bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Not All Fluid Collections Are Created Equal: Clinical Course and Outcomes of Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Acute Peripancreatic Fluid Collections Requiring Intervention
Authors: Kim Kevin T. , Clark Jaclyn , Ghneim Mira , Feliciano David V. , Diaz Jose J. , Harfouche Melike
Published: February 2022

Background

Knowledge on pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) management has mostly involved large database analysis, which limits understanding of a complex and heterogeneous disease. We aimed to review the clinical course and outcomes of PP and acute peripancreatic fluid collections (APFC) that require intervention at 1 high-volume center.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients with APFC and PP undergoing drainage (2011-2018) was performed. Patients were divided into groups based on initial intervention: surgical (SR), percutaneous (PC), or endoscopic (EN) drainage. Primary outcome was mortality by initial intervention type. Secondary outcomes included subsequent interventions required, length of stay (LOS), readmission rates, and discharge disposition.

Results

Of 88 patients, 40 (46.1%) underwent SR, 40 (44.9%) PC, and 8 (9.0%) EN. No patients in EN group had APACHE II scores>20. Pancreatic necrosis was higher in SR (80.5%) and PC (62.5%) groups ( P = .006). There were no differences in mortality, LOS, or readmission rates. Ten patients in the PC group underwent subsequent surgical intervention, of which 9 were due to bowel ischemia. The PC group was 3.4 times more likely to be discharged to rehabilitation over home when compared to the other 2 groups ( P = .04).

Conclusion

Patients undergoing surgical or percutaneous drainage of APFC and PP have a greater burden of illness and more local complications requiring intervention compared to endoscopic drainage. The heterogeneity in presentation of peripancreatic fluid collections in acute pancreatitis must be considered when evaluating the benefits of each intervention.
Comparison Between Different Approaches Applied in Pediatric Adenoidectomy: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Ya-Lei , Yuan Bin , Kong Fei
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure most frequently performed by otolaryngologists. However, there are no universally accepted guidelines for the choice of the surgical approach in specific circumstances. Therefore, a network meta-analysis (NMA) is needed to summarize existing studies and provide more evidence-based medical guidelines.

Methods:

A systematic search of the literature was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EMBASE databases from inception to 31 July 2021. A network meta-analysis of operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain score, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue was performed.

Results:

A total of 20 studies with 2329 patients were included. Four common surgical approaches, including powered vacuum shaver adenoidectomy (PVSA), plasma field ablation adenoidectomy (PFAA), curettage adenoidectomy (CUA), and suction diathermy adenoidectomy (SDA), were compared for operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain score, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue. There were no significant differences between the surgical techniques for the 3 endpoints, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue. The data showed lower postoperative pain scores for PFAA than for CUA (MD = −3.45, 95% CI [−6.01, −0.95]). There were no significant differences in other surgical approaches for postoperative pain scores.

Conclusion:

There were no significant differences between PVSA, PFAA, CUA, and SDA for operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and incidence of postoperative residual tissue. PFAA had advantages over CUA for postoperative pain scores.
Implementing a Standardized Effect Size in the POLYSIBTEST Procedure
Authors: Weese James D. , Turner Ronna C. , Liang Xinya , Ames Allison , Crawford Brandon
Published: March 2022

A study was conducted to implement the use of a standardized effect size and corresponding classification guidelines for polytomous data with the POLYSIBTEST procedure and compare those guidelines with prior recommendations. Two simulation studies were included. The first identifies new unstandardized test heuristics for classifying moderate and large differential item functioning (DIF) for polytomous response data with three to seven response options. These are provided for researchers studying polytomous data using POLYSIBTEST software that has been published previously. The second simulation study provides one pair of standardized effect size heuristics that can be employed with items having any number of response options and compares true-positive and false-positive rates for the standardized effect size proposed by Weese with one proposed by Zwick et al. and two unstandardized classification procedures (Gierl; Golia). All four procedures retained false-positive rates generally below the level of significance at both moderate and large DIF levels. However, Weese’s standardized effect size was not affected by sample size and provided slightly higher true-positive rates than the Zwick et al. and Golia’s recommendations, while flagging substantially fewer items that might be characterized as having negligible DIF when compared with Gierl’s suggested criterion. The proposed effect size allows for easier use and interpretation by practitioners as it can be applied to items with any number of response options and is interpreted as a difference in standard deviation units.
Effective strategies for testicular torsion education in adolescents: A qualitative study in educational environments
Authors: MacDonald Caroline M , McCauley Nadine , O’Toole Stuart , Green James
Published: March 2022

Objective:

In the context of testicular torsion, research demonstrates a delay from the onset of testicular pain to attending hospital in adolescents, leading to high rates of testicular loss. This is due to a lack of knowledge about this condition. In this study, we aimed to investigate the methods adolescents and their parents felt would be effective in testicular torsion education.

Design:

Qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus group workshops were used to generate ideas and opinions regarding the ‘ideal’ education package for testicular torsion.

Setting:

One-to-one interviews with young men and a chosen chaperone recruited through purposive sampling from after-school clubs. Focus groups recruited from an active hospital youth forum.

Method:

Qualitative data analysis was undertaken to explore collective and normative views and to validate findings using a combination of thematic framework, and descriptive and content analysis.

Results:

In all, 16 young men aged 11–19 years with an attending chaperone were interviewed. Forty-four young people of both sexes participated in focus groups. Participants in all groups supported school-based teaching about testicular torsion, with focus group members mentioning Personal, Social, Health and Economic Education (PSHE) as the preferred setting. Members of all groups also advocated the use of video, but tone was a matter of debate. Reservations were expressed regarding the use of social and online media as primary means of dissemination but saw these as useful adjuncts to formal school lessons. Focus group members were supportive of teaching in a mixed sex environment and for repeat lessons at 11 and 13 years of age.

Conclusion:

Study findings support the development and use of PSHE teaching, using video methodology, to promote knowledge about testicular torsion in boys and young men. An evidence-based intervention to improve outcomes in testicular torsion for this cohort can now be developed.
Limning India’s Direct Tax Collection Contractions
Authors: Deb Rajat
Published: March 2022

Indian direct tax collections have remained sluggish over the period coupled with the lesser tax buoyancy have compelled the government to collect revenues from the untapped or under-tapped sources to finance the galloping expenditure such as the health and defence. To achieve the fixed money value targets the taxmen have been putting excessive pressures on the taxpayers who have created a panic, likely to tantamount to infamous tax terrorism and tax disputes have arisen blocking substantial tax revenues in litigations. Taking this in to cognisance the government has attempted to rationalise the tax system by introducing tax amnesty scheme such as the Vivad-se-Viswas and by launching a Faceless Assessment Scheme (FAS) and tax charter, which is likely to address the tax disputes significantly. To increase the revenue, the best approach for the government is to broadening the tax base, reducing the tax rates, rationalising the tax system, formalising the unorganised sectors and by enhancing the lower household incomes substantially in lieu of serving notices to the non-filers is the need of the hour.

JEL Codes: E62, H25
Book review: Marginal Farmers of India
Authors: Chattopadhyay Panchanan
Published: March 2022

Feroze Varun Gandhi, A Rural Manifesto: Realizing India’s Future Through Her Villages. New Delhi: Rupa, 2018, 825 pp., ₹995.
Book review: Devendra Kumar, International Relations and Contemporary Security Issues
Authors: Dwivedi Manan
Published: March 2022

Devendra Kumar, International Relations and Contemporary Security Issues. New Delhi: Sarup Publications, 2021, 103 pp., ₹1200.
Developing a Canadian Indo-Pacific geopolitical orientation
Authors: MacDonald Adam , Vance Carter
Published: March 2022

There is growing consensus that Canada needs to “do more” in the Indo-Pacific region as it becomes the centre of gravity in a changing international landscape—a landscape challenging several traditional assumptions about the nature and configuration of global power which Canadian foreign policy has rested upon for decades, specifically due to the emergence of Sino-American rivalry. It is clear Canada needs a regional approach which is rooted in and better informed by geopolitical considerations, but there remains an absence of analytical frameworks to compare and evaluate alternative approaches. In addressing this void, this paper sketches out and compares four possible orientations Canada could pursue towards the Indo-Pacific region: Minimal Engagement, US-Aligned Confrontation, Regional Multilateralism, and Selective Minilateralism. Remaining agnostic about which one(s) Canada should choose, the paper is designed to highlight the stark trade-offs Canada must increasingly confront as it navigates this uncertain environment.
Problematizing the Dominant Narrative on Women’s Involvement in Igbo Masking Traditions
Authors: Asogwa Odoja , Odoh George
Published: March 2022

This study examines how the lives of three women, Lọlọ Ọyịodo Eze Elugwu, Lọlọ Ọyịma Ezema, and Lọlọ Ọyima Ayọgụ from Nsukka Igbo, southeast Nigeria, challenge widespread assumptions on women’s involvement in Igbo masking traditions. Although the uncommon achievements of these women do not completely dismantle existing beliefs and assumptions that view Igbo masquerade activities as the exclusive preserve of men, the study highlights how their roles as initiates of the Omabe masquerade cult, as well as their capacities to commission, own and animate masks, problematize notions of gender, power and spaces in Igbo masquerade institution. It equally opens up a critical space for interrogating women’s positions and roles in Igbo masquerade institution and establishes grounds for re-appraising its essence and gendering politics.
The Nexus Between Females Who Kill and HIV/AIDS: Exploring the Contributing Factors to This Complex Phenomenon
Authors: Hesselink Ann-Mari Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

This qualitative, phenomenological study explored four incarcerated adult females’ experiences that contributed to their human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) status and acts of murder. The participants were purposely selected based on their HIV status and their crime, murder. Data were collected through one-on-one interviews and available secondary reports on the topic. The goal of this research was to answer two questions: (1) What contributed to the female participants’ HIV-positive status? and (2) How did the females’ HIV-positive status shape their crime of murder? A thematic analysis was used to analyse and identify the factors linked to the participants’ HIV status and their crime. The findings suggest irregular testing of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), promiscuous behaviour, partner infidelity and ignorance of partners’ HIV status as contributory factors to the females’ HIV-positive status. Specific childhood-related and adulthood-related factors explain the murder of the participants’ partners/spouses.
Experimental investigation of the effect of weave type on the mechanical properties of woven hemp fabric/epoxy composites
Authors: Sahbaz Karaduman Nesrin
Published: February 2022

Natural fiber composites have a growing popularity as alternative materials to petroleum-based plastics and glass fiber reinforced composites due to various economic and environmental reasons. Textile preforms such as woven, knitted, braided, nonwoven, and multiaxial fabrics are commonly used in composite industry due to their high mechanical properties, tailorability, ease of handling during production, and versatility in material design. A range of properties can be obtained by varying the weave pattern and fabric architecture in woven fabric composites. In this study, epoxy composites reinforced with hemp woven fabrics with four different weave types were produced. The weave types chosen were quasi-unidirectional (UD), plain, basket 2/2, and twill 2/2 which are commonly used in the composite industry. Fabric properties such as yarn angle, yarn density, and crimp ratio were determined to evaluate their possible effect on composite properties. Tensile and three-point flexural tests were conducted in order to determine the effect of weave type on the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. It was found that UD composites show the highest tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus in the 0° (yarn) direction. Plain weave fabric composites showed the second highest tensile and flexural strength and moduli followed by basket 2/2 weave composites. Composites reinforced with twill 2/2 woven fabrics showed the lowest mechanical properties due to high yarn crimp and yarn angle, less balanced structure, and resulting shear forces involved during various loading conditions.
Painful Words: The Effect of Battlefield Activity on Conflict Negotiation Behavior
Authors: Min Eric
Published: March 2022

How does battlefield activity affect belligerents’ behavior during wartime negotiations? While scholars have studied when and why warring parties choose to negotiate, few insights explain what negotiators do once seated at the table. I argue that actors engage in obstinate negotiation behavior to signal resolve when undergoing contentious and indeterminate hostilities. I explore this claim by analyzing all negotiation transcripts and associated daily military operations reports from the Korean War. Using text-based, machine learning, and statistical methods, I show that high levels of movement or casualties in isolation produce clear information on future trends, thus yielding more substantive negotiations, while more turbulent activity featuring high movement and casualties in tandem produces cynical negotiations. Moving past contemporary literature, this study explores micro-level dynamics of conflict and diplomacy, builds a theoretical bridge between two perennial views of negotiation, and provides a framework for studying war by applying computational methods to archival documents.
Spotlight on Age: An Overlooked Construct in Medical Sociology
Authors: Barrett Anne E. , Michael Cherish
Published: March 2022

Medical sociology gives limited attention to age—a surprising observation given the aging of the population and the fact that age is among the strongest determinants of health. We examine this issue through an analysis of articles published in Journal of Health and Social Behavior ( JHSB) and Sociology of Health & Illness ( SHI) between 2000 and 2019. One in 10 articles focused on age or aging, with attention increasing over the period. However, the journals differed. More JHSB than SHI articles addressed it, but fewer focused on the latest life stages when frailty often appears. We discuss three dimensions of age that would enrich medical sociology: as a dimension of inequality akin to race and gender with similar health effects, as an institution interacting with the medical one, and as an identity—again, akin to race and gender—through which people process their experiences in ways that affect health.
The Dao of Maslow: A New Direction for Mentorship
Authors: Hoffman Edward , Compton William C.
Published: March 2022

Despite its historical importance for human achievement in many fields, mentorship has received meager research attention until relatively recently. Now recognized as a distinct personal relationship, mentorship is linked to a variety of psychological benefits to mentees including greater self-esteem, well-being, career focus, and leadership capability. Mentors have also been found to experience gains related to generativity. However, lacking has been a meaningful conceptualization of mentorship based on humanistic psychological concerns related to the “whole person.” In particular, the idea that mentoring can facilitate the self-actualization process has been neglected in the literature. In this article, we draw upon Maslow’s writings, particularly related to Daoism, to propose a new conceptual model. For at the time of his sudden death, he was directly seeking to apply Daoist notions to a variety of helping relationships including teaching, counseling, psychotherapy, and even friendship and parenting. After differentiating growth-centered mentorship from skill-centered mentorship, we delineate the former’s essential features based on Maslow’s unfinished legacy in this domain. These aspects include (a) incorporating and fostering the far goal of self-actualization; (b) guiding mentees to better identify their calling by identifying peak and foothill experiences; (c) helping mentees to overcome what Maslow termed the Jonah complex, as well as what subsequent researchers have dubbed the imposter syndrome; and (d) recognizing the mutuality of growth for both participants into a potentially synergic relationship.
Living Authentically in the Face of Death: Predictors of Autonomous Motivation Among Individuals Exposed to Chronic Mortality Cues Compared to a Matched Community Sample
Authors: Arena Andrew F. A. , MacCann Carolyn , Moreton Sam G. , Menzies Rachel E. , Tiliopoulos Niko
Published: March 2022

Despite research demonstrating positive outcomes of conscious death reflection, very little research directly examines a core proposition of existential psychologists—that death reflection provides an opportunity for more authentic living. The current study compared individuals chronically exposed to genuine mortality cues (funeral/cemetery workers, n = 107) to a matched control sample ( n = 121) on autonomous motivation. It also assessed the moderating role of six constructs implicated in growth-oriented processing of death reflection: psychological flexibility, curiosity, neutral death acceptance, death anxiety, approach-oriented coping, and avoidant coping. Funeral/cemetery workers were significantly higher on autonomous motivation, and death-related work was found to have a more positive association with autonomous motivation for those higher on flexibility and lower on death anxiety. This has implications for both understanding which individuals are most likely to experience growth motivations when confronting death, and potential avenues for facilitating these motivations to enhance well-being.
The Editor’s Note: Big questions about special education
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: March 2022

Although the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is widely considered a landmark piece of civil rights legislation, and it has opened doors for many students with disabilities. However, as Rafael Heller explains, funding for implementation has fallen short and compliance with the law has become more important than actually meeting students’ needs. The March 2022 Kappan discusses some of the concerns about how IDEA is currently implemented and offers suggestions for improvement.
Reimagining IDEA using the axiom of brilliance
Authors: Rubenstein Lisa DaVia , Sandifer Charles B. , Spoon Robyn
Published: March 2022

IDEA provides essential guidance and legal support for students with disabilities, yet its conceptual and systemic framework tends to promote a focus on student deficits. Thus, teachers and IEP team members may have low expectations of students with disabilities and fail to encourage the development of their talents. Lisa DaVia Rubenstein, Charles Sandifer, and Robyn Spoon propose the adoption of a conceptual framework known as the axiom of brilliance, which assumes students are brilliant. To meet students’ needs in their areas of brilliance, they recommend that educators adopt a more holistic approach that purposefully identifies student strengths and uses that information to design appropriate learning experiences.
Serving students with autism: Ensuring a place for applied behavior analysis
Authors: Barnett Juliet E. Hart
Published: March 2022

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has grown dramatically, and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires educators to use evidence-based practices to improve academic and/or behavior outcomes for children with ASD. There is definitive scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of applied behavior analysis (ABA) as an educational intervention for children with autism, yet ABA is not formally included as a related service under IDEA. Juliet Hart Barnett discusses how ABA can address the needs of students with autism, the barriers to its implementation, and why it should be treated as a related service that schools provide under IDEA.
White educators working with Black parents: Resistance and trust
Authors: Brown Pamela D.
Published: March 2022

When parents push back against educators’ comments or recommendations about their children, those parents may actually be reacting to a long history of negative interactions with schools. This is especially true when Black parents are interacting with white educators. Research has shown that teachers, who are predominately white, tend to communicate differently with parents of color than they do with white parents. Too often, the relationships between educators and parents become characterized by mistrust, rather than the kind of collaboration that can support students. Psychologist Pamela Brown offers suggestions for how educators can learn to trust parents of color and become more trust-worthy partners with parents.
Reimagining American Education: Possible Futures
Authors: Ishimaru Ann M.
Published: March 2022

Educational leaders are facing unprecedented challenges that many do not feel prepared for, especially when it comes to promoting equity. Ann Ishimaru explains that an expansive view of leadership that incorporates historically marginalized youth, families, and communities will enable schools to better serve all students. Schools have a history of focusing on managerial and administrative expertise and ignoring the expertise within the communities they serve, but Ishimaru offers examples of initiatives that have sought to bring more people — especially people of color— into leadership with positive results.
BACKTALK: The problem with homework: A letter to my younger brother
Authors: McGrath Colin
Published: March 2022

High school junior Colin McGrath shares his views about homework with his younger brother, who is in 8th grade and preparing to begin high school. McGrath points out that a lot of homework doesn’t have much value for learning, and he urges his brother to be sure to take time to pursue activities he enjoys. Such activities, he explains, provide important opportunities for learning and growth that homework doesn’t always offer.
Prison Education: Beyond Review and Evaluation
Authors: Flynn Nick , Higdon Rachel
Published: March 2022

Much is made of the potential of prison education to impart knowledge and skills and transform life chances. Prison education is tasked with delivering qualifications and effecting recidivism. In assessing current arrangements for the delivery of prison education and reviews and evaluations of its impact on recidivism in England and Wales, this article argues that prison education should be an inclusive activity. Specifically, prison education should focus less on individual development and more on whole class ‘domains,’ in particular, knowledge of (re)integration. Research, policy, and practice on civic/citizenship education provide models in this regard.
Reducing the Misclassification Costs of Cognitive Diagnosis Computerized Adaptive Testing: Item Selection With Minimum Expected Risk
Authors: Hsu Chia-Ling , Wang Wen-Chung
Published: March 2022

Cognitive diagnosis computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT) aims to identify each examinee’s strengths and weaknesses on latent attributes for appropriate classification into an attribute profile. As the cost of a CD-CAT misclassification differs across user needs (e.g., remedial program vs. scholarship eligibilities), item selection can incorporate such costs to improve measurement efficiency. This study proposes such a method, minimum expected risk (MER), based on Bayesian decision theory. According to simulations, using MER to identify examinees with no mastery (MER-U0) or full mastery (MER-U1) showed greater classification accuracy and efficiency than other methods for these attribute profiles, especially for shorter tests or low quality item banks. For other attribute profiles, regardless of item quality or termination criterion, MER methods, modified posterior-weighted Kullback–Leibler information (MPWKL), posterior-weighted CDM discrimination index (PWCDI), and Shannon entropy (SHE) performed similarly and outperformed posterior-weighted attribute-level CDM discrimination index (PWACDI) in classification accuracy and test efficiency, especially on short tests. MER with a zero-one loss function, MER-U0, MER-U1, and PWACDI utilized item banks more effectively than the other methods. Overall, these results show the feasibility of using MER in CD-CAT to increase the accuracy for specific attribute profiles to address different user needs.
Community-Based Work in the Context of Digital Interaction and COVID
Authors: Murphy John W.
Published: February 2022

In the Era of COVID-19, most research and clinical practice have been carried out through videoconferencing (Zoom meetings). This style of interaction, however, comes into conflict with community-based work, which depends heavily on local insights and community entrée. In this paper, some of the reasons for this basic conflict are examined, along with some limited remedies for the restrictions placed on community-based work by computer-mediated discourse.
Media and information literacy for developing resistance to ‘infodemic’: lessons to be learnt from the binge of misinformation during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Singh Nirmal , Banga Gagandeep
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by the spurt of misinformation, which was termed as ‘infodemic’ and ‘disinfodemic’, swaying the health decisions of the populace. There was the binge of bizarre information which putatively intensified the coronavirus and consequent fatalities due to relying on false information. The overview provides essence of infodemic during COVID-19 situation, mainly actuated through social media platforms. The absence of au courant media and information literacy skills amongst masses as they were unable to extricate the trustworthy information from the substantial available information they were accessing on their gadgets, underpins the need for immediate action to curtail any further infodemic. Literature accessed from the Internet was documented, analyzed, and compiled. The splurge of misinformation during COVID-19 pandemic, bizarre instances of infodemic, efforts of social media platforms to curb it, need for strengthening media and information literacy of folks and role of libraries and educational institutions in accomplishing this have been discussed. The prevalent milieu necessitates the need for empowering folks with media and information literacy skills for developing critical thinking skills amongst them for managing any future outflow of misinformation.
Production, policy and power: the screen industry’s response to the environmental crisis
Authors: Sørensen Inge Ejbye , Noonan Caitriona
Published: March 2022

Climate change is a concern for many nations, industries and citizens. However, for some it will also be a moment of opportunity. As witnessed in relation to the pandemic, dynamics of power have a particular purchase at moments of crisis. This article proposes a greater concern with questions of policy and power in relation to green strategies within the screen sector and highlights the role that media scholars might play in developing this critical lens. There has been a recent rise in efforts to mitigate particular environmental harms and the article outlines some of the initiatives that are emerging from both commercial and public bodies. Here are no shared systems for auditing and reporting, and few formal policies are widely recognised or adopted. As different ideas and approaches garner greater traction, travelling from one national and industrial setting to others, the article scrutinises the industrial, structural and policy obstacles which hinder a meaningful shift for film and television production to be environmentally sustainable. The article reflects on the agendas and forces at play in this space and attempts to stimulate debate about how those researching media production might productively engage in critiquing these policies and dynamics of power.
The Association Between Views of Aging and Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Older Adults: Findings From Two Samples
Authors: Weissberger Gali H. , Bodner Ehud , Palgi Yuval , Kavé Gitit , Shmotkin Dov , Shrira Amit
Published: March 2022

This cross-sectional study examined whether views of aging (VoA) relate to subjective cognitive complaints in two separate cohorts of older adults. Ageist attitudes, attitudes to aging (psychological loss, physical change, and psychological growth), subjective age, and subjective successful aging were examined. A moderating effect of chronological age was also examined. Samples included 572 adults aged 50 or older (Sample 1; mean age = 67.63, SD = 11.39, 49.4% female) and 224 adults aged 65 or older (Sample 2; mean age = 81.50, SD = 6.61, 75.3% female). More negative VoA (higher ageist attitudes, lower psychological growth, lower physical change, older subjective age, and less successful aging) were associated with more subjective cognitive complaints after controlling for covariates. An increase in chronological age strengthened some of these associations. Findings suggest that improving dimensions of VoA may have a complementary positive effect on subjective cognitive complaints in older adults.
Anonymity, fidelity to law, and digital Civil disobedience
Authors: Loh Wulf
Published: March 2022

Making use of the liberal concept of civil disobedience, this paper assesses, under which circumstances instances of illegal digital protest—called “hacktivism”—can be justified vis-à-vis the pro tanto political obligation to obey the law. For this, the paper draws on the three main criteria for liberal civil disobedience—publicity, nonviolence, and fidelity to law—and examines how these can be transferred to the realm of the digital. One of the main disanalogies between street and cyberspace protests is the tendency of hacktivists to remain anonymous, which in turn calls into question their fidelity to law (the third criterion). The paper argues that there are functionally equivalent alternatives to what can be called the “acceptance-of-legal-consequences-condition” (ALCC) associated with the fidelity to law. As a result, the ALCC is not a necessary condition for hacktivists to showcase their fidelity to law, thereby resolving the apparent disanalogy.
Derrida's Wheel – The Circularity of Political (R)Evolutions
Authors: Pusterla Elia RG , Pusterla Francesca
Published: March 2022

This article investigates the relationship between political revolutions and the evolution of politics. It discusses the circularity within the concept of revolution through Jacques Derrida’s theory of sovereignty as particularly per Rogues – Two Essays on Reason and The Beast and the Sovereign. Derrida’s notions of wheel and ipseity display ontological prerogatives and evolutionary limits of political revolutions possibly coinciding with reversals hard to turn into linear evolutions, excluding rather than reaffirming circularity. Political revolutions show such incapacity to become evolutionary for politics when lacking ontological substance and resting upon formal contingencies such as new techniques. An ‘alturnative’ notion of sovereignty is proposed as a heuristic criterion to gauge political events’ ‘revolutionary’ quality. This undermines the (r)evolutionary nature of political turns, like those associated with the contemporary digitalisation of politics. The Italian Five Stars Movement’s parable is a case in point of digital political turns whose effect is non-evolutionary for politics.
Multi-bilateral aid for disease control
Authors: Steele Carie A
Published: March 2022

A growing portion of aid directed through multilateral channels is earmarked for specific recipients and purposes, giving donors greater control, also known as multi-bilateral aid. This project examines competing explanations of donors’ use of this multi-bilateral aid for different problems within the same sector, specifically development aid for disease control. Using explanations from the literature on multilateralism and principal-agent dynamics, I compare donors’ use of multi-bilateral and bilateral delivery of disease-specific foreign aid. The results suggest that while donors deliver a greater portion of aid through multi-bilateral channels for larger, more complex problems, they are reluctant to delegate issues that most affect their populations.
General Educators’ Perceptions of Social Inclusion of Elementary Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: McGuire Stacy N. , Meadan Hedda
Published: March 2022

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) exhibit challenging behaviors and social skills delays that can interfere with their ability to build relationships. Intervening early (e.g., in elementary school) can prevent short- and long-term consequences of these challenging behaviors. General educators serve as the primary teacher of these students, with some students with EBD spending more than 80% of their school day in the general education setting. In addition, given the amount of time elementary students spend with their general educators, these educators may be able to build a community that can help students establish and maintain positive relationships while engaging equally and actively in classroom activities. The purposes of this study were to (a) explore elementary general educators’ perceptions of social inclusion of students with EBD, and (b) identify facilitators of and barriers to social inclusion. We identified four themes: social inclusion, relationships, facilitators, and barriers and needs. Findings indicated that general educators work to socially include students with EBD, but they faced barriers related to collaboration with special educators and needed professional development. Implications include the need for more collaboration between practitioners to promote socially inclusive environments for students with EBD.
Smiling won’t make you feel better, but it might make people like you more: Interpersonal and intrapersonal consequences of response-focused emotion regulation strategies
Authors: Bahl Nancy , Ouimet Allison J
Published: March 2022

Emotion regulation (ER) is integral to well-being and relationship quality. Experimental studies tend to explore the intrapersonal effects of ER (i.e. impacts of ER on oneself) and leave out the interpersonal impacts (i.e. the bidirectional impact of ER on the regulator and partner). The ER strategy expressive suppression shows maladaptive interpersonal and intrapersonal consequences during distressing conversations. We aimed to explore whether other ER strategies that modify facial expressions (i.e. expressive dissonance) have similar consequences to suppressing emotional expressions. We randomly assigned 164 women participants to use expressive dissonance and expressive suppression or to naturally express emotions, while engaging in a conversation task with a confederate. We observed intrapersonal outcomes, including electrodermal activity and self-reported affect throughout the experiment, and memory performance after. Video coders unaware of the study goals assessed the conversation on interpersonal qualities (e.g. friendliness and likeability). There were no differences between conditions on intrapersonal outcomes. Participants engaging in expressive dissonance, however, were rated more positively, and participants in the expressive suppression condition were rated more negatively on interpersonal qualities, relative to the control condition. Although neither strategy appeared to impact the participant, intrapersonally, both notably influenced the observer’s impression of the participant.
Contextualising rural entrepreneurship – A strong structuration perspective on gendered-local agency
Authors: Elkafrawi Nermin , Roos Annie , Refai Deema
Published: March 2022

This article employs Stones’ (2005) Strong Structuration Theory (SST) to contextualise rural entrepreneurship. Through shadowing a single case study of a woman entrepreneur from rural Sweden, we propose gendered-local agency as operationalisation of active agency in practice. While SST positions active agency as a property of agents, we demonstrate it is as a property that is intertwined with both agents and structure. Simultaneously enabled and constrained, gendered-local agency itself becomes contextualised within gender-related and locality-related rural-specific interplay that modifies, preserves and challenges rural structures. The article contributes to the literature on contextualising entrepreneurship through a structuration lens by signifying gendered-local agency as a manifestation of rural-specific interplay between contexts as environments (out there) and context as constructed (through entrepreneurs). This conceptualisation proposes everyday entrepreneurship as a demonstration of agency in action, thus setting a foundation for exploring entrepreneurship through the context-specific agent-structure interplay in the rural context and others.
Examining utility and feasibility of implementing patient-reported outcome measures in occupational therapy primary care practice
Authors: Hand Carri , Donnelly Catherine , Bobbette Nicole , Borczyk Maria , Bauer Martha , O’Neill Collen
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Occupational therapists are increasingly part of interprofessional primary care teams, helping to expand primary care to meet client needs. Effectiveness of occupational therapy services is difficult to determine with currently collected data, and little is known about the best tools to use or how to integrate tools into practice. We explored the utility and feasibility of implementing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) within occupational therapy primary care practice.

Method

We integrated pre-test/post-test and exploratory qualitative designs. Over 7 months, nine occupational therapists administered two PROMs to clients receiving falls prevention services, addressing falls efficacy and participation in daily occupations. Subsequent interviews with therapists explored the utility and feasibility of using the tools. We assessed pre-to-post change in PROM scores and thematically analyzed interview data.

Results

The occupational therapists valued measuring function and participation in daily occupations to inform practice, communicate with team members, and demonstrate effectiveness. The falls efficacy scale appeared to capture change over time and was feasible to implement at pre-test.

Conclusion

PROMs appear useful within occupational therapy primary care falls prevention services and can be feasible with attention to administration processes. Further development and testing of PROMs is needed to support occupational therapy primary care practice.
An experimental study of the dynamic responses of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates subjected to ice impact
Authors: Li Dacheng , Jiang Xiongwen , Guo Licheng , Chi Runqiang , Xie Wenbo , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2022

The aircraft structures are threatened by soft material impact such as birds and hail ices. The main objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive experimental method to evaluate the resistance performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate subjected to ice impact loadings. First, a hollow tube sensor was adopted to measure the impact force of ice projectiles. Based on the deformation process captured by a high-speed camera and the analysis on transmitted energies obtained by the tube sensor, the repeatability of the ice impact loadings was confirmed and its impact behavior was analyzed. Second, six T700/epoxy carbon reinforced polymer laminates were impacted with different loading velocities, where the transient deformation data during impact were obtained by 3D digital image correlation method The post-test detection was realized using both optical microscopes and scanning acoustic microscopes. The impact of ice projectiles resulted in distributed loadings on the laminate targets with invisible inner matrix cracks and delaminations. Irregular distributions of delaminated areas subjected were observed and their sized increased with the impact velocity. The experimental method showed its practicability on impact issues with projectiles of unknown properties.
The anti-inflammatory and osteogenic activity of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide/astaxanthin nanofibers membranes in vitro study
Authors: Dang Xuan , Zhang Hengfang , Lin Lexun , Li Pei , Ren Liping , Zhang Wei , Song Rong
Published: March 2022

Anti-inflammation and bone regeneration are the two major goals of periodontal therapy. We have demonstrated that chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO)/astaxanthin (ASTA) nanofibers membranes prepared by electrospinning had favorable micro-morphology, good mechanical properties, and no cytotoxicity. In this study, CS/PVA/GO/ASTA nanofibers membranes were prepared to modulate both inflammatory response and osteogenic induction in vitro study. When the nanofibers membranes were co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells, glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein in the cells was highly expressed and RAW264.7 cells were polarized to M2 phenotype at the same time. In addition, following stimulation with nanofibers membranes, the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of Osteocalcin (OCN) and Runx2 in Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were highly expressed. Taken together, these results suggested CS/PVA/GO/ASTA nanofibers membranes may promote the dissipation of inflammation and stimulate the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts.
A Framework for Preparing to Teach Students With Extensive Support Needs in the 21st Century
Authors: Ruppar Andrea , Kurth Jennifer , Bubash Sarah , Lockman Turner Elissa
Published: March 2022

Special education teachers for students with extensive support needs often and unwittingly make misinformed decisions. These decisions are situated within systems, which fail to support expertise development in teaching this population, resulting in decisions influenced by media, commercially available curricula, and outdated assumptions about possible student outcomes. We propose a framework for making and evaluating decisions about teaching students with extensive support needs to support teacher education in this area. Based on 45 years of research and theory, we propose that teacher educators should prepare teachers to (a) know what to teach; (b) know how to teach; and (c) identify who teaches students with extensive support needs. We further suggest that teacher education and teacher decision-making for students with extensive support needs should be evaluated based on the following basic questions: (a) Is it inclusive? (b) Is it dignifying? (c) Is it student centered? and (d) Is it evidence-based? A rationale and recommendations for practice are provided.
Working Conditions and Burnout of Special Educators of Students With EBD: Longitudinal Outcomes
Authors: Brunsting Nelson C. , Bettini Elizabeth , Rock Marcia , Common Eric A. , Royer David James , Lane Kathleen Lynne , Xie Fei , Chen Aiai , Zeng Fanyi
Published: March 2022

Special education teacher (SET) burnout is a significant concern, especially for SETs serving students with emotional–behavioral disorders (EBD), as they tend to experience higher burnout than other teachers. Working conditions, especially social support, have the potential to ameliorate burnout, but prior research has not articulated the sources and types of social support that are most important. The authors conducted a longitudinal study, surveying 230 SETs serving students with EBD at three time points across one school year. Data revealed administrative support, adequacy of planning time, and autonomy in fall predicted emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment in winter and spring. Associations between working conditions and burnout components were partially mediated by SETs’ perceptions of workload manageability. SET change in well-being due to COVID-19 during the early months of the pandemic was not associated with burnout. The authors discuss implications, limitations, and directions for future inquiry.
The Sensitivity of Community Extra-Structural Features on Event Prediction in Dynamic Social Networks
Authors: Khafaei Taleb , Tavakoli Taraghi Alireza , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Rezaee Ali
Published: February 2022

A dynamic Online Social Network is a special type of evolving complex network in which changes occur over time. The structure of a community may change over time due to the relationship changes between its members or with other communities. This is known as a community event. In this paper, we discussed the effect of important individual community features and the lengths of adequate time intervals considered in the analysis of the behavior of social networks on the prediction accuracy of each event. Furthermore, we introduced the extra-structural features as global social network features to justify the relationship between the lengths of time intervals used in the model training by using the best prediction accuracy of events. We found a relationship between the scale of network dynamics and the length of time intervals for observing the spread and decomposed events. Finally, by comparing the accuracy of the model based on time interval length which investigated based on cps-value in this study and using the Event Prediction in Dynamic Social Network (EPDSN) model, the hypothesis of a reverse relationship between cps growth rate and time interval length to obtain better prediction accuracy for both the spread and decomposed events.