bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative reduplicative paramnesia in a patient with a right frontotemporal lesion
Authors: YAMADA Makiko , MURAI Toshiya , OHIGASHI Yoshitaka
Published: February 2004

Reduplicative paramnesia (RP) is a well recognized neurological phenomenon, characterized by a false belief that a familiar person or place has been duplicated. In the development of RP, right‐dominant frontal lesions are commonly observed. We report a 73‐year‐old woman who developed reduplication of people and places 3 months after the surgical removal of a large right frontotemporal meningioma. About 1 year after the surgery, her RP diminished after a small dose of risperidone. Neuropsychological evaluation was performed before surgery, after surgery when RP was present and again after recovery of RP. In accordance with the literature, the present case study suggests that a right hemispheric lesion is the essential neuroanatomical substrate in the development of RP. However, no single neuropsychological factor can fully explain the development and resolution of RP. Multiple factors, including neuroanatomical, cognitive and environmental factors seem to be dynamically involved.
Analysis of psychogeriatric patients in the psychiatric emergency system
Authors: NIIZATO Kazuhiro , SUZUKI Miho , KAWADA Fukashi , OSHIMA Kenichi , MATSUSHITA Masaaki
Published: February 2004

Background:  To date, there have been few studies about elderly psychiatric patients using psychiatric emergency services. In the present study, we analyze data from the Tokyo metropolitan psychiatric emergency system and the Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital to examine the clinical features and social factors of elderly psychiatric patients hospitalized in psychiatric emergency units.

Methods:  Over a 4 year period, from April 1998 to March 2001, there were 7971 patients (4520 men, 3451 women) who used the Tokyo Metropolitan Government's psychiatric emergency system. Of these 584 patients (337 men, 247 women) were elderly, over 60 years. Of these geriatric patients, 72 (45 men, average age 74.4 years; 27 women, average age 76.0 years) were received at Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital from January 1999 to December 2001. The present study examines the reasons for hospitalization, legally mandated admission, diagnosis, psychiatric symptoms at admission, inappropriate behaviors, family status and disease complications.

Results:  Epidemiological data showed that the number of geriatric patients has increased annually and the distribution of elderly patients’ diagnoses is entirely different from that of younger or middle‐aged patients’. Almost all geriatric patients were under mandatory hospitalization by Law Related to Mental Health and Welfare of the Person with Mental Disorder. Psychiatric symptoms and inappropriate behaviors were considered to be highly severe, like those of younger patients.

Conclusion:  The importance of psychiatric emergency care for geriatric patients is strongly recognized by the present study. It is necessary to improve the present psychiatric medical system to develop a suitable and desirable system to care for geriatric patients.
Tiapride for pathological jealousy (Othello syndrome) in elderly patients
Authors: MUKAI Taijiro
Published: February 2004

Pathological jealousy can be seen in all generations. It is known to be difficult to treat, especially in older patients. In middle‐aged patients, it is commonly treated with neuroleptics like pimozide but in elder patients treatment options are limited because of the adverse side‐effects of neuroleptics, such as extrapyramidal syndrome. The present study documents the successful treatment of a 98‐year‐old Japanese man who showed pathological jealousy using tiapride without any adverse side‐effects. Concluding that tiapride might be considered the medicine of choice in all kinds of monodelusional disorders among the elderly.
Prevalence and predominance of Alzheimer type dementia in rural Japan
Authors: NAKAMURA Shiori , SHIGETA Masahiro , IWAMOTO Makoto , TSUNO Norifumi , NIINA Rie , HOMMA Akira , KAWAMURO Yu
Published: February 2004

Background:  The aim of the present study was to estimate prevalence rates of dementia and its subtypes in the population aged 65 years or more in a rural area of Japan.

Methods:  A survey was conducted in Itoigawa, a city with 33 120 inhabitants in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. There were 7847 persons aged 65 years or older, and they comprised 23.4% of the total population. The first phase survey included questions on medical history, activities of daily living, psychiatric and behavioral symptoms and MMSE. When the responses were examined 6394 valid replies were received (81.5%) and 914 subjects were identified who were suspected of having dementia. In addition, 200 samples were selected randomly as controls from the 5480 people who were not suspected of dementia. The second phase survey was applied to a total of 1114 subjects. Pairs of psychiatrists and nurses made house‐to‐house visits and examined the subjects in detail. Clinical diagnoses of the subtypes of dementia were based on the criteria set out by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease and DSM IV.

Results:  The prevalence rate of dementia was estimated at 6.2% (men 4.5%, women 7.4%), which is higher than that found by previous reports in Japan. Alzheimer type dementia was the most frequent diagnosis, accounting for 4.0%, followed by vascular dementia (1.2%), other type of dementia (0.3%) and unknown dementia (0.8%). ‘Questionable dementia’, as defined by the Clinical Dementia Rating 0.5, was found in 4.4% of respondents (men 6.3%, women 3.0%).

Conclusions:  The prevalence of dementia in a rural area was higher than that of previous Japanese reports, and the prevalence rate of Alzheimer type dementia was much higher than that of vascular dementia.
Destination after discharge from a senile dementia therapy ward before and after the implementation of long‐term care insurance in Japan
Authors: NAKAGAWA Yasushi , TSUKAMOTO Shinobu , MIYAZAKI Miho , NAKAGAWA Chiyuki , YAMANAKA Takeharu , YAMASHITA Norifumi , NOHTOMI Akito
Published: February 2004

Background:  In Japan a new long‐term care insurance (LTCI) system, the so‐called ‘Kaigo‐Hoken’, was started in April 2000. The present study analyzes the change in the type of destination after discharge from a senile dementia therapy ward before and after the implementation of LTCI at Fukuoka Prefectural Onga Hospital, Japan.

Methods:  The present study examines data from 199 inpatients discharged from the Fukuoka Prefectural Onga Hospital that had been diagnosed with dementia and met the DSM IV criteria for Alzheimer's type, vascular dementia or other type of dementia. For the purposes of comparison two periods were defined, ‘the first period’ was defined as the period from 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2000, before LTCI was implemented, while ‘the second period’ was defined as the period from 1 April 2000 to 31 March 2001, after LTCI had started. Subject data was analyzed on the basis of where the subject had resided pre‐admission and their destination after discharge using the following classifications: nursing home or geriatric care facility, hospitalization, home and death.

Results:  While the certification rate of inpatients regarding long‐term care increased slightly in the second period, no significant change was observed based on where the subject had resided pre‐admission and their destination after discharge between the first and second periods.

Conclusions:  While LTCI is essential for Japan, it is necessary that people with dementia in senile dementia therapy wards are encouraged to return to their homes under the care and support of LTCI.
Efficacy of combination treatment of fluvoxamine and tiapride for repetitive behaviors in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: MASAKI Yoshihiro , IKEJIRI Yoshitaka , NISHIKAWA Takashi , HATTA Naoki , KAZUI Hiroaki , TAKEDA Masatoshi
Published: February 2004

The present study reports a 63‐year‐old right‐handed man with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) who manifested severe repetitive and disinhibited behaviors. Combination treatment of fluvoxamine and tiapride decreased the frequency of these behaviors. The results indicate that these drugs are effective for the treatment of repetitive and disinhibited behaviors for patients with FTLD. The behaviors caused by FTLD are discussed in terms of obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorder.
Donepezil increases regional cerebral blood flow in a case of Korsakoff syndrome
Authors: OGINO Atsushi , NISHIKAWA Takashi , SUGITA Yoshiro , TAKEDA Masatoshi
Published: February 2004

Cholinesterase inhibitors improve cognitive functions and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the possibility has been suggested that in patients with dementia other than AD cholinesterase inhibitors are useful for the treatment of their cognitive impairment and behavioral symptoms. In the present study we report the effectiveness of donepezil for a patient with Korsakoff syndrome. The patient was a 65‐year‐old man who gradually showed disturbances in memory, attention and concentration. The etiology was considered to be alcoholism. He would indulge in drinking and repeatedly asked the same questions over and over. He also developed emotional fluttering and would not settle down. On admission, he showed a severe memory deficit, disorientation and momentary confabulation. It was obvious that the patient was inactive and not spontaneous. He also manifested disinhibited behaviors. The patient's confabulation gradually diminished in hospital. He had no focal neurological deficit. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal any abnormality. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99 m‐TC‐ hexamethyl propylamenamine oxide (HMPAO) indicated hypoperfusion in the left thalamus, left basal ganglia and bilateral medial temporal lobes. In order to improve his cognitive function, the patient was treated donepezil. An evaluation of the effects of donepezil on rCBF was performed with the images showing a remarkable improvement in cerebral perfusion in the right medial temporal, the left thalamus and basal ganglia. However, the patient's memory impairment, disorientation, disinhibition, and stereotypical behavior and utterance were not improved. As an explanation, it was speculated that his neural network might be damaged so severely that there was no room for improvement by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
Nicergoline augmentation treatment of late onset depression
Authors: WATANABE Akira , IKEJIRI Yoshitaka , TAKEDA Masatoshi
Published: February 2004

Background:  Elderly patients with depression have more ischemic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain than those without depression. Therefore, late onset depression might be associated with neurobiological etiology, especially vascular lesions of the brain. Recently nicergoline, which is an ergoline derivative and increases cerebral blood flow, has been reported to be effective for vascular depression. However, it remains unclear whether late onset depression without ischemic lesions or vascular risk factors can be improved by this compound.

Methods:  The present study reports the case of a 69‐year‐old woman with depression, which consisted of mild depressive mood, severe loss of drive and appetite, and moderate cognitive impairment that developed over 8 months. Treatment with 150 mg of sulpiride, 40 mg of paroxetine hydrochloride, and 0.5 mg of etizolam everyday for 5 months had no effect on the patient. MRI of the brain showed mild cortical atrophy in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes with no remarkable ischemic lesions. A mild decrease of relative cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the atrophic regions was shown by 99mTc‐HMPAO single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). After sulpiride treatment was discontinued, the patient took 15 mg of nicergoline daily in addition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment.

Results:  The patient's symptoms were improved after 2 weeks and 99mTc‐HMPAO SPECT of the brain showed a slight improvement of relatively decreased CBF in the regions.

Conclusion:  Nicergoline might have a therapeutic potential as an augmentation strategy for late onset depression.
Foster Family Characteristics and Behavioral and Emotional Problems of Foster Children: A Narrative Review*
Authors: Orme John G. , Buehler Cheryl
Published: February 2004

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the foster family characteristics that are thought to contribute to the behavioral and emotional problems of foster children. The review is shaped by an understanding of the personal and familial factors associated with children's problem behaviors in the general population. These factors include parenting, the family home environment, family functioning, marital functioning, family demography, child temperament, parents' mental health, and social support. Limitations within the existing research on these foster family characteristics are noted, and suggestions for future research are provided.
A Postmodern Feminist Approach to Teaching Human Sexuality
Authors: Baber Kristine M. , Murray Colleen I.
Published: February 2004

Postmodern feminist theory provides a valuable perspective for designing and teaching human sexuality courses. The utility of this approach is explained and strategies for helping students understand a constructivist framework presented. The theory is put into action, and the following course goals are addressed: (a) shift from a problem‐oriented to a strengths approach, (b) provide information and skills that are relevant and useful, (c) expand students' thinking about diversity, and (d) help students maximize their own sexual health and minimize exploitation of themselves and others. The article concludes with a discussion of pedagogical and ethical challenges of teaching from a postmodern feminist perspective.
Incorporating Issues of Sexual Orientation in the Classroom: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Fletcher Anne C. , Russell Stephen T.
Published: February 2004

Family studies faculty have an opportunity and a responsibility to address issues related to the development and family lives of sexual minority individuals in graduate and undergraduate courses. This article identifies and discusses 6 challenges involving the incorporation of sexual orientation issues into the classroom: lack of student exposure to accurate information about sexual orientation, selecting a lecture topic, attitudes of intolerance among students, avoiding generalizations, making the topic of sexual orientation relevant to the lives of students, and instructor comfort level concerning the topic of sexual orientation.
The Development and Teaching of the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Family Scientists*
Authors: Adams Rebecca A. , Dollahite David C. , Gilbert Kathleen R. , Keim Robert E.
Published: February 2004

This article describes the development of the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Family Scientists that the National Council on Family Relations Board of Directors unanimously approved. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of ethics education for family professionals and provides suggestions for educators. Finally, the ethical principles and guidelines are delineated. We argue that the development of a scholarship on ethics education is important for current and future family scientists.
Finding an Extra Day a Week: The Positive Influence of Perceived Job Flexibility on Work and Family Life Balance*
Authors: Hill E. Jeffrey , Hawkins Alan J. , Ferris Maria , Weitzman Michelle
Published: February 2004

This study examines the influence of perceived flexibility in the timing and location of work on work‐family balance. Data are from a 1996 International Business Machines (IBM) work and life issues survey in the United States (n= 6,451). Results indicate that perceived job flexibility is related to improved work‐family balance after controlling for paid work hours, unpaid domestic labor hours, gender, marital status, and occupational level. Perceived job flexibility appears to be beneficial both to individuals and to businesses. Given the same workload, individuals with perceived job flexibility have more favorable work‐family balance. Likewise, employees with perceived job flexibility are able to work longer hours before workload negatively impacts their work‐family balance. Implications of these findings are presented.
Tensions Between Employment and Pregnancy: A Workable Balance
Authors: Queneau Hervé , Marmo Michael
Published: February 2004

This article proposes a theoretical framework for analyzing the balance between employment and pregnancy by examining the interaction of three types of concerns: the employment concerns of the woman, the health concerns of the woman and her child, and the woman's economic concerns. Existing empirical studies are used to show the relevance of such a framework to analyze the tensions between employment and pregnancy. Finally, policy implications with respect to the balance between employment and pregnancy are discussed.
Community‐Based Premarital Prevention: Clergy and Lay Leaders on the Front Lines*
Authors: Stanley Scott M. , Markman Howard J. , Prado Lydia M. , Olmos‐Gallo P. Antonio , Tonelli Laurie , St. Peters Michelle , Leber B. Douglas , Bobulinski Michelle , Cordova Allan , Whitton Sarah W.
Published: February 2004

This study reports on the results of the dissemination of an empirically‐based, premarital education program within religious organizations. The following major results are discussed with respect to premarital prevention: (a) Clergy and lay leaders were as effective in the short run as our university staff; (b) couples taking the more skills‐oriented intervention showed advantages over couples receiving naturally occurring services on interaction quality; and (c) couples reported that the communication skills components of premarital education were the most helpful.
Guidelines for Evaluating Parent Training Programs
Authors: Matthews Jan M. , Hudson Alan M.
Published: February 2004

We present guidelines for the evaluation of parent training programs. These have been developed within the framework of the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) model of evaluation described by Stufflebeam (1983). The guidelines emphasize that components of evaluation should occur before, during, and after implementation of any training program. The content of programs and the training methods employed should be based on sound theoretical principles and on evidence of effectiveness. We also recommend multiple indirect and direct measures of parent and child behavioral outcomes.
A Couplehood Typology for Spouses of Institutionalized Persons With Alzheimer's Disease: Perceptions of “We”–“I”*
Authors: Kaplan Lori
Published: February 2004

A qualitative analysis of 68 community‐dwelling spouses of institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease was conducted. The goal was to ascertain to what degree they perceived themselves as married. Five groups representing different degrees of couplehood emerged. Ranging from strong couplehood to no couplehood, groups were given the following terms: “’Til Death Do Us Parts,”“We, but …,”“Husbandless Wives/Wifeless Husbands,”“Becoming an I,” and “Unmarried Marrieds.” Ways to interpret this typology and implications for both further research and practitioners are described.
Parent Involvement in Family Support Programs: An Integrated Theory*
Authors: McCurdy Karen , Daro Deborah
Published: February 2004

This article outlines a conceptual model of parental involvement in family support programs, anchored in ecological and family systems frameworks. After summarizing the current attrition literature, the article proposes that parental decisions to enroll and remain in support programs are shaped by a variety of factors at different “levels” of influence: individual characteristics of the parent and family, provider attributes, program characteristics, and neighborhood characteristics. The conclusion discusses the implications of this line of study for research, practice, and policy.
A Decade of Advice for Women and Men in the Best‐Selling Self‐Help Literature
Authors: Zimmerman Toni Schindler , Holm Kristen E. , Haddock Shelley A.
Published: February 2004

Many human service professionals use self‐help books to supplement their services. A content analysis was conducted of the top 10 books on the New York Times best‐seller list over 10 years (1988–1998) to determine the degree to which the books empower individuals to resist gender‐based socialization messages. The four best‐selling books contained advice for both genders to behave consistently with traditional gender socialization. Other books were generally empowering of women and men to resist these messages.
Education for Self‐Support: Evaluating Outcomes Using Transformative Learning Theory*
Authors: Christopher Suzanne , Dunnagan Tim , Duncan Stephen F. , Paul Lynn
Published: February 2004

This paper describes the use of transformative learning theory to evaluate a family‐empowerment project focusing on life skills. The project was designed in response to welfare reform in Montana. Open‐ended interviews were conducted with 34 participants. Results revealed evidence of transformative learning outcomes such as an empowered sense of self and new connectedness with others. Respondents also spoke of factors built into the program designed to foster transformative learning. Implications are presented.
Childcare Task Division and Shared Parenting Attitudes in Dual‐Earner Families With Young Children*
Authors: Ehrenberg Marion F. , Gearing‐Small Margaret , Hunter Michael A. , Small Brent J.
Published: February 2004

Fifty‐eight dual‐earner couples with young children (116 parents) completed interviews and self‐report measures to evaluate shared parenting (SP), marital satisfaction, and division of child‐care tasks. As expected, psychological and relational SP dimensions predicted marital satisfaction, parental competence, and closeness to their children, but division of child‐care tasks did not. The findings were interpreted to highlight how family practitioners may educate and support stressed dual‐earner couples regarding these relational aspects of shared parenting.
Change in Social Support and Psychological Well‐Being: A Longitudinal Study of Aging Mothers of Adults with Mental Retardation*
Authors: Hong Jinkuk , Seltzer Marsha Mailick , Krauss Marty Wyngaarden
Published: February 2004

We studied 251 older women who had an adult child with mental retardation to examine the psychological consequences of change in social support during the later years of the life course. We examined how maternal age and future orientation (legal guardianship) with respect to caregiving condition the effects of social support. For women over age 65, an increase in the amount of emotional support from network members was predictive of an increase in psychological well‐being, but change in the number of network members was not related to change in well‐being. For women age 65 or younger, an increase in both the size of their social support network and the amount of emotional support received predicted enhanced well‐being only for those who were not legal guardians for their adult child.
A Process Evaluation of a Website for Family Life Educators*
Authors: Hughes Robert
Published: February 2004

Effective professional development is critical to maintaining high‐quality family life education. Most professional development continues to be conducted through workshops, newsletters, and other traditional ways. The growth of information technology provides an important new teaching capacity for professional development. This article explores the development of a website for family life educators, examines procedures for obtaining formative evaluation data about websites, and considers the implications of this work for developing more effective professional development experiences for family life educators.
The Effects of Parental Chronic Kidney Disease on the Family*
Authors: Smith Suzanne R. , Soliday Elizabeth
Published: February 2004

This research reports on the effects of parents' chronic kidney disease on the entire family. Qualitative analysis of the question, “My illness has affected me and my family in the following ways” was conducted using data from parents (N= 123) on either dialysis or with a kidney transplant. Analysis indicates gender‐specific roles, parent–child relationships, and family dynamics in general are affected by living with parental kidney disease. Suggestions for families and practitioners are given.
The Links Between Premarital Parenthood, Meanings of Marriage, and Marital Outcomes*
Authors: Timmer Susan G. , Orbuch Terri L.
Published: February 2004

Using a longitudinal sample of 373 Black and White newlyweds from the Early Years of Marriage Study, we examined the effects of premarital parenthood on meanings of marriage and the consequent effects of these meanings on the risk of divorce by the 4th year of the couples' marriages. Results indicated that premarital parents were significantly more likely than nonparent couples to mention practical advantages of marriage in year 1 (e.g., financial security, having a home, spouse is/will be a good parent). Results of Cox regressions indicated that for premarital parents, perceiving practical advantages of marriage in year 1 reduced their risk of divorce by 85%. Results are discussed in terms of the adjusting family‐life‐education and treatment needs of premarital parents compared with nonparent couples and the consequences for their marital stability.
Involvement of the Personal Social Network as a Factor in Parent Education Effectiveness
Authors: Walker Susan K. , Riley David A.
Published: February 2004

This study examined the impact of mothers' involvement with their social networks upon their self‐reported changes in behaviors and attitudes due to a parenting intervention—in this case monthly, age‐paced parenting newsletters. Path analyses revealed that discussing and sharing newsletter copies with others was associated with greater self‐reported change but did not significantly mediate the relationship between newsletter use and parental change. Rather, individual use of the newsletter and social sharing of the content had independent effects on parenting. The results support a general view that the advice of parenting programs is not accepted or rejected in a vacuum, but often within the context of discussions within the participants' existing social networks. This suggests two practical implications for program developers: (a) Interventions might be more effective if they encouraged such social network processing of program advice, and (b) programs might even target social networks rather than individual parents as their clients.
Family Therapists and Religious Communities: Negotiating Dual Relationships*
Authors: Hill Miriam R. , Mamalakis Philip M.
Published: February 2004

Family therapists involved with religious communities as leaders, employees, or community members face unique challenges in evaluating the potential benefits and risks of dual relationships. Building on existing literature, we propose a three‐level model of factors for therapists to use to evaluate risk: (a) professional ethics codes and legal guidelines, (b) theory of therapy, and (c) contextual variables and relationships among the therapist, the client, and the religious community.
Integrating Family Visitation and Risk Evaluation: A Practical Bonding Model for Decision Makers
Authors: Ansay Sylvia J. , Perkins Daniel F.
Published: February 2004

The number of children in foster care remains high, and most disturbing are the numbers of children whose abuse continues after system intervention. Faced by these challenges, child welfare legislation and policy have shifted away from the earlier standard of “reasonable efforts” toward reunification for children in foster care to a standard in which “the best interests of the child” have priority. The new goal calls for greater use of assessment tools in locating those families deemed to be “at risk” for further abuse. Here, we apply a family bonding perspective to address the practical side of risk assessment for those children already in foster care. We present a conceptual model that attaches numerical value to the various components of the parent–child bond and demonstrate how the model can be operationalized during supervised visitations. Using data from a family visitation center, we demonstrate the model's potential for interagency collaboration in the permanency placement decision‐making process.
The Relationship of Women's Role Strain to Social Support, Role Satisfaction, and Self‐Efficacy*
Authors: Erdwins Carol J. , Buffardi Louis C. , Casper Wendy J. , O'Brien Alison S.
Published: February 2004

The relationship of social support, role satisfaction, and self‐efficacy to measures of role strain was explored in a sample of 129 married, employed women with at least 1 preschool‐aged child. Self‐efficacy in work and parental roles proved to be a significant predictor of these women's work‐family conflict and role overload, respectively. In addition, satisfaction with their child care was related to significantly less anxiety about being separated from their young children. Spousal and supervisor support also accounted for significant variation in work‐family conflict, but the impact of organizational support on role conflict was fully mediated by job self‐efficacy.
Family Functioning and Adolescent Help‐Seeking Behavior*
Authors: Fallon Barry J. , Bowles Terry V. P.
Published: February 2004

Data from 196 adolescents were used to examine the relationship between help‐seeking behavior and family functioning. Results indicated that half sought help for their problem, and problem type was not associated with help‐seeking behavior. Adolescents clustered into 2 groups of families—1 high in conflict and low in democratic parenting style and 1 low in conflict and high in democratic parenting style. Complex relationships between help‐seeking behavior, type of family, and type of problem were found.
What Motivates Participation and Dropout Among Low‐Income Urban Families of Color in a Prevention Intervention?*
Authors: Gross Deborah , Julion Wrenetha , Fogg Louis
Published: February 2004

Low‐income urban parents of color enrolled in a parent training study were interviewed to understand what motivated their participation and what led 30% of them to subsequently drop out. Most enrolled because they wanted to be better parents. Most dropped out because of time and schedule constraints. Retention was higher when parents' motivations for participation matched program goals. Program location and qualities of the recruiter were cited most often as important; financial compensation was cited least often as important.
Division of Household Labor and Family Functioning in Off‐Reservation Navajo Indian Families*
Authors: Hossain Ziarat
Published: February 2004

The division of household labor and family functioning of mothers and fathers was examined in 28 off‐reservation Navajo Indian families. Mothers invested significantly more time in cleaning, food, and child‐related tasks than fathers, but mothers and fathers equally participated in household maintenance. In their perception of how they and their family functioned, mothers and fathers reported similar zzlevels of coping and competence, but mothers demonstrated significantly more commitment, cohesion, and communication skills than fathers. Overall, fathers showed high levels of involvement in household labor and family functioning. Findings are discussed with respect to family functioning and gender roles in 2‐parent Navajo families.
Aging Parents Helping Adult Children: The Experience of the Sandwiched Generation*
Authors: Ingersoll‐Dayton Berit , Neal Margaret B. , Hammer Leslie B.
Published: February 2004

The help that elders provide to their adult children has received limited attention in the caregiving literature. To address this gap, data were drawn from two samples of caregiving couples: 63 focus group participants and 618 survey respondents. Survey results indicated that help from aging parents is associated with a complex pattern of benefits and costs. Focus group data identified the kinds of help provided by older parents (i.e., financial, emotional, child care, and household tasks) and illuminated why caregivers experience such help as a mixed blessing. Suggestions are offered for practitioners who work with caregivers.
Making A Case for Premarital Education*
Authors: Stanley Scott M.
Published: February 2004

This article advances the argument that engaging in broadly applied premarital education efforts can reduce marital distress and divorce. Because of the complexity of design issues and difficulties inherent in outcome studies, researchers will reasonably continue to debate the effectiveness of premarital education regimens. Furthermore, there is a great deal more to be discovered that will guide prevention efforts in ways that will improve the effectiveness of those efforts in the future. Using a combination of rational argument and empirical findings, 4 key benefits of premarital education are discussed: (a) it can slow couples down to foster deliberation, (b) it sends a message that marriage matters, (c) it can help couples learn of options if they need help later, and (d) there is evidence that providing some couples with some types of premarital training, for example, the Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP), can lower their risks for subsequent marital distress or termination.
The Influences of Family Leisure Patterns on Perceptions of Family Functioning*
Authors: Zabriskie Ramon B. , McCormick Bryan P.
Published: February 2004

This study conducted a preliminary test of a model of family leisure functioning by examining the relationship of core and balance family leisure patterns to family cohesion and adaptability. We hypothesized that core family leisure patterns address family needs for stability, facilitate the development of cohesive relationships, and are related to perceptions of family cohesion, whereas balance family leisure patterns address family needs for change, facilitate the development of adaptive skills, and are related to perceptions of family adaptability. Findings from 2 multiple regression analyses provided preliminary support for the model. Conclusions and implications are discussed.
Parental Distress as a Mediator of Problem Behaviors in Sons of Alcohol‐Involved Families*
Authors: Loukas Alexandra , Piejak Lisa A. , Bingham C. Raymond , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , Zucker Robert A.
Published: February 2004

Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis that parental distress would mediate the relations between parental lifetime alcohol and physical health problems and child behavior problems. Participants were 182 alcohol‐involved families and 83 matched controls with 3‐ to 5‐year‐old biological sons. Results show that sons of parents with alcohol and physical health problems are at elevated risk for behavior problems, partly related to the increased levels of distress their parents are experiencing.
RELATE: Relationship Evaluation of the Individual, Family, Cultural, and Couple Contexts*
Authors: Busby Dean M. , Holman Thomas B. , Taniguchi Narumi
Published: February 2004

The purpose of this article is to present the conceptual model underlying RELATE, a relationship evaluation instrument, and to describe how this instrument can be used by instructors, clinicians, and therapists. The RELATE model contains measures of the 4 primary contexts of a couple's experience: the individual, the family, the culture, and the couple. The model includes some of the primary variables in Gottman's marital cascade and has been evaluated for reliability and validity. Examples of how to use the instrument and model are illustrated for couples, educators, and clinicians.
Teaching to Transform: From Volatility to Solidarity in an Interdisciplinary Family Studies Classroom*
Authors: Allen Katherine R. , Floyd‐Thomas Stacey M. , Gillman Laura
Published: February 2004

Teaching about multicultural families and the xenophobia (e.g., racism, sexism, heterosexism) they experience can be volatile. We describe a transformative experience in an interdisciplinary course on families that we team taught. We deconstruct student reactions to the course content and grading and describe the pedagogy of possibility we created to encourage students' ability to embrace our social justice goal. We offer four pedagogical implications regarding interdisciplinary perspectives, collaborative teaching teams, reconstructing authority, and enacting social justice.
Decision‐Making Power, Autonomy, and Communication in Remarried Spouses Compared With First‐Married Spouses*
Authors: Allen Elizabeth Sandin , Baucom Donald H. , Burnett Charles K. , Epstein Norman , Rankin‐Esquer Lynn A.
Published: February 2004

The current study evaluated differences between remarried and first‐married individuals in communication and standards for autonomy and decision‐making power using self‐report data from 111 remarried and 111 matched first‐married spouses. Remarried spouses endorsed more autonomous standards in childrearing and finances. Also, remarried women endorsed greater autonomy regarding friendships and family. These standards for greater autonomy were not related to marital distress. No differences were found in standards for marital decision‐making power. Remarried spouses did not report more avoidance in communication about marital problems, and avoidance of problem discussion was related to marital distress for both groups.
Informal Help in the Assisted Living Setting: A 1‐Year Analysis*
Authors: Gaugler Joseph E. , Kane Rosalie A.
Published: February 2004

Using statewide data from Oregon (N= 596 at baseline), this study compares informal help received by assisted living (AL) and nursing home (NH) residents over a 1‐year period. The analysis also identifies predictors of informal help among AL and NH residents with an expanded version of the Behavioral Model. Instrumental assistance (i.e., help with shopping, appointments, transportation) was more prevalent in the AL setting throughout the analysis. Regression models found multiple predictors of informal help among AL and NH residents (i.e., predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics). The results imply that the AL setting facilitates informal help provision; however, predictors of support are varied and require greater attention in future research.
Interparental Agreement, Parent‐Child Responsiveness, and Children's Peer Competence*
Authors: Lindsey Eric W. , Mize Jacquelyn
Published: February 2004

This study examined associations between interparental agreement, parent‐child responsiveness, and children's social competence with peers. Assessments of interparental agreement among 33 parenting dyads were based on (a) parental agreement on beliefs about the use of control in childrearing, and (b) parental similarity in the use of initiations during play with child. Parent‐child responsiveness was assessed by subjective ratings of parent‐child play interaction. Teachers and peers provided assessments of children's social competence. Associations were found between parental agreement in beliefs about control and parental similarity in the use of control with child. Parental agreement on beliefs about the use of control and parental similarity in the use of control were both positively associated with children's social competence. Parent‐child responsiveness also was positively associated with children's social competence. Associations between agreement measures and children's social competence were partially mediated by parent‐child responsiveness. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Can Communities Assess Support for Preventing Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug Use? Reliability and Validity of a Community Assessment Inventory*
Authors: Mills Jessica , Bogenschneider Karen
Published: February 2004

This study examines the reliability and validity of the Youth Support Inventory, a tool designed for community coalitions to assess the availability of local resources and supports that previous research indicates are important for preventing adolescent alcohol and other drug use. Citizen members in 17 community coalitions completed the inventory. In tests of validity, a higher score (i.e., more community support) was associated with less adolescent alcohol use. In tests of reliability, the inventory was reduced from 55 to 40 items (α= .71). Of the prevention strategies identified by the coalition, 94% addressed resources the local assessment indicated were not extensively available in the community.
Processes Underlying Children's Adjustment in Families Characterized by Physical Aggression*
Authors: Onyskiw Judee E. , Hayduk Leslie A.
Published: February 2004

The hypothesis that physical aggression in the family affects children's adjustment through both observational learning/modeling and through its impact on parenting was tested (via LISREL) using data from a representative sample of Canadian children (N = 11,221). Results showed that observational learning and disrupted parenting provide reasonable, if only partial explanations, of mothers' assessments of children's adjustment in families characterized by physical aggression. Models for preschool (4–5 years), young (6–9 years), and older school‐age (10–11 years) children fit acceptably and showed similar but weak effects. Children reported to witness more aggression also were reported to behave more aggressively. Mothers who reported being less warm and responsive in parenting reported that their children were more aggressive, had more internalizing behaviors, and had fewer prosocial behaviors.
Adopting the Caregiver Role: A Family Legacy*
Authors: Piercy Kathleen W. , Chapman Jeffery G.
Published: February 2004

A qualitative study was done to investigate how adult children become caregivers to older parents with functional impairments and what roles their own children adopt in their family's care arrangements. In‐depth interviews with 43 members of 15 families revealed 5 influences on children and grandchildren's adoption of caregiver roles: expectations, family rules, religious training, role modeling and role making. Further analysis of families with grandchild participants showed considerable variation both between and within families in how and what kinds of eldercare roles were adopted. These results can be used by family life educators interested in creating parent‐care education programs.
Understanding AIDS: A Comparison of Children in the United States and Thailand*
Authors: Young Margaret H. , Schvaneveldt J. D. , Lindauer Shelley L. K. , Schvaneveldt Paul L.
Published: February 2004

Replicating a prior U.S. study, data were gathered from preschool and school‐age children in Thailand (n= 80). Taking a developmental perspective, Thai children's knowledge and understanding of AIDS was assessed, and results were compared with those of the U.S. sample. The findings show that Thai children in each of four designated age groups have higher levels of accurate knowledge of AIDS compared with their U.S. counterparts. The findings of these early studies are discussed in terms of current AIDS infection rates and educational prevention efforts in both cultures.
Sociological Ambivalence and Family Ties: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Connidis Ingrid Arnet , McMullin Julie Ann
Published: February 2004

We develop the concept of ambivalence as structurally created contradictions that are made manifest in interaction. We discuss how our reconceptualization enhances the relevance of ambivalence to sociological analyses of family ties. Ambivalence is a particularly useful concept when imbedded in a theoretical framework that views social structure as structured social relations, and individuals as actors who exercise agency as they negotiate relationships within the constraints of social structure. The strengths of conceptualizing ambivalence within this framework are illustrated with examples of caring for older family members and of balancing paid work and family responsibilities.
Explaining Mothers' Ambivalence Toward Their Adult Children
Authors: Pillemer Karl , Suitor J. Jill
Published: February 2004

Interest in applying the concept of ambivalence to the study of intergenerational relations has increased in recent years. However, few empirical studies of this issue have been conducted. Using data from a study of 189 mothers aged 60 and over, the authors examine sources of ambivalence regarding the quality of their relationships with adult children. They hypothesized that adult children's failure to achieve and maintain normative adult statuses and financial independence and mother's developmental stage will predict ambivalent assessments of the relationship. Regression analyses supported these hypotheses and also revealed that the variables predicting ambivalence differed from those that predicted closeness and interpersonal stress.
Leaving the Parental Home: Chinese Culture in an Urban Context
Authors: Ting Kwok‐fai , Chiu Stephen W. K.
Published: February 2004

Leaving the parental home is increasingly treated as an essential stepping‐stone toward adulthood in the modern world. The authors argue that this is a cultural process regulated by social norms and institutional settings that vary from place to place. Hong Kong provides an excellent scenario in which Chinese traditions coexist with rapid economic development. Rather than looking at leaving the parental home as a developmental process, Chinese tradition tends to link it with filial obligations and gender status. On the basis of life history data collected in Hong Kong, the authors establish that leaving home has neither gained substantial popularity nor become a unique life stage among Chinese; it continues to be closely associated with the marriage transition and practical considerations such as housing, childcare needs, and the availability of elderly care.
Patterns of Intergenerational Transfers in Southeast Asia
Authors: Frankenberg Elizabeth , Lillard Lee , Willis Robert J.
Published: February 2004

This article explores motivations for intergenerational exchanges of time and money using data from Indonesia. The extent of exchange and underlying motivations differ across families but substantial evidence supports the theory that transfers within families serve as insurance for family members. The results also suggest that between some parents and children money is exchanged for time. Additionally, some evidence is consistent with the idea that parents pay for their children's education partly as a loan that is later repaid. The authors compare their results to those that they obtained previously for Malaysia using similar data and methods. The findings regarding motivations for transfers are remarkably similar across the two countries.
Parental Divorce and Interpersonal Trust in Adult Offspring
Authors: King Valarie
Published: February 2004

It has been proposed that recent increases in parental divorce have inhibited the development of trust among offspring. This proposition is tested by examining whether parental divorce is associated with offspring trust in parents, intimate partners, and others. Data come from the Marital Instability Over the Life Course Study. Results reveal that although parental divorce is negatively associated with trust, these effects largely disappear once the quality of the past parent‐teen relationship is taken into account. The one exception is trust in fathers where children of divorce remain at higher risk of mistrust. Trust in parents, intimates, and others is strongly linked to positive parent‐teen relationships regardless of parental divorce. Contemporary relationship experiences also influence trusting intimates and others.