bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of mine spoils for the reclamation of degraded lands of the Jos-Bukuru tin field, central Nigeria
Authors: Daku Sunday Sani , Igwe Ogbonnaya
Published: August 2024

Tin mining operations on the Jos Plateau have left a lasting impact on the environment, resulting in derelict land, mine spoils, and over a thousand abandoned mining ponds. These ponds have become potential hazards, endangering unsuspecting members of the public. This study aims to provide a comprehensive geochemical and geotechnical characterization of the mine spoils to assess their suitability for the reclamation and restoration of the degraded mined lands. The geochemical analysis reveals that the mine spoils exhibit a strong to moderate level of acidity, with a pH range of 3.91 to 5.90 (average: 4.85). Furthermore, they display deficiencies in essential nutrients such as phosphorus (average: 0.02%) and potassium (average: 0.31%), as well as trace elements such as copper (average: 19.15 ppm), manganese (average: 165.15 ppm), and zinc (average: 53.24 ppm). Notably, the mine spoils are enriched in iron (average: 6.31%). These findings highlight the inadequate presence of both micronutrient and macronutrient elements necessary for successful revegetation which is a crucial component of reclamation. Results from the geotechnical tests indicate that the mine spoils possess an average fines content of 56.03%, a mean liquid limit of 38.06%, and a mean plasticity index of 15.52%. Additionally, the average linear shrinkage value is measured at 10%. The average values for maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) are 1.65 g/cm³ and 19%, respectively. The unsoaked California bearing ratio (CBR) averages 34.64%, while the coefficient of permeability for the spoil is approximately 1.24x10-3 mm/sec. Furthermore, the spoils average cohesion (C) was measured to be 12.150 while the mean angle of internal friction is 30.77 KN/M2. These results collectively indicate that mechanical and chemical stabilization, involving the use of lime, fly ash, and other soil-stabilizing agents is imperative for the effective reclamation of the degraded lands using the mine spoils. Such measures if adopted and implemented will mitigate the risk of accidents and drowning incidents from mining ponds and other abandoned pits involving unsuspecting members of the public and will contribute to the overall environmental restoration efforts in the Jos-Bukuru Tin Field.
Sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and ADMET studies of Fe (II) and Cu (II) nano-sized complexes of trimethoprim
Authors: Asogwa B. C. , Mac-kalunta O. M. , Iheanyichukwu J. I. , Otuokere I. E. , Nnochirionye K.
Published: August 2024

Nanoparticles exhibit distinct physical and chemical characteristics and are becoming increasingly significant in the production of innovative nanodevices for many applications in physics, biology, biomedicine, and pharmaceuticals. The aim of this research work is to synthesize Fe (II) and Cu (II) nano-sized complexes of trimethoprim (TMP) using the sonication method, characterize them using physical and spectroscopic methods, and carry out ADMET studies on the synthesized complexes. The spectroscopic and physical studies showed a change in colour and an increase in melting point due to coordination. The novel compounds were slightly soluble in water. The XRD tests revealed that the new nanocomplexes were crystalline. The Fe (II) nanocomplexes had a size of 57.56 nm and the Cu (II) nanocomplexes had a size of 69.88 nm. These values were found using Debye-Scherrer’s equation. The FTIR results of the TMP, Fe (II), and Cu (II) nanometal complexes showed a shift of the amino group band from 3317 to 3295 and 3202 cm?1 and the azomethine band from 1633 to 1625 and 1592 cm?1 in the complexes. In the complexes, the proton NMR spectra revealed an upfield shift of the amine proton. The carbon-13 NMR spectra showed that CH2 was involved in coordination with the metal ions. The spectra studies indicated that TMP coordinated with the metal ions through the methylene and amino groups. A trigonal bipyramid structure was proposed for the complexes. The results of the Rule of 5 studies indicated that the test compounds had a good drug-likeness prediction, with only one violation. The ADMET prediction showed that all of the compounds demonstrated improved pharmacokinetic characteristics and adhered to the RO5 requirement. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Fe (II) and Cu (II) nano-sized TMP complexes as bioactive compounds that warrant further investigation for pharmaceutical applications.
Pendampingan Goal Setting Atlet Pencak Silat Jawa Tengah PON 2024
Authors: Rony Syaifullah  , Baskoro Nugroho Putro  , Hanik Liskustyawati  , Sri Santoso Sabarini  , Agus Mukholid  , Djoko Nugroho  , Waluyo Waluyo , Aulia Maris Syahputri  , Putri Indah Nazareta
Published: August 2024

Pendampingan goal setting membantu atlet Pencak Silat Jawa Tengah menetapkan tujuan spesifik, meningkatkan motivasi, dan mengelola emosi untuk prestasi optimal di PON 2024. Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) membantu atlet pencak silat menetapkan dan mencapai tujuan dengan menggali potensi mental optimal. NLP mencakup strategi seperti visualisasi yang kuat, mengubah bahasa internal menjadi positif, membangun keyakinan diri, dan mengelola emosi melalui teknik grounding. Teknik anchoring dan mindfulness meningkatkan fokus dan konsentrasi, membantu atlet meraih prestasi tinggi dan mental juara berkelanjutan. Atlet Pencak Silat Jawa Tengah kini menggunakan visualisasi, bahasa positif, dan teknik NLP untuk mengenali dan mengelola emosi, meningkatkan fokus dan performa, serta mengganti keyakinan negatif, membantu mereka meraih prestasi di PON 2024.
Neonatal intestinal obstruction secondary to Meckel's diverticulum with associated band and ileal stricture: A case report
Authors: Bamoria Priyanka , Upreti Sheetal , Nahid Eram , Ahmad MD. Fahim , Kumar Prafull , Ratan Simmi K
Published: August 2024

Background: Symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum is exceptionally rare in neonates, often presenting as intestinal obstruction or perforation. The differential diagnosis may encompass more prevalent conditions like intestinal atresia, malrotation, or Hirschsprung's disease.
Case Presentation: We present a case of a 21-day-old female who presented with intestinal obstruction. Exploratory laparotomy revealed Meckel's diverticulum with a mesodiverticular band causing closed-loop obstruction along with three passable strictures in the ileum. Surgical resection of the affected bowel and the creation of an ileostomy were performed due to bowel ischemia and hemodynamic instability.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are pivotal in managing neonatal Meckel's diverticulum, reducing risks of bowel necrosis and complications.
Policing in a failing state: An impossible mission
Authors: Masiloane David
Published: August 2024

The political interference and poor governance lead to a weak police service that fails to provide safety and security to communities. This exposes people to crime and criminality and makes them lose trust in the police, compelling them to take the law into their own hands. A weak state paralyses the police, and a paralysed police service reflect a weak state. This study analysed books, articles, and print and electronic media to determine whether South Africa exhibits some of the characteristics of a failing state, and what impact this has on the police and policing in the country. The failure of the state at any level – such as the inability of the National Student Financial Aid Scheme to speedily disburse financial aid to students, municipalities’ incapacity to render services to communities, and the police’s powerlessness in dealing with high crime rates – leads to public discontent, anger and frustration, which tend to be expressed through violent protests. The policing of these protests is often criticised as being either indecisive or brutal, thus presenting a continuous challenge to police leadership on how to strike a sensitive balance between indecisiveness and brutality.
Recent Case: Criminal procedure
Authors: Reddi Managay
Published: August 2024

None
ЯШИЛ ИҚТИСОДИЁТ КОНЦЕПЦИЯСИ ВА УНИНГ ШАКЛЛАНИШ ХУСУСИЯТЛАРИ
Authors: Эшов Мансур , Насырходжаева Дилафруз
Published: August 2024

Мақолада яшил иқтисодиёт концепцияси ва унинг шаклланиш хусусиятлари билан боғлиқ жараёнлар тадқиқ этилган. Яшил иқтисодиётни шакллантириш жараёнига таъсир кўрсатувчи омилларнинг комплекс ривожланиш тизими асосланган бўлиб, мавжуд шарт-шароит ва имкониятлар таъсирида яшил иқтисодиётни амалга ошириш тизимини такомиллаштиришга доирл илмий таклиф ва амалий тавсиялар шакллантирилган.
ДАВЛАТ ФИСКАЛ (БЮДЖЕТ-СОЛИҚ) СИЁСАТИНИНГ ИҚТИСОДИЙ ЎСИШ ВА БАНДЛИККА ТАЪСИРИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ
Authors: Асатуллаев Хуршид
Published: August 2024

Дунёдаги зиддиятли ҳолатлар ва жаҳон хўжалигидаги таркибий ўзгаришларга учраётган бир даврда мамлакатда иқтисодий ўсиш ва аҳоли бандлигини  таъминлашда давлатнинг оқилона иқтисодий сиёсатини ишлаб чиқишни тақозо этади. Жамият иқтисодий тараққиётига ва иқтисодий ўсишга ва аҳолининг самарали бандлигига эришишда замон зайлига мос равишда давлат фискал (бюджет-солиқ) сиёсатининг устувор йўналишларини тадқиқ этиш долзарб мавзулардан бири саналади. Замонавий фискал (бюджет-солиқ) сиёсати давлат молиявий ресурсларидан оқилона фойдаланиш орқали иқтисодий фаолликни оширишга ва иқтисодиётдаги нохуш ҳолатларни баратараф этишга қаратилган бўлади. Унинг асосий мақсади барқарор иқтисодий ўсишни ва аҳоли бандлигини таъминлашга қаратилган иқтисодий цикл тебранишларини ва инфляцияни жиловлаш ҳамда юқори бандлик даражасига эришиш ҳисобланади. Мақолада давлат фискал (бюджет-солиқ) сиёсатининг иқтисодий дастакларидан оқилона фойдаланиш орқали иқтисодий ўсишни таъминлашга қаратилган илмий амалий тахлилар ва хулосалар берилган.
MINTAQALARDA GLOBAL OZIQ-OVQAT XAVFSIZLIGI VA QISHLOQ XOʻJALIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA TADQIQOTNING OʻRNI
Authors: Matyoqubova Dilfuza , Qobulov Ozodbek
Published: August 2024

Ushbu maqolada, oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini kamaytirishga qaratilgan tadqiqotlar, asosan rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarni tashvishga solayotgan sohalarga qaratilgan asosiy yoʻnalishlar tadqiq qilingan.
ҚОЗОҒИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ ИҚТИСОДИЁТИНИ РИВОЖЛАНИШИДА МИНТАҚАВИЙ ТАФОВУТЛАРНИНГ ЎРНИ
Authors: Улашов Алибой
Published: August 2024

Мақолада Қозоғистон Республикасининг геосиёсий тузилмаси, бутлиги унинг ички мамурий-ҳудудий қисмлари, минтақавий бошқарув субъектлари асосида шаклланиши ва ижтимоий-иқтисодий ҳаёти ҳудудий ташкил этиш ва бошқариш тизими орқали амалга оширили тадқиқ этилган, шунингдек, уларни шакллантириш имкониятлари аниқланган ҳамда зарурий шароитларни яратишга қаратилган тавсиялар берилган.
АҚЛЛИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРДАН ТУРИЗМ ДЕСТИНАЦИЯЛАРИ ВА ШАҲАРЛАРДА САМАРАЛИ ФОЙДАЛАНИШ
Authors: Матюсупов Бунёд
Published: August 2024

Ушбу мақолада ақлли туризм технологиялари, шунингдек ақлли шаҳар ва туризм дестинацияси тушунчалари таҳлил қилинган, уларнинг ўзаро боғлиқлиги ўрганилган ҳамда рақамли технологиялардан самарали фойдаланиш бўйича тегишли хулоса ва таклифлар берилган.
ИҚТИСОДИЁТДА ИНВЕСТИЦИОН ФАОЛИЯТИ ВА УНИ БЕЛГИЛОВЧИ ОМИЛЛАР
Authors: Мухитдинова Камола
Published: August 2024

Мақолада инвестицион фаоллик инвестицион фаолиятга объектив ва субъектив маълумотлар орқали таъсир кўрсатиши билан намоён этилиши, инвестицион фаолият даражалари ва уни белгиловчи омиллар кенг таҳлил қилинган. Шунингдек, инвестицион фаолиятни молиялаштириш манбалари таҳлил қилинган.
Peran Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) terhadap Prognosis Pasien Preeklampsia/Eklampsia
Authors: Rahmadi Diaz , Miarta Andi , Mafiana Rose
Published: August 2024

Preeklampsia adalah onset hipertensi yang baru terdeteksi pada usia kehamilan ≥20 minggu pada minimal 2 pemeriksaan dengan jarak 4 jam, disertai dengan proteinuria atau kondisi penyulit lainnya (trombositopenia, gangguan fungsi hati, edema paru, gangguan ginjal, sakit kepala). Eklampsia adalah manifestasi kejang dari hipertensi dalam kehamilan. Preeklamsia dan eklampsia mempersulit 6–8% dari semua kehamilan dan menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi ibu dan janin. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) adalah enzim sitoplasma intraseluler yang dominan dari glikolisis anaerobik, dilepaskan ke sirkulasi umum selama apoptosis sel. Gen LDH A adalah gen yang diinduksi hipoksia yang ditandai dengan peningkatan/penurunan regulasi HIF-1 alfa yang tidak efektif. Dengan demikian, LDH dapat menjadi penanda utama iskemia, kerusakan jaringan yang berhubungan dengan disfungsi endotel dan keparahan preeklamsia. Preeklamsia menyebabkan gangguan multisistem dan kematian sel, semakin tinggi kematian seluler maka LDH akan semakin meningkat, maka terjadi peningkatan kadar laktat dalam darah. Peningkatan LDH mengindikasikan adanya kerusakan dan disfungsi sel, sehingga LDH dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker yang dapat mendiagnosis keparahan suatu penyakit, komplikasi, dan kondisi janin. Kadar LDH serum paska persalinan merupakan pemeriksaan yang relatif mudah dilakukan, sehingga dapat dijadikan salah satu dasar penentuan prognosis pasien preeklampsia/eklampsia.
Analyzing the Representation of Body Image in Women’s Magazines Through NLP
Authors: Darmosusilo Tiffany
Published: August 2024

In the age of media and widespread digital presence, there is increasing pressure to conform to unrealistic beauty standards. The media places significant emphasis on body image and appearance-related features, with recent emphasis on the glamorization of a thin body ideal. The idolization of unrealistic body types can have dangerous psychological and physical impacts on women, such as body dysmorphia and disordered eating. This computational study compares and analyzes how body image is portrayed in four online women’s magazines — Woman’s World, Seventeen, Shape, and Cosmopolitan. In this study, a dataset totaling over 1000 articles was sourced from the online publications of the four magazines. Studying how women’s magazines portray body image can be useful in understanding the quantitative measures and raising awareness of the effects of such language. Through the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods of nltk relative frequency tasks, we aim to interpret the appearance of body-related language pertaining to thinness, weight loss, and body image. Our results show consistent usage of body-image language for all four magazines. Out of the four magazines, Woman’s World has the most significant frequency of language related to weight loss, thinness, and body composition. Both Shape and Woman’s World also have prevalent language related to changing body shape.
The Ways BCIs can be Abused and The Necessary Preventative Actions
Authors: Bardon Ava
Published: August 2024

The development of the brain-computer interface (BCI) reveals the plethora of its uses in the modern world. From hospitals and medicine to entertainment and gaming, the BCI shows great potential to improve human lives. As BCIs continue to advance, the question of ethics arises. This paper discusses six main concerns that have emerged with the growth of BCIs, and an explanation of why action must be taken to prevent these possible issues. These issues include: data security and privacy, monitoring and influencing affective states, the manipulation of affective states, unethical uses in a corporate environment, lack of understanding the possible unintended consequences of using such technology, and unequal access to the technology itself. The paper concludes that there are many examples of technologies that have developed rapidly without proper guardrails, and the BCI, with an incredible amount of potential, is another example of technology that poses risks in absence of the right guardrails. It ends with suggesting approaches for enacting, through the government, regulatory oversight to provide the right guardrails to protect society.
Detection of Similar Melodies by Repurposing Algorithms for Sequence Alignment and String Searching
Authors: Krishnakumar Vihaan
Published: August 2024

Music plagiarism is an important concern for the music industry. Current methods of using experts to detect plagiarism are subjective and error-prone. This paper compares the performance of both string-searching algorithms and algorithms traditionally used in bioinformatics, and in particular, Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) and Smith-Waterman, for the detection of melodic plagiarism. The input MIDI files are converted into an array after data processing and used as the basis for comparison.  Across most thresholds, melodic plagiarism detection using KMP exhibits greater recall than, similar precision to, and faster runtimes than Smith-Waterman. We conclude that exact string searching algorithms like KMP can be more effective than local sequence alignment methods like Smith-Waterman.
An Evaluation and Analysis of Solutions to Challenges of Neurodivergent Individuals During Air Travel
Authors: Dastidar Aviraj
Published: August 2024

For individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), traveling via airplane can be an arduous process. Factors such as hostile architecture, unfamiliarity with surroundings, and the inability to properly accommodate or prepare individuals for air travel can play a role in causing or exacerbating the difficulties neurodivergent individuals face. By isolating the causes of certain issues that individuals with ASD encounter during the air travel process, a better understanding of how to best move forward with developing procedures, designs, and architecture to help accommodate individuals with ASD can be developed. The paper evaluates previously established methods for preparing and accommodating neurodivergent individuals for different parts of the air travel process. Published research papers were divided into groups based on whether they approached the problem from an architectural or procedural standpoint, and then methods within each category were evaluated to find the best overall solutions. Ultimately, using the ASPECTSS system proved to be a promising approach to mitigating the challenges from a design standpoint (especially as it pertained to acoustic design and sequencing of a space). From a procedural standpoint, the gamification approach proved to be extremely effective yet costly, while the POV-Video approach showed some promise in being superior to gamification from a resource-intensiveness standpoint. By combining these approaches, great strides could be made in improving the air travel experience for individuals with autism.
The Promise of MDMA in the Future Treatment of Severe Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Panin Mia , Abercrombie Jason
Published: August 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an often debilitating condition caused by a person’s exposure to traumatic events. Symptoms of PTSD include intrusive thoughts, suicidal ideation, and highly negative and distressing emotional states. Current treatments for PTSD such as cognitive behavioral therapy, EMDR, and SSRIs and SNRIs are ineffective for a large chunk of patients who seek out treatment. A majority of patients with PTSD do not respond to talking therapy, and the remission rate for patients on SSRIs and SNRIs is low. The ineffectiveness of recommended treatments has led to experimentation with drugs like MDMA. MDMA increases levels of chemicals in the brain that induce happy and calm states. This drug also decreases fear states in patients, allowing them to more comfortably discuss traumatic events without the possible side effects of extreme emotional numbness or high levels of anxiety. Research conducted in the last decade on MDMA in addition to psychotherapy in a clinical setting has yielded impressive results. A majority of patients in all three conducted trials experienced a long-term reduction in PTSD symptoms. MDMA in a clinical setting was also proven to be safe, with no serious drug-related side effects on patients. With such high rates of symptom reduction, these studies provide hope for the future of effective and safe PTSD treatment.
The Torture of Isolation: The Negative Effects of Solitary Confinement
Authors: Isaacs Corinne , Pyland Kimberly
Published: August 2024

Solitary confinement is a popular form of punishment for misbehaving inmates in United States’ prison systems. However, the question surrounding solitary confinement is the psychological effect on solitary confinement inmates. Two studies were analyzed to determine not only what the effects of isolation were, but how the findings from these studies could be applied to the field of psychology and everyday life. Even with the drastic difference in sample size and data collection methods between the two studies, the results from both studies were that solitary confinement has lasting negative psychological effects. It causes incarcerated individuals to be at increased risk for mild psychosis, self harm, anxiety, and depression. This mental decline can be explained with social and developmental psychology, namely ostracism and Erikson’s developmental stages, which both demonstrate why social relationships are necessary for personal well being. The information from this research also exemplifies why people are averse to social isolation, for instance, the mandated quarantine and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The concern is how these lasting psychological effects impact the ability of these individuals to be rehabilitated and reintegrated into general society.
Modern Scope of Tourette Syndrome: History, Treatments, Comorbidities’ Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Cho Justin
Published: August 2024

Tourette Syndrome is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by uncontrollable motor and vocal outbursts. The disorder is usually accompanied by comorbidities such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and more. This review organizes current research regarding pathologies of these comorbidities, and how dopamine as well as other neurological sequences give rise to tics and other disorders. Furthermore, this review promotes the need for research to shed light on the negative quality of life that Tourettes has on individuals, especially children, and questions the role that social concern and inabilities act as mediators for the onset of such comorbid disorders. I begin by briefly going over Tourette Syndrome’s history and explain the current scope of treatment options ranging from surgical procedures to behavioral options. Afterward, the paper discusses the current technology used for pathology detection and raises potential implications for technology use for comorbidity pathologies.
Using Green Solutions to Cover the Dark, Red History of Urban Heat Islands in New York City
Authors: Sung Jihyeon
Published: August 2024

An urban heat island (UHI) is an area in a city that experiences higher temperatures relative to surrounding areas. New York City (NYC) experiences the UHI effect and is vulnerable to extreme heat and precipitation. Although multiple interventions were made on the issue, there exists a knowledge gap regarding the historical root of this phenomenon in present-day NYC. This paper uses secondary data, such as satellite images and climate databases, and conducts linear regressions to shed light on the interlink of heat and income inequality caused by redlining, the now-illegal practice by the federal government labeling non-white neighborhoods undesirable for real estate investment and depriving them of investment. The study analyzes the key issues of various stakeholders’ past actions and ultimately proposes city-wide green remodeling as a sustainable intervention. This research seeks to propose the most effective and feasible method for NYC to reduce its UHI effect and to emphasize the importance of considering historical injustices when investigating environmental issues.
How can Artificial Intelligence Techniques Effectively Enhance Credit Card Fraud Detection Systems?
Authors: Gupta Naitik
Published: August 2024

The boom in Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution is significantly transforming our everyday lives. Every aspect of technology, process, and system implements AI to provide a superior user experience, enhanced machine capabilities and advanced problem-solving and research capabilities. However, due to this technological revolution, rise in fraud has become an enormous challenge in the digital economy. This research paper aims to test different Machine Learning (ML) models to explore real-time fraud detection capabilities accurately, particularly for credit card fraud prevention systems. Technologies like online bank transfers and smartphone payments based on credit accounts are major contributors to fraudulent transactions. AI/ML models have proven to be industry-disruptors, robust, significantly faster and produce more accurate results. These advantages have led to launch of successful companies like OpenAI. This paper uses model metrics such as Supervised, Unsupervised, and Ensemble methods to improve the detection of unauthorized transactions for fraud detection. Models will be ranked for performance using accuracy metrics, F-1, and Area Under Curve (AUC) scores. While zero false rates are not yet achievable, this study aims to reach a reasonably low level by selecting an appropriate model.
Gene-Based Therapy for Brain Cancer: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Maheshwari Anay
Published: August 2024

Brain cancer, including gliomas and other malignant tumors, represents a devastating and challenging disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Conventional therapies such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have shown limited success, necessitating the exploration of alternative approaches. Gene-based therapy has emerged as a promising frontier in precision medicine, leveraging our growing understanding of the genetic and molecular drivers underlying brain tumor development and progression. This paper provides an overview of recent advancements in gene-based therapies for brain cancer, including gene editing techniques, gene silencing strategies, Immunotherapy, and more. Notably, these approaches aim to target specific oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and immune-related genes to inhibit tumor growth, induce apoptosis, and enhance the patient's immune response against cancer cells. Moreover, gene-based therapies offer the potential for personalized treatments tailored to individual patients based on their unique genetic profile, increasing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. While gene-based therapies have shown promising preclinical and early clinical results, challenges related to delivery, safety, and off-target effects remain to be addressed. This abstract emphasizes the urgent need for further research and large-scale clinical trials to establish the safety and long-term efficacy of gene-based therapies for brain cancer treatment. As the field continues to evolve, gene-based therapy holds great promise in reshaping the landscape of brain cancer management and providing hope for improved patient outcomes in the future.
Empress Theodora of Byzantium Through the Lens of Ancient Female Archetypes
Authors: Evans Phoebe
Published: August 2024

This paper evaluates the historical reception of Byzantine Empress Theodora through the lens of her contemporaries and societal expectations. As Theodora was empress of the Eastern Roman empire during the spread of Christianity, she must be seen through the lens of biblical themes as well as through Roman literature.  A prevalent Roman example for ideal femininity is found in Lucretia: a noblewoman who toppled the Etruscan kings with her honor. After she was violated, Lucretia chose to expose the perpetrator and end her life rather than live sullied. With such mythos surrounding a woman who chose her honor over her life, it is no wonder Theodora was received with shock. Theodora spent her early years as an actress, meaning she earned much of her living through sex work. Another strong Roman literary comparison comes in the form of Medea. Medea represented the antithesis to feminine ideals because she had murdered her kin. More than anything, familial duties rested upon a wife or mother in a Roman household, and a woman like Theodora who was, inaccurately, rumored to have orchestrated the death of an illegitimate child. Although the rumor is false, it represented a fracture between Theodora and the expectations her society had for her. Finally, in her Christian contemporary, Mary Magdalene, Theodora was viewed as redeemed. Just as Mary did in the Gospel of Luke, Theodora went from "sinful woman" to queen and a dedicated wife. She embodied the story of redemption that is so often told in Christianity.
Retinal Image Analysis for Simultaneous Classification and Severity Grading of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder using Deep Learning
Authors: Lee Luke , Ingram Kevin
Published: August 2024

Over the last 20 years, the number of children born with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has significantly increased. According to the U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of children with ASD in the United States had increased from 1 in 150 in 2000 to 1 in 36 in 2020, which is an increase of 316.7% and the number of children with ADHD has been around 10% of Population. As the number of children with ASD and ADHD is increasing rapidly, an early diagnosis of both mental disorders is essential, which can contribute to the improvement of the condition of children significantly. By employing retinal images, the early detection of ASD and ADHD in the developmental stages of childhood becomes feasible. Consequently, the development of a diagnostic system that identifies the presence of ASD and ADHD is essential for healthcare interventions and the enhancement of children's well-being when potential remediation is attainable. This research aims to develop a system for early diagnosis of ASD and ADHD utilizing retinal images and deep learning through convolutional neural networks. The proposed approach classifies the retinal images into disorder categories and severity levels. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach as a biometric for the early diagnosis of ASD and ADHD.
Architectural Space Recognition from Blueprints Using Machine Learning-Based Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Yu Shiho , Jin Su
Published: August 2024

Architectural blueprints have been providing fundamental processes for urban planning, construction, and interior design for professionals. It contains a visual representation of building plans and specifications in the construction and design industry. However, for the non-expert, it is difficult to understand these complex technical drawings. This is because of the specialized language, symbols, and technical knowledge required to understand architectural blueprints. This challenge often leads to misunderstandings which can extend the construction process and escalate costs. To bridge this knowledge gap, in this research paper, I propose a machine-based blueprint interpretation method using semantic segmentation. The proposed method takes blueprints as input and generates semantic segmentation maps. These maps categorize and isolate distinct architectural areas into predefined classes, including rooms, kitchens, and bathrooms. The proposed machine learning model is tested on a publicly available dataset of architectural blueprints. Through comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessments, it is shown that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance.
A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, and Bard (Gemini Pro) in Sarcasm Detection
Authors: Budda Navadeep , Budda Naveen
Published: August 2024

Understanding nuanced human communication like sarcasm is a significant challenge in the rapidly evolving domains of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP). This study aims to comparatively analyze the sarcasm detection capabilities of three advanced AI models: ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, and Bard (Gemini Pro). Utilizing the Sarcasm Corpus V2, focused on general sarcasm, the research involved testing 100 sentences (50 sarcastic and 50 non-sarcastic) with each model to assess their detection accuracy.
The results indicated distinct performance variations among the models. ChatGPT-4 and Bard showed a relatively balanced ability in identifying both sarcastic and non-sarcastic sentences, whereas ChatGPT-3.5 exhibited a stronger accuracy in detecting non-sarcastic sentences but struggled with sarcastic ones. Statistical analysis confirmed that the differences in performance were significant (p < 0.05).
These findings have critical implications for the development and application of AI in fields requiring nuanced language understanding, such as social media analysis, customer service, and sentiment analysis. The study highlights the varying strengths and weaknesses of current AI models in processing complex linguistic constructs like sarcasm and underscores the need for continued advancements in this area.
Conclusively, this research provides valuable insights into the current state of sarcasm detection in AI, contributing to the broader understanding of AI's language processing capabilities. It also opens avenues for future research, particularly in enhancing AI algorithms for improved sarcasm detection across diverse contexts and languages
Genetic Mechanism of Food Allergies
Authors: Goel Simran , Appavu, Ph.D. Dr. Rajagopal , Kethar Jothsna
Published: August 2024

Food allergy (FA) is the culmination of different genetic and environmental factors. It is an increasingly concerning health problem affecting millions of people around the globe. Currently, there is research being done on the impact that genetics have on a person’s likelihood of having a food allergy, as well as how genetics research can further help the prevention and treatment of food allergies. This paper aims to review current genetic studies, such as familial aggregation studies and candidate gene association studies, both of which provide evidence that certain genes make it more likely for people to have FA. Some genes including the HLA gene family linked to peanut and apple allergies, the CD14 gene linked to multiple FA studies, and SPINK5, a protease inhibitor protein, all make a person with any of these genes more likely to have FA. This paper also focuses on examining future treatments, specifically immunotherapy treatments like the OIT, and future diagnostic tests for FA, such as the BAT and CRD, all of which are now being tested in labs. The field of FA genetics is a new and promising area of study and has the potential to impact many lives in the future.
The Perception of Working Women on Women's Empowerment
Authors: Setty Suhanaa
Published: August 2024

Women’s empowerment, according to World Vision Australia can be defined as “promoting women’s sense of self-worth, their ability to determine their own choices, and their right to influence social change for themselves and others.” Organisations around the world have recognized the value women bring to the table and have made several attempts in the form of Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives in order to support and foster women’s empowerment in the workplace. While these measures are commendable, it is imperative that we look at them from the perspectives of those who are affected by them the most, i.e. women in the corporate sector. To conduct this study, a survey was circulated to 32 female participants working in the corporate sector, above the age of 20, residing in Delhi, Haryana, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, using convenient sampling methods. The findings suggest that although many respondents reported the existence of initiatives aimed at empowering women in their workplaces, a significant portion did not experience any benefits from these efforts. These findings carry significant implications that underscore the urgency for organisations to transcend superficial gestures and instead adopt comprehensive strategies that challenge long-standing norms and practices. The study emphasises the importance of genuine commitment and transformative measures as instrumental drivers in bringing about substantive change. In conclusion, this research accentuates the imperative for businesses to prioritise gender diversity in leadership roles, ensuring equal opportunities for all employees while advancing work-life balance and fostering an inclusive corporate culture.
Is Personalizing Space Medicine, Truly the Future of Space Medicine
Authors: Maheshguru Shifali , Kethar Jothsna , Appavu, Ph.d Dr. Rajagopal
Published: August 2024

Space is a mystery, anything can happen when you are up in space. Astronauts have to be prepared when they travel outside the earth's atmosphere. When going into space many things can go wrong. However, the biggest factor that can go wrong is the astronaut's health. Getting sick in space could be fatal as astronauts have very few options for medication and such. Remember that when going to space many factors make astronauts sick. Over the years space medicine has challenged the boundaries from when it first started. As we move forward, it will become a bigger challenge as we dream bigger to one day colonize Mars, hence we need to improve space medicine. In this essay I have prepared to explain what I believe could be the future, in a way that ensures the astronauts we send into space are safe, hence the idea of personalized space medicine.
The Effects of Light on Sleep Patterns and Circadian Rhythms
Authors: Venuturimilli Karthik , Patel Rahul , Hon Olivia
Published: August 2024

Although humans spend an increasingly considerable amount of time in front of light emitting diode (LED)/digital screens, little research has been conducted focusing on the effects of artificial light on circadian rhythm and sleep. A current theory suggests that exposure to light, artificial or natural, outside of daytime hours has a detrimental effect on the neurobiology of an individual. Furthermore,  artificial light from these screens or at a larger scale, light pollution, defined as excessive outdoor artificial light,  can affect the circadian rhythms. The central pacemaker in the brain, known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls various essential biological processes. Current evidence suggests  different wavelengths of light have contrasting impacts on SCN activity and subsequent circadian rhythms. Alterations to circadian rhythms can have a profound impact on sleep and mood.  Therefore, understanding how artificial light impacts SCN function is critical for determining the psychological and biological consequences. This paper reviews the effects that artificial light has on the brain, and breaks down the biological and psychological processes that control sleep and mood.
Creative infestation
Authors: Zhu Xuanrui
Published: August 2024

The fourteenth-century outbreak of Bubonic Plague, known as the Black Death, exerted a transformative impact upon Western Europe, facilitating the development of more empirical and observational forms of medicine and science, weakening the hold of the Catholic Church, and dealing a major blow to the feudalistic state organization and manorial economies. Western society after the Black Death would never look the same again. The Black Death should thus be viewed as laying the foundations of, and a major catalyst for, the emergence of modernity in Western Europe.
Simulating charged particles in electromagnetic fields
Authors: Cristian Adrien , Ripperda Bart
Published: August 2024

Relativistic charged particles in electromagnetic fields follow paths that increase in complexity with an increasingly complex field. When traveling in these fields, the particles are acted upon by an electromagnetic force comprised of an electric component and a magnetic component. While solving for these paths in simple electromagnetic fields can be done analytically, the task becomes significantly more difficult when the fields get more complex. Thus, in these situations, numerical methods are required to find solutions. One of the most well-known such methods is the Boris method, which is explored in this paper.  Before this method is applied to any complex situations, its accuracy must be ensured by testing on simple cases which are solvable by hand. These cases include a 1D electric field in the direction of the initial velocity of the particle, and a 1D magnetic field perpendicular to the particle's velocity. With the accuracy proven, the method was applied to the cases of a force-free field, a dipolar field, and a quadrupolar field. In the latter two cases the method produced very interesting results that could provide significant insight that would be very difficult to achieve analytically. In the case of the force-free field, however, the method shows some limitations, as a precise cancellation of the force produced by the electric and magnetic fields is required to produce a straight line and the Boris method has some difficulty achieving this, especially when using a large time step.
Live Streaming E-commerce: Understanding what causes the impulse of consumers, what affects people's psyche, and how Live Streaming E-commerce promotes economic development at the same time
Authors: Shu Ziyuan , Wang Xinyu , Sun Helen
Published: August 2024

With the popularity of live streaming and the impact of the pandemic, people are gradually switching from offline to online shopping. There is evidence that online impulse buying is becoming a growing trend. Although many studies have looked into consumer impulse buying in offline shopping, there has been little attention paid to online impulse buying in live streaming. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the live-streaming model on shoppers' impulse purchases and the resulting economic development using the stimulus-organization response (SOR) framework. We estimated the model with questionnaires and data from shopping software. The results show that the social status and image of the anchor affect impulse purchases directly or indirectly through pleasure. Our findings can help impulse-prone consumers mitigate impulse purchases in the digital world while providing economic evidence for live-streaming operators.
E-Chat: Causes and Effects of Paid Online Chatting and Does Online Escorted Chatting Provide Emotional Value?
Authors: Shu Ziyuan
Published: August 2024

With the development of Internet technology, Internet escorts have become increasingly popular. Internet escorts include chatting only and Internet prostitution, and the police are gradually cracking down on Internet prostitution. This research paper focuses on whether online escorts provide emotional value. In this research paper, we will distinguish the mode of online escort chatting. We will discuss the causes, data, and impact and conclude whether online escort chatting provides emotional value. The research hypothesis is that online escorts do not provide emotional value.
COVID-19 Exposure in Working Equines-A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Cheng Jennifer , Cheng Willoon
Published: August 2024

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) is known to infect multiple animal species, including equines. The annual economic impact of the equine industry is significant – involving some $300 billion dollars and 1.6 million full-time jobs globally with a worth of $16 billion in Canada9.  The ability of horses to carry the SARS-CoV-2 virus is therefore of economic and public health interest. In this longitudinal study, four equines in a competitive hunter barn were monitored over a period of three years for the presence of COVID-19 by oral swab. Despite exposure to large numbers of people and other equines, no animals tested positive for COVID-19. This study suggests that the risk of transmission of COVID-19 in a competitive hunter barn setting is low.
Effect of Long-term Oral Administration of Different Dosages of Caffeine on Anesthetic Emerging Time
Authors: Ma Yuxuan , Sun Jianhua
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to investigate the effect of prolonged oral ingestion of different doses of caffeine on anesthetic emergence time. In our experiment, eighteen male mice were selected and randomly divided into three groups of six mice, each according to the concentration of caffeine administered: a high-concentration caffeine group, a low-concentration caffeine group, and a blank control group. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and Zoletil 50, and the time of emergence was recorded for both anesthesia and the time of entry into anesthesia was recorded for Zoletil 50 anesthesia. Twenty-four hours after the anesthesia experiments, the mice were subjected to Morris water maze experiments, visual station experiments, hidden station experiments, and spatial exploration experiments. The results showed that both high-dose and low-dose coffee ig accelerated isoflurane and Zoletil 50 anesthesia emerging, with the high-dose being statistically more significant for the acceleration of anesthesia emerging. Prolonged oral coffee administration did not affect the time to enter anesthesia. Long-term oral coffee administration enhanced spatial exploration and spatial learning memory after anesthesia.
Human-Robot Task Handoff: A Probabilistic Modeling Approach Explored through Cooperative Drawing
Authors: Choi Lucas , Greer Ross
Published: August 2024

Recent research in human-robot interaction explores the potential for human-machine collaboration in surgical procedures, dividing tasks into manual and automatable subtasks. This paper investigates the task of handoff detection, crucial for the success of robot-assisted surgery, focusing on the creation of a synthetic dataset which can be used for training and benchmarking models for this task. We present a dataset of parabolas, simulating cooperative drawing between a human and a robot, with variations in drawing rates and added noise. The study demonstrates the applicability of HMMs in determining handoff points, laying the groundwork for future research in human-machine collaborative surgery. The dataset, along with the provided code and raw data, are provided as a resource for future research. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the dataset and suggest directions for future research, emphasizing the need for higher-dimensional and real-world datasets.
Investigation and Identification of the causes and effects of Cancer - a Basic Overview
Authors: Vijayasekaran Ashwin
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses the depths of cancer and its impact on society as of the calendar year 2023. The paper goes into detail on the specific treatments preferred by patients such as chemotherapy, radiation-therapy, and surgery. It provides an overview of the difficulty concerned with curing cancer and compares cancer with other major diseases of the recent past. This paper also goes through some of the major preventative steps that could possibly help with avoiding the disease of cancer in an individual's lifetime. Overall, through the accumulation of treatments, background information such as causes and effects, and preventative steps this article illustrates the complexity of cancer and provides a basic understanding of what cancer is and how to potentially avoid it.