bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dictionary of Medieval Judeo-Arabic in the India Book Letters from the Geniza and in Other Texts; and A Unique Hebrew Glossary from India: An Analysis of Judeo-Urdu
Authors: Lieberman Philip I.
Published: August 2022

A Dictionary of Medieval Judeo-Arabic in the India Book Letters from the Geniza and in Other Texts. By Mordechai Akiva Friedman. Jerusalem: Ben-Zvi Institute, 2016. Pp. xxii + 1017. $37.A Unique Hebrew Glossary from India: An Analysis of Judeo-Urdu. By Aaron D. Rubin. Gorgias Handbooks. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 134. $48 (paper).
Give and Take: Poverty and the Status Order in Early Modern Japan. By Maren A. Ehlers
Authors: Walthall Anne
Published: August 2022

Give and Take: Poverty and the Status Order in Early Modern Japan. By Maren A. Ehlers. Harvard East Asian Monographs, vol. 413. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2018. Pp. xvi + 351. $49.95.
Sources of Evil: Studies in Mesopotamian Exorcistic Lore. Edited by Greta van Buylaere, Mikko Luukko, Daniel Schwemer, and Avigail Mertens-Wagschal
Authors: Noegel Scott
Published: August 2022

Sources of Evil: Studies in Mesopotamian Exorcistic Lore. Edited by Greta van Buylaere, Mikko Luukko, Daniel Schwemer, and Avigail Mertens-Wagschal. Ancient Magic and Divination, vol. 15. Leiden: Brill, 2018. Pp. xiii + 382. $132.
Der verstohlene Blick: Zur Metaphorik des Diebstahls in der arabischen Sprache und Literatur. By Manfred Ullmann
Authors: Van Gelder Geert Jan
Published: August 2022

Der verstohlene Blick: Zur Metaphorik des Diebstahls in der arabischen Sprache und Literatur. By Manfred Ullmann. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2017. Pp. 292. €78 (paper).
Paippalādasaṃhitā of the Atharvaveda: Kāṇḍas 6 and 7. A New Edition with Translation and Commentary. By Arlo Griffiths
Authors: Brereton Joel P.
Published: August 2022

The Paippalādasaṃhitā of the Atharvaveda: Kāṇḍas 6 and 7. A New Edition with Translation and Commentary. By Arlo Griffiths. Groningen Oriental Studies, vol. 22. Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 2009. Pp. lxxxvi + 540.
Tale of Two Stories: Customary Marriage and Paternity. A Discourse Analysis of a Scandal in Egypt. By Björn Bentlage
Authors: Shaham Ron
Published: August 2022

A Tale of Two Stories: Customary Marriage and Paternity. A Discourse Analysis of a Scandal in Egypt. By Björn Bentlage. Islamkundliche Untersuchungen, vol. 333. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 2017. Pp. 337. €49.80.
Zuo Tradition / Zuozhuan 左傳: Commentary on the “Spring and Autumn Annals”. Translated with an introduction by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li, and David Schhaberg
Authors: Van Auken Newell Ann
Published: August 2022

Zuo Tradition / Zuozhuan 左傳: Commentary on the “Spring and Autumn Annals”. Translated with an introduction by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li, and David Schhaberg. 3 vols. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016. Pp. xcv + 2147. $240.
Early Tantric Medicine: Snakebite, Mantras, and Healing in the Gāruḍa Tantras. By Michael Slouber
Authors: Hatley Shaman
Published: August 2022

Early Tantric Medicine: Snakebite, Mantras, and Healing in the Gāruḍa Tantras. By Michael

Slouber. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Pp. xii + 375. $125.
Lords of Asia Minor: An Introduction to the Lydians. By Annick Payne and Jorit Wintjes
Authors: Rung Eduard V. , Tuplin Christopher J.
Published: August 2022

Lords of Asia Minor: An Introduction to the Lydians. By Annick Payne and Jorit Wintjes. Philippika, vol. 93. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2016. Pp. x + 144, illus. €29 .80 (paper).
Der Sarkophag der Gottesgemahlin Anchnesneferibre. By Mareike Wagner
Authors: Töpfer Susanne
Published: August 2022

Der Sarkophag der Gottesgemahlin Anchnesneferibre. By Mareike Wagner.

Studien zur spätägyptischen Religion, vol. 16. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2016. Pp . xii + 618, portfolio of 16 pls., CD-ROM. €168.
Sharīʿa Scripts: A Historical Anthropology. By Brinkley Messick
Authors: Berger Maurits S.
Published: August 2022

Sharīʿa Scripts: A Historical Anthropology. By Brinkley Messick. New York: Volumbia University Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 519. $70, £58.95.
Mamluk Cairo, a Crossroads for Embassies: Studies on Diplomacy and Diplomatics . Edited by Frédéric Bauden and Malika Dekkiche
Authors: Varisco Daniel Martin
Published: August 2022

Mamluk Cairo, a Crossroads for Embassies: Studies on Diplomacy and Diplomatics . Edited by Frédéric Bauden and Malika Dekkiche. Islamic History and Civilization, vol. 161. Leiden: Brill, 2019. Pp. xxvii + 881. $179, €149 (cloth); $162, €135 (ebook).
Overturned Boat: Intertextuality of the Adapa Myth and Exorcist Literature. By Amar Annus
Authors: Sanders Seth
Published: August 2022

Overturned Boat: Intertextuality of the Adapa Myth and Exorcist Literature. By Amar Annus. State Archives of Assyria Studies, vol. 24 . Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2016. Pp. xii + 144. $59 (paper).
Les hymnes au dieu Khnoum de la façade ptolémaїque du temple d’Esna. By Abraham I. Fernández Pichel
Authors: Bojowald Stefan
Published: August 2022

Les hymnes au dieu Khnoum de la façade ptolémaїque du temple d’Esna. By Abraham I. Fernández Pichel. Studien zur spätägyptischen Religion, vol. 23. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2018. Pp. xiv + 217, 21 pls. €94.
City of Ye in the Chinese Literary Landscape. By Joanne Tsao
Authors: Kou Lu
Published: August 2022

The City of Ye in the Chinese Literary Landscape. By Joanne Tsao. Sinica Leidensia, vol. 145. Leiden: Brill, 2020. Pp. x + 210. $102.
Minimalistic Intervention of White Spot Lesions and Dental Fluorosis with Resin Infiltration Technique- A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Solomon Raji Viola , Priya Shanti , Wahed Mohammed Abdul , Gopishetty Priyanka , Sathyanvesh Mallarapu
Published: August 2022

The advances in scientific developments in dentistry have led to the emergence of innovative technologies for early diagnosis, prevention, interception, and therapeutic strategies for the preservation of tooth structure loss due to carious destruction or tooth decay arresting the carious lesions in order to preserve the tooth structure loss. Minimal intervention techniques to replace, repair, and remove as little tissue as possible is gaining significant importance over traditional techniques, as the emphasis is given on the preservation of the original tooth structure. White spot lesions are a form of enamel demineralisation which usually occurs due to dental fluorosis or postorthodontic treatment, compromising the aesthetics and self-esteem of the patient. The resin infiltration technique is a reliable treatment option advocated for the treatment of white spot lesions and non cavitated carious lesions. It is a microinvasive intervention performed without drilling or sacrificing the healthy tooth structure aiming at reinforcing the demineralised enamel by filling with visible light curing resin. The rationale for the use of resin infiltration is to allow the light-activated resin to permeate into the enamel porosities by virtue of capillary action, into the treated surface of the tooth. The infiltrated resin occludes the enamel microporosities and prevents the lesion progression further as it blocks the various pathways of ingress created by the acid penetration and dissolved materials in the enamel matrix. The first case presentation highlights the successful management of white spots visible in the maxillary anterior region of a female patient of age 25 years. The second case represents the use of the resin infiltration technique to treat and eliminate yellow-brownish stains in the maxillary anterior teeth of a female patient of age 23 years. Both the patients expressed concerns about the non uniform colour and appearance of their teeth and wanted solutions to rectify the same, without any drilling or removal of the tooth surface. This article highlights the concept of resin infiltration as a minimally invasive treatment option for the management of white spot lesions as a viable solution to suit patient specific needs.
Defective Boron Nitride Inducing the Lithium‐ion Migration on the Sub‐Surface of LiBH4
Authors: Wu Ziqiang , Wang Kaiwen , Sun Weiwei , Li Zhipeng , Ma Zhihong , Zhu Yunfeng , Zou Yongjin , Zhang Yao
Published: August 2022

The safety issues oflithium‐ion batteries provoke the development of highly secure solidelectrolytes. Hydride electrolytes owning the high electrochemical stabilityand anode compatibility may sufficiently relieve theconcerns of safety. However, the low ionic conductivity at room temperature hampersits further application. Herein, the strategy of defect‐induced (BH4)– deformation to achieve high ionicconductivity LiBH4/BN composite electrolyte is suggested. The theoreticalcalculations indicate that the volume of the (BH4)– tetrahedron is expanded by 14%. Such atetrahedron deformation weakens the LiH interaction forces in LiBH4, and thus promotes the Li‐ion migration. The LiBH4/BN composites are enabled to deliver lithium ionicconductivity of 1.15 × 10–4 S cm–1 at 40 °C with a Li‐ion transference number of 97%, persuading an excellent solidelectrolyte for all‐solid‐state batteries. The sub‐surface of LiBH4 offers the lowest migration barrier among all possiblechannels, paving the optimal way for Li‐ion migration. Furthermore, the LiBH4/BN electrolytes supply excellent electrochemical stabilityand electrode compatibility. The utilized strategy of outfield induction (notonly defects) and ligand deformation (not only (BH4)–) may also be extended to other solid electrolytes.
Knot‐Architectured Fabric Actuators Based on Shape Memory Fibers
Authors: Zhang Huapeng , Oh Saewoong , Mahato Manmatha , Yoo Hyunjoon , Oh Il‐Kwon
Published: August 2022

Due to recent progress on wearable robotics, developing high‐performance fabric and textile actuators to be integrated with various soft electronic devices is urgently needed and remains a challenging issue. Here, a novel knot‐architectured fabric actuator (KAFA), showing superior features such as self‐locking crossing, mechanical robustness, facile fabrication at very low cost, high force generation, and large actuation strain, is reported. The actuation principle of KAFA is based on the shape recovery of constituent nitinol fibers that can restore the memorized curvature in the knotted architectures. Further, the KAFA can be conveniently operated by Joule heating, resulting in reliable actuation due to its seamlessly conductive circuit network. In addition, the KAFA shows exceptionally high force, up to 1373 times its own weight and around 30% actuation strain. The newly developed fabric actuators are applied to a wearable actuation device to lift weighty luggage and an adaptive controllable surface to grip spiky, irregular, fragile, and slippery objects. These applications demonstrate the wide potential of KAFAs for future wearable robotic products such as rehabilitative devices and powered exoskeletons.
Boosting the Efficiency of Organic Solid‐State Lasers by Solvato‐Tailored Assemblies
Authors: Man Zhongwei , Bao Jinsong , Xu Zhenzhen , Lv Zheng , Liao Qing , Yao Jiannian , Fu Hongbing
Published: August 2022

The photophysical properties of pure organic materials in solid‐state are widely related to the crystal's arrangements. Herein, 4,6‐bis((E)‐4‐(dibenzothiophene)styryl)‐5(ethoxycarbonyl)‐2,2‐difluoro‐2H‐1,3,2‐dioxaborinin‐1‐ium‐2‐uide (BBSF) is employed as a mode molecule to explore the relationship between molecular arrangement and performance. Three elegant crystals (solvent‐free‐J‐aggregation of EA‐crystal, solvent‐J‐aggregations of CB‐crystal, and FB‐crystal) are obtained by solvato‐tailored strategy. Detailed single crystal structures and photophysical data reveal that all the three crystals adopt a J‐type aggregation model. EA‐crystal does not involve solvent molecular while the CB‐ and FB‐crystals involve chlorobenzene (CB) and fluorobenzene (FB) molecules, respectively. Solvent molecules can effectively separate the two columns of BBSF molecules, resulting in high brightness emission. Laser behaviors indicate that the solvent‐microcrystals display higher brightness, lower threshold, as well as higher quality factor than solvent‐free‐microcrystal due to the weakened bimolecular exciton annihilation process. This strategy not only paves an intriguing way to the construction and preparation of pure organic J‐aggregation laser materials but also offers a guideline for suppressing bmEA process through introducing solvent molecules.
Asymmetric Coordination of Single‐Atom Co Sites Achieves Efficient Dehydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Liu Hu , Lei Qian , Miao Ruoyan , Sun Mingzi , Qin Chuanjian , Zhang Liang , Ye Gan , Yao Yao , Huang Bolong , Ma Zhenhui
Published: August 2022

Tuning asymmetric coordination of metal single‐atom (SA) sites can provide a new opportunity for optimizing the electronic structure of catalysts to achieve efficient catalysis, however, achieving such controllable design remains a grand challenge. Herein, an asymmetrically coordinated Co‐N4P SA site as a new catalyst system for achieving superior dehydrogenation catalysis of formic acid (HCOOH) is reported. The experimental results show that the Co atom is coordinated by four N atoms and one asymmetric P atom, forming the unique Co‐N4P SA sites. The Co‐N4P SA sites exhibit an impressive mass activity of 4285.6 mmol g–1 h–1 with 100% selectivity and outstanding stability for HCOOH dehydrogenation catalysis at 80 °C, which is 5.0, 25.5, and 23.1 times that of symmetrically coordinated Co‐N4 SA sites, commercial Pd/C and Pt/C, respectively. The in situ ATR‐IR analysis demonstrates the mono‐molecular H2 produced mechanism over Co‐N4P SA sites, and theoretical calculations further reveal that the asymmetric P sites not only can boost the CH bond cleavage of HCOO* by largely reducing the energy barrier but also facilitate the proton adsorption to achieve the fast generation of H2 in Co‐N4P SA sites. This study opens a new way for rationally designing novel SA sites to achieve efficient catalysis.
An Electret‐Powered Skin‐Attachable Auditory Sensor that Functions in Harsh Acoustic Environments
Authors: Lee Siyoung , Roh Hajung , Kim Junsoo , Chung Sein , Seo Donghwan , Moon Wonkyu , Cho Kilwon
Published: August 2022

Auditory sensors have shortcomings with respect to not only personalization with wearability and portability but also detecting a human voice clearly in a noisy environment or when a mask covers the mouth. In this work, an electret‐powered and hole‐patterned polymer diaphragm is exploited into a skin‐attachable auditory sensor. The optimized charged electret diaphragm induces a voltage bias of >400 V against the counter electrode, which reduces the necessity of a bulky power source and enables the capacitive sensor to show high sensitivity (2.2 V Pa−1) with incorporation of an elastomer nanodroplet seismic mass. The sophisticated capacitive structure with low mechanical damping enables a flat frequency response (80–3000 Hz) and good linearity (50–80 dBSPL). The hole‐patterned electret diaphragms help the skin‐attachable sensor detect only neck‐skin vibration rather than dynamic air pressure, enabling a person's voice to be detected in a harsh acoustic environment. The sensor operates reliably even in the presence of surrounding noise and when the user is wearing a gas mask. Therefore, the sensor shows strong potential of a communication tool for disaster response and quarantine activities, and of diagnosis tool for vocal healthcare applications such as cough monitoring and voice dosimetry.
Shaping of Optical Wavefronts Using Light‐Patterned Photothermal Metamaterial
Authors: Robert Hadrien M. L. , Čičala Martin , Piliarik Marek
Published: August 2022

Having full control of light propagation in free space represents the ultimate goal for an imaging system. Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs), featuring the ability to actively control the spatial distribution of light components, are usually limited either to performing small and continuous adjustments to imaging aberrations or to rapidly shifting discrete segments of the wavefront with severe diffraction artifacts. Here a photothermally modulated optical structure is introduced as a highly responsive SLM capable of producing arbitrarily shaped wavefront patterns with smooth as well as step‐like features. The phase‐shift inducing temperature profile within the plasmonic metamaterial at the core of the SLM structure replicates closely the pattern of illuminating light intensity avoiding the common speed and spatial gradient limitations. As a result, the SLM concept is insensitive to polarization, free of diffraction artifacts, and offers sub‐millisecond response time and high transmittance >80%. The dynamic generation of a set of common optical functions is demonstrated, including low‐order Zernike polynomials patterns, phase grating, or vortex, which build an essential phase modulation toolbox across different imaging applications.
Luminescence from Self‐Trapped Excitons and Energy Transfers in Vacancy‐Ordered Hexagonal Halide Perovskite Cs2HfF6 Doped with Rare Earths for Radiation Detection
Authors: Adhikari Menuka , Shrivastava Navadeep , McClain Starfari T. , Adhikari Chandra M. , Guzelturk Burak , Khanal Rabi , Gautam Bhoj , Luo Zhiping
Published: August 2022

Compared to halides Cs2HfX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) with a vacancy‐ordered cubic double perovskite structure, the halide Cs2HfF6 (CHF), with a hexagonal Bravais lattice, possesses a higher mass density and chemical stability for radiation detection. Luminescence properties and energy transfer mechanisms of rare‐earths‐doped CHF materials are studied here. The structure of CHF is identified as a new type of vacancy‐ordered hexagonal perovskite, with the same type of building blocks of the double perovskite but stacked with single layers. Density‐functional theory calculations reveal a large bandgap of CHF. A broad emission is observed from the pristine CHF host, which is suggested to be associated with self‐trapped excitons (STEs). A series of rare‐earths‐doped materials are designed utilizing the STE emissions, and efficient energy transfers from STEs and Tb3+ to Eu3+ are achieved for tunable emissions. The codoped material shows stable emission under X‐ray irradiation, with 10.2% reduction from its initial emission intensity, associated with possible structural evolution by radiation‐induced deformation of the soft host. The radiation responses of singly and codoped materials are evaluated, and the codoped material is found to be more sensitive to the radiation energy than the singly doped or pristine CHF for radiation detection.
Soft Nano‐Imprint Lithography of Rare‐Earth‐Doped Light‐Emitting Photonic Metasurface
Authors: Chehadi Zeinab , Montanari Michele , Granchi Nicoletta , Modaresialam Mehrnaz , Koudia Mathieu , Abel Mathieu , Putero Magali , Grosso David , Intonti Francesca , Abbarchi Marco
Published: August 2022

Sol–gel chemistry and nano‐imprint lithography (soft‐NIL) can be combined for the fabrication of nano‐patterns with large vertical aspect ratio over large scales. The possibility to frame via soft‐NIL metal oxides materials featuring a large refractive index and low absorption coefficient, opens new avenues for light management. In spite of its importance, the integration of light emitters in these materials has been mostly investigated in flat layers, limiting their efficiency and versatility. Here it is shown that ZrO2 can be combined with light emitting Eu3+ ions and framed via soft‐NIL to form large arrays of pillars atop a 2D residual layer. The chemical precursor solutions and the nano‐imprint technique are developed for photonic metasurfaces sustaining sharp resonances ascribed to quasi‐guided modes and lattice modes, as accounted for by finite difference time domains simulations. These resonances enable for a record extraction of the Eu3+ forward emission up to ≈200 times with respect to the flat counterpart within a relatively small detection angle (≈ ±16° around the vertical direction). These results are relevant for light‐emitting displays, down‐ and up‐conversion processes for light detection such as scintillators for X‐ray and for light amplifiers based on rare‐earth emitters.
Access to Fully Substituted Dihydropyrimidines via Dual Copper/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Domino Annulation of Oxime Esters and Imines
Authors: Cao Shujun , Li Huaigui , Teng Xinjie , Si Huaxing , Chen Rongshun , Zhu Yingguang
Published: August 2022

A domino cyclization of oxime esters and imines has been achieved by dual photoredox/copper catalysis. A variety of structurally diverse fully substituted dihydropyrimidines have been forged in 37–88% yields at room temperature. This synthetic protocol providesN‐heterocycles with high molecular complexity and functional group diversity. The present reaction is amenable to gram‐scale synthesis, which is expected to find potential applications in organic synthesis and drug discovery. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed.

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Targeted Delivery of Chemo‐Sonodynamic Therapy via Brain Targeting, Glutathione‐Consumable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Effective Brain Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wu Haoan , Gao Xingchun , Luo Yuanyuan , Yu Jiang , Long Gretchen , Jiang Zhaozhong , Zhou Jiangbing
Published: August 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system and remains universally lethal due to lack of effective treatment options and their inefficient delivery to the brain. Here the development of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for effective treatment of GBM is reported. The NPs are synthesized using a novel glutathione (GSH)‐reactive poly (2,2″‐thiodiethylene 3,3″‐dithiodipropionate) (PTD) polymer and engineered for brain penetration through neutrophil elastase‐triggered shrinkability, iRGD‐mediated targeted delivery, and lexiscan‐induced autocatalysis. It is found that the resulting lexiscan‐loaded, iRGD‐conjugated, shrinkable PTD NPs, or LiPTD NPs, efficiently penetrate brain tumors with high specificity after intravenous administration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that LiPTD NPs are capable of efficient encapsulation and delivery of chemotherapy doxorubicin and sonosensitizer chlorin e6 to achieve combined chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). It is demonstrated that the capability of GSH depletion of LiPTD NPs further augments the tumor cell killing effect triggered by SDT. As a result, treatment with LiPTD NPs effectively inhibits tumor growth and prolongs the survival of tumor‐bearing mice. This study may suggest a potential new approach for effective GBM treatment.
Metal Halide Perovskite Nanowires: Synthesis, Integration, Properties, and Applications in Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Daquan , Zhang Qianpeng , Zhu Yiyi , Poddar Swapnadeep , Zhang Yuting , Gu Leilei , Zeng Haibo , Fan Zhiyong
Published: August 2022

1D metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanowires (NWs) have energized research interest owing to their unique characteristics; they are grain‐boundary‐free, efficiently transport axial carriers, in conjunction with strong radial spatial confinement. Herein, recent progress in the synthesis, integration, property characterization, and advanced optoelectronic applications of MHP NWs is systematically reviewed. The approaches to synthesize MHP NWs are mainly classified into solution‐phase and vapor‐phase methods, as well as the top‐down technique. Meanwhile, highly ordered patterns/templates‐assisted and surface‐guided alignment methods are utilized to integrate MHP NWs into NW arrays. The enhanced long‐term stability and superior optoelectronic properties of MHP NWs enable excellent optoelectronic device performance, where solar cells, photodetectors, image sensors, bionic eyes, light‐emitting diodes, resistive random‐access memories, and field‐effect transistors are mainly discussed. Finally, some perspectives for further direction of exploration to improve the device performance and path ways toward their practical applications are also provided.
Circadian dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease – An updated review
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Sachdeva Punya , Sarkar Jasmine , Izhaar Raafiah
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be the most typical form of dementia that provokes irreversible cognitive impairment. Along with cognitive impairment, circadian rhythm dysfunction is a fundamental factor in aggravating AD. A link among circadian rhythms, sleep, and AD has been well‐documented. The etiopathogenesis of circadian system disruptions and AD serves some general characteristics that also open up the possibility of viewing them as a mutually reliant path. In this review, we have focused on different factors that are related to circadian rhythm dysfunction. The various pathogenic factors, such as amyloid‐beta, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and circadian rhythm dysfunction may all contribute to AD. In this review, we also tried to focus on melatonin which is produced from the pineal gland and can be used to treat circadian dysfunction in AD. Aside from amyloid beta, tau pathology may have a notable influence on sleep. Conclusively, the center of this review is primarily based on the principal mechanistic complexities associated with circadian rhythm disruption, sleep deprivation, and AD, and it also emphasizes the potential therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent the progression of AD.
Expanding the phenotype of TAB2 variants and literature review
Authors: Woods Emily , Marson Imogen , Coci Emanuele , Spiller Michael , Kumar Ajith , Brady Angela , Homfray Tessa , Fisher Richard , Turnpenny Peter , Rankin Julia , Kanani Farah , Platzer Konrad , Ververi Athina , Emmanouilidou Eleftheria , Bourboun Nourxan , Giannakoulas George , Balasubramanian Meena
Published: August 2022

TAB2 is a gene located on chromosome 6q25.1 and plays a key role in development of the heart. Existing literature describes congenital heart disease as a common recognized phenotype of TAB2 gene variants, with evidence of a distinct syndromic phenotype also existing beyond this. Here we describe 14 newly identified individuals with nine novel, pathogenic TAB2 variants. The majority of individuals were identified through the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study through trio whole exome sequencing. Eight individuals had de novo variants, the other six individuals were found to have maternally inherited, or likely maternally inherited, variants. Five individuals from the same family were identified following cardiac disease gene panel in the proband and subsequent targeted familial gene sequencing. The clinical features of this cohort were compared to the existing literature. Common clinical features include distinctive facial features, growth abnormalities, joint hypermobility, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Newly identified features included feeding difficulties, sleep problems, visual problems, genitourinary abnormality, and other anatomical variations. Here we report 14 new individuals, including novel TAB2 variants, in order to expand the emerging syndromic clinical phenotype and provide further genotype–phenotype correlation.
Antiviral Effects of Heparan Sulfate Analogue‐Modified Two‐Dimensional MXene Nanocomposites on PRRSV and SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Tong Ting , Tang Wantao , Xiao Shaobo , Liang Jiangong
Published: August 2022

Due to the worldwide impact of viruses such as SARS‐CoV‐2, researchers have paid extensive attention to antiviral reagents against viruses. Despite extensive research on two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (MXenes) in the field of biomaterials, their antiviral effects have received little attention. In this work, heparan sulfate analogue (sodium 3‐mercapto‐1‐propanesulfonate, MPS) modified 2D MXene nanocomposites (Ti3C2‐Au‐MPS) for prevention of viral infection are prepared and investigated using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pseudovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) as two model viruses. Ti3C2‐Au‐MPS nanocomposites are shown to possess antiviral properties in the different stages of PRRSV proliferation, such as direct interaction with PRRS virions and inhibiting their adsorption and penetration in the host cell. Additionally, Ti3C2‐Au‐MPS nanocomposites can strongly inhibit the infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus as shown by the contents of its reporter gene GFP and luciferase. These results demonstrate the potential broad‐spectrum antiviral property of Ti3C2‐Au‐MPS nanocomposites against viruses with the receptor of heparin sulfate. This work sheds light on the specific antiviral effects of MXene‐based nanocomposites against viruses and may facilitate further exploration of their antiviral applications.
The effect of mono‐diglycerides on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and physical stability of an edible rice bran wax–gelatin biphasic gel system
Authors: Saffold Ariana C. , Acevedo Nuria C.
Published: August 2022

Bigels are prepared by homogenization of an organogel and hydrogel. Bigels can offer improved properties such as enhanced physical stability and the ability to interact with both hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties and substances when compared to other gelled systems due to its semi‐solid internal phase, biphasic nature, and supramolecular interactions between components. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mono‐diglycerides (MDG) on the supramolecular structure and interactions, physical stability, and mechanical properties of a rice bran wax–gelatin bigels. The organogel‐to‐hydrogel (OG:HG) ratios tested were 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20 with MDG incorporated at four concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% [w/w]). Bigels were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), texture analysis, and liquid binding capacity studies. The results showed that MDG have a dual effect on the structural organization and stability of the systems; they act as emulsifiers and/or crystallization modifiers. CSLM and FTIR showed that the addition of MDG had the greatest effect on the microstructure of the 60:40 OG:HG ratio, where MDG concentrations 0.5% and 1% (w/w) exhibited a reduction in the size of the oleogel regions while concentrations 2% and 3% (w/w) showed a phase inversion. MDG addition resulted in a gradual decrease in bigel hardness, but an enhancement of physical stability.
Teaching genomics to life science undergraduates using cloud computing platforms with open datasets
Authors: Poolman Toryn M. , Townsend‐Nicholson Andrea , Cain Amanda
Published: August 2022

The final year of a biochemistry degree is usually a time to experience research. However, laboratory‐based research projects were not possible during COVID‐19. Instead, we used open datasets to provide computational research projects in metagenomics to biochemistry undergraduates (80 students with limited computing experience). We aimed to give the students a chance to explore any dataset, rather than use a small number of artificial datasets (~60 published datasets were used). To achieve this, we utilized Google Colaboratory (Colab), a virtual computing environment. Colab was used as a framework to retrieve raw sequencing data (analyzed with QIIME2) and generate visualizations. Setting up the environment requires no prior experience; all students have the same drive structure and notebooks can be shared (for synchronous sessions). We also used the platform to combine multiple datasets, perform a meta‐analysis, and allowed the students to analyze large datasets with 1000s of subjects and factors. Projects that required increased computational resources were integrated with Google Cloud Compute. In future, all research projects can include some aspects of reanalyzing public data, providing students with data science experience. Colab is also an excellent environment in which to develop data skills in multiple languages (e.g., Perl, Python, Julia).
ORCANet: Differentiable multi‐parameter learning for crowd simulation
Authors: Zhang Jiawen , Li Chen , Wang Changbo , He Gaoqi
Published: August 2022

Realistic crowd simulation has always been an important research field in computer graphics. While both agent‐based motion models and data‐driven behavior models have made some progress, they are still suffering from either huge effort of multi‐parameter tuning or limited realistic motion. In this article, we propose a novel and differentiable multi‐parameter learning method for crowd simulation, which is called ORCANet. The main idea is to learn from real data and inverse evaluating the multi‐parameter for subsequent simulation. ORCANet uses classic optimal reciprocal collision avoidance (ORCA) as a basic motion model which is integrated into the deep learning framework. Addressing the feature of linear programming and non‐differentiable operation, a Gaussian kernel is added to approximate the role of neighbor distance in collision avoidance, which turns the original discrete operation into a fully differentiable forward simulation. Furthermore, we leverage ORCANet to optimize the multi‐parameter combination in synthetic and real‐world datasets. ORCANet is proved to rapidly converge to correct parameter values and regenerate the input synthetic sequence. Moreover, experiments on real‐world datasets by the metric of pedestrian trajectories verified that a more realistic crowd simulation has been generated through ORCANet.
Bioactive Metabolites of Microalgae from Canary Islands for Functional Food and Feed Uses
Authors: Santiago‐Díaz Paula , Rico Milagros , Rivero Argimiro , Santana‐Casiano Magdalena
Published: August 2022

Three freshwater microalgae (Spirogyra sp., Cosmarium sp., and Cosmarium blytii) collected from several locations in Gran Canaria have been studied to explore their potential as a novel source of bioactive compounds for biotechnological applications. Soluble carbohydrates were quantified after extraction with 3 M HCl at 100 °C, ranging from 35.8 to 43.3 %, and with water at room temperature, ranging from 19 to 22.8 %. Amino acids glutamic acid, proline and aspartic acid were quantified by RP‐HPLC. Glutamic acid was the most abundant, ranging from 12.2 to 3.63 mg g−1 of dry biomass. Cosmarium blytii was the richest sample in amino acids (24.02 mg g−1 of dry weight). In addition, Cosmarium blytii and Spyrogira sp. exhibited higher radical scavenging activity (RSA) against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than that of the synthetic antioxidant butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), commonly used as food additive. These results show a great potential of these microalgae for exploitation in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries.
Polymerization, Stimuli‐induced Depolymerization, and Precipitation‐driven Macrocyclization in a Nitroaldol Reaction System**
Authors: Qi Yunchuan , Ramström Olof
Published: August 2022

Dynamic covalent polymers of different topology have been synthesized from an aromatic dialdehyde and α,ω‐dinitroalkanes via the nitroaldol reaction. All dinitroalkanes yielded dynamers with the dialdehyde, where the length of the dinitroalkane chain played a vital role in determining the structure of the final products. For longer dinitroalkanes, linear dynamers were produced, where the degree of polymerization reached a plateau at higher feed concentrations. In the reactions involving 1,4‐dinitrobutane and 1,5‐dinitropentane, specific macrocycles were formed through depolymerization of the linear chains, further driven by precipitation. At lower temperature, the same systemic self‐sorting effect was also observed for the 1,6‐dinitrohexane‐based dynamers. Moreover, the dynamers showed a clear adaptive behavior, displaying depolymerization and rearrangement of the dynamer chains in response to alternative building blocks as external stimuli.
Plasma Chemical Oxygen Conversion in an Industry‐Oriented Reactor Design
Authors: Nitsche Tim , Kostrzewa Jannis , Budt Marcus
Published: August 2022

The use of non‐thermal plasma enables chemical conversions as well as the removal of trace gas components. This application purpose has already been demonstrated for volume flow rates on a laboratory scale using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor. The next milestone is now to scale up this technology for application purposes with higher volume flow rates. In the present paper, the first successful conversion results from a steel reactor developed for the purpose of upscaling are presented.
Practical Aspects of Converting Steel Mill Gases to Chemical Feedstocks
Authors: Büker Karsten , von Morstein Olaf , Yildirim Ömer , Frey Andreas , Voss Christian , Geisbauer Andreas
Published: August 2022

A key element in converting steel mill gases to chemical feedstocks is a thorough removal of contaminants. This paper summarizes important aspects of designing and operating the gas treatment pilot plant at the Carbon2Chem® technical center in Duisburg. Information is given on how synthesis gas for the production of methanol and ammonia is produced. The efficient purification and conditioning of the gases is demonstrated by way of example of ammonia synthesis. Measures for enhancing the flexibility of the pilot plant are explained and issues related to scale‐up are discussed.
Solar‐Driven Catalytic Urea Oxidation for Environmental Remediation and Energy Recovery
Authors: Sun Wenbo , Zhang Meng , Li Jianan , Peng Chong
Published: August 2022

The water‐energy nexus is highly related to sustainable societal development. As one of the most abundant biowastes discharged into the environment, mild abatements and green conversions of urea wastewater have been widely investigated. Due to abundant sources, global distribution, and easy control, light‐based catalytic strategies have become alternative on‐site treatment approaches. After comprehensively surveying the recent progress, recent achievements of urea oxidation under light irradiation are reviewed herein. Several typical light‐promoted systems employed in urea conversion, including photocatalysis, photo‐electrocatalysis, photo‐biocatalysis, and photocatalytic fuel cells, are meticulously introduced and discussed, from catalyst designs and medium conditions to established mechanisms. To realize the goal of sustainability, the chemical energy in urea‐rich water could be utilized for the value‐added production of hydrogen fuel and electricity. Finally, based on current developments, existing challenges are enumerated and developmental prospects in the future of light‐driven urea conversion technologies are proposed.
A review on synthetic strategy, molecular pharmacology of indazole derivatives, and their future perspective
Authors: Mal Suvadeep , Malik Udita , Mahapatra Monalisa , Mishra Abhishek , Pal Dilipkumar , Paidesetty Sudhir K.
Published: August 2022

With different nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic moieties, Indazoles earn one of the places among the top investigated molecules in medicinal research. Indazole, an important fused aromatic heterocyclic system containing benzene and pyrazole ring with a chemical formula of C7H6N2, is also called benzopyrazole. Indazoles consist of three tautomeric forms in which 1H‐tautomers (indazoles) and 2H‐tautomers (isoindazoles) exist in all phases. The tautomerism in indazoles greatly influences synthesis, reactivity, physical and even the biological properties of indazoles. The thermodynamic internal energy calculation of these tautomers points view 1H‐indazole as the predominant and stable form over 2H‐indazole. The natural source of indazole is limited and exists in alkaloidal nature (i.e., nigellidine, nigeglanine, nigellicine, etc.) found from Nigella plants. Some of the FDA‐approved drugs like Axitinib, Entrectinib, Niraparib, Benzydamine, and Granisetron are being used to treat renal cell cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), epithelial ovarian cancer, chronic inflammation, chemotherapy‐induced nausea, vomiting, and many more uses. Besides all these advantages regarding its biological activity, the main issue about indazoles is the less abundance in plant sources, and their synthetic derivatives also often face problems with low yield. In this review article, we discuss its chemistry, tautomerism along with their effects, different schematics for the synthesis of indazole derivatives, and their different biological activities.
Differential habitat use of a notorious invasive fish, the round goby, in a translocation‐relevant system
Authors: Bussmann Karen , Hirsch Philipp Emanuel , Lehmann Moritz F. , Burkhardt‐Holm Patricia
Published: August 2022

Anthropogenic structures can form novel ecosystem niches. Invasive species are often particularly successful in occupying these habitats and utilize them as beachheads for further spread. The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas 1814), an inherently bottom‐dwelling fish, uses vertical harbor walls as habitat, enabling them to reach boats (i.e., potential translocation vectors). To evaluate the relevance of vertical habitat use for population dynamics and translocation, we exemplary investigated a population of round gobies in a harbor ecosystem. Specifically, we investigated differences in trophic niche characteristics, individual trophic specialization, phenotypic traits, and breeding frequency in wall versus bottom‐dwelling round gobies. Habitat‐characteristic dietary signatures indicated habitat partitioning during the breeding season. Trophic niches overlapped but were clearly distinguishable between the habitats: Walls were inhabited by 1.4 times more trophic generalists than specialists, while the bottom was inhabited by 2.1 times more trophic specialists. Breeding frequency was 24 times higher on the walls than on the bottom. After the reproductive season, we found a higher similarity in trophic ecology of gobies inhabiting the two habitats, and differences in abundance, size, and condition. These results are in line with winter migrations to deeper habitats, which are common in round gobies in lentic and marine ecosystems. Our results suggest a high potential for microgeographic adaptation to either horizontal or vertical habitat use in invasive round gobies. We demonstrated that male gobies using the walls during the breeding season are larger and heavier, suggesting that wall climbing may select for more competitive individuals. Additionally, the overall abundance of round gobies likely increases with the additional use of vertical habitat space, which may lead to higher propagule pressure. The ability to exploit anthropogenic habitats, and a higher translocation probability of competitive individuals, can contribute to the invasion success of round gobies in anthropogenically influenced aquatic systems.
Omni‐functional crystal: Advanced methods to characterize the composition and homogeneity of lithium niobate melts and crystals
Authors: Chen Kunfeng , Wu Ji'an , Hu Qianyu , Lu Zheng , Sun Xiangfei , Wang Zhiqiang , Tang Gongbin , Hu Hui , Xue Dongfeng
Published: August 2022

Lithium niobate (LN) is a type of multifunctional dielectric and ferroelectric crystal that is widely used in acoustic, optical, and optoelectronic devices. The performance of pure and doped LN strongly depends on various factors, including its composition, microstructure, defects, domain, and homogeneity. The structure and composition homogeneity can affect both the chemical and physical properties of LN crystals, including their density, Curie temperature, refractive index, and piezoelectric and mechanical properties. In terms of practical demands, both the composition and microstructure characterizations these crystals must range from the nanometer scale up to the millimeter and wafer scales. Therefore, LN crystals require different characterization technologies when verifying their quality for various device applications. Optical, electrical, and acoustic technologies have been developed, including x‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and interferometry. To obtain detailed structural information, advanced sub‐nanometer technologies are required. For general industrial demands, fast and non‐destructive technologies are preferable. This review outlines the advanced methods used to characterize both the composition and homogeneity of LN melts and crystals from the micro‐ to wafer scale.
Experimental study on thermo‐hydraulic performance of metal foam twisted tape in a double pipe heat exchanger
Authors: Aljubury Issam M. A. , Saihood Raed G. , Farhan Ammar A.
Published: August 2022

A recent study compared experimentally the hydraulic and thermal activity of twisted tape inserts for two types, metal foam twisted tape (MFTT) and traditional twisted tape (TTT), in a double pipe heat exchanger. The investigation goal of the innovatively designed MFTT is to enhance the heat transfer process, which provides a higher thermal enhancement factor over those of TTT under the same conditions. Heat transfer activity in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) and Nusselt number ratio (Nu/Nuo) as the heat exchanger equipped with the proposed MFTT and TTT inserts with various tape‐twist ratios (y/W = 3.6, 5.2, and 6.8) are considered over various values of Reynolds numbers (16,300 < Re < 32,500). The results reveal an improvement in heat transfer rate with both MFTT and TTT and this improvement is proportional inversely to the twisted ratio, but the MFTT showed the highest value of heat transfer compared to TTT and clear tube. Also, the Nu of MFTT augments averaged about 175%–230% compared to the TTT depending on the twist ratio and about 275% and 500% over that of the clear tube. At a twist ratio of 3.6, the heat transfer coefficient is recorded at 37% and 45% for MFTT and TTT models, respectively, with an increase in Re. However, friction factor (f) increases about 35% for MFTT with decreasing in twist ratio (from 6.8 to 3.6). The effectiveness of the proposed MFTT in the range of Re used is found to be about 12%, 15%, and 18% higher than those induced by TTT at twisted tape ratio (y/w = 3.6, 5.2, and 6.8), respectively.
An in‐depth look at latent classes of DSM‐5 psychiatric comorbidity among individuals with PTSD: Clinical indicators and treatment utilization
Authors: Hawn Sage E. , Hawrilenko Matthew , McDowell Yoanna , Campbell Sarah , Garcia Natalia M. , Simpson Tracy L.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with high comorbidity rates across the full range of psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about how psychiatric comorbidity manifests among people with PTSD, particularly with regard to concurrent diagnoses.

Method

Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to characterize discrete classes of PTSD comorbidity using past year DSM‐5 diagnostic standards among a large nationally representative epidemiologic sample of U.S. adults. Follow‐up analyses compared participant characteristics across latent classes.

Results

The LCA was best characterized by five classes: low comorbidity, distress‐fear, distress‐externalizing, mania‐fear‐externalizing, and mania‐externalizing. Excluding the low comorbidity class, proportions of borderline and schizotypal personality disorder were high across classes.

Conclusion

Participant characteristics across classes of past year PTSD comorbidity are explored through the lens of case conceptualization and treatment planning utility.