bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Effects of Turkish TV Dramas on Youth: A Case Study of Hazara University Mansehra
Authors: Atta ur Rehman
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The study aims to explore the contents presented in Turkish Dramas as well as how these contents are influencing Pakistani youth and Pakistani culture. Moreover, due to the nature of similar social issues and problems, the study also aims to explore the impact of the dramas on family relationships.
Methodology: Researcher adopted quantitative (survey) technique to collect the data from the target public. A sample of (N=200) respondents were selected from the Hazara University Mansehra. Self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the data on available and convenient sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS.
Findings: The study revealed a slightly higher representation of males (57.5%) compared to females (42.5%). In terms of age, the majority of participants (54%) fell within the range of 20 to less than 22 years, indicating that this age group was more actively engaged in the study and highest percentage (53%) belonged to the science discipline, followed by 27% from arts and 17% from social sciences. A significant majority (93.5%) of the participants reported watching dramas. Only a small percentage (6.5%) reported not watching dramas. The comparison of four options (not at all, rarely, frequently, and very frequently) showed that a considerable number of participants (57 students) reported frequently watching Turkish dramas, followed by 50 students who reported watching them very frequently. This indicates that Turkish dramas have a notable impact on the viewers' drama preferences.
Conclusion: Overall, the study concluded that Turkish dramas have gained popularity among Pakistani viewers, with a considerable portion of the studied population watching them frequently or very frequently. This influence can be attributed to factors such as compelling storylines, cultural appeal, and diverse perspectives depicted in Turkish dramas. The study highlights the need for further research to explore the specific effects and implications of this influence on the Pakistani drama industry and its viewership patterns.
Impact of Pakistani TV Dramas Highlighting Child Molestation on the Perception of Youth
Authors: Kamal Hina
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study aimed to look out the impact of Pakistani dramas highlighting child molestation on the perception of youth. This study specifically focuses on the youth and their perception regarding child molestation and also analyzes the role of drama industry by highlighting this social issue.
Methodology: Survey method applied on this study and questionnaire based on Likert scale was distributed among (N=250) respondents of different universities of Lahore.
Findings: Study revealed that people are agreed that Pakistani dramas based on child molestation are creating awareness among youth and more dramas should made on this issue.
Conclusion: Study concluded that this awareness and dramas based on child molestation are not caused of fear among the youth in Pakistan.
Examining Film as an Eminent Source of Entertainment: A Case Study of Pakistani Youth
Authors: Safdar Ghulam , Abbasi Andleeb Basharat
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Films are narratives, means of communication and a mirror of a society, simultaneously. It is the finest form of escapism or entertainment as watching it makes one forget the realities. This research aimed to explore the prominence of film entertainment among Pakistani youth.
Methodology: The study employed quantitative cross-sectional survey design to gather data from a representative sample of (N=202) Pakistani youth aged 18 and above.
Findings: The findings revealed that a significant majority of Pakistani youth (84.2%) consider films an eminent source of entertainment. The study identified the popularity of various film genres among the youth, with action, thriller, and drama genres being the most preferred. It also found that personal interest; recommendations from peers or friends, and media exposure are the factors influencing film preferences among the youth.
Conclusion: The research concluded that films hold significant appeal and influence among Pakistani youth, serving as a meaningful and pleasurable form of entertainment that shapes their cultural identities and personal lives.
Image Portrayal of States and Societies in Pakistani and Indian Films
Authors: Rauf Sana , Kanwal Eisha
Published: December 2024

The basic purpose of this research article is to analyze the image of Pakistan and India portrayed by each other in their films. The article focuses on how the films are being used by the both countries to portray each other either in positive or negative way. Study used the mixed method i.e., quantitative and qualitative by its nature and data collected from online archive of countries’ films having the theme of image portrayal of neighbor country i.e., Pakistan and India. A list of films of both the countries since 1948 till now is drawn. A general data about films collected through internet. Study found that in majority films of both countries showing each other enemy. The study also highlighted religious, cultural and social aspects of films. It is concluded that Indian films portraying Islam and Muslims in a negative way.
ROLE OF PANCHAKARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TRAUMATIC QUADRIPLEGIA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: UB Spoorthi , Kulkarni Varsha , MK Sukesh
Published: December 2024

Quadriplegia is a condition caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs. There was both sensory and motor deficit, which means that both sensation and control are lost. Quadriplegia is a symptom of many conditions and problems affecting your brain or spinal cord. Many of these problems and situations are dangerous. Quadriplegia is caused by damage to the brain or the spinal cord at a high-level C1–C7, in particular, spinal cord injuries secondary to an injury to the cervical spine. Here we present a case of a 40-year-old male patient who is a known alcoholic with no other comorbidities and was asymptomatic before, he suddenly he felt weakness in the bilateral upper limb and lower limb, urine, and bowel incontinence associated with being unable to sit for even less than 1 minute after falling from the bike and was diagnosed as Traumatic Quadriplegia. The case was diagnosed as Sarvangavata (Vata affecting all body parts) based on the clinical presentation of Traumatic Quadriplegia. He was treated with Agnilepa chikitsa (Topical application) for seven days, considering ama. After that, he was treated according to Vatavyadhi chikitsa principles (Treatment of Vata vyadhi) which included Sarvanga abhyanga (Anointing medicated oil to all body parts) followed by Dashamoola kashaya seka (Pouring medicated decoction), Nasya (Nasal instillation), Shashtika shali pinda sweda, (Sudation with rice bolus dipped in milk and decoction) and Matra basti (Unctous Enema). Following the treatment, there was a notable improvement, with a SCIM SCORE from 14 to 56.
MANAGEMENT OF PSORIASIS (MANDALA KUSHTHA) THROUGH AYURVEDA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Bhati Anjali , Yadav Chhaju Ram , Gurao Rashmi
Published: December 2024

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic and non-infectious skin disease characterized by circumscribed erythematous scaly lesions. It has an unpredictable course of remission with multifactorial causes like stress, lifestyle changes, and dietary habits. The point prevalence of psoriasis is 8% of total dermatological disorders. Treatment available in the contemporary system is not curative but suppressive only. In Ayurveda, the disease can be correlated with Mandala Kushtha due to the resemblance of signs and symptoms. Shodhana is the treatment of choice in Kushtha but due to subnormal psychological and physical strength, Shamana Chikitsa was adopted. Method: In the present case study, a 25 years old female patient consulted OPD no. 3 of National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur with the signs and symptoms of erythematous scaly patches, itching, over affected areas since last 1 year. The Psoriasis area severity index was noted 14.4. She was treated with Ayurveda formulations i.e. Ashtamurti Rasayana, Rasmanikya, Shudha Gandhak, Vidang Churna, Arogyavardhini Vati, Panch Nimba Churna, and so on. Pathya and Apathya were advised to her. Result: After 2 months of treatment, cessation of new lesions and marked reduction of itching and pain were observed. Her PASI score decreased to 7. In the next 4 months, the elevation of lesions and scale disappeared, and the skin surface regained its normal texture. Discussion and Conclusion: These Ayurvedic drugs having Kaphahara, Kandughna, and Kushthghna properties balance morbid Dosha, pacifies the Rakta and Mamsa and thus relieves itching, reduce Kleda and suppress the overall pathological progression of disease. Therefore Ayurvedic intervention has shown effective potential in treating psoriasis (Mandala Kushtha).
A CHALLENGING DIAGNOSIS OF POSTERIOR VAGINAL WALL DERMOID CYST ALONG WITH ANTERIOR FISTULA-IN-ANO: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Chandran Krishna R , Joshi Pashmina B , Dudhamal TS
Published: December 2024

A dermoid cyst is a cystic swelling due to the entrapment of ectodermal tissue that occurs in the line of embryonic fusion. In which vaginal dermoid cyst is a sporadic condition, documented less than ten in literature. Fistula-in-ano is a well-known clinical entity with variable aetiology, an extension of the blind tract, and a variation of treatment in the protocol. A 42-year-old female presented with complaints of pain in the perianal region aggravated during defecation, along with dropwise bleeding in the last 2 days. On examination, late second-degree pile mass at 11 ‘O’clock, induration between 12 to 1 ‘O’ clock with hard swelling in the vaginal wall and internal opening at 12 ‘O’clock. As there was no abnormality detected in PV except a hard mass at the posterior vaginal wall. Diagnostic findings revealed the collection of abscesses in the perineum and cystic enlargement in the posterior vaginal wall, possibly due to an infected Bartholin cyst. The patient was operated on for fistula-in-ano and a biopsy of the cystic swelling at the vaginal wall. The swelling was surgically removed during the operation, and cheesy white stuff emerged. After the sac was sent for a biopsy, the benign squamous epithelium in the histopathology report confirmed the dermoid cyst diagnosis. The patient got complete relief from pain in the perianal region within six weeks of treatment. Vaginal dermoid cysts though rarest of rare, must be kept for differential diagnosis of vaginal cysts, which is a common occurrence in anterior fistula-in-ano.
AYURVEDIC STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING PRE-DIABETES: A CASE STUDY
Authors: S Vishnu , UP Sowmyashree , G Gopala Krishna
Published: December 2024

Pre-diabetes has a high prevalence, with early detection essential to facilitate optimal management to prevent the development of conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Pre-diabetes can include impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1C. The American Diabetes Association defines pre-diabetes as having an HbA1C level of 5.7-6.4%, distinguishing it from normal levels below 5.7%. According to Ayurvedic principles, the Vata and Kapha dosha are involved in this condition. Various Ayurvedic medicines are mentioned in Ayurvedic classics regarding regularly maintaining glucose levels. A 43-year-old male patient who had no clinical condition of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, incidental finding of HbA1C level in the pre-diabetes range and complaints of weakness and numbness over bilateral upper limbs for 8 months. Additionally, the patient experienced altered mood, loss of interest and increased stress for 6 months. Pre and post-assessment of glycaemic parameters (HbA1C, FBS, and PPBS) lipid profiles were done. The major outcome of this case is a greater reduction of HbA1C from inadequate control to close to every day. Marked changes were observed in weight, BMI and waist circumference. This case showed the effectiveness of Ayurveda interventions and lifestyle modifications in reducing insulin resistance and helping to maintain glycemic parameters. In addition, the patient could withstand his diabetic profile in normal.
OPTIMIZING GUT HEALTH: THE ROLE OF NABHI MARMA (NAVEL VITAL POINT) STIMULATION IN CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE
Authors: Verma Hemendra Kumar , Kumar Ramesh , Sharma Mahendra Kumar , Sharma Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

The human gut, often referred to as the “second brain,” plays a crucial role in a person's overall well-being. There is a growing interest in integrating ancient Indian sciences with modern pharmaceutical systems, such as Marma Chikitsa (Marma Therapy), which includes Nabhi Marma (the vital point at the navel). This review paper aims to discuss key aspects of Nabhi Marma (the crucial point at the navel) and its relevance to modern medicine. The research involved the use of published articles from PubMed and Google Scholar to establish the effectiveness of Nabhi Marma stimulation, its mechanisms, and its compatibility with modern medical practices. The paper considered the historical and anatomical perspectives of Nabhi Marma, as well as recent research findings, which indicated that stimulation of Nabhi Marma may affect gut motility, enzyme secretion, gut-brain axis, and bacterial flora composition. Proposed mechanisms include the modulation of the autonomic nervous system, activation of the enteric nervous system, neuroendocrine activity, and psychological factors. The results suggest potential benefits of incorporating Marma (vital points) therapy into integrative medical models, promoting interprofessional collaboration, and considering individualized medical treatment concepts. Nabhi Marma stimulation may be used as a complementary approach for treating functional gastrointestinal disorders and post-treatment care. Further extensive studies should be conducted in the future to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of ozone auto-probing and to understand their underlying effects on the gut and microbiome.
Novel Study of Reaction Kinetics and Mass Transfer in Bioreactor Modelling: Prediction of Bioethanol Fermentation Performance by Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Continuous Fixed Bed Biofilm Plug Flow Reactor
Authors: Aslan Christian , Devianto Hary , Wonoputri Vita , Harimawan Ardiyan
Published: December 2024

Bioethanol implementation as a renewable fuel has yielded economic, social, and environmental benefits, including reduced fossil fuel consumption, enhanced energy diversity and supply security, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and support for agricultural communities. These impacts underscore the importance of advancing innovation and optimizing processes to increase bioethanol production. Therefore, basic knowledge of chemical engineering in bioethanol fermentation is important to be learnt as a preliminary study, such as reaction kinetics and transport phenomena. This work studies the reaction kinetics and mass transfer in continuous fixed bed biofilm plug flow reactor modelling to predict anaerobic Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation performance, which is still not studied comprehensively. This modelling provides an overview of the influence of various independent variables, namely temperature, initial substrate concentration, cell concentration, superficial flow rate, reactor diameter, and solid particle diameter on various dependent variables, namely final product concentration, residence time, reactor length, reactor volume, product productivity, and pressure drop. The most sensitive parameters related to product productivity are temperature and cell concentration, so in its implementation, the temperature must be controlled at its optimum temperature, and the inoculum must be prepared with high cell concentration. For the next study, it is recommended to study the optimization of reactor design and operation (i.e. the pumping system, cooling system, and pH control of the reactor) and the implementation of the reactor on the plant scale. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Designing Non‐Centrosymmetric Molecular Crystals: Optimal Packing May Be Just One Carbon Away
Authors: Valdivia‐Berroeta Gabriel A. , Jackson Erika W. , Kenney Karissa C. , Wayment Adam X. , Tangen Isaac C. , Bahr Charles B. , Smith Stacey J. , Michaelis David J. , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: October 2019

Molecular nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals feature important advantages compared to inorganic counterparts, such as low dielectric constants, ultrafast response times, and large electro‐optic coefficients. Conjugated push–pull chromophores connecting electron‐donating with accepting groups are often employed in the design of these crystals. However, associated large molecular dipole moments induce antiparallel or centrosymmetric conformations in the solid‐state, which leads to NLO inactivity. The cation–anion hydrogen bond interactions of a hydroxy‐piperidino electron donor group are combined with increased van der Waals volume effects induced by an ethyl modification of the electron‐accepting moiety. This produces non‐centrosymmetric packing in the organic salt EHPSI‐4NBS ((E)‐1‐ethyl‐2‐(4‐(4‐(hydroxymethyl)piperidin‐1‐yl)styryl)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐3H‐indol‐1‐ium 4‐nitrobenzenesulfonate). Converting a methyl group into ethyl changes the packing symmetry in the molecular crystal to switch on NLO activity. This behavior is attributed to the increased size of the ethyl group, which pushes apart the van der Waals contacts of the cation that lead to centrosymmetric packing in the methyl derivative. To test the NLO properties of EHPSI‐4NBS, THz generation experiments are performed at 1200 nm pump wavelength. Spectral amplitude similar to DAST ((E)‐4‐(4‐(dimethylamino)styryl)‐1‐methylpyridin‐1‐ium tosylate) crystal is observed with generation profile from 0 to 3.8 THz.
Recent Progress and Perspectives of Thermally Drawn Multimaterial Fiber Electronics
Authors: Loke Gabriel , Yan Wei , Khudiyev Tural , Noel Grace , Fink Yoel
Published: October 2019

Fibers are the building blocks of a broad spectrum of products from textiles to composites, and waveguides to wound dressings. While ubiquitous, the capabilities of fibers have not rapidly increased compared to semiconductor chip technology, for example. Recognizing that fibers lack the composition, geometry, and feature sizes for more functions, exploration of the boundaries of fiber functionality began some years ago. The approach focuses on a particular form of fiber production, thermal‐drawing from a preform. This process has been used for producing single material fibers, but by combining metals, insulators, and semiconductors all within a single strand of fiber, an entire world of functionality in fibers has emerged. Fibers with optical, electrical, acoustic, or optoelectronic functionalities can be produced at scale from relatively easy‐to‐assemble macroscopic preforms. Two significant opportunities now present themselves. First, can one expect that fiber functions escalate in a predictable manner, creating the context for a “Moore's Law” analog in fibers? Second, as fabrics occupy an enormous surface around the body, could fabrics offer a valuable service to augment the human body? Toward answering these questions, the materials, performance, and limitations of thermally drawn fibers in different electronic applications are detailed and their potential in new fields is envisioned.
Interface Engineering in Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Weiyin , Li Peizhou , Chen Jinbo , Ran Chenxin , Wu Zhaoxin
Published: October 2019

As a rising star of lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PCSs), tin‐based PSCs have drawn much attention and made promising progress during the past few years. Notably, interfaces in the tin‐based PSCs device have great impacts on performance enhancements. In this Review, the authors first demonstrate why the interface is especially crucial for tin‐based PSCs device. It is proposed that the engineering of i) interface between perovskite grains in the film and ii) interface within the PSCs device are of great significance on the improvement of device functionality and stability. Then, the up‐to‐date studies on interface engineering of tin‐based PSCs are reviewed, including the following strategies: i) passivation of trap states; ii) modification of interfacial layers; iii) construction of 2D/3D structure. At last, a future perspective and remaining challenges in this field are given, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of interfaces in tin‐based PSCs and give some new thoughts on interface engineering for efficient PSCs device.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Electrophilic Fluoroalkanesulfinylation of Electron‐Rich (Het)Arenes with Fluoroalkyl Heteroaryl Sulfones via C(Het)−S and S=O Bond Cleavage
Authors: Wei Jun , Bao Kun , Qi Chengcheng , Liu Yao , Ni Chuanfa , Sheng Rong , Hu Jinbo
Published: October 2019

A novel Ph2P(O)Cl‐mediated direct fluoroalkanesulfinylation of electron‐rich (het)arenes using fluoroalkyl heteroaryl sulfones as the RfSO source (Rf=C4F9, CF2Cl, CF2Br, and CF2COOEt) was developed. This is the first example where 2‐HetSO2Rf performs as the RfSO synthon in organic synthesis via both C(Het)−S and S=O bond cleavage.

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Access to Functionalized 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,2‐Dioxolanes under Mild Conditions through Indium(III) Chloride/Trimethylsilyl Chloride or Scandium(III) Triflate Catalysis
Authors: Pinet Alexis , Figadère Bruno , Ferrié Laurent
Published: October 2019

Herein we report the use of catalytic amount of scandium(III) triflate or indium(III) chloride (with trimethylsilyl chloride) for the functionalization of endoperoxyacetals through Sakurai or Mukaiyama reactions. These catalysts allow milder and more practical conditions than those previously reported with improvements in scope and reproducibility. This method allows a full catalytic sequence from cyclopropanols to produce desired functionalized 1,2‐dioxolanes.

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Reversible Electronic Solid–Gel Switching of a Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Gladisch Johannes , Stavrinidou Eleni , Ghosh Sarbani , Giovannitti Alexander , Moser Maximilian , Zozoulenko Igor , McCulloch Iain , Berggren Magnus
Published: October 2019

Conjugated polymers exhibit electrically driven volume changes when included in electrochemical devices via the exchange of ions and solvent. So far, this volumetric change is limited to 40% and 100% for reversible and irreversible systems, respectively, thus restricting potential applications of this technology. A conjugated polymer that reversibly expands by about 300% upon addressing, relative to its previous contracted state, while the first irreversible actuation can achieve values ranging from 1000–10 000%, depending on the voltage applied is reported. From experimental and theoretical studies, it is found that this large and reversible volumetric switching is due to reorganization of the polymer during swelling as it transforms between a solid‐state phase and a gel, while maintaining percolation for conductivity. The polymer is utilized as an electroactive cladding to reduce the void sizes of a porous carbon filter electrode by 85%.
Reduced‐order modeling of flow and concentration polarization in membrane systems with permeation
Authors: Chan Foo Sheng , Tan Chee Keong , Ratnayake Pesila , Liang Yong Yeow
Published: October 2019

Modeling of concentration polarization (CP) is important to ensure a successful membrane system design. Although computational fluid dynamics (CFD) remains a common approach to study CP, it usually requires a long computational time to investigate a short simulated time in membrane systems. In this work, we proposed a reduced‐order model to predict CP in membrane systems with permeation. We modify Berman's velocity profile and incorporated it to the reduced‐order model of the mass‐transfer equation. The proposed model shows excellent agreement with CFD results, while offering a reduction of two orders of magnitude in computational time. We also validate the model with published experimental data and demonstrate that the model can predict permeate flux in close proximity under various operating conditions. The proposed model offers an attractive alternative to solving the full Navier–Stokes and mass‐transfer equations, and opens the possibility to further investigate various approaches to reduce concentration polarization.
Ecophysiological differentiation between two invasive species ofCarpobrotuscompeting under different nutrient conditions
Authors: Campoy Josefina G. , Roiloa Sergio R. , Santiso Xabier , Retuerto Rubén
Published: October 2019

Premise

Hybridization between the South African invasive speciesCarpobrotus edulisandC. acinaciformisin Europe has led to the formation of highly aggressive morphotypes referred to in the scientific literature as the new large “hybrid swarm”C. aff.acinaciformis. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether the taxonomic differentiation between taxa coincides with ecophysiological differentiation. With this aim, we tested for differences between both morphotypes in functional traits related to competitive ability and resource‐use efficiency. Assuming that the complex hybridC. aff.acinaciformisis more vigorous, depends more strongly on vegetative reproduction, and invests less in sexual reproduction thanC. edulis, we predicted that the hybrid would show higher competitive ability and better physiological performance compared with the species.

Methods

We used a comparative ecophysiological approach to assess the extent to which twoCarpobrotusmorphotypes coexisting in northwestern Spain differ in physiological, reproductive, and growth traits when competing under different soil nutrients in controlled greenhouse conditions.

Results

C. aff.acinaciformishad a greater relative growth rate and water‐use and photochemical efficiencies compared toC. edulis. However,C. edulisappeared to be more responsive to incremental change in soil nutrients thanC. aff.acinaciformis. They also differed in the amount of resources invested in reproduction.

Conclusions

The study findings demonstrate that the taxonomic differentiation between taxa corresponds to ecophysiological differentiation, warranting a detailed examination of all existing trades‐offs to predict the long‐term outcomes of the interaction between these taxa.
Iron‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Inter‐ and Intramolecular Aerobic Oxidative Dearomatizing Spirocyclization of 2‐Naphthols
Authors: Oguma Takuya , Doiuchi Daiki , Fujitomo Chisaki , Kim Chungsik , Hayashi Hiroki , Uchida Tatsuya , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: October 2019

Highly chemo‐ and enantioselective inter‐ and intra‐molecular oxidative dearomatizing spirocyclization of 1‐alkyl‐2‐naphthols with O2 as the hydrogen acceptor was achieved using an iron catalyst. In the iron complex 1‐catalyzed reaction, 1‐methyl‐2‐naphthols 2 in the presence of phenol derivatives as the nucleophile was selectively oxidized, producing the spirocyclic ketones with good to high enantioselectivities via a tandem strategy. Pre‐synthesized 1,1′‐methylbis(arenol)s 6 and 7, intermediates of the tandem strategy were also converted to the desired products with chemo‐ and enantioselectivity.
Relationship between the depressive state of emergency life‐saving technicians and near‐misses
Authors: Honno Katsumi , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa
Published: October 2019

Aim

A depressive state is a key risk factor for medical errors made by emergency life‐saving technicians (ELSTs). However, no study has examined the occurrence of near‐misses in ELSTs. We investigated the association between a depressive state and near‐misses among ELSTs.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was undertaken in 345 ELSTs using an anonymous self‐administered questionnaire. The main exposure was a depressive state that was measured using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. For the main outcome, near‐miss events, we calculated odds ratios (OR) of depressive states, adjusted for age and work‐related factors by multivariable logistic regression. For exploratory purposes, we also undertook secondary analyses to determine whether work‐related factors were associated with a depressive state.

Results

We obtained 254 responses. Compared to ELSTs without a depressive state, the adjusted OR for near‐misses among ELSTs with a mild depressive state was 3.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–7.16; P = 0.007), and that among ELSTs with a moderate or greater depressive state was 5.29 (95% CI, 1.46–19.09; P = 0.011). For a depressive state, in the exploratory analyses, the OR of nap duration while on duty for less than 2 h was 3.34 (95% CI, 1.15–9.67; P = 0.027), that for irregular mealtime while on duty was 3.71 (95% CI, 2.00–6.86; P < 0.001), and that for a duration of desk work of 4 h or longer was 2.21 (95% CI, 1.15–4.25; P = 0.017).

Conclusion

A depressive state was significantly associated with the occurrence of near‐misses among ELSTs. That a depressive state among ELSTs was related to nap duration and excessive office work indicates that improved management of the work environment and operations of ELSTs is necessary for the provision of safe emergency medical services.
The Cytotoxic Natural Product Vioprolide A Targets Nucleolar Protein 14, Which Is Essential for Ribosome Biogenesis
Authors: Kirsch Volker C. , Orgler Christina , Braig Simone , Jeremias Irmela , Auerbach David , Müller Rolf , Vollmar Angelika M. , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: October 2019

Novel targets are needed for treatment of devastating diseases such as cancer. For decades, natural products have guided innovative therapies by addressing diverse pathways. Inspired by the potent cytotoxic bioactivity of myxobacterial vioprolides A–D, we performed in‐depth studies on their mode of action. Based on its prominent potency against human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, we conducted thermal proteome profiling (TPP) and deciphered the target proteins of the most active derivative vioprolide A (VioA) in Jurkat cells. Nucleolar protein 14 (NOP14), which is essential in ribosome biogenesis, was confirmed as a specific target of VioA by a suite of proteomic and biological follow‐up experiments. Given its activity against ALL cells compared to healthy lymphocytes, VioA exhibits unique therapeutic potential for anticancer therapy through a novel mode of action.
Polymer‐clay nanocomposite hydrogels for molecular irrigation application
Authors: Rezazadeh Behnam , Sirousazar Mohammad , Abbasi‐Chianeh Vahid , Kheiri Farshad
Published: October 2019

Novel nanocomposite hydrogel pipes on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol and montmorillonite (MMT) clay were prepared via a cyclic freezing–thawing technique and designed for subsurface irrigation in the agricultural sector with extraordinarily reduced water consumption. The results showed that the prepared nanocomposite hydrogel pipes had an exfoliated morphology with improved mechanical and thermal properties. It was shown that the gel contents of nanocomposite hydrogel pipes were increased by increasing the loading level of MMT and, in contrast, the swelling and drying abilities decreased. The water permeation and irrigating performances of the prepared pipes were investigated at the laboratory scale by taking into account the effects of the MMT loading levels in nanocomposite hydrogels and the thickness of pipes. The results indicated a significant decrease in water consumption in nanocomposite hydrogel pipes compared to the pure hydrogel pipe. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48631.
Characteristics of effective marine protected areas in Hawaiʻi
Authors: Friedlander Alan M. , Donovan Mary K. , Koike Haruko , Murakawa Paul , Goodell Whitney
Published: October 2019

Ancient Hawaiians developed sophisticated natural resource management systems that included various forms of spatial management.

The state of Hawaiʻi established its first legislated marine protected area (MPA) in 1953, and today there exists a patchwork of spatial marine management strategies along a range of sizes, with varying levels of governance, enforcement, and effectiveness.

Approximately 12% of waters within the 50 m depth contour and 5% of waters within state jurisdiction (≤3 nmi) have some form of marine management. No‐take areas make up <0.5% of nearshore waters, and combined with highly protected areas account for 3.4% of this habitat. Most of the existing MPAs are small, with a median area of 1.2 km2 (confidence interval 0.2–8.1).

Twenty‐five datasets, representing 1,031 individual surveys conducted throughout Hawaiʻi since 2000, were used to compare fish assemblage characteristics amongst a subset of MPAs using a regulation‐based protection classification scheme.

Fully and highly protected areas had significantly greater resource fish biomass than areas with intermediate or low protection did. High human population density adjacent to MPAs had a negative influence on fish trophic structure within MPAs, whereas remote MPAs harboured higher fish biomass. Complex and heterogeneous habitats were important contributors to MPA effectiveness.

Long‐term monitoring of select MPAs showed mixed and complex trajectories. Resource fish biomass increased after the establishment of the Hanauma Bay Marine Life Conservation District in 1967 but plateaued after ~15 years, followed by changes in assemblage structure from fish feeding and invasive species. The Pūpūkea Marine Life Conservation District, established in 1983, was expanded sevenfold in 2003 and showed dramatic increases in resource fish biomass following increased protection.

This information is critical to improving effectiveness of existing MPAs, helping inform ongoing efforts to implement a network of MPAs statewide, and aiding in the development of comprehensive statewide marine spatial planning.
Surfing and marine conservation: Exploring surf‐break protection as IUCN protected area categories and other effective area‐based conservation measures
Authors: Scheske Christel , Arroyo Rodriguez Mara , Buttazzoni Juan Esteban , Strong‐Cvetich Nik , Gelcich Stefan , Monteferri Bruno , Rodríguez Luis Felipe , Ruiz Manuel
Published: October 2019

The expansion of surfing as a multibillion‐dollar industry and sport has, on the one hand, increased awareness about threats posed to marine and coastal environments, but has also brought growing acknowledgement of the environmental, cultural and economic value that surfing provides. This has been accompanied by a growing movement of surfers and related stakeholders (e.g. communities and manufacturers that rely on the surf tourism and industry for income) that seek to protect surf breaks. This paper argues that certain emblematic surf breaks should be protected not only for their value to surfers, but also for the ecosystem services they provide and other benefits for marine conservation.

Through a series of case studies from Peru, Chile and the USA, the paper discusses how, in areas where there is significant biodiversity or iconic seascapes, surf breaks can be integrated with marine conservation. Suggestions are given regarding the International Union for Conservation of Nature categories of protected areas that are most appropriate for such cases.

The paper also explores how, in certain cases, several existing surf‐break protection mechanisms could qualify as other effective area‐based conservation measures, including Chile's proposed TURF–surf model, the international World Surfing Reserves, and Peru's Ley de Rompientes. In this way, certain surf‐break protection mechanisms could help contribute to countries' progress towards achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11.

Overall benefits of marine conservation groups and surfers joining forces are discussed, including how this can help reduce negative impacts of the sport on natural ecosystems.
Jeffamine‐Based Polymers for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Aldalur Itziar , Armand Michel , Zhang Heng
Published: October 2019

Rechargeable batteries are important building blocks for a sustainable and electrified society thanks to their strong capability of storing electrical energies under chemical forms. JEFFAMINE®, a series of polyetheramines (PEAs) currently produced by Huntsman Corporation, has been emerging as a promising candidate for accessing high‐performance electrolytes and other cell components of rechargeable batteries. In this review, a brief history of the Jeffamine‐type PEAs and the synthetic chemistry of the Jeffamine‐based polymers are presented. The main applications of the Jeffamine‐based polymers in rechargeable batteries are discussed and highlighted, including various kinds of polymer electrolytes, polymeric binders, redox‐active materials, and interfacial layers stemming from the Jeffamine‐type PEAs. Lastly, future directions on the rational design of Jeffamine‐based materials are provided with the aim of improving the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries.
Multiplex Gene Disruption by Targeted Base Editing of Yarrowia lipolytica Genome Using Cytidine Deaminase Combined with the CRISPR/Cas9 System
Authors: Bae Sang‐Jeong , Park Beom Gi , Kim Byung‐Gee , Hahn Ji‐Sook
Published: October 2019

The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has a tendency to use the non‐homologous end joining repair (NHEJ) over the homology directed recombination as double‐strand breaks (DSB) repair system, making it difficult to edit the genome using homologous recombination. A recently developed Target‐AID (activation‐induced cytidine deaminase) base editor, designed to recruit cytidine deaminase (CDA) to the target DNA locus via the CRISPR/Cas9 system, can directly induce C to T mutation without DSB and donor DNA. In this study, this system is adopted in Y. lipolytica for multiplex gene disruption. Target‐specific gRNA(s) and a fusion protein consisting of a nickase Cas9, pmCDA1, and uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor are expressed from a single plasmid to disrupt target genes by introducing a stop codon via C to T mutation within the mutational window. Deletion of the KU70 gene involved in the NHEJ prevents the generation of indels by base excision repair following cytidine deamination, increasing the accuracy of genome editing. Using this Target‐AID system with optimized expression levels of the base editor, single gene disruption and simultaneous double gene disruption are achieved with the efficiencies up to 94% and 31%, respectively, demonstrating this base editing system as a convenient genome editing tool in Y. lipolytica.
Anti‐hyperuricemia activity and toxicity prediction of a novel xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor
Authors: Zhou Liping , Wei Baxiong , Wu Lvying , Li Jing , Zhu Bin , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2019

A potent xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor (LS087) was recently proved to exhibit a similar hypouricemic potency to febuxostat. A hyperuricemia model induced by potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine was proposed in specific pathogen‐free male Kunming mice, and the serum urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid levels were measured after oral administration of LS087. Furthermore, renal histopathology was conducted by staining with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid–Schiff and Masson's trichrome stains, respectively. The results showed that the levels of serum urea nitrogen and uric acid significantly decreased compared with the model group, but the level of creatinine showed no significant changes. The pathological abnormalities in kidney tubules were improved after LS087 administration. Ten metabolites (M1–M10) of LS087 were identified after a single oral dosing of 10 mg/kg in rats. M6 was the primary LS087 metabolitein vivowith a pathway of methylation. The toxicity and potential risks of LS087 and its metabolites were predicted using the ProTox‐II software. LS087 and the major metabolites (M2, M3, M5, M6, M7 and M8) were predicted to have no potential hepatotoxicity, but some metabolites with a total rate of <1% (M1, M4, M9, and M10) showed potential hepatotoxicity. M1 and M8 showed potential carcinogenicity. The LS087 biotransformation pathway in rat was well characterized.
PGC‐1α inhibits polyamine metabolism in Cyclin E1‐driven ovarian cancer
Authors: Guo Ting , Li Bin , Gu Chao , Chen Xiuying , Han Mengxin , Liu Xiaocheng , Xu Congjian
Published: October 2019

Aim

Cyclin E1‐driven ovarian cancer (OvCa) is characterized with metabolic shift. In this study, we aim to pinpoint the metabolic pathway altered and assess its therapeutic potential.

Methods

In silico reproduction of TCGA ovarian cancer dataset and functional annotation using GSEA was performed. Candidate metabolic pathway was validated using in vitro and in vivo assays.

Results

From TCGA database, we found that polyamine metabolism was significantly enriched in Cyclin E1‐driven OvCa. Expressions of SMS, SRM, and ODC1 were positively correlated with that of CCNE1, respectively. ODC1 and SMS expressions were significantly correlated with decreased immune infiltrates. PGC‐1α silencing significantly decreased invasion and migration in both OvCa cell lines. Both spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased when PGC‐1α was silenced. Targeting SRM significantly decreased spermine level in OVCAR3 cells, which was rescued when PGC‐1α was silenced. Silencing of PGC‐1α resulted in increased SRM in both OvCa cells. Dinaciclib significantly decreased invasion and migration of OVCAR3 cells. Expressions of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 were predominantly in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. Dinaciclib showed no notable effect of PD‐1 yet substantially induced the increased levels of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2.

Conclusion

Cyclin E1‐driven OvCa is characterized with activated polyamine synthesis, which is associated with decreased cancer immunity. Targeting polyamine and CDK2 may therefore sensitize this genotype to immune checkpoint blockade.
Competing‐risks model for predicting the prognosis of penile cancer based on the SEER database
Authors: Yang Jin , Pan Zhenyu , He Yujing , Zhao Fanfan , Feng Xiaojie , Liu Qingqing , Lyu Jun
Published: October 2019

Objectives

This study performed a competing‐risks analysis using data from the SEER database on penile cancer patients with the aim of identifying more accurate prognostic factors.

Methods

Data on patients with penile cancer were extracted from the SEER database. A univariate analysis used the cumulative incidence function and Gray's test, while multivariate analysis was performed using the Fine‐Gray model. Cumulative hazards were compared with a competing‐risks model constructed using Kaplan‐Meier estimation.

Results

The multivariate Fine‐Gray analysis indicated that being black (HR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.10‐2.07, P = .01), AJCC stage II (HR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.36‐2.77, P < .001), AJCC stage III (HR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.34‐2.91, P < .001), tumor size > 5 cm (HR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.33‐3.72, P < .05), and TNM stages N1 (HR = 2.49, 95%CI: 1.71‐3.61, P < .001), N2 (HR = 3.25, 95%CI: 2.18‐4.84, P < .001), N3 (HR = 5.05, 95%CI: 2.69‐9.50, P < .001), and M1 (HR = 2.21, 95%CI: 1.28‐3.84, P < .05) were statistically significant. The results obtained using multivariate Cox regression were different, while Kaplan‐Meier curve analysis led to an overestimation of the cumulative risk of the patient.

Conclusions

This study established a competing‐risks analysis model for the first time based on the SEER database for the risk assessment of penile cancer patients. The results may help clinicians to better understand penile cancer and provide these patients with more appropriate support.
Intramuscular myxoma of the deltoid muscle in a swimmer: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Adamonis Saulius , Enodien Bassey , Taha‐Mehlitz Stephanie , Maurer Andreas , Taha Anas
Published: October 2019

Intramuscular myxoma (IM) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with the incidence of one per 1 000 000 people and is reported greater among women. Our case reports an IM of a deltoid muscle in a young man. Differential diagnosis with sarcoma is important. Surgery is the treatment of choice usually without recurrence.
Modeling the Pyrolysis of a Centimeter‐Sized Biomass Particle
Authors: Shi Xiaogang , Gao Jinsen , Lan Xingying
Published: October 2019

Finite element modeling was performed to study the pyrolysis of centimeter‐sized biomass particles. The model proved to be accurate in predicting the intraparticle heat transfer during the pyrolysis of biomass particles at different operating conditions and for various particle properties. It was further applied to find the dominant factors of biomass physical properties influencing biomass pyrolysis, especially when the product distribution was considered. Simulation results indicate that biomass density and initial moisture content mainly affect the conversion time while have a limited effect on product distribution. With larger particle size the conversion time increases significantly. Higher tar yield with lower yields of char and non‐condensable gases were predicted at smaller particle size, indicating that the product distribution can be adjusted partially based on appropriate selection of particle size.
Highly Porous FexMnOy Microsphere as an Efficient Cathode Catalyst for Microbial Electrosynthesis of Volatile Fatty Acids from CO2
Authors: Tabish Noori Md , Min Booki
Published: October 2019

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) can efficiently convert CO2 into valuable chemicals. A biocathode, which plays central role in MES process, is expected to have very high surface area and catalytic activity to derive the cathodic reaction flawlessly. In this study, a highly porous bimetallic FexMnOy (x=1, 2 and y=3, 4) microsphere was synthesized and applied as cathode catalyst in a single chamber MES. MES having FexMnOy exhibited higher net acetate production rate (204 mM/m2d) and coulombic efficiency (58 %) than the MES without catalyst (180 mM/m2d and 34 %). The excellent performance of MES with FexMnOy was attributed to the high Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area (around 278 m2/g) with rough surface and efficient electron transfer from cathode to microorganism promoted by FexMnOy complex. The cathode with FexMnOy reduced charge transfer resistance by ∼70 % and enhanced the exchange current density by 7.2‐times compared to plain cathode. This study suggests that FexMnOy can be used as the highly efficient and low‐cost catalyst on cathode of scaled up MESs.
Estate planning among older Americans: The moderating role of race and ethnicity
Authors: Choi Shinae L. , McDonough Ian M. , Kim Minjung , Kim Giyeon
Published: October 2019

This study investigated whether race and ethnicity moderated the associations of bequest expectations to leave an inheritance and charitable giving with having a valid will among older Americans. Drawn from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study, we analyzed 13,261 respondents using multilevel logistic regression with generalized linear mixed models. People with higher bequest expectations and more charitable giving were more likely to have a valid will. Ethnic minorities had much lower bequest expectations and much less charitable giving than non‐Hispanic Whites, controlling for socioeconomic indicators. Hispanics showed a stronger effect of bequest expectations but a weaker effect of charitable giving on having a valid will compared with non‐Hispanic Whites. Our findings reveal novel racial and ethnic disparities in engagement in estate planning among older adults and suggest alternative means are needed to promote interest in estate planning in later life depending on one's racial and ethnic background.