bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Workshops to Enhance Hope Among Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer and Oncologists: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shah Mirat , Ferguson Anna , Corn Phyllis Dvora , Varadhan Ravi , Ariely Dan , Stearns Vered , Smith B. Douglas , Smith Thomas J. , Corn Benjamin W.
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE:

Hope is a modifiable entity that can be augmented. We evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a short intervention to increase hopefulness in patients with advanced breast cancer and oncologists.

METHODS:

We enrolled eligible participants to two cohorts: one for patients with metastatic breast cancer and one for medical, radiation, or surgical oncologists. The intervention, a half-day hope enhancement workshop, included groups of 10-15 participants within each cohort. Participants in both cohorts completed preworkshop, postworkshop, and 3-month evaluations, which included the Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Global Health (PROMIS-GH) measures in patients, and the AHS, HHI, and a burnout self-assessment tool in physicians.

RESULTS:

We consented 13 patients and 26 oncologists for participation in the workshop and 76.9% (n = 10) of consented patients and 100% (n = 26) of consented physicians participated. Postworkshop, all participants planned to incorporate what they learned into their daily lives. In patients, AHS scores increased from preworkshop to postworkshop, and the mean change of 5.90 was significant (range 0-15, SD: 4.7, t = 3.99, P = .0032). HHI scores also increased, although the mean change was not significant. AHS and HHI scores did not significantly change in oncologists from preworkshop to postworkshop. At 3 months, less than half of the participants responded to the evaluation.

CONCLUSION:

We found that conducting a hope-enhancement workshop for patients with metastatic breast cancer and oncologists was feasible, generally acceptable to both populations, and associated with increased hopefulness in patients. Next steps should focus on confirming this effect in a randomized study and maintaining this effect in the postworkshop interval.
How Shall We Let This Text, or Anything, Teach Us?
Authors: Ong Yi-Ping
Published: February 2021

How do we come to share an ethical outlook with others? Is it possible to teach ethics? What does it mean to live with others when we do not (always) inhabit the same world? J. M. Coetzee’s Elizabeth Costello engages these profound ethical questions in its very form. Whereas critics argue that the novel either takes up or evades the task of ethical instruction, this article shows that the text disputes the basic assumptions of ethical literary criticism. Elizabeth Costello makes a powerful case for the difference of the novel vis-à-vis other forms of ethical discourse. What is at stake in Coetzee’s choice of the novel qua fiction is an attempt to engage the status of fiction in relation to the status of ethical discourse in our time. Contemporary ethical discourse unfolds within a context in which it is considered to be no more than a necessary fiction. Coetzee’s text places this stance within the framework of fiction—not primarily to demonstrate its falsity but to stage an alternate or rival fiction, one that challenges our fundamental assumptions about fiction, ethics, and existence.
Gained in Translation: Faiz Ahmed Faiz’s Soviet Travels
Authors: Zaitseva Lusia
Published: February 2021

This article expands our understanding of cultural exchange between the Soviet Union and writers from the third world during the eras of Thaw and Stagnation. It examines Pakistani poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz’s little-known Urdu-language travelogue about his time in the USSR, Mah o sāl-i-āshnā’i: yādon kā majmūʻah (Months and Years of Friendship: Recollections; 1979), arguing that Faiz’s text is distinct from earlier, Western travelers’ accounts in its articulation of the complexities of his subject position vis-à-vis the Soviet state. It does so by translating his experience into the richly ambiguous Indo-Persian literary and cultural idiom. The article examines the ambiguities introduced into Faiz’s text through intertextuality with this idiom derived from the Persian dastān and Urdu ghazel traditions. With the help of both direct and indirect allusion to those traditions, Faiz’s complex attitude toward what Terry Martin has called the world’s “first affirmative action empire” and Nancy Condee has described as an “anti-imperial empire” comes most clearly into view. Ultimately, Faiz’s text suggests that socialist internationalism was not just a vertical structure controlled by Moscow but a horizontal network shaped by powerful cultural allegiances that were not easily overcome.
Diagnostic values of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT, CT, and US for Preoperative Lymph Node Staging in Thyroid Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Keunyoung , Shim Sung-Ryul , Lee Sang-Woo , Kim Seong-Jang
Published: February 2021

Objective

This study compared the diagnostic performance of three different imaging modalities for preoperative lymph node (LN) staging in thyroid cancer patients, using a network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods

PubMed and Embase were searched to identify studies evaluating the performance of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET or PET/CT), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography (US) for preoperative LN staging in thyroid cancer patients. The NMA included both patient- and lesion-based analyses. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values was used to decide on the most effective diagnostic method.

Results

A total of 3,571 patients from 19 direct comparison studies using three different imaging modalities for preoperative LN staging in thyroid cancer patients were included. US showed the highest SUCRA values for positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy in detection of all cervical LN metastasis. F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT and US showed the highest SUCRA values for PPV and sensitivity, respectively, for central LN, and the highest SUCRA value of specificity and sensitivity, respectively, for lateral LN.

Conclusion

The results from this NMA indicate that F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT, CT, and US have complementary diagnostic roles for preoperative staging in thyroid cancer patients.

Advances in knowledge

Using NMA, we comprehensively compared the different diagnostic values and limitations of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT, CT, and US for the preoperative LN staging in thyroid cancer patients.
Evidence based nursing: barriers and challenges for contemporary nurses
Authors: Theofanidis Dimitrios
Published: February 2021

No abstract available
Logic-Based Benders Decomposition and Binary Decision Diagram Based Approaches for Stochastic Distributed Operating Room Scheduling
Authors: Guo Cheng , Bodur Merve , Aleman Dionne M. , Urbach David R.
Published: February 2021

The distributed operating room (OR) scheduling problem aims to find an assignment of surgeries to ORs across collaborating hospitals that share their waiting lists and ORs. We propose a stochastic extension of this problem where surgery durations are considered to be uncertain. In order to obtain solutions for the challenging stochastic model, we use sample average approximation and develop two enhanced decomposition frameworks that use logic-based Benders (LBBD) optimality cuts and binary decision diagram based Benders cuts. Specifically, to the best of our knowledge, deriving LBBD optimality cuts in a stochastic programming context is new to the literature. Our computational experiments on a hospital data set illustrate that the stochastic formulation generates robust schedules and that our algorithms improve the computational efficiency.

Summary of Contribution: We propose a new model for an important problem in healthcare scheduling, namely, stochastic distributed operating room scheduling, which is inspired by a current practice in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. We develop two decomposition methods that are computationally faster than solving the model directly via a state-of-the-art solver. We present both some theoretical results for our algorithms and numerical results for the evaluation of the model and algorithms. Compared with its deterministic counterpart in the literature, our model shows improvement in relevant evaluation metrics for the underlying scheduling problem. In addition, our algorithms exploit the structure of the model and improve its solvability. Those algorithms also have the potential to be used to tackle other planning and scheduling problems with a similar structure.
Compensating Online Content Producers: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Jain Sanjay , Qian Kun
Published: February 2021

The digital content industry is rapidly growing, and many platforms host a vast amount of content that is produced by independent producers. A major source of revenue for these platforms is advertising. However, advertising revenue depends on the number of active customers who visit the platform and enjoy content created by content producers. Therefore, major platforms provide incentives for content producers to encourage high-quality content creation. A commonly used incentive is ad revenue sharing. In this paper, we study how such sharing incentives are affected by the nature of competition among various producers, the size of customer base, and the type of customers. We also examine the implications for profits and welfare and extend the analysis to consider the case when the platform allows consumers to directly donate to the producers. Our results show that increased producer competition can lead to higher compensation for the producers, higher content quality, and higher producers’ profits. We also show that allowing consumers to donate to producers can lead to a higher commission rate and better-quality content. However, increased consumer generosity may lead to lower profits for content producers. In addition, we find that asymmetry among producers can sometimes benefit the platform.

This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Optimal Intervention Policies for Total Joint Replacement Postoperative Care Process
Authors: Lee Hyo Kyung , Li Jingshan , Bain Philip A. , Baker Christine
Published: February 2021

Problem definition: Successful outcomes of total joint replacement (TJR) depend not only on the surgery but also on the patients’ postsurgical behaviors; inadequate postsurgical performance can lead to complications and/or readmissions. To prevent such events, patients go through postoperative intervention processes in which they receive physical therapy and/or some form of rehabilitative services. Although the costs of providing such interventions and readmission penalties are substantial, no methods exist that enable healthcare professionals to determine the optimal timing and target group of the interventions. Academic/practical relevance: To address these gaps, this paper investigates the decision problem faced by healthcare professionals: When should we provide interventions to which group of patients to minimize the total expense? We formulate the postdischarge intervention process as a finite-horizon discrete-time Markov decision process. Methodology: We dynamically model the post-TJR intervention process by (1) directly incorporating the readmission risk and penalty, and (2) considering the varying effectiveness of interventions depending on where the patient is located (care facility type). Results: Through a case study at a community hospital, the applicability of the model is illustrated and a number of structural properties, including the existence of a control-limit type policy, are proved. Based on the data obtained from the collaborating hospital, the optimal policy suggests to start intervening skilled nursing facility (SNF) patients after the postacute recovery period. Managerial implications: The optimal policy of the model shows that the common practice of focusing intervention resources on immediate postoperative periods needs further justification, and more attention should be focused on the presurgical or surgical phase to devise interventions that are more tailored toward preventing early readmission causes.
Nash Social Welfare Approximation for Strategic Agents
Authors: Brânzei Simina , Gkatzelis Vasilis , Mehta Ruta
Published: February 2021

We study the problem of allocating divisible resources to agents with different preferences. We analyze a market game known as Trading Post, first considered by Shapley and Shubik, where each agent gets a budget of virtual currency to bid on goods: after bids are placed, goods are allocated to players in proportion to their bids. In this setting, the agents choose their bids strategically, aiming to maximize their utility, and this gives rise to a game. We study the equilibrium allocations of this game, measuring the quality of an allocation via the Nash social welfare, the geometric mean of utilities (a measure of aggregate welfare that respects individual needs). We show that any Nash equilibrium of Trading Post approximates the optimal Nash welfare within a factor of two for all concave valuations, and the mechanism is essentially optimal for Leontief valuations.
A Data-Driven Method for Reconstructing a Distribution from a Truncated Sample with an Application to Inferring Car-Sharing Demand
Authors: Fields Evan , Osorio Carolina , Zhou Tianli
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes a method to recover an unknown probability distribution given a censored or truncated sample from that distribution. The proposed method is a novel and conceptually simple detruncation method based on sampling the observed data according to weights learned by solving a simulation-based optimization problem; this method is especially appropriate in cases where little analytic information is available but the truncation process can be simulated. The proposed method is compared with the ubiquitous maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method in a variety of synthetic validation experiments, where it is found that the proposed method performs slightly worse than perfectly specified MLE and competitively with slightly misspecified MLE. The practical application of this method is then demonstrated via a pair of case studies in which the proposed detruncation method is used alongside a car-sharing service simulator to estimate demand for round-trip car-sharing services in the Boston and New York metropolitan areas.
A Strategic Markovian Traffic Equilibrium Model for Capacitated Networks
Authors: Zimmermann Maëlle , Frejinger Emma , Marcotte Patrice
Published: February 2021

In the realm of traffic assignment over a network involving rigid arc capacities, the aim of the present work is to generalize the model of Marcotte, Nguyen, and Schoeb [Marcotte P, Nguyen S, Schoeb A (2004) A strategic flow model of traffic assignment in static capacitated networks. Oper. Res. 52(2):191–212.] by casting it within a stochastic user equilibrium framework. The strength of the proposed model is to incorporate two sources of stochasticity stemming, respectively, from the users’ imperfect knowledge regarding arc costs (represented by a discrete choice model) and the probability of not accessing saturated arcs. Moreover, the arc-based formulation extends the Markovian traffic equilibrium model of Baillon and Cominetti [Baillon JB, Cominetti R ( 2008 ) Markovian traffic equilibrium. Math. Programming 111(1-2):33–56.] through the explicit consideration of capacities. This paper is restricted to the case of acyclic networks, for which we present solution algorithms and numerical experiments.
Gallstones in pregnancy
Authors: Hess ECF , Thumbadoo RP , Thorne EPC , McNamee K
Published: February 2021

Gallstone disease is the most common gastrointestinal disease in developed countries and is present in up to 15% of the population. Owing to the increased risk factors for gallstones in pregnancy, it is the second most common non-obstetric emergency, affecting up to 12% of pregnant women with a risk of recurrence. Up to 3% of pregnant women in America require a cholecystectomy in the first year after delivery. Gallstone disease has a high risk of developing associated complications, and maternal mortality can be up to 37% if the patient develops gallstone pancreatitis.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and cholecystectomy can be performed safely in the second trimester when benefits outweigh the risks. However, if the patient is able to be managed conservatively, then a cholecystectomy should be performed in the postnatal period to avoid further recurrences and complications. Despite this, there is currently no national UK guidance on how to manage gallstones and related diseases during pregnancy.
The leadership and followership challenges of doctors in training during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Boardman Nathan , Munro-Berry Jack , McKimm Judy
Published: February 2021

Research carried out in 2016 by the authors investigated the challenges that doctors in training experience around leadership and followership in the NHS. The study explored contemporary healthcare leadership culture and the role of followership from the perspective of early career doctors. It found that the leadership and followership challenges for these doctors in training were associated with issues of social and professional identity, communication, the medical hierarchy, and relationships with senior colleagues (support and trust). These challenges were exacerbated by the busy and turbulent clinical environment in which they worked. To cope with various clinical situations and forms of leadership, doctors in training engage in a range of different followership behaviours and strategies.

The study raised implications for medical education and training and suggested that followership should be included as part of formal training in communication and team working skills. The importance of both leadership and followership in the delivery of safe and effective patient care has been brought sharply into focus by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article revisits these challenges in light of the pandemic and its impact on the experiences of doctors in training.
Hyaluronic acid filler vascular complication management: an updated and easy-to-follow emergency protocol
Authors: Santaella-Sosa Erick
Published: February 2021

With the breadth and variety of hyaluronic acid hydrogels available, it can be challenging to understand the evolving product characteristics and associated terminology. Similarly, different hyaluronic acid hydrogels can share the same indication, and yet consist of different rheological and physiochemical properties. In this paper, hyaluronic acid biophysical properties, such as molecular weights, stabilisation (crosslinking), modification and hyaluronic acid concentration, are explored in relation to findings from current literature. The significance for these specific properties is explored in relation to specific indications and anti-ageing benefits.
Factors associated with persistent opioid use after an upper extremity fracture
Authors: Shah Romil Fenil , Gwilym Stephen E. , Lamb Sarah , Williams Mark , Ring David , Jayakumar Prakash
Published: February 2021

Aims

The increase in prescription opioid misuse and dependence is now a public health crisis in the UK. It is recognized as a whole-person problem that involves both the medical and the psychosocial needs of patients. Analyzing aspects of pathophysiology, emotional health, and social wellbeing associated with persistent opioid use after injury may inform safe and effective alleviation of pain while minimizing risk of misuse or dependence. Our objectives were to investigate patient factors associated with opioid use two to four weeks and six to nine months after an upper limb fracture.

Methods

A total of 734 patients recovering from an isolated upper limb fracture were recruited in this study. Opioid prescription was documented retrospectively for the period preceding the injury, and prospectively at the two- to four-week post-injury visit and six- to nine-month post-injury visit. Bivariate and multivariate analysis sought factors associated with opioid prescription from demographics, injury-specific data, Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Instrumentation System (PROMIS), Depression computer adaptive test (CAT), PROMIS Anxiety CAT, PROMIS Instrumental Support CAT, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ-2), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and measures that investigate levels of social support.

Results

A new prescription of opioids two to four weeks after injury was independently associated with less social support (odds ratio (OR) 0.26, p < 0.001), less instrumental support (OR 0.91, p < 0.001), and greater symptoms of anxiety (OR 1.1, p < 0.001). A new prescription of opioids six to nine months after injury was independently associated with less instrumental support (OR 0.9, p < 0.001) and greater symptoms of anxiety (OR 1.1, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that potentially modifiable psychosocial factors are associated with increased acute and chronic opioid prescriptions following upper limb fracture. Surgeons prescribing opioids for upper limb fractures should be made aware of the screening and management of emotional and social health. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(2):119–124.
Total Productive Education: Model for Higher Technical Education
Authors: Shinde Dnyandeo Dattatraya , Prasad Ramjee
Published: February 2021

Industries need young engineers with proper Attitude, Skills, and Knowledge (ASK), ready to work from the first day without training. Technical education is the backbone for employment in industries. The demand and supply ratio is not matching due to lacunae in higher technical education. Industries are marching towards excellence with the implementation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) measured by Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE). The paper focuses on how the TPM and its tools enhance education quality through the proposed model of Total Productive Education (TPE) for increasing the efficacy of the education system.
Smokeless Cookstove with Mobile Phone Charging Solutions in Islanded Mode
Authors: Mal Risha , Dey Souvik , Mohsin Saharab , Daimari Gyandeep
Published: February 2021

This research work signifies about fulfilling electrical energy demands for communication and internet access for people residing in remote locations and off-grid areas. These remote areas may be surrounded to mobile communication facility but deprived of continuous power availability. the electrical energy is the vital necessity to charge the electronic gadget to access communication network without interruption. Most predominantly, mobile phones and tablets are mainly used for communication and internet access. Therefore, the electrical energy is an essential requirement to charge the mobile phones even in off-grid locations. the solar PV and thermoelectric generator integrated with cookstove may be one of the sustainable solution for mobile charging and play an important role to uplift such off-grid regions by facilitating the access to ommunication network. The thermoelectric generator (TEG) and a Solar PhotoVoltaic (SPV) are integrated with cookstove for power geneartion to charge mobile phones and even light a led light. The LED light will provide a cleaner lighting solution. These two technologies are broadly discussed in this paper with its design and development when integrated with cookstove.
Collaborative Strategies and Socio-dynamic cues (SDC) Insights for Assistive Healthcare Technology Applications
Authors: Anwar Sadia , Lindgren Peter , Prasad Ramjee
Published: February 2021

Healthcare assistive Technologies has made many complicated/complex tasks within patient care, care plan therapy implementation and use of electronic health or medical records into more quickly handled tasks only by the use digital tools. Digitals tools provide systemic, real-time and reliable task handling. Data is thoroughly put, investigated in real-time with the accepted solutions/protocols in the health care settings. The paper highlights how important is for the digital tools for their acceptance and adaptation to look into the SDC variance among cultures and difference in sectors working environment as a research question and highlight its usefulness by a Danish case “assistive digital healthcare software failure” in Copenhagen hospital. The article also provides few recommendations to those technology providing businesses to modify their current business model canvas in specific areas by highlighting the example of Danish Case and learnt experience. The paper also emphasizes for looking a technological device which is easy to use by patients, healthcare professionals and customized to avoid a rush of multiple products launch in the market after failure without realization of the failure cause as well as value generation for the sustainability of a specific marketed product for a more extended period.
An IoT-based System with Machine Learning for Detecting Drowsiness of Drivers
Authors: Karmakar Sayon , Mohan Seshadri
Published: February 2021

Drowsiness is feeling abnormally sleepy or tired. Driving is a complex psychomotor skill. Fatality rates rise as driver becomes drowsy. NHTSA accounted 91,000 motor vehicle crashes have occurred due to drowsy driving till 2017 and drowsy drivers cause 17% accidents with fatality. The IoT technology offers unprecedented opportunities to interconnect human beings as well as facilitate Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. The sensors and network allow all things to communicate directly with each other to share information and allow us to have an instrumented system where accurate data is readily available to make an informed optimal decision. This paper presents one such practical system for detecting drowsiness of drivers. Consequently, a system such as the one presented here can be of immense applicability in reducing the fatality rate due to traffic accidents. Usually, IoT applications, such as the one presented here, collect enormous quantity of data from the sensors and extract some sensible output, possibly using a pattern recognition algorithm. This is where Machine Learning, a branch of study under artificial intelligence, is employed. This paper presents the implementation of a system for detecting when a driver feels drowsy and sound an alarm to alert and discusses the machine learning approach adopted and the use of cloud for processing data.
IoT Based Energy Efficient Agriculture Field Monitoring and Smart Irrigation System using NodeMCU
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Kumar Abhijeet , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Choudhary Anubhav Kumar
Published: February 2021

Agriculture is the most important sector of the Indian economy and employs 50% of the country’s forces. But, in recent times the economic contribution of agriculture to India’s GDP is steadily declining. A major problem is the absence of an energy-efficient and reliable system for real-time monitoring of soil’s condition. The paper proposes a smart alert and irrigation system with real-time monitoring of soil’s condition. The proposed system detects the soil’s moisture content and temperature. Using NodeMCU development kit, the data are sent to the cloud-based IoT platform for round the clock real-time monitoring of the soil’s condition. A Message Queue Telemetry Transport communication protocol is used for data transmission. The cloud-based IoT platform analyses the collected data and sends alert messages and controls the irrigation system according to the pre-set threshold conditions. The proposed system is secure, economically feasible, reliable and energy-efficient which brings automation and IoT technology to the agriculture sector.
Mobility Management in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
Authors: Samal Soumya Ranjan , Bandopadhaya Shuvabrata , Swain Kaliprasanna , Poulkov Vladimir
Published: February 2021

This paper has analysed the mobility management schemes in heterogenous cellular networks (HCNs) considering their power consumptions and network selection delays. The HCNs are the key enabler for 5G cellular network to ensure better user connectivity in ultra-dense networks. Large numbers of small cells are deployed under a macro-cell targeting network hot spot. However, ensuring seamless coverage to the mobile subscribers in motion is challenging in such networks. Frequent handoff between the cells with different bandwidth, throughput, latency, and coverage penetrations, significantly increases the signalling overhead in network. In this context, an efficient mobility management scheme plays a key role for the success of HCN technology. In this paper, a detailed behavioural study of mobility management schemes used in HCN has been provided. For mobile users in the network, the power consumption and network selection delay has been evaluated for k-tier architecture of HCN.
Selecting IoT Connectivity Protocols for Rural Development Applications
Authors: Kumar Vinod
Published: February 2021

Data sensing and collection over vast coverage areas form an integral part of IoT applications such as Smart Farming. Selection of adequate IoT connectivity technologies is an important step in the design process. Overall energy efficiency, availability of low-cost and long-life sensor nodes and achievability of long coverage range of the fixed infrastructure are the main criteria of selection. After a brief description of the scenario of connectivity technologies, this article demonstrates the usefulness of a Low Power Wide Area Networking technology named SigFox for the applications mentioned above. Performance figures in terms of coverage range and protocol throughput (manageable IoT node density) justify this claim.
5G Business Models & Trends in Rural Communication
Authors: Skouby Knud Erik
Published: February 2021

The 5G suite of technologies currently rolled out globally represent the potential to establish internet access and connect rural communities to the already connected modern, global community, i.e. closing the digital divide. Further 5G can provide substantial support to UNs 17 Social Development Goals (SDGs). There is also no doubt that there is a substantial risk that the promising potentials are not realized, mainly due to the lack of viable business models leading to that the private sector will not provide all the investments necessary to establish 5G technology in developing countries. This uncertainty makes it relevant – even necessary – to consider the alternative solutions to rural internet access.
LA GESTIÓN DEL AGUA COMO BIEN COMÚN EN EL MUNICIPIO DE COCHABAMBA (BOLIVIA). A 19 AÑOS DE LA GUERRA DEL AGUA
Authors: Ramoneda Martí Anna
Published: February 2021

La siguiente investigación es el resultado de un estudio sobre la gestión del agua en el municipio de Cochabamba (Bolivia), a 19 años de la Guerra del Agua. En concreto, se analiza si tal movimiento social sirvió para reavivar la idea de gestionar el agua bajo los principios de bien común, a la vez que se expone cómo ha ido evolucionando esta gestión y cuáles son los retos actuales. Los resultados apuntan a un resurgimiento de la idea de agua gestionada como bien común durante la Guerra del Agua, la cual se va perdiendo con el tiempo hasta llegar a desaparecer por completo en el momento actual. En gran medida, la razón por la que se diluye resulta de una pérdida de influencia por parte de los movimientos sociales y sociedad civil frente a los órganos de toma de decisión formales.
POPULISMOS, AUGE DE LA EXTREMA DERECHA Y CRISIS DE LA DEMOCRACIA LIBERAL
Authors: Zeller Orellana Carlos
Published: February 2021

Reseña y comentario de:El tiempo pervertido: derecha e izquierda en el siglo XXI. Esteban Hernández, Akal, Madrid, 2018.Las nuevas caras de la derecha.  Enzo Traverso, Siglo XXI, Buenos Aires, 2018.El pueblo contra la democracia: Por qué nuestra libertad está en peligro y cómo salvarla. Yascha Mounk, Paidós, Barcelona, 2018.
MÉXICO: ¿FIN DE LA “DEMOCRATURA”?
Authors: Dautrey Philippe
Published: February 2021

A raíz de la Revolución mexicana (1910-1917) se instauró una dictadura «suave» bajo la forma de un régimen corporativista. Además de la hegemonía del poder político, se caracterizó por el clientelismo y la corrupción endémica; todo lo cual marcó la cultura política. Por su parte, las tímidas reformas implementadas a partir de los años setenta y, sobre todo, el auge del neoliberalismo y la alternancia en el año 2000 dieron pie a una «democratura» cuyo rasgo principal fue la subordinación del Estado al mercado. No desparecieron las estructuras del viejo corporativismo, a las que se adaptaron los partidos admitidos a competir en las elecciones. No fue hasta julio del 2018, con la llegada a la presidencia del país de un movimiento social creado unos años antes y convertido en partido, cuando ocurrió la transición a la democracia liberal. La noción de ciudadano empezó a ser una realidad. Sin embargo, ¿se aleja definitivamente México de la sombra de la dictadura?
6.	LAS MÚLTIPLES Y SISTEMÁTICAS VIOLENCIAS ASOCIADAS AL EXTRACTIVISMO FORESTAL EN WALLMAPU
Authors: González-Hidalgo Marien , López-Dietz Sandra
Published: February 2021

Gran parte del desarrollo y la expansión de la industria forestal se debe a la contrarreforma agraria llevada a cabo en el periodo dictatorial, en el que —a través del Decreto de Ley 701— se les devuelven tierras a la oligarquía y se conceden recursos estatales a empresas forestales. De ahí en más, el Estado ha llevado a cabo una serie de acciones para proteger el patrimonio de algunas familias dueñas de predios en Wallmapu. Estas estrategias de protección han estado acompañadas de formas de violencia que se han cometido en estos territorios y que han afectado a la vida cotidiana de sus habitantes. Así pues, el presente texto revisa cómo se materializan estas formas de violencia, poniendo en evidencia su recurrencia y gravedad. Para ello, se distinguen entre tres principales formas de violencia: (1) física, (2) ecológica y (3) simbólica. Este capítulo pretende discutir acerca de cómo se llevan a cabo las estrategias represivas del Estado, y acerca de los actores que se hacen parte de estas lógicas, como las empresas.
Organización, movilización y acción familiar y feminista ante el femicidio en América Latina
Authors: Pineda G. Esther
Published: February 2021

El femicidio es el asesinato sexista y misógino de una mujer, el cual tiene lugar en el contexto de relaciones de poder, dependencia y desigualdad. Según las estadísticas oficiales de 16 países de América Latina, entre los años 2005 a 2018 se han registrado 13438 femicidios, sin embargo, pese a su gravedad y recurrencia, estos asesinatos aun gozan de aceptación social, continúan siendo justificados en los medios de comunicación, y persisten altos índices de impunidad, negligencia e inacción institucional ante su ocurrencia. Este hecho ha creado las condiciones para la organización y movilización de las familias de las víctimas de femicidio, cuyo accionar ha permitido su visibilización, ha llamado la atención de los medios de comunicación, ha permitido la contabilización de los crímenes, ha convocado a los organismos internacionales, ha comprometido al movimiento feminista, ha logrado la tipificación del delito, pero principalmente continúa demandando justicia.
Las organizaciones de mujeres mapuche en el Chile de La Revuelta
Authors: Painemal Morales Millaray , Huenul Colicoy Susana
Published: February 2021

Este capítulo es una mirada al conocimiento y saber situado e insurgente, a los sentipensares que se fundan en lo ancestral y campesino de dos lamngen que acompañan a mujeres en sus proyectos sociales y políticos. El texto sostiene que no es posible pensar el Estallido de octubre del 2019, como un evento particular de nuestra historia política y social de postdictadura cívico y militar, así como tampoco del proceso histórico, político, social y cultural de colonización. Ambas entretejen las revueltas que se viven hace décadas en sus territorios, con la gran revuelta de Chile que estalla en Santiago. Estas voces situadas nos muestran el impacto de las desigualdades, discriminaciones y violencias que se entrecruzan en las vidas de las mujeres mapuche, y cómo la pandemia hoy deja al desnudo aquello. Ambas autoras nos muestran cómo los feminismos por si solos no logran explicar qué las moviliza a organizarse y exigir derechos como mujeres mapuche. Las autoras nos invitan a mirar sus resistencias históricas al capitalismo neoliberal extractivista, individualista, patriarcal, racista y colonialista, como proyectos políticos futuros del Chile que escribiremos en la nueva Constitución.
La judicialización de la protesta social: entre estrategia represiva y búsqueda de un ámbito de protección
Authors: CIDSUR Centro de Investigación y Defensa Sur
Published: February 2021

A partir de un bricolaje metodológico, cruzando observación participante, etnografía, análisis documental y estudios de casos, seaborda el proceso de judicialización que, a partir del 18 de octubre, ha experimentado la protesta social chilena. Los resultados coincidencon lo que en los últimos veinte años ha experimentado la protestasocial mapuche en Wallmapu: una eficaz judicialización represiva frente a una judicialización protectora cada vez más ineficaz, lo queda cuenta de la expansión a la sociedad chilena de la excepcionalidadjurídica aplicada con el mapuche. Esta instrumentalización del aparatojudicial permite mantener y reproducir la vulneración de los derechosde las víctimas, actuando como una instancia que profundiza ycomplejiza el sufrimiento de las víctimas de la violencia policial y política.
Algunas señales de alerta sobre la aproximación a las migraciones, el uso de los discursos y el recurso a la mentira
Authors: Bretones María Trinidad
Published: February 2021

Migraciones internacionales, el uso de los discursos en los Procesos de Paz, las narraciones y contranarraciones en Procés Català, y el recurso a la mentira para articular políticas y valores reaccionarios.
Política migratoria de México hacia Centroamérica y presión estadounidense
Authors: Hernández Suárez José Luís
Published: February 2021

En años recientes, el gobierno mexicano reforzó el control de la migración centroamericana como parte de la política de Estados Unidos basada en el establecimiento de crecientes obstáculos a la inmigración. Las acciones indican que el proceso de acumulación de capital en la economía estadounidense ha dado lugar a la creación de un ejército de reserva laboral, en una magnitud tal que la capitalización trascurre sin necesidad de recurrir a la inmigración. Al resultar ésta cada vez más inconveniente, crecen las presiones sobre el gobierno de México para que tome medidas tendentes a restringir la entrada y el movimiento de migrantes centroamericanos que se dirigen a Estados Unidos. Una consecuencia de esta estrategia es el incremento de transgresiones de los derechos humanos de los migrantes, al mismo tiempo que las condiciones sociales en los países de origen no mejoran.
Nación, Pueblo e Independencia: el Nacionalismo como Problema en Cataluña
Authors: Straehle Edgar
Published: February 2021

En este escrito se tiene la intención de profundizar en los diferentes rostros del nacionalismo a partir del conflicto por la independencia en Cataluña. Para ello, se quiere evitar una lectura tanto unívoca como esencialista del nacionalismo. La intención es explorar históricamente y asimismo problematizar en el nivel político los diversos caminos y discursos que han contribuido a la erupción del proyecto independentista catalán en los últimos años. En este contexto, se debe mencionar cómo ciertos intentos de superar el marco nacionalista ayudaron al crecimiento del independentismo. Por ello, prestaré especial atención a la historia (y las limitaciones) de la expresión «un sol poble».
La conflictividad social en clave local. Un ejercicio de ponderación sobre los hechos de rebelión en la Mar del Plata actual (Argentina, 2011-2016)
Authors: Nieto Agustín , SIMOS SISMOS
Published: February 2021

En el artículo propuesto se presenta un avance de la investigación en curso sobre la conflictividad social en las comunidades portuarias del sudeste bonaerense durante el período 2011-2016. Analizamos el caso de la ciudad puerto de Mar del Plata. En primer lugar, se da cuenta de los distintos clivajes emergentes en los hechos de rebelión, dividiéndolos en dos grandes grupos: los hechos impulsados por personificaciones de la relación capital-trabajo y los hechos emprendidos por personificaciones que se producen por fuera de la relación capital-trabajo. En un segundo lugar, se ensaya una ponderación de los conflictos con el objetivo de arriesgar una caracterización e interpretación global de la dinámica conflictual en aquellos años. La base empírica para dicho ejercicio es el registro normalizado que de la conflictividad social se viene realizando en el marco del Seminario de Investigación Sobre el Movimiento de la Sociedad (SISMOS), cuya fuente de información es el diario local La Capital.
Crisis Neoliberal, Políticas Del Desconcierto y Autoritarismos Populistas
Authors: Mayos Gonçal
Published: February 2021

En el 2008 la crisis financiera mundial provoca la quiebra de instituciones tan emblemáticas como la compañía Blackstone o el famoso banco de inversión Lehman Brothers. Fue necesario el rescate con costes enormes de prácticamente todo el sector bancario y de seguros norteamericano y europeo. En medio de esta gran crisis surgieron muchas propuestas de “reforma del capitalismo” neoliberal. Se produce, además, un enorme desconcierto político asociado a la mala resolución de las crisis económicas y a los malestares acumulados por gran parte de la población que se siente menospreciada y abandonada por las instituciones, provocando desafección y anomía social. En medio de todo esto, muchas de las alternativas propuestas por los movimientos populistas son políticas instituyentes y destituyentes que nadie sabe qué consecuencias tendrán a largo plazo. Este va a ser el eje que guía la reflexión y el análisis de este artículo.
Organic-based photodetectors for multiband spectral imaging
Authors: Altaqui Ali , Kolbas Robert M. , Escuti Michael J. , O’Connor Brendan T. , Kudenov Michael W.
Published: February 2021

Using organic photodetectors for multispectral sensing is attractive due to their unique capabilities to tune spectral response, transmittance, and polarization sensitivity. Existing methods lack tandem multicolor detection and exhibit high spectral cross talk. We exploit the polarization sensitivity of organic photodetectors, together with birefringent optical filters to design single-pixel multispectral detectors that achieve high spectral selectivity and good radiometric performance. Two different architectures are explored and optimized, including the Solc-based and multitwist-retarder-based organic photodetectors. Although the former demonstrated a higher spectral resolution, the latter enables a more compact sensor as well as greater flexibility in device fabrication.
Wavelength-multiplexed stereoscopic LC display using scanning backlight
Authors: Li Xueling , Qiang Shengzhi , Xu Bin , Fu Xiuhua , Zhang Gong , Wang Yuanqing
Published: February 2021

A stereoscopic display system based on a wavelength-multiplexed and time-multiplexed technique is introduced. The system includes white LEDs, complementary multiband bandpass filters, 30 double-side-lit light guide bars, and a liquid crystal display panel, as well as a pair of complementary multiband bandpass filter glasses. The LEDs are divided into two groups, and each group is covered with a kind of complementary multiband bandpass filter. They can be controlled by the driving circuit and work in the scanning mode in synchronization with the liquid crystal display panel, as the liquid crystal display panel displaying the left and right images frame by frame. The backlight for the left and right images is sampled by complementary multiband bandpass filter1 and complementary multiband bandpass filter2, respectively, and can only pass through the corresponding glass lens, realizing channel separation. A prototype based on this principle was set up and experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the system. Double-side-lit backlight with light guide bars ensures the uniformity of the backlight while using fewer LEDs, and therefore reducing power consumption. Brightness through complementary multiband bandpass filter1 and complementary multiband bandpass filter2 is about 50.5 nits and 55.5 nits, respectively. It is demonstrated in our system that the scanning backlight with 30 light guide bars is capable of reducing cross talk to 2.2%. Furthermore, the resolution in the wavelength-multiplexed 3D mode is the same as the physical resolution of the liquid crystal display panel.
Implementation of the wide-angle acousto-optical interaction geometry in a mercury bromide single crystal
Authors: Dyakonov Evgeniy , Porokhovnichenko Dmitriy , Ryu Jaeyeol , Balakshy Vladimir
Published: February 2021

A number of acousto-optic figures of merit and elasto-optic constants of a mercury bromide (

H
g

2

B
r

2

) crystal were measured. The key characteristics of the wide-angular acousto-optic tunable filter based on a

H
g

2

B
r

2

crystal in the (

1

1
¯

0

) plane were calculated from the measurements carried out and previously known data. It is demonstrated that the crystal makes it possible to create effective devices operating in the 5–25 µm wavelength range. In addition, we proposed the design of a filter operating in the long-wavelength infrared range of 8–12 µm, providing spectral resolution up to

R
=
300

and a field of view outside the crystal up to 10°. Its diffraction efficiency can reach up to 2% per 1 W of continuous driving power.
Direct measurement of the sound velocity in water based on the acousto-optic signal
Authors: Li Chenxi , Xue Bin , Yang Zihui
Published: February 2021

Based on the acousto-optic effect, we propose a new method to directly measure water sound velocity that avoids the error-like phase ambiguity brought by the piezoelectric effect that is broadly adopted in current methods. In the experimental setup we designed, the laser signal modulated by the propagating acoustic wave changes its phase suddenly when the wave crosses the two or more intercepting laser lines simultaneously. This new design creatively realizes the possibility to capture time information at the phase level in sound velocity measurement, which is hardly realized in the piezoelectric-effect-based methods. Utilizing the above principle and the derived mathematical calculation, the accuracy of sound velocity with good traceability can be obtained. The experimental results show that the repeatability of the measurement results is less than 0.0159 m/s, and the accuracy compared with the commercial sound velocity profiler is better than 0.02 m/s.
Spectral speckle-correlation imaging
Authors: Ehira Kunihiko , Horisaki Ryoichi , Nishizaki Yohei , Naruse Makoto , Tanida Jun
Published: February 2021

We present a method for single-shot spectrally resolved imaging through scattering media by using the spectral memory effect of speckles. In our method, a single speckle pattern from a multi-colored object is captured through scattering media with a monochrome image sensor. The color object is recovered by correlation of the captured speckle and a three-dimensional phase retrieval process. The proposed method was experimentally demonstrated by using point sources with different emission spectra located between diffusers. This study paves the way for non-invasive and low-cost spectral imaging through scattering media.