bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Melalui Program Edukasi Persiapan Meng-Asi-Hi Pada Ibu Hamil Di Desa Tri Dharma Wirajaya Tulang Bawang
Authors: Astriana Astriana , Susilawati Susilawati , Natalia Descha Anita
Published: August 2022

Pendahuluan Masih banyak ibu yang memberikan makanan tambahan pengganti ASI yaitu Susu formula kepada bayi yang berumur kurang dari empat bulan. Berdasarkan data diketahui bahwa sebanyak 30,7% bayi < 6 bulan tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif, dimana tertinggi di  Kabupaten Pringsewu sebesar 46,3% dan terendah di Tulang bawnag  sebesar 18,3% sedangkan Kabupaten Lampung Timur sebesar 26,5%. Tujuan : untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai persiapan mneg- ASI-HiMetode: penyuluhan dengan ceramah, diskusi dan demosntrasi. Peserta sebanyak 4 ibu hamil. Media yang di berikan adalah leaflet.Hasil Kegiatan di lakukan di salah satu rumah warga dengan 4 ibu hamil. Pelaksanaan di lakukan selama kurang lebih 90 menit. Pelaksanaan kegiatan di lakukan dengan langkah – langkah yang sudah di susun pada SAP sebelumnya. Pelaksanaan di lakukan secara hikmat, rangkaian persiapan sudah di sediakan seperti media leaflet untuk di bagikan kepaa ibu hamil. Kesimpulan : Hasil intervensi penyuluhan mengenai program Meng-ASI-Hi pada ibu hamil di dapatkan hasil yang baik dimana ibu hamil dapat menjawab pertanyaan yang di berikan mengenai ASI, menyusui, pijat oxitosin, dan perawatan payudara. Selain itu ibu hamil terlihat senang dan berjanji dan berniat akan memberikan Asi secara eklusif. Kata Kunci :ASI, persiapan, ibu hamil ABSTRACT Introduction There are still many mothers who provide complementary foods to replace breast milk Susu formula for babies who are less than four months old. Based on the data, it is known that 30.7% of infants < 6 months were not exclusively breastfed, where the highest was in Pringsewu Regency at 46.3% and the lowest was in Tulang Bawnag at 18.3% while East Lampung Regency was 26.5%.Purpose: to increase knowledge of pregnant women about preparation for breastfeeding-Hi. Methods: counseling with lectures, discussions and demonstrations. Participants were 4 pregnant women. The media provided is a leaflet.Result The activity was carried out in a resident's house with 4 pregnant women. Implementation is carried out for approximately 90 minutes. The implementation of activities is carried out with the steps that have been compiled in the previous SAP. The implementation is done wisely, a series of preparations have been provided such as media leaflets to be distributed to pregnant women.  Conclusion: The results of the intervention regarding the Meng-ASI-Hi program in pregnant women obtained good results where pregnant women were able to answer questions given about breastfeeding, breastfeeding, oxytocin massage, and breast care. In addition, pregnant women are happy and promise to provide exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: ASI, preparation, pregnant women
El prorrateo en la Real Cárcel de Nueva Galicia a finales del siglo XVIII
Authors: Silva Luna Alejandra Karina
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo se realizó con los documentos localizados en el Archivo de la Real Audiencia de Guadalajara, los cuales hablan de proveer a la Real Cárcel de Nueva Galicia, y la solución que las autoridades creyeron conveniente para mantener a salvo a los presos, pues, la situación económica para la manutención no era sencilla. El prorrateo vecinal, fue organizado durante varios años, pues las peticiones y las gestiones para que se llevara a cabo la alimentación de los reos no fueron del todo fáciles. Guadalajara durante el siglo XVIII, tuvo desesperación e incertidumbre, lo que ayudó a generar un sentimiento de identidad entre los pobladores de la región neogallega.
Análisis iconográfico e iconológico de la Coatlicue
Authors: Cruz Rocha Pamela
Published: August 2022

Los símbolos son elementos constantes en el arte prehispánico, es por ello que gracias a los estudios iconográficos se pueden comprender mejor la historia, tradiciones y valores del México prehispánico. En el presente artículo se hace un breve análisis de la Coatlicue, una deidad náhuatl que tenía una personalidad dual: era a la vez madre y representación de la muerte, este aspecto era algo propio de los dioses de esta cultura. El análisis se hace a partir de un monolito de piedra, el cual permite entender la cosmovisión de estos pueblos a través de sus mitos, pero sobre todo la importancia de esta diosa.
Breve descripción de la medicina mexica
Authors: Rivera Hernández Luz Elena
Published: August 2022

Dentro de la cultura mexica, la medicina tenía un carácter mágico-religioso, había una división de acuerdo con las funciones médicas que se realizaban y una jerarquización. Los médicos eran llamados ticitl, y eran considerados sanadores, magos y sacerdotes. Los mexicas creían que la salud de un hombre se daba gracias al equilibrio entre el frío y el calor y cuando este balance se rompía, aparecía la enfermedad. En este trabajo se tratan tres aspectos en los que se dividían las artes médicas: la religión, la magia y el conocimiento empírico. Los conocimientos se pasaban de forma oral, se heredaban de padre a hijo, y posteriormente se plasmaron en los códices.
Paganismo: religión racional y origen del cristianismo
Authors: García de Loera Alejandra
Published: August 2022

El paganismo era una religión politeísta practicada por los romanos antes del cristianismo, y después de éste fue considerado como una ideología que debía ser eliminada y sus practicantes eran llamados herejes. Los romanos encontraban a un dios en cada fenómeno natural, y se fundamentaban en bases filosóficas, como las aristotélicas y platónicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que el paganismo no tendría que ser visto en un sentido peyorativo, pues desarrollaban varias actividades culturales y religiosas, también se analizan las semejanzas y diferencias que tiene con el catolicismo. Para ello, se parte de un panorama general de ambas religiones.
La rebelión de los pasquines en Arequipa, 1780
Authors: Choque Carmona Ana Cecilia
Published: August 2022

A mediados del siglo XVIII se instauraron una serie de reformas en el Virreinato de Perú. Debido a estas, la ciudad de Arequipa realizó diversos reclamos, tanto pacíficos como violentos. ¿Cuáles fueron los motivos por los que una ciudad catalogada como “Muy noble y muy leal” se sublevara contra la monarquía? ¿Fue un deseo independentista? O, ¿existieron intereses particulares en juego?

Para esto, se propone un acercamiento a los pensamientos predominantes de los sectores agraviados —hacendados y burguesía comercial—, examinando los factores internos y externos que pudieron llevar a la población de Arequipa a la rebelión.
Centralizando el territorio y la administración provincial. La instauración del sistema de intendencias de 1786 en la Nueva España. El caso de Yucatán
Authors: Sánchez Moo Wilberth Gabriel
Published: August 2022

En este artículo de investigación se analizan las transformaciones territoriales y administrativas que se presentaron en el virreinato de la Nueva España tras la instauración de la Intendencia, esto a través del estudio del caso de la provincia de Yucatán. La aplicación del sistema de intendencias de 1786 supuso un cambio coyuntural político-administrativo en todas las regiones del Virreinato, lo que provocó, según las necesidades de la Corona, una innovación en la administración de las provincias que, en adelante, debido al articulado comprendido en la Real Ordenanza, pasaron a llamarse intendencias y estuvieron al mando de un Intendente junto con sus funcionarios auxiliares los subdelegados.
En pos de los hijos pródigos. Desbandada del episcopado mexicano
Authors: Ramírez Hurtado Luciano
Published: August 2022

Reseña del libro Los desterrados. Exiliados católicos de la Revolución Mexicana en Texas, 1914-1919 de Yolanda Padilla Rangel.
La novela histórica Los de abajo de Mariano Azuela
Authors: Muñiz Leal Cristina Abril
Published: August 2022

La obra que abrió la corriente literaria de la novela posrevolucionaria fue Los de Abajo de Mariano Azuela. Escrita en 1915, esta magna creación de la literatura mexicana se ha vuelto lectura obligada para quienes deseen conocer más sobre un periodo histórico de nuestro país que rompió paradigmas: la Revolución Mexicana. Al ser un verdadero retrato de una época pasada e interesante, merece un estudio que hable de sus orígenes, sus características, su contexto y su trama, por lo que este artículo se plantea analizarla y describirla de manera breve pero suficiente.
Repensar la historia desde la interdisciplinariedad. El caso de la historia cultural
Authors: García Díaz Jorge R.
Published: August 2022

El estudio analiza la relación de la historia con las distintas ciencias sociales reflexionando con respecto al papel de la historia y sus múltiples lazos con la literatura, la sociología y la antropología, argumentando sobre la posibilidad de comprender la sociedad y su historia a través de reflexiones culturales y sociales. A si mismo, el autor entabla un dialogo con éstas para exponer las dificultades que se pueden presentar, así como los factores que enriquecen la investigación cultural desde la interdisciplinariedad. Finalmente, el autor establece cuatro puntos clave para englobar la importancia de los estudios históricos a partir de su relación con la cultura y las ciencias sociales.
Conceptos nahuas en el juego de pelota
Authors: Carlos Romo Jesús Ernesto
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre la simbología que trae consigo el juego de pelota. El autor aborda conceptos clave para comprender el pensamiento de la cultura nahua, analizando su funcionamiento dentro del juego, para ello se remite a los mitos y relatos propios de la cultura prehispánica mexicana, a sí mismo se expone las particularidades del juego de pelota. De igual manera, expone los principios del juego de pelota y su simbolismo en términos religiosos y místicos, el trabajo busca de manera significativa entablar un dialogo entre los aspectos culturales y las expresiones rituales que se manifestaban en el juego.
Intrahistoria en la obra de Carlos Fuentes
Authors: Pomar Ojeda Marcela
Published: August 2022

La definición de Historia puede prestarse a múltiples interpretaciones que van desde el conocimiento del pasado como un artículo de lujo y la posesión de una memoria privilegiada para almacenar hechos, fechas o personajes, hasta el entendimiento de ella como un relato oficial que sirve a los intereses del poder. El significado de tal palabra se ha complejizado, adquiriendo un carácter científico cuya función social de explicación no se discute. Así, el ensayo pretende incluir en esa idea el término de "intrahistoria", cuya creación pertenece al filósofo decimonónico español Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936), en unión con la obra de Carlos Fuentes, a fin de demostrar la relación irrompible entre la disciplina histórica y la literatura.
Iturbide: De la divinidad al oprobio
Authors: Moreno Romero Juan Humberto
Published: August 2022

La figura de Agustín de Iturbide y su rescate por la historiografía mexicana son siempre causantes de polémica. Él, pese a su importante papel en la obtención de la emancipación de España en 1821, es percibido por los historiadores y sus obras como un villano que no merece ser recordado o repensado, aumentando así los prejuicios que rodean al personaje con calificativos que lo tachan de ambicioso, corrupto y calculador. Las distintas historias que se han producido desde el nacimiento de México hasta la actualidad lo retoman de diversas maneras, predominando entre ellas las negativas, sin embargo, el que fuera el primer emperador nuestra historia, también fue visto como divinidad. Es precisamente la transición de ella al vilipendio colectivo lo que atañe a este trabajo, que no busca sino reflexionar sobre ella y los discursos que la manifiestan.
Periodismo Cultural Atoctli. Entre lo que se dice y lo que es
Authors: Martínez Luis Mauricio
Published: August 2022

Reseña del proyecto de Periodismo Cultural Atoctli, creado por el autor.
De la fantasía a la realidad: Palinuro en la escalera
Authors: Ramírez Morales Ana Cristina
Published: August 2022

Este ensayo se centra en el movimiento estudiantil de 1968 en el cual varios estudiantes fueron masacrados a causa de la represión del gobierno. Por otra parte se menciona al personaje “Palinuro” de los griegos, el cual se sacrifica por la supervivencia de sus compañeros y el de Fernando del Paso con el que se realiza una analogía cuando los jóvenes estudiantes que debían ser sacrificados por un “Dios de la política”, para que la nación se encontrara a salvo. Asimismo se hace alusión a la Comedia del Arte en México, la cual hacía que las personas tomaran conciencia de lo que ocurre en su entorno y nación.
Verano en 1914. La ciudad de Aguascalientes previo a la realización de la Soberana Convención Revolucionaria
Authors: Ramírez Hurtado Luciano
Published: August 2022

Precedente a la Soberana Convención Revolucionaria, el panorama del estado de Aguascalientes era parcialmente incierto, las modificaciones y problemáticas en el ámbito político, económico y social por la llegada de los diferentes movimientos como la Primera División del Centro y los presos de guerra favorecieron la incertidumbre de la población. El restablecimiento de los cargos políticos, la información permutada dentro de la misma entidad que buscaba rehacer la posición del poder también formaba parte de la depuración del régimen anterior. La economía se vio duramente afectada ante las relaciones comerciales entre los estados, la escasez de productos y la reducción de monedas en circulación se vieron obligados a buscar métodos alternativos para apoyar la economía.
Perspectiva geográfico-histórica del desarrollo azteca
Authors: Díaz de León José Francisco
Published: August 2022

El artículo describe como gracias a la relación entre historia y geografía surge la geografía histórica, la cual consiste en el estudio del hombre en el pasado y su interacción con la naturaleza. De tal manera se describe el origen de la cultura azteca, así como el territorio geográfico en el cual se ubicaban sus asentamientos y edificaciones. Por otro lado se mencionan las actividades con las cuales subsistían, un buen ejemplo es la agricultura en chinampas. También se alude a la expansión del imperio hacia otros territorios y su máximo esplendor, así como su caída a manos de las tropas de Hernán Cortés en 1521.
CEMI contribution to formation of Runet. Information projects
Authors: Akinshin Anatoly
Published: August 2022

This review is a continuation of the text «CEMI contribution to formation of Runet. Infrastructure projects» where important infrastructure telecommunications projects by employees of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1992 - RAS) were described. CEMI scientists not only improved the technological infrastructure of the Runet, but also created its software and information tools. The present paper describes their unique developments: «AU!» rubricator, the most important information resource for that time, as well as Socionet information system, which has fully retained its significance to the present day. In addition, the joint work with the ISC RAS on the project «Electronic Library Scientific Heritage of Russia», which used the Institute's developments, is mentioned.
Risk measures and quantitative indicators of solvency
Authors: Malinovskii Vsevolod
Published: August 2022

In the article, upper and lower bounds are given for a function implicitly defined by a non-linear equation obtained by equating the probability of non-ruin in a finite time to a pre-selected constant. This equation arises in the collective model of risk, when an economic indicator, called non-ruin capital, is examined. The mathematical problem under consideration is the theoretical foundation for developing quantitative requirements for reserves, which is an essential part of various practical regulation systems, such as Solvency II and Swiss Solvency Test.
Digital technologies revives planning
Authors: Makarov Valery
Published: August 2022

This article describes tasks and problems of state planning in the context of the development of digital technologies. Special attention is paid to the creation of digital twins. The article also deals with possible tools and methods of modern planning at different management levels and its ways to work with big data.
Osteomalacia As a Rare Complication of Intravenous Iron Supplementation
Authors: Tepper Philippa , Ekaldious Adel , Tepper Bianca
Published: August 2022

Iron deficiency (ID) and Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) are very common among patients with chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease and pre-menopausal and pregnant women. Both ID and IDA can be managed effectively with intravenous Iron supplementation, which has been shown to be superior to oral Iron therapy. We are presenting a patient in her third trimester of pregnancy, who was diagnosed with IDA and treated with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose. This patient developed a rare complication of osteomalacia, which presented as a diagnostic challenged leading to ongoing symptoms until the appropriate diagnosis was made.
Walk the Talk: A Program Model of Community-Oriented Primary Health Care
Authors: RR Love , R Salim
Published: August 2022

While there is a dearth of value-based primary care services in low- and middle-income countries, primary care has been demonstrated to be associated with enhanced access to health services and better health outcomes. The demonstrated barriers to high-quality primary care are under-resourcing, inadequate payment models, lack of community linkages, limited scope and comprehensiveness, limited integration with other components of the health system, and unexciting/unattractive conditions for physicians. Based on global data, we propose a transformative community-oriented primary care program model with a network of ambulatory, virtual, and comprehensive community services. Community-oriented primary care is medical practice that undertakes responsibility for the health of a defined population. Key components of this medical service program are 1. Community health workers (CHWs) responsible for specific populations, with expanded portfolios to provide communicable and noncommunicable disease home health care, health education, and disease registry maintenance; 2. A 24/7 virtual care service to back up and supplement CHW activities; 3. A primary care ambulatory service facility with major paraprofessional-specialist conduct of routine processes and record-keeping utilizing algorithmic guidelines; 4. Multiple point-of-care diagnostic capacities and immediate tele-consults for both ambulatory facility and CHW services; 5. A customized interoperable electronic medical record system, focused on patient care functionalities such as charting and decision-support; 6. Wireless broadband connections for all program workers; and 7. Sustainable economics with revenue from locally determined subscription systems, sliding scale fees for services from ambulatory care facilities, limited CHW service fees, core per capita government support, research projects, and philanthropy.
Transferring road safety knowledge from road safety specialists empowering peer influencers in Cambodia: turning adversity into success during the pandemic
Authors: Shuey Ray , Sann Socheata , Chhi Kolbotra , Kong Sovann
Published: August 2022

During the global pandemic, an international road safety on-line collaboration between Australia and Cambodia was initiated to design, develop and deliver a virtual training course in June/July 2021. Ten highly experienced Australian and Cambodian road safety practitioners voluntarily combined with the enthusiasm and dedication of 53 committed Cambodian young peer influencers to achieve highly productive results. In the month following the training sessions, the youth syndicates produced promotional leaflets, banners, infographics and 10 short videos to deliver tailored messages to over 26,000 community members in villages and cities in Cambodia. The communications media included Facebook and TikTok as well as workshops and direct messaging at vaccination points. This program epitomises what can be achieved with the goodwill of road safety professionals using an international network to combine with enthusiastic, dedicated and committed youth peer influencers, all within a framework of voluntary community services. Actions, outcomes and the impact of this knowledge-transfer and youth empowerment initiative is presented as an example of a successful road safety intervention.
Automated detection of motorcycle helmet use
Authors: Merali Hasan , Murphy Orla , Singh Devika , McNicholas Paul
Published: August 2022

Road traffic collisions are among the top ten causes of death worldwide with more than 1.3 million deaths annually (WHO, 2018). Riders of motorised two- and three-wheelers are more vulnerable to injury and death and make up 28% of global road traffic deaths. In some regions, such as South-East Asia, this number is as high as 43% (WHO, 2018). Correct helmet use reduces the risk of death by 42% and the risk of head injuries by 62% (Liu, Ivers, Blows, Lo, & Norton, 2008). Increasing motorcycle helmet usage to close to 100% by 2030 has been identified as one of the twelve road safety targets by the Global Road Safety Partnership (WHO, 2018). Despite the clear benefits of wearing a helmet, increasing helmet use is challenging especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A large-scale helmet use media campaign in Thailand over five years showed no benefit (Patummasut, Phewchean, & Sirirattanapa, 2019). While legislating helmet use has shown a clear benefit, there is a disparity between the legislative benefit in high-income countries (HICs) compared to LMICs, with LMICs showing lower use of helmets and less reduction in brain injuries (Lepard, Spagiari, & Park, 2021).
A Theory of Liberty
Authors: Bagnall Gary
Published: August 2022

A new theory addressing orthodoxy issues: - If 'liberty' is self- evident, why no consensus? - How to reconcile 'liberty’ as autonomy, with communal? - How to reconcile liberty with 'tolerance', 'paternalism' and 'social welfare'? Is 'liberty' not self-refuting? - In liberal societies, why is liberty for many an aspiration not social reality? - Why do rules designed to promote liberty often fail, even when generally adhered to? Elements of ‘liberty as communal freedom’: - Liberty is not perfect autarchy or autonomy, but autarchic action through integral individuality, understood communally. - Liberty is 'communal freedom'’, the primary suprametavlue. - 'Freedom through communal living' involves deference and tolerance. 'Liberty' is freedom through tolerance. - Rejecting 'rights-primitive' individuality negates ‘paternalism’. - Welfare needs are part of liberty. - Liberty cannot be at the expense of others. - 'Good' political arrangements are nonpersonal and anti- situational, whereas liberty is character regarding and situational.
Risk of Stunting Events in Toddlers in the Palolo Health Center Work Area of Sigi Regency
Authors: Hadina  , Jesdika Longulo Olkamien , Marselina Katiandagho Laura
Published: August 2022

Background: The Palolo Health Center is in fifth place out of 19 health centers in Sigi district that have stunting toddlers, namely 198 toddlers out of 1335 toddlers at the Palolo Health Center. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of stunting in children under five in the work area of ​​the Palolo Public Health Center, Sigi Regency. Methods: This study is an analytic survey using a retrospective case control. The study was conducted in March-April 2021. A sample of 116 children under five, consisting of 58 cases who experienced stunting and 58 cases that did not experience stunting, used a 1:1 comparison with gender matching. The sampling technique was probably sampling, using proportional random sampling in 15 villages. Data analysis used univariate to determine the distribution of independent frequency variables. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square test and Odds Ratio. The results of the analysis showed that the history of breastfeeding obtained p value = 0.034 (<0.05) and OR = 0.44, Birth Weight obtained p value = 0.002 (<0.05) and OR = 3.36 and Birth Body Length obtained a value p=0.041 (<0.05) and OR = 2.16.
Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, and birth length with the incidence of stuntin. It is hoped that health workers will increase the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding and improve the quality of ANC.
Modified Mineral Trioxide Aggregate—A Versatile Dental Material: An Insight on Applications and Newer Advancements
Authors: Pushpalatha C. , Dhareshwar Vismaya , Sowmya S. V. , Augustine Dominic , Vinothkumar Thilla Sekar , Renugalakshmi Apathsakayan , Shaiban Amal , Kakti Ateet , Bhandi Shilpa H. , Dubey Alok , Rai Amulya V. , Patil Shankargouda
Published: August 2022

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has been a material of revolution in the field of dentistry since its introduction in the 1990s. It is being extensively used for perforation repairs, apexification, root-end filling, obturation, tooth fracture repair, regenerative procedures, apexogenesis, pulpotomies, and as a pulp-capping material because of its desired features such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, hydrophilicity, sealing ability, and low solubility. Even though its application is wide, it has its own drawbacks that prevent it from reaching its full potential as a comprehensive replacement material, including a long setting time, discoloration, mud-like consistency, and poor handling characteristics. MTA is a material of research interest currently, and many ongoing studies are still in process. In this review, the newer advancements of this versatile material by modification of its physical, chemical, and biological properties, such as change in its setting time, addressing the discoloration issue, inclusion of antimicrobial property, improved strength, regenerative ability, and biocompatibility will be discussed. Hence, it is important to have knowledge of the traditional and newer advancements of MTA to fulfill the shortcomings associated with the material.
The role of microenvironment in stem cell-based regeneration of intervertebral disc
Authors: Chu Genglei , Zhang Weidong , Han Feng , Li Kexin , Liu Chengyuan , Wei Qiang , Wang Huan , Liu Yijie , Han Fengxuan , Li Bin
Published: August 2022

Regenerative medicine for intervertebral disc (IVD) disease, by utilizing chondrocytes, IVD cells, and stem cells, has progressed to clinical trials in the treatment of back pain, and has been studied in various animal models of disc degeneration in the past decade. Stem cells exist in their natural microenvironment, which provides vital dynamic physical and chemical signals for their survival, proliferation and function. Long-term survival, function and fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) depend on the microenvironment in which they are transplanted. However, the transplanted MSCs and the endogenous disc cells were influenced by the complicated microenvironment in the degenerating disc with the changes of biochemical and biophysical components. It is important to understand how the MSCs and endogenous disc cells survive and thrive in the harsh microenvironment of the degenerative disc. Furthermore, materials containing stem cells and their natural microenvironment have good clinical effects. However, the implantation of tissue engineering IVD (TE-IVD) cannot provide a complete and dynamic microenvironment for MSCs. IVD graft substitutes may need further improvement to provide the best engineered MSC microenvironment. Additionally, the IVD progenitor cells inside the stem cell niches have been regarded as popular graft cells for IVD regeneration. However, it is still unclear whether actual IVD progenitor cells exist in degenerative spinal conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is fourfold: to discuss the presence of endogenous stem cells; to review and summarize the effects of the microenvironment in biological characteristics of MSC, especially those from IVD; to explore the feasibility and prospects of IVD graft substitutes and to elaborate state of the art in the use of MSC transplantation for IVD degeneration in vivo as well as their clinical application.
Dyslexia associated gene KIAA0319 regulates cell cycle during human neuroepithelial cell development
Authors: Paniagua Steven , Cakir Bilal , Hu Yue , Kiral Ferdi Ridvan , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Xiang Yangfei , Patterson Benjamin , Gruen Jeffrey R. , Park In-Hyun
Published: August 2022

Dyslexia, also known as reading disability, is defined as difficulty processing written language in individuals with normal intellectual capacity and educational opportunity. The prevalence of dyslexia is between 5 and 17%, and the heritability ranges from 44 to 75%. Genetic linkage analysis and association studies have identified several genes and regulatory elements linked to dyslexia and reading ability. However, their functions and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Prominent among these is KIAA0319, encoded in the DYX2 locus of human chromosome 6p22. The association of KIAA0319 with reading performance has been replicated in independent studies and different languages. Rodent models suggest that kiaa0319 is involved in neuronal migration, but its role throughout the cortical development is largely unknown. In order to define the function of KIAA0319 in human cortical development, we applied the neural developmental model of a human embryonic stem cell. We knocked down KIAA0319 expression in hESCs and performed the cortical neuroectodermal differentiation. We found that neuroepithelial cell differentiation is one of the first stages of hESC differentiation that are affected by KIAA0319 knocked down could affect radial migration and thus differentiation into diverse neural populations at the cortical layers.
Structural aspects of chemical modifications in the MHC-restricted immunopeptidome; Implications for immune recognition
Authors: Sandalova Tatyana , Sala Benedetta Maria , Achour Adnane
Published: August 2022

Significant advances in mass-spectroscopy (MS) have made it possible to investigate the cellular immunopeptidome, a large collection of MHC-associated epitopes presented on the surface of healthy, stressed and infected cells. These approaches have hitherto allowed the unambiguous identification of large cohorts of epitope sequences that are restricted to specific MHC class I and II molecules, enhancing our understanding of the quantities, qualities and origins of these peptide populations. Most importantly these analyses provide essential information about the immunopeptidome in responses to pathogens, autoimmunity and cancer, and will hopefully allow for future tailored individual therapies. Protein post-translational modifications (PTM) play a key role in cellular functions, and are essential for both maintaining cellular homeostasis and increasing the diversity of the proteome. A significant proportion of proteins is post-translationally modified, and thus a deeper understanding of the importance of PTM epitopes in immunopeptidomes is essential for a thorough and stringent understanding of these peptide populations. The aim of the present review is to provide a structural insight into the impact of PTM peptides on stability of MHC/peptide complexes, and how these may alter/modulate immune responses.
Doping of Sb into Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 absorber layer via Se&Sb2Se3 co-selenization strategy for enhancing open-circuit voltage of kesterite solar cells
Authors: Zhao Benhui , Deng Yueqing , Cao Lei , Zhu Jichun , Zhou Zhengji
Published: August 2022

Kesterite-structured Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film photovoltaics have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of its low-cost and eco-friendly raw material, as well as high theoretical conversion efficiency. However, its photovoltaic performance is hindered by large open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficiency due to the presence of intrinsic defects and defect clusters in the bulk of CZTSSe absorber films. The doping of extrinsic cation to the CZTSSe matrix was adopted as an effective strategy to ameliorate defect properties of the solar cell absorbers. Herein, a novel Se&Sb2Se3 co-selenization process was employed to introduce Sb into CZTSSe crystal lattice. The results reveal that Sb-doping plays an active role in the crystallization and grain growth of CZTSSe absorber layer. More importantly, one of the most seriously detrimental SnZn deep defect is effectively passivated, resulting in significantly reduced deep-level traps and band-tail states compared to Sb free devices. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cell is increased significantly from 9.17% to 11.75%, with a VOC especially enlarged to 505 mV from 449 mV. This insight provides a deeper understanding for engineering the harmful Sn-related deep defects for future high-efficiency CZTSSe photovoltaic devices.
Lycium barbarum Glycopeptide prevents the development and progression of acute colitis by regulating the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Huang Yichun , Zheng Yinghui , Yang Fengmei , Feng Yicheng , Xu Kunyao , Wu Jun , Qu Shuang , Yu Zhexiong , Fan Fu , Huang Lu , Qin Meng , He Zhanlong , Nie Kaili , So Kwok-Fai
Published: August 2022

In most cases, recurrent chronic colitis is caused by the recurrence of acute colitis after incomplete recovery and re-exposure to irritating factors, and the gut microbiome, which is the largest micro-ecosystem in the human body, plays a crucial role in the development of colitis. Plant polysaccharides have always been reported to have the ability for anti-inflammation, and they are closely related to the gut microbiome. Lycium barbarum Glycopeptide (LbGP), the most potent component obtained by further isolation and purification from Lycium barbarum fruit, has been shown to inhibit inflammation in animal models. However, its therapeutic efficacy in colitis and its mechanism in gut microbiota regulation have not been fully studied. In our study, the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model was used to dynamically evaluate the effect of LbGP in the treatment of acute colitis and the mechanism from the perspective of the gut microbiome through the 16S rDNA sequence. The results showed that LbGP treatment significantly alleviated acute colitis and improved the gut microbiome compared with that in the model group. Harmful bacteria, such as Lachnoclostridium spp. and Parabacteroides_distasonis, were inhibited and probiotics, such as Bacteroides_acidifaciens, Lactobacillus spp., Turicibacter spp., and Alistipes spp., were increased by LbGP treatment. Further, a Random Forest analysis with 10-fold cross-validation identified a family named Muribaculaceae representing colitis development and recovery upon LbGP treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the capability of LbGP to prevent the development of acute colitis by regulating the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota and highlighted the dynamic process of gut microbiota with the colitis progression. Further, it provides evidence to develop LbGP as a functional food supplement and future drug acting on intestinal disease.
Potential clinical impact of metagenomic next-generation sequencing of plasma for cervical spine injury with sepsis in intensive care unit: A retrospective study
Authors: Wan Jian , Duan Liwei , Chen Qitong , Wang Lv , Bai Jinxia , Hu Jingyun , Lu Xinyuan , Zhang Tao , Song Wei , Yang Degang , Shan Yi , Yan Zhu
Published: August 2022

Cervical spine injury (CSI) accounts for significant mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), whereas sepsis remains one of the major causes of death in patients with CSI. However, there is no effective method to diagnose sepsis timely. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on the pathogen features and the prognostic prediction of CSI patients with sepsis. A total of 27 blood samples from 17 included patients were tested by mNGS. Data of mNGS were compared with the conventional culture method. The Kaplan–Meier plots were used to visualize survival curves. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent prognostic factors for survival. Results showed that mNGS detected a wide spectrum of pathogens in CSI patients with sepsis, including 129 bacterial species, 8 viral species, and 51 fungal species. mNGS indicated 85.2% positive results, while the conventional culture method only showed 11.1% positive results in the blood samples. Further analyses revealed that mNGS had no prognostic effect on the septic CSI patients in ICU, whereas positive results of blood culture were closely correlated with an increased hazard ratio (HR) (HR 77.7067, 95%CI 2.860–2641.4595, p = 0.0155). Our results suggested that the mNGS application may provide evidence for clinicians to use antibiotics when a CSI case is diagnosed with sepsis.
Assessment of IgG3 as a serological exposure marker for Plasmodium vivax in areas with moderate–high malaria transmission intensity
Authors: Tayipto Yanie , Rosado Jason , Gamboa Dionicia , White Michael T. , Kiniboro Benson , Healer Julie , Opi D. Herbert , Beeson James G. , Takashima Eizo , Tsuboi Takafumi , Harbers Matthias , Robinson Leanne , Mueller Ivo , Longley Rhea J.
Published: August 2022

A more sensitive surveillance tool is needed to identify Plasmodium vivax infections for treatment and to accelerate malaria elimination efforts. To address this challenge, our laboratory has developed an eight-antigen panel that detects total IgG as serological markers of P. vivax exposure within the prior 9 months. The value of these markers has been established for use in areas with low transmission. In moderate–high transmission areas, there is evidence that total IgG is more long-lived than in areas with low transmission, resulting in poorer performance of these markers in these settings. Antibodies that are shorter-lived may be better markers of recent infection for use in moderate–high transmission areas. Using a multiplex assay, the antibody temporal kinetics of total IgG, IgG1, IgG3, and IgM against 29 P. vivax antigens were measured over 36 weeks following asymptomatic P. vivax infection in Papua New Guinean children (n = 31), from an area with moderate–high transmission intensity. IgG3 declined faster to background than total IgG, IgG1, and IgM. Based on these kinetics, IgG3 performance was then assessed for classifying recent exposure in a cohort of Peruvian individuals (n = 590; age 3–85 years) from an area of moderate transmission intensity. Using antibody responses against individual antigens, the highest performance of IgG3 in classifying recent P. vivax infections in the prior 9 months was to one of the Pv-fam-a proteins assessed (PVX_125728) (AUC = 0.764). Surprisingly, total IgG was overall a better marker of recent P. vivax infection, with the highest individual classification performance to RBP2b1986-2653 (PVX_094255) (AUC = 0.838). To understand the acquisition of IgG3 in this Peruvian cohort, relevant epidemiological factors were explored using a regression model. IgG3 levels were positively associated with increasing age, living in an area with (relatively) higher transmission intensity, and having three or more PCR-detected blood-stage P. vivax infections within the prior 13 months. Overall, we found that IgG3 did not have high accuracy for detecting recent exposure to P. vivax in the Peruvian cohort, with our data suggesting that this is due to the high levels of prior exposure required to acquire high IgG3 antibody levels.
Beta diversities of grassland birds indicate the importance of pastoralism for nature conservation of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau
Authors: Li Li , Tietze Dieter Thomas , Fritz Andreas , Basile Marco , Lü Zhi , Storch Ilse
Published: August 2022

The post-2020 global biodiversity framework calls for a transformative change in food systems. Promoting agricultural multifunctionality is a viable approach to this sustainability transformation. The eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is both one of the world’s largest livestock grazing systems and a hotspot of endemic birds in Asia. In this research, we aim to investigate the impact of livestock grazing on alpine bird assemblages at the local scale (alpha diversity) and their variation across the pastoral landscape (beta diversity). In the study area Nyanpo Yutse, we conducted surveys of 126 bird sample plots during two breeding seasons to acquire bird assemblage data. Meanwhile, we employed unmanned aerial vehicles to measure 2D and 3D habitat features within the 150-m radius. We investigated the key habitat variables driving the spatial distributions of both alpha and beta diversities of birds. Particularly, we partitioned beta diversity into its turnover and nestedness components and tested their patterns across sites of four levels of livestock grazing intensities (LGIs). Our results found no significant correlation between LGIs with species richness of birds, while 2D and 3D habitat complexity and built structure were positively correlated with alpha diversity (p < 0.05). At the landscape scale, pairwise LGI differences had no significant correlation (p > 0.05) with any pairwise beta diversity. The ordination plotting detected distinguished habitat preferences among 12 common birds and eight endemic birds. The multiple-site beta diversity of the 126 plots showed high species turnover (>0.871) where LGI was lower than 1.065 sheep units/ha, indicating the importance of moderate grazing for the conservation of diverse avian assemblages at the landscape scale. Our study demonstrated that extensive pastoralism is important for both maintaining the mosaic landscape and conserving avian biodiversity on the eastern QTP. We unveiled one of the ecological mechanisms through which synergies can be realized to support both agricultural production and biodiversity conservation in the Tibetan grazing system.
Base excess is associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Luo Chaodi , Duan Zhenzhen , Zheng Tingting , Li Qian , Wang Danni , Wang Boxiang , Gao Pengjie , Han Dan , Tian Gang
Published: August 2022

Background

Base excess (BE) represents an increase or decrease of alkali reserves in plasma to diagnose acid-base disorders, independent of respiratory factors. Current findings about the prognostic value of BE on mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic significance of BE for short-term all-cause mortality in patients with AMI.

Methods

A total of 2,465 patients diagnosed with AMI in the intensive care unit from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database were included in our study, and we explored the association of BE with 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality using Cox regression analysis. We also used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to evaluate the relationship between BE and hazard ratio (HR). The primary outcomes were 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality.

Results

When stratified according to quantiles, low BE levels at admission were strongly associated with higher 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models revealed that low BE was an independent risk factor of 28-day all-cause mortality [HR 4.158, 95% CI 3.203–5.398 (low vs. normal BE) and HR 1.354, 95% CI 0.896–2.049 (high vs. normal BE)] and 90-day all-cause mortality [HR 4.078, 95% CI 3.160–5.263 (low vs. normal BE) and HR 1.369, 95% CI 0.917–2.045 (high vs. normal BE)], even after adjustment for significant prognostic covariates. The results were also consistent in subgroup analysis. RCS revealed an “L-type” relationship between BE and 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality, as well as adjusting for confounding variables. Meanwhile, Kaplan–Meier survival curves were stratified by combining BE with carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), and patients had the highest mortality in the group which had low BE (< 3.5 mEq/L) and high PaCO2 (> 45 mmHg) compared with other groups.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that low BE was significantly associated with 28-day and 90-day mortality in patients with AMI and indicated the value of stratifying the mortality risk of patients with AMI by BE.
Empagliflozin prevents neointima formation by impairing smooth muscle cell proliferation and accelerating endothelial regeneration
Authors: Dutzmann Jochen , Bode Lena Marie , Kalies Katrin , Korte Laura , Knöpp Kai , Kloss Frederik Julius , Sirisko Mirja , Pilowski Claudia , Koch Susanne , Schenk Heiko , Daniel Jan-Marcus , Bauersachs Johann , Sedding Daniel G.
Published: August 2022

Background

Empagliflozin, an inhibitor of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) and developed as an anti-diabetic agent exerts additional beneficial effects on heart failure outcomes. However, the effect of empagliflozin on vascular cell function and vascular remodeling processes remains largely elusive.

Methods/Results

Immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting revealed SGLT2 to be expressed in human smooth muscle (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC) as well as in murine femoral arteries. In vitro, empagliflozin reduced serum-induced proliferation and migration of human diabetic and non-diabetic SMCs in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, empagliflozin significantly increased the cell count and migration capacity of human diabetic ECs, but not of human non-diabetic ECs. In vivo, application of empagliflozin resulted in a reduced number of proliferating neointimal cells in response to femoral artery wire-injury in C57BL/6J mice and prevented neointima formation. Comparable effects were observed in a streptozocin-induced diabetic model of apolipoprotein E–/– mice. Conclusive to the in vitro-results, re-endothelialization was not significantly affected in C57BL/6 mice, but improved in diabetic mice after treatment with empagliflozin assessed by Evan’s Blue staining 3 days after electric denudation of the carotid artery. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing (RNA-seq) of human SMCs identified the vasoactive peptide apelin to be decisively regulated in response to empagliflozin treatment. Recombinant apelin mimicked the in vitro-effects of empagliflozin in ECs and SMCs.

Conclusion

Empagliflozin significantly reduces serum-induced proliferation and migration of SMCs in vitro and prevents neointima formation in vivo, while augmenting EC proliferation in vitro and re-endothelialization in vivo after vascular injury. These data document the functional impact of empagliflozin on vascular human SMCs and ECs and vascular remodeling in mice for the first time.