bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with the detection of pulmonary emphysema in older asymptomatic respiratory subjects
Authors: Buendia-Roldan Ivette , Palma-Lopez Alexia , Chan-Padilla Danaireth , Herrera Iliana , Maldonado Mariel , Fernandez-Plata Rosario , Martinez-Briseño David , Mejia Mayra , Selman Moises
Published: March 2020

Background: Several lung structural and functional abnormalities may occur associated withaging, including emphysema. In this study, we evaluated the frequency and risk factors associated with emphysema in respiratory asymptomatic individuals enrolled in our Lung Aging Program. From a cohort of 687 subjects, we found by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) 29 individuals (4%) withemphysematous changes that were compared with 87 controls (3:1) randomly selected from the same cohort. Methods: This was atransversal, observational, case-control study where we examined demographics and functional characteristics, as well as telomere length and serum Klotho concentration, two conditions that have been associated with aging and some aging-associated diseases including emphysema. Results: Individuals with subclinical pulmonary emphysema were older (72 ± 9 versus 67 ± 6 years), and primarily smoker males with low body mass index. Despite that they were asymptomatic, two of them exhibited a decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ),with a lower FEV 1 /FVC suggesting airway obstruction. Cigarette smoking (OR=5.43, CI95% 1.8-16.7), family history of lung disease (OR=4.32, CI95% 1.0-19.0) and lower body mass index (OR 7.22, CI95% 1.2-3.5)were risk factors for the development of lung emphysematous changes. No association was found with telomere length and Klotho serum concentration. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that a small but important percentage of olderpeople without respiratory symptoms, present pulmonary emphysema and indicate that smoking exposure and genetic background may contribute as etiological factors.
Large-scale production of recombinant miraculin protein in transgenic carrot callus supension cultures using air-lift bioreactors
Authors: Park Yun-Ji , Han Jong-Eun , Lee Hyoshin , Jung Yu-Jin , Murthy Hoskatte Niranjana , Park So-Young
Published: March 2020

Miraculin, derived from the miracle fruit ( Synsepalum dulcificum ), is a taste-regulating protein that interacts with human sweet-taste receptors and transforms sourness into sweet taste. Since miracle fruit is cultivated in West Africa, mass production of miraculin is limited by regional and seasonal constraints. Here, we investigated mass production of recombinant miraculin in carrot ( Daucus carota L.) callus cultures using an air-lift bioreactor. To increase miraculin expression, the oxidative stress-inducible SWAP2 promoter was used to drive the expression of miraculin gene under various stress treatments. An 8 h treatment of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and salt (NaCl) increased the expression of miraculin gene by 5-fold compared with the untreated control. On the other hand, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate treatments showed no significant impact on miraculin gene expression compared with the control. This shows that since H 2 O 2 and NaCl treatments induce oxidative stress, they activate the SWPA2 promoter and consequently up-regulate miraculin gene expression. Thus, the results of this study provide a foundation for industrial-scale production of recombinant miraculin protein using transgenic carrot cells as a heterologous host.
Comparative vascular safety of basal long-acting insulin analogue versus intermediate-acting human insulin in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Yang Chun-Ting , Li Kuan-Ying , Yang Chen-Yi , Ou Huang-Tz , Kuo Shihchen
Published: March 2020

Background: Little is known about the comparative vascular safety of basal insulin (intermediate-acting human insulin [IAHI] or long-acting insulin analogue [LAIA]) in type 2 diabetes. We sought to examine the vascular and hypoglycemic effects associated with IAHI versus LAIA in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based, retrospective cohort study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to include patients with type 2 diabetes who stably used an IAHI (N=11,521) or LAIA (N=37,651) in the period 2004-2012. A rigorous three-step matching algorithm that considered the initiation date of basal insulin, previous exposure of antidiabetic treatments, comorbidities, diabetes severity and complications, and concomitant medications was applied to achieve the between-group comparability. Study outcomes, including composite cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), composite microvascular diseases (MVDs), and hypoglycemia, were assessed up to the end of 2013. Results: Baseline patient characteristics were balanced with the application of the matching scheme. Compared with LAIA, the use of IAHI was associated with greater risks of composite CVDs (adjusted hazard ratio: 1,79; 95% confidence interval: 1.20-2.67) and hospitalized hypoglycemia (1.82; 1.51-2.20), but a lower risk of composite MVDs (0.88; 0.84-0.91). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed a consistent trend of results with that in the primary analyses. Conclusions: The use of a basal insulin with IAHI versus LAIA among patients with type 2 diabetes in usual practice may be associated with a lower risk of MVDs, and strategies should be optimized for minimizing the risks of hypoglycemia and CVDs in this population.
Differentially expressed lnc - NOS2P3-miR-939-5p axis in chronic heart failure inhibits myocardial and endothelial cells apoptosis via iNOS/TNFα pathway
Authors: Chen Cuncun , Zong Ming , Lu Ying , Guo Yide , Lv Honggen , Xie Lihong , Fu Zhiyan , Cheng Yu , Si Yuying , Ye Bei , Fan Lieying
Published: March 2020

Background: Inflammatory cytokines induced cells apoptosis is important for initiation and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were critical in this pathogenesis. However, their roles in inflammation and apoptosis of CHF remain unclear. Methods: A total of 75 CHF and 36 non-CHF control patients were collected and the level of miR-939-5p was detected. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay was used to predict and verify pairs of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of lncRNA, miRNAs and mRNAs. CCK8 and flow cytometry were applied to determine cells vitality and apoptosis. Western blot was used for protein level analysis. Results : CHF patients had elevated serum miR-939-5p, with greater increase in NYHA I-II patients than in NYHA III-IV. Moreover, miR-939-5p was positively correlated with BNP in NYHA III-IV patients, while not in NYHA I-II, suggesting that miR-939-5p might be an additional supplement for diagnosis of heart failure. Further study showed miR-939-5p mimic promoted proliferation and inhibited inflammatory cytokines induced apoptosis of HUVECs and H9C2, while inhibition of endogenous miR-939-5p by antagomir produced the opposite effects. INOS and TNFα were identified and confirmed as target genes of miR-939-5p. Moreover, we identified lncRNA-NOS2P3 as a sponge RNA to inhibit miR-939-5p expression, regulate the expression of iNOS/TNFα, and control inflammation induced myocardial and endothelial cells apoptosis. Conclusions : Together, CHF patients exhibited elevated serum miR-939-5p especially in NYHA I-II grades. Lnc-NOS2P3-miR-939-5p-iNOS/TNFα pathway played an important role in regulating inflammatory cytokines induced cells apoptosis and provided a promising strategy for diagnosis and treatment of CHF.
Mental health, disability and cardiovascular risks in South African adults with hypertension: structural equation models of causal pathways
Authors: Bachmann Max Oscar , Bhana Arvin , Grady Katherine , Folb Naomi , Thornicroft Graham , Zani Babalwa , Lund Crick , Lombard Carl , Levitt Naomi , Fairall Lara , Hanass-Hancock Jill , Petersen Inge
Published: March 2020

Aim South African adults with hypertension often have comorbid physical and mental health problems and disabilities, which can influence each other in complex ways. We modelled potential causal pathways connecting multimorbidity, depression, stress, disability and cardiovascular risks. Methods The study analysed observational data on 1043 adults with treated hypertension and with symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score > 9) who participated in a randomised trial in 20 primary health care clinics. A structural equation path model using cross-sectional baseline data estimated direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic variables and comorbidities on depression, stress and disability scores, and their further direct and indirect effects on smoking, body mass index and blood pressure. A cross-lagged structural equation model using longitudinal data estimated effects of depression symptoms, disability and blood pressure on each other over time. Results At baseline, depression symptoms as outcome were positively associated with previous myocardial infarction, blood pressure, and disability. Disability was positively associated with depression symptoms, stress scores, myocardial infarction and tuberculosis. Body mass index was positively associated with income and female sex and negatively associated with HIV, tuberculosis, perceived stress and age. Systolic blood pressure was positively associated with depression symptoms and age, and negatively associated with tuberculosis. Indirect effects of myocardial infarction and age on disability were partly mediated through perceived stress and depression symptoms. Baseline depression symptoms predicted greater disability after one year, and baseline disability predicted greater depression symptoms and higher blood pressure after one year. Conclusions Control of cardiovascular risk factors in primary care patients with hypertension is interrelated with their mental health, disability, and comorbidity. Better mental health care and management of disability could help control blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risk.
Evaluation of the Effect of New Health Reform Policy of China Based on Prospect Theory
Authors: Guan Yueyue , Huang Zhe
Published: March 2020

Background: New health reform policy of China has gone through more than ten years from 2009 to 2019, it has come a critical period. It is important to evaluate the effect of health system reform policy, but there are a few existing studies and the researchers have not considered the impact of psychological factors on person decision-making. This study using the prospect theory can overcome this defect. Let the evaluation of the effect of new medical reform policy of China more scientific and reasonable. Methods: Data on the effect of the new health reform from China Health Statistics Yearbook and National Bureau of Statistics of China were obtained. And the indicators were selected by Corrected Item Total Correlation and Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient. The selected indicator data were calculated by the prospect theory model. Meanwhile the gray relation analysis method is introduced to enlarge the difference between the advantages and disadvantages to making the comprehensive evaluation result more obvious. Results: The results of comprehensive evaluation of the effects of health reform policies in China fluctuated from 2000 to 2017. From 2000 to 2004, the fluctuation range of the comprehensive prospect value is large; from 2004 to 2009, the comprehensive prospect value shows a slow downward trend; from 2009 to 2012, the comprehensive prospect value has decreased slightly, and then it has rebounded substantially; from 2012 to 2014, the comprehensive prospect value is stable; and from 2014 to 2017, the comprehensive prospect value is declining. Conclusions: This study showed that the implementation of new health reform policy of China has a significant impact on China's medical and health system. The new health reform advanced hard in exploration. It is worth affirming that the overall goal and direction of the new health reform are correct, but the practice is unsatisfactory. The releasing and implementation of supporting policy have the important influence on the progress of the new health reform. And the effect of the policy will decrease with the increase of the total amount. Therefore, scientific and effective late management can ensure that the policy continues to play its role.
Burden of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: an intersectional analysis of gender, poverty, stigma, and public policy.
Authors: Vadivelan K , Sekar P , Sru S Shri , Gopichandran Vijayaprasad
Published: March 2020

Background Caregivers of children with cerebral palsy suffer from substantial psycho-social burden. However, there is scarcity of documentation of the various sources of burden in the low- and middle-income settings. Methods We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews among mothers of children with cerebral palsy attending a physiotherapy facility. We purposively sampled mothers from rural and peri-urban areas in Tamil Nadu, India, till the point of data saturation. We analysed the transcripts using the socio-ecological model to identify major dimensions of psycho-social burden among these mothers. Results At the individual level the mothers perceived physical aches and pains due to the heavy activity of caregiving. They also suffered from a feeling of guilt about the child’s condition. Due to difficulty in balancing family and work, they had significant financial burdens. They also perceived a lack of knowledge and awareness about possible options for treatment of their child. At the interpersonal level, the mothers lacked support from their husband and family in the process of caregiving. They also had to suffer the ill effects of alcoholism and domestic violence from the husbands. They had to compromise on the care they provided to the other family members. At the community level the mothers had no support from the community members and felt isolated from others. The mothers also reported discrimination and lack of participation in social events. Environmental stressors like lack of inclusive public spaces, lack of options for public transport and unfriendly work timings and environment were a major source of burden. The mothers felt that the disability welfare support offered by the government was grossly insufficient and there was no platform for interactions with other peers and mothers suffering from similar burden. Conclusion Caregivers of children with cerebral palsy have unique burdens in a typical low- and middle-income setting including an intersection of patriarchy, poverty, stigmatization and non-inclusive public policy, which need to be addressed to improve the quality of life of caregivers.
Microstructural changes in the trigeminal nerve of patients with episodic migraine assessed using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mungoven Tiffani J. , Meylakh Noemi , Marcizewski Kasia , Macefield Vaughan G. , Macey Paul M. , Henderson Luke
Published: March 2020

Background

There is histological evidence of microstructural changes in the zygomaticotemporal branch of the trigeminal nerve in migraineurs. This raises the possibility that altered trigeminal nerve properties contribute to migraine pathophysiology. Whilst it is not possible to explore the anatomy of small trigeminal nerve branches it is possible to explore the anatomy of the trigeminal root entry zone using magnetic resonance imaging in humans. The aim of this investigation is to assess the microstructure of the trigeminal nerve in vivo to determine if nerve alterations occur in individuals with episodic migraine.

Methods

In 39 migraineurs and 39 matched controls, T1-weighted anatomical images were used to calculate the volume (mm 3 ) and maximal cross-sectional area of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone; diffusion tensor images were used to calculate fractional anisotropy, mean diffusion, axial diffusion and radial diffusion.

Results

Whilst there were no significant differences between controls and migraineurs with respect to volume or cross-sectional area, migraineurs displayed reduced fractional anisotropy. Furthermore, although there were no differences in average mean diffusion, axial diffusion or radial diffusion, regional analysis of the nerve revealed significantly greater mean diffusion and radial diffusion in the rostral portion of the trigeminal nerve in migraineurs compared with controls.

Conclusions

Migraine pathophysiology is associated with microstructural abnormalities within the trigeminal nerve that are consistent with histological evidence of altered myelin and/or organization. These peripheral nerve changes may provide further insight into migraine pathophysiology and enable a greater understanding for targeted treatments of pain alleviation.
Low UV-C stress modulates Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass composition and oxidative stress response through proteomic and metabolomic changes involving novel signalers and effectors
Authors: Colina Francisco , Carbó María , Meijón Mónica , Cañal María Jesús , Valledor Luis
Published: March 2020

Background The exposition of microalgae and plants to low UV-C radiation dosages can improve their biomass composition and stress tolerance. Despite UV-C shares these effects with UV-A/B but at much lower dosages, UV-C sensing and signal mechanisms are still mostly unknown. Thus, we have described and integrated the proteometabolomic and physiological changes occurring in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii – a simple Plantae model– into the first 24 h after a short and low intensity UV-C irradiation in order to reconstruct the microalgae response system to this stress.Results The microalgae response was characterized by increased redox homeostasis, ROS scavenging and protein damage repair/avoidance elements. These processes were upregulated along others related to the modulation of photosynthetic electron flux, antenna size, carbon fixation and C/N metabolism. These changes, attributed to either direct UV-C-, ROS- or redox unbalances-associated damage, trigger a response process involving novel signaling intermediaries and effectors as the translation modulator FAP204, a PP2A like protein and a novel DYRK kinase. These elements were found linked to the modulation of Chlamydomonas biomass composition (starch accumulation) and proliferation, within an UV-C response probably modulated by different epigenetic factors.Conclusion Chosen multiomics integration approach was able to describe many fast changes, including biomass composition and ROS stress tolerance, as a response to a low intensity UV-C stress. Moreover, the employed omics and systems biology approach placed many previously unidentified protein and metabolites at the center of these changes. These elements would be promising targets for the characterization of this stress response in microalgae and plants and the engineering of more productive microalgae strains.
New technique and strategy for posterior column, posterior wall, ischium, and quadrilateral plate fixation from the anterior approach for acetabular fractures
Authors: Asanuma Kunihiro , Miyamura Gaku , Suzuki Yoshiaki , Satonaka Haruhiko , Yoshida Kakunoshin , Hara Takahisa , Takada Naoya , Asanuma Yumiko , Nakamura Tomoki , Hagi Tomohito , Uemura Tsuyoshi , Sudo Akihiro
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAcetabular fractures are relatively common, but management of the ischial fragment is a considerable problem when determining whether to use only the anterior approach or to add the posterior approach for anterior column and posterior hemitransverse acetabular fractures, T-type fractures, and both column fractures. This study is the first to demonstrate how to screw or drill around the quadrilateral space, posterior column, posterior wall, and near the ischial tuberosity from the anterior approach by a novel "sleeve guide technique". MethodsFirst, a nozzle, drill, depth gauge, and driver were prepared from DepuySynthes. Periosteum of the internal obturator muscle was detached from the quadrilateral plate to near the ischial tuberosity, while paying attention not to injure Alcock’s canal. The skin was cut about 1.5 cm opposite to the side of the fracture, and the nozzle was inserted as an external sleeve. Drilling, measuring screw length, and screwing were performed through this nozzle. With this technique, the approach angles of drilling and screwing to the posterior wall and ischium were inclined, and plating from the ischium to the ilium could be performed from the anterior approach. ResultsTwo cases are presented. Case 1 was a 63-year-old man who had a left both column fracture with a free bone fragment of the joint surface. After plating a 14-hole plate from the pubis to the ilium, a bent 14-hole plate was placed at the quadrilateral space as a buttress, and a screw was inserted from the posterior wall to the ilium using sleeve guide technique. Case 2 was a 66-year-old man with a quadrilateral fracture. After a 13-hole plate was bent and placed at the quadrilateral space, screws were inserted to the ischium and posterior wall using sleeve guide technique ConclusionsSleeve guide technique is very easy, useful, and safe to drill and insert screws to the quadrilateral space, posterior wall, and near the ischial tuberosity from the anterior approach. This technique can be used for simple drilling and screwing of a small T buttress plate held by a ball spike at the quadrilateral space from the surgical window. We believe that these techniques lead to new strategies for acetabular fractures.
Improving malaria preventive practices and pregnancy outcomes through a health educational intervention: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: BALAMI AHMED DAHIRU , Said Salmiah Muhammad , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Muhammad , Norsa’adah Bachok
Published: March 2020

Background: The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy and its complications, remain very high in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the effects of a malaria health educational intervention based on the information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) model on malaria preventive practices and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: The study was a randomized controlled parallel-group study, where 372 randomly selected antenatal care attendees were randomly assigned to one of either two groups after collecting baseline data. The intervention group then received a four-hour health education intervention developed based on the IMB model, while the control group received a similarly designed health education on breastfeeding, and were then followed-up to the end of their pregnancies. The intention-to-treat analysis using the generalized linear mixed models was used to analyse the data obtained. Results: The reported frequency of ITN use and dose of IPTp taken, were higher in the intervention group by 0.32 levels ( p =0.024) and 0.37 doses ( p <0.001) respectively, implying that for 32% and 37% of the participants, an individual in the intervention group slept more frequently under an ITN by one day, and had also took one dose of IPTp more than an individual in the control group. The intervention group also achieved a haematocrit level of 0.80% higher than the control group. The intervention however, had no significant effect on the incidence of malaria diagnosis or babies’ birth weights. Conclusion: The intervention was effective in improving ITN use, IPTp uptake, and haematocrit levels. It is therefore recommended for the module to be adopted and incorporated into the routine antenatal care programmes in the state.
Use of long-lasting insecticidal nets among women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Bayelsa State, Nigeria 2019
Authors: Ibegu Maria Imaobong , Hamza Khadeejah Liman , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Numbere Tamuno-Wari , Ndoreraho Adolphe , Dahiru Tukur
Published: March 2020

Introduction Malaria in pregnancy remains a major contributor to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality despite scale up in interventions. Its prevention is one of the major interventions in reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. We assessed the ownership, utilization and predictors of use of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) for malaria prevention among women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at a tertiary hospital in Bayelsa State Nigeria. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 297 women recruited through systematic sampling. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, ownership, source and utilization of LLINs, were collected with a pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. We examined the relationship between use of LLIN and sociodemographic characteristics using chi square and logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Results The mean age of respondents was 28.8 ± 2.6 years. Most (59.2%) had tertiary education and were mainly (88.2%) urban dwellers. Two hundred and fifty (84.2%) owned LLINs, and 196 (78%) used LLIN the night prior to the interview. Almost half of the respondents purchased their LLINs. Those who purchased LLINs were 3 times more likely to have used it (OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.62-6.04) compared to those that got it free. Those who were gainfully employed (OR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.59-6.29) and those who earned above the minimum wage (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.45-5.72) were 3 times more likely to have used LLIN in their index pregnancy. Conclusion The use of LLIN as a preventive measure against malaria was relatively high among the participants in this study, though still below national target. The major factors determining the use of LLIN among these women were purchase of LLINs and being gainfully employed. We recommend that efforts should be made to enforce the policy of free LLINs at ANC registration at the tertiary hospitals, as this would further drive up ownership and utilization rates.
Liver cirrhosis affects serum lactate level measurement while assessing disease severity in patients with sepsis
Authors: Cheng Chi Yung , Kung Chia-Te , Wu Kuan-Han , Chen Fu-Cheng , Cheng Hsien-Hung , Cheng Fu-Jen , Huang Jyun-Bin , Su Chih-Min
Published: March 2020

Background Elevated serum lactate is associated with higher mortality in sepsis, whereas liver dysfunction is associated with higher serum lactate levels. We assessed the predictive ability of serum lactate in patients with liver cirrhosis and sepsis. Methods This retrospective study included 12,281 cases of suspected infection with initial serum blood lactate drawn during January 2007-December 2013. Results Using one-to-two propensity score matching analysis, 1,053 and 2,106 septic patients with and without underlying liver cirrhosis, respectively, were successfully matched. Lactate levels of survivors and non-survivors were 2.58 and 5.93 mmol/L, respectively, in patients without liver cirrhosis (WLC), 2.96 and 7.29 mmol/L, respectively, in patients with non-decompensated liver cirrhosis (NDLC), and 4.08 and 7.1 6 mmol/L, respectively, in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC). Adjusted odds ratios of an initial serum lactate level >2 mmol/L in 28-day in-hospital mortality were 4.99, 4.74, and 3.33 in the WLC, NDLC, and DLC groups, respectively. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting mortality were 0.81 and 0.55, respectively, in the WLC group, 0.85 and 0.45, respectively, in the NDLC group, and 0.86 and 0.33, respectively, in the DLC group, using serum lactate levels >2.0 mmol/L. Conclusions Serum lactate level can be used to predict the severity of sepsis in patients with liver cirrhosis; however, its specificity would be lower at a cutoff of 2.0 mmol/L.
Intraepithelial matrix metalloproteinase-9 in invasive breast carcinoma, normal tissue adjacent to tumor, and normal mammoplasty specimens: a comparative study considering relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and some clinicopathologic prognostic factors of breast carcinoma
Authors: Mohammadizadeh Fereshteh , Dehkordi Mahsa Bagherian
Published: March 2020

Background- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme with major role in remodeling of extracellular matrix, has been the focus of attention in some previous studies in the field of breast cancer. We conducted a comparative study to investigate the frequency of this marker in tissue specimens of invasive breast carcinoma, tumor control, and normal control. The relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and some clinicopathologic factors of breast carcinoma has also been evaluated. Methods- Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from three groups including 40 invasive breast carcinoma (tumor group) and their adjacent normal tissue (tumor control), as well as 40 normal mammoplasty specimens (normal control) were studied. The samples were from the pathology archive of Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, from 2016 to 2018. The status of intraepithelial MMP-9 was studied and compared in these three groups using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between intraepithelial MMP-9 and some clinicopathologic prognostic factors was also evaluated in tumor group. Results - The extent of intraepithelial MMP-9 immunostaining in all positive specimens was 100%. The results of intraepithelial MMP-9 staining intensity was as follow: 12.5% strong, 27.5% moderate, 27.5% mild, and 32.5% negative in tumor group; 17.5% strong, 22.5% moderate, 32.5% mild, and 27.5% negative in tumor control group; and 10% strong, 40% moderate, 27.5% mild, and 22.5% negative in normal control group. Intraepithelial MMP-9 immunostaining intensity showed significant difference between tumor and tumor control groups (P<0.001). Intraepithelial MMP-9 immunostaining intensity showed no significant difference between tumor and normal control groups, and between tumor control and normal control groups (P>0.05).
Effects of information-dependent vaccination behavior on coronavirus outbreak: insights from a SIRI model
Authors: Buonomo Bruno
Published: March 2020

A mathematical model is proposed to assess the effects of a vaccine on thetime evolution of a coronavirus outbreak. The model has the basic structure of SIRIcompartments (susceptible-infectious-recovered-infectious) and is implemented by tak-ing into account of the behavioral changes of individuals in response to the availableinformation on the status of the disease in the community. We found that the cumu-lative incidence may be significantly reduced when the information coverage is highenough and/or the information delay is short, especially when the reinfection rate ishigh enough to sustain the presence of the disease in the community. This analysis is in-spired by the ongoing outbreak of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirusCOVID–19.
Characterization of modified mineral waste material adsorbent as affected by thermal treatment for optimizing its adsorption of lead and methyl orange
Authors: Su Lingcheng , Chen Jiajun , Ruan Huada , Chen Dongqi , Chen Xi , Lee Chiuhong
Published: March 2020

Thermal treatment is one of the most common processes in mineral modification, and this process has been applied to the modification of mineral waste material to improve its adsorption ability of methyl orange (MO) and lead (Pb) in this study. The properties of modified mineral waste material (MMWM) before and after thermal modification were characterized by using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) N2 adsorption/desorption measurement, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Phase transformation was investigated related to the change in surface morphology and dehydroxylation that occurred in MMWM samples during the process of thermal treatment. To study adsorption performances of Pb and MO onto the newly modified MMWM, several experiments were carried out under different adsorption conditions and the results were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The thermally treated MMWM samples showed morphological transformation and an increasing trend in BET specific surface area (SSA) up to 500 °C followed by a decreasing trend till 1000 °C. Thermal modification of MMWM successfully improved Pb adsorption from 349 to 515 mg/g, corresponding to the MMWM modified at 600 °C, and the methyl orange (MO) adsorption from 68 to 87.6 mg/g at 400 °C. The adsorptions of Pb and MO were mainly chemisorption and monolayer coverage, as the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir equation displayed good correlations for Pb and MO adsorption data.
Some geometrical properties of fission-track-surface intersections in apatite
Authors: Jonckheere Raymond , Aslanian Carolin , Wauschkuhn Bastian , Ratschbacher Lothar
Published: March 2020

Parallel fission-track-surface intersections identify the grains in an etched apatite mount that have been polished parallel to their prism faces and mark the orientations of their c-axes. Their lengths (Dpar) are a practical kinetic parameter that is indicative of the track annealing rate of apatite. Little is known, however, about their geometrical properties in non-prism faces. We present a model calculation of the frequency distributions of the orientations, lengths, and widths of track-surface intersections in non-prism faces. The current model does not include the effects of surface etching or measurement imprecision. However, as far as it goes, it is consistent with measurements in apatite surfaces up to 30° to the c-axis. Regardless of the model, we submit that the statistical properties of the fission-track-surface intersections have practical uses. The distribution of their orientations is characteristic of the orientation of the etched surface relative to the c-axis. The distribution of their lengths presents a possible tool for investigating track etching, in particular for evaluating the tracks added and lost through surface etching. The distribution of their widths is a potential kinetic parameter independent of surface orientation and less susceptible to the factors, such as the sampling method and surface etch rate, that produce conflicting Dpar values.
Utility of Biodiesel in Diesel Engine
Authors: Islam Md. Zahidul , Onny Nusrat Jahan , Chowdhury Suman
Published: March 2020

The energy resources from the fossil fuels are decreasing day by day. Rather fossil fuel is costly, it creates environmental problems by producing  and NOx in the environment. Now it is argent to find a solution. The solution can be renewable energy. In this paper the effort was to find the utility of biodiesels in the conventional diesel engine. This biofuel or biodiesel is extracted from Soybean methyl ester (SME). We compared the basic performance characteristics diesel, SME 20 and SME 100 in unmodified diesel engine. This experiment will be helpful to find out the utility of SME type biodiesel in conventional diesel engine so that the uses of fossil fuels can be reduced in quick rental power plants and other uses. We can use biodiesel as substitute in an economic tariff and efficient way. The energy resources from the fossil fuels are decreasing day by day. Rather fossil fuel is costly, it creates environmental problems by producing  and NOx in the environment. Now it is argent to find a solution. The solution can be renewable energy. In this paper the effort was to find the utility of biodiesels in the conventional diesel engine. This biofuel or biodiesel is extracted from Soybean methyl ester (SME). We compared the basic performance characteristics diesel, SME 20 and SME 100 in unmodified diesel engine. This experiment will be helpful to find out the utility of SME type biodiesel in conventional diesel engine so that the uses of fossil fuels can be reduced in quick rental power plants and other uses. We can use biodiesel as substitute in an economic tariff and efficient way.
A review of flux identification methods for models of sedimentation
Authors: Bürger R. , Careaga J. , Diehl S.
Published: March 2020

Most models of sedimentation contain the nonlinear hindered-settling flux function. If one assumes ideal conditions and no compression, then there exist several theoretically possible ways of identifying a large portion of the flux function from only one experiment by means of formulas derived from the theory of solutions of partial differential equations. Previously used identification methods and recently published such, which are based on utilizing conical vessels or centrifuges, are reviewed and compared with synthetic data (simulated experiments). This means that the identification methods are evaluated from a theoretical viewpoint without experimental errors or difficulties. The main contribution of the recent methods reviewed is that they, in theory, can identify a large portion of the flux function from a single experiment, in contrast to the traditional method that provides one point on the flux curve from each test. The new methods lay the foundation of rapid flux identification; however, experimental procedures need to be elaborated.
Virtual Screening of the Multi-pathway and Multi-gene Regulatory Molecular Mechanism of Dachengqi Decoction in the Treatment of Stroke Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Pei Lishan , Shen Xia , Yan Yonggang , Tan Conge , Qu Kai , Zou Junbo , Wang Yanxia , Ping Fan
Published: March 2020

Background:

Stroke is ranked second among diseases that cause mortality worldwide.
Owing to its complicated pathogenesis, no satisfactory treatment strategies for stroke are available.
Dachengqi decoction (DCQD), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been widely used in
China for a long time, as it has a good effect on stroke. However, the molecular mechanism
underlying this effect of DCQD is unclear.

Objective:

In the present study, we aimed to reveal and explore the multi-pathway and multi-gene
regulatory molecular mechanism of Dachengqi decoction in the treatment of stroke.

Methods:

In this study, a network pharmacology method, in combination with oral bioavailability
prediction and drug-likeness evaluation, was employed to predict the active ingredients of DCQD.
The target genes of the active components and the traced pathways related to these target genes
were predicted. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using clusterProfiler software package on the R
platform and ClueGo+CluePedia plug-ins. Finally, the key DCQD targets were verified using the
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset.

Results and Discussion:

According to the ADME model, 52 active components were screened
from 296 active components of DCQD. After prediction and screening, 215 stroke-related targets
were obtained and analyzed via GO and KEGG analyses. GO analysis showed that DCQD targets
were mainly involved in the regulation of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and
other biological processes. KEGG pathway analysis further revealed pathways involved in stroke,
such as arachidonic acid metabolic, HIF-1 signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, MAPK
signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, platelet activation pathway, VEGF signaling
pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway. Network analysis revealed that DCQD might be involved
in the regulation of lipid metabolism, blood pressure, inflammation, angiogenesis, neuroprotection,
platelet aggregation, apoptosis, and oxidation in stroke treatment. GEO dataset analysis showed
that DCQD’s therapeutic effects might be exerted via the bidirectional regulation principle.

Conclusion:

Based on the methods of network pharmacology and GEO analysis, it was found that,
during stroke treatment, DCQD regulates and controls multiple genes and multiple pathways in a
synergistic manner, providing a new strategy for stroke treatment.
Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mollica Veronica , Santoni Matteo , Di Nunno Vincenzo , Cimadamore Alessia , Cheng Liang , Lopez-Beltran Antonio , Battelli Nicola , Montironi Rodolfo , Massari Francesco
Published: March 2020

Background:

The management of renal cell carcinoma is rapidly evolving and immunotherapy, mostly consisting of immune checkpoint inhibitors, is revolutionizing the treatment scenario of metastatic patients. Novel fractionation schedules of radiotherapy, consisting of high doses in few fractions, can overcome the radioresistance of this tumor. Localized radiotherapy is associated with a systemic effect, known as the abscopal effect. This effect mediated by the immune system can be enhanced associating radiotherapy with immunotherapy.

Objective:

In this review, we explore the role of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in RCC, the rationale of combining these strategies and the on-going clinical trials investigating combinations of these two treatment modalities.

Conclusion:

Combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy has a strong rationale and pre-clinical studies support their association because it can overcome the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment and increase the anti-tumor immune response. More clinical evidence, deriving from onclinical trials, are needed to prove the efficacy and safety of these treatments combined.
In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Natural Compounds as Human CK2 Inhibitors
Authors: Haidar Samer , Jürgens Franziska , Aichele Dagmar , Jose Joachim
Published: March 2020

Background:

Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous cellular serine-threonine kinase
with broad spectrum of substrates. This enzyme is widely expressed in eukaryotic cells and is overexpressed
in different human cancers. Thus, the inhibition of CK2 can induce the physiological
process of apoptosis leading to tumor cell death.

Objective:

Selecting natural inhibitors toward the target enzyme using database mining.

Method:

With our continuous effort to discover new compounds with CK2 inhibitory effect, several
commercial natural databases were searched using molecular modeling approach and the selected
compounds were evaluated in vitro.

Result:

Three compounds were selected as candidates and evaluated in vitro using CK2 holoenzyme,
their effect on three cancer cell lines was determined. The selected candidates were weak inhibitors
toward the target enzyme, only one compound showed moderate effect on cell viability.

Conclusion:

Several natural databases were screened and compounds were selected and tested in vitro, despite of the unexpected low activity of the compounds, this study can help in directing the search of potent CK2 inhibitors and better understand the binding requirements of the ATP competitive inhibitors.
An Overview on Eco-Friendly Polymer Composites for Heavy Metal Ion Remediation
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Shahid , Palvasha Bushra Anees , Tahir Zaman , Hassan Sadaf ul , Ali Zulfiqar , Akhtar Majid Niaz , Azam Kashuf , Abdullah Mohd. Azmuddin
Published: March 2020

Background:

Water contamination by noxious heavy metals due to urbanization is a global environmental problem. Heavy metal ions pollution make the water unsuitable for drinking and are also highly toxic to human beings and eco-system. Remediation of heavy metals is therefore very crucial.

Method:

Adsorbents based on biopolymer and eco-friendly polymer composites have been developed and fabricated to remediate and remove heavy metals from the ecosystem.

Result:

In recent years, biocomposites have been successful as cost effective adsorbents for the remediation of various contaminants with their eco-friendly nature and sustainability.

Conclusion:

This review article gives an overview on the remediation of heavy metals using green biocomposites.
Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Anti-Cancer Therapies
Authors: Kostadinova Milena , Mourdjeva Milena
Published: March 2020

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are localized throughout the adult body as a small
population in the stroma of the tissue concerned. In injury, tissue damage, or tumor formation, they are
activated and leave their niche to migrate to the site of injury, where they release a plethora of growth
factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules. With the accumulation of data about the interaction
between MSCs and tumor cells, the dualistic role of MSCs remains unclear. However, a large number
of studies have demonstrated the natural anti-tumor properties inherent in MSCs, so this is the basis for
intensive research for new methods using MSCs as a tool to suppress cancer cell development. This
review focuses specifically on advanced approaches in modifying MSCs to become a powerful, precision-
targeted tool for killing cancer cells, but not normal healthy cells. Suppression of tumor growth by
MSCs can be accomplished by inducing apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, suppressing tumor angiogenesis,
or blocking mechanisms mediating metastasis. In addition, the chemosensitivity of cancer cells may be
increased so that the dose of the chemotherapeutic agent used could be significantly reduced.
Hallucinogen Use in College Students: Current Trends and Consequences of Use
Authors: Jia Lena S. , Gold Jessica A.
Published: March 2020

Hallucinogens are a drug class that is growing in popularity with college
students. Recent experimental trends, such as microdosing, have helped promote the use of
hallucinogens on campus, and students may be tempted to use these substances due to their
beliefs about the drugs’ positive effects on mood. Although hallucinogens are not currently
an established form of medical therapy, studies have shown that they have significant
benefits as adjunctive treatments for psychological disorders. However, the recreational
use of these drugs in college students often occurs in uncontrolled doses or with drug
mixing, which is often dangerous. Furthermore, students with mental health disorders may
have their symptoms masked by hallucinogenic drug use, which could delay treatment and
have serious consequences. Long-term use of these drugs may also result in tolerance or
hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. This article attempts to review current
information regarding hallucinogen use and how it applies to the college population.
The khat dilemma in Jimma area: The socio-economic analysis of benefits and harms associated with kath use
Authors: Fojo Gudina Abashula , Tesfa Abulu
Published: March 2020

This study aims to come up with empirically based evidence concerning the dilemma of khat (Catha edulis Forsk, a natural green leaf used as a stimulant. This study carried out in selected areas in the Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia, in order to clarify the dilemma to use it based on empirical evidence concerning its socio-economic benefits and harms. To this end, 397 samples selected randomly using a probability sampling method from the study areas and a survey undertaken using closed and open-ended questionnaires. Moreover, key informant interviews and focus group discussions carried out in order to collect qualitative data to supplement the survey study. Descriptive statistics like percentages mean and inferential statistics, such as chi-square used to analyze the quantitative data. On the other hand, the thematic analysis used to analyze the qualitative data. The result showed that the respondents had experienced various types of problems they attributed to khat use. As far as the specific economic problems experienced by the respondents were concerned, they were unable to be punctual on work, absent from work, and exposed to unnecessary costs. Moreover, the respondents said that they were unable to save money daily, weekly, or monthly due to expenses attributed to khat chewing. As far as its social harm is concerned, the study participants said that they experienced conflict between themselves and their families due the fact that khat use costs interfered with their families’ basic needs expenses. Some of them also mentioned that they conflicted with their bosses because they were not punctual and absent from work due to khat chewing. Similarly, the FGD participants from the community argued that khat chewing has become forcing the jobless segments of the community, mainly to engage in anti-social behaviors such as theft and robbery.