bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONCENTRATIONS TEST OF METHANE GAS FROM SWAMP FORAGE SILAGE WITH IN VITRO METHOD
Authors: Sandi Sofia , Gofar Nuni , Sari Meisji Liana , Yosi Fitra , Untari Budi , Kartika Erra
Published: December 2017

Aims of this study to concentration test of methane gas from swamp forage silage with in vitro methods.This study used Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and each treatment consisted of 5 replications. The treatments used are as follows: P1 (100% kumpai tembaga grass (Hymenachne acutigluma)), P2 (50% kumpai tembaga grass (Hymenachne acutigluma) + 50% kemon air (Neptunia oleracea lour)), P3 (100% kemon air ( Neptunia oleracea lour)). The parameters observed N-Ammonia, total gas production, methane gas concentrations in vitro and VFA partially. The results of variance showed that treatment significantly different (P <0.05) with methane concentration  in vitro with highest gas concentration treatment of silage made from 50%  kumpai tembaga grass (Hymenachne acutigluma) and  50% kemon air (Neptunia oleracea lour).Keywords: Concentration, Methane, Silage Forage Swamp, In Vitro.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN ATRAKTOR TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN JUVENIL LOBSTER DENGAN KORANG DI DESA SANGRAWAYAN, PALABUHANRATU (The Effect of Different Attractor Against Catch of Juvenile Lobster By Korang in Sangrawayan Village, Palabuhanratu)
Authors: Nevada Harits Adli Tegar , Martasuganda Sulaeman , Zulbainarni Nimmi , Dirwana Iwan
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
This research has been done in Palabuhanratu bay, Indonesia. Juvenile lobster (Panulirus sp.) is the main target fish in this research. This research was used Fish Aggregating Devices with two different types of attractor. This research was aimed to known differences in the effectiveness of attractor that had been calculated used on Mann-Whitney Methode. Attractor which used for comparison were seaweed and palm leaf as a test and a seaweed as a control. Korang was a tool that used to gotten a data and put a attractor. The result of comparition show that a total of catches with seaweed and palm leaf more than seaweed. From the result concluded that seaweed and palm leaf more effective than seaweed.

Key words: effectiveness of attractor, juvenile lobster, fish aggregating devices, korang

-------

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Teluk Palabuhanratu, Indonesia dengan target utama tangkapan juvenil lobster (Panulirus sp.). Penelitian ini menggunakan rumpon dengan 2 jenis atraktor yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas atraktor yang dihitung menggunakan Mann-Whitney. Atraktor yang digunakan untuk perbandingan adalah rumput laut dan daun kelapa sebagai percobaan dengan rumput laut sebagai kontrol. Korang merupakan alat yang digunakan unuk pengambilan data sekaligus tempat meletakkan atraktor. Hasil perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah hasil tangkapan pada atraktor rumput laut dan daun kelapa lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan rumput laut. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa atraktor rumput laut dan daun kelapa lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan rumput laut.

Kata kunci: efektivitas atraktor, juvenil lobster, rumpon, korang
TREND TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN NELAYAN DI WILAYAH PESISIR KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA (Trend of Welfare Fishermen at Coastal Area of Kutai Kartanegara Regency)
Authors: Juliani .
Published: December 2017

The factors affecting the welfare can be classified into economic factors, social, and psychological. One measurement welfare from an economic perspective can done with the exchange rate approach. Value. The exchange must be able to describe the fishery ability of fisheries (catching and aquaculture) to meet the needs of (goods and services) with resources derived from fisheries activities. Measurements with this concept is considered more reflect the actual conditions, because measurements by just looking at the changes income (households) without notice changes in the costs not comprehensively describe their welfare. When the concept of exchange rate fishermen (NTN) and exchange rate farmers fish (NTPi) describes the indicators for measuring the purchasing power of the need goods and services required, then when the value the higher the index of the exchange rate will be more welfare. Location of activities carried out in coastal areas Kutai Kartanegara regency covers Sub District of Muara Badak, Anggana, Sanga-Sanga, Muara Jawa, Samboja, and Marangkayu. The data obtainedin the field (primary) and secondary data is then compiled, categorized and analyzed. The focus of the study consisted of two analytical resultsare Exchange Fishermen (NTN) and Fishermen Exchange RateIndex (INTN) were divided into 3groups: Household Fishermen, fishing by fishing fleet, and fishing based on the type of fishing gear. The exchange rate fisherman (NTN) in total revenues and receipts fishery in 2012 based on their fishing geareach consisting of mini trawl of 1.13 and 1.76; trammel net of 1.16 and 1.69; guiding barrier was 1.04 and 1.94; bottom longline 1.28 and 2.07; crab traps of 1.02 and 1.97; troll line of 1.04 and 1.50; and step on the chart of 1.14 and 1.88. Exchange Rate Index fishermen (INTN) total revenues and receipts fishery in 2012 by fishing geareach consisting of mini trawl of 80.65 and 82.19; trammel net of 74.90 and 72.32; guiding barrier at 68.89 and 68.06; bottom longline at 62.78 and 62.20; crabs traps of 75.01 and 75.17; troll line for 71.64 and 69.18; and step on the chart at 69.29 and 69.76.

Key words: fishermen, trend, welfare,
Evaluation of Grain Yield of Heat Stress Resilient Maize Hybrids in Nepal
Authors: Koirala Keshab Babu , Giri Yagya Prasad , Rijal Tirtha Raj , Zaidi Pervez Haider , Sadananda Ajanahalli Ramaiaha , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2017

Midhills, foot hills and river basin areas of are generally under spring maize cultivation. These areas along with the areas from Terai and Inner Terai where spring and early summer maize are grown are the most affected from heat stress. Identification and selection of suitable varieties and traits for high temperature tolerance is vital to produce heat resilient genotypes.With a view to identify high yielding heat stress resilient maize hybrids, genotypes received from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) were evaluated in alpha lattice design with two to three replications at Rampur, Nepalgunj and Surkhet in 2013/014, 2014/015 and 2015/016. Total 57 trials consisting of 7764 maize hyrbids were evaluated under heat stress conditions. At Nepalgunj and Surkhet, trials were planted in March/April. Out of the tested genotypes, 24 hybrids were found promising based on grain yield, plant and ear height. These 24 hybrids along with four National Maize Research Program (NMRP) developed and two multi-national companies’ hybrids as checks were tested in multilocation trials at Dumarwana, Nijgadh, Nawalparasi and Rampur in 2014/015. Out of these 24 hybrids, eight were selected and tested during 2015/016 in Dumarwana, Nijgadh, Nawalparasi, Anandapur and Rampur. Based on results combined over years and locations CAH-151 (8629 kg ha-1) and CAH-153 (8955 kg ha-1) were registered for general cultivation as Rampur Hybrid-8 and Rampur Hybrid-10, respectively. Other promising hybrids were CAH-1511 (8800 kg ha-1) followed by CAH-1515 (8678 kg ha-1), RML-95/RML-96 (8486 kg ha-1), CAH-1513 (8258 kg ha-1) and RML-86/RML-96 (7544 kg ha-1), respectively. Stability analysis revealed that CAH-151, CAH-153, CAH-1515, CAH-1511 and RML-95/RML-96 are stable hybrids having good performance.
Wegener’s Granulomatosis: Extraosseous Uptake in HDP Bone Scintigraphy- A Case Report
Authors: Yasmin Farida , Rahman Md Mahbub Ur , Haque Jasmine Ara , Rahman Hosne Ara , Siddique Md Abu Bakker , Sharmin Samira
Published: December 2017

Bone scan is most frequently prescribed for evaluation of patients with known malignancy or screening of bony uptake for unexplained body ache. Extraosseous uptake in bone scan is point of interest because sometimes additional information could be found beside skeletal abnormality. Here we discuss an interesting case of extraosseous uptake.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 61-63, January 2015
Awareness and Usage of E-Learning Materials among Students of National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN)
Authors: S.E. Nwana , C. I. Egbe , S.O. Ugwuda,
Published: December 2017

The study focused on awareness and usage of e-learning materials among students in the distance educationprogramme of the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN). The study is a descriptive survey which was guidedby two research questions. The population for the study comprised of the 1, 512 year three students out of which 400were sampled and used for the study. The instrument for data collection was a 30-item self-constructed checklisttitled, “Distance Education Students’ Awareness and Usage of E-Learning Materials” (DESAUELM). It wasvalidated by experts and the reliability co-efficient stood at 0.86. The data collected were analysed using frequenciesand percentages. The findings showed that, the students are aware of majority of the e-learning materials. Also, theresult on usage indicated that the students do not use majority of the e-learning materials. There was general lowusage of the e-learning materials as revealed by the findings.
In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Zingiber officinale and Orthosiphon stamineus on Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Zainal-Abidin Zamirah , Abdul-Wahab Nor Akmal , Ghazi-Ahmad Muhamad Kamil , Mohd-Said Shahida
Published: December 2017

This study evaluates the antibacterial effects of Zingiber officinale essential oil and Orthosiphon stamineus water extract against Enterococcus faecalis. The herbs were prepared in various concentrations to determine their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and growth inhibitory effect. Anti-adhesion activities of the herbs were determined by co-incubation with E. faecalis cultures for 6 and 24 h. Biofilm disruption activities were determined by adding the studied herbs into preformed E. faecalis biofilm. The effects on the morphology of E. faecalis grown as biofilm were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MICs of ginger oil and O. stamineus extract were 0.31 and 25 mg/mL, respectively. Between the tested herbs, ginger exhibited greater inhibitory effects on the growth of E. faecalis grown in suspension mode. Both herbs generally showed anti-adhesion activities in inverse concentration-dependent manner. No significant biofilm disruption activities by both herbs were observed. SEM analyses showed E. faecalis cell surface changes in the treated biofilm. The studied herbs may have compromised the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane. These findings suggest that the studied herbs may have better antibacterial activities against E. faecalis in suspension mode compared to biofilm mode, with ginger oil showed greater antibacterial activity compared to O. stamineus extract.
Glucuronic Acid Rich Kombucha-fermented Pomegranate Juice
Authors: Yavari Nafiseh , Mazaheri-Assadi Mahnaz , Mazhari Ziauddin H. , Moghadam Mohammad B. , Larijani Kambiz
Published: December 2017

This study is the first report using tea fungus “kombucha” to ferment natural pomegranate juice to produce a fermented beverage with high content of glucuronic acid, as a human health beneficial component. We profited the acetic acid bacteria and yeasts symbiotic layer, which is well known in producing pharmaceutical beverages with considerable released organic acids such as glucuronic acid. Also, we used the natural pomegranate juice with high amount of carbohydrate and acid, as a favourable substrate for the fermentation process. The yield of glucuronic acid production was monitored by cultivating natural pomegranate juices under the 17 optimized-combinations of three distinct sucrose concentrations, fermentation temperatures, and processing time. The combinations were designated by applying the statistical response surface methodology method. The maximum amount of glucuronic acid 17.074g/l determined in the media with 8g/l supplementary sucrose after 14 days fermentation at 37°C, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Along with glucuronic acid production, effect of the three factors - sugar concentration, processing temperature and time - was also examined on changes of five physical and chemical properties of the fermented pomegranate juices, including; pH value, remained sucrose and reducing sugar content, kombucha layer biomass, and total acidity. Within 14-day fermentation process, the pH values showed decrease, the layers’ mass presented considerable increase, and the total acid content increased in the beverages. Overall, obtained data suggested that natural pomegranate juice can be a potential candidate for further development as a functional beverage to support the maximum human daily intake of glucuronic acid (45mg for a 70kg adult).
Optimization of Trip-end Networks and Ride Price for Express Coach Systems in the High-speed Rail Era
Authors: Yang Zhongzhen , Cheng Jiannan
Published: December 2017

Express coach (EC) lost a considerable share of passengers after high-speed rail (HSR) was implemented. This paper proposes a door-to-door operation mode for the EC system and builds a model to design an EC trip-end network in the origin city with the aim of maximizing the EC’s daily operating profit. A case study is undertaken, and the results show that the operating profit of the EC system first increases and then decreases with the growth of the trip-end routes. In the HSR era, door-to-door operation can effectively guarantee the market share and operating profits of the EC.
Assessment of Single European Sky Implementation in the Functional Airspace Block Central Europe
Authors: Mihetec Tomislav , Vidović Andrija , Rezo Zvonimir
Published: December 2017

Implementation of Air Traffic Management (ATM) MasterPlan-defined projects represents a prerequisite for thesuccessful implementation of the Single European Sky initiativedefined by the European Commission in 2004. Theimplementation of ATM-related projects is currently under the responsibility of the Single European Sky Research Programme Deployment Manager. While the definition of projects is being performed at the European Network level, theimplementation is performed through sub-regional grouping of Air Navigation Service Providers in a form of Functional Airspace Blocks. This paper analyses the level of implementation of ATM-related projects in the Functional Airspace Block Central Europe and their relation to other Functional Airspace Blocks defined in Europe. From this paper it is obvious that even though the planning of Single European Sky projects is based on the collaborative implementation of Functional Airspace Block level, the real implementation is fragmented and based on national levels.
Characterizing CDOM Spectral Variability Across Diverse Regions and Spectral Ranges
Authors: Grunert Brice K. , Mouw Colleen B. , Ciochetto Audrey B.
Published: December 2017

Satellite remote sensing of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) has focused on CDOM absorption (aCDOM) at a reference wavelength, as its magnitude provides insight into the underwater light field and large‐scale biogeochemical processes. CDOM spectral slope, SCDOM, has been treated as a constant or semiconstant parameter in satellite retrievals of aCDOM despite significant regional and temporal variabilities. SCDOM and other optical metrics provide insights into CDOM composition, processing, food web dynamics, and carbon cycling. To date, much of this work relies on fluorescence techniques or aCDOM in spectral ranges unavailable to current and planned satellite sensors (e.g., <300 nm). In preparation for anticipated future hyperspectral satellite missions, we take the first step here of exploring global variability in SCDOM and fit deviations in the aCDOM spectra using the recently proposed Gaussian decomposition method. From this, we investigate if global variability in retrieved SCDOM and Gaussian components is significant and regionally distinct. We iteratively decreased the spectral range considered and analyzed the number, location, and magnitude of fitted Gaussian components to understand if a reduced spectral range impacts information obtained within a common spectral window. We compared the fitted slope from the Gaussian decomposition method to absorption‐based indices that indicate CDOM composition to determine the ability of satellite‐derived slope to inform the analysis and modeling of large‐scale biogeochemical processes. Finally, we present implications of the observed variability for remote sensing of CDOM characteristics via SCDOM.
B
rucella
Authors: Scholz Holger C. , Banai Menachem , Cloeckaert Axel , Kämpfer Peter , Whatmore Adrian M.
Published: December 2017

Bru.cel'la
. L. dim. ending ‐
ella
; N.L. fem. n.
Brucella
named after Sir David Bruce, who first recognized the organism causing undulant (Malta) fever.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Brucellaceae / Brucella

Brucella
represents an expanding genus of potentially zoonotic pathogens originally associated predominantly with terrestrial livestock and companion animals but, in recent years, new species have been described particularly from the marine environment and wildlife sources. Highly genetically conserved. Most closely related to
Ochrobactrum
. Some newer species have been described as “atypical” based on phenotypes or genotypes that diverge from classically described species. Many species are facultatively intracellular pathogens of animals and/or humans with species and some biovars showing distinct host tropisms. Mostly isolated from clinical specimens or contaminated food products with many clinical strains requiring complex growth media and supplementary CO
2
for growth, especially on primary isolation. Colonies on serum‐dextrose agar or other clear media are transparent, raised, convex, with an entire edge and a smooth, shiny surface appearing in a pale honey color under transmitted light. Atypical species may present as mucoid spreading colonies. Growth of many species is improved by serum or blood. Optimal temperature for growth 37°C. Optimal pH for growth 6.6–7.4. Catalase and urease positive. Oxidase variable. Gram negative non‐motile cocci, coccobacilli or short rods. No capsule produced. Aerobic, possessing a respiratory type of metabolism and having a cytochrome‐based electron transport system with oxygen or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. Chemoorganotrophic. The genome typically comprises two circular chromosomes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 57.1–59.

Type species
:
Brucella melitensis
(Hughes 1893) Meyer and Shaw 1920, 179
AL
(
Streptococcus melitensis
Hughes 1893, 235).
Patient‐reported outcomes in cirrhosis: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Kanwal Fasiha , Asrani Sumeet K. , Ho Chanda , Ovchinsky Nadia , Poterucha John , Flores Avegail , Smith Judith E. , Ankoma‐Sey Victor , Luxon Bruce , Volk Michael L.
Published: December 2017

Patients with cirrhosis seek improvement in their symptoms, functioning, quality of life, and satisfaction with the care they receive. However, these patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are not routinely measured for clinical care, research, or quality improvement. The members of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Metrics Committee, charged with developing quality indicators for clinical practice, performed a scoping review of PROs in cirrhosis. The aim is to synthesize a comprehensive set of PROs for inclusion into a standard patient‐centered outcome set. We searched Medline, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Trial Library since inception, with final searches run between April 20 and June 1, 2017. Studies were included if they reported the construction and/or validation of a PRO instrument for patients with cirrhosis or if they assessed the clinical (case‐mix) variables determining responses to established PRO scales. Eleven studies were selected that yielded 259 items specific to patients with cirrhosis. After removing duplicates, 152 unique items were isolated. These items were consolidated into seven domains: physical symptoms, physical function, mental health, general function, cognition, social life, and satisfaction with care. The seven domains included 52 subdomains (e.g., physical domain, abdominal pain subdomain). Twelve variables were identified that independently modified established PRO scales. These included clinical factors (severity of liver disease and its complications, medication burden, and comorbidities), specific PROs (cramps, pruritis), and surrogate outcome measures (falls, hospitalization). Conclusion: This scoping review identified and categorized a large existing set of PRO concepts that matter to patients with cirrhosis; these outcomes may now be translated into usable measures both for the assessment of the quality of cirrhosis care in clinical practice and to perform research from the patient's perspective. (Hepatology 2018;67:2375‐2383).
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Implications for liver transplantation
Authors: Younossi Zobair M.
Published: December 2017

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common cause of chronic liver disease (CLD), has a global prevalence of 25%.1 Its progressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States.2 As a result, specialty societies, including the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver, have developed guidance on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD and NASH.4 Therefore, the transplant team must be well versed in the state of current knowledge about NAFLD and transplant‐specific issues for this increasingly important indication for LT. Liver Transplantation 24 166–170 2018 AASLD.
Biological subtypes and survival outcomes in breast cancer patients with brain metastases in the targeted therapy era
Authors: Bastos Dhiego Chaves de Almeida , Maldaun Marcos Vinicius Calfat , Sawaya Raymond , Suki Dima , Lang Frederick F , Brown Paul D , Rao Ganesh , Weinberg Jeffrey S , Prabhu Sujit S
Published: December 2017

Background

There is recognition that breast cancer is a collection of heterogeneous diseases divided in subtypes based on combined molecular features such as hormonal receptors (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. We aimed to study clinical differences among biological subtypes in brain metastasis from breast cancer after targeted therapy introduction.

Methods

This was a retrospective study with 406 consecutive patients with brain metastasis from breast cancer treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1998 to 2013. Overall, 315 of these patients met the study criteria and were analyzed. Subtypes were classified as HER2-/HR+ (96 patients), HER2+/HR+ (57 patients), HER2+/HR- (63 patients), and triple negative (HER2-/HR-) (99 patients). End points were time to development of brain metastasis (TDBM), brain metastasis-free survival (BMFS), and overall survival from start of treatment of brain metastasis (OSBM). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the data.

Results

TDBM was 41 months for HER2-/HR+; 58 months for HER2+/HR+; 30 months for HER2+/HR-; and 27 months for triple negative (P < .001). BMFS was 9 months for HER2-/HR+; 24 months for HER2+/HR+; 9 months for HER2+/HR-; and 7 months for triple negative (P = .06). OSBM was 20 months for HER2-/HR+; 22 months for HER2+/HR+; 24 months for HER2+/HR-; and 9 months for triple negative (P < .001). On multivariate analyses, triple negative showed lower OSBM compared with other subtypes, with a hazard ratio of 1.9 (P < .001).

Conclusion

Comparing all breast cancer subgroups we noticed that HR and HER2 are the most significant biomarkers in brain metastasis behavior. Patients who received targeted therapy had better outcomes, but not in the triple negative group. Prospective studies with different treatment modalities for each subgroup are recommended.
Supporting Faculty During Pedagogical Change Through Reflective Teaching Practice
Authors: Armstrong Deborah K. , Asselin Marilyn E.
Published: December 2017

Given the recent calls for transformation of nursing education, it is critical that faculty be reflective educators. Reflective teaching practice is a process of self-examination and self-evaluation to gain insight into teaching to improve the teaching-learning experience. Limited attention has been given to this notion in the nursing education literature. An innovative reflective teaching practice approach for nursing education is proposed, consisting of question cues, journaling, and a process of facilitated meetings. The authors describe their perceptions of using this approach with faculty during the implementation of a new pedagogy and suggest areas for further research.
Improving Student Receptivity to Abortion Care Education
Authors: Gingrich Pat Mahaffee
Published: December 2017

Letting nursing students develop resilience in the presence of moral complexity improves compassionate patient care for women contemplating abortion. Nursing education needs to include quality materials on abortion care in order to create educated providers and citizens. Some students are resistant or conflicted about this topic. A preclass optional, anonymous survey allows students the opportunity to voice concerns about this sensitive topic and guides the instructor in designing class materials. Resulting classroom dialogue is less heated and more collegial, enabling students to examine and process this complex professional practice issue and practice navigating ethical dilemmas.
Evaluating Cultural Competency Concepts Using Program Theory-Driven Evaluation Framework
Authors: Peer Nancy
Published: December 2017

Research has shown that there is no consistent method of teaching cultural competence or incorporating it into nursing curricula. Thus, nursing programs are at risk for misinterpretation or not meeting required program outcomes or accreditation standards. Although considered social research, program theory-driven evaluation has been cited as an acceptable evaluation method for nursing programs. This research looks at program inputs and program outputs to establish congruency with accreditation standards and to ensure validity and reliability of future research on cultural competency levels of nursing graduates.
Use of Multidirectional Cranial Distraction Osteogenesis for Cranial Expansion in Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Sunaga Ataru , Sugawara Yasushi , Kamochi Hideaki , Gomi Akira , Uda Hirokazu , Sarukawa Shunji , Yoshimura Kotaro
Published: December 2017

Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis often require a large amount of cranial expansion to avoid intracranial hypertension, but the surgical procedure remains controversial. A patient of severe syndromic craniosynostosis with multiple bony defects and anomalous venous drainage at the occipital region was treated by multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis (MCDO) at the age of 8 months. Distraction started 5 days after surgery and ceased on postoperative day 16. The distraction devices were removed 27 days after completing distraction. After device removal, the increase of intracranial volume was 155 ml and the cephalic index was improved from 115.5 to 100.5. The resultant cranial shape was well maintained with minimal relapse at postoperative 9 months. In cases of syndromic craniosynostosis with multiple bony defects and/or anomalous venous drainage at the occipital region, expansion of the anterior cranium by MCDO is a viable alternative to conventional methods.
A Giant Neurovascular Lower Limb Fillet Flap Can Simultaneously Cover Pelvic and Abdominal Defects
Authors: Osinga Rik , Nowakowski Andrej , Isaak Andrej , Schaefer Dirk J. , Fulco Ilario
Published: December 2017

The first description of simultaneous pelvic and abdominal soft-tissue reconstruction with a giant lower limb fillet flap after hip exarticulation and open abdomen is presented. The unfortunate circumstances of a 67-year-old female patient are described leading to soft-tissue necrosis over a periprosthetic femur fracture and open abdomen after emergency implantation of an aortic bifemoral Y-prosthesis because of thrombotic obliteration of the aortic bifurcation. After removal of the hip prosthesis, the neurovascular pedicled myocutaneous fillet flap of the entire left leg was raised and folded proximally at the level of the exarticulated joint of the hip and set into the pelvic and abdominal defect. A giant pedicled neurovascular myocutaneous fillet flap raised over the entire lower extremity is a safe, effective, durable, and sensation-preserving treatment to reconstruct combined pelvic and abdominal soft-tissue defects.
Risk Factors of Inadequate Colposcopy After Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Carcopino Xavier , Mancini Julien , Gondry Jean , Chevreau Julien , Lamblin Gery , Atallah Anthony , Lavoue Vincent , Caradec Claire , Baldauf Jean-Jacques , Bryand Angélique , Henno Sebastien , Agostini Aubert , Douvier Serge , Jarniat Adelaïde , Riethmuller Didier , Mendel Anne , Brun Jean-Luc , Rakotomahenina Hajanirina , Preaubert Lise
Published: December 2017

Objective

The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors of post–large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) inadequate colposcopy.

Materials and Methods

From December 2013 to July 2014, a total of 157 patients who had a LLETZ performed for the treatment of high-grade intraepithelial lesion with fully visible cervical squamocolumnar junction were included. All procedures were performed using semicircular loops. The use of colposcopy made during each procedure was systematically documented. Dimensions and volume of LLETZ specimens were measured at the time of procedure, before formaldehyde fixation. All participants were invited for a follow-up colposcopy 3 to 6 months after LLETZ. Primary end point was the diagnosis of post-LLETZ inadequate colposcopy, defined by a not fully visible cervical squamocolumnar junction and/or cervical stenosis.

Results

Colposcopies were performed in a mean (SD) delay of 136 (88) days and were inadequate in 22 (14%) cases. Factors found to significantly increase the probability of post-LLETZ inadequate colposcopy were a history of previous excisional cervical therapy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.29, 95% CI = 1.12–16.37, p = .033] and the thickness of the specimen (aOR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.02–9.60, p = .047). The use of colposcopy for the guidance of LLETZ was statistically associated with a decrease in the risk of post-LLETZ inadequate colposcopy (aOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.04–0.80, p = .024) as the achievement of negative endocervical margins (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08–0.86, p = .027).

Conclusions

Although the risk of post-LLETZ inadequate colposcopy is increased in patients with history of excisional therapy and with the thickness of the excised specimen, it could be reduced with the use of colposcopic guidance and the achievement of negative endocervical margins.
An accurate and rapid continuous wavelet dynamic time warping algorithm for unbalanced global mapping in nanopore sequencing
Authors: Han Renmin , Li Yu , Wang Sheng , Gao Xin
Published: December 2017

Long-reads, point-of-care, and PCR-free are the promises brought by nanopore sequencing. Among various steps in nanopore data analysis, the global mapping between the raw electrical current signal sequence and the expected signal sequence from the pore model serves as the key building block to base calling, reads mapping, variant identification, and methylation detection. However, the ultra-long reads of nanopore sequencing and an order of magnitude difference in the sampling speeds of the two sequences make the classical dynamic time warping (DTW) and its variants infeasible to solve the problem. Here, we propose a novel multi-level DTW algorithm, cwDTW, based on continuous wavelet transforms with different scales of the two signal sequences. Our algorithm starts from low-resolution wavelet transforms of the two sequences, such that the transformed sequences are short and have similar sampling rates. Then the peaks and nadirs of the transformed sequences are extracted to form feature sequences with similar lengths, which can be easily mapped by the original DTW. Our algorithm then recursively projects the warping path from a lower-resolution level to a higher-resolution one by building a context-dependent boundary and enabling a constrained search for the warping path in the latter. Comprehensive experiments on two real nanopore datasets on human and on Pandoraea pnomenusa, as well as two benchmark datasets from previous studies, demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In particular, cwDTW can almost always generate warping paths that are very close to the original DTW, which are remarkably more accurate than the state-of-the-art methods including Fast-DTW and PrunedDTW. Meanwhile, on the real nanopore datasets, cwDTW is about 440 times faster than FastDTW and 3000 times faster than the original DTW. Our program is available at https://github.com/realbigws/cwDTW.
‘I guess I do have to take back what I said before, about television’: pregnant women's understandings and use of televisual representations of childbearing
Authors: Bessett Danielle , Murawsky Stef
Published: December 2017

Research on television as a source of childbearing information is divided on its importance. Drawing from a sample of 64 pregnant women in the greater New York and Connecticut metropolitan area, we examine how women understand the influence of television on their expectations for pregnancy and birth. A sizable minority (44%) regularly watched reality television programmes on childbearing; all engaged in active viewing practices, such as recognising programme formula and evaluating plausibility of depictions. We find clear educational differences in how viewers believed television influenced their pregnancy knowledge: women with higher levels of education generally disavowed all television as an information source, but used reality programming to educate their children about pregnancy and for entertainment. Women who had lower educational attainment were more likely to include reality programmes as part of their comprehensive approach to information gathering. Only one woman asserted that fictional television was a good source of pregnancy information. Although many devalued television, women referenced television programmes and imagery as they described their expectations and concerns for pregnancy. A large proportion of respondents were unaware of the influence television exerted on them. Health scholars must better engage with the complexities of media use.
Estimating the drink driving attributable fraction of road traffic deaths in Mexico
Authors: Santoyo‐Castillo Dzoara , Pérez‐Núñez Ricardo , Borges Guilherme , Híjar Martha
Published: December 2017

Aim

To estimate the Drink Driving Attributable Fraction (DDAF) of road traffic injury mortality in car occupants in Mexico during 2010–13.

Design

A case–control study was conducted to examine the presence of alcohol in analysed body fluids of car occupants killed in fatal crashes (cases) compared with car drivers tested in alcohol‐testing checkpoints who were not involved in a fatal collision (controls). Two data sets were used for the period 2010–13: the forensic module of the Epidemiological Surveillance System on Addictions that included car occupants killed in a collision (cases) and a data set from alcohol‐testing at police checkpoints available for matching municipalities (controls).

Setting

Mexico.

Participants

The analysed study sample included 1718 car occupants killed in a traffic collision and 80 656 drivers tested at alcohol police checkpoints, all from 10 municipalities.

Measurements

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) of presence of alcohol in body fluids were obtained stratified by sex and age groups and the interaction with these two variables were assessed. The ORs were used to calculate the DDAF.

Findings

It was estimated that 19.5% of car occupants’ deaths due to road traffic injuries were attributable to alcohol consumption [95% confidence interval (CI) = 19.1–19.9]. The adjusted OR of presence of alcohol was 6.84 (95% CI = 6.06–7.71) overall. For males it was 7.21 (95% CI = 6.35–8.18) and for females it was 4.45 (95% CI = 3.01–6.60). The ORs were similar across younger age bands (10–19 years: 9.61, 95% CI = 6.72–13.73; 20–29 years: 7.70, 95% CI = 6.28–9.4; and 30–49 years: 7.21, 95% CI = 5.98–8.70); and lower but still elevated among older people (50+ years: 3.19, 95% CI = 2.19–4.65).

Conclusions

An estimated 19.5% of car occupant deaths in Mexico may have been caused by alcohol in 2010–13.
Differential serum cytokine profile in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Authors: Merayo-Chalico J , Barrera-Vargas A , Juárez-Vega G , Alcocer-Varela J , Arauz A , Gómez-Martín D
Published: December 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are susceptible to the development of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The main theory concerning the physiopathology of PRES suggests that there is brain–blood barrier damage, which is associated with endothelial dysfunction, and characterized by vasogenic oedema. However, current evidence regarding its physiopathogenic mechanisms is quite scant. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of different serum cytokines, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), in patients with PRES/systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to compare them with levels in SLE patients without PRES and in healthy controls. We performed a transversal study in a tertiary care centre in México City. We included 32 subjects (healthy controls, n = 6; remission SLE, n = 6; active SLE, n = 6 and PRES/SLE patients, n = 14). PRES was defined as reversible neurological manifestations (seizures, visual abnormalities, acute confusional state), associated with compatible changes by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serum samples were obtained during the first 36 h after the PRES episode and were analysed by cytometric bead array, Luminex multiplex assay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in PRES/SLE patients (P = 0·013 and 0·025, respectively) when compared to the other groups. Furthermore, IL-6 and IL-10 levels displayed a positive correlation (r = 0·686, P = 0·007). There were no differences among groups regarding other cytokines, sCD40L or VEGF levels. A differential serum cytokine profile was found in PRES/SLE patients, with increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Our findings, which are similar to those described in other neurological manifestations of SLE, support the fact that PRES should be considered among the SLE-associated neuropsychiatric syndromes.
The level of physical training modulates cytokine levels through P2X7 receptor in healthy subjects
Authors: Comassi Mario , Santini Eleonora , Rossi Chiara , Vitolo Edoardo , Seghieri Marta , Tocchini Leonardo , Franzoni Ferdinando , Solini Anna
Published: December 2017

Introduction

The P2X7 receptor‐NLRP3 inflammasome complex (P2X7R‐Infl) regulates inflammatory and immune responses. Physical exercise modulates heat‐shock proteins (Hsps), influencing cytokine levels and oxidative stress; Hsp72 triggers P2X7R‐Infl‐dependent responses.

Subjects and Methods

We studied the effect of a single bout of maximal exercise on lymphomonocyte expression of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase‐1, NF‐kB and Hsp72 and circulating levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18 and MCP‐1, all modulated by P2X7R‐Infl, in healthy sedentary (SED), trained (ATH), endurance (END) male individuals.

Results

Baseline P2X7R, NLRP3 and Caspase‐1 expression progressively increased from SED to ATH and END; NF‐kβ showed the same trend. Hsp72 did not differ among groups. Acute exercise strongly reduced P2X7R in all participants, irrespective of their degree of physical training. Inflammasome responses differed across groups: in SED, NLRP3 and Caspase‐1 increased; in ATH, NLRP3 reduced and caspase‐1 did not vary; in END, NLRP3 and Caspase‐1 declined. Baseline IL‐1β, higher in END, was unmodified after exercise; IL‐18 decreased; MCP‐1 doubled in SED, did not vary in ATH, declined in END. In the whole study population, significant direct relationships emerged between P2X7R expression and IL‐1β, IL‐18, MCP‐1 levels, all P < .001; also Caspase‐1 related with these markers. A multivariate analysis showed age, BMI and P2X7R as determinants of postexercise IL‐1β levels.

Conclusion

Endurance show higher P2X7R‐Infl expression and function vs SED and ATH; however, maximal exercise determines prevailing pro‐inflammatory vs anti‐inflammatory responses in untrained and trained participants, respectively, highlighting a likely cause‐effect relationship between degree of physical activity and P2X7R‐Infl‐mediated responses.
Vascular risk factors and depression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ou R. , Wei Q. , Hou Y. , Yuan X. , Song W. , Cao B. , Liu H. , Zhang L. , Chen Y. , Shang H.
Published: December 2017

Background and purpose

The aim of this study was to address the vascular depression hypothesis in Parkinson's disease (PD) from a large cohort of Chinese population.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis of 1784 Chinese patients with PD was conducted. Patients were divided into absence of depression (score ≤ 20) and presence of depression (score > 20) based on assessment of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Other clinical assessments included the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the frontal assessment battery (FAB) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

Results

Patients with depression showed a higher proportion of women, longer disease duration, higher UPDRS part III score, higher levodopa equivalent daily dose use, higher occurrences of motor fluctuation and dyskinesia, lower FAB score and lower MoCA score than those without depression (P < 0.05). The proportions of drinking and overweight/obesity in the depression group were significantly lower than those in the non‐depression group (P < 0.05). A forward binary logistic regression model indicated that depression in PD was associated with female sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.376, P = 0.025], higher UPDRS part III score (OR 1.042, P < 0.001), lower FAB score (OR 0.937, P = 0.015), anxiety (OR 18.156, P < 0.001) and overweight/obesity (OR 0.700, P = 0.019), whereas no associations were found with hypertension, diabetes, smoking, drinking, hyperlipidaemia and heart disease.

Conclusions

Our study failed to verify the vascular depression hypothesis in PD. On the contrary, it was demonstrated that overweight/obesity is negatively associated with the presence of depression in PD.
Gender, actors, and institutions at the local level: Explaining variation in policies to address violence against women and girls
Authors: Gains Francesca , Lowndes Vivien
Published: December 2017

Research on gender equality policy has generally focused on actors and institutions at the national and international levels. This article considers the role of local‐level actors and institutions in explaining different policy responses to violence against women and girls (VAWG). The literature on gender policy trajectories identifies the particular importance of executive actors in influencing “status policies” like VAWG. Quantitative data are analyzed to show how local Police and Crime Commissioners in England and Wales have responded to demands for policy action. The focus is on the interaction between the 41 elected commissioners and the new institutional arrangements for police governance introduced in 2012. The article shows that variation in policy outcomes is related (a) to the gender of executive actors and (b) to the way in which actors interpret elements of the institutional framework, regardless of their own gender.
Preanalytical issues that may cause misdiagnosis in haemophilia and von Willebrand disease
Authors: Favaloro E. J. , Lippi G.
Published: December 2017

von Willebrand disease (VWD) and haemophilia represent common inherited or acquired bleeding disorders, but many laboratories and clinicians continue to struggle with their diagnosis or exclusion. Difficulties in achieving a correct diagnosis or exclusion of VWD or haemophilia might be due to analytical issues. Sometimes assays may generate a wrong result (ie an analytical error) or may have limitations in their dynamic range of measurement and/or their level of low analytical sensitivity. Less well recognized is the influence of preanalytical issues on the diagnosis of VWD or haemophilia. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide an overview of some important preanalytical aspects that may affect the diagnosis of VWD or haemophilia, as well as a range of solutions that may help in mitigating or abrogating their influence. The review includes discussion of the more commonly noted preanalytical issues, such as haemolysis/icterus/lipaemia, and sample collection, processing and transport. However, we also extensively discuss other less well‐recognized preanalytical issues, including clinical requests, anticoagulants and anticoagulant therapy, and laboratory test choices to name a few.
Temporal Trends in Analgesic Use in Long‐Term Care Facilities: A Systematic Review of International Prescribing
Authors: La Frenais Francesca L. , Bedder Rachel , Vickerstaff Victoria , Stone Patrick , Sampson Elizabeth L.
Published: December 2017

Objectives

To explore global changes in the prescription of analgesic drugs over time in the international long‐term care (LTC) population.

Design

Systematic review.

Setting

We included original research articles in English, published and unpublished, that included number of participants, country and year(s) of data collection, and prescription of analgesics (analgesics not otherwise specified, opioids, acetaminophen; scheduled only, or scheduled plus as needed (PRN)).

Participants

LTC residents.

Measurements

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, using keywords for LTC facilities and analgesic medication; hand‐searched references of eligible papers; correspondence. Studies were quality rated using an adapted Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. Pearson correlation coefficients were generated between percentage of residents prescribed an analgesic and year of data collection. If available, we investigated changes in acetaminophen and opioid prescriptions.

Results

Forty studies met inclusion criteria. A moderate correlation (0.59) suggested that scheduled prescription rates for analgesics have increased over time. Similar findings were reflected in scheduled prescriptions for acetaminophen and opioids. No increase was seen when analyzing scheduled plus PRN analgesics. Use of opioids (scheduled plus PRN) appears to have increased over time.

Conclusion

Worldwide, use of opioids and acetaminophen has increased in LTC residents. Research is needed to explore whether this reflects appropriate pain management for LTC residents and if PRN medication is used effectively.