bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the application of ultradeep azimuthal electromagnetic resistivity tools in detecting igneous formations ahead of the transmitter
Authors: Smart Leanne , Maguire Alistair , Layfield Lucinda K. , Bower Mike , Schofield Nick
Published: April 2024

The Faroe–Shetland basin (FSB) is considered challenging for oil and gas exploration due to its complex geological structure and limited exploration drilling activity. The costs of drilling in the basin are the most expensive within the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) due to varying geological and engineering challenges. The prevalence of igneous sill complexes within the basin present drilling hazards that contribute to drilling nonproductive time (NPT) and are documented in multiple studies.

Recent advancements in ultradeep azimuthal resistivity (UDAR) technology which utilizes the look-ahead portion of the electromagnetic (EM) signal presents an opportunity to assess its suitability as a derisking tool to ‘look-ahead’ and detect igneous intrusions in volcanic basins. This paper utilizes resistivity log data from Well 214/28-1, which encountered multiple igneous intrusions and is used to validate the ability of these tools to detect the intrusions.

The EM look-ahead technology detected with good confidence the top of an igneous intrusion 72 ft (22 m) true vertical depth (TVD) ahead of the transmitter and once drilled, detect the base of the intrusion 54 ft (16 m) TVD ahead of transmitter. The detection of the intrusions prior to drilling and information on intrusion thickness can enable proactive drilling decisions to reduce nonproductive time.
A Design Vocabulary for Scaffolding Group Interaction Archetypes through Synchronous Telephony
Authors: Richardson Dan , Islam Md Adnanul , Cumbo Bronwyn J. , Shrestha Pranita , Varghese Delvin , Bartindale Tom , Olivier Patrick
Published: April 2024

Multiple HCI projects have demonstrated the potential of digitally-enhanced, synchronous telephony platforms for use with and by resource-limited communities. However, these platforms were each designed to only facilitate a single archetype of community engagement, limiting their capacity for adaptation when contextual or stakeholder requirements change. This paper builds upon these projects to introduce a design vocabulary, grounded in a formal ontology describing the core components necessary to run adaptable, structured engagements through synchronous group telephony. Through a series of scenarios, we present how this design vocabulary can be used to: help design and communicate different models of synchronous audio engagements, describe existing technologies, and highlight other novel ways in which such platforms could be used. We discuss how while under-explored to this point, synchronous telephony platforms can be designed to orchestrate stakeholder engagements with a degree of flexibility previously impossible in remote, offline contexts.
A Step Toward Better Care: Understanding What Caregivers and Residents in Assisted Living Facilities Value in Health Monitoring Systems
Authors: Cherian Josh , Ray Samantha , Mernar Thomas , Taele Paul , Mach Helen , Koh Jung In , Ye Ping , Hammond Tracy
Published: April 2024

The past several decades have seen significant advances in monitoring older adults' health and well-being. However, creating viable, practical monitoring systems for informing caregivers requires understanding which behaviors and signs to track and what approaches best present that information. To investigate how technology can be leveraged to better augment caregivers' workflows, we take a multi-stage, qualitative approach to gain insights into the needs of caregivers and the older adults receiving care. Specifically, we use a series of domain expert interviews, cognitive walkthroughs, and semi-structured interviews with residents, and we synthesize our takeaways using thematic analysis at each phase. Our results show that this type of monitoring technology has great potential to reduce the effort needed by caregivers to complete their responsibilities and communicate with their teams. Additionally, we found that older adults are receptive to the technology but their privacy and autonomy must be prioritized for the sake of their mental wellbeing. These insights will facilitate greater intelligent interface development for Person-Centered Care by identifying important design considerations and vital features that require system support.
A Turn to Assets in Community-Based Computing Research: Tradeoffs, Deficits, and Neoliberalism in Technological Development
Authors: Hardy Jean , Thebault-Spieker Jacob
Published: April 2024

CSCW and HCI scholars are increasingly adopting asset-based approaches to community-based social computing research. Emerging from asset-based community development (ABCD), an approach to community and economic development research and practice that emerged in the 1990s, advocates for asset-based approaches argue that a "needs-based approach" to development is overly focused on community deficits, and in doing so portrays communities in a largely negative light. Using ABCD methods, social computing scholars work to aid communities in identifying, classifying, and deploying their unrealized assets through sociotechnical systems. But researchers deploying asset-based approaches in CSCW and HCI more broadly have yet to grapple with the origins of ABCD in neoliberal economic shifts of the 1980s and 1990s that perpetuated distrust in the state and sought to transfer development power to private, local actors. Drawing on a case study of controversy around the construction of a cell tower in a very remote and rural community in the Midwestern United States to examine the inherent tradoffs present in asset- and deficit-based research.
AppealMod: Inducing Friction to Reduce Moderator Workload of Handling User Appeals
Authors: Atreja Shubham , Im Jane , Resnick Paul , Hemphill Libby
Published: April 2024

As content moderation becomes a central aspect of all social media platforms and online communities, interest has grown in how to make moderation decisions contestable. On social media platforms where individual communities moderate their own activities, the responsibility to address user appeals falls on volunteers from within the community. While there is a growing body of work devoted to understanding and supporting the volunteer moderators' workload, little is known about their practice of handling user appeals. Through a collaborative and iterative design process with Reddit moderators, we found that moderators spend considerable effort in investigating user ban appeals and desired to directly engage with users and retain their agency over each decision. To fulfill their needs, we designed and built AppealMod, a system that induces friction in the appeals process by asking users to provide additional information before their appeals are reviewed by human moderators. In addition to giving moderators more information, we expected the friction in the appeal process would lead to a selection effect among users, with many insincere and toxic appeals being abandoned before getting any attention from human moderators. To evaluate our system, we conducted a randomized field experiment in a Reddit community of over 29 million users that lasted for four months. As a result of the selection effect, moderators viewed only 30% of initial appeals and less than 10% of the toxically worded appeals; yet they granted roughly the same number of appeals when compared with the control group. Overall, our system is effective at reducing moderator workload and minimizing their exposure to toxic content while honoring their preference for direct engagement and agency in appeals.
BPCoach: Exploring Hero Drafting in Professional MOBA Tournaments via Visual Analytics
Authors: Liu Shiyi , Ma Ruofei , Zhao Chuyi , Li Zhenbang , Xiao Jianpeng , Li Quan
Published: April 2024

Hero drafting for multiplayer online arena (MOBA) games is crucial because drafting directly affects the outcome of a match. Both sides take turns to "ban"/"pick" a hero from a roster of approximately 100 heroes to assemble their drafting. In professional tournaments, the process becomes more complex as teams are not allowed to pick heroes used in the previous rounds with the "best-of-N" rule. Additionally, human factors including the team's familiarity with drafting and play styles are overlooked by previous studies. Meanwhile, the huge impact of patch iteration on drafting strengths in the professional tournament is of concern. To this end, we propose a visual analytics system, BPCoach, to facilitate hero drafting planning by comparing various drafting through recommendations and predictions and distilling relevant human and in-game factors. Two case studies, expert feedback, and a user study suggest that BPCoach helps determine hero drafting in a rounded and efficient manner.
"Centralized or Decentralized?": Concerns and Value Judgments of Stakeholders in the Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) Market
Authors: Xiao Yunpeng , Deng Bufan , Chen Siqi , Zhou Kyrie Zhixuan , LC Ray , Zhang Luyao , Tong Xin
Published: April 2024

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are decentralized digital tokens to represent the unique ownership of items. Recently, NFTs have been gaining popularity and at the same time bringing up issues, such as scams, racism, and sexism. Decentralization, a key attribute of NFT, contributes to some of the issues that are easier to regulate under centralized schemes, which are intentionally left out of the NFT marketplace. In this work, we delved into this centralization-decentralization dilemma in the NFT space through mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. Centralization-decentralization dilemma is the dilemma caused by the conflict between the slogan of decentralization and the interests of stakeholders. We first analyzed over 30,000 NFT-related tweets to obtain a high-level understanding of stakeholders' concerns in the NFT space. We then interviewed 15 NFT stakeholders (both creators and collectors) to obtain their in-depth insights into these concerns and potential solutions. Our findings identify concerning issues among users: financial scams, counterfeit NFTs, hacking, and unethical NFTs. We further reflected on the centralization-decentralization dilemma drawing upon the perspectives of the stakeholders in the interviews. Finally, we gave some inferences to solve the centralization-decentralization dilemma in the NFT market and thought about the future of NFT and decentralization.
Characterizing Developers' Linguistic Behaviors in Open Source Development across Their Social Statuses
Authors: Han Yisi , Wang Zhendong , Feng Yang , Zhao Zhihong , Wang Yi
Published: April 2024

Open Source Software (OSS) development has attracted numerous developers. As a typical complex sociotechnical system, an OSS project often forms a hierarchical social structure where a few developers are elite while the rest are non-elite. Differences in social status may result in distinct language use behaviors in interpersonal communication. Characterizing such behaviors is critical for supporting efficient and effective communication among developers with different social statuses. This study empirically compared elite and non-elite developers' language behaviors in their communication. We compiled a corpus of - 216,000 discourses collected from 20 large projects on GitHub. We investigated the linguistic differences in three aspects, namely, linguistic styles and characters, main concerns, and sentence patterns. Our findings reveal that elite and non-elite developers showed different linguistic patterns and had different concerns in their discourses. Their discourses also reflect the variation of the main focuses in the development process. Furthermore, elite and non-elite developers exhibited noticeable patterns in their linguistic behaviors in accordance with their roles and corresponding divisions of labor in the production process, no matter which semantic contexts. These findings provide implications for supporting communication that crosses social statuses in OSS development.
Communicating the Privacy-Utility Trade-off: Supporting Informed Data Donation with Privacy Decision Interfaces for Differential Privacy
Authors: Franzen Daniel , Müller-Birn Claudia , Wegwarth Odette
Published: April 2024

Data collections, such as those from citizen science projects, can provide valuable scientific insights or help the public to make decisions based on real demand. At the same time, the collected data might cause privacy risks for their volunteers, for example, by revealing sensitive information. Similar but less apparent trade-offs exist for data collected while using social media or other internet-based services. One approach to addressing these privacy risks might be to anonymize the data, for example, by using Differential Privacy (DP). DP allows for tuning and, consequently, communicating the trade-off between the data contributors' privacy and the resulting data utility for insights. However, there is little research that explores how to communicate the existing trade-off to users. % We contribute to closing this research gap by designing interactive elements and visualizations that specifically support people's understanding of this privacy-utility trade-off. We evaluated our user interfaces in a user study (N=378). Our results show that a combination of graphical risk visualization and interactive risk exploration best supports the informed decision, \ie the privacy decision is consistent with users' privacy concerns. Additionally, we found that personal attributes, such as numeracy, and the need for cognition, significantly influence the decision behavior and the privacy usability of privacy decision interfaces. In our recommendations, we encourage data collectors, such as citizen science project coordinators, to communicate existing privacy risks to their volunteers since such communication does not impact donation rates. %Understanding such privacy risks can also be part of typical training efforts in citizen science projects. %DP allows volunteers to balance their privacy concerns with their wish to contribute to the project. From a design perspective, we emphasize the complexity of the decision situation and the resulting need to design with usability for all population groups in mind. % We hope that our study will inspire further research from the human-computer interaction community that will unlock the full potential of DP for a broad audience and ultimately contribute to a societal understanding of acceptable privacy losses in specific data contexts.
Community Archetypes: An Empirical Framework for Guiding Research Methodologies to Reflect User Experiences of Sense of Virtual Community on Reddit
Authors: Prinster Gale H. , Smith C. Estelle , Tan Chenhao , Keegan Brian C.
Published: April 2024

Humans need a sense of community (SOC), and social media platforms afford opportunities to address this need by providing users with a sense of virtual community (SOVC). This paper explores SOVC on Reddit and is motivated by two goals: (1) providing researchers with an excellent resource for methodological decisions in studies of Reddit communities; and (2) creating the foundation for a new class of research methods and community support tools that reflect users' experiences of SOVC. To ensure that methods are respectfully and ethically designed in service and accountability to impacted communities, our work takes a qualitative and community-centered approach by engaging with two key stakeholder groups. First, we interviewed 21 researchers to understand how they study community" on Reddit. Second, we surveyed 12 subreddits to gain insight into user experiences of SOVC. Results show that some research methods can broadly reflect user experiences of SOVC regardless of the topic or type of subreddit. However, user responses also evidenced the existence of five distinct Community Archetypes: Topical Q&A, Learning & Perspective Broadening, Social Support, Content Generation, and Affiliation with an Entity. We offer the Community Archetypes framework to support future work in designing methods that align more closely with user experiences of SOVC and to create community support tools that can meaningfully nourish the human need for SOC/SOVC in our modern world.
Concept of Operations as Epistemic Object: The Sociotechnical Design Roles of a Systems Engineering Document
Authors: Jones LeDoux Ridley , Lee Charlotte P. , Ghoshal Sucheta , Haselkorn Mark
Published: April 2024

When large, complex interorganizational collaborations create new systems, they must discover how the system should work and how it should integrate into the overall organizational milieu. These collaborations must also draw upon and accommodate a host of processes and resources. In this paper, we present results from a qualitative case study of a key policy and process document for a large design project for a civic traffic management system that must serve multiple organizations and government agencies. The document is one common to systems engineering, but less familiar to CSCW: the Concept of Operations (ConOps). We describe the sociotechnical design functions of the ConOps. We also analyze the document and its developmental process using Ewenstein and Whyte's concept of epistemic objects," which has been useful for CSCW and design research scholars to understand the roles artifacts play in the messy processes of design and cooperative work. We find that the ConOps exhibits many qualities of an epistemic object and supports the deeply integrated work of "designing" both the system and the interorganizational collaboration itself. We then explore avenues for future research in similarly complex infrastructural design settings.
eHealth Data Security and Privacy: Perspectives from Diverse Stakeholders in Malawi
Authors: Orii Lisa , Feldacker Caryl , Tweya Hannock , Anderson Richard
Published: April 2024

The development and adoption of eHealth in low- and middle-income countries has potential to advance the quality of care in healthcare settings that are challenged by weak infrastructure. Especially in the countries where HIV rates are high, there is need to implement electronic medical record systems to enhance care and improve treatment outcomes. Due to the sensitivity of HIV-related information, eHealth applications in HIV care necessitate the attention and prioritization of data security and privacy. We explored diverse stakeholders' views on data security and privacy in Malawi's public HIV care program to expand the understanding of gaps and opportunities in improving data protections. This work connects data security and privacy goals and practices with previous work on mobile device usage as well as global best practices for security and privacy in healthcare settings. A key finding articulated by stakeholders is the importance of establishing strong data security governance.
Exploring the Future of Informed Consent: Applying a Service Design Approach
Authors: McInnis Brian James , Pindus Ramona , Kareem Daniah , Gamboa Savannah , Nebeker Camille
Published: April 2024

Informed consent is a cornerstone of ethical human subject research. This practice demonstrates the ethical principle of "respect for persons." Our study was designed to imagine an informed consent future, specifically in a digital health context in which informed consent processes are mediated by sociotechnical systems. Design speed-dating workshops were conducted to explore dimensions of the consent communication design space, including social media, interactive quizzes, chat-bots, annotation tools, and virtual learning sessions. To explore both the user experience and how futuristic consent processes might be facilitated, the workshops involved people eligible to participate in digital health research (N=21) and service providers (N=20), including researchers and IRB members. Our findings offer five principles to improve digital informed consent processes: be concise, promote transparency, value time and effort, cultivate trust, and navigate platform risks.
HearHere: Mitigating Echo Chambers in News Consumption through an AI-based Web System
Authors: Jeon Youngseung , Kim Jaehoon , Park Sohyun , Ko Yunyong , Ryu Seongeun , Kim Sang-Wook , Han Kyungsik
Published: April 2024

Considerable efforts are currently underway to mitigate the negative impacts of echo chambers, such as increased susceptibility to fake news and resistance towards accepting scientific evidence. Prior research has presented the development of computer systems that support the consumption of news information from diverse political perspectives to mitigate the echo chamber effect. However, existing studies still lack the ability to effectively support the key processes of news information consumption and quantitatively identify a political stance towards the information. In this paper, we present HearHere, an AI-based web system designed to help users accommodate information and opinions from diverse perspectives. HearHere facilitates the key processes of news information consumption through two visualizations. Visualization 1 provides political news with quantitative political stance information, derived from our graph-based political classification model, and users can experience diverse perspectives (Hear). Visualization 2 allows users to express their opinions on specific political issues in a comment form and observe the position of their own opinions relative to pro-liberal and pro-conservative comments presented on a map interface (Here). Through a user study with 94 participants, we demonstrate the feasibility of HearHere in supporting the consumption of information from various perspectives. Our findings highlight the importance of providing political stance information and quantifying users' political status as a means to mitigate political polarization. In addition, we propose design implications for system development, including the consideration of demographics such as political interest and providing users with initiatives.
I'm Working on Erasing You, Just Don't Have the Proper Tools: Supporting Online Identity Management After the End of Romantic Relationships
Authors: Pinter Anthony T. , Brubaker Jed R.
Published: April 2024

After a break-up, people are left with data representative of their lost relationship - pictures, posts, and connections that exist because of that relationship. As part of breaking up and moving on, people often make decisions about managing that data. Prior work has identified two broad types of curatorial philosophies people adopt in data management: archivists and revisionists. However, what drives individuals to one approach remains unknown and is difficult to design sociotechnical systems for. Through focus group interviews with couples still together, we present a decision-making framework for data management. We outline factors that can influence individuals' decision to act as an archivist or revisionist in the wake of a break-up. From our data and framework, we identify six implications for design to improve user experiences in the wake of a break-up, and from those implications, offer concrete suggestions for design for social media platforms.
Improving Grading Fairness and Transparency with Decentralized Collaborative Peer Assessment
Authors: Alipour Sharareh , Elahimanesh Sina , Jahanzad Soroush , Mohammadi Iman , Morassafar Parimehr , Neshaei Seyed Parsa , Tefagh Mojtaba
Published: April 2024

Computer-assisted collaborative peer grading is a developing growth area in academic evaluation. However, peer assessment often needs help with problems such as the lack of reliability, transparency, fairness, grading speed, and motivation to participate among students. The literature suggests several principles that each partly address the said issues. We propose a novel decentralized approach to academic peer assessment, using blockchain as an underlying technology, to address the principal problems in traditional peer assessment. We also derive design concepts for a modern courseware (CW) application consisting of our method and apply them to implement our approach in a CW called Blockment. We test the effectiveness of our method and system by running quantitative and qualitative experiments, proving our claims of improving reliability, transparency, fairness, grading speed, and motivation of grades in peer assessment. The results suggest embedding our method and system in academic courses to improve conventional peer grading methods.
"Innovative Technologies or Invasive Technologies?": Exploring Design Challenges of Privacy Protection With Smart Home in Jordan
Authors: Albayaydh Wael , Flechais Ivan
Published: April 2024

The growing adoption of smart devices has fuelled privacy concerns, and prior research has highlighted the privacy of bystanders: individuals who are subjected to the smart device use of others. Most of this research has focused on households in Western contexts (i.e., Europe and North America), but few studies have explored the design challenges of protecting bystanders, and even fewer have explored these in Muslim Arab Middle Eastern settings, such as Jordan.

We conduct 44 interviews with users (i.e., families, domestic workers), local and international business leaders, and smart device designers to explore design challenges for privacy protection in the Jordanian context. Our analysis highlights the importance of considering contextual influences and power dynamics, localization and design guidelines, innovative technologies, awareness to design, and regulation. This paper concludes with recommendations for technical, social, business, and legal interventions to improve data protection design of smart devices in Jordan.
Investigating the Possibility of Using an AR Mask to Support Online Psychological Counseling
Authors: Noh Hayoun , Go Juhee , Song Sophia , Kim Songi , Kang Younah
Published: April 2024

Mental health problems are prevalent issues in modern society. While psychological counseling has been a traditional solution, it faces such barriers as negative societal perceptions and limited accessibility. To overcome these, researchers have explored remote counseling via video/voice calls. Despite its advantages of accessibility, convenience, and anonymity, the lack of personal interaction continues to be a drawback. This study investigates the feasibility of using an augmented reality (AR) mask in remote counseling and whether it could increase the level of self-disclosure-which is often used to measure the effectiveness of counseling-while maintaining anonymity. We conducted a controlled experiment and a qualitative user study to assess the effects of AR masks on counselees' level of self-disclosure during remote counseling. The results suggest that AR masks can increase this level more effectively for people with a low disposition for self-disclosure.
Is a Seat at the Table Enough? Engaging Teachers and Students in Dataset Specification for ML in Education
Authors: Tan Mei , Lee Hansol , Wang Dakuo , Subramonyam Hari
Published: April 2024

Despite the promises of ML in education, its adoption in the classroom has surfaced numerous issues regarding fairness, accountability, and transparency, as well as concerns about data privacy and student consent. A root cause of these issues is the lack of understanding of the complex dynamics of education, including teacher-student interactions, collaborative learning, and classroom environments. To overcome these challenges and fully utilize the potential of ML in education, software practitioners need to work closely with educators and students to fully understand the context of the data (the backbone of ML applications) and collaboratively define the ML data specifications. To gain a deeper understanding of such a collaborative process, we conduct ten co-design sessions with ML software practitioners, educators, and students. In the sessions, teachers and students work with ML engineers, UX designers, and legal practitioners to define dataset characteristics for a given ML application. We find that stakeholders contextualize data based on their domain and procedural knowledge, proactively design data requirements to mitigate downstream harms and data reliability concerns, and exhibit role-based collaborative strategies and contribution patterns. Further, we find that beyond a seat at the table, meaningful stakeholder participation in ML requires structured supports: defined processes for continuous iteration and co-evaluation, shared contextual data quality standards, and information scaffolds for both technical and non-technical stakeholders to traverse expertise boundaries.
Knowledge Spillover: Between Serendipity and Strategic Planning - Lessons for Practice-oriented Interventions into Regional Innovation Systems
Authors: Kudic Muhamed , Krüger Max , Gerbracht Marc , Ahmadi Michael , Boden Alexander , Stein Martin , Kotthaus Christoph , Vitt Nico , Unbehaun David , Tolmie Peter , Wulf Volker
Published: April 2024

Previous CSCW research has paid increasing attention to regional innovation systems providing the context for CSCW research and design. In this paper we provide insights into attempts to intervene in such a regional innovation system via practice-oriented activities. Our findings describe experiences of co-creating knowledge around digitization of SMEs on a regional level, beyond individual company contexts. We reflect on the benefits and challenges such an approach affords and highlight the importance of interpersonal relationships and similarities between practices in different contexts to enable intended but also initially unexpected knowledge spillovers. Our findings highlight how a praxeological approach to CSCW can be influential in regional development programs, and open this field to CSCW research and design. We draw out lessons for similar interventions and outline fruitful avenues for future research.
Navigating the Gray: Design Practitioners' Perceptions Toward the Implementation of Privacy Dark Patterns
Authors: Zhang-Kennedy Leah , Keleher Maxwell , Valiquette Michaela
Published: April 2024

Designers are sometimes accused of using deceptive methods to manipulate users' information privacy decisions through "privacy dark patterns." Through semi-structured interviews, we explore the perceptions of 23 design practitioners towards the implementation of "privacy dark patterns" created by other designers. This paper explores designers' perceived responsibilities toward users' privacy and their interpretations of the reasons behind the design implementation. We found a range of empathetic rationales among our participants toward other designers' intentions. An example theme is Designer Followed the Status Quo, where common and widely used privacy interfaces are normalized a practice that is typically viewed as reasonable. Our participants' interpretations of the design intent influenced their self-reported practices for navigating similar design requests. We propose a set of factors that influence privacy design practices, including following conventions and norms, ensuring legal compliance, reliance on established usability standards, perceived benefits to businesses and consumers, and degrees of privacy harm.
NewsGuesser: Using Curiosity to Reduce Selective Exposure
Authors: Sun Lu , Zhang Hengyuan , Liu Enze , Liu Mingyang , Vaccaro Kristen
Published: April 2024

Selective exposure has long been a concern of HCI researchers as it can lead to ideological polarization and distrust in society. Efforts have tried to reduce selective exposure online by serving diversified news content, but their effectiveness has been limited by users' lack of motivation to engage with the diverse content offered. To address this, we design the NewsGuesser system, which leverages the insight that curiosity can prompt motivation and engagement, by asking readers to guess the source of their news. In interviews with 40 participants, balanced for partisan affiliation, we use NewsGuesser as a probe tool to explore how guessing affects their perceptions of selective exposure. Participants struggled with the guessing game, which revealed a misalignment between users' expectations of different news sources and reality. Faced with the visualizations of the (often inaccurate) guessing results, participants were able to reflect on their own biases and selective exposure. In a number of cases, the guessing process changed participants' impressions of news organizations and some expressed an interest in engaging with more diverse news sources. While many also found the guessing game frustrating, the system and interview results suggest a number of new directions for designing social media and news media platforms.
Older Adults' Collaborative Learning Dynamics When Exploring Feature-Rich Software
Authors: Baghestani Afsane , Latulipe Celine , Bunt Andrea
Published: April 2024

Collaborative learning has been suggested as a promising approach to help older adults learn new technology, however, its effectiveness has been understudied in the context of feature-rich applications. We conducted an observational study with the aim of identifying aspects of collaborative learning, including characteristics of collaborative partners, that impact older adults' exploratory learning behaviour in feature-rich software. We recruited 22 participants (6 younger adults and 16 older adults) who formed 5 same-age and 6 mixed-age dyads. These dyads worked together remotely to explore a feature-rich application, which was new to them. We classified dyadic interactions into four different collaboration dynamics characterized by distinct attributes. We discovered that effective communication and the ability to navigate the software independently enabled a successful collaboration dynamic that empowered learners. We showed that trust between partners enabled effective communication and we observed that the existing relationship between partners strongly impacted their communication patterns. The more complicated study tasks required participants to validate the correctness of their work and this validation was particularly difficult for some novice older adults who did not benefit from transfer learning and struggled with navigation issues.
Promoting Family Play through Asymmetric Game Design
Authors: Pais Pedro , Gonçalves David , Gerling Kathrin , Romão Teresa , Guerreiro Tiago , Rodrigues André
Published: April 2024

For families, where abilities, motivations, and availability vary widely, opportunities for intergenerational play are limited. Designing games that cater to these differences remains an open challenge. In this paper, we first identify barriers related with time and expertise. Next, we propose asymmetric game design and asynchronous play to reconcile children's and adults' requirements; and interdependent gameplay mechanics to foster real-world interactions. Following this approach, we designed a testbed game and conducted a mixed-methods remote study with six pairs of adult-child family members. Our results showcase how asymmetric, asynchronous experiences can be leveraged to create novel gaming experiences that meet the requirements of family play. We discuss how interdependent progress can be designed to promote real-world interactions, creating pervasive conversational topics that permeate the family routine.
The Subtleties of Self-Presentation: A study of sensitive disclosure among sexual minority adolescents
Authors: Pinch Annika , Birnholtz Jeremy , Macapagal Kathryn , Kraus Ashley , Moskowitz David
Published: April 2024

Disclosing sensitive information online, such as an LGBTQ+ identity or potentially stigmatized behavior, can be necessary for many reasons, especially for those who identify as LGBTQ+ and may rely on social platforms for meeting others and social support. At the same time, these disclosures can lead to harassment and stigmatization. Evidence suggests that today's social platforms provide many more options and opportunities for sensitive disclosure than are possible offline, but we lack a taxonomy of disclosure strategies. Drawing on Goffman's self-presentation framework, we examined two types of sensitive disclosure within the cisgender male adolescent gay, bisexual, and/or queer (GBQ) population: revealing one's GBQ identity on social media and revealing the use of an anti-HIV medication, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), on both social media and dating apps. We find that today's online environment, with its different affordances, provides new opportunities for disclosure, such as the use of associations, repeated over time. Participants had distinct ideas about what disclosures were normative and relevant to particular social platforms and audiences. Lastly, we discuss suggestions for how platform design might promote sensitive disclosure.
"They Don't Come With a Handbook": Exploring Design Opportunities for Supporting Parent-Child Interaction around Emotions in the Family Context
Authors: Theofanopoulou Nikki , Antle Alissa N. , Slovak Petr
Published: April 2024

Parenting practices have a profound effect on children's well-being and are a core target of several psychological interventions for child mental health. However, there is only limited understanding in HCI so far about how to design socio-technical systems that could support positive shifts in parent-child social practices in situ. This paper focuses on parental socialisation of emotion as an exemplar context in which to explore this question. We present a two-step study, combining theory-driven identification of plausible design directions with co-design workshops with 22 parents of children aged 6-10 years. Our data suggest the potential for technology-enabled systems that aim to facilitate positive changes in parent-child social practices in situ, and highlight a number of plausible design directions to explore in future work.
User Attitudes to Content Moderation in Web Search
Authors: Urman Aleksandra , Hannak Aniko , Makhortykh Mykola
Published: April 2024

Internet users highly rely on and trust web search engines, such as Google, to find relevant information online. However, scholars have documented numerous biases and inaccuracies in search outputs. To improve the quality of search results, search engines employ various content moderation practices such as interface elements informing users about potentially dangerous websites and algorithmic mechanisms for downgrading or removing low-quality search results. While the reliance of the public on web search engines and their use of moderation practices is well-established, user attitudes towards these practices have not yet been explored in detail. To address this gap, we first conducted an overview of content moderation practices used by search engines, and then surveyed a representative sample of the US adult population (N=398) to examine the levels of support for different moderation practices applied to potentially misleading and/or potentially offensive content in web search. We also analyzed the relationship between user characteristics and their support for specific moderation practices. We find that the most supported practice is informing users about potentially misleading or offensive content, and the least supported one is the complete removal of search results. More conservative users and users with lower levels of trust in web search results are more likely to be against content moderation in web search.
Who2chat: A Social Networking System for Academic Researchers in Virtual Social Hours Enabling Coordinating, Overcoming Barriers and Social Signaling
Authors: Park Soya , Song Jaeyoon , Karger David R. , Malone Thomas W.
Published: April 2024

Virtual academic networking is socio-technically challenging, however, fruitful for researchers' success. We introduce a system called Who2chat to tackle the challenge and facilitate connections of researchers in virtual social hours. Who2chat allows academic researchers to create a research profile and express their research interests, find researchers with similar interests, overcome social barriers, and coordinate and start video chats, all within a single interface. We engaged in an iterative design process by deploying Who2chat at academic conferences. In our preliminary deployment (N=80), we found that researchers often have difficulty finding other researchers who share similar interests, and they are shy about reaching out to other researchers. Inspired by this, we implemented social-signaling features to Who2chat and ran our first deployment (N=220). Our results highlight that the interface allowed users to find relevant researchers and helped them feel confident in joining conversations. However, this led to large group conversations where discussion topics were more superficial. In response, we developed and deployed our second interface (N=81). Key improvements were managing the size of conversations, dynamically determining and allowing individuals to join a conversation based on their relevance to the ongoing discussion, and maintaining the ratio of senior and junior members, to further enhance the quality of discussions. As a result, participants were able to meet more people and engage in more meaningful conversations. Our work demonstrates an interface design for social networking in academic settings and how to lower social barriers in virtual networking.
A Computational Linguistic Approach to Study Border Theory at Scale
Authors: Douglas Timothy , Capra Licia , Musolesi Mirco
Published: April 2024

Border Theory suggests individuals create borders to manage the transitions between work and family (or, more generally, life) domains. The degree of separation or integration of domains across borders has an impact on the balance between work and life. Previous studies have shown individuals who perceive balance between work and life domains tend to be more satisfied with their lives, reporting higher physical and mental health. At times of crisis, such as during a pandemic, borders can be disrupted, affecting work-life balance and leading to a short- or long-term negative impact on well-being. Border theory provides a systematic lens through which to study these changes. However, changes cannot be studied using interviews or diaries as these are not at the scale required when societal disruptions occur. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using a computational linguistic approach to operationalize border theory at scale, using readily available social media data. In particular, we make two main contributions. First, we design metrics to measure key characteristics of borders. This involves the application of a transformer-based topic modeling technique, BERTopic, to detect topics from social media data. Second, we apply this operationalization to a case study of around a million tweets posted by nearly two hundred teachers and journalists in the UK from the beginning of 2019 to the end of 2022. In so doing, we longitudinally study and compare the changes in borders between work and life before, during, and after COVID-19 lockdown periods.
Party Face Congratulations! Exploring Design Ideas to Help Sighted Users with Emoji Accessibility when Messaging with Screen Reader Users
Authors: Griggio Carla F. , Gorman Benjamin M. , Tigwell Garreth W.
Published: April 2024

Emoji are a popular, expressive form of non-verbal communication. However, people often use emoji in ways that result in confusing or cumbersome screen reader output. We created two accessibility support designs: (1) Preview, which displays a basic text transcript of a message with emoji that a screen reader would narrate, and (2) Alert, which summarises potential accessibility issues caused by emoji within a message. We explored our designs using an online survey and provided participants with the option to edit messages that contained emoji, should they choose to do so. We collected 1508 modified messages from 116 sighted participants and conducted a qualitative analysis of the data to identify the strategies participants used when asked to edit a message for accessibility issues and their appreciation of each design. We found that participants preferred the Preview design over Alert since it allows for subjective interpretations of what constitutes an accessible message. We report sighted users' rewriting strategies (e.g., editing the message to move the emoji to the end) and incorrect assumptions about screen readers that would lead to using textual markers that are incompatible with screen readers. We discuss the design implications for future systems for accessible messaging.
Stories as Boundary Objects: Digital Storytelling with Migrant Communities for Heritage Discourses
Authors: Bala Paulo , Nisi Valentina , Nunes Nuno Jardim
Published: April 2024

Heritage is a dynamic concept, being constantly redefined by those that value it. Modern approaches to heritage bring focus to participatory processes that put communities at the centre of the heritage discourse. For migrant communities, these participatory processes can show the tension of integration versus identity, as migrants integrating into their host country can maintain, adapt or loose connections to their cultural identity. Digital storytelling platforms can offer space for exposing such tensions. In this paper, storytelling is adopted as a practice to engage three communities of migrants (with different socio-cultural contexts) on their relation to heritage. Through workshops, participants created 78 stories (accessible through a Digital Storytelling platform), which were thematically analysed. Using the concept of boundary objects, we discuss how participant's stories reflect heritage discourse and how they are entangled within the wider social, economic, and environmental context.
"That comes with a huge career cost:" Understanding Collaborative Ideation Experiences of Disabled Professionals
Authors: Das Maitraye , Stangl Abigale , Findlater Leah
Published: April 2024

Collaborative ideation plays a vital role in driving creativity and innovation across various professional and educational contexts. This study investigates the experiences of disabled individuals within the collaborative ideation process, specifically examining their utilization of digital whiteboarding tools. Through interviews with 19 professionals and academics with disabilities, alongside a thematic analysis of online forum posts for two popular digital whiteboarding platforms (Miro and Figma), we delve into the access barriers encountered by disabled individuals and the strategies they employ to create access in collaborative ideation. Our findings illuminate the multifaceted nature of access barriers, encompassing issues such as inaccessible visual features, technology-induced discomfort, unstructured nature of freeform content, and complex communication setups. Furthermore, we uncover the intricate dynamics involved in negotiating diverse access needs and conflicts within teams involving people with different disabilities. Through this analysis, we highlight tensions around proficiency with inaccessible technologies stemming from ableist standards of professional success and discuss the implications of our findings for the design of accessible collaborative ideation systems.