bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerson’s English Traits and the Natural History of Metaphor
Authors: LaRocca David
Published: September 2014

Using English Traits as his point of departure, LaRocca explores the presence and significance of metaphors in Emerson. In doing so, he shows their centrality to Emerson’s thinking, but also reminds us of their centrality to all thinking. For example, purity metaphors abounded in nineteenth-century discourse in science, literature, and philosophy. Emerson picks up on this phenomenon, both to examine and undermine it. Why, for instance, would a faith in purity be philosophically dangerous? Purity is merely one of a host of metaphors that reveal problematical implications. Others include: blood, race, family, nation, genealogy, anatomy, and melancholy. By throwing light on Emerson’s scrutiny of the great metaphors of his age, LaRocca lays bare the allusive and anecdotal aspects of Emerson’s prose-the way it makes possible thinking on certain topics, and renews thinking of other issues. Metaphors are ubiquitous and yet-or, for that very reason-go largely unseen. We are all susceptible to blindness for metaphors. This book serves as a set of “reminders” of certain features of the natural history of our language.
Aesthetics and Nature
Authors: Parsons Glenn
Published: September 2014

Aesthetics and Nature offers a clear and accessible introduction to the field of nature aesthetics. Glenn Parsons explores the current debates in the field, providing the reader with a thorough overview of the subject. The book situates nature aesthetics in relation to two principal influences: aesthetics' traditional project of understanding the value of art and current thought on the ethics of our relationship with nature.

The book outlines five major approaches to understanding the aesthetic value of nature and explores the aesthetic appreciation of nature as it occurs in wilderness, in gardens, and in the context of appreciating environmental art. The book also includes a study of the idea that conserving nature's beauty provides a compelling reason to preserve wilderness. This highly topical idea has deep implications for the importance of aesthetic value in our relationship to nature, and for the fate of nature itself. Combining a clear and engaging style with a sophisticated treatment of a fascinating subject, Aesthetics and Nature is a valuable contribution to contemporary aesthetics.
The Cognitive Value of Philosophical Fiction
Authors: Jukka Mikkonen
Published: September 2014

Can literary fictions convey significant philosophical views, understood in terms of propositional knowledge? This study addresses the philosophical value of literature by examining how literary works impart philosophy truth and knowledge and to what extent the works should be approached as communications of their authors. Beginning with theories of fiction, it examines the case against the prevailing ‘pretence’ and ‘make-believe’ theories of fiction hostile to propositional theories of literary truth. Tackling further arguments against the cognitive function and value of literature, this study illustrates how literary works can contribute to knowledge by making assertions and suggestions and by providing hypotheses for the reader to assess. Through clear analysis of the concept of the author, the role of the authorial intention and the different approaches to the ‘meaning’ of a literary work, this study provides an historical survey to the cognitivist-anti-cognitivist dispute, introducing contemporary trends in the discussion before presenting a novel approach to recognizing the cognitive function of literature. An important contribution to philosophical studies of literature and knowledge.
Iris Murdoch and the Art of Imagining
Authors: Altorf Marije
Published: September 2014

Iris Murdoch and the Art of Imagining offers a new appreciation of Iris Murdoch's philosophy, emphasising the importance of images and the imagination for her thought.

This book is first and foremost a study of Iris Murdoch's philosophical work. It examines how literature and imagination enabled Murdoch to form a philosophical response to the decline of religion. It thus argues that Murdoch is an important philosopher, because she has not confined herself to philosophy. The book also reconsiders various contemporary assumptions about what philosophy is and does. Through Le Doeuff's notion of the philosophical imaginary, it examines the different ways in which images and imagination are part of philosophy.
Deleuze: A Guide for the Perplexed
Authors: Colebrook Claire
Published: September 2014

Continuum's Guides for the Perplexed are clear, concise and accessible introductions to thinkers, writers and subjects that students and readers can find especially challenging. Concentrating specifically on what it is that makes the subject difficult to fathom, these books explain and explore key themes and ideas, guiding the reader towards a thorough understanding of demanding material. Gilles Deleuze is undoubtedly one of the seminal figures in modern Continental thought. However, his philosophy makes considerable demands on the student; his major works make for challenging reading and require engagement with some difficult concepts and complex systems of thought. Deleuze: A Guide for the Perplexed is the ideal text for anyone who needs to get to grips with Deleuzian thought, offering a thorough, yet approachable account of the central themes in his work: sense; univocity; intuition; singularity; difference. His ideas related to language, politics, ethics and consciousness are explored in detail and - most importantly - clarified. The book also locates Deleuze in the context of his philosophical influences and antecedents and highlights the implications of his ideas for a range of disciplines from politics to film theory. Throughout, close attention is paid to Deleuze's most influential publications, including the landmark texts The Logic of Sense and Difference and Repetition.
Public Religion and the Urban Environment
Authors: Bohannon Richard
Published: September 2014

'Nature' and the 'city' have most often functioned as opposites within Western culture, a dichotomy that has been reinforced (and sometimes challenged) by religious images. Bohannon argues here that cities and natural environments, however, are both connected and continually affected by one another. He shows how such connections become overt during natural disasters, which disrupt the narratives people use to make sense of the world, including especially religious narratives, and make them more visible. This book offers both a theoretical exploration of the intersection of the city, nature, and religion, as well as a sociological analysis of the 1997 flood in Grand Forks, ND, USA. This case study shows how religious factors have influenced how the relationship between nature and the city is perceived, and in particular have helped to justify the urban control of nature. The narratives found in Grand Forks also reveal a broader understanding of the nature of Western cities, highlighting the potent and ethically-rich intersections between religion, cities and nature.
Juxtaposition and the Elisha Cycle
Authors: Gilmour Rachelle
Published: September 2014

This monograph examines the juxtaposition of narrative units in biblical narrative and the effect this has on interpretation. Early rabbinical and inner-biblical interpretations suggest that juxtaposition was an intentional device used by biblical editors and authors to shape the meaning of their material. Therefore, this monograph develops a framework for recognising the ways in which adjacent units interpret and re-interpret one another and presents this framework as an important hermeneutical tool. Stories and episodes that are linked chronologically affect one another through a relationship of causes and consequences. The categories of contradiction, corroboration and question and answer are also used to describe the types of interaction between narrative units and demonstrate how such dialogues create new meaning. Indicators in the text that guide the audience towards the intended interpretation are identified in order that a 'poetics' of juxtaposition is developed. The theoretical basis established in the first half of the monograph is then applied to the Elisha cycle. Each episode is interpreted independently and then read in juxtaposition with the surrounding episodes, producing a fresh literary reading of the cycle. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate how juxtaposition functioned as a diachronic process, attention is given to the literary history of the cycle. We conjecture earlier interpretations of the Elisha episodes and compare them to the final form of the cycle. Finally, the Elisha cycle is itself a story juxtaposed with other stories and so the same principles of interpretation are used to suggest the meaning of the cycle within the book of Kings.
Shakespeare and Elizabethan Popular Culture
Authors: Gillespie Stuart , Rhodes Neil
Published: September 2014

While much has been written on Shakespeare’s debt to the classical tradition, less has been said about his roots in the popular culture of his own time. This is the first book to explore the full range of his debts to Elizabethan popular culture. Topics covered include the mystery plays, festive custom, clowns, romance and popular fiction, folklore and superstition, everyday sayings, and popular songs. These essays show how Shakespeare, throughout his dramatic work, used popular culture. A final chapter, which considers ballads with Shakespearean connections in the seventeenth century, shows how popular culture immediately after his time used Shakespeare.
Matthew: Volume 1: 1-7
Authors: Davies W. D. , Allison ,   JR. Dale C.
Published: September 2014

'How should this massive work of scholarship be assessed? The three volumes stand as one of the major commentaries on the Gospel of Matthew in which all future interpreters of the Gospel will find a source of fruitful dialogue and helpful ideas. It is a "must have", both in libraries and in footnotes. Davies and Allison are to be thoroughly commended on the fruits of their considerable toil.'
Acts 1-14
Authors: Barrett C. K.
Published: September 2014

For over one hundred years, the International Critical Commentary series has held a special place among works on the Bible. It has sought to bring together all the relevant aids to exegesis — linguistic and textual no less than archaeological, historical, literary and theological—with a level of comprehension and quality of scholarship unmatched by any other series.

No attempt has been made to secure a uniform theological or critical approach to the biblical text: contributors have been invited for their scholarly distinction, not for their adherence to any one school of thought. The first paperback editions to be published cover the heart of the New Testament, providing a wealth of information and research in accessible and attractive format.
Beyond Black
Authors: Cashmore Ellis
Published: September 2014

Beyond Black is Ellis Cashmore's compelling appraisal of the impact of black celebrities on the cultural landscape of contemporary America. In recent years a new variety of African American celebrity has emerged: acquisitive, ambitious, flamboyantly successful and individualistic - more interested in channelling their energy into career development than into the political struggles that animated some of their predecessors. Bill Cosby and Oprah Winfrey were early examples; current A-listers include Beyoncé and Tiger Woods.

The most valuable product these celebrities sell, according to Cashmore, is a particular conception of America: as a nation where racism has been - if not banished - rendered insignificant. Jargon-free but with scholarly attention to theory, evidence and logic, this is a riveting account of contemporary American society, from the minstrel shows of the nineteenth century, through the Hollywood film industry of the 1930s, to today's hip-hop culture.
Globalizing Cricket
Authors: Malcolm Dominic
Published: September 2014

Globalizing Cricket examines the global role of the sport - how it developed and spread around the world. The book explores the origins of cricket in the eighteenth century, its establishment as England's national game in the nineteenth, the successful (Caribbean) and unsuccessful (American) diffusion of cricket as part of the development of the British Empire and its role in structuring contemporary identities amongst and between the English, the British and postcolonial communities.

Whilst empirically focused on the sport itself, the book addresses broader issues such as social development, imperialism, race, diaspora and national identities. Tracing the beginnings of cricket as a 'folk game' through to the present, it draws together these different strands to examine the meaning and social significance of the modern game. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the role of sport in both colonial and post-colonial periods; the history and peculiarities of English national identity; or simply intrigued by the game and its history.
Sport for Development and Peace
Authors: Darnell Simon C.
Published: September 2014

The role of sport in development initiatives has grown dramatically over the last five years, now finding a place in the UN's millennium development goals. In FONT-STYLE: italic Sport and Development for Peace, Simon Darnell outlines the most recent sociological research on the role of sport in development initiatives.

The book analyses the relationship between sport and international development and looks at what this reveals about socio-political economy. It addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on issues of politics, power and culture, particularly looking at volunteer experience, mega-sporting events and sporting celebrity in the context of development. Darnell questions the belief that sport can offer a 'solution' to enduring development issues. Drawing on the latest empirical research, the book is a thorough and timely analysis of the social and political implications of tying sport to development.
Fairground Attractions
Authors: Philips Deborah
Published: September 2014

The study investigates the cultural production of the visual iconography of popular pleasure grounds from the eighteenth century pleasure garden to the contemporary theme park. Deborah Philips identifies the literary genres, including fairy tale, gothic horror, Egyptiana and the Western which are common to carnival sites, tracing their historical transition across a range of media to become familiar icons of popular culture.Though the bricolage of narratives and imagery found in the contemporary leisure zone has been read by many as emblematic of postmodern culture, the author argues that the clash of genres and stories is less a consequence of postmodern pastiche than it is the result of a history and popular tradition of conventionalised iconography.
Prevalence and clinical specificity of fatigue symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis
Authors: Treder Natalia , Jodzio Krzysztof
Published: September 2014

This article provides a critical review of the psychological and related literature on fatigue resulting in both mental and physical experiences. On one hand, prolonged severe fatigue is a prominent disabling symptom in various diseases of different aetiology – psychiatric (e.g. depression), somatic (e.g. some infections) and neurologic (e.g. multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis). For instance, fatigue is a main symptom of myasthenia that leads to pathological skeletal muscle weakness. Furthermore, 40 to 90 per cent of individuals suffering from multiple sclerosis confirm they have experienced fatigue, which impairs their cognitive functioning. In both multiple sclerosis and myasthenia, fatigue has not only a physical but also a psychological dimension. On the other hand, fatigue can be seen as an isolated set of symptoms of unknown origin called the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The development of the concept, diagnostic criteria and some strategies of coping with CFS are presented. Various somatic disorders, as well as subjective cognitive and emotional complaints, are common and well documented in patients with CFS. The most typical include depression, as well as problems with concentration of attention, decision-making and reasoning in complex situations. However, general intellectual abilities and higher order cognitive skills are intact. Directions for future research are outlined.
Toward positive and systemic mental health practices in schools: Fostering social-emotional learning through service
Authors: Wilczenski Felicia L. , Cook Amy L.
Published: September 2014

Mental health services in schools in the 21st century will be prevention-oriented with a grounding in positive psychology and strong school-family-community partnerships that emphasize proactive and systemic practices to build social-emotional competencies for all children. This article makes the case for youth development through service learning to promote social and emotional wellness.
Expectations towards medical personnel – a study with infertility clinic patients
Authors: Redo Katarzyna , Bielawska-Batorowicz Eleonora
Published: September 2014

Background

Contacts with medical personnel are important for patients’ experiences. The role of physicians’ psychosocial competence was noted in Polish studies, but systematic analyses of infertile patients’ expectations have not been conducted. This study was designed to learn about patients’ views on relationships with medical personnel. It was assumed that: 1) staff involvement in infertility treatment would be reflected in expectations towards persons in different roles, 2) expectations might be related to patients’ gender, duration of infertility, and type of treatment, 3) expectations of couples would be related.

Participants and procedure

Fifty-one married couples filled in a purposely designed questionnaire. Items related to information, attitudes and support were divided into three sections – expectations towards physicians, other medical personnel, psychologists – and were scored on a scale of 1 to 5 points.

Results

No gender effect of duration of treatment, type of infertility or treatment method on expectations was found. Partners expected the same level of information from physicians and the same level of emotional support from psychologists. Other expectations were consistently higher in women. There was a clear division of expectations towards different groups of personnel – the expectation to make the best medical choices was assigned to physicians, while the expectation to provide a supportive relationship and coping skills was assigned to psychologists, but all were expected to respect patients’ privacy, choices and decisions.

Conclusions

The findings indicate the division of expectations towards different groups of personnel, with the tendency of women to articulate their expectations more clearly and strongly, but towards the same aspects of staff functioning as men do.
Optimism, pain coping strategies and pain intensity among women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kwissa-Gajewska Zuzanna , Olesińska Marzena , Tomkiewicz Anna
Published: September 2014

Cel pracy: Według biopsychospołecznego modelu ból jest zjawiskiem wielowymiarowym, składającym się z czynników: fizjologicznych (odczucie bólu), psychologicznych (poznawczych, emocjonalnych) i społecznych (status socjoekonomiczny, wsparcie społeczne). W dotychczasowych badaniach skupiano się głównie na właściwościach wzmacniających nieprzyjemne doznanie, niewiele prac dotyczyło czynników obniżających jego nasilenie. Celem badania było sprawdzenie różnic w zakresie odczuwania bólu przewlekłego uwarunkowanych poziomem optymizmu i strategii radzenia sobie z bólem u kobiet z reumatoidalnym zapaleniem stawów (RZS).

Materiał i metody: Badaniami kwestionariuszowymi objęto 54 kobiety w wieku 24–65 lat podczas 7-dniowej hospitalizacji. Zastosowano jednorazowo kwestionariusze LOT-R (optymizm; Scheier, Carver i Bridges), Kwestionariusz strategii radzenia sobie z bólem (CSQ; Rosenstiel i Keefe) oraz 10-stopniową wizualno-analogową skalę bólu (VAS), uzupełnianą przez pacjentki w czasie kolejnych 7 dni hospitalizacji.

Wyniki: Wykazano istotne znaczenie optymizmu dla odczuwanego bólu przewlekłego oraz stosowanych strategii radzenia sobie z nim. Osoby oczekujące pozytywnych wyników swoich działań (wysoki optymizm) doświadczały słabszego bólu niż pesymiści, stosując zwiększoną aktywność behawioralną, nadmiernie nie koncentrując się i nie przeceniając doznań bólowych (katastrofizowania). Niezależnie od uwarunkowań osobowościowych aktywne radzenie sobie poprzez ignorowanie doświadczeń zmysłowych oraz traktowanie bólu jako wyzwania i przekonanie, że można sobie z nim poradzić (deklarowanie radzenia sobie), pozytywnie wpływało na obniżenie bólu, a katastrofizacja – na jego nasilenie. Najczęściej stosowaną strategią radzenia sobie było modlenie się lub pokładanie nadziei. Istotną zmienną demograficzną, wpływającą na poziom nieprzyjemnego odczucia, było zatrudnienie – osoby bezrobotne odczuwały słabszy ból niż pracujące.

Wnioski: Wyniki badania wskazują, że w praktyce klinicznej należałoby uwzględnić optymizm i podejmowane strategie radzenia sobie z bólem. Szczególną uwagę trzeba zwracać na osoby chore na RZS, które wykazują negatywne oczekiwania determinujące u nich silny przewlekły ból bez względu na podejmowaną aktywność zaradczą. Skuteczną strategią może być wzmacnianie pozytywnych oczekiwań względem leczenia oraz poszukiwanie korzyści w aktualnej sytuacji zdrowotnej.
Flexible C : N ratio enhances metabolism of large phytoplankton when resource supply is intermittent
Authors: Talmy D. , Blackford J. , Hardman-Mountford N. J. , Polimene L. , Follows M. J. , Geider R. J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Phytoplankton cell size influences particle sinking rate, food web interactions and biogeographical distributions. We present a model in which the uptake, storage and assimilation of nitrogen and carbon are explicitly resolved in different-sized phytoplankton cells. In the model, metabolism and cellular C : N ratio are influenced by the accumulation of carbon polymers such as carbohydrate and lipid, which is greatest when cells are nutrient starved, or exposed to high light. Allometric relations and empirical data sets are used to constrain the range of possible C : N, and indicate that larger cells can accumulate significantly more carbon storage compounds than smaller cells. When forced with extended periods of darkness combined with brief exposure to saturating irradiance, the model predicts organisms large enough to accumulate significant carbon reserves may on average synthesize protein and other functional apparatus up to five times faster than smaller organisms. The advantage of storage in terms of average daily protein synthesis rate is greatest when modeled organisms were previously nutrient starved, and carbon storage reservoirs saturated. Small organisms may therefore be at a disadvantage in terms of average daily growth rate in environments that involve prolonged periods of darkness and intermittent nutrient limitation. We suggest this mechanism is a significant constraint on phytoplankton C : N variability and cell size distribution in different oceanic regimes.
Ética, economia e justiça: a escolha social no pensamento de Sen e Smith
Authors: Araujo Luiz Bernardo Leite , Creder Fábio Dos Santos
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo pretendemos examinar a profunda e abrangente influência exercida pela obra de Adam Smith sobre o pensamento de Amartya Sen, especialmente no que concerne ao tema da justiça social, que permeia os escritos de ambos os autores. Primeiramente analisaremos a revisão da obra de Smith, promovida por Sen, para refutar a interpretação, ainda prevalecente, que lança mão de determinados excertos de A riqueza das nações como principal referência na defesa da desregulamentação dos mercados e na isenção do pensamento econômico de qualquer consideração por valores morais, demonstrando como Sen recorre às ideias de Smith para explicar o empobrecimento da economia ao afastar-se da ética. Em seguida nos deteremos na contundente influência do pensamento de Smith sobre a crítica de Sen à teoria da escolha racional mediante sua peculiar formulação da teoria da escolha social, cuja importância foi justamente reconhecida ao lhe valer o prêmio Nobel de economia em 1998.
Linguagem e Negação em Hegel
Authors: Safatle Vladimir
Published: September 2014

Trata-se de abordar o problema da teoria hegeliana da linguagem a partir do ponto onde pragmática e ontologia se articulam. Isto exige uma reflexão sobre a maneira com que Hegel organiza as dinâmicas da pragmática da linguagem levando em conta os modos de manifestação de uma negação ontológica no interior do campo de experiências lingüísticas da consciência
Haveria uma vida ética?
Authors: Kervégan Jean-François
Published: September 2014

O presente artigo investiga as relações entre individualidade e espírito objetivo no quadro da filosofia política hegeliana. Retomando o significado mediador contido na idéia de vida ética, procura-se apontar uma alternativa à interpretação de que Hegel seria partidário de um institucionalismo forte, que dissolveria o indivíduo quando de sua institucionalização sócio-política.
Algumas Observações sobre as Vermischte Bermerkungen
Authors: Prado Júnior Bento
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho visa mostrar que as Vermischte Bemerkungen não ocupam lugar marginal na obra de Wittgenstein. Pelo contrário, constituiriam, com as reflexões sobre cultura, arte e religião, uma chave essencial para a compreensão do núcleo lógico ou gramatical dessa filosofia. Para além das notórias transformações ou diferentes fases da ou na concepção da linguagem, poderiam também dar a ver algo como uma profunda continuidade do pensamento ou da obra de Wittgenstein. O caráter essencialmente indireto da linguagem e do trabalho da filosofia, entre a prosae a poesia, estaria no coração do pensamento de Wittgenstein ao longo de toda sua obra e seria indispensável mesmo para a compreensão das transformações por que foi obrigado a passar ao longo das décadas.
Algumas notas sobre realismo e ultrarealismo em Sartre
Authors: Carrasco Alexandre De Oliveira Torres
Published: September 2014

O presente texto explora a possibilida de de articular os vários elementos do corpus sartreano segundo um eixo por nós denominado realismo. Vale notar que aqui, realismo, igualmente problema, diz respeito à tendência estrutural das letras ocidentais para a representação da realidade. Entretanto, o sentido manifesto do artigo é menos definir este realismo e mais articular os elementos especulativos, críticos e literários sartreanos por dent ro, de modo a tornar evidente, contra as aparências e contra alguns críticos, a integridade do projeto sartreano, a despeito das mais variadas frentes que explorou.
O “eu” em Fichte e Schopenhauer
Authors: Cacciola Maria Lúcia
Published: September 2014

O presente artigo tem por objetivo tomar partido diante do texto de GuéroultFichte et Schopenhauer, abordando as diferenças entre ambos ao enfrentarem a questão doeu. Partimos do problema da coisa-em-si kantiana, considerada como causa do fenômeno,e as respectivas soluções propostas por Fichte e Schopenhauer, para nos posicionarmos emrelação às críticas de Guéroult a Schopenhauer, que evidenciam sobretudo as incoerênciasdo idealismo desse último. O nosso propósito é afinal, não deixando de dar razão aGuéroult, realçar a especificidade da filosofia schopenhaueriana no que se refere ao “eu”,mostrando que a força e originalidade de seu pensamento estaria justamente na falha quecomete ao abandonar o rigor do idealismo de Fichte, salientado e louvado por Guéroult.
Um estudo sobre a relação entre filosofia cética e criação ensaística em Michel de Montaigne
Authors: Wolter Katarina Maurer
Published: September 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo tratar dos Ensaios de Michel de Montaigne a partir de uma perspectiva que leve em conta a íntima relação entre o pensamento filosófico e a sua expressão literária. Parte-se da suspeita de que há, na própria criação ensaística, um conteúdo filosófico cético, que é próprio deste autor. Neste sentido, o ensaio como gênero literário já não seria apenas o exercício livre do pensamento, mas constituiria a forma que exprime, da melhor maneira possível, os efeitos causados pela “crise pirrônica” e, em especial, a constatação filosófica do caráter relativo do conhecimento humano.
A Função das Dúvidas Céticas nas Meditações de Descartes
Authors: Williges Flavio
Published: September 2014

O objetivo central deste artigo é sustentar que as hipóteses céticas presentes na Primeira Meditação, especialmente a dúvida acerca das coisas materiais, devem ser entendidas como uma espécie de exercício mental proposto como expediente para fragilizar a confiança nos sentidos e preparar o leitor das Meditações para a apreensão de verdades acessíveis à luz da razão. Nesse sentido, pretende-se mostrar que a dúvida cética desempenha, na economia das Meditações, uma função muito mais positiva, construtiva, do que propriamente negativa, de instauração do ceticismo filosófico acerca do mundo exterior, tal como ela tem sido freqüentemente representada nos debates epistemológicos contemporâneos. A estratégia que permitiu tal leitura consistiu em valorizar o aparecimento das dúvidas céticas no interior de um texto escrito em estilo meditativo e em destacar certos elementos das circunstâncias intelectuais que envolveram a revolução científica vivenciada por Descartes.
Fazedores-de-verdade
Authors: Azambuja Rodrigues Filho Abílio
Published: September 2014

O objetivo do texto é apresentar um panorama da atual discussão sobre fazedoresde-verdade. Será dada ênfase na caracterização da relação de fazer-verdadeiro e no problemados fazedores-de-verdade de proposições universais e negações.
Conhecimento, Verdade e Significado
Authors: Machado Alexandre N.
Published: September 2014

O que se segue tem como objetivo expor um argumento de Wittgenstein contrauma versão do realismo filosófico, o realismo forte sobre a verdade. O argumento deWittgenstein tem a forma geral de um modus tollens, cuja premissa condicional diz que orealismo forte sobre a verdade implica a hipótese do erro maciço. A negação do conseqüenteestá baseada na incompatibilidade entre a hipótese do erro maciço e a normatividadeessencial da linguagem. Mas o argumento de Wittgenstein é compatível com umaversão fraca do realismo sobre a verdade. Na última secção eu examino o argumento deStroud contra a tese suposta por Austin no seu argumento contra o ceticismo segundo aqual verdades sobre o modo de uso de “conhecimento” (e expressões correlatas) implicamverdades sobre o conhecimento. Procuro mostrar que o argumento de Stroud pressupõe aforma de realismo que alvo do argumento de Wittgenstein.
Las limitaciones de la matriz hobbesiana en la actualidad política
Authors: Flax Javier
Published: September 2014

En el presente artículo hacemos converger dos problemáticas de raigambrehobbesiana, a saber, lo que denominamos “matriz hobbesiana” de la cultura políticacontemporánea y el enfoque “decisionista” del orden. Esta matriz tiene algunos supuestosfuertes como la concepción antropológica del homo economicus y a la “competición” comoúnica alternativa plausible frente a las situaciones de escasez. Asimismo, la excepcionalidaddejó de ser solamente un emergente del desorden político para transformarse en unatécnica de dominación que permite justificar la concentración del poder dentro del Estadode derecho, para eludir a los controles democráticos.Luego del despliegue del marco conceptual, se analizará el caso de la pseudo entrevista aljefe narco Marcola que inventara Arnaldo Jabor. A partir de un análisis muy sucinto delorden internacional actual se problematizar la perspectiva hobbesiana para la solución delos asuntos políticos actuales.
Democracia, direito e poder comunicativo: Arendt contra Marx
Authors: Frateschi Yara
Published: September 2014

Intérpretes importantes costumam enfatizar o diálogo de Arendt com Heideggerquando buscam as fontes do pensamento político arendtiano. Sem recusar a relevânciade Heidegger, a tese central da minha interpretação é a de que Arendt formula eresponde a pergunta basilar da sua filosofia política dialogando, sobretudo, com Marx.Este artigo pretende apontar para o fato de que é recusando a teoria das classes e seusdesdobramentos na utopia marxiana que ela formula a noção de natalidade, na qualfundamenta a pluralidade humana. E que é recusando a definição de homem comoanimal laborans que ela encontra a especificidade do homem na sua capacidade para aação e comunicação.
"A Ebulição na Massa d'Água" ou a linguagem segundo Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Cardim Leandro Neves
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho investiga alguns desdobramentos das relações entre a linguagem criadora e a linguagem sedimentada na obra de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Trata-se de avaliar as diferentes posições adotadas pelo filósofo a propósito desta relação utilizando como fio condutor a imagem do líquido em ebulição. A força heurística desta imagem nos ajudará, por um lado, a compreender os diferentes pontos de vista utilizados para interpretar o fenômeno da linguagem; por outro, servirá como índice para acompanharmos a retificação e o aprofundamento interno desta filosofia.
Carbone, M. La chair des images: Merleau- Ponty entre peinture et cinéma. Paris: Vrin, coll. Matière Etrangère, 2011.
Authors: Larison Mariana
Published: September 2014

Resenha.
Nada Vendo no Escuro, Nada Ouvindo no Silêncio
Authors: Abath André Joffily
Published: September 2014

Podemos ver na ausência de luz, e ouvir na ausência de som? Em seu livro Seeing Dark Things: The Philosophy of Shadows (2008), Roy Sorensen defende que sim, que podemos ver a escuridão na ausência de luz, e ouvir o silêncio na ausência de som. Neste artigo, defendo que na escuridão nada vemos, no silêncio nada ouvimos, e que experienciar a ausência de luz e som é uma questão afetiva, e não perceptual.
História sem Redenção: a oposição a Bossuet e a gênese da filosofia da história voltairiana
Authors: Menezes Edmilson
Published: September 2014

presente trabalho busca explicitar alguns elementos da concepção voltairiana da história (e do historiador). A intenção não é a de inventariar, segundo uma ordem cronológica, a formação de uma filosofia da história em Voltaire, mas tão somente apresentar uma face dessa gênese, a saber, a crítica à teologia da história, que se encontra embasando aquele ponto de vista.  Não há dúvida de que o erro faz parte do homem. Assim como a superstição, o fanatismo, o ódio, o crime, a guerra e todos os demais efeitos do erro. No entanto, à força de destruir o erro, a verdade foi cultivada. Com efeito, o combate ao erro é um impulsionador dos homens e semelhante guerra se passa na história: a história dos progressos do espírito. Não há uma condenação perpétua do homem à ignorância e, por isso mesmo, não faz sentido conceber a história a partir de uma redenção, que indica à humanidade sua incapacidade de encontrar, por si mesma, os caminhos da superação de seus erros. Uma história sem redenção; estamos diante de uma das ambições mais importantes do pensamento voltairiano. Com ela nasce o desejo de eliminar o miraculoso, o misterioso que envolve o entendimento da história, retirando-lhe a crença ingênua no fantástico, por um lado, e a névoa espessa que a culpa e a criminalidade original lhe impuseram, por outro.
Parameterization of training images for aquifer 3‐D facies modeling integrating geological interpretations and statistical inference
Authors: Jha Sanjeev Kumar , Comunian Alessandro , Mariethoz Gregoire , Kelly Bryce F. J.
Published: September 2014

We develop a stochastic approach to construct channelized 3‐D geological models constrained to borehole measurements as well as geological interpretation. The methodology is based on simple 2‐D geologist‐provided sketches of fluvial depositional elements, which are extruded in the 3rd dimension. Multiple‐point geostatistics (MPS) is used to impair horizontal variability to the structures by introducing geometrical transformation parameters. The sketches provided by the geologist are used as elementary training images, whose statistical information is expanded through randomized transformations. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach by applying it to modeling a fluvial valley filling sequence in the Maules Creek catchment, Australia. The facies models are constrained to borehole logs, spatial information borrowed from an analogue and local orientations derived from the present‐day stream networks. The connectivity in the 3‐D facies models is evaluated using statistical measures and transport simulations. Comparison with a statistically equivalent variogram‐based model shows that our approach is more suited for building 3‐D facies models that contain structures specific to the channelized environment and which have a significant influence on the transport processes.
Pattern and evolution of seismo‐ionospheric disturbances following the 2011 Tohoku earthquakes from GPS observations
Authors: Jin Shuanggen , Jin Rui , Li J. H.
Published: September 2014

Global Positioning System (GPS) has been widely used to sense crustal deformation and ionospheric anomalies, particularly seismic ionospheric disturbances. In March 2011, the earthquakes with magnitude of up to Mw = 9 occurred in Tohoku near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. The GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET) in Japan with more than 1200 continuously operating stations provides a unique opportunity to study the detailed seismic ionospheric disturbances. In this paper, the pattern and evolution of seismic ionospheric disturbances following the Tohoku earthquakes are investigated by dense GEONET data, including amplitude, propagation pattern, direction, speed, and evolution. Maximal coseismic ionospheric disturbances are found with up to more than 4 TECU, and the disturbance period is around 10–20 min. The seismic ionospheric effects following the aftershocks are attenuated with the increase of the time and distance between the ionospheric pierce point and the epicenter of the main event, which last more than 2 h. Seismic ionospheric disturbance detected by GPS measurement is not only related to the main shock but also the giant aftershocks. Propagation velocities of the total electron content (TEC) disturbance show a decrease when it spreads 400–600 km away from the epicenter in the north‐western direction, where it is just near the west coast of Japan. Furthermore, the TEC disturbance also has obvious directional features. In the first half hour, the TEC disturbance in the southeast direction has the biggest amplitude, while the dominant direction is changed to northwest tens of minutes later. In addition, signals with higher frequencies are existed in seismic TEC variation at the epicenter region but do not appear in the far field.
Temporal variations of atmospheric water vapor δD and δ18O above an arid artificial oasis cropland in the Heihe River Basin
Authors: Huang Lvjun , Wen Xuefa
Published: September 2014

The high temporal resolution measurements of δD, δ18O, and deuterium excess (d) of atmospheric water vapor provide an improved understanding of atmospheric and ecohydrological processes at ecosystem to global scales. In this study, δD, δ18O, and d of water vapor and their flux ratios were continuously measured from May to September 2012 using an in situ technique above an arid artificial oasis in the Heihe River Basin, which has a typical continental arid climate. The monthly δD and δ18O increased slowly and then decreased, whereas the monthly d showed a steady decrease. δD, δ18O, and d exhibited a marked diurnal cycle, indicating the influence of the entrainment, local evapotranspiration (ET), and dewfall. The departures of δD, δ18O, and d from equilibrium prediction were significantly correlated with rain amount, relative humidity (RH), and air temperature (T). The “amount effect” was observed during one precipitation event. δD and δ18O were log linear dependent on water vapor mixing ratio with respective R2 of 17% and 14%, whereas d was significantly correlated with local RH and T, suggesting the less influence of air mass advection and more important contribution of the local source of moisture to atmospheric water vapor. Throughout the experiment, the local ET acted to increase δD and δ18O, with isofluxes of 102.5 and 23.50 mmol m−2 s−1‰, respectively. However, the dominated effect of entrainment still decreased δD and δ18O by 10.1 and 2.24‰, respectively. Both of the local ET and entrainment exerted a positive forcing on the diurnal variability in d.
Sr‐Nd isotope composition and clay mineral assemblages in eolian dust from the central Philippine Sea over the last 600 kyr: Implications for the transport mechanism of Asian dust
Authors: Seo Inah , Lee Yong Il , Yoo Chan Min , Kim Hyung Jeek , Hyeong Kiseong
Published: September 2014

Dust transport to the tropical/subtropical northwestern Pacific over the past 600 kyr was investigated using radiogenic isotopes (87Sr/86Sr and εNd), together with the clay mineral composition, of eolian dust preserved in a sediment core obtained from the Philippine Sea (12°30′N, 134°60′E). These data revealed the influence of two prevailing dust sources, namely, the Asian deserts and nearby volcanic arcs (e.g., the Luzon Arc), with average contributions of around 70% and 30%, respectively, from each. The clay mineral composition of the core resembled dust from the central Asian deserts (CADs; e.g., the Taklimakan Desert) as in the north‐central Pacific, but published aerosol data collected near the study site during winter/spring have the mineralogical signature of dust originating from the East Asian deserts (EADs). These data indicate that the relative contribution of EAD dust increases with the northeasterly surface winds associated with the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) during winter/spring, but the Prevailing Westerlies and Trade Winds that carry dust from the CADs is the dominant transport agent in the overall dust budget of the study site. The results of this study contradict the prevailing view that direct dust transport by the EAWM winds in spring dominates the annual flux of eolian dust in the northwest Pacific.
Progress toward forecasting of space weather effects on UHF SATCOM after Operation Anaconda
Authors: Kelly Michael A. , Comberiate Joseph M. , Miller Ethan S. , Paxton Larry J.
Published: September 2014

Space weather impacts on communications are often presented as a raison d'etre for studying space weather (e.g., Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society, 2013). Here we consider a communications outage during Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan that may have been related to ionospheric disturbances. Early military operations occurred during the peak of solar cycle 23 when ionospheric variability was enhanced. During Operation Anaconda, the Battle of Takur Ghar occurred at the summit of a 3191 m Afghan mountaintop on 4 March 2002 when the ionosphere was disturbed and could have affected UHF Satellite Communications (SATCOM). In this paper, we consider UHF SATCOM outages that occurred during repeated attempts to notify a Quick Reaction Force (QRF) on board an MH‐47H Chinook to avoid a “hot” landing zone at the top of Takur Ghar. During a subsequent analysis of Operation Anaconda, these outages were attributed to poor performance of the UHF radios on the helicopters and to blockage by terrain. However, it is also possible that ionospheric anomalies together with multipath effects could have combined to decrease the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the communication links used by the QRF. A forensics study of Takur Ghar with data from the Global Ultraviolet Imager on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics mission showed the presence of ionospheric bubbles (regions of depleted electron density) along the line of sight between the Chinook and the UHF communications satellites in geostationary orbit that could have impacted communications. The events of 4 March 2002 motivated us to develop the Mesoscale Ionospheric Simulation Testbed model, which can be used to improve warnings of potential UHF outages during future military operations.
A hiddenMarkov model combined with climate indices for multidecadal streamflow simulation
Authors: Bracken C. , Rajagopalan B. , Zagona E.
Published: September 2014

Hydroclimate time series often exhibit very low year‐to‐year autocorrelation while showing prolonged wet and dry epochs reminiscent of regime‐shifting behavior. Traditional stochastic time series models cannot capture the regime‐shifting features thereby misrepresenting the risk of prolonged wet and dry periods, consequently impacting management and planning efforts. Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) annual flow series highlights this clearly. To address this, a simulation framework is developed using a hidden Markov (HM) model in combination with large‐scale climate indices that drive multidecadal variability. We demonstrate this on the UCRB flows and show that the simulations are able to capture the regime features by reproducing the multidecadal spectral features present in the data where a basic HM model without climate information cannot.
Pore‐by‐pore capillary pressure measurements using X‐ray microtomography at reservoir conditions: Curvature, snap‐off, and remobilization of residual CO2
Authors: Andrew Matthew , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J.
Published: September 2014

X‐ray microtomography was used to image the shape and size of residual ganglia of supercritical CO2 at resolutions of 3.5 and 2 μm and at representative subsurface conditions of temperature and pressure. The capillary pressure for each ganglion was found by measuring the curvature of the CO2‐brine interface, while the pore structure was parameterized using distance maps of the pore space. The formation of the residual clusters by snap‐off was examined by comparing the ganglion capillary pressure to local pore topography. The capillary pressure was found to be inversely proportional to the radius of the largest restriction (throat) surrounding the ganglion, which validates the imbibition mechanisms used in pore‐network modeling. The potential mobilization of residual ganglia was assessed using a reformulation of both the capillary (Ncmacro) and Bond numbers (Nbmacro), rigorously based on a balance of pore‐scale forces, with the majority of ganglia remobilized at Ncmacro around 1. Buoyancy forces were found to be small in this system (Nbmacro << 1), meaning the gravitational remobilization of CO2 after residual trapping would be extremely difficult.
Conceptualizing Transitions to Adulthood
Authors: Wyn Johanna
Published: September 2014

This chapter provides an overview of theories of the transition to young adulthood. It sets out the argument for conceptual renewal and discusses some implications of new patterns of transition for adult education.
Culture, Conditions, and the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Drayton Brendaly
Published: September 2014

This chapter discusses the influence of cultural identity and social conditions on the transition to adulthood in a stratified, multicultural context.
Vulnerable Youth and Transitions to Adulthood
Authors: Xie Rongbing , Sen Bisakha (Pia) , Foster E. Michael
Published: September 2014

This chapter focuses on vulnerable youth, the challenges they face during their transitions to adulthood, and the adverse effects of limited support systems on those transitions. The authors offer recommendations on how adult educators can help facilitate smooth transitions into adulthood for vulnerable youth.
Youths Transitioning as Adult Learners
Authors: Davis C. Amelia
Published: September 2014

This chapter considers how transitions to adulthood have been historically represented and presents alternative ways of thinking about transitions to adulthood through the context of adult basic education programs.