bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COSMOS: Computational Shaping and Modeling of Musical Structures
Authors: Chew Elaine
Published: June 2022

This position paper makes the case for an innovative, multi-disciplinary methodological approach to advance knowledge on the nature and work of music performance, driven by a novel experiential perspective, that also benefits analysis of electrocardiographic sequences. Music performance is considered by many to be one of the most breathtaking feats of human intelligence. It is well accepted that music performance is a creative act, but the nature of its work remains elusive. Taking the view of performance as an act of creative problem solving, ideas in citizen science and data science, optimization, and computational thinking provide means through which to deconstruct the process of music performance in scalable ways. The method tackles music expression's lack of notation-based data by leveraging listeners' perception and experience of the structures elicited by the performer, with implications for data collection and processing. The tools offer ways to parse a musical sequence into coherent structures, to design a performance, and to explore the space of possible interpretations of the musical sequence. These ideas and tools can be applied to other music-like sequences such as electrocardiographic recordings of arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms). Leveraging musical thinking and computational approaches to performance analysis, variations in expressions of cardiac arrhythmias can be more finely characterized, with implications for tailoring therapies and stratifying heart rhythm disorders.
Creative Potential in Science: Conceptual and Measurement Issues
Authors: Lubart Todd , Kharkhurin Anatoliy V. , Corazza Giovanni Emanuele , Besançon Maud , Yagolkovskiy Sergey R. , Sak Ugur
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the concept of creative potential as it applies in science. First, conceptual issues concerning the definition of creative potential are explored, highlighting that creative potential is a moving target, and measures of creative potential are estimates of future behavior. Then three main ways to detect creative potential are examined. First, a person’s previous accomplishments in science can be analyzed. These accomplishments can be regarded as predictors of future creative performance. Second, science talent competitions can help to detect creative potential in children and adolescents. There are particular types of talent competitions differing from each other by the extent of focusing on individual (e.g., Science Fairs) or collaborative (e.g., Science Olympiads) work. Third, to measure an individual’s creative potential, psychometric tools such as Creative Scientific Ability Test (C-SAT), Test of Scientific Creativity Animations for Children (TOSCAC), and Evaluation of Potential Creativity (EPoC) can be used. These tools are conceptualized in terms of two scientific activities: hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing. In a final section, these three types of measures are placed in a novel time-space framework as applied to creative potential. Suggestions for future work are also discussed.
The Essential Role of Executive Attention in Unconscious Visuomotor Priming
Authors: Mao Xuechen , Xie Chun , Shi Jilong , Huang Qin , Jiang Ruichen , Meng Fanying , Shen Hejun , Miao Lyufeng , Cui Shuchen , Li Anmin
Published: June 2022

Many reports have emphasized that unconscious processing demands attention. However, some studies were unable to observe a modulation of attentional load in subliminal visual processing. We proposed that the paradoxical phenomena could be explained based on whether the mental workload task was involved in central executive processes. In two experiments, by combining a masked shape discrimination task with an N-back task, executive attention availability for masked visuomotor processing decreased as the N-back task demand increased. We observed that unconscious visuomotor priming diminished with increasing executive attention load in Experiment 2; however, this pattern did not occur in Experiment 1. Further analysis verified that in Experiment 1, the role of the central executive in unconscious visuomotor priming was eliminated by the accuracy-speed trade-off since the higher load spatial N-back tasks with larger memory set sizes, compared with higher load verbal N-bask tasks, were quite difficult for the subjects to manage. Therefore, our results demonstrated that central executive load modulates unconscious visuomotor priming and that this modulation can be weakened by task difficulty. Collectively, by emphasizing the essential role of executive attention in subliminal visuomotor priming, the present work provides a powerful interpretation of prior debates and develops extant attention capacity limitations from the realm of consciousness to that of unconsciousness.
Task-Modulated Oscillation Differences in Auditory and Spoken Chinese-English Bilingual Processing: An Electroencephalography Study
Authors: Zheng Yuxuan , Kirk Ian , Chen Tengfei , O’Hagan Minako , Waldie Karen E.
Published: June 2022

Neurophysiological research on the bilingual activity of interpretation or interpreting has been very fruitful in understanding the bilingual brain and has gained increasing popularity recently. Issues like word interpreting and the directionality of interpreting have been attended to by many researchers, mainly with localizing techniques. Brain structures such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have been repeatedly identified during interpreting. However, little is known about the oscillation and synchronization features of interpreting, especially sentence-level overt interpreting. In this study we implemented a Chinese-English sentence-level overt interpreting experiment with electroencephalography on 43 Chinese-English bilinguals and compared the oscillation and synchronization features of interpreting with those of listening, speaking and shadowing. We found significant time-frequency power differences in the delta-theta (1–7 Hz) and gamma band (above 30 Hz) between motor and silent tasks. Further theta-gamma coupling analysis revealed different synchronization networks in between speaking, shadowing and interpreting, indicating an idea-formulation dependent mechanism. Moreover, interpreting incurred robust right frontotemporal gamma coactivation network compared with speaking and shadowing, which we think may reflect the language conversion process inherent in interpreting.
Employer Attractiveness From an Employee Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dassler Anke , Khapova Svetlana N. , Lysova Evgenia I. , Korotov Konstantin
Published: June 2022

With the growing interest in employer attractiveness, research is unsystematic on how this phenomenon can be conceptualized and studied. Studies tend to make little conceptual differentiation regarding for whom employers should be attractive, and therefore, address the perspectives of potential as well as current employees, who work in organizations for long periods of time. In this study our arguments relate to the phenomenon’s conceptual clarity as well as its differentiation from other related concepts. By focusing on employer attractiveness for current employees, we have systematically reviewed 48 studies published in business and management journals, and categorized findings into the Inputs–Mediators–Outputs model. This approach allowed us to depict significant limitations in the existing knowledge about employer attractiveness from the current employees’ perspective, and offer avenues for future research. Next, to delineate the future research agenda, we have suggested that employer branding in organisations needs to be targeted more toward current employees.
Soundscape Optimization in Nursing Homes Through Raising Awareness in Nursing Staff With MoSART+
Authors: Kosters Janouk , Janus Sarah I. M. , Van Den Bosch Kirsten A. , Zuidema Sytse , Luijendijk Hendrika J. , Andringa Tjeerd C.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Soundscapes in nursing homes are often suboptimal for residents. This can cause them feeling anxious and unsafe, or develop behavioral and psychological problems. Residents with dementia cannot adapt nursing home environments to their needs due to cognitive and physical limitations. It is up to the staff of psycho-geriatric wards to improve the soundscape. We evaluated the effect of the sound awareness intervention Mobile Soundscape Appraisal and Recording Technology (MoSART+) on soundscapes in nursing homes.

Methods

The MoSART+ intervention was carried out in four nursing homes and took three months in each home. The MoSART+ intervention involved training ambassadors, assessing the soundscape with the MoSART application by the nursing staff to raise their sound awareness on random time points, discussing the measurements, and implementing micro-interventions. Soundscapes were assessed from 0 to 100 on four attributes: pleasantness, eventfulness, complexity, and range of affordances. Based on these scores, soundscapes were classified in four dimensions: calm, lively, boring, and chaotic. Nursing staff graded the environment on a scale of 0 to 10. T-test and Z-tests were used to analyze data.

Results

Staff recorded 1882 measurements with the MoSART app. “People,” “music, TV, and radio,” and “machines and appliances” were the most prevalent sound sources before and after the implementation of micro-interventions. Post-implementation of micro-interventions, soundscapes were pleasant (median 69.0; IQR 54.0–81.0), of low complexity (33.0; 18.0–47.0), uneventful (27.0; 14.0–46.5), and gave moderate affordances (50.0; 35.0–67.0). Changes in attributes were statistically significant (p < 0.01). The proportion of the dimension calm increased (z = 12.7, p < 0.01), the proportion of chaotic decreased (z = 15.0, p < 0.01), and the proportion of lively decreased not statically significant (z = 0.68, p = 0.79). The proportion of boring was unchanged. The proportion of grades ≥6 increased after implementation of the micro-interventions (z = 15.3, p < 0.01). The micro-interventions focused on removing or reducing disturbing sounds and were unique for each nursing home.

Discussion

The MoSART+ intervention resulted in a statistically significantly improvement of soundscapes, and more favorable evaluations of the nursing staff. The intervention empowered staff to adapt soundscapes. Nursing homes can improve soundscapes by raising sound awareness among staff.

Trial Registration

Netherlands National Trial Register (NL6831).
Money Does Not Always Buy Happiness, but Are Richer People Less Happy in Their Daily Lives? It Depends on How You Analyze Income
Authors: Kudrna Laura , Kushlev Kostadin
Published: June 2022

Do people who have more money feel happier during their daily activities? Some prior research has found no relationship between income and daily happiness when treating income as a continuous variable in OLS regressions, although results differ between studies. We re-analyzed existing data from the United States and Germany, treating household income as a categorical variable and using lowess and spline regressions to explore nonlinearities. Our analyses reveal that these methodological decisions change the results and conclusions about the relationship between income and happiness. In American and German diary data from 2010 to 2015, results for the continuous treatment of income showed a null relationship with happiness, whereas the categorization of income showed that some of those with higher incomes reported feeling less happy than some of those with lower incomes. Lowess and spline regressions suggested null results overall, and there was no evidence of a relationship between income and happiness in Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) data. Not all analytic approaches generate the same results, which may contribute to explaining discrepant results in existing studies about the correlates of happiness. Future research should be explicit about their approaches to measuring and analyzing income when studying its relationship with subjective well-being, ideally testing different approaches, and making conclusions based on the pattern of results across approaches.
Three Mental Health Symptoms of Frontline Medical Staff Associated With Occupational Stressors During the COVID-19 Peak Outbreak in China: The Mediation of Perceived Stress and the Moderation of Social Support
Authors: Zou Yang , Lu Yinhuan , Zhou Fan , Liu Xiaoyue , Ngoubene-Atioky Arlette J. , Xu Kewei , Hong Liuzhi , Shen Guanghui , Wu Huifen , Cai Zhaohong , Liu Yanlong , Chen Li , Bao Donger
Published: June 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic has increased work demands for medical staff and has a certain impact on their mental health. The present study aimed to examine the role of perceived stress and social support in explaining the association between the occupational stressors and three mental health symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, and insomnia) of frontline medical staff. Five hundred twenty five frontline medical staff were investigated online after the outbreak of the COVID-19 (16 February, 2020–2 March, 2020) in China. The results found that the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among frontline medical staff were 39.8, 29.9, and 37.9%, respectively. Occupational stressors were associated with anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. Perceived stress significantly mediated this link. Social support moderated the second half of the indirect effect of occupational stressors on anxiety and depression symptoms. Under the epidemic situation of COVID-19, for frontline medical staff, high perceived stress and low social support may increase vulnerability for mental health symptoms triggered by occupational stressors. Thus, improving the social support and promoting the cognitive reappraisal of perceived stress may help to maintain mental health among medical staff.
Exploring the Antecedents of Money Attitudes in China: Evidence From University Students
Authors: Li Yuqian , Hu Fengfei
Published: June 2022

With rapid economic growth and institutional reform, the pursuit of money and material possessions has become the most prevalent value in contemporary China. This study focuses on the cultural root of money attitudes among the young adults. Specifically, 332 Chinese university students participated in a survey to report on their need for power, need for achievement, belief in guanxi, and love of money. Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis were applied to test the proposed hypotheses. The results show positive influences of need for power and need for achievement on individuals’ love of money. Moreover, belief in guanxi mediates the relationship between need for power and love of money. The application of indigenous cultural concepts in analyzing social behavior in Eastern cultures is emphasized. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
Development of a Computerized Adaptive Test for Problematic Mobile Phone Use
Authors: Liu Xiaorui , Lu Hui , Zhou Zhao , Chao Miao , Liu Tour
Published: June 2022

The great number of mobile phone users in the world has increased in recent years. More time spent on a phone, more negative effects such as problematic mobile phone use. Many researchers have devoted themselves to revise tools to measure problematic mobile phone use better and more precisely. Previous studies have shown that these tools have good reliability and validity, but that most of them have some shortcomings because they were traditional paper-and-pencil tests based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). This study, based on Item Response Theory (IRT) in order to solve these shortcomings, developed Computerized Adaptive Test for problematic mobile phone use (CAT-PMPU) and discussed the performance of CAT-PMPU. Then, we used real data to simulate CAT, and the measurement accuracy and reliability between a paper-and-pencil test and CAT-PMPU were compared under the same test length. The results showed that CAT-PMPU was better than the paper-and-pencil test in all aspects, and that it can reduce the number of items and improve measurement efficiency effectively. In conclusion, the CAT-PMPU was developed in this study has good reliability, and it provided novel technical support for the measurement of problematic mobile phone use. It had a good application prospect.
A Positive Psychology Resource for Students? Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the 6 Minutes Diary in a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Lorenz Timo , Algner Mona , Binder Benjamin
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the effects of the 6 Minutes Journal (6MT), a commercial diary combining several positive psychology interventions, including gratitude, goal-setting, and self-affirmation exercises, on several mental health outcome measures. In a randomized controlled trial, university students (N = 157) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 6MT (n = 77) and a wait list control group (n = 80). Participants in the intervention group were instructed to follow the instructions of the 6MT for 4 weeks. Participants in both groups completed measures of perceived stress, positive and negative affect, self-efficacy and resilience at baseline, after 2 (t1), and 4 (t2) weeks. We used path-analyses with autoregressive and cross-lagged effects to test our hypotheses of the effects of the 6MT. Participants in the intervention group reported decreased levels of perceived stress and negative affect, as well as increased levels of resilience and self-efficacy compared to the control group. Positive affect was not statistically significantly influenced. The data showed a statistically significant increased levels of self-efficacy and resilience only after 4 weeks, suggesting that changing these constructs needs more time. The 6-minute diary does not appear to make individuals fundamentally more positive. However, the intervention may have a protective function against negative influences on well-being.
Risk Assessment Instruments for Intimate Partner Femicide: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garcia-Vergara Esperanza , Almeda Nerea , Fernández-Navarro Francisco , Becerra-Alonso David
Published: June 2022

Intimate partner violence is a severe problem that has taken the lives of thousands of women worldwide, and it is bound to continue in the future. Numerous risk assessment instruments have been developed to identify and intervene in high-risk cases. However, a synthesis of specific instruments for severe violence against women by male partners has not been identified. This type of violence has specific characteristics compared to other forms of intimate partner violence, requiring individualized attention. A systematic review of the literature has been conducted to summarize the intimate partner homicide risk assessment instruments applied to this population. It has been carried out with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. The search strategy yielded a total of 1,156 studies, and only 33 studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The data of these studies were extracted, analyzed, and presented on study characteristics (country and year, sample, data sources, purpose of the studies) and main findings (a brief description of the instruments, risk factor items, psychometric properties). The results indicate that the Danger Assessment, the Danger Assessment for Immigrants, the Danger Assessment for Law Enforcement, the Danger Assessment-5, the Taiwan Intimate Partner Violence Danger Assessment, the Severe Intimate Partner Risk Prediction Scale, The Lethality Screen, and the H-Scale are specific risk assessment instruments for predicting homicide and attempted homicide. There are differences in the number and content of risk assessment items, but most of them include the evidence's critical factors associated with homicide. Validity and reliability scores of these instruments vary, being consistency and accuracy medium-high for estimating homicide. Finally, implications for prediction and prevention are noted, and future research directions are discussed.
Sex Differences in Determinants of Suicide Risk Preceding Psychiatric Admission: An Electronic Medical Record Study
Authors: McQuaid Robyn J. , Nikolitch Katerina , Vandeloo Katie L. , Burhunduli Patricia , Phillips Jennifer L.
Published: June 2022

Background

Individuals requiring inpatient psychiatric care represent a group at higher risk of progressing toward suicide attempt. Using electronic medical record (EMR) data collected from psychiatric inpatient admissions, the objective of this study was to identify sex differences in risk factors for suicide plans and/or attempts within the 30 days preceding hospital admission.

Methods

Resident Assessment Instrument for Mental Health (RAI-MH) intake data were obtained for patients admitted to a Canadian tertiary-care hospital deemed a “threat or danger to self” during a 10-year period (2008–2018). Data was extracted for individuals categorized into three groups: non-suicidal (N = 568), presence of suicide plan (N = 178), and presence of suspected suicide attempt (N = 124) in the 30 days prior to hospital admission. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine determinants of suicide risk.

Results

Across all models, diagnosis of depression was the strongest predictor of suicide plan and/or attempt (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 3.71–8.27, p < 0.001). Comparing clinical symptoms between suicidal and non-suicidal groups at the time of admission, the largest effect sizes were found for hopelessness (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.11), and guilt or shame (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.09). Female sex was identified as a significant factor for elevated suicidal risk (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.01–2.21, p = 0.01), thus we stratified the regression model by sex to identify specific risk factors for suicide plan and/or attempt for males and females. Among males, having no confidant (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.19–3.80, p = 0.01), presence of recent stressors (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.16–3.29, p = 0.01), and participation in social activities (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.02–2.71, p = 0.04) were important predictors, while among females, younger age (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94–0.97, p < 0.001) increased odds of suicide plan and/or attempt.

Conclusion

EMR-derived findings highlight different psychosocial and clinical determinants for males and females associated with suicide plan or attempt prior to psychiatric admission. Identifying precipitating factors that elevate imminent suicide risk may inform suicide prevention efforts for psychiatric inpatients.
A Tool to Guide Creation of Products for Risk Communications and Community Engagement (RCCE)
Authors: Tam Wai Jia , Gobat Nina , Hemavathi Divya , Fisher Dale
Published: June 2022

Using best practices to produce creative, relatable, contextualized health messaging contributes to effective risk communication. During emergency disasters, the landscape of mis- and dis-information demands strategic, collaborative approaches across all stakeholders particularly government and the media to ensure effective public messaging. However, tools for new RCCE practitioners and media agencies such as television producers and advertising firms to rapidly create effective RCCE products are currently not readily available. In response to concerns that vaccine hesitancy may become more evident once a significant proportion of the population had been reached, the Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) in Singapore launched a public health music video on 2 May 2021, making headlines globally and garnering more than 5 million views worldwide. The video aimed to dispel myths and concerns about vaccinations and encouraged citizens to get their vaccination quickly rather than wait. We aimed to evaluate this video as a case study and articulate why it is an example of good practice in risk communications. Working inductively to identify emergent principles of product creation in this case study and analyzing them against existing RCCE frameworks and recommendations helped develop a practical tool to guide the rapid creation of RCCE products by those who may be unfamiliar to RCCE principles. This tool can help new RCCE practitioners and media agencies to produce effective products in times of crisis. The easy-to-use tool provides a brief checklist that guides rapid creation of RCCE products, including criteria for understanding the target audience, message comprehension, development, reach and impact measurement. Given its derivation from existing RCCE frameworks and health literacy concepts, these can potentially be applied across different modalities and diverse cultures. Future work would include validation of these criteria and evaluation of its utility to strengthen RCCE as core in an emergency response.
Will the Policy Instruments Mix Promote the Facility Input of Care Institutions for Older People in China?
Authors: Zhang Fen , Di Xiaodong , Yang Xiao , Yang Xiaotian , Jiang Quanbao , Yuan Changhong
Published: June 2022

Promoting the facility input of care institutions for older people is the key to the development of the care for older people. With a steady increase in the proportion of older people in China, institutional care services are considered as an important tool for older people. Policies such as government bed subsidies and tax incentives are accelerating the development of institutional care services. However, when the care for older people related policy instrument mixes lacks overall comprehensiveness, consistency and balance, the policy instrument mixes may become a “policy mess”, in turn, affecting the development of care institutions for older people. Studies focusing on the combined effects of different characteristics of a policy instrument mix are scarce. To understand how to better use the policy mix to facilitate the care for older people, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of care policies for older people and its role in the construction of care institutions for older people. Therefore, this study analyzes the impacts of comprehensiveness, consistency, and balance of policy instruments on the facility input of care institutions for older people. An empirical analysis of related policies from 2011 to 2019 in China shows that a synergetic effect exists between the policy instrument mix and the facility input of care institutions for older people. This study points that the comprehensiveness and consistency of the policy instrument mix positively affect the facility input of care institutions for older people, while the impact of balance is not significant. It not only provides feasible policy suggestions for China's policy-making departments to optimize the care for older people related policies, but also helps care institutions for older people further understand the characteristics of policy portfolios and realize sustainable development.
An Exploratory Analysis of Fifteen Years Suicide Trends Using Population-Level Data From Croatian Committed Suicides Registry
Authors: Pajić Vanja , Orešković Stjepan
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The provide a descriptive analysis of the available population-level aggregated data on committed suicides in the Republic of Croatia, in the 2004–2018 period, showing emerging trends in suicide incidence focusing on sex/age/geographical distribution of suicides and the primary and secondary causes of suicide mortality, as well as making comparisons with similar neighboring neighboring countries.

Methods

The aggregated suicide data were obtained from the Croatian Committed Suicides Registry, a national registry maintained by the public health authority. The raw data extract was organized into tables according to several variables (age, sex, place of birth, place of residence, and cause of death). Simple descriptive statistics were performed on the structured data.

Results

Despite being among the highest in the world and EU, the number of committed suicides in Croatia is in decline since 2004. A higher number of suicides by males was observed when compared to females. Most of the suicides occur during spring and summer. The wealthier, northern continental region of the country had the highest average rate of committed suicides per 1,00,000 population, contrary to some of the findings in the published literature associating economic instability with suicide. The most common way to commit suicide for both sexes in all age groups is self-harm by hanging, strangulation and suffocation. Suicide by firearm and explosive devices discharge remains higher than the global average.

Conclusions

Despite its steadily declining incidence rates in the past 20 years, suicides remain a major public health challenge in Croatia. Results may bolster the Ugro-Finnish suicide hypothesis, linking higher suicide rates to regions with populations of Hungarian descent.
What Lies Behind Substantial Differences in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Between EU Member States?
Authors: Franic Josip
Published: June 2022

Background

Despite the billions of doses at disposal, less than three-quarters of EU citizens received a COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2021. The situation is particularly worrying in transition societies, which experience much stronger opposition to vaccination compared to their Western counterparts. To understand whether and to what extent this has to do with the socialist legacy, in this paper we explore wider economic, political, and cultural determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the EU.

Methods

Data from Flash Eurobarometer 494 conducted in May 2021 were used to model the attitudes of EU citizens toward COVID-19 vaccination. Based on their views and intentions, each of 26,106 survey participants was allocated into one of the following categories: (1) already vaccinated/plan to get vaccinated; (2) indecisive; (3) refuse vaccination. Multilevel multinomial logit was employed to understand what underlies the reasoning of each group.

Results

The survey revealed that 13.4% of Europeans planned to delay vaccination against COVID-19, while 11.2% did not intend to get vaccinated. Although numerous demographic and socio-economic factors jointly shape their viewpoints, it is trust (in the authorities, science, peers, and online social networks above all) that strongly dominates citizens' reasoning. Given that most transition societies are witnessing the pandemic of distrust at various levels, this seemingly unrelated feature appears to be vital in explaining why newer member states record lower vaccination rates. Education was also found to play a pivotal role, which is reflected in an individual's ability to critically assess information from various sources.

Conclusion

The study results clearly illustrate how long-lasting structural problems (specific for, but not confined to, transition countries) can manifest themselves in unforeseen circumstances if left unaddressed. It is hence of vital importance to learn the lesson and prevent similar issues in the future. Above all, this would require wide-ranging reforms aiming to repair the imperceptible psychological contract between citizens and the state authorities.
Clinical Analysis of Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning and Successful Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Case Series
Authors: Yu Guangcai , Li Yaqian , Jian Tianzi , Shi Longke , Cui Siqi , Zhao Liwen , Jian Xiangdong , Kan Baotian
Published: June 2022

Acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP) with cardiac arrest has an extremely high mortality rate, and corresponding therapeutic strategies have rarely been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prognostic factors and effective treatments of AOPP-related cardiac arrest. This retrospective study was conducted in our department in the years 2018–2021. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the clinical manifestations, rescue strategies, and prognosis of patients with AOPP who had experienced cardiac arrest and successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This study included six cases of patients with AOPP in addition to cardiac arrest; in four cases, cardiac arrest occurred <12 h after ingestion, and in two, cardiac arrest occurred more than 48 h after ingestion. Five patients had not undergone hemoperfusion therapy before cardiac arrest, and all six were treated with atropine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and subsequent pralidoxine. Four patients recovered and were discharged from the hospital, one died in our department, and one was transferred to a local hospital and died there 2 h later. The last two patients had severe pancreatic injuries and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This, along with their death, might have been related to their prognosis. Cardiac arrest can occur in patients with severe AOPP for whom antidote administration was insufficient or not timely. Application of atropine and pralidoxine in a timely manner after cardiac arrest following AOPP is the key to successful treatment. This study provides useful guidelines for the treatment of similar cases in the future.
A Retrospective Study of Climate Change Affecting Dengue: Evidences, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Bhatia Surbhi , Bansal Dhruvisha , Patil Seema , Pandya Sharnil , Ilyas Qazi Mudassar , Imran Sajida
Published: June 2022

Climate change is unexpected weather patterns that can create an alarming situation. Due to climate change, various sectors are affected, and one of the sectors is healthcare. As a result of climate change, the geographic range of several vector-borne human infectious diseases will expand. Currently, dengue is taking its toll, and climate change is one of the key reasons contributing to the intensification of dengue disease transmission. The most important climatic factors linked to dengue transmission are temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. The present study carries out a systematic literature review on the surveillance system to predict dengue outbreaks based on Machine Learning modeling techniques. The systematic literature review discusses the methodology and objectives, the number of studies carried out in different regions and periods, the association between climatic factors and the increase in positive dengue cases. This study also includes a detailed investigation of meteorological data, the dengue positive patient data, and the pre-processing techniques used for data cleaning. Furthermore, correlation techniques in several studies to determine the relationship between dengue incidence and meteorological parameters and machine learning models for predictive analysis are discussed. In the future direction for creating a dengue surveillance system, several research challenges and limitations of current work are discussed.
Clinical Coders' Perspectives on Pressure Injury Coding in Acute Care Services in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Weller Carolina Dragica , Turnour Louise , Connelly Elizabeth , Banaszak-Holl Jane , Team Victoria
Published: June 2022

Pressure injuries (PIs) substantively impact quality of care during hospital stays, although only when they are severe or acquired as a result of the hospital stay are they reported as quality indicators. Globally, researchers have repeatedly highlighted the need to invest more in quality improvement, risk assessment, prevention, early detection, and care for PI to avoid the higher costs associated with treatment of PI. Coders' perspectives on quality assurance of the clinical coded PI data have never been investigated. This study aimed to explore challenges that hospital coders face in accurately coding and reporting PI data and subsequently, explore reasons why data sources may vary in their reporting of PI data. This article is based upon data collected as part of a multi-phase collaborative project to build capacity for optimizing PI prevention across Monash Partners health services. We have conducted 16 semi-structured phone interviews with clinical coders recruited from four participating health services located in Melbourne, Australia. One of the main findings was that hospital coders often lacked vital information in clinicians' records needed to code PI and report quality indicators accurately and highlighted the need for quality improvement processes for PI clinical documentation. Nursing documentation improvement is a vital component of the complex capacity building programs on PI prevention in acute care services and is relied on by coders. Coders reported the benefit of inter-professional collaborative workshops, where nurses and coders shared their perspectives. Collaborative workshops had the potential to improve coders' knowledge of PI classification and clinicians' understanding of what information should be included when documenting PI in the medical notes. Our findings identified three methods of quality assurance were important to coders to ensure accuracy of PI reporting: (1) training prior to initiation of coding activity and (2) continued education, and (3) audit and feedback communication about how to handle specific complex cases and complex documentation. From a behavioral perspective, most of the coders reported confidence in their own abilities and were open to changes in coding standards. Transitioning from paper-based to electronic records highlighted the need to improve training of both clinicians and coders.
A Prognostic Model for Colon Adenocarcinoma Patients Based on Ten Amino Acid Metabolism Related Genes
Authors: Ren Yangzi , He Shangwen , Feng Siyang , Yang Wei
Published: June 2022

Background

Amino acid metabolism plays a vital role in cancer biology. However, the application of amino acid metabolism in the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has not yet been explored. Here, we construct an amino acid metabolism-related risk model to predict the survival outcome of COAD and improve clinical decision making.

Methods

The RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome for 524 patients with COAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was selected as a training set. The integrated Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset with 1,430 colon cancer samples was used for validation. Differential expression of amino acid metabolism-related genes (AAMRGs) was identified for prognostic gene selection. Univariate cox regression analysis, LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were applied to construct a prognostic risk model. Moreover, the correlation between risk score and microsatellite instability, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity were analyzed.

Results

A prognostic signature was constructed based on 10 AAMRGs, including ASPG, DUOX1, GAMT, GSR, MAT1A, MTAP, PSMD12, RIMKLB, RPL3L, and RPS17. Patients with COAD were divided into high-risk and low-risk group based on the medianrisk score. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that AAMRG-related signature was an independent risk factor for COAD. Moreover, COAD patients in the low-risk group were more sensitive to immunotherapy targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4.

Conclusion

Our study constructed a prognostic signature based on 10 AAMRGs, which could be used to build a novel prognosis model and identify potential drug candidates for the treatment of COAD.
Immune Senescence, Immunosenescence and Aging
Authors: Lee Kyoo-A , Flores Rafael R. , Jang In Hwa , Saathoff Ashley , Robbins Paul D.
Published: June 2022

With aging, there is increased dysfunction of both innate and adaptive immune responses, which contributes to impaired immune responses to pathogens and greater mortality and morbidity. This age-related immune dysfunction is defined in general as immunosenescence and includes an increase in the number of memory T cells, loss of ability to respond to antigen and a lingering level of low-grade inflammation. However, certain features of immunosenescence are similar to cellular senescence, which is defined as the irreversible loss of proliferation in response to damage and stress. Importantly, senescence cells can develop an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), that also drives non-autonomous cellular senescence and immune dysfunction. Interestingly, viral infection can increase the extent of immune senescence both directly and indirectly, leading to increased immune dysfunction and inflammation, especially in the elderly. This review focuses on age-related immune dysfunction, cellular senescence and the impaired immune response to pathogens.
Toward More Inclusive Work Organizations by Redesigning Work
Authors: Mulders Henny , van Ruitenbeek Gemma , Wagener Bert , Zijlstra Fred
Published: June 2022

Inclusive Work Redesign (IWR) is an innovative strategy to create feasible job opportunities for job seekers from vulnerable groups at the labor market, in particular people with disabilities, in such a way that it contributes to sustainable employment for all staff and to the organization's performance. As an element of active labor market policies (ALMP), in the Netherlands, IWR is used as an instrument for Public Employment Services (PES) and professionals in occupational rehabilitation to support employers, using a demand-oriented approach. IWR is also a potential valuable asset for strategic human resource management (SHRM) aimed at inclusion and sustainable employment. The article describes IWR in the context of social security and staffing problems of organizations, and the application of IWR in the Netherlands and Germany.
Influences on Participation in Life After Spinal Cord Injury: Qualitative Inquiry Reveals Interaction of Context and Moderators
Authors: Amsters Delena , Kendall Melissa , Schuurs Sarita , Kuipers Pim
Published: June 2022

Background

Greater understanding of the influences on participation in life after spinal cord injury (SCI) can inform rehabilitation theory and practice. Careful qualitative inquiry can reveal subjective meanings associated with the relevant experiences, strategies, and perceptions of those with lived experience of SCI. A search of literature, followed by a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies, was undertaken to bring together these insights in a meaningful way.

Methods

The research question guiding the literature review and synthesis was, What do people with SCI perceive to be the influences on their participation in life? Three critical databases were searched for qualitative studies examining influences on participation in life after SCI. Peer-reviewed studies published after 2006, involving adults with SCI living in countries with advanced economies, were included. Data were extracted from 24 articles and subjected to three-level thematic synthesis—the coding of primary data from the studies, the development of descriptive themes based on an organization of those codes, and the generation of analytical themes.

Results

The synthesis yielded five analytical themes, supported by 17 descriptive themes. The analytical themes were (1) external contextual influences, (2) personal physical context, (3) personal psychological context, (4) potential moderators of participation outcomes, and (5) temporal dimensions of participating in life after SCI.

Interpretation

These themes highlight the complex interactions that shape participation from the perspective of people with SCI. Closer examination of the potential moderators may provide insights into effective rehabilitation interventions.

Conclusions

Synthesis of qualitative inquiry provides valuable insights into the perceptions of influences on participation in life from the point of view of people with SCI. The findings of this synthesis are instructive for rehabilitation theory and practice. It can complement what we learn from using the ICF to understand participation.
Re-organise: Game-Based Learning of Circular Business Model Innovation
Authors: Lange Kasper P. H. , Korevaar Gijsbert , Oskam Inge F. , Herder Paulien M.
Published: June 2022

This study furthers game-based learning for circular business model innovation (CBMI), the complex, dynamic process of designing business models according to the circular economy principles. The study explores how game-play in an educational setting affects learning progress on the level of business model elements and from the perspective of six learning categories. We experimented with two student groups using our game education package Re-Organise. All students first studied a reader and a game role description and then filled out a circular business model canvas and a learning reflection. The first group, i.e., the game group, updated the canvas and the reflection in an interactive tutorial after gameplay. The control group submitted their updated canvas and reflection directly after the interactive tutorial without playing the game. The results were analyzed using text-mining and qualitative methods such as word co-occurrence and sentiment polarity. The game group created richer business models (using more waste processing technologies) and reflections with stronger sentiments toward the learning experience. Our detailed study results (i.e., per business model element and learning category) enhance understanding of game-based learning for circular business model innovation while providing directions for improving serious games and accompanying educational packages.
The Body Scaling Effect and Its Impact on Physics Plausibility
Authors: Pouke Matti , Center Evan G. , Chambers Alexis P. , Pouke Sakaria , Ojala Timo , Lavalle Steven M.
Published: June 2022

In this study we investigated the effect of body ownership illusion-based body scaling on physics plausibility in Virtual Reality (VR). Our interest was in examining whether body ownership illusion-based body scaling could affect the plausibility of rigid body dynamics similarly to altering VR users' scale by manipulating their virtual interpupillary distance and viewpoint height. The procedure involved the conceptual replication of two previous studies. We investigated physics plausibility with 40 participants under two conditions. In our synchronous condition, we used visuo-tactile stimuli to elicit a body ownership illusion of inhabiting an invisible doll-sized body on participants reclining on an exam table. Our asynchronous condition was otherwise similar, but the visuo-tactile stimuli were provided asynchronously to prevent the onset of the body ownership illusion. We were interested in whether the correct approximation of physics (true physics) or physics that are incorrect and appearing as if the environment is five times larger instead (movie physics) appear more realistic to participants as a function of body scale. We found thatmovie physicsdid appear more realistic to participants under the body ownership illusion condition. However, our hypothesis thattrue physicswould appear more realistic in the asynchronous condition was unsupported. Our exploratory analyses revealed thatmovie physicswere perceived as plausible under both conditions. Moreover, we were not able to replicate previous findings from literature concerning object size estimations while inhabiting a small invisible body. However, we found a significant opposite effect regarding size estimations; the object sizes were on average underestimated during the synchronous visuo-tactile condition when compared to the asynchronous condition. We discuss these unexpected findings and the potential reasons for the results, and suggest avenues for future research.
Why Do Humans—and Some Animals—Love to Dance?
Authors: Park K. Shin , Hackney Madeleine E. , Hugenschmidt Christina E. , Soriano Christina T. , Etnier Jennifer L.
Published: June 2022

Have you ever lost yourself in dance? Or have you bounced your foot or wiggled with the rhythm of music? Do you find yourself smiling when you do so? You are not alone! From a simple drumbeat to popular rock-and-roll, the sound of music makes people of all ages move along in time to the beat. We see people tapping, clapping, and bouncing when listening to their favorite songs at a concert hall or on their phones. The urge to move with music has been part of all cultures across the world for as long as we have been studying humans. There are even some animal species that like to dance! Why is this? In this article, we explain what it is about music that makes us want to move—and what is happening in our brains when we do. Let us dive into the science behind dance.