bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Onto4AllEditor: um editor web gráfico para construção de ontologias por todos os tipos de usuários da informação
Authors: Mendonça Fabricio Martins , Castro Lucas Piazzi , Souza Jairo Francisco , Almeida Maurício Barcellos , Felipe Eduardo Ribeiro
Published: July 2021

Ontologias são artefatos de representação do conhecimento utilizados no âmbito da Ciência da Informação, principalmente no campo da Organização do Conhecimento, bem como em áreas relacionadas. Mesmo que o tema já venha sendo disseminado há mais de duas décadas, a construção de ontologias ainda traz desafios para profissionais, pesquisadores e estudantes da Ciência da Informação. Tais desafios estão relacionados, principalmente, ao jargão lógicofilosófico necessário, a etapa formalização de conhecimento e a complexidade dos editores disponíveis, voltados para a computação. A presente pesquisa objetiva trazer uma alternativa a tais desafios. Apresenta-se aqui o Onto4AllEditor, um editor de ontologias gráfico, colaborativo e baseado na Web, que inclui recursos simples e intuitivos. Baseado na metodologia OntoForInfoScience, o editor foi planejado para facilitar o trabalho de usuários com níveis de experiência variados, objetivando popularizar a construção de ontologias. O artigo debate as limitações dos editores populares disponíveis e os compara ao que é oferecido pelo Onto4AllEditor. Conclui-se que o Onto4AllEditor, mesmo que já inclua recursos avançados, facilita a construção de ontologias, em particular, para aqueles usuários que estão iniciando nesse tipo de atividade.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Akademik Başarısını Etkileyen Faktörler: Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü Örneği
Authors: ÖRÜK Görkem , ENGİNDENİZ Sait
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışma, Siirt Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü’nde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik yapılarını ve akademik başarılarını etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Siirt Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü’nde öğrenim gören 80 öğrenci ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Anket çalışmaları 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılının Kasım ayında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistik yöntemleri, Ki-kare analizi ve Lojistik regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin % 68.75’inin ilk tercihinin Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü olduğu ve tercih işlemini yaparken % 60’nın Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü hakkında bilgi sahibi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin çoğunluğu (% 63.75) istekli olarak Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü’ne geldiklerini bildirmişlerdir. Lojistik regresyon modelinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, öğrencilerin akademik başarısını sınıf düzeyi, barınma yeri, ailenin tarımla uğraşma durumu ve devam durumu etkilemektedir. Öğrencilerin yetenek ve ilgi alanlarına göre tercih yapması, üniversitenin sosyal olanaklarının çoğaltılması ve kültürel faaliyetlerinin çeşitlendirilmesi ile öğrencilerin üniversite eğitiminde daha istekli ve daha başarılı olmaları sağlanabilir.
DESYNCHRONIZATION, TEMPORALITY AND ANTI-HUMANISM: THE PROBLEM OF BIOCAPITALISM STABILITY
Authors: Petrov K. A.
Published: June 2021

For a significant number of researchers, the theoretical and methodological prerequisite for the analysis of biocapitalism is the "local knowledge" model. It is characterized by the fact that the research position is ethically loaded: the only possible way to talk about various forms of capital is associated with the need to give the floor to representatives of social groups subjected to discrimination and exploitation. This requirement leads to the elimination of biocapital as a research problem, its transformation into a non-object. Such disregard for bio-capital leads to the impossibility of an adequate assessment of the risks associated with the development of biotechnologies. An important step towards the creation of a theory of biocapitalism is the appeal to the concept of "theoretical anti-humanism" proposed by Louis Althusser. Based on this methodological principle, biocapitalism should be considered as a set of non-objective processes based on the movement of value, whose continuity is rooted in the special modes of functioning of biotechnologies. One aspect of biotechnologies is their ability to create, modify, and control "local times" i.e., the flow rates of various processes. These opportunities become a source of profit for bio-capital. Explication of the conditions of such capital work shows that any biotechnological innovation becomes what is called in the language of actor-network theory a "point of mandatory passage" a point of connection of the interests of a set of heterogeneous actors. Each of the actors connects their own social expectations with the existence of the technology. Thus, the desire to use oocytes frozen in the biobank suggests the need to maintain the existing technoinfrastructure. Thus, the desynchronization that occurs when using biotechnologies is a way to preserve the available method of capital production, which leads to the idea that there is no alternative to biocapitalism.
THE DISTANCE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTATION IN THE HIGHER SCHOOLS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS
Authors: Mandrikov V. B. , Vakalova L. G. , Zubarev Y. A. , Gorbacheva V. V.
Published: June 2021

The models used for the application of distance learning technologies assume different degrees of direct control of the educational process by the teacher, as well as the degrees of interaction and the presence of direct contact between the teacher and the student. Not all models, unlike the traditional training system, allow teachers and educational institutions to retain the functions of full management of the educational process. The factor of personal communication is disappearing which means we cant talk about the education of a moral attitude to a healthy lifestyle. The search for new educational teaching methods in a mixed format is carried out, the role of the teacher's personality in such a model is discussed.
WELL-BEING OF MEDICAL WORKERS DURING A PANDEMIC: ETHICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Serova I. A. , Yagodina A. U. , Kostenko O. A.
Published: June 2021

The article presents a reflexive technology for conducting a survey among residents on the problem of health of medical workers during pandemic. Content analysis of reminiscences about the peculiarities of providing medical care during pandemic of coronavirus showed the need for the early implementation of rapid testing for SARS-cov-2 before personnel in order to stop the spread of infection by medical workers. There is a clear need to analyze the effectiveness of ways of dividing contagious patient groups from other patients in primary medical care. The return to the workplace of doctors after a coronavirus infection is connected with their preliminary examination and rehabilitation it is a thesis for current human rights issues.
Sensory Ethnography as a Methodological Resource for Qualitative Research
Authors: Vanevskaia Polina
Published: June 2021

The article poses the problem of the possibility of including sensory ethnography in the methodological arsenal of qualitative sociological research. In order to substantiate the possibility of this step in sociological methodology development the author presents the theoretical origins of the sensory turn that took place in social and humanitarian knowledge. After that, the author reconstructs the process of sensory turn reception in cultural anthropology and sociology. According to the author, the sensory ethnography approach formation may be considered as one of the methodological consequences of sensory turn as well as extension of research problem set opportunities. Shifting the research focus towards the sphere of sensory experience and, as a result, including the sensory aspect of everyday life in research designs, are considered as the incentives to development of new methodological approaches, such as sensory ethnography.
Cartografía legal de la autodeterminación informativa digital: un derecho de construcción jurisprudencial
Authors: Caballero Trenado Laura
Published: June 2021

La arquitectura del derecho a la autodeterminación informativa, en su vertiente digital, está ahormada por la doctrina jurisprudencial. Ayuna de una regulación propia hasta la entrada en vigor del Reglamento General de Protección de Datos, el 25 de mayo de 2018, la autodeterminación informativa se ha ido conformando con el cincel de tres órganos jurisdiccionales (el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, el Tribunal Constitucional y el Tribunal Supremo) que han ido perfilando y delimitando su contenido y alcance. Desde su reconocimiento por el TJUE en su archiconocida decisión de 13 de mayo de 2014, la evolución que presenta es muy notoria. En la actualidad, una búsqueda en Internet con dos apellidos es suficiente para reconocer este derecho si con ello se lesiona el honor, la intimidad personal o familiar o la propia imagen de su titular. Así lo ha avalado el Tribunal Supremo en la STS 4016/2020, de 27 de noviembre. En este artículo se abordan los hitos jurisprudenciales más relevantes al objeto de bosquejar una cartografía jurídica actual del derecho a la autodeterminación informativa.
La responsabilidad de proteger a debate: inconsistencias entre Libia y Bahréin
Authors: Alonso García Serena
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo me propongo analizar la doctrina de la responsabilidad de proteger, estudiando para ello sus características esenciales, así como las distintas dimensiones que la integran, y la utilidad de cada una de ellas. Además, llevo a cabo un análisis pormenorizado de su aplicación a partir de dos estudios de caso, en los que desgrano las flaquezas de la doctrina, tal y cómo se ha configurado hasta la actualidad, con el propósito de exponer aquellos puntos en los que cabe su mejora. Pese a tales propuestas de mejora, el presente trabajo está encaminado a fomentar el impulso y desarrollo de una doctrina que, de emplearse correctamente, puede contribuir a proteger a las poblaciones civiles de crímenes atroces.
Cárcel y pandemia: profundización de una crisis permanente. El caso chileno
Authors: Peralta Jordán Ángela
Published: June 2021

En el presente artículo se abordan algunas de las políticas para la contención del Covid-19 adoptadas en los centros penitenciarios de Chile, partiendo de un diagnóstico de vulnerabilidad que afecta al grupo de personas reclusas, previo a la pandemia, pero que se profundiza con ella. Se propone la incorporación de la categoría de discriminación estructural en el sistema de ejecución penal, como una herramienta de análisis de la cuestión carcelaria.
(In)visibilización de los grupos en situación de vulnerabilidad en el contexto del COVID-19
Authors: Rojas Castillo Jaime Luis
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo analiza la (in)visibilización de los colectivos en especial situación de vulnerabilidad en las principales medidas diseñadas para abordar y controlar la pandemia por COVID-19, con especial referencia a las principales recomendaciones de los órganos de protección de los derechos humanos. Asimismo, indaga en cómo estas medidas pueden constituir un factor que potencie los obstáculos para el ejercicio de los derechos y enuncia las oportunidades que la pandemia puede abrir para configurar una mayor protección de las personas y su dignidad.
Juzgando crímenes de lesa humanidad: avances, retrocesos y qué podemos aprender de la experiencia,
Authors: Catanzaro Mariana , Neira Dolores , Schapiro Hernán I.
Published: June 2021

El artículo expone el contexto de la última dictadura militar en la Argentina, y el posterior camino en el juzgamiento de los crímenes de lesa humanidad que tuvieron lugar en ese período. Se describe cómo se utilizaron las leyes amnistías e indulto en el caso argentino, y se analiza la incompatibilidad de estos mecanismos en el juzgamiento de delitos de lesa humanidad, en virtud de los compromisos y obligaciones internacionales de protección de los derechos humanos de suscriptos por los Estados. Además, se estudia el rol de las víctimas y el concepto de reparación, un elemento primordial en este tipo de procesos y en particular en el derecho penal.
Diversidad sexual, donación de sangre y no discriminación en contexto de pandemia: avances en la jurisprudencia de Brasil
Authors: Aguiar Cavalcante Martha Lisiane
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo propone analizar los avances en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional de Brasil sobre el control de constitucionalidad de la norma que establece la prohibición de donación de sangre de hombres que hayan tenido relaciones sexuales con otros hombres. La necesidad de ampliación de donadores de sangre por causa de la pandemia de COVID-19 desencadenó un proceso de presión social por parte de instituciones democráticas y de organizaciones no gubernamentales, que culminó con la votación de la ADI 5543 y con la aplicación interna de los principios de igualdad y no discriminación y de normas internacionales de derechos humanos.
Educação popular em pauta
Authors: Signorelli Sofia Caroline Moraes , Montalvão Neto Alberto Lopo , Ferreira Maria Laura Arantes Bessa , Silva Yuri Andrews Feitoza da
Published: June 2021

Historicamente, diversos movimentos sociais buscaram combater as formas de opressão vivenciadas pelas camadas populares da sociedade. No presente trabalho, refletimos sobre a história de um cursinho popular localizado na cidade de Campinas, intitulado Liberte-se!, apresentando-o como uma organização de militância e como uma extensão universitária articulada à luta por uma educação dialógica e crítica, classificando-o, inclusive, como um desses movimentos. Desse modo, fundamentados em pressupostos educacionais que se voltam para uma perspectiva crítico-transformadora, refletimos sobre a educação popular, pensando em desafios e possibilidades a partir de nossa própria história. Por conseguinte, as reflexões nos levam a apontar que o Liberte-se! configura-se como um exemplo de possibilidade de transformação de sujeitos e de realidades sociais que emergem em meio aos recentes movimentos estudantis. Outrossim, essa mistura de sujeitos e de histórias nos indica a necessidade de que sejam consolidadas práticas que possibilitem uma educação democrática e libertadora.
Estimativa do volume erodido e da taxa de retração em curto prazo na falésia marinha ativa da Barreira do Inferno com o uso de Laser Scanner Terrestre
Authors: Amaro Venerando Eustáquio , Almeida Júnior José Edson de , Scudelari Ada Cristina , Matos Maria de Fátima Alves de , Gomes William Vieira
Published: July 2021

Este artigo intenciona estimar o volume erodido e a retração de curto prazo temporal (período de seis meses) na falésia marinha ativa da Barreira do Inferno localizada no Litoral Oriental do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, com base no uso de Laser Escâner Terrestre (LT) e no georreferenciamento de nuvem pontos com Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS). As varreduras do talude da falésia foram conduzidas em duas ocasiões, a primeira em 21/08/2016 (inverno austral) e a seguinte em 24/02/2017 (verão austral). As nuvens de pontos obtidas nesses levantamentos foram processadas nos softwaresCloudCompare, ArcMap, Surfer e Global Mapper, para a seleção de Modelos Digitais de Terreno (MDT) que melhor representassem as feições descritas na face da falésia em erosão, por meio dos métodos interpoladores espaciais: IDW, NN, Kriginge TIN. Nesta abordagem, a falésia marinha foi subdividida em cinco setores, de comportamentos erosivos distintos, para a avaliação do desempenho do MDT, da quantificação do volume erodido total e da taxa de retração, a partir da comparação entre os MDT e os perfis transversais gerados com as nuvens de pontos do LT. O método interpolador TIN dos softwaresCloudCompare eArcMapfoi o mais adequado para representação detalhada das irregularidades na superfície e das incisões basais no talude. A estratégia metodológica destacou ainda a relevância da avaliação da confiabilidade da nuvem de pontos quanto à presença de vazios de pontos no MDT, devido aos sombreamentos nas varreduras com LT, e são fontes de erros significativos no cálculo final volume erodido total e da taxa de retração. Os resultados indicaram que a falésia ativa apresentou volume erodido de 333 m³ no curto prazo e retração geral de 6±3,1cm nesse período, ou 12±6,2 cm/ano. Finalmente, este estudo confirma a aptidão do uso do LT acoplado a GNSS, com alta precisão e acurácia, na obtenção de resultados detalhados sobre os efeitos da erosão sobre falésias ativas submetidas à intensa dinâmica costeira do Nordeste brasileiro.
Effects of progressive muscle relaxation technique on affective and somatic signs in nursing students taking objective structured clinical examination
Authors: Risdiana Nurvita , Sandy Jefry Leo , Johan Johan
Published: June 2021

Background: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is an instrument for an evaluation test to asses observable skills. However, this situation of the test can lead to anxiety for students expressed in affective and somatic signs. Progressive muscle relaxation technique is one of non-pharmacology therapies and can be used to decrease the affective and somatic signs in the students. Objective: This study aims to determine effects of the progressive muscle relaxation technique on affective and somatic signs in nursing students when taking the OSCE. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post- group design. Fifty eight participants were selected by inclusion criteria and divided into two groups (a treatment group and a control group). The progressive muscle relaxation before the OSCE was conducted for 30 minutes. Zung’s self-rating anxiety (ZSAS) was applied to measure the affective signs. A sphygmomanometer, manual heart rate palpation, and thorax inspection were used to measure the somatic signs. The data were analysed by using a Wilcoxon test. Results: The Wilcoxon test showed that the effects of progressive muscle relaxation technique on the affective signs indicated p-value of 0.0001 (p<0.005). Then it also affected the somatic signs as occurred in systolic blood pressure with p-value of 0.00, diastolic blood pressure with p-value of 0.004, heart rate with p-value of 0.00, and respiration rate with p-value of 0.00. The affective and somatic signs in the treatment group decreased after the treatment was given. However, they were not found in the control group. Conclusion: There are effects of progressive muscle relaxation technique on affective and somatic signs in nursing students when taking the OSCE. The affective and somatic signs in the treatment group were lower than in the control group.
Involvement of lipids in immune system regulation: A mini-review
Authors: Utami Kurnia Putri , Wasityastuti Widya , Soesatyo Marsetyawan HNE
Published: June 2021

An immune system recognizes and responds to antigens entering the body. Maintaining these roles, components of the immune system need energy obtained from nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This study reviews and discusses roles of lipids, particularly fatty acids, in regulations of the immune system. This study was conducted by conducting a literature study on published research articles written in English. The articles were obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar by using search keywords: lipid, fatty acids, immune, regulation, inflammation, and response. Lipids are a group of biomolecule compounds composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and they are classified into simple, compound and complex lipids. Fatty acids are compound lipids that act as a main fuel for metabolism, an essential component for all membranes, and a gene regulator. Fatty acids have a modulating effect on immune cells, such as: acting as a host defence, activating the immune system, interacting with nuclear transcription factors, playing roles in inflammatory responses, promoting apoptosis, as well as influencing lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and Natural Killer (NK) cell activities. However, the modulation of the immune system by lipids is influenced by various factors such as concentration and types of fatty acids, types of immune cells, and species. This study is suggested to provide an overview of beneficial roles of lipids in maintaining immunity.
Features of Retinal Neurogenesis as a Key Factor of Age-Related Neurodegeneration: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Telegina Darya , Kozhevnikova Oyuna , Antonenko Anna , Kolosova Nataliya
Published: June 2021

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that constitutes the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly in developed countries. Incomplete knowledge about its pathogenesis prevents the search for effective methods of prevention and treatment of AMD, primarily its “dry” type, which is by far the most common (90% of all AMD cases). In recent years, AMD became younger: late stages of the disease are now detected in relatively young people. It is known that AMD pathogenesis—according to the age-related structural and functional changes in the retina—is linked with inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an impairment of neurotrophic support, but the mechanisms that trigger the conversion of normal age-related changes to the pathological process as well as the reason for early AMD development remain unclear. In the adult mammalian retina, de novo neurogenesis is very limited. Therefore, the structural and functional features that arise during its maturation and formation can exert long-term effects on further ontogenesis of this tissue. The aim of this review is to discuss possible contributions of the changes/disturbances in retinal neurogenesis to the early development of AMD.
Impact of Charcoal Canker on Oak Trees at a Site of Community Importance: Case Study of the Relict Castelfidardo Forest (SIC Area IT520008, Castelfidardo, AN, Italy)
Authors: Murolo Sergio , Concas Jonathan , Salerno Alessandro , Maiorano Fedele , Cingolani Lorenzo , Carloni Francesca , Moricca Salvatore , Romanazzi Gianfranco
Published: June 2021

Oaks are a dominant and key tree species in Mediterranean forest ecosystems. However, in recent decades, oak forests have been heavily impacted by oak decline, a worldwide phenomenon exacerbated by climate change. The charcoal disease agent Biscogniauxia mediterranea is involved in the decline of Mediterranean oak formations in a variety of contexts. Here, we investigated the impact and role of B. mediterranea in decline of oaks in Castelfidardo Forest, a relict wood of the late Holocene and a Site of Community Importance. We established five plots within which we recorded the tree positions, any symptoms and signs of decline, association of B. mediterranea to declining trees, and the deadwood and associated mycota. Of 471 oaks inspected, 7.0% showed brownish exudates on the stems, 46.9% showed epicormic shoots along the main trunk, and 24.4% showed black carbonaceous stromata on diseased branches and trunks. The decline was most severe for Quercus cerris, which comprised plots #4 and #5, at 50.0% (81/162 trees) and 29.0% (33/114), respectively; then for Quercus robur for plot #3, at 40.0% (38/95); and finally for Quercus pubescens for plots #1 and #2, at 13.7% (7/51) and 12.3% (6/49), respectively. Bark tissue was collected from trees with charcoal cankers, with microscopy examination and identification by mycological and molecular methods. This investigation revealed close association between oaks with pronounced reduction of vitality and incidence of B. mediterranea. The deadwood was equally distributed among the five plots, and was heavily colonized by Basidiomycota. The high incidence of this oak-weakening pathogen B. mediterranea appears to be related to stress conditions (e.g., water scarcity, prolonged drought). However, absence of silvicultural management, high competition among physiologically mature trees, and the geographic isolation of this residual forest might have predisposed these oaks to decline.
Pupal Cues Increase Sperm Production but Not Testis Size in an Insect
Authors: Liu Junyan , He Xiong Z , Zheng Xia-Lin , Zhang Yujing , Wang Qiao
Published: June 2021

Theoretic and empirical studies show that social surroundings experienced by male insects during their larval or adult stage can influence their testicular investment in diverse ways. Although insect pupae do not feed and crawl, they can communicate using sex-specific and/or non-sex specific cues. Yet, it is unknown, in any insect, whether and how male pupae can fine-tune their resource allocation to sperm production and testis size in response to socio-sexual environment. We investigated this question using a moth, Ephestia kuehniella, which produces fertile eupyrene sperm and unfertile apyrene sperm. We held male pupae individually or in groups with different sex ratios, and dissected adults upon eclosion, measured their testis size, and counted both types of sperm. We demonstrated that after exposure to conspecific pupal cues regardless of sex, male pupae increased production of eupyrenes and apyrenes at the same rate but kept testis size unchanged. We suggest that testis size is fixed after pupation because most morphological traits are formed during the larval stage, allowing little room for pupae to adjust testis size. Like adults, male pupae with fully grown testes have sufficient resources to produce more sperm of both types according to the perceived increase of sperm competition risk.
Interplay Between Canopy Structure and Topography and Its Impacts on Seasonal Variations in Surface Reflectance in the Boreal Region of Alaska – Implication for Surface Radiation Budget
Authors: Nath Bibhash , Ni-Meister Wenge
Published: June 2021

Forests are critical in regulating the world’s climate and they maintain overall Earth’s energy balance. The variability in forest canopy structure, topography and underneath vegetation background condition creates uncertainty in the estimation and modelling of Earth’s surface radiation particularly for boreal regions in high latitude. We studied seasonal variation in surface reflectance with respect to land cover classes, canopy structures, and topography in a boreal region of Alaska by fusing together Landsat 8 surface reflectance and LiDAR-derived canopy matrices. Our study shows that canopy structure and topography interplay and influence surface reflectance in a complex way particularly during the snow season. Topographic aspect and elevation control vegetation growth, type and structure. The southern slope is featured with more deciduous and taller trees having greater rugosity than the northern slope. Higher elevation is associated with taller trees for both vegetation types, particularly in the southern slope. In general, surface reflectance shows similar relationships with canopy cover, height and rugosity, mainly due to close relationships between these parameters. Surface reflectance decreases with canopy cover, tree height, and rugosity especially for evergreen forest. Deciduous forest shows larger variability of surface reflectance, particularly in March, mainly due to the mixing effect of snow and vegetation. The relationship between vegetation structure and surface reflectance is greatly impacted by topography. The negative relationship between elevation and surface reflectance may be due to taller and denser vegetation distribution in higher elevation. Surface reflectance in the southern slope is slightly larger than the northern slope for both deciduous and evergreen forest. The shadow effect from topography and tree crowns on surface reflectance play a different role for deciduous and evergreen forests. For deciduous forest, topographic shadow effect on surface reflectance is stronger than from tree shadowing in all seasons. For evergreen forest, shadow effects from topography and tree crowns on surface reflectance are both equally dominant, however tree shadow effect is more significant in March than in May and August. The generalized additive models (GAM) based on non-linear relationships between response (surface reflectance) and predictor (canopy structures and topography) variables confirms such observations. Our study not only provides accurate quantification of surface radiation budget but also helps in parametrization of climate change models.
Long Lasting Reversibility of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Morales-García Lilia , Ricardez -García Carolina , Castañeda-Tamez Paulina , Chiquete-Félix Natalia , Uribe-Carvajal Salvador
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial unspecific pore (ScMUC) is an uncoupling unspecific pore that shares some similarities with the mammalian permeability transition pore (mPTP). When open, both channels deplete ion and proton gradients across the inner mitochon-drial membrane. However, the role of mPTP is to reversibly open to protect cells against stress. If mPTP remains stuck in the open position the cell dies. In contrast, ScMUC is probably dedicated to deplete oxygen from the medium in order to kill competing organisms. Such O2 depletion would be better achieved if oxidative phosphorylation is at least mildly uncoupled. Still, when oxida-tive phosphorylation is needed ScMUC should be able to close. To test this, the reversible opening and closing of ScMUC in the presence of different effectors was tested in isolated mitochondria from S. cerevisiae. Evaluations were conducted at different incubation times, monitoring the rate of O2 consumption, mitochondrial swelling and the transmembrane potential. It was observed that ScMUC did remain reversibly open for minutes. A low energy charge (ATP/ADP) closed the chan-nel. In addition, high Ca2+ promoted closing and it was a highly powerful effector.
Effect of storage temperature on the quality of kepok banana (Musa paradisiaca formatypica)
Authors: Nur Faidah Rahman Andi , Crystaline Muhammad Victor , Bastian Februadi
Published: July 2021

Kepok bananas are processed bananas that have ABB genotype, the letter B indicates that banana kepok has a stronger resistance to disease and chilling injury in cold temperatures storage. Storage at cold temperatures can extend the shelf life of bananas, because cold temperatures can slow down the respiration and enzymatic processes. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of storage temperature on quality and shelf life, and to determine optimum storage temperature. The method used is storage temperature at room, 15oC and 10oC until the banana is damaged. The parameters observed were respiration patterns, weight loss, hardness, fruit skin color, total acid, vitamin C, pH, and total soluble solids. The results showed that bananas stored at cold temperatures (10oC and 15oC) can last up to 20 days while at room temperature only lasts for 10 days. Kepok bananas stored at 10oC have not shown symptoms of chilling injury.
DESKRIPSI REKONSTRUKSI PEMBELAJARAN ANAK USIA DINI STUDY FROM HOME PADA MASA PANDEMIK COVID-19
Authors: Wiresti Ririn Dwi , Munastiwi Erni
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan rekonstruksi pembelajaran anak usia dini study from home pada masa pandemik COVID-19. Pendemi ini mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan berbagai aspek kehidupan, salah satunya aspek pendidikan. Perubahan ini menyebabkan munculnya berbagai permasalahan terkait pembelajaran, di antaranya pembelajaran yang semula tatap muka beralih menjadi belajar dari rumah. Permasalahan tersebut sebaiknya dicarikan jalan keluar, agar pembelajaran anak usia dini dapat berjalan dengan baik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Partisipan penelitian adalah kepala sekolah dan wali kelas pada Kelompok Bermain TK B di TK Kreatif Primagama Yogyakarta. Pengujian keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran anak usia dini study from home pada masa pandemik COVID-19 memengaruhi sistem pembelajaran yang ada. Oleh karena itu diperlukan rekonstruksi pembelajaran yaitu penerapan digital learning dan blended learning agar pembelajaran di masa study from home dapat berjalan lancar.

 

This study aims to describe the reconstruction of early childhood learning study from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has changed various aspects of life, one of which is education. This change has led to the emergence of various problems related to learning, including learning from face-to-face turning to learning from home. These problems should be found a way out, so that early childhood learning can run well. This study used descriptive qualitative research methods, interview data collection techniques, observation, and documentation. The participants of this study were the principal and homeroom teacher of TK B class at Primagama Creative Kindergarten Yogyakarta. The validity of the data was examined using source and technique triangulation. The results of this study indicate that early childhood learning study from home during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the existing learning system, therefore learning reconstruction is needed, namely the application of digital learning and blended learning so that learning during the study from home period can run smoothly.
Analisis Regresi Logistik Binomial dan Algoritma Random Forest pada Proses Pengklasifikasian Penyakit Ginjal Kronis
Authors: Darwanto Abraham Raja Swara , Taza Luzia Viarindita  , Yekti Widyaningsih
Published: June 2021

Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (Chronic Kidney Disease) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat di seluruh dunia dan telah diangkat sebagai penyebab penting kematian dengan angka yang besar. Penyakit ginjal kronis termasuk penyakit yang perlu diperiksa secara rutin. Penulis berharap penyakit ini dapat dideteksi dengan tes sesedikit mungkin dan biaya yang rendah dengan menggunakan regresi logistik binomial dan metode klasifikasi Random Forest. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin membandingkan akurasi dari kedua metode untuk melihat model yang paling efektif dalam memprediksi CKD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis menggunakan metode regresi logistik binomial memiliki keakuratan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode klasifikasi random forest yaitu sebesar 97.5%, di mana kedua metode menggunakan faktor-faktor yang sama yaitu Specific Gravity, Albumin, Serum Creatinine, Hemoglobin, dan kadar Packed Cell Volume.
Increased rainfall stimulates permafrost thaw across a variety of Interior Alaskan boreal ecosystems
Authors: Douglas Thomas , Turetsky Merritt , Koven Charles
Published: June 2021

Earth’s high latitudes are projected to experience warmer and wetter summers in the future but ramifications for soil thermal processes and permafrost thaw are poorly understood. Here we present 2750 end of summer thaw depths representing a range of vegetation characteristics in Interior Alaska measured over a 5-year period. This included the top and third wettest summers in the 91-year record and three summers with precipitation close to mean historical values. Increased rainfall led to deeper thaw across all sites with an increase of 0.7 ± 0.1 cm of thaw per cm of additional rain. Disturbed and wetland sites were the most vulnerable to rain-induced thaw with ~1 cm of surface thaw per additional 1 cm of rain. Permafrost in tussock tundra, mixed forest, and conifer forest was less sensitive to rain-induced thaw. A simple energy budget model yields seasonal thaw values smaller than the linear regression of our measurements but provides a first-order estimate of the role of rain-driven sensible heat fluxes in high-latitude terrestrial permafrost. This study demonstrates substantial permafrost thaw from the projected increasing summer precipitation across most of the Arctic region.
Libertadoras en tiempos de revolución. La participación de las mujeres en la Independencia del Perú y América Latina
Authors: Morán Ramos Daniel , Rivera Montserrat
Published: July 2021

Tras la llegada del bicentenario a los distintos países de América Latina, nuestra investigación tiene como objetivo principal resaltar la participación de la mujer en las independencias de sus respectivas naciones, con el fin de conmemorar estas fechas y poner de relieve su rol como sujeto histórico. De este modo, se tomará como punto de partida lo expresado por la historiografía reciente sobre las acciones de las heroínas de la independencia, tanto en su labor de espías del ejército patriota o arriesgando su vida en el campo de batalla. Así, se realizará este ensayo con una perspectiva de género, deteniéndose en figuras importantes como Manuela Sáenz, María Parado de Bellido, Policarpa Salavarrieta, Francisca Zubiaga, Rosa Campusano; y además se señalarán las acciones de distintos colectivos de mujeres, cuyos nombres no conocemos, no obstante, sus acciones fueron relevantes para la independencia del Perú y de America Latina.
Schlumberger’s Drilling ECG Goes to the Heart of the Matter To Diagnose Abnormal Conditions in Real Time
Authors: Feder Judy
Published: June 2021

The trading of technologies is nothing new for the upstream oil and gas and medical communities. The connection makes sense, particularly since both disciplines rely heavily on applied math for diagnoses. It should come as no surprise, then, that a popular paper at the 2021 Virtual SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference proposed a medically inspired approach to prevent catastrophic drilling system failures brought on by downhole shocks (SPE/IADC 204098). The paper describes a “drilling electrocardiogram” that diagnoses “arrhythmic drilling” similarly to how medical electrocardiograms diagnose dangerous vibration anomalies in heart patients.

The approach classifies shock wave-forms acquired at 31,250 hertz (Hz) downhole. The shock signals are treated as drilling electrocardiograms (D-ECG) that are processed using clustering algorithms and merged with drilling incidents to identify in real time an arrhythmic signature pattern that can lead to catastrophic failures.

A Revelation

Justo Matheus, senior control engineer for Schlumberger and lead author of the paper, said that in studying field incidents in which rotary steerable system (RSS) bottomhole assemblies (BHA) had been severely damaged by shocks, the signature patterns reminded him of ECGs (Fig. 1).

This led him to medical libraries, which in turn led to a revelation—that throughout the 3 decades that downhole vibration measurements while drilling (MWD) have been studied, only the analysis of the amplitude and root mean square (rms) values of shocks had been the focus. No one had considered frequency for diagnosing downhole shocks. It was this revelation that drove the concept of the D-ECG based on shock waveforms acquired at high frequency in real time to prevent failures of the BHA.

What Is “Normal” and What Is Not?

Drilling-generated shocks and vibrations affect rate of penetration, directional control, and wellbore quality, making them among the main causes of failures in drilling.

“Shocks are present almost all the time,” said Matheus. “The challenge is in knowing which are normal and which are not.”

RSS are equipped with measurement devices such as magnetometers, accelerometers, and shock and vibration sensors that obtain statistical information from which whirl, bit bounce, and stick/slip severity are inferred. Often, however, the derived statistics are not sufficient to distinguish between normal drilling vs. abnormal drilling for a location in the wellbore. Recent electronic advances enabled the development of high-resolution drilling dynamic data recorders, extending the sampling frequency from traditional 100 Hz to 1,600 Hz. However, most of these devices are for data recording only. There is no real-time communication with surface and no capability to inform about drilling conditions downhole.
Hole-Cleaning Fibers Improve Cuttings-Carrying Capacity
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: June 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203147, “Investigating Hole-Cleaning Fibers’ Mechanism To Improve Cutting Carrying Capacity and Comparing Their Effectiveness With Common Polymeric Pills,” by Mohammad Saeed Karimi Rad, Mojtaba Kalhor Mohammadi, SPE, and Kourosh Tahmasbi Nowtarki, International Drilling Fluids, prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Hole cleaning in deviated wells is more challenging than in vertical wells because of the boycott effect or the eccentricity of the drillpipe. Poor hole cleaning can result in problems such as borehole packoff or excessive equivalent circulating density. The complete paper investigates a specialized fibrous material (Fiber 1) for hole-cleaning characteristics. The primary goal is to identify significant mechanisms of hole-cleaning fibers and their merits compared with polymeric high-viscosity pills.

Hole-Cleaning Indices

Based on a review of the literature, most effective parameters regarding hole cleaning in different well types were investigated. These parameters can be classified into the following five categories:

- Well design (e.g., hole angle, drillpipe eccentricity, well trajectory)

- Drilling-fluid properties (e.g., gel strength, mud weight)

- Formation properties (e.g., lithology, cutting specific gravity, cuttings size and shape)

- Hydraulic optimizations (e.g., flow regime, nozzle size, number of nozzles)

- Drilling practices (e.g., drillpipe rotation speed, wellbore tortuosity, bit type, rate of penetration, pump rate)

In this research, rheological parameters and parameters of the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model are considered to be optimization inputs to increase hole-cleaning efficiency of commonly used pills in drilling operations. The complete paper offers a detailed discussion of both the importance of flow regime and the role of the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model in reaching a better prognosis of drilling-fluid behavior at low shear rates.

The properties of the fibrous hole-cleaning agent used in the complete paper are provided in Table 1.

Test Method

Two series of tests were performed. The medium of the first series is drilling water, with the goal of evaluating the efficiency of Fiber 1 in fresh pills. The second series of tests was per-formed with a simple polymeric mud as a medium common in drilling operations. Formulations and rheological properties of both test series are provided in Tables 4 and 5 of the complete paper, respectively.
Rotating Cement Heads Improve Results of Zonal Isolation in Colombia
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: June 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 198970, “Casing Rotating Cement Heads: A Custom-Fit Solution To Improve Zonal Isolation Results In Colombia—A Field-Proven Case,” by Jose Vela, SPE, Henry Arias, and Edwin Sanchez, Ecopetrol, prepared for the 2020 SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, held virtually 27–31 July. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

In the current challenging drilling environment, effective annular zonal isolation is required for long-term integrity. Among proven cementing practices, casing rotation has been widely applied to liners but not as commonly to full casing strings. The complete paper describes the use of custom-fit rotating cement heads (RCH) to improve cementing results.

Cementing Practices in Colombia

The following methods of cementing, described in detail in the complete paper, are applied currently in Colombia:

- Preflushes and spacers

- Slurry design

- Casing standoff

- Borehole conditioning

- Mud circulation and conditioning

- Casing movement during the cement job

- Monitor job parameters compared with design

- Pressure testing and surface-equipment installation

Most of these best cementing practices have been followed on a daily basis for all production and intermediate casing. Rotation practice has been widely applied to liners but not for casing strings. This observation led to the introduction of RCH, a technology that arose as the most- appropriate link to connect the top drive or rig prime mover with the casing so that rotation for a full string of casing could be achieved.

RCH Use and Implementation

Before the implementation of RCH, cement evaluation logs did not show the expected response. Evidence of fluid channeling and fluid contamination was very common, and fair casing to cement bonds was a concern, particularly in washed-out sections and very long cement columns.

RCH provides a technical solution for the need to rotate the casing strings while maintaining best practices common to all cement jobs. Rotation has shown to be mandatory for intermediate and production casing to obtain a better log response by enhancing displacement fluid efficiency and mud removal.

Well-design and cement objectives vary according to regional sedimentary basins around the country. In the Llanos Basin, the intermediate casing shoe integrity and the isolation of the T1 sand unit are primary objectives; the most-common wellbore problems are the presence of very washed-out sections in front of the E3 and E4 shale formations. The T1 sand unit is located between them and is prone to water or gas influx. Next, the production section is drilled with a lighter mud so that a high negative differential pressure is induced around the casing shoe once the shoe track is drilled. If shoe integrity is not suitable, an influx can be promoted when drilling the productive zone.
The Pressure Dependence of the Archie Cementation Exponent for Samples from the Ordovician Goldwyer Shale Formation in Australia
Authors: Zhong Zhiqi , Esteban Lionel , Rezaee Reza , Josh Matthew , Feng Runhua
Published: June 2021

Applying the realistic cementation exponent (m) in Archie’s equation is critical for reliable fluid-saturation calculation from well logs in shale formations. In this study, the cementation exponent was determined under different confining pressures using a high-salinity brine to suppress the surface conductivity related to the cation-exchange capacity of clay particles. A total of five Ordovician shale samples from the Canning Basin, Australia, were used for this study. The shale samples are all illite-rich with up to 60% clay content. Resistivity and porosity measurements were performed under a series of confining pressures (from 500 to 8,500 psi). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to obtain porosity and pore-size distribution and to detect the presence of residual oil. The complex impedance of samples was determined at 1 kHz to verify the change in pore-size distribution using the POLARIS model (Revil and Florsch 2010). The variation of shale resistivity and the Archie exponent m at different pressures is caused by the closure of microfractures at 500 psi, the narrowing of mesopores/macropores between 500 and 3,500 psi, and the pore-throat reduction beyond 3,500 psi. This study indicates that unlike typical reservoirs, the Archie exponent m for shale is sensitive to depth of burial because of the soft nature of the shale pore system. An equation is developed to predict m under different pressures after microfracture closure. Our study provides recommended experimental procedures for the calculation of the Archie exponent m for shales, leading to improved accuracy for well-log interpretation within shale formations when using Archie-based equations.