bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potato Virus Y Emergence and Evolution from the Andes of South America to Become a Major Destructive Pathogen of Potato and Other Solanaceous Crops Worldwide
Authors: Torrance Lesley , Talianksy Michael E.
Published: December 2020

The potato was introduced to Europe from the Andes of South America in the 16th century, and today it is grown worldwide; it is a nutritious staple food eaten by millions and underpins food security in many countries. Unknowingly, potato virus Y (PVY) was also introduced through trade in infected potato tubers, and it has become the most important viral pathogen of potato. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed the spread and emergence of strains of PVY, including strains causing economically important diseases in tobacco, tomato and pepper, and that the virus continues to evolve with the relatively recent emergence of new damaging recombinant strains. High-throughput, next-generation sequencing platforms provide powerful tools for detection, identification and surveillance of new PVY strains. Aphid vectors of PVY are expected to increase in incidence and abundance in a warmer climate, which will increase the risk of virus spread. Wider deployment of crop cultivars carrying virus resistance will be an important means of defence against infection. New cutting-edge biotechnological tools such as CRISPR and SIGS offer a means for rapid engineering of resistance in established cultivars. We conclude that in future, human activities and ingenuity should be brought to bear to control PVY and the emergence of new strains in key crops by increased focus on host resistance and factors driving virus evolution and spread.
Bovine Adenovirus-3 Tropism for Bovine Leukocyte Sub-Populations
Authors: Khosa Sugandhika , Bravo Araya Maria , Griebel Philip , Arsic Natasa , Tikoo Suresh
Published: December 2020

A number of characteristics including lack of virulence and the ability to grow to high titers, have made bovine adenovirus-3 (BAdV-3) a vector of choice for further development as a vaccine-delivery vehicle for cattle. Despite the importance of blood leukocytes, including dendritic cells (DC), in the induction of protective immune responses, little is known about the interaction between BAdV-3 and bovine blood leukocytes. Here, we demonstrate that compared to other leukocytes, bovine blood monocytes and neutrophils are significantly transduced by BAdV404a (BAdV-3, expressing enhanced yellow green fluorescent protein [EYFP]) at a MOI of 1–5 without a significant difference in the mean fluorescence of EYFP expression. Moreover, though expression of some BAdV-3-specific proteins was observed, no progeny virions were detected in the transduced monocytes or neutrophils. Interestingly, addition of the “RGD” motif at the C-terminus of BAdV-3 minor capsid protein pIX (BAV888) enhanced the ability of the virus to enter the monocytes without altering the tropism of BAdV-3. The increased uptake of BAV888 by monocytes was associated with a significant increase in viral genome copies and the abundance of EYFP and BAdV-3 19K transcripts compared to BAdV404a-transduced monocytes. Our results suggest that BAdV-3 efficiently transduces monocytes and neutrophils in the absence of viral replication. Moreover, RGD-modified capsid significantly increases vector uptake without affecting the initial interaction with monocytes.
Unveiling Viruses Associated with Gastroenteritis Using a Metagenomics Approach
Authors: Fernandez-Cassi Xavier , Martínez-Puchol Sandra , Silva-Sales Marcelle , Cornejo Thais , Bartolome Rosa , Bofill-Mas Silvia , Girones Rosina
Published: December 2020

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is an important illness worldwide, especially on children, with viruses accounting for approximately 70% of the acute cases. A high number of these cases have an unknown etiological agent and the rise of next generation sequencing technologies has opened new opportunities for viral pathogen detection and discovery. Viral metagenomics in routine clinical settings has the potential to identify unexpected or novel variants of viral pathogens that cause gastroenteritis. In this study, 124 samples from acute gastroenteritis patients from 2012–2014 previously tested negative for common gastroenteritis pathogens were pooled by age and analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) to elucidate unidentified viral infections. The most abundant sequences detected potentially associated to acute gastroenteritis were from Astroviridae and Caliciviridae families, with the detection of norovirus GIV and sapoviruses. Lower number of contigs associated to rotaviruses were detected. As expected, other viruses that may be associated to gastroenteritis but also produce persistent infections in the gut were identified including several Picornaviridae members (EV, parechoviruses, cardioviruses) and adenoviruses. According to the sequencing data, astroviruses, sapoviruses and NoV GIV should be added to the list of viral pathogens screened in routine clinical analysis.
Application of an Index-Based Approach in Geospatial Techniques for the Mapping of Flood Hazard Areas: A Case of Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana
Authors: Danso Samuel Yaw , Ma Yi , Adjakloe Yvonne Dodzi Ami , Addo Isaac Yeboah
Published: December 2020

Floods remain one of the disasters that destroy properties, livelihoods, and in extreme situations, take lives. As a way of prevention, geospatial applications have been employed in many cities to map flood zones and predict floods. For a country such as Ghana, floods have been ranked as the second fatal disaster after epidemics leading to several kinds of research to resolve them. To date, the Cape Coast Metropolis (CCM) has received little attention in terms of research, though flood cases in the area continue to escalate. This study, therefore, examines the use of geospatial techniques as tools in addressing flood problems in the CCM of Ghana. From a Digital Elevation Model, hydrologic variables were generated using the ArcGIS software (Esri, Redlands, CA, USA). The soil drainage classification for the study was generated from a downloaded African Soil Grid Drainage map, while other important factors that influenced flooding in the CCM were obtained from Landsat 8 imagery. Over 21% of the CCM was classified as high flood hazard zones with areas around the river Kakum estuary being flood hotspots. It is, therefore, recommended that the CCM Assembly fund dredging of streams/rivers and promote afforestation along river banks to reduce the risk of flooding within the metropolis.
Evaluation of the Performance of Different Methods for Estimating Evaporation over a Highland Open Freshwater Lake in Mountainous Area
Authors: Meng Xiaoni , Liu Huizhi , Du Qun , Xu Lujun , Liu Yang
Published: December 2020

Lake evaporation is an important link connecting the water cycle and the surface energy cycle and remains one of the most uncertain terms in the local catchment’s water balance. Quantifying lake evaporation and its variability is crucial to improve water resource management and understand the response of the lake system towards climate change. In this study, we evaluated the performances of nine evaporation methods at different timescales and calibrated them by using the continuous eddy covariance (EC) observation data during 2015–2018 over Erhai Lake, a highland open freshwater lake situated in the Dali valley, China. The nine evaporation methods could be classified into combination methods (Bowen-ratio energy budget, Penman, Priestley–Taylor, DeBruin–Keijman and Brutsaert–Stricker), solar radiation-based methods (Jensen–Haise and Makkink) and Dalton-based method (mass transfer and Ryan–Harleman) based on their parameterization schemes. The Dalton-based Ryan–Harleman method is most suitable for estimating evaporation at daily to weekly scales, while the combination methods and solar radiation-based method had good estimates at monthly timescale. After calibration, the biases of the Jensen–Haise and Ryan–Harleman method were slightly reduced, while the biases of the Makkink and mass transfer methods were reduced substantially. The calibrated Jensen–Haise method with small annual bias (−2.2~2.8%) and simple input variables was applied to estimate the long-term trend of evaporation during 1981–2018. The annual total evaporation showed an insignificant increasing trend of 0.30 mm year−1, mainly caused by the significant rising air temperature. This study showed the performance of evaporation methods over water bodies had large discrepancies on different time scales, which indicated the importance of the choice of evaporation methods and provided instruction for water resource management of this region under climate change.
Experimental and Numerical Determination of the Head Loss of a Pressure Driven Flow through an Unlined Rock-Blasted Tunnel
Authors: Aberle Jochen , Henry Pierre-Yves , Kleischmann Fabian , Navaratnam Christy Ushanth , Vold Mari , Eikenberg Ralph , Olsen Nils Reidar Bøe
Published: December 2020

The friction loss in a part of the rock-blasted unlined tunnel of the Litjfossen hydropower plant in Norway was determined from experimental and numerical studies. Remote sensing data from the prototype tunnel provided the input data for both the numerical model and the construction of a 1:15 scale model with an innovative milling approach. The numerical simulations were based on the solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using the CFD program OpenFoam. Head loss measurements in the scale model were carried out by means of pressure measurements for a range of discharges and were compared against the results of the numerical model. The measured data were used to determine the Darcy–Weisbach and Manning friction factors of the investigated tunnel reach. The high-resolution remote sensing data were also used to test the applicability of existing approaches to determine the friction factor in unlined rock blasted tunnels. The results of the study show the usefulness of the chosen hybrid approach of experimental investigations and numerical simulations and that existing approaches for the determination of head losses in unlined tunnels need to be further refined.
Estimation of the Dependence of Ice Phenomena Trends on Air and Water Temperature in River
Authors: Graf Renata
Published: December 2020

The identification of changes in the ice phenomena (IP) in rivers is a significant element of analyses of hydrological regime features, of the risk of occurrence of ice jam floods, and of the ecological effects of river icing (RI). The research here conducted aimed to estimate the temporal and spatial changes in the IP in a lowland river in the temperate climate (the Noteć River, Poland, Central Europe), depending on air temperature (TA) and water temperature (TW) during the multi-annual period of 1987–2013. Analyses were performed of IP change trends in three RI phases: freezing, when there appears stranded ice (SI), frazil ice (FI), or stranded ice with frazil ice (SI–FI); the phase of stable ice cover (IC) and floating ice (FoI); and the phase of stranded ice with floating ice (SI–FoI), frazil ice with floating ice (FI–FoI), and ice jams (IJs). Estimation of changes in IP in connection with TA and TW made use of the regression model for count data with a negative binomial distribution and of the zero-inflated negative binomial model. The analysis of the multi-annual change tendency of TA and TW utilized a non-parametric Mann–Kendall test for detecting monotonic trends with Yue–Pilon correction (MK–YP). Between two and seven types of IP were registered at individual water gauges, while differences were simultaneously demonstrated in their change trends over the researched period. The use of the Vuong test confirmed the greater effectiveness of estimates for the zero-inflated model than for the temporal trend model, thanks to which an increase in the probability of occurrence of the SI phenomenon in the immediate future was determined; this, together with FI, was found to be the most frequently occurring IP in rivers in the temperate climate. The models confirmed that TA is the best estimator for the evaluation of trends of the occurrence of IC. It was shown that the predictive strength of models increases when thermal conditions are taken into consideration, but it is not always statistically significant. In all probability, this points to the impact of local factors (changes in bed and valley morphology and anthropogenic pressure) that are active regardless of thermal conditions and modify the features of the thermal-ice regime of rivers at specific spatial locations. The results of research confirm the effectiveness of compilating a few models for the estimation of the dependence of IP trends on air and water temperature in a river.
Public Participation of the River Chief System in China: Current Trends, Problems, and Perspectives
Authors: Wu Chenhui , Ju Maosen , Wang Longfei , Gu Xiangyi , Jiang Cuiling
Published: December 2020

The River Chief System (RCS) is an effective measure for China to solve complex water problems and maintain the health of rivers and lakes. It is an institutional innovation to improve the water governance system and ensure national water security. Guiding and encouraging the public to participate in the construction of the RCS can promote the improvement of the level of social governance. The RCS is an effective supplement and supervision to the performance of the river chief and related departments, which can effectively promote the transformation of the RCS from nominal to practical and efficient. This study summarizes the innovative models and practical effects of, and public participation in, the RCS, analyzes the prominent problems, and proposes some measures to maximize the influence of public participation. The study provides insights on how to ensure the long-term operation of the RCS, a reference for countries around the world as a suitable solution for the sustainable management of water environments.
Structural Characteristics and Driving Factors of the Planktonic Eukaryotic Community in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, China
Authors: Zheng Bao-Hai , Chen Zhao-Jin , Li Yu-Ying , Fohrer Nicola , Zhang Yun , Wu Dong-Yu , Yan Xue-Yan , Li Bai-Lian
Published: December 2020

Planktonic eukaryotes are widespread in aquatic ecosystems, and the study of their community composition and driving factors is of great significance to protecting and maintaining the balance of these ecosystems. This study evaluates five typical ecological sites in the Danjiangkou Reservoir—the water source for the project. This was done to comprehensively understand the composition of Danjiangkou Reservoir planktonic eukaryotes, and ensure the ecological balance of the water source for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The diversity of the planktonic eukaryotes in surface water and the factors driving changes in their abundance are analyzed with an 18S ribosomal DNA sequencing approach. Monitoring shows that the Danjiangkou Reservoir has good water quality. The Danjiangkou Reservoir planktonic eukaryote community is mainly composed of 11 phyla, of which Cryptomonadales is dominant, accounting for an average percentage of 65.19% of the community (47.2–84.90%). LEFSe analysis shows significant differences among samples in the abundances of 13 phyla, 20 classes, 23 orders, 26 families, and 27 genera, and there are also significant differences in the diversity of planktonic eukaryotes at different temporal and spatial scales. Redundancy analysis (RDA) show that water temperature, DO, SD, TN, and Chla are significant factors that affect the composition of the planktonic eukaryote community. Spearman rank correlation analysis combined with taxonomic difference analysis shows that Kathablepharidae and Choanoflagellida are not sensitive to environmental or physicochemical factors and that the interannual variations in their abundance are not significant. Network analysis shows that Protalveolata, Basidiomycota, P1-31, Bicosoecida, and Ochrophyta represent important nodes in the single-factor network, while Chytridiomycota, P1-31, Cryptomycota, Ochrophyta, Ichthyosporea, Bicosoecida, Protalveolata, and physicochemical factors (ORP, TN, WT, DO, SD, NH3-N, and NO3-N) represent important nodes in the two-factor network.
Downscaling Regional Hydrological Forecast for Operational Use in Local Early Warning: HYPE Models in the Sirba River
Authors: Massazza Giovanni , Tarchiani Vieri , Andersson Jafet C. M. , Ali Abdou , Ibrahim Mohamed Housseini , Pezzoli Alessandro , De Filippis Tiziana , Rocchi Leandro , Minoungou Bernard , Gustafsson David , Rosso Maurizio
Published: December 2020

In the last decades since the dramatic increase in flood frequency and magnitude, floods have become a crucial problem in West Africa. National and international authorities concentrate efforts on developing early warning systems (EWS) to deliver flood alerts and prevent loss of lives and damages. Usually, regional EWS are based on hydrological modeling, while local EWS adopt field observations. This study aims to integrate outputs from two regional hydrological models—Niger HYPE (NH) and World-Wide HYPE (WWH)—in a local EWS developed for the Sirba River. Sirba is the major tributary of Middle Niger River Basin and is supported by a local EWS since June 2019. Model evaluation indices were computed with 5-day forecasts demonstrating a better performance of NH (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency NSE = 0.58) than WWH (NSE = 0.10) and the need of output optimization. The optimization conducted with a linear regression post-processing technique improves performance significantly to “very good” for NH (Heidke skill score HSS = 0.53) and “good” for WWH (HSS = 0.28). HYPE outputs allow to extend local EWS warning lead-time up to 10 days. Since the transfer informatic environment is not yet a mature operational system 10–20% of forecasts were unfortunately not produced in 2019, impacting operational availability.
Міжнародні та європейські стандарти захисту прав вразливих груп населення
Authors: Матвєєва Л.
Published: December 2020

У статті розглянуто та проаналізовано проблеми правового захисту вразливих груп населення в контексті формування активної правозахисної політики держави, спрямованої на підвищення спроможності соціально вразливих груп та зниження ризиків зростання соціальної напруги у суспільстві. Презентовано результати аналізу європейського досвіду протидії нетерпимості та дискримінації.
Деякі питання діяльності прокурора при виконанні судових рішень, пов’язаних із застосуванням примусових заходів медичного характеру
Authors: Смирнова-Бартенєва В.
Published: December 2020

У статті розглядаються окремі питання діяльності прокурора при виконанні судових рішень, пов’язаних із застосуванням примусових заходів медичного характеру. Проведено аналіз чинних законів та законодавчих змін щодо функції здійснення органами прокуратури нагляду за додержанням законів при виконанні судових рішень у кримінальних справах, а також при застосуванні інших заходів примусового характеру, пов’язаних з обмеженням особистої свободи громадян.
Невизнані держави сучасного світу: проблеми міжнародно-правового визнання і шляхи їх подолання
Authors: Дзюба Я. , Остафійчук О.
Published: December 2020

У статті досліджено теорії та види міжнародно-правового визнання, проаналізовано їх переваги та недоліки. Окреслено причини та способи появи невизнаних держав, наведено основні підходи їх класифікації. Обґрунтовано необхідність якнайшвидшого вирішення проблем, що наразі існують у даному інституті, запропоновано виробити формальні критерії, що дадуть світовій спільноті змогу (в разі виконання певних умов) легітимізувати новостворені держави, регламентувати та закріпити єдину процедуру міжнародного визнання.
Considerações sobre a crítica marxista à dinâmica da pobreza na sociabilidade capitalista e seu caráter estrutural
Authors: Andrade Fabrício
Published: December 2020

É objetivo deste artigo debater a crítica marxista à pobreza na sociedade capitalista em face ao seu caráter funcional e estrutural na sociabilidade capitalista. A análise marxista demonstra que as respostas liberais engendradas para o enfrentamento da pobreza não escapam ao seu enfoque segmentado e parcial, sendo incapazes de chagar ao cerne da produção da pobreza como resultado do desenvolvimento capitalista.
Aspectos do conservadorismo higienista no Serviço Social clínico
Authors: Da Cunha Angely Dias , Nunes Aguiar Ariadna
Published: December 2020

Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental alicerçada no materialismo histórico-dialético e tem por objetivo geral analisar a presença do conservadorismo higienista no serviço social clínico e seus desdobramentos para efetivação do projeto ético-político. Com o intuito de apreender o objeto por meio das categorias heurísticas do método crítico-dialético problematiza-se o avanço do conservadorismo na sociedade e no serviço social em uma conjuntura marcada pela crise do capitalismo e contrarreforma do Estado. Nessa elucubração ontológica, identificou-se a presença de um perfil profissional terapêutico conservador adequado à reprodução do capitalismo e contrário ao projeto ético-político.
Serviço Social e a temática família
Authors: Horst Claudio Henrique Miranda
Published: December 2020

O artigo apresenta a dialética renovação/conservadorismo na produção teórica e no trabalho profissional com famílias a partir de duas frentes: a) a recuperação histórica de três momentos da profissão (gênese/renovação/aproximação com o marxismo) e sua relação com a temática família; b) a compreensão de família apresentada por assistentes sociais em artigos publicados nos Encontros Nacionais de Pesquisadores em Serviço Social (ENPESS) entre 2004 e 2012. Por meio de uma pesquisa documental, com análise de conteúdo, busca-se decifrar os elementos históricos que se reatualizam, no presente, ou que são fontes de rupturas. Conclui-se que, diante da persistência de perspectivas conservadoras, na contramão da direção assumida há mais de 40 anos pela profissão, impõe-se, como urgente, a produção crítica do conhecimento sobre família.
Speech Synthesis System for the Holy Quran Recitation
Authors: Bettayeb Nadjla , Guerti Mhania
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to develop a Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis system for the holly quran recitation, to properly helps reciters and facilitates its use. In this work, the unit selection method is adopted and improved to reach a good speech quality. The proposed approach consists mainly of two steps. In the first one, an Expert System (ES) module is integrated by employing Arabic, Quran language, phonetic and phonological features. This part was considered as a preselection to optimize the synthesis algorithm's speed. The second step is the final selection of units by minimizing a concatenation cost function and a forward-backward dynamic programming search. The system is evaluated by native and non-native Arabic speakers. The results show that the goal of a correct Quran recitation by respecting its reading rules was reached, with 97 % of speech intelligibility and 72.13% of naturalness
Torakolomber Vertebra Kırıklarında Posterior Stabilizasyon Uygulanan Hastalarımızda Geç Dönem Sonuçlarımız
Authors: TOSYALI Hakan Koray , HANCIOĞLU Sertan , ERKAN Serkan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada 2007- 2015 tarihleri arasında C.B.Ü.T.F Hastanesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniğinde cerrahi yolla tedavi edilen Torakolomber vertebra kırığı bulunan 17 olgunun retrospektif değerlendirilmesi yapıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların en genci 20, en yaşlısı 63 yaşındaydı ve hastaların yaş ortalaması 43.05 ±13,25 olarak belirlendi. Bu çalışmadaki 17 hastanın 9 ‘u (%52.9) kadın, 8‘si (%47.1) ise erkekti. Etyolojik faktör 7 olguda (%41,2) yüksekten düşme ,7 olguda (%41,2) trafik kazası, 2 olguda (%11,8) araç dışı trafik kazası ve 1 olguda (%5,9) darp idi. Olguların beşinde (%29,4) L3, üçünde (%17,6) L1, üçünde (%17,6) T12 ,ikisinde (%11,8) T8 ve bir hastada (%5,9) T10 ,bir hastada (%5,9) L2 ve bir hastada (%5,9) L4 ve bir hastada da (%5,9) L5 kırık idi. Hastaların %82,4 ini patlama tarzı kırıklar oluşturmaktadır. Ek yaralanmalara bakıldığında ise en sık fıbula şaft kırığı yaralanması görülmektedir. Hastaların hepsine posterior spinal segmental enstrumantasyon uygulandı. Tüm olgularda füzyon amacı ile hastanın kendi kemikleri karıştırılarak kullanıldı. Operasyonlarda ortalama 2 ,05 ünite kan kullanılmıştır.1 hastada implant kırılması ve yetmezliği görüldü. Hastaların ameliyat öncesinde , ameliyat sonrasında ve son kontrollerde klinik ve radyolojik sonuçları değerlendirildi. Ölçülen radyolojik parametreler arasında ayakta yan grafilerde ; anterior korpus yükseklik kaybı , sagittal indeks , lokal kifoz açısı ,anterior kompresyon açısı yer almakta idi. Ayrıca 17 hastanın, ameliyat öncesi ve son kontrollerdeki bilgisayarlı tomografide transvers ve ön-arka spinal kanal çapları değerlendirildi. Son kontrollerde hastaların klinik gözlemleri vizüel analog skala (VAS) ,Roland –morris skalası ve Oswestry skorlama sistemi kullanılarak kaydedildi ve sonuçlar değerlendirildi.
Vajinal Akıntı Şikayeti Olan Kadınlarda Sık Görülen Genital Yol Enfeksiyonlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: RAHMAN Süheyla , OZAN Ahmet Tevfik
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Genital yol enfeksiyonları, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde sık görülen önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu çalışma bir kadın doğum hastanesi polikliniklerine genital akıntı nedeni ile başvuran kadınlarda sık görülen genital yol enfeksiyonlarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma; Elazığ Sara Hatun Kadın Doğum Hastanesi polikliniklerine genital akıntı nedeni ile başvuran ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 507 kadın ile yapılmıştır. Hastaların akıntı örnekleri, laboratuarda Affirm VPIII kiti kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bilgisayarda SPSS programına kaydedilmiş, istatistiksel analizler X² (ki kare) testi ve Fisher’s Exact test kullanılarak yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan kadınların %92,5’i 15-49 yaş aralığındadır. Bu kadınların %42,0’sinde yapılan laboratuar çalışmasında G. vaginalis, Candida albicans ve T. vaginalis’den en az bir tanesi pozitif bulunmuştur. Birinci sırada G.vaginalis, ikinci sırada Candida albicans, üçüncü sırada ise T. Vaginalis enfeksiyon etkeni görülmüştür. Kadınların yaşadıkları yer, eğitim, çalışma ve medeni durumlarına göre enfeksiyon etkeni arasında anlamlılık bulunmamıştır. Evlilik bağında resmi nikahı olmayanlarda ve eşinde genital yol ile bulaşan bir hastalığı olanlarda enfeksiyon oran daha yüksek bulunmuştur. (p
Manejo de la glicemia en el contexto agudo del evento cerebrovascular isquémico
Authors: Marin Barboza Lorenzo , Durán Daniel Hernández , Anchía Douglas Mejías
Published: December 2020

La enfermedad Cerebrovascular es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel global, siendo el evento isquémico, donde el flujo sanguíneo hacia el cerebro se interrumpe, la forma de presentación más común, abarcando globalmente un 68% de todos los eventos cerebrovasculares, y 32% los eventos hemorrágicos.

 

Los Eventos Cerebrovasculares Isquémicos (ECVI), en un 40% de las ocasiones se acompañan de cifras glucémicas elevadas, ya sean pacientes con un diagnóstico previo de diabetes o pacientes no diabéticos. La cuantificación de estos valores, detectables desde el ingreso, es esencial, ya que es conocido que la glucemia en la fase aguda del evento se comporta como un predictor independiente de resultados negativos en la evolución del paciente. Aún así, poco se sabe, con evidencia de peso, de cual es el rango glucémica ideal en el cual se debe mantener a estos pacientes para prevenir estas complicaciones y mucho menos se tiene claro cuál es la manera más eficaz y oportuna de controlar estos parametros metabolicos. Por eso el objetivo de este documento es revisar la bibliografía reciente que trate este tópico, con el fin de recabar la información necesaria que pueda esclarecer el manejo de la hiperglucemia en el contexto del ECVI, e indagar en la eficacia y seguridad de los métodos actualmente en uso.
Cefalea post- punción dural
Authors: Baltodano Torres Breidy , Hidalgo Mora Oscar Felipe , Baumgartner Camila Castro
Published: December 2020

La cefalea post-punción dural (CPPD) es una patología de amplio conocimiento, la cual se produce como principal complicación posterior a realizar un procedimiento de diagnóstico y tratamiento el cual es la punción espinal. Este se caracteriza por la fuga de líquido cefalorraquídeo con posterior disminución de la presión intracraneal. Se distingue por una serie de manifestaciones entre ellas la más importante cefalea intensa, tipo sordo, no pulsante, generalmente de localización fronto-occipital, que empeora los primeros 15 minutos después de levantarse y mejora en 15 minutos después de cambiar a posición decúbito supino. El diagnóstico es clínico, pero cuando no se está seguro se puede confirmar con pruebas de imágenes. El tratamiento debe realizarse lo antes posible y se divide en conservador e intervencionista, cuya elección dependerá de la sintomatología. En este artículo se resumirá la fisiopatología, incidencia, factores de riesgos, presentación clínica, prevención, diagnóstico y tratamientos de esta condición.
Enfermedad celiaca en niños
Authors: Segreda Castro Sofia , Araya Cristine Segura
Published: December 2020

La enfermedad celíaca es una patología crónica autoinmune relacionada con los alimentos, que se manifiesta en sujetos genéticamente predispuestos luego de una exposición al gluten. La proteína del gluten se deriva del trigo, cebada y centeno y contiene componentes tóxicos llamados gliadinas, las cuales producen daño a nivel de intestino delgado, produciendo síntomas como malestar estomacal, diarrea e irritabilidad, que pueden ser confundidas con otras enfermedades. 

El diagnóstico se realiza mediante la historia clínica, endoscopía y serologías. Posterior a este, el tratamiento será basado en una dieta 100% libre de gluten y un adecuado seguimiento.
Rabdomiosarcoma genitourinario en el paciente pediátrico: Un reporte de caso
Authors: Vargas Castillo Priscilla María , Gamboa Chaves Yessika
Published: December 2020

El rabdomiosarcoma en el paciente pediátrico es el tumor de tejidos blandos más frecuente. Se originan en cualquier zona del cuerpo, siendo la localización genitourinaria la segunda en frecuencia tras la cabeza y el cuello. 

La clínica evidente se presenta como la aparición de una masa en tejido blando. En el caso de la localización en el tracto genitourinario los síntomas típicos de presentación incluyen dolor, estranguria, hematuria.  

El diagnóstico debe realizarse mediante biopsia y estudios de extensión. Mientras que el tratamiento es multidisciplinario y basado en la clasificación de riesgo del tumor.
Beneficios del ejercicio en el envejecimiento y patologías asociadas.
Authors: Montealegre Lobo Ignacio
Published: December 2020

La incorporación de actividad física a la vida del individuo representa una ganancia para su salud.  El garantizar que la población adulta mayor se ejercite genera el aumento en el flujo sanguíneo cerebral, la producción factores tróficos encargados en mediar procesos como la plasticidad y la neurogénesis, el aumento en la sensibilidad a la insulina, la disminución en la rigidez arterial y además como tratamiento no farmacológico de enfermedades crónicas que como parte de una fisiología del envejecimiento, la comorbilidad estará aumentada. Esta revisión pretende evidenciar esa estrecha relación entre ejercicio y bienestar en el adulto mayor.
Library Information System Design at Library And The Archives Agency Of Tangerang City
Authors: Haris H. , Permatasari Silvia , Saputro Rizki Bayu
Published: December 2020

The library is one of the containers used by the community to look for a variety of literature reviews in the form of books, catalogs and journals. A computerized library information system is needed to improve the quality of library services. This study aims to create a computerized system that can be used by librarians and library visitors easily. In this study, researchers used the PIECES method (Performance, Information, Economy, Control, Efficiency, Service). For designing the model using UML (Unified Modeling Language). The design concept uses MVC (Model View Controller). The design framework used is Bootstrap and CI, while the programming language uses PHP HTML CSS and Javascript. With this library information system, it is expected to facilitate the performance of officers in serving library visitors.
Peningkatan Daya Dukung Pondasi pada Tanah Lempung dengan Perkuatan Kolom Tanah
Authors: Dewi Ratna , Hanafiah  , Ustadi Ridho
Published: December 2020

One of the problematic soils for construction if the soil is used as a foundation for a construction is clay soil which has relatively low shear strength and bearing capacity. Therefore, it needs an improvement effort to increase the strength of the clay soil. The reinforcement soil column is an alternative effort to improve the soil. This paper presents the results of laboratory-scale experimental on the reinforcement modelling of clay soil columns mixed with 6% rice husk ash (RHA). Modelling was carried out with 6 variations of column groups with constant column length of 67cm. The first three variations are the variation in the distance between columns (s/d) with a fixed diameter of 8 cm. The other three variations are column diameter variations with a fixed s/d ratio. The results showed that the larger the distance between the columns, the smaller the bearing capacity of the soil foundation. If the s/d ratio is constant, it is found that the larger the column diameter, the greater the bearing capacity of the soil foundation. The maximum ultimate bearing capacity of the soil is achieved in variations with a column diameter of 12cm and a distance between columns of 30cm (s/d = 2.5) with a value of 39.56 kPa. This bearing capacity provides a BCR value of 3.75% or almost 4 times the bearing capacity of the unreinforced foundation.
Telogen Effluvium Tanılı Hastaların Geriye Dönük Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇADIRCI Dursun , KIVANÇ TERZİ Nuray , DENİZLİ Ezgi , KAPTAN Elif , KARATAŞ Hasan , KOÇAKOĞLU Şenay
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Saç dökülmesi etiyolojisinde, genetik faktörlerin yanı sıra, vitamin eksiklikleri, hormonal ve çevresel nedenler yer alır. Literatürde kadınlarda en sık saç dökülmesi nedeninin telogen effluvium (TE) olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu araştırmadaki amacımız; hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametrelerin TE etiyolojisindeki olası ilişkisini araştırmaktır.Materyal ve metod: Bu çalışma, Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dermatoloji Polikliniği’ne Temmuz - Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında yaygın saç kaybı şikâyeti ile başvuran hastaların geriye dönük taranması ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. TE tanısı alan 213 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastalara ait laboratuvar tetkiklerinden, serum demiri, demir bağlama kapasitesi, ferritin, folik asit, vitamin B12, tiroid uyarıcı hormon (TSH), serbest T4, hemoglobin (Hb) gibi parametrelerin TE ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir.Bulgular: TE tanısıyla çalışmaya alınan hastaların çoğunluğunu kadınlar oluşturmaktaydı (%92). Hastaların %54’ünde ferritin, %42’sinde demir ve %1’inde B12 eksikliği mevcuttu. Anemi görülme oranı %16 idi ve aneminin en sık sebebi demir eksikliğiydi. Hastaların %4’ünde TSH yüksekliği, %1’inde ise T4 düşüklüğü saptandı. Hastaların hiçbirinde düşük folat düzeyi saptanmazken, %5'inde yüksek olduğu tespit edildi.Sonuç: Yaygın saç kaybı şikâyeti ile başvuran hastalarda demir eksikliği anemisinin araştırılması, tiroid fonksiyon testlerinin ve vitamin değerlerinin kontrolü önemlidir. Bu çalışma, saç dökülmesi ile serum demiri ve ferritin düşüklüğünün ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Demir eksikliğinin düzeltilmesinin saç dökülmesini durdurduğu yönündeki veriler yetersiz olmakla beraber, uygun tedavi hastanın kliniğine göre hekimi tarafından belirlenmelidir. Çalışmamızın, saç dökülmesi şikâyeti ile başvuran hastalarda tanı ve tedavi aşamasında laboratuvar testlerinin rutin olarak kullanılması gerekliliğine dikkat çekmesi açısından önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.Anahtar Kelimeler: Diffüz alopesi, Etiyoloji, Saç kaybı, Telogen effluvium
“Sweat is invisible in the rain”: Civilian Joint Task Force and counter-insurgency in Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Bamidele Seun
Published: December 2020

Political, ethnic and religious conflict has given rise to insurgency groups employing a variety of strategies worldwide. In Nigeria, civilians in strife-torn Borno State have formed a number of counter-insurgency (COIN) groups, among which the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) has emerged as a major player. The group began in 2009 as a simple call for volunteers, and now numbers over 26 000 men and women. While research has been conducted on other COIN groups, little is known of CJTF. Concerns have been raised about the CJTF metamorphosing into an ethnic militia, accused of human rights abuses, robbery, rape and hooliganism. Despite these reported atrocities, local people support them, regarding them as unsung heroes. The study investigates the group’s potential as a useful counter insurgency measure, using David Galula’s COIN theory to analyse the group’s actions and to contest the dualistic understanding of conventional vs unconventional, local peacebuilding approaches. The study adopts a qualitative, ethnographic methodology, locating the research in the context of global development and security discourse. The study aims to establish the value of the CJTF COIN group, to position unconventional local COIN as a viable complementary to conventional methods and to proffer clues as to how security initiatives may more successfully combat Islamic insurgency in Nigeria. The study employed both primary and secondary data. Field work for the study was carried out for six months between 2018 and 2019 in Maiduguri Metropolis and its environs in Borno State.
The number of tubers in the bush in interspecific of the potatoes, their beckcrosses depending on the conditions of growth
Authors: Kravchenko N.V. , Bondus R. А. , Sklyar V.G. , Podhaietskiy A. A. , Kienko Z. B. , Degtyarova M.S.
Published: December 2020

The experiments proved the value of many complex interspecific hybrids, their backcrosses according to the ability to tie more tubers in the nest than the best standard variety. Under the favorable external conditions, it was measured at more than 20 pieces/nest. In most hybrids, a significant impact on the implementation of the indicator of the places for the research (Sumy National Agrarian University and Ustymiv Research Station) and meteorological conditions of the years of the experiment (2015-2017).
Based on the data on the distribution of hybrids by the quantity of the tubers in the nest, it has been found out that the best conditions for the manifestation of the signs were in SNAU in 2015 and 2016, and in the Ustymov research station in 2015. The biggest number of hybrids (6 pcs.) with the difference of 7 tubers/nest depending on the places of the experiment were found out in 2017 and the lowest number – in 2015. The opposite was true for the minimum difference in the manifestation of the indicator - 1 tuber/nest and less. Only single hybrids were characterized by a low value of the coefficient of variation of the manifestation of the sign (3-9%). The nursing forms reacted differently to the external conditions by the ability to tie tubers.
Key words: tubers, interspecific hybrids, their backcrosses, number of tubers in the nest, meteorological conditions, places of the experiments, coefficient of the variation.
Sunflower yields depending on the drug Pictor using
Authors: Chigrin O.V , Fendrikova Е.А.
Published: December 2020

For three years, field research has been conducted in the industrial conditions to study the effectiveness of the fungicide preparation Pictor during sunflower cultivation. It has been established that spraying crops with this preparation helps to increase plant productivity and increase yield capacity of two hybrids of different maturity groups of the company “Limagrain” LG 56.63 and LG 56.54 by 5.6 and 5.7 kg/ha (+ 18.6 and 19.0% ) respectively. The use of Pictor preparation also has a positive effect on the oil content in the grown sunflower seeds.
Key words: sunflower, fungicidal preparation Pictor, yield capacity, oil content of seeds.
The effect of seeding rates and sowing methodson yield and quality seeds of chickpea
Authors: Rozhkov A.A. , Voropai Y.V.
Published: December 2020

The results of three-year studies of the influence of seed sowing rates and sowing methods on the formation of yield capacity and quality of chickpea seeds are highlighted. The results of the research indicate a significant influence of the studied factors on the level of yield capacity of chickpea seeds. On average, for three years of research, the highest seed yield capacity in the experiment has been observed in the variety Odyssey – 2,16 t/ha. Among the studied variants of the sowing method, the highest rates of chickpea seed yield capacity have been provided by the row method with a row spacing of 30 cm (with a nutrition area of one plant of 120 cm2) at the average sowing rate of 0,7 million units/ha. In particular, the yield capacity of chickpea seeds of Budjak and Odyssey varieties under this combination of the studied factors made up 2,37 and 2,49 t/ha, respectively. The maximum protein content in chickpea seeds in both studied varieties has been obtained on the variants with a minimum seeding rate of 0,5 million units/ha, but the highest protein yield – 0,415 t/ha of Odyssey variety and 0,435 t/ha of Budjak variety - was noted on the variants with a seeding rate of 0,7 million units/ha.
Key words: chickpeas, seeding rate, sowing method, yield capacity, protein content.
Boundary Spanning in Action: Tactics for Transforming Today's Borders into Tomorrow's Frontiers
Authors: Lee Lance , Horth David , Ernst Chris
Published: December 2020

In this restless world, leaders face complex challenges that can be solved only by building bridges across expansive boundaries. In this second of two CCL white papers on boundary spanning, we share some success stories and outline some tactics that you can use right away to bridge boundaries in your organization.
Práticas pedagógicas mediadas por tecnologias digitais em período de pandemia
Authors: Almeida Maria Claudice Rocha
Published: December 2020

Este artigo relata experiências pedagógicas remotas desenvolvidas na disciplina “Educação em Espaços não Escolares”, do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia da Faculdade Dom Pedro II de Sergipe. Essas aulas foram decorrentes da suspensão das aulas presenciais, devido à pandemia do novo coronavírus (Sars-CoV-2), causador da doença COVID-19. Focalizam-se práticas de ensino no Google Classroom e no Google Meet, inspiradas no desenvolvimento de operações mentais, baseadas na dialética e nas metodologias ativas da aprendizagem. Entre os resultados, podem-se destacar as significativas aprendizagens da professora e dos estudantes, os quais tiveram de se adequar a uma nova realidade não dimensionada. Os estudantes, fluentes digitais, apesar dos problemas de conexão com a internet, não obtiveram prejuízos cognitivos. Pode-se inferir, portanto, que houve tentativas de replicar o ensino presencial, porém as limitações da professora no tocante à utilização ampla das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) ensejaram reflexões para melhoria das práticas futuras.
Expert as a scientific judge: we return to the discussion of a forgotten problem
Authors: Rossinskiy Sergey
Published: December 2020

In this article, the author continues his series of publications devoted to the problems of evidence in pre-trial proceedings in a criminal case. The article considers one of the most controversial procedural ways to establish circumstances that are important for a criminal case – judicial examination. Draws attention to a serious procedural feature of an expert, reminding not so much the rights of participants of criminal proceedings considered in Chapter 8 (Criminal procedure code) of the Russian Federation, as the jurisdictional powers of the bodies of preliminary investigation and trial. The author believes that the opportunity given to the expert to assess the actual quality of the research objects and their total adequacy to formulate certain conclusions compare him to a scientific judge. The author examines in detail the reasons that encouraged the scientists to abandon the idea of an expert as a scientific judge, and comes to the conclusion that they are wrong and farfetched. This allows us to think about changes in the doctrinal and legislative approaches to the role of an expert as a subject of evidence in criminal proceedings, namely, the prospects for granting him the authority to establish certain factual circumstances through the use of special knowledge. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the proposed innovations will inevitably require undamentally different approaches to the training of judicial experts, to their training and education as highly professional subjects with an appro-priate level of legal awareness, legal understanding and responsibility for the results of research and conclusions.
Perception of a law enforcement officer as a factor influencing the formation of the police image
Authors: Anufrieva Dar'ya
Published: December 2020

This article raises the problem of the police image. The relevance is that in the modern world one of the main factors reflecting the importance of law enforcement agencies is the trust of citizens. A positive public perception of police and a positive image of this service contribute to the support of citizens and interaction with the community that generally affects the activity of this executive body. The image of the police reflects the positive or negative perception of the employees’ achievements, the success of the work performed, the individual image of each police officer, as well as what emotions the population feels when interacting directly with law enforcement agencies. The article is dedicated to the examination of the mechanisms and processes of perception, its influence on the formation of the police image. The analysis of the features of the police profession perception is made. The influence of the stereotyping mechanism on the formation of citizens’ perception of police officers is examined.Since the police ensure the safety of the population, the author analyses the influence of the perception of safety on shaping the citizens’ attitude to law enforcement agencies. When doing the research the author revealed the reasonable fact about subjectivity of perceived environmental factors affecting the level of safety and the perception of the police by society. One of the sections of this study addresses implications of the mechanism of stereotyping for the citizens’ perception of police officers.
Ascent from the sympractical to the synsemantic system of speech utterance in the process of developing theoretical cadets’ thinking
Authors: Sharanov Yuriy , Ustyuzhanin Viktor
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the mechanisms of manifestations impractical and cinematical systems in the process of speech. The problem of differences in regularities and mechanisms of transitions from the sympractical strategy of interpreting lexical meanings to the synsemantic one in adults is considered. How such transitions are made is still not well known. An attempt is made to identify the basic institutions through which the process of movement of living speech begins and the experience of utterance (discourse) of a person is formed, which determines the level of abstract or synsemantic thinking. Such knowledge is necessary not only for creating various methods of teaching foreign and native languages. Through language representations, the inner world of a person, the structure and content of his consciousness and self-consciousness becomes accessible. Attention is drawn to the relatively new American and European experience of language training of migrants for the Russian psycholinguistic community, and to the prospects for the development of bilingualism among teachers in a non- linguistic higher educational institution. The question is raised about the need to conduct research in the field of compatibility /incompatibility of non- linguistic and linguistic types of cultures, individual experiences and mental traditions of representatives of different countries studying in a departmental educational institution.