bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the Wrist-Worn Atlas Wristband2 Monitor to Objectively Measure Resistance Training Exercises
Authors: Steeves Jeremy A. , Conger Scott A. , Mitrzyk Joe R. , Perry Trevor A. , Flanagan Elise , Fox Alecia K. , Weisinger Trystan , Montoye Alexander H.K.
Published: October 2019

Background: Devices for monitoring physical activity have focused mainly on measuring aerobic activity; however, the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans also recommend muscle-resistance training two or more days per week. Recently, a wrist-worn activity monitor, the Atlas Wristband2, was developed to recognize resistance training exercises. Purpose: To assess the ability of the Wristband2 to identify the type and number of repetitions of resistance training exercises, when worn on the left wrist as directed by the manufacturer, and when worn on the right wrist. Methods: While wearing monitors on both wrists, 159 participants completed a circuit-style workout consisting of two sets of 12 repetitions of 14 different resistance training exercises. Data from the monitors were used to determine classification accuracies for identifying exercise type verses direct observation. The average repetitions and mean absolute error (MAE) for repetitions were calculated for each exercise. Results: The Wristband2 classification accuracy for exercise type was 78.4 ± 2.5%, ranging from 54.7 ± 3.4% (dumbbell [DB] bench press) to 97.5 ± 1.0% (DB biceps curls), when worn on the left wrist. An average of 11.0 ± 0.2 repetitions, ranging from 9.0 ± 0.3 repetitions (DB lunges) to 11.9 ± 0.1 repetitions (push-ups), were identified. For all exercises, MAE ranged from 0.0–4.6 repetitions. When worn on the right wrist, exercise type classification accuracy dropped to 24.2 ± 5.1%, and repetitions decreased to 8.1 ± 0.8 out of 12. Conclusions: The Wristband2, worn on the left wrist, had acceptable exercise classification and repetition counting capabilities for many of the 14 exercises used in this study, and may be a useful tool to objectively track resistance training.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perceived Confidence Measures in Athletes With a History of Ankle Sprain
Authors: Corbett Revay O. , Keith Tyler R. , Hertel Jay
Published: October 2019

Context: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) and functional performance tests are recommended in the National Athletic Trainers’ Association’s position statement on the prevention and management of ankle sprains during the return-to-play process. Evaluating perceived confidence may be another valuable method to evaluate an athlete’s readiness to return-to-play following an ankle sprain. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between PROs and perceived confidence when performing functional performance tasks in high school athletes with a history of ankle sprain. Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Public high school. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 25 high school student-athletes (6 males and 19 females, age 16.2 [1.1] y, height 169.3 [7.7] cm, mass 63.2 [9.8] kg). Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measures: The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Identification of Functional Ankle Instability, and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 were completed by all participants. Participants then completed the weight-bearing lunge test; star excursion balance test; lateral, up–down, and triple hop tests; the single-leg vertical jump; and Southeast Missouri agility test and were asked to report their confidence in completing each task using a VAS with anchors of “no confidence” and “complete confidence.” Pearson r correlations were calculated between the PROs and the confidence VAS scores of the functional tests. Results: Moderate to strong negative correlations were identified between pain VAS measures and confidence VAS measures for all functional tests except the star excursion balance test and vertical jump. Moderate negative correlations were found between Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 scores and perceived confidence during the star excursion balance test and vertical jump. Finally, a moderate positive correlation was identified between Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool scores and perceived confidence measures during the Southeast Missouri agility test. Conclusions: High school athletes with a history of ankle sprain demonstrated significant correlations between several PROs and perceived confidence during various functional performance tests. The value of perceived confidence measures when making return-to-play decisions after ankle sprains warrants further investigation.
Relationship Between Pain Catastrophizing and 6-Month Outcomes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Jochimsen Kate N. , Pelton Margaret R. , Mattacola Carl G. , Huston Laura J. , Reinke Emily K. , Spindler Kurt P. , Lattermann Christian , Jacobs Cale A.
Published: October 2019

Background: Pain catastrophizing predicts poor outcomes following orthopedic procedures for patients with chronic conditions; however, limited research has focused on acute injuries. This study aimed to quantify the progression of Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) scores from injury to 6-months post–anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and determine if preoperative or 6-month PCS scores were related with self-reported pain or function 6 months post-ACLR. The authors hypothesized PCS scores would minimally fluctuate and would be related with worse outcomes 6-months post-ACLR. Methods: All 48 participants (27 male/21 female; aged 22.7 [4.6] y, body mass index 24 [3.3]) included in this secondary analysis of a randomized control trial sustained an ACL injury during sports activity. Participants completed the PCS and Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 5 time points: within 7 days of injury (INITIAL), day of surgery, 2 weeks postoperative (2W), 6 weeks postoperative (6W), and 6 months postoperative (6M). They completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at 6M. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Spearman rank-order correlations were used for analysis. Results: PCS scores were not fixed (INITIAL: 11.6 [10.8], day of surgery: 2.5 [3.7], 2W: 8.0 [7.8], 6W: 3.7 [6], 6M: 0.8 [2.3]). They fluctuated in response to injury and ACLR similar to Pain VAS scores. Preoperative PCS scores were not related with 6M outcomes; however, 6M PCS scores were significantly related with 6M Pain VAS and KOOS subscales. Conclusions: PCS scores fluctuated in response to injury and ACLR. Preoperative PCS scores were not related with 6M outcomes; however, 6M PCS scores correlated with pain and function at 6M. High pain catastrophizing appears to be a natural response immediately following acute ACL injury and ACLR, but may not be indicative of a poor postoperative result. PCS scores 6-months following ACLR may provide useful information regarding self-reported pain and function.
Turkish Physical Education Teachers’ Use of Teaching Styles: Self-Reported Versus Observed
Authors: Parsak Burhan , Saraç Leyla
Published: October 2019

Objective:The objectives of this study were to (a) identify Turkish middle-school physical education teachers’ self-reported use and perceptions of spectrum teaching styles, (b) determine the spectrum teaching styles the teachers use when teaching, and (c) examine whether gender and teaching experience were differentiating factors.Method:A convenience sample of 58 female and 62 male teachers working in 86 different middle schools located in Adana (Turkey) were recruited into the study. The data were collected using two validated instruments: the Physical Education Teachers’ Use of Teaching Styles and Perceptions of Styles Questionnaire, and the Instrument for Identifying Teaching Styles.Results:The findings based on the teachers’ reported perceptions (questionnaire data) revealed that the teachers employed the full spectrum of teaching styles in their classes, ranging from teacher centered to student centered, regardless of their gender or level of teaching experience. However, the data based on actual observations of teaching styles yielded less evidence that the self-reported styles were used in actual teaching settings. The teachers’ perceptions and their actual use of teaching styles did not vary according to the gender and/or teaching experience of the teacher.Conclusion:There is a discrepancy between teachers’ self-reported teaching styles and the actual use of the styles in their teaching.
Using Simple Interactions to Improve Pedagogy in a Cross-Aged Leadership Program
Authors: Hemphill Michael A. , Martinek Tom
Published: October 2019

Cross-aged teaching programs provide leadership experiences to youth who aim to influence children to be responsible, caring, and compassionate.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a leadership development protocol on relationship development in an established cross-aged teaching program.Method: Guided by the developmental relationships framework, “Simple Interactions” was implemented with a group of nine youth leaders. The intent was to help them improve their relationships with children in four categories (a) connection, (b) reciprocity, (c) participation, and (d) progression. Data were collected through reflection documents and focus group interviews.Results: Qualitative results explain how Simple Interactions impacted reflection and revealed strategies youth leaders used to build relationships with children.Discussion: The findings suggest that the Simple Interactions protocol may provide an innovative strategy to promote reflective practice and develop positive relationships in a cross-aged teaching program.
Sport Sociology, In Question1
Authors: Newman Joshua I.
Published: October 2019

In this article, which is an expanded and updated adaptation of the 2018 North American Society for the Sociology of Sport Presidential Address, I look at the challenges and opportunities presented to the field by the Sokal 2.0 hoax. Specifically, I look at issues of epistemology and politics as expressed in, and produced through, the field(s) of sport sociology, physical cultural studies, and critical studies in/of sport. I conclude with a discussion regarding how sport sociologists and scholars in related fields might look to form new associations as they continue to produce politically-meaningful scholarship and seek social justice and social equality there through.
Neutrophil extracellular traps drive inflammatory pathogenesis in malaria
Authors: Knackstedt Sebastian Lorenz , Georgiadou Athina , Apel Falko , Abu-Abed Ulrike , Moxon Christopher A. , Cunnington Aubrey J. , Raupach Bärbel , Cunningham Deirdre , Langhorne Jean , Krüger Renate , Barrera Valentina , Harding Simon P. , Berg Aase , Patel Sam , Otterdal Kari , Mordmüller Benjamin , Schwarzer Evelin , Brinkmann Volker , Zychlinsky Arturo , Amulic Borko
Published: October 2019

NETs contribute to malaria by promoting emergency granulopoiesis and endothelial binding of parasitized erythrocytes.
What a Difference a Gene Makes: Identification of Virulence Factors of Cowpox Virus
Authors: Tamošiūnaitė Aistė , Weber Saskia , Schippers Timo , Franke Annika , Xu Zhiyong , Jenckel Maria , Pfaff Florian , Hoffmann Donata , Newell Maegan , Tischer B. Karsten , Beer Martin , Osterrieder Nikolaus
Published: October 2019

With the cessation of vaccination against smallpox and its assumed cross-protectivity against other OPV infections, waning immunity could open up new niches for related poxviruses. Therefore, the identification of virulence mechanisms in CPXV is of general interest. Here, we aimed to identify virulence markers in an experimental rodent CPXV infection model using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based virus recombineering. We focused our work on the recent zoonotic CPXV isolate RatPox09, which is highly pathogenic in Wistar rats, unlike the avirulent BR reference strain. In several animal studies, we were able to identify a novel set of CPXV virulence genes. Two of the identified virulence genes, encoding a putative BTB/POZ protein (CPXVD7L) and a B22R-family protein (CPXV7tGP), respectively, have not yet been described to be involved in CPXV virulence. Our results also show that single genes can significantly affect virulence, thus facilitating adaptation to other hosts.
Cross-Reactive CD8 T-Cell Responses Elicited by Adenovirus Type 5-Based HIV-1 Vaccines Contributed to Early Viral Evolution in Vaccine Recipients Who Became Infected
Authors: Boppana Sushma , Fiore-Gartland Andrew , Bansal Anju , Goepfert Paul
Published: October 2019

HIV-1 has exceptionally high sequence diversity, much of which is found within CD8 epitopes. Therefore, the ability of CD8 T cells to recognize multiple versions of a single epitope could be important for an effective vaccine. Here, we show that two previously tested vaccines induced a similar level of CD8 cross-reactivity to that seen in acute HIV-1 infection. Although this cross-reactivity did not seem to affect viral control in vaccine recipients who became infected, we identified several ways in which CD8 cross-reactivity appeared to influence HIV-1 viral evolution. First, we saw that strains isolated from infected vaccine recipients would likely be poorly cross-recognized by the vaccine-induced response. Second, we saw that adapted CD8 epitopes were poorly cross-recognized in both vaccination and infection. Collectively, we believe these results show that CD8 cross-reactivity could be an important consideration in future HIV-1 vaccine design.
Who is telling the story? A systematic review of authorship for infectious disease research conducted in Africa, 1980–2016
Authors: Mbaye Rose , Gebeyehu Redeat , Hossmann Stefanie , Mbarga Nicole , Bih-Neh Estella , Eteki Lucrece , Thelma Ohene-Agyei , Oyerinde Abiodun , Kiti Gift , Mburu Yvonne , Haberer Jessica , Siedner Mark , Okeke Iruka , Boum Yap
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Africa contributes little to the biomedical literature despite its high burden of infectious diseases. Global health research partnerships aimed at addressing Africa-endemic disease may be polarised. Therefore, we assessed the contribution of researchers in Africa to research on six infectious diseases.

Methods

We reviewed publications on HIV and malaria (2013–2016), tuberculosis (2014–2016), salmonellosis, Ebola haemorrhagic fever and Buruli ulcer disease (1980–2016) conducted in Africa and indexed in the PubMed database using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Papers reporting original research done in Africa with at least one laboratory test performed on biological samples were included. We studied African author proportion and placement per study type, disease, funding, study country and lingua franca.

Results

We included 1182 of 2871 retrieved articles that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 1109 (93.2%) had at least one Africa-based author, 552 (49.8%) had an African first author and 41.3% (n=458) an African last author. Papers on salmonellosis and tuberculosis had a higher proportion of African last authors (p<0.001) compared with the other diseases. Most of African first and last authors had an affiliation from an Anglophone country. HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and Ebola had the most extramurally funded studies (≥70%), but less than 10% of the acknowledged funding was from an African funder.

Conclusion

African researchers are under-represented in first and last authorship positions in papers published from research done in Africa. This calls for greater investment in capacity building and equitable research partnerships at every level of the global health community.
What is the evidence for efficacy, effectiveness and safety of surgical interventions for plantar fasciopathy? Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: MacRae C Siân , Roche Andrew J , Sinnett Tim J , O'Connell Neil E
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Plantar fasciopathy (PF) is a degenerative condition of the plantar fascia, secondary to repetitive overloading. For the majority, PF is self-limiting with greater than 80% of those affected gaining complete resolution within 1 year. However, persistent symptoms develop in approximately 10% of cases. Clinical practice guidelines for first-line treatment of PF recommend conservative management. For people with persistent symptoms that have not resolved following a trial of 6–12 months of conservative management, surgery may be offered. However, to date there are no systematic reviews of the effectiveness of the various surgical procedures for PF. We aim to systematically review quantitative studies assessing the effectiveness of surgical interventions in the management of PF.

Methods and analysis

We will search for all published and unpublished randomised clinical trials evaluating surgical interventions in the management of PF. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar will be searched without restrictions on date or language of publication. Inclusion criteria will include people over 18 years, diagnosed by clinical examination with PF, or with an alternative diagnostic label (eg, plantar fasciitis, plantar heel pain, plantar fasciosis). The primary outcomes are changes in pain severity/intensity for first-step pain, and incidence and nature of adverse events. Secondary outcomes include foot and ankle-related disability/function, health-related quality of life, cost-effectiveness, changes in other reported measures of pain (eg, overall pain) and medication use. Outcomes will be assessed (1) short term (≤3 months after intervention), (2) medium term (>3 months to ≤6 months after intervention) or (3) long term (>6 months to ≤2 years after treatment). All data extraction will be performed by at least two independent reviewers on the basis of a priori developed extraction form. Where adequate data are found meta-analysis will be used to combine the results of studies for all core comparisons and outcomes using random effects models. Overall certainty of the evidence for each outcome will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Ethics and dissemination

This systematic review does not require ethical approval as primary data will not be collected. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at appropriate conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019133563.
The MOSEXY trial: mobile phone intervention for sexual health in youth—a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of a smartphone application on sexual health in youth in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Nielsen Anna Maria , De Costa Ayesha , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Marrone Gaetano , Boman Jens , Salazar Mariano , Diwan Vinod
Published: October 2019

An estimated 350 million cases of STIs occur globally each year. In Sweden,
Chlamydia
is the most common STI with approximately 30 000 cases annually, disproportionally affecting youth. National surveys report low condom use among youth. Smartphone coverage is high among this tech-savvy group. In collaboration with youth, we developed an interactive smartphone application comprising games, peer experiences and information snippets to promote condom use.

Objectives

To evaluate in a randomised controlled trial, the effectiveness of this smartphone application to improve condom use among youth in Stockholm, Sweden.

Methods

This two-arm, individually randomised controlled trial was implemented through the Youth Health Clinics (YHC) in Stockholm, Sweden. Youth aged 18–23 years, who owned a smartphone and had ≥2 sexual partners during the past 6 months were eligible. The intervention delivered the interactive elements described above over 180 days. The control group received a ‘dummy’ application. Both groups received standard of care at the YHC. The primary outcome was proportion of consistent (100%) self-reported condom use at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included self-reported number of partners, occurrence of STIs/pregnancy and STI tests during the study period. An intention-to-treat approach was used.

Results

214 and 219 youth were randomised to the intervention and control groups, respectively. Consistent condom use was reported for 32/214 (15.0%) in the intervention group and for 35/219 (16.0%) in the control group (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.6). No significant differences in secondary outcomes were seen.

Conclusion

We were unable to detect an effect of the intervention. Future research should focus on targeting different subgroups within the overall risk group, with tailored mHealth interventions. The potential for such interventions in settings where sexual health services are unavailable should be evaluated.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN13212899
.
Photoionization microscopy of the Rydberg Rb atom under a continuous infrared radiation laser field
Authors: Wang De-Hua , Sun Xin-Yue , Shi Tong
Published: October 2019

The photoionization microscopy of the Rydberg Rb atom exposed to a continuous infrared radiation laser field is investigated based on the semiclassical open orbit theory. In contrast to the photoionization of the Rydberg hydrogen atom, the ionic core-scattering effect plays an important role in the photoionization of the Rb atom. Due to the core-scattering effect and the laser field, the electron trajectories become chaotic. A huge number of ionization trajectories from the ionic source to the detector plane appear, which makes the oscillatory pattern in the electron probability distribution become much more complicated. The ρ–θ curve on the detector plane exhibits a self-similar fractal structure for the ionization trajectories of the Rydberg Rb atom in the laser field. Due to constructive and destructive quantum interference of different electron trajectories, a series of concentric rings appear in the photoionization microscopy interference patterns on the detector plane. The electron probability density distributions on the detector are found to be changed sensitively with the scaled electron energy and the laser wavelength. Even as the detector plane is located at a macroscopic distance from the photoionization source, the photoionization microscopy interference patterns can be observed clearly. These calculations may provide a valuable contribution to the actual experimental study of the photoionization microscopy of non-hydrogenic Rydberg atom in the laser field.
Compositions of states and observables in Fock spaces
Authors: Amour L. , Jager L. , Nourrigat J.
Published: October 2019

This article is concerned with compositions in the context of three standard quantizations in the framework of Fock spaces, namely, anti-Wick, Wick and Weyl quantizations. The first one is a composition of states also known as a Wick product and is closely related to the standard scattering identification operator encountered in Quantum Electrodynamics for issues on time dynamics (see [ 29 , 13 ]). Anti-Wick quantization and Segal–Bargmann transforms are implied here for that purpose. The other compositions are for observables (operators in some specific classes) for the Wick and Weyl symbols. For the Wick and Weyl symbols of the composition of two operators, we obtain an absolutely converging series and for the Weyl symbol, the remainder terms up to any orders of the expansion are controlled, still in the Fock space framework.
Optical soliton solutions for the nonlinear Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation
Authors: Ghanbari Behzad , Gómez-Aguilar J. F.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the generalized exponential rational function method is applied to obtain analytical solutions for the nonlinear Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation. We obtain novel soliton, traveling waves and kink-type solutions with complex structures. We also present the two- and three-dimensional shapes for the real and imaginary part of the solutions obtained. It is illustrated that generalized exponential rational function method (GERFM) is simple and efficient method to reach the various type of the soliton solutions.
An Advanced User Intent Model Based On User Learning Process
Authors: Zhang Bo , Qi Xiaoxuan , Han Xiaowei
Published: October 2019

User intent analysis is a continuous research hotspot in the field of query expansion. However, the big amount of irrelevant feedbacks in search log has negatively impacted the precision of user intent model. By observing the log, it can be found that tentative click is a major source of irrelevant feedback. It is also observed that a kind of new feedback information can be extracted from the log to recognize the characteristics of tentative clicks. With this new feedback information, this paper proposes an advanced user intent model and applies it into query expansion. Experiment results show that the model can effectively decrease the negative impact of irrelevant feedbacks that belong to tentative clicks and increase the precision of query expansion, especially for those informational queries.
The compressible Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard equations with dynamic boundary conditions
Authors: Cherfils Laurence , Feireisl Eduard , Michálek Martin , Miranville Alain , Petcu Madalina , Pražák Dalibor
Published: October 2019

We consider the compressible Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard system describing the behavior of a binary mixture of compressible, viscous and macroscopically immiscible fluids. The equations are endowed with dynamic boundary conditions which allows taking into account the interaction between the fluid components and the rigid walls of the physical domain. We establish the existence of global-in-time weak solutions for any finite energy initial data.
A Global Game Model of Medical Project Crowdfunding
Authors: Besancenot Damien , Vranceanu Radu
Published: October 2019

This paper analyzes the strategic interaction between a crowdfunding platform specialized in medical projects and a set of potential investors. The problem is cast as a two-stage game. In the first stage, the platform chooses its participation fee and selects a project. In the second stage, investors decide whether to back the project or not. We consider a crowdfunding platform which runs all-or-nothing programs and transfers funds to the entrepreneur only if an investment target is reached. Moreover, we assume that some agents present a systematic positive bias driven by positive emotions about projects with high social impact, which is a major characteristic of medical projects. We frame the second-stage investor problem as a typical global game and solve it for the threshold equilibrium. The analysis reveals that crowdfunding finance might back financially inefficient projects, a result amplified by the existence of enthusiastic investors. We further show that the optimal fee charged by the platform is related to the frequency of overoptimistic agents, a result that might explain why platforms tend to over-emphasize the social role of their projects.
Spectra of adjacency and Laplacian matrices of inhomogeneous Erdős–Rényi random graphs
Authors: Chakrabarty Arijit , Hazra Rajat Subhra , den Hollander Frank , Sfragara Matteo
Published: October 2019

This paper considers inhomogeneous Erdős–Rényi random graphs [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] vertices in the non-sparse non-dense regime. The edge between the pair of vertices [Formula: see text] is retained with probability [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], independently of other edges, where [Formula: see text] is a continuous function such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. We study the empirical distribution of both the adjacency matrix [Formula: see text] and the Laplacian matrix [Formula: see text] associated with [Formula: see text], in the limit as [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that the empirical spectral distributions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], after appropriate scaling and centering, converge to deterministic limits weakly in probability. For the special case where [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] a continuous function, we give an explicit characterization of the limiting distributions. Furthermore, we apply our results to constrained random graphs, Chung–Lu random graphs and social networks.
Geographic Diversification of Recommended POIs in Frequently Visited Areas
Authors: Han Jungkyu , Yamana Hayato
Published: October 2019

In the personalized Point-Of-Interest (POI) (or venue) recommendation, the diversity of recommended POIs is an important aspect. Diversity is especially important when POIs are recommended in the target users’ frequently visited areas, because users are likely to revisit such areas. In addition to the (POI) category diversity that is a popular diversification objective in recommendation domains, diversification of recommended POI locations is an interesting subject itself. Despite its importance, existing POI recommender studies generally focus on and evaluate prediction accuracy. In this article, geographical diversification (
geo-diversification
), a novel diversification concept that aims to increase recommendation coverage for a target users’ geographic areas of interest, is introduced, from which a method that improves geo-diversity as an addition to existing state-of-the-art POI recommenders is proposed. In experiments with the datasets from two real Location Based Social Networks (LSBNs), we first analyze the performance of four state-of-the-art POI recommenders from various evaluation perspectives including category diversity and geo-diversity that have not been examined previously. The proposed method consistently improves geo-diversity (CPR(geo)@20) by 5 to 12% when combined with four state-of-the-art POI recommenders with negligible prediction accuracy (Recall@20) loss and provides 6 to 18% geo-diversity improvement with tolerable prediction accuracy loss  (up to 2.4%).
Origin and Evolution of the Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Vertebrates, With Special Focus on Genome and Gene Duplications
Authors: Dufour Sylvie , Quérat Bruno , Tostivint Hervé , Pasqualini Catherine , Vaudry Hubert , Rousseau Karine
Published: October 2019

In humans, as in the other mammals, the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is ensured by the brain-pituitary gonadotropic axis. Multiple internal and environmental cues are integrated via brain neuronal networks, ultimately leading to the modulation of the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The decapeptide GnRH is released into the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal blood system and stimulates the production of pituitary glycoprotein hormones, the two gonadotropins luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. A novel actor, the neuropeptide kisspeptin, acting upstream of GnRH, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Other neuropeptides, such as gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone/RF-amide related peptide, and other members of the RF-amide peptide superfamily, as well as various nonpeptidic neuromediators such as dopamine and serotonin also provide a large panel of stimulatory or inhibitory regulators. This paper addresses the origin and evolution of the vertebrate gonadotropic axis. Brain-pituitary neuroendocrine axes are typical of vertebrates, the pituitary gland, mediator and amplifier of brain control on peripheral organs, being a vertebrate innovation. The paper reviews, from molecular and functional perspectives, the evolution across vertebrate radiation of some key actors of the vertebrate neuroendocrine control of reproduction and traces back their origin along the vertebrate lineage and in other metazoa before the emergence of vertebrates. A focus is given on how gene duplications, resulting from either local events or from whole genome duplication events, and followed by paralogous gene loss or conservation, might have shaped the evolutionary scenarios of current families of key actors of the gonadotropic axis.
Rationale and Strategies for Preserving Residual Kidney Function in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Li Tian , Wilcox Christopher S. , Lipkowitz Michael S. , Gordon-Cappitelli Judit , Dragoi Serban
Published: October 2019

Background: Residual kidney function (RKF) conveys a survival benefit among dialysis patients, but the mechanism remains unclear. Improved volume control, clearance of protein-bound and middle molecules, reduced inflammation and preserved erythropoietin and vitamin D production are among the proposed mechanisms. Preservation of RKF requires techniques to measure it accurately to be able to uncover factors that accelerate its loss and interventions that preserve it and ultimately to individualize therapy. The average of renal creatinine and urea clearance provides a superior estimate of RKF in dialysis patients, when compared with daily urine volume. However, both involve the difficult task of obtaining an accurate 24-h urine sample. Summary: In this article, we first review the definition and measurement of RKF, including newly proposed markers such as serum levels of beta2-microglobulin, cystatin C and beta-trace protein. We then discuss the predictors of RKF loss in new dialysis patients. We review several strategies to preserve RKF such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, incremental dialysis, use of biocompatible membranes and ultrapure dialysate in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and use of biocompatible solutions in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Despite their generally adverse effects on renal function, aminoglycoside antibiotics have not been shown to have adverse effects on RKF in well-hydrated patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Presently, the roles of better blood pressure control, diuretic usage, diet, and dialysis modality on RKF remain to be clearly established. Key Messages: RKF is an important and favorable prognostic indicator of reduced morbidity, mortality, and higher quality of life in both PD an HD patients. Further investigation is warranted to uncover factors that protect or impair RKF. This should lead to improved quality of life and prolonged lifespan in patients with ESRD and cost-reduction through patient centeredness, individualized therapy, and precision medicine approaches.
Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming by CD36 Signaling Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Chen Yiliang , Yang Moua , Huang Wenxin , Chen Wenjing , Zhao Yiqiong , Schulte Marie L. , Volberding Peter , Gerbec Zachary , Zimmermann Michael T. , Zeighami Atefeh , Demos Wendy , Zhang Jue , Knaack Darcy A. , Smith Brian C. , Cui Weiguo , Malarkannan Subramaniam , Sodhi Komal , Shapiro Joseph I. , Xie Zijian , Sahoo Daisy , Silverstein Roy L.
Published: October 2019

Rationale:

A hallmark of chronic inflammatory disorders is persistence of proinflammatory macrophages in diseased tissues. In atherosclerosis, this is associated with dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, but mechanisms linking these phenomena to macrophage activation remain incompletely understood.

Objective:

To investigate mechanisms linking dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and macrophage activation through modulation of immunometabolism and to explore therapeutic potential targeting specific metabolic pathways.

Methods and Results:

Using a combination of biochemical, immunologic, and ex vivo cell metabolic studies, we report that CD36 mediates a mitochondrial metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to superoxide production in response to its ligand, oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein). Mitochondrial-specific inhibition of superoxide inhibited oxidized LDL-induced NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) activation and inflammatory cytokine generation. RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, 3H-labeled palmitic acid uptake, lipidomic analysis, confocal and electron microscopy imaging, and functional energetics revealed that oxidized LDL upregulated effectors of long-chain fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial import, while downregulating fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting ATP5A (ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha)—an electron transport chain component. The combined effect is long-chain fatty acid accumulation, alteration of mitochondrial structure and function, repurposing of the electron transport chain to superoxide production, and NF-κB activation.
Apoe
null mice challenged with high-fat diet showed similar metabolic changes in circulating Ly6C
+
monocytes and peritoneal macrophages, along with increased CD36 expression. Moreover, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were positively correlated with CD36 expression in aortic lesional macrophages.

Conclusions:

These findings reveal that oxidized LDL/CD36 signaling in macrophages links dysregulated fatty acid metabolism to oxidative stress from the mitochondria, which drives chronic inflammation. Thus, targeting to CD36 and its downstream effectors may serve as potential new strategies against chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Association of Hospital Racial Composition and Payer Mix With Mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Srivastava Pratyaksh K. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Bahiru Ehete , Ziaeian Boback
Published: October 2019

Background

Patient characteristics insufficiently explain disparities in cardiovascular outcomes among hospitalized patients, suggesting a role for community or hospital‐level factors. Here, we evaluate the association of hospital racial composition and payer mix with all‐cause inpatient mortality for patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods and Results

Using the National Inpatient Sample, we identified adult hospitalizations from 2014 with a primary diagnosis of ACS (n=550 005). We divided National Inpatient Sample hospitals into quartiles based on percent of minority (black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, Native American race/ethnicity) and low‐income payer (Medicaid or uninsured) discharges in 2014. We utilized logistic regression to determine whether hospital minority or low‐income payer makeup associated with all‐cause inpatient mortality among those admitted for ACS . In adjusted models, ACS patients admitted to hospitals with >12.4% to 25.4% (Quartile 2), >25.4% to 44.3% (Q3), and >44.3% (Q4) minority discharges experienced a 14% (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23), 13% (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.23), and 15% (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04–1.26) increased odds of all‐cause inpatient mortality compared with hospitals with ≤12.4% (Q1) minority discharges. ACS patients admitted to hospitals with >18.7% to 25.7% (Q2) and >34.0% (Q4) low‐income payer discharges experienced a 9% (OR 1.09, 1.01–1.17) and 9% (OR 1.09, 1.00–1.19) increased odds of all‐cause inpatient mortality when compared with hospitals with ≤18.7% (Q1) low‐income payer discharges.

Conclusions

Hospital minority and low‐income payer makeup positively associate with odds of all‐cause inpatient mortality among patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome.
Methodological and Clinical Heterogeneity and Extraction Errors in Meta‐Analyses of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure
Authors: Packer Milton
Published: October 2019

Background

Meta‐analyses are expected to follow a standardized process, and thus, they have become highly formulaic, although there is little evidence that such regimentation yields high‐quality results.

Methods and Results

This article describes the results of a critical examination of 14 published meta‐analyses of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in heart failure that were based on a nearly identical core set of 4 to 6 primary trials. Methodological issues included (1) the neglect of primary data or the failure to report any primary data; (2) the inaccurate recording of the number of randomized patients; (3) the lack of attention to data missingness or baseline imbalances; (4) the failure to contact investigators of primary trials for additional data; (5) the incorrect extraction of data, the misidentification of events, and the assignment of events to the wrong treatment groups; (6) the calculation of summary estimates based on demonstrably heterogenous data, methods of differing reliability, or unrelated end points; and (7) the development of conclusions based on sparse numbers of events or overly reliant on the results of 1 dominant trial.

Conclusions

These findings reinforce existing concerns about the methodological validity of meta‐analyses and their current status in the hierarchy of medical evidence, and they raise new questions about the process by which meta‐analyses undergo peer review by medical journals.
Operation “Denver”: The East German Ministry of State Security and the KGB's AIDS Disinformation Campaign, 1985–1986 (Part 1)
Authors: Selvage Douglas
Published: October 2019

There has been much debate in recent years about the role of the East German Ministry for State Security (Stasi) in the disinformation campaign launched in the early 1980s by the Soviet State Security Committee (KGB) regarding the origin and nature of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The KGB's operation, codenamed “Denver” by the Stasi (not “Infektion,” as many online sources now erroneously assert), claimed that AIDS was deliberately devised by U.S. biological warfare specialists for the U.S. government to spread in minority communities in the United States. Based on the available evidence, the Stasi's role in the AIDS disinformation campaign was limited in 1985–1986 to (1) keeping watch over Soviet-East German scientist Jakob Segal, who propagated a variant of the KGB's thesis; (2) helping to arrange for the publication and distribution of a brochure with Segal's thesis at the Non-Aligned Movement summit in Harare in 1986; and (3) facilitating Segal's interviews with certain journalists. Just as important for the ongoing formulation and spread of the KGB's AIDS disinformation was a cycle of misinformation and disinformation that arose between U.S.-based conspiracy theorists—especially Lyndon LaRouche and his followers—and authors and publications espousing Moscow's preferred theses regarding AIDS.
Inspiration, Subversion, and Appropriation: The Effects of Radio Free Europe Music Broadcasting
Authors: Pospíšil Filip
Published: October 2019

During the Cold War, young people in Eastern Europe were often seen as mere recipients and reproducers of Western popular culture. This article examines the role of musical programming in broadcasts by Radio Free Europe (RFE) to Czechoslovakia, focusing on the content, impact, and audience reactions. The article shows that the audience took an active part in the cultural exchange and helped shape the programming on RFE and other Western radio stations. Drawing on RFE's own records as well as archival collections in Prague, including former State Security files, plus memoirs and recollections of former RFE employees and their listeners, the article highlights RFE's impact over time in Soviet-bloc societies, as well as the shifts in thinking, cultural preferences, and behaviors of different strata or groups within these societies.
The Transmission History of 2 Kings 21:13b
Authors: Brown-deVost Bronson
Published: October 2019

In an odd turn of phrase, the Masoretic tradition of 2 Kings 21:13b likens Jerusalem’s destruction to the wiping of a bowl or dish. This reading has almost universally been accepted in modern scholarship, with virtually no attention given to the significant variants in the other biblical versions. An analysis of these variants suggests a complex transmission history of this passage that has been profoundly shaped by a rich culture of interpretation within a dynamic sociolinguistic context.
Von Edelsteinen und ihren »Fund«Orten—Ein Beitrag zum Weltbild des Alten Orients
Authors: Körting Corinna
Published: October 2019

Ancient Near Eastern Sources offer various kinds of descriptions of gemstones and their use, either for healing or for sanctification rituals. Several myths explain their place in the Ancient Near Eastern cosmology. One of these myths is the Gilgamesh Epic, which tells about a garden of gemstones lying behind the way of the sun—out of reach for humankind. The placement of the garden, e.g. the gemstones in Gilgamesh, also demands further investigation of the placement of gemstones in the Old Testament. The article offers a thorough reading of Gilg. IX 170-196; Gen 2:10-14; Ezek 28:11-19; Is 54:11-17a and, briefly, Job 28. The author shows that gemstones are not just to be regarded colorful and precious. They are deeply connected with a realm outside human reach and with primeval times. They function as a marker in this respect when placed at the robe of the king of Tyre. And they transform Zion according to Is 54 at the other end, to an eschatological future.
A Biblical Metaphor for חסד
Authors: Novick Tzvi
Published: October 2019

This paper identifies a link between two biblical syntagms involving חסד and a rabbinic syntagm involving חסד. The additional information in the rabbinic syntagm allows us to appreciate that the biblical syntagms figure חסד as a measuring line.
Procuring Virgins, Performing Peace: Reconciliation through the Exchange of Women in Judges 21
Authors: Case Megan L.
Published: October 2019

Rather than the commonly understood chaotic ending to Judges which illustrates the need for a king, the exchange of women in Judg 21 mediates the conflict between the Israelite tribes, creating a peaceful resolution to their civil war through the reestablishment of kinship loyalties. By applying anthropological concepts of gift exchange and alternative marriage practices to the final story of Judges (chs. 19-21), especially to the resolution of that story in ch. 21, we can see the rapprochement achieved through the gift of virgin brides which strengthens relations between the tribes. In light of this assessment, the monarchic refrain (Judg 17:6; 18:1; 19:1; and 21:25) was likely added during the latest stages of development to frame the final two stories to emphasize the need for a strong central government—kingship. Only with this refrain does the reconciliation of the warring tribes realized through the traffic of women appear insufficient.
Within-population morphological differences in the New World silverside Odontesthes argentinensis inhabiting two coastal lagoons of Uruguay (southwestern Atlantic)
Authors: Vettorazzi Renzo , Nuñez Diego , Norbis Walter
Published: October 2019

Silversides are renowned for their phenotypic plasticity with different populations coexisting as incipient species. The New World silverside Odontesthes argentinensis is an estuarine-resident fish with known populations inhabiting the Rio de la Plata estuary as well as coastal lagoons of Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, where it constitutes an important resource for artisanal fisheries. Using classical morphometric analysis, we study six morphological variables to determine if there are differences between the New World silversides collected from two Uruguayan Atlantic coastal lagoons (Garzon and Rocha Lagoons), which communicate periodically with the ocean. In collaboration with artisanal fishermen, silversides were measured in fresh condition. After removing the size and allometric effect on the variables, Canonical Discriminant Analysis (DA) was applied to compare the morphometry of individuals collected in the two lagoons. Results supported the existence of two groups with values greater than 80% of accurate classification. The morphometric variables that contributed the most to this result were eye diameter, breadth of mouth, length from mouth tip to anal fin and length of pectoral fin. The first two morphometric variables are related to sensory perception and feeding, which could be indicators of an ecological segregation, conditioned by the characteristics of the environment, considering that the two coastal lagoons differ in their abiotic characteristics, most importantly in their hydrodynamic conditions. This work represents the first study of differences between two estuarine coastal lagoon populations of O. argentinensis.