bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fremdsprachendidaktik meets 360° & Virtual Reality
Authors: Plötner Kathleen , Nowotny Florian
Published: January 2023

In den Wintersemestern 2020/21 und 2021/22 wurde am Lehrstuhl für Fachdidaktik der romanischen Sprachen, Literaturen und Kulturen der Universität Potsdam in Kooperation mit dem BMBF-geförderten Projekt «Forschen/Lernen Digital (FoLD)» je ein Projektseminar im Master Lehramt Französisch/Spanisch durchgeführt, in dem die teilnehmenden Studierenden sich mit ausgewählten 360°- und Virtual-Reality-Anwendungen aus fremdsprachendidaktischer Perspektive auseinandersetzten. Das Seminar wurde wissenschaftlich mithilfe eines teilstandardisierten Fragebogens (Pre- und Postdesign) begleitet, der u. a. einen 360°- und VR-spezifischen Abschnitt beinhaltete. Der Beitrag legt den Fokus auf Einschätzungen der zukünftigen Fremdsprachenlehrpersonen zu vier im Seminar behandelten Anwendungen (Panolingo, MondlyVR, AltspaceVR und Lapentor) hinsichtlich ihres möglichen Einsatzes im Fremdsprachenunterricht und arbeitet die verwendeten Argumentationen und Bewertungskriterien der Postbefragung inhaltsanalytisch heraus. Er versteht sich als Teil einer Vorstudie eines grösser angelegten Forschungsprojekts zu fremdsprachlichen Lehrlernprozessen in und durch VR.
Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Indian Agriculture
Authors: Bhowmik Debesh
Published: January 2023

The paper basically explains the nature and trends of FDI inflows in agriculture and subsectors of agriculture in India under two broad ways. In the first case, the linear trend was examined utilising linear semi-log regression model. In the second case, the nature of cycle and the cyclical trend were found out by applying H.P. Filter model. The linear trend, cycle and cyclical trend of FDI inflows in India in agriculture during 2000-01-2017-18, agricultural services during 2001-02-2021-22, agricultural machinery, tea and coffee, food processing, sugar and fertilisers respectively during 2005-2018 have been computed. Yet, the paper included the nature of global FDI inflows in agriculture very briefly. The paper observed that the linear trends in FDI in agriculture, agriculture service, food processing have been increasing significantly in which their cycle and cyclical trends are significantly meaningful. On the other hand, the linear trends of FDI in tea and coffee and agricultural machinery have been declining insignificantly in which their cycles and cyclical trends are significant in H.P. Filter model. However, the linear FDI trends in sugar and fertilisers sectors have been stepping up insignificantly. Their cycles and cyclical trends revealed insignificant. In the second part, the paper examined the nexus between the gross value added in agriculture and FDI inflows in agriculture from 2000-01-2017-18 and agricultural service during 2001-02-2021-22 using double-log regression model and found out that there is positive relation between them which indicated a stable model. The paper included some important policy measures for India.
Research of the technology for hydrate prevention in gas transportation system
Authors: Gurbanov Abdulaga , Sardarova Ijabika , Damirova Javida
Published: January 2023

The principal aim of natural and associated gas preparation to transportation is provision of normal transportation inside field niacin gas pipelines. Developed gas and gas condensate field, production of which consists of great amount of different aggressive admixtures and mineral salts, require efficient of natural gas for further transportation.

The results of aforesaid system phase state test investigation are given in the article. Its presently at water phase and salt composition.

A Principals physical and chemical factors of inhibitor composition under different proportion of components were determined under laboratory conditions. New inhibitor composition, was selected on the base of experimental investigation results there also was developed the technology of inhibitor application for gas field treatment.

Since the efficiency of gas storage and transportation processes depends on the compliance of these processes with the requirements of the related equipment and relevant technologies, the operating modes of gas lift lines and compressor stations should be regularly examined. There is no doubt that the efficiency of storage and transportation of natural and associated gas is ensured at a distributed level, provided that the technological equipment is reliable, durable and operates in accordance with the requirements. One of the most important issues is to improve the used technology to prevent hydrate formation in the process of production, storage and transportation of gas condensate in complex conditions. On the basis of scientific a research and field surveys there were developed new scientific a technical measure to increase the efficiency of the installation for preparation of gas
Democratization in the post-colonial era: shortcomings
Authors: Thusi Xolani , Mlambo Victor H. , Mkhize Nkosingiphile , Shoba Muzi
Published: January 2023

During colonialism, African countries were exposed to severe living circumstances and human rights abuses. African nations earned their independence and transitioned to democracy in the post-colonial period. Democracy was touted as a method of creating security, stability, and wealth in African countries, as well as demonstrating Africa's independence. The transition to democratic states was viewed as a necessary step for African countries in order to meet the needs of citizens who had previously been enslaved and whose rights had been violated by colonizers. This article examines the current position of democracy in African States post colonialization. This article argues that African leaders have failed to deliver on their promises of democracy, as evidenced by the fact that African countries are characterized by political instability, corruption, poverty, poor public service delivery, inequality, and low economic growth. Only the political elites in Africa have reaped the benefits of democracy, while the rest of the population has fared less favorably. The authors contend that the process of democratization has not afforded democratic African states the opportunity to acquire solutions. The authors acknowledge the progress, made by democratic states; nevertheless, in spite of this progress, a greater number of Africans continue to live below the poverty line. Those who are elected to positions of power have the appearance of being there to serve the people, but in reality, they only serve themselves and their own interests.
Political participation in the context of contemporary media: the case of refugees in Lithuania
Authors: Sutkutė Rūta
Published: January 2023

This study aims to explore how new communication technologies are transforming the nature of political participation and how social media platforms can create discourses of solidarity with migrants or confrontation with them. The objectives of the study are: to analyse the concept of political participation in the context of migration; to describe the role of new communication technologies in the decision-making process of the host society; and to show the role of social media in increasing refugee integration of migrants and solidarity with them. In order to explore the role of new communication technologies in the context of refugee integration, interviews are conducted with refugees living in Lithuania, whose unique experiences are analysed in the context of not only the role of new communication tools, but also political participation (e.g. citizenship, voting in the elections, meetings with local government representatives, etc.) in their host country. It should be mentioned, that new communication technologies enable migrants to participate in the communities they have left behind and to create new virtual communities that function as a mobilising instrument for migrants. The analysis of the dynamics between migrant integration and new communication technologies shows that digital technologies facilitate the integration of migrants in social, political, economic and cultural spheres. New technologies can help migrants to find information on rights, citizenship, local migrant support services, and overcome feelings of isolation by providing migrants with information. The results of the interview show that new technologies are very important for refugees, as they help to build networks of family and friends, support communities and create a sense of belonging in the host society. However, negative representations of refugees in social media also contribute to the difficulties refugees face during their integration.
Red rust disease occurring in some fruits species in Cameroon
Authors: Ngoh Dooh Jules Patrice , Kone Nsangou Abdoul Nourou , Mboussi Serge Bertrand , Heu Alain , Amawissa Zaina Todou , Tchoupou Tsouala Dany Brice , Sinama Paulin , Sesseumaga Eloa , Ambang Zachee
Published: January 2023

The knowledge of the red rust disease remains limited in Cameroon, with a view to developing a control method. This work consisted in studying red rust on some fruit species such as Annona muricata (soursop), Dacryodes edulis (safou), Psidium guajava (guava) and Theobroma cacao (cocoa).

Diseased leaves were collected in the field in the Maham site, in west region of Cameroon.The symptomatology of disease (colour, number and diameter of lesions) was studied. Coefficient of variation ( %) was calculated. The incidence and severity of the disease was assessed in the different orchards surveyed. The measurement of the different structures of the thallus (length, width of sporangia and sporangiophores) was carried out using a microscope with a micrometer.

The disease is characterized by circular orange to orange-brown spots on the upper surfaces and rarely on the lower surface. Number of lesions, varied from 245–510 respectively with D. edulis and T cacao. Lesion diameters varied from 0.1−1 cm, 0.1−7 cm, 0.1−1.5 cm in safou (African pear), guava and soursop respectively. The length and width of sporangiophores varied from 280.5−714×10.2−25.5 µm for A. muricata, 408−612×15.3−25.5 µm for Dacryodes edulis, 433.3−663×15.3−20.4 µm for P. guajava and 484.5−612×20.4−35.7 µm for T. cacao. The number of sporangiophores varied from 1 to 11 at the maximum threshold. But, number of sporangia was the same in the four species, 1−9. The pathogenicity test was negative.

The data measurements show that the specie observed is Cephaleurus virescens which is a parasitic alga.

The data obtained are a basis for the development of an integrated control strategy against this emerging disease
Teacher, scientist, lieutenant
Authors:   AO Sevuralboksitruda UK Rusal, Glotov Sergei
Published: January 2023

In 1932, twelve geophysicists graduated the Department of Geophysics of the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute. Most of them became nationally-recognized geophysicists and explorers. Aizik Shapiro could be one of them. He began teaching at the age of 15, taught refresher courses, as well as the courses on mine surveying and geophysical prospecting at the Sverdlovsk Mining Institute and at Kazakhstan institutes while still a student. In the early days of the Great Patriotic War he defended his dissertation. However, Aizik Shapiro was sent to the battlefront and died on the battlefield in 1943.
The prospects of blastless ore breaking with hydraulic hammers when mining North Uralian Bauxite Mine deposits by underground method
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Aleksey Kholmskii
Published: January 2023

Research objective is to increase mining productivity at the North Uralian Bauxite Basin deposits by switching to blastless mining technology with ore breaking with hydraulic hammers. Methods of research include the analysis of current process flow schemes for the North Uralian bauxite basin deposits development, a comparative analysis of the stoping schedules in process flow schemes with drilling and blasting ore breaking and blastless breaking of the mine block reserves, determining the productivity of blastless ore breaking with hydraulic hammers, and studying the dependence between the process flow scheme efficiency and the depth of mining. Results. Stoping cyclograms in process flow schemes with ore drilling and blasting and mechanical breaking were compared for the conditions of the North Uralian Bauxite Mine (SUBR) deposits development. The dependence between the process flow schemes efficiency and the depth of mining has been established. Based on the comparative analysis results, it was determined that the process flow scheme for blastless mining at SUBR deposits is the most competitive in terms of stoping productivity and safety. The developed process flow scheme with ore breaking with hydraulic hammers provides a minimum drop in process flow scheme efficiency with an increase in the depth of mining and an increase in productivity by 1.5–2 times due to the implementation of a cyclic-flow technology for stoping. Conclusions and scope of the results. The developed process flow scheme for blastless mining at SUBR deposits with ore breaking with hydraulic hammers makes it possible to increase the productivity of stoping by 1.5–2 times without reducing the level of safety. The research results can be used to justify the switch to a blastless mining in complicated mining and geological conditions, in conditions of increased rock-bump hazard, and when stoping ground advances to deep horizons.
Systematfzfng the methods of fne ore foss reductfon fn the stopfng area
Authors:   Instftute of Mfnfng UB RAS, Igor Sokolov , Artem Rozhkov ,   Instftute of Mfnfng UB RAS
Published: January 2023

Refevance. Ffne ore wfth a hfgh content of metaf as weff as non-metafffc over-ground fractfons are fost fn the course of underground operatfons as smaff fractfons accumufate fn fnaccessfbfe pfaces at the stopfng area. The extent of such foss reaches 2–5% for metafffc ore and up to 15–25% or more for non-metafffc ore, sfgnffcantfy reducfng process effcfency and extractfon compfeteness and compfexfty. It fs therefore scfentffcaffy urgent to fnvestfgate and justffy the ways to reduce fne ore foss. By such methods we mean partfcufar measures, technfcaf sofutfons or thefr combfnatfon, afmed at preventfng, effmfnatfng or mfnfmfzfng the negatfve consequences of overgrfndfng when stopfng Research objectfve fs to systematfze and carry out hfgh-fevef estfmatfon of technfcaf sofutfons for fne ore foss reductfon, creatfng the basfs for the devefopment of a unffed methodofogfcaf approach to justffyfng sofutfons at the stage of desfgnfng mfnfng system for ore fefds expforatfon by the underground method. Methods of research fncfude an fntegrated method of examfnatfon wfth fne ore foss reductfon methods anafysfs, generaffzatfon, systematfzatfon and evafuatfon. Research resufts. A systematfzatfon of fne ore foss reductfon fs proposed. The fosses under consfderatfon are characterfzed based on the appffed forces, means and toofs. The technofogfcaf prfncfpfe (the state of the stopfng area) and the chronofogfcaf prfncfpfe (the sequence of technfcaf sofutfons to mfne the mafn reserves of the extractfon unft or fts part) are the gufdeffnes the systematfzatfon has been based on. The ratfng and fts statfstfcaf study reveafed that preventfve methods of fne ore foss reductfon are the most appffcabfe to varfous cfasses of underground mfnfng systems, adaptfve to the mafn condftfons and specffc factors, therefore, the most unfversaf. Concfusfons. The proposed systematfzatfon fs the foundatfon for further unffcatfon of approaches to the substantfatfon and fmprovement of fne ore foss reductfon methods wfthfn the framework of a sfngfe methodofogy.
Evaluating design quality and performance stability of armoured face conveyors of the mechanized longwall set of equipment for coal production
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Viktor V Gabov , Daniil A Shibanov ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University, Dmitrii I Shishliannikov ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Aleksandr K Muravskii ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Aleksei Iu Mikriukov ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The article considers the exploitation of armoured face conveyors (AFC) of the mechanized longwall set of equipment for coal production. Underground coal mining in Russia and neighboring countries is characterized by the development of seams with complex hypsometry and a significant number of geological faults. The article justifies the need to develop a methodology for the evaluation of AFC design quality and stability in real operating conditions. Methods of research include methodological approaches and analytical formulas for calculating the generalized functional technical, operational and average criteria of AFC quality over the service life. The AFC stability index is proposed to be calculated as the ratio of the operational performance of the conveyor for the analyzed period of time to its theoretical performance. Results. Based on the data of objective control of FFC-9 GLINIK face conveyor functioning at a OAO SUEK-Kuzbass mine, the average monthly values of AFC stability index were determined. It is proved that the performance stability index value in real conditions of AFC functioning varies widely and depends on the joint effect of a number of technical and professional-psychological factors. AFC failure statistics is analyzed. The main trends aimed at improving the quality of AFC units design are considered. Conclusions. The methodological approaches presented in the article make it possible to determine the directions for improving the armoured face conveyors of mechanized longwall set of equipment for coal mining and to identify factors that negatively affect their operational performance in real operating conditions.
The Students’ Writing Ability in Descriptive Text of the Senior High School Students in Berau
Authors: Sa’adah Annisa Raudatus
Published: January 2023

English in Indonesia is a foreign language that should be learned and mastered by students. Education is a process of fundamental skills intellectual and emotional. The aim of education is to improve the quality of students in Indonesia, especially in writing. There are so many ways conducted by educational institution in improving students English quality in Indonesia. One of the institutions is SMA Negeri 1 Berau. Based on research conducted the researcher found that in SMAN Negeri 1 Berau has a language major program. The objective of this research is to know the students’ writing ability in descriptive text and their problems in writing of tenth grade language major students. This research used descriptive quantitative. The instruments are writing  assessment and interview. The technique of collecting data, the researcher asked students to write a descriptive text with a place as a topic to measure the students writing ability and asked the students several questions to know their problem in writing. The data analysis technique was scoring based on writing rubric. The assessing of writing focused on five components, they are content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanic. The assessing of writing had been given to some of the students of tenth grade language major students in SMA Negeri 1 Berau that consist of 8 students. Based on the data finding, it showed that writing ability of tenth grade language major students in SMA Negeri 1 Berau was 3,75 that categorized into mediocre level. The average category of content was mediocre, the average category of the organization was mediocre, the average category of vocabulary was good, the average category of the language used was mediocre, and the average category of the mechanic was mediocre. From the interview, the students have difficulties in finding references in writing, word choices, arranged words to be a good sentence, arranged sentences to be a good paragraph, and developing the idea. Most of them admit difficlties with the language use. Some of them said they have no probems with vocabulary and mechanic such as capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.
Prospects for the use of drugs from the group of agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Suplotova L. A. , Fedorova A. I. , Kulmametova D. S. , Dushina T. S. , Makarova O. B.
Published: January 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases. To a large extent, the development of this disease is associated with metabolic syndrome. There is a pathogenetic association of NAFLD with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Numerous studies demonstrate that an increase in the incidence of NAFLD occurs in parallel with an increase in the prevalence of obesity and DM 2. A number of scientific studies in the field of medicine have made it possible to identify the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the disease, as well as the possibility of using various pharmacological drugs to correct these conditions. Currently, the possibility of using in the future a group of drugs that have a single mechanism for controlling the development of hepatic steatosis, and further progression with the formation of inflammation, cirrhosis and, in some cases, hepatocellular carcinoma, is being considered. Of particular interest is a class of drugs intended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity – glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (arGLP-1). A search was made of clinical studies, meta-analyses, literature reviews in databases and registries of medical publications over a period of 10 years. Changes in anthropometric indications, changes in non-invasive markers of liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, as well as histological data on the background of the use of drugs of the arGLP-1 class were studied. It has been demonstrated that the study drug class may have a significant potential for impact on NAFLD. However, further studies with sufficient duration and histological evaluation are needed to fully evaluate the effectiveness of arGLP-1 in the treatment of NAFLD.
Efficacy of omeprazole and domperidone fixed combination in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia: results from TANDEM study
Authors: Lyalyukova E. A. , Pavlova N. V.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a multifactorial disease, and the combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action makes it possible to optimally influence various parts of the pathogenesis.

Aim. Prospective observational study TANDEM evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of omeprazole and domperidone fixed combination therapy in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with chronicHelicobacter pylorinegative gastritis after 4 weeks course of treatment.

Materials and methods. In accordance with the purpose of the study, a study cohort was formed of 50 patients with symptoms of functional dyspepsia (30 men, 20 women). The mean age was 29.06 (25.88–32.25). Efficacy and tolerability were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale and the Likert scale.

Results. The study was completed by 47 patients. After 4 weeks of treatment, positive dynamics in the form of complete relief of symptoms was noted in all 47 patients; no clinically significant changes in the QT interval were detected.

Conclusion. Evaluation of the efficacy of fixed combination omeprazole and domperidone in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with chronicHp-negative gastritis demonstrated 100% efficacy of the drug in relieving symptoms 4 weeks after the start of therapy. After 72 hours from the start of the treatment, the effect in the form of complete relief of symptoms was registered in 87.25% of patients. On the 14th day the symptoms were completely relieved in 95.74% of patients. Assessment of tolerability demonstrated a good safety profile of the drug, in particular, the absence of clinically significant changes in the QTс interval.
Physiological effects of thyroid hormones in the aspect of comorbidity and healthy longevity
Authors: Troshina E. A. , Terekhova M. A.
Published: January 2023

Currently, non-infectious diseases, among which various disorders of the endocrine system play a decisive role, occupy one of the first positions in the structure of morbidity and mortality. Endocrine pathology worsens the course of other diseases and is a significant adverse factor in increasing mortality, including cardiovascular accidents. Thyroid pathology ranks second in the structure of endocrine diseases, and an increase in the incidence and prevalence of thyroid pathology in older age groups has been noted in recent decades. Thyroid hormones reduce the concentration of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides in the plasma, while the amount of free fatty acids may increase. Conversely, decreased secretion of thyroid hormones dramatically increases the plasma concentration of cholesterol and phospholipids, and is almost always the cause of a sharp increase in fat deposition in the liver. In the presence of dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension, primary hypothyroidism can be considered as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and, accordingly, ischemic heart disease, especially in the elderly. In conditions of chronic iodine deficiency, a number of autoimmune factors may play a significant role in goiter development. Patients with endemic goiter reveal enzymatic defects in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which further stimulates autoimmune aggression and degenerative changes in the thyroid gland, leading to a gradual decrease in the functional activity of the gland – hypothyroidism. Iodine deficiency and autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland are often components of a continuum of comorbidity, which requires personalization of their treatment, taking into account the risks of mutual influences of various pathologies.
Features of the formation of menopausal metabolic syndrome in arterial hypertension
Authors: Ruyatkina L. A. , Ruyatkin D. S. , Shcherbakova L. V.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The concept of staging of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) in the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MS) components is closely related to insulin resistance (IR), which depends on the status of sex hormones and age. It is assumed that the formation of menopausal MS starts in perimenopause due to changes in the functional state of the pituitary-ovarian axis. However, mechanisms explaining sex differences in IR, especially during the menopausal transition, have not been established.

Aim. To evaluate the relationship of MS markers in a cohort of women aged 35–59 years without carbohydrate metabolism disorders with different functional state of the ovaries, depending on the presence of arterial hypertension (AH) and the influence of age-associated factors.

Materials and methods. In 88 normoglycemic women aged 35–59 years with different functional state of the pituitary-ovarian axis and divided into 2 groups depending on the presence of hypertension, the following were determined: BMI, waist circumference (WC), levels of blood pressure (BP), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol, FSH and estradiol, fasting glucose (FG), TyG index. SPSS (version 13) assessed ME (25–75%); intergroup differences according to the Mann-Whitney test; Correlation analysis according to Spearman and partial correlation were performed to level the effect of age.

Results. The largest range of significant associations, independent of age and in tandem with it, was found only in the group of patients with hypertension: in OT and FG, which increase at FSH levels > 25 mU/l; lipid parameters among themselves and with FG; TyG with FSH and estradiol levels, and TyG with all parameters focusing on OT and HDL cholesterol.

Conclusions. In the process of the formation of menopausal MS in AH, significant relationships of traditional CMD markers with the TyG index, which reflects the presence of IR through the relationship of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, are partially influenced by FSH and estradiol levels in tandem with age-associated indicators: the duration of AH and postmenopause.
Management of patients with musculoskeletal back pain and comorbid anxiety
Authors: Golovacheva V. A. , Tabeeva G. R. , Fateeva T. G.
Published: January 2023

Musculoskeletal back pain (MSBP) is one of the  most  common  reasons  for seeking  medical  care. A socioeconomic burden  of MSBP is significant, as it leads  to reduced  working capacity of the adult  population.  It is important to consider  that  the MSBP chronicity develops  under the impact of “yellow flags”, i. e. factors that contribute to the central  pain sensitization (pathophysiologically) and pain chronicification  (clinically). The most common factor of pain chronicity is anxiety that underlies  the development  of pain  catastrophization, maladaptive escape  (“pain”)  behaviour,  and  anxiety  disorders.  Anxiety symptoms  can  be expressed not only in the emotional,  but also in the somatic, cognitive and behavioural sphere. Timely detection and management  of anxiety  in patients with  chronic MSBP improves  the  effectiveness of pain  syndrome  treatment. The chronic MSBP treatment requires  a multidisciplinary  approach,  which comprises  kinesiotherapy, cognitive  behavioural therapy, and optimal pharmacotherapy. Evidence-based drugs include  non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as dexketoprofen, which can be prescribed  for the treatment of chronic MSBP with a short course and at an average  therapeutic dose. The efficacy and safety of dexketoprofen in the  treatment of pain syndromes, data  from clinical studies  and a systematic  review are discussed. The authors  present their own experience in managing  a patient  with chronic nonspecific MSBP and anxiety. The “yellow flags” that led to the MSBP chronicity in the patient  are provided. The effective  multidisciplinary  approach  to the treatment of a patient with chronic MSBP and anxiety disorder is demonstrated.
Cognitive functional therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of low back pain
Authors: Zinovyeva O. E. , Golovacheva A. A.
Published: January 2023

A multidisciplinary  approach  including  drug and non-drug  methods is recommended for the  treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP). Kinesiotherapy, psychological  methods, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been  shown to be highly effective  for CLBP. All of the listed  methods contribute to significant  relief and relief of pain, increase  the patient’s social and physical activity, and improve the emotional state. Psychological  methods help patients cope with catastrophizing pain, increase  daily activities, and  reduce  the  likelihood  of disease  recurrence.  Results  from clinical studies  and  systematic reviews demonstrate the effectiveness of psychological  techniques such as cognitive  behavioral  therapy  (CBT) and mindfulness  therapy  (mindfulness)  in the  treatment of CLBP. Cognitive Functional  Therapy (CFT) is a promising  new psychological method  that was created  on the basis of CPT. Clinical studies  have been conducted confirming the efficacy of CFT in CLBP. CFT is aimed at regular therapeutic exercises, normalization of motor activity with avoidance  of excessive  physical and static exertion, avoidance  of sedentary lifestyle  and normalization of sleep, which is often  disturbed  in chronic back pain. In practice, patients with CLBP often  have low adherence to increased physical activity during the day, to therapeutic exercises. In most cases, this is due to the fact that in the first days of increased physical activity there  is an increase  in pain. Patients mistakenly fear further  progression of pain and disease. Prescribing  NSAIDs usually results  in pain reduction  as early as the first days of administration, so patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain have an increased desire  to engage in physical activity and therapeutic exercises. The choice of a particular NSAID medication is made individually, taking into account the co-morbidities and the risk of possible  side effects. We discuss the use of nimesulide in CLBP.
Optimizing the management of patients with persistent postural perceptual dizziness and migraine
Authors: Zastenskaya E. N. , Antonenko L. M.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Dizziness and headache are among the most frequent complaints in neurological practice, which significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, so the development of effective methods of managing patients with persistent postural perceptual vertigo (PPPD) and migraine is an urgent task.

Objective. To study and optimize typical management practices of patients with PPPD and migraine.

Materials and methods. Twenty-two patients aged 39.3 ± 10.2 years with PPPD and migraine according to the diagnostic criteria of the Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Barany Society were examined. During the study we used Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, clinical otoneurological examination, otoneurological questionnaire, Dizziness Handicap Inventory, videonystagmography. After the diagnosis was made, the patients were prescribed a complex treatment. To relieve an acute attack of vertigo, dimenhydrinate was prescribed, as well as the combined drug cinnarizine 20 mg + dimenhydrinate 40 mg Arlevert, which in a number of studies showed high efficacy and good tolerability. One month later, the patients were examined in the dynamics.

Results. Patients with PPPD had migraine without aura (54%), migraine with aura (14%), and vestibular migraine (32%). The level of anxiety was significantly higher in the group of patients with PPPD and vestibular migraine. There was moderate severity of dizziness in all groups of patients, after one month against the background of ongoing therapy severity of dizziness significantly decreased in all groups. Diagnoses “PPPD” and “vestibular migraine” were not set beforehand in any of the examined patients.

Conclusions. The study showed a low level of diagnosis of PPPD and vestibular migraine. Management of patients with PPPD and migraine requires a complex approach.
Подготовка специалистов медицинского и социального профиля: практико-ориентированный подход
Authors:   Kursk State Medical Unversity, Непочатых Е.П.
Published: January 2023

В статье представлены результаты теоретического анализа проблем подготовки специалистов и бакалавров медицинского и социального профиля в контексте гуманизации образования и реализации компетентного подхода, реализуемого в высшем медицинского образовании; рассмотрен практико-ориентированный подход как один из эффективных в практике подготовки специалистов; представлен опыт проведения Фестиваля науки по социальной работе, организованный кафедрой социальной работы и безопасности жизнедеятельности ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России.
Determination of Clark unit hydrograph parameters for estimating probable maximum flood
Authors: Lee Jinwook , Yoo Chulsang
Published: January 2023

The probable maximum flood (PMF) is the flood caused by the probable maximum precipitation (PMP). A unit hydrograph (UH) is generally used to derive the PMF for the given PMP, but a method is needed to modify the UH parameters to reflect the PMP condition. This study presents a new method using the estimated channel velocity to modify the Clark UH parameters under the ordinary condition into those under the PMP condition. This study considers major dam basins in Korea and evaluates the application results in comparison to several previous studies. As application results of the proposed method, the Clark UH parameters under the PMP condition are found to be within the range 39–53% of those under the ordinary condition, with their mean of about 44%. The UH derived by applying this mean ratio shows that its peak time and the peak flow are just 44 and 227% of the UH under the ordinary condition, respectively. This change from the ordinary condition to the PMP condition is more extreme in Korea than that in Australia and the United Kingdom. This extreme change seems to be due to the climate in Korea, located in the Asian Monsoon region.
The Derivatives of Cromolyn Ameliorate the Abnormal Misfolding of
Amyloid Proteins and Neuroinflammation in the Neural Cells
Authors: Lee Joo-Hee , Lakshmana Perumal Nivethasri , Kwon Sehee , Kim Hee-Cheol , Ahn Na-Hyun , Choi Su-Bin , Hwang Eunjin , Song Hyoryeong , Elmaleh David R. , Kim Aryun , Yang Woong-Suk , Kim Cheorl-Ho , Jang Byeong-Churl , Choi Sungwoon , Yang Seung-Hoon
Published: January 2023

Background:

The representative symptom of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) has
mainly been mentioned to be misfolding of amyloid proteins, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ)
and tau protein. In addition, the neurological pathology related to neuroinflammatory signaling
has recently been raised as an important feature in AD. Currently, numerous drug
candidates continue to be investigated to reduce symptoms of AD, including amyloid proteins
misfolding and neuroinflammation.

Objective:

Our research aimed to identify the anti-AD effects of two chemical derivatives
modified from cromoglicic acid, CNU 010 and CNU 011.

Methods:

CNU 010 and CNU 011 derived from cromoglicic acid were synthesized. The
inhibitory effects of Aβ and tau were identified by thioflavin T assay. Moreover, western
blots were conducted with derivates CNU 010 and CNU 011 to confirm the effects on inflammation.

Results:

CNU 010 and CNU 011 significantly inhibited the aggregation of Aβ and tau
proteins. Moreover, they reduced the expression levels of mitogen-activated protein
(MAP) kinase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-
κB) signaling proteins, which are representative early inflammatory signaling markers.
Also, the inhibitory effects on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cyclooxygenase
(COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression referring to late inflammation
were confirmed.

Conclusion:

Our results showing multiple beneficial effects of cromolyn derivatives
against abnormal aggregation of amyloid proteins and neuroinflammatory signaling provide
evidence that CNU 010 and CNU 011 could be further developed as potential drug
candidates for AD treatment.
A Compound Essential Oil Alters Stratum Corneum Structure, Potentially
Promoting the Transdermal Permeation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic
Ingredients
Authors: Yang Na , Ai Xinyi , Cheng Kang , Wu Yihan , Lu Zhi , Liu Zhenda , Guo Teng , Feng Nianping
Published: January 2023

Background:

The stratum corneum (SC) is the main barrier of the skin, and cosmeceuticals
are different from ordinary cosmetics in that they need to deliver active ingredients targeting specific
skin problems through the SC into the deeper layers of the skin. Thus, we designed a compound essential
oil (CEO) extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and Cinnamomum cassia Presl, supplemented
with borneol to deliver active ingredients through the SC.

Methods:

The CEO was prepared by flash extraction combined with the microwave method. Moreover,
the main components of the CEO were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS).
Visualization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), haematoxylin-eosin (HE)
staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), were used to study the permeationpromoting
mechanism of the CEO on the skin. Furthermore, the permeation-promoting effects of the
CEO on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ingredients were tested via in vitro skin penetration experiments
and in vivo microdialysis experiments.

Results:

The results indicated the ability of the CEO to alter the structure of the SC, leading to enhanced
transdermal permeation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic ingredients. The 1.5% CEO group demonstrated
the best permeation-promoting effect compared to the other CEO groups and blank groups (P<0.05).
Furthermore, the CEO displayed an expedited permeability-promoting effect on hydrophobic ingredients
compared to hydrophilic ingredients.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that the prepared CEO can promote the transdermal permeation of hydrophobic
and hydrophilic ingredients. This study will provide a reference for the application of the prepared
CEO in the development of cosmeceuticals with natural efficacy.
Why Do Pregnant Mothers Prefer to Give Birth at Home After they
Attended Antenatal Care Visits in Southern Ethiopia? A Phenomenological
Study Design
Authors: Temesgen Tesfaye , Figa Zerihun
Published: January 2023

Background:

Common causes of maternal deaths are direct obstetric complications that can
be managed by healthcare providers in health facilities. Women giving birth at home have a higher
contribution to maternal mortality and morbidity as well as a poor fetal outcome. Sub-Saharan Africa
accounts for an estimated 66% of all maternal deaths. This study aimed to explore why pregnant
mothers prefer to deliver at home after antenatal care follow-up in South Ethiopia.

Methods:

Phenomenological study design was used to explore the factors that push women to home
delivery despite antenatal care being provided. A purposive technique was used to recruit the twenty
pregnant mothers for the focused group discussion and ten healthcare providers for an in-depth interview.
The data saturation approach determined the sample size. A focused group discussion was
commenced with women who had ANC follow-ups during pregnancy gave birth at home and came for
immunization services in health facilities. The in-depth interview was done with physicians, midwives,
health officers, and traditional birth attendants. Data were translated into English by a bilingual
translator and analyzed thematically using Open Code software. The result was presented in a table
and text.

Results:

The study includes a total of 20 women for FGDs, seven health professionals, and three traditional
birth attendants from selected health facilities. The age of most FGD participants was 25-35
years. The ideas of the participants were grouped into five themes and subthemes. Fear of health professionals’
disrespect and abuse, a family decision on the place of delivery, lack of transport and money,
traditional birth attendants’ acceptability by the community, and sociocultural influences were
commonly raised as barriers to institutional delivery.

Conclusion:

Most of the barriers are related to behavioural issues, and effort should be made to
change the behaviour of the community in general. Improving the quality of the antenatal care service
and adequate counseling may be an appropriate intervention to increase health facilities' delivery.
Quantification of Celiac Disease Severity Using Video Capsule Endoscopy:
A Comparison of Human Experts and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Chetcuti Zammit Stefania , McAlindon Mark E. , Greenblatt Elliot , Maker Michael , Siegelman Jenifer , Leffler Daniel A. , Yardibi Ozlem , Raunig David , Brown Terry , Sidhu Reena
Published: January 2023

Background:

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is an attractive method for diagnosing and
objectively monitoring disease activity in celiac disease (CeD). Its use, facilitated by artificial intelligence-
based tools, may allow computer-assisted interpretation of VCE studies, transforming a subjective
test into a quantitative and reproducible measurement tool.

Objective:

To evaluate and compare objective CeD severity assessment as determined with VCE by
expert human readers and a machine learning algorithm (MLA).

Methods:

Patients ≥ 18 years with histologically proven CeD underwent VCE. Examination frames
were scored by three readers from one center and the MLA, using a 4-point ordinal scale for assessing
the severity of CeD enteropathy. After scoring, curves representing CeD severity across the entire
small intestine (SI) and individual tertiles (proximal, mid, and distal) were fitted for each reader and
the MLA. All comparisons used Krippendorff’s alpha; values > 0.8 represent excellent to ‘almost perfect’
inter-reader agreement.

Results:

VCEs from 63 patients were scored. Readers demonstrated strong inter-reader agreement on
celiac villous damage (alpha=0.924), and mean value reader curves showed similarly excellent agreement
with MLA curves (alpha=0.935). Average reader and MLA curves were comparable for mean
and maximum values for the first SI tertile (alphas=0.932 and 0.867, respectively) and the mean value
over the entire SI (alpha=0.945).

Conclusion:

A novel MLA demonstrated excellent agreement on whole SI imaging with three expert
gastroenterologists. An ordinal scale permitted high inter-reader agreement, accurately and reliably
replicated by the MLA. Interpreting VCEs using MLAs may allow automated diagnosis and disease
burden assessment in CeD.
Green Synthetic Approach: A Well-organized Eco-friendly Tool for
Synthesis of Bio-active Fused Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Karmakar Rajiv , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: January 2023

Background:

Heterocyclic chemistry is a highly significant and exciting segment of organic
chemistry because of its high biological and pharmacological activities. An environmentally benign and
synthetically proficient way of synthesis of fused heterocycles is the major goal of modern organic synthesis
by developing greener synthetic strategies. Green synthetic approaches address our future
challenges for the development of a bioactive heterocycle framework with maximum productivity and
minimum side products. A few decades ago, novel tools for manufacturing fused heterocycles had a huge
impact on organic chemistry. Subsequently, the preparation of fused heterocycles through a synthetically
efficient and environmentally benign route is the important purpose of modern synthetic chemistry.

Methods:

This review consists of green synthetic strategies for the synthesis of N/O-containing various
bio-active fused heterocyclic compounds using modern organic transformations including:
cyclocondensation, cycloaddition, one-pot, multi-components, and other modular reactions. Some greener
unconventional techniques such as ultrasound and microwave-assisted method, green solvent and solventfree
reaction medium are important modes adopted towards sustainability.

Objective:

This review aims to reflect the sustainability scope in green approaches to the synthesis of
N/O-containing bio-active fused heterocyclic compounds so that economically and environmentally
viable synthetic methodologies may be selectively identified and applied in academia and industries.

Conclusion:

In this review, we have discussed the recent advancements in green and eco-friendly tools
for the synthesis of N/O-based bio-active fused heterocyclic compounds that will lead to further research
in this field.