bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-mode heterodyne laser interferometry realized via software defined radio
Authors: Lin X. , Hartman M. T. , Zhang S. , Seidelin S. , Fang B. , Le Coq Y.
Published: September 2023

The agile generation and control of multiple optical frequency modes combined with the realtime processing of multi-mode data provides access to experimentation in domains such as optomechanical systems, optical information processing, and multi-mode spectroscopy. The latter, specifically spectroscopy of spectral-hole burning (SHB), has motivated our development of a multi-mode heterodyne laser interferometric scheme centered around a software-defined radio platform for signal generation and processing, with development in an entirely open-source environment. A challenge to SHB is the high level of shot noise due to the laser power constraint imposed by the spectroscopic sample. Here, we have demonstrated the production, detection, and separation of multiple optical frequency modes to the benefit of optical environment sensing for realtime phase noise subtraction as well as shot noise reduction through multi-mode averaging. This has allowed us to achieve improved noise performance in low-optical-power interferometry. Although our target application is laser stabilization via SHB in cryogenic temperature rare-earth doped crystals, these techniques may be employed in a variety of different contexts.
Three-dimensional plasmonic lithography imaging modeling based on the RCWA algorithm for computational lithography
Authors: Ding Huwen , Fan Taian , Zhang Libin , Wei Yayi , Ye Tianchun
Published: September 2023

This paper reminds the principle and characteristics of plasmonic lithography, and points out the importance of establishing a fast and high precision plasmonic lithography imaging model and developing computational lithography. According to the characteristics of plasmonic lithography, the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) algorithm is a very suitable alternative algorithm. In this paper, a three-dimensional plasmonic lithography model based on RCWA algorithm is established for computational lithography requirements. This model improves the existing RCWA algorithm, that is, deduces the formula for calculating the light field inside the structure and proposes the integration, storage and invocation of the scattering matrix to improve the computation speed. Finally, the results are compared with commercial software for the two typical patterns. The results show that the two calculation results are very close, with the root mean square error (RMSE) less than 0.04 (V/m)2. In addition, the calculation speed can be increased by more than 2 times in the first calculation, and by about 8 times by integrating, storing and invoking the scattering matrix, which creates conditions for the development of plasmonic computational lithography.
Fiber laser strain sensor based on an optical phase-locked loop
Authors: Jin Wei , Zhang Yibo , Qin Yifan , Zhang Yu , Lou Cunkai , Gao Jiaxing , Li Shanshan , Liu Zhihai , Tian Fengjun , Yuan Libo
Published: September 2023

In this Letter, we present a high-strain resolution fiber laser-based sensor (FLS) by a novel optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) interrogation technique based on a root mean square detector (RMSD). The sensor consists of a distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser as a master laser for strain sensing and a fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FFPI) as a reference. The laser carrier locks to the reference by the PDH technique, and the single sideband laser working as a slave laser locks to the DFB sensing element using the OPLL technique, respectively. A strain resolution of 8.19 pε/√Hz at 1 Hz and 35.5 pε in 10 s is achieved in the demonstrational experiments. Significantly, the noise behaves a 1∕f distribution below 0.2 Hz due to the very low pump power for the DFB sensor and an active thermostat testing environment. The proposed OPLL interrogation brings new thinking for the demodulation of FLS. This strain sensor based on FLS has a great performance in strain measurement and can be a powerful tool for geophysical research.
Ultrafast supercontinuum generation in halomethane-filled liquid-core fibers
Authors: Huang Wenqin , Junaid Saher , Hofmann Johannes , Schneidewind Henrik , Schmidt Markus A.
Published: September 2023

Here, we demonstrate the properties of bromotrichloromethane (CBrCl3) in the context of ultrafast supercontinuum generation in liquid-core fibers. Broadband interferometric and spectroscopic measurements of liquids and fibers indicate suitable optical properties of this halomethane for near-IR supercontinuum generation, which were confirmed in corresponding experiments using ultrashort pulses. The associated simulations showed consistent broadband power redistributions, thus confirming that this halomethane is a suitable candidate for ultrafast nonlinear frequency conversion in liquid-core fibers. It uniquely combines the advantages of an inorganic, i.e., CH-free, material with a non-vanishing hyperpolarizability, allowing to anticipate an integration of second-order nonlinearity into the fiber.
Sub-100 fs all-fiber polarization maintaining widely tunable laser at 2 µm
Authors: Grande Adrian , Darwich Dia , Freysz Valerian , Boullet Johan , Cormier Eric
Published: September 2023

An all-fiber polarization maintaining (PM) laser tunable over 170 nm via Raman soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) delivering sub-100 fs pulses with a central wavelength ranging from 1880 to 2050 nm is presented. The 40 MHz laser emits power ranging from 15 to 34 mW with pulse duration as short as 80 fs. It is based on exclusively commercially available standard fibers and has been designed to produce sub-100 fs pulse durations over the whole spectral range without the need for adjusting neither nonlinearities nor dispersion. The laser is versatile and a robust potential alternative to Tm and Tm:Ho oscillators.
Quantum generative adversarial learning in photonics
Authors: Wang Yizhi , Xue Shichuan , Wang Yaxuan , Liu Yong , Ding Jiangfang , Shi Weixu , Wang Dongyang , Liu Yingwen , Fu Xiang , Huang Guangyao , Huang Anqi , Deng Mingtang , Wu Junjie
Published: September 2023

Quantum generative adversarial networks (QGANs), an intersection of quantum computing and machine learning, have attracted widespread attention due to their potential advantages over classical analogs. However, in the current era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, it is essential to investigate whether QGANs can perform learning tasks on near-term quantum devices usually affected by noise and even defects. In this Letter, using a programmable silicon quantum photonic chip, we experimentally demonstrate the QGAN model in photonics for the first time to our knowledge and investigate the effects of noise and defects on its performance. Our results show that QGANs can generate high-quality quantum data with a fidelity higher than 90%, even under conditions where up to half of the generator’s phase shifters are damaged, or all of the generator and discriminator’s phase shifters are subjected to phase noise up to 0.04π. Our work sheds light on the feasibility of implementing QGANs on the NISQ-era quantum hardware.
SEC14-like condensate phase transitions at plasma membranes regulate root growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Chen , Mentzelopoulou Andriani , Papagavriil Fotini , Ramachandran Prashanth , Perraki Artemis , Claus Lucas , Barg Sebastian , Dörmann Peter , Jaillais Yvon , Johnen Philipp , Russinova Eugenia , Gizeli Electra , Schaaf Gabriel , Moschou Panagiotis Nikolaou
Published: September 2023

Protein function can be modulated by phase transitions in their material properties, which can range from liquid- to solid-like; yet, the mechanisms that drive these transitions and whether they are important for physiology are still unknown. In the model plant Arabidopsis, we show that developmental robustness is reinforced by phase transitions of the plasma membrane-bound lipid-binding protein SEC14-like. Using imaging, genetics, and in vitro reconstitution experiments, we show that SEC14-like undergoes liquid-like phase separation in the root stem cells. Outside the stem cell niche, SEC14-like associates with the caspase-like protease separase and conserved microtubule motors at unique polar plasma membrane interfaces. In these interfaces, SEC14-like undergoes processing by separase, which promotes its liquid-to-solid transition. This transition is important for root development, as lines expressing an uncleavable SEC14-like variant or mutants of separase and associated microtubule motors show similar developmental phenotypes. Furthermore, the processed and solidified but not the liquid form of SEC14-like interacts with and regulates the polarity of the auxin efflux carrier PINFORMED2. This work demonstrates that robust development can involve liquid-to-solid transitions mediated by proteolysis at unique plasma membrane interfaces.
Exploring tumor-normal cross-talk with TranNet: Role of the environment in tumor progression
Authors: Amgalan Bayarbaatar , Day Chi-Ping , Przytycka Teresa M.
Published: September 2023

There is a growing awareness that tumor-adjacent normal tissues used as control samples in cancer studies do not represent fully healthy tissues. Instead, they are intermediates between healthy tissues and tumors. The factors that contribute to the deviation of such control samples from healthy state include exposure to the tumor-promoting factors, tumor-related immune response, and other aspects of tumor microenvironment. Characterizing the relation between gene expression of tumor-adjacent control samples and tumors is fundamental for understanding roles of microenvironment in tumor initiation and progression, as well as for identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancers.

To address the demand, we developed and validated TranNet, a computational approach that utilizes gene expression in matched control and tumor samples to study the relation between their gene expression profiles. TranNet infers a sparse weighted bipartite graph from gene expression profiles of matched control samples to tumors. The results allow us to identify predictors (potential regulators) of this transition. To our knowledge, TranNet is the first computational method to infer such dependencies.

We applied TranNet to the data of several cancer types and their matched control samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Many predictors identified by TranNet are genes associated with regulation by the tumor microenvironment as they are enriched in G-protein coupled receptor signaling, cell-to-cell communication, immune processes, and cell adhesion. Correspondingly, targets of inferred predictors are enriched in pathways related to tissue remodelling (including the epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT)), immune response, and cell proliferation. This implies that the predictors are markers and potential stromal facilitators of tumor progression. Our results provide new insights into the relationships between tumor adjacent control sample, tumor and the tumor environment. Moreover, the set of predictors identified by TranNet will provide a valuable resource for future investigations.
Maximizing multi-reaction dependencies provides more accurate and precise predictions of intracellular fluxes than the principle of parsimony
Authors: Hashemi Seirana , Razaghi-Moghadam Zahra , Nikoloski Zoran
Published: September 2023

Intracellular fluxes represent a joint outcome of cellular transcription and translation and reflect the availability and usage of nutrients from the environment. While approaches from the constraint-based metabolic framework can accurately predict cellular phenotypes, such as growth and exchange rates with the environment, accurate prediction of intracellular fluxes remains a pressing problem. Parsimonious flux balance analysis (pFBA) has become an approach of choice to predict intracellular fluxes by employing the principle of efficient usage of protein resources. Nevertheless, comparative analyses of intracellular flux predictions from pFBA against fluxes estimated from labeling experiments remain scarce. Here, we posited that steady-state flux distributions derived from the principle of maximizing multi-reaction dependencies are of improved accuracy and precision than those resulting from pFBA. To this end, we designed a constraint-based approach, termed complex-balanced FBA (cbFBA), to predict steady-state flux distributions that support the given specific growth rate and exchange fluxes. We showed that the steady-state flux distributions resulting from cbFBA in comparison to pFBA show better agreement with experimentally measured fluxes from 17 Escherichia coli strains and are more precise, due to the smaller space of alternative solutions. We also showed that the same principle holds in eukaryotes by comparing the predictions of pFBA and cbFBA against experimentally derived steady-state flux distributions from 26 knock-out mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, our results showed that intracellular fluxes predicted by cbFBA provide better support for the principle of minimizing metabolic adjustment between mutants and wild types. Together, our findings point that other principles that consider the dynamics and coordination of steady states may govern the distribution of intracellular fluxes.
Marginal effects of public health measures and COVID-19 disease burden in China: A large-scale modelling study
Authors: Wang Zengmiao , Wu Peiyi , Wang Lin , Li Bingying , Liu Yonghong , Ge Yuxi , Wang Ruixue , Wang Ligui , Tan Hua , Wu Chieh-Hsi , Laine Marko , Salje Henrik , Song Hongbin
Published: September 2023

China had conducted some of the most stringent public health measures to control the spread of successive SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, the effectiveness of these measures and their impacts on the associated disease burden have rarely been quantitatively assessed at the national level. To address this gap, we developed a stochastic age-stratified metapopulation model that incorporates testing, contact tracing and isolation, based on 419 million travel movements among 366 Chinese cities. The study period for this model began from September 2022. The COVID-19 disease burden was evaluated, considering 8 types of underlying health conditions in the Chinese population. We identified the marginal effects between the testing speed and reduction in the epidemic duration. The findings suggest that assuming a vaccine coverage of 89%, the Omicron-like wave could be suppressed by 3-day interval population-level testing (PLT), while it would become endemic with 4-day interval PLT, and without testing, it would result in an epidemic. PLT conducted every 3 days would not only eliminate infections but also keep hospital bed occupancy at less than 29.46% (95% CI, 22.73–38.68%) of capacity for respiratory illness and ICU bed occupancy at less than 58.94% (95% CI, 45.70–76.90%) during an outbreak. Furthermore, the underlying health conditions would lead to an extra 2.35 (95% CI, 1.89–2.92) million hospital admissions and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.13–0.2) million ICU admissions. Our study provides insights into health preparedness to balance the disease burden and sustainability for a country with a population of billions.
The seasonality of nutrition status in Shawi Indigenous children in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Valdivia-Gago Andrea , Zavaleta-Cortijo Carol , Carcamo Cesar , Berrang-Ford Lea , Lancha Guillermo , Pizango Pedro , Chanchari Junior , Llanos-Cuentas Alejandro , García Patricia J. , Vílchez Walter , King Nia , Silvera Rosa , Harper Sherilee L. ,   IHACC Research Team
Published: September 2023

Research on the impact of seasonal and climatic variability on childhood nutritional status in the Amazon is limited. We examined how the nutritional status of Shawi children under five years changed seasonally and explored parental participation in food system activities (fishing, livestock, agriculture, hunting) as a potential influence. Using a community-based research approach with Indigenous Shawi Peoples, we conducted cross-sectional surveys in pre-harvest (July-August 2014) and post-harvest (November-December 2015) seasons. Sociodemographic data, parental participation, weight, height, and hemoglobin concentration were collected for childhood nutritional assessment. We employed bivariable linear regression to analyze associations between seasonal variations in children’s nutrition and parental food system engagement. The study took place across eleven Indigenous Shawi communities in Loreto, Peruvian Amazon. In total, 74 Shawi children and their parents were analyzed. Results indicated a decrease in childhood wasting (4.9% to 0.0%) and persistent anemia (66.2% to 66.2%), while stunting increased (39.2% to 41.9%) from pre-harvest to post-harvest. Parental participation in food activities varied seasonally, but its impact on childhood nutritional status was not statistically significant. Our findings highlight significant levels of undernutrition in Indigenous Shawi children, with slight seasonal variation. Future interventions must consider seasonal dynamics, and further exploration of parental roles in children’s diets is warranted.
Neuronal mTORC1 inhibition promotes longevity without suppressing anabolic growth and reproduction in C. elegans
Authors: Smith Hannah J. , Lanjuin Anne , Sharma Arpit , Prabhakar Aditi , Nowak Ewelina , Stine Peter G. , Sehgal Rohan , Stojanovski Klement , Towbin Benjamin D. , Mair William B.
Published: September 2023

mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) is a metabolic sensor that promotes growth when nutrients are abundant. Ubiquitous inhibition of mTORC1 extends lifespan in multiple organisms but also disrupts several anabolic processes resulting in stunted growth, slowed development, reduced fertility, and disrupted metabolism. However, it is unclear if these pleiotropic effects of mTORC1 inhibition can be uncoupled from longevity. Here, we utilize the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system to restrict mTORC1 inhibition to C. elegans neurons. We find that neuron-specific degradation of RAGA-1, an upstream activator of mTORC1, or LET-363, the ortholog of mammalian mTOR, is sufficient to extend lifespan in C. elegans. Unlike raga-1 loss of function genetic mutations or somatic AID of RAGA-1, neuronal AID of RAGA-1 robustly extends lifespan without impairing body size, developmental rate, brood size, or neuronal function. Moreover, while degradation of RAGA-1 in all somatic tissues alters the expression of thousands of genes, demonstrating the widespread effects of mTORC1 inhibition, degradation of RAGA-1 in neurons only results in around 200 differentially expressed genes with a specific enrichment in metabolism and stress response. Notably, our work demonstrates that targeting mTORC1 specifically in the nervous system in C. elegans uncouples longevity from growth and reproductive impairments, and that many canonical effects of low mTORC1 activity are not required to promote healthy aging. These data challenge previously held ideas about the mechanisms of mTORC1 lifespan extension and underscore the potential of promoting longevity by neuron-specific mTORC1 modulation.
Genome-wide circadian gating of a cold temperature response in bread wheat
Authors: Graham Calum A. , Paajanen Pirita , Edwards Keith J. , Dodd Antony N.
Published: September 2023

Circadian rhythms coordinate the responses of organisms with their daily fluctuating environments, by establishing a temporal program of gene expression. This schedules aspects of metabolism, physiology, development and behaviour according to the time of day. Circadian regulation in plants is extremely pervasive, and is important because it underpins both productivity and seasonal reproduction. Circadian regulation extends to the control of environmental responses through a regulatory process known as circadian gating. Circadian gating is the process whereby the circadian clock regulates the response to an environmental cue, such that the magnitude of response to an identical cue varies according to the time of day of the cue. Here, we show that there is genome-wide circadian gating of responses to cold temperatures in plants. By using bread wheat as an experimental model, we establish that circadian gating is crucial to the programs of gene expression that underlie the environmental responses of a crop of major socioeconomic importance. Furthermore, we identify that circadian gating of cold temperature responses are distributed unevenly across the three wheat subgenomes, which might reflect the geographical origins of the ancestors of modern wheat.
HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B virus infection and male circumcision in five Sub-Saharan African countries: Findings from the Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys, 2015–2019
Authors: Peck Megan E. , Bronson Megan , Djomand Gaston , Basile Ikuzo , Collins Kamanzi , Kankindi Ida , Kayirangwa Eugenie , Malamba Samuel S. , Mugisha Veronicah , Nsanzimana Sabin , Remera Eric , Kazaura Kokuhumbya J. , Amuri Mbaraka , Mmbando Susan , Mgomella George S. , Simbeye Daimon , Colletar Awor Anna , Biraro Samuel , Kabuye Geoffrey , Kirungi Wilford , Chituwo Omega , Hanunka Brave , Kamboyi Royd , Mulenga Lloyd , Musonda Bupe , Muyunda Brian , Nkumbula Tepa , Malaba Rickie , Mandisarisa John , Musuka Godfrey , Peterson Amy E. , Toledo Carlos
Published: September 2023

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has primarily been promoted for HIV prevention. Evidence also supports that male circumcision offers protection against other sexually transmitted infections. This analysis assessed the effect of circumcision on syphilis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HIV. Data from the 2015 to 2019 Population-based HIV Impact Assessments (PHIAs) surveys from Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe were used for the analysis. The PHIA surveys are cross-sectional, nationally representative household surveys that include biomarking testing for HIV, syphilis and HBV infection. This is a secondary data analysis using publicly available PHIA data. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were created using pooled PHIA data across the five countries to assess the effect of male circumcision on HIV, active and ever syphilis, and HBV infection among sexually active males aged 15–59 years. Circumcised men had lower odds of syphilis infection, ever or active infection, and HIV, compared to uncircumcised men, after adjusting for covariates (active syphilis infection = 0.67 adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52–0.87, ever having had a syphilis infection = 0.85 aOR, 95% CI, 0.73–0.98, and HIV = 0.53 aOR, 95% CI, 0.47–0.61). No difference between circumcised and uncircumcised men was identified for HBV infection (P = 0.75). Circumcised men have a reduced likelihood for syphilis and HIV compared to uncircumcised men. However, we found no statistically significant difference between circumcised and uncircumcised men for HBV infection.
The associations of income and Black-White racial segregation with HIV outcomes among adults aged ≥18 years—United States and Puerto Rico, 2019
Authors: Gant Zanetta , Dailey André , Hu Xiaohong , Song Wei , Beer Linda , Johnson Lyons Shacara , Denson Damian J. , Satcher Johnson Anna
Published: September 2023

Objective(s)

To examine associations between Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) measures for economic and racial segregation and HIV outcomes in the United States (U.S.) and Puerto Rico.

Methods

County-level HIV testing data from CDC’s National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation and census tract-level HIV diagnoses, linkage to HIV medical care, and viral suppression data from the National HIV Surveillance System were used. Three ICE measures of spatial polarization were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey: ICEincome (income segregation), ICErace (Black-White racial segregation), and ICEincome+race (Black-White racialized economic segregation). Rate ratios (RRs) for HIV diagnoses and prevalence ratios (PRs) for HIV testing, linkage to care within 1 month of diagnosis, and viral suppression within 6 months of diagnosis were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to examine changes across ICE quintiles using the most privileged communities (Quintile 5, Q5) as the reference group.

Results

PRs and RRs showed a higher likelihood of testing and adverse HIV outcomes among persons residing in Q1 (least privileged) communities compared with Q5 (most privileged) across ICE measures. For HIV testing percentages and diagnosis rates, across quintiles, PRs and RRs were consistently greatest for ICErace. For linkage to care and viral suppression, PRs were consistently lower for ICEincome+race.

Conclusions

We found that poor HIV outcomes and disparities were associated with income, racial, and economic segregation as measured by ICE. These ICE measures contribute to poor HIV outcomes and disparities by unfairly concentrating certain groups (i.e., Black persons) in highly segregated and deprived communities that experience a lack of access to quality, affordable health care. Expanded efforts are needed to address the social/economic barriers that impede access to HIV care among Black persons. Increased partnerships between government agencies and the private sector are needed to change policies that promote and sustain racial and income segregation.
Interactions between B cells and T follicular regulatory cells enhance susceptibility to Brucella infection independent of the anti-Brucella humoral response
Authors: Dadelahi Alexis S. , Abushahba Mostafa F. N. , Ponzilacqua-Silva Bárbara , Chambers Catherine A. , Moley Charles R. , Lacey Carolyn A. , Dent Alexander L. , Skyberg Jerod A.
Published: September 2023

Brucellosis, caused by facultative, intracellular Brucella spp., often results in chronic and/or lifelong infection. Therefore, Brucella must employ mechanisms to subvert adaptive immunity to cause chronic infection. B lymphocytes enhance susceptibility to infection with Brucella spp. though the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we investigated the role of antibody secretion, B cell receptor (BCR) specificity, and B cell antigen presentation on susceptibility to B. melitensis. We report that mice unable to secrete antibody do not display altered resistance to Brucella. However, animals with B cells that are unable to recognize Brucella through their BCR are resistant to infection. In addition, B cell MHCII expression enhances susceptibility to infection in a CD4+ T cell-dependent manner, and we found that follicular B cells are sufficient to inhibit CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity against Brucella. B cells promote development of T follicular helper (TFH) and T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells during Brucella infection. Inhibition of B cell and CD4+ T cell interaction via CD40L blockade enhances resistance to Brucella in a B cell dependent manner concomitant with suppression of TFH and TFR differentiation. Conversely, PD-1 blockade increases Brucella burdens in a B and CD4+ T cell dependent manner while augmenting T regulatory (TReg) and TFR responses. Intriguingly, TFR deficiency enhances resistance to Brucella via a B cell dependent, but antibody independent mechanism. Collectively, these results demonstrate B cells support TFR responses that promote susceptibility to Brucella infection independent of the antibody response.
El cuarto poder en el constitucionalismo brasileño del período independentista
Authors: Machado Gomes Daniel , Da Silva Cicilio Tiago
Published: September 2023

Durante el Imperio, la organización política brasileña se caracterizó por la existencia de cuatro poderes, siendo atribuido al monarca el ejercicio del poder moderador. Aunque existen dudas sobre las circunstancias de la inserción del cuarto poder en el texto constitucional, incluso antes de la Constitución de 1824, ciertas corrientes políticas ya abogaban por el reconocimiento de prerrogativas al emperador que integraban el poder real, concebidas por Benjamin Constant. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo demostrar que la organización cuatripartita del poder en el Brasil del siglo XIX tiene sus raíces en una concepción del constitucionalismo liberal que correspondía a un proyecto nacional creado durante el período de la Independencia, anterior a la concesión de la Constitución Imperial. Se notó que los artículos publicados en la prensa entre 1822 y 1823 ya defendían que el monarca ejercía las atribuciones que luego se incorporaron al poder moderador, en particular el derecho de veto absoluto. Se concluye que la corriente del constitucionalismo brasileño que triunfó con la Independencia creó bases teóricas para justificar la existencia del cuarto poder en la estructura constitucional, al reflejar un proyecto nacional que buscaba, esencialmente, conjugar orden con libertad.
“Sin derramamiento de sangre”: la Independencia de Brasil en los materiales didácticos latinoamericanos (Argentina, Ecuador, México y Venezuela)
Authors: Nunes Macedo André Luan
Published: September 2023

Este artículo estudia la historia de la independencia de Brasil desde el punto de vista de los libros de texto de los países latinoamericanos. Se analizaron diecisiete obras de Argentina, Ecuador, México y Venezuela. El objetivo es comprender en qué medida aún persiste la visión dominante de que la independencia de Brasil fue una ruptura “pacífica”. Para obtener un mayor respaldo analítico se recurrió a autores especialistas sobre la independencia de Brasil, tanto en su aspecto geopolítico como en sus dimensiones internas. El resultado fue que se notó el predominio de una visión aún conservadora, además de tener poca relevancia en el cuerpo de los materiales didácticos analizados. Queda la pregunta: después de todo, ¿por qué la historia de la independencia brasileña no asume centralidad en tales materiales? Esta pregunta busca estimular futuras investigaciones sobre este tema.
Dinámica desigual del comercio pesquero Brasil/China en la explotación del grude en Vigia (Pará, Brasil)
Authors: Siqueira dos Santos João Paulo , Monteiro de Oliveira Christian Dennys
Published: September 2023

Este trabajo de investigación, en formato de ensayo, busca demostrar y comprender, en general, la relación comercial entre espacios suministradores de materias primas in natura en la Amazonía brasileña, con países del sudeste asiático, especialmente China. Este comercio forma una cadena de producción que relaciona la pesca de especies de peces de alto valor comercial por sus carnes y derivados. Estos productos derivados de algunas especies de pescado se exportan a través de puertos y almacenes, principalmente del estado de Pará (Belém, Bragança y Vigia) a países asiáticos y europeos. Destacamos en este trabajo la vejiga natatoria del pescado (llamada popularmente de grude), que se extrae, principalmente de especies de bagre y merluza, como la gurijuba (Hexanematichthys parkeri) y la merluza amarilla (Cynoscionacoupa). El objeto de análisis en este estudio es el municipio de Vigia, almacén pesquero, que participa de la comercialización del grude. El resultado de la investigación pone en evidencia un proceso marcado por la dependencia y fragilidad de la producción regional brasileña con relación al mercado chino, contradiciendo las metas de integración y equidad de los países que componen los BRICS.
Interacción entre universidad pública y comunidad necesitada en Brasil: relato de una experiencia
Authors: Freudenheim Andrea Michele , Silveira Sergio Roberto
Published: September 2023

Este artículo relata una experiencia de interacción entre la USP y la comunidad necesitada de Jaguaré (São Paulo, Brasil), en las actividades extramuros de la disciplina de grado «Educación Física en la Segunda Infancia» ofrecida por la Escuela de Educación Física y Deporte. Dicha interacción tiene por objeto potenciar el proceso de formación profesional mediante el uso de métodos de enseñanza activos, cercanos al campo de actuación. Más específicamente, se trata de una investigación cualitativa cuyo principal objetivo es evaluar el aporte de esta interacción, mediada por un laboratorio didáctico, en la consecución de las metas de las instituciones involucradas. El análisis parte del programa de la asignatura, de las propuestas y objetivos de las instituciones asociadas y de los resultados y relatos concernientes a los laboratorios didácticos desarrollados en 2019. A partir de los resultados (cuantitativos y cualitativos) de la implementación de los laboratorios, que indican que la interacción favoreció el alcance de los objetivos formativos de las tres instituciones participantes, se puede concluir que la interacción entre la universidad y la comunidad necesitada de Jaguaré, constituyó una fructífera cooperación educativa.
Medical peep show. El uso de material pornográfico en tratamientos de reproducción asistida y clínicas de fertilidad
Authors: Gonnet Wainmayer Marcel
Published: September 2023

Este trabajo se propone rastrear algunos antecedentes sobre la utilización de pornografía en ambientes clínicos, y plantear preguntas sobre el tipo de consumo que se produce en estos espacios, la materialidad y las disposiciones en las que se envuelve al paciente/espectador. El artículo comienza por una revisión bibliográfica sobre el llamado Porno Positivo (Positive Porn), para luego trazar una breve genealogía de los dispositivos individuales dedicados a material erótico o pornográfico, y avanzar finalmente en una descripción de dispositivos actuales y sus dinámicas en instituciones médicas de Estados Unidos, Argentina y Brasil.
Survivability of freeze- and spray-dried probiotics and their effects on the growth and health performance of broilers
Authors: Buahom Juthamas , Siripornadulsil Surasak , Sukon Peerapol , Sooksawat Treerat , Siripornadulsil Wilailak
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: Many strains of probiotics have been exploited and used as animal dietary supplements for broiler production. The efficacy and survival of probiotics during production may reflect better activities of the probiotics in the host. This study investigated the effects of freeze- and spray-drying on the survivability and properties of probiotics and their ability to improve the growth and health performance of broilers.

Materials and Methods: Probiotic powders of four strains of lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus faecium CA4, Enterococcus durans CH33, Ligilactobacillus salivarius CH24, Pediococcus acidilactici SH8, and Bacillus subtilis KKU213, were prepared using rice bran/chitosan/carboxy methyl cellulose as the carrier. The survival of each probiotic strain was investigated under stress conditions, including freeze-drying, spray-drying, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The body weight gain (BWG) and intestinal histomorphology were determined to assess broiler growth performance.

Results: All dried probiotics yielded a high survival rate during freeze-drying (95.8-98.6%) and spray-drying (94.4-98.2%). In addition, an analysis of the main effect revealed that the effectiveness of freeze-drying was higher than that of spray-drying in minimizing the loss of cell viability. The antimicrobial activity of all immobilized dried probiotic strains against Salmonella was maintained. The immobilized probiotics tolerated a low pH value of 2.0 and 0.5% (w/v) bile salt. Probiotic administration of a mixture of the five dried probiotics to 1-day-old hatched male broilers at early and late ages resulted in potential colonization in the broiler intestine, and enhancements in the BWG, lipid metabolism, and gut health (villus height and cryptal depth) were observed in the probiotic-treated groups.

Conclusion: The administration of three doses of the spray-dried probiotic mixture at days 15, 17, and 19 after hatching was sufficient to achieve long-term growth and health benefits in broilers. This finding might provide a cost-effective alternative to the administration of commonly used antibiotics in broiler production.

Keywords: broilers, growth performance, immobilized probiotics, intestinal morphology, lactic acid bacteria.
Avian encephalomyelitis virus in backyard chickens
Authors: Al-Mubarak Abdullah I. A. , Hussen Jamal , Kandee Mahmoud , Al-Kubati Anwar A. G. , Falemban Baraa
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: Avian viral diseases usually cause high economic losses because of high morbidity and mortality and poor growth. The rearing of chickens in backyards could have an important role in the spread of certain diseases, particularly those of viral origin. Infected birds might be prone to many viral infections for several reasons, including a lack of vaccination programs, the mixing of different bird species in the same location, and the close interactions of these birds with wild and migratory birds carrying various pathogens. This study aimed to conduct serological surveillance of avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) in some backyard chickens in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods: Serum samples (n = 368) were collected from domestic chickens reared in 10 backyards in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. None of the domestic birds in these 10 backyards were vaccinated against the virus. In addition, 78 serum samples were collected from free-ranging birds belonging to Columbidae, such as pigeons and doves, in common areas near the domestic backyards. We tested these sera for specific antibodies against AEV.

Results: Our results revealed seroconversion to AEV among the examined chickens (14.6%). None of the tested pigeons and doves displayed seroconversion to AEV.

Conclusion: Seroconversion of these non-vaccinated birds against AEV was suggestive of a recent natural infection by this virus. Further studies with a large number of birds are required to molecularly characterize the circulating strains of this virus in this area.

Keywords: antibody, avian encephalomyelitis virus, backyard, chicken, encephalomyelitis virus, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, seroprevalence, the prevalence, wild birds.
A retrospective study of structural brain lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging in 114 cats with neurological signs
Authors: Prompinichpong Kreevith , Thengchaisri Naris , Suwanna Nirut , Tiraphut Bordin , Theerapan Wutthiwong , Steiner Jörg M. , Sattasathuchana Panpicha
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used as a non-invasive modality to evaluate neurological organ structures. However, brain MRI studies in cats with neurological signs are limited. This study evaluated the association between patient characteristics, neurological signs, and brain lesion locations identified by MRI. Blood profiles of cats with presumptive inflammatory and structural brain lesions were also determined.

Materials and Methods: Medical records of 114 cats that underwent brain MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Cats were categorized into five groups based on the location of their lesion: Cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, multifocal, and non-structural. Patient characteristics, neurological signs, and hematological profiles were obtained from their medical records. Disease classification was categorized based on their etiologies. Associations were determined using Fisher's exact test. Blood parameters were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: A total of 114 cats met the inclusion criteria. Lesions were identified in the cerebrum (21.1%), brainstem (8.8%), cerebellum (6.1%), multifocal (39.5%), and non-structural (24.6%) of the cats. Common neurological signs included seizure activity (56.1%), cerebellar signs (41.2%), and anisocoria (25.4%). The most common brain abnormality was inflammation (40.4%). There was no significant difference in hematological profiles between cats with presumptive inflammatory and non-inflammatory brain lesions. Neutrophils, platelets, total protein, and globulin concentrations were higher in cats with structural brain lesions.

Conclusion: The most common neurological signs and brain disease category were seizure activity and inflammation, respectively. However, the hematological profile did not predict inflammatory and structural brain lesions. Further studies with a large number of birds are required to molecularly characterize the circulating strains of this virus in this area.

Keywords: brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum, feline, seizure.
Designing one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus detection during the 2022 outbreak in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Aksono Eduardus Bimo , Lamid Mirni , Rimayanti Rimayanti , Hamid Iwan Sahrial , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Widjiati Widjiati , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Puspitasari Heni , Fitria Munawaroh , Fajar Nur Syamsiatul , Suwanti Lucia Tri , Nusdianto Nusdianto , Zaidan Andi Hamim , Kanai Yuta , Sucipto Teguh Hari
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: Various methods can detect foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cows, but they necessitate resources, time, costs, laboratory facilities, and specific clinical specimen submission, often leading to FMD virus (FMDV) diagnosis delays. The 2022 FMD outbreak in East Java, Indonesia, highlighted the need for an easy, inexpensive, rapid, and accurate detection approach. This study aims to devise a one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) technique and phylogenetic analysis to detect the serotype O FMDV outbreak in East Java.

Materials and Methods: Swab samples were collected from the foot vesicles, nasal secretions, and saliva of five suspected FMDV-infected cows in East Java between June and July 2022. The RT-LAMP design used hydroxy naphthol blue dye or SYBR Green I dye, with confirmatory analysis through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting 249 base pairs. PCR products underwent purification, sequencing, and nucleotide alignment, followed by phylogenetic analysis.

Results: The RT-LAMP method using hydroxy naphthol blue dye displayed a positive reaction through a color shift from purple to blue in the tube. Naked-eye observation in standard light or ultraviolet (UV) light at 365 nm, with SYBR Green I stain, also revealed color change. Specifically, using SYBR Green I dye, UV light at 365 nm revealed a color shift from yellow to green, signifying a positive reaction. Nucleotide alignment revealed mutations and deletion at the 15th sequence in the JT-INDO-K3 isolate from the East Java FMDV outbreak. Despite differing branches, the phylogenetic tree placed it in the same cluster as serotype O FMDV from Malaysia and Mongolia.

Conclusion: JT-INDO-K3 exhibited distinctions from Indonesian serotype O FMDV isolates and those documented in GenBank. Then, the RT-LAMP method used in this study has a detection limit 10 times higher latter than the conventional RT-PCR limit, without any cross-reactivity among strains.

Keywords: cow, East Java, foot-and-mouth disease virus, reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, serotype O.
Az indo-csendes-óceáni térség világpolitikai jelentősége – Interjú Goreczky Péterrel
Authors: Köz-gazdaság
Published: September 2023

A Köz-gazdaság interjút kért Goreczky Pétertől az indo-csendes- óceáni térség világpolitikai és világgazdasági szerepéről. Az interjú során érintettük a térségben jelen lévő nagyhatalmak működését, a térség országainak fejlődési elképzeléseit és a térség hozzájárulását a világpolitikai stabilitáshoz.
“Successful entrepreneurs, known for their commitment to honest business conduct, can play an instrumental role as mentors, guiding and motivating the youth.” – Interview with Professor Mladen J. Cudanov, Professor Sandra Jednak and Dr. Nedeljko Milosavljevic from Serbia, University of Belgrade
Authors: Huszák Loretta , Trautmann László
Published: September 2023

The Review of Economic Theory and Policy requested an interview from Professor Mladen J. Cudanov, Professor Sandra Jednak and Nedeljko Milosavljevic, PhD about the entrepreneurial activity in Serbia and the development path of the Serbian economy regarding the role of entrepreneurs. Mladen J. Cudanov is full professor at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Sandra Jednak is also full professor and dean at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade and Nedeljko Milosavljevic is the Director of the Center for Technology Transfer at the University of Belgrade.
Fiatalok vállalkozás indítását serkentő és gátló tényezők vizsgálata fiatal vállalkozók megkérdezése alapján = Exploring the Factors That Encourage and Discourage Young People to Start a Business, Based on a Survey of Young Entrepreneurs
Authors: Kerékgyártó Gábor
Published: September 2023

A dolgozatomban egy kutatás eredményét mutatom be, mely 40 éves vagy annál fiatalabb, a kutatás idején működő vállalkozással rendelkező fiatalok kérdőíves megkérdezésén alapul. Habár a populáció sajátosságai miatt teljesen véletlenszerű mintavételre nem volt mód, de a többcsatornás kommunikáció során a populáció kb. 10%-át sikerült elérni. Az elért fiatal vállalkozók 1%-a töltötte ki önkéntesen a kérdőívet. A 243 válaszoló területileg, életkor, nem és iskolai végzettség szerint magas heterogenitással rendelkezik. A kutatás sok tekintetben a korábbi, teljes fiatalság körében végzett kutatásokkal hasonló eredményt hozott például a függetlenség és az anyagi előnyök széleskörben fontos motiváló erejét tekintve, ugyanakkor a családi háttér már erős szórást mutatott. Érthető módon ez utóbbi a vállalkozói családból származók esetében volt fontos, ugyanakkor a minta jellemzőiből az derült ki, hogy nem vállalkozói családból is sok fiatal indít vállalkozást. Az ifjúsági vállalkozásfejlesztés területén vélhetően érdemes ezt a csoportot külön kezelni, hiszen esetükben magasabb tudásbeli és érzelmi küszöböt jelenthet a saját vállalkozás indítása.
Monitoring Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease at High Risk of Anal Cancer
Authors: Cairns Cassandra A. , Cross Raymond K. , Khambaty Mariam , Bafford Andrea C.
Published: September 2023

Anal cancer is a rare but deadly disease that disproportionately affects patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Rates of adenocarcinoma and human papillomavirus–related squamous cell carcinoma have been consistently demonstrated to be higher in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Despite this increased risk, uniform screening, diagnosis, and treatment algorithms are lacking. This review describes the most recent literature surrounding anal cancer in the IBD population as well as the unique challenges inherent in diagnosing and treating this population. We conclude by proposing a new screening motif based off literature review and multidisciplinary clinical experience that aims to increase early detection of anal cancers in the IBD population.
Functionalization methods of carbon fibers – an overview
Authors: Magdziarz Sylwia , Frączyk Justyna , Boguń Maciej
Published: September 2023

This article is a literature review related to the methods of functionalization of carbon fibers for tissue engineering applications. Through physical modification, it is possible to obtain a layer of a chemical compound on the carbon fibers surface and to impart additional properties. On the other hand, chemical modification may lead to the incorporation of appropriate functional groups into the carbon fiber structure, capable of attaching, among others, biologically active compounds. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of the carbon fibers modifying methods, with particular emphasis on the use of such modified fibers in medicine.
Influence of terephthalic and orthophthalic units on the properties of polyols and polyurethane foams
Authors: Tarnawski Wiesław , Tokarski Mateusz , Czernecka Wiktoria
Published: September 2023

The effect of aromatic ring substitution in the polyester polyol molecule on its physicochemicalproperties and on the conditions of synthesis, fire resistance and thermal stability of polyurethanefoams was investigated. The greater number of terephthalic units in the polyol results in greater viscosityand reactivity during foam formation. The obtained foams were characterized by higher thermalstability (TGA) and fire resistance (oxygen index, single flame test).