bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of C–N co-doped zirconia electrospun nanofibers and their humidity sensing properties
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Lv Ze , Wang Lianying , Guo Ying
Published: August 2022

C and N have been co-doped to improve the humidity sensing of zirconia, which shows fast response, short recovery and good repeatability.
Deformation twinning via the motion of adjacent dislocations in a nanostructured CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy
Authors: Zhai Jinpo , Yan Zhigang , Yu Hao
Published: August 2022

A three-layer twin with two incoherent twin boundaries was identified using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and its twinning mechanism was analyzed. Twinning is formed by dissociated dislocations meeting on the adjacent slip plane.
A theoretical study on the donor ability adjustment of tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl-triarylamine (TTM-TPA) radicals aiming to develop better organic luminescent materials
Authors: Zhou Hai-Ping , Wu Shui-Xing , Duan Ying-Chen , Gao Feng-Wei , Pan Qing-Qing , Kan Yu-He , Su Zhong-Min
Published: August 2022

Spin-unrestricted DFT and spin-unrestricted TDDFT calculations were performed to systematically investigate the correlation between the electron donating ability of donors and photophysical properties in D–A luminescent radicals.
Metal-ion-mediated synergistic coordination: construction of AIE-metallogel sensor arrays for anions and amino acids
Authors: Yao Hong , Niu Yan-Bing , Hu Yin-Ping , Sun Xiao-Wen , Zhang Qin-Peng , Zhang You-Ming , Wei Tai-Bao , Lin Qi
Published: August 2022

Metallogel-based six membered sensor arrays show applications in multi-analyte detection and fluorescence encryption.
DNA compaction and dynamic observation in a nanopore gated sub-attoliter silicon nanocavity
Authors: Zeng Shuangshuang , Chinappi Mauro , Cecconi Fabio , Odijk Theo , Zhang Zhen
Published: August 2022

We present a nanopore gated sub-attoliter silicon nanocavity device. It allows compaction of single DNA molecules under certain conditions and the dynamic fluctuations of the compacted DNA can be monitored in real time.
Identifying the effects of oxygen on the magnetism of WS2 nanosheets
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Zhang Hongjun , Zhang Kaiyu , Pan Hongzhe , Zheng Yongping , Feng Qian , Tang Nujiang
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the microstructure and magnetic properties of the exfoliated and sulfurized WS2 nanosheets were researched to identify the effects of oxygen on magnetism.
“Turn-On” monopodal and dipodal nanoprobes for serum albumins – a case of shift in selectivity towards BSA and a Z- to U-like conformational change
Authors: Dhiman Sukhvinder , Kour Rasdeep , Kumar Gulshan , Kaur Satwinderjeet , Luxami Vijay , Singh Prabhpreet , Kumar Subodh
Published: August 2022

The flexibility in dipodal DPDM results in its contrasting behavior towards serum albumins in comparison to monopodal MPMB.
Li+ transport properties of sulfolane-based gel polymer electrolyte and effective suppression of lithium polysulfide dissolution in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Miyauchi Hibiki , Inaba Kohei , Takahashi Keitaro , Arai Nana , Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Seki Shiro
Published: August 2022

New-type sulfolane gel electrolytes exhibited high battery performance owing to chemical and physical control of Li2Sn dissolution and diffusion properties.
Correction: “Heavy-atom effects” in the parent [1]benzochalcogenopheno[3,2-b][1]benzochalcogenophene system
Authors: Wang Chengyuan , Abbas Mamatimin , Wantz Guillaume , Kawabata Kohsuke , Takimiya Kazuo
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘“Heavy-atom effects” in the parent [1]benzochalcogenopheno[3,2-b][1]benzochalcogenophene system’ by Chengyuan Wang et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8, 15119–15127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC01408G.
Frequency-Following Response to Steady-State Vowel in Quiet and Background Noise Among Marching Band Participants With Normal Hearing
Authors: Suresh Chandan H. , Krishnan Ananthanarayan
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Human studies enrolling individuals at high risk for cochlear synaptopathy (CS) have reported difficulties in speech perception in adverse listening conditions. The aim of this study is to determine if these individuals show a degradation in the neural encoding of speech in quiet and in the presence of background noise as reflected in neural phase-locking to both envelope periodicity and temporal fine structure (TFS). To our knowledge, there are no published reports that have specifically examined the neural encoding of both envelope periodicity and TFS of speech stimuli (in quiet and in adverse listening conditions) among a sample with loud-sound exposure history who are at risk for CS.

Method:

Using scalp-recorded frequency-following response (FFR), the authors evaluated the neural encoding of envelope periodicity (FFR
ENV
) and TFS (FFR
TFS
) for a steady-state vowel (English back vowel /u/) in quiet and in the presence of speech-shaped noise presented at +5- and 0 dB SNR. Participants were young individuals with normal hearing who participated in the marching band for at least 5 years (high-risk group) and non–marching band group with low-noise exposure history (low-risk group).

Results:

The results showed no group differences in the neural encoding of either the FFR
ENV
or the first formant (F1) in the FFR
TFS
in quiet and in noise. Paradoxically, the high-risk group demonstrated enhanced representation of F2 harmonics across all stimulus conditions.

Conclusions:

These results appear to be in line with a music experience–dependent enhancement of F2 harmonics. However, due to sound overexposure in the high-risk group, the role of homeostatic central compensation cannot be ruled out. A larger scale data set with different noise exposure background, longitudinal measurements with an array of behavioral and electrophysiological tests is needed to disentangle the nature of the complex interaction between the effects of central compensatory gain and experience-dependent enhancement.
A Systematic Review of Ethics Knowledge in Audiology Literature: A Follow-Up Study (2011–2020)
Authors: Naudé Alida , Bornman Juan , Kanji Amisha
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

This systematic review aimed to update and explore the extant literature (2011–2020) regarding ethics knowledge in audiology and to compare the findings to an earlier study (2001–2010).

Method:

This systematic review employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Results:

MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, MasterFILE Premier, E-Journals, Africa-Wide information and Academic Search Premier electronic databases, and non–peer-reviewed papers in Seminars in Hearing yielded a total of 63 papers. Following systematic screening using inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 12 full-text papers were included in this review. Pertinent data and findings from the review were tabulated and analyzed using a qualitative, deductive approach. Results showed that the 12 papers were published in nine peer-reviewed journals with a predominantly social scientific approach. This differs from the earlier review that reported only five papers with a predominantly philosophical approach. However, both the current and earlier studies focused on the rehabilitation/management role of the audiologist. In the earlier study, the focus was on moral judgment (as one of the components of moral behavior), whereas this was the focus of only half of the papers identified in this study, with the remaining papers focusing on moral sensitivity and moral motivation.

Conclusions:

The focus of papers had evolved and continued to include more elements related to the multiple perspectives used to analyze and describe ethics research. The body of knowledge of ethics in audiology specifically expanded in the area of social scientific research, focusing on beneficence and nonmaleficence, including moral motivation and basing research on moral judgment with the emphasis on the rehabilitation/management and education/research/administration role of audiologists.
The Reliability and Validity of the Mandarin Chinese Version of the Vocal Fatigue Index: Preliminary Validation
Authors: Chan Roger W. , Lee Yung Hsi , Liao Chia-En , Jen Jung Hsuan , Wu Chia-Hsin , Lin Feng-Chuan , Wang Chi-Te
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

This study attempted to develop and to preliminarily validate the Mandarin Chinese version of the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) as a standardized self-assessment questionnaire tool for potential clinical applications.

Method:

The experimental procedure involved (a) cross-cultural adaptation of the VFI into the Mandarin Chinese version (CVFI), (b) evaluation by an expert panel, (c) back translation, (d) pilot testing, and (e) validation of the questionnaire by three participant groups: 50 with voice disorders, 50 occupational voice users (at-risk group), and 50 with normal voice (control group). Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, content validity, and convergent validity of the CVFI were examined, and discriminatory ability (diagnostic accuracy) for distinguishing between the groups was evaluated.

Results:

Results showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥ .8817 for the total CVFI scores for all groups), high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ .9072,
p
< .001 for the total CVFI scores for all groups), high content validity (total content validity index = 0.9368), and high convergent validity (Pearson
r
≥ .8155,
p
< .001 between the total CVFI scores and Factors 1 and 2 scores). Significant differences between the three groups were found in all scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between the disorders group and the normal group (area under the curve ≥ 0.927,
p
< .001 for the total CVFI scores and Factors 1 and 2 scores), with cutoff scores of ≥ 36 (total CVFI score), ≥ 23.5 (Factor 1 score), ≥ 7.5 (Factor 2 score), and ≤ 6.5 (Factor 3 score).

Conclusions:

These findings suggested that the CVFI could be a reliable and valid self-assessment tool for the clinical evaluation of vocal fatigue in Mandarin Chinese–speaking populations. A full-scale validation study of the CVFI is recommended to verify these results.
Optimal design of a short primary double‐sided linear induction motor based on derived Quasi‐3D equivalent circuit model using an improved differential evolution
Authors: Wang Hanming , Zhao Jinghong , Xue Jie , Chen Hansi , Guo Guoqiang , Xiong Yiyong , Yan Sinian
Published: August 2022

Due to its simple construction, the linear induction motor (LIM) provides a linear driving force without any intermediate motion translation system. LIMs are widely used in various industrial applications, including maglev rail transit and the national defense industry. However, LIMs are affected by the end effect and suffer from problems such as low efficiencies and low power factors. To make improvements, in this paper, an ensemble multi‐objective optimal design method for a short primary double‐sided linear induction motor (SP‐DLIM) is proposed. First, a simplified Quasi‐3D equivalent circuit model (ECM) for an SP‐DLIM applicable to the model in this paper is derived. The 3‐D transient finite element method and an experimental prototype are utilised to prove that the derived ECM is accurate enough to solve the SP‐DLIM optimisation problem. Second, an ensemble multi‐objective optimal design method of SP‐DLIM is presented, with proposed design constraints and four different optimisation problems. Then, an improved differential evolutionary (IDE) algorithm is proposed to optimise the efficiency, power factor, and tooth weight of the motor. The three‐dimensional time‐stepping finite element method is utilised to verify the validity of the optimisation method. Further, a comparison of the results suggests that the IDE yields the best performance to those of other advanced heuristic algorithms.
Performance analysis and optimization of permanent magnet flux switched linear motor for ropeless elevator
Authors: Xu Xiaozhuo , Zhang Wei , Feng Haichao , Zhao Yunji , Ai Liwang
Published: August 2022

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is one of the ideal driving sources of ropeless elevators. However, such motors, whether moving magnetic or moving coil, will produce the problem of excessive cost under long travel. The permanent magnet flux switched linear motor (PMFSLM) with permanent magnets (PMs) and copper coils on the mover side greatly reduces the cost. A U‐type PMFSLM is proposed in the paper. First, a PMFSLM is proposed and investigated, quantitatively comparing with PMLSM for the ropeless elevator system. Second, aiming at the problem of flux leakage at the top of PMFSLM, a U‐type PM (UPM) structure is presented. The electromagnetic performance of PMFSLM and UPM‐FSLM have been compared and summarised. The comparison results show that UPM‐FSLM solves the defect of top flux leakage, increases thrust by 4.34%, reduces thrust ripple by 28.10%, and has better electromagnetic performance than PMFSLM. Afterwards, the elevator passenger capacity of PMFSLM and UPM‐FSLM are simulated and calculated and the feasibility is analysed. Finally, a prototype of PMFSLM has been built and measured.
Modelling of quad‐rotor dynamics and Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop simulation
Authors: Saif Eiad , Eminoğlu İlyas
Published: August 2022

The quadcopter as one of the UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicles) is inherently unstable, and has six degrees of freedom (6 DOF), while the number of control inputs is four. The present work presents a sequential methodology to analyze and explain the control mechanism of quadcopter‐UAV in academic and research institutions. This methodology includes simulation, modelling, attitude control, Hardware in‐the Loop (HIL) testing methodology, performance evaluation, and an experimental testing platform. Coordinate systems, kinematics, and dynamics systems are derived in great detail. Then, a real‐time test platform is designed to verify system stability in a safe environment. (HIL) simulation was performed by the Pixhawk flight controller board interfaced with the Mission Planner platform. The numerical results include the control parameters of the quadcopter position (phi, theta, psi), and the translation values. The simulation results showed high and reliable performance both at the desired roll, pitch, and yaw angles as well as at the quadcopter position in the coordinate axes. Furthermore, the results of the real‐time experiments (indoor/outdoor flight tests) have successfully demonstrated good stability and high response. Based on the methodology used in this research, the cost and risk of real‐time flight experiments for UAVs have been reduced.
Vibration compensation for railway track displacement monitoring system using biomedical image processing concept
Authors: Wang Baojun , Lv Yulan , Bhola Jyoti , Mahor Vikas , Yadav Ranjeet , Kaliyaperumal Karthikeyan
Published: August 2022

Vibration compensation in track displacement monitoring is explored by using rail image feature points. The key point is to compare the image of the rail to be tested with the image of the standard rail. A downstream section of Metro Line A is selected for real time analysis of image. The sampling frequency of the detection system is 0.5m/point, and the driving speed of the detection vehicle is about 40km/h, take the distance of 100m between K23+000‐K22+900 of kilometer mark, total 200 points, and analyze the image data by grey scale conversion concept. In order to verify the accuracy of the vibration compensation data, one point is taken at an interval of 5m, and a total of 20 points are measured, and compare and analyze with dynamic real‐time detection data. After vibration compensation, the geometric parameters of the contact rail are closer to the expected value, and the maximum error can be controlled within ±3mm. Using biomedical image‐based processing concept to realize the track displacement monitoring method, which meets the requirements of non‐contact measurement, and the degree of automation is high, it can be monitored and alarmed in real time, and it has a good application prospect.
Monitoring accretion rate variability in the Orion Nebula Cluster with the Wendelstein Wide Field Imager
Authors: Flaischlen S. , Preibisch T. , Kluge M. , Manara C. F. , Ercolano B.
Published: August 2022

Context. The understanding of the accretion process has a central role in the understanding of star and planet formation.

Aims. We aim to test how accretion variability influences previous correlation analyses of the relation between X-ray activity and accretion rates, which is important for understanding the evolution of circumstellar disks and disk photoevaporation.

Methods. We monitored accreting stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster from November 24, 2014, until February 17, 2019, for 42 epochs with the Wendelstein Wide Field Imager in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey u′g′r′ filters on the 2 m Fraunhofer Telescope on Mount Wendelstein. Mass accretion rates were determined from the measured ultraviolet excess. The influence of the mass accretion rate variability on the relation between X-ray luminosities and mass accretion rates was analyzed statistically.

Results. We find a typical interquartile range of ∼0.3 dex for the mass accretion rate variability on timescales from weeks to ∼2 yr. The variability has likely no significant influence on a correlation analysis of the X-ray luminosity and the mass accretion rate observed at different times when the sample size is large enough.

Conclusions. The observed anticorrelation between the X-ray luminosity and the mass accretion rate predicted by models of photoevaporation-starved accretion is likely not due to a bias introduced by different observing times.
Mögliche Formen der Verankerung nach Extraktion eines Molaren
zum kontrollierten orthodontischen Lückenschluss
Authors: Jacobs Collin , Meyer Philipp
Published: August 2022

Der Lückenschluss bei Kindern, sowie jugendlichen und erwachsenen
Patienten beispielsweise nach Extraktion eines MIH-Molaren bedarf der
interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit im Sinne der gemeinsamen Planung und
Umsetzung. Die Diversität der folgenden Kasus bietet verschiedene
Therapiemöglichkeiten, um einen Lückenschluss mit
adäquater Verankerung durchzuführen. Dieser Artikel soll einen
kurzen Überblick über einige kieferorthopädische
Verankerungsmöglichkeiten verschaffen, die zum effektiven
Lückenschluss dienen.
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypermineralisation (MIH) erfolgreich therapieren – Herausforderungen in der Kieferorthopädie
Authors: Michael Sareh , Wolf Michael
Published: August 2022

In der zahnärztlichen und kieferorthopädischen Praxis spielt die Behandlung von MIH-betroffenen Zähnen eine immer mehr zunehmende Rolle. Rechtzeitig erkannt, können Patienten in funktioneller und ästhetischer Hinsicht zufriedenstellend behandelt werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die interdisziplinäre Indikationsstellung und Therapiemöglichkeiten der MIH Zähne.
Adrenal Gland Function and Dysfunction During
COVID-19
Authors: Kanczkowski Waldemar , Gaba Waqar Haider , Krone Nils , Varga Zsuzsanna , Beuschlein Felix , Hantel Constanze , Andoniadou Cynthia , Bornstein Stefan R.
Published: August 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently one of the major
health concerns worldwide accounting for many deaths and posing a great social
and economic burden. Early activation of adrenal hormone secretion is pivotal to
surviving systemic microbial infections. In addition, clinical studies
demonstrated that glucocorticoids might also be beneficial in reducing disease
progression and life deterioration in certain patients with COVID-19. Recent
studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 might target the adrenal glands, raising
the possibility that at least some COVID-19 complications may be associated with
adrenal dysfunction. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection might cause adrenal
dysfunction remains unknown. Histopathological examinations provided evidence
that SARS-CoV-2 infection might indeed cause certain structural damage to the
adrenal glands, especially concerning its vascular system. However, since no
widespread cellular damage to cortical cells was observed, it is less likely
that those changes could lead to an immediate adrenal crisis. This assumption is
supported by the limited number of studies reporting rather adequate cortisol
levels in patients with acute COVID-19. Those studies, however, could not
exclude a potential late-onset or milder form of adrenal insufficiency. Although
structural damage to adrenal glands is a rarely reported complication of
COVID-19, some patients might develop a critical illness-related corticosteroid
insufficiency (CIRCI), or iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency resulting from
prolonged treatment with synthetic glucocorticoids. In this mini-review article,
we aimed at describing and discussing factors involved in the adrenal gland
function and possible dysfunction during COVID-19.
The Role of Endocrine and Metabolic System in COVID-19 Disease
– The Transcampus Experience and Review of Evidence From International
Collaborating Groups
Authors: Perakakis Nikolaos , Barthel Andreas , Bornstein Stefan R.
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 Pandemic has led to a world health crisis with major socioeconomic
consequences that have deeply affected our daily lives. Until the end of May 2022,
more than 500 million people have been infected by COVID-19 and more than 6 million
have died from the disease. Unprecedented efforts in research, illustrated by the
more than 250 000 publications in PubMed, have led to the identification of
important pathophysiological mechanisms affected by SARS-CoV-2 and have resulted in
the development of effective vaccines and treatment protocols for patients with
COVID-19.
ESPRAS Survey on Continuing Education in Plastic, Reconstructive and
Aesthetic Surgery in Europe
Authors: Moellhoff Nicholas , Arnez Tine , Athanasopoulos Elias , Costa Horacio , De Santis Giorgio , De Mortillet Stephane , Demirdöver Cenk , Benedetto Giovanni di , Dzonov Boro , Elander Anna , Hansson Emma , Henley Mark , Jecan Cristian Radu , Kaartinen Ilkka , Karabeg Reuf , Kharkov Andrey , Kneafsey Brian , Gjorgova Smilja Tudzarova , Palencar Drahomir , Portincasa Aurelio , Psaras Georgios , Rakhorst Hinne , Alonso Maria Elena Ruiz , Rouif Michel , Saboye Jacques , Pompeo Fabio Santanelli di , Spendel Stephan , Stepic Nenad , Vasar Olavi , Zic Rado , Giunta Riccardo E.
Published: August 2022

Background Specialty training in plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic
surgery is a prerequisite for safe and effective provision of care. The aim of
this study was to assess and portray similarities and differences in the
continuing education and specialization in plastic surgery in Europe.

Material and Methods A detailed questionnaire was designed and distributed
utilizing an online survey administration software. Questions addressed core
items regarding continuing education and specialization in plastic surgery in
Europe. Participants were addressed directly via the European Leadership Forum
(ELF) of the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery
(ESPRAS). All participants had detailed knowledge of the organization and
management of plastic surgical training in their respective country.

Results The survey was completed by 29 participants from 23 European
countries. During specialization, plastic surgeons in Europe are trained in
advanced tissue transfer and repair and aesthetic principles in all parts of the
human body and within several subspecialties. Moreover, rotations in intensive
as well as emergency care are compulsory in most European countries. Board
certification is only provided for surgeons who have had multiple years of
training regulated by a national board, who provide evidence of individually
performed operative procedures in several anatomical regions and subspecialties,
and who pass a final oral and/or written examination.

Conclusion Board certified plastic surgeons meet the highest degree of
qualification, are trained in all parts of the body and in the management of
complications. The standard of continuing education and qualification of
European plastic surgeons is high, providing an excellent level of plastic
surgical care throughout Europe.
Single-use duodenoscopes are an efficient tool for emergency ERCP in real life
Authors: Rivallin Paul , Lorenzo Diane , Hedjoudje Abdellah , Prat Frédéric
Published: August 2022

Background Biliary tract emergencies are managed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using duodenoscopes, which are reusable devices that require high-level disinfection to minimize risk of cross-contamination. Recent reports about newly developed single-use duodenoscopes (SUDs) suggest equivalent performance with reusable duodenoscopes, but the effectiveness of SUDs in emergency ERCP has not yet been studied.

Patients and methods We conducted a prospective case series of emergency ERCP procedures using SUDs (EXALT model D-Boston Scientific, United States) in a real-life, tertiary care setting without any possibility of using a back-up reusable duodenoscope.

Results Twenty-one emergent ERCPs (acute cholangitis 48%, severe jaundice 38 %, others 14 %) were performed in 19 patients (mean age 49.5±15 years). Almost all procedures (20 of 21; 95 %) were technically and clinically successful, whereas selective cannulation failed in one case. Among the successful ERCPs, five (24 %) were achieved by a novice operator. The image was often considered skewed toward yellow tones (48 %), whereas stiffness and pushability for stent insertion were found suboptimal in 5 % of the procedures, without any impact on procedure success.

Conclusions SUDs are effective and appropriate devices for emergent situations in real life even in non-expert hands and even if a regular duodenoscope is unavailable as a backup.
Generalized quasi-Einstein metrics and applications on generalized Robertson–Walker spacetimes
Authors: Güler Sinem , De Uday Chand
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study generalized quasi-Einstein manifolds (Mn, g, V, λ) satisfying certain geometric conditions on its potential vector field V whenever it is harmonic, conformal, and parallel. First, we construct some integral formulas and obtain some triviality results. Then, we find some necessary conditions to construct a quasi-Einstein structure on (Mn, g, V, λ). Moreover, we prove that for any generalized Ricci soliton (M̄=I×fM,ḡ,ξ̄,λ), where ḡ is a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime metric and the potential field ξ̄=h∂t+ξ is conformal, (M̄,ḡ) can be considered as the model of perfect fluids in general relativity. Moreover, the fiber (M, g) also satisfies the quasi-Einstein metric condition. Therefore, the state equation of (M̄=I×fM,ḡ) is presented. We also construct some explicit examples of generalized quasi-Einstein metrics by using a four-dimensional Walker metric.
Simulation-assisted AI for the evaluation of thermal barrier coatings using pulsed infrared thermography
Authors: K P Sruthi Krishna , Puthiyaveettil Nithin , Chakravarthy V Srinivasa , Balasubramaniam Krishnan
Published: August 2022

The development of predictive models for the accurate estimation of thermo-physical properties of the Thermal Barrier Coated (TBC) aero-engine components is critical in assessing component life and maintenance. TBCs are multi-layer systems applied on metallic structures operating at higher temperatures, such as aero-engine parts and gas turbine blades. These thermally insulating materials prolong the component life by limiting the thermal exposure of structural components. In this study, simulation-assisted Artificial Intelligence (AI) is developed to predict thermal conductivity (k), heat capacity (ρCp), and thickness measurement of TBC from thermal responses of samples with varying topcoat layer thicknesses. The dataset used in the AI model is a low-fidelity thermal profile from a multi-layer heat transfer model of the TBC system for training the neural network and high-fidelity thermogram from pulsed thermography experiments that are used for validation of the trained neural network. The proposed method demonstrated potential in the prediction of thermo-physical properties for real samples with a newly coated topcoat layer of thickness measurement varying from 24 to 120 μm, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for k and ρCp predictions of 1.71% and 1.37%, respectively, and for thickness prediction, MAPE ranges from 0.81% to 6.14%. This work explores the possibilities of merging a large set of low-fidelity simulation data and a small set of high-fidelity experimental data to train the deep neural network to achieve promising results in real-world thermography experiments.
Large thermopower in novel thermoelectric Yb(Si1−xGex)2 induced by valence fluctuation
Authors: Nishide Akinori , Tanusilp Sora-at , Kowa Wataru , Yashima Mitsuharu , Nambu Akira , Hayakawa Jun , Ohishi Yuji , Muta Hiroaki , Mukuda Hidekazu , Kurosaki Ken
Published: August 2022

Ytterbium silicide-based thermoelectric materials have attracted attention because they exhibit large power factors owing to large absolute values of their Seebeck coefficient as well as high electrical conductivity. Here, we demonstrate that, in the Yb(Si1−xGex)2 system, by controlling the valence fluctuation, we combine two phenomena, namely, the Kondo effect and suppression of the spin fluctuation. This leads to a large density of states and the suppression of the spin fluctuation of the 4f electrons, thereby resulting in a high Seebeck coefficient with extremely low resistivity. Consequently, Yb(Si0.5Ge0.5)2 exhibits a high-power factor of 8.4 mW K−2 m−1, which makes energy harvesting from a cold source a practical possibility.
All-dielectric metasurface with ultrahigh color filtering and polarization-independent/dependent characteristics
Authors: Fang Rongpeng , Yu Zhenshan , Chen Kunlin , Lin Yu-Sheng
Published: August 2022

The all-dielectric metasurface-based color filter (CF) has attracted huge interest in many fields due to its excellent optical properties. We present four metasurface-based CFs with different shapes on quartz substrates to generate blue (B), green (G), and red (R) spectra with high color purity. CFs show the maximum reflection intensities of 99.6% (B), 99.7% (G), and 95.1% (R), and their spectra bandwidths are 14, 16, and 13 nm for RGB colors, respectively. These proposed metasurface-based CFs possess high color saturation and ultra-narrow bandwidths. In addition, CFs with different shapes show the tunability of color switching and polarization-dependent characteristics. These CF designs will potentially benefit reflective display technologies, and the ultrahigh color filtering characteristics of CF-1 and CF-2 are particularly useful for high-resolution color printing and micro-LED. Moreover, the polarization-dependent characteristics of CF-3 and CF-4 make it possible for them to be applied as polarization switches, tunable color switches, and so on.
Exploring the deformation behavior of nanotwinned Al–Zr alloy via in situ compression
Authors: Richter N. A. , Gong M. , Zhang Y. F. , Niu T. , Yang B. , Wang J. , Wang H. , Zhang X.
Published: August 2022

Nanotwinned metals have demonstrated the capacity for concomitant high strength and ductility. However, metals with high stacking fault energies, such as aluminum (Al), have a low propensity for twin formation. Here, we show the fabrication of supersaturated solid-solution Al–Zr alloys with a high density of growth twins. Incoherent twin boundaries (ITBs) are strong barriers to dislocation motion, while mobile partial dislocations promote plasticity. These deformable nanotwinned Al–Zr alloys reach a flow stress of ∼1 GPa, as demonstrated using in situ micropillar compression tests. Density functional theory calculations uncover the role Zr solute plays in the formation and deformation of the nanotwinned microstructure. This study features a strategy for incorporating ITBs and 9R phase into Al alloys for simultaneous benefits to strength and deformability.
Pauli spin blockade in a resonant triple quantum dot molecule
Authors: Shim Yun-Pil
Published: August 2022

A Pauli spin blockade in quantum dot systems occurs when the charge transport is allowed only for some spin states, and it has been an efficient tool in spin-based qubit devices in semiconductors. We theoretically investigate a Pauli spin blockade in a triple quantum dot molecule consisting of three identical quantum dots in a semiconductor in the presence of an external magnetic field through the molecule. When the three-electron state is on resonance with two- or four-electron states, the Aharonov–Bohm oscillation and the Zeeman splitting lead to a periodic spin blockade effect. We focus on the spin blockade at a two- and three-electron resonance and show that we can tune the magnetic field to selectively allow only either a spin-singlet or spin-triplet state to add an additional electron from tunnel-coupled leads. This spin blockade maintains the three quantum dots at the optimal sweet spot against the charge noise, demonstrating its potential as an efficient readout scheme for the qubits in quantum dot systems.
Enhancing the performances of V2O3 thin films as p-type transparent conducting oxides via compressive strain
Authors: Zhu M. , Zhang G. D. , Song D. P. , Wu J. Y. , Zhang R. R. , Hu L. , Wei R. H. , Song W. H. , Zhu X. B. , Sun Y. P.
Published: August 2022

The traditional strategy for transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) follows the path of chemical design by increasing carrier concentrations in insulators through deliberate doping to coordinate the exclusive properties of electrical conductivity with optical transparency. Despite the success of n-type TCOs, the developed p-type TCOs based on chemical design exhibit much lower performance than the n-type counterparts primarily constrained by the hole doping trouble. Recently, the correlated metal of a V2O3 thin film has been reported as high-performance p-type TCOs with high hole concentration (>1022 cm−3). In this paper, we propose an alternative approach of compressive strain in V2O3 thin films toward further increasing the carrier concentration and, consequently, enhancing the performance of p-type TCOs. The compressive strain of the V2O3 thin film is realized by the lattice mismatch between V2O3 and Al2O3. Interestingly, carrier concentrations in strained V2O3 thin films can be increased by several times exceeding 1023 cm−3, which directly correlates with the increase (decrease) in a1g (egπ) orbital occupation as verified by the Raman spectrum. Meanwhile, the screened plasma energy of a strained V2O3 thin film shifts to ∼1.6 eV, which is less than 1.75 eV to assure the opening of the transparency window in the visible region. As a result, strained V2O3 thin films exhibit enhanced performance as p-type TCOs with relatively high figure of merit. These results indicate that the structural modification can open up an effective approach for increasing the carrier concentration and enhancing the performance of p-type TCOs.
Numerical computation of the equilibrium-reduced density matrix for strongly coupled open quantum systems
Authors: Chen Tyler , Cheng Yu-Chen
Published: August 2022

We describe a numerical algorithm for approximating the equilibrium-reduced density matrix and the effective (mean force) Hamiltonian for a set of system spins coupled strongly to a set of bath spins when the total system (system + bath) is held in canonical thermal equilibrium by weak coupling with a “super-bath”. Our approach is a generalization of now standard typicality algorithms for computing the quantum expectation value of observables of bare quantum systems via trace estimators and Krylov subspace methods. In particular, our algorithm makes use of the fact that the reduced system density, when the bath is measured in a given random state, tends to concentrate about the corresponding thermodynamic averaged reduced system density. Theoretical error analysis and numerical experiments are given to validate the accuracy of our algorithm. Further numerical experiments demonstrate the potential of our approach for applications including the study of quantum phase transitions and entanglement entropy for long range interaction systems.
Near-field flow dynamics of grate inlets during urban floods
Authors: Li Qijie , Xia Junqiang , Dong Boliang , Zhou Meirong
Published: August 2022

The accurate characterization of near-field flow dynamics from urban surface to sewer system is essential for the design of urban drainage systems and the risk identification of urban floods. Motivated by the observation that the vortex flow structure was evident around the grate inlet during urban flood events, a physical model was used to measure flow features and investigate the drainage capacity of grate inlets. Detailed flow velocity fields and flow motions in the vicinity of the grate inlet are presented in both horizontal and vertical directions. It is found that there exists a critical threshold of water depth at 0.05 m, where the flow regime transforms from weir flow to orifice flow for the tested grate inlet. In addition, flow accelerates significantly near the grate inlet and the vortex flow feature is obviously enhanced from the surface layer to the bottom layer in the region of the grate inlet. With the decrease in discharge capacity, vortex flow structure and turbulence kinetic energy were intensified significantly. Overall, this work demonstrates the near-field flow dynamics of grate inlets and the experimental datasets could also be helpful for the design of drainage systems and the validation of numerical modeling in various urban flood events.
Accuracy of approximate methods for the calculation of absorption-type linear spectra with a complex system–bath coupling
Authors: Nöthling J. A. , Mančal Tomáš , Krüger T. P. J.
Published: August 2022

The accuracy of approximate methods for calculating linear optical spectra depends on many variables. In this study, we fix most of these parameters to typical values found in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes of plants and determine the accuracy of approximate spectra with respect to exact calculation as a function of the energy gap and interpigment coupling in a pigment dimer. We use a spectral density with the first eight intramolecular modes of chlorophyll a and include inhomogeneous disorder for the calculation of spectra. We compare the accuracy of absorption, linear dichroism, and circular dichroism spectra calculated using the Full Cumulant Expansion (FCE), coherent time-dependent Redfield (ctR), and time-independent Redfield and modified Redfield methods. As a reference, we use spectra calculated with the exact stochastic path integral evaluation method. We find the FCE method to be the most accurate for the calculation of all spectra. The ctR method performs well for the qualitative calculation of absorption and linear dichroism spectra when the pigments are moderately coupled (∼15cm−1), but ctR spectra may differ significantly from exact spectra when strong interpigment coupling (>100cm−1) is present. The dependence of the quality of Redfield and modified Redfield spectra on molecular parameters is similar, and these methods almost always perform worse than ctR, especially when the interpigment coupling is strong or the excitonic energy gap is small (for a given coupling). The accuracy of approximate spectra is not affected by resonance with intramolecular modes for typical system–bath coupling and disorder values found in plant light-harvesting complexes.
Enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerators output performance by background paper-based hierarchical micro-structures for energy harvesting
Authors: Zhang Honghao , Zhang Ping , Deng Lu , Fan Xinyue
Published: August 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) capable of efficiently harvesting various mechanical energies from the environment are an effective way to solve the energy supply problem of wearable electronic devices. A series of flexible and lightweight TENGs with different surface morphologies of “dots”–“lines”–“honeycombs” hierarchical micro-structures are developed using low-cost and easily accessible background paper as a substrate. Polydimethylsiloxane films with dots–lines–honeycombs hierarchical micro-structures are prepared by the spin coating to obtain larger contact areas and, thus, enhance the triboelectric effect. Under the same test conditions, the honeycombs TENG (H-TENG) with complex surface morphology has the largest output performance with an open-circuit voltage of 55 V and a short-circuit current of 2.7 μA, which is 2.1 and 2.5 times that of the flat TENG, respectively. By combining with nylon gloves, the H-TENG can harvest the mechanical energy during hand movement and realize sensing of hand movement patterns through the difference of electrical signals. In addition, this device can power the liquid crystal display screen through a rectifier circuit and capacitor. This simple and efficient TENG device shows great potential in the wearable field.
Shock ignition and deflagration growth in plastic-bonded TATB (1, 3, 5-trinitro-2, 4, 6-triaminobenzene) microstructures
Authors: Akhtar Meysam , Salvati Lawrence , Valluri Siva Kumar , Dlott Dana D.
Published: August 2022

TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) were shocked with laser-launched flyer plates. The spectral radiance of the emitted light from a small portion of the microstructure (a “microenvironment”) containing a small number of TATB particles with an estimated mass of 150 ng was measured every 0.8 ns from 1 ns to 200 μs and was analyzed to give radiance and time-dependent graybody temperatures. By fabricating an array with 186 PBX charges, we could obtain ≥15 shots at each of 12 velocities between 1.8 and 4.7 km/s. We found that every microenvironment generated a unique radiance fingerprint. Some of these microenvironments were much more reactive than average. The radiance has two peaks around 20 ns and 5 μs, associated with shock ignition and deflagration growth. In our interpretation, the shock creates an ensemble of hot spots of various sizes and temperatures. Of those hot spots that ignite, only a small portion, at about 2200 K, was large enough and hot enough to survive long enough (>100 ns) to ignite individual TATB particles, leading to deflagration. Integrating various time intervals of the radiance can quantify the strength of the shock–PBX interaction, and the decay and growth of the hot spot ensemble and the deflagration.
Decoupling bi-directional fluid–structure interactions by the Koopman theory: Actualizing one-way subcases and the role of crosswind structure motion
Authors: Chen Zengshun , Wang Yatai , Wang Siyu , Huang Hailin , Tse K. T. , Li Cruz Y. , Lin Chongjia
Published: August 2022

We propose a novel thinking of decoupling bi-directional fluid–structure interactions (bi-FSI) into simpler mono-directional components for analytical insights. The decoupling aims to overcome nonlinearity by the Koopman theory and transform bi-FSI into a linear superposition of the fluid-to-structure, structure-to-fluid, and interactive subcases. This first of a serial effort presents the wind tunnel experimental and computational fluid dynamics numerical actualizations of the fluid-to-structure and structure-to-fluid subcases via rigid and forced vibration models, which are indispensable requisites to the forthcoming Koopman analysis. The results have been analyzed with respect to flow field phenomenology, and the role of forced vibration, hence cross-structure motion alone, has been isolated and elucidated. Compared with the rigid case, crosswind motion weakens leading-edge separation, promotes shear layer curvature and the impingement of the asymmetric wall jets, and hastens reattachment. Consequently, it causes premature shedding of the roll substructure and delays the formation of the rib substructure, effectively altering the Kármán shedding frequency. It also reduces three-dimensional suppression of the Kármán shedding near the fix- and free-end boundary conditions, overarchingly devolumizing wake coherent structures and weakening the Kármán street's intensity. Results also suggest that increasing the wind speed from the characteristic speed of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) to that of galloping intensifies vortical activities but causes no fundamental change in flow field phenomenology. Therefore, the underlying causes of VIV and galloping are not attributed to the flow field nor structure motion alone but to the interactive mechanisms unique to bi-FSI.
Synthetic growth by self-lubricated photopolymerization and extrusion inspired by plants and fungi
Authors: Hausladen Matthew M. , Zhao Boran , Kubala Matthew S. , Francis Lorraine F. , Kowalewski Timothy M. , Ellison Christopher J.
Published: August 2022

Many natural organisms, such as fungal hyphae and plant roots, grow at their tips, enabling the generation of complex bodies composed of natural materials as well as dexterous movement and exploration. Tip growth presents an exemplary process by which materials synthesis and actuation are coupled, providing a blueprint for how growth could be realized in a synthetic system. Herein, we identify three underlying principles essential to tip-based growth of biological organisms: a fluid pressure driving force, localized polymerization for generating structure, and fluid-mediated transport of constituent materials. In this work, these evolved features inspire a synthetic materials growth process called extrusion by self-lubricated interface photopolymerization (E-SLIP), which can continuously fabricate solid profiled polymer parts with tunable mechanical properties from liquid precursors. To demonstrate the utility of E-SLIP, we create a tip-growing soft robot, outline its fundamental governing principles, and highlight its capabilities for growth at speeds up to 12 cm/min and lengths up to 1.5 m. This growing soft robot is capable of executing a range of tasks, including exploration, burrowing, and traversing tortuous paths, which highlight the potential for synthetic growth as a platform for on-demand manufacturing of infrastructure, exploration, and sensing in a variety of environments.
A multidomain connector links the outer membrane and cell wall in phylogenetically deep-branching bacteria
Authors: von Kügelgen Andriko , van Dorst Sofie , Alva Vikram , Bharat Tanmay A. M.
Published: August 2022

Deinococcus radiodurans
is a phylogenetically deep-branching extremophilic bacterium that is remarkably tolerant to numerous environmental stresses, including large doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and extreme temperatures. It can even survive in outer space for several years. This endurance of
D. radiodurans
has been partly ascribed to its atypical cell envelope comprising an inner membrane, a large periplasmic space with a thick peptidoglycan (PG) layer, and an outer membrane (OM) covered by a surface layer (S-layer). Despite intense research, molecular principles governing envelope organization and OM stabilization are unclear in
D. radiodurans
and related bacteria. Here, we report a electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the abundant
D. radiodurans
OM protein SlpA, showing how its C-terminal segment forms homotrimers of 30-stranded β-barrels in the OM, whereas its N-terminal segment forms long, homotrimeric coiled coils linking the OM to the PG layer via S-layer homology (SLH) domains. Furthermore, using protein structure prediction and sequence-based bioinformatic analysis, we show that SlpA-like putative OM–PG connector proteins are widespread in phylogenetically deep-branching Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, combining our atomic structures with fluorescence and electron microscopy of cell envelopes of wild-type and mutant bacterial strains, we report a model for the cell surface of
D. radiodurans
. Our results will have important implications for understanding the cell surface organization and hyperstability of
D. radiodurans
and related bacteria and the evolutionary transition between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.