bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on preoperative treatment of acute Type-A aortic dissection with endotracheal intubation combined with deep analgesia and sedation
Authors: Khan Asfandyar , Chaoen Luo , Fan Hu , Shuangxi He , Qiaoling Liu , Lei Zhengwen
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of endotracheal intubation combined with deep analgesia and sedation in the prevention of preoperative dissection rupture in acute Standford type A aortic dissection.

Methods: This study evaluated the impact of preoperative endotracheal intubation combined with deep analgesia and sedation on acute Stanford Type-A aortic dissection. Conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China’s cardiac intensive care unit from June 2018 to December 2021, 134 diagnosed patients participated. They were divided into experimental (n=42) and control (n=92) groups. Data collected included clinical details, biochemical markers, VAS and SAS scores, and preoperative dissection rupture occurrences. Criteria involved acute Stanford Type-A aortic dissection diagnosis and complete data. Exclusions encompassed rupture, vital sign instability after vasoactive drugs, or prolonged coma. Standardized methods were used for sample collection and analysis. The study’s design, duration, and location ensured comprehensive evaluation of the intervention’s effects on patients.

Results: The experimental group showed significantly fewer deaths due to dissection rupture compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Initial VAS and SAS scores (T0) were similar between groups (P > 0.05), indicating good comparability. However, at T1, T2, and T3, analgesia and sedation were significantly better in the experimental group (P < 0.05). By T4, patient numbers were too low in both groups for a significant difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Preoperative endotracheal intubation combined with deep analgesia and sedation in patients with acute Stanford Type-A aortic dissection can produce good analgesic and sedative effects, effectively reduce the incidence of preoperative dissection rupture, and create conditions for subsequent surgical treatment of patients.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8107

How to cite this: Chaoen L, Khan A, Fan H, Shuangxi H, Qiaoling L, Lei Z. Study on preoperative treatment of acute Type-A aortic dissection with endotracheal intubation combined with deep analgesia and sedation. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8107

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
New records, host, and plant symptoms description of the recently reported Delia sanctijacobi (Bigot) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in Brazil
Authors: Gomes Lucas Roberto Pereira , Geremias Leandro Delalibera , Zawadneak Maria Aparecida Cassilha , Lins-Junior Juracy Caldeira , De Souza Gonçalves Paulo Antônio , Barros de Carvalho Claudio José
Published: November 2023

Delia Robineau-Desvoidy, composed of flies popularly known as root maggot flies, is a diverse genus with unclear delimitation. It comprises polyphagous species and some important agricultural pests. Delia sanctijacobi (Bigot) is native to South America, occurring in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay; the larvae are commonly known as “potato worms” and have been misidentified as Delia platura (Meigen) in Brazil. Delia sanctijacobi attacks the seeds and seedlings of several plants of commercial importance. We present new geographic records of D. sanctijacobi in Brazil and describe the damage caused by their larvae on commercial bean and onion in Paraná and Santa Catarina between 2019-2022. Delia Robineau-Desvoidy, composed of flies popularly known as root maggot flies, is a diverse genus with unclear delimitation. It comprises polyphagous species and some important agricultural pests. Delia sanctijacobi (Bigot) is native to South America, occurring in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay; the larvae are commonly known as “potato worms” and have been misidentified as Delia platura (Meigen) in Brazil. Delia sanctijacobi attacks the seeds and seedlings of several plants of commercial importance. We present new geographic records of D. sanctijacobi in Brazil and describe the damage caused by their larvae on commercial bean and onion in Paraná and Santa Catarina between 2019-2022.
Revoicing the Forbidden: The Yishuv, Yiddish Films, and Hebrew Dubbing
Authors: Nahshon Edna
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This essay focuses on the compulsory Hebrew-language dubbing of Yiddish sound films during 1930s and 1940s in Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948). The term “dub” is a shortened version of the word “double” and denotes the practice of supplanting a film’s original language with another, mostly (though not exclusively) for translation purposes. Hebrew dubbing was a practical compromise that made it possible for Yiddish films to be screened in Palestine, albeit not in their original tongue. This was an arrangement that bridged the gap between the rigid ideological language restrictions commanded by the Hebraist leadership of the Yishuv, and the general population’s desire to enjoy films that represented a culture beloved by many. The topic of enforced dubbing, standing at the intersection of national language policy and popular entertainment, showcases the tension between the ideal of total Hebraization and the consumption of foreign-language cultural products.
Alkenylcopper Reagents Prepared from Stereodefined Alkenylboronate Esters. Reaction with Allylic Halides as a Convenient Route to Stereodefined 1,4-Dienes
Authors: Bhat Narayan G.
Published: November 2023

The stereo-defined synthesis of 1,4-dienes based on in situ generated stereo-defined alkenylcopper reagents is presented. The hydroboration of alkynes with dibromoborane-methyl sulfide complex followed by treatment with trimethylene glycol provides stable (E)-1-alkenylboronate esters. These boronate esters readily undergo “ate” complexes with a hindered base such as potassium-tert.-butoxide. The transmetalation of the alkenyl group from boron to copper via the “ate”  complexes retains the original stereochemistry defined from the starting alkenylboronate esters. The effect of representative bases on stereodefined alkenylboronate esters and subsequent reaction of these boronate esters in the transmetalation reaction with copper(I) bromidemethyl sulfide is investigated. The resulting stereo-defined alkenyl copper species generated in situ readily couple with allylic bromide to give the corresponding 1,4-dienes with retention of stereochemistry. Since (Z)-1-alkenylboronate esters are easily accessible, both cisand trans-isomeric 1,4-dienes are synthesized.
From the Berlin Wall to the Great Wall: Payment Transactions and Financing of Business between West Germany and Communist China, 1949 to 1972
Authors: He Fei
Published: November 2023

Over two decades from 1949 until the resumption of the diplomatic relations between these two countries in 1972, West German companies never gave up on the Chinese market despite substantial difficulties caused by Cold War frictions. This paper exams the payment transactions and terms of credits for financing industrial projects between the PRC and West German companies.
“Mapping and projecting otherness in media discourse of the Russia–Ukraine war”
Authors: Strukowska Marta E.
Published: November 2023

This paper shows how otherness, having a negative representation potential, is covered in media discourse with a focus on the first day of the Russia–Ukraine war. In this article, I specifically investigate the representation of otherness that weaves the web of relations within the “us versus them” narrative espoused most strongly by Teun A. Van Dijk (1992. Discourse and the denial of racism. Discourse and Society 3. 87–118, 2002. Discourse and racism. In David Goldberg & John Solomos (eds.), The Blackwell companion to racial and ethnic studies, 145–159. Oxford: Blackwell) and further developed within the premises of a proximisation theory (e.g., Cap 2013. Proximization: The pragmatics of symbolic distance crossing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; Chilton 2004. Analysing political discourse: Theory and practice. London: Routledge). This framework concerns the positive self-representation of Ukraine and its performance contrasted with Russia’s negative other-presentation. Following this account, otherness serves as means of legitimising media actions as preventive measures taken to inform society about the past, create the present state of the world through assertions (Dunmire 2011. Projecting the future through political discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins; Searle 2010. Making the social world: The structure of human civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press) which endorse media credibility and predict future outcomes with respect to the horror of the unfolding war. This study argues that the representation of otherness takes place at the proximisation level of certain lexico-grammatical choices that are used strategically by media to cover the narrative of a “permanent military standby” and the “immediacy of otherness”.
Residual Generative Adversarial Adaptation Network For The Classification Of Melanoma
Authors: S. Gowthami  , R. Harikumar
Published: November 2023

The capability of recognizing skin cancer in its earliest stages has the potential to be a component that saves lives. It is of the utmost importance to devise an autonomous technique that can be relied upon for accurate melanoma detection using image analysis. In this paper, Generative adversarial network (GAN) with suitable preprocessing is used to classify the labels for the detection of melanoma skin types. The simulation is run to evaluate the effectiveness of the model about several performance measures, such as accuracy, precision, recall, f-measure, percentage error, Dice coefficient, and Jaccard index. These are all performance measures that are taken into consideration. These metrics for measuring achievement are as follows: The results of the simulations make it exceedingly clear that the proposed TE-SAAGAN is more effective than the existing GAN protocols when it comes to recognizing the test images.
A Graph-Based PPO Approach in Multi-UAV Navigation for Communication Coverage
Authors: Jiang Zhiling , Chen Yining , Wang Ke , Yang Bowei , Song Guanghua
Published: November 2023

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is widely used to solve various problems in real life. In the multi-agent reinforcement learning tasks, there are multiple agents in the environment, the existing Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm can be applied to multi-agent reinforcement learning. However, it cannot deal with the communication problem between agents. In order to resolve this issue, we propose a Graph-based PPO algorithm, this approach can solve the communication problem between agents and it can enhance the exploration efficiency of agents in the environment and speed up the learning process. We apply our algorithms to the task of multi-UAV navigation for communication coverage to verify the functionality and performance of our proposed algorithms.
Energy Saving Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Minimum Spanning Hyper Tree
Authors: Han Hongzhang , Shi Peizhong
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), designing energy-efficient routing protocols has become essential to prolong network lifetime. This paper proposes a minimum spanning tree-based energy-saving routing algorithm for WSNs. First, sensor nodes are clustered using the LEACH protocol and minimum spanning trees are constructed within clusters and between cluster heads. The spanning tree edge weights are optimized considering transmission energy, residual energy, and energy consumption rate. This avoids channel competition and improves transmission efficiency. An energy-saving routing model is then built whereby deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents calculate paths optimizing the energy utilization rate. The DRL reward function integrates network performance metrics like energy consumption, delay, and packet loss. Experiments show the proposed approach leads to 10-15W lower average switch energy consumption compared to existing methods. The throughput is high since overloaded shortest paths are avoided. The average path length is close to shortest path algorithms while maintaining energy efficiency. In summary, the proposed minimum spanning tree-based routing algorithm successfully achieves energy-saving goals for WSNs while guaranteeing network performance. It provides an efficient and adaptive routing solution for resource-constrained WSNs.
Informing Users about Data Imputation: Exploring the Design Space for Dealing With Non-Responses
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ananya , Song Haochen , Wu Xuening , Tomlinson Justice , Reza Mohi , Chowdhury Akmar Ehsan , Deliu Nina , Price Thomas W. , Williams Joseph Jay
Published: November 2023

Machine learning algorithms often require quantitative ratings from users to effectively predict helpful content. When these ratings are unavailable, systems make implicit assumptions or imputations to fill in the missing information; however, users are generally kept unaware of these processes. In our work, we explore ways of informing the users about system imputations, and experiment with imputed ratings and various explanations required by users to correct imputations. We investigate these approaches through the deployment of a text messaging probe to 26 participants to help them manage psychological wellbeing. We provide quantitative results to report users' reactions to correct vs incorrect imputations and potential risks of biasing their ratings. Using semi-structured interviews with participants, we characterize the potential trade-offs regarding user autonomy, and draw insights about alternative ways of involving users in the imputation process. Our findings provide useful directions for future research on communicating system imputation and interpreting user non-responses.
Collect, Measure, Repeat: Reliability Factors for Responsible AI Data Collection
Authors: Inel Oana , Draws Tim , Aroyo Lora
Published: November 2023

The rapid entry of machine learning approaches in our daily activities and high-stakes domains demands transparency and scrutiny of their fairness and reliability. To help gauge machine learning models' robustness, research typically focuses on the massive datasets used for their deployment, e.g., creating and maintaining documentation for understanding their origin, process of development, and ethical considerations. However, data collection for AI is still typically a one-off practice, and oftentimes datasets collected for a certain purpose or application are reused for a different problem. Additionally, dataset annotations may not be representative over time, contain ambiguous or erroneous annotations, or be unable to generalize across issues or domains. Recent research has shown these practices might lead to unfair, biased, or inaccurate outcomes. We argue that data collection for AI should be performed in a responsible manner where the quality of the data is thoroughly scrutinized and measured through a systematic set of appropriate metrics. In this paper, we propose a Responsible AI (RAI) methodology designed to guide the data collection with a set of metrics for an iterative in-depth analysis of the factors influencing the quality and reliability of the generated data. We propose a granular set of measurements to inform on the internal reliability of a dataset and its external stability over time. We validate our approach across nine existing datasets and annotation tasks and four content modalities. This approach impacts the assessment of data robustness used for AI applied in the real world, where diversity of users and content is eminent. Furthermore, it deals with fairness and accountability aspects in data collection by providing systematic and transparent quality analysis for data collections.
Characterizing Time Spent in Video Object Tracking Annotation Tasks: A Study of Task Complexity in Vehicle Tracking
Authors: Rechkemmer Amy , Williams Alex C. , Lease Matthew , Li Li Erran
Published: November 2023

Video object tracking annotation tasks are a form of complex data labeling that is inherently tedious and time-consuming. Prior studies of these tasks focus primarily on quality of the provided data, leaving much to be learned about how the data was generated and the factors that influenced how it was generated. In this paper, we take steps toward this goal by examining how human annotators spend their time in the context of a video object tracking annotation task. We situate our study in the context of a standard vehicle tracking task with bounding box annotation. Within this setting, we study the role of task complexity by controlling two dimensions of task design -- label constraint and label granularity -- in conjunction with worker experience. Using telemetry and survey data collected from 40 full-time data annotators at a large technology corporation, we find that each dimension of task complexity uniquely affects how annotators spend their time not only during the task, but also before it begins. Furthermore, we find significant misalignment in how time-use was observed and how time-use was self-reported. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings in the context of video object tracking and the need to better understand how productivity can be defined in data annotation.
Sequential method conformal mappings
Authors: Soninbayar Jambaa
Published: November 2023

The well-known, very important Schwarz–Christoffel integral does not yet completely solve the problem of mapping a half-plane onto a predetermined polygon. This integral includes parameters (inverse images of the polygon), the relationship of which with the lengths of the edges of the polygon is not known in advance. The main difficulty in using the Schwarz–Christoffel formula lies in determining these parameters. If this difficulty can be overcome in some effective way, then the Schwarz–Christoffel formula expands the range of conformally mapped regions so much that it can be considered “universal”, given that the curvilinear boundary of the mapped region can be approximated by a broken line. Thus, together with the Schwarz–Christoffel formula, a new direction in the theory of functions arises - numerical methods of conformal mapping. However, these approximate numerical methods were developed independently of the Schwarz–Christoffel formula.
Revisiting the holstein-primakov transformations
Authors: SO Gladkov
Published: November 2023

It is shown that in addition to the Holstein-Primakov transformations in the theory of magnetism, a number of other transformations can be proposed which also lead to very interesting and consistent results. In particular, with the help of the transformation proposed in the paper for spin operators, it turns out to be possible to strictly analytically calculate the temperature dependence of the ferromagnet magnetization in a wide temperature range from zero and up to the Curie temperature. It is shown that for these transformations in the Curie temperature area, the magnetization tends to zero exponentially. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe magnetization over a wide range of temperatures using a new transformation for electron spin operators.
Proposta de um sistema especialista para identificação de transtornos alimentares
Authors: Rita da Nóbrega Balbino Maria , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de , Bezerra de Sá de Sousa Nogueira Tiago , Ribeiro Suárez Pablo , De Araújo Batista Suárez Larissa , Túlio Caldas Marcus
Published: November 2023

A inteligência Artificial tem se tornado a área mais promissora para o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias. Em especial, sistemas especialistas, que incorporam conhecimento de peritos humanos e são capazes de buscar correlações e causalidade entre dados, são relevantes na obtenção de diagnósticos de transtornos psicológicos, tais como dos transtornos alimentares. Os transtornos alimentares se apresentam cada vez mais comuns na sociedade pós-moderna que valoriza de maneira contundente a imagem física, e sem ferramentas e/ou popularização do tema, o seu diagnóstico é relativamente difícil. Com isto em mente, desenvolve-se no presente trabalho uma proposta de sistema especialista a fim de auxiliar profissionais da área da psicologia e nutrição nos diagnósticos de Transtorno Alimentar - TA, além de realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre os tipos de transtornos alimentares; gerar uma base de conhecimento com os principais sinais e sintomas de TA com base no DSM –V e desenvolver um protótipo para auxiliar na tomada de decisão de diagnósticos relacionados a estes transtornos. Para tal, iniciou-se este trabalho com uma pesquisa bibliográfica, formando a base de conhecimento, utilizando-se desta para implementação própria do Sistema Especialista – SE. Buscando fazê-lo de maneira simplificada, fez-se uso de um software chamado ExpertSINTA, este permite o desenvolvimento de um SE de maneira muito rápida, tendo em vista sua interface que se comunica facilmente com o usuário especialista.
Sustentabilidade ambiental em Instituições de Ensino Superior: uma proposta para implantação de ações e práticas
Authors: Cardoso Marcela da Cruz , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de
Published: November 2023

A atual crise socioambiental está desafiando a sociedade a aderir mudanças nos hábitos de consumo e a se empenharem para uma nova sensibilidade ecológica na qual transmitam ações transformadoras e experiências inspiradoras que apontem novos caminhos para um futuro melhor. Portanto, um dos espaços privilegiados para a transmissão de tais valores são as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), pois se constituem como ambientes capazes de fomentar a execução de ações com abordagens mais sustentáveis, visando uma formação não apenas sistêmica, mas integral e humanizadora. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo propor uma cartilha com orientações sobre ações e práticas sustentáveis que possam ser implantadas em IES. A metodologia utilizada para alcançar os resultados tratou-se de um estudo exploratório e pesquisas bibliográficas, que direcionaram para a importância da adoção de práticas sustentáveis em IES e, posteriormente, confecção do texto, layout e imagens do conteúdo proposto na cartilha. A cartilha foi dividida em tópicos: 1. Práticas sustentáveis: o que são?; 2. Importância nos ambientes educacionais; 3. Educação para Sustentabilidade (EpS); 4. Propostas de alguns caminhos a serem seguidos; 5. Sustentabilidade na Instituição; 6. Caso de sucesso com vistas a inspirar outras instituições a seguirem um caminho sustentável. Para cada componente descreveram-se textos acompanhados de ilustrações. É necessário, portanto, que Faculdades e Universidades abram cada vez mais novos espaços nos quais sejam possíveis discussões que estimulem interações participativas voltadas para a educação sobre a responsabilidade ambiental, a inserção de práticas sustentáveis e o compromisso como cuidadores da Casa Comum, a nossa mãe Terra.
A method for obtaining aqueous and dry ethanol extracts of grass (a mixture of flowers with leaves) and a stalk of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) with inhibitory activity on the replication of the SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus in vitro
Authors: Каzachinskaia Е. I. , Коnonova Yu. V. , Ivanova A. V. , Zibareva L. N. , Chepurnov А. А. , Romanyuk V. V. , Biibolatov A. A. , Gulyaeva М. А. , Shestopalov А. М.
Published: November 2023

Aim. In vitro evaluation of the inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts and dry ethanol extracts of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 according to three experimental schemes – direct inactivation (neutralisation) of the virus as well as "prevention" and "treatment" of cells.Materials and Methods. The laboratory strain SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 was passed on Vero cell culture. Water extracts and dry ethanol extracts of parts of H. perforatum L. collected during the flowering period in the Novosibirsk region were prepared. Dry extracts were dissolved in DMSO. Comparison samples are dry ethanol extracts of chaga, cloves and black tea.Results. It is shown that the aqueous extract of grass (a mixture of flowers with leaves) of H. perforatum L. with direct inactivation of the virus it is active in dilution of 1/4096. For the dry ethanol extract of the herb H. perforatum L., 50 % effective concentrations (EC50) were found equal to 2.44±0.87; 8.79±1.91 and 14.65±1.91 μg/ml respectively with direct inactivation as well as according to the "preventive" scheme and with the "treatment" of cells. Taking into account cytotoxicity, as well as in comparison with control samples, the values of selective indices (SI50) of the studied herbal preparations during direct inactivation were higher than with other experimental schemes and were distributed as follows (in descending order): 204.92; 153.68; 115.27; 32.01 and 21.33 for dry ethanol extracts of black tea from India, cloves, herbs, a mixture of flowers with leaves, of H. perforatum, chaga and the stems of H. perforatum respectively. The HPLC method has shown that the ethanol extract of the herb H. perforatum L. contains a greater amount of flavonoids than the extract of stems. Nevertheless, antiviral activity was also detected for the extract of stems of this plant with EC50 equal to 14.65±1.91; 78.13±20.05 and 117.19±15.31 μg/ml (according to three experimental schemes), respectively.Conclusion. For the preparation of antiviral drugs the whole plant of H. perforatum L., including stems, can be used as raw materials.
The relevance of using methods of molecular epidemiology of HIV to characterize territorial epidemics: Sakhalin region, Russia
Authors: Osipova I. P. , Totmenin A. V. , Bersenev P. G. , Ilyina E. Yu. , Lomakina E. A. , Gashnikova N. M.
Published: November 2023

Aim. To investigate the molecular-epidemiological characteristics of the territorial distribution of HIV infection in the Sakhalin region.Materials and Methods. A comprehensive analysis of molecular-genetic characteristics of HIV-1 and clinical-epidemiological data of 64 HIV-infected residents of the Sakhalin region was conducted. Nucleotide sequences of the pol gene region encoding protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase of HIV-1 were obtained by sequencing amplified virus fragments. Genotyping, phylogenetic and mutational analyses were performed using specialized software resources.Results. Among the HIV-1 cases studied, the HIV-1 subtype A6 was detected in 81.3 % of cases, with 58.4 % of them reliably clustering into closely related HIV groups, indicating the development of internal epidemic networks of infection transmission. Additionally, HIV-1 CRF63_02A6 and 06_cpx were detected in 4.7 % of cases each, subtype B and B/G in 3.1 %, subtypes C and A1 in 1.6 %. HIV-1 A6, B/G variants, and subtype A1 similar to Mediterranean HIV were detected in the MSM group. In 10.8 % of cases, treatment-naive patients had HIV-1 with the K103N mutation, and in one case, multiple drug resistance was identified.Conclusion. The contemporary territorial epidemic of HIV infection in the Sakhalin region is characterised by the presence of internal epidemic networks and the registration and spread of imported HIV. Key population groups with HIV infection require special attention due to the documented transmission of ART-resistant viruses. Studying the peculiarities of HIV infection spread in individual regions of Russia is important for the development of effective measures aimed at ending HIV transmission in the country.
Variability of morphological traits of Salvia canescens (Lamiaceae) in natural populations of Dagestan, Russia
Authors: Guseynova Z. A.
Published: November 2023

Aim. Study of the structure of intra‐ and interpopulation variability of Salvia canescens C.A. Mey. along an altitudinal gradient.Material and Methods. To study the morphological traits of Salvia canescens, a generative shoot was used as a «module». In four geographically isolated populations of the species, one generative shoot from 30 individuals was taken. 11 signs were taken into account on the shoots. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the Statistica 5.5 program. The levels of variation were assessed according to G.M. Zaitsev.Results. The structure of intra‐ and interpopulation variability of S. canescens, a characteristic representative of mountain‐xerophyte vegetation and an endemic of the Greater Caucasus, was studied. According to the data obtained, the mean values of most of the studied traits of S. canescens increase with altitude. The variability of the studied traits of the species, both intra‐ and interpopulation, has an average and high levels. Most of the traits of S. canescens are positively correlated with each other at the p≤0.05 level. All traits, except for the number of internodes and leaves, are in a positive significant correlation (p≤0.001; p≤0.01) with height above sea level. The results of one‐way ANOVA and regression analyses showed significant differences between populations for most traits of the generative shoot. The maximum differentiation of populations was noted according to the traits «mass of stems» and «mass of inflorescences».Conclusions. The intra‐ and interpopulation variability of the morphological traits of Salvia canescens revealed along the altitudinal gradient is due to the ecological conditions of the species' habitat. The variability of the traits and the increase in the parameters of the generative sphere reflect the adaptation of the species along the altitudinal gradient.
Hemodynamic changes following injection of local anesthesia with
vasoconstrictor agent in controlled hypertensive patients
Authors: Majid Muhsin Noor Alhuda , Saadedeen Abdulrazaq Saif
Published: November 2023

Local anesthesia is considered the most commonly used in dentistry. Vasoconstrictors are added to its composition to maximize its advantages. However, it is considered a tourniquet and acts on beta 1 and 2 receptors. This causes augmentation
of heart rate and blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of vasoconstrictors during simple tooth extraction in controlled hypertensive patients by
monitoring the changes in blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation. A prospective clinical study was carried out in a control group (normotensive patients
n=60) and study group (hypertensive patients) (n=60). The following hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure [diastolic and systolic], heart rate and oxygen
saturation) were monitored at four different time points (before infiltration of local
anesthesia (R1), after 3 minutes of local anesthesia (R2), immediately after extraction (R3) and 25 minutes after local anesthesia infiltration (R4). One carpule of
local anesthesia for each patient was provided in the form of lidocaine 2% with
adrenaline as vasoconstrictor 1/100,000; (3) Results: Mean heart rate increased
from one to four beats per minute in all groups, but the increment was lesser in
hypertensive group. The increase of systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients during (R2, R3 and R4) was significantly lower than in the normotensive
group (p<0.001). The diastolic blood pressure reading fell in the hypertensive
group more than in the normotensive group during (R2, R3 and R4). No changes
in oxygen saturation were recorded between both groups; (4) Conclusions: no adverse effects in well-controlled hypertensive patients were seen during simple
tooth extraction. One carpule of local anesthesia with 1\100,000 adrenaline does
not induce blood pressure augmentation in hypertension patients included in this
study. The changes in heart rate were within the safe limits.
Keywords: local anesthesia, adrenaline, vasoconstrictors, hypertensive patients,
hemodynamic changes.
The Impact of WhatsApp as a Health Education Tool in Albinism: Interventional Study
Authors: Anaje Chetanna Chioma , Okpala Chibuzo Ifeanyi , Enechukwu Nkechi Anne , Ezejiofor Ogochukwu Ifeanyi , Malachy Divinefavour Echezona , Nwiyi Obumneme Kenechukwu
Published: November 2023

Background

Oculocutaneous albinism is a congenital disorder that causes hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes due to a lack of melanin. People with albinism are at increased risk of developing skin complications, such as solar keratosis and skin cancers, leading to higher morbidity. As education is crucial in managing albinism, leveraging information technology, such as WhatsApp, can provide an effective intervention for digital health education.

Objective

This study aims to assess the impact of WhatsApp as a tool for providing health education among people with albinism.

Methods

The design of the study was interventional. The intervention consisted of weekly health education sessions conducted in a WhatsApp group for the duration of 4 weeks. The topics discussed were knowledge of albinism, sun protection practices, the use of sunscreen, and myths about albinism. They were all covered in 4 WhatsApp sessions held in 4 separate days. A web-based questionnaire was filled out before and after the intervention by the participants. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the pre- and postknowledge scores. Spearman correlation was used to correlate data.

Results

The mean age of the study participants was 28.28 (SD 11.57) years. The number of participants was 140 in the preintervention period and 66 in the postintervention period. A statistically significant increase in overall knowledge (P=.01), knowledge of sunscreen (P=.01), and knowledge of sun protection (P<.01) was observed following the intervention. Before the intervention, a positive correlation was observed between age (r=0.17; P=.03) and education level (r=0.19; P=.02) with participants’ overall knowledge. However, after the intervention, there was no significant correlation between knowledge and age or education level. A percentage increase of 5.23% was observed in the overall knowledge scores following the intervention.

Conclusions

WhatsApp is an effective tool for educating people with albinism and can act as an alternative to the conventional methods of health education. It shows promising outcomes irrespective of the health literacy level of people with albinism. This educational intervention can positively impact behavior change and translate to consistent sun protection practices. The limitations of this study include the possibility of social desirability bias and data security.
Експресія CD34 у тканинах сітківки та вплив блокади тирозинових протеїнкіназ при діабетичній ретинопатії
Authors: Vodianyk V.V.
Published: November 2023

Актуальність. Ангіогенез у сітківці відіграє ключову роль у розвитку та прогресуванні діабетичної ретинопатії (ДР). Ендотеліальні клітини-попередники, що беруть участь у проліферації судин, ідентифікують за допомогою антитіл до CD34, який є маркером ангіогенезу за умов ДР. Мета дослідження: вивчити експресію CD34 у тканинах сітківки та вплив на неї блокади тирозинових протеїнкіназ при розвитку експериментальної діабетичної ретинопатії. Матеріали та методи. У 45 тримісячних щурів-самців лінії Wistar моделювали цукровий діабет шляхом одноразового введення стрептозотоцину в дозі 50 мг/кг (Sigma-Aldrich, Китай). Щурів було розподілено на 3 групи: контрольна, із введенням простого інсуліну і з комбінованим введенням інсуліну й іматинібу в дозі 20 мг/кг у вигляді саше per os (Grindeks, Латвія). Імуногістохімічно у сітківці виявляли CD34 (Thermo Fisher Scietific, США). Результати. Розвиток ДР проявлявся вираженими дегенеративними змінами нервових клітин, що відбувалися на тлі порушень мікроциркуляції у вигляді ішемії, набряку й інтраретинальних судинних аномалій. CD34-позитивні клітини виявлялися: через 7 діб у судинах хоріоїдального сплетення, через 14 діб у розширених судинах шару гангліонарних клітин і через 21 добу у зовнішньому плексіформному шарі. Інтенсивність їх забарвлення збільшувалася. Через 28 діб у контрольній групі поряд з активним ангіогенезом у судинах шару гангліонарних клітин та хоріоїдального сплетення відмічено утворення фіброваскулярних проліфератів, які поширювалися на внутрішній і зовнішній ядерні шари з тенденцією до радіального проростання у навколишні шари сітківки. Введення інсуліну та, більшою мірою, комбінації інсуліну з іматинібом гальмувало розвиток ДР, знижувало інтенсивність CD34-позитивного забарвлення у судинах сітківки та запобігало утворенню фіброваскулярних проліфератів. Висновки. Таким чином, проведене дослідження встановило особливості ангіогенезу й утворення фіброваскулярних проліфератів у сітківці за умов експериментального стрептозотоцинового діабету у щурів. Показаний позитивний вплив блокади тирозинових протеїнкіназ іматинібом щодо встановлених патологічних процесів.
Оцінка стану мікроциркуляції центральної зони сітківки при різних ступенях тяжкості діабетичного макулярного набряку у пацієнтів з цукровим діабетом 2-го типу
Authors: Suk S.
Published: November 2023

Мета роботи полягала в оцінці зв’язку коефіцієнта мікроциркуляції сітківки, отриманого за даними ОКТА, з прогресуванням ступеня тяжкості діабетичного макулярного набряку (ДМН). Обстежено 82 пацієнти з ЦД 2-го типу (145 очей), розділених на 4 групи відповідно до ступеня тяжкості ДМН. Середній вік пацієнтів становив 65,25 ± 10,85 року, середня тривалість діабету — 14,0 ± 7,05 року, середній рівень HbA1с — 8,40 ± 1,58 %. Контрольну групу становили 20 здорових пацієнтів (40 очей), порівнянних за віком з досліджуваною групою. Коефіцієнт мікроциркуляції (КМ) розраховувався за співвідношенням площі фовеолярної аваскулярної зони та капілярної щільності на бінаризованих знімках ОКТА. Пограничним значенням для КМ поверхневого капілярного сплетення визначено 0,076, а для глибокого капілярного сплетення — 0,025. За допомогою однофакторного дисперсійного і регресійного аналізу було встановлено, що при збільшенні ступеня тяжкості ДМН починаючи зі стадії ДМН 1 значення коефіцієнта мікроцир­куляції як у поверхневому, так і у глибокому капілярному сплетенні вірогідно збільшувалось (p < 0,05) порівняно з контрольною групою та попередньою стадією тяжкості ДМН, що вказувало на зростання рівня ішемії, а це негативно впливало на прогноз зорових функцій.
Перенапруження зорового аналізатора в професійній патології
Authors: Tkachyshyn V.S.
Published: November 2023

На сучасному етапі існує багато видів робіт, які потребують високої точності виконання та супроводжуються тривалим перевантаженням органа зору. Аналогічно виникає значне навантаження на орган зору при роботі з відеодисплейними терміналами. З часом у таких осіб розвивається міопія (прогресуюча короткозорість). Вона обумовлена процесом виробництва, згідно з переліком професійних захворювань. Основним симптомом професійної короткозорості є зниження гостроти зору, що і є підґрунтям для діагностики. Сюди додаються особливості умов праці. Для встановлення професійного характеру ураження органа зору необхідно, щоб під контролем зору виконувалося 80–90 % усіх трудових операцій. Має значення розмір деталей і зайнятість такими роботами до 60 % робочого часу. Зорово-напружені роботи, що пов’язані з безперервним стеженням за екраном відеодисплейних терміналів (дисплеїв), поділяються на менше і більше ніж 4 години (за 8-годинну зміну). Прогноз сприятливий лише при ранній діагностиці патологічного процесу. Профілактика полягає в проведенні періодичних медичних оглядів згідно із затвердженим порядком.
Аналіз інтраопераційних та післяопераційних ускладнень сучасних технологій ексимерлазерної корекції міопії
Authors: Panchenko Y.O. , Putienko O.O. , Kosuba S.I.
Published: November 2023

Актуальність. Загальна поширеність міопії найбільш висока в країнах з високим рівнем доходу: в Азіатсько-Тихоокеанському регіоні (53,4 %), за яким йде Східна Азія (51,6 %) [2, 14]. Серед підлітків у міських районах Китаю і Південної Кореї показники досягають 67 і 97 % відповідно. Поширеність нескоректованих порушень зору удалину у багатьох регіонах з низьким і середнім рівнем доходу, за оцінками, у чотири рази вища, ніж у регіонах з високим рівнем доходу. Розвиток офтальмологічного устаткування і технологій дозволяє використати масу методів лазерної корекції зору залежно від показань і апаратної доступності. Найбільш ефективними є LASIK, SMILE і Femto-LASIK. Проте, як і будь-якому іншому лазерному втручанню, цим методам властиві операційні і післяопераційні ускладнення. Мета: проаналізувати інтраопераційні та післяопераційні ускладнення сучасних технологій ексимерлазерної корекції (ЕЛК) міопії. Матеріали та методи. Під нашим спостереженням було 117 пацієнтів (234 ока), 57 чоловіків і 60 жінок віком 19–41 рік з міопією різного ступеня тяжкості. На 175 очах був складний міопічний астигматизм до 3,5 D. Ці пацієнти становили дві групи спостереження. Перша — 62 пацієнти (124 ока), друга — 55 пацієнтів (110 очей). Усім пацієнтам виконані загальноприйняті офтальмологічні дослідження. Усім пацієнтам було виконано ЕЛК методом LASIK з використанням мікрокератома Zyoptix XP (Bausch & Lomb) для формування клаптя, товщиною 120 мкм, та ексимерного лазера MEL 90 (Carl Zeiss Meditec) досвідченим хірургом (перша група спостереження) та хірургом, який щойно пройшов навчання стандартизованій хірургічній техніці LASIK (друга група). Тривалість спостереження 6 місяців. Результати. У нашому дослідженні ми порівнювали результати міопічної корекції LASIK між досвідченим хірургом і хірургом-початківцем, щоб оцінити криву навчання при виконанні LASIK та вплив на частоту виникнення ускладнень хірургічних навичок лікаря. Частота інтраопераційних та післяопераційних ускладнень в обох групах спостереження не перевищувала 15,4 %. Відмічалась статистично значима різниця у частоті інтраопераційних ускладнень між двома групами. У першій групі відмічалась статистично менша частота ускладнень у ході операції. Статистично значимо менша частота післяопераційних ускладнень спостерігалася в першій групі, що також вказує на вагомий вплив хірургічних навичок при виконанні LASIK. Висновки. 1. У результаті проведеного нами дослідження було встановлено, що частота інтраопераційних та післяопераційних ускладнень не перевищувала 15,4 % в обох групах спостереження. 2. Ускладнення, що виникали у пацієнтів, не призводили до значного негативного впливу на функціональний результат і зниження якості життя пацієнтів. 3. Стандартизована хірургічна технологія ЕЛК за методом LASIK є безпечною і прогнозованою для пацієнтів з міопією навіть при виконанні хірургом-початківцем.
The Impact of Music Education on the Academic Achievement of Chinese Primary School Students
Authors: Anqi Zuo
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, it is widely acknowledged worldwide that music education is a beneficial activity for students’ cognitive, social, and emotional development (Ho, 2021). However, there is limited empirical evidence on how music education affects academic achievement in primary schools, especially in China. The aim of this literature review is to examine the existing research on the impact of music education on the academic achievement of primary school students in China, focusing on three aspects of music education: instrument-vocal training, music composition and music appreciation. The review synthesised the results of different research approaches and highlighted the importance of music education in enhancing Chinese primary school students’ motivation, creativity, and self-esteem, as well as in promoting cultural diversity and social harmony (Bao, 2020; Wang, 2021). Limitations of the current literature are then discussed and directions for future research are suggested, concluding that the main conclusion - that music education has a relatively positive impact on academic achievement in Chinese primary schools - requires more rigorous and comprehensive research to explore the underlying mechanisms and contextual factors that influence this relationship.
Covid 19 Pandemic Response of the Local Governments in Kalinga
Authors: M. Duyan Juan Moshe
Published: November 2023

This descriptive research aimed to is to assess the responses of Provincial LGU with the DILG issuance on Covid 19 to aid in the proposal of a multidimensional revitalization plan which the local government of Kalinga may utilize in its continues fight against Covid 19. The assessment of both the implementers and beneficiaries of the two Memorandum Circulars issued by DILG relating to Covid 19 implies that the Provincial Government of Kalinga as the implementer was able to comply at a rate that is acceptable to the beneficiaries. However, the assessment of both types of participants on the Support of LGUs to Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries’ Organizations (ARBOs) amidst the Covid 19 Pandemic and Community Quarantine Period were not fully complied with or were not properly executed by the implementers. The major problem or challenge encountered by the Provincial Local Government Unit is the lack of localized guideline in the implementation of Covid policies because no assessment in the local setting was made. It is therefore recommended that a Multidimensional Revitalization Plan may be adopted to enhance the effectiveness of the Provincial LGU in its response to Covid 19. The plan includes the following proposals: Increasing Inclusivity in Public Access to Government Information about Covid 19, Enhanced Covid 19 Prevention Strategies, and the Implementation of the Sagip Saka Act in Kalinga.
Forest Monitoring and Fire Detection System
Authors: Bora Shradha
Published: November 2023

Forest fires/Wildfires are the most common disaster in forests which lead to severe destruction of forest wealth, natural habitat and bio-diversity. Our concept is to create a system which will help in early detection of forest fire by measuring natural factors which lead to forest fire. Our Forest Monitoring and Fire Detection System uses various sensors like heat, smoke, wind, temperature and humidity to predict and detect forest fire on an early basis. The sensors are connected to Esp8266 wi-fi module which after detecting sends data to cloud. The cloud then sends the data to the website. The website displays an alert so that immediate action can be taken. Early detection and preventive measures are necessary to protect forests from fires which will be done using this system.
A Survey on Healthcare Virtual Assistant Using Generative AI
Authors: Falak Prof. D. L.
Published: November 2023

Documentation is a clumsy task for the front- desk staff. They've to fill in patient data, schedule appointments, and attend to patient queries. Even healthcare providers must enter EHR data, which takes a lot of time, and they end up spending lesser time with their patients. In the evolving landscape of healthcare administration, the burden of administrative tasks continues to challenge healthcare professionals and institutions. However, with generative AI, doctors can produce clones of patient data and automate form- filling tasks. It can also be integrated with EHR for documentation work. This project introduces a result — a generative artificial intelligence (AI) system designed to ease administrative burdens and enhance operating efficiency. By employing the power of AI, this web- grounded platform aims to streamline administrative processes, automate routine tasks, and facilitate absolute communication between patients, medical staff, and administrative personnel.
Are Within-Sex Mating Strategy Phenotypes an Evolutionary Stable Strateg?
Authors: Wlodarski Rafael , Dunbar Robin I. M.
Published: November 2023

Humans have been found to display considerable variety in their pursuit of mating strategies, varying in their preference for short-term mating encounters versus established long-term relationships. While we know that differences in mating strategy exist between the two sexes (as predicted by parental investment theory), it has recently been shown that each sex may further exhibit two mating phenotypes. Here we explore the possibility that the presence of two phenotypes may be frequency dependent, thus comprising an Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS). We suggest that the presence of these phenotypes reflects a compromise between male preference for promiscuity and a female preference in favour of long-term mating by males.