bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The new “alert procedures” in Italy: Regarder au‐delà du modèle français?
Authors: Vaccari Eugenio
Published: December 2020

Italy is about to enforce the first comprehensive reform of its corporate insolvency framework since the Second World War. The new Codice della Crisi d'Impresa e dell'Insolvenza builds on international recommendations, European laws and foreign best practice. One area that has been subject to substantial influence from foreign models is preventive insolvency mechanisms, where the Italian Legislator drew from the French and English experiences, as these countries have a widely recognized reputation of excellence in this field. Nevertheless, the similarities between the Italian and the English system – particularly with reference to the Italian panel of experts in the alert procedures and the English “pre‐pack pool” in pre‐packaged administrations – have so far been overlooked in the academic literature. This article sheds some light on the degree of cross‐fertilization between the Italian panel of experts in the procedure d'allerta and the English pre‐pack pool in pre‐packaged administration. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate whether regulatory reforms are needed to support the activity of the Italian panel in promoting restructuring deals for debtors in distress.
Assessment of the maxilla‐mandible‐nasion angle in normal and aneuploid foetuses in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Tekesin Ismail , Graupner Oliver
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This retrospective study aims to determine whether the maxilla‐mandible‐nasion (MMN) angle can be reliably measured in the first trimester, to describe normal ranges, and to determine if significant changes occur in foetuses with aneuploidies.

Methods

The MMN angle was measured in stored 2D‐ultrasound images of 200 normal fetal profiles between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation. Each image was analyzed by two observers at two independent time points. Bland‐Altmann analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability of the measurements. Additionally, the MMN angle was measured on sonograms from 140 aneuploid foetuses.

Results

The mean MMN angle in normal foetuses from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation was 15.4°. Reliability of the measurement was high when repeatedly measured by the same observer (ICC = 0.92 and 0.82) and between two observers (ICC = 0.77 and 0.63). Average MMN values in foetuses with trisomy 21, 13, and Turner syndrome were significantly higher than those measured in normal foetuses. The highest differences were observed in foetuses with trisomy 13. Among those, 62% had an MMN angle above the 95th percentile and 92% above the normal mean.

Conclusion

The MMN angle can be reliably measured in early pregnancy and is abnormal in about 60% of foetuses with trisomy 13.
Dentin erosion preventive effects of various plant extracts: An in vitro atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation study
Authors: Sarialioglu Gungor Ayca , Donmez Nazmiye
Published: December 2020

The overall consumption of acidic beverages has become more common, making the prevention and treatment of dental erosion an important consideration. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of various plant extracts in preventing dentin erosion. Seven experimental groups (fluoride‐free water, fluoride‐containing mouthwash [Colgate Plax], green tea, rosehip, clove, pomegranate, and grape seed) were formed, each consisting of 20 bovine dentin samples. The specimens were exposed daily to demineralization and remineralization cycles three times per day over 5 days through a 5‐min plant extract application before each erosive episode. Surface roughness, nanohardness values, and morphological changes on dentin surfaces were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were subjected to Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman tests (p < .05). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of nanohardness values (p < .05), except for the pomegranate and grape seed groups. The highest nanohardness value was observed in the clove group (1.24 ± 0.34 GPa), whereas the lowest nanohardness value was noted in the grape seed group (0.20 ± 0.04 GPa). The nanohardness values of positive and negative control groups after erosion cycles were statistically higher than the initial nanohardness values (p < .05).There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in surface roughness values (p > .05). Macromolecular deposits were observed both in the SEM and AFM images of the pomegranate, Colgate, and rosehip groups. It can be concluded that the clove extract group is more successful in preventing dentin erosion than the other groups. Green tea is also effective in preventing dentin erosion, similar to clove extract.

The application of plant extracts may be a new treatment strategy in preventing dentin erosion.

Plant extracts may also reduce the severity of existing dentin erosion.

Clove and green tea extracts may present novel natural therapy potential by inhibiting dentin erosion.
Kikuchi Cervical Lymphadenitis in Children
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Kim Ji Young , Ryu Young Jin , Lee Hyunju
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To investigate ultrasound (US) features of enlarged cervical lymph nodes (LNs) to differentiate between Kikuchi disease (KD) and other common types of infectious lymphadenitis in an East Asian pediatric patient population.

Methods

A total of 142 pediatric patients with KD and 45 patients with infectious lymphadenitis (suppurative lymphadenitis [n = 29], nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis [n = 9], and tuberculous lymphadenitis [n = 7]) were included. The clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and US features of LNs were reviewed. The area under the curve (AUC) from a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used as a diagnostic accuracy measure.

Results

A multiple clustered adjacent pattern, bilaterality, an even size, posterior neck involvement, no enlargement, an elongated‐to‐ovoid shape, homogeneous hypoechogenicity, a well‐defined margin, presence of an echogenic fatty hilum, no intranodal gross necrosis, increased perinodal fat echogenicity, and no increased echogenicity of the adjacent sternocleidomastoid muscle were significant US features of the affected LNs to discriminate KD from infectious lymphadenitis (P < .05). Homogeneous hypoechogenicity in KD showed the highest AUC (0.930) as a single variable (95% confidence interval, 0.88–0.96). The AUCs were increased in 3 combination models with 2 US features: homogeneous echogenicity and 1 of 3 other US features (increased perinodal fat echogenicity, 0.935; number of affected LNs, 0.947; and LN shape, 0.949).

Conclusions

Homogeneous hypoechogenicity of LNs was a significant US feature with the highest diagnostic accuracy in differentiating KD from common infectious lymphadenitis on a univariate analysis. In the combination model, US features of an elongated‐to‐ovoid shape and homogeneous hypoechogenicity showed the highest diagnostic accuracy.
Protein corona formed in the gastrointestinal tract and its impacts on oral delivery of nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Tianxu , Zhu Guanyin , Lu Boyao , Qian Zhiyong , Peng Qiang
Published: December 2020

The interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with proteins and the formation of protein corona in the biological fluids are of great interest and significance for drug delivery. In the past decade, the corona formation in the blood and its impacts on the in vitro and in vivo fate of NPs has been well investigated and reviewed. Recently, more and more attention is paid to the nano–protein interactions taking place in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) between the orally administered NPs and the digestive enzymes. The enzyme corona formed in the GIT can significantly affect the properties, gastrointestinal transit, and oral absorption of NPs. Since oral delivery is the most preferred delivery route, comprehensively understanding the corona formation in the GIT and its impacts on oral delivery NPs are of great importance. Herein, we aim to summarize the recent updates on the nano–protein interactions between NPs and digestive enzymes, and launch an interesting discussion on the potentials of using the digestive enzyme corona for the colon targeted delivery.
Local well‐posedness of compressible radiation hydrodynamic equations with density‐dependent viscosities and vacuum
Authors: Li Hao , Li Yachun
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for three‐dimensional isentropic compressible radiation hydrodynamic equations with density‐dependent viscosity coefficients. When the viscosity coefficients are given as power of density (ρδ with δ > 1), we establish the local‐in‐time existence of classical solutions containing a vacuum for large initial data. Here, we point out that the initial layer compatibility conditions are not necessary.
Avoidable Acute Care Use Associated with Nausea and Vomiting Among Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy or Oxaliplatin
Authors: Navari Rudolph M. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Nipp Ryan , Clark-Snow Rebecca , Schwartzberg Lee , Binder Gary , Bailey William L. , Potluri Ravi , Schmerold Luke M. , Papademetriou Eros , Roeland Eric J.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) contributes to avoidable acute care, a metric now tracked in Medicare's oncology outcome measure. CINV is preventable, yet guidelines are often not followed. We sought to quantify acute care involving CINV and other avoidable toxicities after highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) to identify excess risk and assess clinician adherence to antiemesis guidelines for HEC.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively evaluated U.S. electronic health records (2012-2018) using Medicare's OP-35 outcome measure to identify avoidable acute care involving any of 10 toxicities, including CINV, after HEC regimens relative to non-HEC. Antiemetic guideline adherence was defined as use ofneurokinin-1 (NKl) receptor antagonists Q5 (RAs) plus 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 RA+ dexamethasone at HEC initiation.

Results

Among 17,609 patients receiving HEC, acute care rates associated with HEC chemotherapy included 32% cisplatin, 31% carboplatin, and 21% anthracycline/cyclosphospharnide (AC), with 76% meeting the criteria as avoidable events. Oxaliplatin rates were 29%. Avoidable acute care occurred 1.83 times (95% confidence interval, 1.76-1.91, p < .0001) as often after HEC versus non-HEC excluding oxaliplatin; CINV-related acute care occurred 2.29 times as often. Nonadherence to antiemesis guidelines occurred in 34% and 24% of cisplatin and AC courses, respectively, because of omission of a NKl RA.

Conclusions

Patients treated with HEC regimens experienced high avoidable acute care use, 1.8 times the risk seen for other chemotherapy. Nonadherence to guideline-directed antiemetic prophylaxis highlights the need to ensure adherence to antiemetic guidelines, including the use of NKl RA in HEC.

Implications for Practice

After survival, perhaps the most important goal in oncology is limiting avoidable acute care, a goal now used by Medicare to impact cancer reimbursement. This study found that patients treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) regimens had high rates of avoidable acute care use, 1.8 times the risk seen for other chemotherapy. A substantial proportion of the avoidable acute care involved chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Results showed that incomplete adherence to national antiemetic guidelines for HEC regimens primarily driven by omission of upfront neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist use, suggesting that improved adherence can meaningfully resolve this gap in quality and cost of care.
Tensile characterization of graphene nanoplatelet/shape memory alloy/epoxy composites using digital and thermal imaging
Authors: Kilic Ugur , Daghash Sherif M. , Sherif Muhammad M. , Ozbulut Osman E.
Published: December 2020

This article explores the tensile deformation and failure characteristics of a hybrid composite where microscale shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers and nanoscale graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were used to reinforce a ductile epoxy matrix. First, the GNPs were incorporated into epoxy system using a hybrid dispersion technique at various weight percentages ranging from 0.25 to 2.50 wt%. The mechanical properties of GNP composites were investigated using monotonic uniaxial tensile tests to failure and were compared to neat epoxy. The GNP concentration that resulted in highest enhancement in tensile properties of the epoxy was identified. Then, the GNP/SMA/epoxy composites were fabricated using a vacuum assisted hand lay‐up technique. The composites were reinforced with SMA fibers at 50% volume ratio and an optimal GNP concentration was added. The tensile response of the developed composites was characterized using full‐field strain measurements captured by a digital image correlation system, while simultaneously the thermal response of the composites was monitored through measurements of an infrared camera. The tensile properties, superelastic response, and failure mechanisms of the developed composites were discussed. Results shows that the developed GNP/SMA/epoxy composites exhibit excellent superelastic characteristics with a maximum strength of 533 MPa and failure elongation of 12.5%.
Safety and quality metrics for process hazard analysis
Authors: Baybutt Paul
Published: December 2020

Companies use metrics to monitor their process safety performance. Process safety metrics may relate to any aspect of a process safety program but many metrics are developed for individual process safety elements, such as process hazard analysis (PHA). Traditional metrics for PHA mostly address aspects of managing PHA studies, such as the timely completion of corrective actions. However, there are other types of metrics that are of interest, specifically those that characterize the level of safety achieved for a process and the level of quality achieved in a study. This article describes the use of such metrics in PHA and provides examples of their use.
Enrichment of aluminium in the near‐surface region of natural quartzite rock after aluminium exposure
Authors: Hüenger Klaus‐Jürgen , Kositz Mario , Danneberg Matti , Radnik Jörg
Published: December 2020

Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is an ongoing problem that causes damage to concrete constructions and reduces their durability. Therefore, minimizing this undesired reaction is of great interest for both safety and economic reasons. Additives containing high aluminium content are very effective in reducing the release of silica and enhancing the durability of concrete; however, the mechanism for this effect is still under discussion. In this study, an enrichment of aluminium in the near‐surface region was observed for natural quartzite rock after storage in Al (OH)3 and metakaolin as aluminium sources, from which we conclude that the formation of aluminosilicate sheets of a few nanometres inhibits the silica release; this hypothesis is supported by high‐resolution spectra of Al 2p, Si 2p and O 1s.
Governance of patient‐centred care: A systemic approach to cancer treatment
Authors: Gorod Alex , Hallo Leonie , Merchant Susan
Published: December 2020

Currently, policymaking in cancer treatment is based on a reductionist approach and does not consider the differing views of multiple stakeholders in a systemic fashion. Non‐integrated views are not representative of the totality of the real‐life treatment context, and policymakers need to capture that holistic representation in their decision making. This paper uses a ‘systems thinking’ approach to propose a holistic way of capturing different stakeholders' views and integrating these into optimal treatment. Key stakeholders operate within their own system, as well as within the overarching complex system of cancer treatment care. An integrated view will enable policymakers to better understand the various issues involved and invoke a more holistic governance approach that encourages greater integration and emergence. Subject matter experts in Australia were consulted to provide narratives that were used to construct individual systemic views (systemigrams) to represent the constructivist perspectives of two key stakeholder groups: patients and oncology nurses. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to validate the representativeness of the systemigrams created. The systemigrams that captured the perceptions and objectives of patients and nurses were found to be significantly different from each other. Understanding that individual views are only a part of the complex system can lead to a better appreciation of failures within cancer treatment and how to address these through optimal governance. Dynamic integration of differing perspectives in the cancer treatment journey is important. Recognizing and encouraging emergent behaviour among key stakeholders will enable effective governance. Management in cancer care is currently largely undertaken through individual silos with little interaction between those silos. This paper presents a new way of visualizing and conceptualizing governance of cancer treatment that will make governance more holistic and will improve patient‐centred care.
Synthetic Approaches to Tricyclic Aminoketones in the Total Synthesis of Aspidosperma and Kopsia Alkaloids
Authors: Wang Nengzhong , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: December 2020

Aspidosperma and kopsia alkaloids are significant functional molecules because of their potent biological activities. Their intricate structures present an intrinsic synthetic challenge and thus attract significant attention from synthetic organic academic community. Over the past decades, a series of elegant strategies has been developed, in particular, the Stork's original Fischer indolization of tricyclic aminoketones 1. Herein, we report a comprehensive review on various synthetic approaches access to tricyclic aminoketones 1 and provide a practical guidance to readers whose are interested in employing tricyclic aminoketones 1 as versatile building blocks in the realm of total synthesis of aspidosperma, kopsia and structurally related alkaloids.
The emerging role of chromatin remodelers in neurodevelopmental disorders: a developmental perspective
Authors: Mossink Britt , Negwer Moritz , Schubert Dirk , Nadif Kasri Nael
Published: December 2020

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), are a large group of disorders in which early insults during brain development result in a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of clinical diagnoses. Mutations in genes coding for chromatin remodelers are overrepresented in NDD cohorts, pointing towards epigenetics as a convergent pathogenic pathway between these disorders. In this review we detail the role of NDD-associated chromatin remodelers during the developmental continuum of progenitor expansion, differentiation, cell-type specification, migration and maturation. We discuss how defects in chromatin remodelling during these early developmental time points compound over time and result in impaired brain circuit establishment. In particular, we focus on their role in the three largest cell populations: glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, and glia cells. An in-depth understanding of the spatiotemporal role of chromatin remodelers during neurodevelopment can contribute to the identification of molecular targets for treatment strategies.
Smoking-related cue reactivity in a virtual reality setting: association between craving and EEG measures
Authors: Tamburin Stefano , Dal Lago Denise , Armani Federica , Turatti Marco , Saccà Riccardo , Campagnari Simone , Chiamulera Cristiano
Published: December 2020

Background

Cue-reactivity is the array of responses that smokers exhibit when exposed to conditioned and contextual stimuli previously associated to substance use. The difficulty to experimentally recreate the complexity of smokers’ spatial experience and context requires more ecological models. Virtual reality (VR) creates a state of immersion close to reality allowing controlled assessments of behavioral responses. To date, no studies investigated brain activation associated to smoking cue-reactivity in VR using electroencephalography (EEG).

Aims

To investigate whether a VR cue-reactivity paradigm (a) may increase smoking craving, (b) is feasible with EEG recording, and (c) induces craving levels associated to EEG desynchronization.

Methods

Smokers (N = 20) and non-smokers (N = 20) were exposed to neutral and smoking-related VR scenarios, without and with smoking conditioned stimuli, respectively. EEG was recorded from occipital and parietal leads throughout the sessions to assess alpha band desynchronization. Smoking and food craving and presence visual analogue scales (VAS) were assessed during the session.

Results

To be smoker, but not non-smoker, significantly influenced smoking craving VAS induced by smoking cue VR but not by neutral VR. No significant food craving changes was observed during the VR sessions. The new finding was that EEG alpha band power in posterior leads was significantly increased by the smoking context scenario only in smokers, and that the degree of smoking (i.e., heavy vs. light) was significantly associated to this neurophysiological measure.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of EEG recording in a VR setting, suggesting that EEG desynchronization may be a neurophysiological marker of smoking cue-reactivity.
Visibility of significant prostate cancer on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—do we still need contrast media?
Authors: Huebner Nicolai Alexander , Korn Stephan , Resch Irene , Grubmüller Bernhard , Gross Tobias , Gale Robert , Kramer Gero , Poetsch Nina , Clauser Paola , Haitel Andrea , Fajkovic Harun , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Baltzer Pascal A.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To assess the visibility of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCA) lesions on the sequences multiparametric MRI of the prostate (mpMRI) and to evaluate whether the addition of dynamic contrast–enhanced imaging (DCE) improves the overall visibility.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated multiparametric MRI images of 119 lesions in 111 patients with biopsy-proven clinically significant PCA. Three readers assigned visual grading scores for visibility on each sequence, and a visual grading characteristic analysis was performed. Linear regression was used to explore which factors contributed to visibility in individual sequences.

Results

The visibility of lesions was significantly better with mpMRI when compared to biparametric MRI in visual grading characteristic (VGC) analysis, with an AUCVGC of 0.62 (95% CI 0.55–0.69; p < 0.001). This benefit was seen across all readers. Multivariable linear regression revealed that a location in the peripheral zone was associated with better visibility on T2-weighted imaging (T2w). A higher Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score was associated with better visibility on both diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and DCE. Increased lesion size was associated with better visibility on all sequences.

Conclusions

Visibility of clinically significant PCA is improved by using mpMRI. DCE and DWI images independently improve lesion visibility compared to T2w images alone. Further research into the potential of DCE to impact on clinical decision-making is suggested.

Key Points

• DCE and DWI images independently improve clinically significant prostate cancer lesion visibility compared to T2w images alone.

• Multiparametric MRI (DCE, DWI, T2w) achieved significantly higher visibility scores than biparametric MRI (DWI, T2w).

• Location in the transition zone is associated with poor visibility on T2w, while it did not affect visibility on DWI or DCE.
Which role for chest x-ray score in predicting the outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia?
Authors: Maroldi Roberto , Rondi Paolo , Agazzi Giorgio Maria , Ravanelli Marco , Borghesi Andrea , Farina Davide
Published: December 2020

Objective

We aim to demonstrate that a chest X-ray (CXR) scoring system for COVID-19 patients correlates with patient outcome and has a prognostic value.

Methods

This retrospective study included CXRs of COVID-19 patients that reported the Brixia score, a semi-quantitative scoring system rating lung involvement from 0 to 18. The highest (H) and lowest (L) values were registered along with scores on admission (A) and end of hospitalization (E). The Brixia score was correlated with the outcome (death or discharge).

Results

A total of 953 patients met inclusion criteria. In total, 677/953 were discharged and 276/953 died during hospitalization. A total of 524/953 had one CXR and 429/953 had more than one CXR. H-score was significantly higher in deceased (median, 12; IQR 9–14) compared to that in discharged patients (median, 8; IQR 5–11) (p < 0.0001). In 429/953 patients with multiple CXR, A-score, L-score, and E-score were higher in deceased than in discharged patients (A-score 9 vs 8; p = 0.039; L-score 7 vs 5; p < 0.0003; E-score 12 vs 7; p < 0.0001). In the entire cohort, logistic regression showed a significant predictive value for age (p < 0.0001, OR 1.13), H-score (p < 0.0001, OR 1.25), and gender (p = 0.01, male OR 1.67). AUC was 0.863. In patients with ≥ 2 CXR, A-, L-, and E-scores correlated significantly with the outcome. Cox proportional hazards regression indicated age (p < 0.0001, HR 4.17), H-score (< 9, HR 0.36, p = 0.0012), and worsening of H-score vs A score > 3 (HR 1.57, p = 0.0227) as associated with worse outcome.

Conclusions

The Brixia score correlates strongly with disease severity and outcome; it may support the clinical decision-making, particularly in patients with moderate-to-severe signs and symptoms. The Brixia score should be incorporated in a prognostic model, which would be desirable, particularly in resource-constraint scenarios.

Key Points

• To demonstrate the importance of the Brixia score in assessing and monitoring COVID-19 lung involvement.

• The Brixia score strongly correlates with patient outcome and can be easily implemented in the routine reporting of CXR.
Laser procedures in the treatment of BPH: a bibliometric study
Authors: Reichelt Anja C. , Suarez-Ibarrola Rodrigo , Herrmann Thomas R. W. , Miernik Arkadiusz , Schöb Dominik S.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To perform a bibliometric analysis of lased-based BPH treatment publications and to obtain an understanding of the publication trends over time.

Materials and methods

The Medline database was searched for articles in English language regarding laser-based BPH therapy up to 2018. Matching articles were assigned to at least one of the following categories: Ho:YAG, Tm:YAG, green light, diode, Nd:YAG laser and review articles. The laser categories were analysed using bibliometric procedures regarding citation rate, authors, country of origin and journal of publication. Moreover, the articles on laser BPH therapy included in the EAU, AUA and JUA guidelines were analysed to evaluate the most influential articles.

Results

In total, 982 articles were included: 317 articles were assigned to green light, 283 to Ho:YAG, 101 to Tm:YAG, 74 to Nd:YAG and 39 to diode lasers. The publication rate for Nd:YAG laser has declined, but continues to grow for Ho:YAG and Tm:YAG lasers. We found a positive correlation between number of authors and year of publication (R = 0.3, p < 0.001*). Articles on Ho:YAG lasers are cited the most (mean 23.0 ± 37.1). Asia has contributed the most articles. Mostly, countries with high health and research and development (R&D) expenditures influenced the guidelines regarding laser-based approaches. Yet, after adjustment of all search results to GDP, health and R&D expenditure, India and China were the most prolific countries.

Conclusion

Laser-based approaches for BPH treatment are increasing but have not been implemented worldwide. Asia’s contribution should be acknowledged. An inflationary trend regarding the number of authors per article is confirmed.
Demand for integrative medicine among women with breast and gynecological cancer: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Southern and Northern Germany
Authors: Grimm Donata , Mathes Sofia , Woelber Linn , Van Aken Caroline , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Mueller Volkmar , Kiechle Marion , Brambs Christine , Paepke Daniela
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The aim of this multicenter cross-sectional study was to analyze a cohort of breast (BC) and gynecological cancer (GC) patients regarding their interest in, perception of and demand for integrative therapeutic health approaches.

Methods

BC and GC patients were surveyed at their first integrative clinic visit using validated standardized questionnaires. Treatment goals and potential differences between the two groups were evaluated.

Results

340 patients (272 BC, 68 GC) participated in the study. The overall interest in IM was 95.3% and correlated with older age, recent chemotherapy, and higher education. A total of 89.4% were using integrative methods at the time of enrolment, primarily exercise therapy (57.5%), and vitamin supplementation (51.4%). The major short-term goal of the BC patients was a side-effects reduction of conventional therapy (70.4%); the major long-term goal was the delay of a potential tumor progression (69.3%). In the GC group, major short-term and long-term goals were slowing tumor progression (73.1% and 79.1%) and prolonging survival (70.1% and 80.6%). GC patients were significantly more impaired by the side-effects of conventional treatment than BC patients [pain (p = 0.006), obstipation (< 0.005)].

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate a high overall interest in and use of IM in BC and GC patients. This supports the need for specialized IM counseling and the implementation of integrative treatments into conventional oncological treatment regimes in both patient groups. Primary tumor site, cancer diagnosis, treatment phase, and side effects had a relevant impact on the demand for IM in our study population.
Exact matching of trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy to conventional trabeculectomy with mitomycin C followed for 2 years
Authors: Strzalkowska A. , Strzalkowski P. , Al Yousef Y. , Grehn F. , Hillenkamp J. , Loewen Nils A.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

We used exact matching for a highly balanced comparison of ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT) with the trabectome to trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (TRAB).

Methods

A total of 5485 patients who underwent AIT were exact-matched to 196 TRAB patients by baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, and glaucoma type. Nearest-neighbor–matching was applied to age. Success was defined as a final IOP of less than 21 mmHg, IOP reduction of at least 20% reduction from baseline, and no secondary surgical interventions. Outcomes were measured at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

Results

A total of 165 AIT could be matched to 165 TRAB. The mean baseline IOP was 22.3 ± 5.6 mmHg, and the baseline number of glaucoma medications was 2.7 ± 1.1 in both groups. At 24 months, IOP was reduced to 15.8 ± 5.2 mmHg in AIT and 12.4 ± 4.7 mmHg in TRAB. IOP was lower than baseline at all visits (p < 0.01) and lower in TRAB than AIT (p < 0.01). Glaucoma medications were reduced to 2.1 ± 1.3 in AIT and 0.2 ± 0.8 in TRAB. Compared to baseline, patients used fewer drops postoperatively (p < 0.01) and more infrequently in TRAB than in AIT (p > 0.01). Secondary surgical interventions had the highest impact on success and became necessary in 15 AIT and 59 TRAB patients. Thirty-two challenging events occurred in TRAB and none in AIT.

Conclusion

Both AIT and TRAB reduced IOP and medications. This reduction was more significant in TRAB but at the expense of four times as many secondary interventions.
A Social-Ecological Framework to Understand Barriers to HIV Clinic Attendance in Nakivale Refugee Settlement in Uganda: a Qualitative Study
Authors: O’Laughlin Kelli N. , Greenwald Kelsy , Rahman Sarah K. , Faustin Zikama M. , Ashaba Scholastic , Tsai Alexander C. , Ware Norma C. , Kambugu Andrew , Bassett Ingrid V.
Published: December 2020

The social-ecological model proposes that efforts to modify health behaviors are influenced by constraints and facilitators at multiple levels. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 47 clients in HIV care and 8 HIV clinic staff to explore how such constraints and facilitators (individual, social environment, physical environment, and policies) affect engaging in HIV clinical care in Nakivale Refugee Settlement in Uganda. Thematic analysis revealed that participants were motivated to attend the HIV clinic because of the perceived quality of services and the belief that antiretroviral therapy improves health. Barriers to clinic attendance included distance, cost, unemployment, and climate. Those that disclosed their status had help in overcoming barriers to HIV care. Nondisclosure and stigma disrupted community support in overcoming these obstacles. Interventions to facilitate safe disclosure, mobilize social support, and provide more flexible HIV services may help overcome barriers to HIV care in this setting.
Ingredients for robustness
Authors: Ay Nihat
Published: December 2020

A core property of robust systems is given by the invariance of their function against the removal of some of their structural components. This intuition has been formalised in the context of input–output maps, thereby introducing the notion of exclusion independence. We review work on how this formalisation allows us to derive characterisation theorems that provide a basis for the design of robust systems.
Occurrence and Stability of Allanite and Monazite in the Greater Himalayan Sequence, Dhauliganga Valley, Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Chaurasia C. , Madhavan K. , Thakur S. S. , Patel S. C. , Samal A. K. , Nema S. , Dixit P. K.
Published: December 2020

The occurrence and relative stability of metamorphic allanite and monazite in metapelites of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) in the Dhauliganga valley, Garhwal Himalaya have been studied. The GHS is marked by kyanite grade metamorphism in the lower and middle structural levels and sillimanite grade metamorphism in the upper structural level. The occurrence of allanite is restricted to the lower structural level, while monazite occurs in the middle and upper structural levels. The allanite-out reaction occurred at ~660 °C and 9.5 kbar. Monazite shows widely varying ThO2 content which can be explained mostly by brabantite substitution. The rocks of the GHS of the Dhauliganga valley display inverted metamorphic sequence and the allanite-out reaction is the result of prograde metamorphism.
Characterising the Ongole Coastal Dunefield of SE India: Formation and Temporal Constraints
Authors: Kumar Devender , Reddy Dontireddy Venkat , Davidson-Arnott Robin
Published: December 2020

The Ongole coastal dunefield (OCD) is about 20 km long and 2.5 to 3 km wide, and is located to the east of Ongole town between the mouth of the Paleru river in the south and a small creek in the north. Much of the dunefield lies 3-5 m above sea level with some large dune ridges reaching 10-12 m. The area landward of the dune field consists of an extensive marsh. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of 12 sub-surface sediments from three sites near the western edge of the dunefield gives almost concurrent age of 5.1±0.4 ka. Radiocarbon dating of one shell from a similar location also corroborates the OSL age while the age of another shell taken closer from the modern shoreline gives a date of 3.29±0.5 ka. The age of the deposits and morphology of the dunefield indicate that it was probably initiated on some form of barrier system at the end of the Holocene transgression.
Development of Groundwater Level Fluctuation Response System Subjected to Rainfall for Slope Stability Forecasting
Authors: Ng Soon Min , Ismail Mohd Ashraf Mohamad , Abustan Ismail
Published: December 2020

The rise of groundwater level in slope due to intense rainfall is one of the factors that can trigger slope failure. The groundwater level rise causes increase in the pore water pressure thus reducing the shear resistance of the soil. The purpose of this study is to present a groundwater level evaluation system in response to daily rainfall for slope stability forecasting. The system consists of three important components namely the conceptual multi tank model, unsaturated-saturated seepage flow analysis and stability analysis. The conceptual multi tank model was initially used to determine the fluctuations of groundwater level followed by the unsaturated-saturated seepage flow analysis to determine the pore water pressure distribution in the slope. Finally, the variation in factor of safety for the slope was determined by stability analysis corresponding to the seepage flow results. The performance of the evaluation system was demonstrated using a case study in Putrajaya, Malaysia. From this study, an early warning system can be developed for slope stability which is essential for disaster prevention during rainfall.
Characterizing natural degradation of tetrachloroethene (PCE) using a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Åkesson Sofia , Sparrenbom Charlotte J. , Paul Catherine J. , Jansson Robin , Holmstrand Henry
Published: December 2020

A site in mid-western Sweden contaminated with chlorinated solvents originating from a previous dry cleaning facility, was investigated using conventional groundwater analysis combined with compound-specific isotope data of carbon, microbial DNA analysis, and geoelectrical tomography techniques. We show the value of this multidisciplinary approach, as the different results supported each interpretation, and show where natural degradation occurs at the site. The zone where natural degradation occurred was identified in the transition between two geological units, where the change in hydraulic conductivity may have facilitated biofilm formation and microbial activity. This observation was confirmed by all methods and the examination of the impact of geological conditions on the biotransformation process was facilitated by the unique combination of the applied methods. There is thus significant benefit from deploying an extended array of methods for these investigations, with the potential to reduce costs involved in remediation of contaminated sediment and groundwater.
Robust and conductive hydrogel based on mussel adhesive chemistry for remote monitoring of body signals
Authors: Li Weijun , Liu Hao , Mi Yuanyuan , Zhang Miaoran , Shi Jinmiao , Zhao Ming , Ramos Melvin A. , Hu Travis Shihao , Li Jianxiong , Xu Meng , Xu Quan
Published: December 2020

There is a high demand for hydrogels with multifunctional performance (a combination of adhesive, mechanical, and electrical properties) in biological, tissue engineering, robotics, and smart device applications. However, a majority of existing hydrogels are relatively rigid and brittle, with limited stretchability; this hinders their application in the emerging field of flexible devices. In this study, cheap and abundant potato residues were used with polyacrylamide (PAM) to fabricate a multifunctional hydrogel, and chitosan was used for the design of a three-dimentional (3D) network-structured hydrogel. The as-prepared hydrogels exhibited excellent stretchability, with an extension exceeding 900% and a recovery degree of over 99%. Due to the combination of physical and chemical cross-linking properties and the introduction of dopamine, the designed hydrogel exhibits a remarkable self-healing ability (80% mechanical recovery in 2 h), high tensile strength (0.75 MPa), and ultra-stretchability (900%). The resultant products offer superior properties compared to those of previously reported tough and self-healing hydrogels for wound adhesion. Chitosan and potato residues were used as scaffold materials for the hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties. In addition, in vitro experiments show that these hydrogels feature excellent antibacterial properties, effectively hindering the reproduction of bacteria. Moreover, the ternary hydrogel can act as a strain sensor with high sensitivity and a gauge factor of 1.6. The proposed strategy is expected to serve as a reference for the development of green and recyclable conductive polymers to fabricate hydrogels. The proposed hydrogel can also act as a suitable strain sensor for bio-friendly devices such as smart wearable electronic devices and/or for health monitoring.
Multiscale study of the dynamic friction coefficient due to asperity plowing
Authors: Hu Jianqiao , Song Hengxu , Sandfeld Stefan , Liu Xiaoming , Wei Yueguang
Published: December 2020

A macroscopically nominal flat surface is rough at the nanoscale level and consists of nanoasperities. Therefore, the frictional properties of the macroscale-level rough surface are determined by the mechanical behaviors of nanoasperity contact pairs under shear. In this work, we first used molecular dynamics simulations to study the non-adhesive shear between single contact pairs. Subsequently, to estimate the friction coefficient of rough surfaces, we implemented the frictional behavior of a single contact pair into a Greenwood-Williamson-type statistical model. By employing the present multiscale approach, we used the size, rate, and orientation effects, which originated from nanoscale dislocation plasticity, to determine the dependence of the macroscale friction coefficient on system parameters, such as the surface roughness, separation, loading velocity, and direction. Our model predicts an unconventional dependence of the friction coefficient on the normal contact load, which has been observed in nanoscale frictional tests. Therefore, this model represents one step toward understanding some of the relevant macroscopic phenomena of surface friction at the nanoscale level.
Vicia sativa Roth. Can Reduce Soil and Water Losses in Recently Planted Vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Rodrigo-Comino Jesús , Terol Enric , Mora Gaspar , Giménez-Morera Antonio , Cerdà Artemi
Published: December 2020

Elevated soil loss and runoff rates can reduce soil fertility; therefore, soil erosion control strategies must be implemented at the hillslope and watershed scale when plantations are established and the soil is bare. In this research, we propose the use of the Vicia sativa Roth. to reduce the soil losses during the first year to control the peak of soil erosion after the plantation in tilled vineyards. To test its efficiency, rainfall simulation experiments were carried out with field surveys in The Casa Pago Gran, in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Our results demonstrate that soil properties (organic matter and soil bulk density) and soil erosion (soil loss, runoff and sediment concentration) were significantly different between the control plot (tilled) and with cover crops along with August 2016, 2017 and 2018 measurement periods, but not during January 2016, coinciding with the initial survey before the vetch sown. Runoff initiation was delayed in 3.7 times after 3 years (from 190 till 709 s). The runoff discharge was reduced by the Vicia sativa from 32.87 till 13.68%, the sediment concentration went down from 18.54 till 3.81 gr l−1 and the soil erosion from 3.36 to 0.29 Mg ha−1 year−1. An increase in soil bulk density was registered but did not affect the runoff generation either the soil losses, that was reduced by the plant cover. We conclude that it is necessary to include soil erosion control measures such as the use of Vicia sativa to reduce soil erosion processes during the first stages of the vineyard plantations due to the soil quality improvements and the reduction in soil and water losses.
The Impact of Heavy Snowfall on Home Care: A 2018 Case Study in Fukui City, Japan
Authors: Miyatake Hirotomo , Ozaki Akihiko , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Masunaga Hidehisa , Arita Satoshi , Beniya Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Little is known regarding how home care is affected by extreme weather. In February 2018, Fukui City in Japan experienced unprecedented levels of snowfall. We examined snowfall impact on the provision of home care to elucidate whether patients incurred any harm.

Methods:

A retrospective observational study using clinical and administrative records from a clinic in Fukui City was conducted on 294 patients (mean age = 69.9 ± 27.7 years; women = 60.5%, median age = 81). The study period was from February 5 to February 18, 2018. We analysed the patients’ characteristics, daily trend of planned/actual patient visits, emergency transportation situations, and local snow accumulation. We summarized the situation in the clinic.

Results:

There were 326 planned home visits, however only 121 (37%) occurred. Despite this, there were only 2 emergency transfers. Although the available clinical staff was limited, they managed to contact most patients via telephone and social networking services.

Conclusion:

Although the number of home visits dramatically decreased, the number of emergency transfers did not increase. This study therefore highlights the necessity for effective disaster preparation, such as assessment training, or use of telemedicine, and on-site decision-making to maintain home care during disasters.
Table olives and health: a review
Authors: Rocha Janete , Borges Nuno , Pinho Olívia
Published: December 2020

Table olives, a product of olive tree (Olea europaeaL.), is an important fermented product of the Mediterranean Diet. Agronomical factors, particularly the cultivar, the ripening stage and the processing method employed are the main factors influencing the nutritional and non-nutritional composition of table olives and their organoleptic properties. The important nutritional value of this product is due to its richness in monounsaturated fat (MUFA), mainly oleic acid, fibre and vitamin E together with the presence of several phytochemicals. Among these, hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the major phenolic compound present in all types of table olives. There is a scarcity ofin vitro,in vivoand human studies of table olives. This review focused comprehensively on the nutrients and bioactive compound content as well as the health benefits assigned to table olives. The possible health benefits associated with their consumption are thought to be primarily related to effects of MUFA on cardiovascular health, the antioxidant (AO) capacity of vitamin E and its role in protecting the body from oxidative damage and the anti-inflammatory and AO activities of HT. The influence of multiple factors on composition of the end product and the potential innovation in the production of table olives through the reduction of its final salt content was also discussed.
Louise Swinn, 'Choice Words: A Collection of Writing About Abortion', Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2019, 379 pp., ISBN: 9 7817 6087 5220, A$29.99.
Authors: Williams Blair
Published: December 2020

Louise Swinn, Choice Words: A Collection of Writing About Abortion, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2019, 379 pp., ISBN: 9 7817 6087 5220, A$29.99.
Constitutional Impediments to the Effective Review of Tax Cases in Nigeria by a Specialized Tax Court: Lessons from the United States and Canada
Authors: Odinkonigbo Jirinwayo Jude
Published: December 2020

The use of experts in the review of tax cases is recognized globally. Nigeria appears to appreciate the importance of this practice. However, several previous attempts to establish tax courts or tribunals have been frustrated due to a lack of constitutional support. In the search for a better model for Nigeria, this article examines the US and Canadian experiences of using specialized tax courts or tribunals to see what lessons Nigeria could learn. The two north American experiments justify the use of tax courts as better alternatives to what Nigeria currently has. In particular, the Canadian experience appears to be more suited to the Nigerian context. Therefore, it is argued that Nigeria's 1999 Constitution should be amended to establish a Tax Court of Nigeria, which should be recognized as a superior court of record.