bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as an indicator of radiological disease activity in clinically stable multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tekin Taşkıran Esra , Öztürk Bilgin
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the most common neurological disorder causing disability in young people. There is no sensitive and specific marker for both diagnosis and follow-up. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is an easily applicable method and in this study we aimed to observe the changes in this ratio in the presence of isolated radiologic activity in MS.
Materials and Methods: We compared 20 MS active patients with no clinical attack or neurologic progression and only radiologic activity with 20 age- and sex-matched clinically and radiologically stable MS patients in terms of NLR.
Results: Mean NLR value was 2.22±0.87 in radiologically active patient group (Min 1.08-Max 4.28) and mean NLR value was 2.31±1.37 in control group (Min 0.96-Max 5.92). We observed that NLR values in patients with radiologic activity only were not significantly different from NLR values in patients with both clinical and radiologic stability.
Conclusion: Marker studies in the diagnosis and follow-up of MS continue rapidly. Prospective studies involving a much larger cohort may be instructive in order to demonstrate the association of simple, easily applicable, non-invasive, inexpensive methods such as NLR with MS disease activity.
Investigation of the relationship between hallux valgus, quadriceps angle, and body image perception in young adults
Authors: Tutuş Ezcan , Özandaç Polat Sema , Işık Emir İbrahim , Göker Pınar
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Our study aimed to identify the presence and severity of hallux valgus deformity in young adults, using both by the Manchester classification and goniometry, to evaluate the Quadriceps angle (Q angle), and to examine the relationship between some anatomical parameters and body image perception.
Materials and Methods: A total of 158 individuals aged 18-30 (111 females, 47 males) who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study were included. Demographic characteristics, Quadriceps angle, and hallux valgus angle were measured. Hallux valgus and Quadriceps angles were determined using a goniometer, while the Manchester scale was employed to evaluate the level of Hallux valgus deformity. The Golden Ratio for the lower extremity was calculated by taking the ratio of lower extremity length to leg length, and the body image perception score was determined.
Results: Body weight, height and body mass index showed statistically significant differences in terms of gender, while age parameter did not show statistically significant difference between genders. Also, no significant difference in Quadriceps angle was observed between genders for both right and left sides, while a significant difference in Hallux valgus angle was noted. A high, positive, and significant relationship was found between Manchester classification and hallux valgus, while Golden ratio values did not significantly differ by gender. Additionally, body image perception scores were higher in males (162.60±25.45 points) than in females (153.51±25.89 points).
Conclusion: Deviations from their normal values of the hallux valgus and quadriceps angle which affect the musculoskeletal system, may lead to some health problems, as well as difficulties in performing daily life activities, and concerns about aesthetics. Failure to fulfil one’s normal functions or not to find oneself aesthetically insufficient will also make it likely that the body image perception will deteriorate.
Magnification of anxiety sensitivity, alexithymia, anger and bodily sensations in patients with migraine headache
Authors: Polat Selim , Hocaoğlu Çiçek , Kırbaş Serkan , Tüfekçi Ahmet
Published: September 2024

Purpose: In this study, alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity, exaggerated physical sensations and anger expression in patients with migraine headache were compared with a healthy control group.
Material and Methods: A total of 88 migraine headache patients and 91 healthy volunteers who applied to the Neurology Clinic and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), Physical Sensation Exaggeration Scale (BIDS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and Spielberger Trait Anger Expression Scale (LASP) were administered to all subjects included in the study.
Results: In our study, 59 (67%) of the patients with migraine were female and 29 (33%) were male, while 59 (64.8%) of the control group were female and 32 (35.2%) were male. The mean age of the patient group was 39.07 ± 7.5 (25-55) years, while the mean age of the control group was 37.30 ± 8.2 (25-55) years. When compared according to the mean scores of ASI, BIDS and TAS, it was determined that the scores of the patient group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Anger expression style was higher in the patient group compared to the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of anger expression and anger control. A significant relationship was found between TAS and trait anger, anger-in and anger-out scores.
Conclusion: In this study, many patients with migraine headache were associated with a psychiatric symptom. These psychiatric symptoms, which affect the current treatment of patients and the course of the disease, are often overlooked or misdiagnosed by clinicians. Our study demonstrates the need for inter-clinical consultation and liaison.
Clinical and morphologic features of macular telangiectasia type 2: natural course of the disease
Authors: Işık Püren , Kaya İlgin , Esen Ebru , Demircan Nihal , Binokay Hülya
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical characteristics of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel 2) in a natural disease course.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with MacTel 2 over a 4-year period. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were reviewed. Differences in BCVA, fundoscopic findings, and OCT parameters were compared between the initial and final visits.
Results: The study included 28 eyes from 14 patients (11 women, 3 males), with a mean age of 65.5 ± 9.8 years. The mean follow-up period was 55.6 ± 32.9 months. The mean BCVA at baseline and final follow-up were 0.51 ± 0.6 and 0.7 ± 0.62 logMAR, respectively. At the first and last visits, the right-angle venules were the most common fundoscopic finding (78.6% for both). Subretinal neovascularization (NV) was initially present in two eyes and developed in one eye during follow-up. The mean temporal macular thickness decreased significantly during the follow-up period, while the central and nasal thickness did not show a significant change. At the last visit, focal ellipsoid zone (EZ) loss was found in 27 eyes (96.4%), compared to 24 eyes (85.7%) at baseline. External limiting membrane (ELM) loss was found in 23 eyes (82.1%) at the first visit and in 25 eyes (89.3%) at the final visit. The increase in mean length of the EZ and ELM loss during the follow-up was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Despite the progressive effect of the disease on central visual acuity, it is very important to closely monitor these eyes for the development of secondary NV, which may develop due to degenerative and atrophic changes in the macula.
Potency–Magnitude Scaling Relations and a Unified Earthquake Catalog for the Western United States
Authors: Trugman Daniel T. , Ben-Zion Yehuda
Published: September 2024

Quantifying the size of earthquakes is a foundational task in seismology, and over the years several magnitude scales have been developed. Of these, only scales based on seismic moment or potency can properly characterize changes in event size without saturation. Here, we develop empirical potency–magnitude scaling relations for earthquakes in the western United States, allowing us to translate instrumental magnitude estimates into uniform measures of earthquake size. We use synthetic waveforms to validate the observed scaling relations and to provide additional insight into the differences between instrumental and physics-based magnitude scales. Each earthquake in our catalog is assigned a clustering designation distinguishing mainshocks from triggered seismicity, along with a potency-based magnitude estimate that is comparable to moment magnitude and that can be easily converted into other magnitude scales as needed. The developed catalog and associated scaling relations have broad applications for fundamental and applied studies of earthquake processes and hazards.
CUMHURİYET'İN İLANI VE HÜSEYİN RAUF ORBAY
Authors: Doğan Nazire
Published: September 2024

Türk tarihinin önemli şahsiyetlerinden biri olan Hüseyin Rauf Orbay’ın tarihte en çok eleştirildiği konulardan biri; Cumhuriyet’in ilanı konusudur. Bu eleştirinin çıkış noktası da Rauf Bey’in Cumhuriyetin ilanını müteakip İstanbul gazetelerine verdiği beyanattır. Bu beyanatta Rauf Bey; Cumhuriyetin erken ilan edildiği ve bu ilan dolayısıyla halkta bir endişe meydana geldiğine yönelik cümleler sarf etmiştir. Bu beyanatı Ankara’da büyük yankı uyandırmıştır. Ankara gazeteleri Rauf Bey’i eleştiren yazılar kaleme alırken dönemin Cebel-i Bereket Milletvekili İhsan Bey meclise bir önerge vermiş ve Rauf Bey’in beyanatından dolayı açıklama yapmasını istemiştir. Bu önerge neticesinde Rauf Bey Ankara’ya giderek Halk Fırkası’nın 22 Kasım 1923 tarihli oturumunda açıklama yapmıştır. Açıklamalarında Cumhuriyetin ilanı konusunu İstanbul gazetelerinden öğrendiğini ve verdiği beyanattaki ifadelerin gazetelerde yazılanlardan edindiği izlenim dolayısıyla olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Cumhuriyet karşıtı olmadığını da defalarca vurgulamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Rauf Bey’in Cumhuriyet karşıtı mı yoksa Cumhuriyet taraftarı mı olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma bulguları Rauf Bey’in Cumhuriyet karşıtı bir kimse olmadığını ve Cumhuriyet karşıtı olduğu izlenimini yaratan beyanatındaki ifadeleri İstanbul basınında çıkan haberlerden etkilenerek söylediğini göstermektedir.
Scaffolds in periodontal regeneration- A brief review
Authors: Dagar Mona , Chaudry Karuna , Shukla Pradeep , Joshi CS , Shiwach Rashmi , Narayan RR
Published: September 2024

The periodontium constitutes the supportive framework of a tooth, comprising the integration of the periodontal ligament, cementum, gingiva, and alveolar bone. The periodontium's health is compromised by the infiltration of bacteria due to local or systemic factors. Untreated periodontal disease can lead to the loss of attachment and eventual tooth loss, necessitating effective therapy. Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary approach that combines engineering techniques with life sciences principles to generate biological substitutes for damaged tissues, aiming to restore, maintain, or enhance their function. In recent years, various scaffolding technologies have emerged, transitioning from monophasic to multi-phasic/bioactive scaffold systems, with the goal of three-dimensional regeneration of periodontal tissue rather than mere promotion of healing. This review discusses tissue engineering principles, materials, and recent advancements in scaffold design for periodontal tissue regeneration, along with their efficacy tested both in vitro and in vivo.
A clinical prospective study on the surgical management of zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures using two-point fixation
Authors: Reddy Kora Ramya , Abhinandan Patel K N , Girish G , Sneha TR , Nikhila G
Published: September 2024

The ZMC fractures are one of the most frequently occurring maxillofacial injuries due to its prominence and facial contour. The ZMC forms a principle buttress of face and helps transmit occlusal forces to skull base. Fracture of zygomatic bone leads aesthetic and functional deformity. Restoration to premorbid condition is most predictable by ORIF.

In this study was to evaluate efficacy of two-point internal fixation using conventional miniplates and screws for ZMC fractures.

35 patients with established unilateral isolated ZMC fractures were operated using two-point fixation method i.e. the maxillary buttress and the fronto-zygomatic suture, followed up for 3 months. Patients were assessed clinically and radiographically at different follow up intervals. Charts of patients were reviewed for age, gender, etiology, malar height analysis and vertical dystopia.

35 patients in this study, underwent ORIF under GA with two-point fixation. Preoperatively, mean malar height of the patients recorded was 66.55 ± 3.02. There was a significant increase in malar height postoperatively (P < 0.0001). 70.24 ± 2.05, at 1st week, and 69.87 ± 1.98. in 3rd and 6th weeks. Preoperatively, mean vertical dystopia of patients was 2.24 ± 0.71. Postoperative resolution of vertical dystopia was statistically significant (P<0.0001), with value of 0.52 ± 0.52.

Integrity of ZMC is important in maintenance of normal facial width and prominence of cheek. Two‑point fixation shows satisfactory results functionally, esthetically and also provides additional advantage by eliminating another surgical site. Thus we conclude that our study provides a basis for further research.
Role of calcium sucrose phosphate (CaSP) in dental carries
Authors: Trailokya Abhijit Anil , Amar Shirsat
Published: September 2024

Oral health is an essential component of overall well-being is often neglected across world and specially in India. Dental caries, or tooth decay, represents one of the most significant and prevalent problems in oral health. Demineralization is a harmful process in which essential mineral ions are removed from the hydroxyapatite crystals that make up dental enamel, which can result in tooth decay. On the other hand, remineralization is the process of strengthening enamel by replacing lost mineral ions. This process is essential for reversing early signs of dental caries. Calcium Sucrose Phosphate (CaSP), a chemical that has been emphasized for its effectiveness as a demineralizing agent. Calcium Sucrose Phosphate 's mode of action directly enhances the remineralization process by increasing the concentration of calcium and phosphate ions in saliva, strengthening dental enamel, and preventing decay.
Иск о признании права отсутствующим: инструкция по применению
Authors: Хакимулин Антон Рафаилович
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to a detailed consideration of a special means of protecting the rights and legally protected interests of the owner: a claim to recognize the right as absent. Its specific features and characteristics are highlighted, a comparative analysis is carried out in comparison with competing remedies: a vindication claim, a negatory claim, a claim for the demolition of an unauthorized building, the relationship of a claim for recognizing a right as absent with general remedies is analyzed: a claim for declaring a transaction invalid, for the application of consequences invalidity of a void transaction. In addition to the review and analysis of theoretical issues, a significant part of the work is the systematization of judicial practice on the topic of research. The practical demand for this method of protecting subjective civil rights, on the one hand, and the lack of scientific research in this area, on the other hand, determine the relevance of the study.
Статус несовершеннолетнегов административно-деликтном и уголовном праве
Authors: Павлова Людмила Олеговна
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the status of a minor as a subject of administrative offenses and crimes, as well as a victim of these offenses. Special attention is paid to how the presence of a child in the subject of an administrative offense or crime affects the limits of liability. The author shares the idea of establishing a 14-year age limit for the responsibility of the subject provided for a certain list of administrative offenses. The idea of separating administrative offenses in which minors are victims is also put forward within a separate chapter. An analysis of all elements of administrative offenses and crimes is carried out and the conclusion is made that the minority of the victim in some cases acts as a constructive feature, in others - as a qualifying feature.
Caracterización mecánica de un material compuesto de resina poliéster reforzado con corteza de Eucalipto
Authors: García Jimmy , Analuiza Hidalgo Byron Darío , Agualongo Amangandi Wilson Gabriel , Remache Sasig Milton Xavier
Published: September 2024

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el desempeño mecánico de un material compuesto fabricado con diferentes proporciones de matriz de resina poliéster y refuerzo de fibra de corteza de eucalipto. Se prepararon probetas con fracciones volumétricas de 90% matriz - 10% refuerzo, 80% matriz - 20% refuerzo y 70% matriz - 30% refuerzo, con las fibras distribuidas aleatoriamente. Se realizaron ensayos de tracción, flexión e impacto según las normas ASTM para determinar las propiedades mecánicas del compuesto. Los resultados mostraron una disminución en la resistencia a la tracción y flexión del compuesto en comparación con la resina pura, lo cual se atribuyó a la presencia de concentradores de esfuerzos y a una baja adhesión entre las fibras y la matriz. Sin embargo, se observó un aumento en el módulo elástico y en la energía de impacto absorbida por el material compuesto. La combinación de 70% de matriz y 30% de refuerzo presentó el mejor balance de propiedades mecánicas entre las diferentes formulaciones estudiadas. Este estudio destaca el potencial de los materiales compuestos reforzados con fibras naturales como una alternativa sostenible a las fibras sintéticas, aprovechando los recursos renovables disponibles en Ecuador y reduciendo el impacto ambiental asociado a la producción de materiales compuestos tradicionales. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen al desarrollo de nuevos materiales ecológicos con aplicaciones en diversas industrias, promoviendo el uso de fibras naturales y fomentando la investigación en este campo.
A Utilização de Óleos Essenciais como Alternativa Sustentável no Controle da Varroa em Abelhas Africanizadas
Authors: Trigueiro Neto Mário Vilar , Souto Lauter Silva , Silva Rosilene Agra da , Trigueiro Ana Mayara Pereira Vilar , Trigueiro Camila da Silva Gomes , Medeiros Aline Carla de , Maracaja Patricio Borges
Published: September 2024

: A apicultura é uma atividade de grande importância econômica e ecológica mundial, mas enfrenta desafios devido à infestação pelo ácaro Varroa destructor, que compromete a saúde das abelhas, resultando em perdas significativas na produção de mel e polinização. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o potencial de óleos essenciais como alternativas biológicas para o controle do V. destructor. Foram revisadas bibliografias de experimentos utilizando diferentes óleos essenciais de plantas nativas, com ênfase em sua atividade acaricida. Os resultados mostraram que alguns óleos apresentaram boa eficácia na redução da infestação por Varroa destructor, demonstrando taxas de mortalidade significativas do ácaro em concentrações específicas. Adicionalmente, a aplicação da maioria dos óleos não causaram efeitos significativos nas colônias de abelhas, indicando uma alternativa segura e sustentável ao uso de pesticidas químicos. Conclui-se que os óleos essenciais podem ser alternativa promissora aos pesticidas químicos. Embora menos agressivos ao meio ambiente e às abelhas, ainda existem lacunas na literatura. Recomenda-se a continuidade das investigações, incluindo testes in vitro e de campo, para padronizar protocolos de uso e garantir a eficácia, visando a sua aplicação em escala comercial no combate ao varroa.
Optimization of the Brewing of “Kablé-Missine”, Togo Northern Local Sorghum Beer
Authors: Agoura Diantom , Mazabalo Ayah , Gott’Liebe Goka M. , Mamatchi Melila , Kokouvi Agblekpe A. , Tchadjobo Tchacondo
Published: September 2024

Kablé-missine is a traditional alcoholic beverage predominantly brewed in Northern region of Togo. Despite its widespread consumption and use in various festivities, its quality varies enormously depending on the individual brewing methods. This study aimed to optimize the brewing process of local sorghum beer, kablé-missine, with a particular focus on malting and mashing. Local sorghum grains were subjected to steeping, and key parameters including moisture content during malting, pH, and Brix of the wort were evaluated. The moisture content significantly increased during the steeping phase (39.77 ± 0.44%) and subsequently decreased during germination (37.93 ± 0.53%). The pH of the acidification process was adjusted to 3.11 ± 0.02, and the Brix level significantly increased with extended boiling time in both samples. Moreover, using a limited amount of water during mashing effectively reduced the boiling time.
The dynamic trio: The relationship between passion, perseverance and job satisfaction
Authors: Gorenak Mitja , Uršič Nataša , Rajner Igor
Published: September 2024

This work aims to enhance the understanding of the dynamic relationship between passion, perseverance and job satisfaction among tour guides, recognizing the interconnected nature of these elements and their impact on tourism experience. A quantitative survey was conducted among a representative sample of tour guides using two pre-existing validated questionnaires, allowing the results to be generalized to the entire population. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics within the tourism industry, particularly regarding tour guides. While passion, perseverance and job satisfaction are interrelated, their correlations exhibit specific characteristics; passion does not directly dictate job satisfaction, whereas perseverance is a significant contributor. This research emphasizes the importance of commitment, combining both passion and perseverance, and offers insights that can inform managerial decisions and human resources (HR) policies concerning tour guides in tourist agencies.
Fotografiar el pasado
Authors: Zelcer Mariano
Published: September 2024

Las actualizaciones recientes de los sistemas operativos de los teléfonos celulares trajeron como novedad la posibilidad de generar fotos en movimiento con sus cámaras digitales. Estas fotos consisten en un video muy breve que termina en una imagen estática, que es la que corresponde al instante de la toma. La foto en movimiento puede entenderse como un nuevo tipo de imagen que combina de, modo muy preciso, dos materias de la expresión preexistentes (el video digital y la fotografía digital) y que sigue ampliando el universo de lo que socialmente se llama “fotografía” para abarcar, por primera vez, imágenes en movimiento. Empleando la noción semiótica de dispositivo, este trabajo analiza la génesis de estas nuevas fotografías, así como también ciertas prácticas novedosas que vienen habilitadas con posterioridad a la toma. Entre ellas, el artículo se detiene en la posibilidad, brindada por el dispositivo, de generar nuevas fotografías estáticas de los instantes previos a la captura original, lo que da lugar a la práctica novedosa de tomar una foto de un momento pasado. Esta particularidad del dispositivo, que tiene la capacidad de desvincular, por primera vez, el instante fotografiado del de la toma, tiene implicancias enunciativas relevantes y puede reconfigurar, en un futuro cercano y con la expansión de los saberes de este arché, la comprensión social de lo que se entienda por “fotografía”.
How Children Stop Adult Perpetrators From Unwanted Touching Within an Institutional Setting: Termination Patterns During Sexual Contact Stage
Authors: Shon Leah
Published: September 2024

This qualitative study analyzes victims’ narratives of male-on-male child molestation within the Boy Scouts of America. The focus of previous literature on sex crime victims mostly centered on how to avoid sex offenders based on the offenders’ behaviors and effective victims’ treatment plans to alleviate their posttrauma as a result of sexual abuse. Yet studies have not provided detailed descriptions of when and how to resist sexual advances to children when such incidents are in progress within youth-oriented institutions. Few have examined victim narratives to discover the dynamics of child molestation, such as physical and verbal interactions between the two parties while sexual touching is occurring. The author used victims’ narratives to identify how boy victims responded to unwanted sexual advances by scout leaders within the Boy Scouts of America. Based on qualitative-oriented analysis, this study presents verbal and physical resisting patterns of male victims and the effectiveness of such actions in terminating sexual advances. The findings suggest practical and potential intervention strategies so children know how to stop adult perpetrators from developing unwanted touching within youth-centric institutions.
La transmedialidad incipiente: El silencio de las palabras.
Authors: Gómez Montero Vicente
Published: September 2024

The story told by Martha Cuevas is a pessimistic story, not because of the reasons given in a speech, but because of the pessimism that permeates a society that does not quite know who the villain is.Evidently it is about an organized crime boss who appears in the book, the silence of words with a beatific name that threatens and fulfills, that fulfills and persecutes, that harasses and laughs.
The Impact of a Metacognitive Intervention on Student Experiences and Success in an Academic Probation Program for First-year Students
Authors: Swanson Holly J. , Dewsbury Bryan
Published: September 2024

First-year students often struggle with self-regulated learning, particularly in monitoring and accurately assessing their level of understanding and translating that into appropriate preparation for rigorous post-secondary coursework. When their academic struggles become extreme, they can be placed in probationary programs. An intervention involving weekly reflective surveys focused on study strategies and metacognitive skill development was integrated into one such probationary program for first-year students. During the intervention, a slightly higher rate of successful completion of the program was observed compared to previous years. The self-reported experiences and patterns of engagement of the students suggested that the intervention positively impacted metacognitive skill development and additionally provided evidence of the importance of motivation at various points throughout the process. Identifying appropriate timepoints for intervention can better prepare stakeholders to support those students who may not be retained.
Evaluating chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in trauma patients at a single Australian center
Authors: Quarmby Natalie , Vo Minh Tu , Chan Sean Weng
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Trauma patients are at an elevated risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), with the subsequent mortality in patients requiring intensive care unit admission ranging from 25% to 38%. There remains significant variability in clinical practice related to VTE prophylaxis in trauma patients due to the frequent presence of contraindications impacting the timing and consistency of application. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the current practice of chemical VTE prophylaxis in trauma patients at a single Australian center.Methods: A prospective review was conducted on patients admitted to the ACT Trauma Service (Canberra, Australia) from July to November 2022. The included patients were 18 years or older, without a direct contraindication to anticoagulation, who received chemical VTE prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) for at least three doses and underwent subsequent testing of anti-factor Xa (aFXa) levels.Results: During the study period, 187 patients were admitted, of whom 63 were included in the study. Of these, 47 patients achieved therapeutic levels of anticoagulation as determined by their aFXa levels, while 16 were subtherapeutic. The only statistically significant difference between the two groups was in weight, with patients in the subtherapeutic group weighing an average of 91.9 kg compared to 79.1 kg in the therapeutic group (P<0.05).Conclusions: A fixed-dose enoxaparin regimen was utilized, with limited individualization based on patient factors, such as injuries, comorbidities, and other biological factors. Sixteen patients (25%) had subtherapeutic VTE prophylaxis, as measured by aFXa levels. Higher weight was significantly correlated with inadequate VTE prophylaxis dosing. While age, sex, and smoking status might play important roles in clinical decision-making, weight-based dosing of low-molecular-weight heparin may be more effective in achieving adequate VTE prophylaxis.
Effect of Ceftaroline, Ceftazidime/Avibactam, Ceftolozane/Tazobactam, and Meropenem/Vaborbactam on Establishment of Colonization by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Mice
Authors: Hausman Bryan , Memic Samir , Cadnum Jennifer , Zink Elizabeth , Wilson Brigid , Donskey Curtis
Published: September 2024

Background: The potential for promotion of intestinal colonization with healthcare-associated pathogens by new antibiotics used to treat infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli is unclear.
Methods: Mice treated for 3 days with daily subcutaneous phosphate-buffered saline (control), ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftaroline, and meropenem/vaborbactam were challenged with 10,000 colony-forming units (CFU) of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) resistant to each of the antibioics or carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 day after the final treatment dose. The concentrations of VRE or K. pneumoniae in stool were measured on days 1, 3, 6, and 15 after challenge.
Results: Control mice had transient low levels of VRE or K. pneumoniae (<3 log10 CFU/g) detected in stool with negative cultures on days 6 and 15 after challenge. In comparison to control mice, each of the antibiotics promoted establishment of high-density colonization with VRE (mean concentration, >8 log10 CFU/g of stool on day 1 after challenge) that persisted at >4 log10 CFU/g of stool through day 15 (P<0.01). In comparison to control mice, meropenem/vaborbactam and ceftaroline promoted high-density colonization with K. pneumoniae (peak concentration, >8 log10 CFU/g of stool) (P<0.01), ceftolozane/tazobactam promoted colonization to a lesser degree (peak concentration, >5 log10 CFU/g of stool), and ceftazidime/avibactam did not promote colonization (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that several beta-lactam antibiotics recently developed for treatment of infections with resistant Gram-negative bacilli have the potential to promote colonization by healthcare-associated pathogens. Additional studies are needed to examine the impact of these agents in patients.
Nasal Symptoms of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Were Related to Its Nasoendoscopic Findings: A Retrospective Cohort Study at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya
Authors: Chandra Christopher Marcellino , Kristyono Irwan , Soegiarto Gatot , Nugroho Puguh Setyo
Published: September 2024

Highlights:

Nasal congestion was the most common symptom presented in CRS patients.
Nasal symptoms of CRS were positively associated with nasoendoscopic findings.

 
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is often encountered in Indonesia. Nasal endoscopy, or nasendoscopy, is considered the gold standard for assessing the severity of CRS. However, as nasendoscopy is unavailable in Indonesia, only symptom assessments can be conducted at primary healthcare facilities. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between nasoendoscopic findings based on the Lund-Kennedy score (LKS) and symptoms in CRS patients based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) score.
Methods: This retrospective analytic study evaluated CRS cases identified in the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, from July 2021 to July 2022.  Statistical analysis was conducted using Spearman’s rank correlation test to identify the correlation (R-value) between LKS and the VAS score. Statistical significance was achieved if p-value <0.05. All statistical tests were conducted using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows.
Results: A total of 57 CRS patients were included in this study, mostly females (64.9%) and those aged 50–59 years old (26.9%). Nasal congestion was the dominant nasal symptom (80.7%), with mostly moderate symptom severity (VAS 4-7) reported. Across both nasal cavities, the most frequent nasoendoscopic finding among CRS patients was nasal edema (82.4% and 93%). A positive and weak correlation existed between the total VAS score of all symptoms and the total LKS of both nasal cavities (r = 0.387, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The nasal symptoms of CRS patients were significantly associated with its nasoendoscopic findings.
Hitting the target: cell signaling pathways modulation by extracellular vesicles
Authors: Cerrotti Giada , Buratta Sandra , Latella Raffaella , Calzoni Eleonora , Cusumano Gaia , Bertoldi Agnese , Porcellati Serena , Emiliani Carla , Urbanelli Lorena
Published: September 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles released outside the cell. EVs have drawn attention not only for their role in cell waste disposal, but also as additional tools for cell-to-cell communication. Their complex contents include not only lipids, but also proteins, nucleic acids (RNA, DNA), and metabolites. A large part of these molecules are involved in mediating or influencing signal transduction in target cells. In multicellular organisms, EVs have been suggested to modulate signals in cells localized either in the neighboring tissue or in distant regions of the body by interacting with the cell surface or by entering the cells via endocytosis or membrane fusion. Most of the EV-modulated cell signaling pathways have drawn considerable attention because they affect morphogenetic signaling pathways, as well as pathways activated by cytokines and growth factors. Therefore, they are implicated in relevant biological processes, such as embryonic development, cancer initiation and spreading, tissue differentiation and repair, and immune response. Furthermore, it has recently emerged that multicellular organisms interact with and receive signals through EVs released by their microbiota as well as by edible plants. This review reports studies investigating EV-mediated signaling in target mammalian cells, with a focus on key pathways for organism development, organ homeostasis, cell differentiation and immune response.
The diagnostic odyssey, clinical burden, and natural history of Barth syndrome: an analysis of patient registry data
Authors: Kenneson Aileen , Huang Yonglin , Lontok Erik , Marjoram Lindsay
Published: September 2024

Aim: Barth syndrome (BTHS; OMIM 302060) is an ultra-rare, complex, multi-system X-linked disorder that arises from pathogenic mutations in the gene TAFAZZIN . BTHS is characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, muscle weakness, and neutropenia. To better understand the natural history and lived experience of affected individuals, the Barth Syndrome Foundation maintains the patient-inputted Barth Syndrome Registry and Repository (BRR).

Methods: Available cross-sectional and longitudinal participant data (n = 115) were analyzed to illustrate the diagnostic odyssey, manifestations, and healthcare utilization across a broad range of affected individual age groups.

Results: Individuals who experienced cardiomyopathy or heart failure as the first manifestation had the shortest times to diagnosis compared to less appreciated manifestations (e.g., frequent infections, poor muscle tone, growth delay). The most frequently reported manifestations across all ages were due to cardiac disorders (80.7%), gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (68.7%), neutropenia or frequent infections (67.2%), and fatigue (60.9%), with 47.1% of participants scoring in the moderate-to-severe range of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue Short Form 8A survey. Participants saw, on average, 3.6 specialists in the previous year, with cardiologists (97.9%) and hematologists (58.2%) being the most commonly seen specialists.

Conclusion: The data suggest that cardiac disorders are the most common manifestations of BTHS, but also reveal a high frequency of feeding and GI-related issues that previous reports have not captured. Physician-targeted education on the lesser-known symptoms and population-based screening for BTHS may aid in timely diagnosis and improved clinical management.
Time-travelling Turing Machines and the Self-consistent Halting Problem
Authors: Orlicki José Ignacio
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces the novel concept of Time-Traveling Turing Machines (TTTMs) — Turing Machines with the ability to read symbols that have been explicitly sent from their future computational state. We delve into their properties and behavior, particularly emphasizing the importance of maintaining a self-consistent computational timeline. We present theorems demonstrating the universality of these machines and the challenges in achieving faster computations than traditional Turing Machines.
Integrating Climate Data and Advanced Machine Learning for Precision Dengue Outbreak Prediction: A Study in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, Vietnam
Authors: Anh Tuan Dang , Dang Tran Ngoc
Published: September 2024

Dengue fever is a persistent public health issue in tropical regions, including Vietnam, where climate variability significantly influences transmission dynamics. This study aims to develop machine learning models to forecast dengue outbreaks in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, Vietnam, by leveraging meteorological data from 2003 to 2022. Four models were utilized: Negative Binomial Regression (NBR), Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Regressors (SARIMAX), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. Key climate variables incorporated in the models include daily maximum and minimum temperature (ranging from 26.57°C to 29.63°C), temperature range (1.86°C to 7.26°C), relative humidity (58.3% to 89.1%), precipitation (up to 42.53 mm/day), surface pressure (100.08 to 101.14 kPa), wind speed (1.90 to 10.23 m/s), wind direction, and sea surface temperature (24.7°C to 29.8°C). Lagged variables from 2 to 20 weeks were included to account for delayed climatic effects on dengue transmission. The NBR model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy with the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 21.41. SARIMAX and LSTM models effectively captured seasonal trends but struggled with short-term outbreak prediction, achieving MAEs of 20.31 and 28.86, respectively. XGBoost exhibited moderate predictive performance (MAE: 24.45) but was prone to overfitting without fine-tuning. These findings highlight the value of climate-based machine learning models, particularly NBR, in forecasting dengue outbreaks in Ba Ria-Vung Tau. However, enhancing short-term outbreak prediction remains challenging, underscoring the need for model refinement and integration into early warning systems for more effective public health responses.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Reticulated Platelets: New Horizons in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Mera-Azain Cristian Alejandro , Vargas-Pasquel Johan Leandro , Quijano-Gómez Sandra Milena , Rodríguez-Pardo Viviana Marcela
Published: September 2024

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and reticulated platelets (RPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MM. This narrative review aims to explore the role of MSCs and RPs in the pathophysiology of MM, particularly their clinical use as possible variables of prognostic value in this hematologic neoplasia. The interaction between MSCs and MM cells within the bone marrow microenvironment supports MM cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance. MSCs contribute to the development and maintenance of MM through the secretion of various factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Moreover, RPs, young and highly reactive platelets, have been implicated in promoting angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis in MM. Several studies show that cells such as MSCs and platelets participate actively in the biology of the disease. Still, in clinical practice, they are not considered part of evaluating affected patients. In this review, we explore the possibility of including the evaluation of MSC and PRs in the clinical practice of patients with MM as part of the strategies to improve the follow-up of this disease.
Review of Endodontic Instrumentation via Different Access Cavities – from Randomized In-Vitro Studies to Clinical Applications
Authors: Lang Tomas , Steiner Isabelle , Ditz Alexander , Weich Karl W. , Nguyen Dinh Quoc-Viet , Gaengler Peter
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim:

Micro-invasive therapeutic approaches in endodontics differentiate between different modified types of access cavities: occlusal via a smaller occlusal opening (15 ° access angle), medial (via the caries defect) for premolars and molars (30 ° access angle) and cervical with wedge-shaped defects or root caries on anterior teeth and single-rooted premolars (45 ° access angle). Therefore, the aim of this work was (i) to create an in-vitro model for the clinical simulation of these three different modified access types, (ii) to assess the biomechanics of the instrumentation and (iii) to measure the volumetric substance loss of four different preparation systems.

Material and Method:
Simulated S-shaped root canals with a high degree of obliteration (ISO 10) in acrylic polymer bodies with canal entrance angles of 15 °, 30 ° and 45 ° were shaped with NaOCl (3%) irrigation under clinical simulation at body temperature (37 ° C) in randomized blinded sequences (n = 7) according to manufacturer's instructions:

1. Conventional geometry, not heat treated, up to 35 / .04 (F360, Komet)
2. Conventional geometry, heat-treated, spark-eroded up to 40 / .04 (Hyflex EDM, Coltene Hyflex)
3. Spiral geometry, heat treated, up to 36 / .03 (TruNatomy, DentsplySirona)
4. Distinctive spiral geometry, heat-treated (XP-Endo Shaper, FKG)
The vectorization (AutoCAD) of the root canals was performed before and after preparation in the apical, middle and coronal third of the root canal. The volumetric loss of substance in cubic millimeters was recorded and statistically evaluated using an independent two-sided t-test.
Clinical demonstrations include three cases of micro-invasive access cavities as final proof of principle of fast and safe root canal treatment.

Results
The total loss of volume at 15 ° entry angles is significantly lowest with TruNatomy and XP Endo. With an access angle of 30 °, the total loss remains low and increases with F360 and Hyflex .. At a 45 ° access angle, the group differences remain: TruNatomy (6.5 mm3) and XP Endo (6.4 mm3) versus F360 (8.3 mm3) and Hyflex (8.4 mm3). This difference in loss of simulated root dentin is highly significant.

Conclusions
Conventional instruments achieve optimal shape of apical third of root canals at all entrance angles only with higher substance loss in coronal and middle thirds . In contrast, the spiral instrument geometry contributes to dentin protection and supports the concept of minimally invasive endodontics for lifelong tooth preservation as shown in four clinical cases.
Group Psychomotor Therapy Improves Socio-Emotional and Motor Competence of Preschool Aged Children, With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Kambas Antonis , Venetsanou Fotini , Kelaraki Danai , Karageorgopoulou Maria
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 5.29%-7.2% of children worldwide. Research supports the use of physical activity programs for children with ADHD, which have been shown to provide benefits in neuropsychological and cognitive parameters, executive functions, and social-emotional development. One such program that incorporates physical activity is group psychomotor therapy (GPT), which utilizes inclusion as a key design and implementation principle. However, there is limited data on the effectiveness of GPT for children both with and without ADHD. This study investigated the effects of group psychomotor therapy (GPT), a physical activity-based approach emphasizing inclusion, on the socio-emotional competence and motor competence of preschool aged children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A total of 54 children (19 with ADHD and 35 without; Mage= 61.80±5.40 months) participated in a 27-week GPT program. Assessments of motor competence and socio-emotional competence were conducted pre- and post- programme’s implementation, using the DEMOST-PRE© and the Psychosocial Adjustment Test, respectively. Results: Children without ADHD scored statistically higher scores across all assessed variables. However, both groups presented significant improvements in both motor and social-emotional competence. Conclusions: Children without ADHD scored statistically higher scores across all assessed variables. However, both groups presented significant improvements in both motor and social-emotional competence.
Sustainable Development Goals in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis of Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: ZEEWAQAR MALIK
Published: September 2024

The United Nations Global Sustainability Agenda 2030 introduces a transformative framework through its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are designed to achieve equitable, prosperous, and sustainable development globally. Unlike the incremental Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDGs aim for systemic changes across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, ensuring that no one is left behind. This research paper provides a comprehensive examination of Pakistan's progress towards achieving the SDGs under the UN Global Sustainability Agenda 2030. Specifically, it includes an analysis of the prioritization of SDGs in Pakistan, highlights federal and institutional initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable development, and explores the role of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in advancing these goals. Additionally, the paper critically analyzes the SDGs in Pakistan’s annual status report, identifies the key challenges faced by the nation in implementing these goals, and offers recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of SDG implementation. Overall, the focus is primarily on the detailed analysis of the annual status report, the challenges encountered, and strategic recommendations for achieving excellence in SDGs in Pakistan.