bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Impacts and Energy Efficiency of Smart Housing in Smart City Initiatives
Authors: Guzueva E.R. , Kulpeiis Y.A. , Smagulova K.K.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the socio-economic impact of smart housing, emphasizing energy consumption efficiency within Smart City initiatives. Through a comprehensive analysis incorporating data collection, computational modelling in the Wolfram Language, and comparative studies, the research highlights how smart housing – equipped with IoT devices, artificial intelligence, and energy management systems – significantly enhances energy efficiency compared to traditional housing. The findings reveal that smart housing not only reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions but also promotes economic savings and improves quality of life. Despite challenges such as technological adoption barriers and the digital divide, effective management strategies and policy support are identified as key enablers. This research contributes valuable insights into the role of smart housing in advancing sustainable urban development, demonstrating its potential to reshape urban living for a more sustainable and inclusive future.
Impact of Biomimicry on the Economics of Green Construction: Cost Reductions and Increased Sustainability
Authors: Allahverdiev Elnur Gar , Baysaeva Malika , Chigvintseva Ilmira
Published: November 2024

The pursuit of agricultural innovation must harmonize with the imperative of environmental sustainability, particularly in the context of climate protection. This paper explores the intricate interplay between legal regulations and the promotion of agricultural innovation while ensuring ecological balance. Drawing on a comprehensive review of existing legal frameworks and emerging challenges, this study highlights the need for robust regulatory mechanisms that promote agricultural innovation without compromising environmental integrity. Key areas of focus include intellectual property rights protection, liability issues related to new technologies such as drones, and the integration of renewable energy sources in rural areas. Moreover, the paper delves into the complexities of reconciling innovation-driven agricultural practices with climate protection goals. It examines the role of legal regulations in incentivizing sustainable farming methods, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and preserving natural ecosystems. Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing legal, environmental, and agricultural perspectives, this study aims to provide insights into the development of effective legal frameworks that foster agricultural innovation while advancing environmental sustainability and climate resilience.
Comparing Variations of the Greedy Strategy to Find the Optimal Sugar Beet Processing Schedule
Authors: Egamov Albert I. , Ryabova Elena A.
Published: November 2024

The article presents a mathematical model of sugar beet processing and finding the optimal schedule for this processing. Such task, with fully known data, reduces to a well-known assignment problem. However, in many applied problems of discrete optimization, it is not possible to use classical methods to find a solution in practice. This happens as a result of the fact that when setting the task at the initial moment of time, there is no complete information about some data. For example, in the assignment problem, information about the matrix on the basis of which the objective function is constructed may be incomplete. As a result, in practice it is necessary to search for heuristic algorithms for various possible situations. In particular, the greedy algorithm, as well as its various variations, claims to be such an algorithm. Computational experiment is being conducted that allows us to understand which of the variations of the greedy algorithm give an acceptable result when building an optimal schedule strategy for processing sugar beet batches.
Identification of prevalence and degree of infection of paramphistomatosis of cattle according to the age: Case of districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan
Authors: Bazarbayeva Aynura , Kalenderov Azat
Published: November 2024

According to our research, the ecological situation in Karakalpakstan has gotten worse recently. This includes the Aral Sea tragedy, the drying up of many lakes due to droughts, the loss of most of the natural gastrotilax foci, as well as other paramphistomata like P.ichikawae and rare cases of L.scotiae. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of paramphistomatosis in cattle across different districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and to evaluate the infection's impact based on the animals' age. Research was conducted in the districts of Tortkul, Amudarya, Ellikkala, and Beruni. Methods included helmintoovoscopic examination of dung samples from 478 cattle and comprehensive helminthological dissection of 40 cattle. Results indicated an average infection rate of 3.9%, with the highest prevalence in Amudarya district (5.5%) and the lowest in Tortkul district (3.3%). Age-wise, infection rates were 3.5% in calves (6-12 months), 3.7% in young cattle (1-2 years), and 2.5% in older cattle (2 years and older). The study concluded that paramphistomatosis is a significant issue in Karakalpakstan, with notable age and regional variations. The Amudarya district, with more natural freshwater mollusc biotopes, exhibited a higher prevalence, suggesting a correlation between mollusc populations and infection rates.
Environmental management in the era of digitalization: Opportunities and challenges for green technologies
Authors: Amirova Elmira , Garbuzova Taisiya , Gazieva Laila
Published: November 2024

In the era of digitalization, environmental management stands at a crossroads, poised to benefit profoundly from the integration of green technologies. This research explores the transformative potential of digital tools such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain in enhancing sustainability practices. By leveraging AI for predictive analytics, utilizing IoT for real-time environmental monitoring, and employing blockchain for supply chain transparency, significant opportunities arise for optimizing resource use and reducing ecological footprints. However, challenges including the digital divide, high initial costs, data privacy concerns, and the energy consumption of digital technologies themselves pose substantial barriers. Through a mixed- methods approach, this study identifies strategies to address these challenges, emphasizing the need for robust regulatory frameworks and global collaboration. The findings underscore the critical balance between harnessing technological advancements and mitigating their environmental impacts, offering a roadmap for integrating digitalization into sustainable environmental management.
Ecological and economic competitiveness urbanized territories: Conditions and results
Authors: Gishkaeva Leila , Azieva Raisa
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of the development processes of modern urbanization. The peculiarities of development of urbanized territories leading to environmental pollution and further to its degradation are highlighted. It is determined that scientifically grounded landscaping of urbanized environment leads to the growth of the quality of life of the local population, forms an attractive image for the city, thus contributing to the sustainable development of these territories. It is noted that the main task of “green infrastructure” is to level the negative anthropogenic impact and the fullest disclosure of the ecological and natural potential of the urban environment. Some physiological and ecological features of green spaces that determine their important role in the greening of urbanized areas have been studied. It is also noted that ecologically sound approach due to the growth of ecological and economic competitiveness of the territory in the creation and operation of urban green spaces can give the municipal budget additional funds.
Research on the impact of climate change on reproductive health in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Kardanova Madina , Arsakhanova Gaina , Kakiyeva Iman
Published: November 2024

Reproductive health and family planning play pivotal roles in sustainable development by addressing various socio-economic and environmental challenges. This abstract explores the intersection of reproductive health and family planning with sustainable development goals. Access to reproductive health services, including family planning, contributes to achieving sustainable development by empowering individuals, particularly women, to make informed choices about their reproductive lives. By enabling individuals to plan the timing and spacing of pregnancies, family planning promotes maternal and child health, reduces maternal mortality, and fosters healthier families. Furthermore, family planning has broader implications for sustainable development beyond health outcomes. It facilitates poverty reduction by empowering women to pursue education and employment opportunities, leading to increased household income and economic stability. Moreover, smaller family sizes resulting from effective family planning contribute to environmental sustainability by mitigating population pressure on natural resources and ecosystems. However, barriers to reproductive health services and family planning persist, particularly in marginalized communities and low-income countries. Addressing these barriers requires a multi-sectoral approach that integrates reproductive health into broader development agendas, ensures access to comprehensive reproductive health services, and promotes gender equality and women's rights.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Heart Disease: Analysis of Trends and Strategies for Improving Population Health
Authors: Bataev Khizir , Sarbasheva Zuhura , Khasenova Kalima
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the influence of socioeconomic factors on cardiovascular diseases in order to identify trends and strategies for improving population health. Cardiovascular disease remains a significant public health problem worldwide, and its prevalence varies according to various socioeconomic determinants. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and statistics, the article examines the relationship between socioeconomic factors such as income, education, employment, and access to health care and the occurrence and consequences of cardiovascular disease. In addition, changing trends in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among different demographic groups and geographic regions are examined. The findings highlight the important role of socioeconomic factors in shaping inequalities in the burden of cardiovascular disease and highlight the importance of targeted interventions and policies to address these inequalities. By understanding the complex interaction between social status and cardiovascular disease, health systems and policymakers can develop more effective strategies to promote cardiovascular health and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in populations around the world.
The environmental impact of health care: Environmental Sustainability in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Arsakhanova Gaina , Odarchenko Dmitry , Khamchiev Kureysh
Published: November 2024

Orthopaedic surgery, while crucial for improving patients' quality of life, can also have a significant environmental impact. This paper explores the concept of environmental sustainability in orthopaedic surgery, focusing on the environmental footprint of materials, energy usage, waste generation, and overall practices within orthopaedic operating rooms and clinics. It examines various strategies for promoting sustainability in orthopaedic surgery, including material selection for implants, reducing carbon emissions, conducting life cycle assessments, implementing eco-friendly practices in operating rooms, and advocating for green initiatives within the orthopaedic community. By addressing these environmental concerns, orthopaedic surgery can contribute to broader efforts towards environmental sustainability in healthcare while continuing to provide high-quality patient care.
Problems of economic security and service infrastructure in the digital economy
Authors: Shaytura Sergey , Shaytura Natalya , Zharov Vasily , Shukenbaeva Nailya , Belyu Liudmila
Published: November 2024

The work is devoted to the analysis of the risks of threats to the economic security of the service infrastructure. Algorithms for solving these problems affect the totality of interaction between economic, technical, organizational, and managerial relations in the service infrastructure. The article shows that the economic activities of service infrastructure enterprises cover a significant area of public relations related to the development, production, and provision of various types of services for individuals and legal entities. The paper highlights one of the key features of the service infrastructure in the economy — its diversified structure. The article examines a number of potential causes of possible threats to economic security in relation to the area under consideration. The article shows that the purpose of ensuring the economic security of the service infrastructure is to minimize the impact of external and internal threats with institutional, economic, technological, and social causes. To assess the impact of possible risks to the economic security of the service infrastructure, the authors propose to use a system-technical model built using a service-digital approach, which provides an optimal algorithm for searching for potential economic security problems. The application of the proposed methodology allows to determine in practice the most significant risks for a particular enterprise of the service infrastructure, which in certain conditions can turn into threats. The model allows to find solutions to reduce the level of danger from identified risks and threats.
ECCD studies for EU-DEMO plasmas
Authors: Poli Emanuele , Figini Lorenzo , Fable Emiliano , Siccinio Mattia , Snicker Antti , Wu Chuanren , Zohm Hartmut
Published: November 2024

The possibility of driving a large fraction of the plasma current in a tokamak reactor employing electron cyclotron waves is investigated for scenarios as envisaged in the European DEMO through beam tracing calculations performed with the TORBEAM code, which assumes a linear regime for power absorption and employs an adjoint method for the determination of the driven current. Comparatively high ECCD efficiency in the inner half of the plasma column can be achieved by injecting the wave from an elevated position. On the other hand, the efficiency deteriorates in the colder, outer part of the plasma, so that a prohibitive amount of power would be needed to sustain the plasma current non-inductively by ECCD only in the considered scenarios. As an alternative scheme, the injection of slow extraordinary wave below the fundamental resonance is considered. The basic physics features of this scenario are discussed.
Towards absolutely calibrated ECE Michelson measurements in EC heated plasmas at W7-X
Authors: Oosterbeek Johan Willem , Stern Mathias , Chaudhary Neha , Arnaiz J.F. Guerrero , Hirsch Matthias , Kasparek Walter , Lechte Carsten , Plaum Burkhard , Schmuck Stefan , Stange Torsten , Steffen Matthias , Wolf R.C. ,   the W7-X team
Published: November 2024

A Michelson Interferometer is in use at Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) to probe the Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) spectrum [1], [2], [3]. During the past operational campaign (OP2.1), 2nd and 3rd harmonic ECE power density spectra have been routinely recorded in the presence of X2and O2-mode Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH). However, combination of the particular notch filter arrangement and high transmission line losses have thus far prevented overall calibration using a hot source cold source exposure at the input antenna. As an alternative, the response of the individual components is measured and summed. While reasonable numbers on electron temperature are obtained in X2-mode polarisation, interaction between front-end components is neglected and large error bars must be assumed. But the information on the individual components, together with synthetic modelling and data from experiment (OP2.1), has been used to design a new front-end with improved S/N. This optimisation is discussed in this paper with focus on notch filter selection, a new transmission line (Tx-line) and a novel combined quasi-optical taper / polarizer tuner.
Commissioning of MW class Gyrotron Test Facility at ITER-India & Demonstration of ITER relevant RF performance (1MW for 1000 s at 170 GHz)
Authors: Rao S.L. , Rathod Vipal , Sharma Anjali , Shah Ronak , Mandge Deepak , Dilip Sharan , Yadav Amit , Gajjar Sandip , Dave Rasesh , Upadhyay Dishang , Parmar Rajvi , Madeenavalli SHK , Mehta Kush , Gaur Vikas , Singh Azad Kumar , Rajnish Kumar , Singh N.P.
Published: November 2024

ITER-India, as a part of its in-kind commitments to ITER project, has a mandate to deliver two “Gyrotron” based RF Source sets with state-of-the-art specifications (170 GHz, 1MW, 1000 s), for ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating) applications. With an aim to bench mark the integrated system performance, a MW class Gyrotron Test Facility has been developed at ITER-India under Phase-1 of the project execution plan. The facility has been developed with all necessary auxiliary systems and services such as the Low Voltage and High Voltage Power Supplies; Control, Protection and Monitoring Systems; RF Diagnostic Systems; Cooling and Vacuum Services etc. Further, a test Gyrotron with ITER relevant specifications (1MW, 170 GHz, 1000s) along with a set of dummy loads and waveguide components have been procured from M/s. Gycom, Russia, and fully integrated with the test facility. Detailed Site Acceptance Tests of the Test Gyrotron have been conducted at the newly developed ITER-India Gyrotron Test Facility (IIGTF). An output RF power of 1MW at 170 GHz for 1000 s with RF efficiency of about 50% has been successfully demonstrated during these tests there by validating the ITER relevant performance
Compilation des propriétés physiques et mécaniques du sable de Fontainebleau NE34
Authors: Dano Christophe , Thorel Luc , Dupla Jean-Claude , Benahmed Nadia , Li Zheng
Published: November 2024

Le sable de Fontainebleau NE34 est un matériau de référence, en France, pour les essais de laboratoire et pour les modèles réduits en géotechnique (à 1×g ou en macro-gravité en centrifugeuse). Ses principales caractéristiques issues de la littérature sont synthétisées et ré-analysées. Après une revue de ses propriétés physiques (granulométrie, composition minéralogique, densités minimale et maximale, poids volumique des grains, forme des grains…), sont présentées ses propriétés de résistance au cisaillement obtenues sur différents essais (triaxial en compression et en extension ; cisaillement simple, direct ou annulaire), incluant le chargement cyclique et le frottement d’interface. La compressibilité, le facteur de pression des terres au repos, la perméabilité, les propriétés différées et de vieillissement, les propriétés thermiques sont aussi synthétisées. La déformabilité est également abordée via le module de cisaillement (bender elements, colonne résonnante, essai de centrifugation en champ libre), les coefficients de Poisson et d’amortissement.
Einfluss des Wetters auf den Schlaganfall
Authors: Treib Sebastian , Adler Werner , Gröschel Klaus , Binder Andreas , Treib Philipp , Morgenthaler Martin , Lohmann Lynn , Treib Johanna , Faßbender Klaus , Treib Johannes
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund Der Klimawandel betont die Notwendigkeit, den Einfluss des Wetters auf zerebrovaskuläre Ereignisse näher zu untersuchen. Die Studienergebnisse sind jedoch teilweise widersprüchlich. Mögliche Ursachen sind eine Studiendurchführung in unterschiedlichen Klimazonen sowie das Multiple Testproblem.

Methode 64 148 Schlaganfallpatienten wurden an den überregionalen Stroke Units in Homburg, Kaiserslautern, Mainz und Saarbrücken analysiert. Die korrespondierenden Wetterdaten wurden vom Deutschen Wetterdienst zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Beschreibung des Patientenkollektivs, der Abhängigkeit der Anzahl der Schlaganfälle von Wochentag/Monat/Jahreszeit sowie die Beschreibung des Zusammenhangs der verschiedenen Wetterfaktoren und Schlaganfälle erfolgt mittels deskriptiver Statistik. Die Bestimmung saisonaler Einflüsse wurde mittels konditionaler Poisson-Modelle innerhalb von Distributed Lag Linear/Non-Linear Models (DLM/DLNM) und einfachen Kruskal-Wallis Tests untersucht.

Ergebnisse An allen Standorten zeigte sich ein deutlicher Trend hin zu einer geringeren Schlaganfallwahrscheinlichkeit bei höheren Temperaturen. Eine hohe relative Luftfeuchtigkeit sowie Niederschlag erhöhten das Schlaganfallrisiko durchgängig zumindest tendenziell. Am Wochenende war die Schlaganfallrate an allen Standorten hochsignifikant niedriger.

Schlussfolgerung Die Analyse der Schlaganfalldaten von 4 vergleichbaren Krankenhäusern ist eine geeignete Methode zur Reduktion des Multiplen Testproblems. Das Schlaganfallrisiko wird durch höhere Temperaturen leicht gesenkt, während hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit und Niederschlag es geringgradig erhöhen. Der Einfluss des Wetters ist in Deutschland insgesamt niedriger als der Einfluss der Wochentage.
Muscle Forces and Articular Loading Following In Vitro Total Wrist Arthroplasty
Authors: Norman Elizabeth , Lalone Emily , Kadar Assaf , Suh Nina , Langohr G Daniel G.
Published: November 2024

Total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) is a surgical option for individuals with end-stage wrist arthritis; however, their longevity remains below that of the hip and the knee. The objective of this study was to examine the muscle forces and articular loading patterns following TWA to better understand possible failure modes. Eight cadaveric specimens underwent active motion simulation representing planar flexion–extension and planar radial/ulnar deviation in both intact and TWA reconstructed states using a custom load sensing TWA. Results showed that muscle forces for extensors increased post-TWA implantation when extending the joint, whereas the flexors remain relatively unchanged. In addition, the articular loading was greater during extension than during flexion and during ulnar deviation than during radial deviation. The increase in muscle forces and high carpal component loading postimplantation may contribute to decreased longevity and early failure of implants.
Valuing the 'neighbourhood': Responding to Racialised Post-War Development in Slave Island, Colombo
Authors: Basu Ipshita , Hettiarachchi Radhika
Published: November 2024

This article explores how Slave Island, a neighbourhood in Colombo, Sri Lanka, responds to upheaval in a context of post-war urban transformation that masks undertones of racialisation. Through life histories of Slave Island’s multigenerational residents, we offer fresh insights into how communities navigate the uncertainty and disruption of evictions, where besides material and economic infrastructure, communities repurpose differences and commonalities built on lineage and place-memory, to (re)negotiate their ‘borders’ as they interact with ‘outsiders’. By adapting the internal and external boundaries of their community and its members, they find creative methods of positioning themselves to access development dividends in how they understand and utilise notions of ‘value’—instrumental, commercial and intrinsic. In this way, we show that raced interventions are not simply experienced as subordination but are repurposed transactionally by affected communities for negotiating their agentive power over distribution of development dividends.
Charge quantization effects and the superconductivity of small particles
Authors: Kulik I. O. , Shekhter R. I.
Published: November 2024

The effects of charge quantization on the superconducting transition in small particles are considered. It is shown that the change in critical temperature Tc depends on the ratio of the characteristic electrostatic energy λ = e2/2 C (e is the electronic charge and C is the capacity of the particle) which shows the scale of the charge quantization effects to the critical temperature Tc0 of the bulk superconductor. As λ /Tc0 varies from zero to the value Tc/4–γ0 (lnγ0 is the Euler constant), the quantity Tc/Tc0 decreases from unity to zero. When λ /Tc0 > π/4γ0 there is no transition to a superconducting state. It is shown that in the two limiting cases λ /Tc ⪡ 1 and λ / Tc ⪢ 1 the superconducting transition is a second order phase transition. The effects of charge quantization on the fluctuation width of the superconducting transition are considered.
EPR spectra of KY(MoO4)2-KYb(MoO4)2 crystals with a low symmetry
Authors: Pshisukha A. M. , Zvyagin A. I. , Chernyi A. S.
Published: November 2024

The EPR spectra of isostructural rhombic KY(MoO4)2−KYb (MoO4)2 single crystals were measured at frequencies about 10 and 30 GHz over the 1.7−50°K temperature range. The spectrum for specimens containing diluted magnetic ions fits the description in terms of the Hamiltonian H=βHg^S+SA^J+JP^J with the tensor ĝ of rhombically symmetric hyperfine-structure and quadrupole interaction. The spectrum for crystals containing concentrated magnetic ions is, essentially, determined by the anisotropic dipole­dipole interaction. In parallel fields there appears a spectral band which peaks at a nonzero field intensity. The form of the resonant absorption band has been found to change at liquid-helium temperatures, depending on the shf generator power, which seems to be attributable to the particular characteristics of the relaxation processes.
Kinetic coefficients for electronic systems with paramagnetic impurities
Authors: Krasil’nikov V. V. , Yatsenko A. A.
Published: November 2024

Transport phenomena in a system of electrons interacting with paramagnetic impurities are considered. The effect of the phase transition related with ferromagnetic ordering of impurities on kinetic coefficients calculated in the second approximation with respect to the electron-impurity interaction is investigated. The effect of an external magnetic field on kinetic coefficients is also determined.
Hiding in plain sight: The prevalence and impact of trions and Fermi polarons in transient absorption spectroscopy experiments of 2D semiconductors
Authors: Austin Rachelle , Sayer Tom , Farah Yusef , Montoya-Castillo Andrés , Krummel Amber T. , Sambur Justin B.
Published: November 2024

Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is one of the most popular experimental methods to measure the excited state lifetimes and charge carrier recombination mechanisms in two dimensional (2D) semiconductors. This fundamental information is essential for designing and optimizing the next generation of ultrathin and lightweight 2D semiconductor-based optoelectronic devices. However, the interpretation of TA spectroscopy data varies across the community. The community lacks a unifying physical explanation for how and why experimental variables such as incident light intensity, sample-substrate interactions, and/or applied bias affect TA spectral data. This Perspective (1) compares the physical chemistry TA literature to nanomaterial physics literature from a historical perspective, (2) reviews multiple physical explanations that the TA community developed to explain spectral features and experimental trends, (3) provides a unifying explanation for how and why trions—and, more generally, Fermi polarons—contribute to TA spectra, and (4) quantifies the extent to which various physical interpretations and data analysis procedures yield different timescales and mechanisms for the same set of experimental results. We highlight the importance of considering trions/Fermi polarons in TA measurements and their implications for advancing our understanding of 2D material properties.
Directly measured electrocaloric heat in multilayer capacitors of lead scandium tantalate
Authors: Farenkov V. , Zhang J. , Nair B. , Guo M. , Moya X. , Hirose S. , Mathur N. D.
Published: November 2024

Isothermal electrocaloric (EC) heat is a key—but rarely reported—parameter for cooling applications. Here, we employ calorimetry with large-area Peltiers (10 × 10 mm2) to study a multilayer capacitor (MLC) of well-ordered PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 (PST) with a first-order ferroelectric phase transition. Our direct measurements of isothermal EC heat are consistent with complementary EC measurements of similar MLCs that display large EC effects, i.e., indirect EC measurements and direct measurements of adiabatic EC temperature change [Nair et al., Nature 575, 468 (2019)]. Using a field of 7.9 V μm−1, the EC heat associated with the electrically active PST peaks at 11 MJ m−3 near 300 K. At higher temperatures, as one approaches the critical point, the transition is seen to become less first order. Separately, we find that the inactive PST compromises quasi-direct EC measurements. In the future, isothermal EC heat should be directly measured as a matter of routine.
Structural and optical properties of Eu-doped ZnO epitaxial thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition
Authors: Wei Wei-Lun , Lin Chun-Yen , Huang Tzu-Chi , Li Yi-Chen , Wu Yu-Hao , Lee Chien-Yu , Chen Bo-Yi , Yin Gung-Chian , Tang Mau-Tsu , Chou Wu-Ching , Lo Fang-Yuh , Lin Bi-Hsuan
Published: November 2024

Pulsed-laser deposition was utilized to fabricate Eu-doped ZnO epitaxial films on c-plane sapphire substrates with Eu concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 at. %. The structural properties were analyzed using x-ray diffraction surface normal radial scans and azimuthal cone scans, which confirmed the epitaxy of the film samples. Reciprocal space mapping was performed on ZnO(101̄1) to visualize the effect of Eu incorporation. X-ray fluorescence mapping confirmed the homogeneous distribution of Zn and Eu, and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra directly confirmed the trivalent state of Eu ions. The optical properties were assessed using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL). Various defects were identified. With increasing Eu dopant concentration, PL emissions from defects and the Eu 4f-intraband transitions gradually became the predominant features in the PL spectra at low temperatures. Furthermore, PL analysis suggested that Eu ions substituted Zn, occupying sites with lower C3v symmetry due to the distortion caused by Eu incorporation.
TARGET-seq: Linking single-cell transcriptomics of human dopaminergic neurons with their target specificity
Authors: Fiorenzano Alessandro , Storm Petter , Sozzi Edoardo , Bruzelius Andreas , Corsi Sara , Kajtez Janko , Mudannayake Janitha , Nelander Jenny , Mattsson Bengt , Åkerblom Malin , Björklund Tomas , Björklund Anders , Parmar Malin
Published: November 2024

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons exhibit significant diversity characterized by differences in morphology, anatomical location, axonal projection pattern, and selective vulnerability to disease. More recently, scRNAseq has been used to map DA neuron diversity at the level of gene expression. These studies have revealed a higher than expected molecular diversity in both mouse and human DA neurons. However, whether different molecular expression profiles correlate with specific functions of different DA neurons or with their classical division into mesolimbic (A10) and nigrostriatal (A9) neurons, remains to be determined. To address this, we have developed an approach termed TARGET-seq (Tagging projections by AAV-mediated RetroGrade Enrichment of Transcriptomes) that links the transcriptional profile of the DA neurons with their innervation of specific target structures in the forebrain. Leveraging this technology, we identify molecularly distinct subclusters of human DA neurons with a clear link between transcriptome and axonal target-specificity, offering the possibility to infer neuroanatomical-based classification to molecular identity and target-specific connectivity. We subsequently used this dataset to identify candidate transcription factors along DA developmental trajectories that may control subtype identity, thus providing broad avenues that can be further explored in the design of next-generation A9 and A10 enriched DA-neurons for drug screening or A9 enriched DA cells for clinical stem cell-based therapies.
Image retrievable encryption based on linear fitting and orthogonal transformation
Authors: Yang Yu-Guang , Zhang Shao-Ming , Jiang Dong-Hua , Liao Xin
Published: November 2024

With the development of cloud computing, an increasing number of resource-constrained image owners tend to store their images in the cloud and rely on image retrieval services to obtain the images they desire. However, the security of the cloud cannot be fully guaranteed. To ensure image security while achieving good retrieval performance, we have designed a retrievable image encryption algorithm based on linear fitting and orthogonal transformation. This algorithm first generates encryption and feature extraction domains through orthogonal decomposition, and then applies a modified ResNet50 network for feature extraction in the feature extraction domain. The encryption process employs an improved affine transformation based on linear fitting, where part of the fitting values comes from the original image data and the other part comes from data generated by a chaotic system. Additionally, to simplify the measurement of feature similarity in the cloud, we have designed a hierarchical feature index tree to narrow the retrieval scope, thereby reducing retrieval complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively protects image privacy and achieves high retrieval accuracy. The F-score reached 6.7634% on the Ghim10k dataset and 25.514% on the Corel 1K dataset, significantly improving upon traditional methods. This algorithm has potential application value in the fields of secure image storage and efficient retrieval in the cloud.
Numerical solution of time-dependent two-parameter singularly perturbed problems via Trigonometric Quintic B-spline collocation technique
Authors: Sangeetha C  , Aswin V S  , Awasthi Ashish
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a novel algorithm for solving time-dependent two-parameter singularly perturbed parabolic convection–diffusion-reaction equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The algorithm is formulated using the Crank-Nicolson (CN) scheme for the temporal derivative discretization. Then, the Trigonometric Quintic B-spline (TQBS) is applied to approximate the state variable and its spatial derivatives on nonuniform collocation points. We conducted a comprehensive convergence analysis and stability of the proposed method and proved that the scheme achieved a parameter-uniform convergence of approximately fourth order in space and second order in time. To make additional evidence to support the theoretical findings and further assess the proposed method, we implemented the numerical algorithm to solve three test examples. Furthermore, using these test examples, we demonstrated the parameter-uniform convergence of the proposed numerical scheme.
Two dimensional computational model of calcium and IP3 interacting system dynamics in an obese hepatocyte cell
Authors: Mishra Vedika , Adlakha Neeru
Published: November 2024

Calcium ion (Ca2+) signaling is crucial in regulating numerous cellular processes vital for preserving structural integrity and functional equilibrium across diverse cell types. Both the calcium stores and mitochondria play significant roles in this signaling pathway. The calcium source may be in the form of a blip or a puff depending on the various conditions of the cellular systems. The one dimensional model of calcium dynamics with IP3 gives crucial insight of feedback mechanisms influencing calcium homeostasis. In order to obtain deeper insights of local impacts of various mechanisms and feedbacks in hepatocyte cell, it is necessary to develop the models in higher dimensions. In order to get more deeper insights, two dimensional model is proposed assuming the phenomena to be uniform along z dimension. This research presents a two-dimensional computational model to analyse the interactive system dynamics of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and Ca2+, aiming to assess how these signaling patterns influence hepatocyte functionality which allows to incorporate puff type of calcium source under both obese and normal physiological states. It further examines the implications of calcium signaling on NADH synthesis, ATP production, and degradation rates. Numerical simulations are executed utilising the Crank-Nicolson method for temporal analysis and the Linear Finite Element Method for spatial analysis. Additionally, the study conducts a comparative analysis of calcium signaling between obese and normal hepatocyte. The findings offer enhanced insights into the interactive system dynamics of IP3 and Ca2+ in hepatocytes, elucidating the effects of various parameter alterations on cellular behaviour in both states.
100% humidity independent PTR-MS: Novel method and proof-of-concept*
Authors: Winkler Klaus , Gutmann Rene , Mauracher Andreas , Rosenkranz Bea , Märk Lukas , Sulzer Philipp
Published: November 2024

It has been well-known and studied that the quantification of various compounds with Proton-Transfer-Reaction—Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) is dependent on the sample gas humidity. For example, if the formaldehyde concentration in outdoor air remains constant, but the weather and thus the humidity changes, the measured signal intensity for protonated formaldehyde will change. Established countermeasures against this effect include labor-intensive calibrations at different humidity levels and subsequent data correction, the use of filters or membranes to dry the sample air, which will also trap analytes of interest, and the introduction of excessive amounts of humidity into the PTR reaction region to reduce the relative but not the absolute humidity changes caused by the sample gas, which alters the well-defined ion chemistry and again limits quantification accuracy. Here, we present a novel solution to the humidity dependence problem that comes virtually without any drawbacks, does not require any additional labor by the user, and does not diminish analytes of condensable nature. A target humidity for the PTR reaction region is chosen before the actual measurement. Via the controlled injection of water vapor into the reaction region, the humidity is kept constant throughout the analysis, independent of the sample gas constitution. Therefore, it can be excluded that any changes in the acquired ion signal intensities are artifacts caused by changing sample humidity, and, if required, calibration measurements only have to be performed at one humidity level. We introduce the instrumental adaption necessary for using the novel method and subsequently present proof-of-concept results of measurements in a laboratory, as well as in a ‘real-life’ environment, utilizing two different PTR-MS instruments.
Thickness-dependent magnetic property of FeNi thin film grown on flexible graphene substrate
Authors: Zhan 詹 Suixin 遂鑫 , Yuan 袁 Shaokang 少康 , Bai 白 Yuming 宇明 , Liu 刘 Fu 福 , Zhang 张 Bohan 博涵 , Han 韩 Weijia 卫家 , Wang 王 Tao 韬 , Wang 汪 Shengxiang 胜祥 , Zhou 周 Cai 偲
Published: November 2024

Electronics over flexible substrates offer advantages of flexibility, portability and low cost, and promising applications in the areas of energy, information, defense science and medical service. In recent years, tremendous progress has been witnessed in the development of flexible wearable devices that can be potentially massively deployed. Of particular interest are intelligent wearable devices, such as sensors and storage cells, which can be integrated by flexible magnetoelectronic devices based on magnetic thin films. To examine this further, the magnetic properties of FeNi thin films with different thicknesses grown on flexible graphene substrate are investigated at room temperature. The coercivity increases with increasing thicknesses of FeNi thin film, which can be attributed to the increase of grain size and decrease of surface roughness. Moreover, the thickness modulated magnetic property shows a magnetic anisotropy shift increase with varying thicknesses of FeNi thin film by using measurements based on ferromagnetic resonance, which further enhances the resonance frequency. In addition, the resonance peak is quite stable after bending it for ten cycles. The result is promising for the future design of flexible magnetoelectronic devices.
Precise constraint on properties of neutron stars through new universal relations and astronomical observations
Authors: Wu Zehan , Wen Dehua 文德华
Published: November 2024

In view of the great uncertainty of the equation of state (EOS) of high-density nuclear matter, establishing EOS-independent universal relations between global properties of neutron stars provides a practical way to constrain the unobservable or difficult-to-observe properties through astronomical observations. It is common to construct universal relations between EOS-dependent properties (e.g., moment of inertia, tidal deformation, etc.) or combined properties (e.g., compactness). Improving the precision of the universal relations may provide stricter constraint on the properties of neutron star. We find that in 3-dimensional space with mass and radius as the base coordinates, the points corresponding to a certain property of neutron star described by different EOSs are almost located in the same surface. Thus the universal relation between the property and the stellar mass-radius can be expressed through describing the surface. It is shown that the resulting universal relations have higher precisions. As an example, we construct high-precision universal relations for the moment of inertia, the $f$-mode frequency, and the dimensionless tidal deformation respect to the mass-radius. As the observational data of neutron star mass and radius from NICER grows in data and accuracy, these universal relations allow for more precise constraints on the unobservable or difficult-to-observe properties.
A Special Kind of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Feng H. Q. , Zhao Y. , Zhao G. Q. , Li H. B. , Xiang L. , Wang J. M.
Published: November 2024

It is generally believed that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have magnetic flux rope structures because of their helical shapes. However, only about 30%–40% of interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs) have a local magnetic flux rope structure. The usual explanations are that the spacecraft only crossed the flank of the ropes and failed to detect the complete magnetic flux rope structure or that some processes destroyed these magnetic flux rope structures. Several studies suggest that some ICMEs inherently possess disordered magnetic fields and consequently exhibit no magnetic flux-rope structures. We introduce a special kind of ICME which has a low magnetic field magnitude and stable magnetic field direction, relatively fast expansion speed, and lower proton temperature and density. All three of the measured magnetic field components are relatively stable. We want to know whether these ICMEs also have magnetic flux rope structures or not. We identified 20 special ICMEs and analyzed their evolution based on their observed characteristics. We took a special ICME as an example, which had an apparent rope configuration at 1 au but evolved to a special ICME at 5.4 au, to illustrate that this kind of ICME could come from magnetic clouds (MCs) whose rope structure had been being stretched due to expansion. We inferred that the missing obvious flux rope structure may be due to the expansion of MCs, not the flank crossing effect. However, more than 50% of the events were associated with the dominant x-component of the magnetic field, which indicates a leg crossing. Therefore, the detection of part of these special ICMEs may also be the result of the leg-crossing effect.
Quantum Neutron Scattering — Feynman Paths Information, Weak Values and Intensity Deficit Effect
Authors: Aris Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann C.
Published: November 2024

The conventional theory of non-relativistic neutron beam scattering from many-body systems treats the beam essentially as a classical system, because the neutron dynamical variables are captured in the main theoretical formulas (e.g. time-correlation functions) not as quantum mechanical operators but as c-numbers only. This simplification results in the full decoupling of the probe particles’ dynamics from the quantum dynamics of the scatterer. Further, neutrons’ wavefunctions are represented with plane waves, and thus the concept of neutron’s finite coherence length in momentum space becomes irrelevant. Making contact with modern quantum theoretical approaches (e.g., quantum entanglement, Feynman paths, “which-path information” versus interference, Weak Values theory) new observable effects of non-relativistic quantum beam scattering may be exposed and/or predicted, such as a surprising intensity deficit in neutron Compton scattering (NCS) of epithermal neutrons from protons of H-containing materials. Here, the NCS-intensity deficit observed in scattering from liquid C6H6 is discussed and interpreted from first principles, in the general frame of Weak Values theory. Moreover, based on Feynman’s didactical argument that there isn’t any interference between distinguishable neutron paths, we show that this NCS-effect cannot be interpreted as being caused by destructive interference of neutron paths scattered from entangled (two or a few) protons, as was earlier proposed by some authors.
Protective Ni composite film on Cu prepared by inverse-replacement reaction
Authors: Liu Ying , Xing Xirui , Li Deyu , Li Ning , Xia Fangquan , Tian Dong
Published: November 2024

In high concentrated thiourea solution, Ni composite film was directly deposited onto Cu via inverse-replacement reaction of Ni2+ by Cu. Significantly, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further demonstrated that the Ni composite film was Ni-S alloy doped with thiourea and Cu2O. Traces of thiourea and the doping of Cu2O in the film should play a promotional role in the improvement of anti-corrosion performance. Therefore, electrochemical measurements and high-temperature oxidation test indicated that the Ni composite film could be a cost-effective and efficiently anti-corrosion coating on the Cu substrate with sufficiently high corrosion resistance.
Composite energetic materials constructed by metal nitrates and nitro-substituted polymers
Authors: Shi Yiran , Wu Ruifeng
Published: November 2024

The structure of porous polymer materials with high specific surface area can be designed in advance, and be functionalized by modification to realize their application in specific fields. To expand the application of porous polymers in the field of energetic materials, in this paper, biphenyl-dichlorobenzyl homopolymers (Bhp) were synthesized using dichloroethane as the solvent, anhydrous ferric chloride as the catalyst. The best surface area of the polymers obtained is 3068 m2/g. By the nitration of Bhp with mixed sulfuric and nitric acids, the nitro-substituted polymers (NBhp) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. Different kinds of transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) nitrates were loaded on the NBhp by impregnation method. The thermal decompositions of the composite energetic materials (CEMs) have been carried out through DSC and TG-DTG analyzes at a heating rate of 10°C/min. The results indicate that the CEMs have high heat-resistant stability. The thermal decomposition mechanism of the composite CuNBhp shows that the rapid thermal decomposition of NBhp can occur at lower temperatures, accompanied by the decomposition of metal nitrate, and the final decomposition products are metal oxides.