bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why a special look at women?
Authors: Prekel Truida
Published: January 2020

Women in employment in South Africa are viewed from four perspectives: The South African economy and its need for capable and skilled people; the employer and existing needs, practices and policies; the social environment at work and at home and typical traditions, misunderstandings, stereotypes and conflicts; and problems generally experienced by working women. Some statistics indicate trends regarding employment of women, also in management positions; the attention of employers is focused on many forms of unconscious, even well-meant discrimination; the role of culture in determining male and female attitudes regarding the roles of women, and the recent polarization of men and women due to extremism and lack of understanding, are discussed. The problems experienced by working women are mostly culture-based, but some are vested in the women themselves, and others in the environment. All these aspects must be understood by women and by employers if the vast potential of women is to be utilized in South Africa.Vroue in die arbeidsmag in Suid-Afrika word vanuit vier oogpunte beskou: Die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie en die behoefte aan bekwame, geskoolde mense; die werkgewer en bestaande behoeftes, praktyk en beleid; die sosiale omgewing by die werk en tuis en tipiese tradisies, wanbegrippe, stereotiepe en konflikte; en probleme wat algemeen deur werkende vroue ondervind word. Sekere statistieke dui neigings in indiensneming van vroue aan, ook in bestuursposte; werkgewers se aandag word gevestig op baie vorms van onbewuste, selfs goed-bedoelde diskriminasie; die rol van kultuur in die bepaling van mans en vroue se houdings oor die rolle van vroue word bespreek, asook die onlangse polarisering van mans en vroue weens ekstremisme en gebrek aan begrip. Die probleme wat werkende vroue ondervind, berus meestal op kultuur, maar sommige le in die vroue self, terwyl ander in die omgewing voorkom. Al hierdie aspekte moet deur vroue en deur werkgewers begryp word as die waardevolle potensiaal van vroue in die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie benut moet word.
Die invloed van verbruikers se persepsie en bondings in die vorming van winkelbeeld
Authors: Jooste C. J.
Published: January 2020

The influence of consumer's perception and attitudes in forming retail store images. The consumer's image of a specific retail store is influenced by functional inputs such as the quality and variety of products, price policy, advertising, sales personnel, and external and internal appearance of the store. Several subjective forces are also active in the process of store image creation and are due to the consumer's individual evaluation of the above-mentioned functional forces. The operation of these subjective forces can be better understood if the factors that influence consumer behaviour such as motivation, perception, attitudes, learning experiences, personality, culture, social groups and the family are taken into account. In this article two of these subjective factors, namely perception and attitudes, are analysed to illustrate how the functional inputs are revised into a specific store image.br/Die beeld wat verbruikers van 'n kleinhandelsinstelling vorm, word deur bepaalde funksionele insette soos verskeidenheid en gehalte van voorraad, prysbeleid, advertensies, verkoopspersoneel, en eksterne en interne voorkoms van die winkel beinvloed. In die beeldvormingsproses is daar egter ook subjektiewe kragte werksaam wat grootliks te wyte is aan die verbruikers se individuele evaluasie van bogenoemde funksionele aspekte, en die kan beter begryp word indien gelet word op die faktore wat verbruikersgedrag beinvloed, byvoorbeeld behoeftes en motiewe, persepsle, houdings, leer-ervaring, persoonlikheid, kultuur, sosiale groepe en die gesin. In hierdie artikel word twee van hierdie subjektiewe faktore, naamlik persepsie en houdings, in meer detail ontleed om te illustreer hoe die funksionele insette verwerk word tot 'n bepaalde winkelbeeld.
The management of a dissertation
Authors: Urban Lombard B.
Published: January 2020

A doctoral thesis is generally speaking the first major and large project a student undertakes. In many instances the manner in which he or she goes about it is very unstructured and often very unorganized. The author describes a systematic approach in managing the activities necessary for the completion of a doctoral thesis.'n Doktorale proefskrif is in die algemeen gesproke die eerste groot projek wat 'n student onderneem. In baie gevalle is die wyse waarop sy of hy dit aanpak baie ongestruktureerd en dikwels ongeorganiseerd. Die skrywer beskryf 'n gesistematiseerde benadering in die bestuur van aktiwiteite wat nodig is vir die voltooiing van 'n doktorale proefskrif.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Compomer and Composite used for Restoring Primary Teeth
Authors: El Meligy Omar A. , Al Tuwirqi Amani A.
Published: January 2020

This study assessed different restorative materials in primary teeth over a one-year period. Sixty carious primary molars were selected from 30 patients; ages 5-10 years. Class I and II cavities were divided into four groups: Group I: 15 Class I cavities were restored with a compomer, Group II: 15 Class I cavities were restored with a resin composite, Group III: 15 Class II cavities were restored with a compomer and Group IV: 15 Class II cavities were restored with a resin composite. Each child had two teeth restored, one with compomer and the other with composite resin as control. Direct clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed by one examiner after 24 hours, 6- and 12-months. Indirect clinical evaluations were performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope after 24 hours and 12-months periodically. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed no significant differences between the compomer and resin composite at 6- and 12-months. Indirect clinical evaluation showed good marginal interfaces between the restorations and the tooth structure throughout the evaluation periods. Both materials presented significant clinical and radiographic performances in Class I and II restorations of primary molars after one year.
Multifocal Tuberculosis with Prolonged Paradoxical Reaction
Authors: Al-Ebrahim Ebrahim K. , Madani Tariq A.
Published: January 2020

This is a case report describing successful treatment of a challenging case of an 18-year old previously healthy high school male student with multifocal tuberculosis involving the spleen and mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes confirmed by histopathology of splenectomy tissue. The patient initially responded well to antituberculosis therapy with complete resolution of fever and improvement in his general health and weight. However, two months after initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy, the patient developed paradoxical reaction manifest as recurrence of fever that persisted for five months and was associated with enlargement of lymph nodes. The fever failed to abate with continuation of the same antituberculosis therapy. Despite reassurance that the fever was due to a prolonged paradoxical reaction, a decision was made by the family to seek advice in another hospital where lymphoma was excluded again by histopathological examination of an excisional lymph node biopsy that revealed caseating granulomatous lymphadenitis and negative tuberculosis stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction. The patient was continued on anti-tuberculosis therapy and treated with corticosteroids that resulted in complete resolution of fever and subsequent full recovery from his tuberculosis.
Effect of Temperature on Antimony Leaching from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) into Bottled Water
Authors: Al-Ser A. Al-Khatim Al-Ser A. Al-Khatim
Published: January 2020

In this research, the level of the heavy metal antimony (Sb) was assessed in seven PETE-bottled water brands, representing major producing firms in Jeddah city. On the same day samples brought from local superstores, each sample underwent 4-replicate analysis (as time-zero Sb level). Soon after analysis, bottles of each brand were tightly closed, divided into three subsets, stored for 2 months (23°C, 5°C, 50°C, respectively), then re-analyzed. ICP-OES was used for analysis. Sb ranged from 0.100 (time-zero) to 1.664-µg l-1. Compared with time-zero level, significant (p ? 0.05) effects of temperature on Sb level were observed. Reactivity to elevated temperature indicated a significant variation between some brands at 50° C. Although the outcomes of this study indicate that Sb levels increase with elevated temperature, such levels are well below the international MCLs, and are unlikely to exceed them under the standard storage conditions.
Causes of Occupational Accidents and Injuries in Construction Industry in Jeddah City
Authors: Emad Abukhashabah Emad Abukhashabah
Published: January 2020

This study identified the causes of accidents and injuries in the construction industry among 300 workers in Jeddah City, situated on the coast of the Red Sea of Saudi Arabia. Results from the questionnaire showed that the major cause of accidents and injuries is the lack of awareness about occupational safety and lack of experience among the workers (> 82%); and the most common type of accidents and injuries that occur in the construction industry, are workers falling from a height (>80%), and electrical shock (>60%). Recommendations to prevent accidents and injuries in this industry are provided in this paper.
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.): A Promising Nutritive Source for Livestock Feeding Supplements
Authors: Samir Attia Nagadi Samir Attia Nagadi
Published: January 2020

This study was carried out to evaluate and compare the nutritive characteristics and the amino acids and fatty acids profiles of four Mungbean verities from China, India, Pakistan and the local commercial mungbean seeds. The results showed that protein content ranged from 20.04 to 23.76% fat from 1.12 to 2.85%, fiber from 3.95 to 4.48%, ash from 3.61 to 4.77% and starch from 42.63 to 50.66%. China and Pakistan verities had the highest concentrations of eight amino acids. Pakistan variety was the highest rarity in the unsaturated fatty acids, whereas the local commercial seeds were the highest in saturated fatty acids content.
Simultaneous Measurement of Urban and Rural Single Particles in Beijing, Part I: Chemical Composition and Mixing State
Authors: Chen Yang , Cai Jing , Wang Zhichao , Peng Chao , Yao Xiaojiang , Tian Mi , Han Yiqun , Shi Guangming , Shi Zongbo , Liu Yue , Yang Xi , Zheng Mei , Zhu Tong , He Kebin , Zhang Qiang , Yang Fumo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Two single particle aerosol mass spectrometers (SPAMS) were deployed simultaneously at an urban and a rural site in Beijing during an intensive field campaign from 1st to 29th Nov 2016 to investigate the source and process of airborne particles in Beijing. In the first part of this research, we report the single-particle chemical composition, mixing state, and evolution at both sites. 96 % and 98 % of collected particles were carbonaceous at the urban and rural sites, respectively. Five particle categories, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), internal-mixed EC and OC (ECOC), potassium-rich (K-rich), and Metals were observed at both sites. The categories were partitioned into particle types depending on different atmospheric processing stages. Seventeen particle types were shared at both sites. In the urban area, nitrate-containing particle types, such as EC-Nit and ECOC-Nit, were enriched, especially at night; sulfate-containing particles were transported when wind speed was high; ECOC-Nit-Sul were mostly local-aged. In sum, these processed particles took up to 85.3 % in the urban areas. In the rural area, regional particles were abundant, but freshly emitted ECOC and OC had distinct patterns that were pronounced at cooking and heating time. Biomass burning, traffic, and coal burning were major sources of PM2.5 in both rural and urban areas. Besides, the particles from the steel industry located in the south were also identified. In summary, the chemical composition of urban and rural particle types was similar in Beijing; the urban particles were influenced significantly by rural processing and transport. The work is useful to understand the evolution of urban and rural particles in Beijing during winter.
Examining the atmospheric radiative and snow-darkening effects of black carbon and dust across the Rocky Mountains of the United States using WRF-Chem
Authors: Rahimi Stefan , Liu Xiaohong , Zhao Chun , Lu Zheng , Lebo Zachary J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. WRF-Chem is run to quantify the in-snow and atmospheric radiative effects of black carbon and dust (BCD, collectively) on a convective-allowing (4-km) grid for water year 2009 across a large area of the Rocky Mountains. The snow darkening effect (SDE) due to the deposition of BCD on surface snow accelerates the snowmelt by 3 to 12 millimeters during late spring and early summer, effectuating runoff increases (decreases) prior to (after) June. Meanwhile, aerosol radiation interactions (ARI) associated with BCD generally dim the surface from incoming solar energy, introducing an energy deficit at the surface and lead to snowpack preservation by 1 to 5 millimeters. Runoff alterations brought forth by BCD ARI are of opposite phase to those associated with BCD SDEs, and the BC SDE drives a majority of the surface energy and hydrological perturbations. More generally, changes in snow water equivalent (SWE) brought forth by BCD effects are due to perturbations to the surface energy budget and not initiated by changes in precipitation amount or type. It is also found that perturbations to the surface energy budget by dust ARI can differ in sign from those of BC ARI, with the former being positive across high-albedo surfaces, enhancing snow melting and changing runoff.
A new TROPOMI product for tropospheric NO2 columns over East Asia with explicit aerosol corrections
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Lin Jintai , Kong Hao , Boersma K. Folkert , Eskes Henk , Kanaya Yugo , He Qin , Tian Xin , Qin Kai , Xie Pinhua , Spurr Robert , Ni Ruijing , Yan Yingying , Weng Hongjian , Wang Jingxu
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We present a new product with explicit aerosol corrections, POMINO-TROPOMI, for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column densities (VCDs) over East Asia, based on the newly launched TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument with an unprecedented high horizontal resolution. Compared to the official TM5-MP-DOMINO (OFFLINE) product, POMINO-TROPOMI shows stronger concentration gradients near emission source locations and better agrees with MAX-DOAS measurements (R2 = 0.75, NMB = 0.8 % versus R2 = 0.68, NMB = 41.9 %). Sensitivity tests suggest that implicit aerosol corrections, as in TM5-MP-DOMINO, lead to underestimations of NO2 columns by about 25 % over the polluted Northern East China region. Reducing the horizontal resolution of a priori NO2 profiles would underestimate the retrieved NO2 columns over isolated city clusters in western China by 35 % but with overestimates by more than 50 % over many offshore coastal areas. The effect of a priori NO2 profiles is more important under calm conditions.
Lessons from a high CO2 world: an ocean view from ~ 3 million years ago
Authors: McClymont Erin L. , Ford Heather L. , Ho Sze Ling , Tindall Julia C. , Haywood Alan M. , Alonso-Garcia Montserrat , Bailey Ian , Berke Melissa A. , Littler Kate , Patterson Molly , Petrick Benjamin , Peterse Francien , Ravelo A. Christina , Risebrobakken Bjørg , De Schepper Stijn , Swann George E. A. , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Tierney Jessica E. , van der Weijst Carolien , White Sarah
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A range of future climate scenarios are projected for high atmospheric CO2 concentrations, given uncertainties over future human actions as well as potential environmental and climatic feedbacks. The geological record offers an opportunity to understand climate system response to a range of forcings and feedbacks which operate over multiple temporal and spatial scales. Here, we examine a single interglacial during the late Pliocene (KM5c, ca. 3.205 ± 0.01 Ma) when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were higher than pre-industrial, but similar to today and to the lowest emission scenarios for this century. As orbital forcing and continental configurations were almost identical to today, we are able to focus on equilibrium climate system response to modern and near-future CO2. Using proxy data from 32 sites, we demonstrate that global mean sea-surface temperatures were warmer than pre-industrial, by ~ 2.3 ºC for the combined proxy data (foraminifera Mg/Ca and alkenones), or by ~ 3.2 ºC (alkenones only). Compared to the pre-industrial, reduced meridional gradients and enhanced warming in the North Atlantic are consistently reconstructed. There is broad agreement between data and models at the global scale, with regional differences reflecting ocean circulation and/or proxy signals. An uneven distribution of proxy data in time and space does, however, add uncertainty to our anomaly calculations. The reconstructed global mean sea-surface temperature anomaly for KM5c is warmer than all but three of the PlioMIP2 model outputs, and the reconstructed North Atlantic data tend to align with the warmest KM5c model values. Our results demonstrate that even under low CO2 emission scenarios, surface ocean warming may be expected to exceed model projections, and will be accentuated in the higher latitudes.
MOMSO 1.0 – an eddying Southern Ocean model configuration with fairly equilibrated natural carbon
Authors: Dietze Heiner , Löptien Ulrike , Getzlaff Julia
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We present a new near-global coupled biogeochemical ocean-circulation model configuration. The configuration features a horizontal discretization with a grid spacing of less than 11 km in the Southern Ocean and gradually coarsens in meridional direction to more than 200 km at 64∘ N, where the model is bounded by a solid wall. The underlying code framework is the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)'s Modular Ocean Model coupled to the Biogeochemistry with Light, Iron, Nutrients and Gases (BLING) ecosystem model of Galbraith et al. (2010).
The configuration is unique in that it features both a relatively equilibrated oceanic carbon inventory and an eddying ocean circulation based on a realistic model geometry/bathymetry – a combination that has been precluded by prohibitive computational cost in the past. Results from a simulation with climatological forcing and a sensitivity experiment with increasing winds suggest that the configuration is sufficiently equilibrated to explore Southern Ocean carbon uptake dynamics on decadal timescales. The configuration is dubbed MOMSO, a Modular Ocean Model Southern Ocean configuration.
Brief communication: The role of using precipitation or river discharge data when assessing global coastal compound flooding
Authors: Bevacqua Emanuele , Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Shepherd Theodore G. , Vrac Mathieu
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Interacting storm surges and high water-runoff can cause compound flooding (CF) in low-lying coasts and river estuaries. The large-scale CF hazard has been typically studied using proxies such as the concurrence of storm surge extremes either with precipitation or with river discharge extremes. Here the impact of the choice of such proxies is addressed employing state-of-the-art global datasets. Although being proxies of diverse physical mechanisms, we find that the two approaches show similar CF spatial patterns. However, deviations increase with the catchment size and our findings indicate that CF in long rivers (catchment ≳ 5–10 000 Km2) is more accurately analysed using river discharge data. The precipitation-based assessment allows for considering local rainfall-driven CF, and CF in small rivers not resolved by large-scale datasets.
The role of North Atlantic-European weather regimes in the surface impact of sudden stratospheric warming events
Authors: Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Grams Christian M. , Papritz Lukas
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events can significantly impact tropospheric weather for a period of several weeks, in particular over the North Atlantic and Europe. However, not all SSW events exhibit the same tropospheric response, if any, and it remains an open question what determines the existence, location, timing, and strength of the downward impact. We here explore the role of the state of the tropospheric flow in the North Atlantic region at the onset of SSW events for determining the subsequent surface impact. A refined definition of seven North Atlantic tropospheric weather regimes indicates the Greenland blocking (GL) and Atlantic Trough (AT) regimes as the most frequent large-scale patterns following the weeks after an SSW. While GL is dominated by high pressure over Greenland, AT is dominated by a southeastward shifted storm track in the North Atlantic. We find that a blocking situation over western Europe and the North Sea (European Blocking) at the time of the SSW onset favours the GL response and the associated cold conditions over Europe. In contrast, an AT response and mild conditions are more likely if GL occurs already at SSW onset. For the remaining tropospheric flow regimes during SSW onset, we find no clear response. The results indicate that the tropospheric impact of SSW events critically depends on the tropospheric state during the onset of the SSW, which could provide crucial guidance for subseasonal prediction.
The Effectiveness of Instructional Technology on English Language Learning in EFL Classroom
Authors: Mohammed Muneera
Published: January 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of instructional technology on English language learning. It also examined the teachers’ attitudes towards applying instructional technology. The study adopted the analytical descriptive and applied the quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data from the participants. Moreover, it used a questionnaire, an information form, and a classroom observation checklist as data collection tools. The population of the study numbered (392) English teachers at the basic schools in Khartoum State. The study revealed that applying instructional technology to language teaching and learning made learners more co-operative and participating in English language classes. Thus, they could improve their performance and competence.
Social Self-Efficacy and its Relationship to Loneliness and Internet Addiction among Hashemite University Students
Authors: Gazo Ahmad M. , Mahasneh Ahmad M. , Abood Mohammed H. , Muhediat Faten A.
Published: January 2020

The present study investigates the relationship between social self-efficacy, loneliness and internet addiction among Hashemite University students. It defines the level of social self-efficacy, and whether there are statistically significant differences by gender, academic specialization and academic level; and defines the levels of loneliness and internet addiction. The purposive sample consisted of (618) students at Hashemite University. The Social Self-efficacy, Loneliness and Internet Addiction Scales were used. The results show that the level of social self-efficacy was medium, with statistically significant differences in the level of social self-efficacy attributed to students by gender in favor of male students, and in the level of social self-efficacy by academic level in favor  of second-year students. The level of loneliness was medium, as was the level of internet addiction. There was a negative correlation between social self-efficacy and loneliness and internet addiction, and a positive correlation between loneliness and internet addiction.
Ontslag en wijziging van arbeidsvoorwaarden na overgang: ‘no hay mayor dificultad que la poca voluntad’
Authors: Beltzer R.M. , Kanen B.C.L.
Published: January 2020

Ontslag en wijziging van arbeidsvoorwaarden na overgang: ‘no hay mayor dificultad que la poca voluntad’

De auteurs betogen in deze annotatie dat het Europese Hof van Justitie zijn rechtspraak ten aanzien van ontslagbescherming bij overgang van onderneming voortzet, en dat duidelijker wordt dat deze bescherming verre van absoluut is. De uitspraak vormt voor de auteurs reden voor een bespiegeling over de (gewenste) balans tussen ontslagbescherming en ontslagrechtvaardiging. Zij gaan daarbij tevens in op de mogelijkheid arbeidsvoorwaarden te wijzigen en oordelen dat de wijzigingsbevoegdheid die de Europese richtlijn aan lidstaten biedt niet te beperkt moet worden opgevat.
Sanctionering van verkeersongevallen
Authors: Claessen Jacques
Published: January 2020

Sanctioning traffic offences on the crossroads of community service orders, traffic offences and restorative justice

This contribution seeks to bring together three themes in a descriptive and exploratory manner: (a) community service orders, (b) traffic offences and (c) restorative justice; the Dutch situation is central. To this end, the Dutch legal regulation regarding community service orders is first explained. Attention is also paid to existing empirical research on the effectiveness of community service orders in terms of reduction of recidivism (section 2). Furthermore, the sanctioning of traffic offences is discussed as well as the consequences for this of the current bill that seeks to sharpen criminal liability for serious traffic offences (section 3). Subsequently, it is examined which restorative justice provisions or modalities are available and how restorative community service orders are and can be designed (section 4). Finally, I describe my ideal when it comes to the sanctioning of traffic offences in the form of a continuum in which a special role is reserved for restorative community service orders (section 5). The contribution ends with a conclusion (section 6).
Tipologías proyectuales en diseño gráfico. Hacia una clasificación funcional
Authors: Gonzalez-Mardones Sheila
Published: January 2020

El diseño gráfico se encuentra ante un nuevo paradigma. Superada la actividad, el oficio y la profesión nos encontramos ante la disciplina y con ella, la necesidad de ordenar, clarificar y definir términos se torna básica para su sólido asentamiento. En este artículo se realiza un estudio cualitativo de los proyectos habituales a los que se enfrenta un diseñador gráfico así como de las clasificaciones existentes de los mismos, para con ello poder determinar sus funciones y acotar las competencias disciplinares. Como conclusión se propone un nuevo sistema arraigado en el esquema básico de comunicación de Jakobson.
Dejad que las máquinas vengan a mí.
Authors: Morera Vidal Francesc
Published: January 2020

“Dejad que las máquinas vengan a mi” propone una reflexión ontológica sobre qué hace humano al ser humano. Busca un “Principio de Humanidad Suficiente” que se podría aplicar a las máquinas para comprobar o, mejor, definir al humano. Con un diálogo entre películas de ciencia ficción y reflexiones metafísicas, el autor teje una narración en la que pone al ser humano enfrente de la máquina, no como su creación sino ya como otro-entidad que cuestiona su estatus. El diseño y su consecuencia.
El 5º Symposium grafica. La consolidación de un punto de encuentro académico y de investigación en diseño gráfico
Authors: Rom Josep Antoni
Published: January 2020

Tic-tac, tic-tac. El tiempo es una máquina imparable de borrar recuerdos. Los días se suceden, los años se acumulan en las estanterías de la memoria y parece que no tengamos tiempos de apreciar lo mejor de lo bueno, lo regular de lo malo y lo malo de lo peor. Todo avanza tan deprisa que no podemos permitirnos saborear el momento. Pero han pasado cinco septiembres, cinco años en los que la revista gráfica y todo el equipo humano que la hace posible organizamos el proyecto del Symposium grafica. El proyecto nació con la esperanza de crear un punto de encuentro para los autores de la revista y los profesores de diseño y publicidad que sienten pasión por la comunicación gráfica y el universo de las imágenes. Y vale la pena pararse un momento parar saborear el éxito del último Symposium.
Glucocorticoid receptors function in the pathophysiology of brain hypoxia
Authors: Gregrowicz Jan , Rogalska Justyna
Published: January 2020

Glucocorticoid receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors, which play an important role in the brain, mainly in stress response regulation. There are two types of receptors for glucocorticosteroids: mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) with high-affinity for the ligands and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) with a tenfold lower affinity. Selective activation of the receptors during hypoxia may decide neuronal fate, especially in the hippocampus. Depending on the severity of hypoxia-induced damage, neurons undergo necrosis or apoptosis. In the penumbral region, where neurons die mainly through the process of apoptosis, selective GR activation increases excitotoxicity, interferes with apoptotic signalling pathways and causes energy deficit in the cells, all of which promote cell death. On the other hand, selective MR activation seems to be neuroprotective. It is suggested that the main role of MR in neuroprotection is to regulate the balance between anti- and proapoptotic proteins from bcl-2 family.
Native American Worldview and the Discourse on Disability
Authors: Lovern Lavonna ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

This paper argues that discussions of disability must include the same diversity in worldview as is reflected in the client population. Speaking from the perspective of Native American ontology and epistemology, the author argues that those who are considered by the dominant society as disabled might well find themselves subjugated and oppressed by that definition. The differences between a Native American worldview and that of the dominant culture is addressed. The case is made that if diversity in worldview and voice is not honored, disability-based oppression is replicated and reinforced.
A Tragédia Grega como Recurso Didático
Authors: Bem Tiago Irigaray de
Published: January 2020

Trata-se aqui dos desdobramentos de utilizar a tragédia como recurso didático em aulas de Filosofia do Ensino Médio, o que foi feito no meu estágio curricular obrigatório. O conflito trágico, a ambientação com aspectos da cultura grega clássica, a conexão que a tragédia faz com outros conteúdos filosóficos, o enorme potencial didático das tragédias, bem como a recepção dos estudantes. Defendo que, com o devido alerta sobre anacronismos, os paralelos que podem ser traçados entre a tragédia e os nossos dias se tornam deveras didáticos e possuem, inclusive, grande potencial interdisciplinar.
As contribuições do pensamento socrático para o ensino de filosofia
Authors: Custódio Robson Pontes
Published: January 2020

Diante do desafio ou da problemática existente na questão do ensino de filosofia, este artigo, tem como objetivo destacar algumas das principais contribuições socráticas para a filosofia e para o ensino de filosofia. Para isso, afirma-se em primeiro lugar, a importância da educação e do ensino para o ser humano. A fundamentação teórica acerca do problema abordado é encontrada na história da educação brasileira, em que se percebe uma forte influência das ideias pedagógicas conhecidas como tradicionalismo e tecnicismo. Depois, apresenta as características da filosofia socrática por meio da maiêutica na busca da virtude e do bem viver. E a conclusão é feita na percepção de como o pensamento socrático se atualiza e na aplicabilidade dos ensinamentos socráticos para o ensino de filosofia nos dias atuais.
Como ensinar filosofia em uma educação maior: uma análise bourdieunana do sistema de ensino
Authors: Werberich Matheus Diesel
Published: January 2020

No presente artigo, constata-se o modo como o ensino de filosofia no Brasil, visto como educação maior, é utilizado como ferramenta da inculcação de um arbitrário cultural a partir de uma análise bourdieuana do sistema de ensino. Chegou-se à conclusão que a prioridade conferida ao texto clássico de filosofia no ensino médio é um modo de reprodução das mesmas estruturas sociais que permitem a impossibilidade de ascensão social. Com isso, é proposta uma educação menor, cuja constituição fundamental é a relação entre professor e aluno, capaz de subverter as características da educação maior. Para tanto, foram analisados os textos de Sílvio Gallo (2002; 2006), os quais apontam para a valorização do capital cultural dos alunos, o incentivo à criação autônoma de conceitos e escolha de autoras e autores não canônicos como ferramentas de subversão dos mecanismos da educação maior.
La autonomía emocional en el profesorado de secundaria. Análisis en el marco de un proceso de coaching personal//Emotional autonomy in secondary teachers. Analysis in the framework of a life coaching process
Authors: Huertas-Fernández José Manuel , Romero-Rodríguez Soledad
Published: January 2020

RESUMEN Cada vez somos más conscientes del amplio espectro de emociones que se viven en los centros educativos. Existe multitud de trabajos científicos que evidencian la necesidad de incorporar programas de educación emocional en dichos centros. Nos planteamos una investigación que tiene como objetivo identificar los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la Autonomía emocional del profesorado. El diseño metodológico que seguimos tiene un enfoque mixto. La recogida de datos cuantitativos se ha realizado a través del cuestionario de desarrollo emocional CDE A-35, administrado a una muestra de 352 docentes de Andalucía. Como procedimientos cualitativos se han realizado entrevistas autobiográficas que incorporan técnicas y herramientas del coaching personal a 7 de estos docentes. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que los factores que potencian la Autonomía emocional del profesorado son la vocación docente y la relación con los iguales y con el alumnado. Los factores que la limitan son los miedos personales y la dificultad para planificarse. Como conclusiones, se han identificado los factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la Autonomía emocional y en los que se debería centrar una futura intervención. Asimismo, se ha observado que el proceso de coaching personal ha servido para que el profesorado tome conciencia de sus necesidades de formación emocional.ABSTRACT We are increasingly aware of the broad spectrum of emotions that are experienced in schools. Experience and scientific literature provide evidence that supports the need for emotional education programs in schools. The main objective of our investigation is to identify the factors that influence the development of the teachers’ emotional autonomy. The methodological design we follow has a mixed approach. Quantitative data collection has been obtained from the emotional development questionnaire CDE A-35 v. 3, administered to a sample of 352 teachers from Andalusia and the qualitative autobiographical interviews with 7 of these teachers that incorporate Life Coaching tools and techniques. The results of the research show that the factors that enhance emotional autonomy are the teaching vocation and the relationship with peers and students.  Those that reveal limitations in relation to this autonomy are personal fears and planning difficulty. In conclusion, the factors that influence the development of emotional Autonomy have been identified, on which a future intervention should focus. Likewise, it has been observed that the process of Life Coaching is useful to make teachers aware of their emotional training needs.
¿Qué es poesía? Forma y contenido en el verso inglés
Authors: Duffell Martin J.
Published: January 2020

Este artículo plantea que la buena poesía es resultado de la fusión entre contenido significativo y forma significativa, y que, en la misma línea, el verso libre moderno difiere poco del tradicional verso regular. Se pone de manifiesto la manera en que el lenguaje y el ritmo dan una especial intensidad a la expresión de pensamientos y sentimientos. Para ello, se muestran doce ejemplos significativos de la poesía inglesa, escritos tanto en verso regular como en verso libre. Este artículo también sostiene que la época actual puede favorecer la creación de poemas nuevos e interesantes siempre que no se descuide la forma ni se desaproveche la riqueza del ritmo y del lenguaje.This article argues that good poetry results from the fusion of meaningful content and signifi cant form and that modern free verse diff ers little from traditional regular verse in this respect. It shows how language and rhythm can give special intensity to the expression of thoughts and feeling and provides a dozen outstanding examples of this process drawn from both regular and free verse in English. This article also argues that the present is an opportune time for poets to produce new and exciting poems, providing they do not neglect form and waste the rich resources of rhythm and language.
La diéresis silenciada de Julio Herrera y Reissig
Authors: Fiorussi André
Published: January 2020

Julio Herrera y Reissig (1875-1910) defiende el uso de la “diéresis silenciada” en unas notas que escribió para explicar soluciones adoptadas en la traducción de dos poemas franceses. El concepto de “diéresis silenciada” es el punto de partida para una amplia exposición de la nueva música del verso, constituida por una serie de recursos capaces de promover, en su conjunto, una nueva música para la poesía en lengua española. Este artículo plantea que las notas de Herrera y Reissig sobre el tema cumplen una función táctica que sobrepasa la discusión técnica y normativa y pueden ser interpretadas como una preceptiva y una descripción poética y musical del modernismo hispanoamericano. Las notas evidencian que el ritmo poético no está plenamente inscrito en el texto y que tampoco es independiente de él, sino que se produce históricamente en construcciones complejas, en las que intervienen los diversos miembros de una comunidad siempre dinámica que incluye, entre otros, a poetas, lectores,editores o estudiosos.In his explanatory notes regarding the solutions he adopted for the translation of two French poems, the Uruguayan poet Julio Herrera y Reissig (1875- 1910) defends the use of the “silenced diaeresis”, taking it as the starting point of a large proposition in favor of a new music of verses. Through the concurrent employment of a series of specifi c resources, it would enable the promotion of a new music for poetry in Spanish. This essay argues that Herrera y Reissig’s notes on this subject have a tactical function that goes far beyond technical and normative discussions, and may be interpreted as a prescription for and a description of the music of the so-called Modernist Hispanic-American poetry. His notes lead to the perception that the poetic rhythm is not wholly inscribed in the text, but not altogether independent of the text: it is produced historically, in complex constructs, with the intervention of various members of a constantly dynamic community including poets, readers, editors, scholars.
El silencio del verso. La pausa y sus implicaciones métrico-estilísticas
Authors: Martínez Cantón Clara I.
Published: January 2020

La pausa métrica es hoy en día considerada, por prácticamente todos los estudiosos, como uno de los elementos esenciales del verso. Este artículo hace una revisión teórica sobre la pausa con el objetivo de ofrecer una perspectiva amplia de las refl exiones que ha suscitado, recorriendo algunos de los puntos que ofrecen mayor discusión entre los expertos y retos en su fi jación teórica. El artículo se centra en la versifi cación en español y lo que sobre la pausa han escrito sus tratadistas y críticos. Se parte de la pausa métrica y su relevancia para el discurso versificado, para tratar después su relación con la escritura y la marca gráfica que la señala, la naturalidad de la pausa métrica (esticomitia y encabalgamiento) y una breve revisión de los desafíos que presenta la pausa en el interior de verso en la teoría métrica.The metric pause is considered nowadays, in the academia, by practically all researchers, as one of the essential elements in verse. This article makes a review about the metric pause with the aim of offering a broad perspective of the reflections that it has raised, going through some of the points that off er more discussion among the experts, and showing the challenges for its theoretical fixation. The article focuses on the versification in Spanish and what scholars and critics have written about the pause. It takes as its starting point the metric pause and its relevance for versification. The article handles later the pause relation with the writing and the graphic mark that indicates it, the naturalness of the metric pause (enjambment and syntactic end-stopping) and a brief review of the challenges that the pause within a metrical line presents for the theory of versifi cation and metrics.
Los metros clásicos en "Rimado de ciudad" de Luis García Montero
Authors: Tena Morillo Lucía
Published: January 2020

La producción poética de Luis García Montero ha suscitado numerosos estudios, sobre todo desde la perspectiva de la intertextualidad; sin embargo, la maestría con que hace uso de los metros tradicionales no ha recibido toda la atención que merece. Su poemario Rimado de ciudad, cuyas composiciones abarcan la producción de más de treinta años (1981-2015), se caracteriza por el empleo de los metros clásicos que analizo: el soneto, la décima, el terceto, la copla manriqueña, el pareado, la lira, etcétera. Resulta llamativo que este aspecto no haya gozado de un estudio específico, a pesar de que la métrica se revela como el armazón necesario en la lectura de clave intertextual. En este trabajo propongo el análisis de Rimado de ciudad desde la perspectiva de la métrica. García Montero’s poetry has generated a lot of studies, above all, from the perspective of intertextuality. However, the skillfully way he uses the classic forms hasn’t received all the attention it deserves. His book Rimado de ciudad, whose texts include his poetic work of more tan thirty years (1981-2015), is characterised by the use of the classic meters, which I analyse: sonnets, “décimas”, tercets, Manrique’s strophes, couplets, liras and so on. It is shocking that this aspect hasn’t obtained a specifi c study, even though metrics are a necessary framework in the intertextuality interpretation. In this paper I intend to analyse Rimado de ciudad from a metric perspective.
Apología de la métrica
Authors: Torre Esteban
Published: January 2020

La métrica, como ciencia del verso, ha sido en ocasiones objeto de menosprecio y controversia por parte de los poetas, los profesores de literatura y los propios teóricos de esta ciencia. En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo una detenida defensa y alabanza de las formas métricas, que se consideran como parte sustancial e imprescindible de la poesía. Metrics, as a science of verse, has, at certain times, been the target of disparagement and controversy on the part of poets, of teachers of literature, and even of the theorists of this very science. In this present study, what is undertaken is a heedful defense and appreciation of metric forms which are deemed to be a substantial and essential component of poetry.
Esteban Torre: Poetas de Grecia y Roma, 40 poemas. Selección, traducción, prólogo, notas y glosario de Esteban Torre. Sevilla: Renacimiento, 2019
Authors: Utrera Torremocha María Victoria
Published: January 2020

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Avaliação do impacto de correntes elétricas em estruturas de concreto armado
Authors: Juliate Viviane Macedo de Oliveira , Lage Eduardo Gouveia Santiago
Published: January 2020

O Brasil é líder mundial em incidência de raios, com cerca de 77,8 milhões por ano. Isso se dá devido ao Brasil ser o maior país da região tropical, com o clima mais quente, e desse modo favorece a formação de tempestades e consequentemente de raios. Em virtude da alta incidência, há a preocupação pelos prejuízos causados pelos raios, que podem causar morte ou causar perdas materiais. Ao atingir edificações, os raios podem causar a quebra/rompimento do concreto, diminuindo a resistência do mesmo. Nesse sentido, surge a necessidade de utilização do Sistema de Proteção a Descargas Atmosféricas (SPDA) à estrutura do pilar, designado à proteção dos diferentes tipos de estrutura contra os efeitos das descargas atmosféricas, evitando e/ou minimizando o impacto dos efeitos das descargas. Frente ao exposto, a pesquisa buscou evidenciar a perda da resistência à compressão do concreto, quando sua estrutura é submetida à uma descarga elétrica. Para tal, realizou-se a elaboração de doze corpos de prova, dispondo uma haste de aço CA50 de 12mm no centro, posteriormente submetidos à uma descarga elétrica. Verificou-se que, mesmo que a descarga elétrica não cause dano ao concreto, relacionado à sua quebra ou rompimento, ela pode causar uma perda significativa da resistência à compressão do concreto, ressaltando, portanto, a necessidade de as edificações disporem de um SPDA.
Irán: el desafío de las mujeres en el arte
Authors: Torrent Esclapés Rosalía , Caballero Guiral Juncal
Published: January 2020

Interpretando el feminismo como el movimiento político e ideológico que es, en este artículo, nos centraremos en las mujeres artistas iraníes que, con su praxis, contribuyen cada día a subvertir los principios patriarcales dominantes en su país (aunque también de los países en los que se hospedan). Abordaremos el trabajo de algunas de estas artistas, tanto de las que viven en el exilio como las que se han quedado en Irán o residen a caballo entre su lugar de origen y países ajenos a su cultura. Observaremos cómo existe una verdadera ofensiva artística por parte de unas mujeres que son conscientes de la situación desigual en la que se encuentran y utilizan su actividad como elemento de acción y disensión. Conociendo los lenguajes internacionales, saben utilizarlos, aunque se interesan por desplegar un sistema simbólico e iconográfico que bebe de las fuentes de su cultura. De esta manera, despliegan un conjunto de relaciones visuales complejas e incluso enigmáticas que dejan fluir la imaginación de quienes las observan.

Understanding feminism as the political and ideological movement that it is, we will focus on Iranian women artists who, with their praxis, contribute everyday to subvert the prevailing patriarchal principles of their country of origin (though certainly they also do it in the countries they are living in). We will deal with the work of the artists who live in exile, the ones who have stayed in Iran and those who live between their homeland and other countries far from their culture. We will observe that there is a real artistic push from women who are conscious of their unequal situation and use their activity as a tool for action and dissent. They know international languages and how to use them, though they are interested in unfolding a symbolic and iconographic system based on their cultural sources. Thus, they display a group of complex and even enigmatic visual relationships that let the public imagination run free.