bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revitalising Small Historical Villages through Social, Economic, Cultural and Energy Efficiency Assets
Authors: Sacchetti Laura , Piaia Emanuele , Frighi Valentina , Spasari Ilaria
Published: April 2023

Cultural heritage and historical buildings, accounting for over 30% of the overall European building stock, need to be preserved as much as possible, on account of their role in representing the cultural identity of a community, and to be renovated in response to the sociocultural need to maintain historical cities and the environmental need to reduce the global energy demand of existing buildings.

Small historical villages, and in particular those with fewer than 5.000 inhabitants, are undergoing a declining process, due to the lack of infrastructure, services, cultural attractiveness and because of the inadequate actions aimed at their valorisation. They are often underused, abandoned or neglected, thus risking to be affected by severe degradation. For this reason, European and national directives strongly encourage actions targeting the revitalisation of small villages, in order to preserve their historical heritage and improve their energy efficiency. This study aims at investigating Italian examples of revitalisation of small historical towns, showcasing what strategies they employed for the maximisation of social engagement and inclusion, reduction of the environmental impact and energy efficiency improvement. This paper will propose a methodological approach leading towards the creation of Energy Communities within small historical villages, not only addressing the need for clean energy supply and environmental impact mitigation, but also respecting and preserving the heritage value and covering the social, economic, cultural aspects of the revitalisation.
Exploring the community energy actions to alleviate energy poverty in the Greek context
Authors: Konstantopoulos Georgios , Kanellou Eleni , Kontogiannis Konstantinos
Published: April 2023

Energy poverty is a significant problem in Greece, affecting many people and exacerbating social inequality. Lack of access to affordable and reliable energy negatively impacts health, comfort, and economic opportunities, with long-term consequences for communities. While various initiatives have been implemented to address energy poverty, energy communities are emerging as a promising approach to tackle this issue. Energy communities refer to groups of people who come together to produce, consume, and manage their energy resources collectively. They enable households and communities to reduce their energy bills, improve living conditions, and enhance social and economic resilience. Energy communities can also stimulate local development and promote renewable energy technologies, contributing to a more sustainable and equitable energy system. This paper reviews energy poverty alleviation actions by community energy initiatives across Europe, identifies best practices and challenges, and proposes relevant energy poverty alleviation actions for energy communities in Greece. The paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate on how energy communities can contribute in energy poverty alleviation.
Political representation of medical doctors in Switzerland’s executive and legislative branches in 2023
Authors: Smith Alexander , Buadze Anna , Stute Petra , Liebrenz Michael
Published: April 2023

Background: Healthcare policy is an important societal concern in Switzerland, often dominating the national agenda. In other countries, studies have explored the influence of physicians in public office on healthcare policies, but little is known about the representation of medical doctors in Switzerland's political structures, despite ongoing health-related debates.  

Methods: In January 2023, we examined the proportion of registered doctors currently serving in Swiss governmental branches: the executive (the Federal Council) and the legislative (the Council of States and the National Council, together the United Federal Assembly). We used publicly available information to demarcate Federal, State, and National Councillors with professional medical backgrounds. We subsequently verified physician registrations using the Federal Office of Public Health’s “Register of Medical Professionals” (MedReg)

Results: Six physicians registered in MedReg were identified across the Federal Council and the United Federal Assembly in 2023, equivalent to 2.37% of the total number of Councillors in these chambers. This corresponds to 14.20% of members in the Federal Council (the executive chamber) and 2.03% of members in the United Federal Assembly (the legislative chamber).

Conclusions: Rates of physicians sitting in Switzerland’s Federal Council and United Federal Assembly are higher than general population trends for doctors per person. Nonetheless, physicians in Swiss legislative positions are proportionally lower than comparative data from the United States. We highlight how existing professional frameworks may already ensure medical doctors are sufficiently participating in Swiss healthcare debates outside of formal roles. We also suggest that more international evidence is needed to determine the benefits of physicians serving in public office.
First record of Lonomia camox Lemaire, 1971 (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) in Brazil
Authors: Xavier Filho Francisco Felipe , Lourido Gilcélia Melo
Published: April 2023

Lonomia Walker, 1855 is a genus of Lepidoptera belonging to the Saturniidae whose caterpillars have a defense system based on scoli connected to venom glands, which can cause medical accidents of envenomation, thereby making this genus medically important. In this work, Lonomia camox Lemaire, 1971, is recorded for the first time in Brazil, more specifically in the state of Amazonas. Photographs of male and female genitalia and an updated map with new occurrence records are presented.
Droga do niepodległości Ukraińskiej Socjalistycznej Republiki Sowieckiej
Authors: Kordas Karol
Published: April 2023

This chapter describes 30 years of struggle of Ukraine to become a sovereign state, independent of Russian political influence. In the 1990s, Ukraine gained independence from the Soviet Union. The Communist Party of Ukraine and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were outlawed, and then Leonid Kravchuk was elected president. The first years of Ukraine’s independence were marked by a deep economic crisis. However, despite these difficulties, it was possible to take the first steps towards cooperation with the countries of Western Europe, the USA and NATO. The new millennium is a period of increasing friction between government and the opposition. Electoral rigging is starting to deepen divisions within society. The spark that led to the so-called Revolution of Dignity was President Viktor Yanukovych’s refusal to sign an association agreement with the European Union (EU). Seeing the changes taking place in the Ukrainian people seeking to strengthen relations with the EU and the USA, Russia began to attack Ukraine militarily. At that time, it illegally annexed the Crimean Peninsula and supported the separatists of the Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics (DRL, LPRL) seeking to annex these areas to the borders of the Russian state. After that time, Ukrainians began to introduce more and more economic and political reforms strengthening the state and eliminating the influence of oligarchs on the government. International efforts to increase cooperation with Western European countries have also been stepped up. Ukraine’s attempts to become completely independent from Russian influence did not appeal to the Kremlin elite. President Putin, together with his colleagues, decided to stop these actions, thereby declaring war on his neighbour.
Jak wygrać wojnę informacyjną? Komunikowanie polityczne Ukrainy
Authors: Lukhtan Anastasiia , Bąk Marcin
Published: April 2023

This chapter deals with the political communication of the Ukrainian authorities, in particular President Volodymyr Zelensky and Minister of Foreign Affairs Dmytro Kuleba in the context of the war in Ukraine. The chapter contains information on how to build a narrative, create a coherent image on the international arena by the Ukrainian side. Numerous messages of selected entities over time are analysed. The following parts of the chapter analyse what challenges Ukraine faces in the fight against Russian propaganda and what steps should be taken to strengthen the effectiveness of the country’s political communication. This chapter presents the importance of effective communication in the context of information warfare and the methods and strategies that Ukraine uses to win this war in difficult conflict conditions.
Highlighting the latest research: April 2023
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: April 2023

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail.
The Protection by Vitamin E Against Tramadol-Induced Proconvulsant Effects and Brain Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats
Authors: Abdel-Salam Omar M.E. , Mohamed Sayed Marawan Abd El Baset , A. Omara Enayat , A. Sleem Amany
Published: April 2023

We investigated the effect of the opioid analgesic tramadol on the development of epileptic seizures and neuronal injury and the possible modulatory effect of vitamin E (Vit E) in rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus. Rats received repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of PTZ till the development of status epilepticus and were pretreated once with tramadol (30, 60 or 90 mg/kg), vitamin E (Vit E, 70 mg/kg) or both tramadol (90 mg/kg) and Vit E (70 mg/kg) prior to starting PTZ injections. Seizure scores, the latency time and the PTZ dose for each group required to reach status epilepticus were determined and histopathological examination of the brain tissue was done. Results indicated that tramadol produced both anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects. The anticonvulsant effects of tramadol were observed for facial twitching (stage 1), convulsive body waves (stage 2), and myoclonic jerks and rearing (stage 3) and turn over onto one side position (stage 4) that were significantly inhibited by tramadol. In contrast, tonic-clonic convulsions (stage 5) were significantly increased by 60 or 90 mg/kg of tramadol as compared to PTZ control group. The mean latency and PTZ threshold dose for status epilepticus were markedly decreased after tramadol. The administration of Vit E exerted beneficial effects in decreasing epilepsy scores and increasing both the latency time and threshold dose of PTZ for reaching status epilepticus. Meanwhile, rats treated with both tramadol and Vit E exhibited significant increase in tonic-clonic convulsions and markedly shortened latency time to reach status epilepticus compared to those treated with only Vit E. In cerebral cortex and hippocampus, PTZ resulted in apoptotic cells, darkly stained degenerated and vacuolated neurons and gliosis. These pathological changes increased after tramadol but were markedly reduced by Vit E treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that: (i) tramadol exerts both anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects; (ii) tramadol shortened the latency time and decreased the threshold dose of PTZ for evoking status epilepticus; (iii) PTZ-induced seizures and brain damage can be inhibited by Vit E; (iv) tramadol at high doses interferes with the effect of Vit E in inhibiting tonic-clonic convulsions and in reducing brain damage.
Morphology and morphometric diversity of three local goats in Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: ILHAM FAHRUL , CIPTADI GATOT , SUSILORINI TRI EKO , PUTRA WIDYA PINTAKA BAYU , SUYADI SUYADI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Ilham F, Ciptadi G, Susilorini TE, Putra WPB, Suyadi S. 2023. Morphology and morphometric diversity of three local goats in Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1366-1375. This research aimedto identify morphology and morphometric, as well as body indices and measurements markers, for use inlocal goats selection program in Gorontalo, Indonesia. The samples consisted of 37 Etawah Crossbreed, 96 Local Gorontalo, and 40 Kacang goats raised by traditional semi-intensive breeders. The morphological variables observed included feather color, color combination pattern, nose, ear shape, horn, beard, tail direction, and morphometric variables observed were withers height, hip height, hip width, body length, chest width, chest depth, chest girth, ear length, and ear width. The qualitative morphology was analyzed with descriptive method with Chi-squared test. While, the morphometrics of goat was used for calculating the body indices and principal component analysis.The results of the chi-square analysis showed significant differences in qualitative morphology among the three observed breeds (p<0.05), except for the presence of horns, beards, and the direction of the tail. The body measurements of Local Gorontalo goats were significantly different from those of Kacang goats except for chest depth. The only difference between the Etawah Crossbreed and the other two breeds included body weight,wither height, hip height, body length, ear length,and ear width (p<0.05). The three local goats had a long body length and legs, with a waist higher than the shoulders. Meanwhile,the medigline classification was only for Local Gorontalo and Kacang goats that had good thoracic development. The conformation index of the three local goat breeds had a significant correlation with body weight. The variables with the best contribution from the first component that can be considered sequentially in the selection program for Etawah Crossbreed goats, Local Gorontalo, and Kacang goats were body length, chest girth, and wither high. For the second component, the variables included ear length and chest width, while that of the third component in Kacang goats wasear length.
Evaluation of the growth and tolerance of maize lines under aluminum stress
Authors: HERAWATI HERAWATI , RIADI MUHAMMAD , MUSA YUNUS , EFENDI ROY , AZRAI MUHAMMAD
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Herawati, Riadi M,MusaY, Efendi R, Azrai M. 2023. Evaluation of the growth and tolerance of maize lines under aluminum stress. Biodiversitas24: 1417-1430. Breeding and utilization of Al-tolerant maize are among the technological applications for preventing a decrease in the growth rate and grain yield of maize in suboptimal fields. This study aimed to determine the growth and production of maize lines under Al stress, obtain maize lines that are tolerant to Al stress, and determine Al absorption in the tested maize lines. This study comprised two steps. In the first step, maize lines were evaluated in acid soils with a pH of 5.12 and an Al saturation of around 22.13%, while the normal condition was carried out on soil with a pH of 6.60 and 0% Al saturation. The study was arranged in a randomized block with three replications. The maize lines used were 24 genotypes consisting of 20 maize lines and four elite lines as a check (Mal 03, CLYN 231, G102612, B11209). In the second step, maize lines were evaluated in the nutrient solution. This study was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the concentration of Al at three levels, i.e., 0, 7, and 14 ppm. The subplot comprised seven maize lines representing sensitive, medium tolerant, and tolerant categories. They were Pop. A3-1, Pop. A7-1, CB.Pop 10-1-3-1-2-2, CB.Pop 15-4-2-1-1-1, CB.Pop 23-1-2-1-4-2, Mal 03, and G102612. These studies were conducted at the Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, from August 2021 to January 2022. This study showed that
Al stress could reduce plant growth by around 10.84% to 50.51% and grain yield by around 62.23% compared to normal conditions. The traits that were significantly correlated with grain yield under Al stress (r>50%), which could be used in maize selection under Al stress, were the number of live plants, ear diameter, number of kernels per row, shelling percentage, SSI, crown Al absorption, and hematoxylin staining. There were two maize lines tolerant to Al stress, namely CB.Pop 11-2-3-4-2-1 and CB.Pop 15-4-2-1-1-1, with potential yields under Al stress conditions of 2.39 t ha-1and 1.59 t ha-1, respectively. Al absorption averages of roots and crowns of Al tolerant maize lines were 159.33 ppm and 36.33 ppm, respectively.
Diversity of marine tunicate from waters of Pannikiang Island and Badi Island of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Litaay Magdalena , Piri Rensi , Binti Jabir Naspira , Priosambodo Dody , Wirabuana Putra Ayub
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Litaay M, Piri R, Jabir NB, Priosambodo D, Putra AW. 2023. Diversity of marine tunicate from waters of Pannikiang Island and Badi Island of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1431-1437. The number of tunicates is currently known for approximately 3000 species, but it is estimated that there are still 1000-2000 more species that have not been described globally. The Spermonde Archipelago in South Sulawesi is a habitat for various tunicates, but not all islands have been well explored. This study aims to expand the distribution map of tunicates in Spermonde Archipelago, especially in the two study islands (Pannikiang Island and Badi Island). The diversity of tunicates between two islands, which have different ecological conditions, is compared in this study. This study used a line transect method along 20 m with a combination of plots at a depth of 5 meters. A transect was applied at four different locations according to wind direction. All tunicates inside the transect were recorded, counted, and sub-sample were collected for identification purposes. The data obtained were analyzed using the diversity index (Chao-1, Shannon-wiener, Uniformity, and Dominance). There are a total of 35 species (24 species at Pannikiang Island and 18 at Badi Island). Nephtheis fascicularis, Didemnum molle, Clavelina robusta, and Polycarpa aurata can be found on both islands. The levels of diversity of the two islands differ with little in common.
Utilizations and policy formulations of home garden (pekarangan) as agritourism area in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: TRISNANTO ATANG , SOEKMADI RINEKSO , ARIFIN HADI SUSILO , PRAMUDYA BAMBANG
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Trisnanto A, Soekmadi R, Arifin HS, Pramudya B. 2023. Utilizations and policy formulations of home garden (pekarangan) as agritourism area in East Java. Biodiversitas 24: 1450-1459. This study aims to determine the factors that play a role in successfully using a home garden (pekarangan) as an agritourism area. This is important as material for formulating designs for home gardens for sustainable agritourism areas. This research was conducted in Banyuwangi District, East Java Province. The data and information to develop a home garden utilization system were collected through field observations and interviews with relevant parties. This study uses Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis to identify the determinants and develop design formulations for utilizing pekarangan for agritourism areas. The key elements of a system are generated from the interpretation of ISM analysis data, which shows the levels of system structure. ISM analysis was determined through an approach with five criteria to examine the binding strength within and between groups/levels, the relative frequency of oscillations/shocks, context, coverage (containment), and functional relationship, respectively. The results showed that management institutions need to develop financing schemes with financing institutions, both banks and non-banks, based on financial technology (fintech). As practical implications, affordable financing for farmers/providers of tourism products, with their aggregator avalists, is needed to improve the financial capacity of community-based tourism. The manager of the pekarangan agritourism area is an aggregator of regional business processes by building inter-village networks and connectivity to major tourist destinations. Thus, home garden-based agritourism is expected to create new tourism area units networked with the main tourist destinations to form network tourism destinations.
Species diversity of medically important necrophagous flies in Southwest Iran
Authors: Akbari Morteza , Rafinejad Javad , Fazeli-Dinan ‪Mahmoud , Aivazi Ali-Ashraf , Jalilian Ali , Sheikhi Soraya , Akbarzadeh Kamran
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Akbari M, Rafinejad J, Fazeli-Dinan M, Aivazi AA, Jalilian A, Sheikhi S, Akbarzadeh K. 2023. Species diversity of medically important necrophagous flies in Southwest Iran. Biodiversitas 24: 1467-1472. Species diversity of medically important necrophagous flies in Southwest Iran. Biodiversitas 24: 1467-1472. The insects are the most successful group in the phylum Arthropoda. Flies are among the most diverse group of insects and organisms. Flies can affect human health in many ways, such as the transmission of a wide range of pathogens and myiasis. Species diversity is the middle level of the hierarchical system of biodiversity. Flies, like other insects, are sensitive to biotic and abiotic factors, and their biodiversity will change under different climatic conditions. This study was performed in Ilam province, in southwest Iran. Two methods were used for collecting the flies, including bottle traps and insect nets. Fly collections were done monthly at each collection site for a year, and to identify the trapped flies, reliable identification keys were used. Calculation of fly species diversity indices was done based on the Shannon-Wiener index, species dominance based on the Simpson dominance index, species richness employing the Margalef's index, and evenness was performed based on the Evenness index. Different aspects of species diversity were calculated using PAST V.3 software. The dominance and abundance of necrophagous flies were higher in the south of the province. The highest evenness was related to the north of the province. A comparison of the diversity of necrophagous flies also indicated that the north of the province has a high species diversity. A significant and positive relationship between fly frequency and the temperature was seen. There was also a significant and negative relationship between the frequency of flies and humidity. The results of this study completed one of the research puzzles on the biodiversity of Iranian flies. The abundance and diversity of necrophagous flies were high in the Ilam province, especially in spring.
Population structure and distribution of the endangered Vatica diospyroides in Southern Thailand to inform its conservation strategies
Authors: SRISAWAT THEERA , MANEENOON KATESARIN , WUTTIPONG PATTANA , THITITHANAKUL SURAPHON , PECHWANG JARASLAK , WONGCHANA KHANCHAI , CHUMKAEW PARINUCH , RATCHAREON WARANYU
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Srisawat T, Maneenoon K, Wuttipong P, Thitithanakul S, Pechwang J, Wongchana K, Chumkaew P, Ratchareon W. 2023. Population structure and distribution of the endangered Vatica diospyroides in Southern Thailand to inform its conservation strategies. Biodiversitas 24: 1493-1500. Vatica diospyroides Symington is an endemic and rare dipterocarp species. It is listed as Endangered under the IUCN Red List due to its decreasing population. It has been the subject of a wide range of medicinal studies, but there is no prior survey of its population. This study was conducted to investigate the population structure and distribution of V. diospyroides in the lowland Tapi River floodplain, Surat Thani, southern Thailand, covering in-situ (VAT01-VAT04) and ex-situ (VAT05-VAT06) areas. The total count method was employed over the entire studied area to assess the conservation status of V. diospyroides. The number and location of trees, height level and Circumference at Breast Height (CBH) were recorded and the relationship between plant height and CBH and evidence of threats were analyzed. In total 4,535 and 508 trees were recorded in the in-situ and ex-situ conservation areas, respectively. Height ranges of 1.1-5.0 m and 5.0-10.0 m were dominant among trees in the in-situ and ex-situ areas, respectively. Classes of 0-1.0 and 5.1-50.0 cm were the dominant CBH in the in-situ and ex-situ areas, respectively. The VAT03-VAT05 had normal stem growth pattern and scattered distribution with large trees classified by plant height and CBH. The population of V. diospyroides in the ex-situ conservation area were blended in vegetation within the protected area (VAT05) and a private area (VAT06). No threats were detected in the in-situ conservation area, except for the need to protect from humans, but management is necessary in the ex-situ area. This study has revealed the patterns of V. diospyroides composition and structure variations in southern Thailand to help species conservation and protection. The findings of this study imply that the conservation status and definite size of this tree species should be revised.
Temporal variation of freshwater as control of mangrove in Banyuasin Estuary, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SURBAKTI HERON , NURJAYA I WAYAN , BENGEN DIETRIECH G , PRARTONO TRI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Surbakti H, Nurjaya IW, Bengen DG, Prartono T. 2023. Temporal variation of freshwater as control of mangrove in Banyuasin Estuary, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1502-1510. The Banyuasin Estuary receives much freshwater, which transports low-salinity water from upstream to the sea through the rivers that flow along the area. The interaction between the freshwater mass from the river and the highly saline seawater mass moving toward the estuary will affect the condition of the mangroves in the region. This study aims to estimate the freshwater runoff from the two main rivers (Musi River and Banyuasin River) into the Banyuasin Estuary in different seasons, at high and low tides, and their impact on the mangroves present in both estuaries. The interaction between the freshwater and seawater masses can be explained using the freshwater fraction and transect methods used for mangrove zonation analysis. This research focuses on the mouth of the Musi River and the Banyuasin River. The present study showed the influence of freshwater fraction at the mouth of the Musi River is very strong in all seasons, dominated by oligohaline and mesohaline conditions. In contrast, the mouth of the Banyuasin River is dominated by mesohaline and polyhaline conditions. Altogether, ten species of mangroves have been found in the Banyuasin Estuary. Of which, low saline tolerant species, namely Nypa fruticans and Sonneratia caseolaris, are predominant, whereas salt tolerant species, namely Avicennia marina, are predominant in the mouth of the Banyuasin River.
Anisakid nematodes from the largehead hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus) from the northern coast of Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setyobudi Eko , Murwantoko Murwantoko , Utami Alusia Melanita Ria , Syarifah Rizka Fauziana
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Setyobudi E, Murwantoko, Utami AMR, Syarifah RF. 2023. Anisakid nematodes from the largehead hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus) from the northern coast of Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1560-1568. Hairtail fish has been frequently reported to be infected by anisakid nematodes. This study aims to determine the presence of anisakid nematodes on the large-head hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus) from the northern coast of the Java Sea, Indonesia. In total, 306 hairtail fish were collected from the northern coast of Java. Each fish sample was measured its length and weighed, then dissected to examine the presence of anisakid nematode. The anisakid larva examination was conducted in the body cavity, internal organs, digestive tract, and muscles. The anisakid nematodes found were then separated and grouped based on morphological appearance, namely body color and size. Selected samples from each anisakid group and sampling location were extracted and identified molecularly by the direct sequencing method. The findings showed that the larvae of anisakid nematodes infect the T. lepturus with different prevalence and average intensity at each location (P: 38.0-100%, MI: 3.33-42.88 larvae/ind.). Mostly anisakid larvae were found in the body cavity and were not found in the muscle. Most of the T. lepturus from the northern coasts of Cirebon and Pati were infected with anisakid at low intensity (?5 larvae/individual). The high intensity of anisakid larval infection was shown by the hairtail originating from Rembang and Tuban (>20 larvae/ind.). Molecular identification showed that three anisakids were isolated from hairtails from the northern coast of Java, namely Anisakis typica, Hysterothylacium amoyense, and Raphidascaris lophii. Information on anisakid species and their distribution is important as a reference for fish handling and processing, the assessment of the human health risk, and the development of these nematodes as biological tags.
Variability of kernel morphological and flour physicochemical properties in tropical dent corn hybrids
Authors: HUMAM BARIZA KHOIRUL , SUWARNO WILLY BAYUARDI , AZRAI MUHAMMAD , MAKKULAWU ANDI TAKDIR , EFENDI ROY
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Humam BK, Suwarno WB, Azrai M, Makkulawu AT, Efendi R. 2023. Variability of kernel morphological and flour physicochemical properties in tropical dent corn hybrids. Biodiversitas 24: 1600-1609. Corn is an important crop worldwide for food, feed, and industry. The aims of this study were to study kernel morphological and corn flour physicochemical properties and hybrids selection according to nutritional values for food industries. Plant materials were 15 test hybrids and four check varieties, namely RK457, RK57, BISI18, and NASA29. Kernel morphological and corn flour physicochemical variations are influenced by kernel type. All dent hybrids had 40/0 mesh corn flour yielded significantly higher compared to NASA29. °Dent scores were negatively correlated to 40/0 mesh corn flour yields. The total and soluble carbohydrates of dent corn flour hybrids are significantly higher compared to semi-dent and semi-flint corn flour hybrids. According to corn flour nutritional values in polygon GT biplot analysis, dent hybrids had relatively high starch, total carbohydrate, and soluble carbohydrate contents. Semi-dent hybrids had relatively high moisture, crude protein, and total ash contents. Semi-flint hybrid had relatively high crude fat and crude fiber contents. Cluster-2 was dominated by dent hybrids according to the fuzzy clustering method
and selected as potential hybrids. MSM53 was the female parent of dent hybrids in cluster-2. Potential hybrids could be evaluated further by corn flour functional properties analysis.
Leaf morphological traits of nine major tropical trees of Shorea species (Dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: MUFARHATUN NUR , SUSILOWATI ARIDA , HILWAN IWAN , ARROFAHA NAWWALL , YULITA KUSUMADEWI SRI , DWIYANTI FIFI GUS , HIDAYAT ASEP , KAMIYA KOICHI , RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Mufarhatun N, Susilowati A, Hilwan I, Arrofaha N, Yulita KS, Dwiyanti FG, Hidayat A, Kamiya K, Rachmat HH. 2023. Leaf morphological traits of nine major tropical trees of Shorea species (Dipterocarpaceae). Biodiversitas 24: 1704-1712. Shorea is the largest genus in the Dipterocarpaceae family and has high leaf morphological variations among its species, which causes difficulties in field identification. Therefore, information on the specific characteristics of the leaf morphology of each species is needed. This study aimed to examine and discriminate leaf morphological traits at both mature and sapling stages of nine Shorea species, namely Shorea balangeran (Korth.) Burck, S. leprosula Miq., S. mecistopteryx Ridl., S. multiflora (Burck) Symington, S. ovalis (Korth.) Blume, S. pinanga Scheff., S. platyclados Slooten ex Endert, S. selanica (Wight & Arn.) Blume, and S. stenoptera Burck. The leaves of 90 mature trees growing in the Dramaga Research Forest (DRF) and Gunung Dahu Research Forest (GDRF) as well as the leaves of 180 saplings growing in the nursery of Forest Research and Development Center (FRDC) were observed. Leaf traits, leaf color, and chlorophyll content were assessed on 3 leaves from each mature tree and 5 from each sapling collected. Furthermore, comparative analysis using F independent test in the one-way analysis variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used in this study. The results showed that 8 of the 11 measured morphological traits were identified as the quantitative leaves morphological differentiators, namely Leaves Width (LW), Lamina Length (LL), the length between the largest Leaves Point (LP) with the base of the leaves, angle of leaves vein (SD), Petiole Length (PL), number of leaves vein (LB), breadth of the leaves (WL), and the Circumference of the Leaves (CL). In addition, the results of cluster analysis showed the nine Shorea spp. are clustered into two major groups. Group 1 consisted of species, S. stenoptera, and S. mecistopteryx, while the remaining are included in Group 2. Our findings conclude that the eight leaf morphological traits obtained from this study are useful as additional characters to distinguish the nine Shorea species in the field.
The diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) at Tanahbala Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Mairawita Mairawita , Duha Study , Herwina Henny
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Mairawita, Duha S, Herwina H. 2023. The diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) at Tanahbala Island, North Sumatra, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 24: 1759-1765. The research was conducted from April to October 2015 to observe the diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera), complete an inventory, and obtain information about biodiversity on Tanahbala Island, South Nias District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Tanahbala Island is a small island in Indonesia with high biodiversity potential. Sampling in the study was carried out in the Fagugu and Tebolo areas with different habitat types, namely forests, forest edges, and residential areas. The tools used to collect samples are cylinder gauze and insect nets. After sampling, 617 butterflies were collected and identified. The identification results showed 52 species of butterflies consisting of 42 genera and nine families. The Nymphalidae family has the most observed species, namely 17, while the Acraeaidae family has only one observed species. The diversity index of all butterflies collected in this study showed a high average value of 3.00. This shows that the biodiversity of butterflies on Tanahbala Island is relatively high. The data obtained from this study will be beneficial to support biodiversity conservation efforts on Tanahbala Island, particularly in managing butterfly habitats. In addition, this data can also be a reference for researchers and conservationists to preserve butterfly biodiversity in Indonesia. This research also shows the importance of inventorying and monitoring biodiversity in Indonesian territory, especially in small islands such as Tanahbala Island, which should be addressed. With better inventory efforts, more complete and accurate data can be produced regarding the biodiversity in Indonesian territory so that more appropriate and effective conservation efforts can be carried out.
Tempeh flour as an excellent source of paraprobiotics
Authors: JONESTI WILFADRI PUTRA , PRIHATNA CAHYA , NATADIPUTRI GRISELDA HERMAN , SUWANTO ANTONIUS , MERYANDINI ANJA
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Jonesti WP, Prihatna C, Natadiputri GH, Suwanto A, Meryandini A. 2023. Tempeh flour as an excellent source of paraprobiotics. Biodiversitas 24: 1817-1823. Tempeh, a functional fermented food from Indonesia, has many benefits for human health. The presence of oligosaccharides, live and dead microbes in tempeh can function as prebiotics, probiotics, or paraprobiotics. This study aimed to determine the composition of live and dead lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Enterobacteriaceae in tempeh flour using microbiological and molecular quantifications. Two samples of tempeh flour based on the drying process, i.e., sun-dried and oven-dried, were analyzed. Bacteria were quantified using standard plate count and qPCR, while bacterial cells damaged by the drying process were quantified using Propidium Monoazide-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PMA-qPCR). Tempeh flours contained live bacteria as many as 4-5 log CFU/g and intact dead bacterial cells as many as 9 log CFU/g. The number of bacteria only differed slightly between the two drying processes. Based on qPCR analysis, the LAB number was higher than Enterobacteriaceae in tempeh flour. In addition, the bacterial population by qPCR was higher than by cultured analysis. These results indicated that sun-dried or oven-dried tempeh flour could be a functional food because it contained high amounts of live and dead bacteria as candidates for probiotics and paraprobiotics based on PMA-qPCR analysis.
Small carnivore diversity in forest patches around oil palm plantation in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Solina Inda Dwi , Mukhtar Erizal , Novarino Wilson , Dahelmi Dahelmi
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Solina ID, Mukhtar E, Novarion W, Dahelmi. 2023. Small carnivore diversity in forest patches around oil palm plantation in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1824-1832. The accelerating rates of forest conversion into agricultural land are the main driver for biodiversity loss. How biodiversity, particularly secondary consumers, can adapt to different agricultural schemes is critical to conservation planning. Currently, small forests within oil palm plantations should receive more attention, especially as they are habitats for small carnivores, and it is still unknown how they respond to habitat change. We analyzed camera trap data from 2015 to 2018 in key High Conservation Value (HCV) forests in South Solok, West Sumatra: Kencana Sawit Indonesia company (forest patch A) and Tidar Kerinci Agung company (forest patches B and C). LecoS is used to collect landscape metrics data then evaluated using the Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to assess the impact of fragmentation on the presence of small carnivores in forest patches. The model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value was the one we regarded to be the most acceptable. We found 12 species of small carnivores belonging to 4 families; six species were identified in patch A, ten in patch B, and only three in patch C. We identified that land covers are the most important parameter on the presence of small carnivores in oil palm plantations in West Sumatra based on GLM results. Due to the importance of forested regions to small carnivore diversity, we recommend increasing forest connectivity into and across oil palm landscapes.
Temporal and spatial distribution of plankton community in three Indonesian salt pond environments
Authors: SUSILOWATI RINI , BENGEN DIETRIECH G. , KRISANTI MAJARIANA , JANUAR HEDI INDRA , RUSMANA IMAN
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Susilowati R, Bengen DG, Krisanti M, Januar HI, Rusmana I. 2023. Temporal and spatial distribution of plankton community in three Indonesian salt pond environments. Biodiversitas 24: 1833-1844. Plankton is a biological community that plays an important role in biological systems during salt crystallization. The correlation between plankton communities and water quality parameters was examined in three salt pond center areas (Brebes, Tuban, and Sampang). The values of nutrient content in Brebes were higher compared to other locations, with phosphate (5.38-5.66 mg/L), nitrate (0.17-0.74 mg/L), nitrite (0.07-0.1 mg/L), and total organic matter (0.03-0.07 mg/L). Based on multivariate analysis, there was no significant difference in the abundance of plankton among the three salt pond locations. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation test indicated a negative correlation (Sig<0.05) between salinity and the abundance and diversity of plankton. The highest abundance of phytoplankton (127,721±11.227 cells/L) and zooplankton (3,339±391 idvs/L) was found in the Brebes. Phytoplankton from the genera Bacillarophyceae Bacillarophyceae was dominant in the three locations. In Brebes and Sampang, the dominant classes of zooplankton were Litostomatea, whereas, Oligotrichea was dominant in Tuban, The phytoplankton community structure has a diversity index (H') of 0.91-2.05, and Evenness index (E) ranging from 0.12-0.20, and a dominance index (C) showing a level of 0.14-0.34. At the same time, the zooplankton community has a diversity index (H') of 0.81-1.64, an evenness index (E) that has ranged from 0.18-0.22, and a dominance index (C) that has ranged from 0.03-0.20. The research examines plankton communities in varying salinity and their response to environmental changes. This data is useful for managing salt pond productivity, vital for sustainable and high-quality salt production.
Population and autecology of the endangered Rafflesia meijeri in Batang Gadis National Park, Indonesia
Authors: RAMBEY RIDAHATI , SAPUTRA NIRWAN , RAMBE IFHAM FUADI , NOPANDRY BOBBY , ZUNAIDI SYAHDIN , CHRISTY EVO LORIVA , SETIAWAN TEGUH , AFIFUDDIN YUNUS , HARTANTO ADRIAN
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Rambey R, Saputra N, Rambe IF, Nopandry B, Zunaidi S, Christy EL, Setiawan T, Afifuddin Y, Hartanto A. 2023. Population and autecology of the endangered Rafflesia meijeri in Batang Gadis National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1845-1852. Indonesia is renowned for its tropical forests, which harbor high biodiversity. One of the notable flora found in the Indonesian forest is the holoparasitic plant Rafflesia, which attaches to its host, Tetrastigma spp. Among the 30 species of Rafflesia, 11 species have geographical distribution in Indonesia, specifically in Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan. Rafflesia is listed as Endangered by the IUCN Red List, highlighting the conservation importance of this plant group. The objective of this study was to determine the number of individuals, ecological conditions, and structure of plant species composition in the habitat of Rafflesia meijeri Wiriad. & Sari in two localities (i.e. Sopotinjak and Pagar Gunung) in Batang Gadis National Park. Population and autecology data of R. meijeri were collected using the nested plot method and the vegetation community was analyzed in terms of the Importance Value Index (IVI), biodiversity and richness indices. The results of the study indicated that in Sopotinjak there was one individual of R. meijeri in the bract phase, two individuals in the ruptured copule phase, and 13 individuals in the round copule phase. In Pagar Gunung, there were 19 individuals in the late blooming phase, seven individuals were in the bract phase, three individuals were in the copule phase, and two individuals were in the ruptured copule phase. Species with the highest IVI in the vegetation community around the habitat of R. meijeri from seedling, sapling, pole to tree level in Pagar Gunung were Litsea firma (Blume) Hook.fil., Eugenia pyriformis Cambess., Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume, and Castanopsis javanica (Blume) A.DC., respectively. Species that were significantly associated with R. meijeri in Sopotinjak were Kyllinga brevifolia, Melastoma malabathricum L., Calamus paspalanthus Becc, Calamus rotang L., and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth. The discovery of nine specimens of the host plant Tetrastigma papillosum (Blume) Planch. in Pagar Gunung and Sopotinjak indicates the importance conservation efforts aimed at conserving R. meijeri, as well as the flora and habitats that are intricately linked to it.
Potential hazards of multidrug resistance Escherichia coli collected from wastewater on dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: WIDODO AGUS , LAMID MIRNI , EFFENDI MUSTOFA HELMI , TYASNINGSIH WIWIEK , WURLINA WURLINA , AL-ARIF MOHAMMAD ANAM , RAHARJO DADIK , SOEHARSONO SOEHARSONO , KHAIRULLAH ASWIN RAFIF , RIWU KATTY HENDRIANA PRISCILIA , YUSTINASARI LITA RAKHMA , KURNIAWAN SHENDY CANADYA , SILAEN OTTO SAHAT MARTUA , BENJAMIN MOSES IKECHUKWU , AFNANI DANIAH ASHRI
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Widodo A, Lamid M, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Wurlina, Al-Arif MA, Raharjo D, Soeharsono, Khairullah AF, Riwu KHP, Yustinasari LR, Kurniawan SC, Silaen OSM, Benjamin MI, Afnani DA. 2023. Potential hazards of multidrug resistance Escherichia coli collected from wastewater on dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1900-1907. Escherichia coli bacteria initially reside in the digestive tract of humans and animals. This bacterium is treated with antibiotics, but this treatment may trigger antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance genes found in E. coli can transfer to other bacteria, especially in the case of the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria. E. coli is a significant environmental contaminant on dairy farms and is frequently linked to genes that encode extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. This research focused on investigating the potential hazards of multidrug resistance E. coli collected from wastewater on dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia. The number of research samples used was 139 wastewater samples collected from 125 dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia. First, wastewater samples from dairy farms were isolated into BGLB media, then continued with culture on EMBA media, and identifying E. coli bacteria with TSIA and IMViC biochemical tests. The resistance patterns of E. coli were obtained through disk diffusion antibiotic tests on tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and aztreonam. The results of the isolation and identification obtained 122 (87.77%) E. coli isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test to E. coli isolates showed 14 (11.47%) MDR E. coli isolates. The antimicrobial drug resistance pattern TE-ST-W (tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim) accounted for most MDR E. coli isolates in this study, comprising 10 (36.26%); followed by TE-ST-C (tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol) with two (6.54%) MDR E. coli and two (6.54%) MDR E.coli isolates were resistant to four antibiotics, with the pattern of resistance to TE-ST-W-C (tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol) antibiotic. The discovery of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolated from wastewater on dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia, is a new potential hazard that affects public health and needs solutions. One Health integration is anticipated to be used as a solution.
Analysis of Gait Ability and Patient Reported Outcome Measurements after Robotic-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis of the Knee with Windswept Deformity
Authors: Omata Masaru , Kaneko Takao , Amemiya Kazuki , Igarashi Tadashi , Takada Kazutaka , Yoshizawa Shu
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Windswept deformity (WD) refers to valgus deformity in one knee and varus deformity in the other. We performed robotic-assisted (RA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis of the knee with WD, made patient reported outcome measurements (PROMs), and performed gait analysis based on triaxial accelerometery. Case Report: A 76-year-old woman presented to our hospital with bilateral knee pain. Image-free handheld RA TKA was performed on the left knee with severe varus deformity and severe pain during walking. RA TKA was performed on the right knee with severe valgus deformity 1 month later. The RA technique was used to determine implant positioning and the plan for osteotomy intraoperatively, taking into account soft-tissue balance. This made it possible to use a posterior stabilized implant instead of a semi-constrained implant for severe valgus knee deformity with flexion contracture (Krachow classification Type 2). At 1 year after TKA, PROMs were inferior in the knee with pre-operative valgus deformity. Gait ability improved after surgery. Even with the RA technique, it took 8 months to achieve left-right balance while walking and for the variability of the gait cycle to become equivalent to that of a normal knee. Conclusion: Primary RA TKA is a viable option for osteoarthritis of the knee with WD. It took time for the gait ability of both knees to become equal and PROMs were better with the varus deformity compared to before surgery. Keywords: Windswept deformity, robotic assisted total knee arthroplasty, patient reported outcome measurements, triaxial accelerometer, gait ability.