bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pension System Methodology For Senior Citizens
Authors: NEGRU Titel
Published: August 2017

The need to reform pension systems is one of the key social challenges for policymakers in Europe. The demographic evolutions of the last 26 years, the changes in the Romanian economy and society influenced one particular category - the retired people. As population inactive, retired people represents important year category, their numbers being rather big in comparison with the population employed, the practical pensions contributors are at the bottom with their founds.
Studies On The Materiality And Aggregation, Compensation And Offsetting In Financial Statements
Authors: GADAU Liana
Published: August 2017

The accounting principles should be considered an essential element in the preparation and presentation of financial statements, with our analysis focusing especially on the relative principles: Materiality and aggregation, compensation and offsetting. We consider necessary to improve the analyzed concepts by bringing additional information, as clear and comprehensive as possible, information used as reference in the preparation of financial statements.  Moreover, is crucial to apply an unitary thinking of the accounting referential which is linked to these accounting principles.The research methods used in analyzing the principles are: documentation of theoretical study of normative acts in the field of accounting, observation, comparative analysis, synthesis, information classification and data interpretation.
General And Specific Features In Realizing An Essay In English Language – A Case Study Of Essay On Economic Themes
Authors: TASCOVICI Daliana Ecaterina , Dragomir Robert , PLATON Carolina
Published: August 2017

The present paper wants to be a systematic and not only a theoretical approach on essays. This type of writing knows several points of view connecting its form, content, specific features and types, rules to be observed in its writing, structures or styles.As we know, it implies freedom of composition, originality, associations of surprising images and propensity for aphorism.We try to frame all its specifications within the economic essay, as economics is a field of exact utterance, where the speaker cannot play with the words and their meaning.
STRATEGIC APPROACH TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN LOGISTICS
Authors: CHIRIMBU Sebastian , BURDA Alexandru
Published: August 2017

According to its mission, the fundamental purpose of logistics is to contribute to the achievement of customer services in terms of efficiency. Company's performance in the supply chain is given by the delivery service. It must be established from the way the company responds to every order received from the customer as a result of implementing a strategy consisting of a series of specific decisions. A higher level of service requires those decisions to permit the firm to meet an optimal service level and a complete customer satisfaction in terms of price, time value of the invoice, goods arrived safely at their destination. The level at which an order is satisfied is a measure of the performance of the supply chain of the company and of the strategy applied by the company for its management.
SITUATION OF REGULATIONS FOR HOLDING COMPANIES IN ROMANIA
Authors: Braga Viorica Filofteia , NAFTANAILA Cristina Alina , AVRAM Laurentia
Published: August 2017

In this article we present the tax facilities applicable to Romania on holding companies, ranking of the first 20 countries that investing in our country, their activities field and the necessity to approve the law holding company.
Foreword
Authors: Gurgu Elena
Published: August 2017

Economic snapshot for the major economies at the end of the first half of 2016 looks a little bit unexpected. Global growth remained tepid in the first half of 2016. An estimate produced by Focus Economics shows that the world’s GDP increased 2.4% year-on-year in Q2 2016, which followed a 2.5% rise in Q1. According to the estimate, global economic activity has been slowing uninterruptedly since Q1 2015 and Q2’s result marked the weakest rate since Q1 2013.
THE ADAPTATION OF PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT TO THE CURRENT REQUIREMENTS REPORTING OF THE PERFORMANCES
Authors: GADAU Liana
Published: August 2017

The financial performance - a very complex notion and high informational load forusers of accounting information is reflected best by the financial statements, the profit andloss account and the situation of equity variations. The last situation can be presented as astatement of comprehensive income, including beside the result of profit and loss account, thegains and losses directly recognized in equities without passing through the profit and lossaccount.The development of increasingly complex activities emphasizes the utility, thenecessity of the profit and loss account in the financial reporting by increasing the interest inthe enterprise performance, especially for the dynamic information that this situation canprovide.Meanwhile, there is a declining interest in the historical costs and static information.Although the balance sheet contains information on performance, it does not prevent theachievement of its forecasts.In this paper we propose to approach the profit and loss account in view of tworepresentative referential, namely in terms of IAS 1 standard “The preparation andpresentation of the financial statements” and the national regulation, the Finance Order no.1802/2014 regarding the Approval of the Accounting Regulations on the annual individualand consolidated financial statements, aiming to emphasize the advantages, but also thelimits provided by this models. This way, will see which of these models of profit and lossaccount respond best to users’ needs.
SPECIFIC SUBJECTS OF LICENSE ACADEMIC PROGRAM - AN IMPORTANT STAGE OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE MILITARY LEADERS AT NATIONAL MILITARY UNIVERSITY, BULGARIA
Authors: PETROVA Elitsa Stoyanova
Published: August 2017

On the basis of an approved request by the Head of National Military University it is conducting research on motivation in military formations of the example of Vasil Levski National Military University in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. Subject of the study is motivation for training and military activities of the cadets and the objects of the study are students in professional military direction in "Organization and management of military units at the tactical level," Land forces faculty at the National Military University of Bulgaria. The article presents results of the study at second item - "Do you agree that the study of specialized topics is an important stage of your professional development of future military leader?". The interviewees were cadets who graduated through the following academic years - 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016.
FOREWORD
Authors: GURGU Elena
Published: August 2017

FOREWORD
ADAPTATION AND PROGRESS THROUGH CHANGE MANAGEMENT
Authors: MEHEDINTU Gabriela , MUNTEANU Ana
Published: August 2017

The technological progress, digitization and the explosion of information significantly change how individuals, the business environment, and society act, develop and add value. New, interdisciplinary approaches, constantly adapted and sustainable both at the micro and the macro levels are required. Within a company, change management is a systematic element of the strategic business process and involves the early identification of the opportunity of the employees’ development, courage, commitment and flexibility; under no circumstances should it be seen as a risk and instability factor, as it may be considered in the early stages. The example presented in this article proves that the openness to change and continuous improvement develops advantages, optimizes processes and sustains long-term progress.
OPERATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT AS A PART OF SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
Authors: PETROVA Elitsa Stoyanova , NICHEV Nikolay
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe current scientific publication follows the invitation of scientists from the University of Defense in the Czech Republic, Brno for joint international study on economic diplomacy and peacekeeping. The paper presents the role of the Bulgarian army in the operations of international crisis management as part of the security and defense policy of the country, and characteristics of the activities of armed forces in international operations for crisis management. The article focuses on national contribution to international efforts in support of peace and stability, the legal basis for the participation of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria in allied and coalition operations and support operations and military participation of the Republic of Bulgaria in international missions and operations.
FOREWORD
Authors: Gurgu Elena
Published: August 2017

After a year in which Romania achieved the fastest growing economy in the European Union, 2017 comes with a unique set of challenges.In 2016, the economy was the main driver of consumption and economic analysts expect it to slow down, while prices will increase. The government estimated an increase of 5% for the Romanian economy in 2017, but the World Bank warns that this could be too optimistic and expects an advance of only 3.4% of the economy. However, growth remains above the EU average, which is why 2017 could be a year at least as good as 2016. ...
THE ROLE AND INVOLVEMENT OF BUSINESS AND INSTITUTIONAL OPERATORS IN PROMOTING LOCAL INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH BY ACCESSING AND USING GRANTS. MEASURES AND COURSES OF ACTION
Authors: Gabroveanu (Vladoi) Janina Mirela , Stefanescu Alexandru
Published: August 2017

Starting from the premise that sustainable development is an overall objective of EU Member States,that can be achieved through international cooperation that aims at economic growth, social development and environmental protection, the European Commission analyzed the socio-economic and investment context of the member states, identified risks and opportunities and made some recommendations.This paper presents the best practices of the European funding system to improve the accountability of business or institutional operators accessing European funds and the measures taken by some Member States for good governance.We emphasize the need to know the socio-economic and investment context by all stakeholders and initiate concrete measures of action to ensure real and sustainable economic growth by identifying feasible and lasting solutions; what is the role of business or institutional operators at local and regional level and how it could ensure good governance at local and regional level by applying for grants.
Foreword
Authors: Gurgu Elena
Published: August 2017

In the middle of 2017, global activity is firming broadly as expected. Manufacturing and trade are picking up, confidence is improving and international financing conditions remain benign. Global growth is projected to strengthen to 2.7 percent in 2017 and 2.9 percent in 2018-19, in line with OECD January forecasts. In emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), growth is predicted to recover to 4.1 percent in 2017 and reach an average of 4.6 percent in 2018-19, as obstacles to growth in commodity exporters diminish, while activity in commodity importers continues to be robust. Risks to the global outlook remain tilted to the downside. These include increased trade protectionism, elevated economic policy uncertainty, the possibility of financial market disruptions, and, over the longer term, weaker potential growth. .....
CULTURAL DUE DILIGENCE IN M&A. IMPORTANCE OF SOFT RISKS FACTORS
Authors: Warter Iulian , Warter Liviu
Published: August 2017

During the last decades, the corporate world has witnessed a significant rise in the number of cross border mergers and acquisitions (M&As).In cross border M&As, not only different corporate cultures collide, but also different professional and national cultures.The purpose of Cultural Due Diligence (CDD) is to get a coherent image of the intercultural challenges of the M&A in order to be aware of the intercultural risks and opportunities.This article aims to reveal the perception of managers involved in the pre-M&A stage on the soft risks factors that need to be investigated during CDD.This study proposes an appraisal of the most important intercultural issues that need to be considered in M&A.Our contribution to the intercultural aspects of M&A literature consists in improving the current understanding of Cultural Due Diligence content.
HOW TO DESIGN A WEB SURVEY USING SPRING BOOT WITH MYSQL: A ROMANIAN NETWORK CASE STUDY
Authors: Bucea-Manea-Țoniș Radu , Tonis (Bucea-Manea) Rocsana
Published: August 2017

The article presents a survey applied on a representative sample of Romanian SMEs. The article represents a case study and focus on technical elements that allow collecting data from Romanian SMEs managers and save it in a MySql database. The Back-End component is developed with the newest Spring Boot MVC.
EFFECT OF INVESTOR SENTIMENT ON FUTURE RETURNS IN THE NIGERIAN STOCK MARKET
Authors: Alajekwu Udoka Bernard , OBIALOR Michael Chukwumee , OKORO Cyprian Okey
Published: August 2017

The study examined the effect of investor sentiment on future returns in the Nigerian stock market. The OLS regression and granger causality techniques were employed for data analyses. The results showed that (1) investor sentiment has a significant positive effect on stock market returns even after control for fundamentals such as Industrial production index, consumer price index and Treasury bill rate; (2) there is a uni-directional causality that runs from change in investor sentiment (ΔCCI) to stock market returns (Rm). Derived finding showed that the inclusion of fundamentals increased the explanatory power of investor sentiment from 3.96% to 33.05%, though at both level, investor sentiment (ΔCCI) has low explanatory power on stock market returns. The study posits existence of a dynamic relationship between investor sentiment and the behaviour of stock future returns in Nigeria such that higher sentiment concurrently leads to higher stock prices.
EMERGENT GENDER RELATIONS IN FEMALE EMPLOYMENT WITHIN THE SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN RURAL INDIA
Authors: Bhaduri Sanghamitra Kanjilal
Published: August 2017

The paper has presented an empirical picture of inequalities, both within and outside the labour market for women, from gender relations emerging within the framework of overlapping social stratification in rural India. Analysis is based on secondary data, where the emphasis is not only on measurement of quantitative variables, but also on the interactions between various qualitative, socio-economic and socio-cultural variables. Main finding of the present study is that the participation of women in labour force varies across economic classes, social groups, religions, regions and the rural urban divide. Factors determining labour supply decisions of women are different from those of men. Interconnectedness of female employment with other social parameters which are outside the realm of the standard labour market analysis gets highlighted in the study.
Decisões Judiciais
Authors: Neves Eduardo
Published: August 2017

A definição da fronteira entre a aplicação do Direito e a criação do Direito por via jurisprudencial é questão que tem apaixonado muitas gerações de juristas e tem raízes históricas profundas. Apesar deste intenso labor de tantos príncipes das letras jurídicas e do já inabarcável conjunto de textos que trataram do assunto, pareceu-nos válido dedicarmo-nos à «fadigosa» tarefa de revolver a sua complexidade.
O Perfil do Profissional de Marketing em Portugal
Authors: Santos J. Freitas , Vieira Isabel
Published: August 2017

In this article we undertake an analysis concerning the evolulion of the concept of marketing and the profession of marketeer in Portugal. We, also, present lhe results of the analysis of the job demands in this area, published in the Jornal Expresso, between 1997 and 2001. The results obtained allow us to draw the profile of lhe marketing professional from the point of view of the employer, which is a crucial element to improve the curricula development and monitoring the labour market.
Discussão do Estudo Apresentado pelo Doutor José de Campos Amorim nas Provas para Professor-Adjunto do Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto na Área de Direito
Authors: Guichard Raul
Published: August 2017

Na repartição de tarefas entre os membros do Júri, coube-me a discussão do estudo proposto pelo Doutor José de Campos Amorim. O qual se intitula «A Protecção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem». No entanto, mesmo quem só compulse as 98 páginas pelas quais se estende o trabalho - incluindo a «Bibliografia» e um índice, designa­do sumário pelo autor- logo se apercebe restringir-se o tema tratado à Convenção para a Protecção dos Direitos do Homem e das Liberdades Fundamentais (que doravante designo apenas por Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem- CEDH ou, tão-só, por Convenção), mais propriamente, ao conteúdo da sua regulamentação material ou dos direitos nela (e nos respectivos Protoclos) consagrados.
Outcome of the Treatment of Distal Tibia Fractures by Minimal Invasive Locked Plate – A Short Term Study
Authors: Jha Ranjib Kumar , Gupta Yogendra , Karn Navin
Published: August 2017

Background :Treatment of fracture distal tibia is challenging. Classic open reduction and internal plate fixation requires extensive soft tissue dissection and causes periosteal injury. The locking screw-plate interface allows fracture fixation without plate–bone adherence, thus preserving the fracture hematoma, and reduces the risk of nonunion by maintaining microvascular circulation within the cortex and its investing tissues.Material & Methods: This study included 33 patients of age between 18 to 62 years with extra-articular and simple intra-articular fracture of distal tibia. All fractures were fixed by minimally invasive technique with pre-countered distal tibia locking plate under image intensifier control. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale was used for functional assessment.Results: Out of 33 there were twelve 43-A1, five A2, five A3, five B1, three B2, two C, one C2 fractures. There were 29 closed fracture and four open fracture (three type I and one type II). The overall mean time of union was 16.3 weeks. The mean AOFAS score was 93 points. In all 30 cases there were no wound problems, whereas three cases had superficial wound infection. No any cases needed secondary procedure for healing of bone.Conclusion: The short-term results shows that minimally invasive locked plating is good solution for the challenging distal tibia fracture. This technique minimizes soft tissue complication and provides good union and functional outcome.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 12-19
Knowledge of Primary School Teacher Regarding Learning Disabilities in School Children
Authors: Ghimire Sasmita
Published: August 2017

Background: Learning disability refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by difficulty in reading, writing, spelling and reasoning ability. It usually show up when a child has difficulty reading, speaking, writing, figuring out a math problem, communicating with parents or paying attention in class. Children with learning disability can succeed in school and can have successful career in life if right support and intervention is provided to them.Material & Methods: Quantitative approach with Descriptive crosssectional design was used to assess the knowledge of primary school teachers. A structured knowledge questionnaire was developed focusing on learning disabilities. The study was carried out in 16 schools of Dharan, Nepal. About 150 primary school teachers were selected by convenience sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect needed data on knowledge of primary school teachers. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Majority, 79 (52.67%) of the primary school teachers had moderately adequate knowledge and 71 (47.33%) had inadequate knowledge regarding learning disabilities. There was a significant association of knowledge of primary school teachers with demographic variables such as class involved in teaching.Conclusion: The school teachers have inadequate knowledge regarding learning disabilities. The teachers play an important role in identifying learning disabilities in school children at initial state. The children with learning difficulties should be helped at early stage and proper training and guidance should be provided to them.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page:
Comparative Study of Angle of Inclination and Neck Length of Dry Femur
Authors: Adhikari Rakesh Kumar , Yadav Binita , Yadav Subodh Kumar , Singh Arun Chandra
Published: August 2017

Background : The angle of inclination of the femur is the angle formed between long axis of neck of femur and long axis of the shaft of femur. The average angle of inclination (neck–shaft angle) is 126°, ranging from 115° to 140° in the adult population. As with the angle of inclination of the humerus, the angle of inclination of the femur varies among individuals and also from side to side. The aim of this study was to determine the Angle of inclination and neck length of Femur.Material & Methods: A total of 50 dry femora (25right and 25 left) of nobel medical college was cross sectionally studied with random sampling without knowing the sex & age of bone. The angle formed between long axis of neck and long axis of the shaft of femur was measured with the help of goniometer. The neck length was measured with the help of sliding calliper.Results: The mean angle of inclination was 128.98±4.55 degrees, on the right side was129.84±5.22 degrees and on the left side was 128.12±3.66degrees. The difference in the mean angle of inclination of right and the left side was found to be statistically insignificant (p value> 0.05). The mean neck length femur was 2.93 ±0.24cm, right femur was 3.06±0.19cm and left femur was 2.80±0.21cm. The difference in the mean neck neck length of the right and the left side was found to be statistically insignificant (p value> 0.05).Conclusion: The Angle of Inclination of Femur and neck length of femur in present study had no remarkable dissimilarity with the results observed in the studies conducted in Nepal and neighbouring countries. In the study there was no statistical significant difference between the neck-shaft angle and neck length of femur of right and left side of the femur but there was positive correlation between angle of inclination and neck length of femur.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 44-47
Epidemiology of Orthopaedic Admissions at A Teaching Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Mishra Bibhuti Nath , Jha Anuja , Gupta Yogendra
Published: August 2017

Background: There are many other reasons besides fracture for which a patient could potentially be admitted to orthopaedic inpatient care. The goal of this retrospective review was to analyze the spectrum of orthopaedic admissions to a tertiary level teaching hospital of Nepal.Material & Methods: This retrospective descriptive epidemiological study was based on patients admitted for orthopaedic inpatient care at a tertiary level health care center of eastern Nepal. Registry data of 1 year was used to analyze the spectrum of orthopaedic admissions.Results: Male admission outnumbered females with a ratio of 1.82:1. Trauma accounted to majority of Orthopaedic admissions (67.9%) and Infection lied second in order (12.4%). Upper and Lower limb fractures (with right sided dominance) contributed to highest numbers of trauma respectively. Incidence of closed to open fracture was 5.45:1. More than half of trauma and fractures involved the 10 – 39 years age group with predominance in 10-19 years. Fracture incidence was higher among men than women until 59 years of age after which the gender ratio reversed.Conclusions: Leading cause for orthopaedic admission was Trauma accounting more than 2/3 of the total. Biasness in gender admission reflects true picture of male dominated society. Upper limb injury, right side and closed fractures were dominating. Sexual dimorphism was apparent in fractures which may be due to higher rates of Osteoporotic fractures in elderly females.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 56-62
Hysterosalpingographic Evaluation of Uterus and Fallopian Tubes of Infertile Women
Authors: Bhattarai Manoj , Pokhrel Ghimire Sita
Published: August 2017

Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a routinely performed radiological investigation for evaluation of uterine cavity morphology and fallopian tube patency in infertile women. This study was undertaken to describe patterns of HSG findings and to assess any significant difference in uterine and fallopian tube findings in women with primary and secondary infertility in eastern part of Nepal.Material and Methods: Hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted by retrospectively analyzing HSG records of 216 infertile women (both primary and secondary infertility) done from April 2014 to August 2016. Radiological findings in uterus and fallopian tubes were recorded and analyzed. Association between two categorical variables was examined by Chi-square test.Results: Majority of infertile women (53.2%) had primary infertility. Abnormal HSG was seen in 44.9% infertile women and higher in secondary infertility (57.4%) than with primary infertility (33.9%) (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.51 – 4.57, P value = 0.001). Tubal abnormality was common than uterine abnormality (36.1% versus 8.8%, P value= 0.001). Tubal abnormalities were higher in women with secondary infertility than with primary infertility (52.5% versus 21.7%), whereas uterine abnormalities were common with primary infertility compared to secondary infertility (12.2% versus 5.0%) (P value= 0.001).Conclusion: Abnormal HSG was more associated with secondary infertility. Infertility was significantly associated with tubal abnormality than with uterine abnormality. Tubal abnormalities are common in women with secondary infertility whereas uterine abnormalities are common in women with primary infertility and are statistically significant.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 63-71
In Situ Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and ESWL after Push Back For Upper Ureteric Calculi: A Comparative Study
Authors: Regmi Sunil , Adhikari Sunil Chandra , Singh Rabin Raj , Bastakoti Rabi , Yadav Saroj
Published: August 2017

Background: ESWL is one of the most important modality for the treatment of urolithiasis. In situ ESWL is a non-invasive and safe procedure for renal and upper ureteric stones in selected cases & can be performed on outpatient basis. However, some urologists claim a higher success rate of ESWL after push back procedures for upper ureteric calculi.Materials & Methods: This prospective study was done to compare the results of treatment of upper ureteral calculi by in situ ESWL and ESWL after push back. 90 consenting patients with single upper ureteric stones of ≤ 1 cm in size with no distal obstruction were selected and divided into two groups. 50 patients in group 1 were treated by in situ ESWL while 40 patients in group 2 were treated by push back followed by ESWL.Results: Better clearance was achieved with ESWL after push back (92.5% clearance after 90 days) than with in situ ESWL (90% clearance after 90 days) but it was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean shock wave was 1994 ± 449 for in situ ESWL group and 1757.5 ± 255 for ESWL after push back group, which was statistically very significant (p<0.01). The mean energy used was 5.07 ± 0.81 in the in situ ESWL group and 4.6 ± 0.48 in ESWL after push back group and this difference was also statistically significant (p<0.01). Post procedure complications like loin pain, hematuria, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and fever were more common in ESWL after push back group than in the in situ ESWL group and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion: In situ ESWL is a better option than ESWL after push back for the management of upper ureteric stones in selected group of patients. Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), page: 72-76
Comparison of Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Hypodontia Patients and Patients with Acquired Missing Teeth
Authors: Chhetri Shanti , Ullah Khan Muhammad Waseem , Yazdanie Nazia
Published: August 2017

Background: Hypodontia is the developmental absence of one or more teeth from the dentition whereas acquired missing teeth are those lost due to carries, periodontal problem or dental trauma. Patients with congenitally missing teeth suffer aesthetic, functional and psychological morbidity to various degree through childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Greater understanding of the impact of hypodontia on patient’s quality of life is very important. Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) is considered as an outcome measure to evaluate the consequences of edentulism and the available treatment options.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative survey was carried out in the department of Prosthodontics, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore from 02/03/2010 to 01/09/2010. Total 80 partially dentate patients were studied which included 40 hypodontia patients and 40 patients with acquired missing teeth. All patients were given OHIP-14 questionnaire and responses were recorded on 5-point Likert scale. The mean scores of the two groups were calculated and compared using chi square test.Results: The total OHIP scores in hypodontia patients was more compared to that in patients with acquired missing teeth and difference was significant in the patient group with 4-5 missing teeth.Conclusion: As the missing teeth number increased, it was found that the OHRQoL in hypodontia patients was more impaired compared to the OHRQoL in patients with acquired missing teeth. Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 77-82
“In the Field of Espionage, There's No Such Thing as Peacetime”: The Official Secrets Act and the picnic Wiretapping Program
Authors: Molinaro Dennis
Published: August 2017

In 1951, the Canadian government created Privy Council Order 3486 (pc 3486) in order to engage in a covert phone-tapping program against individuals, organizations, and foreign governments (embassies) on Canadian soil. The program was codenamed “picnic” and was run by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (rcmp), Canada's then security service, specifically out of the Special Branch. In consultation with the rcmp, the government decided to continue the phone tapping indefinitely, with the rcmp writing warrants instead of a judge. After 1953 covert wiretapping continued through Section 11 of Canada's Official Secrets Act. I argue that security can be understood and interpreted as an ideological construct. What did security mean in this period to the government and its intelligence services? Security was knowledge, in terms of safeguarding and hiding it and secretly collecting it. The article reveals the construction of state apparatus separated from the country's legislative branch and changes our understanding of surveillance in the Cold War. In terms of wiretapping, the rcmp was not “going rogue” in its targeting of individuals in the Cold War, they were following orders.
Scholarship on Moroccan Jews in Canada: Multidisciplinary, Multilingual, and Diasporic
Authors: Cohen Yolande , Schwartz Stephanie Tara
Published: August 2017

A historiography on Moroccan Jews in Canada (1960–2015) offers an exemplary case study of conducting comprehensive research on religious and ethnic minorities within a Canadian national framework. To find literature on this community, one must take a multinational, multidisciplinary, and multilingual approach. This mirrors the diasporic reality of Moroccan Jews, themselves dispersed from Morocco to Israel, France, Canada, and beyond. Scholarship on Moroccan Jews in Canada must cross the linguistic divides of Quebec and Ontario, as the majority francophone, but also Spanish- and Judeo-Arabic-speaking, population settled predominantly in Montreal followed by Toronto. In an attempt to examine Moroccan Jews as part of Canadian and Quebec history, the authors examined over 130 articles for this study—mostly regarding Moroccan Jews in Montreal, but these also included some key works in Canadian Jewish studies and Quebec studies. In what follows, we analyze the chronology of these works in relation to broader trends in Canadian Jewish studies and Quebec studies. The trends in the growth of studies on Moroccan Jews in Canada have been divided into roughly four overlapping periods: immigration and integration (1960s to 1970s); recognition and rapprochement (1980s); multi-culturalism, interculturalism, and the production of ethnicity (1990s); and memory, identity, and religion (2000s to present).
Enhancing mechanical properties of wires by a novel continuous severe plastic deformation method
Authors: Pourbashiri Mojtaba , Sedighi Mohammad , Poletti Cecilia , Sommitsch Christof
Published: August 2017

Commercially pure Al wires are severely plastic deformed by a novel method called equal channel angular torsion drawing (ECATD) up to four passes. Initial wires are drawn through an equal channel angular die and simultaneously torsion deformed by turning the ECATD die. The wires are deformed up to an equivalent strain of 1 to 4 (based on FE result) at room temperature. The microstructural evolution of the wires is investigated using optical microscopy of both longitudinal and transverse cross-sections. A grain refinement from 100 μm to a mean grain size of 1–10 μm is achieved mainly at the areas near the surface of the wires. A decreasing trend of grain refinement is observed from the edge area to the wire center due to the non-uniform strain distribution, resulting in an inhomogeneous hardness. A significant increase in hardness is obtained from ∼22 HV to ∼43 HV at the wire center and to ∼60 HV at the wire edge, this confirms simulated equivalent plastic strain. The most important advantage of this process is the ability to impose continuous large plastic deformation on wires. It can be used as an industrial method for continuous strain hardening and grain refinement of wires.
Rapid nickel diffusion in cold-worked type 316 austenitic steel at 360–500 °C
Authors: Arioka Koji , Iijima Yoshiaki , Miyamoto Tomoki
Published: August 2017

The diffusion coefficient of nickel in cold-worked Type 316 austenitic steel was determined by the diffusion couple method in the temperature range between 360 and 500 °C. A diffusion couple was prepared by electroless nickel plating on the surface of a 20 % cold-worked Type 316 austenitic steel specimen. The growth in width of the interdiffusion zone was proportional to the square root of diffusion time until 14 055 h. The diffusion coefficient of nickel (D
Ni) in cold-worked Type 316 austenitic steel was determined by extrapolating the concentration-dependent interdiffusion coefficient to 11 at.% of nickel. The value of D
Ni at 360 °C was about 5 000 times higher than the lattice diffusion coefficient of nickel in Type 316 austenitic steel. The determined activation energy 117 kJ mol−1 was 46.6 % of the activation energy 251 kJ mol−1 for the lattice diffusion of nickel in Type 316 austenitic steel.
The Natural Product Curcumin as a Potential Coadjuvant in Alzheimer’s Treatment
Authors: Morales Inelia , Cerda-Troncoso Cristóbal , Andrade Víctor , Maccioni Ricardo B.
Published: August 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive cognitive impairment of patients, affecting around 12% of people older than 65 years old. WHO estimated that over 48.6 million all over the world suffer this disease. On the basis of cumulative results on our research, we have postulated the neuroimmunomodulation hypothesis that appears to provide a reasonable explanation of both the preclinical and clinical observations. In this context, the long-term activation of the innate immune system triggers an anomalous cascade of molecular signals, finally leading to tau oligomerization in the pathway to neuronal degeneration. In the present scenario of the failure of many anti-AD drugs, nutraceutical compounds provide an avenue for AD prevention and possibly as coadjuvants in the treatment of this disease. Recent discoveries point to the relevance of curcumin, a natural anti-inflammatory agent, in controlling oxidative stress and improving cholinergic function in the brain, even though the mechanisms underlying these actions are unknown. We investigated the effects of curcumin in cultures of neuronal cells. For this study, we exposed cells to prooxidant conditions, both in the presence and absence of curcumin. Our data reveal that curcumin exert a strong neuroprotective effect in N2a cells, thus preventing toxicity by oxidative agents H2O2 and Fe+3. This is supported by results that indicate that curcumin control the neurodegenerative effects of both oxidative agents, relieving cells from the loss of neuritogenic processes induced by prooxidants. In addition, curcumin was able to slow down the tau aggregation curve and disassemble tau pathological oligomeric structures. Data suggest that curcumin could be a potential compound for prevention of cognitive disorders associated with AD.
Evaluation of wall thinning defect in magnetic material based on PECT method under magnetic saturation
Authors: Xie Shejuan , Tian Mingming , Chen Hong-En , Zhao Ying , Wu Lei , Chen Zhenmao , Uchimoto Tetsuya , Takagi Toshiyuki
Published: August 2017

One of the major safety issues in nuclear power plants is pipe wall thinning where the pipe is mainly of magnetic material. Due to the large magnetic relative permeability of piping and the skin depth effect, the conventional PECT method is difficult for detecting the opposite side wall thinning. In this study, a pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) method under magnetic saturation was proposed and validated through numerical simulations and experiments. First, the mechanism of how magnetic saturation can increase the skin depth was studied through numerical simulation with help of COMSOL Multiphysics software. Second, the detection sensitivity of magnetic field signal and voltage signal for wall thinning defect of specimens with various magnetic permeability was investigated through numerical simulation. Finally, the experiments of magnetic saturation PECT were conducted, and the feasibility and superiority of the proposed magnetic saturation PECT method were demonstrated.
Nanocrystalline foil sensors for local detection of in-plane magnetic flux in laminated machine cores
Authors: Shilyashki Georgi , Pfützner Helmut
Published: August 2017

Recently, we presented a novel tangential induction sensor for measurements of local induction values in soft magnetic lamination of machine cores. In contrast to traditional tangential field-coil sensors, it exhibits a soft magnetic ribbon as a nucleus. Sensors with SiFe ribbon were effectively tested for transformer core surfaces, while showing poor reproducibility in the interior. Also tests with thin Fe-based amorphous ribbons proved to lack reproducibility, mechanical stress through core clamping causing magneto-elastic effects. An alternative would be Co-based amorphous ribbons of minimum magnetostriction, however, linked with low saturation magnetization. As an optimum solution, we present here nanocrystalline ribbons of 20 [Formula: see text]m thickness, combining high permeability, high saturation magnetization and almost zero-magnetostriction. The tendency of saturation due to very high permeability is met by optimized shortening of the nucleus, the demagnetizing effect offering good performance in a wide range of induction. Assembling by a combined 3D/2D printing procedure promises a total sensor thickness of the order of 100 [Formula: see text]m. Prototypes were effectively tested in the interior of a 3-package transformer core. While earlier sensors were restricted to peak induction measurements, the nanocrystalline ones offer detection of the waveform of local inductions. For the first time, measurements are possible in completely non-destructive way.
Investigation of a measurement method of 2-D magnetic properties by means of 1-D single sheet tester
Authors: Kimura Yusuke , Takahashi Yasuhito , Fujiwara Koji
Published: August 2017

Although two-dimensional (2-D) magnetic properties can be measured by using a 2-D single sheet tester (SST), the construction of the reliable 2-D SST is considerably difficult. By contrast, the flux density and magnetic field parallel to the excitation direction can be measured in a normal one-dimensional (1-D) SST. If the average flux density points toward the excitation direction in a specimen with any inclination angle from its rolling direction, the magnetic energy can be defined and therefore 2-D magnetic properties can be calculated by means of an energy-based modelling method. However, the direction of the flux density and magnetic field in the 1-D SST has not been deeply discussed when a specimen with any inclination angle is measured. In this paper, the behavior of the flux density and the magnetic field strength is examined by using 1-D SST. The direction of the flux density is measured by using a pair of cross B-coils. The direction of the magnetic field strength is measured by using a pair of cross H-coils. The effect of the specimen width on the distribution of flux density is also investigated by using a magnetic field analysis. As a result, when a pair of cross H-coils is adopted to a specimen with appropriate aspect ratio, 2-D magnetic properties can be measured by means of the 1-D SST.
Effective versus standard Epstein loss figure in Fe-Si sheets
Authors: Ferrara Enzo , Appino Carlo , Rocchino Luciano , Ragusa Carlo , de la Barrière Olivier , Fiorillo Fausto
Published: August 2017

The magnetic power losses have been measured at 50 Hz and different peak polarization values on different types of non-oriented and grain-oriented Fe-Si sheets using the Epstein frame, according to the current standards. The very same measurements have then been repeated by measuring polarization and tangential magnetic field by means of localized windings, centrally placed on the strips inside the Epstein frame windings, thereby retrieving the effective field and the true power loss figure. It is obtained that the ratio of the standard [Formula: see text] to the effective [Formula: see text] loss figure, which can be interpreted in terms of ratio of effective [Formula: see text] to conventional ([Formula: see text] 0.94 m) magnetic path length, evolves with the peak polarization [Formula: see text], showing, in general, a monotonic increase with increasing [Formula: see text]. The deviation of [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] is observed to range from about [Formula: see text]3% in the non-oriented alloys at low inductions to about [Formula: see text]5% in the grain-oriented alloys at [Formula: see text] 1.8 T. This behavior finds a rationale in the existence of a polarization profile [Formula: see text] measured along the strip length and in the dependence of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], showing a power law [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]1 and increasing with [Formula: see text]. The so calculated effective path length [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] consistently shows a monotonic increase with [Formula: see text], which is more relevant in the GO alloys.
Electromagnetic testing of a welding area using a magnetic sensor array
Authors: Le Minhhuy , Kim Jungmin , Yang Dongcheol , Lee Heejong , Lee Jinyi
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an electromagnetic testing method for the inspection of cracks in an overlay welding area. The overlay welding method is usually used to repair failure welds in a structure in which the components are difficult and expensive to replace. The inspection system uses an air-core exciting coil to produce an electromagnetic field in the overlay welding area and a linearly integrated giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor array (LIGiS) to measure the distribution of the electromagnetic field around the cracks; thus, the cracks can be inspected. The LIGiS is fabricated using 32 GMR sensor elements arrayed at 0.6 mm intervals. Artificial cracks with different sizes, orientations, and locations on the crisp surface of an overlay welding sample are tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Finite element method of nonlinear magnetic field computation embedded with different vector Jiles-Atherton hysteresis models
Authors: Li Wei , Fu Weinong
Published: August 2017

Finite element method (FEM) of nonlinear magnetic field computation embedded with different vector Jiles-Atherton (J-A) hysteresis models is investigated in this paper. Newton’s method is adopted to do the nonlinear iteration. Both scalar and vector J-A models are incorporated into the FEM computation. The TEAM workshop problem 32 is used as a numerical example. The computed results are compared with the measured ones, which shows the effectiveness of the developed algorithm. The specifics of different vector J-A models are pointed out from the viewpoints of modelling accuracy and convergence performance.
Comprehensive magnetic properties measurement of the laminated silicon steel by 3-D magnetic tester
Authors: Li Yongjian , Wang Lixiang , Yang Qingxin , Zhu Jianguo , Zhang Changgeng
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic tester with symmetrical orthogonal excitation structure and cubic field-metric sensing structure is designed and analyzed. Automatic measurement system, which includes feedback control method, harmonics compensation, and automatic data processing is developed for the 3-D magnetic tester. In order to improve the measurement precision, cross effects of the magnetic fields in three principal directions are concerned, and error mitigation methods which fit for different excitation models are proposed. Magnetic properties of typical grain-oriented (GO) and non-grain-oriented (NGO) laminated silicon steel specimens under alternating and rotating excitations are measured and analyzed by using the designed 3-D magnetic tester.
An anisotropic magnetostriction model based on BP neural network combining Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Zhou Hang , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Dianhai , Ren Ziyan , Xie Dexin
Published: August 2017

In this paper, the dynamic magnetostriction of the electrical steel sheet is measured by a triaxial strain gauge based on a single-sheet tester under the alternating magnetic flux condition. The anisotropic magnetostriction property is analyzed, and an improved back propagation neural network assisted model is applied to model the anisotropic principal strain of magnetostriction along different excitation directions. To keep the evaluation cost at an acceptable level, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm combined with particle swarm optimization is developed. Finally, the proposed model is verified by comparing the measured magnetostriction and computed one.
Generalization of Series Elastic Actuator Configurations and Dynamic Behavior Comparison
Authors: Lee Chan , Kwak Suhui , Kwak Jihoo , Oh Sehoon
Published: August 2017

The Series Elastic Actuator (SEA) has recently been developed by many research groups and applied in various fields. As SEA is the combination of motor, spring, gear and load, various types and configurations of mechanism have been developed as SEAs to satisfy many requirements necessary for the applications. This paper provides a theoretical framework to categorize and compare these various configurations of SEAs. The general structure and model of SEA is provided, and SEA configurations are categorized into Force-sensing Series Elastic Actuator, Reaction Force-sensing Series Elastic Actuator and Transmitted Force-sensing Series Elastic Actuator, based on the relative location of the spring. Criteria such as Force sensitivity, Compliance and Transmissibility of SEA are derived and compared using actual SEAs that have been developed previously.