bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential impacts of vaccine scandal by ethnic and socioeconomic factors: Evidence from China
Authors: Luan Mengna , Qi Qi , Shi Wenjing , Tao Zhigang , Bao Ying , Zhou Jiushun
Published: July 2023

Widespread vaccination against important diseases plays a key role for global health security, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, building and maintaining trust in immunization services remains challenging because of doubts about quality and safety of vaccines. China has periodically faced mounting pressure and even public outrage triggered by incidents of poor-quality vaccines. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) vaccine scandal of 2018 in China and the ensuing misinformation on vaccination, and investigate differential responses to the scandal by ethnic and socioeconomic factors. With data from January 2017 to December 2018 in Sichuan province, China, we used a difference-in-differences (DID) method to compare the changes in the county-level monthly DPT vaccinations against the hepatitis B vaccinations, both before and after the DPT vaccine scandal. We found that the number of DPT vaccinations decreased by 14.0 percent in response to the vaccine scandal and ensuing misinformation. The number of vaccinations in minority regions, under-developed regions, and regions with poor medical resources decreased more than in non-minority regions, developed regions, and regions with good medical resources (24.5 versus 10.1 percent, 17.3 versus 8.3 percent, and 17.0 versus 8.7 percent, respectively). People did more online searching for “Substandard vaccine” and “DPT vaccine” after the scandal, with the socioeconomically advantaged group searching more compared with the socioeconomically disadvantaged group. The results suggest the urgent need to make true information about the vaccine easily accessible over the internet, especially for the socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Our findings for China can also have implications for immunization service planning for better safeguarding public health in other countries, particularly developing ones.
An AI-based intervention for improving undergraduate STEM learning
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Rashedul , Khan Bilal
Published: July 2023

We present results from a small-scale randomized controlled trial that evaluates the impact of just-in-time interventions on the academic outcomes of N = 65 undergraduate students in a STEM course. Intervention messaging content was based on machine learning forecasting models of data collected from 537 students in the same course over the preceding 3 years. Trial results show that the intervention produced a statistically significant increase in the proportion of students that achieved a passing grade. The outcomes point to the potential and promise of just-in-time interventions for STEM learning and the need for larger fully-powered randomized controlled trials.
A nyelvi benyomáskeltés empirikus vizsgálati lehetőségei
Authors: Szabó Éva
Published: July 2023

A disszertáció célja a nyelvi benyomáskeltés vizsgálata a magyar anyanyelvűek nyelvhasználatában. A benyomáskeltés elsősorban szociálpszichológiai fogalomnak tekinthető, ugyanakkor a jelenség a pragmatikai vizsgálatokban is tetten érhető. A kutatás szociálpszichológiai és (szocio)pragmatikai megközelítéseken nyugszik, figyelembe veszi a nyelvhasználók lehetséges motivációit, a diskurzus és a szituáció tulajdonságait, a kulturális és szociológiai tényezőket is. A dolgozat különböző adatforrások alapján vizsgálódik, azaz multimédiás korpuszon (politikai vitaműsorok), kérdőíves felmérésen és diskurzuskiegészítéses teszten. Az adatforrások változatossága eltérő elemzési módszert követel meg. Az eredmények alapján különböző nyelvi benyomáskeltési taktikákat különböztethetünk meg a politikai vitaműsorokban, illetve újabb taktikák fedezhetők fel a hétköznapi nyelvhasználatban.
In the shoes of a farmer: (re)connecting the public with animal health and welfare in livestock production
Authors: Clark Beth , Mahon Niamh
Published: July 2023

The UK public is becoming increasingly disconnected from farming, yet shows an interest in how food is produced and how farm animals are raised. This article reflects upon a novel engagement activity aimed at facilitating conversations about farm animal health and welfare in the UK. We focus upon how: (1) the interactive design encouraged participation, and made the activity enjoyable; (2) the content and presentation facilitated non-judgemental conversations; (3) the activity was an opportunity to discuss an important topic; (4) the location and timing allowed the researchers to reach different publics; and (5) the activity enhanced the subsequent research and engagement programme. We conclude by highlighting the value of creative engagement methods for engaging members of the public with food and farming issues.
Connecting Neuroscience Principles and Education People Profile of Culture and Leadership: A Labour Market Approach
Authors: Lopes Albino Anjos , Barrosa Luis , Romana Fernando Acabado , Martins António Eduardo
Published: July 2023

Neurosciences, based on the founding idea of “neuroplasticity”, have helped to clarify the issue of initial (and integral) training of individuals based on the balanced structuring of the respective brain system. From what has been said, we would say that initial parental education, in times of an increasingly urban life (where parents delegate the education of children to school) does not seem to facilitate this balance of integrated development. It is important to discuss the connection between the neurosciences and education, concluding that this joint approach would be essential to guide quality levels and the researchers admit that the applicability of neuroscience research, for the improvement of pedagogy, has been, paradoxically, very limited. In general, we can define organizational culture as a set of beliefs, values and norms that influence the climate of a company, aligning employee behaviour and the strategic way in which the company positions itself in the market. Organizational culture is the essence of an organization. The supportive culture or clan culture presents a pleasant work environment, with a united organization that endures through loyalty and traditions, where interpersonal relationships are created, success is defended by teamwork, participation and consensus between employees and the organization. Leaders are considered mentors and there is a high level of commitment. In accordance with the updated works of Miranda, which seeks to reconcile the previous author and the OCAI model of R. Quinn and collaborators, a questionnaire was constructed, with twenty-eight questions, involving as many others adjectives that characterize a cognitive profile. In a first approximation, and taking only the descriptive statistics data into account, and taking only the sample data, there is a striking curiosity: the respondent students consider that the school made a visible and verifiable effort to correct the dominant profile. limbic pointing to a right cortical profile: intuition, entrepreneurship, vision.
On metonymy-based lexical innovations in Nigerian Pidgin English and Tok Pisin: A cognitive linguistic perspective
Authors: Kosecki Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

As contact languages, pidgins and creoles arise in mixed linguistic environments. Drawing much of their vocabularies from one, frequently European, language and – to a lesser extent – from a number of indigenous languages, they have lexicons that are reduced in comparison with those of their lexifiers. To compensate for the poor lexification, pidgin and creoles create novel polysemy-based extensions of lexical items or develop periphrastic constructions equivalent of the missing lexical roots. Assuming a cognitive linguistic perspective, which emphasizes the role of conceptualization in the construction of meaning and the figurative character of concepts, the paper deals with the lexicons of Nigerian Pidgin English and Tok Pisin, two contact languages representative for the Atlantic and the Pacific – the two major areas of linguistic contact. The analysis focuses on the first of the above-mentioned compensation strategies. It is argued that (i) the expressions borrowed from English and various indigenous languages acquire senses that are absent in English; (ii) the new senses are frequently based on metonymy, which serves as a major polysemy-based strategy of lexicon extension; (iii) most of the novel lexical extensions fall within the metonymic patterns that are well-established in English.
Prototypes in emotion concepts
Authors: Wilson Paul , Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara
Published: July 2023

Although we have gained great insight into the variety of cultural influences on emotion concept prototypes from a plethora of studies examining such cross-cultural effects, there has been relatively little academic focus on the nature of emotion concept prototypes within a cultural perspective. Our discussion of the nature of emotion concept prototypes centres on essentialist versus non-essentialist principles. We argue that at a general, decontextualised level, essentialist and non-essentialist principles predict similarity in the structure of emotion concept prototypes. We further argue that context is central in assessments of the nature of emotion concept prototypes from a cultural perspective. Rather than asking how emotion concept prototypes differ as a consequence of how certain influences might vary from one culture to another, a key question is whether emotion concept prototypes vary in different contexts within and between cultures and what this might inform us about the nature of emotion concept prototypes.
The emotional strain in community interpreting: Cognitive aspects of direct versus indirect address as observed by interpreters
Authors: Boczarski Przemysław
Published: July 2023

In Poland, as in most countries, interpreting (similarly to translation) is a free profession (apart from sworn translation and interpreting rendered by certified translators and interpreters) which does not adhere to any particular prescriptive code or officially accepted regulations. Efforts have been made both internationally and domestically to introduce a set of universal principles or a professional working framework on commercial and scholar grounds (various codes of conduct drafted by organisations worldwide) to standardise techniques and approaches to interpreting with the aim of establishing a set of practices to ensure high quality interpreting. Regardless of the prescriptive nature of such codes or guidelines and the work of scholars, one of the matters that is of essence and still seems open for discussion is the choice of the grammatical person in which interpreters render and relay interpreted messages to their clients. This article presents a short description of what community interpreting is, its place within the interpreting domain, and it focuses on the aspect of direct/indirect address (using first or third grammatical person, respectively, while interpreting), its emotional and cognitive strain which the interpreters experience, and related lexical and grammatical choices they consequently make. The purpose of the article is the identification of possible reasons of such choices on the basis of feedback received from professionally active interpreters (both as full-time and part-time interpreters) in diverse settings: business, community, remote interpreting. The study reveals that the choice of grammatical person depends on many factors, such as cognitive and emotional strain, personal preference, context, client, and, in most cases, it is not dictated by any code of conduct.
Das Virtuelle Koordinatenmessgerät – ein Digitaler Metrologischer Zwilling
Authors: Härtig Frank , Kniel Karin , Heißelmann Daniel
Published: July 2023

Koordinatenmessgeräte (KMG) sind universell einsetzbare Längenmessgeräte zur Erfassung dreidimensionaler Objekte. Bei einer Messung unterliegen die einzelnen Messpunkte individuellen Einflüssen, die zur Messunsicherheit der Messergebnisse beitragen. Sind alle signifikanten Einflüsse erfasst, kann ein Messprozess mit dem sogenannten Virtuellen Koordinatenmessgerät (VCMM) vollständig simuliert werden. Ein wesentliches Ziel des VCMM ist die automatische Berechnung eines Messergebnisses unter Angabe eines Messwertes und seiner zugehörigen Messunsicherheit. Dies ist insbesondere für die noch in der Entwicklung befindlichen Rückführung für dimensionelle Messaufgaben an Großbauteilen für die Windenergie von Bedeutung, da materielle Normale in der erforderlichen Größe oftmals nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Für derart neue metrologische Herausforderungen werden Digitale Metrologische Zwillinge (D-MT), die wie das VCMM einen Messprozess vollständig abbilden, von zentraler Bedeutung. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt erstmalig die Definition für einen D-MT und die daraus resultierenden grundlegenden Anforderungen. An Messaufgaben wird gezeigt, welche Kriterien für vertrauenswürdige Eingangsdaten eines D-MT erfüllt sein müssen. Darüber hinaus wird auf die wichtige Unterscheidung zwischen systematisch bekannten, systematisch unbekannten und zufälligen Abweichungen eingegangen. Abschließend wird beschrieben, wie die zuverlässige Nutzung eines D-MT validiert und quantifiziert werden kann.
Characterization of Partial Drainage during Medusa Flat Dilatometer Testing
Authors: Oberhollenzer Simon , Hauser Laurin , Brand Fabian , Marte Roman , Tschuchnigg Franz , Schweiger Helmut F. , Marchetti Diego
Published: July 2023

The flat dilatometer (DMT) is a widely recognized in situ test for site characterization and parameter identification. The penetration procedure is stopped periodically for total stress measurements (A, B, and C pressures) along a circular, expandable membrane, situated at one side of the blade. Changes in pore water pressure are not measured during test execution and are assumed to remain constant for data interpretation. The enhanced Medusa DMT equipment used in this study enables a fully automated test execution and requires no manual membrane expansion by the operator. Changes in pore water pressure can be studied by measuring the A pressure automatically over time at a defined membrane expansion. In the present study, Medusa DMT were executed at three test sites (Rhesi and Lokalbahn Salzburg in Austria; Fucino in Italy) to investigate, on the one hand, partial drainage effects in different soil types using variable membrane expansion rates and repeated A readings and on the other hand, to study the influence of partial drainage on existing correlations (used for parameter identification). The present results indicate that partial dissipation of generated excess pore water pressures occurs in a wide range of soils during test execution. The degree of dissipation can additionally be influenced by the soil heterogeneity, especially in silty soils. Soil parameters and intermediate parameters determined based on A readings are less influenced by partial drainage effects compared with parameters, derived from the difference of corrected B and A readings. The influence of partial drainage on the latter correlations increases in fine-grained soils, characterized by small differences in B and A pressure. Therefore, pressure readings should be corrected about partial drainage effects based on an enhanced testing procedure, considering repeated A readings (DMT-RA).
Deep Learning-based Handheld Device-Enabled Symptom-driven Recording: A Pragmatic Approach for the Detection of Post-ablation Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence
Authors: Chen Laite , Jiang Chenyang
Published: July 2023

Objective: Symptom-driven electrocardiogram (ECG) recording plays a significant role in the detection of post-ablation atrial fibrillation recurrence (AFR). However, making timely medical contact whenever symptoms occur may not be practical. Herein, a deep learning (DL)-based handheld device was deployed to facilitate symptom-driven monitoring.

Methods: A cohort of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) was trained to use a DL-based handheld device to record ECG signals whenever symptoms presented after the ablation. Additionally, 24-hour Holter monitoring and 12-lead ECG were scheduled at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-ablation. The detection of AFR by the different modalities was explored.

Results: A total of 22 of 67 patients experienced AFR. The handheld device and 24-hour Holter monitor detected 19 and 8 AFR events, respectively, five of which were identified by both modalities. A larger portion of ECG tracings was recorded for patients with than without AFR [362(330) vs. 132(133), P=0.01)], and substantial numbers of AFR events were recorded from 18:00 to 24:00. Compared to Holter, more AFR events were detected by the handheld device in earlier stages (HR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2, P<0.01).

Conclusions: The DL-based handheld device-enabled symptom-driven recording, compared with the conventional monitoring strategy, improved AFR detection and enabled more timely identification of symptomatic episodes.
Daganatos nőbetegek termékenységének megőrzése.
Authors: Vesztergom Dóra , Nánássy László , Polgár Csaba , Krádi Anna , Rosta Viktória , Varga Szilvia , Novák Zoltán
Published: July 2023

A daganatos megbetegedések incidenciája az életkorral nő. Azáltal, hogy a
családalapítás ideje egyre jobban kitolódik, folyamatosan nő azon daganatos
betegek száma, akiknél az onkológiai kezelések hatással lehetnek a későbbi
családalapításra. A nemzetközi irányelvek alapján minden fertilis korú pácienst,
beleértve a fiatalkorúakat is, tájékoztatni kell a tervezett onkológiai kezelés
termékenységet érintő káros következményeiről, és amennyiben indokolt,
fertilitásprezervációs eljárás tanácsos. A termékenység megőrzését célzó
eljárások alkalmazásával nagymértékben javul a páciensek életminősége, és a
gyógyulást követően esélyt kaphatnak a családalapításra. A nemzetközi
szakirodalom és ajánlások alapján összefoglaljuk a hazai daganatos nőbetegek
termékenységének megőrzésére szóba jöhető lehetőségeket. Jelen tanulmányunkban
az onkoterápiás eljárások gonadotoxikus hatásáról és a jelenleg rendelkezésre
álló fertilitásprezervációs eljárásokról írunk. Munkánk második részében az
egyes daganatos betegségcsoportokban szóba jöhető speciális lehetőségekkel
foglalkozunk. A két tanulmány alapjául szolgálhat egy hazai protokoll
kidolgozásának. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(28): 1094–1101.
Methodological features of the development of the communicative competence of local general practitioner in preventive counseling
Authors: Astanina S. Yu. , Kalinina A. M. , Shepel R. N. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2023

There is a contradiction between the need of teachers of internal medicine departments in the methodology for communicative competence (CC) of general practitioners in brief preventive counseling and the lack of evidence-based classes on CC formation in brief preventive counseling.

The existing contradiction made it possible to identify the research problem — the need to develop a methodology for the development of CC of general practitioners in brief preventive counseling.

In the context of the problem, the study aim was determined — to define the methodological features of CC formation in the general practitioner in brief preventive counseling.

To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: theoretical: theoretical analysis of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological and methodological literature; designing the educational process; experimental: direct and indirect pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, questioning, control sections.

The methodological features of CC formation are the simultaneous development of the intellectual and emotional fields of the doctor’s personality (communication skills in conducting all stages of brief preventive counseling) and the volitional field of the doctor’s personality (belief in the need to master the CC of doctor-patient interaction).

The method of doctor’s CC development is based on the technology of educational training. The content of the training is a system of three following components: cognitive component — knowledge of the regulatory framework for conducting brief preventive counseling; knowledge about the criteria for its effectiveness; features of the management and principles of implementation; emotional and motivational component — the formation of personally significant ideas about oneself as a subject of professional communication in the process of brief preventive counseling; the behavioral component is the formation of the doctor’s beliefs in the need to master communicative skills that ensure the formation of competence in brief preventive counseling.

The results of its experimental implementation for the formation of a doctor CC showed a high level of development: skills in conducting all stages of brief preventive counseling; beliefs in the need for the doctor to master the CC of doctor-patient interaction.
Ways to optimize preventive measures in areas remote from the regional center
Authors: Bulavko Ya. E. , Timofeev E. V. , Isakov V. A. , Kondratev G. V. , Sousova Ya. V. , Abdalieva Ch. A. , Alkak K.D.Yu. , Galenko A. S. , Ibraeva G. A. , Reeva S V.
Published: July 2023

Aim. To identify problems in the management of preventive examinations in remote areas, using the example of the Khvoininsky district of the Novgorod Oblast and ways to improve it. The article reveals the problems of managing preventive measures in the regions of the Russian Federation, remote from the regional center.

Material and methods. Observations and experience of preventive measures carried out by the staff of St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University within the "University — Region" project, data from electronic medical records of 178 patients were used.

Results. A high proportion of loss to follow-up was noted — 99 out of 278 (36%). The bulk was patients over 40 years old, who were assigned to health group IIIa. The difficulty of conducting medical examinations in a sparsely populated area is associated with insufficient awareness of the population, combined with low interest, a shortage of specialists, untimely necessary studies, a significant bureaucratic work, unstable Internet connection, and insufficient cancer awareness among medical workers.

Conclusion. Expanding the promotion and information component of preventive measures, increasing patient focus, combining the first and second stages of clinical examination into one with subsequent convenient routing of patients, introducing telemedicine technologies and portable diagnostic complexes, improving the professional knowledge and competencies of primary care physicians — all these activities are aimed at improving coverage of population, increasing the adherence of patients with effective medical follow-up.
Degree and depth of hardening under pendulum surface plastic deformation of carbon steel
Authors: Zaides S. A. , Quan Ho Minh
Published: July 2023

The article discusses influence of the main technological parameters of pendulum surface plastic deformation (SPD) on the mechanical properties of surface layer of cylindrical parts made of carbon steel. Using the hardness tester HBRV-187.5 and the microhardness tester HMV-G21, we determined hardness of the surface layer, microhardness and depth of the work-hardened layer of hardened parts. In addition, the results of calculating the hardening degree are presented, which is important information for evaluating the effectiveness of SPD method in terms of improving the metal mechanical properties. Experimental studies showed that after pendulum SPD (at different processing modes), hardness of the surface layer increases by 9 – 12 % compared to hardness of the original surface, and the microhardness increases by 1.5 – 1.7 times, which leads to a significant hardening of the cylindrical billet surface layer. Depth of the hardened layer varies in the range of 0.9 – 1.1 mm, while the hardening degree is 45 – 65 %. Using the software package Statistica 10.1, which allows solving optimization problems based on statistical analysis and building an optimization model, we determined the optimal modes of hardening by pendulum SPD. These modes simultaneously provide both the maximum depth of the hardened layer and the highest hardening degree of the surface layer. They are formed under the following processing modes: radial interference t = 0.15 – 0.2 mm; longitudinal feed s = 0.07 – 0.11 mm/rev; billet rotation frequency nb = 160 – 200 min−1; frequency of the working tool pendulum movement nt = 110 – 130 strokes/min; angular amplitude of the working tool α = 35 – 40°. According to the results of experimental data and numerical calculations, it was established that the average grain size in pendulum SPD decreases by 30 – 40 % compared to the initial size, and the dislocation density increases by 2.5 times.
Structure formation of Np-30KhGSA alloy in wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Anosov M. S. , Shatagin D. A. , Chernigin M. A. , Mordovina Yu. S. , Anosova E. S.
Published: July 2023

The use of metallic products 3D-printing is a modern, promising technology that improves production efficiency. However, using this technology is associated with a number of problems, for example, with increased microstructural heterogeneity and defects in metal. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out researches to identify 3D-printing modes ensuring the most homogeneous, stable and non-defect structure. In this work, a study was made of the process of structure formation of 30KhGSA steel in the process of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) under various printing modes. Microstructural analysis, microhardness measurement and fractal analysis were used for assessment of the obtained billets. In all surfacing modes, a significant structural inhomogeneity of the deposited billet was revealed, which is explained by the thermal effect of the deposited layer on the already crystallized metal. Nevertheless, we found the mode that gives the most favorable microstructure in terms of its uniformity and equiaxed grains. With an increase in WAAM heat input values, an increase in the productivity of the process is observed and a decrease in the number of pores in the material is recorded. However, when the heat input of the surfacing process exceeds 1000 J/mm, the structural inhomogeneity of the material increases and its microhardness significantly decreases. Based on the studies, as a WAAM 3D-printing mode for Np-30KhGSA alloy, a mode with a heat input of about 920 J/mm can be chosen, which provides the lowest structural inhomogeneity and a sufficiently high productivity of the growth process with the absence of defects in the form of pores and elements of not melted wire.
Using calcium-containing injection wire filled with electrolytic calcium in steel ladle treatment
Authors: Khoroshilov A. D. , Somov S. A. , Katolikov V. D. , Murysev V. A. , Bocherikov R. E. , Yarmukhametov M. R.
Published: July 2023

Aluminum is one of the most common deoxidizers; when it is used in the melt, refractory inclusions of alumina are formed. The presence of these non-metallic inclusions negatively affects the purity of liquid steel, mechanical properties, makes casting difficult due to tightening of the steel-pouring fittings. The modification of alumina inclusions with calcium promotes the formation of liquid calcium aluminates, which leads to an acceleration of their removal from the metal due to a higher ascent rate. Having a high affinity for sulfur, calcium reduces its harmful effect by binding it with the formation of calcium sulfides, reducing the anisotropy of steel properties during further rolling. For steel treatment with calcium, injection wires with a calcium-containing filler are used. As a filler can be used: electrolytic calcium, silicocalcium, aluminum-tremic calcium, or ferrocalcium. The paper describes results of the tests carried out on a calcium-containing wire filled with electrolytic calcium and silicocalcium. It is shown that the consumption of calcium when using silicocalcium wire is on average 35 % higher in comparison with calcium injection wire filled with electrolytic calcium. The calcium recovery rate for different steel grades was evaluated using calcium-containing wires of different designs and filler. In this work, the steel pourability was analyzed. As a determining parameter, dependence of change in position of the tundish stopper rod on calcium content in the metal was considered in the sample from CCM. It was established that a wire filled with electrolytic calcium shows a more effective result in comparison with a silicocalcium wire.
A method for studying the frequency stability of materials during tests for multi-cycle fatigue of steel
Authors: Myl’nikov V. V. , Dmitriev E. A.
Published: July 2023

For trouble-free operation without loss of elastic and inelastic properties of particularly critical elements of electrical-to-mechanical vibration converters during a long period of cyclic operation, it is necessary, in addition to studying the fatigue characteristics of materials used for their manufacture, to study these alloys for frequency stability, since minor deviations in the frequency of natural oscillations lead to unacceptable errors in the operation of such high-precision products. To carry out such studies, we developed and constructed an original installation, in which sinusoidal loading is carried out according to the “soft” scheme of flat samples cantilever bending operating in self-oscillation mode. The frequency of cyclic loading in this installation is generated by current pulses, which are a response to the frequency of the test sample natural oscillations converted using electronics.  As a result, frequency equality is achieved in the test process. An algorithm for calculating stresses depending on the loading amplitude of steel samples of different geometric shapes was developed. It is shown that the stress on the sample calculated by the deformation amplitude in all cases is 8 – 10 % higher than the stress calculated by the force, regardless of the shape of the proposed samples. To verify the proposed research method, martensitic-aging steel was tested at loads close to the fatigue limit, since frequency stability in this range is of great interest. We obtained the frequency characteristics in the multi-cycle test area. It was determined that with an operating time of 50 million loading cycles, the frequency change was 0.75 Hz. The dynamics of frequency stability was revealed: the frequency changed most intensively during the first 10 million loading cycles, during this time the frequency changed by 0.54 Hz.
unc-80 LoF Mutant Drug Repurposing/Confirmation Screening v1
Authors: J O'Brien Thomas
Published: July 2023

Combined protocol for conducting a drug repurposing screen of the MRCT FDA-approved compound library (743 compounds) to find drugs that rescue the behavioural phenotype of adult unc-80(syb1531) C. elegans mutants, or the following confirmation screen using a subset of 30 potential hits. Both screens follow the same timeline (i.e. 4h exposure of worms to drugs), but the initial screen simply has more drug plates and fewer well replicates compared to the confirmation screen.
Assessment of the quality of life of patients with abfraction tooth defects
Authors: Shashmurina Anna B. , Nikolaev Alexander I. , Shashmurina Victoria R. , Leshcheva Elena A.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of abfraction defects with respect to patients quality of life is relevant.
AIM: To analyze the results of the treatment of abfraction defects according to quality of life.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire survey of 158 people aged 3049 years was conducted. Group 1 (n=34) received the modified adhesive protocol (glutaraldehyde and an adaptive layer of flowable composite) as muscle relaxant mouthguard; group 2 (n=36), modified adhesive protocol, not used a muscle relaxant mouthguard; group 3 (n=31), basic adhesive protocol as muscle relaxant kappa; group 4 (n=27), basic adhesive protocol, did not use a muscle relaxant mouthguard; and group 5 (n=30), patients with intact teeth. The quality of life was assessed before treatment and 6 months and 1 year after tooth restoration. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) Quality of Life Questionnaire was used.
RESULTS: A good initial level of quality of life was found in 35.2% of patients with abfraction defects and a satisfactory one in 64.8%. The average quality-of-life score of groups 14 was 12.9 (95%, 12.413.3). Physical pain, with a score of2.73 (95%, 2.632.84), made the greatest contribution to the quality of life. Twelve months after treatment, groups 14 had a significant average decrease in OHIP-14 by 7.7%. The OHIP-14 score on the physical pain scale decreased in group 1 by 28.8%, group 2 by 25.2%, group 3 by 17.5%, and group 4 by 13.2%.
CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations of the abfraction defects of teeth significantly affect the quality of life of patients, particularly on physical pain and physical discomfort. The best dynamics of the quality of life was registered in patients who received the modified adhesive protocol and a muscle relaxant mouthguard.
Supporting morphometric determinants as a basis for the physical culture safety
Authors: Sankova Maria V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Gridin Leonid A.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Connective tissue failure is a predisposing factor for retraumatism, post-traumatic musculoskeletal diseases, and disability. The variety and polysystem clinical manifestations of this pathology hinder its prompt identification.
AIM: To identify pathognomonic morphometric determinants of high injury risk and apply them in the examination of individuals engaged in physical culture and sports.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period from October 2018 to March 2023, 117 patients with recurrent musculoskeletal injuries who underwent clinicо-somatometric examination and connective tissue assessment at Sechenov University and the European Osteopathic Clinical Center were recruited. Statistical data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and MedCalc 11.5.00 (Medcalc Software, Belgium).
RESULTS: The rates of dysplastic features were higher in patients with recurrent musculoskeletal injuries than in healthy controls. The morphometric determinants of a high injury risk were determined. In women, these included an asthenic build, joint hypermobility, soft auricles, hyperelastic skin, atrophic striae, telangiectasia, and varicose veins of the lower extremities. In men, these included chest deformities, arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, flat-valgus feet, and abdominal muscle diastasis. In the ontogenesis, a significant modification, and accumulation of dysplastic stigmas were noted. Of particular diagnostic value are universal, sex-, and age-independent predictors, which included a gothic palate, kyphoscoliosis, temporomandibular joint crunching during movements, O- or X-shaped legs, and moderate, or high myopia.
CONCLUSIONS: Biomedical support of sports activities should include the mandatory screening of the connective tissues. Timely and rapid diagnostics of the established pathognomonic morphometric determinants of a high risk of injury will help prevent musculoskeletal injuries, post-traumatic diseases, and disability, which are important for the physical culture safety and preservation of public health.
Diagnostic imaging of ovarian endometrioma rupture with hemoperitoneum
Authors: Ryazanov Vladimir V. , Sadykova Gulnaz K. , Zheleznyak Igor S. , Boykov Igor V. , Ipatov Victor V. , Postanogov Roman A.
Published: July 2023

An endometrioid ovarian cyst (known as endometrioma) is the most common variant of external endometriosis. Clinical symptoms range from asymptomatic to negatively affecting on quality of life and daily activities of a reproductive age woman. Rupture of an endometrioid cyst with hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity occurs in 3% of women with this pathology, which is a rare complication.
Ruptured endometrioid cysts may present a diagnostic and surgical challenge: patients may have acute abdominal symptoms and hemodynamic instability, also imaging of a ruptured endometrioid cyst may mimic ovarian malignancy. Therefore, the emergency radiologist needs to know the semiotics of an endometrioid cyst with rupture and hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity.
We represent the clinical case of a prime diagnosed large endometrioid cyst in a 32-year-old patient, complicated by hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity. In the emergency department, the patient underwent native computed tomography and ultrasound investigation.
Based on the study of Russian and foreign literature, the review was made about main aspects of radiation semiotics of endometrioid cysts with rupture and hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity and about of differential diagnosis of rupture of endometrioid cysts with ruptures of functional cysts and malignant cystic ovarian formations.
The method of restoration of the second class by G.V. Black
Authors: Gabaraeva Anna Sh. , Vorobyeva Yulia B. , Zheleznyak Vladimir A.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: It is known that the carious process is one of the main causes of the destruction of the integrity of the hard tissues of the tooth, especially caries of the contact surfaces of the lateral teeth, which gives the most frequent complications and is difficult to treat. The question arises of finding a new method of filling cavities of class 2 according to G.V. Black. One of the ways to improve the quality of treatment is to add a reinforcing component to the restoration.
AIM: To develop a method of restoration of extensive defects of hard tissues of teeth of the second class according to G.V. Black with additional reinforcement, to study this method in an experiment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The removed teeth were dissected under the cavities of the 2nd class according to G.V. Blank, the wall thickness was measured using a dental micrometer, the cavities were treated with a Single Bond Universal adhesive system, the samples were divided into 2 groups, the cavities were sealed according to the classical technique with 3M ESPE Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative composite material and according to the developed method using a thread with composite material (dental fiber light-cured formed CATERPILLAR), after the restoration of the teeth they were subjected to metered pressure on a testing machine, a hardness tester, a trademark Shimadzu.
RESULTS: When conducting studies in samples of class 2 according to G.V. Black, where the tooth walls are more than 3 mm with the use of a thread with a composite, the compression force increased by 455.4 N. in comparison with the generally accepted method of filling with a composite, by 53%, respectively. In the group of class 2 according to G.V. Black, where the walls are less than 3 mm, sealed with a thread with a composite, the compression force increased by 660.21 N compared to the classical sealing technique, therefore, the quality of sealing increased by 105%.
CONCLUSION: The Method of restoration of molars in case of significant destruction of the crown part of the tooth has been developed (RF Patent No. 2783060). A method for restoring defects of the second class according to G.V. Black using a composite tape as a reinforcing component is proposed. During the experiment on the Shimadzu bursting machine, it was revealed that restorations performed using composite tape have better physical and mechanical properties than restorations performed exclusively with composite material.
Focus on the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticosteroids in experimental acute lung injury
Authors: Voloshin Nikita I. , Zamiralova Yuliya A. , Pugach Victoriya A. , Salukhov Vladimir V. , Tyunin Mikhail A. , Kharitonov Mikhail A. , Odintsova Irina A. , Slizhov Pavel A. , Minakov Aleksey A. , Slutskaya Dina R.
Published: July 2023

AIM: Assessment of the effect of various doses of dexamethasone as an inflammation modulator in experimental lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute lung injury in rats was modeled by intratracheal administration of cell wall lipopolysaccharide from the Salmonella enterica. White male rats were divided into groups: a group of intact animals (n = 10); the control group (n = 40), in which the animals were simulated acute lung injury without further treatment and removed from the experiment on day 3; three experimental groups (n = 40), in which, 3 hours after modeling acute lung injury, and then daily once a day for 3 days, dexamethasone solution was administered intraperitoneally in the following doses: in group 1 0.52 mg/kg (equivalent to 6.0 mg/day for a person), in group 2 1.71 mg/kg (20.0 mg/day for a person), in group 3 8.0 mg/kg (94.0 mg/day, pulse therapy for humans). On the 3rd day, blood samples were taken from the caudal vena cava in surviving animals for clinical analysis and evaluation of the function of mitochondria of peripheral blood leukocytes. To determine the severity of local inflammatory reactions and pulmonary edema, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed with the study of an endopulmonary cytogram and an assessment of pathomorphological changes in the lung tissue.
RESULTS: indicate that dexamethasone reduces the amount of lung tissue damage and animal mortality, dose-dependently reduces the functions of mitochondria and the number of lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood, as well as neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage samples.
CONCLUSION: The use of dexamethasone at a dose of 0.52 mg/kg (equivalent to 6.0 mg/day for humans) is accompanied by better survival, minimal effect on the viability and functional activity of inflammatory cells. Pulse therapy leads to a significant decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells in bronchoalveolar lavage, mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of a decrease in the ability of these cells to use the reserve power of mitochondrial respiration in response to the action of a stress factor. Excessive inhibition of immunocompetent cells can contribute to the activation of latent and opportunistic infections, which must be taken into account when choosing a dosing regimen for glucocorticosteroids.
Suça Sürüklenen Çocuklarda Yargıtay Bozma Kararlarına Göre Adli Psikiyatrik Raporlarda Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar
Authors: Bertizlioğlu Osman , Çelik Cemil
Published: July 2023

Objectives: It is aimed to determine the causes of supreme court reversal in the field of forensic psychiatry on Juvenile Delinquents and identifying to issues be considered while preparing a report.
Materials and Methods: From website of the Supreme Court https://karararama.yargitay.gov.tr/YargitayBilgiBankasiIstemciWeb/,  691 reversal decisions on forensic psychiatric issues regarding juvenile delinquents were examined by using the words: “child psychiatry”, “child and adolescent mental health”, “child at the age of discretion”, “mental health, child”, “perceiving the legal meaning and consequences, directing their behaviour” and “the child delinquent”.
Results: It was determined that the most common reason for reversal in the evaluation of criminal responsibility by age in children (n:208, 36.3%) was the absence of social examination report or forensic psychiatric report, used of reports prepared for past crimes in the trial process, the second most common reason (n:169, 29.5%) was the reports which weren’t prepared duly and found insufficient in terms of content. In the evaluation of criminal responsibility due to mental illness, it was seen that the most common reason for reversal (n: 154, 40.5%) was that although mental illness was stated in the history of psychiatric illness, insufficient investigation was carried out on this subject, and that the second most common reason for reversal was (n: 130, 34.2%) the decision was made before delegation report was received.
Conclusion: It is important for the prepared reports to contain complete, reasoned and clear opinions, to prevent grievances due to the judicial process, and to protect the best interests of the child.
Samsun’da Yaşlılık Dönemi Travmalarının Özellikleri ve Sonuçları: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma
Authors: Kuloğlu Muhammet Mustafa , Aydın Berna , Turla Ahmet , Levent Fulya Zeynep
Published: July 2023

Objective: Traumas belonging to the population aged 65 and over continue to be a prominent health problem in the 21st century. In this study, we aimed to understand and illuminate the geriatric trauma cases admitted to the regional hospital in Samsun.
 Methods: The files and records on the hospital automation system of the cases aged 65 and over who came to the Emergency Department of Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine between 01.01.2011 and 31.12.2020 as a result of a traumatic event were retrospectively examined. The cases in our study were evaluated in terms of demographic characteristics, events that occurred, injured body area, hospitalization and length of stay, existing comorbidities, mortality.
 Results: Of the total 1960 cases, 65.8% of the cases were male and 34.2% were female. At the date of the event, 62.8% of the cases were in the 65-74 age range. The most common (36.1%) type of event was falling. It is found that the most (36.7%) frequently injured body area is the head and neck region, and the least (5.9%) is the pelvis. 68.7% of the cases were hospitalized and 135 cases died.
Conclusion: The elderly population, which has begun to take a greater role in both social and business life; increased risk with trauma. Advancing age and existing comorbidities lead to a more serious outcome of trauma in the elderly compared to the young. Physicians should be cautious about performing a detailed examination, especially in terms of inadequacy in the records and suspicion of abuse/negligence.
Фармакоэкономическая оценка лекарственного обеспечения химиотерапии мелкоклеточного рака легкого
Authors: Лунева Елена А.
Published: July 2023

Введение. За последние десятилетия значительно продвинулся фармакоэкономический анализ множественных заболеваний: в частности, наиболее распространенным является анализ экономической эффективности. Химиотерапия остается ведущим и наиболее эффективным методом лечения мелкоклеточного рака легкого, на долю которого приходится более четверти всех других форм рака органов дыхания.
Материалы и методы. Проведена оценка заболеваемости раком легкого и его вероятных причин. Основными методами, использованными в исследовании, были анализ «стоимости лечения», анализ ABC/VEN и анализ «затраты – эффективности». Оценивались также показатели выживаемости (количество лет или месяцев, интервал и среднее число лет/месяцев) и стоимость месяца жизни.
Обсуждение. Результаты, полученные на основе анкетирования больных раком легкого, свидетельствуют о том, что ведущим фактором риска является курение – 24,9%. Автор выделил самые дорогие лекарственные препараты стоимостью 60-80% бюджета, то есть схема 2 «этопозид + карбоплатин», и наименее дорогие лекарственные препараты стоимостью 5-10% бюджета, являющиеся вспомогательными лекарственными препаратами. Согласно результатам исследования, пациенты, получающие лечение по схеме химиотерапии «этопозид + карбоплатин», имеют самую высокую выживаемость при наибольшей стоимости лечения по сравнению с пациентами, получающими наименее дорогостоящую схему химиотерапии «циклофосфамид + доксорубицин + винкристин».
Заключение. Доказательная комплексная фармакоэкономическая модель оценки лекарственного обеспечения химиотерапии при мелкоклеточном раке легкого улучшает регистрацию анамнезных случаев и позволяет проводить фармакоэкономический анализ экономической эффективности с учетом особенностей каждого пациента.
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