bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social support for students with visual impairments in educational institutions: An integrative literature review
Authors: Manitsa Ifigeneia , Doikou Maro
Published: July 2020

Students with visual impairments often experience emotional problems and encounter difficulties in forming and maintaining social relationships. Research indicates that the social support provided to these students by staff members and their peers in educational institutions may have a positive impact on their academic learning and socioemotional development. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to synthesise the results from 17 academic articles published during 1998 and 2018, which examined the topic of social support for students with visual impairments in educational institutions. This review reveals that for students with visual impairments cooperation, empathetic behaviour, and practical assistance are the main components of social support. These students actively seek social support from staff members and peers, but they face many challenges, such as the lack of training and awareness. Support from staff members contributes to students’ academic learning and social inclusion, whereas peers’ social support enhances their self-esteem and social acceptance. The outlined positive effects of educational interventions on students’ social skills and social interaction support the need for implementing more interventions. The limitations of the studies reviewed and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Understanding Fantasy and Adult Doll Play Through Regression in Service of the Self
Authors: Ignacio Angelie , Cupchik Gerald
Published: July 2020

This study explored doll play activities involving adult doll collectors, and students who participated in an experimental story creation task which incorporated dolls/toy images and urban/landscape settings. It was expected that a secure versus insecure sense of self would perform a mediating role. The study involved two data collections: Online and Laboratory. Both phases used a 10 item questionnaire regarding participant’s sense of self. The online phase measured attitudes about fantasy and play, along with creative aspects of the doll hobby by adult collectors. The laboratory phase sought to determine whether doll play activity involving undergraduate students could be simulated in a laboratory setting. We found that in both samples, a positive correlation was found between insecure sense of self and fantasy proneness. This indicates that adult collectors and to an extent undergraduates may utilize fantasy (e.g., world building) and doll play as an act of defensive regression to resolve internal conflicts. Subsequently, a negative correlation between planning the doll aesthetic and fantasy proneness was found in the adult collectors’ sample, which may indicate regression in service of the self.
Diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced breast MRI versus X-ray mammography in women with different degrees of breast density
Authors: Barkhausen Jörg , Bischof Arpad , Haverstock Daniel , Klemens Mark , Brueggenwerth Guenther , Weber Olaf , Endrikat Jan
Published: July 2020

Background

Detection of breast cancer in women with high breast densities is a clinical challenge.

Purpose

To study the influence of different degrees of breast density on the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (CE-BMRI) versus X-ray mammography (XRM).

Material and Methods

We performed an additional analysis of two large Phase III clinical trials (G1; G2) which included women with histologically proven breast cancers, called “index cancers.” Additional cancers were detected during image reading. We compared the sensitivity of CE-BMRI and XRM in women with different breast densities (ACR A→D; Version 5). For each study, six blinded readers evaluated the images. Results are given as the “Median Reader.”

Results

A total of 774 patients were included, 169 had additional cancers. While sensitivity of CE-BMRI for detecting all index cancers was independent of breast density (ACR A→D) (G1: 83%→83%; G2: 91%→91%) the sensitivity of XRM declined (ACR A→D) (G1: 79%→62%; G2: 82%→64%). Thus, the sensitivity difference between both imaging modalities in ACR A breasts of 3% (G1) and 9% (G2) increased to 21% (G1) and 26% (G2) in ACR D breasts. Sensitivity of CE-BMRI for detecting at least one additional cancer increased with increasing breast density (ACR A→D) (G1: 50%→73%, G2: 57%→81%). XRM’s sensitivity decreased (G1: 34%→20%) or remained stable (G2: 24%→25%).

Conclusion

CE-BMRI showed significantly higher sensitivity compared to XRM.
Embedding futurity in urban governance: Redevelopment schemes and the time value of money
Authors: Weber Rachel
Published: July 2020

Whether appraising development projects or underwriting bonds to finance infrastructure, municipal governments rely on “time value of money” (TVM) techniques to discount and convert hypothetical future cash flows into objects of knowledge in the present. I analyze these calculative techniques through participant observation and interviews with professionals involved in redevelopment projects funded by Tax Increment Financing (TIF) in the Midwestern United States. I find that the TVM assumptions used in models to estimate future values help embed financialized modes of futurity into governance, leveraging the tax base for entrepreneurial urbanism. I describe the contexts in which these techniques are used and, drawing on the literature on the social construction of value, the future imaginaries they perform. I explain why the local state adopts the private sector’s low discount rates and the material effects of this mimicry: inflated estimates of future property values, which are capitalized into larger amounts of public subsidy and, possibly, higher actual values. Future values are also the basis for co-rent-seeking, whereby the state attempts to repay debt on infrastructure through the production of surplus value in land. With institutional support, the techniques and assumptions underpinning these land value capture strategies intensify development and create a reinforcing spiral of asset appreciation.
Dimensional Evaluation of Cognitive Measures: Methodological Confounds and Theoretical Concerns
Authors: Decker Scott L. , Bridges Rachel M. , Luedke Jessica C. , Eason Michael J.
Published: July 2020

The current study provides a methodological review of studies supporting a general factor of intelligence as the primary model for contemporary measures of cognitive abilities. A further evaluation is provided by an empirical evaluation that compares statistical estimates using different approaches in a large sample of children (ages 9–13 years, N = 780) administered a comprehensive battery of cognitive measures. Results from this study demonstrate the ramifications of using the bifactor and Schmid–Leiman (BF/SL) technique and suggest that using BF/SL methods limit interpretation of cognitive abilities to only a general factor. The inadvertent use of BF/SL methods is demonstrated to impact both model dimensionality and variance estimates for specific measures. As demonstrated in this study, conclusions from both exploratory and confirmatory studies using BF/SL methods are significantly questioned, especially for studies with a questionable theoretical basis. Guidelines for the interpretation of cognitive test scores in applied practice are discussed.
Daily Rhythms of Female Self-maintenance Correlate with Predation Risk and Male Nest Attendance in a Biparental Wader
Authors: Brynychová Kateřina , Šálek Miroslav E. , Vozabulová Eva , Sládeček Martin
Published: July 2020

Parents make tradeoffs between care for offspring and themselves. Such a tradeoff should be reduced in biparental species, when both parents provide parental care. However, in some biparental species, the contribution of one sex varies greatly over time or between pairs. How this variation in parental care influences self-maintenance rhythms is often unclear. In this study, we used continuous video recording to investigate the daily rhythms of sleep and feather preening in incubating females of the Northern Lapwing ( Vanellus vanellus), a wader with a highly variable male contribution to incubation. We found that the female’s sleep frequency peaked after sunrise and before sunset but was low in the middle of the day and especially during the night. In contrast, preening frequency followed a 24-h rhythm and peaked in the middle of the day. Taken together, incubating females rarely slept or preened during the night, when the predation pressure was highest. Moreover, the sleeping and preening rhythms were modulated by the male contribution to incubation. Females that were paired with more contributing males showed a stronger sleep rhythm but also a weaker preening rhythm. If more incubating males also invest more in nest guarding and deterring daylight predators, their females may afford more sleep on the nest during the day and preen more when they are off the nest. Whether the lack of sleep in females paired with less caregiving males has fitness consequences awaits future investigation.
Sintering quality and parameters optimization of sisal fiber/PES composite fabricated by selective laser sintering (SLS)
Authors: Idriss Aboubaker IB , Li Jian , Guo Yanling , Wang Yangwei , Li Xingdong , Zhang Zhiqiang , Elfaki Elkhawad A
Published: July 2020

This article aims to improve the sintering quality of the sisal fiber/poly-(ether sulfone) (PES) composite (SFPC) part fabricated via selective laser sintering (SLS). The sisal fiber and PES powders were proposed as the feedstock of the SFPC powder bed for SLS. An orthogonal experimental methodology with four levels and five factors was applied to optimize the process parameters for the single-layer sintering experiment. The mechanical properties and accurate dimensions of the sintered part were tested using a universal testing machine and Vernier caliper. The preheating temperature, scanning speed, and laser power were selected as influencing factors on the mechanical properties and accuracy dimensions of the SFPC part. Furthermore, the influence factors on the quality of the sintered part were studied and analyzed. Additionally, the synthesis weighted scoring method was used to determine the optimum parameters of the SLS part. The results showed that the optimal parameters (factors) were preheating temperature of 82°C, scanning speed of 2 m s−1, laser power of 14 W, and laser wavelength of 10.6 μm. Thus, the quality of SFPC part was significantly enhanced when the optimum parameters were applied in SLS process. This article provided the main reference value for the choice of the process parameters of the biomass composite.
Career Counselors Self-Disclosing to First-Generation College Students: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Krieger Cohen Pamela E. , Johnson Ane Turner
Published: July 2020

Financial security is cited among reasons why first-generation college students (FGCS) pursue higher education, yet the literature advocating the pursuit of a bachelor’s degree for its perceived value in the employment marketplace fails to include the need for career exploration and planning during the college years. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to examine how career counselors who had been the first in their families to go to college use their personal experience to support current FGCS. The findings of the study suggest that career counselors who share personal, relevant stories from their own college experiences can counter students’ feelings of isolation and confusion regarding career exploration and planning. Further, findings suggest that career counselors who actively partner with academic and student life colleagues on their campuses help FGCS students form a network of contacts, subsequently creating equitable social capital opportunities for all students.
Collision dynamics analysis of lifting the pantograph
Authors: Yao Yongming , Zhou Ning , Zou Dong , Mei Guiming , Zhang Weihua
Published: July 2020

An extended pantograph-catenary (PAC) contact collision model is presented in this paper. The catenary is described by a finite element model while the pantograph is described by a multi-body model. The normal collision model is established by using the Hertzian contact theory. A 1:1 PAC collision contact test rig is built to validate the pantograph-lifting model. The dynamic responses of the PAC system during lifting the pantograph with different velocities and positions are studied. The research results show that the velocity and position of lifting the pantograph will affect the pantograph-lifting time, acceleration of collector piece, vertical displacement and contact force in the process of lifting pantograph. When the velocity of lifting the pantograph exceeds 0.5 m/s, the contact force between the pantograph and the contact wire will exceed 250 N, which is the allowed value set in the provisions of EN50367. It is essential to control the velocity of lifting the pantograph below 0.4 m/s to prevent the catenary or contact piece from being damaged due to the excessive impact force. The distribution of the droppers also affects the collision force between the PAC system.
A diagnosis method based on depthwise separable convolutional neural network for the attachment on the blade of marine current turbine
Authors: Xin Bin , Zheng Yilai , Wang Tianzhen , Chen Lisu , Wang Yide
Published: July 2020

To diagnose the attachment of marine current turbine, this article proposes a method based on convolutional neural network and the concepts of depthwise separable convolution to achieve feature extraction. The method consists of three steps: data preprocessing, feature extraction and fault diagnosis. This method can diagnose the fault degree of blade imbalance and uniform attachment in underwater environment with strong currents and complex spatiotemporal variability. It can extract distinct image feature in harsh marine environments by using a convolutional neural network. In addition, this method is robust for the recognition of blurred pictures under high-speed rotation.
Protective effect of adenosine triphosphate against sunitinib-related skin damage in rats
Authors: Yıldırım N , Karatas A , Cengiz M , Onalan E , Yazıcı GN , Sunar M , Mammadov R , Coban A , Suleyman H
Published: July 2020

Cutaneous side effects associated with sunitinib use are a major problem in patients receiving cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) against possible skin damage resulting from sunitinib use in rats. Thirty Albino Winstar rats were divided into the following three groups: healthy controls (HCs, n = 10), sunitinib (SUN, n = 10), and sunitinib + ATP (SAT, n = 10). ATP was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg/kg. One hour subsequent to the administration of ATP and 0.9% NaCl, the SAT and SUN groups were orally administered a dose of 25 mg/kg sunitinib to the stomach. Macroscopic evaluation of the skin indicated lower levels of skin damage in the SAT group than in the SUN group. As an indicator of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher in the SUN group than in the HC group, while total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly lower. However, MDA, TOS, and OSI levels were significantly lower in the SAT group than in the SUN group, while tGSH and TAS levels were significantly higher. Histopathological examination revealed keratin plugs with edema, vasopathology, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the SUN group. The SAT group showed less necrotic epithelium, keratin plugs, edema, and vasopathology than the SUN group. ATP can be effective in preventing skin damage caused by sunitinib use by reducing oxidative stress.
Bempedoic Acid: A New Drug for an Old Problem
Authors: Nguyen Dat , Du Nathan , Sulaica Elisabeth M. , Wanat Matthew A.
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bempedoic acid for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction.

Data Sources:

A PubMed search was conducted from January 2000 to June 15, 2020, using the keyword bempedoic acid for phase III clinical trials published in the English language.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Articles related to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of bempedoic acid and other trials relating to the safety and efficacy of this drug were included.

Data Synthesis:

The findings from this review show that bempedoic acid is a safe and effective option for lowering LDL-C levels in patients requiring LDL-C lowering for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Statin therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for both primary and secondary prevention. However, many patients cannot tolerate statin therapy because of statin-associated muscle symptoms. Bempedoic acid may be a reasonable adjunct for LDL-C reduction, though further evaluation of cardiovascular outcomes with bempedoic acid in this population is needed.

Conclusions:

The recent FDA approval of bempedoic acid offers an additional option for lowering LDL-C levels in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heterozygous familial hyperlipidemia. Additional data regarding effect on long-term cardiovascular outcomes with bempedoic acid are currently being studied.
COVID-19: Coagulopathy, Risk of Thrombosis, and the Rationale for Anticoagulation
Authors: Miesbach Wolfgang , Makris Michael
Published: July 2020

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as adult respiratory syndrome, sepsis, coagulopathy, and death in a proportion of patients. Among other factors and direct viral effects, the increase in the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, the decrease in the vasodilator angiotensin, and the sepsis-induced release of cytokines can trigger a coagulopathy in COVID-19. A coagulopathy has been reported in up to 50% of patients with severe COVID-19 manifestations. An increase in d-dimer is the most significant change in coagulation parameters in severe COVID-19 patients, and progressively increasing values can be used as a prognostic parameter indicating a worse outcome. Limited data suggest a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in up to 40% of patients, despite the use of a standard dose of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in most cases. In addition, pulmonary microvascular thrombosis has been reported and may play a role in progressive lung failure. Prophylactic LMWH has been recommended by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) and the American Society of Hematology (ASH), but the best effective dosage is uncertain. Adapted to the individual risk of thrombosis and the d-dimer value, higher doses can be considered, especially since bleeding events in COVID-19 are rare. Besides the anticoagulant effect of LMWH, nonanticoagulant properties such as the reduction in interleukin 6 release have been shown to improve the complex picture of coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19.
Challenging Native Speakerism in Literacy Research and Education
Authors: Kim Grace MyHyun
Published: July 2020

Scholars have examined the myth of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) as model minorities in education and specifically within mathematics education, yet less is known about how this myth reveals an intersection of race and language that shapes the experiences of AAPIs in the literacy field. In this article, I argue that a monolingual model rooted in nativist ideologies of English is part and parcel of AAPIs’ racialization as model minorities and forever foreigners. Drawing from AAPI and literacy studies as well as autoethnographic insights, I further argue that the positioning of AAPIs in literacy research illustrates its Eurocentric legacy. This Insights article seeks to raise awareness of a racialized native speaker ethos of literacy research and education, and to call for more literacy research on AAPIs—an invisible minority within the field. Implications include expanding notions of literacy with varied and global perspectives through more research with and from multilingual nondominant communities.
Dual-Language Books: Enhancing Engagement and Language Awareness
Authors: Zaidi Rahat
Published: July 2020

This collaborative action research project in Alberta, Canada, explored how dual-language books (DLBs) can foster literacy instruction and learner engagement through language awareness. Canada’s changing demographics have resulted in mother tongue diversity and many urban schools identifying at least 25% of students as being English language learners, making it crucial to include a mix of languages in classroom interactions to engage all learners. The case study combined prereading linguistic prompts with a reading of 10 DLBs, one each week, by guest readers in Urdu, Tagalog, and Spanish, alongside the teacher reading in English. Video recordings and surveys collected data on the teacher’s, guest readers’, and learners’ reflections on the experience. Findings indicate that regardless of the learners’ linguistic heritage or English language competence, the DLBs offered a unique support for literacy engagement while fostering a focus on language awareness, reading strategies, and higher order engagement with text.
Helicobacter Pylori cagA+ Genotype is Associated With Consumption of Untreated Drinking Water in North-Eastern Brazil
Authors: Alves de Oliveira Serra Maria Aparecida , Lima Victor Pereira , Santos Carlos Alberto Andrade Serra dos , Moura de Araújo Márcio Flávio
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

This study aimed to identify the Helicobacter pylori cagA+ genotype prevalent in a region of north-eastern Brazil and find possible associations between this genotype and socioeconomic variables.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 751 patients with dyspepsia from a public endoscopy clinic. Genotyping was carried out on 98 samples from gastric tissue with positive urease test for H. pylori using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Socioeconomic variables were collected via forms. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to analyze associations between variables and odds ratios were obtained to compare effects. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05 for univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

H. pylori infection was present in 52.7% of the patients and associated with low income and consumption of untreated drinking water. The prevalence of the cagA+ genotype was 25.5%. Low income was inversely related to the presence of cagA+ genotype, even after adjustment. Untreated drinking water consumption was associated with the presence of the cagA+ genotype in both the univariate ( p = 0.03; OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.008–6.48) and multivariate ( p = 0.03; OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.08–7.67) analyses.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study suggest that water can be an important vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic H. pylori strains and may be a public health challenge, especially in less developed regions with precarious water and sanitary conditions.
Postoperative acetabular component position in revision hip arthroplasty: a comparison of the anterior and posterior approaches
Authors: Wilson Jacob M , Schwartz Andrew M , Farley Kevin X , Anastasio Albert T , Bradbury Thomas L , Guild George N
Published: July 2020

Background:

While previously considered unsuitable for revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA), the direct anterior approach (DAA) can be extended to allow for safe acetabular component revision. In primary hip arthroplasty, the DAA and its associated fluoroscopy, has been shown to produce more acceptable component positioning. However, there is little data comparing the DAA to the posterior approach (PA) for rTHA. We hypothesised that, the DAA with intraoperative fluoroscopy would allow for more precise acetabular component positioning when compared to those performed using a PA.

Methods:

50 consecutive patients (25 DAA and 25 PA) undergoing rTHA were included. Radiographic analysis of postoperative acetabular component position was then performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses was performed to assess the contribution of approach on cup positioning inside classically defined “safe zones”.

Results:

Baseline patient characteristics were similar. The PA was associated with more cups placed outside the Lewinnek (48% vs. 12%, p = 0.005) and the Danoff (52% vs. 28%, p = 0.083) “safe zones” when compared to the DAA. Multivariate analysis revealed that operative approach was the only patient or surgical factor associated with component position outside of the “safe zones” (Lewinnek [OR = 13.6; 95% CI, 2.12–87.9, p = 0.006] and Danoff [OR = 7.7; 95% CI, 1.48–40.1, p = 0.015]).

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that the DAA allows for more reproducible and precise cup placement in RTHA. The safe-zone paradigm remains a useful index of accurate cup positioning and the DAA, with use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, offers more consistent acetabular component positioning when compared to the PA.
New forms of internationalisation? The impact of Netflix in Australia
Authors: Cunningham Stuart , Scarlata Alexa
Published: July 2020

This article examines the impact of multinational subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services in Australia, noting the degree to which a stalled policy response to the challenge of unregulated SVOD services has been shaken up by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We look at the phenomenon from a screen-ecological perspective – where dynamics of consumption, reviewing, production and regulation are interdependently and often contradictorily in play. We examine how these diverse, sometimes conflicted, perspectives can be approached as responding to new forms of internationalisation presented principally by the operations of Netflix in Australia (Amazon Prime Video, Disney+ and Apple TV+ are also mentioned when relevant). This article is part of a larger project (ARC Discovery DP190100978 Internet-Distributed Television: Cultural, Industrial and Policy Dynamics, chief investigators Ramon Lobato, Amanda Lotz, Stuart Cunningham) studying the cultural, industrial and policy dynamics of multinational SVOD globally and in situ locally.
When global meets local: Action learning, positionality and postcolonialism
Authors: Mughal Farooq
Published: July 2020

This article explores changes in the positionality of Pakistani MBA students as they undergo an action learning (AL) intervention designed to encourage group reflection for the purpose of stimulating self-directed learning. Findings from this article suggest that reflecting openly and challenging deep-seated beliefs in AL groups disrupts learner positionality, creating temporary misalignment with embodied cultural dispositions which shape social interactions and relationships. When applied in the context of Pakistani business schools, public reflection in action learning groups creates dynamics resulting in three broad participant responses that trigger realignment with cultural norms: dissonance, aversion and ambivalence. As facilitators and educators, overlooking such responses to attempt empowering learners and encouraging self-direction can result in the unconscious reinforcement of power relationships that the reflective practice of action learning seeks to challenge.
Investigating the structure, adhesion and tribological properties of Al and Zr-doped TiN coatings with various substrate bias voltage and working pressure
Authors: Sert Yaşar , Küçükömeroğlu Tevfik , Efeoğlu İhsan
Published: July 2020

In this study, TiAlZrN films were coated on the hardened 1.2344 (X 40 CrMoV 5 1) steels using DC power supplied closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS) technique. Structural investigations of coatings were carried out using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The thickness of coatings was measured from the cross-sectional scanning electron microscope images, and the grain size value and residual stress were calculated by using X-ray diffraction data in the Scherrer formula. Nano indentation method was used to investigate the surface hardness for reducing the substrate effect due to very thin coating thickness (∼2–3 µm). Scratch test was performed for determining the adhesion strength of the coatings. As a tribo-test, a ball-on-disk system was used. From the results, it was understood why TiAlZrN coatings were attractive. The highest hardness was observed as 50.67 GPa, and the highest scratch resistance was reached to 56 N. Also, it was determined that the coating having the highest tribological properties (5.46 × 10−5 mm3/Nm) increased the wear resistance of the substrate six times (3.06 × 10−4 mm3/Nm).
Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation for determining an optimized oil jet layout for spiral bevel gear lubrication
Authors: Zhu X , Dai Y , Ma F , Ouyang B
Published: July 2020

In aeroengine industry, the oil jet layout significantly influences lubrication of high-speed and heavy-load transmission gears, as there is only extremely limited meshing clearance for the oil stream jetting into and an inevitable blocking effect of rotating gears. A novel mathematical model for calculating the exact impingement depth of the lubrication oil jet on the spiral bevel gear surface has been established, and it contains comprehensive and detailed design parameters for the jet nozzle layout and meshing gears. Furthermore, under different jet layout parameters conditions, computational fluid dynamic numerical simulations for oil jet lubrication of an aeronautical spiral bevel gear pair were conducted and, then, the simulation results are compared with the impingement depths based on the mathematical model. The simulation results reveal that the oil volume fraction and oil pressure on the meshing area increase with the impingement depth, validating the effectiveness and reliability of the method using the impingement depth mathematical model for evaluating oil jet lubrication. Optimized oil jet layout parameters including the jet nozzle position, jet elevation angle, and jet azimuth angle have been determined and recommended, and they provide valuable theoretical design methods and technical guidance for oil jet lubrication optimization for various practical high-speed and heavy-load spiral bevel gears.
Uses of local ethnic television: Finland Calling (1962–2015) and Michigan’s Upper Peninsula
Authors: Pajala Mari
Published: July 2020

Finland Calling was a bilingual Sunday morning television program targeting Finnish Americans and airing on WLUC-TV, a local commercial station in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. The show ran from 1962 to 2015, just over 50 years. This article uses it as a case study to argue that if we look beyond prime-time network programming, we can see that US television has not always promoted a homogeneous national culture; rather, it has at times been a resource for the development of distinctive local and ethnic cultures. Based on an analysis of Finland Calling episodes and written sources about the show, the article demonstrates that while the show’s primary target audience was the local Finnish American community, it also resonated with broader conceptions of Upper Peninsula culture, participated in Finnish American cultural activities at the North American level, and emphasized transnational connections between the Upper Peninsula and Finland.
Investigation and comparison on thermal comfort and energy consumption of four personalized seat heating systems based on heated floor panels
Authors: Yu Guoqing , Gu Zhaoji , Yan Zhenye , Chen Hengtao
Published: July 2020

The climate of Yangtze River Basin in China is cold and humid in winter. Conventional air-conditioning systems may cause high energy consumption and uncomfortable microclimatic conditions especially for lower body of indoor occupants. This study investigated four personalized seat heating systems, in a typical office room in Shanghai during winter, based on heated floor panels including heated floor panels + ordinary chair (HF-OC), heated floor panels + insulated chair (HF-IC), heated floor panels +insulated chair and leg box (HF-IC-LB) and overall personalized heating (OPH). The surface temperature of walls and heated floor panels, and the indoor air temperature at different positions were recorded with thermocouples. The hourly energy consumptions of the proposed personalized seat heating systems were measured and compared with a conventional split type air conditioner. Questionnaires of thermal sensation and comfort were carried out among 10 university students. Compared with HF-OC, HF-IC could improve the thermal comfort to a certain extent, while HF-IC-LB provided the optimal thermal micro-environment for the lower body other than other body parts. The OPH systems were proven effective to provide satisfactory thermal environment for all body parts at lower indoor temperature (12–16°C) with much less energy consumption than room air conditioners.
A TOPSIS optimization for the indoor thermal environment through oscillating airflow generated from a cassette split type air conditioner
Authors: Fan Yunqing
Published: July 2020

This study evaluates the feasibility of a control method, ‘the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution’ (TOPSIS) for the optimization of the subzone thermal environment by optimizing the oscillating airflow generated from a cassette split type air conditioner. To address the quasi-dynamic thermal comfort problems, various operation swinging angles of the louvre in the supply opening of an air conditioner and swinging periods were investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The impact of air supply control strategies (louvres movement) on the indoor thermal environment was evaluated by multi-criteria operation under quasi-dynamic conditions. The operation parameters were shown to have significantly improved the deviation in thermal uniformity by 16.5% and thermal preference by 7.6%. A 40 s swing period and wider swing angles for the operation of the inner louvre would satisfy the thermal uniformity rather than other alternatives. A shorter swing period <20 s is insufficient to allow perfect airflow mixing at the vertical section. For individual target mode such as the room corner, the thermal performance is more sensitive to the swing angle than the swing period; by increasing the swing angle to ±60° to enhance thermal preference, a 24.1% increase in the overall thermal performance would be achieved.
Combining active control and synchrophasing for vibration isolation of a floating raft system: An experimental demonstration
Authors: Yang Tiejun , Wu Lei , Li Xinhui , Zhu Minggang , Liu Zhigang , Brennan Michael J
Published: July 2020

Vibration isolation of a floating raft system typically found in a marine application is of concern in this paper. Housed on the raft are electrical motors each driving two counter rotating shafts with eccentric masses attached. An experimental study is described in which vibration transmitted to a large-scale, laboratory-based hull-like structure is attenuated by using three measures. They are, the use of vibration isolators between the raft and the hull-like structure, adjustment of the phase of the electrical supply between the motors to minimize vibration transmitted through the isolators, and the application of an active vibration control system using hydraulic actuators placed in parallel with the isolators. The results show that this combination of measures is extremely effective at reducing the vibration transmission to the hull-like structure, and consequent reduction the sound radiation. It is more effective than the application of any of the vibration control measures applied by themselves.
Fraud reporting in Catalonia in the Internet era: Determinants and motives
Authors: Kemp Steven
Published: July 2020

Fraud has been identified as one of the most prevalent property crimes in the Internet era and underreporting represents one of the most pressing challenges to prevention and policing. Like fraud itself, the issue is not new and therefore traditional findings and approaches designed to foster reporting may also be applicable to online fraud. This study performs a series of regression models to analyse data on fraud victims from two editions of the representative Catalan Public Security Survey. The aim is to identify and compare socio-demographic, context and crime event determinants of online and offline fraud reporting, as well as the reasons for not reporting. Thus, the article contributes to the literature regarding cybercrime and traditional crime a/symmetries. The findings show that, surprisingly, online fraud is reported at a higher rate than offline fraud, mainly owing to the greater odds of being considered a crime by the victim. In general, fraud reporting appears to involve a rational component because financial and non-financial harms and the expected utility of reporting are more relevant to the decision than socio-demographic factors. In addition, the most common reasons for not reporting refer to the opportunity costs of doing so. The demographic predictors of online reporters show only slight differences from their offline counterparts, but more associations are found regarding the reasons for not reporting. Finally, the implications for policy are discussed.
A Novel Silicone Fixation Dressing: A Possibly Ideal Method for Drainage Tube Fixation
Authors: David Papa Akuetteh Percy , Bridgette Akuetteh Yvette , Shen Xian , Zhang Qiyu , Zeng Qiqiang
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Some issues of drainage tube after surgery, such as unplanned extubation and local pain, have been puzzling surgeons. Methods. We designed a product that uses a two-way wrap technique to fix the tube in place, absorption pad to absorb excess fluid spill around the tube and a restickable silicone adhersive property which maintains the adhersive strength of the fixation for at least 10 days. Result. The preliminary clinical studies results showed a possibly better fixation property by giving the drainage tube a firmer hold, easy to use device and a relatively painless noninvasive procedure method as compared to the traditional drainage fixation. Conclusion. The novel silicone fixation dressing has graced surgery with innovation by improving on the flaws associated with the traditional drain fixation. Making it a possibly ideal method for drainage tube fixation and highly recommended for clinical use.
‘Creating health’: evaluation of three arts for health training events for GP trainees
Authors: Ellis Vivien , Tully Katherine , Gill Nicola , McLewin Angus , Clift Stephen
Published: July 2020

Background:

General practitioners (GPs) and other health professionals have a key role in signposting their patients to appropriate opportunities for engaging in arts and creative activities for the health and wellbeing benefits they may bring. Training is needed to ensure that GPs are aware of the evidence supporting the role of the arts, and the local availability of ‘creative arts for health’ activities for their patients.

Aim:

This article describes the content and evaluation of three arts and health training events for trainee GPs conducted over the period 2016–2019. They took place in association with Guy’s and St Thomas, Hillingdon and York and Scarborough General Practice Vocational Training Schemes (GPVTS).

Methods:

Evaluation was undertaken for the London events using a specially constructed questionnaire, with rating scales, completed before and after the training events. For the York event, a simple bespoke evaluation questionnaire was employed at the end of the training day. All participants gave consent for photography and filming during the events.

Results:

Feedback from GPs on the training events revealed increased awareness of the evidence for arts and health interventions, and more positive attitudes towards the role of creative arts in primary care in promoting the health and wellbeing of patients. An additional finding was a recognition by GP trainees that creative activities can enhance a holistic approach to patient care and play a positive part in supporting their own wellbeing.

Conclusion:

Training events of the kind described, with opportunities for creative participation for GP trainees, can enhance awareness of the benefits of creative activity for patient health and wellbeing, and may motivate future GPs to signpost patients towards opportunities for engaging in creative activities. This training model is applicable for any health worker who can refer patients to arts for health activities and has potential to be scaled up nationally.
MEESSI-AHF risk score performance to predict multiple post-index event and post-discharge short-term outcomes
Authors: Rossello Xavier , Bueno Héctor , Gil Víctor , Jacob Javier , Javier Martín-Sánchez Francisco , Llorens Pere , Herrero Puente Pablo , Alquézar-Arbé Aitor , Raposeiras-Roubín Sergio , López-Díez M Pilar , Pocock Stuart , Miró Òscar
Published: July 2020

Background

The multiple estimation of risk based on the emergency department Spanish score in patients with acute heart failure (MEESSI-AHF) is a risk score designed to predict 30-day mortality in acute heart failure patients admitted to the emergency department. Using a derivation cohort, we evaluated the performance of the MEESSI-AHF risk score to predict 11 different short-term outcomes.

Methods

Patients with acute heart failure from 41 Spanish emergency departments (n=7755) were recruited consecutively in two time periods (2014 and 2016). Logistic regression models based on the MEESSI-AHF risk score were used to obtain c-statistics for 11 outcomes: three with follow-up from emergency department admission (inhospital, 7-day and 30-day mortality) and eight with follow-up from discharge (7-day mortality, emergency department revisit and their combination; and 30-day mortality, hospital admission, emergency department revisit and their two combinations with mortality).

Results

The MEESSI-AHF risk score strongly predicted mortality outcomes with follow-up starting at emergency department admission (c-statistic 0.83 for 30-day mortality; 0.82 for inhospital death, P=0.121; and 0.85 for 7-day mortality, P=0.001). Overall, mortality outcomes with follow-up starting at hospital discharge predicted slightly less well (c-statistic 0.80 for 7-day mortality, P=0.011; and 0.75 for 30-day mortality, P<0.001). In contrast, the MEESSI-AHF score predicted poorly outcomes involving emergency department revisit or hospital admission alone or combined with mortality (c-statistics 0.54 to 0.62).

Conclusions

The MEESSI-AHF risk score strongly predicts mortality outcomes in acute heart failure patients admitted to the emergency department, but the model performs poorly for outcomes involving hospital admission or emergency department revisit. There is a need to optimise this risk score to predict non-fatal events more effectively.
A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of Perinatal Risk and Resilience During COVID-19
Authors: Farewell Charlotte V. , Jewell Jennifer , Walls Jessica , Leiferman Jenn A.
Published: July 2020

Introduction/Objectives: National guidelines underscore the need for improvement in the detection and treatment of mood disorders in the perinatal period. Exposure to disasters can amplify perinatal mood disorders and even have intergenerational impacts. The primary aim of this pilot study was to use mixed-methods to better understand the mental health and well-being effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as sources of resilience, among women during the perinatal period. Methods: The study team used a simultaneous exploratory mixed-methods design to investigate the primary objective. Thirty-one pregnant and postpartum women participated in phone interviews and were invited to complete an online survey which included validated mental health and well-being measures. Results: Approximately 12% of the sample reported high depressive symptomatology and 60% reported moderate or severe anxiety. Forty percent of the sample reported being lonely. The primary themes related to stress were uncertainty surrounding perinatal care, exposure risk for both mother and baby, inconsistent messaging from information sources and lack of support networks. Participants identified various sources of resilience, including the use of virtual communication platforms, engaging in self-care behaviors (eg, adequate sleep, physical activity, and healthy eating), partner emotional support, being outdoors, gratitude, and adhering to structures and routines. Conclusions: Since the onset of COVID-19, many pregnant and postpartum women report struggling with stress, depression, and anxiety symptomatology. Findings from this pilot study begin to inform future intervention work to best support this highly vulnerable population.
Elementary School Counselors Supporting Students Experiencing Anticipatory Grief
Authors: Blueford Jillian M. , Gibbons Melinda M.
Published: July 2020

The experience of grief after a death-related loss is endured by many, including elementary-aged, students. However, anticipatory grief, or the grieving process that begins when someone knows that a loved one is dying, can create additional challenges. This article explores how elementary-aged students grieve while anticipating a loved one’s death and how school counselors can use therapeutic approaches to address student’s needs and support them as they prepare for their loss.
The Impact and Perception of Cell Phone Usage in a Teaching Hospital Setting
Authors: Caminiti Courtney , Deng Lily , Greenberg Patricia , Scolpino Anthony , Chen Catherine , Yang Ellen , Oleske James M
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To evaluate perceptions regarding cell phone use in a teaching hospital setting among health care providers, residents, medical students, and patients.

Methods:

Fifty-three medical students, 41 resident physicians, 32 attending physicians, and 46 nurses working at University Hospital completed a questionnaire about cell phone use practices and their perceptions of cell phone use in the hospital. Forty-three inpatients admitted to medical/surgical units at University Hospital were surveyed at bedside about their perceptions regarding physicians’ cell phone use.

Results:

All health care providers identified cell phones as a risk to patient confidentiality with no specific group significantly more likely to attribute risk than another. Practitioners were identified as either primarily as inpatient or outpatient practitioners. Inpatient practitioners were significantly more likely to rate cell phones as beneficial to patient care than outpatient practitioners. Physicians were statistically more likely to rate mobile phones as beneficial to patient care as compared to nurses. Among the patient population surveyed, one quarter noted that their physician had used a cell phone in their presence. The majority of those patients observing practitioner cell phone use had reported a beneficial or neutral impact on their care. Significance: Perceived risk of cell phones to patient confidentiality was equal across health care providers surveyed. Physician and medical students were significantly more likely to rate cell phones as beneficial to patients’ care than nurse providers. Patients indicated that their physicians used cell phones in their presence at low rates and reported that the use was either neutral or beneficial to the care they received.