bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accrual of Older Patients With Breast Cancer to Alliance Systemic Therapy Trials Over Time: Protocol A151527
Authors: Freedman Rachel A. , Foster Jared C. , Seisler Drew K. , Lafky Jacqueline M. , Muss Hyman B. , Cohen Harvey J. , Mandelblatt Jeanne , Winer Eric P. , Hudis Clifford A. , Partridge Ann H. , Carey Lisa A. , Cirrincione Constance , Moreno-Aspitia Alvaro , Kimmick Gretchen , Jatoi Aminah , Hurria Arti
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Despite increasing awareness of accrual challenges, it is unknown if accrual of older patients to breast cancer treatment trials is improving.

Methods

We examined accrual of older patients to Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology systemic therapy breast cancer trials during 1985-2012 and compared disease characteristics and reasons for therapy cessation for older (age ≥ 65 years and ≥ 70 years) versus younger (age < 65 years and < 70 years) participants. To examine accrual trends, we modeled age as a function of time, using logistic regression.

Results

Overall, 17% of study participants were ≥ 65 years of age. Approximately 15%, 24%, and 24% of participants in adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and metastatic trials were age ≥ 65 years, and 7%, 15%, and 13% were age ≥ 70 years, respectively. The odds of a patient age ≥ 65 years enrolling significantly increased over time for adjuvant trials (odds ratio [OR] per year, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.05) but decreased significantly for neoadjuvant and metastatic trials (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.67 and OR, 0.98, 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.00). Similar trends were seen for those age ≥ 70 years but these were statistically significant for adjuvant and neoadjuvant trials only (OR, 1.05, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.07; and OR, 0.57, 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.62). In general, those age ≥ 65 years ( v those < 65 years) in adjuvant studies had a higher mean number of lymph nodes involved and more hormone receptor-negative tumors, although tumor sizes were similar. Early protocol treatment cessation was also more frequent in those age ≥ 65 years (50%) versus < 65 years (35.9%) across trials.

Conclusion

Older patients with breast cancer remain largely underrepresented in cooperative group therapeutic trials. We observed some improvement in accrual to adjuvant trials but worsening of accrual for neoadjuvant/metastatic trials. Novel strategies to increase accrual of older patients are critical to meaningfully change the evidence base for this growing patient population.
Adjuvant Therapy Choices in Patients With Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Correlation of Doctors' Treatment Plans and Relevant Phase III Trial Data
Authors: Green Mark R. , Andrews Michele , Leff Richard , Willey Joanne , Allegra Carmen , Denes Alex , Epstein James , Jones James , Lokey Lee
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To evaluate case-based choices selected from among preselected options for adjuvant therapy management in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

In a series of meetings in which US oncologists participated in case-based discussions, market research data were acquired using audience response keypad technology. Participant's anonymous responses to specific case-based questions were recorded electronically and tabulated.

Results

Core behaviors among the majority of physician participants are driven by emerging level 1 evidence. However, a “more aggressive than literature-supported treatment posture” is frequently selected. For the scenario involving a patient with completely resected pT1N0 disease, approximately 60% recommended observation but one third of respondents indicated they would propose three to four cycles of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-three percent would recommend adjuvant radiation following adjuvant chemotherapy for a patient with completely resected pT2N1 (stage IIB) disease. In the stage IIB setting, when cisplatin or carboplatin chemotherapy choices were specified, carboplatin-based combinations were selected by 43.6% compared with 30% for cisplatin regimens. Eight respondents (3.5%) favored observation for the stage IIB setting. This is consistent with the preponderance of level 1 evidence for adjuvant management. Carboplatin combinations are also recommended despite the availability of only abstract data and a meeting report for a single phase III trial showing a survival benefit for carboplatin based management in stage IB disease. The use of radiation as an element in adjuvant therapy in the settings assessed in this research is not supported by prospective data.

Conclusions

Treatment plans that include adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy have been widely adopted by US oncologists for a large fraction of patients with completely resected NSCLC. Recommendations for adjuvant chemotherapy for the patient described here with stage IA disease, or for adjuvant radiation alone or after adjuvant chemotherapy, for the stage IIB disease patient presented are overly aggressive, not evidence based, and carry potential harm. In settings in which level 1 evidence for a survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy does exist, some of the specific adjuvant chemotherapy regimens selected, while widely used in NSCLC patients with more advanced disease, have not yet been demonstrated to provide improved disease-free or overall survival as adjuvant treatment. Individualized adjuvant treatment recommendations not specifically grounded in level 1 evidence appear to be widely recommended by US medical oncologists for patients with completely resected NSCLC.
Cancer Cachexia: Beyond Weight Loss
Authors: Bruggeman Andrew R. , Kamal Arif H. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Ma Joseph D. , Baracos Vickie E. , Roeland Eric J.
Published: February 2017

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle loss leading to progressive functional impairment. Despite the ubiquity of cachexia in clinical practice, prevention, early identification, and intervention remain challenging. The impact of cancer cachexia on quality of life, treatment-related toxicity, physical function, and mortality are well established; however, establishing a clinically meaningful definition has proven challenging because of the focus on weight loss alone. Attempts to more comprehensively define cachexia through body composition, physical functioning, and molecular biomarkers, while promising, are yet to be routinely incorporated into clinical practice. Pharmacologic agents that have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration but that are currently used in cancer cachexia (ie, megestrol, dronabinol) may improve weight but not outcomes of interest such as muscle mass, physical activity, or mortality. Their routine use is limited by adverse effects. For the practicing oncologist, early identification and management of cachexia is critical. Oncologists must recognize cachexia beyond weight loss alone, focusing instead on body composition and physical functioning. In fact, becoming emaciated is a late sign of cachexia that characterizes its refractory stage. Given that cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome, it requires early identification and polymodal intervention, including optimal cancer therapy, symptom management, nutrition, exercise, and psychosocial support. Consequently, oncologists have a role in ensuring that these resources are available to their patients. In addition, in light of the promising investigational agents, it remains imperative to refer patients with cachexia to clinical trials so that available options can be expanded to effectively treat this pervasive problem.
Energy cost of isometric force production after active shortening in skinned muscle fibres
Authors: Joumaa V. , Fitzowich A. , Herzog W.
Published: February 2017

The steady state isometric force after active shortening of a skeletal muscle is lower than the purely isometric force at the corresponding length. This property of skeletal muscle is known as force depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the energy cost of force production at the steady state after active shortening was reduced compared to the energy cost of force production for a purely isometric contraction performed at the corresponding length (same length, same activation). Experiments were performed in skinned fibres isolated from rabbit psoas muscle. Skinned fibres were actively shortened from an average sarcomere length of 3.0 µm to an average sarcomere length of 2.4 µm. Purely isometric reference contractions were performed at an average sarcomere length of 2.4 µm. Simultaneously with the force measurements, the ATP cost was measured during the last 30 seconds of isometric contractions using an enzyme-coupled assay. Stiffness was calculated during a quick stretch-release cycle of 0.2% fibre length performed once the steady state had been reached after active shortening and during the purely isometric reference contractions. Force and stiffness following active shortening were decreased by 10.0±1.8% and 11.0±2.2%, respectively compared to the isometric reference contractions. Similarly, ATPase activity per second (not normalized to the force) showed a decrease of 15.6±3.0% in the force depressed state compared to the purely isometric reference state. However, ATPase activity per second per unit of force was similar for the isometric contractions following active shortening (28.7±2.4 mM/mN.s.mm3) and the corresponding purely isometric reference contraction (30.9±2.8 mM/mN.s.mm3). Furthermore, the reduction in absolute ATPase activity per second was significantly correlated with force depression and stiffness depression. These results are in accordance with the idea that force depression following active shortening is primarily caused by a decrease in the proportion of attached cross bridges. Furthermore, these findings, along with previously reported results showing a decrease in ATP consumption per unit of force after active muscle stretching, suggest that the mechanisms involved in the steady state force after active muscle shortening and active muscle lengthening are of distinctly different origin.
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de sífilis congênita em um município de médio porte no nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Lima Valdênia Cordeiro , Mororó Raquel Martins , Martins Maria Aparecida , Ribeiro Sâmia Maria , Linhares Maria Socorro Carneiro
Published: February 2017

Introdução: A sífilis congênita é ocasionada pela transmissão vertical da bactéria, Treponema pallidum, ou seja, da gestante para o concepto por via transplacentária. É considerada como sendo um sério problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de sífilis congênita no município de Sobral, Ceará. Metodologia: Levantamento epidemiológico, descritivo utilizando dados secundários com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados a partir das notificações do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, referentes ao período de 2008 a 2013. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas das gestantes, acompanhamento da gestação e relacionadas ao recém-nascido. Resultados: Foram diagnosticados e notificados 119 casos de sífilis congênita, sendo possível observar que a partir do ano de 2010 o número de casos aumentou substancialmente, passando de 9 casos para 45 em 2013. A incidência anual variou de 1,8 casos/1000 nascidos vivos, em 2008, a 13,8 casos/1000 nascidos vivos, em 2013. Quanto às características da assistência pré-natal, 115 gestantes realizaram pré-natal (96,6%) e 74 (62,1%) mulheres tiveram o diagnóstico da sífilis na gestação, sendo que apenas oito (6,7%) tiveram o tratamento de forma adequada. Conclusão: O perfil da sífilis congênita do município estudado aponta para uma aceleração da incidência de casos no período analisado, embora dados mais recentes de 2015 apresentem redução significativa da notificação. A ocorrência dos casos da SC está amplamente relacionada com falhas no tratamento das gestantes infectadas, carecendo de preenchimento de lacunas no pré-natal que reforçam estratégias de prevenção dos casos.
Avaliação da atividade citotóxica dos extratos etanólicos da casca e das folhas da Terminalia fagifolia Mart. sobre células normais e tumorais
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia Siqueira de Melo , Bertolin Aparecido Osdimir , Fucase Tamara Mieco , Galluzzi Fernanda Mouro , Silva Evellin Caroline , Marumo Maria Helena Bellini
Published: February 2017

Introdução: A procura por novas alternativas terapêuticas, como as que utilizam as plantas medicinais, tem despertado grande interesse da comunidade científica na busca por tratamentos mais eficientes para as doenças, incluindo o câncer. Terminalia fagifolia Mart. é uma planta medicinal encontrada no Cerrado brasileiro, usada popularmente no tratamento de aftas e tumores. Objetivos: Avaliar a atividade citotóxica dos extratos etanólicos da casca e das folhas da Terminalia fagifolia em linhagens celulares NIH 3T3 e L929 e tumorais PC3 e B16F10. Métodos: Foi realizada a metodologia de determinação da viabilidade celular em ensaio com monocamada de células utilizando o ensaio MTS. As linhagens NIH 3T3, L929, PC3 e B16F10 foram expostas por 24 horas a diferentes concentrações dos extratos etanólicos da casca e folhas da Terminalia fagifolia. Resultados: Os resultados adquiridos mostraram que os extratos apresentaram viabilidade celular, sendo considerada de moderada a alta, para as células normais NIH 3T3 e L929 e citotoxicidade severa para as células tumorais PC3 e B16F10. Dessa forma, torna-se necessária a continuidade dos estudos com essa planta, pois os extratos da casca e das folhas apresentaram atividades antitumorais muito promissoras. Conclusões: Os extratos da casca e das folhas demonstraram viabilidade celular ≥ 50% nas linhagens celulares normais NIH 3T3 e L929 e demonstraram atividade citotóxica para as linhagens tumorais PC3 e B16F10, apresentando redução da viabilidade celular em torno de 60% e 70%, respectivamente.
Levantamento, análise e seleção de indicadores ambientais e socioeconômicos como subsídio para o fortalecimento das estratégias de controle da dengue no município de Uberlândia- MG
Authors: Arantes Karen Magalhães , Pereira Boscolli Barbosa
Published: February 2017

Introdução: A dengue é um desafio para a saúde pública e seu controle é complexo, devido aos diversos fatores que são importantes determinantes na manutenção e dispersão tanto da doença quanto de seu vetor transmissor. Objetivo: Diante da situação epidemiológica da dengue, e tendo em vista que a distribuição de doenças e agravos é desigual, graças à diversidade de condições socioeconômicas, ambientais e institucionais que definem cada território, o presente estudo objetivou selecionar e analisar indicadores condicionantes da proliferação da dengue, organizando-os segundo o modelo FPEEEA OMS para o município de Uberlândia-MG. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quali-quantitativa para análise de dados secundários, disponíveis em bases de dados de domínio público virtual, relativos às condições sociais, econômicas e ambientais de Uberlândia-MG, incluindo registros de casos de dengue notificados, bem como informações referentes às ações de controle do vetor. Resultados: A partir do levantamento e da organização das informações obtidas, foi possível selecionar e propor indicadores e informações para cada eixo da matriz FPEEEA, bem como relacionar ações de atenção e vigilância para controle da dengue. Conclusão: A implementação de políticas baseadas na intersetorialidade de forma a envolver e responsabilizar os gestores e a sociedade é importante para o controle da dengue, sendo que o modelo FPEEEA/OMS mostrou ser relevante instrumeto de subsídio à elaboração e planejamento das ações de vigilância que envolve o combate à doença e ao vetor.
Popularity or Proximity: Characterizing the Nature of Social Influence in an Online Music Community
Authors: Dewan Sanjeev , Ho Yi-Jen (Ian) , Ramaprasad Jui
Published: February 2017

We study social influence in an online music community. In this community, users can listen to and “favorite” (or like) songs and follow the favoriting behavior of their social network friends—and the community as a whole. From an individual user’s perspective, two types of information on peer consumption are salient for each song: total number of favorites by the community as a whole and favoriting by their social network friends. Correspondingly, we study two types of social influence: popularity influence, driven by the total number of favorites from the community as a whole, and proximity influence, due to the favoriting behavior of immediate social network friends. Our quasi-experimental research design applies a variety of empirical methods to highly granular data from an online music community. Our analysis finds robust evidence of both popularity and proximity influence. Furthermore, popularity influence is more important for narrow-appeal music compared to broad-appeal music. Finally, the two types of influence are substitutes for one another, and proximity influence, when available, dominates the effect of popularity influence. We discuss implications for design and marketing strategies for online communities, such as the one studied in this paper.
Faster Convergence Rates of Relaxed Peaceman-Rachford and ADMM Under Regularity Assumptions
Authors: Davis Damek , Yin Wotao
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive convergence rate analysis of the Douglas-Rachford splitting (DRS), Peaceman-Rachford splitting (PRS), and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithms under various regularity assumptions including strong convexity, Lipschitz differentiability, and bounded linear regularity. The main consequence of this work is that relaxed PRS and ADMM automatically adapt to the regularity of the problem and achieve convergence rates that improve upon the (tight) worst-case rates that hold in the absence of such regularity. All of the results are obtained using simple techniques.
Technical Note—An Expectation-Maximization Method to Estimate a Rank-Based Choice Model of Demand
Authors: van Ryzin Garrett , Vulcano Gustavo
Published: February 2017

We propose an expectation-maximization (EM) method to estimate customer preferences for a category of products using only sales transaction and product availability data. The demand model combines a general, rank-based discrete choice model of preferences with a Bernoulli process of customer arrivals over time. The discrete choice model is defined by a probability mass function (pmf) on a given set of preference rankings of alternatives, including the no-purchase alternative. Each customer is represented by a preference list, and when faced with a given choice set is assumed to either purchase the available option that ranks highest in her preference list, or not purchase at all if no available product ranks higher than the no-purchase alternative.

We apply the EM method to jointly estimate the arrival rate of customers and the pmf of the rank-based choice model, and show that it leads to a remarkably simple and highly efficient estimation procedure. All limit points of the procedure are provably stationary points of the associated incomplete data log-likelihood function, and the output produced are maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs). Our numerical experiments confirm the practical potential of the proposal.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1559 .
Impact of Support from Significant Others on Adolescents' Academic Performance, Self-esteem and Interest in Academic Work
Authors: Mclnerney Dennis M. , Dowson Martin , Yeung Alexander Seeshing
Published: February 2017

High school students in the U.S. (N=1,078; 47% boys) responded to survey items on their self-esteem and interest in schoolwork, their personal expectancy of high school completion, and their perceived support from parents, teachers and peers for their expectancy. Their GPA and days absent from school were collected from school records. Personal expectancy, parent, teacher, and peer support all had significant positive impacts on students' self-esteem, interest in schoolwork, and GPA. The pattern of effects was consistent across the subsamples of Grades 5 to 6 (n=264), Grades 7 and 8 (n=226), and Grades 9 to 12 (n=319). Positive personal expectancy and teacher support also had significant negative effects on absence from school for Grades 7 and 8. Of all the significant others considered, support from teachers had the strongest impact on self-esteem, interest, and GPA in the high school subsamples. Teachers are probably the most influential agent in promoting self-esteem, interest, and academic performance in the school context.
Lyhytpäiväkäsittely kuusen paakkutaimien kasvatuksessa
Authors: Luoranen Jaana , Puttonen Pasi , Rikala Risto
Published: February 2017

Lyhytpäivä (LP)-käsittelyn soveltuvuutta kuusen (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) paakkutaimien kasvatukseen tutkittiin taimitarhalla kahden kasvukauden aikana. Tutkittavina olivat maalis-, huhti- ja kesäkuussa kylvetyt, taimitarhaan (Joroinen) nähden eteläisen (Luumäki) ja pohjoisen (Kajaani/Iisalmi) alkuperän taimierät. LP-käsittely toteutettiin peittämällä taimet mustalla kankaalla 16 tunniksi vuorokaudessa kolmen viikon ajan. Ensimmäisenä vuonna (1991) LP-käsitellyt ja vertailutaimet jaettiin kahteen ryhmään, joista toinen LP-käsiteltiin toisena vuonna (1992) uudelleen. Sekä ensimmäisen että toisen kasvukauden jälkeen istutettiin koetaimia taimitarhapellolle, jossa niiden kehitystä seurattiin keväällä 1992 ja 1993. LP-käsittely pysäytti taimien pituuskasvun sekä esti jälkikasvua ensimmäisenä ja toisena kasvukautena. LP-käsittely aikaisti myös taimien kylmänkestävyyskehitystä 2–6 viikkoa kylvö- ja käsittelyajankohdasta riippuen. Taimien latvan kuiva-ainepitoisuus osoittautui hyödylliseksi kylmänkestävyyden seurannan tunnukseksi. LP-käsittelyn kielteisenä vaikutuksena oli, että 5–10 % yksivuotiaiden kesäkuussa kylvettyjen taimien latvasilmuista ei puhjennut seuraavana keväänä vertailutaimien lähtiessä normaalisti kasvuun. LP-käsittelyn edut olivat suurimmat taimitarhaa eteläisempien alkuperien taimille.
Ensiharvennuksen ajankohdan ja voimakkuuden vaikutus istutetun rauduskoivikon kasvuun ja tuotokseen
Authors: Niemistö Pentti
Published: February 2017

Istutettujen rauduskoivikoiden ensiharvennusreaktiota tutkittiin 17 kestokokeessa, joissa jäävän puuston pohjapinta-ala oli harvennuksen jälkeen 50, 65 ja 80 prosenttia harventamattomasta kontrollista.
1970- ja 1980-luvuilla tehtyjen pellonmetsitysten onnistuminen Pohjois-Karjalassa
Authors: Hynönen Tenho , Saksa Timo
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin 1970- ja 1980-luvuilla toteutettujen pellonmetsitysten onnistumista sekä kivennäis- että turvemaapelloilla. Metsityspuulajeina olivat mänty ja kuusi turvemaapelloilla sekä em. lisäksi rauduskoivu kivennäismaapelloilla. Kaikkiaan tutkittuja taimikoita oli 108 kpl. Pelloista suurin osa oli raivattu mustikkaisista tai sitä viljavammista metsämaista.
Männikön laatujakauman kuvaaminen oksarajatiedon avulla kuvioittaisessa arvioinnissa
Authors: Rouvinen Seppo , Kangas Annika , Maltamo Matti
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin erilaisten kuvioittaisessa metsänarvioinnissa käyttökelpoisten menetelmien hyvyyttä männyn ulkoisen oksikkuuden huomioon ottamisessa. Oksikkuustunnuksista käsiteltiin rungon laatuun vaikuttavista tekijöistä alimman kuolleen oksan (kuivaoksaraja) ja elävän latvusrajan (latvusraja) korkeutta. Ko. oksarajatunnusten sekä puun rinnankorkeusläpimitan ja pituuden avulla rungot arvoapteerattiin dynaamisella optimoinnilla käyttäen laatuluokkina ulkoisesti oksatonta (I-laatu), terveoksaista (II-laatu) ja kuivaoksaista (III-laatu) laatua.
Männyn paakkutaimien juuriston rakenne eri tavoin muokatussa metsämaassa Pohjois-Suomessa
Authors: Rautiainen Esa , Kubin Eero
Published: February 2017

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin neljän eri taimilajin juuriston alkukehitystä muokkaamattomassa, äestetyssä ja auratussa maassa. Taimilajit olivat papereineen ja ilman paperia istutettu paperikennotaimi, Ecopot-taimi ja kuutiopaakkutaimi. Lisäksi tutkittiin maalajin vaikutusta juuriston kehitykseen sekä kennopaperin hajoamista.
Metsäojitusalueiden tila ja puuston kehitys yksityismailla kolmen metsälautakunnan alueella
Authors: Hökkä Hannu , Penttilä Timo , Siipola Matti
Published: February 2017

Kolmen metsälautakunnan (Keski-Suomi, Etelä-Pohjanmaa, Kainuu) alueelle vuosina 1973–1978 perustetut 254 metsikkökoealaa inventoitiin kahdesti noin 10 vuoden aikavälillä yksityismaiden metsäojitusalueiden tilan ja puuston kehityksen selvittämiseksi. Koealojen kasvupaikkatyyppijakauma, tutkimusjaksolla tapahtuneet muutokset ojituksen tilassa, samoin kuin lannoitukset ja hakkuut selvitettiin. Puuston määrää, rakennetta, puulajisuhteita ja niiden muutoksia aineistossa verrattiin aikaisempiin tutkimuksiin. Puuston keskitilavuuden todettiin lisääntyneen jakson aikana voimakkaasti. Turvekangastyyppien puuntuotoskykyä ojituksen jälkeen arvioitiin muodostamalla regressiomalleja metsikön tilavuuden ja kasvun riippuvuudelle.
Technology in Strength and Conditioning Tracking Lower-Limb Exercises With Wearable Sensors
Authors: O'Reilly Martin A. , Whelan Darragh F. , Ward Tomas E. , Delahunt Eamonn , Caulfield Brian
Published: February 2017

O'Reilly, MA, Whelan, DF, Ward, TE, Delahunt, E, and Caulfield, B. Technology in strength and conditioning tracking lower-limb exercises with wearable sensors. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1726–1736, 2017—Strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches offer expert guidance to help those they work with achieve their personal fitness goals. However, because of cost and availability issues, individuals are often left training without expert supervision. Recent developments in inertial measurement units (IMUs) and mobile computing platforms have allowed for the possibility of unobtrusive motion tracking systems and the provision of real-time individualized feedback regarding exercise performance. These systems could enable S&C coaches to remotely monitor sessions and help gym users record workouts. One component of these IMU systems is the ability to identify the exercises completed. In this study, IMUs were positioned on the lumbar spine, thighs, and shanks on 82 healthy participants. Participants completed 10 repetitions of the squat, lunge, single-leg squat, deadlift, and tuck jump with acceptable form. Descriptive features were extracted from the IMU signals for each repetition of each exercise, and these were used to train an exercise classifier. The exercises were detected with 99% accuracy when using signals from all 5 IMUs, 99% when using signals from the thigh and lumbar IMUs and 98% with just a single IMU on the shank. These results indicate that a single IMU can accurately distinguish between 5 common multijoint exercises.
A Systematic Review of the Association Between Physical Fitness and Musculoskeletal Injury Risk: Part 1—Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Authors: Lisman Peter J. , de la Motte Sarah J. , Gribbin Timothy C. , Jaffin Dianna P. , Murphy Kaitlin , Deuster Patricia A.
Published: February 2017

Lisman, PJ, de la Motte, SJ, Gribbin, TC, Jaffin, DP, Murphy, K, and Deuster, PA. A systematic review of the association between physical fitness and musculoskeletal injury risk: part 1—cardiorespiratory endurance. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1744–1757, 2017—Musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-Is) are a significant health problem for both military and athletic populations. Research indicates that MSK-I is associated with physical fitness; however, the association between specific components of physical fitness and MSK-I in military and athletic populations has not been systematically examined. Our goal was to systematically review the literature to provide a best evidence synthesis on the relationship between components of physical fitness and MSK-I risk in military and civilian athletic populations. This first of 3 manuscripts focuses on cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE). MEDLINE, EBSCO, EMBASE, and the Defense Technical Information Center were searched for original studies published from 1970 through 2015 that examined associations between physical fitness and MSK-I. Forty-nine of 4,229 citations met our inclusion criteria. Primary findings indicate that there is (a) strong evidence that poor performance on a set distance run for time is a predictor for MSK-I risk in both genders; (b) strong evidence that poor performance on timed shuttle runs is a predictor for MSK-I risk in males; (c) moderate evidence in males and limited evidence in females that poor performance on a timed step test is a predictor of MSK-I risk; and (d) limited or insufficient evidence that poor performance on the Cooper run test, maximal and submaximal aerobic graded exercise tests, and the Conconi test are predictors of MSK-I risk in males or females or both. Several measures of CRE are risk factors for training-related MSK-I in military and civilian athletic populations, indicating that CRE may be an important measure for MSK-I risk stratification.
The Seasonal Variations in Anthropometric and Performance Characteristics of Elite Intercounty Gaelic Football Players
Authors: Kelly Richard A. , Collins Kieran
Published: February 2017

Kelly, RA, and Collins, K. The seasonal variations in anthropometric and performance characteristics of elite inter county gaelic football players. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3475–3482, 2018—There is limited research assessing the anthropometric and performance variations in elite Gaelic football. The aim of this study was to assess the anthropometric and performance characteristics of an elite intercounty squad within a season. After ethical approval and informed consent, 26 participants were assessed at the start of preseason (November), after early in-season (January), and midseason (March). Measurements included stature, body mass, sum of 8 skinfold sites (ΣSkf8), estimated body fat percentage (bf%), squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprint times, upper body and lower-body strength (1 repetition maximum), and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test 2 (Yo-Yo IR2). A multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine seasonal and positional variations. Anthropometric variations were observed with an overall increase in participants' body mass and a concomitant decrease in ΣSkf8 and bf% (−21.5%, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.15; −1.43%, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.13). Performance variations showed improvements in sprint time over 5-m (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.19) and 10-m (p = 0.008, η2 = 0.11), SJ (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.1), CMJ (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.1) height and Yo-Yo IR2 (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.34) noted from preseason to midseason. Significant anthropometric variations are observed between the preseason and early in-season; meanwhile, significant performance variations are observed between the preseason and midseason. Distinct positional variations are evident for both anthropometric and performance characteristics at all time points. Applied practitioners should consider these findings when implementing a seasonal training plan.
Bodies That Matter: Black Girlhood in The Fits
Authors: White Patricia
Published: February 2017

In fall 2011, in one of the most widely publicized recent incidents of MPI (mass psychogenic illness), fifteen students—all but one of them girls—in the town of Le Roy in upstate New York started displaying tics, twitches, involuntary vocalizations, and other uncontrollable symptoms. It began, not incidentally, with the cheerleaders, but soon spread, capturing wide media attention. Erin Brockovich was called in to investigate environmental toxicity. Soon others, including adult women, were affected. Many remained symptomatic for months. The girls’ appearances on daytime talk shows and their own use of social media were thought to have spread the “mental infection” all the more effectively, and in fact, the symptoms declined when the coverage abated.

Symptoms spread by anxiety and identification can afflict any tight community under stress—whether from nerves or sociopolitical pressures or both. What does protest signify in the film's vision of an African American dance troupe afflicted by MPI in the era of #BlackLivesMatter? The irruption of uncontrollable behavior, the lack of individual responsibility, and the possibility of mass participation combine to make the fits potent signs of black bodies as, and under, threat. Director Anna Rose Holmer's debut feature, The Fits (2016), depicts black girlhood through the rhythms of cinematic form and bodies in motion, maintaining a close attention that at the same time keeps its distance, a dynamic that characterizes the film's themes, approach, and the working relationship between the young white director and the youth in the film.
Screenings
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: February 2017

The national mourning after Juan Gabriel's death has been reminiscent of the very public outpouring of emotion in the UK when Princess Diana died, also without warning. In spite of this shared collective mourning, contradictions in the figure of the icon became apparent almost immediately. While some press commentators congratulated a once-macho Mexico on its heartfelt devotion to this effeminate icon, others noted more skeptically that the same men weeping over the so-called divo de Juárez were also marching in demonstrations opposing the marriage-equality initiative proposed by President Peña Nieto. This new unanimity around the love for the instantly canonized Juan Gabriel was thus crosscut with an intermittent acknowledgment of the homosexuality of which he himself never spoke. In a famous formulation of the glass closet or open secret that was widely repeated on TV after his death, an interviewer on Univision had once asked him directly if he was gay. He had replied: “What you can see, you don't need to ask” (Lo que se ve, no se pregunta). Flagrantly visible, then, Juan Gabriel was also sternly silent, striking a knowing bargain with his socially conservative fans who would not ask if he did not tell. And he never took up a political position in favor of what Mexicans call “sexual diversity.”
The Vulnerable Spectator
Authors: Hastie Amelie
Published: February 2017

Drawing on the work of Virginia Woolf and Kristi McKim, FQ columnist Amelie Hastie explores how slow-moving films such as Kelly Reichardt's Certain Women have the possibility of affording time and, with it, restoring sensation to the audience.
Moderation vs. Conservation
Authors: Andrews Catherine
Published: February 2017

This essay discusses the institutions that constitution-writers in early Independent Mexico (1820s–1830s) established with the aim of protecting constitutional order from abuses by one or more of the powers of government. There were two guiding principles to these institutions: moderation and conservation. Moderating institutions should act as buffers between Legislative and Executive Powers to prevent either power encroaching onto the prerogatives of the other. Conservative institutions should undo unconstitutional acts and supervise constitutional order. The article shows Mexicans not only experimented with both types of institution, but also reworked them to create a new moderating instance within the Executive Power.

En este ensayo se discuten las instituciones constitucionales mexicanas establecidas en las décadas de 1820 y 1830 para impedir que los poderes de gobierno abusaran de sus facultades. Estas instituciones se construyeron a partir de dos principios: el de moderación y el de conservación. Las instituciones moderadoras debían mediar entre los poderes legislativo y ejecutivo para evitar que uno usurpara las prerrogativas del otro. Las instituciones conservadoras debían revocar los actos constitucionales y supervisar el orden constitucional. Se señala que los mexicanos experimentaron con ambos tipos de institución y, asimismo, crearon un nuevo organismo moderador dentro del poder ejecutivo.
Hit Gyülekezete
Authors: Folk Holly
Published: February 2017

In this Field Notes contribution, I report on one of the largest Pentecostal church networks in Central Europe. Led by charismatic pastor Sándor Németh, Faith Church reflects trends in the globalization of Pentecostalism and the regional experience of post-Communist countries. Faith Church (Hit Gyülekezete) embraces three distinctive theologies running through contemporary evangelicalism: the charismatic gifts associated with the Toronto Blessing; the prosperity gospel of the Word of Faith movement; and philo-Semitic Christian Zionism. The evening service I attended in Budapest was structured so as to affirm these three themes.
Survival Strategies of New Religions in a Secular Consumer Society
Authors: Ringvee Ringo
Published: February 2017

In this article, I argue that in contemporary neoliberal consumer societies, traditional religious missionizing activity is superseded by religious branding and marketing. An example of this at a national level is Estonia, a small secular society in Europe where the majority of the population defines itself as religiously unaffiliated. Over the last quarter-century, Estonia has been characterized by neoliberal reforms and governance and has seen the creation of a religious or spiritual marketplace. I examine three strategies for survival in this marketplace by using three examples: a native Neopagan association with legal status as a religious association; a Kriya Yoga community with legal entity status as a non-profit association; and a Neo-Tantric organization with legal entity status as a regular business enterprise. I show that despite the differences in their approaches, each case shows how branding and marketing are increasingly important for new religious groups seeking to establish a successful presence in contemporary neoliberal consumer society.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Epigenetic modifications and gestational diabetes: a systematic review of published literature
Authors: Moen Gunn-Helen , Sommer Christine , Prasad Rashmi B , Sletner Line , Groop Leif , Qvigstad Elisabeth , Birkeland Kåre I
Published: February 2017

Objective

To summarize the current knowledge on epigenetic alterations in mother and offspring subjected to gestational diabetes (GDM) and indicate future topics for research.

Design

Systematic review.

Methods

We performed extensive searches in PubMed, EMBASE and Google scholar, using a combination of the search terms: GDM, gestational diabetes, epigenetic(s), methylation, histone modification, histone methylation, histone acetylation, microRNA and miRNA. Studies that compared women diagnosed with GDM and healthy controls were included. Two authors independently scanned the abstracts, and all included papers were read by at least two authors. The searches were completed on October 31st, 2016.

Results

We identified 236 articles, of which 43 were considered relevant for this systematic review. Studies published showed that epigenetic alterations could be found in both mothers with GDM and their offspring. However, differences in methodology, diagnostic criteria for GDM and populations studied, together with a limited number of published studies and small sample sizes, preclude clear conclusions about the role of epigenetic modifications in transmitting risk from GDM mothers to their offspring.

Conclusion

The current research literature suggests that GDM may have impact on epigenetic modifications in the mother and offspring. However, larger studies that include multiple cohorts of GDM patients and their offspring are needed.
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: role of mitochondria and other ROS sources
Authors: Di Meo Sergio , Iossa Susanna , Venditti Paola
Published: February 2017

At present, obesity is one of the most important public health problems in the world because it causes several diseases and reduces life expectancy. Although it is well known that insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (the more frequent disease in obese people) the link between obesity and insulin resistance is yet a matter of debate. One of the most deleterious effects of obesity is the deposition of lipids in non-adipose tissues when the capacity of adipose tissue is overwhelmed. During the last decade, reduced mitochondrial function has been considered as an important contributor to ‘toxic’ lipid metabolite accumulation and consequent insulin resistance. More recent reports suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is not an early event in the development of insulin resistance, but rather a complication of the hyperlipidemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle, which might promote mitochondrial alterations, lipid accumulation and inhibition of insulin action. Here, we review the literature dealing with the mitochondria-centered mechanisms proposed to explain the onset of obesity-linked IR in skeletal muscle. We conclude that the different pathways leading to insulin resistance may act synergistically because ROS production by mitochondria and other sources can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn can further increase ROS production leading to the establishment of a harmful positive feedback loop.
A Support Program for Somali-born Parents on Children’s Behavioral Problems
Authors: Osman Fatumo , Flacking Renée , Schön Ulla-Karin , Klingberg-Allvin Marie
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of this study were to evaluate a culturally tailored parenting support program (Ladnaan) for Somali-born parents and to determine its effectiveness on children’s emotional and behavioral problems.

METHODS:

This randomized controlled trial included 120 Somali-born parents with children aged 11 to 16 years. The parents reported self-perceived stress in relation to parenting practices. The intervention consisted of culturally tailored societal information combined with the parenting program Connect. Parents received 12 weeks of intervention, 1 to 2 hours each week, in groups of 12 to 17 parents. Nine group leaders with a Somali background who received a standardized training program delivered the intervention. The primary outcome was a decrease in emotional and behavioral problems based on a Child Behavior Checklist. Parents were randomly allocated either to an intervention group or a wait-list control group. Covariance analyses were conducted according to intention-to-treat principles.

RESULTS:

The results showed significant improvement in the children in the intervention group for behavioral problems after a 2-month follow-up. The largest effect sizes according to Cohen’s d were in aggressive behavior (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 3.07), social problems (95% CI, 0.64 to 1.70), and externalizing problems (95% CI, 0.96 to 3.53).

CONCLUSIONS:

The large effect sizes in this study show that this 12-week culturally tailored parenting support program was associated with short-term improvements in children’s behavior. The study adds to the field of parenting interventions by demonstrating how to culturally tailor, engage, and retain parenting programs for immigrant parents.
El malestar en la psicopatología contemporánea
Authors: Jardim Luciane Loss
Published: February 2017

Resumen: El objetivo del artículo fue presentar una lectura, orientada por el psicoanálisis, acerca del malestar en el campo de la psicopatología contemporánea. Hace mucho tiempo que la psiquiatría mantenía el sueño de encontrar los marcadores biológicos para explicar los comportamientos humanos y sus desvíos, y ahora ganó nueva inversión a partir del nuevo plan estratégico del Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental (NIMH, su sigla en inglés), que si por un lado incentiva el progreso de la ciencia, por otro, plantea un reduccionismo organicista. Sin tomar la posición opuesta, es decir, la de un puro psicologismo de los trastornos mentales o una negación de los factores biológicos en la psicopatología, en este trabajo se plantea una discusión acerca del tema señalando una posición clínica, ética y epistemológica en el abordaje del sufrimiento psíquico. Se concluyó con una aportación del psicoanálisis para el campo de la psicopatología y la práctica en salud mental.
Multidisciplinary Management of Breast Cancer During Pregnancy
Authors: Shachar Shlomit Strulov , Gallagher Kristalyn , McGuire Kandace , Zagar Timothy M. , Faso Aimee , Muss Hyman B. , Sweeting Raeshell , Anders Carey K.
Published: February 2017

Background

Although breast cancer during pregnancy (BCDP) is rare (occurring with only 0.4% of all BC diagnoses in female patients aged 16–49 years), management decisions are challenging to both the patient and the multidisciplinary team.

Materials and Methods

Experts in breast cancer at the University of North Carolina conducted a targeted literature search regarding the multidisciplinary treatment approaches to BCDP: medical, surgical, and radiation oncology. Supportive care, including antiemetic agents, and imaging approaches were also reviewed.

Results

Review of the literature revealed key points in the management of BCDP. Surgical management is similar to that in nonpregnant patients; pregnant patients may safely undergo breast-conserving surgery. Recommendations should be tailored to the individual according to the clinical stage, tumor biology, genetic status, gestational age, and personal preferences. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy can be safely initiated only in the second and third trimesters. The rate of congenital abnormalities in children exposed to chemotherapy is similar to the national average (approximately 3%). Dosing of chemotherapy should be similar to that in the nonpregnant patient (i.e., actual body surface area). Antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapy, radiation, and endocrine treatment are contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. Care should include partnership with obstetricians. The literature regarding prognosis of BCDP is mixed.

Conclusion

To maximize benefit and minimize risk to the mother and fetus, an informed discussion with the patient and her medical team should result in an individualized treatment plan, taking into account the timing of the pregnancy and the stage and subtype of the breast cancer. Because BCDP is rare, it is essential to collect patient data in international registries.
Stage IV Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Risk Score to Predict Clinical Outcome
Authors: Panzuto Francesco , Merola Elettra , Pavel Marianne Ellen , Rinke Anja , Kump Patrizia , Partelli Stefano , Rinzivillo Maria , Rodriguez-Laval Victor , Pape Ulrich Frank , Lipp Rainer , Gress Thomas , Wiedenmann Bertram , Falconi Massimo , Delle Fave Gianfranco
Published: February 2017

Background

Several risk factors predict clinical outcome in gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs); however, the impact of their combination has not been investigated so far.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective analysis of stage IV GEP-NENs was performed. Multivariate analysis for progression of disease (PD) was performed by Cox proportional hazards method to obtain a risk score. Area under the curve obtained by receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the score performance. Progression-free survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

Two hundred eighty-three stage IV GEP-NENs were evaluated, including 93 grade 1 neuroendocrine tumors (32.9%), 153 grade 2 neuroendocrine tumors (54%), and 37 grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinomas (13.1%). Independent risk factors for PD were Ki67, proportion of metastatic liver involvement, and presence of extra-abdominal metastases. The risk score was calculated as follows: (0.025 × Ki67) + [(0 if no liver metastases or liver involvement <25%) OR (0.405 if liver involvement 25%–50%) OR (0.462 if liver involvement >50%)] + [(0 if no extra-abdominal metastases) OR (0.528 if extra-abdominal metastases present)]. The risk score accuracy to predict PD was superior compared with the G grading system (area under the curve: 0.705 and 0.622, respectively). Three subgroups of patients with low, intermediate, and high risk of PD according to risk score were identified, median progression-free survival being 26 months, 19 months, and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusion

In stage IV GEP-NENs, a risk score able to predict PD was obtained by combining Ki67, proportion of metastatic liver involvement, and presence of extra-abdominal metastases. The score may help to discriminate patients with different progression risk level to plan tailored therapeutic approaches and follow-up programs.