bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying the Working with Nature philosophy to navigation infrastructure projects
Authors: Suedel Burton , Magar Victor , Scherrer Paul , Brooke Jan , Fuchs Elmar
Published: September 2024

In 2008, the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure (Pianc) published a position paper describing a Working with Nature (WwN) philosophy that aimed to change how the sector approaches navigation and port infrastructure projects. In 2018, Pianc published guidance on implementing WwN, an integrated approach that aligns new or existing infrastructure with natural processes. Pianc’s guidance presents a six-step process to implement WwN that encourages consideration of site-specific ecosystem characteristics and WwN opportunities at early stages of project development, early stakeholder engagement and integration of WwN into the development of project objectives before design begins. By incorporating WwN applications during conception, design and early stages of development, the WwN approach provides the most promising opportunities to affect positive outcomes for the environment. This holistic understanding of ecosystem processes and socioeconomic interactions realises that environmental impacts can be minimised while concomitantly seeking opportunities to enhance ecosystem functions at various spatial and temporal scales. Project delivery thus goes beyond merely avoiding or compensating for negative project impacts and seeks multi-sector ecosystem and socioeconomic benefits. Applied in practice, and consistent with UN Sustainable Development Goals, WwN can increase habitat functionality, reduce energy associated with construction or maintenance, and enhance the short- and long-term delivery of ecosystem services. Projects consistent with the WwN philosophy therefore achieve their underlying engineering objectives, alongside various co-benefits, consistent with the environmental, societal and economic sustainability pillars.
The role of engineered tree pit solutions in nature-positive civil engineering
Authors: Bell Dean L. , Doick Kieron J. , Sinnett Danielle E.
Published: September 2024

Successfully establishing and growing street trees presents significant challenges, and traditional techniques are associated with elevated tree mortality. Moreover, securing appropriate soil volumes for trees is a substantial challenge, particularly in modern street engineering where grey infrastructure is prioritised over tree success. Engineered tree pit solutions can counteract this situation. They enable trees and grey infrastructure to coexist, providing improved rooting environments, load-bearing structural support conforming to engineering specifications and the ability to manage stormwater runoff within one tree pit design. This article presents a literature-informed overview of the current technologies applicable to new-build and retrofit scenarios that integrate street trees and pavements, enabling nature-positive, resilient tree pit designs conducive to tree growth. The focus is on the solutions most commonly employed in practice – structural growing media and crate systems – outlining their constituents, construction and considerations for success. This article informs built environment practitioners, policymakers and researchers on innovations translatable into practical techniques to enhance tree pit design and optimise street trees as multi-functional nature-based solutions.
In situ water retention monitoring system of an operational dyke
Authors: IlléS Zsombor , Antal ÖRs , Nagy LÁSzlÓ
Published: September 2024

The severe droughts in recent decades and lack of regular flooding have caused considerable fissures to develop on clay embankments. Previous surveys in Hungary have identified the examined dyke section as prone to desiccation cracks. It is essential to determine the possible extent of these desiccation cracks, as they degrade the dykes’ resistance against several failure mechanisms. A representative dyke cross-section was equipped with a unique water retention monitoring system comprising 17 sensors, including 14 soil moisture sensors and three water potential sensors. These devices were validated with laboratory measurements to obtain accurate results. The gravimetric water content (w) ranged from 8·3% to 31·3%, and the matric potential was recorded between 0·1 and 2350·7 kPa over one and a half years. The study examined the differences in soil behaviour under pavement and turf cover, identifying common moisture content distribution patterns and areas of the cross-section prone to desiccation cracking. The unique quality of the monitoring system lies in the fact that it was established in an operational embankment, which regulates the flow of a river. Furthermore, it was instrumented along the Tisza River, which is among Europe’s most significant watercourses. The results may help better understand the moisture content change in clay embankments and the role of the crest pavement in the moisture content distribution.
Artificial intelligence in healthcare facilities asset information management: mixed review
Authors: Tjebane Motheo Meta , Musonda Innocent
Published: September 2024

Healthcare facilities are pivotal in ensuring continuous access to services, particularly for individuals with complex health conditions. Effective asset information management (AIM) in these facilities through artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance operational efficiency. The exploratory bibliometric and systematic review assesses the status and trends of AI applications in AIM within healthcare facilities. The findings reveal a significant gap between research findings and practical implementation, highlighting the need for further integration and real-world usage of AI-powered solutions in healthcare facilities settings. This study identified notable gaps, including the need for research on utilising AI to enhance asset management in healthcare, including maintenance scheduling and procurement processes. Involving stakeholders, such as healthcare professionals, facility managers, and patients, in effective facility management using AI requires further investigation. Research is needed to evaluate the economic benefits and develop robust ethical guidelines for responsible AI implementation. Notably, previous research has given limited attention to AI for healthcare AIM, with emerging trends focusing more on AI and infrastructure than the ‘asset’ aspect. Implementing AI-powered solutions tailored to the unique needs of healthcare facilities and evaluating cost-effectiveness will lead to improved asset management practices, enhanced decision-making processes, and, ultimately, more efficient and effective healthcare operations.
Between Communes, Signorie and Papal Government: Public Palaces in the Papal State (Late 14th to Early 15th Centuries)
Authors: Delzant Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2024

The takeover of the Papal State by the Pope himself during the 15th century brought an end to the domination of many powerful lordly families. Communal institutions were often reestablished, and controlled by a representative of the pope but just as the development of urban lordships had not seen the disappearance of communal institutions and their old public palaces, the arrival of the papal administration did not always lead to the construction of new buildings. Based on cases situated mainly in the two provinces of the Duchy of Spoleto and the March of Ancona, this article shows how different urban governments (both seigneurial and pontifical) of the late Trecento and early Quattrocento were able to use the buildings created by a power they were trying to replace or with which they had to collaborate for their own benefit. Communal palaces received special attention from the new rulers: they were part of urban identity and symbolized the idea of a government based on the consent of the people, necessary for the legitimacy of any kind of leadership.
Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Active Travel Infrastructure Usage Amongst Under-Represented Population Groups in the United Kingdom: A Rapid Systematic Review
Authors: Malden Stephen , McDougall Craig , Wendelboe Nelson Charlotte , Carroll-Monteil Emma , Jepson Ruth
Published: September 2024

Utilising active travel has the potential to positively impact health. Research shows that certain members of society may be less likely to undertake active travel than others, particularly individuals belonging to marginalised population groups such as ethnic minorities and people with disabilities. The aim of this rapid systematic review was to assess the barriers and facilitators to active travel amongst marginalised groups in the United  Kingdom. Electronic databases were searched from inception to October 2022. All primary study designs were deemed eligible for inclusion if they investigated either barriers or facilitators to active travel amongst a marginalised population group within the UK. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria encompassing participants from an ethnic minority background, physical disability or a learning disability. Safety concerns were identified as a barrier for each group. Infrastructural barriers were apparent for people with a physical disability. Bike ownership or lack of bike-riding knowledge was a barrier for ethnic minorities. Facilitators identified were provision of recourses in the form of bicycles and training for ethnic minorities, while improved independence and perceived health benefits facilitated active travel amongst people with disabilities. Overall, the included studies were deemed to be of a high risk of bias. There is a lack of high-quality research in this area in the UK context, and future studies should aim to identify ways to improve access to active travel for ethnic minorities, people with disabilities, in addition to other marginalised groups who are currently not represented in the existing literature.
Financial Conditions and Risks to the Economic Outlook
Authors: Ajello Andrea , Favara Giovanni , Marchal Gregory , Szoke Balint
Published: September 2024

Financial conditions have swung considerably over the past two and half years. They moved from very accommodative levels in late 2021 to providing a significant drag on economic activity in 2022 and 2023. Since early this year, they eased moderately amid monetary policy communications signaling that the federal funds rate had likely reached its peak for this monetary policy tightening cycle.
High-Growth Firms in the United States: Key Trends and New Data Opportunities
Authors: Kim J. Daniel , Choi Joonkyu , Goldschlag Nathan , Haltiwanger John
Published: September 2024

Using administrative data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we introduce a new public-use database that tracks activities across firm growth distributions over time. With these new data, we uncover several key trends for high-growth firms---critical engines of innovation and economic growth. First, the share of firms that are high-growth has steadily decreased over the past four decades, driven not only by falling rates of entrepreneurship but also languishing growth among existing firms. Second, this decline is particularly pronounced among young and small firms, while the share of high-growth firms has been relatively stable among large and old firms. We also find rich variation across states and sectors. To facilitate future research, we highlight how these data can be used to address various research questions.
Barômetro da sustentabilidade: uma análise da produção científica
Authors: D'Arisbo Sandra Mara Pereira , Cardoso Alexandra Andrade de Almeida , Stamm Cristiano , Piffer Moacir
Published: September 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é coletar informações e realizar uma análise da produção científica relacionada ao Barômetro da Sustentabilidade (BS). A metodologia do BS foi desenvolvida em 1997 por Robert Prescott-Allen, com o objetivo de elaborar um indicador que combinasse dados divergentes para apresentar um retrato da sustentabilidade de uma região ou país. Para isso, foram consultados os sites de pesquisa “Portal de Periódicos Capes”, “Web of Science – WoS” e “Scopus” no período de agosto de 2010 (mês e ano do primeiro artigo encontrado) até outubro de 2022, resultando em um total de 44 artigos selecionados após eliminação de duplicidades, artigos não abertos e livros. Foi observada uma multiplicidade de temas e uma grande quantidade de autores (110), sendo que apenas nove tiveram mais de duas publicações relacionadas ao tema. Quanto ao corpus textual, as palavras mais relevantes foram “Sustainability”, “barometer”, “environmental” e “development”. Apesar da importância do tema, há poucas publicações relacionadas devido, em parte, à dificuldade em conseguir dados confiáveis e recentes que são a base da pesquisa científica.
Urbanização: movimentos socioespaciais e o surgimento da esquistossomose: reflexos na sociedade
Authors: Bertolino Joselane Ramos Magalhães , Bortolo Carlos Alexandre de , Carneiro Nídia Francisca de Figueiredo
Published: September 2024

A higiene dos espaços e o interesse em uma vida mais saudável levou pesquisadores a examinar a relação entre saúde, meio ambiente e movimentos socioespaciais na proliferação de doenças como a esquistossomose. As migrações de pessoas por melhores oportunidades de trabalho e acesso a serviços de saúde podem impactar na distribuição geográfica dessas doenças. O cenário de doenças de veiculação hídricas, devido à falta de saneamento básico e migrações tem sido uma preocupação da sociedade e órgãos ambientais, pois, podem influenciar na ocorrência da esquistossomose. Este estudo relaciona urbanização, movimentos socioespaciais e saneamento com o surgimento da esquistossomose, utilizando pesquisas bibliográficas de fontes como FIOCRUZ, IBGE e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas. Conclui-se que a expansão urbana, associada à chegada de migrantes e à ausência de políticas públicas de saneamento, destaca a necessidade de maior atenção aos problemas de saúde pública, justificando a relevância deste artigo.
Políticas públicas: valorização do turismo e da gastronomia no Brasil
Authors: Souza Rayanne Da Silva , Roque Aline Prestes , Saraiva Camila Nemitz de Oliveira
Published: September 2024

Este estudo oferece um panorama histórico das políticas públicas relacionadas ao turismo e à gastronomia, destacando seu papel fundamental no desenvolvimento. A partir de uma revisão de literatura, foi possível compreender a evolução dessas políticas ao longo do tempo e seu impacto no progresso dessas atividades. As políticas analisadas não apenas influenciam aspectos econômicos, mas também moldam os territórios e afetam diretamente as comunidades locais. O artigo ressalta a importância da integração entre as políticas de turismo e as voltadas para a cultura gastronômica, visando promover o turismo gastronômico como uma ferramenta estratégica para o desenvolvimento territorial.
Processo de implementação de políticas públicas e o uso do poder discricionário na área da educação
Authors: Fontoura Fernando Batista Bandeira da , Gehring Mariéli Helfer , Wachholtz Eduardo Elias
Published: September 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o processo de implementação de políticas públicas na área da educação nos municípios de Rio Pardo, Venâncio Aires e Santa Cruz do Sul, localizados no interior do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. O objetivo do artigo foi analisar como os burocratas de nível de rua influenciam na área da educação em processos includentes e/ou excludentes que afetem a (re)produção ou redução de desigualdades no processo de implementação de políticas públicas. O artigo Burocracia e Implementação de Políticas Públicas: Desafios e Potencialidades para Redução de Desigualdades, de autoria de Gabriela Lotta (2021), foi a base para os dois momentos, tanto o teórico como a pesquisa de campo. Na pesquisa de campo foram realizadas três entrevistas semiestruturadas aprofundadas com profissionais da área da educação. Após a análise dos resultados, considera-se que a implementação bem-sucedida das políticas públicas deve considerar as avaliações de impacto social que analisem de maneira abrangente como a política afeta as desigualdades. A ausência desse tipo de avaliação pode limitar a compreensão dos resultados e impedir ajustes necessários.
Öğretmen ve Okul Yöneticilerinin Deprem Stresi İle Başetme Stratejileri ve Deprem Risk Algıları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Turhaner Kübra , Polat Murat
Published: September 2024

Bu araştırmanın odak noktası, devlet okullarında mevcut afet ve risk yönetimi politikası bağlamında okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenlerin demografik değişkenleri ve deprem risk algısı düzeyleri ile deprem stresiyle baş etme stratejileri arasındaki ilişkiyi açığa çıkarmaktır. Bu bağlamda, herhangi bir deprem riski durumunda okul yöneticileri ile öğretmenlerin muhtemel stres durumlarına verdikleri tepkileri anlamak için temel bir içgörü elde etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma; Muş il merkezindeki devlet okullarında görev yapan 141’i kadın ve 118’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 259 öğretmen üzerinde yapılan kesitsel tarama modelinde bir araştırmadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak bir kişisel bilgi formu ile birlikte Deprem Risk Algısı Ölçeği ve Deprem Stresi İle Baş Etme Ölçeği adlı iki likert ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizi, betimsel, ilişkisel ve nedensel karşılaştırmaların ardından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Betimsel sonuçlar, görüşlerine başvurulan öğretmenlere ait veri setinin normal dağılım göstermediğini işaret etmektedir; ancak, deprem risk algısı ölçeği ile deprem stresi ile baş etme stratejileri ölçeği alt boyutları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, bu ilişkilerin birbirlerini anlamlı şekilde yordadığı (%41) belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın, deprem risk algısının deprem stresi ile baş etme stratejileri ve öğretmen ile okul yöneticilerinin davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak adına özgün bir değere sahip olduğu öngörülmektedir, zira bu alanda yürütülen çalışmaların kısıtlılığına işaret etmektedir.
Sexual and gender minority youth in Canada: An investigation of disparities in positive mental health
Authors: Hajo Sonia , Capaldi Colin A. , Liu Li
Published: September 2024

Objectives

While studies indicate that 2SLGBTQ + youth are more likely to experience negative psychological outcomes compared to their heterosexual and cisgender peers, less is known about the positive mental health (PMH) of 2SLGBTQ + youth in Canada. To fill this gap, we investigated disparities in PMH by self-reported sexual attraction among 15‒17-year-olds and gender modality among 12‒17-year-olds.

Methods

We analyzed data from youth respondents in the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth. We obtained estimates of average life satisfaction and high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness for youth with an exclusively heterosexual attraction and youth with a minority sexual attraction (those exclusively attracted to the same gender, and those attracted to both females and males), and for cisgender and gender minority youth. Regression analyses were conducted to test for disparities on each PMH outcome.

Results

Compared with exclusively heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth reported lower life satisfaction and were less likely to report high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Significant disparities were more consistently found for youth attracted to both females and males than youth exclusively attracted to the same gender. Gender minority (versus cisgender) youth also reported lower average life satisfaction and were less likely to report high self-rated mental health, happiness, autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Conclusion

Although this study provides evidence for the presence of disparities in PMH, its strength-based focus on PMH also documents the presence of well-being among many sexual and gender minority youth in Canada.
Protocol for Gibson Assembly v1
Authors: Lopez Carolina
Published: September 2024

Procedure for cloning using Gibson Assembly
Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Roles of SHP-1/ptpn6 v1
Authors: Cui Ping , Lian Jie , Liu Yang , Zhang Dongsheng , Lin Yao , Lu Lili , Ye Li , Chen Hui , An Sanqi , Huang Jiegang , Liang Hao
Published: September 2024

In thispaper, we present a comprehensive analysis of ptpn6across various cancers using multiple online databases, such as TIMER,GEPIA2, and cBioPortal, for differential expression, survival prognosis, immune infiltration, genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations, and functional state evaluations. We expect to reveal significant correlations between ptpn6expression and clinical outcomes, as well as its association with immune cell infiltration and biological pathways, to provide insight into presenting a potential prognosis biomarker and immunotherapy target. Additionally, this analysis aims to highlight the heterogeneity ofptpn6across different cancer types to help understanditsrole in tumorigenesis and development.
Peramalan Tempoh Persaraan Pekerja di Malaysia 2001-2047
Authors: Ramli Suraya Fadilah , Ismail Noriszura , Isa Zaidi , Kamaruddin Halim Shukri
Published: September 2024

Kajian ini meramal kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh di Malaysia melalui model stokastik dengan kesan kohort, iaitu suatu kaedah yang menawarkan perspektif baharu berbanding analisis kumpulan umur tradisional. Unjuran kadar ini kemudiannya diaplikasi untuk menganggar jangkaan tempoh persaraan bagi pekerja berumur 20 tahun. Secara khususnya, trend kritikal bagi kadar penyertaan pekerja lelaki dan wanita di Malaysia, berserta unjuran yang menjangkau tahun 2047, diperoleh dengan memanfaatkan model Renshaw-Haberman dan model Plat. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan penurunan dalam unjuran kadar penyertaan buruh lelaki bagi tempoh 2018 hingga 2047, manakala bagi buruh wanita pula, kadar penyertaan buruh meningkat dengan mendadak pada peringkat awal sebelum menunjukkan penurunan di akhir tempoh peramalan. Jangkaan tempoh persaraan bagi kedua-dua jantina pula menunjukkan peningkatan, dengan pesara wanita mengalami pelanjutan tempoh yang lebih besar, iaitu daripada 6 tahun pada tahun 2001 kepada 12 tahun pada tahun 2047. Kajian ini mendedahkan keperluan untuk pembaharuan pencen di Malaysia kerana sistem sedia ada mungkin gagal untuk menampung tempoh persaraan yang lebih panjang disebabkan kadar kematian yang semakin menurun dan kadar penyertaan tenaga kerja yang menunjukkan peralihan. Keputusan kajian mengenai kesan umur-khusus dan kesan kohort bagi kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh menunjukkan bahawa dasar pencen yang adaptif diperlukan supaya boleh bertindak balas terhadap populasi yang semakin menua dan kadar penyertaan buruh yang beralih.
Unravelling Virulence Activities of Hospital Isolated Acinetobacter baumannii: Exploring The Prospective Application of Aspirin as an Antivirulence Agent
Authors: A Shukor Nurrul Syairah , Khalil Nurkhalida , Ramli Ramliza , Aqma Wan Syaidatul
Published: September 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii infections pose a global public health threat due to the increasing resistance to various antimicrobial agents. This study reports the virulence characteristics of A. baumannii strains isolated from patients at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM (HCTM) and explores the potential of aspirin as an antivirulence agent. Fourteen A. baumannii isolates from various infection sites exhibited resistance to at least two antibiotics. Among them, 43% (n=6) displayed high motility, correlating with the site of isolation. Additionally, 58% (n=7) formed strong biofilms, 36% (n=5) secreted proteases and 36% (n=5) resisted oxidative stress. Notably, isolates Ab_H4 and Ab_H10 displayed the highest virulence, warranting further investigation. Molecular analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that both Ab_H4 and Ab_H10 possessed the bap and katG genes. Although both strains were capable of secreting proteases, only Ab_H4 possessed the cpaA gene, suggesting the involvement of other genes in protease secretion in Ab_H10. Despite high motility, no pilT gene was detected in any isolates. Treatment with sub-inhibitory concentrations of aspirin (3.25 mg/ml) restored susceptibility to previously resistant antibiotics, disrupted biofilm formation and reduced proteases and catalases secretion. However, no significant impact on bacterial motility was observed. Interestingly, sub-inhibitory concentrations of aspirin induced biofilm formation in the environmental strain control (Ab_UKMCC), which was significantly reduced upon exposure to the MIC. These findings highlight the high virulence capabilities of several strains isolated from HCTM and show the potential of aspirin as an antivirulence agent, offering valuable insights for combating A. baumannii infections.
Fitness and Survival of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Maize in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Agus , Setiawati Wiwin , Muharam Agus , Udiarto Bagus Kukuh , Suganda Tarkus , Subakti Putri Syifa Nabilah
Published: September 2024

An important pest of maize is a new invasive species called Spodoptera frugiperda, also known as the fall armyworm (FAW), causing a considerable economic impact in Indonesia since 2019. This insect has a large host range, a quick generation time at the right temperature, a high rate of reproduction, and a high dispersal capacity. In population ecology and pest management, fitness and survival are crucial. This research was aimed to determine some biological aspects and demographic statistics of three FAW populations (lowland, midland, and highland) in a laboratory setting with 25 ± 2 °C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity, and a 12:12 (L:D) hour photoperiod. Findings indicated no variation in the length of the FAW life stage or its reproductive capacity. Nonetheless, notable variations were noted in the average fecundity of females, with FAW of the highland population laying the most eggs (1242.1 eggs). FAW had the shortest mean generation time (T), the highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm), the finite rate of increase (λ), and the highest net reproductive rate (R0) of the highland population. Overall FAW collected from highland, midland, and lowland can adapt well when brought to a laboratory with a constant temperature at 25 ± 2 °C without detriment to the parameters of the life table. The knowledge gained from this study is crucial for managing FAW because it improves comprehension of its life cycle and adaptability to various altitudes, enabling us to take appropriate action to stop its spread.
Electrosynthesis of Anisotropic Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles as A Promising Antibacterial Agent Using Stachytarpheta Jamaicensis Leaf Extract
Authors: Hermanto Dhony , Ismillayli Nurul , Wiranatasari Thiffany A. L. , Mudasir Mudasir , Siswanta Dwi , Kuswandi Bambang , Siswoyo Siswoyo , Suprapto Suprapto , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: September 2024

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria provide a great opportunity to use silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as potential antibiotic replacements. This work utilized Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaf extract (SJLE)-mediated electrosynthesis of biogenic AgNPs. By using two silver rods and SJLE as the electrolysis medium, biogenic AgNP is produced through electrosynthesis. The properties of the formed AgNPs and SJLE phytochemical composition were examined. The disc diffusion method was utilized to evaluate AgNPs' antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The high amount of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins in SLJE provides biomolecules rich in -OH and carbonyl groups, allowing SLJE to have antimicrobial effects as well as act as a capping agent and bioreductor during electrosynthesis. The presence of functional groups from various phytochemicals leads to the formation of anisotropic AgNP crystals with a size of 38.22 ± 13.06 nm and high purity (95.75 ± 0.43%). Antibacterial activity tests against E. coli and S. aureus show that anisotropic biogenic AgNPs outperformed spherical AgNPs, probably due to the angular AgNPs' ease of penetration into bacterial cell walls. The characteristics of the AgNPs developed induced outstanding antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus. Thus, SLJE-based electrosynthesis provides a synergistic synthetic design of AgNPs as antibacterial agents with several potential long-term advantages, including high purity, fast synthesis, low cost, absence of hazardous ingredients, and simplicity in scaling up.
Diimide-Mediated Hydrogenation of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Salleh Huddin Amira Shafiqa , Goh Yi-Fan , Jamaluddin Naharullah , Mohd Yusoff Siti Fairus
Published: September 2024

The hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) has shown great potential for improving its physical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. Hydrogenation process of NBR in this work involved the utilization of diimide produced from the interaction between hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with the addition of boric acid as a promoter. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the degree of hydrogenation, glass transition, thermal stability, and rubber crystallinity, respectively. The highest hydrogenation degree was 99%, which resulted in a 57% gel content. Upon hydrogenation, both the glass transition temperature (Tg) and decomposition temperature (Td) increased. The hydrogenated rubber samples generally showed an amorphous state, except for the 99% hydrogenated sample, which displayed a semi-crystalline state. However, using diimide for direct hydrogenation yields a side reaction from the free radicals in the system, which leads to gel formation. Optimization was accomplished by employing the response surface methodology (RSM), which entailed manipulating parameters such as the total solid content (TSC) of NBR, reaction time, and the mole ratio of H2O2 to N2H4, to reduce the percentage of gel content. The RSM analysis identified the optimum reaction conditions as a 1:1 mole ratio of H2O2: N2H4 and 25% TSC, with a reaction time of 8 h, which yielded 32% gel content percentage, where a mole ratio of H2O2 to N2H4 and reaction time indicated a synergistic effect, whereas TSC denoted an antagonistic effect.
Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma complicated by severe renal failure requiring hemodialysis
Authors: Kliuchagina Yu. I. , Zeynalova P. A. , Gromova E. G. , Valiev T. T.
Published: September 2024

Background. Renal failure (RF) is the most common complication of multiple myeloma (MM), and severe RF requiring hemodialysis is diagnosed in 2–4 % of cases. RF associated with MM is potentially reversible. Severe RF requiring hemodialysis is associated with low overall survival rates, increased risk of complications and early death, low quality of life for patients.

   Aim. To analyze treatment results of newly diagnosed MM patients with severe RF requiring hemodialysis.

   Materials and methods. We analyzed data of 39 patients with newly diagnosed MM and severe RF requiring hemodialysis (CKD-EPI < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2) who underwent combination therapy at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between January 2000 and December 2020.

   Results. As induction therapy, 25 (64.1 %) patients received bortezomib-based regimens: 13 (33.3 %), VCD (bortezomib + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone); 12 (30.8 %), VCP (bortezomib + cyclophosphamide + prednisolone); 14 (35.9 %) patients received chemotherapy: VAD (vincristine + doxorubicin + prednisolone), VMCP (vincristine + melphalan + cyclophosphamide + prednisolone), CD (cyclophosphamide + prednisolone). Seven (17.9 %) patients underwent high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 5 (71.4 %) patients from this group received bortezomib-based regimens (VCD, VCP), and 2 (28.6 %) – chemotherapy (VAD). After induction therapy, 19 (48.7 %) patients achieved objective hematologic response, and 23 (59 %) patients achieved objective renal response. The use of bortezomib-based induction therapy significantly increased the likelihood of achieving both hematologic and renal responses (p = 0.021 and p = 0.049, respectively) compared with the use of regimens without bortezomib. With a median follow-up of 19 months (95 % confidence interval 1–64 months), median progression-free survival was 15 months (95 % confidence interval: 8–26 months), median overall survival was 29 months (95 % confidence interval: 9–47 months). Multivariate analysis showed statistical significance of the effect of receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on progression-free survival and overall survival (p = 0.015 and p = 0.018, respectively).

   Conclusion. Using bortezomib-based regimens in newly diagnosed MM patients with severe RF requiring hemodialysis is associated with greater likelihood of achieving both hematologic and renal responses. Performing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves progression-free survival and overall survival.
Characteristics of postoperative abdominal drainage and anesthesia in patients with acute generalized peritonitis: literature review
Authors: Zharov A. L.
Published: September 2024

Generalized peritonitis is an acute surgical condition characterized by high risk of complications and death. The key priority in management of patients with peritonitis is early surgical intervention and control of the source of infection. This literature review aims to highlight the modern approaches to surgical and anaesthetic management of patients with acute generalised peritonitis.
Treatment opportunities for refractory immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Pankraskina M. M. , Vinogradova O. Yu. , Chernikov M. V. , Mukha L. A. , Neverova A. L. , Shikhbabaeva D. I. , Ptushkin V. V.
Published: September 2024

Background. Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an orphan disease characterized by decreased platelet count in the peripheral blood which in some cases can cause bleeding of varying severity. Currently, the use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) is recommended as the second line therapy for ITP as it allows to achieve high platelet response (PR), including complete, in 73 % of cases of chronic ITP and in 87 % of cases of newly diagnosed disease. The mechanism of action differs for different TPO-RAs. Given this fact, in cases of resistance or intolerance to therapy with one TPO-RA, attempts are made to switch to another. The effectiveness of this approach for overcoming ITP resistance varies from 50 to 93 % according to various publications.

   Aim. To assess the ability to achieve and maintain PR by switching from one TPO-RA to another in cases of resistance to the previous TPO-RA used in the second or subsequent lines of therapy.

   Materials and methods. The analysis included 59 patients who were resistant (in 2 cases intolerance was also noted) to TPO-RA therapy (received after standard therapy) who were prescribed TPO-RA treatment with a different mechanism of action: switch from romiplostim to eltrombopag (25 patients) or vice versa (34 patients). Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic characteristics and median platelet level at the time of TPO-RA switching.

   Results. PR was obtained in 76 % of cases, including complete response in 54 %, as a result of switching from one TPO-RA to another in 59 patients. Among 34 patients switched from eltrombopag to romiplostim, PR was achieved in 31 (91 %) patients, including complete response in 22 (65 %). Romiplostim was switched to eltrombopag in 25 patients, PR was achieved in 14 (56 %) with complete response in 10 (40 %).

   Conclusion. The study showed that PR can be achieved and maintained through switching from one TPO-RA to an alternative.
Transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided aspiration of mediastinal lymph node. Clinical case
Authors: Iurichev I. N. , Vereshchak V. V.
Published: September 2024

In oncologic practice, metastatic lesions in the mediastinal lymph nodes are primarily associated with lung cancer because of its high morbidity. However, lesions in mediastinal lymph nodes are quite common in the context of various other benign and malignant processes. Therefore, due to the anatomy of this zone, difficulties of visualization of specific lymph node groups, complicated differential diagnosis of benign and malignant processes, the problem of sampling biological materials from the affected area remains important and unsolved. Transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided aspiration is a highly effective and safe method of diagnosis and staging of oncologic diseases associated with metastatic lesions in the mediastinal lymph nodes.
The stage-by-stage treatment of critical aortic stenosis and progressive atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that occurred three decades after radiation therapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clinical case
Authors: Vilizhinskaya K. A. , Evseev E. P. , Aidamirov Ya. A. , Balakin E. V. , Fomin M. A. , Ivanov V. A. , Rudenko B. A. , Frolova Yu. V.
Published: September 2024

Modern treatment programs for Hodgkin’s lymphoma include both drug antitumor therapy and radiation exposure. When conducting remote radiation therapy on the mediastinal lymph nodes, damage to the heart, thoracic aorta and lungs is possible. Such late cardiovascular complications as damage to the valvular apparatus and progressive atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, leading to obstruction with the subsequent development of coronary heart disease, more often occurred after the use of extended radiation fields and high total focal doses. The article presents a clinical case of a 64-year-old patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, who successfully underwent staged cardiac surgery for severe aortic stenosis and progressive atherosclerosis with calcification of the coronary arteries due to radiation exposure.
Tam Hâkimiyetin Coşkusu: Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’nin Meclis’te Kabulü
Authors: Çeliker İlhan
Published: September 2024

Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşundan sonra Türkiye’nin uluslararası alanda elde ettiği önemli başarılardan birisi; Boğazlar konusunda Lozan’da getirilen kısıtlamaları Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’yle kaldırtmasıdır. Bu başarı barışçıl ve başarılı bir diplomasi sayesinde elde edilebilmiştir. Türkiye’nin Boğazlar üzerinde tam hâkimiyetini sağlayan başarı, tüm yurtta büyük bir sevinçle karşılanmış ve sözleşmenin Meclis’teki görüşmeleri de büyük bir coşku içerisinde gerçekleşmiştir. Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’nin Meclis’teki görüşmelerini analiz etmeyi amaç edinen bu çalışmada öncelikle Lozan sonrası durum ve Montreux’a giden süreç ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra Montreux’la getirilen yeni Boğazlar rejimi ve son olarak Meclis’teki görüşmeler ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Görüşmelerde milletvekillerinin son derece heyecanlı, sevinçli ve gururlu oldukları, elde edilen başarıdan dolayı başta Cumhurbaşkanı Atatürk olmak üzere katkısı olan tüm devlet adamlarına karşı büyük bir minnet duydukları görülmüştür.
Sigara Kullanan ve Kullanmayan Ergen Bireylerde Psikolojik Belirti Şiddetlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Yavuz Uçar Hilal Ayşenur , Yetkin Tekin Aysegul
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sigara kullanan ve kullanmayan ergenlerde psikolojik belirti şiddetlerinin karşılaştırılması, ve ergenlerde nikotin bağımlılık şiddeti ile psikolojik belirti şiddeti arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, İstanbul’daki bir lise okulunda eğitimine devam eden 14-18 yaş arası 230 lise öğrencisi oluşturdu. Her bir öğrenci bir sosyodemografik veri formu ile beraber Fagerstrom Nikotin Bağımlılık Testi ve SCL 90-R Psikolojik Belirti Tarama Testi’ni doldurdu. Katılımcıların 36.5%’i (n=84) sigara kullanıyordu. Sigara kullanan 84 öğrencinin 18.8%’i (n=42) düşük bağımlı, 11.7%’si (n=27) orta derece bağımlı, 6.5%’i (n=15) şiddetli bağımlı idi. Sigara kullanan öğrencilerin somatizasyon, obsesif-kompulsif, depresyon, anksiyete, düşmanlık, paranoid düşünce ve pbimokizm alt boyut skorları kullanmayanlara göre istatistiksel olarak yüksek saptandı. Öğrencilerin Fagerstrom Nikotin Bağımlılık testi skorları ile somatizasyon, düşmanlık ve pbimokizm alt boyut skorları arasında orta düzeyde güçlü bir ilişki saptanırken; Fagerstrom Nikotin Bağımlılık testi skorları ile obsesif-kompulsif, depresyon, anksiyete ve paranoid düşünce arasında zayıf düzeyde bir ilişki saptandı. Bulgularımıza göre, sigara kullanan ergenlerde psikolojik belirti şiddetleri daha yüksektir ve ergenlerde yüksek nikotin bağımlılık şiddeti yüksek psikolojik belirti şiddetleri ile ilişkilidir.
The aim of the present study is to compare the severity of psychological symptoms in adolescents who smoke and do not smoke, and to examine the relationship between nicotine addiction severity and psychological symptoms severities in adolescents. The sample of the study consisted of 230 high school students between the ages of 14 and 18 who were continuing their education at a high school. Each student completed the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test and the SCL 90-R Psychological Symptom Screening Test, along with a sociodemographic data form. 36.5% (n=84) of the participants were smokers. Of the 84 students who smoked, and 18.8% (n=42) were low addicted, 11.7% (n=27) were moderately addicted, and 6.5% (n=15) were severely addicted. The somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism subscale scores of adolescents who smoke were found to be statistically higher than those who did not smoke. While a moderately strong relationship was found between the students' Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test scores and somatization, hostility and psychoticism subscale scores; a weak relationship was found between Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence test scores and obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety and paranoid ideation in the students. According to our findings, psychological symptoms severities is higher in adolescents who smoke, and high nicotine addiction severity in adolescents is associated with high psychological symptom severities.
Emin El Hüseyni ve Holokost: Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Yılmazata Mehmet , Fidan Hasan
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışma İsrail Başbakanı Benyamin Netanyahu’nun “Hitler rejimi tarafından Yahudilere karşı işlenen ve “Holokost” olarak bilinen sistematik imha siyasetinde, Kudüs Müftüsü Hacı Emin El-Hüseyni’nin merkezi bir rol oynadığı” iddiasını tarihi verilerle değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, Nazi Almanyasında Yahudilere karşı bir devlet politikası olarak işlenen Holokost cinayetleri ile Emin El-Hüseyni arasında bağlantı olup olmadığı ele alınırken, Nazi iktidarının genel Ortadoğu ve İslam politikası da tartışılacaktır. Emin El-Hüseyni’nin temsil ettiği Filistin ulusal hareketinin çıkarlarını gerçekleştirmek maksadıyla Nazi Almanyası ile yaptığı işbirliğinin hangi düzeyde gerçekleştiği ve gerçekleşmenin bugün İsrail Başbakanı Netanyahu’nun iddiaları ile ne derece örtüştüğü değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca Netanyahu’nun Emin El Hüseyni ile ilgili ileri sürdüğü iddialar İsrail sağ iktidar partileri ve devlet adamları tarafından tarihi verilerin çarpıtılarak bir devlet politikası olarak kullanılıp kullanılmadığı iddaları soruşturulacaktır. Çalışma tarihsel ikincil kaynakların karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi yöntemine dayanmaktadır. Ayrıca yakın dönem İsrail siyaseti incelenerek İsrailli politikacıların tarihi kullanarak Filistin topraklarına karşı kolonyalist politikalarını sürdürürken dünya kamuoyunu taraflarına almak için tarihi kullanma ve çarpıtma amacı taşıdıkları ortaya koyulacaktır.
On the Development of a Modern Model for Ensuring Information and Psychological Security
Authors: Pozdnyakov V.M.
Published: September 2024

An analysis of modern scientific trends in the study and development of measures to ensure information and psychological security to counter threats and dangers in the framework of the information and psychological war waged against Russia is presented. Criticism was carried out in relation to the current "security and protective model of counteraction", initially doctrinally substantiated by lawyers and included in domestic legislation on security.  The prospects of the approach based on the interdisciplinary "preventive-cultural model" are shown, where the system-forming ones are psychological predictors reflecting the role of subjective activity of individual and group subjects. Taking into account the philosophical concept of anthropo-proportionality, the importance of methodological orientation in further research and program-project activities on such imperatives in the implementation of the "preventive-cultural model" of ensuring information and psychological security as preventive-victim and cultural-developmental is substantiated.
Value and Semantic Factors of Expected Professional Longevity of Master’s Students in the Program “Psychology of Special Risk Professions”
Authors: Berezina T.N.
Published: September 2024

The work aims to study the connection between value-semantic indicators and characteristics of age and planned professional longevity among undergraduates. Subjects: Master's students in the educational program "Psychology of Special Risk Professions" - 35 people (27 of them women, average age 37.4 + 7.39 years. Methods: "Hierarchy of Personality", assessment of personal attitude "egoism - altruism", real structure questionnaire on value orientations of the individual, “expected retirement age” scale, diagnostics of biological age, self-assessment of psychological age, regression analysis. Results: Three age indicators have been identified that characterize expected professional longevity and associated complexes of value-semantic characteristics 1) Expected retirement age characterizes. the duration of the planned working period. It is increased by the set of values: “rest and respect,” which includes the values of rest, interesting pastime, respect, and recognition from others. 2) Index of biological aging is reduced by the set of values “healthy altruism,” which includes the values of health, altruism, and material well-being. 3) The index of psychological aging is lowered by the complex of values “free time”, which includes the values ​​of communication, free time, and, in the opposite direction, the value of the family sphere and social activity. Conclusion: the expected professional longevity of master's students studying in the educational program "Psychology of special risk professions" is associated with their value-semantic orientations.
Linguosemiotic Method of Research in Political Communicativism
Authors: Iskhakova Z.Z.
Published: September 2024

This article is devoted to the linguistic approach in a new interdisciplinary field of knowledge called “political communicativism”. Among linguistic methods, the author singles out linguosemiotic method, aimed at decoding speech-behavioural codes in the context of communicative strategies. The importance of emotive codes in the process of information broadcasting in institutional discourse is noted. The paper provides examples of the use of communicative strategies in modern institutional communication of the national variant taking into account the suggestive and pragmatic potential on the basis of domestic and foreign studies.