bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parasitosis intestinal en niños quiteños: análisis desde los determinantes sociales de la salud
Authors: Tarupi Montenegro Wilmer , Silva Cevallos Jaime , Darquea Villavicencio Luis
Published: January 2019

Las parasitosis intestinales (PI) representan una causa importante de morbilidad para la población escolar. El presente estudio determinó la prevalencia de las PI en escolares urbanos del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito y sus determinantes socioeconómicos. Durante el año 2013, se seleccionó aleatoriamente a 406 niñas y niños tanto de 5 como de 12 años, pertenecientes a 5 instituciones públicas y 5 privadas de educación básica. A cada participante, se le realizó un examen coproparasitario directo y concentrado y se le aplicó una encuesta socioeconómica. Se estimó asociación entre PI y determinantes socioeconómicos a través de regresión logística. La prevalencia de infestación parasitaria fue de 29,3 %; un 12,3 % correspondió a parásitos patógenos: Entamoeba histolytica representó el 70,1 %; Giardia lamblia el 12,9 %; e Hymenolepis nana el 5,6%. La prevalencia de PI fue mayor en los hijos de madres con instrucción primaria en comparación con los hijos de madres con instrucción superior (OR: 4,07; IC95 %: 2,09-7,94). La prevalencia estimada es inferior a aquella publicada en otros estudios nacionales y latinoamericanos con similares metodologías; pero coherente con las mejoras sanitarias de la ciudad. Repensar las estrategias de intervención instauradas para su promoción y prevención sugiere esta investigación.
EFFICIENCY OF SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEXES OF TEBUCONAZOLE WITH PLANT METABOLITES AT CULTIVATION OF SPRING WHEAT
Authors: Vlasenko N. G. , Teplyakova O. I. , Burlakova S. V. , Evseenko V. I. , Dushkin A. V.
Published: January 2019

The work presents the results of the research into field efficiency of application of new fungicides when growing spring common wheat in the foreststeppe zone of Western Siberia. At the beginning of the earing phase, crops of spring common wheat Novosibirskaya 31 and Obskaya 2 were treated with fungicides on the basis of tebuconazole in the form of its supramolecular complexes with vegetable metabolites - licorice root extract {Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and polysaccharide arabinogalactan from Larex sibirica and Larix gmelinii. The use of tebuconazole complexes with licorice extract and arabinogalactan suppressed the development of major leaf diseases - Septoria, brown rust and powdery mildew. In spring wheat crops of Novosibirskaya 31, the development of diseases decreased by 95.4- 100%, which is comparable with the biological efficiency of commercial fungicide Folicur, CE - 97.1-98.1%. Spraying of Obskaya 2 crops with the studied preparation led to the decrease in the prevalence of Septoria disease by 92.1-97,0%, and the use of Folikur - by 97.1%. The treatment with fungicidal complexes increased the assimilation surface of the flag leaf in both spring wheat varieties. The complex of tebuconazole with licorice extract proved to be the most efficient: in Novosibirskaya 31 the area of the flag leaf increased by 27%, in Obskaya 2 - by 29.8%. When using tebuconazole with arabinogalactan, the flag-leaf area increased by 24 and 22%, respectively. Spraying crops with Folicur increased the performance of the varieties Novosibirskaya 31 by 25.6%, Obskaya 2 - by 24.5%. The weight of grains of the main spike also increased in the variants of treatment of Novosibirskaya 31 with tebuconazole complex with licorice extract by 36.1%, and with arabinogalactan - by 34.4%, which was higher than during crop treatment with Folicur (33.7%). The increase in the grain weight of the main spike of Obskaya 2 wheat variety was 18.4% and 13.8%, respectively, depending on the preparation, while Folikur's application provided the increase by 11.6%. Spraying crops with the studied preparations ensured the increase in the yield of spring wheat grain of the variety Novosibirskaya 31 by 12.1-12.3%, which is comparable with the results of using Folicur - 11.9%. The responsiveness of the variety Obskaya 2 on the application of the complex of tebuconazole with licorice extract was higher and accounted for 20.1%, when spraying tebuconazole with arabinogalactan, its yield increased by 11.2%, and the use of Folicurum led to the increase by 6.6%. Thus, in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, it is more efficient to treat spring common wheat crops at the beginning of the wheat earing phase with the composition of tebuconazole with licorice extract in the consumption rate of the preparation 0.5 kg/ha.
APPLICATION OF PHYTOMONITORING FOR ESTIMATING THE WATER STRESS INDEX
Authors: Usoltsev S. F. , Nestyak V. S.
Published: January 2019

Cultivation of thermophilic vegetable crops in Siberian conditions is possible only if the limiting environmental factors of their habitat (heat and moisture availability) are brought to the optimum zone. This requires continuous phytomonitoring of habitat characteristics and plant status indicators performed by a phytomonitor with a set of sensors. Based on the results of phytomonitoring, the production process of the crops to be grown is managed in the real-time mode by conducting technological operations aimed at changing the limiting factor. A scheme has been developed for managing the production process of vegetable crops in canopies. To improve the heat supply, it is proposed to use protective screens with automatic control of inflow-and-exhaust ventilation. The basis is the automatic control scheme with feedbacks. Automatic ventilation control is carried out by measuring the air temperature inside the canopy and forming a signal to activate the mechanism drive. The water availability of plants is estimated by the value of the water stress index, calculated on the basis of measurements of air temperature and humidity and leaf temperature. An algorithm for calculating the water stress index has been developed and experiments have been conducted to measure the characteristics of the habitat and indicators of the state of plants in laboratory and field conditions. The characteristic of changes in the water stress index of plants inside and outside the canopy was obtained. Based on the value of the water stress index, it was concluded that the plants are adequately supplied with water. The results of the experiments showed high reliability of the phytomonitor and a set of sensors. Further studies will focus on improving the production process management system using phytomonitoring in real time based on the methodology of evapotranspiration calculation.
Towards equity in immunisation
Authors: Boyce Tammy , Gudorf Amelie , de Kat Catharina , Muscat Mark , Butler Robb , Habersaat Katrine Bach
Published: January 2019

In the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region, differences in uptake rates of routine childhood immunisation persist within and among countries, with rates even falling in some areas. There has been a tendency among national programmes, policymakers and the media in recent years to attribute missed vaccinations to faltering demand or refusal among parents. However, evidence shows that the reasons for suboptimal coverage are multifactorial and include the social determinants of health. At the midpoint in the implementation of the European Vaccine Action Plan 2015–2020 (EVAP), national immunisation programmes should be aware that inequity may be a factor affecting their progress towards the EVAP immunisation targets. Social determinants of health, such as individual and household income and education, impact immunisation uptake as well as general health outcomes – even in high-income countries. One way to ensure optimal coverage is to make inequities in immunisation uptake visible by disaggregating immunisation coverage data and linking them with already available data sources of social determinants. This can serve as a starting point to identify and eliminate underlying structural causes of suboptimal uptake. The WHO Regional Office for Europe encourages countries to make the equitable delivery of vaccination a priority.
The Role of Knowledge Management Infrastructure in Enhancing Job Satisfaction: A Developing Country Perspective
Authors: Masa'deh Ra'ed , Abdelkarim Almajali Dmaithan , Alrowwad Ala'aldin , Obeidat Bader
Published: January 2019

Aim/Purpose: This research aims to examine the role of Knowledge Management (KM) infrastructure (technological, structural, and cultural) in enhancing job satisfaction in the context of developing countries, as exemplified by Jordan.

Background: Despite the presence of job satisfaction studies conducted in educational institutions across the world, knowledge management issues have not been taken into consideration as influencing factors.

Methodology: A total of 168 responses to a questionnaire survey were collected from the academic staff at Zarqa University in Jordan. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the research hypotheses.

Contribution: This study offers deeper understanding about the role that knowledge management infrastructure plays in enhancing job satisfaction from a developing country perspective. The proposed model is tested the first time in Jordan.

Findings: Results of the current study revealed that there are significant positive impacts of technological and cultural KM infrastructures on job satisfaction, whereas structural KM infrastructure does not have a significant impact on job satisfaction. Also, the results revealed significant gender difference in perception of the impact of knowledge management infrastructure on job satisfaction. On the other hand, an ANOVA test found no significant difference in the impact of knowledge management infrastructure on job satisfaction among groups by age, experience, and academic rank.

Recommendation for Researchers: Our findings can be used as a base of knowledge for further studies about knowledge management infrastructure and job satisfaction following different criteria and research procedures.

Future Research: The current model can be applied and assessed further in other sectors, including public universities and other services sectors in developed and developing countries.
Proposing Multiple-Criteria Ranking to Simulate Building Renovation in Cities
Authors: Jamil Arjun , Weiss Nils , Preisler Thomas , Renz Wolfgang
Published: January 2019

Building renovation plays a huge role in reducing CO2 emissions and energy demand. To understand the effects of different renova-tion strategies, expert users and decision makers need to explore renovation scenarios both spatially and temporally. The ongoing GEWISS project aims to do this by providing a GIS (Geographical Information System) to visualize energy demand per building as well as an interface to simulate possible renovation paths to its users. This white paper presents a novel proposal to simulate future renovation paths by utilizing different user scenarios containing multiple selection criteria to rank current building stock and con-sequently use optimization to pass them through the user selected renovation strategy in the most optimal way.
Inversión Extrajera Directa, Exportaciones y Crecimiento Económico en América Latina
Authors: Acosta-Palomeque Galo , Pazmiño-Arroyo Henry , Cerda-Prado Nelson
Published: January 2019

Del análisis de la relación de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) y de las exportaciones con el crecimiento económico de 16 países de Latinoamérica durante el año 2015. En este sentido, se desarrolló un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, utilizando una serie transversal de datos para el análisis de los países. Los resultados identificados permiten concluir que en los países latinoamericanos analizados, la IED y las exportaciones impulsan el crecimiento económico, lo cual es un dato relevante para los organismos que hacen políticas públicas y es concordante con la mayoría de literatura al respecto. Si bien la variable volumen negociado en el mercado de valores fue descartada por tener una alta correlación con la IED y por ser la menos correlacionada con la variable dependiente, a los diferentes países les corresponde incentivar a este mercado que constituye para las empresas una importante fuente de financiamiento.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНЕ СТАВЛЕННЯ ДО МАТЕРИНСТВА Й УСКЛАДНЕНІ ПСИХОСТАНИ ВАГІТНОЇ ЖІНКИ : ТЕОРЕТИКО-ЕМПІРИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПРОБЛЕМИ
Authors: Koreneva Julia
Published: January 2019

У стаття висвітлено результати теоретико-емпіричного вивчення проблеми психологічного ставлення до материнства у вагітних жінок, а також встановлення в них ускладнених психостанів. Констатовано, що на афективність вагітних жінок важливий вплив мають найрізноманітніші чинники. Установлено, що проблеми депопуляції населення через соціально-економічні негаразди, несприятливу демографічну ситуацію й трудову міграцію відображено в психологічних настановах жінок щодо вагітності. Зазначено, що онто- та соціогенез жінки на етапі вагітності значною мірою залежать від психологічного мікроклімату її сімейних взаємин. Вагітна жінка приділяє підвищену увагу своєму фізичному здоров’ю, однак не менш важливе завдання щодо посилення психологічної готовності до змін, спричинених вагітністю. На підставі теоретичного аналізу встановлено, що ставлення жінок до вагітності досить часто відбувається як переживання тривожності й фрустрації, невпевненості та особистісної безпорадності. З’ясовано важливу роль періоду вагітності у функціонуванні свідомості, самосвідомості й самоприйняття жінки фертильного віку, яка прагне набути досвід усвідомленого материнства. Наголошено, що готовність як позитивне ставлення до вагітності супроводжується численними афективними переживаннями, однак найважливішим чинником визначається те, наскільки дитина бажана та виступає для матері самодостатньою особистістю й наскільки – лише засобом для задоволення якихось інших намірів і потреб.

Результати емпіричного дослідження дали підстави стверджувати важливу роль соціальних детермінант у ставленні вагітних жінок до ситуації вагітності та до нових статусно-рольових преференцій, ідентичностей, здобутих упродовж цього періоду. Не менш важливим чинником є досвід народжуваності, оскільки всі досліджувані мали першу вагітність, відтак демонстрували здебільшого оптимальний тип гестаційної домінанти, тривожність у межах умовної вікової норми, водночас – невпевненість у собі констатовано майже в половини респондентів. Установлено, що більше ніж у кожної десятої досліджуваної існує виражений конфлікт із вагітністю та майбутньою ситуацією материнства. Наголошено на необхідності виваженого й фахового медико-психологічного супроводу вагітних жінок.
АНАЛІЗ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ПОРТРЕТУ АНДРЕЯ ШЕПТИЦЬКОГО
Authors: Maslyuk Andrew
Published: January 2019

Здійснено історико-психологічний аналіз релігійної особистості Андрея Шептицького на основі творчого доробку вченого української діаспори О. Куль­чицького. Постать митрополита розглянуто крізь призму протиставлення про­ти­лежних думок (ворожа, ненависна та любляча). Установлено узагальнений психологічний портрет митрополита, застосовуючи аналіз його внутрішнього світу, мислення, сприймання, переживання цінностей. Особистість А. Шептицького є цілісною й неповторною, що об’єднує в собі служіння Богу, світу та людству. З’ясовано, що головним поштовхом його діяльності був внутрішній релігійний мотив. «Забути про себе і пізнати Бога» – ця теза є визначальною в духовному житті митрополита, який намагався власним прикладом надихати інших пізнавати Бога не лише раціональними, а й інтуїтивними засобами пізнання. Визначено, що А. Шептицький як патріот закликав до об’єднання церкви, побудови рідної хати-батьківщини, в основу якої покледено християнські цінності. Митрополит уважав, що без християнської віри неможливе становлення української державності, мови, культури, традицій. Церква має допомагати конкретними діями розбудовувати українську державність. Набули подальшого розвитку ідеї митрополита щодо християнського патріотизму стосовно інших народів, адже християнство не закликає до ворожнечі між народами, а навпаки – вимагає з повагою ставитися до інших націй і їхніх традицій. Християнський патріотизм виявляється в тому, що ми любимо свій український народ та готові за нього не лише покласти працю свого життя, а й саме своє життя. Українська національна ідея збагачується новим підходом, в основі якого – «християнський патріотизм».
ГЕНДЕРНА ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК БАТЬКІВ, ЯКІ МАЮТЬ ПРОБЛЕМНИХ ДІТЕЙ
Authors: Mushkevych Myroslava
Published: January 2019

У статті описано важливість дослідження особливостей особистісного та сімейного функціонування батьків, котрі мають проблемну дитину. Указано, що до категорії «проблемні діти» входять ті, які створюють незручності для функціонування дорослих (батьків, прабатьків, вихователів, учителів й ін.), оскільки характеризуються сором’язливістю, надмірною активністю, агресивністю, неуважністю, неслухняністю, плаксивістю, збудливістю, імпульсивністю, зам­кнутістю, безвідповідальністю тощо (віком 5–9 років). Вихідним емпіричним фактажем для аналізу стали психологічні характеристики досліджуваних, визначені за допомогою комплексу психодіагностичних засобів: проективний тест «Автопортрет» (О. Кандауров), проективний тест «Неіснуюча тварина» (М.З. Друкаревич), проективний тест «Малюнок сім’ї» (Р. Бернс, С. Кауфман), проективні методики «Людина під дощем» (О. Романова, Т. Ситько), «Дім. Дерево. Людина» (Дж. Бук). Зазначено, що задля з’ясування достовірних відмінностей за частотою вираженості (наявності-відсутності) характеристик особистісно-сімейного функціонування в батьків проблемних дітей використано біноміальний критерій (Binomial Test). Передбачено, що отримані результати будуть покладені в основу оптимальної моделі психологічного супроводу як батьків, так і всієї сімейної системи, яка включає дитину з проблемами в розвитку.

Досліджено, що для жіночої частини батьків, котрі мають проблемних дітей, достовірно властивими виявилися такі характеристики особистісно-сімейного функціонування, як «відчуття нестабільності», «підозрілість, недовіра», «труднощі в спілкуванні та у взаємодії з іншими», «тривога, страх», «імпульсивність», «пасивність», «емоційна й інтелектуальна незрілість», «сексуальні проблеми», «холодність взаємин», «ригідність», «напруження», «схильність до уникання проблем», «конкуренція між батьками або сиблінгами», «невпевненість, зневіра в собі». Чоловіча частина батьків, котрі мають проблемних дітей, мала такі особливості особистісно-сімейного функціонування: «відчуття нестабільності», «підозрілість, недовіра», «труднощі в спілкуванні та у взаємодії з іншими», «тривога, страх», «задоволеність собою», «імпульсивність», «пасивність», «емоційна й інтелектуальна незрілість», «готовність до роботи над проблемами», «позитивне налаштування на дослідження, сім’ю», «холодність взаємин», «ригідність», «напруження», «порушення в соціально-психологічній адаптації», «схильність до уникання проблем».
ДИФУЗНА ІДЕНТИЧНІСТЬ ПІДЛІТКІВ ІЗ РІЗНОТИПНИХ ДЕПРИВОВАНИХ СІМЕЙ : ФАКТОРНИЙ АНАЛІЗ
Authors: Hoshovska Daria , Hoshovskyi Yaroslav
Published: January 2019

У статті висвітлено психологічні особливості становлення самосвідомості дітей, які позбавлені сімейної опіки й любові та перебувають у складних екзистенційних умовах, виховуючись в інтернатних закладах. Констатовано негативний вплив різновидової депривації, унаслідок чого істотно ускладнються ідентифікаційні тактики й стратегії та проявляються численні емоційно-вольові розлади.
Емпіричним способом установлено, що депривовані вихованці інтернатних установ схильні до надмірного уникнення, конформності, поступливості та внутрішньої самоконфліктності, вони прагнуть до усамітнення, а ключовими ознаками їхньої ідентифікації постають рефлексивне самозвинувачення, залежність і надмірна довірливість у прийнятті свого Я. Завдяки інтерпретації результатів факторного аналізу вдалося виокремити такі основні чотири фактори, які концентрували змістово-функціональну сутність набуття депривованими досліджуваними ідентичності: «внутрішньоконфліктна боязкість», «рефлексивне самозвинувачення» «конформна самотність» «залежне самоприйняття». Дифузна ідентичність означена ледь не повною відсутністю ототожнення, унаслідок чого дитина майже не здійснює ні пошук, ні вибір способів і варіантів розв’язання проблеми свого ідентифікування. Установлено, що для депривованих підлітків здебільшого характерні ознаки дифузної ідентичності, що спричинено нестачею й/або відсутністю батьків як носіїв і зразків певних ментально-соціальних та особистісно-індивідуальних фреймів.
Акцентовано, що підліткам навчально-виховних закладів інтернатного типу потрібен кваліфікований психолого-педагогічний супровід, ґрунтований на сучасних медіально-рефлексійних технологіях, які оптимізують як гармонійне набуття цілісної особистісної та соціальної ідентичності, так і забезпечують позитивний ревіталізаційний ефект інтегрування в мікро- й макросоціум.
Incidental Vocabulary Learning through Watching Movies
Authors: Ashcroft Robert John , Garner Joseph , Hadingham Oliver
Published: January 2019

It is thought that in order to comprehend general conversation at the native-speaker level, it is necessary to know thousands of word families. Vocabulary learning is therefore a vital component to attaining proficiency in a language. The revolution in digital and information technology has dramatically transformed the landscape of resources available to language students. Learners increasingly have access to audio-visual, meaning-focused input, such as DVDs and streamed video material. Studies indicate that such materials can be used as linguistic input to facilitate incidental vocabulary learning, in the same way extensive reading (ER) uses graded readers have traditionally been used for the same purpose. The current study sought to measure the effect of watching a single movie in English, with English captions, on the ability of Japanese students to recall a selection of words taken from the movie script. The results revealed a significant increase in students' ability to recall the words directly after watching the movie. From a list of 42 target words, the mean number of words recalled increased by 1.7 (4.05%) words after viewing. The result suggests that meaning-focused audio-visual input such as movies are a valuable supplementary resource for language learners, which can help provide a welcome boost their rate of vocabulary acquisition.
Snapshots Then and Now: Feminism and the Law in Alberta
Authors: Acorn Annalise
Published: January 2019

The pioneering efforts of women such as Emily Murphy in Alberta during the early part of this century effected legal change and altered women's lives. Women began to see the law as a vehicle for social change, entitling them to property and giving rise to new expectations that a world of "true happiness" would emerge.
However, this time also saw the beginnings of fractures and divisions in the modern feminist movement based on race, class and sexual orientation. Late twentieth century feminist theory has, in part, been an attempt to overcome theoretical imperatives of universalism (the nature of mankind) and essentialism (features common to all women), with mixed results. Nonetheless, the failures of feminists in this area who have acted at cross-purposes do not erase the successes in the same project and the influence felt at the University of Alberta.
Enforcement Remedies of Creditors
Authors: Wood Roderick J.
Published: January 2019

This article begins by discussing the history of the enforcement remedies possessed by creditors against debtor's goods in Alberta. The author examines the new Personal Property Security Act legislation and the more recent Civil Enforcement Act. He outlines the objectives of such legislation and the competing policy concerns that need to be considered when such legislation is drafted. The article concludes by assessing the approach taken in relation to the four rudimentary elements of an enforcement system: seizure, sale, restrictions of enforcement, and judicial intervention.
An Introduction to Alternative Dispute Resolution
Authors: Goss Joanne
Published: January 2019

The author begins with a brief overview of the history and critical importance of alternative dispute resolution, or ADR. What follows is an in-depth and practical survey of various methods of ADR. For each, the author introduces the method, its history and terminology and then lists its benefits and drawbacks. This introduction serves as a comprehensive practical reference tool for practitioners, as well as laying the groundwork for many of the articles which follow.
In Pursuit of Better Myth: Lawyers' Histories and Histories of Lawyers
Authors: Pue W. Wesley
Published: January 2019

This article identifies the centrality of a presumed "history" of the profession in contemporary professional apologetics and rhetoric, illustrates the lack of support in empirical history for a number of contemporary "myths" and explores some implications of the disjunction between history and professional myth. Particular attention is paid to themes of self-regulation, independence of the profession and public service.
Restitution of Unlawfully Levied Taxes: Survey and Comparative Analysis of Developments in Canada, Australia, and England
Authors: Bachand Frédéric
Published: January 2019

The common law traditionally has not been sympathetic to taxpayers wishing to recover unlawfully levied taxes from public authorities. Because a mistake of law did not, as a general rule and in itself, give rise to a right to restitution, and because courts refused to find that the mere fact that monies had been demanded by public authorities amounted to compulsion, taxpayers were often left without a remedy. Fortunately, important judicial developments have occurred in Canada, Australia, and England in the past decade. The demise of the infamous mistake of law rule and the recognition in England of the Woolwich principle have facilitated the recovery of unlawfully levied taxes. Yet, these developments have revealed profound differences as to which defences should be made available to public authorities. The "fiscal chaos" and "passing on" defences proposed by three Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada in the Air Canada case have not been well received in Australia and England. This article traces the evolution of the traditional common law approach to the problem of unlawfully levied taxes, offers a survey of the judicial developments in this area since the past decade and proposes a comparative analysis of the approaches adopted in each jurisdiction.
The New Federal Judicial Appointments Process: The First Ten Years
Authors: Millar Andre S.
Published: January 2019

This article provides a brief history of the process for selecting federally appointed Judges, which was first announced in 1988. The article summarizes the major changes in the selection process since 1988 and provides descriptions of some of the key policies and procedures. Several Appendices present further information on the selection process for the years 1989 to 1999. The Appendices include a statistical report of applications, recommendations and appointments, the members of the Advisory Committees, the Ministers of Justice and Commissioners for Federal Judicial Affairs, and the Personal History Form for candidates for judicial selection. Please note that events and information after December, 1999, are not reflected in the above material.
Reducing the Democratic Deficit: Representation, Diversity and the Canadian Judiciary, or towards a Triple P Judiciary
Authors: Devlin Richard , MacKay A. Wayne , Kim Natasha
Published: January 2019

The authors review the current structures for judicial appointments in Canada and provide statistical information about the results of these mechanisms in respect to diversity of representation on the courts. They are also critical of the fairness and openness of judicial appointments processes.

After examining several variants of the dominant liberal view of law and of judges, the authors proffer and articulate a neo-realist theory of law and what they term a "bungee cord theory of judging." According to the former, law is inevitably a form of politics; according to the latter, judges are unavoidably political actors. In consequence, the judiciary is properly subject to democratic norms, including especially the norms of representation and of diversity. The authors then argue that, judged against those democratic norms, the present systems of judicial appointment (and the judiciary which it has put in place) suffers from what they term "a democratic deficit."

After a detailed examination of past attempts to reform this system, of arguments for and against a more democratic and representational approach to judicial selection, and possible models of judicial selection, the authors propose their own reform: the establishment by statute of Judicial Appointments Commissions. Such an approach might help cure the democratic deficit and produce what they dub a Triple-P judiciary, that is, one that is politically accountable, professionally qualified, and proportionally representative.
Le Processus de Consultation et D'Evaluation Entourant les Nominations a la Cour Provinciale du Nouveau-Brunswick: Evolution Vers un Appareil Juridique Depolitise Favorisant le Developpement de la Communaute Acadienne de Cette Province
Authors: Bilodeau Roger , Roy Denis
Published: January 2019

The authors trace the effect of Acadian language rights on the process for the selection of provincial court judges in New Brunswick. The authors contend that Acadians were historically limited in their participation in the Canadian democratic process, and that now their right to political and legal participation must be ensured. Briefly, the history of Acadian political participation is traced, as is the emergence of minority language rights, both federally and in New Brunswick. In order for Acadians to be represented among the judiciary, the authors explain, equal educational opportunities were necessary for the proper formation of Acadian judicial candidates. The Supreme Court of Canada's recognition of the importance of preserving minority language rights is also noted. The authors then go on to explain the procedures, in place since 1988, for the selection of judges of the Provincial Court of New Brunswick. It is contended that this process has in consequence become less politicized. Finally, it is noted that this structure does not impede Acadians' participation in the judiciary.
Resulting Trusts in Canada
Authors: Chambers Robert
Published: January 2019

This article looks at the resulting trust and its creation as a response to an event, that of unjust enrichment. The author looks at how and why the resulting trust arises; the role of key presumptions in determining whether or not a resulting trust is present; the role of intention in creating a resulting trust; and how all resulting trusts serve to effect restitution of unjust enrichment. The author argues that Canadian courts have focused on the constructive trust and its relationship with unjust enrichment, to the detriment of achieving understanding in this area. This has left the resulting trust on the sidelines, when it could more appropriately be used to create greater certainty and predictability.
A Primer on Citizenship Revocation for WWII Collaboration: The 1998-1999 Federal Court Term
Authors: Farid Claire I.
Published: January 2019

This article provides a review of recent jurisprudence in relation to revocation of citizenship proceedings against those alleged to have committed war crimes or crimes against humanity. The author discusses proceedings involving citizenship obtained by deception by those involved in World War II, with a particular focus on five cases decided in late 1998 and 1999.

The article addresses both procedural and substantive issues that have arisen in these proceedings. Although past procedural problems of characterization of the proceedings, the scope of required notices, and rights to appeal have generally been clarified in recent jurisprudence, some specific problems still remain to be resolved. The author points out that the substantive issues surrounding collaboration, actual post-WW Il security screening practices, the existence of a duty of candour, and the legal authority for security screening of immigration applicants still remain in a state of uncertainty as the current cases have provided conflicting results. Interpretation of old legislation and the determination of how such legislation was actually applied to security screening by immigration officials at the time of the immigrant's application are the main concerns in deciding these substantive issues. Matters are further complicated by the lack of evidence, both testimonial and documentary. The resolution, or lack thereof, of the procedural and substantive issues will have a bearing on proceedings initiated by the government in relation to modern war crimes cases.
Will That Be Performance - Or Cash: Semelhago v. Paramadevan and the Notion of Equivalence
Authors: Clark Donald H.
Published: January 2019

This article discusses the manner in which the Supreme Court of Canada assessed damages in Semelhago v. Paramadevan, a dispute arising from a breach of contract for sale of land.
The author analyzes the decision as it affects established real estate law and principles governing judicial remedies available in contracts. Before Semelhago, specific performance was normally granted as all land was presumed to have no substitute and therefore, damages were considered to be inadequate. As a result of the decision in Semelhago, the plaintiff, whether vendor or purchaser, is now required to adduce evidence that the specific property in question is unique. The plaintiff retains the right to request specific examine performance or damages and can make her election any time up until the date of the trial. The author discusses when the value of the property should be assessed and the deductions that should be included in the final judgment. He also outlines the confusion and uncertainty this judgment has created and how the plaintiff is overcompensated by using thisformula. A solution to this dilemma is presented.
Deconstructing the Constructive Trust
Authors: Rotman Leonard I.
Published: January 2019

With the Supreme Court of Canada's judgment in Soulos v. Korkontzilas, the constructive trust has again become the subject of contention in Canadian law. Over the years, jurists and scholars have generated significant debate over the nature and function of the constructive trust and where it ought to be used. While constructive trusts have been implemented in a variety of situations, there has not always been agreement over whether all such uses are appropriate. This debate continued in the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in Soulos. While the majority decision in Soulos has clarified the availability of the constructive trust in Canadian law, the open-endedness of the majority judgment and the vociferous dissent suggest that the issue may not yet be put to rest. In this article, the author critically examines the Soulos judgment and its potential effects on the law of constructive trusts in Canada.
The Real Laws of the Constitution
Authors: Gibson Dale
Published: January 2019

Legal doctrine alone is rarely determinative of the outcome in constitutional adjudication. Recalling the hypotheses of the legal realist movement, the author some of the non-doctrinal factors that may be at work in judicial decision-making. The author calls for greater judicial frankness when invoking such non- doctrinal factors and for assistance from the academic community in order to help identify those factors. In the result, it is hoped that those factors which judges are ill- equipped to consider be isolated and, if need be, reposed in other, more suitable, bodies by the legislatures.
The Impact of Vaillancourt v. the Queen on Canadian Criminal Law
Authors: Grant Isabel
Published: January 2019

The 1987 Supreme Court decision of Vaillancourt Struck down s. 213(d) of the Criminal Code, finding that the constructive murder provision violated ss. 7and 11(d) of the Charter. This paper looks at how the courts have since applied Vaillancourt to other sections of the Criminal Code, particularly the remaining murder provisions. The analysis is based largely on a consequence-circumstance distinction, where legally consequences involve the harm caused by the accused and the circumstances refer to conditions that must be shown to exist before there can be a conviction. However, because murder is a unique crime with a "special stigma" attached to it, courts will not allow an objective standard of mens rea to form the basis of a murder conviction.
The Courts, The Common Law, and the Constitutional Imperative: Beyond Dolphin Delivery
Authors: Domes Allan
Published: January 2019

The author surveys perceived flaws in the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in the Dolphin Delivery Case. The article then attempts to define the scope ofs.32 of the Charter in light of post-Dolphin jurisprudence.
The Private Investigator and the Right to Privacy
Authors: Geddes Elaine F.
Published: January 2019

The author examines the law with respect to the status and powers of private investigators and reviews cases in both Canada and the United States involving the activities of private investigators. Possible remedies available against the private investigator, both in tort and criminal law, are reviewed, as well as American cases on the common law of invasion of privacy, Canadian cases under the various provincial Privacy Acts and possible remedies under the Charter of Rights.

Privacy is the right of the individual to decide for himself how much of his life, his thoughts, emotions and the facts that are personal to him he will share with others.
The Implications of Entrenching Property Rights in Section 7 of the Charter of Rights
Authors: McBean Jean
Published: January 2019

The author discusses the legal implications of entrenching property rights into s. 7 of the Charter. She outlines the legislative history of s. 7 and outlines the nature of the s. 7 review process. Some of the laws which may be affected by entrenching property rights are examined and a possible solution is offered to this dilemma.
A Commentary on the New Zealand Accident Compensation Scheme
Authors: Klar Lewis N.
Published: January 2019

The author discusses the advent of Anton Piller orders and contrasts its benefits against the right against self incrimination.
The Rule against Multiple Fictions
Authors: Ziff Bruce
Published: January 2019

The author explores aspects of the constructive mens rea found in the Criminal Code, primarily as these relate to accomplices to murder. By examining both basic principles of criminal liability in Canada and the rationale of constructive mens rea, the author seeks to expose the harshness of the current rules, which, when applied to accomplices, tend to compound constructive mens rea provisions. In result, the author proposes that the law adopt a 'rule against multiple fictions', designed to preclude that compounding.
Municipal Bonuses and Tax Exemptions to Entice Private Developments
Authors: Laux F. A.
Published: January 2019

The author examines the history and case law of municipal councils granting bonuses and tax exemptions to private businesses in Alberta. He then considers the effect of the recent repeal of s. 443 of the Municipal Government Act. The author concludes that the rule prohibiting such aid to entice private businesses to establish, continue, or expand enterprises in the community remains alive and well in Alberta.
Judges as Legislators: Not Whether But How
Authors: Gibson Dale
Published: January 2019

Although judicial legislation has always been an important feature of the legal system, it is not often acknowledged publicly. This has meant that the proper limits of the process, and the means by which it can be carried out most effectively, have not received due attention from legal writers. This article addresses those questions. It examines the reasons judges make laws, the reasons for their reluctance to admit publicly that they do so, the formal and functional constraints that should govern their law-making, and some procedures by which the process may be assisted and improved.
Dean Weir Memorial Lecture - January 14, 1986 - Winds of Change in the Sentencing Process
Authors: Laycraft J. H.
Published: January 2019

This article was presented as the 1986 Dean Weir Memorial Lecture at the University of Alberta and briefly discusses some of the philosophies of criminal sentencing including changes in the United States penal philosophy and practice. The application and effect of these new systems of sentencing in Canada is also considered.
An Introduction to Section 15(1) of the Charter
Authors: Wakeling T. W.
Published: January 2019

This article will discuss briefly the rationale for s. 15(1), its origins and peculiar features and consider the lines of inquiry which will prove most useful in assessing the constitutionality of laws subject to a s. 15(1) challenge.
Formulating a Strategy for the Reform of Non-Profit Corporation Law - An Alberta Perspective
Authors: Edmeades Baz
Published: January 2019

In this paper, the author argues that the current statutory scheme with regard to non-profit corporations is a legislative “mish-mash” and would best be replaced by a single act which dealt comprehensibly with the area. The bulk of the paper consists of an examination of the current Alberta situation and proposals for a complete reform.
Some Observations Regarding Re-Elections in Provincial Court under the Criminal Code in Alberta
Authors: Marshall Percy
Published: January 2019

Judicial interpretation of the Criminal Code provisions, sections 464 and 484, relating to re-election for trial, has become increasingly restrictive. Through a thorough historical analysis of the relevant case law, the author demonstrates that the right to ap ply to re-elect has, in certain circumstances, been virtually removed in Alberta. Criticisms of the present trend are offered, followed by proposals for reform.
Natural Resources: Provincial Proprietary Rights, the Supreme Court of Canada, and the Resource Amendment to the Constitution
Authors: Moull William D.
Published: January 2019

The 1982 "Resource Amendment" to the Constitution has important implications par ticularly for western oil producing provinces. The writer examines the "proprietary rights" theory relied upon by the Alberta Government by reviewing older case law and recent Supreme Court of Canada decisions. The writer suggests that many "proprietary rights" arguments which would likely be invalid may be saved by the resource amend ment.
Regulating the Transporation of Dangerous Goods
Authors: Vomberg E. M.
Published: January 2019

The law relating to the transportation of dangerous goods is a complex combination of numerous statutes. The new Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act is intended to be an all-inclusive regulatory scheme. The author points out many problems inherent in the Act and suggests that they are a result of the Act being passed in response to an urgent situation rather than as a result of foresight. The author reviews the current legislation, discusses the reforms contemplated by the Act and presents recommendations.
Is There an International Criminal Law?
Authors: Green L. C.
Published: January 2019

In this pragmatic discussion of international criminal law, the author provides both an analytic and historical overview of the jurisprudence. The roles of treaties, conventions, and the United Nations are presented as the relationship between international and domestic criminal law is explored. In this process, the author distinguishes international legal posturing from bona fide attempts to create an international criminal law.
An Overview of the Trudeau Constitutional Proposals
Authors: Simeon Richard
Published: January 2019

The Trudeau Resolution, defining the process by which the federal government hopes to achieve constitutional reform, has been the source of much conflict between the federal and provincial governments. While supporting some elements of the Resolution, the author criticizes many others and points out what he considers to be the fatal flaw in the resulting model of Canadian federalism: its dependence on the ability of the federal government to represent and be seen to fairly represent all Canadians. Possible long-term effects of the Resolution on Canadian federalism and the necessity of reconciling the provincial and federal viewpoints are also examined.
Legal Investigation of a Medical Investigation
Authors: Somerville Margaret A.
Published: January 2019

Taking the facts of the case McLean v. Weir et al. this paper analyzes in detail the ap proach of two courts, the British Columbia Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal, to what is needed to avoid malpractice in, and obtain 'informed' consent to, diagnostic medical procedure, in this case angiography. The strengths and weaknesses of the various tests for scope of disclosure of information to the patient and for causation, which could be adopted by the law, are discussed. The author concludes by noting some of the problems which are yet to be resolved.
The Use of Videotape Evidence in Civil Cases
Authors: Elman Bruce P.
Published: January 2019

The author discusses the role of videotape evidence as testimonial proof and as demonstrative evidence. He surveys the leading cases in the area as well as relevant statutory provisions. The potential hazards associated with the use of videotape evidence are followed by recommended measures to ensure accuracy and objectivity. The author suggests that where these safeguards are taken, a "first-hand" view of the evidence used to prove a civil case may aid the court in reaching a sound decision.
The Human Element in the Judicial Process
Authors: Pigeon Honourable Mr. Justice Louis-Philippe
Published: January 2019

The imprecision in ascertaining facts and the uncertainty in laws is the subject of this article. The author discusses this in the framework of judicial discretion by examining the strengths and weaknesses of the exercise in discretion. He recognizes that judges do not blindly apply fixed laws by emphasizing the unavoidable imprecision in the law and the exercise of judicial discretion in making law. The author concludes by pointing out the existence of personal factors which enter into the judicial decision-making process and the tremendous social importance of the selection of members of judiciary.
Secured Financing in Canada
Authors: Lee Dellas W.
Published: January 2019

The article sets forth a brief description of secured financing practices in Canada, with an indication of the respective roles taken by sales finance companies and chartered banks. Observations are made on the elements necessary for modern secured financing law and the extent to which these elements are found in the Ontario and Uniform Personal Property Security Acts. The barriers to the creation of a floating lien under cur rent law are also explored, as are the philosophical implications arising from a law which validates a floating lien.