bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
أهمية العدل الاجتماعي في الفكر ال ديني: من لاهوت العدل إلى عدالة الضمير
Authors: Mbarek Ali Ben
Published: April 2016

يناقش الكاتب أهمية العدل في الأديان السماوية وكيفية أن تلك الأديان تحث على “ترسيخ قيم التضامن الاجتماعي والتعاون”. بالإضافة إلى تطرق الكاتب إلى “الفكر الديني بالعدل الإلهي” وأن يكون المسلم “عادل?? مع نفسه وأهله وغيره عادل?? في مجتمعه وعمله وعي?? وسلوك?? وثقافة”. ويتطرق الكاتب إلى بعض المثقفين عن الواقع الذي يعيشه “الإنسان العربي وهموم المسلم”، حتى أن الكاتب يؤكد أن العدل هو أساس الوعي “السياسي الاجتماعي”. ويقسم الكاتب الورقة إلى جزئين الجزء الأول يناقش العدل في الخطاب الديني الإبراهيمي، والقسم الثاني يناقش العدل اللاهوتي والعدل الإجتماعي ومحورية الإنسان في الفكر الديني. ففي الجزء الأول يتطرق الكاتب إلى أنه بالرغم من إختلاف الديانات الإبراهيمية إلا أنهم حافظوا على مبدأ “العدل واعتبرته [الأديان] مطلبا محوري?? لا يمكن التنازل عنه”، ويضيف الكاتب أن الأديان الثلاثة تضيف أن العدل لا يأتي فقط عبر الحديث عنه ولكن “العدل في الأفعال”. أما في الجزء الثاني فيناقش الكاتب مبدأ العدل في الأفراد في “الأسرة والمجتمع”، ذكر الأمثال من حيث تطبيق العدل في المجتمع وصعوبة تطبيق العدل في المجتمع. بالإضافة إلى مساهمة العدل في “البناء الفكري والعقدي”، وأن العدل “جزء لا يتجزأ من التقاليد الدينية الإبراهيمية”.
Editorial
Authors: Laude Patrick
Published: April 2016

Justice is an essential dimension of religious teachings and religious consciousness. In fact it could be argued that religion, in its central inspiration, is nothing else than the realization of justice. The Gospel of Matthew teaches “seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his justice and all these things shall be added unto you” (Matthew 6 :33). This is an unambiguous indication that justice is primary in the religious search since it flows, or should flow, from the search for God. The Greek word used for justice is in this passage dikaiosyne, which is akin to righteousness and, through its connection to dike, the human reality of law and justice that is born from divine justice.

In Islam, justice stems from the discernment of the shahādah, and the consequent ability to give all realities, all human and non-human beings, their respective due, and sometimes more, in mercy and love. The just are both wise and generous, they embrace both intelligence and love. Their justice is first of all objectivity, or the ability to make abstraction of one's interests, and consequently charity vis-à-vis others that stems from our unity in humanness through the divine “imprint” of our theomorphic nature, and manifests itself in the forms that are most consonant with our respective vocations, destinies and circumstances. The Quran beautifully expresses this conjunction of objectivity and love in one of its most poignant calls for justice: “O ye who believe! Be steadfast witnesses for Allah in equity (qawwāmīn li-llāh shuhudāha bi-l-qist), and let not hatred of any people seduce you that ye deal not justly (allā; ta'dalū). Deal justly (a'dilū), that is nearer to your duty (li-l-taqwa). Observe your duty to Allah. Lo! Allah is informed of what ye do”.

Justice is truth in action. It presupposes an ability to be objective about oneself, and objective about others. It therefore presupposes a degree of command over one's egocentric impulses, as well as, by extension, over one's sentimental identification with a particular group, culture or nation. Justice is an ability to transcend oneself to recognize the right of others. To the extent that religion teaches the ways of transcending oneself it is also all about justice.

Today justice is almost entirely identified with social justice, which is only one of its manifestations. Religions preach justice for all, and particularly for the weak, but they also stress – and that is what distinguishes them most clearly from merely humanistic ethics, that social forms of injustice do not only nor primarily result from external factors, or structures, but from the fundamental inner injustice that gives rise to, and sustains, these very structures and factors. Justice starts at home, in the heart that chooses and loves the true.
Interview with Tariq Ramadan
Authors: Ramadan Tariq
Published: April 2016

Prof. Tariq Ramadan discusses the meaning of Justice in Islam. He stresses the fact that “justice is a condition of peace because the highest principle is to enter into God's peace, with all your heart and all your being. No justice no peace.” Justice is thus strongly connected with the concepts of khilafa and jihad which should not be reduced to their political dimension. “Jihad is a twofold concept: it involves both resisting the bad and reforming it in view of the good. It is not the way towards war it is the way towards peace because we are trying to reach justice which is peace.”
In Search of Elusive Notions of Islamic Justice in Elusive Contexts
Authors: Esack Farid
Published: April 2016

Prof. Farid Esack reflects on the challenges facing contemporary Muslim intellectuals in the task of understanding justice. He identifies tree main challenges: how to live in fidelity to this heritage? how to speak the truth to power? and finally how to re-interpret the Islamic heritage and re-apply its fundamental principles in terms of the primary urgencies of today?
Estimation of diameter and height of individual trees for Pinus sylvestris L. based on the individualising of crowns using airborne LiDAR and the National Forestry Inventory data.
Authors: Valbuena-Rabadán Manuel-Ángel , Santamaría-Peña Jacinto , Sanz-Adán Félix
Published: April 2016

Aim of study: The objective of this study is to test the validity of the DBH and total height allometric models fitted to the crown polygon data obtained by the application of a crown delineation and individualisation algorithm which uses the geometrical relationships between the points in the original LiDAR point clouds in the Pinus sylvestris L. stands.Area of study: The study area is located in the province of Álava in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country.Material and Methods: The crowns are delineated using data from airborne LiDAR point clouds obtained in the 2008 overflight of the Basque Autonomous Community. The DBH and total height data for field trees are obtained from the plots in the 4th National forest inventory.Main Results: For the adjusted total height and DBH models coefficients of determination of 0.87 and 0.74 respectively were obtained. The root mean squared errors were 10.67% and 18.97% respectively. The distributions of obtained DBH and total height fitted values and the distributions of the DBH and total height of the field trees are very similar except for the DBH below 15 cm.Research highlights: For stands of Pinus sylvestris L. in Álava, the geometrical relationships between the points that correspond to laser signal echoes obtained with airborne LiDAR sensors can be used directly to delineate approximations of the horizontal projections of the crowns of the trees. Although the procedure set out here was developed for stands of P. sylvestris L. in Álava, it can be applied to other conifers in regular stands by adjusting the working parameters of the function which delineates the crowns on the basis of the point cloud.Abbreviations used: IFN4: 4th National Forest Inventory; Ht: Field Tree Height; Hl: LiDAR Tree Height; DCL: LiDAR Crown Diameter.
The influence of topographic variation on forest structure in two woody plant communities: A remote sensing approach
Authors: Ediriweera Sisira , Danaher Tim , Pathirana Sumith
Published: April 2016

Aim of study:  The study aimed to characterise variation in structural attributes of vegetation in relation to variations in topographic position using LIDAR data over landscapes.Area of study: The study was conducted in open canopy eucalypt-dominated forest (Richmond Range National Park-RRNP) and closed canopy subtropical rainforest (Border Ranges National Park-BRNP) in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia.Material and Methods: one metre resolution digital canopy height model (CHM) was extracted from the LIDAR data and used to estimate maximum overstorey height and crown area. LIDAR fractional cover representing the photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic component of canopy was calculated using LIDAR points aggregated into 50 m spatial bins. Potential solar insolation, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), slope and the elevation were processed using LIDAR derived digital elevation models.Main results: No relationship was found between maximum overstorey height and insolation gradient in the BRNP. Maximum overstorey height decreased with increasing insolation in the RRNP (R2 0.45). Maximum overstorey height increased with increasing TWI in the RRNP. Average crown area decreased with increasing insolation in both study areas. LIDAR fractional cover decreased with increasing insolation (R2 0.54), and increased with increasing TWI (R2 0.57) in the RRNP.Research highlights: The characterization of structural parameters of vegetation in relation to the variation of the topography was possible in eucalyptus dominated open canopy forest.  No reportable difference in variation of structural elements of vegetation was detected with topographic variation of subtropical rainforest.
The effects of fire severity on ectomycorrhizal colonization and morphometric features in Pinus pinaster Ait. seedlings
Authors: Vásquez-Gassibe Pablo , Oria-de-Rueda Juan-Andrés , Santos-del-Blanco Luis , Martín-Pinto Pablo
Published: April 2016

Aim of the study: Mycorrhizal fungi in Mediterranean forests play a key role in the complex process of recovery after wildfires. A broader understanding of an important pyrophytic species as Pinus pinaster and its fungal symbionts is thus necessary for forest restoration purposes. This study aims to assess the effects of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis on maritime pine seedlings and how fire severity affects fungal colonization ability.Area of study: Central Spain, in a Mediterranean region typically affected by wildfires dominated by Pinus pinaster, a species adapted to fire disturbance.Material and Methods: We studied P. pinaster root apexes from seedlings grown in soils collected one year after fire in undisturbed sites, sites moderately affected by fire and sites highly affected by fire. Natural ectomycorrhization was observed at the whole root system level as well as at two root vertical sections (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). We also measured several morphometric traits (tap root length, shoot length, dry biomass of shoots and root/shoot ratio), which were used to test the influence of fire severity and soil chemistry upon them.Main results: Ectomycorrhizal colonization in undisturbed soils for total and separated root vertical sections was higher than in soils that had been affected by fire to some degree. Inversely, seedling vegetative size increased according to fire severity.Research highlights: Fire severity affected soil properties and mycorrhizal colonization one year after occurrence, thus affecting plant development. These findings can contribute to a better knowledge of the factors mediating successful establishment of P. pinaster in Mediterranean forests after wildfires.
Shifts in soil fungal communities in Tuber melanosporum plantations over a 20-year transition from agriculture fields to oak woodlands
Authors: Bing Liu , Fischer Christine R. , Bonet José-Antonio , Castaño Carles , Colinas Carlos
Published: April 2016

Aim of study: To explore the diversity of soil fungi found in black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantations following the introduction of the mycorrhizal-colonized host tree, (Quercus ilex), through the development of the brûlé and production of mature sporocarps.Area of study: This research was carried out province of Teruel, Aragon (central eastern Spain).Material and Methods: Soil samples from 6 plantations were collected beneath Q. ilex trees inoculated with T. melanosporum, of 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 20 years after out planting in truffle plantations. Soil DNA was extracted, PCR-amplified and sequenced to compare soil fungi present at different ages.Main results: As tree age increased, we observed an increased frequency of T. melanosporum (from 8% to 71% of sequenced colonies) and concomitant decrease in the combined frequency of Fusarium spp. and Phoma spp. (from 64% to 3%).Research highlights: There are important shifts in species richness and in functional groups in the soil fungal communities in maturing black truffle-oak woodland plantations. The observed inverse relationship between the frequency of soil endophytic and/or pathogenic fungi and that of the mycorrhizal mutualist T. melanosporum provides support to continue a deeper analysis of shifts in fungal communities and functional groups where there is a transition from agriculture fields to woodlands.Abbreviations used: Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) fungus; Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM); Operational taxonomic unit (OTU).
Comparing Johnson’s SBB, Weibull and Logit-Logistic bivariate distributions for modeling tree diameters and heights using copulas
Authors: Gorgoso-Varela Jose Javier , García-Villabrille Juan Daniel , Rojo-Alboreca Alberto , Von Gadow Klaus , Álvarez-González Juan Gabriel
Published: April 2016

Aim of study: In this study we compare the accuracy of three bivariate distributions: Johnson’s SBB, Weibull-2P and LL-2P functions for characterizing the joint distribution of tree diameters and heights.Area of study: North-West of Spain.Material and methods: Diameter and height measurements of 128 plots of pure and even-aged Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) stands located in the North-west of Spain were considered in the present study. The SBB bivariate distribution was obtained from SB marginal distributions using a Normal Copula based on a four-parameter logistic transformation. The Plackett Copula was used to obtain the bivariate models from the Weibull and Logit-logistic univariate marginal distributions. The negative logarithm of the maximum likelihood function was used to compare the results and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the related samples of these logarithms calculated for each sample plot and each distribution.Main results: The best results were obtained by using the Plackett copula and the best marginal distribution was the Logit-logistic.Research highlights: The copulas used in this study have shown a good performance for modeling the joint distribution of tree diameters and heights. They could be easily extended for modelling multivariate distributions involving other tree variables, such as tree volume or biomass.
Contribution of Family-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Program to Attitude and Self-efficacy of Mothers Trained by Mental Health Facilitators
Authors: Khoshzaban Eilnaz , Matlabi Hossein
Published: April 2016

Family plays a key role in the prevention and intervention of drug abuse among children and teenagers. Information about drugs provides parents with the exact knowledge on how to demonstrate attitudes and healthy behaviours. Therefore, the present study tried to investigate the effect of preventive and interventional trainings on self-efficacy and attitudes of mothers covered by mental health facilitators (MHFs) in this regard. This interventional study used case and control groups/pretest-posttest design. Based on the inclusion criteria, randomized sampling, and sample size formulation, 150 qualified mothers were recruited. Eligible participants were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. A researcher-designed and self-administered questionnaire was used to gather the required data. Six instructive, communicative oral sessions and individual interviews were held by the facilitators for case group members. After two months, attitudes and self-efficacy of the mothers toward drug abuse issues were measured again by the same questionnaire. The results showed that the difference in intervention and control group was significant in terms of increasing self-efficacy and modifying attitudes (p<0.001). Furthermore, the case group members reported less misconceptions, stigma, and ignorance toward those suffering from addiction.
2016/4 Transferee liable for transferor’s overdue pension contributions (NL)
Authors: Even Zef
Published: April 2016

2016/4 Transferee liable for transferee’s overdue pension contributions (NL)

If both the transferor and transferee are affiliated to one and the same mandatory industry-level pension fund, the transferee is liable vis-à-vis that pension fund for pension contributions (premiums) due but not paid to that fund prior to the date of transfer. A judgment to this effect, which was reported in EELC in 2013/35, was recently confirmed on appeal.
2016/8 A limited company that was a member of an LLP was allowed to bring a claim alleging direct discrimination by the LLP (UK)
Authors: Chan Florence
Published: April 2016

2016/8 A limited company that was a member of an LLP was allowed to bring a claim alleging direct discrimination by the LLP (UK)

Mr Abrams was a member of a limited liability partnership (LLP) and was due to retire. For tax reasons, shortly before retirement Mr Abrams decided to set up a limited company to take his place as a member of the LLP. This was accepted by the LLP. Mr Abrams’s employment by the LLP was stopped and he no longer had a continuing contractual relationship with it. The limited company, as a member of the LLP, was entitled to receive the profit share that Mr Abrams would have received had he continued as a member. It was also agreed that this limited company would supply the services of an appropriate fee-earner to the LLP (which was, in practice, Mr Abrams).

When Mr Abrams reached retirement age, the LLP tried to terminate his services on the basis that he had reached retirement age and the LLP objected to Mr Abrams’s limited company continuing to be a member of the LLP.

Mr Abrams and his company brought a claim of age discrimination against the LLP at the Employment Tribunal (ET) and the ET had to decide if a limited company could bring such a claim, which was effectively that it had suffered detrimental treatment because of a protected characteristic of someone with whom it was associated. The ET decided it could and the respondent appealed to the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT).
2016/10 Associative victimisation claim allowed to proceed (UK)
Authors: Bond Anna
Published: April 2016

2016/10 Associative victimisation claim allowed to proceed (UK)

The Employment Appeal Tribunal (‘EAT’) has allowed a claim of ‘associative victimisation’ to proceed, reversing an Employment Tribunal (‘ET’) judge’s decision to strike it out. Victimisation occurs where someone is subjected to a detriment because of a ‘protected act’ (such as alleging discrimination). In this case, the claimant claimed he had been subjected to a detriment because someone else associated with him had alleged discrimination. The second ET judge to hear the case held that there was not a close enough connection between the claimant and those who made the allegation of discrimination, and struck out the claim. The EAT held that the judge was wrong to find that Mr Thompson was required to show some particular relationship to the person whose protected act was relied upon, and in fact the association could be entirely in the mind of the employer. Association will be a question of fact in each case.

This was the first case in the UK to find that it is possible to bring a claim of victimisation by association, and could represent a significant development in UK discrimination law.
2016/13 Compensation for wrongful dismissal includes loss of equity income (LU)
Authors: Molitor Michel
Published: April 2016

2016/13 Compensation for wrongful dismissal includes loss of equity income (LU)

The compensation for an employee who is a victim of unlawful dismissal should be as comprehensive as possible, but only harm that is directly linked to the dismissal should be compensated. Material damage suffered by an employee in a senior position may include benefits such as profit shares received in his or her position as an equity partner. In this case, the Court of Appeal ordered a firm to pay a former employee the exceptional amount of more than one million Euros in compensation for wrongful dismissal.
2016/14 Compensation in lieu of paid leave, if not time-barred, can be inherited by a deceased employee’s heirs (GE)
Authors: Schreiner Paul , Hellenkemper Dagmar
Published: April 2016

2016/14 Compensation in lieu of paid leave, if not time-barred, can be inherited by a deceased employee’s heirs (GE)

An employee who does not recover from illness during the calendar year in which he accrues paid leave (the ‘leave year’) and who continues to be incapable of taking that leave, loses the right to take it 15 months after the end of the leave year, i.e. on March 31 of the second calendar year following the leave year. If his employment terminates within that 15 month period, his entitlement to leave converts into a claim for payment in lieu, and as such, can be claimed by his heirs if he dies.
A Curriculum for Introductory Systematic Review Searching for Researchers
Authors: Campbell Sandra Melody , Yu Chen Kung Janice , Dennett Liz
Published: April 2016

Systematic review searching is becoming an increasing part of the day-to-day work of health librarians. The University of Alberta John W. Scott Health Sciences Library offers a monthly three-hour “Introduction to Systematic Review Searching” workshop to researchers at the University of Alberta. Over the four years that the program has been offered, participants have completed evaluations at the end of each session. Based on these evaluations, the content and the delivery of the workshop have been refined, and the value of the sessions to the participants has been affirmed.
Simulated rat intestinal fluid improves oral exposure prediction for poorly soluble compounds over a wide dose range
Authors: Berghausen Joerg , Seiler Frank Hans , Gobeau Nathalie , Faller Bernard
Published: April 2016

Solubility can be the absorption limiting factor for drug candidates and is therefore a very important input parameter for oral exposure prediction of compounds with limited solubility. Biorelevant media of the fasted and fed state have been published for humans, as well as for dogs in the fasted state. In a drug discovery environment, rodents are the most common animal model to assess the oral exposure of drug candidates. In this study a rat simulated intestinal fluid (rSIF) is proposed as a more physiologically relevant media to describe drug solubility in rats. Equilibrium solubility in this medium was tested as input parameter for physiologically-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) simulations of oral pharmacokinetics in the rat. Simulations were compared to those obtained using other solubility values as input parameters, like buffer at pH 6.8, human simulated intestinal fluid and a comprehensive dissolution assay based on rSIF. Our study on nine different compounds demonstrates that the incorporation of rSIF equilibrium solubility values into PBPK models of oral drug exposure can significantly improve the reliability of simulations in rats for doses up to 300 mg/kg compared to other media. The comprehensive dissolution assay may help to improve further simulation outcome, but the greater experimental effort as compared to equilibrium solubility may limit its use in a drug discovery environment. Overall, PBPK simulations based on solubility in the proposed rSIF medium can improve prioritizing compounds in drug discovery as well as planning dose escalation studies, e.g. during toxicological investigations.
A Quick Assay for the Quantitation of Fumonisin B1 and B2 in Maize Samples by Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Vega Victor A
Published: April 2016

A quick and effective extraction of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) in corn samples is described. The samples were extracted with an 80% acetonitrile–water solution, followed by a second extraction using an 80% methanol–water solution. The extract was then subjected to an immunoaffinity column for cleanup. Quantitation was then obtained by LC/MS. LC/MS parameters were optimized resulting in a 3 min run time. Corn certified reference materials (CRMs) at three different levels were analyzed. For the lowest level, a corn CRM sample containing 0.6 ppm of FB1 and 0.1 ppm of FB2 was analyzed. For the midlevel, analysis of a corn CRM sample containing 1.2 ppm FB1 and 0.3 ppm FB2 was conducted. A sample containing 3.6 ppm FB1 and 0.8 ppm FB2 was also analyzed. All recoveries were calculated using an external standard curve. Recoveries from all CRM samples ranged from 70 to 110%. Confirmation for both analytes in the sample extracts at each level was accomplished by comparing MS/MS spectra of the samples against those of the standards. This method provides a rapid, specific, robust, and easily controlled assay for the analysis of fumonisin in corn samples.
Καταβολἠ κόσμου in Clemente e Origene
Authors: Monfrinotti Matteo ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: April 2016

The study intends to treat the merits of the phrase καταβολὴ κόσμου as it is interpreted and applied by Clement of Alexandria and Origen. It also aims to determine whether within these two authors, who share the same philosophical and theological background, there are convergent or divergent viewpoints concerning an expression which assumes significant importance especially in protological reflection.
Due antiocheni periferici
Authors: Voicu Sever J. ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: April 2016

Severian of Gabala’s homilies and Pseudo-Theodoret’s Quaestiones et responsiones ad Orthodoxos (CPG 6285; = QRO) exhibit some notable parallels. Such links show that a marginal current of the Antiochene school was still thriving by the end of the 5th century, i.e. the most probable date of QRO.
Arianesimo e Omeismo
Authors: Simonetti Manlio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: April 2016

Contrary to the position sustained in recent German- and English-language studies, the Author of this note rejects the suitability of using the modern and generic term “Homoianism” to describe the different subordinationist doctrinal positions circulating during the second half of the fourth century. In the case of Eudoxius, Valens, Urascius and Ulfila, among others, it is more appropriate to continue to speak in terms of “Arianism”, as their Nicene opponents had already realized, not without reason.
Il Commento a Isaia di Basilio di Cesarea. Una replica
Authors: Cattaneo Enrico ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: April 2016

In a recent book (Il Commento a Isaia di Basilo di Cesarea, Roma 2014 [SEA 139]) Cattaneo argued without hesitation for the authenticity of that Basilian work (PG 30, 117-668). Prof. Manlio Simonetti in his review of this book – Augustinianum 54 (2014), 561-567 – expressed an opinion totally opposed, believing inconclusive the arguments presented by the Author. With this reply, the Author tries to answer the objections of Simonetti, and concludes by confirming his original position.
A new genus of ground and litter-dwelling pholcine spiders from Sarawak (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Authors: Huber Bernhard A.
Published: April 2016

Two small, ground and litter-dwelling pholcid species from northern Borneo are described as representatives of a new genus, Hantu gen. nov.: H. kapit gen. et sp. nov. and H. niah gen. et sp. nov. Previous cladistic analyses suggested a closer relationship with the genera Savarna Huber, 2005 and Khorata Huber, 2005 (mainland Southeast Asia) than with the geographically closer genus Aetana Huber, 2005 (Borneo and Philippines to Fiji). Since the two species do not share any of the synapomorphies of Khorata and Savarna while having several synapomorphies on their own (ventral apophysis on male palpal coxa; male palpal trochanter apophysis with small teeth or scales; spines on male femora 1; high density of vertical hairs on male femora; presence of scape on epigynum), they are here proposed as representing a new genus.
Modeling Cystic Fibrosis Using Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Simsek Senem , Zhou Ting , Robinson Christopher L. , Tsai Su-Yi , Crespo Miguel , Amin Sadaf , Lin Xiangyi , Hon Jane , Evans Todd , Chen Shuibing
Published: April 2016

We established an efficient strategy to direct human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line derived from patients with cystic fibrosis, to differentiate into pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). After purification, more than 98% of hESC-derived PDECs expressed functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. In addition, iPSC lines were derived from a patient with CF carrying compound frameshift and mRNA splicing mutations and were differentiated to PDECs. PDECs derived from Weill Cornell cystic fibrosis (WCCF)-iPSCs showed defective expression of mature CFTR protein and impaired chloride ion channel activity, recapitulating functional defects of patients with CF at the cellular level. These studies provide a new methodology to derive pure PDECs expressing CFTR and establish a “disease in a dish” platform to identify drug candidates to rescue the pancreatic defects of patients with CF.

Significance

An efficient strategy was established to direct human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and an induced pluripotent stem cell line derived from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF-iPSCs), to differentiate into pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). After purification, more than 98% of hESC-PDECs derived from CF-iPSCs showed defective expression of mature cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein and impaired chloride ion channel activity, recapitulating functional pancreatic defects of patients with CF at the cellular level. These studies provide a new methodology for deriving pure PDECs expressing CFTR, and they establish a “disease-in-a-dish” platform for identifying drug candidates to rescue the pancreatic defects of these patients.
Editorial Board Thoughts: The Importance of Staff Change Management in the Face of the Growing “Cloud”
Authors: Dehmlow Mark
Published: April 2016

Editorial Board Thoughts: The Importance of Staff Change Management in the Face of the Growing “Cloud”
Quand les créatifs contestent le crowdsourcing : une approche netnographique
Authors: Renault Sophie
Published: April 2016

Avec le développement du crowdsourcing , de nombreuses organisations sollicitent les ressources et compétences dont la foule dispose. Pour une organisation, les bénéfices du recours au crowdsourcing apparaissent nombreux. Pourtant, des voix s’élèvent pour en dénoncer le côté obscur, notamment celles de créatifs professionnels qui le considèrent comme la « gangrène » de leur métier. A l’appui d’une démarche netnographique, notre recherche explore les raisons pour lesquelles certains créatifs contestent le crowdsourcing . Nous proposons alors aux plateformes plusieurs pistes de réponse aux critiques auxquelles elles sont confrontées.
Obsolescence perçue, décision de renouveler et destinée des produits : le cas du téléphone portable
Authors: Kreziak Dominique , Prim-Allaz Isabelle , Robinot Élisabeth , Durif Fabien
Published: April 2016

L’accélération du renouvellement des produits technologiques, avant leur fin de vie technique, est un enjeu économique, sociétal et environnemental majeur. Elle est en partie provoquée par les actions des marques pour rendre leurs gammes rapidement obsolètes. Elle est également liée au remplacement anticipé, par les consommateurs, de produits encore fonctionnels. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier et de comprendre le destin des produits, du moment de la décision de leur remplacement prise par le consommateur (obsolescence perçue) jusqu’à leur destinée finale. L’étude qualitative menée sur 64 personnes, en utilisant le cas du téléphone portable, a permis d’identifier quatre formes d’obsolescence : technologique, économique, psychologique et sociale. La majorité des répondants garde leur ancien produit, le privant ainsi d’une deuxième vie. Cependant, si l’état du téléphone au moment du changement n’influence pas le fait de le garder ou de s’en débarrasser, il semble influencer la destinée que lui réservent ceux qui décident de s’en débarrasser. Enfin, la nature de la valeur perçue du téléphone portable évolue entre le moment de son remplacement et la décision concernant sa destinée, passant d’une valeur d’usage à une valeur résiduelle.
Les internautes face au gaspillage alimentaire : entre préoccupation et scepticisme
Authors: Le Borgne Guillaume , Sirieix Lucie , Forgeau Fanny , Costa Sandrine , Vo Ngoc Gagneux Cécile
Published: April 2016

Le gaspillage alimentaire est un sujet de débat occupant une place croissante, en particulier sur le web social. L’analyse détaillée de 252 commentaires d’internautes en réaction à des publications sur le gaspillage alimentaire indique une réelle préoccupation pour le sujet, mais aussi un rejet de la « faute » sur d’autres acteurs, et un certain scepticisme vis-à-vis des campagnes orientées vers le consommateur, pouvant aller jusqu’à un rejet total de ces messages. Cette étude débouche sur des préconisations pour les pouvoirs publics et les entreprises pour l’acceptation des initiatives visant à sensibiliser au gaspillage et à le réduire.
Comment prévoir le succès d’une innovation de rupture ? Le cas du véhicule électrique
Authors: Von Pechmann Félix , Chamaret Cécile , Parguel Béatrice , Midler Christophe
Published: April 2016

Prévoir la demande pour une innovation de rupture constitue un véritable défi pour les managers comme pour les chercheurs. Souhaitant le relever, cet article propose un modèle de prévision spatial original, USIDDI (Usercentric SImulation for the Deployment of Disruptive Innovations) , fondé sur l’étude de la compatibilité de chaque individu avec l’innovation. L’article utilise le marché du véhicule électrique pour tester empiriquement ce modèle et illustrer la nature des recommandations qu’il permet de formuler à destination des industriels et des décideurs publics pour accélérer le déploiement des innovations de rupture.
L’impact de la concomitance de troubles liés à la consommation de substance et de troubles de santé mentale sur les comportements à risque en fonction de l’âge
Authors: Coleman-Cowger Victoria H. , Baumer Pamela C. , Dennis Michael L. , Scott Christy K.
Published: April 2016

Objectif : Examiner la relation entre la concomitance de troubles liés à la consommation de drogues (TCD) et d’autres troubles de santé mentale (ATSM) et une vaste gamme de comportements à risque pour le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH).

Méthode : Les données sont tirées d’une étude auprès de 17 141 jeunes âgés de 12 à 25 ans entreprenant l’un de 148 programmes de traitement pour adolescents et jeunes adultes aux États-Unis. On a administré aux jeunes l’Évaluation globale des besoins individuels (questionnaire GAIN) au moment de leur entrée dans leur programme et lors d’au moins une visite de suivi trimestrielle sur une période de 12 mois. Parmi les participants, 90 % étaient des adolescents (âgés de 12 à 17 ans), 10 % étaient en phase de transition (âgés de 18 à 25 ans), 72 % étaient de sexe masculin, 39 % étaient d’origine caucasienne, 16 % étaient d’origine afro-américaine, 26 % étaient d’origine hispano-américaine, 3 % étaient d’une autre ethnie et 16 % étaient pluriethniques. Environ 61 % des autoévaluations respectaient le critère de troubles liés à la consommation de drogues (TCD) et d’autres troubles de santé mentale (ATSM) dans l’année précédente, 18 % respectaient celui de TCD seulement et 10 % d’ATSM seulement. Les caractéristiques démographiques et cliniques des jeunes en phase de transition étaient similaires, quoiqu’un plus haut pourcentage de ceux-ci (25 %) ont déclaré un TCD seulement.

Résultats : Dans les deux groupes d’âge, les individus ayant des TCD et d’ATSM concomitants étaient invariablement les plus susceptibles de déclarer les comportements suivants au cours de la dernière année : utilisation de seringues ; partage de seringues ; relation sexuelle non protégée ; multiples partenaires sexuels ; échange de faveurs sexuelles ; partenaires sexuels à risque élevé ; historique de victimisation physique, émotionnelle et sexuelle ; automutilation ; idéation suicidaire ; idées de meurtre ; activités illégales et violence envers les autres. Les jeunes en phase de transition avaient aussi le plus haut taux de visites à l’urgence et un coût pour la société plus important. La concomitance de TCD et d’ATSM a aussi des effets sur les résultats après les traitements. Même si les troubles se manifestent et se terminent avec une gravité accrue dans ce sous-groupe, de l’admission au suivi, celui-ci rapportait les plus importantes baisses dans plusieurs comportements à risque, dans la consommation de drogues, dans les troubles émotifs, dans les activités illégales et dans le coût pour la société.

Discussion : Les répercussions de ces résultats sont discutées et des stratégies potentielles sont suggérées pour améliorer l’efficacité des traitements et les services de soutien au rétablissement pour ces jeunes.
Dépression et toxicomanie à l’adolescence : intervenir ensemble pour prévenir le suicide
Authors: Renaud Johanne , Zanga Jean-Chrysostome , Mikedis Theodora , Blondin-Lavoie Didier
Published: April 2016

Les multiples défis que pose l’adolescence sont évidents pour tous : place dans la famille, socialisation avec les pairs, apprentissage tant intellectuel, que sportif ou artistique. Qu’en est-il lorsqu’en chemin l’adolescent développe un problème de dépression, une utilisation répétée de substances et un risque suicidaire accru ? La course à obstacles ne fait que commencer pour les proches et les intervenants impliqués, qui peuvent rapidement se sentir submergés par la situation. Comment intervenir efficacement auprès de ces jeunes et de leurs familles ? Cette problématique comporte des enjeux cliniques, psychosociaux et de confidentialité auxquels les différents intervenants sont confrontés. Cet article de réflexion porte sur les pratiques cliniques entourant le traitement des adolescents aux prises avec une dépression, une problématique suicidaire et une utilisation de substances. Celle-ci s’appuie sur notre pratique clinique à l’Institut Douglas dans un programme spécialisé en 2e et 3e lignes dans la prise en charge des adolescents aux prises avec la dépression. L’examen de la littérature scientifique permet d’étoffer cette réflexion. Il nous faut chercher des pistes de solution concertées quant à ces défis de taille, qui peuvent souvent conduire les intervenants en marge de leurs pratiques usuelles. Nous présenterons d’une part les articulations entre la dépression et la toxicomanie à l’adolescence, et réfléchirons d’autre part sur l’amélioration du cadre d’évaluation et d’intervention en lien avec le phénomène du suicide pendant cette phase du développement.
Activités et types de jeux reliés aux problèmes de consommation de substances chez les jeunes
Authors: Brunelle Natacha , Leclerc Danielle , Dufour Magali , Lapierre Vanessa , Cousineau Marie-Marthe , Gendron Annie , Ste-Marie Marianne
Published: April 2016

La consommation de substances psychoactives (SPA) et la participation à des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) font partie des conduites à risque à l’adolescence. Certaines études montrent que le fait de jouer à des JHA et celui d’éprouver des problèmes de JHA sont associés aux problèmes de consommation de SPA chez les jeunes, mais elles documentent peu quelles activités (nature et quantité) et types de JHA (Internet ou non-Internet) sont plus spécifiquement reliés aux problèmes de consommation de SPA à l’adolescence. Les travaux de la présente étude visent à explorer les liens entre les activités de JHA, le nombre de JHA et les types de JHA d’une part, et les SPA consommées ainsi que la gravité de la consommation de SPA, d’autre part. Pour ce faire, une étude a été réalisée entre 2007 et 2009 auprès de 1 870 élèves de la 3e à la 5e année du secondaire, âgés de 14 à 18 ans. Un questionnaire sur les habitudes de JHA (DSM-IV-MR-J) et un autre sur la consommation de SPA (DEP-ADO) leur ont été administrés. Les résultats montrent notamment que les jeunes polyconsommateurs (alcool et cannabis) s’adonnent aux JHA dans une proportion plus élevée que les consommateurs d’alcool seulement. Aussi, le fait de jouer avec des appareils de loterie vidéo (ALV) semble être associé à une gravité plus importante de la consommation de SPA que les autres activités de JHA. Par ailleurs, une gravité plus élevée de la consommation de SPA est manifestée chez ceux qui s’adonnent à un plus grand nombre d’activités de JHA différentes. Les jeunes jouant avec les ALV et ceux faisant des paris sportifs s’adonnent à un nombre moyen de JHA différents plus important. Enfin, les joueurs Internet de l’échantillon présentent des problèmes de consommation de SPA plus graves que les joueurs non-Internet. Les implications cliniques de ces résultats sont discutées.
A primeira gazeta da Bahia: idade d'Ouro do Brazil
Authors: Beatriz Nizza da Silva Maria
Published: April 2016

Neste livro, a historiadora luso-portuguesa Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva faz uma análise da gazeta editada na Bahia a partir de 1811, resgatando e revelando a Cidade da Bahia durante o período colonial, através de uma perspectiva social e cultural e um olhar lançado sob as práticas comunicacionais do período. A Idade d’Ouro do Brazil, publicação implantada por Manuel Antônio de Castro, foi uma verdadeira revolução na Bahia, dando impulso à sua imprensa.
Progress in Corneal Stromal Repair: From Tissue Grafts and Biomaterials to Modular Supramolecular Tissue‐Like Assemblies
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Pandit Abhay , Zeugolis Dimitrios I.
Published: April 2016

Corneal injuries and degenerative conditions have major socioeconomic consequences, given that in most cases, they result in blindness. In the quest of the ideal therapy, tissue grafts, biomaterials, and modular engineering approaches are under intense investigation. Herein, advancements and shortfalls are reviewed and future perspectives for these therapeutic strategies discussed.
Physical activity levels and quality of life relate to collagen turnover and inflammation changes after running
Authors: Cattano Nicole M. , Driban Jeffrey B. , Barbe Mary F. , Tierney Ryan , Amin Mamta , Sitler Michael R.
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an association existed between self‐reported symptom and function scores and tissue turnover or inflammatory biomarker changes after a running bout among individuals with and without an acute knee‐injury history. A pre‐test/post‐test prospective cohort study design (Level II) of 22 participants was conducted. Eleven physically active individuals with a history of anterior cruciate ligament surgery and/or meniscus surgery within 4 years of study participation were matched to 11 healthy control participants. All participants completed self‐reported outcome measures (Knee Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score and Tegner activity level) assessing knee symptoms and functional levels prior to the run. Blood samples were taken both pre‐ and post‐30‐minute run at a prescribed pace on a treadmill to determine serum biomarker concentration changes. Tegner activity levels were inversely related to type II collagen/type II collagen synthesis marker ratio biomarker changes after the run (r = −0.45, p = 0.01). Quality‐of‐life scores pre‐exercise were inversely related to interleukin‐1β changes after the run (r = −0.50, p = 0.02). No other correlation coefficients were statistically significant (r = −0.39 to 0.36). Ultimately, individuals with lower activity and quality‐of‐life scores experienced greater increases in collagen turnover and inflammation after a running bout, respectively. A gradual increase in activity (e.g., frequency, duration, intensity) may be warranted in this group prior to returning to activities that involve running. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:612–617, 2017.
Title Nau: The Impact of Title IX on Women's Education in the U.S. and What it Means for India
Authors: Adams Taylor , Zhang Zihe , Holmes Rebecca , Shah Pratik
Published: April 2016

This research investigates the impact of Title IX on women's education in the U.S. and how a comparable policy in India could improve women's education in India. The existing education policies in the U.S. and India were thoroughly reviewed to understand the impact of Title IX on female education over the past 40 years and to recognize gaps in Indian policy. Data from the U.S. Census Bureau, NSF through WebCASPAR and the India Ministry of Human Resource Development was reviewed through descriptive analysis. Different variables from primary, secondary and tertiary education were examined. It was determined that Title IX improved the outcomes for nearly all the markers for female education within the U.S. Thus, the research concluded that despite differences between the educational frameworks of both countries, a form of Title IX policy in India would be beneficial in reducing the gender inequality present in the education system.
Self-Consumption and Compromised Rebirth in Dabydeen’s “Turner”
Authors: Austen Veronica J.
Published: April 2016

This article, which focuses on David Dabydeen’s long poem “Turner” (1994), addresses acts of eating/excreting as reflections of power relations while also figuring cultural regeneration as a pursuit of nourishment. Through acts of consumption, the speaker of “Turner” seeks to forge a continuum whereby the past feeds the future and the future satiates the emptiness caused by colonialism and the slave trade. Nevertheless, in “Turner,” this emptiness cannot be overcome, and acts of cultural feeding are not regenerative but instead destructively self-consumptive.
Neighbourhood characteristics and the incidence of first-episode psychosis and duration of untreated psychosis
Authors: O'Donoghue B. , Lyne J. P. , Renwick L. , Lane A. , Madigan K. , Staines A. , O'Callaghan E. , Clarke M.
Published: April 2016

Background

The incidence of psychotic disorders varies between geographical areas and it has been hypothesized that neighbourhood-level factors may influence this variation. It is also plausible that the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with neighbourhood characteristics. The aims of this study were to determine whether the incidence of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the DUP are associated with the level of social deprivation, fragmentation, social capital and population density.

Method

All individuals with a FEP from a geographical defined catchment area over a 5-year period were included. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated for each neighbourhood factor.

Results

A total of 292 cases of FEP were included in the study and 45% had a diagnosis of a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. The age standardized incidence rate of FEP in the most deprived area was 72.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 26.4–162.7] per 100 000 person-years compared with 21.5 (95% CI 17.6–26.0) per 100 000 person-years in the most affluent areas. This represents a 3.4-fold increase in FEP incidence in the most deprived areas. The incidence of FEP was also increased in neighbourhoods that were more socially fragmented [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.40, 95% CI 1.05–5.51, p = 0.04] and there was a trend for the incidence to be increased in neighbourhoods with lower social capital (IRR = 1.43, 95% CI 0.99–2.06, p = 0.05). The median DUP was 4 months and was higher in more socially fragmented neighbourhoods.

Conclusions

The incidence of psychotic disorders is related to neighbourhood factors and it may be useful to consider neighbourhood factors when allocating resources for early intervention services.