bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tree carbon stock and seasonal influence on soil properties in shivpuri-nagarjun national park, nepal
Authors: Dhakal Til Maya , Thapa Lal Bahadur , Yadav Ram Kailash Prasad , Pokhrel Chandra Prasad
Published: September 2024

The carbon stock stored within the biomass of tree species is vital in the forest ecosystem as it contributes significantly to the carbon balance. In addition, the physicochemical properties of soil play a critical role, in influencing overall ecosystem health. This study has analyzed the carbon stock and influence of seasonal change on soil physicochemical properties along soil depths in the Shivpuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP), Nepal. The above-ground biomass carbon stock was found to be 227.09 t/ha and below-ground stock was 45.42 t/ha. Tree species Castanopsis tribuloides exhibited the highest values of above and below-ground tree carbon stock. The soil of the study site was sandy loam and slightly acidic. High temperature and moisture in the monsoon season were followed by an increased bulk density during the pre-monsoon with deeper soil layers. The sand, silt, and clay contents did not differ significantly across the seasons and depths. The key soil nutrients, like carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were high during the monsoon season at the topsoil layer, which gradually declined with increasing depth in all seasons. The study highlights that the total tree carbon stock in the study site is 272.51 t/ha, with significant seasonal and depth-related variations in soil attributes. The monsoon season, characterized by maximum soil moisture and higher concentrations of essential soil components, is crucial in influencing soil physicochemical properties and offers important insights for forest conservation and management.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 567-576, 2024 (September)
People consensus in the use of ethnomedicinal plants for conservation in and around purbachal modern town, dhaka
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Zashim , Haque Tahmina , Juthi Tahmina Sultana , Rahman Fahmida , Shomrat Abulais , Akter Evana , Islam Md Tarikul
Published: September 2024

The present study aims to determine the consensus on the use of ethnomedicinal plants available in and around the Purbachal modern town area for conservation. The data were collected through nine field trips during the year 2023 using a semi-structured questionnaire, followed by interviews showing plants, mentioning checklists, field interviews, a market survey, and participant observations. The study recorded 185 medicinal plant species under 78 families, which have been used through 673 formularies to treat 48 complaints in 13 disease categories. Among the medicinal plants, trees were 49%, herbs 27%, shrubs 16%, and climbers 8%. Leaf (31%) is the major plant part used, followed by fruit (19%), bark (6%), stem (11%), root (6%), seed (9%), whole plant (5%), flower (3%), and others. Cuts and wounds attained the highest FIC value and were treated by 18 medicinal plant species. Among the most cited species are Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and Cissus quadrangularis L.. According to Fl value, Ocimum tenuiflorum L. is a culture-bound species because it has been used for respiratory tract complaints only. The most commonly cited species of medicinal plants are Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Justicia adhatoda L., Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. and Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt. Based on observations and interviews with local people, a good number of threats were detected for medicinal plant species. To conserve medicinal plants in Purbachal modern town, plantations in each sector should have some native medicinal trees including Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Phyllanthus emblica L., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Robinson, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Sterculia villosa Roxb. ex Sm., Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br., Moringa oleifera Lamk., Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don, Bombax ceiba L., Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., Tamarindus indica L., Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC., Toona ciliata M. Roem., Cassia fistula L., Flacourtia jangomus (Lour.) Raeusch., Garcinia cowa Roxb., Baccaurea ramiflora Lour., Ficus racemosa L., Ficus benghalensis L., Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.N. Parker, Milliusa velutina (DC.) Hook.f. & Thomson, Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz, Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Neolamarckia kadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, and Elaeocarpus serratus L., so that town dwellers can find them easily.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 577-588, 2024 (September)
Impact of industrial effluents on buringanga river and its tributaries
Authors: Ahmad Shahrear , Mia Md Eunus , Jihad Md Jannatul Hasan , Afroz Sharmin , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Saha Badhan
Published: September 2024

Many rivers throughout Bangladesh are now under threat due to both human-made and natural causes. In this context, we describe the Buriganga river system, its uses of the river, its level of pollution, and its sources of pollution. The present condition of the Buriganga water and its surrounding areas soils and plants might not be suitable for fisheries and irrigation; it has been observed that sampling points of 9,10,11 were highly polluted, with sampling point 7 with the highest water pH value (7.19), in sampling point 11 EC  value was found (799 μS/cm) with other physicochemical parameters and Fe, Cd, Cr and  Zn content in plant and soil samples were comparatively high at sampling point 9 and 11. In the studied area, the correlation coefficient of heavy metal content among soil and water, the Cr concentration (0.0289mg/l), was highly significant; it has been indicated that heavy metals were uptake by soil.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 589-596, 2024 (September)
Inhibitory effects of aloe vera extracts on anti-tyrosinase, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase potential
Authors: Sacan Ozlem , Akev Nuriye , Yanardag Refiye
Published: September 2024

In the present work, in vitro inhibitory effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. vera leaves on tyrosinase, elastase and collagenase, which are enzymes responsible for the maintenance of skin texture were studied. The leaf gel and skin aqueous and methanolic extracts were individually examined for tyrosinase and collagenase inhibitory activities. While the skin methanolic extract was studied only for its elastase inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity of the extracts increased in a dose–dependent manner. A. vera gel extract showed a promising inhibiton effect for tyrosinase and collagenase activity. The ability of Aloe vera extracts to inhibit tyrosinase, collagenase and elastase suggests their potential use as skin care additived in natural remedies and cosmetics.
Bangladesh j. Bot. 53(3): 597-603, 2024 (September)
Assessent of tree diversity in the vegetation of ramna areas of dhaka city for better management
Authors: Shila Monika Afroz , Shomrat Abulais , Uddin Mohammad Zashim
Published: September 2024

The present article deals with the evaluation of the existing tree species diversity in the Ramna areas of Dhaka city. Both random and stratified random quadrat sampling were used for the data collection from July 2021 to June 2022. The study identified a total of 156 tree species in 46 families. Among the sampling areas, 115 tree species were found in Ramna Park, 61 tree species in Suhrawardy Udyan, and 98 tree species in the Dhaka University area. The sampling areas overlapped significantly with many tree species. Among the species, 33% of the species were of ornamental value, followed by timber (24%), medicinal (21%), fruit (19%), and wildlife-supporting (3%). 51% of the species belonged to exotics and 49% were native. The most abundant species were Swietenia mahagoni in Ramna Park and Dhaka University and Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Suhrawardy Udyan. Based on the important value index, the most dominant species were S mahagoni in Ramna Park and Dhaka University and Ficus elastica in Suhrawardy Udyan. Among the top 15 most abundant and dominant trees, nine belonged to exotics, and the rest were native. The Shannon diversity index value ranged from 3.83 to 4.39. Ramna Park showed the highest index value (4.39), followed by Dhaka University (3.91) and Suhrawardy Udyan (3.83). Stakeholder’s consultations revealed that on average 90% of the support was found for management strategies such as native enrichment, reducing exotic dominance, planting purposeful trees, heritage plantations, and expert consultation during plantation. Identified threats included construction works, exotic presence, lack of native seedlings, and low awareness. Recommendations include promoting the dominance of native species, gradual exotic replacement, enhancing wildlife-supporting species, increasing public awareness, and integrating expert opinions into urban plantation programs.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 605-617, 2024 (September)
Öğretmenlerin Denetime Yönelik Tutumları ile Mesleki Gelişimleri Arasındaki İlişki: Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi
Authors: Ordu Aydan , Altınmakas Nurseli , Erdoğan Mehmet
Published: September 2024

Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin denetime yönelik tutumları ile mesleki gelişimleri arasında ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Eğe Bölgesi’nde ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapmakta olan 289 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Gümüş ve diğerleri (2018) tarafından geliştirilen “Öğretmen Mesleki Öğrenme Ölçeği” ve Uğurlu ve Usta (2016) tarafından geliştirilen “Eğitimde Denetim Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler ve kanonik korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmenlerin denetime yönelik tutumlarının genel (toplamda) olarak ve alt boyutlarda orta düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimlerine yönelik algıları genel olarak (toplamda) yüksek, alt boyutlarda ise işbirliği, yansıtma ve bilgi tabanına ulaşma alt boyutlarında yüksek, uygulama alt boyutunda ise çok yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur. Öğretmenlerin denetime yönelik tutumları ile mesleki gelişim algıları arasında düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki (.22) bulunmuştur. İki veri setinin yaklaşık %5’lik bir varyansı paylaştıkları belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin denetime yönelik tutumları ile mesleki gelişimleri arasındaki ilişkinin düşük çıkmasından hareketle, bu ilişkide başka aracı değişkenlerin rol oynadığı söylenebilir.
Eğitim Örgütlerinde Değişim Yorgunluğuna İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: Çeliker Umut , Levent Ahmet Faruk
Published: September 2024

Bu araştırmada, eğitim örgütlerinde değişim yorgunluğuna ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni ile yürütülen bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu resmi ortaokullarda çalışan öğretmenler oluşturmuştur. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre katılımcı öğretmenler, değişim yorgunluğunu eğitim sisteminde çok fazla değişiklik yapılmasına bağlı bir etki olarak tanımlamıştır. Katılımcılara göre değişim yorgunluğu öğretmenler üzerinde motivasyonda azalmaya, performansta düşmeye ve stres düzeyinde artışa neden olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte katılımcı öğretmenler, değişim yorgunluğunun öğrenciler üzerinde akademik başarının düşmesine, veliler üzerinde uyum sağlamakta güven kaybına ve öğretme-öğrenme sürecinde verimin azalması gibi olumsuz etkilere yol açtığını belirtmiştir. Katılımcılar; değişim yorgunluğu ile başa çıkmada öğretmenlerin geleceğe yönelik iyimser düşünmelerini, okul yöneticilerinin bilgilendirici açıklamalar yaparak öğretmenlere rehberlik etmelerini, politika yapıcıların karar vermeden önce paydaşların fikirlerini almalarını ve değişimi zamana yaymalarını önermiştir.
Matematik Kaygısının ve Matematik Performansının Ardındaki Örtük Nedenler: Cinsiyet Kalıp Yargısının Rolü
Authors: Sarı Mehmet Hayri , Solak Ayşen
Published: September 2024

Matematiğe yönelik olumsuz deneyimlerin arkasında yatan önemli nedenlerden birisi de matematik kaygısıdır. Matematik gibi bilimsel alanlarda kadın ve erkeklerin başarısını etkileyen temel faktörler arasında matematik kaygısı ve performansı önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Yüksek matematik kaygısı ve düşük matematik performansının kökeninde ise toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargılarının önemli bir rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Bu makalede, toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargılarının matematik performansı üzerindeki etkileri, matematik kaygısının cinsiyet farklılıkları ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargılarının gelişmesinde görünür (ebeveyn ve öğretmen davranışları gibi) ve görünür olmayan (medya ve ders kitapları gibi) birçok değişkenin etki yaptığı görülmektedir. Eğitimciler, ebeveynler, medya ve politikacılar, toplumsal kalıp yargı tehditlerine yönelik farkındalığı artırmak ve matematiğe yönelik cinsiyet kalıp yargılarını kırmak için birlikte çalışmalıdır.
”Röökilläkin kaikki ensin itkee ja sit alkaa naurattaa kun kaikki vaan parkuu!”
Authors: Holmberg Liila , Niemi Anna-Maija
Published: October 2024

Suomalaisen vankilainstituution tavoite on ohjata rikoksesta tuomittuja henkilöitä kohti rikoksetonta elämää. Tavoite on erityisen korostunut modernin vankilan yhteisökuntoutusosastolla, jolla vankien päiväohjelma koostuu intensiivisestä itsen työstämisestä yhteisöllisissä toiminnoissa. Tutkimme artikkelissamme, miten itsen työstäminen muotoutuu naisvankilan yhteisökuntoutusosaston affektiivisissa käytännöissä. Etnografisen aineiston analyysin avulla osoitamme, kuinka itsen työstäminen tapahtuu osastolla ensisijaisesti tunteiden jakamisen ja jaetusti tuntemisen käytäntöinä. Nämä affektiiviset käytännöt muovautuvat ja vahvistuvat osaston ohjaajan fasilitoinnin ja yhteisön sosiaalisen säätelyn myötä. Yhteinen tunnetyöskentely nähdään onnistuneen kuntoutumisen edellytyksenä, ja siksi affektiivinen etäisyys muodostaa osaston toimintaan jännitteitä. Osaston affektiivisissa käytännöissä vankien vaikeat tunnekokemukset kääntyvät palvelemaan näiden kuntoutuvaa minuutta, ja parhaimmillaan vangit kokevat tunnetyöskentelyn haastavuudestaan huolimatta palkitsevana.
”Erilaiset kasvatusalan työkokemukset ovat näyttäneet, kuinka monipuolinen kasvatustieteiden kenttä on”
Authors: Korhonen Mari
Published: October 2024

Turun yliopiston väitöskirjatutkija Heini Ahonen, 29, tekee tutkimusta yhteisopettajuudesta 2020-luvun peruskoulussa ja koordinoi marraskuisia Kasvatustieteen päiviä. Aikuiskasvatustiedettä tarvitaan hänen mielestään yhteiskunnassa, sillä se painottaa elinikäistä oppimista ja muuttunutta työelämää.
Ajankohtainen klassikko auttaa käsitteellistämään monimutkaisia ilmiöitä
Authors: Paavola Sami , Kaatrakoski Heli
Published: October 2024

Evald V. Ilyenkovin Abstraktin ja konkreettisen dialektiikka Marxin pääomassa on kulttuuripsykologian menetelmäklassikko. Teoksessa käydään perin pohjin läpi abstraktista konkreettisen kohoamisen menetelmä. Kirja kiinnostanee aikuiskasvatustieteen ja kasvatustieteiden tutkijoita ja opiskelijoita sekä laajemmin käytäntötutkimuksesta ja laadullisen tutkimuksen metodologiasta kiinnostuneita.
Topological Degree Method for a Coupled System of $\psi$-fractional Semilinear Differential Equations with non Local Conditions
Authors: Asmaa Baıhı , Kajounı Ahmed , Hilal Khalid , Hamid Lmou
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the existence of solutions for non-local coupled semi-linear differential equations involving $\psi$-Caputo differential derivatives for an arbitrary $l\in (0,1)$. We use topological degree theory to condense maps and establish the existence of solutions. This theory allows us to relax the criteria of strong compactness, making it applicable to semilinear equations, which is uncommon. Additionally, we provide an example to demonstrate the practical application of our theoretical result.
Особливості експлуатації польового механізованого хлібозаводу та виготовлення хліба на ньому в зонах радіоактивного забруднення місцевості
Authors: Prokopenko Grigirii , Polyashov Sergii , Nagornyuk Volodymyr
Published: September 2024

Мета роботи: Аналіз потенційних ризиків, які можуть призвести до необхідності випікання хліба в умовах радіаційного зараження території, а також розробка алгоритму дій посадових осіб під час випікання хліба на військовому хлібзаводі в умовах радіаційного зараження території.
Метод: компаративний.
Результати дослідження: Радіаційна небезпека, великий обсяг і складність завдань, вимагає від особового складу хлібозаводу в екстремальних умовах прояву високих морально-психологічних і бойових якостей, готовності виконати свій обов'язок і успішно вирішувати поставлені завдання, якими би важкими воно не були. Предметом постійної турботи має бути професійна підготовка особового складу, для чого посадові особи повинні регулярно проводити відповідні заняття та в процесі роботи здійснювати контроль та організаційну допомогу. Чітке, повне і суворе дотримання цих рекомендацій дозволить забезпечити захист особового складу від потрапляння радіоактивних речовин усередину організму з хлібом, що готується на хлібозаводі, і сприятиме збереженню здоров'я військовослужбовцям.
Цінність дослідження: Окреслення алгоритмів роботи військового хлібзаводу в умовах ризику радіаційного зараження в умовах відбиття збройної агресії російської федерації, від моменту проведення рекогносцировки до безпосередньо процесу випікання хліба.
INTANGIBLE ETHNO-CULTURAL HERITAGE IN DIASPORA COMMUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF RUSSIAN KOREANS
Authors: Kamenskikh Mikhail S.
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the perspectives of studying ethno-cultural heritage within the diaspora community using the case of urban communities of Russian Koreans in the Perm region. The study is based on field data collected in 2012–2024 and on recent changes in Russian legislation, regulating the concept of intangible ethno-cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia. It shows that Russian Koreans continue to preserve and reproduce the traditions of their culture in the context of diaspora education. This is most evident in the example of traditional cuisine and life cycle rituals. Rituals that have no equivalent in the local culture are relatively well preserved, such as a ritual called “Toljanchi” (Толь/Тольджанчхи). If the culture of the host community has similar traditions, then the Korean cultural heritage is either completely replaced or modified under the influence of the dominant tradition (such as a wedding, Seollal (Сольлаль) holiday or the 60-th anniversary). Nowadays, Koreans are reviving old traditions and customs with great interest, but this is more about constructing a new identity than preserving a heritage, since the main source of knowledge about the “revived” traditions is published scientific works or the media. Koreans have most completely preserved the traditions of food culture and cooking technology. Recipes are passed down from generation to generation, thus preserving the traditional diet that Koreans brought to Russia back in the 19th century. Moreover, using traditional cooking techniques, Koreans were able to co-opt local foods and create new dishes unknown in modern Korean states (kimchi from white cabbage, carrot-cha salad, soybean paste). The use of new ingredients and cooking methods became part of the Russian Koreans’ own heritage and one of the ethno-building factors in the formation of their own identity.
How the First 1,000 Days of Life Can Shape a Child’s Future Health?
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana de Lima , Arnez Maya Fernanda Manfrin , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia de
Published: October 2024

The first 1,000 days of life are an important period for children’s growth and development. From the moment babies begin growing in their mothers’ wombs until they are 2 years old, children are the most sensitive to interactions with the environment. During this time, babies grow quickly, and their organs and essential body structures are forming. Therefore, this is a very important time for mothers to keep their babies healthy, by taking care of their own health, watching what they eat and making sure they are not exposed to excessive stress or toxic substances. Doing the right things for a baby’s health during this early period can set the child on the path to a healthy life.
Research on the Optimization of the PID Control Method for an EOD Robotic Manipulator Using the PSO Algorithm for BP Neural Networks
Authors: Zhou Yunkang , He Xiaohui , Shao Faming , Zhang Xiangpo
Published: October 2024

Large-scale explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) robotic manipulators can replace manual EOD tasks, offering higher efficiency and better safety. This study focuses on the control strategies and response speeds of EOD robotic manipulators. Using Adams to establish the dynamic model of an EOD robotic manipulator and constructing a hydraulic system model in AMEsim, a co-simulation model is integrated. This study proposes a PID control strategy optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for a backpropagation (BP) neural network and simulates the system’s step response for analysis. To address the vibration issues arising during the manipulator’s motion, B-spline curves are used for trajectory optimization to reduce vibrations. The PSO algorithm optimizes the connection weight matrix of the BP neural network, solving the potential problem of local minima during the training process of the BP neural network, thereby enhancing the global search capability, learning efficiency, and network performance. Simulation results indicate that compared to traditional BP+PID control, genetic algorithm (GA)+PID control, and whale optimization algorithm (WOA)-BP+PID control, the PSO-BP+PID algorithm control rapidly tunes the PID control parameters Kp, Ki, and Kd. Under the same step function conditions, the overshoot is only 1.37%, significantly lower than other methods, and the settling time is only 14 s. After stabilization, there is almost no error, demonstrating faster response speed, higher control accuracy, and stronger robustness. This research has theoretical value and reference significance for the control methods and improvements in EOD robotic manipulators.
Fixed-Time Congestion Control for a Class of Uncertain Multi-Bottleneck TCP/AWM Networks
Authors: Li Yanxin , Chen Jiqing , Liu Shangkun , Zheng Weimin , Guo Runan
Published: October 2024

As network technology continues to advance, network congestion has become an inevitable aspect of network communication. Considering the external interference, unmodeled uncertainty and the interaction between nodes, a multi-bottleneck TCP/AWM network model is established in this paper. A new fixed-time congestion controller was designed by combining a neural network and the backstepping technique. The neural network approximation property is used to eliminate the interference of unmodeled uncertainty and UDP flow in the system. The controller designed in this paper can ensure the stability of the TCP/AWM closed-loop system in a fixed time. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed TCP/AWM controller.
Effects of Tillage Depth and Lime Application on Acidification Reduction and Nutrient Availability in Vertisol Soil
Authors: Shang Yuanyi , Chen Wenju , Li Fang , Li Shiying , Han Yanlai , Li Peipei
Published: October 2024

Cropland acidification seriously restricts sustainable agricultural development. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether deeper tilling could alleviate topsoil acidification to improve the quality of arable land. A soil column incubation experiment simulating tillage depths (10 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm) and lime addition was conducted to determine their effects on soil acidification improvement. The changes in soil pH, exchangeable acidity, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), available phosphorus (AP), and microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were analyzed. Tillage depth, lime application, and their interaction all had significant impacts on soil pH. T50 (simulated tillage depth of 50 cm) and T50+Lime (simulated tillage depth of 50 cm plus lime) treatments significantly increased the topsoil pH from 5.41 to 6.35 and 7.12, respectively. T50 treatment significantly reduced the soil exchangeable acid content compared to the T10 treatment. The nutrient accumulation along soil column indicated that the T50 and T50+Lime treatments significantly increased NO3−-N and AP content in the >30–50 cm soil layer. Compared with T30, NO3−-N accumulation in the >30–50 cm soil layers of T50 and T50+Lime treatments was 6.62 and 7.93 times higher, respectively. The accumulation of AP in the >30–50 cm soil layers of the T50 and T50+Lime treatments was 1.33 and 1.54 times higher than in the T30 treatment, respectively. These findings imply tillage up to 50 cm without exogenous materials could be a potential measure to reduce topsoil acidification and increase nutrition availability of >30–50 cm soil layers. Tillage of up to 30 cm combined with lime application confers greater benefits, which would particularly impact crops with shallow root systems. Subsequent field experiments will be conducted to further investigate the efficacy of these strategies in enhancing crop yield.
Core Technologies of Sugarcane Chopper Harvester Extractor: A Critical Review
Authors: Li Weiqing , Ma Shaochun , Zhou Baocheng , Li Wenzhi , Huo Peng , Qian Jun
Published: October 2024

This review has systematically assessed the critical technologies of impurity removal fans in segmental sugarcane harvesters, highlighting their impact on minimizing harvester impurity rates. The analysis was conducted from three perspectives: Firstly, the physical properties of flexible sheet-like materials were thoroughly examined, including the methodologies for material parameter measurement, the utilization of technical approaches, and the constraints of existing methods. Secondly, the operational mechanisms of impurity removal fans were elucidated, encompassing their working principles, research subjects, and technical methodologies, and compared with the mechanisms of analogous fluid machinery. Lastly, a review of the structural design and parameters of impurity removal fans was undertaken, analyzing the interplay between operational modes, structural optimization designs, and aerodynamic characteristics. The review identified key issues in the design and performance of impurity removal fans and recognized the challenges in technological advancement. Through this triadic analytical framework, the review has identified salient design and performance deficiencies within existing impurity expulsion fan technologies and has underscored the formidable challenges confronting technological evolution in this domain. Synthesizing these insights, the review proffered prospective research vectors and avant-garde technological interventions poised to augment the operational efficacy of impurity expulsion fans, with the overarching goal of enhancing the operational proficiency of sugarcane harvesting machinery.
Winter Wheat Yield Prediction Based on the ASTGNN Model Coupled with Multi-Source Data
Authors: Ye Zhicheng , Zhai Xu , She Tianlong , Liu Xiaoyan , Hong Yuanyuan , Wang Lihui , Zhang Lili , Wang Qiang
Published: October 2024

Timely and accurate prediction of winter wheat yields, which is crucial for optimizing production management, maintaining supply–demand balance, and ensuring food security, depends on interactions among numerous factors, such as climate, surface characteristics, and soil quality. Despite the extensive application of deep learning models in this field, few studies have analyzed the effect of the large-scale geospatial characteristics of neighboring regions on crop yields. Therefore, we present an attention-based spatio-temporal Graph Neural Network (ASTGNN) model coupled with geospatial characteristics and multi-source data for improved accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation. The datasets used in this study included multiple types of remote sensing, meteorological, soil, crop yield, and planting area data for Anhui, China, from 2005 to 2020. The results showed that multi-source data led to higher prediction performance than single-source data, and enabled accurate prediction of winter wheat yields three months prior to harvest. Furthermore, the ASTGNN model provided better prediction performance than two traditional crop yield prediction models (R2 = 0.70, RMSE = 0.21 t/ha, MAE = 0.17 t/ha). Therefore, ASTGNN enhances the accuracy of crop yield prediction by incorporating geospatial characteristics. This research has implications for improving agricultural production management, promoting the development of digital agriculture, and addressing climate change in agriculture.
Eco-Friendly Shield Muck-Incorporated Grouting Materials: Mix Optimization and Property Evaluation for Silty Clay Tunnel Construction
Authors: Yang Jinghui , Li Mingyu , Ma Shuai , Xiao Mingzhe , Jin Junwei
Published: October 2024

As shield tunnels increase, managing shield muck strains construction and the environment. To mitigate this problem, shield muck replaced bentonite in silty clay to improve synchronous grouting slurry. Initially, the physical attributes and microstructural composition of shield muck were obtained, alongside an analysis of the effects of the muck content, particle size, and general influencing factors on the slurry properties through standardized tests and regression models. Subsequently, leveraging three-dimensional response surface methodology, admixture interactions and multiple factor impacts on the slurry were explored. Finally, utilizing the SQP optimization technique, an optimal slurry blend ratio tailored for actual project needs was derived for improved muck slurry. The findings reveal with the decreasing bleeding rates as the muck content rises, the particle size diminishes. An inverse relationship exists between the muck content and slurry fluidity. At soil–binder ratios below 0.6, a decrease in the soil–binder ratio intensifies the influence of the water–binder ratio on the slurry density, bleeding rate, and setting time. The fly flash–cement ratio inversely correlates with the slurry bleeding rate, while the ratio greater than 0.6 is positively correlated. For muck particle sizes under 0.2 mm, the fly flash–cement ratio inversely impacts the density, while over 0.2 mm, it correlates positively. The optimal proportion for silty clay stratum synchronous grouting slurry, substituting muck for bentonite, includes a water–binder ratio of 0.559, binder–sand ratio of 0.684, fly flash–cement ratio of 2.080, soil–binder ratio of 0.253, particle size under 0.075 mm, and water-reducing admixture of 0.06.
Design and Validation of a Long-Range Streak-Tube Imaging Lidar System with High Ranging Accuracy
Authors: Dong Chaowei , Chen Zhaodong , Fan Zhigang , Wang Xing , Cao Lansong , Hao Pengfei , Dong Zhiwei , Fan Rongwei , Chen Deying
Published: October 2024

The Streak-Tube Imaging Lidar (STIL) has been widely used in high-precision measurement systems due to its ability to capture detailed spatial and temporal information. In this paper, we proposed a ranging measurement method that integrates a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) with a streak camera in a remote STIL system. In this method, the TDC accurately measures the trigger pulse time, while the streak camera captures high time-resolution images of the laser echo, thereby enhancing both measurement accuracy and range. A corresponding ranging model is developed for this method. To validate the system’s performance, an outdoor experiment covering a distance of up to 6 km was conducted. The results demonstrate that the system achieved a distance measurement accuracy of 0.1 m, highlighting its effectiveness in long-range applications. The experiment further confirms that the combination of STIL and TDC significantly enhances accuracy and range, making it suitable for various long-range, high-precision measurement tasks.
Topology Optimization of Functionally Graded Structure for Thermal Management of Cooling Plate
Authors: Tong Linjun , Liu Jiawei , Yi Bing , Liu Long
Published: October 2024

The fast charge and discharge of a battery will significantly increase the overall temperature and thermal difference of the battery, which will further affect the working performance and safety of the battery. Therefore, a heat–fluid coupling topology optimization pipeline for developing radiation performance of the cooling plate is presented to ensure the thermal homogeneity of the battery in this paper. First, the Brinkman penalty model is utilized to construct the solid and fluid structures. Then, a local volume constraint is introduced to create the lattice structure to reduce the temperature difference of the cooling plate. Furthermore, a functionally graded lattice structure via a variable influence radius is presented to improve the radiation performance of the cooling plate when the thermal load is uneven. Numerical experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the presented methods on the optimization of the cooling plate, which indicates that the designed cooling plate by the proposed method improves the radiation performance when compared against a traditional straight channel and a SIMP-based optimal design.
Robust Federated Learning for Mitigating Advanced Persistent Threats in Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Hallaji Ehsan , Razavi-Far Roozbeh , Saif Mehrdad
Published: October 2024

Malware triage is essential for the security of cyber-physical systems, particularly against Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). Proper data for this task, however, are hard to come by, as organizations are often reluctant to share their network data due to security concerns. To tackle this issue, this paper presents a secure and distributed framework for the collaborative training of a global model for APT triage without compromising privacy. Using this framework, organizations can share knowledge of APTs without disclosing private data. Moreover, the proposed design employs robust aggregation protocols to safeguard the global model against potential adversaries. The proposed framework is evaluated using real-world data with 15 different APT mechanisms. To make the simulations more challenging, we assume that edge nodes have partial knowledge of APTs. The obtained results demonstrate that participants in the proposed framework can privately share their knowledge, resulting in a robust global model that accurately detects APTs with significant improvement across different model architectures. Under optimal conditions, the designed framework detects almost all APT scenarios with an accuracy of over 90 percent.
CSEM Optimization Using the Correspondence Principle
Authors: Valente Adriany , Nascimento Deivid , Costa Jessé
Published: October 2024

Traditionally, 3D modeling of marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data (in the frequency domain) involves high-memory demand, requiring solving a large linear system for each frequency. To address this problem, we propose to solve Maxwell’s equations in a fictitious dielectric medium with time-domain finite-difference methods, with the support of the correspondence principle. As an advantage of this approach, we highlight the possibility of its implementation for execution with GPU accelerators, in addition to multi-frequency data modeling with a single simulation. Furthermore, we explore using the correspondence principle to the inversion of CSEM data by calculating the gradient of the least-squares objective function employing the adjoint-state method to establish the relationship between adjoint fields in a conductive medium and their counterparts in the fictitious dielectric medium, similar to the approach used in forward modeling. We validate this method through 2D inversions of three synthetic CSEM datasets, computed for a simple model consisting of two resistors in a conductive medium, a model adapted from a CSEM modeling and inversion package, and the last one based on a reference model of turbidite reservoirs on the Brazilian continental margin. We also evaluate the differences between the results of inversions using the steepest descent method and our proposed momentum method, comparing them with the limited-memory BFGS (Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno) algorithm (L-BFGS-B). In all experiments, we use smoothing by model reparameterization as a strategy for regularizing and stabilizing the iterations throughout the inversions. The results indicate that, although it requires more iterations, our modified momentum method produces the best models, which are consistent with results from the L-BFGS-B algorithm and require less storage per iteration.
Second-Order Neutral Differential Equations with a Sublinear Neutral Term: Examining the Oscillatory Behavior
Authors: Alemam Ahmed , Al-Jaser Asma , Moaaz Osama , Masood Fahd , El-Metwally Hamdy
Published: October 2024

This article highlights the oscillatory properties of second-order Emden–Fowler delay differential equations featuring sublinear neutral terms and multiple delays, encompassing both canonical and noncanonical cases. Through the proofs of several theorems, we investigate criteria for the oscillation of all solutions to the equations under study. By employing the Riccati technique in various ways, we derive results that expand the scope of previous research and enhance the cognitive understanding of this mathematical domain. Additionally, we provide three illustrative examples to demonstrate the validity and applicability of our findings.
A Moderate Water Deficit Induces Profound Changes in the Proteome of Developing Maize Ovaries
Authors: Balliau Thierry , Ashenafi Mariamawit , Blein-Nicolas Mélisande , Turc Olivier , Zivy Michel , Marchadier Elodie
Published: October 2024

Water deficit is a major cause of yield loss for maize (Zea mays), leading to ovary abortion when applied at flowering time. To help understand the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, the proteome response to water deficit has been analysed in developing ovaries at the silk emergence stage and five days later. Differential analysis, abundance pattern clustering and co-expression networks were performed in order to draw a general picture of the proteome changes all along ovary development and under the effect of water deficit. The results show that even mild water deficit has a major impact on ovary proteome, but this impact is very different from a response to stress. A part of the changes can be related to a slowdown of ovary development, while another part cannot. In particular, ovaries submitted to water deficit show an increase in proteins involved in protein biosynthesis and in vesicle transport together with a decrease in proteins involved in amino acid metabolism and proteolysis. According to the functions of increased proteins, the changes may be linked to auxin, brassinosteroids and jasmonate signalling but not abscisic acid.
Myoblast-Derived Galectin 3 Impairs the Early Phases of Osteogenesis Affecting Notch and Akt Activity
Authors: Amore Emanuela , Cenni Vittoria , Piazzi Manuela , Signore Michele , Orlandi Giulia , Neri Simona , Biressi Stefano , Barone Rosario , Di Felice Valentina , Follo Matilde Y. , Bertacchini Jessika , Palumbo Carla
Published: October 2024

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a pleiotropic lectin produced by most cell types, which regulates multiple cellular processes in various tissues. In bone, depending on its cellular localization, Gal-3 has a dual and opposite role. If, on the one hand, intracellular Gal-3 promotes bone formation, on the other, its circulating form affects bone remodeling, antagonizing osteoblast differentiation and increasing osteoclast activity. From an analysis of the secretome of cultured differentiating myoblasts, we interestingly found the presence of Gal-3. After that, we confirmed that Gal-3 was expressed and released in the extracellular environment from myoblast cells during their differentiation into myotubes, as well as after mechanical strain. An in vivo analysis revealed that Gal-3 was triggered by trained exercise and was specifically produced by fast muscle fibers. Speculating a role for this peptide in the muscle-to-bone cross talk, a direct co-culture in vitro system, simultaneously combining media that were obtained from differentiated myoblasts and osteoblast cells, confirmed that Gal-3 is a mediator of osteoblast differentiation. Molecular and proteomic analyses revealed that the secreted Gal-3 modulated the biochemical processes occurring in the early phases of bone formation, in particular impairing the activity of the STAT3 and PDK1/Akt signaling pathways and, at the same time, triggering that one of Notch. Circulating Gal-3 also affected the expression of the most common factors involved in osteogenetic processes, including BMP-2, -6, and -7. Intriguingly, Gal-3 was able to interfere with the ability of differentiating osteoblasts to interact with the components of the extracellular bone matrix, a crucial condition required for a proper osteoblast differentiation. All in all, our evidence lays the foundation for further studies to present this lectin as a novel myokine involved in muscle-to-bone crosstalk.
Investigating the Suitability of Mare’s Milk-Derived Exosomes as Potential Drug Carriers
Authors: Sergazy Shynggys , Zhetkenev Sanzhar , Shulgau Zarina , Chulenbayeva Laura , Kamyshanskiy Yevgeniy , Nurgaziyev Madiyar , Nurgozhina Ayaulym , Mukhanbetzhanova Zhanel , Berikkhanova Kulzhan , Gulyayev Alexander , Aljofan Mohamad
Published: October 2024

Exosomes are cell-derived, membrane-surrounded particles that deliver bioactive molecules to various cells. Due to their small size, low immunogenicity, extended blood circulation, and involvement in cellular communication, they hold potential as effective drug carriers. Exosomes are present in various biological fluids, including mare’s milk, a traditional drink in Central Asia. This study aims to compare exosome isolation methodologies and determine the stability of mare’s milk-derived exosomes as potential therapeutic carriers. Three extraction methods—immunoprecipitation, size exclusion chromatography, and total exosome isolation—were compared in terms of exosome characteristics, purity, and content. The isolated exosomes were then loaded with quercetin, and their ability to increase its bioavailability was tested in vitro and in vivo. Total exosome isolation was identified as the most efficient method for producing high-quality exosomes. These exosomes were loaded with quercetin and compared to free quercetin and exosomes alone. Exosomes loaded with 80 µM quercetin significantly restored β-galactosidase activity and cellular viability in doxorubicin-treated cells, exhibiting similar potency to 160 µM free quercetin. In aged model animals, treatment with quercetin-loaded exosomes resulted in significantly less acute and subacute damage to the myocardium, kidneys, and liver compared to untreated control animals. This study provides a proof-of-concept that mare’s milk-derived exosomes can be effectively absorbed by cells and animal tissues, supporting their potential use as drug carriers.
Verification and Validation of Modeling of Fluid–Solid Interaction in Explosion-Resistant Designs Using Material Point Method
Authors: Saffarini Mohammed H. , Chen Zhen , Elbelbisi Ahmed , Salim Hani , Perry Kyle , Bowman Andrew L. , Robert Stephen D.
Published: October 2024

Verifying and validating explosion-resistant design models are challenging tasks due to the difficulties in accurately capturing the failure evolution within a setup influenced by the combined effects of fluid–solid interactions (FSI), blast waves, fragmentation, and impact. Curtain wall system, as a key structural component, is widely used in various types of buildings for its aesthetic appeal and weather protection. Hence, optimizing the explosion-resistance of such systems is necessary to improve building safety. In this work, we develop computational procedures that can be used to enhance the design of blast-resistant structures. This paper focuses on studying a representative component (e.g., window panels) from a typical curtain wall system, as well as a small-scale modeling of shock tube testing. For that, the material point method (MPM) simulations are verified against the finite element method (FEM) simulations, and the computational results are validated against shock tube testing. The work objective is to evaluate the simulation fidelity of explosion responses in several case studies. The first case study demonstrates how the MPM captures damage and fragmentation in a typical confined explosion event involving FSI, thus, providing an improved physical description compared to the FEM. The second case study qualitatively compares the MPM’s ability to simulate the shock tube response with experimental observations. Since the second study validates that the MPM solution is qualitatively consistent with the experimental data, the MPM model is then used in the third case study to establish an FEM model that could capture the same physics. This FEM model can be scaled up to model field experiments. The fourth case study involves the development of an FEM model for a representative curtain wall system component, which is validated against experimental results and then scaled down and employed to validate a corresponding MPM model. The proposed procedure provides a feasible approach to verifying and validating explosion-resistant designs for more general cases.
Interstitial N-Doped TiO2 for Photocatalytic Methylene Blue Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Li Dezheng , Calebe Vilanculo Clesio , Li Yuqiao , Liu Huimin , Lei Yiming
Published: October 2024

Photocatalysis is a promising method for methylene blue (MB) degradation due to its effectiveness and environmental compatibility. Among the photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used for MB degradation due to its exceptional photocatalytic activity. However, the wide bandgap limits the degradation efficiency of TiO2 under visible light. Here, an interstitial nitrogen-doped TiO2 (5%NT/TiO2) used thiourea as the N source was fabricated for visible light-derived MB degradation. The 5%NT/TiO2 exhibited an extended absorption range of visible light. Moreover, photoelectrochemical measurements showed an improvement in the photocurrent response and charge transfer behavior on N/TiO2. Thus, 5%NT/TiO2 had enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with pristine TiO2 and substitutive N-doped TiO2 (5%NAB/TiO2). The accelerated photocatalytic MB degradation process on N/TiO2 could be mainly attributed to the interstitial N doping, which caused the appearance of new energy states and extended optical properties. Through comparing the impact of interstitial and substitutive in TiO2 activity, our work proposes a suitable form of element doping to enhance the optical properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and even other semiconductors, providing guidance for future work.