bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lingering Effects of Loss? Widowhood and Substance Use in the LGB Population
Authors: Barrett Anne E. , Noblitt Jessica
Published: November 2024

Little is known about widowhood's effects on externalizing expressions of distress, like substance use, among sexual minorities. Our study is the first to address this issue using a large national sample of LGB individuals living in the United States. Using the 2010 Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study ( n = 2,258), we ran logistic regression models predicting current smoking, past 30-day binge drinking, and past year drug use. Widowhood predicted higher odds of drug use. These results were found for currently partnered individuals, suggesting that widowhood's effects are not completely offset by current partnership. In contrast, widowhood did not predict smoking or binge drinking. All results held for women and men. Results suggest that LGB widowhood's effects on substance use vary by current partner status and substance type. These findings contrast with those of studies examining widowhood's effects on internalized expressions of distress, which consistently find detrimental effects.
The effects of filling method on silicone rubber composites filled with SiO2 and TiO2
Authors: Li Yanqi , Zhang Jiaqiang , Tang Qiaolin , Peng Qiang , Zhu Feng , Kang Ming
Published: November 2024

Silica (SiO₂) serves as a reinforcing filler, while titanium dioxide (TiO₂) functions as a functional filler, imparting exceptional mechanical strength and UV resistance to silicone rubber. However, compatibility issues may arise when both fillers are incorporated into silicone rubber. This study explores potential solutions through processing methods, specifically by comparing the effects of graded filling and mixed filling on the properties of silicone rubber. Field emission scanning electron microscopy reveals that the mixed filling method promotes a more uniform dispersion of fillers, leading to enhanced performance. Curing tests indicate that the effect of the filling method on the curing processing performance of silicone rubber is negligible. Tensile test results reveal that, compared to the graded filling system, the mixed filling system improves the tensile strength and elongation at break of the silicone rubber composites by 13% and 13.4%, respectively, while simultaneously reducing the Mullins effect, thereby enhancing material stability. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTG) results indicate that the uniform dispersion achieved through mixed filling optimizes thermal transfer pathways, resulting in superior thermal stability compared to graded filling. Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy results demonstrate that composites containing added TiO₂ exhibit almost zero transmittance in the UV range of 200-400 nm, underscoring their excellent UV resistance; the mixed filling method provides superior UV protection compared to the graded fill method. In summary, for the dual-filler system of SiO₂ and TiO₂, the mixed filling approach enhances filler compatibility by improving dispersion, thereby elevating material performance and broadening potential applications.
Orchestrating Sustainability: Government Platforms for Material Circulation
Authors: Sahamies Kaisu , Welinder Olga
Published: November 2024

Public sector organizations increasingly use digital platforms to foster value co-creation among diverse stakeholders and to address complex societal challenges, such as those related to sustainable development. Different kinds of digital platforms have been recognized as potential drivers of the societal transition toward a circular economy. However, little is known about the organization, governance, and circular value outcomes of such platforms, especially those provided by public sector organizations. Following a case-study strategy, we explore how multisided digital government platforms can promote a circular economy as marketplaces for residual resources. We outline the advantages and limitations inherent in public sector organizations as platform orchestrators within circular economy ecosystems. By uncovering essential factors that influence the success of government platforms in enhancing sustainability goals, this study provides both novel theoretical insights and practical guidance for the implementation of similar initiatives.
Associations of life-course cardiovascular risk factors with late-life cerebral haemodynamics
Authors: Dijsselhof Mathijs BJ , Holtrop Jorina , James Sarah-Naomi , Sudre Carole H , Lu Kirsty , Lorenzini Luigi , Collij Lyduine E , Scott Catherine J , Manning Emily N , Thomas David L , Richards Marcus , Hughes Alun D , Cash David M , Barkhof Frederik , Schott Jonathan M , Petr Jan , Mutsaerts Henk JMM
Published: November 2024

While the associations of mid-life cardiovascular risk factors with late-life white matter lesions (WMH) and cognitive decline have been established, the role of cerebral haemodynamics is unclear. We investigated the relation of late-life (69–71 years) arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI-derived cerebral blood flow (CBF) with life-course cardiovascular risk factors (36–71 years) and late-life white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load in 282 cognitively healthy participants (52.8% female). Late-life (69–71 years) high systolic (B = −0.15) and diastolic (B = −0.25) blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure (B = −0.25) were associated with low grey matter (GM) CBF (p < 0.03), and white matter CBF (B = −0.25; B = −0.15; B = −0.13, p < 0.03, respectively). The association between systolic blood pressure and GM CBF differed between sexes (male/female B = −0.15/0.02, p = 0.04). No associations were found with early- or mid-life cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, WMHs were associated with cerebral haemodynamics but not cardiovascular risk factors. These findings suggest that cerebral blood flow autoregulation is able to maintain stable global cerebral haemodynamics until later in life. Future studies are encouraged to investigate why cardiovascular risk factors have differential effects on haemodynamics and WMH, and their implications for cognitive decline.
The impact of gadolinium-based contrast agents on 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in normal brain area: a preliminary study
Authors: That Nam Anh Ton , Van Nguyen Thi Tuong , Thanh Thao Nguyen
Published: November 2024

Background

Giving contrast material before 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could enhance the precision of locating the lesion of interest. However, evidence indicates that contrast material might influence the outcomes of MRS.

Purpose

To verify the effect of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) on MRS in normal white matter.

Material and Methods

A total of 34 patients were referred for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with GBCAs, and they underwent single-volume MRS before and after administering contrast material. Those patients had the MRS voxel placed at the right frontal normal white matter, which remained consistent across all examinations. Measurements were taken for the integral concerning N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr and Cr2), and myo-inositol (Ins) in all examinations.

Results

NAA ( P = 0.0313) and Cho ( P = 0.0094) had a significant decrease in their integral after intravenous GBCA administration. No significant differences were found between the pre- and post-contrast MRS studies for Cr, Cr2, and Ins.

Conclusion

Intravenous GBCA can alter NAA and Cho integrals in normal white matter. Therefore, brain 1H-MRS should precede intravenous GBCA administration to avoid the potential impact of contrast material on peak integrals.
Spontaneous rupture of broad ligament vein in twin pregnancy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhu Juan , Cheng Jiaoying , Yang Huixia
Published: November 2024

Spontaneous uterine vein rupture in pregnancy is rare. This current case report presents a case of broad ligament vein rupture in spontaneous twin pregnancy that is even rarer. A female in her early 30s at the third trimester of a twin pregnancy presented with headache and left upper abdominal pain for 2 days. After admission, her blood pressure was 158/112 mmHg accompanied with increased blood lipids and proteinuria. Ultrasonography did not show any abnormalities. The main diagnoses included twin pregnancy with abdominal pain of unknown aetiology, preeclampsia and hyperlipidaemia. Her blood pressure and symptoms did not improve after administration of medications. An emergency caesarean section and laparotomy were then performed. Intraoperatively, bright red non-coagulated blood was observed within the pelvis and removed. After two healthy female babies were delivered, pelvic exploration revealed haematomas in the broad ligaments bilaterally and haemostatic sutures and clips were applied to successfully treat the ruptured vein. In cases of unexplained abdominal pain accompanied with fetal distress and haemodynamic instability, especially in twin pregnancy that can cause uterus over-expansion and broad ligament over-stretch, the possibility of spontaneous uterine vein rupture should be considered. Rapid diagnosis, immediate fluid replacement and prompt surgical intervention are essential for the safety of the mother and child.
The neurotrophic factor artemin and its receptor GFRα3 mediate migraine-like pain via the ion channel TRPM8
Authors: Yang Chenyu , Wei Chao , Alam Sanaa , Chen Xunyang , McKemy David D.
Published: November 2024

Background

Migraine has a strong genetic foundation, including both monogenic and polygenic types. The former are rare, with most migraine considered polygenic, supported by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying numerous genetic variants linked with migraine risk. Surprisingly, some of the most common mutations are associated with transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a non-selective cation channel that is the primary sensor of cold temperatures in cutaneous primary afferents of the somatosensory system. However, it is unlikely that the temperature sensitivity of TRPM8 is relevant in migraine-related tissues, such as the meninges, suggesting other activation mechanisms underly its role in migraine pathogenesis. Thus, to define the basis of the channel's involvement, we reasoned that cellular processes that increase cold sensitivity in the skin, such as the neurotrophic factor artemin, via its receptor glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-3 (GFRα3), also mediate TRPM8-associated migraine-like pain in the meninges.

Methods

To investigate the role of artemin and GFRα3 in preclinical rodent migraine models, we infused nitroglycerin acutely and chronically, and measured changes in periorbital and hind paw mechanical sensitivity in male and female mice lacking GFRα3, after neutralization of free artemin with specific monoclonal antibodies, or by systemic treatment with a TRPM8-specific antagonist. Further, in mice lacking GFRα3 we tested the effects of supradural infusions of a mix of inflammatory mediators, as well as tested if dura stimulation with artemin or a TRPM8-specific agonist induce migraine-related pain in mice.

Results

We find that mechanical allodynia induced by systemic nitroglycerin, or supradural infusion of inflammatory mediators, involves GFRα3. In addition, neutralization of circulating artemin reduces the nitroglycerin phenotype, demonstrating the importance of this neurotrophic pathway in headaches. Further, we show TRPM8 expression in the meninges, and that direct supradural infusion of either a TRPM8-specific agonist or artemin itself produces mechanical allodynia, with the latter dependent on TRPM8 and ameliorated by concurrent treatment with sumatriptan.

Conclusions

These results indicate that neuroinflammatory events in the meninges can produce migraine-like pain in mice via artemin and GFRα3, likely acting upstream of TRPM8, providing a novel pathway that may contribute to headaches or migraine pathogenesis.
Distributed Methodology for a Cell-Transmission-Based System Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment
Authors: Mehrabipour Mehrzad , Hajbabaie Ali
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a distributed methodology for system optimal dynamic traffic assignment formulated using the cell transmission model (CTM). Using CTM increases the methodology’s accuracy in predicting link flows and its dynamics; however, it increases the computational complexity significantly. Our methodology is specifically designed to address this challenge and provide a balance between the quality of the solution and computational complexity while ensuring first-in-first-out (FIFO) queuing discipline. The methodology follows a receding horizon framework and distributes the network-level traffic assignment into several intersection-level sub-problems and solves them in parallel. Therefore, this heuristic significantly reduces the computational complexity and finds solutions in real-time. The distribution is achieved by relaxing coupling constraints among different sub-problems. The sub-problems coordinate their decisions with each other by sharing information and implementing it in the re-introduced constraints that were previously relaxed. This process was used to avoid infeasible solutions, reduce the likelihood of finding local solutions, and promote system-level optimality. The information that needs to be exchanged is estimated using CTM simulation runs. All optimal sub-problem solutions are implemented in network-level CTM simulations, and cell occupancies and flows are obtained. The FIFO discipline is also approximated in CTM. We have tested the methodology in networks of 20 and 40 intersections with 15 and 25 origin-destination pairs, respectively, under various demand levels, and compared the performance with a benchmark approach capable of finding the optimal solutions. The maximum observed optimality gap in case studies with 20 and 40 intersections was 3.1%, and the solutions were found in real-time in all scenarios.
Retrograde urethrography (RUG) combined with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) versus surgical findings in assessment of urethral strictures length
Authors: Salimi Hojat , Menbari Oskouie Iman , Mohammadi Rayeheh , Nazarpour Mohammad Javad , Niknam Nasim , Nikoubakht Mohammad Reza , Mousavi Seyed Hamid
Published: November 2024

Background and objective:

Retrograde urethrography (RUG) combined with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is the most common and preferred imaging modality for evaluating urethral strictures, despite its well-known limitations and disadvantages. In this study, we assessed the clinical relevance of RUG + VCUG, along with intraoperative assessment in measuring male urethral strictures.

Method:

This study was a single-center retrospective study involving 134 male patients diagnosed with urethral stricture disease. All participants underwent RUG + VCUG before the intervention, and the results were interpreted by a single radiologist. The location and length of urethral strictures were assessed. The accuracy of urethral stricture measurements obtained from combined VCUG and RUG imaging was compared to intraoperative measurements, which served as the reference standard. Urethral strictures were classified into three types: membranous and bulbomembranous, bulbar, and penile.

Results:

A total of 130 patients were included (38.14 ± 12.05 years) in the study. For patients with membranous and bulbar strictures, there were statistically significant differences in stricture length measurements between VCUG + RUG and surgical evaluation ( p < 0.05). However, for patients with penile strictures, the differences in stricture length measurements between VCUG + RUG and surgical evaluation were not statistically significant ( p = 0.448).

Conclusion:

This study suggests that RUG + VCUG may underestimate urethral stricture, particularly in the membranous and bulbar regions.
The Combination of Topological Data Analysis and Mathematical Modeling Improves Sleep Stage Prediction From Consumer-Grade Wearables
Authors: Lee Minki P. , Kim Dae Wook , Mayer Caleb , Walch Olivia , Forger Daniel B.
Published: November 2024

Wearable devices have become commonplace tools for tracking behavioral and physiological parameters in real-world settings. Nonetheless, the practical utility of these data for clinical and research applications, such as sleep analysis, is hindered by their noisy, large-scale, and multidimensional characteristics. Here, we develop a neural network algorithm that predicts sleep stages by tracking topological features (TFs) of wearable data and model-driven clock proxies (CPs) reflecting the circadian propensity for sleep. To evaluate its accuracy, we apply it to motion and heart rate data from the Apple Watch worn by young subjects undergoing polysomnography (PSG) and compare the predicted sleep stages with the corresponding ground truth PSG records. The neural network that includes TFs and CPs along with raw wearable data as inputs shows improved performance in classifying Wake/REM/NREM sleep. For example, it shows significant improvements in identifying REM and NREM sleep (AUROC/AUPRC improvements >13% and REM/NREM accuracy improvement of 12%) compared with the neural network using only raw data inputs. We find that this improvement is mainly attributed to the heart rate TFs. To further validate our algorithm on a different population, we test it on elderly subjects from the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. This confirms that TFs and CPs contribute to the improvements in Wake/REM/NREM classification. We next compare the performance of our algorithm with previous state-of-the-art wearable-based sleep scoring algorithms and find that our algorithm outperforms them within and across different populations. This study demonstrates the benefits of combining topological data analysis and mathematical modeling to extract hidden inputs of neural networks from puzzling wearable data.
An ecological approach to humanizing healthcare organizations for patients, healthcare providers, and communities
Authors: Frolic Andrea , Tikasz Diana , Krull Kirsten
Published: November 2024

Healthcare delivery exposes care providers and leaders to suffering, loss, moral dilemmas, conflicts, and overwhelm. The cumulative effects of workplace stress and trauma have organizational impacts (turnover, cynicism, and conflict), personal impacts (burnout, mental illness, and traumatic stress), and patient care impacts (reduced empathy, poor communication, and errors). Organizations have attempted to address these issues largely through individual wellness offerings. A systematic approach is needed to create environmental conditions that support people to remain resilient, engaged, and compassionately connected in the face of constant trauma exposure. This article describes an ecological model for developing and sustaining resilience based in neuro and social science. It includes practical strategies to reshape leaders’ understanding, perspectives, and competencies to enhance systemic well-being.
Making the Healthy Choice the Easy Choice: Examining the Food Environments Surrounding South Carolina’s Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)
Authors: Joseph Lesley , Boakye Jessica , Ashford-Carroll Tami
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To understand the distribution of healthy and unhealthy food stores and restaurants around historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in South Carolina.

Design

DatabaseUSA and ArcGIS Pro were used to identify, classify, and map food stores and restaurants near each HBCU.

Setting

The study area included a 3-mile buffer radius around the eight South Carolina HBCUs.

Subjects

A total of 654 food stores and restaurants were identified within a 3-mile radius of the HBCUs.

Measures

Demographic data for each HBCU was collected from the National Center for Education Statistics. The food stores and restaurants were identified using Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and descriptions, and they were classified using previous research methodologies.

Results

Based on the analysis, 19 (2.9%), 237 (36.2%), and 398 locations (60.9%) were classified as healthy, intermediate, and unhealthy, respectively. Within a 0.5-mile radius of the HBCUs, there were no retail food stores classified as healthy, followed by 14 (2.1%) and 23 (3.5%) retail food stores and restaurants that were classified as intermediate and unhealthy, respectively.

Conclusions

This study shows that most food options around South Carolina HBCUs are unhealthy and that few places are available to purchase healthy food. Eating well will be difficult in the current food environment. Increasing healthy options should be part of a comprehensive approach to promoting good nutrition.
Evaluating the Acceptability and Impact of an Online, Lifestyle-Based Mental Well-Being Initiative Targeting School Communities in New York State – Lifting the School Community Project
Authors: Elise Renfrew Melanie , Peter Morton Darren , Joanne Maguire Leticia , Paul Amundson Richard , Day Justis Danna
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To determine the acceptability and impact of an online, lifestyle-based mental well-being initiative in a school-based setting.

Approach

A post-program evaluation survey was administered after the intervention.

Setting

Fifty-seven New York State school districts.

Participants

Participating school districts invited all employees and community members to register for the intervention. A total of 4083 individuals participated, with 1060 (26%) responding to the post-program survey.

Intervention

The 7-week intervention (The Lift Project) incorporated strategies from lifestyle medicine, positive psychology and neuroscience literature. The ten lessons included online, video-based content and related experiential learning exercises.

Methods

The post-program survey included Likert items that evaluated the participants’ perceived program acceptability, mental health enhancement, self-efficacy, and skill acquisition. Inductive thematic qualitative analysis assessed the participants’ likes and dislikes concerning the initiative.

Results

A high percentage of respondents indicated that the program improved their well-being (85%), enhanced their well-being-related self-efficacy (92%), and provided them with skills for supporting their long-term mental well-being (82%). Respondents liked the evidence-based, engaging content and design elements and the focus on personal well-being, community connection, and practical applicability. Some respondents desired more social connection, disliked certain design elements, lacked time and experienced technical issues.

Conclusion

The initiative was acceptable and impactful, indicating that school districts may serve as an effective network for addressing the mental health epidemic.
Geometric design and contact analysis of internal meshing gears with elliptical contact path
Authors: Chu Xiaomeng , Shang Zhongze , Dong Sheng
Published: November 2024

This study proposes a design method of internal meshing gear with elliptical contact path, and its contact characteristics are analyzed. The tooth profile of the internal meshing gear is actively designed based on elliptical meshing line (EML). Firstly, the elliptic meshing line is established according to the principle of differential geometry. The intersection points of the index circle and the tooth top circle of the internal meshing gear are on the meshing line. And the length of the minor axis of the elliptical meshing line can be set arbitrarily. Secondly, based on the rack equation and plane coordinate transformation, the tooth top profile equation of the EML gear was derived. Finally, the root tooth profile equations are derived from the top tooth profile equations based on the gear meshing principle. The theoretical model of EML gear is verified by finite element method. The contact stress, meshing stiffness and transmission error of minor axis of elliptic meshing line under different lengths are analyzed. The results show that by adjusting the length of the minor axis appropriately, the contact stress, mesh stiffness and transmission error of the EML gear will be reduced accordingly. Compared with involute gears, the contact stress of EML gears is reduced by 58.76%, the mesh stiffness is increased by 68.38%, and the transmission error is reduced by 40.62%. The contact performance of internal gears is greatly improved. By modifying the minor axis length of the elliptic meshing line of EML gear, the tooth profile of EML gear can be automatically modified through the equation relationship between the minor axis length and the tooth profile, so that the tooth profile design is more efficient. This study provides a reference for improving the performance of internal meshing gears.
More than a place for social capital creation: Public library as a place for immigrants’ social integration
Authors: Shuva Nafiz Zaman
Published: November 2024

Studies have shown that public libraries, one of the most trusted social institutions, play an important role in helping immigrants adjust to their host country. Although there have been quite a few international studies reporting the role that public libraries play in newcomers lives in the host country, few studies, especially in the context of the U.S., comprehensively reported local public libraries’ role in newcomers’ social integration. Previous studies on immigrants’ usage of public libraries have mainly focused on highlighting public libraries as meeting places that facilitate social capital creation for newcomers or describing the usage of public libraries among newcomer populations. Using a qualitative research design, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Bangladeshi immigrants living in Queens, New York. The study finds that the Queens Public Library (QPL), one of the largest public library systems in the U.S., played an important role in many Bangladeshi immigrants and their families’ social integration into New York after arrival. The library space serves more than a meeting place or a place for social capital creation. The findings suggest that local public libraries serve as important places for newcomers’ social integration by offering a range of services and programs that meet the diverse needs of immigrants after their arrival, including educational, employment, technological, and reading. Bangladeshi immigrants also reported using public library spaces to cope with migration-related stress for themselves and their families.
Unprecedented Co-occurrence: Identification of a Pathogenic Genetic Variant in the KMT2B Gene in a Wilson Disease Patient with a Pathogenic ATP7B Mutation
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Aliyar Aminu , Saini Arti , Sivasubbu Sridhar , Scaria Vinod , Radhakrishnan Divya M , Rajan Roopa , BK Binukumar
Published: November 2024

The pathophysiology of dystonia in Wilson disease (WD) is complex and poorly understood. Copper accumulation in the basal ganglia, disrupts dopaminergic pathways, contributing to dystonia’s development via neurotransmitter imbalance. Despite advances in diagnosis and management, WD with dystonia remains a challenging condition to treat. We aim to report the unprecedented co-occurrence of pathogenic genetic variants in both the ATP7B and KMT2B genes in a patient with WD. A 13-year-old male presented at 12 with dysarthria and bilateral Kayser-Fleischer rings. Over months, dystonia spread to his left foot, upper limb, and trunk, accompanied by slowed daily activities. Diagnostic tests included MRI for brain structure, abdominal ultrasound for liver function, serum ceruloplasmin and copper levels to assess copper metabolism, and 24-hour urine copper tests for excretion levels. Whole exome sequencing was conducted using genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples. Variant classification followed guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. The sequencing revealed compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the ATP7B gene: NM_000053.4:c.2165dupT and NM_000053.4:c.813C>A. A pathogenic variant in the KMT2B gene, NM_014727:c.3052delA, was identified. This case highlights WD co-occurrence with ATP7B and KMT2B mutations, suggesting KMT2B as a potential genetic modifier.
Bioflavonoid Tangeretin regulates RANK/RANKL/OPG Signaling Proteins via Stimulating Estrogenic Activity in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Tian Weike , Zhang Wei , Chen Li , Liao Junlei , Yang Xuesong
Published: November 2024

Background:

Globally, osteoporosis has arisen as a significant health hazard, impacting over 200 million individuals. It is often reported in women, especially those who are in the postmenopausal stage. Even though numerous reasons are linked with osteoporosis etiology, estrogen deprivation is the prime inducer of osteoporosis.

Purpose:

The present research was intended to detect the bioflavonoid tangeretin potency against ameliorating osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

Methods:

Ovariectomy was performed in healthy female Sprague rats and treated with two different doses of the drug tangeretin. The body weight gain obtained by the experimental animals was noted throughout the experimental period. The uterus and vagina, the organ responsible for estrogen production and activity, were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties of the femur were evaluated to study the impact of tangeretin. Bone biomarkers estradiol, bone GLA protein, and acid phosphatase were quantified to assess the impact of tangeretin on bone turnover. Serum phosphorous, calcium, creatinine, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), which are the osteoporosis risk factors, were analyzed in tangeretin-treated ovariectomized rats. Signaling proteins involved in the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway, which is responsible for bone turnover, were quantified.

Results:

Tangeretin treatment significantly inhibited excess weight gain and increased the uterus and vaginal weight. BMD and biomechanical analysis of the femur prove tangeretin treatment increased the BMD and upgraded the biomechanical properties in ovariectomized animals. Tangeretin increased the estradiol and decreased the bone GLA protein and acid phosphatase. It also increased serum phosphorous, calcium, and creatinine and decreased the TRAP levels, confirming its ameliorative potency against bone turnover. It inhibited RANKL protein and increased the levels of OPG and its signaling molecules in ovariectomized rats. The anti-inflammatory bioflavonoid tangeretin attenuated the inflammatory stimulating cytokines in ovariectomized rats.

Conclusion:

Overall, our analysis confirms tangeretin possesses antiosteoporotic potency which effectively elevates estradiol and attenuates the bone turnover signaling pathway RANK/RANKL/OPG proteins in ovariectomized rats. The results of our research prove the establishment of a treatment strategy using tangeretin can improve bone health and prevent osteoporosis in menopausal women.
On industrial relations and inflation: a long-term perspective
Authors: Cova Joshua
Published: November 2024

The 2021–2023 surge in inflation rates witnessed across many advanced economies reignited concerns about demand-driven inflationary pressures derived from wage growth. Historically, wage demands and demand-driven inflationary pressures have been channelled through organised labour, which wielded greater institutional power than it does today. This article revisits the link between industrial relations and inflation, employing a political-economy lens that views inflation as the product of political and distributive conflicts between capital and labour. Employing a variety of econometric techniques on a panel of OECD economies, the study finds that although historically there has been a positive relationship between strong industrial relations and inflation, this association has weakened progressively, becoming statistically insignificant in recent decades. This indicates that, in advanced capitalist economies, the activities of organised labour are no longer as closely linked to inflation rates as they were in the 1970s.
Dental Treatment Needs Among 16-Year-Old Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: An Observational Study in Western Norway
Authors: Saele Paul K. , Åstrøm Anne N. , Mustafa Manal
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to a) assess intermaxillary sagittal relations, dental alignment, and occlusion among patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate (CL/P) and b) evaluate the need for future dental treatment.

Material/methods

Clinical assessment, lateral cephalogram, orthopantomogram, and study models from 1019 patients with CL/P collected at age 16 from the Bergen national CLP team in Norway. Records included the number of dental agenesis or hypoplasia, ANB angulation, dental alignment, occlusion, oronasal fistula, and indications for future dental treatment needs.

Results

One-third required further treatment by an orthodontist, prosthodontist, or oral surgeon in adulthood, and complete bilateral or unilateral CLP had a significantly higher need than patients with isolated cleft of the lip or the palate. Missing teeth increased the risk for retrognathic maxilla (OR = 3,62), need for orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment (OR = 5.20), and a negative overjet and need for orthognathic surgery (OR = 4.86) (p < 0.001). Oronasal fistula was present in 4.7% of the participants, significantly worsening all clinical indicators (p < 0.001). Boys exhibited more adverse findings than girls, except regarding the need for dental porcelain bridges. A noticeable trend indicated increased dental treatment needs among 16-year-old patients with clefts born between 1990–2001, compared to patients born between 1980–1990.

Conclusions/Implications

The findings underscore the need for comprehensive, individualized treatment plans and interdisciplinary dental services for adult patients with CL/P. The original cleft pattern, male gender, presence of oronasal fistula, and a high number of missing teeth negatively influenced the dental status and treatment outcomes measured at the 16-year-old assessment.
Type of Cleft and Socioeconomic Determinants for Increased Caries Risk Among Young Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: van der Knaap-Kind L.S. , Wolvius E.B. , Kragt L.
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to identify the predictive role of cleft type, ethnicity, adoption status, spoken language at home and parental education level on the caries risk in the primary dentition of patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). This knowledge is used to make an estimate on increased caries risk in young patients with CL/P.

A retrospective analysis of data concerning dental caries and basic characteristics of patients with CL/P was done. Patients were born and registered in 2016, 2017, or 2018 at the cleft team of the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

After Chi-square tests, the cleft type ( P = .02), country of birth father ( P < .001), country of birth mother ( P = .002), parental educational level ( P = .006), and spoken language at home ( P = .002) were significantly different between 144 patients with CL/P with and without caries. Items were used in binary logistic regressions and after stepwise backward elimination resulting in most important determinants for caries in the primary dentition in patients with CL/P being: father born in another country than the Netherlands (odds ratio [OR]  = 4.87, P = .001), a cleft lip alveolus and palate phenotype (OR  = 3.54, P = .002), and a lower parental educational level (OR  = 2.30, P = .04).

The recommendation for the dental care professional will be to use these 3 determinants as a first prediction on future dental caries. This helps the dental professional in clinical decisions as recall intervals, referral to specialized dental care and extensiveness of caries prevention strategies and thereby improves oral health of patients born with CL/P.
Non-Nutritive Suck and Parent Report of Feeding Skills in Infants Born With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Martens Alaina , Rogers-Vizena Carolyn R. , Zimmerman Emily
Published: November 2024

Objective

To compare non-nutritive sucking (NNS) and caregiver-reported feeding skills in infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) to a control group of typically developing infants without CL/P. To examine differences in NNS patterns and feeding behavior between cleft phenotypes.

Design

Prospective, cross-sectional study comparing infants born with CL/P to an age-matched control group with no congenital anomalies.

Setting

Urban, academic, tertiary care children's hospital and academic department of speech-language pathology.

Patients, Participants

Forty-two infants (21 with CL/P; 21 without CL/P), 6 months of age and younger were included. Infants with syndromes or who underwent cleft repair were excluded.

Main Outcome Measures

A 5min NNS sample was collected from the infant sucking on the lab's custom research pacifier. The infant's caregiver completed the Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool (NeoEAT) bottle-feeding section about their infant's feeding behaviors.

Results

Infants with CL/P demonstrated slower NNS frequency ( P = .04) and reduced suck amplitude ( P = .04) compared to the control group. Caregivers of infants with CL/P reported a higher incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms ( P = .04) and overall feeding difficulties ( P = .03) relative to the control group. There were no significant differences between CL/P phenotypes for NNS or caregiver reported outcomes.

Conclusions

Infants with CL/P demonstrate differences in NNS physiology and caregiver report measures of feeding compared to age-matched controls. These findings support the need for interventions to optimize sucking and feeding skill development in infants with CL/P.
A Rare Collision of Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma and Second Recurrent Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma 8 Years After Hysterectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Zhou Yue , Zhang Weiru , Li Yang , Ma Yanhui , Liu Peishu
Published: November 2024

Low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is a rare malignancy of mesenchymal origin in the female reproductive system, which has the characteristic of late recurrence. Endometrial carcinoma is a group of epithelial tumors, and is one of the most common gynecological malignancies among women worldwide. The coexistence of LG-ESS and endometrial carcinoma is extremely rare, and there is no relevant report about the collision of endometrial carcinoma and recurrent LG-ESS currently. In the present study, we report a tumor of recurrent LG-ESS accompanied with endometrioid adenocarcinoma in a young patient 8 years after hysterectomy. She was first diagnosed with LG-ESS at the age of 19 and received fertility-sparing therapy. During the 13-year follow-up period, she successfully delivered and experienced two recurrences of LG-ESS, and an unexpected endometrioid adenocarcinoma component was found in the second recurrent tumor. Adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy were administrated to the patient after completely removing the tumor, and no sign of disease recurrence or metastasis were found 7 months after the last surgery. This study emphasizes the importance of long-term management of LG-ESS and brings new insights to clinicians and pathologists about collision tumors involving recurrent tumor.
MSH2-Mutated Lynch Syndrome With 9 Synchronous Colon and Rectum Adenocarcinomas: An Extremely Rare Case Report
Authors: Kavus Haluk , Dorion Robert Patrick
Published: November 2024

Synchronous colorectal carcinoma is having more than 1 primary carcinoma detected in a single patient at the same time or within 6 months of tumor diagnosis. Metachronous colorectal carcinoma is the presence of more than 1 primary carcinoma detected consecutively in a single person after a set time interval. Patients with Lynch syndrome and Muir-Torre syndrome (a subset of Lynch syndrome) inherit a germline mutation in 1 of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma have a higher proportion of MMR-mutated cancers than patients with solitary colorectal carcinoma. Most studies in the literature indicate that patients with synchronous colorectal cancers typically have only 2 carcinomas. However, there have been reports of a single patient having up to 6 synchronous carcinomas in the large intestine. This report discusses a patient with 9 simultaneous colorectal cancers at the initial diagnosis, along with a history of bladder cancer, sebaceous adenoma, and duodenal adenoma, associated with a germline mutS homolog 2 ( MSH2) mutation. Additionally, the report explores various aspects of having synchronous colorectal cancers. More studies are needed to clarify the clinicopathologic and molecular landscape of these rare tumors and identify the best management and treatment strategies for these patients.
SMARCA4 Deficient Gastric Carcinoma With Squamous Differentiation in a Young Patient With Aggressive Clinical Course
Authors: Misra Sunayana , Szeto Wai , Centeno Lisa , Castillo Dani , Rucker Adam , Rahmanuddin Syed , Mannan Rifat
Published: November 2024

Inactivation of SMARCA4 (BRG1), a subunit of SWI/SNF complex, has been reported in malignancies from various sites, including the thorax, uterus, ovary, and gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with aggressive clinical course. These tumors have been reported primarily in elderly patients and on histology demonstrate high-grade morphology, often with rhabdoid differentiation. SMARCA4 loss is exceedingly rare in primary gastric cancers. Here, we present a unique example of SMARCA4 deficient gastric carcinoma in a 28-year-old male patient with molecular confirmation which showed a poorly differentiated histology and focal squamous differentiation. Despite multidisciplinary management, including FOLFOX chemotherapy, immunotherapy (nivolumab), and surgical resection, the patient succumbed to his disease within 2 years of diagnosis. This case report highlights the aggressive nature of SMARCA4-deficient carcinomas, which are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy, and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and exploring alternative therapeutic approaches for such malignancies.
SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Gallbladder Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ma Xiaoting , Long Xinyuan , Song Fang , Lv Jinghuan
Published: November 2024

Nonsense mutations or inactivation of SMARCA4 (BRG1) are associated with the histological manifestations of many undifferentiated tumors in humans. However, the relationship between SMARCA4 mutations and undifferentiated gallbladder cancer needs to be further elucidated. SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated gallbladder cancer is a rare and highly malignant tumor. We present a patient with SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated gallbladder cancer with genetic testing of related genes that revealed mutations at 2 loci. There are currently very few reports related to this tumor worldwide, and protocols for diagnosis and treatment are limited. Therefore, we collected and analyzed clinical data from this patient, along with relevant literature, to create a comprehensive summary.
Disparities in Lung Cancer Screening in Hispanic Head and Neck Cancer Survivors
Authors: Olazagasti Coral , Crane Tracy , de Lima Lopes Gilberto
Published: November 2024

Effective cancer screening is essential for early detection and improved survival outcomes. Cancer is a leading cause of death for Hispanics/Latinx, who represent the largest minority group in the U.S. Despite lower tobacco use, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Hispanic/Latinx men and the second leading cause in women. Late-stage diagnoses, due to limited screening opportunities, contribute to poor survival rates. Cancer survivors, especially those previously diagnosed with head and neck cancer, face a significantly increased risk of developing lung cancer. Approximately one-fourth of head and neck cancer survivors die from a second malignancy, with lung cancer accounting for over half of these cases. These individuals are nearly three times more likely to develop lung cancer compared to the general population of smokers. In this manuscript, we detail the importance of implementing lung cancer screening in these high-risk populations.
Effect of Calcium Channel Blockers on Antiplatelet Activity of Clopidogrel in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights from the PTRG-DES Consortium
Authors: Ahn HoungBeom , Chu Hyun-Wook , Her Ae-Young , Jeong Young-Hoon , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Joo Hyung Joon , Chang Kiyuk , Park Yongwhi , Ahn Sung Gyun , Lee Sang Yeup , Cho Jung Rae , Kim Hyo-Soo , Kim Moo Hyun , Lim Do-Sun , Shin Eun-Seok , Suh Jung-Won ,   On Behalf of the PTRG-DES Consortium Investigators
Published: November 2024

Aims: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are frequently co-administered with clopidogrel in cardiovascular disease. Although an inhibitory drug interaction exists between them, comprehensive large-scale studies for its validation are lacking. We investigated interactions between CCBs and clopidogrel using a large-scale national registry of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results: The Platelet function and genoType-Related long-term Prognosis-Platelet Function Test consortium investigates the association between platelet function test and long-term prognosis during dual antiplatelet therapy including clopidogrel in patients using drug-eluting stents. We compared the ex vivo platelet reactivity using the VerifyNow P2Y12 test and clinical outcomes between CCB users and non-users. Between 2003 and 2018, 11 714 patients were enrolled and categorized into two groups according to CCB usage. A composite endpoint encompassing all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, or stroke was defined as a major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE). During the 5-year follow-up period, no significant differences were observed in P2Y12 reaction units (215.8 ± 84.7 vs 218.4 ± 76.7, P = .156), MACCEs, major bleeding, or high platelet reactivity rates, even after adjusting for propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). When limited to the high platelet reactivity cohort (≥252 PRU), the results remained consistent for MACCE [PSM-adjusted, HR: 0.923 (0.644-1.323), P-value .663; IPTW-adjusted, HR: 1.300 (0.822-2.056), P-value .262]. Conclusions: CCB and clopidogrel co-administration does not appear to significantly impact clopidogrel responsiveness or clinical outcomes. Despite these promising results, further investigation may be warranted. Clinical trial registration: Platelet Function and genoType-Related Long-term progGosis in DES-treated Patients: A Consortium From Multi-centered Registries [PTRG-DES]; NCT04734028