bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclotides, Cyclic Peptides Derived from Clitoria ternatea Linn Mature Pods, Hold Promise as Potential Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Tran Tam T. T. , Tran Gia‐Hoa , Cu Son T. , Pham Son H. , Nguyen Tuan H. N. , Dang Tien T.
Published: December 2023

Cyclotides, cysteine‐rich peptides, are derived from various plant sources. Within the Fabaceae family, Clitoria ternatea Linn distinguishes itself as the only species that has been confirmed to contain cyclotides in its tissues. Several investigations have been undertaken to identify and evaluate the activity of cyclotides derived from the plant. However, the investigation of cyclotides derived from mature pods of C. ternatea remains unexplored. To fill this gap, this study utilized three different extraction methods and employed LC–MS analysis to evaluate their effectiveness in extracting cyclotides. A solution comprising 70 % ethanol and 30 % water exhibited the highest efficacy for cyclotide extraction. A total of 14 cyclotide‐like molecules were successfully identified using this approach. Mixtures of cyclotides M1 and M2 demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against Bacillus subtilis (inhibition diameters: 17.83–19.67 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (inhibition diameters: 19.33–20.33 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of semi‐purified sample E70‐F2 is 1.56 mg/mL, while the MIC of semi‐purified E70‐F3 is 0.78 mg/mL. The MS tandem technique was utilized to sequence a total of seven known cyclotides. The findings of this study demonstrate considerable potential for the application of cyclotides derived from mature pods of C. ternatea as an environmentally friendly antimicrobial agent.
Recent Update on Alkylation of Indole and Its Derivatives Using N‐Tosylhydrazone
Authors: Vaishya Vartika , Singhal Rakshanda , Mehra Manish K. , Pilania Meenakshi
Published: December 2023

N‐Tosylhydrazones are valuable synthons in various organic transformations to achieve potent bioactive heterocycles. N‐tosylhydrazones largely serve as 1,3‐dipolar species for cycloaddition reactions, diazo precursors for carbene or carbenoid reactions, and alternatives to parent carbonyl compounds. On the other hand, indole derivatives exhibit wide range of pharmacological and therapeutic activities including anticancer, antiviral, antimalarial, antiasthmatic, antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory. This review mainly highlights the recent developments in the synthetic usefulness of N‐tosylhydrazones derived from indole‐carboxaldehydes and other carbonyl compounds. Moreover, the synthetic potential, scope, limitations, and mechanism of these transformations have also been discussed.
Hydro‐Photo‐Thermo‐Responsive Multicolor Luminescence Switching of a Ternary MOF Hybrid for Advanced Information Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Cuan Jing , Zhou Hui , Huang Xuefang , Cong Xinhang , Zhou You
Published: December 2023

Developing smart materials capable of solid‐state multicolor photoluminescence (PL) switching in response to multistimuli is highly desirable for advanced anticounterfeiting. Here, a ternary MOF hybrid showing hydro‐photo‐thermo‐responsive multicolor PL switching in the solid state is presented. This hybrid is constructed by co‐immobilizing Eu3+ and methyl viologen (MV) cations within an anionic MOF via the cation‐exchange approach. The confined guest cations are well arranged in the framework channels, facilitating the synergistic realization of stimuli‐responsive multiple PL color‐switching through intermolecular coupling. The hybrid undergoes a rapid and reversible PL color‐switching from red to blue upon water simulation, which is achieved by activating the blue emission of the framework linker while simultaneously quenching the Eu3+ emission. Furthermore, the hybrid displays photo‐thermo‐responsive PL switching from red to dark. UV‐light irradiation or heating triggers the chromic conversion of MV to its colored radical form, which exhibits perfect spectral overlap with Eu3+, thus activating Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from Eu3+ to MV radicals and quenching the Eu3+ emission. Inspired by these results, PL morse patterns are designed and fabricated using a novel triple‐level encryption strategy, showcasing the exciting potential of this hybrid in advanced anticounterfeiting applications.
A 3D Cross‐Linked Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF)‐Derived Polymer Electrolyte for Dendrite‐Free Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jia , Wang Xiao , Fu Jifang , Chen Liya , Wei Xiangrong , Jia Rongrong , Shi Liyi
Published: December 2023

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with high energy density have received widespread attention; however, there are usually issues with lithium dendrite growth and safety. Therefore, there is a demand for solid electrolytes with high mechanical strength, room‐temperature ionic conductivity, and good interface performance. Herein, a 3D cross‐linked metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived polymer solid electrolyte exhibits good mechanical and ionic conductive properties simultaneously, in which the MOF with optimized pore size and strong imidazole cation sites can restrict the migration of anions, resulting in a uniform Li+ flux and a high lithium‐ion transference number (0.54). Moreover, the MOF‐derived polymer solid electrolytes with the 3D cross‐linked network can promote the rapid movement of Li+ and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. Lithium symmetric batteries assembled with the 3D MOF‐derived polymer solid electrolytes are subjected to lithium plating/stripping and cycled over 2000 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 and over 800 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. The Li/P‐PETEA‐MOF/LiFePO4 batteries exhibit excellent long‐cycle stability and cycle reversibility.
Engineering Interfacial Pt─O─Ti Site at Atomic Step Defect for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Wang Lei , Mao Zhelin , Mao Xin , Sun Hai , Guo Panjie , Huang Run , Han Chao , Hu Ximiao , Du Aijun , Wang Xin
Published: December 2023

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of defect‐stabilized low‐Pt‐loading catalysts is closely related with defect type in support materials, while the knowledge about the effect of higher‐dimensional defects on the property and activity of trapped Pt atomic species is scarce. Herein, small size (5–10 nm) TiO2 nanoparticles with abundant surface step defects (one kind of line defect) are used to direct the uniform anchoring of Pt atomic clusters (Pt‐ACs) via Pt─O─Ti linkage. The as‐made low‐Pt catalysts (Pt‐ACs/S‐TiO2‐NP) exhibit exceptional HER intrinsic activity due to the unique step‐site Pi‐O‐Ti species, in which the mass activity and turnover frequency are as high as 21.46 A mg Pt−1 and 21.69 s−1 at the overpotential of 50 mV, both far beyond those of benchmark Pt/C catalysts and other Pt‐ACs/TiO2 samples with less step sites. Spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that the step‐defect‐located Pt─O─Ti sites can simultaneously induce the charge transfer from TiO2 substrate to the trapped Pt‐ACs and the downshift of d‐band center, which helps the proton reduction to H* intermediates and the following hydrogen desorption process, thus improving the HER. The work provides a deep insight on the interactions between high‐dimensional defect and well‐dispersed atomic metal motifs for superior HER catalysis.
A Simplified Approach Based on Cellular Automata for Describing Direct Reduced Iron Production in Different Reducing Conditions
Authors: Mapelli Carlo , Dall’Osto Gianluca , Mombelli Davide , Romano Matteo Carmelo , Scaccabarozzi Roberto , Spinelli Maurizio
Published: December 2023

A quick computation approach based on cellular automata is developed and implemented to describe the reduction of iron ore pellets by a mixture of reducing agents featured by different H2/CO ratios. The evolution of oxygen concentration inside the pellet is followed from the beginning to the end of contact between reducing agent and pellet. The variation of thermal state of pellets and gas mixture is computed based on their initial temperature, considering the heat involved and the convective heat exchange between pellet and gas mixture. The use of cellular automata and finite‐difference method to solve the diffusion equation point out the absence of any diffusion coefficient value, allowing to make the model fit the experimental trial, because the problem is that it is not ruled just by diffusion but also by the concentration variation of reducing agent inside the pellet due to porosity increasing during reduction. The updating of the reducing agents concentration implies a sharp decrease of oxygen concentration that the cellular automata model considers. The developed model is able to provide the in‐line control of reduction process and could be used to adjust the chemical concentration and temperature of injected reducing agents.
An asymptotically efficient closed‐form estimator for the Dirichlet distribution
Authors: Ho Chang Jae , Kyu Lee Sang , Kim Hyoung‐Moon
Published: December 2023

Maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the Dirichlet distribution is usually obtained by using the Newton–Raphson algorithm. However, in some cases, the computational costs can be burdensome, for example, in real‐time processes. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop a closed‐form estimator that is as efficient as the MLE for large sample. Here, we suggest asymptotically efficient closed‐form estimator based on the classical large sample theory.
Morin inhibits osteosarcoma migration and invasion by suppressing urokinase plasminogen activator through a signal transducer and an activator of transcription 3
Authors: Yang Jia‐Sin , Chou Chia‐Hsuan , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Lu Peace Wun‐Ang , Lin Ya‐Chiu , Yang Shun‐Fa , Lu Ko‐Hsiu
Published: December 2023

Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone cancer that affects adolescents worldwide, has the early metastatic potential to be responsible for high mortality rates. Morin has a multipurpose role in numerous cancers, whereas little is known about its role in osteosarcoma migration and invasion. Therefore, we hypothesized that morin suppresses the invasive activities and the migratory potential of human osteosarcoma cells. Our results showed that morin reduced migration and invasion capabilities in human osteosarcoma U2OS and HOS cells. Moreover, morin inhibited the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression through a signal transducer and an activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. After STAT3 overexpression, the decrease of the migratory potential and uPA expression caused by 100 μM of morin in U2OS cells was countered, indicating that STAT3 contributes to the antimetastatic property of morin in human osteosarcoma cells by reducing uPA. In conclusion, morin may be a potential candidate for the antimetastatic treatment of human osteosarcoma.
The Wild Boar Never Strikes Without Cause: Monstrous Hybrids, National Identity, and Gender in the Horror Movie Chawu
Authors: Höglund Anna
Published: December 2023

The wild boar has found its own unique space in the genre animal horror. The story of the monstrous wild boar describes conflicts between nature and culture, animal and human, and the criticism of civilization is a prominent theme. The place that produced the monstrous boar is important in the genre and it describes monstrous places where something has gone horribly wrong. The landscapes where the wild boar causes destruction are horrid liminal spaces between past and present. This chapter explores themes connected to South Korea’s dark history of colonial oppression and civil wars in the wild boar horror film Chawu (2009). In particular, it addresses issues regarding the construction of national identity, gender, and the hybridization of masculinities in contemporary South Korea.
Shadowing the Brutality and Cruelty of Nature: On History and Human Nature in Princess Mononoke
Authors: van der Linden Martin
Published: December 2023

In the Japanese animated movie Princess Mononoke (1997), humanity’s relationship with nature is commented upon historically by the movie’s director Miyazaki Hayao. Against the backdrop of Japan in the Muromachi period covered with ancient forests and inhabited by marginalized societies in conflict, the movie functions as a speculative fictional tool for Miyazaki to communicate and demonstrate an important historical and historiographic idea to the audience. Going against the romantic and nativist notion that humanity has lost its historical connection and harmony with nature, a major narrative theme in Princess Mononoke is the idea that the relationship between humanity and nature has throughout history always been cruel and brutal, and humans have never been able to fully live in harmony with nature.
Settler Colonial Solutions to Settler Colonial Problems: Settler Cinemas and the Crisis of Colonization of Outer Space
Authors: Lahti Janne
Published: December 2023

Settler colonialism tries to master the land, use it, and derive bounty from it, putting tremendous strain on and wrecking environments. This chapter examines settler colonial crises and failures by discussing how the recent blockbuster films Ad Astra and Interstellar tackle imaginary settler projects in outer space in the context of environmental problems and the precariousness of habitability. In both films, the remedy for settler colonial crisis seems to be more settler colonialism. This involves a denial of the fundamental problems settler colonization causes. These films show how settler projects refuse to end, to die out, or to turn back, and how settler colonialism rejects critical self-reflection in the face of human and environmental disasters.
‘I Get to Exist as a Black Person in the World’: Bridgerton as Speculative Romance and Alternate History on Screen
Authors: Posti Piia K.
Published: December 2023

In 2020, a TV drama series adaptation was made of Julia Quinn’s historical romance series Bridgerton (2000–2012). Several choices in the adaptation were inspired by the recent hypothesis that Queen Charlotte was Black, and an unusual number of Black actors were cast in roles that both fictionally and historically have been predominantly reserved for white actors. This article explores the hypothesis’ impact on the adaptation in the intersection of romance, race and history. What notions (historical and contemporary) of romance, race and historical accuracy are challenged and endorsed in contemporary popular media like the Bridgerton series? What are the benefits and setbacks from a decolonial perspective when Black people are cast, and “familiar” history is told, in such “unfamiliar” ways?
Language Mixing in the Contact of Finnish with Swedish, Estonian, and English: The Case of Mixed Compound Nouns
Authors: Kosunen Riitta , Frick Maria , Kolu Jaana
Published: December 2023

In this chapter, we explore the language use of people who speak Finnish as one language and either Swedish, Estonian, or English as another. The analysis concentrates on mixed compound nouns, that is, complex nouns which have one part in Finnish and the other in another language. We discuss how these instances of language mixing reflect the everyday life and discourse practices of the participants and how languages can sometimes be mixed for no detectable reason at all.
‘Somewhere Between Engineering and Humanities’: Discourses of Investment in Additional Language Learning Among Students of Higher Education in Finland
Authors: Räisänen Tiina
Published: December 2023

This chapter investigates discourses of investment in additional language learning among students of higher education in Finland. Additional languages in this context refer to those languages that pupils and students can choose to study. Using the concepts of investment, discourse, and scale, this sociolinguistic and discourse analytical study analyses 18 interviews of higher education students in various fields of technology and examines what kinds of spatial and temporal scales are at play when individuals talk about their investment in additional language learning. The chapter demonstrates how discourses of pleasure/enjoyment, struggle, and profit are drawn on by the students. The study also shows tensions between these discourses that reflect institutional values and neoliberal logic that permeate additional language learning practices and individual motivations in their investment efforts.
Talkin’ ’bout My Integration: Views on Language, Identity, and Integration Among Dutch and Finnish Migrants to the Swedish Countryside
Authors: Bijvoet Ellen , Östman Jan-Ola
Published: December 2023

Migration to the sparsely populated countryside in the North of Europe has received relatively little interest. We analyse how Finnish (labour) migrants and Dutch (life-style) migrants who have settled in a rural area in mid-Sweden discuss their challenges in relation to transnational migration. Our focus-group fieldwork data indicate that the Finnish and the Dutch participants have completely different views on what it means to be socially and linguistically integrated into a new home location. Our data also illustrate the intricacies of identity construction in transnational migration situations. We describe the Finns as ‘self-marginalised’ migrants who show little interest in becoming explicitly integrated into the village community, whereas the Dutch settlers as ‘involuntarily marginalised’ migrants are frustrated about the time it takes to become included in the local community. The analyses show the crucial importance of the migrants’ causes for migration and their expectations vis-à-vis social integration into a new community .
Silence and Question Marks in Drawings of Interactional Encounters
Authors: Niemelä Heidi
Published: December 2023

In this chapter, discourses, language ideologies, and visual representations of the Finnish language are analysed in the Finnish primary school context. Pupils from age 11 to 13 from the cities of Oulu and Helsinki were asked to ‘draw the Finnish language’. These visual representations consist of many elements, in which people make a frequent appearance. Most of the people represented in the context of the Finnish language are named as Finns. However, some interactional encounters between native speakers of Finnish and foreigners are also represented, and this chapter focuses on exploring these representations.

Six drawings from a data of 102 drawings of the Finnish language are being analysed in this chapter. In these drawings, an interactional encounter of a Finn and a foreigner or a lack of understanding is visualised.

This raises a question on the assumed connection between one’s nationality and language. Are foreigners not considered possible speakers of Finnish?
Using Gene Editing Strategies for Wheat Improvement
Authors: Nigro Domenica , Smedley Mark A. , Camerlengo Francesco , Hayta Sadiye
Published: December 2023

Despite wheat’s global importance, it has trailed behind the other major cereals regarding genomic tools and resources as well as gene transformation. As each gene usually exists as two copies in the tetraploid durum wheat or as three in hexaploid bread wheat, it is very difficult assess gene function and improve important agronomic traits in polyploid wheat with traditional breeding methods. Recent advances allow researchers to use gene editing technologies in wheat which facilitates the opportunity to knockout or modify one, two or all three gene homoeologs simultaneously, which is important to clarify the function and contribution of gene copies in a specific phenotype or trait. CRISPR-Cas technology is now being used routinely for gene knockout. Technological advancement has been rapid within the field, and recently more advance and precise methods have been deployed such as cytidine base editing, adenosine base editing, and prime editing in wheat. Here we summarised gene editing strategies that are presently being applied for wheat improvement.
CRISPR/Cas Mutation Screening: From Mutant Allele Detection to Prediction of Protein Coding Potential
Authors: Vereecke Elke , Van Laere Katrijn , Ruttink Tom
Published: December 2023

CRISPR/Cas is a gene-editing technique that allows for the precise and specific introduction of a mutation into a DNA sequence. The outcome of a mutation on encoded protein depends on the type of mutation (deletion, insertion and/or substitution) and the position of the mutation in the DNA sequence. It can be predicted by using screening methods that are able to identify a mutation at nucleotide level. Here, several screening methods are discussed with a difference in complexity, resolution and scalability and the results are interpretated by taken into account the central dogma of the molecular biology. Two modules of the SMAP package, SMAP haplotype-window and SMAP effect-prediction, are proposed and implemented in a high-throughput screening workflow that allows for the automated and streamlined screening of CRISPR experiments.
Genome Editing of a Macroalgae with Possible Global Impacts
Authors: Opsahl-Sorteberg Hilde-Gunn , Evju Espen
Published: December 2023

Kelp forests are major marine ecosystems and key sources of biodiversity comparable to tropical forests, as pointed out by Darwin on the Beagle in 1834: “Yet if in any country a forest was destroyed, I do not believe nearly so many species of animals would perish as would here, from the destruction of the kelp”. Despite the key roles supporting marine life, our understanding of their biology lags far behind that of land plants. Kelp mitigates the effects of climate change, sequesters CO2, reduces eutrophication while providing biomass for food, feed, and materials. Genome editing together with functional genomics can map genetic diversity potentials for temperature tolerance, important since they already face the upper tolerance limits in some regions. This chapter considers the major genome editing prerequisites; the transformation methods for introducing DNA/RNA and annotated genomes for predicting results. Risk assessments are discussed. These uses of genome editing show how widely applicable the techniques can be used from basic science to securing the global environment for our existence.
Kreislaufwirtschaft im Bauwesen
Authors: Gebetsroither Michaela , Honic Meliha , Kovacic Iva , Löffler Christoph , Marx Klemens , Pamminger Rainer , Robbi Steffen , Sustr Christian , Schützenhofer Stefan , Weber Gundula
Published: December 2023

Die Bauindustrie ist mit ca. ~ 40 % (massebezogen) einer der weltweiten größten Verbraucher von Ressourcen. Darüber hinaus verursacht sie weltweit ca. 1/3 der anthropogenen CO2 Emissionen und 40 % des Abfalls (volumenbezogen) (Heinrich und Lang 2019, S. 2–4). Auch in Österreich verantwortet der Gebäudesektor in 2020 17,3 % der gesamten Treibhausgasemissionen (BMK 2022).
EU – Taxonomie
Authors: Gebetsroither Michaela , Honic Meliha , Kovacic Iva , Löffler Christoph , Marx Klemens , Pamminger Rainer , Robbi Steffen , Sustr Christian , Schützenhofer Stefan , Weber Gundula
Published: December 2023

Spätestens seit dem Übereinkommen von Paris (COP21) im Jahr 2015 stehen Staaten und Unternehmen zunehmend vor der Herausforderung, sich damit zu beschäftigen, was nachhaltig ist und was nicht. Dieses wurde von 195 Vertragspartnern unterzeichnet und folgt der Leitlinie, die menschgemachte globale Erderwärmung auf deutlich unter 2 °C gegenüber vorindustriellen Werten zu begrenzen. Als Reaktion darauf hat die Europäische Union, als Vertragspartnerin des Übereinkommens von Paris, die Notwendigkeit des Übergangs zu einer emissionsarmen, ressourcenschonenden Wirtschaft als entscheidend für die Sicherung der langfristigen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ihrer Wirtschaft identifiziert.
Digitaler Produktpass als Datengrundlage für den Gebäudepass
Authors: Gebetsroither Michaela , Honic Meliha , Kovacic Iva , Löffler Christoph , Marx Klemens , Pamminger Rainer , Robbi Steffen , Sustr Christian , Schützenhofer Stefan , Weber Gundula
Published: December 2023

Neben dem gesamten Gebäude legt die EU den Nachhaltigkeitsfokus auch auf einzelne Produkte. Ihre Kreislaufwirtschaftsstrategie zielt unter anderem darauf ab, diese über ihren gesamten Lebenszyklus möglichst nachhaltig zu gestalten. Umweltfreundliche, kreislauffähige, energieeffiziente und transparente Produkte sollen am europäischen Markt zur Norm gemacht werden. Ein zentrales Element der neuen vorgeschlagenen Ökodesignverordnung ist ein digitaler Produktpass, welcher eine einfache Informationsabfrage umweltrelevanter Daten ermöglichen sollte.
Generalized dualities and supergroups
Authors: Butter Daniel , Hassler Falk , Pope Christopher N. , Zhang Haoyu
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Using a recently developed formulation of double field theory in superspace, the graviton, B-field, gravitini, dilatini, and Ramond-Ramond bispinor are encoded in a single generalized supervielbein. Duality transformations are encoded as orthosymplectic transformations, extending the bosonic O(D, D) duality group, and these act on all constituents of the supervielbein in an easily computable way. We first review conventional non-abelian T-duality in the Green-Schwarz superstring and describe the dual geometries in the language of double superspace. Since dualities are related to super-Killing vectors, this includes as special cases both abelian and non-abelian fermionic T-duality.

We then extend this approach to include Poisson-Lie T-duality and its generalizations, including the generalized coset construction recently discussed in [arXiv:1912.11036]. As an application, we construct the supergeometries associated with the integrable λ and η deformations of the AdS5 × S5 superstring. The deformation parameters λ and η are identified with the possible one-parameter embeddings of the supergravity frame within the doubled supergeometry. In this framework, the Ramond-Ramond bispinors are directly computable purely from the algebraic data of the supergroup.
BubbleDet: a Python package to compute functional determinants for bubble nucleation
Authors: Ekstedt Andreas , Gould Oliver , Hirvonen Joonas
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We present a Python package BubbleDet for computing one-loop functional determinants around spherically symmetric background fields. This gives the next-to-leading order correction to both the vacuum decay rate, at zero temperature, and to the bubble nucleation rate in first-order phase transitions at finite temperature. For predictions of gravitational wave signals from cosmological phase transitions, this is expected to remove one of the leading sources of theoretical uncertainty. BubbleDet is applicable to arbitrary scalar potentials and in any dimension up to seven. It has methods for fluctuations of scalar fields, including Goldstone bosons, and for gauge fields, but is limited to cases where the determinant factorises into a product of separate determinants, one for each field degree of freedom. To our knowledge, BubbleDet is the first package dedicated to calculating functional determinants in spherically symmetric backgrounds.
Genus-one open string amplitudes on AdS5×S3 from CFT
Authors: Paul H. , Santagata M.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We bootstrap one-loop string corrections to the four-point function of half-BPS operators in a 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT with flavour group SO(8), dual to gluon scattering at genus one on AdS5×S3. We identify an 8-dimensional organising principle which governs the spectrum of double-trace anomalous dimensions, valid to all orders in the string length. This has precise implications for the structure of one-loop Mellin amplitudes, which we explicitly compute for the first three orders beyond the field-theory limit. We also consider the corresponding position space representation, which is entirely determined by the square of a certain differential operator acting on a simpler “pre-correlator”. Finally, we show that the flat-space limit of the Mellin amplitudes exactly matches the logarithmic terms of the genus-one amplitude in 8-dimensional flat space, which we compute via a partial-wave analysis.
Renormalization of spin-one asymptotic charges in AdSD
Authors: Campoleoni Andrea , Delfante Arnaud , Francia Dario , Heissenberg Carlo
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We study the renormalized action and the renormalized presymplectic potential for Maxwell fields on Anti de Sitter backgrounds of any dimensions. We then use these results to explicitly derive finite boundary charges for angle-dependent asymptotic symmetries. We consider both Poincaré and Bondi coordinates, the former allowing us to control the systematics for arbitrary D, the latter being better suited for a smooth flat limit.
On a statement of O. Frink about free pseudo-complemented meet-semilattices
Authors: Katriňák Tibor , Guričan Jaroslav
Published: December 2023

Orrin Frink in 1962 stated incorrectly, that there exist free pseudocomplemented meet-semilattices, which are not lattices. This is disproved in the present paper. We have shown that any free PCS is in fact a sectionally pseudocomplemented lattice.
Festigkeit der Konusverbindung modularer Revisionshüftschäfte
Authors: Boettcher Julius M. , Sellenschloh Kay , Strube Anna , Huber Gerd , Morlock Michael M.
Published: December 2023

Einführung

In der Revisionschirurgie ermöglichen modulare Implantatkomponenten dem Chirurgen, die Eigenschaften des Implantats an die Knochensituation anzupassen. An der modularen Verbindung kann es zu Relativbewegungen kommen, die zu Abrieb und nachfolgenden biologischen Reaktionen führen, insbesondere aufgrund einer unvollständigen Montage und Kontamination der konischen Verbindung. Ziel dieser Studie war es, zu zeigen, ob eine unvollständige Montage und eine versehentliche Kontamination des modularen Konus eine Veränderung der Verbindungsstärke verursacht.

Material und Methoden

Modulare Konusverbindungen zwischen Hals und Schaft (n = 48) wurden in sieben Gruppen eingeteilt, die sich hinsichtlich des Verunreinigungsgrades (nativ, kontaminiert, gereinigt) und der Fügebedingungen (gesichert, vorgespannt und gesichert) unterschieden, und nach dem Fügen mit einer servohydraulischen Prüfmaschine zyklisch belastet wurden. Die Kontamination wurde durch eine Kombination aus Schweineknochenpartikeln und Rinderblut erreicht. Für jede Gruppe wurde zusätzlich die Anzahl der Umdrehungen des Drehmomentbegrenzers beim Sichern der Konusverbindung erfasst. Mittels digitaler Bildkorrelation wurden die Verdrehung des Halsteils, die Mikrobewegung und das axiale Setzen des Halsteils ermittelt. Anschließend wurden die Abzugskräfte als Maß für die verbleibende Verbindungsfestigkeit der Konusverbindung bestimmt.

Ergebnisse

Eine Verunreinigung der Konusverbindung, insbesondere in Kombination mit einer unsachgemäßen Montage der Komponenten, erhöhte signifikant die Rotation (35,3 ± 13,7° vs. 2,4 ± 4,4°; p <0,001), die Mikrobewegung (67,8 ± 16,9 μm vs. 5,1 ± 12,1 μm, p <0,001) und das axiale Setzen (‑34,1 ± 16,9 μm vs. 4,3 ± 10,9 μm; p <0,001) des Halses gegenüber dem Schaft.

Schlussfolgerung

Intraoperativ lässt sich eine Kontamination der Konusoberfläche daran erkennen, dass beim Festziehen der Sicherungsschraube mehrere Umdrehungen erforderlich sind. Eine korrekte Reinigung mit dem neuen Konusreinigungsinstrument und eine vollständige Montage mit Vorspannen der Komponenten können das Risiko eines frühzeitigen Versagens und eines Ermüdungsbruches der modularen Konusverbindung verringern.
The clinical acceptability of short versus long duration acquisitions for head and neck cancer using long-axial field-of-view PET/CT: a retrospective evaluation
Authors: Mei Riccardo , Pyka Thomas , Sari Hasan , Fanti Stefano , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Giger Roland , Caobelli Federico , Rominger Axel , Alberts Ian
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the utility of long duration (10 min) acquisitions compared to standard 4 min scans in the evaluation of head and neck cancer (HNC) using a long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) system in 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT.

Methods

HNC patients undergoing LAFOV PET/CT were included retrospectively according to a predefined sample size calculation. For each acquisition, FDG avid lymph nodes (LN) which were highly probable or equivocal for malignancy were identified by two board certified nuclear medicine physicians in consensus. The aim of this study was to establish the clinical acceptability of short-duration (4 min, C40%) acquisitions compared to full-count (10 min, C100%) in terms of the detection of LN metastases in HNC. Secondary endpoints were the positive predictive value for LN status (PPV) and comparison of SUVmax at C40% and C100%. Histology reports or confirmatory imaging were the reference standard.

Results

A total of 1218 records were screened and target recruitment was met with n = 64 HNC patients undergoing LAFOV. Median age was 65 years (IQR: 59–73). At C40%, a total of 387 lesions were detected (highly probable LN n = 274 and equivocal n = 113. The total number of lesions detected at C100% acquisition was 439, of them 291 (66%) highly probable LN and 148 (34%) equivocal. Detection rate between the two acquisitions did not demonstrate any significant differences (Pearson’s Chi-Square test, p = 0.792). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy for C40% were 83%, 44%, 55%, 76% and 36%, whilst for C100% were 85%, 56%, 55%, 85% and 43%, respectively. The improved accuracy reached borderline significance (p = 0.057). At the ROC analysis, lower SUVmax was identified for C100% (3.5) compared to C40% (4.5).

Conclusion

In terms of LN detection, C40% acquisitions showed no significant difference compared to the C100% acquisitions. There was some improvement for lesions detection at C100%, with a small increment in accuracy reaching borderline significance, suggestive that the higher sensitivity afforded by LAFOV might translate to improved clinical performance in some patients.
Comparative assessment of radiation therapy–induced vasculitis using [18F]FDG-PET/CT in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with proton versus photon radiotherapy
Authors: Evanson D. , Griffin M. , O’Reilly S. E. , Johnson T. , Werner T. , Kothekar E. , Jahangiri P. , Simone C. B. , Swisher-McClure S. , Feigenberg S. J. , Revheim M.-E. , Zou J. , Alavi A.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To assess radiation therapy (RT)-induced vasculitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by examining changes in the uptake of 18F-fluoro-D-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images of the ascending aorta (AA), descending aorta (DA), and aortic arch (AoA) before and after proton and photon RT.

Method

Thirty-five consecutive locally advanced NSCLC patients were definitively treated with proton (n = 27) or photon (n = 8) RT and concurrent chemotherapy. The patients were prospectively enrolled to undergo [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging before and 3 months after RT. An adaptive contrast-oriented thresholding algorithm was applied to generate mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) for regions of interest (ROIs) 3 mm outside and 3 mm inside the outer perimeter of the AA, DA, and AoA. These ROIs were employed to exclusively select the aortic wall and remove the influence of blood pool activity. SUVmeans before and after RT were compared using two-tailed paired t-tests.

Results

RT treatments were associated with increased SUVmeans in the AA, DA, and AoA—1.9%, 0.3%, and 1.3% for proton and 15.8%, 9.5%, and 15.5% for photon, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the ∆SUVmean (post-RT SUVmean − pre-RT SUVmean) in patients treated with photon RT when compared to ∆SUVmean in patients treated with proton RT in the AA (p = 0.043) and AoA (p = 0.015). There was an average increase in SUVmean that was related to dose for photon patients (across structures), but that was not seen for proton patients, although the increase was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that patients treated with photon RT for NSCLC may exhibit significantly more RT-induced inflammation (measured as ∆SUVmean) in the AA and AoA when compared to patients who received proton RT. Knowledge gained from further analyses in larger cohorts could aid in treatment planning and help prevent the significant morbidity and mortality associated with RT-induced vascular complications.

Trial registration

NCT02135679.
Pre-clinical evaluation of biomarkers for the early detection of nephrotoxicity following alpha-particle radioligand therapy
Authors: Li Mengshi , Robles-Planells Claudia , Liu Dijie , Graves Stephen A. , Vasquez-Martinez Gabriela , Mayoral-Andrade Gabriel , Lee Dongyoul , Rastogi Prerna , Marks Brenna M. , Sagastume Edwin A. , Weiss Robert M. , Linn-Peirano Sarah C. , Johnson Frances L. , Schultz Michael K. , Zepeda-Orozco Diana
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Cancer treatment with alpha-emitter-based radioligand therapies (α-RLTs) demonstrates promising tumor responses. Radiolabeled peptides are filtered through glomeruli, followed by potential reabsorption of a fraction by proximal tubules, which may cause acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because tubular cells are considered the primary site of radiopeptides’ renal reabsorption and potential injury, the current use of kidney biomarkers of glomerular functional loss limits the evaluation of possible nephrotoxicity and its early detection. This study aimed to investigate whether urinary secretion of tubular injury biomarkers could be used as an additional non-invasive sensitive diagnostic tool to identify unrecognizable tubular damage and risk of long-term α-RLT nephrotoxicity.

Methods

A bifunctional cyclic peptide, melanocortin 1 ligand (MC1L), labeled with [203Pb]Pb-MC1L, was used for [212Pb]Pb-MC1L biodistribution and absorbed dose measurements in CD-1 Elite mice. Mice were treated with [212Pb]Pb-MC1L in a dose-escalation study up to levels of radioactivity intended to induce kidney injury. The approach enabled prospective kidney functional and injury biomarker evaluation and late kidney histological analysis to validate these biomarkers.

Results

Biodistribution analysis identified [212Pb]Pb-MC1L reabsorption in kidneys with a dose deposition of 2.8, 8.9, and 20 Gy for 0.9, 3.0, and 6.7 MBq injected [212Pb]Pb-MC1L doses, respectively. As expected, mice receiving 6.7 MBq had significant weight loss and CKD evidence based on serum creatinine, cystatin C, and kidney histological alterations 28 weeks after treatment. A dose-dependent urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, tubular injury biomarker) urinary excretion the day after [212Pb]Pb-MC1L treatment highly correlated with the severity of late tubulointerstitial injury and histological findings.

Conclusion

Urine NGAL secretion could be a potential early diagnostic tool to identify unrecognized tubular damage and predict long-term α-RLT-related nephrotoxicity.
Hydrodynamics and shape reconstruction of single rising air bubbles in water using high-speed tomographic particle tracking velocimetry and 3D geometric reconstruction
Authors: Chang Yingjie , Müller Conrad , Kováts Péter , Guo Liejin , Zähringer Katharina
Published: December 2023

Time-resolved tomographic particle tracking velocimetry (TR-3D-PTV), also called 4D-PTV, is used here to obtain the instantaneous 3D liquid flow field information in the wake of a single rising bubble in water. Simultaneously, the bubble shape, size and velocity are determined by tomographic reconstruction of the 3D bubble shape. Both, tracer particles for PTV and bubbles, are imaged in a shadow mode with background illumination. The Lagrangian method used in this paper, especially combined with the shake the box algorithm, has big advantages compared to particle image velocimetry, in situations, where only low particle per pixel values can be obtained. In this research, single air bubbles of different sizes, with diameters of around 2.4 mm, 4.0 mm, 6.0 mm and 9.6 mm, were injected into stagnant de-ionized water. Their shape was reconstructed in 3D, and an equivalent bubble diameter was determined from this reconstruction. Compared to conventionally used 2D shadow imaging, this diameter is about 13% smaller. The 3D bubble trajectory can be analysed and decomposed into a sinusoidal function curve lateral projection and an ellipsoidal shape vertical projection. As the bubble diameter increases, the radius of the spiral trajectory is decreasing as well as the amplitude of vertical sinusoidal oscillation. The wake structure in the liquid behind the bubbles is also changing with bubble size: from simple vortex pairs for smaller bubbles to an intertwined structure of several twisted vortices for the bigger ones.

Graphical abstract

Three-dimensional bubble reconstruction (grey surface) and liquid stream lines coloured with velocity magnitude around an ascending air bubble in de-ionized water.
Comparison of the efficacy and adverse effects of unilateral or bilateral botulinum toxin injections for adductor spasmodic dysphonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Yuyin , Chen Feifei , Liang Fangqi , Wang Can , Chen Dan , Zhou Jing , Zhang Lu , Xiao Xiao , He Ronghua , Tang Li , Tian Li , Zhou Li
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to aggregate and analyze existing clinical evidence to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of unilateral or bilateral botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD).

Methods

Reports from non-randomized controlled trials and cohort studies pertaining to the efficacy and adverse effects of unilateral and bilateral botulinum toxin injections for ADSD were identified and retrieved from four electronic databases from inception to July 2023. The meta-analysis employed fixed or random effects models to assess pooled relative risks (RR), mean differences (MDs), and standard mean differences (SMDs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We included two non-randomized controlled trials and seven cohort studies comprising 854 total patients. Meta-analysis of the included studies showed that bilateral botulinum toxin injections associated with a longer duration of vocal improvement (MD =  − 2.89, 95% CI − 3.13 to − 2.65, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001). However, bilateral botulinum toxin injections associated with an increase in adverse effects, including a longer duration of breathy voice quality (SMD =  − 0.51, 95% CI − 0.79 to − 0.22, I2 = 35%, P = 0.0005) and a higher occurrence of swallowing difficulties (RR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.11, I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001).

Conclusion

Bilateral botulinum toxin injections for ADSD showed a longer duration of vocal improvement, a longer breathy voice duration and a higher dysphagia occurrence and duration than unilateral injections.
Representation of shared surface information and false memory for abstract versus concrete pictures in the conjoint recognition paradigm
Authors: Nieznański Marek , Ford Daria , Obidziński Michał
Published: December 2023

An effective factor by which false memories can arise is relatedness which includes not only semantic associations but also perceptual resemblance. This issue raises questions about how patterns of perceptual features are represented in memory and how they relate to semantic representations. In five experiments, we investigated the memory processes underlying the false recognition of perceptually or semantically related pictures from the perspective of fuzzy trace theory. Multinomial processing tree model analyses for the conjoint recognition paradigm showed that the parameter representing gist trace retrieval not only contributes to false acceptances of semantically related pictures, but also underlies the false recognition of non-semantically related abstract shapes. These results challenged the hypothesis that the false recognition of non-semantically related distractors is solely due to interference with the verbatim suppression process. These experiments also showed that adding a surface feature (colour) to the category exemplars increases false recognition of related distractors by enhancing the contribution of the familiarity process, but only for pictures of real objects. Comparisons between experiments showed that different variants of the conjoint recognition model, used to analyse the effects of the same experimental manipulation, can lead to partially different conclusions.
An emerging link between lncRNAs and cancer sex dimorphism
Authors: Naciri Ikrame , Andrade-Ludena Maria D. , Yang Ying , Kong Mei , Sun Sha
Published: December 2023

The prevalence and progression of cancer differ in males and females, and thus, sexual dimorphism in tumor development directly impacts clinical research and medicine. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important players in gene expression and various cellular processes, including cancer development and progression. In recent years, lncRNAs have been implicated in the differences observed in cancer incidence, progression, and treatment responses between men and women. Here, we present a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of lncRNAs in cancer sex dimorphism, focusing on how they affect epigenetic processes in male and female mammalian cells. We discuss the potential mechanisms by which lncRNAs may contribute to sex differences in cancer, including transcriptional control of sex chromosomes, hormonal signaling pathways, and immune responses. We also propose strategies for studying lncRNA functions in cancer sex dimorphism. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in cancer research and the need to investigate the role lncRNAs play in mediating these sex differences. In summary, we highlight the emerging link between lncRNAs and cancer sex dimorphism and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Partial and Simultaneous Transitive Orientations via Modular Decompositions
Authors: Münch Miriam , Rutter Ignaz , Stumpf Peter
Published: December 2023

A natural generalization of the recognition problem for a geometric graph class is the problem of extending a representation of a subgraph to a representation of the whole graph. A related problem is to find representations for multiple input graphs that coincide on subgraphs shared by the input graphs. A common restriction is the sunflower case where the shared graph is the same for each pair of input graphs. These problems translate to the setting of comparability graphs where the representations correspond to transitive orientations of their edges. We use modular decompositions to improve the runtime for the orientation extension problem and the sunflower orientation problem to linear time. We apply these results to improve the runtime for the partial representation problem and the sunflower case of the simultaneous representation problem for permutation graphs to linear time. We also give the first efficient algorithms for these problems on circular permutation graphs.
Stretched non-positive Weyl connections on solvable Lie groups
Authors: Bocheński Maciej , Jastrzȩbski Piotr , Tralle Aleksy
Published: December 2023

We determine the structure of solvable Lie groups endowed with invariant stretched non-positive Weyl connections and find classes of solvable Lie groups admitting and not admitting such connections. In dimension 4 we fully classify solvable Lie groups which admit invariant SNP Weyl connections.