bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tibiofemoral Cartilage Contact Differences Between Level Walking and Downhill Running
Authors: Akpinar Berkcan , Thorhauer Eric , Tashman Scott , Irrgang James J. , Fu Freddie H. , Anderst William J.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Some studies have suggested that altered tibiofemoral cartilage contact behavior (arthrokinematics) may contribute to long-term cartilage degeneration, potentially leading to tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. However, few studies have assessed normal tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during dynamic activities.

Purpose:

To characterize tibiofemoral arthrokinematics during the impact phase of level walking and downhill running.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Arthrokinematic data were collected on uninjured knees of 44 participants (mean age, 20.7 ± 6.6 years). Using a dynamic stereoradiographic imaging system with superimposed 3-dimensional bone models from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of participant-specific tibiofemoral joints, arthrokinematics were assessed during the first 15% of the gait cycle during level walking and the first 10% of the gait cycle during downhill running.

Results:

During level walking and downhill running, the medial compartment had a greater cartilage contact area versus the lateral compartment. Both compartments had a significantly less cartilage contact area during running versus walking (medial compartment gait cycle affected: 8%-10%; lateral compartment gait cycle affected: 5%-10%). Further, medial and lateral compartment tibiofemoral contact paths were significantly more posterior and longer during downhill running.

Conclusion:

There was a decreased tibiofemoral cartilage contact area during downhill running compared with level walking, suggesting that underlying bone morphology may play a key role in determining the size of cartilage contact regions.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides the first data characterizing tibiofemoral cartilage contact patterns during level walking and downhill running. These results provide evidence in support of performing biomechanical assessments during both level walking and downhill running to obtain a comprehensive picture of tibiofemoral cartilage behavior after clinical interventions.
Short-term versus long-term mentalization-based therapy for outpatients with subthreshold or diagnosed borderline personality disorder: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Juul Sophie , Lunn Susanne , Poulsen Stig , Sørensen Per , Salimi Mehrak , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Bateman Anthony , Simonsen Sebastian
Published: April 2019

Background

Psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder is often lengthy and resource-intensive. However, the current length of outpatient treatments is arbitrary and based on trials that never tested if the treatment intensity could be reduced. As a result, there is insufficient evidence to inform the decision between short-term and long-term psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Mentalization-based therapy is one treatment option for borderline personality disorder and consists traditionally of an 18-month treatment program.

Methods/design

This trial is an investigator-initiated single-center randomized clinical superiority trial of short-term (20 weeks) compared to long-term (14 months) mentalization-based therapy for outpatients with subthreshold or diagnosed borderline personality disorder. Participants will be recruited from the Outpatient Clinic for Personality Disorders at Stolpegaard Psychotherapy Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark. Participants will be included if they meet a minimum of four DSM-V criteria for borderline personality disorder. Participants will be assessed before randomization, and at 8, 16, and 24 months after randomization. The primary outcome is severity of borderline symptomatology assessed with the Zanarini Rating Scale for borderline personality disorder. Secondary outcomes include self-harm incidents, functional impairment (Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning) and quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey 36). Severity of psychiatric symptoms (Symptom Checklist 90-R) will be included as an exploratory outcome. Measures of personality functioning, attachment, borderline symptoms, group alliance, and mentalization skills will be included to explore potential predictors and mechanisms of change.

Discussion

This trial will provide evidence of the beneficial and harmful effects of short-term compared to long-term mentalization-based therapy for outpatients with subthreshold or diagnosed borderline personality disorder.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03677037. Registered on September 19, 2018.
The ciliary GTPase Arl3 maintains tissue architecture by directing planar spindle orientation during epidermal morphogenesis
Authors: Bhattarai Samip R. , Begum Salma , Popow Rachel , Ezratty Ellen J.
Published: April 2019

Arl/ARF GTPases regulate ciliary trafficking, but their tissue-specific functions are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ciliary GTPase Arl3 is required for mitotic spindle orientation of mouse basal stem cells during skin development. Arl3 loss diminished cell divisions within the plane of the epithelium, leading to increased perpendicular divisions, expansion of progenitor cells and loss of epithelial integrity. These observations suggest that an Arl3-dependent mechanism maintains cell division polarity along the tissue axis, and disruption of planar spindle orientation has detrimental consequences for epidermal architecture. Defects in planar cell polarity (PCP) can disrupt spindle positioning during tissue morphogenesis. Upon Arl3 loss, the PCP signaling molecules Celsr1 and Vangl2 failed to maintain planar polarized distributions, resulting in defective hair follicle angling, a hallmark of disrupted PCP. In the absence of Celsr1 polarity, frizzled 6 lost its asymmetrical distribution and abnormally segregated to the apical cortex of basal cells. We propose that Arl3 regulates polarized endosomal trafficking of PCP components to compartmentalized membrane domains. Cell-cell communication via ciliary GTPase signaling directs mitotic spindle orientation and PCP signaling, processes that are crucial for the maintenance of epithelial architecture.
An interview with Judith Kimble
Authors: Maartens Aidan
Published: April 2019

Judith Kimble is Vilas Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator (since 1994). Her lab is interested broadly in the molecular regulation of animal development, with a focus on stem cell self-renewal, fate specification and reprogramming in Caenorhabditis elegans. We caught up with Judith after she delivered her Keynote Lecture at the 2019 Santa Cruz Developmental Biology Meeting, and heard about her circuitous route to basic research, her passion for black boxes in science and why London is her cabin the woods.
High Frequency Jet Ventilation during stereotactic ablation of liver tumours: an observational study on blood gas analysis as a measure of lung function during general anaesthesia
Authors: Galmén Karolina , Jakobsson Jan G , Freedman Jacob , Harbut Piotr
Published: April 2019

Background: Stereotactic ablation of tumours in solid organs is a promising curative procedure in clinical oncology. The technique demands minimal target organ movements to optimise tumour destruction and prevent injury to surrounding tissues. High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is a novel option during these procedures, reducing the respiratory-associated movements of the liver. The effects of HFJV via endotracheal catheter on gas exchange during liver tumour ablation is not well studied.

Methods: The aim of this explorative study was to assess lung function and the effects on blood gas and lactate during HFJV in patients undergoing stereotactic liver ablation. Blood gases were analysed in 25 patients scheduled for stereotactic liver ablation under general anaesthesia pre-induction, every 15 minutes during HFJV and following extubation in the recovery room. The HFJV was set at fixed settings.

Results: None of the patients developed hypoxia or signs of increased lactate production but a great variation in PaO2/FiO2 ratio was found; from 13.1 to 71.3. An increase in mean PaCO2 was observed, from a baseline of 5.0 to a peak of 7.1 at 30 minutes (p <0.001) and a decrease was found in median pH, from a baseline of 7.44 to 7.31 at 15 minutes (p=0.03). We could not see any clear association between a decrease in PaO2/FiO2 ratio and PaCO2 elevation.

Conclusions: HFJV during general anaesthesia in patients undergoing stereotactic liver ablation is feasible and it did not cause hypoxemia or signs of increased lactate production. A reversible mild to moderate impairment of gas exchange was found during HFJV.
Case Report: Gastric Mucormycosis- a rare but important differential diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in an area of Helicobacter pylori endemicity
Authors: Adhikari Sudeep , Gautam Ajaya Raj , Paudyal Buddhi , Sigdel Keshav Raj , Basnyat Buddha
Published: April 2019

A 57 years female from the hills of Nepal presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding with gastric ulcer evident on endoscopy. Though initially treated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy alone, biopsy later on revealed both mucormycosis and H. pylori infection. She was then treated with antifungals liposomal amphotericin B followed by posaconazole which led to complete recovery. Mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening fungal disease of immunocompromised host though our patient was immunocompetent. If recognized and treated at early stage, as in our patient, prognosis is good. A high index of suspicion is required for considering this disease in H. pylori endemic regions such as Nepal, and is crucial for early recognition and treatment.
Gametocyte carriage in an era of changing malaria epidemiology: A 19-year analysis of a malaria longitudinal cohort
Authors: Muthui Michelle K. , Mogeni Polycarp , Mwai Kennedy , Nyundo Christopher , Macharia Alex , Williams Thomas N. , Nyangweso George , Wambua Juliana , Mwanga Daniel , Marsh Kevin , Bejon Philip , Kapulu Melissa C.
Published: April 2019

Background: Interventions to block malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes are currently in development. To be successfully implemented, key populations need to be identified where the use of these transmission-blocking and/or reducing strategies will have greatest impact.

Methods: We used data from a longitudinally monitored cohort of children from Kilifi county located along the Kenyan coast collected between 1998-2016 to describe the distribution and prevalence of gametocytaemia in relation to transmission intensity, time and age. Data from 2,223 children accounting for 9,134 person-years of follow-up assessed during cross-sectional surveys for asexual parasites and gametocytes were used in logistic regression models to identify factors predictive of gametocyte carriage in this cohort.

Results: Our analysis showed that children 1-5 years of age were more likely to carry microscopically detectable gametocytes than their older counterparts. Carrying asexual parasites and recent episodes of clinical malaria were also strong predictors of gametocyte carriage. The prevalence of asexual parasites and of gametocyte carriage declined over time, and after 2006, when artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) was introduced, recent episodes of clinical malaria ceased to be a predictor of gametocyte carriage. 

Conclusions: Gametocyte carriage in children in Kilifi has fallen over time.  Previous episodes of clinical malaria may contribute to the development of carriage, but this appears to be mitigated by the use of ACTs highlighting the impact that gametocidal antimalarials can have in reducing the overall prevalence of gametocytaemia when targeted on acute febrile illness.
Organizational and Perceived Learning in the Workplace: A Multilevel Perspective on Employees’ Problem Solving
Authors: Furlan Andrea , Galeazzo Ambra , Paggiaro Adriano
Published: April 2019

Using a multilevel theoretical framework, we investigate the effects of organizational and perceived learning on employees’ systematic problem solving (SPS) that aims to prevent the recurrence of a problem. At the organizational level, we focus on the deliberate learning mechanisms of knowledge articulation (OKA) and knowledge codification (OKC). At the individual level, we focus on the relative perception of the mechanisms of knowledge articulation (PKA) and knowledge codification (PKC). Drawing on both knowledge management and sensemaking literature, we move from learning only captured through organizational mechanisms, which suppose individuals are passively embedded in the organizational context, to learning captured through perceived mechanisms, which suppose individuals take an active part in the learning processes and interpret them differently. We employ multilevel structural equation modeling to test our theoretical framework using survey data from a sample of 383 shop floor employees in 52 plants. To enhance our results, we perform a set of robustness checks that control different specifications of our model and potential endogeneity issues. Our study indicates that OKC affects SPS, while OKA affects OKC. Moreover, results show that both PKA and PKC have strong positive effects on SPS. Our study draws attention to the multilevel role of organizational learning and expands the understanding of the role of problem solving in routine evolution.

The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1274 .
Putting service back into health care through servant leadership
Authors: Cottey Laura , McKimm Judy
Published: April 2019

Servant leadership theory is little reported on in NHS leadership development strategies despite clear alignment with the core values underpinning health care for all. This article reviews the key concepts of servant leadership and suggests that it should be viewed as a core leadership style for those working in health-care organizations.
Revision techniques: Interleaving and spacinga
Authors: Webb Helen
Published: April 2019

‘Spacing’ refers to revision throughout the course of study, while ‘interleaving’ means switching between ideas while you learn. Both techniques can help boost students' long-term memories and retrieval of key information. Helen Webb explains
Haurdunaldian amak izandako bizi-ohiturak, ingurumen-esposizioak, osasun-sistemaren ekimenak eta haurraren garapen neuropsikologikoa. INMA (Haurtzaroa eta Ingurumena-Infancia y Medio Ambiente) proiektuan argitaratutako lanen errebisioa
Authors: Babarro Izaro , Andiarena Ainara , Ibarluzea Jesús , Fano Eduardo , Aurrekoetxea Juan Jose , Lertxundi Nerea , Lertxundi Aitana , Gallastegi Mara , Irizar Amaia , Pereda-Pereda Eva , Urbieta Nerea , Santa Marina Loreto
Published: April 2019

Osasunaren esparruan oro har, eta zehazki Osasun Publikoarenean, azken bi mendeetan ingurumenak osasunean duen eragina aztertzeak interesa piztu du. Marc Lalondek, 1974. urtean osasun-eredua garatu zuen, eta azpimarratu zuen bizi-ohiturek eta inguruko faktoreek osasunean zuten eragina. Artikulu honen helburu orokorra da faktore hauek haurraren garapen neuropsikologikoan nola eragiten duten aztertzea helburutzat duten INMA proiektuko hainbat lanen emaitza esanguratsuenak azpimarratzea. Hala nola, emakumeen bizi-estiloekin erlazionatutako gainpisu/obesitateak eta erretze-ohiturak asoziazio negatiboa erakutsi zuten haurraren garapen neuropsikologikoarekin. Elikadura-ohiturei dagokienez, ikusi zen arraina osasunerako onuragarriak zein kaltegarriak diren substantzien garraio dela. Emakume haurdunek jarraitzen zituzten ekimenei dagokienez, gure proiektuko emaitzek erakutsi zuten azido folikoaren dosi altuegi zein baxuegiek haurren garapen neuropsikologikoan eragin positiboak zituztela. Edoskitze naturalak autismoa bezalako jokabide-arazoentzat eragin babesgarria zuela erakutsi zuten gure ikerketek. Ingurumen faktoreek haurraren garapenean eta osasunean kalteak dakartzatela ikusi da. Berdeguneek duten eragina, ordea, onuragarria dela ikusi da. Lan honek haurdunaldian emakumeak jarraitzen dituen bizi-ohiturak eta osasun-sistemaren aholkuak zein emakumeak dituen ingurumen-esposizioak haurraren garapen neuropsikologikoan duen eragina erakutsi du.
A színpercepció és színértelmezés mérése 7-9 éves diákok körében
Authors: Tóth Alisa , Kárpáti Andrea , Molnár Gyöngyvér
Published: April 2019

A színek befogadása és a színnel való alkotás a vizuális nevelési programok egyik fontos komponense világszerte. 2018-ban a Nemzetközi Színtani Társaság magyar részvételű Oktatási Szakosztálya kutatási programot kezdeményezett, amelyben a színek oktatásának eredményességét vizsgálják a közoktatásban. Tanulmányunk egy nemzetközi használatra alkalmas, a színpercepció és színértelmezés mérésére fejlesztett online teszt használatának lehetőségét mutatja be kisiskolás korban. A rajzpedagógusok munkáját segíteni hivatott mérőeszköz tartalmi kereteinek ismertetése (Tóth, 2017) után bemutatjuk a pilot vizsgálatokat követő (Tóth, Molnár és Kárpáti, 2017) nagymintás adatfelvétel főbb eredményeit. A mintavételben 142 iskola második osztályú tanulója vett részt (N=4183, M_age=8,80). A tesztet az eDia online értékelési platformon keresztül szerkesztettük, majd közvetítettük ki. A 48 itemes mérőeszköz belső konzisztenciája magas volt (α=.83). A strukturális egyenleteken alapuló elemzések rámutattak, hogy a vizuális képességek színérzékeléssel és színértelmezéssel kapcsolatos komponensét a következő négy részképesség alkotja: színérzékelés, szín-és formafelismerés, színmemória és színjelentés. Ez az eredmény alapja lehet egy hatékonyabb színoktatási tanterv-rész kidolgozásának, a tanítandó tartalom, a fejlesztési területek és az iskolai korosztályokhoz kötött eredménycélok és a pontosabb meghatározásának. A színpercepció és színértelmezés mérésére kidolgozott online teszt már az iskolakezdő szakaszban is alkalmazható, gyors és objektív visszacsatolást biztosít a pedagógusoknak tanulóik teljesítményéről egy, a munka világában és a magánéletben egyaránt alapvető jelentőségű képességterületeken.
Máté-effektus vizsgálata
Authors: B. Németh Mária , Korom Erzsébet , Hódi Ágnes , Nagy Lászlóné , Tóth Edit
Published: April 2019

A tanulmány a Máté-effektusnak nevezett, eddig főleg az olvasás területén kutatott jelenséget vizsgálja általános iskolai tanulók természetismeret-tudásában. A jelenség relatív értelmezését használja, miszerint a jók fejlődési üteme nagyobb, a gyengéké kisebb mértékű. Elemzi továbbá a szövegértés szintje és a természetismerettudás kapcsolatát a természetismeret teszteken a 4. és a 6. évfolyamon is leggyengébben, illetve legjobban teljesítő tanulók körében. A kutatás a Szegedi Iskolai Longitudinális Program első kohorszában saját fejlesztésű tesztekkel gyűjtött adatokat dolgozza fel. A 4. és 6. évfolyamon 2 784 tanuló körében felvett természetismeret és olvasás tesztek eredményét elemzi. A teljesítmények alakulásának leírásához a tanulókat kvartilisekbe sorolja, majd a két mérési pont kvartiliseit egymásra vetíti. A tanulmány a mindkét műveltségi területen gyenge (mindkét mérési ponton első kvartilisben levő) és jó (mindkét mérési ponton a negyedik kvartilisben levő) tanulókra fókuszál. Az eredmények szerint a Máté-effektus kimutatható a természetismeret tanulásában is. A minta 13,0%-a mindkét mérési pontban a leggyengébb, 11,6%-a a legjobbak között maradt. A teljesítmények szórása alapján nőtt a természetismeretből gyenge tanulók tudása közötti különbség, míg a jók tudása közelebb került egymáshoz. A leggyengébben teljesítő tanulók több mint felének (55,6%) komoly szövegértési problémái vannak, kevés közöttük a jól olvasó (3,6%). A legjobbak közel fele (48,2%) olvasásból is a legjobbak között van, de közöttük is találunk gyenge olvasókat (4,3%). Az olvasás fejlettsége mindkét mérési pontban nagyobb arányban magyarázza a természetismeretből gyenge tanulók teljesítményének varianciáját. Az eredmények rámutatnak a természettudományi műveltség korai, kisiskolásokat célzó, mind az olvasást, mind a természettudományi tudást érintő fejlesztésének fontosságára.
Waste Clay for Biodiesel Through Base Catalyzed Transesterification of Residual Cotton Seed Oil.
Authors: Ali Zeeshan , Siddique Saima , Waheed Amran , Shah Syed Faheem
Published: April 2019

After processing of cotton seed oil (CSO) the activated bleaching clay (ABC) is converted to low valued waste bleaching clay (WBC). The chemical composition of ABC from Mirpur, Azad Kashmir region of Pakistan is found out as; SiO2 71.34, Al2O3 15.54, CaO 2.72, MgO 1.48, Na2O 0.51, K2O 0.23, Fe2O3 0.02. The clay has bleachability (74 %) and oil retention (32.70 %) by standard method (ASTM). The cotton seed oil recovered (CSOR) with polar/nonpolar solvents (31.1-36.3 %) have different FFA values (0.2-0.85). However, lower percentage of tri-esters (88 %) was found out in dark coloured CSOR as compare to freshly n-hexane extracted CSO (92.5 %) from edible oil refinery. The lower FFA (0.2) valued CSOR with n-hexane is transesterified at optimized conditions to mono alkyl esters (CSOR-FAME). The reaction was optimised by performing series of experiments to observe molar conc., of methanol-oil (3-18:1), catalysts; NaOH, NaOCH3, KOH, KOCH3- oil (0.25-1.5), temperature (20-80°C), reflux time (120 min) and mixing intensity (200-650 rpm). The maximum yield of biodiesel (98.5 %) has been found out by NaOCH3 (1.00 %) as catalyst, methanol-oil (6:1) at temperature (65°C) and stirring intensity (650 rpm). The properties of CSOR-FAME (biodiesel) are also under limits as per standards; ASTM 6751, EN 14214 and WBC/ CSOR-FAME appear to be an acceptable feedstock for fatty acids/biodiesel production as renewable fuel.
Breaking Bad
Authors: Khurana Thomas
Published: April 2019

Wie wird man der, der man ist? Die Frage ist zweideutig. Zum einen scheint sie danach zu fragen, wie man durch all das, was einem geschieht und was man tut, schließlich zu jener bestimmten Person wird, die man zu einem gewissen Zeitpunkt ist. Zugleich zielt die Frage darauf, wie man das einholt, was man »ist«, es nicht nur ist, sondern wirklich wird. Die Frage wirft also einerseits das Problem der Verkettung von Taten, Umständen und Wirkungen auf, die das Produkt einer bestimmten Veränderung hervorbringen, wie andererseits das Problem jener Prozesse der Aneignung und Anerkennung, durch die ein Selbstverhältnis zu dieser Veränderung möglich wird. Die Serie Breaking Bad geht diesem doppelten Prozess auf eine besondere Weise nach, indem sie eine negative Bildungsgeschichte, die Geschichte einer Gegen-Bildung erzählt. Sie zeigt, dass die Devise, zu werden, was man ist, nicht auf Selbstausschöpfung zielt - die Entfaltung und Ausschöpfung der eigenen Potentiale -, sondern vielmehr auf Selbstwerdung: die Verwandlung unseres Seins in Werden und Wissen, Selbstaneignung und Selbstüberschreitung.
Zeit und Ewigkeit. Eschatologische Konstruktion von Zeitlichkeit
Authors: Layer Simon
Published: April 2019

Ewigkeit ist nicht nur die theologische Ermöglichung von Zeit, sie ist auch die Bedingung der Möglichkeit der Erfahrung von Verlaufszeit, denn sie setzt der Geschichte, der vergangenen, gegenwärtigen und zukünftigen Zeit, einen teleologischen Rahmen, der zur Erkenntnis von Vergangenem, der Erfahrung von Gegenwärtigem und dem Erwarten von Zukünftigem führt. Die Theologie kann und muss diesen inneren Bezug von Zeit und Ewigkeit in ihrer A-Linearität betonen, indem ihre Verkündigung von der Eschatologie nicht nur als von den letzten Dingen redet, sondern die Hoffnung auf das und die Gewissheit vom ewigen Reich Gottes wieder in ihr Zentrum rückt. Auf der Basis schöpfungstheologischer und eschatologischer Voraussetzungen will der Aufsatz einen theologischen Beitrag zur Diskussion um Zeit, Zeitverständnis und den Menschen als in der Zeit lebendes Wesen liefern.
Studium und Lehrtätigkeit von Künstler*innen mit geistiger Beeinträchtigung
Authors: Edschmid Sophia , Deutsch Helene
Published: April 2019

Sophia Edschmid und Helene Deutsch arbeiten im Atelier Goldstein, einem Atelier für begabte Künstler*innen mit kognitiver Beeinträchtigung der Lebenshilfe Frankfurt am Main e.V. Gemeinsam sind sie verantwortlich für ein Bildungsprojekt, das für die erweiterte Inklusion in Studium und Lehrtätigkeit steht. Ein Studium von Menschen mit kognitiver Beeinträchtigung ist äußerst ungewöhnlich, eine Lehrtätigkeit ist bislang wohl kaum einmal angedacht worden. In ihrem Beitrag skizzieren Edschmid und Deutsch die gesellschaftliche Situation, den methodischen Assistenzansatz und erste Erfahrungen des Engagements.
Musik: Unterricht - Förderung - Therapie
Authors: Merkt Irmgard
Published: April 2019

Irmgard Merkt strebt in ihrem Beitrag eine »freundliche Grenzziehung« zwischen Unterricht, Förderung und Therapie in der Sonderpädagogik an. Sie kontrastiert die Zielsetzung von Unterricht und Therapie, wobei der Gleichzeitigkeit von Emotion, Kognition und Motorik besondere Bedeutung im musikalischen Kontext zukommt. Zugleich werden Gemeinsamkeiten wie beispielsweise der Bedarf nach Rollenklarheit herausgestellt. Obwohl Wechselwirkungen der spezifischen Bereiche wünschenswert wären, bleibt jedoch besonders das System Schule meist reserviert gegenüber therapeutisch gefassten Ansätzen. Merkt zeigt anhand von Beispielen, dass Transfereffekte jedoch allen Beteiligten helfen können, die Herausforderungen der schulischen Inklusion besser zu meistern.
Von Road Maps und notwendigen Umleitungen
Authors: Sauter Sven
Published: April 2019

Sven Sauter diskutiert in seinem Beitrag über die Ausgangspunkte und Ziele der Wege zu einer inklusiven Kulturellen Bildung die normativen Grundlagen der UNESCO für dieses Feld und zeigt anhand einer bestehenden Kooperation mit einer Kunstsammlung auf, wie die Road Map for Arts Education mit Leben gefüllt werden kann. Zugleich werden die auf Effizienz, Effektivität und Evaluation gewendeten Einflussnahmen auf das Feld der Kulturellen Bildung kritisiert. Sie zielen vorrangig auf ökonomische Verwertungsabsichten, denen sich eine widerständige Kunst und vor allem widerspenstige Künstler*innen entziehen, will Kunst und die Kulturelle Bildung transformativ im Sinne der Vision einer humanen Gesellschaft wirken, die eine Kultur der Menschenrechte zur Voraussetzung hat - sie aber zugleich auch ermöglichen kann.
Professionalisierung der Zusammenarbeit von SportphysiotherapeutInnen und TrainerInnen
Authors: Steinmann Annika
Published: April 2019

Annika Steinmann widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag einer Beleuchtung der Zusammenarbeit von SportphysiotherapeutInnen und TrainerInnen im Spitzensport. Ausgangspunkt ist, dass eine Schärfung der jeweiligen Handlungsfelder zu einer Optimierung ihrer Kooperation und damit zu einer Leistungssteigerung der AthletInnen beitragen kann. Zunächst werden Ausführungen zum Professionsansatz offengelegt (1). Es folgen Darstellungen der beiden Sozialfiguren SportphysiotherapeutIn und TrainerIn im Handlungsfeld Spitzensport (2). Von den skizzierten Vorannahmen geleitet und dem Ziel Dopingprävention um eine Facette zu bereichern, werden abschließend mögliche Optimierungsansätze für die Kooperation angedacht (3), ohne dabei die Komplexität des Zustandekommens spitzensportlicher Leistung in Frage zu stellen.
Anticapitalist Affect
Authors: Norberg Jakob
Published: April 2019

In his writings on satire, the Marxist literary critic Georg Lukács argued that hatred could function as an anti-capitalist affect. Hatred, he believed, equips the committed author with a set of traits - certainty, lucidity, endurance, and pitilessness - that are eminently useful for the exposure and destruction of a fundamentally criminal socio-economic system. Contrary to the contemporary anxiety about hatred (hate speech, hate crimes), Lukács wanted to mobilize the affect for revolutionary ends. Yet he also admitted that hatred tends to grow in conditions of powerlessness, dependence, and frustration. As a consequence, Lukács could not unite the cool passion of hatred with the position of a confident revolutionary.
»Auch wir sind Migrant_innen!«
Authors: Nothnagel Martina
Published: April 2019

Innereuropäische Migrant_innen finden gemeinhin wenig Beachtung im öffentlichen Diskurs - gelten sie doch aufgrund ihrer ›privilegierten‹ Herkunft nicht als die stereotypen ›Anderen‹. Martina Nothnagel präsentiert eine alternative Perspektive auf beständig brisante Themen wie Migration, Integration oder Transkulturalität, indem sie Migrationserfahrungen, Praktiken und Alltagswelten von Menschen erkundet, die aus Skandinavien, Deutschland und Spanien nach Wien zugewandert sind. Dabei liegt der Fokus nicht allein auf der Gegenwart: Zentral ist auch die sozialisatorische Frage nach Veränderungen dieser Erfahrungen und Alltagswelten seit den 1960er Jahren, etwa durch die Auswirkungen der zunehmenden Globalisierung.
Raumbeschreibungen - Auf der Suche nach Würde im Raum
Authors: Lamker Christian
Published: April 2019

Würde ist ein zutiefst mit Menschen verbundener Begriff. Würde im Raum ist nicht messbar oder sichtbar. Wir können uns auf der Suche nach würdevollen Räumen auf unterschiedlichen Wegen annähern. Sie beantworten uns aber nicht die Frage, was wir selbst unter Würde verstehen, was für uns würdevolle Räume sind und wie wir solche Räume beschreiben und gestalten können. Der Beitrag erarbeitet eine Verständigungsgrundlage und hilft dabei, sicherzustellen, dass die Selbstachtung aller Menschen gewahrt und Demütigungen vermieden werden. Mit sach-, subjekt- und handlungsbezogenen Raumbeschreibungen steht jeweils ein anderer Aspekt in den Vordergrund: der Ort selbst, seine Interpretation sowie menschliche Handlungs- und Veränderungsmöglichkeiten.
À qui profitent les sciences ?
Authors: Perronnet Clémence
Published: April 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux façons dont les institutions éducatives, du fait d’attentes, de représentations et de pratiques plurielles des agents et publics scolaires, façonnent des rapports différenciés aux sciences qui excluent certains élèves des filières et professions scientifiques. À partir d’une enquête qualitative longitudinale menée pendant quatre ans (CM1-5e) par observations d’ateliers sciences et entretiens avec des enfants, des parents et des éducateur-trice-s, il s’agit de montrer comment l’altérisation et la responsabilisation des élèves en contexte scolaire ségrégé donnent lieu à des traitements différenciateurs qui reproduisent les inégalités devant les sciences. Ce texte aborde plus particulièrement le cas des jeunes garçons issus des classes populaires que l’éducation scientifique, émaillée de malentendus scolaires, cantonne à des compétences et horizons professionnels relevant moins des sciences que du travail technique et manuel.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Jaworska Mariola
Published: April 2019

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Veränderungen im Bereich des Lehrens und Lernens von Sprachen und deren Konsequenzen für die Aus- und Fortbildung von Fremdsprachenlehrerinnen
Authors: Krumm Hans-Jürgen
Published: April 2019

The world is changing. Is the teaching of foreign languages also bound to change? The answer to the question is not about confirming that almost all learners have their smartphones now. After all, language teaching is not aimed at following all new fashion trends. The decisive factor is the fact that today's learners are different from those 10 or 15 years back. They are characterised by growing linguistic (and usually also cultural) diversity, their network of contacts with the world, family relationships and personal experiences are more diversified and colourful. Also, requirements towards them change: they need to be able to adapt to the rapidly developing world, the world of globalisation and of nationalistic tendencies. How can foreign language education contribute to their finding their place in a society of open borders, linguistic and cultural diversity, and new possibilities offered to each of them? In response to the question, the author encourages everyone to ponder on the following topics:How do learners contribute to the learning process and foreign language instruction: diversity as capitalPlurilingualism is the main principle of language education and school developmentAction-based vs. task-based: how autonomous can learners be?Learning on the Web: foreign languages are learnt not only during lessonsProfessional development and reflection as the essence of teaching competence in a contemporary school
Introduction
Authors: Kic-Drgas Joanna , Zawacka-Najgeburska Marta
Published: April 2019

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JOLANTA SUJECKA-ZAJĄC KOMPETENTNY UCZEŃ NA LEKCJI JĘZYKA OBCEGO. WYZWANIA DLA GLOTTODYDAKTYKI MEDIACYJNEJ
Authors: Siek-Piskozub Teresa
Published: April 2019

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Hydration status, total water intake and subjective feelings of adolescents living in a hot environment, during a typical school day
Authors: Aphamis George , Stavrinou Pinelopi S. , Andreou Eleni , Giannaki Christoforos D.
Published: April 2019

Aim

Individuals living in a hot environment appear to face increased risk of dehydration. Currently there is not extensive literature on the adolescent population in relation to hydration. The aim of the present study was to assess hydration status and total water intake (TWI) at school, of adolescents living in a hot environment, and to investigate the association of hydration and TWI with various subjective feelings.

Methods

The hydration status of 141 adolescents (boys n = 102), age 15–17 years, was assessed via urine specific gravity (USG), at the beginning (07:30 am) and at the end (1:30 pm) of one school day. TWI from fluids and solid food was assessed via detailed food and fluid records. Subjective feelings (i.e. thirst, alertness, ability to concentrate) were recorded by specific scales.

Results

Ninety percent of the students arrived dehydrated at school (USG >1.020). Thirteen students were hydrated (USG <1.020), 67 students were slightly dehydrated (USG 1.021–1.029), and 50 students were seriously dehydrated (USG >1.030). There was no difference in TWI between the three groups (765 ± 451 mL). TWI correlated with alertness (p = 0.005) and the ability to concentrate (p = 0.015), and inversely correlated with fatigue (p = 0.015). Seriously dehydrated students felt less alert in the morning (p < 0.035) whereas the feeling of thirst was similar between all groups.

Conclusions

The prevalence of the dehydration of the adolescents during school time appeared to be extremely high, and thirst was not driving those adolescents to drink enough. Apart from health concerns, school performance could be affected by dehydration and inadequate water intake.
Response Surface Methodology Optimization and Kinetic Study of Ultrafiltration-Enhanced, SCER-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Lard
Authors: Lv Enmin , Ding Shaoxuan , Lu Jie , Li Zhuang , Du Lixiong , Zhang Shuguang , Ding Jincheng
Published: April 2019

The integration process of polyethersulphone (PES) ultrafiltration with catalytic hydrolysis of lard was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The influences of molar ratio of water to lard, reaction time and transmembrane pressure on the fatty acids (FAs) yield were investigated. Results showed that the maximum FAs yield of 99.52 % was obtained under the optimized conditions of molar ratio of water to lard of 6.0:1.0, reaction time of 10.0 h and transmembrane pressure of 100.0 kPa. Moreover, the membrane cleaning efficiency was studied after four cleanings. Furthermore, the kinetic model of membrane separation process was investigated and the activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined.
Speech-accompanying gestures in L1 and L2 conversational interaction by speakers of different proficiency levels
Authors: Lin Yen-Liang
Published: April 2019

This study examines the co-occurrence of speech and gestures based on a multimodal corpus to investigate the extent to which speech-accompanying gestures differ between Chinese as L1 and English as L2 speech among speakers of different L2 proficiency levels. Thirty-two Chinese-speaking learners of English, equally distributed between advanced (C1) and low-intermediate (B1) proficiency levels were recruited. The face-to-face casual conversation in L1 and L2 among friends were video-recorded, and speech-accompanying gestures were then coded for different types: deictic gestures, iconic gestures, metaphoric gestures, beats, and others. The analysis of overall frequencies of L2 gestures, English proficiency level was found to have a significant effect; in particular, speakers at higher levels of L2 proficiency are more likely to produce more beats and iconic gestures in conversational interaction for additional emphasis, while less proficient L2 speakers tended to produce more deictic gestures, accompanied with other communication strategies. Furthermore, the comparison of the types of gestures that accompanied the speakers’ L1 and L2 conversation show that except metaphoric gestures, speakers tended to produce more beats, deictic and iconic gestures in L2 than in L1, with similar results found in both advanced and low-intermediate learners.
Plasmon-assisted bandgap engineering in dilute nitrides
Authors: Pettinari Giorgio , Labbate Loris Angelo , Sharma Mayank Shekhar , Rubini Silvia , Polimeni Antonio , Felici Marco
Published: April 2019

The inherent ability of plasmonic bowtie nanoapertures (NAs) to localize the electromagnetic field at a subwavelength scale was exploited to engineer the H removal process in dilute nitrides at the nanometer level. Dilute nitride semiconductor alloys (e.g. GaAsN with a small percentage of nitrogen) are characterized by peculiar optoelectronic properties and, most importantly, by an even more peculiar response to hydrogen incorporation. In this class of materials, it is indeed possible to tune post-growth the alloy bandgap energy by a controlled incorporation of hydrogen atoms. The formation of N-H complexes neutralizes all the effects N has on the host matrix, among which is the strong narrowing of bandgap energy. In the present work, bowtie NAs resonant to the N-H complex dissociation energy were numerically modeled by finite element method simulations, realized by a lithographic approach, and characterized by scanning probe microscopy and resonant scattering spectroscopies. The conditions to get the maximum field enhancement at a specific position below the metal/semiconductor interface, namely at the dilute nitride quantum well position, were identified, demonstrating the ability to achieve a plasmon-assisted spatially selective hydrogen removal in a GaAsN/GaAs quantum well sample. Hydrogen removal through bowtie NAs turns out to be way more efficient (approximately two orders of magnitude) than through the plain surface, thus indicating that bandgap engineering through plasmonic nanostructures can be optimized for future efficient realization of site-controlled single-photon emitters and for their deterministic integration in plasmonic devices.
Stereoselective synthesis of sugar mimetics from simple monosaccharides
Authors: Jarosz Sławomir , Tiara Karolina , Potopnyk Mykhaylo A.
Published: April 2019

A number of bicyclic imino- and carba-sugars (examples are presented in the Scheme) can be obtained from simple monosaccharides (hexoses or pentoses) by various methods.
Automation of Aseptic Sterile Preparation: Risk Analysis and Productivity Comparison with Manual Process
Authors: Heloury Jeanne , Bouguéon Guillaume , Deljehier Thomas , Jourand Audrey , Berroneau Aude , Crauste-Manciet Sylvie
Published: April 2019

Two automation methods for aseptic preparation in hospital pharmacy, robot and peristaltic pump, were compared to manual process both for risk analysis using Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method and for productivity using time analysis grids built for each process.

The results obtained with the different workflow organizations showed that the worst-case conditions for productivity was production “on demand” of tailor-made preparations. in that case, the manual process was not significantly different from the robotic process (p-value=0.72). For the standardized preparations, the semi-automatic process preparing a batch from bulk solution from “to be reconstituted” drugs was significantly superior to the robotic process preparing repetitive series of doses (p-value<0.01). Productivity of the robot was dramatically increased when the robot performed standardized preparations either from ready to use solutions or mixed cycles due to the robot design. When different processes were FMECA analyzed for risk analysis the robotic process was found as the safer process in comparison to others with a total of Criticality Indexes of 1060, 719, 656 for manual, semi-automatic and robot, respectively. Except for the robotic, semi-automatic and manual processes needed additional IT control systems to limit the risk of failures.
Environmentally Friendly Monolithic Highly-Porous Biocarbons as Binder-Free Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Orlova Tatiana S. , Shpeizman Vitaly V. , Glebova Nadejda V. , Nechitailov AndreyA. , Spitsyn Andrey A. , Ponomarev Dmitry A. , Gutierrez-Pardo Antonio , Ramirez-Rico Joaquin
Published: April 2019

A simple, low-cost and environmentally friendly method has been used to obtain highly porous biomorphic carbon monoliths with a good combination of interconnected macro-, mesoand microporosity, and good electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, making these biocarbon materials interesting for electrochemical applications as binder-free electrodes. Highly porous monolithic biocarbons were obtained from beech wood precursors through pyrolysis and subsequent surface modification in a steam heated to 970°C with different activation times. The obtained biocarbons demonstrated good electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. They were studied as electrodes for supercapacitors in half cell experiments, demonstrating maximum gravimetric capacitance of 200 F g-1 in a basic media at scan rate 1 mV s-1. Galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments showed maximum capacitance of 185 F g-1 at current density of 0.15 A g-1 and ~100 F g-1 at current density of 0.75 A g-1. It has been shown that in addition to the developed porous surface, the micropores with diameters exceeding 1 nm play a key role for the enhanced electrochemical capacity. Long-cycling experiments demonstrated excellent stability of the monolithic biocarbon electrodes with no reduction of the initial capacitance values after 600 cycles in voltammetry.
Copper Pentagonal Micropyramids Grown by Mechanically Activated Electrodeposition
Authors: Vikarchuk A.A. , Gryzunova N.N. , Gutkin M.Yu. , Romanov A.E.
Published: April 2019

The formation of copper pentagonal micropyramids (PMPs) with high (multiatomic) spiral growth steps, which are grown by electrocrystallization with mechanical activation of the cathode, is studied experimentally. A new spiral-layer growth mechanism for the formation of such PMP is proposed. It is shown that PMPs grow on flat pentagonal microcrystals (PMCs) formed initially and containing fivefold twins with one of the twin boundaries being inclined by the angle of 35°16’ to the {110}-type substrate crystallographic plane. Such crystal geometry causes an inclined growth step on the PMC surface. The preferential deposition of metal atoms on this step leads to the spiral-layer PMC growth and the formation of PMPs with a structure inherited from the PMCs.
Threading Screw Dislocations in a Two-Phase Plate and a Two-Phase Sphere
Authors: Kolesnikova A.L. , Gutkin M.Yu. , Romanov A.E.
Published: April 2019

A screw dislocation perpendicular to free surfaces and an interface in a two-phase plate, and a screw dislocation piercing a two-phase hollow sphere are considered. The analytical solutions of the boundary-value problems have been found for the first time with the help of the virtual defects technique. Elastic fields of the screw dislocation in the plate are presented in the form of integrals with Bessel functions. Elastic fields of the screw dislocation in the hollow sphere have the form of series with Legendre polynomials. Stress distributions in both of the considered geometries are plotted. The influence of the geometric parameters of the considered solids and the ratio of the shear moduli on the stresses is analyzed. The interaction of a screw dislocation with a parallel edge dislocation is discussed.
Processing and Characterization of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites: An Overview
Authors: Pasha Mudasar B. A. , Kaleemulla Mohammed
Published: April 2019

An increased interest is observed in recent years in the processing of aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) due to their remarkable properties such as light in weight, very high strength, environmental resistance, corrosion resistance, and low thermal coefficient of expansion compared to conventional metal and alloys. This leads to superior compressive strength, for fuel cell applications, low density and low cost for automotive and small engine applications. Homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement phase in turns improves hardness and ultimate tensile strength for lightweight applications, especially aeronautical and high-speed train industries. Uniform distribution of reinforcement directly influences properties and quality of the composite material. And develop a conventional low-cost method of producing metal matrix composites to obtain a homogenous dispersion of reinforcing materials. In this review article, processing and characterization of aluminum metal matrix composites have been reviewed. The Point of convergence is given to the new fabrication techniques, their physical and mechanical characterization. Substantially this review article censoriously reviews the present and past state of understanding of the processing of aluminum metal matrix composites with different reinforcement. The resulting failure mechanisms are discussed. Instructions are given to clarify open questions related to the fabrications of aluminum metal matrix composites.
Thermodynamics of Natural Pigment-Doped Ethanol under Monochromatic Laser Irradiation
Authors: Icaza Herrera Miguel de , Castaño Víctor M.
Published: April 2019

A laser beam heats a mixture of ethanol and anthocyanins producing the effect of a reciprocating machine. This behaviour is analyzed in terms of the stable, metastable and unstable states of Landau and Lifschitz. Trying first with the van der Waals equation of state, with negative results because the system state is normally far from the critical state, a modified version, with van der Waals coefficients depending linearly on the temperature is proposed, based in the thermodynamic properties of ethanol at room and critical temperatures. The resulting theory allows us to understand the discontinuous results concerning the absorption of the laser beam in terms of a thermodynamic cycle and its frequency dependence on the laser light focus position. Slight changes in the experimental setup may enable the measurement of thermodynamic properties in metastable states.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Linear Friction Welded Titanium Subjected to ECAP
Authors: Zhilyaev A.P. , Kashaev R.M. , Khusnullin A.M. , Raab G.I. , Calvo J. , Cabrera J.M.
Published: April 2019

Commercially pure (Grade 4) titanium specimens with two types of microstructure (coarse-grained and nanostructured by means of equal channel angular pressing) were joined by linear friction welding (LFW). Microhardness measurements, tensile and compression tests as well as fracture surface inspection by scanning electron microscopy revealed similarity in tensile properties and significant discrepancy in compression behavior of two types of Ti specimens. Tensile test shows that fracture occurs in both cases in a region of heat affected zone. Fracture surface analysis displayed mostly ductile mode. In case of compression test coarse-grained titanium linear friction welded demonstrates a pronounced strain hardening region without fracture but nanostructured LFW titanium shows typical plastic behavior with mixing of brittle-ductile mode of rupture in the welding zone.