bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACTO DO CONHECIMENTO E DA ADESÃO DAS MULHERES QUANTO À REALIZAÇÃO DO EXAME DE PAPANICOLAU NOS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Almeida Lara Aquino , Silva Patrick Leonardo Nogueira da , Santos Camila Suelen Costa , Alves Carolina dos Reis , Santos Claudio Luís de Souza , Oliveira Neta Ana Izabel de , Oliveira Valdira Vieira de , Freitas Ingred Gimenes Cassimiro de , Ruas Rosana Franciele Botelho , Souto Simone Guimarães Teixeira , Queiroga Tábata de Matos , Galvão Ana Patrícia Fonseca Coelho
Published: February 2025

Este estudo objetivou investigar o impacto do conhecimento e da adesão das mulheres quanto à realização do exame de Papanicolau nos serviços de saúde por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados online da Biblioteca Regional Médica, sendo elas: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e a Base de Dados de Enfermagem. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 23 artigos cujo qual a busca consistia na seleção de artigos científicos publicados durante o período de 2015 a 2025. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores para a captação da amostra: “Neoplasias do colo do útero”, “Teste de Papanicolaou”, “Cooperação do paciente”. Por meio dos resultados, observou-se a importância da realização do exame de citologia oncótica quando indicado e na presença de sintomas pelas mulheres a fim da identificação precoce de lesões precursoras do câncer do colo do útero. O estudo, ainda, demonstrou a falta de conhecimento relacionada à temática, especialmente, a idade e frequência da execução do exame. Ademais, as mulheres possuem algumas barreiras para a adesão ao Papanicolau, tais como, a falta de conhecimento sobre a triagem; barreiras emocionais, como medo/estigma social; barreiras sociais, como apoio da família e amigos; e barreiras culturais, como tabus em relação à discussão de tópicos sexualmente relacionados. Portanto, o déficit de conhecimento da mulher sobre o câncer de colo uterino repercute diretamente na baixa adesão à realização do exame preventivo de modo a influenciar negativamente em sua qualidade de vida devendo-se investigar as condições de acesso das pacientes às informações, bem como intensificar a busca ativa por estas mulheres.
The role of dance movement therapy in the postoperative management of patients with lower limb fractures
Authors: Liublinska Irina O. , Blahova Tetiana О. , Pelypenko Olexander V. , Kononenko Serhii V.
Published: February 2025

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of dance movement therapy as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients who have undergone surgery for lower limb fractures.
Materials and Methods: The study involved 63 patients aged 27 to 59 with lower limb fractures, who were undergoing rehabilitation after surgery (osteosynthesis). A comparative analysis of motor activity in the knee and ankle joints was performed 8-10 weeks after surgery to assess the results of the rehabilitation treatment. Pain levels above 7 were considered a reason for temporary or complete cessation of group therapy sessions.
Results: After thorough study, processing and analysis of the data, two clinical groups of patients were distinguished based on the rehabilitation treatment methods applied. According to the KOOS, AOFAS, and VAS scales, the results in the art therapy group were significantly better. During the therapy course, gender-specific changes in pain sensations were identified. Subjective pain perception decreased by 1.49 points in women and by 1.84 points in men after completing the course of dance movement therapy.
Conclusions: The implementation of dance movement therapy measures in the group of patients after lower limb fractures requires dynamic adjustment, especially regarding the frequency and speed of performing individual tasks.
Formation of readiness of future occupational therapists to use modern rehabilitation technologies in professional activities
Authors: Donchenko Viktoriia , Zhamardiy Valeriy , Shkola Olena , Fomenko Olena , Khlus Nataliia , Kabatska Olena , Heta Alla
Published: February 2025

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine, substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of proposed didactic conditions for the formation of readiness of future occupational therapists to use modern rehabilitation technologies in professional activities.
Materials and Methods: The program of the local pedagogical experiment was implemented through the realization of ascertaining (2022–2023) and formative (2023-2024) stages. Pedagogical experiment involved students in the specialty 227 Therapy and Rehabilitation, field of knowledge 22 Health care of the Poltava State Medical University (Ukraine).
Results: The analysis of the results of the formative experiment, during which students studied according to the implementation program in the system of professional training in a medical institution of higher education under specified didactic conditions, shows positive changes in the levels of readiness of future occupational therapists to use modern rehabilitation technologies in professional activities.
Conclusions: The model proposed by the authors of forming the readiness of future occupational therapists to use modern rehabilitation technologies in professional activities improves the quality of education of occupational therapists and better prepares them for practical activities.
Guillan-Barre syndrome or only a peripheral nervous system disease? Case Report
Authors: Gniadek-Olejniczak Katarzyna , Tomczykiewicz Kazimierz , Joźwik-Plebanek Katarzyna , Stępień Adam , Ungier Ewa , Mroz Jozef
Published: February 2025

Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) is a variation of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). It is characterized by a severe clinical course generating, in up to 20% of patients, permanent neurological deficits. We are presenting a case of a 45-year-old female patient with a severe clinical course, with a diagnosis of AMSAN with record high protein values in the cerebrospinal fluid. A week prior to the hospital admission, the patient was treated for upper respiratory tract infection. Two days prior to hospitalization, she began to experience ascending paraesthesia in the region of lower extremities. A nerve-conduction study showed extension of latency or absence of the F wave. Irregularities in the form of short ictal discharges were also observed in the ECG tracings. From the fourth day of hospitalization, the patient’s neurological condition began to deteriorate progressing towards flaccid quadriplegia with cranial nerves involvement and symptoms of ‘vegetative storm’. Following three-week hospitalization and treatment instituted, the overall and neurological condition of the patient began to stabilize and gradually improve. The patient was transferred to rehabilitation units where she spent a total of 12 months. Home rehabilitation was completed at two years from the development of the disease with full restoration of mobility. The described course of the disease with ECG changes is but another single report confirming that CBS is not only only and solely a disease of the peripheral
nervous system.
Effectiveness of a skill lab on nursing students’ knowledge to perform peripherally inserted central catheter insertion: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Kouroutzis Ioannis , Malliarou Maria
Published: February 2025

Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and confidence of nursing students of a Greek university related to Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) insertion and care.
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study using a one-group pretest–posttest design consistent with Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs guidelines. The study was conducted in a university laboratory in March 2024. Participants were followed before and after the training lab. The lab involved 80 nursing students. For the comparison of evaluation score before and after the intervention Mann-Whitney, McNemar and Wilcoxon singed rank tests were used. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted, based on scores’ logarithmic transformation. Spearman correlations coefficients (rho) were used to explore the association between knowledge and evaluation scores.
Results: The knowledge score increased significantly after the lab in total sample and regardless of students’ gender and age. The satisfaction was higher regarding the new and important knowledge that students gained and the usefulness of this knowledge in their professional activity.
Conclusions: The findings underscore the value of incorporating specialized, hands-on training into nursing curricula to enhance students’ competencies in advanced clinical procedures.
Dynamics of future law enforcement officers’ psychophysical state indicators in the course of their diverse training sessions on motor activity
Authors: Okhrimenko Ivan M. , Shtykh Victoria A. , Kostenko Tetiana M. , Lukasevich Ivan I. , Grebeniunk Tetiana М.
Published: February 2025

Aim: The aim is to study the impact of training sessions in various service-applied sports on the dynamics of cadets’ psychophysical state indicators in the course of their instruction at a higher educational institution with specific learning environment.
Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in 2019-2023. The research involved 155 male cadets aged 17-23 who were divided into those who were additionally engaged in various service-applied sports during their instruction (n = 115) and those who, in addition to compulsory physical training, did not additionally engage in sports (group d, n = 40). Cadets’ physical state was assessed by the indicators of their body weight, body length, age, heart rate, blood pressure and physical state index. The mental state was studied by the indicators of cadets’ emotional resilience.
Results: It has been found that most indicators of physical state and emotional resilience of cadets who were engaged in sports significantly improved in the course of their instruction. The most pronounced effect on the indicators of physical state was found in the group of cadets who were engaged in all-around sports, and on the indicators of emotional resilience – in the group of cadets who were engaged in martial arts.
Conclusions: The research showed that additional training in service-applied sports has a more effective impact on the psychophysical state of future law enforcement officers compared to traditional physical training sessions. Improving the psychophysical state of cadets in the training process will help to improve their future law enforcement activities.
Problematic issues in developing public health policy based on data usage
Authors: Gruzieva Tetiana S.
Published: February 2025

Aim: To identify the opportunities, approaches, challenges, and needs of professionals at disease control and prevention centers in the process of using data for developing public health policy.
Materials and Methods: The program provides for sociological surveys of professionals from disease control and prevention centers regarding the opportunities, needs, and challenges in using data to develop public health policy. The research materials included scientific publications, national-level regulatory legal acts, WHO program documents and sociological research questionnaires. The study utilized bibliosemantic, sociological, medical-statistical methods, and content analysis.
Results: A range of issues was identified regarding the use of data for substantiating and developing public health policy. A survey of professionals from disease control and prevention centers indicated that they encounter a lack of data on social and mental health ([rate ± standard error] 19,7±3,5 per 100 respondents); work with at-risk populations (15,0±3,2); socioeconomic determinants (14,2±3,1); occupational diseases and labor protection (13,4±3,0); and non-communicable diseases and behavioral risk factors (11,0±2,8). Every sixth to tenth respondent reported challenges in obtaining and analyzing data. A high need (74,8±3,8 per 100 respondents) was identified for professional development in data usage for policy substantiation, along with preferred formats. Priority measures for improving data use in public health policy development were identified.
Conclusions: The identified issues in data usage for public health policy development, as well as the needs of professionals at disease control and prevention centers concerning data collection and analysis, and the priority measures for improvement, should be considered.
Provision of medical services for ukrainians in the system of temporary protection in Poland and Germany
Authors: Pashkov Vitalii M. , Liubchenko Marianna I. , Liubchenko Oleksii O.
Published: February 2025

Aim: The aim of the work is to study the access of Ukrainians using temporary protection to medical care in different healthcare systems using the example of Poland and Germany.
Materials and Methods: Scientific databases Scopus and ResearchBib were used. International law and national legislation of Poland and Germany were analyzed. Surveys were conducted among 1,180 respondents to identify the problem of long waiting times for receiving medical care in the specified countries.
Conclusions: Access to medical care for persons from Ukraine using temporary protection is significantly simplified. Polish and German national legislation is loyal to the beneficiaries of temporary protection. Despite the serious distinctions between different healthcare systems in Europe, this does not create significant obstacles for access to medicine. However, unfortunately, there are cases of bureaucracy and bureaucratic barriers in providing such access. In our opinion, such a phenomenon should be reduced to a minimum, while Ukrainians should be provided with the opportunity to receive timely medical assistance in the host country, without creating situations when a person must return to Ukraine solely to receive more prompt medical assistance.
Embryological Significance of Glial cells in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Ogłodek Ewa Alicja , Grzesińska Anna , Paraniak-Gieszczyk Barbara , Woźny-Rasała Izabela
Published: February 2025

Glial cells are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, categorized into two groups: macroglial and microglia. Traditionally viewed as passive entities involved in nutrition, support, and insulation, recent insights reveal their crucial role in brain function and plasticity. They serve as key regulators of synaptic activity, influencing information transmission between neurons and impacting processes like learning. Glial cells are vital for maintaining neuronal network integrity and functionality; disruptions in their function can lead to neuronal dysfunction and death. Our review aims to underscore the embryological importance of glial cells in nervous system function. Systematic searches of major electronic medical databases were conducted, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to February 15, 2024. Our findings indicate that abnormalities in glial cell function contribute to various human conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorders, fibromyalgia, and schizophrenia.
Unfair criminalization as a threat to epidemic safety
Authors: Gutorova Nataliya , Soloviov Oleksii , Gnedik Yevhen
Published: February 2025

Aim: This article aims to raise awareness and stimulate serious discussion of the negative impact of criminal law regulation on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2024 and based on the empirical and analytical data of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the World Health Organization, the legal positions of the ECHR, legal practice and statistics of Ukraine, legal acts of the Ukraine, Germany, Estonia, Lithuania, and Poland. In total, 21 laws, drafts of laws, other documents, and 26 court decisions were analysed. Analytical, comparative, synthetic, systemic, sociological, induction, and deduction research methods were applied.
Conclusions: Criminal law should consider the latest medical research results when determining the boundaries of criminal law regulation. It is necessary to proceed from the principle of necessity in a democratic society when deciding on the criminalization of the transmission of HIV, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases, COVID-19, and other infectious diseases. Based on this principle, decriminalization is necessary: a) infection with a disease that does not pose a serious danger; b) placing a person in danger of being infected with an infectious disease if such consequences did not occur and the person did not intend to become infected with such a disease.
Incorporating AI Literacy Instruction into Rhetorical Analysis Assignments
Authors: Laflen Angela , Cook Michelle , Meindl Gaby , Virag Jovan
Published: February 2025

As generative artificial intelligence (gAI) tools become increasingly prevalent, writing instructors face challenges in addressing their ethical and pedagogical implications. In response to a rise in unethical gAI usage among students in English 5 at Sacramento State, graduate teaching associates in the English department incorporated AI literacy into their sections of English 5 through a revised rhetorical analysis assignment. This study examines the implementation and impact of this instructional shift during the Fall 2024 semester, when four graduate teaching assistants (TAs) introduced ~100 students to AI literacy through structured rhetorical analysis activities. The assignment sequence included identifying rhetorical moves in scholarly articles, collaboratively constructing a rhetorical moves chart, prompting and analyzing ChatGPT outputs, and composing a comparative rhetorical analysis essay.

Findings indicate that explicit AI literacy instruction significantly reduced unethical gAI usage, as reported by TAs who observed declines from 15-25% in Spring 2024 to under 5% in Fall 2024. Students engaged critically with both human-authored and AI-generated texts, recognizing limitations in gAI’s rhetorical sophistication and citation accuracy. Additionally, integrating gAI into coursework fostered a shift from a punitive approach to a collaborative learning environment, allowing students to explore AI’s strengths and weaknesses responsibly. This study underscores the importance of proactive AI literacy education in writing pedagogy, demonstrating how structured engagement with gAI can enhance critical thinking and ethical technology use in academic settings.
Economic security of industrial and territorial economic systems and complexes in the conditions of innovative development: risks and protection mechanisms
Authors:   Odessa National University of Technology, Neustroiev Yurii , Shkurovska Svitlana ,   Odessa National University of Technology
Published: February 2025

The article substantiates the importance of economic security as an important component of the sustainable development of sectoral and territorial economic systems and complexes in the face of complex geopolitical and geoeconomic challenges. The key directions of state policy to ensure economic security through integrating security and development priorities are identified. The relationship between socio-economic stability, innovative development, and technological progress is revealed as the basis for the formation of economic security. The work highlights the multifaceted nature of economic security, its dependence on the level of development of the national economy, effective state policy, and institutional protection. Measures necessary to ensure economic stability are outlined, including stimulating innovation, protecting strategic resources, developing scientific and technical potential, ensuring cybersecurity, and combating corruption and the shadow economy. Mechanisms for supporting innovative enterprises, protecting intellectual property, and ensuring financial stability are considered. Systemic problems that limit the ability to respond quickly to internal and external threats include imperfect legal framework, corruption, information isolation, weak institutional structure, and insufficient financial transparency. Classifying economic security problems for effective management of national resources is emphasized. The main threats affecting economic security are external, economic, social, political, technological, and environmental. Approaches to overcoming these challenges are proposed by reforming economic policy, introducing innovative technologies, strengthening international cooperation, and supporting scientific and research activities. The study results reveal the need to form a comprehensive strategy for ensuring Ukraine’s economic security, which will consider the interaction of internal and external factors, particularly in military operations. Special attention is paid to ensuring the financial system’s stability, the development of strategic sectors of the economy, and creating conditions for technological breakthroughs.

Keywords: economic security, innovative development, socio-economic stability, state policy, strategic resources, internal threats, external threats, problem classification.
Kepentingan Umum sebagai Pengecualian pada Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik dalam Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Authors: Sine Elena Daniela , Parabandani Hendra Wahanu
Published: February 2025

Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi berimplikasi pada munculnya tatanan baru di masyarakat yang memungkinkan timbulnya perbuatan hukum baru. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang -Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik lahir sebagai jawaban dan penyempurnaan dari kebutuhan hukum atas pengaturan terkait perbuatan-perbuatan di media elektronik, salah satunya mengenai pencemaran nama baik. Pengaturan mengenai “kepentingan umum” sebagai pengecualian tindak pidana perlu dikaji lebih dalam untuk menghasilkan keadilan, kepastian dan kemanfaatan hukum di masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan argumentasi, teori, dan konsep dalam menyelesaikan masalah hukum. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konsep, dan pendekatan analitis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk menentukan aspek kepentingan umum pada tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik, terdapat beberapa ukuran penilaian yakni maksud, substansi, dan dampak. Maka penelitian ini akan menggambarkan aspek dan sudut pandang yang tepat dalam meninjau suatu aspek kepentingan umum guna mewujudkan keadilan, kepastian, dan kemanfaatan hukum.
China-Africa (Nigeria) Trade Relations: Navigating Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Development
Authors:   Zuaira Abdullahi Garba
Published: February 2025

This study examines the evolving trade relations between China and Nigeria within the broader framework of China-Africa partnerships, exploring their potential as drivers of sustainable development. With China’s trade and investment in Nigeria growing rapidly, this relationship offers significant opportunities but also raises challenges related to environmental sustainability, labor rights, and corporate social responsibility.Using a mixed-methods approach grounded in Dependency theory, the research gathered data through 204 questionnaires to assess the perceptions of stakeholders. Findings reveal areas for improvement, such as weak adherence to environmental regulations by Chinese enterprises and the displacement of local industries. However, the partnership also provides opportunities for knowledge transfer, capacity building, and economic growth if managed collaboratively. The study underscores the importance of fostering equitable practices, enhancing local industry support, and encouraging compliance with ethical standards. By addressing these challenges, the China-Nigeria trade relationship can transition into a model for mutual prosperity and sustainable development.
Causas Imediatas de Óbito das Pessoas Idosas com Diagnóstico de Demência no Brasil
Authors:   Dombor Djikoloum Dingao and Al-Hassan Saleh Mahamat
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A prevalência de demência em idosos aumenta substancialmente ao longo dos anos, são raros os estudos que associam as causas de óbito nessa população, bem como os fatores de risco modificáveis que alteram esse desfecho. Objetivo: identificar as causas imediatas de óbito de pessoas idosas com demência. Métodos: estudo transversal, observacional e descritivo, com utilização de banco de dados público, proveniente da plataforma DATASUS/SIM (Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade). Foram analisadas as Declarações de Óbito (DO) de pessoas com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos e com registro de CID10 F03 (Demência não especificada), de todo o Brasil, com data do óbito de 2015 a 2019. Resultados: No período analisado, há 8.776 registros de DO de pessoas idosas com demência não especificada. A maioria dos óbitos foram de mulheres com 62,80% (5.511). A faixa etária de 80 a 89 anos representou o maior número de óbitos com 42,40% (3.139). Mais de 50% dos registros foram de idosos sem escolaridade ou com ensino fundamental incompleto. 70,54% (6.191) dos óbitos ocorreram em hospitais. Quanto à causa imediata da morte, a mais frequente foi septicemia não especificada, com 27,51% (2.344). As próximas causas mais prevalentes foram insuficiência respiratória aguda com 10,70% (912) e insuficiência respiratória não especificada com 9,31% (793). Analisando os dados, encontrou-se associação significativa entre óbito por sepse e idosos mais jovens com demência. Conclusão: As principais causas de óbito são insuficiência respiratória e sepse.
Perioperative Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Review
Authors:   Germana Ribeiro Araújo Carneiro Lucena and Vinícius Gueiros Buenos Aires
Published: February 2025

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, joint destruction, and extra-articular manifestations, often necessitating surgical intervention for pain relief, correction of deformities, and restoration of function. This condition is further complicated by significant comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and interstitial lung disease, which collectively elevate perioperative risks. Surgical interventions in RA patients require tailored perioperative management strategies to address these complexities, including optimizing immunosuppressive therapy, preventing infectious and thromboembolic complications, and mitigating delays in wound healing. This narrative review examines and synthesizes the current literature spanning 2008 to 2022 to provide an in-depth exploration of evidence-based approaches for perioperative management in RA patients. Key areas of focus include preoperative risk stratification, management of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics, intraoperative considerations such as anesthesia and surgical techniques, and postoperative care with a focus on infection prevention and rehabilitation. By highlighting current best practices and identifying knowledge gaps, this review aims to enhance surgical outcomes and guide future research in this complex patient population.
Impact of First Order Slip Condition on Peristaltic Transport of a Pseudoplastic Fluid Under MHD Effect Bounded by Permeable Walls with Suction and Injection
Authors: Sivaranjani S. , Kavitha A.
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the impact of first-order slip conditions on the peristaltic flow of a pseudoplastic fluid in the presence of a magnetic field, taking into the effects of suction and injection. Pseudoplastic fluids, which are shear-thinning, undergo a reduction in viscosity as shear rate increases, as opposed to Newtonian fluids, which maintain a constant viscosity regardless of applied shear stress. This characteristic is commonly found in fluids such as blood, polymer solutions, and certain industrial slurries, making them well-suited for applications where efficient flow under stress is critical. The analytical solution for frictional force and pressure rise was derived using perturbation techniques, assuming a long wavelength and low Reynolds number. Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) simulations provided visual insights into how key parameters such as the magnetic field strength M, the slip parameter α, and the suction and injection parameter k influence velocity profiles, pressure distribution, and friction forces. The findings indicate that a magnetic field M increases the fluid’s pumping efficiency, while a higher slip parameter α enhances the perturbation parameter Γ. Additionally, increasing the suction and injection parameters improves the overall pressure gradient, leading to more effective fluid transport across the system.
Concurrent Delay and Price Adjustment in Multi-Year Contracts: An Indonesian Construction Law Perspective
Authors: Sumantri Mahfiar Fajar Akbar , Sami’an S. , Hardjomuljadi Sarwono
Published: February 2025

This research examines the legal implications of concurrent delay in price adjustments in multi-year contracts within Indonesian construction projects. The absence of specific regulations concerning concurrent delay in Law Number 2 of 2017 and its implementing regulations creates legal uncertainty and has the potential to trigger disputes. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the legal and empirical aspects of concurrent delay and price adjustments. Employing a normative juridical approach and case studies of construction projects experiencing concurrent delay, this research analyzes relevant legislation, contract clauses, and dispute resolution practices. The results show that concurrent delay introduces complexities in allocating responsibility and calculating compensation, especially concerning overhead claims and price adjustments. The case studies reveal that the success of claims is highly dependent on the completeness of documentation and the strength of legal argumentation. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of drafting anticipatory multi-year contracts and implementing effective risk management to mitigate the risks of concurrent delay. This research recommends the development of more comprehensive regulations on concurrent delay and encourages parties to prioritize dispute resolution through negotiation and mediation.
Väinö Hakkila – tasa-arvoisen oikeusvaltion kehittäjä
Authors: Uusitalo Taina
Published: February 2025

Tässä artikkelissa käsittelen Väinö Hakkilan (1882–1958) huomattavaa elämäntyötä juridisesti ja sosiaalisesti heikoimmassa asemassa olevien suomalaisten aseman edistämiseksi. Hakkilan panostusta tasa-arvoisemman ja oikeudenmukaisemman Suomen rakentajana ei näkemykseni mukaan ole aiemmassa historiankirjoituksessa huomioitu riittävästi. Käytän lähteinä Väinö Hakkilan asianajotoimintaa käsittelevää arkistoaineistoa ja eduskunnan pöytäkirjoja ja lainvalmisteluasiakirjoja. Hakkila kiinnitti aivan erityistä huomiota sisällissodassa surmattujen ja vangittujen kohtaloon sekä naisten oikeudellisesti miestä heikompaan asemaan. Hakkila edisti punavankien asemaa perustamalla lakiasiaintoimiston ja tekemällä ylimmille oikeusvalvojille raportteja vankien huonosta ja oikeusvaltion vastaisesta kohtelusta. Päättelen, että nämä tehtävät päätyivät Hakkilalle osittain siksi, koska hän oli harvoja työväenliikkeen lakimiehiä, joita ei oltu vangittu sisällissodan seurauksena. Oikeusministerinä Hakkila antoi eduskunnalle lakiesityksen uudeksi aviokaareksi, joka huomattavasti paransi avioituneiden naisten oikeudellista asemaa. Hän avasi myös useita virkoja naisten haettavaksi. Varsinkin naisten oikeudellisen aseman edistämisen hän koki henkilökohtaisesti hyvin tärkeäksi. 
Väinö Hakkila (1882–1958) was one of the most significant actors of the social democratic labor movement after the civil war. In this article, I discuss Väinö Hakkila's remarkable life's work to promote the status of legally and socially disadvantaged Finns. In my view, Hakkila's contribution as a builder of a more equal and fair Finland has not been sufficiently taken into account in previous historiography. I use archival material about Väinö Hakkila's legal practice and parliamentary minutes and law preparation documents as sources. Hakkila paid special attention to the fate of those killed and imprisoned in the civil war, and to the legally weaker position of women than men. I will find out how Hakkila concretely influenced the Red prisoners and to improve the legal status of women. Hakkila promoted the status of red prisoners by establishing a legal office and making reports to the highest judicial supervisors about the poor treatment of prisoners and against the rule of law. I conclude that these tasks fell to Hakkila in part because he was one of the few lawyers in the labor movement who had not been imprisoned as a result of the civil war. As Minister of Justice, Hakkila presented a bill to parliament for a new marriage arc, which significantly improved the legal status of married women. He also opened several positions for women to apply for. He felt that the promotion of the legal status of women in particular was very important personally.
Palmu, Susikoski ja Hanhivaara – Suomalaisen rikosfiktion demokraattinen poliisitoiminta
Authors: Kallio Riikka
Published: February 2025

Artikkeli käsittelee kolmen suomalaisen rikoselokuvan välittämää demokraattisuutta poliisitoiminnassa. Kysyn tässä artikkelissa, minkälaisia demokraattisia ominaispiirteitä suomalaisesta poliisista ja poliisitoiminnasta välittyy teosten katsojille. Artikkelin tutkimusaineistoon kuuluvat elokuvat Tähdet kertovat, Komisario Palmu (1962), Tuntematon ystävä (1978) sekä televisioelokuva Jumalia ei uhmata (1988). Artikkeli analysoi poliisitoiminnan demokraattisuutta kuudella eri määreellä: ammattimaisuudella, läpinäkyvyydellä, vastuullisuudella, ihmisoikeuksien turvaamisella, legalismilla ja osallisuudella. Suomalaisen poliisitoiminnan demokraattisuutta on aiemmin tutkinut kriminologi Dilip K. Das ja vastaavasti itä- ja keskieurooppalaista demokraattista poliisitoimintaa ovat määritelleet tutkimuksissaan Gorazd Meško et al. Artikkeli valottaa sitä, minkälaisia demokraattisen poliisitoiminnan piirteitä voidaan mahdollisesti paikantaa 1960–1980-lukujen suomalaisista rikosfiktioista.                 
This article examines the democratic policing as conveyed by three Finnish crime films from the 1960s, the 1970s and the 1980s. In this article, I ask what kind of democratic characteristics of the Finnish police and policing are conveyed to the audience of the films. The research material includes the films: Tähdet kertovat, Komisario Palmu (1962), Tuntematon ystävä (1978) and Jumalia ei uhmata (1988). The article analyses policing in six different democratic policing terms: professionalism, transparency, accountability, protection of human rights, legalism, and cooperation with civil society. Finnish democratic policing has been defined in studies by criminologist Dilip K. Das and European democratic policing by criminologists Gorazd Meško et al. The article shows what kind of democratic policing features can be found in Finnish crime fiction.
Järjestölehtien merkitys poliisiammattikunnan julkisuuskuvan kehityksessä toisen maailmansodan jälkeen
Authors: Tikka Katja
Published: February 2025

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan ammattijärjestöjen roolia poliisin julkisuuskuvan kehityksessä. Järjestölehtien kirjoittelu 1940–1970-luvuilla paljastaa, että poliiseja on opastettu kohtamaan suomalaisia tavalla, joka vahvisti ammattiryhmän positiivista mielikuvaa. Tänään 2020-luvulla poliisin maine on Suomessa korkea. Luottamus poliisiin ei kuitenkaan ole syntynyt itsestään, vaan sen eteen on työskennelty kulisseissa määrätietoisesti julkisuuskuvaa kohentamalla. Suomalaisen poliisitoimen kehitys on lisäksi muovautunut osana yhteiskuntaa sen erilaisissa historiallisissa vaiheissa. Myös luokkayhteiskunta näkyi poliisin sisällä, jossa päällystö ja tavallista kansaa lähellä oleva rivipoliisi eivät pitkään aikaan mahtuneet yhteisen järjestöllisen katon alle. Kun koko ammattikunnan identiteetti oli yhtenäisempi, myös julkisuuskuva eheytyi. Aikaisempi tutkimus on korostanut ristiriitoja muun muassa työnkuvan ja palkkauksen perusteluissa. Poliisikunnan järjestäytymistä ja julkisuuskuvan kehittymistä taas ei juurikaan ole tutkittu. Artikkelissa poliisijärjestöjen jäsenlehtien kautta avautuu järjestöjen ja poliisiammattikunnan välinen suhde, jota tarkastellaan kronologisesti kolmen temaattisen näkökulman kautta. Ensimmäisessä teemaosiossa käsitellään yleisön kosiskelun ilmenemistä ja merkitystä, toisessa poliisin kohtaamaa runsasta väkivaltaa ja kolmantena poliisiurheilun merkitystä julkisuuskuvaa osana ammatti-identiteetin muokkautumista. 
The article explores the role of police unions in shaping the public image of the Finnish police alongside their advocacy work. Using organizational publications from the 1940s–1970s, it reveals efforts to guide police behaviour to enhance their public reputation, a strategy contributing to the high trust in Finnish police today. This trust, however, required deliberate image-building over decades. Through an analysis of member publications from police organizations, the article explores the relationship between these organizations and the professional police community. This is approached chronologically through three thematic perspectives. The first thematic section addresses the manifestations and significance of courting public favour. The second focuses on the extensive violence encountered by the police. The third examines the role of police sports in shaping public perceptions and contributing to the development of professional identity.
Understanding First Aid Skills in Emergency Situations: A Literature Review
Authors: Irfanita Nurhidayah  , Aklima  , Riski Amalia  , Mariatul Kiftia
Published: February 2025

Background: Injuries can become emergencies and cause serious harm if not addressed properly. Understanding and readiness in early emergency handling skills are crucial to prevent the deterioration of the patient’s condition. First aid is assistance provided to victims with the aim of preventing the situation from worsening before professional healthcare is available. This study aims to conduct a literature review to assess understanding of basic first aid in emergency cases.
Materials and Methods: This study uses a Literature Review method to collect and analyze data from previous researchers. Out of the total journals reviewed, 13 were selected based on the criteria of knowledge about first aid skills in emergency cases among laypersons.
Results: The review reveals that 2 articles indicate that the average respondent’s knowledge and skills regarding first aid in emergency cases are categorized as poor. Five articles conclude that the average respondent has a good understanding of first aid in emergency cases, while 5 articles fall into the moderate or sufficient understanding category.
Conclusion: The literature study concludes that the basic understanding of first aid in emergency cases is generally still categorized as poor or weak and moderate or sufficient.
Isolation of adaptive varieties of tomato and innovative technologies for their cultivation on slightly saline soils of the Bukhara region
Authors:   Dераrtmеnt оf аgrосhеmistry, fruit аnd vеgеtаblе grоwing аnd есоlоgy, Kаrshi Stаtе Univеrsity, Kаrshi, 700000, Uzbеkistаn, Оstоnаkulоv Toshtemir Еshimovich , Sаidоvа Gulshoda Anvar qizi ,   Dосtоrаl studеnt, Rеsеаrсh Institutе оf Vеgеtаblеs, Mеlоns аnd Роtаtоеs, Tashkent, Uzbеkistаn, Bukhаrа Stаtе Univеrsity, Bukhаrа, Uzbеkistаn, Shаmsiеv Аnvar Аkbarovich ,   Аssосiаtе Рrоfеssоr, Sаmаrkаnd Аgrоinnоvаtiоn's аnd Rеsеаrсh Univеrsity, Sаmаrkаnd, Uzbеkistаn
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of assessing the collection of tomato hybrid varieties in terms of early maturity, adaptability, formation of the leaf surface, tops, root system and productivity, and as a result, high- yielding, adaptive hybrid varieties and the improvement of the elements of agricultural technology for their cultivation, such as irrigation regimes, fertilizer rates, planting patterns and standing density for slightly saline soils. It was revealed that hybrid varieties of tomato were distinguished - Seraj F1, Tomck F1, Bobcat F1, Lojain F1, which formed tall plants (51.3- 60.2 cm), root weight - 124-144 g, tops - 473-574 g, fruit yield per bush – 1525.5-2470.5 g. These hybrid varieties provided the highest yield (67.8-109.8 t/ha). In the selected adaptive hybrid varieties, the optimal soil moisture regime was not lower than 75-85-85% of the PSMC and the application of fertilizers at the rate of 20 t/ha of manure + N200P160K100 kg/ha. At the same time, the yield of hybrid varieties (48.6-88.1 t/ha), the yield per 1 m3 of water was the highest (5.7-9.8 kg), and the water consumption per 1 centner of the crop was the 2-17.5 m3) and the content of nitrates in fruits did not exceed the recommended norm (44.7-67.8 mg/kg). The optimal planting scheme was 90x25 cm, with a density of 44.4 thousand plants per 1 ha, where it provided a high yield (25.3-90.0 tons).
Main results of safflower breeding in rainfed conditions
Authors:   Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture. Head of the Laboratory for Breeding Oilseeds and Non-Traditional Crops, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Galaaral, Uzbekistan, Xolboyevich Aripov Sherali , Baxtiyorovich Amanov Farrux ,   Researcher, Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2025

This article presents the results of safflower selection in rainfed conditions. During the study of the collection and breeding nursery, new lines of safflower were selected for economically valuable properties.
Literature and Buddhism in the Kamakura period
Authors:   Researcher at High School of Japanese Studies, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, Abubakirov Javokhir
Published: February 2025

The Kamakura period (1185–1333) was a period of great change in the political, cultural, and social life of Japan, beginning with the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate by Minamoto no Yoritomo. During this period, the samurai rose to the top of political power, and with the development of the feudal system, literature is also visible.Instead of the aristocratic and elegant literature of the Heian period, the Kamakura market was dominated by military tales, historical chronicles, and Buddhist philosophical works. In general, all events and feelings in human life are the main topic of literature.In 1192, the great leader of the "eastern" (Kanto) samurai detachments - Minamoto Yoritomo, after a long struggle, declares himself sei-taishogun, that is, the "supreme military leader" of Japan, thus the true and hereditary becomes a ruler. becomes the true and hereditary ruler of the whole country. Nevertheless, the Heian kings retain their supreme authority, but in fact begin to play almost exclusively the role of the "high priests" of their people - the supreme ministers of Shintoism. The Heian monarchy was replaced by a "shogunate" - a military system of government.The new management system also had an impact on literature. Now new genres have started to appear in it. First, the circle of readers has completely changed. Literature based on a new life, new state forms and a new culture, literary works characteristic of samurai culture began to be created. The student began to belong to a different social environment with a unique worldview. The boundaries of this circle have also expanded significantly.They began to attract an unprecedented number of readers in Japan. Literature began to be read not only by new people, but also lost its previous, essentially more exotic character and acquired a "wide" readership. A new author, a new reader, a new environment revived the new literature. And the main reason for this was the day.
RELEVANCE OF LEARNING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN THE PROFESSIONAL SPHERE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Lecturer in Russian Language, Department of Social, Humanitarian, Exact Sciences, and Sports, Tashkent Institute of Management and Economics, Uzbekistan, Atakhanova Nargiza Matyakubovna
Published: February 2025

The study of students' motivation to learn foreign languages, including Russian, plays a key role in the development of educational programs and methodologies. In Uzbekistan, where the Russian language remains an important means of communication, understanding students' motivational factors can significantly improve the effectiveness of language learning. A deep study of students' motivation to learn foreign languages in Uzbekistan is crucial. Understanding the dynamics and trends of multilingualism development can lead to significant improvements in teaching methodologies and curricula.
Effectiveness of intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI) and local laser therapy in optimizing conservative treatment of pneumonia
Authors:   Assistant of the Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases, Uzbekistan, Mukhiddinovna Tukhtaeva Mashkhura
Published: February 2025

Treatment of pneumonia is a pressing tissue at present, due to its widespread prevalence and associated severe complications, such as pleurisy, emphysema, cardiovascular diseases, glomerulonephritis, exacerbation of allergic diseases. Laser therapy, if there are appropriate indications, can be performed on children of any age from birth. However, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of young patients, know the rules for prescribing laser therapeutic procedures, schemes for choosing the most optimal methods and their parameters, which differ significantly from those recommended for adults.

The works devoted to this topic are analyzed, the rules for selecting parameters and principles for choosing laser therapy methods are systematized, taking into account the age and state of the child's nervous system, allowing for treatment to be carried out as safely and effectively as possible.
Types of natural science training for biology specialists
Authors:   Associate Professor of General Sciences, Asian International University, Uzbekistan, Khaidarovna Raupova Mekhrinigor
Published: February 2025

The article presents a comprehensive structure for training biologists, covering fundamental theoretical, practical laboratory, field, research, methodological, information and communication, innovative, entrepreneurial, ecological and environmental training. The goals, content, methods and technologies of each type of training are described, which allows to form a comprehensively developed specialist, capable of successfully working in various fields of biology and solving complex problems facing modern society. The proposed structure involves the integration of various types of training throughout the entire training, as well as taking into account the individual needs and interests of students.
Content of improving the preparation of students for wrestling sports competitions
Authors:   Tdpu named after Nizami, Professor v. Department of physical education and sports.b., Uzbekistan, Khaytmurodovich Khujomov Babomurod
Published: February 2025

This article shows the example of several technologies in teaching using modern pedagogical technologies in higher education institutions in order to more understandable and effective confirmation of the processes of National Wrestling Sports.
The content of the formation of the skills of adherence to a healthy lifestyle in primary school students Volume05Issue02-26
Authors:   Tdpu named after Nizami, Pedagogy of primary education, Associate professor of the Department v.b., PhD, Uzbekistan, G.O'. Uralova , H.O. Dostmurodova ,   Tdpu named after Nizami, Primary education track, 4th year student, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2025

This article discussed the issues of a healthy lifestyle and its content and the education of Primary School students in a healthy lifestyle.