bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF CHINA’S LANGUAGE RESOURCES
Authors:   Beijing Language and Culture University, People’s Republic of China, Li Yuming
Published: December 2020

Forty years have passed since the concept of language resources was proposed. In the 1980s, Australia formulated the National Language Policy based on this concept. Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has started to put this concept into practice. National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center was established, and projects such as the Chinese Language Audio Database Resources and the National Project of Chinese Language Resource Preservation were carried out. China has successfully held International Conference on Role of Linguistic Diversity in Building a Global Community with Shared Future in cooperation with the UNESCO and has adopted the Yuelu Proclamation. China has been outstanding in advocating the concept of language resources and implementing language protection. Research on China’s language resources is carried out on the basis of the practices of language planning. The focus of research has moved from the nature of language as resources and their classification to the understanding of the functions of language resources. This article offers a detailed historical survey of the theories and practices of China’s language resources. It classifies language resources into three categories: oral, written, and derivative resources, and analyzes three functional domains of language resources: language reservation, language information processing, and language learning. In addition, this article proposes the view of language knowledge and regards language as not only a semiotic system, but also a bank for storing human language knowledge system and cultural system.
CULTURAL IDENTITY PLANNING IN CHINA: A DIACHRONIC STUDY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION POLICY
Authors: Yuanyuan Liu , Fei Deng , Ronghui Zhao
Published: December 2020

This paper, by applying Discourse-Historical Approach [Wodak & Boukala, 2015], makes a diachronic analysis of 38 English Language Education Policy (ELEP) documents mandated in China since the 1980s, with the aim of generalizing the changing trajectory of cultural identity planning in China context of teaching English as a foreign language. It finds that ELEP before the year 2000 had a strong instrumentalism orientation, where a scientific planning of Chinese cultural identity is missing; then after the year 2000, cross-cultural communication ability is emphasized and learners’ Chinese cultural identity has been brought to the foreground. Currently, the policy discourses are mainly on deﬁning foreign language talents and optimizing curriculum design with an aim to cultivate “dialogical communicators” [Gao Yihong, 2014a, b]. The paper concludes that cultural identity construction through top-down policy implementation would be a prolonged and challenging endeavor.
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ БРАЗИЛЬСКОГО ВАРИАНТА ПОРТУГАЛЬСКОГО ЯЗЫКА СКВОЗЬ ПРИЗМУ КОДИФИЦИРОВАННОЙ НОРМЫ
Authors: Гуревич Дмитрий Л.
Published: December 2020

Бразильский вариант португальского языка, имеющий общую с другими национальными вариантами, прежде всего пиренейским (европейским) вариантом, языковую систему, обладает набором регулярно встречающихся отличий, касающихся реализации этой системы. Причины подобных отклонений определяются социально-историческими условиями складывания бразильского общества и социолингвистическими факторами, влиявшими на формирование бразильского варианта. В статье выделяется двенадцать грамматических моделей, затрагивающих на мофрологическом уровне реализацию грамматических категорий числа и лица в местоимении и в глаголе, и категорию залога, а на синтаксическом уровне отражающих изменение моделей глагольного управления, форму и позицию объектного местоимения, виды синтаксичесической эмфазы. Эти модели отклоняются от кодифицированной нормы, но имеют широкое распространение в разных функциональных стилях бразильского варианта как в письменной, так и в устной речи. Их статус по-разному оценивается нормативно-прескриптивными и дескриптивными грамматиками португальского языка. Наличие подобных языковых отклонений ставит вопрос об их соотношении с существующей языковой нормой и о критериях, влияющих на ее формирование.
MODO-TEMPORAL MICRO-SYSTEMS IN CONTEMPORARY ORAL FRENCH
Authors: Ponchon Thierry
Published: December 2020

The ability to use verbal modes and tenses in spoken French differently from standard French is undeniably a phenomenon that is part of social usage, especially among young people. Indeed, faced with a great variety and complexity of modes and tenses in written French, the speaker will tend to use in his speech only grammatical forms strictly necessary for immediate communication. This article is based on a survey carried out over a period from 2005 to 2010, put into understanding with another independent oral corpus, in order to better underline the contrasts. The resulting cross-analysis shows not only the evolution of the language as a sociolect, but also the ability of some speakers to adapt their speech to the minimalist need for interlocution. First, it focuses on the opposition between the modal-temporal organization of written French and of contemporary spoken language. In a second step, it characterizes in this field the differentiation of use in “standard” oral French and in “spontaneous” oral French, to end up delineating the modo-temporal architectonics of the latter. By highlighting the fact that the variations and the trends identified are a social trait and are part of the vitality of the language, thus, this study contributes to a more precise definition of “spontaneous” oral French as a social language and is intended to be an illustration of the contemporary sociopragmatic use of the French language.
У ИСТОКОВ СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИКИ – ТРАКТАТ Б. ДЕ АЛЬДРЕТЕ (1606 Г.)
Authors: Косарик Марина Афанасьевна
Published: December 2020

В статье предложена новая интерпретация трактата Б. Де Альдрете “Del origen y principio de la lengua castellana o romance que oi se usa en España” как раннего сочинения социолингвистического, а не только исторического. Преимущественное внимание ренессансного филолога к внешней истории языка связано с приоритетом социолингвистической тематики (что объясняется важностью для Испании рубежа XVI–XVII вв. вопросов языковой политики и на Пиренейском полуострове, и в Новом Свете. Образцом автору служит политика Римской империи, на протяжении всего трактата проводятся параллели между Римом и Испанией. Описание всех этапов истории Испании (Римской провинции, вестготского королевства, арабского завоевания и Реконкисты, сложившегося национального государства) отражает, пока на эмпирическом уровне, основные черты сменяющихся социолингвистических ситуаций: многоязычие; диглоссию; формирование ареалов иберо-романских языков; средства, направленные на достижение одноязычия; зарождение понятий «родной язык», «народный язык», «национальный язык», «язык государства»; отражение свойств и функций национального литературного языка, проблематики функционального, территориального, социального языкового варьирования. Социолингвистическая проблематика отражается и в описании морфологии, лексики.
ИТАЛЬЯНСКИЙ ЯЗЫК В КАНТОНЕ ГРАУБЮНДЕН (ШВЕЙЦАРИЯ): СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Смирнова Мария А.
Published: December 2020

В статье анализируется комплексная социолингвистическая ситуация, сложившая вокруг итальянского языка в швейцарском кантоне Граубюнден. Несмотря на то, что согласно Конституции государственными языками Швейцарской Конфедерации признаны четыре языка, де-факто Граубюнден является единственным кантоном, где трилингвизм (немецкий, ретороманский, итальянский) установлен институционально. При этом италоязычное меньшинство составляет лишь 14 % от общего количества жителей, что делает его на кантональном уровне абсолютным меньшинством после ретороманского. Последовательно рассматриваются понятие итальянской Швейцарии и места, которое занимает в ней Граубюнден; законодательное регулирование многоязычия; статистические данные и отдельные языковые ситуации в некоторых муниципалитетах кантона; типологическая классификация швейцарского варианта итальянского языка и возможное наличие в его диалектах интерферентных явлений, связанных с влиянием немецкоязычного и ретороманского окружения. Пристальное внимание уделяется также обзору источников для дальнейшего лингвистического анализа швейцарского варианта итальянского языка в целом и граубюнденского варианта в частности, в особенности толковым и переводным словарям итальянских гельветизмов. Подробно освещается деятельность общества Pro Grigioni и некоторых электронных научных и образовательных ресурсов, доступных всем, кто интересуется итальянским языком в Швейцарии.
Manufacture of Cellular Glass Using Oak Leaves as a Foaming Vegetable Agent
Authors: Paunescu Lucian , Axinte Sorin Mircea , Dragoescu Marius Florin , Cosmulescu Felicia
Published: December 2020

Abstract                                                        

The manufacture experimentation of a cellular glass exclusively from mineral waste and natural residues using the unconventional technique of microwave irradiation was the objective of the research whose results are presented in the paper. The originality of the paper results from the use of oak leaves as a vegetable foaming agent as well as the use of microwave energy in heating processes of the raw material powder mixture for manufacturing thermal insulating materials for the building construction. Worldwide, these processes use only conventional heating techniques. The experimental results led to the conclusion that both the use of waste and residues, as well as the unconventional heating technique allow to obtain porous materials with structural homogeneity having apparent densities and thermal conductivities that can decrease up to 0.34 g/cm3, and 0.071 W/m·K respectively. The compressive strength corresponding to the materials with the lowest values of density and thermal conductivity has an acceptable value (1.2 MPa) for the field of application. The specific energy consumption is around 1 kWh/kg, being approximately at the same level with the values of industrial consumptions achieved by conventional techniques.
Analysis of Basic Principles for Sensor System Design Process Mobile Robots
Authors: Lyashenko Vyacheslav , Sotnik Svitlana
Published: December 2020

This work considers general classification of SS, which is grouped according to their functional tasks and consists of three groups of devices, as result, an analysis is carried out and features that must be taken into account when designing such sensor systems are determined. The paper proposes a general principle for design of sensor systems of mobile robots, which differs in that an initial model is proposed, which will be one of key components for further design concept. General principles of sensory systems organization are proposed: sensitivity, modality, adaptation and speed.
Automating Estimation of Battery State of Charge Using Experimental Data in MatLab
Authors: Vibhuti Pradeep
Published: December 2020

This paper explains how to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of a battery using implementation of characteristics governing equations and and lookup table. Look up table containing experimental data like charging resistance, discharging resistance and battery voltage in an excel sheet. Estimation of state of charge as a function of voltage is simulated with the help of experimental data in the form of lookup table in Matlab simulink and mscript. A 4V battery was charged and discharged at a 2.3 ampere for an hour. Matlab simulunk model with m.scipt is developed to determine terminal voltage and state of charge is obtained at any given time.
The effectiveness of military service experience on job experience
Authors: Lee Donghwan , Jung Yunyoung
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the military service experience on the job experience. Although people have passionately focused on discussions on the transition of the conscription system, relatively few studies have been conducted on the relationship between the military service experience and the individual job experience. In addition, prior studies on the relationship between the military service experience and the job experience have produced inconsistent results, and have narrowly focused on quantitative labor market variables such as pay and employment status. To fill these research gaps, we conducted this study by simultaneously using the following quantitative and qualitative outcome variables: pay, employment status, job satisfaction, and perceived job-required capacities. In addition, we explained the study results using distinct halo and sigma effects from antecedent studies that used human capital theory and the screening effect for applying national differences between the USA and South Korea.
A literature review of recent topics in Korean Military Art and Science
Authors: Lee Jonggill
Published: December 2020

The Republic of Korea, which is the only divided country in the world, is an extremely prominent country facing an existential enemy named “North Korea”. In Korea, the military science field is gaining interest and importance. However, as it is a specialized field, research is scarce. In this study, through text mining, we attempted to analyze 69 regular papers’ abstracts in the military science and domestic social science fields. These abstracts were present in the Korea Citation Index (KCI), which publishes the latest research trends and, in this case, trends in military studies. As a result, research is being conducted on various subjects. In particular, 63% (44) of these were found to be related to the construction of military power such as security cooperation, external situations, research and development, and defense reform. This study applied an unstructured data analysis method called text mining and attempted to analyze the subject of several papers from a more scientific perspective. Hence, it can be considered a study of great significance as it was able to provide an overall understanding of general research trends and trends in recent military studies.
A study on the need to develop a next-generation K9 through opportunity-threat analysis
Authors: Jang Sangguk
Published: December 2020

This study aims to highlight the need to develop a next-generation K9 through opportunity-threat (OT) analysis. In doing so, it considered the state of the security of the four major powers in Northeast Asia, new threats from North Korea, as well as the advanced science and technology engendered by the fourth industrial revolution. Finally, it considered defense reform and the worldwide development trend of self-propelled artillery. Opportunity factors include the guarantee of a “Ground Operations Command-Army Corps”-focused operational environment, expanded counterfire warfare system, and the development of export-oriented artillery while maintaining a leading position as a developing country. Additionally, the threat factors include an insufficient response capability to the new large-caliber multiple rocket launchers of North Korea, and possible deficiencies in combat power owing to the obsolescence of K9. Moreover, imposing limitations on the development of critical technologies focused on developing ultra-long-range strategic strike cannon artillery constitutes a threat. Therefore, this study highlights the need to develop a next-generation K9 through OT analysis, and is expected to increase defense exports by maintaining the country's lead in artillery development.
Synthesis and Characterizations of ZnO Thin Films Grown by Physical Vapor Deposition Technique
Authors: Mohammed Raghad , Ahmed Sabah , Abdulrahman Ahmed , Hamad Samir
Published: December 2020

In the current study, Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been synthesized over the whole the glass-slide substrate by utilizing the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique. The Zinc (Zn) seed layer was deposited by heating the high purity Zn powder by using a molybdenum (Mo) boat at 37.503×10-3 Torr vacuum pressure of the PVD chamber. The ZnO thin films were fabricated by oxidation of the Zn seed layer coated glass-slide substrate at 400 °C. The morphological, chemical compositions, crystal quality, structural and optical properties of fabricated ZnO thin film were characterized and studied utilizing several characterization techniques. The results found that the high distribution density, homogenous, uniform, and high-quality ZnO thin film was grown over the entire substrate. The synthesized ZnO thin film with a thickness of 130 nm was grown with high purity and polycrystalline hexagonal-Wurtzite phase of ZnO. The sharp, and dominant diffraction peak was observed at peak position 34.3375 along (002) plane and c-axis. The investigated crystal size, dislocation density, and interplanar spacing were about 13.33 nm, 5.63×10-5 A°, and 2.609 A°, respectively. Also, UV-visible spectroscopy results show the high transmittance and low absorbance in the visible (Vis.) region and were about 90%, and the transmittance decreases sharply near the UV region at a wavelength around 383 nm. Besides, obtained the energy band-gap (Eg) was about 3.24 eV.
Mildly Hierarchical Triple Dynamics and Applications to the Outer Solar System
Authors: Bhaskar Hareesh , Li Gongjie , Hadden Sam , Payne Matthew J. , Holman Matthew J.
Published: December 2020

Three-body interactions are ubiquitous in astrophysics. For instance, Kozai–Lidov oscillations in hierarchical triple systems have been studied extensively and applied to a wide range of astrophysical systems. However, mildly hierarchical triples also play an important role, but they are less explored. In this work, we consider the secular dynamics of a test particle in a mildly hierarchical configuration. We find the limit within which the secular approximation is reliable when the outer perturber is in a circular orbit. In addition, we present resonances and chaotic regions using surface-of-section plots, and characterize regions of phase space that allow large eccentricity and inclination variations. Finally, we apply the secular results to the outer Solar System. We focus on the distribution of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (eTNOs) under the perturbation of a possible outer planet (Planet 9), and find that in addition to a low-inclination Planet 9, a polar or a counter-orbiting one could also produce pericenter clustering of eTNOs, while the polar one leads to a wider spread of eTNO inclinations.
Vitamin D: a Review of its Effects on Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
Authors: Snegarova Violeta , Naydenova Darina
Published: December 2020

Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone with known beneficial effects on several body systems other than the musculoskeletal system. Both 25 dihydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)2D] and its active hormonal form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] are essential for hu-man physiological functions, including damping down inflammation and the excessive intracellular oxidative stresses. In the present study we set out to review all available literature on vitamin D and the role it plays in epigenetics and gene regulation. We searched the PubMed/Medline electronic database for studies published in the English language up to January 2020. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) database was searched with the keywords ‘vitamin D’, ‘DNA methylation’, ‘nutritional supplements’, ‘epigenome’ and ‘pregnancy’. Observational studies, supplementation studies, and meta-analyses dealing with the effect of vitamin D on epigenetics and gene regula-tion were included in the review. The obtained information from the databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate was analysed and summarized. We found that hypovitaminosis D increases the incidence and severity of several age-related common diseases such as the oxidative stress-associated metabolic disorders. These include obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, pregnancy complications, memory disorders, osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, and systemic inflammatory diseases. New understandings of vitamin D-related advances in metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, in relation to its ability to control oxidative stress in conjunc-tion with micronutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants, following normalization of serum 25(OH)D and tissue 1,25(OH)2D concentra-tions, are likely to promise better cost-effective clinical outcomes in humans. There is a strong reciprocity between the vitamin D system and epigenetic mechanisms. The vitamin D system is, on the one hand regu-lated by epigenetic mechanisms and, on the other hand, is involved in regulating epigenetic events.
Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Graklanov Vasko , Popov Veselin , Raycheva Ralitsa
Published: December 2020

Aim: То investigate the serum levels of vitamin D in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma.

Patients and methods: In this study we measured the serum levels of vitamin D in 37 patients (19 women, 18 men) at a median age of 68 years and a diagnosis of MM according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria. The immunoassay tests used for the quantification of 25 (OH) – Vitamin D were original ELISA kits Immundiagnostic and the measurement was done before starting the treatment.

Results: Serum levels below the optimum (<30 ng/ml) were recorded in all 37 patients. The median value of vitamin D was 4.3±6.5 mg/ml, the maximum value measured was 24.7 mg/ml, which is below the lower limit of the reference value for deficiency.

Conclusions: In this study, we found extremely low serum vitamin D levels in most of the newly diagnosed MM patients.
Quantification of Frailty Syndrome in ICU Patients with Clinical Frailty Scale
Authors: Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Kosenai Konstantina , Gika Eleni , Alefragkis Dimitrios , Keskou Despoina , Mandila Christina
Published: December 2020

Quantification of frailty is useful both for understanding the nature of the syndrome and for designing an ICU care plan for patients that suffer from it. Knowing the needs and deficits of each patient individually, it is possible to create a care plan suitable to cover all the patients’ needs. Tools used to date to quantify frailty syndrome are the Fried phenotype, Frailty index, Edmonton Frailty Scale, and Clinical Frailty Scale. The Clinical Frailty Scale is one of the most user-friendly scales with particular predictive value. By recording and analyzing the information collected and ranking ICU patients at nine points on the scale, it is possible to draw valid predictive conclu-sions about the mortality or institutionalization needs that are present within the next five years. 
Effect of Removable Complete Dentures on the Fundamental Frequency of Speech
Authors: Hussein Majed , Hristov Ilian
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Removable complete dentures alter the spectrum of speech sounds by changing the elasto-plastic properties of certain areas of the oral cavity walls, and the geometric characteristics of the vocal resonator. These relationships predetermine largely the aims of conventional studies on the effect of prosthetic dentures on speech function.

Aim: To investigate the effect removable dentures have on the fundamental frequency of speech during different stages of the adapta-tion period.

Materials and methods: We analysed 96×2 digital sound recordings made by 64 patients (32 male and 32 female). Each patient was asked to say ‘three, two, one, zero, start’ three times: before denture placement, after denture placement, and after a two-week adaptation period. The pitch contours of F0 and the numeric values were obtained using the Speech Analyzer - SIL Language Technology software.

Results: Immediately after denture placement, in male patients F0 increased by 12% on the average, and in female patients – by 10%. Two weeks after denture placement, F0 regained its normal value (p<0.05). 

The mean value of F0, whose raising can be interpreted as an acoustic correlate of temporary psychological stress, returned to normal after a brief adaptation period (in this case – 14 days).

Conclusions: The results on the systematic changes of F0 in the course of the complete denture prosthetics are indicative for the systematic speech impediments before, and the absence of such impediments after (in case of successful prosthetics) the adaptation.
A Collision between Cavernous-Capillary Hemangioma with Stromal Luteinization and Serous Cystadenoma
Authors: Shopov Spasimir T.
Published: December 2020

A collision tumor represents a coexistence of two adjacent but histologically distinct tumors without histologic admixture in an organ. Serous tumors of the ovary are the most common forms of epithelial tumors, and cavernous hemangiomas are rare in the ovary. Howev-er, a collision between them is an extremely rare pathology. Here the author presents a report of a 74-year-old woman whose ultrasound examines establishes rounded left ovary formation with hypo- and hyperdense sections. Paraclinical: CA125 within normal range. Serum levels free testosterone 3.79 nmol/l (normal 0.49-2.64 nmol/l for women). The histology showed benign serous cystadenoma and vascular lesions composed of capillary and cavernous vessels amongst luteinized stromal cells. The luteinized cells were positive for inhibin A. The endothelial cells were negative for estrogen and progesterone receptor. A search was conducted in the Medline database via PubMed using the terms: ‘hemangioma’, ‘ovary’, ‘collision’, ‘serous cystadenoma’, no more than 70 articles for ovarian hemangiomas appeared, and no articles for a collision between serous cystadenoma and mixed hemangioma with stromal luteinization in the ovary. From the reference, this is the first reported case of collision between serous cystadenoma and mixed cavernous-capillary hemangioma with stromal luteinization in the ovary. This rare case of collision between tumors in the ovary sheds light on possible tumor pathology in the woman’s reproductive system, which must be considered by gynaecologists and pathologists.
Brain Metastases from Non-small-cell Lung Carcinoma – CyberKnife Re-irradiation after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
Authors: Popov Veselin
Published: December 2020

Lung cancer is the most common neoplasia and the most common cause of cancer mortality. The condition is usually diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage, which is a bad prognostic factor. Around 40% of all oncology patients with brain metastases have lung cancer.

Modern linear accelerators allow clinicians to perform radiosurgery and deliver a high radiation dose to low volume with a high dose gradient. Herein we present a 55-year-old male patient who received radiosurgery four times over three years – two times with Gamma Knife and two times with CyberKnife. Re-irradiation gives the opportunity to treat a local progression of a metastasis, which already has been irradiated. A series of control brain magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a good local control of treated lesions with no necrosis in surrounding healthy tissue or significant oedema. The neurological symptoms were completely controlled and the quality of life of the patient improved considerably. Radiosurgery is a prevalent, non-invasive, painless method of treatment with proven clinical results. It may be reused as long as it has clinical benefits to the patient.
Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals new species in Rhytismataceae (Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Zhang Jin-Feng , Liu Jian-Kui , Hyde Kevin D. , Ekanayaka Anusha H. , Liu Zuo-Yi
Published: December 2020

Karst formations represent a unique eco-environment. Research in the microfungi inhabiting this area is limited. During an ongoing survey of ascomycetous microfungi from karst terrains in Guizhou Province, China, we discovered four new species, which are introduced here as Hypoderma paralinderae, Terriera karsti, T. meitanensis and T. sigmoideospora placed in Rhytismataceae, based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. Molecular analyses, based on concatenated LSU-ITS-mtSSU sequence data, were used to infer phylogenetic affinities. Detail descriptions and comprehensive illustrations of these new taxa are provided and relationships with the allied species are discussed, based on comparative morphology and molecular data.
A new species of Chromis damselfish from the tropical western Atlantic (Teleostei, Pomacentridae)
Authors: McFarland Emily P. , Baldwin Carole C. , Robertson David Ross , Rocha Luiz A. , Tornabene Luke
Published: December 2020

Initially described in 1882, Chromis enchrysurus, the Yellowtail Reeffish, was redescribed in 1982 to account for an observed color morph that possesses a white tail instead of a yellow one, but morphological and geographic boundaries between the two color morphs were not well understood. Taking advantage of newly collected material from submersible studies of deep reefs and photographs from rebreather dives, this study sought to determine whether the white-tailed Chromis is actually a color morph of Chromis enchrysurus or a distinct species. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genes cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I separated Chromis enchrysurus and the white-tailed Chromis into two reciprocally monophyletic clades. A principal component analysis based on 27 morphological characters separated the two groups into clusters that correspond with caudal-fin coloration, which was either known or presumed based on the specimen’s collection site according to biogeographic data on species boundaries in the Greater Caribbean. Genetic, morphological, and biogeographic data all indicate that the white-tailed Chromis is a distinct species, herein described as Chromis vanbebberaesp. nov. The discovery of a new species within a conspicuous group such as damselfishes in a well-studied region of the world highlights the importance of deep-reef exploration in documenting undiscovered biodiversity.
A contribution to the knowledge of cavernicolous ground beetles from Sichuan Province, southwestern China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini, Platynini)
Authors: Tian Mingyi , He Li
Published: December 2020

Two new genera and four new species of cave-adapted ground beetles are described from Sichuan Province, southwestern China.Uenoaphaenopsgen. nov.is established to place the trechine speciesQianotrechus faniUéno, 2003 occurring in the limestone cave Hua’er Dong, southeastern Sichuan (Luzhou: Gulin).Chu pheggomisetoidesgen. nov. & sp. nov., from the limestone cave Hanwang Dong, northeastern Sichuan (Guangyuan: Chaotian), is somewhat like the European cavernicolous trechine genusPheggomisetesKnirsch, 1923, from Bulgaria and Serbia, in particular in the configurations of head and pronotum.Boreaphaenops liyuanisp. nov., also from Hanwang Dong, is the second representative of the genus and the first record in Sichuan.Agonotrechus sinotroglophilusDeuve, 1999, a troglophile, is reported from Sichuan for the first time. The other two new species belong to the platynine genusJujiroaUéno, 1952:J. uenoisp. nov.from the cave Banche Dong on the northern side of the Dadu River (Leshan: Shawan) andJ. wangzhenisp. nov.from the cave Hua’er Dong, which is sympatric withUenoaphaenops fani(Uéno, 2003)comb. nov.A distribution map for the localities of all abovementioned caves and a key toJujiroaspecies known in Sichuan are provided.
Cyberostracism: Emotional and behavioral consequences in social media interactions
Authors: Galbava Simona , Machackova Hana , Dedkova Lenka
Published: December 2020

This study focuses on the effect of cyberostracism on social networking sites. Based on the temporal need-threat model of ostracism, we examined a) reflexive reactions, specifically worsened mood and threats to the four fundamental needs (i.e., belongingness, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and control), and b) reflective reactions, in the form of prosocial, antisocial, and avoidance behavior. We also focused on the role of social anxiety. Using the experimental tool Ostracism Online, we conducted an online experiment to manipulate ostracism, measure self-reported reflexive reactions, and measure reflective reactions in a newly developed cooperative financial game. The participants were 196 young Czech adults (age 18-30; 62% women). T-tests showed worsened mood and higher threat connected to all four of the fundamental needs in the reflexive stage in ostracized participants. Regression models showed that social anxiety had a small effect on reflexive reactions, but it did not moderate the effect of ostracism. The type of threatened need and social anxiety did not predict a reflective reaction. The only significant predictor of antisocial response was experienced ostracism. Even a mild form of ostracism such as the lack of reactions by strangers to a shared post can lead to negative emotional and behavioral consequences.

Este estudio se centra en el efecto del ostracismo cibernético en los sitios de redes sociales. Sobre la base de un modelo de necesidad temporal-amenaza del ostracismo, analizamos el efecto en reacciones reflexivas, específicamente el empeoramiento del ánimo y amenaza a cuatro necesidades fundamentales (sentido de pertenencia, autoestima, existencia con sentido y control), y la reacción reflexiva en forma de comportamiento prosocial, antisocial o evasivo. También nos concentramos en el papel que desempeña la ansiedad social. Mediante el uso de la herramienta experimental Ostracism Online (Ostracismo en línea), realizamos un experimento en línea en el que se manipuló el ostracismo, se midieron las reacciones reflexivas autoinformadas en un juego financiero cooperativo recientemente desarrollado. Los participantes fueron 196 adultos jóvenes checos (de 18 a 30 años; 62% mujeres). T-tests demostraron empeoramiento del ánimo y amenaza más alta en las cuatro necesidades fundamentales en la etapa reflexiva de los participantes ostracidos. Los modelos de regresión mostraron que la ansiedad social tenía poco efecto en las reacciones reflexivas, pero no moderaba el efecto del ostracismo. El tipo de necesidad amenazada y ansiedad social no predijo la reacción reflexiva; el único indicador significativo de la respuesta antisocial fue el ostracismo experimentado. Incluso una forma leve de ostracismo en forma de falta de reacciones por parte de extraños a la publicación compartida puede dar lugar a consecuencias emocionales y conductuales negativas.
Optimal investment and reinsurance to minimize the probability of drawdown with borrowing costs
Authors: Yuan Yu , Liang Zhibin , Han Xia
Published: December 2020

We study the optimal investment and reinsurance problem in a risk model with two dependent classes of insurance businesses, where the two claim number processes are correlated through a common shock component and the borrowing rate is higher than the lending rate. The objective is to minimize the probability of drawdown, namely, the probability that the value of the wealth process reaches some fixed proportion of its maximum value to date. By the method of stochastic control theory and the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, we investigate the optimization problem in two different cases and divide the whole region into four subregions. The explicit expressions for the optimal investment/reinsurance strategies and the minimum probability of drawdown are derived. We find that when wealth is at a relatively low level (below the borrowing level), it is optimal to borrow money to invest in the risky asset; when wealth is at a relatively high level (above the saving level), it is optimal to save more money; while between them, the insurer is willing to invest all the wealth in the risky asset. In the end, some comparisons are presented to show the impact of higher borrowing rate and risky investment on the optimal results.
Exact noise cancellation for 1d-acoustic propagation systems
Authors: Lohéac Jérôme , Boultifat Chaouki N. E. , Chevrel Philippe , Yagoubi Mohamed
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with active noise control applied to a one-dimensional acoustic propagation system. The aim here is to keep over time a zero noise level at a given point. We aim to design this control using noise measurement at some point in the spatial domain. Based on symmetry property, we are able to design a feedback boundary control allowing this fact. Moreover, using D'Alembert formula, an explicit formula of the control can be computed. Even if the focus is made on the wave equation, this approach is easily extendable to more general operators.
Les villes en Afrique avant 1900. Bilan historiographique et perspectives de recherche
Authors: Coret Clélia , Zaugg Roberto , Chouin Gérard
Published: December 2020

Quels nouveaux questionnements émergent plusieurs décennies après les premières études académiques ? Quelles sont les réponses apportées et quelles sources sont mobilisées ? Ce numéro thématique propose un bilan historiographique des recherches menées sur les villes, tout en s’inscrivant dans les réflexions méthodologiques les plus récentes autour de la question des relations entre le territoire urbain et l’exercice du pouvoir avant le xxe siècle, à travers ses aspects matériels et symboliques. Des études de cas au Maghreb, en Afrique occidentale forestière et sahélienne et en l'Afrique de l'Est abordent ces enjeux.
The effects of diagnostic hysteroscopy on the reproductive outcomes of infertile women without intrauterine pathologies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Soo Yeon , Chon Seung-Joo , Lee Seon Heui
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Hysteroscopy can be used both to diagnose and to treat intrauterine pathologies. It is well known that hysteroscopy helps to improve reproductive outcomes by treating intrauterine pathologies. However, it is uncertain whether hysteroscopy is helpful in the absence of intrauterine pathologies. This study aimed to confirm whether hysteroscopy improves the reproductive outcomes of infertile women without intrauterine pathologies.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of 11 studies retrieved from Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent investigators extracted the data and used risk-of-bias tools (RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I) to assess their quality.Results: Diagnostic hysteroscopy prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was associated with a higher clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) than non-hysteroscopy in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) (odds ratio, 1.79 and 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–2.30 and 1.08–1.97 for CPR and LBR, respectively) while hysteroscopy prior to first IVF was ineffective. The overall meta-analysis of LBR showed statistically significant findings for RIF, but a subgroup analysis showed effects only in prospective cohorts (odds ratio, 1.40 and 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–1.56 and 1.04–2.07 for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohorts, respectively). Therefore, the LBR should be interpreted carefully and further research is needed. Conclusion: Although further research is warranted, hysteroscopy may be considered as a diagnostic and treatment option for infertile women who have experienced RIF regardless of intrauterine pathologies. This finding enables nurses to educate and support infertile women with RIF prior to IVF/ICSI.
Chemotherapy for Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Associated Infections Over Two Decades in India: Timeline and Impact on Outcome
Authors: Uppuluri Ramya , Swaminathan Venkateswaran Venkateswaran , Ravichandran Nikila , Ramanan Kesavan Melarcode , Meena Satishkumar , Varla Harika , Ramakrishnan Balasubramaniam , Jayakumar Indira , Raj Revathi
Published: December 2020

Background: Infection and relapse constitute the two main challenges in the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children. Real-world data in children treated in low-and-middle income countries are sparse as the cost of supportive care is high. Patients and Methods: We present data on children up to 18 years of age undergoing chemotherapy for AML as per UKMRC AML protocol from 2002 to June 2019 and pattern of sepsis. Results: The incidence of culture-positive sepsis was similar pre- and post-2012 (52.6% vs. 72.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common organism. There was a significant increase in carbapenem resistance post 2012 (14% vs. 67%, P = 0.032). Sepsis-related induction mortality has remained at 6.2% despite an increase in drug-resistant bacterial infections over two decades. The overall survival was 53% (n=48), with a plateau in the survival curve after 24 months, relapse being the most common cause of death (69%). Conclusions: Sepsis-related induction mortality can be maintained at less than 10% in children undergoing chemotherapy for AML, despite increasing drug-resistant bacteremia, with adequate supportive care and trained personnel including pediatric intensivists and nurses.
Atypical presentations of Bowen's disease: A case series
Authors: Sirka Chandra Sekhar , Sahu Kananbala , Dash Gaurav , Pradhan Swetalina , Rout Arpita Nibedita
Published: December 2020

Bowen's disease (BD) is a rare premalignant condition. Classically, it presents as a well-demarcated erythematous plaque. Atypical variants in terms of the site (genitals and back) and morphology such as verrucous, hyperkeratotic, atrophic, and pigmented types are rarely described in the literature. This is the first case series of atypical presentation of BD. We herein report five cases of BD diagnosed clinically and histopathologically, presenting with rare morphology over unusual sites. They were treated successfully with both medical and surgical modalities. BD can be a diagnostic challenge for a physicians as it mimics common conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. This case series is reported to bring awareness regarding such unusual presentation and sites of BD for early detection and treatment among dermatologists, thus preventing malignant transformation.
Drag Reduction of TVS Scooty using a Windshield for the Rider Comfort Improvement
Authors: Singh Sudhir Kumar , Agrawal B.P. , Agrawal Brahma Nand , Dubey Kaushalendra Kumar , Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Phanden Rakesh Kumar
Published: December 2020

Rider comfort and safety has become an essential theme in the design of two-wheeler vehicles. Comfort incorporates wind noise, air pressure on the rider, visibility and the stability of the Scooty handle. Rider comfort and the potential aerodynamics concern have encouraged the current authors to carry out the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of TVS pep+ Scooty. Numerical computations were carried out using the standard k-Îµ turbulence model to examine the aerodynamic force coefficients, pressure distribution, velocity vector and streamlines around the Scooty and rider. Simulations were done for a range of speed on an existing and redesigned model of Scooty with a different windshield height. The simulation result shows that there is a reduction in the coefficient of drag (Cd) from 1.58 (baseline model) to 0.95 (model 3) at a speed of 60kmph. The pressure contour reveals the inclusion of the windshield of height 130mm in the baseline model has diminished the pressure drag on the rider. Visual of velocity contour depicts that the velocity of the air decrease above the neck region with in-creasing windshield height at a vehicle speed 120kmph. This study reinforces the need of windshield height of 150mm in the baseline model to avoid unwanted aerodynamic benefits on the rider.
Numerical Prediction of the Bending Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviour in Asymmetric Spur Gears
Authors: Pandian A.Karthik , Gautam Sachin Singh , Senthilvelan S.
Published: December 2020

The damage tolerance of a component is crucial for achieving a reliable and smooth operation. The crack propagation in a spur gear critically affects the performance of the transmission system. Asymmetric gears are used for enhancing the load-carrying capacity by increasing the pressure angle of a flank beyond the conventional limits. In this study, the effect of initial crack inclination angle and length in the tooth fillet region on the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) and the crack path of an asymmetric gear (34Â°/20Â°) were studied using numerical simulations. Quasi-static analyses were performed in FRANC2D. The crack propagation life was calculated using Paris law. Results revealed that tooth asymmetry has no effect on the crack path. However, asymmetric tooth form caused a reduction in the SIF value and increased the critical crack length, leading to an increased crack propagation life and damage tolerance.
Crescimento de mudas de Lafoensia glyptocarpa utilizando lodo de esgoto compostado e diferentes lâminas de água
Authors: Oliveira Luana Soares , Araújo Francineide Morais de , Costa Gustavo Henrique Gravatim , Lobo Thomaz Figueiredo , Siqueira Marcos Vinícius Bohrer Monteiro
Published: December 2020

Avaliou-se o crescimento de mudas de mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne) em diferentes concentrações de lodo de esgoto compostado (LEC), substrato comercial (SC) e lâminas de água (L). O delineamento experimental, em parcelas subdivididas, contou com 4 repetições, dispostas em 3 L e 5 diferentes tratamentos. Avaliou-se: altura, número de folhas, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca das raízes e parte aérea e o índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). O uso de SC + LEC apresentou os melhores resultados nos diferentes parâmetros, porém, o IQD sugere o uso de 100% LEC com irrigação L2 (25,5 mm 9 min ao dia).
The Swiss STAR trial – an evaluation of target groups for sexually transmitted infection screening in the sub-sample of men
Authors: Schmidt Axel J. , Rasi Manuela , Esson Cate , Christinet Vanessa , Ritzler Michael , Lung Thomas , Hauser Christoph V. , Stoeckle Marcel , Jouinot Florent , Lehner Andreas , Lange Katharina , Konrad Torsten , Vernazza Pietro
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES
In Switzerland, universal health insurance does not cover any routine testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), not even in individuals at high risk, and extra-genital swabbing is not standard of care. We determined the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), viral hepatitis and non-viral STIs in a multicentre prospective observational cohort of multi-partner men who have sex with men (MSM) and other men.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between January 2016 and June 2017, we offered free STI testing to all men with multiple sexual partners (three or more in the previous 12 months), with follow-up examinations every 6 months. We used multiplex polymerase chain-reaction testing (for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium) on pooled swabs (pharynx, urethra/vagina, anus), and antibody tests for HIV and Treponema pallidum at every visit, and for hepatitis B/C at baseline.

RESULTS
We screened 779 multi-partner MSM and 92 other men. Previously undiagnosed HIV was found in 0.5% vs 0.0%, respectively and T. pallidum antibodies in 15.3% vs 1.1%. STIs requiring antibiotic treatment comprised: active syphilis 1.7% vs 0.0%; N. gonorrhoeae 10.3% vs 0.0%; C. trachomatis 8.7% vs 1.1%. One in four MSM versus 1 in 100 other multi-partner men had any of these three STIs at baseline. 10.4% vs 1.3% had a history of hepatitis B, 31.9% vs 47.3% had no immunity (HBs-AB <10 IU/l). Ten MSM had HCV antibodies (1.4%), with 8 out of the 10 being MSM with HIV; HCV seroprevalence was 0.3% among HIV-negative MSM. In MSM, incidence of the three bacterial STIs was 25.5 per year over 333 person years of follow-up, HIV incidence was 0.3%. Non-condom-use (in the last 3 months) for anal/vaginal sex was not associated with STIs. Independent risk factors were sex with men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 16.4) and the number of sexual partners (aOR 2.3 for >20).

CONCLUSION
Among MSM, but not among other multi-partner men, STIs, mostly asymptomatic, are common. Given the high risk of onward transmission, low-cost or free routine screening of multi-partner MSM is a public health priority.