bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthening the PSO algorithm with a new technique inspired by the golf game and solving the complex engineering problem
Authors: Dereli Serkan , Köker Raşit
Published: February 2021

This study has been inspired by golf ball movements during the game to improve particle swarm optimization. Because, all movements from the first to the last move of the golf ball are the moves made by the player to win the game. Winning this game is also a result of successful implementation of the desired moves. Therefore, the movements of the golf ball are also an optimization, and this has a meaning in the scientific world. In this sense, the movements of the particles in the PSO algorithm have been associated with the movements of the golf ball in the game. Thus, the velocities of the particles have converted to parabolically descending structure as they approach the target. Based on this feature, this meta-heuristic technique is called RDV (random descending velocity) IW PSO. In this way, the result obtained is improved thousands of times with very small movements. For the application of the proposed new technique, the inverse kinematics calculation of the 7-joint robot arm has been performed and the obtained results have been compared with the traditional PSO, some IW techniques, artificial bee colony, firefly algorithm and quantum PSO.
Three-Dimensional Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Spheres Modified with Ultrafine Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties
Authors: Song Yan , Yin Fuxing , Zhang Chengwei , Guo Weibing , Han Liying , Yuan Ye
Published: February 2021

Currently, electromagnetic radiation and interference have a significant effect on the operation of electronic devices and human health systems. Thus, developing excellent microwave absorbers have a huge significance in the material research field. Herein, a kind of ultrafine zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on three-dimensional (3D) ordered mesoporous carbon spheres (ZnO/OMCS) is prepared from silica inverse opal by using phenolic resol precursor as carbon source. The prepared lightweight ZnO/OMCS nanocomposites exhibit 3D ordered carbon sphere array and highly dispersed ultrafine ZnO NPs on the mesoporous cell walls of carbon spheres. ZnO/OMCS-30 shows microwave absorbing ability with a strong absorption (− 39.3 dB at 10.4 GHz with a small thickness of 2 mm) and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (9.1 GHz). The outstanding microwave absorbing ability benefits to the well-dispersed ultrafine ZnO NPs and the 3D ordered mesoporous carbon spheres structure. This work opened up a unique way for developing lightweight and high-efficient carbon-based microwave absorbing materials.
N-Doped Graphene-Decorated NiCo Alloy Coupled with Mesoporous NiCoMoO Nano-sheet Heterojunction for Enhanced Water Electrolysis Activity at High Current Density
Authors: Qian Guangfu , Chen Jinli , Yu Tianqi , Luo Lin , Yin Shibin
Published: February 2021

Developing highly effective and stable non-noble metal-based bifunctional catalyst working at high current density is an urgent issue for water electrolysis (WE). Herein, we prepare the N-doped graphene-decorated NiCo alloy coupled with mesoporous NiCoMoO nano-sheet grown on 3D nickel foam (NiCo@C-NiCoMoO/NF) for water splitting. NiCo@C-NiCoMoO/NF exhibits outstanding activity with low overpotentials for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER: 39/266 mV; OER: 260/390 mV) at ± 10 and ± 1000 mA cm−2. More importantly, in 6.0 M KOH solution at 60 °C for WE, it only requires 1.90 V to reach 1000 mA cm−2 and shows excellent stability for 43 h, exhibiting the potential for actual application. The good performance can be assigned to N-doped graphene-decorated NiCo alloy and mesoporous NiCoMoO nano-sheet, which not only increase the intrinsic activity and expose abundant catalytic activity sites, but also enhance its chemical and mechanical stability. This work thus could provide a promising material for industrial hydrogen production.
Urban drinking water security in Gujarat
Authors: Mehta Meera , Mehta Dinesh , Vavaliya Jaladhi
Published: February 2021

Gujarat has made important strides to ensure that most parts of the state become water secure. In 2005, Gujarat was one of the few states that recognized that its urban areas were its ‘engines of growth’ and made significant investments in urban infrastructure. A state-wide water supply grid was constructed to transfer inter-basin water from perennial surface water sources to water-scarce areas. While these schemes have improved household-level access to municipal water supply, service levels have not improved. In this paper, we argue that along with infrastructure creation, there is a need to focus on monitoring, operation and maintenance of existing system and improving efficiency. We analyze information available from the performance assessment system (PAS) setup by the CEPT University for monitoring of urban services in India. It has annual information of water service delivery in all the urban areas of Gujarat from 2010. We assess urban drinking water supply on three key aspects: equity, service quality and financial sustainability. We also identify a few key intervention areas related to increased accountability, efficiency and equity in delivery of water supply services.
Insights on the Working Principles of Secondary Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Analysis of Aerosol Chemical Composition
Authors: Xu Xin , Zeng Jia Fa , Jin Dan Dan , Huang Zheng Xu , Li Lei , Wexler Anthony S. , Chan Man Nin , Zhou Zhen , Li Yong Jie , Li Xue
Published: February 2021

Real-time mass spectrometry (MS) has attracted increasing interest in environmental analysis due to its advantages in high time resolution, minimization of sampling artifact, and avoidance of time-consuming sample pretreatment. Among real-time MS methods, secondary electrospray ionization MS (SESI-MS) is showing great promise for the detection of organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter. In this study, we demonstrated the working principles of secondary nanoelectrospray ionization (Sec-nESI) for real-time measurement of laboratory-generated organic aerosols using l-tartaric acid (TA) as a model compound. Factors affecting the detection of TA particles using a homemade Sec-nESI source coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer are systematically investigated. Temperature of ion transport capillary (ITC) was found to be the key factor in determining the ion signal intensity, which shows an increase of intensity by a factor of 100 from ITC temperature of 100–300 °C and could be attributed to more efficient desolvation and ionization. The characteristic fragment ion at m/z 72.99 was selected for quantitative analysis of TA at normalized collision energy of 50%, the optimal value applied during MS/MS analysis. Detection limit of 0.14 µg/m3 and a linear range of 0.2–2.97 µg/m3 are achieved. Satisfactory correlations between ion signal intensity and particle surface area (R2 = 0.969) and mass concentration (R2 = 0.967) were obtained. Although an equally good correlation was observed between signal intensity and particle surface area, the good correlation between signal intensity and particle mass concentration indicates that high solubility of TA ensures efficient dissolution of TA in the primary ESI droplets for further ionization.
A remote sensing-based evaluation of channel morphological characteristics of part of lower river Niger, Nigeria
Authors: Ibitoye M. O.
Published: February 2021

River bank erosion, accretion and lateral channel migration are important geomorphological processes, which attract a great deal of attention of river engineering scientists in many parts of the world. The present study assesses the morphological characteristics of parts of the lower section of River Niger, where field data are scarce and difficult to access for security and cost implications. Multi-date (1990, 2002 and 2017) Landsat imageries were used for the study, the imageries were corrected for geometric and radiometric errors, classified and analysed for changes in major land cover classes within the river channel, to assess river planform, riverbank pattern, channel width, bankline migration and centreline using ArcGIS software. The results revealed a decrease in water body and riparian vegetation by 27.64% and 9.77%, respectively, between 1990 and 2017. Sediment yield, however, increased by 75.61%. In addition, the river channel exhibited significant spatial changes within the study period; centreline at left flange shifted eastwards by about 1347.3 m at the upper section but westward at the lower section by 123.1 m. The bankline shifted prominently eastwards at right flange and westwards at the right flange. The study concluded that the studied channel had actually undergone some critical morphological changes greatly affected by erosion and accretion processes that are easily captured with remote sensed imageries.
Analysis and optimization of laser drilling process during machining of AISI 303 material using grey relational analysis approach
Authors: Chengal Reddy V. , Keerthi Thota , Nishkala T. , Maruthi Prasad Yadav G.
Published: February 2021

Surface roughness and heat-affected zone (HAZ) are the important features which influence the performance of the laser-drilled products. Understanding the influence of laser process parameters on these responses and identifying the cutting conditions for simultaneous optimization of these responses are a primary requirement in order to improve the laser drilling performance. Nevertheless, no such contribution has been made in the literature during laser drilling of AISI 303 material. The aim of the present work is to optimize the surface roughness (Ra) and HAZ in fibre laser drilling of AISI 303 material using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis (GRA). From the GRA methodology, the recommended optimum combination of process parameters is flushing pressure at 30 Pa, laser power at 2000 W and pulse frequency at 1500 Hz for simultaneous optimization of Ra and HAZ, respectively. From analysis of variance, the pulse frequency is identified as the most influenced process parameters on laser drilling process performance.
Investigation of pyrolysis kinetics parameters and thermal behavior of thermochemically modified bagasse for bioenergy potential
Authors: Peres Christiano Bruneli , Rosa André Henrique , de Morais Leandro Cardoso
Published: February 2021

Biomass is considering a source of organic carbon, which can replace fossil resources by using pyrolysis process, therefore an efficient biomass thermal modification technology has been target of so much research. The objective of this work is to study the potential energy of sugarcane bagasse and thermochemically modified bagasse for bioenergy potential for use in heat generation and energy. The thermal analysis was conducted by powder-shaped exposure of the three study samples (SB, AC-1, and AC-2) at three heating rates of (5, 7.5 and 10 °C min−1), it was possible to identify three stages of thermal degradation and study some thermochemical reactions, using two iso-conversional models, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) to calculate some kinetic parameters, such as activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A). First step was about the devolatilization of volatile matter, moisture, and other substances. Degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were shown in a second step. Characterization analyzes, such as SEM–EDX and textural parameters of the samples, show the presence of carbon in samples SB and AC-1. Due to SEM analyzes, morphological differences between the samples are showing as AC-1 and AC-2 samples present a rougher shape with pores, on the other hand, SB sample show a fibrous shape. In conclusion, sugarcane bagasse and thermochemically modified bagasse, show very promising results, for future studies, such as for bioenergy potential.
Phytochemical composition of extracts from yerba mate chimarrão
Authors: Pinto Vânia Zanella , Pilatti-Riccio Daniella , Costa Edlaine Santos da , Micheletto Yasmine Miguel Serafini , Quast Ernesto , Santos Gustavo Henrique Fidelis dos
Published: February 2021

Yerba mate is a tree natural from South America, traditionally daily consumed as hot (chimarrão) or cold (tereré) and roasted leaves (mate tea) infusions, being an important source of polyphenols and flavonoids in human nutrition. To produce bioactive-rich extracts from yerba mate, oven-dried leaves at 35 °C and three different commercial products, named M, T, and S, were extracted using different General Recognized as Safe solvents (distilled water (W), ethanol (E), and water: ethanol (1:1, v:v) (WE)). The yerba mate extracts were analyzed for total and soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. The WE solvent resulted in the highest TPC and TFC. However, the commercial samples showed a higher concentration of phytochemicals than oven-dried leaves, and the commercial sample T showed the lowest content of total solids and the highest content of soluble solids (°Brix). The industrial processing of yerba mate aids the TPC and TFC preservation, resulting in extracts with superior phytochemicals concentration when compared with the oven-dried sample.
Regularity of the m-symphonic map
Authors: Misawa Masashi , Nakauchi Nobumitsu
Published: February 2021

We introduce a new energy functional of conformal invariance and consider its critical points, named them-symphonic map. We study a Hölder continuity ofm-symphonic maps from domains of$$\mathbb {R}^m$$Rminto the spheres in the higher dimension$$m \ge 4$$m≥4.
Higher education and the COVID-19 pandemic: navigating disruption using the sustainable development goals
Authors: Purcell Wendy M. , Lumbreras Julio
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 health crisis has caused profound social and economic disruptions. Affecting everyone, its impact is not equal. Exacerbating deep social fissures and long-standing systemic inequalities, the pandemic reveals the fragilities and inequities in global higher education. Accelerating underlying trends and triggering seismic shifts in the sector, collective efforts over a period of weeks delivered massive change in a sector not known for being fleet-of-foot. As we envisage the ‘next normal’ for higher education, problems with the ‘old normal’ may be fixed and some recent innovations carried forward. Representing a period of punctuated equilibrium, COVID-19 could lead to transformation of the sector towards greater equity and impact across teaching/learning, research/innovation, community service/engagement and the staff/students’ experience. As we ask, “When will HE open again?”, and “When we do, what will it be like?” we may also find ourselves considering “Will some institutions open at all?” Seeking to navigate these volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous times—so-called VUCA conditions—we propose that the SDGs are positioned as a lens to re-imagine higher education in mounting an antifragility response. We examine whether a new paradigm is forming that could be more sustainable as budgets, priorities and institutional archetypes are challenged fundamentally in line with delivery against the SDGs.
Analysis of the triply heavy baryon states with the QCD sum rules
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang
Published: February 2021

In this article, we reexamine the mass spectrum of the ground state triply heavy baryon states with the QCD sum rules by carrying out the operator product expansion up to the vacuum condensates of dimension 6 in a consistent way and preforming a novel analysis. It is for the first time to take into account the three-gluon condensates in the QCD sum rules for the triply heavy baryon states.
Prisons and Crime in Latin America
Authors: Bergman Marcelo , Fondevila Gustavo
Published: February 2021

This groundbreaking work examines Latin America's prison crisis and the failure of mass incarceration policies. As crime rates rose over the past few decades, policy makers adopted incarceration as the primary response to public outcry. Yet, as the number of inmates increased, crime rates only continued to grow. Presenting new cross-national data based on extensive surveys of inmates throughout the region, this book explains the transformation of prisons from instruments of incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation to drivers of violence and criminality. Bergman and Fondevila highlight the impacts of internal drug markets and the dramatic increase in the number of imprisoned women. Furthermore, they show how prisons are not isolated from society - they are sites of active criminal networks, with many inmates maintaining fluid criminal connections with the outside world. Rather than reducing crime, prisons have become an integral part of the crime problem in Latin America.
Farm Producers' Household Consumption and Individual Risk Behavior after Natural Disasters
Authors: Wahdat Ahmad Zia , Gunderson Michael A. , Lusk Jayson L.
Published: February 2021

Understanding how farm household consumption responds to adverse income shocks can provide insight into household well-being and appropriate agricultural policy. Using a split-sample survey of Indiana specialty producers, where we randomly assign respondents to treatments that vary the size of a hypothetical income shock, we estimate the relationship between income loss and household consumption. Given that postdisaster producers' risk preferences are important for business decisions, we elicit producers' risk preferences. We find that food and miscellaneous expenses are the most sensitive to income losses. We also find evidence for decreasing absolute risk aversion among producers after the income loss shock.
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Sustainable Development Goals, and Duties of Corporations: Rejecting the False Dichotomies
Authors: CHIRWA Danwood , AMODU Nojeem
Published: February 2021

The attention that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has given to public–private partnerships in solving global concerns including poverty, sustainable development and climate change has shed new light on the question of duties of corporations in relation to economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights. At the same time, objections to recognizing the obligations of corporations in relation to human rights in general and to ESC rights in particular have continued to be made. At the formal level, these objections are reflected in new distinctions such as between the duties of states and responsibilities of corporations, between primary duties of states and secondary duties of corporations, and between obligations of compliance and obligations of performance. All these objections and distinctions are untenable and serve only to stultify the discourse on business and human rights. The current state of human rights is dynamic, not static; commodious, not stale. There is ample space in it to accommodate duties of corporations regarding ESC rights.
Finding the path of least resistance: Locally adapting the MITIGATE toolkit in emergency departments and urgent care centers
Authors: Huang Joanne , Kassamali Escobar Zahra , Bouchard Todd S. , Lansang Jose Mari G. , Jain Rupali , Chan Jeannie D. , Lynch John B. , D’Angeli Marisa A. , May Larissa S. , Bryson-Cahn Chloe
Published: February 2021

The MITIGATE toolkit was developed to assist urgent care and emergency departments in the development of antimicrobial stewardship programs. At the University of Washington, we adopted the MITIGATE toolkit in 10 urgent care centers, 9 primary care clinics, and 1 emergency department. We encountered and overcame challenges: a complex data build, choosing feasible outcomes to measure, issues with accurate coding, and maintaining positive stewardship relationships. Herein, we discuss solutions to challenges we encountered to provide guidance for those considering using this toolkit.
Microfauna- and sedimentology-based facies analysis for palaeolandscape reconstruction in the back-barrier area of Norderney (NW Germany)
Authors: Elschner Annastasia , Scheder Juliane , Bungenstock Friederike , Bartholomä Alexander , Becker Thorsten M , Capperucci Ruggero M , Enters Dirk , Karle Martina , Schlütz Frank , Wehrmann Achim , Hoffmann Gösta
Published: February 2021

Palaeolandscape reconstructions at the German North Sea coast are essential for the understanding of coastal changes and dynamic landscape-forming processes. This study contributes to reconstructing Holocene coastal changes in the back-barrier area of the East Frisian island of Norderney and draws conclusions on the local palaeogeography. Five sediment cores were analysed in terms of sedimentology (grain-size distribution), geochemistry (TOC, TIC, N, C/N), microfauna (foraminifers and ostracods) and 13 radiocarbon dates. In order to identify driving environmental factors and support the facies interpretation, multivariate statistics (PCA) were carried out. Additional cores from the surrounding area (WASA Project and ‘Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie’ (LBEG) Hannover) enabled correlation of the investigated cores over a transect of ~6 km, showing six depositional environments, which can be used for landscape reconstruction. Deposition starts with periglacial (aeolian and glaciofluvial) Pleistocene sediments, with subsequent pedogenesis followed by swamp conditions that develop into a salt marsh. The overlying tidal-flat sediments are partially cut by (fossil and recent) channel deposits. A hiatus at the base of the tidal-flat deposits that spans some 3000 years hints at their reworking caused by a combination of antrophogenic coastal protection measures and the impact of storms. Furthermore, based on the profile correlation and the age data, a widespread salt-marsh area with a minimum age of ~4000 cal BP is defined for the ‘Hohes Riff’ in the southwestern back-barrier of Norderney Island.
STRONGLY BOUNDED LOCALLY INDICABLE GROUPS
Authors: CORSON SAMUEL M.
Published: February 2021

We give the construction of some locally indicable groups which are strongly bounded (every abstract action on a metric space has bounded orbits).
Growth patterns and breast milk/infant formula energetic efficiency in healthy infants up to 18 months of life: the COGNIS study
Authors: Sepúlveda-Valbuena Natalia , Nieto-Ruiz Ana , Diéguez Estefanía , Herrmann Florian , Escudero-Marín Mireia , De-Castellar Roser , Rodríguez-Palmero María , Miranda María Teresa , García-Santos José Antonio , Bermúdez Mercedes G. , Campoy Cristina
Published: February 2021

Type of feeding during early life influences growth trajectory and metabolic risk at later ages. Modifications in infant formula composition have led to evaluate their effects on growth and energetic efficiency (EE) compared with breast-feeding. Main goal was to analyse type of feeding potential effects during first months of life, plus its EE, on growth patterns in healthy formula fed (standard infant formula (SF) vs. experimental infant formula enriched with bioactive nutrients (EF)) and breastfed (BF) infants participating in the COGNIS RCT (http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02094547) up to 18 months of age. Infants follow-up to 18 months of age (n 141) fed with a SF (n 48), EF(n 56), or BF (n 37), were assessed for growth parameters using WHO standards. Growth velocity (GV) and catch-up were calculated to identify growth patterns. EE of breast milk/infant formula was also estimated. Infants’ growth at 6 months showed higher length and lower head circumference gains in SF and EF infants than BF infants. Both weight-for-length and weight-for-age catch-up growth showed significant differences in formula fed groups compared with the BF. No significant differences in GV or catch-up were found at 6–12 and 12–18 months. Regarding EE, infant formula groups showed significantly lower weight and length gains/g of milk protein, and higher weight and length gains/g of milk lipids, than the BF infants. GV during first 6 months, which may be influenced by feeding, seems to be the main predictor of subsequent growth trajectory. Breast-feeding may have positive effects on growth programming due to its nutrients’ EE.
Trends in food consumption by degree of processing and diet quality over 17 years: results from the Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Juul Filippa , Lin Yong , Deierlein Andrea L. , Vaidean Georgeta , Parekh Niyati
Published: February 2021

Ultraprocessed foods provide the majority of energy content in the American diet, yet little is known regarding consumption trends over time. We determined trends in diet processing level and diet quality from 1991 to 2008 within the prospective Framingham Offspring Cohort. Dietary intakes were collected by FFQ quadrennially 1991–2008 (total of four examinations). The analytical sample included 2893 adults with valid dietary data for ≥3 examinations (baseline mean age = 54 years). Based on the NOVA framework, we classified foods as: unprocessed/minimally processed foods; processed culinary ingredients (salt/sugar/fats/oils); and processed foods and ultraprocessed foods. We evaluated diet quality using the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI) 2010. Trends in consumption of foods within each processing level (servings/d) and diet quality over the four examinations were evaluated using mixed effects models with subject-specific random intercepts. Analyses were stratified by sex, BMI (<25 kg/m2, 25–29·9 kg/m2, ≥30 kg/m2) and smoking status. Over 17 years of follow-up, ultraprocessed food consumption decreased from 7·5 to 6·0 servings/d and minimally processed food consumption decreased from 11·9 to 11·3 servings/d (Ptrend< 0·001). Changes in intakes of processed foods, culinary ingredients and culinary preparations were minimal. Trends were similar by sex, BMI and smoking status. DGAI-2010 score increased from 60·1 to 61·5,P< 0·001. The current study uniquely describes trends in diet processing level in an ageing US population, highlighting the longstanding presence of ultraprocessed foods in the American diet. Given the poor nutritional quality of ultraprocessed foods, public health efforts should be designed to limit their consumption.
BEINGBEATVSIN CATULLUS’ POEMS 9, 10, 22 and 23
Authors: O'Hearn Leah
Published: February 2021

sat es beatus (Catull. 23.27)

In the aggressively philosophical poem 23, Catullus attempts to change Furius’ mind about how he perceives his poverty, ‘advice’ which has been identified as either Stoic or Epicurean. Irrespective of the precise school of thought, it is clear that the poet ridicules Furius in eudaimonistic language. The poet of social commentary seeks to define thebeatus uir. In fact, the termbeatushas rich philosophical resonance and Catullus uses it in several other poems where attitudes to wealth form a significant backdrop to the poet's social posturing. Catullus was no philosopher. He employs the language and ideas of different schools, and, while his work does not reflect a coherent philosophical position, he was writing at a time when public discourse increasingly drew upon philosophical language and topoi. I will examine Catullus’ use of the termbeatusin poems 9, 10, 22 and 23 to demonstrate that the poet draws a contrast between its different meanings across these pairs of adjacent poems. I will argue that Catullus contrasts the eudaimonistic and material meanings of the word to show the differences between clear-sighted wisdom and deceptive pleasures, between the good life and a life filled with goods.
The role of lifetime stressors in adult fibromyalgia: systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Kaleycheva Nia , Cullen Alexis E. , Evans Robyn , Harris Tirril , Nicholson Timothy , Chalder Trudie
Published: February 2021

Background

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain. Although accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to stressful events increases the risk for this complex disorder, this is the first meta-analysis to compare the impact of a full range of lifetime stressors (e.g. physical trauma through to emotional neglect) on adult fibromyalgia.

Methods

This review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects models examined associations between different stressor exposures and fibromyalgia status with meta-regression investigating the effects of publication year and study quality on effect sizes.

Results

Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant associations with fibromyalgia status were observed for all six exposure types examined: odds ratios (OR) were highest for physical abuse (OR 3.23, 95% confidence interval 1.99–5.23) and total abuse (3.06, 1.71–5.46); intermediate for sexual abuse (2.65, 1.85–3.79) and smaller for medical trauma (1.80, 1.19–2.71), other lifetime stressors (1.70, 1.31–2.20), and emotional abuse (1.52, 1.27–1.81). Results were not significantly changed when childhood, as opposed to adult, exposures were used in studies that reported both. Meta-regression analyses demonstrated no effect of publication year or study quality on effect sizes.

Conclusions

This study confirmed a significant association between stressor exposure and adult fibromyalgia with the strongest associations observed for physical abuse. Limitations related to current available literature were identified; we provide several suggestions for how these can be addressed in future studies. Stressors are likely to be one of many risk factors for fibromyalgia which we argue is best approached from a biopsychosocial perspective.
Inflammation is correlated with abnormal functional connectivity in unmedicated bipolar depression: an independent component analysis study of resting-state fMRI
Authors: Tang Guixian , Chen Pan , Chen Guanmao , Zhong Shuming , Gong JiaYing , Zhong Hui , Ye Tao , Chen Feng , Wang Jurong , Luo Zhenye , Qi Zhangzhang , Jia Yanbin , Wang Ying , Huang Li
Published: February 2021

Background

Inflammation might play a role in bipolar disorder (BD), but it remains unclear the relationship between inflammation and brain structural and functional abnormalities in patients with BD. In this study, we focused on the alterations of functional connectivity (FC), peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines and their correlations to investigate the role of inflammation in FC in BD depression.

Methods

In this study, 42 unmedicated patients with BD II depression and 62 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Resting-state-functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all participants and independent component analysis was used. Serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured in all participants. Correlation between FC values and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in BD was calculated.

Results

Compared with the HCs, BD II patients showed decreased FC in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) implicating the limbic network and the right precentral gyrus implicating the somatomotor network. BD II showed increased IL-6 (p = 0.039), IL-8 (p = 0.002) levels. Moreover, abnormal FC in the right precentral gyrus were inversely correlated with the IL-8 (r = −0.458, p = 0.004) levels in BD II. No significant correlation was found between FC in the left OFC and cytokines levels.

Conclusions

Our findings that serum IL-8 levels are associated with impaired FC in the right precentral gyrus in BD II patients suggest that inflammation might play a crucial role in brain functional abnormalities in BD.
Visual ageism and the subtle sexualisation of older celebrities in L'Oréal's advert campaigns: a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Kenalemang Lame Maatla
Published: February 2021

This study focuses on the recent increase in the use of older celebrities in cosmetics advertising. It asks what kinds of ideas and values these images may attribute to discourses of ageing. Drawing on a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) perspective, this study focuses on L'Oréal UK and Ireland Web advertisements, examining how these advertisements use older celebrities to redefine/reposition ageing and exploring how they relate to the notion of ‘successful ageing’. In these advertisements, using cosmetics is presented as a positive, empowering choice. The advertisements simultaneously promote new discourses about ageing in which older women's sexuality is presented as a form of power. However, the analysis shows that the underlying discourse pathologises ageing and presents ageing as something which can be evaded through the consumption of cosmetics. It thus turns ageing into a choice, but one where the ‘right choice’ aligns with neo-liberal ideas about ageing well. For women, decision-making about ageing seems to be a never-ending process that requires constant construction, promoted through the older celebrity's sexualisation. Women are expected to always look good and present the best versions of themselves, even at the latest stages of life, which reproduces and legitimises sexist and ageist expectations about women's appearances, including the expectations that for older women to remain visible and attractive, they must hide outward signs of ageing.
Investment treaties and national governance in India: Rearrangements, empowerment, and discipline
Authors: Ostřanský Josef , Pérez Aznar Facundo
Published: February 2021

This article presents selected findings on India relating to the effects of international investment agreements (IIAs) on national governance. Our research used ethnography-inspired methods to explore the often-voiced hypothesis that IIAs induce good governance reforms in their state parties. Our findings demonstrate that the good governance hypothesis is too sweeping and lacks subtlety, but they also bring forward new conceptualizations of the impact of the international investment regime on national governance. Our research shows that governance actors use IIAs selectively in order to advance various agendas and interests. The Indian case study shows that rather than acting like a monolith when reacting to the experience of IIAs, the state is instead a site of struggle between different actors with different motivations, agendas, and interests. In such context, IIAs produce various formal–institutional as well as ideological–discursive effects that have not been captured by the existing literature. First, IIAs lead to the simultaneous practices of internalization through external adjustment and internalization through accommodation. At the same time, these modes of internalization lead to rearrangements by internalization within the public administration. Second, governance actors resort to various narratives about IIAs, which we present in this article. Importantly, the deployments of various narratives about IIAs are context-dependent and are used by governance actors tactically as convenient tools in internal political struggles within the public administration. These findings have important consequences for the design and reform of international investment regulation, should such regulation have ambition, as it does, to promote good governance.
Barriers and facilitators of household provision of dairy and plant-based dairy alternatives in families with preschool-age children
Authors: Laila Amar , Topakas Nicole , Farr Emily , Haines Jess , Ma David WL , Newton Genevieve , Buchholz Andrea C
Published: February 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators of the provision of dairy and plant-based dairy alternatives (PBDA) by parents of preschool-age children, a previously unexplored area of research.

Design:

Five focus groups of parents were conducted and audio-recorded. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting:

University of Guelph, in Guelph, ON, Canada in 2019.

Participants:

Thirty-two (n 19 mothers, 13 fathers) parents of preschool-age children. Most (59 %) were university or college educated.

Results:

Facilitators common to both dairy and PBDA provision included perceived nutritional benefits, such as dairy’s Ca, protein and fat content, and PBDA’s protein content, and the perception that PBDA adds variety to the diet. Facilitators unique to dairy v. PBDA provision included the taste of, familiarity with, and greater variety and accessibility of dairy products, specifically child-friendly products. A facilitator unique to PBDA v. dairy provision was ethical concerns regarding dairy farming practices. Barriers common to both dairy and PBDA provision included perceived cost, concerns regarding the environmental impact of production, and high sugar content. Barriers specific to dairy included use of antibiotics and hormones in dairy production. A barrier specific to PBDA was the use of pesticides.

Conclusion:

Behaviour change messages targeting parents of preschoolers can emphasise the nutrition non-equivalence of dairy and some PBDA and can educate parents on sources of affordable, unsweetened dairy and PBDA.
“What Type of Activity Suits Me?”
Authors: Schmid Julia , Schorno Nina , Gut Vanessa , Sudeck Gorden , Conzelmann Achim
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Counseling is seen as a promising method for promoting exercise behavior. The aims of this study were (1) to describe the design of a novel counseling approach based on motives and goals in exercise and sport (COMET). The COMET approach considers individual preferences, while focusing on identifying suitable types of activities. Furthermore, (2) implementation of the counseling was evaluated. A survey was carried out where 37 and 56 participants, were asked about their satisfaction with the counseling. In-depth interviews were conducted with a subsample of seven participants. Sixteen counsellors were questioned about implementation fidelity. The results showed that the COMET approach was implemented successfully in a nonclinical setting. Overall, participants were satisfied with the counseling. They found the trial exercise sessions helpful, as they offered diverse experiences and the opportunity to reflect on them. One-to-one conversations with the counselor were also beneficial, allowing participants to identify their preferences. Implementation fidelity was good. Further research could examine the implementation of the COMET approach in different settings.
Synchronous Sedimentation in Gonjo Basin, Southeast Tibet in Response to India‐Asia Collision Constrained by Magnetostratigraphy
Authors: Xiao R. , Zheng Y. , Liu X. , Yang Q. , Liu G. , Xia L. , Bian Z. , Guan J. , Feng P. , Xu H. , Clift P. D. , Qiang X. , Zhang Y. , Zheng H.
Published: February 2021

The India‐Asia collision has been the object of vigorous debate for decades, with ages of the start ranging from Late Cretaceous to Oligocene. Sedimentary records preserved in both near‐field and far‐field settings provide critical evidence concerning the age and mechanism of the collision. Gonjo Basin, one of a series of fault‐controlled basins developed along the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, contains well‐exposed sedimentary successions, providing great potential for understanding depositional, tectonic‐geomorphological and climatic history associated with India‐Asia collision and plateau uplift. Lithofacies analysis reveals that the sequences consist of sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate, formed in fluvial‐lacustrine systems. High‐resolution magnetostratigraphy, constrained by U‐Pb dating of zircon from a volcaniclastic layer which has been found in the central Gonjo Basin for the first time, indicates that sedimentation started at 69 Ma and continued in this locality until 50 Ma. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) interpretation based on the age framework reveals a post‐depositional compression after 50 Ma, responding simultaneously to the early uplift of southeast Tibetan Plateau driven by India‐Asia collision.
Potential of Mid‐tropospheric Water Vapor Isotopes to Improve Large‐Scale Circulation and Weather Predictability
Authors: Toride Kinya , Yoshimura Kei , Tada Masataka , Diekmann Christopher , Ertl Benjamin , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Schneider Matthias
Published: February 2021

Recent satellite techniques have uncovered detailed tropospheric water vapor isotope patterns on a daily basis, yet the significance of water isotopes on weather forecasting has remained largely unknown. Here, we perform a proof‐of‐concept observing system simulation experiment to show that mid‐tropospheric water isotopes observed by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) can substantially improve weather forecasts through non‐local impacts on the convective heating structure and large‐scale circulation. Assimilating IASI isotopes can improve wind, humidity, and temperature fields by more than 10% at mid‐troposphere compared to only assimilating conventional non‐isotopic observations. These improvements are about two‐thirds of assimilating simultaneous IASI water vapor observations. The improvements can be attributed more to thermodynamic (phase change) effects than dynamic (transport) effects of water isotopes. Furthermore, isotopic observations produce additional 3%–4% improvements to the fields constrained by the conventional observations and simultaneous IASI water vapor observations, demonstrating the unique characteristics of water isotopes.
Supraglacial Ice Cliffs Can Substantially Increase the Mass Loss of Debris‐Covered Glaciers
Authors: Buri Pascal , Miles Evan S. , Steiner Jakob F. , Ragettli Silvan , Pellicciotti Francesca
Published: February 2021

The thinning patterns of debris‐covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia are not well understood. Here we calculate the effect of supraglacial ice cliffs on the mass balance of all glaciers in a Himalayan catchment, using a process‐based ice cliff melt model. We show that ice cliffs are responsible for higher than expected thinning rates of debris‐covered glacier tongues, leading to an underestimation of their ice mass loss of 17% ± 4% in the catchment if not considered. We also show that cliffs do enhance melt where other processes would suppress it, that is, at high elevations, or where debris is thick, and that they contribute relatively more to glacier mass loss if oriented north. Our approach provides a key contribution to our understanding of the mass losses of debris‐covered glaciers, and a new quantification of their catchment wide melt and mass balance.
Comparison of Synoptic Maps and PFSS Solutions for The Declining Phase of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Li Huichao , Feng Xueshang , Wei Fengsi
Published: February 2021

The global distributions of photospheric magnetic field are routinely provided by synoptic maps, which often serve as fundamental observational input for coronal and heliospheric models. In this paper, we compare synoptic maps and PFSS‐derived magnetic field results obtained during 2017/12/06–2018/12/06, a period at the declining phase of solar cycle 24. We use four kinds of synoptic maps, the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) maps, the Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric Flux Transport (ADAPT) maps, the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) maps with their zero‐point uncertainty corrected (GONGz maps) or uncorrected (GONGb maps). Qualitatively similarity among the four maps are found in the low‐latitude region, but the polar fields have notable differences. While the polar fields of HMI, ADAPT and GONGz maps are unipolar and relative stable in large scale, those of the GONGb maps are variable. The PFSS results of HMI, ADAPT, and GONGz compare reasonably with coronal remote observations and near‐Earth in situ data, and the HMI maps perform slightly better. There is generally no significant difference among results of the 12 ADAPT ensemble maps, but exceptions are also found. The PFSS results of GONGb maps deviate from observation significantly. The deviations are attributed to the problematic polar field, and the source of the problem may be the zero‐point uncertainty of the magnetograms. As GONGb maps perform well in the declining phase of solar cycle 23, results in this study highlight the importance of continuous assessment of synoptic map data quality.
Linking the Siberian Flood Basalts and Giant Ni‐Cu‐PGE Sulfide Deposits at Norilsk
Authors: Yao Zhuo‐sen , Mungall James E.
Published: February 2021

The world‐class magmatic sulfide deposits in the Norilsk region exhibit a remarkable spatial and temporal association with the Siberian large igneous province (LIP). However, the details of the causal connection between the Siberian LIP and the ore deposits have remained contentious. Here we address the problem by modeling of assimilation, crystallization and flow behavior of magmas based on aggregated data from the Norilsk camp. Crustal assimilation at depth by mantle‐derived picritic magma can account for the compositional and isotopic variations of the early tholeiitic basalts and the sequestering of sulfide liquid in a mid‐crustal conduit system. When the rate and volume of asthenospheric magma production dramatically increased, the metal tenors of the mid‐crustal sulfide reservoir were first upgraded by consequent reaction with the fresh, undepleted magmas, then entrained and flushed to higher crustal levels. The resulting sulfide‐rich emulsions were too dense to reach the surface to form lavas but were instead emplaced in multiple pulses within blind sill‐like bodies at shallow depth. Sulfide ores transported from the mid‐crust were deposited at the bases of the upper‐crustal sills, where sedimentary host rocks were assimilated wholesale by the already sulfide‐charged replenishing magmas; this shallow assimilation was itself not instrumental in forming the ores. Although the evolution and dynamics of flood basalts are thus inextricably linked with coeval subvolcanic economic intrusions, the mineralization itself is argued not to occupy feeders with direct links to the overlying lavas, suggesting major implications for exploration in other LIPs.
Regional Characteristics of Atmospheric Sulfate Formation in East Antarctica Imprinted on 17O‐Excess Signature
Authors: Ishino S. , Hattori S. , Legrand M. , Chen Q. , Alexander B. , Shao J. , Huang J. , Jaeglé L. , Jourdain B. , Preunkert S. , Yamada A. , Yoshida N. , Savarino J.
Published: February 2021

17O‐excess (Δ17O = δ17O − 0.52 × δ18O) of sulfate trapped in Antarctic ice cores has been proposed as a potential tool for assessing past oxidant chemistry, while insufficient understanding of atmospheric sulfate formation around Antarctica hampers its interpretation. To probe influences of regional specific chemistry, we compared year‐round observations of Δ17O of non‐sea‐salt sulfate in aerosols (Δ17O(SO42−)nss) at Dome C and Dumont d'Urville, inland and coastal sites in East Antarctica, throughout the year 2011. Although Δ17O(SO42−)nss at both sites showed consistent seasonality with summer minima (∼1.0‰) and winter maxima (∼2.5‰) owing to sunlight‐driven changes in the relative importance of O3 oxidation to OH and H2O2 oxidation, significant intersite differences were observed in austral spring–summer and autumn. The cooccurrence of higher Δ17O(SO42−)nss at inland (2.0‰ ± 0.1‰) than the coastal site (1.2‰ ± 0.1‰) and chemical destruction of methanesulfonate (MS–) in aerosols at inland during spring–summer (October–December), combined with the first estimated Δ17O(MS–) of ∼16‰, implies that MS– destruction produces sulfate with high Δ17O(SO42−)nss of ∼12‰. If contributing to the known postdepositional decrease of MS– in snow, this process should also cause a significant postdepositional increase in Δ17O(SO42−)nss over 1‰, that can reconcile the discrepancy between Δ17O(SO42−)nss in the atmosphere and ice. The higher Δ17O(SO42−)nss at the coastal site than inland during autumn (March–May) may be associated with oxidation process involving reactive bromine and/or sea‐salt particles around the coastal region.