bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Preparation, Characterization, Wound Healing Assessment, and Histopathological Evaluation of Vitamin A Encapsulated in Niosome and Solid Lipid Nanoparticle
Authors: Rahimnia Seyyed Mobin , Saeedi Majid , Morteza-Semnani Katayoun , Akbari Jafar , Ghasemi Maryam , Abootorabi Shidrokh , Negarandeh Reza , Eghbali Mohammad , Jafarkhani Behrouz , Boskabadi Mahshid , Hashemi Seyyed Mohammad Hassan
Published: March 2024

Background: The purpose of the current work was to manufacture vitamin A (Vit A) niosome and solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) using an ultrasonic approach and to evaluate its effect on wound healing. Methods: The nanoparticles were prepared through an ultrasonication technique and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, the nanoparticles were evaluated for their various parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, stability, in-vitro drug release study, in-vitro cytotoxicity, and in-vivo wound healing. Results: TEM confirmed the spherical nature of the Vit A-niosome and SLN. The Vit A formulations (niosome and SLN) were stable in the accelerated stability test (freeze-thaw cycle). Vit A release from the SLN gel and niosome gel was significantly higher (almost 70 and 80%, respectively) than simple Vit A gel. According to the animal study, the wound healing closure in the Vit A niosomal gel and Vit A SLN gel was greater than the other groups during the 21 days after surgery (P < 0.05) and was close to each other over time and on day 21. Based on histological data, wounds treated with Vit A niosome gel and Vit A-SLN gel had more collagen than the other groups. MDA malondialdehyde (MDA, an end-product of lipid peroxidation) significantly decreased in the Vit A-niosome and Vit A-SLN gel group after 21 days, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD, an endogenous antioxidant), and hydroxyproline levels demonstrated an increase. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the prepared Vit A nano-formulations could be used as a possible and safe nano-vesicle for Vit A cutaneous delivery thus potentially opening up new prospects for the treatment of wound disorders.
Targeting Pharmacological and Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics for Management of Hirsutism: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art
Authors: Zahoor Ishrat , Singh Sukhbir , Sharma Neelam , Grewal Ikmeet Kaur , Wani Shahid Nazir
Published: March 2024

Hirsutism is characterized by the excessive growth of coarse hair in women, resembling the typical pattern seen in men. It affects between 5 to 10 % of females of reproductive age. Excessive hair growth often leads to significant mental and emotional anguish. Hirsutism is the result of an overabundance of androgens being secreted by the ovaries or adrenal glands. This article offers a comprehensive review of numerous causes that might provoke hirsutism which includes polycystic ovarian syndrome, Cushing syndrome, idiopathic hirsutism, insulin resistance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, ovarian or adrenal tumors, menopause, and the use of certain drugs. Polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian tumors are frequent underlying factors of hyperandrogenism, which subsequently results in the development of Hirsutism. Mechanical and cosmetic hair removal methods are viable options for managing hirsutism. This study examines the pharmacological therapies that have proven essential in enhancing the quality of life for patients. These treatments include oral contraceptives, antiandrogen therapy like spironolactone, cyproterone acetate, flutamide, and finasteride, specific insulin-lowering medicines, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists, and topical treatment such eflornithine hydrochloride cream (13.9% w/w cream). This review also explored significance of nanotechnology-based methods like nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, cerosomes, and nanogel in enhancing the effectiveness of medications used to treat hirsutism. A comprehensive update has been made to the latest information on clinical studies and patents linked to the treatment of hirsutism.
Idarubicin versus Doxorubicin in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Parallel Randomized Trial with Pharmacoeconomic Analysis
Authors: El Zeiny Amany , Abdel-Fattah Raafat , Abbassie Maggie , Farid Samar
Published: March 2024

Background: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia among adults. Treatment of acute leukemia has been divided into induction chemotherapy and post-remission therapy. The goal of induction chemotherapy, that consists of anthracycline and cytarabine, is to achieve morphologic complete remission (CR), but the main problem is that it has a high economic burden. Idarubicin is the anthracycline of choice used in AML, while doxorubicin, is mainly used in other types of cancer. The aims of this study were evaluating the use of doxorubicin versus idarubicin in the induction phase for the treatment of AML and analysis the impact of the adoption of this anthracycline in Egypt’s public health system. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken in 244 patients with AML. A decision tree was developed based on the clinical outcome of the study, safety and efficacy, aiming to get the expected cost of doxorubicin compared with idarubicin in AML management. Results: In the doxorubicin group, 52.5% had a CR, versus 49.2 % in the idarubicin group (P=0.6). The most common toxicities among the 2 groups were febrile neutropenia, diarrhea and vomiting. Oral mucositis (OM) was higher in the doxorubicin group (70.8% vs 37%, P=0.0001), while invasive fungal infections were greater in the idarubicin group (75% vs 88.7%, P=0.004). Doxorubicin arm had a lower cost than idarubicin arm in treatment success group (39,492 LE vs 44,323 LE). Conclusion: Doxorubicin provides a treatment option with comparable efficacy, toxicity profile and survival rates at a lower cost compared to the traditional treatment, idarubicin.
Overview of Brazilian Malaria Incidence from Environmental, Economic and Spatial Factors in Amazon and Extra Amazon Region
Authors: Oliveira Magno De , Di Napoli Nunes Bruno Henrique , Nascimento Neto Agrinazio Geraldo , Majolo Fernanda , da Silva Guilherme Liberato , Vieira Lucas
Published: March 2024

Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium and its infection can occur in several ways, being the most common through the bite of the female mosquito Anopheles darling. The life cycle of the vector is related to the dynamics of the ecosystem that lives, situations such as global warming generate a great concern regarding the possible amplification of the reproduction capacity of vectors according to climate change. These diseases are much more frequent in regions where the climate is tropical, such as Brazil. The incidence of the vector is characterized by several factors, such as biological, ecological, sociopolitical, cultural, and economic factors, the latter influence health expenditures in Brazil regarding the preventive measures of infection. The economic impact includes expenses with any health care, lost service days, loss of classes in the education system, as well as lower-income at work due to brain injuries, among others. Malaria breeds poverty and poverty breeds Malaria. Through the Factorial Planning method: A brief review, data were collected in all Brazilian regions affected by the disease. The research strategy consisted of the use of the keywords in English: 1. Climate Change in Brazil; 2. Anopheles Darling vector life cycle; 3. Impact of climate change on the life cycle of Anopheles Darling; 4. Sensitive socioeconomic factors. Finally, this set of data suggests that public health programs act strategically in the population conjuncture, on the fronts of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.
Technological Transformations in Integrated Marketing: Strategies, Challenges, and Future Trends
Authors: Meera A
Published: March 2024

Owing to the convergence of technology and marketing, firms are transitioning from rigid, generic strategies to more data-centric, customised approaches. This change is happening due to the merging of these two areas. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how companies manage the complex interplay between marketing and technology by examining the technical foundations of integrated marketing. This research study presents an analysis of the intricate relationship between technology and integrated marketing. The study encompasses a comprehensive examination of methodologies, challenges, and prospective future developments.
An Overview of the Clean India Mission: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Authors: Sadeesh J
Published: March 2024

The cleaning initiatives aimed at promoting godliness have been initiated, and they should be continued indefinitely to ensure a perpetual state of godliness in our lives. In order for a nation and society to be healthy, it is imperative that its citizens maintain good health and hygiene in all aspects of life. On October 2, 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, drawing inspiration from the vision of Mahatma Gandhi, inaugurated the Swachh Bharat Mission. We aim to achieve Gandhi’s vision of a clean India by 2019, coinciding with the celebration of his 150th birth anniversary. The primary goal is to eradicate the unsanitary practice of open defecation entirely and ensure that every individual has access to adequate sanitation facilities. The purpose of this research is to find out how well school-aged people in India comprehend, perceive, and act upon the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Komunikasi Efektif Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Inap RS Juanda Kuningan
Authors: Indrayani Indrayani , Puspanegara Aditiya , Fajri Agustina Legina
Published: March 2024

Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan data terakhir pada tahun 2017 jumlah kunjungan pasien rawat jalan mengalami penurunan yaitu sebanyak 108.249 pasien lama dan 72.957 untuk pasien baru. Adapun jumlah kunjungan pasien rawat inap pada Tahun 2015 yaitu sebanyak 527 pasien lama dan 4049 pasien baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan komunikasi efektif diruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Juanda Kuningan Tahun 2023.

Metode Penelitian: Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan teknik analitik korelasi. Populasi penelitian seluruh perawat Rumah Sakit Juanda Kuningan dan sampel penelitian sebanyak 64 perawat. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji rank-spearment test.

Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari 64 perawat hampir seluruhnya memiliki kelelahan fisik sedang sebesar 84,4%, sebagian besar menggunakan bahasa Indonesia sebesar 57,8%, sebagian besar pimpinan mendukung sebesar 67,2%, sebagian besar memiliki penghargaan tinggi sebesar 53,1%, sebagian besar memiliki komunikasi efektif baik sebesar 50%.

Simpulan dan Saran: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kelelahan fisik, bahasa, dukungan pimpinan, penghargaan dengan komunikasi efektif diruang rawat inap rumah sakit Juanda Kuningan Tahun 2023
Analysis of the Application of Transaction Data with Association Techniques using the Apriori Algorithm in Pharmacy
Authors: Nasutioni Wahyudi , Abidin Dodo Zaenal , Rasywir Errissya
Published: March 2024

The development of information technology influences the rapid growth in the amount of data collected and stored in large t. Dimas Pharmacy, located at Jl. Segara Kec. Nipah Panjang is one of the public health services that sells various medicines, medical devices, and so on. This study is expected to provide positive benefits for owners of Dimas Nipah Panjang Pharmacy in Providing information about the pattern of medicine purchases made by consumers and Facilitating pharmacy owners to know the available medicine supplies in the warehouse so as not to experience emptiness when needed. Problem Formulation, Literature Study, Data Collection, Calculation and Analysis of Associations with Priori Algorithms, Results Evaluation and Analysis and Report Making. Based on the results of interviews and observations that have been made, the authors obtain data from the Dimas Pharmacy sales transaction. Data held ± 1000 sales transaction data for the period of May and June. But the author only entered 216 sales transactions in May and 141 sales transactions in June. After knowing the method of data selection, the authors conducted data selection by taking 6 items of significant data specifications in certain contexts, namely Anti Serotonin / Allergy, Antacid / Ulcer, Antibiotics, Antipyretics, Inflammation, Hypertension Each of these items had different brands. From these results it can be explained that the sales transaction of the Dimas Pharmacy in May and June generates or generates relationships between shopping product items. With the calculation of the Apriori Association Algorithm, a Market Basket Analysis relationship was found between Medicinal Pronicy and Dexa items. With the Rule "IF Buy Pronicy, THEN Buy Dexa". The rule is generated from the highest support and confident values of the overall support and confident items. The highest support value is 0.15 and the highest confident value is 0.5 ".
Designing Academic Data Visualization Dashboard Using Google Data Studio at SMPN 8 Pariaman
Authors: M. Dyon  , Karmila Suryani  , Rini Widyastuti  , Ade Fitri Rahmadani
Published: March 2024

This study aims to use Google Data Studio to produce an academic data visualization dashboard system to display information, which can manage academic data, namely teacher attendance data and student grades, to provide decision-making support for decision makers in the monitoring process and evaluate school internal processes and monitor student grades at SMPN 8 Pariaman School. The type of research used is the R&D (Research and Development) approach SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) method with a prototype model. The stages carried out are communication, planning, modeling, construction and handover (handover). The system testing method studied uses questionnaire guidelines for functional testing to test system functionality to verifiers and usability testing to test system usability and suitability of functions and services to users. Based on the results of the validator functional test study, the results of meeting the functional requirements with both a value of 1 and 89% of the feasibility value of the system usability test are classified as very feasible. Therefore, it can be concluded that the academic data visualization dashboard system using Google Data Studio meets the requirements and is very suitable as a support for SMPN 8 Pariaman School in processing academic data on teacher attendance and student grades.
Derivation of Sago Processed Food in Yupaet MSMEs
Authors: Resdati Resdati , Yusuf Yusmar , Sidiq Rd Siti Sofro , Bahagiana Berkah , Lestari Niken Fujia , Ningsih Ike Rahma
Published: March 2024

This research aims to investigate the derivation process of processed sago food carried out by Yupaet Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Sago, which is one of the superior products in the Meranti Islands Regency area, has the potential to be developed into various processed food products that have added value. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Researchers observed and analyzed the production processes and innovations carried out by Yupaet MSMEs in processing sago into various processed foods, especially sago noodles. The data obtained was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out in stages, namely reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The research results showed that Yupaet MSMEs have an understanding of the techniques and processes for processing sago into various processed foods and have succeeded in deriving processed sago foods well, thereby producing processed food products that have added value. One of the processed sago foods that Yupaet MSMEs have successfully made is the first instant sago noodles in Riau with the product name Mie Sago Boedjang.
Natural or Reclaimed Coastal Areas? The Role of Environmental Awareness in Supporting Coastal Ecotourism
Authors: Abdullah Azreen Rozainee , Hoe Yue Fen
Published: March 2024

Objective – This study was undertaken to analyze the relationship between perceived negative impacts on land reclamation (LR) and support for coastal ecotourism within fishing communities (CE), with environmental awareness (EA) as the mediating variable.
Methodology – This study utilized a convenience sampling technique to distribute questionnaires to 400 domestic tourists in coastal areas. Data analysis was conducted using Hayes’s PROCESS in IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS v25.0).
Findings – Results showed that LR had a direct effect on CE [β= 0.183; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.095–0.270; P= 0.000 <0.05]. Furthermore, a statistically significant indirect effect between LR and CE via EA was also observed (β= 0.269; 95% CI =0.192–0.351; P= 0.000<0.05), indicating partial mediation.
Novelty – These findings highlight that EA is important and essential to be promoted when considering sustainable development in both land reclamation and coastal ecotourism in fishing communities. Affected communities, usually with high environmental awareness, will comprehend the impacts of land developments and react to conserve the environment. In this case, as significant stakeholders with high environmental awareness, tourists are more inclined to support ecotourism, advocate for environmental conservation, and preserve local fishing cultures for appreciation.
Type of Paper: Empirical
JEL Classification: Q5, O13, P28, R5
Keywords: Sustainable development; land reclamation; coastal ecotourism; environment awareness
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Mahyudin, M.N.H.B.M; Kamaruddin, H; Hassan, M.S. (2024). The Legislative and Governance Framework of Wastewater in Malaysia, J. Bus. Econ. Review, 8(4), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2024.8.4(4)
Length and Weight Diversity of Sarden spp landed at TPI Aertembaga Bitung City
Authors: Manginsela Fransine B. , Lohoo Anneke V. , Lasabuda Ridwan , Rustandi Yogi
Published: March 2024

Fish are vertebrates that live all or part of their lives in water, breathe with gills, are equipped with fins for movement and balance, and are cold-blooded (poikilotherm). Lemuru fish are grouped into fish (poikilotherm). Lemuru fish are grouped in the order Cluipeiformes which is part of small pelagic fish. The research was carried out in January-August 2023 to determine the diversity of total length and weight as well as the relationship between the length and weight of male and female lemuru fish, which was carried out using quantitative descriptive methods. Of the 135 lemuru fish individuals observed, there were 40 male individuals with a total length of between 13,184-15,589 cm and 95 female individuals which were longer between 12,083-16,420 cm, and the weight of male individuals between 17,450 - 43,040 grams and female individuals were 19,630 - 52,470 grams. The length-weight regression equation for females is W = 0.018204 L 2.76026 and for males W = 0.01179 L 2.89363..
Keywords: panjang , small pelagic, growth status.
Abstrak
Ikan adalah vertebrata yang seluruh atau sebagian hidupnya di air, bernafas dengan insang, dilengkapi sirip untuk pergerakan dan keseimbangannya serta berdarah dingin (poikilotherm). Ikan lemuru dikelompokkan pada  adalah ikan (poikilotherm). Ikan lemuru dikelompokkan pada ordo Cluipeiformes yang menjadi bagian ikan pelagis kecil. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Agustus 2023 bertujuan menentukan keragaman panjang total dan berat serta hubungan panjang berat ikan lemuru jantan dan betina yang pelaksanaannya menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Dari 135 individu ikan lemuru yang diamati ada 40 individu jantan dengan panjang total selang 13,184-15,589 cm dan 95 individu betina yang lebih panjang selang 12,083-16,420 cm, dan berat individu jantan selang 17,450 - 43,040 gram dan selang individu betina 19,630 – 52,470 gram. Persamaan regresi panjang-berat betina adalah W = 0.018204 L 2,76026 dan jantan W = 0.01179 L 2,89363.
Kata kunci: panjang, berat, regresi, korelasi, Bitung.
Feocromocitoma
Authors: Sánchez Sosa Javier , Peiger-Flores Brigitte Mercedes
Published: March 2024

El feocromocitoma es un tumor neuroendocrino secretador de catecolaminas, derivado de las células cromafines en la medula adrenal. La incidencia anual es de 2 a 8 casos por cada 1 millón de personas, representando una causa infrecuente de hipertensión arterial (HTA) secundaria. Estos tumores liberan cantidades significativas de dopamina, adrenalina, y norepinefrina, responsabilizándolos de la sintomatología paroxística de cefalea, diaforesis y taquicardia.Se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 53 años que presenta 3 años de síntomas adrenérgicos autolimitados, pero en esta ocasión los síntomas fueron acompañados por angina, requiriendo hospitalización y cuyo abordaje diagnóstico llevó al hallazgo incidental de un tumor adrenal unilateral en una angiotomografía torácica (angio-TC), que fue resecado en su totalidad; la condición del paciente evolucionó exitosamente hasta ser egresado. En conclusión, el feocromocitoma es un tumor extremadamente infrecuente que puede presentar sintomatología inespecífica, retrasando el diagnóstico.
Hiperaldosteronismo primario con síndrome de Bartter tipo V
Authors: Alvarez Mejía Miguel , Restrepo-Valencia César Augusto , Sánchez-Cano Fabio Mauricio
Published: March 2024

El hiperaldosteronismo primario (HAP) es una de las principales causas de hipertensión arterial (HTA) de origen endocrino, el exceso de aldosterona se asocia con hipocaliemia, alcalosis metabólica y poliuria de predominio nocturno. Muy pocos casos descritos en el mundo se asocian con hiperaldosteronismo primario sin hipertensión arterial. El síndrome de Bartter tipo V, es un raro trastorno autosómico dominante manifestado por ganancia en la función de los receptores sensibles a calcio generando alcalosis metabólica, hipocaliemia, natriuresis elevada con cifras tensionales estables. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 61 años, con hiperaldosteronismo primario y síndrome de Bartter tipo V confirmado con resultados bioquímicos, imagenológicos y anatomopatológicos
Multilocus sequence-typing scheme for Borrelia miyamotoi — the erythema-free ixodid tick-borne borreliosis pathogens
Authors: Mironov Konstantin O. , Titkov Anton V. , Kuleshov Konstantin V. , Platonov Alexander E.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Borrelia miyamotoi is a pathogen of erythema-free ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB), a disease widespread in Russia. To date, there are no generally accepted methods for B. miyamotoi genotyping. The multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) scheme of Borrelia was originally developed for B. burgdorferi, and does not have the required discrimination power for monitoring the ITBB pathogens.
The objective of this study is to develop the MLST scheme for B. miyamotoi.
Materials and Methods. The whole genome sequences of 10 reference strains (GenBank) were analyzed for the selection of the house-keeping loci. The MLST scheme development was based on principles published by the authors of the method. For this experiment, 81 B. miyamotoi strains and positive clinical samples were used to test the MLST scheme.
Results. After analyzing the genomic data, 8 house-keeping loci were chosen for MLST, for which the PCR and sequencing primers were designed. Each MLST loci was represented by several alleles (from 4 to 7) which form 15 sequence types. The genetic diversity of pathogens isolated from ITBB patients and ticks were characterized.
Discussion. Based on pairwise distances between allelic profiles, the sequence types can be classified into four groups. The first two groups are clonal complexes; the other two groups are formed by once identified sequence types. The first clonal complex unites 11 sequence types (80 or 88% of the characterized B. miyamotoi), the second consists of 2 sequence types (9 or 9.8%). The genetic differences between B. miyamotoi are associated with the sources of strains and biological isolates. The MLST based classification confirms the previously described genetic heterogeneity of B. miyamotoi populations associated with ecologically unrelated vectors of ITBB pathogens.
Conclusion. The proposed MLST scheme is an appropriate tool for ITBB pathogen classification and evolutionary change characterization within clonal complexes.
An integrative approach to assessing the pathogenic potential of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine
Authors: Makarova Mariia A. , Matveeva Zoya N. , Kaftyreva Lidiya A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are characterized by the ability to survive and reproduce in the urinary tract due to the presence of specific virulence factors. In routine laboratory practice, the detection of diagnostically significant bacteriuria does not provide an idea of the level of infection of the urinary system (renal parenchyma, bladder), the pathogenic potential of the strain in the progression and chronicity of the infectious process, and the occurrence of life-threatening conditions (urosepsis, meningitis).
Objective. To characterize the population structure, genetic diversity and pathogenic potential of E. coli strains isolated from urine.
Materials and methods. 194 strains of E. coli isolated from urine were studied. Detection of 17 genes encoding the synthesis of: adhesins (pap, fimH, sfa, focG, afa), toxins (hlyA, cvaC, cnf, cdtB), capsular antigens (kpsMTII, kpsMTIII, kpsMT K1), siderophores (fyuA, iutA), invasins (ibeA), genetic markers of the pathogenicity island (PAI) of UPEC CFT073, the gene (traT) encoding serum resistance capacity and phylogenetic groups were performed by PCR (CXT-1000, BioRad, USA) with published primers (Synthol, Sibenzyme, Evrogen, Russia). To assess the statistical significance of differences, Fisher's exact test was used. Differences were considered significant at a confidence interval of 95% (p 0.05).
Results. E. coli strains more often (p 0.05) belonged to the phylogenetic group B2 (57.7%). Pathogenetically significant virulence determinants were identified in 97.9% of strains. Based on the combination of 17 genes, 134 individual virulence genotypes were identified. In 93.3% of strains, a genetic predisposition to the occurrence of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) was revealed, in 6.9% there was a potential for the development of pyelonephritis and recurrent cystitis. Markers of life-threatening complications of UTI were identified in 12% of strains, of which 10.7% were the development of urosepsis and 1.3% were meningitis.
Conclusion. Detection of a complex of genes in E. coli strains isolated from urine confirms the etiological significance of the isolate and allows one to assess the pathogenic potential for the development of chronic and severe life-threatening complications.
Genotypic portrait of SARS-CoV-2 in Primorsky Krai during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Popova Anna Y. , Shchelkanov Mikhail Y. , Krylova Natalia V. , Belik Alexey A. , Semeikina Lyubov M. , Zaporozhets Tatyana S. , Smolenskiy Vyacheslav Y. , Persianova Elena V. , Prosyannikova Marina N. , Belov Yuriy A. , Iunikhina Olga V. , Pott Anastasiya B. , Khomichuk Tatyana F. , Simakova Anna I. , Abramova Svetlana A. , Romanova Olga B. , Detkovskaya Tatyana N. , Kryzhanovskiy Sergey P. , Besednova Natalia N.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic, etiologically related to SARS-CoV-2, was the longest-lasting pandemic for an acute respiratory disease and had a significant impact on demography, economics and politics globally. Experiences with this pandemic are significant for the sustainable development of human society. A detailed analysis of these experiences in epidemic control should include details of the pathogen evolution down to the regional level.
The aim of the study was to establish the regularities of the COVID-19 epidemic process in connection with the change of the pathogen genetic variants on the territory of Primorsky Krai.
Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of COVID-19 incidence and dynamics of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants during the pandemic of this disease (11.03.2020–05.05.2023) in Primorsky Krai was carried out. Data was gathered from the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in Primorsky Krai, the Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Primorsky Krai, as well as the G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Federation and Russian Platform for Aggregation of Information on Virus Genomes (VGARus). In particular, 1055 nucleotide sequences of full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Primorsky Krai, among which 553 were sequenced at the G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology were included in analysis.
Results. When analyzing the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in Primorsky Krai (2020–2023), 7 rises in incidence with different clinical and epidemiological symptoms depending on the genetic variants of the pathogen were identified. At the beginning of the pandemic in Primorsky Krai, as well as throughout Russia, Wuhan-like variants of SARS-CoV-2 were predominant, though later, Delta and Omicron genetic variants were in the majority. By the end of April — beginning of May 2023, the proportion of Omicron sub-variants (XBB.1.9.2 and XBB.1.16) in Primorsky Krai was higher than the Russian average and comparable to that in neighboring countries (Republic of Korea and Japan).
Conclusion. Due to the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the possibility of the emergence of new pathogens, the peculiarities of the geographical location as well as political and economic importance of Primorsky Krai, it is necessary to consistently improve regional capabilities for operational molecular virological monitoring.
Extending the Conventional Method to Hepatitis B Virus: A Molecular Detection and Diagnostic Study
Authors: Abady Noor R.
Published: March 2024

Despite a global immunization campaign, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a severe public health risk. The study advances our understanding of the diversity and evolution of the hepatitis B virus by studying virus genotypes using PCR and sequencing. This insight will be extremely useful in the development of targeted medicines and immunizations to combat HBV infection. The results of HBV testing on twenty samples, three of which tested positive and the remaining 17 were negative. A fast test, however, yielded positive results, indicating a mutation that hampers diagnosis in the detection of a 492 base pair band. The HBV sequences (seq1) were observed to mimic strains from other countries, with four SNPs causing a gap between seqs 1 and 2. It was also stated how many people in China who donated blood tested positive for HBV DNA. According to the phylogenetic tree analysis, sequences 1 and 2 were 40% related to one another in an international strain, whereas sequences 3 and 4 were independently classified and shared 41% similarity, implying that just a fraction.
Preparation And Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Loaded With Mafenide For Sustain Release
Authors: Atiyah Sadeq R. , Al-Edresi Sarmad
Published: March 2024

This paper delves into the intricate process of preparing and characterizing Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers loaded with Mafenide to achieve sustained release functionality. The synthesis involves the careful integration of Mafenide, a pharmaceutical agent known for its antimicrobial properties, into PVA nanofibers. This combination holds promise for controlled drug delivery applications. The preparation begins with the electrospinning technique, a method widely employed for creating nanofibrous structures. During this process, the Mafenide is incorporated into the PVA matrix, forming a composite material. The choice of Polyvinyl alcohol as the base material is strategic, given its biocompatibility and excellent film-forming properties. The characterization phase involves a comprehensive analysis of the resulting nanofibers. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). are employed to examine the morphology and chemical composition of the nanofibrous system. These analyses provide insights into the structural integrity and the successful incorporation of Mafenide. The study focuses on the sustained release aspect, aiming to understand how the loaded Mafenide interacts within the PVA nanofibers over time. This sustained release mechanism is crucial for pharmaceutical applications, offering prolonged therapeutic effects and minimizing the need for frequent administration. The potential benefits of this research lie in the development of an efficient drug delivery system.
CUIDADOS NO MANUSEIO DO SISTEMA FECHADO DE ASPIRAÇÃO ENDOTRAQUEAL EM PACIENTES COM COVID 19
Authors: Barros Anny keury da silva , Cruz Walkiria maria maranhão da , Zamoro Kelly lima , Lima Cristiane ramos de , Santos Jessica carvalho , Rodriguez Paula cristina rios , Abrahim Carolina dultra , Serruya Anne , Gomes Gabriela granetto , Serruya Alice , Azevedo Arimatéia portela de
Published: March 2024

A aspiração endotraqueal de paciente com COVID 19, é um procedimento essencial onde deve-se utilizar, preferencialmente, um sistema de aspiração à vácuo para reduzir a formação de aerossóis e gotículas e um sistema de aspiração fechado tanto para higiene brônquica, quanto para coleta de amostra de secreção brônquica. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre os cuidados no manuseio do sistema fechado de aspiração endotraqueal em pacientes críticos com COVID 19. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, de caráter descritivo e prospectivo com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: O descritor Assistência ao paciente crítico foi o mais frisado nas publicações (65,2%), seguido de Assistência ao paciente com síndrome respiratória aguda grave-SARS COV 2 (28,8%), e sistema fechado de aspiração endotraqueal (6,1%). Dentre os tipos de estudos encontrados nos artigos, predominou aqueles com metodologias descritivas. Conclusão. A aplicação de técnicas apuradas durante os cuidados no manuseio do sistema fechado de aspiração endotraqueal em pacientes com COVID 19 é fundamental na manutenção da vida em condições graves de insuficiência respiratória. O profissional da saúde deve adquirir habilidades para lidar com pacientes nessas condições e aplicar todas as técnicas existentes.
THE Point prevalence of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, neuropathy and safety awareness among flower farm workers in naivasha, nakuru county, kenya.
Authors: Mathenge Scholastica , Ojola Patroba , Mwangi Hannah Wanjiru
Published: March 2024

Acetyl cholinesterase catalyses the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the nerve synapses, thereby terminating nerve impulse, however, it is inhibited by organophosphates and carbamates. This study aimed to assess the level of acetyl cholinesterase inhibition and the resultant neuropathy in flower farm workers as well as the farmers’ awareness of safety measures and predisposing factors while handling pesticides. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 217 participants from different flower farms. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data to assess level of safety and predisposing awareness and to assess for neuropathy. Blood samples were collected to determine the cholinesterase levels using spectrophotometry technique at 405 nm. The mean serum cholinesterase level in flower farm workers in Naivasha was 5873.26 U/L. There was a positive correlation (R= 0.07) between the numbers of years worked in the industry and serum cholinesterase levels as shown by Karl Pearson`s coefficient. The point prevalence of cholinesterase inhibition in Naivasha was 14% indicating a significant risk of adverse health effects. The level of safety awareness and predisposing factors among workers on pesticide exposure was 65%, suggesting that while the majority of workers had some level of safety awareness, there is still room for improvement. The point prevalence of neuropathy was 38% of the participants presenting with varying symptoms of adverse effects of pesticide exposure. Musculoskeletal impairment was leading at 19.81%, followed by skin irritation at 13.36%.These findings highlighted the need for better safety measures and awareness campaigns in the flower farm industry to reduce the risk of acetyl cholinesterase inhibition.
Archaeological Landscapes Monitoring Group — presentation of activities and first results of work
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Diachenko Anastasiia
Published: March 2024

In conditions of active military operations in Ukraine, scientists and activists drew attention to the fact that the archaeological heritage of Ukraine is suffering great damage. Archaeological objects cannot be restored after destruction, the information contained in them disappears forever. That is why it is important to draw society’s attention to such issues as the protection and preservation of archaeological heritage. That is why the Archaeological Landscape Monitoring Group was created. Members of the organization actively spread information about cultural monuments in Ukraine during the war and participate in Ukrainian and international events aimed at highlighting this information. In particular, a scientific and practical seminar was held, at which representatives of various educational and scientific institutions participated. The fact that the seminar was interrupted by Russian shelling became symbolic. Much attention was paid to the monitoring of archaeological sites and their museumification. Unfortunately, even in the pre-war period, the archaeological heritage was in a state of crisis, which is manifested in the lack of documentation and the algorithm of actions in emergency situations. During the work, the Group focuses on the problems of the current state of archaeological research in Ukraine and cooperates with scientists in this field at the national and international levels. Keywords: archaeological heritage, military operations, monitoring, museumification, scientific and practical seminar.
Development and Validation of Quantification Method for Fluconazole in Human Serum Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Rofiee Mohd Salleh , Jamari Muhammad Hisyam , Kek Teh Lay , Salleh Mohd Zaki
Published: March 2024

Fluconazole is one of the commonly prescribed antifungal with recommendation for therapeutic level monitoring to ensure its levels are within therapeutic range to reduce the risk of adverse effects, toxicity of this otherwise safe drug and to prevent occurence of resistant fungi. A sensitive and robust method was developed to quantitate the level of fluconazole in human serum using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Using Agilent SB-C18 column (50 x 2.1mm, 1.8 µm particle size), fluconazole was eluted separately from the internal standard using mobile phase (A) 0.1% formic acid in water and (B) methanol. The flow rate was set at 0.4 mL/min in positive ionization mode. The method was linear from 156.25 ng/mL to 5,000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.999) with the recovery of 80-90%, and the accuracy and precision of 89-101% and 0-10%, respectively. Fluconazole was also proven stable under different test conditions with the accuracy of 87-114%. The developed method met the guidelines drawn by the European Medicines Agency, Food and Drug Administration and International Council of Harmonisation. The method used for purification of samples prior to injection was user-friendly and robust.
Achievement Goals Analysis in the Learning of Calculus Based on Fuzzy Number Conjoint Method
Authors: Osman Roselah , Ramli Nazirah , Mohd Noor Nur Azlina , Mohamed Thoriq Nur’Izzati Najihah , Badaruddin Zuraidar , Mohd Idris Nur Aziean
Published: March 2024

The conjoint method, which is based on fuzzy sets of numbers, is widely used to describe linguistic values for human preference in an uncertain environment. However, the fuzzy sets used to describe the membership function of linguistic value do not realistically represent the physical world, so the conjoint method can fill the gap and produce more meaningful results. The fuzzy numbers conjoint method is used in this paper to analyze the achievement goals of undergraduates in the learning of calculus. One hundred and seven selected Bachelor of Science (Hons) Mathematics and Bachelor of Science (Hons) Actuarial Science students from one public university in Klang Valley, Selangor, participated in this study. The data for this study, which was distributed via Google form, was based on a previous study's Achievement Goals Questionnaire. The fuzzy number conjoint method with similarity measure based on geometric distance, ambiguity, value, area, left and right height were used to calculate and analyze the data gathered from respondents' opinions of attributes for each linguistic value. The priority of the degree of agreement among undergraduates on the achievement goals in the learning of calculus is worrying as they may not learn all that they possibly could in this subject , getting better grades than most other students , followed by avoiding performing poorly compared to other students in this subject , and doing better than other students with an overall ranking as follows .. The findings of this study can be used to assist and guide academicians and mathematics educators in enhancing students' achievement goals for calculus learning.
Comparative Study of Ensemble Method vs Deep Learning on Human Activity Recognition for Elderly Care
Authors: Saudi Azali
Published: March 2024

A drastic increase in healthcare demand has come from the explosive growth of the older population. The elderly are, on average, more vulnerable to health problems than other age groups. Unpredictable events, such as sudden falls, can be avoided with proper monitoring. Activity recognition can help people avoid potentially dangerous behaviours by aiding in the detection of unexpected events. Most of the existing approaches require complex sensors and environment setup, involve data filtering and noise removal steps, and most often the chosen learning models need to be tuned and carefully designed for optimal performance. This study emphasizes light implementation, fast training time, easy experimental setup, and minimal parameter tuning. Human activities are captured using smartphone sensors in this study. Students and senior residents from a local home care facility are among the volunteers for this study. The necessary data sets are obtained from the accelerometer sensor on the smartphone. To provide baseline performance, the traditional instant-based learning architectures k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used. To represent the ensemble learning model, the Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost (XGB) are investigated. The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are the more advanced deep learning models used in this study (CNN). The results reveal that ensemble methods and deep learning models provide improved accuracy, with ensemble learning models outperforming deep learning models.
Numerical Taxonomic Evaluation of Leaf Architectural Morphology of Vitex L. species (Lamiaceae Martinov) in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Md Zin Syanawiyyah , Mohamed Fatimah , Mohd Noor Nor Nafizah
Published: March 2024

A numerical taxonomic is an algorithm method that is used to evaluate scored characters of continuous characters such as leaf architectures. Leaf architecture characters were scored from 11 Vitex species in Peninsular Malaysia (V. gamosepala, V. glabrata, V. longisepala, V. millsii, V. negundo, V. pinnata, V. quinata, V. trifolia, V. vestita, Vitex sp.1 and Vitex sp.2), one subspecies (V. trifolia subsp. litoralis) and two varieties (V. negundo var. bicolor and V. negundo var. cannabifolia) were investigated using herbarium voucher specimens and fresh specimens collected from the fieldwork. Species collected were from Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan; Gunung Lambak Forest Reserve, Johor; Sungai Dara Forest Reserve, Perak; Proton City, Tanjong Malim, Perak; Gunung Lambak Forest Reserve, Johor; Cameron Highland, Pahang; Herb Walk Garden, Langkawi; and Kg. Pulau Belanga, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. All the studied Vitex species shared leaf architecture as follow: arrangement (opposite), marginal ultimate (looped), position of petiole arrangement- P.O.P.A (marginal) and petiole feature (swollen base). Specimens with single leaf type and presence of petiolule further help in distinguishing Vitex species. The scored data were analysed using Multi-Variate Statistical Package (MVSP) and Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP) softwares to obtain similarity values between species and their evolutionary relationship, respectively. Dendogram clades show an overall Gower General Similarity Coefficient (GGSc) value at 0.715 to 0.964 which indicate clear separation at genus and species level while pairwise distance between the in-group and out-group taxa analysed in the neighbour-joining tree was in between 0.26364 to 0.55455 showing that trees were constructed with strong bootstrap support with Consistency Index (CI) 0.6852 (CI) excluding uninformative character = 0.6000, Homoplasy index (HI) 0.3148 (HI excluding uninformative character = 0.4000), Retention Index (RI) 0.5802 and rescaled consistency index (RC) 0.3976. As a conclusion, high similarity in leaf architecture characters of all 11 species, one subspecies and two varieties of Vitex studied in Peninsular Malaysia suggest and support them belongs to the same genus hence supporting the taxonomic significance. This study implicate that leaf architecture morphological characters of vegetative parts can be used in identification to species, subspecies and variety level of this genus and might propose some changes to the placement of taxa hence can be devoted as an improvement for the previous Vitex study.
The Identification of Criteria for a Lab Report Scoring Checklist to Assess Practical Skills Indirectly in an Undergraduate Optics Course
Authors: Othman Muhamad Zulhelmi , Ayop Shahrul Kadri , Alias Siti Nursaila
Published: March 2024

Practical skills are essential skills in physics courses, especially in the laboratory setting. Therefore, these skills must be appropriately assessed to ensure undergraduates' readiness in the working environment with adequate skills. This paper aims to identify the criteria for a scoring checklist to assess practical skills indirectly in an undergraduate optics course. This study employed a Developmental Research Type 1 design using qualitative and quantitative methods. A scoring checklist is constructed using the ADDIE instructional model of five main phases: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. In this paper, the researcher describes the first three phases of producing the lab report scoring checklist to assess practical skills indirectly among undergraduates in an optics course. In conclusion, a set of 47 criteria to assess practical skills indirectly among undergraduates in an optics course has been identified and is ready for the next stages of analysis. The process of identifying suitable criteria can be replicated where applicable to another course to identify or generate criteria that fit the study context.