bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le renouveau syndical dans les centres d'appels… à l'aube de la révolution tunisienne
Authors: Ben Kacem Montaha
Published: December 2014

L’exigence du renouveau syndical n’est pas nouvelle, mais les mutations sociales et les transformations liées aux relations salariales la rendent, aujourd’hui, plus profonde. Il s’agit pour le syndicat de développer et de mobiliser de nouvelles ressources qui lui permettent de renforcer ses modes d’action et sa position, dans un contexte de plus en plus volatile. Une étude empirique dans une multinationale délocalisée en Tunisie révèle la manière avec laquelle le syndicat dans les centres d’appels accède, progressivement, à quatre sources de pouvoir avant et après la révolution tunisienne afin d’acquérir plus de crédibilité et élargir ses champs d’intervention.
Des organisations syndicales en quête de renouvellement. Trajectoires militantes et expériences syndicales de jeunes militants de l'union syndicale Solidaires
Authors: Denis Jean-Michel , Thibault Martin
Published: December 2014

La question du renouvellement générationnel traverse aujourd’hui l’ensemble des organisations syndicales. Les inquiétudes quant au faible taux de syndicalisation, l’absence de culture syndicale et politique des plus jeunes, le manque de relève se lisent dans nombre de discours de dirigeants syndicaux et de militants. Il s’agit non seulement pour ces organisations de renforcer leurs effectifs, en particulier dans les secteurs d’activité ou les types d’entreprise où elles sont faiblement implantées, de modifier la pyramide des âges en interne, mais aussi de renouveler leurs cadres. Tel est le cas de l’union syndicale Solidaires dont bon nombre de militants fondateurs seront partis en retraite dans les années à venir. Or, malgré le positionnement très idéologique de Solidaires sur l’échiquier syndical, les modes d’entrée de la plupart des jeunes salariés dans ses organisations membres ne s’effectuent pas sur cette base, mais pour des motifs beaucoup plus classiques, liés au travail. Par ailleurs, peu semblent vouloir sacrifier leur vie personnelle alors que le syndicalisme de militant tel qu’il se pratique à Solidaires est extrêmement chronophage. Cette coupure est donc forcément problématique pour l’organisation et interroge sur les formes qu’elle va prendre à l’avenir.
Peppermint Candy et les événements de Gwangju en 1980
Authors: Lee Chan-Woong
Published: December 2014

Peppermint Candy (2000), considéré comme le meilleur film sur l’histoire contemporaine de la Corée du Sud, remonte le temps à partir de 1999 jusqu’à 1979, date de l’assassinat du président Park. Le spectateur assiste d’abord au suicide du personnage principal puis perçoit peu à peu la portée du soulèvement de Gwangju en mai 1980. Dans un film qui joue sur plusieurs modèles de temporalité, réalité politique tragique et force de rêver se disjoignent, symptôme de l’appréhension de l’histoire coréenne par toute une génération.
Le travail du présent
Authors: Denis Paul
Published: December 2014

L’auteur examine, à partir du travail de S. Dreyfus Asseo et R. Asseo, la notion de « traumatisme identitaire » et de « travail du présent » lequel est conçu comme l’activité psychique qui relie passé et avenir et fait échapper à « l’actuel ».
Le lieu et le moment
Authors: Chabert Catherine
Published: December 2014

L’auteur propose une mise en perspective du terme « passibilité », choisi par Dominique Scarfone, et la notion freudienne de passivité qui souligne l’engagement de l’autre dans son action sur le sujet et l’excitation inhérente à la situation analytique. Cette mise en perspective s’articule à trois notions : l’impassé, qui réclame répétitivement le passé éprouvé comme tel et implique la position passive ; la soudure – ou habillage psychique – qui relève d’une force d’attraction entre l’excitation brute et les représentations ; la douleur, effraction des limites radicale, qui révèle la place laissée vide par le moi lui-même. Lorsque l’actuel saisit le croisement du lieu et du moment, la douleur du transfert, gravée dans un espace-temps intermédiaire, permet l’investissement paradoxal d’un corps-psyché sensible, et l’ouverture de sens dans un processus de symbolisation.
Je ne crois plus à sa neurotica
Authors: Baldacci Jean-Louis
Published: December 2014

L’actuel en séance est rapproché d’une phobie de la pensée et interroge les étapes qui permettent à l’analyste de se dégager de l’épreuve d’actualité imposée par le patient : projection, ambiguïté du contre de la réponse, retournement, issue phobique, permettent de rencontrer la parole de transfert et avec elle le déplacement et l’accès à l’ambivalence.
Une quête de l'intermédiaire
Authors: Beetschen André
Published: December 2014

En examinant les différents modes d’abord de l’actuel dans les deux rapports, l’auteur souligne la référence commune faite au travail de passage : recherche d’un espace de survie dans l’actuel du trauma culturel, trajet par étapes de la (re-)présentation depuis « l’impassé » de la chose psychique. Ces passages œuvrent au dégagement d’un espace intermédiaire, où l’activité de fantaisie et de création propose les voies qualitatives d’une transformation de l’actuel.
La rencontre avec l'Oculus
Authors: Balsamo Maurizio
Published: December 2014

Où retrouver le sujet lorsqu’il ne parle plus, ne raconte plus ? Exactement dans la rencontre avec l’oculus . L’auteur propose qu’à l’intérieur de l’effet-masse, dans la rencontre avec des processus massifs de dé-subjectivation, la tâche de l’analyste est d’aller à la recherche des perceptions occultées du sujet, dans la découverte du grumeau de réel qui infléchit le discours, et dans l’identification des différentes manières de dire « non » qui constituent le psychisme humain, son effort de faire face au trauma.
Le Psychanalyste face à la menace de l'actuel
Authors: Smadja Claude
Published: December 2014

L’actuel s’exprime, en séance, par une certaine qualité de discours que le patient adresse à son analyste. Ce discours découle d’une altération profonde du tissu des représentations d’où le sexuel a été effacé.
Temporalités psychiques et représentance
Authors: Reid Wilfrid
Published: December 2014

Avec les notions de réalité hallucinatoire et de réalité perceptive, Freud pose les premiers jalons d’une métapsychologie de la représentance, congruente avec les divers espaces et temporalités psychiques des deux topiques. Winnicott, sous l’égide du paradigme de la complexité (E. Morin), apporte un heureux développement à ces premiers jalons en introduisant les processus transitionnels.
L'actuel, l'impassé originaire, le trauma et la confiance fondamentale
Authors: Dufresne Roger
Published: December 2014

L’auteur montre par de brèves vignettes cliniques que la gravité des effets pathogènes des traumatismes les plus terribles varie considérablement selon la solidité ou la fragilité du noyau originaire, en deçà du refoulement, irreprésenté, impassé et toujours actuel, issu du maternage précoce et fondateur du sentiment d’identité et de la confiance fondamentale en l’Autre et en soi.
Entre vie et mort, les voies de l'actuel dans la psyché et la culture
Authors: Corin Ellen
Published: December 2014

L’auteur relève une série de contrastes entre les deux rapports, relatifs notamment à la temporalité et au sexuel infantile ; elle s’interroge sur la réalité psychique et sur l’énergétique de l’actuel et ses liens avec la réalité externe. Elle propose que la prégnance de la mort dans la réalité historique est susceptible de convoquer un actuel de mort interne au sujet et que la mise hors récit de la violence mobilisée lors des grands traumas collectifs pourrait exposer à la résurgence d’une violence mortifère.
Enactment : mise en acte et/ou mise en scène
Authors: Gibeault Alain
Published: December 2014

Le concept anglo-saxon d’ enactment renvoie à la notion d’acte dans le contexte d’un comportement non-verbal ou d’une parole, qui reflète la situation analytique entre l’analyste et son patient, avec l’accent mis sur la participation inconsciente de l’analyste dans le processus analytique. Il s’agit de montrer ici l’intérêt de certaines correspondances avec des concepts élaborés dans la psychanalyse française, comme ceux de mise en acte et de mise en scène ou de mise en jeu, d’agir et de contre-agir, et d’énaction.
L'actuel, la rêverie et la parole dans la cure
Authors: Magnenat Luc
Published: December 2014

À partir d’un fragment de l’analyse d’une femme qui a développé un lymphome durant son analyse, l’auteur propose de considérer l’irruption de l’actuel dans un processus analytique comme un collapsus de la rêverie de la paire analytique. Il fait l’hypothèse qu’un tel collapsus répète un effondrement précoce vécu dans la relation mère-enfant, qu’une somatisation grave apparaissant en cours d’analyse appartiendrait au registre de « l’actuel 1 » décrit par Scarfone, et que l’effondrement transféro-contre-transférentiel de la rêverie du couple analytique appartiendrait au registre de « l’actuel 2 ». L’auteur propose une perspective psychosomatique basée sur la théorie de la pensée de Bion, sur les notions de « sein psychosomatique » et de « sein alexithymique ».
Creating Value-Added Linkages Through Creative Programming: A Partnership for Nursing Education
Authors: Caldwell Linda M. , Luke Gerri , Tenofsky Linda M.
Published: December 2014

Academic and clinical institutions can effectively collaborate to deliver programs that enhance the educational level of the nursing staff. Creative programming, which offers flexibility and convenience, and a reasonable cost are key elements in the success of a program. Open communication and mutual recognition and respect of the talents, abilities, and values of all developers of the program are essential factors in effective collaborations leading to successful partnerships. Although clear expectations and clarity of functions are important once the partnership has developed, flexibility and a desire to “own” both the problems and the successes of a program are crucial to success.
Compassion Fatigue Resiliency Training: The Experience of Facilitators
Authors: Potter Patricia , Pion Sarah , Gentry J. Eric
Published: December 2014

This qualitative evaluation examined compassion fatigue facilitators’ perceptions of the effects of a compassion fatigue resiliency training program in an urban medical center in the midwestern United States. Nine months after completing a compassion fatigue resiliency facilitator training program, 15 participants wrote short narratives describing how the program affected them. Participants described how the training program benefited them both personally and professionally. Two main themes were identified from the narrative analysis: self-improvement and application of resiliency. All of the participants described one or more self-improvements as a result of the program, particularly in regard to emotional health. All of the participants also described how they regularly applied one or more of the resiliency skills taught in the class to improve their ability to manage stress and prevent compassion fatigue. This program shows promise in ameliorating compassion fatigue and burnout in health care providers.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(2):83–88.
Corregir y disciplinar conductas: actitud de la Iglesia Católica contra la violencia popular. Siglos XVI-XVIII
Authors: Ruiz Astiz Javier
Published: December 2014

Durante el Antiguo Régimen asistimos a un interés creciente por parte de las autoridades religiosas por lograr controlar el orden público. Para conseguir este ambicioso objetivo emplearon distintos procedimientos en la búsqueda por lograr adoctrinar y corregir ciertas actitudes. Entre éstos nos encontramos con los manuales de confesores, los sermonarios y las constituciones sinodales. Siendo empleados para la prevención de futuros desórdenes públicos y con la idea de aumentar la seguridad ciudadana.
La devoción en la casa: Córdoba en el Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Garrido Flores Antonia
Published: December 2014

La religión era una parcela fundamental de la vida del Antiguo Régimen, un elemento que de manera transversal invadía todos los ámbitos de la vida de la Edad Moderna, por verdadera fe o por apariencia social. Consecuentemente fue muy frecuente que entre los objetos que componían el ajuar femenino se encontraran un número considerable de objetos destinados a la devoción doméstica o al culto privado que generalmente serían exhibidos en el espacio privado doméstico o en público en manifestaciones de carácter religioso. Con este trabajo se pretende dar una primera visión de todo lo concerniente a dichos objetos de culto, tanto los que eran de uso personal y privado como los que se instalaban en los nuevos hogares.
La contracelebración carlista del centenario de la Revolución Francesa
Authors: Fernández Escudero Agustín
Published: December 2014

En el año 1889 para conmemorar el XIII Centenario de la conversión de Recaredo al catolicismo, las dos facciones carlistas, los leales a don Carlos y los escindidos integristas, intentaron, a su manera, hacer suya la celebración.
El marqués de Cerralbo fue nombrado por el pretendiente carlista Carlos VII para presidir una Junta Central que llevaría a efecto la erección de una pirámide en Toledo, con el fin de demostrar al mundo entero la oposición del carlismo a la Torre Eiffel y al primer centenario de la Revolución Francesa, aunque su proyecto, apoyado por todas las juntas constituidas en toda la península, no pudo llegar a culminarse. Los motivos fueron económicos y por ciertas diferencias con la Iglesia.
Por su parte, los integristas también proyectaron edificar una basílica en Valladolid, que tampoco pudo ser realizada. No obstante, a los carlistas leales al pretendiente, esta experiencia de crear juntas para la construcción de una pirámide, al año siguiente les sirvió como base para constituir juntas electorales ante las próximas elecciones.
Al Azhar, scène renouvelée de l’imaginaire religieux sur les routes de la migration africaine au Caire
Authors: Bava Sophie
Published: December 2014

Dans un contexte géopolitique de fermeture des frontières au Nord comme au Sud incitant les migrants à multiplier et prolonger leurs étapes dans les pays du monde arabe et à redéfinir leurs projets migratoires, de nouveaux acteurs émergent, comme les acteurs religieux qui accompagnent ces mouvements. Nos recherches nous montrent également un développement et un renforcement de la place et du rôle d’organisations religieuses et d’origine confessionnelles sur ces mêmes routes entre l’Afrique de l’Ouest et le monde arabe. Des institutions religieuses se renforcent, voire trouvent un second souffle par l’intermédiaire de ces migrations. C’est le cas de l’université Al Azhar au Caire, une université en perte de vitesse dans son pays qui a trouvé une nouvelle dynamique via l’accueil d’étudiants étrangers et notamment africains et qui devient ainsi une pièce structurante sur l’échiquier des routes migratoires africaines vers le monde arabe. Notre article propose de rendre compte de l’attachement séculaire des étudiants originaires d’Afrique de l’Ouest à cette université mais également d’éclairer les itinéraires migratoires et de décrire la construction d’une communauté de circonstance sur les routes de la migration africaine : les étudiants Azharis. Nous confronterons les projets et les imaginaires portés par ces élèves à la réalité d’une installation au Caire de plus en plus durable et d’un retour de moins en moins glorieux, aux constructions sociales nées de ces parcours.
Intégration symbolique à Fès et ancrages sur l’ailleurs : Les Africains subsahariens et leur rapport à la zaouïa d’Ahmad al-Tijânî
Authors: Berriane Johara
Published: December 2014

L’article s’interroge sur le rôle de la zaouïa d’Ahmad al-Tijânî de Fès dans la vie quotidienne et les trajectoires des migrants et étudiants subsahariens de la ville. Sur la base d’un travail ethnographique dans et autour de ce sanctuaire-mosquée et des entretiens qualitatifs effectués avec des migrants de la ville, il analyse la fonction, le rôle et la place que ce lieu de pèlerinage connecté à la Tijaniyya ouest-africaine occupe chez les populations subsahariennes résidant à Fès.Après une description de l’espace physique de la zaouïa, l’article met en évidence le double ancrage de ce lieu religieux, à la fois à la topographie religieuse locale et aux territoires transnationaux de la Tijaniyya. S’en suit une étude des rapports que les migrants de Fès entretiennent avec la zaouïa. Cette dernière symbolise une présence africaine à Fès et prend la fonction d’espace d’intégration et de sociabilités interculturelles. Les migrants tendent par ailleurs à s’identifier au lieu et son saint et à se les approprier, ce qui est dû au rayonnement d’Ahmad al-Tijânî en Afrique de l’ouest et à l’hospitalité qu’ils vivent dans la zaouïa en tant qu’Africains noirs.
Regards croisés en Méditerranée
Authors: Dell’olio Aurélie
Published: December 2014

Cet article invite à découvrir, dans une optique comparative, deux récits de voyage : le premier The Cruise of the Vanadis, de la romancière américaine Edith Wharton, carnet de bord d’un tour de la Méditerranée, entrepris en 1888, en compagnie de son mari Teddy et publié posthumément en 1992, le second, Sea and Sardinia (1921), de l’écrivain anglais D. H. Lawrence qui décrit un bref séjour de Taormine en Sicile jusqu’en Sardaigne avec sa femme, Frieda. Ces deux regards croisés seront l’occasion de comparer non seulement deux manières bien différentes de concevoir un voyage d’agrément, mais aussi deux manières de s’adresser au lecteur. Si le regard de Wharton est porté presque exclusivement sur la nature et les vestiges de l’antiquité, dans un monde où les êtres humains sont étrangement absents, celui de Lawrence, en revanche, est filtré par ses propres états d’âme et par sa relation houleuse avec Frieda.
L’Amérique, Nouveau Monde ou avenir d’une illusion ? XVIIIe-XXIXe s
Authors: Lévêque Laure
Published: December 2014

Lorsque intervient la révolution américaine, c’est désormais doublement que les États-Unis font figure de Nouveau Monde : non plus seulement géographiquement, comme lointaine frontière, mais bien aussi politiquement, porteurs qu’ils sont des promesses d’un contrat social plus équitable et d’un modèle de développement, peut-être appuyé sur la conquête, mais sur celle de la liberté. Ce sont ces principes originels, portés sur les fonts baptismaux de la jeune république, dont le présent article s’attache à suivre, dans une vieille Europe qui se regarde au miroir d’outre atlantique, la progressive remise en cause tout au long de ce XIXe siècle qui a vu le fonctionnement de la référence américaine accuser un douloureux divorce entre le contenu symbolique qu’elle revêt et l’expression pratique qu’elle reçoit. Un miroir progressivement éloigné et de plus en plus terni à mesure que l’image qu’il renvoie prend la forme d’un expansionnisme brutal. Alors, le prisme américain laisse place à des spectres.
Nuovi dati di distribuzione dei macrolepidotteri eteroceri della fauna calabrese (Insecta Lepidoptera)
Authors: Scalercio Stefano
Published: December 2014

Vengono riportati dati di distribuzione di 566 specie relativi a 224 località. Le località sono state raggruppate in nove rvincie ambientali (PA) individuate su base ecologica e geografica, in modo da offire una lettura più ecologica e meno amministrativa della distribuzione della fauna sul territorio. Per molte specie si tratta della prima segnalazione per una determinata PA (33 per il Pollino-Orsomarso versante calabrese, 165 per la Catena Costiera, 83 per la Sila, 33 per il Marchesato, 12 per le Serre, 60 per l’Aspromonte, 63 per la Valle del Crati, 72 per la Costa tirrenica, 31 per la Costa ionica). Si segnalano per la prima volta 7 specie per la Calabria (Catocala lupina e Dichagyris candelisequa rinvenute nel Pollino-Orsomarso, Zanclognatha lunalis, Cucullia calendulae e Lithophane merckii rinvenute lungo la Costa tirrenica, Luperina testacea e Xanthia togata raccolte in Sila), mentre 38 specie erano note solo per una località. Inoltre, viene confermata la presenza di Proserpinus proserpina in Calabria. Si evidenzia la mancanza di uniformità della distribuzione dello sforzo di campionamento nella regione, con PA molto poco conosciute come la Catena Costiera, le Serre, il Marchesato, la Valle Crati e l’Aspromonte, auspicando che vengano promosse iniziative per coprire omogeneamente il territorio calabrese.
Neotypification of Sedum ochroleucum Chaix (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Gallo Lorenzo
Published: December 2014

No original materials (herbarium specimens or drawings) connected with the protologue of Sedum ochroleucum Chaix (Crassulaceae) are to be found; thus the name has been neotypified, selecting a specimen collected by the author in the type locality at Rabou, near Gap (France).
Risk Factors Associated with Serum Levels of the Inflammatory Biomarker Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor in a General Population
Authors: Haupt Thomas H. , Kallemose Thomas , Ladelund Steen , Rasmussen Line J. H. , Thorball Christian W. , Andersen Ove , Pisinger Charlotta , Eugen-Olsen Jesper
Published: December 2014

The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a biomarker of mortality risk in various patient populations. However, little is known about the implications of lifestyle for suPAR levels in the general population. Lifestyle, demographic, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor data were collected from 5,538 participants in the Danish population-based Inter99 study. Their suPAR levels were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the final adjusted model, smoking and morbid obesity were strongly associated with higher suPAR levels ( P < 0.001). An unhealthy diet and alcohol abstinence in men were also associated with higher suPAR levels. Physical activity in leisure time had a modest impact on suPAR levels in univariate analysis, but not in the final adjusted model. In conclusion, smoking and morbid obesity were strongly associated with higher serum suPAR levels in this general population. Diet and alcohol consumption also seemed to impact suPAR levels. Lifestyle changes are likely to affect suPAR since ex-smokers had suPAR levels comparable to those of never-smokers.
Vision Rehabilitation in Patients with Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Amore Filippo M. , Fortini Stefania , Silvestri Valeria , Sulfaro Marco , Pacifici Alessia , Turco Simona
Published: December 2014

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the rehabilitative process and visual rehabilitation outcomes in patients with central vision loss due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods

Ninety-five subjects with AMD selected from the attendees of the National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients—International Agency for Prevention of Blindness—IAPB Italia Onlus, were evaluated for this retrospective study. Low vision examination included psychological counseling, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), near visual acuity, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity, and fixation stability analysis. Once the clinical assessment was completed, patients attended a low-vision rehabilitative pathway based on visual stimulation, devices training and, if needed, psychological support. Required magnification and reading speed were also evaluated.

Results

For the whole sample, the mean BCVA of the better eye was 0.7 (±0.2) LogMAR and of the worse eye was 1 (±0.2) LogMAR. Restoring reading ability was the most important focus for the patients examined as it was requested by 85% of the whole sample. Mean power of optical magnifying aids for near activities was 10.6 (±9.1) positive spherical diopters. Mean reading speed for the whole sample was 33.1 (±18.2) words per minute (wpm) before visual rehabilitation sessions and increased to 55.2 (±33.1) wpm after visual rehabilitation path. To cope with distance difficulties, 78 distance refractive correction, 10 Galilean telescopes, and 7 Keplerian telescopes were prescribed. For intermediate distance activities, 22 compensation lenses and 10 Galilean telescopes were suggested. Moreover, PC magnifier softwares were prescribed to nine patients. Sixty-five polarized medical filters were prescribed to reduce glare of sunlight. Because of unstable fixation in their better eye (32.3% (±19.7) within 2° circle and 54.8% (±22.9) within 4° circle) and visual acuity < 1.2 LogMAR in the fellow eye, 38 subjects, before starting the devices training sessions, attended a bio-feedback rehabilitation session with flickering pattern stimulus. In these subjects, fixation stability increased significantly to 75.6 (±14.9) within 2° and 89.4 (±19.5) within 4° ( P < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusions

Attending a customized low-vision intervention based on a multidisciplinary approach seems to be effective for improving visual functions in AMD. Both optical/electronic magnifiers and specific visual stimulation program can enhance visual performances.
Economic Cost and Burden of Dengue in the Philippines
Authors: Edillo Frances E. , Halasa Yara A. , Largo Francisco M. , Erasmo Jonathan Neil V. , Amoin Naomi B. , Alera Maria Theresa P. , Yoon In-Kyu , Alcantara Arturo C. , Shepard Donald S.
Published: December 2014

Dengue, the world's most important mosquito-borne viral disease, is endemic in the Philippines. During 2008–2012, the country's Department of Health reported an annual average of 117,065 dengue cases, placing the country fourth in dengue burden in southeast Asia. This study estimates the country's annual number of dengue episodes and their economic cost. Our comparison of cases between active and passive surveillance in Punta Princesa, Cebu City yielded an expansion factor of 7.2, close to the predicted value (7.0) based on the country's health system. We estimated an annual average of 842,867 clinically diagnosed dengue cases, with direct medical costs (in 2012 US dollars) of $345 million ($3.26 per capita). This is 54% higher than an earlier estimate without Philippines-specific costs. Ambulatory settings treated 35% of cases (representing 10% of direct costs), whereas inpatient hospitals served 65% of cases (representing 90% of direct costs). The economic burden of dengue in the Philippines is substantial.
Bacteroides-Associated Pylephlebitis in a Patient with Strongyloidiasis
Authors: Stone Neil R. H. , Martin Thomas , Biswas Jason , Barrett Jessica , Hickish Tom , Dasgupta Dhruba , Newsholme William
Published: December 2014

Strongyloidiasis is associated with Gram-negative bacteremia. Septic portal vein thrombosis or pylephlebitis is a rare but serious complication of intra-abdominal infection, and it is often associated with Bacteroides bacteremia. We present the first report of pylephlebitis with Bacteroides bacteremia associated with underlying Strongyloides stercoralis infection and briefly review the management of septic portal vein thrombosis.
Insect-Specific Viruses Detected in Laboratory Mosquito Colonies and Their Potential Implications for Experiments Evaluating Arbovirus Vector Competence
Authors: Bolling Bethany G. , Vasilakis Nikos , Guzman Hilda , Widen Steven G. , Wood Thomas G. , Popov Vsevolod L. , Thangamani Saravanan , Tesh Robert B.
Published: December 2014

Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in the detection and characterization of insect-specific viruses in field-collected mosquitoes. Evidence suggests that these viruses are ubiquitous in nature and that many are maintained by vertical transmission in mosquito populations. Some studies suggest that the presence of insect-specific viruses may inhibit replication of a super-infecting arbovirus, thus altering vector competence of the mosquito host. Accordingly, we screened our laboratory mosquito colonies for insect-specific viruses. Pools of colony mosquitoes were homogenized and inoculated into cultures of Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells. The infected cells were examined by electron microscopy and deep sequencing was performed on RNA extracts. Electron micrograph images indicated the presence of three different viruses in three of our laboratory mosquito colonies. Potential implications of these findings for vector competence studies are discussed.
Malaria-Related Anemia in Patients from Unstable Transmission Areas in Colombia
Authors: Lopez-Perez Mary , Álvarez Álvaro , Gutierrez Juan B. , Moreno Alberto , Herrera Sócrates , Arévalo-Herrera Myriam
Published: December 2014

Information about the prevalence of malarial anemia in areas of low-malaria transmission intensity, like Latin America, is scarce. To characterize the malaria-related anemia, we evaluated 929 malaria patients from three sites in Colombia during 2011–2013. Plasmodium vivax was found to be the most prevalent species in Tierralta (92%), whereas P. falciparum was predominant in Tumaco (84%) and Quibdó (70%). Although severe anemia (hemoglobin < 7 g/dL) was almost absent (0.3%), variable degrees of non-severe anemia were observed in 36.9% of patients. In Tierralta, hemoglobin levels were negatively associated with days of illness. Moreover, in Tierralta and Quibdó, the number of previous malaria episodes and hemoglobin levels were positively associated. Both Plasmodium species seem to have similar potential to induce malarial anemia with distinct cofactors at each endemic setting. The target age in these low-transmission settings seems shifting toward adolescents and young adults. In addition, previous malaria experience seems to induce protection against anemia development. Altogether, these data suggest that early diagnosis and prompt treatment are likely preventing more frequent and serious malaria-related anemia in Colombia.
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Based Assay to Diagnose Giardia in Stool Samples
Authors: Crannell Zachary Austin , Cabada Miguel Mauricio , Castellanos-Gonzalez Alejandro , Irani Ayesha , White Arthur Clinton , Richards-Kortum Rebecca
Published: December 2014

Giardia duodenalis is one of the most commonly identified parasites in stool samples. Although relatively easy to treat, giardiasis can be difficult to detect as it presents similar to other diarrheal diseases. Here, we present a recombinase polymerase amplification-based Giardia (RPAG) assay to detect the presence of Giardia in stool samples. The RPAG assay was characterized on the bench top using stool samples spiked with Giardia cysts where it showed a limit-of-detection nearly as low as the gold standard polymerase chain reaction assay. The RPAG assay was then tested in the highlands of Peru on 104 stool samples collected from the surrounding communities where it showed 73% sensitivity and 95% specificity against a polymerase chain reaction and microscopy composite gold standard. Further improvements in clinical sensitivity will be needed for the RPAG assay to have clinical relevance.
Transnasal Endoscopic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Repair: Our Experience of 35 Cases
Authors: Grover Mohnish , Singhal Pawan , Singh Shashank Nath , Sharma Man Prakash , Jain Avani
Published: December 2014

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea results from a breakdown of barriers between the subarachnoid space and aerodigestive tract. Because of the risk of potential intracranial complications, all persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks should be repaired. Over the past few decades, with the advances in endoscopic techniques, the surgical management of CSF rhinorrhea has changed significantly. CSF leak repair has advanced from the conventional open intracranial approaches by neurosurgeons to the transnasal endoscopic ones by otorhinolaryngologists. In this study, 35 patients with CSF leaks underwent endoscopic repair with a 94.3% first attempt success rate, and 100% overall success rate. There were no major intraoperative or postoperative complications. To conclude, the endoscopic approach has a high success rate with minimal morbidity and has therefore, become the preferred method.

How to cite this article

Jain A, Singhal P, Sharma MP, Singh SN, Grover M. Transnasal Endoscopic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Repair: Our Experience of 35 Cases. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):47-51.
Two Rhinoliths in a Single Nasal Cavity in an Elderly Patient Mimicking Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Prasad Vishal , Srinivas Chandrakala , Krishnappa Sheetal , Rao Suresh T Narayan , Rajanna Harshitha T
Published: December 2014

Objective

To highlight an interesting and a rare case of two rhinoliths in a single nasal cavity of an elderly male patient, mimicking fungal sinusitis or malignancy.

To emphasize that rhinolith has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral nasal mass even in the elderly.

Case report

A 55-year-old man presented with a right-sided nasal obstruction, foul-smelling nasal discharge and a mass in the right nasal cavity of 6 months duration. Endoscopic examination revealed a gritty, blackish brown mass filling the entire right nasal cavity. A clinical differential diagnosis of malignancy or fungal sinusitis was made. CT scan of paranasal sinus was suggestive of fungal sinusitis following which patient was posted for biopsy. Intraoperatively, patient was found to have two separate masses in the right nasal cavity which were removed. We found a septal perforation adjoining the area where the rhinolith was impacted, with septum pushed laterally and adherent to middle turbinate. However, there were no features suggestive of malignancy. Histopathological examination also ruled out malignancy and confirmed a vegetable foreign body with calcification around an acellular material.

Conclusion

Rhinolith, though rare should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral nasal mass in the elderly.

How to cite this article

Prasad V, Srinivas C, Krishnappa S, Rao STN, Rajanna HT. Two Rhinoliths in a single nasal Cavity in an Elderly Patient Mimicking fungal sinusitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):76-79.
Daily global fire radiative power fields estimation from one or two MODIS instruments
Authors: Remy S. , Kaiser J. W.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Fires are important emitters of aerosol and trace gases and as such need to be taken into account in any atmospheric composition modelling enterprise. One method to estimate these emissions is to convert fire radiative power (FRP) analysis into dry matter burnt and emissions of smoke constituents using land-cover-dependent conversion factors. Inventories like the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) follow this approach by calculating daily global smoke emissions from FRP observed by the MODIS instruments onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Observations with different overpass times systematically sample fires at different stages in the strong diurnal fire cycle. For some time periods, observations are available from only one instrument, which leads to a bias in the observed average FRP. We develop a method to correct this bias in daily FRP observations from any low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite, so that the budget of daily smoke emissions remains independent of the number of satellites from which FRP observations are taken into account. This ensures the possibility of running, for example, GFAS in case of failure of one of the MODIS instruments. It also enables the extension GFAS to 2000–2002 and the inclusion of FRP observations from upcoming satellite missions. The correction combines linear and non-linear regressions and uses an adaptive regionalization algorithm. It decreases the bias in daily average FRP from Terra and Aqua by more than 95%, and RMSE by 75% for Aqua and 55% for Terra. The correction algorithm is applied to Terra observations from 25 February 2000 to 31 December 2002, when Aqua observations were not available. The database of fire emissions GFASv1.0 is extended correspondingly.
Mesoscale modeling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in China Jing–Jin–Ji and its near surrounding region – Part 1: Aerosol distributions and meteorological features
Authors: Wang H. , Xue M. , Zhang X. Y. , Liu H. L. , Zhou C. H. , Tan S. C. , Che H. Z. , Chen B. , Li T.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The urbanized region of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei – often shortened to Jing–Jin–Ji and referred to as the 3JNS region in this paper – and its near surrounding region is becoming China's most polluted area by haze, exceeding even the Yangtze and Pearl river deltas. Aside from pollutant emission, the meteorology of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the most important factor affecting haze pollution. Focusing on July 2008, the aerosol optical properties and PBL meteorology features closely related with haze formation were simulated in 3JNS region using an online atmospheric chemical transport model. The relationship between regional PBL meteorology, PM2.5, and haze is discussed. Model results accurately simulated the aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (ASY), validate by comparison with observations from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the China Aerosol Remote Sensing NETwork (CARSNET) and the Aerosol Robotic NETwork (AERONET). Modeled PBL wind speeds showed reasonable agreement with those from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 2. A monthly mean AOD value as high as 1.2 was found from both model and observations, with a daily mean larger than 2.0 during haze episodes in the 3JNS Region. Modeled and observed SSA values of 0.9–0.96 and ASY values of 0.72–0.74 demonstrated the high scattering characteristic of summer aerosols in this region. PBL wind speeds from modeled and NCEP data both showed a reversing trend of PM2.5 variation, illustrating the importance of the "PBL window shadow" on haze formation. Turbulence diffusion and PBL height showed had opposite phases to surface PM2.5, indicating that lower PBL height and weaker PBL turbulence diffusion are essential to haze formation. It is noted that homogeneous air pressure does not occur at the surface but at an 85–950 hPa height during the haze episode. The momentum transmitting downward of the cold air from above the PBL to the low PBL and surface lead to an increase in surface wind speeds and haze dispersal.
Particulate emissions from residential wood combustion in Europe – revised estimates and an evaluation
Authors: Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Bergström R. , Fountoukis C. , Johansson C. , Pandis S. N. , Simpson D. , Visschedijk A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Currently residential wood combustion (RWC) is increasing in Europe because of rising fossil fuel prices but also due to climate change mitigation policies. However, especially in small-scale applications, RWC may cause high emissions of particulate matter (PM). Recently we have developed a new high-resolution (7 km × 7 km) anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosol emission inventory for Europe. The inventory indicated that about half of the total PM2.5 emission in Europe is carbonaceous aerosol and identified RWC as the largest organic aerosol (OA) source in Europe. The inventory was partly based on national reported PM emissions. Use of this OA inventory as input for two Chemical Transport Models (CTMs), PMCAMx and EMEP MSC-W, revealed major underestimations of OA in winter time, especially for regions dominated by RWC. Interestingly, this was not universal but appeared to differ by country. In the present study we constructed a new bottom-up emission inventory for RWC accounting for the semi-volatile components of the emissions. The new RWC emissions are higher than those in the previous inventory by a factor of 2–3 but with substantial inter-country variation. The new emission inventory served as input for the CTMs and a substantially improved agreement between measured and predicted organic aerosol was found. The new RWC inventory improves the model calculated OA significantly. Comparisons to Scandinavian source apportionment studies also indicate substantial improvements in the modeled wood-burning component of OA. This suggests that primary organic aerosol emission inventories need to be revised to include the semi-volatile OA that is formed almost instantaneously due to cooling of the flue gas or exhaust. Since RWC is a key source of fine PM in Europe, a major revision of the emission estimates as proposed here is likely to influence source-receptor matrices and modelled source apportionment. Since usage of biofuels, such as wood, in small combustion units is a globally significant source, this insight may also dramatically change global estimates of organic aerosol emissions.
Multi-factor controls on terrestrial carbon dynamics in urbanized areas
Authors: Zhang C. , Tian H. , Pan S. , Lockaby G. , Chappelka A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. As urban land expands rapidly across the globe, much concern has been raised that urbanization may alter the terrestrial carbon cycle. Urbanization involves complex changes in land structure and multiple environmental factors. Little is known about the relative contribution of these individual factors and their interactions to the terrestrial carbon dynamics, however, which is essential for assessing the effectiveness of carbon sequestration policies focusing on urban development. This study developed a comprehensive analysis framework for quantifying relative contribution of individual factors (and their interactions) to terrestrial carbon dynamics in urbanized areas. We identified 15 factors belonging to five categories, and we applied a newly developed factorial analysis scheme to the southern United States (SUS), a rapidly urbanizing region. In all, 24 numeric experiments were designed to systematically isolate and quantify the relative contribution of individual factors. We found that the impact of land conversion was far larger than other factors. Urban managements and the overall interactive effects among major factors, however, created a carbon sink that compensated for 42% of the carbon loss in land conversion. Our findings provide valuable information for regional carbon management in the SUS: (1) it is preferable to preserve pre-urban carbon pools than to rely on the carbon sinks in urban ecosystems to compensate for the carbon loss in land conversion. (2) In forested areas, it is recommendable to improve landscape design (e.g., by arranging green spaces close to the city center) to maximize the urbanization-induced environmental change effect on carbon sequestration. Urbanization-induced environmental change will be less effective in shrubland regions. (3) Urban carbon sequestration can be significantly improved through changes in management practices, such as increased irrigation and fertilizer and targeted use of vehicles and machinery with least-associated carbon emissions.
Drivers of trophic amplification of ocean productivity trends in a changing climate
Authors: Stock C. A. , Dunne J. P. , John J. G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Pronounced projected 21st century trends in regional oceanic net primary production (NPP) raise the prospect of significant redistributions of marine resources. Recent results further suggest that NPP changes may be amplified at higher trophic levels. Here, we elucidate the role of planktonic food web dynamics in driving projected changes in mesozooplankton production (MESOZP) found to be, on average, twice as large as projected changes in NPP by the latter half of the 21st century under a high emissions scenario in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's ESM2M–COBALT (Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Lower Trophics) earth system model. Globally, MESOZP was projected to decline by 7.9% but regional MESOZP changes sometimes exceeded 50%. Changes in three planktonic food web properties – zooplankton growth efficiency (ZGE), the trophic level of mesozooplankton (MESOTL), and the fraction of NPP consumed by zooplankton (zooplankton–phytoplankton coupling, ZPC), explain the projected amplification. Zooplankton growth efficiencies (ZGE) changed with NPP, amplifying both NPP increases and decreases. Negative amplification (i.e., exacerbation) of projected subtropical NPP declines via this mechanism was particularly strong since consumers in the subtropics have limited surplus energy above basal metabolic costs. Increased mesozooplankton trophic level (MESOTL) resulted from projected declines in large phytoplankton production. This further amplified negative subtropical NPP declines but was secondary to ZGE and, at higher latitudes, was often offset by increased ZPC. Marked ZPC increases were projected for high-latitude regions experiencing shoaling of deep winter mixing or decreased winter sea ice – both tending to increase winter zooplankton biomass and enhance grazer control of spring blooms. Increased ZPC amplified projected NPP increases in the Arctic and damped projected NPP declines in the northwestern Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Improved understanding of the physical and biological interactions governing ZGE, MESOTL and ZPC is needed to further refine estimates of climate-driven productivity changes across trophic levels.
Northern Hemisphere storminess in the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1-M)
Authors: Knudsen E. M. , Walsh J. E.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Metrics of storm activity in Northern Hemisphere high- and midlatitudes are evaluated from historical output and future projections by the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1-M) coupled global climate model. The European Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim) and the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4), a global climate model of the same vintage as NorESM1-M, provide benchmarks for comparison. The focus is on the autumn and early winter (September through December), the period when the ongoing and projected Arctic sea ice retreat is greatest. Storm tracks derived from a vorticity-based algorithm for storm identification are reproduced well by NorESM1-M, although the tracks are somewhat better resolved in the higher-resolution ERA-Interim and CCSM4. The tracks are projected to shift polewards in the future as climate changes under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) forcing scenarios. Cyclones are projected to become generally more intense in the high-latitudes, especially over the Alaskan region, although in some other areas the intensity is projected to decrease. While projected changes in track density are less coherent, there is a general tendency towards less frequent storms in midlatitudes and more frequent storms in high-latitudes, especially the Baffin Bay/Davis Strait region. Autumn precipitation is projected to increase significantly across the entire high-latitudes. Together with the projected increases in storm intensity and sea level and the loss of sea ice, this increase in precipitation implies a greater vulnerability to coastal flooding and erosion, especially in the Alaskan region. The projected changes in storm intensity and precipitation (as well as sea ice and sea level pressure) scale generally linearly with the RCP value of the forcing and with time through the 21st century.