bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Origin of China’s Modern Industrial Architecture and Its Development Strategies of Industrial Tourism
Authors: Han Rui , Liu Daping , Cornaglia Paolo
Published: April 2020

Due to the unique cultural attribution and facade aesthetics, China’s modern industrial architecture, built in the 1950s, played a significant role and expressed a specific historical value in the process of human industrial civilization. The objective of this study was to reveal the origin of China’s modern industrial architecture, meanwhile understanding the content, the channel, and the process of the global transfer of modern industrial architecture from the United States to the Soviet Union and then to China. With a literature review, we summarized the United States’ achievements of modern industrial architecture at the beginning of the 20th century and described the formation and evolution process of the Soviet Union’s modern industrial architecture from the 1920s to the 1950s. Through field investigation and measurement into China’s modern industrial plants, we comparatively analyzed the inheritance and changes among the United States, the Soviet Union, and China from the perspective of the planning concept, design theory, and structural technology. Finally, two sustainable development strategies of industrial tourism were proposed for China’s modern industrial heritage according to the comprehensive assessment, and two typical development patterns were presented based on their respective advantages.
Symmetry in Electromagnetism
Authors: Ferrando Albert , García-March Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2020

Electromagnetism plays an essential role, both in basic and applied physics research [...]
Thin Films of Homochiral Metal–Organic Frameworks for Chiroptical Spectroscopy and Enantiomer Separation
Authors: Li Chun , Heinke Lars
Published: April 2020

Chiral nanoporous solids are a fascinating class of materials, allowing efficient enantiomer separation. Here, we review the status, applications, and potential of thin films of homochiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Combining the advantages of MOFs, whose well-defined, crystalline structures can be rationally tuned, with the benefits of thin films enables new opportunities for the characterization of the enantioselectivity, e.g., via chiroptical spectroscopy and straightforward molecular uptake quantifications. By incorporating photoresponsive molecules in the chiral MOF films, the enantioselectivity of the material can be dynamically remote-controlled. The most promising application of MOF films is their use as membranes, where the enantioselective separation of chiral molecules is demonstrated and parameters for further improvements are discussed.
Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity in Cystic Fibrosis Patients—Results from an Observational Prospective Multicenter Study Concerning Virulence Genes, Phylogeny, and Gene Plasticity
Authors: Lange Jonas , Heidenreich Kathrin , Higelin Katharina , Dyck Kristina , Marx Vanessa , Reichel Christian , Wamel Willem van , Reijer Martijn den , Görlich Dennis , Kahl Barbara C.
Published: April 2020

Staphylococcus aureus and cystic fibrosis (CF) are closely interlinked. To date, however, the impact of S. aureus culture in CF airways on lung function and disease progression has only been elucidated to a limited degree. This analysis aims to identify bacterial factors associated to clinical deterioration. Data were collected during an observational prospective multi-center study following 195 patients from 17 centers. The average follow-up time was 80 weeks. S. aureus isolates (n = 3180) were scanned for the presence of 25 virulence genes and agr-types using single and multiplex PCR. The presence of specific virulence genes was not associated to clinical deterioration. For the agr-types 1 and 4, however, a link to the subjects’ clinical status became evident. Furthermore, a significant longitudinal decrease in the virulence gene quantity was observed. Analyses of the plasticity of the virulence genes revealed significantly increased plasticity rates in the presence of environmental stress. The results suggest that the phylogenetic background defines S. aureus pathogenicity rather than specific virulence genes. The longitudinal loss of virulence genes most likely reflects the adaptation process directed towards a persistent and colonizing rather than infecting lifestyle.
A Theoretical Study of the Adsorption Process of B-aflatoxins Using Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder Biomasses
Authors: Méndez-Albores Abraham , Escobedo-González René , Aceves-Hernández Juan Manuel , García-Casillas Perla , Nicolás-Vázquez María Inés , Miranda-Ruvalcaba René
Published: April 2020

Employing theoretical calculations with density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) functional and basis set, the interaction of the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) molecule and the functional groups present in the Pyracantha koidzumii biosorbent was investigated. Dissociation free energy and acidity equilibrium constant values were obtained theoretically both in solution (water) and gas phases. Additionally, the molecular electrostatic potential for the protonated molecules was calculated to verify the reactivity. Thus, methanol (hydroxyl group), methylammonium ion (amino group), acetate ion (carboxyl group), and acetone (carbonyl group), were used as representatives of the substrates present in the biomass; these references were considered using the corresponding protonated or unprotonated forms at a pH value of 5. The experimental infrared spectrophotometric data suggested the participation of these functional groups in the AFB1 biosorption process, indicating that the mechanism was dominated by electrostatic interactions between the charged functional groups and the positively charged AFB1 molecule. The theoretical determination indicated that the carboxylate ion provided the highest interaction energy with the AFB1 molecule. Consequently, an enriched biosorbent with compounds containing carboxyl groups could improve the yield of the AFB1 adsorption when using in vitro and in vivo trials.
A Novel Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Vectored DIVA Vaccine against Peste des Petits Ruminants in Goats
Authors: Murr Magdalena , Hoffmann Bernd , Grund Christian , Römer-Oberdörfer Angela , Mettenleiter Thomas C.
Published: April 2020

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV, species: small ruminant morbillivirus) is the causative agent of the eponymous notifiable disease, the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in wild and domestic sheep and goats. Mortality rates vary between 50% and 100%, causing significant losses of estimated 1.5 to 2 billion US Dollars per year. Live-attenuated PPRV vaccine strains are used in the field for disease prevention, but the application of a more thermostable vaccine enabling differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) would be highly desirable to achieve the goal of global disease eradication. We generated a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) based on the live-attenuated NDV Clone 30 that expresses the surface protein hemagglutinin (H) of PPRV strain Kurdistan/11 (rNDV_HKur). In vitro analyses confirmed transgene expression as well as virus replication in avian, caprine, and ovine cells. Two consecutive subcutaneous vaccinations of German domestic goats with rNDV_HKur prevented clinical signs and hematogenic dissemination after an intranasal challenge with virulent PPRV Kurdistan/11. Virus shedding by different routes was reduced to a similar extent as after vaccination with the live-attenuated PPRV strain Nigeria 75/1. Goats that were either not vaccinated or inoculated with parental rNDV were used as controls. In summary, we demonstrate in a proof-of-concept study that an NDV vectored vaccine can protect against PPR. Furthermore, it provides DIVA-applicability and a high thermal tolerance.
Comparison of the Influences of Cadmium Toxicity to Phosphate Removal in Activated Sludge Separately Fed by Glucose and Acetic Acid as Carbon Sources
Authors: Yang Chih-Chi , Lu Meng-Shan , Dao Khanh Chau , Lin Jan-Wei , Chou Yi-Hsiu , Tsai Yung-Pin
Published: April 2020

This study used high and low concentrations of glucose and acetic acid as carbon sources in two aerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) processes. Trials were shock loaded with different concentrations of Cd2+. It was observed that the substrate utilization rate decreased when glucose concentration increased and thus the activated sludge of A2O preferred acetic acid as a carbon source over glucose. Under anaerobic conditions, activated sludge readily transformed the substrate into poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) by the Entner–Douderoff (ED) pathway with ease, but not into poly-b-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) by the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathway. However, ED pathway was suppressed more severely by cadmium shock loading than that of the EMP pathway. The shock loading of Cd2+ greatly inhibited the anaerobic phosphate release rate with a half inhibition concentration of 10 mg L−1 when acetic acid was used as a substrate. The phosphate removal efficiency of A2O with acetic acid was affected by Cd2+ shock loading more than that of glucose. Therefore, A2O with glucose as a substrate could tolerate the Cd2+ shock loading better than that of A2O with acetic acid. This study also showed that polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) were more sensitive to Cd2+ toxicity than that of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). With the addition of Cd2+, PHB/PHV synthesis/degradation was inhibited more apparently in acetic acid trials than that of glucose trials.
A Large-Scale 3D Study on Transport of Humic Acid-Coated Goethite Nanoparticles for Aquifer Remediation
Authors: Velimirovic Milica , Bianco Carlo , Ferrantello Natalia , Tosco Tiziana , Casasso Alessandro , Sethi Rajandrea , Schmid Doris , Wagner Stephan , Miyajima Kumiko , Klaas Norbert , Meckenstock Rainer U. , von der Kammer Frank , Hofmann Thilo
Published: April 2020

Humic acid-coated goethite nanoparticles (HA-GoeNPs) have been recently proposed as an effective reagent for the in situ nanoremediation of contaminated aquifers. However, the effective dosage of these particles has been studied only at laboratory scale to date. This study investigates the possibility of using HA-GoeNPs in remediation of real field sites by mimicking the injection and transport of HA-GoeNPs under realistic conditions. To this purpose, a three-dimensional (3D) transport experiment was conducted in a large-scale container representing a heterogeneous unconfined aquifer. Monitoring data, including particle size distribution, total iron (Fetot) content and turbidity measurements, revealed a good subsurface mobility of the HA-GoeNP suspension, especially within the higher permeability zones. A radius of influence of 2 m was achieved, proving that HA-GoeNPs delivery is feasible for aquifer restoration. A flow and transport model of the container was built using the numerical code Micro and Nanoparticle transport Model in 3D geometries (MNM3D) to predict the particle behavior during the experiment. The agreement between modeling and experimental results validated the capability of the model to reproduce the HA-GoeNP transport in a 3D heterogeneous aquifer. Such result confirms MNM3D as a valuable tool to support the design of field-scale applications of goethite-based nanoremediation.
An Evaluation Study of the Fully Coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro Modeling System for Simulation of Storm Events with Different Rainfall Evenness in Space and Time
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Jia , Li Chuanzhe , Liu Yuchen , Yu Fuliang , Yu Entao
Published: April 2020

With the aim of improving the understanding of water exchanges in medium-scale catchments of northern China, the spatiotemporal characteristics of rainfall and several key water cycle elements e.g., soil moisture, evapotranspiration and generated runoff, were investigated using a fully coupled atmospheric-hydrologic modeling system by integrating the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and its terrestrial hydrologic component WRF-Hydro (referred to as the fully coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro). The stand-alone WRF model (referred to as WRF-only) is also used as a comparison with the fully coupled system, which was expected to produce more realistic simulations, especially rainfall, by allowing the redistribution of surface and subsurface water across the land surface. Six storm events were sorted by different spatial and temporal distribution types, and categorical and continuous indices were used to distinguish the applicability in space and time between WRF-only and the fully coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro. The temporal indices showed that the coupled WRF-Hydro could improve the time homogeneous precipitation, but for the time inhomogeneous precipitation, it might produce a larger false alarm than WRF-only, especially for the flash storm that occurred in July, 2012. The spatial indices showed a lower mean bias error in the coupled system, and presented an enhanced simulation of both space homogeneous and inhomogeneous storm events than WRF-only. In comparison with WRF-only, the fully coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro had a closer to the observations particularly in and around the storm centers. The redistributions fluctuation of spatial precipitation in the fully coupled system was highly correlated with soil moisture, and a low initial soil moisture could lead to a large spatial fluctuated range. Generally, the fully coupled system produced slightly less runoff than WRF-only, but more frequent infiltration and larger soil moisture. While terrestrial hydrologic elements differed with relatively small amounts in the average of the two catchments between WRF-only and the fully coupled WRF/WRF-Hydro, the spatial distribution of elements in the water cycle before and after coupling with WRF-Hydro was not consistent. The soil moisture, runoff and precipitation in the fully coupled system had a similar spatial trend, but evapotranspiration did not always display the same.
Field-Based Analysis of Runoff Generation Processes in Humid Lowlands of the Taihu Basin, China
Authors: Zhai Yue , Wang Chuanhai , Chen Gang , Wang Chun , Li Xiaoning , Liu Yating
Published: April 2020

In the flat lowland agricultural areas of subtropical climate zones, the runoff process has a great influence on the regional water quantity and quality. In this study, field data about rainfall, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, groundwater table, and surface water dynamics were collected in two different experimental sites in the Taihu Basin, China. Results showed that densely distributed ditches contributed to shallow groundwater depths and persistent near-saturation soil. A correlation analysis was conducted to improve the understandings of runoff generation in humid lowland areas of the Taihu Basin. It was found that a Dunne overland flow was the dominant mechanism responsible for the rapid runoff generation. The total rainfall and runoff expressed a good linear relationship with an R2 of 0.95 in the Hongqiwei test site. The initial groundwater depth was considered as the indicator of the antecedent soil moisture estimation for the close relationship. The depression storage was suggested in a range from 4.72 to 8.03 mm for an estimation based on the water balance analysis for each rainfall event, which proves that the depression storage should not be neglected when calculating the runoff generation process in humid lowlands.
The Dynamic Yield Response Factor of Alfalfa Improves the Accuracy of Dual Crop Coefficient Approach under Water and Salt Stress
Authors: Hu Yanzhe , Kang Shaozhong , Ding Risheng , Du Taisheng , Tong Ling , Li Sien
Published: April 2020

The accurate quantification of crop water use or evapotranspiration (ET) under water and salt stress is needed for efficient water management and precision irrigation in water scarce regions. However, few studies were examined on alfalfa water use and its components under water and salt stress. We carried out two field experiments to quantify alfalfa water use through setting up different water and salt gradients, including two irrigation levels (full and deficit irrigation) and four soil salinity levels (0, 2‰, 4‰ and 6‰ salt of mass ratio) in an arid region of Northwest China. Electrical conductivity of soil saturation extract (ECe), soil water content (SWC), leaf area index (LAI) and soil evaporation (E) were measured. The SIMDualKc model, which uses the FAO56 dual Kc approach, was calibrated and validated using measured SWC and E. Model results show a good agreement between observed and simulated SWC and E without stress. The depletion fraction for no stress (p) and the percent yield reduction per unit increase in soil salinity (b) were 0.50 and 6.0%/(dS m−1), respectively, slightly lower than those of FAO-56 (0.55 and 7.3%/(dS m−1)). The difference indicates that alfalfa has a lower capacity of water use but a greater tolerance to salt stress after soil salinity reached its sensitivity threshold in the arid region. The model performed a reduced accuracy under water and salt stress and the differences tended to increase as stress increased, which was partly attributed to constant yield response factor (Ky) under different soil water and salt stress. The key parameter Ky dynamically increased with the increased degree of stress. Compared to constant Ky, the simulations of SWC and E showed improved accuracy with dynamic Ky. These results suggested that the response and acclimation of alfalfa to stress might be incorporated into the dual Kc model through the diversity of Ky.
Laser Diffraction as An Innovative Alternative to Standard Pipette Method for Determination of Soil Texture Classes in Central Europe
Authors: Igaz Dušan , Aydin Elena , Šinkovičová Miroslava , Šimanský Vladimír , Tall Andrej , Horák Ján
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the comparison of soil particle size distribution determined by standard pipette method and laser diffraction. Based on the obtained results (542 soil samples from 271 sites located in the Nitra, Váh and Hron River basins), regression models were calculated to convert the results of the particle size distribution by laser diffraction to pipette method. Considering one of the most common soil texture classification systems used in Slovakia (according to Novák), the emphasis was placed on the determination accuracy of particle size fraction <0.01 mm. Analysette22 MicroTec plus and Mastersizer2000 devices were used for laser diffraction. Polynomial regression model resulted in the best approximation of measurements by laser diffraction to values obtained by pipette method. In the case of particle size fraction <0.01 mm, the differences between the measured values by pipette method and both laser analyzers ranged in average from 3% up to 9% and from 2% up to 11% in the case of Analysette22 and Mastersizer2000, respectively. After correction, the differences decreased to average 3.28% (Analysette22) and 2.24% (Mastersizer2000) in comparison with pipette method. After recalculation of the data, laser diffraction can be used alongside the sedimentation methods.
Interannual Variations of Evapotranspiration and Water Use Efficiency over an Oasis Cropland in Arid Regions of North-Western China
Authors: Wang Haibo , Li Xin , Tan Junlei
Published: April 2020

The efficient use of limited water resources and improving the water use efficiency (WUE) of arid agricultural systems is becoming one of the greatest challenges in agriculture production and global food security because of the shortage of water resources and increasing demand for food in the world. In this study, we attempted to investigate the interannual trends of evapotranspiration and WUE and the responses of biophysical factors and water utilization strategies over a main cropland ecosystem (i.e., seeded maize, Zea mays L.) in arid regions of North-Western China based on continuous eddy-covariance measurements. This paper showed that ecosystem WUE and canopy WUE of the maize ecosystem were 1.90 ± 0.17 g C kg−1 H2O and 2.44 ± 0.21 g C kg−1 H2O over the observation period, respectively, with a clear variation due to a change of irrigation practice. Traditional flood irrigation generally results in over-irrigation, providing more water than actual crop requirements. Unlike flood irrigation, which can infiltrate into deep soil layers, drip irrigation can only influence the shallow soil moisture, which can lead to decreases of soil moisture of approximately 27–32% and 36–42% compared with flood irrigation for shallow and deep layers, respectively. Additionally, drip irrigation decreases evapotranspiration by 13% and transpiration by 11–14%, leading to increases in ecosystem and canopy WUE of 9–14% and 11%, respectively, compared to the traditional irrigation practice. Therefore, the drip irrigation strategy is an effective method to reduce irrigation water use and increase crop WUE in arid regions. Our study provides guidance to water-saving cultivation systems and has implications for sustainable water resources management and agriculture development in water-limited regions.
Variability of Trends in Precipitation across the Amazon River Basin Determined from the CHIRPS Precipitation Product and from Station Records
Authors: Paca Victor Hugo da Motta , Espinoza-Dávalos Gonzalo , Moreira Daniel , Comair Georges
Published: April 2020

The Amazon River Basin is the largest rainforest in the world. Long-term changes in precipitation trends in the basin can affect the continental water balance and the world’s climate. The precipitation trends in the basin are not spatially uniform; estimating these trends only at locations where station data are available has an inherent bias. In the present research, the spatially distributed annual precipitation trends were studied in the Amazon River Basin from the year 1981 to 2017 using the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) product. The precipitation trends were also cross-validated at locations where station data were available. The research also identifies clusters within the basin where trends showed a larger increase (nine clusters) or decrease in precipitation (10 clusters). The overall precipitation trend in the Amazon River Basin over 37 years showed a 2.8 mm/year increase, with a maximum of 45.1 mm/year and minimum of −37.9 mm/year. The highest positive cluster was in Cuzco in the Ucayali River basin, and the lowest negative was in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, in the upstream Madeira River basin. The total volume of the incoming precipitation was 340,885.1 km3, with a withdrawal of −244,337.1 km3. Cross-validation was performed using 98 in situ stations with more than 20 years of recorded data, obtaining an R2 of 0.981, a slope of 1.027, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 363.6 mm/year. The homogeneous, standardized, and continuous long-term time series provided by CHIRPS is a valuable product for basins with a low-density network of stations such as the Amazon Basin.
Cyanobacterial Blooms and Zooplankton Structure in Lake Ecosystem under Limited Human Impact
Authors: Napiórkowska-Krzebietke Agnieszka , Kalinowska Krystyna , Bogacka-Kapusta Elżbieta , Stawecki Konrad , Traczuk Piotr
Published: April 2020

Cyanobacterial blooms are tightly related to increasing trophic conditions of lakes and climate warming. Abiotic and biotic parameters were studied in a shallow lake, in which the island with the largest cormorants colony in north-eastern Poland is situated. We hypothesized that the strongest cyanobacterial blooms will persist near the cormorant’s island and will decrease with an increasing distance from it. Filamentous cyanobacteria (Pseudanabaena, Planktolyngbya, Limnothrix, Planktothrix) were the main phytoplankton components during summer and autumn. Their strongest blooms (up to 66 mg L−1) were recorded near the roosting area. The content of nutrients and chlorophyll a, and the biomass of phytoplankton (primarily cyanobacteria) and zooplankton, decreased gradually with the increasing distance from the island. The changes from hypertrophic to eutrophic conditions were confirmed by a decrease in values of the trophic state index from 72 (site 1) to 58 (site 5). This all suggests that cormorants might have a significant impact on the deterioration of water quality (at distance to 1.6 km) and can contribute to faster water eutrophication. Our results suggest that protection of breeding sites for many waterbirds, such as cormorants, becomes a real threat for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems due to a large load of nutrients.
Energy Dissipation of Type a Piano Key Weirs
Authors: R. Eslinger Kam , Crookston Brian M.
Published: April 2020

A Piano Key weir (PK weir) is a nonlinear, labyrinth-type weir well suited for rehabilitation projects due to a relatively small footprint and the ability to pass large discharges for lesser upstream-head values when compared with other weir types. A critical component of a hydraulic structure is the energy-dissipative properties. Currently, information and guidance is limited, with previous energy dissipation studies of PK weirs primarily of specific projects. Therefore, to document and quantify energy dissipation, four laboratory-scale Type A PK weir models with different width ratios (Wi/Wo) were studied, with 255 tests comprising this new dataset, along with detailed observations of the flow field. Results were compared to existing published data regarding energy dissipation downstream of trapezoidal and rectangular labyrinth weirs. To support design efforts, two equations, both functions of head-water ratio (H/P) and Wi/Wo, are proposed to predict the relative residual energy downstream of PK weirs. The energy dissipation of PK weirs is largest at low flows and decreases in a logarithmic-like manner as flow increases. PK weirs with increased hydraulic efficiency, caused by an increase in Wi/Wo, resulted in slightly smaller energy dissipation values within the range 0.2 ≤ H/P ≤ 0.8. The energy dissipation of PK weirs was found to be relatively constant, independent of Wi/Wo, and in the ranges 0.07 ≤ H/P ≤ 0.2 and 0.8 ≤ H/P ≤ 0.95.
Risk and Resilience: A Case of Perception versus Reality in Flood Management
Authors: Agrawal Nirupama , Elliott Mark , Simonovic Slobodan
Published: April 2020

Canada’s vast regions are reacting to climate change in uncertain ways. Understanding of local disaster risks and knowledge of underlying causes for negative impacts of disasters are critical factors to working toward a resilient environment across the social, economic, and the built sectors. Historically, floods have caused more economical and social damage around the world than other types of natural hazards. Since the 1900s, the most frequent hazards in Canada have been floods, wildfire, drought, and extreme cold, in terms of economic damage. The recent flood events in the Canadian provinces of Ontario, New Brunswick, Quebec, Alberta, and Manitoba have raised compelling concerns. These include should communities be educated with useful knowledge on hazard risk and resilience so they would be interested in the discussion on the vital role they can play in building resilience in their communities. Increasing awareness that perceived risk can be very different from the real threat is the motivation behind this study. The main objectives of this study include identifying and quantifying the gap between people’s perception of exposure and susceptibility to the risk and a lack of coping capacity and objective assessment of risk and resilience, as well as estimating an integrated measure of disaster resilience in a community. The proposed method has been applied to floods as an example, using actual data on the geomorphology of the study area, including terrain and low lying regions. It is hoped that the study will encourage a broader debate if a unified strategy for disaster resilience would be feasible and beneficial in Canada.
Addressing Pluvial Flash Flooding through Community-Based Collaborative Research in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Goodrich Kristen A. , Basolo Victoria , Feldman David L. , Matthew Richard A. , Schubert Jochen E. , Luke Adam , Eguiarte Ana , Boudreau Dani , Serrano Kimberly , Reyes Abigail S. , Contreras Santina , Houston Douglas , Cheung Wing , AghaKouchak Amir , Sanders Brett F.
Published: April 2020

Pluvial flash flooding (PFF) is a growing hazard facing cities around the world as a result of rapid urbanization and more intense precipitation from global warming, particularly for low-resourced settings in developing countries. We present collaborative modeling (CM) as an iterative process to meet diverse decision-making needs related to PFF through the co-production of flood hazard models and maps. CM resulted in a set of flood hazard maps accessible through an online viewer that end-users found useful and useable for understanding PFF threats, including debris blockages and barriers to mobility and evacuation. End-users of information included individuals concerned with general flood awareness and preparedness, and involved in infrastructure and emergency management, planning, and policy. CM also showed that rain-on-grid hydrodynamic modeling is needed to depict PFF threats in ways that are intuitive to end-users. These outcomes evidence the importance and transferability of public health rationale for community-based research and principles used here including recognizing community as a unit of identity, building on strengths of the community, and integrating knowledge for the benefit of all partners.
Characterizing Nutrient Composition and Concentration in Tomato-, Basil-, and Lettuce-Based Aquaponic and Hydroponic Systems
Authors: Yang Teng , Kim Hye-Ji
Published: April 2020

Aquaponic nutrient studies often use various types of water containing high levels of mineral nutrients for water supply, making it difficult to accurately determine deficient nutrients limiting crop yield and quality across the systems. To avoid interference with background nutrients, we used reverse osmosis water in this study. The objectives were to identify critical nutrients that affect the yield and quality of cherry tomato-, basil-, and lettuce by characterizing nutrient composition and concentration in aquaponic systems in comparison to hydroponic systems. Daily release rate (mg L−1) of macronutrients derived from fish feed (41% protein, 1.1% phosphorus, 1% fish weight) was in decreasing order of SO4–S (16) > PO4–P (2.4) > NO3–N (1.0) > K (0.8) > Cl (0.5) > NH4–N (0.4) > Ca (0.2) > NO2–N (0.13) > Na (0.11) > Mg (0.02), in which daily inputs of Mg and Ca in aquaponics were found to be only 1–2% and 4–6%, respectively, of those in hydroponics. Subsequently, the average concentrations of all nutrients were significantly lower in aquaponics than in hydroponics during a 3-month production except for Cl, NH4–N, NO2–N, and Na. The concentration of Mg remained below 5 mg L−1 in all aquaponic systems, while the concentration of Ca rapidly decreased in tomato-based aquaponics, especially during fruiting. SPAD value (chlorophyll content) was associated with concentrations of leaf N, Mg, and/or Ca. Specifically, lower SPAD value was correlated with lower leaf Mg and Ca for tomato and lower leaf Mg for basil but neither Mg nor Ca for lettuce. The aquaponic solution contained nearly six-times higher Na than the hydroponic solution, resulting in three-times higher Na concentration in the edible portion of the crops. Compared to a lettuce-based aquaponic system, tomato- and basil-based systems retained more desirable water quality parameters (i.e., stable pH, lower temperature), had lower electrical conductivity (EC) via greater biomass production and, therefore, more efficient nutrient removal, and had lower feed conversion rate and higher fish biomass increment. Regardless of crop species, vegetative shoot biomass was significantly reduced in aquaponics than in hydroponics. However, the marketable yield of tomatoes was similar between aquaponics and hydroponics, while those of basil and lettuce were reduced in aquaponics by 56% and 67%, respectively, in comparison to hydroponics. Our results highlighted potential solutions to design proper nutrient management practices essential for the development of successful aquaponic production systems. Considering that ingested fish feed does not provide sufficient levels of Mg and/or Ca for crop production, it is suggested to supplement Mg before crop transplanting and Ca before fruiting of fruity crops to improve crop growth and quality in aquaponic systems, especially when high-quality water is used for water supply.
Colophon, contents, abstract, introduction, geological setting, previous work and material and methods
Authors: Schiøler Poul , Andsbjerg Jan , Clausen Ole R. , Dam Gregers , Dybkjær Karen , Hamberg Lars , Heilmann-Clausen Claus , Johannessen Erik P. , Kristensen Lars E. , Prince Iain , Rasmussen Jan A.
Published: April 2020

As a result of a lithological, sedimentological and biostratigraphic study of well sections from the Danish sector of the North Sea, including some recently drilled exploration wells on the Ringkøbing–Fyn High, the lithostratigraphic framework for the siliciclastic Palaeogene to Lower Neogene sediments of the Danish sector of the North Sea is revised. The sediment package from the top of the Chalk Group to the base of the Nordland Group is subdivided into seven formations containing eleven new members. The existing Våle, Lista, Sele, Fur, Balder, Horda and Lark Formations of previously published lithostratigraphic schemes are adequate for a subdivision of the Danish sector at formation level. Bor is a new sandstone member of the Våle Formation. The Lista Formation is subdivided into three new mudstone members: Vile, Ve and Bue, and three new sandstone members: Tyr, Idun and Rind. Kolga is a new sandstone member of the Sele Formation. Hefring is a new sandstone member of the Horda Formation. Freja and Dufa are two new sandstone members of the Lark Formation. Danish reference sections are established for the formations, and the descriptions of their lithology, biostratigraphy, age and palaeoenvironmental setting are updated.
Mapping of the CO2 storage potential in the Nordic region
Authors: Lyng Anthonsen Karen , Frykman Peter , Møller Nielsen Carsten
Published: April 2020

The concept of utilising available pore space in deep saline sandstone aquifers for storage of CO2 was recognised in the late 1980s. In 1996, the first commercial CO2 storage project began with injection into sandstones of the Utsira Formation in Norway. The formation is located above the Sleipner Formation from where the Sleipner field produces natural gas. The project was initiated due to a high CO2 content of the natural gas, which was subjected to a Norwegian offshore carbon tax. The natural gas is produced on the Sleipner platform where the CO2 is separated, captured and reinjected from a neighbouring platform. The potential for using the technology to reduce CO2 emissions from large stationary point sources initiated many research projects aimed at mapping areas with potential CO2 storage capacity around the world.
Studies on the Asian Regional Monetary Unification & ACU Model - based on the [10+4] FTA Initiative
Authors: Chaocheng Yao , Yi Deng
Published: April 2020

Though the phenomenon of “Counter-Globalization” occurred recently, economic globalization and regional economic integration are still the trends, especially as shown by the Asian economic integration process. The Asian regionalization is in very initial stage emerging in various cooperation mechanisms, forming a multi-level pattern of coexistence in the later erupted advantage.
Based on the theories of regional economics and the Optimal Currency Zone, within the [10+4] FTA considered frame inc. The ASEAN, China, India, Japan, and South Korea, an academic study is carried out comparing with the case of the European regionalization. The research will focus on conditions and barriers in the Asian currency unification process, and finally a corresponding step proposal to set up "the ACU Experimental Zones" together with a model is putting forward.
Case Studies of Value Creation on Integrated Reporting in Japan
Authors: Ito Dr. Kazunori
Published: April 2020

How to visualize the value creation process is a major issue in integrated reporting. If a strategy map of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is used, value creation and suppression of value loss can be visualized separately according to the strategic theme. The value creation process can be visualized by distinguishing between strategic themes in business strategy and strategic themes solving social issues. However, there is an issue in that companies that have not adopted the BSC cannot use strategy maps. For this reason, how to visualize the value creation process is a highly interesting topic to investigate.
The International Integrated Reporting Council's IIRC framework (2013b) mainly focuses on information disclosure to financial capital providers, and visualization of the value creation process focuses on value creation through business strategy. At the sametime, an IIRC discussion paper (IIRC, 2011) contained a proposal that also focused on suppression of value loss to stakeholders by solving social issues.
An Integrative Literature Review and Future Directions of Decent Work
Authors: Haiming HU , Yan Yan
Published: April 2020

The aim of decent work is to promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security, and human dignity. Previous researches show that decent work has a significant impact on talent strategy on the national level, competitive advantage on organizational level and work demand meeting on the individual level. Thus, it draws much attention to home and abroad scholars. This paper reviews the previous research on decent work definition, dimensions, status quo, and related variables. Based on the research results and combined with the conservation of resource theory, this paper clarifies the definition and structure of decent work from the management perspective. From the perspective of resource gain spiral and resource loss spiral, this research proposes a theoretical framework of "perception of decent work-work attitude-work behavior". Accordingly, this study proposes suggestions for improving decent work by focusing on the definition of decent work on individual perspective, decent work scale development, and relationship among decent work perception, work attitude, and behavior in future research.
Pengembangan Pembelajaran Sejarah Hots Zaman Now Melalui Model Problem Based Learning Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Historis Peserta Didik
Authors: Fitri Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Pada era sekarang ini, diperlukan inovasi sebuah model dalam pembelajaran sejarah untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan setelah mengikuti pembelajaran sejarah. Salah satu perubahan yang menjadi penciri (karakteristik) Kurikulum 2013 Revisi terletak pada standar proses bahwa pembelajaran harus mampu mengembangkan kemampuan berfikir peserta didik tingkat tinggi atau HOTS (Higher Order Thingking Skill). Tak terkecuali dalam Pembelajaran sejarah, salah satu tujuan yang diinginkan mampu dimiliki oleh peserta didik setelah mengikuti pembelajaran sejarah yaitu kemampuan berfikir historis dari peserta didik tersebut.Salah satu model yang bisa diterapkan dalam pembelajaran sejarah di era sekarang ini untuk menyesuaikan dengan karakteristik Kurikulum 2013 Revisi yaitu pengembangan pembelajaran HOTS adalah model pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan Problem Based Learning. Model pembelajaran ini cocok digunakan dalam pembelajaran sejarah guna mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berfikir historis peserta didik. Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Sejarah HOTS Zaman Now, Problem Based Learning, dan Berpikir Historis
Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Learning Tipe Jigsaw Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Sejarah
Authors: Sadiq Naovan Noor
Published: April 2020

Abstrak: dalam pembelajaran di kelas diperlukan adanya sebuah inovasi, tidak terkecuali dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran sangat bergantung kepada gurunya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan guru yang kreatif, imajinatif serta inovatif agar dapat mencapai keberhasilan dalam kelasnya. suasana kelas harus direncanakan sedemikian rupa sesuai dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran yang sesuai, sama halnya dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif learning tipe jigsaw di dalam kelas sejarah dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajara pada siswa.
Adult Bilinguals’ Orthographic Representations: Cognates vs. Non-Cognates in Complex English Word Spelling
Authors: Rigobon Valeria Maria
Published: April 2020

Spelling complex English words is more difficult than reading them, suggesting that spelling requires higher quality orthographic representations and a greater degree of word knowledge compared to reading. Without high-quality orthographic representations, spellers often rely on other information (e.g., phonological to orthographic encoding) to aid spelling. However, the quasi-regular nature of English orthography-to-phonology relations often render encoding strategies ineffective. This study examined whether alternative orthographic representations might facilitate the spelling of complex English words. Specifically, would English-Spanish bilingual university students benefit from orthographic similarities of English-Spanish cognates compared with non-cognates when spelling complex words? Cognates are words that share similar spellings and meanings across languages; given the Spanish orthography’s transparent nature, cognates might help inform English spelling. Bilingual students (n = 77) were asked to spell complex English words, half of which were Spanish cognates, with item-level spelling accuracy modeled using word-level (e.g., cognate status) and person-level (e.g., general reading ability) predictors. Results indicate that participants had a higher probability of spelling complex cognate words correctly compared to non-cognate words matched on other word features (e.g., frequency and word length). Findings from this study expand an interdisciplinary framework of understanding bilinguals’ lexical access and strength of orthographic representations across languages.
Model Pembelajaran Probing Prompting dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Sejarah
Authors: Imanuel Kristin
Published: April 2020

Dalam suatu pembelajaran di ruang kelas perlu adanya inovasi, tak terkecuali dengan pembelajaran Sejarah. Aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran sangat bergantung pada aktivitas seorang guru. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan guru yang kreatif dan imajinatif untuk mencapai keberhasilan tersebut. Suasana kelas perlu direncanakan sedemikian rupa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran yang tepat, seperti hal nya dengan model pembelajaran probing prompting di kelas sejarah sepatutnya dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar pada siswa dalam pembelajaran.Model pembelajaran Probing Prompting kiranya dapat memberikan inovasi atau variatif dalam pembelajaran sehingga dapat meingkatkan motivasi dan minat belajar yang tinggi terutama dalam pembelajaran sejarah.
Symmetric Hash Encryption Image as Key (SHEIK)
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India, Mnoj Sheik Khadar Ahmad , Bhaskari D Lalitha ,   Professor, partment, Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
Published: April 2020

Cloud storage model have become a widely accepted solution for the growing demand of online storage and remote accessing. Cloud service provider (CSP) provides the online storage facility for the cloud customer (CC) as per pay-by-use model. Data security still remains a threat for the CC to have a complete trust on the technology. The existing symmetric key algorithms to some extent have been successful in providing the confidentiality of the data. The main issue in implementing the algorithm is sharing of the key, if the key is known to others the security of the data is exploited. This paper tries to sort out the problem by making image as a key for the algorithm. The CC can perform the encryption before uploading the data to have the control of the process. The selection of the algorithm decides the key length to be extracted from the image making the method more secure and reliable for the CC. The experimental results have shown that the proposed Symmetric Hash Encryption Image as Key(SHEIK) method works satisfactorily for encrypting and decrypting the data efficiently.
Sustainability Reporting to Integrated Reporting: the Relationship Between Integrated Reporting Disclosure Quality (IRDQ) and Firm Performance
Authors:   Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam,Selangor, Malaysia., Amirrudin* Mira Susanti , Abdullah Mazni ,   Faculty of Business & Accountancy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Saleh Zakiah ,   Faculty of Business & Accountancy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Published: April 2020

The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) has developed an Integrated Reporting (IR) Framework in 2013 for better integration of financial and non-financial information and to improve corporate reporting. IIRC calls companies to prepare their annual report according to IR Framework. Given the new development of IR, research should examine the actual contents of IR and the effect of this reporting strategy on the performance or value of the company. It is essential to highlight that an IR is not merely combining two reports as one. It is a holistic view of the organisation by putting its performance and prospects, strategy and governance into its external environment. Using the data of 360 firm-year observations of IR companies, this study examines the quality of IR by developing an index which measures the quality of IR report and identifies if there is any relationship between IR and firm performance. The finding provides evidence that companies preparing high-quality IR report show a significant positive relationship with firm performance. This study contributes by providing empirical evidence on the benefits of adopting the IR Framework. The IR disclosure score from this study will be significant to the preparers of IR, policymaker and standard setters to assist in assessing IR’s potential as a vehicle to improve corporate reporting after the issuance of Framework in 2013.
Machine Learning Techniques for Speech Recognition using the Magnititudes
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, India., A*. Angeline Valentina Sweety , C. Dr. Gopala Krishnan ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, India., M. Mukesh Krishnan ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, India.
Published: April 2020

Speech is the most proficient method of correspondence between people groups. Discourse acknowledgment is an interdisciplinary subfield of computational phonetics that creates approaches and advances that empowers the acknowledgment and interpretation of communicated in language into content by PCs. It is otherwise called programmed discourse acknowledgment (ASR), PC discourse acknowledgment or discourse to content (STT). It consolidates information and research in the etymology, software engineering, and electrical building fields. This, being the best methodology of correspondence, could likewise be a helpful interface to speak with machines. Machine learning consists of supervised and unsupervised learning among which supervised learning is used for the speech recognition objectives. Supervised learning is that the data processing task of inferring a perform from labeled coaching information. Speech recognition is the current trend that has gained focus over the decades. Most automation technologies use speech and speech recognition for various perspectives. This paper offers a diagram of major innovative point of view and valuation for the fundamental advancement of speech recognition and offers review method created in each phase of discourse acknowledgment utilizing supervised learning. The project will use ANN to recognize speeches using magnitudes with large datasets.