bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitat use of co-occurring burying beetles (genusNicrophorus) in southeastern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Burke K.W. , Wettlaufer J.D. , Beresford D.V. , Martin P.R.
Published: June 2020

The coexistence of closely related species plays an important role in shaping local diversity. However, competition for shared resources can limit the ability of species to coexist. Many species avoid the costs of coexistence by diverging in habitat use, known as habitat partitioning. We examine patterns of habitat use in seven co-occurring species of burying beetles (genus Nicrophorus Fabricius, 1775), testing the hypothesis that Nicrophorus species partition resources by occupying distinct habitats. We surveyed Nicrophorus abundance and 54 habitat characteristics at 100 random sites spanning an environmentally diverse region of southeastern Ontario, Canada. We found that three species occupied distinct habitat types consistent with habitat partitioning. Specifically, Nicrophorus pustulatus Herschel, 1807, Nicrophorus hebes Kirby, 1837, and Nicrophorus marginatus Fabricius, 1801 appear to be specialists for forest canopy, wetlands, and open fields, respectively. In contrast, Nicrophorus orbicollis Say, 1825, Nicrophorus sayi Laporte, 1840, and Nicrophorus tomentosus Weber, 1801 appear to be generalists with wide breadths of habitat use. We were unable to identify the habitat associations of Nicrophorus defodiens Mannerheim, 1846. Our findings are consistent with habitat acting as an important resource axis along which some Nicrophorus species partition; however, divergence along other resource axes (e.g., temporal partitioning) also appears important for Nicrophorus coexistence.
First records raise questions: DNA barcoding of Odonata in the middle of the Mediterranean
Authors: Rewicz Tomasz , Móra Arnold , Tończyk Grzegorz , Szymczak Ada , Grabowski Michal , Calleja Eman J. , Pernecker Bálint , Csabai Zoltán
Published: June 2020

We present the results of the first-ever DNA barcoding study of odonates from the Maltese Islands. In total, 10 morphologically identified species were collected during a two-week long expedition in 2018. Eighty cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes were obtained from the collected specimens. Intra- and interspecific distances ranged from 0.00% to 2.24% and 0.48% to 17.62%, respectively. Successful species identification based on ascribing a single morphological species to a single Barcode Index Number (BIN) was achieved for eight species (80%). In the case of two species, Ischnura genei and Anax parthenope, BINs were shared with other closely related species. The taxonomic status of I. genei is questionable and the phylogenetic relationship between A. imperator/parthenope is not clear. Further studies involving a series of adult specimens collected in a wide spatial range and nuclear markers are necessary to resolve these cases. Therefore, this dataset serves as an initial DNA barcode reference library for Maltese odonates, within a larger project: Aquatic Macroinvertebrates DNA Barcode Library of Malta.
Medical Image Fusion Method Based on Coupled Neural P Systems in Nonsubsampled Shearlet Transform Domain
Authors: Li Bo , Peng Hong , Luo Xiaohui , Wang Jun , Song Xiaoxiao , Pérez-Jiménez Mario J. , Riscos-Núñez Agustín
Published: June 2020

Coupled neural P (CNP) systems are a recently developed Turing-universal, distributed and parallel computing model, combining the spiking and coupled mechanisms of neurons. This paper focuses on how to apply CNP systems to handle the fusion of multi-modality medical images and proposes a novel image fusion method. Based on two CNP systems with local topology, an image fusion framework in nonsubsampled shearlet transform (NSST) domain is designed, where the two CNP systems are used to control the fusion of low-frequency NSST coefficients. The proposed fusion method is evaluated on 20 pairs of multi-modality medical images and compared with seven previous fusion methods and two deep-learning-based fusion methods. Quantitative and qualitative experimental results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed fusion method in terms of visual quality and fusion performance.
Present status and perspective of dual-readout calorimetry for future accelerators
Authors: Antonello Massimiliano , Caccia Massimo , Santoro Romualdo , Ferrari Roberto , Gaudio Gabriella , Pezzotti Lorenzo
Published: June 2020

Dual-readout calorimetry is a calorimetric technique able to overcome the noncompensation limit by simultaneously detecting scintillation and Cherenkov light. Scintillating photons provide a signal related to the energy deposition in the calorimeter by all ionising particles while Cherenkov photons provide a signal almost exclusively related to the electromagnetic component in the hadronic shower.

Fluctuations among the electromagnetic and non-electromagnetic component of hadronic induced showers represent the major limit to reach resolutions needed in experiments at future leptonic colliders. In a dual-readout calorimeter, by looking at the two independent signals, it is possible to measure, event by event, the electromagnetic fraction and to correctly reconstruct the primary hadron energy.

Applications of the dual-readout method in fiber-sampling calorimetry have been shown to be able to provide single hadron detection with an energy resolution around [Formula: see text], electromagnetic resolution around [Formula: see text], excellent particle identification capability, resulting in one of the most promising option for future leptonic colliders.

Status-of-art of the dual-readout calorimetry, as well as, perspective in the developments toward scalable solution for [Formula: see text] detectors are presented in this paper. This includes, study on the material choice, SiPM readout of the fibers, possible segmentation of the fibers to enhance particle ID capability.
Analysis of Structural Vibrations of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blades via Hamilton’s Principle — Part 1: General Formulation
Authors: Huang Jianyou , Chang Chia-Ou , Chang Chien-Cheng
Published: June 2020

Energy harvesting by wind turbines is of great concern in many countries/areas, yet its safety is inevitably related to the structural vibration of the turbine system. In this study, we present a complete linear analysis of structural vibrations for vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) based on Euler’s beam theory by Lagrangian mechanics. The un-deformed blade is assumed to be vertically straight. There are several findings from solving the resultant equations which represent four dimensions of deformation, involving motion: lateral bending-chordwise bending-axial torsion-axial extension (BBTE)

(1) There is no deformation coupling between axial tension and axial torsion. (2) The natural frequencies of the blade are mainly determined by lateral bending, and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) denote the natural frequencies determined solely by lateral bending. (3) The centrifugal force credited to blade deformation is the primary factor that modifies the natural frequencies. (4) The Coriolis force can exist only in the coupled system, but in any case, the Coriolis force will not be generated by coupling lateral bending and axial tension. (5) The Coriolis force, when lateral bending is coupled with chord bending or axial torsion, can only slightly modify the natural frequencies. (6) In the case of fixed speed of rotation, [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is angular speed and [Formula: see text] is the distance from the rotation axis to the elastic center of the blade: given [Formula: see text]-the blade length to chord ratio, it is found that the natural frequencies [Formula: see text] of the blade are, in close approximations, inversely proportional to [Formula: see text], i.e. [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the base chord length and [Formula: see text] is the base blade length. (7) In the general case of rotating blade ([Formula: see text], we let [Formula: see text] denote the [Formula: see text]th natural frequency when [Formula: see text]. It is found that the natural frequencies [Formula: see text] are closely approximated by [Formula: see text] (8) The material damping yields the imaginary part of the modified system frequency [Formula: see text], which deteriorates the energy absorption rate of the blade. Perturbation analysis with a solvability condition is performed to determine the imaginary part of [Formula: see text]. Given the same material, [Formula: see text] is inversely proportional to [Formula: see text], i.e. [Formula: see text].
CFD Assessment and Experimental Investigation of the Liquid Separation Efficiency Enhancements in a Vertical Gravity Separator
Authors: Mahmood Raid Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Three design enhancement options for a vertical gravitational flash tank separator were proposed and investigated in this work. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) was used to assess the optimum configurations of the vertical gravitational flash tank separator. A series of experiments were performed to test the CFD proposed configurations of the enhancement design options. This paper also assessed the usefulness of CFD in flash tank design, and this is achieved through experiments and simulations on a range of relevant configurations using water as the working fluid. The results revealed that the combination of the inlet flow direction and extractor had a significant effect on the performance of the vertical flash tank separator which increased by 2%. The results also revealed that there was a good agreement between the CFD simulations and experiments; the CFD simulations underestimated the liquid separation efficiency by approximately 0.02 over the range of conditions tested.
Dual-factor Generation Model for Conversation
Authors: Zhang Ruqing , Guo Jiafeng , Fan Yixing , Lan Yanyan , Cheng Xueqi
Published: June 2020

The conversation task is usually formulated as a conditional generation problem, i.e., to generate a natural and meaningful response given the input utterance. Generally speaking, this formulation is apparently based on an oversimplified assumption that the response is solely dependent on the input utterance. It ignores the subjective factor of the responder, e.g., his/her emotion or knowledge state, which is a major factor that affects the response in practice. Without explicitly differentiating such subjective factor behind the response, existing generation models can only learn the general shape of conversations, leading to the blandness problem of the response. Moreover, there is no intervention mechanism within the existing generation process, since the response is fully decided by the input utterance. In this work, we propose to view the conversation task as a dual-factor generation problem, including an objective factor denoting the input utterance and a subjective factor denoting the responder state. We extend the existing neural sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) model to accommodate the responder state modeling. We introduce two types of responder state, i.e., discrete and continuous state, to model emotion state and topic preference state, respectively. We show that with our dual-factor generation model, we can not only better fit the conversation data, but also actively control the generation of the response with respect to sentiment or topic specificity.
Resistance exercise training induces subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue browning in Swiss mice
Authors: Picoli Caroline de Carvalho , Gilio Gustavo Renan , Henriques Felipe , Leal Luana Garcia , Besson Jean Carlos , Lopes Magno Alves , Franzói de Moraes Solange Marta , Hernandes Luzmarina , Batista Junior Miguel Luiz , Peres Sidney Barnabé
Published: June 2020

Aerobic exercise training (AER) induces the browning of white adipose tissue, turning adipocytes multilocular, highly vascularized and expressing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). The current study compared the efficiency of resistance to aerobic exercise training to promote a brown-like phenotype. Our results suggest that both types of training similarly induce subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue browning.
A Combined Experimental and First-Principle Calculation (DFT Study) for In Situ Polymer Inclusion Membrane-Assisted Growth of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Darvishi Reza , Pakizeh Esmaeil
Published: June 2020

A simple yet effective strategy was developed to prepare a metal-organic framework- (MOF-) based asymmetric membrane by depositing the Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Zif-8) layer on the aminosilane-functionalized surface of a polymer inclusion membrane via an in situ growth process. During the extraction of the ligand molecules from the source to stripping compartment, metal ions react with ligand, and layers of Zif-8 were gradually grown onto aminosilane-modified polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). The properties of the surface-grown Zif-8 nanocrystalline layer were well characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, adsorption-desorption analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The potential use of these Zif-8-supported PIM membranes for the separation of gases N2, CH4, and CO2 was evaluated at two temperatures (25 and 50°C) and pressures (1, 3, and 5 bar), by comparing the permeability and selectivity behavior of these membranes with neat PIM. The gas permeability of both pure PIM (PCO2=799.2 barrer) and PIM-co-MOF (PCO2=675.8 barrer) increases with the temperature for all three gases, and the permeation rate order was CO2 > CH4 > N2. The results showed that the presence of a layer of Zif-8 on the surface of the polymer inclusion membranes can get a slightly reduced permeability (~21%) but an enhanced selectivity of up to ~70% for CO2/CH4 and ~34% for CO2/N2. In the case of both membrane types, the ideal permselectivity decreases with the temperature, but this decrease was slightly more pronounced for the case of PIM-co-MOF. To understand more details about the electronic structure and optical and adsorption properties of Zif-8 and M+Zif-8 (M=N2,CH4,and CO2) compounds, the periodic plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used. The electronic band structures and density of states for pure Zif-8 showed that this compound is metallic. Also, using DFT, the formation energy of M+Zif-8 compounds was calculated, and we showed that the CO2+Zif-8 composition is more stable than other compounds. This result suggests that the tendency of the Zif-8 compound to absorb the CO2 molecule is higher than that of other molecules. Confirming these results, DFT optical calculations showed that the affinity of the CO2+Zif-8 composition to absorb infrared light was greater than that of the other compounds.
The Presence of Poultry Influenza Strains in Two Live Bird Markets near the East‐West Boundary of Vietnam
Authors: Tran Quynh Anh , Le Thi Huong , Thi Thanh Le Xuan , To Long Thanh
Published: June 2020

The spread of avian influenza virus among Asian countries is becoming a concern after influenza epidemics in recent years. This study is aimed at identifying the subtypes of avian influenza viruses collected from healthy chickens and ducks at two live bird markets in a border province of Vietnam and the Lao People Democratic Republic. Cloacal and tracheal swab samples from 100 chickens and 101 ducks were collected in May 2017. All samples were screened to detect avian influenza virus by real‐time reverse transcriptase PCR. Samples that are avian influenza virus‐positive were isolated in embryonated chicken eggs, and the subtypes were identified by RT‐PCR with the specific primers. The samples positive for influenza virus H5 were sequenced to identify HA and NA genes. The prevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) among chicken and duck samples was 27.5% (55/200) and 24.8% (50/202), respectively. AIV subtypes identified among 17 samples positive with the hemagglutination test include H3N6, H6N6, and H9N2. Of these 17 samples, 7 duck samples were found to be H6N6, 4 duck samples were infected with both subtypes of H3N6 and H6N6, and two chicken samples were recorded as H9N2. A positive chicken sample with A/H5 contains 99% similarity nucleotide with H5N6 reference strain. Results suggested that while the presence of low pathogenic avian influenza virus is predominant, potential risks of the appearance of high pathogen avian influenza virus in the east‐west boundary in Vietnam should be concerned and studied further. Furthermore, prevention activities are needed to reduce such biosecurity threats in Vietnam and other Asian countries.
A Case of Pulmonary Cement Embolism Managed through Symptomatic Treatment
Authors: Waler Alex R. , Sanchez Kyle J. , Parikh Amay A. , Okorie Okorie N.
Published: June 2020

Objective. This case describes symptomatic pulmonary cement embolism as a rare postvertebroplasty complication and highlights its critical yet ill-defined management. Background. Pulmonary cement embolism (PCE) is a feared complication of vertebroplasty in the treatment of vertebral fractures. While the majority of PCEs are asymptomatic, symptomatic PCEs often present with chest pain, tachycardia, signs of severe respiratory distress, and death. Computer tomography angiogram (CTA) allows visualization of cement within the pulmonary vasculature. Despite the well-established risk of PCE, clinical management is unclear with limited research on treatment options. Reported treatments include anticoagulation, embolectomy, CPR, and supportive care and observation. Report. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who experienced shortness of breath, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension, and hypoxemia five days following a corrective surgery for a compression fracture of L3 with pedicle screw fixation, fusion of L2 through L4, and L2 vertebral body cement augmentation with polymethyl methacrylate. Results. Breath sounds were diminished bilaterally with respiratory alkalosis and hypoxemia evident on arterial blood gas. CTA revealed intravasated cement throughout the right lung, including the pulmonary artery and upper and middle lobar arteries. The proposed mechanism is embolization of cement particles from the lumbar veins, which also showed intravasation. Due to the inorganic nature of the occluding material, the use of a thrombolytic agent was ruled against. Treatment included bronchodilators, 3 L of oxygen via nasal cannula, and prophylactic antibiotics, pulmonary toilet, and incentive spirometry. Symptomatic management was continued until she was discharged from the hospital in a stable condition. Conclusions. Postvertebroplasty pulmonary cement embolisms can be managed conservatively, without the use of anticoagulant or thrombolytic agents. This case illustrates a variation of care for this rare presentation and adds to the sparse literature on the management of PCEs.
Multifeature-Based Behavior of Privilege Escalation Attack Detection Method for Android Applications
Authors: Shen Limin , Li Hui , Wang Hongyi , Wang Yihuan
Published: June 2020

This study proposed an application behavior-detection method based on multifeature and process algebra for detecting privilege escalation attacks in Android applications. The five features of application that constituted the attack were determined through an analysis of the privilege escalation attack model. On the basis of the extraction of multiple features, process algebra was used to build the application-behavior model and the attack model. Strong equivalence relation was used to verify the application behavior. Finally, dataflow path detection is conducted among the applications that can constitute privilege escalation attacks to determine those apps constituted a privilege escalation attack. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified using the DroidBench benchmark test and the test set that includes 55 APKs of 22 types.
Oral Complementary Medicine Use among People with Inflammatory Arthritis: An Australian Rheumatology Association Database Analysis
Authors: Fletcher Ashley , Lassere Marissa , March Lyn , Hill Catherine , Carroll Graeme , Barrett Claire , Buchbinder Rachelle
Published: June 2020

Objectives. To describe oral complementary medicine (CM) use in people with inflammatory arthritis, associations with use, and changes in use over time. Methods. Demographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcome data from 5,630 participants with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) were extracted from the Australian Rheumatology Association Database (ARAD), a national observational database. CM use at entry into ARAD was ascertained for participants recruited between 2002 and 2018. CM was categorised according to the NIH/Cochrane schema (fatty acids, herbs, or supplements). Logistic regression was used to assess associations between demographic characteristics and CM use. Change in CM use between 2006 and 2016 was investigated using a nonparametric test for trend of rate by year. Results. 2,156 (38.3%) ARAD participants were taking CM at enrolment (RA: 1,502/3,960 (37.9%), AS: 281/736 (38.2%), PsA: 334/749 (44.6%), and JIA: 39/185 (21.1%)). CM use was more prevalent in women (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.13-1.50), those with tertiary education (OR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.13-1.55), private health insurance (OR 1.26; (95% CI: 1.10-1.44), drinking alcohol sometimes (OR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05-1.43), poorer function (HAQ) (OR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02-1.24), use of NSAID (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.17-1.50), weak (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.05-1.41) but not strong opioids, and less prevalent in current smokers (OR 0.76; 95%: CI 0.63-0.91). CM use was not associated with pain, disease activity, or quality of life. The most common CMs were fish oils (N=1,489 users) followed by glucosamine (N=605). Both declined in use over time between 2006 and 2016 (27.5% to 21.4%, trend p=0.85 and 15.5% to 6.4%, trend p<0.01), respectively. Conclusion. Oral CM use is common among Australians with inflammatory arthritis. Its use is greater among women and those with tertiary education. Fish oil and glucosamine, the most common CMs, both declined in use over time.
An AAC Mobile-Based Application for People with Intellectual Disability: A Case Study in Brazil
Authors: Conte Mauro José , Gomes Ferreira Marcelo Gitirana , Ramírez Alejandro R. García
Published: June 2020

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) techniques are employed to mediate communication with people who have communication disorders, as in cases of intellectual disability. Although there are various digital solutions that promote alternative communication options for individuals with communication disorders, only a few of them have been specifically designed or targeted to people with intellectual disability (ID). This work is motivated by the lack of AAC solutions contributing to the rehabilitation processes of individuals with intellectual disability in Brazil. The study presents a mobile-based AAC solution conceived as a tool to assist the rehabilitation process of people with ID. The design was based on user-centered design principles and accessibility standards. The System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire was used to evaluate the solution. Four specialists and twenty-five students participated in this study. The proposed solution shows the potential educational value for professionals who assist individuals with intellectual disability in Brazil.
Surgical Therapy of Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis: A Literature Review of Current Options
Authors: Miksch Rainer Christoph , D’Haese Jan G. , Werner Jens
Published: June 2020

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with alcohol abuse in 80% of cases. The primary treatment goals in CP are pain reduction and avoidance of pancreatitis-associated complications. CP should be treated in an interdisciplinary approach. A recent randomized clinical trial showed that early surgery compared with an endoscopy-first approach resulted in reduced pain levels. Surgical resections are, therefore, the most efficient treatment of pancreatitis-associated pain as well as other complications and should be performed early in the course of the disease. Since most of the patients pre­sent with chronic inflammation of the pancreatic head, pancreatic head resection is the most common treatment option. Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resections are the surgical procedure of choice, but pancreaticoduodenectomies (Kausch-Whipple procedures) demonstrate similar outcome with regard to pain control, quality of life, and metabolic parameters. Other surgical procedures, including drainage procedures, pancreatic segmental resections, or left resections, are rarely indicated.
Mild COVID-19 Symptoms in an Infliximab-Treated Ulcerative Colitis Patient: Can Ongoing Anti-TNF Therapy Protect against the Viral Hyperinflammatory Response and Avoid Aggravated Outcomes?
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Neurath Markus F. , Atreya Raja
Published: June 2020

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, represents a potentially major challenge to patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases who are treated with immunomodulatory therapies. We report the case of an 18-year-old ulcerative colitis patient in sustained clinical remission who 4 days after application of her ongoing therapy with the anti-TNF antibody infliximab developed mild respiratory and abdominal symptoms. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19 but did not need hospitalization. The clinical symptoms completely resolved within 1 week after onset and there was no change in ulcerative colitis activity. The recently applied anti-TNF therapy did not lead to exacerbation of the infectious symptoms. Current recommendations strongly favor continuation of effective maintenance anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients, as there is no evidence for aggravated CO­VID-19 upon infection. It is unclear whether anti-TNF treatment might even have assisted in preventing worsening of COVID-19 and improving outcome. Further data in the group of immune-mediated inflammatory disease patients under anti-TNF therapy are urgently needed.
Biology of the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Immunohistochemical, RNA, and DNA Features
Authors: Herrera Juarez Mercedes , Tolosa Ortega Pablo , Sanchez de Torre Ana , Ciruelos Gil Eva
Published: June 2020

Background: The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes a heterogeneous disease with an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. A better understanding of its biology is required to identify new biomarkers and improve clinical outcomes. Summary: To date, the definition and classification of TNBC depends on a multiomic approach including immunohistochemistry (IHC), genomic, and transcriptomic features, and the tumor immune landscape. The development of new technologies has allowed us to sequence the whole cancer genome. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and next-generation sequencing have led to a greater knowledge of DNA alterations such as TP53 or BRCA mutations, copy number variations, and DNA methylations. In addition, gene expression profiling has allowed to define a molecular intrinsic classification of TNBC based on mRNA. IHC and genomic profiling are also necessary to identify new immune biomarkers such as the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Key Messages: This review aimed to provide recent knowledge of TNBC biology and classification focused on IHC, transcriptomics, genomic features, and the new immune biomarkers.
Comparison of Reperfusion Strategies for ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multivariate Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Fazel Reza , Joseph Timothy I. , Sankardas Mullasari A. , Pinto Duane S. , Yeh Robert W. , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K.
Published: June 2020

Background

We systematically reviewed trials comparing different reperfusion strategies for ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction and used multivariate network meta‐analysis to compare outcomes across these strategies.

Methods and Results

We identified 31 contemporary trials in which patients with
ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction
were randomized to ≥2 of the following strategies: fibrinolytic therapy (n=4212), primary percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) (n=6139), or fibrinolysis followed by routine early
PCI
(n=5006). We categorized the last approach as “facilitated
PCI
” when the median time interval between fibrinolysis to
PCI
was <2 hours (n=2259) and as a “pharmacoinvasive approach” when this interval was ≥2 hours (n=2747). We evaluated outcomes of death, nonfatal reinfarction, stroke, and major bleeding using a multivariate network meta‐analysis and a Bayesian analysis. Among the strategies evaluated, primary
PCI
was associated with the lowest risk of mortality, nonfatal reinfarction, and stroke. For mortality, primary
PCI
had an odds ratio of 0.73 (95%
CI
, 0.61–0.89) when compared with fibrinolytic therapy. Of the remaining strategies, the pharmacoinvasive approach was the next most favorable with an
odds ratio
for death of 0.79 (95%
CI
, 0.59–1.08) compared with fibrinolytic therapy. The Bayesian model indicated that when the 2 strategies examining routine early invasive therapy following fibrinolysis were directly compared, the probability of adverse outcomes was lower for the pharmacoinvasive approach relative to facilitated
PCI
.

Conclusions

A pharmacoinvasive approach is safer and more effective than facilitated
PCI
and fibrinolytic therapy alone. This has significant implications for
ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction
care in settings where timely access to primary
PCI
, the preferred treatment for
ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction
, is not available.
Morphology is a poor predictor of interspecific admixture – the case of two naturally hybridizing newts Lissotriton montandoni and Lissotriton vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae)
Authors: Niedzicka Marta E. , Głowacki Bartosz M. , Zieliński Piotr , Babik Wiesław
Published: June 2020

Compared to the parental species, interspecific hybrids often show intermediate phenotypes which can affect their fitness directly and/or their attractiveness to potential mates. Lissotriton montandoni and Lissotriton vulgaris hybridize across their parapatric range along the Carpathian mountains. Hybrids are rare in natural hybrid zones, which may be related to strong assortative mating in parental species. In the present study, we investigated morphological male species-specific traits and their differentiation between both parental species and first generation of interspecific hybrids (F1), considering morphological variation between two L. vulgaris subspecies co-occurring with L. montandoni in nature: L. v. vulgaris and L. v. ampelensis. Male morphology of each group was assessed and compared based on species-specific and sexual secondary traits, selected based on the literature review. We confirmed that F1 hybrids of L. v. vulgaris and L. montandoni have an intermediate morphology between parental species. However, when morphological traits were compared with the level of genetic admixture of individuals in natural hybrid zones, we discovered that even early generations hybrids (i.e. F1 and/or F2 generation) can be similar to the parental species (especially L. v. ampelensis). As even early generations hybrids can be morphologically undistinguishable from L. v. ampelensis, sexual attractiveness of hybrids may be potentially less affected in direction of L. v. ampelensis backcrossing. Summarizing, morphology, especially morphology of male secondary sexual traits is not a reliable tool for the estimation of genetic admixture of an individual in natural populations within the hybrid zone.
Maroon Fashion History
Authors: Price Sally
Published: June 2020

Fashion has long been a dynamic aspect of Maroon culture in Suriname and French Guiana (Guyane). The textile arts that carry it through from one generation to the next were totally ignored by early writers, who lavished praise on the men’s art of woodcarving but said virtually nothing about the artistic gifts of women—most importantly in calabash carving (referred to by one of them as “doodling”) and clothing. This article, based on more than fifty years of ethnographic work with Maroons, focuses on textile arts and clothing fashions, running briefly through styles of the past before focusing on current directions. Today, with Maroons participating increasingly in life beyond the traditional villages of the rain forest, the women—like their mothers and grandmothers—have continued to enjoy adopting newly available materials and inventing novel techniques. In the process, they have been producing clothing that reflects both their cultural heritage of innovative artistry and their new place in the multicultural, commoditized society of the coast. The illustrations give an opening hint of the remarkable vibrancy of this aspect of Maroon life in the twenty-first century.
Training the trainer to embed IL into curricula
Authors: Flierl Michael , Fundator Rachel , Reed Jason , McGowan Bethany , Cai Chao , Maybee Clarence
Published: June 2020

Academic libraries have long recognised the benefits of integrating information literacy into disciplinary curricula. One model that addresses the common problems of sustainability and scalability of such efforts is the train the trainer model, where academic librarians serve as faculty developers. Improving faculty development efforts requires understanding the methods and strategies of librarians engaged in this work. Using an action research methodology, this paper investigated the experiences of librarians and disciplinary instructors participating in a course redesign program at a large, public university in the midwestern United States, in order to identify effective strategies for engaging with disciplinary instructors about information literacy. Findings include focusing on pragmatic, contextual ways in which students will need to use information in the future, providing professional development opportunities for librarians to further develop faculty development skills, and prioritising strong collaborations between librarians and other academic units.
Strong Summer Atmospheric Rivers Trigger Greenland Ice Sheet Melt through Spatially Varying Surface Energy Balance and Cloud Regimes
Authors: Mattingly Kyle S. , Mote Thomas L. , Fettweis Xavier , van As Dirk , Van Tricht Kristof , Lhermitte Stef , Pettersen Claire , Fausto Robert S.
Published: June 2020

Mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has accelerated over the past two decades, coincident with rapid Arctic warming and increasing moisture transport over Greenland by atmospheric rivers (ARs). Summer ARs affecting western Greenland trigger GrIS melt events, but the physical mechanisms through which ARs induce melt are not well understood. This study elucidates the coupled surface–atmosphere processes by which ARs force GrIS melt through analysis of the surface energy balance (SEB), cloud properties, and local- to synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions during strong summer AR events affecting western Greenland. ARs are identified in MERRA-2 reanalysis (1980–2017) and classified by integrated water vapor transport (IVT) intensity. SEB, cloud, and atmospheric data from regional climate model, observational, reanalysis, and satellite-based datasets are used to analyze melt-inducing physical processes during strong, >90th percentile “AR90+” events. Near AR “landfall,” AR90+days feature increased cloud cover that reduces net shortwave radiation and increases net longwave radiation. As these oppositely signed radiative anomalies partly cancel during AR90+events, increased melt energy in the ablation zone is primarily provided by turbulent heat fluxes, particularly sensible heat flux. These turbulent heat fluxes are driven by enhanced barrier winds generated by a stronger synoptic pressure gradient combined with an enhanced local temperature contrast between cool over-ice air and the anomalously warm surrounding atmosphere. During AR90+events in northwest Greenland, anomalous melt is forced remotely through a clear-sky foehn regime produced by downslope flow in eastern Greenland.
The Lightning and Dual-Polarization Radar Characteristics of Three Hail-Accumulating Thunderstorms
Authors: Wallace Robinson , Friedrich Katja , Deierling Wiebke , Kalina Evan A. , Schlatter Paul
Published: June 2020

Thunderstorms that produce hail accumulations at the surface can impact residents by obstructing roadways, closing airports, and causing localized flooding from hail-clogged drainages. These storms have recently gained an increased interest within the scientific community. However, differences that are observable in real time between these storms and storms that produce nonimpactful hail accumulations have yet to be documented. Similarly, the characteristics within a single storm that are useful to quantify or predict hail accumulations are not fully understood. This study uses lightning and dual-polarization radar data to characterize hail accumulations from three storms that occurred on the same day along the Colorado–Wyoming Front Range. Each storm’s characteristics are verified against radar-derived hail accumulation maps and in situ observations. The storms differed in maximum accumulation, either producing 22 cm, 7 cm, or no accumulation. The magnitude of surface hail accumulations is found to be dependent on a combination of in-cloud hail production, storm translation speed, and hailstone melting. The optimal combination for substantial hail accumulations is enhanced in-cloud hail production, slow storm speed, and limited hailstone melting. However, during periods of similar in-cloud hail production, lesser accumulations are derived when storm speed and/or hailstone melting, identified by radar presentation, is sufficiently large. These results will aid forecasters in identifying when hail accumulations are occurring in real time.
Social Resilience to Climate Change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age: A Replication Study
Authors: Peregrine Peter N.
Published: June 2020

In a recentWeather, Climate, and Societyarticle, two hypotheses about social resilience to disaster were tested. One was that societies allowing greater political participation and access to decision-making were more resilient to catastrophic climate-related disasters; the second was that societies with stronger social norms were more resilient. Support was found for the first hypothesis but little support for the second. The lack of support for the second hypothesis seemed odd, as it had been supported by other researchers, but a clear rationale for the lack of support was not offered. Here the previous study is replicated with a sample of 20 societies that experienced the Late Antique Little Ice Age. As with the original paper, the replication finds support for the first hypothesis and little support for the second. It is suggested that the reason for these differing results is due to the differing forms of climate-related disasters examined in previous studies. Specifically, it is suggested that political participation provides resilience to catastrophic climate-related disasters by fostering bridging forms of social capital, whereas adherence to strong social norms provides resilience to smaller, more episodic disasters by fostering bonding forms of social capital. The paper concludes with policy suggestions that are based on these findings.
Elaborating on the Abstract: Group Meaning-Making in a Colombian Microsavings Program
Authors: Doering Laura B. , McNeill Kristen
Published: June 2020

Access to formal financial products like savings accounts constitutes a hallmark feature of economic development, but individuals do not uniformly embrace these products. In explaining such financial preferences, scholars have focused on institutional, cultural, and material factors, but they have paid less attention to organizations and small groups. In this article, we argue that these factors are crucial to understanding financial preferences. We investigate a government-sponsored microsavings program in Colombia and find that participants became less interested in banking services over the course of the program, even as they gained access to appropriate accounts and their savings increased. Turning to qualitative data to understand this curious finding, we show that organizational efforts to disseminate abstract information about banking triggered a process of “elaboration” among group members, leading many to develop financial preferences at odds with those promoted by the government. This study integrates insights from economic sociology, organizational theory, and microsociology to advance theories of financial preference. In doing so, we reveal how organizational efforts to compress information, followed by group efforts to personalize and expand upon the information, can shape preferences and potentially undermine organizational goals.
Long-term Outcomes of Clip Coupler Implantation in Patients with Unilateral Congenital Aural Atresia
Authors: Zhao Chunli , Yang Jinsong , Liu Yujie , Gao Mengdie , Chen Peiwei , Zhao Shouqin
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of the Clip coupler attached to the stapes head in patients with unilateral congenital aural atresia (CAA).

Methods:

This single-center retrospective study included 16 Mandarin-speaking patients who had unilateral microtia accompanied by CAA. All patients were divided into two groups: the short-term follow-up group (n = 9) and the long-term follow-up group (n = 7). The floating mass transducer of the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) was positioned in the stapes head by the Clip coupler. The safety of the VSB was investigated by comparing preoperative and postoperative bone-conduction (BC) thresholds as well as by complications. The effectiveness was evaluated by functional gain (FG), word recognition score (WRS), speech reception threshold (SRT) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Results:

Pre- and post-operative BC thresholds were no different in all patients. And no complications developed. VSB-aided thresholds in the free-field had improved significantly in both short- and long-term follow-up groups. The improvements of WRS were observed in two groups. The monosyllabic VSB-aided WRS in the long-term follow-up group was significantly higher than that in the short-term follow-up group. When speech was from the impaired ear and noise presented to the side of normal ear (SVSBNCL), lower SNRs were found in two groups after VSB implantation. However, there was no statistical difference in aided SNR between the two groups at SVSBNCL status.

Conclusions:

Our results show that the FMT connected to the stapes head is a secure and useful device for patients with unilateral CHL/MHL, not only in terms of improved hearing thresholds, but also improved speech intelligibility in quiet and noisy environments.
Measuring the Domain Specificity of Workload Using EEG: Auditory and Visual Domains in Rotary-Wing Simulated Flight
Authors: Feltman Kathryn A. , Bernhardt Kyle A. , Kelley Amanda M.
Published: June 2020

Objective

The overarching objective was to evaluate whether workload sensory-domain specificity could be identified through electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during simulated rotary-wing operations.

Background

Rotary-wing aviators experience workload from different sensory domains, although predominantly through auditory and visual domains. Development of real-time monitoring tools using psychophysiological indices, such as EEG recordings, could enable identification of aviator overload in real time.

Method

Two studies were completed, both of which recorded EEG, task performance, and self-report data. In Study 1, 16 individuals completed a basic auditory and a basic visual laboratory task where workload was manipulated. In Study 2, 23 Army aviators completed simulated aviation flights where workload was manipulated within auditory and visual sensory domains.

Results

Results from Study 1 found differences in frontal alpha activity during the auditory task, and that alpha and beta activities were associated with perceived workload. Frontal theta activity was found to differ during the visual task while frontal alpha was associated with perceived workload. Study 2 found support for frontal beta activity and the ratio of beta to alpha + theta to differentiate level of workload within the auditory domain.

Conclusion

There is likely a role of frontal alpha and beta activities in response to workload manipulations within the auditory domain; however, this role becomes more equivocal when examined in a multifaceted flight scenario.

Application

Results from this study provide a basis for understanding changes in EEG activity when workload is manipulated in sensory domains that can be used in furthering the development of real-time monitoring tools.
Impacts of Public Health Insurance on Occupational Upgrading
Authors: Farooq Ammar , Kugler Adriana
Published: June 2020

Using data from the Current Population Survey’s Merged Outgoing Rotation Groups, the authors examine whether greater Medicaid generosity encourages people to switch toward better quality occupations. Exploiting variation in Medicaid eligibility expansions for children across states during the 1990s and early 2000s, they find that a one standard deviation increase in Medicaid infant income thresholds increased the likelihood that working parents move to a new occupation by 1.6 percentage points or 3.3%. Findings show that these effects are larger for those below 150% of the poverty line and for married parents who were not benefiting from Medicaid prior to the expansions. In addition, findings indicate that Medicaid generosity also increased mobility toward occupations with higher average wages and higher educational requirements. This article contributes to the literature on job lock by showing that access to public health insurance not only increases employment and job switches but also encourages occupational upgrading.
The personal social network of psychiatric service users
Authors: Wyngaerden François , Tempels Marie , Feys Jean-Louis , Dubois Vincent , Lorant Vincent
Published: June 2020

Background:

For psychiatric service users, the personal social network offers resources such as behavioural guidance, social support, and coherence of care delivery. So far, most research on the subject has assessed the availability of these resources using size and composition measures. However, the availability of network resources also depends on the cohesion of the relationships between network members, a topic that is rarely addressed in the literature.

Aims:

In this article, we aim to describe the cohesion of psychiatric service users’ networks.

Method:

We carried out a personal network survey and collected data on the social networks of 380 service users recruited in outpatient and inpatient services in Belgium. We used an ego-network mapping technique. The data were analysed using several structural metrics describing size, composition, and cohesion. We carried out analysis of variance (ANOVA) in relation to residential status, level of education, psychiatric history, and psychosocial functioning and analysed three cohesion indicators (density, fragmentation, and centralisation) with regression analyses.

Results:

Personal social networks were small and not very cohesive. Most were composed of a dense subgroup as well as several isolated network members. The analyses revealed that highly educated psychiatric service users had more fragmented networks, while users living in independent accommodation had less dense networks. Density and fragmentation were not associated with the severity of psychosocial functioning, whereas centralisation was.

Conclusions:

The low level of cohesion may indicate that service users aim to access multiple and diverse social resources and that better-off service users are more successful at doing so. On the whole, however, these personal social networks were fragile, because they contained a high number of isolated network members. Finally, it could be beneficial for professionals to pay special attention to the central persons within the networks of psychiatric service users.