bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
0130 Central and Peripheral Markers of Oxidative Stress and Sleep in Mood Disorder: A Pilot MR Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Busler Jessica , Grant Leilah , Liao Vicky , Lin Alexander , Rahman Shadab , Mahon Pamela
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Sleep disturbance is both a symptom of and a risk factor for mood disorders. Oxidative stress may impact the relationship between sleep disturbance and mood. However, the relationships between sleep and in vivo measurements of oxidative stress in the brain have not been examined in humans. Therefore, we tested the relationship between patient-reported sleep disturbance with peripheral and central concentrations of glutathione (GSH), the primary antioxidant in the brain.

Methods

Participants (2 women and 7 men) were individuals with (n=2) and without mood disorder (n=7), ages 35-61 years. MR spectroscopy at 7 Tesla (TE=20ms, TM=10ms, TR=3000ms) was used to measure cortical GSH levels in the brain in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Peripheral GSH was assayed from a fasted morning blood draw. Sleep disturbance and related impairment was assessed via the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance (PROMIS-SD) and Sleep-Related Impairment (PROMIS-SRI) questionnaires. Pearson correlations were assessed between peripheral and central GSH levels with PROMIS-SD and PROMIS-SRI T-scores.

Results

We observed significant negative correlations between DLPFC GSH with sleep disturbance (r=-0.744, p=0.022) and sleep-related impairment (r=-0.753, p=0.019). We did not detect correlations between sleep-related endpoints and peripheral GSH levels or GSH levels in the ACC or VMPFC.

Conclusion

These preliminary results suggest that more sleep disturbance and related impairment may be associated with lower levels of cortical GSH and implicate a role for sleep disturbance to impact oxidative stress in a region associated with rapid eye movement sleep and modulation of affective states.

Support (If Any)

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health R01MH110979 (PBM) and T32MH017119 (JB).
0134 Circadian variation of absence seizures in an animal model of human leukodystrophy (H-ABC)
Authors: Cortes Carmen , Eguibar Jose R , Ibarra Juan M
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) is a human leukodystrophy is due to a mutation in the tubulin b 4a (TUBB4A) and the taiep rats is the only available model of this human disease with similar signs in the magnetic resonance imaging and a mutation in the TUBB4 that induced an accumulation of microtubules in the cytoplasm and its processes in the oligodendrocytes. Taiep rats had spike-wave discharges (SWD) that are similar to absence epilepsy with a progressive increase with the age of the subjects. The aim of this study is to analyze the circadian distribution of SWD on male taiep.

Methods

We used 16 male taiep rats at 6 and 9 months of age. All rats were kept in standard conditions with a 12/12 light-dark cycle (lights on at 0700) and free access to rodent food pellets and purified water and were implanted for EEG, EMG and EOG recordings to characterize the frequency and duration of SWD. All procedures followed the NIH rules, and the protocol was approved by BUAP-IACUC.

Results

The number of SWD are higher in male rats at 9 with respect to 6 months of age (P≤0.05), and also had higher incidence during the light phase with respect to the dark phase (P≤0.05). The duration of SWD had also a greater duration during the light period than the dark phase (P≤0.05).

Conclusion

Our results showed that SWD has higher incidence of SWD and of longer duration during the light period when the rats had more sleep suggesting that the neurotransmitters that are released during sleep facilitate the discharge in the thalamo-cortical circuit that support SWD.

Support (If Any)

Partially supported by PRONACES-CONACYT grant 194171, and VIEP-BUAP 2021 to CA in Neuroendocrinología. JMI is fellowship from CONACYT No. 735813.
0135 Springing Forward: The Influence of Daylight Savings Time on Team Performance in Professional Basketball
Authors: Pradhan Sean , Alton Devin
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Daylight Savings Time (DST) has been a well-studied occurrence in United States society. Past literature has documented numerous detriments related to cardiovascular and mental health, as well as heightened accident risk (e.g., traffic, construction, healthcare) due to this time shift. Given the scant research in professional sports though, the current study examines the impact of DST among National Basketball Association (NBA) teams.

Methods

Following the 2011-12 lockout-shortened season, data for all games played during the 2012-13 to 2019-20 NBA seasons were collected from the publicly-available sports database, Basketball-Reference. Data from the 2020-21 season were excluded due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. During this period, data from 8,843 games were obtained, with 65 of these games being played the same day as DST. We investigated the influence of DST on points scored, points allowed, and game outcomes for both the home and visiting teams using mixed-effects regressions controlling for season and when applicable, winning percentage. Specifically, we compared team performance for games immediately following DST with season averages.

Results

For both home and visiting teams, our regression models revealed no meaningful variations in performance between games played following DST and season averages. There were no statistically significant differences across points scored (pHome = .98, R2Marginal = .21, R2Conditional = .29; pVisiting = .36, R2Marginal = .32, R2Conditional = .45), points allowed (pHome = .84, R2Marginal = .34, R2Conditional = .42; pVisiting = .44, R2Marginal = .22, R2Conditional = .33), and game outcomes (pHome = .77, R2Marginal = .11, R2Conditional = .11; pVisiting = .71, R2Marginal = .10, R2Conditional = .18).

Conclusion

The present analysis offers preliminary evidence that DST may not produce any observable effects on the selected indicators of team performance. However, our results could be explained by organizational and athlete sensitivity toward potential compromised performance during games played following DST. Furthermore, our study did not consider other variables that could impact teams (e.g., actual sleep schedules and travel), and was limited by a relatively small sample size of games played on DST. We suggest that future studies examine additional metrics implicated in team performance, such as shooting percentages, rebound rates, turnovers, among others.

Support (If Any)

None
0136 Firefighter Sleep Behavior and Psychomotor Vigilance Compared to Biomathematical Predictions of Performance
Authors: Devine Jaime , Nichols Mellena , Schwartz Lindsay , Choynowski Jake , Hursh Steven
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Firefighters work a demanding 24-hour job in which fatigue may compromise safety. Biomathematical fatigue modeling software applications, like the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (SAFTE-FAST) could be adapted to serve as a fatigue mitigation tool for firefighting operations. SAFTE-FAST predicts task effectiveness using objective work and sleep data. Model predictions of effectiveness (Predicted Effectiveness) have not been previously compared against actual Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) speed (Actual Effectiveness) in a firefighter population.

Methods

Total sleep time across the 24-hour day (TST24) was monitored continuously throughout a 2-week study period in firefighters working 24-hour shifts using a sleep-tracking actigraphy device (Zulu Watch, Institutes for Behavior Resources). Speed on an 8-minute PVT was assessed daily on on-shift and off-shift days. Mean speeds >2 standard deviations above the grand distribution were excluded. SAFTE-FAST calculated Predicted Effectiveness (PVT Speed [1/Reaction Time] expressed as a % of individual optimum performance) from objective sleep and work data. Actual Effectiveness was computed as a percentage of the median of an individual’s top 10% fastest PVT Speeds. Paired samples t-test explored differences between on-shift and off-shift PVT Speed and TST24. Linear regression explored correlation of Predicted Effectiveness to Actual Effectiveness across 5% Effectiveness bins.

Results

Two hundred twenty (N=220) firefighters provided sleep, work, and PVT data for 1-2 weeks (Mean: 8; Range: 1-15 days) between 9/2020 to 8/2021. On-shift days accounted for 37% of study days (M: 3; R: 0-10 on-shift days). PVT Speed and TST24 were not significantly different between on-shift (Speed: 2.43±0.47; TST24: 404±163 minutes) and off-shift days (Speed: 2.44±0.48; TST24: 396±156 min; all p>0.1). Linear regression across 5% SAFTE prediction bins revealed significant correlations between SAFTE Predicted Effectiveness and PVT Actual Effectiveness (R2=0.861, p<.001).

Conclusion

Firefighters averaged less than 7 hours of sleep per 24-hour period whether on or off-shift. Average PVT speed was similar to performance from chronically-sleep-deprived or alcohol-impaired individuals. SAFTE-FAST Predicted Effectiveness and PVT Actual Effectiveness were distributed similarly across 5% bins. While preliminary, these findings suggest that firefighters may suffer from chronic sleep debt and impaired psychomotor vigilance that can be predicted using biomathematical modelling.

Support (If Any)

N/A
0139 Work Duration Affects How Prior-Night Sleep Predicts Next-Day Energy Expenditure in Emergency Response System Telecommunicators
Authors: Haynes Patricia , Fung Caitlin , Rojo-Wissar Darlynn , Mayer Candace , Glickenstein David , Billings Joel
Published: May 2022

Introduction

ERS telecommunicators are the first of the first responders challenged with solving complex, time-sensitive problems while managing workplace presence. Very little is known about sleep, work, and lifestyle factors among workers in this industry. One study demonstrated that 85% of ERS telecommunicators are overweight, suggesting that job-related factors may place these workers at risk for sedentary lifestyles. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether 14 day total work duration moderated the daily relationship between prior-night total sleep time and next day energy expenditure.

Methods

Over the course of 14 days (M = 6.9 days on-shift; SD = 1.9 days), 47 ERS telecommunicators were instructed to (a) wear actigraphs on their waist to gather estimates of average energy expenditure (EE, kcal/hour), (b) wear actigraphs on their wrist to gather estimates of total sleep time (min), and (c) complete daily shift logs to gather information about work duration (hours). Mixed linear modeling was employed to examine whether prior night within-subject total sleep time (TST) predicted next day energy expenditure, as moderated by between-subject work hours (n = 525 cases).

Results

A significant cross-level Work Duration x TST interaction (Estimate = .007, SE = .002, p < .001, 95% CI [.003, .011]) indicated that less prior-night TST was associated with less next-day EE among telecommunicators who worked more hours over the last 14 days. Conversely, telecommunicators who worked fewer hours expended more energy per hour the next day when they slept less than usual. Simple effects indicated that for each extra 102 minutes sleep (+1 SD), telecommunicators expended 5 kcal/hr (90 kcal over 18 hours awake). These results remained stable when controlling for between-subject differences in sleep and within-subject changes in work duration, night-shift work, and other relevant covariates.

Conclusion

The effect of total sleep time on next-day EE is unique to each telecommunicator’s typical sleep levels and the total hours worked over the course of two weeks. These two risk factors operate on EE as a function of one another. Findings provide support for the implementation of policy-level intervention to minimize chronic overwork and individual-level intervention to support sleep prioritization.

Support (If Any)

UA Canyon Ranch Center for Health Promotion and Treatment
0153 Bright light exposition potentiates the vasodilation promoted by dynamic handgrip exercise
Authors: Rosa-Silva Julia , Thosar Saurabh , Azevêdo Luan , Forjaz Claudia , Brito Leandro
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Bright light (~5000 lux) directed at human skin increases plasma nitric oxide concentration promoting vasodilation, with increased skeletal muscle blood flow (BF) and decreased blood pressure (BP). The same stimulus directed at the eyes increases sympathetic activity, promoting vasoconstriction and increased BP. If bright light potentiates or mitigates the vasodilation promoted during exercise is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of different intensities of lights on vasodilation of the active skeletal muscle during dynamic handgrip exercise.

Methods

Eleven healthy and physically inactive adult men (29±6 years) participated of the current study. All experiments were conducted between June and July 2021, beginning at 5 PM and under constant environmental conditions. Subjects performed dynamic handgrip exercise using the dominant arm at a 90º angle in the supine position with 2 s cycles of contraction and relaxation for 6 min at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction during the three experimental condition in a randomized order: (BL) 5000 lux, Control light (CL) 500 lux, and Dim light (DL) ≤8 lux. In each condition, (BL, CL or DL), subjects remained in a rested state for 20 min before 1 min of baseline assessment followed by exercise. Conditions were always separated by 20 min of washout (under CL). Assessments comprised BF, vascular conductance (VC), and diameter of brachial artery of exercising arm (Ultrasound); BP measured in the rest arm (Photoplethysmography) and heart rate (ECG). Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures, p≤0.05.

Results

Baseline were not different (p>0.05). During exercise, BF and VC increased in the three conditions, however it was potentiated by BL (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) compared with CL (+19% and +15%, respectively) and with DL (+12% and +11%, respectively). Arterial diameter increased similarly in the three conditions. Mean BP increased in the three conditions, however it was attenuated in the BL compared with DL (-23%) and similar to CL (<0.0001).

Conclusion

Bright light can potentiate skeletal muscle vasodilation during a small-mass muscle exercise attenuating the increase of BP.

Support (If Any)

The São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP 2020/11588-2.
0155 Agreement between survey and actigraphy-assessed sleep timing among adolescents in the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study
Authors: Shams-White Marissa , O'Connor Sydney , Bai Jiawei , Dooley Erin , Bowles Heather , Oh April , Saint-Maurice Pedro
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Epidemiologists often deploy questionnaires or wearable monitors to quantify sleep. The extent to which self-report and device-derived sleep measures agree among adolescents are not well known. This study describes the agreement between survey and actigraphy-assessed sleep timing among adolescents in the 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study.

Methods

FLASHE survey and motion substudy participants provided data for analyses. FLASHE participants (12–17y) completed a survey that captured self-reported usual sleep and wake times on weekdays and weekends. A subset of participants also wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on the wrist for 24-hours for seven days and completed a daily log for time in/out of bed. Actigraphy-assessed sleep periods were estimated using the Sadeh algorithm. Total sleep time (TST) and sleep midpoint for weekday and weekend, social jetlag, and chronotype were computed for survey and actigraphy and means and standard deviations were examined. Paired t-tests were used to test mean differences between measures overall and stratified by sex and school level (middle vs. high school).

Results

The analytic sample included 372 U.S. adolescents: 49% were female, 53% were high schoolers, 28% had overweight/obesity, and 62% identified as non-Hispanic White. Compared to actigraphy, surveys overestimated TST by an average of 2.6h on weekdays (8.7h [SD:1.4h] vs. 6.1h [SD:1.5h], p<0.001) and 3.1h on weekends (9.5h [SD:1.5h] vs. 6.4h [SD:1.8h], p<0.001), and resulted in earlier weekday sleep midpoints (02:49 [SD:1h:24 min] vs. 03:40 [SD:1h, 42 min], p<0.001); differences were not significant for weekend midpoints. Survey estimates were larger than actigraphy for social jetlag (1.7h [SD:1.2] vs. 0.9h [SD:1.3], p<0.001) and resulted in an earlier chronotype (04:16 [SD:1h, 38min] vs. 04:30 [SD:1hr, 43 min], p=0.004). Findings remained consistent when stratified by sex and school level except for chronotype: estimates were not significantly different among females or high schoolers.

Conclusion

The large discrepancies between survey and actigraphy-based sleep timing highlight the importance of understanding what type of data each assessment method is capturing in adolescents (self-report vs. objective measures; average vs. daily sleep). Differences between self-report and device-derived sleep data should be considered during study development and when comparing results across studies.

Support (If Any)
0157 Sleep Icebreakers and Behavioral Change: If You Could Tell People Only One Thing About Sleep, What Should It Be?
Authors: Barley Blake , Walter Charles , Orselli Paul , Scullin Michael
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Insufficient sleep is widespread in the general population, but education and outreach can combat this problem. Informal learning settings, like museums, provide unique opportunities for educating a local community. However, in such settings, engagement with the content relies on the topic’s ability to immediately incite interest. Therefore, we developed and tested a series of sleep “icebreakers” (brief, informal facts) to determine their effectiveness in eliciting interest in sleep science and encouraging behavioral change.

Methods

Five hundred and twenty-one participants were recruited via the local museum (n=103) and Amazon Mechanical Turk (n=418). Participants viewed eight sleep icebreakers (randomly-selected from a bank of 16 icebreakers) and rated whether they knew it already, if they found it interesting, and if it made them want to learn more. Participants also completed questionnaires on demographics, sleep health/attitudes, and future intended sleep behaviors.

Results

Both the museum member and general population samples showed substantial interest in sleep science, regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, neighborhood disadvantage, prior sleep knowledge, and prior sleep health/attitudes. The most effective icebreakers related to REM sleep behavior disorder, sleep in Alzheimer’s disease, unihemispheric sleep, dreaming, and sleep state misperception. Importantly, the more the icebreakers interested participants, the more likely they were to formulate a specific plan to change their sleep behaviors (OR: 1.55, p = .001), express willingness to post to social media platforms (OR: 1.46, p < .01), and indicate willingness to donate to an exhibit on sleep (OR: 2.51, p < .001), even after controlling for psychosocial, sleep health/attitudes, and demographic measures.

Conclusion

If you could only tell someone one thing about sleep, there are a lot of good options. This interest in sleep science was enjoyed by individuals regardless of psychosocial, educational, and demographic backgrounds, and the icebreakers encouraged half of participants to form an intention to change their sleep behaviors. Coupling icebreakers with opportunities for personalized learning, and providing structure to formulate specific plans to change sleep behaviors, are promising directions for sleep health outreach efforts.

Support (If Any)

National Science Foundation (1920730 and 1943323)
0163 The Differential Relationship Between Berthing Habitability, Job Stress, and Workload on Self-Reported Sleep Deficiency in a Representative Sample of Sailors Attached to U.S. Navy Warships
Authors: Kubala Andrew , Jameson Jason , Markwald Rachel , Lai Kevin , Roma Peter , Russell Dale
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Berthing habitability factors (e.g., noise, temperature, lighting) and workload are known to negatively impact sleep for Sailors serving onboard United States (U.S.) Navy warships. However, it is unknown what factors have the strongest relationship with sleep outcomes. Using data from a representative sample of warships, the relationships between berthing habitability, job stress, and workload on sleep were explored.

Methods

Participants (N = 3,313; 84% ≤ 35 yrs, 55% white) from 33 warships voluntarily completed an online survey. Using structural equation modeling, latent factors of workload, job stress, and berthing habitability were modeled to test relationships with self-reported sleep deficiency. Sleep deficiency was calculated by dividing the sleep obtained on their ship (“How many hours of sleep (to include naps) per day do you get when sleeping onboard your current ship?”) by their required sleep amount (“How many hours of sleep do you require to feel well-rested?”). Job stress was modeled with three scores from questions related to job stress (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree). Habitability was modeled by the degree in which environmental factors disturbed sleep (1=not at all, 5=extremely). Workload was modeled by the hours completed performing job-related tasks (e.g., work center, watch team, training, meetings).

Results

On average, participants reported shorter sleep durations on their ship than they require (Ship: 5.2±1.4 hrs; Required: 7.0±1.3 hrs, mean±SD). Overall, habitability, job stress, and workload were negatively related to sleep deficiency (standardized βs=-0.16 to -0.26, ps < 0.001, CFI/TLI > 0.90, RMSEA=0.056). Among all latent constructs, larger coefficients were found for the direct path from workload to sleep deficiency than those from habitability (β1=-0.16 vs β2=-0.12). Additionally, watch team duties loaded most heavily onto the construct of workload, suggesting that it contributed most to the relationship of workload with sleep deficiency.

Conclusion

These results confirm that workload and berthing habitability are related to sleep deficiency in Sailors while serving onboard U.S. Navy Ships. Additionally, greater workload may have a stronger relationship with sleep deficiency than other factors such as habitability. Future research should utilize objective measures of sleep and workload to better estimate their relationships with sleep.

Support (If Any)

Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) under work unit no. N2010.
0169 Using serial awakenings to explore the spectral signature of sleep state misperception
Authors: Riedner Brady , Rumble Meredith , Dickson Daniel , Anna Castelnovo , Synder Ted , Jones Stephanie , Benca Ruth
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Sleep state misperception, or paradoxical insomnia, is a condition whereby an individual reports being awake even though polysomnographic evidence confirms they were asleep. Normally, an indication of sleep state misperception is determined by asking a patient to estimate the amount of wakefulness experienced after a full night of laboratory-monitored sleep. While clinically useful, this crude, post-hoc assessment does little to inform the neurobiological underpinnings of sleep state misperception. Here we used serial awakenings to exploit instances where a direct confirmation of sleep was followed by a subjective report of wakefulness.

Methods

256 channel EEG with EMG, EOG and ECG was recorded in 19 primary insomnia (PI) subjects and 19 age- and sex-matched good sleeping controls (GSC) after a baseline sleep night ruled out comorbid disorders. After periods of stable sleep, participants were probed every 30 seconds with increasing intensity tones until a full awakening was achieved. Subjects were then asked to report whether they were awake or asleep before hearing the sound before going back to sleep. EEG data prior to the awakening was examined using multi-taper spectral analysis.

Results

Out of 464 serial awakenings (average 12 per subject, range 4-16), roughly 10% resulted in subjective wake reports during sleep (35 in NREM, 11 in REM; 24 in PI, 22 in GSC). Many of these occurrences included obvious arousals or other signs of wakefulness prior to the awakening tone. Altogether, 8 clean wake reports (4 in PI), occurred during stage N2 or N3 that could be matched with similarly clean data when the same subject reporting being asleep. Interestingly, spectral analysis of the 10 seconds prior to the awakening revealed significantly more alpha activity (9.1-11.3Hz paired t-test, p < .05) but no significant difference in slow wave activity. The alpha increase was localized to a mid-central region, similar to the alpha difference seen previously during deep sleep between PI and GSC groups, but also extended frontally.

Conclusion

Sleep state misperception may result from a localized increase in alpha activity while sleep persists. Serial awakenings are a useful tool for examining this paradoxical state.

Support (If Any)

Funded by the MERCK Sharp and Dohme Corporation.
0171 Parabrachial-CGRP neurons regulate awakenings to pain stimulus
Authors: Lynch Nicole , Thomas Renner , Saper Clifford , Kaur Satvinder
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The external lateral part of the PB (PBel), receives spinal afferents carrying pain-signals, which are then relayed to other brainstem and forebrain arousal areas. Many PBel neurons that express calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP; PBelCGRP] also receive spinal afferents carrying pain signals. Selective activation of PBelCGRP neurons, in CGRP-CreER mice, cause short latency cortical arousal, while inhibition of these neurons prevents waking to hypercapnia. Also, blocking CGRP receptors has a potential to reverse opiate tolerance in rodents, however, mechanism of action or the circuitry remains unknown.

Methods

To test if PBelCGRP is the critical relay node transmitting pain to induce cortical arousals, we conducted either genetic deletion or acute optogenetic inhibition of this node, in both inflammatory pain and opto-pain models. All mice were implanted for recording sleep.Inflammatory-pain model: CGRP-creER mice were bilaterally injected with AAV-Flex-DTA (n=10) to delete CGRP neurons in PBel or AAV-GFP (n=6; control). Both groups received a foot injection of either 5% formalin or saline (10 µl) and were recorded for the sleep.Opto-pain model: CGRP-ChR2 mice were injected in the PB with AAV-Flex-JAWS (n=5) and implanted with bilateral optical fibers directed to the PB, and miniature probes in the foot pad to facilitate stimulation of the nociceptors. We recorded sleep while stimulating nociceptors every 5 min with or without opto-inhibition of PBelCGRP.

Results

In mice with intact CGRP neurons, foot stimulation with formalin produced 100% wakefulness for the first three hours, while with deletion of PBCGRP neurons, pain induced sleep loss could be attenuated in both males (by 83%) and females(by 60%). This recovery of NREM sleep significantly correlated with loss of PBelCGRP. In the opto-pain model, opto-stimulation of nociceptors at 10Hz for 5 sec woke up mice in 100% of the trials with a short latency of 4.4 ± 0.78 sec, while opto-inhibition of PBelCGRP that expressed JAWS, by red laser that preceded the nociceptive stimulus by 20s, prevented stimulus-induced awakenings.

Conclusion

This suggests that PBelCGRP is the main relay node for awakening to pain. We are now investigating the terminal fields of the PBelCGRP neurons to assess which of them contribute to pain induced arousal.

Support (If Any)

NS112175
0176 Comparing Sleep and Homeostatic Sleep Drive Between Retired Night Shift Workers and Retired Day Workers
Authors: Lehrer H Matthew , Tracy Eunjin Lee , Chin Brian , Kimutis Sarah , Krafty Robert , Hall Martica , Buysse Daniel
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Retired night shift workers report poorer sleep quality compared to retired day workers, even after returning to a nocturnal sleep schedule, suggesting a potential “scarring” of night shift work on sleep. History of sleep deprivation and sleep at an unfavorable circadian phase may compromise sleep and homeostatic sleep regulation, potentially contributing to poor sleep quality in retired night shift workers. This study compared sleep efficiency and homeostatic sleep regulation in response to sleep deprivation (delta EEG power during NREM sleep, theta EEG power during wakefulness) between retired night shift workers and retired day workers.

Methods

Participants (N = 75, mean age: 68.3 +/-5.5 years, 51% females, 87% non-Hispanic White) were 35 retired night shift workers and 40 age-, sex-, and race-equated retired day workers. Participants completed a 60-hour laboratory study including one baseline night of sleep, followed by 36 hours of sleep deprivation, followed by one recovery night of sleep. Sleep efficiency and NREM delta EEG power were measured by polysomnography on both nights, and waking theta EEG power was measured every other hour during the 36-hour sleep deprivation period. We analyzed the effects of group (retired night shift workers vs. retired day workers), time (baseline vs. recovery night for sleep efficiency and delta EEG power, hour for theta EEG power), and their interaction on each outcome using linear mixed models.

Results

Groups did not differ in sleep efficiency averaged across nights (F=1.48, p>0.05) or from baseline to recovery nights (F=0.05, p>0.05). Delta EEG responses to sleep deprivation did not differ by group (F=0.33, p>0.05). Compared to retired day workers, retired night shift workers showed greater overall waking EEG theta power during sleep deprivation (F=13.20, p<0.001). The group by time interaction was not significant (F=0.36, p>0.05), suggesting that group differences in theta EEG power were not due to increased sleep deprivation.

Conclusion

Sleep efficiency and homeostatic sleep regulation appeared to be preserved in retired night shift workers. Theta EEG power findings suggested greater sleep propensity during wakefulness in retired night shift workers. Interventions to improve sleep quality in retired night shift workers may leverage intact homeostatic sleep regulation mechanisms.

Support (If Any)

R01AG047139, T32HL082610, T32HL07560, T32MH019986
0178 Examining Rates and Change in Insomnia Severity among Veterans Enrolled in an Outpatient Exercise Program
Authors: Boyle Julia , Bamonti Patricia , Harris Rebekah , Moye Jennifer , Bean Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Exercise moderately improves middle insomnia and sleep quality in older adults. GeroFit is a national structured exercise program for Veterans over age 60 that offers 14 virtual classes per month. Each 60-minute class has a combination of cardiovascular, resistance, flexibility, and balance training and is modified to accommodate the range of functional abilities. The purpose of this analysis was to characterize insomnia symptoms (using the Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]) among GeroFit participants across different time points and examine the impact of attendance on change in insomnia symptoms over time.

Methods

Veterans in the VA Boston GeroFit program (n=69; 60-93years; Meanage=74.3±8.3; 80.6%male; 80.6%White) were administered the ISI at baseline (n=32), 3-months (n=38), 6-months (n=23), and 12-months (n=21) after enrollment. Participants were categorized by ISI scores: no clinically significant insomnia (ISI=0-7), subthreshold insomnia (ISI=8-14), moderate clinical insomnia (ISI=15-21), and severe clinical insomnia (ISI=22-28). A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to assess for ISI score change over time by attendance rate.

Results

Veterans attended 64% of the 14 classes per month and exhibited a range of functional ability (Physical Function Subscale [SF-36] scores ranged from 11-29 at baseline). The rates of subthreshold and moderate insomnia were: baseline (15.6%;6.3%), 3-months (26.3%;13.2%), 6-months (30.4%;8.7%), and 12-months (38.1%;9.5%), respectively. Overall, ISI scores remained consistent over time as there were no significant score changes over the first 6 months (p=.121); however, participants with <50% attendance demonstrated a significant increase in ISI scores from baseline to 3months (p=.002).

Conclusion

Of Veterans participating in the VA Boston GeroFit program, about 1 in 10 reported moderate insomnia and 1 in 4 had subthreshold insomnia. Increasing attendance rates is important for improving sleep quality and more research is needed to clarify the “dose” of exercise required to reap meaningful gains in insomnia symptoms, particularly among Veterans with more severe symptoms. Given that 1/3 of participants reported at least subthreshold insomnia, future studies are needed to better understand whether supplemental interventions (e.g., sleep psychoeducation, stimulus control) might be offered to GeroFit participants with clinically significant insomnia symptoms, to dually target sleep and physical functioning.

Support (If Any)
0186 Post-Birth Feeding Experiences are Associated with Actigraphy-Assessed Sleep Patterns among Newborns
Authors: Petrov Megan , Jiao Nana , Whisner Corrie
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Exclusively breastfed (EBF) newborns wake more often at night than partially breastfed, or exclusively formula fed (EFF) newborns. Contextual factors during the first weeks of life related to these associations are understudied. We examined relationships among post-birth experiences, objectively-estimated sleep-wake patterns, and feeding practices through three weeks post-delivery.

Methods

English or Spanish speaking mothers (n=20) and their full-term (≥37wk), singleton infants were recruited from Phoenix, Arizona. Mothers were 32.7±5.1y, 30.0% identified as Hispanic, 20.0% with < high school degree, and 15.0% were enrolled in the federal Women, Infants, and Children program. Infants were born normal weight (2500-4000g) and without major complications. At three weeks post-delivery, infants wore a Micro Motionlogger (Ambulatory Monitoring Inc.) on their left ankle for five 24hr periods at three weeks of age. Mothers completed an accompanying sleep diary and an adapted Infant Feeding Practices Study-II questionnaire. Pearson correlations and t-tests examined relationships between nocturnal sleep-wake patterns and feeding practices at birth and 3-weeks post-delivery.

Results

At birth, all mothers attempted breastfeeding, 40.0% of infants received formula, and mean time for milk to come in was 2.7 days (range: 1-4). At three weeks, one mother was EFF, 55.5% (n=11) were EBF, and 40.0% (n=8) were mixed feeding. Infant sleep-wake patterns included midpoint of 2:40±1:01, long wake episode (≥5min) frequency of 5.8±2.3, longest sleep bout duration of 127.2±34.9min, WASO of 124.1±54.3min, and TST of 434.7±79.7min. Breastmilk feeding frequency was positively related to long wake episode frequency (r=.49, p=0.03) and WASO (r=.47, p=0.04), and negatively related to longest sleep bout (r=-.59, p=0.006). Formula feeding frequency was positively related to longest sleep bout (r=.58, p=0.007). Greater time for milk to come in was positively related to long wake episode frequency (r=.53, p=0.02) and WASO (r=.56, p=0.01), and negatively related to longest sleep bout (r=-.47, p=0.04). Receiving formula in the hospital was associated with later sleep midpoint (t[18]=3.2, p=0.005), regardless of current formula feeding.

Conclusion

Feeding experiences and ability to breastfeed during the first few days of life may play a role in the quality and patterning of actigraphy-estimated sleep among newborns. Future research should investigate whether these associations persist into later infancy.

Support (If Any)

National Institutes of Health / National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute R01 HL147931
0190 Association of Sleep Spindle Activity with Cognition in Youth from the General Population
Authors: Ricci Anna , He Fan , Calhoun Susan , Fang Jidong , Vgontzas Alexandros , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward , Younes Magdy , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Sleep spindle activity has been increasingly studied as an underlying mechanism of cognition. In youth, it appears the relationship between spindle activity and cognition depends upon the spindle metric and cognitive domain examined. Prior research has been conducted primarily in highly selective experimental studies of typically developing youth. We aimed to clarify the relationship between spindle activity and lower and higher order cognitive functions in children and adolescents from the general population.

Methods

We studied 639 children aged 5-12y (median 9y) and 418 adolescents aged 12-23y (median 16y) from a population-based cohort. All subjects underwent a 9-hour, in-lab polysomnography. We calculated sleep spindle density (SSD), the total number of spindles per minute of stage 2 of non-rapid eye movement sleep, and peak spindle frequency (PSF) in the 10-16 Hz range at central, frontal and fronto-occipital derivations. Wechsler intelligence testing assessed verbal and non-verbal intelligence quotients (IQ), processing speed (coding) and working memory (digit span backward [DSB]). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models with age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, apnea/hypopnea index, and insomnia symptoms as covariates examined the association between SSD and PSF with cognitive outcomes.

Results

At ages 5-12, central SSD was positively associated with verbal IQ (p=0.04), non-verbal IQ (p=0.03), coding (p=0.01) and DSB (p<0.01); additionally, frontal SSD was positively associated with coding and DSB (both p<0.01) and fronto-occipital SSD with DSB (p<0.01). Also, central (p<0.01) and frontal (p=0.01) PSF was positively associated with DSB. At ages 12-23, fronto-occipital SSD was positively associated with non-verbal IQ (p=0.02), while no other statistically significant associations were observed for SSD or PSF with cognitive outcomes (all p≥0.08).

Conclusion

Spindle density is a strong correlate of general ability (both verbal and non-verbal IQ) in childhood, and it remains for non-verbal IQ in adolescence. Both increased spindle density and peak frequency are associated with better working memory in childhood, yet not in adolescence. These developmental differences may be due to cortical (e.g., synaptic pruning) and thalamocortical (e.g., increased myelination) maturational changes occurring during adolescence.

Support (If Any)

National Institutes of Health (R01MH118308, UL1TR000127)
0191 Characteristics of sleep spindles across development in males with Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy Disorder
Authors: Simon Katharine , Nakra Neal , Mednick Sara , Malerba Paola , Nagel Marni
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Sleep supports cognition, in particular, the consolidation of memories. Sleeping brain rhythms, such as slow oscillations (1hz) and spindles (9-15 Hz), play a key role in facilitating this consolidation. Our prior research reported age-associated declines in slow oscillations in Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (DMD/BMD) (Simon et al., 2020). Here, we characterize age-associated changes in sleep spindle characteristics across development in this group.

Methods

Following our 2020 analysis, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical sleep studies of 28 DMD/BMD males (Age span: 4 to 20 years). We applied our spindle detection algorithm to six electrodes (F3, F4, C3, C4, 01, O2). We assessed spindle density, frequency, and amplitude based on age (child, early adolescent, and late adolescent).

Results

We conducted rmANOVAs to evaluate each spindle characteristics using within-factors (Stage and Electrode) and between-factor (Age). We found significantly more spindles with longer durations in N2 than N3; greater spindle density at frontal compared to occipital regions; and higher amplitudes at central compared to frontal sites. We found no age-associated changes in these spindle metrics. We did find an age-associated change in the frequency of spindles, with significantly greater average spindle amplitude increasing significantly with age.

Conclusion

In line with prior research, we found more spindles in N2 than N3 and greater spindle density at frontal compared to posterior electrodes. In contrast to our previous research demonstrating age-associated declines in slow oscillations, our current analyses show minimal age-associated changes in spindle characteristics from 4 to 20 years. Further analysis is required to assess for age-associated changes in spindle-slow oscillation coupling occur across development. Our findings have implications for functional changes in sleep-dependent cognition mechanisms across development in BMD/DMD.

Support (If Any)
0195 Integrated actigraphy-based biomarker for the risk of Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Yang Hui-Wen , Li Peng , Sun Haoqi , Maher Matthew , Lane Jacqueline , Lim Andrew , Bennett David , Yu Lei , Saxena Richa , Buchman Aron , Hu Kun
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Many physiological measures derived from actigraphy including physical activity, sleep, circadian/daily rhythm, and temporal correlations have been shown to predict Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). This study aimed to combine these actigraphy-based measures to develop an integrated actigraphy biomarker (IAB) for AD and to test its link to the genetic risk for AD.

Methods

We analyzed data of 1107 participants (age 80.9±7.3(mean±SD)) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project who were non-demented and had actigraphy (~10 days) at baseline, and had annual cognitive assessment during the follow-up (1-15 years). 270 developed AD (mean = 7.4 years). To construct the IAB for the AD’s risk, we trained a random forest survival model, in which time to incident AD was the outcome, and inputs included 10 features derived from actigraphy data: physical activity level, 3 features for sleep (sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, activity fragmentation), 4 features for circadian rhythmicity (amplitude, acrophase, interdaily stability, and intradaily variability of 24-hr rhythms), and 2 features for temporal correlations (at timescales between 1-90 min and 120-480 min). Polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated using 457 independent SNPs strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (p<0.001). Cox proportional hazard ratio models were performed with different combinations of IAB, PRS, age, sex, and education, and the concordance score (C-score) was used to evaluate model performance.

Results

The derived IAB was 0.6 SD larger in the AD group as compared with the controls. The IAB alone achieved a C-score = 0.61 in predicting AD, with a hazard ratio=1.5 for 1-SD increase in IAB. The IAB and PRS were not correlated (r2=0.0004, p=0.25), and both significantly contributed to the prediction (both p<=0.0001) when included in one model, giving a C-score of 0.65. C-score was 0.7 in the model using only age, sex and educations yielded, and increased to 0.74 after including IAB and PRS (both effects remained significant p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The integrated actigraphy biomarker may provide complementary information for early prediction and detection of AD, independent of the known demographic and genetic risk factors.

Support (If Any)

NIH (RF1AG064312, RF1AG059867, R01AG56352, R01AG17917, T32GM007592, and R03AG067985); The BrightFocus Foundation (A2020886S).
0196 Retinal responsivity is associated with circadian phase and circadian alignment but not sleep timing
Authors: Wescott Delainey , Klevens Alison , Hasler Brant , Franzenn Peter , Roecklein Kathryn
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Light entrains the central circadian clock, with projections from the retina to the SCN through melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Altered responsivity to light reflects ipRGC functioning and may be a physiological vulnerability for disrupted photoentrainment. Understanding how retinal responsivity relates to sleep and circadian timing may inform who might most benefit from sleep and circadian interventions.

Methods

64 participants (85 observations) ages 20-66 years old were recruited during winter (n=35) and summer months (n=50), and included individuals with seasonal depression (n=33) and nonseasonal, never depressed controls (n=31). The post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) to red and blue light was used to measure the responsivity of ipRGCs (average 1:30pm; 10am-7pm). Circadian phase was assessed using Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO), collected every 30-minutes on Friday evenings. Midsleep timing was measured using actigraphy (average number nights=4), and circadian alignment was calculated as the DLMO-midsleep phase angle. We performed a multilevel regression to determine the relationship between PIPR and markers of sleep and circadian timing, accounting for repeated seasonal assessments with a random intercept of participant. Covariates included age, gender, diagnostic group, and circadian time of PIPR assessments. We ran sensitivity analyses including photoperiod length on the day of PIPR assessment to account for potential light exposure on the PIPR.

Results

Greater retinal responsivity was associated with later DLMO (b=4.45; partially standardized b=0.28; SE=1.84; p=0.03), and shorter DLMO-midsleep phase angle (b= -7.33; partially standardized b= -0.32; SE=2.51; p=0.004), but not midsleep (b= -3.44; partially standardized b= -0.14; SE=2.35; p>0.05). Individuals with later DLMO had PIPR assessments at earlier circadian times (b= -0.12; SE=0.04; p=0.01). Older participants (b= -0.04; SE=0.02; p=0.04) and controls (b= -0.95; SE=0.44; p=0.04) had earlier sleep midpoints, but covariates were not associated with circadian markers. The association between circadian timing and PIPR became nonsignificant (b=4.15; partially standardized b=0.26; SE=1.88; p=0.06) when including photoperiod.

Conclusion

Retinal responsivity was associated with circadian but not behavioral sleep timing, suggesting ipRGC functioning may have downstream effects on circadian entrainment. Assessing circadian variation of retinal responsivity remains a crucial next step prior to testing whether retinal responsivity impacts response to circadian-focused interventions.

Support (If Any)

NIMH K.A.R.MH103303