bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Azithromycin in Pediatric Typhoid Fever without Complication: A Case Report
Authors: Amal Emiral , Pelupessy Ninny Meutia
Published: June 2024

Typhoid fever is an infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. The prevalence is still high among emerging countries, such as Indonesia. There are limited options for the treatment of typhoid fever in children and more so is complicated by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The use of azithromycin has evolved as an important drug in the treatment of typhoid.
 
A male, aged 7 years and 2 months, was admitted to our hospital with remittent fever 4 days prior. The patient also presented with a period of cough since 2 days, and constipation, with full consciousness. The child had basic immunization completed for his age. He had a history of frequent consumption of street food. The diagnosis of typhoid fever was confirmed by serologic testing of positive 8 IgM Salmonella. Initially, the patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics of ceftriaxone for 8 days but shoed no clinical improvement, then the treatment was changed to intravenous azithromycin for 4 days and his condition improved greatly. The patient showed a better response with the use of azithromycin.
 
The management of typhoid fever remains challenging up to this day with variations in treatment response. From this case, we can conclude that azithromycin in some patients may show better improvement in the management of typhoid fever in pediatric patients. Although, ceftriaxone and other third-generation cephalosporins are still highly effective against Salmonella typhi.
KAJIAN ESTETIKA DESAIN UANG KERTAS SERIBU RUPIAH TAHUN 1980 KARYA SUDIRNO DEL
Authors: Sucihati Wiwin Trisning Kasih
Published: June 2024

This study aims to find out the idea of creation, to describe the symbolic meaning, and to find out the aesthetics of the visual form of the RP.1,000 banknote by Sudirno Del. This study uses a qualitative descriptive. The sampling technique using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Research data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation techniques. This study uses a Flow Model of Analysis. The results of the study are as follows, (1) The idea of creating a design for the banknotes began with a process of contemplating the identity of the cultural history of the Indonesian nation. Sudirno Del was inspired to choose ideas about the natural beauty that exists in Indonesia. Influenced by the psychological factor of longing for his hometown, and also a sense of admiration for the beauty of the Canyon Cliffs Sianok which is felt to represent the beauty of Indonesia. The chosen hero Dr. Soetomo, related Sudirno's personal experience. Related to the services of the movement's figures, Dr. Soetomo is a figure engaged in organizations for people's welfare in the fields of education, health and agriculture. (2) The design of the banknotes functions as a medium that accompanies messages through icons, indexes, and symbols to remember and honor the services of heroes, as well as displaying the beauty of the natural landscape in Indonesia so that it can be seen by the people of Indonesia and the world. (3) The design on the banknotes contain aesthetic value based on the successful fulfillme
The impact of digital news on human capital in the context of an infodemia
Authors: Trofimova Nataly
Published: June 2024

The paper makes an attempt to assess the impact of dubious digital information on human capital, in particular on its component - health capital. The main event was the impact of dubious digital information in the form of fakes on the vaccination of the population. Based on methods for processing large data sets, multivariate statistical analysis and factor interaction analysis (Johnson – Neyman algorithm), factors that significantly influence the health factor were identified, and a threshold value for the percentage of fake news influencing the decision to vaccinate was obtained. Exposure of the population to a certain amount of fake news about diseases and vaccines has a negative impact on the healthcare sector. Therefore, it is important to strengthen society's immunity to fake news and promote media objectivity.
SIKAP PELAKU KONVERSI AGAMA HINDU KAHARINGAN KE KRISTEN PADA KEHIDUPAN PERKAWINAN
Authors: Susi Susi
Published: June 2024

Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang membahas mengenai konversi agama yang dilakukan oleh penganut agama Hindu Kaharingan ke Kristen pada kehidupan perkawinan, yang fokus pada sikap pelaku konversi agama. Penelitian terhadap kasus ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya peningkatan khasus terjadinya konversi agama yang dianggap cukup tinggi terjadi di Desa Hurung Bunut khususnya pada tahap perkawinan. Tentunya terjadinya konversi dilatarbelakangi atas beberapa faktor penyebab masing-masing berbeda. Termasuk dari faktor kegelisahan batin yang ada pada dirinya, pernikahan dan mendapatkan sebuah hidayah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan psikologis, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori konversi agama dari Rambo R. Lewis. Hasil dari analisis menyatakan bahwa pelaku perpindahan keyakinan memutuskan mengalami konversi agama karena memiliki faktor-faktor tertentu, sehingga terjadi perubahan pada sikap yang dialami oleh pelaku maupun agama sebelumnya. Pertama Sikap sosial terhadap diri individu, yang dipandang tidak terjadi perubahan yang signifikan secara sosial, tetapi secara individu terdapat perubahan sikap dalam sistem penghayatan terhadap ajaran agama yang baru dianutnya dan yang lama mulai ditinggalkan. Kedua, adanya sikap terhadap Adat Istiadat dan Budaya, yang mana bagi pelaku konversi meskipun dirinya sudah menganut keyakinan lain, tetapi urusan adat istiadat tetap dijaga karena dianggap sebagai adat istiadat yang harus dijaga dan dianggap sebagai bagian dari keanekaragamaan, Ketiga adanya sikap beragama/sistem ritual , yang bagi pelaku konversi agama sistem ritual berjalan apa adanya, tidak ada larangan bagi mereka boleh dan tidaknya dilakukan, karena mereka memahami ritual dalam Hindu Kaharingan bersifat mentradisi, namun disisi lain bagi penganut Kaharingan , maupun tokoh-tokoh agama Kaharingan ini adalah sebuah kekuatiran yang mendalam, karena pemahaman yang berbeda maka bisa saja ritual keagamaan terjadi pergerseran nilai sebagai adat istiadat yang sayogianya kedua adalah terdapat batasan-batasan tertentu. Sehingga ini menjadi PR yang besar bagi tokoh-tokoh juga lembaga keagamaan Hindu Kaharingan agar lebih intensif dalam memberikan pembinaan dan bimbingan terhadap generasi muda penganut agama Hindu Kaharingan dalam memperkuat keimanan terhadap agama yang diyakininya.
WORSHIP OF RATU SUBANDAR, MEKAH, MELAYU, AND SUNDAWAN AT KERTA NEGARA GAMBUR ANGLAYANG TEMPLE IN THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KUBUTAMBAHAN, BULELENG, BALI
Authors: Ariyani Luh Putu Sri
Published: June 2024

Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan terhadap Pura Kerta Negara Gambur Anglayang di Desa Adat Kubutambahan, Buleleng, Bali. Tujuan riset ini adalah mengungkapkan latar belakang pemakaian nama Ratu Subandar, Mekah, Melayu, dan Sundawan sebagai nama bagainama nama pelinggih pada pura tersebut. Penelitian ini memakai pendekatan kualitatif berbentuk penelitian sejarah dipadukan dengan penelitian kebudayaan. Pendekatan teori yang digunakan adalah meterialisme kebudayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan nama Ratu Subandar, Mekah, Melayu, dan Sudawan berkaitan dengan lokasi pura tersebut dahulunya merupakan pelabuhan bernama Tabanding. Pelabuhan ini ramai didatang oleh pedagang Cina, Mekah (Arab), Melayu, dan Sunda. Orang Cina berperan pula sebagai subandar. Keragaman kunjugan pedagang memunculkan struktur sosial multikultur berbasis infrastruktur ekonomi perdagangan. Hal ini membentuk superstruktur ideologi, yakni keyakinan terhadap dewa-dewa yang juga bercorak keberagaman. Pola ini sesuai pula dengan teologi panteisme pada Agama Hindu yang menekankan bahwa Tuhan yang transendental dapat beimanensi ke dalam gejala alam. Keyakinan ini mengakibatkan gejala alam yang bepotensi memberikan kemakmuran dipersonifikasikan dengan dewa. Orang Bali menerimanya, karena sesuai pula dengan gambaran tentang dewa sebagai personifikasi dari Tuhan untuk memberikan kesejahteraan kepada manusia
Upaya Peningkatan Pemasaran Gula Aren melalui Digital Marketing pada Industri Gula Aren Kelompok Tani Mutiara Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota
Authors: Situmorang Helentina , Eviza Andi , Agustina Agustina , Mukhlis Mukhlis , Fitri Elva Rahmi , Purba Jhon Hardy
Published: June 2024

The Mutiara farmer group's Guseta products are flagship products in the Jorong Talaweh, Nagari Labuah Gunuang, Lareh Sago Halaban Subdistrict, Lima Puluh Kota District. Guseta products include fresh sap, round-shaped palm sugar, block-shaped palm sugar, liquid palm sugar, and ant sugar. However, in the current era of digitization, Guseta products have not yet utilized digital marketing as an effective and efficient marketing channel through online stores as a marketplace. Therefore, the Payakumbuh State Polytechnic assists in creating a digital marketing system, providing guidance on the implementation of digital marketing for Guseta shop, content creation, routine guidance on digital marketing implementation to make the community more familiar with the products and benefits of Guseta palm sugar. Additionally, assistance is provided in creating more attractive packaging label designs. Through the Guseta shop's digital marketing system, it is hoped to enhance the marketing of Mutiara farmer group's palm sugar industry in Labuah Gunuang, Lima Puluh Kota District.ABSTRAKProduk guseta kelompok tani mutiara adalah produk unggulan di Jorong Talaweh Nagari Labuah Gunuang Kecamatan Lareh Sago Halaban Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Produk guseta terdiri dari nira fresh, gula aren cetak bulat, gula aren cetak balok, gula aren cair, dan gula semut. Permasalahan yang dihadapi pelaku usaha khususnya Kelompok Tani Mutiara adalah belum efektif dan efisien dalam pemanfaatan pemasaran secara digital melalui toko online sebagai market place. Oleh karena itu, Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh membantu pembuatan sistem digital marketing, pendampingan penerapan digital marketing guseta shop dan pembuatan konten. Selain itu melakukan pendampingan rutin penerapan digital marketing untuk meningkatkan brand awareness guseta kepada masyarakat luas serta pendampingan pembuatan desain label kemasan yang lebih menarik. Melalui kegiatan ini kelompok tani Mutiara sudah memiliki sistem digital marketing berupa toko online dan platform digital marketing yang dapat digunakan sebagai tempat untuk mempromosikan produk guseta sehingga memperluas cakupan wilayah promosi dan membantu meningkatkan penjualan produk.
UKM Ber-NIB : Pemenuhan Dokumen NIB Melalui Online Single Submission bagi Petani Jamur Selorejo Blitar
Authors: Setyawati Dyah , Ariyanti Ariyanti , Santi Fitriana , Cahya Regina Heart Dwi , Primadani Eka Intan
Published: June 2024

Mushroom farmers are part of Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) involved in mushroom cultivation, established in 2019. Continuously engaging in development and ongoing improvements, this SME considers the geographical location of the Selorejo Blitar area highly suitable for mushroom cultivation. Efforts to improve management and administration are consistently made, with the hope that the business will operate smoothly alongside administrative compliance. Given these conditions and recognizing the importance of legality for business operators, the community service team contributes to mushroom farmers by providing training on obtaining the Business Registration Number through the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. The result of this community service activity is that mushroom farmers not only fulfill their administrative requirements but also legally register their businesses with the Ministry of Industry and Trade. This registration brings additional benefits, such as access to government services, ease of banking ABSTRAKPetani Jamur merupakan salah satu UKM yang bergerak dibidang Pertanian Jamur dan berdiri pada tahun 2019. UKM ini terus menerus melakukan pengembangan dan perbaikan berkelanjutan mengingat lokasi geografis area Selorejo Blitar sangat sesuai dengan komoditas Jamur ini. Upaya perbaikan manajemen dan adminstrasi juga selalu dilakukan dengan harapan usaha akan berjalan seimbang dengan pemenuhan administrasi. Berdasar kondisi tersebut dan mengingat pentingnya legalitas bagi pelaku usaha, maka tim pengabdi hadir dengan berkontribusi terhadap Petani Jamur dengan memberikan pelatihan bagaimana mendapatkan Nomor Induk Berusaha melalui sistem OSS (Online Single Submission). Hasil dari kegatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu pelaku Petani Jamur tidak hanya melengkapi kebutuhan administrasi tetapi juga secara legal usahanya terdaftar di Kementrian Perindustrian dan Perdagangan serta memperoleh kemudahan-kemudahan lain seperti akses layanan pemerintah, kemudahan transaksi perbankan, kredibelitas, kepatuhan regulasi, peluang pasar, fasilitas pajak serta integrasi data.
Analysis of the Use of Modified Coal Bottom Ash as a Media for Immobilization of Microorganisms for the Production of Biogas from Macroalgae
Authors: Prastyo Elli , Ibrahim Puji Astuti , Solikha Dian Farkhatus
Published: June 2024

Biofuel from macroalgae is referred to as the third generation biofuel because it does not require fertile land in the production process. Therefore, it is not included in the debate on the food sector. One of the process engineering in biogas production is the addition of immobilization media in anaerobic reactors. Coal combustion produces bottom ash solid waste containing 39.70% carbon (C) and 46.99% silica dioxide (SiO2) as well as other trace metals that have the potential to be used as absorbent materials or immobilization media in anaerobic decomposition. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of coal bottom ash-based immobilization media in the production of macroalgae biogas Spadina sp. The fixed variable in this study was the use of immobilization media of 30 grams, 40 grams, and 50 grams. Test parameters in the form of sCOD, VFA, biogas volume, and methane levels were used in this study. The production of macroalgae biogas Spadina sp is carried out in a fixed bed reactor with a capacity of 2000 mL with semi-batch conditions. The results showed that the highest biogas production was 204.8 mL/day with the use of immobilization media of 40 grams. The lowest biogas production is 20.5 mL/day with the use of 50 grams of immobilization media. The use of 50 grams of immobilization media is the best media to produce biogas with a high level of purity with an average of 57.48% followed by the use of 40 grams of immobilization media with an average of 41.35%, and the use of 30 grams of immobilization media with an average of 21.96%.
Project Delays and Project Property Investment Decisions in Apartments: A Literature Review
Authors: Oktaviastuti Blima , Leliana Arinda , Arifin Isnani
Published: June 2024

Apartment housing has become an option in big city areas, especially as land is becoming increasingly scarce and expensive. Apartment investment is an investor's choice at a time when demand is increasing every year along with the growth of the urban economy. Apartment construction projects begin construction based on appropriate planning to produce buildings of the right quality, cost, and time by minimizing one aspect of risk, namely the project delay factor. This article aims to present studies related to construction project delay factors; apartment buildings; investment analysis; and the impact of project delays on investment interest. The results show that construction delays have an impact on construction costs and time and further research is needed on the effects on investors' investment interest.ABSTRAKHunian apartemen menjadi salah satu pilihan di Kawasan kota besar terlebih lahan yang semakin berkurang dan mahal. Investasi apartemen menjadi pilihan investor di kala kebutuhan yang semakin tinggi tiap tahunnya seiring bertumbuhnya perekonomian di perkotaan. Proyek konstruksi apartemen memulai pembangunan yang didasarkan pada perencanaan tepat guna untuk menghasilkan bangunan yang tepat mutu, biaya dan waktu dengan meminimalkan salah satu aspek risiko yaitu faktor keterlambatan proyek. Artikel ini bertujuan memaparkan kajian terkait: faktor keterlambatan proyek konstruksi; bangunan apartemen; analisa investasi; dampak keterlambatan proyek terhadap minat investasi. Hasil didapatkan bahwa keterlambatan konstruksi berdampak terhadap biaya dan waktu konstruksi dan diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut efek terhadap minat investasi investor.
Static Load Testing Of PCI-Bridges for Assessing Functional Suitability and Its Comparison with Dynamic Testing
Authors: Khoeri Heri , Isvara Wisnu , Widjajakusuma Jack , Natasa Fani , Sofiana Dini
Published: June 2024

To accommodate the rapid development of residential and commercial areas in the Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) Region, Banten, the construction of the Kadisurung bridge is necessary to integrate road networks. Before being operational to ensure the safety of bridge users, load testing is conducted. Parameters that must be met in the testing include not exceeding the strain and deflection limits during operational conditions, including when maximum loading occurs. To assess the bridge's performance during operation, research was conducted on both sides of the central span (western side bridge, JSB, and eastern side bridge, JST) with static load testing carried out with gradually increasing loads up to 50% UDL (136 tons), followed by gradual load removal. At JSB, the maximum deflection at 100% UDL, estimated from the deflection at 50% UDL, was 39.92 mm, and at JST, it was 31.67 mm, while the allowable deflection was 43.3 mm. Based on the deflection parameters, the relative capacities of JST and JSB are expressed as 108.5% and 136.7% respectively, relative to their allowable capacities. This indicates that the estimated bridge capacity using static load testing parameters is 6%-10% greater than when using parameters from dynamic load testing. Thus, the bridge is deemed suitable for operation.
Optimizing Plate Heat Exchanger Design for Steam Condensate Recovery Systems
Authors: Malik Lupi Abdul , Sari Dessy Agustina
Published: June 2024

Condensate water is typically generated as a by-product during the use of steam as a medium for heat transfer. In order to optimize the transfer area, the chemical industry often employs heat exchangers, such as the plate heat exchanger (PHE), which provides flexibility in adjusting the space area for heat transfer. This case study examines the optimization of plate geometry dimensions to enhance the heat transfer process of PHE equipment design. The optimization process involves mathematical equations and a literature review of the design of this type of heat exchanger. Improving the dimensional aspect of the plate geometry results in an increase in the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and a reduction in the number of design requirements used. The study's estimation results suggest that the PHE design has a limitation on plate dimensions, which should be less than 0.3×0.6 m. Additionally, it is important to consider the pressure drop value, which should not exceed 29.07 kPa. A review of the chemical industry field provided estimated options for plate size and quantity, both of which support the optimization of heat transfer rate and design constraint thresholds. The implementation of the design has been found to enhance the performance of the planning process for recovering steam condensate water.
Gender differences and hypercholesterolemia: real-world evidence from the study WECARE (Women Effective CArdiovascular Risk Evaluation)
Authors: Perrone Valentina , Medea Gerardo , Urbinati Stefano , Sangiorgi Diego , Degli Esposti Luca
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The therapeutic control of LDL-cholesterol is essential in cardiovascular prevention, as recommended by the recent guidelines.
Objective: To evaluate gender differences in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment pattern, treatment adherence and healthcare costs in patients on lipid-lowering therapy, stratified by cardiovascular risk in the Italian real clinical practice.
Methods: An observational analysis was conducted on the administrative databases of healthcare institutions, covering about 6.1 million health-assisted subjects. After inclusion of all patients on lipid-lowering therapy between January 2017 and June 2020, the population was investigated in the period before the first prescription of a lipid-lowering drug and followed-up for at least 12 months. Clinical and demographic variables were compared after stratification by gender and by cardiovascular risk (very high/high/other risk). The main outcome measures were treatment adherence and direct healthcare costs during follow-up.
Results: Of the 684,829 patients with high/very high cardiovascular risk, 337,394 were men and 347,435 women, aged on average 69.3 years and 72.1 years, respectively (p < 0.001). Men were characterised by a worse comorbidity profile. Regardless of cardiovascular risk, female subjects were associated with larger utilisation of low-potency statins and lower adherence (p < 0.001). The annual healthcare costs per patient during follow-up were higher in men than in women (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The results highlighted larger utilisation of low-potency statins, a lower adherence and a milder comorbidity profile in women, the latter feasibly explaining the reduced healthcare costs compared to men.
Prevalensi, Intensitas, dan Dominansi Parasit pada Ikan Manggabai (Glossogobius giuris) di Danau Limboto Provinsi Gorontalo
Authors: Hamid Alia , Lamondo Djuna , Aydalina Regina Valentine
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to identify the different types of parasites infecting manggabai fish (Glossogobius giurus) in Lake Limboto, in addition to analyzing the intensity, prevalence, and dominance of parasites in the population. Twenty manggabai fish samples were collected from three different locations in Lake Limboto, namely Dembe 1, Tabmela, and Hutuo. The parasite examination process was carried out at the Zoology Laboratory of the Biology Department of Gorontalo State University, focusing on organs such as skin, gills, fins, and digestive organs. The method applied was the native method, which involves direct observation. The identification results showed the presence of three types of parasites in manggabai fish, namely Gyrodactylus sp., Camallanus sp., and Ligula intestinalis. The highest prevalence was recorded for Gyrodactylus sp. at 65%, indicating a significant spread of parasites in the fish population. The parasite intensity of Camallanus sp. from Hutuo at 7. The parasite Ligula intestinalis showed the highest dominance with a value of 44%. Meanwhile, the highest prevalence and intensity values were placed in the frequent and mild categories.
Analisis GC-MS dari Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tanaman Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) sebagai Obat Tradisional
Authors: Saputra I Putu Bayu Agus , Sukanty Ni Made Wiasty
Published: June 2024

Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.), have long been recognized in various parts of the world, especially in tropical regions, as a plant with various health benefits and traditional uses. The rich history of its use has been intertwined in various cultures, where the leaves are used not only as a food ingredient, but also as a herbal medicine. The phytochemical content in soursop leaves, such as acetogenin, alkaloids, and flavonoids has been the subject of intensive research in the last decade, highlighting their potential in treating a variety of health conditions, from inflammation to anti-cancer potential. The chemical structure and biological activity of these compounds have attracted the attention of researchers, especially in the search for alternative therapies for difficult-to-treat diseases. Soursop leaf extract has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and antitumor properties that offer new insights into its therapeutic potential. This research method uses the maceration method, where soursop leaves will be extracted using ethanol solvent and then the compounds contained in the extract will be analyzed using Gas-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of GC-MS analysis show that soursop leaves contain the compounds 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, Trans-Caryophyllene, Hexadecanoic acid (CAS) Palmitic acid, 2-Hexadecen- 1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl (Phytol), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) - (CAS) Linoleic acid, 9,12,15-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, Octadecanoic acid (CAS ) Stearic acid. The results of the analysis of compounds in soursop leaves can be a reference for further research to develop the potential of soursop fruit which leads to traditional medicine.
Pemahaman Konsep Materi Metabolisme pada Siswa Kelas XII MIPA
Authors: Anzani Fitri , Mardiyyaningsih Asriah Nurdini , Candramila Wolly
Published: June 2024

Good, broad, and in-depth mastery of concepts is very necessary to avoid misconceptions which may influence mastery of concepts in subsequent interconnected material. Low understanding of concepts can be seen from the low material completeness scores as found in class XII MIPA MA Negeri 1 Pontianak in two consecutive academic years, especially in the Metabolism material. This research aims to describe students' understanding of concepts and find out concepts that are difficult for class XII MIPA MA Negeri 1 Pontianak students to understand in Metabolism material. This research uses a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The sample was taken randomly, namely one of three classes XII MIPA at MA Negeri 1 Pontianak in the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 31 individuals. A two-tier diagnostic test instrument in the form of multiple choices is used to test understanding of the concepts of enzymes, catabolism and anabolism which consists of 20 questions. A combination of first and second level answers is used to differentiate between students who understand the concept, misconception type 1, misconception type 2, and do not understand the concept. The test results show that students' understanding of Metabolism material is in the very low category at 74.19%, in the low category 19.35%, in the medium category 6.45%, and in the high and very high categories 0%. The metabolism material that is most difficult for students to understand is the catabolism sub-material with a percentage of not understanding the concept of 50.69%, misconception type 2 41.93%. However, the percentage of misconceptions type 2 and not understanding concepts in the catabolism sub-material is also high at 50.00% and 33.33% respectively. Likewise, in the enzyme sub-material, the percentage of misconception type 2 was 38.24% and 37.32% did not understand the concept.
Pedagogical biography on the national-patriotic education of children and youth: ideas, concepts, practices : coll. of materials of IX All-Ukrainian sci. and practical conf. on the history of education with the intern. participation, May 13, 2024, Kyiv
Authors:   V.O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Educational Library of Ukraine
Published: June 2024

The collection contains abstracts of speeches of participants of the IX-th All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference on the History of education with the international participation Pedagogical biography on the national-patriotic education of children and youth: ideas, concepts, practices, held within the All-Ukrainian Festival of Science – 2024, which took place at V. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Educational Library of Ukraine on May 13, 2024.
Differentiable Modeling for Computational Imaging
Authors:   , Seifert Jacob
Published: June 2024

This thesis explores advancements in computational imaging methods that enable lensless, phase-sensitive microscopy, wavefront sensing, and metrology applications. By using overlapping regions illuminated by a probe beam, interference pattern measurements allow for computational reconstruction of objects through iterative algorithms. The focus is on enhancing these reconstructions using differentiable modeling of the underlying physics. This approach allows for the joint optimization of various parameters and the integration of deep learning techniques. The goal is to increase the flexibility and robustness of computational imaging for various applications, particularly under challenging experimental conditions.

The significance is particularly evident in the semiconductor industry, where nanoscale imaging is critical due to shrinking feature sizes in computer chips. With transistor dimensions approaching a few nanometers, traditional metrology faces significant challenges. Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) light, with wavelengths around 13.5 nm, is used in semiconductor manufacturing but is absorbed or poorly refracted by most materials, making lenses impractical. Computational lensless imaging provides high-resolution, non-destructive imaging of nanoscale structures on semiconductor wafers, addressing a key metrology need.
Virtual Discovery of Immune-Stimulating Epitopes in Chikungunya Virus for Vaccine Design
Authors: Ezediuno Louis O. , Ockiya Michael A. , David Kehinde B. , Awoniyi Luqman O. , Robert Faith O. , Oladipo Elijah K. , Majolagbe Olusola N.
Published: June 2024

Epitope identification is a key step in vaccine development, and this can be achieved much faster and less expensively with in silico methods, compared to traditional methods for vaccine production. In silico methods applied in this research utilised both bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approaches for chikungunya virus vaccine design, which involved the retrieval of sequences from databases, and identification of conserved regions within the sequences by multiple sequence alignment on the MEGA X software (Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA). The epitopes in the conserved regions were selected, and various immunological predictions and screenings were carried out by employing immunological databases and tools. This process identifies epitopes such as conservation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte, helper T lymphocytes, and B cell epitopes. The primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of the vaccine was also predicted using structure predicting servers, and finally, the vaccine candidate was docked to toll-like receptor 4 to study its binding affinity and configuration.

A total of 125 conserved antigenic epitopes were selected from capsid, 6K, and E1 proteins, which were found to be non-allergens and conform to acceptable physicochemical standards, as reported by other authors with similar work. The epitopes were predicted to be capable of inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes, and B cell production. Construction of secondary structure was done using the Self-Optimized Prediction Method with Alignment (SOPMA), which predicted 17.96% α-helices, and 4.69% β-turns, among others. Predicting the tertiary structure provided five models, of which Model 1 was selected on the bases of its confidential score of 0.59, estimated TM-score of 0.79±0.09, and root mean square deviation of 8.0±4.4Å. Validity analysis revealed a Ramachandran plot where 97.2% of the vaccine residue was within the favoured region, and the peptide showed a Z-score of -1.52. The predicted peptide effectively docked with toll-like receptor 4 with a binding energy of -1,072.8. From the data obtained, it was revealed that the selected epitopes are highly immunogenic, non-allergenic, conform to native protein, and form a peptide capable of vaccine application. The authors can conclude this is a promising candidate for vaccine design and development.
Would a comprehensive hearing aid fitting process lead to placebo effects compared to a simple process?
Authors: Wu Yu-Hsiang , Dorfler Megan , Stangl Elizabeth , Oleson Jacob
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Placebo effects refer to the impact of a treatment on health outcomes that cannot be attributed to the treatment itself. The current study aimed to investigate whether a comprehensive hearing aid fitting process would induce placebo effects compared to a simple process, and whether personal attributes such as personality traits could predict susceptibility to these effects.

Design

Thirty adults with hearing loss completed the study. The study began with a fitting session in which the field trial hearing aid configuration (the actual fitting) was set, followed by two experimental conditions. Each condition involved a fake hearing aid fitting and a 3-week field trial. In the fake fitting, bilateral hearing aids were fitted using the Comprehensive protocol (CM) that included multiple assessments and probe-microphone verification or the Streamlined protocol (ST) that did not involve any assessments other than a hearing test. The same hearing aid amplification settings established in the actual fitting, rather than the settings from the fake fittings, were used in the field trials for both conditions. Patient outcomes were measured using the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA), which was administered as both retrospective self-reports and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys. Personality was assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Upon completion of the study, participants expressed their hearing aid preferences based on hearing aids' real-world performances (prefer CM, prefer ST, or no preference).

Results

For both retrospective self-reports and EMA, the IOI-HA scores of the CM and ST conditions did not significantly differ. Among the 30 participants, 22 expressed a preference for either CM (n = 14) or ST (n = 8). Younger participants and those with higher levels of agreeableness were more likely to have a hearing aid preference.

Conclusions

At the group level, comprehensive hearing aid fitting process did not generate a placebo effect leading to better outcomes compared to a simple process. However, despite the absence of differences in hearing aid settings, most (73%) participants were affected by placebo effects, believing that one fitting process yielded better real-world outcomes than the other. Personal attributes including personality traits and age are associated with susceptibility to placebo effects.
Induction of CX3CL1 expression by LPS and its impact on invasion and migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: He Chanjuan , Wu Yuehan , Nan Xiaoxu , Zhang Weifang , Luo Yu , Wang Honglan , Li Mengqi , Liu Changyue , Liu Jiaming , Mou Xuelin , Liu Ying
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the expression of CX3CL1 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its impact on biological characteristics such as invasion and migration, taking the foundation for new targets for the treatment and prognosis of OSCC.

Methods: This study utilized a variety of techniques, including bioinformatics, molecular biology, and cell experiments, to investigate the expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 in OSCC patients’ cancer tissues or OSCC cell lines. Extracting, organizing, and analyzing the TCGA database on the expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 in cancer tissues and corresponding paracancerous normal tissues of OSCC patients by bioinformatics methods. The expression of CX3CL1 in cancerous and normal tissues of OSCC patients was verified by IHC, and the changes in mRNA and protein expression of CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 in OSCC cell lines were detected before and after lipopolysaccharide LPS stimulation by RT-PCR, ELISA, and WB. Changes in cell biological behavior by overexpression of CX3CL1 in OSCC cell lines were detected by CCK-8, Transwell, scratch healing assay, and cloning assay. The effects of overexpressing cell lines on the AKT pathway and Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT)-related protein expression before and after LPS stimulation were detected by Western Blot.

Results: (1) CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 were found to be downregulated in OSCC tissues of patients or OSCC cell lines. (2) After LPS stimulation, CX3CL1 gene expression increased in both OSCC cell lines, while CX3CR1 expression remained unchanged. (3) OSCC cell lines overexpressing CX3CL1 showed changes in cell biological characteristics, including decreased proliferation, invasion, migration, and stemness, which were more pronounced after LPS stimulation. (4) Overexpression of CX3CL1 in OSCC cell lines decreased EMT-related protein expression and AKT phosphorylation. On the contrary were promoted by LPS stimulation.

Conclusion:CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 are downregulated in OSCC cancer tissues and cell lines compared to adjacent normal tissues and cells. LPS stimulation increases CX3CL1 expression in OSCC cell lines, suggesting that inflammation may induce CX3CL1 expression and that the CX3CL1 gene may play an important role in OSCC progression. Overexpression of CX3CL1 inhibits OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness, suggesting that CX3CL1 plays a critical role in suppressing OSCC development. CX3CL1 suppresses OSCC invasion and migration by affecting EMT progression and AKT phosphorylation, and partially reverse the process that LPS causes and affects the development of OSCC.
Effects of ethyl palmitate on the release of aroma compounds in propanediol–ethanol solution and its mechanisms
Authors: Guo Wei-Wei , Luo Li-Wen , Wang Ding-Zhong , Fu Ying-Jie , Xi Hui , Sun Shi-Hao
Published: June 2024

Long-chain esters (LCEs) are known to affect aroma perception, but the mechanism of their effects remains unclear. In this study, ethyl palmitate (EP), an important LCE in Osmanthus fragrans flower absolute (OFFA), was selected as a target to identify its role and mechanism. The release characteristics of 10 aroma compounds from OFFA with and without EP were obtained by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) and olfactometry evaluation, respectively. The results show that EP changes the release behaviors of volatile compounds in solution, increases their olfactory detection thresholds (ODTs), and reduces the equilibrium headspace concentrations. According to Whitman’s two-film model, EP was found to change the partition coefficients and mass transfer coefficients of the compounds between the liquid and gas phases. This indicates that EP plays an important role in the scent formation of a flavor product and that it is very valuable for the style design of the flavor product.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing could play a pivotal role in validating the diagnosis of invasive mold disease of the central nervous system
Authors: Wei Erhu , Niu Jiechao , Zhang Mengjiao , Zhang Yu , Yan Kunli , Fang Xiao , Ma Wei , Xie Lei , Jia Peisheng , Wang Huaili
Published: June 2024

Background

Invasive mold diseases of the central nervous (CNS IMD) system are exceedingly rare disorders, characterized by nonspecific clinical symptoms. This results in significant diagnostic challenges, often leading to delayed diagnosis and the risk of misdiagnosis for patients. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) holds significant importance for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially in the rapid and accurate identification of rare and difficult-to-culture pathogens. Therefore, this study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of invasive mold disease of CNS IMD in children and assess the effectiveness of mNGS technology in diagnosing CNS IMD.

Methods

Three pediatric patients diagnosed with Invasive mold disease brain abscess and treated in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to December 2023 were selected for this study.

Results

Case 1, a 6-year-old girl, was admitted to the hospital with “acute liver failure.” During her hospital stay, she developed fever, irritability, and seizures. CSF mNGS testing resulted in a negative outcome. Multiple brain abscesses were drained, and Aspergillus fumigatus was detected in pus culture and mNGS. The condition gradually improved after treatment with voriconazole combined with caspofungin. Case 2, a 3-year-old girl, was admitted with “acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia.” During induction chemotherapy, she developed fever and seizures. Aspergillus fumigatus was detected in the intracranial abscess fluid by mNGS, and the condition gradually improved after treatment with voriconazole combined with caspofungin, followed by “right-sided brain abscess drainage surgery.” Case 3, a 7-year-old girl, showed lethargy, fever, and right-sided limb weakness during the pending chemotherapy period for acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Rhizomucor miehei and Rhizomucor pusillus was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid by mNGS. The condition gradually improved after treatment with amphotericin B combined with posaconazole. After a six-month follow-up post-discharge, the three patients improved without residual neurological sequelae, and the primary diseases were in complete remission.

Conclusion

The clinical manifestations of CNS IMD lack specificity. Early mNGS can assist in identifying the pathogen, providing a basis for definitive diagnosis. Combined surgical treatment when necessary can help improve prognosis.
Fibrinogen-to-prealbumin and C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin ratios as prognostic indicators in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Zhang Fan , Liu Xiao-Yi , Qiao Jin-Ping , He Wen-Tao
Published: June 2024

Background

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum levels of fibrinogen-to-prealbumin ratio (FPR) and C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin ratio (CPR) and prognostic outcomes among patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). SFTS, characterized by elevated mortality rates, represents a substantial public health challenge as an emerging infectious disease.

Methods

The study included 159 patients with SFTS. Clinical and laboratory data were compared between the survival and death groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were utilized to identify independent risk factors for mortality. The predictive efficacy of FPR and CPR was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier curve and the log-rank test was employed for comparison.

Results

The death group exhibited significantly elevated levels of FPR and CPR compared to the survival group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that both FPR and CPR independently correlated with a poorer prognosis among patients with SFTS. The ROC curve analysis indicated that FPR and CPR had superior predictive capabilities compared to C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with SFTS who have FPR > 0.045 (log-rank test; χ2 = 17.370, P < 0.001) or CPR > 0.05 (log-rank test; χ2 = 19.442, P < 0.001) experienced significantly lower survival rates within a 30-day follow-up period.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of FPR and CPR serve as distinct risk factors for mortality among patients with SFTS, indicating their potential to predict an unfavorable prognosis in these patients.
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in healthcare: a thematic analysis and research agenda
Authors: Sibanda Khulekani , Ndayizigamiye Patrick , Twinomurinzi Hossana
Published: June 2024

Introduction

In the big data era, where corporations commodify health data, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) present a transformative avenue for patient empowerment and control. NFTs are unique digital assets on the blockchain, representing ownership of digital objects, including health data. By minting their data as NFTs, patients can track access, monetize its use, and build secure, private health information systems. However, research on NFTs in healthcare is in its infancy, warranting a comprehensive review.

Methods

This study conducted a systematic literature review and thematic analysis of NFTs in healthcare to identify use cases, design models, and key challenges. Five multidisciplinary research databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, IEEE Explore, Elsevier Science Direct) were searched. The approach involved four stages: paper collection, inclusion/exclusion criteria application, screening, full-text reading, and quality assessment. A classification and coding framework was employed. Thematic analysis followed six steps: data familiarization, initial code generation, theme searching, theme review, theme definition/naming, and report production.

Results

Analysis of 19 selected papers revealed three primary use cases: patient-centric data management, supply chain management for data provenance, and digital twin development. Notably, most solutions were prototypes or frameworks without real-world implementations. Four overarching themes emerged: data governance (ownership, tracking, privacy), data monetization (commercialization, incentivization, sharing), data protection, and data storage. The focus lies on user-controlled, private, and secure health data solutions. Additionally, data commodification is explored, with mechanisms proposed to incentivize data maintenance and sharing. NFTs are also suggested for tracking medical products in supply chains, ensuring data integrity and provenance. Ethereum and similar platforms dominate NFT minting, while compact NFT storage options are being explored for faster data access.

Conclusion

NFTs offer significant potential for secure, traceable, decentralized healthcare data exchange systems. However, challenges exist, including dependence on blockchain, interoperability issues, and associated costs. The review identified research gaps, such as developing dual ownership models and data pricing strategies. Building an open standard for interoperability and adoption is crucial. The scalability, security, and privacy of NFT-backed healthcare applications require further investigation. Thus, this study proposes a research agenda for adopting NFTs in healthcare, focusing on governance, storage models, and perceptions.
Temporal monitoring of fumarole composition at Santorini volcano (Greece) highlights a quiescent state after the 2011–2012 unrest
Authors: Bernard Alexis , Battani Anne , Rizzo Andrea Luca , Balci Uğur , Györe Domokos , D’Alessandro Walter , Callot Jean-Paul , Kyriakopoulos Konstantinos , Pujol Magali
Published: June 2024

Santorini Island (Greece) is an active volcano which has alternated between dormant and active periods over the last 650,000 years with the latest volcanic unrest occurring in 2011–2012. Here we report a geochemical survey of fumarolic gases collected at Nea Kameni islet located in the center of the caldera over the period 2015–2022 in order to study the activity of the volcano and changes in hydrothermal conditions. This period is marked by the absence of significant geochemical anomalies compared to the unrest of 2011–2012, implying that no new magma upwelling has occurred. This is evident from the low CO2/CH4 ratio and H2 concentration of fumaroles. An increase of the atmospheric contribution in gases after the 2011–2012 unrest suggests a decrease of the deep gas flow and the chemical and C-He-isotope compositions are compatible with a model of Rayleigh fractionation in which CO2 dissolves in water at decreasing temperatures over time. These results are consistent with temperature estimates obtained using the H2/N2 geothermometer, seismic and geodetic evidences. This implies a slowing of the degassing of the hydrothermal/volcanic system and a cooling of the magma injected at shallow depth in 2011–2012. All these conclusions support a quiescent state of the Santorini volcano over the period 2015–2022.