bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting families managing childhood eczema: developing and optimising eczema care online using qualitative research
Authors: Sivyer Katy , Teasdale Emma , Greenwell Kate , Steele Mary , Ghio Daniela , Ridd Matthew J , Roberts Amanda , Chalmers Joanne R , Lawton Sandra , Langan Sinead M , Cowdell Fiona , Le Roux Emma , Wilczynska Sylvia , Williams Hywel C , Thomas Kim S , Yardley Lucy , Santer Miriam , Muller Ingrid
Published: February 2022

Background

Childhood eczema is often poorly controlled owing to underuse of emollients and topical corticosteroids (TCS). Parents/carers report practical and psychosocial barriers to managing their child’s eczema, including child resistance. Online interventions could potentially support parents/carers; however, rigorous research developing such interventions has been limited.

Aim

To develop an online behavioural intervention to help parents/carers manage and co-manage their child’s eczema.

Design and setting

Intervention development using a theory-, evidence-, and person-based approach (PBA) with qualitative research.

Method

A systematic review and qualitative synthesis of studies (n = 32) and interviews with parents/carers (n = 30) were used to identify barriers and facilitators to effective eczema management, and a prototype intervention was developed. Think-aloud interviews with parents/carers (n = 25) were then used to optimise the intervention to increase its acceptability and feasibility.

Results

Qualitative research identified that parents/carers had concerns about using emollients and TCS, incomplete knowledge and skills around managing eczema, and reluctance to transitioning to co-managing eczema with their child. Think-aloud interviews highlighted that, while experienced parents/carers felt they knew how to manage eczema, some information about how to use treatments was still new. Techniques for addressing barriers included providing a rationale explaining how emollients and TCS work, demonstrating how to use treatments, and highlighting that the intervention provided new, up-to-date information.

Conclusion

Parents/carers need support in effectively managing and co-managing their child’s eczema. The key output of this research is Eczema Care Online for Families, an online intervention for parents/carers of children with eczema, which is being evaluated in a randomised trial.
EFEKTIVITAS DAYA HAMBAT ASAP CAIR TEMPURUNG KELAPA (Cocus nucifera) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Agustina Nur Ariyani
Published: February 2022

Asap cair mengandung berbagai senyawa yang dapat di kelompokkan ke dalam kelompok senyawa fenol, asam dan kelompok senyawa karbonil. Kelompok-kelompok senyawa tersebut berperanan sebagai anti mikroba, anti oksidan, pemberi flavor dan pembentuk warna. Karena asap cair dapat berperan sebagai anti mikroba dan anti oksigen, maka asap cair dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet. Manfaat asap cair sebagai anti jamur dapat mengendalikan jamur Ganoderma boninense pada kelapa sawit pada busuk pangkal batang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat asap cair tempurung kelapa dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Ganoderma boninense. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada perlakuan yang paling efektivas menghambat pertumbuhan jamur paling rendah C0 dengan daya hambatnya 0% dan paling tinggi C4 dengan  daya hambat 100%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa asap cair tempurung kelapa memiliki manfaat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur.
F4/80hi Resident Macrophages Contribute to Cisplatin-Induced Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Sears Sophia M. , Vega Alexis A. , Kurlawala Zimple , Oropilla Gabrielle B. , Krueger Austin , Shah Parag P. , Doll Mark A. , Miller Robert , Beverly Levi J. , Siskind Leah J.
Published: February 2022

Key Points

Long-term effects of cisplatin are understudied. This study is the first to examine the role of macrophages in cisplatin-induced fibrosis.

Depletion of kidney-resident macrophages ameliorated cisplatin-induced fibrosis, whereas depletion of infiltrating macrophages had no effect.

This study highlights a pathogenic role for kidney-resident M2 macrophages in the development of fibrosis with repeated nephrotoxic injury.

Background

Cisplatin-induced kidney injury remains a major obstacle in utilizing cisplatin as a chemotherapeutic for solid-organ cancers. Thirty percent of patients treated with cisplatin develop acute kidney injury (AKI), and even patients who do not develop AKI are at risk for long-term declines in kidney function and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Modeling cisplatin-induced kidney injury in mice has revealed that repeated low doses of cisplatin lead to development of kidney fibrosis. This model can be used to examine AKI-to-CKD transition processes. Macrophages play a role in some of these processes, including immune response, wound healing, and tissue remodeling. Depleting macrophage populations in the kidney reduced fibrosis development in other models of renal fibrosis.

Methods

We used either C57BL/6 mice with a Ccr2 genetic knockout or liposome encapsulated clodronate (Clodrosome) to deplete macrophage populations during repeated 9 mg/kg cisplatin treatments. We assessed how immune cell populations were altered in the blood and kidney of these mice and how these alterations affected development of renal fibrosis and kidney injury.

Results

We found that Clodrosome treatment decreased collagen deposition, myofibroblast accumulation, and inflammatory cytokine production, whereas Ccr2 genetic knockout had no effect on these markers after cisplatin treatment. Additionally, Ccr2−/− mice had decreased levels of F4/80lo infiltrating macrophages in the kidney after cisplatin treatments, but Clodrosome treatment depleted F4/80hi resident and CD206+ M2 macrophages.

Conclusions

These data suggest that Clodrosome depletion of F4/80hi and M2 macrophages in the kidney attenuates development of renal fibrosis after repeated low doses of cisplatin.
THE RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACOUSTIC NEUROMA BY DRILLING THE POSTERIOR WALL OF THE INTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL VIA THE RETROSIGMOID SUBOCCIPITAL APPROACH
Authors: Ngo Manh Hung , Nguyen Duc Nghia
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess of surgical results of acoustic neuroma by the retrosigmoid suboccipial approach with drilling the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal. Patients and methods: A prospective study with 26 patients who were diagnosed with acoustic neuroma and surgically treated by drilling the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal via retrosigmoid suboccipital approach at Viet-Duc Hospital from January 2019 to October 2020. Results: Mean age: 42.74±14.95; male: female ratio was 1; tinnitus was the most common symptom (76.92%), after that hearing loss (69.23%). There was no predominant in the side of the tumor. There was a significant difference between KOOS classification’s tumor before and after surgery, as well as the facial nerve function 3-month post-operation versus discharge time. Conclusion: The retrosigmoid suboccipital approach with drilling the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal was useful for treating acoustic neuroma both the tumor removing capacity and facial nerve preservation.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS OF TRAUMATIC EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Thao
Published: February 2022

Objective: To investigate the computed tomography findings of epidural hematoma in patient with head trauma. Material: 65 patients diagnosed with traumatic epidural hematoma. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Epidural hematoma was common in men (85%), mean age was 31.03 ± 2.8. Traffic accidents was the main cause of head injury. Common clinical symptoms were headache and nausea. The clinical symptom “lucid interval” was found in 15.4% of patients. Temporal region was the common location (53.8%). 93.8% of epidural hematoma were unilateral. “Swirl sign” was found in 4.6% of patients. There was statistically significantly correlation between hematoma volume and midline displacement with Glasgow comma scale.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES IN HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL AT DENTISTRY CLINIC, HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL
Authors: Tran Dinh Binh , Hoang Thi Lien , Nguyen Viet Tu , Tran Doan Hieu , Hoang Le Bich Ngoc
Published: February 2022

Objective: To study knowledge, attitudes and practices in hospital infection control at Hue University Hospital Dentistry Clinic with aim to describe the current situation of hospital infection control at Dentistry Clinic of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital in 2020. Objects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive studies on 191 medical staff and observed practice in 100 cases at the Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Results: 98.4% knew correctly about the infection and the way of infection during dental disease treatment, 83.8% had correct knowledge about the risk of infection, 63.4% had correct understanding, and knew how to treat hand drill in dental treatment correctly. Hand hygiene after treatment is high (87.0%) and the rate of hand hygiene according to regulations is also quite high (73.0%). 100% use protective clothing, gloves and mask when examining and treating patients. 100% of cases use needles, anesthetics for a patient and removed after using. There are 85% of cases of properly classifying waste. Conclusion: Staff at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital - Dentistry Clinic paid much attention to infection control with good knowledge, attitude and practice of infection control.
THE PREFERED LEARNING STYLES OF NURSING STUDENTS AT THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Long , Ngo Xuan Long
Published: February 2022

Background: Each individual may prefer one or several learning styles. This study aims to explore preferred learning styles of nursing students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 156 participants, who were the second-year nursing students at Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, were surveyed by self-administered questionnaires. The assessment of learning styles was developed with the reference to the VARK questionnaire developed by Flemming. Students’ learning styles were categorized as Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic style. Results: It was found that 32.7% of the students did not demonstrate clear preferences to any learning styles. While nearly one-half (28.2%) of respondents prefer one learning style, the percentage of students who were simultaneously interested in two, three, and four learning styles are 17.9%, 12.2%, and 9%, respectively. Notably, the results found no significant difference in students’ preferences to three learning styles, which were Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic. However, there was significant lower score of preference of Visual style in comparison to all other three styles. Conclusions: The preferred learning styles are varied among nursing students. The faculty should not solely pay attention to any single learning style. They should design their teaching to meet students’ various styles, especially the Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic preferences
STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLASMA EXCHANGE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA-INDUCED SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS AT CHO RAY HOSPITAL
Authors: Võ Thị Đoan Thục , Phạm Thị Ngọc Thảo , Trần Văn Huy
Published: February 2022

Objective: Data about effectiveness and safety of plasma exchange therapy for patients of hypertriglyceridemia-induced severe acute pancreatitis in Vietnam is still limited. This study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of plasma exchange therapy in patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced severe acute pancreatitis. Methods: A descriptive prospective study of 49 hypertriglyceridemia-induced severe acute pancreatitis patients, who were received plasma exchange therapy at ICU of Cho Ray Hospital from 02/2019 to 07/2020. Results: After one plasma exchange therapy session: The TG level decreased by (72.5%), mean arterial pressure increased significantly (80.71 ± 23.42/90.61 ± 13.68) with (p<0.05); pulse (134.02 ± 23.59/110.61± 20.59), SOFA score (6.20 ± 3.16/3.69 ± 2.90) and Intra-abdominal hypertension (18.43 ± 5.55/16.40 ± 4.86 mmHg) decreased significantly (p<0.01). There were improvement of creatinine (1.75 ± 1.81/1.16 ± 1.02 mg/dL), HCO3- (15.68 ± 5.19/21.13 ± 5.60 mmol/L), and pH (7.31 ± 0.09/7.40 ± 0.07). The most common complication was mild hypokalemia (9 patients, 18.3%), allergic reactions with plasma (5 patients, 10.2%). Mortality rate was 12.2%. Conclusions: Plasma exchange therapy appeared effectively and safely in hypertriglyceridemia - induced severe acute pancreatitis patients.
AN ASSESSMENT OF MEDICAL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS PROFESSIONALISM IN HEALTH CARE AT HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY, HUE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Vo Duc Toan , Le Ho Thi Quynh Anh , Ho Anh Hien , Nguyen Thi Hoa , Duong Quang Tuan , Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen , Ho Dac Truong An , Nguyen Thi Cuc , Nguyen Minh Tam
Published: February 2022

Professionalism has become one of the core competencies in medical education which will shape physicians’s behavior in the future to provide high-quality and patient-centered care services. Objectives: To assess the perceptions and attitudes of medical students regarding professionalism in health care. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with 717 second-year and fifth-year medical students of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University. Results: Students’ perception on professionalism was not high, at 3.85 out of 5 points. In which, “respect” was the domain having highest score and “communication skills” was the lowest recognition domain (4.15 and 3.54 out of 5, respectively). Preclinical students had higher perception than students having clinical experiences in all aspects of professionalism (p<0.05). Conclusion: Priority should be given to train professionalism and communication skills through the early clinical exposure program and hidden curriculum across all years of medical education program. Furthermore, the core aspects of professionalism are needed to be consistently identified and evaluated in the training program among medical universities in Vietnam
BILE DUCT INJURY IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Phan Dinh Tuan Dung , Dang Ngoc Hung , Le Loc
Published: February 2022

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy becomes standard technique for management symptomatic cholelithiasis, polype. The risk of bile duct injury following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is higher than open cholecystectomy. Purpose: To diagnosis the type of injury bile duct and management bile duct injuries sustained by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analyses of the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 01/1999 to 06/2020. We evaluated the data according to outcome measures, characteristics and treatment results of major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results: We found 21 patients with major bile duct injuries sustained by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Only 23.8% of injuries are recognized during operation. Type of injuries include: Lateral injury of common bilde duct were 4 cases, transection of bile duct were 4 cases. Management injuries include: bile duct suture were 4 cases (19.1%), hepaticojejunostomy were 10 cases (47.6%), choledochojejunostomy were 6 cases (28.5%). Conclusion: Common bile duct injury is a rare complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (0.35%). Immediate recognition and repair are associated with improved outcome. The optimal management depends on the timing of recognition of injury, the type, extent of bile duct injury, the patient’s conditions and the availability of experienced hepatobiliary surgeons.
A utilização de pistas diretas planas no tratamento da mordida Cruzada Funcional: uma revisão de literatura / The use of flat direct tracks in treatment of functional cross bite: a literature review
Authors: Gondim Roberta Carolino Antunes , Pereira Karina Dutra Pinto , Gondim Marton de Moura , Júnior Marcelo Paulo Balbino Teixeira , Rebouças Pedro Diniz , Targino Fabiana Serra Soares
Published: February 2022

A má oclusão está apontada como a terceira doença bucal mais prevalente e é frequentemente encontrada na odontologia infantil. A mordida cruzada é desenvolvida quando os dentes do arco superior não se posicionam adequadamente sobre os dentes do arco inferior e sua classificação pode ser: esquelética, dentária e funcional, essa última identificada quando a mandíbula é deslocada para um dos lados, causando assimetria condilar e desalinhamento da linha média, ao realizar a máxima intercuspidação. O cirurgião-dentista deve intervir logo que diagnosticada a má oclusão, preservando o sistema estomatognático, sendo o tratamento feito através da Reabilitação Neuroclusal, utilizando as Pistas Diretas de Planas, que propõe eliminar os fatores que causam essa desarmonia oclusal. O estudo teve como objetivo relatar as técnicas de Pistas Diretas de Planas, através de revisão integrativa da literatura, incluindo artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, dos últimos dez anos, tendo sido selecionados 11 artigos, em que os autores argumentam a eficácia e as vantagens da técnica nos tratamentos das mordidas cruzadas funcionais. Conclui-se que é uma técnica de baixo custo, de fácil execução e não depende da colaboração do paciente, no entanto, o profissional cirurgião-dentista clínico deve ter domínio sobre a técnica, para executá-la e gerar bons resultados.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 BAGI MAHASISWA STKIP AHLUSSUNNAH BUKITTINGGI
Authors:   STKIP Ahlusunnah, Frisca Andini Nisye
Published: February 2022

Sulitnya penanganan virus corona membuat banyak pemimpin Negara menentukan langkah-langkah dalam menghentikan penyebarannya, bahkan harus menentukan kebijakan yang sangat sulit, salah satu kebijakan yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan yaitu pembatasan interaksi sosial, pembatasan ini tentu akan berpengaruh terutama dibidang pendidikan, sebab demi menghentikan penyebaran corona ini semua mahasiswa dan dosennya belajar dari rumah, adanya perubahan cara belajar mengajar dari tatap muka atau luring (luar jaringan) menjadi daring (dalam jaringan) membutuhkan kesiapan dari semua unsur, Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar efektivitas pembelajaran secara daring dimasa pandemi covid 19 bagi mahasiswa STKIP Ahlussunnah Bukittinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Responden dari penelitian ini berjumlah 126 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 89% mahasiswa menginginkan pembelajaran secara tatap muka, sedangkan hanya 9% saja mahasiswa yang menginginkan pembelajaran daring, sedangkan 2 % menginginkan daring selamanya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran daring dilihat dari efektivitas, pembelajaran daring belum mampu membuat tujuan pembelajaran tercapai. Ketidaksiapan mahasiswa dan dosen baik dari sisi kemampuan menggunakan teknologi maupun ketersediaan sarana pembelajaran yang memadai, koneksi jaringan internet yang buruk di tempat tinggal, biaya, dan belum mampunya mahasiswa serta dosen beradaptasi dengan metode pembelajaran yang baru untuk dapat meghadirkan kondisi kelas yang kondusif secara virtual menjadi faktor yang membuat pembelajaran daring belum efektif dilaksanakan.
Biohybrid Micro- and Nanorobots for Intelligent Drug Delivery
Authors: Li Jinhua , Dekanovsky Lukas , Khezri Bahareh , Wu Bing , Zhou Huaijuan , Sofer Zdenek
Published: February 2022

Biohybrid micro- and nanorobots are integrated tiny machines from biological components and artificial components. They can possess the advantages of onboard actuation, sensing, control, and implementation of multiple medical tasks such as targeted drug delivery, single-cell manipulation, and cell microsurgery. This review paper is to give an overview of biohybrid micro- and nanorobots for smart drug delivery applications. First, a wide range of biohybrid micro- and nanorobots comprising different biological components are reviewed in detail. Subsequently, the applications of biohybrid micro- and nanorobots for active drug delivery are introduced to demonstrate how such biohybrid micro- and nanorobots are being exploited in the field of medicine and healthcare. Lastly, key challenges to be overcome are discussed to pave the way for the clinical translation and application of the biohybrid micro- and nanorobots.
Click Modification for Polysaccharides via Novel Tunnel Transmission Phenomenon in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhang Jinming , Cheng Yaohui , Zhang Xin , Wu Jin , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2022

It is extremely difficult to achieve a rapid and efficient modification of natural polysaccharides, due to the intrinsic strong hydrogen bonding networks and the slow mass transfer process during the reaction process. Herein, we found a fascinating anion-tunnel transmission phenomenon in the imidazolium-based ionic liquids with carboxylate anions. A novel click esterification of natural polysaccharides thus was demonstrated under a catalyst-free condition within a very short reaction time of 15 min at 0-80°C. Such a super-rapid and highly efficient modification strategy is available for various polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, inulin, pullulan, dextran, and xylan), different esterification reactions (acetification, propionation, benzoylation, and cyclohexyl formylation), and high concentrations, claiming a revolutionary potential in polysaccharide chemistry industries.
Удосконалення акустичних характеристик співвісних повітряних гвинтів шляхом зменшення інтенсивноcті кінцевого вихору лопаті
Authors: Денісюк Олеся Валерійовна , Мітрахович Михайло Михайлович , Жорник Олег Володимирович
Published: February 2022

У статті показано можливі шляхи зниження рівня акустичного випромінювання співвісного гвинтовентилятора. Проведено аналіз вимог до шуму для літаків з турбогвинтовентиляторними двигунами. Представлені результати попередніх досліджень щодо впливу основних факторів на рівень акустичного випромінювання співвісного гвинтовентилятора. Розглянуто заходи щодо поліпшення акустичних характеристик гвинтовентилятора шляхом встановлення на торцях лопатей першого ряду вінглетів та шевронів для зменшення рівня шуму, що створюється кінцевими вихорами.
PRESENT AND FUTURE OF AGRICULTURAL ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Authors: Godzhaev Z. , Godzhaev T. , Malakhov I.
Published: February 2022

Based on CO2 pollution problem in order to performance speed traction characteristics for further robotic of mobile energy-related vehicle analyze of conversion agricultural machinery to electric and electromechanical transmission. Explores options for receive clear energy from renewable energy.
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Kvitko K. , Latinin A. , Nikulin M.
Published: February 2022

Automobile transport is currently very popular, but it is a source of harmful emissions. Electric vehicles can correct this situation. They do not emit pollution into the atmosphere, are quieter and more reliable. However, due to a number of disadvantages, their distribution is limited. Russia with its large oil reserves is not focused on the development of electric transport in the country.
FEATURES OF INTEGRATION OF ROAD VEHICLES ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
Authors: Novikov A. , Dorokhin Sergey
Published: February 2022

The features of the interaction of software developers in the integration of electronic car control systems are considered. The existing aspects of the design and development of car control systems based on IP Cores are presented. The current shortage in the global semiconductor market generates an increase in prices for the assembly and programming of the universal unit and leads to an increase in the cost of cars in dealerships.
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ACTION OF AUTOMATED BRAKING SYSTEMS
Authors: Seredin G. , Pimenov D. , Borodkin V. , Buhtoyarov Vladimir , Golev A.
Published: February 2022

One of the most important directions in the development of road transport is to improve traffic safety by creating automated systems to prevent collisions with vehicles in front of them. To this end, systems of technical vision, object recognition and braking systems are being developed as auxiliary mechanisms. The best effect is the integration of various safety systems into a single complex that solves the problems of safe driving, including without the participation of the driver.
Technologies of "Dry" Chemistry and their Use for Implementation of Express Analysis at the Patient’s Place of Stay (Review of Modern Information)
Authors: Камышников В.С. , Шилейко И.Д. , Алехнович Л.И.
Published: February 2022

Встатье представлено описание методологии и технологии лабораторного исследования сиспользованием методов «сухой» химии, которые реализуются с применением тест-полосок первого и второго поколения. Изложены современные сведения о конструкции тест-систем разных поколений и об отличительных особенностях совершаемых в них химико-аналитических процессов. Дано представление об оборудовании, используемом для объективной регистрации результатов аналитического исследования. Приведена последовательность его выполнения, обращено внимание на факторы, способные исказить результаты исследования. Охарактеризованы области возможного применения тест-систем для диагностики различных соматических заболеваний. Дано представление о лабораторно-диагностических панелях как сочетаниях показателей лабораторных тестов, традиционно используемых для лабораторной диагностики заболеваний отдельных жизненно важных органов и различных форм инфекционной патологии. Совокупность разных панелей, создаваемых в тест-полосках второго поколения, реализующих иммунохроматографический анализ, составляет своеобразную лабораторию «в кармане», которая может быть использована врачом общей практики непосредственно в месте нахождения пациента.

The article describes the methodology and technology of laboratory research using the methods of "dry" chemistry that are are implemented using test strips of the first and second generation. The modern information about the design of test systems of different generations and the distinctive features of the chemical-analytical processes performed in them is presented. An idea of the equipment used for objective registration of the results of analytical research is given. The sequence of its implementation is given; attention is paid to the factors that can distort the results of the study. The areas of possible application of test systems for diagnostics of various somatic diseases are characterized. An idea is given about the laboratory diagnostic panels as combinations of indicators of laboratory tests traditionally used for laboratory diagnostics of diseases of the vital organs and various forms of infectious pathology. The set of different panels created in the second generation test strips that implement the immunochromatographic analysis makes a kind of "laboratory in a pocket" that can be used by a general practitioner directly at the patient’s location.
Methods of Formation of Oral Speech in Laryngectomized Patients (Literature Review)
Authors: Дайхес Н.А. , Осипенко Е.В. , Орлова О.С. , Исаева М.Л. , Котельникова Н.М. , Михалевская И.А. , Кривых Ю.С.
Published: February 2022

Среди злокачественных новообразований лор-органов рак гортани занимает первое место. Несмотря на то что гортань доступна для осмотра, 65-70% случаев заболевания выявляются на III-IV стадиях. Лечение данной категории пациентов носит комбинированный, или комплексный, характер, одним из этапов которого является ларингэктомия. Ларингэктомия приводит к инвалидизации пациента, потере голосовой функции. Часть пациентов отказывается от хирургического вмешательства именно по причине перспективы утраты голосовой функции. Поэтому в социальной реабилитации пациентов с раком гортани важное место занимает восстановление устной речи. Без реабилитационных мероприятий ларингэктомированные пациенты лишаются возможности не только трудиться, но и вообще находиться в обществе. Встатье приведен обзор научной литературы, посвященной проблеме восстановления устной речи у пациентов, перенесших ларингэктомию. В исторической ретроспективе показано развитие трех наиболее распространенных и активно применяемых на практике способов голосоречевой реабилитации ларингэктомированных пациентов. В работах отечественных и зарубежных исследователей изучены подходы и различные методики при послеоперационной реабилитации звучной речи как одного из факторов восстановления идентичности личности человека и его положения в обществе.

Laryngeal cancer ranks first among the malignant neoplasms of the ENT organs. Despite the fact that the larynx is accessible for examination, the disease is detected at the stages III-IV in 65-70% of cases. Treatment of this category of patients is combined or complex, and one of the stages is laryngectomy. Laryngectomy leads to disability of the patient, loss of voice function. Some patients refuse surgery due to the possibility of voice loss. Therefore, the restoration of oral speech plays an important role in rehabilitation of patients with laryngeal cancer. Laryngectomized patients can not only work, but generally socialize without rehabilitation measures. The article provides the review of scientific literature on the problems of oral speech restoration in patients that underwent laryngectomy. Historical overview shows the development of the three most common and actively used in practice methods of voice-speech rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients. The works of local and foreign researchers show approaches and various methods of postoperative rehabilitation of sonorous speech as one of the factors in restoring the person’s identity and their position in society.
Modelling Orbital Wall Injuries and Determining Dimensional and Geometric Parameters of Bone Defects in Rabbits
Authors: Красильникова В.Л. , Дудич О.Н. , Осипович В.С. , Абельская И.С.
Published: February 2022

В исследование было включено 40 кроликов, которые составили две группы (контрольную синтактной орбитой и основную с сформированным дефектом орбиты и имплантацией титановой конструкции (имплантата) для устранения дефекта орбиты). При знании особенностей анатомии орбиты кролика она является одной из доступных и хороших моделей для построения хирургической модели повреждений орбиты.

Forty rabbits were equally divided into control group with an intact orbit and the main group with orbital defect and titanium implant that eliminates the orbital defect. With knowledge of the rabbit’s orbit anatomy, this model is suitable for the surgical modelling of orbital injuries.
Improvement of Diagnostics and Treatment of Ophthalmic Complications in Zygomatic and Orbital Injuries
Authors: Агзамова С.С.
Published: February 2022

Целью нашего исследования явилось изучение офтальмологической симптоматики у пациентов с переломами скуло-орбитального комплекса, развития травматической оптической нейропатии (ТОН) в зависимости от гемодинамических нарушений. Материалы и методы: с 01.09.2015 по 01.09.2019 в отделение челюстно-лицевой хирургии госпитализировано 3013 пациентов с черепно-мозговой травмой, из них у 821 диагностированы различные переломы костей средней зоны лица. Результаты. Ведущими офтальмологическими симптомами травм скуло-орбитального комплекса являются: энофтальм, ограниченное движение глазных яблок, диплопия. Травматическая оптическая нейропатия при данной патологии встречается в 20,9% случаев. Своевременное выполнение реконструктивных операций на раннем этапе позволяет восстановить функциональные расстройства: дистопию - в 89,8% случаев, исправление страбизма - 73,6%, диплопию - 91,5% - и получить хорошие косметические результаты.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to study the ophthalmological symptoms in patients with fractures of the zygomatic-orbital complex in craniocerebral trauma, the development of TONS depending on hemodynamic disorders. Materials and methods: From 01.09.2015 to 01.09.2019, 3013 patients with craniocerebral trauma were hospitalized in the department of maxillofacial surgery, of which 821 were diagnosed with various fractures of the bones of the middle zone of the face. Results: The leading ophthalmological symptoms of injuries of the zygomatic-orbital complex are: enophthalmos, limited movement of the eyeballs, diplopia. Traumatic optical neuropathy in this pathology occurs in 20.9%. Timely implementation of reconstructive operations at an early stage allows you to restore functional disorders: dystopia in 89.8% of cases, strabismus correction in 73.6%, diplopia-in 91.5% and get good cosmetic results
The Review of Recommendations of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) 2020 on Treatment of Hepatitis C
Authors: Данилов Д.Е.
Published: February 2022

Встатье проведено сравнение протоколов лечения Европейской ассоциации изучения печени (EASL) пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С, а также циррозом печени в его исходе за 2018 и 2020 годы, а также анализ необходимости имплементации новых данных и рекомендаций в существующие национальные рекомендации: Постановление Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь № 19 от 19.03.2019 «Диагностика и лечение пациентов (взрослое население) с хроническими вирусными гепатитами B и С». Приведен перечень рекомендуемых лекарственных препаратов, даны рекомендации по диагностике и схемам лечения по упрощенному (без определения генотипа) и с определением генотипа лечению у пациентов без цирроза печени, с компенсированным и декомпенсированным циррозом печени. Представлены рекомендации по лечению особых групп пациентов (ВГС-инфекция у беременных; лечение ВГС-инфекции у пациентов с почечной недостаточностью, в том числе у пациентов, находящихся на гемодиализе; лечение ВГС-инфекции у пациентов с ко-инфекцией ВГВ), атакже схемы для повторного лечения у пациентов с неэффективным курсом лекарственных препаратов прямого противовирусного действия в анамнезе.

In the article, there are compared the treatment guidelines for chronic hepatitis C of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) 2018 and 2020, highlighting the need to implement new data and recommendations into the existing national guidelines: Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic Belarus No. 19 of 03/19/2019 “Diagnosis and treatment of patients (adults) with chronic viral hepatitis B and C”. The article provides information on the recommended antiviral drugs, diagnostic approach and treatment in patients with various stages of liver disease (including simplified regimens without determining the genotype). Recommendations are presented for the treatment of special groups of patients (HCV infection in pregnant women; treatment of HCV infection in patients with renal failure, including patients on hemodialysis; treatment of HCV infection in patients with HBV co-infection), as well as the regimens for re-treatment of DAA failures.
Zinc-Containing Medicines: from Clinical Pharmacology to Pharmaceutical Care (Part 2)
Authors: Кирилюк А.А.
Published: February 2022

Избыток цинка в организме встречается крайне редко, в отличие от его дефицита. Приводится подробная характеристика состояний гипо- и гиперцинкемии. Цинкосодержащие лекарственные препараты могут применяться перорально и наружно. В статье приводятся рекомендации по off-label применению препаратов цинка, что выразилось в определении дополнительных потребительских групп населения, которым можно рекомендовать цинкосодержащие препараты в рамках комплексной фармацевтической помощи. Дополнительно показана взаимосвязь влияния цинка на течение коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. Установлено, что в Республике Беларусь зарегистрировано 5 цинкосодержащих препаратов. Для соединений цинка рассчитано содержание элементарного цинка в каждой дозированной единице лекарственной формы. Разработан алгоритм оказания фармацевтическим работником грамотной фармацевтической помощи (в т. ч. фармацевтического консультирования) потребителю, обратившемуся в аптеку с запросом о приобретении цинкосодержащих препаратов.

Zinc deficiency is much more common than its excess. A detailed description of the states of hypo- and hyperzinkemia is given. Zinc-containing medicines can be used orally and externally. The article provides recommendations on the off-label use of zinc medicines, which resulted in the identification of certain consumer groups of the population, who can be additionally recommended zinc-containing medicines within pharmaceutical care. Additionally, the effect of zinc on the course of coronavirus infection COVID-19 was shown. It was revealed that 5 zinc-containing medicines are registered in the Republic of Belarus. For zinc compounds, the content of elemental zinc in each dosage unit of the dosage form was calculated. There was developed the algorithm for a pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care (including pharmaceutical consulting) to a consumer with a question about the purchase of zinc-containing medicines.
Viral skin infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Музыченко А.П. , Руммо О.О.
Published: February 2022

В данной статье представлен обзор вирусных поражений кожи у пациентов после трансплантации. Вирусные инфекции у реципиентов трансплантатов солидных органов могут стать причиной как непосредственно кожного заболевания, так и развития системного процесса с кожными проявлениями.

This paper provides a review of viral cutaneous infections within the solid organ transplant population. Viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients can cause direct cutaneous disease or systemic disease with cutaneous manifestations.
Modeling the vehicle-bridge interaction in the conditions of road level deformation
Authors:   Politechnika Wrocławska, Kużawa Mieszko , Mróz Aleksander , Kliński Maksymilian , Bień Jan , Rabiega Józef
Published: February 2022

Abstract: The paper presents a method and results of numerical simulations of dynamic interactions between vehicles and the bridge structure, which has defects in the form of excessive permanent deflections of their spans. The simulation analyzes were carried out on the example of a real motorway bridge, on which the presence of such defects was found. A typical 5-axle truck with a total weight of 40 tons was modeled as a moving load. During the analyzes, the main attention was paid to the values of vertical displacements and accelerations of vibrations of the bridge spans generated by heavy vehicles as a function of the intensity of permanent deflections of the structure and the vehicles speed. Keywords: Dynamic analysis of bridges; Bridge vibrations; Finite Element Method; Structure deformations
Defectoscopic examinations of railway rails
Authors:   Instytut Spawalnictwa, Rawicki Łukasz , Słania Jacek
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Non-destructive testing is a key element in ensuring the safe operation of the railway track. They allow for the detection of discontinuities arising both at the stage of production and operation. However, non-destructive testing has some limitations due to its nature. The vast majority of them are indirect methods in which the occurrence of discontinuities is inferred from the course of specific physical phenomena. Non-destructive testing methods provide information about the properties of the tested object. Their goals are to detect and estimation the nature of the discontinuities. The article presents some of the methods that can be used in the examination of railway rails, such as visual and ultrasonic tests. Attention was also paid to unconventional tests used in practice and allowing the detection of discontinuities, such as the method of the scatter field flux and the measurement of the alternating current field. Keywords: VT research; MFL method; MPM method; AFCM method; UT method, PA technique
Anemia macrocítica nutricional
Authors:   , Martín Jorge Marcelo
Published: February 2022

Los magníficos trabajos de Minot y Murphy (1926 y 1927}, basados en antiguas experiencias de Whipple, sobre la terapéutica hepática en la anemia perniciosa; y los de Castle y colaboradores (1929, 1931,1931, 1936) sobre la existencia y mecanismo de formación de un factor hepático antianémico, el llamado factor de maduración eritroblástica (FME), dieron lugar a numerosas investigaciones de los más caracterizados estudiosos de todo el mundo, tratando de explicar la etiopatogenia y hallar la terapéutica adecuada a las numerosas entidades que por su cuadro hemático y clínico semejaban la anemia perniciosa de Biermer.
Co-Morbidly of Malaria and Typhoid Perturbs Lipid Homeostasis in Humans
Authors: Akamo Adio
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Malaria and typhoid diseases have remained endemic in low-income countries, including Nigeria. Aims: This study investigated the impact of malaria concurrently occurring with typhoid on plasma, erythrocytes, and lipoproteins lipid profile. Materials and Methods: Cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG) phospholipids (PLs), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were determined spectrophotometrically in controls and patients presenting at the Out-Patient Clinic of the State Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Results: The presence of either or both parasitic infections provoked dyslipidaemia when compared with the controls. Dyslipidaemia was characterised by significant (P < 0.05) decreased plasma, erythrocytes, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol; however very LDL (VLDL) cholesterol increased. While hypertriglyceridemia was observed in plasma, hypotriglyceridemia was observed in the erythrocytes of the patients. In HDL, hypertriglyceridemia was observed in malaria-infected patients whereas hypotriglyceridemia was observed in typhoid-infected and co-infection subjects. Malaria and/or typhoid induced phospholipidaemia in plasma and erythrocytes, but provoked decreased HDL-phospholipids (PLs) only in malaria-infected patients. Malaria and/or typhoid elicited decreased LDL+VLDL-PLs. While increased plasma NEFAs concentration was observed in malaria-infected patients; malaria and co-infection resulted in decreased erythrocytes NEFAs. Malaria and/or typhoid caused decreased cholesterol/phospholipids molar ratio in plasma, erythrocytes, and HDL. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that parasitic protozoa and bacterial infections produce a plethora of effects on lipid metabolism, ranging from up-/down-regulation of certain lipid metabolites. These may be early biochemical events in the induction of atherosclerosis by parasitic infections.
Isolation of Cellulase Producing Microorganisms from Sugar Bagasse Dump Sites in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Opere Bolanle
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Soil is an important reservoir for a diverse group of microorganisms. However, human activities including disposal of solid wastes affects the quality, composition, and microbial communities in the soil. The polymeric units of compounds in a soil determines the type of microbial activities in the soil. Aim: This work investigated the cellulose-degrading potential of the microbial profile of a sugarcane bagasse dumpsite at Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State. Materials and Methods: The samples collected from this location were labelled A, B, and C respectively based on the soil depth. The samples were processed and inoculated on Nutrient Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), to isolate bacteria and fungi. However, the cellulose-degrading ability of the isolates were determined by subculturing the isolates into Mandel’s medium containing Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Results: The physiochemical analysis of the soil samples revealed the variations in parameters such as pH, moisture, nitrogen, organic carbon etc, at different soil depth. Four cellulose-degrading bacteria and fungi were isolated. The isolated bacterial species are Bacillus species, Serratia species, Pseudomonas species and Lactobacillus species. Bacillus species had the highest cellulose-degrading potential amongst the four isolates with Serratia species having the lowest. The isolated fungal species are Aspergillus niger, Penicillium species, Mucor species, Neurospora species, Microsporium species and Aspergillus flavus. Conclusion: In this work, we demonstrated successfully that soil from sugarcane bagasse dumpsite is a rich source of cellulose and possesses a high rate of activities of cellulolytic bacteria and fungi. The major deduction from this work is that Bacillus species and Mucor species are prominent cellulolytic microorganisms and have immense potential for industrial applications.
Toward Accountable and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Part one: Theory and Examples
Authors: Khan Masood , Vice Jordan
Published: February 2022

After reviewing the current state of explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) capabilities in artificial Intelligence (AI) systems developed for critical domains like criminology, engineering, governance, health, law and psychology, this paper proposes a domain-independent Accountable explainable Artificial Intelligence (AXAI) capability framework. The proposed AXAI framework extends the XAI capability to let AI systems share their decisions and adequately explain the underlying reasoning processes. The idea is to help AI system developers overcome algorithmic biases and system limitations through incorporation of domain independent AXAI capabilities. Moreover, existing XAI methods would neither separate nor quantify measures of comprehensibility, accuracy and accountability so incorporating and assessing XAI capabilities remains difficult. Assessment of the AXAI capabilities of two AI systems in this paper demonstrates that the proposed AXAI framework facilitates separation and measurement of comprehensibility, predictive accuracy and accountability. The AXAI framework allows for the delineation of AI systems in a three-dimensional AXAI space. It measures comprehensibility as the readiness of a human to apply the acquired knowledge. The system accuracy is measured as the ratio of the test and training data, training data size and the observed number of false-positive inferences. Finally, the AXAI framework measures accountability in terms of the inspect ability of the input cues, the processed data and the output information, for addressing any legal and ethical issues.
Learn to Live Longer: Counterfactual Inference using Balanced Representations for Parametric Deep Survival Analysis
Authors: Gupta Muskan , Kannan Gokul , Prasad Ranjitha , Gupta Garima
Published: February 2022

We propose a deep neural network framework for analysing time-to-event under different treatment regimes. 
Learn to Live Longer: Counterfactual Inference using Balanced Representations for Parametric Deep Survival Analysis
Authors: Prasad Ranjitha
Published: February 2022

We derive the fundamental frameworks and propose a deep
neural network framework for analysing time-to-event under different treatment regimes.
A Tutorial on Multiple Extended Object Tracking
Authors: Granström Karl , Baum Marcus
Published: February 2022

This tutorial introduces state-of-the-art methods for tracking multiple spatially extended objects based on unlabeled noisy point clouds, e.g., from radar or lidar sensors. In the first part, the focus lies on tracking a single extended object, i.e., the objective is to simultaneously estimate the shape and position of a moving object based on spatially distributed noisy detections. Model-based approaches for tracking elliptical and star-convex shaped objects are treated. Furthermore, recent learning-based approaches are discussed, which learn the spatial distribution of detections from real data. The second part considers the track management and data association problem, i.e., the initialization and termination of tracks as well as the association of detections to objects. After an in-depth analysis of the data association problem for extended objects, various data association approaches are discussed. Finally, recent frameworks for multiple extended object tracking are introduced such as the random finite set-based Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture framework.