bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian mixed model analysis uncovered 21 risk loci for chronic kidney disease in boxer dogs
Authors: Lingaas Frode , Tengvall Katarina , Jansen Johan Høgset , Pelander Lena , Hurst Maria H. , Meuwissen Theo , Karlsson Åsa , Meadows Jennifer R. S. , Sundström Elisabeth , Thoresen Stein Istre , Arnet Ellen Frøysadal , Guttersrud Ole Albert , Kierczak Marcin , Hytönen Marjo K. , Lohi Hannes , Hedhammar Åke , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Wang Chao
Published: January 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the human population, with only a small fraction genetically defined. CKD is also common in dogs and has been diagnosed in nearly all breeds, but its genetic basis remains unclear. Here, we performed a Bayesian mixed model genome-wide association analysis for canine CKD in a boxer population of 117 canine cases and 137 controls, and identified 21 genetic regions associated with the disease. At the top markers from each CKD region, the cases carried an average of 20.2 risk alleles, significantly higher than controls (15.6 risk alleles). An ANOVA test showed that the 21 CKD regions together explained 57% of CKD phenotypic variation in the population. Based on whole genome sequencing data of 20 boxers, we identified 5,206 variants in LD with the top 50 BayesR markers. Following comparative analysis with human regulatory data, 17 putative regulatory variants were identified and tested with electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In total four variants, three intronic variants from theMAGI2andGALNT18genes, and one variant in an intergenic region on chr28, showed alternative binding ability for the risk and protective alleles in kidney cell lines. Many genes from the 21 CKD regions,RELN,MAGI2,FGFR2and others, have been implicated in human kidney development or disease. The results from this study provide new information that may enlighten the etiology of CKD in both dogs and humans.
Proactive vs. reactive country responses to the COVID-19 pandemic shock
Authors: Sacco Pier Luigi , Valle Francesco , De Domenico Manlio
Published: January 2023

The infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is characterized by an infectious period with either asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic phases, leading to a rapid surge of mild and severe cases putting national health systems under serious stress. To avoid their collapse, and in the absence of pharmacological treatments, during the early pandemic phase countries worldwide were forced to adopt strategies, from elimination to mitigation, based on non-pharmacological interventions which, in turn, overloaded social, educational and economic systems. To date, the heterogeneity and incompleteness of data sources does not allow to quantify the multifaceted impact of the pandemic at country level and, consequently, to compare the effectiveness of country responses. Here, we tackle this challenge from a complex systems perspective, proposing a model to evaluate the impact of systemic failures in response to the pandemic shock. We use health, behavioral and economic indicators for 44 countries to build a shock index quantifying responses in terms of robustness and resilience, highlighting the crucial advantage of proactive policy and decision making styles over reactive ones, which can be game-changing during the emerging of a new variant of concern.
Leveraging the HIV response to strengthen pandemic preparedness
Authors: Collins Chris , Isbell Michael T. , Karim Quarraisha Abdool , Sohn Annette H. , Beyrer Chris , Maleche Allan
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic and the expectation of future pandemic threats have generated a global dialogue on strengthening pandemic preparedness and response (PPR). Thus far, this dialogue has largely failed to fully consider the critical role that established, disease-specific programs played in national and regional COVID-19 responses, and the potential for these programs to contribute to stronger pandemic preparedness for the future. The HIV response is an important example of a global health initiative that is already making substantial contributions to PPR. Both the infrastructure and core principles of the HIV response have much to contribute towards pandemic preparedness that is more effective and equitable than seen in the response to COVID-19. This review examines how HIV-related resources and principles can support communities and countries in being better prepared for emerging disease threats, with a specific focus on evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on the current literature, the review explores the clear, multi-faceted intersection between the HIV response and the central elements of pandemic preparedness in areas including surveillance; supply chain; primary care; health care workforce; community engagement; biomedical research; universal access without discrimination; political leadership; governance; and financing. There are many opportunities to be more strategic and purposeful in leveraging HIV programs and approaches for preparedness. Avoiding the longstanding temptation in global health to create new siloes, PPR initiatives, including the new Pandemic Fund at the World Bank, should invest in and build out from existing programs that are already making health systems more inclusive and resilient, including the global response to HIV.
Effectiveness of fluralaner treatment regimens for the control of canine Chagas disease: A mathematical modeling study
Authors: Fiatsonu Edem , Busselman Rachel E. , Hamer Gabriel L. , Hamer Sarah A. , Ndeffo-Mbah Martial L.
Published: January 2023

Background

Canine Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insect triatomine vectors known as kissing bugs. The agent can cause cardiac damage and long-term heart disease and death in humans, dogs, and other mammals. In laboratory settings, treatment of dogs with systemic insecticides has been shown to be highly efficacious at killing triatomines that feed on treated dogs.

Method

We developed compartmental vector-host models of T. cruzi transmission between the triatomine and dog population accounting for the impact of seasonality and triatomine migration on disease transmission dynamics. We considered a single vector-host model without seasonality, and model with seasonality, and a spatially coupled model. We used the models to evaluate the effectiveness of the insecticide fluralaner with different durations of treatment regimens for reducing T. cruzi infection in different transmission settings.

Results

In low and medium transmission settings, our model showed a marginal difference between the 3-month and 6-month regimens for reducing T. cruzi infection among dogs. The difference increases in the presence of seasonality and triatomine migration from a sylvatic transmission setting. In high transmission settings, the 3-month regimen was substantially more effective in reducing T. cruzi infections in dogs than the other regimens. Our model showed that increased migration rate reduces fluralaner effectiveness in all treatment regimens, but the relative reduction in effectiveness is minimal during the first years of treatment. However, if an additional 10% or more of triatomines killed by dog treatment were eaten by dogs, treatment could increase T. cruzi infections in the dog population at least during the first year of treatment.

Conclusion

Our analysis shows that treating all peridomestic dogs every three to six months for at least five years could be an effective measure to reduce T. cruzi infections in dogs and triatomines in peridomestic transmission settings. However, further studies at the local scale are needed to better understand the potential impact of routine use of fluralaner treatment on increasing dogs’ consumption of dead triatomines.
Cytokine gene polymorphism and parasite susceptibility in free-living rodents: Importance of non-coding variants
Authors: Kloch Agnieszka , Mierzejewska Ewa J. , Welc-Falęciak Renata , Bajer Anna , Biedrzycka Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

Associations between genetic variants and susceptibility to infections have long been studied in free-living hosts so as to infer the contemporary evolutionary forces that shape the genetic polymorphisms of immunity genes. Despite extensive studies of proteins interacting with pathogen-derived ligands, such as MHC (major histocompatilbility complex) or TLR (Toll-like receptors), little is known about the efferent arm of the immune system. Cytokines are signalling molecules that trigger and modulate the immune response, acting as a crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity. In the present study we investigated how genetic variation in cytokines in bank voles Myodes glareolus affects their susceptibility to infection by parasites (nematodes: Aspiculuris tianjensis, Heligmosomum mixtum, Heligmosomoides glareoli) and microparasites (Cryptosporidium sp, Babesia microti, Bartonella sp.). We focused on three cytokines: tumour necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin alpha (LTα), and interferon beta (IFNβ1). Overall, we identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with susceptibility to nematodes: two located in LTα and two in IFNβ1. One of those variants was synonymous, another located in an intron. Each SNP associated with parasite load was located in or next to a codon under selection, three codons displayed signatures of positive selection, and one of purifying selection. Our results indicate that cytokines are prone to parasite-driven selection and that non-coding variants, although commonly disregarded in studies of the genetic background of host-parasite co-evolution, may play a role in susceptibility to infections in wild systems.
Assessment of risk factors associated with potential drug-drug interactions among patients suffering from chronic disorders
Authors: Rasool Muhammad Fawad , Rehman Anees ur , Khan Irfanullah , Latif Muhammad , Ahmad Imran , Shakeel Sadia , Sadiq Muhammad , Hayat Khezar , Shah Shahid , Ashraf Waseem , Majeed Abdul , Hussain Iltaf , Hussain Rabia
Published: January 2023

Patients suffering from chronic diseases are more likely to experience pDDIs due to older age, prolonged treatment, severe illness and greater number of prescribed drugs. The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of pDDIs and risk factors associated with occurrence of pDDIs in chronic disease patients attending outpatient clinics for regular check-ups. Patients suffering from diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke and osteoporosis were included in the study. This study was a cross sectional, observational, prospective study that included 337 patients from outpatient clinics of respiratory ward, cardiac ward and orthopedic ward of Nishter Hospital Multan, Pakistan. The mean number of interactions per patient was 1.68. A greater risk for occurrence of pDDI was associated with older age ≥ 60 years (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.44–2.37, p<0.001); polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs) (OR = 3.74, 95% CI 2.32–4.54, p<0.001); overburden (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.64–3.16, p<0.01); CCI score (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.04–1.84, p<0.001); multiple prescribers to one patient (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.06–1.41, p<0.01); and trainee practitioner (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.28, p<0.01). Old age, polypharmacy, overburden healthcare system, higher comorbidity index, multiple prescribers to one patient and trainee practitioner were associated with increased risk of occurrence of pDDIs in chronic disease patients.
Graphical user interface design to improve understanding of the patient-reported outcome symptom response
Authors: Lee Mangyeong , Kang Danbee , Joi Yeongrae , Yoon Junghee , Kim Youngha , Kim Jinhwang , Kang Minwoong , Oh Dongryul , Shin Soo-Yong , Cho Juhee
Published: January 2023

Background

Symptom monitoring application (SMA) has clinical benefits to cancer patients but patients experience difficulties in using it. Few studies have identified which types of graphical user interface (GUI) are preferred by cancer patients for using the SMA.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study aimed to identify preferred GUI among cancer patients to use SMA. Total of 199 patients were asked to evaluate 8 types of GUIs combining text, icon, illustration, and colors using mixed-methods. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and gender.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 57 and 42.5% was male. The most preferred GUI was “Text + Icon + Color” (mean = 4.43), followed by “Text + Icon” (mean = 4.39). Older patients (≥ 60 years) preferred “Text + Icon” than younger patients (p for interaction < 0.01). Simple and intuitive text and icons were the most useful GUI for cancer patients to use the SMA.

Conclusion

Simple and intuitive text and icons were the most useful GUI for cancer patients to use the SMA. Researchers need to be careful when applying realistic face drawings to cancer symptom monitoring applications because they can recall negative images of cancer.
Vulnerability and agency in research participants’ daily lives and the research encounter: A qualitative case study of participants taking part in scrub typhus research in northern Thailand
Authors: Greer Rachel C. , Kanthawang Nipaphan , Roest Jennifer , Wangrangsimakul Tri , Parker Michael , Kelley Maureen , Cheah Phaik Yeong
Published: January 2023

Background

Researchers have a responsibility to protect all participants, especially vulnerable participants, from harm. Vulnerability is increasingly understood to be context specific, yet limited guidance is available regarding the vulnerability and agency of research participants in different cultural settings. This study aims to explore research participants’ daily vulnerability and agency, and how these interact with participants’ research experiences in their own words. Researchers’ views and responses were also explored.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted around two scrub typhus research studies in northern Thailand. A thematic analysis was carried out on 42 semi-structured interviews with research participants, their families, researchers and key informants.

Results

The majority of the research participants belonged to a hill tribe ethnic minority group. Common challenges were related to Thai language barriers, travel difficulties, uncertain legal status, unstable employment, lack of education and healthcare. We did not identify new vulnerabilities but we found that the extent of these vulnerabilities might be underestimated or even hidden from researchers in some cases. Despite these challenges people demonstrated agency in their daily lives and were often motivated and supported in this by family members. The majority of perceived research benefits were related to healthcare and gaining knowledge, while attending follow-up visits could be a burden for some.

Conclusions

Our approach to research in culturally and socioeconomically diverse settings should be more responsive to participants’ specific vulnerabilities and abilities evidenced in their daily life, rather than attributing vulnerability on the basis of membership of pre-defined ‘vulnerable groups’. Researchers need to be aware and responsive towards the challenges participants face locally in order to minimise the burdens of research participation whilst allowing participants to benefit from research.
High-resolution Bayesian chronology of the earliest evidence of domesticated animals in the Dutch wetlands (Hardinxveld-Giessendam archaeological sites)
Authors: Dreshaj Merita , Dee Michael , Brusgaard Nathalie , Raemaekers Daan , Peeters Hans
Published: January 2023

The archaeological sites of Hardinxveld-Giessendam de Bruin and Polderweg, situated in the Rhine-Meuse delta, are the best-preserved Mesolithic sites in the Netherlands. Due to the early appearance of domesticated animals in their faunal assemblage, they are also integral to the research of the emergence of animal husbandry in the region. This study focuses on the precise chronology of the sites, using radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modelling of both newly acquired and legacy radiocarbon dates. To mitigate the risk of erroneous dates, we dated the bone collagen of 26 herbivorous and one aquatic mammals from clear archaeological contexts and discovered that the most recent occupational phases at both sites are several centuries younger than previously thought. This is consistent with material evidence of lifestyle changes in the final phase at Hardinxveld-Giessendam de Bruin, which is now, according to our chronology, contemporaneous with the similar patterns produced in the region.
A global perspective of advanced practice nursing research: A review of systematic reviews protocol
Authors: Kilpatrick Kelley , Savard Isabelle , Audet Li-Anne , Kra-Friedman Abby , Atallah Renée , Jabbour Mira , Zhou Wentao , Wheeler Kathy , Ladd Elissa , Gray Deborah C. , Henderson Colette , Spies Lori A. , McGrath Heather , Rogers Melanie
Published: January 2023

Introduction

In 2020, the World Health Organization called for the expansion and greater recognition of all nursing roles, including advanced practice nurses (APNs), to better meet patient care needs. As defined by the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the two most common APN roles include nurse practitioners (NPs) and clinical nurse specialists (CNSs). They help ensure care to communities as well as patients and families with acute, chronic or complex conditions. Moreover, APNs support providers to deliver high quality care and improve access to services. Currently, there is much variability in the use of advanced practice nursing roles globally. A clearer understanding of the roles that are in place across the globe, and how they are being used will support greater role harmonization, and inform global priorities for advanced practice nursing education, research, and policy reform.

Objective

To identify current gaps in advanced practice nursing research globally.

Materials and methods

This review of systematic reviews will provide a description of the current state of the research, including gaps, on advanced practice nursing globally. We will include reviews that examine APNs, NPs or CNSs using recognized role definitions. We will search the CINAHL, EMBASE, Global Health, HealthStar, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews and Controlled Trials Register, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Joanna Briggs Institute, and Web of Science electronic databases for reviews published from January 2011 onwards, with no restrictions on jurisdiction or language. We will search the grey literature and hand search the reference lists of all relevant reviews to identify additional studies. We will extract country, patient, provider, health system, educational, and policy/scope of practice data. We will assess the quality of each included review using the CASP criteria, and summarize their findings. This review of systematic reviews protocol was developed following the PRISMA-P recommendations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021278532.
Debating stereotypes: Online reactions to the vice-presidential debate of 2020
Authors: Felmlee Diane H. , Julien Chris , Francisco Sara C.
Published: January 2023

The 2020 Vice-Presidential debate afforded the opportunity to examine online reactions toward a woman of color, Kamala Harris, and a white man, Mike Pence, as they vied for the same position. We collected tweets from the Twitter API related to Harris and Pence, mainly using neutral hashtags. We examined keywords for gender and race slurs and conducted a multivariate analysis of tweet sentiment. Gender and racial slurs surface in both Harris and Pence datasets, showcasing the insidious nature of sexist and racist stereotypes that seep into online conversations regarding a high-status job debate. As anticipated, tweets regarding Harris contained a higher proportion of racist and sexist curse words, highlighting greater levels of harassment and “intersectional,” multi-ethnic/gender attacks. Racial insults targeting Blacks or Asians were more negative than those associated with Whites. Unexpectedly, tweets related to Harris were more positive in average sentiment than those regarding Pence. Yet, there were significantly more retweets, and more negativity of retweets, relating to Harris than to Pence, underscoring the relatively widespread broadcasting of derogatory messages about Harris. Overall, we found that harassing messages toward the candidates reinforced traditional race and gender stereotypes and bolstered the status of those who posted negative content by attaining more retweets. Harassers routinely invoked well-worn, stereotypical insults in their attacks, especially when targeting a multiracial woman.
Phytoplankton and benthic infauna responses to aeration, an experimental ecological remediation, in a polluted subtropical estuary with organic-rich sediments
Authors: Ma Xiao , Fox Austin , Fox Stacey , Johnson Kevin B.
Published: January 2023

Fine-grained organic-rich sediments (FGORS) are accumulating in estuaries worldwide, with multi-faceted negative ecosystem impacts. A pilot experiment was carried out in a residential canal of the Indian River Lagoon estuary (IRL, Florida, USA) using an aeration treatment intended to mitigate the harmful ecological effects of organic-rich sediment pollution. Planktonic and benthic communities were monitored, and environmental data collected throughout the aeration process. Results were compared against control conditions to evaluate the efficacy of aeration in the mitigation of FGORS. During the aeration process, hurricane Irma impacted the study area, bringing heavy rainfall and spawning a brown tide event (Aureoumbra lagunensis). The overall thickness and volume of FGORS, and the organic content of surface sediments did not change during the aeration treatment. Dissolved oxygen was higher and ammonium concentrations were lower in aeration canal bottom water compared to the control canal. During treatment, aeration did facilitate benthic animal life when temperatures dropped below 25°C, likely due to water column mixing and the increased capacity of water to hold dissolved gasses. In general, aeration did not significantly change the planktonic community composition relative to the control canal, but, during the post-bloom period, aeration helped to weaken the brown tide and phytoplankton densities were 35–50% lower for A. lagunensis in aeration canal surface water compared to the control canal. Aeration has important management applications and may be useful for mitigating algal blooms in flow-restricted areas and promoting benthic communities in cooler environments.
Laboratory indicators of hypothyroidism and TgAA-positivity in the Eurasian dog breed
Authors: Schlipf Martina , Fischer Andrea , Patzl Martina , Hartmann Katrin , Pankraz Alexander , Dick Martina , Zablotski Yury , Küchenhoff Helmut , Wehner Astrid
Published: January 2023

Background

Hereditary hypothyroidism represents a concern for dog breeders; thus, surveillance programs have been established for several dog breeds.

Methods

Thyroid profiles (total thyroxine (TT4), thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)), and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAA)) collected as part of a breed surveillance program in Eurasians (2009–2017) were retrospectively analyzed. The study included data from 1,501 Eurasians from a German breeding club. Classification was exclusively based on laboratory data. Hypothyroidism was defined as a combined decrease in TT4 and increase in TSH in serum and was classified as TgAA-positive and TgAA-negative hypothyroidism. Thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAA) independent of the concentrations of TT4 and TSH were determined. The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism, TgAA-positive hypothyroidism, TgAA-negative hypothyroidism and TgAA-positivity was assessed when the dogs entered the program. Follow-up laboratory data was available for 324 dogs without hypothyroidism on initial examination.

Results

The initial screening was performed at a median age of 18 months (interquartile range (IQR): 15–29). The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was 3.9% (n = 58; 95% CI: 2.9–4.8%) and the prevalence of a positive TgAA status was 7.9% (n = 118; 95% CI: 6.6–9.3%). The prevalence of TgAA-positive and TgAA-negative hypothyroidism was 1.7% (n = 26; 95% CI: 1.1–2.4%) and 2.1% (n = 32; 95% CI: 1.4–2.9%), respectively. 22.0% of dogs with positive TgAA status (26/118) were already hypothyroid on initial examination. Overall, 42.5% (17/40) of TgAA-positive dogs on initial examination developed hypothyroidism on follow-up.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrate that the Eurasian dog breed exhibits a relevant risk for hypothyroidism and presence of TgAA. The predictive value of TgAA for hypothyroidism or developing hypothyroidism was high in this breed. Further investigations with longitudinal studies in individual dogs are warranted.
Mental health problems and admissions to hospital for accidents and injuries in the UK military: A data linkage study
Authors: Chui Zoe , Leightley Daniel , Jones Margaret , Landau Sabine , McCrone Paul , Hayes Richard D. , Wessely Simon , Fear Nicola T. , Goodwin Laura
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Accidents are the most common cause of death among UK military personnel. It is a common misconception in the general public that accidental injuries are always the result of random events, however research suggests that mental health problems and the increased levels of risky behaviour in military personnel may play a role. The objective of this study was to further our understanding of injuries and deaths not related to deployment by examining the associations of mental health, alcohol misuse and smoking with inpatient admission to hospital for accidents and injuries, and attendance to accident and emergency (A&E) departments.

Methods

Data on all hospital admissions for accidents and injuries and A&E attendance at NHS hospitals in England, Scotland and Wales were linked to data on self-reported mental health problems, alcohol misuse and smoking from a large, representative UK military cohort of serving and ex-serving personnel (n = 8,602). Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between having a hospital admission for an accident or injury with self-reported mental health problems, alcohol misuse and smoking. Cox proportional-hazards regression was then conducted to assess the associations of mental health problems, alcohol misuse and smoking with time to hospital admission for an accident or injury. Finally, negative binomial regression was used to examine associations between the number of A&E attendances with mental health problems, alcohol misuse and smoking.

Results

Personnel reporting symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD) or probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were more likely to have an admission to hospital for an accident or injury (fully adjusted odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.84), than those who did not report these symptoms, and also had more attendances to A&E (fully adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.32, 95% CI 1.16–1.51). A&E attendances were also more common in personnel who were smokers (fully adjusted IRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09–1.35) following adjustment for demographic, military and health characteristics.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that accidents and injuries among military personnel are not always random events and that there are health and behavioural factors, including poor mental health and smoking, which are associated (with small effect sizes) with an increased risk of being involved in an accident. Clinicians treating individuals attending hospital after an accident should consider their healthcare needs holistically, including issues related to mental health and health damaging behaviours.
Healthcare resource use and associated costs in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Spain: A retrospective analysis from the first to the third pandemic wave. EPICOV study
Authors: Drago Georgina , Pérez-Sádaba Francisco Javier , Aceituno Susana , Gari Carla , López-Belmonte Juan Luis
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Describe healthcare resource use and costs per hospitalized coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patient during the three main outbreak waves.

Methods

A retrospective observational study. COVID-19 patient data were collected from a dataset from 17 hospitals in the HM Hospitals Group. Mean total costs per hospitalized patient and per day were estimated in each wave, as defined by the Spanish National Health System perspective. In addition, costs were estimated for both patients admitted and those not admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and were stratified by age groups.

Results

A total of 3756 COVID-19 patients were included: 2279 (60.7%) for the first, 740 (19.7%) for the second, and 737 (19.6%) for the and third wave. Most (around 90%) did not require ICU treatment. For those patients, mean ± SD cost per patient ranged from €10 196.1 ± €7237.2 (mean length of stay [LOS] ± SD: 9.7 ± 6.2 days) for the second wave to €9364.5 ± €6321.1 for the third wave (mean 9.0 ± 5.7 days). Mean costs were around €1000 per day for all the waves. For patients admitted to the ICU, cost per patient ranged from €81 332.5 ± €63 725.8 (mean 31.0 ± 26.3 days) for the second wave to €36 952.1 ± €24 809.2 (mean 15.7 ± 8.2 days) for the third wave. Mean costs per day were around €3000 for all the waves. When estimated by age, mean LOS and costs were greater in patients over 80 when not admitted to the ICU and for patients aged 60 to 79 when admitted to the ICU.

Conclusions

LOS was longer for patients admitted to the ICU (especially in the first two waves) and for older patients in our study cohort; these populations incurred the highest hospitalization costs.
Analysis of regulatory sequences in exosomal DNA of NANOGP8
Authors: Vaidya Manjusha , Smith Jonhoi , Field Melvin , Sugaya Kiminobu
Published: January 2023

Exosomes participate in intercellular communication by transporting functionally active molecules. Such cargo from the original cells comprising proteins, micro-RNA, mRNA, single-stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules pleiotropically transforms the target cells. Although cancer cells secrete exosomes carrying a significant level of DNA capable of modulating oncogene expression in a recipient cell, the regulatory mechanism is unknown. We have previously reported that cancer cells produce exosomes containing NANOGP8 DNA. NANOGP8 is an oncogenic paralog of embryonic stem cell transcription factor NANOG and does not express in cells since it is a pseudogene. However, in this study, we evaluated NANOGP8 expression in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissue from a surgically removed brain tumor of a patient. Significantly higher NANOGP8 transcription was observed in GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) than in GBM cancer cells or neural stem cells (NSCs), despite identical sequences of NANOGP8-upstream genomic region in all the cell lines. This finding suggests that upstream genomic sequences of NANOGP8 may have environment-dependent promoter activity. We also found that the regulatory sequences upstream of exosomal NANOGP8 GBM DNA contain multiple core promoter elements, transcription factor binding sites, and segments of human viruses known for their oncogenic role. The exosomal sequence of NANOGP8-upstream GBM DNA is different from corresponding genomic sequences in CSCs, cancer cells, and NSCs as well as from the sequences reported by NCBI. These sequence dissimilarities suggest that exosomal NANOGP8 GBM DNA may not be a part of the genomic DNA. Exosomes possibly acquire this DNA from other sources where it is synthesized by an unknown mechanism. The significance of exosome-bestowed regulatory elements in the transcription of promoter-less retrogene such as NANOGP8 remains to be determined.
Of monsters and women: Feminist response to gender-based violence in Galician noir
Authors: Barbour Catherine
Published: January 2023

This article contrasts strategies of resistance to gender-based violence in two examples of audio-visual media which draw on or subvert the burgeoning genre of Galician noir; Season 1 of the TVG-Netflix hit O sabor das margaridas () directed by Miguel Conde and the women-centred grassroots feminist web series Monstras () directed by Eire García Cid. These divergent case studies muddy the binary of female victimhood and male aggression whilst drawing attention to the hegemonic sexual politics and socio-economic systems which facilitate and endorse violence against women and girls. Yet while Monstras stands as a paradigmatic example of a socially conscious, ideologically driven artistic response to patriarchal violence, the feminist attributes of O sabor das margaridas are largely trumped by commercial concerns, shown for example through the eroticization of violence. Though Galician noir has made a breakthrough on international streaming media by foregrounding women’s resistance to gender-based violence, this tends to be manipulated by the bid for viewer ratings. Fundamentally, it continues to be in alternative media where some of the most revolutionary conversations about women’s rights are taking place in the Galician cultural sphere.
The Management of Voluntary Abortion in Family Counselling Services. A Qualitative Study on the Role of Social Workers in Italy
Authors: Testoni Ines , Salvalaio Giulia , Pompele Sara , Zamperini Adriano
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Elective abortion has always been considered taboo. The event can sometimes be experienced as traumatic, as the woman finds herself struggling against a range of emotions: fear, shame, ambivalence, and a sense of guilt. Multidisciplinary support is therefore fundamental to guide women during this complex phase, and social workers usually play a key role in the process. The present study aimed therefore to explore the experiences and perspectives of social workers who worked with women who decided to have abortions, focusing on the strongest and weakest aspects of their support process. Methodology. The study involved 10 social workers working in family counselling services in Italy. All of them were female, with a mean age of 47 years, and a mean of 16.7 years of experience in the field. The study followed a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews that were studied following the principles of thematic analysis. Results. Three fundamental themes emerged from the data analysis: “Limits of the family counselling procedures and organization”; “The emotional dimension of elective abortion”; and “The issue of conscientious objectors”. Discussion. The study highlighted how family counselling services are facing a crisis due to the lack of resources, personnel, and projects allowing for women’s proper sexual education and support. It also showed how the social worker’s role, which is fundamental, has instead been reduced, especially regarding elective abortions. Moreover, there was a lack of social and sanitary contexts integration and professional training that would provide the operators with specific skills and make them feel prepared to address such delicate situations. Conclusions. The need has emerged for a new, multidisciplinary perspective on the issue of voluntary interruption of pregnancy and social workers play a major role. However, the support system still presents many shortcomings for the women in need of assistance. The present study offers innovative and practical suggestions to properly fill these gaps.
“You have raised me between two worlds”: Mothers, daughters, and emotions in the Sahrawi digital diaspora in Spain
Authors: Almenara-Niebla Silvia
Published: January 2023

The theoretical development of the concept of diaspora accounts for almost any transnational population that maintains strong emotional ties based on nostalgia and memory with their territories of origin, but also affects and ties with their territories of destination. These processes are generated through intrinsically diverse experiences that are constructed in-between both social realities. The emergence of digital technologies has provided these populations with a new scenario wherein the past and present homes are connected by immediate communication, which currently reduces distances, and uprootedness. However, few investigations have analyzed the frequent communication paradoxes that occur within these communities based on not only the need to be connected but also the failure to meet family expectations. Most studies have focused on the experience of mothers and the role they play in maintaining traditions linked to their places of origin, leaving behind the experience of daughters and their mutual relationship. This article addresses this gap while exploring the challenges that these contradictions present for the Sahrawi digital diaspora in Spain. Specifically, it investigates relationships between mothers and daughters and their impact on the social media practices of the latter. Through a social media ethnography that was developed between 2016 and 2018 together with Sahrawi refugees in Spain, this research examines how aspects such as the maintenance of family honor and the need to build one’s own life plan constantly clash in relationships between mothers and daughters with respect to cultural preservation, the emergence of new forms of belonging, emotional relations, and community expectations.
Desafios e percalços da pessoas com deficiência no Brasil
Authors: PAIXÃO ROGÉRIO LIMA , SOUZA LUIZA CATARINA SOBREIRA DE
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo trata do estudo da possível mudança do estigma atrelada à pessoa com deficiência, enquanto elemento de alteridade no complexo meio social em que vive. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu na análise e caracterização dos principais fatores que permearam ou dificultaram a implementação da autonomia da PCD na busca por inclusão, especialmente no que se refere às possíveis soluções para esse problema. Para tanto, foi feito um levantamento das principais legislações pertinentes e acontecimentos determinantes que culminaram com a atual conjuntura em que se encontra a pessoa com deficiência na sociedade brasileira. A partir desse estudo, num processo de avanços e recuos, foi possível inferir o abismo existente entre a progressiva legislação em expansão e dificuldade de pô-la em prática na maioria das situações fáticas.
Practice Patterns and Outcomes of Patients With Retained Gastric Food Content Encountered During Endoscopy
Authors: Lin Emily , Gao Yinglin , Wright Andrew , Kim John J.
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Retained gastric food content encountered during upper endoscopy may reduce diagnostic accuracy and increase the risk of aspiration. The aim of this study was to evaluate endoscopists' practice patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with retained gastric food content encountered during endoscopy.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients with retained gastric food content during first-time endoscopy at Loma Linda University Health (January 2016–March 2021) were identified. Primary endpoints were a complete examination (deep duodenal intubation) and 30-day postprocedural respiratory adverse events.

RESULTS:

Of 17,868 patients undergoing endoscopy, 629 (3.5%) (mean age 55 ± 17 years) met inclusion criteria. Moderate sedation was performed in 506 (80.4%), anesthesiologist-assisted sedation in 16 (2.5%), and general anesthesia in 107 (17.0%) patients. 534 (84.9%) patients received a complete examination, and endoscopist-specific completion rates varied by quintile among 26 endoscopists (range 70.3%–98.0%, P < 0.0001). Large food gastric content decreased (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.4) while obtaining mucosal biopsies increased (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.7) the likelihood of complete examination after adjusting for endoscopist-specific completion rates. Subsequently, 58 (9.2%) patients required repeat endoscopy within 30 days. During follow-up, 41 (6.5%) patients developed respiratory adverse events including 21 (3.3%) requiring ventilatory support. Hospitalized patients (aOR 37.8, 95% CI 4.9–289.0) compared with outpatients and large compared with small gastric food content (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.2) increased the likelihood of respiratory adverse events.

DISCUSSION:

Although deep duodenal intubation was achieved in most patients receiving endoscopy, the rate of complete examination varied among individual endoscopists and the extent of food burden. Respiratory adverse events occurred almost exclusively in hospitalized patients and were associated with high morbidity including half developing respiratory failure.
Einleitung
Authors: Scheiding Oliver , Fazli Sabina
Published: January 2023

Die Verfasser*innen Oliver Scheiding und Sabina Fazli widmen sich der Frage, wie Gesellschaften in Zeitschriften betrachtet werden und welche Übersetzungsleistungen sie in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Kontexten bieten. Um diesen Fragen nachzugehen, analysieren die Verfasser*innen das Zusammenspiel von Textgestaltung, Design, Inhalten, Infrastrukturen und Zielgruppen von Zeitschriften. Sie erweitern den Blick im Rahmen einer differenzierungstheoretischen Forschungsagenda und betrachten Zeitschriften als materialisierte Zeichensysteme und kommunikative Artefakte innerhalb der materiellen Kultur der Gesellschaft. Zeitschriften stellen somit ideale Demonstrationsobjekte für die Proliferation von Lebensstilen dar, da sie in allen Bereichen der Gesellschaft verbreitet sind und dabei ihren Eigensinn entfalten.
Periodizität
Authors: Fröhlich Vincent
Published: January 2023

Vincent Fröhlich widmet sich einem häufig als zentral angesehenen Merkmal von Zeitschriften: der Periodizität. So wichtig dieser Aspekt zu sein scheint, so schwer fassbar ist er zugleich: Bestimmt die periodische Wiederkehr tatsächlich die Zeitschrift, und wenn ja, inwiefern? Was ermöglicht Periodizität diesem Medienformat? Was wird als zeitschriftentypische Periodizität verstanden? Der Beitrag geht diesen Fragen nach, indem er das Thema unterteilt in Periode, Periodisieren und Periodizität. Die verfolgte These lautet, dass Zeitschriften in einem vielschichtigen, reziproken Resonanzbeziehungsspektrum stehen. Sie begleiten Perioden, nehmen extrinsische zeitliche Faktoren auf und periodisieren zugleich ihrerseits: Sie bestimmen einen Veröffentlichungsrhythmus, der fester Teil ihres Profils wird und periodisieren Wissen.
Bild-Schrift-Konstellationen
Authors: Ruchatz Jens
Published: January 2023

Bild-Schrift-Beziehungen gewinnen in Zeitschriften seit dem 18. Jahrhundert fortlaufend an Bedeutung, bis sie im 20. Jahrhundert fast alle Zeitschriften durchziehen. Der Beitrag entfaltet dieses Medienverhältnis insbesondere in seinen zeitschriftentypischen Ausprägungen. Zuerst werden systematisch die verschiedenen Orte (etwa Bildunterschriften) aufgefächert, an denen sich Bild-Schrift-Beziehungen zeitschriftentypisch einstellen können. Im zweiten Schritt kommen theoretische Konzepte zur Sprache, die Bild-Schrift-Beziehungen nicht nur als Illustration, sondern zugleich umfassender und spezifischer fassen. Schließlich wird in einer historischen Perspektive aufgezeigt, wie die wechselnd verfügbaren Techniken der Bildreproduktion Schrift-Bild-Verhältnisse vorprägen.
Zeitschriftenlesen
Authors: Schneider Ute
Published: January 2023

Die Verfasserin fragt in ihrem Beitrag nach den Funktionen und Leistungen des Mediums Zeitschrift unter folgenden Aspekten: (1) die Relevanz von Zeitschriften für die Durchsetzung der Kulturtechnik Lesen als mediale Alltagspraxis, (2) ihre Rolle bei der Entstehung des modernen (literarischen) Publikums im 18. Jahrhundert, (3) ihre mediale Bedeutung in der Literalisierung und Literaturvermittlung an ein breites Massenpublikum und (4) ihre Wirkung im Popularisierungsprozess von visueller Kultur und Lifestyle durch Schauen und Blättern. #-DOI:10.14361/9783839451137-001-#Die Verfasser*innen Oliver Scheiding und Sabina Fazli widmen sich der Frage, wie Gesellschaften in Zeitschriften betrachtet werden und welche Übersetzungsleistungen sie in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Kontexten bieten. Um diesen Fragen nachzugehen, analysieren die Verfasser*innen das Zusammenspiel von Textgestaltung, Design, Inhalten, Infrastrukturen und Zielgruppen von Zeitschriften. Sie erweitern den Blick im Rahmen einer differenzierungstheoretischen Forschungsagenda und betrachten Zeitschriften als materialisierte Zeichensysteme und kommunikative Artefakte innerhalb der materiellen Kultur der Gesellschaft. Zeitschriften stellen somit ideale Demonstrationsobjekte für die Proliferation von Lebensstilen dar, da sie in allen Bereichen der Gesellschaft verbreitet sind und dabei ihren Eigensinn entfalten.
Zeitschriften und Populärkultur
Authors: Afflerbach Ian
Published: January 2023

Ian Afflerbach widmet sich in diesem Beitrag dem Aufstieg der Science-Fiction-Pulps in den USA und identifiziert dieses Archiv als idealen Raum, um das Verhältnis von Populärkultur und Zeitschriftenforschung zu untersuchen. Der Beitrag nimmt zunächst die Entstehung der US-amerikanischen SF im Feld der Populärzeitschriften in den Blick, von Frank Munseys frühen Pulps bis hin zu Hugo Gernsbacks Amazing Stories. Abschließend werden Fragen erörtert, die sich angesichts der gezielt irritierenden Ästhetik von H.P. Lovecraft ergeben. Lovecrafts Geschichten werden hierbei als Beispiele »unpopulärer Kultur« betrachtet - ein Konzept, dessen weitreichendere theoretische Erschließung noch aussteht.
Fotografie und Zeitschrift
Authors: Improda Dennis
Published: January 2023

Dennis Improda widmet sich in diesem Beitrag dem wechselseitigen Bedingungsverhältnis von Fotografie und Zeitschrift. Von einem fotografischen Spektrum ausgehend, finden sowohl der fotohistorische Diskurs als auch die historische Entwicklung druckgrafischer Reproduktionsverfahren ihre Berücksichtigung. Zudem wird der fototheoretische Anspruch aufgezeigt, das Primat einer kunsthistorischen Perspektive für die Analyse fotografischer Bilder zu überwinden und diese hinsichtlich des fotografischen Dispositivs zu erweitern. Exemplarisch setzt sich der Beitrag mit künstlerischer Fotografie von Thomas Florschuetz auseinander, welche in originalgrafischen Künstler:innenzeitschriften der DDR publiziert wurde, und fokussiert damit einen kunstwissenschaftlichen Gegenstandsbereich der Zeitschriftenforschung. Abschließend werden wesentliche Aspekte und Ansätze der Analyse fotografischer Bilder in Zeitschriften zusammengefasst.
Zeitschriften und Linguistik
Authors: Logaldo Mara
Published: January 2023

Mara Logaldo beleuchtet in diesem Beitrag die unterschiedlichen sprachwissenschaftlichen Ansätze, die in der Zeitschriftenforschung zur Anwendung kommen, von Diskursanalyse und Soziolinguistik über multimodale und textlinguistische Verfahren bis hin zu Bewertungstheorie und Korpuslinguistik. Ausgehend von Fragestellungen zu den physischen und sozialen Merkmalen der Zeitschrift untersucht sie, wie die linguistische Analyse - deren Einsatz im Feld der Zeitschriftenforschung immer noch begrenzt ist - sich textuellen, kontextuellen und sozialen Praktiken annähert. Die Linguistik deckt Logaldo zufolge zwar nicht alle Aspekte der Zeitschriftenforschung methodologisch ab, hat jedoch wesentlich zu den Fortschritten innerhalb der Disziplin beigetragen. Der Beitrag macht vor diesem Hintergrund auch auf die Gefahren akademischer Fragmentierung aufmerksam.
Transnationale Printkultur des 19. Jahrhunderts im digitalen Raum
Authors: Priewe Marc
Published: January 2023

Marc Priewe widmet sich in seinem Beitrag verschiedenen Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen der Arbeit mit Zeitungsarchiven, die im 19. Jahrhundert angelegt wurden und seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts zunehmend digitalisiert und der Forschung zugänglich gemacht werden. Exemplarisch wird dafür die Berichterstattung über den Ausbruch des indonesischen Vulkans Krakatau im Jahr 1883 in den Blick genommen. Dies geschieht durch einen Vergleich verschiedener Nachrichtenzyklen zu dem Ereignis und dessen Folgen in sechs überregionalen, digitalen Zeitungsarchiven. Die Untersuchung setzt sich zum Ziel, das Verständnis über die ideologischen Untermauerungen der Nachrichtenberichterstattung des 19. Jahrhunderts zu erweitern.