bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Reported Case of Hemoptysis After Silicone Gel Breast Implants
Authors: Zhuo Guang Ying , Zhang Pei Yong , Xiang Tao
Published: October 2021

Background: Hemoptysis after silicone breast prosthesis surgery has not been reported so far, and the mechanism is unclear. Case presentation: A 25-year-old young woman presented hemoptysis after silicone breast prosthesis replacement surgery. CTA revealed diffuse interstitial, alveolar, and terminal bronchial exudate changes in absent of pulmonary embolism. Noninvasive ventilator assisted breathing, combined with atomized inhalation of budesonide 2ml every 8h and intravenous infusion of hydrocortisone 100mg every 12h. Chest CT improved significantly 3 days later, and discharged 10 days later. Conclusions: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage might be the cause of hemoptysis after silicone breast augmentation, and glucocorticoid treatment is very effective. However, if pulmonary imaging suggested diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage, BAL and lung biopsy should be performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis before treatment.
Effects of Risk Factors for Pregnancy Outcomes of Subsequent Pregnancy Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China.
Authors: Xu Weijiao , Xu Xia , Guo Yanni , Liang Jie , Yan Jianying
Published: October 2021

BackgroundSince the implementation of the three‑child policy in China, the number of high-risk pregnant women has increased, causing serious challenges to health care during pregnancy. In this article, we aimed to investigate the impact of several risk factors for maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and recurrent GDM to formulate a management strategy to minimize the effect of risk factors for gestational diabetes. ResultsPre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain affect maternal and child outcomes in the first and second onset of GDM. Pregnancy interval and fasting blood glucose in early pregnancy influence maternal and child outcomes of recurrent GDM. Maternal lipid levels during early pregnancy have a marked influence on neonatal outcomes in recurrent GDM.ConclusionsOn the basis of this result, weight management should be closely monitored before and during pregnancy. For planning of the second pregnancy with a previous history of GDM, a reasonable time between pregnancies is ideal. Moreover, in the next pregnancy, control of fasting blood glucose and lipid levels during the first trimester is necessary to improve both maternal and child outcomes.
miR-196a-5p Promoted the Osteogenic Differentiation and Calvarial Bone Defect Repair of Wharton’s Jelly Umbilical Cord Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Yantong , Zhang Simin , Yang Haoqing , Cao Yangyang , Yu Dianqin , Zhao Yingchu , cao yu
Published: October 2021

Background: To investigate the effect of miR‐196a-5p on the osteogenic differentiation and defected bone repair of Wharton’s jelly umbilical cord stem cells (WJCMSCs). Methods: miR‐196a-5p mimic or inhibitor was applied to overexpress or silence miR‐196a-5p expression in WJCMSCs. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization ability, and osteogenic markers expression were used to test WJCMSCs osteogenic potential in vitro. Calvarial bone defect model of rat was used to evaluate WJCMSCs bone regeneration ability in vivo. mRNA microarray was used to reveal the underling mechanisms that miR‐196a-5p regulated bone repair.Results: miR-196a-5p inhibition reduced the ALP activity, mineralization ability, and level of osteogenic markers OCN, DSPP, DMP1 and BSP, while miR-196a-5p overexpression enhanced the ALP activity, mineralization ability, and level of OCN, DSPP, DMP1 and BSP of WJCMSCs in vitro. Next, the micro-CT and histopathology results showed miR-196a-5p-overexpressed-WJCMSCs obviously promoted the new bone tissue regeneration and calvarial bone defect repair after MSCs transplanted for 12 weeks. Further, mRNA microarray of miR-196a-5p-overexpressed-WJCMSCs revealed totally 959 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 34 upregulated and 925 downregulated. Also, 241 miR-196a-5p targeted genes were predicted by using miRNA targeted websites and only 19 predicted genes were consistent with microarray results. On this basis, one significantly downregulated gene SERPINB2 was selected and revealed that SERPINB2 deletion obviously enhanced the ALP activity and mineralization ability of WJCMSCs in vitro.Conclusions: miR-196a-5p promoted the osteogenic differentiation potential and calvarial bone defect repair ability of WJCMSCs. And SERPINB2 acted as one key downstream gene to participate in the miR-196a-5p promoted MSCs osteogenic differentiation.
Safety and Efficacy of the Combination of BCc1 and Hep-S Nanochelating-Based Medicines in Hospitalized COVID-19 Adult Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hafizi Maryam , Kalanaky Somayeh , Fakharzadeh Saideh , Fakharian Atefeh , Lookzadeh Somayeh , Mortaz Esmaeil , Mirenayat Maryam , Heshmatnia Jalal , Karam Mehrdad Bakhshayesh , Zamani Homa , Nadji Alireza , Toutkaboni Mihan Pourabdollah , Oraee-Yazdani Saeed , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Jamaati Hamidreza , Nazaran Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Background: The mortality and morbidity of COVID‐19 disease as well as the lack of a proper medication has forced researchers and clinicians to employ urgent efficient technologies to overcome this current pandemic. In the severe forms of COVID-19, the patients develop a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) where pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α play a key role in the development of this serious process. The efficiency of nanomedicines - as efficient immunomodulators - that are synthesized based on nanochelating technology have been proved in the previous studies. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S nanomedicines on hospitalized COVID-19 patients was evaluated.Method: Laboratory-confirmed moderate COVID-19 patients at Masih Daneshvari Hospital were enrolled to participate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in two separate groups: combination of BCc1 and Hep-S (N=62) (treatment) or placebo (N=60) (placebo). The primary outcome of the study was evaluating the safety of the nanomedicines combination and its effect on the number of deceased patients, while the secondary outcome was decrease in inflammatory cytokines.Results: The evaluation of blood biochemical indices as well as clinical symptoms showed that adding the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S nanomedicines to the standard protocol of the treatment caused no adverse effects. The results analysis revealed that 28-day consumption of the nanomedicines led to a significant decrease in the mean level of IL-6 cytokine of the patients in the treatment group (p < 0.05). In addition, the patients in the treatment group had lower TNF-α levels compared to those in the control (p > 0.05) and they also showed less need for oxygen therapy. Finally, the number of the deceased patients in the treatment group was 30% lower than that of the control (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The combination of BCc1 and Hep-S, as safe nanomedicines, inhibits IL-6 as a highly important and well-known cytokine in COVID-19 pathophysiology, and presents a promising view for immunomodulation that can manage CSS and reduce mortality rate in COVID19 patients.Trial registration IRCTID, IRCT20170731035423N2. Registered 12 Jun 2020, http://www.irct.ir/ IRCT20170731035423N2.
Fluttering cord-like thrombus in the aortic arch: a case report
Authors: Kuroda Yuki , Marui Akira , Arai Yoshio , Nagasawa Atsushi , Tsumaru Shinichi , Arakaki Ryoko , Iida Jun , Wada Yuki , Soga Yoshiharu
Published: October 2021

BackgroundOptimal treatment for aortic thrombus remains to be determined, but surgical treatment is indicated when there is a risk for thromboembolism. Case PresentationA 47-year-old male presented with weakness in his left arm upon awakening. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a mobile pedunculated object suggestive of a thrombus arising from the ascending aorta and extending to the left common carotid artery. It was removed under hypothermic circulatory arrest and direct cannulation of the left carotid artery to avoid carotid thromboembolism. Histopathological examination revealed that the object was a thrombus. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged 9 days after surgery. ConclusionWhen a thrombus in the aortic arch extends to the neck arteries, direct cannulation of the neck arteries with selective cerebral perfusion via cervical incision is a useful technique.
Urosepsis After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - a New Prediction Rule and Scoring System
Authors: Yang Heng , Wang Zhang Qin , Liu Zhi Li , Hao Qiang Zhi , Wang Shen Jing , Wang Yuan , Li Le Yong , Tan Hui Ming , Qian Biao
Published: October 2021

Objective:Development and validation of a scoring system to predict the risk of urosepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Methods:The risk factors associated with urosepsis following PCNL(Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) were identified by meta-analysis. Based on the degree of association, different scores were assigned to these risk factors. Finally Risk assessment scoring system for urosepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was established and validated using ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. Results:Based on the degree of association, Women, age (≥60yrs), diabetes mellitus, blood routine (White blood cells≥10×109/L), Urinalysis (White blood cells≥+), Urine culture (Positive), stone size(≥2cm), staghorn stone, hydronephrosis (moderate-severe) were assigned 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2 points respectively with a total score of 21 points. The area under the ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve was 0.913, at the cut-off point of 8.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 89.4% respectively. Conclusions:The PuRass scoring system could be a useful tool in predicting the risk of urosepsis after PCNL(Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy). Clinician should pay attention to patients with a score above 8.5 during the perioperative period.
Risk Identification of Coal Spontaneous Fire Based on COWA Modified G1 Combination Weighting Cloud Model
Authors: Su Guorui , Jia Baoshan , Wang Peng , Zhang Ru , Shen Zhuo
Published: October 2021

To realize the scientific judgment of spontaneous fire risk in the coal mine, the spontaneous fire influence factors were analyzed from the three aspects of coal spontaneous combustion tendency, air leakage, and oxygen supply, heat storage and heat dissipation. And the basis for the evaluation of t spontaneous fire grade was constructed. Combination ordered weighted averaging (COWA) calculation was introduced to optimizes G1 subjective weighting, and a COWA modified G1 combined weighting cloud model was proposed to identify the spontaneous fire risk in the coal mine. Finally, the rationality of the model was verified with actual cases. The research results show that the spontaneous fire risk level in the Lingquan coal mine is relatively safe, which is consistent with the actual situation. And the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal is the leading factor affecting spontaneous fire risk.
Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Insecticide resistance Status of Aedes Aegypti in Ghana
Authors: Owusu-Asenso Christopher Mfum , Mingle Julius Abraham Addo , Weetman David , Afrane Yaw Asare
Published: October 2021

Background: Vector control is the main intervention to control arboviral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes because for most there are no effective vaccines or treatment. This vector control relies heavily on the use of insecticides, effectiveness of which may be impacted by resistance. In addition, rational insecticide application requires detailed knowledge of vector distribution, dynamics, resting, and feeding behaviours, which are poorly understood for Aedes vectors in Africa. This study investigated the spatio-temporal distribution and insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti from across ecological extremes of GhanaMethods: Immature mosquitoes were sampled from containers in and around human dwellings at each of seven study sites in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Ghana. Adult Aedes mosquitoes were sampled indoor and outdoor using Biogent sentinel-2 mosquito traps, human landing catches, and prokopack aspiration. Distributions of immatures and adult Aedes mosquitoes were determined indoors and outdoors during dry and rainy seasons at all sites. Phenotypic resistance status of Aedes mosquitoes to insecticides was determined using WHO bioassays. Host blood meal source was determined by PCR.Results: A total of 16,711 immature Aedes were sampled, with over 70% found in car tires. Significantly more breeding containers had Aedes immatures during the rainy season 70.95% (11,856) compared to the dry season 29.05% (4,855). A total of 1,895 adult Aedes mosquitos were collected, including Ae. aegypti (97.8%), Ae. africanus (2.1%) and Ae. Luteocephalus (0.1%). Indoor sampling of adult Aedes mosquitoes yielded a total of 381 (20.1%) and outdoor a total of 1,514 (79.9%) (z = -5.427; p = 0.0000) over the entire sampling period. Aedes aegypti populations were resistant to DDT at all study sites. Vectors showed suspected resistance to Bendiocarb (96-97%), Permethrin (90-96%) and Deltamethrin (91-96%) and were susceptible to the organophosphate malathion from all study sites.Blood meal analysis showed that the Aedes mosquitoes were mostly anthropophilic with HBI of 0.9 i.e. [(human = 90%), (human and dog = 5%), (dog and cow = 5%)].Conclusion: Aedes mosquitoes were found at high densities in all ecological zones of Ghana. Resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates may limit control efficacy and requires careful monitoring.
Development of a Prognostic Model Based on Differentially Expressed Immune Genes of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhai Yang , Li Lina , Wang Yuzhen , Li Jingjin , Li Xu , Liu Bin , Zhang Yili , Chen Qian
Published: October 2021

Due to the enormous heterogeneity and molecular complexity, the efficacy of existing lung adenocarcinoma risk prediction models were less than satisfactory. In this study, we downloaded the immune-related genes were from InnateDB, and the differentially expressed immune genes (DEIGs) were analyzed with edgeR and DESeq2 algorithm. In total, 1359 DEIGs were identified. Cytoscape was employed to build a mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network which was consists of 8 lncRNAs, 7 miRNAs and 117 DEIGs. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the 117 DEIGs were involved in immune and inflammatory responses and actively involved in a MAPK signaling pathway. A prognostic signature based on ten DEIGs including ASPH, CAV1, FKBP4, GRIK2, FURIN, SLC6A8, FSCN1, CKAP4, HAPLN2 and IL22RA2 which performed well was correlated with tumor burden, tumor stage and metastasis. The similar result was obtained in the validation dataset GSE72094 (p<0.0001). The prognostic index reflected infiltration by B cell, CD4+T cell, CD8+T cell and dendritic cell. We also found that ASPH and FSCN1 were over-expression in A549, H1299, PC-9 cells, and the positive expression of ASPH, FSCN1, MS4A1 and CD40LG had a correlation with the TNM stage, cellular differentiation and the lymphnode metastasis(p<0.05). High levels of ASPH and FSCN1, low levels of MS4A1 and CD40LG expression are all associated with poor overall survival in LUAD (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results identified DEIGs of clinical significance, verified the effect of the DEIGs-based, personalized prediction model for lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. Together, our results revealed that ASPH and FSCN1 could be a prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma.
Global Research Trends in Stem Cells for Tendon from 1991 to 2020: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study
Authors: Long Huibin , Yuan Ziyang , Yin Heyong , Yang Bo , Guo Ai
Published: October 2021

Background: Tendinopathy is a disabling musculoskeletal disorder affecting the athletic and general populations. There have been increased studies using stem cells in treating tendon diseases. The aim of this bibliometric and visualized study is to comprehensively investigate the current status and global trends of research in stem cells for tendon. Methods: Publications related to stem cells for tendon from 1991 to 2020 were retrieved from Web of Science. The source data were studied and indexed using a bibliometric methodology. VOS viewer software was used to conduct for the visualized study, including bibliographic coupling, co-authorship, co-citation and co-occurrence analysis and to analyze the publication trends of research in stem cells for tendon. Results: In total, 2492 articles were included. Though the relative research interests decline since 2018, the number of publications increased annually worldwide. The United States made the largest contribution to this field, with the most publications, citations and the highest H-index. The most contributive institutions were University of Pittsburgh, Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Chinese University of Hong Kong. The Journal of Orthopaedic Research published the most relative articles. Studies could be classified into five clusters: “animal study”, “tissue engineering”, “clinical study”, “mechanism research” and “stem cells research”, which show a trend of balanced development in this field. Conclusions: The number of publications on stem cells in treating tendon diseases may have reached a platform based on current global trends. The United States made the largest contribution to this field. In addition, according to the inherent changes of hotspots in each cluster and the possibilities of cross-research, the research in stem cells for tendon may exist a balanced development trend.
An Efficient Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Method of Novel Bi2O3 Nanostructure and Its Application As a High-Performance Nanocatalyst in Preparing Benzylidene Barbituric Acid Derivatives
Authors: Yahyazadehfar Mahdieh , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah , Ahmadi Sayed Ali , Ghazanfari Dadkhoda
Published: October 2021

In this study, controllable and optimal microwave irradiation has been used to synthesize the novel nanostructures of Bi2O3 under environmental conditions. The final products had a thermal stability of 210 °C, an average particle size distribution of 85 nm, and surface area of 783 m2/g. The high thermodynamic stability of Bi2O3 nanostructures were confirmed by TG and DSC analyses. The nanostructure nature of compounds, most importantly, the use of effective, cost effective and rapid synthesis route of microwave have created significant physiochemical properties in the Bi2O3 products. These unexpected properties have made the possibility of potentials application of these products in various fields, especially in nanocatalyst applications. It is well-documented that, as Lewis acid, bismuth nanocatalyst exhibits a great catalytic activity for the green synthesis of some bio-active barbituric acid derivatives using precursors with electron-donating or –withdrawing nature in high yields (80-98%). After incorporating this catalyst into the aqueous media, all the reactions were completed within 2-3 min at room temperature. The main advantages of this method are practical facility, the availability of starting materials, and low costs besides the catalyst reusability. Additionally, the catalyst synthesis process may be carried in the aqueous media during a short period with medium to high yields. The obtained results have opened a new window for development of a novel nanocatalyst with practical application.
Correlations Among Ultrasonographic, Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Pectoralis Major Muscles in Turkeys Reared in a Sustainable Farming System
Authors: Schwarz Tomasz , Węglarz Andrzej , Andres Krzysztof , Wojtysiak Dorota , Murawski Maciej , Ahmadi Behnaz , Bartlewski Pawel. M. , Ahmadi Bahareh
Published: October 2021

Background: One of the challenges of the contemporary meat industry is to obtain reliable information on meat quality throughout the entire production cycle. Previous studies have shown that computerized analysis of muscle ultrasonograms is a promising method to predict certain characteristics of skeletal muscles in live birds. Methods: The present study set out to examine associations among echotextural, physicochemical and sensory attributes of the pectoralis major muscles in 17-week old (B.U.T.) Big-6 turkeys raised in a sustainable farming system, and varying in the amount of wheat and oat grain in daily feed rations (Group C: complete feed only; Group Exp 1: 5 to 30% of wheat and 0 to 20% of oat; and Group Exp2: 5 to 50% of wheat and 0 to 50% of oat; n = 15 turkeys/group). Digital ultrasonograms of the left pectoral muscle in four different planes (longitudinal-L, transverse-T, and two oblique planes-O1 and O2) were obtained with a 5.0-MHz linear-array transducer just before slaughter. First-order echotextural variables (mean numerical pixel intensity-MPI and pixel heterogeneity-MPH) of the muscle parenchyma were computed using the ImageProPlusâ analytical software. Physicochemical and sensory attributes of the pectoral muscles were determined using validated laboratory and analytical methods. Results. Twelve significant correlations between echotextural attributes and various meat characteristics were recorded in Group C, one in Group Exp1, and eight in Group Exp2. When data were pooled for all birds studied, there were twelve significant correlations (P < 0.05); all but one correlation (between MPH and moisture) were for physical and sensory characteristics of meat samples. The strongest overall correlation was between O1-MPH and aroma (intensity) (r = -0.41, P = 0.005). Conclusion: Computer-assisted analysis is a potential method to determine certain chemical constituents (mainly moisture) as well as physical (e.g., coloration) and sensory (e.g., aroma) characteristics of pectoralis major muscles in organic turkeys. The occurrence and strength of quantitative correlations among echotextural characteristics in situ and post-mortem traits of turkeys’ muscles are affected by nutrition and scanning plane.
The Effect of Shock Duration on Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy in a Murine Model
Authors: Sloos Pieter , Maas M. Adrie W. , Hollmann Markus W. , Juffermans Nicole P. , Kleinveld Derek J.B.
Published: October 2021

BackgroundTrauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. TIC can present with different coagulation defects. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of shock duration on TIC characteristics. We hypothesized that longer duration of shock leads to a more hypocoagulable rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) profile compared to a shorter duration of shock.Methods|Male B57BL/6J(c) mice (n=5 to 10 per group) were sedated and mechanically ventilated. Trauma was induced by bilateral lower limb fractures and crush injuries to the liver and small intestine. Shock was induced by blood withdrawals until a mean arterial pressure of 25-30 mmHg was achieved. Groups reflected trauma and shock for 30 min (TS30) and trauma and shock for 90 min (TS90). Control groups included ventilation only (V90) and trauma only (T90).Results Shock groups had increased base deficit compared to control groups (V90 and T90). Mortality was 10% in TS30 and 30% in TS90. ROTEM profile was more hypocoagulable, as shown by significantly lower maximum clot firmness (MCF) in the TS30 group (43.5 [37.5 – 46.8] mm) compared to the TS90 group (52.0 [47.0 – 53.0] mm, p=0.008). ROTEM clotting time and parameters of clot build-up did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionsTIC characteristics change with shock duration. Contrary to the hypothesis, a shorter duration of shock was associated with decreased maximum clotting amplitudes compared to longer duration of shock. The effect of shock duration on TIC should be further assessed in trauma patients.
Effect of Inhibited T lymphocyte Function on Depressive Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients with Depression
Authors: Zhou Jun-He , Li Wei-Han , Zhang De-Long , Ning Bai-Le , Zhao Lin , Liu Ming , Fu Wen-Bin
Published: October 2021

Background: Depression has a high incidence among patients with breast cancer, but the relationship between depression and cancer-related physiological changes is not clear.Objectives: To explore the effect of T lymphocytes on breast cancer depression and the patient’s quality of life.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 93 breast cancer patients with depression were recruited, 46 of whom underwent T lymphocyte, cortisol, BDNF, TNF-α, and IL-1β collection. We analysed the correlation between the indicators in these 46 participants and constructed two intermediary structural equations between their T lymphocytes and depression, as well as their T lymphocytes and their quality of life.Results: The results showed that CD4+ had a positive correlation with BDNF (r=0.334, P=0.023) and that BDNF had a negative correlation with HAMD-24 (r=-0.390, P=0.007). Both CD3+ and CD8+ cells were negatively correlated with cortisol (r=-0.358, P=0.015, r=-0.411, P=0.005), and cortisol was positively correlated with FACT-B (r=0.435, P=0.003). The equations including CD4+, BDNF, and HAMD-24, as well as the equations including CD3+, CD8+, cortisol, and FACT-B, were established. BDNF was the mediating variable between CD4+ and HAMD-24. Cortisol was the mediating variable between CD3+, CD8+ and FACT-B. Neither HAMD-24 nor FACT-B could form a direct path with T lymphocytes.Conclusion: T lymphocytes may be involved in the depression of breast cancer patients since a poor quality of life could inhibit T lymphocytes, and this may be the underlying physiological cause of breast cancer-related depression.
Copy Number Variations Contribute to Intramuscular Fat Content Differences By Affecting The Expression of PELP1 Alternative Splices in Pig
Authors: Wang Ligang , Zhang Tian , Na Li , Zhang Longchao , Hou Xinhua , Yan Hua , Wang Lixian
Published: October 2021

Background Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a key meat quality trait. Research on the genetic mechanisms of IMF decomposition is valuable for both pork quality improvement and the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Copy number variations (CNVs) are a type of variant that may influence meat quality.ResultsIn this study, a total of 1185 CNV regions (CNVRs) including 393 duplicated CNVRs, 432 deleted CNVRs, and 361 CNVRs with both duplicated and deleted status were identified in a pig F2 resource population using next-generation sequencing data. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was then performed between CNVs and IMF, and a total of 19 CNVRs were found to be significantly associated with IMF. QTL colocation analysis indicated that 3 of the 19 CNVRs overlapped with known QTLs. RNA-seq and qPCR validation results indicated that CNV150, which is located on the 3’UTR end of the proline, glutamate, and leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1) gene, may affect the expression of PELP1 alternative splices. Sequence alignment and Alphafold2 structure prediction results indicated that the two alternative splices of PELP1 have a 23 AA sequence variation and a helix-fold structure variation. This region is located in the region of interaction between PELP1 and other proteins which have been reported to be significantly associated with fat deposition or insulin resistance. We infer that the CNVR may influence IMF content by regulating the alternative splicing of the PELP1 gene and ultimately affecting the structure of the PELP1 protein. ConclusionsIn conclusion, we found some CNVRs, especially CNV150, located in PELP1 that affect IMF. These findings suggest a novel mechanistic approach for meat quality improvement in animals and potential treatment of insulin resistance in human beings.
Simulation and Experiment Research on Liquid Channel of Diffuser Blade by Electrochemical Machining
Authors: Xu Jinkai , Tao Jin , Ren Wanfei , Tian Kun , Sun Xiaoqing , Yu Huadong
Published: October 2021

Aiming to solve the problems of the low electrolyte flow rate at leading edge and trailing edge and poor uniformity of the end clearance flow field during the electrochemical machining (ECM) of diffuser blades, a gap flow field simulation model was established by designing three liquid-increasing channels at the leading edge and the trailing edge of the cathode. The simulation results indicate that the liquid-increasing hole channel (LIHC) with an outlet area S of 1.5 mm2 and a distance L from channel center to edge point of 3.2 mm achieves optimal performance. In addition, the experiment results show that the optimized cathode with liquid-increasing hole channel (LIHC) significantly improves the machining efficiency, accuracy and surface quality. Specifically, the feed speed increased from 0.25 mm/min to 0.43 mm/min, the taper decreased from 4.02° to 2.45°, the surface roughness value of blade back reduced from 1.146 µm to 0.802 µm. Moreoever, the roughness of blade basin decreased from 0.961 µm to 0.708 µm, and the roughness of hub reduced from 0.179 µm to 0.119 µm. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, and can be used for ECM of other complex structures with poor flow field uniformity.
Access To WASH, Knowledge, Practice, and Protective Motivation Behaviour Towards COVID-19 Pandemic of Urban Marginalized Peoples
Authors: Pattanrsi Siwarat , Nguyen Thi Phuoc Lai
Published: October 2021

Background

Urban marginalized people are most vulnerable to the Covid-19 pandemic because of their poor water and hygiene conditions and high-density populated environment. However, there lack WASH facilities and theory-guided behavioural health intervention programs towards the Covid-19 pandemic in these fragile communities.
Methods

This study used the combined Knowledge- Practice -Theory (KAP) and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to predict the protective motivation behaviours of urban marginalized people against Covid-19. The phenomenological approach was applied to examine the slum communities' lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected through 105 semi-structured interviews and 453 questionnaires in two slum communities in Bangkok, Thailand.
Results

Results showed that most Thai slum people tended to have better access WASH and healthcare services and protection behaviours towards Covid-19 than other foreign migrant slum people. Structural Equation Modelling results illustrated that knowledge directly drove marginalized peoples’ perceived vulnerability and practices, while practices influenced their perceived severity, self, and response efficacy which directly associated with their behavioural intentions.
Conclusions

Future pandemic prevention intervention programs should focus on vulnerability and severity through providing adequate WASH facilities and self-efficacy and response efficacy of protection motivation through enhancing community sensitization and awareness of COVID-19 protection.
Plumbagin Protects H9c2 Cardiomyocytes against TBHP-induced Cytotoxicity via Alleviating ROS-induced Apoptosis and Inducing Autophagy
Authors: Zhang Qianrui , Fu Haitan , Gong Wenjuan , Cao Feng , Wu Tao , Hu Fei
Published: October 2021

Plumbagin has been previously reported to alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. In this study, we analyzed the potential role of plumbagin against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in cardiomyocytes. In the present study, plumbagin (PLB) was used to evaluate its cytoprotective property in H9c2 cardiomyocytes against tertiary butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP, 75 μM) induced ROS-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our results implicate that pretreatment with PLB (5, 10 or 20 μM) notably restored viabilities in TBHP-induced H9c2 cells (p＜0.01). Also PLB treatment significantly decreased creatine kinase (CK) (p＜0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (p＜0.01). TBHP induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in cultured cardiomyocyte, whereas PLB pretreatment significantly reduced TBHP-induced apoptosis rate (p＜0.01) and ROS level (p＜0.01). Furthermore, PLB resulted in decrease in the expressions of cleaved caspase 3, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase enzyme 4 (NOX4) and phospho-p38 MAPK in TBHP-induced H9c2 cells. And the active marker of autophagosomes, LC3-II/LC3-I was elevated following treatment with PLB. These findings indicated that PLB may induce autophagy. The present study shows the protective role of PLB against TBHP-induced cardiomyocyte injury via alleviation of ROS-mediated apoptosis and induction of autophagy.
Efficient Adsorptive of Carbofuran Via Tailored Porous Polyacrylonitrile Film Incorporated Ti-MIL Coordination Polymer
Authors: Albaqami Munirah D. , Alobaid Amal O. , nafady Ayman
Published: October 2021

Carbofuran is largely applied insecticide which resulted in its wide spreading in ground/surface water and food products and consequently investigation of efficient techniques for removal of carbofuran is extensively considered. Herein, facile approach for removal of carbofuran was developed via exploitation of highly adsorptive porous film based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and NH2-MIL-Ti as a coordination polymer. NH2-MIL-Ti@P-PAN film was prepared by immobilization of NH2-MIL-Ti within the pre-prepared porous (P-PAN) film. The pore diameter of PAN film was estimated to be 8.5 – 51.2 µm. The removal of carbofuran from the porous film was systematically studied and fitted to both pseudo 2nd ordered and Langmuir models. Results showed that Langmuir maximum removal of carbofuran was largely enhanced from 292.2 mg/g for P-PAN to 489.5 – 690.1 mg/g for NH2-MIL-Ti@P-PAN. Thus, by increasing the amount of immobilized NH2-MIL-Ti@P-PAN in the film, the adsorption capacity of carbofuran was markedly improved, reaching a 2.4 times higher when 30% NH2-MIL-Ti is immobilized. Importantly, after six reusing times, the removal of carbofuran by 30% NH2-MIL-Ti@P-PAN film was decreased by only 12.5%. The overall results attest that the fabricated NH2-MIL-Ti@P-PAN film could be efficiently used for trace removal of various insecticides and other environmental applications.
Robust Stabilization of T-S Fuzzy Systems via Improved Integral Inequality
Authors: C Karthik , G Nagamani , Subramaniyam Ramasamy , D Dafik
Published: October 2021

This paper focuses on the state feedback control for uncertain nonlinear model, which can be denoted by Takagi - Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model. We derive an improved integral inequality as a rearrangement of quadratic matrix-vector form combined with Jensen's inequality. By using this improved inequality, the sufficient conditions guaranteeing the stability of the resulting T-S fuzzy model have been proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. With respect to these stability conditions, the stabilization criterion is given for the T-S fuzzy systems with the prescribed control gain matrices. Finally, to check the feasibility and less conservatism of the derived results, numerical examples are given including the physical model such as continuous stirred tank reactor ( CSTR ) model supported by numerical simulations.
Extent of Sedge/Grass Meadow in a Lake Michigan Drowned-River-Mouth Wetland Dictated by Topography/Bathymetry and Lake Level
Authors: Wilcox Douglas A. , Bateman John , Kowalski Kurt , Meeker James , Dunn Nicole
Published: October 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Exploration of the Diagnostic Classification of Orthorexia Nervosa: Distinct Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
Authors: Cosh Suzanne M , Olson Jemma , Tully Phillip J.
Published: October 2021

PurposeOrthorexia Nervosa (ON) is characterised as obsessional healthy eating that results in malnutrition and/or psychosocial impairment. Yet, its diagnostic classification remains uncertain, with theoretical overlap with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This study aimed to further understand appropriate diagnostic classification by assessing the ability of ON for detecting the presence/absence of AN and OCD.MethodAn observational survey was completed by 362 participants recruited through eating-disorder, dieting and mental health support groups. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analyses determined the predictive ability of ON symptoms (assessed by ORTO-15 and ORTO-9) for detecting AN (determined by EAT-26 cut-scores and BMI >17.5), and OCD and Obsessional thinking (assessed by the OCI-R).ResultsResults showed both ON measures are able to adequately predict AN, however ON was poor to moderate at detecting OCD and Obsessional thinking. Specificity for detecting AN was poor and ability to discriminate between AN and ON was low.ConclusionThese results suggest that ON, as it is currently measured, may be more closely related to EDs than OCD, and that ON may represent a subtype or subset of AN; although results are limited by the lack of definitive ON diagnostic criteria and limitations of ON measures.Level of evidence – Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study
Microstructure Dependent Dislocation Density Evolution in Micro-macro Rolled CNT/Al Composite
Authors: Sadeghi Behzad , Cavaliere Pasquale
Published: October 2021

Flake powder metallurgy combined with micro/macro rolling was employed to produce CNT/Al composites. The effect of deformation mode on the lamellar ultrafine grain structure and on the dislocation density was analyzed. Additionally, a model based on microstructure and processing parameters is proposed to analyze the effect of size, aspect ratio and crystallography texture of the matrix grains on dislocation density. It was shown that the dislocation density depends on CNTs dispersion degree and CNT-aluminum interfacial bonding level as a consequence of micro rolling process, as well as on the grain refinement, crystallography texture, and high aspect ratio resulted from macro-rolling process. It was demonstrated that the micro/macro rolling process provides the lamellar ultrafine grains with higher dislocation storage capability with respect to equiaxed grains. The described process indicated that it could provide good combination between the CNTs dispersion, CNT-aluminum interfacial bonding as well as crystallography texture, size and shape of the matrix grains.
Effects of Different Viscometer Test on Stencil Printing Process for CFD Simulation
Authors: Ishak Mohammad Hafifi Hafiz , Rusdi Mohd Syakirin , Abdullah Mohd Zulkifly , Aziz Mohd Sharizal Abdul , Abdullah Muhammad Khalil , Rethinasamy Parimalam , Santhanasamy Damian G.
Published: October 2021

This study discusses the use of different spindle type for the testing of lead-free solder paste by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The study focuses on measuring the volume of solder paste deposition on the solder pad. Parallel-plate (PP) and Cone-plate (CP) spindle were used with five different tests consist of different spindle type and setting. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used for the simulation while Cross model was applied as viscosity model for the solder paste. SAC305 type 3 lead-free solder paste was used in this study as it is mostly popular used by the industries nowadays. The solder paste filled the volume under different squeegee speeds and aperture size was compared between experiments and simulations. For different squeegee speed, PP 0.5 mm gap obtained the lowest average discrepancy value between simulation and experimental results. At different aperture size, all test show similar trend line and about the same value of average discrepancy with CP1° while PP 0.5 mm gap showed the lowest average discrepancy. At small aperture volume, all tests performed shows similar value of filled volume except PP 0.5 mm which exhibit the lowest percentage difference when compared with the experimental values at a bigger aperture volume.
Improved Training of Deep Convolutional Networks via Minimum-Variance Regularized Adaptive Sampling
Authors: Rojas-Domínguez Alfonso , Valdez Ivvan , Ornelas-Rodríguez Manuel , Carpio Martín
Published: October 2021

Fostered by technological and theoretical developments, deep neural networks have achieved great success in many applications, but their training by means of mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can be very costly due to the possibly tens of millions of parameters to be optimized and the large amounts of training examples that must be processed. Said computational cost is exacerbated by the inefficiency of the uniform sampling method typically used by SGD to form the training mini-batches: since not all training examples are equally relevant for training, sampling these under a uniform distribution is far from optimal. A better strategy is to form the mini-batches by sampling the training examples under a distribution where the probability of being selected is proportional to the relevance of each individual example. This can be achieved through Importance Sampling (IS), which also achieves the minimization of the gradients’ variance w.r.t. the network parameters, further improving convergence. In this paper, an IS-based adaptive sampling method is studied that exploits side information to construct the required probability distribution. Said method is modified to enable its application to deep neural networks, and the improved method is dubbed Regularized Adaptive Sampling (RAS). Experimental comparison (using deep convolutional networks for classification of the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets) of RAS against SGD and against another sampling method in the state of the art, shows that RAS achieves relative improvements of the training process, without incurring significant overhead or affecting the accuracy of the networks.
Percentage of Unvaccinated children and factors associated with Immunization among children presenting to pediatric hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan, 2020.
Authors: Kirkisawi Naila Mubarak , Abdallah Ahmed Al Muhtadi Abdulatti , Shiekh Akram Khalid Al Tigany Al , Musa Khattab Ibrahim Mohamed , Allah.Eljack Moh.Mah.Fadel , Alfatih Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Vaccination prevents two to three million deaths annually, nevertheless, in 2018; 20 million children missed out on lifesaving measles, diphtheria, and tetanus vaccines. In 2019, in Sudan, approximately 39000 children missed those vaccines too. The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of unvaccinated children in three major pediatrics hospitals in Khartoum state and to assess the possible factors associated with the vaccination status.Methods: We conducted an analytic cross-sectional study from 9/12/2020 to 16/12/2020 period in the selected hospitals. The study population was all children admitted to the chosen hospitals. Total coverage method was used for sampling. The questionnaire targeted assessment of the vaccination status and the potential factors associated with it. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the demographic characteristics while Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the factors associated with vaccination. Results: A total of 111 patients were included, of which 29 (26.1%) were unvaccinated. We found a statistically significant association between the child vaccination status and: Residence (P value<0.001), with higher percentage of unvaccinated children in rural areas; Mother’s level of education (P value <0.001) and, mother’s access to Antenatal care (P value = 0.018). We also found a significant association between the vaccination status and the possession of a vaccination card (P value<0.001), with 88.8% of the children having a vaccination card being fully vaccinated compared to 13.6% among those who don’t. An additional significant association was found between the vaccination status and the proximity of the vaccination center (P value<0.001) with those living near a vaccination center having a higher percentage of vaccination (79.6%) compared to 30.8% among those who need to travel to get vaccinated.Conclusion: Our study showed that a considerable portion of the participants were not fully vaccinated, the most important factors associated with unvaccination including the residence, mother’s education, and the possession of a vaccination card, and finally, the proximity of the vaccination center, indicating that financial and infrastructural factors may also play a role in preventing vaccination.Recommendations: Further nation-wide studies are needed to study the vaccination coverage in Sudan, and to further explore additional factors that are associated with vaccination in order to target them specifically and hopefully reach the goal of full vaccination coverage in Sudan.
Ações educativas de nutrição e saúde com adolescentes em um colégio de aplicação: uma experiência de extensão universitária
Authors: DUTRA Luiza , COELHO Lara Carvalho , OLIVEIRA Alexsandra Samara de , LOPES Sílvia Oliveira , PINTO Carina Aparecida , ABRANTES Lívia Carvalho Sette , PRIORE Silvia Eloiza
Published: October 2021

O artigo relata uma experiência em extensão universitária realizada com adolescentes de um colégio de aplicação, com metodologias ativas para promoção de ações de saúde e nutrição. O projeto, dividido em 3 fases, conta com a participação de graduandos de Nutrição e Enfermagem e pós-graduandos Nutrição. Dentro de 15 anos de execução, 1834 alunos passaram pelo projeto, destes 50,65% (n= 929) eram do sexo feminino. O projeto gerou ainda 48 resumos, 3 artigos, uma dissertação e 3 trabalhos de conclusão de curso, enaltecendo a relação transformadora entre universidade e sociedade.
Extending Information On Museum Artefacts Through Augmented Reality: Indonesian National Museum Case
Authors: Dirgantoro Bayu Prakoso , Martinez Jude Joseph Lamug
Published: October 2021

Jakarta has 62 well-maintained museums but most are still conventional in the way that they mostly display objects or collections with accompanying written information and interactive media is still very limited.[1] In Indonesia, museum curators and managers need to be more creative in presenting objects and information to increase the number of visitors [2].The difficulty of luring visitors to museums has even became a national issue and problem:[1] the Indonesian government considers it as a matter that needs to be addressed. [3, 4] In 2010, the Association of Museums in Indonesia (AMI) and the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy declared it the Year of Visiting the Museum [5] as part of the National Movement to Love Museums, which lasted until 2014 [1]. The strategic efforts from the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy were then followed up with the introduction of national programs such as Revitalizing Indonesian Museum [5]. Museums should be a place to enhance the learning experience, sharing knowledge, as well as a place to study and conduct research [5]. Here, the museum is required not only as a means of public learning, but must also be able to support the development of study centers in universities [5]. Therefore, adding interactive media using Augmented Reality to Indonesian museums will increase the interest in learning about the local culture and heritage of Indonesia among the Indonesian population, especially students.
Game Prototype for Daily English Practice
Authors: Ali Chaidir , Thiodorus Ronald , Manuaba Ida Bagus Kerthyayana
Published: October 2021

English language is one of many languages which has been used to communicate around the world. In era of global competition, where most people do interaction borderless, language plays an important role as communication tool. However, many people in the countries where English is a second language, where they rarely speak English in daily life, it could cause lack of confidence which is leading them to be left behind in global competition. In forestall this issue, it is important for people to practice English since early stages of education and use it in daily activity. This paper proposes an alternative solution to improve confidence in learning English in fun way. By creating educational game that can be played in daily activity, it is expected could help people, especially young generation, to improve confidence in practicing English.