bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Relief and Slope in Agricultural Land Use: A Case Study in Valapattanam River Basin in Kannur District, Kerala Using GIS and Remote Sensing
Authors: Jyothirmayi P. , Sukumar B.
Published: May 2019

The land is a delineable area of the earth's surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface. Physical characteristics of the land determine agricultural land use. Among them, relief and slope play an important role. Aim of this study is to establish the relationship of relief and slope with agricultural land use in Valapattanam River basin in Kannur district using GIS and Remote sensing.

The Survey of India Topographic maps in 1:50000 scale was used as a base map for delineating the basin. Contours were digitized and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was generated. Agricultural land use map was prepared using satellite digital data by the digital image processing method using ERDAS IMAGINE image processing software. Agricultural land use map was intersected with the relief and slope classes in ArcGIS software. Areas were calculated and the trend of agricultural land use patterns was studied. The study revealed that there is a strong correlation between Agricultural land use and relief and slope in the Valapattanam River basin.

Most of the area under paddy, coconut, mixed crops like banana and tapioca concentrated below 20 m height in the coastal plain and valley regions of the basin. Rubber mostly cultivated between 100 and 300 meters with slopes between 3 to 12 degrees. Agriculture is limited up to 18-degree slope and 300 m height. Areas of more than 300 m height are occupied mostly by forest.
Ziegler–Natta catalyst sonofragmentation for controlling size and size distribution of the produced polymer particles
Authors: Klaue Antoine , Kruck Matthias , Binel Pietro , Friederichs Nic , Bertola Francesco , Wu Hua , Morbidelli Massimo
Published: May 2019

The size of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst (ZNC) particles can have a strong impact on their activity and the size and size distribution (SD) of the final polymer particles. In this work, we apply sonofragmentation to break the ZNC particles dispersed in hexane. Our main goals are first to monitor the breakage induced by the ultrasonic power to understand the kinetics and the effect of sonofragmentation on the colloidal stability of the ZNC particles. Second, we explore the effect of sonofragmentation on the polymerization performance of the ZNC particles. It is found that sonofragmentation can not only reduce the size but also narrow the SD of the ZNC particles. From the tests of ethylene polymerization, we observed that the catalyst yield of the sonofragmentation‐treated ZNC is substantially higher than that of the untreated one and that the obtained polymer particles exhibit a smaller average size and a narrower SD.
Splice variant in ARX leading to loss of C‐terminal region in a boy with intellectual disability and infantile onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Shoubridge Cheryl , Jackson Matilda , Grinton Bronwyn , Berkovic Samuel F. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Huskins Shannon , Thomas Alison , Ware Tyson
Published: May 2019

Pathogenic variants in the X‐chromosome Aristaless‐related homeobox (ARX) gene contribute to intellectual disability, epilepsy, and associated comorbidities in affected males. Here, we report a novel splice variant in ARX in a family with three affected individuals. The proband had early onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, his brother and mother had severe and mild intellectual disability, respectively. Massively parallel sequencing identified a novel c.1449‐1G>C in intron 4 of the ARX gene, predicted to abolish the splice acceptor site, retaining intron 4 and leading to a premature termination codon immediately after exon 4. As exon 5 is the last exon of the ARX gene, the premature termination codon at position p.L484* would be predicted to escape nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay, potentially producing at least some C‐terminally truncated protein. Analysis of cDNA from patient lymphoblastoid cells confirmed retention of intron 4 and loss of detectable expression of ARX mRNA across exon 4 to exon 5. We review published cases of variants that lead to altered or early termination of the ARX protein, but not complete loss of function, and are associated with phenotypes of intellectual disability and infantile onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, including Ohtahara and West syndromes. Taken together, this novel splice variant retaining intron 4 is likely to be the cause of the early onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in the proband.
Kovalente organische Gerüstverbindungen: chemische Ansätze für Designerstrukturen und integrierte Funktionen
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Geng Keyu , Liu Ruoyang , Tan Ke Tian , Gong Yifan , Li Zhongping , Tao Shanshan , Jiang Qiuhong , Jiang Donglin
Published: May 2019

Die Fortschritte der Chemie im letzten Jahrzehnt ebnen neue Wege zur Gestaltung organischer Polymere über Topologiediagramme. Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht das kovalente Zusammenfügen organischer Einheiten zu geordneten Topologien einer neuen Polymerform, den kovalenten organischen Gerüstverbindungen. Dies bedeutet einen Durchbruch in der Chemie, da nunmehr eine molekulare Plattform für die Synthese von Polymeren mit vorbestimmbaren Primärstrukturen und Strukturen höherer Ordnung zur Verfügung steht, ein zentrales Ziel, das über ein Jahrhundert lang angestrebt wurde, mit herkömmlichen Gestaltungsprinzipien aber nicht erreichbar war. Das neue Gebiet entwickelt seine eigenen Eigenschaften, die sich von jenen herkömmlicher Polymere unterscheiden. Unser Aufsatz fasst die Grundlagen und wichtigsten Fortschritte zusammen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Chemie des Strukturdesigns liegt, einschließlich der Grundgedanken, Synthesestrategien und Kontrollverfahren. Wir prüfen integrierte, für die Strukturen spezifische Funktionen, indem wir verschiedene Wechselspiele und Mechanismen aufzeigen, die an der Expression der Funktion beteiligt sind. Wir benennen grundlegende Probleme, die in der Chemie und in zukünftigen Forschungsrichtungen der Physik und Materialwissenschaft zu adressieren sind, und beschreiben Anwendungsmöglichkeiten.
Covalency‐Driven Preservation of Local Charge Densities in a Metal‐to‐Ligand Charge‐Transfer Excited Iron Photosensitizer
Authors: Jay Raphael M. , Eckert Sebastian , Vaz da Cruz Vinícius , Fondell Mattis , Mitzner Rolf , Föhlisch Alexander
Published: May 2019

Covalency is found to even out charge separation after photo‐oxidation of the metal center in the metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer state of an iron photosensitizer. The σ‐donation ability of the ligands compensates for the loss of iron 3d electronic charge, thereby upholding the initial metal charge density and preserving the local noble‐gas configuration. These findings are enabled through element‐specific and orbital‐selective time‐resolved X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at the iron L‐edge. Thus, valence orbital populations around the central metal are directly accessible. In conjunction with density functional theory we conclude that the picture of a localized charge‐separation is inadequate. However, the unpaired spin density provides a suitable representation of the electron–hole pair associated with the electron‐transfer process.
Synthesis of Spiro‐dihydrofuran in the Presence of a Novel and Reusable Nanocatalyst Cu (II)‐Glycerol/MCM‐41
Authors: Batmani Hana , Noroozi Pesyan Nader , Havasi Forugh , Aalinejad Michael
Published: May 2019

The use of supported Cu complex on mesoporous as a novel, efficient, heterogeneous, reusable and green catalyst for the synthesis of spiro‐dihydrofuran derivatives is reported. This methodology is effective for the reaction of dimedone with a wide range of aldehyde in the presence of BrCN and triethylamine. The structure of catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as EDX, SEM, TGA, ICP‐OES, XRD, TEM, FT‐IR, and BET. The recycled nanocatalyst was used at least five times with no significant loss of its activity.
Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of new 2‐isonicotinoyl‐N‐phenylhydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide and its metal complexes
Authors: Hosny Nasser M. , Hassan Nader Y. , Mahmoud Heba M. , Abdel‐Rhman Mohamed H.
Published: May 2019

The reaction of the newly synthesized ligand, 2‐isonicotinoyl‐N‐phenylhydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide (H3L), with acetate salt of Co (II), Cu (II),Ni (II) and Zn (II) led to isolation of four solid complexes. The ligand and complexes structure elucidation were based on elemental analyses, spectral analyses (IR, UV–Visible, 1H and13C‐NMR, MS and ESR), TGA, molar conductivity and magnetic moments measurements. The results indicated that the ligand exists in the thioketo form, while on coordination to the metal ions; it behaves as mono‐negative bidentate chelate and exists in enol form. The optical band gap measurements of the ligand and its metal complexes are in the range 3.83–4.48 eV indicating their semi‐conducting character. The cytotoxicity examination of H3L and its Zn (II) complex showed that the ligand have very strong cytotoxicity against both HCT‐116 and HEPG‐2 cell lines while, Zn (II) complex has moderate activity.
Study on physisorption between phycocyanin and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Xiujuan , Zhao Xinyu , Yuan Ming , Han Rong , Lian Jiaqi , Zhao Xinmin , Ji Xiang , Zhang Feng
Published: May 2019

Interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and biomolecules, especially proteins, have attracted increasing attention. Photoresponsive proteins have shown high potential for optogenetic research. The combination between optogenetics and nanotechnology will bring a new biological era in which photoresponsive proteins will inevitably encounter NPs, therefore their interactions will be a key point to investigate. Here, we have systematically studied the interactions between a photoresponsive protein (called phycocyanin, PC) and a typical kind of amphiphilic polymer‐coated gold NPs (AP–AuNPs) using fluorescence quenching methods. The results showed that the binding constant between PCs and AP–AuNPs is 4.427 × 106 M–1 with a positive cooperativity, and the robust affinity was hydrophobic interaction driven mortise–tenon conjugation, which could even resist gel electrophoresis. These results could also shed light on potential designs for building up artificial protein–NP light‐harvesting systems.
Impact of automated response systems on in‐class cell phone use
Authors: Moorleghen Dylan M. , Oli Naresh , Crowe Alison J. , Liepkalns Justine S. , Self Casey J. , Doherty Jennifer H.
Published: May 2019

Cell phones have long been known as a potential distraction from attention intensive activities such as studying and driving. Many, however, are developing the cell phone as a powerful tool to augment some of these same activities. Audience response systems (ARSs) are a type of teaching tool that allows educators to poll audience members in real time. Increasingly, cell phones are being integrated into ARSs to make them more versatile and affordable. As cell phones and other personal electronic devices (tablets, laptops) are becoming more common classroom learning tools, we sought to explore how student cell phone use is impacted by this change. Additionally, we studied how a student's seat location and how the time during a term impacts students' cell phone use. To measure student cell phone use in lecture, we observed introductory biology classes at the University of Washington and recorded when students' cell phones were visible. We found that students sitting in the back of the room showed an increased likelihood of having a cell phone out. However contrary to our expectations, students using personal device (cell phone) based polling technology were no more likely to be using cell phones during lecture than their peers using traditional ARSs. Our results suggest that the downsides to using cell phones as teaching tools may be limited. © 2019 The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):538–546, 2019.
Cordycepin‐induced unfolded protein response‐dependent cell death, and AKT/MAPK‐mediated drug resistance in mouse testicular tumor cells
Authors: Chang Ming‐Min , Pan Bo‐Syong , Wang Chia‐Yih , Huang Bu‐Miin
Published: May 2019

Testicular cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men at 15‐44 years of age, and radical orchidectomy combined with chemotherapy is currently considered as the standard treatment. However, drugs resistance and side effects that impact the quality of life for patients with testicular cancer have not been markedly improved in recent decades. In this study, we characterized the pharmacological exacerbation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is an effective approach to kill testicular cancer cells, by carrying out a clustering analysis of mRNA expression profiles and the immunobloting examination of cordycepin‐treated MA‐10 cells. The UPR is executed in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress to complement by an apoptotic response if the defect cannot be resolved. Results showed that cordycepin significantly modulated FoxO/P15/P27, PERK‐eIF2α (apoptotic), and the IRE1‐XBP1 (adaptive) UPR pathways. Interestingly, a fraction of MA‐10 cells survived after cordycepin treatment, the AKT, LC3 I/II, and MAPK signaling pathways were highly induced in attached cells as compared to the suspended cells, illustrating the drug resistance to cordycepin via activating AKT and MAPK pathways in MA‐10 cells. In summary, PERK‐eIF2α signaling pathway is required for pro‐apoptotic UPR in MA‐10 cell death following cordycepin treatment, suggesting a potential therapeutic application in treating testicular cancer. However, activation of AKT and MAPK pathways could possibly result in drug resistance to cordycepin in MA‐10 cells.
Conjugated‐Polymer‐Based Nanoparticles with Efficient NIR‐II Fluorescent, Photoacoustic and Photothermal Performance
Authors: Miao Yawei , Gu Chuantao , Yu Bing , Zhu Yaowei , Zou Wentao , Shen Youqing , Cong Hailin
Published: May 2019

Fluorescence imaging (FI) and photoacoustic imaging (PA) play important roles in the real‐time assessment of cell‐based therapies. However, the limitations of conventional organic fluorescence contrast agents and the narrow range of the emission wavelength in the first near‐infrared (NIR‐I) window (750–900 nm) hamper applications of fluorescence imaging in living subjects. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a short‐wave infrared FI contrast agent and PA contrast agent based on a conjugated polymer—poly{2,5‐bis[(5‐thiophen‐2‐yl)methylene]‐3,6‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐2,5‐dihydropyrazine}—and its use to construct multifunctional nanoparticles to simplify photothermal therapy.
Reirradiation of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma: A case report
Authors: Chiola Ilaria , Belgioia Liliana , Vaccara Elena M. L. , Gusinu Marco , Corvò Renzo
Published: May 2019

We report here the case of a patient with 4 years long‐term survival after treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy with good local control. This case highlights the possible role of radiation therapy in this tumor.
Structure Optimization of Vessel Seawater Desulphurization Scrubber Based on CFD and SVM‐GA Methods
Authors: Yang Dewei , Zhong Wenqi , Chen Xi , Zhan Jincheng , Wang Guanghong
Published: May 2019

The miniaturization of the scrubber used in vessel flue gas desulphurization is a critical issue. In this study, the structure optimization of the vessel desulphurization scrubber based on CFD (computational fluid dynamics) and the SVM‐GA (support vector machine and genetic algorithm) is performed and a miniaturized scrubber design with the same desulphurization efficiency as large scrubbers is obtained. First, the seawater SO2 absorption process in a vessel desulphurization scrubber is investigated using the CFD‐DPM method, and the effects of the operating and structural parameters on the desulphurization efficiency η are discussed in detail. Results show that η is positively correlated to the absorption area height, H2, and the spray level number, N, and η first increases and then decreases with an increase in the scrubber diameter, D1, as well as the inlet flue angle, θ. Then, a prediction model of η considering D1, H2, θ, and N is established and validated using the SVM with the simulation data. Finally, D1, H2, θ, and N are optimized using the GA method based on the SVM model. The results show that the volume of the absorption area, Vab, can be reduced by 30 % while maintaining the same η through the use of this optimization method.
Nitric oxide emissions and temperature evolution during the char grate‐fired process
Authors: Xu Li , Du Qian , Zhao Guangbo , Sun Qiaoqun , Gao Jianmin , Li Ximei , Zhao Laifu , Zhao Wei , Wu Shaohua , Qin Yukun
Published: May 2019

Understanding the char grate‐fired process is key to developing a low‐nitric oxide (NO) technology for industrial boilers. In this work, char combustion and NO emissions during a grate‐fired process were studied in a small‐scale one‐dimensional fixed‐bed system by adjusting the char/oxygen (O2) ratio. Evolution of the surface temperature of the char bed was measured using an infrared temperature measurement system. As the char/O2 ratio increased, a reaction layering of the char bed occurred. The char bed can be divided into oxygen‐absent and ‐present parts in time, and into reduction and oxidation layers in space. This kind of division was determined by the complete oxidation layer that could deplete all O2. The reduction layer could reduce NO emissions well. With the increase of the char/O2 ratio, the char mass proportion of the oxygen‐absent part increased, while that of the oxygen‐present decreased; and the NO emissions and conversion rate of char nitrogen decreased. When combustion began, char started to burn and released a large amount of heat, and the surface temperatures of both the oxidation and reduction layers increased, with a larger rise of the former of about 260 °C. As the reaction proceeded, the surface temperature of the oxidation layer gradually decreased, while that of the reduction layer increased until the char bed was burnt through.
Triggering Tautomerization of Curcumin by Confinement into Liposomes
Authors: Girardon Maxime , Parant Stéphane , Monari Antonio , Dehez François , Chipot Christophe , Rogalska Ewa , Canilho Nadia , Pasc Andreea
Published: May 2019

Although solvent polarity, pH and temperature have been reported to affect the keto‐enol equilibrium of curcumin, the synergistic effect of concentration and confinement is demonstrated for the first time herein. To this end, curcumin was encapsulated into vesicles of soy lecithin of about 100 nm in diameter. The keto form is favoured in the dilute regime (up to 2 μM). Above this concentration, tautomerization is shifted towards the enol form, as shown by fluorescence and compression isotherm studies. Moreover, molecular modeling and free‐energy profiles, together with simulation of the optical properties of the curcumin isomers, allowed us to dissect the interaction of the keto and enol forms with a model membrane and confirm the concentration‐triggered tautomerization of curcumin under confinement.
Plasma levels of von Willebrand factor in type 2 diabetes patients with and without cardiovascular diseases: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng Xun , Wang Xia , Fan Mengge , Zhao Junyu , Lin Liao , Liu Ju
Published: May 2019

Chronic vascular complications are the major causes of death and disability of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. von Willebrand factor (vWF) is involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Previous studies showed elevated plasma levels of vWF in T2DM patients with CVD, but the association has not been validated. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare plasma levels of vWF in T2DM patients with and without CVD. We performed a meta‐analysis based on published case‐control studies of vWF in T2DM patients with and without CVD indexed in PubMed and other databases updated to April 2018. After independently assessing methodological quality and extracting data, 9 eligible studies were obtained including 576 cases and 632 controls. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using random‐effects model. Meta‐analysis showed that plasma level of vWF was significantly higher in T2DM patients with CVD than T2DM patients without CVD (SMD = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.32‐0.90; P < .00001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. Plasma levels of vWF are significantly elevated in patients with T2DM complicated by CVD. This study helps further characterize the prognostic value of vWF for cardiovascular complications in T2DM patients.
Ecosystem services provided by bromeliad plants: A systematic review
Authors: Ladino Geraldine , Ospina‐Bautista Fabiola , Estévez Varón Jaime , Jerabkova Lucie , Kratina Pavel
Published: May 2019

The unprecedented loss of biological diversity has negative impacts on ecosystems and the associated benefits which they provide to humans. Bromeliads have high diversity throughout the Neotropics, but they have been negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, invasive species, and commercialization for ornamental purpose. These plants provide direct benefits to the human society, and they also form microecosystems in which accumulated water and nutrients support the communities of aquatic and terrestrial species, thus maintaining local diversity. We performed a systematic review of the contribution of bromeliads to ecosystem services across their native geographical distribution. We showed that bromeliads provide a range of ecosystem services such as maintenance of biodiversity, community structure, nutrient cycling, and the provisioning of food and water. Moreover, bromeliads can regulate the spread of diseases, and water and carbon cycling, and they have the potential to become important sources of chemical and pharmaceutical products. The majority of this research was performed in Brazil, but future research from other Neotropical countries with a high diversity of bromeliads would fill the current knowledge gaps and increase the generality of these findings. This systematic review identified that future research should focus on provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that have been currently overlooked. This would enhance our understanding of how bromeliad diversity contributes to human welfare, and the negative consequences that loss of bromeliad plants can have on communities of other species and the healthy functioning of the entire ecosystems.
Biomarker guidance allows a more personalized allocation of patients for remote patient management in heart failure: results from the TIM‐HF2 trial
Authors: Möckel Martin , Koehler Kerstin , Anker Stefan D. , Vollert Jörn , Moeller Volker , Koehler Magdalena , Gehrig Stefan , Wiemer Jan C. , von Haehling Stephan , Koehler Friedrich
Published: May 2019

Aims

The TIM‐HF2 study showed less days lost due to unplanned cardiovascular hospitalization or all‐cause death and improved survival in patients randomly assigned to remote patient management (RPM) instead of standard of care.

Methods and results

This substudy explored whether the biomarkers mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) could be used to identify low‐risk patients unlikely to benefit from RPM, thereby allowing more efficient allocation of the intervention. For 1538 patients of the trial (median age 73 years, interquartile range 64–78 years, 30% female), baseline biomarkers were used to select subpopulations recommended for RPM with various safety endpoints (100%, 98%, 95% sensitivity), and efficacy of RPM was assessed. Both biomarkers were strongly associated with events. The primary endpoint of lost days increased from 1.0% (1.4%) in the lowest to 17.3% (17.6%) in the highest quintile of NT‐proBNP (MR‐proADM). After combining biomarkers to identify patients recommended for RPM with 95% sensitivity, in the most efficient scenario (excluding 27% of patients; NT‐proBNP < 413.7 pg/mL and MR‐proADM < 0.75 nmol/L), the effect of RPM on patients was highly similar to the original trial (ratio of lost days: 0.78, hazard ratio for all‐cause death: 0.68). Number needed to treat for all‐cause death was lowered from 28 to 21. Rates of emergencies and telemedical efforts were significantly lower among patients not recommended for RPM. Biomarker guidance would have saved about 150 h effort/year per 100 patients of the eligible population.

Conclusions

The combined use of MR‐proADM and NT‐proBNP may allow safe, more precise, effective and cost‐saving allocation of patients with heart failure to RPM and warrants further prospective studies.
A new approach to forecasting intermittent demand based on the mixed zero‐truncated Poisson model
Authors: Jiang Aiping , Tam Kwok Leung , Guo Xiaoyun , Zhang Yufeng
Published: May 2019

This paper proposes a new approach to forecasting intermittent demand by considering the effects of external factors. We classify intermittent demand data into two parts—zero value and nonzero value—and fit nonzero values into a mixed zero‐truncated Poisson model. All the parameters in this model are obtained by an EM algorithm, which regards external factors as independent variables of a logistic regression model and log‐linear regression model. We then calculate the probability of occurrence of zero value at each period and predict demand occurrence by comparing it with critical value. When demand occurs, we use the weighted average of the mixed zero‐truncated Poisson model as predicted nonzero demands, which are combined with predicted demand occurrences to form the final forecasting demand series. Two performance measures are developed to assess the forecasting methods. By presenting a case study of electric power material from the State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company in China, we show that our approach provides greater accuracy in forecasting than the Poisson model, the hurdle shifted Poisson model, the hurdle Poisson model, and Croston's method.
Freezing point temperature is in favor of not‐from‐concentrate apple juice storage
Authors: Gou Xiaoju , Tian You , Yang Xi , Sun Lijun , Guo Yurong
Published: May 2019

The short storage period is still a problem hindering the promotion of not‐from‐concentrate (NFC) apple juice, despite the fact it possesses higher nutritional value and more attractive taste compared with its concentrated counterparts. In this study, we compared the effects of temperature range including room temperature (25°C), refrigerator temperature (4°C), freezing point temperature (−1.5°C), and frozen temperature (−18°C), respectively, on the quality of NFC apple juices during a long storage period (150 days). The results suggested that all the juices exhibited good safety during the storage, and the juice stored at −1.5°C possessed higher polyphenol contents, physicochemical properties, less color alteration, and less loss of aroma and taste than 25 and 4°C. Besides, although an exceedingly low temperature (−18°C) could greatly retard the juice deterioration, the loss of aroma and taste was significant. Overall, our results indicated that the NFC juice was most favored by storage at freezing point temperature (−1.5°C), with the highest similarity to the freshly squeezed apple juice.
A comparison of two workflows for regulome and transcriptome‐based prioritization of genetic variants associated with myocardial mass
Authors: Manduchi Elisabetta , Hemerich Daiane , van Setten Jessica , Tragante Vinicius , Harakalova Magdalena , Pei Jiayi , Williams Scott M. , van der Harst Pim , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Moore Jason H.
Published: May 2019

A typical task arising from main effect analyses in a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) is to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in linkage disequilibrium with the observed signals, that are likely causal variants and the affected genes. The affected genes may not be those closest to associating SNPs. Functional genomics data from relevant tissues are believed to be helpful in selecting likely causal SNPs and interpreting implicated biological mechanisms, ultimately facilitating prevention and treatment in the case of a disease trait. These data are typically used post GWAS analyses to fine‐map the statistically significant signals identified agnostically by testing all SNPs and applying a multiple testing correction. The number of tested SNPs is typically in the millions, so the multiple testing burden is high. Motivated by this, in this study we investigated an alternative workflow, which consists in utilizing the available functional genomics data as a first step to reduce the number of SNPs tested for association. We analyzed GWAS on electrocardiographic QRS duration using these two workflows. The alternative workflow identified more SNPs, including some residing in loci not discovered with the typical workflow. Moreover, the latter are corroborated by other reports on QRS duration. This indicates the potential value of incorporating functional genomics information at the onset in GWAS analyses.
An 11‐lncRNA expression could be potential prognostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Qingyong , Yin Hang , Ao Haijiao , Leng Xue , Liu Mingdong , Liu Yang , Ma Jianqun , Wang Xiaoyuan
Published: May 2019

The aim of our study is to construct the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and identify key long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to predict prognosis. The genes whose expression were differentially in HNSCC and normal tissues were explored by the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The ceRNA network was constructed by the Cytoscape software. The lncRNAs which could estimate the overall survival were explored from Cox proportional hazards regression. There are 1997, 589, and 82 mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs whose expression were statistically significant different, respectively. Then, the network between miRNA and mRNA or miRNA and lncRNA was constructed by miRcode, miRDB, TargetScan, and miRanda. Five mRNAs, 10 lncRNAs, and 3 miRNAs were associated with overall survival. Then, 11‐lncRNAs were found to be prognostic factors. Therefore, our research analyzed the potential signature of novel 11‐lncRNA as candidate prognostic biomarker from the ceRNA network for patients with HNSCC.
Donor→acceptor coordination interactions in 1,3‐bis(NHC)triazenyl Cations: An electronic structure analysis
Authors: Singh Tejender , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: May 2019

Donor→acceptor coordination interactions (L → N) between ligands and nitrogen center as in L → N⊕ ← L were reported in the recent past. This article describes the possibility of L → N coordination interactions in triazenyl cation species L → N3⊕ ← L. A few 1,3‐bis(NHC)triazenyl cation species were experimentally known, the electronic structure analysis reported in this work reveals the presence of L → N (donor→acceptor) interactions in these species. Molecular orbital analysis, NBO charge analysis, energy decomposition analysis, and so forth, confirm the possibility of L → N coordination bond character. Ten molecules with the general formula L → N3⊕ ← L have been designed carrying L → N3⊕ ← L interactions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A convenient route toward one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of spirochromenes and pyranopyrazoles accelerated via quinolinic acid
Authors: Oudi Maryam , Sanchooli Tazeh Kazem , Hazeri Nourallah , Fatahpour Maryam , Ahmadi Raheleh
Published: May 2019

In the present work, the catalytic activity of quinolinic acid (QUIN) was studied for the synthesis of spirochromene and pyranopyrazole derivatives from readily available materials. The salient features of these one‐pot multicomponent protocols are the clean reaction profile, easy isolation of products, no chromatographic separation techniques, high efficiency, short reaction time, and high yield of products plus using QUIN as a new, inexpensive, commercially available, and efficient organocatalyst.
The expression of estrogen receptors during the Mytilus galloprovincialis ovarian cycle
Authors: Agnese Marisa , Rosati Luigi , Prisco Marina , Borzacchiello Luigi , Abagnale Ludovico , Andreuccetti Piero
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to assess, by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization, the expression of estrogen receptors ER1 and ER2 during the ovarian cycle of Mytilus galloprovincialis. By considering four phases of the reproductive cycle, that is stasis and previtellogenic stage (Stage 0), early vitellogenesis (Stage I), vitellogenesis (Stage II), full‐grown oocyte (Stage III), our investigation demonstrates that the two receptors are differently expressed during the phases investigated of the ovarian cycle: ER1 reaches the highest level at Stage III, whereas ER2 reaches the highest level at Stage II, with ER2 always present at higher levels than ER1. The stage‐dependent receptor expression was recorded within oocytes, follicle cells, and adipogranular cells. No ER1 and ER2 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were found within vesicular cells. It is to be noted that the ER1 and ER2 expression within the growing oocytes, the follicular, and adipogranular cells overlaps with that of the mRNA for vitellogenin in the same cells, strongly suggesting that in Mytilus, as in vertebrates studied so far, the vitellogenin expression is under the control of estrogens.
Explant liver evaluation decodes the mystery of cryptogenic cirrhosis!
Authors: Jain Mayank , Venkataraman Jayanthi , Varghese Joy , Vij Mukul , Reddy Mettu S , Rela Mohamed
Published: May 2019

Background and Aim

To determine the concordance of liver explants with the pretransplant diagnosis.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of 251 liver explants. Patient information included demography, comorbidity, and etiological diagnosis. Final diagnosis was based on morphological and histological findings. For non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cryptogenic cirrhosis, we investigated comorbid states such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Chi square test and Cohen's Kappa value were used. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

A total of 192 patients (76.5%) were males. A significant concordance of explant diagnosis with pretransplant diagnosis was present in 225 (89.6%) patients. It was 100% for alcohol‐related disease, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, autoimmune (AI) liver disease, biliary cirrhosis, and Budd–Chiari syndrome. Of 37 patients with a pretransplant diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis, major discordance was observed in 23 (62.1%). On explant, seven patients each had hemochromatosis 5 (13.5%), AI hepatitis, and NASH (18.9%); two had noncirrhotic fibrosis (5.4%); and one each had Wilson's disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis (2.7%). Of the 20 explants, 3 with pretransplant diagnosis of NASH had a diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis on explant specimens. Cohen's Kappa for the concordance of pretransplant diagnosis and explant diagnosis in NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis patients was 0.75 and 0.47, respectively. An incidental hepatocellular carcinoma was picked up in 16 explants, and 18 had granulomas.

Conclusion

Concordance between pretransplant and explant diagnosis is lower for NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis. The true prevalence of cryptogenic cirrhosis in our study was 5.6%.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Glycosides and Acyclic Nucleosides Derived 2‐Oxonicotinonitriles
Authors: Hassan Abdalla E. , Mohammed Samar M. , Abou‐Elkhair Reham A. I. , Moustafa Ahmed H.
Published: May 2019

Synthesis and biological evaluations of a series of 2‐oxonicotinonitriles (2‐ONNs) derivatives are described. Incorporation of branching and solubilizing groups to the 2‐ONN derivative 7 was attained by coupling with several organo‐halides/alkylating agents including three glycosyl bromides under basic conditions. Coupling of 2‐ONNs occurred mainly at the ring nitrogen position and to a lesser extent at the 2‐oxo position giving the O‐alkylated products. Alkylated ONNs and free nucleosides/glycosides derived from the 2‐ONN derivative 7 were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. N‐propargyl and N‐allyl derivatives 23 and 25 showed significant anti‐SARS‐CoV. The N‐butylacetate and O‐allyl derivatives 18 and 26 showed potent antibacterial activities against both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococci luteus) and Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The N‐glucoside derivative 8 showed significant antifungal activity.
Impact of the winter polar vortex on greater North America
Authors: Overland James E. , Wang Muyin
Published: May 2019

Winter weather in the subarctic and lower latitudes can be influenced by the repositioning of the polar vortex away from being centred near the North Pole, extending over regional locations of subarctic continents. One example was the “Beast from the East” event in Eurasia in March 2018, which brought snow to much of Europe. We are interested in extended (week to a month) North American weather events, and especially the impacts from a location of the polar vortex centre over and near Greenland. For a tropospheric polar vortex location index, we use low 500 hPa geopotential heights (GPH) over greater Greenland from values of the Greenland Blocking Index (GBI) below negative 1.0 SD (1951–2018 base period). February is a preferred month with 10 low GBI events beginning 1989. Composite 100 and 500 hPa GPH for these 10 cases show hemispheric‐wide features with a trough/ridge/trough pattern extending from eastern Siberia eastward to Greenland and spanning both the stratospheric and tropospheric polar vortex. Associated extreme weather as seen in 2015 and 2018 include cold temperatures on the eastern United States, warm monthly temperatures (>5.0°C anomalies) in California with drought conditions, and record sea ice loss in the winter Bering Sea. Results support the concept that November–December has a regional tropospheric pathway for Arctic/mid‐latitude weather interactions due to delayed autumn sea ice freeze up, whereas January–March has a more hemispheric pathway related to stratospheric polar vortex movement that is delayed into late winter.
Comparative pharmacokinetics and metabolites study of seven major bioactive components of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction in normal and polycystic ovary syndrome rats by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Jun‐jin , Cheng Yao , Shao Yun‐yun , Chang Zhuang‐peng , Guo Yi‐ting , Feng Xiao‐juan , Xu Ding , Zhang Jing‐ping , Song Yan , Hou Rui‐gang
Published: May 2019

A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhetinic acid, and glycyrrhizin in rat plasma after oral administration of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction, which is traditionally used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. The plasma samples were pretreated with methanol as precipitant. The method exhibited good linearity (correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.99) with lower quantification limits of 0.595–4.69 ng/mL for all analytes. Intra‐ and interbatch precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability of the method were all within accepted criteria. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the seven compounds were altered in the pathological status of polycystic ovary syndrome. Furthermore, a total of 36 metabolites were structurally identified based on their accurate masses and fragment ions. The major metabolic pathway involves phase I metabolic reactions (such as hydroxylation), phase II metabolic reactions (such as sulfation and glucuronidation conjugation) as well as the combined multiple‐step metabolism. This study is the first report on the pharmacokinetic and metabolic information of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction in both normal and model rats, which would provide scientific evidences for the bioactive chemical basis of herbal medicines and also promote the clinical application of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction for treating polycystic ovary syndrome.
Role of 2‐Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging in Placental and Umbilical Cord Morphometry: Literature and Pictorial Review
Authors: Ismail Khadijah I. , Hannigan Ailish , O'Donoghue Keelin , Cotter Amanda
Published: May 2019

Abnormalities of the placenta and umbilical cord have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Antenatal detection of placental and umbilical cord abnormalities using ultrasound (US) imaging is now gaining popularity with the advancements in obstetric US. This article reviews the use of 2‐dimensional obstetric US as a tool to measure and assess placental and umbilical cord morphometry. It highlights the potential role of placental and umbilical cord morphometry as a valuable component of the screening tool for high risk pregnancies and identifies the need for further research to examine its feasibility.
High‐Resolution, Wide‐Field, Forward‐Viewing Spectrally Encoded Endoscope
Authors: Zeidan Adel , Do Dukho , Kang Dongkyun , Ikuta Mitsuhiro , Ryu Jiheun , Tearney Guillermo J.
Published: May 2019

Background and Objective

Spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) is an optical imaging technology that uses spatial wavelength multiplexing to conduct endoscopy in miniature, small diameter probes. Contrary to the previous side‐viewing SEE devices, forward‐viewing SEE probes are advantageous as they provide a look ahead that facilitates navigation and surveillance. The objective of this work was to develop a miniature forward‐viewing SEE probe with a wide field of view and a high spatial resolution.

Materials and Methods

We designed and developed a forward‐viewing SEE device with an overall total diameter of 1.27 mm, which consists of a monolithic illumination probe with a length of 3.87 mm and a diameter of 500 µm, 8 multimode detection fibers that were polished at a 17° angle, a rotational scanning mechanism, and a sheath. The SEE device was evaluated using a USAF resolution target and was used for preclinical imaging of a swine joint ex vivo.

Results

This design resulted in a high resolution probe (best spatial resolution of 20.3 µm), a wide total angular field of view of 100°, and an effective number of imaging elements of ~344,000 pixels. The SEE probe performance was compared to a commercial color chip‐on‐the‐tip endoscope; while monochrome, results showed better spatial resolution and a wider field of view for the SEE device.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate the potential of this forward‐viewing SEE probe for visualization and navigation in medical imaging applications. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biogas‐producing microbial composition of an anaerobic digester and associated bovine residues
Authors: Senés‐Guerrero Carolina , Colón‐Contreras Franco A. , Reynoso‐Lobo Javier F. , Tinoco‐Pérez Benito , Siller‐Cepeda Jorge H. , Pacheco Adriana
Published: May 2019

Influenced by feedstock type and microbial inoculum, different microbial groups must precisely interact for high‐quality biogas yields. As a first approach for optimization, this study aimed to identify through time the biogas‐producing microbial community in a 10‐ton dry anaerobic digester treating cattle manure by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomics. Moreover, the associated bovine residues or feedstocks (leachate, manure, oxidation lagoon water, rumen) were also characterized to determine their contribution. A diverse and dynamic community characterized by Bacteria (82%–88%) and a considerable amount of Archaea (8%–15%) presented profiles particular to each stage of biogas production. Eukaryotes (2.6%–3.6%), mainly fungi, were a minor but stable component. Proteobacteria represented 47% of the community at the start of the run but only 18% at the end, opposite to the Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group (8% and 20%, respectively), while Firmicutes (12%–18%) and Actinobacteria (12%–32%) remained relatively constant. Methanogens of the order Methanomicrobiales represented by several species of Methanoculleus were abundant at the end of the run (77%) contrary to Methanosarcinales (11%) and Methanobacteriales (0.7%). Therefore, methanogenesis mainly occurred by the hydrogenotrophic pathway. Manure and oxidation lagoon water seemed to contribute key microorganisms, while rumen dominated by Methanobrevibacter (72%) did not proliferate in the digester. Manure particularly possessed Methanoculleus (24%) and uncultured methanogens identified by DGGE, whereas oxidation lagoon was exclusively abundant in Methanolinea (18%) and Methanosaeta (19%). Leachate, as the microbial inoculum from a previous run, adequately preserved the biogas‐producing community. These results could lead to higher biogas yields through bioaugmentation strategies by incorporating higher proportions or an enriched inoculum from the relevant feedstocks.
Whole exome sequencing identifies a new mutation in the SLC19A2 gene leading to thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anemia in an Egyptian family
Authors: Amr Khalda , Pawlikowska Patrycja , Aoufouchi Said , Rosselli Filippo , El‐Kamah Ghada
Published: May 2019

Background

The Solute Carrier Family 19 Member 2 (SLC19A2, OMIM *603941) encodes the thiamine transporter 1 (THTR‐1) that brings thiamine (Vitamin B1) into cells. THTR‐1 is the only thiamine transporter expressed in bone marrow, cochlear, and pancreatic beta cells. THTR‐1 loss‐of‐function leads to the rare recessive genetic disease Thiamine‐Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia (TRMA, OMIM #249270).

Methods

In vitro stimulated blood lymphocytes were used for cytogenetics and the isolation of genomic DNA used to perform whole exome sequencing (WES). To validate identified mutations, direct Sanger sequencing was performed following PCR amplification.

Results

A 6‐year‐old male born from a consanguineous couple presenting bone marrow failure and microcephaly was referred to our clinic for disease diagnosis. The patient presented a normal karyotype and no chromosomal fragility in response to DNA damage. WES analysis led to the identification of a new pathogenic variant in the SLC19A2 gene (c.596C>G, pSer199Ter) allowing to identify the young boy as a TRMA patient.

Conclusion

Our analysis extend the number of inactivating mutations in SLC19A2 leading to TRMA that could guide future prenatal diagnosis for the family and follow‐up for patients.
Research on data transmission model and bit error rate calculation method in optical fiber coding target location testing system
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Li Hanshan
Published: May 2019

To improve the reliability and stability of optical fiber coding target location testing system, it is necessary to research the bit error rate of system under complex atmospheric conditions. This article introduces the optical fiber coding measurement system and testing principle, utilizes their measurement geometric model to calculate the coordinate of dynamic target, atmospheric attenuation and atmospheric turbulence simultaneously present and affect the power of laser in atmospheric channel, establishes the model of signal to noise ratio of photoelectric sensor, derives new bit error rate model under complex atmospheric conditions, and analyzes relevant influencing factors. The results of calculation and experimental data indicate that atmospheric turbulence and the power of laser affect bit error rate of system, with the increment of atmospheric turbulence, the bit error rate of system increases. We can improve the power of laser to effectively reduce bit error rate of system under the same atmospheric condition.