bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erreurs fossilisables de prononciation du français chez des apprenants hispanophones
Authors: Deswarte Chloé , Baquero Fanny Janneth , Reyes-Rincón Javier Hernando , Plata-Peñafort Carolina
Published: October 2019

L'article présente les erreurs fossilisables que les étudiants de Licence en Langues Modernes de l'Université Pontificale Javeriana commettent en phonétique et phonologie dans les niveaux intermédiaires (B2) de français.

À partir des concepts clés (phonétique, phonologie, fossilisation et erreur fossilisable), nous analyserons un corpus de productions orales, les réponses à un questionnaire adressé aux étudiants et des entretiens semi-directifs réalisés aux professeurs des cours.

Nous démontrons que les erreurs caractéristiques des hispanophones persistent dans ces niveaux et risqueraient de ne pas être corrigées à moins que des stratégies pédagogiques soient mises en place à fin d'empêcher leur fossilisation.
Weak neural signatures of spatial selective auditory attention in hearing-impaired listeners
Authors: Bonacci Lia M. , Dai Lengshi , Shinn-Cunningham Barbara G.
Published: October 2019

Spatial attention may be used to select target speech in one location while suppressing irrelevant speech in another. However, if perceptual resolution of spatial cues is weak, spatially focused attention may work poorly, leading to difficulty communicating in noisy settings. In electroencephalography (EEG), the distribution of alpha (8–14 Hz) power over parietal sensors reflects the spatial focus of attention [Banerjee, Snyder, Molholm, and Foxe (2011). J. Neurosci. 31, 9923–9932; Foxe and Snyder (2011). Front. Psychol. 2, 154.] If spatial attention is degraded, however, alpha may not be modulated across parietal sensors. A previously published behavioral and EEG study found that, compared to normal-hearing (NH) listeners, hearing-impaired (HI) listeners often had higher interaural time difference thresholds, worse performance when asked to report the content of an acoustic stream from a particular location, and weaker attentional modulation of neural responses evoked by sounds in a mixture [Dai, Best, and Shinn-Cunningham (2018). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 115, E3286]. This study explored whether these same HI listeners also showed weaker alpha lateralization during the previously reported task. In NH listeners, hemispheric parietal alpha power was greater when the ipsilateral location was attended; this lateralization was stronger when competing melodies were separated by a larger spatial difference. In HI listeners, however, alpha was not lateralized across parietal sensors, consistent with a degraded ability to use spatial features to selectively attend.
Planning dam portfolios for low sediment trapping shows limits for sustainable hydropower in the Mekong
Authors: Schmitt R. J. P. , Bizzi S. , Castelletti A. , Opperman J. J. , Kondolf G. M.
Published: October 2019

Strategic planning in the Mekong Basin could improve trade-offs between hydropower and sediment supply to the Mekong Delta.
The science of contemporary street protest: New efforts in the United States
Authors: Fisher Dana R. , Andrews Kenneth T. , Caren Neal , Chenoweth Erica , Heaney Michael T. , Leung Tommy , Perkins L. Nathan , Pressman Jeremy
Published: October 2019

We review how the science of studying street protest has changed, identifying opportunities for innovation and collaboration.
Reprogramming of DNA methylation at NEUROD2-bound sequences during cortical neuron differentiation
Authors: Hahn Maria A. , Jin Seung-Gi , Li Arthur X. , Liu Jiancheng , Huang Zhijun , Wu Xiwei , Kim Byung-Wook , Johnson Jennifer , Bilbao Adrienne-Denise V. , Tao Shu , Yim Jacob A. , Fong Yuman , Goebbels Sandra , Schwab Markus H. , Lu Qiang , Pfeifer Gerd P.
Published: October 2019

The authors show that cortical neuron differentiation involves demethylation of a large number of NEUROD2 target sequences.
A green tea–triggered genetic control system for treating diabetes in mice and monkeys
Authors: Yin Jianli , Yang Linfeng , Mou Lisha , Dong Kaili , Jiang Jian , Xue Shuai , Xu Ying , Wang Xinyi , Lu Ying , Ye Haifeng
Published: October 2019

A green tea–triggered genetic control system was developed for genome/epigenome editing, digital computations, and diabetes therapy in mice and monkeys.
A rapid triage test for active pulmonary tuberculosis in adult patients with persistent cough
Authors: Ahmad Rushdy , Xie Liangxia , Pyle Margaret , Suarez Marta F. , Broger Tobias , Steinberg Dan , Ame Shaali M. , Lucero Marilla G. , Szucs Matthew J. , MacMullan Melanie , Berven Frode S. , Dutta Arup , Sanvictores Diozele M. , Tallo Veronica L. , Bencher Robert , Eisinger Dominic P. , Dhingra Usha , Deb Saikat , Ali Said M. , Mehta Saurabh , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Riley Ian D. , Sazawal Sunil , Premji Zul , Black Robert , Murray Christopher J. L. , Rodriguez Bill , Carr Steven A. , Walt David R. , Gillette Michael A.
Published: October 2019

A blood protein signature discriminates active tuberculosis (TB) from other TB-like disease in adults regardless of HIV status.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of the Green Alga
Tetraselmis striata
(Chlorophyta) Generated from PacBio Sequencing
Authors: Steadman Tyler Christina R. , Hovde Blake T. , Daligault Hajnalka E. , Zhang Xiang Li , Kunde Yuliya , Marrone Babetta L. , Twary Scott N. , Starkenburg Shawn R.
Published: October 2019

A high-quality draft genome sequence of the microalgal species
Tetraselmis striata
was generated using PacBio sequencing. The assembled genome is 228 Mb, derived from 3,613 polished contigs at 84× coverage depth. This genome contains an average GC content of 57.9% and 48,906 predicted genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Kosakonia radicincitans UYSO10, an Endophytic Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium of Sugarcane (
Saccharum officinarum
)
Authors: Beracochea Martín , Taulé Cecilia , Battistoni Federico
Published: October 2019

Kosakonia radicincitas
UYSO10 is an endophytic bacterium that was isolated from stem tissues of
Saccharum officinarum
plants cultivated in Uruguay. UYSO10 is a diazotrophic indoleacetic acid-producing bacterium with growth-promoting effects on sugarcane. Here, we report the draft genome sequence, in which genes that are probably involved in the plant-bacterium interaction were identified.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Granaticin-Producing Strain of Streptomyces parvus Isolated from a Roman Tomb in the Necropolis of Carmona, Spain
Authors: Gonzalez-Pimentel Jose L. , Jurado Valme , Laiz Leonila , Saiz-Jimenez Cesareo
Published: October 2019

Streptomyces parvus
strain C05 was isolated from the walls of a Roman tomb located in Carmona, Seville, Spain. Subsequent studies determined the capability of this strain for producing granaticins. Here, we report the 8.7-Mbp draft genome sequence for this bacterium.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Siphophage Seafire
Authors: Hartman Sarah , Zeng Chi , O’Leary Chandler , Newkirk Heather , Kongari Rohit , Gill Jason , Liu Mei
Published: October 2019

Bacteriophages infectingSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Enteritidis may be used as biocontrol agents in food products or animals for preventing foodborne diseases caused by this pathogen. The complete genome sequence of phage Seafire, a T5-like siphophage infectingS.Enteritidis, is described in this report.
Diagnosis and treatment of peripheral exudative haemorrhagic chorioretinopathy
Authors: Vandefonteyne Sarah , Caujolle Jean-Pierre , Rosier Laurence , Conrath John , Quentel Gabriel , Tadayoni Ramin , Maschi Celia , Le Mer Yannick , Dot Corinne , Aknin Isabelle , Thariat Juliette , Baillif Stephanie
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Peripheral exudative haemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is a rare disorder that is often misdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to better characterise PEHCR and to assess treatment options.

Material and methods

Retrospective multicentric chart review.

Results

Of 84 eyes (69 patients) with PEHCR referred between 2005 and 2017, the most common referral diagnosis was choroidal melanoma (41.3%). Bilateral involvement was found in 21.7% of cases. Haemorrhagic retinal pigment epithelium detachment was the most common peripheral lesion (53.6%). Maculopathy was associated with peripheral lesions in 65.8% of cases. PEHCR lesions were mostly heterogeneous (58.8%) on B-scan ultrasonography. Choroidal neovascularisation was found in 10 eyes (26.3%) out of 38 eyes that underwent fluorescein angiography. Polyps were observed in 14 eyes (58.3%) out of 24 eyes that underwent indocyanine green angiography. Fifty-one eyes were treated (62.2%). Intravitreal injections (IVTI) of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were the most used treatment (36.6%) before laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, vitrectomy and cryotherapy. Only vitrectomy improved visual acuity. Most lesions (65.6%) regressed at the last follow-up visit.

Conclusion

In case of PEHCR, multimodal imaging is useful to avoid misdiagnosis, to characterise PEHCR lesions and to guide treatment strategies. Regression of PEHCR lesions was observed in two-thirds of the patients. Vitrectomy improved visual acuity. More than a third of patients underwent anti-VEGF IVTI. Further studies are needed to assess IVTI’s efficacy.
Means, Motives and Opportunity: determinants of community health worker performance
Authors: John Aparna , Newton-Lewis Thomas , Srinivasan Shuchi
Published: October 2019

The performance of community health workers (CHWs) typically depends on the interaction between their motivation (their intent to achieve personal and organisational goals) and the constraints that they face in doing so. These constraints can be both at the individual level, for example, whether the worker has the skills and knowledge required to deliver on their job role, and the organisational level, for example, whether the worker is provided with the resources required to perform. Designing interventions to improve the performance of CHWs requires identifying the constraints to performance in a particular context. Existing frameworks on CHW performance tend to be derived empirically, identifying a broad range of intervention design and contextual factors that have been shown to influence CHW performance. These may not always be able to guide policy makers to identify the precise cause of a specific performance problem in a particular context and develop an appropriate policy response. This article presents a framework to help practitioners and researchers diagnose the constraints to performance of CHWs and guide programmatic and policy responses. The Means, Motives and Opportunity (MMO) framework has been adapted from the SaniFOAM framework used to identify the determinants of sanitation behaviours. It is based on three interdependent and interacting domains: means (whether an individual is capable of performing), motives (whether an individual wants to perform) and opportunity (whether the individual has the chance to perform). A wide range of data sources are expected to be used when applying the MMO framework, especially qualitative research that captures the perspectives and lived realities of CHWs and their communities. In this article, we demonstrate how the MMO framework can be applied to identify the constraints to CHW performance using the case study of Anganwadi Workers (village nutrition workers) in Bihar, India.
Outcomes in children evaluated but not transported by ambulance personnel: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oulasvirta Jelena , Salmi Heli , Kuisma Markku , Rahiala Eero , Lääperi Mitja , Harve-Rytsälä Heini
Published: October 2019

Background

Not all children with an out-of-hospital emergency medical contact are transported by ambulance to the emergency department (ED). Non-transport means that after on-scene evaluation and possible treatment, ambulance personnel may advise the patient to monitor the situation at home or may refer the patient to seek medical attention by other means of transport. As selecting the right patients for ambulance transport is critical for optimising patient safety and resource use, we studied outcomes in non-transported children to identify possible risk groups that could benefit from ambulance transport.

Methods

In a population-based retrospective cohort study of all children aged 0–15 years encountered but not transported by ambulance in Helsinki, Finland, between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016, we evaluated (1) 12-month mortality, (2) intensive care admissions, (3) unscheduled ED contacts within the following 96 hours after the non-transport decision and (4) the clinical status of the child on presentation to ED in the case of a secondary ED visit.

Results

Of all children encountered by out-of-hospital emergency medical services, 3579/7765 (46%) were not transported to ED by ambulance. There was no mortality or intensive care admissions related to the non-transport. The risk factors for an unscheduled secondary ED visit after a non-transport decision were young age (p=0.001), non-transport decision during the early morning hours (p<0.001) and certain dispatch codes, including ‘dyspnoea’ (p<0.001), ‘vomiting/diarrhoea’ (p=0.030) and ‘mental illness’ (p=0.019). We did not detect deterioration in patients’ clinical presentation at ED traceable to non-transport decisions.

Conclusions

Not transporting all children by ambulance after an out-of-hospital emergency medical contact was not associated with deaths, intensive care admissions or significant deterioration in general condition in our study population and healthcare system. Special attention and a formal non-transport protocol are warranted in certain subgroups, including infants.
Adrenal suppression from glucocorticoids: preventing an iatrogenic cause of morbidity and mortality in children
Authors: Ahmet Alexandra , Mokashi Arati , Goldbloom Ellen B , Huot Celine , Jurencak Roman , Krishnamoorthy Preetha , Rowan-Legg Anne , Kim Harold , Pancer Larry , Kovesi Tom
Published: October 2019

Adrenal suppression (AS) is an important side effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) including inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). AS can often be asymptomatic or associated with non-specific symptoms until a physiological stress such as an illness precipitates an adrenal crisis. Morbidity and death associated with adrenal crisis is preventable but continues to be reported in children. There is a lack of consensus about the management of children at risk of AS. However, healthcare professionals need to develop an awareness and approach to keep these children safe. In this article, current knowledge of the risk factors, diagnosis and management of AS are reviewed while drawing attention to knowledge gaps and areas of controversy. Possible strategies to reduce the morbidity associated with this iatrogenic condition are provided for healthcare professionals.
Influence of defect pairs in Ga-based ordered defect compounds: a hybrid density functional study
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Joshi Suman , Sharma Durgesh Kumar , Auluck Sushil
Published: October 2019

In the present paper, density functional theory (DFT) based calculations have been performed to predict the stability, electronic, and optical properties of Ga-rich ordered defect compounds (ODCs). The calculated lattice constants, bulk modulus, their pressure derivatives, and optical constants show good agreement with available experimental data. The hybrid exchange correlations functional have been considered to calculate ground state total energy and energy band gap of the material. The calculated formation energy of ODCs comes smaller than pure CuGaSe2 (CGS). Our calculated optical absorption coefficients indicate that the energy band gap of ODCs can be tuned by changing the number of donor–acceptor defect pairs ([Formula: see text]). The band offset has been calculated to understand the reason of band gap alteration while the number of defect pair changes. Our results may be helpful for other experiments to further improve the performance of ODCs.
UV attenuation by Martian brines
Authors: Godin Paul J. , Stone Heather , Bahrami Romina , Schuerger Andrew C. , Moores John E.
Published: October 2019

UV radiation on the surface of Mars is an important factor affecting the survivability of microorganisms on Mars; a habitable niche on Mars would be one that provides protection from harmful UV radiation. The possibility of Martian brines providing a habitable niche on Mars via attenuation of UV radiation is investigated. Minerals could have leached into bodies of water on early Mars and may remain present in the polar ice caps. Aqueous solutions of nine different salts found on the surface of Mars were prepared and UV absorption cross sections were derived in the spectral range 230–400 nm. The salts investigated were Fe(NO3)3, Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4, FeCl2, MnSO4, CaSO4, MgSO4, MgCl2, and NaCl. UV absorption cross sections found ranged from 10−24 to 10−17 cm2molecule−1, with the cation primarily affecting absorption strength. In particular, salts containing Fe3+ were found to absorb significant amounts of UV radiation. Combining the derived absorption cross sections with the solar radiation at Mars, transmitted UV radiation was simulated for different combinations of depth and salt concentration. Greater than 95% UV absorption from 230 to 400 nm is possible with iron salts at depths and concentrations expected to be found on past and present-day Mars. The results of this work are promising for investigating the habitability of Mars and other rocky planets that lack an atmosphere capable of attenuating UV radiation.
Principal component analysis of collective flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Liu Ziming , Zhao Wenbin , Song Huichao
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we implement principal component analysis (PCA) to study the single particle distributions generated from thousands of $$\mathtt {VISH2+1}$$VISH2+1 hydrodynamic simulations with an aim to explore if a machine could directly discover flow from the huge amount of data without explicit instructions from human-beings. We found that the obtained PCA eigenvectors are similar to but not identical with the traditional Fourier bases. Correspondingly, the PCA defined flow harmonics $$v_n^\prime $$vn′ are also similar to the traditional $$v_n$$vn for $$n=2$$n=2 and 3, but largely deviated from the Fourier ones for $$n\ge 4$$n≥4. A further study on the symmetric cumulants and the Pearson coefficients indicates that mode-coupling effects are reduced for these flow harmonics defined by PCA.
High latitude meteoric
δ
18
O compositions from the Cenomanian Bastion Ridge Formation, Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago: a palaeoclimate proxy from the Sverdrup Basin
Authors: Ross Jeffrey B. , Ludvigson G. A. , Schröder-Adams C. J. , Suarez M. B.
Published: October 2019

Stable isotope analyses of a siderite-cemented siltstone from the Cenomanian Bastion Ridge Formation, Axel Heiberg Island, Canada, produce a range of
δ
18
O values from −21.9 to −18.4‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB), and
δ
13
C values ranging from 2.0 to 4.4‰ VPDB. A meteoric siderite line of −18.95 ± 0.33‰ VPDB is calculated from siderite cements of the authigenic component. At estimated palaeolatitude of 68–72° N and palaeotemperature range from 12.6 to 13.7°C, the calculated
δ
18
O range of palaeoprecipitation is −23.3 to −23.0‰ Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW). This result is compatible with other published meteoric water
δ
18
O datasets from Cretaceous Arctic studies, but is near the lower end of the range of estimated
δ
18
O values. The modern
δ
18
O empirical relationship of Dansgaard and Earth System models simulating meteoric
δ
18
O values does not yield results for palaeopolar regions that match proxy
δ
18
O datasets. Orographic effects of contemporaneous mountain belts and seasonal biases in groundwater recharge have been proposed to explain this paradox regarding depleted meteoric water
δ
18
O values from proxy data in greenhouse worlds. Evidence for local to regional orographic effects and alpine snowmelt biasing groundwater recharge is lacking for the Sverdrup Basin deposits, further indicating that the Dansgaard relationship does not apply to ancient greenhouse worlds.
Language and Discrimination: Generating Meaning, Perceiving Identities, and Discriminating Outcomes
Authors: Craft Justin T. , Wright Kelly E. , Weissler Rachel Elizabeth , Queen Robin M.
Published: October 2019

Humans are remarkably efficient at parsing basic linguistic cues and show an equally impressive ability to produce and parse socially indexed cues from the language(s) they encounter. In this review, we focus on the ways in which questions of justice and equality are linked to these two abilities. We discuss how social and linguistic cues are theorized to become correlated with each other, describe listeners' perceptual abilities regarding linguistic and social cognition, and address how, in the context of these abilities, language mediates individuals’ negotiations with institutions and their agents—negotiations that often lead to discrimination or linguistic injustice. We review research that reports inequitable outcomes as a function of language use across education, employment, media, justice systems, housing markets, and health care institutions. Finally, we present paths forward for linguists to help fight against these discriminatory realities.
The anterior gradient-2 interactome
Authors: Delom Frederic , Mohtar M. Aiman , Hupp Ted , Fessart Delphine
Published: October 2019

The anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein belonging to the protein disulfide isomerase family that mediates the formation of disulfide bonds and assists the protein quality control in the ER. In addition to its role in proteostasis, extracellular AGR2 is responsible for various cellular effects in many types of cancer, including cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Various OMICs approaches have been used to identify AGR2 binding partners and to investigate the functions of AGR2 in the ER and outside the cell. Emerging data showed that AGR2 exists not only as monomer, but it can also form homodimeric structure and thus interact with different partners, yielding different biological outcomes. In this review, we summarize the AGR2 “interactome” and discuss the pathological and physiological role of such AGR2 interactions.
Liver-derived IGF-I is not required for protection against osteoarthritis in male mice
Authors: Törnqvist Anna E. , Sophocleous Antonia , Ralston Stuart H. , Ohlsson Claes , Svensson Johan
Published: October 2019

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is anabolic for cartilage and important for cartilage integrity, which might suggest a connection between IGF-I and osteoarthritis (OA) development. However, the results of studies performed so far are conflicting, and we aimed to clarify the role of endocrine IGF-I in rodent OA. Male mice with inducible inactivation of circulating, liver-derived IGF-I (LI-IGF-I−/− mice, serum IGF-I reduced by ~80%) were used. Experimental OA was induced in young adult LI-IGF-I−/− and control mice by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM); age-related OA was also evaluated in 1-yr-old mice. DMM-operated LI-IGF-I−/− mice had thinner lateral subchondral bone plate in tibia compared with control mice, whereas osteophyte volume and articular cartilage damage were unaffected at the medial side of the DMM knee. However, the control mice but not the LI-IGF-I−/− mice also developed mild OA on the lateral side of the DMM knee compared with the unoperated knee. One-year-old LI-IGF-I−/− mice had lower mid-diaphyseal cortical bone area than the 1-yr-old control mice, whereas analyses of joint tissues displayed smaller osteophyte volume and thicker calcified cartilage than the control mice. There was no difference in OA severity in the articular cartilage between old LI-IGF-I−/− and control mice. Our study is the first to investigate whether there is an association between circulating IGF-I and OA in mice. We conclude that, although there is an ~80% reduction of circulating IGF-I and a decrease in cortical bone in male LI-IGF-I−/− mice, cartilage damage is clearly not intensified and may instead be slightly reduced.
Differential vasomotor responses to isocapnic hyperoxia: cerebral versus peripheral circulation
Authors: Mattos João D. , Campos Monique O. , Rocha Marcos P. , Mansur Daniel E. , Rocha Helena N. M. , Garcia Vinicius P. , Rocha Natalia G. , Alvares Thiago S. , Secher Niels H. , Nóbrega Antonio C. L. , Fernandes Igor A.
Published: October 2019

Isocapnic hyperoxia (IH) evokes cerebral and peripheral hypoperfusion via both disturbance of redox homeostasis and reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. However, it is not clear whether the magnitude of the vasomotor responses depends on the vessel network exposed to IH. To test the hypothesis that the magnitude of IH-induced reduction in peripheral blood flow (BF) may differ from the hypoperfusion response observed in the cerebral vascular network under oxygen-enriched conditions, nine healthy men (25 ± 3 yr, mean ± SD) underwent 10 min of IH during either saline or vitamin C (3 g) infusion, separately. Femoral artery (FA), internal carotid artery (ICA), and vertebral artery (VA) BF (Doppler ultrasound), as well as arterial oxidant (8-isoprostane), antioxidant [ascorbic acid (AA)], and NO bioavailability (nitrite) markers were simultaneously measured. IH increased 8-isoprostane levels and reduced nitrite levels; these responses were followed by a reduction in both FA BF and ICA BF, whereas VA BF did not change. Absolute and relative reductions in FA BF were greater than IH-induced changes in ICA and VA perfusion. Vitamin C infusion increased arterial AA levels and abolished the IH-induced increase in 8-isoprostane levels and reduction in nitrite levels. Whereas ICA and VA BF did not change during the vitamin C-IH trial, FA perfusion increased and reached similar levels to those observed during normoxia with saline infusion. Therefore, the magnitude of IH-induced reduction in femoral blood flow is greater than that observed in the vessel network of the brain, which might involve the determinant contribution that NO has in the regulation of peripheral vascular perfusion.
StartReact effects are dependent on engagement of startle reflex circuits: support for a subcortically mediated initiation pathway
Authors: Smith Victoria , Maslovat Dana , Carlsen Anthony N.
Published: October 2019

The “StartReact” effect refers to the rapid involuntary triggering of a prepared movement in response to a loud startling acoustic stimulus (SAS). This effect is typically confirmed by the presence of short-latency electromyographic activity in startle reflex-related muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid (SCM); however, there is debate regarding the specific neural pathways involved in the StartReact effect. Some research has implicated a subcortically mediated pathway, which would predict different response latencies depending on the presence of a startle reflex. Alternatively, other research has suggested that this effect involves the same pathways responsible for voluntary response initiation and simply reflects higher preparatory activation levels, and thus faster voluntary initiation. To distinguish between these competing hypotheses, the present study assessed preparation level during a simple reaction time (RT) task involving wrist extension in response to a control tone or a SAS. Premotor RT and startle circuitry engagement (as measured by SCM activation) were determined for each trial. Additionally, preparation level at the go signal on each trial was measured using motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Results showed that SAS trial RTs were significantly shorter ( P = 0.009) in the presence of startle-related SCM activity. Nevertheless, preparation levels (as indexed by MEP amplitude) were statistically equivalent between trials with and without SCM activation. These results indicate that the StartReact effect relates to engagement of the startle reflex circuitry rather than simply being a result of an increased level of preparatory activation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The neural mechanism underlying the early triggering of goal-directed actions by a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is unclear. We show that although significant reaction time differences were evident depending on whether the SAS elicited a startle reflex, motor preparatory activation was the same. Thus, in a highly prepared state, the short-latency responses associated with the StartReact effect appear to be related to engagement of startle reflex circuitry, not differences in motor preparatory level.
Management of Pipkin Fractures Using a Safe Surgical Hip Dislocation
Authors: Henriques Rita , Ramalho Diogo , Soares do Brito Joaquim , Rocha Pedro , Spranger André , Almeida Paulo
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Pipkin fractures are rare events and usually occur as a consequence for high-energy trauma. Surgery to obtain anatomical reduction and fixation is the mainstay treatment for the majority of these injuries; nonetheless, controversy exists regarding the best surgical approach. Description of the Case. We present the case of a 41-year-old male, which sustained a type II Pipkin fracture following a motorcycle accident. In the emergency department, an emergent closed reduction was performed, followed by surgery five days later. Using a surgical hip dislocation, a successful anatomical reduction and fixation was performed. After three years of follow-up, the patient presented with a normal range of motion, absent signs for avascular necrosis or posttraumatic arthritis, but with a grade II heterotopic ossification. Discussion. Safe surgical hip dislocation allows full access to the femoral head and acetabulum, without increasing the risk for a femoral head avascular necrosis or posttraumatic arthritis. Simultaneously, this surgical approach gives the opportunity to repair associated acetabular or labral lesions, which explains the growing popularity with this technique. Conclusion. Although technically demanding, safe surgical hip dislocation represents an excellent option in the reduction and fixation for Pipkin fractures.
Risedronate Attenuates Podocyte Injury in Phosphate Transporter-Overexpressing Rats
Authors: Asada Yohei , Takayanagi Takeshi , Kawakami Tsukasa , Tomatsu Eisuke , Masuda Atsushi , Yoshino Yasumasa , Sekiguchi-Ueda Sahoko , Shibata Megumi , Ide Tomihiko , Niimi Hajime , Yaoita Eishin , Seino Yusuke , Sugimura Yoshihisa , Suzuki Atsushi
Published: October 2019

Osteoporosis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are becoming common in our superaging society. Renal dysfunction causes phosphorus accumulation in the circulating plasma and leads to the development of CKD-mineral bone disorder (MBD). We have previously reported that type III Pi transporter-overexpressing transgenic (Pit-1 TG) rats manifest phosphate (Pi)-dependent podocyte injury. In the present study, we explored the effect of risedronate on Pi-induced podocyte injuryin vivo. Pit-1 TG rats and wild-type rats at 5 weeks old were divided into a risedronate-treated group and an untreated group. We subcutaneously administered 5 μg/kg body weight of risedronate or saline twice a week during the experimental period. Risedronate did not alter serum creatinine levels at 5, 8, and 12 weeks of age. However, electron microscopy images showed that thickening of the glomerular basement membrane was improved in the risedronate treatment group. Furthermore, immunostaining for podocyte injury markers revealed that both desmin- and connexin43-positive areas were smaller in the risedronate-treated group than in the untreated group, suggesting that bisphosphonates could rescue Pi-induced podocyte injury. In conclusion, our findings suggest that risedronate could maintain glomerular barrier function by rescuing Pi-induced podocyte injury.
Identification and Characterization of Key Chemical Constituents in Processed Gastrodia elata Using UHPLC-MS/MS and Chemometric Methods
Authors: Ye Xide , Wang Yanhong , Zhao Jianping , Wang Mei , Avula Bharathi , Peng Qiaozhen , Ouyang Hui , Lingyun Zhong , Zhang Jinlian , Khan Ikhlas A.
Published: October 2019

Gastrodia elata Blume belongs to the Orchidaceae family. G. elata is often processed when used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In the current study, a traditional processing method, known as “Jianchang Bang,” was applied. Steamed and dried (S&D) G. elata was processed with ginger juice for up to 5 days (GEP5D). An UHPLC-MS/MS combined with a chemometric method was developed for the analysis of processed G. elata along with the raw material as well as steamed and dried G. elata. As a result, the primary marker compounds were identified with the aid of TOF-MS and MS/MS analyses. Compared with the raw material of G. elata with GEP5D, three new parishin-type compounds were identified according to their retention time, accurate mass, and fragmentation patterns. The chromatographic peak areas for marker compounds, including S-(gastrodin)-glutathione, S-(4-hydroxybenzylamine)-glutathione, and parishin-type compounds, changed significantly. This result indicated that by applying the “Jianchang Bang” method, changes in chemical composition in G. elata contents were observed. The study also demonstrated that chemometric analysis is helpful in understanding the processing mechanism and will provide scientific support for the clinical application of G. elata.
Richness of Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a Forest Remnant in a Transition Region of Eastern Amazonia
Authors: Ferreira Luciano André Chaves , Martins Denilson Costa , Rêgo Márcia Maria Corrêa , Albuquerque Patrícia Maia Correia de
Published: October 2019

Eastern Amazonia is an area with great biological diversity that has suffered rapid deforestation and forest fragmentation over the years. Because of the scarcity of data on the fauna and flora, the northwest of the state of Maranhão has become a priority area for studies that seek to gain a better understanding of bee fauna. Between August 2013 and December 2014, in collections at two-month intervals, a total of 1047 bees belonging to 70 species were collected using two methods (an insect net and scent-baited traps). Apinae was the most abundant subfamily and had the greatest species richness (63 species and 1039 individuals); the most notable tribes in this subfamily were Meliponini (20 species and 445 individuals) and Euglossini (24 species and 452 individuals). In all, 62.8% of the total richness was sampled with an insect net and 34.2% with bait traps. Bees were present in every collection month, and August and December were the months with the greatest richness and abundance, respectively. Although the species accumulation curve did not stabilize, the results were positive as three new species were recorded for the Maranhão state: Bombus transversalis (Olivier, 1789); Xylocopa suspecta Moure and Camargo, 1988; and Xylocopa macrops Lepeletier, 1841, and eleven for the Amazonian region of the state.
Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Persistent Submacular Fluid after Successful Repair of Diabetic Tractional Retinal Detachment
Authors: Jung Byung Ju , Jeon Sohee , Lee Kook , Baek Jiwon , Lee Won Ki
Published: October 2019

This study is for reporting the outcomes of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on persistent submacular fluid (PSF) after otherwise successful pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD). In this retrospective case series, five consecutive patients (5 eyes) who exhibited PSF following successful repair of diabetic TRD were included. The second operation was performed to remove ILM. The area of ILM peeling was expanded up to the major vascular arcade. Only air tamponade was used. The median interval between the first PPV and the second PPV with ILM peeling was 4.8 months (range: 4–6 months). PSF resolved completely within one (2 eyes) or 2 months after ILM peeling. The median logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was improved from 1.00 (Snellen equivalent 20/200) to 0.70 (Snellen equivalent 20/100). In conclusion, wide ILM peeling is an effective treatment option for PSF subsequent to successful repair of diabetic TRD. ILM peeling might increase the elasticity of retina, thereby allowing the retina to flatten. This procedure can induce faster retinal reattachment in diabetic TRD involving the macula.
Misdiagnosed Tooth Aspiration in a Young Handicapped Boy: Case Report and Recommendations
Authors: Canceill Thibault , Esclassan Rémi , Marty Mathieu , Valera Marie-Cécile , Trzaskawka-Moulis Estelle , Noirrit-Esclassan Emmanuelle
Published: October 2019

Tooth inhalation remains a rare incident but it may occur during dental care, especially in children. We report here the case of a four-year-old boy with Down syndrome who came to the hospital after a dental trauma. During the extraction procedure, he aspired his maxillary incisor without presenting any signs of respiratory distress and was discharged by the surgical team, who thought that he had swallowed the tooth. Three weeks later, he was admitted to the emergency service because of a pulmonary infection. Two endoscopy interventions under general anesthesia were necessary to recover the foreign body inside the left lung. Because of the multiple symptoms associated with the trisomy 21 syndrome (general hypotonia, impaired immunity, etc.), practitioners should be very mindful of aspiration risks and complications during dental care. The systematic prescription of lung radiography would prevent the onset of pulmonary infections and enable an earlier intervention.
Tai Chi Chuan Exercise Improves Lung Function and Asthma Control through Immune Regulation in Childhood Asthma
Authors: Liao Pei-Chun , Lin Han-Hong , Chiang Bor-Luen , Lee Jyh-Hong , Yu Hsin-Hui , Lin Yu-Tsan , Yang Yao-Hsu , Li Pei-Yi , Wang Li-Chieh , Sun Wei-Zen
Published: October 2019

Background. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is an exercise of low to moderate intensity with key features of mindfulness, structural alignment, and flexibility to relax the body and mind in adults. Our previous study showed that TCC could improve the quality of life (QoL), pulmonary function, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic children. We further investigated whether the benefits induced by TCC were associated with immune regulation. Method. Six- to twelve-year-old children diagnosed with mild to severe persistent asthma for at least one year according to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines were enrolled from a tertiary pediatric allergy center in Taiwan. Asthmatic children were divided into two groups based on their choice: (1) the TCC group had a 60-minute TCC exercise session once weekly led by an instructor and (2) the control group kept their original activity levels. All other exercises were encouraged as usual. Pulmonary function tests, laboratory tests, standardized pediatric asthma QoL questionnaire (PAQLQ(S)), and childhood asthma control test (C-ACT) were performed before and after the TCC program (12 weeks). Data on medications and exacerbations were collected from medical records. Results. There were no differences between the TCC (n = 25) and control (n = 15) groups at baseline, except that the C-ACT showed significantly lower results in the TCC group (p=0.045). After 12 weeks, the number of leukocytes (p=0.041) and eosinophils (p=0.022) decreased, while regulatory T cells increased significantly (p=0.008) only in the TCC group. Lung functions (FEV1 and PEFR) were significantly improved in both the TCC (p<0.001) and control (p=0.045 and 0.019, respectively) groups, while the PAQLQ(S) and C-ACT (p<0.001) showed improvement only in the TCC group. Moreover, compared to the control group, the exacerbations within 12 weeks after the study were significantly decreased in the TCC group (p=0.031). After multiple regression by a conditional forward method, the factors that were significantly associated with exacerbation within 12 weeks after study is the practice of TCC and exacerbation within 24 weeks before study (p=0.013 and 0.015, respectively) after adjusting for age, sex, asthma severity, PEF, FEV1, C-ACT, PAQLQ(S), and medication score at baseline. Conclusion. TCC exercise may improve pulmonary functions, asthma control, and QoL and prevent exacerbations in asthmatic children through immune regulation. Further research on detailed mechanisms is mandated.
A Phase I Study of LY3009120, a Pan-RAF Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Sullivan Ryan J. , Hollebecque Antoine , Flaherty Keith T. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Rodon Ahnert Jordi , Millward Michael J. , Zhang Wei , Gao Ling , Sykes Amanda , Willard Melinda D. , Yu Danni , Schade Andrew E. , Crowe KrisAnne , Flynn Daniel L. , Kaufman Michael D. , Henry James R. , Peng Sheng-Bin , Benhadji Karim A. , Conti Ilaria , Gordon Michael S. , Tiu Ramon V. , Hong David S.
Published: October 2019

Mutations in ERK signaling drive a significant percentage of malignancies. LY3009120, a pan-RAF and dimer inhibitor, has preclinical activity in RAS- and BRAF-mutated cell lines including BRAF-mutant melanoma resistant to BRAF inhibitors. This multicenter, open-label, phase I clinical trial (NCT02014116) consisted of part A (dose escalation) and part B (dose confirmation) in patients with advanced/metastatic cancer. In part A, oral LY3009120 was dose escalated from 50 to 700 mg twice a day on a 28-day cycle. In part B, 300 mg LY3009120 was given twice a day. The primary objective was to identify a recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives were to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy. Identification of pharmacodynamic biomarkers was exploratory. In parts A and B, 35 and 16 patients were treated, respectively (N = 51). In part A, 6 patients experienced eight dose-limiting toxicities. The RP2D was 300 mg twice a day. Common (>10%) any-grade drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events were fatigue (n = 15), nausea (n = 12), dermatitis acneiform (n = 10), decreased appetite (n = 7), and maculopapular rash (n = 7). The median duration of treatment was 4 weeks; 84% of patients completed one or two cycles of treatment. Exposures observed at 300 mg twice a day were above the preclinical concentration associated with tumor regression. Eight patients had a best overall response of stable disease; there were no complete or partial clinical responses. Despite adequate plasma exposure levels, predicted pharmacodynamic effects were not observed.
Treatment of Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japan: Position of Curative Therapies
Authors: Kariyama Kazuya , Nouso Kazuhiro , Wakuta Akiko , Oonishi Ayano , Toyoda Hidenori , Tada Toshifumi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tsuji Kunihiko , Itobayashi Ei , Ishikawa Toru , Takaguchi Koichi , Tsutsui Akemi , Shimada Noritomo , Kumada Takashi ,   on behalf of the Real-Life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group and HCC 48 Group (Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experts from 48 Clinics)
Published: October 2019

Background: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard therapy for intermediate-stage (IM) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, IM-HCC includes various clinical conditions, and various therapies were conducted in practice. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the actually conducted treatments for IM-HCC and their efficacies to elucidate the treatment strategies suitable for IM-HCC. Methods: This study included 627 IM-HCC of 5,260 HCC from 9 hospitals. We examined the treatment strategies of these patients and analyzed the efficacy of each therapy with the Cox proportional hazard model and propensity score-matched analysis. Results: Liver resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and TACE were performed in 165, 108, and 351 patients, respectively. Liver resection and RFA were preferably selected in cases of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-B1/B2, and patient survival was significantly longer than in those treated with TACE (p< 0.0001). However, no beneficial effect of these active therapies was observed in cases of BCLC-B3/B4. Multivariate analysis revealed that surgical resection (hazard ratio = 0.384) and RFA (hazard ratio = 0.597) were negative risk factors for survival. Propensity score-matching analysis revealed that ­survival of RFA-treated patients was longer than that of TACE-treated patients (p = 0.036). Conclusion: RFA and surgical resection were effective for IM-HCC, particularly in BCLC-B1/B2 cases.
Efficacy of Oral Nicorandil to Prevent Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Chronic Renal Dysfunction Undergoing an Elective Coronary Procedure
Authors: Fan Zeyuan , Li Yang , Ji Hanhua , Jian Xinwen
Published: October 2019

Objectives: This prospective, randomized study was to investigate the role of nicorandil in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with chronic renal dysfunction undergoing an elective coronary procedure. Methods: A total of 252 eligible patients were enrolled in this study and allocated into the control group (n = 125) or nicorandil group (n = 127). Both groups received the standard hydration treatment, and patients in the nicorandil group were orally administrated 10 mg of nicorandil (t.i.d.) beginning 2 days before and continuing for 2 days after an elective coronary procedure. Serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (CysC) were measured at 24 h before and 24, 48, and 72 h after the procedure. The occurrences of CIN and adverse events within 1 year were recorded. Results: The nicorandil group had relatively lower SCr and CysC levels and a higher eGFR at 24 and 48 h after the procedure than the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of CIN was significantly decreased in the nicorandil group compared to the control group. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that nicorandil treatment was an independent protective factor for CIN (OR 0.669, 95% CI 0.522–0.857, p = 0.001). The multivariate COX proportional hazard model showed that nicorandil treatment was an independent protective predictor for adverse events (HR 0.881, 95% CI 0.781–0.993, p = 0.037). Conclusions: Nicorandil could exhibit a protective effect against CIN in patients with chronic renal dysfunction undergoing an elective coronary procedure and reduce the adverse events within 1 year after the procedure, which is superior to hydration treatment only.
A Novel Polymorphism (rs35612982) in CDKAL1 Is a Risk Factor of Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Tian Yanni , Xu Jing , Huang Ting , Cui Jiaqi , Zhang Wei , Song Wei , Chen Huan , Huang Pan , Yang Shujun , Wang Lu , He Xin , Wang Lin , Cui Wei
Published: October 2019

Background: The interaction of environmental factors and genetic factors may contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to investigate whether age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors have an effect on the association between the CDKAL1 polymorphisms and T2D. Methods: Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms in CDKAL1 were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY in 508 T2D patients and 503 controls. The association between the CDKAL1 polymorphisms and T2D was evaluated using logistic regression model by calculating OR and 95% CIs. Results: We found a significant association between CDKAL1 polymorphisms (rs4712523, OR 1.42, p = 9.44 × 10–5; rs4712524, OR 1.38, p = 3.28 × 10–4; rs10946398, OR 1.43, p = 6.21 × 10–5; rs7754840, OR 1.43, p = 6.33 × 10–5; rs35612982, OR 1.34, p = 0.0010; and rs10440833, OR 1.32, p = 0.0018) and T2D risk among the Han population from Northwest China. We also found that genetic variants of CDKAL1 could modify the risk of T2D that might be influenced by age, BMI and the status of smoking and drinking. Besides, rs35612982-CT (p = 0.038) and rs10440833-AT (p = 0.044) genotypes were higher insulin level. Conclusion: CDKAL1 rs35612982 (C/T) polymorphism, as a new polymorphism, was associated with the increased risk of T2D in the Han Chinese population. Moreover, the contribution of CDKAL1 polymorphisms to T2D risk seems to be associated with age, gender, BMI, smoking and drinking.