bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccine-induced COVID-19 mimicry syndrome
Authors: Kowarz Eric , Krutzke Lea , Külp Marius , Streb Patrick , Larghero Patrizia , Reis Jennifer , Bracharz Silvia , Engler Tatjana , Kochanek Stefan , Marschalek Rolf
Published: January 2022

To fight the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, a global vaccination campaign is in progress to achieve the immunization of billions of people mainly with adenoviral vector- or mRNA-based vaccines, all of which encode the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. In some rare cases, cerebral venous sinus thromboses (CVST) have been reported as a severe side effect occurring 4–14 days after the first vaccination and were often accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Besides CVST, splanchnic vein thromboses (SVT) and other thromboembolic events have been observed. These events only occurred following vaccination with adenoviral vector-based vaccines but not following vaccination with mRNA-based vaccines. Meanwhile, scientists have proposed an immune-based pathomechanism and the condition has been coined vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Here, we describe an unexpected mechanism that could explain thromboembolic events occurring with DNA-based but not with RNA-based vaccines. We show that DNA-encoded mRNA coding for Spike protein can be spliced in a way that the transmembrane anchor of Spike is lost, so that nearly full-length Spike is secreted from cells. Secreted Spike variants could potentially initiate severe side effects when binding to cells via the ACE2 receptor. Avoiding such splicing events should become part of a rational vaccine design to increase safety of prospective vaccines.
Optimal power allocation for a wireless cooperative network with UAV
Authors: Yan Jing , Deng Xuefeng , Liu Jihua , Wang Liming
Published: January 2022

The main objective of this work was to investigate the optimal power allocation strategy in the UAV cooperative wireless Decode and Forward (DF) relay network. Firstly, the outage probability of the system with and without diversity gain was derived. Two optimization problems were studied for different application scenarios. One of the optimization problems sought to determine an optimal power allocation strategy in certain total power constraint to minimize the system outage probability. Since the optimization problem we established is convex, the Lagrange multiplier method was adopted. For the system without diversity, the explicit expression of the optimal power allocation was derived. The relationship between UAV transmission power and source node transmit power was obtained for the diversity gain system and then the Newton iterative method was used to obtain the optimal power allocation method. The simulation results show that the optimal power allocation strategy can reduce the outage probability of the system under the same conditions, and the reliability of the system was improved. Another optimization problem aimed to use the lowest power to ensure that the outage probability within a certain specific threshold for saving energy resources. Because the optimization problem is non-convex, we proposed an effective method to solve the optimal power allocation strategy. Similarly, we derived the closed-form solution of the power allocation strategy for the system without diversity. Finally, the simulation results verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm.
Bilateral Nasopalatine Duct Cyst: A Diagnostic Quandary Solved
Authors: Shinde Mrunal Manohar , Singh Sarita Vikram , Lele Priya Abhijit , Kamat Sharad Basvraj , Handa Aishwarya Neeraj
Published: January 2022

The Nasopalatine Duct Cyst (NPDC) also commonly referred to as the anterior midline palatine cyst is a developmental cyst derived from the proliferation of embryonic epithelial remnants of nasopalatine duct. It is unique for the reason that it develops in only one location, which is the midline of anterior maxilla in close relationship to the nasopalatine canal. Radiographically, it presents as a well-demarcated ovoid or heart shaped cystic structure which is seen in close proximity to the apex of maxillary central incisors. Due to its anatomical location, it can be sometimes misdiagnosed as central giant cell granuloma, periapical cyst or follicular cyst. Chronic, large periapical lesions following traumatic injuries are challenging to diagnose and treat. The present case report described the successful management of a rare case of bilateral NPDC in a 30-year-old male patient, who gave a presentation closely mimicking that of an infected periapical cyst. The case was treated by both conventional endodontic therapy and surgical intervention. The NPDC tends to show a predilection in giving rise to squamous cell carcinomas which commonly occur in the anterior part of the maxilla. Therefore, cystic lesions seen in the premaxillary region require a thorough analysis so as to successfully treat the lesion and to avoid further complications that may arise due to a missed diagnosis.
REVIEW ON THE RESTORATIVE IMPACT OF ACACIA ARABICA
Authors: Pandit Bibhas , Singh Ritika , Jajo Honey , Satapathy Trilochan
Published: January 2022

From ancients, herbal medicines are used in the management and cure of various physiological abnormalities. In this 21st century, a huge part of the world's population still depends mostly on the conventional system of medicine as these medicines are economical, easily available, and have minimal side effects. Acacia arabica commonly known as Babool, indigenously found in India possessed a variety of pharmacological effects when used in different traditional formulations. There are about 1350 Acacia species available worldwide. In India, Acacia arabica is widely spread in Jammu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa Bihar, and Andhra Pradesh. The use of Acacia arabica in the traditional formulation is popularized due to its diverse pharmacological activity. Recent research on Acacia arabica revealed that the plant is rich in antioxidants such as catechin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin, kaempferol, gallic acid and is used in the treatment of inflammation, pain, diabetes, allergy, asthma, bronchitis, amoebiasis, dermatitis, and cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Acacia arabica is also found to be efficient in infection caused by bacterial, fungus, and protozoa. In this present review, our sincere efforts have been given to summarize the various biological active ingredients of Acacia arabica and their pharmacological effects reported by different researchers.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL SHAMPOO CONTAINING EXTRACT OF HIBISCUS, HOLY BASIL AND FENUGREEK
Authors: Bhat Vishnu , Kumar Ravi , . Azeena , Siraj Farnaaz Baji , Raja Lamiya , Jain Sandeep Kumar
Published: January 2022

Shampoos has primarily been products that are intended to cleanse the hair and scalp. Herbal preparations always functional and have good activity and very minimal or no adverse effects on performance with synthetic. This study intended to prepare/ formulate and evaluate a complete herbal shampoo containing plant materials used only traditionally. The herbal shampoo prepared containing aqueous extracts of petals of Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), leaves of Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) and dried leaves of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) prepared by decoction method individually. Various physicochemical parameters such as color, clarity, pH and skin irritability, viscosity, surface tension, foaming ability and stability, and stability studies were studied using suitable procedures. The organoleptic evaluations of the polyherbal shampoo showed good results. The pH of the polyherbal shampoo range to be 5, which was near to skin pH. The viscosity of prepared polyherbal shampoo was found to be 0.0696 poise. The surface tension of prepared polyherbal shampoo was found to be 34.1 dynes/cm respectively.
Modelling by Simulations Monte Carlo of First Historical Zika Outbreak in Salta, Argentina, Occurred in 2017
Authors: Rosales Juan Carlos , Aparicio Juan Pablo , Quintana Pablo , Herrera Celeste , Abad Betina
Published: January 2022

Scopes and Objectives: We analyzed some aspects of the first historical outbreak of Zika that occurred in Salta, Argentina, in the year 2017. We obtained elementary estimates, such as the prevalence ratio and describe the probabilistic behavior of the outbreak by simulation of type Monte Carlo.

Study Design: Retrospective-descriptive studies and stochastic computational experiment analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Exact Sciences. National University of Salta, Argentina, from December 2020 to September 2021.

Methodology: Descriptive and computational experiment analysis. Estimates of parameters and Simulation of type Monte Carlo.

Results: We describe the probabilistic behavior through Monte Carlo simulation of the first historical outbreak of Zika in Salta Argentina, 2017. Based on the data of registered Zika cases, we estimate a probabilistic model for it. We also spatially describe the outbreak by estimating the prevalence ratio. Finally, by computational experiment we generate epidemic outbreaks with 10, 20 and 30 runs, determining the intrinsic growth rate and estimating the basic reproductive number R0 for a generation time that takes into account both man and mosquito. We find that the estimates are significantly affected for the simulation type factor of 10 runs. The computational experiment shows that the descriptions of the outbreak and the estimates of R0 obtained, if the number of repetitions of the experiment corresponds to 20 and 30 runs, are qualitatively acceptable.
Recovery Degree in Pediatric Patients with Antecedent Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Mexico
Authors: Rivera Sujey Araceli Zurita , Vidal Jose Alfredo Vidal , Gonzalez Froylan Eduardo Hernandez Lara , Martinez Patricia Zagoya , Hernandez Jose Felix Urbina , Lemus Francisco Tinoco , Dávila Rosario Ponce , Austria Atalia Saraí Ruíz , Reyes Emma Juanita Carbajal , Reyes Ivonne Juarez , Camacho Carolina Contreras , López Manuel Alejandro Resendiz , Medina Angel Ramon Saucedo
Published: January 2022

Aims: To determine the recovery degree in pediatric patients with antecedent severe traumatic brain injury.

Study Design: Prospective, analytical and relational.

Place and Duration of Study: Pediatrics Intensive Care Area of ​​the “Hospital para el Niño Poblano” from March 2014 to February 2015.

Methodology: Patients aged 2 to 192 months, both sexes, with antecedent severe traumatic brain injury. The degree of recovery was determined with the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at hospital discharge and one year after. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used data analysis.

Results: The study consisted of 23 patients, of which 69.56% were men. The mean age was 73.17±50.33 months. The predominant age group was middle childhood (34.78%). The main mechanism of injury was run over by a vehicle (39.13%). The group of toddler remained hospitalized for 17.50±8.58 days. Moreover, GOS at hospital discharge (p=0.391) and at one year (p=0.789) was not associated with sex. Additionally, an association of GOS at hospital discharge was found with GOS at one year of care (p=0.003), with greater improvement being observed, in those cases with less initial damage brain.

Conclusion: The degree of recovery at one year after hospital discharge in pediatric patients with antecedent severe traumatic brain injury is associated with the degree of recovery at hospital discharge. Middle childhood, being the group at greatest risk. The complications can reduce the recovery of the patient. Rehabilitation therapy provided by the public health services and the family is of vital importance.
Analysis of Vegetative and Generative Characters of Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae) Populations
Authors: Huseinović Samira , Bektić Sanida , Mirsada Kovačević , Besim Salkić
Published: January 2022

Rose family (Rosaceae) is one of  richest and most geographically widespread species of plant families. This family includes herbaceous and woody species, shrubs, and trees; the leaves are different, simple, or differently complex. The genus Fragaria (strawberry) includes perennial herbaceous plants. It is characteristic of this genus that the species are intensively vegetatively propagated using overhead stolons. The flowers are with a five-membered perianth and a developed outer cup. The flower has a larger number of anthers and carpels. A sample was taken at each site at least 30 individuals from the population in the flowering and fruiting phenophase. Morphological variability was assessed based on 5 populations and 150 individuals. This paper aims to determine the most variable and most consistent morphological characters that can serve in full and critical taxonomic analysis and revision of this variable taxon as well as related taxa from the family Rosaceae. Determine the forms and levels of individual, population, and interpopulation variability of the species Fragaria vesca L. depending on the environmental factors under which develop. Conducted comparative morphological analyzes have shown that the species Fragaria vesca L. shows a high degree of variability for all analyzed characters. Vegetative plant characters have a far greater share in overall variability compared to generative ones character. Pold does not belong to the group of those plant parts that vary the most.
Accuracy in the Dimension of Extracted Tooth with Intraoral Periapical Radiograph: A Comparative Study
Authors: Nambiar Akshay , Sequeira Joyce P.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Because of its simplicity, cheaper cost, lower radiation exposure, and easy availability in a dental clinical setting, intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPAR) are frequently utilised for preoperative planning and evaluation for most minor oral surgical procedures.

Aim: The Aim of this study is to Assess the Accuracy and Reliability of Intraoral Periapical Radiograph with the extracted teeth.

Methodology: The study is comprised of 54 patients. For each extracted tooth, the actual measurements for tooth length will be measured with a Vernier caliper with a least count of 0.01mm. After obtaining the actual length of the tooth with the Vernier Caliper, the Length of the tooth will be measured from the Intraoral Periapical Radiograph using a Vernier caliper.

Results: By comparing the length of the actual tooth with that of an IOPAR, it was found out that the difference that was obtained is statistically significant.

Conclusion: There is significant overestimation in the dimension of the tooth.
Endometriosis in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Chimegave Anjali , Mahajan Kalyani
Published: January 2022

There is functional endometrial tissue anywhere other than the uterine cavity and uterine mucosa with a penchant for infiltration and invasion. It is labeled as endometriosis. It is a chronic inflammatory condition. It can occur anywhere, but the most common site is the ovary. It is also labeled as endometrioma or Chocolate cyst. Other common sites for endometriosis are the pouch of Douglas (POD), posterior leaf of the broad ligament, uterosacral ligament, fallopian tube. Barin is the least common site for Endometriosis. Endometriosis is never seen in the spleen. This condition, which impacts 10–15 percent of women of childbearing age, is characterized by pelvic pain and infertility. Dysmenorrhoea, adnexal mass, and infertility are the classical triad of clinical features. This classical triad is mainly seen in the women of childbearing age but can also be seen in the women after menopause. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent condition that tends to go away on its own or after surgery.  It tends to regress after menopause because it is an estrogen-dependent condition. Endometriosis is associated with cellular and humoral immunity also. Impaired immune function may contribute to the development of endometriosis. Despite this, up to 2.2 percent of women after menopause are affected. Endometriosis in postmenopausal women is seen mainly after elevated systemic estrogen concentrations or excess exogenous estrogen intake. In most women, symptomatic endometriosis after menopause begins more than ten years after menopause in the absence of elevated systemic estrogen concentrations or exogenous estrogen intake. This is necessary to understand the pathophysiology and management of endometriosis after menopause.
Dextromethorphan Use in the Outpatient Department
Authors: Menshawy Menshawy A. , Ahmed Nehad J. , Alrizqi Abdullah A. , Alhuthali Bander A. , Alghamdi Ibrahim A. , Alghamdi Saleh
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study was conducted to describe the use of dextromethorphan in the outpatient department. 

Methodology: This is a retrospective study that involves evaluating electronic prescriptions for dextromethorphan among outpatients in a public hospital in Alkharj.

Results: During the study period, 348 patients received dextromethorphan. Most of them were females and the age of more than half of them was between 20 and 39 years. Most of the patients used dextromethorphan for 5 days (63.51%) and about 30% of patients used it for 7 days. Most of the prescriptions were written by emergency department (93.97%).

Conclusion: The present study showed that dextromethorphan was commonly prescribed in the outpatient setting in Al-Kharj. Furthermore, more studies are needed to explore the appropriateness of its use.
Management of Obstetrics and Gynecological Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Heda Arjun , Sharma Sapna , Singam Arpita Jaiswal , Achary Neema , Dutta Shaina
Published: January 2022

Since December 2019, the Coronavirus illness, commonly known as COVID19, has quickly spread from Wuhan, China. The first COVID-19 patient was identified in Italy on February 20, 2020, and developed respiratory failure, prompting hospitalization to the critical care unit (ICU). For more than a year, the highly contagious and lethal coronavirus illness has been causing havoc on the earth. It has progressed to a pandemic level affecting the lives of millions around the globe. The condition can afflict anybody, and there is currently no definitive treatment. Pregnant women do not appear to be more susceptible to infection than the general population. On the other hand, pregnant women have a different immune system and a stronger overall response to viral infections, which could lead to more severe symptoms in some cases, such as COVID-19. COVID-19 presents a minimal overall risk to expecting moms. On the other hand, pregnancy increases the chance of COVID-19-related severe illness and fatality. On the other hand, pregnant women may be more susceptible to serious, potentially fatal respiratory illnesses. Furthermore, research shows that maternal-fetal transfer occurs via contact with respiratory secretions, excluding transmission in the womb. As a result, the best way to manage breastfeeding is uncertain, and the infant may need to be isolated from the mother for a short time. Finally, because healthcare providers are at a higher risk of infection during birth, further measures must be followed along with a proper management and care plan of both the mother and the health care provider.
Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locoregionally Advanced Oral Cancers
Authors: Baretha Vinay Nandlal , Bagawan M. B. , Kshirsagar Ashok
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: Oral-carcinoma is one of the most common cancer world-wide. Its treatment in advanced conditions to increase the survival rate is a major concern. This study was aimed at assessing the use of neoadjuvant cancer therapy (NACT) for improving the operability in non-operable patients with advanced oral carcinoma (T4b and N3 disease) and to observe easier resection in T4a disease.

Methodology: This prospective study included total 40 patients with advanced oral carcinoma (T4a, T4b, and N3 stages), who were administered with NACT- Cisplatin (80 mg/m2) over 2 days and 5-fluorouracil (750 mg/m2) for 4 days along with hydration and antiemetics (3 cycles for every 4 weeks) and later, if resectable, will be taken for the surgery . Follow up of patients (6 months) was advised to assess recurrence if any. Chi-square test was performed to analyze the association of NACT with resectability and operability in patients. Histopathological examination was done to see for extent and margns status post surgery. Non operable cases were given palliative radiotherapy and symptomatic treatment.

Results: Patients displayed T4a (70%), T4b (30%), and N3 (15%)stages of oral cancer. Stable disease was observed in 57.5% of patients, indicating its importance in cancer treatment. Easier resection was observed in 67.85% i.e. 19 patients. Significant association of locoregionally advanced oral cancer (T4a, T4b and N3 disease) with respectability (P=0.012) and operability (P=0.001) after NACT was observed. The most common adverse events observed during NACT were nausea/vomiting (28.3%), neutropenia (11.66%), diarrhea (8.33%), and anemia (3.33%).

Conclusion: Easier resection in 67.85% cases among operable group seen and 50% of cases among non operable group became operable. Further studies on its profound use in oral squamous cell carcinoma can help reduce morbidity and increase the survival rate.
Age Wise Social Impact of COVID-19: Covering All Aspects of Life
Authors: Jindal Dhruv , Bhole Shreyash
Published: January 2022

The Coronavirus infection has drastically modified and converted the lives of innumerable members of the general population and has affected every aspect of life in significant way.  Worldwide closure and precautionary procedure and actions have separated the humans, counterfeit the world wealth, and restricted access to physical and psychological medical management.  These precautions may be compulsory to keep down the unroll of the infection, the gloomy effects of physical, mental, and communal aspects are noticeable. The COVID19 infection has dramatically modified the lives of countless members of the overall population, significantly affecting all aspects of life. This study aims to analyse existing research on the consequences of the COVID19 pandemic and canopy the wide-ranging effects of the pandemic on one platform. This study aims to review the existing research on the wide-ranging impact of pandemic onto one platform under four categories- children, youth, adults and older people for the future uses. Issues covered under these categories are given below:-   

Impact on children- This study will cover matters such as child sexual abuse, effect on people with disability, effect on routine immunizations and a child’s perspective towards illness.                                                                                

Impact on youth- This study will cover matters like online learning difficulties and learning loss, effect on sports, and technological impact.

Impact on adults- This study will cover issues such as increased rate of unemployment, divorce, Effect on sexual life and parenting difficulties.

Impact on older people- This study will cover concerns like loneliness, age discrimination, decreased social life and social interactions, difficulties in accessing technological services, sleep disturbances, decreased exercise, and fear of death.
Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Risk Profile: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Laishram Deema Devi , Jadhav Ulhas
Published: January 2022

Psoriasis is an inflammatory immune-mediated, chronic skin disease with many co-morbidities involving complex pathogenic interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems. In people living with psoriasis, there is an increased probability of having other health conditions such as cardiovascular illnesses. A growing number of studies show that classic risk factors which lead to cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndromes are common in psoriasis patients, leading to a more significant cardiovascular burden. The present article aims to synthesize what is known in the literature concerning the epidemiological and clinical data relating to cardiovascular risk factors and psoriasis. The many pathophysiological mechanisms which justify this association for stratification of the risk profile in psoriatic patients are also reviewed, along with the implementation of different cardiovascular prevention strategies. The benefits and drawbacks of the numerous therapies frequently used to prevent cardiovascular diseases and analyze specific psoriasis medications that impact risk factors of cardiovascular illnesses or the significant arterial events in psoriasis patients. The detailed assessment of the various cardiovascular risk profiles in psoriasis patients has been discussed profoundly. Also, the several mechanisms involving the inflammatory cytokines released from the cells during inflammation, especially in dyslipidemia, atherogenic process resulting in plaque formation, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and even the efficacy of statins, have been reviewed from the sources of different articles published in different parts of the world.
Effects of Coronavirus on Human Cardiovascular System
Authors: Puri Bhagyesh , Damke Smita
Published: January 2022

SARS-CoV-2 has many biological traits, the pathogenic virus that caused the acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2002. Clinical investigations have also discovered a link between CORONAVIRUS and cardiovascular illness. The coronavirus disease is caused by binding the viral spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. It has spread around the world, affecting millions and millions of people. CORONAVIRUS looks to be connected to even worse results and an elevated risk of mortality in individuals before cardiovascular illness, even though CORONAVIRUS can cause myocardial damage, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, and venous thromboembolism. Possible drug-disease interactions are becoming more concern for individuals with CORONAVIRUS and associated cardiac and vascular esses. By integrating our expertise of the virus's genetic makeups with clinical findings, we can better grasp the possible processes causing CO VID-19. This might pave the door for creating medicinal and pharmaceutical products. Pulmonary embolism is one of the most common acquired conditions in generalized hospitalized patients but an uncommon finding in patients with Covid. It has a penchant for thrombosis fueled by at least two separate yet interconnected processes i)A state of hypercoagulability and is Large vessel thrombosis and thromboembolism. ii)Direct vascular and endovascular damage. In situ microvascular thrombosis is caused by endothelial damage.PE can be presented in patients admitted to the ICU despite standard prophylactic anticoagulation. Deep vein thrombosis is present in significant cases of PE.
Complimentary Food Practices in Rural Areas (6 Months to 1 Year)
Authors: Borkar Samidha , Vagha Jayant
Published: January 2022

Background: Diet is defined as nutritionally adequate & appropriate intake of food items that also provide the required energy & protein intake by ensuring proper growth and development. Adequate nutrition of the infants & child is essential. Complementary needed practices are included apart from breast milk to meet one's needs. A balanced diet is defined as nutritionally adequate & appropriate intake of food items that also provide energy and protein.

Methods: A cross-sectional/observational study is to be conducted by taking approval to meet one’s need; complimentary food practices are included apart from breast milk, from the ethical committee which includes multigravida women as study participants PNC, PEDS ward, AVBRH. The data of sample size is recorded, tabulated analyzed.

Results: As many as 43.33% of the mother from the study group has started weaning practices before six months of age. Whereas the standard complementary feeding practices is Dal pain (66.66%) followed by mashed roti/bread (60%) furthermore Dalia (53.33%). The no meals per day were three meals by 36.66% of participants. The typical food being Dal pani, a thin gruel, with most of the participants starting weaning

Conclusion: Poor complementary feeding practices are observed in a rural typica e comisfood is Dal pani, a thin gruel, with most participants starting weaning before 6 months of age.
The Perception of Attitude as a Factor that Affect Professionalism among General Physicians of Primary Health Care Centers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tahtouh Fatimah Ibrahim , Hanash Abdulbari Ahmed , Tahtouh Mohammed Ibrahim , Tahtouh Esmahan Ibrahim , Ahmad Razia Aftab
Published: January 2022

Background: Medical professionalism is considered, in modern clinical practice as the basis of the social contract between physicians and their society. It encompasses a wide range of values such as altruism, accountability, excellence, duty, service, honor, integrity, and respect for others. It has been researched extensively in the Western world, but only a dearth of studies exist in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 157 physicians working in primary health care centers in Abha and Khamis-Mushayt cities of Saudi Arabia. The study tool was a self-addressed validated questionnaire.

Results: Participants in the study were 157 general physicians, of whom 63.7% were males. The Saudis were 84.1%. The mean of experience of work in years was 3.5 years. Only, 50.3% had training in medical professionalism training, whereas 49.7% did not receive any training in professionalism (the mean number of training sessions was 3.1). The mean score of professionalism was 109.1 (out of a potential total of 130 points). Participants with High professionalism were 49%, while 49.7% were found to have moderate professionalism, and only 1.3%, was with poor professionalism. Factors related to a significantly positive association with professional behavior were; higher age, being married, being non-Saudi, higher qualifications (like Diploma/MSc), increased practice experience, and professional training one is involved in.

Conclusion: The participant physicians reported high levels of professional behavior. However, there is a need to focus on addressing job satisfaction factors to improve participants’ practice attitude and subsequently increase professionalism.
Percussion in Cardiovascular Examination of a Tombstone
Authors: Malvi Abhinav , Acharya Sourya
Published: January 2022

The growing abundance of technology in the medical field has led to doctors' sensory de-skilling. Technology is seen replacing the clinical diagnosis based on sensory perception. Percussion as a skill has been lost from clinical practice. Though percussion disappeared from wards, it is still taught in medical colleges. Percussion is a very vital component in the bedside examination of the patient. Auenbrugger first thought of tapping the chest of patients to determine the cardiac size, borders, and presence of pericardial fluid, its extent, and related pathologies. Percussion used to be a critical component of clinical heart disease evaluation. There was rapid advancement of technology in the last century. With the introduction of technology in the medical field, diagnosing and treating disorders and diseases have significantly improved. Percussion can be a valuable bedside aid in determining the cardiac size, borders and to find the presence and extent of pericardial fluid. Cardiac percussion is not just tapping the chest and hearing the sound produced, it is also feeling the touch and observing the vibrations produced noting the tone, thus percussion takes a considerable amount of time, practice and a mindset to master as a clinical skill. Thus teaching the correct way to percuss right from the initial years in the medical school is extremely necessary. With proper knowledge and experience cardiac percussion can prove to be a beneficial tool in specific cardiac pathologies.
Effect of Vitamin-D on COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Padode Aditi , Keche Harsha
Published: January 2022

Vitamin-D deficiency is a common yet understated problem. A number of people are at a risk of its deficiency while many others go undetected with the deficiency. The novel corona virus, an RNA virus, has run its rampant course across the globe affecting millions for the worse. COVID-19, a disease caused as a result of the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has shown to produce severe lower respiratory symptoms. This has so far resulted into a reported death count of more than 4.9 million worldwide. More than 4.5 lacs were affected in India. COVID-19 affects numerous other organs such as the liver, brain, kidney and heart. Dosage of Vitamin-D regularly, during the treatment and as a pre-emptive measure have all shown to reduce respiratory tract inflammation. Low plasma 25(OH)D levels appear to be an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization. Administration of a large dose of Calcifediol or what is also known as 25-hydroxyVitamin-D , a main metabolite of the Vitamin-D  endocrine system, noticeably lessened the need for ICU treatment of patients requiring hospitalization after being tested positive for COVID-19. Elevated levels of Vitamin-D in body could decrease the length of hospital stays and reduce the intensity of the COVID 19 infection.  In many COVID-19 patients the T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) levels are found to be low. These low levels  can be elevated by Vitamin-D  supplementation. Low levels of Vitamin-D  have also been associated with increased inflammatory cytokines and a noticeably increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. While further large-scale studies are required to provide concrete answers, the severity of the disease has been shown to be reduced and Vitamin-D  can potentially be used as a supplementary treatment against Covid-19 and also as a precaution against the same. These results are significant and should not be ignored.
Topical Hydrocortisone Use in the Outpatient Department
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alsubaie Mohamed R. , Almutairi Abdullah T.
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study aimed to describe the use of topical hydrocortisone in the outpatient department in Alkharj.

Methodology: This was a retrospective study that included reviewing the electronic prescriptions of topical hydrocortisone among outpatients in Alkharj. The inclusion criteria included all of the outpatient prescriptions that contained topical hydrocortisone in the study period.

Results: During the study period between January 2018 to June 2018, 196 patients received topical hydrocortisone. More than 52% of the patients were males and the age of 31.63% of them was less than 10 years. Most of the patients received topical hydrocortisone as a cream (87.76%). Most of the prescriptions that contained topical hydrocortisone were written by residents (98.98%) and most of the prescriptions that contained topical hydrocortisone were written by emergency department (70.41%).

Conclusion: The present study showed that topical hydrocortisone was prescribed commonly in the outpatient setting. More studies are needed to explore the frequency of topical hydrocortisone prescribing in other settings and to explore the frequency of using other topical medications in different settings.
Psychological Status of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Awad Feras Abdullah , Aldhamen Hawraa Mohammed , Alghamdi Abdullah Ali , Alwakeel Abdulaziz Abdulkhaliq , Aldhamen Kawthar Mohammed , Alafghani Lina Adel , Alzahrani Khames T. , Alwabel Abdulmajeed , Barabie Samaher , Alharthi Ahames , Omar Baraa
Published: January 2022

Background: The 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting the lower respiratory tract that is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2). It has caused psychological stress on people around the world, particularly those in the medical field. The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of anxiety, depression, burnout, and the sources of anxiety among healthcare workers (HCW) in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. To determine the coping strategies of HCWs in dealing with mental health issues that may affect them during the pandemic.

Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2020 to November 2021 in Saudi Arabia. A Total of 260 HCW of both genders who are working in private and governmental hospitals were selected. However, non-healthcare workers such as technicians, administrators, clerical staff and maintenance workers were excluded.

Results: A total of 260 HCWs 98 (37.7%) doctors, 27 (10.4%) nurses, 6 (2.3%) pharmacists, 5(1.9%) physiotherapists, 113(43.5%) interns and 11 (4.2%) others, of whom 127 (48.8%) were male and 133 (51.2%) were female. The majority of participants aged from 20-29 years old 205 (78.5%), followed by 30-39 years old 26 (10%), 40-49 years old 18(6.9%), and 50-59 years old 10(3.8%), and 70-79 years old 1(0.4%). Around 42(16.2%) HCWs were working in ER, 82(31.5%) in wards, 83(31.9%) in outpatient clinics, 15(5.8%) were working in both wards and outpatient clinics, 6 (2.3%) in ICU and around 32(12.3%) in all demographics.

Conclusion: The results of this study illustrated the burden of psychological problems among different healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that all health care workers (HCWs) were affected by varying degrees severity of anxiety and depression, insomnia and complaining from cardiovascular symptoms.
Transnational displacement by short‐term rentals in Japan’s depopulating society: Dilemma between rent gap emergence and inbound tourist accommodations
Authors: Kondo Tamiyo , Miyamae Saki
Published: January 2022

The influence of the so‐called “Airbnb effect” on local housing markets has grown into a global concern for affordability crisis, gentrification, and displacement. We analyzed the impacts of short‐term rental (STR) on the rental housing market and explored the relative factors for the rent gaps in Tokyo and Osaka: two major metropolitan areas in Japan. This research builds upon the rent gap theory by Neil Smith and clarifies the rent gaps by following previous work. Our results demonstrate that landlords in Osaka, more depopulated with unoccupied housings, have already removed a significant number of residential rental units from the housing market, and those of Tokyo, less depopulated with less unoccupied housings, is likely to evict their tenants to shift more profitable touristic short‐term rentals when their long‐term rentals’ rent revenue decreases. We concluded that the rent gaps affected by the depopulated societal context require tougher limits on touristic short‐term rentals to mitigate “transnational displacement.” The future of community livability depends upon municipalities’ ordinance as well as their strategies: how to leverage unoccupied housing to survive an era of shrinking economy.
Electrochemical Corrosion Investigations on Binary and Ternary Zinc Alloy Coatings using Gel Electrolytes
Authors: Babutzka Martin , Grabowski Sven , Sahrhage Holger , Lampke Thomas
Published: January 2022

Novel agar‐based test electrolytes are used to perform electrochemical corrosion investigations on ZnFe and ZnNi binary as well as ZnFeMo ternary zinc coatings. The objectives of the electrochemical investigations include the characterization of the corrosion behavior, the description of the protective effect of the coatings as well as the investigation of the layer formation and degradation under artificial aging. ZnFe and ZnFeMo coatings are applied with varying iron content as well as an additional passivation layer, respectively, to study the effect on corrosion resistance. The results show that the protective effect of the coatings is not negatively influenced by different iron contents or the addition of molybdenum. Additional passivation of the ZnFe‐containing coatings by means of a passivating agent leads to a significant improvement in the protective effect. Artificial aging leads to a slight degradation of the additional passivation layer whereas coatings without post‐treatment enhance their protective effect by the formation of corrosion product layers.
Underwater Energy Harvesting and Sensing by Sweeping Out the Charges in an Electric Double Layer using an Oil Droplet
Authors: Qin Huaifang , Xu Liang , Lin Shiquan , Zhan Fei , Dong Kai , Han Kai , Wang Huamei , Feng Yawei , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: January 2022

As an emerging technology for energy harvesting and distributed power supply, triboelectric nanogenerators are mainly based on a dielectric capacitive structure. Here, a new mechanism by introducing an oil phase into a water–solid interface is demonstrated for energy harvesting based on electric double layer (EDL) capacitance. Through squeezing and releasing oil droplets on a dielectric surface in water environment, charge transfer is observed in the back electrode accompanying the movement of the oil–water–solid three‐phase line. The charge transfer is mainly attributed to the effect that the oil phase sweeps away ions near the dielectric surface in the EDL due to the discrepancy of EDL between water–solid and oil–solid interfaces. Under the water environment, the device is shown to be capable of direct energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing without costly packaging. As a new working mode relying on EDL, it allows developing nanogenerators adaptive to severe environments even underwater with low friction and wear, and narrowing the gap between energy harvesting devices and electro‐chemical devices. Through further enhanced EDL, it is reasonable to anticipate devices with an ultrahigh charge density comparable with EDL super capacitors, opening up an avenue toward new nanogenerators with overwhelming performance for practical applications ranging from blue energy harvesting to electro‐catalysis.
Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: 3D Architecture
Authors: Jia Zian , Deng Zhifei , Li Ling
Published: January 2022

Biomineralized materials are sophisticated material systems with hierarchical 3D material architectures, which are broadly used as model systems for fundamental mechanical, materials science, and biomimetic studies. The current knowledge of the structure of biological materials is mainly based on 2D imaging, which often impedes comprehensive and accurate understanding of the materials’ intricate 3D microstructure and consequently their mechanics, functions, and bioinspired designs. The development of 3D techniques such as tomography, additive manufacturing, and 4D testing has opened pathways to study biological materials fully in 3D. This review discusses how applying 3D techniques can provide new insights into biomineralized materials that are either well known or possess complex microstructures that are challenging to understand in the 2D framework. The diverse structures of biomineralized materials are characterized based on four universal structural motifs. Nacre is selected as an example to demonstrate how the progression of knowledge from 2D to 3D can bring substantial improvements to understanding the growth mechanism, biomechanics, and bioinspired designs. State‐of‐the‐art multiscale 3D tomographic techniques are discussed with a focus on their integration with 3D geometric quantification, 4D in situ experiments, and multiscale modeling. Outlook is given on the emerging approaches to investigate the synthesis–structure–function–biomimetics relationship.
Recent Development and Applications of Advanced Materials via Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Tsang Alpha Chi Him , Zhang Jintao , Hui Kwun Nam , Hui Kwan San , Huang Haibao
Published: January 2022

Direct ink writing (DIW), a type of extrusion‐based 3D printing method, enables the rapid design and building of size‐ and shape‐scalable 3D structures in a low‐cost and green manner without the need for specific size reactors and secondary substrates compared to traditional synthesis methods. Coupling the use of sol‐gel inks with optimized rheological properties (elastoviscosity and shear stress) and a wide range of nanomaterials enhances the mechanical and electrical conductivity of printed products. In this review, the recent development in DIW methods, critical requirements for printable DIW inks, and applications of DIW‐printed products in medical, energy storage, and environmental treatment are reviewed. A perspective outlook associated with limitations from current DIW research is proposed for the breakthrough development of such technology in the future.
High Quality Inkjet Printed‐Emissive Nanocrystalline Perovskite CsPbBr3 Layers for Color Conversion Layer and LEDs Applications
Authors: Vescio Giovanni , Frieiro Juan Luis , Gualdrón‐Reyes Andrés F. , Hernández Sergi , Mora‐Seró Iván , Garrido Blas , Cirera Albert
Published: January 2022

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have shown outstanding optical emissive properties and can be employed in several optoelectronics devices. In contrast with materials of well‐established technologies, which are prone to degradation or require expensive processes, MHPs can be obtained by solution processing methods and increase stability. Inkjet printing is proposed as an industrial friendly technique to deposit MHPs. The inks have been developed from colloidal CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and printing procedures that allow the deposition of thin layers with intense green emission. High emissive printed layers are assured by carrying out thermal annealing in vacuum oven, which is demonstrated to promote compact layers with low roughness, corroborated by SEM and AFM. XRD measurements show CsPbBr3 crystalline layers with cubic symmetry and XPS provides insight into the stoichiometric composition and local bonding. Optical properties of inkjet‐printed CsPbBr3 films have been analyzed by UV–vis absorbance and photoluminescence (PL), to extract the bandgap energy and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). CsPbBr3 printed layers emit at 524 nm with a narrow emission (FWHM ≈ 15 nm), exhibiting a PLQY up to 20%. These results enabled the large‐scale fabrication by inkjet printing of CsPbBr3 color conversion layers (CCLs) and pave the way for flexible LEDs.
Modeling and Characterization of the Passive Bending Stiffness of Nanoparticle‐Coated Sperm Cells using Magnetic Excitation
Authors: Dias João M. S. , Estima Daniel , Punte Harmen , Klingner Anke , Marques Lino , Magdanz Veronika , Khalil Islam S. M.
Published: January 2022

Of all the various locomotion strategies in low‐, traveling‐wave propulsion methods with an elastic tail are preferred because they can be developed using simple designs and fabrication procedures. The only intrinsic property of the elastic tail that governs the form and rate of wave propagation along its length is the bending stiffness. Such traveling wave motion is performed by spermatozoa, which possess a tail that is characterized by intrinsic variable stiffness along its length. In this paper, the passive bending stiffness of the magnetic nanoparticle‐coated flagella of bull sperm cells is measured using a contactless electromagnetic‐based excitation method. Numerical elasto‐hydrodynamic models are first developed to predict the magnetic excitation and relaxation of nanoparticle‐coated nonuniform flagella. Then solutions are provided for various groups of nonuniform flagella with disparate nanoparticle coatings that relate their bending stiffness to their decay rate after the magnetic field is removed and the flagellum restores its original configuration. The numerical models are verified experimentally, and capture the effect of the nanoparticle coating on the bending stiffness. It is also shown that electrostatic self‐assembly enables arbitrarily magnetizable cellular segments with variable stiffness along the flagellum. The bending stiffness is found to depend on the number and location of the magnetized cellular segments.