bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miR‐423‐3p activates FAK signaling pathway to drive EMT process and tumor growth in lung adenocarcinoma through targeting CYBRD1
Authors: Ma Jun , Huang Wuhao , Zhu Chaonan , Sun Xiaoyan , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Lianmin , Qi Qi , Bai Xiaoming , Feng Yun , Wang Changli
Published: October 2021

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a malignant tumor with a high fatality rate and poor overall survival, while molecular targets diagnosing and alleviating lung cancer remain inadequate.

Methods

In this article, we highlighted the upregulation of microRNA‐423‐3p (miR‐423‐3p) in LUAD, especially in smokers aged over 40, and revealed that the high expression of miR‐423‐3p was significantly associated with smoker, age, and pathologic stage of LUAD patients.

Results

Moreover, overexpressing miR‐423‐3p could facilitate LUAD cell proliferation, invasion, adhesion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, while depleted miR‐423‐3p caused repressive influence upon it. Mechanically, we identified that miR‐423‐3p could activate FAK signaling pathway through binding to the 3'‐UTR of cytochrome B reductase 1 (CYBRD1). Furthermore, we demonstrated that CYBRD1 was lowly expressed in LUAD, and miR‐423‐3p overexpression could rescue the impairment of LUAD cell proliferation, invasion, adhesion, and EMT caused by CYBRD1 depletion. Noticeably, miR‐423‐3p depletion efficiently hindered LUAD tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings demonstrated that miR‐423‐3p/CYBRD1 axis could be regarded as a promising biomarker to alleviate the poor LUAD prognosis.
Tuberculosis treatment within differentiated service delivery models in global HIV/TB programming
Authors: Tran Cuc H. , Moore Brittany K. , Pathmanathan Ishani , Lungu Patrick , Shah N. Sarita , Oboho Ikwo , Al‐Samarrai Teeb , Maloney Susan A. , Date Anand , Boyd Andrew T.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Providing more convenient and patient‐centred options for service delivery is a priority within global HIV programmes. These efforts improve patient satisfaction and retention and free up time for providers to focus on new HIV diagnoses or severe illness. Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic precipitated expanded eligibility criteria for these differentiated service delivery (DSD) models to decongest clinics and protect patients and healthcare workers. This has resulted in dramatic scale‐up of DSD for antiretroviral therapy, cotrimoxazole and tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment. While TB treatment among people living with HIV (PLHIV) has traditionally involved frequent, facility‐based management, TB treatment can also be adapted within DSD models. Such adaptations could include electronic tools to ensure appropriate clinical management, treatment support, adherence counselling and adverse event (AE) monitoring. In this commentary, we outline considerations for DSD of TB treatment among PLHIV, building on best practices from global DSD model implementation for HIV service delivery.

Discussion

In operationalizing TB treatment in DSD models, we consider the following: what activity is being done, when or how often it takes place, where it takes place, by whom and for whom. We discuss considerations for various programme elements including TB screening and diagnosis; medication dispensing; patient education, counselling and support; clinical management and monitoring; and reporting and recording. General approaches include multi‐month dispensing for TB medications during intensive and continuation phases of treatment and standardized virtual adherence and AE monitoring. Lastly, we provide operational examples of TB treatment delivery through DSD models, including a conceptual model and an early implementation experience from Zambia.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 has catalysed the rapid expansion of differentiated patient‐centred service delivery for PLHIV. Expanding DSD models to include TB treatment can capitalize on existing platforms, while providing high‐quality, routine treatment, follow‐up and patient education and empowerment.
Metformin functionalized dendritic fibrous nanosilica (KCC‐1‐nPr‐Met) as an innovative and green nanocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromene derivatives
Authors: Rad Shiva Asadi , Shadjou Nasrin
Published: October 2021

An innovative nanocatalyst (KCC‐1‐nPr‐Met) has been prepared from the covalent attachment of metformin on the channels and the pores of n‐propyl amine functionalized dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) and used towards efficient, green, and high yield synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromenes derivatives by one‐pot three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone in H2O‐EtOH at room temperature. The designed nanocatalyst has been characterized by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and adsorption/desorption analysis (BET) techniques. Also, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) was used to study the morphology of prepared nanocatalyst. The engineered nanocatalyst with uniform fibrous spheres has dendritic structure, high pore volume (0.35 cm3/g), and great surface area (178 m2/g). Hence, the specific dendritic structure of the prepared nanocatalyst not only improve the diffusion ability of the reactants and products, but also, increase the availability of dynamic sites in the pores and channels of the catalyst. According to the obtained results, a unique strategy was proposed towards the synthesis of important biologically active scaffolds in the presence of nontoxic and environmental friendly nanocatalyst and media. Milder reaction conditions (room temperature), shorter reaction times (5‐30 minutes), excellent yields (92%‐98%) of the products with higher purity, very simple workup procedure, and using of EtOH: H2O as a green solvent are the advantages of the presented work.
Mortality among ischemic and nonischemic heart failure patients with a primary implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator
Authors: Yang Pil‐Sung , Kang Younghyun , Bae Han‐Joon , Sung Jung‐Hoon , Park Hyung‐Deuk , Joung Boyoung
Published: October 2021

Background

The efficacy of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention is controversial in patients with nonischemic heart failure (HF). We evaluated the mortality and predictors of mortality in patients with prophylactic ICD implantation for ischemic and nonischemic HF.

Methods

From 2008 to 2017, 1097 patients (667, nonischemic HF and 430, ischemic HF) who underwent prophylactic ICD implantation, were identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. We used propensity score overlap weighting to correct the differences between two groups.

Results

Those with ischemic HF were older (67.0 ± 10.1 vs 61.8 ± 14.2 years), more often male (71.4% vs 63.7%), and had more comorbidities than patients with nonischemic HF. During a median follow‐up of 37.3 months (interquartile range [IQR], 14.2‐53.8 months), all‐cause mortality was higher in unweighted patients with ischemic HF than in those with nonischemic HF (10.9 vs 6.4 per 100 person‐years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38‐2.20; P < .001). However, after weighting, the annual all‐cause mortality rate was similar in both groups (9.5 vs 8.8 per 100 person‐years), with no significant difference in the risk of all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.71; P = .755). Older age and chronic kidney disease were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in both groups. There was no significant difference in cardiac and noncardiac mortality between the weighted nonischemic and ischemic HF groups.

Conclusions

The all‐cause, cardiac, and noncardiac mortality rates were similar between patients with nonischemic and ischemic HF who underwent prophylactic ICD implantation.
Relationship between physical activity, objective sleep parameters, and circadian rhythm in patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Gururaj Rachita , Samuel Stephen Rajan , Vijaya Kumar K. , Hegde Anupama , Prakash Saxena PU , Nagaraja Ravishankar , Palesh Oxana
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This study was developed to assess the relationship between physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythm using accelerometer and urine melatonin levels in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Also, this study evaluated the changes in physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythm during the seven‐week course of chemoradiotherapy.

Methods

This longitudinal study recruited 27 participants diagnosed with HNC who were planning to undergo chemoradiotherapy. Accelerometers worn for 3 days during the 1st, 3rd, and 7th weeks of chemoradiotherapy were used to assess physical activity levels (step count and metabolic equivalents [METs]) and sleep quality (total sleep time [TST], sleep onset latency [SOL], and sleep efficiency [SE]). Urine melatonin analysis was conducted using the morning void urine sample on 1st, 3rd, and 7th weeks. The change in variables during the seven weeks and the correlation between them were analyzed.

Results

During the seven weeks, trends of reduction in variables of physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythm were observed with significant decrease in step count, TST and melatonin levels. SE was found to have strong negative correlation with physical activity. TST was found to have moderate correlation with SE and step count. The variables of physical activity also showed moderate correlation among them.

Conclusion

This study concludes that higher physical activity is associated with poor SE due to increased night‐time activity. There was a significant reduction in physical activity and sleep observed during seven weeks with moderate association between them. The significant circadian rhythm deregulation however showed poor association with the other variables.

Level of Evidence: 2b
Tract‐Specific Spinal Cord Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Hernandez Ana Luisa C.C. , Rezende Thiago J.R. , Martinez Alberto R.M. , de Brito Mariana R. , França Marcondes C.
Published: October 2021

Background

Spinal cord (SC) damage is a hallmark in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). Neuroimaging has been able to capture some SC macroscopic changes, but no study has evaluated microstructural SC white matter (WM) damage in vivo.

Objectives

We designed a cross‐sectional study to evaluate microstructural integrity in SC WM tracts of FRDA patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with an automated analysis pipeline.

Methods

Thirty patients and 30 matched healthy controls underwent 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We obtained cervical SC T2 and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) acquisitions. Images were processed using the Spinal Cord Toolbox v.4.3.0. For levels C2‐C5, we measured cross‐sectional area (CSA) and WM DTI parameters (axial diffusivity [AD], fractional anisotropy [FA], radial diffusivity [RD], and mean diffusivity [MD]). Age, duration, and FARS scores were also obtained.

Results

Mean age and disease duration of patients were 31 ± 10 and 11 ± 9 years, respectively. There was CSA reduction in FRDA amongst all levels. Between‐group differences in FA, MD, and RD in total white matter (TWM), dorsal columns (DC), fasciculus gracilis (FG), fasciculus cuneatus (FC), and corticospinal tracts (CST) were present in all levels. FA and RD from TWM, DC, FC, and CST correlated with FARS scores, and in CST they also correlated with disease duration.

Conclusion

DTI uncovered abnormalities in SC WM tracts, which correlated with clinical features in FRDA. CSA and CST FA in C2 correlated best with disease severity, whereas DC FA showed the largest effect size to differentiate patients and healthy controls. SC WM microstructure is a potential neuroimaging biomarker to be explored in the disease. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Success of Denver response initiative speaks to desirability of options
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2021

Eugene, Oregon's CAHOOTS program may have been the pacesetter in cities' efforts to reframe mental health crisis response traditionally handled by police, but the city of Denver arguably has become the national model for change fueled more recently by the 2020 murder of George Floyd.
Compact filtering crossover design based on SIW quintuple‐mode resonators
Authors: Qu Lili , Zhang Yonghong , Jing Huaishu , Liu Jiawei , Fan Yong
Published: October 2021

A compact filtering crossover utilizing substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) quintuple‐mode resonator (QMR) technology is proposed for the first time. Benefiting from this technology, the proposed crossover firstly breaks the status quo that SIW crossover filtering response is only concentrated in single passband, thereby extending the applications of the SIW crossovers. In design, the QMR is derived by embedding metal‐via holes in the conventional SIW resonant cavity, thus to produce quintuple resonant modes featuring with specific electric distributions. Next, by dividing these modes into two groups, a triple‐mode bandpass filter (BPF) channel and a single‐mode dual‐band BPF channel are both realized. To implement two flat passband channels, there are two SIW cavities cascaded. And also, the isolation between two channels is implemented by employing the orthogonal characteristic. In this way, a crossover is implemented. The proposed design method can be a good candidate for developing SIW multi‐band filtering crossovers. For verification, an example circuit has been designed, fabricated, and measured.
A posteriori error estimates for the large eddy simulation applied to stationary Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Nassreddine Ghina , Omnes Pascal , Sayah Toni
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we study in two and three space dimensions, the a posteriori error estimates for the large eddy simulation (LES) applied to the Navier–Stokes system. We begin by introducing the Navier–Stokes and the corresponding LES equations. Then we introduce the corresponding discrete problem based on the finite element method. We establish a posteriori error estimation with three types of error indicators related to the filter of the LES method, to the discretization and to the linearization. Finally, numerical investigations are shown and discussed.
Mouse‐INtraDuctal (MIND): an in vivo model for studying the underlying mechanisms of DCIS malignancy
Authors: Hong Yan , Limback Darlene , Elsarraj Hanan S , Harper Haleigh , Haines Haley , Hansford Hayley , Ricci Michael , Kaufman Carolyn , Wedlock Emily , Xu Mingchu , Zhang Jianhua , May Lisa , Cusick Therese , Inciardi Marc , Redick Mark , Gatewood Jason , Winblad Onalisa , Aripoli Allison , Huppe Ashley , Balanoff Christa , Wagner Jamie L , Amin Amanda L , Larson Kelsey E , Ricci Lawrence , Tawfik Ossama , Razek Hana , Meierotto Ruby O , Madan Rashna , Godwin Andrew K , Thompson Jeffrey , Hilsenbeck Susan G , Futreal Andy , Thompson Alastair , Hwang E Shelley , Fan Fang , Behbod Fariba ,   the Grand Challenge PRECISION Consortium
Published: October 2021

Due to widespread adoption of screening mammography, there has been a significant increase in new diagnoses of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, DCIS prognosis remains unclear. To address this gap, we developed an in vivo model, Mouse‐INtraDuctal (MIND), in which patient‐derived DCIS epithelial cells are injected intraductally and allowed to progress naturally in mice. Similar to human DCIS, the cancer cells formed in situ lesions inside the mouse mammary ducts and mimicked all histologic subtypes including micropapillary, papillary, cribriform, solid, and comedo. Among 37 patient samples injected into 202 xenografts, at median duration of 9 months, 20 samples (54%) injected into 95 xenografts showed in vivo invasive progression, while 17 (46%) samples injected into 107 xenografts remained non‐invasive. Among the 20 samples that showed invasive progression, nine samples injected into 54 xenografts exhibited a mixed pattern in which some xenografts showed invasive progression while others remained non‐invasive. Among the clinically relevant biomarkers, only elevated progesterone receptor expression in patient DCIS and the extent of in vivo growth in xenografts predicted an invasive outcome. The Tempus XT assay was used on 16 patient DCIS formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections including eight DCISs that showed invasive progression, five DCISs that remained non‐invasive, and three DCISs that showed a mixed pattern in the xenografts. Analysis of the frequency of cancer‐related pathogenic mutations among the groups showed no significant differences (KW: p > 0.05). There were also no differences in the frequency of high, moderate, or low severity mutations (KW; p > 0.05). These results suggest that genetic changes in the DCIS are not the primary driver for the development of invasive disease. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Diving into debate: Comparing discussion‐based and single‐presenter journal club formats in a large PM&R department
Authors: Hearn Sandra L. , Smith Sean R.
Published: October 2021

Background

Journal clubs in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) advance the educational mission by uniting colleagues to learn of literature updates, consider clinical applications, practice critical thinking, and engage in lively dialogue and community. Although discussion‐based journal clubs have been shown to enhance quality, a model for their application across a large and clinically diverse department of PM&R has not been described, nor has one been evaluated in comparison to a single‐speaker podium format.

Objective

To develop a discussion‐based PM&R department‐wide journal club, present elements of the journal club model in a manner that would enable replication, and assess effectiveness as perceived by participants, compared to the prior (podium‐based, single‐speaker) format. It was hypothesized that a discussion‐based journal club would more effectively achieve educational goals and would be perceived by participants to be of greater quality and value.

Design

Pre‐post educational intervention study, using surveys of PM&R resident and faculty participants. Survey items used a 5‐point Likert scale. Unpaired 2‐tailed t‐tests were used to compare the formats.

Setting

A large academic PM&R department.

Participants

PM&R faculty, residents, fellows: 26 respondents (preintervention) and 26 respondents (postintervention) out of a total of 94 and 98 people invited to participate, respectively.

Interventions

A discussion‐based departmental journal club was designed and implemented, replacing the previous single‐speaker, podium‐based journal club.

Main Outcome Measures

Pre‐ and post‐ intervention respondent ratings of (a) journal club quality and value, and (b) effectiveness in achieving specific educational goals.

Results

Compared to the traditional format, the discussion‐based format more effectively met the educational objectives, was of higher quality and value as perceived by respondents, and increased desire to attend the activity.

Conclusions

This discussion‐based journal club format can serve as a model for academic PM&R programs looking to enhance the educational value of journal club.
The Instagram/Facebook ban on graphic self‐harm imagery: A sentiment analysis and topic modeling approach
Authors: Smith Hayden , Cipolli William
Published: October 2021

Research indicates that adolescents who are vulnerable to self‐harm are likely to access social media specifically related to self‐harm, which often contains health myths and fails to provide linkages to appropriate resources. In this study, we examined the emotional discourse before and following a ban of graphic images of self‐harm on Facebook and Instagram. This observational case series study assesses a corpus of 8,013 tweets that specifically mention Facebook and/or Instagram between June 1, 2018, and May 31, 2019 (the ban occurred on February 7, 2019). Topical content was elucidated via statistical modeling to extract abstract topics in discourse. The graphic self‐harm ban produced emotional shifts in users of social media. A time series plot produced peaks of tweets on the banning of graphic images of self‐harm including political events, news coverage, and media exemplars of suicide (both celebrity and noncelebrity). We observed raw proportional differences with elevated emotions before the ban (i.e., disgust, joy, surprise, and trust) followed by elevated emotions occurring after the ban (i.e., anger, anticipation, and sadness). This study provides insight into how the policy‐change relating to self‐harm was received by those with a vested interest. These insights can be valuable to policymakers and advocates for those affected by self‐harm.
Could emotional and sensitization status affect postural sway in adults with knee osteoarthritis?
Authors: Soares Fabiana da Silva , Foppa Natalia , Dionisio Valdeci Carlos
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose

The manipulation of sensory conditions and attentional demand affect the postural sway in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, it is not known if emotional and sensitization status affects postural sway in this population. This study aimed to test if older adults with mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis with symptoms of depression and high sensitization would change the profile of postural sway.

Methods

Design: A cross‐sectional study was undertaken. Participants: The center of pressure parameters of 30 older adults with mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis and 15 healthy controls were evaluated under different conditions manipulating the visual and attentional demand. We used the pressure pain threshold to measure the sensitization status. Furthermore, we applied the Beck Depression Inventory index to assess emotional status.

Results

Manipulating the visual demand affected the center of pressure parameters for both groups, without differences between them. Compared to the healthy control group, the knee osteoarthritis group presented with worse scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, lower pressure pain threshold scores, and the correlations between the symptoms of depression and sensitization status ranged from weak to moderate. Finally, in the knee osteoarthritis group, we observed few and weak significant associations between the center of pressure parameters and the Beck Depression Inventory and the pressure pain threshold scores.

Discussion

Emotional and sensitization status seem not to be more associated with the center of pressure of older adults with mild to moderate KOA than healthy adults. Thus, it suggests that this population can safely maintain postural sway, irrespective of depression symptoms and high sensitization.
From mobility attractiveness to mobility fatigue: The impact of repeated transnational mobility on the lives and aspirations of early‐career academics
Authors: Schaer Martine
Published: October 2021

In the early stages of their career, academics often move abroad for fixed‐term positions, urged by the normative imperative to gain international experience and the need to accept academic opportunities where they arise. Drawing on three case studies comprising biographical and qualitative network interviews with academics, complemented in one case by a semistructured interview with a partner, this paper examines how early‐career academics experience repeated transnational mobility and deal with its implications on their and their family members' personal lives. The analysis shows that the repetitive nature of mobility associated with fixed‐term appointments is a significant aspect of academic precarity and provides insights into the compromises made by academics as they try to balance competing aspirations and demands pertaining to the different domains of their mobile lives.
Enhanced distributed state estimation with resilience to multiple disturbances and false data injection attacks
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Cao Songyin , Ding Zhengtao
Published: October 2021

Disturbances and attacks co‐exist widely in networked systems. Distributed state estimation of networked systems in the simultaneous presence of disturbances and attacks has been widely recognized as a challenging issue. In this article, an enhanced three‐stage approach for the detection and rejection of attacks is established for networked systems subject to multiple disturbances and false data injection (FDI) attacks. First, a multi‐layer distributed estimator with a disturbance observer layer is proposed. Then, an optimal observer‐based attack detection scheme is designed to specify an attack detection logic. After disturbance rejection and attack detection, an attack‐resilient estimator with a dynamic detection‐triggered structure is proposed to actively reject FDI attacks online. This three‐stage approach effectively separates the influence of disturbances and attacks in the distributed estimation process, enabling multiple heterogeneous disturbances and attacks across the sensor network to be rejected. A numeric example and comparisons are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Recent Advances in Blue Perovskite Quantum Dots for Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: He Haiyang , Mei Shiliang , Wen Zhuoqi , Yang Dan , Yang Bobo , Zhang Wanlu , Xie Fengxian , Xing Guichuan , Guo Ruiqian
Published: October 2021

Metal halide perovskite nanostructures have sparked intense research interest due to their excellent optical properties. In recent years, although the green and red perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have achieved a significant breakthrough with the external quantum efficiency exceeding 20%, the blue PeLEDs still suffer from inferior performance. Previous reviews about blue PeLEDs focus more on 2D/quasi‐2D or 3D perovskite materials. To develop more stable and efficient blue PeLEDs, a systematic review of blue perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) is urgently demanded to clarify how PQDs evolve. In this review, the recent advances in blue PQDs involving mixed‐halide, quantum‐confined all‐bromide, metal‐doped and lead‐free PQDs as well as their applications in PeLEDs are highlighted. Although several excellent PeLEDs based on these PQDs have been demonstrated, there are still many problems to be solved. A deep insight into the advantages and disadvantages of these four types of blue‐emitting PQDs is provided. Then, their respective potential and issues for blue PeLEDs have been discussed. Finally, the challenges and outlook for efficient and stable blue PeLEDs based on PQDs are addressed.
Islands with gravitating baths: towards ER = EPR
Authors: Anderson Louise , Parrikar Onkar , Soni Ronak M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We study the Page curve and the island rule for black holes evaporating into gravitating baths, with an eye towards establishing a connection with the ER=EPR proposal. We consider several models of two entangled 2d black holes in Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity with negative cosmological constant. The first, “doubled PSSY,” model is one in which the black holes have end-of-the-world (ETW) branes with a flavour degree of freedom. We study highly entangled states of this flavour degree of freedom and find an entanglement-induced Hawking-Page-like transition from a geometry with two disconnected black holes to one with a pair of black holes connected by a wormhole, thus realising the ER = EPR proposal. The second model is a dynamical one in which the ETW branes do not have internal degrees of freedom but the JT gravity is coupled to a 2d CFT, and we entangle the black holes by coupling the two CFTs at the AdS boundary and evolving for a long time. We study the entanglement entropy between the two black holes and find that the story is substantially similar to that with a non-gravitating thermal bath. In the third model, we couple the two ends of a two-sided eternal black hole and evolve for a long time. Finally, we discuss the possibility of a Hawking-Page-like transition induced by real-time evolution that realises the ER = EPR proposal in this dynamical setting.
Replica wormholes and capacity of entanglement
Authors: Kawabata Kohki , Nishioka Tatsuma , Okuyama Yoshitaka , Watanabe Kento
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We consider the capacity of entanglement as a probe of the Hawking radiation in a two-dimensional dilaton gravity coupled with conformal matter of large degrees of freedom. A formula calculating the capacity is derived using the gravitational path integral, from which we speculate that the capacity has a discontinuity at the Page time in contrast to the continuous behavior of the generalized entropy. We apply the formula to a replica wormhole solution in an eternal AdS black hole coupled to a flat non-gravitating bath and show that the capacity of entanglement is saturated by the thermal capacity of the black hole in the high temperature limit.
Probing new physics in class-I B-meson decays into heavy-light final states
Authors: Cai Fang-Min , Deng Wei-Jun , Li Xin-Qiang , Yang Ya-Dong
Published: October 2021

Abstract

With updated experimental data and improved theoretical calculations, several significant deviations are being observed between the Standard Model predictions and the experimental measurements of the branching ratios of $$ {\overline{B}}_{(s)}^0\to {D}_{(s)}^{\left(\ast \right)+}{L}^{-} $$

B
¯

s

0

→

D

s

∗

+

L
−

decays, where L is a light meson from the set {π, ρ, K(∗)}. Especially for the two channels $$ {\overline{B}}^0\to {D}^{+}{K}^{-} $$

B
¯

0

→

D
+

K
−

and $$ {\overline{B}}_s^0\to {D}_s^{+}{\pi}^{-} $$

B
¯

s
0

→

D
s
+

π
−

, both of which are free of the weak annihilation contribution, the deviations observed can even reach 4–5σ. Here we exploit possible new-physics effects in these class-I non-leptonic B-meson decays within the framework of QCD factorization. Firstly, we perform a model-independent analysis of the effects from twenty linearly independent four-quark operators that can contribute, either directly or through operator mixing, to the quark-level b →$$ c\overline{u}d(s) $$
c

u
¯

d

s

transitions. It is found that, under the combined constraints from the current experimental data, the deviations observed could be well explained at the 1σ level by the new-physics four-quark operators with γμ(1 − γ5) ⨂ γμ(1 − γ5) structure, and also at the 2σ level by the operators with (1 + γ5) ⨂ (1 − γ5) and (1 + γ5) ⨂ (1 + γ5) structures. However, the new-physics four-quark operators with other Dirac structures fail to provide a consistent interpretation, even at the 2σ level. Then, as two specific examples of model-dependent considerations, we discuss the case where the new-physics four-quark operators are generated by either a colorless charged gauge boson or a colorless charged scalar, with their masses fixed both at the 1 TeV. Constraints on the effective coefficients describing the couplings of these mediators to the relevant quarks are obtained by fitting to the current experimental data.
Partition functions of higher derivative conformal fields on conformally related spaces
Authors: Mukherjee Jyotirmoy
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The character integral representation of one loop partition functions is useful to establish the relation between partition functions of conformal fields on Weyl equivalent spaces. The Euclidean space Sa × AdSb can be mapped to Sa+b provided Sa and AdSb are of the same radius. As an example, to begin with, we show that the partition function in the character integral representation of conformally coupled free scalars and fermions are identical on Sa × AdSb and Sa+b. We then demonstrate that the partition function of higher derivative conformal scalars and fermions are also the same on hyperbolic cylinders and branched spheres. The partition function of the four-derivative conformal vector gauge field on the branched sphere in d = 6 dimension can be expressed as an integral over ‘naive’ bulk and ‘naive’ edge characters. However, the partition function of the conformal vector gauge field on $$ {S}_q^1 $$

S
q
1

× AdS5 contains only the ‘naive’ bulk part of the partition function. This follows the same pattern which was observed for the partition of conformal p-form fields on hyperbolic cylinders. We use the partition function of higher derivative conformal fields on hyperbolic cylinders to obtain a linear relationship between the Hofman-Maldacena variables which enables us to show that these theories are non-unitary.
Self-resonant dark matter
Authors: Kim Seong-Sik , Lee Hyun Min , Zhu Bin
Published: October 2021

Abstract

We present a novel mechanism for Sommerfeld enhancement for dark matter interactions without the need for light mediators. Considering a model for two-component dark matter with a triple coupling, we find that one of dark matter particles leads to an u-channel resonance in dark matter elastic scattering. From the sum of the u-channel ladder diagrams, we obtain a Bethe-Salpeter equation with a delay term and identify the Sommerfeld factor from the elastic scattering of two dark matter components for the first time. We discuss the implications of our results for enhancing dark matter self-scattering and annihilation.
Imageless robotic-assisted revision arthroplasty from UKA to TKA
Authors: Tuecking Lars-Rene , Savov Peter , Windhagen Henning , Jennings Simon , Nathwani Dinesh , Ettinger Max
Published: October 2021

Background and objective

It is evident from the national joint registries that numbers of revision knee arthroplasty operations are rising. The aim of this article is to introduce a new robotic-assisted approach in UKA to TKA revision arthroplasty and investigate the alignment accuracy, implant component use and surgery time and to compare it to primary robotic-assisted TKA arthroplasty.

Methods

This retrospective, case-control study included patients undergoing image-less robotic-assisted revision arthroplasty from UKA to TKA (n = 20) and patients undergoing image-less robotic-assisted primary TKA (control group, n = 20) from 11/2018 to 07/2020. The control group was matched based on the BMI and natural alignment. Comparison of groups was based on postoperative alignment, outlier rate, tibial insert size, lateral bone resection depth, incision-to-wound closure time. All surgeries were performed by a single senior surgeon using the same bi-cruciate stabilizing TKA system. Statistical analysis consisted of parametric t‑testing and Fisher’s exact test with a level of significance of p < 0.05.

Results

The two groups showed no differences in mean BMI, natural alignment (p > 0.05) and mean overall limb alignment. No outlier was found for OLA and slope analysis. The smallest insert size (9 mm) was used in 70% of the cases in the revision group (n = 14) and in 90% of the cases in the primary group (n = 18, p = 0.24), distal femoral and tibial resection depth showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). The incision to wound closure time was longer in the revision group but showed no significant difference.

Conclusion

Image-less robotic-assisted revision arthroplasty from UKA to TKA showed a comparable surgery time, and alignment accuracy in comparison to primary robotic-assisted TKA. Comparable bone preservation and subsequent tibial insert size use was observed for both groups.
COVID-19 pneumonia imaging follow-up: when and how? A proposition from ESTI and ESR
Authors: Martini K. , Larici A. R. , Revel M. P. , Ghaye B. , Sverzellati N. , Parkar A. P. , Snoeckx A. , Screaton N. , Biederer J. , Prosch H. , Silva M. , Brady A. , Gleeson F. , Frauenfelder T. ,   On behalf of the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI), the European Society of Radiology (ESR)
Published: October 2021

This document from the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI) and the European Society of Radiology (ESR) discusses the role of imaging in the long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients, to define which patients may benefit from imaging, and what imaging modalities and protocols should be used. Insights into imaging features encountered on computed tomography (CT) scans and potential pitfalls are discussed and possible areas for future review and research are also included.

Key Points

• Post-COVID-19 pneumonia changes are mainly consistent with prior organizing pneumonia and are likely to disappear within 12 months of recovery from the acute infection in the majority of patients.

• At present, with the longest series of follow-up examinations reported not exceeding 12 months, the development of persistent or progressive fibrosis in at least some individuals cannot yet be excluded.

• Residual ground glass opacification may be associated with persisting bronchial dilatation and distortion, and might be termed “fibrotic-like changes” probably consistent with prior organizing pneumonia.
Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative dual-energy CT-based volumetric bone mineral density assessment for the prediction of osteoporosis-associated fractures
Authors: Gruenewald Leon D. , Koch Vitali , Martin Simon S. , Yel Ibrahim , Eichler Katrin , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Lenga Lukas , Wichmann Julian L. , Alizadeh Leona S. , Albrecht Moritz H. , Mader Christoph , Huizinga Nicole A. , D’Angelo Tommaso , Mazziotti Silvio , Wesarg Stefan , Vogl Thomas J. , Booz Christian
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the predictive value of volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) assessment of the lumbar spine derived from phantomless dual-energy CT (DECT)-based volumetric material decomposition as an indicator for the 2-year occurrence risk of osteoporosis-associated fractures.

Methods

L1 of 92 patients (46 men, 46 women; mean age, 64 years, range, 19–103 years) who had undergone third-generation dual-source DECT between 01/2016 and 12/2018 was retrospectively analyzed. For phantomless BMD assessment, dedicated DECT postprocessing software using material decomposition was applied. Digital files of all patients were sighted for 2 years following DECT to obtain the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to calculate cut-off values and logistic regression models were used to determine associations of BMD, sex, and age with the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures.

Results

A DECT-derived BMD cut-off of 93.70 mg/cm3 yielded 85.45% sensitivity and 89.19% specificity for the prediction to sustain one or more osteoporosis-associated fractures within 2 years after BMD measurement. DECT-derived BMD was significantly associated with the occurrence of new fractures (odds ratio of 0.8710, 95% CI, 0.091–0.9375, p < .001), indicating a protective effect of increased DECT-derived BMD values. Overall AUC was 0.9373 (CI, 0.867–0.977, p < .001) for the differentiation of patients who sustained osteoporosis-associated fractures within 2 years of BMD assessment.

Conclusions

Retrospective DECT-based volumetric BMD assessment can accurately predict the 2-year risk to sustain an osteoporosis-associated fracture in at-risk patients without requiring a calibration phantom. Lower DECT-based BMD values are strongly associated with an increased risk to sustain fragility fractures.

Key Points

•Dual-energy CT–derived assessment of bone mineral density can identify patients at risk to sustain osteoporosis-associated fractures with a sensitivity of 85.45% and a specificity of 89.19%.

•The DECT-derived BMD threshold for identification of at-risk patients lies above the American College of Radiology (ACR) QCT guidelines for the identification of osteoporosis (93.70 mg/cm3 vs 80 mg/cm3).
Myasthenia gravis after glioblastoma resection: paraneoplastic syndrome or coincidence? A unique case report and review of the literature
Authors: Slegers R. J. , Bouwens van der Vlis T. A. M. , Ackermans L. , Hoeben A. , Postma A. A. , Compter I. , Hoeijmakers J. G. J. , Beckervordersandforth J. , Broen M. P. G. , Schijns O. E. M. G.
Published: October 2021

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) can manifest with every type of malignancy. A well-known syndrome is myasthenia gravis (MG) in combination with thymomas. No association between primary brain tumors and neuromuscular disorders has been described. Here, we present a case of a 65-year-old patient who developed MG, following an uncomplicated, gross-total resection of a glioblastoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case describing the onset of MG during the early postoperative phase after glioblastoma resection. Current criteria of PNS are insufficient when the neurological syndrome is diagnosed at the time of a malignancy or shortly thereafter and should be revisited.
Prognostic value of tumor markers and ctDNA in patients with resectable gastric cancer receiving perioperative treatment: results from the CRITICS trial
Authors: Slagter Astrid E. , Vollebergh Marieke A. , Caspers Irene A. , van Sandick Johanna W. , Sikorska Karolina , Lind Pehr , Nordsmark Marianne , Putter Hein , Braak Jeffrey P. B. M. , Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg Elma , van de Velde Cornelis J. H. , Jansen Edwin P. M. , Cats Annemieke , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Verheij Marcel
Published: October 2021

Aim

To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor markers in a European cohort of patients with resectable gastric cancer.

Methods

We performed a post hoc analysis of the CRITICS trial, in which 788 patients received perioperative therapy. Association between survival and pretreatment CEA, CA 19-9, alkaline phosphatase, neutrophils, hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase were explored in uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Likelihoods to receive potentially curative surgery were investigated for patients without elevated tumor markers versus one of the tumor markers elevated versus both tumor markers elevated. The association between tumor markers and the presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was explored in 50 patients with available ctDNA data.

Results

In multivariable analysis, in which we corrected for allocated treatment and other baseline characteristics, elevated pretreatment CEA (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.11–1.85, p < 0.001) and CA 19-9 (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.42–2.25, p < 0.001) were associated with worse OS. Likelihoods to receive potentially curative surgery were 86%, 77% and 60% for patients without elevated tumor marker versus either elevated CEA or CA 19-9 versus both elevated, respectively (p < 0.001). Although both preoperative presence of ctDNA and tumor markers were prognostic for survival, no association was found between these two parameters.

Conclusion

CEA and CA 19-9 were independent prognostic factors for survival in a large cohort of European patients with resectable gastric cancer. No relationship was found between tumor markers and ctDNA. These factors could potentially guide treatment choices and should be included in future trials to determine their definitive position.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT00407186. EudraCT number: 2006-00413032.
The BSCM score: a guideline for surgical decision-making for brainstem cavernous malformations
Authors: Yang Yang , Velz Julia , Neidert Marian C. , Lang Wei , Regli Luca , Bozinov Oliver
Published: October 2021

Microsurgical resection of brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) can be performed today with acceptable morbidity and mortality. However, in this highly eloquent location, the indication for surgery remains challenging. We aimed to elaborate a score system that may help clinicians with their choice of treatment in patients with BSCMs in this study. A single-center series of 88 consecutive BSCMs patients with 272 follow-up visits were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) were constructed to identify the association of variables with treatment decisions. A score scale assigned points for variables that significantly contributed to surgical decision-making. Surgical treatment was recommended in 37 instances, while conservative treatment was proposed in 235 instances. The mean follow-up duration was 50.4 months, and the mean age at decision-making was 45.9 years. The mean BSCMs size was 14.3 ml. In the multivariable GEE model, patient age, lesion size, hemorrhagic event(s), mRS, and axial location were identified as significant factors for determining treatment options. With this proposed score scale (grades 0–XII), non-surgery was the first option at grades 0–III. The crossover point between surgery and non-surgery recommendations lay between grades V and VI while surgical treatment was found in favor at grades VII–X. In conclusion, the proposed BSCM operating score is a clinician-friendly tool, which may help neurosurgeons decide on the treatment for patients with BSCMs.
Interferon-alpha or -beta facilitates SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary vascular infection by inducing ACE2
Authors: Klouda Timothy , Hao Yuan , Kim Hyunbum , Kim Jiwon , Olejnik Judith , Hume Adam J. , Ayyappan Sowntharya , Hong Xuechong , Melero-Martin Juan , Fang Yinshan , Wang Qiong , Zhou Xiaobo , Mühlberger Elke , Jia Hongpeng , Padera Robert F. , Raby Benjamin A. , Yuan Ke
Published: October 2021

Severe viral pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by a hyperinflammatory state typified by elevated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, frequently leading to potentially lethal vascular complications including thromboembolism, disseminated intracellular coagulopathy and vasculitis. Though endothelial infection and subsequent endothelial damage have been described in patients with fatal COVID-19, the mechanism by which this occurs remains elusive, particularly given that, under naïve conditions, pulmonary endothelial cells demonstrate minimal cell surface expression of the SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor ACE2. Herein we describe SARS-CoV-2 infection of the pulmonary endothelium in postmortem lung samples from individuals who died of COVID-19, demonstrating both heterogeneous ACE2 expression and endothelial damage. In primary endothelial cell cultures, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection is dependent on the induction of ACE2 protein expression and that this process is facilitated by type 1 interferon-alpha (IFNα) or -beta(β)—two of the main anti-viral cytokines induced in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection—but not significantly by other cytokines (including interleukin 6 and interferon γ/λ). Our findings suggest that the stereotypical anti-viral interferon response may paradoxically facilitate the propagation of COVID-19 from the respiratory epithelium to the vasculature, raising concerns regarding the use of exogenous IFNα/β in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
Turbulent Prandtl number and characteristic length scales in stably stratified flows: steady-state analytical solutions
Authors: Basu Sukanta , Holtslag Albert A. M.
Published: October 2021

In this study, the stability dependence of turbulent Prandtl number ($$Pr_t$$

P

r
t

) is quantified via a novel and simple analytical approach. Based on the variance and flux budget equations, a hybrid length scale formulation is first proposed and its functional relationships to well-known length scales are established. Next, the ratios of these length scales are utilized to derive an explicit relationship between $$Pr_t$$

P

r
t

and gradient Richardson number. In addition, theoretical predictions are made for several key turbulence variables (e.g., dissipation rates, normalized fluxes). The results from our proposed approach are compared against other competing formulations as well as published datasets. Overall, the agreement between the different approaches is rather good despite their different theoretical foundations and assumptions.