bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Bhargavi K. , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur , Pradhan Akankhya
Published: May 2023

The field experiment was carried out during the Zaid season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. To study the response of sulphur and zinc on the growth and yield of Pearl millet. The treatments consist of sulphur @ 20, 30 and 40 kg/ha and zinc @ 5, 10 and15 kg/ha. There were 9 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%), available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher plant height (198.06 cm), plant dry weight (75.83 g/plant), crop growth rate (47.70 g/m2 /day), ear head length (25.2 cm), grains/ear head (2006.0), test weight (8.57 gm), higher grain yield (40.95 q/ha) and higher stover yield (40.95 q/ha) were significantly influenced with the application of sulphur 40 kg/ha + zinc 15 kg/ha. Higher gross returns (INR 92145.00/ha), higher net returns (INR 62365.00/ha) and a higher B: C ratio (2.09) were also recorded in treatment-9 (sulphur 40 kg/ha+zinc 15 kg/ha).
Impact of Fertigation Regimes on Quality of Ginger (Rio-de-Janeiro and Himachal)
Authors: Manjunatha S. N. , Kandpal Kavitha , Vidya A. , Ramachandra C. T. , Prasad B. N. Maruthi , Vendan K. Tamil
Published: May 2023

Ginger is used as one of the important ingredients in traditional as well as modern medicine besides as a spice. It boosts immunity and is a rich source of many biologically active substances and minerals. Although it is a medicinally important crop, its productivity is, however, affected due to poor nutrient management and therefore it requires an adequate supply of nutrients in the form of inorganic fertilizers or organic manuring, or a mixture of both. In this context, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of fertigation regimes on quality of ginger (Rio-De-Jenereo and Himachal) at vegetable division in department of Horticulture, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. The experiment comprised of eleven treatments, Sources of nutrients used were FYM (Farm Yard Manure), Azotobacter, PSB (Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria), AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi), KMB (Potassium Mobilizing Bio fertilizer), Inorganic sources (Urea, DAP, MOP, SSP, Ginger special, Neem cake). The results showed that the application of 200 % RDF (200:100:100 N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) fertigation + FYM 30 t/ha, Neem cake 2 t/ha] was found effective for increment in essential oil (%), oleoresin content (%), gingerol (%) and crude fibre (%) in both varieties of ginger among the all treatments evaluated in this zone (Bangalore).
Aeroponics: A Polytropic Research Tool in the New Era of Agriculture
Authors: Chittibomma Karthik , Yadav Nand Kishor , Reddy Merugu Ganesh
Published: May 2023

Aeroponics is a technique of cultivating or culturing plants in the absence of soil or a consolidated medium. It is that the plant is just grown in the moist air or mist medium to transmit the nutrients required by plants. To be honest I call is as a tool for research and commercial production activities because when we talk about practical application there will be many aspects for consideration such as orientation, site selection, skilled technicians, economic costs weather, and climate mainly the traditional farmers. All these operations cannot be handled by a small and simple farmer with ease, this is the reason for the current trend of aeroponics which is new to people and being practically utilized only for research, aesthetics, and for commercial purposes. Aeroponics need special structures which can maintain a controlled environment for the fulfillment of all the basic and required conditions by the plants being studied or grown inside. It requires proper equipment like aeroponic growth chambers, phytosanitary conditions, cooling mechanization, etc. aeroponics has many uses as they can be grown in less space, are useful for seed production, and used in parks and restaurants for ambiance, can grow crops extraterrestrial, pollution free but can’t be termed as organic as it is grown without the soil but yes, we can say it organically as there is no use of chemical fertilizer or pesticide n herbicides. There is a big debate going on this outside but this is just what my perspective is. Further development should come up for the sustainability of aeroponics as a medium for agricultural practice.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides against Shoot and Fruit Borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius.) on Okra
Authors: Sowjanya Mangali , Kumar Ashwani
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Central Research Farm (CRF), SHUATS, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the Kharif season (autumn reap) for a total of three months, from mid-July to mid-October, 2022. The seven treatments—Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (T1), Deltamethrin 2.8% EC (T2), Karanjin oil (T3), Metarhizium anisopliae 1*108 CFU (T4), Neem oil 5% (T5), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (T6), Spinosad 45% SC (T7), and control plot (T8)—were each replicated thrice in the experiment. Data regarding Earias vittella infection percentage of the first and second sprays showed that all treatments were much better than the control. The lowest percent infestation of Earias vittella was recorded by Deltamethrin 2.8% EC (17.745% & 13.608%), which was followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (18.837% & 15.777%), Spinosad 45% SC (19.610% & 16.565%), Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (20.092% & 18.147%), Neem oil 5% (20.602% & 18.900%), Karanjin oil 5% (22.080% & 21.639%), Metarhizium anisopliae 1*108 CFU (22.710% & 21.837%). Deltamethrin 2.8% EC produced the largest output, 129 q/ha, as well as the highest B:C ratio (1:5.45). It was followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (1:5.31), Spinosad 45% SC (1:5.19), Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (1:4.93), Neem oil 5% (1:4.76), Karanjin oil 5% (1:4.64), and Metarhizium anisopliae 1*108CFU (1:4.58) when compared to control plot (1:3.01) whose B:C ratio is very low.
Influence of Phosphorus and Gibberelic Acid on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Zote Deborah Lalbiakhlui , Dawson Joy
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2022 on Cowpea crop at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) to study the “Influence of Phosphorus and Gibberelic acid on growth and yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”. The treatments consisted of three levels soil application of Phosphorus (20, 40, 60) kg/ha and foliar application of Gibberelic acid (50, 100, 150) ppm along with control.  The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. Application of Phosphorus 60 kg/ha and Gibberelic acid 150 ppm (treatment 9) in cowpea recorded significantly highest plant height (82.77 cm), more number of nodules/plant (5.57 g), higher plant dry weight (24.90 g), maximum number of pods/plant (15.74), seeds/pod (13.98), highest test weight (20.93 g), higher seed yield (2.37 t/ha), higher stover yield (2.78 t/ha), higher harvest index (30.39%), maximum gross return (INR 63,000.00/ha), net return (INR 40,133.00/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.76) was obtained in the same treatment 9.
Effect of Different Levels of Carbon Dioxide Concentrations on Qualitative Traits of Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa) during Storage var. Winter Dawn
Authors: Sangma Cheame M. , Topno Samir Ebson , Joseph Annjoe V.
Published: May 2023

The present investigation the effect of different levels of carbon dioxide concentration on qualitative traits of strawberry during storage was studied. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) were stored at ambient temperature for 5 days and controlled temperature at 5oC for 14 days in eight different atmospheres: air, 5% CO2, 10% CO2, 15% CO2, 20% CO2, 25% CO2, 30% CO2, 35% CO2. Changes in several parameters were evaluated. Atmosphere with high carbon dioxide were the most effective in preventing the fungal growth and enhancing strawberry firmness. However, other quality parameters such as color, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid, TSS, pH, aroma were only mildly affected by superatmospheric CO2 levels. The result showed that atmosphere with treatment 35% CO2 proved as the most effective one to control the weight loss, firmness, and to minimized the fruit decay. In conclusion, strawberries stored under superatmospheric carbon dioxide conditions maintained the fungal growth, firmness, weight loss and increase the shelf life as compared to air stored. In future, these experimental results may prove very useful for increasing the shelf life of strawberry fruits for certain period in better quality.
Watering Rates and Its Response to Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Genotypes Growth Development
Authors: Abanum Nduka Beatrice , Sobowale Ibrahim Olalekan , Aremu-Dele Olufemi
Published: May 2023

Cocoa genotypes exhibiting different responses to water and watering rates to growth parameters necessitate this study. Seedlings were raised from cocoa hybrids genotypes (CRIN Tc1 – 8) and F3 Amazon. The seeds after 4 days of sowing were subjected to 3 watering rates of 50 ml, 100 ml and 150 ml applied once every two days and arranged in a CRD design between December 2020 - May 2021 at Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) Ibadan Nursery. Data collected include the percentage of germination at 2-4 weeks after sowing (WAS), growth parameter (plant height, girth, leaf area, number of leaves), and destructive sampling (fresh and dry weight of shoot weight, root weight and Taproot length) which were statistically analyzed with SAS tools. The watering rates had no significant effect on cocoa seedling emergence date. Least plant heights were observed when 50ml watering rate was applied on CRINTc-1 (25.00cm), CRINTc-2 (26.53cm), CRINTc-4 (24.10 cm), CRINTc-6 (27.52cm) and CRINTc-8 (28.75cm) at 20WAS. Stem girth, number of leaves and fresh root weight were not significantly enhanced by the watering levels on the cocoa genotypes. The result also reveals that the dry shoot weight was greater than the dry root weight of their corresponding treatments. The 3 watering levels had no considerable effect on the emergence of the cocoa genotypes but influenced the morphological traits, fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root parameters of the cocoa genotypes. 100 ml watering rate applied on the cocoa genotypes performed more appreciably followed by 150 ml.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): A Tertiary Centre Retrospective Study in Nigeria
Authors: Lovelyn Obi-Nwosu Amaka , Florence Ubajaka Chika , Chima Madu Melford , Obi Nwosu Betrand , Isioma Ezemenahi Silvia , Chinedu Azudialu Bede , Maryann Ulochukwu Chinyere , Skye Nwosu Chinekwu , Ifeoma Ofiaeli Chika , Callistus Izuchukwu Emeka
Published: May 2023

Background: Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited condition. Due to recent advances in medical care for patients with sickle cell anaemia, more women with SCD are able to survive up to the reproductive age group. This has given rise to a higher number of pregnant women with SCD. It results in increased fetal and maternal risks due to the metabolic demands, hypercoagulable state and vascular stasis often associated with pregnancy. It has therefore become imperative to explore what progress has been made over the last decade as well as what can be done to achieve the best outcome in these women.  

Methods: This was a retrospective study of women with SCD who accessed antenatal care (ANC) at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi over a ten year period. Folder numbers were obtained from the obstetrics clinic and thereafter the folders were assessed and data retrieved using a checklist. Data analysis was done using SPSS 24.

Results: The prevalence of sickle cell disease among pregnant women in this centre was 0.03%. All the women had the HbSS variants. The mean age of the subjects was 28.3 ± 5.6years. Majority of the women were gainfully employed. The mean gestational age at booking was 26 9.5 weeks. Half of the neonates had fetal distress at birth. Commonest maternal complication was anemia (100%) followed by vaso-occlusive crisis (89%). Eighty nine percent of the women were delivered by emergency caesarean section prior to 37 weeks gestational age. Preterm birth and fetal distress were the commonest neonatal complications.

Conclusion: The study revealed that pregnancy associated with sickle cell disease still carries high maternal and fetal morbidity in this environment. Majority of the women with SCD in pregnancy did not receive preconception care and also did not commence their ANC early enough. There is need to educate women with SCD on the need for preconception care to ensure optimization of health prior to conception. They should also book early enough to facilitate close fetal monitoring throughout pregnancy.
Assessment of Some Brain Antioxidants Profile in Plasmodium berghei berghei Infected Mice Treated with Ethanol Leaf Extract of Musa paradisiaca
Authors: Adegoke Adebayo Olugbenga , Odeghe Ben Sandy , George-Opuda Ibitoroko Maureen , Awopeju Abimbola Temitayo , Elechi-Amadi Kemzi Nosike , Chidiebere-Onwukwe Emmanuella
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim: This study evaluated brain antioxidants of locally formulated herbal antimalarial therapy, dry plantain leaf extract (Musa paradisiaca) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.
Experimental Procedure: Five groups of ten mice each namely control, P. berghei, artesunate, P. berghei infected mice using curative, suppressive and prophylactic models were orally administered with 250 and 1000mg/kg leaf extract of Musa paradisiaca. On the 10th day, the mice were sacrificed and blood samples collected for Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Glutathione (Glut) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) estimation by standard method. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results and Conclusion: Catalase (µ/L) was 18.44±1.31, 9.65±0.16, 11.64±1.68, 12.83±0.43, 12.39±0.67, 12.80± 2.20, 9.90± 0.30, 11.54± 0.30, 15.59±0.86, 12.91± 0.33 and 12.0± 0.30, GPX(µ/L) was 63.58±0.62, 19.13±2.4, 42.24±7.15, 17.62±12.70, 55.27±0.50, 42.24±7.15, 17.62±12.70, 55.27±0.50, 37.8±5.20, 39.40± 0.30 and 34.50± 0.50, Glut(µ/m) was 1.05±0.35, 0.61±0.59, 0.67±0.53, 0.74±0.46, 0.94±0.18, 0.67±0.53, 0.74±0.46, 0.94±0.18, 0.74± 0.18, 0.68± 0.40 and 0.81± 0.30 while MDA(µ/m) was 47.9±0.45, 11.2±0.8, 6.4±0.2, 6.0±0.10, 8.30±0.40, 6.4±0.2, 6.0±0.10, 8.3±0.4, 6.10± 0.50, 6.00±0.10 and 5.90± 0.00 in control, P bergei, Artesunate, 250mg, 1000mg, Artesunate, 250mg, 1000mg, Artesunate, 250 mg and 1000 mg curative, Suppressive and prophylactic doses  respectively. Results showed Musa paradisiaca leaf extract protects brain of Plasmodium berghei infected mice from free radicals.
A Literature Study of Big Data Analytics in Marketing
Authors: Wong Anthony Tik-Tsuen
Published: May 2023

Marketing competition is fierce in today’s business environment. In order for a company to succeed in the market, it is necessary to find valuable information in the market and make a correct business decision. On the other hand, business decisions are usually carried out by management after research, but this step requires accurate data information as a support, and the decision-making plan will be more effective only with the support of effective information. However,  big data can be used to conduct scientific analysis of the market data, as well as a comprehensive analysis of the enterprise. So big data analytics is the most critical part of marketing nowadays. This study aims to review the significant and recent research about the applications of big data analytics in marketing and to provide insights to practitioners the necessary analytics in marketing.
Traffic Performance Measures on Two-Way Two-Lane Rural Highways
Authors: Abdulmawjoud Ayman A.
Published: May 2023

The most appropriate service measure for a two-lane highway is the combination of average travel speed (ATS) and percent time spent following (PTSF). The local driver behavior and traffic operation characteristics in different countries affect the operational analysis results. The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the HCM procedures on two-lane highways in Iraq. Ten highway segments in northern Iraq were selected, and more than 28,000 vehicles were observed to record traffic characteristics.

The results show that for low flow rates, the HCM-2000 procedures tend to overestimate the ATS with an amount of 0.0085VP, while for moderate-to-high flow rates, the HCM procedures tend to underestimate the ATS with an amount of 0.0025VP for the highways considered.  Moreover, the HCM procedures tend to overestimate PTSF; as well, ATS decreases as PTSF, density, and follower density increase for the highways under study. Equations are developed for the evaluation of traffic performance on two-lane highways in Iraq.
Knowledge Attitudes Practice and Barriers toward Conducting Research in Emergency Residents
Authors: Alotaibi Majed Alawe , Alanazi Mazi Mohammed , Almuhaymidi Abdullah , Almarshud Fai Mohammed , Aldakhil Lina Othman
Published: May 2023

Background: In medical institutes, research is a significant part of postgraduate education. Only a small number of emergency residents were able to publish their study, though. According to reports, some of the barriers to conducting research include a lack of cash and time, inadequate infrastructure, inadequate research expertise and technique, and poor research beliefs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical residents' knowledge, attitudes, practices, and impediments to conducting research.

Methods: The study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and involved the King Saud Medical City (KSMC), King Salman Hospital, Aliman General Hospital, and Imam Abdulrahman Alfaisal Hospital. The research was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data about residents was acquired between February 2023 and April 2023. In comparison to other hospitals, KSMC is a notable university hospital in Saudi Arabia with more years of postgraduate training experience. Only ambulatory emergency residents were recruited for this investigation. Data was gathered using a structured questionnaire that had been evaluated beforehand. The survey was modified from a verified survey created by Vodopivec et al. Many developing nations employ the tool for comparable surveys.

Results: 124 residents participated in the study. The participant's background characteristics are displayed in Table 1. The participants' average age was 27. Over 30 was the age range for 69.3% of the participants. Men made up 71.7% of the participants. Only 22.1% of postgraduate students reported having such training. Additionally, 28% of them had publications, and 54.4% had some experience in research. Research training received during graduate studies had a greater favorable impact on research practice than research training received during undergraduate schooling (p 0.02).

Conclusion: Although the participants had a favorable attitude toward research, their practice was insufficient due to their lack of understanding of it. The gap between a high level of optimism, limited research understanding, and scant research practice need to be filled. Perhaps by enhancing their expertise while pursuing graduate courses, this can be accomplished. To advance residents' knowledge and research practice, it is advised that they have access to improved financial support and research mentorship.
A Rapid Method to Screen for Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) Trait in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-Acyl Homoserine Lactone (AHL) Screening in CRAB and CSAB Isolates
Authors: Kamaraju Saipriya , Sritharan Venkataraman , Giri Archana
Published: May 2023

Aims: Our proposal aimed to evaluate Acyl Homoserine Lactones (AHL) as a functional marker for Multi drug resistant (MDR) potential in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. We investigated the AHL production potential of clinical isolates using a biosensor assay directly on a commonly used agar media.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarkers, Gleneagles Global Hospitals, Lakdikapul, Hyderabad-500004.

Methodology: Antimicrobial drug sensitivity testing (AST) was performed on 72 clinical isolates of A. baumannii against two front-line antibiotics, Imipenem (10µg) and Meropenem (10µg), by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Production of long chain Acyl Homoserine lactone (AHLs) in the clinical isolates of A. baumannii was tested by cross streaking with the biosensor Chromobacterium violaceum mutant strain CV026 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NTL4pZLR4) by agar plate diffusion assay. Screening and identification of the quorum sensing mediator gene abaI was done by PCR to confirm its presence in all the 72 clinical isolates.

Results: Out of the 72 clinical isolates, 58 were Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and 14 were Carbapenem sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii (CSAB) for AST by agar disc diffusion method. None of our isolates produced short chain AHLs whereas all the isolates could produce varying amounts of long chain AHLs. Genotypic confirmation of AHL gene was obtained by abaI gene PCR.

Conclusion: Carbapenems are the front-line antibiotics used to treat gram negative bacterial infections in emergencies and in the critical care units of hospitals. Clinical isolates A. baumannii has innate resistance to several antibiotics due to various mechanisms, biofilms forming the first line of defense against antibiotics for the bacterium. Our study used AST to carbapenem as the leading marker for MDR, assuming the innate resistance of A. baumannii to other beta lactam antibiotics. Our study brought out certain important observations namely: a) All clinical isolates of A. baumannii produced Quorum Sensing signal molecules, the AHLs b) the clinical isolates of A. baumannii did not produce any short chain AHLs b) All the clinical isolates of A. baumannii produced long chain AHLs c) AHL production is not specific to carbapenem drug resistance because even CSAB isolates produced AHL d) AHL production is inherent to all clinical isolates of A. baumannii and it apparently indicates an underlying biofilm potential and MDR trait in these A. baumannii isolates. e) AHLs could be a universal marker for revealing MDR trait and biofilm potential in clinical microbiology AST profiling protocols.
Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome after Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Meriem Elakhdari , Chaimaa Bardi , Younes Akannour , Louai Serghini , Amina Berraho
Published: May 2023

Urrets-Zavalia syndrome is a dreaded complication of anterior segment surgery and the most common in patients undergoing corneal transplantation. Avoiding the prescription of mydriatic eye drops during the postoperative period is the mainstay of its therapy, which focuses on prevention. One month after having keratoplasty in the left eye, a 42-year-old man presented with Urrets-Zavalia syndrome and ocular hypertonia at 35 mmgh. Medical and surgical management were required in this situation.

The purpose of our presentation is to describe a real-world instance of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.
Student Preference on Choice of Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of Royal University of Bhutan, Bhutan
Authors: Yoezer Karma
Published: May 2023

Making a right choice for tertiary level education is very crucial. This paper aims to uncover the factors that students deem crucial related to their preference of higher education institutions and desired courses. Cross sectional survey design was adopted for this study. A total of 287 data (124male, 163 females; age range 18-38 year) of first year undergraduate students were collected from four government colleges under Royal University of Bhutan. Stratified random sampling technique was used to collect structured questionnaire based on 5-point Likert scale. The study applied simple descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression model to verify the importance given by students to the influencing factors and predict the relationship between the predetermined factors and students’ choice of higher education institutions. Results showed a model fit R value of 0.678 and the Durbin Watson test statistic was 1.723. Factors including student attribute, social influence, financial aid, and higher institute characteristics all were identified to have a positive influence on the students’ preference of higher education institution choice. Strategies like promotion of the higher education institution need to be emphasized through various media channels to strengthen effective recruitment in higher education institution.
Accuracy of artificial intelligence software for CT angiography in stroke
Authors: Mair Grant , White Philip , Bath Philip M. , Muir Keith , Martin Chloe , Dye David , Chappell Francesca , von Kummer Rüdiger , Macleod Malcolm , Sprigg Nikola , Wardlaw Joanna M. ,   for the RITeS Collaboration
Published: May 2023

Objective

Software developed using artificial intelligence may automatically identify arterial occlusion and provide collateral vessel scoring on CT angiography (CTA) performed acutely for ischemic stroke. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of e‐CTA by Brainomix™ Ltd by large‐scale independent testing using expert reading as the reference standard.

Methods

We identified a large clinically representative sample of baseline CTA from 6 studies that recruited patients with acute stroke symptoms involving any arterial territory. We compared e‐CTA results with masked expert interpretation of the same scans for the presence and location of laterality‐matched arterial occlusion and/or abnormal collateral score combined into a single measure of arterial abnormality. We tested the diagnostic accuracy of e‐CTA for identifying any arterial abnormality (and in a sensitivity analysis compliant with the manufacturer's guidance that software only be used to assess the anterior circulation).

Results

We include CTA from 668 patients (50% female; median: age 71 years, NIHSS 9, 2.3 h from stroke onset). Experts identified arterial occlusion in 365 patients (55%); most (343, 94%) involved the anterior circulation. Software successfully processed 545/668 (82%) CTAs. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of e‐CTA for detecting arterial abnormality were each 72% (95% CI = 66–77%). Diagnostic accuracy was non‐significantly improved in a sensitivity analysis excluding occlusions from outside the anterior circulation (76%, 95% CI = 72–80%).

Interpretation

Compared to experts, the diagnostic accuracy of e‐CTA for identifying acute arterial abnormality was 72–76%. Users of e‐CTA should be competent in CTA interpretation to ensure all potential thrombectomy candidates are identified.
Brain volumes and white matter diffusion across the adult lifespan in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Yasuda Clarissa Lin , Pimentel‐Silva Luciana Ramalho , Beltramini Guilherme Coco , Liu Min , Machado de Campos Brunno , Coan Ana Carolina , Beaulieu Christian , Cendes Fernando , Gross Donald William
Published: May 2023

Objective

Typical aging is associated with gradual cognitive decline and changes in brain structure. The observation that cognitive performance in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients diverges from controls early in life with subsequent decline running in parallel would suggest an initial insult but does not support accelerated decline secondary to seizures. Whether TLE patients demonstrate similar trajectories of age‐related gray (GM) and white matter (WM) changes as compared to healthy controls remains uncertain.

Methods

3D T1‐weighted and diffusion tensor images were acquired at a single site in 170 TLE patients (aged 23–74 years) with MRI signs of unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS, 77 right) and 111 healthy controls (aged 26–80 years). Global brain (GM, WM, total brain, and cerebrospinal fluid) and regional volumes (ipsi‐ and contralateral hippocampi), and fractional anisotropy (FA) of 10 tracts (three portions of corpus callosum, inferior longitudinal, inferior fronto‐occipital and uncinate fasciculi, body of fornix, dorsal and parahippocampal‐cingulum, and corticospinal tract) were compared between groups as a function of age.

Results

There were significant reductions of global brain and hippocampi volumes (greatest ipsilateral to HS), and FA of all 10 tracts in TLE versus controls. For TLE patients, regression lines run in parallel to those from controls for brain volumes and FA (for all tracts except the parahippocampal‐cingulum and corticospinal tract) versus age across the adult lifespan.

Interpretation

These results imply a developmental hindrance occurring earlier in life (likely in childhood/neurodevelopmental stages) rather than accelerated atrophy/degeneration of most brain structures herein analyzed in patients with TLE.
Solid‐State Electrolytes for Sodium Metal Batteries: Recent Status and Future Opportunities
Authors: Dong Yanfeng , Wen Pengchao , Shi Haodong , Yu Yan , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: May 2023

Solid‐state sodium metal batteries (SSMBs) possess superior safety and high energy density over liquid counterparts, and therefore hold great promise for large‐scale energy storage application. In this review, the recent development of the advanced sodium‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) for high‐performance SSMBs is systematically summarized. First, the fundamental mechanisms and key parameters of SSEs, including ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability and Na+ transference number, are introduced in details, and then various inorganic (Na‐β‐alumina, Na superionic conductors, and sulfides), polymer SSEs (solid polymer SSEs and gel polymer SSEs), and inorganic‐polymer hybrid SSEs are elaborately discussed, emphasizing the unique roles of structure optimization and interface engineering of SSEs for boosting electrochemical performance in SSMBs. Finally, the key challenges and promising prospects of advanced SSEs in terms of interface optimization of inorganic SSEs, molecular design and screening of polymer SSEs, objective evaluation, and multiscale characterizations of SSEs are briefly proposed.
Breaking the Responsivity‐Bandwidth Trade‐Off Limit in GaN Photoelectrodes for High‐Response and Fast‐Speed Optical Communication Application
Authors: Fang Shi , Li Liuan , Wang Danhao , Chen Wei , Kang Yang , Wang Weiyi , Liu Xin , Luo Yuanmin , Yu Huabin , Zhang Haochen , Memon Muhammad Hunain , Hu Wei , He Jr‐Hau , Gong Chen , Zuo Chengjie , Liu Sheng , Sun Haiding
Published: May 2023

Underwater optical communication (UOC) has attracted considerable interest in the continuous expansion of human activities in marine/ocean environments. The water‐durable and self‐powered photoelectrodes that act as a battery‐free light receiver in UOC are particularly crucial, as they may directly face complex underwater conditions. Emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type photodetectors are appealing owing to their intrinsic aqueous operation characteristics with versatile tunability of photoresponses. Herein, a self‐powered PEC photodetector employing n‐type gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires as a photoelectrode, which is decorated with an iridium oxide (IrOx) layer to optimize charge transfer dynamics at the GaN/electrolyte interface, is reported. Strikingly, the constructed n‐GaN/IrOx photoelectrode breaks the responsivity‐bandwidth trade‐off limit by simultaneously improving the response speed and responsivity, delivering an ultrafast response speed with response/recovery times of only 2 µs/4 µs while achieving a high responsivity of 110.1 mA W−1. Importantly, the device exhibits a large bandwidth with 3 dB cutoff frequency exceeding 100 kHz in UOC tests, which is one of the highest values among self‐powered photodetectors employed in optical communication system.
Photoswitchable Liquid‐to‐Solid Transition of Azobenzene‐Decorated Polysiloxanes
Authors: van der Tol Joost J. B. , Engels Tom A. P. , Cardinaels Ruth , Vantomme Ghislaine , Meijer E. W. , Eisenreich Fabian
Published: May 2023

Having external control over fundamental properties of polymers, such as their physical state, is a crucial yet challenging design criterion for smart materials. Liquifying polymers through photochemical events has significantly advanced various research lines. However, the opposite process of solidifying a polymer that is intrinsically in a liquid state reversibly with light is unattained. Herein, the light‐controlled liquid‐to‐solid transition of polysiloxanes is reported, which are decorated with a small number of azobenzene‐functionalized ureidopyrimidinone (Azo‐UPy) pendants. The UPy moieties toggle between intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding via trans→cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene. This transformation on the molecular level leads to the formation of strong supramolecular cross‐links, which, in turn, results in the macroscopic solidification of the material. The photoswitching event enables the post‐synthetic tailoring of the polymers’ mechanical properties, thus providing an alternative to the addition of plasticizers or hardeners. Moreover, the adhesion strength of the photochromic material increases by a factor of 6 upon exposure to UV light. In situ illumination during rheological measurements reveals the delicate interplay between wavelength dependent penetration depth and photoswitching efficiency. This conceptually new (de)bonding on demand strategy paves the way for creating light‐responsive materials with exciting applications in temporal adhesion, recycling, lithography, and material processing.
Impact of Minor Alloy Components on the Electrocapillarity and Electrochemistry of Liquid Metal Fractals
Authors: Yu Ruohan , Han Jialuo , Chi Yuan , Zheng Jiewei , Fuchs Richard , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Rahim Md. Arifur , Tang Shi‐Yang , Mao Guangzhao , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Tang Jianbo
Published: May 2023

Exploring and controlling surface tension‐driven phenomena in liquid metals may lead to unprecedented possibilities for next‐generation microfluidics, electronics, catalysis, and materials synthesis. In pursuit of these goals, the impact of minor constituents within liquid alloys is largely overlooked. Herein, it is showed that the presence of a fraction of solute metals such as tin, bismuth, and zinc in liquid gallium can significantly influence their electrocapillarity and electrochemistry. The instability‐driven fractal formation of liquid alloy droplets is investigated with different solutes and reveals the formation of distinctive non‐branched droplets, unstable fractals, and stable fractal modes under controlled voltage and alkaline solution conditions. In their individually unique fractal morphology diagrams, different liquid alloys demonstrate significantly shifted voltage thresholds in transition between the three fractal modes, depending on the choice of the solute metal. Surface tension measurements, cycle voltammetry and surface compositional characterizations provide strong evidence that the minor alloy components drastically alter the surface tension, surface electrochemical oxidation, and oxide dissolution processes that govern the droplet deformation and instability dynamics. The findings that minor components are able to regulate liquid alloys’ surface tensions, surface element distributions and electrochemical activities offer great promises for harnessing the tunability and functionality of liquid metals.
Self‐Driven Narrow‐Band Photodetector based on FAPbBr2.5I0.5 Single Crystal for Yellow Light Intensity Meter Application
Authors: Liang Feng‐Xia , Zhou Liang‐Liang , Hu Yi , Li Shi‐Fu , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Li Jing‐Yue , Fu Can , Wu Chun‐Yan , Wang Li , Huang Jian‐An , Luo Lin‐Bao
Published: May 2023

Accurate and quantifiable detection of the specific wavelength is vital in different application scenarios. Herein, a novel self‐driven narrowband photodetector (NB‐PD) based on CH(NH2)2PbBr2.5I0.5 crystal film is employed for building a yellow light intensity meter. By taking advantage of the carrier collection narrowing mechanism, a sensitive NB‐PD with peak response at 580 nm and the full‐width at half‐maximum of 23 nm are successfully achieved. The asymmetric contact electrodes of Ag/Pt allow the device to work without bias. The optoelectronic analysis demonstrates that the NB‐PD achieves a maximum responsivity of 59.89 mA W−1, a fast response speed of 202/331 µs, and a high on/off ratio of 636 at zero bias. Then, through introducing the back‐end circuit, a yellow light intensity meter is constructed with the NB‐PD. The absolute error and relative error of the light meter are estimated to be lower than 0.08 mW cm−2 and 4.22%, respectively, indicating the good capability for the yellow light monitoring. Given the simple device geometry and good performance, the achieved yellow light intensity meter can also be extended to other narrowband light detection system.
Strategy Toward Semiconducting Ti3C2Tx‐MXene: Phenylsulfonic Acid Groups Modified Ti3C2Tx as Photosensitive Material for Flexible Visual Sensory‐Neuromorphic System
Authors: Hu Chuqiao , Wei Zhongming , Li La , Shen Guozhen
Published: May 2023

The excellent electronic and electrochemical properties make 2D MXenes suitable candidates for sensors, batteries, and supercapacitors. However, the metallic‐like behavior of MXenes hinders their potential for optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors. In this study, the band gap of metalloid Ti3C2Tx MXene is successfully opened to 1.53 eV with phenylsulfonic acid groups and realized a transistor and high‐performance near‐infrared photodetector array for a flexible vision sensory‐neuromorphic system. The phenylsulfonic acid groups modified Ti3C2Tx MXene (S‐Ti3C2Tx)‐based flexible photodetector has a maximum responsivity of 8.50×102 A W−1 and a detectivity of 3.69×1011 Jones under 1064 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, the fabricated flexible vision sensory‐neuromorphic system for image recognition realizes a high recognition rate >0.99, leading to great potential in the field of biological visual simulation and biomimetic eye. Besides conventional devices with Au as the conductive electrodes, all Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based devices are also fabricated with S‐Ti3C2Tx as the photosensitive material and unmodified Ti3C2Tx as the conductive electrodes, exhibiting comparable optoelectronic performances.
All‐Impurities Scavenging, Safe Separators with Functional Metal‐Organic‐Frameworks for High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Ion Battery
Authors: Son Hye Bin , Cho Sujee , Baek Kyungeun , Jung Jaeho , Nam Seoha , Han Dong‐Yeob , Kang Seok Ju , Moon Hoi Ri , Park Soojin
Published: May 2023

Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) have wide applications owing to their high‐energy density and stable cycle characteristics. Nevertheless, with the rapid expansion of electric vehicle market, issues such as explosion of LIBs and the need to secure a longer driving distance have emerged. In this work, functional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are introduced as a separator in LIBs, in which a highly heat‐resistant polymer separator is fabricated through electrospinning. The MOFs can scavenge impurities (including gas, water, and hydrofluoric acid) that positively affect battery performance and safety. The multi‐functional separator suppresses salt decomposition when a nickel‐rich cathode is operated at high voltage and high temperature through it. This delays the deterioration of the cathode interface and results in a superb cycle stability with 75% retention even in the presence of 500 ppm of water in the electrolytes. In addition, the pouch cell is manufactured by enlarging the separator, and the degree of electrode swelling due to gas generation and interface degradation in the pouch state is alleviated to 50% or less. These findings highlight the necessity of scavenging impurities to maintain excellent performance and provides the development direction of functional separators in LIBs.
Over 18.2%‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Exceptional Device Stability Enabled by Bay‐Area Benzamide‐Functionalized Perylene Diimide Interlayer
Authors: Mai Thi Le Huyen , Jeong Seonghun , Kim Seoyoung , Jung Sungwoo , Oh Jiyeon , Sun Zhe , Park Jeewon , Lee Seunglok , Kim Wonjun , Yang Changduk
Published: May 2023

A simultaneous further increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) over the current levels needs to be overcome for their commercial viability. Herein, a bay‐area benzamide‐functionalized perylene diimide‐based electron transport layer, namely H75 is developed, to obtain the aforementioned characteristics. The advantages of H75‐employed OSCs include a notable PCE up to 18.26% and outstanding device stabilities under conditions of varying severity (>95% PCE retention after 1500 h upon long‐term aging and exceptional T80 lifetimes (the time required to reach 80% of initial performance) of over 1000 h in light‐soaking, 500 h in thermal stress at 85 °C, 72 h in 85% high relative humidity, and 100 h in atmospheric‐air conditions without encapsulation in conventional architecture). The excellent performance of H75‐employed OSC can be attributed to its various beneficial features derived from the bay‐area benzamide functionalities (e.g., excellent film‐forming ability, suitable energy level, reduced aggregation, and intrinsic high structural stability). The findings of this work provide further insights into the molecular design of electron transport layers  for realizing more efficient and stable OSCs.
A Novel Hexaazatriphenylene Carboxylate with Compatible Binder as Anode for High‐Performance Organic Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zou Jincheng , Fu Cheng , Zhang Yong , Fan Kun , Chen Yuan , Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Guoqun , Dai Huichao , Cao Yueyue , Ma Jing , Wang Chengliang
Published: May 2023

Organic electrode materials have attracted tremendous attention for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Whereas, high‐performance anodes are scarcely reported. Herein, a novel hexaazatriphenylene potassium carboxylate (HAT‐COOK) is proposed as anode materials for PIBs. The rich CN/CO bonds guarantee the high theoretical capacity. It is also demonstrated HAT‐COOK is more compatible with the water‐soluble binders than the hydrophobic fluoride binders, forming homogenous electrode film, maintaining structural integrity, and achieving stable cycling and excellent rate performance. With the compatible binder, each HAT‐COOK molecule can involve 6‐electron transfer, yielding a high reversible discharge capacity of 288 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, excellent rate performance (105 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1), and good cycling stability (143 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1). These results highlight the importance of the delicate molecular design of organic molecules as well as the optimization of binders to achieve high‐performance PIBs.
Biomimetically Assembled Sponge‐Like Hydrogels for Efficient Solar Water Purification
Authors: Lei Chuxin , Park Jungjoon , Guan Weixin , Zhao Yaxuan , Johnston Keith P. , Yu Guihua
Published: May 2023

Hydrogel‐based evaporators for interfacial solar vapor generation (SVG) have emerged as a promising and sustainable strategy for freshwater production. Nevertheless, developing a green and simple approach in the fabrication of porous hydrogel‐based evaporators with tunable porous structures and superior mechanical properties continues to be a challenge. Herein, cryo‐assembled templating and polymerization (CTP) is proposed as an ecological, simple yet effective approach to synthesizing sponge‐like hydrogels (SPHs) with outstanding mechanical properties. Moreover, inspired by the structural geometry of conifer plants of radially aligned microchannels and vertical vessels granting impressive water transportation abilities, the polyzwitterionic SPH evaporators with biomimetically assembled structure (B‐SPH) raise the water transport rate by up to nearly 2 orders of magnitude compared to bulk hydrogels. The B‐SPH also enables an SVG rate up to ≈ 3.45 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun irradiation and an energy efficiency of ≈ 95%. In addition, the as‐prepared materials feature stable mechanical properties and SVG performance even after being rolled, folded, and twisted over hundred times. It is anticipated that the B‐SPH prepared by CTP method provides insights into scalable hydrogel‐based evaporators with elaborate porous structures and durable mechanical properties in an energy‐efficient manner.
Data‐Driven Approach to Tailoring Mechanical Properties of a Soft Material
Authors: Leem Juyoung , Jiang Yue , Robinson Ashley , Xia Yan , Zheng Xiaolin
Published: May 2023

Data‐driven, machine learning (ML)‐assisted approaches have been used to study structure‐property relationships at the atomic scale, which have greatly accelerated the screening process and new material discovery. However, such approaches are not easily applicable to modulating material properties of a soft material in a laboratory with specific ingredients. Moreover, it is desirable to relate material properties directly to the experimental recipes. Herein, a data‐driven approach to tailoring mechanical properties of a soft material is demonstrated using ML‐assisted predictions of mechanical properties based on experimental synthetic recipes. Polyurethane (PU) elastomer is used as a model soft material to demonstrate the approach and experimentally varied mechanical properties of the PU elastomer by modulating the mixing ratio between components of the elastomer. Twenty‐five experimental conditions are selected based on the design of experiment and use those data points to train a linear regression model. The resulting model takes desired mechanical properties as input and returns synthetic recipes of a soft material, which is subsequently validated by experiments. Lastly, the prediction accuracies of different machine learning algorithms is compared. It is believed that the approach is widely applicable to other material systems to establish experimental conditions and material property relationships for soft materials.
Cholesterol Metabolism Modulation Nanoplatform Improves Photo‐Immunotherapeutic Effect in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Cao Zichen , Song Chuanhui , Wei Zheng , Zhou Meng , Chen Si , Ran Jianchuan , Zhang Hongbo , Zou Huihui , Han Shengwei , Cai Yu , Han Wei
Published: May 2023

Impressive results in cancer treatment have been obtained through immunotherapy. However, abnormally high cholesterol metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) leads to poor immunogenicity or even immunosuppression, which dramatically reduces the clinical response of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to immunotherapy. In this study, a cholesterol‐modulating nanoplatform (PYT NP) is developed to restore the normal immune microenvironment, significantly inhibiting SQLE (an essential gene for cholesterol biosynthesis in tumor cells) by releasing terbinafine, thereby reducing cholesterol in the TME and suppressing tumor cell proliferation. In addition, the nanoplatform is equipped with a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) photosensitizer, Y8, which triggers immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, thereby promoting intra‐tumor infiltration and immune activation via the production of damage‐associated molecular patterns for photoimmunotherapy. PYT NPs show great promise in stimulating strong cholesterol‐modulating anticancer immunity combined with photoimmunotherapy, opening up a new avenue for sensitized OSCC immunotherapy.