bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser Survey Tool and Survey Methodology for Direct Architectural Cad Software Connection
Authors: Máder Patrik Márk , Szilágyi Dorottya , Rák Olivér , Háber István Ervin
Published: January 2021

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been the fastest growing methodology in architectural design, construction, preliminary works and in several other engineering activities in the past few years. It is mostly implemented in the fields of design, construction and building operation, however, there are still unexploited possibilities in further areas – such as building surveys. Many tools are available today to produce detailed and accurate 3D survey data, but specialists and custom software usually have to be involved in the process. Transforming this information into BIM models is also a time-consuming task, as their direct architectural design software integration is limited. The following article introduces a possible solution in order to improve communication and the modeling process.
Design of a Fabric Winding Up Unit
Authors: Márton László , Szigeti Ferenc , Dezső Gergely
Published: January 2021

For air-spring production the fabric winding is what prepares the semi-finished materials. The rubber body, that we called the membrane is made from using several layers of fabric and rubber. Building together these layers defines the mechanical properties. During the winding up, we prepare the cut rubber or fabric layers in rolls. Quality of rolling and the performance to make the semi-finished material, depend on the machine which is used for the winding. To satisfy the higher production capacity it was necessary to create a modern construction using automated systems. To assure the ergonomic expectations was a main viewpoint too. My thesis main goal is to explain, in detail, my design and to prove the device structural solutions using finite element analysis.
Solving Extended Project Scheduling Problems
Authors: Mihály Krisztián , Kulcsár Gyula
Published: January 2021

Project based planning and execution is used in various phases of a product lifecycle, starting from the conceptual idea and design through to the manufacturing and maintenance. It is common, that an enterprise or an organization executes more than one project in parallel. These projects may share the same resources and may have differing goals. Based on experience the order of task execution is a key factor, having a major impact on the key performance indicators. Our paper presents an extended model and a scheduling method for resource constrained project scheduling problems.
Study of a Synchronization System for Distributed Inverters Conceived for FPGA Devices
Authors: Saccenti Leonardo , Bianchi Valentina , De Munari Ilaria
Published: January 2021

In a multiple parallel-connected inverters system, limiting the circulating current phenomenon is mandatory since it may influence efficiency and reliability. In this paper, a new control method aimed at this purpose and conceived to be implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device is presented. Each of the inverters, connected in parallel, is conceived to be equipped with an FPGA that controls the Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) waveform without intercommunication with the others. The hardware implemented is the same for every inverter; therefore, the addition of a new module does not require redesign, enhancing system modularity. The system has been simulated in a Simulink environment. To study its behavior and to improve the control method, simulations with two parallel-connected inverters have been firstly conducted, then additional simulations have been performed with increasing complexity to demonstrate the quality of the algorithm. The results prove the ability of the method proposed to limit the circulating currents to negligible values.
Perceived Barriers and Facilitators for Bedtime Routines in Families with Young Children
Authors: Kitsaras George , Goodwin Michaela , Kelly Michael , Pretty Iain , Allan Julia
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Bedtime routines are a highly recurrent family activity with important health, social and behavioural implications. This study examined perceived barriers to, and facilitators of, formulating, establishing, and maintaining optimal bedtime routines in families with young children. Design: Participants completed a semi-structured interview based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Analysis followed a deductive approach. Participants: A total of 32 parents participated in the study. Most participants (N = 30) were females, were white (N = 25) and stay at home parents (N = 12). Results: Key barriers included lack of appropriate knowledge and sources of information, problematic skills development, social influences, cognitive overload, and lack of motivation for change. Facilitators included social role, access to resources, positive intentions, beliefs about consequences and reinforcement. In particular, optimal bedtime routines were less likely to be enacted when parents were tired/fatigued and there was a strong effect of habit, with suboptimal routines maintained over time due to past experiences and a lack of awareness about the importance of a good bedtime routine. Conclusions: Several theory-based, and potentially modifiable, determinants of optimal bedtime routines were identified in this study, providing important information for future interventions. Several of the key determinants identified were transient (tiredness) and/or non-conscious (habit), suggesting that future interventions may need to be deployed in real time, and should extend beyond conventional techniques.
Optimization of an Industrial Sector Regulated by an International Treaty. The Case for Transportation of Perishable Foodstuff
Authors: Martínez-Val Juan P. , Ramos Alberto
Published: January 2021

Transportation of perishable foodstuff is an engineering and commercial activity ruled by an international Agreement (the ATP) that needs an updated regulation. Before addressing such updating, some analyses are required about the physics of the problem, in order to identify the optimum use of the available technologies and the advantages represented by new methodologies that could be enabled soon. It is worth pointing out that manufacturers of ATP equipment follow quite closely the prescriptions given by this Agreement. So, optimizing those prescriptions will generate a general optimization trend in this sector. In this paper, a coherent analysis on these subjects is presented, and a new coefficient is proposed for qualifying ATP units, and some new tests are also proposed for measuring that coefficient in an efficient and inexpensive way. These goals are justified in this paper as a contribution from basic physics to a particular domain of Thermal Engineering. The paper is intended to be a bridge from Science to Technology, which is a must to get optimum results in exploiting technical knowledge.
Effects of Future Information and Trajectory Complexity on Kinematic Signal and Muscle Activation during Visual-Motor Tracking
Authors: Deng Linchuan , Luo Jie , Lyu Yueling , Song Rong
Published: January 2021

Visual-motor tracking movement is a common and essential behavior in daily life. However, the contribution of future information to visual-motor tracking performance is not well understood in current research. In this study, the visual-motor tracking performance with and without future-trajectories was compared. Meanwhile, three task demands were designed to investigate their impact. Eighteen healthy young participants were recruited and instructed to track a target on a screen by stretching/flexing their elbow joint. The kinematic signals (elbow joint angle) and surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of biceps and triceps were recorded. The normalized integrated jerk (NIJ) and fuzzy approximate entropy (fApEn) of the joint trajectories, as well as the multiscale fuzzy approximate entropy (MSfApEn) values of the EMG signals, were calculated. Accordingly, the NIJ values with the future-trajectory were significantly lower than those without future-trajectory (p-value < 0.01). The smoother movement with future-trajectories might be related to the increasing reliance of feedforward control. When the task demands increased, the fApEn values of joint trajectories increased significantly, as well as the MSfApEn of EMG signals (p-value < 0.05). These findings enrich our understanding about visual-motor control with future information.
Instantaneous Pre-Fire Biomass and Fuel Load Measurements from Multi-Spectral UAS Mapping in Southern African Savannas
Authors: Eames Tom , Russell-Smith Jeremy , Yates Cameron , Edwards Andrew , Vernooij Roland , Ribeiro Natasha , Steinbruch Franziska , van der Werf Guido R.
Published: January 2021

Landscape fires are substantial sources of (greenhouse) gases and aerosols. Fires in savanna landscapes represent more than half of global fire carbon emissions. Quantifying emissions from fires relies on accurate burned area, fuel load and burning efficiency data. Of these, fuel load remains the source of the largest uncertainty. In this study, we used high spatial resolution images from an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) mounted multispectral camera, in combination with meteorological data from the ERA-5 land dataset, to model instantaneous pre-fire above-ground biomass. We constrained our model with ground measurements taken in two locations in savanna-dominated regions in Southern Africa, one low-rainfall region (660 mm year−1) in the North-West District (Ngamiland), Botswana, and one high-rainfall region (940 mm year−1) in Niassa Province (northern Mozambique). We found that for fine surface fuel classes (live grass and dead plant litter), the model was able to reproduce measured Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) (R2 of 0.91 and 0.77 for live grass and total fine fuel, respectively) across both low and high rainfall areas. The model was less successful in representing other classes, e.g., woody debris, but in the regions considered, these are less relevant to biomass burning and make smaller contributions to total AGB.
The Importance of Advancing Research on Aging and Driving
Authors: Murphy Samantha A. , Babulal Ganesh M. , Roe Catherine M.
Published: January 2021

Between 2009 and 2018, the number of older adults (i [...]
Real and Promoted Aesthetic Properties of Geosites: New Empirical Evidence from SW Russia
Authors: Ruban Dmitry A. , Yashalova Natalia N.
Published: January 2021

Aesthetic properties of natural heritage objects are determined by their physical properties. Online promotion of these objects to potential tourists requires adequate representation of these properties on web pages. The Shum waterfall is a small, but notable and tourism-important geosite of southwestern Russia. Its real aesthetic properties were examined in the field, and 20 web pages devoted to local tourism were examined to judge its promoted aesthetic properties. Eleven criteria of the common tourists’ judgments of beauty were used for this purpose. A significant discrepancy between the real and promoted properties is found. Particularly, the web pages exaggerate the scale of the waterfall and do not mention crowds of tourists. This may cause disappointment of the latter. The findings of the present study allow for making several practical recommendations for more efficient promotion of the Shum waterfall, as well as providing general advice to the geotourism industry.
Review and New Evidence on the Molluscan Purple Pigment Used in the Early Late Bronze Age Aegean Wall Paintings
Authors: Sotiropoulou Sophia , Karapanagiotis Ioannis , Andrikopoulos Konstantinos S. , Marketou Toula , Birtacha Kiki , Marthari Marisa
Published: January 2021

The production and use of the pigment extracted from the murex molluscs is discussed here in association with the purple textile dyeing industry in the Prehistoric Aegean. “True” purple has been identified in a number of archaeological finds dating from the early Late Bronze Age, found in old and recent excavations at three different but contemporary sites: Akrotiri and Raos on Thera, and Trianda on Rhodes. The chemical composition of the shellfish purple pigment either found in lump form or applied on wall paintings is discussed in relation to the archaeological context of several examined finds and with reference to Pliny’s purpurissum. The results of a comprehensive methodology combining new data obtained with molecular spectroscopies (microRaman and FTIR) and already reported data obtained with high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) applied to samples of the murex purple finds are discussed in comparison to published data relating to few other instances of analytically proven murex purple pigment found in the Aegean over the timespan of its documented exploitation.
Evaluation of Single-Lap and Block Shear Test Methods in Adhesively Bonded Composite Joints
Authors: Redmann Alec , Damodaran Vinay , Tischer Felix , Prabhakar Pavana , Osswald Tim A.
Published: January 2021

Adhesive bonding is increasingly being used for composite structures, especially in aerospace and automotive industries. One common joint configuration used to test adhesive strength is the single-lap shear joint, which has been widely studied and shown to produce significant normal (peeling) stresses. When bonding composite structures, the normal stresses are capable of causing delamination before the adhesive bond fails, providing inconclusive engineering data regarding the bonding strength. An alternative test is the block shear joint, which uses a shorter sample geometry and a compressive-shear loading to reduce normal stresses. Analytical models proposed by Goland and Reissner and Hart-Smith are used to compare the edge-bending moment for the two joint configurations. The stress distributions along the bondline are also compared using finite element analysis. Experimental tests are conducted to evaluate these analyses and the failure modes of each configuration are recorded. Block shear samples demonstrate a joint strength over 100% higher than single-lap shear specimen bonded with the same adhesive material. The lower joint strength measured in single-lap shear is found to be potentially misleading due to delamination of the composite adherend.
On the Tidal Prism: The Roles of Basin Extension, Bottom Friction and Inlet Cross-Section
Authors: Petti Marco , Pascolo Sara , Bosa Silvia , Busetto Nadia
Published: January 2021

The prism of the Lignano tidal inlet was approximately constant over the last forty years, although the section width has halved. This has led to questions concerning the factors that most influence the tidal prism, and on the applicability of the well-known A–P relationship. A conceptual scheme of the sea–channel–lagoon system has been used to perform a sensitivity analysis of different parameters that characterize both the basin and the inlet cross-section. A 2D hydrodynamic model has been applied to evaluate the prism and compare it to the one derived by a static method, which is the basis of the analytical derivation of the A–P linkage. Three regimes have been found in the prism variability as a function of the basin extension: a linear static regime between prism and basin area; an asymptotic regime in which the prism depends only on the basin bottom friction; and an intermediate one. In addition, the roles of the inlet and channel sizes on the prism value have been investigated. The results, compared to the empirical relationships between the prism and the inlet cross-section, show that a variation in the cross-sectional area does not always corresponds to a change in tidal prism.
Univariate Theory of Functional Connections Applied to Component Constraints
Authors: Mortari Daniele , Furfaro Roberto
Published: January 2021

This work presents a methodology to derive analytical functionals, with embedded linear constraints among the components of a vector (e.g., coordinates) that is a function a single variable (e.g., time). This work prepares the background necessary for the indirect solution of optimal control problems via the application of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The methodology presented is part of the univariate Theory of Functional Connections that has been developed to solve constrained optimization problems. To increase the clarity and practical aspects of the proposed method, the work is mostly presented via examples of applications rather than via rigorous mathematical definitions and proofs.
RNA Interference by Cyanobacterial Feeding Demonstrates the SCSG1 Gene Is Essential for Ciliogenesis during Oral Apparatus Regeneration in Stentor
Authors: Wei Wei , Jiang Chuanqi , Chai Xiaocui , Zhang Juyuan , Zhang Cheng-Cai , Miao Wei , Xiong Jie
Published: January 2021

In the giant ciliate Stentor coeruleus, oral apparatus (OA) regeneration is an experimentally tractable regeneration paradigm that occurs via a series of morphological steps. OA regeneration is thought to be driven by a complex regulatory system that orchestrates the temporal expression of conserved and specific genes. We previously identified a S. coeruleus-specific gene (named SCSG1) that was significantly upregulated during the ciliogenesis stages of OA regeneration, with an expression peak at the stage of the first OA cilia appearance. We established a novel RNA interference (RNAi) method through cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 feeding in S. coeruleus. The expression of SCSG1 gene was significantly knocked down by using this method and induced abnormal ciliogenesis of OA regeneration in S. coeruleus, suggesting that SCSG1 is essential for OA regeneration in S. coeruleus. This novel RNAi method by cyanobacterial feeding has potential utility for studying other ciliates.
The Impact of Diversified Farming Practices on Terrestrial Biodiversity Outcomes and Agricultural Yield Worldwide: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Sánchez Andrea C. , Estrada-Carmona Natalia , Juventia Stella D. , Jones Sarah K.
Published: January 2021

The expansion and intensification of agriculture have led to global declines in biodiversity. This paper presents a systematic review protocol to clarify under what management and landscape contexts diversified farming practices are effective at improving outcomes for terrestrial biodiversity, and potential trade-offs or synergies with agricultural yields. The systematic review will be developed following the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES). The review will include articles that compare levels of diversity (e.g., abundance, richness, Shannon’s diversity index) of any terrestrial taxon (e.g., arthropods, mammals) in diversified farming systems to levels in simplified farming systems and/or natural habitats, prioritising articles that also report agricultural yields. We will search for relevant peer-reviewed primary studies in two global repositories: Scopus and Web of Science, and among primary studies included in previous meta-analyses that are retrieved from the search. Full-texts of identified articles will be screened using a clear inclusion/exclusion eligibility criteria. All included articles will be assessed to determine their internal validity. A narrative synthesis will be performed to summarize, describe and present the results, and where the articles provide sufficient and appropriate data, we will conduct a quantitative meta-analysis.
Human Enhancements and Voting: Towards a Declaration of Rights and Responsibilities of Beings
Authors: Blodgett-Ford S. J.
Published: January 2021

The phenomenon and ethics of “voting” will be explored in the context of human enhancements. “Voting” will be examined for enhanced humans with moderate and extreme enhancements. Existing patterns of discrimination in voting around the globe could continue substantially “as is” for those with moderate enhancements. For extreme enhancements, voting rights could be challenged if the very humanity of the enhanced was in doubt. Humans who were not enhanced could also be disenfranchised if certain enhancements become prevalent. Voting will be examined using a theory of engagement articulated by Professor Sophie Loidolt that emphasizes the importance of legitimization and justification by “facing the appeal of the other” to determine what is “right” from a phenomenological first-person perspective. Seeking inspiration from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948, voting rights and responsibilities will be re-framed from a foundational working hypothesis that all enhanced and non-enhanced humans should have a right to vote directly. Representative voting will be considered as an admittedly imperfect alternative or additional option. The framework in which voting occurs, as well as the processes, temporal cadence, and role of voting, requires the participation from as diverse a group of humans as possible. Voting rights delivered by fiat to enhanced or non-enhanced humans who were excluded from participation in the design and ratification of the governance structure is not legitimate. Applying and extending Loidolt’s framework, we must recognize the urgency that demands the impossible, with openness to that universality in progress (or universality to come) that keeps being constituted from the outside.
A Pulse-Multiplication Proposal for MIRACLES, the Neutron TOF-Backscattering Instrument at the European Spallation Source
Authors: Villacorta Félix J. , Bordallo Heloisa N. , Arai Masatoshi
Published: January 2021

The fixed-energy window scan approach, for both elastic and inelastic modes, is a valuable tool to discriminate between motions activated when dynamical phase transitions occur in a sample as a function of time, temperature, pressure, electrical field or illumination. Considering that, on one hand, such variations can generate a weak signal, and on the other, high data throughput makes it possible to screen many samples during a beam time, pulse multiplication is an ideal strategy to optimize the intensity of the analyzed signal. To ensure this capability, a proposal for a future upgrade of MIRACLES, the neutron time-of-flight backscattering spectrometer at the European Spallation Source (ESS) under construction in Lund, is reported in this article. The concept for a new chopper layout relies on the extraction of several elastic pulses, ensuring an increase in the neutron total elastic intensity hitting the sample. This proposal can be extended to the inelastic counterpart. The premise is to maintain the original beamline layout without modification, either of the guide sections or of the current chopper layout of MIRACLES, thereby guaranteeing that minimal changes and impact will occur during the proposed upgrade. However, this also presents a significant challenge, namely, to achieve an efficient pulse multiplication within the width and the length of the guide and within the rising/decay time of the pulses. With the concept presented here, an increase in elastic intensity by a factor of 2.8 was obtained. This is analogous to performing elastic fixed window (EFW) measurements with an ESS source operating at 14 MW, widening considerably the performance capabilities of MIRACLES. The knowledge generated here is also valuable for the design of scientific instruments for the next generation of low-energy, accelerator-driven neutron sources.
Automatic Joining of Electrical Components to Smart Textiles by Ultrasonic Soldering
Authors: Micus Sebastian , Haupt Michael , Gresser Götz T.
Published: January 2021

A suitable connection method to automatically produce E-textiles does not exist. Ultrasonic soldering could be a good solution for that since it works with flux-free solder, which avoids embrittlement of the textile integrated wires. This article describes the detailed process of robot-assisted ultrasonic soldering of e-textiles to printed circuit boards (PCB). The aim is to understand the influencing factors affecting the connection and to determine the corresponding solder parameters. Various test methods are used to evaluate the samples, such as direct optical observation of the microstructure, a peeling tensile test, and a contact resistance measurement. The contact strength increases by reducing the operating temperature and the ultrasonic time. The lower operating temperature and the reduced ultrasonic time cause a more homogeneous metal structure with less defects improving the mechanical strength of the samples.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Hydraulic Piston Pump Based on Wavelet Analysis and Improved AlexNet
Authors: Zhu Yong , Li Guangpeng , Wang Rui , Tang Shengnan , Su Hong , Cao Kai
Published: January 2021

Hydraulic piston pump is the heart of hydraulic transmission system. On account of the limitations of traditional fault diagnosis in the dependence on expert experience knowledge and the extraction of fault features, it is of great meaning to explore the intelligent diagnosis methods of hydraulic piston pump. Motivated by deep learning theory, a novel intelligent fault diagnosis method for hydraulic piston pump is proposed via combining wavelet analysis with improved convolutional neural network (CNN). Compared with the classic AlexNet, the proposed method decreases the number of parameters and computational complexity by means of modifying the structure of network. The constructed model fully integrates the ability of wavelet analysis in feature extraction and the ability of CNN in deep learning. The proposed method is employed to extract the fault features from the measured vibration signals of the piston pump and realize the fault classification. The fault data are mainly from five different health states: central spring failure, sliding slipper wear, swash plate wear, loose slipper, and normal state, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can extract the characteristics of the vibration signals of the piston pump in multiple states, and effectively realize intelligent fault recognition. To further demonstrate the recognition property of the proposed model, different CNN models are used for comparisons, involving standard LeNet-5, improved 2D LeNet-5, and standard AlexNet. Compared with the models for contrastive analysis, the proposed method has the highest recognition accuracy, and the proposed model is more robust.
Electrogastrography in Autonomous Vehicles—An Objective Method for Assessment of Motion Sickness in Simulated Driving Environments
Authors: Gruden Timotej , Popović Nenad B. , Stojmenova Kristina , Jakus Grega , Miljković Nadica , Tomažič Sašo , Sodnik Jaka
Published: January 2021

Autonomous vehicles are expected to take complete control of the driving process, enabling the former drivers to act as passengers only. This could lead to increased sickness as they can be engaged in tasks other than driving. Adopting different sickness mitigation techniques gives us unique types of motion sickness in autonomous vehicles to be studied. In this paper, we report on a study where we explored the possibilities of assessing motion sickness with electrogastrography (EGG), a non-invasive method used to measure the myoelectric activity of the stomach, and its potential usage in autonomous vehicles (AVs). The study was conducted in a high-fidelity driving simulator with a virtual reality (VR) headset. There separate EGG measurements were performed: before, during and after the driving AV simulation video in VR. During the driving, the participants encountered two driving environments: a straight and less dynamic highway road and a highly dynamic and curvy countryside road. The EGG signal was recorded with a proprietary 3-channel recording device and Ag/AgCl cutaneous electrodes. In addition, participants were asked to signalize whenever they felt uncomfortable and nauseated by pressing a special button. After the drive they completed also the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and reported on their overall subjective perception of sickness symptoms. The EGG results showed a significant increase of the dominant frequency (DF) and the percentage of the high power spectrum density (FSD) as well as a significant decrease of the power spectrum density Crest factor (CF) during the AV simulation. The vast majority of participants reported nausea during more dynamic conditions, accompanied by an increase in the amplitude and the RMS value of EGG. Reported nausea occurred simultaneously with the increase in EGG amplitude. Based on the results, we conclude that EGG could be used for assessment of motion sickness in autonomous vehicles. DF, CF and FSD can be used as overall sickness indicators, while the relative increase in amplitude of EGG signal and duration of that increase can be used as short-term sickness indicators where the driving environment may affect the driver.
Hybrid Cyber Petri net Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of Master-Slave Charging for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks
Authors: Qin Huaiyu , Zhao Buhui , Xu Leijun , Bai Xue
Published: January 2021

Wireless charging provides continuous energy for wireless sensor networks. However, it is difficult to replenish enough energy for all sensor nodes with fixed charging alone, and even more unrealistic to charge a large number of nodes within a short time via mobile charging. In order to overcome the above weaknesses, this paper firstly puts forward a Master-Slave Charging mode for the WRSN (Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network), where fixed charging is the master mode and mobile charging is the slave mode, respectively. However, Master-Slave Charging is a typical hybrid system involving discrete event decision and continuous energy transfer. Therefore, the Hybrid Cyber Petri net system is proposed to build a visual specification with mathematical expression of Master-Slave Charging. Moreover, wireless charging in the WRSN is modeled and evaluated from the perspective of a hybrid system for the first time. Furthermore, a greedy-genetic algorithm is proposed to obtain the deployment of fixed chargers and the path planning of a mobile charger, by maximizing the actual electric quantity of the master charging problem and minimizing the mobile charger’s travelling path of the slave charging problem. Finally, the simulation results confirm and verify the Hybrid Cyber Petri net model for Master-Slave Charging. It is worth noting that the proposed model in this paper is highly adaptable to various charging modes in the WRSN.
A Novel Charging Method for Underwater Batteryless Sensor Node Networks
Authors: Santana Abril Judith , Santana Sosa Graciela , Sosa Javier , Bautista Tomas , Montiel-Nelson Juan A.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present a novel charging method for underwater batteryless sensor node networks. The target application is a practical underwater sensor network for oceanic fish farms. The underwater sections of the network use a wireless power transfer system based on the ISO 11784/11785 HDX standard for supplying energy to the batteryless sensor nodes. Each sensor has an accumulator capacitor, which is charged for voltage supplying to the sensor node. A new distributed charging scheme is proposed and discussed in detail to reduce the required time to charge all sensor nodes of the underwater sections. One important key is its decentralized control of the charging process. The proposal is based on the self disconnection ability of each sensor node from the charging network. The second important key is that the hardware implementation of this new feature is quite simple and only requires to include a minimal circuitry in parallel to the current sensor node antenna while the rest of the sensor network remains unaltered. The proposed charging scheme is evaluated using real corner cases from practical oceanic fish farms sensor networks. The results from experiments demonstrate that it is possible to charge up to 10 sensor nodes which is the double charging capability than previous research presented. In the same conditions as the approach found in the literature, it represents reaching an ocean depth of 60 m. In terms of energy, in case of an underwater network with 5 sensors to reach 30 m deep, the proposed charging scheme requires only a 25% of the power required using the traditional approach.
Detection of Road-Surface Anomalies Using a Smartphone Camera and Accelerometer
Authors: Lee Taehee , Chun Chanjun , Ryu Seung-Ki
Published: January 2021

Road surfaces should be maintained in excellent condition to ensure the safety of motorists. To this end, there exist various road-surface monitoring systems, each of which is known to have specific advantages and disadvantages. In this study, a smartphone-based dual-acquisition method system capable of acquiring images of road-surface anomalies and measuring the acceleration of the vehicle upon their detection was developed to explore the complementarity benefits of the two different methods. A road test was conducted in which 1896 road-surface images and corresponding three-axis acceleration data were acquired. All images were classified based on the presence and type of anomalies, and histograms of the maximum variations in the acceleration in the gravitational direction were comparatively analyzed. When the types of anomalies were not considered, it was difficult to identify their effects using the histograms. The differences among histograms became evident upon consideration of whether the vehicle wheels passed over the anomalies, and when excluding longitudinal anomalies that caused minor changes in acceleration. Although the image-based monitoring system used in this research provided poor performance on its own, the severity of road-surface anomalies was accurately inferred using the specific range of the maximum variation of acceleration in the gravitational direction.
Rotaphone-CY: The Newest Rotaphone Model Design and Preliminary Results from Performance Tests with Active Seismic Sources
Authors: Brokešová Johana , Málek Jiří , Vackář Jiří , Bernauer Felix , Wassermann Joachim , Igel Heiner
Published: January 2021

Rotaphone-CY is a six-component short-period seismograph that is capable of the co-located recording of three translational (ground velocity) components along three orthogonal axes and three rotational (rotation rate) components around the three axes in one device. It is a mechanical sensor system utilizing records from elemental sensors (geophones) arranged in parallel pairs to derive differential motions in the pairs. The pairs are attached to a rigid frame that is anchored to the ground. The model design, the latest one among various Rotaphone designs based on the same principle and presented elsewhere, is briefly introduced. The upgrades of the new model are a 32-bit A/D converter, a more precise placing of the geophones to parallel pairs and a better housing, which protects the instrument from external electromagnetic noise. The instrument is still in a developmental stage. It was tested in a field experiment that took place at the Geophysical Observatory in Fürstenfeldbruck (Germany) in November 2019. Four Rotaphones-CY underwent the huddle-testing phase of the experiment as well as the field-deployment phase, in which the instruments were installed in a small-aperture seismic array of a triangular shape. The preliminary results from this active-source experiment are shown. Rotaphone-CY data are verified, in part, by various approaches: mutual comparison of records from four independent Rotaphone-CY instruments, waveform matching according to rotation-to-translation relations, and comparison to array-derived rotations when applicable. The preliminary results are very promising and they suggest the good functionality of the Rotaphone-CY design. It has been proved that the present Rotaphone-CY model is a reliable instrument for measuring short-period seismic rotations of the amplitudes as small as 10−7 rad/s.
Finite Element Analysis of Size Effect for Forming-Limit Curves
Authors: Gál Viktor
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, finite element (FE) methods are widely used for the analysis of Body in White parts production. An FE software applies the forming-limit diagram to predict the failure of the sheet metal. There are many new materials for weight reduction; for these new materials, the determination of forming-limit curves (FLC) is important to studying formability issues. There are some cases where the available material for the measurements is not enough or due to some specific measurement parameter, the standard test specimen cannot be used. In these cases, the geometry of the test pieces and the testing equipment should be reduced. In this paper, the material card for DC05 (1.0312) steel was determined based on a tensile test and the Nakajima test. With the material card, simulations were performed to investigate the size effect of the hemispherical punch used for Nakajima forming method. Based on the simulations, the difference between the FLC-s (determined with different equipment) was found to be negligible.
Investigation of the Effect of Process Parameters on the Break of Laser-welded Drill Bits
Authors: Kenéz Attila Zsolt , Bagyinszki Gyula
Published: January 2021

The geometry and microstructure of the seam can be influenced by changing technological parameters such as laser power, welding speed, focus distance and shielding gas. In this research we examine the effect of laser power and focus distance on the quality of the breaking torque value while the welding speed and the shielding gas is unchanged. From the test results, we found that changing the defocus has no effect; a change in laser power affects ~15 %, while a change in welding position significantly affects the breaking torque.
Investigation of Composite Behaviour of Lath Martensite
Authors: Maróti János Endre , Szabó Péter János
Published: January 2021

It is very important for our research that we are able to examine the orientation of packets and their relationship to directions of stress that cause plastic deformation. We use electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to achieve this. EBSD examination requires very careful sample preparation. In our work we have developed a sample preparation method for electron bakcscatter diffraction examination. In this study we present the method, which consists of multistage mechanical grinding, polishing and ion polishing. Optimal parameters for each steps (eg.: grinding, polishing and sputtering time, milling angle) were determined for lath martensitic steel, however, it could be used for other type of steel with minor adjustments.
Damage Analysis of Broken Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Simon Ágota , Asztalos Lilla
Published: January 2021

Joint implants and fixings are subject to many stresses throughout their life cycle. Despite careful design, material selection, manufacturing technology and proper surgical technology, implant damage and, in extreme cases, fracture can occur. Investigation of injuries is important from the perspective of the patient, the care provider and the manufacturer, among other things, by exploring the cause of the fracture to prevent similar cases. In the present study we performed failure analysis of a hip implant and a bone fixation plate. Fracture surfaces, material composition, material structure and hardness were also investigated. Based on the work done, we determined what might have led to the fracture in both cases.
IMPROVEMENT OF NODE CONNECTIONS ON PULTRUSION FIBERGLASS GUSSET PLATES IN FRAME STRUCTURE
Authors: Aripov D. , Kuznecov I. , Salahutdinov M.
Published: January 2021

The design experience shows that special attention should be paid to node connections of structural elements. The introduction of new node connections requires the development of methods for their calculation taking into account the properties, structure and behavior of materials under various loading conditions. Various studies are devoted to node connections of elements from pultruded GFRP at right angles. Analysis of the technical literature shows that compounds with forces acting at an angle are poorly studied and require additional numerical and experimental studies. The structural form adopted for the study is a frame structure elements of which are adjacent to the belts at various angles. The article considers various types of node connections of pultruded GFRP elements in a frame structure. When calculating the node connection of pultruded GFRP elements the following material features are taking into account: nonlinearity of elastic deformations, uniformity and characteristics of each component separately. The paper presents a comparison of calculations by domestic and foreign techniques. It is established that taking into account the material features leads to material savings, while providing the required strength and deformability
ILLUMINATED CONCRETE USING ROCK CRUSHING WASTE
Authors: Suleymanova L. , Malyukova M. , Ryabchevskiy I. , Koryakina A. , Levshina D.
Published: January 2021

TLuminous products are obtained from architectural and decorative concrete using photoluminescent pigment, formed in various positions and any configuration that does not lose their architectural expressiveness over a long period of operation. The use of products with a glow effect provides increased safety at night and is an additional means of signaling on dangerous and worst-lit sections of roads, parking lots, bicycle paths. Optimally selected materials and the method of surface treatment of products provide decorativeness of small architectural forms in the daytime. The compositions of architectural and decorative concrete are designed and the influence of the quantitative content of photoluminescent pigment on the main physico-mechanical characteristics is evaluated. The rheological properties of cement suspensions and architectural and decorative concrete based on them are studied, and the decorativeness and luminescence of products with photoluminescent pigment are evaluated according to the methods developed by the authors. The resulting recommended composition of glowing architectural and decorative concrete with using white Portland cement СEM I 52.5 N, fractionated marble crushing waste, modifier of polycarboxylate type and photoluminescent pigment, allows to obtain the products with a glow effect, high architectural, decorative and physico-mechanical characteristics.
WORK ON A ROTATIONAL BASIS: ADAPTATION THROUGH AESTHETIZATION OF THE SUBJECT-SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE TEMPORARY SETTLEMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN NORTH)
Authors: Prokopova S. , Kravchuk S. , Garin N.
Published: January 2021

The article presents a pre-project study of the rotational work method in the oil and gas industry in terms of technical aesthetics and design. The study aimed to focus the attention of designers on the features of psychological adaptation to this method of work. The database brought together interdisciplinary sources (economics, management, psychology, sociology) and field materials. As a result, a hypothesis was formulated about the aestheticization of the subject-spatial environment as a way to compensate for the stressfulness of the rotational work method. A promising direction for the implementation and verification of this hypothesis is the development of a system of relaxation equipment that accompanies the rotational worker throughout the entire cycle “shift-road-house
ARCHITECTURE OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING INDUSTRIAL MANOR OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY-EARLY XX CENTURY IN IVANOVO-VOSNESENSK
Authors: Garnova N.
Published: January 2021

The pre-revolutionary industrial estates of the Ivanovo (until 1871 referred to as the village of Ivanovo, and since 1871 – the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk) are the least studied and most susceptible to loss of architectural monuments of the city. This is greatly facilitated by the lack of a comprehensive architectural study, including an architectural analysis of all buildings that were part of industrial estates and their relationship at different stages of development of the complexes. The object of the study is all residential buildings of industrial estates that were part of the complexes in the second half of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. The methodological basis of the work is based on the principles of an interdisciplinary approach, which allows considering the entire range of issues related to the object of research from the point of view of archeology, history, history of architecture, and urban planning. The study was carried out on the basis of a comparison of field surveys and archival sources of the state archives of the Ivanovo and Vladimir regions as well as the Ivanovo State Historical and Cultural Museum named after D.G. Burylin. As a result, the classification of residential buildings of industrial estates of the second half of the 19 th century – the beginning of the 20th century is presented on the basis of the façades and architectural projects made by the author.
Sur la structure et les propriétés optiques de divers silicates compacts ou terreux
Authors: Lacroix Alfred
Published: January 2021

En résumé, tous les minéraux étudiés dans cette note et qui, à l’œil nu, ont une structure compacte ou terreuse, ne sont pas amorphes, mais sont formés en tout ou en partie par une substance cristallisée à propriétés définies et spéciale à chacun d’entre eux. Malgré leur différence de composition, ces substances possèdent toutes la structure des micas, caractérisée par un clivage facile, lamelleux, qui, en outre, est plus ou moins perpendiculaire à une bissectrice aiguë négative. Autour de celle-ci, l’écartement des axes est souvent nul, cette presque uniaxie paraissant propre au minéral dans certains cas ou produite par des croisements de lames dans beaucoup d’autres. Par analogie avec les micas, on peut supposer que tous ces minéraux sont monocliniques ou tout au moins orthorhombiques.

On ne doit pas s’étonner de voir des minéraux à structure lamelleuse, micacée, prendre une structure terreuse ou compacte quand leurs lames constituantes deviennent excessivement petites, les micas eux-mêmes présentant des exemples nombreux de faits de ce genre (damourite, etc.).

Ces données ne peuvent être plus précises en raison de la nature même des substances étudiées, dont plusieurs ne se taillent en lames minces qu’avec la plus grande difficulté, et dont les éléments constitutifs n’ont généralement qu’une fraction de millimètre de plus grande dimension. Elles sont suffisantes, cependant, pour prouver l’intérêt qu’il y a à reprendre l’étude chimique de tous ces corps, en tenant compte des impuretés que l’examen microscopique a décelées dans quelques-uns d’entre eux.
Migrant Remittances and Agricultural Production Under Climate Change: Evidence From Rural Households in Nigeria
Authors: Etim Nsikak-Abasi  A. , Thompson Dorothy , Asa Ubong  A. , Asa Ubong  A.
Published: January 2021

Majority of Nigeria’s rural poor especially smallholder farmers who rely on agricultural production for their subsistence face considerable difficulties in increasing productivity due to the adverse impact of changes in climate. But migrant remittance has become an important part of the strategy for rural households to cope with negative environmental consequences through reduction in vulnerability to climate variability, improvement in livelihood and expansion in production. An empirical study to measure the impact of migrant remittances on small holder agricultural production was conducted. Through the multistage sampling technique, 120 smallholder farmers were selected and data were collected using questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis based on Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the impact of migrant remittance on agricultural production. Result of the analysis revealed that the most critical factors which positively and significantly (p<0.05) influenced the output of remittance receiving households were education, experience, farm size and labour. Findings also showed that the same covariates also influence output of non-remittance receiving households. Policies to increase the inflow of remittances to poorer households engaging in agricultural production would be a rational decision.