bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On parabolic measures and subparabolic functions
Authors: Wu Jang Mei G.
Published: July 2010

Let D be a domain in

R
x
n

×

R
t
1

R_x^n \, \times \, R_t^1

and

∂
p

D

{\partial _p}D

be the parabolic boundary of D. Suppose

∂
p

D

{\partial _p}D

is composed of two parts B and S: B is given locally by

t
=
τ

t = \tau

and S is given locally by the graph of

x
n

=
f
(

x
1

,

x
2

,
⋯
,

x

n
−
1

,
t
)

{x_n} = f({x_1},{x_2}, \cdots ,{x_{n - 1}},t)

where f is Lip 1 with respect to the local space variables and Lip

1
2

\tfrac {1} {2}

with respect to the universal time variable. Let

σ
\sigma

be the n-dimensional Hausdorff measure in

R

n
+
1

{R^{n + 1}}

and

σ
′

\sigma ’

be the

(
n
−
1
)

(n - 1)

-dimensional Hausdorff measure in

R

n

{\textbf {R}^n}

. And let
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d m left-parenthesis upper E right-parenthesis equals d sigma left-parenthesis upper E intersection upper B right-parenthesis plus d sigma Superscript prime Baseline times d t left-parenthesis upper E intersection upper S right-parenthesis">

d
m
(
E
)
=
d
σ
(
E
∩
B
)
+
d

σ
′

×
d
t
(
E
∩
S
)

dm(E) = d\sigma (E \cap B) + d{\sigma ’} \times dt(E \cap S)

for

E
⊆

∂
p

D

E \subseteq {\partial _p}D

. We study (i) the relation between the parabolic measure on

∂
p

D

{\partial _p}D

and the measure dm on

∂
p

D

{\partial _p}D

and (ii) the boundary behavior of subparabolic functions on D.
The Littlewood-Paley theory for Jacobi expansions
Authors: Connett William C. , Schwartz Alan L.
Published: July 2010

The machinery for harmonic analysis utilizing Jacobi polynomial expansions is developed using the explicit form of the convolution kernel discovered by Gasper. Various maximal functions, and the standard Littlewood-Paley functionals are studied and an application is given to multiplier theorems.
On Castelnuovo’s inequality for algebraic curves. I
Authors: Accola Robert D. M.
Published: July 2010

Let

W
p

{W_p}

be a Riemann surface of genus p admitting a simple linear series

g
n
r

g_n^r

where

n

=

m
(
r
−
1
)

+

q
,

q

=

2
,

3
,
.
.
.
,

r
−
1

n\, =\, m(r - 1)\, +\, q,\,\, q\, =\, 2,\,3,...,\,r - 1

, or r. Castelnuovo’s inequality states that (1)
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="2 p less-than-or-slanted-equals 2 f left-parenthesis r comma n comma 1 right-parenthesis equals m left-parenthesis m minus 1 right-parenthesis left-parenthesis r minus 1 right-parenthesis plus 2 m left-parenthesis q minus 1 right-parenthesis">

2
p

⩽

2
f
(
r
,
n
,
1
)

=

m
(
m
−
1
)
(
r
−
1
)

+

2
m
(
q
−
1
)

2p\, \leqslant \, 2f(r,n,1)\, =\, m(m - 1)(r - 1)\, +\, 2m(q - 1)

. By further work of Castelnuovo, equality in (1) and

q

>

r

q\, >\, r

implies that

W
p

{W_p}

admits a plane model of degree

n

−

r

+

2

n\, -\, r\, +\, 2

with

r

−

2

r\, -\, 2

m-fold singularities and one

(
n

−

r

+

1

−

m
)

(n\, -\, r\, +\, 1\, -\, m)

-fold singularity. Formula (1) generalizes as follows. Suppose

W
p

{W_p}

admits s simple linear series

g
n
r

g_n^r

where

n

=

m
(
r
s
−
1
)

+

q

n\, =\, m(rs - 1)\, +\, q

and

q
=
−
(
s
−
1
)
r
+
2
,

−
(
s
−
1
)
r
+
3
,
…
,
r
−
1

q = - (s - 1)r + 2,\, - (s - 1)r + 3,\ldots ,r - 1

, or r. For q consider the cases

v
=
0
,
1
,
…
,
s
−
1

v = 0,1,\ldots ,s - 1

as follows: case

v

=

0
:
2
⩽
q
⩽
r

v\, =\, 0:2 \leqslant q \leqslant r

, case

v
>
0
:
2
⩽
q
+
v
r
⩽
r
+
1

v > 0:2 \leqslant q + vr \leqslant r + 1

. Then (2)
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="2 p less-than-or-slanted-equals 2 f left-parenthesis r comma n comma s right-parenthesis equals m squared left-parenthesis r s squared minus s right-parenthesis plus m s left-parenthesis 2 q minus 1 minus r right-parenthesis minus v left-parenthesis v minus 1 right-parenthesis r minus 2 v left-parenthesis q minus 1 right-parenthesis">

2
p

⩽

2
f
(
r
,

n
,

s
)

=

m
2

(
r

s
2

−

s
)

+

m
s
(
2
q

−

1

−

r
)

−

v
(
v

−

1
)
r

−

2
v
(
q

−

1
)

2p \,\leqslant \, 2f(r,\,n,\,s)\, =\, {m^2}(r{s^2}\, -\, s) \,+\, ms(2q \,-\, 1\, -\, r)\, -\, v (v \, -\, 1)r\, -\, 2v (q \,-\, 1)

. Examples show that (2) is sharp. Finally, if

n

=

m
′

r

+

q
′

n\, = \,m’r\, + \,q’

,

q
′

=

1
,

2
,

…
,

r

−

1

q’\, = \,1,\,2,\, \ldots ,\,r\, - \,1

, or r and

W
p

{W_p}

admits

m
′

+

1

m’\, + \,1

simple

g
n

r

g_n^{r}

’s then (3)

2
p

⩽

2
f

(
r

+

1
,

n

+

1
,

1
)

=

m
′

(

m
′

−

1
)
r

+

2

m
′

q
′

2p\, \leqslant \,2f\,(r\, + \,1,\,n\, + \,1,\,1)\, = \,m’\,(m’\, - \,1)r\, + \,2m’\,q’\,

. Since

f
(
r
,

n
,

2
)

>

f
(
r
,

n
,

1
)

f(r,\,n,\,2)\, > \,f(r,\,n,\,1)

we obtain as a corollary: if

p

=

f
(
r
,

n
,

1
)

p\, = \,f(r,\,n,\,1)

then

W
p

{W_p}

admits at most one simple

g
n
r

g_n^r

.
On invariant operator ranges
Authors: Nordgren E. , Radjabalipour M. , Radjavi H. , Rosenthal P.
Published: July 2010

A matricial representation is given for the algebra of operators leaving a given dense operator range invariant. It is shown that every operator on an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space has an uncountable family of invariant operator ranges, any two of which intersect only in 0.
Natural endomorphisms of Burnside rings
Authors: Blass Andreas
Published: July 2010

The Burnside ring

B

(
G
)

\mathcal {B}(G)

of a finite group G consists of formal differences of finite G-sets.

B

\mathcal {B}

is a contravariant functor from finite groups to commutative rings. We study the natural endomorphisms of this functor, of its extension

Q

⊗

B

\textbf {Q} \otimes \mathcal {B}

to rational scalars, and of its restriction

B

↾

Ab

\mathcal {B} \upharpoonright {\text {Ab}}

to abelian groups. Such endomorphisms are canonically associated to certain operators that assign to each group one of its conjugacy classes of subgroups. Using these operators along with a carefully constructed system of linear congruences defining the image of

B

(
G
)

\mathcal {B}(G)

under its canonical embedding in a power of Z, we exhibit a multitude of natural endomorphisms of

B

\mathcal {B}

, we show that only two of them map G-sets to G-sets, and we completely describe all natural endomorphisms of

B

↾

Ab

\mathcal {B} \upharpoonright {\text {Ab}}

.
On sufficient conditions for harmonicity
Authors: Fenton P. C.
Published: July 2010

Suppose that u is continuous in the plane and that given any complex number z there is a number

ρ
=
ρ
(
z
)
>
0

\rho = \rho (z) > 0

such that

u
(
z
)
=

1

2
π

∫
0

2
π

u
(
z
+
ρ

e

i
θ

)

d
θ

\begin{equation} u(z) = \frac {1} {{2\pi }}\int _0^{2\pi } {u(z + \rho {e^{i\theta }})} d\theta \end{equation}

The main result is: if u possesses a harmonic majorant and

ρ
(
z
)

\rho (z)

is continuous and satisfies a further condition (which may not be omitted) then u is harmonic. Another result in the same vein is proved.
Differentiability of measures associated with parabolic equations on infinite-dimensional spaces
Authors: Piech M. Ann
Published: July 2010

The transition measures of the Brownian motion on manifolds modelled on abstract Wiener spaces locally correspond to fundamental solutions of certain infinite dimensional parabolic equations. We establish the existence of such fundamental solutions under a broad new set of hypotheses on the differential coefficients. The fundamental solutions can be approximated in total variation by fundamental solutions of “almost” finite dimensional parabolic equations. By the finite dimensional theory, the approximations are seen to be differentiable. We prove that the property of differentiability is closed under a particular type of sequential convergence, and conclude the differentiability of the fundamental solutions of the infinite dimensional parabolic equations. This result provides strong evidence in support of the conjecture that the transition measures of the Brownian motion are differentiable, and hence is of importance in the construction of infinite dimensional Laplace-Beltrami operators.
Dixmier’s representation theorem of central double centralizers on Banach algebras
Authors: Takahasi Sin-ei
Published: July 2010

The present paper is devoted to a representation theorem of central double centralizers on a complex Banach algebra with a bounded approximate identity. In particular, our result implies the representation theorem of the ideal center of an arbitrary

C
∗

{C^\ast }

-algebra established by J. Dixmier.
Dirichlet forms associated with hypercontractive semigroups
Authors: Hooton James G.
Published: July 2010

We exhibit a class of probability measures on

R

n

{\textbf {R}^n}

such that the associated Dirichlet form is represented by a selfadjoint operator A and such that

e

−
t
A

{e^{ - tA}}

is a hypercontractive semigroup of operators. The measures are of the form

d
μ

=

Ω
2

d
x

d\mu \, = \,{\Omega ^2}\,dx

where

Ω
\Omega

has classical first derivatives and

L
p

{L^p}

second derivatives, p determined by n.
The structure of supermanifolds
Authors: Batchelor Marjorie
Published: July 2010

The increasing recognition of Lie superalgebras and their importance in physics inspired a search to find an object, a “supermanifold", which would realize the geometry implicit in Lie superalgebras. This paper analyzes the structure of supermanifolds as defined by B. Kostant. The result is the following structure theorem. The Main Theorem. If E is a real vector bundle over the smooth manifold X, let

Λ
E

\Lambda E

be the associated exterior bundle and let

Γ
(
Λ
E
)

\Gamma (\Lambda E)

be the sheaf of sections of

Λ
E

\Lambda E

. Then every supermanifold over X is isomorphic to

Γ
(
Λ
E
)

\Gamma (\Lambda E)

for some vector bundle E over X. Although the vector bundle E is not unique but is determined only up to isomorphism, and the isomorphism guaranteed is not canonical, the existence of the isomorphism provides a base for a better understanding of geometry in the graded setting.
Optimal stochastic switching and the Dirichlet problem for the Bellman equation
Authors: Evans Lawrence C. , Friedman Avner
Published: July 2010

Let

L
i

{L^i}

be a sequence of second order elliptic operators in a bounded n-dimensional domain

Ω
\Omega

, and let

f
i

{f^i}

be given functions. Consider the problem of finding a solution u to the Bellman equation

sup
i

(

L
i

u

−

f
i

)

=

0

{\sup _i}({L^i}u\, - \,{f^i})\, = \,0

a.e. in

Ω
\Omega

, subject to the Dirichlet boundary condition

u

=

0

u\, = \,0

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

. It is proved that, provided the leading coefficients of the

L
i

{L^i}

are constants, there exists a unique solution u of this problem, belonging to
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper W Superscript 1 comma normal infinity Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Omega right-parenthesis intersection upper W Subscript loc Superscript 2 comma normal infinity Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Omega right-parenthesis">

W

1
,
∞

(
Ω
)

∩

W

loc

2
,
∞

(
Ω
)

{W^{1,\infty }}(\Omega )\, \cap \,W_{{\text {loc}}}^{2,\infty }(\Omega )

. The solution is obtained as a limit of solutions of certain weakly coupled systems of nonlinear elliptic equations; each component of the vector solution converges to u. Although the proof is entirely analytic, it is partially motivated by models of stochastic control. We solve also certain systems of variational inequalities corresponding to switching with cost.
Equivariant concordance of invariant knots
Authors: Stoltzfus Neal W.
Published: July 2010

The classification of equivariant concordance classes of high-dimensional codimension two knots invariant under a cyclic action, T, of order m has previously been reported on by Cappell and Shaneson [CS2]. They give an algebraic solution in terms of their algebraic k-theoretic

Γ
\Gamma

-groups. This work gives an alternative description by generalizing the well-known Seifert linking forms of knot theory to the equivariant case. This allows explicit algorithmic computations by means of the procedures and invariants of algebraic number theory (see the subsequent work [St], particularly Theorem 6.13). Following Levine [L3], we define bilinear forms on the middle-dimensional homology of an equivariant Seifert surface
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper B Subscript i Baseline left-parenthesis x comma y right-parenthesis equals upper L left-parenthesis x comma i Subscript plus Baseline left-parenthesis upper T Subscript asterisk Superscript i Baseline y right-parenthesis right-parenthesis">

B
i

(
x
,
y
)
=
L
(
x
,

i
+

(

T

∗

i

y
)
)

{B_i}(x,y) = L(x,{i_ + }(T_{\ast }^iy))

, for

i
=
1
,
⋯
,
m

i = 1, \cdots ,m

. Our first result (2.5) is that an invariant knot is equivariantly concordant to an invariant trivial knot if and only if there is a subspace of half the rank on which the

B
i

{B_i}

vanish simultaneously. We then introduce the concepts of equivariant isometric structure and algebraic concordance which mirror the preceding geometric ideas. The resulting equivalence classes form a group under direct sum which has infinitely many elements of each of the possible orders (two, four and infinite), at least for odd periods. The central computation (3.4) gives an isomorphism of the equivariant concordance group with the subgroup of the algebraic knot concordance group whose Alexander polynomial,

Δ
\Delta

, satisfies the classical relation

|

∏

i
=

1

m

Δ

(

λ
i

)

|

=

1

\left | {\prod \nolimits _{i = \,1}^m {\Delta \left ( {{\lambda ^i}} \right )} } \right |\, = \,1\,

, where

λ
\lambda

is a primitive mth root of unity. This condition assures that the m-fold cover of the knot complement is also a homology circle, permitting the geometric realization of each equivariant isometric structure. Finally, we make an explicit computation of the Browder-Livesay desuspension invariant for knots invariant under an involution and also elucidate the connection of our methods with the results of [CS2] by explicitly describing a homomorphism from the group of equivariant isometric structures to the appropriate

Γ
\Gamma

-group.
Normal two-dimensional elliptic singularities
Authors: Yau Stephen Shing Toung
Published: July 2010

Given a weighted dual graph such that the canonical cycle

K
′

K’

exists, is there a singularity corresponding to the given weighted dual graph and which has Gorenstein structure? This is one of the important problems in normal surface singularities. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of Gorenstein structures for weakly elliptic singularities. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of maximally elliptic structure is also given. Hence, the above question is answered affirmatively for a special kind of singularities. We also develop a theory for those elliptic Gorenstein singularities with geometric genus equal to three.
Isometries of 𝐿_{𝑝}-spaces associated with semifinite von Neumann algebras
Authors: Tam P. K.
Published: July 2010

The paper determines the structure of (classes of) linear isometries between

L
p

{L_p}

-spaces associated with semifinite normal faithful traces on von Neumann algebras, generalizing works of M. Broise and B. Russo. Also established are some auxiliary results on

L
p

{L_p}

norm inequalities which are of interest by themselves.
Injectivity, projectivity, and the axiom of choice
Authors: Blass Andreas
Published: July 2010

We study the connection between the axiom of choice and the principles of existence of enough projective and injective abelian groups. We also introduce a weak choice principle that says, roughly, that the axiom of choice is violated in only a set of different ways. This principle holds in all ordinary Fraenkel-Mostowski-Specker and Cohen models where choice fails, and it implies, among other things, that there are enough injective abelian groups. However, we construct an inner model of an Easton extension with no nontrivial injective abelian groups. In the presence of our weak choice principle, the existence of enough projective sets is as strong as the full axiom of choice, and the existence of enough free projective abelian groups is nearly as strong. We also prove that the axiom of choice is equivalent to “all free abelian groups are projective” and to “all divisible abelian groups are injective."
Structure mappings, coextensions and regular four-spiral semigroups
Authors: Meakin John
Published: July 2010

The structure mapping approach to regular semigroups developed by K. S. S. Nambooripad and J. Meakin is used to describe the

K

\mathcal {K}

-coextensions of the fundamental four-sprial semigroup and hence to describe the structure of all regular semigroups whose idempotents form a four-spiral biordered set. Isomorphisms between regular four-spiral semigroups are studied. The notion of structural uniformity of a regular semigroup is defined and exploited.
On a class of transformations which have unique absolutely continuous invariant measures
Authors: Boyarsky Abraham , Scarowsky Manny
Published: July 2010

A class of piecewise

C
2

{C^2}

transformations from an interval into itself with slopes greater than 1 in absolute value, and having the property that it takes partition points into partition points is shown to have unique absolutely continuous invariant measures. For this class of functions, a central limit theorem holds for all real measurable functions. For the subclass of piecewise linear transformations having a fixed point, it is shown that the unique absolutely continuous invariant measures are piecewise constant.
The variety of modular lattices is not generated by its finite members
Authors: Freese Ralph
Published: July 2010

This paper proves the result of the title. It shows that there is a five-variable lattice identity which holds in all finite modular lattices but not in all modular lattices. It is also shown that every free distributive lattice can be embedded into a free modular lattice. An example showing that modular lattice epimorphisms need not be onto is given.
Results on weighted norm inequalities for multipliers
Authors: Kurtz Douglas S. , Wheeden Richard L.
Published: July 2010

Weighted

L
p

{L^p}

-norm inequalities are derived for multiplier operators on Euclidean space. The multipliers are assumed to satisfy conditions of the Hörmander-Mikhlin type, and the weight functions are generally required to satisfy conditions more restrictive than

A
p

{A_p}

which depend on the degree of differentiability of the multiplier. For weights which are powers of

|
x
|

\left | x \right |

, sharp results are obtained which indicate such restrictions are necessary. The method of proof is based on the function

f
#

{f^\# }

of C. Fefferman and E. Stein rather than on Littlewood-Paley theory. The method also yields results for singular integral operators.
The classification of two-dimensional manifolds
Authors: Brown Edward M. , Messer Robert
Published: July 2010

Invariants are constructed to classify all noncompact 2-manifolds including those with boundary. The invariants of a 2-manifold M are the space of ends of M and the subspaces of nonplanar ends, of nonorientable ends, and of ends that are limits of compact boundary components. Also the space of ends of the boundary components together with its natural map into the ends of M and the orientation of these ends induced by orientations of neighborhoods of the orientable ends of M are used in addition to the usual compact invariants. Special properties are established for the invariants of a 2-manifold, and a 2-manifold is constructed for each set of invariants with the special properties.
Oscillation and asymptotic behavior of systems of ordinary linear differential equations
Authors: Rasmussen Carl H.
Published: July 2010

Conditions are established for oscillatory and asymptotic behavior for first-order matrix systems of ordinary differential equations, including Hamiltonian systems in the selfadjoint case. Asymptotic results of Hille, Shreve, and Hartman are generalized. Disconjugacy criteria of Ahlbrandt, Tomastik, and Reid are extended.
Generic differentiability of Lipschitzian functions
Authors: Lebourg G.
Published: July 2010

It is shown that, in separable topological vector spaces which are Baire spaces, the usual properties that have been introduced to study the local “first order” behaviour of real-valued functions which satisfy a Lipschitz type condition are “generically” equivalent and thus lead to a unique class of “generically smooth” functions. These functions are characterized in terms of tangent cones and directional derivatives and their “generic” differentiability properties are studied. The results extend some of the well-known differentiability properties of continuous convex functions.
Formal and convergent power series solutions of singular partial differential equations
Authors: Kaplan Stanley
Published: July 2010

A class of singular first-order partial differential equations is described for which an analogue of a theorem of M. Artin on the solutions of analytic equations holds: given any formal power series solution and any nonnegative integer v, a convergent power series solution may be found which agrees with the given formal solution up to all terms of order

⩽
v

\leqslant v

.
The dynamics of Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms on the torus
Authors: Batterson Steve
Published: July 2010

For orientation preserving diffeomorphisms on the torus necessary and sufficient conditions are given for an isotopy class to admit a Morse-Smale diffeomorphism with a specified periodic behavior.
Holomorphic sectional curvatures of bounded homogeneous domains and related questions
Authors: D’Atri J. E.
Published: July 2010

This paper considers a class of homogeneous Kähler metrics which include the Bergman metrics on homogeneous bounded domains. We obtain various necessary conditions for (a) nonpositive holomorphic sectional curvature, (b) nonpositive sectional curvature, and (c) covariant constant curvature (symmetric metric). In particular, we give examples showing that there exist homogeneous bounded domains which in the Bergman metric have some positive holomorphic sectional curvature.
The homotopy type of the space of diffeomorphisms. II
Authors: Burghelea Dan , Lashof Richard
Published: July 2010

The result (proved in Part I) that
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D i f f left-parenthesis upper D Superscript n Baseline comma partial-differential right-parenthesis asymptotically-equals normal upper Omega Superscript n plus 1 Baseline left-parenthesis PL Subscript n Baseline slash upper O Subscript n Baseline right-parenthesis">

Diff

(

D
n

,
∂
)
≃

Ω

n
+
1

(

PL
n

/

O
n

)

{\operatorname {Diff}}({D^n},\partial ) \simeq {\Omega ^{n + 1}}({\text {PL}_n}/{O_n})

is used to compute some new homotopy of

Diff

(

D
n

,
∂

D
n

)

{\operatorname {Diff}}({D^n},\partial {D^n})

. The relation between smooth and PL pseudo-isotopy is explored. Known and new results on the homotopy of

PL
n

{\text {PL}_n}

are summarized.
Fern Distortion Syndrome of Leatherleaf Fern in Costa Rica: Symptoms, Incidence, and Severity
Authors: Kloepper J. W. , Saborío F. , Bustamante E. , Polston J. E. , Sánchez E. , Umaña G.
Published: July 2010

A syndrome has been recognized on leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) in Costa Rica for many years that causes widespread damage but has not been described in the literature. A full description of the syndrome, termed fern distortion syndrome (FDS), is reported here, along with evidence that FDS is a new disease and that it is associated with endophytic fluorescent pseudomonads but not with any other major groups of pathogens or pests. The main aboveground symptoms of FDS are twisting and distortions of fronds, which make the fronds unmarketable. In advanced cases of FDS, fronds are often thickened, new frond growth ceases or slows dramatically, and uneven sporulation is apparent on the underside of fronds. Symptoms of FDS belowground are reduced diameter of rhizomes and reduced overall root mass. The incidence of FDS in Costa Rica was typically over 80%, and severity typically ranged from 1.26 to 2.48 using a 0 to 3 rating scale in fields propagated vegetatively with rhizomes from fields with FDS. In contrast, in three fields planted 1.5 to 4 years previously with rhizomes derived from tissue culture, incidence and severity were markedly lower: 23 to 34% and 0.24 to 0.36, respectively. Paired sampling of symptomatic and asymptomatic plants revealed significantly greater populations of fluorescent pseudomonads inside rhizomes of symptomatic plants.
Aggressiveness of Phomopsis longicolla and Other Phomopsis spp. on Soybean
Authors: Li Shuxian , Hartman Glen L. , Boykin Deborah L.
Published: July 2010

Phomopsis seed decay of soybean is a major cause of poor-quality soybean seed. The disease is caused primarily by the fungal pathogen Phomopsis longicolla. Aggressiveness of isolates of P. longicolla from soybean and other Phomopsis spp. from other hosts were compared by inoculating 2-week-old soybean plants of cv. Williams 82. There were significant (P ≤ 0.0001) differences among isolates based on stem length and stem lesion length. The P. longicolla soybean isolate PL16, from Mississippi, caused the shortest stem length while the non-soybean isolate P9, from Illinois, caused the greatest stem lesion length. The type isolate of P. longicolla, PL31 (Fau 600), was one of the 3 most aggressive isolates among all 48 isolates tested. The velvetleaf isolate P9 was the most aggressive among 13 isolates from non-soybean hosts. This study provided the first evaluation of aggressiveness of P. longicolla isolates from different geographic origins and the first demonstration that Phomopsis spp. isolated from cantaloupe, eggplant, and watermelon infected soybean. Knowledge about the variability of the pathogen is important for selecting isolates for breeding soybean lines with broad-based resistance to Phomopsis seed decay.
First Report of Pythium myriotylum Causing Root and Stem Rot on Tobacco in Zimbabwe
Authors: Sigobodhla T. E. , Dimbi S. , Masuka A. J.
Published: July 2010

Pythium species have a wide host range and are important pathogens of many agricultural crops. In Zimbabwe, 15 isolates of Pythium have been obtained from symptomatic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in the new float seedling production system. This production system now accounts for 25 to 30% of the tobacco industry's annual requirement of 975 million seedlings. Disease symptoms are observed usually 5 to 6 weeks after sowing as wilting and yellowing of leaves followed by rotting of the roots, and in severe cases, seedling death. Up to 70% seedling loss has been reported in commercial seedbeds. In a study to fulfill Koch's postulates and to determine the susceptibility of 16 commercially grown tobacco cultivars, seedlings were produced in float trays and inoculated individually with 1 ml of Pythium (Isolate Py 19) spores (1 × 104 CFU/ml) and mycelium pipetted around the base of the stem of each seedling 9 weeks after sowing. First symptoms appeared 7 to 10 days after inoculation as yellowing and wilting of leaves. When seedlings were pulled, the lower portion of the stem and roots were brown and rotted. Seedling mortality averaged 29% and disease incidence was 96 to 100% among cultivars. All 16 tobacco cultivars were susceptible to Pythium root and stem rot and there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in their susceptibility to the disease. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated seedlings. The representative isolate (Py 19) sent to Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, the Netherlands was identified as Pythium myriotylum Drechsler (CBS Accession No. 125021) (2). P. aphanidermatum, causing black stem rot, and P. debaryanum and P. ultimum, responsible for damping-off (3), have been reported in the predominant conventional soil-based tobacco seedling production system, but do not cause economic losses. However, stem and root rot caused by P. myriotylum threaten the float seedling production system in Zimbabwe, although a chemical curative control of the disease has been recommended and is now widely practiced. P. myriotylum has previously been reported in the tobacco float seedling production system in South Carolina (1). To our knowledge, this constitutes the first published report of P. myriotylum on tobacco in Zimbabwe.

References: (1) M. G. Anderson et al. Plant Dis. 81:227, 1997. (2) Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. Retrieved from http://www.cbs.knaw.nl , 2010. (3) A. J. Masuka et al. List of Plant Diseases in Zimbabwe. Department of Research and Extension and Tobacco Research Board. Harare, Zimbabwe, 2003.
Virulence in Puccinia triticina for Durum Wheat Cultivar Creso and Other Durum Wheat Cultivars Carrying Resistance Gene Lr14a in France
Authors: Goyeau H. , Ammar K. , Berder J.
Published: July 2010

Durum wheat cv. Creso has been mentioned as having durable resistance to leaf rust (2–4). However, an average final disease level of 70S on the modified Cobb scale was scored on Creso across three locations in inoculated field trials in France during 2009. A mixture of two durum wheat leaf rust isolates commonly found in France was used for the inoculation, one was virulent on Lr23 and the other was avirulent on this gene, their identical avirulence/virulence formula for other genes was Lr1, 2a, 2b, 3, 3bg, 3ka, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27+31/Lr2c, 10, 14a, 14b, 20, 21, 33, and 44. On cv. Llareta Inia and breeding line Somateria, both of which carry the resistance gene Lr14a, the average final disease level was, respectively, 95S and 80S. Creso, Llareta Inia, and Somateria displayed average final disease levels of, respectively, 0, 10S, and 1 in field trials inoculated with race CBG/BP in 2009 at two locations in Mexico (Ciudad Obregon and El Batan). Race CBG/BP, virulent on Lr3, 10, 11, 14b, 20, 23, 27 + 31, and 33, is the most widely virulent race identified so far in Mexico where Lr14a remains effective for durum wheat. Virulence for Lr14a in durum wheat leaf rust populations was already mentioned to be present in France since 2000 (1). It has been suggested that the resistance of Creso, which has remained durable in Italy since 1975 (4), could be due to a gene close to but different from Lr14a. Alternatively, the fact that Creso's reaction was significantly lower than those of Llareta Inia or Somateria could indicate the presence of another gene, of minor effect, in addition to Lr14a. Whatever the genetic basis of the Creso resistance may be, it has been overcome by common French pathotypes and its usefulness in breeding, at a regional if not global level, has become questionable.

References: (1) H. Goyeau et al. Phytopathology 96:264, 2006. (2) S. A. Herrera-Foessel et al. Plant Dis. 92:469, 2008. (3) M. Maccaferri et al. Theor. Appl. Genet. 117:1225, 2008. (4) D. Marone et al. Mol. Breed. 24:25, 2009.
Evaluation of the Soybean Rust Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (PIPE) Public Website's Impact on Certified Crop Advisers
Authors: Bradley C. A. , Allen T. W. , Dorrance A. E. , Dunphy E. J. , Giesler L. J. , Hershman D. E. , Hollier C. A. , Horn V. , Wrather J. A.
Published: July 2010

Certified Crop Advisers (CCAs) in Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, and Ohio were surveyed to determine the usefulness of the Soybean Rust Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (PIPE) public website (sbr.ipmpipe.org). Their responses were collected using a webbased survey instrument. A total of 361 CCAs of 3,051 contacted (12%) responded to the survey. In addition to being asked to evaluate the Soybean Rust PIPE public website, the CCAs were asked about the value of the sentinel plot network used to monitor the spread of soybean rust in the United States. The majority (> 90%) of the CCAs indicated that they value the Soybean Rust PIPE public website and sentinel plot network, and that they felt somewhat to very confident in the sentinel plot network.

Accepted for publication 5 May 2010. Published 1 July 2010.
First Report of Groundnut ringspot virus Infecting Tomato in South Florida
Authors: Webster Craig G. , Perry Keith L. , Lu Xiaoyun , Horsman Loren , Frantz Galen , Mellinger Charles , Adkins Scott
Published: July 2010

To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of GRSV in the United States in any host, although TSWV has been present in Florida for many years. Although the detection of GRSV in Florida tomatoes is cause for concern, the close relationship of GRSV and TSWV may allow successful adaptation of the integrated disease management strategies currently in use for TSWV in tomatoes for management of GRSV.

Accepted for publication 17 May 2010. Published 7 July 2010.
Temporal Control of Trichome Distribution by MicroRNA156-TargetedSPLGenes inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yu Nan , Cai Wen-Juan , Wang Shucai , Shan Chun-Min , Wang Ling-Jian , Chen Xiao-Ya
Published: July 2010

The production and distribution of plant trichomes is temporally and spatially regulated. After entering into the flowering stage, Arabidopsis thaliana plants have progressively reduced numbers of trichomes on the inflorescence stem, and the floral organs are nearly glabrous. We show here that SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE (SPL) genes, which define an endogenous flowering pathway and are targeted by microRNA 156 (miR156), temporally control the trichome distribution during flowering. Plants overexpressing miR156 developed ectopic trichomes on the stem and floral organs. By contrast, plants with elevated levels of SPLs produced fewer trichomes. During plant development, the increase in SPL transcript levels is coordinated with the gradual loss of trichome cells on the stem. The MYB transcription factor genes TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL1) and TRIPTYCHON (TRY) are negative regulators of trichome development. We show that SPL9 directly activates TCL1 and TRY expression through binding to their promoters and that this activation is independent of GLABROUS1 (GL1). The phytohormones cytokinin and gibberellin were reported to induce trichome formation on the stem and inflorescence via the C2H2 transcription factors GIS, GIS2, and ZFP8, which promote GL1 expression. We show that the GIS-dependent pathway does not affect the regulation of TCL1 and TRY by miR156-targeted SPLs, represented by SPL9. These results demonstrate that the miR156-regulated SPLs establish a direct link between developmental programming and trichome distribution.
Natural Variation of Transcriptional Auxin Response Networks inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Delker Carolin , Pöschl Yvonne , Raschke Anja , Ullrich Kristian , Ettingshausen Stefan , Hauptmann Valeska , Grosse Ivo , Quint Marcel
Published: July 2010

Natural variation has been observed for various traits in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we investigated natural variation in the context of physiological and transcriptional responses to the phytohormone auxin, a key regulator of plant development. A survey of the general extent of natural variation to auxin stimuli revealed significant physiological variation among 20 genetically diverse natural accessions. Moreover, we observed dramatic variation on the global transcriptome level after induction of auxin responses in seven accessions. Although we detect isolated cases of major-effect polymorphisms, sequencing of signaling genes revealed sequence conservation, making selective pressures that favor functionally different protein variants among accessions unlikely. However, coexpression analyses of a priori defined auxin signaling networks identified variations in the transcriptional equilibrium of signaling components. In agreement with this, cluster analyses of genome-wide expression profiles followed by analyses of a posteriori defined gene networks revealed accession-specific auxin responses. We hypothesize that quantitative distortions in the ratios of interacting signaling components contribute to the detected transcriptional variation, resulting in physiological variation of auxin responses among accessions.
On the sequence of three related phases of [Ni(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](HSO4)2 in the temperature range 110–295 K
Authors: Siegler Maxime A. , Stavitski Eli
Published: July 2010

Attempts to prepare the compound [Ni(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](X)2 were eventually successful with X = NO_3^- provided that a synthetic route aimed at restricting water was followed. Application of this method was extended to make the analogous compound with X = HSO_4^-, for which three symmetry-related phases were isolated between 295 and 110 K: a room-temperature phase with Z′ = ½ [phase (I)], an intermediate-temperature phase with Z′ = 1 [phase (II)] and a low-temperature phase with Z′ = 2 [phase (III)]. The phases are related by two reversible solid–solid phase transitions, and both transitions take place without a significant loss of crystallinity. In the phase sequence (I) ↔ (II) ↔ (III) (Z′: ½ ↔ 1 ↔ 2), the crystal packing remains remarkably similar but the degree of order in the crystal changes significantly; the structure is very disordered at room and intermediate temperatures but is ordered at 110 K. The compound [Ni(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](HSO4)2 has a complicated hydrogen-bonding network, which contains O—H...O bonds between the counterions. Structural changes are largest along some face-diagonal directions in the sequence (I) ↔ (II) ↔ (III).
Structures of alkyl-substituted Tröger's base derivatives illustrate the importance ofZ′ for packing in the absence of strong crystal synthons
Authors: Vande Velde Christophe M. L. , Tylleman Benoît , Zeller Matthias , Sergeyev Sergey
Published: July 2010

Crystal structures of Tröger's base (5,11-methano-2,8-dimethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine) analogues with the methyl groups replaced by ethyl,iso-propyl andtert-butyl groups were studied. The incidence ofZ′ > 1 structures increases to rather conspicuous levels. The reasons behind this trend are expanded upon, and a possible explanation is given in the flexibility of the alkyl substituents and van der Waals stabilization. In combination these effects allow for an additional stabilization of the packing by small changes in the molecular conformations, thus expanding the size of the asymmetric unit.
Structural investigation of GeSb6Te10 and GeBi6Te10 intermetallic compounds in the chalcogenide homologous series
Authors: Matsunaga Toshiyuki , Kojima Rie , Yamada Noboru , Fujita Tomoko , Kifune Kouichi , Kubota Yoshiki , Takata Masaki
Published: July 2010

The crystal structures of GeSb6Te10 and GeBi6Te10 were scrutinized using an X-ray powder diffraction method, which revealed that these compounds crystallize in trigonally distorted cubic close-packed structures with a 51-layer period (R\bar 3m). Each layer consists of a triangular atomic net; Te atoms occupy their own specific layers, whereas Ge, Sb and Bi atoms are located in the other layers. In these pseudobinary compounds, random atomic occupations of Ge and Sb/Bi are observed and the layers form two kinds of elemental structural blocks by their successive stacking along the c axis. These compounds can be presumed to be isostructural. It is known that the chemical formula of the chalcogenide compounds with the homologous structures found in these pseudobinary systems can be written as (GeTe)
n
(Sb2Te3)
m
or (GeTe)
n
(Bi2Te3)
m
(n, m: integer); the GeSb6Te10 and GeBi6Te10 investigated in this study, which correspond to the case in which n = 1 and m = 3, naturally have 3 × l = 51-layer structures according to a formation rule l = 2n + 5m commonly found in the compounds of these chalcogenide systems (l represents the number of layers in the basic structural unit). Calculations based on the density functional theory revealed that these materials are compound semiconductors with very narrow band gaps.
Case study: building an internal coaching capacity – the American Cancer Society coach cadre model
Authors: Ali Yumna , Lewis Nicole , Currier McAdams Kimberly
Published: July 2010

Purpose

This paper aims to outline the steps and process used by the American Cancer Society, a not for profit organization, when creating and implementing an internal coaching capacity.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper examines in detail the design, implementation, successes, and key learning points of the creation of an internal coaching program.

Findings

Organizations can build an internal coaching capacity utilizing current talent and limited external resources to benefit the development of targeted staff.

Practical implications

The paper details steps to build a coaching cadre.

Originality/value

The paper provides an alternative to buying coaching for an organization and outlines the multiple benefits to building an internal capacity.
Jaguar Land Rover “transition to high performance” training program
Authors: Hicks Jez , Upton Stephen
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe a training program that was specifically designed to underpin the launch of a new behavior framework and performance management process, required to support the pace of organizational change in the face of increasingly competitive market demands.

Design/methodology/approach

The core focus of the training program was on practical skills acquisition reinforced by role‐play, using performance management conversation scenarios designed to reflect the daily business context of the participants – therefore enabling direct transfer of skills back to the workplace. The impact of the training program was greatly enhanced by allowing participants to practice the techniques being taught, before attempting to apply them in their performance management conversations with their respective team members.

Findings

The training program resulted in the successful launch of the new behavior framework and performance management process, and engagement of the management population in applying the new process consistently: with a significant increase in evidence‐based assessment and an associated willingness by the participants to conduct appropriate difficult performance‐related conversations in their line management roles.

Originality/value

The design and methodology of this performance management training program will be of value to a wide range of organizations across all business sectors seeking to implement a behavior framework‐based performance management process; and needing to increase the skills and effectiveness of line managers in addressing performance issues in their respective teams.
How can employee engagement be improved at the RRG Group? Part 1
Authors: Evans Cheryl A. , Redfern David C.
Published: July 2010

Purpose

This is the first of two papers that concern employee engagement, this one aims to review the literature and the second, to be in the next edition, aims to look at a detailed study at a large UK motor vehicle retailer the RRG Group.

Design/methodology/approach

The aim was to assess the main factors encouraging or preventing employee engagement, with specific reference to those employed within certain branches. The methods used were: assessing the qualitative data through attitudinal surveys, analyzing complete customer satisfaction (CCS) scores and telephone interviews with former employees.

Findings

Research suggests that employees are fairly constant in how involved they are in their jobs and organizations, or how alienated they have become. However, it is more realistic to assume that reactions to work fluctuate over a period of time. The link between employee engagement and work performance is explored.

Practical implications

The second part will, in the next edition, discuss with reference to research in the motor retail sector the key role of management in creating and maintaining an engaged workforce.

Originality/value

The fluctuating nature of engagement is explored in the context of the management role in enhancing work performance.
The fabrication and assembly of nanoelectronic devices
Authors: Bogue Robert
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of recent developments in nanoelectronic devices, with an emphasis on the materials and fabrication technologies employed.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper focuses on three critical fields of nanoelectronics: integrated circuits (ICs), sensors and displays. It describes recent developments and considers the materials and techniques used in their fabrication.

Findings

This paper shows that nanoelectronic developments, particularly experimental ICs, are progressing very rapidly but all manner of different materials and non‐standard fabrication processes are involved. Major efforts are underway to develop simple and cost‐effective techniques which will allow the high volume production of suitable nanomaterials and their incorporation into commercial nanoelectronic devices.

Originality/value

The paper provides an up‐to‐date review of nanoelectronic device developments and fabrication technologies.
A flexible joints microassembly robot with metamorphic gripper
Authors: Bruzzone Luca , Bozzini Giorgio
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report research which led to the realization of a robot for miniaturized assembly endowed with high‐accuracy and high‐operative flexibility.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed solution is a microassembly system composed of a Cartesian parallel robot with flexure revolute joints and a modular gripper with metamorphic fingertips, capable of adapting their shape to different micro‐objects. The fingertips are realized by electro‐discharge machining from a sheet of superelastic alloy. Thanks to its modularity, the gripper can be arranged with two opposite fingers or three fingers placed at 120°. The fingers are actuated by a piezoelectric linear motor with nanometric accuracy.

Findings

The experimental results on the prototype are very interesting. The measured positioning accuracy of the linear motors is 0.5 μm; the end‐effector positioning accuracy is lower, due to the non‐perfect kinematics and hysteresis of the flexure joints; however, these effects can be compensated by the direct measurement of the end effector position or by visual feedback. The metamorphic design of the fingertips remarkably increases the grasping force; moreover, the grasping is more stable and reliable.

Practical implications

The introduction of this microassembly system can fulfil the needs of a wide range of industrial applications, thanks to its accurate positioning in a relatively large workspace. The cost of the machine is relatively low, thanks to its modularity.

Originality/value

The combination of Cartesian parallel kinematics, cog‐free linear motors and superelastic flexure revolute joints allows one to obtain high‐positioning accuracy; the metamorphic fingertips enhance the grasping effectiveness and flexibility.
Simple assembly line balancing problem under the combinations of the effects of learning and deterioration
Authors: Duran Toksarı M. , İşleyen Selçuk K. , Güner Ertan , Faruk Baykoç Ömer
Published: July 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the introduction of simple assembly line balancing problems (SALBPs) under four joint combinations of two learning effects and two deterioration effects.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, effects of learning and deterioration are considered simultaneously. By the effects of learning and deterioration, it is meant that the task time of a task is defined by increasing function of its execution start time and position in the sequence.

Findings

It was shown that polynomial solutions can be obtained for SALBP under four joint combinations of two learning effects and two deterioration effects. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the adaptations of the proposed models by using known ALB problem.

Originality/value

In this paper, SALBPs were introduced under four joint combinations of two learning effects and two deterioration effects. Position dependent learning effect and time dependent learning effect were considered for learning effect when linear deterioration effect and non‐linear deterioration effect were taken up.