bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRESENTACIÓN
Authors: Rhela Revista
Published: August 2021

Esta publicación se ha dedicado al tema monográfico de los textos escolares. La relevancia del tema la asumimos por las investigaciones que sobre este contenido viene desarrollando un equipo desde Francia y España. Esta red presenta vínculos con investigadores en América Latina, donde podemos destacar en Venezuela al Dr. José Pascual Mora, presidente de la Sociedad de Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana. Pero hay que decir que principalmente, se motivó el tema monográfico, por la investigación que realizó el Grupo de Investigación: “Historia y Prospectiva de la Universidad Latinoamericana”- HISULA, sobre “La independencia americana: textos, enseñanza e imaginarios escolares en Colombia y España. 2009 a 2011”.
LA TEOLOGíA COMO DOGMA CURRICULAR Y El INICIO DEL LAICISMO JURíDICU EN LA UNIVERSIDAD
Authors: Martínez Moya Armando
Published: August 2021

La fuerza del paradigma teológico en la Universidad Colonial de Guadalajara (1792-1821), se expresó curricularmente en todas las carreras establecidas entonces. Su noción sobre el saber, sobre el destino del individuo, sobre la sociedad, sobre el papel a jugar por los futuros egresados, estuvo entonces influida por la visión paradigmática, dogmática y corporativa que predominaba en la Nueva Galicia no obstante el desarrollo del proceso productivo y comercial de la región en los años recientes que exigía nuevas formas de concebir las relaciones sociales y las exigencias cotidianas, así como la expansión de nuevas formas ilustradas de conocimiento. Sin embargo, a partir de la lucha de independencia que reclamaba la decrepitud del modelo colonial y las reformas que en otros lugares se hacían de la educación universitaria, la universidad oscilaba entre defender su modelo de enseñanza pero también intentó irse adaptando a las nuevas circunstancias reformistas que impulsaba la ilustración. Pero no será sino hasta la consumación de la independencia cuando la universidad se verá obligada a cambiar. Estos cambios tendrán su efecto en la carrera civil de Derecho que romperá con el determinismo  escolástico.Palabras clave: Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, universidad, teología, derecho civil, régimen colonial, independencia, ayuntamiento.
LOS MANUALES ESCOLARES COMO POSIBILIDAD INVESTIGATIVA PARA LA HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN: ElEMENTOS PARA UNA DEFINICIÓN
Authors: Samacá Alonso Gabriel David
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo pretende compartir una reflexión sobre los manuales escolares como fuente para la historia de la educación. Tal cometido parte de la premisa de la necesidad de contribuir a una definición amplia y compleja del manual escolar, reconociéndolo como un artefacto cultural que puede ser analizado desde diferentes ángulos. El manual se puede entender como una herramienta pedagógica, una mercancía del mundo editorial así como un vector cultural que vehicula valores en la sociedad. Aunque en el país la investigación con base en esta fuente se inició hace algunas décadas, consideramos que es necesario volver la mirada hacia la misma, con el fin de iniciar trabajos historiográficos que ausculten la historia de la educación, particularmente la enseñanza de la historia, desde diferentes ópticas facilitadas por los manuales escolares. Metodológicamente, este trabajo se desarrolló a partir de la revisión crítica de la bibliografía especializada en contraste con algunos manuales escolares empleados en la educación básica secundaria en la década de los noventa. Además de los elementos abstractos propuestos, es necesario recordar que la noción de manual escolar es histórica, de allí la pertinencia de acometer una caracterización de sus principales atributos en diferentes momentos históricos.Palabras clave:  Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana, manual escolar, dimensiones de un manual escolar, historia de la educación.
Reseñas de eventos
Authors: Rhela Revista
Published: August 2021

.
Evidencias psicométricas de la prueba Brief Self-Control Scale en adultos de Lima y Arequipa
Authors:   , Ladd Portugal Kevin
Published: August 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evidenciar propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de Autocontrol Breve (BSCS) en adultos de la provincia de Lima y Arequipa, Perú. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 280 adultos jóvenes entre las edades de 20 a 40 años de los cuales fueron de Lima (58%) de Arequipa (42%) de forma no probabilística del tipo intencional. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Autocontrol breve (Tangney, Baumeister y Luzio, 2004) y el cuestionario de Agresividad (Matalinares, Yaringaño, Uceda, Fernández, Huari, Campos y Villavicencio, 2012). Se realizó un AFC, el cual dio como resultado 4 dimensiones con χ²/gl = 3.16(< 3), p < .001 el CFI = .95 (>.95), SRMR = .05, la RMSEA = 0.088 (0.068, 0.109) (<.08) y el TLI = .93 (>.95). Se calculó la consistencia interna omega que oscila entre .49 y 73. Se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica de Spearman para el análisis de validez discriminante. El análisis de correlaciones entre BSCS y el cuestionario de Agresividad dio como resultado que todas son negativas y significativas (p < .05), con magnitud entre moderada (rs > .62) y baja (rs >.18). Concluyen que el BSCS brinda evidencias suficientes para seguir siendo estudiado en la población.
MODEL DISTRIBUSI KERAJINAN KREATIF JEMBER MENUJU PASAR INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Muhsyi Abdul , Fauziyyah Salma , Khusna Khanifatul , Mirzania Alif
Published: August 2021

The creative industry is one of the industries that currently supports the Indonesian economy. The purpose of this study is to formulate the distribution model of Jember's creative industry towards the international market. This study is quantitative-descriptive research conducted in Jember using SMEs as population. Furthermore, samples were taken by using a non-probability sampling technique with a convenience sampling method. The analytical tool used in this study was a fishbone diagram. The results of the fishbone diagram analysis showed several causes of SMEs growth problems such as the lack of HR skills in foreign languages, the inadequate of sophisticated technology in business, and the minimal amount of business capital. The inappropriate adoption of the technology was then identified as the root cause of the problem. Thus, the distribution model for the creative industry to increase competitiveness in the international market is the technology application in every element of the SMEs.

Keywords: creative industry, distribution model, fishbone diagram, international market
A só- és cukormentes táplálkozás kvalitatív vizsgálata a zöldségkonzervek piacán
Authors: Boros Henrietta Mónika , Fehér András
Published: August 2021

A boltok polcain elterjedtek a „mentes” élelmiszerek, úgymint az egészségtudatos táplálkozás fontos összetevői. A kutatásunk alapját képezi egy olyan lehetséges zöldségkonzerv piaci helyzetének és bevezetési lehetőségeinek elemzése, amely akár kielégítheti a fogyasztók só- és cukormentes étkezéshez fűződő igényeit. A szekunder adat- és információgyűjtéssel nyújtottunk alapot a további kutatásoknak. A primer kutatásnál három kvalitatív módszert alkalmaztunk, amely a netnográfiai vizsgálat, a szakértői interjú és a fókuszcsoportos kutatás volt. A netnográfia során az előzetesen összegyűjtött kulcsszavak alapján vizsgáltuk az interneten, főleg a közösségi oldalakon a fogyasztói igényeket a só- és cukormentes konzervekre vonatkozóan. A konzerviparban jártas szakértővel folytatott interjú során a konzervek sajátossága és a mentes konzervek jellemzőinek a megvitatása álláspontja volt a középpontban. A fókuszcsoportos kutatás pedig az egyetemisták elképzeléseit volt hivatott megismerni a konzervekről és azok vásárlóiról egyaránt. Többek között fényt derítettünk arra, hogy a mentes szóhoz a fogyasztók az egészség kifejezését társítják, azonban a mentesség hangsúlyozása hiányérzetet válthat ki. A mentes konzervek vizsgálata során arra jutottunk, hogy a fiatal, idejükkel spóroló, egészségtudatos fogyasztók alkothatják a célcsoportot. A célpiac miatt javasoljuk az online platformokon történő népszerűsítést, ahol akár edukációs kampányokat is ajánlott lenne alkalmazni.JEL-kódok: M31, Q13
Modeling Insolation, Multi-spectral Imagery and LiDAR Point-cloud Metrics to Predict Plant Diversity in a Temperate Montane Forest
Authors: Dunn Paul Christian , Blesius Leonhard
Published: August 2021

Incident solar radiation (insolation) passing through the forest canopy to the ground surface is either absorbed or scattered. This phenomenon, known as radiation attenuation, is measured using the extinction coefficient (K). The amount of radiation at the ground surface of a given site is effectively controlled by the canopy’s surface and structure, determining its suitability for plant species.Menhinick’s and Simpson biodiversity indexes were selected as spatially explicit response variables for the regression equation using canopy structure metrics as predictors. Independent variables include modeled area solar radiation, LiDAR derived canopy height, effective leaf area index data derived from multi-spectral imagery, and canopy strata metrics derived from LiDAR point-cloud data. The results support the hypothesis that, 1.) canopy surface and strata variability may be associated with understory species diversity due to habitat partitioning and radiation attenuation, and that, 2.) such a model can predict both this relationship and biodiversity clustering.The study data yielded significant correlations between predictor and response variables and was used to produce a multiple-linear model comprising canopy relief, texture of heights, and vegetation density to predict understory plant diversity. When analyzed for spatial autocorrelation, the predicted biodiversity data exhibited non-random spatial continuity.
A Review of Registered and Candidate Vaccines for Bovine Respiratory Disease in the UK
Authors: Lemon Joanne L. , McMenamy Michael J.
Published: August 2021

Vaccination is widely regarded as a cornerstone in animal or herd health and infectious disease management. Nineteen vaccines against the major pathogens implicated in bovine respiratory disease are registered for use in the UK by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD). However, despite annual prophylactic vaccination, bovine respiratory disease is still conservatively estimated to cost the UK economy approximately £80 million per annum. This review examines the vaccine types available, discusses the surrounding literature and scientific rationale of the limitations and assesses the potential of novel vaccine technologies.
Fabrication Methods of the Polygonal Masonry of Large Stone Blocks with Fitted Curved Surfaces in Megalithic Structures of Peru
Authors: Lapshin Rostislav
Published: August 2021

The article suggests methods that allow creating the most complicated type of polygonal masonry found in Peru. This masonry consists of large stone blocks weighing from several hundred kilograms to several tons fitted close to each other almost without a gap between complicated curved surfaces of large area. The work provides a brief description of techniques, which apparently were used by builders who arrived from Europe. The techniques under discussion are based on the use of a reduced clay model, 3D-pantograph and replicas. The use of a reduced clay model and a pantograph provides not only the unique appearance and high quality of masonry with large blocks, but also allows to significantly increase the productivity of the builders. As the pantograph designed to work with three-dimensional objects has been known since the 18th century, the constructions under consideration should be dated by that and later time. The remaining simpler types of polygonal masonry with smaller stones or fitted surfaces are almost flat, or stones contact with each other by a small area, or there are significant gaps between stones, are quite consistent with the well-known methods of stone processing of those and earlier years, and, therefore, they do not require any additional explanations.
Effect of Wearing the Elevation Training Mask on Physiological Performance in Elite Kayaking Girls
Authors: Ghram Amine , Amirshaghaghi Farahnaz , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Akbari Hesam Addin , Chtourou Hamdi , Lavie Carl J , Jiménez-Pavón David
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The Elevation Training Mask 2.0 (ETM) has been introduced as a novel tool to allow for respiratory muscle training and altitude exposure during exercise that can improve performance and hematological markers in elite and well-trained athletes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of wearing ETM while training on erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), peak oxygen consumption (VO2max), lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance in elite Kayaking girls. Methods: Thirty elite Kayaking girls (14 to 18-year-old) were equally and randomly assigned into mask, no mask, and control groups. The mask and no-mask groups completed 8 weeks of repeated sprint training, while the control group performed their routine kayaking training programs. Pre- and post-training tests included EPO, VEGF, VO2max, lactate, and 1000-m kayaking performance. Results: 1000-m time trial significantly decreased for mask (p < 0.001) and control (p = 0.035) groups, and was significantly lower in mask group than control (p = 0.014) and no mask (p = 0.009) groups. EPO did not show any significant changes for all groups. VEGF was increased significantly for mask (p = 0.04) and no mask (p = 0.014) groups. Lactate was decreased significantly for mask group (p = 0.025). VO2max increased significantly for no mask group (p = 0.021). Conclusion: Wearing the ETM while participating in 8 weeks of repeated sprint training might improve specific blood markers and endurance performance, especially anaerobic pathways. Performing repeated sprint training while wearing ETM has the potential to enhance performance in Kayak racing.
Microbiome Assessment of Global Oil Reservoirs Reveals Site-Specific Hydrocarbon Degradation Functional Profiles
Authors: Hidalgo Kelly J. , Sierra-Garcia Isabel N. , Zafra German , de Oliveira Valéria M.
Published: August 2021

Microorganisms inhabiting subsurface petroleum reservoirs are key players in biochemical transformations. The interactions of microbial communities in these environments are highly complex and still poorly understood. This work aimed to assess publicly available metagenomes from oil reservoirs and implement a robust pipeline of genome-resolved metagenomics to deci-pher metabolic and taxonomic profiles of petroleum reservoirs worldwide. Analysis of 301,2 Gb of metagenomic information derived from heavily flooded petroleum reservoirs in China and Alaska to non-flooded petroleum reservoirs in Brazil enabled us to reconstruct 148 MAGs of high and medium quality. At the phylum level, 74% of MAGs belonged to bacteria and 26% to ar-chaea. The profiles of these MAGs were related to the physicochemical parameters and recovery management applied. The analysis of the potential functional core in the reservoirs showed that the microbiota was specialized for each site, with 31.7% of the total KEGG orthologies annotated as functions (1,690 genes) common to all oil fields, while 18% of the functions were site-specific, i.e., present only in one of the oil fields. The oil reservoirs with lower level of intervention were the most similar to the potential functional core, while the oil fields with longer history of water in-jection had greater variation in functional profile. These results show how key microorganisms and their functions respond to the distinct physicochemical parameters and interventions of the oil field operations such as water injection and expand the knowledge of biogeochemical trans-formations in these ecosystems.
Comparative Study of Structural Reliability Assessment Methods for Fixed Offshore Structures
Authors: Mat Soom E. , Abu Husain M.K. , Mohd Zaki N.I. , Mukhlas N.A. , Syed Ahmad S.Z.A. , Azman N.U. , Najafian Gholamhossein
Published: August 2021

The oil and gas sector has recognised structural integrity assessment of ageing platform for prospective life extension as a rising concern, particularly in encountering the randomness of the harsh ocean environments. This condition leads to uncertainty in wave-in-deck load estimates and a high load level being imposed on offshore structures. This emphasises the necessity of enhanced reliability, as failure might result in inaccessibility because of the uncertainties related to long-distance services, such as accuracy of predictions of loads and responses. Even though the established guidelines present a fundamental assessment, additionally, comprehensive rules are required. This paper performed a reliability analysis incorporating practical approaches that can more accurately represent time-dependent structural deterioration. The following two procedures have been adopted by a majority of significant oil and gas operators to monitor the safety and integrity of these structures: a) Ultimate Strength Assessment (USA) method and b) Reliability Design Assessment (ReDA) method. A comparison of these two reliability approaches was performed on selected ageing jacket structures in the region of the Malaysian sea. The comparative findings, namely, reserve strength ratio (RSR) at various years of the return period (RP) and ratio value for risk of failure regarding the probability of failure (POF), provided a check and balance in strengthening confidence in the results. The findings showed that the structural components might safely survive either using the USA and ReDA method in such conditions, as the reliability indexes were determined to be satisfactory compared to allowable values from ISO 19902 design specifications. Therefore, these evaluations were determined to control the risk level of the structure during the remaining of its lifetime and undertake cost-effective inspections or mitigation strategies when necessary.
An assessment of long-term, multipurpose ecosystem functions and engineering benefits derived from historical dredged sediment beneficial use projects
Authors: Berkowitz Jacob , Beane Nathan , Philley Kevin , Hurst Nia , Jung Jacob
Published: August 2021

The beneficial use of dredged materials improves environmental outcomes while maximizing navigation benefits and minimizing costs, in accordance with the principles of the Engineering With Nature® (EWN) initiative. Yet, few studies document the long-term benefits of innovative dredged material management strategies or conduct comprehensive life-cycle analysis because of a combination of (1) short monitoring time frames and (2) the paucity of constructed projects that have reached ecological maturity. In response, we conducted an ecological functional and engineering benefit assessment of six historic (>40 years old) dredged material–supported habitat improvement projects where initial postconstruction beneficial use monitoring data was available. Conditions at natural reference locations were also documented to facilitate a comparison between natural and engineered landscape features. Results indicate the projects examined provide valuable habitat for a variety of species in addition to yielding a number of engineering (for example, shoreline protection) and other (for example, carbon storage) benefits. Our findings also suggest establishment of ecological success criteria should not overemphasize replicating reference conditions but remain focused on achieving specific ecological functions (that is, habitat and biogeochemical cycling) and engineering benefits (that is, storm surge reduction, navigation channel maintenance) achievable through project design and operational management.
A 3×4 drop-plating protocol for estimation of Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, taking Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli as an example.
Authors: Zhong Yang
Published: August 2021

The estimation of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria plays an important role in risk assessment and surveillance. To test the concentration of resistant bacteria with colony count is a fast and straightforward way to perform. Here we describe an optimized drop-plating method for colony counting of resistant bacteria. We took the ESBL-producing E. coli in freshwater samples as an example. The optimized methods can successfully quantify ESBL-producing E. coli of water samples in a concentration range of 104 CFU/L to 106 CFU/L. We have shown that this drop-plating method is comparable to the direct spreading method by testing with both methods on a series of simulated samples, which were constructed using raw surface water spiked with different concentrations of ESBL-producing E. coli. The ESBL-producing phenotype has been further confirmed with the double-disc synergy test. Compared to direct spread methods, our methods can save consumables and operate with smaller sample sizes. Therefore, this method could be more sustainable in AMR surveillance and risk assessment.
Leptomeningeal pathology systematic review protocol v.16 final 7/23/2021
Authors: MD F MS Carol Palackdkharry ,   2.	Stephanie Wottrich BS,   3.	Erin Dienes PhD, Witiw Christopher D. ,   5.	Mohamad Bydon MD, Steinmetz Michael P. , Traynelis Vincent C.
Published: August 2021

This prospective PRISMA systematic review with modified e-Delphi [SR] started with a focus on harm [arachnoiditis] caused by multiple types of spinal interventions, mostly spinal surgery. Preclinical studies were included in the searches to inform future directions. Global social media groups with >15K patients with the diagnosis express disdain towards doctors for being harmed and then abandoned—disabled, with intractable neuropathic pain, and no known therapy. The protocol was amended, additional searches added when collected 63 terms for the same area of pathology, and the SR expanded to diseases of the leptomeninges. This incomparable partnership between physician-scientist-patients and multiple neurosurgeons generates answers, exposes disparities, and results in an unanticipated conclusion.
Unraveling the genetic variability of host resilience to endo and ectoparasites under natural infestation, in Nellore cattle
Authors: Gouveia Gabriela Canabrava , Ribeiro Virgínia Mara Pereira , Fortes Marina Rufino Salinas , Raidan Fernanda Santos Silva , Reverter Antonio , de Moraes Mariana Mamedes , de Araújo Andresa Eva Melo , Gonçalves Daniel Resende , Silva Marcos Vinicius Gualberto Barbosa da , Toral Fabio Luiz Buranelo
Published: August 2021

Background:

Host resilience (HR) to parasites can affect growth in pastured raised cattle. This study is a detailed investigation of the genetic mechanisms of HR to ticks (TICK), gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), and Eimeria spp. (EIM) under natural infestation. HR was defined as the slope coefficient of random regression models of body weight (BW) when TICK, GIN, and EIM burdens were used as environmental gradients. The BW was evaluated in five measurement events (ME): when animals were 331, 385, 443, 498, and 555 days old on average. 7307 BW records were available from 1712 animals weighted at least in one ME. Out of those, 1075 animals had valid genotypic information after quality control analysis that were used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and GWAS meta-analyses to identify genomic regions associated with HR.
Results:

Both the genetic correlations between intercept and HR to each parasite, and the genetic correlations between BW measured in animals submitted to different parasite burden indicated that there was genotype x parasite burden interaction for BW, and selection for BW under environment with controlled parasite burden might be an efficient strategy to improve both, BW and HR. Furthermore, there was no impact of age of measurement on genetic variance estimates for HR to different parasites. However, genetic correlation between HR to the same parasite measured in different ages ranged from low to moderate in magnitude, with a posteriori means (high posterior density interval with 90% of samples) varying from 0.13 (-0.05; 0.35) to 0.40 (0.15; 0.63) for TICK, from 0.11 (-0.06; 0.29) to 0.52 (0.37; 0.67) for GIN and from 0.25 (0.07; 0.43) to 0.56 (0.34; 0.77) for EIM.
Conclusions:

These results indicate the importance of age of measurement in studies on HR. HR to GIN and EIM can be used as a complementary tool to parasitic control management, and a multiple trait selection method that combine BW and HR to parasites should be used in parasitic endemic areas to avoid economic losses due parasitic diseases.
Application Effect Analysis of Three Methods of Heating and Humidification for Weaning Patients in ICU
Authors: Wu Yongxing , Bai Jiyu , Zhu XingQing , Zhu Zhijing
Published: August 2021

Objectives Adequate humidity and temperature of the inhaled mixed air are important for patients weaning from ventilators. It can not only prevent the damage of dry gas on respiratory tract, but also facilitate the discharge of sputum. We aim to investigate the humidification and heating effects of artificial nose, Venturi device plus thermostatic humidification T-tube (referred as VT), Venturi device plus thermostatic humidification T-tube and PEEP valve (referred as VTP) in critical ill patients with tracheotomy in ICU.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting: Tertiary academic medical center.Patients: A total of 166 patients were engaged in this study. Clinical and laboratory examination data were used to determine the heating and humidification performance of 3 different methods.Methods A retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted in all critically ill patients ready to be weaned from mechanical ventilators. Three groups of patients were compared in terms of vital signs, the effect of artificial airway heating and humidification, and blood gas indicators. Basic patient data (age, gender, mechanical ventilation duration, ICU stay, disease type) were recorded. Vital signs include heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation; The performance of heating and humidifying the artificial airway were defined as the number of sputum suction and coughing within 24 hours, sputum characteristics, whether there is bloody sputum formation, whether there is phlegm callus formation; Blood gas indicators include pH, oxygen partial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure, lactic acid, residual base, and bicarbonate.Results In terms of the heating and humidification performance of patients in ICU, the VT method and the VTP method were significantly superior to those of artificial nasal method.SpO2 was significantly higher in patients treated with the VTP method than that in patients treated with VT.ConclusionCompared with the artificial nose method, the VTP method and VT methods are better. In terms of improving oxygenation, the VTP method could improve the patient's oxygen sum more than the VT mothod.
Plasticity To Environmental Conditions And Substrate Colonization Mediates The Invasion of Dreissenid False Mussels In Brackish Systems
Authors: Rodrigues Antonio J. S. , Miyahira Igor Christo , Rodrigues Nathália , Ribeiro Danielle , Santos Luciano Neves , Neves Raquel A. F.
Published: August 2021

False mussels are recognized as the brackish water equivalent of zebra mussels, although the abiotic and habitat conditions that mediate these invaders’ success are barely known. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the native and non-native geographical distribution of Mytilopsis species worldwide and assess biological traits, environmental condition, and habitat associated with false mussels in native and invaded systems. Our hypothesis is that Mytilopsis invasion is driven by species plasticity to environmental conditions and substrate use in brackish systems, where the colonization of non-native populations is favored by great availability of artificial substrates and tolerance to wide ranges of environmental conditions. Besides, this study provides the occurrence range and distribution patterns of Mytilopsis species within their introduced and native areas and tracks the spread of introduced populations worldwide. Considering the five species evaluated, M. leucophaeata and M. sallei are the most widespread, while M. adamsi, M. trautwineana, and M. africana showed more restricted geographic distribution. In the last decades, M. leucophaeata and M. sallei consolidated and expanded their distributions. Environmental conditions were significantly different between native and non-native areas, where Mytilopsis populations presented significantly higher densities. Non-native populations exhibited remarkable plasticity concerning habitat colonization that was more frequent on artificial substrata. Mytilopsis populations presented significant differences on their biological traits, habitat environmental conditions, and substrate use between native and non-native areas. These species seem to adapt to the conditions of invaded systems, changing their preferences, which reflects plasticity and suggests a potential shift of their realized niches.
MicroRNA-Regulated Ubiquitination and Lipid Metabolism Networks are Associated with Chemotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Topouza Danai Georgia , Choi Jihoon , Nesdoly Sean , Tarnouskaya Anastasiya , Nicol Christopher J.B. , Duan Qing Ling
Published: August 2021

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a highly lethal gynecologic cancer, in part due to resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy reported among 20% of patients. This study aims to characterize the biological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance, which remain poorly understood.Analysis of mRNA/microRNA sequencing data from HGSOC patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas identified 196 differentially expressed mRNAs enriched for adaptive immunity and translation, and 21 differentially expressed microRNAs associated with angiogenesis. Co-expression network analysis identified two mRNA networks associated with chemotherapy response, which were enriched for ubiquitination and lipid metabolism, as well as three associated microRNA networks enriched for lipoprotein transport and oncogenic pathways. These network modules replicated in two independent ovarian cancer cohorts. Moreover, integrative analyses of the mRNA, microRNA and genomics (i.e. single nucleotide polymorphisms) datasets revealed potential regulation of the mRNA networks by the associated microRNAs and SNPs (i.e. expression quantitative trait loci).Thus, we report novel transcriptional networks and biological pathways associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy among HGSOC patients. These results improve our understanding of the effector networks and regulators of chemotherapy response, which will help to elucidate novel therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients Attending a Tertiary Cardiac Center in Tanzania: a Comparative Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Pallangyo Pedro , Mgopa Lucy R. , Mkojera Zabella , Komba Makrina , Millinga Jalack , Misidai Nsajigwa , Swai Happiness J. , Mayala Henry , Bhalia Smita , Wibonela Salma , Janabi Mohamed
Published: August 2021

Background: There is mounting evidence for a reciprocal yet bidirectional association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common cause of systemic hypertension is an independent risk factor for hypertension-related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this comparative hospital-based cross-sectional study, we sought to explore the burden of obstructive sleep apnea and its associated risk factors among hypertensive patients attending Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute.Methodology: A total of 1974 individuals (i.e. 1289 hypertensive and 685 normotensives) were consecutively enrolled in this study. The Berlin questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were utilized in the assessment of OSA and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) respectively. Logistic regression analyses were employed in the determination of associated factors for OSA. Results: The mean age was 53.4 years and females constituted the large majority (60.4%) of participants. About three quarters (74.1%) of participants had excess body weight, 11.6% had diabetes, 8.0% had asthma and 18.6% had history of recurrent nasal congestion. Positive family history of snoring was reported by 43.1% of participants and 36.9% had a personal history of snoring. Persons with hypertension displayed a higher frequency (42.1%) of OSA compared to their normotensive counterparts (11.8%), p<0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed hypertension (OR 5.1, 95% CI 3.2-8.2, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.5, p<0.01), chronic nasal congestion (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5, p = 0.01), obesity (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-3.3, p<0.001), increased neck circumference (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.4, p = 0.02), family history of snoring (OR 5.5, 95% CI 4.0-7.5, p<0.001), and working >8hrs/24hr (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, p = 0.03) to have an independent association for OSA. Furthermore, participants with hypertension displayed superior odds for OSA compared to their normotensive counterparts across all subgroup analyses. Conclusion: OSA is considerably common among hypertensives in a tertiary health care setting in Tanzania. Positive family history of snoring was the strongest associated factor; however, excess body weight proved to be the strongest modifiable risk factor. In view of its pervasiveness, OSA should be an integral part of the medical evaluation in hypertensive individuals.
Torula Yeast in the Diet of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar and the Impact on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome.
Authors: Leeper Alexandra , Ekmay Ricardo , Knobloch Stephen , Skírnisdóttir Sigurlaug , Varunjikar Madhushri , Dubois Marianne , Smárason Birgir Örn , Árnason Jón , Koppe Wolfgang , Benhaïm David
Published: August 2021

Atlantic salmon aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements for conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii), has been identified as a promising alternative protein for feeds and can be sustainably cultivated from lignocellulosic biomasses. The present study investigates the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and the gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon. Both a marine protein base diet and a mixed marine and plant protein base diet were tested, where conventional proteins were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%). This study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced plant meal in a mixed protein diet, results suggest 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results and at the highest inclusion level, potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria. This study supports the continued investigation of torula yeast for Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional proteins.
Cellular Senescence and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype Drive Multipotent Cardiac Stem/Progenitor Cell Dysfunction in Human Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Independently of Age
Authors: Marino Fabiola , Scalise Mariangela , Cappetta Donato , Salerno Luca , Molinaro Claudia , Salerno Nadia , Torella Michele , Greco Marta , Foti Daniela , Sasso Ferdinando C. , Mastroroberto Pasquale , De Angelis Antonella , Ellison-Hughes Georgina M. , Rota Marcello , Urbanek Konrad , Torella Daniele , Cianflone Eleonora
Published: August 2021

Background: Aging and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) independently and additively increase cardiovascular risk and a pathophysiological basis for this epidemiological link is currently the subject of intense investigations. Both aging and DM affect the biology and regenerative potential of tissue specific cardiac adult stem/progenitor cells (CSCs). In aged subjects over half of the CSCs are senescent with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that renders otherwise healthy CSCs to senescence, impairing their proliferative and differentiation potential. Although a link to organismal aging is clear, cells can undergo senescence, regardless of age. Yet, it is unclear whether the SASP is induced by Diabetes per se in CSCs and whether targeting senescent cells within the diabetic CSC compartment rescues their regenerative biology. Methods: In order to investigate the effects of DM on CSC senescence and to try separate those of aging from Diabetes on senescence events, we obtained peri-infarct/border zone biopsies from non-aged patients (50-64 years old) with DM type 2 (T2DM) and non-diabetic (NDM) patients with post-infarct cardiomyopathy undergoing surgical coronary revascularization. Results: Ischemic injury in DM is associated with a higher ROS production, as revealed by the exacerbated expression of 8-OH-deoxyguanosine, nitrotyrosine, and 4-hydroxinonenal targeting both cardiomyocytes as well as CSCs. The latter associated with an increased number of senescent and dysfunctional T2DM-hCSCs (isolated from atrial samples of T2DM and NDM patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy) identified by increased p16INK4a positive cells, reduced telomerase activity and telomere length, reduced proliferation, clonogenesis/spherogenesis and myogenic differentiation when compared to NDM-hCSCs in vitro. Importantly, T2DM-hCSCs show a defined SASP, as demonstrated by the increased secretion of MMP-3, PAI1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and GM-CSF. A combination of two senolytics, Dasatinib and Quercetin, clears senescent T2DM-hCSCs in vitro restoring expansion and myogenic differentiation capacities of the diabetic hCSC pool. Conclusions: DM hampers human CSC biology, inducing a variety of hallmarks of senescence in non-aged subjects that contribute to the deficit of their regenerative potential. Clearance of senescent cells by senolytics abrogates the SASP and restores a fully proliferative- and differentiation- competent hCSC pool in T2DM.
Factors Influencing Food Choices In Different Sports: Importance of Sustainability, Performance And Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nuszbaum Cosima , Wollmar Mari , Sjöberg Agneta
Published: August 2021

Background: This study investigates food preferences among individuals active in different sports. Since food intake affects the carbon footprint, it is of interest to investigate influencing factors of food choices regarding sustainability. Physically active individuals are in need for high intakes of energy and protein in order to maintain their performance. Little is known about what influence food choices in this population. Method: A survey of a sample of 367 individuals was conducted in German and Swedish gyms, climbing halls and CrossFit boxes. Therefore, a questionnaire was developed to capture information about factors influencing food choice and consumed protein sources. Kruskal-Wallis-test tested significant differences between sport groups and physical activity levels.Results: The most frequently consumed animal-based protein were dairy-products, and the most frequently used plant-based source were grains. Taste and health were the main influences on food choices. Significant differences were observed between sport groups and physical activity levels. Sustainability was ranked as moderately important, with the highest importance in people active in the outdoor sports running and climbing. Participants with high physical activity levels and active in CrossFit rated performance more important than the rest of the sample and consumed protein supplements, eggs and poultry more frequently. Conclusion: Differences in food choices between various sports and physical activity levels were identified. Understanding the underlying influences on food choices might help to motivate a shift towards a more sustainable diet in athletes.
Gpr Application for the Characterization of Sinkholes in Teresina, Brazil
Authors: Lago Alexandre Lisboa , Borges Welitom Rodrigues , Barros José Sidney , Amaral Elizângela de Sousa
Published: August 2021

The town of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Brazil, presents a history of land sinking processes. Two sinking events deserve to be highlighted, the first occurred in 1999 at Simplício Mendes street and the other occurred on July 31, 2008, at Francisco Mendes street. In order to identify possible shallow caves and associated structures, the Geological Survey of Brazil/CPRM developed a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) study to verify the occurrence of reflection patterns characteristic of these dissolution structures. In the field, the team conducted GPR sections along streets with a history of collapse. The GPR results obtained with shielded antennas of 200MHz allowed the identification of old areas of collapse of the terrain, to a maximum depth of 3 meters. In addition, the results obtained by this study show the potential of applying the GPR method in the characterization of the subsoil of paved streets, making it possible to identify various layers: asphalt, actual pavement, subgrade pavement, soil, saprolite, and mixed material. The high clay content of the subsoil does not allow the GPR to investigate further depths in the research area. The interpretation of aeromagnetometric data shows that the occurrence of sinkholes is associated with magnetic lineaments mainly in the NW-SE direction and enhances the understanding of the structural framework of the study area.
Karst Geology in Southwest Hubei and Mitigation of Geohazards During Mountain Tunnel Through a Large Karst Cave
Authors: Li Yan-Wei , Lai Hong-Peng , Wu Qiang , Sun Jie
Published: August 2021

The outcrop area of carbonate rocks accounts for 61.6% of the total area in Southwest Hubei. The action of tectonic application, erosion of surface and underground water system, topography, and carbonate geology leads to the formation of large karst caves, and their features are as following: considerably large, long and narrow, winding and in different forms. Limited by route directions, large karst caves would be encountered during tunneling through mountains, therefore causing hazards such as instability of the karst cave, water or stone ingress, damage to the tunnel, and long-term instability. A case study of mountain tunnel through a large karst cave is presented. The large karst cave is formed due to the erosion of limestone by two underground river systems. The length, width and volume of the cavity of the large karst cave are about 139 m, 91 m and 4.3×105 m3. The large karst cave is overall stable without strong external factors. Engineering proposals and treatment of the large karst cave are introduced. The small pipe grouting method is used to treat the foundation. Two kinds of lining structure schemes are adopted, double lining open-cut tunnel structure, and traditional tunnel structure after backfill. The water outside the lining of the open-cut tunnel is introduced into the tunnel ditch and discharged through the tunnel drainage system. Monitoring and measurement during tunneling construction and operation process are introduced.
A Novel Pyroptosis-related Gene Signature for Prognostic Prediction of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Qian Xiaoyu , Tang Jian , Chu Yongquan , Chen Ziqiang , Chen Liang , Shen Chao , Li Lin
Published: August 2021

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an extremely heterogeneous malignant cancer with poor prognosis. Pyroptosis is defined as a novel inflammation-dependent programmed cell death. However,the pyroptosis-associated genes expression in HNSCC and their relationship with prognosis is still indistinct.Material and Methods: We acquired HNSCC patients’ mRNA expression information from TCGA and GEO publicly available. We compared tumor issues and adjacent normal tissues in terms of the gene expression, for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Based on these genes, we established a risk signature by the LASSO Cox regression in the TCGA cohort and validated in a GEO cohort. We also verified the levels of relevant mRNA expression in the model by RT-qPCR. Eventually, functional enrichment approach was carried out to explore the potential mechanisms.Results: Our team found a total of 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HNSCC and healthy sample, and 4 DEGs displayed a remarkable association with the overall survival (OS) (P< 0.05). A 4-gene signature was constructed, presenting beneficial forecast power both in TCGA and GEO cohort. Our team categorized cases into a group with high risk and another group with low risk in the light of the average risk value of the 4-gene feature. Cases in the low risk group displayed a notably greater OS compared with the high risk one (P< 0.01). The Cox regression study demonstrated the independent forecast capability of the risk score. The receiver operating characteristic approach facilitated the verification of the forecast function of the gene signature. Posterior to verification, the 4 genes were aberrantly expressed in HNSCC and healthy samples.Functional study displayed that these groups registered diverse immunity conditions. Conclusions: Pyroptosis-associated genes paly an vital role in the prognosis of HNSCC and could be an potential therapeutic target.
Gut microbiota modulates lung fibrosis severity following acute lung injury
Authors: Chioma Ozioma , Hesse Laura , Mallott Elizabeth , Chapman Austin , Amburg Joseph Van , Wu Hongmei , Shah-Gandhi Binal , Piazuelo M. Blanca , Johnson Joyce , Bernard Gordon , Bodduluri Sobha , Davison Steven , Haribabu Bodduluri , Bordenstein Seth , Drake Wonder
Published: August 2021

Independent reports note the significance of gut microbiota on lung disease severity; however, studies using murine models to define the role of the gut microbiome in pulmonary fibrosis progression are missing. We used the bleomycin murine model to quantify lung fibrosis in C57BL/6J mice housed in germ-free, animal biosafety level 1 (ABSL-1), or animal biosafety level 2 (ABSL-2) environments. Mice housed in gnotobiotic facilities are protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, while ABSL-1 and ABSL-2 mice develop mild fibrosis and severe lung fibrosis, respectively. Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota revealed greater microbial diversity in ABSL-1 compared to ABSL-2 mice, with an increased presence of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium in ABSL-1 mice. Flow cytometric analysis of single-cell lung suspensions revealed enhanced IL-6/STAT3 /IL-17A signaling in CD4+ T cells of ABSL-2 mice, compared to ABSL-1 or germ-free mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of low microbial diverse stool (ABSL-2) into germ-free mice before bleomycin administration recapitulated the severe fibrosis phenotype, whereas FMT of ABSL-1 stool induced minimal fibrosis. These findings strongly support a causal role of the gut microbiota in augmenting pulmonary fibrosis severity after acute lung injury.