bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As práticas dos docentes e a cidadania
Authors: Serrão Jacinto , Salema Maria Helena
Published: November 2015

O tema do presente artigo baseia-se numa investigação de doutoramento sobre as representações socias dos docentes na educação para a cidadania (EC) e focaliza as práticas dos professores nesta área. Aborda lacunas existentes entre as exigências formais da ação pedagógica dos docentes e a falta de significado nas aprendizagens dos alunos numa área curricular essencial e transversal aos diversos ciclos e disciplinas. O trabalho de investigação possibilitou avanços no conhecimento sobre as práticas dos professores nesta área curricular e no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Assumindo um paradigma interpretativo, optou-se por realizar um estudo onde o questionário foi o principal instrumento de recolha de dados. Os dados foram tratados e analisados, recorrendo a um processo misto, quantitativo e qualitativo, com vista a caraterizar o perfil dos participantes e, principalmente, encontrar respostas às questões suscitadas pelo problema de investigação. Através da investigação identificaram-se as representações socias dos docentes sobre a EC e os tipos de procedimentos pedagógicos dos docentes na área da cidadania, envolvidos no estudo, bem como a natureza de práticas e de projetos de EC que estes desenvolvem no âmbito da sua ação pedagógica. Nesta comunicação apresentaremos os resultados do cruzamento entre o envolvimento, ou não, dos professores em ações projetadas pela escola com as categorias de estratégias e/ou atividades bem-sucedidas por eles desenvolvidas. Existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos de docentes, indicando que a lecionação mais baseada em processos de ensino expositivos, debates e ações com recurso a convidados é mais típica dos professores que não se envolvem nos projetos de EC estruturados pela escola, ou seja, é um grupo de docentes que desenvolve práticas mais baseadas mais na escuta. Por outro lado, os professores que se envolvem nas atividades de EC projetadas pela escola optam preferencialmente por atividades de voluntariado e atividades que envolvem a comunidade. Este grupo de docentes é o que tende promover práticas em que os alunos aprendem mais fazendo, sendo eles os próprios decisores, escolhendo os temas e como os operacionalizar. Por isso, estes dois grupos de professores têm provavelmente subjacentes conceções diferenciadas do que é ensinar e aprender, bem como opções epistemológicas distintas no que se refere ao papel do professor. Uns veem-no enquanto transmissores, enquanto os outros os encaram como mediadores, como alguém que leva os alunos a aprenderem a aprender.
Perceções de educadores cooperantes sobre o processo supervisivo
Authors: Sanches Angelina , Novo Rosa , Mesquita Elza Conceição
Published: November 2015

Esta comunicação enquadra-se num estudo mais amplo em que se procura aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as práticas de supervisão em desenvolvimento na instituição em que nos integramos, ao nível da iniciação à prática profissional do curso de licenciatura em educação básica e da prática de ensino supervisionada dos cursos de mestrado que profissonalizam para a docência. Considerando que a formação deve pautar-se por critérios de qualidade e que as práticas supervisivas assumem relevância nesse processo, importa (re)equacionar como estas são percebidas pelos professores e educadores das instituições cooperantes. Neste âmbito,  ao nível do quadro teórico, o estudo sustenta-se em perspetivas de matriz  sociocontrutivista e ecológica, acentuando-se a centralidade das pessoas e dos contextos no sentido de uma cooperação e ética-reflexiva emancipatória de todos e de cada um. Destacam-se ainda os contributos das orientações normativas previstas no quadro legislativo. Do ponto de vista metodológico, recorremos a uma abordagem de natureza qualitativa e interpretativa e, para a recolha de dados, procedemos à inquirição por questionário com perguntas abertas, tendo sido aplicado no ano letivo 2013-2014. Foram inquiridos 73 docentes, cooperantes da Escola Superior de Educação de Bragança, dos quais 34 educadores de infância, grupo sobre o qual incide a presente comunicação. Para tratamento e análise da informação recorremos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados do estudo podem ser lidos atendendo a quatro dimensões, nomeadamente: os papéis desempenhados pelos diferentes intervenientes do processo formativo (supervisor institucional, supervisor cooperante, formando), as interações, o processo de reflexão e o de avaliação.  A leitura dos dados, e não obstante a ocorrência de algumas diferenças de opinião, releva a importância de enveredar por práticas supervisivas pautadas pela colaboração e partilha de conhecimentos, no quadro de uma vivência democrática e emancipatória. Relativamente às interações são percebidas como positivas, deixando antever um clima de bom entendimento e cooperação entre os diferentes atores. No que se refere ao processo de reflexão da práxis os resultados apontam para a necessidade de um maior investimento naconstrução de uma linguagem comum e potencialmente facilitadora do desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional de todos. Sobre o processo de avaliação salienta-se o grau de exigência, uma autonomização gradual dos formandos, bem como algumas dificuldades, dado o tempo atribuído à prática de ensino supervisionada. O estudo remete para a importância de um contínuo investimento qualitativamente diferenciado à multiplicidade e diversidade dos contextos supervisivos.
A investigação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciências da Educação, especialização em Supervisão Pedagógica na ESE de Paula Frassinetti
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Elvira , Gonçalves Daniela
Published: November 2015

Instituído pelo Despacho nº 20758/2009 de 15 de setembro (2ª série), o Mestrado em Ciências da Educação, especialização em Supervisão Pedagógica (MCESP) da Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti (ESEPF) já vai na sua 5ª edição e emerge da conscencialização de que, no atual contexto da carreira docente, a supervisão pedagógica assume-se como a via privilegiada para o assumir de responsabilidades de coordenação, enquadramento e avaliação de equipas de professores e agentes educativos. O objetivo desta comunicação consiste em apresentar os resultados da análise efetuada aos 38 trabalhos de projeto do MCESP da instituição de ensino superior supracitada; apresentar-se-á as temáticas selecionadas pelos estudantes, a metodologia adotada e os principais contributos/conclusões após o percurso investigativo, tendo em um inventário e caraterização das temáticas tratadas e natureza metodológica das abordagens efetuadas. Partindo do referencial de trabalhos de projeto já defendidos e disponíveis no repositório e centrar-nos-emos no resumo, na introdução, no capítulo da metodologia de investigação e no capítulo final com vista à identificação dos domínios de investigação e respetivas orientações metodológicas subjacentes a estes trabalhos académicos.
Historical Thinking Skills - The Forgotten Skills?
Authors: Talin Rosy
Published: November 2015

This article explains the discipline structure of History subject in Malaysia. The discipline consists of five concepts: Historical Inquiry, Historical Information Gathering, Historical Thinking Skills (HTS), Historical Explanation, Understanding History and Empathy. Among the five concepts, this article discusses HTS which has been specifically emphasizes in the curriculum. Inclusive in the discussion is the meaning of HTS and the skills it covers - Understanding Chronology, Discovering Historical Evidence, Interpretation, Imagination and Rationalize Facts; its present application in the teaching of history in the classroom, the possibility of its inculcation in the teaching, and the significance of HTS if taught to the younger generation.
Keywords: Historical Thinking Skills, History Teaching, History Learning, Historical Inquiry
Effects of modernization on components of national identity in contemporary European states
Authors: Lazic Mladen , Pesic Jelena
Published: November 2015

The article presents the results of an analysis of attitudes of population in
seventeenEuropean countries on the importance of components of national
identity - cultural, ascriptive and civic - based on the data collected in a
survey (INTUNE project). The hypothesis that modernization processes
influence the strengthening of the civic component as well as the weakening
of ascriptive and cultural components is being checked. Differences in
identity formation between countries with specific historical legacies
(democratic tradition, dominant religious denomination, and ethnic
composition) and structural characteristics (GDP per capita, level of
urbanization, migration rate, and tertiary education attainment rate) is
being analyzed, as well as the significance of different individual
predictors (such as gender, age and university education). In addition to the
confirmation of the basic hypothesis, the results suggest that the
modernization effects of examined factors (economic, cultural and political)
are visible only up to a certain level of development, whereupon they tend to
decrease their influence. The strongest influence on the strength of civic
components is recorded with an economic factor - GDP per capita. Although
civic components proved to be dominant in shaping the national identities
across the examined countries, the other two traits - ascriptive and cultural
- do not disappear, testifying to the still existing hybrid nature of
national identity.
Neomarxist approaches to environmental crisis and sustainable development
Authors: Jovanovic Matija
Published: November 2015

This paper discusses two neomarxist theories of ecological crises - theory of
metabolic rift and the second contradiction of capitalism theory. The goal of
the paper is to present two critical theories and to confront them so
similarities, differences, flaws and contributions of those theories can be
identified. In the first part of the paper author classifies different
approaches to ecological crisis and sustainable development in order to
relate two neomarxist theories to other approaches to the topic. In the
second part, author discusses theory of metabolic rift, which is a heuristic
analysis of Marx?s original work. In other words, this theory represents a
new reading of the classic and tries to integrate it?s new findings about
envirnmental side of Marx?s thought into a contemporary marxist theory. Third
part of the paper is reserved for the second contradiction of capitalism, a
neomarxist theory of economic crisis which can be applied as a theory of
ecological crisis. Two theories are then confronted after which similarities
and differences between them are pointed out. The author concludes the paper
by stressing out the flaws and scientific contributions of the two theories.
Perception of basic income in relation with some socio-demographic features in the area of Split-Dalmatia county
Authors: Relja Renata , Reic-Ercegovac Ina , Blazevic Bruno
Published: November 2015

As a measure of social policy, basic income represents monthly benefit
unconditionally delivered by the state to all members of the society on
individual basis, with the aim to secure provision of basic egsistential
needs. Although the idea of basic income has long history, the concept
recently became more important, particularly in the EU countries, with
attempts of civic initiatives to raise the issue within the agenda of
European Commission. Having in mind the lack of research in this area,
particularly research on citizens? attitudes towards basic income and
possibitlites to introduce it as a measure of social policy, the research was
implemented with aim to explore some socio-demographic determinants of
attitudes towards basic income and motivation for work. The pilot research
was conducted in 2014 over sample of 247 respondents using Questionnaire of
attitudes towards basic income and Questionnaire on socio-demographic
features of respondents. The research results indicated relatively positive
attitudes of respondents towards basic income, while at the same time the
possibilities to introduce such a measure was estimated in less positive
manner. In regard to the work motivation, majority of respondents expressed
their willingness to continue to work even in the situation in which basic
income would be introduced.
A form of creating historical consciousness: The Russian academy and Varangian question
Authors: Djuric Djordje
Published: November 2015

The establishment of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg gave a great
impetus to the development of historiography in Russia, and likewise to the
development of other sciences. The idea of establishing the Academy of
Sciences in Russia came from Peter the Great. Because there did not exist a
system of higher education or a university in Russia at that time, scientists
who were to become the first members of the Academy, had to be brought in
from abroad. The enlightened ruler did not regret spending effort and money
for this purpose. Large sums of money were assigned to the purchase of books
and to the salaries and awards of the future members of the Academy. The
Academy started its activities in December 1725, and during the first few
decades it was led by scientists from abroad, mainly from German countries.
That was also the case with the Humanities Section, which, among other
things, supposed to deal with Russian history. The bases for work at the
Russian Academy in St. Petersburg in the following decades were set by:
Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer, Gerhard Friedrich M?ller and August Ludwig von
Schl?zer. On the bases of the Russian historical material that they
collected, primarily Nestorov letopis (Nestor?s chronicle) that describes the
events of the 9th century, they came to far-reaching conclusions about the
origin of the Russian people and the establishment of the Russian state and
its institutions. This way was opened the so called Varangian question and
formulated Norman theory of the origin of the Russians. In the first half of
the 18th century, Russian historian Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, academician
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov and other Russian scientists opposed to these
theories. During the 19th century, these theories were accepted, with certain
modifications, by the most distinguished Russian bourgeois historians
Karamzin, Soloviev, Pagodin and others. The Bolsheviks mostly rejected these
theories or they were simplified and reduced to the social segment that the
Russian people were oppressed, and that the majority the oppressor elite was
of foreign origin. As is the case with the interpretations of many historical
events and processes, the conclusions related to the Varangian question and
Norman theory were widely influenced by the time in which the author wrote,
and by his political and ideological attitudes. That was perhaps more
pronounced in this case, because it was the question of the origin and
ethnogenesis of the Russian people and the establishment of the Russian state
and its institutions.
Refractory Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma Associated with the Chromosomal Translocation t(13;16)(q14;p13.3)
Authors: Zhou Shengmei , Wang Larry , Panossian Andre , Anselmo Dean , Wu Samuel , Venkatramani Rajkumar
Published: November 2015

We report a 7-year-old male with a history of recurrent kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) in the sacral area and multiple thoracic vertebral lesions. Tumor karyotyping revealed the balanced translocation t(13;16)(q14;p13.3). He had mildly decreased platelet counts but never experienced any episodes of Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon. He was treated with vincristine for 1 year but improvement was minor. Significant clinical improvement was seen with sirolimus therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that KHE is associated with a clonal karyotypic abnormality.
Simulation of transport phenomena and melt pool shape for multiple layer additive manufacturing
Authors: Lee Yousub , Farson Dave F.
Published: November 2015

A three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation of transport phenomena using volume of fluid method is conducted for multiple-layer single track laser additive manufacturing (LAM). It predicts the temperature and fluid flow velocity distributions, transient variation of the melt pool fluid boundary shape and remelting, and solidified build geometry during deposition of successive LAM layers. The prediction showed reasonable accuracy in predicting peak temperature and deposit geometry. The prediction error of peak temperature is less than 2.5%, and prediction error of deposit height and width are less than 12%. Correlations between dimensionless process/material parameters (Pe, Pr, and Ma) and melt pool 3D fluid flow patterns and liquid boundary shape were studied. The analysis showed the hemispherical melt pool free surface in LAM causes the mechanisms that determine melt pool liquid-solid boundary shape to be different from melt pools formed on a flat surface. Although the maximum surface velocity decreased from 8.59 cm s−1 on the first layer to 5.06 cm s−1 on the fifth layer, the outward Marangoni flow is redirected from outward to downward due to the increase of surface curvature from 39.5° on the first layer to 75.9° on the fifth layer. Consequently, the penetration into the solid substrate at the outward edges becomes deeper and the pool bottom becomes more convex. These detailed physical insights provided by process simulations facilitate prediction of localized dimensional variations in LAM builds.
Multifunction Current Differencing Cascaded Transconductance Amplifier (MCDCTA) and Its Application to Current-Mode Multiphase Sinusoidal Oscillator
Authors: Wang Chunhua , Lin Hairong
Published: November 2015

In this study, a new versatile active element, namely multifunction current differencing cascaded transconductance amplifier (MCDCTA), is proposed. This device which adopts a simple configuration enjoys the performances of low-voltage, low-input and high-output impedance, wide bandwidth etc. It simplifies the design of the current-mode analog signal processing circuit greatly, especially the design of high-order filter and oscillator circuits. Moreover, an example as a new current-mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillator (MSO) using MCDCTA is described in this paper. The proposed oscillator, which employs only one MCDCTA and minimum grounded passive elements, is easy to be realized. It can provide random n (n being odd or even) output current signals and these output currents are equally spaced in phase all at high output impedance terminals. Its oscillation condition and the oscillation frequency can be adjusted independently, linearly and electronically by controlling the bias currents of MCDCTA. The operation of the proposed oscillator has been testified through PSPICE simulation and experimental results.
Investigations into Luminescent Properties of Sm(III), Eu(III), Tb(III) and Dy(III) Complexes of Some Schiff-base Ligands
Authors: Shakya Pawan Raj , Tamrakar Cirika Shova
Published: November 2015

Luminescent properties of Sm(III), Eu(III), Tb(III) and Dy(III) complexes of three Schiff-base ligands viz., H2L1, H2L1 and H2L3 [where H2L1 = N,N’-di-(4-decyloxysalicylidene)-1’,4’-diaminobutane; H2L2 = N,N’-di-(4-decyloxysalicylidene)- 2’,6’-diaminopyridine; and H2L3 = N,N’-di-(4-decyloxysalicylidene)-1’,3’-diaminobenzene] synthesized in our earlier work were investigated. The homo dinuclear lanthanide complexes were of the type, [Ln2(LH2)3(NO3)4](NO3)2. Luminescence analysis revealed that among the lanthanide complexes, only Sm(III) complex of H2L1 was found to have displayed characteristic metal-centered emission (solution state) whereas Sm(III), Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes of H2L1 and Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes of H2L3 exhibited ligand-centered emissions.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 19-24
On Certain Topological Structures of Product Normed Space Valued Paranormed Space of Summable Sequences
Authors: Srivastava J.K. , Pahari Narayan Prasad
Published: November 2015

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study a new vector valued sequence space S( ( Z, || ( . , . ) ||Z ), ?, u ) with terms from a product normed space as a generalization of sequence space studied by Srivastava and Pahari (2011) which is itself the generalization of the familiar absolutely summable sequence space l. We investigate its linear structure with respect to the co-ordinate wise vector operation and explore the conditions in terms of different u and ? so that a class is contained in another class of same kind and thereby derive the conditions of their equality. Finally we investigate the paranormed structure of S ( ( Z, || (. , . ) ||Z ), ?, u ) by endowing it with a suitable natural paranorm.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 25-29
Estimation of the Largest and the Smallest Function Values of a Feasible Solution for the Total Product Rate Variation Problem
Authors: Khadka Shree Ram
Published: November 2015

The problem of minimizing the total deviations between the actual and the ideal cumulative production of a variety of models of a common base product arises as a sequencing problem in mixed-model just-in-time production systems. This is called the total product rate variation problem. Several pseudo-polynomial exact algorithms and heuristics have been derived for this problem. In this paper, we estimate the largest and the smallest function values of a feasible solution for the problem when the m-th power of the total deviations between the actual and the ideal cumulative productions has to be minimizedJournal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 35-38
A Cross-Docking Framework for Supply Chain Logistics in Production Scheduling
Authors: Yu Hongnian , Thapa Gyan Bahadur
Published: November 2015

Synchronization of all partners along a supply chain logistics system is one of the challenges in most of the business operations. In this paper, we present a brief literature review of cross-docking approaches for supply chain logistics problem. On describing the problem, we formulate the supply chain logistics problem as a truck sequencing problem to minimize the discrepancies of operation times of inbound and outbound trucks. The problem is decomposed in two sub-problems as inbound and outbound parts as a solution strategy.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 39-44
Distribution of Alcohol Related ALDH2 Genotypes among Six Ethnic Groups of Nepal
Authors: Singh Nanda Bahadur
Published: November 2015

This paper attempts to detect alcohol related ALDH2 genotypes among six ethnic groups of Nepal. The ALDH2*2 allele is rarely found in Caucasians but readily detect in some 50 percent of the Orientals (Mongolians). Altogether 456 blood cum nail samples were collected from six ethnic groups and DNA extraction was carried out by NaI and Phenol-Chloroform methods and finally the samples were subjected to detect the distribution of ALDH2 genotype frequencies by the use of PCR-RFLP method. Allele frequencies were also calculated by the use of Hardy-Weinberg formula for analysis and interpretation. In the case of Nepalese ethnic populations, the ALDH2*2 allele frequency was found to range from the lowest (1%) in the Raute to the highest (8%) in the Gurung through the middle values found in the Chepang (2%) and the Thakali (2.7%), respectively. The prevalence of ALDH2*2 allele in the Dravidian Munda does not rule out its possible genetic admixture with either the Caucasoid or other ethnic groups. ALDH2*2 allele was totally absent in the Caucasoid Chidimar. Therefore, the ALDH2 gene allele frequency demonstrated ethnic distinction. The Chepang showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectation.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 52-56
An Overview of Population Growth Trends of Nepal
Authors: Regmi Laxman Kumar
Published: November 2015

This paper aims to estimate population growth rates of Nepal and also to estimate required time period for doubling population. For this, arithmetic, geometric and exponential growth models are applied. The data are taken from the recent national censuses of Nepal. Population growth trends were 2.10% in 1971, 2.60% in 1981, 2.10% in 1991, 2.25% in 2001 and 1.35% annually in 2011. The trends of urban populations were about 4% in 1971, 6% in 1981, 9% in 1991, 14% in 2001 and 17% in 2011. The population density rose from 79 in 1971 to 181 in 2011. Urban growth rate was 7% whereas it was 2% for rural areas. The population change was found to be 40% in urban whereas 11% in rural areas during 2001-2011. However, overall change was found to be 14% during 2001-2011. The estimated growth rates were found to be 1.44%, 1.35% and 1.35% by using arithmetic, geometric and exponential respectively. The estimated time period for doubling populations was found to be 67 year by arithmetic growth model and 50 years by geometric and exponential growth model. The findings of this paper may help policy-makers and planners for designing population policy of Nepal.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 52-61
Ethno-medicinal Uses of Animals and Plants among the Migratory Tangbetons of Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Paudyal Ranju , Singh N.B.
Published: November 2015

This paper attempts to study various uses of medicinal animals and plants among the migratory Tangbetons of Nepal who were migrated to Pokhara Sub-Metro Politian City from Tangbe Village in Mustang district. Direct observation, questionnaire survey and key informant interview were conducted during the study period. Information about the medicinal plants and animals were given mainly by the Amchi and their information was taken from the elder persons. Finally, this paper recorded 17 medicinal animal species and 60 widely used medicinal plant species for the treatment of various diseases.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 145-149
Adsorptive Removal of As(III) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bhattarai Pushpa , Bohra Khagendra Prasad , Pokhrel Megh Raj
Published: November 2015

The iron-modified Dalbergia sissoo sawdust was synthesized by loading iron (III) onto phosphorylated Dalbergia sissoo sawdust via soaking in a ferric salt solution. Batch studies were performed at an initial concentration of 1 mg/l to evaluate the effect of parameters such as pH, equilibrium time, adsorbent dose and concentration of adsorbate. Kinetics and isotherm modeling studies demonstrated that the experimental data best fit a pseudo-first order and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 1.33 mg/g for As(III) onto FePDSD suggesting the suitability of chemically modified Dalbergia sissoo sawdust for the adsorptive removal of As(III) from aqueous solution.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 150-154
An Overview of the Journal of Institute of Science and Technology: Problems, Challenges and Future Prospects
Authors: Budha Prem Bahadur
Published: November 2015

In its inception, the Journal of Institute of Science (JIS) was published in 1978 which was transformed to the Journal of Institute of Science and Technology (JIST) after the 7th volume published in 1984. The journal publication was stopped from 1989 to 2001 and resumed again from 2002 onward. The journal was published in every two years’ interval from 2002 to 2012, but with current chief editor, two issues in a year have been published from 2013 onward. The number of papers in JIST ranges from 3 to 32 comprising 1 page of review paper (vol. 18(2) in 2014) to 27 (vol. 3 in 1980). The most of contributing authors in all issues are mainly from Nepal with some contributors from India, China, Japan, Australia, Israel, Norway, USA, UK, Sweden, Spain, and Germany. Although the high quality papers have been used in the journal, paper citation rate is very poor due to its limited circulation in the academic market. The present paper highlights the past and current problems, challenges and future prospects to publish the journal efficiently with a view to make it available to wide range of readers with better quality papers.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 1-6
Gastro-intestinal Parasites of Assamese Macaque (Macaca assamensis Hodgson, 1840) in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Geeta , Maharjan Mahendra
Published: November 2015

The macaque is a member of the sub family Cercopithecinae and family Cercopithecidae of primate order of mammalian class. Among five species of monkeys reported from Nepal, Assamese Macaque is one of the less common primate species. A total of 85 fresh faecal samples of Assamese Macaque (Macaca assamensis) were collected from Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP), Kathmandu, Nepal. All the samples were macroscopically as well as microscopically examined to identify the distribution of gastrointestinal parasites using faecal floatation and Sedimentation techniques. The result revealed the distribution of three species of protozoan and seven species of helminthes parasite among Assamese Macaque of SNNP with the prevalence rate of 72.94% (62/85). Among protozoan parasites, Balantidium coli showed the highest prevalence (28.24%) followed by Entamoeba sp. (20%), and Isospora sp. (3.53%). Ascaris sp. was found to be distributed maximum (10.58%) among helminth parasites followed by Trichuris sp. (9.41%), Strongyloides sp. (8.24%), Moniezia sp. (8.24%), Oesophagostomum sp. (4.7%), Hookworm (4.7%) and Physeloptera sp.(1.17%). The present study highlights the necessity of considering parasitic diseases as one of the threat in conservation of Assamese Macaque.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 53-57
HIV/AIDS in Migrant People of Dang District of Nepal
Authors: Oli Karna Bahadur , Maharjan Mahendra
Published: November 2015

Present status of HIV/AIDS among the migrant people of Dang district along with Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) was assessed by blood testing and questionnaire survey. A total of 1102 blood samples from migrants as well as spouse of migrants were tested for HIV using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits as recommended by national HIV testing protocol. The overall HIV prevalence was found to be 0.6% in Dang district during the year 2012 – 2013. Migrants and spouse of migrants were infected in the equal ratio (0.3%). Maximum of the participants were among the age group 18-34 years and most of them had attained lower secondary level education. Maximum (97.3%) respondents had knowledge about the family planning methods and practice of condom use among the married population was also satisfactory. About 16% of the participants had expressed their practice of sexual relationship outside more than once, which signifies vulnerability to HIV infection. Maximum married females were suffered from Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) which may lead to infection such as Syphilis and HIV/AIDS.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 71-75
Early Monsoon Time Local Flow Characteristics over the Hetauda Valley and its Implications
Authors: Acharya S. , Neupane S. , Shrestha R. , Chapagain C. , Acharya P. , Maharjan S. , Regmi R.
Published: November 2015

The early monsoon time atmospheric transport processes over the Hetauda valley, the closest low-land that accommodates the third largest industrial district of Nepal, has been studied with the application of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Modeling System initialized with NCEP meteorological and USGS terrain elevation and land-use data. The study reveals that the mixing layer over the Hetauda valley may evolve as much as 3 km above the surface during the afternoon time. The near surface atmosphere of the valley appears very weakly stratified even in the early morning time indicating that prevailing meteorology over the valley favors efficient dispersion of air pollutants. The study also reveals that the daytime upslope winds over the Hetauda valley and associated northern mountains effectively intrude into the Kathmandu valley enhancing the southwesterly and northwesterly wind system of the valley. Intrusion of local flows appears to be accompanied with the excitation of mountain waves and plain-to-plateau wind. Formation of lowlevel rotors over the Hetauda valley, excitation of mountain waves and the strong downdrafts over the southwestern part of the Kathmandu valley may put aircrafts into high risk. The pattern of local flow fields strongly suggest that the increase emissions over the Hetauda valley can have significant help to further deteriorate the already unhealthy air of Kathmandu.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 109-117
Distribution and Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Karra River, Hetauda, Nepal
Authors: Pradhanang Sadhana
Published: November 2015

A five-step sequential extraction procedure was applied for the determination of the distribution of four elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni) in sediment of the Karra River. Sediment samples were collected from 16 different sites in the Karra River (upstream, industrial belt, downstream). The distribution of trace metals among exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, oxidizable and residual fractions were determined. The total concentration of metals varies in the range of Cr 72–4339.54 mg kg?1, Mn 22–411.93 mg kg?1, Fe 2967.23-32423.0 mg kg?1 and Ni 31.70-180.74 mg kg?1. The accuracy evaluated by comparing total trace metal concentrations with the sum of the five individual fractions proved to be satisfactory. The chemical speciation of Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni in most sampling stations were in the order of residual > reducible > oxidazable > carbonate> exchangeable. Fractionation analysis showed that dominant metals are in residual fraction. The highest metal concentrations were observed at the most polluted sites of the industrial belt. High concentration of chromium was found in the Fe-Mn oxide and organic fraction in some of the sites of industrial belt.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 123-128
Hyperperfusion Syndrome - A Review Article
Authors: Neki NS
Published: November 2015

Hyperperfusion syndrome (HPS) is a clinical and neuro radiological entity characterized by headache, vomiting, altered mental status, blurred vision and seizures as well as images suggesting whitegray matter edema involving in most cases posterior regions of the brain, as demonstrated by magnetic resonance image. The development of HPS is most commonly associated with hypertensive encephalopathy, preeclampsia-eclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, and immunosuppressive/cytotoxic drug.While elevated or relatively elevated blood pressure is common in many of these disorders, some hyperperfusion states such as calcineurininhibitor toxicity occur with no apparent pressure rise. In these cases, vasogenic edema is likely due primarily to dysfunction of the capillary endothelium itself, leading to breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Modern imaging techniques and experimental models suggest that vasogenic edema is usually the primary process leading to neurologic dysfunction; therefore, prompt recognition and management of this condition should allow for clinical recovery if superimposed hemorrhage or infarction has not occurred.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 25-30
Two Cases of Young Females Suffering From Stroke with Protein S Deficiency
Authors: Hasan Pratyay , Chowdhury Shamim , Kabir Ahmedul , Deb Sudip Ranjan , Hossain Mahbub , Hossain Anwar , Bhuiyan Mamunur Rashid
Published: November 2015

Young stroke or stroke with undetermined cause is an interesting phenomenon. Though in the absence of any epidemiological study, or available statistical data, true prevalence or incidence of these types of clinical problems in our country cannot be determined, there is a growing concern among the clinicians about the emergence of such diseases in ourpopulation. There is even less familiarity of us with the protein S and problems arising from its deficiency. Though its role is well established in causing thrombophilia derived venous thrombosis, in recent days it has been implicated and recognized as an important factor causing arterial thrombosis and diseases like strokes, especially in the young. We present here two cases of young strokes, both females, who got admitted into same Medicine Unit in Dhaka Medical College Hospital within a year and subsequently, after exclusion of every possible typical and atypical causes, were found with Protein S deficiency.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2015; 26 (1) : 39-42
Clinical Pattern of Liver Abscess among the Patients Admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Ghosh Chanchal Kumar , Alam Fakhrul , Mahmuduzzaman M , Kabir AKM Shamsul , Uddoula M Saif , Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Liver abscess is an important clinical problem in tropical regions of the world. Current assessment of liver abscesses should allow for better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of the disease. This study was conducted to find the clinical pattern and aetiopathogenesis of liver abscess in patients admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital.Methodology: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) on consecutive 34 patients of liver abscess admitted between the period of July 2002 and June 2003. Detailed history and clinical examination were performed in all patients. All routine investigations were done. Liver abscess was confirmed by ultrasonography (USG). Aspiration of liver abscess was done under sonographic guidance in the Nuclear Medicine Department of RMCH to diagnose the cause of liver abscess. Aspirated materials were sent for microscopical examination and culture and sensitivity in the Department of Microbiology of the same Institute.Result: The findings showed that early middle-aged population were usually affected by liver abscess followed by middle aged (mean age around 40 years). The patients were predominantly male with males being 16 times more likely to suffer from the disease than the females. Most of the patients belong to low socioeconomic status (82.4%). All patients had fever and malaise. Other common manifestations were loss of appetite, lump in the abdomen, intercostal tenderness, nausea/ vomiting, loss of weight. Less common presentations were diarrhoea (29.4%), jaundice (23.5%), cough (11.8%), chest pain (11.8%) and breathlessness (2.9%). Liver span of the patients measured by ultra-sonogram showed hepatomegaly in all cases. All patients with pyogenic liver abscess and 75% of the patients with amoebic abscess had the history of prolonged intake of fermented palm juice (palm wine). Microscopic examination of the pus/aspirate drawn from the liver revealed trophozoite in 7(20.6%) cases. However, on culture of the specimen, 12(35.3%) were culture positive and 22(64.7%) were culture negative.Conclusion: Middle-aged male with low socioeconomic status with the history of prolonged palm wine intake are the most common characteristic of patients with liver abscess. Multi-center study with large sample size is recommended to verify the findings of the present study.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2015; 26 (2) : 55-60
Effectiveness of Methotrexate and Salfasalazine Alone Versus Methotrexate and Sulphasalazine Combination in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baset Md Abdul , Das Bidhu Bhusan , Sarkar Devendra Nath , Ahmed Mainuddinin , Hossain Md Ismail , Tanzin Mirza Sumaiya , Begum Mst Fahmiah , Ohab Md Abdul , Alam Md Shafiul , Rahman Mahfuzer
Published: November 2015

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology that is characterized by symmetric synovitis and the propensity to cause joint destruction, disability and premature death. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) slow the natural course of the disease, reduce joint damage and pain, and retard loss of function and disability. Disease modifying agents should be started as early as possible. A number of studies demonstrating the effectiveness of combinations of DMARDs in early RA.Methods: This is a comparative descriptive type of study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Rangpur Medical College and Hospital, Rangpur & Medicine Specialists Chambers, Rangpur, over a period of 2 (two) years from July 2010 to June 2012 on newly diagnosed RA patients on the basis of ACR criteria. The 30 patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I got MTX, Group II got SSZ and Group III got MTX & SSZ. Purposive consecutive sampling method was employed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcome of patients of rheumatoid arthritis treated with MTX or SSZ alone versus MTX and SSZ in combination. The primary outcome measure was change in DAS28.Results: The mean DAS 28 score baseline was found 7.23±0.44 in group I, 7.29±0.39 in group II and 7.86±0.41 in group III. The mean DAS 28 score end of the study was 4.24±0.39 in group I, 4.85±0.54 in group II and 3.08±0.36 in group III. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001) among the three groups. There is no toxicity found in any group. Regarding side effects, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) among the three groups.Conclusion : This study suggests that the mean changes in the DAS28 score significantly lower in those who received combination therapy compared with those who received either MTX or SSZ alone during one year follow up.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2015; 26 (2) : 67-75
Acute Pancreatitis Complicated with Combined Copper Sulphate and Kerosene Poisoning A Case Report
Authors: Amin Md Robed , Anonnya Kaniz Fatema , Khosru Md Omar , Manik Abul Hayat , Mohammad Raquib Hasan
Published: November 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Medicine Jul 2015; 26 (2) : 79-82
From the Desk of Editor-in-Chief Vol.5(3)
Authors: Khan Md Aminul Haque
Published: November 2015

Abstract not availableJ Enam Med Col 2015; 5(3): 133
Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Clinical and Electrophysiological Features of Hospitalized Patients with Gullain-Barre´ Syndrome
Authors: Huda Md Nazmul , Khan Mohammed Momenuzzaman , Azam Bakhtiar , Uddin Md Jalal
Published: November 2015

Background: Since the elimination of poliomyelitis from most part of the world Gullain-Barre' Syndrome (GBS) has been the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis which leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. Though GBS has received a lot of attention in developed countries, there is a paucity of reports on the GBS from the developing world including Bangladesh.Objective: The objective of the study was to correlate clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and electrophysiological findings of hospitalized Gullain-Barre´ syndrome patients for early diagnosis and appropriate management.Materials and Methods: A total of 47 clinically diagnosed GBS patients admitted in Neurology, Medicine and Pediatrics departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) were included in this quasi-experimental study. Biochemical, cytological and bacteriological studies of CSF of these patients were done. Electrophysiological studies of all subjects were done and values were compared with upper and lower limits of normal.Results: In this study, antecedent event were present in 55.30% cases and upper respiratory infection (23.40%) and gastroenteritis (21.30%) were the commonest antecedent disorders. All the study patients had numbness or paresthesia and limb weakness, and muscle pain was in 44.7% cases, facial weakness in 36.2% cases, ophthalmoplegia or ptosis in 6.4% and bulbar involvement was in 6.4% cases. Most of the patients (95.7%) had deep tendon hypo/areflexia followed by respiratory distress (21.3%), and ataxia (19.1%). Majority of the study patients (57.4%) required one week time to develop maximum deficit. Maximum subjects (70.2%) had motor type GBS followed by sensorimotor type (21.3%), Miller-Fisher type (6.4%) and sensory type (2.1%). Eighty three percent of the study patients had CSF protein concentration >45 mg/dL with mean ± SD of 71.32 ± 20.20 mg/dL (37112 mg/dL). The cell count in CSF was <5 per mm3 in 95.7% of the study patients with mean ±SD cell count of 3.2 ± 1.80/mm3 (215 cells per mm3). The mean ± SD time to perform EMG was 9.4 ± 3.6 days with a range from 517 days and the mean ± SD disability grade at that time to EMG was 3.6 ± 0.9 with a range from 25. Regarding the electrodiagnostic types, the commonest pattern (40.40%) was found AIDP, AMAN was 29.80%, AMSAN 19.15% and mixed pattern was in 10.65% of the patients.Conclusion: This study reveals that clinical, CSF and electrophysiological findings accurately diagnose the GBS patients along with typing of GBS.J Enam Med Col 2015; 5(3): 145-150
Role of Laparoscopy in Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Banu Hasina , Hui Ju Wen , Hua Liu
Published: November 2015

Ectopic pregnancy means implantation of fertilized ovum outside the endometrial lining of the uterus. It remains the leading cause of early pregnancy-related death. Delay in diagnosis and treatment puts the life of women at risk. Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly becoming the preferred approach for ectopic pregnancy management. Laparoscopic treatment in ectopic pregnancy raises question of safety and feasibility when compared to laparotomy. In this review article our objective is to summarize the role of laparoscopy in management of ectopic pregnancy in comparison to laparotomy. For this, a literature search was done by using Google and PubMed. The selected articles were analyzed on laparoscopic treatment outcomes such as surgery success rate, operating time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, hospital stay, future fertility, postoperative recurrent ectopic pregnancy, cost-effectiveness in comparison to laparotomy. After analyzing all selected articles, it can be concluded that the laparoscopic management of ectopic pregnancy is safe, effective, and economical in comparision to laparotomy. So, for the patients benefit, laparoscopy should be considered as the gold standard method in management of ectopic pregnancy and is worthy to be popularized in clinical practice.J Enam Med Col 2015; 5(3): 170-174
Dancing in Early Productions of The Beggar's Opera
Authors: Barlow Jeremy , Goff Moira
Published: November 2015

John Gay's The Beggar's Opera was accepted for production by John Rich, manager at the Theatre Royal, Lincoln's Inn Fields, and received its premiere in January 1728. With its twin satirical targets of Italian opera and political corruption, and its fresh approach to musical entertainment, the opera had an unprecedented success during its first season and continued to be performed every year in London for the remainder of the century. Alongside the many songs, the libretto indicates three contrasting ensemble dances, introduced at key moments of the drama. These dances have been overlooked in most studies of The Beggar's Opera. The article investigates the significance of the dances within the ballad opera, the dancers who may have performed them and what they may have been dancing. Each dance and its music is analysed in detail, and placed within the context of the dance repertoire and wider theatrical background at Lincoln's Inn Fields. The authors also demonstrate the importance of dance in attracting audiences at Lincoln's Inn Fields; and show how, as box office receipts for The Beggar's Opera eventually declined, Rich stimulated demand by introducing divertissements and entr'acte dances unrelated to the show.