bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase diagram of the AgGaS2–PbGa2S4 system
Authors:   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry named after academician M. Naghiyev, Mammadov Sharafat H. , Gurbanov Guseyn R. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Ismailova Rana A. ,   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Published: February 2025

Lead and silver thiogallates are notable for their practical applications in nonlinear optical devices, detectors, solar cells, photodiodes, and phosphors. This study aims to develop materials with multifunctional properties and investigate the AgGaS2–PbGa2S4 system. The initial sulfides, AgGaS2 and PbGa2S4, were synthesized from high-purity elements sealed in evacuated quartz ampoules (0.133 Pa). Complex alloys of the AgGaS2–PbGa2S4 system were prepared at 1200–1350 K. Polycrystalline samples were annealed at 850 K for 270 hours. Phase equilibria in the AgGaS2–PbGa2S4 system were analyzed using a combination of physicochemical methods, including differential thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness, and density measurements, and the phase diagram was constructed. The system was identified as a quasi-binary section of the quasi-ternary Ag2S–Ga2S3–PbS system, belonging to the eutectic type. The eutectic point was determined at 1100 K and 55 mol.% PbGa2S4. Solid solution regions were identified based on the primary components. At room temperature, the AgGaS2 solid solution region extends to 10 mol.% PbGa2S4, while the PbGa2S4 solid solution region extends to 18 mol.% AgGaS2. At the eutectic temperature, these solubilities increase to 20 and 25 mol.%, respectively. AgGaS2-based solid solutions crystallize in chalcopyrite-type structures, while PbGa2S4-based solid solutions adopt orthorhombic structures.
Validation of the Caregiver Burden Inventory for Persian-Speaking Caregivers of Stroke Patients
Authors: Mojtaba Alavi Seyed , Shabani Mohammadamin , Ebipoor Aida , Ghasemi Hanieh , Moghaddam Zeinab , Nematnejad Zahra , Amouzadeh Masoud Hassanvand , Taheri-Kharameh Zahra
Published: February 2025

Background: Stroke is recognized as the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of both disability and mortality on a global scale. Over the past few decades, the burden of stroke has continued to rise. The CBI, a commonly used tool across various caregiver populations, has demonstrated its effectiveness in comprehensively evaluating the impact of burden. The study is methodological that to the aim of translation and evaluate the validation the Caregiver Burden Inventory among Caregivers of Stroke Patients (CBI).
Methods: The 'forward-backward' procedure was applied to translate the questionnaire from English into Persian. One hundred and twelve caregivers of stroke patients were included in this study completed measure (translated version of the CBI). Validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and known group comparison. The Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability of the CBI.
Results: The mean age of caregivers of stroke patients was 47.06 (SD=9.07) years and the majority were woman (79.5%). The construct validity of the CBI was assessed using exploratory factor analysis, which identified four factors: Development and Physical health, time-dependence, emotional health and Social Relationships. Together, these factors explained 68.6% of the total variance observed. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the CBI was 0.94, with values ranging from 0.80 to 0.93 for its subscales.
Conclusions: The results of this study provide evidence that the Persian version of the CBI is a reliable and valid tool for measuring burden among caregivers of stroke patients. These results can inform the development of interventions to improve caregiving outcomes for both caregivers and stroke patients.
Impact and consequences of lowly pathogenic bird influenza H9N2 on indus-trial layers
Authors: Senyushkin S. M. , Kolechko A. V.
Published: February 2025

Avian Influenza – is a disease that affects birds and mammals, including humans. It is caused by a virus that is highly capable of genetic and antigenic variations and has characteristic biological properties, including pathogenicity and replication among different species. In addition to its ability to infect animals and cause more or less severe diseases in them, the influenza virus can also spread among people and cause death. Avian influenza is a disease caused by the influenza virus in bird populations, particularly in poultry and commercial poultry, which leads to significant economic losses. Avian influenza virus is present in wild bird populations, especially waterfowl, where it is maintained and evolves and can be transmitted from them to domestic animals, including pigs and poultry. Therefore, poultry farms near water bodies and ponds are at increased risk as they may attract wild waterfowl and other migratory birds. Nevertheless, it is very important to emphasize that not all avian influenza viruses have the same ability to infect people. Here it is relevant to note the low-pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2, which began spreading in Ukraine in 2021 and caused huge economic losses. The losses were caused by the emergence of an incomprehensible respiratory complex, reduced productivity in commercial and family flocks, deterioration in egg quality, and increased mortality of poultry with complicated etiology. Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) – means an infection of poultry or other birds caused by the influenza A virus. This complex disease is caused by viruses divided into several subtypes, H5 and H7, H9, but which do not fall under the definition of HPAI. They belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are segmented RNA viruses. Influenza A viruses based on hemagglutinin H are divided into 16 subtypes. In addition to the H antigen, influenza viruses have one of nine neuraminidase antigens (N). Each type of avian influenza virus has one hemagglutinin and one neuraminidase antigen, in any combination. The disease occurs worldwide, but different subtypes are more common in certain regions than others. Rheosartans have also begun to appear when a single cell is infected with different viruses. Since this infection is new in Ukraine and very dangerous for industrial poultry farming, I consider it expedient to study and highlight the growing problem.
Investigation of the specific toxicity of an antibacterial veterinary drug based on amoxicillin
Authors: Horiuk Y. V. , Sachuk R. M.
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of studying the subacute toxicity of the veterinary drug “Amoksidev 60” on white rats. The drug “Amoksidev 60” is a powder for preparing an oral solution. 1 g of the drug contains the active substance: amoxicillin – 500 mg (as amoxicillin trihydrate – 573 mg); auxiliary substances: anhydrous citric acid – up to 1 g. The veterinary medicinal product is used to treat pigs, in diseases of the digestive tract and respiratory organs caused by microorganisms sensitive to amoxicillin. As a result of the research, it was established that the oral administration of the drug “Amoksidev 60” (according to amoxicillin) with drinking water to white rats, in doses of 20.0 and 100.0 mg/kg of body weight, for 10 days, does not cause hemo-, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects on the body of laboratory animals, under the conditions of a subacute toxicological experiment. Whereas when the drug was administered at a dose of 200.0 mg/kg of body weight, 10 days after the start of drug administration, a decrease in total hemoglobin content by 7.3 %, hematocrit by 6.7 %, and the number of erythrocytes was recorded in the blood of rats by 8,8 % Р < 0.05) and in the blood serum – an increase in the activity of ALT, AST and urea concentration by 16,3; 17.8 and 10.9 % (Р < 0.05), respectively. However, 7 days after stopping the administration of the drug “Amoksidev 60” with drinking water in a 10-fold dose, the hematological and biochemical parameters of the rats' blood approached the control level. Further studies will be the next stage of pre-registration tests aimed at studying the toxicity of the drug “Amoksidev 60” during repeated administrations to pigs (subacute toxicity after oral administration), which is a mandatory material of the “Safety and residue studies” section of the dossier for this medicinal product.
The effect of the liposomal drug “Lipointersil” on the antioxidant status of the body of bulls under heavy metal loading
Authors: Slobodian S. O. , Gutyj B. V. , Sachuk R. M. , Martyshuk T. V. , Holovach P. I. , Vus U. M. , Kalyn B. M. , Khariv I. I. , Slobodiuk N. M. , Prysiazhniuk V. Ya. , Androniak V. V. , Reznichenko M. I.
Published: February 2025

The accumulation of cadmium and lead in the components of the natural environment increases the risk of their entry into the animal body and threatens their health. This study aimed to study the effect of the liposomal preparation “Lipointersyl,” based on interferon and milk thistle, on the antioxidant status of the body of bulls under conditions of toxic loading with Cadmium and Lead. The studies were conducted on young six-month-old cattle of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed at the agricultural enterprise “Ukraine” of the Dubrovytskyi district of the Rivne region, where high levels of these metals were found in the feed. When using the liposomal preparation “Lipointersil” in bulls, a decrease in lipid peroxidation processes was established. The components of the liposomal preparation reduced the level of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation, particularly diene conjugates, by 22.3 % and TBA-active products by 20 %. Intramuscular administration of the preparation contributed to the enhancement of antioxidant protection, which was confirmed by an increase in the level of reduced glutathione in the blood by 9.8% by the 30th day of the experiment. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase increased by 24.1 % and 27.7 %, respectively, was also noted. The study results on young cattle show that the liposomal preparation “Lipointersil,” under conditions of toxic load with Cadmium and Lead, activates the glutathione system of antioxidant protection, improving the system's enzymatic and non-enzymatic links. The activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the blood of bulls of the experimental group remained within physiological values. Therefore, the liposomal preparation “Lipointersil” exhibits antioxidant properties and is recommended for use in young cattle in conditions of heavy metal contamination to prevent oxidative stress.
Innovative technologies of the application of the immune complex vaccine “Nextmune®” in the prevention of Gambaro’s disease in poultry farming of the meat direction
Authors: Marchenko V. V. , Kolechko A. V.
Published: February 2025

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus is one of the most persistent and prevalent viruses in poultry worldwide, and vaccination alone is the main means of controlling this disease. However, the susceptibility of highly attenuated IBDV vaccine strains to neutralization by maternal antibodies (MDA) and the predominant virulence of partially attenuated strains limit the use of conventional live IBDV vaccines in pre- and post-hatching chickens. Although the disease has been well controlled by the widespread use of commercial vaccines, a new variant strain of IBDV has emerged as a result of strong immunized selection in the field, creating new threats to poultry production. In terms of productivity and economic impact established that Gamboro disease can lead to reduced weight gain, as well as increased feed conversion, secondary infections, slaughterhouse condemnations, mortality and morbidity, resulting in losses and reduced profitability. The article examines the results of serological control of the effectiveness of vaccination of broilers against infectious bursal disease (IBD) using the immunocomplex vaccine Sevak Transmun in the incubator. Immunocomplex vaccines are modern representatives of the evolution of biotechnology, which do not cause post-vaccination complications in birds and do not have interference phenomena. They provide individual immunity formation even with different levels of maternal antibodies (MAT) when administered subcutaneously to day-old chicks or by the in ovo method to 18-day-old chicken embryos. Vaccination in the hatchery with such vaccines is more accurate and provides protection to the whole bird, unlike live vaccines, which are usually administered through drinking water.
Secondary plant metabolites as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial substances
Authors: Vyniarska A.
Published: February 2025

Microbial resistance to antimicrobial drugs is becoming a serious threat worldwide. The mechanisms of bacterial resistance are spreading globally, making it difficult to treat common infectious diseases. The irrational use of antibiotics contributes to the accelerated development of microbial resistance. An alternative way of preventing and treating infectious diseases is through secondary plant metabolites. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans and animals has a long history dating back 10,000 years. Knowledge about plant properties has been passed down from generation to generation, forming the basis of traditional medicine in various cultures - from Ancient Egypt and India, to pre-Columbian America and Europe to the present day. Ancient texts such as Ayurveda, the Ebers Papyrus, the Berlin Papyrus, and Avicenna's treatises describe thousands of medicinal plants and their uses in humane and veterinary medicine. Given the problem of antibiotic resistance, scientists are actively researching secondary metabolites of plants as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobials. The use of biologically active substances of plant origin is becoming a promising area in the fight against resistant strains of microorganisms. Unlike synthetic antibiotics, no resistance to these compounds has been reported, and their ability to enhance the effect of antibiotics has been studied. Plants are used to study the mechanisms of horizontal transfer of resistance genes. Natural compounds have been shown to be effective in destroying biofilms of microorganisms, which opens up prospects for the development of new antibiotic strategies. The use of secondary plant metabolites may be the key to overcoming current challenges in the fight against resistant infections. Since the problem of microbial resistance affects humans, animals and the environment, its solution requires an integrated approach and cooperation of specialists from different sectors to overcome microbial resistance.
Quercetin: biological activity, therapeutic potential and prospects of the use
Authors: Vyniarska A. V.
Published: February 2025

Quercetin is one of the flavonoids of a large group of phenolic compounds, which are secondary metabolites of plants and have a wide range of biological activity. A plant pigment, which is a powerful antioxidant flavonoid, found mainly in onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli and citrus fruits. The flavonoid quercetin, due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial and other beneficial properties, is a promising biologically active substance and the subject of attention of many scientists around the world. In connection with the global problem of antimicrobial resistance, the scientific community is actively investigating the possibilities of using quercetin to create new antimicrobial drugs, especially against resistant strains of bacteria. Its combination with antibiotics can increase the effectiveness of standard antibacterial therapy. The use of quercetin in the fight against biofilms of microorganisms is also a promising area of research. The history of the study of quercetin began in 1814, and in 1854 the glycosidic nature of this substance was established. However, the world's interest in flavonoids, including quercetin, appeared only in 1936 after it was found that the sum of flavonoids of lemon peel has P-vitamin activity and strengthens the walls of blood vessels. Quercetin is synthesized in more than 400 plants and this is a large field of research for the scientific community, overcoming the low bioavailability of quercetin when administered orally and studying the passage of various forms of quercetin through the digestive tract, bioavailability – a task to be solved. Thus, quercetin is a promising bioactive compound with a wide range of medicinal properties. Its use in medicine can be the largest direction for combating statistical infectious, inflammatory and cancer diseases, as well as for improving general health and supporting the immune system. Research and development of quercetin-based drugs is a relevant area of modern science and human and veterinary medicine.
Market analysis and use of biocides in veterinary clinics of Ukraine
Authors: Lysak O. M. , Peleno R. A.
Published: February 2025

Disinfection is key to ensuring the effective operation of veterinary clinics and minimizing the risk of spreading infections. The health of animals undergoing treatment and the biological safety of staff and visitors depends on the quality of disinfection measures. The effectiveness of sanitary treatment of veterinary facilities directly depends on the effectiveness of disinfectants used for its implementation. The work aimed to analyze the market of veterinary biocides in Ukraine and compile a list of the most commonly used for disinfection of veterinary clinic facilities. According to the research results, it was found that from 2020 to 2024, the market of veterinary medicines and biocides in Ukraine experienced significant fluctuations. In particular, the largest number of registrations of veterinary drugs (299) and biocides (90) was recorded in 2020. In 2021, a sharp decrease in registrations was noted, especially for biocides, for which 41.1 % fewer registration certificates were issued than the previous year. In 2022, a temporary increase in the issuance of registration certificates was established due to the registrations of 17 more drugs and 35 more biocides. In 2024, the number of registration certificates issued, compared to the previous year, was 6 fewer for drugs and 13 more for biocides. The increase in the number of registration certificates for biocides after 2021 was due to the registration of more insect-acaricidal agents against the background of a decrease in the registration of technical and antiseptic agents. Thus, among all registered products of this group, the number of registration documents issued for insect-acaricidal products in different years ranged from 66 to 94.7 %, and for technical products decreased from 20 % in 2020 to 5.3 % in 2024. The share for antiseptic products was only in 2020 and 2022 and amounted to 5.0 and 18.4 %, respectively. Similar dynamics were observed in the process of re-registration of biocides. A clear trend was established towards an increase in the share of insect-acaricidal products (from 66 % to 81.6 %), a gradual decrease in the share of technical products, and a small number of antiseptic products (8.2–14 %). It was determined that with a difference of 16.2 %, domestic manufacturers' products prevail in the market of our country, and in the list of the most used for disinfection of veterinary clinic facilities, products containing more than two active substances account for 25 %, based on alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds and oxidants – 16.6 % each, halogen-containing – 12.6 %, and based on aldehydes, phenols and alkalis – 4.2 %.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AS A STRATEGIC DIRECTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: GLOBAL AND NATIONAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, Shmygol Nadiia , Antoniuk Anatolii ,   Collegium Civitas, Poland, Trokhymets Olena ,   Classic Private University
Published: February 2025

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the concept of the circular economy as an important element of strategic sustainable development, which has become highly relevant in the face of global environmental and economic challenges. The author analyzes the experience of European Union countries in applying the principles of the circular economy, with particular emphasis on various management tools, including the adaptation of the legal and regulatory framework, innovative approaches to waste management, and the development of the green economy. The article discusses the hierarchy of priorities in waste management, which includes preventing waste generation, reusing, recycling, and disposal. These principles should serve as the foundation for all government policies and initiatives aimed at reducing environmental impact and achieving more sustainable economic development. It examines various regulatory models that contribute to improving the efficiency of economic systems and reducing environmental pollution. The article also offers practical recommendations for the implementation of European approaches in Ukraine, taking into account national characteristics, economic, and environmental factors. It addresses the importance of increasing the efficiency of the national economy through investments in "green" technologies and recycling infrastructure. The recommendations provided in the article are focused on overcoming challenges encountered on the way to a circular economy, such as insufficient funding for recycling infrastructure, the lack of advanced recycling technologies, low public and business awareness of the benefits of a circular economy, and insufficient support from government bodies. Overall, the article highlights the importance of the circular economy as a strategy for sustainable development at the global level, as well as its adaptation and implementation in national strategies, particularly in Ukraine.
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors:   University of Bioresources and Nature Management of Ukraine, Cherniavskyi Ivan
Published: February 2025

The article clarifies the essence and characteristics of intellectual capital. It is emphasized that the transition to new business models of agricultural enterprises in the digital economy requires an emphasis on intangible (intellectual) resources. The features of the formation and development of intellectual capital of agricultural enterprises in the digital economy are considered. It is noted that the specifics of the activities of agricultural enterprises are closely related to the development of their intellectual capital, and digital transformation contributes to the creation of unique systems and processes that change the traditional business models of agricultural enterprises. Proposals are substantiated to take into account the features of the formation and development of intellectual capital by agricultural enterprises, arguing that such development should occur according to key components, including: knowledge and skills of employees, competencies, qualifications and experience of agronomists, technologists, managers and other specialists; development of new technologies, plant varieties, soil cultivation methods and agronomic practices; information digital modules, knowledge management systems, creating a database that stores information on agronomic practices, market research, technologies, etc.; networks and partnerships, strategic alliances with other enterprises, scientific institutions and agricultural producers; social responsibility, inclusion, brand, reputation, image, organizational culture of agricultural enterprises in the market, consumer trust; digital technologies, the use of modern IT solutions for production management, yield monitoring, data analysis and process automation; adaptability to change, the ability of agricultural enterprises to adapt to changes in market conditions, climate challenges and other factors that may affect activities is important. The outlined components of intellectual capital will help agricultural enterprises not only increase productivity, but also ensure sustainable development and high competitiveness in the long term.
THE ROLE OF CYBERSECURITY IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Zaiats Diana , Kytsyuk Iryna ,   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University
Published: February 2025

This article explores cybersecurity as a critical challenge for contemporary international economic relations. The increasing reliance of the global economy on digital infrastructure has introduced significant vulnerabilities, including cyberattacks, data breaches, industrial espionage, and threats to critical infrastructure. These challenges have profound implications for states, multinational corporations, and international organizations, reshaping the dynamics of economic interdependence and competition on a global scale. The research highlights the growing sophistication of cyber threats and their potential to disrupt economic stability. The article examines specific case studies of cyber incidents that have had far-reaching economic and political consequences, demonstrating how malicious actors exploit the interconnected nature of digital systems. Furthermore, it delves into the geopolitical dimensions of cybersecurity, emphasizing the role of cyber operations in statecraft, economic sabotage, and competitive advantage in international markets. Special attention is paid to international cooperation and the development of global cybersecurity frameworks. The study evaluates existing policies and agreements, such as the Budapest Convention and efforts by organizations like the United Nations and the World Economic Forum, aimed at promoting a unified approach to addressing cyber risks. However, it also addresses the challenges posed by geopolitical rivalries, which often hinder collective action and foster fragmentation in the global governance of cybersecurity. The article also explores the implications of cybersecurity for economic policies and strategies. It underscores the need for countries to balance openness in trade and technology with the imperatives of national security and data sovereignty. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and quantum computing are identified as both opportunities and vulnerabilities in this context. The study concludes that cybersecurity is not merely a technical issue but a strategic imperative that profoundly influences the future of international economic relations. Addressing cyber threats requires a holistic approach that integrates technological innovation, regulatory frameworks, and multilateral cooperation. Only through coordinated efforts can the international community mitigate risks, foster economic resilience, and ensure sustainable growth in the digital age. This article contributes to the broader discourse on the intersection of cybersecurity and global economics, offering insights into the strategies necessary to navigate the complex challenges of a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
THE IMPACT OF THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OF TNC ON THE ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Kushnir Nataliya , Khymynets Volodymyr ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Kornash Volodymyr ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: February 2025

Transnational corporations (TNCs) play an important role in the world economy. Many of these corporations have significant economic resources and the ability to contribute to economic development in developing countries. The large size of TNCs makes them extremely powerful in negotiations with nation states. Their ability to employ many people and invest in the country as a whole leads many governments to consider the presence of TNCs in their country as a tool for foreign capital investment. As a result, developing countries attract TNCs through Export Processing Zones (EPZs) and Free Trade Zones (FTZs). As part of the free trade zone, governments offer a number of incentives for the investment activities of TNCs. Incentives include tax breaks, lower wages and the removal of job protections. As each country competes with the other for TNCs to establish themselves on its borders, there is increasingly a competitive battle for TNCs. The influence of investment activities of TNCs on the economy of host countries is explored in the article. The positive and negative impact of the activities of TNCs on the economy of the countries of the world is analyzed. Special attention is focused on the study of the impact of TNC activities on the economies of China, India and Vietnam. The leading TNCs and their role in the economic growth of host countries are considered. Recommendations are offered to improve cooperation between MNCs and host countries in order to ensure a balance between economic benefits and socio-environmental risks.
TRENDS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISES IN THE GLOBAL HIGH-TECH PRODUCT MARKET
Authors:   State University "Uzhhorod National University", Roshko Svitlana , Hoshivska Tetiana ,   State University "Uzhhorod National University"
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes key trends in the activities of international enterprises operating in the global high-tech product market. High-tech products encompass goods and services developed based on advanced scientific research and modern technologies. This market spans various industries, including information technology, biotechnology, aerospace, robotics, green energy, nanotechnology, and more. With the continuous implementation of innovative solutions, enterprises in this sector face both unique opportunities and challenges. The impact of innovative and digital technologies on the industry’s development is examined, focusing on the role of artificial intelligence, big data, and automation. Business internationalization processes, increasing competition, environmental responsibility, and sustainable development are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to regulatory challenges and cybersecurity issues. The study emphasizes the necessity of continuous investment in research and development to maintain competitiveness. It concludes that effective use of innovations, adaptation to new conditions, and active collaboration with other market participants are crucial for success in the high-tech sector. As the high-tech market evolves, competition intensifies. New players, including startups, rapidly implement innovative ideas, often competing with large corporations. This process drives technological progress but requires enterprises to continuously invest in research and development to remain competitive. Additionally, the market is witnessing an increase in mergers and acquisitions, enabling companies to strengthen their positions, consolidate technological resources, and expand their customer base. Modern enterprises in the high-tech sector are increasingly aligning with the principles of sustainable development. Environmental responsibility and social considerations are becoming essential components of business strategies. The findings underline the importance of enterprise adaptability in the rapidly changing global market environment.
ВНУТРІШНІЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ПУБЛІЧНИХ ЗАКУПІВЕЛЬ БЮДЖЕТНИХ УСТАНОВ
Authors: Боярова Олена
Published: February 2025

Розглянуто публічні закупівлі, як інструмент, який забезпечує потреби держави в товарах, роботах і послугах через проведення різних видів процедур закупівель. Значний розвиток закупівель через систему Прозоро посилює роль контрольної функції. Контроль за закупівлями зростає, адже однією із головних вимог суспільства є ефективне використання фінансового ресурсу держави. Потреба у професійному контролі за проведенням публічних закупівель спрямована на попередження неефективного та незаконного використання державних коштів. Узагальнено основні види порушень, які виявлені під час перевірок та моніторингу публічних закупівель Держаудитслужбою України. Деталізовано порядок проведення внутрішнього контролю публічних закупівель. Запропонована анкета внутрішнього контролю публічних закупівель. Запропоновано шляхи покращення організації внутрішнього контролю публічних закупівель бюджетних установ. Окреслено напрями досліджень на перспективу в частині виокремлення виконання договірних зобов’язань та внесення змін до договору.
ЗМІНА СПОЖИВЧОГО АСОРТИМЕНТУ В УКРАЇНІ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ КРИЗОВИХ СИТУАЦІЙ
Authors: Безтелесна Людмила , Паламарчук Оксана
Published: February 2025

У статті обґрунтовано зміни потреб споживачів до та у період кризових ситуацій, що пов’язані зі світовою пандемією коронавірусної хвороби та війни в Україні. Розглянуто фактори впливу на зміну споживчого асортименту. Виявлено види змін, які ймовірно відбуваються у споживчому асортименті під час кризових ситуацій. Досліджено як вплив криз пов’язаний із задоволенням першочергових потреб людей. Вивчено споживчі настрої українців після повномасштабного вторгнення. Визначено, що ринок споживчих товарів є віддзеркаленням економічної ситуації в країнах, розвитку регіонів польсько-українського прикордоння, успішності економічної політики держав, а також характеризує стан соціально-економічної стабільності та продовольчої безпеки. За спостереженнями компанії «Deloitte» було виявлено, що зростання онлайн-покупок, стало дуже важливим трендом воєнного часу для бізнесу. Проаналізовано необхідність раціонального та ефективного використання наявних ресурсів та збереженні фінансів. Проведено вивчення змін у споживчому асортименті в кризових ситуаціях, де визначено, що зменшення доходів спонукає споживачів віддавати перевагу більш дешевим товарам та послугам, відмовлятися від непотрібних покупок та шукати альтернативи брендовим товарам. Досліджено, що на вибір окремих категорій товарів й активність покупок суттєво вплинула вимушена зміна місця перебування людей. Виявлено, що кризові ситуації, особливо війна, завжди мають вагомий вплив на всі аспекти життя суспільства, включаючи і споживчий асортимент, який під час війни в Україні надалі може тягнути за собою низку змін, оскільки кризові обставини змінюють потреби споживання. Виявлено, що споживчий асортимент українців від початку війни зазнавав значних змін через вплив обставин, економічну ситуацію в державі та зміну пріоритетів. Підсумовано, що кризи можуть прискорювати розвиток технологій, які відкривають нові можливості для задоволення потреб споживачів та змінюють їх звички.
ОСНОВНІ АСПЕКТИ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ХОДОВИХ СИСТЕМ СУЧАСНОЇ АГРАРНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ
Authors: Чепіжний Андрій Володимирович , Зубко Владислав Миколайович , Коваленко Владислав Євгенійович , Шутко Віталій Володимирович
Published: February 2025

У статті представлено аналіз існуючих класифікацій аграрної техніки з виконанням їх об’єднання в загальну систему відповідно до показників та параметрів аналізу взаємодії рушія з ґрунтом. При цьому враховано, що більшість аграрної техніки має свої класифікації типів ходових систем, що поєднуються між собою окремими параметрами. Виходячи з такого твердження виникає можливість провести їх об’єднання для виконання загальної класифікації, що буде зрозумілою та максимально описуватиме всі можливі параметри існуючих ходових систем. Для початку класифікації необхідною умовою є врахування типу колісного рушія відповідно до розподілу на активні, пасивні та реактивні. З відси активними є колеса (гусениці), що є ведучими на техніці. Пасивними – ведені колеса (гусениці), а реактивними є фактично привідні колеса різноманітної техніки. Іншою умовою складання класифікації ходових систем аграрної техніки є її універсальність в застосуванні для існуючої аграрної техніки іноземного та вітчизняного виробництва, з врахуванням особливостей попереднього та подальшого її розвитку. У відповідності до запропонованої класифікації ходових систем та їх розвитку, класична схема позначень не дає можливості детально охарактеризувати існуючі ходові системи з врахуванням їх особливостей. Виходячи з такої проблематики нами пропонується застосувати власну формульну характеристику, що здатна повністю охарактеризувати всі типи ходових систем. Надалі дана класифікація надає можливість аналізу особливостей взаємодії рушія з ґрунтом з більш чітким врахуванням всіх можливих відмінностей та факторів впливу на реалізацію тягового зусилля агрегату. Не менш важливим фактором застосування даної класифікації залишається і можливість виокремлення додаткових функцій агарної техніки, що не використовуються в певних умовах, але нав’язується різноманітними дилерами. Все це підтверджує універсальність та ефективність застосування даної класифікації при виборі, аналізі та проведенні розрахунків аграрної техніки. Гнучкість загальної класифікації фактично дозволяє моделювати параметри для створення нових типів ходових систем та виконувати їх подальший опис. Формульне позначення вдало описує загальну компоновку рушія та дозволяє зрозуміти основні параметри, що потребують уваги з боку проведення подальшого дослідження.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ДОСВІДУ РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНИХ ЗАХОДІВ З БЕЗПЕКИ ПРАЦІ
Authors: Хурсенко Світлана Миколаївна , Семерня Олена Володимирівна , Хворост Тетяна В’ячеславівна , Василенко Ольга Олександрівна
Published: February 2025

Безпека праці є ключовим елементом забезпечення соціальної стабільності та економічного зростання. Враховуючи інтеграцію України до європейського простору, важливим завданням є впровадження передових практик ЄС у сфері охорони праці. Для вирішення існуючих проблем у сфері безпеки праці необхідна ефективна взаємодія органів державної влади, громадськості і бізнесу. Важливим фактором є також реалізація як на державному, так і на місцевих рівнях відповідних програм, спрямованих на інноваційне покращення умов праці, технологізацію і безпеку праці. Реалізація таких програм дозволить розробити і впровадити обґрунтовану державну систему наглядової, навчально-методичної, контрольної діяльності та фінансування у сфері безпеки праці. Вирішення проблеми науково-методичного та інформаційного забезпечення з питань безпеки праці на національному, регіональному, та місцевому рівнях дозволить здійснити комплексне вирішення задач охорони праці, забезпечити пріоритет життя і здоров’я працівників по відношенню до результатів виробничої діяльності. В Україні дедалі більше приділяється увага до вивчення європейського досвіду щодо профілактики ризиків, інституційної підтримки та навчання, системного підходу до безпеки праці, проте необхідно розширити кількість емпіричних досліджень щодо впровадження цих практик на державному рівні. Профілактичні заходи з охорони праці в Україні та країнах Європейського Союзу спрямовані на попередження травматизму, професійних захворювань та покращення умов праці. Хоча підходи мають певні відмінності, вони ґрунтуються на спільних принципах. У статті описані основні процедури та науково-методичне забезпечення алгоритму розроблення профілактичних заходів з охорони праці на державному рівні, що дозволяє здійснити усі основні процедури розроблення й одержати необхідні заходи для удосконалення національної системи безпеки праці, створення безпечних і здорових умов праці на виробництві. Запропонований підхід базується на аналізі європейського досвіду та сприяє удосконаленню національної системи охорони праці за рахунок вирішення методологічних питань системного підходу оцінки ризиків, удосконалення законодавчої бази, інституційної підтримки, соціального діалогу та цифровізації.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ РЕЦЕПТУРИ БЕЗЛАКТОЗНОГО СИРОВАТКОВОГО СИРУ «CARAMEL CHEESE»
Authors: Синенко Тетяна Павлівна , Барабанова Любов Павлівна
Published: February 2025

Перспективність виробництва сироваткового сиру, що обумовлено позитивним соціальним, економічним та екологічним впливом, виробництвом доступних, поживних продуктів та безвідходним виробництвом, в роботі обґрунтовано доцільність розробки нових рецептурних композицій сирів на основі сироватки молочної. Для досягнення даної цілі було визначено можливість використання гідролізованої згущеної молочної сироватки в технології сирів по типу «Брюност». Згідно отриманих результатів в сироватці згущеній вміст сухих речовин в 3,3 рази більший ніж в нативній сироватці. Дослідження якісних показників сироватки згущеної дозволяють вважати її перспективною для використання в технології сирів типу «Брюност». В сироватці молочній основну хімічного складу займає лактоза. Відомо, що присутність даного типу цукру в продуктах може мати обмеження до споживання окремим категоріями населення, які мають лактозну непереносимість. Для розширення кола споживачів – виготовлення безлактозного продукту, і скорочення тривалості теплової обробки (уварювання), а саме пришвидшення утворення характерних сенсорних показників «коричневого сиру», нами запропоновано попередній ферментоліз лактози сироватки молочної згущеної. Відповідальним етапом технології «коричневих сирів» є утворення характерного забарвлення, смаку та аромату сиру при теплової обробки (уварювання) – випарювання вологи та згущення суміші. На інтенсивність утворення смако-ароматичних речовин, забарвлення та вмісту сухих речовин в суміші впливають такі технологічні параметри теплової обробки (уварювання), як температура і тривалість. По результатам дослідження, встановлені такі раціональні параметри теплової обробки: температура – (95,0±3,0)°C; тривалість – (240…270) хвилин. Результати визначення виходу сиру показують, що використання сироватки згущеної в рецептурі сиру сприяє збільшенню виходу сиру в 1,87 рази. Згідно сенсорних показників розроблений безлактозний сир «Caramel cheese» характеризується більш привабливими характеристиками для споживача, порівняно з класичним варіантом сиру.
Grounds For The Information About the Campaign of Georgians to Jerusalem in the First Half of 16th Century
Authors: Meskhi Tamar
Published: February 2025

According to “Akhali Kartlis Tskhovreba” (New Life of Kartli, 1st half of 18th c.), the Ottoman Sultan assigned the envoy to King George of Kartli (1525-1527), King Bagrat of Imereti (1520-1574) and King Levan of Kakheti (1510-1527) and informed that Georgian churches of Jerusalem were taken over by an enemy. He called the kings to drive the enemy away and promised to transfer the churches to them. Georgian kings were glad to arrange the campaign to Jerusalem, and the sultan fulfilled his promise. This information was repeated by Vakhushti Bagrationi and Timote Gabashvili in various versions and with some additions.

This information has raised different opinions among researchers as early as in 19th century. Part of them (T. Bagrationi, T. Zhordania) have not questioned its validity while the others (M. Brosset, Al. Tsagareli) stated that the Georgians would never come to Jerusalem with the weapons. Discussions on this issue continued into the twentieth century. E. Metreveli and L. Menabde questioned the Georgian “campaign” in Jerusalem. Though no new historical sources dealing with the above issues were found, differences of view still persist. Most researchers (E. Mamistvalishvili, R. Pirtskhalaishvili, A. Tvaradze, S. Maskharashvili, Ts. Ghvaberidze) regard that the campaign of Georgians to Jerusalem has really taken place. Each of them justifies the cause and time of the “campaign” of Georgians to Jerusalem (1517 or 1527) in his way. G. Japaridze, relying on Arabian sources, made the conclusion that discussing the Georgian’s campaign to Jerusalem is unreal and groundless. This has never occurred. Therefore, it is even more interesting to clarify what is based on the information on the “campaign” of Georgians to Jerusalem.

The research showed that: when Sultan Suleiman I (1521-1566) arranged a campaign to Europe (1521-1532), the Franciscans driven away from Sion fought to return back or to settle in Jerusalem – they attempted to purchase or hire a Georgian monastery located in Jerusalem, named “Dair-al-Amud” (“Column”). Against the background of the events in Jerusalem, it is not excluded that the Sultan has made an appeal to the Georgians to protect Georgian churches, Supposedly, Georgian kings have really arrived in Jerusalem but not to fight, rather to claim their rights on Georgian churches and monasteries and this, due to hostile relations with the Ottoman Empire, was later rethought and regarded as the campaign.
The Mišūr of Pīr Khatīb Pisī: Its Study and Critical Analysis
Authors: Pirbari Dimitri , Mossaki Nodar
Published: February 2025

The article provides an analysis of the Yezidi mišūrs, written records composed in Arabic. Its primary function is to establish a connection between particular murid tribes and specific factions within the ecclesiastical caste system, notably the pīrs. As Yezidism places substantial reliance on oral transmissions, these mišūrs assume a momentous role in facilitating a deeper comprehension of Yezidi religious beliefs and historical aspects.

The focus of this article centers on the Mišūr of the Pīr Khatīb Pisī, originally published in Iraq in 1994 and subsequently reprinted in its entirety in 2017. Moreover, an English translation of this work was made available. However, it's noteworthy that these publications contain numerous inaccuracies, particularly in the rendering of proper nouns, tribal designations, and geographical names. These errors are manifest in both the Arabic rendition and the English translation. This article serves the purpose of rectifying these discrepancies present in earlier versions of the Mišūr Khatīb Pisī, while also enhancing the understanding of its content. Furthermore, through a comprehensive analysis of the tribes, certain appellations pertaining to the pīrs are refined and clarified.
Adonis as the Modernist Poet
Authors: Dolidze Nino
Published: February 2025

Adonis (1930-) is a Syrian poet who played an important role in the development of modern Arabic verse. The form of his poetry, as well as its content, are nourished by national culture.

If in the West, there is not one definite opinion about the attitude of modernism to the tradition – should it reject everything traditional or use it? For Adonis, it’s a clear thing – he thinks that the knowledge of classical poetry is necessary to write a new Arabic verse. A really modern poem is part of culture and history and not only just ideas or feelings expressed by a single person. A poet must value the beauty of Arabic because it’s impossible to create something new and valuable by the language, with the heritage and memory of which you are not acquainted. The main thing for Adonis, in the condition of the Western political and economic expansion, is to preserve identity. Preservation of tradition and language as the basic factors of identity is necessary for the internationalization of Arabic Culture.

If the main character of European modernist literature has a crisis of subjectivity, the lyrical hero of a Syrian poet is an individual with certain values. If the language of Western modernists is irrational, Adonis’s language is in serve of creating of the new Arabic identity. If European modernist culture criticizes the falseness of religion, Adonis thinks that the state and religion must be separated from each other, and Islam must assess individualism.

According to the Western point of view, the process of modernization in the Arabic Culture was connected basically to Europeanisation. This opinion is not groundless, as after Napoleon’s expansion, a lot of novelties came from Europe to the Arab world. But Adonis managed to prove with his creations that Arab modernism has its own intellectual and philosophical grounds.