bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal coordinated control of hybrid AC/VSC-HVDC system integrated with DFIG via cooperative beetle antennae search algorithm
Authors: Hao Junfang , Huang Jinhai , Zhang Ailing , Ai Hongjie , Zhang Qun , Yang Bo
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, with the significant integration of various renewable energy, hybrid alternating current/ voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (AC/VSC-HVDC) system integrated with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) has achieved rapidly development in smart grid. A proper control system design for hybrid AC/VSC-HVDC system plays a very crucial role for a reliable and effective power transmission. Hence, this paper designs a novel cooperative beetle antenna search (CBAS) algorithm for optimal coordinated control of hybrid AC/VSC-HVDC system integrated with DFIG. Compared with original beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm, CBAS algorithm can significantly improve searching efficiency via an efficient cooperation with a group of multiple beetles instead of a single beetle. Particularly, CBAS algorithm can effectively escape from local optimums thanks to its dynamic balance mechanism, which can maintain appropriate trade-off between global exploration and local exploitation. Moreover, three case studies are undertaken to validate the effectiveness and superiorities and effectiveness of CBAS algorithm compared against that of other traditional meta-heuristic algorithms. Especially, the average results of fitness function acquired by CBAS algorithm is merely 46.05%, 41.18%, and 47.82% of that of PSO, GA, and BAS algorithm, respectively.
New proposed cut-off of waist circumference for central obesity as risk factor for diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the Indonesian Basic National Health Survey
Authors: Harbuwono Dante Saksono , Tahapary Dicky Levenus , Tarigan Tri Juli Edi , Yunir Em
Published: November 2020

Background

Waist circumference (WC) measurement is practical to define central obesity. However, WC cut-off point might be differ based on different race or ethnicity. This study aims to analyze the optimal WC cut-off point to identify T2DM risk among Indonesian population.

Method

We analyzed the secondary data of national based cross-sectional study of the Indonesian Basic National Health Research 2013, comprising 24,660 adults aged ≥ 18 years who were assessed for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The new proposed cut-off point for WC was calculated using ROC curve analysis and Youden index. The odds ratio of having T2DM was calculated using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Increased WC was associated with worsening dysglycemia status among men and women (p<0.001). The optimal cut-off point of WC for detecting T2DM from ROC analysis was 76 for men and 80 for women. Based on this WC cut-off point, the odds ratio for having T2DM was 1.64 [95% CI 1.45–1.86, p<0.01] for men and 1.90 [95% CI 1.71–2.11 p<0.01] for women.

Conclusion

The newly proposed WC cut-off point of 76 for men and 80 women can be used to screen the risk of T2DM among Indonesian population.
“[It] is now my responsibility to fulfill that wish:” Clinical and rapid autopsy staff members’ experiences and perceptions of HIV reservoir research at the end of life
Authors: Perry Kelly E. , Taylor Jeff , Patel Hursch , Javadi Sogol Stephanie , Mathur Kushagra , Kaytes Andy , Concha-Garcia Susanna , Little Susan , Smith Davey , Gianella Sara , Dubé Karine
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Little is known about the effects of HIV reservoir research at the end of life on staff members involved. Staff members’ perceptions and experiences were assessed related to their involvement in the Last Gift, a rapid autopsy study at the University of California San Diego enrolling people living with HIV who are terminally ill and have a desire to contribute to HIV cure-related research.

Methods

Two focus group discussions consisting of clinical (n = 7) and rapid research autopsy (n = 8) staff members were conducted to understand the perspectives of staff members and the impact the Last Gift rapid autopsy study had on them. The total sample consisted of 66.7% females and 33.3% males and was ethnically diverse (66.7% Caucasian, 6.7% African American, 20.0% Asian descent, 6.7% Hispanic descent and American Indian) with a range of experience in the HIV field from 1 year to 30 years.

Results

Qualitative focus group data revealed five major themes underlying study staff members’ multilayered mental and practical involvement: 1) positive perceptions of the Last Gift study, with sub-themes including Last Gift study participants’ altruism, fulfillment, and control at the end of life, 2) perceptions of staff members’ close involvement in the Last Gift study, with sub-themes related to staff members’ cognitive processing, self-actualization and fulfillment, stress management and resilience, coping mechanisms, and gratitude toward Last Gift participants and toward the study itself, 3) considerations for successful and sustainable study implementation, such as ethical awareness and sustained community and patient engagement, 4) collaborative learning and organizational processes and the value of interdependence between staff members, and 5) considerations for potential study scale-up at other clinical research sites.

Discussion

Understanding staff members’ nuanced emotional and procedural experiences is crucial to the Last Gift study’s sustainability and will inform similar cure research studies conducted with people living with HIV at the end of life. The study’s potential reproducibility depends on a robust research infrastructure with established, interdependent clinical and rapid autopsy teams, continuous community engagement, and an ethical and well-informed engagement process with people living with HIV.
O Mundo Clássico e a universalidade dos seus valores: Homenagem a Nair de Nazaré Castro Soares - Volume I
Authors: Miranda Margarida
Published: November 2020

Esta obra pretende homenagear a Prof. Doutora Nair de Nazaré Castro Soares, Professora Catedrática Jubilada da Universidade de Coimbra, num acto de reconhecimento pela sua carreira académica, que se desdobrou num profícuo e longo magistério, e numa investigação de excelência. Da sua longa e proveitosa actividade ao serviço da educação e da ciência beneficiaram muitas gerações de alunos e de investigadores, em Portugal e no estrangeiro. São esses discípulos, colegas e amigos que agora contribuem para a composição deste livro, com trabalhos que versam as várias áreas do saber em que ela se distinguiu e que conferem estrutura à organização desta obra: a literatura e a cultura greco-latinas, a tradição clássica medieval, os estudos do Humanismo e Renascimento, e a herança clássica no mundo moderno e contemporâneo.
Learning To Become An English Language Teacher: Navigating The Self Through Peer Practicum
Authors:   Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey, Comoglu Irem , Dikilitas Kenan ,   University of Stavanger, Norway
Published: November 2020

Pre-service English language teachers' school practicum is key to their learning to become a teacher. However, a number of challenges are observed in its implementation. This paper addresses this issue by investigating how engaging in practicum as peers can function as mentoring support and how this process can influence their selves. A cohort of 16 senior pre-service English teachers was invited to participate in the study from a state university in the west of Turkey. We collected qualitative data through dialogic verbal records and post-practicum interviews. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results show that pre-service teachers provided for each other different forms of sustained psychosocial support in discovering knowledge about teaching and developing a sense of self as a teacher through dialogic interaction with peers. The paper discusses the implications of peer practicum for reconstructing practicum models already in practice in the research context and beyond.
ANTHROPOMORPHIC METAPHORICAL MODEL “PERSON” AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS IN DENTAL AND CRANIO — MAXILLOFACIAL TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Taneva Svetlana Yordanova
Published: November 2020

Objectives: to make a brief overview of the theories of metaphor and modern terminologytheories (Communicative theory of terminology, Socio-cognitive theory of terminology, Framebased theory of terminology); to identify metaphorization as a highly productive lexico-semanticway of forming terminology in dental and cranio-maxillofacial scientific discourse; to demonstrateEnglish/Bulgarian terminology development based on anthropomorphic metaphorical model“Person” and its sub-models: “Conditions”, “Body parts”, “Physical abilities”, “Society”, “Qualities”.Materials and research methods. Sixty (60) monosyllabic and compound metaphorical terms inEnglish and Bulgarian academic languages have been selected and discussed applying the methodsof definition analysis, conceptual integration, cognitive analysis, component analysis, metaphoricalmodelling. Discussion and results of the study. Theories of metaphor and terminology are consideredin the context of their contribution to the development of specialized medical language. By means ofmetaphorization (analogy, similarity, likeness, comparison) new terminological structures are formedin dental and cranio-maxillofacial terminology systems. The emphasis is on anthropomorphicmetaphorical model “Person” denoting various anatomical structures, diseases, syndromes,symptoms, surgical techniques. Conclusions. The following conclusions have been made: 1. Humansphere in its numerous manifestations — physical, moral and intellectual qualities, social activity,illness, death — is an “eternal theme” in the context of language historical development. 2. Due to itshigh terminological productivity the anthropomorphic metaphorical model “Person” expands andenriches the terminological resource of dental medicine and cranio-maxillofacial surgery; increasesmedical terminological competence and facilitates communication at a specialized level. 3. Term formation is a living contemporary trend subject to management by specialists and terminologywith regard to any further standardization of the international dental and cranio-maxillofacialterminology.
Analysis of the level of physical development and physical fitness of girls at the stage of initial training in the sport of hand-to-hand combat
Authors: Vorozheikin Anton Vladimirovich , Тарасов Андрей Вячеславович , Volkov Alexey Pavlovich
Published: November 2020

Taking into account the increased competition in the female discipline "hand-to-handcombat" today, a scientific theoretical substantiation of the long-term training of athletes inthis complexly coordinated sport is put forward in a number of urgent and timely tasks. Dueto the variety of techniques from different types of martial arts, a certain rigidity ofcompetitive fights, the training process in hand-to-hand combat has a number of features, andpreparation for specific competitive activity requires athletes to have a high level ofpsychological stability, physical fitness and technical-tactical skill.The analysis is part of a comprehensive study on the scientific and theoreticalsubstantiation of the long-term sports training of women specializing in the sport of "handto-hand fighting". Within the framework of the study, the characteristics of the organism of young athletes, the morphological and functional state, the possibilities of the cardiovascular,respiratory systems, the musculoskeletal system, physical performance were studied, as wellas the strengths and weaknesses of their physical fitness were revealed.According to the results of the study, it was stated that in the practice of women'ssports training in hand-to-hand fighting, a contradiction was formed between the public orderfor high physical conditions of athletes necessary for complex competitive activity and theinsufficient level of physical development and preparedness of girls for the upcoming specifictraining activity in the groups of initial sports training. The low efficiency of the approachesproposed by the current programs to the formation of appropriate physical fitness for furthertraining activities at the stage of sports specialization was revealed.The results obtained will form the basis for the scientific and theoretical substantiationof the content-technological approaches to the physical and special physical training of girlsat the stage of initial training in hand-to-hand combat.
From peer review to collaborative peer enquiry: Action research for school improvement and leadership development
Authors: Godfrey David
Published: November 2020

School peer reviews are increasingly part of the evaluation and school improvement landscape for school leaders and teachers in a number of countries. This article describes the growth of peer review, particularly in England, and its emergence elsewhere (for example, Australia, across Europe and in Chile). While these approaches provide a useful form of professional and moral accountability, this article identifies ways in which they could go further to empower practitioners through the use of an enquiry approach, combining formal academic knowledge with practitioner knowledge and school-based data. The term collaborative peer enquiry (CPE) is suggested as a way to explore this potential. The article sets out a typology of action research as a form of professional learning (type 1), practical philosophy (type 2) or as a form of critical social science (type 3). Four examples are given of different peer review models, two of them CPE approaches, and these are analysed using the above typology. A distinction is made between some peer review models that mimic external inspections and err towards self-policing, and others that encourage open enquiry and learning. In particular, the CPE models show the potential as forms of type 2 and type 3 action research. The role of peer review and CPE in the accountability system, in leadership development, and challenges for these models are explored in the discussion.
Certainty abandoned and some implications for curriculum research
Authors: McNiff Jean
Published: November 2020

This article presents ideas about curriculum as a process in which people come together on an equal footing to explore ideas about how they might live and draw up plans about how they might do so. This is a negotiated process that recognizes the need of all to speak and be listened to, recognizing the historically constituted nature of social situations in different traditions, each with its own sets of culturally specific norms. Curriculum may then be seen as a process of everyday enquiry that may be conducted anywhere and by anyone, grounded in and informed by everyday practices.
Análise macroestrutural de dicionários aprovados pelo Ministério da Educação destinados ao ensino médio
Authors: Augusto Carra Sara
Published: November 2020

Este artigo propõe-se a apresentar uma análise macroestrutural dos quatro dicionários aprovados pelo MEC (Ministério da Educação) em 2012 para o Ensino Médio, a fim de refletir se tais obras são relevantes e úteis para os estudantes deste nível de ensino. A análise consistiu em verificar como os lexemas são ordenados em cada dicionário e, a partir de três intervalos lemáticos, observar como cada um dos dicionários examinados: (1) lematiza afixos; (2) lematiza nomes próprios e/ou siglas; (3) apresenta marcas de variação (diastrática, diatópica e diafásica); (4) lematiza termos; (5) diferencia polissemia de homonímia; e (6) lematiza tokens. Constatou-se que, apesar dos quatro dicionários apresentarem uma estrutura lisa e não encontrarmos nomes próprios e/ou siglas nos intervalos lemáticos analisados, todos os dicionários diferenciam polissemia de homonímia – o que dificulta bastante seu uso, sobretudo, por um estudante de Ensino Médio, pois tal diferença, geralmente, se dá por critérios etimológicos, conhecimento que não se espera que o estudante tenha.
Field Tests and Three-Dimensional Semi-Analytical Boundary Element Method Analysis of a Row of Holes as Active Barrier in Saturated Soil
Authors: Sun Lianyong , Shi Gang , Li Mingyu , Jin Junwei
Published: November 2020

The adverse effects of ground vibrations can be eliminated or prevented by installation of various types of wave barriers, such as a row of holes. The analysis is accomplished with the aid of a series of field experiments and numerical simulation. Three-dimensional semi-analytical boundary element models are established to use a row of holes as active wave barrier to isolate the ground vibrations generated by the machine foundation laid on the surface of saturated soil foundation, and the effects of the model parameters on isolation effectiveness are investigated and discussed in detail. A simple single program multiple data parallel algorithm is developed with the aid of Matlab software to increase calculating efficiency. The results show that a row of holes can isolate the ground vibrations successfully. Increasing the radius and the depth and decreasing the net spacing between two successive holes can all result in an increase in the screening effectiveness. According to the results, it is suggested in the design that the hole radius should take the value of 0.1∼0.15λR (λR is the Rayleigh wave length), and the hole depth and the net spacing should take the value no more than 1.0λR and 0.1λR, respectively. Moreover, the distance between the machine foundation and barrier can affect the screening effectiveness, and the larger the distance is, the poorer the screening effectiveness is. The number of holes in a row has less effect on the screening effectiveness. However, the bigger the number of holes in a row is, the larger the screening zone behind the barriers is.
Effect of Stretching on the Air Permeability of Recycled Polyester/Virgin Cotton and Its Blended Socks
Authors: Vasanth Kumar D. , Raja D. , Kumar K. V.
Published: November 2020

Socks are considered to be one of the important accessories for humans in everyday life. Socks undergo irregular stretching in multiple directions during usage. The amount of stretching that occurs in socks is proportionate to the level of foot movement and the foot shape. The comfortability of socks lagely depends on the air permeability and thermal comfort properties. In general, the air permeability of the socks was measured in unstretched conditions. However, in real-time situations, the socks get stretched in multiple directions while being used. Stretch is one of the key factors that largely influences the air permeability of the socks. Few researchers have addressed this area; hence, the air permeability of the socks under various percentages of stretch is primarily focused on in this study. A novel automated fabric stretching attachment device was used to study the effect of stretching on the air permeability of recycled polyester/virgin cotton and its blended socks. The results were statistically investigated by two-way analysis of variance by using SAS 8.0. A statistical analysis proved that the effect of the stretching and blend ratio was statistically significant on the air permeability properties of socks.
HIFα Regulates Developmental Myelination Independent of Autocrine Wnt Signaling
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Wang Yan , Xu Jie , Kim Bokyung , Deng Wenbin , Guo Fuzheng
Published: November 2020

The developing CNS is exposed to physiological hypoxia, under which hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) is stabilized and plays a crucial role in regulating neural development. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of HIFα in developmental myelination remain incompletely understood. A previous concept proposes that HIFα regulates CNS developmental myelination by activating the autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here, by analyzing a battery of genetic mice of both sexes, we presentedin vivoevidence supporting an alternative understanding of oligodendroglial HIFα-regulated developmental myelination. At the cellular level, we found that HIFα was required for developmental myelination by transiently controlling upstream OPC differentiation but not downstream oligodendrocyte maturation and that HIFα dysregulation in OPCs but not oligodendrocytes disturbed normal developmental myelination. We demonstrated that HIFα played a minor, if any, role in regulating canonical Wnt signaling in the oligodendroglial lineage or in the CNS. At the molecular level, blocking autocrine Wnt signaling did not affect HIFα-regulated OPC differentiation and myelination. We further identified HIFα–Sox9 regulatory axis as an underlying molecular mechanism in HIFα-regulated OPC differentiation. Our findings support a concept shift in our mechanistic understanding of HIFα-regulated CNS myelination from the previous Wnt-dependent view to a Wnt-independent one and unveil a previously unappreciated HIFα–Sox9 pathway in regulating OPC differentiation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPromoting disturbed developmental myelination is a promising option in treating diffuse white matter injury, previously called periventricular leukomalacia, a major form of brain injury affecting premature infants. In the developing CNS, hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) is a key regulator that adapts neural cells to physiological and pathologic hypoxic cues. The role and mechanism of HIFα in oligodendroglial myelination, which is severely disturbed in preterm infants affected with diffuse white matter injury, is incompletely understood. Our findings presented here represent a concept shift in our mechanistic understanding of HIFα-regulated developmental myelination and suggest the potential of intervening with an oligodendroglial HIFα-mediated signaling pathway to mitigate disturbed myelination in premature white matter injury.
Task Engagement Improves Neural Discriminability in the Auditory Midbrain of the Marmoset Monkey
Authors: Shaheen Luke A. , Slee Sean J. , David Stephen V.
Published: November 2020

While task-dependent changes have been demonstrated in auditory cortex for a number of behavioral paradigms and mammalian species, less is known about how behavioral state can influence neural coding in the midbrain areas that provide auditory information to cortex. We measured single-unit activity in the inferior colliculus (IC) of common marmosets of both sexes while they performed a tone-in-noise detection task and during passive presentation of identical task stimuli. In contrast to our previous study in the ferret IC, task engagement had little effect on sound-evoked activity in central (lemniscal) IC of the marmoset. However, activity was significantly modulated in noncentral fields, where responses were selectively enhanced for the target tone relative to the distractor noise. This led to an increase in neural discriminability between target and distractors. The results confirm that task engagement can modulate sound coding in the auditory midbrain, and support a hypothesis that subcortical pathways can mediate highly trained auditory behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile the cerebral cortex is widely viewed as playing an essential role in the learning and performance of complex auditory behaviors, relatively little attention has been paid to the role of brainstem and midbrain areas that process sound information before it reaches cortex. This study demonstrates that the auditory midbrain is also modulated during behavior. These modulations amplify task-relevant sensory information, a process that is traditionally attributed to cortex.
The Study of Self-Understanding in the Younger Teenager Raising Activities Using the Internet
Authors:   municipal educational institution of additional education of the city of Ulyanovsk ", Tashimova Nadezhda Vladimirovna ,   Center for children's technical creativity No. 1»
Published: November 2020

Problem and goal. The article is devoted to the development of a model for assessing the self-understanding of a younger teenager from the standpoint of a psychological and pedagogical approach. The purpose of the article is theoretical and empirical substantiation of the model for studying self-understanding of younger teenagers in educational activities using the Internet. Methodology. The work is based on the analysis of scientific literature on the problem, the modeling method. The study used empirical methods: observation, questionnaire survey, experimental work, qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the data obtained. Results of research. The research was conducted on the basis of modeling: self-understanding as a psychological and pedagogical category, which includes the phases of genetic, structural and systemic self-understanding; educational activities using the Internet as the integration of pedagogical activities and the activities of a teenager in a joint activity. Formulated assumptions: the nature and structure of consciousness, the analysis of self-understanding as part of that operational definition of self-understanding, based on which the proposed assessment model phases: understanding the genetic, structural-understanding. The results of experimental work on the development of self-understanding of younger teenagers in educational activities using the Internet are presented. In conclusion, it is concluded that the implementation of the model of educational activity using the Internet becomes a means of developing self-understanding of the younger teenager, if the activity is built around the values of communication, self-realization and self-understanding, which allow most effectively solve the problems of the adolescent period.
Production of melamine formaldehyde resins used in impregnation by incorporation of ethylene glycol and caprolactam with high flexibility, storage stability, and low formaldehyde content
Authors: Lan Ping , Yang Rui , Mao Hai Yan , Cui Ju Qing , Brosse Nicolas
Published: November 2020

Ethylene glycol and caprolactam were added during the synthesis process of melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins to develop a new MF formulation with high flexibility, storage stability, and low formaldehyde emissions that can be used for the impregnation of papers. It was demonstrated that the MF resins with amounts of ethylene glycol (molar ratio of ethylene glycol to melamine was 1.0) and caprolactam (molar ratio of caprolactam to formaldehyde was 0.12) achieved higher storage stability, flexibility, and lower free formaldehyde content. The impregnated papers made from these MF resins displayed good dry and wet tensile strength and passed the relevant standard specifications for decorative paper on wood-based panels. The size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) studies showed that the MF resins produced via incorporation of ethylene glycol and caprolactam had a different molecular weight distribution and polymeric structure.
Effects of biochar on heavy metals migration and fractions changes with different soil types in column experiments
Authors: Sun Jianxiong , Cui Liqiang , Quan Guixiang , Yan Jinlong , Wang Hui , Wu Limin
Published: November 2020

Effects of biochar on different soil types were studied in soil column experiments. The results showed that the biochar decreased filtrate heavy metals concentration by 89.0% to 95.7% (Cd) and 93.2% to 99.3% (Pb) compared with the control. The biochar application changed 2.3% to 9.84% of the exchangeable Cd fraction Pb to residual fractions, so the bioavailable Cd and Pb were reduced by 4.48% to 10.69% (Cd) and 11.74% to 16.42% (Pb) in surface soil (0 to 4 cm). Through increasing the soil ratio, the concentration of bioavailability of Cd and Pb was decreased 13.84% to 16.15% and 4.02% to 13.40% in 4 to 8 cm soil. With sandy soil, the application of biochar effectively reduced the down migration of heavy metals, and accomplished the conversion of 100.0% and 95% exchangeable Cd and Pb fractions into 13.1 to 43.9% residual Cd and 11.6 to 100.0% residual Pb. The SOM and pH also increased 1.2 to 2.3 g kg-1 and 0.01 to 0.31 with biochar application. The biochar effectively increased the SOM content, and stabilized heavy metals, then reduced the migration of Cd and Pb.
The changes of cohesion between students’ social skills as the indicator of social competence and socio-demographic factors
Authors: Lekavičienė Rosita , Antinienė Dalia
Published: November 2020

One of the main indicators of social competence of personality is social skills. Because the level of de­velopment of social skills is related to many internal and external factors, micro and macro environment, it’s very important to find out their intercorrelations, to evaluate the tendencies of changes from a time pers­pective. The aim of performed survey was to find out how the cohesion of social skills of students and socio-demographic factors changed in the last decade. The first survey was performed in 1998–1999, 623 students from four higher education establishments participated in it. The second survey was performed in 2010–2011, 590 students from seven universities participated in it. In the surveys Ullrich and de Muynck social competence assessment questionnaire (Ullrich and de Muynck, 1998, adapted by Lekavičienė, 1999), which analyses the behaviour according seven factors – (F1) General self-confidence, (F2) Resistance to failures and criticism, (F3) Ability of expressing feelings, (F4) Ability of asking for a favour, (F5) Unyielding, (F6) Ability of demanding, (F7) Feeling not guilty, was used. The internal consistency of factors is sufficient (Cronbach’s alpha varied from 0,60 to 0,80 in both surveys). Statistically significant cohesions were gained (p < 0,05): the importance of gender lessened for two factors of social competence – general self-confidence and feeling not guilty, but the gender is still very important factor to the ability of expressing feelings. The factor of a full family, differently than ten years ago, isn’t important to social competence of students, but in the second survey financial power of family became important and was related to one of the factors of social competence – general self-confidence. The greatest count of cohesions and changes during the last decade between the place of residence (city, town or a village) of students and various factors of social competence were revealed. Two new cohesions between living area, general self-confidence and the ability of demanding were found: even a half of students from villages received low ratings of the scale of self-confidence, when the students from cities dominated between those who are able to demand. Two in the first survey revealed cohesions of ability of expressing feelings and feeling not guilty didn’t change during the last decade. The factor of age in contrast to the first survey is related significantly to the general self-confidence.
Motor Impairment in Children With Congenital Heart Defects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bolduc Marie-Eve , Dionne Eliane , Gagnon Isabelle , Rennick Janet E. , Majnemer Annette , Brossard-Racine Marie
Published: November 2020

CONTEXT:

With improvements in survival rates in newborns with congenital heart defects (CHDs), focus has now shifted toward enhancing neurodevelopmental outcomes across their life span.

OBJECTIVE:

To systematically review the prevalence and extent of motor difficulties in infants, children, and adolescents with CHD requiring open-heart surgery.

DATA SOURCES:

Data sources included Embase, Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature.

STUDY SELECTION:

Original studies published between 1997 and 2019 examining gross and/or fine motor skills in children born with a CHD requiring open-heart surgery were selected.

DATA EXTRACTION:

The prevalence of motor impairments and mean scores on standardized motor assessments were extracted. Findings were grouped in 5 categories on the basis of the age of the children.

RESULTS:

Forty-six original studies were included in this systematic review. The prevalence of mild to severe motor impairments (scores <−1 SD below normative data or controls) across childhood ranged from 12.3% to 68.6%, and prevalence ranged from 0% to 60.0% for severe motor impairments (<−2 SDs). Although our results suggest that the overall prevalence of motor impairments <−1 SD remains rather constant across childhood and adolescence, severe motor impairments (<−2 SDs) appear to be more prevalent in younger children.

LIMITATIONS:

Variability in sampling and methodology between the reviewed studies is the most important limitation of this review.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of this review highlight that infants with CHD have an increased risk of motor impairments across infancy, childhood, and adolescence. These findings stress the importance of systematic screening or evaluation of motor skills across childhood and adolescence in children with CHD.
Factors Related to Maternal Adverse Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Cardiac Disease in Low-resource Settings
Authors: Poli Philippe Amubuomombe , Orang’o Elkanah Omenge , Mwangi Ann , Barasa Felix Ayub
Published: November 2020

Background: Cardiac disease is an important life-threatening complication during pregnancy. It is frequently seen in pregnant women living in resource-limited areas and often results in premature death. Aim: The aim of this hospital-based longitudinal study was to identify factors related to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with cardiac disease in low-resource settings. Methods: The study enrolled 91 pregnant women with congenital or acquired cardiac disease over a period of 2 years in Kenya. Results: Maternal and early neonatal deaths occurred in 12.2% and 12.6% of cases, respectively. The risk of adverse outcomes was significantly increased in those with pulmonary oedema (OR 11, 95% CI [2.3–52]; p=0.002) and arrhythmias (OR 16.9, 95% CI [2.5–113]; p=0.004). Limited access to care was significantly associated with adverse maternal outcomes (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Many factors contribute to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with cardiac disease. Access to comprehensive specialised care may help reduce cardiac-related complications during pregnancy.
SELECTING THE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS TO DELIVER CLIMATE CHANGE INFORMATION FOR THE COASTAL AND SMALL ISLAND COMMUNITY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Yoganingrum Ambar , Hantoro Wahyoe Soepri
Published: November 2020

The communication channels influence the effectiveness of climate change information dissemination in achieving the goals. Previous researches measured the efficacy of several channels such as people, television, radio, web, documentary film, animation, and newspaper. However, none of them identified to find the appropriate channels. Finding the most effective channels is required since there is a limited budget to apply all channels. Accordingly, this paper aims to select proper communication channels for disseminating information about climate change for the coastal and small islands' communities in Indonesia. Then we surveyed by spreading questioners. Furthermore, we applied non-parametric tests Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K – S) for determining the kind of distribution of the data. The analysis showed that the distribution of data is not normal. Therefore we applied a non-parametric statistical test, Friedman test for determining the ranking of the channels. This research provides a recommendation in selecting appropriate communication channels to deliver climate change information for the coastal and small islands' communities in Indonesia.
A NANOCOMPOSITE BASED ON MICROBIAL SYNTHESIS OF HUMIC PRECURSORS AND OF METAL NANOPARTICLES USED AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUND IN SOIL
Authors: Matei Sorin , Matei Gabi-Mirela , Cogălniceanu Gina , Brînzan Alexandru
Published: November 2020

Soil humic precursors could be considered the most active and mobile fraction and are highly significant to a series of biochemical processes in all types of soil. The microbial biosynthesized humic precursors attracted increasing attention on green synthesis of nanocomposite compounds realized between biopolymers and metal nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles are the most used engineered nanocomposite serving as antimicrobial agents.
In the present study we used aqueous solution of humic precursors synthesized by four microbial consortia (C1-C4) and selected on the basis of high quantities of exometabolites with structural similarities to soil humic acid fraction. The humic precursors were used as capping agents of silver nanoparticles in the nanocompozite synthesis.
Biosynthesized humic precursors act as reductive and stabilizative agents of nanoparticles which are found between 5-300nm in size and with spherical preponderant shape.
The presence of humus precursors and the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and UV-Vis.
At a given precursor concentration, the efficiency of nanocomposite synthesis increased with particle concentration and time of reaction, property which can be attributed to the high reduction capacity of humic precursors.
The induced antimicrobial effect of exposure to nanocomposites differs due to the size, time of preparation and stability.
Stabilization of nanocomposite by specific metal-ligand bonds was obtained in the solution for three months without any precipitate.
The antimicrobial effect of nanocomposites was estimated under laboratory agar well diffusion tests against mycotoxigenic soil fungal isolate Aspergillus niger (A27). The green synthesis of nanocomposite material with the best antimicrobial effect against test fungus was realized by microbial consortium C3and C4.
AN INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HOUSING SECTOR IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA
Authors: Yakubu Richard Nalarb
Published: November 2020

The study examined adaptation and mitigation of climate change in the housing sector from an institutional perspective in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study employed descriptive research design within the qualitative approach. The data was acquired through in-depth interviews and document study. Officials from the regional Department of Rural Housing (DRU) and Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies were interviewed. The study revealed that there was a high priority on technical training on housing construction, promoting the use of impact-resistant building materials, passive solar design as well as surface and underground tanks as adaptation measures while promoting the use of energy efficient household appliances was the only climate change mitigation measure in the housing sector. The Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies on the other hand did not have specific institutional structures within the assemblies to deal with climate change issues in the housing sector. The study identified an insufficient finances, ineffective fiscal decentralization as well as logistics and equipment as the main challenges faced by the DRU in climate change response in the region. The study recommends that the department should be adequately resourced financially as well as working logistics and equipment to undertake their core functions
Genetic aspects of multiple pregnancy (clinical lecture)
Authors:   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ukraine, Nazarenko L.G. , Belyaev S.G. ,   Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

The article focuses on the main aspects of multiple pregnancies, filed with the position of medical genetics. Presented the terminology, classification, mechanism of development of certain types of multiple pregnancies, the issues of foresighting. Separately considered the main pathological condition typical for monozygotic multiple pregnancy that are interesting to the practical obstetrician-gynecologists. Key words: multiple pregnancy, identical twins, no identical twins, imprinting, mosaicism, chromosome zygote, egg.
Optimization of treatment of sterility at women with benign pathology of mammary glands
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kubrak R.E.
Published: November 2020

The objective: rising of efficiency of treatment of sterility at women with pathology of mammary glands on the basis of studying the clinical-ehografical, endocrinologic and hemodynamic features and improvement of algorithm of auxiliary genesial technologies. Patients and methods. Were included in research of 90 women who were on sterility treatment by various techniques including auxiliary genesial technologies. The main methods of research were clinical, endocrinologic, ehografical and immunologic. Results.Сlinical efficiency of treatment of sterility at women with pathology of mammary glands when using the short protocol makes 33.3%, and long – 50.0%. The main complications of pregnancy is its spontaneous discontinuing in 1 trimester – 20.0% and 6.7%, and also premature births – 20.0% and 6.7% respectively. Conclusion. Use of the algorithm improved by us allows to increase efficiency of treatment of sterility, and такеж to provide low level of perinatal pathology. Practical introduction of the received results allows to improve sterility treatment without deterioration of pathology of mammary glands. Key words: pathology of mammary glands, sterility, treatment, auxiliary genesial tekhologies.
The effectiveness of different protocols of preparation of the endometrium when transferring vitrified/warmed embryos
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine, Parashchuk V.Y. , Lutsky A.S. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine, Gryshchenko N.G. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

Currently, there is a tendency toward increasing usage of criocycles in programs of in vitro fertilization. This approach allows to achieve pregnancy as well as prevent the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and utilize the pre-implantation genetic diagnostics. The objective: to improve the efficiency of in vitro fertilization treatment cycles with transferring of cryopreserved/warmed embryos into the uterus. Patients and methods. The study of 824 treatment cycles (in natural menstrual cycle, in cycle with hormone replacement therapy, after egg donation, in natural cycle without embryo transfer in «fresh» cycle, in cycle with hormone replacement therapy without embryo transfer in «fresh» cycle). Vitrification and cryopreservation method. Results. The analysis of the study results has shown that the implantation rate of frozen embryos in the natural cycle is higher than in the cycle with hormone replacement therapy. The implantation rate of frozen embryos after the use of agonist gonadotropin-releasing hormone as a trigger of final maturation of the agonist is higher than that of human chorionic gonadotropin, which allows us to consider vitrification as an effective tool that provides great flexibility of conducting controlled ovarian stimulation cycles and prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Conclusion. The effectiveness of frozen embryo transfer protocols gives us grounds to assert that the optimum cycle for the transfer is a cycle without stimulation. Key words: in vitro fertilization, the endometrium, frozen embryo implantation.
The correction of hemodynamic disorders in pregnant women with varicose veins
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Benyuk V.A. , Medved V.I. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Usevych I.A. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Koval S.D. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Korzheletskyy O.S. ,   Clinical hospital Feofania, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

The objective: determining of the characteristics of hemodynamic disorders in pregnant women with varicose veins. Patients and methods. The study involved 80 pregnant women with varicose veins of the lower limbs: 42 pregnant women with varicose veins of the lower extremities (study group) suggested usage of complex therapy; 38 pregnant women (group) – traditional therapy. Performed duplex mapping dopplerometry pool pelvic vein, external iliac and ovarian veins; pool venous legs, hip and great saphenous veins. The authors suggested regimen that includes use of drug Dioflan®. Results. Analysis of the data allowed to define features and its hemodynamic disturbances in venous pools pelvis and lower extremities in pregnant women with varicose veins. The study conducted by the authors proposed estimation methods of their correction using the drug Dioflan®. Conclusion. The proposed method is statistically more effective correction of hemodynamic disorders in pregnant women with varicose veins. Key words: pregnancy, varicose veins, dopplerometry, Dioflan®.
Polymorphisms in F2, F7, and PAI1 genes in men with coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Stryukova E. V. , Maksimov V. N. , Polonskaya Ya. V. , Murashov I. S. , Volkov A. M. , Kurguzov A. V. , Chernyavsky A. M. , Kashtanova E. V.
Published: November 2020

Aim. To study the associations of polymorphisms in F2, F7, and PAI1 genes with the presence of vulnerable plaque in coronary arteries (CA) and the blood concentration of proteins encoded by these genes.

Material and methods. The study included 101 men 40-70 years old with documented coronary atherosclerosis, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. According to the histological analysis of atherosclerotic plaques, men were divided into 2 groups: 40 men (39,6%) with stable plaque; 61 men (60,4%) with vulnerable plaques in CA. Genotyping of rs1799963 and rs6046 was performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, rs1799889 — by polymerase chain reaction. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS 16.0 software package.

Results. In patients with stable plaques, allele A of rs6046 polymorphism in the F7 gene was observed in 2,9 times more often (95% confidence interval (CI), 1,20-7,20, p=0,021) than in men with vulnerable plaques. The odds ratio of the GA genotype carriage is 4,03 times higher among patients with stable plaques in CA compared with vulnerable plaques (95% CI, 1,49-10,93, p=0,006). The odds ratio of the 5G/4G genotype carriage among patients with stable plaques in CA is 2,47 times higher than in patients with vulnerable plaques (95% CI, 1,08-5,62, p=0,039). The 4G/4G genotype carriage is 5,85 times much more common in men with stable plaques (95% CI, 1,61-21,34, p=0,003).

Conclusion. Polymorphism in the PAI1 (rs1799889) and F7 (rs6046) genes are associated with the presence of vulnerable plaques in CA in men with verified coronary atherosclerosis. There were no differences between the groups in the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of the rs1799963 polymorphism of the F2 gene. Also, no significant differences were found in the blood levels of PAI-1 and factor VII in groups with different genotypes.