bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epicuro y la publicidad: Comunicación, consumo y felicidad.
Authors: García López Javier
Published: July 2024

En la actualidad, la comunicación publicitaria tiene un rol institucional y configura nuestros deseos y necesidades. Todo ello, en un ambiente en el que la búsqueda de la felicidad parece el camino inexorable en un sistema de producción y consumo crecientes. El presente trabajo analiza los conceptos de publicidad, consumo y felicidad desde una perspectiva epicúrea con el objetivo de encontrar preguntas y respuestas sobre cómo la publicidad convencional moldea la percepción de la idea de felicidad. A partir de una muestra de spots publicitarios actuales se utiliza el método del análisis crítico del discurso para, desde la perspectiva de la filosofía práctica, ofrecer luz sobre cómo construir discursos publicitarios más amables con las personas y con su ambiente. La comunicación publicitaria comercial incita la búsqueda constante de placeres efímeros que se tornan necesarios. Paradójicamente, esa necesititis propia de las sociedades contemporáneas puede suponer un obstáculo para una felicidad emocionalmente equilibrada. Epicuro nos enseña la importancia de la frugalidad, la autarquía o la ataraxia, antídotos emocionales ante el deseo de consumo constante. No obstante, los planteamientos epicúreos invitan a pensar la publicidad desde una ética de lo práctico, a imaginar una publicidad más amable con el entorno y con nosotros mismos.
Place marketing, happiness and communication structure.: Review and context of consumer wellbeing.
Authors: Fernández-Ossó Fuentes María , Sánchez-Gey Valenzuela Nuria
Published: July 2024

This research is based on the concepts of marketing and happiness in the wellness sector, thinking about the consumer and studying consumer happiness stimulated through the consumption of products and the media structure observed through media planning and support. The methodology used is quantitative survey methodology, using a sample of a total of 384 consumers and company employees, identifying internal and external factors related to happiness that drive a continuous consumption cycle as consumers seek satisfaction in products with novel features. The results point to a high emotional impact on marketing, suggesting strategies for companies and their relationship with their audiences.
Comportamiento de compra del consumidor digital en Latinoamérica 2020 - 2023. Una revisión sistemática.
Authors: Salcedo Farro Daniela Leticia , Salcedo Guerrero Marycielo Del Carmen , Calero Espinoza Nikole Shirley , Núñez Chuez Mario Franco Antonio , Gonzales Riquelme Cristhian
Published: July 2024

En el presente estudio, se empleó el método PRISMA para realizar una revisión sistemática con respecto al comportamiento del consumidor en entornos de comercio electrónico. El objetivo es comprender las preferencias y preocupaciones del consumidor en plataformas digitales. Se tomaron en cuenta artículos académicos que abarcan diferentes aspectos, desde el análisis del customer journey hasta la influencia de las campañas de marketing digital en la relación con los clientes. Los resultados muestran un aumento significativo en las transacciones digitales durante el período de confinamiento. Los resultados revelan un cambio significativo en los hábitos de compra y consumo, evidenciando la creciente adopción del comercio electrónico y la importancia de la confianza, la innovación tecnológica y la comunicación efectiva en la satisfacción del consumidor. Estos hallazgos destacan la necesidad de implementar estrategias de comercio electrónico centradas en la seguridad y la confianza del consumidor para adaptarse a los cambios del mercado digital.
Opening First-Party App Resources: Empirical Evidence of Free-Riding
Authors: Soh Franck , Setia Pankaj , Grover Varun
Published: July 2024

Although platform owners create significant entrepreneurial opportunities for third-party developers, they frequently compete with them by entering the same markets. This study examines the impact of opening a first-party app’s resources on rivals’ innovation. Unlike prior research, which assumes that first-party apps have exclusive access to their resources, our study reveals that increased openness of first-party apps leads to free-riding benefits for rivals. This openness boosts rivals’ consumer demand, thereby fostering greater innovation. Our findings show that rivals attract more consumers because of complementary offerings available through alternatives, rather than through improved experiences provided by third-party apps utilizing the first-party app’s open resources. Our research provides two key implications. First, beyond platform openness, platform owners might consider first-party apps’ openness as a strategy to enhance the ecosystem’s evolvability. Second, third-party developers can enhance their innovation capabilities to better exploit the free-riding benefits stemming from the openness of first-party apps.
The value of ultrasonography in detecting gastric haemorrhage
Authors: Uygun Erman , Emanet Omer , Gencer Emin Gokhan , Sarica Ozgur , Orhan Tolga
Published: July 2024

Gastric intramural haematoma is a very infrequent condition. It can occur due to clotted gastric haemorrhage as a result of peptic ulcer disease, or following trauma, oral anticoagulant therapy and bleeding disorders. It is usually suspected with the symptoms of gastrointestinal haemorrhage such as haematemesis, melena and haematochezia, and detected by endoscopy. In rare cases, the patient is asymptomatic or presents with non-related symptoms and can diagnosed by computerised tomography. In this case, we report the detection of a gastric intramural haematoma during abdominal ultrasonography in a hypotensive patient who was admitted to the emergency department after sliding and falling from a height.
Extramedullary paravertebral mass: an unusual presentation of hairy cell leukaemia
Authors: Samanidou Valentini , Panteli Aikaterini , Angelos Liontos , Dimitrios Biros , Lymperatou Diamantina , Milionis Haralampos , Eleni Kapsali
Published: July 2024

Background: Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is an uncommon, indolent, B-cell, lymphoproliferative disorder typically involving peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow. It is commonly presenting with pancytopenia, monocytopenia and massive splenomegaly, while accounting for 2% of lymphoid leukaemias. Cases of extranodal lesions caused by HCL are rare, although these have been reported. Here, we report a case of HCL presenting as a paravertebral mass without systemic involvement. Case description: A 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to progressive difficulty walking for a month, without any other symptoms. Blood examination noted mild anaemia with Hb=12.6 g/dl and mild thrombocytopenia of 140,000/ul. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated a T6 posterior paravertebral mass lesion, extending into the spinal canal with metastatic bone lesions along the thoracic and lumbar spine. Further imaging study with CT indicated mild splenomegaly (13.4 cm) and an enlarged abdominal lymph node (3.5 cm) near celiac trifurcation. Conclusion: A core-needle biopsy from the paravertebral mass was performed. Results showed small-sized cells with round or oval nuclei, and pale cytoplasm with immunophenotype: B-cell origination with CD20+, Cyclin D1+, DBA.44+, Annexin+ and BRAF+, indicative of HCL.
Job satisfaction of paediatric nurses working in tertiary care hospitals in Greece — Determining factors
Authors: Kontogianni Evanthia , Georgousopoulou Vasiliki , Vlahioti Efrosyni , Perdikaris Pantelis , Mantziou Theodora , Konstantaki Evanthia , Boutopoulou Barbara , Kasimis Ioannis , Koumpagioti Despoina , Matziou Vasiliki
Published: July 2024

Background:

Professional satisfaction affects the quality and the effectiveness of health services provided to patients.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the job satisfaction of paediatric nurses.

Participants and setting:

Nurses working at two Pediatric Hospitals in Athens (n=176) were included in the study. The data collection took place during the January-May 2022 period. The completion of the questionnaires was anonymous, all participant data were kept confidential.

Methods:

Data collection was carried out using the ‘Measure of Job Satisfaction-MJS’ (Cronbach's α=0.95). Statistical processing was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23 (SPSS, Inc. Chigago IL, USA). Univariate analysis of variance (univariate ANOVA) was used to evaluate the means of the job satisfaction questionnaire values. The significance level was set at α <0.05. Finally, Pearson's correlation index test was performed to find correlations between the subcategories of the questionnaire

Results:

The majority of the sample was female (n=161) and most nurses underwent a 3-year nursing education programme (n=147). The results of the study showed that 45.4% of the participants were generally satisfied with their work whereas 55.9% were dissatisfied with their salary. The factors that appeared to affect the professional satisfaction of nurses were age (p=.049), unit (p=.041), work experience (p=.002) and marital status (p=.034). Nurses, despite their high compassion satisfaction, experienced modest levels of compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress. Pearson's correlation index revealed a positive correlation (r=0.462) between the ‘burnout’ and ‘secondary traumatic stress’ variables.

Conclusions:

Professional satisfaction of nurses is characterised as moderate. The most important factors influencing professional satisfaction were age, unit, work experience and marital status. Improving nurses' job satisfaction will contribute to effective and safe nursing care provided to paediatric patients.

Practical implications:

Leaders aiming at optimising nurses' job satisfaction should consider decreasing workload, improving education in the workplace, applying rotation in stressful units, increasing income, increasing the percentage perspectives by improving work circumstances.
Navigating the new NMC Standards for SCPHN School Nursing education
Authors: Hayward Melanie
Published: July 2024

The 2022 NMC Standards for specialist community public health nurses (SCPHN) are leading to substantial changes to SCPHN education programmes from September this year. In the first of a new regular column on education by the National Forum of School Health Educators, Melanie Hayward explains the changes and the challenges, but also why overall these constitute a positve step forward.
Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Muhalefetleri ile İş Performansı Algıları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Eşsiz İrfan , Tösten Rasim
Published: July 2024

Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin örgütsel muhalefetleri ile iş performansları arasındaki ilişkinin kendi algılarına göre incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın evrenini Diyarbakır ilindeki resmi ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan 21.468 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma Diyarbakır ilinin Sur, Bağlar, Yenişehir ve Kayapınar merkez ilçelerinde çalışan 11.195 öğretmen arasından küme örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 362 öğretmenin katılımı ile gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Örgütsel Muhalefet Ölçeği ve İşgören Performansı Ölçeği kullanılmış; betimsel analiz, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Pearson korelasyon analizi sonucunda öğretmenlerin genel örgütsel muhalefetleri ve dikey muhalefetleri ile iş performansları arasında orta düzeyde ve pozitif yönlü, yatay muhalefetleri ile iş performansları arasında düşük düzeyde ve pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Regresyon analizinde örgütsel muhalefet ve alt boyutları bağımsız değişken olarak, iş performansı ise bağımlı değişken olarak ele alınmış; öğretmenlerin dikey muhalefetlerinin iş performanslarının anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle öğretmenlerin sorunlarını yöneticileri ile paylaşmaları ve dikkate alınmaları iş performanslarını olumlu yönde etkilerken, sorunlarını sadece iş arkadaşlarıyla paylaşmaları ise iş performanslarında anlamlı bir artış göstermemektedir. Alandaki uygulayıcılara, öğretmen performansının arttırılması için açık iletişimin tercih edildiği demokratik ve insan odaklı yaklaşımlar önerilebilir.
Testing the Multiple Streams Framework in US state legislatures
Authors: DeLeo Rob A. , Chow Clifton
Published: July 2024

Despite a robust literature applying the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to national government institutions, there remains a dearth of research examining the theory’s explanatory power in US state legislative contexts. This omission is problematic given the critical role state legislatures play in driving policy change in a host of policy domains, including healthcare, emergency preparedness and voting rights policy, to name a few. To fill this gap in the research, this study applies the MSF to the case of climate adaptation policy making in the Massachusetts State Legislature. Using a mixed methods design, it assesses the effect of all three of the MSF’s streams (the problem, politics and policy streams), as well as the concept of policy entrepreneurship on the climate adaptation policy agenda of the Massachusetts State Legislature between the years 2001 and 2020. The findings suggest that agenda activity was largely driven by changes within the political stream, namely the election of a Republican governor. In addition to advancing the MSF by providing one of the most comprehensive quantitative analyses of the framework to date, this article draws on new data from the State House News Service and other sources of state legislative floor debates to present a new methodological approach for measuring agenda change. In this way, the article makes a clear theoretical contribution to the MSF literature as well as providing new analysis of state-level climate adaptation policy adoption.
Us In The U.S .: Experiences of International Graduate Students At A US-Based Institution
Authors: Jha Raghav H. , Meixner Cara , Cantuarias Daniela Rondon
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Our study explored the lived experiences of international graduate students (IGS) at a predominantly white institution (PWI) in the U.S. Using semi-structured focus group interviews rooted in desire-based narrative inquiry, we engaged about 20% of our university’s IGS from diverse backgrounds, spanning master’s and doctoral levels, representing 12 countries and 5 continents, and encompassing various nationalities, ethnicities, and religious affiliations. Through four interviews, we uncovered recurring, overlapping themes related to participants’ triumphs and challenges. A shared narrative emerged across participants and groups, highlighting how duration of stay, cultural perceptions, English proficiency, and academic environment intertwine to shape their journey. We translated these insights into culturally humble recommendations for university administrators and policymakers, aimed at refining the IGS experience through shared governance and fostering a holistic environment of growth and inclusion. A unique characteristic of this research is that this study has been conducted by IGS for fellow IGS.
Securing the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Case of Taiwan and Hunting
Authors: Cheng Chuanju
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: Since the adoption of the Universal Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by the United Nations in 2007, the implementation of these indigenous rights has presented a persistent challenge for indigenous communities. Throughout the past three decades, Taiwan’s indigenous peoples have undertaken diverse endeavors aimed at realizing their self-determination and cultural rights. Through an examination of a Constitutional Court case issued in 2021 (Constitutional Court Interpretation No. 803), this article reveals several factors which contribute to bridging the implementation gap of human rights.
“Facts” and “Ideas”: Richard Jones, William Whewell, and the Entangled Histories of Science and Political Economy in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Chakrabarti Upal
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This essay explores hitherto unnoticed conceptual transactions between reflections on scientific method and a rethinking of political-economic categories in early-nineteenth century Britain through the writings of William Whewell and Richard Jones. Closely examining personal correspondences between Whewell and Jones, their works, contemporary debates on political economy and the problem of scientific method, Jones’s pedagogic practices, Karl Marx’s engagements with Jones, and his receptions as a teacher of political economy in colonial governance and imperial education, I argue that Jones drew upon Whewell’s philosophical considerations on the relation between “fact” and “idea,” to reconstitute the epistemological orientation of political economy.
Pope Innocent VIII’s Mamluk Carpets from Cairo in Context: Their Manufacture and Acquisition
Authors: Mack Rosamond E.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Two long-published but unnoticed documents in the Vatican Archives provide surprising and exceptionally detailed information on Mamluk carpets owned by Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492). His purchase of seven in 1489 definitively establishes that large carpets were made in Cairo and sold internationally during the reign of Sultan Qaitbay (r. 1468–1496), and that they were vastly more costly than contemporary Turkish carpets. An inventory taken in 1518 indicates that at least five, and probably all seven were among Innocent’s carpets still in the Vatican Palace. The vivid description of the five as huge damaschina floor carpets, with centralized geometric designs woven in finished mirror-image halves in the warp direction, prove that the Bardini-Textile Museum blazon carpet (fig. 1) was not an outlier, but one of an ambitious group evidently intended for profitable commercial production. The total widths probably exceeded looms then available in Cairo. Innocent’s four other damaschina were a near pair of floor carpets, and a pair shaped like bench-covers which suggest that by 1492 the Cairene production was accommodating varied tastes and budgets. Records of contemporary Italian collections indicate that other, probably Turkish, large floor carpets were also made in two pieces, that pairs were fairly common, and that it can be impossible to distinguish between them.
Gems in Cloth and Stone: Medium, Materiality, and the Late Antique Jeweled Aesthetic
Authors: Dospěl Williams Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Abstract: In The Jeweled Style: Poetry and Poetics in Late Antiquity , Michael Roberts argues that color, opulence, repetition, and variety epitomized the period’s aesthetics, a phenomenon he terms the “jeweled style.” Although Roberts did not consider textiles in his analyses, this article argues that fabrics participated in the same trends, perhaps even serving as intermediaries in the transfer of motifs between actual gemstones and architectural decoration. The first part of the article shows how Roberts’s definition of the jeweled style fits in larger art historical discussions about late antique aesthetics and visuality. The bulk of the article presents examples of tapestry-woven textiles from the fourth through eighth centuries that depict gems and jewelry in woven form. Many tunics, for example, depict gemstones along their collars; furnishing textiles, too, frequently include representations of gems and jewelry, most notably at the edges of fabrics or as part of woven renderings of architectural structures like columns and arcades. On the most basic level, these woven gemstones reflect the broad popularity of the jeweled aesthetic among a wide social spectrum and in a variety of contexts, especially in fabric furnishings. More particularly, the popularity of jeweled motifs in textiles points to a sophisticated appreciation for artistic bravura, as weavers pushed against the limits of the textile medium to transform yarns into precious stones. Lastly, the article argues that a focus on textiles with jeweled designs points to the interrelatedness of ornamental motifs in late antique jewelry, textiles, and architectural décor, an observation which in turn highlights compelling aesthetic connections between the adorned human body and the built environment.
Weaving a No-Waste Garment on the Loom: Understanding Gaussian Curvature
Authors: Knoll Eva
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Cloth woven on a handloom is inherently flat and rectangular, unlike the surface of the human body, which is composed of a combination of surfaces that are variously curved. This poses the problem of transforming a length of cloth into a garment. Many examples of traditional dress embody solutions to this problem, as demonstrated in Burnham and again in Mayer. A further issue that some designs raise, and solve, is that of economy of material; that is, the minimization of the waste generated by the cutting and discarding of fabric before reassembly, most often through sewing. This article shows how a basic, conceptual understanding of Gaussian curvature and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem can serve to guide the development of methods for woven-to-shape garments for the upper part of a human body. A qualitative model of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem is explicated and applied to the basic shape of a shirt. These ideas then are connected to on-loom weaving techniques applicable to the creation of the necessary curvatures in relevant locations. Finally, these elements are combined to plan the construction of an exemplar garment on an eight-shaft loom. The article also narrates the genealogy of the design of the author’s creation, with a discussion of the original conception of the techniques and their combination into a single garment.
King Midas’s Textiles: Dyeing and Weaving Technology in Ancient Phrygia
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth , Ballard Mary W. , Newsome G. Asher , Burke Brendan
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Many civilizations have left behind evidence of wonderful textiles exhibiting advanced weaving techniques and a variety of colors. It has been the task of textile historians, weavers, technologists, and chemists to investigate the extant finds. For ancient Phrygian textiles of the ninth–eighth centuries bce, this approach has been upended. The colorants in the largest royal burial at Gordion, Tumulus MM (for “Midas Mound”), were biologically disassociated from the textiles they once colored, which had degraded inside the tomb. Some years earlier, a fire had engulfed the City Mound at Gordion, carbonizing the textile remains, which survive only in shades of gray. Little was preserved of the beautiful textiles for which the Phrygians had been famous. New instrumental analyses have revealed a fuller picture of the Gordion textiles, answering many questions about their original colors and fabrics. While Tumulus MM produced inorganic yellow ochre (goethite) as the source for the “dye” used for the golden-hued cloth from the tomb, the remaining dye palette was largely organic: orange, reds, and purple achieved with madder and mordant/auxiliaries, and indigo with goethite for green. A structure on the City Mound yielded charred textile fragments featuring geometric patterns, recalling the inlaid designs on the fine wooden furniture from Tumulus MM. An adjacent group of workshops contained loom weights, spindle whorls, knives, and needles, indicating large-scale textile production at the site. Taken together, this new evidence provides unparalleled insight into the all-but-lost Phrygian textile industry and the sophisticated design sense and complex technical skills of the makers.
Algorithm for detecting airborne objects with a thermal infrared camera to ensure a safe operation of laser-optical ground stations
Authors: Steurer Jakob , Bartels Nils , Hampf Daniel , Niebler Felicitas , Meyer Tristan , Riede Wolfgang , Dekorsy Thomas
Published: July 2024

Laser-optical ground stations play an important role for satellite
laser communication and satellite laser ranging (SLR). The safe
operation of lasers in public airspace, which usually requires
approval by legal entities, requires reliable, redundant, and
independent systems for airborne object detection to avoid a
potentially hazardous laser exposition. In this work, we propose an
algorithm based on classical image filtering and thresholding to
detect aircraft in images taken with a thermal infrared camera. The
algorithm is optimized and evaluated with an image dataset acquired by
the infrared camera mounted to SLR station miniSLR located in
Stuttgart, Germany. Despite its simplicity and efficiency (7 ms
for an image with 640×512 pixels on a standard consumer PCU),
we find that the proposed algorithm has a high accuracy, yielding a
99.8% correct classification of images. Although laser safety systems
require several independent aircraft detection methods, the proposed
algorithm might be a valuable contribution for companies and
institutes with the need to operate lasers in public airspace.
Simulation of a SiN 2 × 2 adiabatic 3-dB coupler for 800-nm to 1000-nm wavelength range
Authors: Blanco Miguel Ángel Nava , Ávila Gerardo Antonio Castañón
Published: July 2024

We conducted numerical simulations on a 2×2 adiabatic 3-dB coupler tailored for the 800-nm to 1000-nm range, operating on a silicon-nitride (SiN) platform. Through the finite difference time domain method, we achieved a power splitting ratio close to 3 dB with a tight tolerance of ±0.27dB and an insertion loss below 0.19 dB across the wavelength range of 800 nm to 1000 nm. Additionally, we simulated a 2×2 switch utilizing two 2×2 adiabatic 3-dB couplers, revealing a theoretical extinction loss of approximately −14dB, particularly prominent around 900 nm.
Object classification through heterogeneous fog with a fast data-driven algorithm using a low-cost single-photon avalanche diode array
Authors: Zang Zhenya , Uei Li David Day
Published: July 2024

This study presents a framework for classifying a wooden mannequin’s poses using a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array in dynamic and heterogeneous fog conditions. The target and fog generator are situated within an enclosed fog chamber. Training datasets are continuously collected by configuring the temporal and spatial resolutions on the sensor's firmware, utilizing a low-cost SPAD array sensor priced below $5, consisting of an embedded SPAD array and diffused VCSEL laser. An extreme learning machine (ELM) is trained for rapid pose classification, as a benchmark against CNN. We quantitatively justify the selection of nodes in the hidden layer to balance the computing speed and accuracy. Results demonstrate that ELM can accurately classify mannequin poses when obscured by dynamic heavy fog to 35 cm away from the sensor, enabling real-time applications in consumer electronics. The proposed ELM achieves 90.65% and 89.58% accuracy in training and testing, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate the robustness of both ELM and CNN as the fog density increases. Our study also discusses the sensor’s current optical limitations and lays the groundwork for future advancements in sensor technology.
Fiber Bragg grating-based touch-slip sensor for surface roughness detection
Authors: Wang Yachun , Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Hongcheng
Published: July 2024

To enable humanoid prosthetic hands to accurately identify and grasp objects, a touch-slip sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was proposed in this paper. The sensor was designed with a double-layer sensing structure to detect three-dimensional force, sliding information, surface roughness, and compensate for ambient temperature using a reference grating. To analyze the relationship between the sensor surface structure parameters and FBG's vibration signal, the contact sliding model was introduced. By using a finite element simulation, the contact sliding model was validated, and the surface structure parameters of the sensor were determined. A series of experiments were conducted on the sensor’s three-dimensional force detection, temperature calibration, sliding measurement, and surface roughness detection. Using machine learning methods, a regression prediction model was created. The sensor could detect the surface roughness on the sample plate surface more accurately with a maximum error of 8.58×10−4. This sensor has the following advantages: a simple structure, low cost, high linearity, and quick response time. It provides a new design solution for the detection of touch-slips on humanoid prosthetic hands.
Water-to-air unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based rolling shutter optical camera communication (OCC) system with gated recurrent unit neural network (GRU-NN)
Authors: Tsai Ming-Chieh , Chang Yun-Han , Chow Chi-Wai
Published: July 2024

Underwater sensors and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are widely adopted in oceanic research activities. As the number of underwater sensors and AUVs is growing quickly, the bandwidth requirements are increasing accordingly. In this work, we put forward and demonstrate a large field-of-view (FOV) water-to-air unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based optical camera communication (OCC) system with gated recurrent unit neural network (GRU-NN) for the first time to the best of our knowledge. As the UAVs are embedded with complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) cameras, there is no need to install OCC receivers (Rxs), reducing the deployment cost. Moreover, the large photo-sensitive area of the CMOS camera can support a large FOV OCC transmission without the need for precise optical alignment. Here, by utilizing the column matrix identification during the rolling shutter pattern decoding in the CMOS image sensor, the scintillation caused by water turbulence can be reduced. Besides, in the outdoor and windy environment, the UAV will experience significant movement caused by the wind making it very difficult to capture stable OCC frames in the CMOS image sensor. Here, we propose and demonstrate utilizing GRU-NN, which is a special realization of the recurrent neural network (RNN) with memory cells capable of learning the time-domain dependent signals. It is shown that the GRU-NN can learn effectively from successive image frames in time-domain and produce correct prediction even under the windy and unstable UAV flying environment. Experimental results reveal that the proposed GRU-NN can outperform the previous pixel-per-symbol labeling neural network (PPS-NN), and also can significantly reduce the computation time when compared with long-short-term-memory-neural-network (LSTM-NN). The proposed system can decode 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM4) rolling shutter OCC patterns at data rates of 5.4 kbit/s and 3.0 kbit/s under clear and cloudy water, respectively, fulfilling the pre-forward error correction bit-error rate (pre-FEC BER = 3.8 × 10−3). We also demonstrate that the UAV based OCC system can support data rates of 5.4 kbit/s, 4.2 kbit/s, and 3.0 kbit/s at distances of 2.2 m, 3.2 m, and 4.2 m, respectively, at outdoor and windy environments.
Inverse-designed multi-diameter InAs nanowire array ultra-broadband photodetectors enhanced by localized surface plasmon resonances
Authors: Yan Xin , Zhang Yuwei , Li Yao , Chu Mengfan , Yuan Xueguang , Zhang Yang’an , Zhang Jinnan , Zhang Xia
Published: July 2024

Multi-diameter InAs nanowire array ultra-broadband photodetectors are inversely designed and further enhanced by localized surface plasmon resonances. The nanowire diameters are carefully selected by the particle swarm optimization algorithm within the range of 100-800 nm. The multi-diameter nanowire array exhibits high absorption over 80% within a broadband wavelength range of 0.5-3.42 µm, much wider and flatter than that of the single-diameter counterpart, which is attibuted to the superposition of multiple absorption peaks as well as the extension of absorption to longer wavelengths. By introducing indium tin oxide nanoparticles onto the nanowire surface, the lowest absorption is further raised to 87% within a broad wavelength range of 0.55-3.5 µm due to the localized surface plasmon resonances, and the dark current density is substantially reduced from 214 mA/cm2 to 83 mA/cm2 due to the large depletion region. This work may pave the way for the development of ultra-broadband high-responsivity infrared photodetectors.
Absolute testing of rotationally symmetric surfaces with computer-generated holograms
Authors: Xu Hao , Lu Wenwen , Luo Gangjie , Wang Yu , Liu Yong , Chen Shanyong , Liu Junfeng
Published: July 2024

Extremely high accuracy is demanded for optics working at very short wavelength. Interferometric testing of optical aspheres or freeform surfaces requires null optics, typically computer-generated holograms (CGHs), to balance the wave aberrations. The measurement uncertainty is primarily limited by the accuracy of the test wavefront, which is predominantly influenced by the CGH and the interferometer optics. Absolute testing is fundamental to achieving accuracy much higher than that of the test wavefront through error separation. This paper presents a method for absolute testing of rotationally symmetric surfaces with CGH null optics. The basic assumption is that the off-axis hologram fabricated by raster scanning beam writing has negligible error of rotationally symmetric component due to pattern error of the CGH. Consequently, the wavefront error contributed by the CGH and the transmission flat can be completely separated from the absolute surface shape by combining the N-position method and the shift-rotation method. A theoretical model for absolute testing is proposed under the assumption. Experimental cross test is then presented to validate the method with sub-nanometer uncertainty. The assumption is further confirmed by characterizing the fabrication error of the hologram structures using a white light interferometer. Finally, the effect of noise, translation error, rotation error and eccentricity of rotation on the absolute testing is analyzed.
High-power idler-resonant intracavity KTA OPO driven by a dual-loss-modulated Q-switched mode-locked laser with AOM and Sb2Te3 nanosheets
Authors: Han Chao , Chu Hongwei , Feng Tianli , Zhao Shengzhi , Li Dechun , Feng Chuansheng , Zhao Jia , Huang Weiping
Published: July 2024

By using Sb2Te3 nanosheets as saturable absorbers (SA) and an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), a laser-diode (LD) end-pumped idler-resonant KTiOAsO4 (KTA)-based intracavity optical parametric oscillator (IOPO) pumped by a dual-loss-modulated Q-switched mode-locked (QML) laser has been realized. The experimental results show that the pulse widths of the Q-switched envelope and the mode-locking pulse numbers underneath the Q-switched envelope decrease as the pump power increases. When the pump power reaches a certain value, only one mode-locking pulse underneath a Q-switched envelope exists, resulting in the generation of the subnanosecond mode-locking pulses of OPO with the repetition rate of AOM. The minimum mode-locking pulse durations of the signal and idler waves were measured to be 545 and 936 ps at an AOM frequency of 1 kHz and a diode pump power of 22.45 W, corresponding to the maximum peak powers of 648 and 185 kW, respectively. Furthermore, a set of coupled rate equations for the dual-loss-modulated QML laser-pumped intracavity idler-resonant OPO was formulated according to the Gauss distribution of intracavity photon density. The numerical simulations of these equations agree with the experimental results. These results collectively suggest the potential application of Sb2Te3 as a promising nanomaterial in the realm of optoelectronics.
112-GBaud mode-division-multiplexing IM-DD transmission beyond net 6.4 Tb/s over weakly coupled FMF for optical interconnections
Authors: Yang Yu , Qiao Gang , Ji Honglin , Xu Zhaopeng , Ji Tonghui , Wu Qi , Wang Shangcheng , Liu Lulu , Long Chengbin , Zuo Mingqing , Zhang Jiarui , Shen Lei , Luo Jie , Hu Weisheng , Li Juhao
Published: July 2024

Weakly coupled mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) systems based on intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) are a good candidate for further improving the capacity of short-reach optical interconnections. However, restrained by the modal crosstalk of the transmission link and the reception of degenerate mode groups (DMGs) utilizing bandwidth-limited multimode photodetectors (PDs), high-speed MDM IM-DD has encountered a capacity bottleneck. In this Letter, we investigate a high-speed weakly coupled MDM IM-DD transmission system utilizing a degenerate mode diversity receiver scheme adopting high-bandwidth single-mode PDs over a multiple-ring-core (MRC) few-mode fiber (FMF) and a low-crosstalk mode multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DMUX). An MDM IM-DD transmission with four DMGs and eight wavelengths is experimentally demonstrated with 112-GBaud four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM4) and probabilistically shaped PAM8 per lane over 200-m weakly coupled MRC-FMF. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of the MDM IM-DD transmission system with up to 112-GBaud baud rate and beyond 6.4-Tb/s net rate. Meanwhile, the experimental results show that the proposed MDM IM-DD transmission link has a superior performance only adopting a low-complexity feedforward equalizer, making it a promising candidate for high-speed optical interconnections.
Investigation of Q degradation in low-loss Si3N4 from heterogeneous laser integration
Authors: Guo Joel , Xiang Chao , Jin Warren , Peters Jonathan , Li Mingxiao , Morin Theodore , Xia Yu , Bowers John E.
Published: July 2024

High-performance, high-volume-manufacturing Si3N4 photonics requires extremely low waveguide losses augmented with heterogeneously integrated lasers for applications beyond traditional markets of high-capacity interconnects. State-of-the-art quality factors (Q) over 200 million at 1550 nm have been shown previously; however, maintaining high Qs throughout laser fabrication has not been shown. Here, Si3N4 resonator intrinsic Qs over 100 million are demonstrated on a fully integrated heterogeneous laser platform. Q
i
is measured throughout laser processing steps, showing degradation down to 50 million from dry etching, metal evaporation, and ion implant steps, and controllable recovery to over 100 million from annealing at 250 ∘C–350 ∘C.
Zeeman torque sampling of intense terahertz magnetic field in CoFe
Authors: Geng Chunyan , Su Yichen , Kong Deyin , Yang Zehao , Li Jianghao , Cai Jiahua , Dai Fei , Song Cheng , Wu Xiaojun
Published: July 2024

Free-space strong-field terahertz (THz) electromagnetic pulses have emerged as a potent tool for non-equilibrium quantum state control. However, these applications predominantly rely on electric field components, with limited utilization of magnetic field components. A traditional electro-optical sampling technique may encounter constraints due to the field strength saturation effect when detecting strong-field THz pulses. Here we have identified intense THz-induced Zeeman torque signals in CoFe and successfully detected the THz magnetic field components. Through variations in the type of ferromagnetic materials and the thickness of ferromagnetic films, we further refined the detection of THz magnetic field components. Our research revealed that a 15-nm CoFe thin film is more responsive in measuring magnetic field components.
Poly(Ethylene Glycols) to Facilitate Celloidin Removal for Immunohistochemical Studies on Archival Human Brain and Temporal Bone Sections
Authors: Bächinger David , O’Malley Jennifer T. , Wolf Morris , Bérnhard Stephane , Liberman M. Charles , Tibbitt Mark W. , Eckhard Andreas H.
Published: July 2024

Pathology repositories worldwide store millions of celloidin-processed human brain and temporal bone (TB) sections vital for studying central nervous system diseases and sensory organs. However, accessing these sections for modern molecular-pathological research, like immunohistochemistry, is hindered by the challenge of removing celloidin without damaging tissue. In this study, we explored the use of polyethylene glycols (PEGs), a class of non-hazardous, ethylene glycol oligomers, combined with an improved section mounting technique, to gently and effectively dissolve celloidin from sections archived for up to 40 years. Optimizing our protocol involved exploring celloidin dissolution kinetics in PEGs of varying molecular weights and terminations, as well as different temperatures. Low molecular weight PEGs, particularly PEG 200, were the most efficient celloidin solvent. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of celloidin-PEG 200 dissolution products revealed no chemical alterations, suggesting pure solvation without chemical modification. Because the solvation of celloidin in PEG was inhibited by proteins, we further developed a protein-free mounting protocol allowing complete celloidin removal in 30 to 60 minutes by immersing in PEG 200. In summary, our approach overcomes major methodological hurdles, rendering decades-old archival celloidin sections viable for immunohistochemical and other molecular biological techniques, while enhancing safety and workflow efficiency.
Incidence of cough from acute exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Madagascar: A pilot study
Authors: Zimmer Alexandra J. , Tsang Lai Yu , Jolicoeur Gisèle , Tannir Bouchra , Batisse Emmanuelle , Pando Christine , Sadananda Gouri , McKinney Jesse , Ambinintsoa Ideal Vincent , Rabetombosoa Roger Mario , Knoblauch Astrid M. , Rakotosamimanana Niaina , Chartier Ryan , Diachenko Alina , Small Peter , Grandjean Lapierre Simon
Published: July 2024

Prolonged exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a known risk to respiratory health, causing chronic lung impairment. Yet, the immediate, acute effects of PM2.5 exposure on respiratory symptoms, such as cough, are less understood. This pilot study aims to investigate this relationship using objective PM2.5 and cough monitors. Fifteen participants from rural Madagascar were followed for three days, equipped with an RTI Enhanced Children’s MicroPEM PM2.5 sensor and a smartphone with the ResApp Cough Counting Software application. Univariable Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were applied to measure the association between hourly PM2.5 exposure and cough counts. Peaks in both PM2.5 concentration and cough frequency were observed during the day. A 10-fold increase in hourly PM2.5 concentration corresponded to a 39% increase in same-hour cough frequency (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.74). The strength of this association decreased with a one-hour lag between PM2.5 exposure and cough frequency (IRR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.44) and was not significant with a two-hour lag (IRR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.23). This study demonstrates the feasibility of objective PM2.5 and cough monitoring in remote settings. An association between hourly PM2.5 exposure and cough frequency was detected, suggesting that PM2.5 exposure may have immediate effects on respiratory health. Further investigation is necessary in larger studies to substantiate these findings and understand the broader implications.
Meta-analysis of the accuracy for RASSF1A methylation in bronchial aspirates for the diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Chen Xu-ping , He Shi-xu , Chen Meng-you , Chen Fu-bin , Wu Peng , Shi Ping , Zhao Shi-cai , Zhao Ling-yan , Xiong Xiao-min , Zeng Jia
Published: July 2024

Objective

To establish the diagnostic accuracy of RASSF1A (Ras association domain family 1 isoform) methylation using bronchial aspirates as an auxiliary method for diagnosing lung cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Studies published prior to October 30, 2022, were retrieved from the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Wan Fang databases using the keywords “lung cancer”, “RASSF1A”, “methylation”, and “bronchial aspirates”. A fixed or random effect model was used to calculate the combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (LR), negative LR, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), along with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the area under the curve (AUC) with Q index. The threshold effect was defined by using the Spearman correlation coefficient, and the Deeks funnel plot was generated to evaluate publication bias.

Results

Among the 12 trials that met the inclusion criteria, a total of 2388 participants were involved. The pooled results for the diagnosis of lung cancer were as follows, when compared to the pathological diagnosis: sensitivity of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.45–0.50), specificity of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95–0.97), positive LR of 12.18 (95% CI: 8.96–16.55), negative LR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.52–0.61), DOR of 24.05 (95% CI: 17.29–33.47), and AUC of 0.78 (Q index = 0.72), respectively. The sensitivity of the RASSF1A methylation assay was relatively low in a detailed subgroup analysis, fluctuating between 0.39 and 0.90, indicating a limitation in its diagnostic value for lung cancer. The RASSF1A methylation assay, on the other hand, demonstrated excellent specificity, suggesting a high exclusion value. Of note, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and AUC for small cell lung cancer were 0.90 (0.84–0.94), 0.95 (0.94–0.97), 249.5 (103.94–598.8), and 0.98, respectively, showing that RASSF1A methylation was a promising biomarker for diagnosing small cell lung cancer with both high diagnostic and exclusion value. Furthermore, RASSF1A methylation using bronchial washings and bronchial aspirates showed a high AUC of 0.998 and 0.93, respectively, indicating excellent diagnostic performance.

Conclusions

The methylation of RASSF1A in bronchial aspirates demonstrated a high level of diagnostic accuracy and has the potential to be a valuable supplementary diagnostic method, especially for identifying small cell lung cancer.
Chassis-based fiber-coupled optical probe design for reproducible quantitative diffuse optical spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Matlis Giselle C. , Zhang Qihuang , Benson Emilie J. , Weeks M. Katie , Andersen Kristen , Jahnavi Jharna , Lafontant Alec , Breimann Jake , Hallowell Thomas , Lin Yuxi , Licht Daniel J. , Yodh Arjun G. , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Forti Rodrigo M. , White Brian R. , Baker Wesley B. , Xiao Rui , Ko Tiffany S.
Published: July 2024

Advanced optical neuromonitoring of cerebral hemodynamics with hybrid diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) methods holds promise for non-invasive characterization of brain health in critically ill patients. However, the methods’ fiber-coupled patient interfaces (probes) are challenging to apply in emergent clinical scenarios that require rapid and reproducible attachment to the head. To address this challenge, we developed a novel chassis-based optical probe design for DOS/DCS measurements and validated its measurement accuracy and reproducibility against conventional, manually held measurements of cerebral hemodynamics in pediatric swine (n = 20). The chassis-based probe design comprises a detachable fiber housing which snaps into a 3D-printed, circumferential chassis piece that is secured to the skin. To validate its reproducibility, eight measurement repetitions of cerebral tissue blood flow index (BFI), oxygen saturation (StO2), and oxy-, deoxy- and total hemoglobin concentration were acquired at the same demarcated measurement location for each pig. The probe was detached after each measurement. Of the eight measurements, four were acquired by placing the probe into a secured chassis, and four were visually aligned and manually held. We compared the absolute value and intra-subject coefficient of variation (CV) of chassis versus manual measurements. No significant differences were observed in either absolute value or CV between chassis and manual measurements (p > 0.05). However, the CV for BFI (mean ± SD: manual, 19.5% ± 9.6; chassis, 19.0% ± 10.8) was significantly higher than StO2 (manual, 5.8% ± 6.7; chassis, 6.6% ± 7.1) regardless of measurement methodology (p<0.001). The chassis-based DOS/DCS probe design facilitated rapid probe attachment/re-attachment and demonstrated comparable accuracy and reproducibility to conventional, manual alignment. In the future, this design may be adapted for clinical applications to allow for non-invasive monitoring of cerebral health during pediatric critical care.