bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Multi-Byte Power Analysis Architecture Focusing on Bitwise Linear Leakage
Authors: Jiang Zijing , Ding Qun , Wang An
Published: August 2024

As the most commonly used side-channel analysis method, Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) usually uses the divide-and-conquer strategy to guess the single-byte key in the scenario of block cipher parallel implementation. However, this method cannot effectively use the power consumption information, resulting in a large number of power consumption traces. Therefore, genetic algorithm-based CPA is proposed, which can efficiently extract keys by multi-byte power analysis. However, genetic algorithm-based CPA tends to sacrifice computational cost to achieve a high key guessing success rate. To solve the above problems, this article focuses on bitwise linear leakage and proposes a multi-byte power analysis architecture based on the raindrop ripple algorithm. First, we propose to complete the key initialization by multiple linear regression. Second, we propose a novel swarm intelligence algorithm, the raindrop ripple algorithm, tailored for multi-byte power analysis based on the principles of “family planning” and “eugenics,” which greatly improves the probability of producing individuals with high fitness values. Third, we further enhance the possibility of the correct key being recovered by traversing the candidate key space in specific conditions. To verify the key guessing efficiency of the multi-byte power analysis architecture based on the raindrop ripple algorithm, comparative experiments are conducted on SAKURA-G with three power analysis methods based on genetic algorithms. Experimental results show that our proposal not only has the efficient power information utilization of multi-byte power analysis but also has a convergence speed comparable to or even faster than that of single-byte CPA. Its efficiency of key guessing is improved by 85.64% compared to EfficiencyGa-CPA, and its convergence speed is even faster than that of single-byte CPA at 725 power traces, and 83.87% faster than single-byte CPA at 1000 power traces, which is astonishing as a multi-byte power analysis.
Key questions and gaps in understanding adipose tissue macrophages and early-life metabolic programming
Authors: Hill Kaitlyn B. , Mullen Gregory P. , Nagareddy Prabhakara R. , Zimmerman Kurt A. , Rudolph Michael C.
Published: August 2024

The global obesity epidemic, with its associated comorbidities and increased risk of early mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhancing our understanding of the origins of this complex disease. It is increasingly clear that metabolism is programmed early in life and that metabolic programming can have life-long health consequences. As a critical metabolic organ sensitive to early-life stimuli, proper development of adipose tissue (AT) is crucial for life-long energy homeostasis. Early-life nutrients, especially fatty acids (FAs), significantly influence the programming of AT and shape its function and metabolism. Of growing interest are the dynamic responses during pre- and postnatal development to proinflammatory omega-6 ( n6) and anti-inflammatory omega-3 ( n3) FA exposures in AT. In the US maternal diet, the ratio of “ pro-inflammatory” n6- to “ anti-inflammatory” n3-FAs has grown dramatically due to the greater prevalence of n6-FAs. Notably, AT macrophages (ATMs) form a significant population within adipose stromal cells, playing not only an instrumental role in AT formation and maintenance but also acting as key mediators of cell-to-cell lipid and cytokine signaling. Despite rapid advances in ATM and immunometabolism fields, research has focused on responses to obesogenic diets and during adulthood. Consequently, there is a significant gap in identifying the mechanisms contributing metabolic health, especially regarding lipid exposures during the establishment of ATM physiology. Our review highlights the current understanding of ATM diversity, their critical role in AT, their potential role in early-life metabolic programming, and the broader implications for metabolism and health.
Damage Mechanism of Surrounding Rock under Blasting Excavation of the Tunnel
Authors: Li Yaoxin , Wang Zhibin , Wu Tingyao
Published: August 2024

Based on numerical simulation software LSDYNA and field monitoring data, this paper analyzes the peak particle velocity (PPV) of rock mass at different distances from the blasting face of the roadway. At the same time, the dynamic stress concentration coefficient of surrounding rock under the action of different blasting times and the blasting damage effect of the tunnel are studied. The results show that in the tunnel blasting near the area, the PPV in the vertical direction of the tunnel is maximum in three directions; PPV decreases more slowly in the excavated zone than in the nonexcavated zone. When the explosion source is close to the roadway, the dynamic stress concentration coefficient of the blasting side and the rear side is large, so the vibration standard of surrounding rock should be strictly controlled.
The Interwoven Structured Two‐Dimensional NiCo Layered Double Hydroxide Tortuous Nanosheet as Performance‐Enhanced Electrode Material toward Battery‐Type Supercapacitor
Authors: Sivakumar Periyasamy , Raj C. Justin , Savariraj Antonysamy Dennyson , Manikandan Ramu , Karuppasamy K. , Alfantazi Akram , Jung Hyun
Published: August 2024

Implementing a rational structure and leveraging unique components are crucial to advancing high‐performance supercapacitors (SCs) and essential to unlocking their full potential. Herein, we successfully developed a facile solvothermal synthetic approach for fabricating NiCo‐layered double hydroxide (NCLDH) nanosheets for high‐performance supercapacitor applications. NCLDH nanosheets were synthesized with precise control over their morphology and size by optimizing the H2O‐to‐DMF ratios. Besides, the correlations between the proportion of the solvent and the resulting properties of the NCLDHs were analyzed. The formation of unique vertical orientation nanosheets of interwoven structures was observed in NCLDH‐21, where the ratio of H2O and DMF was 2 : 1. The resulting nanosheets display unique characteristics that distinguish them from other NCLDH materials. The synthesized NCLDH‐21 nanostructures had many benefits, including increasing the number of active sites that could be used for redox reactions, facilitating the efficient collection and transport of electrons and ions, and reducing aggregation, which effectively stabilized the volume variation of active matter during cycling. The NCLDH‐21 nanosheets were optimized to exhibit a remarkable specific capacitance of 2,054 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and exceptional rate capability. The assembled hybrid SC (HSC) achieved an impressive energy density of 67.67 Whr kg−1, demonstrating remarkable cycling stability. Hence, the remarkable electrochemical outcomes of NCLDH‐21 nanosheets demonstrate their immense potential as a cost‐effective electrode material for next‐generation energy‐storage devices.
Traumatic Disruption of Profunda Femoris Artery Branch Following Treatment of an Intertrochanteric Hip Fracture With a Cephalomedullary Nail
Authors: Beckett Nathan C. , Haglin Jack , Van Schuyver Paul , Spangehl Mark J. , Kalani Maziyar A. , Lyons Mark K. , Bathini Abhijith R. , Bingham Joshua S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Surgical management of intertrochanteric hip fractures is a common surgery with low rates of intraoperative complications. Vascular injuries are exceptionally rare when placing an intramedullary nail without open reduction. There are very few reported cases of direct arterial injury and active bleed at the level of the distal interlocking screw following closed reduction and intramedullary nailing of a hip fracture. We report one such case.

Case Presentation: An 88‐year‐old female presented to the emergency department with a left intertrochanteric hip fracture. Closed reduction with a cephalomedullary nail fixation of the left hip fracture occurred as planned without any obvious intraoperative technical issues. The patient remained stable intraoperatively. No open reduction was required. Postoperatively, the patient developed hemorrhagic shock and required massive transfusion protocol. Angiography demonstrated an intramuscular hematoma at the level of the distal intramedullary nail interlocking screw with active extravasation. The patient subsequently required embolization. Nine days following surgery, she began Eliquis for DVT prophylaxis and was ambulating independently with signs of hematoma resolution.

Discussion: Profunda femoris artery injury can stem from various mechanisms during surgery. Atherosclerosis places patients at a higher risk of complication due to rigid vessels. In this case, it is believed that drilling beyond the medial femoral cortex led to the arterial injury.

Conclusion: Care should be taken to prevent drills from plunging beyond the medial femoral cortex during surgery. Cautious observation of patient’s vitals and clinical course can allow for early detection of vascular complication.
Knowledge‐Based Methodology of CPW‐Fed Open Stub Loaded C‐Shaped Microstrip Antenna by Surrogate‐Based Modeling
Authors: Gocen Cem , Akdag Ismail , Mahouti Tarlan , Belen Mehmet A. , Palandöken Merih , Mahouti Peyman
Published: August 2024

Antenna systems with more complicated geometries have been created as a result of evolving technology and rising performance standards in the industry. The geometric complexity of modern antennas makes it difficult for circuit theory tools or parametric studies to produce adequate findings, making it difficult for designers to create the designs they want. Even though full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) modeling tools are widely utilized today, they are computationally expensive for local optimization alone. In order to speed up the stages of the simulation‐based design of high‐performance systems, many strategies have been devised to solve and/or minimize this challenge. Thanks to their adaptability, affordable computing costs, and widespread usage, surrogate‐based models have grown to be a well‐known branch. Herein, an innovative knowledge‐based methodology for building a coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed antenna using surrogate models is presented. In this work, a knowledge‐based methodology using surrogate modeling is applied as an advanced approach that combines domain‐specific knowledge with surrogate models to optimize the performance of a microwave antenna in a computationally efficient manner. For this aim, firstly, a 3D‐EM simulator is deployed to generate a dataset for a deep learning‐based surrogate model. When compared to the conventional optimization approach using direct deployment of EM simulators which is around 47.2 h, the proposed surrogate model approach has an average cost reduction of over 50% which corresponds to a total computational time of 24.3 h. The collected results are compared to performance metrics for prototype antenna designs as well as simulated outcomes from EM simulators and counterpart works from the literature.
Impact of Applied Pressure on Tin‐Based Cubic Halide Perovskite ASnX3 (A = Li, Na and X = Cl, Br, and I) in Reference to Their Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Ratul Hasan M. D. , Apon Imtiaz Ahamed , Ahmed Ovi Istiak , -Zahra Fatema-Tuz
Published: August 2024

Semiconductor behavior has emerged as a promising substance for numerous advancements in natural energy production, storage, and conversion, as well as in medical technology due to exceptional properties and capabilities of the perovskites. Additionally, this property also presents a great opportunity for solar cells to serve as a substitute for conventional silicon‐based photovoltaic systems, as they provide greater efficiency and cost‐effective conversion of sunlight to electricity. Here, we are for the first time investigating lead‐free environment‐friendly cubic perovskites ASnX3 (A = Na and Li; X = Cl, Br, and I) under different hydrostatic pressures ranging from 0 to 5 GPa. Utilizing the GGA + PBE functional method with a space group of 221 (Pm3m), ASnX3 compounds (A = Na and Li; X = Cl, Br, and I) demonstrate direct bandgaps at 0 GPa, ranging from 0.790 to 0.282 eV for Li‐based halides and 0.760–0.296 eV for Na‐based halides, characterizing their semiconductor nature within the perovskite crystal lattice. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that the conduction band and the valence band intersect at a point above the Fermi level which influences the transition of semiconductor to metal or the creation of a half‐metallic state. The optical and structural properties of the compound were also examined, and as the pressure rose from 0 to 5 GPa, the absorption redshift occurred. The analysis of magnetic properties revealed that ASnX3 (A = Na and Li; X = Cl, Br, and I) compounds have diamagnetic behavior in both normal and under pressure conditions. Meanwhile, compounds that satisfy mechanical stability requirements up to certain pressures demonstrate alternations in bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus. The compounds show ductile behavior as their Poisson’s ratio values range between 0.28 and 0.44 for every compound. Increasing pressure increases the values of the compounds, but the compounds remain in the same range of ductile material and show better ductility. Finally, increasing pressure influences the characteristics of the compounds as I‐based compounds change phase transitions from semiconductor behavior to metallic behavior. On the other hand, Cl‐based and Br‐based compounds show semimetallic behavior for increased pressure.
Quer- und längsschnittliche Zusammenhänge zwischen suizidbezogenen Metakognitionen und maladaptiven Gedankenkontrollstrategien
Authors: Vüst Björn , Teismann Tobias , Knorr Anna , Gerdes Christiane , Hamacher Dennis , Forkmann Thomas
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund: Metakognitive Annahmen beeinflussen verschiedene kognitive Prozesse und Inhalte. Auf Basis des metakognitiven Modells suizidalen Erlebens und Verhaltens soll untersucht werden, inwieweit positive und negative suizidbezogene metakognitive Annahmen mit maladaptiven Strategien zur Kontrolle von (Suizid-)Gedanken zusammenhängen. Methoden: In zwei Onlinestichproben: (OS I [N = 214; 81,8% weiblich, 1,9% divers; MAlter = 24,9, SDAlter = 4,0, Range: 18–35 Jahre] und OS II [N = 56; 71,4% weiblich, 3,6% divers; MAlter = 33,2, SDAlter = 12,2, Range 20–61 Jahre]) wurden suizidbezogene positive und negative Metakognitionen und Suizidgedanken erfasst. In OS I wurde zusätzlich suizidspezifische Gedankenunterdrückung und in OS II wurden allgemeine maladaptive Gedankenkontrollstrategien mit suizidbezogenen Metakognitionen korreliert. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse weisen substantielle Zusammenhänge zwischen negativen und positiven suizidbezogenen Meta­kognitionen sowie suizidspezifischen und allgemeinen Gedankenkontrollstrategien auf, wobei allgemeine Gedankenkontrollstrategien auch längsschnittlich über einen Zeitraum von zwei Wochen mit suizidbezogenen Metakognitionen korrelierten. Die Kontrollstrategien „Bestrafung“, „Sorgen“ und „Ablenkung von Suizidgedanken“ korrelierten signifikant mit positiven und negativen suizidbezogenen Meta­kognitionen. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Annahmen des metakognitiven Mo­dells suizidalen Erlebens und Verhaltens. Die gefundenen Zusammenhänge sollten in zukünftigen Studien genauer mit suizidspezifischen Instrumenten und unter Berücksichtigung zeitlicher Veränderungen der erfassten Konstrukte untersucht werden.
Feasibility and Safety of Transesophageal Mediastinal Cryobiopsy in the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Pathologies
Authors: Onyancha Sammy , Nitsch Emilia , Tekeli-Camci Nesrin , Dedeoglu Birol , Kiil Kati , Rohde Gernot
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of mediastinal pathologies. Its greatest limitation has been the low diagnostic yield in lymphoproliferative disorders as well as insufficient samples for molecular testing. Transesophageal examinations using an EBUS scope have helped increase the diagnostic yield by allowing for additional biopsies of paraesophageal and intra-abdominal lesions. Similarly, the novel approach of transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy has further increased the yield by providing larger and better-preserved biopsies. Both complimentary techniques have shown great individual feasibility and safety. However, the feasibility of transesophageal cryobiopsies in the evaluation of mediastinal pathologies remains a subject of debate. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the safety and feasibility of transesophageal EBUS-guided mediastinal cryobiopsies performed at our center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 30 patients who underwent mediastinal cryobiopsy through the esophagus at our institution between October 2023 and March 2024. Data on patient demographics, diagnostic yield, and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: The mean patient age was 43 years, with a gender distribution of 60% male and 40% female. The primary indications included suspicion of lymphoproliferative disorders, suspected sarcoidosis, and malignancies with paraesophageal lesions. The overall diagnostic yield was 93%. No major complications were noted in any of the patients. Conclusion: Transesophageal mediastinal cryobiopsy appears to be a promising complimentary technique for mediastinal evaluation with a relatively high diagnostic yield and favorable safety profile. However, further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate the findings at our institution.
Consumption of critical nutrients and sweeteners related to the risk of chronic diseases in the population of Antioquia, according to the degree of food processing
Authors: Gaviria-Salinas Liliana , Saldarriaga-Franco Juan Fernando , González-Zapata Laura Inés , Cediel Gustavo
Published: August 2024

OBJETIVO: Analizar el consumo de nutrientes críticos y otros edulcorantes, según el grado de procesamiento de los alimentos en la población Antioqueña. MÉTODOS: En este estudio transversal, se evaluó el consumo alimentario de 4,382 participantes del Perfil Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia 2019. Los alimentos processados (AP) y productos ultraprocesados (PUP) informados por recordatorio de 24 horas se clasificaron según sistema Nova. Se usó el Modelo de Perfil de Nutrientes (MPN) de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Se midió la cantidad de AP y PUP consumidos con exceso em nutrientes críticos, relacionados con las enfermedades crónicas (EC). Se evaluó la diferencia em el consumo promedio, la prevalencia del consumo excesivo, y las posibilidades de inadecuación entre los grupos que tenían una dieta con y sin contenido excesivo. RESULTADOS: Cerca del 50% de los AP y PUP consumidos presentaba exceso en al menos un nutriente crítico. La población consumió diariamente uno o más productos con exceso em azúcar libre (73.3%), grasa total (75.2%), grasa saturada (77.0%), sodio (83.9%) y/o edulcorantes (36.8%). Quienes consumían productos con cantidades excesivas tenían una mayor ingesta de grasas totales (> 5.8%); grasas saturadas (> 3.8%); y sodio (> 698.7 mg) en adultos y adolescentes, en niños de 5–10 años (> 659.2 mg), y en menores de 5 años (> 498 mg). Quienes consumieron productos con cantidades excesivas presentaron las mayores posibilidades de inadecuación en la dieta. CONCLUSIÓN: La población antioqueña que consume AP y PUP con cantidades excessivas de azúcares libres, grasas totales, grasas saturadas, sodio y/o edulcorantes, presenta uma dieta desbalanceada. Reducir el consumo de estos productos y volver a una dieta natural y/o mínimamente procesada puede ser una estrategia efectiva para alcanzar las recomendaciones de ingesta de nutrientes priorizados por OPS en la población antioqueña.
Mortality trends and years of potential life lost due to suicide in adolescents
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz Catarina dos Santos de , Flores Ruth Ellery Lima , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Silva Roberta Mendes Abreu , Azevedo Katiene Rodrigues Menezes de , Bezerra Vanessa Moraes
Published: August 2024

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tendência das taxas de mortalidade e os anos potenciais de vida perdidos (APVP) por suicídio entre adolescentes do Nordeste brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com dados secundários de 2011 a 2020 do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, de adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram incluídos os grupos de causas da 10ª Revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças: X60-X84 (lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente), Y10-Y19 (intoxicação de intenção indeterminada) e Y87 (sequela de lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente). Calculou-se os coeficientes de mortalidade e a distribuição de frequências por variáveis sociodemográficas, local de ocorrência e método de suicídio adotado. Os APVP foram estimados por sexo e idade. Foi utilizada a análise de regressão por Joinpoint e determinada a variação percentual anual (APC) com intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Registrou-se 2.410 óbitos, com predomínio de adolescentes entre 15 e 19 anos, sexo masculino, raça/cor parda, baixa escolaridade e, como principal local de ocorrência, o domicílio. A tendência da taxa de óbitos foi crescente no Nordeste (APC: 3,6%; p = 0,001), em meninas de 10 a 14 anos (APC: 8,7%; p = 0,003), em meninos de 15 a 19 anos (APC: 4,6%; p = 0,002) e na Bahia (APC: 8,1%; p = 0,012). Enforcamento/estrangulamento foi o principal método adotado em ambos os sexos. Os APVP por suicídio foram de 11.110 anos em 2011 e de 14.960 em 2020. CONCLUSÕES: Chama a atenção a precocidade do suicídio cometido pelas meninas e o aumento da mortalidade entre os adolescentes mais velhos, sendo necessária a adoção de medidas preventivas específicas para esses grupos, a fim de reduzir esta causa evitável de morte.
Ethics of Wearable-Based Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Detection
Authors: Eversdijk Marijn , Habibović Mirela , Willems Dick L. , Kop Willem J. , Ploem M. Corrette , Dekker Lukas R.C. , Tan Hanno L. , Vullings Rik , Bak Marieke A.R.
Published: August 2024

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major health problem, and immediate treatment is essential for improving the chances of survival. The development of technological solutions to detect out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and alert emergency responders is gaining momentum; multiple research consortia are currently developing wearable technology for this purpose. For the responsible design and implementation of this technology, it is necessary to attend to the ethical implications. This review identifies relevant ethical aspects of wearable-based out-of-hospital cardiac arrest detection according to four key principles of medical ethics. First, aspects related to beneficence concern the effectiveness of the technology. Second, nonmaleficence requires preventing psychological distress associated with wearing the device and raises questions about the desirability of screening. Third, grounded in autonomy are empowerment, the potential reidentification from continuously collected data, issues of data access, bystander privacy, and informed consent. Finally, justice concerns include the risks of algorithmic bias and unequal technology access. Based on this overview and relevant legislation, we formulate design recommendations. We suggest that key elements are device accuracy and reliability, dynamic consent, purpose limitation, and personalization. Further empirical research is needed into the perspectives of stakeholders, including people at risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and their next-of-kin, to achieve a successful and ethically balanced integration of this technology in society.
Integrative Multiomics in the Lung Reveals a Protective Role of Asporin in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hong Jason , Medzikovic Lejla , Sun Wasila , Wong Brenda , Ruffenach Grégoire , Rhodes Christopher J. , Brownstein Adam , Liang Lloyd L. , Aryan Laila , Li Min , Vadgama Arjun , Kurt Zeyneb , Schwantes-An Tae-Hwi , Mickler Elizabeth A. , Gräf Stefan , Eyries Mélanie , Lutz Katie A. , Pauciulo Michael W. , Trembath Richard C. , Perros Frédéric , Montani David , Morrell Nicholas W. , Soubrier Florent , Wilkins Martin R. , Nichols William C. , Aldred Micheala A. , Desai Ankit A. , Trégouët David-Alexandre , Umar Soban , Saggar Rajan , Channick Richard , Tuder Rubin M. , Geraci Mark W. , Stearman Robert S. , Yang Xia , Eghbali Mansoureh
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Integrative multiomics can elucidate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathobiology, but procuring human PAH lung samples is rare.

METHODS:

We leveraged transcriptomic profiling and deep phenotyping of the largest multicenter PAH lung biobank to date (96 disease and 52 control) by integration with clinicopathologic data, genome-wide association studies, Bayesian regulatory networks, single-cell transcriptomics, and pharmacotranscriptomics.

RESULTS:

We identified 2 potentially protective gene network modules associated with vascular cells, and we validated
ASPN
, coding for asporin, as a key hub gene that is upregulated as a compensatory response to counteract PAH. We found that asporin is upregulated in lungs and plasma of multiple independent PAH cohorts and correlates with reduced PAH severity. We show that asporin inhibits proliferation and transforming growth factor–β/phosphorylated SMAD2/3 signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from PAH lungs. We demonstrate in Sugen-hypoxia rats that
ASPN
knockdown exacerbated PAH and recombinant asporin attenuated PAH.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our integrative systems biology approach to dissect the PAH lung transcriptome uncovered asporin as a novel protective target with therapeutic potential in PAH.
Research on the Path of Low Carbon Transformation of Traditional Retail Enterprises Empowered by Digital Technology
Authors: Wei Li , Xiaoxing Qiu , Xinyu Hu
Published: August 2024

The retail industry is an integral part of the service sector. In the context of the booming development of the service industry and digital technology, this paper explores the low-carbon transformation path for traditional retail enterprises empowered by digital technology. Initially, a literature review reveals that as the overall scale of the service industry continues to expand, its negative impact on the environment is also intensifying. Reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions has become a rigid constraint faced by the service industry; Meanwhile, digital technology is becoming an important means to empower traditional service enterprises in their low-carbon transformation. Subsequently, through case study analysis, it is pointed out that digital technology can empower the low-carbon transformation of traditional retail enterprises from three aspects: reducing energy consumption, decreasing emissions, and saving resources. Finally, in response to the existing obstacles in implementing low-carbon transitions such as insufficient motivation for transition, constraints on investment costs in low-carbon technologies, and difficulties in managing energy and carbon emissions, practical paths for digital technology to empower the low-carbon transformation of traditional retail enterprises are proposed. These include enhancing the motivation for enterprise low-carbon transition, overcoming constraints on capital and talent, and improving technical support capabilities for the transformation.
How Attribution Theory Helps to Explain Psychiatric Nosology
Authors: Garrett Mario
Published: August 2024

By exposing the assumptions made about dysfunctional behaviors, treatment options can be better understood. Belief in the cause of a disorder determines what is done to alleviate it. By applying attribution theory to psychiatric nosology—categorization of psychiatry dysfunctions—attributional bias of clinicians can be shown. Primarily clinicians are biased to diagnose a patient’s dysfunction as internal, stable and uncontrollable. In reality most dysfunctions are periodic/cyclical and therefore unstable and through behavioral therapy, most are controllable. By changing the attributions, a different meaning of mental illness emerges. Historical evidence illustrates how the attribution of aberrant behaviors has changed which consequently resulted in different theories and treatments. From ‘spirits that invade the body’ of the Middle Ages to the ‘imbalance in the nervous energy’ of the Enlightenment, beliefs dictated how people were treated. From the punitive treatments of the Middle Ages to the ‘Moral Treatment’ of the Enlightenment. With the attribution of biological determinism, a new age of psychopharmacology was ushered in. All these treatment fads rely on different attributions rather than on scientific evidence. With Mad Studies promoting the perspective of the patients who use the mental health care system, the attribution of disease changes again, and a greater emphasis is placed on the external, unstable, and controllable aspects of madness. According to the theory ‘Power Threat Meaning Framework,’ madness is a mental strategy that has become mismatched with its current context. The context determines the expression of dysfunction. Future treatment requires a population-based approach that offers social prescribing, short-term respite programs, and broad community-based cognitive-behavioral therapies. The objective is to focus on alleviating the anxiety and distress experienced by the individual and to aim for personal and functional recovery rather than to aim for a purely clinical recovery.
Community Structures of On-Farm Tree Species in Budaka Sub-County, Budaka District, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Shafiu Adili , Tambari Umar , Gobir Yusuf , Dharmendra Singh , Naka Keta , Wurno Mustapha , Waziri Sadiya
Published: August 2024

Tree species population composition and diversity refers to the variety of tree species and their relative abundance in an ecosystem. In most tropical agro-ecosystems where land cover changes are faster than natural restoration, tree species composition, distribution, richness and diversity and the services provided by them are particularly susceptible to change globally from continuous stress factors such as bushfires, logging and cultivation. Data for the study was obtained from trees inventory using a systematic random sampling technique. A quadrant measuring 25m x 25m was laid. A total of sixty quadrants were used in the study. Each quadrant was demarcated using a measuring tape and its boundaries marked using pegs. All tree species encountered in each quadrant were identified and recorded. The unidentified specimens were collected, pressed and taken to Makerere University herbarium for proper identification. The results from the study revealed a total of 28 tree species belonging to 16 families were documented as being used by people in the four surveyed villages of Budaka Sub County, where Family Moraceae had the highest number of tree species with no significance difference in the density, diversity, richness, evenness, poles, saplings and seedlings of tree species across the four villages (Kruskal-Wallis P< 0.05). This indicates that these trees are under threat in the study area. This situation is quite alarming and calls for more resourceful and sustainable management and conservation techniques. Among others, it is suggested that laws should be enacted to protect the resource from further timber and fuel wood exploitation in the area in order to allow it to regenerate fully.
Harmony in Dispute: The Role of Anywaa's Traditional Institutions in Conflict Resolution
Authors: Hameretibeb Beyene
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the traditional institutions and conflict resolution mechanisms among the Anywaa community, shedding light on their intricate structures and practices. The Anywaa people, located in Ethiopia and South Sudan, have developed indigenous governance systems centered on institutions such as Nyieya (nobleship), Kwaaro (headmanship), and the spiritual leadership of Nyibur, along with family councils. These institutions play vital roles in maintaining social order and resolving conflicts within the community. The study elucidates the processes of conflict resolution, involving mediation by various officials and councils within the traditional governance system. Whether dealing with inter-village disputes, intra-village conflicts, or homicide cases, the Anywaa employ a combination of customary practices and indigenous knowledge to address conflicts effectively. The involvement of neutral parties underscores the community's commitment to fair and just resolution processes. Furthermore, the research highlights the significance of compensation and purification rituals in restoring harmony and reconciliation within the community. Through restitution and traditional ceremonies, the Anywaa aim to mend relationships and reintegrate offenders back into society, emphasizing the importance of forgiveness and community cohesion. Overall, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of indigenous governance systems and their relevance in contemporary society. By documenting the intricate workings of traditional institutions and conflict resolution practices among the Anywaa people, the research underscores the importance of preserving and respecting indigenous knowledge for sustainable peace and social cohesion in diverse cultural contexts.
Rapid Learning for Lasting Change: Accelerated Basic Education in Post-Conflict, Somalia
Authors: Farah Abdikadir
Published: August 2024

This paper extensively examines the comparative learning outcomes and impact of Alternative Basic Education (ABE) in conflict-affected regions, focusing the Bar ama Baro (BAB) initiative in Somalia. With assistance from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), this initiative successfully enrolled over 100,000 children who were not attending school, while emphasizing the necessity of equal educational opportunities regardless of gender. The primary aim of the study is to contrast the theoretical understanding of Alternative Basic Education with the practical realities observed during the implementation of the USAID-Bar ama Baro program in Somalia. The paper analyzes the collaborative efforts of the Bar ama Baro initiative alongside USAID and Somali education authorities, stressing the importance of providing quality education opportunity that is appropriate, inclusive, adequate, and accessible to all genders. It draws on interview data from 200 participants involved with Bar ama Baro to show how this significant initiative was experienced and what was learned. The study encompasses an in-depth research and literature review demonstrating the significance of Alternative Basic Education during emergencies, facilitating a smooth transition to formal education. The paper also analyzes the significance and effective strategies for addressing the educational needs of developing countries. Furthermore, it assesses the level of basic education in Somalia in comparison to other countries within the Horn of Africa and the African continent. The paper offers educational stakeholders, researchers, and policymakers with a framework to initiate and deliver educational services during emergencies. The paper also recommends collaboration among governments, educational support organizations, researchers, and other education stakeholders to successfully implement and assess main advantages of Alternative Basic Education.
Energy Transition Agenda in Tanzania Within the Auspice of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Power Sector
Authors: Biririza Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

The energy transition is on the high agenda in the global space to allow the international communities to meet the global objectives of lowering anthropogenic emissions that cause global warming. The international community is guided by the scientific evidence of increasing climate change impacts and is working under the auspice of the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit GHG emissions. As one of the significant contributors to GHG emissions, energy will play a critical role by shifting from dependence on fossil-based sources to renewables and using technologies to decarbonize the sources. Energy transition in the power sector is primarily associated with shifting towards directing investments in renewable energy. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is still a niche market in the power sector with substantial suppressed demand, and where only about half of its population still does not have access to electricity. The region also strives to power its economic activities to support economic growth. The region is endowed with renewables and fossil fuels to support its economic transformation. Investment in renewable energy entails high capital costs, which makes it hard for the countries in the region with financial constraints to afford it. Renewables also have some limitations in supplying baseloads and are inherent to issues of dispatchability. Countries in SSA have been approaching the energy transition agenda with care to address local needs while supporting international climate change concerns. The energy transition agenda in countries like Tanzania considers multidimensional factors when investing in the power sector, primarily fostering universal access to electricity for its population, attaining security of supply, and accelerating industrial development. This paper reviews what the transition entails in the context of sources and technologies that will support the sustainable transition; it discusses renewable energy and energy efficiency. It also touches upon the role of fossil fuels in the energy transition agenda. The paper also reviews the policies and politics around the energy transition landscape, looking at the global context and its effects in the developing world, notably the sub-Saharan Africa region. The review concludes by analyzing different potential factors that contribute to decision-making on energy transition policies using the system thinking theory, looking at how various factors are interlinked.
The Current Status and Development Trend of Water Control Technology for Horizontal Wells
Authors: Weigang Du
Published: August 2024

In the advancement of bottom water reservoir development, water breakthrough poses a significant challenge to the productivity of oil and gas wells, underscoring the paramount importance of effective water control strategies. Given the intricate nature of the factors leading to reservoir water breakthrough, a one-size-fits-all approach to water management is non-existent. Rather, tailored water control techniques are necessary to address the diverse causes of this phenomenon. This paper delves into the evolution and application of water control technologies, particularly focusing on the prevalent horizontal well water control methodologies. Horizontal well variable density water control, segmented water control, double horizontal well oil recovery water control, along with advanced solutions such as ICD (Inflow Control Device), ICV (Inflow Control Valve), AICD (Autonomous Inflow Control Device), and AICV (Autonomous Inflow Control Valve) water control systems are comprehensively introduced. Furthermore, center-controlled, mechanical plugging, and chemical plugging water control technologies are also examined in depth, accompanied by a thorough analysis of their respective strengths, limitations, and adaptability to various scenarios. By keeping abreast of both domestic and international trends in horizontal well water control, the future trajectory of this field is forecasted. Emerging as key technologies are novel composite water control systems, dual-purpose water control and sand prevention techniques, and intelligent water control solutions. These advancements promise to revolutionize the management of water breakthrough in bottom water reservoirs, enhancing oil and gas recovery efficiency and sustainability.
Modelling Bank Lending in Cameroon Using Two Steps Cointegration Technique
Authors: Ngimanang Achamoh
Published: August 2024

This paper has as objective to model the key determinants of bank lending in Cameroon using time series data collected mainly from the World Bank database for the period spanning from 1979 to 2019. After exploring related theoretical and empirical literature, Engle and Granger two steps cointegration testing procedure was employed together with the necessary pretesting (unit root tests) and post estimation testing. Results of stationarity tests indicate that variable were a mixture of stationary and first difference. The lagged residual term possess unit root at level indicating that the variables are actually cointegarted and that ECM is relevant. The estimated cointegration regression model and the corresponding ECM were globally significant at one percent and the models were equally adequate with explanatory power of over 73 and 52 percent respectively. The results of the two models revealed that the effect of economic growth on bank lending was positive and highly significant, the effect of interest rate is negative and equally significant, then the effect of Gross Investment rate was also positive but not very significant in the short run. Based on the major findings, bank lending can be encouraged by stimulating the level of economic activities, by reducing interest rate on loans and by encouraging more investment projects.
Stakeholder Perspectives on Tourism Infrastructure Development in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Wani Gowhar
Published: August 2024

This study provides a rigorous evaluation of tourism infrastructure in the Kashmir Valley, concentrating on the perceptions of key stakeholders within the tourism sector. The research encompasses a detailed assessment across five major tourism destinations, evaluating a spectrum of factors including the diversity of tourism products, the region's dependency on tourism, and patterns of visitor influx. By applying an extensive analytical framework, this study identifies and elucidates critical weaknesses in the infrastructure’s performance, examining the challenges through a scientifically robust approach. Data were meticulously collected and analysed to ascertain the current state of tourism infrastructure, revealing significant deficiencies and operational inefficiencies that impede effective performance. The study's findings underscore the pressing need for strategic interventions tailored to address specific infrastructural shortcomings, geographical peculiarities, and the distinctive requirements of various tourism sites in the Kashmir Valley. This approach not only highlights the inadequacy of current infrastructure but also emphasizes the necessity of aligning infrastructure development with the region's diverse tourism landscape. The study's conclusions advocate for targeted policy recommendations aimed at enhancing infrastructure capabilities and operational efficiency. By ensuring that infrastructure development is both sufficient in quantity and appropriately aligned with regional tourism demands, the research aims to foster sustainable growth and resilience in the tourism sector of Kashmir Valley. This comprehensive analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between tourism infrastructure and industry performance, offering valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders engaged in tourism development.
Performance of Provitamin a Maize Hybrids for Yield and Desirable Agronomic Traits
Authors: Yadesa Lemi , Garoma Belay , Asefa Gemechu
Published: August 2024

To find improved F1 hybrids for breeding procedures, the heterosis of maize hybrids must be determined. Therefore, to identify prospective hybrids for use in future provitamin A maize breeding systems, this study was carried out to evaluate the amount of standard heterosis for grain yield and related attributes. Fifteen provitamin A maize inbred lines were crossed through the diallel-II design. The resulting Eight four F1 hybrids along with four standard checks (BHQPY545, BH549, BH546, and BH547) were evaluated using RCBD (20 entries) and Alpha-Lattice Design (68 entries) with two replications during 2022/2023 main cropping season at Bako National Maize Research Center. Analysis of variance revealed significant variations for most of the traits indicating the existence of genetic variability. The Standard heterosis assessment noticed significant positive and negative heterosis for the majority of the traits investigated. Cross combinations over BHQPY 545, such as L10 × L3, L10 × L6, and L13×L12, demonstrated the largest proportion of traditional heterosis for grain yield (more than 25% yield advantage). Because BH546 and BH547 are normal maize with grain production potential, the majority of crossings yielded negative and significant results over commercial checks. The highest found heterosis for grain yield and associated factors indicated that maize genotypes' heterotic potential may be beneficial to boost yield. The findings of this study could be valuable for researchers looking to develop high-yielding provitamin A maize hybrids. As a result, possible hybrids might be recommended for commercial usage once the results have been verified by repeating the research over time and across places, as well as incorporating quality attributes analysis data.
Effects of Farmyard Manure and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Low Land Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Vertisols of Fogera District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Bitew Banchamlak , Molla Eyayu , Tadesse Tilahun
Published: August 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop in Fogera district; however, the current yield is decreased due to low soil fertility status as a result of continuous cultivation, inadequate use of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center (FNRRTC) during the 2021 cropping season to determine the effects of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of lowland rice on vertisols of Fogera district. The treatments were laid out as factorial combination of three levels of FYM (0, 5, and 7.5 t ha-1) and four levels of Nitrogen (0, 46, 92, and 184 kg ha-1). The experiment was arranged at (RCBD) with three replications. The phenological, yield and yield components of rice data were collected during the growth period. All collected phenological, yield and yield components of rice data were analyzed by using SAS software (version 9.4). Analysis of the results revealed that application of FYM at 7.5 t ha-1 combined with 92 kg N ha-1 increased grain yield by 218.25% compared to the negative controls. The highest rice grain yield (7533.1 kg ha-1), biomass yield (14553.1kg ha-1), number of grains per panicle (153.27) and harvest index (51.89%) were obtained from the application of 7.5 t ha-1 FYM with 92 kg ha-1 N. Therefore, combined applications of 7.5 t ha-1 FYM with 92 kg ha-1 N is the recommended treatment that economically feasible for rice production and soil fertility improvements on the Vertisols of the study area, which provided the net benefit of (166,838.02ETB ha-1) with an acceptable MRR of 3122.99%.