bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of general practitioner- versus surgeon-led colon cancer survivorship care: an economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vos Julien A. M. , El Alili Mohamed , Duineveld Laura A. M. , Wieldraaijer Thijs , Wind Jan , Sert Edanur , Donkervoort Sandra C. , Govaert Marc J. P. M. , van Geloven Nanette A. W. , van de Ven Anthony W. H. , Heuff Gijsbert , van Weert Henk C. P. M. , Bosmans Judith E. , van Asselt Kristel M. ,   on behalf of the ICARE study group
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to assess cost-effectiveness of general practitioner (GP) versus surgeon-led colon cancer survivorship care from a societal perspective.

Methods

We performed an economic evaluation alongside the I CARE study, which included 303 cancer patients (stages I–III) who were randomised to survivorship care by a GP or surgeon. Questionnaires were administered at baseline, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-months. Costs included healthcare costs (measured by iMTA MCQ) and lost productivity costs (SF-HLQ). Disease-specific quality of life (QoL) was measured using EORTC QLQ-C30 summary score and general QoL using EQ-5D-3L quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Missing data were imputed. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated to relate costs to effects on QoL. Statistical uncertainty was estimated using bootstrapping.

Results

Total societal costs of GP-led care were significantly lower compared to surgeon-led care (mean difference of − €3895; 95% CI − €6113; − €1712). Lost productivity was the main contributor to the difference in societal costs (− €3305; 95% CI − €5028; − €1739). The difference in QLQ-C30 summary score over time between groups was 1.33 (95% CI − 0.049; 3.15). The ICER for QLQ-C30 was − 2073, indicating that GP-led care is dominant over surgeon-led care. The difference in QALYs was − 0.021 (95% CI − 0.083; 0.040) resulting in an ICER of 129,164.

Conclusions

GP-led care is likely to be cost-effective for disease-specific QoL, but not for general QoL.

Implications for cancer survivors

With a growing number of cancer survivors, GP-led survivorship care could help to alleviate some of the burden on more expensive secondary healthcare services.
Designing for Care
Authors: Frigo Giovanni , Milchram Christine , Hillerbrand Rafaela
Published: April 2023

This article introduces Designing for Care (D4C), a distinctive approach to project management and technological design informed by Care Ethics. We propose to conceptualize “care” as both the foundational value of D4C and as its guiding mid-level principle. As a value, care provides moral grounding. As a principle, it equips D4C with moral guidance to enact a caring process. The latter is made of a set of concrete, and often recursive, caring practices. One of the key assumption of D4C is a relational ontology of individual and group identities, which fosters the actualization of caring practices as essentially relational and (often) reciprocal. Moreover, D4C adopts the “ecological turn” in CE and stresses the ecological situatedness and impact of concrete projects, envisioning an extension of caring from intra-species to inter-species relations. We argue that care and caring can influence directly some of the phases and practices within the management of (energy) projects and the design of sociotechnical (energy) artefacts and systems. When issues related to “value change” emerge as problematic (e.g., values trade-offs, conflicts), the mid-level guiding principle of care helps evaluate and prioritize different values at stake within specific projects. Although there may be several actors and stakeholders involved in project management and technological design, here we will focus on the professionals in charge of imagining, designing, and carrying out these processes (i.e., project managers, designers, engineers). We suggest that adopting D4C would improve their ability to capture and assess stakeholders’ values, critically reflect on and evaluate their own values, and judge which values prioritize. Although D4C may be adaptable to different fields and design contexts, we recommend its use especially within small and medium-scale (energy) projects. To show the benefits of adopting it, we envisage the application of D4C within the project management and the technological design of a community battery. The adoption of D4C can have multiple positive effects: transforming the mentality and practice of managing a project and designing technologies; enhancing caring relationships between managers, designers, and users as well as among users; achieving better communication, more inclusive participation, and more just decision-making. This is an initial attempt to articulate the structure and the procedural character of D4C. The application of D4C in a concrete project is needed to assess its actual impact, benefits, and limitations.
Reliability and generality of the novel pop-out effect following passive pre-exposure to array items
Authors: McCarthy John D. , Reed Phil
Published: April 2023

Novel pop-out refers to the relative ease in locating an unfamiliar target against a background of familiar distractors in visual search tasks. For instance, when one novel item is presented along with three familiar items, it is located faster than when the target is itself familiar, or when all items are novel or familiar. However, the reliability and generality of the novel pop-out effect has been questioned. Three experiments with human participants examined the reliability of within-array novel pop-out effects, and explored the conditions under which these effects can be obtained. The degree to which subjects could identify a novel item when presented against a background of familiar items, or against a background of other novel items, was assessed using two different visual search tasks. Experiments 1 and 3 replicated the theoretically important within-array novel pop-out effect, using the original procedure adopted by Johnston and colleagues. In the current studies, the array items were rendered novel or familiar by virtue of their previous absence or presence, respectively, in a pre-exposure phase, which allowed greater control over their novelty or familiarity. However, the use of this procedure abolished the typically-reported advantage for all-familiar versus all-novel arrays (Experiments 2 and 3). It is suggested that any model of attention should be sensitive to the present goal state of the subject, and that the literature on latent inhibition may provide one such mechanism through which such a set of effects could be explained.
"Can I please postpone my dentist appointment?" - Exploring a new area of procrastination
Authors: Rapoport Olga , Möcklinghoff Sarah , Merz Simon , Neidhardt Eva
Published: April 2023

It is known that both procrastination and self-compassion are associated with health behaviours in the sense that the former reduces them and the latter increases them. It is also known that regular visits to the doctor and especially to the dentist are part of a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of procrastination and self-compassion on dental attendance. For this purpose, a new questionnaire was designed and confirmed by means of an explorative factor analysis. The results show that procrastination has an influence on dental attendance, even when the influence of dental anxiety is excluded. No conclusion can be drawn about the influence of self-compassion on dental attendance.These results open up a new area in which procrastination plays an important role and which has been neglected until now. The study emphasises the importance of further research into procrastination behaviour in the health area, in order to be able to minimise it in the long term.
Efficient soluble PTCBI-type non-fullerene acceptor materials for organic solar cells
Authors: Gao Xiang , Sun Fengbo , Tong Xinzhu , Zheng Xufan , Wang Yinuo , Xiao Cong , Li Pengcheng , Yang Renqiang , Wang Xunchang , Liu Zhitian
Published: April 2023

Single perylene diimide (PDI) used as a non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) in organic solar cells (OSCs) is enticing because of its low cost and excellent stability. To improve the photovoltaic performance, it is vital to narrow the bandgap and regulate the stacking behavior. To address this challenge, we synthesize soluble perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI) molecules with a bulky side chain at the bay region, by replacing the widely used “swallow tail” type alkyl chains at the imide position of PDI molecules with a planar benzimidazole structure. Compared with PDI molecules, PTCBI molecules exhibit red-shifted UV–vis absorption spectra with larger extinction coefficient, and one magnitude higher electron mobility. Finally, OSCs based on one soluble PTCBI-type NFA, namely MAS-7, exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.34%, which is significantly higher than that of the corresponding PDI-based OSCs and is the highest PCE of PTCBI-based OSCs reported. These results highlight the potential of soluble PTCBI derivatives as NFAs in OSCs.

Graphical abstract
Coronary Perfusion After Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Small Aortic Root: In Vitro Experimental Assessment
Authors: Jaworek Michal , Gelpi Guido , Perico Francesca , Romagnoni Claudia , Tasca Giordano , Salurso Eleonora , Contino Monica , Redaelli Alberto , Fiore Gianfranco Beniamino , Vismara Riccardo
Published: April 2023

Coronary flow obstruction following transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve implantation (VIV-TAVI) is associated with a high mortality risk. The aim of this work was to quantify the coronary perfusion after VIV-TAVI in a high-risk aortic root anatomy. 3D printed models of small aortic root were used to simulate the implantation of a TAVI prosthesis (Portico 23) into surgical prostheses (Trifecta 19 and 21). The aortic root models were tested in a pulsatile in vitro bench setup with a coronary perfusion simulator. The tests were performed at baseline and post-VIV-TAVI procedure in aligned and misaligned commissural configurations under simulated hemodynamic rest and exercise conditions. The experimental design provided highly controllable and repeatable flow and pressure conditions. The left and right coronary mean flow did not differ significantly at pre- and post-VIV-TAVI procedure in any tested configurations. The commissural misalignment did not induce any significant alterations to the coronary flow.

Graphical Abstract

High-risk aortic root anatomy did not trigger coronary ostia obstruction or coronary flow alteration after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in a surgical bioprosthesis as shown from in-vitro flow loop tests.
Integer programming column generation: accelerating branch-and-price using a novel pricing scheme for finding high-quality solutions in set covering, packing, and partitioning problems
Authors: Maher Stephen J. , Rönnberg Elina
Published: April 2023

Large-neighbourhood search (LNS) heuristics are important mathematical programming techniques that search for primal feasible solutions by solving an auxiliary problem with a restricted feasible region. Extending such powerful generic LNS heuristics to the branch-and-price context is inherently challenging. The most prominent challenges arise from the fact that in branch-and-price algorithms, columns are generated with the sole aim to solve linear programming relaxations. Hence, the ability to form integer feasible solutions is not considered during the generation of columns. Without any changes to the standard pricing schemes, the potential of deploying generic LNS heuristics within a branch-and-price procedure is severely limited. This paper proposes a matheuristic, based on an LNS heuristic framework, where the novelty is a customised pricing scheme for generating columns to solve an auxiliary problem. The theoretical foundation for this pricing scheme is a set of optimality conditions for integer programs. From this foundation, a column generation strategy is developed for finding columns that are likely to be of use in high-quality primal feasible solutions for the original problem. The proposed matheuristic is implemented in the generic branch-price-and-cut solver GCG. On a broad test set comprising classical block diagonal structured instances and general instances from the MIPLIB 2017 Collection, the computational results show a significant improvement to the solving performance of GCG.
Hydro-chemical Characteristics of Melt Water Draining from Glaciers of Rongdo Basin, Shyok Valley, Ladakh
Authors: Majeed Zahid , Mukhtar Muneer A. , Bhat Nadeem A. , Misra Rakesh , Qureshi Anayat Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Physico-chemical parameters of meltwater of 20 water samples from glaciers of Rongdo basin, Shyok valley are presented here. The concentration of cations and anions of the two valleys were found in the order Ca>Mg>Na>K and HCO3>SO4>Cl>NO3 respectively. Significant altitudinal variation was found in major ions as indicated by the increase of TDS of glacial melt and stream water samples downstream. Gibbs plot shows chemical weathering of the rock forming minerals as the main cause for contributing ions to the melt water. The dominant order of hydrogeochemical water types identified is Ca-HCO3, is due to the water rock interaction which leads to the easy dissolution of carbonate and silicate minerals. However, few glacial melt and stream water have the influence of precipitation and meltwater runoff on chemistry. The hot spring falls in Na-HCO3 type, a typical of deeper groundwater influenced by ion exchange processes. Scatter plots of HCO3+SO4 vs. Ca/Na Plot and Ca/Na vs. HCO3/Na clearly indicates that the weathering of carbonate and silicate play a dominant role on groundwater chemistry. Two chloro-alkaline indices indicate reverse exchange reaction between Na+, K+, Mg2+and Ca2+. The physical parameters and major ions are within the permissible concentrations as per WHO and BIS indicating water is good for drinking and domestic purposes. The groundwater is suitable for irrigation as per the quality parameters and plots including EC, sodium percent (Na%) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR).
A Self-Contained Karma Economy for the Dynamic Allocation of Common Resources
Authors: Elokda Ezzat , Bolognani Saverio , Censi Andrea , Dörfler Florian , Frazzoli Emilio
Published: April 2023

This paper presents karma mechanisms, a novel approach to the repeated allocation of a scarce resource among competing agents over an infinite time. Examples include deciding which ride hailing trip requests to serve during peak demand, granting the right of way in intersections or lane mergers, or admitting internet content to a regulated fast channel. We study a simplified yet insightful formulation of these problems where at every instant two agents from a large population get randomly matched to compete over the resource. The intuitive interpretation of a karma mechanism is “If I give in now, I will be rewarded in the future.” Agents compete in an auction-like setting where they bid units of karma, which circulates directly among them and is self-contained in the system. We demonstrate that this allows a society of self-interested agents to achieve high levels of efficiency without resorting to a (possibly problematic) monetary pricing of the resource. We model karma mechanisms as dynamic population games and guarantee the existence of a stationary Nash equilibrium. We then analyze the performance at the stationary Nash equilibrium numerically. For the case of homogeneous agents, we compare different mechanism design choices, showing that it is possible to achieve an efficient and ex-post fair allocation when the agents are future aware. Finally, we test the robustness against agent heterogeneity and propose remedies to some of the observed phenomena via karma redistribution.
Influence maximization in social networks: a survey of behaviour-aware methods
Authors: Zareie Ahmad , Sakellariou Rizos
Published: April 2023

Social networks have become an increasingly common abstraction to capture the interactions of individual users in a number of everyday activities and applications. As a result, the analysis of such networks has attracted lots of attention in the literature. Among the topics of interest, a key problem relates to identifying so-called influential users for a number of applications, which need to spread messages. Several approaches have been proposed to estimate users’ influence and identify sets of influential users in social networks. A common basis of these approaches is to consider links between users, that is, structural or topological properties of the network. To a lesser extent, some approaches take into account users’ behaviours or attitudes. Although a number of surveys have reviewed approaches based on structural properties of social networks, there has been no comprehensive review of approaches that take into account users’ behaviour. This paper attempts to cover this gap by reviewing and proposing a taxonomy of such behaviour-aware methods to identify influential users in social networks.
Connective Adaptive Resistance Exercise (CARE) Machines for Accentuated Eccentric and Eccentric-Only Exercise: Introduction to an Emerging Concept
Authors: Nuzzo James L. , Pinto Matheus D. , Nosaka Kazunori
Published: April 2023

Eccentric resistance exercise emphasizes active muscle lengthening against resistance. In the past 15 years, researchers and practitioners have expressed considerable interest in accentuated eccentric (i.e., eccentric overload) and eccentric-only resistance exercise as strategies for enhancing performance and preventing and rehabilitating injuries. However, delivery of eccentric resistance exercise has been challenging because of equipment limitations. Previously, we briefly introduced the concept of connected adaptive resistance exercise (CARE)—the integration of software and hardware to provide a resistance that adjusts in real time and in response to the individual’s volitional force within and between repetitions. The aim of the current paper is to expand this discussion and explain the potential for CARE technology to improve the delivery of eccentric resistance exercise in various settings. First, we overview existing resistance exercise equipment and highlight its limitations for delivering eccentric resistance exercise. Second, we describe CARE and explain how it can accomplish accentuated eccentric and eccentric-only resistance exercise in a new way. We supplement this discussion with preliminary data collected with CARE technology in laboratory and non-laboratory environments. Finally, we discuss the potential for CARE technology to deliver eccentric resistance exercise for various purposes, e.g., research studies, rehabilitation programs, and home-based or telehealth interventions. Overall, CARE technology appears to permit completion of eccentric resistance exercise feasibly in both laboratory and non-laboratory environments and thus has implications for researchers and practitioners in the fields of sports medicine, physiotherapy, exercise physiology, and strength and conditioning. Nevertheless, formal investigations into the impact of CARE technology on participation in eccentric resistance exercise and clinical outcomes are still required.
Base Vibration Effects on Additive Manufactured Part Quality
Authors: Jensen N. J. , Parker G. G. , Blough J. R.
Published: April 2023

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has opened the door for portable and self-sufficient fabrication. However, environments with base vibration degrade part quality during production. This work focuses on investigating and mitigating the effects of base vibration on AM part quality. Factors influencing part quality initiated the approach, followed by experiments on an extrusion-type printer to inspect and minimize vibration effects. Part roughness was used as the part quality metric based on preliminary experimental observations. A modal impact test identified the print bed and print head gantry as vibration-sensitive components at ≈ 40 Hz. These vibration modes were targeted with experiments to evaluate and reduce vibration effects. Vibration originating from machine operation and vertical base vibration were compared. Part quality was impacted by base vibration 600 × more than by machine operation. Part roughness correlated with vertical base vibration intensity as the roughness standard deviation increased over 85%, from 187.71 μ in to 349.01 μ in, for parts printed with base vibration compared to parts printed without. This result indicated base vibration as the primary vibration source that leads to part quality degradation. A passive vibration control scheme was implemented resulting in a 93% reduction in the relative motion between the print head and bed, from 23.71 to 1.75 g/g, and a 16% improvement in part surface roughness, from 1015.60 to 850.39 μ in. This research provides direction for extending AM to harsh operational environments.
A techno-economic approach for decision-making in metal additive manufacturing: metal extrusion versus single and multiple laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Parenti Paolo , Puccio Dario , Semeraro Quirico , Colosimo Bianca Maria
Published: April 2023

This work presents a decision-making methodology that allows the merging of quantitative and qualitative decision variables for selecting the optimal metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. The approach is applied on two competing technologies in the field of metal AM industry, i.e., the metal extrusion AM process (metal FFF) and the Laser Powder Bed Fusion process (LPBF) with single and multiple lasers, which represent the benchmark solution currently on the market. A comprehensive techno-economical comparison is presented where the two processes are analysed in terms of process capabilities (quality, easiness of use, setup time, range of possible materials, etc.) and costs, considering two different production scenarios and different parts’ geometries. In the first scenario, the AM system is assumed to be dedicated to one single part production while in this second scenario, the AM system is assumed to be saturated, as devoted to producing a wide mix of part types. For each scenario, two different part types made of 17–4 PH stainless steel are considered as a reference to investigate the effect of shape complexity, part size and production times to select the best technology when metal FFF and LPBF must be considered. The first part type refers to an extrusion die, to represent typical shapes of interest in the tooling industry, while the second part type is an impeller which can be used in many different industrial sectors, ranging from oil and gas to aerospace. In order to include quantitative and qualitative criteria, a decision-making model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed as the enabler tool for decision making. The proposed approach allows to determine the most effective solution depending on the different production configurations and part types and can be used as a guideline and extended to include other technologies in the field of metal AM. On the other side, the critical discussion of the criteria selected, and the results achieved allow to highlight the pros and cons of the competing technologies, thus defining the existing limits to define directions for future research.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluation of image segmentation and multi class object recognition algorithm based on machine learning
Authors: Zhang Le
Published: April 2023

This paper mainly updates the image segmentation and multi-target recognition algorithm through the support vector machine algorithm in ML, and verifies the reliability of the new proposed algorithm through simulation experiments, and determines that the ML-based image segmentation and multi-target recognition algorithm can have stronger processing capability in image recognition and processing. Finally, the performance of traditional image segmentation and multi class object recognition algorithms and the image segmentation and multi class object recognition algorithms proposed in this paper were compared through experiments. The results showed that the performance of the ML based image segmentation and multi class object recognition algorithms proposed in this paper has increased by 29.1% on average in all aspects.
A Design of the Real-Time Simulation for Wind Turbine Modeling with Machine Learning
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hwan , Park Rae-Jin , Kang Sungwoo , Cho Seokheon , Jung Seungmin
Published: April 2023

Power system operators have recently introduced some AI-based techniques in load prediction, fault diagnosis, scheduling, and maintenance. Operators require a grid analysis that includes wind turbines to mitigate impacts by environmental factors. Among them, a method for modeling wind turbines that reflects the dynamic characteristics and their output characteristics is receiving attention. Recently, a data-based power curve modeling method has been adopted for a simplified model that characteristics as much as possible. However, the simplified EMT simulation is difficult to reflect the output characteristics according to nonlinear wind conditions accurately. This paper proposes a wind turbine model based on artificial neural network techniques using real supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data from a wind farm. The proposed strategy derive the similar to real output value through the trained wind turbine model in various wind scenarios. For the verification of the proposed strategy, the case study was conducted using a real-time digital simulator (RTDS).
Psychological First Aid for Wilderness Trauma: Interventions for Expedition or Search and Rescue Team Members
Authors: Mortimer Amanda R. , Mortimer Roger B.
Published: April 2023

When exposed to actual or threatened death or serious injury in austere settings, expedition members are at risk of acute stress reactions, as are search and rescue members involved with extricating the patient. Acute stress reactions are a normal response to significant trauma and commonly resolve on their own. If they do not, they can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a set of persistent symptoms that cause significant effects on the person’s life. Medication has a limited preventive role in the field for treatment of stress partly because so few are trained to administer it. Contrastingly, psychological first aid can be performed by lay team members with minimal training. Psychological first aid consists of interventions attempting to encourage feelings of safety, calm, self-efficacy, connection, and hope. These are interventions that provide guidance to not make the situation emotionally worse and might have a preventive effect on later development of PTSD. They are valuable in the field not only for the patient but also for affected team members as well as for search and rescue team members who may be indirectly affected by the trauma and experience repercussions later.
Olympic Class Sailing Injuries and Illness: A 15-Year Study of a World Cup Regatta Venue
Authors: Landsberg Carolyn M. , Hunt Shawn E.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Olympic class sailing injuries are a minimally researched topic. Our study includes 15 y of data from medical coverage of the Miami venue during the Sailing World Cup. The objective was to examine the nature of Olympic class sailing injuries and illnesses during competition.

Methods

The records of the medical clinic encounters of a World Cup Sailing regatta were reviewed. Summary statistics and nominal categorized data regarding demographics, onset, mechanism, nature of condition, and referral were collected.

Results

There were 740 clinic encounters, ranging from 20 to 70 annually. Five hundred fifty-five (75%) were musculoskeletal in nature, and 184 (25%) were related to medical concerns. Twelve athletes were referred to the emergency department (ED), averaging <1 per year. However, 6 (50%) of the ED referrals came from NACRA 17, 49er, and 49er F-X classes, representing a 16% ED referral rate by fleet per year. In contrast, the remainder of the classes had a 0.04% ED referral rate. The lumbar spine, cervical spine, and foot/ankle were the most common body regions treated. Laser Radial sailors had 71(10%) visits, the most per class. Coaches and staff represented 59 (8%) visits.

Conclusions

Olympic class sailing venue medical coverage should be equipped to treat a variety of acute and chronic injuries and illnesses among athletes as well as coaches and staff. Overall, rates of ED or other off-site referrals are low but higher for 49er, 49er F-X, and North American Catamaran Racing Association (NACRA)-17 classes.
An Introduction to Positive Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: Geher Glenn , Fritche Megan , Goodwine Avrey , Lombard Julia , Longo Kaitlyn , Montana Darcy
Published: April 2023

Over the past few decades, evolutionary psychology has shed light on such features of the human experience as mating, love, religion, aggression, warfare, physical health, mental health, and more. The field of positive psychology has progressed along a parallel trajectory, using behavioral science techniques to help our understanding of human thriving at the individual and community levels. Positive Evolutionary Psychology is dedicated to the integration of positive and evolutionary psychology, with an eye toward using Darwinian-inspired concepts to help advance our understanding of human thriving. This Element describes the basic ideas of this new approach to behavioral science as well as examples that dip into various aspects of the human experience, including such topics as health, education, friendships, love, and more–all with an eye toward providing a roadmap for the application of Darwinian principles to better understanding human thriving and the good life.
Party Affiliation, District-Level Incentives and the Use of Parliamentary Questions in Chile's Presidential Democracy
Authors: Mimica Nicolás , Navia Patricio , Cárcamo Ignacio
Published: April 2023

The issuance of parliamentary questions (PQ) in presidential democracies reflects an effort to connect with the electoral constituency to advance the legislator's career. We postulate six hypotheses on the association between party affiliation, career advancement and district-level incentives and the issuance of PQs in Chile's presidential multiparty democracy. We test them using a novel dataset containing 68,424 inquiries (oficios legislativos) issued by Chamber of Deputies legislators in three legislative terms (2006–2018). Though district-level variables play a role in the issuance of PQs, incentives of political ambition do not. As opposition coalition legislators make more use of PQs than ruling coalition legislators, there is preliminary evidence to associate PQs with a possible oversight role.
Approaching the coupon collector’s problem with group drawings via Stein’s method
Authors: Betken Carina , Thäle Christoph
Published: April 2023

We study the coupon collector’s problem with group drawings. Assume there are n different coupons. At each time precisely s of the n coupons are drawn, where all choices are supposed to have equal probability. The focus lies on the fluctuations, as
$n\to\infty$
, of the number
$Z_{n,s}(k_n)$
of coupons that have not been drawn in the first
$k_n$
drawings. Using a size-biased coupling construction together with Stein’s method for normal approximation, a quantitative central limit theorem for
$Z_{n,s}(k_n)$
is shown for the case that
$k_n=({n/s})(\alpha\log(n)+x)$
, where
$0<\alpha<1$
and
$x\in\mathbb{R}$
. The same coupling construction is used to retrieve a quantitative Poisson limit theorem in the boundary case
$\alpha=1$
, again using Stein’s method.
Diasporic Consciousness in African Immigrants’ Support for #BlackLivesMatter
Authors: Alao Temi
Published: April 2023

The goal of this research is to provide a diaspora-centered analysis of Black identity politics by illustrating how African populations navigate their diasporic identities and imposed racial boundaries when engaging with social movements like #BlackLivesMatter. Extending scholarship on Black immigration and Black politics, the present study highlights the processes by which racial histories, U.S. racial hierarchies, and gender hegemony guide African immigrants’ and children of African immigrants’ individual conceptions of Blackness as well as their political engagements. Using a qualitative design (N = 28 semi-structured interviews), I examine first-, 1.5-, and second-generation Africans’ connections to #BlackLivesMatter, a racial justice social movement mobilized in response to the police killings of African American men and women. Findings illustrate that while all participants express an implicit connection to #BlackLivesMatter by drawing attention to the visual aspects of their superordinate Black racial identity, there are certain sources ofdiasporic fragmentationthat lead to racial distancing, intraracial group contention, and subsequent disconnections from the movement. Deconstructing the notion of Black political behavior as homogeneous, findings also suggest that political solidarity does not require uniformity in interests: when engaging in collective action, it is possible to express racial linked fate while also expressing substantial differences in culture and knowledge systems.
Deriving Sea Subsurface Temperature Fields From Satellite Remote Sensing Data Using a Generative Adversarial Network Model
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Ning Pengfei , Zhang Xuefeng , Wang Xidong , Zhang Anmin
Published: April 2023

Accurately inverting global and regional subsurface temperature (ST) by multisource satellite observations is a challenging but hot topic. This study proposes a new method to invert daily ST from the sea surface information in China's marginal seas based on generative adversarial network (GAN) model. The proposed GAN‐based model can project the STs from sea surface information (SLA, SSTA, SST) with a high resolution of 1/12°. A traditional regression‐based model, Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS), is set up same experiments for comparison. The results show that the averaged root mean square error results are less than 1.45°C in the upper 200 m and the highest averaged R2 of 0.97 at the 70 m level, which is better than that of MODAS. Errors analysis and typical oceanographic phenomena analysis results show the superiority of the proposed GAN‐based model in this study. This study can provide high‐precision daily ST data from sea surface information, which can be expanded to further studies on the interior ocean variation characteristics.
Variations in Volcanism and Tectonics Along the Hotspot‐Influenced Reykjanes Ridge
Authors: Le Saout M. , Pałgan D. , Devey C. W. , Lux T. S. , Petersen S. , Thorhallsson D. , Tomkowicz A. , Brix S.
Published: April 2023

Mapping and sampling four sections of the slow‐spreading Reykjanes Ridge provide insight into how tectonic and volcanic activity varies with distance from the Iceland plume. The studied areas are characterized by significant variations in water depth, lava chemistry, crustal thickness, thermal structure, and ridge morphology. For each study area, fault pattern and dimension, tectonic strain, seamount morphology, and density are inferred from 15 m‐resolution bathymetry. These observations are combined with geochemical analysis from glass samples and sediment thickness estimations along Remotely Operated Vehicle‐dive videos. They reveal that (a) tectonic and volcanic activity along the Reykjanes Ridge, do not systematically vary with distance from the plume center. (b) The tectonic geometry appears directly related to the deepening of the brittle/ductile transition and the maximum change in tectonic strain related to the rapid change in crustal thickness and the transition between axial‐high and axial valley (∼59.5°N). (c) Across‐axis variations in the fault density and sediment thickness provide similar widths for the neo‐volcanic zone except in regions of increased seamount emplacement. (d) The variations in seamount density (especially strong for flat‐topped seamounts) are not related to the distance from the plume but appear to be correlated with the interaction between the V‐shape ridges (VSR) flanking the ridge and the ridge axis. These observations are more compatible with the buoyant upwelling melting instability hypothesis for VSR formation and suggest that buoyant melting instabilities create many small magma batches which by‐pass the normal subaxial magmatic plumbing system, erupting over a wider‐than‐normal area.
Manufacturing an Exact Solution for 2D Thermochemical Mantle Convection Models
Authors: Trim S. J. , Butler S. L. , McAdam S. S. C. , Spiteri R. J.
Published: April 2023

In this study, we manufacture an exact solution for a set of 2D thermochemical mantle convection problems. The derivation begins with the specification of a stream function corresponding to a non‐stationary velocity field. The method of characteristics is then applied to determine an expression for composition consistent with the velocity field. The stream function formulation of the Stokes equation is then applied to solve for temperature. The derivation concludes with the application of the advection‐diffusion equation for temperature to solve for the internal heating rate consistent with the velocity, composition, and temperature solutions. Due to the large number of terms, the internal heating rate is computed using Maple™, and code is also made available in Fortran and Python. Using the method of characteristics allows the compositional transport equation to be solved without the addition of diffusion or source terms. As a result, compositional interfaces remain sharp throughout time and space in the exact solution. The exact solution presented allows for precision testing of thermochemical convection codes for correctness and accuracy.
Dominant Role of Arctic Dust With High Ice Nucleating Ability in the Arctic Lower Troposphere
Authors: Kawai Kei , Matsui Hitoshi , Tobo Yutaka
Published: April 2023

Recent observations show that dust emitted within the Arctic (Arctic dust) has a remarkably high ice nucleating ability, especially between −20°C and −5°C, but its impacts on the number concentrations of ice nucleating particles (INPs) and radiative balance in the Arctic are not well understood. Here we incorporate an observation‐based ice‐nucleation parameterization indicating the high ice nucleating ability of Arctic dust into a global aerosol‐climate model. A simulation using this parameterization better reproduces INP observations in the Arctic and estimates >100 times higher dust INP number concentrations with ∼100% contribution from Arctic dust in the Arctic lower troposphere (>60°N and >700 hPa) during summer and fall (June–November) than a simulation applying a standard ice‐nucleation parameterization suitable for desert dust to Arctic dust. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering an ice‐nucleation parameterization suitable for Arctic dust when simulating INPs and their effects on aerosol‐cloud interactions in the Arctic.
Lake Level Changes and Holocene Extension Rate Across the NS‐Trending Peiku Co‐Gyirong Faults, Southern Tibet
Authors: Li Kang , Xu Xiwei , Tapponnier Paul , Kang Wenjun , Wang Shiguang
Published: April 2023

Precise studies of Quaternary extension rates across NS‐trending normal faults in southern Tibet are important to understand the recent tectonic evolution of the high plateau. As one of the six main, southernmost Tibetan rifts, the ∼NS‐trending Peiku Co‐Gyirong rifts and intervening horst (PGR), co‐involve the west‐dipping Gyirong normal fault (GF) and the east‐dipping Peiku Co normal faults (PKF). Using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) high‐resolution topographic data, 14C dating of lake shorelines, and 10Be cosmogenic exposure dating of alluvial surfaces, we assess the offsets and constrain the ages of fans and lake level variations at four sites along these rift faults. Across the PKF's southern segment, our measurements at three sites are consistent with offsets of ∼4.7–6.5 m during the last ∼12.3 ka. Across the GF, a larger total offset of ∼8.5 m accrued since ∼10.4 ka. Using the average, exposed, 60° dip angle of the PKF implies a total Holocene EW extension rate of 0.72 ± 0.08 mm/yr across the PGR. Overall, our results are in keeping with published extension rates of ∼0.6–1.7 mm/yr across other southern Tibetan rifts, supporting the inference that the total, ≈EW, late Quaternary extension rate throughout southern Tibet is 9 ± 2 mm/yr. That there has been no surface faulting since at least ∼6.9 ka implies that the Gyirong County area, west of Peiku Co, may be at risk of Mw ≈ 6.9? event.
Cenozoic Uplift and Volcanism of Hangai Dome, Central Mongolia Triggered by Lower Mantle Upwellings
Authors: Wu Yingkai , Bao Xuewei
Published: April 2023

The mechanisms of surface uplift of Hangai Dome (>2 km) and formation of Cenozoic intraplate volcanism in central Mongolia remain vigorously debated. Here we directly investigate the mantle transition zone (MTZ) structure beneath central Mongolia to explore whether the deep mantle geodynamical processes have played a role. Our results reveal significant MTZ thinning of 8–13 km in three subareas mainly caused by the uplifted 660‐km discontinuity (∼10 km). In addition, the 410‐km discontinuity is depressed beneath the Hangai Dome (∼6 km) and the northern portion of the study area (10–15 km). These observations provide direct evidences for intracontinental mantle upwellings from the lower to the upper mantle, causing the Cenozoic uplift and basaltic volcanism of central Mongolia. Furthermore, these mantle upwellings are relatively sluggish compared to canonical mantle plumes based on the small magnitude of MTZ thinning and thus relatively moderate thermal anomaly within the MTZ (62–100 K).
Dependence of Quasi‐Electrostatic Magnetosonic Wave Generation on Plasma Density and Suprathermal Protons
Authors: Liu Si , Wang Wenyao , Gao Zhonglei , Yang Qiwu , Xiao Fuliang , He Qian , Li Tong , Zhou Qinghua , Yang Chang , Zhang Sai
Published: April 2023

Magnetosonic (MS) wave is one of the most common electromagnetic emissions in the magnetosphere, while quasi‐electrostatic magnetosonic (QEMS) waves are seldom observed. Here we present an interesting QEMS event detected by Van Allen Probe A on 9 January 2014, in which the presence of multi‐band QEMS emissions shows evident correlations with relatively low plasma densities (∼10 cm−3) and enhancements of suprathermal (∼10 − 100 eV) proton fluxes. Based on the observed proton distributions, simulations demonstrate very similar profiles to the observed QEMS in the wave spectral characteristics. Parametric studies indicate that the QEMS growth rate can increase by ∼20 times with the plasma density decreasing from 50 to 10 cm−3. Effective growth rates of higher‐band QEMS occur when the suprathermal proton population is sufficiently large. This study reveals that low densities and large suprathermal proton populations are favorable for generating distinct multi‐band QEMS in the magnetosphere.
Down-regulation of DNA key protein-FEN1 inhibits OSCC growth by affecting immunosuppressive phenotypes via IFN-γ/JAK/STAT-1
Authors: Wang Shimeng , Wang Xiangjian , Sun Jun , Yang Jin , Wu Deyang , Wu Fanglong , Zhou Hongmei
Published: April 2023

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) escape from the immune system is mediated through several immunosuppressive phenotypes that are critical to the initiation and progression of tumors. As a hallmark of cancer, DNA damage repair is closely related to changes in the immunophenotypes of tumor cells. Although flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1), a pivotal DNA-related enzyme is involved in DNA base excision repair to maintain the stability of the cell genome, the correlation between FEN1 and tumor immunity has been unexplored. In the current study, by analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics of FEN1, we demonstrated that FEN1 overexpressed and that an inhibitory immune microenvironment was established in OSCC. In addition, we found that downregulating FEN1 inhibited the growth of OSCC tumors. In vitro studies provided evidence that FEN1 knockdown inhibited the biological behaviors of OSCC and caused DNA damage. Performing multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), we directly observed that the acquisition of critical immunosuppressive phenotypes was correlated with the expression of FEN1. More importantly, FEN1 directly or indirectly regulated two typical immunosuppressive phenotype-related proteins human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR) and programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1), through the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway. Our study highlights a new perspective on FEN1 action for the first time, providing theoretical evidence that it may be a potential immunotherapy target for OSCC.
Near-field enhancement of optical second harmonic generation in hybrid gold–lithium niobate nanostructures
Authors: Ali Rana Faryad , Busche Jacob A. , Kamal Saeid , Masiello David J. , Gates Byron D.
Published: April 2023

Nanophotonics research has focused recently on the ability of nonlinear optical processes to mediate and transform optical signals in a myriad of novel devices, including optical modulators, transducers, color filters, photodetectors, photon sources, and ultrafast optical switches. The inherent weakness of optical nonlinearities at smaller scales has, however, hindered the realization of efficient miniaturized devices, and strategies for enhancing both device efficiencies and synthesis throughput via nanoengineering remain limited. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which second harmonic generation, a prototypical nonlinear optical phenomenon, from individual lithium niobate particles can be significantly enhanced through nonradiative coupling to the localized surface plasmon resonances of embedded gold nanoparticles. A joint experimental and theoretical investigation of single mesoporous lithium niobate particles coated with a dispersed layer of ~10 nm diameter gold nanoparticles shows that a ~32-fold enhancement of second harmonic generation can be achieved without introducing finely tailored radiative nanoantennas to mediate photon transfer to or from the nonlinear material. This work highlights the limitations of current strategies for enhancing nonlinear optical phenomena and proposes a route through which a new class of subwavelength nonlinear optical platforms can be designed to maximize nonlinear efficiencies through near-field energy exchange.
Sniffing oxytocin: Nose to brain or nose to blood?
Authors: Yao Shuxia , Chen Yuanshu , Zhuang Qian , Zhang Yingying , Lan Chunmei , Zhu Siyu , Becker Benjamin , Kendrick Keith M.
Published: April 2023

In recent years ample studies have reported that intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin can facilitate social motivation and cognition in healthy and clinical populations. However, it is still unclear how effects are mediated since intranasally administered oxytocin can both directly enter the brain (nose to brain) and increase peripheral vascular concentrations (nose to blood). The relative functional contributions of these routes are not established and have received insufficient attention in the field. The current study used vasoconstrictor pretreatment to prevent intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) from increasing peripheral concentrations and measured effects on both resting-state neural (electroencephalography) and physiological responses (electrocardiogram, electrogastrogram and skin conductance). Results demonstrated that intranasal oxytocin alone produced robust and widespread increases of delta-beta cross-frequency coupling (CFC) from 30 min post-treatment but did not influence peripheral physiological measures. As predicted, vasoconstrictor pretreatment greatly reduced the normal increase in peripheral oxytocin concentrations and, importantly, abolished the majority of intranasal oxytocin effects on delta-beta CFC. Furthermore, time-dependent positive correlations were found between increases in plasma oxytocin concentrations and corresponding increases in delta-beta CFC following oxytocin treatment alone. Our findings suggest a critical role of peripheral vasculature-mediated routes on neural effects of exogenous oxytocin administration with important translational implications for its use as an intervention in psychiatric disorders.