bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of the tree-ring chronologies in assessing ecological requirements of Metasequoia glyptostroboides growing in southern Poland
Authors: Wilczyński Sławomir , Muter Elżbieta , Wertz Bogdan
Published: January 2014

Metasequoia glyptostroboides is considered to be a species highly resistant to harmful environmental factors. For this reason it has been introduced to the cities. The climate of Krakow differs from that in its natural range in China. The research was focused on 40-year-old trees, planted in Kraków on fertile alluvial soils with a low level of ground water, in the vicinity of the steelworks. During the period of the highest level of air pollution in the 1970s and 1980s, the radial increment of investigated trees showed an increasing trend. At the end of the 1980s, when the emissions were reduced, a decreasing trend in radial growth was recorded. Throughout the entire period of their life the investi-gated trees have shown high homogeneity of short-term growth reactions. The sensitivity chronology of the trees was characterized by a high representativeness and a strong high-frequency signal. This may indicate that the investigated trees have shown a large sensitivity to climatic factors.

The positive effect on the radial growth of Metasequoia had a cold September in the previous year, and also a cold January, April and May in the year of ring formation. Positive impact on the growth of trees had also the high precipitation occurring in April and August, as well as high air humidity in the spring of the year of ring formation. In the period 1974–2011 fifteen signature years were found. The analysis of the climatic conditions in these years confirms the results of the statistical analyses.
Investigation of lime mortars and plasters from archaeological excavations in Hippos (Israel) using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Kabacińska Zuzanna , Krzyminiewski Ryszard , Michalska Danuta , Dobosz Bernadeta
Published: January 2014

This study presents the preliminary results of investigation of the lime mortars and plasters from archaeological excavations in Hippos (Israel), using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The research was conducted in order to characterize the building material and its reaction to ionizing radiation. The ancient settlement Hippos, situated on the east shore of the Sea of Galilee, functioned from the 3rd cent. BC until it was destroyed by the earthquake in 749 AD. Lime mortars and plasters show carbonate and locally gypsum character of binder and different kind of aggregate. Samples were γ-irradiated and measured using X-band EPR spectrometer. Computer Resolution Enhancement Method was applied to the complex spectra. Some of the γ-induced EPR signals were attributed to CO2
− and CO3
3− paramagnetic centres. Exponential growth of the dose response curve above 1 kGy and saturation for doses above 20 kGy was observed. For doses lower than 1 kGy the dose response curve has a linear character. The presence of γ-sensitive carbonate paramagnetic centres could indicate that, after further studies, well-chosen samples of mortars and plasters might be suitable for EPR dating, assuming the centres have been sufficiently bleached during the manufacturing process.
Sound absorption property of nonwoven based composites
Authors: Gliścińska Eulalia , Michalak Marina , Krucińska Izabella
Published: January 2014

Sound absorbing materials used to provide optimal conditions in rooms can be applied in the form of textiles with
a special structure such as nonwovens or fibre-containing composites. Nonwovens can be successfully used to
make thermoplastic composites by thermal pressing. This paper presents the comparison of the sound absorbing
properties of needled nonwovens and composites made from them. Composites with various densities can be made
of nonwovens with various percentage contents of filling and matrix fibres. The sound absorption by composites
with similar thickness, about several millimetres, is slightly lower than that by the laminar nonwoven packs used for
their making. The optimal content of the filling fibres in the composite, when its sound absorption coefficient reaches
the highest values, is at the level of 10 wt.%. With the increase in the content of filling fibres the composite density
decreases. In the case of the composite with 10 wt.% of filling fibres, its density is the highest among the composites
investigated, and the increase in absorption of high-frequency sounds is the highest. Imparting a relief with a
protrusion diameter over 10 mm to the composite surface, we can increase the sound absorption of that composite.
The choice of appropriate tools for measuring intellectual capital as a determinant of success with special emphasis on the textile and clothing market
Authors: Malinowska-Olszowy Monika
Published: January 2014

The observation of the market indicates that material assets as determining the value of the company and as the
determining factors of its success are increasingly becoming less important. On the other hand, the factor, whose
share has an increasing significance in the success of the organisation, is the ability to utilise intangible resources,
meaning the intellectual capital.

The aim of the current article is to present the essence of the intellectual capital and different instruments of
estimating its level. There was also an attempt made to measure the intellectual capital with the use of one of
the available methods. The companies from textile-clothing sector quoted at the Warsaw Stock Exchange were
selected as a target group.
Assessment and evaluation of production efficiencies in textile industry through quality of work life
Authors: Venkatesh J , Aarthy C
Published: January 2014

The success of any organisation is dependent on how effectively it attracts recruits, and the manner in which it
motivates and retains its workforce. To cope up with the current situations, managements must be flexible enough
in dealing with their workforce and ensure loyalty in their employees. In order to satisfy the employees and achieve
organisational goals, the management must adopt new approaches to improve the quality of work life of employees.
This paper aims to measure the factors influencing the quality of work life and the impact of quality of work life on
employees’ performance. A sample of 150 employees from a textile industry was selected and the study reveals
that organisational culture, training and development, compensation and rewards, and job satisfaction differ from
department to department, which have great impact on the quality of work life of employees. The positive finding
in this study is that there is a healthy relationship among the subordinates and superiors which leads to effective
communication and cooperation. Thus, quality of work life of employees has a positive impact on productivity of the
employees.
Spatial-Temporal Gait Characteristics in Individuals With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Constantinou Maria , Barrett Rod , Brown Mark , Mills Peter
Published: January 2014

Study Design

Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Objective

To systematically review and critically evaluate the literature to determine how basic gait characteristics are altered in individuals with hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Background

Hip OA is a progressive musculoskeletal condition that leads to pain, stiffness, and functional limitation in activities such as walking. Understanding gait dysfunction in people with hip OA may contribute to more effective management of the disease.

Methods

Eleven electronic research databases were searched. Studies comparing basic gait parameters in individuals with hip OA to healthy controls and the affected to the contralateral limb of individuals with hip OA were included. The studies were critically appraised for methodological quality. Available data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed, with standardized effect sizes (Cohen d) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals computed for gait speed, cadence, step and stride length, stance, swing and double-stance duration, and step width.

Results

The final analysis included 30 articles. Self-selected gait speed was 26% slower in individuals with hip OA relative to controls, which was explained by shorter stride length. Consistent evidence was found for greater asymmetry in individuals with hip OA than controls, with shorter step length and stance duration in the affected compared to the contralateral limb.

Conclusion

Individuals with hip OA walk at a slower speed and exhibit greater gait asymmetry than controls. Gait speed and asymmetry can be readily assessed clinically and represent a simple way of objectively evaluating gait dysfunction and monitoring treatment progress in individuals with hip OA. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(4):291–303. Epub 22 January 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4634
Efficacy of Exercise Intervention as Determined by the McKenzie System of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rosedale Richard , Rastogi Ravi , May Stephen , Chesworth Bert M. , Filice Frank , Willis Sean , Howard James , Naudie Douglas , Robbins Shawn M.
Published: January 2014

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Objectives

To examine the efficacy of exercise intervention in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), as directed by Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) assessment, and, secondarily, to explore outcomes between MDT assessment-defined subgroups within the exercise group.

Background

Due to the high physical and economic burden of knee OA, the effectiveness of conservative interventions and determining those patients who will respond to them should be investigated.

Methods

Patients with knee OA (n = 180) were randomized to an exercise intervention group or a control group. The intervention group, in which patients classified as having knee derangements (MDT derangement) received MDT directional exercises and patients classified as nonresponders (MDT nonresponders) received evidence-based exercises, was compared to a control group that received no exercise intervention. Pain and function were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, and 3 months, using the P4 pain scale and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain and function subscales. Two-way analysis of covariance was used to examine treatment and time effects. Multiple comparisons were examined, and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.

Results

The exercise intervention group had significantly improved P4 scores (mean difference, −6; 95% CI: −8, −3), KOOS pain scores (mean difference, 9; 95% CI: 5, 13), and KOOS function scores (mean difference, 11; 95% CI: 7, 15) compared to those of the control group at 2 weeks. At 3 months, the exercise intervention group had significantly improved KOOS pain scores (mean difference, 7; 95% CI: 3, 11) and KOOS function scores (mean difference, 5; 95% CI: 1, 9) compared to controls.

Conclusion

Patients with knee OA who were prescribed exercises based on an MDT assessment had superior outcomes compared to those of wait-list controls. The MDT subgroup of knee derangement may warrant further investigation in patients with knee OA. Protocol registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01641874).

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(3):173–A6. Epub 22 January 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4791
Prognostic Factors for Successful Recovery After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Fermont Anouk J.M. , Wolterbeek Nienke , Wessel Ronald N. , Baeyens Jean-Pierre , de Bie Rob A.
Published: January 2014

Study Design

Systematic literature review.

Objectives

To perform a systematic review of the literature on prognostic factors for successful recovery after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Background

Rotator cuff lesion is a common shoulder disorder, with a prevalence ranging from 13% in people over 50 years of age to more than 50% in people over 80 years of age. Several factors can affect the extent to which a person will recover after the surgical repair of a rotator cuff tear. More knowledge about these prognostic factors may lead to a better understanding of why the recovery process is successful in some patients but not in others.

Methods

A systematic literature search from 1995 to November 2013 was performed to identify studies reporting prognostic factors for successful recovery after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Results

A total of 455 studies were initially identified, 10 of which were included in the review. For all included studies, the percentage of patients with complete tendon healing at final assessment ranged from 60% to 88%. Twelve prognostic factors, which could be divided into 4 categories, were identified as being associated with better recovery: demographic factors (younger age, male gender), clinical factors (higher bone mineral density, absence of diabetes mellitus, higher level of sports activity, greater preoperative range of motion, absence of obesity), factors related to cuff integrity (smaller sagittal size of the cuff lesion, less retraction of the cuff, less fatty infiltration, no multiple tendon involvement), and factors related to the surgical procedure (no concomitant biceps or acromioclavicular joint procedures).

Conclusion

Knowledge and understanding of prognostic factors should be used in the decision-making process concerning arthroscopic rotator cuff repair to offer better care to patients.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 2a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(3):153–163. Epub 22 January 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4832
Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises
Authors: Yin Nai-Hao , Chen Wen-shiang , Wu Ying-Tai , Shih Tiffany Tingfang , Rolf Christer , Wang Hsing-Kuo
Published: January 2014

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Objectives

To measure and compare patellar tendon stiffness and microcirculation in college tennis players and nonathletic students when performing eccentric knee extension exercises that do and do not reduce tendon stiffness.

Background

Previous studies suggest that tendon microcirculation response during exercises may vary based on the tendon's plastic properties.

Methods

The study included 3 groups of college-age male students: tennis players who performed 4 sets of either 40 (n = 12) or 80 (n = 13) repetitions of eccentric knee extension exercise and nonathletic students (n = 14) who performed 4 sets of 40 repetitions. Tendon stiffness was measured before and after exercise completion. Changes in total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation (OSat) were analyzed while performing the 4 sets. Comparisons were made within and between the groups. The level of association between tendon microcirculation and stiffness reduction was assessed.

Results

The 2 groups (player/4 × 80 and student/4 × 40) exhibiting patellar tendon stiffness reductions (P<.008) showed higher total hemoglobin and OSat levels, above the pre-exercise levels, in the fourth set compared to the first set of exercises (P<.004). The tennis players who performed 4 sets of 40 repetitions exhibited higher OSat levels in the fourth set than in the first set (P = .004) but had no reduction in tendon stiffness. Changes in OSat levels in the fourth set were correlated with patellar tendon stiffness reductions (r = -0.381, P = .02).

Conclusion

We conclude that there was increased patellar tendon microcirculation after performing knee extension eccentric exercises that resulted in a reduction in tendon stiffness. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(4):304–312. Epub 22 January 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4872
Assessment of Strength, Flexibility, and Running Mechanics in Men With Iliotibial Band Syndrome
Authors: Noehren Brian , Schmitz Anne , Hempel Ross , Westlake Carolyn , Black William
Published: January 2014

Study Design

Cross-sectional laboratory study.

Objectives

To assess differences in hip strength, iliotibial band length, and hip and knee mechanics during running between male runners with iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) and healthy controls.

Background

Flexibility, strength, and running mechanics are commonly assessed in patients with ITBS. However, these variables have not been evaluated concurrently in this population.

Methods

Thirty-four men participated (17 healthy, 17 ITBS). Hip strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer, and iliotibial band length was assessed using an inclinometer while performing the Ober test. Kinetic and 3-D kinematic data were obtained during running. Kinematic variables of interest included frontal and transverse plane hip and knee joint angles during early stance. Independent-samples t tests, as well as effect sizes, were used to assess group differences.

Results

Compared to the control group, persons with ITBS had a significantly lower Ober measurement (1.2°), weaker hip external rotators (1.2 Nm/kg), greater hip internal rotation (3.7°), and greater knee adduction (3.6°). However, only hip internal rotation and knee adduction exceeded the minimal detectable difference value.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that intervention strategies that target neuromuscular control of the hip and knee may be indicated for males with ITBS. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(3):217–222. Epub 22 January 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.4991
Measuring Health-Related Physical Fitness in Physiotherapy Practice: Reliability, Validity, and Feasibility of Clinical Field Tests and a Patient-Reported Measure
Authors: Tveter Anne Therese , Dagfinrud Hanne , Moseng Tuva , Holm Inger
Published: January 2014

Study Design

A cross-sectional study with a test-retest design.

Objectives

To assess measurement properties of the physical fitness questionnaire, the 6-minute walk test, the stair test, the hand-grip test, the 30-second sit-to-stand test, and the fingertip-to-floor test in patients with various musculoskeletal conditions (MSCs).

Background

Patients suffering from MSCs tend to be more deconditioned and less physically active than healthy people. Physiotherapists should, therefore, focus on health-related physical fitness in addition to their patients' specific MSCs to offer optimal treatment. To enable good decision making, a core set of feasible measures with acceptable measurement properties is needed.

Methods

Eighty-one patients with MSCs (57.6 ± 14.2 years of age) were recruited from outpatient physiotherapy clinics. Relative reliability was analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficient model 2,1, and absolute reliability with standard error of measurement and smallest detectable change. Construct validity was assessed with a priori hypotheses. Time spent and assistance needed to accomplish the measures were used to assess feasibility.

Results

The 6-minute walk test, the hand-grip test, and the physical fitness questionnaire showed acceptable reliability (49 m, 4 kg, and 2 points, respectively) and construct validity. The stair test showed acceptable reliability (8 seconds) but not validity. The 30-second sit-to-stand test showed acceptable validity but not reliability (4 sit-to-stands), whereas the fingertip-to-floor test showed neither acceptable reliability (9 cm) nor validity.

Conclusion

The 6-minute walk test, the hand-grip test, and the physical fitness questionnaire can be recommended as a core set of reliable and valid measures to assess health-related physical fitness in patients with various MSCs. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(3):206–216. Epub 22 January 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5042
A Review of Undergraduate Mentoring Programs
Authors: Gershenfeld Susan
Published: January 2014

This review summarizes published studies on undergraduate mentoring programs from 2008 to 2012. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, which included empirical research on formal mentoring programs with undergraduate students as mentees or mentors. Each study was assessed based on limitations identified in two earlier reviews of the mentoring literature: definition, theory, and methods. Results from this review indicate minimal progress has been made in these three areas. However, every study included the functions of mentoring, and most studies were guided by a theory or a conceptual framework. Aspects of social validity, a construct not previously examined, were assessed and found to be present in 50% of studies. Finally, information on primary mentoring program components, another dimension not previously examined, was absent in 75% of studies, making replication difficult. Future research needs to specify program components, employ rigorous research designs to guide evidence-based practice in undergraduate mentoring, and assess social validity.
Moving Forward: New Perspectives on German-Polish Relations in Contemporary Europe
Authors: Eigler Friederike
Published: January 2014

Since the end of the Cold War and the reconfiguration of the map of

Europe, scholars across the disciplines have looked anew at the geopolitical

and geocultural dimensions of East Central Europe. Although geographically

at the periphery of Eastern Europe, Germany and its changing discourses

on the East have also become a subject of this reassessment in

recent years. Within this larger context, this special issue explores the

fraught history of German-Polish border regions with a special focus on

contemporary literature and film.1 The contributions examine the representation

of border regions in recent Polish and German literature (Irene

Sywenky, Claudia Winkler), filmic accounts of historical German and Polish

legacies within contemporary European contexts (Randall Halle, Meghan

O’Dea), and the role of collective memory in contemporary German-Polish

relations (Karl Cordell). Bringing together scholars of Polish and German

literature and film, as well as political science, some of the contributions

also ponder the advantages of regional and transnational approaches to

issues that used to be discussed primarily within national parameters.
Brian Friel's Short Fiction: Place, Community, and Modernity
Authors: Russell Richard Rankin
Published: January 2014

This essay argues for the necessity of a critical reconsideration of Brian Friel's short fiction both because of its own merits and since its depiction of emplaced communities struggling with aspects of modernity anticipates such conflicts in the major plays. Although Friel does not believe that rural culture was ever pristine and unadulterated, he nonetheless hints how modernity's advent into his chosen milieu of northwestern Ireland/Northern Ireland can create problems among its inhabitants such as destruction of community. ‘The Diviner’ and ‘The Saucer of Larks’ valorize the organic epistemology practiced by inhabitants who are outsiders to a local culture but become more in tune with local rhythms and landscape — the flux of place identified by phenomenologist Edward Casey — than many of the original inhabitants. In some situations, such as those he explores in short stories such as ‘Kelly's Hall’ and ‘Among the Ruins’, he offers positive portrayals of mechanized culture's ability to unify communities when that new technology is properly controlled, while in others, such as ‘Foundry House’, ‘The Potato Gatherers’, and ‘Everything Neat and Tidy’, he shows the debilitating effects of technology.
Ernie O'Malley, William Shakespeare's Sonnets, and the Book as Closet Object
Authors: Flannery Denis
Published: January 2014

Preoccupations with secrecy, concealment, imposture, and hiding in plain view are vividly present in Ernie O'Malley's memoirs of the Irish War of Independence and the ensuing civil war, On Another Man's Wound (1936) and The Singing Flame (1978). These preoccupations are particularly manifest in O'Malley's treatment of books, which are the quintessential ‘closet objects’ in his work. This essay will consider the extent to which the book functions as a closet in O'Malley's accounts, asking what that entails for the queer readability of his own paired volumes?

It pursues this through close readings of sequences where a text with massive queer resonances in Western culture – Shakespeare's Sonnets – is read in the ruins of Dublin's Four Courts in 1922 and, later, to a wounded, convalescing O'Malley in Portobello Barracks.

What kind of work, this essay will ask, does the invocation of the Sonnets and their setting in scenarios of desperate, ruined and wounded homosocial adhesion, do in O'Malley's autobiographies? This essay hopes to participate in an inquiry into the extent to which queer drives are entrenched in, and endemic to, how Ireland has cast and reimagined the liberation and the civil war.
‘Of Neuter Gender, tho’ of Irish growth’: Charles Churchill's Fribble
Authors: Kavanagh Declan William
Published: January 2014

This essay argues that the work of a lesser-known mid-eighteenth-century satirist Charles Churchill (1731–1764) provides a rich literary source for queer historical considerations of the conflation of xenophobia with effeminophobia in colonial imaginings of Ireland. This article analyzes Churchill's verse-satire The Rosciad (1761) through a queer lens in order to reengage the complex history of queer figurations of Ireland and the Irish within the British popular imagination. In the eighth edition of The Rosciad – a popular and controversial survey of London's contemporary players – Churchill portrays the Irish actor Thady Fitzpatrick as an effeminate fribble, before championing the manly acting abilities of the English actor David Garrick. The phobic attack on Fitzpatrick in The Rosciad is a direct response to Fitzpatrick's involvement in the ‘Fitzgiggo’ riots of January 1763 at the Drury Lane and Covent-Garden theatres. While Churchill's lampooning of the actor recalls Garrick's earlier satirizing of Fitzpatrick as a fribble in The Fribbleriad (1741) and Miss in her Teens (1747), The Rosciad is unique in its explicit conflation of androgyny with ethnicity through Irish classification. The portraiture of Fitzpatrick functions, alongside interrelated axes of ethnicity, class and gender, to prohibit access to a ‘normative’ middle-class English identity, figured through the ‘manly’ theatrical sensibility of the poem's hero, Garrick. Moreover, in celebrating a ‘Truly British Age’, the poem privileges English female players, in essentialist and curiously de-eroticized terms, as ‘natural’ though flawed performers. By analyzing Churchill's phobic juxtaposition of Garrick and the female players against the Irish fribble, this article evinces how mid-century discourses of effeminacy were also instrumental in enforcing racial taxonomies.
Spectral Histories: The Queer Temporalities of Emma Donoghue's Slammerkin
Authors: Mulvany Maria
Published: January 2014

Set in mid-eighteenth century London, Emma Donoghue's first historical novel, Slammerkin reconstructs the life of a teenage girl hanged in 1764 for the murder of her mistress and, in doing so, attempts to position the girl's murderous outburst as a reaction to the psychical traumas suffered throughout the course of her short and brutal life. This essay attends to the temporal aspects of Slammerkin in order to examine how the novel offers a subtle queering of both temporal normativity and the sequential temporal logic that heteronormative culture is contingent upon. Moreover, it explores how Donoghue's ventriloquization of the central character, Mary Saunders, speaks not only to the spectralization of women in history but also to the social ghosting of those whose lives appear to be out-of-joint with normative modes of time. By reading Donoghue's reparative gesture through recent articulations of spectrality and queer temporality, I present the novel as a form of narrative crypt that provides a phantasmal space for the spectral return of those who have been abjected from history, not only as a consequence of their gender, race, and class, but also because of their inability or refusal to comply with the normative temporal rhythms of the society in which they live.
Representations of the Jew in the Modern Irish Novel since Joyce
Authors: Kennedy-Andrews Elmer
Published: January 2014

This study reads the Semitic discourse in five modern Irish novels – Francis Stuart's Black List Section H (1971), Robert MacLiam Wilson's Manfred's Pain (1992), Robert Welch's Groundwork (1997), Jennifer Johnston's This is Not a Novel (2002), and John Banville's Shroud (2002) – for what it tells us about the cultural identity of modern Ireland, and for what it reveals of the psychohistory, and even the psychopathology, of Irishness hidden in these representations. The span of five novels allows some demonstration, first, of the ambivalence, rather than overt hostility or unqualified identification, which characterises this writing; and, second, of the striking variety and heterogeneity in the representation of ‘the Jew’ in contemporary Irish writing. Such unpredictability and contradictoriness in the construction of Jewish racial difference challenges or threatens both the national discourse which seeks to exert control over the unmanageable ‘reality’ of Ireland in terms of fixity, certainty, centredness, homogeneity, and the transcendent discourse of liberal universalism. That is, these novelists, in demonstrating the impossibility of fixing the indeterminate Jew as one thing or the other, reflect a more general crisis of representation, not only for the nation (Welch, Johnston), and the individual (Wilson, Stuart), but for epistemology itself (Banville).
Modernity, Gender, and the Nation in Joseph O'Connor's Star of the Sea
Authors: Gallchoir Clíona Ó
Published: January 2014

The late 1990s and early 2000s were marked by the appearance of a number of ambitious historical novels by Irish writers, including Joseph O'Connor's Star of the Sea (2004), which enjoyed both critical and commercial success internationally as well as in Ireland. The turn towards historical fiction occurred as Ireland experienced an unprecedented economic boom accompanied by rapid social change during the period now notoriously referred to as the Celtic Tiger. The concern with Ireland's belated entry into modernity that was a hallmark of the Celtic Tiger period is reflected in Star of the Sea, in which, this essay argues, there is an attempt to construct a national subject position fully compatible with modernity. To this end, for instance, the Irish language is represented in the novel as a standardized, written language, so that the voiceless victims of the Famine, many of whom were Irish-speaking and illiterate, can be reclaimed for twenty-first-century Ireland. O'Connor is however concerned as much with authenticity as he is with modernity, and through the figure of Mary Duane the novel thus ultimately reinstates the silence and wordlessness that is a hallmark of the Famine in the Irish national imaginary.
Resistance is not Futile: It Shapes Insecticide Discovery
Authors: Hardy Margaret
Published: January 2014

Conventional chemical control compounds used for the management of insect pests have been much maligned, but still serve a critical role in protecting people and agricultural products from insect pests, as well as conserving biodiversity by eradicating invasive species. Although biological control can be an effective option for area-wide management of established pests, chemical control methods are important for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs, as well as in export treatments, eradicating recently arrived invasive species, and minimizing population explosions of vectors of human disease. Cogitated research and development programs have continued the innovation of insecticides, with a particular focus on combating insecticide resistance. Recent developments in the fields of human health, protecting the global food supply, and biosecurity will be highlighted.
Urbanity and Urbanization: An Interdisciplinary Review Combining Cultural and Physical Approaches
Authors: Schneider Christoph , Achilles Bianca , Merbitz Hendrik
Published: January 2014

This review paper focuses on research schemes regarding urbanity and urbanization, and brings together both cultural and physical approaches. First, we review the cultural and social construction of urbanity (as related to urbanization) in Germany. In the early 20th century, urbanity was mainly the result of identity derived from a historical perspective in cities. This has changed profoundly in recent decades as urbanity stems more and more from various urban lifestyles and the staging of societal experiences, as summarized in the German term, “Erlebnisgesellschaft” (thrill-seeking society). The discussion is extended by an assessment of the recent state of the art regarding physical urban research. The focus lies on different fields of research; we address topics such as biodiversity, urban climate, air pollution, and resilience, as well as their impact on urban planning and governance. In conclusion, in order to tackle recent developments and future challenges regarding social and environmental issues, an integrative approach urges novel cross- and inter-disciplinary research efforts in urban studies, including urban-rural linkages. A newly constituted assessment of urbanization and city quarter development is proposed; the assessment focuses on the conjoint analysis of mobility, “Energiewende” (energy transition), cultural drivers, demographic development, and environmental issues.
Analysis of Essential Viral Gene Functions after Highly Efficient Adenofection of Cells with Cloned Human Cytomegalovirus Genomes
Authors: Elbasani Endrit , Gabaev Ildar , Steinbrück Lars , Messerle Martin , Borst Eva
Published: January 2014

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a large 240 kb genome that may encode more than 700 gene products with many of them remaining uncharacterized. Mutagenesis of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-cloned CMV genomes has greatly facilitated the analysis of viral gene functions. However, the roles of essential proteins often remain particularly elusive because their investigation requires the cumbersome establishment of suitable complementation systems. Here, we show that HCMV genomes can be introduced into cells with unprecedented efficiency by applying a transfection protocol based on replication-defective, inactivated adenovirus particles (adenofection). Upon adenofection of several permissive cell types with HCMV genomes carrying mutations in essential genes, transfection rates of up to 60% were observed and viral proteins of all kinetic classes were found expressed. This enabled further analyses of the transfected cells by standard biochemical techniques. Remarkably, HCMV genomes lacking elements essential for viral DNA replication, such as the lytic origin of replication, still expressed several late proteins. In conclusion, adenofection allows the study of essential HCMV genes directly in BAC-transfected cells without the need for sophisticated complementation strategies.
First record of Eggplant Mealybug, Coccidohystrix insolita (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on Guam: Potentially a major pest
Authors: Moore Aubrey , Watson Gillian , Bamba Jesse
Published: January 2014

The eggplant mealybug, Coccidohystrix insolita (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is recorded from the island of Guam in the Mariana Islands for the first time. Factors indicating that this introduced mealybug has the potential to become a pest of economic importance for agriculture and horticulture on Guam are discussed.
De l'espace au cinéma
Authors: Lévy Jacques
Published: January 2014

Il existe une ambiguïté sur la réalité de la présence de l’espace au cinéma. On pourrait dire que le cinéma est, par excellence, un art spatial. En fait, on peut discuter, avec des arguments forts, cette évidence apparente. Cet article s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux films de géographie, qui cherchent à montrer l’espace habité et l’habiter de cet espace avec la visée d’augmenter l’intelligence de cette dimension du monde social. Ce texte développe son propos en deux temps. D’abord, il s’emploie à montrer le caractère extrêmement lacunaire de la présence de l’espace dans la production cinématographique comme environnement et de la spatialité comme agir, qui contribuent l’un et l’autre à géographicité. Ensuite, l’idée qu’il est possible d’ouvrir de nouvelles voies à l’association entre sciences sociales de l’espace et cinéma est avancée et précisée. Cette démarche conduit à proposer de desserrer l’emprise du cinéma populaire de fiction (et de son avatar le « documentaire ») et d’établir des liens avec des courants esthétiques de l’histoire du cinéma plus propres à entrer en résonance et avec la géographicité et avec les sciences. L’article se termine par un « manifeste » qui énonce dix principes pour un cinéma scientifique de l’espace habité.
Qu’est-ce que prendre soin aujourd’hui ?
Authors: Brugère Fabienne
Published: January 2014

Comment penser la possibilité d’un « prendre soin » avec les apports de l’éthique du care née aux États-Unis dans les années 1980 et le développement des maladies chroniques ou de longue durée ? Non seulement la dimension relationnelle du soin et un nouveau rapport entre le soin et la santé sont à amplifier. Mais, plus encore, la réflexion sur la notion de « vulnérabilité » est essentielle en ce qu’elle mène à un questionnement éthique : peut-on assumer à la fois sa propre vulnérabilité et celle des autres ? L’éthique du care apparaît alors à travers l’analyse des bonnes pratiques de care et d’institutions qui les rendent possibles dans le cadre d’une critique du néolibéralisme.
Nouvelles histoires de gendarmes et de policiers aux XIX e et XX e siècles Regards sur l'historiographie récente des forces de l'ordre
Authors: López Laurent , Luc Jean-Noël
Published: January 2014

L’abondance des titres disponibles a empêché d’étendre ce coup d’œil sur l’actualité de l’histoire de l’exercice de la police  –  policing en anglais – aux précieux apports de l’historiographie étrangère et des autres sciences humaines et sociales. Ce panorama montre néanmoins la fécondité de quelques grands chantiers, consacrés à la circulation internationale des savoirs, des dispositifs et des usages policiers, à l’émergence des systèmes policiers (en cours d’analyse dans le cadre du programme ANR SYSPOE), aux polices coloniales, un terrain de recherche particulièrement dynamique, à l’histoire sociale des hommes et des femmes qui donnent corps aux institutions policières, aux gendarmes, désormais pris en compte, ainsi qu’aux interrelations entre ces militaires originaux, chargés de fonctions policières, et les personnels des polices civiles, interrelations dont l’étude permet de commencer à construire une véritable histoire de la force publique.
Un policier français dans l'Empire. Pierre Lefuel, dernier directeur de la Sûreté voltaïque (1959-1960) et pionnier du Service de coopération technique internationale de police (SCTIP)
Authors: Tiquet Romain
Published: January 2014

La trajectoire professionnelle de Pierre Lefuel, dernier directeur de la Sûreté de Haute-Volta (actuel Burkina Faso) avant l’indépendance et pionnier de la création du service de coopération policière, apporte un éclairage original sur l’action policière de la France dans ses anciennes colonies africaines. La carrière de Pierre Lefuel se révèle intéressante à plus d’un titre, car elle met en exergue les choix tactiques de la France pour maintenir sa position de domination en matière de sûreté pendant la période coloniale et postcoloniale.
La France des Lumières et l'humanisme commercial. Bilan et perspectives historiographiques
Authors: Skornicki Arnault
Published: January 2014

La catégorie d’ humanisme commercial , forgée par J. Pocock, désigne les transformations de la langue républicaine moderne (ou humanisme civique ) sous l’effet de la montée en puissance du capitalisme marchand : en tentant de concilier la « vertu » et le « commerce », le bien public et l’intérêt particulier, il contribua à la naissance de l’économie politique. Jusqu’ici cantonné à l’aire anglophone, l’usage de cette catégorie a récemment été élargi à la France des Lumières par une série de contributions importantes, pour la plupart états-uniennes. Cet article se propose de faire le point sur ce renouvellement historiographique de l’humanisme commercial, et propose pour finir une mise en perspective des apports et limites de l’École de Cambridge en histoire intellectuelle.
Cartographie participative, cartographie indisciplinée
Authors: Palsky Gilles
Published: January 2014

Cet article propose une synthèse sur les différentes formes de cartographie participatives, qui ont émergé à partir des années 1980 dans le cadre de l’aide au développement, et se sont épanouies dans un tout autre contexte technique, avec les cartes numériques créées à l’aide d’interfaces de programmation, associées à un internet contributif, le Web 2.0. Dans un second temps, nous abordons les enjeux de ces cartographies, en montrant qu’elles matérialisent un transfert de pouvoir, mais ne sont pas exemptes de biais et de contraintes. Enfin, l’analyse porte sur le défi qu’elles représentent pour la cartographie en tant que discipline technique et académique, et leur intérêt pour une approche géographique des territoires.
Cartographie, quadrillage et ordre sédentaire
Authors: Retaillé Denis
Published: January 2014

Ce texte poursuit un objectif méthodologique : préparer le passage de la représentation d’un espace anthropologique - l’espace nomade -, à un espace méthodologique-l’espace mobile. La première étape y est décrite, en insistant sur le lien qui unit l’acte cartographique à une conception sédentaire de l’espace, la mobilité n’y étant appréciée que dans un second temps comme un changement dans un état normal stable. Au Sahara et au Sahel, suivis ici à titre d‘exemple, cette fixation par la carte n’a pas été sans produire des tensions avec l’espace des représentations comme enjeu.
L'image performée
Authors: Bonhomme Stello
Published: January 2014

L’utilisation que fit Konrad Zuse d’une pellicule cinématographique mise au rebut comme support des données informatiques pour l’un des tout premiers ordinateurs illustre le statut hybride de l’image informatique qui, outre ses propriétés esthétiques, doit savoir représenter des propriétés pratiques. Cet article souhaiterait interroger ce problème à travers l’exemple des jeux vidéo, entre prescription d’action et contemplation d’images lointaines.
Des jeux narratifs aux fictions ludiques
Authors: Ryan Marie-Laure , Rebreyend A.-L.
Published: January 2014

D’espaces de jeux abstraits, les jeux vidéo sont devenus des mondes fictionnels. Mais la question de la narration se pose pour eux de façon problématique : comment concilier le souci qu’a le créateur du jeu de garder le contrôle sur les événements qui composent la narration pour préserver l’intégrité de la structure de celle-ci, avec le souhait du joueur d’une action libre exercée sans contrainte ? Marie-Laure Ryan pose les jalons d’une poétique de la narration interactive, et donne les outils narratologiques pour les comprendre.
L'esthétique de Fumito Ueda
Authors: Jérôme David
Published: January 2014

Le jeu vidéo n’échappe pas à la règle de l’art qui est celle de l’événement en tant que création d’effets locaux, c’est pourquoi il est peut-être vain de se demander abstraitement si le jeu vidéo est un support susceptible de faire art sans examiner dans le détail telle expérience singulière proposée par tel créateur. C’est ce que nous nous proposons de faire ici en donnant quelques pistes de réflexion sur les deux œuvres principales du créateur japonais Fumito Ueda : Ico (2001) et Shadow of the Colossus (2005).
Le paradoxe de l'art conceptuel
Authors: Darsel Sandrine
Published: January 2014

On attend de l’art conceptuel qu’il possède une valeur cognitive élevée. Cela tiendrait à sa spécificité : l’œuvre d’art comme résultat est mise entre parenthèses au profit de l’action artistique entendu comme processus intellectuel. Toutefois, on peut douter du rôle cognitif qui est attribué à l’art conceptuel ou à tout le moins, reconsidérer sa teneur épistémique. L’article montre que la faiblesse cognitive de l’art conceptuel ne tient pas à un manque de contenu propositionnel mais à ses conditions logiques de réception.
L'enfant mort : un fantasme malgré lui
Authors: Yi Mi-Kyung
Published: January 2014

L’enfant mort apparaît comme la figure emblématique du travail de deuil interminable. Une sorte d’ombre hors jeu psychique, impossible à intégrer tout autant qu’à expulser, cette figure tend à accréditer l’idée de « travail du fantôme ». Or, son émergence comme fantasme narcissique dans la clinique des dépressions interroge sa potentialité animatrice restée mobilisable, comme en témoigne le « cas » du peintre Giovanni Segantini.
Haine maniaque : le difficile désinvestissement des objets œdipiens à l'adolescence
Authors: Bernateau Isée
Published: January 2014

La manie pose la question du statut de l’objet et de son destin. Alors que l’objet est au cœur du deuil et plus encore de la mélancolie, la manie fait disparaître et dédaigne l’objet, au profit de l’assomption d’un moi triomphant qui lui refuse désormais toute place et tout investissement. Faisant ressurgir la haine à l’égard de l’objet, l’état maniaque, quand il s’impose à l’adolescence, témoigne du difficile désinvestissement des objets œdipiens. À travers le cas d’une adolescente qui hait son père, les différentes significations inconscientes de cette haine sont explorées. Témoin de la fixation incestueuse à l’objet paternel, la haine prend également sens dans un lien préœdipien à l’objet maternel, qu’il ne faut perdre à aucun prix. Mais la haine est aussi dans le même temps un affect séparateur, visant à se disjoindre de l’objet pour tracer les frontières d’un moi toujours susceptible d’être envahi par l’objet. La haine maniaque, quand elle s’érige à l’adolescence, témoigne donc de la difficile introjection des objets œdipiens et de la crainte de les perdre totalement en s’en séparant.