bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Treatment of the Fractional Modeling on Susceptible-Infected-Recovered Equations with a Constant Vaccination Rate by Using GEM
Authors: Khader M. M. , Adel M.
Published: December 2018

Here, we introduce a numerical solution by using the generalized Euler method for the (Caputo sense) fractional Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model with a constant vaccination rate. We compare the obtained numerical solutions with those solutions by using the RK4. Hence, the obtained numerical results of the SIR model show the simplicity and the efficiency of the proposed method.
Description, acquisition and teaching of polysemous verbs: The case ofquedar
Authors: Gómez Vicente Lucía
Published: December 2018

This paper analyzes the usage of frequent polysemous verbs by native speakers and by L2 learners and it makes several pedagogical suggestions on how to teach polysemous verbs in a L2 classroom. To achieve these objectives, we have examined the case of the Spanish verbquedar, which means “to remain”, “to stay”, “to be left”, “to make an appointment”, etc. A methodology based on narratives and sentence elicitation has been created. The experiences were accomplished by Spanish speakers (adults and children), and French university students of Spanish, who performed productions in Spanish (L2) and in French (L1). The results of this study seem to confirm that adult native speakers used the semantic network of polysemous verbs in a very conventional manner. Meanings appear to have been acquired thanks to usage, by storing linguistic experiences as patterns, and operating mostly by analogy process. Children seem to have primarily elicitedquedarin conventional situations (for instance, to fix an appointment) and depending on a cost-effectiveness criteria (only if this verb adds a pragmatic gain compared to simpler options). The acquisition path ofquedarby children (L1) seems to be driven by different factors than for L2 learners. French learners of Spanish usedquedarmeanings differently from native speakers and they were highly influenced by their L1, both semantically and syntactically.
Two Aspects of Moral Habituation in Aristotle’s Practical Science
Authors: Chen Siyi
Published: December 2018

Through a detailed reconstruction of the process of moral habituation, which includes both a desiderative and an intellectual aspect, I demonstrate in this essay that Aristotelian practical science does not make people practically wise on a ground and personal level, but teaches moral educators how to produce basically good men in and through practice. In particular, the formation of the correct wish for happiness is the natural culmination of desiderative habituation, and intellectual habituation that develops personal practical wisdom is mainly a process of moral apprenticeship under senior statesmen. My analyses of the aspects of moral habituation should reveal that even in his practical science, that is, in a kind of theory pursued for the sake of practice, Aristotle still maintains the clear distinction between theoretical and practical intelligence and shows deep insights into the peculiarity of the latter.
L’iride e la Trinità: Osservazioni sulle fonti di Basilio, Epistula 38,5
Authors: Verde Francesco
Published: December 2018

The focus of this contribution is to examine the section 5 (Courtonne) of Basil’s Letter 38 devoted to the rainbow considered as a physical metaphor of the Trinity. The main purpose is to scrutinize the likely ancient pagan sources of Basil’s description of rainbow’s formation. The present article concludes by pointing out that the sources used by Basil could be traced back to Aristotle’s Meteorology and the Stoics (especially Posidonius), without denying an Epicurean influence too. The most interesting point is that the author of the letter seems to occasionally modify the ancient sources on the rainbow he consults in order to make the explanation of the rainbow consistent with his theological/Trinitarian scope. Since several studies confirmed the deep interest of Basil in the explanation of natural phenomena (always for theological and not scientific goals) on the basis of the theories of the ancient pagan Greek philosophers, it cannot be ruled out the possibility that Basil actually was the author of this epistle. This question is very problematic; it is not resolved but, in my opinion, it should also be reconsidered in the light of the part of the letter devoted to the comparison with the rainbow.
Über die Anregung von Molekül-und Gitterschwingungen durch den Rückstoß bei Kernprozessen an chemisch gebundenen Atomen
Authors: Steinwede Helmut , Hans J. , Jensen D.
Published: December 2018

Die Verteilungsfunktionen für die Molekül-und Gitteranregungen werden berechnet, ins-besondere wird der Doppler-Effekt bei tiefen Temperaturen erörtert. Mittelwerte und Streuungen der Energieaufnahmen von Molekül und Gitter ergeben sich bei der quanten-theoretischen Rechnung nur unwesentlich geändert gegenüber den Werten, die man bei der sehr einfachen klassischen Behandlung des Problems erhält. Anwendungen auf chemisch-reaktionskinetische Experimente mit radioaktiven Kernen sollen a. a. 0. besprochen werden.
Das Trennrohr VI. Isolierung des Mischmoleküls 14 N 15 N
Authors: Clusius Klaus , Becker Erwin Willy
Published: December 2018

Abstract In der früher beschriebenen 82 m langen Trennrohranlage wurde das schwere Stick-stoffisotop 15 N in Form des Mischmoleküls 14 N 15 N gewonnen. Als Ausgangsmaterial diente Stickstoff, der durch chemischen Austausch bereits auf 1,8% bzw. 3% 15 N gegenüber dem natürlichen Gehalt von 0,38% angereichert war. Das zu trennende Gasgemisch enthielt vorwiegend 14 N2 neben 3,47 bis 5,82% 14 N 15 N und 0,03 bis 0,09% 15 N2. Am schweren Ende stieg das Mol.-Gewicht auf 29,015; dies entspricht der Abscheidung des Mischmoleküls 14 N 15 N in einer Reinheit von 98,95% neben 1,05% 15 N. Von diesem Gas wurden 1,5 l rein sowie ein weiteres Liter mit 50% 14 N 15 N aufgesammelt, die, rund 61% des anfänglich ein-gefüllten schweren Stickstoffs enthalten. Die Untersuchung beweist, daß bei 700º C an den Platindrähten des Trennrohrs das Gleichgewicht 214 N15 N ⇋ 14N2 + 15N2

sich nicht merklich einstellt. Sonst müßte ein Gas mit hohem ^Ns-Gehalt, d.h. einem

Mol.-Gewicht von über 29, am schweren Ende auftreten, was nicht der Fall ist. Stickstoff

zeigt somit das entgegengesetzte Verhalten wie Sauerstoff, bei dem die entsprechenden

isotopen Gleichgewichte sich so rasch einstellen, daß sie für die Zusammensetzung am

schweren Ende entscheidend sind.

Die Analysen der isotopen Stickstoffgemische wurden teils mit der Gaswaage, teils

durch Aufnahmen der UV.-Bande bei 2977,5 A ausgeführt.
Über die Kondensation aus überhitztem Arsenikdampf
Authors: Stranski I. N. , Korb A . , Becker K.
Published: December 2018

Mit einem evakuierten und abgeschmolzenen Glasgefäß, das Arsenolith als Boden-körper und eine heizbare Pt-Spirale enthält, werden folgende Versuche durchgeführt: Das Gefäß wird in einen Thermostaten gebracht, dessen Temperatur bei den verschie-denen Versuchen auf 200 bzw. 230 ° C eingestellt worden ist. Wenn die Temperatur der elektrisch erhitzten Pt-Spirale höher als 700 °C liegt, so verschwindet der Arsenolith als Bodenkörper und erscheint als Kondensat an der (heißeren) Gefäßwand in un-mittelbarer Nähe der Spirale. Das glasig aussehende Kondensat erweist sich stets als Arsenolith. , Dieser als neuartig erkannte Kondensationseffekt muß mit der stärkeren Adsorbier-barkeit der dissoziierten Moleküle (As203) in Zusammenhang stehen und läßt sich pas-send als aktivierte oder erzwungene Kondensation kennzeichnen. Entsprechend dosierte Arsenolith-Mengen werden in ein starkwandiges Quarzrohr ge-bracht, das evakuiert, abgeschmolzen, auf 1300° C erhitzt und dann durch Einwerfen in Wasser oder flüssige Luft schnell abgekühlt wird. Hierbei entsteht eine neue Modifika-tion, deren Debye-Scherrer-Diagramm sich verschieden von dem des Arsenoliths und Claudetits erweist.
Das elektrodynamische Verhalten der Supraleiter
Authors: Heisenberg Werner
Published: December 2018

Das in einer früheren Arbeit vorgeschlagene Modell eines Supraleiters wird auf sein elektrodynamisches Verhalten im einzelnen untersucht. Die Berechnung der Supra-leitungskonstante λ ergibt die richtige Temperaturabhängigkeit dieser Größe und führt außerdem zu einem Zusammenhang mit dem Restwiderstand. Bei der Erklärung des Meißner-Ochsenfeld-Effekts, die von der in I versuchten grundsätzlich verschieden ist, wird von der Existenz der spontan gebildeten Stromfäden (der "Weißschen Be-zirke") an einer wesentlichen Stelle Gebrauch gemacht. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit wird durch das Einfrieren von Elektronen in der Gitterphase herabgesetzt, ihre Temperaturabhängigkeit wird mit Hilfe des Modells abgeschätzt.
Fehlermöglichkeiten bei massenspektrogräphischen Dublettmessungen II
Authors: Ewald Heinz
Published: December 2018

Kürzlich wurde gezeigt, daß bei Verwendung der Kanalstrahlröhre als Ionenquelle eine für die verschiedenen Ionensorten sehr ungleichartige Ausleuchtung des Spektro-graphenspaltes ernste Fehler bei der Bestimmung von Dublettabständen im Gefolge haben kann. Diese Fehler können durch Verkürzung des möglichst gut justierten Spal-tes von 4 mm auf 0,2 mm genügend klein gemacht werden. Zugleich werden damit die bisherigen Schwierigkeiten, jederzeit Linien der theoretisch zu erwartenden Schärfe zu erhalten, behoben. Weiter wird aber an Hand von Aufnahmeergebnissen gezeigt, daß die Ionenstrahlen nach Durchtritt durch den Präzisionsspalt für die verschiedenen lonensorten sehr verschiedene, enge Öffnungswinkel erfüllen. Damit nehmen die Fehler zweiter Ordnung - die Linienbreite ist in zweiter Näherung von dem Öffnungswinkel abhängig - für die verschiedenen Linien verschiedene Größe an. Diese Verbreiterungen sind im allgemeinen unsymmetrisch. Die daraus folgenden neuen Fehlermög-lichkeiten bei Bestimmungen von Dublettabständen werden im einzelnen untersucht. s wird abgeschätzt, daß der Öffnungswinkel der Strahlen in der Ablenkebene der Apparatur etwa die Größe 0,05° nicht übersteigen darf.
Glucagon like Peptide-1(GLP-1) a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Authors: Abbasi Oshaghi Ebrahim
Published: December 2018

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a main cause of liver disease and its global prevalence is estimated to be 24%. At present no approved medicines are available for NAFLD treatment. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a significant regulator of energy balance, show potential efficacy in the management of NAFLD. GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RAs) are attractive options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) since they efficiently reduce weight, HbA1C and blood glucose without having a risk of hypoglycaemia. This incretin hormone by normalizing of insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity, and liver cell apoptosis is proposed for the management of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patient. Hence, the aim of this review was to discuss the useful effects of GLP-1, GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RAs) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) on NAFLD. In this paper we provided a new finding which highlighted the role of GLP-1 and GLP-1RAs in the treatment of NAFLD.
Total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, thiol group and catalase activity in patients with kidney stone
Authors: Rostampour Farshad , Ghasemi Hadi , Mousavi-bahar Seyyd Habibollah , Ranjbar Akram , Heidary Shayesteh Tavakol , Tayebinia Heidar
Published: December 2018

Background: Urinary tract stones are one of the most common causes of kidney disease. There is evidence for the possible involvement of oxidative stress in the formation of kidney stones and renal cell injury. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), serum thiol group, ceruloplasmin (CP) levels and catalase (CAT) activity in the serum of the patients with kidney stones. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a case-control study. A total of 31 patients (16 males and 15 females) with kidney stone(s) and a comparative normal control group including 21 (12 males and 9 females) healthy subjects were included. Results: The present study revealed that TAC level was significantly higher in the control group (P=0.004), and the mean thiol group was remarkably decreased in the patient group (P<0.001). Moreover, CAT activity decreased in the patients but it was not significant (P=0.23). On the other hand, the findings showed that the serum CP level significantly increased in the patient group (P<0.001). MDA level also increased in the patient group, although this increment was not significant (P=0.87). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the reduction of antioxidant indices in the patients with kidney stones can damage the renal tubular cells and strengthen the accumulation of crystals and the formation of kidney stones.
Beta Actin Expression Profile in Malignant Human Glioma Tumors
Authors: Ghezelbash Mohsen , Masoudian Nahid , Pooladi Mehdi
Published: December 2018

Background: Proteomics is considered a new era in neurophysiological/ neuropathological research including brain tumors. Gliomas which are derived from glial cells are the most common type of brain tumor in humans. Methods: In the present study the total protein content of healthy cells of the brain and brain tumor cells was extracted, purified and quantified by Bradford assay. Two-dimensional electrophoresis were used for protein separation followed by statistical analysis. Primary protein detection was performed based on the differences in isoelectric pH, molecular weight of proteins and protein data banks, which was further confirmed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (MS). Results: Our results showed elevated levels of beta-actin protein expression in glioma brain tumor cells. It is important to know when a cell is transformed and when it becomes malignant. Here we evaluated the beta-actin expression in malignant cells. Conclusion: Since structural changes are highly involved in tumor cell malignancy, beta-actin elevations can contribute in glioma tumor cell invasiveness.
The Structural Model of Educational Self-regulation Based on Learning Strategies and Attributional Styles by the Mediator of Achievement Motivation Among Secondary High School Students in Sari in 2017-2018
Authors: Shirdel Kheironesa , Fakhri Mohammad Kazem , Mirzaeyan Bahram
Published: December 2018

Background: Achievement motivation is one of the critical variables that predict educational achievement and success in the future. Therefore, the identification of effective factors upon achievement motivation may be one of the basic subjects in education. The present study aimed to evaluate the structural model of educational self-regulation based on learning strategies by the mediator of achievement motivation among students. Methods: The present study was correlation research with structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical universe of this study consisted of all boy and girl students at secondary high schools in 2017-2018. The multistep random cluster sampling selected 375 (215 girls and 160 boys). Data gathered by the Bouffard educational self-regulation questionnaire, learning strategies questionnaire, attributional style questionnaire, and Herman’s achievement motivation questionnaire. Data analysis gathered by path analysis and structural equations with Lisrel 8.80 software. Results: The research results indicated the direct effects of learning strategies and attributional styles upon achievement motivation (P<0.05). Also, model fitting indicated indirect effects of learning strategies and attributional styles by achievement motivation upon students learning self-regulation (P<0.01). Conclusion: Research results indicate that self-regulation learning strategies are educational. The teaching of these strategies is effective in increasing internal attribution style for positive events and decreasing this style for adverse events among students.
Modeling Multiple Sclerosis at Different Levels Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Gharehali Samira , Nowshiravan Rahatabad Fereidoun , Einalou Zahra
Published: December 2018

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents one of the most common disorders of the central nervous system, which leads to the dysfunction of different body systems and generates a myriad of problems for the affected individuals. Given the progressive nature of this disease, it can divide into several levels. The progression rate of the disease at each stage is essential for specialists, as it can help them to adopt appropriate therapeutic measures. Methods: One of the methods used in many MS neurological treatments is Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), which allows physicians to give an estimate of the severity of the disease to patients, learn about the stage of the patient’s disease and prescribe appropriate medicines accordingly. Given the importance and impact of this disease on the quality of life of patients, researchers look for inexpensive and simple models with minimum side effects for examining different levels of MS and providing treatment solutions. Results: In this study, patients were asked to stand on a force plate. Then, the time series of the center of pressure and body oscillations of patients at various levels were recorded using a motion analyzer device, and a closed loop control system was proposed using the reverse pendulum (representing human body) and reinforcement learning. Conclusion: Based on the feedback received from the environment, the necessary rules for maintaining the balance of pendulum obtained, and, by observing the ankle torque at the output, a model presented that could examine different levels of MS.
The Survey of Malnutrition Prevalence in Patients With Parkinson Disease In Tehran, Iran
Authors: Etemad Koorosh , Ashrafi Farzad , Shahbazzadeh Amir , Moghaddasfar Tara , Arab Ahmadi Mehran
Published: December 2018

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) introduced as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer disease. A patient’s nutritional status may be compromising in PD. This study aimed to describe the outpatient nutritional status in patients with PD at a third-level hospital in Iran. Methods: The validated Persian version of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire was used to evaluate the nutritional status of 158 Iranian PD patients (age, 35-85 years). The exclusion criteria were as follows: chronic comorbidities affecting the nutritional status (e.g., diabetes and hypertension); adherence to special diets; and cognitive disorders. Based on the MNA questionnaire, a total score below 17 represented malnutrition, while scores 17-24 indicated a risk of malnutrition. Results: Based on the findings, 26% of the participants had low weight, 67% of whom were over 65 years. According to the MNA questionnaire, 14.3% of the participants showed malnutrition and 26.2% were at risk of malnutrition. Conclusion: Based on our findings, PD can contribute to reduced nutritional status. More than onefourth of the PD population was at risk of malnutrition, which highlights the need for more attention towards nutritional assessment. Nutritional assessment is essential for the development of nutritional interventions and early detection of PD patients who are at risk of malnutrition.
Identifying the Dynamics of Leg Muscle Activation During Human Gait Using Neural Oscillator and Fuzzy Compensator
Authors: Ravari Reihaneh , Kobravi Hamid Reza
Published: December 2018

Background: The goal of this study is to design a model in order to predict the muscle activation pattern because the muscle activation patterns contain valuable information about the muscle dynamics and movement patterns. Therefore, the goal of the presentation of this neural model is to identify the desired muscle activation patterns by Hopf chaotic oscillator during walking. Since the knee muscles activation has a significant effect on the movement pattern during walking, the main concentration of this study is to identify the knee muscles activation dynamics using a modeling technique. Methods: The electromyography (EMG) recording obtained from 5 healthy subjects that electrodes positioned on the tibialis-anterior (TA) and rectus femoris muscles on every 2 feet. In the proposed model, along with the chaotic oscillator, a fuzzy compensator was designed to face the unmolded dynamics. In fact, on the condition, the observed difference between the desired and actual activation patterns violate some specific quantitative ranges, the fuzzy compensator based on predefined rules modify the activity pattern produced by the Hopf oscillator. Results: Some quantitative measures used to evaluate the results. According to the achieved results, the proposed model could generate the trajectories, dynamics of which are similar to the muscle activation dynamics of the studied muscles. In this model, the generated activity pattern by the proposed model cannot follow the desired activity of the TA muscle as well as rectus femoris muscle. Conclusion: The similarity between the generated activity pattern by the model and the activation dynamics of Rectus- Femoris muscle was more in comparison with the similarity observed between activation pattern of Tibialis- Anterior and the pattern generated by the model. In other words, based on the recorded human data, the activation pattern of the Rectus- Femoris is more similar to a rhythmic pattern.
Thermal Changes in Root Surface of Primary Teeth During Root Canal Treatment With Diode Lasers: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Seraj Bahman , Moosavi Garmaroodi Zahra , Chiniforush Nasim , Ghadimi Sara
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Increased temperature due to the application of laser during root canal disinfection may damage periodontium, alveolar bone, and permanent dental germ. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature increase of the external surface of primary roots due to the application of 810 nm and 980 nm diode lasers. Methods: A total of 58 extracted human primary teeth were prepared and randomly divided into two groups: (a) 810 nm diode laser and (b) 980 nm diode laser. Then, each group was divided into 4 subgroups based on the location of the temperature measurement, including subgroup 1: external root surface of primary anterior roots (A); subgroup 2: external root surface of posterior teeth at inter-root space (IS); subgroup 3: external root surface of posterior teeth at outer-root space (OS) and subgroup 4: external surface of furcation area of posterior teeth (F). Results: The mean temperature rise in group a (7.02±2.95ºC) was less than that of group b (10.62±4.59ºC) (P<0.001). Also, a significant difference was found between the laser groups in terms of the mean temperature rise of the external root surface at IS, OS and F, with higher temperature increase occurring in all points in laser b. The comparison of irradiation points in each laser showed a higher mean temperature rise for IS than OS, but this difference was only significant in group b (P<0.001). Conclusion: Within the studied parameters, 810 nm and 980 nm diode lasers should be used cautiously in primary root canals because of their temperature rise during their application.
Comparison of the Effects of Er, Cr: YSGG Laser and Super-Saturated Citric Acid on the Debridement of Contaminated Implant Surfaces
Authors: Gholami Gholam Ali , Karamlou Milad , Fekrazad Reza , Ghanavati Farzin , Hakimiha Neda , Romanos Georgios
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Several techniques such as using citric acid, plastic curettes, ultrasonic devices, and lasers have been suggested for debridement of contaminated implant surfaces. This comparative investigation aimed to assess and compare the effects of Er, Cr: YSGG laser and super-saturated citric acid on the debridement of contaminated dental implant surfaces. Methods: In this in-vitro study, 12 contaminated failed implants were collected and randomly divided into 2 groups (6 in group A, and 6 in group B). Also, one implant was considered as the control. The implants were horizontally sectioned into coronal and apical portions and subsequently irradiated by Er, Cr: YSGG laser in coronal and citric acid in apical in group A and the opposite in group B. In order to evaluate the effect of water spray on the laser section, half the laser portion of the implants was irradiated using water, while the other half was irradiated without water with an irradiation time of 1 minute. Results: Results revealed that calculus and plaque removal was greater in the laser part of both groups (with and without water) compared to citric acid parts and the correlation between calculus removal and surface roughness were statistically significant. Furthermore, the surface roughness in the citric acid parts was significantly higher than in laser parts. Water spray during irradiation had a very small influence on understudy factors. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the Er, Cr: YSGG laser was more effective in calculus removal and caused less surface roughness compared with citric acid application.
A Study of the Role of 180W XPS Lithium Triborate Laser in the Treatment of Patients With Lower Urinary Tracts Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Akhtar Omar  Salim , Raina Shailesh
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease of the prostate commonly seen in elderly males known to cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that may require surgery as a part of treatment. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is considered the gold standard of surgical treatment, but it is not without complications. Laser photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP), introduced in 1998 as an 80 W Nd:YAG laser which passed through a KTP (potassium-titanylphosphate) crystal, emerged as a safe alternative to TURP in selected cases. A recent upgrade to the Greenlight XPS 180 W powered with an LBO (lithium triborate) crystal has been available for use since 2012. Data on the use of this new upgrade is still being collected and analysed, especially in patients with large prostates or high risk cases. We analysed cases done at Jaslok Hospital over a 2-year period. Methods: A total of 34 patients who underwent Laser PVP using XPS 180W for LUTS due to BPH at Jaslok Hospital were part of this study. We analysed the pre- and postoperative variables and the intraoperative parameters of all patients. Results: The XPS 180W was found to be safe and efficacious. Eighteen patients were high-risk cases, classified as ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) Classes 3 and 4. Average postoperative catheter duration was 40.18 hours. In prostates of size <80 mL, an average of 229 kJ of energy was used. In large prostates (>80 mL), an average of 390 kJ of energy was used. No major complications were seen in any of the high-risk patients, classified as Clavien Dindo Class 3 and 4. The postoperative drop in IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) was 8.7. Conclusion: We found that Green Light Laser XPS 180W may be used for large (>80 g) prostates, hitherto an indication for open surgery, and that it may be used in high-risk patients, who were otherwise unfit for TURP. It is safe and efficacious. Further, multicenter trials are required to confirm the findings.
Photodynamic Therapy: A Novel Ally for Surgical Endodontic Treatment? Case Report
Authors: de Oliveira Bruna Paloma , Câmara Andréa Cruz , Ferreira Glauco dos Santos , Neto Sebastião Pedro Santos , Silva Patrícia Fernandes Cassimiro da , Aguiar Carlos Menezes
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a powerful tool for conventional endodontic treatment, capable of eradicating microorganisms present in endodontic infections. Despite this, the use of PDT in the surgical endodontic treatment is not well-known. Case Report: This paper describes the case of a patient with asymptomatic apical periodontitis in a mandibular incisor submitted to surgical endodontic treatment associated with PDT. After conventional procedures, photosensitizer methylene blue (0.01%) was applied to the retrograde cavity for 3 minutes, followed by irradiation with diode laser (100 mW and 660 nm) for 3 minutes. Six months after the procedure, the patient was asymptomatic, and the radiographic examination showed healthy periradicular tissues. Conclusion: The association of PDT with surgical endodontic treatment was effective, suggesting that this therapy may provide additional benefits to patients when compared to the conventional surgical technique.
Incidental Gall Bladder Adenocarcinoma in Cholecystectomy Specimens; A Single Center Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Geramizadeh Bita , Kashkooe Ali
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND Gallbladder adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract. Most of gall bladder cancers are detected incidentally only after pathological examination of the surgical specimens. In this study we investigated the characteristics of incidental gallbladder cancers in our center and also reviewed the current literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of such incidentally detected tumors in the gall bladder. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all of the cholecystectomy specimens in the archives of Pathology Department in the hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in the study period (2010-2016). Clinicopathological characteristics were extracted from the patients’ clinical charts, which included symptoms, radiological findings, laboratory data, and surgical procedures as well as outcome. RESULTS During these 7 years we identified 18 cases of incidental gall bladder cancer, consisted of 13 women and 5 men with the age range of 32 to 85 (62.5 ± 14.2) years detected after pathological study of the resected gall bladders among more than 4800 resected gall bladders. During the period, only two patients were operated on with the impression of gall bladder adenocarcinoma, which was not included in the study. Ten cases were T1 and eight were T2 at the time of surgery. They have been followed up for 1-7 years, during which, six cases of T2 died. All of the T1 cases are alive and symptom free. CONCLUSION By increasing laparoscopic cholecystectomies in our center we observed 0.37% incidental cases of gall bladder adenocarcinoma. Preoperative diagnosis of this cancer in early stages is very difficult and needs high degree of suspicion. The most important predictor of prognosis is the stage of the cancer at the time of surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of incidental gall bladder cancer from Iran.
Platelet-Rich Plasma: Have We Reached a Consensus or Understanding?
Authors: Kolber Morey J. , Salamh Paul A.
Published: December 2018

PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP) IS AN EMERGING BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OPTION FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES. ALTHOUGH THERE IS A GROWING BODY OF EVIDENCE FOR THIS INTERVENTION, A CONSENSUS REMAINS DISTANT REGARDING PREPARATION PARAMETERS, NUMBER OF INJECTIONS, POSTPROCEDURAL CARE, AND VALUE WITHIN THE REALM OF ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS. THIS POINT-COUNTERPOINT COLUMN PROVIDES A BALANCED PERSPECTIVE ON SOME OF THE MORE COMMON POINTS OF CONTENTION SURROUNDING THE USE OF PRP.
Sniff Invariant Odor Coding
Authors: Shusterman Roman , Sirotin Yevgeniy B. , Smear Matthew C. , Ahmadian Yashar , Rinberg Dmitry
Published: December 2018

Sampling regulates stimulus intensity and temporal dynamics at the sense organ. Despite variations in sampling behavior, animals must make veridical perceptual judgments about external stimuli. In olfaction, odor sampling varies with respiration, which influences neural responses at the olfactory periphery. Nevertheless, rats were able to perform fine odor intensity judgments despite variations in sniff kinetics. To identify the features of neural activity supporting stable intensity perception, in awake mice we measured responses of mitral/tufted (MT) cells to different odors and concentrations across a range of sniff frequencies. Amplitude and latency of the MT cells’ responses vary with sniff duration. A fluid dynamics (FD) model based on odor concentration kinetics in the intranasal cavity can account for this variability. Eliminating sniff waveform dependence of MT cell responses using the FD model allows for significantly better decoding of concentration. This suggests potential schemes for sniff waveform invariant odor concentration coding.
Lateralized Suppression of Alpha-Band EEG Activity As a Mechanism of Target Processing
Authors: Bacigalupo Felix , Luck Steven J.
Published: December 2018

Alpha-band (8–12 Hz) EEG activity has been linked to visual attention since the earliest EEG studies. More recent studies using spatial cuing paradigms have shown that alpha is suppressed over the hemisphere contralateral to a to-be-attended location, suggesting that alpha serves as a mechanism of preparatory attention. Here, we demonstrate that alpha also plays a role in active target processing. EEG activity was recorded from a group of healthy male and female human subjects in two visual search experiments. In addition to alpha activity, we also assessed the N2pc event-related potential component, a lateralized transient EEG response that has been tightly linked with the focusing of attention on visual targets. We found that the visual search targets triggered both an N2pc component and a suppression of alpha-band activity that was greatest over the hemisphere contralateral to the target (which we call “target-elicited lateralized alpha suppression” or TELAS). In Experiment 1, both N2pc and TELAS were observed for targets presented in the lower visual field but were absent for upper-field targets. However, these two lateralized effects had different time courses and they responded differently to manipulations of crowding in Experiment 2. These results indicate that lateralized alpha-band activity is involved in active target processing and is not solely a preparatory mechanism and also that TELAS and N2pc reflect a related but separable neural mechanism of visuospatial attention.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe very first EEG studies demonstrated that alpha-band (8–12 Hz) EEG oscillations are suppressed when people attend to visual information and more recent research has shown that cuing an individual to expect a target at a specific location produces lateralized suppression in the contralateral hemisphere. Therefore, lateralized alpha may serve as a preparatory mechanism. In the present study, we found that a similar lateralized alpha effect is triggered by the appearance of a visual target even though the location could not be anticipated, demonstrating that alpha also serves as an active mechanism of target processing. Moreover, we found that alpha lateralization can be dissociated from other lateralized measures of target selection, indicating that it reflects a distinct mechanism of attention.
Activities of living of disabled people according to the Roper-Logan- Tierney model of nursing
Authors: Moura Gisele Nogueira de , Nascimento Jennara Candido do , Lima Maria Alzete de , Frota Natasha Marques , Cristino Vicente Matias , Caetano Joselany Afio
Published: December 2018

Objective: to identify the activities of living of disabled people by applying the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing.Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in private university. The population comprised 13 people with physical andsensory disabilities, who practiced water sports. Data collection occurred through structured script. Results: mostparticipants came from the capital, were male, aged between 19 and 69 years. The most affected activities of living wereMaintaining a safe environment, Mobilization, and Sleeping. There were 15 nursing diagnoses related to each activityidentified, in addition to the expected outcomes and interventions. Conclusion: the model of living enabled to identify thegroup’s limitations in carrying out activities of living, constituting a fertile field for nursing actions.
WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCE: My WOMBan’s life: understanding human endometrial function
Authors: Salamonsen Lois A
Published: December 2018

The focus of my life in science has been to improve reproductive health for women, with an emphasis on the endometrium, the most dynamic tissue in the human body: its remarkable cyclical remodelling is essential for the establishment of pregnancy. The most notable events in a woman’s endometrial cycle are menstruation and endometrial repair, regeneration of the endometrium during the proliferative phase, attainment of receptivity by the mid-secretory phase of the cycle and the embryo–maternal interactions that initiate peri-implantation events within the microenvironment of the uterine cavity. I have contributed to understanding the molecular and cellular changes underpinning these events, and how disturbance of them leads to menstrual disorders, infertility and endometrial diseases including abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis and endometrial cancer. My team has contributed to changes in clinical IVF practice, to a new diagnostic for endometrial receptivity in infertile women and to enhancing endometrial repair. I have shared my world with many amazing younger scientists: it has indeed been a privileged journey.
Mariana Wolfner: 2018 Genetics Society of America Medal
Authors: Haloupek Nicole
Published: December 2018

The Genetics Society of America (GSA) Medal recognizes researchers who have made outstanding contributions to the field of genetics in the past 15 years. The 2018 GSA Medal has been awarded to Mariana Wolfner of Cornell University for her work on reproductive processes that occur around the time of fertilization. This includes characterization of seminal proteins in Drosophila melanogaster, which has uncovered a wealth of information about sexual conflict in evolution.
The Caenorhabditis elegans SMOC-1 Protein Acts Cell Nonautonomously To Promote Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling
Authors: DeGroot Melisa S , Shi Herong , Eastman Alice , McKillop Alexandra N , Liu Jun
Published: December 2018

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates many different developmental and homeostatic processes in metazoans. The BMP pathway is conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans, and is known to regulate body size and mesoderm development. We have identified the C. elegans smoc-1 (Secreted MOdular Calcium-binding protein-1) gene as a new player in the BMP pathway. smoc-1(0) mutants have a small body size, while overexpression of smoc-1 leads to a long body size and increased expression of the RAD-SMAD (reporter acting downstream of SMAD) BMP reporter, suggesting that SMOC-1 acts as a positive modulator of BMP signaling. Using double-mutant analysis, we showed that SMOC-1 antagonizes the function of the glypican LON-2 and acts through the BMP ligand DBL-1 to regulate BMP signaling. Moreover, SMOC-1 appears to specifically regulate BMP signaling without significant involvement in a TGFβ-like pathway that regulates dauer development. We found that smoc-1 is expressed in multiple tissues, including cells of the pharynx, intestine, and posterior hypodermis, and that the expression of smoc-1 in the intestine is positively regulated by BMP signaling. We further established that SMOC-1 functions cell nonautonomously to regulate body size. Human SMOC1 and SMOC2 can each partially rescue the smoc-1(0) mutant phenotype, suggesting that SMOC-1’s function in modulating BMP signaling is evolutionarily conserved. Together, our findings highlight a conserved role of SMOC proteins in modulating BMP signaling in metazoans.
Ser mapuche en la universidad: Condiciones de ingreso a la formación inicial docente, La Araucanía
Authors: Ortiz-Velosa Eliana Marcela , Arias-Ortega Katerin Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

El artículo problematiza en factores sociales que inciden en el ingreso y permanencia de estudiantes de origen indígena pertenecientes a culturas minoritarias involuntarias en la educación superior. Sostenemos como tesis que estudiantes mapuches enfrentan problemas personales y sociales que se constituyen en tensiones interculturales que tienen su origen, entre otros factores, a causas relacionadas a la vida académica previa al ingreso a la universidad. El objetivo es describir las características demográficas, de procedencia y académicas propias de estudiantes mapuches de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Católica de Temuco. La metodología empleada fue el análisis estadístico descriptivo de la base de datos de la Universidad, lo que permitió la caracterización demográfica con base en las identidades territoriales de la cual provienen este estudiantado. Se llevó a cabo la triangulación de las condiciones académicas de ingreso, esto es, el promedio de notas de la educación media (NEM), con la procedencia de estudiantes y sus preferencias de formación profesional en el área de educación. Concluimos que conocer esta triada (demografía, condiciones académicas y preferencias de carrera) nos permitirá avanzar en la gestión de estrategias y pistas de acciones para apoyar a este estudiantado en su proceso de inserción en la vida universitaria.
Discapacidad y educación: Entre la corporalidad que discapacita y el derecho a tener derecho
Authors: Cruz-Vadillo Rodolfo , Iturbide-Fernández Paulina
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo es resultado de una investigación cuyo propósito principal fue analizar las construcciones sobre el concepto de discapacidad. Pretendemos analizar los discursos que sobre discapacidad han construido docentes que atienden estudiantes en esta situación. La aproximación a los datos fue desde un paradigma cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo y apoyado en el método de teoría fundamentada. Se aplicaron cuestionarios a 22 participantes, docentes de educación básica. Concluimos que los saberes de orden científico han hegemonizado las visiones, pero en el devenir se han volcado hacia el sentido común, dejando de lado un sustrato importante como lo es nuestro actuar frente a otras personas y las consecuencias de las intervenciones y diagnósticos que, siendo validados científicamente, invalidan al otro ser y lo excluyen. Lo anterior implica mirar hacia la formación docente desde un estadio ético y político, donde complejos procesos de reflexión superen la visión reducida que se ha construido sobre la discapacidad y su inclusión.
Construcción de una metodología para el aprendizaje del inglés en contextos rurales: Contribución de aprendientes
Authors: Dover-Carrillo Yendry , Rosales-Acosta Aleida , Pérez-Vidaurre Rocío
Published: December 2018

Este artículo muestra los resultados de un estudio realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación-extensión Construcción de una metodología innovadora que favorezca el aprendizaje del inglés en personas de baja escolaridad en zonas rurales del Golfo de Nicoya y la Región Chorotega (Rosales, Vidaurre y Dover, 2013-2015) ejecutado en la Sede Regional Chorotega de la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. El objetivo fue dar a conocer cómo sus participantes y el contexto aportan en el diseño de un enfoque de enseñanza aprendizaje del inglés en contextos no tradicionales. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, con corte interpretativo descriptivo, en el que las 30 personas participantes, provenientes de las zonas rurales del golfo de Nicoya y la región Chorotega, se convirtieron en informantes activas en la indagación realizada antes, durante y después del proceso de capacitación. Los datos fueron recolectados utilizando tres instrumentos: observación, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. Los hallazgos demostraron que la incorporación de las observaciones y sugerencias, expuestas por quienes participan permean el proceso de adquisición de una segunda lengua y favorecen la selección de contenido lingüístico, social y contextual acorde con la realidad de sus aprendientes.
El desarrollo de competencias investigativas, una alternativa para formar profesionales en pedagogía infantil como personal docente investigador
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Zaily Del Pilar , Aznar-Díaz Inmaculada
Published: December 2018

La formación de profesionales a cargo de educar a la infancia cada vez cobra mayor relevancia, dado el impacto que esto tiene en la calidad de la educación y, así mismo, en la mejora de las condiciones sociales de un país. En este sentido, el presente artículo presenta los resultados respecto al desarrollo de competencias investigativas en la formación de profesionales en pedagogía infantil, como punto de partida para promover una cualificación en dicho programa universitario. A continuación, se desarrolla la perspectiva teórica sobre la formación en investigación del personal pedagogo infantil. Luego, la metodología de tipo mixto, llevada a cabo mediante la encuesta, el grupo focal y entrevistas, aplicadas a estudiantes, estudiantado graduado, docentes y directivas, respectivamente. Una vez triangulada la información, se presentan los resultados, donde se expresa una valoración favorable sobre los procesos desarrollados por el programa para posibilitar el desarrollo de competencias investigativas, como la capacidad de análisis y reflexión de la práctica para aportar a la educación infantil, excepto, las habilidades lectoras, sobre lo cual manifiesta una valoración menos positiva, por lo que se constituyen en un reto de mejora por parte del programa universitario.
Tutorías universitarias. Percepciones de estudiantes y personal tutor sobre su uso y funcionamiento
Authors: Klug María Antonella , Peralta Nadia Soledad
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar el funcionamiento y las percepciones de estudiantes y personal tutor acerca del sistema de tutoría universitarias del Instituto Universitario del Gran Rosario. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, con un diseño de estudio de caso, donde se indagó el funcionamiento del espacio tutorial desde la perspectiva de las personas tutoras a partir de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y las percepciones del estudiantado de primer año acerca de este sistema, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario. Los resultados indican que el personal tutor destaca la capacidad de escucha, la necesidad de formación específica y de trabajo en equipo. Con respecto al estudiantado, se observó que más de la mitad no conoce el espacio de tutoría y quienes sí poseen conocimiento manifiestan haber recibido la información de docentes y sus pares. Unas personas consideran que dicho espacio se relaciona con orientación teórica, y muestra inclinación hacia la función académica de la tutoría; mientras otras consideran que las tutorías posibilitan realizar una visión integral de la vida universitaria.
Postgraduate Teaching Students’ Evaluation of the Training in Research Methodology Received During Their Degree, and Its Use in Teaching Practice
Authors: Orellana-Fonseca Cristian , Salazar-Jiménez Rodrigo , Farías-Olavarría Fernando , Martínez-Labrin Soledad , Pérez-Díaz Gabriel
Published: December 2018

This article analyzes postgraduate teaching students’ evaluations of the training in research methodology received during their degree and its use in the teaching practice. The participants are students attending the Research Methodology course corresponding to a Master’s program, in the pedagogical field, at the Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile. The methodology was qualitative, using open questionnaires and a discussion group. The data were analyzed using a categorical analysis and reduction, through ATLAS.ti 6.0. The main results show a critical view of the participants on the methodology and research training they received in undergraduate courses, as well as the insufficiencies in the training that is focused on the degree´s thesis design and not on giving tools to practice the profession. The participants questioned the role of the university in the education of teachers who do research. Regarding the uses of research methodology in the professional practice, although varied, they are limited by training deficits and institutional conditions. Despite their critics, the participants have high valuation of the significance of research methodology for the development of their professional practice. These results encourage us to suggest elements to nourish the debate about the way in which research methodology should be taught, as well as what research methodology is taught for, in order to contribute to the professional development processes of the teaching-research teams.