bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religion and Nationalism: Contradictions of Islamic Origins and Secular Nation‐Building in Turkey, Algeria, and Pakistan*
Authors: Akturk Sener
Published: August 2015

Objectives

Turkey, Algeria, and Pakistan have been persistently challenged, since their founding, by both Islamist and ethnic separatist movements. These challenges claimed the lives of tens of thousands of people in each country. I investigate the causes behind the concurrence of Islamist and ethnic separatist challenges to the state in Turkey, Algeria, and Pakistan.

Method

This research employs comparative historical analysis, and more specifically, a most different systems design. In addition to small‐Ncross‐national comparison, I also designed an intertemporal comparison, whereby Turkish, Algerian, and Pakistani history is divided into four periods, corresponding to preindependence, mobilization for independence, postindependence secular nation‐building, and Islamist and ethnic separatist challenge periods.

Results

Contrary to the prevailing view in the scholarship, this article formulates an alternative reinterpretation of Turkish, Algerian, and Pakistani nation‐state formation. These three states were founded on the basis of an Islamic mobilization against non‐Muslim opponents, but having successfully defeated these non‐Muslim opponents, their political elites chose a secular and monolingual nation‐state model, which they thought would maximize their national security and improve the socioeconomic status of their Muslim constituencies. The choice of a secular and monolingual nation‐state model led to recurrent challenges of increasing magnitude to the state in the form of Islamist and ethnic separatist movements. The causal mechanism outlined in this article resembles what has been metaphorically described as a “meteorite” (Pierson,), where the cause is short term (secular nationalist turn after independence) but the outcome unfolds over the long term (Islamist and ethnic separatist challenges).

Conclusion

A distinct and counterintuitive path of nation‐state formation has been identified based on the cases of Turkey, Algeria, and Pakistan. This research demonstrates that a contradiction between the goals of the original mobilization that establishes the state and policies of its postindependence governments can be a major structural source of instability and violence in the long run. These findings suggest that theories of nationalism that were developed based on the European experience of ethnic or linguistic nationalism need to be modified in explaining the religious nationalism that is found in the origins of some of the major nation‐states in the Muslim world.
HLA‐DQB1*05:10, a variant of HLA‐DQB1*05:01, detected in a Chinese individual by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Gao S.‐Q. , Tao H. , Wang D.‐M. , Li Z.
Published: August 2015

A novel HLA‐DQB1 allele, DQB1*05:10, was detected in a Chinese individual by cloning and sequencing.
Aspergillus thyroiditis: first antemortem case diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration culture in a pediatric stem cell transplant patient
Authors: Badawy S.M. , Becktell K.D. , Muller W.J. , Schneiderman J.
Published: August 2015

Aspergillus thyroiditis (AT) has historically been considered a postmortem diagnosis in immunocompromised patients; most have disseminated disease. This report summarizes the clinical challenge of diagnosing AT. It also highlights the value of the early use of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration culture and the need for a high index of suspicion to reach the final diagnosis before disease dissemination.
Dried blood spots of pooled samples for RHD gene screening in blood donors of mixed ancestry
Authors: Silva‐Malta M. C. F. , Fidélis Araujo N. C. , Neves Vieira O. V. , Cayres Schmidt L. , de Cassia Gonçalves P. , Lobato Martins M.
Published: August 2015

Objectives

In this study, we present a strategy for RHD gene screening based on real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using dried blood spots of pooled samples.

Background

Molecular analysis of blood donors may be used to detect RHD variants among the presumed D‐negative individuals. RHD genotyping using pooled samples is a strategy to test a large number of samples at a more reasonable cost.

Materials and Methods

RHD gene detection based on real‐time PCR using dried blood spots of pooled samples was standardised and used to evaluate 1550 Brazilian blood donors phenotyped as RhD‐negative. Positive results were re‐evaluated by retesting single samples using real‐time PCR and conventional multiplex PCR to amplify five RHD‐specific exons. PCR‐sequence‐specific primers was used to amplify RHDψ allele.

Results

We devised a strategy for RHD gene screening using dried blood spots of five pooled samples. Among 1550 serologically D‐negative blood donors, 58 (3·74%) had the RHD gene. The non‐functional RHDψ allele was detected in 47 samples (3·02%).

Conclusion

The present method is a promising strategy to detect the RHD gene among presumed RhD‐negative blood donors, particularly for populations with African ancestry.
Experimental Investigation of a Switched Inertance Hydraulic System With a High-Speed Rotary Valve
Authors: Pan Min , Johnston Nigel , Robertson James , Plummer Andrew , Hillis Andrew , Yang Huayong
Published: August 2015

This paper reports on experimental investigations of a switched inertance hydraulic system (SIHS), which is designed to control the flow and pressure of a hydraulic supply. The switched system basically consists of a switching element, an inductance (inertance), and a capacitance. Two basic modes, a flow booster and a pressure booster, can be configured in a three-port SIHS. It is capable of boosting the pressure or flow with a corresponding drop in flow or pressure, respectively. This technique makes use of the inherent reactive behavior of hydraulic components. A high-speed rotary valve is used to provide sufficiently high switching frequency and to minimize the pressure and flow loss at the valve orifice, and a small diameter tube is used to provide an inductive effect. In this paper, a flow booster is introduced as the switched system for investigation. The measured steady-state and dynamic characteristics of the rotary valve are presented, and the dynamics characteristics of the flow booster are investigated in terms of pressure loss, flow loss, and system efficiency. The speed of sound is measured by analysis of the measured dynamic pressures in the inertance tube. A detailed analytical model of an SIHS is applied to analyze the experimental results. Experimental results on a flow booster rig show a very promising performance for the SIHS.
Virtual Spring–Damping System for Flow-Induced Motion Experiments
Authors: Sun Hai , Soo Kim Eun , Bernitsas Marinos P. , Bernitsas Michael M.
Published: August 2015

Flow-induced motion (FIM) experiments of a single circular cylinder or multiple cylinders in an array involve several configuration and hydrodynamic parameters, such as diameter, mass, damping, stiffness, spacing, Reynolds number, and flow regime, and deviation from circular cross section. Due to the importance of the FIM both in suppression for structural robustness and in enhancement for hydrokinetic energy conversion, systematic experiments are being conducted since the early 1960s and several more decades of experimentation are required. Change of springs and dampers is time consuming and requires frequent recalibration. Emulating springs and dampers with a controller makes parameter change efficient and accurate. There are two approaches to this problem: The first involves the hydrodynamic force in the closed-loop and is easier to implement. The second called virtual damping and spring (Vck) does not involve the hydrodynamic force in the closed-loop but requires an elaborate system identification (SI) process. Vck was developed in the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory (MRELab) of the University of Michigan for the first time in 2009 and resulted in extensive data generation. In this paper, the second generation of Vck is developed and validated by comparison of the FIM experiments between a Vck emulated oscillator and an oscillator with physical springs and dampers. The main findings are: (a) the Vck system developed keeps the hydrodynamic force out of the control-loop and, thus, does not bias the FIM, (b) The controller-induced lag is minimal and significantly reduced compared to the first generation of Vck built in the MRELab due to use of an Arduino embedded board to control a servomotor instead of Labview, (c) The SI process revealed a static, third-order, nonlinear viscous model but no need for dynamic terms with memory, and (d) The agreement between real and virtual springs and dampers is excellent in FIM including vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) and galloping measurements over the entire range of spring constants and velocities tested (16,000 < Re < 140,000).
Adaptation of the AnyBody™ Musculoskeletal Shoulder Model to the Nonconforming Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Context
Authors: Sins Lauranne , Tétreault Patrice , Hagemeister Nicola , Nuño Natalia
Published: August 2015

Current musculoskeletal inverse dynamics shoulder models have two limitations to use in the context of nonconforming total shoulder arthroplasty (NC-TSA). First, the ball and socket glenohumeral (GH) joint simplification avoids any humeral head translations. Second, there is no contact at the GH joint to compute the contact area and the center of pressure (COP) between the two components of NC-TSA. In this paper, we adapted the AnyBody™ shoulder model by introducing humeral head translations and contact between the two components of an NC-TSA. Abduction in the scapular plane was considered. The main objective of this study was to adapt the AnyBody™ shoulder model to a NC-TSA context and to compare the results of our model (translations, COP, contact area, GH joint reaction forces (GH-JRFs), and muscular forces) with previous numerical, experimental, and clinical studies. Humeral head translations and contact were successfully introduced in our adapted shoulder model with strong support for our findings by previous studies.
A Coupled Lumped-Parameter and Distributed Network Model for Cerebral Pulse-Wave Hemodynamics
Authors: Ryu Jaiyoung , Hu Xiao , Shadden Shawn C.
Published: August 2015

The cerebral circulation is unique in its ability to maintain blood flow to the brain under widely varying physiologic conditions. Incorporating this autoregulatory response is necessary for cerebral blood flow (CBF) modeling, as well as investigations into pathological conditions. We discuss a one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear model of blood flow in the cerebral arteries coupled to autoregulatory lumped-parameter (LP) networks. The LP networks incorporate intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cortical collateral blood flow models. The overall model is used to evaluate changes in CBF due to occlusions in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and common carotid artery (CCA). Velocity waveforms at the CCA and internal carotid artery (ICA) were examined prior and post MCA occlusion. Evident waveform changes due to the occlusion were observed, providing insight into cerebral vasospasm monitoring by morphological changes of the velocity or pressure waveforms. The role of modeling of collateral blood flows through cortical pathways and communicating arteries was also studied. When the MCA was occluded, the cortical collateral flow had an important compensatory role, whereas the communicating arteries in the circle of Willis (CoW) became more important when the CCA was occluded. To validate the model, simulations were conducted to reproduce a clinical test to assess dynamic autoregulatory function, and results demonstrated agreement with published measurements.
Constructive and Destructive Interplay Between Piezoelectricity and Flexoelectricity in Flexural Sensors and Actuators
Authors: Abdollahi Amir , Arias Irene
Published: August 2015

Flexoelectricity is an electromechanical effect coupling polarization to strain gradients. It fundamentally differs from piezoelectricity because of its size-dependence and symmetry. Flexoelectricity is generally perceived as a small effect noticeable only at the nanoscale. Since ferroelectric ceramics have a particularly high flexoelectric coefficient, however, it may play a significant role as piezoelectric transducers shrink to the submicrometer scale. We examine this issue with a continuum model self-consistently treating piezo- and flexoelectricity. We show that in piezoelectric device configurations that induce strain gradients and at small but technologically relevant scales, the electromechanical coupling may be dominated by flexoelectricity. More importantly, depending on the device design flexoelectricity may enhance or reduce the effective piezoelectric effect. Focusing on bimorph configurations, we show that configurations that are equivalent at large scales exhibit dramatically different behavior for thicknesses below 100 nm for typical piezoelectric materials. Our results suggest flexoelectric-aware designs for small-scale piezoelectric bimorph transducers.
A Micromechanical Bending Stage for Studying Mechanical Properties of Materials Using Nanoindenter
Authors: Elhebeary Mohamed , Saif M. Taher A.
Published: August 2015

An analytical and computational model of a novel bending stage is presented. The stage applies bending moments on micro/nanoscale beam specimens using a nanoindenter. In uniaxial tests, any flaw within the entire volume of the specimen may lead to fracture before material yields. The new stage minimizes the volume of material under a uniaxial state of stress in the specimen, but maximizes bending stress over a small volume such that high stresses can be reached within a small volume on the specimen without a premature failure by fracture. The analytical model of the stage accounts for the geometric nonlinearity of the sample, but assumes simplified boundary conditions. It predicts the deflection and stresses in the specimen beam upon loading. The numerical model of the stage and the specimen employing a finite element (FE) package tests the validity of the analytical model. Good agreement between analytical and numerical results shows that the assumptions in the analytical model are reasonable. Therefore, the analytical model can be used to optimize the design of the stage and the specimen. A design of the stage is presented that results in axial/bending stress < 2% in the sample. In order to test the feasibility of the proposed design, a 3D printed stage and a sample are fabricated using the Polyamide PA2200. Bending test is then carried out employing an indenter. Elastic modulus of PA2200 is extracted from the load-deflection data. The value matches closely with that reported in the literature.
Improvements to the Iterative Closest Point Algorithm for Shape Registration in Manufacturing
Authors: Kwok Tsz-Ho , Tang Kai
Published: August 2015

Iterative closest point (ICP) is a popular algorithm used for shape registration while conducting inspection during a production process. A crucial key to the success of the ICP is the choice of point selection method. While point selection can be customized for a particular application using its prior knowledge, normal-space sampling (NSS) is commonly used when normal vectors are available. Normal-based approach can be further improved by stability analysis—called covariance sampling. The stability analysis should be accurate to ensure the correctness of covariance sampling. In this paper, we go deep into the details of covariance sampling, and propose a few improvements for stability analysis. We theoretically and experimentally show that these improvements are necessary for further success in covariance sampling. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more efficient and robust for the ICP algorithm.
A Novel Continuum Robot Using Twin-Pivot Compliant Joints: Design, Modeling, and Validation
Authors: Dong Xin , Raffles Mark , Cobos-Guzman Salvador , Axinte Dragos , Kell James
Published: August 2015

A twisting problem is identified from the central located flexible backbone continuum robot. Regarding this problem, a design solution is required to mechanically minimize this twisting angle along the backbone. Further, the error caused by the kinematic assumption of previous works is identified as well, which requires a kinematic solution to minimize. The scope of this paper is to introduce, describe and teste a novel design of continuum robot which has a twin-pivot compliant joint construction that minimizes the twisting around its axis. A kinematics model is introduced which can be applied to a wide range of twin-pivot construction with two pairs of cables per section design. And according to this model, the approach for minimising the kinematic error is developed. Furthermore, based on the geometry and material property of compliant joint, the work volumes for single/three-section continuum robot are presented, respectively. The kinematic analysis has been verified by a three-section prototype of continuum robot and adequate accuracy and repeatability tests carried out. And in the test, the system generates relatively small twisting angles when a range of end loads is applied at the end of the arm. Utilising the concept presented in this paper, it is possible to develop a continuum robot which can minimize the twisting angle and be accurately controlled. In this paper, a novel design of continuum robot which has a twin-pivot compliant joint construction that minimizes the twisting around its axis is introduced, described and tested. A kinematics model is introduced which can be applied to a wide range of twin-pivot construction with two pairs of cables per section design. Furthermore, based on the geometry and material property of compliant joint, the work volumes for single/three-section continuum robot are presented, respectively. Finally, the kinematic analysis has been verified by a three-section prototype of continuum and adequate accuracy and repeatability tests carried out.
Space–Time Gradient Method for Unsteady Bladerow Interaction—Part I: Basic Methodology and Verification
Authors: Yi J. , He L.
Published: August 2015

For advanced turbomachinery development, there is increasing interest to carry out unsteady analyses for flows through multiple bladerows during a design stage. Even with the huge increase in computer processing power currently available, direct unsteady calculations in a whole annulus domain are still very time consuming. Efficient alternative methods with truncations in time and/or in space have been developed for unsteady turbomachinery flows in the past 20 years or so, but they all are associated with related limitations. The present development is motivated to maintain as many modeling fidelities of direct unsteady solution methods as possible while still have a significant speed-up. To this end, a new steady-solution-like unsteady time-domain methodology has been developed for bladerow interactions. No circumferential domain truncation is required so that a direct periodic (repeating) condition can be applied. For each mesh cell, the temporal gradient term as required to balance the discretized unsteady flow equation is obtained by specially sequenced spatial variations of corresponding cells in multiple-passages. Consequently, the rotor–stator interface treatment becomes completely compatible to that of a direct unsteady solution. Thus a fully conservative interface is easily achieved, in contrast to existing truncated models where interface treatments tend to be complicated and nonconservative. The simultaneous solution procedure with the space–time gradient (STG) link enables an unsteady flow solution to converge at a rate compatible to a steady solution. The background, motivation/justification, basic methodology, and some preliminary verifications are described in this paper as Part I. Further validations and applications with extension to more complex configurations and flow conditions will be presented in Part II.
Numerical Investigations for Leakage and Windage Heating in Straight-Through Labyrinth Seals
Authors: Nayak Kali Charan , Dutta Pradip
Published: August 2015

The ability to quantify leakage flow and windage heating for labyrinth seals with honeycomb lands is critical in understanding gas turbine engine system performance and predicting its component life. Variety of labyrinth seal configurations (number of teeth, stepped or straight, honeycomb cell size) are in use in gas turbines, and for each configuration, there are many geometric factors that can impact a seal's leakage and windage characteristics. This paper describes the development of a numerical methodology aimed at studying the effect of honeycomb lands on leakage and windage heating. Specifically, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed utilizing commercial finite volume-based software incorporating the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model with modified Schmidt number. The modified turbulence model is benchmarked and fine-tuned based on several experiments. Using this model, a broad parametric study is conducted by varying honeycomb cell size, pressure ratio (PR), and radial clearance for a four-tooth straight-through labyrinth seal. The results show good agreement with available experimental data. They further indicate that larger honeycomb cells predict higher seal leakage and windage heating at tighter clearances compared to smaller honeycomb cells and smooth lands. However, at open seal clearances larger honeycomb cells have lower leakage compared to smaller honeycomb cells.
Experimental Analysis of Floating Ring Annular Seals and Comparisons With Theoretical Predictions
Authors: Mariot Antoine , Arghir Mihai , Hélies Pierre , Dehouve Jérôme
Published: August 2015

Floating ring annular seals represent one of the solutions for controlling leakage in high-speed rotating machinery. They are generally made of a carbon ring mounted in a steel ring for preserving their integrity. Low leakage is ensured by the small clearance of the annular space between the carbon ring and the rotor. Under normal operating conditions, the ring must be able to “float” on the rotor in order to accommodate its vibration. Impacts between the carbon ring and the rotor may occur when the annular seal is locked up against the stator and the amplitude of rotor vibrations are larger than the radial clearance. This situation is prohibited because it rapidly leads to the destruction of the carbon ring. The present work presents experimental results obtained for floating ring annular seals of 38 mm, tandem mounted in a buffer seal arrangement. The rotation speed was comprised of between 50 Hz and 350 Hz, and maximum pressure drop was 7 bar. For these operating conditions, the floating ring follows the rotor vibrations without any impacts. Comparisons were made with a theoretical model based on the equations of motion of the floating ring driven by mass inertia forces, hydrostatic forces in the (main) annular seal, and by friction forces on its radial face (also named the “nose” of the seal). The friction coefficient on the nose of the floating ring was estimated from Greenwood and Williamson's model for mixed lubrication. The present analysis validates the theoretical model used for predicting the dynamic response of the floating ring for a given rotor motion.
Investigations of the Stabilities of Piloted Flames Using Blast Furnace Gas
Authors: Li Chunyan , Tang Haojie , Jing Liyue , Zhu Min
Published: August 2015

The effective utilization of low-grade energy sources generated from steel-making processes provides not only excellent opportunities for low cost power generation but also a significant means for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the work was carried out to study the static and dynamic combustion instabilities for gas turbine (GT) combustors burning low-calorific-value blast furnace gas (BFG). A burner was designed to stabilize the BFG flame with central pilot flames. A diagnostic system was set up to detect the characteristics of flame dynamics. In the experiments, the fuel ratio between the pilot and main burner, and the equivalence ratio of the main flame and the annular flow velocity were varied for the investigation of the combustion lean blowout (LBO) limits. The flame dynamics near LBO were investigated. The dynamic responses of the flame to flow perturbations were also measured. A network model was employed to study and validate the blowout mechanisms. The LBO limits were calculated and compared with experimental results for various equivalence ratios.
Non-invasive estimation of middle-ear input impedance and efficiency
Authors: Lewis James D. , Neely Stephen T.
Published: August 2015

A method to transform the impedance measured in the ear canal, ZEC, to the plane of the eardrum, ZED, is described. The portion of the canal between the probe and eardrum was modeled as a concatenated series of conical segments, allowing for spatial variations in its cross-sectional area. A model of the middle ear (ME) and cochlea terminated the ear-canal model, which permitted estimation of ME efficiency. Acoustic measurements of ZEC were made at two probe locations in 15 normal-hearing subjects. ZEC was sensitive to measurement location, especially near frequencies of canal resonances and anti-resonances. Transforming ZEC to ZED reduced the influence of the canal, decreasing insertion-depth sensitivity of ZED between 1 and 12 kHz compared to ZEC. Absorbance, A, was less sensitive to probe placement than ZEC, but more sensitive than ZED above 5 kHz. ZED and A were similarly insensitive to probe placement between 1 and 5 kHz. The probe-placement sensitivity of ZED below 1 kHz was not reduced from that of either A or ZEC. ME efficiency had a bandpass shape with greatest efficiency between 1 and 4 kHz. Estimates of ZED and ME efficiency could extend the diagnostic capability of wideband-acoustic immittance measurements.
Emotion recognition from sound stimuli based on back-propagation neural networks and electroencephalograms
Authors: Di Guo-Qing , Wu Si-Xia
Published: August 2015

This research aims to explore the feasibility of using back-propagation (BP) neural networks and electroencephalograms (EEGs) to recognize the emotional reactions induced by sound stimuli in the dimensions of pleasure and arousal, as well as compare the recognition performance of each method on these two dimensions. It could provide an aided design on choosing proper sounds to induce or regulate individuals' emotional states under specific situations for potential users at the design stage. Emotional reactions to different sound stimuli are investigated by Self-Assessment Manikin. The results of BP neural network indicate that the arousal predictions are more satisfactory than the pleasure predictions, and the recognition rates can be improved by optimizing input parameters. EEG signals induced by sound stimuli are recorded. The results show that when induced by each pleasant sound, the Average Power of Electroencephalogram of the α wave in the left frontal pole electrode is significantly lower than that in the right frontal pole electrode, while when induced by each unpleasant sound, the former is significantly higher than the latter. This finding indicates that pleasant and unpleasant sounds can be identified based on the asymmetry of the α wave between the left and right frontal pole electrodes.
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces are Associated with Pain and Self-Reported Functional Status in Recreational Athletes with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Danilo , Briani Ronaldo , Pazzinatto Marcella , Ferrari Deisi , Aragão Fernando , de Azevedo Fábio
Published: August 2015

Individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) use different motor strategies during unipodal support in stair climbing activities, which may be assessed by vertical ground reaction force parameters. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate possible differences in first peak, valley, second peak, and loading rate between recreational female athletes with PFP and pain-free athletes during stair climbing in order to determine the association and prediction capability between these parameters, pain level, and functional status in females with PFP. Thirty-one recreational female athletes with PFP and 31 pain-free recreational female athletes were evaluated with three-dimensional kinetics while performing stair climbing to obtain vertical ground reaction force parameters. A visual analog scale was used to evaluate the usual knee pain. The anterior knee pain scale was used to evaluate knee functional score. First peak and loading rate were associated with pain (r = .46, P = .008; r = .56, P = .001, respectively) and functional limitation (r = .31, P = .049; r = −.36, P = .032, respectively). Forced entry regression revealed the first peak was a significant predictor of pain (36.5%) and functional limitation (28.7%). Our findings suggest that rehabilitation strategies aimed at correcting altered vertical ground reaction force may improve usual knee pain level and self-reported knee function in females with PFP.
Obesity-dependent changes in interstitial ECM mechanics promote breast tumorigenesis
Authors: Seo Bo Ri , Bhardwaj Priya , Choi Siyoung , Gonzalez Jacqueline , Andresen Eguiluz Roberto C. , Wang Karin , Mohanan Sunish , Morris Patrick G. , Du Baoheng , Zhou Xi K. , Vahdat Linda T. , Verma Akanksha , Elemento Olivier , Hudis Clifford A. , Williams Rebecca M. , Gourdon Delphine , Dannenberg Andrew J. , Fischbach Claudia
Published: August 2015

Obesity leads to fibrotic remodeling of mammary adipose tissue, and the resulting increase in interstitial extracellular matrix stiffness promotes breast tumor malignancy.
A synthetic consensus anti–spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates
Authors: Muthumani Karuppiah , Falzarano Darryl , Reuschel Emma L. , Tingey Colleen , Flingai Seleeke , Villarreal Daniel O. , Wise Megan , Patel Ami , Izmirly Abdullah , Aljuaid Abdulelah , Seliga Alecia M. , Soule Geoff , Morrow Matthew , Kraynyak Kimberly A. , Khan Amir S. , Scott Dana P. , Feldmann Friederike , LaCasse Rachel , Meade-White Kimberly , Okumura Atsushi , Ugen Kenneth E. , Sardesai Niranjan Y. , Kim J. Joseph , Kobinger Gary , Feldmann Heinz , Weiner David B.
Published: August 2015

A consensus MERS spike protein synthetic DNA vaccine can induce protective responses against viral challenge.
T cell types that take your breath away
Authors: Shum Anthony K.
Published: August 2015

A new T helper cell signature in asthma patients highlights the potential impact of a personalized approach to asthma care (Choy
et al
., this issue).
Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing Combined with Optical Mapping Yields Completely Finished Fungal Genome
Authors: Faino Luigi , Seidl Michael F. , Datema Erwin , van den Berg Grardy C. M. , Janssen Antoine , Wittenberg Alexander H. J. , Thomma Bart P. H. J.
Published: August 2015

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have increased the scalability, speed, and resolution of genomic sequencing and, thus, have revolutionized genomic studies. However, eukaryotic genome sequencing initiatives typically yield considerably fragmented genome assemblies. Here, we assessed various state-of-the-art sequencing and assembly strategies in order to produce a contiguous and complete eukaryotic genome assembly, focusing on the filamentous fungus
Verticillium dahliae
. Compared with Illumina-based assemblies of the
V. dahliae
genome, hybrid assemblies that also include PacBio-generated long reads establish superior contiguity. Intriguingly, provided that sufficient sequence depth is reached, assemblies solely based on PacBio reads outperform hybrid assemblies and even result in fully assembled chromosomes. Furthermore, the addition of optical map data allowed us to produce a gapless and complete
V. dahliae
genome assembly of the expected eight chromosomes from telomere to telomere. Consequently, we can now study genomic regions that were previously not assembled or poorly assembled, including regions that are populated by repetitive sequences, such as transposons, allowing us to fully appreciate an organism's biological complexity. Our data show that a combination of PacBio-generated long reads and optical mapping can be used to generate complete and gapless assemblies of fungal genomes.

IMPORTANCE
Studying whole-genome sequences has become an important aspect of biological research. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has nowadays brought genomic science within reach of most research laboratories, including those that study nonmodel organisms. However, most genome sequencing initiatives typically yield (highly) fragmented genome assemblies. Nevertheless, considerable relevant information related to genome structure and evolution is likely hidden in those nonassembled regions. Here, we investigated a diverse set of strategies to obtain gapless genome assemblies, using the genome of a typical ascomycete fungus as the template. Eventually, we were able to show that a combination of PacBio-generated long reads and optical mapping yields a gapless telomere-to-telomere genome assembly, allowing in-depth genome analyses to facilitate functional studies into an organism's biology.
Coverage of denuded labial bone resulting from post space preparation with a free gingival autograft: lessons learnt
Authors: Sareen Sagar , Pathak Anjani Kumar , Singhal Divya , Dixit Jaya , Purwar Parth
Published: August 2015

Rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth by post and core preparation is a common procedure in day to day dental practice. However, in some instances, post space preparation can produce excessive frictional heat leading to significant damage to the attachment apparatus of the tooth as well as to the overlying soft tissue. This report describes a case of mucosal dehiscence arising due to trauma induced by inadvertent post space preparation. The denuded mucosa was restored to its physiological position with the help of free gingival autograft obtained from the palatal donor site. The aesthetic results obtained were excellent and have been stable for a period of 2 years.
Myxoma of the femur: an unusual site of origin
Authors: Santhanam Siva Swaminathan , Goni Vijay , Saibaba Balaji , Das Ashim
Published: August 2015

Skeletal myxomas are rare benign tumours. Their occurrence in long bones of the extremities is rarely reported. A 45-year-old man presented with pain in his left proximal thigh for a duration of 4 months. Movements of the hip were painful. Radiography revealed an expansile osteolytic lesion in the left proximal femur near the lesser trochanteric region. On MRI, the lesion showed a homogenous signal enhancement with no cortical disruption. Extended curettage and bone grafting was performed. On gross examination, the curetted specimen was a yellowish-white mucoid material. Histopathology showed a tumour consisting of spindle-shaped and stellate-shaped cells with widely separated myxoid mucoidy stroma, suggestive of intraosseous myxoma. At 2 years follow-up, there were no signs of recurrence and the patient was doing well with excellent hip and knee function.
Design procedure for dynamic response of concrete rectangular liquid storage tanks using generalized SDOF system
Authors: Chen J.Z. , Kianoush M.R.
Published: August 2015

In this paper, a design procedure using the generalized single degree of freedom (SDOF) system is proposed for two-dimensional dynamic response of rectangular liquid containing structures (LCS). The proposed model considers the effect of flexibility of tank wall on hydrodynamic pressures and uses the consistent mass approach in dynamic analysis. The contribution of higher modes to the dynamic response of LCS is included in the proposed model. The square root of sum of squares method is proposed for the combination of the first two modes. One set of calculations for a tall tank is presented and compared with the results obtained using the current practice as well as the finite element method reported by the authors in previous investigations. The proposed method using the generalized SDOF system can be simply used in seismic design of LCS.
Minimizing the torsional response of inelastic multistory buildings with simple eccentricity
Authors: Georgoussis George K.
Published: August 2015

Common types of multistory buildings, detailed according to a planar static analysis under a code lateral loading, may have a practically translational behavior when the mass axis is passing through (or within a close distance from) the modal centre of rigidity (m-CR). The concept of this point in elastic multistory structures was introduced by the author in earlier papers, but it retains its value in structures composed by inelastic bents, since it specifies the optimum arrangement of these structural elements in terms of producing minimum torsional response in the case of a strong ground motion. This is demonstrated in typical five story buildings, composed by moment resisting frames and structural walls, under the ground motions of Kern County and Loma Prieta.
Modeling unobserved variables in dendrochronological age structures improves inferences about population dynamics
Authors: Aráoz Ezequiel , Morales Juan Manuel
Published: August 2015

The loss of evidence poses a major challenge to historical ecology. For example, dendroecological studies aiming at relating tree establishment with past climate should consider the possibility that many plants might not survive to be recorded at the date of the study. A standard approach to deal with this data loss consists in fitting an exponential decay curve to the observed age structure and using the residuals of this fit as a proxy of tree establishment. Here, we show that hierarchical Bayesian analysis (HBA), where tree establishment is modeled as a latent variable, can outperform the standard approach. We illustrate the use of HBA with a simulation study in which the goal is to infer population dynamics from dendrochronological age structures. Both methods are also used to analyze empirical data from expanding Alnus acuminata Kunth forests in northwestern Argentina. The simulation study showed that the standard approach underestimated the association between rainfall and tree establishment. The HBA was unbiased and had narrower uncertainty around estimates. In the empirical study, the HBA detected effects of rainfall on tree establishment, which were deemed not significant by the standard approach. Besides these advantages, the flexibility of the HBA should allow for the analysis of more complex (and realistic) models.
Polynomial algebra with reflection symmetry and thermostatistics
Authors: Chung Won Sang
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we use the reflection (or parity) operator to construct the new algebra whose maximum occupation number is finite. For the Hamiltonian proportional to the number operator, we discuss the thermostatistics and compute the thermodynamical quantities such as distribution function, multiparticle distribution function, mean energy and specific heat. We also calculate the intercept for this algebra to show that a particle obeying this algebra is an exotic particle which is neither a boson nor a fermion.
Lifshitz field theories, Snyder noncommutative spacetime and momentum-dependent metric
Authors: Romero Juan M. , Vergara J. David
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we propose three different modified relativistic particles. In the first case, we propose a particle with metrics depending on the momenta and we show that the quantum version of these systems includes different field theories, as Lifshitz field theories. As a second case, we propose a particle that implies a modified symplectic structure and we show that the quantum version of this system gives different noncommutative spacetimes, for example the Snyder spacetime. In the third case, we combine both structures before mentioned, namely noncommutative spacetimes and momentum-dependent metrics. In this last case, we show that anisotropic field theories can be seen as a limit of noncommutative field theory.
Accelerator physics and technology challenges of very high energy hadron colliders
Authors: Shiltsev Vladimir D.
Published: August 2015

High energy hadron colliders have been in the forefront of particle physics for more than three decades. At present, international particle physics community considers several options for a 100 TeV proton–proton collider as a possible post-LHC energy frontier facility. The method of colliding beams has not fully exhausted its potential but has slowed down considerably in its progress. This paper briefly reviews the accelerator physics and technology challenges of the future very high energy colliders and outlines the areas of required research and development towards their technical and financial feasibility.
Luminosity goals for a 100-TeV pp collider
Authors: Hinchliffe Ian , Kotwal Ashutosh , Mangano Michelangelo L. , Quigg Chris , Wang Lian-Tao
Published: August 2015

We consider diverse examples of science goals that provide a framework to assess luminosity goals for a future 100-TeV proton–proton collider.
The behavior of the heavy quarks structure functions at small-x
Authors: Boroun G. R. , Rezaei B.
Published: August 2015

The behavior of the charm and bottom structure functions [Formula: see text], where i = c, and b; k = 2, and L) at small-x is considered with respect to the hard-Pomeron and saturation models. Having checked that this behavior predicate the heavy flavor reduced cross-sections concerning the unshadowed and shadowed corrections. We will show that the effective exponents for the unshadowed and saturation corrections are independent of x and Q2, and also the effective coefficients are dependent to ln Q2 compared to Donnachie–Landshoff (DL) and color dipole models (CDMs).
LATTICE STRUCTURE AND DISTANCE MATRIX OF GENETIC CODE
Authors: GOHAIN NISHA , ALI TAZID , AKHTAR ADIL
Published: August 2015

The genetic code is the rule by which DNA stores the genetic information about formation of protein molecule. In this paper, a partial ordering is equipped on the genetic code and a lattice structure has been developed from it. The codon–anticodon interaction, hydrogen bond number and the chemical types of bases play an important role in the partial ordering. We have established some relations between the lattice structure of the genetic code and physico-chemical properties of amino acids. Taking into consideration the evolutionary importance of base positions in codons we have constructed a distance matrix for the amino acids. Further with a real life example we have demonstrated the relationship between frequently occurring mutations and codon distances.
ON THE ROLE OF SKEWNESS, KURTOSIS, AND THE LOCATION AND SCALE CONDITION IN A SHARPE RATIO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SETTING
Authors: AUER BENJAMIN R.
Published: August 2015

In recent years, researchers and practitioners have invested considerable effort in the development of new investment fund performance measures that account for mean, variance and the higher moments of the return distribution. To justify the application and necessity of the new performance measures in decision-making, some authors argue that the theoretical conditions required to use the Sharpe ratio are violated by high skewness and kurtosis in empirical asset return data. In this note, we highlight that high levels of skewness and kurtosis and even cross-sectional variations in skewness and kurtosis do not allow a decision-theoretic rejection of the Sharpe ratio. However, we also point out that while it is hard to discard the measure on decision-theoretic grounds, it can be challenged on technical grounds because it has several undesirable properties.
A CHANGE OF MEASURE PRESERVING THE AFFINE STRUCTURE IN THE BARNDORFF-NIELSEN AND SHEPHARD MODEL FOR COMMODITY MARKETS
Authors: BENTH FRED ESPEN , ORTIZ-LATORRE SALVADOR
Published: August 2015

For a commodity spot price dynamics given by an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process with Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard stochastic volatility, we price forwards using a class of pricing measures that simultaneously allow for change of level and speed in the mean reversion of both the price and the volatility. The risk premium is derived in the case of arithmetic and geometric spot price processes, and it is demonstrated that we can provide flexible shapes that are typically observed in energy markets. In particular, our pricing measure preserves the affine model structure and decomposes into a price and volatility risk premium. In the geometric spot price model, we need to resort to a detailed analysis of a system of Riccati equations, for which we show existence and uniqueness of solution and asymptotic properties that explain the possible risk premium profiles. Among the typical shapes, the risk premium allows for a stochastic change of sign, and can attain positive values in the short end of the forward market and negative in the long end.
Finite real multiple zeta values generate the whole space Z
Authors: Yasuda Seidai
Published: August 2015

We prove that the [Formula: see text]-vector space generated by the multiple zeta values is generated by the finite real multiple zeta values introduced by Kaneko and Zagier.
On a sixth-order Jarratt-type method in Banach spaces
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh
Published: August 2015

We present a local convergence analysis of a sixth-order Jarratt-type method in order to approximate a solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space. Our sufficient convergence conditions involve only hypotheses on the first Fréchet-derivative of the operator involved. Earlier studies such as [X. Wang, J. Kou and C. Gu, Semilocal convergence of a sixth-order Jarratt method in Banach spaces, Numer. Algorithms 57 (2011) 441–456.] require hypotheses up to the third Fréchet-derivative. Numerical examples are also provided in this study.
On Fibonacci n-step numbers
Authors: Basu Manjusri , Das Monojit
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we consider the series of Fibonacci [Formula: see text]-step numbers [Formula: see text]. Thereby, we establish some properties and theorems of these numbers for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
A new method for inextensible flows of timelike curves in 4-dimensional LP-Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Körpinar Talat
Published: August 2015

Inextensible flows of timelike curves plays an important role in practical applications. In this paper, we construct a new method for inextensible flows of timelike curves in a conformally flat, quasi conformally flat and conformally symmetric 4-dimensional LP-Sasakian manifold. With this new representation, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition for the given curve to be the inextensible flow. By using curvature tensor field, we give some characterizations for curvatures of a timelike curve in a conformally flat, quasi conformally flat and conformally symmetric 4-dimensional LP-Sasakian manifold. Finally, we obtain flows of some associated curves of timelike curves.
Reticulation of an almost distributive lattice
Authors: Pawar Y. S. , Shaikh I. A.
Published: August 2015

A congruence relation [Formula: see text] on an ADL [Formula: see text] is defined such that the quotient lattice [Formula: see text] is a distributive lattice and the prime spectrum of [Formula: see text] and of [Formula: see text] are homeomorphic. Also it is proved that the minimal prime spectrum of [Formula: see text] is homeomorphic with the minimal prime spectrum of [Formula: see text].
Double Vogan superdiagrams of Lie superalgebras and symmetric superspaces
Authors: Ransingh Biswajit
Published: August 2015

A Vogan superdiagram is a set of involution and painting on a Dynkin diagram. It selects a real form, or equivalently an involution, from a complex simple Lie superalgebra. We introduce the double Vogan superdiagram, which comprises of two sets of Vogan superdiagrams superimposed on an affine Dynkin diagram. They correspond to pairs of commuting involutions on complex simple Lie superalgebras, and therefore provide an independent classification of the simple locally symmetric or semisymmetric superpairs.