bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher Training and the use of the Abacus in the Practice of Quantifying Physical Quantities
Authors: Sodré Gleison De Jesus Marinho , Ferreira Raquel Soares do Rêgo , Gonçalves Maria Luciana Souza
Published: July 2022

Background: Several studies in mathematics education show the use of the physical abacus in the activities of teachers in initial graduation, emphasising, in their manipulation, practices with addition or subtraction operations, or yet, which express a direct translation of the numeral to the physical abacus and, vice versa, without, however, explaining part of the complexity involved the social practice of quantifying physical quantities, which even makes possible the structuring of the numeral. Objective: To show that the use of the abacus by teachers in initial training may not ensure the realisation or mastery of the practice of quantifying physical quantities with discrete units. Design: In this sense, a study and research path (SRP) was carried out based on the training of early years teachers. Environment and participants: 25 students in initial training of a degree course at a public educational institution participated in an activity on decimal number system (DNS), but largely positional number system (PNS), proposed based on a problem in an unusual context (for them), they mobilised to face and answer questions. Data collection and analysis: We present an excerpt from the empirical research forwarded by Ferreira (2020) with teachers in initial training. Results: The data observed in the empirical confirms the hypothesis of the existence of a problem regarding the use of the abacus as a possible facilitator in the structuring of non-decimal numbers through the practice of quantifying physical quantities. Conclusions: The results found with the teachers revealed, in addition to the problem of teacher training on what to teach and how to teach numerals, that using the abacus made it difficult, if not hindered, the practice of quantifying physical quantities with discrete units. We also found changes in the quality of the teachers’ relationships with structuring decimal and non-decimal numbers.
Crescimento populacional, biometria e variação conquiliológica de Iphigenia brasiliensis (Bivalvia: Donacidae) na Baía de Todos os Santos, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Patrícia Petitinga da , Paz Joicelene Regina Lima da , Rosário Daiana de Jesus do , Peso-Aguiar Marlene Campos
Published: July 2022

Iphigenia brasiliensis é uma espécie de bivalve comestível, fonte de subsistência de muitas comunidades no litoral baiano, porém pouco comercializado na região Nordeste brasileira. Alteração das características morfológicas de suas conchas e da relação peso de sua carne para o volume de sua concha, dentre outros parâmetros, podem refletir a qualidade do ambiente onde vivem. Neste estudo associou-se o crescimento populacional, a biometria e a variação conquiliológica de I. brasiliensis, às condições ambientais, em um estuário baiano, entre novembro de 2001 e novembro de 2002. Mensalmente, a salinidade, temperatura da água, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, pluviosidade e os organismos foram amostrados, submetidos às variáveis biométricas, fator de condição e analisados por estatística descritiva. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o comprimento médio dos indivíduos (n = 356) foi de 50,2 mm, com peso total médio de 21,45 g, peso úmido das partes moles médio de 5,12 g, peso das conchas com média anual de 13,54 g e rendimento médio das partes moles de 25,46%. O coeficiente de determinação apresentou mais de 95%. O crescimento da população de I. brasiliensis foi alométrico positivo para a relação peso total x tamanho, e crescimento isométrico para a relação peso das partes moles x tamanho. A variação mensal do fator de condição demonstrou os maiores valores em julho de 2002, concordando com o resultado do rendimento das partes moles. Assim, observa-se a importância de pesquisas básicas sobre a biologia de diferentes populações de bivalves, como subsídio ao cultivo destas espécies e ao aprimoramento do processo de exploração dos bancos naturais.
Toward a Conceptual Framework for Technical Debt in Archives
Authors: Joyce Déirdre , McPhee Laurel , Johnston Rita , Corrin Julia , Hirsch Rebecca
Published: July 2022

Early collections-based digital projects and their infrastructure, including website platforms and software, digital asset management systems, information systems, metadata, and preservation protocols, serve as the foundation for many library, archives, and museum (LAM) repositories' ongoing efforts to organize, describe, and make digital assets widely accessible online. Completed projects, despite well-intended planning and execution, can become time intensive to maintain and migrate forward as new projects that meet fresh programmatic goals and current professional standards, become today's focus. Assessment of past projects, with the goal of making better decisions in the future (i.e., “lessons learned”), can be framed through an understanding of the term “technical debt,” a metaphor used within the software development community. The authors define and explore the concept of technical debt, relating it specifically to the archival field, and suggest a preliminary conceptual framework of technical debt to inform decision-making.
Love (and Loss) in the Time of COVID-19: Translating Trauma into an Archives of Embodied Immediacy
Authors: Evans Ferrin
Published: July 2022

This article contributes to the emerging body of literature on grief and trauma in archival and records management work through the lens of COVID-19. The pandemic has put into stark relief the fragility of our individual and collective lives and livelihoods. Now, more than ever, we must take seriously the mental health and well-being of archivists. Inspired by the loss of a lover due to coronavirus-related symptoms, which brought on a deep grief that had profound professional, academic, and personal affects, this article—in a nod to Michelle Caswell's writing on feminist standpoint epistemology—represents the author's effort to “[value] the view from the margins.” More acutely, it speaks from the vantage point of a queer, Filipino, precariously employed archival student and practitioner grasping for meaning during a global pandemic. Engaging with affect theory, queer studies, and work on grief in archives, the author develops the concept of affective porosity, a means through which archival practitioners might seek a richer sense of relationality. Grounding theoretical expansiveness within contemporary practice, this article concludes by using field reports on archival trauma and case studies on BIPOC student labor to productively interrogate the state of archival labor today. As a profession, it is critical that archivists strive toward a path of embodied immediacy, caring for fellow archivists as much as we do archives.
Pragmatic Principles for Archival Linked Data
Authors: Roke Elizabeth Russey , Tillman Ruth Kitchin
Published: July 2022

Where does linked data fit in archival description? How do we get from promise to implementation? This article evaluates the benefits and limitations of current approaches to linked data in archival work. It proposes four pragmatic principles for the archival community to follow when determining how to pursue linked data. This approach engages with communities (both inside and outside cultural heritage institutions) already publishing linked data, accounts for institutional resource limitations, and recognizes the need for technological, educational, and social support for institutions and workers. Through an examination of the work of the Archives and Linked Data Interest Group with Schema.org and Wikidata, the article provides case studies that explore how these pragmatic principles for archival linked data create inclusive, rather than exclusive, communities.
“Active and Vital Resources”: A Thematic Analysis of Congressional Collection Policies
Authors: Dearborn Carly
Published: July 2022

This article describes the process of updating and broadening the collection policy of the Ohio Public Policy Archives (OPPA) at The Ohio State University Libraries to include a more diverse representation of policy and policy making on the national level. The author conducted a thematic analysis of peer congressional collecting policies to determine whether a notable difference exists between language describing the acquisition of congressional collections and language describing the acquisition of public policy collections. The thematic analysis highlights new areas of focus and reinforces the research value of congressional collections. OPPA's updated collection policy built on the identified themes to further illuminate the research value of congressional collections while also making room for the addition of new perspectives on the U.S. policy-making process.
Understanding the Unseen: Invisible Disabilities in the Workplace
Authors: Abney Ann , Denison Veronica , Tanguay Chris , Ganz Michelle
Published: July 2022

Approximately 61 million (or 1 in 4) adults in the United States have a disability. Despite this prevalence, many people cannot name a coworker who is disabled, possibly due to the number of people who have invisible disabilities. This lack of understanding of both causes and prevalence can cause both the disabled and their supervisors or managers to be unaware of how to address a disabled person's needs. In this article, the authors shed light on how to improve the professional environment for disabled archivists, staff, and patrons. People without disabilities or those with unrealized disabilities can all benefit when universal design is considered. The best way to achieve inclusivity is to encourage all employees to model the behavior you want to see in others and to normalize disabilities and accommodations. In an environment where accommodations for everyone are normalized, many of the micro- or macro-aggressions may be eliminated from the workplace, as it can help remove the stigma surrounding disability. Everyone wants to work in a supportive environment where they feel respected.
Specifics of Conducting Special Psychophysiological Studies with the Use of a Polygraph on the Employees of Internal Affairs Bodies Appointed to Other Positions in the System of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Vinogradov M.V. , Ulyanina O.A.
Published: July 2022

The article describes the practice of using the method of special psychophysiological research (SPPR) on the polygraph in the Department of Internal Affairs in its historical context. A comparative analysis is carried out on the statistical representation of risk factors for deviant behavior that were found in employees through SPPR in 2011 and 2020. The work presents the results of the SPPR conducted as part of the professional psychological selection of candidates for service in the Department of Internal Affairs in 2018 – 2020. The identified risk factors are analyzed in the regional context. Taking into account the described results, we substantiate the necessity and relevance of developing methodological recommendations, aimed to clarify certain situations that arise in the process of conducting SPPR while transferring an individual to a higher position in the Department of Internal Af-fairs, with a different functional purpose or set of activities. As part of particularizing the content of the recommendations, we look into the specifics of conducting a pre-test interview with the subject. We show the contents of the test topics on the studied issues and their specification with regards to the functional responsibilities of employees. The methods of conducting an SPPR and the approaches to evaluating the results of the study are described.
Sumario
Authors: Álvarez-Arregui Emilio , Pérez Pérez Ramón
Published: July 2022

Sin resumen
Waveform Signatures of Earthquakes Located Close to the Subducted Gorda Plate Interface
Authors: Gong Jianhua , McGuire Jeffrey J.
Published: July 2022

Complex seismic velocity structure near the earthquake source can affect rupture dynamics and strongly modify the seismic waveforms recorded near the fault. Fault-zone waves are commonly observed in continental crustal settings but are less clear in subduction zones due to the spatial separation between seismic stations and the plate boundary fault. We observed anomalously long duration S waves from earthquake clusters located near the interface of the subducted Gorda plate north of the Mendocino triple junction. In contrast, earthquakes located just a few kilometers below each cluster show impulsive S waves. A nodal array experiment was conducted around the Northern California Seismic Network station KCT for two months to investigate the origin of the complex S waves. Beamforming analysis shows that the S waves contain three arrivals that have different horizontal slownesses, which we term S1, S2, and S coda. Similar analysis on P waves also show two arrivals with different horizontal slownesses, which we term P1 and P2. P1 and S1 have larger horizontal slowness than P2 and S2, respectively, indicating that the phase pairs are body waves with different ray paths. Building upon a seismic refraction profile, we construct 1D velocity models and test different thicknesses and VP/VS ratios for the subducted oceanic crust. The arrival times and relative slownesses of P1/P2 and S1/S2 phases indicate that they are the direct and the Moho reflected phases, respectively. Their properties are consistent with a crustal thickness of ∼6 km and a moderate VP/VS ratio (∼1.8). The S coda is more difficult to characterize but has a clear dominant frequency that likely reflects the near-source velocity and attenuation structure. Our study indicates that waveforms from earthquakes near the interface of the subducted slab can be used to infer detailed structural information about the plate-boundary zone at seismogenic depths.
NILAI-NILAI KESADARAN SEJARAH DAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BANGSA SEBAGAI DASAR PEMBENTUK PERILAKU SOSIAL UNTUK MEMPERTAHANKAN IDEOLOGI BANGSA
Authors: Afni Neli Filhi Lijulli , Sarkadi Sarkadi , Ibrahim Nurzengky
Published: July 2022

This article aims to explain the values of historical consciousness and national character education as a basis for shaping social behavior to defend the nation's ideology. This research is a literature study. Pancasila ideology is an inspiration of the character and personality for the Indonesians. Nevertheless, Indonesian people are starting that ideology. If this is allowed to drag on, it will threaten the loss of the ideology of the nation. Enhancing historical consciousness values and national character education for all could help to overcome this problem.Historical consciousness consist of sense of awareness, self-knowledge about what has happened to one selves and the nation that makes humans want to self-reflect and imitate, and implement the values contained in the Pancasila ideology, namely being able and willing to have good social behavior.  Meanwhile, national character education is a reflection of the Pancasila ideology. So, it is very important to provide national character education from an early age so that it is accustomed and easy to behave according to Pancasila values, namely being willing and able to have good social behavior. The values of historical consciousness and national character education have been deeply embedded in a nation indirectly reflect the strength of the Pancasila ideology. Thus, maintaining the nation's ideology can be done by forming good social behavior which is instilled through historical consciousness values and national character education
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ATTENTION, RELEVANCE, CONFIDENCE, SATISFACTION (ARCS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Oktaviani Anik , Umamah Nurul , Marjono Marjono , Surya Riza Afita
Published: July 2022

21st century skills prepare students with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in life and careers in the world of work. One thing that needs to be developed is self-confidence which is an important character in achieving learning goals. The sample of this research is 34 students of MAN 2 Jember. The data technique used is a questionnaire. Data processing is done using SPSS. The results of the study of students' self-confidence at the pretest obtained an average score of 52.67 which indicates the category of moderate confidence and self-confidence of students at the post-test obtained an average of 81.33 which indicates that the category of high self-confidence means confidence students' self between pretest and post-test increased by 28,667. The research recommendation is that it is necessary to build a learning environment that can increase students' self-confidence. Based on the results of the study and its relationship with previous research, it shows that the ARCS learning model has an effect on increasing students' self-confidence.
PEMETAAN POTENSI TINGGALAN ARKEOLOGI MASA KLASIK DI KABUPATEN SAROLANGUN
Authors: Izza Nainunis Aulia , Adi Ari Mukti Wardoyo , Mahanani Nugrahadi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini membahas potensi tinggalan Arkeologi dari masa klasik (Hindu-Buddha) di wilayah Kabupaten Sarolangun. Pada tahun sebelumnya telah dilakukan penelitian serupa dengan cakupan Kecamatan Sarolangun dan hasilnya mengindikasikan adanya tinggalan Arkeologi klasik yang padat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode predictive modeling yang dilaksanakan dengan Langkah awal penentuan titik-titik yang menurut toponim berkaitan dengan istilah klasik. Penelitian ini dilandasi oleh fenomena keberadaan kota-kota dan pemukiman di sepanjang aliran DAS Batanghari. Kabupaten Sarolangun dipilih karena sangat potensial menjadi tempat pendirian situs-situs masa klasik, terlebih lagi apabila dihubungkan dengan wilayah Kecamatan Sarolangun yang memiliki sensitivitas temuan masa klasik yang tinggi, indikasi toponim, dan keberadaan situs-situs serupa di wilayah sekitar, wilayah Kabupaten Sarolangun sangat penting untuk diteliti. Hasilnya menunjukkan adanya sebaran wilayah dengan sesitivitas tinggalan Arkeologi klasik yang tinggi pada berbagai wilayah Sarolangun, Selain itu, wilayah dengan sensitivitas tinggi di Kabupaten Sarolangun juga berkaitan erat dengan situs klasik Karangbrahi yang dewasa ini masuk wilayah Kabupaten Merangin yang berbatasan dengan Sarolangun.
Analisis Status Depresi Sebagai Faktor Penyebab Hipertensi Berbasis Gender di Indonesia (Studi Indonesian Family Life Survey 5)
Authors: Mandagi Ayik Mirayanti , Ulfa Itsna Faizah , Prayogi Ahmad Rido'i Yuda , Pratama Rochmad Ardiansyah , Adnin Arini Banowati Azalia , Aisyiyah Fiko Ainun Nur , Katmawanti Septa
Published: July 2022

Depression and hypertension are common and dangerous conditions among the Indonesian population. Measurement of blood pressure and detection of depression need to be done regularly to minimize the impact that occurs in the future. This study aims to determine whether depression is the cause of the incidence of hypertension by gender in Indonesia. The research design used in this study was analytic observation. This study used a cross sectional design, survey with stratified random sampling technique. The data in this study used secondary data based on the results of the Indonesian Family Life Survey Five (IFLS Five) research. Data analysis used a linear regression test. The results showed that there was a relationship between depression status and hypertension in men aged 15-64 years. The relationship between depression status and the prevalence of hypertension in women aged 15-64 years is a significant relationship. The comparison of the prevalence of depression between men and women is that men are more than women by 3.6 percent with an OR of 0.84. The relationship between depression and hypertension in women and men aged 15–64 years in Indonesia is a significant relationship.Depresi dan hipertensi merupakan kondisi yang umum dan berbahaya di antara penduduk Indonesia. Pengukuran tekanan darah dan deteksi depresi perlu dilakukan secara rutin untuk meminimalisir dampak yang terjadi di masa yang akan dating. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah depresi merupakan penyebab kejadian hipertensi menurut jenis kelamin di Indonesia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi analitik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, survei dengan teknik stratified random sampling. Data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berdasarkan hasil penelitian Indonesian Family Life Survey Lima (IFLS Lima). Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status depresi dengan hipertensi pada laki-laki usia 15-64 tahun. Hubungan antara status depresi dengan prevalensi hipertensi pada wanita usia 15–64 tahun adalah hubungan yang bermakna. Perbandingan prevalensi depresi antara laki-laki dan perempuan adalah bahwa laki-laki lebih banyak daripada perempuan sebesar 3.6 persen dengan OR 0.84. Hubungan antara depresi dengan hipertensi pada wanita dan pria berusia 15–64 tahun di Indonesia adalah hubungan yang signifikan.
Pemanfaatan Film Animasi Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Al-Irsyad Muhammad , Katmawanti Septa , Paramita Farah , Fauzi Rosuzeita , Samah Dea Aflah , Mahardyka Gladys Cyntya , Sari Purnama Devita , Bachtiar Belisa Fitria Az Zahra
Published: July 2022

The number of cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Malang Raya during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased. This is due to the Large-Scale Social Restriction Program (PSBB), so that efforts to tackle the spread of DHF cannot run optimally. This study aims to create an animated film that facilitates education to the people of Malang Raya regarding efforts to prevent and control dengue outbreaks in the pandemic period and in the future. The research methodology is carried out using research and development methods which are divided into two major parts, namely product design and product design in the form of animated films. Research respondents consisted of 16 respondents with an age range of 15-21 years. The results showed that most of the respondents had never watched a DHF animated film. Respondents' responses indicated that there was a potential increase in dengue fever sufferers during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by low self-awareness such as ignoring the quality of their health when studying at home. Suggestions for the DHF animated film are to add information on how to drain the bathtub properly on a regular basis, bury used items that are no longer used, plant mosquito repellent plants, use insect repellent, and create posters or content about dengue fever.Angka kasus Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) di Malang Raya pada kondisi pandemi COVID-19 mengalami lonjakan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya Program Pembatasan Social Berskala Besar (PSBB), sehingga usaha untuk menanggulangi penyebaran DHF pun tidak dapat berjalan maksimal. penelitian yang bertujuan untuk membuat film animasi yang mempermudah edukasi kepada masyarakat Malang Raya mengenai upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan wabah DBD di masa pandemi dan masa yang akan datang. Metodologi penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) yang dibagi menjadi dua bagian besar, yaitu desain produk dan produk berupa film animasi. Responden penelitian terdiri dari 16 responden dengan rentang usia 15-21 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden belum pernah menonton film animasi DHF. Tanggapan responden menunjukkan adanya potensi kenaikan penderita demam berdarah di masa pandemi COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh kesadaran diri yang rendah seperti mengabaikan kualitas kesehatannya saat pembelajaran di rumah. Saran untuk film animasi DHF adalah dengan menambahkan informasi tentang cara menguras bak mandi dengan baik secara rutin, mengubur barang-barang bekas yang sudah tidak terpakai, menanam tanaman pengusir nyamuk, menggunakan obat nyamuk, dan membuat poster atau konten mengenai demam berdarah.
Verificación automatizada de contenidos en las radiotelevisiones públicas europeas: primeras aproximaciones al uso de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Fieiras Ceide César , Vaz Álvarez Martin , Túñez López Miguel
Published: July 2022

La proliferación de noticias falsas en el renovado contexto digital se erige como uno de los problemas centrales a los que se enfrentan los medios de comunicación. Se ha comprobado que, para atajar la desinformación, no basta con la aplicación de soluciones tecnológicas, ya que se trata de una cuestión estructural que debe ser contenida desde la raíz: la alfabetización mediática desde la juventud para el desarrollo de un pensamiento crítico. Con todo, el uso de herramientas basadas en la automatización o la inteligencia artificial (IA) simplifica la tarea de verificación de contenidos y de rastreo de falsedades, permitiendo un análisis inmediato de grandes volúmenes de información. En el caso concreto de las radiotelevisiones públicas europeas, las 8 entrevistas en profundidad realizadas para el presente estudio a responsables de innovación e inteligencia artificial en radiotelevisiones públicas revelan que ya han comenzado a implementar estas soluciones en sus procesos de producción, lo que supone un paso adelante hacia una mitigación efectiva de la desinformación.
Análisis de una prueba para medir la creatividad matemática
Authors: Salazar Tornel María , Bermejo Rosario , Ferrando Mercedes
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar el constructo de creatividad matemática en la educación secundaria y su relevancia, así como su posible medida a través de la invención y resolución de problemas de respuesta abierta. El estudio contó con una muestra de 62 estudiantes de entre 12 y 14 años, todos ellos superdotados y con talento, y se realizó durante una serie de talleres de enriquecimiento. El instrumento de medida utilizado fue el Test de Capacidad de Resolución de Problemas Matemáticos Creativos (MCPSAT), que consiste en cuatro tareas de resolución de problemas para evaluar las dimensiones clásicas de la creatividad (fluidez, flexibilidad y originalidad). Para evaluar la originalidad, se obtuvo un cociente de creatividad. Los resultados revelaron que las más eficaces para medir la creatividad matemática son la Tarea 1 ("Los dieciséis puntos") y la Tarea 4 ("Prisma de agua"). Además, la prueba mostró una estructura interna adecuada, indicando una mayor correlación entre las dimensiones intra-tarea que entre las dimensiones o habilidades creativas.
Adaptação e sucesso acadêmico em estudantes brasileiros do primeiro ano da educação superior
Authors: Farias Rebeca V. , Gouveia Valdiney V. , Almeida Leandro S.
Published: July 2022

A compreensão das variáveis que influenciam a adaptação e sucesso dos estudantes da educação superior é fundamental para definição de ações institucionais que favoreçam o sucesso e a permanência acadêmica, em especial dos estudantes de primeiro ano. Neste estudo, analisamos como o coeficiente de rendimento escolar de 715 estudantes do primeiro ano da Educação Superior do Instituto Federal da Paraíba, Brasil, está influenciado por variáveis pessoais, sociais, de adaptação acadêmica, de envolvimento em atividades obrigatórias e em não-obrigatórias dos estudantes. A par das classificações escolares dos estudantes no final do primeiro e do segundo semestre, convertidas no rendimento escolar, e das suas características sociodemográficas, foram aplicadas três escalas ao longo do primeiro ano: escala de satisfação com suporte social, questionário de adaptação ao ensino superior, e escala de envolvimento acadêmico. Os resultados da análise de regressão sugerem que as variáveis quantidade de horas semanais de estudo, sexo, envolvimento do estudante em atividades não-obrigatórias e se trabalha não contribuem de forma estatisticamente significativa para explicar a variância no coeficiente de rendimento dos estudantes. Por outro lado, o fator geral de suporte social, o projeto de carreira, a localização do campus, o envolvimento em atividades obrigatórias e o número de faltas ao longo do ano letivo apresentam um efeito estatisticamente significativo, estando associadas aos níveis de rendimento acadêmico dos estudantes no final do primeiro ano, com variância total explicado do rendimento escolar de 42.6 %.
Oral health problems in nursing homes, revision of oral health care delivery is needed
Authors:   School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Sigurðardóttir Aðalheiður Svana , Geirsdóttir Ólöf Guðný ,   School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Árnadóttir Inga B ,   School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Ramel Alfons ,   School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of oral health problems among nursing home residents is common, they suffer from oral diseases and need dental service. The aim of this study was to examine clinical oral health of Icelandic nursing home residents and their oral health quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total (N=82) residents in two nursing homes in Reykjavik gave their consent to be involved in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Residents participated in a clinical oral health examination at site and answered oral health quality of life questionnaire. RESULTS: Total 89% (N=73) residents completed the study, mean age 86.8 years (SD=5.7, range 73-100 years), of whom third had their own teeth and like had teeth, and partial dentures, while 41.1% were completely edentulous. The clinical oral health examination showed high prevalence of untreated oral health problems (67%). Residents with the worst oral health scored significantly higher than those who were better dentate, affecting their oral health quality of life (p=0.014), functional limitation (p=0.002) and physical disability (p=0.000). Most oral health problems interrelated to chewing, eating and limited ability to eat certain foods affecting their capability of food intake. CONCLUSION: Current administration of oral health care in nursing home needs alteration and the qualification in geriatric oral health and oral health care must be guaranteed among nursing staff in these settings. The public and health professions should work together in oral care matters in nursing homes to maintain oral health and lifelong oral health quality of life among residents.
Effects of water contamination with heavy metals on pigmented macrophages in spleen of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman) from three rivers in the North-Eastern region of North Macedonia
Authors: Ivanova Lozenka , Rebok Katerina , Jordanova Maja , Dragun Zrinka , Kostov Vasil , Ramani Sheriban , Valić Damir , Krasnići Nesrete , Filipović Marijić Vlatka , Kapetanović Damir
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose: Pigmented macrophage aggregates (PMAs) are a part of the immune system of fish and are considered as valuable biomarkers of the impact of water pollution on fish health.Materials and methods: Immunomodulatory effect of water contaminated with high levels of metals on spleen and splenic PMAs of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis) (n=129) was examined in two seasons, spring, and autumn 2012. For this purpose, three rivers were chosen: the Zletovska River, heavily contaminated with metals, the Kriva River, moderately contaminated with metals combined with high level of organic matter, and the Bregalnica River, without heavy metal contamination. Spleen masses and splenosomatic indices (SSI) were used for determining the general impact of water contamination on the immune system of Vardar chub. Moreover, volumes and numbers of PMAs within spleen tissue were determined stereologically.Results: The isolated effect of high exposure to metals caused the reduction of spleen mass and/or SSI in the fish from the Zletovska River. The combined effect of exposure to metals and high levels of nutrients in the fish from the Kriva River referred to stimulation of PMAs response, namely increased volumes of splenic PMAs. The existence of seasonally dependent differences was noted since the observed variability in PMAs between rivers occurred only in the autumn.Conclusions: Splenic PMAs in the Vardar chub can be used as an additional biomarker of metal pollution, but with caution, since enhancement of the volumes and numbers of MACs depends on the exposure level of heavy metals, on the presence of the other contaminants, as well as on the physiological condition of the fish.
Oogenesis and spermatogenesis in round sardinella (Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847) from the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Mustać Bosiljka , Sinovčić Gorenka
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose: Small pelagic fish species round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) has expanded its habitat during the last few decades towards colder parts of the Mediterranean Sea. In the Adriatic Sea, this investigation is the first attempt to study its gonad development histologically.Materials and methods: S. aurita specimens were sampled monthly from commercial landings of purse seine catches from the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea from November 2007 to January 2009. After biometric parameters were determined, gonads were removed from the fish and weighed. Sex and gonad development were determined macroscopically by the shape and the structure of gonads and afterwards gonads were analysed histologically.Results: The phases of gonadal development of both sexes of S. aurita were: immature, developing, spawning capable, regressing, and regenerating. An annual reproduction cycle based on gamete development revealed five stages of oocyte development: chromatin nucleolar stage, perinucleolar stage, yolk vesicle (cortical alveoli) formation, vitellogenic (yolk) stage, and ripe (mature) stage. Spermatogenesis was described through three stages: spermatocytogenesis (formation of primary spermatocytes from spermatogonia), meiosis (formation of secondary spermatocytes and spermatids) and spermiogenesis.Conclusions: Gonadal histology analyses of both sex of S. aurita indicated summer spawning manner of this species, with a peak in June-August period.
Protein S and protein C in preeclamptic pregnant women
Authors: Vuković Bobić Mirna , Habek Dubravko , Habek Jasna Čerkez , Dilber Dario
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose: Deficits of protein C and protein S are associated with an increased incidence of thrombotic disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of the mentioned natural coagulation inhibitors in women with preeclampsia and in a 6-months followup period after delivery.Materials and methods: This case-control clinical study included 55 pregnant women (cases) with preeclampsia and 50 healthy normotensive pregnant women (controls) in tertiary perinatal centre. Protein C levels were determined photometrically using a chromogen substrate, and protein S levels were determined using the clot method and optic detection.Results: There were no significant differences in protein C and protein S levels between women with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women; however, six months after delivery protein S levels were significantly lower in women with preeclampsia as compared to healthy peers, whereas protein C levels did not differ significantly.Conclusion: Possible long-term cardiovascular morbidity should be assessed in preeclampsia women.
Impact of OCT scan-patterns in identifying morphological features of lamellar macular holes and macular pseudoholes
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Ulus Liv Hospital, Istanbul 34340, Turkey, Uyar Osman Murat , Sadler Francoise ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen 72076, Germany, Konrad Eva-Maria ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen 72076, Germany, Gelisken Faik ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
Published: July 2022

AIM: To evaluate the impact of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan patterns on the detection of the features associated with lamellar macular hole (LMH) and macular pseudohole (MPH).
METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive eyes with LMH (n=41) and MPH (n=59) having at least three of the following OCT features, which include mandatory criteria for the diagnosis of LMH and MPH: Epiretinal membrane, epiretinal proliferation, verticalization, intraretinal cystoid spaces, foveoschisis, irregular foveal contour, foveal cavity with undermined edges, and ellipsoid line disruption. Primary outcome measurement was the detection frequency of the features in three different OCT scan patterns: 1) volume scan; 2) six radial scans (R6); and 3) vertical and horizontal radial scans (R2).
RESULTS: Of the total eight features, the maximal detection frequency was found as 4.45±1.45, 4.35±1.47, and 3.70±1.59, by the volume, R6 and R2, respectively. R2 was inferior to the other patterns in detection of the total features (P<0.001), whereas R6 and volume patterns were found comparable (P=0.312).
CONCLUSION: The physician should be aware that the selection of the OCT-scan pattern may influence the detection of mandatory morphological criteria for the diagnosis of LMH and MPH.
Short and long term corneal biomechanical analysis after overnight orthokeratology
Authors:   Department of Optometry & Vision, Optics and Optometry Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28037, Spain, Nieto-Bona Amelia , Ayllón-Gordillo Adela Elena ,   Department of Optometry & Vision, Optics and Optometry Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28037, Spain, Carracedo Gonzalo ,   Department of Optometry & Vision, Optics and Optometry Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28037, Spain, Pinero David P ,   Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
Published: July 2022

AIM: To investigate the short and long term corneal biomechanical changes after overnight orthokeratology (OK) and compare them with those occurring in subjects not wearing contact lenses.
METHODS: Retrospective case control study enrolling 54 subjects that were divided into three groups 18 subjects each: control group (CG), short term (15 nights) OK (STOK) group, and long term (more than 1y of OK wear) OK (LTOK) group. Corneal biomechanics were characterized using the CorVis® ST system (Oculus), recording parameters such as time [first/second applanation time (AT1, AT2)], speed [velocity of corneal apex at the first/second applanation time (AV1, AV2)], and amplitude of deformation (AD1, AD2) in the first and second corneal flattening, corneal stiffness (SPA1), biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) and corneal (CBI) and tomographic biomechanical indices (TBI).
RESULTS: Significantly lower AD1 and standard deviate on of Ambrosio’s relational average thickness related to the horizontal profile (ARTh) values were found in the OK groups compared to CG (P<0.05). Likewise, significantly higher values of CBI were found in STOK and LTOK groups compared to CG (P<0.01). No significant differences between groups were found in integrated radius index (P=0.24), strain stress index (P=0.22), tomographic biomechanical index (P=0.91) and corneal stiffness parameter (SPA1, P=0.97). Significant inverse correlations were found between corneal thickness and CBI in STOK (r= -0.90, P<0.01) and LTOK groups (r=-0.71, P<0.01).
CONCLUSION: OK does not seem to alter significantly the corneal biomechanical properties, but special care should be taken when analyzing biomechanical parameters influenced by corneal thickness such as amplitude of deformation, ARTh or CBI, because they change significantly after treatment but mainly due to the reduction and pachymetric progression induced by the corneal molding secondary to OK treatment.
Prevalence of refractive errors in Hungary reveals three-fold increase in myopia
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary, Szentendre 2000, Hungary, Németh János , Dankovics Gergely ,   Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary, Szentendre 2000, Hungary, Barna István ,   Comprehensive Health Test Program of Hungary, Szentendre 2000, Hungary; st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1083, Hungary, Limburg Hans ,   Health Information Services, Grootebroek 1613LC, The Netherlands, Nagy Zoltán Zsolt ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
Published: July 2022

AIM: To examine the prevalence and composition of refractive errors in Hungary.
METHODS: Nationwide cross-sectional data collected between 2014 and 2019 were analysed from the Comprehensive Health Screening Program of Hungary, which provided spectacle dioptric power and autorefractometry data for 68 227 people (35 850 women and 32 377 men). Their age distribution, 18-99y, was similar to the national demographic distributions.
RESULTS: Of the total population, 16.50% of the refractive errors exhibited hyperopia, 40.05% emmetropia, and 43.45% myopia. Myopia was 3 times more frequent (58.7%) in younger ages (18-35y of age) compared to older age groups (19.4% of those 56-70y of age; P<0.001). High myopia showed a low prevalence (0.21%), and an increase parallel with ageing (r=0.716; P=0.009).
CONCLUSION: Myopia is the most frequent refractive error in Hungary. The prevalence of myopia is especially increased, up to 2-3 times, in the younger age groups. Nationwide actions need to be taken to reduce the onset of myopia and its associated consequences.
Experimental study on reduction of pollutant emissions in reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine fueled with diesel/gasoline fuels
Authors: FIRAT Müjdat , ALTUN Şehmus , OKCU Mutlu , VAROL Yasin , ŞENOCAK Melih Şafak
Published: July 2022

Reactivity Controlled Compression-Ignition (RCCI) concept presents a great potential to reduce both NOx and soot emissions from conventional diesel engines with improved thermal efficiency. Therefore, in this work, a single-cylinder diesel engine with CRDI was operated on RCCI mode. To investigate the effect of RCCI mode on engine performance and emissions, gasoline was injected into the port as LRF, while diesel was injected directly into the cylinder as HRF. Premixed ratio of low reactivity fuel was varied from 0% (conventional diesel mode, CDM) to 60% with 15% intervals as energy ratio given to engine per cycle. Engine load was also studied from 20% to 60% of max. engine torque with 20% intervals to stimulate low, mid and mid-high load conditions. Experimental results showed that with increase of Rp, unburned HC and CO emissions increased while smoke opacity decreased significantly (up to about 95% in case of 0.60 Rp and 60% engine load) in gasoline/diesel RCCI compared to CDM. Though NOx emissions decreased at low engine loads with RCCI strategy, they started to increase with increase of Rp at high loads.
Thermal performance investigation of position function circuit board used in automotive exterior rear lighting
Authors: SÖNMEZAY Birhat , AKTAŞ Mehmet
Published: July 2022

In this research, both numerically and experimentally, the thermal efficiency of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with two Light Emitting Diode (LED) chips was examined. The two LED lighting systems, which are single-cell LEDs, including PCB and copper plates, were manufactured, and tested under laboratory conditions to achieve this goal. The three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model with natural convection effects prepared using the FloEFD software package to predict PCB surface temperature distributions. The goal was to perform comprehensive circuit board simulation and validate the numerical model built in this study using the experimental data during the studies. From the results, we can easily claim that higher temperature gradients are calculated and predicted near the LED chip because of heat generation. Data paths have played an essential role in the LED circuit board's temperature distribution. High-temperature variations are observed at short distances around the LED when the experimental and simulation results are compared. Temperature changes are minimized as they travel away from the LED chip. It is found that the error rate is below 5 percent overall between the experimental and simulation results. The numerical results were in proper alignment with numerical data obtained from the three-dimensional (3D) CFD model. Given thermal efficiency and using such models, this model can design and analyze Automotive Lighting Systems.
Models of an artificial society in intellectual capital study
Authors: Mambetov Aytugan
Published: July 2022

The article considers the possibility of using artificial societies as special cases of computer agent models for the purpose of studying intellectual capital. Three models that fall under the category of "artificial society" were analyzed: the Sugarscape model, the individual-oriented model for the emergence of despotic and egalitarian societies, and the social network model. Each of the studied models was complicated taking into account the introduction/presence of the category of intellectual capital, as a result of which new non-trivial conclusions were obtained. In general, the assumption about the possibility of using the presented models for the purpose of studying and researching intellectual capital was confirmed in the course of the work.
Rationality transforming in the digital age
Authors: Ravochkin Nikita
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the features of the transformation of rationality in the realities of the digital age. The nature of three variants of rationality is presented - classical, non-classical and post-non-classical. The understanding is substantiated, the essential features are shown, and the author's definition of the rationality of the digital era is proposed. The complex impact of megatrends on the understanding of the world by actors and its subsequent transformations is highlighted. The contextual and situational elements are identified as the leading characteristics of the new rationality. Emphasis is placed on the impossibility of replicating "once" effective mental constructs, which inevitably implies the adaptation of the ideas of social transformations to new realities and current parameters. The authors demonstrated the transition of rationality of the digital age from the field of theory to applied purpose. The expediency of using the principles of the network approach by various actors is emphasized. A high degree of influence of media and other advanced technologies is noted. Based on practical examples from the political sphere of public life, the vectors of transformation of rationality in the realities of the digital world are determined: «visuality», «hedonism», «pragmatism». In conclusion, generalizations are given that constitute the theoretical and methodological basis.
Ensino à Distância no Contexto Universitário Brasileiro: uma Revisão de Escopo Baseada em Indicadores de Barreiras e Oportunidades
Authors: Oliveira J. Laize S. , Ricci-Cagnacci Rina
Published: July 2022

No cenário de uma pandemia sem precedentes, como reflexos da necessidade de distanciamento social, as discussões sobre o ensino à distância constituem-se em uma temática emergente no Brasil. Um dos subtemas nesta linha investigativa aborda os aspectos qualitativos desta modalidade de ensino. Como resultado destes estudos, evidenciam-se mudanças abruptas, principalmente nas práticas pedagógicas — perdas que revelam imparidades na captação do conhecimento. Dentro destas reflexões, este estudo mapeia as principais lacunas do uso da modalidade de ensino EaD nas universidades brasileiras. Os processos metodológicos compreendem uma revisão de escopo constituída em 90 artigos científicos e análises de palavras-chave por meio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados sugerem que as dificuldades de adaptação a este cenário são agravadas por desafios pertinentes à conjuntura tecnológica, seja nas discussões sobre acessibilidade ou sobre investimentos na formação complementar dos docentes. Estas lacunas propõem que tal modalidade não se sustenta como meio educativo no país. Todavia, algumas oportunidades são reveladas ao longo do texto.
 
Palavras-chave: Ensino EAD. Educação e Covid-19. Modalidade à distância. Distanciamento social.