bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFICULTIES LEVEL OF THREE ONLINE WRITTEN TEXTS
Authors: Giovani Wanda
Published: August 2020

This research aims to elaborate the difficulty levels of three different texts that bring the same topic. This research is a discourse analysis which was done by analyzing the lexical density, nominalization, and the finiteness of the texts. The three texts that have been analyzed were taken online from Wikipedia and two personal blogs for English research. The results show that the first text can be taken as the most complex text for high level readers, the second text for the intermediate level readers, and the third text for the elementary or low level readers. In terms of lexical density, the first text gains very high percentage which is up to 60%, this shows that the text is the most informative of all. Whereas, the second text and the third text’s lexical density are both 50%, which indicates that there are lack of contents in them.  Regarding to nominalization, the first text is still on the highest level with 12 nominalizations, the second text is on the intermediate level with 10 nominalizations, and the third text is on the lowest level, without any nominalization. The last is from the finiteness side. The first text has the lowest number of finiteness; the second text has the second highest number of finites, whereas the third text has the highest number of finites of all. This is the result of the highest number of lexical density and nominalization of the first text that decreases the frequency of sentences in it. The results of this research can be useful for online readers to decide what kind of reading materials which are suitable for their English levels.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran TGT Untuk Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Materi Bilangan Romawi Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Saragih Eliyani , Wedyawati Nelly
Published: August 2020

This study is aim to describe improving student learnng outcomes using models teams games tournament (TGT)  on the material of  Bilangan Romawi the fourth grade students 06 sintang academic year 2016/2017. The method used in this research is descriptive research method with qualitative approach, in the form of classroom action research. This study  was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of the stages of planning, action, observation, reflection. Data retrieval tool is used in the form of guidelines for obsevation, test question, questionnaire, documentation. Based on the research  results improving student learning outcomes trough teams games tournament (TGT) models in the first cycle with a total percentage of  63,33%, while in the second cycle a significant increase, amounting to 90,90%. This shows the improvement of student learning outcomes from the first cycle to the second 27,57%.
Efektivitas Penerapan Metode Round Table dan Ekspositori Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Awal
Authors: Annurwanda Pradipta , Friantini Rizki Nurhana
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Untuk mengetahui adakah perbedaan pengaruh antara metode pembelajaran Round Table dengan metode pembelajaran ekspositori terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa; 2) Untuk mengetahui adakah perbedaan pengaruh kemampuan awal tinggi  dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa; 3) Untuk mengetahui adakah interaksi antara metode pembelajaran Round Table dan ekspositori dengan kemampuan awal siswa tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2x2. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Maniamas Ngabang berjumlah 105 siswa, dengan sampel kelas VIII C dan VIII D berjumlah 78 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cluster random sampling. Data kemampuan awal siswa didapatkan dari hasil nilai ulangan harian terakhir. Data prestasi belajar diperoleh dari tes yang sebelumnya telah dilakukan uji validitas, reliabilitas, taraf kesukaran dan daya beda terhadap soal tes yang akan digunakan.Teknik analisis data menggunakan Analisis Variansi (ANAVA) dua jalan  dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Dari hasil analisis data didapatkan: 1) Ada perbedaan pengaruh antara metode pembelajaran Round Table dengan metode pembelajaran ekspositori terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa; 2) ada perbedaan pengaruh kemampuan awal tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa; 3) ada interaksi antara metode pembelajaran Round Table dan ekspositori dengan kemampuan awal siswa tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) Metode pembelajaran Round Table lebih efektif daripada metode pembelajaran ekspositori terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa; 2) Siswa yang mempunyai kemampuan awal tinggi lebih baik daripada siswa yang memiliki kemampuan awal rendah terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa; 3) ada interaksi antara metode pembelajaran Round Table dan ekspositori dengan kemampuan awal tinggi dan rendah  terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance with the Company’s Reputation as Moderating
Authors: . Hermawati , . Mediaty , . Yohanis
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure on financial performance with the company's reputation as a moderating variable. The population of this study were 20 state-owned companies listed on the BEI. This study uses purposive sampling technique and produces 16 companies with observation years, namely 2014-2019. The analysis technique used to analyze data is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that good corporate governance does not affect financial performance, disclosure of corporate social responsibility affects financial performance, corporate reputation does not moderate the relationship of good corporate governance to financial performance and corporate reputation does not moderate the relationship of corporate social responsibility disclosure on financial performance.
A Model for Adopting and Using E-Filing
Authors: Mashabela Mogaramedi Frans , Kekwaletswe Professor. Ray M
Published: August 2020

The adoption and usage of e-filing applications is a phenomenon most governments, including South Africa are still grappling with, and therefore, an ongoing information systems business leadership research is a key issue. The research problem is that despite the e-Government application being implemented and maintained at a high cost, there is little uptake and optimal use. The revenue application has greater benefits such as tax calculation accuracy, tax submission done timeously during any time of the day, improving tax efficiency by reducing administration cost. Since the value and the investment is huge, the burning question is then why the accepting and usage ofe-filing by taxpayers not as it should? Information from previous studies arequite on this phenomenon, in the South Africancontext and this then left a knowledge gaps, which this paper bridges.This paperfocuses on explaining and explore adopting and using e-filing as reasons why some of taxpayers accept and use the revenue application while others are not using it are still unknown. Argument is that despite South Africa implemented a cutting-edgesystemsince 2006, taxpayers still queueat its branches for manualsubmissions.
Behavioral Skills Outcome of Technical Education Students Engaged in Cooperative Learning
Authors: Chikodili Oguguo Uchechukwu , Chinyere Ogbuanya. Theresa Chinyere
Published: August 2020

This study determined the behavioral skill outcome of technical education students engaged in cooperative learning. Specifically, the study sought to identify the effects of cooperative learning on technical education student’s communication skill, problemsolving skill and critical thinking skill. There were three research questions posed, and the analysis was driven by three null hypotheses tested at (P<.05) level of significance. It has adopted a quasi-experimental design for the study and intact classes were assigned to treatment groups. The study's population was 41 students of Technical Education (TE), consisting of 41 year 3 students of Industrial Technical Education at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, which was the treatment group allocated to the teaching method of cooperative learning. The instrument used for data collection was the self-assessment inventory of communication skills (CSSAI), the inventory of problem-solving skills (PSSI), and the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST). Three technical education experts had subjected the instruments to face and content validation. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the study questions while Paired-sample t-test was used to answer the null hypotheses. Findings showed, among others, that there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest mean scores taught by Automobile Lighting System students who use cooperative learning in terms of behavioral skill outcome. Among others, it was proposed that technical education teachers be encouraged to use the cooperative learning method in teaching automotive lightening program.
Mindfulness and yoga halt the conversion of pre-diabetic rural women into diabetics-a pilot study
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Malik Neeru , Mathur Deepali , Pal Surinder , Malik Rakesh , Rana Sumit
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose: A plethora of studies have been conducted in the past, which have proven the salutary effects of yoga practice. Yoga and other mind body techniques are deemed as stress relievers and have shown therapeutic effectiveness in preventing the development and progression of several lifestyle diseases including Diabetes. Yoga practice may help in managing Diabetes by regulating the glucose levels in blood. In this study we have evaluated the efficacy of three months of AYUSH-approved Diabetic Yoga Protocol (DYP) on high-risk individuals.
Conservative and non-surgical management of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Metri Kashinath G , Rathi Seema ,   Jalandhara , Singh Amit , R. Nagaratna
Published: August 2020

A case of a 16-year-old Indian adolescent with discal herniation in L4 – L5 region with classical sign of ‘foot drop’ was successfully managed by conservative, non-surgical approach following principles of yoga intervention. Patients practised yoga under supervision of yoga expert, four times a day for first two weeks followed by once a day for consecutive two years. Yoga protocol included gentle yoga based loosening practices, simple asanas, yogic breathing techniques and yogic guided relaxation, pranayama and meditation. One year and two-year follow-ups showed complete revival of normal function and healing of the affected spinal cord disorder. A case which was recommended for surgery recovered with yoga intervention.
Non-surgical approach towards uterine fibroid and ovarian cyst with Yoga practice
Authors: Sharma Purnandu , Chhabra Ranjana , Singh Amit , Jogdand Reshma P
Published: August 2020

A case of a 43 years old female with uterine fibroid and ovarian cyst was managed by an alternative, Non-surgical approach of yoga intervention. Yoga was practised under supervision daily twice a day for three months showed significant recovery from ovarian Cyst and reduction in uterine fibroid size. A diagnosis, where surgery was suggested as the only option, yoga has been found to be effective treatment modality in prevention and management.
Subjective study on potts spine with therapeutic yoga intervention
Authors: Narayanan Amudha Rani
Published: August 2020

This is a qualitative single subject intervention assessment involving the treatment of a 58 year old man, diagnosed with para-vertebral abscess due to tubercular pott’s spine with Diabetes since 2008, administered with neuro anaesthesia for pain management, which could not succeed in providing complete relief and hence a parallel attempt was made to treat the same through an integrative mind-body approach to resolving pain. Basic challenges in this process were to conceptualize a personalized approach based on the constitution and personality of the seeker and selection of specific tools of yoga therapy to suit the individual’s requirement. Adoption of yoga therapy involving synergized techniques resulted in holistic cure in a significantly reduced time interval. However, more studies are required to be adopted in the same manner to strengthen the line of the efficacy of such therapies in similar cases.
Yoga and Cardiovascular Health Trial (YACHT): a UK-based randomized mechanistic study of a yoga intervention plus usual care versus usual care alone following an acute coronary event, BMJ Open 2019;9:e030119
Authors: Jyoti Saras
Published: August 2020

Over the years Yoga has gained popularity throughout the world because of its various health benefits. Yoga is mind-body intervention which includes breathing, body postures and meditation (1). The studies on Yoga have documented to lower the stress and depression and are believed to improve biological cardiovascular risk factors (2–4). Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a program designed to strengthen cardiovascular health if you have experienced the heart related problems, and it has been shown to improve cardiovascular mortality and hospital re-admissions in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Yoga could, therefore, be a useful addition to CR. In this UK-based randomized report (Yoga and Cardiovascular Health Trial (YACHT), the hypothesis was that Yoga could be related to primarily with improvements in cardiovascular function in patients suitable for CR.
Inconsistencies Between Local and Global Measures of CME Radial Expansion as Revealed by Spacecraft Conjunctions
Authors: Lugaz Noé , Salman Tarik M. , Winslow Réka M. , Al-Haddad Nada , Farrugia Charles J. , Zhuang Bin , Galvin Antoinette B.
Published: August 2020

The radial expansion of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is known to occur from remote observations, from the variation of their properties with radial distance, and from local in situ plasma measurements showing a decreasing speed profile throughout the magnetic ejecta (ME). However, little is known on how local measurements compare to global measurements of expansion. Here, we present results from the analysis of 42 CMEs measured in the inner heliosphere by two spacecraft in radial conjunction. The magnetic-field decrease with distance provides a measure of their global expansion. Near 1 au, the decrease in their bulk speed provides a measure of their local expansion. We find that these two measures have little relation with each other. We also investigate the relation between characteristics of CME expansion and CME properties. We find that the expansion depends on the initial magnetic-field strength inside the ME, but not significantly on the magnetic field inside the ME measured near 1 au. This is indirect evidence that CME expansion in the innermost heliosphere is driven by the high magnetic pressure inside the ME, while by the time the MEs reach 1 au, they are expanding due to the decrease in the solar-wind dynamic pressure with distance. We also determine the evolution of the ME tangential and normal magnetic-field components with distance, revealing significant deviations as compared to the expectations from force-free field configurations as well as some evidence that the front half of MEs expand at a faster rate than the back half.
Similarities between the X-Ray Light Curves of the 2016 and 2020 Eruptions of the Recurrent Nova LMC 1968
Authors: Schwarz Greg J. , Page Kim L. , Kuin Paul M. , Darnley Matthew J.
Published: August 2020

The latest eruption of the recurrent nova LMC 1968 was extensively observed by Swift with its X-ray Telescope instrument. A comparison with the Swift data set from the 2016 eruption shows that the X-ray evolution was remarkably similar just as the evolution of the optical photometry and spectroscopy was similar during previously observed eruptions. The only difference is a surprising decrease in the recurrence time. LMC 1968 is only the second nova for which Swift has observed the entire X-ray evolution more than once. At 50 kpc, it is close enough to be extensively observed in its next eruption.
The Surface Abundances of 17 Com B: A Test for Self-consistent Evolutionary Models
Authors: Deal Morgan , Monier Richard
Published: August 2020

Elemental abundances are derived for 17 Com B for 16 elements. They reinforce the Am status of this star. We show that the measured abundances are properly reproduced by stellar models including atomic diffusion and a parametrized turbulent diffusion coefficient. This parameterization agrees with that used in previous studies of Am stars.
A new Caribbean species of Hylaeanura Arlé, 1966 (Collembola, Neanuridae, Pseudachorutinae)
Authors: Ospina-Sánchez Claudia M. , Palacios-Vargas José G. , González Grizelle
Published: August 2020

We here describe a new Collembola species,Hylaeanura emiliaesp. nov., from the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico. We describeH. emiliaesp. nov.as a distinct species based on the enlarged sensilla s3 in antennal segment IV, the absence of modified sensorial setae in abdominal segment IV and the presence of four setae on each dens. An updated key with illustrations for the identification of worldwide species of the genus is included.
La rémunération du travail politique en Roumanie fin XIX e -début du XX e siècle
Authors: Iancu Alexandra
Published: August 2020

La Constitution roumaine de 1866 introduisait l’incompatibilité entre toute fonction salariée et un mandat d’élu. Si les paiements d’indemnités ou des dons étaient expressément interdits dans le cas des sénateurs, le texte fondamental n’incluait pas de disposition similaire pour les députés. Cependant, dans le cas roumain, la rémunération du travail parlementaire fut loin de constituer un repère pour la professionnalisation politique au sens wébérien. L’élite politique resta fermée, à la fin du XIXe siècle et au-delà. Cette tendance se maintint, malgré des processus de clarification du statut des parlementaires et l’élargissement du suffrage. Les restrictions législatives, sur les conflits d’intérêts ou les incompatibilités devinrent ainsi plutôt des moyens disciplinaires aux mains des dirigeants des partis, et non des outils de transparence ou d’autonomisation de la sphère politique. L’article se concentre sur la rémunération du travail parlementaire à la fin du XIXe siècle et au dé- but du XXe, en décrivant à la fois les bénéfices et les contraintes législatives qui ont pesé sur les élus. Selon nous, la rémunération des élus ne visait ni une plus grande ouverture des formes de sélection du personnel politique, ni la professionnalisation des acteurs. Il s’agissait plutôt d’un ressort financier « systémique » inséré dans un processus plus large d’institutionnalisation de la politique.
Contributions of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 administration on the recovery of gut microbiota after short-term ceftriaxone exposure in mice
Authors: Cheng R. , Liang H. , Zhang Y. , Guo J. , Miao Z. , Shen X. , Chen G. , Cheng G. , Li M. , He F.
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to determine the impact of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 concurrent with antibiotic treatment and/or during the recovery phase after antibiotic treatment on the body weight, faecal bacterial composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and splenic cytokine mRNA expression of mice. Orally administrated ceftriaxone quantitatively and significantly decreased body weight, faecal total bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and faecal SCFAs concentration. Ceftriaxone treatment also dramatically altered the faecal microbiota with an increased Chao1 index, decreased species diversities and Bacteroidetes, and more Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. After ceftriaxone intervention, these changes all gradually started to recover. However, faecal microbiota diversities were still totally different from control by significantly increased α- and β-diversities. Bacteroidetes all flourished and became dominant during the recovery process. However, mice treated with PC170 both in parallel with and after ceftriaxone treatment encouraged more Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria, and the diversity by which to make faecal microbiota was very much closer to control. Furthermore, the expression of splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA in mice supplemented with PC170 during the recovery phase was significantly lower than natural recovery. These results indicated that antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, even with short-term intervention, could dramatically damage the structure of gut microbiota and their abilities to produce SCFAs with loss of body weight. Although such damages could be partly recovered with the cessation of antibiotics, the implication of antibiotics to gut microbiota might remain even after antibiotic treatment. The selected strain PC170 might be a potential probiotic because of its contributions in helping the host animal to remodel or stabilise its gut microbiome and enhancing the anti-inflammatory response as protection from the side effects of antibiotic therapy when it was administered in parallel with and after antibiotic treatment.
ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA, METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO E A FUNÇÃO DO LIVRO DIDÁTICO
Authors: De Lima Souza Anderson Wesley , Azevedo da Rocha Ana Paula
Published: August 2020

No contexto atual do ambiente escolar, o processo de ensino apresenta uma série de desafios que decorrem do diferente perfil dos alunos que chegam à escola, da maior conexão desses alunos com a internet, seu desinteresse pelas aulas. O acesso à internet nem sempre é possível pela condição em que se encontram as escolas, então, o livro didático ganha destaque, por ser um recurso de amplo acesso. O trabalho buscou identificar a relevância do livro didático no ensino de Geografia, e para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram realizados levantamentos teóricos sobre o livro didático, enquanto recurso metodológico de ensino de Geografia, e sua função no ambiente escolar. Foi possível observar que o livro didático é um importante instrumento metodológico para o ensino de Geografia, tendo em vista que outros recursos, como as Geotecnologias, podem tornar-se inviáveis, dependendo da realidade social em que a escola está inserida, por exemplo, a falta de internet nas instituições de ensino.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Fernandes Pedro Henrique Carnevalli , Endlich Angela Maria
Published: August 2020

Caríssimos(as) leitores(as).

A Geoingá: Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia (PGE) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) apresenta a publicação do primeiro número do 12º volume.

Ainda que em tempos tão turbulentos para a humanidade, devido à pandemia da Covid-19, instalada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 11 de março de 2020, prosseguimos com a publicação da Revista Geoingá reforçando, cada vez mais, o papel da ciência frente a propagação do senso comum e de bases não científicas.

Assim, este número, publicado nesse cenário preocupante, apresenta contribuições para refletirmos durante o período de isolamento social. Especificamente nesta edição, destacamos a nossa Conversa na sala do café, que enfatiza essa pandemia e o papel da Geografia da Saúde nesse contexto. A seção de artigos proporciona estudos relevantes acerca da Geografia, em diferentes abordagens, procedimentos e perspectivas, permitindo vislumbrar avanços na compreensão acerca do espaço geográfico.

A seção Conversa na sala do café apresenta sua sexta entrevista. Nesta edição, o Prof. Dr. Pedro Henrique Carnevalli Fernandes entrevistou a Profa. Dra. Maria Eugênia Moreira da Costa Ferreira, docente do Departamento de Geografia (DGE) e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia (PGE) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM).

Desejamos que este número da Revista Geoingá promova inquietações e reflexões acerca do espaço geográfico e, de modo geral, sobre a condição em que nos encontramos no momento em que esta edição é publicada.

Boa leitura!

Cuidem-se!

Maringá (PR), 09 de abril de 2020.
Sand and shine: an inexpensive method to measure terrestrial arthropod movement in the laboratory
Authors: Loureiro Alexandre M.M.C. , Nams Vilis O.
Published: August 2020

Understanding what drives insect movement is crucial to understanding how they might be affected by environmental or human disturbances. Methods that measure movement can be expensive, and few are available that do not rely on some sort of video footage. We developed a relatively inexpensive method that allows the user to see the full path of the individual insects within an arena after a certain amount of time, which can be captured with a photograph and later analysed with computer software applications. In our proof-of-concept experiment, we found that the ground beetle, Harpalus rufipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae), was more active in darkness and in light than in ultraviolet light and that it displayed different movement patterns under all three light treatments.
Cutting Edge: Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Activity Induces the Generation and Enhanced Suppressive Function of Human IL-10+ FOXP3+–Induced Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Cheng Hao , Wang Lingbiao , Yang Biaolong , Li Dan , Wang Xiaoxia , Liu Xinnan , Tian Na , Huang Qianru , Feng Ru , Wang Zhengting , Liang Rui , Dai Sheng-Ming , Lv Ling , Wu Ji , Zang Yuan-Sheng , Li Bin
Published: August 2020

IL-10 is critical for Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Tregs)–mediated immune suppression, but how to efficiently upregulate IL-10 production in Tregs remains unclear. In this article, we show that human IL-10+ FOXP3+–induced regulatory T cell (iTreg) generation can be dramatically promoted by inhibiting GSK3 activity. IL-10+ FOXP3+ iTregs induced by GSK3 inhibition exhibit classical features of immune-suppressive T cells. We further demonstrate that IL-10+ iTregs exhibit enhanced suppressive function in both IL-10–dependent and –independent manners. The enhanced suppressive function of IL-10+ Tregs is not due to a single factor such as IL-10, although IL-10 may mediate this enhanced suppressive function to some extent. Mechanistically, the increased transcriptional activity of IL-10 promoter and the enhanced expression of C-Maf and BLIMP1 coordinately facilitate IL-10 expression in human iTregs under GSK3 inhibition. Our study provides a new strategy to generate human immune-suppressive IL-10+ FOXP3+ Tregs for immunotherapies.
Tetramer Immunization and Selection Followed by CELLISA Screening to Generate Monoclonal Antibodies against the Mouse Cytomegalovirus m12 Immunoevasin
Authors: Aguilar Oscar A. , Tanaka Miho , Balaji Gautham R. , Berry Richard , Rossjohn Jamie , Lanier Lewis L. , Carlyle James R.
Published: August 2020

The generation of reliable mAb of unique and desired specificities serves as a valuable technology to study protein expression and function. However, standard approaches to mAb generation usually involve large-scale protein purification and intensive screening. In this study, we describe an optimized high-throughput proof-of-principle method for the expanded generation, enrichment, and screening of mouse hybridomas secreting mAb specific for a protein of interest. Briefly, we demonstrate that small amounts of a biotinylated protein of interest can be used to generate tetramers for use as prime-boost immunogens, followed by selective enrichment of Ag-specific B cells by magnetic sorting using the same tetramers prior to hybridoma generation. This serves two purposes: 1) to effectively expand both low- and high-affinity B cells specific for the antigenic bait during immunization and 2) to minimize subsequent laborious hybridoma efforts by positive selection of Ag-specific, Ab-secreting cells prior to hybridoma fusion and validation screening. Finally, we employ a rapid and inexpensive screening technology, CELLISA, a high-throughput validation method that uses a chimeric Ag fused to the CD3ζ signaling domain expressed on enzyme-generating reporter cells; these reporters can detect specific mAb in hybridoma supernatants via plate-bound Ab-capture arrays, thereby easing screening. Using this strategy, we generated and characterized novel mouse mAb specific for a viral immunoevasin, the mouse CMV m12 protein, and suggest that these mAb may protect mice from CMV infection via passive immunity.
Effect of production process and high-pressure processing on viability of Salmonella spp. in traditional Italian dry-cured coppa
Authors: Taddei Roberta , Giacometti Federica , Bardasi Lia , Bonilauri Paolo , Ramini Mattia , Fonatana Maria Cristina , Bassi Patrizia , Castagnini Sara , Ceredi Francesco , Pelliconi Maria Francesca , Serraino Andrea , Tomasello Federico , Piva Silvia , Mondo Elisabetta , Merialdi Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the combined effect of the manufacturing process followed by HPP treatment on the inactivation of Salmonella spp. in artificially contaminated coppa samples, in order to verify the ability of the combined processes to achieve the objective of a 5-log reduction of Salmonella spp. needed for exportation to the U.S. Fresh anatomical cuts intended for coppa production were supplied by four different delicatessen factories located in Northern Italy. Raw meat underwent experimental contamination with Salmonella spp. using a mixture of 3 strains. Surface contamination of the fresh anatomical cuts was carried out by immersion into inoculum containing Salmonella spp. The conditions of the HPP treatment were: pressure 593 MPa, time 290 seconds, water treatment temperature 14°C. Surface and deep samples were performed post contamination (T0), end of the cold phase (T1), end of process (Tend), and after HPP treatment (postHPP) and Salmonella spp. Enumerated. The results of this study show a significant reduction of Salmonella spp. all through the production process (P<0.01) for all companies, followed by an additional reduction of bacterial counts due to HPP treatment (P<0.01), both in superficial and deep contaminations (P<0.01). The superficial overall reduction resulted of 1.58 to 5.04 log CFU/g during the production process. HPP treatment resulted in a significant (P<0.01) superficial and deep decrease in Salmonella spp. enumeration varying from 0.61 to 4.01 log and from 1.49 to 4.13 log. According to the data presented in this study, only the combined approach of coppa manufacturing process followed by HPP treatment always led to a 5-log reduction of Salmonella spp. required by USDA/FSIS guidelines.
Official controls on food safety: Competent Authority measures
Authors: Rossi Alfredo , Rossi Giovanni , Rosamilia Alfonso , Micheli Massimo Renato
Published: August 2020

Since December 14th, 2019, Regulation (EC) No 882/2004 has been replaced by Regulation (EU) 2017/625, which sets the activity of the official control on food safety, extending the scope of the previous regulation. The broader scope of the new regulation aims to ensure compliance across the European Member States in the Union in the fields of food, feed, animal health and welfare, plant health and plant protection products. The administrative measures that the Competent Authorities adopt following the finding of a non-compliance regarding food hygiene, should be take into account not only the risk assessment, but a series of criteria dictated by both European and national legislation and comply with the generals principles governing administrative action. The aim of this study is to conduct a legal analysis of: (i) the provisions set out in Regulation (EU) 2017/625 concerning executive actions in the case of noncompliance, and (ii) the criteria used to assess the appropriate remedial measures. The study was completed by analysing recent legal cases on food safety, which in many cases have censure the work of the Local Competent Authority, and has brought to light a distorted and uneven application of the legislation on food safety, especially in cases in which drastic measures had been adopted, such as the closure of the productive activities, which has a heavy impact on the food business operators in the food sector concerned. In addition to an incorrect application of the specific health legislation, there is also a violation of the principle of proportionality, of community origin. Indeed, the principle of proportionality, an essential factor in administrative review, which has been used as a leading criterion in the adoption of administrative measures by of the Health Authorities of the Competent Authority.
Bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone analogs for improving bone quality in spinal fusion: State of evidence
Authors: Atesok Kivanc , Stippler Martina , Striano Brendan , Xiong Grace , Lindsey Matthew , Cappellucci Elysia , Psilos Alexandra , Richter Sven , Heffernan Michael J. , Theiss Steven , Papavassiliou Efstathios
Published: August 2020

Spinal fusion is among the most commonly performed surgical procedures for elderly patients with spinal disorders – including degenerative disc disease with spondylolisthesis, deformities, and trauma. With the large increase in the aging population and the prevalence of osteoporosis, the number of elderly osteoporotic patients needing spinal fusion has risen dramatically. Due to reduced bone quality, postoperative complications such as implant failures, fractures, post-junctional kyphosis, and pseudarthrosis are more commonly seen after spinal fusion in osteoporotic patients. Therefore, pharmacologic treatment strategies to improve bone quality are commonly pursued in osteoporotic cases before conducting spinal fusions. The two most commonly used pharmacotherapeutics are bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs. Evidence indicates that using bisphosphonates and PTH analogs, alone or in combination, in osteoporotic patients undergoing spinal fusion, decreases complication rates and improves clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to develop guidelines for the administration of bisphosphonates and PTH analogs in osteoporotic spinal fusion patients in terms of treatment duration, potential benefits of sequential use, and the selection of either therapeutic agents based on patient characteristics.
The role of volumetric method in the assessment of chemotherapy response and predicting survival in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Urfali Furkan Erturk , Metintas Selma , Gurgen Atila , Guntulu AK , Ozkan Ragip , Metintas Muzaffer
Published: August 2020

Background:

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a pleural tumor with high mortality rate and short-term survival expectancy after diagnosis. Assessment of the response to chemotherapy, which is the first choice in treatment of MPM, is important for the transition to alternative chemotherapy protocols and immunotherapy. There is no clarity in the response to chemotherapy treatment.

Objective:

Our study aims to compare the assessment of chemotherapy response using the Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) criteria and volumetric measurements and to correlate with median survival.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-two patients (16 females and 16 males) were included in the study, and their ages ranged from 28 to 78 years. Chemotherapy response was determined by both mRECIST and volumetric approach. Tumor volume was measured by linear interpolation and semi-automatic segmentation. Log-rank multiple cutoff analysis was used to determine appropriate cutoff values of volumetric response criteria.

Results:

According to both mRECIST and volumetric approach, median survival times in partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease groups were 24, 15, and 9 months, respectively. The survival times of the three groups were different (logrank: 17.76; P < 0.001) by mRECIST. The survival of the progressive disease group was shorter than that of the other groups (logrank: 18.91; P < 0.001) by volumetric approach.

Conclusions:

In the assessment of chemotherapy response, even though classifications obtained according to the mRECIST criteria and volumetric measurements are statistically compatible, we think that the measurement of the volumetric values will increase the standardization. In our study, threshold values for volumetric measurements were determined; however, these values should be supported by large-scale multicenter studies.
Value of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography as a Predictor of the Deleterious Effect of Right Ventricular Pacing on Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Rafla Samir , Zaki Amr , Aboelhoda Aly , Sappaq Moustafa , Magdy Gehan
Published: August 2020

Background:

Pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) is reported in different articles but with variable incidence.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to determine the validity of speckle tracking echocardiography as a predictor of the deleterious effect of right ventricular (RV) pacing on left ventricular (LV) function, using two-dimensional guided global and segmental longitudinal strain.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty patients with conventional indications for permanent pacemaker implantation were studied; they were classified to Group A (37 = 74%) patients who didn't show a significant reduction of ejection fraction (EF) (>10%) and Group B (13 = 26%) represent patients who showed a significant reduction of EF. Group C constituted 25 healthy persons (control group). We defined PICM when EF is reduced >10%.

Results:

The incidence of pacemaker-induced ventricular dysfunction was 26%. Statistical analysis revealed that left atrial volume index (LAVI), global longitudinal strain (GLS), native-QRS duration, and ischemic heart disease were significant predictors of reduction of LV function, however, on multivariate regression analysis, only the LAVI and GLS were independent predictors of reduction of LVEF after permanent pacing.

Conclusions:

Speckle tracking echocardiography is a new, unique and evolving tool to assess the myocardial deformation which can detect LV systolic dysfunction much earlier than can be reflected in LVEF. The importance of defining predictors is to predict whom patient will be at risk for the deleterious effect of RV pacing on LV function, and who will need observation with possible upgrading to biventricular pacing.
Cardiac Diverticulum
Authors: Pandey Neelesh , Aseri Rakesh , Tandon Rohit , Mohan Bishav , Wander Gurpreet Singh
Published: August 2020

Left ventricular diverticulum (LVD) is a rare clinical entity which contains endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium with normal contractility. Contrary to LV aneurysm, which has thin and fibrotic LV wall with paradoxical movement compared to normal left ventricle contraction. LVD are two types, that is, congenital or acquired. Congenital is more common than acquired form. Classification according to the location is either apical or nonapical. Apical diverticula usually associated with midline thoracoabdominal defects and other cardiac malformations, but nonapical diverticula were isolated. Nonapical diverticula can arise from the anterior-free wall, the subaortic region, or, rarely, from both ventricles. A diagnosis can be usually done by echocardiography, whereas computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and invasive ventriculography also help. A major problem with LVD is thrombosis, embolism, rupture, ventricular arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and valvular abnormalities. The management of LVD depends on the clinical condition and associated abnormalities. In most asymptomatic person can be managed conservatively. Treatment for high-risk cases includes surgery, anticoagulants, and treatment of arrhythmias.
Right Ventricular Free Wall Rupture: A Catastrophic Sequela of Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Rathi Bharat , Inaniya Ravi , Agarwal Rajesh
Published: August 2020

The case describes a rare mechanical complication of myocardial infarction in the form of right ventricular free wall rupture leading to cardiogenic shock and death. The patient had no cardiac high-risk factors and had short-lasting symptoms of the chest pain but presented in the emergency department in a semi-conscious state. The condition was diagnosed on transthoracic echocardiography and during the course of investigation, the patient instantaneously deteriorated and succumbed to the condition.
Advanced Methods to Handle LSPI in TGDI Engines
Authors: N Sekarapandian , KANNAIYAN Ashok , ARIVUKKARASU Hariprasath , Mani Rajkumar , Muthu Selvaraji
Published: August 2020

In order to meet the stringent emission norms like EU6 and EU7 together with CAFÉ/CAFC norms, down-sizing of the engine is one of the thrust areas of focus among the OEMs. To this end, keeping the engine size small but to achieve the required power output, advanced Turbo charged Gasoline Direct Injection engine technology (TGDI) has emerged. However, TGDI technology is susceptible to an abnormal combustion phenomenon termed as Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) event. This event happens prior to the intended combustion, which causes the catastrophic engine damage. Several studies in terms of simulation and experiments to understand this phenomenon are reported in the literature. The main factors influencing this occurrence are found to be engine design and calibration, fuel types and engine oil formulation (in terms of calcium content). In this paper, advanced methods to handle the LSPI occurrence severity and component level advances in design robustness to avoid the engine damage are reported. The developed techniques include robust piston design, Piston ring design and coating technologies. In overall, the techniques related to engine design to predict the LSPI occurrence in terms of peak cylinder pressure (PCP) and number of events are summarized.
Aero-Thermal Analysis of Ventilated Passage in a Brake Disc
Authors: Mhaske Akshay , Gunadal Sampattakumar
Published: August 2020

In a disc brake, when brake disc undergoes a brake cycle lot of heat is generated. The heat generated due to friction has to be dissipated by one or the other modes of heat transfer. Out of the three modes of heat transfer, convection is to be maximized as others may cause deterioration of neighboring parts. The disc is of ventilated type and hence the turbulence and mass flow rate through this ventilated area is to be optimized so as to improve the convective heat transfer coefficient.

In this paper, a numerical investigation of a brake disc is done for studying its aero-thermal behavior and finding alternatives that perform better. An in-depth study of various design changes, previously done for improving heat transfer coefficient in ventilated disc, is done and these changes are incorporated in the existing design. Various design combinations using different design tweaks for improving heat transfer coefficient are made and simulated in component testing like conditions, which are validated against previously done actual experiments. Total of 12 different design iterations were simulated and the one with the highest heat transfer coefficient was analyzed in detail.
Simulation of Hybrid Packed Desiccant Beds for Dehumidification and Drying
Authors: Muthu Selvaraji , N Sekarapandian
Published: August 2020

The conventional vapor compression refrigeration cycle based air dryers are used widely for the applications of required pressure dew point temperature up to +2~3°C. However, for the industrial and pneumatic applications, the required pressure dew points are as low as -10°C, -30°C or -50°C and also up to -75°C, which is achieved by the adsorption based packed bed desiccant dryers. This paper presents the results of numerical simulation of hybrid packed desiccant beds under coupled heat and mass transfer during the adsorption and desorption phases under wide operating conditions. The bed containing a homogenous mixture of multiple desiccant types along the vertical axial direction has been investigated. A CFD code has been developed using the finite volume method which models the heat conduction and mass diffusion for these hybrid beds. The numerical results of the present model are validated with experimental data from literature and show good agreement for exit air temperature and moisture content. The improvement in moisture removal capacity, relative moisture removal efficiency, and dew point temperature or pressure dew point for these hybrid desiccant beds are investigated.
Application of Phase Change Materials (PCM) for Reducing Cabin Heat Load
Authors: Dubey Mayank Manoj , Tadigadapa Suresh , DUBE Abhijit , Shukla Ankit , Maurya Anurag , Reddy Y.S.Sarath
Published: August 2020

In regions like Indian Subcontinent, Gulf or Saharan & Sub-Saharan Africa, where the sunshine is abundant almost all year round, air-conditioning is an important aspect of vehicles (passenger cars, buses etc.). Higher heat means higher cooling demand which in turn means bigger AC system. Like other auxiliaries, AC compressor is a parasitic load on the engine.

The best way to beat heat and reduce cabin heat load is to stop heat build-up itself. The present paper explores one such means of reducing cabin heat build-up by leveraging latent heat properties of phase change materials and thus improving the air condition performance. With the help of a case study this paper aims at detailing comprehensive effect of phase change material (PCM) and its application on the heat build-up inside the cabin of a vehicle, the air conditioning cooling performance, the time required to achieve comfort temperature, work of compression performed by AC compressor and COP.

In the case study described in this paper, AC performance evaluation has been carried out in a climatic chamber were severe ambient conditions (45°C DBT, 40% RH, 1200W/m2 solar load) are simulated. A series of trials a are carried out by using a combination of PCMs with a melting point of ~55°C and ~30°C and a reflective cover. In the most effective combination of the PCM and reflective cover, average cabin temperature at the end of soaking phase of 1 hour is reduced by as much as 27°C as compared to baseline. The assumed comfort temperature of 30°C is achieved just in 14 minutes which is 18 minutes faster compared to the baseline case.
Cidade, Trabalho e Estado de Exceção: entrevista com Cibele Saliba Rizek
Authors: De Lima Jurca Ricardo
Published: August 2020

Entrevista
Urban- Rural Marketing Linkage Practices and Challenges Evidences from Ambo Town West Shoa Zone, Orimia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Geleta Negash
Published: August 2020

The objective of study was to assess the practices and challenges of rural-urban marketing linkages in Ambo Town. The study may be used to show the gaps between urban and rural on the marketing of agricultural products.  The study was used descriptive research design. The populations of the study were some selected retailers and farmers those participate on the marketing of agricultural products. For sample size determination Yemane Taro formula was used and accordingly 187 sample size was employed. To identify this sample random sampling was used to select the research subjects from the population. As the source of information primary data was employed using structured questionnaire. For data analysis descriptive statistics was employed. Based on the data collected the findings of the study show that the production linkages were very weak which was reflected mainly in case of poor connection in the between urban and rural. However, a strong consumption linkage was observed as farmers tend to purchase goods and services from the Town. The insufficient crop production had made the existing marketing linkage to be expressed only in the form of exchange of products. Financial linkage was further strengthened even through all are not connected with rural farmers. Finally, the research recommended that urban and rural oriented linkage must be practiced which need further strengthen for the existing financial linkages and production linkage as it provides opportunity for existing traders in the Town.