bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SET1B facilitates activation of the hypoxia response through site-specific histone methylation
Authors: Ortmann Brian , Burrows Natalie , Bailey Peter , Lobb Ian , Peñalver Ana , Wit Niek , Rayner Louise , Seear Rachel , Mole David , Ratcliffe Peter , Maxwell Patrick , Nathan James
Published: December 2020

Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are fundamental to the cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels but how they interact with chromatin and efficiently activate their target genes is unclear. Using genome-wide mutagenesis in human cancer cells, we define genes required for HIF transcriptional activation, and identify a requirement for the Histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase SET1B. Loss of SET1B leads to a selective reduction in HIF transcriptional activity in hypoxia, with SET1B driving expression of genes involved in angiogenesis rather than glycolysis, resulting in impaired tumour establishment in SET1B deficient xenografts. Mechanistically, we show that SET1B is itself oxygen regulated, accumulates on chromatin in hypoxia, and is recruited to HIF target genes through HIF-1α. Accordingly, we show that the hypoxic induction of H3K4me3 at specific HIF targets is both HIF and SET1B dependent, and when impaired, decreases promoter acetylation and gene expression. Together, these findings reveal SET1B as a determinant of site-specific histone methylation and provide insight into how HIF target genes are differentially regulated.
The Role of United Territorial Communities in the Development Foreign Economic Activity of Agricultural Producers
Authors: Fedosieieva Hanna S.
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the mechanism of cooperation between the united territorial communities and agricultural producers. An example of the activities of a particular rural territorial community identifies the benefits of such cooperation for each participant. In particular, the most important positive results for the united territorial communities are the development of employment of the local population; development of social and rehabilitation of industrial infrastructure; an increase in the average wage; reducing the rate of migration of young people. The system of measures to be taken by the united territorial community in order to stimulate the export operations of local agricultural producers is justified. The factors that should be taken into account by agricultural producers in the process of joint development of the strategy of entering the foreign market are identified: identification of the object and the country of export; study of legislation in the field of agricultural imports of the partner country; the possibility of involving an external specialist in foreign economic activity and international certification; search for a foreign partner; calculation of economic efficiency of the planned export operation; others. The export options are presented for certain agricultural producers, taking into account their modern specialization, the possibility of diversification of activities, the volume of agricultural lands, the export price for certain types of products, promising markets, and the available competitive advantages. The focus is on the expediency of exporting niche types of agricultural products, including white beans. In addition, the emphasis is placed on the need to consolidate the provisions of mutually beneficial parity cooperation and to determine the parameters of a concrete positive effect of such cooperation for the united territorial community.

Keywords: agricultural producer, export, foreign economic activity, united territorial community.
Analytical Estimation of the Level of Development and Balance of Foreign Trade of Goodsy
Authors: Ivanenko Olena I. , Sagaydack Yulia A.
Published: December 2020

The maіn purpose of thіs research іs to assess the level of development and balance of foreіgn trade іn goods. To achіeve thіs goal, the followіng tasks were set: to analyze export-іmport operatіons and the maіn іndіcators that characterіze the level of development of foreіgn trade. The paper uses general scіentіfіc and specіal methods, whіch were used to study the processes and phenomena іn theіr іnterrelatіon. The theoretіcal basіs of the study were the fundamental poіnts of the scіentіfіc works of famous scіentіsts, statіstіcal reports. The foreіgn trade of Ukraіne іs conducted, the maіn іndіcators of іts development trends are calculated, іn partіcular, exports, іmports іn commodіty and geographіcal terms, Ukraіne's foreіgn trade turnover, the country's partіcіpatіon іn foreіgn trade and іts potentіal are analyzed. The maіn partner countrіes have been іdentіfіed and іnvestіgated. Іt was found that the largest shares of exports of product groups іn 2019 were products of anіmal and vegetable orіgіn, base metals and artіcles thereof, and the smallest – products of the chemіcal and related іndustrіes. The largest іmports are machіnery, equіpment and mechanіsms, electrіcal equіpment. The maіn trends and changes іn export-іmport operatіons and the factors that determіne them are іndіcated. The ways and dіrectіons of expandіng the export potentіal are defіned. Іt іs determіned that under the іnfluence of changes іn world commodіty markets and geopolіtіcal processes durіng the last decade there has been a sіgnіfіcant transformatіon of Ukraіne's foreіgn trade іn both regіonal and commodіty terms. Among the maіn trends іs the іncreasіng role of European countrіes as a tradіng partner. The only regіon wіth whіch trade volumes have decreased over the last decade were the CІC countrіes, prіmarіly due to the Russіan Federatіon.

Key words: balance of foreіgn trade, foreіgn trade, assessment of foreіgn trade.
Bud Initiation, Microsporogenesis, Megasporogenesis, and Cone Development in Platycladus orientalis
Authors: Liao Ting , Liu Guobin , Guo Liqin , Wang Ye , Yao Yanwu , Cao Jun
Published: December 2020

As a native tree species with a strong adaptability, Platycladus orientalis is a species of choice for afforestation and landscaping in northern China. However, it develops mostly male cones and few female cones. In addition, its reproductive characteristics are not yet clear, which limits further breeding work. To systematically clarify the reproductive biology characteristic and fertilization mechanism of P. orientalis, the present study comprehensively investigated the process of micro and macro-sporogenesis in male and female cones from bud initiation to fertilization, and seed development. The specific time in each developmental stage, including bud initiation, microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, and cone and seed development, was determined, and the abortive phenomenon during development was discovered in both male and female cones. In addition, this research showed that the microspore mother cells were dormant in winter at meiosis stage, and the male gametophyte started to develop when dormancy ended. The tapetum developed normally and belonged to the secretory type. The optimal treatment time for male and female cones transformation by artificial induction was from late June to mid-July. This finding provided a theoretical basis for hybridization, breeding, improvement of seed yield and quality, and artificial induction of male and female cone transformation in P. orientalis.
ABCES CLITORIDIEN SPONTANE: A PROPOS D UN CAS
Authors:   Service Gynecologie Obstetrique., Amine Laraichi Bedoui Mohammed , Aalalou Hayat ,   Service Gynecologie Obstetrique., Mamouni Nisrine ,   CHU Hassan., Errarhay Sanaa ,   CHU Hassan., Bouchikhi Chahrazad ,   Faculte De Medecine Et De Pharmacie De Fes., Banani Abdelaziz ,   Faculte De Medecine Et De Pharmacie De Fes.
Published: December 2020

Labces clitoridien spontane est une affection gynecologique rare, la comparaison avec dautres cas est difficile vu le nombre limite des cas rapportes dans la litterature. Cest une complication survenant surtout dans le cadre de mutilation genitale. Nous rapportons le cas dun abces clitoridien survenant chez une jeune patiente de faÃ§on spontanee.
FABRICATION OF OCULAR PROSTHESIS - A COMBINATION OF A STOCK AND CUSTOM MADE PROSTHESIS- A CASE REPORT
Authors:   ijar, Carmeen Coelho Maban , Naveen Shamnur Sunitha , D.B Nandeeshwar , Panjanan Duraiswamy Barath
Published: December 2020

An ocular defect may affect a patient psychologically and an ocular prosthesis is given to uplift the patient psychologically and improve the confidence. Defects of the eye may follow the removal of a part of or the entire orbit. This results in the patient becoming visually and psychologically handicapped. Restoring the defect with a prosthesis not only restores esthetics but also gives back the lost confidence to the patient. This is a case report of a patient with a prosthetic eye fabricated by the combination of a stock eye and a custom ocular prosthesis.
Insurance instruments in risk management of the manufacturing sector of a region: the case of the Republic of Khakassia (Russia)
Authors: Prokopjeva Evgenija , Chernova Galina , P. Kuznetsova Nataliya , Kalayda Svetlana , Ivanov Leonid
Published: December 2020

Socio-economic development of a region is based on its production capacity. However, most regions in Russia are characterized by financial instability of local enterprises and the lack of a balanced structure of the regional economy. Insurance is an instrument of financial protection against risks, and its effective functioning is important for the development of the manufacturing sector, especially in depressed regions.This paper aims to highlight the mechanisms for increasing the production capacity of a region and reducing business risks with the help of insurance instruments and to provide appropriate recommendations for the development of the insurance market. This is planned to be achieved on the basis of analysis and processing of existing scientific research in this field and statistical materials.For this, a typology of regions was developed, which reflects the level of production in the region and is important in terms of developing the regional insurance market. This allows assessing the impact of insurance coverage in the region on the development of its production capacity. The proposed typology allows determining the causes of production inefficiency. The conformity of the development of the regional insurance market to the needs for insurance coverage of the production sector in the region was assessed. The identified imbalance between the provision of insurance coverage and the need for it allowed demonstrating an additional need for insurance, as well as working out a program for its development.The obtained results are illustrated using the example of the Republic of Khakassia, a constituent entity of the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. To implement risk management in the manufacturing sector, schemes of interaction between insurance market participants using commercial and non-commercial insurance are proposed.
AcknowledgmentThe paper was written under the grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research – Development of a Methodology for Green and Infrastructure Investment by Institutional Investors in the Context of Pension Reforms.
Effects of variety and maturity stage of coconut on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of powdered coconut drink
Authors: Azra Jeallyza Muthia , Setiawan Budi , Nasution Zuraidah , Sulaeman Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Coconut water is rich in nutrients and biologically-active compounds. However, it has a short shelf life that can be prolonged by freeze drying. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fresh and powdered coconut drinks.

Study objects and methods. The experiments included eight samples, namely fresh and powdered coconut drinks obtained from coconuts of different varieties (tall and hybrid) and maturity stages (4 and 6 m.o.). The samples were analyzed for nutrient content (ash, protein, fat, total carbohydrate, and fibre), physicochemical properties (titratable acidity, pH, viscosity, total soluble solids, turbidity, water activity, and browning index), and sensory characteristics (color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptance).

Results and discussion. The results obtained showed that there were significant differences among the coconut drinks of different varieties and maturity stages. They differed in nutrient content, pH value, titratable acidity, viscosity, and water activity. Meanwhile, the aroma, taste, and overall acceptance scores of all the samples were not significantly different. The powdered drink from 6 m.o. hybrid coconut was selected as the optimal sample due to its good sensory and physicochemical attributes. These attributes were similar to those of the fresh coconut drink.

Conclusion. The powdered drink from 6 m.o. hybrid coconut obtained by freeze drying could be considered as an alternative healthy drink with good quality characteristics.
Water resources and flooding risk in Kumamoto based on observed hydrologic data analysis
Authors: Higashino Makoto , Stefan Heinz G.
Published: December 2020

Variability and change of precipitation were investigated in Kumamoto on Kyushu Island in southwestern Japan, to assess water resources and flooding risk. Annual precipitation, annual maximum daily precipitation, and annual maximum hourly precipitation have increased over the period from 1891 to 2018 (128 years). Trends are 26.2 mm per decade, 6.07 mm/day per decade, and 2.17 mm/h/decade, respectively. Precipitation in the rainy season (June and July) is on average 37% (ranging from 12 to 59%) of annual precipitation for the 128-year period. Maximum daily precipitation in a year occurred at Kumamoto in the rainy season in 92/128 (72%) of the years of observation from 1891 to 2018, in the typhoon (August to November) season in 23/128 (18%), and in the March to May season in 12/128 (10%). This indicates that the rainy monsoon season poses the largest daily flooding risk. A wavelet analysis revealed that from 1891 to 2018 annual precipitation and daily maximum precipitation fluctuate with 2 and 4 years periods, which may be related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is likely that air temperature rises, ENSO and topographical characteristics contributed to an increase in precipitation in the period. The analysis also showed that typhoons hitting or approaching Kumamoto have significantly affected annual precipitation and annual maximum daily precipitation, while the interval between typhoons affecting Kumamoto has been getting longer since the 1970s.
Quantification of microplastics by count, size and morphology in beverage containers using Nile Red and ImageJ
Authors: Chen Shujuan , Li Yue , Mawhorter Christopher , Legoski Saamon
Published: December 2020

Abundant evidence of microplastics (MP) found in the environment, and its toxicity effect in animals calls for human-related research. However, well-established quantitative controlled studies on the potential route of human exposure to MP are still sparse. MP count, size and morphology in 15 polylactic acid (PLA)-lined plastic cups and 15 PLA-lined paper cups were examined using Nile Red fluorescence tagging, microscopic photography, and morphology assessment and quantification based on ImageJ. In the plastic cups, the count and area of MP fibers were found to be significantly higher compared with blanks (p < 0.05), but not MP particles or total MP. In paper cups, count or area was not significantly different in terms of MP particle, MP fibers or total MP. No interesting trend was observed in the distribution regarding the size of MP particles or fibers. These results indicate that selected paper cups and plastic cups could be considered as safe beverage containers, but further research on the toxicological effects of MPs in different morphologies released from plastic cups on human health is needed.
Biofoam formation and defoamation in global wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Dlangamandla Cynthia , Basitere Moses , Okeleye Benjamin Ifeoluwa , Chidi Boredi Silas , Karabo Obed Ntwampe Seteno
Published: December 2020

Municipal wastewater treatment is largely based on activated sludge (AS) systems due to their ability to reduce biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD). They are similarly efficient in nitrification and denitrification. However, major drawbacks such as foaming associated with the prevalence of lipids (fats, oil, grease (FOG)) and proteinaceous material arise, which reduces AS efficiency – a focus of this review. Many strategies are employed for foam reduction in AS systems, where proliferation of foam-forming microorganisms can be challenging. To understand foam formation, prevention and deterioration, including destabilisation, a multidisciplinary mitigation approach is required, in which some bioprocess aspects such as foam destabilisation kinetics should be understood and quantified. This review reports on biological foam formation and source in wastewater treatment, defoaming strategies, and biofoam destabilisation kinetics as well as factors affecting foam stability.
Las otras islas. San Andrés, Providencia & Santa Catalina
Authors: Martínez Salazar Luis Guillermo
Published: December 2020

Con este breve compendio fotográfico no busco de ninguna manera hacer un estudio antropológico ni mucho menos sociológico o cultural del Archipiélago, son simplemente imágenes de un cuaderno de viaje, sin pretensiones, un compendio de paisajes, situaciones, personas que de una u otra forma captaron mi atención y los cuales atesoré con mi cámara para conservarlas como bellos recuerdos. Como pescador y hombre de mar que soy, quedé maravillado por ese Caribe de un azul de múltiples tonalidades, aromas y facetas, de una riqueza y biodiversidad enorme, pero también recio, severo, implacable, formador de personalidades fuertes y auténticas, la personalidad del Raizal.
An attempt to set limits on human interference in the environment
Authors: Latawiec Michał
Published: December 2020

In this article, the author discusses the problem of crossing the boundaries of human intervention in the environment that affect both nature and man. Setting limits on human interference in nature (and in man themselves) is dependent on the type of boundaries. For this reason, the author presents the issues of the role and development of human interference in nature, an attempt to justify the current intervention as well as the associated dilemmas. For the purpose of this analysis, the author formulates a definition of borderline interference in nature. Finally, the author gives examples of exceeding the permissible limits.
Environmental vices as ethical and anthropological roots of the environmental crisis
Authors: Dzwonkowska Dominika
Published: December 2020

The root of environmental crisis is not only the failure to recognize the intrinsic value of the non-human world, but it can also be perceived as a failure in moral excellence and in the cultivation of virtue. The word “virtue” is an old-fashioned one, representing tradition and today we mostly associate it with academic discussion. However, the term is not only connected with traditional ethical reflection; nowadays, we can witness a revival of virtue discourse in environmental ethics, namely in environmental virtue ethics. The paper analyses the problem of cardinal virtue and vice, and tries to answer which vices are the most responsible for the environmental crisis. Thus the five crucial environmental vices are defined as egoism, greed, arrogance, ignorance and apathy.
From the ethology of animals to the human ecology
Authors: Łepko Zbigniew
Published: December 2020

The title “From the ethology of animals to human ecology” acknowledges both the theories of evolution developed in numerous scientific fields of science, and the academic achievements of Konrad Lorenz and his partners, the development of which are shown through the order of studies they published, from the scope of classical ethology and the row of humanities, to philosophy and human ecology. Lorenz conducted an ethological examination of human culture, thereby uncovering its biological bases, its dynamics, social pathologies and means for overcoming them. Thanks to this Lorenz gained an insight into the character of the crisis of contemporary civilization, described and diagnosed it, presented the causes and proposed a cure. Lorenz recommended mobilizing efforts to create an ecological ethos for those surviving on Earth. Today it isn’t possible to predict the future of Homo sapiens on our planet, however, it is our duty to prepare for our struggle to survive. It is not only about survival but also about the preservation of the human way of life. This is a matter of biological and spiritual survival. Therefore, Lorenz’s ethological humanism takes on the mantle of a new ‘evolutionary humanism’.
Environmental education as a priority in education of a contemporary man
Authors: Buchcic Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

People never stop learning and developing their skills. Education is associated with different spheres and different moments of people's lives. The learning process is mainly linked with schools, however, we should not underestimate that process which takes place outside schools as well. What we have learned, contributes, to a great extent, to what sort of people we are. The more we know, the more aware of the nearby World development, the more aware of phenomena understanding, phenomena that take place around us and, therefore, allow us to participate in all society activities.
Oxygen consumption in the sandy beaches of the Vistula River: Goods and services of the ecosystem
Authors: Słodownik Patrycja , Opaliński Krzysztof W.
Published: December 2020

The research aimed to estimate the role of the beach in the process of self-purification of water in the Vistula River. The study could become a very important voice in the debate about the future of the Vistula River. A self-purification process involves the disposal of pollutants entering the water from the catchment of the River. A measure of the Vistula River water purification process of organic matter is the amount of oxygen that is consumed by the beach settlement. That is the amount of utilised organic matter by psammon during cellular respiration. Besides, the calculation of the amount of organic matter, which was worn by psammon can be the measure of “goods and services of the ecosystem” of the river.
Synthesis and Biological Analysis of Anti-addiction Effect and Hepatotoxicity of Tow Baclofen Analogues Complexed with β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Keniche Assia , EL Ouar Ibtissem , Zeghina Ibtissem , Dib Mohammed El Amine
Published: December 2020

Aim and Objective :

The excessive consumption of alcohol and the installation of
dependence is, in most cases, facilitated by favorable psychological factors that trigger and
maintain the behavior of consumers. Examples more frequently encountered in individuals having
difficulty with alcohol are, in particular: one or more anxiety disorders, deficits in the capacities to
manage stress and anxiety. The main objective of this work was to study in vivo the anti-addiction
effect and hepatotoxicity of tow baclofen analogues complexed with β-Cyclodextrin (βCD) on an
alcohol-dependent rat model.

Materials and Methods:

The synthesis of two analogues, ABF1 and ABF2, close to baclofen was
reported. The structural determination of the two compounds was confirmed by NMR and IR
analysis. The complexation of analogues with β-Cyclodextrin (βCD) was performed in water at
room temperature (25 °C). The interactions of ABF with β-Cyclodextrin, and the stability constant
(Ka) of the inclusion complex formed between them were investigated by using UV-visible
spectroscopy. The biological effects of baclofen and the two analogues on alcohol dependence
were studied in wistar rats. The anti-addiction effect of the analogues was tested by measuring the
alcohol intake and the variation of the animal behaviour. The toxicity of the compounds was also
analysed on liver injury markers.

Results:

The amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid (ABF1) and 3,4,5-trihydroxy-N-(methyl-2-acetate)
benzamide (ABF2) were synthesized. The complexation of both analogues of baclofen (BF) with
β-cyclodextrin (βCD) (ABF- βCD) was realized and confirmed by the stability constant of the
inclusion complex (Ka) and Job’s method. The evaluation of anti-addiction activity in vivo showed
that ABF1-βCD inhibits the consumption of alcohol at doses equivalent to those of baclofen. Both
baclofen analogues have shown an anxiolytic effect. Regarding the toxicity of the two compounds,
our results showed that ABF1-βCD has less toxic effect than baclofen; it reduces the activity of
ALT and AST enzymes. Histologically, ABF1-βCD has no effect on the liver structure and has a
protective effect against lesions alcohol-induced liver disease.

Conclusion:

Therefore, it can be suggested that ABF1 analogue combined with β-Cyclodextrin can
be used as a treatment for alcohol dependence. Further clinical works are needed to confirm its
effectiveness.
Nanoemulsions: A Better Approach for Antidiabetic Drug Delivery
Authors: Manimaran V. , Sivakumar Ponnurengam Malliappan , Narayanan J. , Parthasarathi Shanmugam , Prabhakar Pranav Kumar
Published: December 2020

Conventional delivery of antidiabetic drugs faces many problems like poor absorption,
low bioavailability, and drug degradation. Nanoemulsion is a unique drug technology, which is
very suitable for the delivery of antidiabetic drugs. In recent years, the flaws of delivering anti-hypoglycaemic
drugs have been overcome by choosing nanoemulsion drug technology. They are thermodynamically
stable and also provide the therapeutic agent for a longer duration. Generally, nanoemulsions
are made up of either oil-in-water or water-in-oil and the size of the droplets is from
fifty to thousand nanometer. Surfactants are critical substances that are added in the manufacturing
of nanoemulsions. Only the surfactants which are approved for human use can be utilized in the
manufacturing of nanoemulsions. Generally, the preparation of emulsions includes mixing of the
aqueous phase and organic phase and using surfactant with proper agitation. Nanoemulsions are
used for antimicrobial drugs, and they are also used in the prophylaxis of cancer. Reduction in the
droplet size may cause variation in the elastic and optical behaviour of nanoemulsions.
Ginger and Heart Health: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics
Authors: Fakhri Sajad , Patra Jayanta K. , Das Swagat K. , Das Gitishree , Majnooni Mohammad B. , Farzaei Mohammad H.
Published: December 2020

Background:

As a major cause of morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally
increasing. In spite of recent development in the management of cardiovascular complications, CVDs have remained a
medical challenge. Numerous conventional drugs are used to play cardioprotective roles; however, they are associated
with several side effects. Considering the rich phytochemistry and fewer side effects of herbal medicines, they have
gained particular attention to develop novel herbal drugs with cardioprotective potentials. Amongst natural entities, ginger
is an extensively used and well-known functional food and condiment, possessing plentiful bioactivities, like antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties in several disorders management.

Objective:

The current review deliberated phytochemical properties as well as the ginger/ginger constituents' biological
activities and health benefits in several diseases, with particular attention to cardiovascular complications.

Methods:

A comprehensive research was conducted using multiple databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Web
of Science, national database (Irandoc and SID), and related articles in terms of the health benefits and cardioprotective
effects of ginger/ginger constituents. These data were collected from inception until August 2019.

Results:

In recent years, several herbal medicines were used to develop new drugs with more potency and also minor side
effects. Amongst natural entities, ginger is an extensively used traditional medicine in several diseases. The crude extract,
along with related pungent active constituents, is mostly attributed to heart health. The cardioprotective effects of ginger
are contributed to its cardiotonic, antihypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-platelet effects. The signaling pathways
and molecular mechanisms of ginger regarding its cardioprotective effects are also clarified.

Conclusion:

This study revealed the biological activities, health benefits, and cardioprotective properties of ginger/ginger
constituents along with related mechanisms of action, which gave new insights to show new avenue in the treatment of
CVDs.
Clinical Presentation and Short Term Treatment Response in Catatonia: An Observational Study
Authors: Surjan Kunal , Aggarwal Shivali , Sharma Mohit , Dhiman Vishal , Singh Vijender
Published: December 2020

Background:

Clinical features and treatment response in catatonia is unpredictable and
needs to be studied further.

Objective:

: The aim of this research is to study clinical presentations of catatonia and its response to
various modalities of treatment.

Methods:

This study recruited 50 patients in the age group of 15-65 years, with a diagnosis of catatonia
as per DSM 5 criteria, selected by a stepwise process of sample selection. Patients with significant
medical or surgical illness warranting immediate intervention were excluded. A detailed
history and clinical information was obtained following informed consent from patient’s caregivers
and other significant relatives. Rating on the severity of symptoms as well as treatment response
was done using the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) on 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th day of
admission. Modified Electro-Convulsive Therapy (MECT) was administered to patients who had an
inadequate response to intravenous lorazepam.

Results:

It was found that 32 (64%) patients had a psychotic disorder, and 18 (36%) patients had
mood disorders as an underlying diagnosis in catatonic presentation. Mutism was the most common
catatonic sign-on rating with BFCRS, found in 50 (100%) of the patients. Complete resolution of
catatonia was observed in 26 (52%) of patients following the use of intravenous lorazepam, while
24 (48%) required MECT. Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia required higher doses of intravenous
lorazepam (p=0.001) and showed a lesser response to intravenous lorazepam compared to
patients with diagnoses of mood disorders and other psychotic disorders.

Conclusion:

Most common diagnosis in patients of catatonia was found to be psychotic disorder.
Retarded signs of catatonia were found to be the commonest presentation. MECT was required to
achieve resolution of catatonic symptoms in around half (48%) of the cases. The patients with diagnoses
of schizophrenia required higher doses and also showed a lesser response to intravenous
lorazepam, hence MECT was required in a higher proportion of such cases.
Nigella Sativa: An Immunity Booster as Pandemic Treatment Solution Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Hussain Ashfaq , Verma Chandan Kumar
Published: December 2020

Nigella sativa (Family Ranunculaceae) is a common medicinal plant all across the
world. It is quite popular in different traditional medicinal systems such as Unani, Ayurveda, Tibb,
and Siddha. Oil and Seeds have a long tradition of folk medicine utilized in different medicinal systems
and food. The seeds of N. Sativa have indeed been widely applied in the treatment of many
diseases, ailments, and also as an immune booster. Our research goal was to primarily concentrate
on the therapeutic efficacy of Nigella sativa in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Aspectos reproductivos de Grapsus grapsus (Decapoda: Grapsidae) en islas del sureste del Golfo de California
Authors: Gutiérrez-Rubio Yecenia , Arzola-González Juan Francisco , Pérez-González Raúl , Rodríguez-Domínguez Guillermo , Salgado-Barragán José , Ramírez-Pérez Jorge Saúl , González-Castillo Adrián
Published: December 2020

Objetivo. Se analizó la proporción de sexos, hembras ovígeras, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad del cangrejo roca Grapsus grapsus en islas Lobos, Venados y Pájaros (sureste del Golfo de California). Material y métodos. Los muestreos fueron mensuales entre marzo 2011 y febrero 2012, las colectas fueron nocturnas durante la bajamar, se obtuvieron en un cuadrante (25 m2) por isla 30 organismos al azar, se les determinó el AN (mm) y PT (g). Se estimó la proporción de sexos y talla de primera madurez sexual (AN50%), se analizaron en hembras grávidas, las fases embrionarias y la fecundidad (método gravimétrico). Resultados. La proporción de M:H fue 1:1.3. La talla media de primera madurez fue AN50% 34.9 mm. Es evidente la presencia de hembras ovígeras (71.3%) y todas las fases embrionarias, la fase rojo-naranja fue la mayor representada en 48%. La variación del diámetro del huevo fue 1.1 a 5 µm y el promedio de 3.05 µm. La fecundidad media fue 24339.3 cigotos. El máximo y mínimo peso de hembras ovígeras fue 69.9 y 15.2 g, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Con base a las características biológicas del recurso tales como la proporción de sexos, hembras ovígeras, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad en la población de G. grapsus, representa un efecto favorable en su posterior administración y manejo de este recurso en esta zona.
Exploring the Interdisciplinary Nature of Precision Medicine：Network Analysis and Visualization
Authors: Xu Xin , Hu Jiming , Lyu Xiaoguang , Huang He , Cheng Xingyu
Published: December 2020

Background

Interdisciplinary research is an important feature of precision medicine. However, the accurate cross-disciplinary status of precision medicine is still unclear.

Objective

The aim of this study is to present the nature of interdisciplinary collaboration in precision medicine based on co-occurrences and social network analysis.

Methods

A total of 7544 studies about precision medicine, published between 2010 and 2019, were collected from the Web of Science database. We analyzed interdisciplinarity with descriptive statistics, co-occurrence analysis, and social network analysis. An evolutionary graph and strategic diagram were created to clarify the development of streams and trends in disciplinary communities.

Results

The results indicate that 105 disciplines are involved in precision medicine research and cover a wide range. However, the disciplinary distribution is unbalanced. Current cross-disciplinary collaboration in precision medicine mainly focuses on clinical application and technology-associated disciplines. The characteristics of the disciplinary collaboration network are as follows: (1) disciplinary cooperation in precision medicine is not mature or centralized; (2) the leading disciplines are absent; (3) the pattern of disciplinary cooperation is mostly indirect rather than direct. There are 7 interdisciplinary communities in the precision medicine collaboration network; however, their positions in the network differ. Community 4, with disciplines such as genetics and heredity in the core position, is the most central and cooperative discipline in the interdisciplinary network. This indicates that Community 4 represents a relatively mature direction in interdisciplinary cooperation in precision medicine. Finally, according to the evolution graph, we clearly present the development streams of disciplinary collaborations in precision medicine. We describe the scale and the time frame for development trends and distributions in detail. Importantly, we use evolution graphs to accurately estimate the developmental trend of precision medicine, such as biological big data processing, molecular imaging, and widespread clinical applications.

Conclusions

This study can help researchers, clinicians, and policymakers comprehensively understand the overall network of interdisciplinary cooperation in precision medicine. More importantly, we quantitatively and precisely present the history of interdisciplinary cooperation and accurately predict the developing trends of interdisciplinary cooperation in precision medicine.
COVID-19 Misinformation Trends in Australia: Prospective Longitudinal National Survey
Authors: Pickles Kristen , Cvejic Erin , Nickel Brooke , Copp Tessa , Bonner Carissa , Leask Julie , Ayre Julie , Batcup Carys , Cornell Samuel , Dakin Thomas , Dodd Rachael H , Isautier Jennifer M J , McCaffery Kirsten J
Published: December 2020

Background

Misinformation about COVID-19 is common and has been spreading rapidly across the globe through social media platforms and other information systems. Understanding what the public knows about COVID-19 and identifying beliefs based on misinformation can help shape effective public health communications to ensure efforts to reduce viral transmission are not undermined.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with COVID-19 misinformation in Australia and their changes over time.

Methods

This prospective, longitudinal national survey was completed by adults (18 years and above) across April (n=4362), May (n=1882), and June (n=1369) 2020.

Results

Stronger agreement with misinformation was associated with younger age, male gender, lower education level, and language other than English spoken at home (P<.01 for all). After controlling for these variables, misinformation beliefs were significantly associated (P<.001) with lower levels of digital health literacy, perceived threat of COVID-19, confidence in government, and trust in scientific institutions. Analyses of specific government-identified misinformation revealed 3 clusters: prevention (associated with male gender and younger age), causation (associated with lower education level and greater social disadvantage), and cure (associated with younger age). Lower institutional trust and greater rejection of official government accounts were associated with stronger agreement with COVID-19 misinformation.

Conclusions

The findings of this study highlight important gaps in communication effectiveness, which must be addressed to ensure effective COVID-19 prevention.
Guided Relaxation–Based Virtual Reality for Acute Postoperative Pain and Anxiety in a Pediatric Population: Pilot Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Olbrecht Vanessa A , O'Conor Keith T , Williams Sara E , Boehmer Chloe O , Marchant Gilbert W , Glynn Susan M , Geisler Kristie J , Ding Lili , Yang Gang , King Christopher D
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Distraction-based therapies, such as virtual reality (VR), have been used to reduce pain during acutely painful procedures. However, distraction alone cannot produce prolonged pain reduction to manage sustained postoperative pain. Therefore, the integration of VR with other pain-reducing therapies, like guided relaxation, may enhance its clinical impact.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this pilot study was to assess the impact of a single guided relaxation–based VR (VR-GR) session on postoperative pain and anxiety reduction in children. We also explored the influence of pain catastrophizing and anxiety sensitivity on this association.

METHODS

A total of 51 children and adolescents (7-21 years) with postoperative pain and followed by the Acute Pain Service at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital were recruited over an 8-month period to undergo a single VR-GR session. Prior to VR, the patients completed 2 questionnaires: Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children (PCS-C) and the Child Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI). The primary outcome was a change in pain intensity following the VR-GR session (immediately, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes). The secondary outcomes included changes in pain unpleasantness and anxiety.

RESULTS

The VR-GR decreased pain intensity immediately (P<.001) and at 30 minutes (P=.04) after the VR session, but not at 15 minutes (P=.16) postsession. Reductions in pain unpleasantness were observed at all time intervals (P<.001 at all intervals). Anxiety was reduced immediately (P=.02) but not at 15 minutes (P=.08) or 30 minutes (P=.30) following VR-GR. Patients with higher CASI scores reported greater reductions in pain intensity (P=.04) and unpleasantness (P=.01) following VR-GR. Pain catastrophizing was not associated with changes in pain and anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS

A single, short VR-GR session showed transient reductions in pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and anxiety in children and adolescents with acute postoperative pain. The results call for a future randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of VR-GR.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04556747; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04556747
Evidencias de cirugía craneana prehistórica en Colombia
Authors: Gómez Gónzalez Jaime , Correal Urrego Gonzalo
Published: December 2020

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Joyería Barbacoana: artesanía en un complejo orfebre con supervivencias precolombinas
Authors: Friedemann Nina S. de
Published: December 2020

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Tradiciones cerámicas de las altiplanicies de Cundinamarca y Boyacá
Authors: Broadbent Sylvia M.
Published: December 2020

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Nomenclatura y población indígenas de la antigua jurisdicción de Cali a mediados del Siglo XVI
Authors: Romoli Kathleen
Published: December 2020

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Bases culturales en la enseñanza del diseño artesanal
Authors: Mora de Jaramillo Yolanda
Published: December 2020

Este artículo se basa, en la Ponencia presentada al Primer Seminario de Diseño Artesanal, Agosto/1972, organizado por la Asociación Colombiana de promoción Artesanal y por Artesanías de Colombia S. A.
Notas para el estudio de la alimentación en Ráquira
Authors: Mora de Jaramillo Yolanda
Published: December 2020

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Mitología Cuna: los Kalu, según Alfonso Días Granados
Authors: Herrera Leonor , Cardale de Schrimpff Marianee
Published: December 2020

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Method of market data extrapolation in time for mass appraisal of land under conditions of weak developed market
Authors: Bykowa E.N. , Volkova J.A. , Sulin M.A. , Morozov A.V. , Shemelina K.E.
Published: December 2020

The matter of cadastral estimation results is one of the most topical in Russia nowadays. People do not agree to fi scal burdens, scientists are not satisfi ed with mass estimation institutions in general. The main reason for such a situation is problems with source data, namely their insuffi cient quality and quantity. As for insuffi cient quality, the only way to make source data better is proper collecting and storing process, but for quantity the way is to develop new methods of mass estimation. The research is devoted to method of market data extrapolation in time for mass assessment of land development, which is effective under conditions of a weak-developed market. This analytical statistical approach is based on implementation of time factor into multiple regression equation that enables using market data extrapolated in time. The method consists of such steps as collecting price forming factors and, sales data over the period of 10 years, making thematic maps, adequacy analysis, and constructing a valuation model. The outcome of the method implementation in cadastral estimation of individual residential development land plots in Votkinsk city showed that it is 50 % more effective than the results of the current government cadastral evaluation.
The plans of the town of Tobolsk in the second half of the eighteenth century as a historical resource
Authors: Zagorodnyuk N.I. , Konovalova E.N. , Roshchevskaya L.P.
Published: December 2020

The authors attempt to identify and analyze the handwritten plans of Tobolsk created in the second half of the XVIII century. They are of both scientific and practical significance. The authors set the task to identify the city plans created during the specified period and analyze them as a historical source. These mapping materials enable identifying the changes in the architectural landscape of the city. State reforms, repeated fires, and di-lapidated buildings caused repeated rebuilding of the Siberian capital. There are changes in the creation of handwritten maps. The emotional component of cartographic materials is gradually lost, and the map as a picture is replaced by a drawing image of the space with a clearly fixed sign system. For the researcher, it is important to understand not only the graphic representation of the urban space, but also the text content, color scheme, artistic images and techniques, which makes it possible to get a better idea of the socio-cultural dominants of that time.
Competencias semióticas para la alfabetización multimodal en la asignatura de español de secundaria en Costa Rica
Authors: Flores Solano Carol
Published: December 2020

En respuesta a los objetivos de aprendizaje relacionados con textos multimodales, en el plan de estudios de español costarricense (MEP, 2017), y la escasez de propuestas didácticas a nivel nacional para su tratamiento pedagógico en secundaria (Flores, 2019), este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer una serie de competencias semióticas (Tobón, 2005) para facilitar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la multimodalidad en el aula. Estas competencias se han formulado desde el enfoque sociocognitivo (Tobón, 2005), los niveles de creación de significados en textos multimodales (Kress y Van Leeuwen, 2001; Kress, 2010) y la taxonomía de Bloom para las habilidades cognitivas (Talbert, 2019). Como resultado, se plantean como procesos complejos, para la aproximación, caracterización, análisis, explicación, evaluación y producción de textos multimodales, en interacciones y contextos socioculturales específicos. Con base en la descripción de estas competencias, el artículo sostiene la necesidad de incorporar una dimensión semiótica dentro de la competencia comunicativa en el plan de estudios de español (MEP, 2017) y brindar un apoyo teórico – metodológico al profesorado para orientar la trasposición de los objetivos del currículo nacional, relacionados con textos multimodales, al salón de clases. Para concluir, sugiere vínculos entre esta propuesta y estudios sobre la comprensión lectora de textos multimodales, a fin de actualizar los procesos didácticos y curriculares nacionales, según el desarrollo de las alfabetizaciones múltiples a nivel internacional (Anstey y Bull 2006; Cope y Kalantzis, 2009b; Blanchard y Farstrup 2011; Cooper et al., 2013; Reid and Comber 2004; Walsh 2010).
Liderando establecimientos escolares en tiempos de pandemia: algunas certezas entre las incertezas
Authors: Aravena Castillo Felipe
Published: December 2020

En medio de la incertidumbre provocada por la pandemia experimentada en el año 2020, los directores han tenido que liderar sus escuelas. Pese a ello se plantean ciertas certezas sobre el liderazgo en tiempos turbulentos. Entre ellas se cuentan; la relevancia de comprender la naturaleza cambiante del contexto, la adaptabilidad del líder; el fomento de las prácticas de liderazgo distribuido, desarrollar la flexibilidad y cuidar el bienestar socioemocional personal y de la comunidad.
AS PERGUNTAS DE SPOLIN
Authors: Pinto Davi de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

A avaliação do jogo teatral efetuada mediante perguntas objetivas – procedimento característico da proposta pedagógica de Viola Spolin – é aproximada à leitura da cena. Alguns aspectos dessa avaliação são comentados, dentre esses, o pressuposto de que o professor não detém as respostas às questões que norteiam a leitura do jogo.

Palavras-chave: Spolin; perguntas; leitura
A ÁRVORE DA VIDA
Authors: Souza Lindinalva Barboza de
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo estabelece um diálogo entre as técnicas teatrais propostas por Viola Spolin e a elaboração de uma encenação na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Os jogos teatrais vêm sendo amplamente aplicados por artistas educadores em seu trabalho de formação, difusão e fomento das artes cênicas. Este relato é a apresentação de uma experiência vivencial na aplicação da metodologia apresentada por Viola Spolin.