bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The current state of springs – geological monuments of nature (Belgorod oblast, Volokonovskiy district)
Authors: Novykh L L , Zhunenko E A , Novykh I E , Belousova L I , Kireeva-Genenko I A
Published: January 2022

The current state of springs which belongs to natural monuments of regional significance on the territory of the Volokonovskiy district (Belgorod oblast) was considered, special attention is paid to three objects that are included in the group of hydrological - hydrogeological monuments of nature. Extremely uneven distribution of hydrological-geological monuments of nature on the territory of the oblast was determined. During the continuation of monitoring studies, certification of the studied springs, assessment of sanitary and technical condition, recreational and cultic significance was carried out. The differences of springs in their outputs, the karst nature of some of them, and irregular use for recreational purposes have been ascertained. Springs have ceased to be «gushing». The necessity of continuing monitoring of the state of springs and further work on the development of criteria for classifying them as geological monuments of nature, as well as the coordination of the status of such springs at different levels was substantiated.
Study of the natural mineral sorbents’ absorption properties of the Ural region (Russia)
Authors: Baikin Yu , Vashukevich N , Serebrennikova A , Gusev A , Belichev A
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the sorption properties of natural mineral sorbents from deposits located in the Ural (Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Chelyabinsk regions). For the experiments, the following natural sorbents were used: bentonite clays with an admixture of carbonate inclusion; flasks - dense, slightly porous rocks consisting of the smallest particles of biogenic silica; diatomite; glauconites- layered low-temperature ferruginous micas; calcined vermiculite. The absorption capacity in relation to heavy metals: copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, arsenic has been investigated. The are no significant differences in the completeness of sorption between the studied sorbents, all of them can be successfully used under certain conditions for ecological and geochemical recultivation of soils contaminated with HMs. Separately, the influence of sorbents on the copper and chromium absorption as the largest soil pollutants in the Urals was considered. Experiments have shown that copper in the form of a bivalent cation is well sorbed by all sorbents, while chromium in the form of a complex anion (in a hexavalent form) is practically not sorbed. To ensure a proper chromium sorption effect, it was decided to preliminary transfer it into a trivalent cationic form by a reducing agent, which was ferrous ammonium sulfate - FeSO4·(NH4)2·SO4·6H2O. The reduction of chromium to a trivalent cation increases the sorption completeness to 94-99%.
Historical memory as a factor in the development of agriculture in Udmurtia
Authors: Bashev A V , Kozlovsky S V , Smirnova L V , Uvarov S N
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the preservation of historical memory in the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy and the transfer of teachers’ experience to future specialists of the agro-industrial complex. This work uses information from catalogs, exhibitions, expositions of the university, as well as information obtained as a result of interviewing experts-heads of museums. It is shown how the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy pays great attention to the preservation of the continuity of generations. The introduction of students to the cultural heritage, the memory of their ancestors plays an important role in improving the quality of training of agricultural university students. A specialized museum forms many important properties and professionally orients a future specialist. It is in such a museum that a student can get the experience of personal contact with historical reality, samples of culture. He will gain the joint experience with time through a space containing values that have been preserved by historical memory. Eventually to be inspired by the idea of applying the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in practice, in farms. This is especially important in conditions of weak settlement of young specialists in rural areas. The feeling of professional pride does not arise by itself, it is formed gradually by getting acquainted with the cultural heritage. Thus, the museum in an agrarian university carries a heavy burden in the promotion of agrotechnical knowledge and the training of highly qualified agricultural specialists. It is concluded that the historical memory also acts as an important factor in the agriculture development in Udmurtia, contributing to its staffing.
Socio-economic mechanisms for the development of rural labor potential of Ryazan region
Authors: Konkina V S , Pikushina M Yu , Shashkova I G
Published: January 2022

The conditions of uncertainty and risk, as well as the serious challenges facing the modern agro-industrial complex, determine new requirements for staffing. However, it is impossible to solve these problems without the formation of a solid socio-economic base, the creation of optimal working and living conditions in rural areas. Assessment of the demographic prerequisites for the formation of human resources has made it possible to establish the growth of negative trends in the size and composition of the rural population. The annual rate of decline in the number of rural residents does not slow down, which is associated with a low birth rate and an intensive outflow of the population. Disparities in age and sex composition are also growing, which will lead to an aggravation of the crisis of labor shortage in the countryside. The analysis of social conditions has showed, that despite the improvement in living conditions, the quality of life in the countryside remains low in comparison with the urban environment and average for the region indicators. The level of average wages of rural workers in recent years has increased, but has not reached the average ones for the region and remained several times lower than other sectors of economic activity. The development of the labor potential of rural areas is possible by creating conditions for solving the problem of employment. The analysis has made it possible to develop a set of socio-economic measures aimed at developing labor potential for each age group of the population. The formulated impacts will make it possible to carry out quantitative and qualitative changes in characteristics of labor resources, both at micro and macro levels.
Integration of logistic principles into resource-saving technologies, precision and organic farming
Authors: Moisseyenko O V , Bobkov S I , Kozlova M F , Jabassova Zh G , Kukhar V S
Published: January 2022

The article presents an analysis of technical means and logistics principles used in the agro-industrial complex of the northern region of Kazakhstan in the implementation of resource-saving technologies, precision and organic farming. The analysis of scientific and technical literature and the production situation shows that the use of individual elements of the precision farming system in various technologies can increase labor productivity by up to 10% and reduce the total costs of cultivating crops by up to 25%, and the use of modern high-performance machine complexes equipped with recommended elements of the precision farming system can increase productivity by 1.7…2.3 times compared to the existing fleet of agricultural machinery. In turn, compliance with the logistics principles of resource provision of agricultural entities at the regional level at the present stage of development is an objective condition for their successful functioning. The allocation of resources should ensure the formation of effective logistics systems that guarantee the refinement of resources to places of consumption in accordance with the interests of all economic entities using resource-saving technologies, precision and organic farming.
Cultivation technology and efficiency of berry crops production in the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region
Authors: Medelyaeva Z P , Nozdracheva R G , Mikulina Yu S , Golikova S A
Published: January 2022

Different berry products are currently in high demand in the Russian market. Berry plantation establishment is a labor-intensive process that requires a comprehensive assessment of the suitability of the plot for intensive cultivation of berry crops, justification of planting patterns, and cultivation technologies, as well as calculation of labor, material and monetary costs. The government of the Russian Federation increased support of agricultural producers in the form of subsidies at the stage of establishing of plantation. Subsidies are also provided for expenditures connected with caring for berry-producing shrubs before coming into commercial fruiting. Calculations have been carried out according to the stages of cultivation (soil preparation; planting of a berry plantation; caring for young plantings; caring for fruit-bearing plantings), confirming the effectiveness of berry plantation establishment, production and sales potential of berry crops in the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region.
Increase in grain combine harvester performance and in quality of harvesting grain crops
Authors: Maslov G G , Yudina E M , Rinas N A
Published: January 2022

Based on the analysis of the results of combine harvester production tests and the long-term studies, carried out by the authors, the directions for increase in combine harvester productivity and in grain crop harvesting quality, are proposed. In three blocks of directions for increasing the combine harvester efficiency, a new direction of completing multifunctional harvesting units, joining together grain harvesting with simultaneous performance of one of the accompanying operations (stubble plowing, straw pressing, sowing catch crops, etc.), is found. The acquisition of multifunctional harvesting units is based on self-propelled, all-wheel-drive harvesters, trailed and mounted on a power unit such as “Palesse” (Belarus). The original unit can be completed on the basis of a “Penha” pull-type combine (Brazil). Among other directions of combine efficiency increasing, the observance of the rhythm and flow of the working process is substantiated, the attention is paid to the complex performance of the harvesting period. Attention is also paid to the obligatory coordination of the relationship between combine parameters and harvesting conditions: field size, crop yield, combine nominal performance, working speed, header cutting width. The following is an example of the effective operation of a rotary combine harvester in comparison with a beater-drum one and its significant influence on the winter wheat grain quality of strong varieties. It has been proved that due to reducing the grain injury by the rotary threshing-separating unit, post-harvest ripening and cleaning on thrashing floor, it is possible to increase the grain quality indicators by one class.
Recycling of animal waste
Authors: Kasatkin V V , Kasatkina N Yu , Ignatyev S P , Litvinyuk A A
Published: January 2022

The growth of the number of farm animals and poultry contributes to the growth of environmental problems. Recycling of animal waste will solve these problems, as well as obtain organic fertilizers and additional energy sources. The purpose of the research is to develop technological solutions that allow organic waste from agricultural production to be involved in the production of secondary marketable products and energy resources. At the initial stage of processing, organic waste is sent to methane fermentation in the methane tank. The resulting biogas is used to obtain the thermal energy necessary to maintain the temperature of methane fermentation and to dry organic fertilizers laid for storage. The substrate at the outlet of the methane tank mixed with filler is sent to the production of compost, including using vermiculture. The carbon dioxide formed during the combustion of biogas, to increase the efficiency of the process of recycling organic waste from animal husbandry, is used for air nutrition of plants. Thus, the technology proposed as a result of the theoretical synthesis will allow reducing the environmental burden from agricultural production, as well as obtaining marketable products and secondary energy resources.
The role of greening in the formation of the urban environment on the example of the residential area in Izhevsk
Authors: Prokosheva K Yu , Absalyamova S L , Absalyamov R R , Pozdeev D A
Published: January 2022

The issue of greening urban areas has become especially acute lately. In many cities, there is a negative trend of infill development in existing residential neighborhoods. At the same time, public spaces with elements of landscaping and park zones are primarily affected. The situation is not always favorable with greening in newly built residential areas. There are miscalculations in the selection of the plants’ assortment and the implementation of the project as a whole. The aim of the study was to assess the sanitary and hygienic state of trees, shrubs and lawns. According to the work program, a cameral study of landscaping projects was carried out on the territory of the urban settlement on Bersha Street. The existing landscaping areas were calculated and their compliance with the current landscaping standards was revealed. Recommendations have been developed for the selection of planting material for landscaping in new urban settlements in Izhevsk from the point of view of the oxygen-producing plantings’ function.
Agrobiological evaluation of narrow-leaved lupin varieties in the conditions of the Middle Urals
Authors: Kokonov S I , Ryabova T N , Babaytseva T A , Yastrebova A V
Published: January 2022

Research and production introduction of the multipurpose use of narrow-leaved lupin varieties in fodder production in the region will increase the agricultural efficiency with developed dairy cattle breeding. The aim of the research was to study the adaptive properties of narrow-leaved lupin varieties in the Udmurt Republic, to analyze the efficiency of its cultivation. The studies were carried out in the southern agroclimatic region of the Udmurt Republic on gray forest soil. The arable soil layer was characterized by a humus content of 2.1-2.6%, mobile phosphorus - 100-101 mg/kg of soil, mobile potassium - 101-170 mg/kg of soil, and pH KCl from moderately acidic to almost neutral (5.0 -5.6). By the content of crude protein (32%) in grain, narrow-leaved lupin is the leader in the region among leguminous crops. During the research period, a relatively high yield of 1.36-4.95 t/ha was formed by Snezhet’ variety. Varieties Snezhet’ and Vector (S2d = 0.05…0.14) were distinguished by their high resistance to changes in agro-ecological conditions. The combination of ecological plasticity indicators (bi = 0.60) and phenotypic stability (S2d = 0.60) of Crystal variety indicates its high adaptive properties.
Methods of air disinfection in livestock premises with a combination device
Authors: Shavkunov M L , Lekomtsev P L , Korepanov A S , Gavrilov R I
Published: January 2022

In agricultural premises, the air environment contains many pathogenic microorganisms. The spread of microorganisms occurs from animals, room surfaces, with ventilation air from wet feeds. Microorganisms spread over long distances with the help of aerosols. Retention of various microorganisms on aerosols can take up to four hours. To exclude infection, it is necessary to clean, disinfect and deodorize the air. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of air disinfection in agricultural premises. Measurements of microbial contamination of the air were made by bacteriological culture test using Petri dishes, before and after disinfection of the air in the premises. The results were processed in a microbiological laboratory. Calculations of bactericidal efficacy were carried out. The combination of an electric air filter and an ultraviolet lamp Phillips TUV 15W/G5 T8 showed the best results of airflow disinfection. The operation of the unit does not affect animals, since the concentration of ozone released is more than five times lower than the maximum permissible concentration for animals. Consequently, animals receive dust-free and disinfected air, which leads to a decrease in animal mortality and, possibly, to an increase in their productivity.
Sustainable development and environmental situation in forest resources of the Central Black Earth region
Authors: Krupko A E , Nesterov Yu A , Rogozina R E , Derevyagina M V
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work is to identify geographical features, factors and problems of forest resources of the Central Black Earth region and their impact on the sustainable development of the region. Low forest cover of the territory with long-term degradation of forest resources, low level of reforestation is characteristic of the Central Black Earth Region, which requires in-depth analysis of factors and trends in the development of forest management of the region. Results. The analysis of the development of forest management shows how difficult the environmental situation with forest resources of the district is. The main indicator is the forest cover of the territory in the CCR does not reach 9%. At the level of municipal districts, it is often 1.5-3%, which indicates an environmental disaster. Taking into account the trends and features of modern nature management, on the basis of our work we can conclude that the great degradation and reduction of forest resources determines the crisis, and in many places the catastrophic state of nature, which determines the need for transition to the expanded reproduction of forest resources - simple forest conservation is no longer enough.
The effect of silicon humic preparation on the biometrics of spring wheat germinated under stress
Authors: Smirnova Yu D , Fomicheva N V
Published: January 2022

Fluctuation of climatic conditions negatively affects the yield of farmers. To compensate for stress factors, various preparations are used, humic and silicon-containing preparations have been widely introduced. The silicon-humic preparation BoHum-K, obtained on the basis of a humic preparation and amorphous silicon oxide, is being tested at VNIIMZ. The studies were carried out with BoHum-K containing various amounts of SiO2. A laboratory experiment was carried out on wheat grown under simulated abiotic stresses. The preparation was used for pre-sowing seed treatment and spraying of seedlings. The obtained data on the biometrics of seedlings indicated that the use of a silicon humic preparation reduced the negative impact of simulated stresses. When treating seeds before sowing, the greatest increase in biometric indicators was noted with the use of BoHum-K with a silicon oxide content of 0.5% when simulating a decrease in temperature after sowing: the average length of the seedling increased by 10.1%, the raw weight by 14.3%, dry weight - by 10.9% compared with the control variant. When applying the spraying technique, depending on the simulated stress, the leaders were BoHum-K [0.1%] and BoHum-K [0.5%], the biomass increments were up to 20.0%. In general, according to the experiment, the increase in the biomass of seedlings from spraying wheat with BoHum-K [0.5%] averaged 12.7%, from seed soaking - 8.9%, which indicates the advantage of non-root treatment.
Food technology management based on the implementation of innovative principles and approaches
Authors: Krivenko E I , Malitskaya V B , Chirkova M B , Zaporozhtseva L A , Tkacheva Yu V
Published: January 2022

The domestic food industry was chosen as the object of research in the work, since this sector of the national economy contains the goals and objectives of a nationwide scale. The effectiveness of the functioning of the latter depends not only on economic indicators, but also on social and political ones. The work assesses the trends in the development of the food industry, as well as the level of innovative development of the food industry in Russia; the main directions of innovative transformations, the most relevant for the sphere of domestic food production, are highlighted; the specifics of organizing and conducting innovative management decisions in the real practice of management have been determined; a complex of problems has been formed that hinder the innovative development of food production; analysis of methods of state support for food enterprises in terms of modernization and increasing the level of innovation activity; examines the stages of introducing innovations into a real production process; a list of the most relevant and promising innovative technologies implemented in modern food production is provided; a list of key factors has been determined that have a direct impact on the process of introducing innovative technologies in the field of food production; actual errors were formed in the course of development, testing and implementation of innovative technological solutions in industrial production activities; separate recommendations are given in order to improve the efficiency of the implementation of innovative transformations at food industry enterprises in Russia.
Dynamics of agribusiness product-institutional shifts
Authors: Shestakov R B , Yakovlev N A , Buyarov A V , Zvereva G P , Volchenkova A S
Published: January 2022

In the work with the help of classical regression analysis, changes in the structure of farm types were investigated depending on the indices of agricultural production and its belonging themselves to a particular category. As a dependent variable, the annual percentage differences in the typical structure of farms were used, and as independent – the index of agricultural production over the past period and the interaction of this index with the types of farms. According to the received model, the most significant factors were identified, including the categories of agricultural organizations and households, as well as the interaction of the production index with the household’s category. This fact confirms the scientific opinion that personal subsidiary farms continue to play a significant role in the country’s agrarian production, and it is necessary to consider in the formation and implementation of agro-industrial development strategies of different levels.
The influence of natural climatic conditions on the species diversity of insects in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Chelyabinsk region
Authors: Makarova T N , Chernyshova L V , Bazhenova I A , Ulitina O S
Published: January 2022

The influence of natural climatic conditions on the species diversity of insects in the cereal-grass biocenosis on the territory of peasant farm “Markovo-1” located in the southern forest-steppe zone of Chelyabinsk region has been studied. During the survey of entomofauna on the territory of peasant farm “Markovo-1” 19 herpetobiont species have been identified in the biocenosis which are represented by 9 families. 51 species of hortobionts belonging to 8 orders and 25 families were identified. Entomofauna was represented by the following orders: Dragonflies (Odonata), Coleopterans (Coleoptera), Dipterans (Diptera), true Hemipterans or bugs (Hemiptera), Neuropterans (Neuroptera), Lepidopterans (Lepidoptera), Orthopterans (Orthoptera), Hymenopterans (Hymenoptera). 421 herpetobionts and 482 hortobionts were identified in the cereal-grass biocenosis. Insects of the order Coleoptera belonged to 16 families and 32 species. The largest number of species were the representatives of the family of Ground beetles (Carabidae) and Lamellate beetles (Scarabaeidae) (5-6 species). The number of other families of this order was not so significant (1-3 species). Insects of the Lepidoptera order were represented by 6 families and 15 species. During the phytosanitary control of the studied agrocenosis the economic thresholds of insect harmfulness were determined. According to the results of the survey of the territory of the farm several species of insect pests the representatives of different orders and families true Hemipterans or Bugs (Hemiptera) the family of shield Bugs (Pentatomidae), the species of Corn Bugs (Eurygaster integriceps) were found from the discovered herpetobionts and hortobionts. Order Lepidoptera, family - Scoops (Noctuidae), species - Winter Scoops (Agrotis segetum Den.et Schiff.); family - Fireflies (Pyralidae), species - Meadow Moth (Pyralidae); family of Weevils (Curculionidae), beetroot Weevil Species (Bothynoderes punctiventris G.). A species Click Beetle (Agriotes sputator L.) belonging to the family of Click Beetles (Elateridae) is found only once.
Assessment of the influence of key factors of the rapeseed drying process using electric radiant film heaters on germination ability and germination energy
Authors: Popov V M , Epishkov E N , Afonkina V A , Krivosheeva E I
Published: January 2022

Drying of any crop is a complex technological process, accompanied by a change in the content of not only the amount of moisture in them, but also useful substances and properties. The improvement of the drying technology of small-seeded crops should be aimed at preserving the sowing qualities of seeds (germination ability and germination energy), therefore, the assessment of the quality of rape plant seeds after the drying process in a conveyor-cascade type drying unit is an important and integral part of the work, and the use of modern mathematical methods is an integral part of the processing and interpretation of the results of field experiments. The experiment and analysis of the results of the work were carried out according to the methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops. The results were processed using two-factor analisys.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Following the Soil Microrelief Contour by the Seeder Section
Authors: Shepelev S D , Pyataev M V , Zyryanov A P , Kravchenko E N
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the operating process of the seeder section for the no-till sowing machine. Based on the theoretical studies, the authors derived the dependences allowing one to obtain the motion trajectories of the seeder section elements with a parallelogram mechanism when following (gauging) the microrelief contour of the soil surface, taking into account its design parameters. The obtained theoretical trajectories were used as a basis for identifying rational parameters of the gauge wheel of the section. The results of the theoretical studies were confirmed experimentally by the laboratory experiments on a tillage bin, using the developed prototype of the seeder section when following artificial roughnesses. A comparison of the results of the theoretical and experimental studies demonstrated a sufficient degree of their convergence. The authors also established a regularity of the change in the uniformity of the coulter motion of the seeder section relative to the microrelief of the soil surface, depending on its position relative to the gauge wheel.
Improving the Quality of Friction Surface by Applying Antifriction Materials to Them
Authors: Veselovsky A A , Erofeev V V , Troyanovskaya I P
Published: January 2022

The article investigated the process of applying antifriction coatings to the surface of hardened cast iron gear wheels. The diffusion coating of cast iron wheels with vanadium greatly strengthened the surface and increased its wear resistance. Aluminium, tin bronze and copper were used as antifriction materials. The coating was applied with metal brushes. The brushes tore off individual fragments of anti-friction metal particles and smeared them over the surface of the coated product. Research results have confirmed the acceptability of this method instead of expensive finishing operations that cannot be applied to diffusion-hardened gears due to the shallow depth of the vanadium coating. The proposed method is universal for all types of metal products operating under sliding friction conditions. Results are presented as spatial histograms.
Investigation of the Strength of Diffusion Coatings on Cast Iron Friction Pairs in Contact with Hard Abrasive Soil Particles
Authors: Veselovsky A A , Erofeev V V , Troyanovskaya I P
Published: January 2022

Replacing steel parts with cast iron is a promising task for agricultural engineering. However, high-strength cast iron VCh 60, widely used in mechanical engineering and studied in this work, is inferior in abrasive resistance to steel parts that have undergone chemical-thermal and subsequent heat treatment. This disadvantage was eliminated by the formation of high-hard diffusion coatings with vanadium or chromium, by the method of saturation of their powders. But these coatings, despite their hardness, are brittle and lie on a softer base of cast iron. This paper estimates the minimum thickness of the above-mentioned coatings that can withstand the specified level of contact load without destruction when solid non-crushed soil particles or particles of other origin enter the interface. Based on the conducted research, the empirical dependences of the minimum thickness of the coating that can withstand a given level of load without destruction are derived from the size of the resulting imprint of the Vickers pyramid pressed into the surface. The graphs are convenient to use when designing gears and worm gears with a given contact load in the engagement, the part of the space located above the critical line 6 in the figures shown in the work is a safe area of coating thicknesses at the identified contact pressure.
Improvement of the ecological sustainability of short-termrotation under the aridization conditions
Authors: Plaxina V S , Astashov A N , Bochkareva Ju V , Azizov Z M , Safronov A A
Published: January 2022

Reducing the use of pesticides is one of the priorities of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the use of crop rotation is an opportunity to increase the ecological sustainability of agroecosystems. In connection with global climate changes, it is necessary to study the issue of increasing the productivity of crop rotations in conditions with uneven precipitation during the growing season. The purpose of the study was to assess the efficiency of short-term rotation in terms of grain yield taking into account consideration the main agro-climatic factors, as well as to identify the possibility of using a pesticide-free technology for crops cultivation under the aridization conditions. The highest productivity of the studied crop rotations was in five-field and four-field crop rotations with the inclusion of legumes and slow sowing crops. The grain yield from one hectare of arable land was 1.70-1.81 tons with an average productivity of all the studied crop rotations of 1.54 tons. According to the results of long-term research, it has been established that in order to achieve the optimal efficiency of agroecocenosesduring climate aridization, it is necessary to sowcorn and grain sorghum, which can form stable yields in years different in meteorological conditions.
Experience of using dry biomass of methanotrophic bacteria in the enrichment of artificial feeds for Siberian sturgeon juveniles of the Ob population
Authors: Zenkovich P A , Korentovich M A , Shabalina T O , Litvinenko A I , Litvinenko L I
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the results of a study on the enrichment of artificial feeds with dry biomass of methanotrophic bacteria of 10 and 20% concentration and fatty acids (treatment “Arfit”, linseed oil). The data on the increase in body length and weight, the survival rate of Siberian sturgeon juveniles, depending on the applied preparations introduced, are presented. The best results were obtained when 10% of dry biomass of methanotrophic bacteria and HUFA were added to the feed (acceleration of weight growth by 44%, linear growth by 38%). The presented results are aimed at developing some elements of the technology for enriching artificial feeds with microbiosynthesis products.
Monitoring of the incidence of potato tubers by diseases during storage in a complex vegetable storehouse with forced ventilation
Authors: Karpukhin M Yu , Batyrshina E R , Yurin A A , Keita Fode
Published: January 2022

The article describes the results of experimental work to determine the susceptibility of potato tubers to diseases during storage in a complex vegetable storehouse with forced ventilation. The potato variety Gala was taken as an object of research. The research was carried out in JSC Uchkhoz “Uralets” of the Beloyarsk CD of the Sverdlovsk region within the framework of the state task of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation reg. No. 121092300056-9. As a result of experimental work, it was found that cultivation technology elements: feeding area, use of fungicides and storage parameters influenced the manifestation of diseases of potato tubers. The main diseases of tubers during storage are late blight, skin necrosis, Rhizoctonia blight, Fusarium blight, ring rot. An inverse correlation was revealed between the feeding area and the degree of damage to potato tubers, that is, the smaller the feeding area, the greater the degree of damage to tubers by diseases. The use of the fungicides shirlan and infinito was effective and reduced the degree of damage to 2-3%, with 5-7% at the control. In general, it was noted that in a complex vegetable storehouse with forced ventilation in all experimental variants, regardless of the fungicide type, an increase in the feeding area during potato cultivation reduces the incidence of tubers during storage.
Prospects for the development of agricultural cooperation (on the example of rural environmental enterprises)
Authors: Dorofeev A , Breslavets Yu , Kapinos R , Breslavets A , Dobrunova A
Published: January 2022

Based on the analysis of the activities of the ancestral estates of Russia over the past ten years, and in particular of rural enterprises of ecological orientation of the Belgorod region over the past three years, we propose to implement in the practice of managing the collective of an agricultural cooperative of farms of ecological orientation the principles of the leading theoretician in the field of agricultural economics and management - A. V. Chayanov. The principles of organization and management developed by A.V. Chayanov, organically inherent in peasant farms that do not use hired labor and are based solely on family labor, correspond to the characteristic features of modern eco-farms in Russia and other countries and can be fully applied to their economic system. In the course of the study, in several stages, during 2018-2020, we conducted surveys of experts, in the capacity of which were the settlers of the ancestral estates of the Belgorod region. The objectives of the expert method were: to determine the degree of influence of the implementation of Chayanov’s principles on the main indicators of the economic dynamics of family estates, to establish the leading principles that have a cardinal impact on economic trends.
Harmonious development of integration and cooperation in agriculture as a factor in ensuring food security
Authors: Adukova A N , Adukov R Kh , Zakharov R V
Published: January 2022

The development of consumer cooperation in agriculture is one of the main conditions for solving many existing problems, including food security. However, in Russia this is not taken into account to the proper extent. So, for a quarter of a century after the Federal Law No. 193-FZ “On Agricultural Cooperation” adoption, it was not possible to significantly increase the share of agricultural products processed and sold through consumer cooperatives. At the same time, the integration processes in the industry are going on actively, that indicates the stimulation of property monopolization and the concentration of production in it. This hampers the solution of the food security problem, the development of consumer cooperation in the industry, the growth of employment and income in the countryside, and the solution of other important problems. The article substantiates the expediency and ways how to harmoniously combine integration and cooperation processes in the industry, as well as the principles that should be followed for this.
A model for managing sustainable regional development of ecological agricultural enterprises in rural areas
Authors: Dorofeev A , Breslavets P , Dobrunova A , Kapinos R , Breslavets A
Published: January 2022

Based on the analysis of the activities of ecologically oriented farms and territories of Russia over the past ten years, and in particular the districts of the Belgorod region, we propose to implement a new management model using a game-theoretic approach in the practice of managing rural areas and an environmentally oriented agricultural collective. In the course of the study, we identified separate blocks of factors and methods that ensure the sustainable development of ecological agricultural holdings. Each block and method within the block is closely interconnected with all the others, and only a comprehensive implementation of the entire system of measures will allow us to achieve the maximum positive effect. In the course of the study, during 2010-2020, we conducted surveys of experts, in the capacity of which were both the settlers of the ancestral estates of the Belgorod region, and representatives of local, regional and regional authorities. The objectives of the expert method were: to determine the degree of influence of the methods we have identified in 5 blocks on the main indicators of the economic dynamics of the region’s districts and ancestral estates, to establish the leading principles that have a cardinal impact on economic trends.
The effect of different doses of pig manure on soil microbiological activity and spring wheat yield
Authors: Chinyaeva U Z , Kalganov A A , Kramarenko M V , Minaev E A
Published: January 2022

The effect of the application of different norms of liquid pig manure on microflora composition and microbiological activity of leached chernozem, as well as on its sanitary and microbiological indicators, has been studied. It was found that at the maximum application rate, the number of bacteria increased to a greater extent than that of actinomycetes and fungi. At the same time, the genera Pseudomonas, Cellvibrio, and Bacillus predominate among the bacteria. Micromycetes of the genus Mukor and Aspergillus predominate among fungi. The nitrate content remained within acceptable limits, the mineralization coefficient for this variant is quite high. According to sanitary and microbiological indicators, when pig manure is applied in the maximum norm, the samples fall into the group of heavily polluted soil. According to the index of the coli-titer for enterobacteria, all the studied soil samples fall into the group of slightly polluted, the sanitary and epidemiological situation has not worsened. The application of the maximum manure rate had a positive effect on wheat yield.
Potential of state development programs in agriculture and social sphere of the village
Authors: Zakharov R V
Published: January 2022

The article evaluates the main state programs for the development of agriculture and the social sphere of village, notes their drawbacks. The key directions of increasing the efficiency of these state programs have been identified. Strengthening and full use of the human resources of the village are identified as such. In this regard, the expediency of giving the named types of activity the status of the main tasks of public administration in the development of agriculture and the social sphere of the village, which should be taken into account when developing the considered state programs. Here are formulated prerequisites that are necessary for the successful solution of these tasks - the formation of a capable institution of local self-government and favorable prerequisites for the development of small business in the countryside. It is concluded that the named state programs do not take this into account, and therefore do not have the potential necessary for the sustainable development of the Russian countryside.
Binary plantings as a factor of reducing the technogenic load of agrocenosis
Authors: Nesmeyanova M A , Korzhov S I , Dedov A V , Korotkikh E V
Published: January 2022

The results of research conducted by Voronezh State Agrarian University to determine the effect of binary sunflower plantings in combination with postharvest sideration on the content of plant residues in the soil, on the number of soil microorganisms, on the dynamics of detritus, sunflower infestation and yield are presented. The positive effects of the studied complex of biological function was well established to increase the content of organic matter sources in soil (by 4.64 of 5.67 t/ha), contributing to the increase in the content in the soil detritus (4.7 and 9.9%) on the growth of soil microorganisms, which in combination with the reduction of planting infestation (by 9-18 pcs/m2) has led to significantly higher yields of sunflower (0.18-0.51 in t/ha) compared with the traditional technology of cultivation. As binary components of sunflower, it is recommended to use perennial legumes of yellow melilot and purple alfalfa, and oil radish as a postharvest sideral crop.
Quantitative assessment of white spot (Ramularia tulasnei) disease severity of strawberry based on hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Cheshkova A F
Published: January 2022

This study examined strawberry white spot disease severity using different hyperspectral imaging analyzing methods. The plant leaf images were classified by spectral angle mapper (SAM), by vegetation indices (RENDVI, GNDVI, MCARI) thresholds and by principal component analysis (PCA) method. The SAM method showed the overall accuracy 84% when classifying three types of visual symptoms of the disease.
Cross-adaptation of wheat seedlings in hyperthermia and infection with Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem
Authors: Gurova T A , Svezhintseva E A , Chesnochenko N E
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of studies of adaptive reactions of 10-day-old seedlings of wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 18, Novosibirskaya 44, Sibirskaya 21 and Omskaya 18 under combined stress. It was found that the preliminary hyperthermia of the seeds increased the resistance of seedlings by the type of cross-adaptation to the subsequent action of B. sorokiniana (decrease in EC to 71,9 %, DI to 29,7 %, inhibition of biomass accumulation and growth to 95,4 %). The varietal specificity of the formation of adaptive reactions under the combined action of stressors was revealed. The protective effect of hyperthermia is most pronounced in the varieties Novosibirskaya 18 and Omskaya 18.
Vegetable semi-finished products consistency produced by hydromechanical dispersion using MAH-50 apparatus
Authors: Mazalevskiy V B
Published: January 2022

The paper discusses the influence of the chemical composition of raw materials and the parameters of the rotary-pulsation apparatus MAH-50 on the formation of the consistency of vegetable pasty semi-finished products. The analysis shown that it is necessary to regulate the hydromodule, temperature and processing duration to change the components of raw materials, which contributes to producing a product with a homogeneous consistency.
Knowledge base creation for nitrogen fertilization towards crops
Authors: Riksen V S , Luzhnykh T A , Kalichkin V K
Published: January 2022

The use of intelligent technologies for the systematization of agrotechnological knowledge, by creating a specialized software system for storing and presenting knowledge in the field of crop production, represents one of the most promising areas for improving the efficiency of agricultural production planning. The paper deals with the relevant issues of creating a knowledge base for information support system of the operator’s activities on the mineral fertilizer application. The increased requirements for modern agriculture to be resource-saving and environmentally friendly stem from the development of this direction. The software LogicGem, an easy-to-use tool for creating, editing, checking and compiling decision table logic, was used to build a knowledge base.
Changes in macroelemental composition of red clover under influence of phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: Sukhorukov A A , Korobeynikov A S , Ashmarina L F
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the issue of metabolic changes in the leaf tissues of red clover under the influence of the spectrum of phytopathogens, determined by means of X-ray microanalysis. In the course of the research, qualitative characteristics of metabolic changes under the influence of various phytopathogens were obtained, and quantitative parameters were determined for changes in the macroelement composition of clover plant tissues. All this makes it possible to obtain data on changes in plant metabolism, as well as changes in transport processes under the influence of phytopathogens.
Evaluation of tribotechnical properties of plastic lubricants used in heavy loaded bearing units of agricultural machines
Authors: Vakhrushev V V , Ivanov N M , Nemtsev A E
Published: January 2022

The resource of most of the heavily loaded bearing units of agricultural machines in the agro-industrial complex is limited by the quality of the lubricant. To ensure the operating condition of the bearing assemblies, it is necessary to evaluate the tribological characteristics of greases. The paper investigates the lubricity of greases used in agriculture, according to the criterion “scuffing index”. The studies were carried out using standard and original methods for assessing the lubricity of greases. The paper proposes and substantiates a variant of assessing the tribological characteristics of greases based on the “scuffing index” criterion, which consists in determining the wear spot of balls taking into account their plastic deformation zone. It was found that LITOL and LGRT 2 greases have identical antiwear properties.
Comparing conventional peat swamp versus mound peat swamp on the growth of Pantung (Dyera lowii) plants in peat swamp land
Authors: Wahyudi W
Published: January 2022

Pantung (Dyera lowii) is one of the indigenous commercial species in Kalimantan which has good adaptability to peat swampland so that it can be used as a rehabilitation plant in degraded peat swampland. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mounds on the growth of diameter and height of pantung planted in peat swampland. The study using a completely randomized design with the variables of diameter (dbh) and height of pantung trees at the age of 10 years. Sampling was carried out randomly on 100 plants, each on a plant planted on conventional peat swampland (L1) and on peat swampland that had been made into mounds (L2). The results showed that at the age of 10 years, the growth of pantung plants grown using mounds was significantly better than without mounds, with a diameter of 25.1 cm and 15.32 cm respectively and height of 11.5 m and 9.44 m respectively. Land that is processed using the mounding technique has good aeration and plant care can be carried out more effectively and efficiently. Its higher location causes the plants not to be waterlogged for a long time, even during the rainy season.