bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards cyber-biosecurity by design: an experimental approach to Internet-of-Medical-Things design and development
Authors: Elgabry Mariam
Published: February 2023

The introduction of the internet and the proliferation of internet-connected devices (IoT) enabled knowledge sharing, connectivity and global communications. At the same time, these technologies generated a crime harvest as security was overlooked. The Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoMT) generates biological information and is transforming healthcare through the introduction of internet-connected medical-grade devices that are integrated with wider-scale health networks to improve patients’ health. Many innovative ideas arise from academia; however, there is a lack of support in medical device regulation. The implementation of the current regulatory framework is limited to security risk assessment and guidance. Unfortunately, premarket risk-management requirements of current regulation do not include crime risks and a more predictive approach could help fill this gap. Crime science, or the perspective of crime as an event that can be influenced directly by its immediate environment, may encourage the biotechnology industry to design-in security and crime out. In this article, I provide a point of view of an early career researcher and medical device developer navigating the medical device regulatory pathway for the first time. I narrow the focus of this article to an assessment that is specific to current UK provisions and acknowledge the limited scope. In response to the ongoing changes in the current regulatory framework of the UK, I propose a new secure by design mechanism that can be employed by early career developers earlier in the development process of a product. Such a model can be used to systematically consider security design in devices and to understand and address potential crime risks ahead of their widespread use.
Experimental research on the performance of a Novel Geo-filament anchor for an Earthen architectural site
Authors: Yulan Wang , Jian Guo , Weixi Zhang , Fan Lei
Published: February 2023

At present, most studies of anchorage techniques for earthen architecture ruins are conducted so as to improve the anchor force, however, the damage caused to the ruins by anchor reinforcement has not been fully considered in practice and no special anchor technique has been applied to reinforce the small sliding mass. This paper summarizes the application and R&D of anchor rod techniques as applied to the protection of the Gaochang Ruins, Turpan, in China. Based on the reinforcement of the small sliding mass of the earthen historical ramparts, a new type of Geotechnical Filament Anchor (GFA) is designed. By changing six parameters, including anchorage length (L), GF thickness (H), bore diameter (D), slurry strength (S), GFA surface state (R) and inclination Angle (A), the tensile strength, failure mode, load displacement (P-S) relationship and strain (ζ-L) distribution characteristics are studied, and corresponding analysis is performed on the test data and phenomena. (1) A formula for the design value of the anchorage force N is presented. (2) Combining the data on the strain distribution at the GF-slurry interface under the action of N, the shear stress distribution model of the anchorage system is obtained. (3) Taking into account the soil mechanical properties of the above-mentioned ruins, the shear stress diffusion coefficient (α) is conceptualized, the formula for the shear strength of the grouting material is obtained, and the allowable ranges of L, D, H, R, and S determined. A new design is proposed for the application of anchorage techniques to earthen ruins in the context of protection of cultural relics, which promotes the design and calculation method described in this paper.
The evaluation of a brief ICBT program with therapist support for individuals with gambling problems in the context of a gambling helpline: a randomized pilot trial
Authors: Wall Håkan , Magnusson Kristoffer , Hellner Clara , Andersson Gerhard , Jayaram-Lindström Nitya , Rosendahl Ingvar
Published: February 2023

Background and aims

Gambling helplines are a natural way of first contact for individuals with gambling problems. However, few studies have evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of brief interventions in a gambling helpline. To reduce this knowledge gap, this study evaluated the feasibility of an online cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) program in the context of a gambling helpline as a first step towards a full-scale RCT.

Design

This is a two-group parallel randomized controlled pilot trial where the participants were randomized to either a brief four-module ICBT program (n = 22) or a control group (n = 21). Participants were followed up weekly during the intervention, post intervention, and 6 weeks upon completion of intervention.

Participants

A total of 43 self-identified individuals with gambling problems (scoring 3 or more on the Problem Gambling Severity Index) were recruited via the Swedish national gambling helpline, 59% females, mean age 43.7 years.

Measurements

Feasibility of the procedure and intervention (i.e., recruitment pace, attrition, program engagement, and satisfaction) were the primary outcomes; treatment effect (net gambling losses) was the secondary outcome.

Results

Approximately 2 participants per week were randomized, and retention was low, with 47% lost to follow-up at the 6-week follow-up time-point. Most participants engaged in the online modules (86%) and rated their overall satisfaction with the program as high (7.5 out of 10). Both groups decreased their weekly gambling losses at both follow-up time-points, but the between-group comparisons were inconclusive.

Conclusion

It is not advisable to conduct a full-scale RCT based on the results from this pilot study. Future studies in a gambling helpline should consider interventions that are more suited to be incorporated in a gambling helpline and identify ways to increase participant engagement.

Trial registration

The study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04609007, 29/10/2020).
Patient priority setting in HIV ageing research: exploring the feasibility of community engagement and involvement in Tanzania
Authors: Clarke Ellisiv , Anderson-Saria Grace , Kisoli Aloyce , Urasa Sarah , Moloney Susan , Safic Ssenku , Rogathi Jane , Walker Richard , Robinson Louise , Paddick Stella-Maria
Published: February 2023

Objective

The chronic complications of ageing with HIV are not well studied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where general healthcare resources are limited. We aimed to collaborate with individuals living with HIV aged ≥ 50 years, and community elders (aged ≥ 60 years) living with non-communicable diseases in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania in a health research priority-setting exercise.

Methods

We conducted structured workshops based on broad questions to aid discussion and group-based patient priority setting, alongside discussion of the feasibility of future community research engagement. Participant priorities were tallied and ranked to arrive at core priorities from consensus discussion.

Results

Thirty older people living with HIV and 30 community elders attended separate priority setting workshops. Both groups reported motivation to participate in, conduct, and oversee future studies. In this resource-limited setting, basic needs such as healthcare access were prioritised much higher than specific HIV-complications or chronic disease. Stigma and social isolation were highly prioritised in those living with HIV.

Conclusions

Community engagement and involvement in HIV and ageing research appears feasible in Tanzania. Ageing and non-communicable disease research should consider the wider context, and lack of basic needs in low-income settings. A greater impact may be achieved with community involvement.
Learning effectiveness of a flexible learning study programme in a blended learning design: why are some courses more effective than others?
Authors: Müller Claude , Mildenberger Thoralf , Steingruber Daniel
Published: February 2023

Flexible learning addresses students’ needs for more flexibility and autonomy in shaping their learning process, and is often realised through online technologies in a blended learning design. While higher education institutions are increasingly considering replacing classroom time and offering more blended learning, current research is limited regarding its effectiveness and modifying design factors. This study analysed a flexible study programme with 133 courses in a blended learning design in different disciplines over more than 4 years with a mixed-methods approach. In the analysed flexible study programme, classroom instruction time was reduced by 51% and replaced with an online learning environment in a blended learning format (N students = 278). Student achievement was compared to the conventional study format (N students = 1068). The estimated summary effect size for the 133 blended learning courses analysed was close to, but not significantly different from, zero (d = − 0.0562, p = 0.3684). Although overall effectiveness was equivalent to the conventional study format, considerable variance in the effect sizes between the courses was observed. Based on the relative effect sizes of the courses and data from detailed analyses and surveys, heterogeneity can be explained by differences in the implementation quality of the educational design factors. Our results indicate that when implementing flexible study programmes in a blended learning design, particular attention should be paid to the following educational design principles: adequate course structure and guidance for students, activating learning tasks, stimulating interaction and social presence of teachers, and timely feedback on learning process and outcomes.
Telomere-to-telomere and haplotype-resolved genome of the kiwifruit Actinidia eriantha
Authors: Wang Yingzhen , Dong Minhui , Wu Ying , Zhang Feng , Ren Wangmei , Lin Yunzhi , Chen Qinyao , Zhang Sijia , Yue Junyang , Liu Yongsheng
Published: February 2023

Actinidia eriantha is a characteristic fruit tree featuring with great potential for its abundant vitamin C and strong disease resistance. It has been used in a wide range of breeding programs and functional genomics studies. Previously published genome assemblies of A. eriantha are quite fragmented and not highly contiguous. Using multiple sequencing strategies, we get the haplotype-resolved and gap-free genomes of an elite breeding line “Midao 31” (MD), termed MDHAPA and MDHAPB. The new assemblies anchored to 29 pseudochromosome pairs with a length of 619.3 Mb and 611.7 Mb, as well as resolved 27 and 28 gap-close chromosomes in a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) manner. Based on the haplotype-resolved genome, we found that most alleles experienced purifying selection and coordinately expressed. Owing to the high continuity of assemblies, we defined the centromeric regions of A. eriantha, and identified the major repeating monomer, which is designated as Ae-CEN153. This resource lays a solid foundation for further functional genomics study and horticultural traits improvement in kiwifruit.

Graphical Abstract
Racial/Ethnic Disparity in the Relationship of Mental and Physical Health With Colorectal Cancer Screening Utilization Among Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors
Authors: Tsai Meng-Han , Bevel Malcolm S. , Andrzejak Sydney E.
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:

We examined colorectal cancer (CRC) screening utilization among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), non-Hispanic other (NHO)/Hispanic cancer survivors. We also determined whether experiencing poor physical and/or mental health affects CRC screening utilization in breast and prostate cancers across different racial/ethnic groups.

METHODS:

Data from years 2016, 2018, and 2020 of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on 3,023 eligible treatment-utilizing cancer survivors with complete treatment were used. We performed descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression to examine the mentioned association.

RESULTS:

Among 3,023 eligible survivors, 67.7% of NHO/Hispanic survivors demonstrated lower CRC screening use compared with non-Hispanic White (82%) and NHB (89%) survivors ( P < .001). In multivariable analysis, having frequent (14-30 days) poor mental health was associated with lower odds of receiving CRC screening among NHB (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.95) and NHO/Hispanic (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.81) survivors. Similar results in physical health were also found in NHB (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.91) and NHO/Hispanic (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.91) groups. Among those experienced both frequent poor mental and physical health, NHB/NHO/Hispanic were less likely to be screened for CRC (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.10).

CONCLUSION:

NHO/Hispanic survivors demonstrated lower CRC screening use. Frequent poor mental and/or physical health was strongly associated with lower CRC screening use among NHB and NHO/Hispanic survivors. Our study suggests that cancer survivorship care considering mental and physical health status may improve adherence to CRC screening recommendation (for secondary cancer prevention) for NHB, NHO, and Hispanic survivors.
Two Japanese Infants With Hypothyroidism Following Exposure to Iodinated Contrast Media
Authors: Shimura Kazuhiro , Shibata Hironori , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Ishii Tomohiro
Published: February 2023

We report 2 Japanese infants with hypothyroidism requiring levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy following exposure to iodinated contrast media (ICM). Patient 1 was born at 32 weeks gestation. He had congenital heart disease and underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) on day 22 (estimated amount of iodine: 600 mg/kg/dose). The newborn mass screening showed normal thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) levels at day 4, but high TSH and low free thyroxine levels on retest at day 44. LT4 replacement therapy was administered on days 46 to 74. No hypothyroidism requiring LT4 replacement therapy was observed afterward. The ultrasonography showed a hypoplastic thyroid gland. Patient 2 was born full-term. She had congenital heart disease and underwent contrast-enhanced CT on day 52 (estimated amount of iodine: 1500 mg/kg/dose). The newborn mass screening showed normal TSH levels on day 4, but high TSH levels on retest on day 62. LT4 replacement therapy was administered from day 65 to 3 years of age. Genetic analysis showed a heterozygous variant of DUOX2. Exposure to ICM can result in hypothyroidism, requiring LT4 replacement therapy. The severity of hypothyroidism may depend on risk factors, such as genetic predisposition, preterm birth, thyroid hypoplasia, or early exposure to ICM.
Pro and Con: How Important Is the Exact Location of Adductor Canal and Femoral Triangle Blocks?
Authors: Woodworth Glenn E. , Arner Andrew , Nelsen Sylvia , Nada Eman , Elkassabany Nabil M.
Published: February 2023

In this Pro-Con commentary article, we debate the importance of anterior thigh block locations for analgesia following total knee arthroplasty. The debate is based on the current literature, our understanding of the relevant anatomy, and a clinical perspective. We review the anatomy of the different fascial compartments, the course of different nerves with respect to the fascia, and the anatomy of the nerve supply to the knee joint. The Pro side of the debate supports the view that more distal block locations in the anterior thigh increase the risk of excluding the medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves of the thigh and the nerve to the vastus medialis, while increasing the risk of spread to the popliteal fossa, making distal femoral triangle block the preferred location. The Con side of the debate adopts the view that while the exact location of local anesthetic injection appears anatomically important, it has not been proven to be clinically relevant.
The geometric and dosimetric accuracy of kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography images for adaptive treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Jassim Hussam , Nedaei Hassan A. , Geraily Ghazale , Banaee Nooshin , Kazemian Ali
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

To provide an overview and meta-analysis of different techniques adopted to accomplish kVCBCT for dose calculation and automated segmentation.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on eligible studies demonstrating kVCBCT-based dose calculation and automated contouring of different tumor features. Meta-analysis of the performance was accomplished on the reported γ analysis and dice similarity coefficient (DSC) score of both collected results as three subgroups (head and neck, chest, and abdomen).

Results:

After the literature scrutinization (n = 1008), 52 papers were recognized for the systematic review. Nine studies of dosimtric studies and eleven studies of geometric analysis were suitable for inclusion in meta-analysis. Using kVCBCT for treatment replanning depends on a method used. Deformable Image Registration (DIR) methods yielded small dosimetric error (≤2%), γ pass rate (≥90%) and DSC (≥0.8). Hounsfield Unit (HU) override and calibration curve-based methods also achieved satisfactory yielded small dosimetric error (≤2%) and γ pass rate ((≥90%), but they are prone to error due to their sensitivity to a vendor-specific variation in kVCBCT image quality.

Conclusions:

Large cohorts of patients ought to be undertaken to validate methods achieving low levels of dosimetric and geometric errors. Quality guidelines should be established when reporting on kVCBCT, which include agreed metrics for reporting on the quality of corrected kVCBCT and defines protocols of new site-specific standardized imaging used when obtaining kVCBCT images for adaptive radiotherapy.

Advances in knowledge:

This review gives useful knowledge about methods making kVCBCT feasible for kVCBCT-based adaptive radiotherapy, simplifying patient pathway and reducing concomitant imaging dose to the patient.
Διερεύνηση μολυσματικών πρωτεϊνών φυτικών παθογόνων μέσω δομικών και λειτουργικών προσεγγίσεων
Authors: Κωτσαρίδης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: February 2023

Οι μοριακές αλληλεπιδράσεις φυτών-μικροβίων είναι ένα σημαντικό ερευνητικό πεδίο, η κατανόηση του οποίου μπορεί να οδηγήσει τόσο στο σχεδιασμό πιο επιτυχημένων νέων στρατηγικών για μια βιώσιμη παραγωγή τροφίμων, όσο και στην κατανόηση των βασικών βιολογικών μηχανισμών που καθορίζουν τις αλληλεπιδράσεις αυτές σε μοριακό επίπεδο. Ωστόσο, η δομική προσέγγιση των μοριακών αλληλεπιδράσεων πρωτεΐνης-πρωτεΐνης, μεταξύ ενός παθογόνου και των στόχων του στον ξενιστή, δεν έχει μελετηθεί σε μεγάλος βάθος από την επιστημονική κοινότητα. Η σημαντική πρόοδος που έχει επιτευχθεί τα τελευταία χρόνια λόγω της ραγδαίας ανάπτυξης προγραμμάτων τεχνητής νοημοσύνης, τα οποία είναι ικανά να προβλέπουν την τριτοταγή δομή μιας πρωτεΐνης και ως αποτέλεσμα, την περαιτέρω εμβάθυνση και δημιουργία υποθέσεων σχετικά με τον λειτουργικό χαρακτηρισμό των πρωτεϊνών, μπορεί να βοηθήσει αλλάζοντας δραματικά τους τρόπους προσέγγισης και μελέτης στο πεδίο αυτό.Ο γενικότερος συλλογισμός και πειραματικός σχεδιασμός της παρούσας διατριβής παρουσιάζεται στο πρώτο Κεφάλαιο: «Εισαγωγή», όπου περιγράφεται η βασική θεωρία για τη συντήρηση των πρωτεϊνικών δομών των τελεστών που έχουν όμοιες λειτουργίες εντός του κυττάρου του ξενιστή, ενώ γίνεται μια πρώτη εφαρμογή των προγραμμάτων υπολογισμού τριτοταγούς δομής πρωτεϊνών, και συσχέτισης της με τη λειτουργία πιθανών μολυσματικών πρωτεϊνικών παραγόντων και την ικανότητα τους να επάγουν προγραμματισμένο κυτταρικό θάνατο από δύο στελέχη (Temecula1, CoDiRo) και ένα υποείδος (Sandyi Ann-1) του φυτικού παθογόνου καραντίνας Xylella fastidiosa.Επιπροσθέτως, στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή, παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα από τις δομικές αναλύσεις και λειτουργικούς χαρακτηρισμούς των τελεστών του εκκριτικού συστήματος τύπου-ΙΙΙ (type III secretion system – T3SS), XopP και RipE1 των παθογόνων Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris και Ralstonia solanacearum αντίστοιχα, ως προς την επίδραση τους στην υπομονάδα Exo70B1 του συμπλόκου εξωκύττωσης του φυτού ξενιστή Arabidopsis thaliana. Ο τελεστής XopP, όπως προκύπτει από τις in vivo και in vitro αναλύσεις, παρουσιάζει λειτουργία κινάσης, ενώ ο τελεστής RipE1, ο οποίος είχε προηγουμένως2χαρακτηρισθεί ως πρωτεάση κυστεΐνης, έχει την ικανότητα να διασπά την πρωτεΐνη Exo70B1 in vitro.Συνολικά, η παρούσα διατριβή συνδυάζει έναν αριθμό τεχνικών και μεθόδων από διάφορους τομείς της επιστήμης της βιολογίας (βιοπληροφορική, τεχνικές μοριακής βιολογίας, τεχνικές δομικής βιολογία, δοκιμασίες βιοφυσικής/βιοχημείας) και παρουσιάζει έναν πειραματικό σχεδιασμό για τον λειτουργικό χαρακτηρισμό πρωτεϊνικών μορίων.
Avian influenza (H5N1) virus, epidemiology and its effects on backyard poultry in Indonesia: a review
Authors: Rehman Saifur , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Witaningruma Adiana Mutamsari , Nnabuikeb Ugbo Emmanuel , Bilal Muhammad , Abbas Asghar , Abbas Rao Zahid , Hussain Kashif
Published: February 2023

Avian influenza (AI) is a zoonotic viral endemic disease that affects poultry, swine, and mammals, including humans. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is caused by influenza type A virus subtypes H5, and H7 which are naturally carried by a wild bird and often affect domestic poultry. Avian influenza (AI) is a major problem worldwide that causes significant economic losses in the poultry sector. Since 2003, the widespread H5N1 HPAI in poultry has led to high mortalities resulting in huge economic losses in the poultry sector in Indonesia. Domestic poultry is a key source of income that contributes to economic growth, both directly and indirectly, by reducing poverty among the people living in rural communities. Furthermore, in many developing countries, including Indonesia, rural people meet a portion of their food needs through backyard poultry. Nevertheless, this sector is strongly affected by biosecurity hazards, particularly in Indonesia by HPAI infections. Avian influenza (AI), subtype H5N1 has zoonotic significance, posing major risks to public health and poultry. Due to close interaction between wild migratory birds and ducks, the domestic poultry sector in Indonesia is directly affected by this virus. This virus continues to be ubiquitous in Indonesia as a result of the unpredictable mutations produced by antigenic drift and shift, which can persist from a few days to several years. In this review, the epidemiology and impact, of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 subtype virus infection on backyard poultry in Indonesia were discussed.
Mortality in rural coastal Kenya measured using the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System: a 16-year descriptive analysis
Authors: Otiende Mark , Bauni Evasius , Nyaguara Amek , Amadi David , Nyundo Christopher , Tsory Emmanuel , Walumbe David , Kinuthia Michael , Kihuha Norbert , Kahindi Michael , Nyutu Gideon , Moisi Jennifer , Deribew Amare , Agweyu Ambrose , Marsh Kevin , Tsofa Benjamin , Bejon Philip , Bottomley Christian , Williams Thomas N. , Scott J. Anthony G.
Published: February 2023

Background: The Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS) was established in 2000 to define the incidence and prevalence of local diseases and evaluate the impact of community-based interventions. KHDSS morbidity data have been reported comprehensively but mortality has not been described. This analysis describes mortality in the KHDSS over 16 years.

Methods: We calculated mortality rates from 2003–2018 in four intervals of equal duration and assessed differences in mortality across these intervals by age and sex. We calculated the period survival function and median survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and mean life expectancies using abridged life tables. We estimated trend and seasonality by decomposing a time series of monthly mortality rates. We used choropleth maps and random-effects Poisson regression to investigate geographical heterogeneity.

Results: Mortality declined by 36% overall between 2003–2018 and by 59% in children aged <5 years. Most of the decline occurred between 2003 and 2006. Among adults, the greatest decline (49%) was observed in those aged 15–54 years. Life expectancy at birth increased by 12 years. Females outlived males by 6 years. Seasonality was only evident in the 1–4 year age group in the first four years. Geographical variation in mortality was ±10% of the median value and did not change over time.

Conclusions: Between 2003 and 2018, mortality among children and young adults has improved substantially. The steep decline in 2003–2006 followed by a much slower reduction thereafter suggests improvements in health and wellbeing have plateaued in the last 12 years. However, there is substantial inequality in mortality experience by geographical location.
The genome sequence of the Elbow-stripe Grass-veneer, Agriphila geniculea (Haworth, 1811)
Authors: Boyes Douglas ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Hammond James ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual femaleAgriphila geniculea(the Elbow-stripe Grass-veneer; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Crambidae). The genome sequence is 781.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.4 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 22,132 protein coding genes.
Economic environment of industrial business
Authors: Sirotkin Sergey , Kel'chevskaya Natal'ya , Krivorotov Vadim
Published: February 2023

The textbook reveals the concept of "economic environment of industrial business". The methodological bases of taking into account the factors of the economic environment of industrial business, which allow making economically sound management decisions at industrial business enterprises in unstable market conditions, as well as approaches to managing the economic environment that ensure the economic efficiency of an industrial business enterprise in the long term, are presented.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
The textbook is intended for master's degree students studying in the field of training 38.04.01 "Economics", for studying the academic discipline "Economic environment of industrial business", as well as for graduate students and teachers of economic universities (faculties), scientific and practical work, specialists in the economic field.
Art management
Authors: Komandyshko Elena , Tebiev Boris , Savenkova Lyubov'
Published: February 2023

The textbook discusses the main issues of the discipline "Art Management", revealing the essence, specifics, features and problems of the development of art management at the present stage.
Special attention is paid to the specifics of the functions of art and management functions, as well as the influence of modern trends in the development of the art industry on the content of the professional activity of an art manager. The author reveals the theoretical foundations of management and focuses on important aspects of professional activity, during which the values of culture and art determine the formation of a qualitatively new artistic and creative product.
The textbook has been supplemented with a workshop, in which the relationship between theoretical training and practical activities of students aimed at developing qualitatively new creative products and individual art projects has significantly expanded.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students, teachers of higher educational institutions, teachers-organizers, postgraduates and doctoral students studying the problems of improving the professional training of future specialists in the field of education, culture and the arts.
Legal basis for countering penitentiary crime
Authors: Rastoropov Sergey , Pikin Ivan , Tarakanov Il'ya , Il'in Andrey , Kolosov Anton , Prohorova Marina
Published: February 2023

The textbook is a systematic presentation of educational material on the specifics of countering crime in institutions of the penal enforcement system by criminal law and criminal procedure means, which will allow in a relatively short time to obtain the necessary minimum of knowledge in the field of criminal, criminal procedure law and criminalistics.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For the teaching staff, cadets, trainees and students of educational organizations of a legal profile, as well as all those interested in combating crime in institutions of the penal enforcement system by criminal legal and criminal procedural means.
Organization of educational work in a modern university: traditions and innovations
Authors: Ivanova Valeriya , Alyab'eva Elena , Bogdanova Marina , Boguckaya Tat'yana , Vanina Elena , Vistarovskaya Ekaterina , Gienko Lyubov' , Derenchuk Ol'ga , Kudryavceva Ekaterina , Nasangalieva Anna , Ponomareva Irina , Sigitova Lyudmila , Temerbaev Sergey , Ciring Diana
Published: February 2023

The monograph examines the features of the organization of the modern process of educating students at the university. The authors pay special attention to the study of professional socialization and adaptation of university students. Some practical approaches to the process of education are presented.
The education of students is considered as a complex, integrated, multidimensional process, including educational, project, scientific, professional and other activities. The tasks related to the creation of comfortable socio-psychological conditions and a socio-cultural educational environment conducive to the formation of general cultural competencies are also discussed.
It is intended for teachers, students and postgraduates, as well as persons interested in the theory and practice of educating students.
The new theory of money: laws, principles, practice
Authors: Skoblikov Evgeniy , Abramova Marina , Al'pidovskaya Marina
Published: February 2023

A new theory of money is proposed for study in the monograph. It contains the justification of 12 laws of monetary circulation, the corresponding principles of monetary policy and the concept of the Trinity based on the digitalization of registration and payment transactions, which will make it possible to increase the speed of their implementation, the reliability of doing business, promptly obtain reliable statistics and successfully fight corruption. The theory of money is considered in inseparable unity with practice, which will allow us to successfully resist sanctions using scientifically based measures to counter them.
For a wide range of readers interested in money circulation issues. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities and faculties.
Gypsum materials for facade systems
Authors: Bessonov Igor' , Umnyakova Nina , Bur'yanov Aleksandr
Published: February 2023

The monograph presents the main features of the production and application of gypsum materials and products of increased weather resistance. Theoretical provisions concerning the formation of the structure of gypsum-containing materials, including composite ones, are presented.
The results of physico-chemical studies of modified gypsum materials are considered. The results of the study of the resistance in aggressive environments of gypsum-containing finishing materials are presented.
The possibilities of using modified gypsum-containing products for cladding facades of buildings are shown.
It is intended for researchers, civil engineers, undergraduate and graduate students of construction areas of training, graduate students.
Solfeggio and music theory: a practical course
Authors: Siksimova Marina , Begicheva Ol'ga , Mozgot Svetlana
Published: February 2023

The textbook combines all the main types and forms of practical work in the disciplines of the musical and theoretical cycle, as well as the main topics on musical literacy and music theory, forms of control papers (exam papers), which, as a rule, are presented in such publications separately, without following an integrated approach. The forms of planning and methods of implementation of independent work of students are elaborated and presented in detail. The proposed principle of systematic learning helps in the practical development of disciplines, contributes to the acquisition of the necessary professional knowledge, skills and abilities.
It is intended for use in the classroom work of students of performing and theoretical departments of music colleges, as well as advanced students of the senior classes of SSMSH, DMSh and DSHI. It can be used for independent work of students of various specialties of secondary vocational education institutions and areas of higher education: 53.02.03 "Instrumental performance (by types of instruments)", 53.03.03 "Vocal art", 53.03.04 "The Art of folk singing", as well as for preparing applicants for entrance exams.
Time for Change
Authors: Bain Robert
Published: February 2023

The amount you pay for each mile traveled has long been used to assess the value of toll roads. But new research suggests that in fact, ‘time saved’ might be a better metric

Based on the white paper ‘It’s About Time’ by Dr Robert Bain, honorary professor at University College London, and Sylvain Sénéchal, managing director, CS Infrastructure Advisory Group
Digital Fatiaue
Authors: Eeden Paul
Published: February 2023

Boeing is exploring new possibilities in fatigue and static test with its digitally developed T-7A Red Hawk trainer
How well do the UK government’s ‘areas of research interest’ work as boundary objects to facilitate the use of research in policymaking?
Authors: Boaz Annette , Oliver Kathryn
Published: February 2023

Articulating the research priorities of government is one mechanism for promoting the production of relevant research to inform policy. This study focuses on the Areas of Research Interest (ARIs) produced and published by government departments in the UK. Through a qualitative study consisting of interviews with 25 researchers, civil servants, intermediaries and research funders, the authors explored the role of ARIs. Using the concept of boundary objects, the paper considers the ways in which ARIs are used and how they are supported by boundary practices and boundary workers, including through engagement opportunities. The paper addresses the following questions: What boundaries do ARIs cross, intended and otherwise? What characteristics of ARIs enable or hinder this boundary-crossing? and What resources, skills, work or conditions are required for this boundary-crossing to work well? We see the ARIs being used as a boundary object across multiple boundaries, with implications for the ways in which the ARIs are crafted and shared. In the application of ARIs in the UK policy context, we see a constant interplay between boundary objects, practices and people all operating within the confines of existing systems and processes. For example, understanding what was meant by a particular ARI sometimes involved ‘decoding’ work as part of the academic-policy engagement process. While ARIs have an important role to play they are no magic bullet. Nor do they tell the whole story of governmental research interests. Optimizing the use of research in policy making requires the galvanisation of a range of mechanisms, including ARIs.
Compact and low-cost deep-ultraviolet microscope system for label-free molecular imaging and point-of-care hematological analysis
Authors: Gorti Viswanath , Kaza Nischita , Williams Evelyn Kendall , Lam Wilbur A. , Robles Francisco E.
Published: February 2023

Deep-ultraviolet (UV) microscopy enables label-free, high-resolution, quantitative molecular imaging and enables unique applications in biomedicine, including the potential for fast hematological analysis at the point-of-care. UV microscopy has been shown to quantify hemoglobin content and white blood cells (five-part differential), providing a simple alternative to the current gold standard, the hematological analyzer. Previously, however, the UV system comprised a bulky broadband laser-driven plasma light source along with a large and expensive camera and 3D translation stage. Here, we present a modified deep-UV microscope system with a compact footprint and low-cost components. We detail the novel design with simple, inexpensive optics and hardware to enable fast and accurate automated imaging. We characterize the system, including a modified low-cost web-camera and custom automated 3D translation stage, and demonstrate its ability to scan and capture large area images. We further demonstrate the capability of the system by imaging and analyzing blood smears, using previously trained networks for automatic segmentation, classification (including 5-part white blood cell differential), and colorization. The developed system is approximately 10 times less expensive than previous configurations and can serve as a point-of-care hematology analyzer, as well as be applied broadly in biomedicine as a simple compact, low-cost, quantitative molecular imaging system.
Mueller polarimetric imaging as a tool for detecting the effect of non-thermal plasma treatment on the skin
Authors: Yang Hang , Liu Bo , Park Junha , Blaise Océane , Duchesne Constance , Honnorat Bruno , Vizet Jérémy , Rousseau Antoine , Pierangelo Angelo
Published: February 2023

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is a promising technique studied for several
medical applications such as wound healing or tumor reduction. The
detection of microstructural variations in the skin is currently
performed by histological methods, which are time-consuming and
invasive. This study aims to show that full-field Mueller polarimetric
imaging is suitable for fast and without-contact detection of skin
microstructure modifications induced by plasma treatment. Defrosted
pig skin is treated by NTP and analyzed by MPI within 30 minutes. NTP
is shown to modify the linear phase retardance and the total
depolarization. The tissue modifications are inhomogeneous and present
distinct features at the center and the fringes of the plasma-treated
area. According to control groups, tissue alterations are primarily
caused by the local heating concomitant to plasma-skin
interaction.
Modulational Instability and Raman Scattering in Optical Fibers
Authors: Golovchenko Ekaterina A.
Published: February 2023

Modulational Instability (MI) is one of the most beautiful nonlinear effects in optical fibers. MI causes the exponential amplification of small temporal perturbations of the cw pump radiation . In spectral domain Stokes and anti-Stokes components are exponentially amplified at the frequency shifts determined by pump intensity [1]. Depending on the polarization properties of optical fibers various types of MI can be observed both in the regions of positive and negative fiber group velocity dispersion (GVD) [2].
Interacting solitons in an erbium fibre laser.
Authors: Davey R.P. , Langford N. , Ferguson A.I.
Published: February 2023

Erbium doped fibres have become an important source and amplifier of ultra-short pulses in the 1.5μm region where soliton effects have important implications for long distance transmission of optical data. We report on the observation of multiple soliton interactions in a mode-locked erbium fibre laser. Complex interactions including repulsive and attractive forces have been observed over temporal separations of the order of 250ns, resulting in complex pulse-trains.
Electrooptic Waveguide Grating Using New Nonlinear-Optic Polymer p-NAn-PVA
Authors: Ura S. , Ohyama R. , Suhara T. , Nishihara H.
Published: February 2023

A new polymer p-NAn-PVA illustrated in Fig. 1 was developed by N. Ogata et al.1) for implementing second-order nonlinear-optic (NLO) devices. p-NA (p-Nitroaniline) is introduced as side-chain to PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) main-chain via acetal-linkage, and second-order NLO effects emerge by electric-field induced side-chain alignment (poling). This polymer has some attractive features besides fabrication easiness. Large NLO susceptibility is expected since p-NA has large polarizability and is highly doped (x=0.82), and the relaxation is small in comparison with dispersive type NLO polymers because of the high glass-transition-temperature resulting from the acetal-linkage. In this paper, we report the fabrication and characterization of p-NAn-PVA waveguide and an application to electrooptic (EO) grating switch. The EO effects originate from second-order NLO susceptibility, and EO devices are one of important applications of such NLO polymer waveguides as well as wavelength converters.
An Efficient Finite Element Scheme for Highly Nonlinear Waveguides
Authors: Hernandez-Figueroa H E
Published: February 2023

Since the late 70's the Beam Propagation Method (BPM) or Split-Step Fourier Method (SS/FM), has been widely used for solving the nonlinear partial differential equations which describe the propagation of spatial pulses through waveguide structures. By applying the Split-Step technique, the paraxial wave equation can be split in two propagating equations, one involving only linear terms and another including nonlinear ones. These two equations describe diffraction and nonlinear refraction respectively. In the SS/FM, diffraction is integrated by using the Fourier transform. However, the performance of this method is known to be seriously affected when abrupt variations of the refractive index are taken into account [1], and the problem tends to become even worse in the high nonlinear regime [2].
All-optical analog-to digital and digital-to analog conversion based on cross-phase modulation
Authors: Jeong J.-M. , Marhic M.E.
Published: February 2023

Because of the increased use of fiber-optic sensors and fiber-optic communications, signals applied to an optical signal processor are often optical, and thus optical A/D and D/A converters should handle optical input signals directly and be very fast. Optical A/D conversion has been demonstrated and proposed using an electro-optic waveguide [1], a liquid crystal device [2], and optical logic and a look-up table [3]. Optical D/A converters have also been proposed and demonstrated using electro-optic waveguide. Papuchon et al. [4] and Lewis et al. [5] used binary weighted electrodes and binary weighted neutral density filter arrays, respectively.
Repetition rate control of an LD-pumped femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser using a sub ring cavity
Authors: Nakazawa Masataka , Yoshida Eiji , Kimura Yasuo
Published: February 2023

With a view to generating femtosecond pulses from lasers, an additive pulse modelocking (APM) technique has recently been developed, in which a nonlinear Fabry-Perot cavity plays an important role in narrowing the output pulse by using interference.1 The pulse operation mechanism of the laser can be classified as fast saturable absorber modelocking. An alternative way to obtain nonlinear interference is to use an optical fiber loop instead of the nonlinear Fabry Perot fiber cavity. Doran and Wood presented an interesting idea for switching the pulse which is accompanied by simultaneous pulse shaping, the so called nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM).2 Fermann et al. presented a modified NOLM, which is called the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM).3 An EDFA is installed inside the loop mirror which is terminated by a 50 : 50 coupler. Thus, low threshold switching can be realized in the NALM.
The Role of the Soliton Self Frequency Shift in the Amplification of Femtosecond Fundamental Solitons Using Er-Doped Fibers
Authors: Hodel W. , Schütz J. , Weber H. P.
Published: February 2023

Recently there has been considerable interest in the amplification of solitons with the use of Er-doped fiber amplifiers because of their possible application in long distance optical communication systems. Among the many advantages of this type of active fiber are the high gain (> 30 dB) in the 1500 nm region, the wide gain bandwidth (in the order of 30 nm), the polarization independent gain and the high saturation output power. Especially the large bandwidth makes Er-doped fibers attractive candidates for the amplification of ultrashort pulses (with pulse durations in the order of 100 fsec). Whereas some authors have reported on experimental results of short pulse amplification [1,2,3,4], only little theoretical work has been done in this field up to now [5]. Agrawal [5] and earlier Blow et al [6] have pointed out that bandwidth-limited amplification of ultrashort solitons results in a suppression of the soliton self frequency shift (SSFS). This, however, is in contrast to recent experimental results which show that the SSFS is gain enhanced [1]. We will present numerical results for the amplification of ultrashort fundamental solitons in Er-doped fibers based on an extended version of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation which takes into account the influence of group-velocity dispersion (GVD) including higher order dispersion, self phase modulation, the Raman self scattering effect and the frequency dependent gain and phase shift provided by the fiber amplifier. Our calculations clearly demonstrate the deleterious influence of the SSFS on the amplification of 100 fsec solitons: the energy gain that can be extracted from the amplifier is limited to very small values because the SSFS rapidly shifts the pulse spectrum outside the gain bandwidth.
Theory of Femtosecond Soliton Amplification In Rare-Earth-Doped Fibers
Authors: Afanasjev V.V. , Serkin V.N. , Vysloukh V.A.
Published: February 2023

Recent demonstrations of the transmission of optical solitons amplified using the Raman process [1] or the amplification process in the rare-earth-doped fibers [2, 3] promise not only prospects to all-optical high speed transmission systems, but also to femtosecond laser systems.
Nonlinear Guided Waves in Semiconductors: Induced Focusing and Directional Coupling
Authors: Gibbs H. M. , Khitrova G. , Jin R. , Chuang C. L. , Xu J.
Published: February 2023

Recently, Agrawal1 suggested a novel focusing effect in a self-defocusing medium. The transverse spatial gradient of the field amplitude of a strong pump beam induces a refractive index profile that can result in focusing and deflection of a weak beam. Below the band edge of a semiconductor, the optical nonlinearity is self-defocusing; far enough above the decreased absorption, the nonlinearity is self-focusing, but the > 100 μm length and large absorption there (α ≃ 1 μm-1) of a semiconductor waveguide result in no transmission.2 Hence induced focusing is especially intriguing in a passive semiconductor waveguide because self-focusing cannot occur.
All-Optical Modulation by Interaction between Interband- and Intraband-Lights in n-Doped Quantum Well Structure
Authors: Noda Susumu , Okuda Tetsuro , Yamashita Takao , Sasaki Akio
Published: February 2023

There is great interest in nonlinear optical phenomena in a quantum well structure. Although there are various energy levels in the quantum well structure, most of nonlinear devices with the quantum well structure only utilize either interband or intraband electron transition. The interband transition is the transition from a valence band to a conduction band, and the intraband transition is the transition between the first and the second quantized energy levels in a conduction or a valence band. When we utilize both of the interband- and the intraband-transitions simultaneously, the freedom of the device synthesis is greatly increased, and light-controlled optical devices which are indispensable for the future optical signal processing and optical computing can be realized.