bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAMBATAN PENEMUAN KASUS TUBERKULOSIS DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Kinanti Mita Praba , Hakiki Risma Nur , Handayani Yolanda
Published: May 2023

Latar Belakang: Covid-19 menjadi pandemi yang berdampak pada penyakit lain seperti TB. Global TB Report 2020 memperkirakan dari 10 juta orang yang diperkirakan terkena TB, sekitar 3 juta tidak terdiagnosis atau tidak dilaporkan. Jurnal ini dibuat untuk mengetahui hambatan penemuan kasus TB saat pandemi Covid-19.Metode: Metode penelitian menggunakan systematic literature review dari jurnal internasional dan nasional yang berasal dari database Pubmed dan Scopus. Kriteria inklusi yang dignakan adalah penelitian antara tahun 2020-2021, metode jurnal cross-sectional, deskriptif dan eksperimental. Dari database ditemukan total 27 jurnal di awal dan menjadi 3 jurnal yang layak untuk dianalisis.Hasil: Adanya pengalihan prioritas seluruh kebijakan, logistik, SDM, anggaran dan pelayanan kesehatan diperuntukkan untuk mengatasi Pandemi Covid-19. Ditambah dengan penutupan wilayah mengakibatkan banyak negara dengan beban TB yang besar mengalami peningkatan signifikan kasus TB yang tidak terdeteksi. Selain itu, stigma, informasi yang salah dan tumpang tindih gejala non spesifik TB dengan komorbiditas kronis lainnya turut menyumbang hambatan penemuan kasus.Kesimpulan: Seluruh sistem kesehatan dialihkan untuk mengatasi pandemi Covid-19. Beberapa upaya direkomendasikan WHO untuk meningkatkan penemuan kasus TB selama pandemi, upaya ini akan berhasil apabila didukung dengan kesadaran dan pemahaman pasien akan keluhan dan gejala TB, akses fasilitas kesehatan yang memadai dan tenaga kesehatan kompeten dalam melakukan pemeriksaan serta promosi kesehatan.Kata Kunci: Penemuan Kasus, Tuberkulosis, Pandemi, Covid-19
Dukungan Sosial dan Stress Reduction pada Ibu Hamil di Era Pandemi COVID-19: Studi Pendekatan Literature Review
Authors: Setiawan Hery , Pratomo Hadi , Nafilata Ikrimah , Yuliana Roma
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has restricted human activities or a person's mobilization. Activity restrictions can make people experience psychological disorders, including pregnant women. This certainly makes it easier for pregnant women to experience stress and the lack of direct social support by those closest to them during the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to examine social support and stress reduction for pregnant women in maintaining health during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Search literature using journal databases, namely Science Direct, Scopus, and Proquest. The journal search strategy aims to retrieve research articles that are by the research topic so that 9 journal articles are discussed in this study. The results of this research study found that social support is important for pregnant women by the closest people such as husbands, family, and friends. Social support can be provided through virtual support to improve the quality of life of pregnant women. Activities for pregnant women that can reduce stress include communicating with others, physical activity, seeking entertainment, rest, alternative therapy, nature recreation, doing home activities such as cooking, doing favorite hobbies, organizing (including studying, preparing for the arrival of the baby), and controlled eating/drinking activities.
DAMPAK COVID-19 PADA PENEMUAN KASUS TUBERKULOSIS DAN HASIL PENGOBATAN TUBERKULOSIS DI BALKESMAS WILAYAH SEMARANG
Authors: Putri Anandya Serviana , Handayani Sri
Published: May 2023

Covid-19 pada Maret 2020 dinyatakan sebagai Pandemi di Dunia negara Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan sebagai upaya pencegahan Covid-19. Sehingga Pandemi Covid-19 ini mengganggu pengendalian TB di negara-negara yang memiliki beban kasus TB yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis Dampak pandemi Covid-19 pada Penemuan Kasus Tuberkulosis berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin,Umur,Asal,Rujukan,Tipe Diagnosis TB,Jenis TB, Riwayat HIV,Hasil Mikroskopis sebelum pengobatan,Hasil TCM sebelum pengobatan,Hasil Mikroskopis akhir pengobatan,Hasil tes HIV,dan Hasil Pengobatan berdasarkan analisis data sekunder pasien TB di Balkesmas Wilayah Semarang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik checklist data sekunder. Jumlah populasi dan sampel sama yaitu 157 Pasien TB di Balkesmas Wilayah Semarang dengan total sampling berdasarkan jumlah pasien TB tahun 2019 dan 2020. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square menggunakan SPSS versi 22. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Jenis Kelamin, Umur, Asal Pasien TB, Rujukan, Tipe Diagnosis TB, Jenis Pasien TB, Klasifikasi Riwayat HIV, Hasil Mikroskopis sebelum pengobatan, Hasil Mikroskopis sebelum pengobatan, Hasil Tes HIV, Hasil Pengobatan sebelum Covid-19 dengan saat Covid-19 tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan, hanya Hasil TCM sebelum pengobatan ada perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum Covid-19 dengan saat Covid-19 (pvalue: 0,00 < 0,05). Kata Kunci : Dampak Covid-19, Penemuan Kasus Tuberkulosis, Hasil Pengobatan Tuberkulosis
Hubungan Literasi TBC dengan Stigma Tuberkulosis Masyarakat di Kelurahan Pekunden Semarang
Authors: Manglapy Yusthin Meriantti , Fani Tiara , Sabata Lice , Minarso Dani
Published: May 2023

Community TB stigma is one of the obstacles to seeking TB treatment. Therefore it is necessary to know how the role of health literacy in TB disease against TB stigma.An observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted to measure the relationship between TB literacy and TB stigma. The number of respondents in this study was 102, who live in Pekunden Village and aged >= 18 years were taken incidentally. TB literacy and TB stigma were measured using interviews using a questionnaire.The results showed that 70.6% of respondents were female, most were 47 years old, 54% were unemployed, and 79.4% had heard of TB information before. As many as 48% of respondents are in the problematic and inadequate literacy category. As many as 48% of respondents gave a negative TB stigma. Spearman's rank test results with a 95% confidence level showed a relationship between TB literacy and tuberculosis stigma (p=0.0001; r=0.344)The prevention carried out becomes an action that is considered a stigma for the community. Follow-up is needed to see from the perspective of TB literacy and the behavior of TB patients.
Sticky Biomedical Objects: Affective Circulations in Twitter Discussions about Medicinal Cannabis
Authors: Kjær Katrine Meldgaard
Published: May 2023

This article combines qualitative and quantitative methods to examine affectivity in discussions on Twitter about the first years of a pilot programme for medicinal cannabis in Denmark. Starting in 2018, the pilot programme has been the object of much public discussion, including on social media. Drawing on data from the platform Twitter and affect theory from Sara Ahmed (2010 , 2014 ), the article uses a combination of computational methods and close readings to locate and analyse which topics in the debate are particularly affectively charged and what the implications of this affectivity are. The article argues that the circulation of affect here is rooted in wider negotiations and hierarchies of knowledge as this relates to medicine and bodies. In particular, ideas and discourses relating to evidence are circulated in the debate as an object of varying articulations of hopes, dreams, and frustration.
Comparison of Horizontal blaCTX-M Gene Transfer via Conjugation among Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection, Their Animals and Environment
Authors: Mwakyoma Adam A. , Kidenya Benson R. , Minja Caroline A. , Mushi Martha F. , Sandeman Alison , Sabiti Wilber , Holden Mathew T. G , Mshana Stephen E.
Published: May 2023

Background: The dissemination of the extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli poses a significant public health problem. Understanding the efficiency and frequency of horizontal gene transfer via conjugation of ESBL producing E. coli is imperative towards devising prevention and control measures. This study compared the frequencies and efficiencies of horizontal blaCTX-M gene transfer via conjugation among Escherichia coli isolates from urine and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), their animals and environment.

Methods: Horizontal blaCTX-M gene transfer via conjugation by a broth mating experiment was performed using 50 confirmed ESBL producing E. coli isolates as donors and Escherichia coli J53 (F−, met, pro, Azr), as the recipient. The transconjugants were detected and their frequencies and efficiencies of conjugation were measured and compared between ESBL producing E. coli isolates multi-sourced from urine, GIT, animals and
environment. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all resulting transconjugants was performed. DNA was extracted from all transconjugants to confirm the presence and the acquisition of blaCTX-M gene.

Results: Out of 50 ESBL producing E. coli isolates harboring blaCTX-M gene, 37 (74.0%) successfully exercised horizontal gene transfer through conjugation. All transconjugants were confirmed phenotypically and genotypically by PCR. Of note, all of the isolates from environment 100.0% (7/7) performed conjugation, exhibiting the highest transfer efficiency, followed by isolates from urine and animals, with the conjugation
transfer efficiency of 77.8% (14/18) and 76.1% (10/13), respectively. The isolates from the environment conjugated with a significant more efficiency than those from the GIT [Two-sample test of proportions; p-value = 0.0119]. The overall conjugation transfer frequencies ranged from 0.4 × 10-14 – 5.5 × 10-11 per donor cells with the highest median conjugation transfer frequency observed among isolates from animal (3.23 × 10-12 [IQR: 0.70 × 10-12 – 7.22 × 10-12]) followed by that of isolates from the environment (1.60 × 10-12 [IQR: 0.30 × 10-12 – 5.0 × 10-12]).

Conclusion: ESBL producing E. coli from human, animals and environment exercises horizontal blaCTX-M gene transfer efficiently with the highest occurrence among isolates from the environment and animals. The antimicrobial resistance control and prevention strategies should be widened up to explore strategies to prevent horizontal AMR gene transfer.
Liver-targeting MRI contrast agent based on galactose functionalized o-carboxymethyl chitosan
Authors: Xu Li , Ren Zhanying , Li Guolin , Xu Danni , Miao Jiaqian , Ju Jingxuan , Mo Xuan , Wang Xianghui , Deng Hongping , Xu Min
Published: May 2023

Commercial gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) play important role in clinical diagnostic of hepatocellular carcinoma, but their diagnostic efficacy remained improved. As small molecules, the imaging contrast and window of GBCAs is limited by low liver targeting and retention. Herein, we developed a liver-targeting gadolinium (Ⅲ) chelated macromolecular MRI contrast agent based on galactose functionalized o-carboxymethyl chitosan, namely, CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n, to improve hepatocyte uptake and liver retention. Compared to Gd-DTPA and non-specific macromolecular agent CS-(Gd-DTPA)n, CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n showed higher hepatocyte uptake, excellent cell and blood biocompatibility in vitro. Furthermore, CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n also exhibited higher relaxivity in vitro, prolonged retention and better T1-weighted signal enhancement in liver. At 10 days post-injection of CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n at a dose of 0.03 mM Gd/Kg, Gd had a little accumulation in liver with no liver function damage. The good performance of CS-Ga-(Gd-DTPA)n gives great confidence in developing liver-specifc MRI contrast agents for clinical translation.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)/Cas12a assay for detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato
Authors: Fan Zhiyu , Mei Yuxia , Xing Jiawei , Chen Tian , Hu Di , Liu Hui , Li Yingjun , Liu Derui , Liu Zufeng , Liang Yunxiang
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by the aerobic, Gram-negative pathogenic species Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) is a major disease impacting commercial agriculture worldwide. Asian phylotype I of RS is the cause of tomato bacterial wilt, which has caused severe economic losses in southern China for many years. An urgent priority in control of bacterial wilt is development of rapid, sensitive, effective methods for detection of RS.

Methods: We describe here a novel RS detection assay based on combination of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and CRISPR/Cas12a. crRNA1, with high trans-cleavage activity targeting hrpB gene, was selected out of four candidate crRNAs. Two visual detection techniques, involving naked-eye observation of fluorescence and lateral flow strips, were tested and displayed high sensitivity and strong specificity.

Results and Discussion: The LAMP/Cas12a assay accurately detected RS phylotype Ⅰ in 14 test strains, and showed low detection limit (2.0 × 100 copies). RS in tomato stem tissue and soil samples from two field sites with suspected BW infection was identified accurately, suggesting potential application of LAMP/Cas12a assay as point-of-care test (POCT). The overall detection process took less than 2 h and did not require professional lab equipment. Our findings, taken together, indicate that LAMP/Cas12a assay can be developed as an effective, inexpensive technique for field detection and monitoring of RS.
How might we build limbs in vitro informed by the modular aspects and tissue-dependency in limb development?
Authors: Tsutsumi Rio , Eiraku Mototsugu
Published: May 2023

Building limb morphogenesis in vitro would substantially open up avenues for research and applications of appendage development. Recently, advances in stem cell engineering to differentiate desired cell types and produce multicellular structures in vitro have enabled the derivation of limb-like tissues from pluripotent stem cells. However, in vitro recapitulation of limb morphogenesis is yet to be achieved. To formulate a method of building limbs in vitro, it is critically important to understand developmental mechanisms, especially the modularity and the dependency of limb development on the external tissues, as those would help us to postulate what can be self-organized and what needs to be externally manipulated when reconstructing limb development in vitro. Although limbs are formed on the designated limb field on the flank of embryo in the normal developmental context, limbs can also be regenerated on the amputated stump in some animals and experimentally induced at ectopic locations, which highlights the modular aspects of limb morphogenesis. The forelimb-hindlimb identity and the dorsal-ventral, proximal-distal, and anterior-posterior axes are initially instructed by the body axis of the embryo, and maintained in the limb domain once established. In contrast, the aspects of dependency on the external tissues are especially underscored by the contribution of incoming tissues, such as muscles, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves, to developing limbs. Together, those developmental mechanisms explain how limb-like tissues could be derived from pluripotent stem cells. Prospectively, the higher complexity of limb morphologies is expected to be recapitulated by introducing the morphogen gradient and the incoming tissues in the culture environment. Those technological developments would dramatically enhance experimental accessibility and manipulability for elucidating the mechanisms of limb morphogenesis and interspecies differences. Furthermore, if human limb development can be modeled, drug development would be benefited by in vitro assessment of prenatal toxicity on congenital limb deficiencies. Ultimately, we might even create a future in which the lost appendage would be recovered by transplanting artificially grown human limbs.
Two new species of Scytinostroma (Russulales, Basidiomycota) in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Qiu-Yue , Liu Hong-Gao , Bian Lu-Sen , Chen Qian
Published: May 2023

Two new species of Scytinostroma viz. S. acystidiatum and S. macrospermum, are described from southwest China. Phylogeny based on ITS + nLSU dataset demonstrates that samples of the two species form two independent lineages and are different in morphology from the existing species of Scytinostroma. Scytinostroma acystidiatum is characterized by resupinate, coriaceous basidiomata with cream to pale yellow hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal structure with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, the absence of cystidia, and amyloid, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.7–7 × 3.5–4.7 μm. Scytinostroma macrospermum is characterized by resupinate, coriaceous basidiomata with cream to straw yellow hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal structure with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, numerous cystidia embedded or projecting from hymenium, and inamyloid, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 9–11 × 4.5–5.5 μm. The differences between the new species and morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are discussed.
Trends in surgical aortic valve replacement in pre- and post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement eras at a structural heart center
Authors: Norton Elizabeth L. , Ward Alison F. , Tully Andy , Leshnower Bradley G. , Guyton Robert A. , Paone Gaetano , Keeling William B. , Miller Jeffrey S. , Halkos Michael E. , Grubb Kendra J.
Published: May 2023

Background

The advent of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has directly impacted the lifelong management of patients with aortic valve disease. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved TAVR for all surgical risk: prohibitive (2011), high (2012), intermediate (2016), and low (2019). Since then, TAVR volumes are increasing and surgical aortic valve replacements (SAVR) are decreasing. This study sought to evaluate trends in isolated SAVR in the pre- and post-TAVR eras.

Methods

From January 2000 to June 2020, 3,861 isolated SAVRs were performed at a single academic quaternary care institution which participated in the early trials of TAVR beginning in 2007. A formal structural heart center was established in 2012 when TAVR became commercially available. Patients were divided into the pre-TAVR era (2000–2011, n = 2,426) and post-TAVR era (2012–2020, n = 1,435). Data from the institutional Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database was analyzed.

Results

The median age was 66 years, similar between groups. The post-TAVR group had a statistically higher rate of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure, more reoperative SAVR, and lower STS Predicted Risk of Mortality (PROM) (2.0% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.0001). There were more urgent/emergent/salvage SAVRs (38% vs. 24%) and fewer elective SAVRs (63% vs. 76%), (p < 0.0001) in the post-TAVR group. More bioprosthetic valves were implanted in the post-TAVR group (85% vs. 74%, p < 0.0001). Larger aortic valves were implanted (25 vs. 23 mm, p < 0.0001) and more annular enlargements were performed (5.9% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.0001) in the post-TAVR era. Postoperatively, the post-TAVR group had less blood product transfusion (49% vs. 58%, p < 0.0001), renal failure (1.4% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.0001), pneumonia (2.3% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.01), shorter lengths of stay, and lower in-hospital mortality (1.5% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.0007).

Conclusion

The approval of TAVR changed the landscape of aortic valve disease management. At a quaternary academic cardiac surgery center with a well-established structural heart program, patients undergoing isolated SAVR in the post-TAVR era had lower STS PROM, more implantation of bioprosthetic valves, utilization of larger valves, annular enlargement, and lower in-hospital mortality. Isolated SAVR continues to be performed in the TAVR era with excellent outcomes. SAVR remains an essential tool in the lifetime management of aortic valve disease.
The role of noncoding genetic variants in cardiomyopathy
Authors: Htet Myo , Lei Shunyao , Bajpayi Sheetal , Zoitou Asimina , Chamakioti Myrsini , Tampakakis Emmanouil
Published: May 2023

Cardiomyopathies remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Environmental risk factors and genetic predisposition account for most cardiomyopathy cases. As with all complex diseases, there are significant challenges in the interpretation of the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathy-associated genetic variants. Given the technical improvements and reduced costs of DNA sequence technologies, an increasing number of patients are now undergoing genetic testing, resulting in a continuously expanding list of novel mutations. However, many patients carry noncoding genetic variants, and although emerging evidence supports their contribution to cardiac disease, their role in cardiomyopathies remains largely understudied. In this review, we summarize published studies reporting on the association of different types of noncoding variants with various types of cardiomyopathies. We focus on variants within transcriptional enhancers, promoters, intronic sites, and untranslated regions that are likely associated with cardiac disease. Given the broad nature of this topic, we provide an overview of studies that are relatively recent and have sufficient evidence to support a significant degree of causality. We believe that more research with additional validation of noncoding genetic variants will provide further mechanistic insights on the development of cardiac disease, and noncoding variants will be increasingly incorporated in future genetic screening tests.
NET-(works) in arterial and venous thrombo-occlusive diseases
Authors: Zdanyte Monika , Borst Oliver , Münzer Patrick
Published: May 2023

Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETosis), accompanied by the release of extracellular decondensed chromatin and pro-inflammatory as well as pro-thrombotic factors, is a pivotal element in the development and progression of thrombo-occlusive diseases. While the process of NETosis is based on complex intracellular signalling mechanisms, it impacts a wide variety of cells including platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. Consequently, although initially mainly associated with venous thromboembolism, NETs also affect and mediate atherothrombosis and its acute complications in the coronary, cerebral and peripheral arterial vasculature. In this context, besides deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, NETs in atherosclerosis and especially its acute complications such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke gained a lot of attention in the cardiovascular research field in the last decade. Thus, since the effect of NETosis on platelets and thrombosis in general is extensively discussed in other review articles, this review focusses on the translational and clinical relevance of NETosis research in cardiovascular thrombo-occlusive diseases. Consequently, after a brief summary of the neutrophil physiology and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NETosis are presented, the role of NETosis in atherosclerotic and venous thrombo-occlusive diseases in chronic and acute settings are discussed. Finally, potential prevention and treatment strategies of NET-associated thrombo-occlusive diseases are considered.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in the era of novel therapeutic agents- meta-analysis
Authors: Kolben Yotam , Hirsh Raccah Bruria , Koev Ivelin , Luria David , Amir Offer , Biton Yitschak
Published: May 2023

Background

Evidence regarding the mortality benefit of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) is inconsistent. The most recent randomized study, the DANISH trial, did not find improved outcomes with ICD. However, based on previous studies and meta-analyses, current guidelines still highly recommend ICD implantation in NIDCM patients. The introduction of novel medications for heart failure improved the clinical outcome dramatically. We aimed in this study to evaluate the effect of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNi) and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on the mortality benefit of ICD in NIDCM.

Methods

We used a previous metanalysis algorithm and added an updated comprehensive literature search in PubMed for randomized control trials that examined the mortality benefit of ICD in NIDCM vs. optimal medical treatment. The primary outcome included death from any cause. We did a meta-regression analysis to search for a single independent factor affecting mortality. Using previous data, we evaluated the theoretical effect of ICD implementation on patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors and ARNi.

Results

No new articles were added to the results of the previous meta-analysis. 2,622 patients with NIDCM from 5 cohort studies published between 2002 and 2016 were included in the analysis. 50% of them underwent ICD implantation for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death, and 50% did not. ICD was associated with a significantly decreased risk for death from any cause compared to control (OR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.66–0.95, p = 0.01, I2 = 0%). The theoretical addition of ARNi and the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin did not change the significant mortality effect of ICD (OR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.7–0.9, p = 0.001, I2 = 0%) and (OR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.7–0.9, p = 0.001, I2 = 0%). A meta-regression revealed no association between death from any cause and left bundle branch block (LBBB), use of amiodarone, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers, year initiated enrollment, and the year ended enrollment (R2 = 0.0).

Conclusion

In patients with NIDCM, the addition of ARNi and SGLT2i did not affect the mortality advantages of ICD for primary prevention.

PROSPERO registry number

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42023403210.
Personalization strategies in digital mental health interventions: a systematic review and conceptual framework for depressive symptoms
Authors: Hornstein Silvan , Zantvoort Kirsten , Lueken Ulrike , Funk Burkhardt , Hilbert Kevin
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Personalization is a much-discussed approach to improve adherence and outcomes for Digital Mental Health interventions (DMHIs). Yet, major questions remain open, such as (1) what personalization is, (2) how prevalent it is in practice, and (3) what benefits it truly has.

Methods

We address this gap by performing a systematic literature review identifying all empirical studies on DMHIs targeting depressive symptoms in adults from 2015 to September 2022. The search in Pubmed, SCOPUS and Psycinfo led to the inclusion of 138 articles, describing 94 distinct DMHIs provided to an overall sample of approximately 24,300 individuals.

Results

Our investigation results in the conceptualization of personalization as purposefully designed variation between individuals in an intervention's therapeutic elements or its structure. We propose to further differentiate personalization by what is personalized (i.e., intervention content, content order, level of guidance or communication) and the underlying mechanism [i.e., user choice, provider choice, decision rules, and machine-learning (ML) based approaches]. Applying this concept, we identified personalization in 66% of the interventions for depressive symptoms, with personalized intervention content (32% of interventions) and communication with the user (30%) being particularly popular. Personalization via decision rules (48%) and user choice (36%) were the most used mechanisms, while the utilization of ML was rare (3%). Two-thirds of personalized interventions only tailored one dimension of the intervention.

Discussion

We conclude that future interventions could provide even more personalized experiences and especially benefit from using ML models. Finally, empirical evidence for personalization was scarce and inconclusive, making further evidence for the benefits of personalization highly needed.

Systematic Review Registration

Identifier: CRD42022357408.
Active faults studies in Delhi and national capital region (NCR): Inferences from satellite data and field investigations
Authors: Dhali Mitthu , Gadhavi Mahendrasinh S. , Mohan Kapil , Narayana Pitta Poorvi , Malik Javed N.
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi has experienced several earthquakes ranging in magnitude from 1.0 to 6.7. According to the last 50 years of earthquake data, the majority of earthquakes in the NCR have occurred near the Mahendragarh Dehradun Fault (MDF) and the Sohna Fault (SF). The region is bounded by a number of subsurface Ridges, Faults, and Lineaments, which are also influenced by the active plate boundary of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Active fault mapping is critical for the precise identification and marking of active fault traces in the NCR area for a precise seismic hazard assessment. We used high resolution Cartosat-1 stereopair data obtained from NRSC, Hyderabad, and Anaglyph (A 3D representation of the surface) and DEM prepared with ENVI software to map the active faults. We identified 12 sites in the NCR region based on satellite data interpretation, primarily along the MDF and Sohna Fault and their extensions. The presence of tectono-geomorphic markers along the MDF and Sohna Fault, such as warped surfaces indicative of fault scarps, stream offsets, gully erosion, and sag ponds, suggests active tectonic movement along these faults, most likely in the recent geological past. We believe the MDF is a right-lateral strike-slip fault with a compressional component on the western side and an extensional component on the eastern side. It acts as a segment boundary between compressional and extensional boundaries. We also identified the right lateral Nuh-Jhirka fault (NJF), which can be the Sohna Fault’s southern extension from Nuh to Jhirka. The western limb of the Delhi Mega fold has also seen a few right-lateral strike-slip movements that have extended up to the eastern bank of the Yamuna River, where the river reflects the base-level change and tight meandering on its upward side and a straight pattern on its downward side. This fault is known as the Delhi Fault (DF). The findings are preliminary, and further research would be required to create a detailed active fault map of the Delhi-NCR region to conduct a precise Seismic Hazard Assessment (SHA) of the region.
A dynamic learning method based on the Gaussian process for tunnel boring machine intelligent driving
Authors: Long Haitao , Lu Xiangqian , Ma Chunchi , Li Tianbin , Yan Wenjin , Zhang Hang , Dai Kunkun
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The application of intelligent learning methods to the mining of characteristics and rules of time-series data has gained increasing attention with the rapid development of deep learning. One critical application of such methods is the intelligent assistant driving of tunnel boring machines (TBMs), for which the optimization of driving parameters is essential to improve construction efficiency. However, existing prediction models for TBM parameters are “static” and cannot dynamically capture parameter evolution during real-time driving cycles.

Methods: In this study, we propose a novel dynamic learning model for TBM parameters by introducing the Gaussian process to address this problem. The model can learn decision-making experiences from historical driving cycles, dynamically update the model based on small sample data from current driving cycles, and simultaneously achieve driving parameter prediction. We focused on real-time prediction of TBM parameters in a tunnel project in western China.

Results: The results show that the average relative errors of predicted total thrust and torque values were 1.9% and 2.7%, respectively, and the prediction accuracy was higher than that of conventional models such as random forest and long short-term memory. The model fully exploited updating of small samples of parameters, reducing the average time cost of the model to 29.7 s, which satisfies the requirements of efficient application.

Discussion: The dynamic learning strategy of time-series data adopted in this study provides a reference for other similar engineering applications. The proposed model can improve the prediction accuracy of TBM parameters, thus facilitating the optimization of driving parameters and enhancing the construction efficiency of tunnels.

Conclusion: In summary, this study establishes a dynamic learning model of TBM parameters that can dynamically capture parameter evolution and achieve accurate real-time driving parameter prediction. The proposed model can contribute to the development of intelligent assistant driving of TBMs and similar engineering applications.
Geological-geotechnical investigations of the historical Diriyah urban zone in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: an integrated approach
Authors: Abdelrahman Kamal , Hazaea Saddam Ali , Almadani Sattam A.
Published: May 2023

One hundred seventy geotechnical boreholes, two geo-seismic profiles of multichannel analyses of surface waves (MASW), and two geoelectrical cross-sections of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were carried out in the historical Diriyah urban zone. The borehole samples were analyzed for the geotechnical parameters of the standard penetration test (SPT N-value), the rock quality designation (RQD), and compressive strength (CS). Moreover, P- and S-wave velocities have been calculated. The measured SPT N-value has been corrected to amend the N60 parameter. According to the corrected N60, type, lithological, and soil profiles were divided into five distinct subsurface layers. It is indicated, for all recorded depths, these sediments become denser with depth where the values of N60 increase from 5 to 88 downward. According to grain size distribution, the major part of soil sites is composed of sand and varies from low to medium compressibility. The estimated RQD values range from 5 to 100 indicating rocks with significant variations in their geotechnical and physio-chemical characteristics. Furthermore, the compressive strength varies widely between 152.3 and 1,104.2 kg/cm2, which represents diverse geodynamic behavior under civil engineering constructions. Besides, the range of soil stiffness is indicated by the Shear-wave velocity (Vs) for soil layers, which varies from 171.3 to 456.2 m/s. According to the findings of the MASW profiles, the shear wave velocity is shown to be decreasing in MASW profile 1 between depths of 8 and 14 m, where the values range from 1,000 to 1,500 m/s, indicating a weak zone filled with secondary materials. But line 2 shows how the shear wave velocity decreased from depths of 5 m–11 m, where values ranged from 1,000 to 1,500 m/s, thus indicating a weak zone. The low resistivity zones in ERT cross-sections, which are found at the same depths in MASW profiles, are well associated with these findings. It can be concluded that there are a number of weak zones with varying depths, shapes, and dimensions found in the historical Diriyah urban zone’s near-surface deposits that civil engineers, urban planners, and urban developers should consider before undertaking any construction or developmental work involving civil engineering.
The magic mirror: a novel intraoperative monitoring method for parathyroid glands
Authors: Yuan Yue , Li Xiao , Bao Xin , Huangfu Mingmei , Zhang Hong
Published: May 2023

The accurate detection of parathyroid glands (PGs) during surgery is of great significance in thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy, which protects the function of normal PGs to prevent postoperative hypoparathyroidism and the thorough removal of parathyroid lesions. Existing conventional imaging techniques have certain limitations in the real-time exploration of PGs. In recent years, a new, real-time, and non-invasive imaging system known as the near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) imaging system has been developed to detect PGs. Several studies have confirmed that this system has a high parathyroid recognition rate and can reduce the occurrence of transient hypoparathyroidism after surgery. The NIRAF imaging system, like a magic mirror, can monitor the PGs during surgery in real time, thus providing great support for surgeries. In addition, the NIRAF imaging system can evaluate the blood supply of PGs by utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) to guide surgical strategies. The NIRAF imaging system and ICG complement each other to protect normal parathyroid function and reduce postoperative complications. This article reviews the effectiveness of the NIRAF imaging system in thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies and briefly discusses some existing problems and prospects for the future.
Case report: occupational acute poisoning caused by the accidental release of lambda-cyhalothrin
Authors: Guo Lanlan , Zhou Zhiqiang , Dai Ping , Zhang Tongyue , Genjiafu Aerbusili , Jian Tianzi , Wen Zixin , Zhao Liwen , Li Qilu , Jian Xiangdong
Published: May 2023

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a new-generation pyrethroid II insecticide that is neurotoxic. Most domestic and international reported cases are of oral poisoning, whereas few cases of inhalation and skin absorption poisoning have been reported. Here, we report the case of a 46-year-old man who was poisoned via dermal absorption and inhalation due to the rupture and leakage of the lambda-cyhalothrin pipeline. The patient developed a skin burning sensation, eyeball pain, and upper-limb tremor after exposure. After admission, the patient developed cough, sputum expectoration, chest tightness, and other symptoms. Lung computerized tomography indicated double pneumonia and the patient's electroencephalogram result was abnormal; the patient's condition improved after treatment.
Salient ingredients for direct water reclamation from treated municipal wastewater for potable reuse: Diepsloot Township case study
Authors: Nemadodzi Lufuno , Sikhwivhilu Keneiloe , Jalama Kalala , Moothi Kapil , Bambo Mokae , Mutanga Shingirirai , Siame John
Published: May 2023

Across the world population growth, expansion of economic activities and climate change have become a concern for future water supply. To address the issue, many countries are investigating strategies to augment current water supplies. Water reclamation has been identified as a plausible sustainable solution to meet potable water supply demand, in turn achieving SDG 6.3. This study identifies some of the critical success factors for consideration of municipal waste water reclamation. This was undertaken in the growing township of Diepsloot, in Johannesburg (South Africa). Diepsloot is densely populated with over 350,000 people as recorded in 2022. As a result, water shortages are common due to insufficient bulk water facilities to supply the area. A direct potable water reclamation plant from treated municipal wastewater has been proposed to augment the water supply. Aqueous Material Balance (AqMB)®, a process modelling simulator software for water treatment processes to predict water quality and quantity, was used to design and simulate the water reclamation plant process. Our findings show that, the quantity and quality of water, as well as the choice of treatment technology are key. The simulations treatment process proposed here-in indicated successful removal of the contaminants to acceptable SANS 241:2015 drinking water standards. The variation in seasonal feed data did not show any difference in the performance of the proposed process. Furthermore, the plant has the potential to provide 109 L/day of clean water per person for a population of 350,000. Therefore, direct potable water reclamation shows great potential to augment current water supply to support growing populations where natural water sources are scarce.
Experimental and DFT study of GO-decorated CaO quantum dots for catalytic dye degradation and bactericidal potential
Authors: Khan Mahreen , Ikram Muhammad , Haider Ali , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Ullah Hameed , Shahzadi Iram , Khan Sherdil , Kanoun Mohammed Benali , Goumri-Said Souraya , Medina Francisco , Nabgan Walid
Published: May 2023

This research lays the groundwork for preparing graphene oxide (GO)-doped CaO nanocomposites for efficient antibacterial potential and dye degradation. The study aimed to reduce the recombination rate of the electron hole (e−/h+) of CaO and improve charge transfer. This issue can be minimized by doping high-surface area GO into CaO quantum dots (QDs). Herein, the one-pot co-precipitation technique has prepared various concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt%) of GO-doped CaO. Characterization techniques were used to investigate optical, elemental analysis, microstructural, functional, and morphological properties. The addition of GO into QDs showed excellent catalytic activity (CA) to control sample CaO against methylene blue (MB) in basic and acidic media compared to the neutral media. The synergistic effect of morphological alternation attributed to an increase in the mechanism of CA upon doping. Various concentrations of GO to QDs promised remarkable bactericidal potency against Escherichia coli.
PD-1 inhibitors-based second-line therapy for metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Gou Miaomiao , Zhang Yong , Wang Zhikuan , Dai Guanghai
Published: May 2023

Background

Metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) patients with progression on first-line treatment still have poor outcomes on chemotherapy. The KEYNOTE-061 study demonstrated that pembrolizumab, a PD-1inhibitor, was not better than paclitaxel as second-line therapy for MGC. Herein, we explored the efficacy and safety of PD-1inhibitor based treatment for MGC patients in the second line.

Methods

In this observational, retrospective study, we enrolled MGC patients treated with anti-PD-1 based therapy as second-line in our hospital. We primarily assessed the treatment’s efficacy and safety. We also evaluated the relationship between clinical features and outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

We enrolled 129 patients with an objective response rate (ORR) of 16.3% and a disease control rate (DCR) of 79.1%. Patients treated with PD-1inhibitor combined with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents had ORR of 19.6% and higher DCR of 94.1%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.10 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 7.60 months. In univariate analysis, patients treated with PD-1inhibitor combined with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents and with prior anti-PD-1 history were significantly associated with favorable PFS and OS. In the multivariate analysis, different combination therapy and prior anti-PD-1 history were independent prognosis biomarkers for PFS and OS. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 28 (21.7%) patients. Common adverse events (AEs) included fatigue, hyper/hypothyroidism, neutrophil decrease, anemia, skin reactions, proteinuria, and hypertension. We did not observe treatment-related deaths.

Conclusion

Our current results indicated that PD-1-inhibitor and chemo-anti-angiogenic agents combination therapy and prior PD-1 treatment history might improve clinical activity for GC immunotherapy as second-line treatment with acceptable safety profiles. Further studies are needed to verify those outcomes for MGC in other centers.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals developmental deficiencies in both the placentation and the decidualization in women with late-onset preeclampsia
Authors: Yang Jing , Gong Lili , Liu Qiming , Zhao Huanqiang , Wang Zekun , Li Xiaotian , Tian Weidong , Zhou Qiongjie
Published: May 2023

Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Although increasing lines of evidence suggest that both the placenta and the decidua likely play roles in the pathogenesis of PE, the molecular mechanism of PE remains elusive partly because of the heterogeneity nature of the maternal-fetal interface. In this study, we perform single-cell RNA-seq on the placenta and the decidual from patients with late-onset PE (LOPE) and women in normal pregnancy. Analyses of single-cell transcriptomes reveal that in LOPE, there are likely a global development deficiency of trophoblasts with impaired invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) and increased maternal immune rejection and inflammation in the placenta, while there are likely insufficient decidualization of decidual stromal cells (DSC), increased inflammation, and suppressed regulatory functions of decidual immune cells. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PE.
Serum IL-23, IL-10, and TNF-α predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Smail Shukur Wasman , Babaei Esmaeil , Amin Kawa , Abdulahad Wayel H.
Published: May 2023

Objective

The hyperinflammatory response, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the most common cause of death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The etiopathogenesis of this illness is not fully understood. Macrophages appear to play a key part in COVID-19’s pathogenic effects. Therefore, this study aims to examine serum inflammatory cytokines associated with the activation state of macrophages in COVID-19 patients and attempt to find accurate predictive markers for disease severity and mortality risk in hospital.

Methods

180 patients with COVID-19 and 90 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. Patients were divided into three different subgroups, mild (n=81), severe (n=60), and critical groups (n=39). Serum samples were collected and IL (Interleukin)-10, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) were determined by ELISA. In parallel, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using colorimetric and electrochemiluminescence methods, respectively. Data were collected, and their associations with disease progression and mortality were assessed using regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

Compared to HCs, a significant increase in IL-23, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and MCP-1, were observed in COVID-19 patients. Serum levels of IL-23, IL-10, and TNF-α were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with critical cases compared to mild and severe cases, and correlated positively with CRP level. However, non-significant changes were found in serum MPO and CCL3 among the studied groups. Moreover, significant positive association has been observed among increased IL-10, IL-23 and TNF-α in serum of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression model was applied to predict death’s independent factors. Results showed that IL-10 alone or in combination with IL23 and TNF-α are strongly linked with non-survivors in COVID-19 patients. Finally, ROC curve results uncovered that IL-10, IL-23 and TNF-α were excellent predictors for prognosing COVID-19.

Conclusion

The elevations of IL-10, IL-23, and TNF-α levels were seen in severe and critical cases of COVID-19 patients and their elevations were linked to the in-hospital mortality of the disease. A prediction model shows that the determination of these cytokines upon admission is important and should be done on COVID-19 patients as a way of evaluating the prognosis of the disease. COVID-19 Patients with high IL-10, IL-23, and TNF-α on admission are more likely to experience a severe form of the disease; therefore, those patients should be cautionary monitored and treated.