significant knowledge of the drug combination phase I trial design. Some important data (MTD and DLT) are not available in existing databases but in the literature. Some phase I studies could have been designed more efficiently with additional preliminary data.

Significance:

Prior preclinical and clinical knowledge is critical for designing effective and efficient cancer drug combinatory trials. We reported results on the feasibility and utility of different informatics resources for contributing to and assisting phase I trial designs based on our designed classification approach. We also found that public data sources contained significant knowledge for drug combination phase I trial design, but some critical data elements (MTD and DLT) were missing.
Urine Macrophages Polarization Predicts Renal Function Recovery after Nephron-Sparing Surgery in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dai Xin , Liu Fan , Zhang Lin , Duan Liujian , Huang Yunteng , Qian Subo
Published: August 2022

Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the underlying associations between urine macrophages polarization and renal function recovery after nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to explore the potential application values of urine macrophages polarization in predicting the severity of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI). Methods: Sixty-two patients with unilateral RCC who underwent NSS in our departments were prospectively recorded and followed up for long-term renal function to assess the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Urine samples of patients were collected 72 h after surgery for analyzing pro-inflammatory (classically activated/M1) and pro-reparative (alternatively activated/M2) macrophages polarization by flow cytometry. The detailed correlations between urine macrophages polarization and renal function recovery after NSS were explored by statistical analyses. Results: The cumulative incidence of postoperative AKI was 27.4% (17/62), and 47.0% (8/17) of those eventually developed to CKD during the follow-up. The mean urine M1/M2 ratio was 10.54 ± 8.13 in the AKI group and 3.93 ± 3.10 in the non-AKI group, presenting a significant statistical difference (p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, the urine M1/M2 ratio presented amazing potential in predicting postoperative CKD as well, with a mean ratio of 12.54 ± 9.41 in the CKD group and 4.28 ± 3.21 in the non-CKD group (p < 0.0001). Though univariate analysis implied that urine M1/M2 ratio was a relevant factor of both postoperative AKI and CKD in NSS surgical patients, multivariate analysis did not show satisfying predicting potential in postoperative CKD, mainly due to the very limited candidates enrolled in this study. Conclusion: Urine macrophages polarization could predict renal function recovery after NSS in patients with RCC. The urine M1/M2 ratio might a potential biomarker of RIRI but needs to be further verified in clinical settings.
Multiplex gyrB PCR Assay for Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii Is Validated by Whole Genome Sequence-Based Assays
Authors: Albert M. John , Al-Hashem Ghayda , Rotimi Vincent O.
Published: August 2022

Objective: A multiplex gyrB PCR assay has been used to diagnose Acinetobacter baumannii. However, this assay has not been validated against the gold standard DNA-DNA hybridization assay, which is a laborious method. DNA-DNA hybridization assay is now replaced by whole genome sequence (WGS)-based methods. Two such methods are a k-mer-based search of sequence reads using the Kraken 2 program and average nucleotide identity (ANI). The objective was to validate the gyrB PCR assay with WGS-based methods. Subjects and Methods: We cultured 270 sequential A. baumannii isolates from the rectal swabs of 32 adult patients. The identity of the isolates was determined by gyrB PCR. The sequences of 269 isolates were determined by Illumina sequencing and the taxonomy was inferred by the Kraken 2 program and ANI. Results: All the 269 isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii by Kraken 2 and ANI. Conclusion: The gyrB PCR assay is now validated for easy identification of A. baumannii in comparison with gold standard WGS-based assays.
Information Theory–based Compositional Distributional
Semantics
Authors: Amigó Enrique , Ariza-Casabona Alejandro , Fresno Victor , Martí M. Antònia
Published: August 2022

In the context of text representation, Compositional Distributional Semantics models aim to fuse the Distributional Hypothesis and the Principle of Compositionality. Text embedding is based on co-ocurrence distributions and the representations are in turn combined by compositional functions taking into account the text structure. However, the theoretical basis of compositional functions is still an open issue. In this article we define and study the notion of Information Theory–based Compositional Distributional Semantics (ICDS): (i) We first establish formal properties for embedding, composition, and similarity functions based on Shannon’s Information Theory; (ii) we analyze the existing approaches under this prism, checking whether or not they comply with the established desirable properties; (iii) we propose two parameterizable composition and similarity functions that generalize traditional approaches while fulfilling the formal properties; and finally (iv) we perform an empirical study on several textual similarity datasets that include sentences with a high and low lexical overlap, and on the similarity between words and their description. Our theoretical analysis and empirical results show that fulfilling formal properties affects positively the accuracy of text representation models in terms of correspondence (isometry) between the embedding and meaning spaces.
Hybridization of Evolutionary Operators with Elitist Iterated Racing for the Simulation Optimization of Traffic Lights Programs
Authors: Cintrano Christian , Ferrer Javier , López-Ibáñez Manuel , Alba Enrique
Published: August 2022

In the traffic light scheduling problem, the evaluation of candidate solutions requires the simulation of a process under various (traffic) scenarios. Thus, good solutions should not only achieve good objective function values, but they must be robust (low variance) across all different scenarios. Previous work has shown that combining IRACE with evolutionary operators is effective for this task due to the power of evolutionary operators in numerical optimization. In this article, we further explore the hybridization of evolutionary operators and the elitist iterated racing of IRACE for the simulation–optimization of traffic light programs. We review previous works from the literature to find the evolutionary operators performing the best when facing this problem to propose new hybrid algorithms. We evaluate our approach over a realistic case study derived from the traffic network of Málaga (Spain) with 275 traffic lights that should be scheduled optimally. The experimental analysis reveals that the hybrid algorithm comprising IRACE plus differential evolution offers statistically better results than the other algorithms when the budget of simulations is low. In contrast, IRACE performs better than the hybrids for a high simulations budget, although the optimization time is much longer.
Looking at Anxiety from the Eyes of Domestic Workers: The Covid-19 Pandemic of 2020 Experience in Istanbul
Authors: Parlak Simel , Çelebi Çiğdem Demir , Yaman Neslihan
Published: August 2022

In this phenomenological study, it was attempted to carry out an in-depth investigation of the anxiety experiences of domestic workers, who were working as housekeepers but could not continue their work life during the COVID-19 outbreak. Through this, it was aimed to reveal their experiences regarding the anxiety they experienced during the pandemic process. In this study, in which the criterion sampling method was used, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 domestic worker women between the ages of 30–42. The 4-step data analysis process in Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenology pattern was used in the analyses. The descriptive phenomenological analysis revealed five main themes that describe the participants’ experiences: i) anxiety symptoms, ii) financial difficulties, iii) interfamilial relationships, iv) uncertainty and v) emotions that accompany anxiety. The main themes obtained by this research were similar to the sources of anxiety, its components and the emotions accompanying anxiety mentioned in the literature. During the quarantine days, it was seen that the most intense emotion experienced by domestic workers was anxiety. Although the lockdown and unemployment experiences of each participant is unique, it was determined that the most important determinants of this were economic problems due to the lack of job security.
The Spirit (רוח) in the Book of Psalms
Authors: Martin Lee Roy
Published: August 2022

This survey of the Spirit’s activity examines all thirty-nine occurrences of the word רוח (‘spirit’) in the book of Psalms. The study of these texts suggests that although the Psalter presents neither an organized pneumatology nor a complete one, the Spirit is described as the agent of God’s life-giving power and as the administrator of God’s moral authority. As the agent of God’s life-giving power, the Holy Spirit creates all life and sustains all life. As administrator of God’s moral authority, the Holy Spirit saves, guides, sanctifies, and enacts judgment.
Dismembering Israel
Authors: Basdeo Hill A. Rebecca
Published: August 2022

The book of Judges vividly depicts the spiritual decline, violence, and lawlessness that directly results from Israel’s failure to hear Yhwh. Israel’s refusal to hear Yhwh’s voice leads to each generation becoming more perverted, more depraved, and more corrupted than the prior generation, resulting in complete disorder at the end of the book. The downward spiral into anarchy and the steady social and spiritual deterioration seen in the book of Judges closely correspond to the security, interests, and welfare of the women in the narrative. The spiritual disintegration caused by Israel’s progressive deafness to Yhwh’s voice is linked to the oppression, violence, and silencing of women’s voices in Israel. This article examines the stories of the Israelite female characters in Judges and argues that the stories of women are organized in such a way that they expose the downward spiral of Israel as a whole.
Brieftheorie und Briefe im Spiegel frühneuzeitlichen Disputierens
Authors: Marti Hanspeter
Published: August 2022

The topic of this contribution is the relationship between letter and disputation in Early Modern times. The main part of the text is about letter-writing theory as it was presented in textbook-like manner in Early Modern dissertations, especially regarding the influence of the art of writing as Christian Weise taught it. Another emphasis lies in the theory of how to compose letters of recommendation. Another part of the essay lists areas in which research would be desired. Firstly, the interpretation of letters, which were included as paratexts of dissertations and could be used as proof of performance. Secondly, disputation and dissertation as topics in Early Modern correspondences. The latter are an important source for disputation and erudition history.
“Daß er ein Freund, ein Vorbote, ein Diener der Humanität werde, wollen auch wir an unserm unmerklich kleinen Teile befördern.”
Authors: Schienke Christian
Published: August 2022

Johann Gottfried Herder’s Briefe zu Beförderung der Humanität are probably the clearest articulation of the utopian intention inherent in his philosophy of history. As a result of the changes in utopian thinking with the beginning of the Enlightenment, this intention aims at humane principles of behavior and life practices instead of an ideal state. At the same time, it urges historical efficacy under the condition of an increasingly skeptical naturalized anthropology. The utopian conditions intended by Herder are therefore no longer presentable in the textual pattern of literary utopia handed down from Thomas More. This possibility, however, is offered by a common convention of philosophical epistolary sequences: the staging of a fictional correspondence allows Herder to present a humane discursive practice that exemplifies the utopian conditions themselves.
Die Briefe Philipp Jakob Speners
Authors: Heydecke Marcus
Published: August 2022

Philipp Jakob Spener was one of the most important Lutheran theologians in the last third of the 17th century. For Spener, the letter is a means of information and communication. Spener’s letters contain multiple news items about people, events and new literary publications. He himself published his responsa using excerpts and complete letters for it. Private letters can hardly be found in the printed Responsa collections. However, some of these have been preserved as originals or as copies. The variety of topics is remarkable. Using preserved manuscripts, a historical-critical edition of Spener’s letters is currently being made.
“Weißheit ist nicht Bauen, sondern Niederreissen”
Authors: Klawitter Arne
Published: August 2022

The ‘Letters on German Poets’ written jointly by Ludwig August Unzer and Jakob Mauvillon published under the title Ueber den Werth einiger Deutschen Dichter und über andere Gegenstände den Geschmack und die schöne Litteratur betreffend (2 Vol., 1771/1772) caused a sensation immediately after its appearance. While in the first part Gellert’s entire poetic œuvre is critically dissected and dismantled, in the second part the authors rank the German poets by subjecting their poems to a comprehensive classification according to the aspects of an aesthetic of genius. The radicalism of this aesthetic approach is reflected in the largely devastating criticism that the letters received in leading review journals. However, some judgments, such as the one published in the Frankfurter gelehrten Anzeigen, reveal that these ‘Letters on German Poets’ written according to the Socratic method can be considered in retrospect as a ‘ferment’ of a provocative criticism in the spirit of genius aesthetics and as a harbinger of the Sturm und Drang movement.
The tribe Cybalomiini (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Glaphyrinae) of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: AGASSIZ DAVID
Published: August 2022

The Cybalomiini (Crambidae, Glaphyrinae) of Africa south of the Sahara are revised. One new genus Melouia is described, 26 new species: Crambicybolomia similis, Goniophysetis aarviki, G. cuthberti, Trichophysetis collinsi, T. vumbensis, T. foveolatae, T. zariensis, T. samueli, T. ethiopica, T. mossi, T. trilinealis, T. cataracta, Melouia krooni, M. aspidophoralis, Ptychopseustis maesi, P. sharporum, P. baringensis, P. abyssinica, P. catherinae, P. butleri, P. fuscalis, P. beccarii, P. sinualis, P. umbroterminalis, P. brunneoflavalis, and P. suffusalis are described and one new synonymy is declared.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Thereuopoda clunifera (Chilopoda: Scutigeridae) and phylogenetic implications within Chilopoda
Authors: ZHAO XINYI , LU YIFAN , FAN SHIMING , XU WEI , WANG JIACHEN , WANG GUOBING , LIU HONGYI
Published: August 2022

We determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Thereuopoda clunifera (Chilopoda: Scutigeridae) to clarify the phylogenetic status within Chilopoda. Using Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing technologies, the entire mitogenome of T. clunifera was assembled and annotated, with 14,898 bp in length and 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes), which are usually found in arthropod mitogenomes. Only one D-loop contained no repeat element. The base composition of T. clunifera was found to be A + T content of 69.55% and G + C content of 30.45%. The AT-skew of T. clunifera was positive, while the GC-skew was negative. The gene order of T. clunifera was identical to that of Scutigera coleoptrata that has been unique among those so far determined for the Arthropoda. We also performed phylogenetic analyses of 25 Myriapoda species to further explore the taxonomic and evolutionary relationships within Myriapoda and Chilopoda. Phylogenetic analyses supported that the division of Chilopoda into subclasses Notostigmophora and Pleurostigmophora.
Three-Dimensional Static Instability of Gravity Waves and a Possible Parameterization of the Associated Wave Breaking
Authors: Borchert Sebastian , Zängl Günther
Published: August 2022

Parameterizations of subgrid-scale gravity waves (GWs) in atmospheric models commonly involve the description of the dissipation of GWs. Where they dissipate, GWs have an increased effect on the large-scale flow. Instabilities that trigger wave breaking are an important starting point for the route to dissipation. Possible destabilizing mechanisms are numerous, but the classical vertical static instability is still regarded as a key indicator for the disposition to wave breaking. In this work, we investigate how the horizontal variations associated with a GW could alter the criterion for static instability. To this end, we use an extension of the common parcel displacement method. This three-dimensional static stability analysis predicts a significantly larger range of instability than does the vertical static stability analysis. In this case, the Lindzen-type saturation adjustment to a state of marginal stability is perhaps a less suitable ansatz for the parameterization of the GW breaking. To develop a possible ansatz for the GW dissipation due to three-dimensional instability, we apply the methods of irreversible thermodynamics, which are embedded in the Gibbs formalism of dynamics. In this way, the parameterization does not only satisfy the second law of thermodynamics, but it can also be made consistent with the conservation of energy and further (non-)conservation principles. We develop the parameterization for a discrete spectrum of GW packets. Offline computations of GW drag and dissipative heating rates are performed for two vertical profiles of zonal wind and temperature for summer and winter conditions from CIRA data. The results are compared to benchmarks from the literature.
Multiyear ENSO Dynamics as Revealed in Observations, Climate Model Simulations, and the Linear Recharge Oscillator
Authors: Iwakiri Tomoki , Watanabe Masahiro
Published: August 2022

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events occasionally recur one after the other in the same polarity, called multiyear ENSO. However, the dynamical processes are not well understood. This study aims to elucidate the unified mechanisms of multiyear ENSO using observations, phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models, and the theoretical linear recharge oscillator (RO) model. We found that multiyear El Niño and La Niña events are roughly symmetric except for cases of multiyear La Niña following strong El Niño. The composite multiyear ENSO reveals that anomalous ocean heat content (OHC) in the equatorial Pacific persists beyond the first peak, stimulating another event. This prolonged OHC anomaly is caused by meridional Ekman heat transport counteracting geostrophic transport-induced recharge–discharge process that otherwise acts to change the OHC anomaly. A meridionally wide pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies observed during multiyear ENSO is responsible for the Ekman heat transport and multiple factors such as decadal variability, subtropical processes, and ENSO diversity modulate the ENSO meridional structure. CMIP6 multimodel ensemble shows a significant correlation between the ENSO meridional width and the occurrence ratio of multiyear ENSO, supporting the aforementioned mechanism. A multiyear ENSO-like oscillation was simulated using the linear RO model that incorporates a seasonally varying Bjerknes growth rate and a weak recharge efficiency representing the effect of Ekman transport. When the recharge efficiency parameter was estimated using reanalysis data based on geostrophic transport alone, a multiyear ENSO rarely occurred, confirming the importance of Ekman transport in retarding the recharge–discharge process.
An Assessment of Juvenile Justice Reform in Ohio: Impact on Youth Placement and Recidivism From 2008 to 2015
Authors: Park Insun , Sullivan Christopher J. , Holmes Bryan
Published: August 2022

Juvenile justice systems across the U.S. have undergone transformations over the last 20 years. These efforts include deliberate attempts and policy decisions enacted to reduce the number of incarcerated youths. Ohio has implemented a series of initiatives in its juvenile justice system designed to reduce reliance on state custody of youth in favor of local alternatives. Using Ohio’s juvenile justice systems as a focal case, this study assessed reform initiatives on the reduction in youth incarceration and recidivism. Our analyses of 5,000 youths sampled from cases processed between 2008 and 2015 revealed a sustained trend in diverting youth from incarceration, most conspicuously among low risk youths. The diverted population, after adjusting for covariates through propensity score techniques, had lower rates of incarceration compared to the youths in state residential facilities. The outcome of the reform initiatives is discussed in terms of supporting redirection and reinvestment of finite resources and refining intervention strategies in implementing change in juvenile justice.
The affective infrastructure of a protest camp: Asylum seekers’ ‘Right to Live’ movement
Authors: Näre Lena , Jokela Maija
Published: August 2022

In this article, we develop the concept of affective infrastructure as the entanglement of affects, meanings and materiality to analyse protest camps as a specific organisational form of social and political movement. Drawing on two ethnographic research projects investigating an asylum seekers’ protest camp in Helsinki, Finland, we argue that affects can be understood as having an infrastructural quality. The article contributes to research on affective politics by empirically studying the affective infrastructure of a protest camp. We distinguish between three interrelated dimensions of the affective infrastructure of a protest camp. First, affects are mobilised to mediate place-related meanings, the alteration of which is crucial to all protest camps. Second, affects are involved in creating the social space and atmosphere necessary to sustain a long-lasting protest. Third, affects impress themselves on abstract objects and ideas that must be managed as a part of the protest’s political message. Affects not only join subjects and objects together but also divide them, illustrating that an infrastructure becomes visible when it staggers or fails.
Health Care Providers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward Counterfeit Medicines in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Siraj Jafer , Gebre Abzayou , Shafi Miftah , Birhan Abdella , Ejeta Fikadu , Hambisa Solomon
Published: August 2022

There is a paucity of evidence-based information regarding healthcare professionals’ awareness and views toward counterfeit medicines in developing countries. Therefore; this is aimed to assess health care providers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward counterfeit medicines in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among health care providers working in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital from December 2020 to January 2021. A total of 171 health care providers participated in the study. Data were collected through self-administered structured questionnaires developed by reviewing similar surveys with some modifications. The data analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21). Variables with P value <.05 were considered as statistically significant. Large proportions of the study participants (84.2%) have information on counterfeit drugs and 15.8% of them described counterfeit medicine as product with toxic impurities. 50.3% of them were able to distinguish a counterfeit drug from the genuine drug. 8.2% of the participants demonstrated that counterfeit medicine can be identified by physical observation of labeling, color appearance and packaging. 61.4% of the study respondents revealed that strong legal action can prevent circulation of counterfeit medicine. Professional distribution was significantly associated with the attitude of health care providers toward counterfeit medicines ( P < .05). Accordingly, public health officers and midwifery health care providers were more likely to have poor attitude toward counterfeit medicines (AOR = 6.09, CI (1.798-20.69) and (AOR = 3.98(1.54-10.25)) respectively as compared to nurses. This study demonstrated the importance of awareness creation to all health care providers. Drug regulatory bodies and concerning bodies must play an active role in designing appropriate program and policy to enhance health professionals’ knowledge and attitude toward CFM. There is also a need of empowering the practitioners in identifying counterfeit drugs by simple observations.
Aecsthetic transformative experience. A pragmatist outline
Authors: Gregoratto Federica
Published: August 2022

How does emancipation from social oppression work and unfold? The paper is an attempt to deal with this question from an aesthetic point of view. By drawing on pragmatist resources, and more precisely on John Dewey’s aesthetic theory and on Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’, I discuss the critical and transformative potential of a special kind of aesthetic experience, namely ‘aecsthetic experience’. The paper unfolds in three steps: First, I introduce Iris Marion Young’s account of social oppression, which fits particularly well with the framework of the ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ (1). I show then, in contrast to an established interpretation, how the protagonist of Gilman’s story makes an experience of liberation from oppression (2). Finally, I reconstruct Dewey’s role in my interpretation of this feminist classic, and I suggest what a Deweyan account might learn from it (3).
Endolymphatic Sac Surgery: Understanding the Historical Influence of Circumstance and Statistics
Authors: Hamza Mahmoud M. , Huang Victoria W. , Naples James G.
Published: August 2022

In 1981, Danish physician Jens Thomsen conducted the first and only documented sham‐controlled surgical trial in the history of otolaryngology. This trial is historically significant as it was the first in the field to use a methodologically sound study design to address a frustratingly complex disorder such as Ménière's disease. Despite this, historical interpretations of this work have varied, and questions about the results have been raised. We review the fascinating historical context of this landmark trial and detail how it was influenced by the rise of the randomized controlled trial. We examine how subsequent statistical analyses and interpretations of this historical work have affected surgical treatment paradigms in Ménière's disease, and we look forward to suggest the legacy of this work as a sham‐controlled surgical trial in otolaryngology.