bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Efficacy of Time-Restricted Eating in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Lili , Chen Wei , Wu Dan , Hu Fang
Published: October 2022

Context

Time-restricted eating (TRE), which restricts food intake to a limited duration of the day, is a key regimen of intermittent fasting.

Objective

The aim of our study was to provide an up-to-date meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of TRE on weight loss and other metabolic-related parameters in adults.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published before February 26, 2022. Study duration of TRE was at least 4 weeks. Body weight and other metabolic-related continuous parameters were described as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% CI.

Results

Seventeen randomized controlled trials involving 899 participants were analyzed. The pooled meta-analysis has shown that TRE contributed to a significant decrease in body weight with a WMD of −1.60 kg (95% CI −2.27 to −0.93) and fat mass with WMD −1.48 kg (95% CI −1.59 to −1.38). Subgroup analysis showed that TRE could reduce body weight and fat mass especially in overweight participants with WMD −1.43 kg (95% CI −2.05 to −0.81) and −1.56 kg (95% CI −1.67 to −1.44), respectively. TRE also showed beneficial effects on the lipid spectrum in overweight participants, including decreased levels of triglyceride (WMD −12.71 mg/dL, 95% CI −24.9 to −0.52), total cholesterol (WMD −6.45 mg/dL, 95% CI −7.40 to −5.49), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD −7.0 mg/dL, 95% CI −9.74 to −4.25). However, compared with control, TRE had no significant effects on waist circumference, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, or blood pressure.

Conclusion

This updated meta-analysis found that TRE may be an effective approach to improve the metabolic state of nonobese subjects, especially in overweight participants.
Approach to the Patient: Management and the Long-term Consequences of Graves' Disease in Children
Authors: Rivkees Scott A
Published: October 2022

In children, Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Most pediatric patients with GD will not go into lasting remission, even following many years of antidrug therapy. Thus, most pediatric patients will require radioactive iodine (RAI) or surgery. When antithyroid drugs are used, methimazole is the drug of choice. When methimazole is used in children, up to 20% will have minor adverse reactions and serious adverse events occur in up to 1%. RAI is an effective form of therapy when the thyroid size is less than 80 g. Because of concerns of whole-body radiation exposure, it is recommended that RAI be avoided in children under 5 years of age, and dosages less than 10 mCi be used between 5 and 10 years of age. Surgery is an effective treatment in children if performed by a high-volume thyroid surgeon. Because of the scarcity of high-volume pediatric thyroid surgeons, a multidisciplinary approach using pediatric surgeons and endocrine surgeons can be considered. Whereas there is a trend toward long-term antithyroid drug therapy in adults, for several reasons, this approach may not be practical for children. Determining the optimal treatment for the pediatric patient with GD, requires consideration of the risks and benefits relating to age and likelihood of remission.
Empowering Lordship in the Registers of Homage to Charles VI (Languedoc, 1389–1390)
Authors: Graham-Goering Erika
Published: October 2022

This article surveys the extensive registers of homages and dénombrements from the voyage of King Charles VI to Languedoc in 1389–90 as evidence of the reinforcement of seigneurial power through interaction with the royal government. These records established a consensus view of aristocratic power in the seneschalsies of Toulouse and Carcassonne but differentiated those who owed homage or fealty to the king. This distinction revealed a consistent gap within the stratification of social status and judicial rights of the men and women in these groups, even as references to lordship across this corpus remained stable. Lordship and nobility were thus malleable but separate concepts, and lordship cut across the divide between the categories of high and low justice often prioritized by normative models of power. The negotiations surrounding seigneurial authority suggest a decentralized and dynamic alternative to top-down models of the political development of the late medieval French kingdom.

Cet article aborde les registres d'hommages et de dénombrements faits au roi Charles VI en Languedoc en 1389–90 en les traitant comme signes du renforcement du pouvoir seigneurial à travers des interactions avec la monarchie. Ces registres établissent une vision consensuelle du pouvoir aristocratique dans les sénéchaussées de Toulouse et de Carcassonne, tout en distinguant ceux qui doivent hommage ou fidélité au roi. Cette distinction révèle un écart dans la stratification du statut social et des droits judiciaires de ces hommes et femmes, alors même que les références à la seigneurie restent stables dans l'ensemble du corpus. La seigneurie et la noblesse sont donc des concepts malléables mais distincts, et la seigneurie recoupe la distinction entre les catégories de haute et de basse justice privilégiées par les modèles normatifs du pouvoir. Ces négociations autour de l'autorité seigneuriale suggèrent une alternative décentralisée et dynamique aux modèles top down du développement politique du royaume français à la fin du Moyen Age.
Fashion on the Brain
Authors: Hamerton Katharine J.
Published: October 2022

This article explores Nicolas Malebranche's approach to fashion: an inescapable postlapsarian consequence of God's sociable design of the human mind and body as manifested in the imagination. A problematic side effect of the general laws established by God governing the soul-body relationship, fashion wreaked havoc on individuals' thinking and potential for redemption yet pointed to a larger providential plan for social benefit. These ideas led Malebranche to a distinctive nonpolitical approach to fashion—both “Enlightenment project” and theodicy—in which he sought to promote, toward human liberation and salvation, an enlightened understanding of the processes that created fashion and a charitable approach to managing it. Ultimately, however, his brain-based analysis ended up limiting individual freedoms (imaginative, cognitive, and behavioral), notably for those endowed with certain kinds of minds, in ways that had long-lasting effect. It also helped lay foundations for the Enlightenment's conflicted views about fashion as individual folly and beneficial social phenomenon.

Cet article montre que, pour Nicolas Malebranche, la mode constitua une conséquence inévitable de la Chute et du dessin sociable et providentiel de l'esprit et du corps, manifesté dans l'imagination. Effet secondaire et problématique des lois générales établies par Dieu pour gouverner les relations entre l'esprit et le corps, la mode entrave la réflexion et l'accès au salut tout en dessinant un plan providentiel, au bénéfice de tous. A la fois projet des Lumières et théodicée, cette approche apolitique s'efforce, dans une visée mêlant libération, salut et charité, de saisir les processus qui créent la mode afin de s'en accommoder. Parce qu'elle met l'accent sur le cerveau, cette approche tend pourtant à restreindre, de manière durable, les libertés individuelles (imagination, cognition, comportement), surtout pour certains types d'esprit. Et elle montre comment, pour les Lumières, la mode peut être à la fois une folie individuelle et un phénomène à multiples vertus sociales.
Encyclopédistes, Magistrates, and the Corporate General Will
Authors: Harris Jeffrey Ryan
Published: October 2022

This article argues that a variety of versions of the “general will” were central to late Old Regime political culture and that these included not only Jean-Jacques Rousseau's most famous anticorporatist variant but also corporate ones originating with Denis Diderot and with the Parlements (via the Jansenists). These rival variants of general will discourse all contributed to an emerging protodemocratic political culture in the last decades of the Old Regime, and they furthermore framed the debate over the forms and procedures of the Estates-General in 1789. Because French political culture in 1789 depended on a plural, contested general will discourse, François Furet's and Keith Michael Baker's arguments locating the Terror's origins in a hegemonic Rousseauist general will discourse in 1789 are incorrect. The article also thereby indicates that Timothy Tackett's argument denying evidence for Rousseau's direct influence on the deputies in 1789 cannot suffice to disprove the influence of a “discourse of will” in the National Constituent Assembly.

Cet article soutient que plusieurs variantes de la « volonté générale » jouaient un rôle central dans la culture politique française à la fin de l'Ancien Régime, y compris non seulement la plus célèbre variante anticorporatiste de Rousseau mais aussi des variantes corporatives issues de Diderot et des Parlements (grâce aux Jansénistes). Ces variantes rivales dans le discours de la volonté générale contribuaient toutes à une culture politique proto-démocratique émergente dans les dernières décennies de l'Ancien Régime, et en outre elles ont délimité le débat sur les formes et procédures des Etats Généraux en 1789. Puisque la culture politique française en 1789 dépendait d'un discours pluriel et contesté de la volonté générale, les arguments de Furet et de Baker qui situent les origines de la Terreur dans un discours hégémonique rousseauiste de la volonté générale sont incorrects. Cet article indique aussi que l'argument de Tackett qui nie l’évidence d'une influence directe de Rousseau sur les députés en 1789 ne peut pas suffire pour réfuter l'influence d'un « discours de volonté » dans la Constituante.
Domestic Affairs
Authors: Ghosh Sahana
Published: October 2022

How do protests and security regimes engage each other on the question of difference? This question frames this essay's ethnographic portrayal of the expression of dissent and political claims in a borderland site of national security and the Indian security state's management of such dissent to reinforce its legitimacy as a liberal democracy. Border residents in eastern India, predominantly Muslim or depressed caste, are minority citizens. By closely reading the terms through which they articulate their claims and humiliations and how they are rendered suspect, subordinated, and othered from fulsome democratic rights and citizenship, this essay offers a portrait of the slow violence of affective rule in a place of “no conflict.” Turning away from spectacular instances of militarism and state violence, this essay illuminates the affective force of militarization whose goal is to disable critique and segment minority citizens into subordinated inclusion. It asks how collective political action might be heard and endure in such constrained conditions. This specific locus is instructive for the logic of contradistinction as a mode of security rule more widely. It demonstrates that the intersection of gender and religious identity is not a “dimension” of contemporary national security regimes but must be seen as foundational to their constitution and legitimacy.
Finding the right thermal limit: a framework to reconcile ecological, physiological and methodological aspects of CTmax in ectotherms
Authors: Ørsted Michael , Jørgensen Lisa Bjerregaard , Overgaard Johannes
Published: October 2022

Upper thermal limits (CTmax) are frequently used to parameterize the fundamental niche of ectothermic animals and to infer biogeographical distribution limits under current and future climate scenarios. However, there is considerable debate associated with the methodological, ecological and physiological definitions of CTmax. The recent (re)introduction of the thermal death time (TDT) model has reconciled some of these issues and now offers a solid mathematical foundation to model CTmax by considering both intensity and duration of thermal stress. Nevertheless, the physiological origin and boundaries of this temperature–duration model remain unexplored. Supported by empirical data, we here outline a reconciling framework that integrates the TDT model, which operates at stressful temperatures, with the classic thermal performance curve (TPC) that typically describes biological functions at permissive temperatures. Further, we discuss how the TDT model is founded on a balance between disruptive and regenerative biological processes that ultimately defines a critical boundary temperature (Tc) separating the TDT and TPC models. Collectively, this framework allows inclusion of both repair and accumulation of heat stress, and therefore also offers a consistent conceptual approach to understand the impact of high temperature under fluctuating thermal conditions. Further, this reconciling framework allows improved experimental designs to understand the physiological underpinnings and ecological consequences of ectotherm heat tolerance.
Boosting Visible Light-induced Photocyclization Quantum Yield of a Diarylethene-perylenebisimide Dyad by Introducing a Ketone Spacer Group
Authors: Ikariko Issei , Kim Sunnam , Hiroyasu Yae , Higashiguchi Kenji , Matsuda Kenji , Yokojima Satoshi , Kurihara Seiji , Fukaminato Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2022

Recently, we found a unique visible light-induced photocyclization reaction in a diarylethene-perylenebisimide dyad based on multiplicity conversion via intramolecular energy transfer. Here we report on the remarkable enhancement of photocyclization quantum yield under visible light irradiation by changing the spacer unit from an ester to a ketone group. This simple modification lifts the restrictions of solvent choice and oxygen quenching.
Gout of the temporomandibular joint and review of the literature
Authors: Hng Joel , Manchella Sankar , Lekgabe Ernest
Published: October 2022

Gout is a disease characterised by abnormal deposition of monosodium urate crystals, typically affecting the extremities. This report describes a rare case of gout affecting the left temporomandibular joint with erosion of the skull base. A diagnosis of gout was suspected based on CT and MRI and confirmed with CT-guided biopsy. The temporomandibular joint is an uncommon location for a first presentation of gout, with very few cases documented and only three cases of skull base involvement reported in the English literature previously. Given its radiological appearance, it can easily be misdiagnosed as other erosive arthropathies or malignancy. Our paper highlights an unusual location for the first and only manifestation of gout and offers some diagnostic and treatment ideas that may help clinicians to identify and manage this disease.
Applications in Nowcasting
Authors: Λάμπρου Δήμητρα
Published: October 2022

Σκοπός της τρέχουσας διατριβής είναι να εξετάσουμε τρόπους για την πρόβλεψη του ρυθμού ανάπτυξης του ελληνικού πραγματικού Ακαθάριστου Εγχώριου Προϊόντος (ΑΕΠ). Διερευνήσαμε εάν, η χρήση bridge μοντέλων μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε βελτιώσεις των επιδόσεων, στην πρόβλεψη του πραγματικού ΑΕΠ, για την Ελλάδα. Με βάση την προφανή μείωση του ΑΕΠ κατά τη διάρκεια της κρίσης, τονίσαμε τη δυνητική χρησιμότητα τέτοιων μοντέλων, στην πρόβλεψη της αναμενόμενης ανάκαμψης της ελληνικής ανάπτυξης. Δεδομένου ότι πολλοί δείκτες μηνιαίας δραστηριότητας δημοσιοποιούνται πρότερα του ΑΕΠ, είναι ενδιαφέρον να δούμε, πώς η δομή και ο χρόνος των bridge μοντέλων μπορούν να οδηγήσουν σε πιθανές βελτιώσεις στην πρόβλεψη της ανάπτυξης. Τα αποτελέσματα, μας δείχνουν ότι με τη χρήση δεικτών επιχειρηματικού κύκλου υψηλότερων συχνοτήτων, οι βελτιώσεις αυτές είναι πράγματι δυνατές. Προκειμένου, να επιβεβαιωθεί η καταλληλότητα της μεθόδου που χρησιμοποιήθηκε, για την περίπτωση της Ελλάδας, εφαρμόσαμε την ίδια μεθοδολογία σε έξι ευρωπαϊκές χώρες όπως: η Κύπρος, η Ιρλανδία, η Γερμανία, η Πορτογαλία, η Ισπανία και το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο. Η επιλογή της Γερμανίας και του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου, βασίστηκε κυρίως στο γεγονός ότι, είναι οικονομικά και δημογραφικά τα μεγαλύτερα μέλη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Η Κύπρος, η Ιρλανδία, η Πορτογαλία και η Ισπανία, έχουν επιλεγεί επειδή είναι παρόμοιες οικονομίες με της Ελλάδας. Επιπλέον, χρησιμοποιήσαμε περισσότερους δείκτες, που είναι διαθέσιμοι με μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα για να βελτιώσουμε την πρόβλεψη τριμηνιαίας αύξησης της παραγωγής και, το πιο σημαντικό είναι ότι εξετάζουμε την επίδραση των αναθεωρήσεων των δεδομένων στην επιλογή μοντέλου. Στην ανάλυσή μας εστιάζουμε σε τρία είδη μοντέλων, ορόσημα, bridge μοντέλα και μοντέλα ανάλυσης παραγόντων που προσπαθούν να κατανοήσουν την επίδραση που είχε η κρίση τόσο στα δεδομένα όσο και στο ενημερωτικό περιεχόμενο των επεξηγηματικών μεταβλητών και στην πρόβλεψη των διαφόρων μοντέλων. Τα αποτελέσματά μας υποδηλώνουν ότι όχι μόνο παρατηρούμε μεγάλες αλλαγές στο πληροφοριακό περιεχόμενο λόγω αναθεωρήσεων δεδομένων, αλλά τα μοντέλα με την υψηλότερη προβλεπτική ικανότητα ποικίλλουν ανάλογα τόσο με τις προβλεπόμενες μεταβλητές που χρησιμοποιούνται όσο και με το χρονικό σημείο της πρόβλεψης προέλευσης. Επομένως, είναι σημαντικό να εξεταστεί ένα εύρος μοντέλων για να πραγματοποιηθούν προβλέψεις, ιδίως σε περιόδους υψηλότερης μεταβλητότητας και αναθεωρήσεων δεδομένων, όπως στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας.
Η έννομη προστασία στις απαλλοτριώσεις ακινήτων στην πολεοδομική οργάνωση και στην οικιστική ανάπτυξη των μεγάλων αστικών κέντρων
Authors: Σίμου Αναστασία
Published: October 2022

Αντικείμενο της διατριβής είναι έννομη προστασία στις απαλλοτριώσεις ακινήτων στην πολεοδομική οργάνωση και στην οικιστική ανάπτυξη των μεγάλων αστικών κέντρων. Ερευνάται η παροχή έννομης και αποτελεσματικής δικαστικής προστασίας ως αναγκαίο μέσο για την υλοποίηση των απαραίτητων διαδικασιών και την προστασία των απορρεόντων ατομικών δικαιωμάτων, ώστε ο θεσμός της αναγκαστικής απαλλοτρίωσης να λειτουργεί εις όφελος του δημοσίου χώρου χωρίς να θίγεται η προστασία της ατομικής ιδιοκτησίας.Στη συνέχεια μελετώνται τα είδη των απαλλοτριώσεων ως μέσα πολεοδομικού σχεδιασμού και ερευνάται το ζήτημα της προστασίας του δικαιώματος της ιδιοκτησίας μέσα από τα κριτήρια που θέτει η θεωρία και η νομολογία.Η εξέταση του νομικού πλαισίου των απαλλοτριώσεων κρίνεται ιδιαίτερα σημαντική για λόγους που σχετίζονται με την πολεοδομική ανάγκη του καθορισμού και της διασφάλισης περισσότερων κοινόχρηστων και κοινωφελών χώρων για τη βελτίωση της ποιότητας της ζωής των κατοίκων. Η δημοσιονομική συγκυρία των τελευταίων ετών απαιτεί συστηματικότερη προσέγγιση του ζητήματος των απαλλοτριώσεων και δεσμεύσεων ιδιοκτησιών, το οποίο συνδέεται άρρηκτα με την υλοποίηση του πολεοδομικού σχεδιασμού στους υφιστάμενους αστικούς ιστούς. Η σταδιακή εξασφάλιση των αναγκαίων κονδυλίων, στη βάση έγκαιρου και απολύτως τεκμηριωμένου προγραμματισμού ως προς την αναγκαιότητα απόκτησης χώρων, καθώς και η επιτάχυνση των διοικητικών διαδικασιών, αποτελούν απαραίτητες προϋποθέσεις, τόσο για την ακώλυτη εφαρμογή του πολεοδομικού σχεδιασμού, όσο και για την προστασία του δικαιώματος στην ιδιοκτησία.Τα παραδείγματα των αλλοδαπών εννόμων τάξεων συμβάλλουν ουσιαστικά στην αποτύπωση των αλλοδαπών διαδικασιών και προτύπων και στην υιοθέτηση τάσεων και πρακτικών ικανών να προωθήσουν την αποτελεσματικότητα των διαδικασιών κήρυξης απαλλοτρίωσης, καθορισμού τιμής μονάδας, αναγνώρισης δικαιούχων, καταβολής της αποζημίωσης και συντέλεσης της απαλλοτρίωσης.Για την πληρέστερη και ασφαλέστερη εξαγωγή των συμπερασμάτων και διατύπωση προτάσεων μελετήθηκε ως περίπτωση η κήρυξη, η εξέλιξη και η συντέλεση των απαλλοτριώσεων στον Δήμο Αθηναίων.
Long-term health after Severe Acute Malnutrition in children and adults- the role of the Pancreas (SAMPA): Protocol
Authors: Ahmed Sana , PrayGod George , R. Lee Nanette , Kelly Paul , Trilok-Kumar Geeta , Chisenga Molly , Kweka Belinda , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , AM Shaw James , M. Paglinawan-Modoc Dixi , Solon Juan , Frahm Olsen Mette , Stefanovski Darko , Cox Sharon , Nitsch Dorothea , Keogh Ruth , Filteau Suzanne
Published: October 2022

Background: Prenatal growth retardation may increase the risk of later chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes; however, long-term effects of wasting malnutrition in childhood or adulthood are less studied. Pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions, both critical for nutrition and NCD aetiology, may not fully recover following malnutrition. However, the evidence and mechanistic information is piecemeal. We hypothesise that wasting malnutrition at any age has long-term detrimental effects on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic structure and function.

Methods: The SAMPA international research programme will assess pancreatic structure and function in 3700 participants from ongoing observational nutrition cohorts, two adolescent and four adult, in Zambia, Tanzania, Philippines, and India. Pancreas size, structure, and calcification will be assessed by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan; exocrine function by faecal elastase and serum lipase; and endocrine function by haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In-depth hormonal analyses of incretins, glucagon, proinsulin and trypsinogen during OGTT and intravenous glucose tolerance tests will be done in subsets of adult participants. Pancreatic size and function outcomes will be compared between people with and without prior wasting malnutrition. Analyses will investigate effect modification by sex, current age, time since malnutrition, current body mass index and dietary patterns. Mathematical modelling of OGTT data will be used to estimate the relative contribution to glucose dysregulation of decreased insulin production, changes in insulin clearance and increased insulin resistance. Proinsulin/insulin ratio will be analysed in archived samples from the Tanzanian cohort using a nested case-control design to investigate whether abnormal values precede diabetes.

Conclusions: SAMPA, a large-scale multi-centre research programme using data from people with or without prior wasting malnutrition to assess several aspects of pancreatic phenotype, will provide coherent evidence for future policies and programmes for malnutrition and diabetes.
Case Report: Case report: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in combination with bronchoscopy in the treatment of respiratory failure of lung cancer patient.
Authors: Guziejko Katarzyna , Minarowski Łukasz , Mróz Robert
Published: October 2022

Background: Respiratory failure (RF) is a common medical problem among cancer patients. Particularly active or ex-smokers diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or lung cancer may develop severe hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Moreover, pneumonitis as a complication of the currently widely used immunotherapy of various cancers, may cause respiratory disorders requiring ventilation support. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is recommended as the first-line treatment for this type of respiratory failure and reduces the need for endotracheal intubation.

Case presentation: We present a case report of lung cancer patient, who received NIV in the treatment of RF due to an infectious exacerbation of COPD. In addition, NIV enabled assisted flexible bronchoscopy (NIV-FB) to be performed. During the procedure tumor samples were collected for further molecular diagnosis of lung cancer. Improvement of the patient general condition and quality of life was also achieved.

Conclusions: NIV can be used at any stage of oncological management in patients with lung cancer. It can also be implemented during endoscopic procedures of the respiratory system, as well as support in palliative care of patients with lung cancer at the end of life. Further studies should evaluate the use of NIV in conjunction with various oncological treatments and identify the exact contradictions for BF with NIV support in advanced cancer patients with RF.
Population disruption: observational study of changes in the population distribution of the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gibbs Hamish , Waterlow Naomi R. , Cheshire James , Danon Leon , Liu Yang , Grundy Chris , Kucharski Adam J. ,   LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Eggo Rosalind M.
Published: October 2022

Background: Mobility data have demonstrated major changes in human movement patterns in response to COVID-19 and associated interventions in many countries. This involves sub-national redistribution, short-term relocations, and international migration. Aggregated mobile phone location data combined with small-area census population data allow changes in the population distribution of the UK to be quantified with high spatial and temporal granularity.

Methods: In this paper, we combine detailed data from Facebook, measuring the location of approximately 6 million daily active Facebook users in 5km2 tiles in the UK with census-derived population estimates to measure population mobility and redistribution. We provide time-varying population estimates and assess spatial population changes with respect to population density and four key reference dates in 2020 (first UK lockdown, end of term, beginning of term, Christmas).

Results: We show how population estimates derived from Facebook data vary compared to mid-2020 small area population estimates by UK national statistics agencies. We also estimate that between March 2020 and March 2021, the total population of the UK declined and we identify important spatial variations in this population change, showing that low-density areas have experienced lower population decreases than urban areas. We estimate that, for the top 10% highest population tiles, the population has decreased by 6.6%. Finally, we provide evidence that geographic redistributions of population within the UK coincide with dates of non-pharmaceutical interventions including lockdowns and movement restrictions, as well as seasonal patterns of migration around holiday dates.

Conclusions: The methods used in this study reveal significant changes in population distribution at high spatial and temporal resolutions that have not previously been quantified by available demographic surveys in the UK. We found early indicators of potential longer-term changes in the population distribution of the UK although it is not clear if these changes will persist after the COVID-19 pandemic.
New host plant records of Humerobates rostrolamellatus Grandjean in Italy
Authors: De Giosa Marcello , Barreto Carlos
Published: October 2022

Humerobates rostrolamellatus Grandjean is an oribatid mite species commonly found in association with fruit trees like apple trees and plums. We sampled twigs and leaves of 12 different trees in the Apulia territories in Southern Italy in 2019. Here we report 11 new host plant records for H. rostrolamellatus; no damage has been observed on the trees associated with the mite populations.
Health monitoring by functional indicators with the help of sensors at the phase of patient rehabilitation in today's conditions
Authors: Buhaienko Tetiana , Popovych Dariya , Bondarchyk Valentyna , Novakova Lyubov , Hevko Ulіana , Vayda Olena , Myndziv Kateryna
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, people's need for fast and effective rehabilitation processes is growing significantly. Sensory devices are available for people with functional disabilities, which are used for rehabilitation to help a person's health and return to an appropriate standard of living. Scientists in the field of rehabilitation medicine are actively studying the method of remote monitoring of the physiological indicators of the human body. The last decade has been marked by the intensive development of research in the field of sensor devices. For example, mechanical, robotic systems and exoskeletons, which enable people with limited physical capabilities to move their bodies, occupy an important place among the technical means for restoring the condition of the human locomotor system. Despite the existence of various technical systems and means for rehabilitation after injuries and diseases of the spine and lower limbs, the latest modern exoskeletons of various types have not yet been used.
Who Pays the Cancer Tax? Patients’ Narratives in a Movement to Reduce Their Invisible Work
Authors: Valentine Melissa A. , Asch Steven M. , Ahn Esther
Published: October 2022

Many studies examine the division of labor inside organizations. Yet there is also an expected division of labor between organizations and their clients, which research to date has tended to ignore or has treated as static and easily accepted by both parties. How might clients change the expected division of labor with a service organization? We developed this question while studying an academic cancer center (ACC), where patient activists led a movement to bring to light the burdensome invisible work they and their families did to coordinate their treatment. They shared their own stories, developed formal channels for collecting more stories, and worked to broadcast the growing set of stories across ACC. Their stories became a resource for change and mobilized a coalition of staff allies. Coalition members drew on the patient stories to develop a new diagnostic framing of the “Cancer Tax”—the burdensome coordination work ACC required of patients. They also developed a prognostic frame for how ACC could help, which inspired a new program that took on some of the patients’ coordination tasks. In this way, the patients’ stories created new awareness of the problem and provided resources for staff allies to make the case for taking on some of the patients’ invisible work. This study shows that clients can effectively influence organizational change through movements fueled by personal narratives (for instance, lessening the coordination work they must do to coproduce complex services).

Funding: This work was supported by Co-Investigators on the Cancer Center Transformational Initiative, funded by Stanford Health Care for $500,000 per year, 2012–2019.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1627 .
Morphological comparison between a pair of wing-pigmented and non-pigmented sibling species of the genus Hirtodrosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with description of a new species from Western Himalaya
Authors: KHAN MOHD ZAHIER , BHARDWAJ ASHA , KHALI SONALI , SATI PRADEEP CHANDRA , TODA MASANORI J. , FARTYAL RAJENDRA SINGH
Published: October 2022

Hirtodrosophila fascipennis (Okada, 1967) and its closely related species, Hirtodrosophila pellucidipennis Bhardwaj, Khan & Fartyal, sp. nov., have been found in sympatry from Western Himalaya, India, and the latter is described here with detailed morphological comparison to the former. The most distinctive characteristic is that, while H. fascipennis has a distinct pattern of pigmentation on its wings, the new species lacks such wing pigmentation.
Overview of Space Based Solar Power
Authors: R VENUGOPAL R VENUGOPAL , H. R Manjunath , V. Raghu Anjanpura
Published: October 2022

The rapid increase in the world population is leading to the environmental pollution, global warming and other global crisis. Supply of electric power has become a huge concern due to this population burst and global industrialization. To overcome this issue, solar power has become one of the pivotal energy sources. In current scenario, numbers of photovoltaic and other solar powered installations are increasing around the world and in space to achieve energy independence. In space, electricity produced by photovoltaic conversion of solar energy and it is environment friendly energy source. Terrestrial solar power installations do not produce much electric power, because the sunshine in earth is unpredictable whereas celestial power generation is unlimited as in space, the sun will always be shining.
Active focal-plane coronagraphy with liquid-crystal spatial-light modulators: broadband contrast performance in the visible
Authors: Kühn Jonas G. , Patapis Polychronis
Published: October 2022

The technological progress in spatial-light modulator (SLM) technology has made it possible to use those devices as programmable active focal-plane phase coronagraphic masks, opening the door to novel versatile and adaptive high-contrast imaging observation strategies. However, the scalar nature of the SLM-induced phase response is a potential hurdle when applying the approach to wideband light, as is typical in astronomical imaging. For the first time, to our knowledge, we present laboratory results with broadband light (up to

∼

12

%

bandwidth) for two commercially available SLM devices used as active focal-plane phase masks in the visible regime (640 nm). It is shown that under ideal or realistic telescope aperture conditions, the contrast performance is negligibly affected in this bandwidth regime, reaching a sufficient level for ground-based high-contrast imaging, which is typically dominated by atmospheric residuals.
Adaptive optics compensation of orbital angular momentum beams using a hybrid input–output algorithm with complementary binary masks
Authors: Xu Rui , Yang Guowei , Lv Jihang , Bi Meihua , Zhou Xuefang , Wang Yuesheng
Published: October 2022

For orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, we
show that the twin-image problem in the single-intensity-measurement
hybrid input–output algorithm (HIOA) severely impairs the phase
retrieval performance and propose a very simple method to overcome
this problem. First, we introduce the principle of the
single-intensity-measurement HIOA together with the underlying reason
for the twin-image problem and propose a new scheme of the HIOA using
a pair of complementary binary masks (CBMs) to overcome the twin-image
problem. To verify the usefulness of the proposed CBM-HIOA in the OAM
free-space optical system, a wave-optics simulation is used to produce
relatively realistic atmospheric turbulence, and the
turbulence-induced distorted phase of the probe Gaussian beam is
retrieved to compensate for the phase distortion of OAM beams. The
suppression of the bidirectional and stagnant convergence caused by
the twin-image problem, the compensation of the turbulence-induced
distorted phase of the OAM beams, and the influence of different CBM
shapes are studied in detail by numerical simulations. The
corresponding numerical results show the feasibility and efficacy of
the CBM-HIOA used for the adaptive optics compensation of OAM
beams.
Polarized reflection removal with difference feature attention guidance
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Li Qingwu , Yu Dabing , Liu Yan
Published: October 2022

Reflection removal is of great significance for high-level computer vision tasks. Most existing methods separate reflections relying heavily on the quality of intermediate prediction or under certain special constraints. However, these methods ignore the inherent correlation between the background and reflection, which may lead to unsatisfactory results with undesired artifacts. Polarized images contain unique optical characteristics that can facilitate reflection removal. In this paper, we present, to the best of our knowledge, a novel two-stage polarized image reflection removal network with difference feature attention guidance. Specifically, our model takes multi-channel polarized images and Stokes parameters as input and utilizes the optical characteristics of reflected and transmitted light to alleviate the ill-posed nature. It adopts a simple yet effective two-stage structure that first predicts the reflection layer and then refines the transmission layer capitalizing on the special relationship between reflection and transmission light. The difference feature attention guidance module (DFAG) is elaborated to diminish the dependence on intermediate consequences and better suppress reflection. It mitigates the reflection components from the observation and generates the supplement and enhancement to the transmission features. Extensive experiments on the real-world polarized dataset demonstrate the superiority of our method in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods.
Error analysis of a rotating-metasurface polarimeter
Authors: Wang Chenxiong , Chen Yiran , Meng Xiangqian , Meng Yilin , Gong Shengchao , Ren Mengxin , Xu Jingjun
Published: October 2022

Polarimeters, which measure the polarization states of light directly, are essentially desired in many areas of science and technology. In our previous work, we have constructed a polarimeter based on a rotating-metasurface, and the polarization Stokes parameters of the light were measured with the known Mueller elements of the metasurface. Here, we further perform the error analysis of the metasurface polarimeter. The errors in the measured Stokes parameters have been formulated for the errors in Mueller elements of the metasurface. This analysis can be used to evaluate and minimize the errors of the metasurface polarimeter.
Rotary bi-layer ring-shaped metamaterials for reconfiguration absorbers
Authors: Van Long Le , Tung Nguyen Hoang , Giang Trinh Thi , Son Pham Thanh , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Tung Bui Son , Khuyen Bui Xuan , Lam Vu Dinh
Published: October 2022

A reconfigurable metamaterial absorber (MA) in the microwave region is
numerically and experimentally demonstrated based on a multi-layered
metamaterial. The proposed structure can be mechanically switched
between two different configurations to obtain designated absorption
behaviors. By rotating the upper ring layer by multiples of 90 deg,
two separated absorption modes of the MA are created. The first
configuration acts as a single-band absorber, while the second
configuration performs multi-band perfect absorption. In addition, the
proposed structure can be easily switched into two different
configurations to obtain a designated absorption feature. Our work is
expected to provide an effective approach to obtaining reconfigurable
MAs, which are useful for various applications.
Influence of FeCo layer thickness on the interfacial asymmetry of FeCo/Si multilayers fabricated by direct current magnetron sputtering
Authors: He Jialian , Zhang Zhong , Liu Yang , Huang Qiushi , Wang Zhanshan
Published: October 2022

FeCo/Si is a promising material combination for polarized neutron
supermirrors because of its appropriate optical constants. Five
FeCo/Si multilayers with monotonically increasing FeCo layer
thicknesses were fabricated. Grazing incidence x-ray reflectometry and
high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were performed to
characterize the interdiffusion and asymmetry of the interfaces.
Selected area electron diffraction was used to determine the
crystalline states of FeCo layers. It was found that the asymmetric
interface diffusion layers existed in FeCo/Si multilayers.
Furthermore, the FeCo layer started the transition from amorphous to
crystalline when the thickness of the FeCo layer reached
4.0 nm.
Fast and interpretable consensus clustering via minipatch learning
Authors: Gan Luqin , Allen Genevera I.
Published: October 2022

Consensus clustering has been widely used in bioinformatics and other applications to improve the accuracy, stability and reliability of clustering results. This approach ensembles cluster co-occurrences from multiple clustering runs on subsampled observations. For application to large-scale bioinformatics data, such as to discover cell types from single-cell sequencing data, for example, consensus clustering has two significant drawbacks: (i) computational inefficiency due to repeatedly applying clustering algorithms, and (ii) lack of interpretability into the important features for differentiating clusters. In this paper, we address these two challenges by developing IMPACC: Interpretable MiniPatch Adaptive Consensus Clustering. Our approach adopts three major innovations. We ensemble cluster co-occurrences from tiny subsets of both observations and features, termed minipatches, thus dramatically reducing computation time. Additionally, we develop adaptive sampling schemes for observations, which result in both improved reliability and computational savings, as well as adaptive sampling schemes of features, which lead to interpretable solutions by quickly learning the most relevant features that differentiate clusters. We study our approach on synthetic data and a variety of real large-scale bioinformatics data sets; results show that our approach not only yields more accurate and interpretable cluster solutions, but it also substantially improves computational efficiency compared to standard consensus clustering approaches.
A pals-25 gain-of-function allele triggers systemic resistance against natural pathogens of C. elegans
Authors: Gang Spencer S. , Grover Manish , Reddy Kirthi C. , Raman Deevya , Chang Ya-Ting , Ekiert Damian C. , Barkoulas Michalis , Troemel Emily R.
Published: October 2022

Regulation of immunity throughout an organism is critical for host defense. Previous studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have described an “ON/OFF” immune switch comprised of the antagonistic paralogs PALS-25 and PALS-22, which regulate resistance against intestinal and epidermal pathogens. Here, we identify and characterize a PALS-25 gain-of-function mutant protein with a premature stop (Q293*), which we find is freed from physical repression by its negative regulator, the PALS-22 protein. PALS-25(Q293*) activates two related gene expression programs, the Oomycete Recognition Response (ORR) against natural pathogens of the epidermis, and the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR) against natural intracellular pathogens of the intestine. A subset of ORR/IPR genes is upregulated in pals-25(Q293*) mutants, and they are resistant to oomycete infection in the epidermis, and microsporidia and virus infection in the intestine, but without compromising growth. Surprisingly, we find that activation of PALS-25 seems to primarily stimulate the downstream bZIP transcription factor ZIP-1 in the epidermis, with upregulation of gene expression in both the epidermis and in the intestine. Interestingly, we find that PALS-22/25-regulated epidermal-to-intestinal signaling promotes resistance to the N. parisii intestinal pathogen, demonstrating cross-tissue protective immune induction from one epithelial tissue to another in C. elegans.
Comparing in vivo bioluminescence imaging and the Multi-Cruzi immunoassay platform to develop improved Chagas disease diagnostic procedures and biomarkers for monitoring parasitological cure
Authors: Francisco Amanda Fortes , Saade Ursula , Jayawardhana Shiromani , Pottel Hans , Scandale Ivan , Chatelain Eric , Liehl Peter , Kelly John M. , Zrein Maan
Published: October 2022

Background

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is a serious public health problem throughout Latin America. With 6 million people infected, there is a major international effort to develop new drugs. In the chronic phase of the disease, the parasite burden is extremely low, infections are highly focal at a tissue/organ level, and bloodstream parasites are only intermittently detectable. As a result, clinical trials are constrained by difficulties associated with determining parasitological cure. Even highly sensitive PCR methodologies can be unreliable, with a tendency to produce “false-cure” readouts. Improved diagnostic techniques and biomarkers for cure are therefore an important medical need.

Methodology/Principal findings

Using an experimental mouse model, we have combined a multiplex assay system and highly sensitive bioluminescence imaging to evaluate serological procedures for diagnosis of T. cruzi infections and confirmation of parasitological cure. We identified a set of three antigens that in the context of the multiplex serology system, provide a rapid, reactive and highly accurate read-out of both acute and chronic T. cruzi infection. In addition, we describe specific antibody responses where down-regulation can be correlated with benznidazole-mediated parasite reduction and others where upregulation is associated with persistent infection. One specific antibody (IBAG39) highly correlated with the bioluminescence flux and represents a promising therapy monitoring biomarker in mice.

Conclusions/Significance

Robust, high-throughput methodologies for monitoring the efficacy of anti-T. cruzi drug treatment are urgently required. Using our experimental systems, we have identified markers of infection or parasite reduction that merit assessing in a clinical setting for the longitudinal monitoring of drug-treated patients.
Every day mitral valve reconstruction: What has changed over the last 15 years?
Authors: Motazedian Farnoosh , Ostovar Roya , Hartrumpf Martin , Schröter Filip , Albes Johannes M.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Mitral valve reconstruction (MVR) is one of the cardiosurgical procedures which cannot be substituted by any intervention owing to the quality of the quasi-anatomical, physiological repair. However, technique and strategies have changed over the years. We looked at procedural characteristics and outcome in an all-comer, non-selected cohort of patients.

Methods

738 out of 1.977 patients were retrospectively analyzed receiving MVR with and without concomitant procedures. The cohort was divided into three periods. P1: 2004–2009 (134 pts.); P2: 2010–2014 (294 pts.), and P3: 2015–2019 (310 pts.).

Results

Early mortality increased from P1 to P2 and decreased from P2 to P3 (9% P1, 13% P2, 10% P3). All patients received an annuloplasty-ring. In P1 resection measures dominated. In P3 artificial chordae were dominant. Age, BMI, and risk scores correlated with early mortality. Survival rates were 66% (5-years), 55% (10-years), 44% (15-years) in P1, 63% (5-years), 50% (10-years) in P2, and 80% (5-years) in P3. Odds ratio for reduced long-term survival were concomitant venous only bypass surgery (10-years 2,701, p = 0.026). 10-year survival was positively influenced by isolated MVR (0.246, p = 0.001), concomitant isolated arterial bypass (IMA) (0.153, p = 0.051), posterior leaflet measure (0.178, p<0.001), and use of artificial chordae (5-years 0.235, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Indication for ring implantation remained mandatory while preference changed alongside improved designs. Procedural characteristics changed from mainly resection maneuvers to predominant use of artificial chordae. Long-term results were negatively influenced by co-morbidities and positively influenced by posterior leaflet repair and artificial chordae. MVR underwent a qualitative evolution and remains a valuable cardiosurgical procedure.
The introduction of mutations in the wild type coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) IRES RNA leads to different levels of in vitro reduced replicative and translation efficiencies
Authors: Gharbi Jawhar , Almalki Mohammed A. , Ben M’hadheb Manel
Published: October 2022

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a principal causative agent of viral myocarditis, meningitis and pancreatitis. There is no vaccine available for clinical use. It has been demonstrated that the primary molecular determinant of virulence phenotype is located in the 5’ UTR of the viral genome. Translation initiation of CVB3 RNA is directed by the IRES element situated in the 5’UTR. In the present study, we analyse the effects of single point mutations introduced in different positions in the domain V of the IRES RNA of CVB3 wild type. We characterizein vitrovirus replicative capacitiy and translation efficiency and we testin vivovirulence of different CVB3 mutants produced by the introduction of different mutations in the domain V of IRES by site-directed mutagenesis to abolish its structure. Our results demonstrate that all RNA mutants display different levels of decreased replication and translation initiation efficiencyin vitro. The translation defect was correlated with significant reduced viral titer of mutant particles in comparison with the wild type. When inoculated in mice, mutant viruses were checked for inflammation and necrosis.In vitroandin vivoFindings strongly suggest that the most attenuated mutant strain could be considered a candidate for live-attenuated CVB3 vaccine.