bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onicomicosis por hongos negros: onicopatía con características especiales
Authors: Antúnez Oliva José Alberto , Montero Brenes Franciny , Pabón Páramo Carlos Andrés
Published: April 2020

La onicomicosis por hongos negros, tambien conocida como feohifomicosis del aparato ungueal, forma parte de la afección llamada melanoniquia fúngica, la cual se conoce desde hace varios años. Los agentes etiológicos de esta infección son los hongos negros o demateáceos, los cuales actúan usualmente como patógenos oportunistas causando invasión e infección, cuando existe un factor predisponente en el huésped. Presentan una distribución universal y son endémicos en varios países, pudiendo encontrase en distintos climas y ecosistemas. Este tipo de hongos presenta factores de patogenicidad específicos que les facilita desarrollarse en el huésped que infectan. Los pacientes afectados pueden tener un espectro variable en la presentación clinica de la patología ungueal, el cual es importante conocer para que se realice un adecuado diagnóstico diferencial con otras patologías tanto benignas como malignas. Actualmente, para el diagnóstico de este tipo de onicomicosis se requiere de observación microscópica directa, cultivos en medios no convencionales y sobre todo una alta sospecha clínica. Con respecto a la terapia antifúngica, se sabe que es excepcionalmente difícil y que tienen poca respuesta a los medicamentos que se usan hoy en día.
KAPİTALİZMİN İÇ YÜZÜ
Authors: AKYILDIRIM Erol
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada yer kürede doğal kaynaklar üzerinde önemli ölçüde baskı oluşturan
kapitalistlere karşı toplumda çevre bilinci oluşturmak adına çeşitli
kavramlarla farkındalık uyandırmak ve kapitalizmin yapısının, iç yüzünün ne
olduğunu üzerinde durulmuştur. Kapitalist sistemin doğasının hırslı ve dengesiz
olduğu yönüne dikkat çekilmiştir. Değerlerin dejenere olmasıyla kapitalizmin
durdurulamaz bir hale geldiğini, burada kültürel değerlerin önemi azalmıştır.
İnsan tabiatının hem fen ilimlerine hem de kültürel değer yüklü ilimlerle
büyüyeceği realitesine parmak basılmıştır. Kapitalistler tarafından yapılan
üretimin, dünya popülasyonuna eşit bir dağılımın yapılmadığı hususuna açıklık getirilmiştir.
Toplumda ‘sınırsız özgürlük’ gibi düşüncelerin sonucunda bozulan bir düzenin
olabileceği… Sınırsız istek ve arzuların olduğu bir dünyada sınırlı doğal
kaynaklarla olamayacağından kapitalizmin hızını düşürmesi gerektiğini… Bu
sistemin, beşerin hırsını tahrik etmesiyle tabiata aykırı davrandığı gibi
düşüncelerle irdelenmiştir. Toplumsal hareketler aslında kapitalizmin şiddetli
hırsının ve dehşetli talebine olan isteğine karşı bir tepki mahiyetindedir.
İnsanın tabiatı ve doğası medeni olmasından, her daim kapitalizm gibi doymak
bilmeyen yapıları reddedecektir. Sonuç olarak maddeleşen 21. yüzyıl dünyasında
materyalistlerin görünmeyen yönü üzerinde durularak, çevreye yönelik olumsuz
etkilerine vurgu yapılmıştır. İstek ve arzuların şiddetle tahrik edildiği bir
dönemde beşeriyet hızlı bir şekilde maddeci bir konuma gelmiştir. Gayrı
zarurinin zorla zaruret konumuna getirildiği bir dünyada, gelecek nesiller için
yeraltı kaynakların ne kadar uzun ömürlü olacağı gibi konular irdelenmiştir
LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YALNIZLIK DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİ EDEN DEĞİŞKENLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇAKICI Arzu
Published: April 2020

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, pansiyonda ve ailesinin yanında kalan lise öğrencilerinin
yalnızlık düzeylerini sosyo-demografik özellikler bakımından karşılaştırmaktır.
Araştırmaya Erzincan il merkezindeki üç farklı lise tipinde (toplam 12 lise) öğrenim
gören 761 (338 kız ve 423 erkek) öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada Bilgi Toplama
Formu ile UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Gruplar arası farklılığı
belirlemek için "t testi" ve "tek yönlü varyans analizi
(ANOVA)", varyans analizinde ise, gruplar arası farklılıkların kaynağını
belirlemek için karşılaştırma sonrası Scheffe Testi ile Dunnett’s C Testi
kullanılmıştır. Veriler α=0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde test edilmiştir. Araştırma
sonucunda pansiyonda kalan, meslek liselerinde öğrenim gören, anne-babası ayrı
yaşayan ve erkek olan öğrencilerde yalnızlık düzeyi yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca
annesinin okuma–yazması olmayan öğrencilerle annesi sadece okuma yazma-bilen
öğrencilerin yalnızlıklarını algılama düzeyleri, annesi üniversite mezunu olan
öğrencilerden daha yüksek bulunurken; babası ortaokul mezunu olan öğrencilerin
yalnızlık düzeyini algılamaları, babası üniversite mezunu olan
öğrencilerinkinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ailesinin gelir düzeyi çok düşük
olan öğrencilerin yalnızlıklarını algılama düzeyleri ise, ailesinin gelir
düzeyleri orta ile yüksek -çok yüksek olan öğrencilerinkinden daha yüksek
bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları, olumsuz demografik özellikler taşıyan
öğrencilerin yalnızlık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde
edilen bulgular ışığında yurtta ve ailesinin yanında kalan lise öğrencilerinin
yalnızlık durum düzeyleri başka araştırma ve uygulamalara da yol göstermesi
bakımından tartışılmıştır.
TÜRKİYE VE AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ 5. SINIF MATEMATİK DERS KİTABI ÖRNEKLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: YAĞAN Saadet Aylin
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) kullanılan 5. sınıf matematik ders kitaplarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Karşılaştırma sonunda Türkiye’deki ders kitabının üstün ve eksik yönlerinin belirlenmesi ve kitapların iyileştirilmesine katkı sunulması hedeflenmiştir. Belirlenen hedefe uygun olarak çalışmada karşılaştırmalı eğitim yöntemi kullanılmış ve veri toplama tekniği olarak doküman analizi seçilmiştir. Karşılaştırma bulgularını somutlaştırmak için iki kitaptan örnek sayfalar sunulmuştur. Kitaplar; teknik tasarım ve düzenleme, içerik ve kazanımlar, öğretme ve öğrenme süreci ile ölçme ve değerlendirme temaları altında incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ABD’de kullanılan ders kitabında profesyonel bir teknik tasarım, farklı ve ilgi çekici öğretme-öğrenme etkinlikleri, doyurucu ölçme ve değerlendirme etkinlikleri göze çarpmaktadır. Konu anlatımında tanımlara yer verilmemesi, kavram ve terimlerin açıklanmaması bir eksikliktir. Türkiye’deki ders kitaplarının öğretme ve öğrenme ilkeleri açısından önemli gelişme kaydettiği söylenebilir. Ancak, konu anlatımı, öğrenci seviyesine uygunluk, görsellerin kullanımı, yönlendirme ve ipucu açısından halen yapılacaklar vardır. Problem çözme bölümlerinde, ipuçlarıyla sonuca ulaştırma yerine çözümler doğrudan verilmiştir. Matematiği somutlaştırma ve gerçek hayatla bağlantı kurma zayıftır. Gerçek hayat bağlantıları metinlerle kurulmaya çalışılmıştır ancak metinler öğrenci seviyesi ve ilgisine göre hazırlanmamıştır. Diğer ders ve disiplinlere atıfta bulunulmamıştır. Kitaptaki görsellerin daha etkili hale getirilmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Ölçme değerlendirme etkinliklerindeki en önemli eksiklik, sorularda hangi tür becerilerin ölçüldüğünün bilinmemesidir. Ayrıca okuma parçaları sorularla ilişkilendirilmemiştir.
The Search for a Future Global Human Rights Agenda
Authors: Herrmann Peter
Published: April 2020

Human rights debates seem to be a little bit in a dead end: on the one hand, taken for granted is defined diffusion of human rights; on the other there seems to be in permanent confrontation two incompatible positions, each of them suggesting the other side is in breach of the rules. One is the position that emphasizes the societal dimension of rights; on the other camp, we find those striving for what may be seen as a civic liberty interpretation This article shows that both positions miss a crucial challenge: both human rights theory and practice must be refocused and consider human rights as part of the process of society building, maintenance, and change.
Perspectives and needs of Ukrainian universities’ development in the context of European integration
Authors: Kalashnikova S.
Published: April 2020

This publication has resulted from a nation-wide survey held among Ukrainian universities in 2019 with the purpose to identify priorities and needs in their institutional development and academic communities’ enhancement. The survey focused on higher education internationalization, professional development of academic staff, quality of higher education, university governance and financial autonomy.
Recruiting a Scientific Enigma: Ramsay Wright at the University of Toronto and its Reconstituted Medical School, 1874 – 1912
Authors: Court John P. M.
Published: April 2020

Ramsay Wright was appointed in 1874 to the University of Toronto’s Chair in Natural History through an advertised competition designed to replace patronage with adjudicating candidates on merit. An absence of transparency and inconsistencies in the outcome, however, provoke doubts that the process was pursued fairly to acquire the most qualified candidate. Premier Mowat passed over eminently-qualified Canadians for this inexperienced Edinburgh lab tutor. The Darwinian orientation of his education together with training in the German scientific research methods, although sub rosa criteria because of their political contentiousness, appear to have been decisive for Wright’s selection. From archival evidence this study contrasts the recently-enacted protocol for fair, objective faculty recruitment with the shadowy process through which Wright was chosen. Once installed, with sparkling lecturing skills and the benefit of mentoring, Wright sidestepped his modest research output to progress in administration. Passed over for Toronto’s presidency, he diverged to embrace a later-discredited aspect of evolution, advocating publicly for human eugenics. Wright retired to Oxford in 1912, after which the more engaging aspects of his persona were periodically burnished for the university’s commemorative contexts.

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Ramsay Wright fut nommé titulaire de la chaire d’histoire naturelle de l’Université de Toronto en 1874, lors d’un concours public conçu pour remplacer le favoritisme par un processus de sélection basé sur les mérites des candidats. Cependant l’absence de transparence et des incohérences dans le résultat mirent en doute l’impartialité du processus de sélection. Le premier ministre Mowat préféra ce chargé de travaux pratiques inexpérimenté d’Édimbourg à des Canadiens éminemment qualifiés. L’orientation darwinienne de l’éducation de Wright et sa formation dans les méthodes de recherches scientifiques allemandes, bien qu’il s’agisse de critères confidentiels en raison de leurs caractères controversés, semblent avoir joué un rôle décisif dans le choix de Mowat. À partir de documents d’archives, cette étude oppose le nouveau protocole mis en place pour assurer un recrutement juste et objectif à l’obscur processus par lequel Wright fut sélectionné. Une fois installé, celui-ci se révéla un conférencier brillant et il compensa son modeste rendement de chercheur en progressant dans l’administration.
"Under moral obligation to stay:" Herbert R. Christie and the Origins of Forestry Education at the University of British Columbia, 1910-1933
Authors: Kuhlberg Mark
Published: April 2020

Judging from the contrasting state of affairs at the forestry schools at the University of Toronto and the University of British Columbia, it is difficult to believe the situation that prevailed roughly eight decades ago. Today, UBC’s program is thriving whereas the forestry school at the University of Toronto is but a shadow of its former self. Exactly the opposite was true in the early twentieth century. Ironically, forestry education at UBC owes its existence to the profound commitment that Herbert Read Christie, a graduate of Toronto’s Faculty, showed to it in the years after the First World War. This article explores Christie’s role in building the UBC forestry school, and sheds light on the development of forestry as an academic discipline in Canada.

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En regard de l’évolution académique des écoles de foresterie de l’Université de Toronto et de l’Université de Colombie Britannique (UBC), il est difficile d’imaginer la situation qui existait il y a environ quatre-vingts ans. Alors que de nos jours, le programme de UBC s’avère florissant, les études en foresterie de l’Université de Toronto font piètre figure en comparaison de ce qu’elles étaient au début du XXe siècle où l’inverse prévalait. Il est ironique de souligner que le programme de foresterie développé à UBC, peu après la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, est l’oeuvre de Herbert Read Christie, un diplômé de l’Université de Toronto en ce domaine. Cet article explore le rôle marquant joué par Christie dans l’implantation de cette école et de l’essor académique de cette discipline au Canada.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE DIREITO E TECNOLOGIA NO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Martinez Vinício Carrilho , Scherch Vinícius Alves
Published: April 2020

Situado no campo da Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade e do Direito, o objetivo geral do texto é aventar um novo índice de poder, na base material tecnológica desenvolvida com o incremento da Inteligência Artificial (IA). O texto propicia a discussão sobre Direito e tecnologia enquanto imbricados e a necessidade de funções emancipatórias no manejo da Inteligência Artificial (IA), sob pena de tornar-se em atualização do totalitarismo. Pelo método hipotético dedutivo são trabalhadas conjunturas e pelo levantamento bibliográfico é possível concluir que o distanciamento dos aspectos humanistas pode levar ao manejo da tecnologia com fins deletérios.
A Different Kind of “Scripture”: Women’s Access to Religious Knowledge Without the Written Word
Authors: Droeber Julia
Published: April 2020

Kyrgyzstan in 2004. My hostmother Nurgul and her best friend Ainura decided to show me an important site just outside the village. Together with my two hostsisters, nine and fourteen years old, we set off and twenty minutes later we arrived at an overgrown site: a field, the size of a football pitch, surrounded by what could havebeen the overgrown remainder of ruined walls. It was an awe-inspiring sight – the snowcapped Altai-mountains in the background, lush vegetation around us, an azure sky above, and not a sound to be heard. This was, my hostmother explained, the place where Manas, the Kyrgyz national hero, had built a fortress, and it was a sacred site. We circumambulated the site while listening to more stories about Kyrgyzstan’s hero of a thousand years ago. Then, just before we turned to walk home, my hostmother suggested to her friend to “read the Qur’an”. We squatted down in that typically Central Asian way and fell silent. Then Ainura cupped her hands in her lap and began to “read the Qur’an”. Only there was no Qur’an. And her recitation was in an Arabic I could not even remotely recognise. We finished our prayer with the “omeen”3 gesture and made our way home.
Experiencing the Divine Word: A Women’s Spiritual Gathering in Beirut
Authors: Weinrich Ines
Published: April 2020

Fifteen-to-thirty women come together on a weekly basis in a Sunni neighbourhood in Beirut to practice the dhikr.Dhikr, the remembrance of God, is a central rite of mystical Islam. Trimingham (1998) describes the practitioner of mystical Islam as: “... anyone who believes that it is possible to have direct experience of God and who is prepared to go out of his way to put himself in a state whereby he may be enabled to do this” (p. 1). Most mystics trace dhikr back to the qur’anic injunction “… remember God frequently and glorify Him morning and evening” (33: 41). The performance of dhikr varies according to the rules of the different mystical orders and local practices. It mostly includes the invocation of God by the repetition of his names, control of breath, bodily movements, often also chanting and the employment of musical instruments.
Sacred Women in Coptic Cinema: Between Faith and Resistance
Authors: Galal Lise Paulse
Published: April 2020

The present religious revival in the Arab world has not only initiated new politics or individual devotedness and piety, but has also resulted in a rise of mediated religious memories. Hence, as a promoter of a community revival, the Egyptian Coptic Orthodox Church has disseminated narratives about the Coptic saints to the members of the church. During my fieldwork among the Copts in Egypt in the nineties, I was continuously presented with these saint stories without really taking notice. But, as the storytellers seemed to insist on being heard, I started listening. Meanwhile, I had become aware of the Coptic cinema which since 1987 till today has produced and distributed more than thirty screen versions (in Arabic) about the life stories of sacred figures of the Coptic Church.
National Self in the Work of Palestinian Female Artists
Authors: Abdu Janan
Published: April 2020

This article cites select works by Palestinian female artists, with a focus on the works of female artists from the 1948 Palestinians territories1 who were born there after the Nakba. These works revolve around the search for Palestinian selfhood and the feminist identity of woman, with emphasis on the former. I chose to concentrate on this group in particular because while they are Palestinian, in being forcibly made Israeli citizens, they were cut off and barred from communication with the rest of the Arab world. Since 1948, despite the proximity of Haifa to Beirut, it has been impossible for the Palestinians of 1948 to visit Beirut due to the existence of the state of Israel.
Gender-Based Violence Awareness Campaign
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: April 2020

The Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) in collaboration with KAFA (“Enough Violence and Exploitation”), an organization that works on combating violence and exploitation of women and children, organized a consciousness-raising event from November 3-5, 2008. This event was part of the 16-day activism campaign against gender-based violence KAFA launched to mobilize the youth and general public to support efforts to combat domestic violence.
Women in the Performing Arts
Authors: Knio Mona
Published: April 2020

Performance is a process-oriented tool which improves our sensuous, intellectual, social, and aesthetic appreciation of life and the world we live in. A performer is a doer whose action is carried out in a space shared with a public. The visible image of a performer contradicts the stereotypical image of the passive female in Arab societies. What is more inconsistent is the presence of the female performer as an economic player in contemporary Arab societies. She does not live on the margin of society but is a professional, an evident contributor to the cultural scene, and above all has been instigating change in her community by expanding the horizons of her gender and certainly exercising power. Scheherazade’s bedtime stories proved to be a stratagem to change her fate and that of her sisters.
North Africa’s Performing Women: Notes from the Field
Authors: Box Laura Chakravarty
Published: April 2020

The post-independence years have been turbulent and fruitful for North African women in the performing arts: theater, cinema, dance, music, and art performance. In Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, the forces shaping the status of women are dynamic, unstable, productive, and in some cases, violent. They take place within larger, and equally volatile, discourses about the socio-political future of the three nation-states.This atmosphere has a profound effect on the women artists who must operate within it, or from its diaspora, as they agitate to have a voice in the future of the region. When we consider their work from a remove, it is easy to forget that, in addition to facing themselves the social and political issues about which they write, film, and perform, they, like artists everywhere, grapple with the petty politics of publishing, publicity, funding, public taste, and bureaucratic policy.
Stage Directors in the Rehearsal Room: Degendered Bodies in a Degendered Workplace
Authors: Assaf Sahar
Published: April 2020

The directing profession worldwide is a relatively new trend. Its current conceptualization is roughly a hundred years old. It started at the end of the nineteenth century with the advent of modern naturalism and then became a form of art at the beginning of the twentieth century, especially after the explosion of different directing practices and methods, namely methods advocated by Antonin Artaud, Constantine Stanislavski, and Bretolt Brecht, among others. Rehearsals, or the practice sessions in preparation for the performance, obtained a fundamental role in theater-making and the director was placed at the top of the theater hierarchy.
The Passport of the 21st Century
Authors: Berrou Farah
Published: April 2020

This is an exerpt from Farah Berrou’s visual culture final project research. Berrou graduated with a B.S. in Graphic Design from LAU in 2012. She is currently a junior designer at Leo Burnett.
A Celebration of Refugee Women in the Arab World
Authors: Ressler Anna Elyse
Published: April 2020

In our hurried world, we often prove to be poor listeners and shallow observers. This is certainly true of our understanding of the plight, aspirations, and contributions of refugee women living in our midst. Public discourse about refugee women is often limited to pity and sympathy. In reality they remain hidden in the shadows of society. Unless one is invited into the private sanctuaries of their confidence, built to preserve their safety, they appear faceless and the breadth of their reality remains unknown. This, in spite of their fundamental role in society and their importance in the construction of a holistic future.
Women in Lebanese Politics: Discourse and Action
Authors: Yessayan Patil , Khanafer, Sawsan , Murray Marie
Published: April 2020

Mary Turner Lane AwardThe Mary Turner Lane Award is a student paper competition established in honor of the late Mary Turner Lane, who founded the women’s studies program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The competition is open to any currently enrolled female LAU student. The award, consisting of $500 and a certificate, will go to the best research paper on women/gender studies or original piece of writing such as personal or argumentative essay, (possibly but not necessarily) completed as one of the requirements of a class taken at LAU (literature, language, social sciences, cultural studies, philosophy, education etc.). Below are the two winning papers (2012).
Word from the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Dabbous Dr. Dima
Published: April 2020

Once again, I have the great pleasure of introducing a major, new qualitative leap taken by al-raida. Exactly seven years ago, issue no. 118-119 (“Arab Women Writing in English”) came out, marking a new phase in the evolution of al-raida — an evolution which was then reflected in both content and form. The present issue, though similar in form, is a watershed in the steady, qualitative evolution of this publication, whose beginnings were closely connected with the establishment of the Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) in the early 1970s. From a humble, thin newsletter consisting of a dozen stenciled pages, with the modest and limited purpose of reporting on the activities of the Institute, al-raida has steadily developed into a double-blind, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journal whose objective is to spearhead quality scholarship on women rights and women issues in the Arab world.
A Commentary on Religion and Domestic Violence
Authors: Fortune Rev. Dr. Marie M. , Abugideiri Salma Elkadi , Dratch Rabbi Mark
Published: April 2020

Religion is a fact of life in the United States for the vast majority of people. Whether in childhood or adulthood, most people have had some association with a faith tradition.For some it has been positive; for others, negative. But many retain and rely on values and doctrines that they received within a faith community. Because of the extraordinary diversity within the United States, many different traditions exist among us: Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, Native Americans, and many varieties of Christians including Roman Catholics, Evangelicals, Mainline Protestants, Pentecostals, and so on.One chapter cannot do justice to the richness of these many traditions. Rather, here we provide a discussion of the basic understanding of the place of religion in addressing domestic violence, illustrated through three western religious traditions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
Domestic Violence in the African North
Authors: Sadiqi Fatima
Published: April 2020

Theories, debates, and activism on sexual health and rights have travelled withreasonable speed in North Africa in the past three decades or so and considerable headway has been achieved on this front (see Charrad, 2010; Sadiqi, 2008; Ennaji & Sadiqi, 2011). However, although related, questions of domestic violence, which may also include sexual assault and rape, have been rather side-lined theoretically, in spite of the fact that activism and legal reform remain strong in the region, and in spite of the fact that gender-based violence is considered essential to the most fundamental provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). This regression in theoretical work on domestic violence in the region resulted in lack of action on the part of policy-makers.
Women and Photography
Authors: Nachabe Taan Yasmine
Published: April 2020

This special issue of al-raida on Women and Photography addresses photography as a medium that challenges gender roles, positions, and attributes as seen in the mainstream media. It includes papers by contributors who examine the practice of women photographers in the Middle East as well as the different ways women are represented in photographs from a variety of perspectives that range from critical art disciplines to the social sciences.
Working with Men and Boys: A Strategic Choice in the MENA Region to End Gender-Based Violence
Authors: El-Sanousi Magda , Anani Ghida
Published: April 2020

Gender-based violence (GBV) is defined as violence that is directed against a person on the basis of gender or sex (UNFPA). It includes acts that inflict physical, mental, or sexual harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion, and deprivation of liberty. While women, men, boys, and girls can be victims/survivors of gender-based violence, women and girls are the main victims/survivors.
Women and Security: Findings from an Assessment on the Security Perceptions of Palestinian Women and Girls
Authors: Chaban Stephanie
Published: April 2020

Despite being uniquely affected by insecurity and violence in conflict-affected and post-conflict regions, the perspectives of women and girls are rarely brought into the security debate. The Palestinian Territories are no different. Yet, Palestinianwomen and girls have much to relay about the way conflict and insecurity impact their lives.
Salwa’s Guide to Fighting Sexual Harassment
Authors: Kobaissy Farah
Published: April 2020

The Adventures of Salwa Campaign was launched online by a group of young and independent feminists working on raising awareness about sexual harassment in Lebanon. Salwa is the young female mascot and the image of their anti-harassment campaign aimed at creating a society free harassment. This shortpersonal piece by Farah Kobaissy explains the reasons behind starting this campaign.
Technical Education and Vocational Training for Women: A case study of Yemen
Authors: Uhlenhaut Lara
Published: April 2020

Soaring population growth in Yemen has led to approximately 200,000 young people entering the labor market each year. Figures are outpacing labor demand, in a country where the deteriorating economy is leading to less job creation. The majority of youth in Yemen works mostly in the informal economy with no prospects of regular contracts, social security, or forms of insurance. The limited ability of the formal education system to prepare young people for the labor market is also leading to a chronic ‘skills shortage’ in Yemen.
Women in Power and Decision making Positions : Conditions and Restraints
Authors: Baydoun Azza Charara
Published: April 2020

Women today are considered to be outside the political and administrative power structures and their participation in the decision-making process is non-existent. As far as their participation in the political life is concerned they are still on the margins. The existence of patriarchal society in Lebanon as well as the absence of governmental policies and procedures that aim at helping women and enhancing their political participation has made it very difficult for women to be accepted as leaders and to be granted votes in elections (UNIFEM, 2002).This above quote is taken from a report that was prepared to assess the progress made regarding the status of Lebanese women both on the social and governmental levels in light of the Beijing Platform for Action – the name given to the provisions of the Fourth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The above quote describes the slow progress achieved by Lebanese women in view of the ambitious goal that requires that the proportion of women occupying administrative or political positions in Lebanon should reach 30 percent of thetotal by the year 2005!
Cross-dressing in Photographs of 1920s and 1930s Egypt, Palestine and Lebanon
Authors: Nachabe Taan Yasmine
Published: April 2020

This issue will not be complete without the eclectic representation of women in the following intriguing photographs that I found while looking for photographs for this issue. All nine photographs are part of the Arab Image Foundation, an inspiring archive of photographs from the Middle East and North Africa.
Between Patriarchy and Occupation: Rauda Morcos and Palestinian Lesbian Activism for Bodily Rights
Authors: Habib Samar , Moujaes Nayla
Published: April 2020

Rauda Morcos is a Palestinian activist who was publically outed in 2003 when Morcos agreed to be interviewed for Yediot Ahoronot. Although Morcos asked that her sexual orientation not be made a subject of or an issue in the article, the journalist referred to her as a “lesbian” in the story’s bold letter headline and included a large photograph of her. As a result, in the span of a few days there was literally no one among Israel’s Palestinian population who did not know who Morcos was or that she was a lesbian.
This Land is not My Land / My Hijab and I
Authors: (Reprinted with permission) Meem
Published: April 2020

This land is not my landI realized I was queer when I was in college in Jordan, despite its very conservative environment. I was always attracted to women, but my first experience was in college when I fell in love with a woman while dating a guy. My boyfriend at the time found out and it created tons of problems which escalated into police being involved. My Hijab and II have a problem. I’ve always worn the hijab in a funny way. I’ve been wearing it for over 10 years now. The other day, my mom said, “You’re never going to know how to wear the hijab properly!” I grew up in a Shiite Muslim community in the South. All the girls and women in my family and my community are veiled. We were taught that something was wrong with non-hijab girls – that something was missing in their lives. We couldn’t say they were slutty because they included our cousins.
An effective method for managing the production process of grapes using foliar nutrition in arid conditions of the North-Western Caspian
Authors: Polukhina Elena , Vlasenko M.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The research area is relevant due to the fact that in viticulture the use of new water-soluble complex fertilizers in chelated form is not yet widespread due to their insufficient knowledge. In this regard, it became necessary to determine their influence on the basic vital processes of grape plants in arid conditions. The purpose of the research is to identify the effect of foliar nutrition by “Plantafol” and “Boroplus” fertilizers on economically valuable grape indicators in the arid conditions of the North-Western Caspian during irrigation. Methods. Experience is two-factor. Factor A – varieties: Kodryanka (early ripe), Rizamat (mid-ripening), Moskovskiy (late ripening). Factor B: option 1 – control (water treatment); option 2 – “Plantafol;” option 3 – “Boroplus”; option 4 – “Plantafol” + “Boroplus”. The experience was laid and statistical data processing was carried out according to the method of B. A. Dospekhov. The counts and observations were carried out according to the method of M. A. Lazarevskiy. The mass fraction of sugars and titratable acidity in the juice of berries was found by the method of biochemical study of plants A. I. Ermakova. The content of vitamin C in grapes was determined by the guidelines for determining the quality of plant products. Results. The maximum yield increase for all varieties was provided by the combined use of “Plantafol” and “Boroplus” fertilizers. The variety Kodryanka has 6.6 t/ha for control. The variety Rizamat has 6.7 t/ha for control. Foliar top dressing contributed to a significant increase in the mass fraction of sugars in all varieties. The use of “Boroplus” in its pure form and together with “Plantafol” positively affected the vitamin C content in berries. The sugar acid index of the varieties “Rizamat” (29.8) and Moskovskiy (28.1) had optimal values for the variant without the use of fertilizers, and the varieties Kodryanka (25.3) – for the variant with their combined use.
Study of the effect of the drug “Primalact” on the organism and mammary gland of lactating cows
Authors: Bryukhova I. , Klimov N. , Khokhlova N. , Chaplygina Yu.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The problem of prevention and treatment of mammary gland diseases in cows does not lose its relevance at the present time. Therefore, the veterinary pharmacologists face the task of developing new drugs to combat mastitis, which have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and minimal side effects. The propose of the study was to assess the effect of the complex antibacterial drug “Primalact” on the clinical status, morphological and biochemical blood indicators of lactating cows and the detection of irritating effect on the mammary gland tissue. Methodology and methods. After intracisternal administration of “Primalact” at therapeutic (5 ml) and three-fold therapeutic (15 ml) doses, the general clinical condition of the animals and the state of the mammary gland tissues were analyzed, the change in the qualitative indicators of the udder secretion by the content of somatic cells and in the reaction with Masttest was evaluated. The results obtained during the experiment were statistically processed. Results. Examination data showed the absence of significant changes in the clinical condition of experimental animals and mammary gland tissue 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the use of “Primalact”. The results of blood morpho-biochemical analysis indicate the absence of significant changes in 72 hours. The reaction of the udder secretion with Masttest and the analysis of the content of somatic cells in milk of animals of both groups revealed the presence of a slightly irritating effect in the studied drug, terminating to 72 hours after application. According to the data of R. Miller (1977), drugs for intracisternal administration, which cause slight irritation of mammary gland tissue for a period of not more than 96 hours, are suitable for the treatment of mastitis in cows.
Productivity and composition of maize biomass in the central agroclimatic region of the Komi Republic
Authors: Tabalenkova G. , DYMOVA O. , GOLOVKO T.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In the Komi Republic agricultural production and crops are characterized by low heat availability, short growing season, poor and acidic soil. This determines the selection of cultivated plants. In order to develop and increase the efficiency of northern crop production, expanding the range of cultivated crops through new varieties and hybrids adapted to cold climates is a priority. Over the past twenty years in the central agroclimatic region of the Komi Republic the period with temperatures above 10 °C has increased from 88 to 95 days, and the sum of active temperatures has increased from 1400 to 1560 °C. This allows to expand the range of cultivated fodder crops, including new varieties of corn. Studies on the possibility of growing of maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) in the central agro-climatic region of the Komi Republic were carried out. The subject of this study was the modern maize cultivar, Dork, an early three-line hybrid characterized by rapid growth, cold and drought resistance in the initial stages of development. Zea mays plants were grown in a field on an area of 100 m2 near Syktyvkar (61.67 N, 50.76 E). Seeds of Zea mays were sown late, June 20, due to cold and raw weather in May – first decade of June. At a sum of effective temperatures of less than 1800 °C the Dorka cultivar formed 564 c/ha of green (fresh) mass and 106 c/ha of dry mass. In dry biomass the content of soluble sugars consist of 200 g/kg, carotenoids was 140 g/kg, amino acids – 52 g/kg, among them essential amino acids – 18.7 g/kg. The biomass of maize cultivar, Dorka, is rich in calcium and magnesium. Thus, in terms of crop productivity and nutritional value of biomass, the maize cultivar, Dorka, is promising for cultivation in the central and southern agro-climatic regions of the Komi Republic. It is suitable for use as green feed and silting.
Liderazgo y desempeño en la universidad
Authors: Cerdá Suárez Luis Manuel , Francisco Ramos Casimiro
Published: April 2020

En los últimos años se asiste a un creciente interés por evaluar la calidad de la Enseñanza Superior, como elemento central del nuevo marco educativo. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances producidos recientemente en la docencia universitaria, orientados hacia un aprendizaje autónomo del estudiante, aún es frecuente encontrar estilos de enseñanza en los que el profesor es el responsable principal del buen desempeño de la clase.

Este trabajo ofrece una herramienta para evaluar la aplicación por el profesor de distintos estilos de liderazgo en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Su principal contribución consiste en avanzar hacia la puesta en práctica de un modelo de gestión en el aula, que supere las limitaciones de las técnicas tradicionales basadas en la clase magistral, y que se ha aplicado en el ámbito de un Convenio Internacional de cooperación científica y técnica, en Universidades de dos países.
Promotio Iustitiae nº 106 (2011/2)
Authors: Sobre Ecología Grupo de Trabajo
Published: April 2020

El Grupo de Trabajo que ha elaborado el presente documento ha tratado de valorar la situación ecológica del mundo de una forma global y honesta, aplicando las últimas reflexiones sobre el medio ambiente con que cuenta la Compañía con el fin de ofrecernos una panorámica de conjunto. El documento, tras un breve excurso histórico, considera la reconciliación con la creación a la luz, primero, de la dimensión de fe de nuestra misión, después, de la dimensión de justicia, pasando a continuación a considerar el diálogo con culturas y religiones. Finaliza ofreciendo ocho recomendaciones para comunidades, instituciones y otros ámbitos de gobierno de la Compañía.
Carta 2011/16 a toda la Compañía:
Authors: Nicolás Pachón S.I. Adolfo
Published: April 2020

Con esta carta, Adolfo Nicolás Pachón S.I., quiere llamar la atención de toda la Compañía sobre una inquietud importante expresada en la Congregación General 35 (2008), su compromisocon la ecología.
EXPLAINING RARITY OF THE NARROWLY ENDEMIC DIPTEROCARPUS CF. CONDORENSIS BY IN SITU PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Le Thach Buu , Critchley Christa
Published: April 2020

Comparative physiological attributes, obtained by chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange techniques, of restricted Dipterocarpus cf. condorensis and widespread Shorea roxburghii species that are actually co-located in Ta Kou Nature Reserve - Binh Thuan Province, provided essential information for understanding rarity of D. condorensis. The narrowly endemic D. condorensis had similar photosynthetic performance to the locally abundant S. roxburghii in more common habitats in which ground water tables are deep (>20m), but had significantly higher photosynthetic activities in its specific habitat, where the ground water level is shallow (<10m). These differences are probably the consequence of evolutionary trade-offs, and represent specializations of the endemic D. condorensis which is only successful in habitat where the ground water is accessible. However, while adaptive in this habitat, these traits may reduce success in other more common habitats in this region.
A Study on the intraocular pressure of the affected and unaffected eyes in patients with isolated cranial nerve palsies
Authors: Dikmetaş Özlem , Voykov Bogomil
Published: April 2020

Objective: The role of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the incidence and progression of glaucoma is well known. However, the exact mechanisms of IOP regulation are still unclear. Central IOP control has been suggested, but the autonomic pathway through which it acts is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate if isolated cranial nerve (CN) palsies of the third, fourth and sixth nerves are associated with an IOP difference between the affected and the unaffected eyes.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study including patients diagnosed with a third, fourth and sixth nerve palsy at a single tertiary centre. We included only patients with an isolated unilateral palsy. Patients with a history of strabismus, orbital disease or neurosurgical cases were excluded.

Results: The charts of 1712 patients were reviewed. Third, fourth and sixth nerve palsies were found in 469 patients, 314 patients and 929 patients, respectively. Of all patients, 190 (10.6%) were eligible for inclusion in the study. A third nerve, fourth nerve or sixth nerve palsy was present in 85 (44.7%), 65 (34.2%) and 40 (21.1%) patients, respectively. The mean IOP of the affected eyes and the unaffected eyes was not statistically significant different: 14.1 ± 3.1 mmHg vs. 14.6 ± 2.7 mmHg in the CN3 group (p=0.087); 13.6 ± 2.6 mmHg vs. 13.7 ± 2.3 mmHg in the CN4 group (p=0.69); and 14.3 ± 2.7 mmHg vs. 14.9 ± 3.3 mmHg in the CN6 group (p=0.089). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean IOP differences of the affected and unaffected eyes among the three groups (p=0.47).

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated no difference in IOP between affected and unaffected eyes in patients with an isolated cranial nerve palsy. These findings are the first and important for ophthalmology practice.
Normal Values of Third Ventricular Width of Preterm Infants
Authors: Koc Ayse Selcan , Mert Mustafa Kurthan
Published: April 2020

Objective: Although the third ventricle width reference ranges obtained by cranial ultrasonography in term infants are known in the literature but there are no adequate and up to date data regarding the reference ranges of third ventricle width in premature infants. In our study, we aimed to obtain the normal reference values of third ventricle width and the third ventricle related parameters in preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks).
Materials and Methods:In our study 156 preterm infant and 64 term infants were included. Weights and head circumference of all infants were measured before C-US. The right and left lateral ventricle anterior horn width (AHW), ventricular index (VI) and third ventricle width were recorded in C-US. Study data were divided into 2 groups as term infants and preterm infants.
Results:Third ventricle measurement was successfully performed in all infants. The frequency of cesarean section was significantly higher in preterm infants, while weight and head circumference were significantly lower (p<0.05). R-AHW, L-AHW, R-VI, L-VI was significantly higher in term infants than in preterm infants (p<0.05). Mean ± SD, median, minimum and maximum third ventricle diameters were 1.27±0.33mm, 1.20mm, 0.50mm and 1.90mm respectively in preterm infants. In univariate analysis, GA, R-AHW, L-AHW, R-VI, L-VI values were found to be associated with third ventricle diameters. Linear regression analysis revealed that only GA and R-AHW were independently associated with third ventricle (beta: 0.611 - p<0.001 and beta: 0.141 - p = 0.011, respectively).
Conclusion:The third ventricle width obtained by C-US is significantly lower in preterm infants than in term infants and this is independently associated with GA. These results of our study are important for the detection of third ventricle dilatation in preterm infants with abnormal C-US and our data’s were thought to be used clinically.
The Pretibial edema strain ratio obtained by elastography can be used in differential diagnosis of patients with chronic heart failure and nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Demirtas Derya
Published: April 2020

Objective: Pretibial edema (PTO) is a common examination finding in patients with both heart failure (HF) and nephrotic syndrome (NS).  We aimed to evaluate the utility of PTO strain ratio (PTO-SR) obtained by strain elastography (SE) in the diagnosis of HF and NS.

Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients (40 patients with HF and 40 patients with NS) were included in this study. Physical examination echocardiography and laboratory examinations were performed. PTO elastographic color grade and PTO-SR measurements were performed in the PTO region by SE.

Results: PTO-SR and presence of PTO elastographic color grade-I were found to be higher in HF. Tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG), left ventricular (LV) diameters and volumes were significantly higher and LV ejection fraction (EF) was significantly lower in HF. LVEF and PTO-SR independently determined the presence of HF. The each-0.1 increase in PTO-SR was being to the risk of HF by 29.1%. In predicting the presence of HF, the area under the ROC curve was 0.827 for PTO-SR. The cut-off value for PTO-SR was taken as 0.70, it was determined the patients with HF disease with 80.0% sensitivity and 76.5% specificity. PTO-SR value was found to be closely related to TRPG, LVEF, and LV volumes. A close relationship was found between PTO-SR and TRPG.

Conclusion: In patients with HF, the PTO-SR obtained by SE is higher than in patients with NS and can be used as an objective parameter for HF differential diagnosis in addition to conventional HF diagnostic methods.