bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Influences of High-Speed Milling Parameters on Surface Work-Hardening
Authors: Pan Jian Xin , Li Qiang
Published: March 2013

The orthogonal experiments of end milling were designed. Workpiece surfaces hardening were studied in high-speed milling. The results indicate that the degree of surface work-hardening in high-speed milling 8407 mold-steel is lower than that in conventional speed milling;By choosing the appropriate cutting parameters, to improve the surface quality of the workpieces and the processing efficiency is beneficial;Through changing the high-speed milling parameters to control the work hardening, the effect is not so obvious.
Fabrication Methods for Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Review
Authors: Baharuddin Nurul Akidah , Muchtar Andanastuti , Sulong Abu Bakar , Abdullah Huda
Published: March 2013

As an environmentally friendly technology, the fuel cell is one of the alternative technologies that can replace fossil fuels. Various types of fuel cells are available in the market, including the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The planar and tubular designs of SOFC are the leading designs mentioned in the literature. Several factors such as manufacturing cost, manufacturing process and production scale differentiate between the two main designs. Each cell component can be produced using a number of methods, two of which are the most common, namely dry pressing and screen printing techniques for the making of planar SOFC. This paper thus reviews several works that have utilized each of the fabricating methods mentioned. The processing steps, technical parameters, and results, such as the maximum power density of each method are discussed.
Influence of Fly Ash on the Properties of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement
Authors: Jin Yu Jie , Xiao Li Guang , Luo Feng
Published: March 2013

The influence of dosage of fly ash on the properties of magnesium oxychloride cement was studied in this paper. The results indicated that the compressive strength of magnesium oxychloride cement remained unchanged when the dosage of fly ash was 5%. The compressive strength of magnesium oxychloride cement declined when the dosage of fly ash between 10%-30%. Fly ash can enhance the water-repellency of magnesium oxychloride cement and the softening coefficient was about 0.90.
Optimization of the Heating Conditions in the Production Process of High Gel Strength Egg White Powder
Authors: Xu Wei , Chi Yu Jie , Hong Yu Miao
Published: March 2013

In order to produce high gel strength egg white powder, Box-Behnken model was used to optimize the heating conditions in dry state of egg white protein production process. The gel properties of egg white powder were determined in various conditions. Results showed that the optimized conditions of heating conditions as follows: 84.8°C of temperature, 10.3 days of heating time, 10.3 % of relative humidity. Gel hardness of egg white powder increased from 408.36 g to 952.62 g through this treatment under the conditions. A tight and more uniform network with constant stability was observed in the gel of egg white powder after heating in SEM (5000×). The results showed that heating in dry state is an efficient method to improve gel properties of egg white powder.
Star Hydrophilic Polymer Brushed Nanoparticles Covalently Tethered on Si(100) Substrates via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)
Authors: Peng Jin Wen , Liu Zhen Fan , Mo Riu Hua , Zhong Yuan Wei , Qin Jie , Deng Wei Xing
Published: March 2013

Covalently tethered well-defined new three-arm star hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) brushed nanoparticles on silicon surface have been successfully prepared by (i) synthesis a novel type of three-arm star-shaped preceding initiator, trifunctional hydroxy-based N-allyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide (NATHB), (ii) UV-induced hydrosilylation of NATHB with the hydrogen-termined Si(100) (Si-NATHB surface), (iii) coupling of 2-bromo isobutyrl bromide with the hydroxyl of NATHB by the esterification to provide the initiators (Si–NATHB–R3Br) for the subsequent ATRP, (iv) surface-initiated ATRP of PEGMA and 2-hydroxyethl methacrylate monomethacrylate (HEMA) to give the linear Si–NATHB–g–P(PEGMA) brushes and the Si–NATHB–g–P(HEMA) surface, (v) further coupling of 2-bromo isobutyrl bromide with the hydroxyl of P(HEMA) by the esterification to produce the macroinitiators (Si–NATHB–g–P(HEMA)-R3Br) and (vi) surface-initiated ATRP of PEGMA to give the comb-shaped Si–NATHB–g–P(HEMA)–g–P(PEGMA) brushes surface. Kinetics study indicated that the chain growth of P(PEGMA) and P(HEMA) from the functionalized silicon surfaces was consistent with a “controlled” or “living” process. The chemical composition and functionality of the silicon surface were tailored by the well-defined star linear and comb-shaped P(PEGMA) brushes, which provide with this type of surface structures formed in three brushes under conditions of spatial constraints imposed by their chemical connection to a single grafting site. XPS spectra testify that the linear and comb-shaped P(PEGMA) have been grafted on the Si-NATHB surface. AFM imaging of the hydrophilic polymer brushed nanoparticles imaged distinctive morphology when they were prepared into linear and comb-shaped brushes structure.
Thermodynamic Analysis and Observation of Inclusions in Ferritic Stainless Steel with Rare Earth
Authors: Liu Xiao , Liang Jing Long
Published: March 2013

The effect of RE on modifying inclusions of 430 ferrite stainless steel was studied by metallographic examination, SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 430 ferrite stainless steel. The result shows that sulfide and other irregular inclusions are modified to round or oval-shaped RE2O2S and RES.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnesium Borate Whisker
Authors: Jin Zhi Liang , Jing Xu , Hong Yuan , Nai Xue Ying , Wu Li
Published: March 2013

Being a new whisker products with high performance to price ratio, magnesium borate whiskers with a length of 10 - 50μm and a diameter of 0.5 - 2μm were prepared by molten salt and characterized by XRD, FT - IR, SEM and chemical titration. The experiments show that the synthesis conditions are as follows: raw materials ratio: Mg:B:flux =1:11.05:1-3.5(mol); reaction temperature: 800 - 950°C;reaction time:6 - 10hours; flux: NaCl、KCl or NaOH.
Analysis of Surface Properties of Diamond-Like Carbon Films by a Sputtering Deposition
Authors: Fang Jium , Sheen Maw Tyan , Jean Ming Der
Published: March 2013

A new approach with adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) based on experimental designs was used to model and characterize the tribological behaviors of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited by a magnetron sputtering system. An orthogonal array experiment was introduced and the effects of deposited parameters on the films were systematically explored. The films were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, a group of highly developed hillock-like textures appeared and a lower wear volume loss became visible in the DLC films. Furthermore, the predicted values and experimental results, in which the ANFIS effectively predicts the tribological behaviors of the DLC films, are similar. It was experimentally confirmed the ANFIS predictions agreed with the experiments. Therefore, the experimental results demonstrate the tribological properties on DLC multilayer films are accurately predicted by ANFIS, thereby justifying the reliability and feasibility of the approach.
Numerical Investigation of Cavitating Turbulent Flow in a Francis Turbine Runner Fitted with Splitter Blades
Authors: Zhang Hong Ming , Zhang Li Xiang
Published: March 2013

The paper presents numerical investigation of cavitating turbulent flow in a high head Francis turbine runner fitted with splitter blades at part load operation. Analysis was performed by OpenFOAM code. A mixture assumption and a finite rate mass transfer model were introduced. The finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations of the mixture model and the pressure-velocity coupling is handled via a Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) procedure. Simulation results show that the volume fraction of water vapor and the pressure uneven distribution on the main blade and splitter blade. It will lead to cavitation and fatigue damage.
The Simulation and Analysis of the Automobile Wheel Hub Strength Test Based on the Finite Element Method
Authors: Liu Shu Fen , Li Wei Min , Wang Tian Jun , Xing Ying
Published: March 2013

In order to examine whether the wheel hub meet the security requirement during its design stage, the 3D model of a wheel hub was built by UG software, on which strength test of the wheel hub was proceeded based on the simulation experimental conditions , and used finite element method to analyse the wheel hub strength. The analysis results are the basis for modifying and lightening wheel hub.The study demostrates that test simulation and analysis to the wheel hub by computer technology can overcome the shortcomings of traditional experience analogy method in which the strength test only can be done after the product is produced. The method improves working efficiency，shortens the product development cycle, reduces costs.
Shock Absorber Design and Analysis of a Catapult-Spherical Reconnaissance Robot
Authors: Lu Liang , Chu Ming
Published: March 2013

Aim at the shock absorber general weak of spherical robot, design of a new shock absorber structure of the spherical detection robot, the robot have two shock absorption system include rubber with metal bonding reticulated spherical shell and telescopic shock absorber spring, at same time contact the internal parts with soft material. All these measures are to protect the internal parts in robot dropping or throwing process from bigger impact. Derivation it with kinematics and dynamics formula, simulate and experiment proved shock absorber mechanism has a good shock absorber performance. This design can effectively protect the internal parts of the spherical robot.
Error Calibration System for Time Grating Angular Displacement Sensor
Authors: Gao Zhong Hua
Published: March 2013

A calibration system was developed for time grating angular displacement sensors to calibrate errors of this type of sensor. In the system, the motor was controlled by ARM processor according to the setting value coming from the USB port of the computer, and therefore the motor outputted angular displacement values. Meanwhile, with the motor turning, the optical grating, which was used as the criterion instrument, and time grating turned together corresponding angular displacements. Several displacement values from a circle of sensors of time grating and optical grating were sent to computer by serial port to be processed. Furthermore, an error calibration algorithm, which was based on the least square method (LMS), was used in this calibration system. The precise of time grating can reach to ±0.7″after calibrating using this algorithm and the process of error calibration can be automatically made by the computer.
Design and Realization of Auto-Programming System for SLS on CAD
Authors: Chen Qing Guo , Zhang Jun Cai
Published: March 2013

The detail and design of numerical control system for SLS are discussed. With the help of Visuall C++ and tool kit ObjectARX in AutoCAD, the data information of the 2D contours are extracted from model in AutoCAD by data processing, and these data are transferred to laser scanning data, finally NC codes for processing are generated. A new kind of adaptive slicing algorithm that determines the slicing thickness by comprehensively considering the surface normal and the cross-sectional area, is adopted in data processing. The preheat temperature, scanning speed, laser power and thickness of spreading layer are main factors to part quality in Selective Laser Sintering(SLS). Sintering parameters are optimized by orthogonal experimental design. And a matching rule between scanning velocity and laser power is established so as to realize the laser power matching in different scanning velocities. In order to maintain and transplanted the system, the modular structure is used in the procedure of system design.
Data Classification Using Support Vector Machines with Mixture Kernels
Authors: Wei Li Wei , Wei Chuan Shen , Wan Xia Qing
Published: March 2013

Recent studies have showed that machine learning techniques are advantageous to statistical models for medicine database classification, such as SVM. In this study, we discuss the applications of the support vector machine with mixture of kernel (SVM-MK) to design a classification system. Differing from the standard SVM, the SVM-MK uses the 1-norm based object function and adopts the convex combinations of single feature basic kernels. Only a linear programming problem needs to be resolved and it greatly reduces the computational costs. More important, it is a transparent model and the optimal feature subset can be obtained automatically. Three UCI databases are used to demonstrate the good performance of the SVM- MK.
Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making Based on Dominance of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Ding Xiao Yang , Fu Hai Yan , Zhang Cheng Yi
Published: March 2013

On the basis of intuitionistic fuzzy sets,this paper is to study multiple attribute group decision.It gives the dominance between two intuitionistic fuzzy sets first,and studied some properties. Then,on the basis of dominance,Multiple attribute group decision making based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets is proposed. Finally,an example is used to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Cooperative Innovation, Common Development, Exploration and Practice to Cultivate High-Quality Talents - Faculty of Material Science and Engineering in KMUST
Authors: Zhao Kun Yu , Li Jun , Yong Qi Long , Jiang Ye Hua , Yi Jian Hong
Published: March 2013

Abstract: To make cooperative innovation, common development and improve the ability of independent innovation, cultivating talents is fundamental. The aim of setting up joint-training mode between universities and research institute is to enforce education resource sharing, carry out the deep cooperation about talents and scientific research projects, and establish the cooperative innovation alliance. Kunming University of Science and Technology (KMUST) with the help of subject advantages of material college, training talents jointly with Structure Material Research Institute of Beijing Iron and Steel Research Institute has met the demand of the country and produced a marked effect. Now, the cooperation mode has already transformed to teachers' scientific research cooperation, not just the single joint-training to postgraduates. Thoroughly, Beijing Iron and Steel Research Institute has become the training base for young teachers who investigate on iron and steel materials. At the same time, the cooperation and contacts between university and iron and steel enterprises has increased significantly.
Study on Automatic Safety Monitoring and Management System of Tailings Reservoir
Authors: Liu Hai Ming , Cao Jing
Published: March 2013

The tailings dam is a very important component part in mine production facilities. Meanwhile, it is a potential major risk source with high potential energy. Through collecting many accidents of the tailings dam, it is showed that accident type of the tailings dam mainly is dam-break, damage of drainage system, leakage of tailings, etc. On the basis of this analysis, the main causes of dam-break are slope instability, breaking construction rule, unusual rainfall, etc. The automatic safety monitoring and management system of the tailings reservoir (ASMMS) is a powerful measure for mine safety production. The basic frame of the ASMMS is proposed. The main contents and key problems of the ASMMS are also analyzed. It can provide a strong theoretical and technical basis for the safety and management of the tailings dam.
Vertical Seam Effect on Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Squat Shear Walls with Rectangular Cross-Section
Authors: Yang Hae Jun , Yun Hyun Do
Published: March 2013

In this study, two reinforced concrete (RC) squat shear walls with height-to-length ratio of 0.55 and non-ductile reinforcement details are tested under reversed cyclic loading. Emphasis of the study is placed on the hysteretic behavior and cracking procedure of RC squat shear walls in accordance with the presence and absence of vertical seam on the wall panel. Two specimens had the same rectangular cross-section of 1,100 x 50mm, with wall panel heights of 600mm. To investigate the effect of vertical seams on the wall panel on the structural behavior of shear wall, one wall (CON-S) with three vertical seams with dimension of 260 x 40mm was made and the other (CON-N) was a solid wall without seams. The test results indicated that a squat shear wall with vertical seams exhibited more stable hysteretic behavior than a solid shear wall. Vertical seams on the wall panel improve the ductility and energy dissipation capacity but decrease the maximum strength of RC non-ductile squat shear wall.
Application of an Improved Individual Contact SEIR Model in the Influenza Spread Simulations inside Terminal
Authors: Shao Quan , Jia Meng , Tang Zhi Xing
Published: March 2013

In lights of individual contact features and influenza spreading characteristics, an improved SEIR model, based on individual contacts, is built to study the diffusion of flu in civil airport terminal. Meanwhile, personnel structures and passenger flow features in terminal are analyzed. Under the assistance of simulations on complicated passenger flowing and contacting inside large terminal, on basis of social force model, the extension of influenza pandemic in terminal are modeled. On foundations above, comparative analyses about the effects of several common influenza control measures, according to the process of departure and arrival and flights information of certain domestic terminal, are conducted. This experiment demonstrate that the proposed method is able to provide quantitative evaluations of the affection that “super spreaders” impact on grippe diffusion, as well as accurate examinations of the functions of control measures, compared with traditional SEIR model.
Studies the Factors of the Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Carbon on Membrane Aeration Bioreactor
Authors: Li Wen Jie , Wu Yun , Jia Hui
Published: March 2013

A Membrane aerated bioreactor (MABR) capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a single reactor vessel was developed to investigate the factors of the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and carbon. The results showed that when the bubble point pressure of membrane modules is 25kPa, the relationship between oxygenation efficiency and intransmembrane pressure were not positively correlated, controlling the transmembrane pressure was 15kPa, oxygen supply rate (OSR) was the highest. During the earlier stage of operation, reducing the hydraulic retention time of MABR could improve the integral removal efficiency, when the HRT was 2h, the removal of COD and ammonia - nitrogen were respectively 70.29% and 52.3%. The dissolved oxygen in the reactor had a significant influence, with the dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration about 0.5mg/L, ammonia-nitrogen and total nitrogen removal efficiency was better, the removal rate were 79.5% and 63% respectively. The reaction tank had CO2 accumulation, and caused pH reduced to 5.8, the operation should maintain the pH at 7.5 by increasing the alkalinity of the raw water.
Preparation and Character Measurements of AlN Films for RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gui Tai Long , Jiang Si Da , Ban Chun Cheng , Liu Jia Qing
Published: March 2013

AlN dielectric thin films were deposited on N type Si(100) substrate by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering that directly bombardment AlN target under different sputtering-power and total pressure. The crystal structure,composition,surface and refractive index of the thin films were studied by XRD, SEM, AFM and elliptical polarization instrument. The results show that the surface and refractive of the thin films strongly depends on the sputtering-power and total pressure,the good uniformity and smoothness is found at 230 W, Ar flow ratio 5.0 LAr/sccm, substrate temperature 100°Cand 1.2 Pa. The crystal structure of the as-deposited thin-films is amorphous，then it transforms from blende structure to wurtzite structure as the rapid thermal annealing(RTA) temperature changes from 600 to 1200°C. The refractive index also increases with the RTA temperature it is increasing significantly from 800 to 1000°C．
Electrochemical Pre-Oxidation of Drinking Water by On-Site Electro-Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Miao Jie , Chen Yong Mei , Wan Ping Yu
Published: March 2013

Hydrogen peroxide is a green oxidizer. On-site electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide has potential to become a new way for raw water pre-oxidation. The performance of electro-generation hydrogen peroxide was studied in the electrochemical reactor equipped with graphite felt as cathode and RuO2-IrO2-coated titanium mesh as anode. The effect of water flow rate, air flow rate and current density on concentration of hydrogen peroxide and energy consumption was studied. Results indicate that the optimal condition for the lowest energy consumption is to directly produce 5 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide as compared with producing high concentration followed by dilution. It was found that electrochemical pre-oxidation technology had a good effect on sterilization and removing turbidity and stink for raw water.
LS-SVM Prediction Model Based on Phase Space Reconstruction for Dam Deformation
Authors: Liu He Zhi , Wang Song Lin , Liu Jing Yang
Published: March 2013

This paper represents a Least-Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) model based on the phase space reconstruction for forecasting nonlinear time series of dam deformation. Before training the LS-SVM, a time-delay reconstruction of phase space was made to view the dynamics of the monitoring data by using C-C method. And then the LS-SVM, which is a nonlinear, black-box regression method, was used for prediction. And the accuracy of this employed approach was examined by comparing it with multiple regression method. The experimental results indicate that the forecasting performance of the proposed method is significantly superior to that of the traditional multiple regression method.
Data Fitting Analysis for Fatigue Crack Growth under Multiple Overload Variable Amplitude Loading
Authors: Liu Zhi Fang , Gu Li Xiong , Xu Zhong Yong
Published: March 2013

The present study aims at evaluating residual fatigue life under multiple overload variable amplitude loading (VAL) by using a dynamical coefficient mechanics (DCM) model which we have reported for data fitting analysis. New formulas connecting the crack length with number of cycles and expressions for fatigue crack growth (FCG) under multiple overload VAL have been derived and were used to predict crack propagation. The ratios of predicted-to-experimental lives range from 1.01 to 1.03, which indicates that the results obtained from this DCM model are in good agreement with experimental data from published literatures and cover all stages of fatigue crack growth curve.
Study on Seismic Dynamic Response of Offshore Wind Turbine Tower with Monopile Foundation Based on M Method
Authors: Song Bo , Yi Yu , Wu Jin Cheng
Published: March 2013

Making sure the safety of wind turbine tower structure in service is particularly important with the development of offshore wind turbine facility. In order to make mechanical characteristics of structure explicit, dynamic responses of structure under three different types of seismic waves were analyzed by m method and considering monopile-soil-structure interaction, then comparison with the situation when structure was consolidated in the bottom was made. The result shows, dynamic response was most obvious under the action of far-field seismic wave in such high-rise structure as wind turbine tower. When the acceleration peak of far-field seismic wave was in the level of 8-degree rare earthquake, structure would be unsafe with an oversize displacement at the top of tower. Compared with structure consolidated in the bottom, dynamic response of structure was effected by the intensity and stiffness of soil around the pile. The interaction of soil and foundation was needed to be considered in the analysis of dynamic response.
Printing Industry and the Environment
Authors: Gu Wen Juan , Li Ying , Zhang Xiao Hui
Published: March 2013

Development of green economy is the only way to relieve the restriction of resource, which is the effective and important way to improve economical benefit radically. Only in this way can continuable development be achieved. The research on pollution in printing industry was reported in this paper. The general pollutant such as solvents, exhaust gas, ink, and etc were summarized. The existing methods, measures and technologies which could solve or relieve the pollution of the printing industry on the environment were brought forward. The suggestions were advanced from country, enterprise, individual to science development aspects. The prospect would be fine with the efforts of the government, enterprise and human being.
Settlement Prediction of Roadbed Based on Mixture Model with Exponential Curve and ANN
Authors: Li Guo Heng , Liu Han Bing , Qin Xu Xi
Published: March 2013

A mixture method based on exponential curve and ANN is presented according to settlement prediction of roadbed with measured data. Based on this method, the rule of roadbed settlement is classified into sure part and uncertain part. Exponential curve is used to model the sure part, and ANN to model the uncertain part, thus the mixture settlement model can be obtained. Prediction results show that the mixture model has advantages of high precision and small network scale; it provides a new method for settlement prediction of roadbed.
Material Form and Nature of Breadth Space Resources
Authors: Cai Yi Ming
Published: March 2013

Based on the energy and other resources utilization divided into breadth space and depth space innovatively proposed by the author, the material form and nature of breadth space energy and other resources are demonstrated, and the definition of breadth space resources (chemical reaction) is proposed.
Tin Ore Tailing Reservoir Dominant Plants Heavy Metal Accumulation Characteristics of Yunnan
Authors: Zhang De Gang , Yang Ruo Peng , Yuan Han , Wang Dong
Published: March 2013

According to the field investigation, collecting five kinds of dominant plant from tin ore tailing reservoir of Gejiu and tailing reservoir soil samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of five kinds of dominant plant roots, stems, leaves and its growth soil’s Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd contents, and analyzes five kinds of plant transfer and accumulation coefficient. The results showed that: soil heavy metal pollution is serious, especially Cd pollution; Lactuca indic L、Cattail、Alopecurus aequalis and Cyperus rotundus L. plants of heavy metal contents are the same, all is Zn﹥Cu﹥Pb﹥Cd, but four kinds of heavy metal contents are Pb﹥Zn﹥Cu﹥ Cd in Neyruadia plants; Lactuca indic L、Cyperus rotundus L、Alopecurus aequalis and Cattail to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd four kinds of heavy metals accumulation ability is weaker. But from the root to the ground part organ transfer ability aspects: four kinds of heavy metal in Lactuca indic L is strong, Pb and Cd two elements in the Cyperus rotundus L is more stronger, Cd in Alopecurus aequalis is more stronger, Zn, Cu and Cd in Cattail is more stronger; the accumulation and transfer coefficient are larger than one, it was a better plant which removes Pb.
Health Evaluation of Larix Kaempferi Plantation Ecosystem Based on BP Neural Network Model
Authors: Hui Shu Rong , Dai Xiao Xiao , Liu Hui , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2013

Based on the basic theory of the forest ecosystem, we build the index system to evaluate forest ecosystem health from the stand-scale and take advantage of improved BP neural network to evaluate the ecosystem health of Larix Kaempferi plantation in the Liaodong area quantitatively. And then we analyze the stand-scale health grade status according to different slope aspect, forest age, average tree height and altitude. The results indicate that we make the satisfactory process to research the complex forest ecosystem using the improved BP neural network. The improved BP neural network which uses the momentum-adaptive learning rate adjustment algorithm and L-M learning rules decreases iteration times, makes the convergence speed very fast and improve the precision.
Effects of Temperature Gradient on Algae Inhibition Zone in Source Water Reservoirs Using In Situ Water-Lifting Aeration Technology
Authors: Sun Xin , Zhao Wei Li , Zhang Meng Dan , Huang Ting Lin
Published: March 2013

Flow outside the water-lifting aerator was simulated with FLUENT software, and the effects of temperature gradient on the in-situ algae inhibition zone were numerically analyzed. Flow characteristics directly influence the effect of algal inhibition using water-lifting aeration technology. Under quasi-steady state of flow outside the water-lifting aerator, the clockwise flow near the inlet and counter-clockwise flow in other domains coexisted, zone and strength of inlet circulation weakened as the water temperature gradient increased, flow velocity decreased as the distance from the water-lifting aerator increased. When the temperature gradient within the depth of 30 m increased from 0.17 °C/m to 0.73 °C/m, the radius of the core algal growth inhibition zone increased from 100 m to 150 m, and the ratio of the algal growth inhibition zone to the whole flow domain increased from 25.16% to 28.60%. The proper design intervals of water-lifting aerators in reservoirs were proposed as 100m-150m.
First Record of the Harmful Raphidophyte Chattonella marina Bloom in Rushan Coast, China in 2008 after the Occurrence of the Green Tide
Authors: Song Xiu Kai , Shi Ya Jun , Sun Yu Zeng , Jin Yang , Jiang Xiang Yang , Zhang Li Min
Published: March 2013

The red tide of Chattonella marina (Subrahmanyan) Hara & Chihara occurred in Rushan coast, Shandong Peninsula, China, in August 2008. Based on the four cruises of routine monitoring and four cruises of monitoring of the red tide in Rushan, the process of the red tide and possible mechanism were analyzed. During the bloom, the maximum area of the red tide was about 100 km2; the maximum average cell abundance of C. marina reached 1.46×106 cells/L; surface water temper-ature ranged between 26.1 °C and 27.2 °C, and salinity between 26.6 ‰ and 30.3 ‰. The material released from the decayed green tide species Ulva prolifera could provide a chance for the bloom of C. marina, combined the optimum sea temperature, light and nutrient condition. It was the first time to link a red tide event with the consequence of the green tide in Yellow Sea, which could give an attention on our future monitoring and management.
Effects of Water Depth on Algae Control in Stratified Reservoirs Using In Situ Water-Lifting Aeration Technology
Authors: Sun Xin , Zhao Wei Li , Huang Ting Lin
Published: March 2013

Flow outside the water-lifting aerator was simulated with FLUENT software, and the effects of water depth on the in-situ algal growth control using water-lifting aeration technology was numerically analyzed. Under stable state of flow outside the water-lifting aerator, the clockwise flow near the inlet and counter-clockwise flow in other domains coexisted, flow velocity decreased as the distance from the water-lifting aerator increased. When the water depth was increased from 50 m to 110 m, the radius of the core algal growth control zone increased from 60 m to 175 m, and the ratio of the algal growth control zone to the whole flow domain increased from 12.5% to 30.6%. The proper design intervals of water-lifting aerators in reservoirs were proposed as 1.2-1.6 times of water depth.
Two Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Pollutant Transport Modeling of Jiangyin-Xuliujing Reach of Yangtze Estuary
Authors: Li Lin Lu , Huang Wen Rui , Liu Shu Guang , Liu Xiao Li , Hu Xin Yu , Teng Fei
Published: March 2013

A 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model (RMA2 model) was applied to simulate currents and potential pollutant transport in Jiangyin-Xuliujing reach of Yangtze estuary. The result was compared and validated with a validated 3D model (Delft3D Model). The results indicate that the RMA2 model can achieve the requirements of reproducing and predicting the tidal flow and water levels. Based on RMA2 model simulations, a pollutant transport model (RMA4 model) was established to simulate the transport process of potential pollutant discharge from a sewage treatment plant for risk analysis. This linked hydrodynamic and pollutant transport model can provide the valuable scientific supports for future study of water quality in the Yangtze estuary.
Analysis of Aircraft Path Planning Optimal on Carrier Flight Deck
Authors: Li Yao Yu , Zhu Yi Fan , Li Qun
Published: March 2013

Since the limited space and complicated environment, we can't solve this problem by traditional path planning method which taking the aircraft as a particle. Aim at this problem, we introduce the pseudospectral method from the field of optimal control, and indicate the feasibility and advantage based on theory discussion. To simulate the actual path planning on flight deck, we build a carrier deck space environment, establish the collision detecting mechanism based on polar coordinates transforming. Finally an aircraft dynamic model and a simplified obstacle model are designed, thus the path planning constraint equation is given. The veracity and convergence of this method is verified by experiment simulation results.
Evaluation Theory and Application of Logistics Enterprise Customer Satisfaction Degree
Authors: Liu Xue Lian
Published: March 2013

Customer satisfaction is the source of power for enterprise sustainable development. This thesis constructs customer satisfaction degree evaluation index system of logistics enterprise, and uses a fuzzy algorithm to establish customer satisfaction degree evaluation model of logistics enterprise, and then a case study is given, the result basically tallies with enterprise actual condition, supplies theoretical basis for enterprise’s further development and rectification.
Environmental Sustainability and Green Supply Chain Management
Authors: Chen Ying Jian
Published: March 2013

Environmental issues constitute continuous concern for governments, societies and business organizations. Green supply chain management（GSCM） emerged as a new approach that extends environmental responsibility of organizations throughout their entire supply chain managements. In this paper, we first discuss the definitions of environmental sustainability and GSCM as well as the important differences between GSCM and SCM, then some latest research progresses on the deep relations between environmental sustainability and GSCM are briefly reviewed. Finally, possible future developments of green packaging are prospected.
Using Cloud Model to Improve the Membership Function in Fuzzy Risk Assessment of Reservoir-Induced Seismicity
Authors: Zhong Ming , Zhang Qiu Wen
Published: March 2013

Due to the uncertainty and complexity of the causes in reservoir-induced seismicity, the relationship between the environmental factor and the possible earthquake magnitude can be described by membership function. This study aims to propose a fuzzy method to contribute the membership function in which the normal cloud model is applied. Firstly, the cloud model is introduced in detail. Based on normal cloud model, the one-to-many mapping model is presented to deal with the fuzziness and randomness in the membership function. Finally, the case study in Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir is presented to illustrate the membership cloud function in fuzzy risk assessment of reservoir-induced seismicity. The obtained results show that the proposed method is the viable approaches in solving the problem when the memberships are vague and imprecise.
Adsorption Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrogen by Biochar from Diverse Origins in Water
Authors: Liu Ning , Sun Zhen Tao , Wu Zheng Chao , Zhan Xiu Mei , Zhang Kai , Zhao En Feng , Han Xiao Ri
Published: March 2013

Corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar were used as an adsorbent, duly affected by the condition of diverse concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, response times, the pH and temperature levels. The study focused on the adsorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar, which demonstrated that the adsorption rate of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar is higher in the initial response. The adsorption quantity rises quickly and attains equilibrium after 4 hours. The adsorbance, once stable was found to be 753.29mg/kg for corn straw biochar and 1003.70mg/kg for peanut shell biochar.The adsorption characteristics of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar are more fitted to the Freundlich equation (Freundlich adsorption isotherm), within the limits of pH 5 to9. The adsorption of ammonium nitrogen by corn straw biochar and peanut shell biochar increased with the increase in the pH and temperature. The adsorption effectiveness of peanut shell biochar is better than corn straw biochar.
A New and Reproducible Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Method for the Determination of Trace Au(III) in Solution Using 4-Mercaptopyridine as Molecular Probe
Authors: Wei Yan Yan , Wen Gui Qing , Liu Qing Ye , Jiang Zhi Liang
Published: March 2013

In pH 6.5 Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution and in the presence of stable reagent PEG10000 and aggregation reagent NaCl, nanosilvers were aggregated to form stable aggregated-nanosilvers (ANS). The molecular probe of 4-mercaptopyridine (MP) adsorbed on the surface of ANS to form MP-ANS conjugates that produce strongest surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) peak at 1097 cm-1. When Au(III) was added, the SERRS intensity at 1097 cm-1 decreased. The decreased SERRS intensity was linear to Au(III) concentration in the range of 5-50 ×10-10 mol/L, with a detection limit of 2.0×10-10 mol/L Au(III).
Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen by Combining the Ammonia Stripping with Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Yu Xiu Juan , Ning Li Hong
Published: March 2013

The removal of ammonia nitrogen in simulated wastewater with 90mg/L NH4Cl was researched by ammonia stripping, electrochemical oxidation and the combination of the ammonia stripping and electrochemical oxidation. It is shown that the reduction of ammonia is enlarged with increasing of wastewater’s alkalinity during stripping. And the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen are 2.1% at pH2 and 43.1% at pH7 which is not related to the stripping time. The ammonia removal is higher efficiency in pH12 which is in the range of 45.1% and 61.4% when the stripping time is changed from 40 to 100 min. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is increased with the extension of electrolysis time by the way of the electrochemical oxidation. For 100min electrolysis, the ammonia removal in the cathodic and anodic compartments are 55.8% and 86.9%, respectively. Moreover, by using the ammonia stripping and electrochemical oxidation simultaneously, the ammonia removal in the cathodic and anodic compartments are up to 91.8% and 99.8% for 100min, respectively. The combining of the ammonia stripping with electrochemical oxidation technology has obviously synergistic effect in purifying ammonia nitrogen wastewater.
PEEK Polymer Nonmetallic Materials Replace Research in Drillable Metal Bridge Plug
Authors: Xu Jian Ning , Gao Yan Xiong , Zhu Duan Yin , Lv Wen Jie
Published: March 2013

The bridge plug as a downhole plugging tool, bridge plug is mainly used in oil recovery position, fracturing , water plugging, testing, temporarily seal technology measures ect, have simple construction and high pressure difference, long seal time and accurate position etc., become an effective technology in reservoir reconstruction, which has been widely used in underground work process. After decades research and application, foreign bridge plug in the high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, multi-purpose, new materials, recycling and reliability etc have made considerable progress. In recent years, domestic also initially formed series bridge plugging technology, and in constant development and improvement, but the present commonly used metal bridge plug mill deblocking exist great difficulties, especially in large slope, horizontal milling deblocking more difficulty and complex than vertical well , in order to solve this problem, develop nonmetallic material bridge plug.
Experimental Study on End Milling of C/C Composite
Authors: Shan Chen Wei , Lin Xiao Jun , Cui Dong Peng , Zhao Ying
Published: March 2013

Nowadays, composite material is more and more popular mainly because of its low density and high strength. This paper focuses on experimental research of coarse milling process of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite (C/C composite) in low spindle speed and large milling depth. The milling force prediction model for milling of composite using the end milling cutter is built by orthogonal experiment. Experiment test shows that the results predicted by the proposed model are in well agreement with measured ones and the milling force increases with the increment of feed per tooth, milling depth and milling width, and the effect of milling speed on milling force is not very obvious. In addition, machining accuracy and quality of machined surface is difficult to satisfactory, because of the existence of the substrate lacunas and carbon fibers in C/C composite, by using the existing ordinary material surface integrity evaluation method.
Photocatalytic Activity of Mixed Phase TiO2 from Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Pijarn Nuchanaporn , Jeimsirilers Sirithan , Jinawath Supatra
Published: March 2013

Photocatalyst is an environmental clean-up material when exposed to light. It can decompose organic compounds, bacteria and fungi as well as foul odors. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has long been well known for its powerful photocatalytic activity. However, its properties depend on several factors and synthesis method is one of them. In this work, TiO2powders were prepared by three methods, namely microwave-assisted hydrolysis of titanium oxysulfate (TiOSO4), hydrolysis of TiOSO4, and also by calcining of TiOSO4. Photocatalytic activity of the obtained TiO2powders were evaluated through the decomposition of methylene blue in comparison with P25 (Degussa). Results showed that the TiO2prepared at conditions of microwave 100 watts, irradiation time of 10 min was most effective when compared with the others in this work.
Solidification/Stabilization of Heavy Metals by Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement
Authors: Zhen Shu Cong , Xun Yong , Miao Bu Quan
Published: March 2013

Heavy metals, including Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu and Ni, were solidified/stabilized by magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC). The unconfined compressive strength test shows that the strengths of the solidified bodies containing 10%-40% MKPC all exceeded 0.5 MPa, which have met the requirements of storage and landfilling. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test shows that no detectable Pb, Cr and Cd were leached from the solidified body containing 40% MKPC after being cured standardly for 28 days, and the concentrations of heavy metals leached from the solidified body containing 10% MKPC after being cured for only 7 days were still significantly lower than the limits in related Chinese National Standards. The leaching concentrations of heavy metals followed a descending order of Cu＞Zn＞Ni＞Pb＞Cd＞Cr. In the simulated acid rain eluviation test, heavy metals were eluviated in different patterns, and the sequence of releasing amounts was similar to that of leaching concentrations. The experimental results indicate that heavy metals can be satisfactorily solidified by MKPC.
Harmonious Development of Packaging with Environment in China
Authors: Gu Wen Juan , Zhang Xiao Hui , Zhang Dai Qing
Published: March 2013

Building a harmonious society is the main theme of China's development. Package, as a main part of economic and cultural development, brings a great deal of disharmonious factors to the environment sustainable development. The materials needed in packaging industry, the production process, and the packaging waste are all undoubtedly increase the difficulty and pressure of environmental protection. The involved factors in packaging industry that affect the environment were analyzed systematically. And based on the analysis, the way that can release the pollution of package on the environment were brought forward from the design, material selection, process to the research of new technology and even the regulations to establish. Packaging would develop harmoniously with the environment with our efforts.
Robot Coordination Based on Biologically Inspired Methods
Authors: Masár Marek , Budinská Ivana
Published: March 2013

An embedded particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique combined with virtual pheromones deposition and rules for artificial bird flocking is proposed to handle an area coverage problem using a swarm of mobile robots. A simulation tool VERA that was developed to simulate a swarm behavior of a group of mobile agents is described. Results of simulation experiments and tests on Lego robots that prove the concept are presented. Results are discussed and future development is suggested in the end of the paper.
Structure – Transport Correlations in Mono-Valent Na+ Doped La1-xNaxMnO3 Manganites
Authors: Kansara Sanjay , Pandya D.D. , Nimavat Bhumika , Thakar C.M. , Solanki P.S. , Rayprol S. , Gonal M.R. , Shah N.A. , Kuberkar D.G.
Published: March 2013

We report the results of the structural, transport and magnetotransport studies on mono-valent doped La1-xNaxMnO3 (LNMO) (x = 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) manganites. XRD measurement and Rietveld refinement on LNMO samples shows that, all the samples crystallize in distorted rhombohedral structure without any additional impurity peaks. The d.c. four probe resistivity measurements show that, the metal-insulator transition temperature (TP) exhibited by the Na doped manganites increases and resistivity decreases with increasing x. This behavior has been explained on the basis of size disorder effect, tolerance factor variation and structural modifications due to large size mono-valent Na-doping. In the metallic region, the resistivity data have been fitted to the zener double exchange (ZDE) polynomial law for all the three samples. Magnetoresistance (MR) studies show a decrease in low temperature (5K) MR while increase in room temperature MR with increase in Na-content in the LNMO manganites.
Vickers Micro-Hardness Studies of Amino Acids (L-Histidine, L-Threonien and DL-Methionine) Doped KDP Crystals
Authors: Dave Dipak J. , Parikh Ketan D. , Joshi Mihir J.
Published: March 2013

Pure and various amino acids (L-histidine, L-threonine, DL-methionine) doped KDP crystals were grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. The doping of amino acids was confirmed by C, H, N analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and paper chromatography .Pure and doped KDP crystals were subjected to Vickers microhardness studies. Indentations were made on smooth (100) as grown faces of pure and doped crystals. The Vickers indenter loads were varied from 0.298 N to 0.981 N in order to study the effect of load on microhardness. A number of indents were made at each load and the mean diagonal length (d) was used in calculating the Vickers Hardness Number (HV). The Vickers micro-hardness decreased as amino acid doping level was increased indicating that the KDP crystals became softer after doping. The Indentation size effect (ISE) the Kicks law as well as PSR model was verified for all samples. The values of the load independent hardness and the Newtonian pressure (W) were higher in pure KDP crystals than the amino acids doped KDP crystals. It was found that as the doping concentration of amino acids increased the values of load independent hardness and Newtonian pressure decreased. Hays and Kendall law analysis was also applied to the hardness data.