bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of pre-training and initialization methods of neural networks
Authors: Bobyl B. , Tereschenko V.
Published: July 2020

In this paper we investigate main pre-training and initialization methods of parameter values of neural networks such as pre-training using restricted Boltzmann machines, deep autoencoders, Glorot and He initialization of parameters, transfer learning and domain adaptation. Given methods are useful for finding of appropriate parameter values and initial initialization of neural network, what is necessary condition for further efficient training of deep models, because it give a possibility during training to reduce negative effects such as vanishing or explosion of gradient, overfitting, stucking in one of local minimums of loss function, etc. These methods belong to group of unsupervised training algorithms and do not need any labeling for data which will be used later for model’s training after parameters initialization. Firstly, in this paper, we analyze all these methods and describe advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Secondly, we describe results of our experiments applying these methods for solving of classification task of MNIST dataset and introduce ideas for further development and improvement of these algorithms.
PERSONAL QUALITIES OF RESCUERS HAVING PROFESSIONAL ESTRANGEMENT
Authors: Sergienko O.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the research on personal qualities and characteristics of rescuers manifesting signs of professional estrangement. In extreme and extraordinary conditions, in particular, during fires and natural disasters, the requirements for certain personal characteristics of rescuers are significantly increased. That is, professional activity in special conditions significantly affects such professionals: on the one hand, personal development is promoted, and on the other hand, personal qualities can be deformed, therefore, it is necessary to determine specialists whose psychological characteristics do not corresponds the requirements of their work, or to re-allocate them for workplaces with taking into account their individual psychological peculiarities. The obtained results suggest that personal qualities of rescuers identifying themselves with their profession and rescuers with signs of professional estrangement are significantly different. Professionals with a high level of professional identification are characterized as decent and courteous in relations at work and out-of-work. They usually respond adequately to criticism or remarks, and behave on the base of their own emotions and ambitions at conflict situations. Specialists manifesting professional estrangement are often characterized as depressed individuals, dissatisfied with their position or the state of affairs at their work; so they often show ineffectiveness, indecision, and inconsistency in their actions during assignment implementations. Such specialists are characterized by their colleagues as conflict, irresponsible, stubborn and undisciplined people. They can respond inadequately on criticisms or comments. In general, the professional work for them is too difficult and leads to excessive mental stress, rapid fatigue, a feeling of impotence and exhaustion.
Evidence of Previous Faulting along the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Ruptures
Authors: Thompson Jobe Jessica Ann , Philibosian Belle , Chupik Colin , Dawson Timothy , K. Bennett Scott E. , Gold Ryan , DuRoss Christopher , Ladinsky Tyler , Kendrick Katherine , Haddon Elizabeth , Pierce Ian , Swanson Brian , Seitz Gordon
Published: July 2020

The July 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes in southeastern California were characterized as surprising by some, because only ∼35% of the rupture occurred on previously mapped faults. Employing more detailed inspection of pre-event high-resolution topography and imagery in combination with field observations, we document evidence of active faulting in the landscape along the entire fault system. Scarps, deflected drainages, and lineaments and contrasts in topography, vegetation, and ground color demonstrate previous slip on a dense network of orthogonal faults, consistent with patterns of ground surface rupture observed in 2019. Not all of these newly mapped fault strands ruptured in 2019. Outcrop-scale field observations additionally reveal tufa lineaments and sheared Quaternary deposits. Neotectonic features are commonly short (<2  km), discontinuous, and display en echelon patterns along both the M 6.4 and M 7.1 ruptures. These features are generally more prominent and better preserved outside the late Pleistocene lake basins. Fault expression may also be related to deformation style: scarps and topographic lineaments are more prevalent in areas where substantial vertical motion occurred in 2019. Where strike-slip displacement dominated in 2019, the faults are mainly expressed by less prominent tonal and vegetation features. Both the northeast- and northwest-trending active-fault systems are subparallel to regional bedrock fabrics that were established as early as ∼150  Ma, and may be reactivating these older structures. Overall, we estimate that 50%–70% (i.e., an additional 15%–35%) of the 2019 surface ruptures could have been recognized as active faults with detailed inspection of pre-earthquake data. Similar detailed mapping of potential neotectonic features could help improve seismic hazard analyses in other regions of eastern California and elsewhere that likely have distributed faulting or incompletely mapped faults. In areas where faults cannot be resolved as single throughgoing structures, we recommend a zone of potential faulting should be used as a hazard model input.
Connecting Courses, Curriculum, and Community, in Chicago
Authors: Hague Euan
Published: July 2020

I am deeply honored to receive the 2019 Barbara A. Holland Scholar-Administrator Award as I believe strongly in interconnecting the elements of an urban institution: students, faculty, and community members, and integrating these within the classroom, curriculum, disciplinary structures, and administrative best practices. What is more, I suggest that such an integrative approach should be fundamental to our scholarly practice, as teaching, research and community engagement inform and reinforce each other. Our institutions give us opportunities to draw upon considerable resources that can be used to aid disadvantaged communities and, as professionals in the academy, we are well-positioned to pursue pedagogy that can make a difference in our society.
Clinical efficacy of different dosage forms containing vitamin D: design and study outcomes of a randomized, comparative clinical trial
Authors: Sapkal Nidhi , Chhaya Gaurav , Satya Milan , Shah Dhara
Published: July 2020

Background: Different dosage forms of vitamin D like tablets, soft gelatin capsules, oral granules, powders, solutions and thin films are available. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of three different dosage forms of vitamin D3 namely, orally disintegrating strips, oral granules and oral solution.

Methods: An open label, single centre, prospective, randomized, parallel group, comparative study was conducted for a period of 4 months. The study participants were divided into three groups (A, B, C) and received the respective treatments (orally disintegrating strips, n=20; granules, n=20; oral nano solution, n=10) for the study period. The estimation of blood levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D3] in all the subjects at day 0, 60 and 120 was carried out.

Results: The normalization level of 25(OH)D3 achieved by the subjects in group A, group B and group C was 100%, 83.3% and 90% respectively after 90 days. Comparison of 25(OH)D3 level in all three groups showed significant increase at day 60. The levels were maintained at day 90 and 120 even after drastic reduction in dosage in Group A and group C. On day 120, the dose reduction was in the order of group A>group C>group B.

Conclusions: All the three formulations showed increase in the level of 25(OH)D3. It can be concluded that oral disintegrating strips of 25(OH)D3 are clinically more efficient than other conventional dosage forms.
A retrospective study: root cause analysis of reported serious adverse event and development of corrective action and preventive action for deviated serious adverse event reports at a clinical trial site management office
Authors: Raddi Dayanand , Deveriniti Revena S. , Ganachari M. S. , Salimath Geetanjali
Published: July 2020

Background: Serious adverse events (SAEs) are preventable if reported on time. Assessment of harm caused by clinical trials is difficult than assessing the benefits as it relied on the information as recorded by the study team. Hence it is important to have knowledge about quality safety reporting. The objectives of the study were to assess root cause for the timeline deviation found in SAE report and to develop the corrective action and preventive action to minimize deviation rate.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in KLE’s Hospital and MRC, Belagavi. Data was collected from SAE documented trial study files. Between August 2016 to August 2019, 25 SAE occurred during clinical trials which were included in the study through complete enumeration and purposive sampling.

Results: Data was analyzed for SAE reporting timeline where in no deviation was found in initial report. It was seen that all SAEs were not related to investigational product. The narrations of SAE were according to standardized format as per Ethics Committee review report. A gap was observed between onset of SAE and initial report in 16 case reports.

Conclusions: The study concluded that there was a lag in reporting from onset of SAE to initial report even though there was no deviation observed in the initial report timeline. The main contributing factors were admitting in different hospital without information and lack of knowledge by subjects or their relatives which shows the need of awareness about quality safety reporting.
Prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in HIV/AIDS persons and correlation with CD4 count, HAART drug and duration of illness
Authors: Gangannavar Ayyanagouda A. , G. Raghu , V. Mahendra S. , B. K. Manoj Kumar , Rajoor Umesh
Published: July 2020

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by decrease in CD4 cell count and immunodeficiency, leading to opportunistic infections (OIs) and tumors.  Objective of this study was to find out any association between thyroid function abnormality and CD4 count, duration of disease and ART drugs.Methods: Among 300 HIV/AIDS Persons attending ART centre, M.Y. Hospital, or attending general OPD, or admitted as in patients Dept. of Medicine, MGM Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore, India.Results: Amongst 300 HIV patients,62 (20.66%) had thyroid dysfunction, most common being subclinical hypothyroidism (24/300, 8.0%) followed by sick euthyroid (17/300, 5.6%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (13/300, 4.3%). Overt hypothyroidism was present in 5 of 300 (1.66%) patients and overt hyperthyroidism was present in 3 of 300 (1.0%) patients.  25 of 152 (16.44%) and 37 of 148 (25%) male and female HIV patients had thyroid function abnormality. Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more observed in old HIV patients (42/150, 28.0%) than in newly diagnosed HIV patient’s group (20/150, 13.33%).Conclusions: This prevalence being fairly high, it can be suggested that all retro positive patients, recently diagnosed and on treatment also may be subjected for routine thyroid function testing.
Tumoral calcinosis, a diagnostic dilemma: a case report
Authors: Altaf Javed , Rashid Tajamul , Husain Musharraf , Arif Mohammad , Ahmad Manzoor
Published: July 2020

Tumoral calcinosis is a rare diagnosis characterized by deposition of calcium salts in peri-articular soft tissue regions. It is divided into primary and secondary varieties. The primary tumoral calcinosis is further divided into two types; primary hyperphosphatemic type and primary normophosphatemic type. The secondary variety occurs in association with chronic renal failure. Biochemical assessment and typical radiographic features help in diagnosis. Mainstay of treatment for primary variety is surgical. Secondary variety is mainly treated by medical measures. Surgical intervention is reserved for patients who do not respond to medical therapy.
El derecho a la salud en tiempos de pandemia en Colombia: entre la inequidad endémica y el estado de emergencia
Authors: García-Echeverry Francy Alejandra , Moreno-Amézquita Jaime Eduardo , Pinto-Bustamante Boris Julián , Gómez-Córdoba Ana Isabel
Published: July 2020

Propósito/Contexto. La pandemia por COVID-19 y la emergencia sanitaria desencadenada permite analizar, desde la bioética y el bioderecho, los problemas relativos al principio de justicia distributiva, en el contexto estructural de la inequidad endémica en Colombia.Metodología/Enfoque. Este artículo realiza un análisis de los ajustes normativos en Colombia en relación con la garantía del derecho a la salud, en el contexto de la atención a la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Resultados/Hallazgos. A pesar de los ajustes normativos y la declaración del estado de emergencia sanitaria en Colombia, la persistencia de la inequidad social y económica en distintas regiones, la no intervención sobre determinantes sociales, las irregulares condiciones laborales de los trabajadores de la salud y las dificultades para materializar el principio de reciprocidad constituyen barreras para mitigar los efectos negativos de la pandemia sobre las poblaciones más vulnerables.Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Ningún sistema de salud en el mundo estaba preparado para los retos que genera la pandemia y aun cuando se emitió normatividad de contingencia, siguen siendo críticas las profundas brechas de justicia distributiva e inequidad regional en Colombia, así como el incumplimiento de principios enunciados en la ley estatutaria de salud.
Calibración cinemática de una ruteadora CNC usandoun modelo cuasi-estático de error y fotogrametría monocular
Authors: Grisales-Grisales Norbey , Durango-Idárraga Sebastián , Álvarez-Vargas César Augusto , Flórez-Hurtado Rubén Darío
Published: July 2020

La precisión y exactitud, que son requerimientos habituales en los procesos de manufactura, están definidas por el contexto de fabricación, tanto desde las especificaciones del proceso como desde el propio sistema de manufactura. La calibración cinemática de sistemas electromecánicos contribuye a lograr los requerimientosdefabricación. Este trabajo presenta un método de calibración cinemática para una ruteadora CNC que opera en un contexto de tolerancias dimensionales lineales ISO 2768-c. El método de calibración está basado en la estimación de los parámetros de un modelo cinemático con una representación de variaciones dimensionales (lineales y angulares) de la estructura. La estimación de los parámetros es realizada a partir de errores de maquinado medidos mediante fotogrametría monocular de un patrón geométrico que registra un mecanizado intencional. La calibración se implementó en una máquina CNC mediante ajuste del código G, alcanzando así los requerimientos de fabricación exigidos por el contexto propuesto
Optimización termodinámica de la transferencia de calor en flujos internos de gases con insertos tipo anillo cónico
Authors: Baritto Miguel , Otero Sergio , Suarez Luis , Bracamonte Johane
Published: July 2020

El uso de insertos estáticos permite el diseño de intercambiadores de calor de menor volumen, pero también pueden ser implementados en equipos existentes para mejorar su rendimiento. En este trabajo se desarrolla una metodología para la optimización termodinámica de insertos cónicos para el calentamiento de gases en tuberías a partir de un modelo algebraico adimensional. Se plantean y resuelven dos casos de optimización: el diseño de un intercambiador de calor en donde las únicas variables fijas son la temperatura de entrada y la transferencia de calor requerida. El segundo caso es la incorporación de los insertos a un intercambiador existente, en donde la temperatura de carga, flujo de masa y las características geométricas de la tubería son los parámetros fijos. Como resultados se presenta un análisis paramétrico en donde se estudia la influencia de distintos parámetros de diseño en la temperatura de descarga y la irreversibilidad termodinámica. Luego se presentan los resultados del proceso de optimización para distintas combinaciones de parámetros, y se discute las tendencias encontradas en las configuraciones óptimas. Los resultados son aplicados en un ejemplo para ilustrar el interés práctico de la metodología. Se encontró que para ambos casos de optimización las configuraciones óptimas corresponden a la mínima severidad de los insertos, mientras que los diseños óptimos corresponden siempre a la mínima relación de aspecto posible (L/D) para las tuberías, mientras que el número de tubos, contemplado en el número de Reynolds, se ajusta para satisfacer la temperatura de descarga
Métodos numéricos para el desarrollo de una turbina hidrocinética tipo Gorlov
Authors: Pineda-Ortiz Juan Camilo , Chica-Arrieta Edwin Lenin
Published: July 2020

Actualmente, a nivel mundial las energías alternativas han tomado gran importancia en las diversas aplicaciones relacionadas con el desarrollo del sector energético, entre las cuales podemos mencionar la energía solar, eólica, hidráulica, geotérmica y mareomotriz. Una nueva tecnología que aprovecha la energía cinética de la corriente de agua en canales naturales y/o artificiales e inclusivede las corrientes marinas son las turbinas hidrocinéticas. En este trabajo, se presenta un estudio de los diferentes métodos numéricos que pueden ser de utilidad para diseñar, analizar y optimizar sistemas de generación energética a partir de turbinas hidrocinéticas.
Research and development of civil engineering intelligent structure system
Authors: Xu Hongying
Published: July 2020

With the fast-paced development of China's economy, science and technology have made rapid progress, as well as the research on civil engineering construction. In particular, civil engineering intelligent structure system has evolved into one of the world's leading disciplines and is also the future development trend, attracting extensive attention and research from professionals in this field. This paper mainly analyzes the research and current development of civil engineering intelligent structure system, and gives reasonable suggestions based on the main problems, so as to provide some references for better development and progress of this technology.
La gestión de placeres y daños: Estudio etnográfico sobre el consumo de drogas en vía pública, viviendas y salas de consumo higiénico
Authors: Clua-García Rafael
Published: July 2020

Las salas de consumo higiénico (SCH) son espacios para consumir drogas en condiciones higiénicas y seguras. Sin embargo, los usuarios alternan sus prácticas de consumo en vía pública y viviendas, entornos que conllevan mayores riesgos a la salud. Para comprender mejor este problema, se realizó un estudio etnográfico en diferentes espacios de consumo de Barcelona, incluyendo SCH, vía pública y viviendas. Centrándonos en los discursos y prácticas de consumo, se recogieron datos mediante la observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas a 16 usuarios de las SCH. Los resultados muestran que, en los diferentes espacios de consumo, los usuarios experimentan varios tipos de placer. Además, estos espacios están asociados a diversos daños, los cuales son gestionados por los usuarios autorregulando sus prácticas. Estos aspectos, por lo tanto, deben tenerse en cuenta para diseñar acciones de reducción de daños adaptadas a las necesidades de los usuarios.
La estrategia contrainsurgente en el conflicto armado colombiano desde el realismo defensivo (1962-1966)
Authors: Urueña-Sánchez Mario Iván , Dermer-Wodnicky Miriam
Published: July 2020

Este artículo parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo una débil amenaza puede convertirse en una amenaza real, incluso ante la ausencia de una amenaza concreta? Para lo cual se plantea como hipótesis que los factores que pueden llevar a que esto ocurra en el caso de la implementación de la Alianza para el Progreso fueron 1. La oposición de visiones entre personal militar y diplomático, 2. La transmisión de información sesgada por parte de los tomadores de decisión de un país aliado y 3. La influencia de sistemas de creencias preexistentes. La innovación del enfoque propuesto radica en el uso de la teoría del realismo defensivo para evaluar por un lado el rol de las capacidades materiales y por el otro de las percepciones de los tomadores de decisión en la creación de una amenaza real desde una débil. Así se llega a la conclusión que los aspectos cognitivos pueden derivar en la sobreestimación de una amenaza mediante la equivocada disposición de las capacidades materiales.
Reconocimiento internacional de Palestina: algunas consideraciones desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional
Authors: Duarte Herrera Lisbeth Katherine , Miramontes Romero Jorge Daniel
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo apunta a establecer si el reconocimiento internacional es un elemento sine qua non para la constitución de Palestina como Estado y si este reconocimiento está supeditado a la resolución del histórico conflicto que tiene con Israel. A la luz del Derecho Internacional y de la Teoría del Estado, se analizan los elementos constitutivos del Estado, así como las teorías del reconocimiento y el procedimiento de admisión de Estados ante las Naciones Unidas, a partir de fuentes de información de corte secundario; como bases de datos académicas y fuentes oficiales. Finalmente, se presenta un análisis sobre la posición de los miembros del Consejo de Seguridad frente a la situación de Palestina y se revisa qué tanto el reconocimiento de Palestina pasa por resolver el conflicto que tienen pendiente.
Emerging of Cutaneous Leishmaniais due to Leishmania major in a New Focus in Esfahan Province, Central Iran
Authors: Jafari Reza , Abdoli Hamid , Arandian Mohammad Hossein , Shareghi Nilofar , Ghanei Maryam , Jalali-Zand Nilofar , Nekoeian Shahram , Veysi Arshad , Montazeri Ahmad , Ghasemi Amirabdollah , Ramazanpour Javad , Fadaei Reza , Akhavan Amir Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Background: Esfahan Province is considered as one of the main focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iran. Recently, ZCL distribution is expanding through this province leading to report of new cases in non-endemic areas. In the current study epidemiological aspects of ZCL has been investigated in Naein County in Esfahan Province.
Methods: Adult sand flies were collected from beginning to the end of their seasonal activity. Rodents were caught by Sherman live traps once a month for one year. To active case detection, a hundred households in each selected village were visited in November and December 2016. Nested-PCR was employed to detect Leishmania parasite in the vector, reservoir and human.
Results: Totally 1562 sand flies including Phlebotomus sergenti, Phlebotomus papatasi, Sergentomyia sintoni and Sergentomyia mervinae were collected and identified. No Leishmania infection was detected in the collected sand flies. All of the 30 collected rodents were identified as Rhombomys opimus, and of these 3.3% and 26.7% were infected by Leishmania major using microscopic and molecular technique respectively. Totally, 914 individuals were investigated and the ulcer and scar rates of ZCL calculated to be at 1.1 and 15.3 per 1000 population, respectively. Molecular results confirmed L. major infection in human and reservoir samples.
Conclusion: It is concluded that ZCL is established in the area in low endemicity, and it is extrapolated the disease will not be a serious increasing health problem in the near future in this region.
Hardening, microstructure, and shrinkage development of UHPC: A review
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Shi Caijun , Wu Zemei
Published: July 2020

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) refers to cement-based materials exhibiting com- pressive strength higher than 120 MPa, high ductility, and excellent durability. High cracking tendency of UHPC derived from autogenous shrinkage can be a concern due to its high binder content and low water to binder ratio (w/b). This paper reviewed early hardening, microstructure, and shrinkage develop- ment of UHPC. The effect of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash, limestone powder, rice husk ash, and nano-mate- rials, and curing methods on hydration and microstructure was reviewed. In addition, the effect of cement, water content, aggregate, chemical admixtures, SCMs, curing methods, and fiber on the shrinkage of UHPC was summarized. Different methods to compensate and/or reduce the early-age shrinkage of UHPC were introduced.
THE COMBINATION OF CLASSICAL TESTS AND METHODS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF CUSHING’S SYNDROME OF DIFFERENT GENESIS
Authors: Shafigullina Z. R. , Velikanova L. I. , Vorokhobina N. V. , Malevanaya E. V. , Strelnikova E. G. , Pal’cman Z. V.
Published: July 2020

Immunochemical methods of analysis are traditionally used for diagnosis of various forms of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). In the presence of boundary values of hormonal parameters, doubtful situations, a combination of changes both in pituitary and in adrenal glands, it is useful to determine additional differential diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of various forms of CS. Urinary steroid profiles (USP) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for 38 females with adrenal Cushing’s syndrome (CSA), 42 females with pituitary CS (CSP) and 25 healthy females (control group). An increase of free cortisol/free cortisone ratio in the urine (UFF/UFE) for CSP patients in comparison of CSA was obtained by HPLC method. Decreased urinary excretion of UFF and UFE by more than 60% after the 8 mg dexamethasone suppression test had 100% sensitivity and specificity of more than 90% for the diagnosis of CSP. GC-MS method in patients with CSA and CSG revealed the peculiarities of androgens, progestins and glucocorticoids metabolism which leaded to obtain specific USP for CS of different genesis. Increased urinary excretions of dehydroepiandrosterone and its metabolites, metabolites of androstenedione, the ratio of sum of cortisol and cortisone tetrahydrometabolites to tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol (more then 36) in CSP patients compared with CSA are additional signs for differential diagnosis of these diseases. The combination of classical tests and USP obtained by HPLC and GC-MS methods increased the sensitivity and specificity of differential diagnosis of CSA and CSP.
PECULIARITIES OF FIRE-FIGHTING CEREBRAL BRAIN WOUND IN PEACEFUL TIMES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Popov V. E. , Livshits M. I. , Manzhos P. I. , Mai R. B. , Vasin R. A.
Published: July 2020

Firearms craniocerebral wounds of peacetime are the one of urgent problems of modern neurosurgery. There are no clear statistics, the approved classification of gunshot wounds to the head, algorithm of the treatment and tactics of managing children patients. The greatest number of cases of injuries is caused by modern pneumatic and gas guns, which, by their capacity, are not inferior to firearms. The purpose of this study is to summarize the accumulated experience in countries where there is a legalization of weapons and there was registered a high percentage of its spread among the civilian population, as well as the use of prognostic scales for choosing the tactics of treating patients with gunshot wounds to the head.
CASE OF THE IDIOPATHIC PERPORATION OF THE GALLBLADDER IN THE CHILD OF ONE YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: Poddubnyy I. V. , Trunov V. O. , Kozlov M. Yu. , Shcherbakova O. V. , Galkina Ya. A. , Mordvin P. A. , Manukyan S. R. , Malashenko A. S. , Murchina A. N. , Gurzo Yu. D. , Cherkashin A. A.
Published: July 2020

In the present work, there is presented an experience of phased surgical treatment of the perforation of the gall bladder in children of different age groups. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention being crucial in this pathology, allow increase the survival rate of patients. The complexity of the primary diagnosis and the rare occurrence of this pathology in our opinion make this publication to be relevant.
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA AND RIGHT AORTIC ARCH
Authors: Kozlov Yu. A. , Novozhilov V. A. , Veber I. N. , Rasputin A. A. , Kovalkov K. A. , Chubko D. M. , Baradieva P. Zh. , Zvonkov D. A. , Timofeev A. D. , Ochirov Ch. B. , Rasputina N. V. , Us G. P. , Kuznetsova N. N. , Kononenko M. I.
Published: July 2020

Right-sided (right, in dextral position) aortic arch (RAA) is recorded in approximately 5% of esophageal atresia (EA) patients. This vascular abnormality may complicate the surgical treatment of EA and is still an unsolved problem in pediatric surgery. Conventional methods for determining the anatomy of the aortic arch do not always provide accurate data, which can lead to thoracotomy on the side of the aortic arch. Skills and preferences of the surgeon still determine the choice of surgical approach in EA patients with RAA. For most experienced surgeons, to make anastomosis of the esophagus in patients with RAA from right access is not so difficult. However, in EA patients with RAA, combined with the vascular ring, left-sided thoracotomy can make the final combined reconstruction technically simpler. In this scientific review, we sought to determine the prevalence rate of RAA in the population of EA patients, the level of pre-operative evaluation of this vascular anomaly, and the existing surgical strategies that consist in choosing the optimal side for access to the esophagus.
PERITONITE OR DEBUT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Okunev N. A. , Okuneva Aleksandra I. , Soldatov O. M. , Budanova M. A.
Published: July 2020

Peritonitis is a common complication in pediatric surgery. It can occur not only in acute surgical pathology, but also in diseases of the general pediatric profile, for example, in diabetes mellitus. Quite often just the peritonitis is the manifestation of diabetes mellitus. However, when there is a syndrome of the “acute” abdomen, “stressful” hyperglycemia may occur, which is aimed at maintaining the vital activity of the body. Determination the level of blood glucose fails to provide an opportunity to differentiate them. There is always a risk of diagnostic errors.
INTRAOPERATIVE INFUSION THERAPY IN NEWBORNS
Authors: Kucherov Yury I. , Zhirkova Yu. V. , Nasser M. M.
Published: July 2020

Intraoperative infusion in newborns and premature infants is a very important part of anesthesia, which affects the course and long-term results of the surgical treatment. The purpose of the infusion therapy in these children is to maintain normovolemia, adequate oxygen supply to tissues, normalization of the acid-base state, electrolyte balance and normoglycemia. In most cases, the maintenance of hemodynamics in newborns and premature infants requires the use of large amounts of crystalloid preparations, which in turn, due to their physical and chemical properties, lead to additional changes in the neurohumoral status of the child. Therefore, at the present stage of anesthesiology more and more works are devoted to the experience of using balanced solutions containing carriers of reserve alkalinity. The influence of such solutions on the electrolyte balance and acid-base state is evaluated. A separate issue is concerned with the intraoperative need for glucose in newborn infants, the dosing of glucose in anesthesia, and the percentage of glucose in the solutions used. Correction of all pathophysiological disorders inevitably occurring in the immature body of a newborn, especially a premature baby, is the most important factor for achieving the optimal therapeutic effect.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OPEN DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Aleksi-Meskhishvili V. V. , Kozlov Yury A.
Published: July 2020

The open arterial duct (OAD) means the maintenance of the OAD patency in the postnatal period within 48-72 hours after birth. OAD in preterm infants is of particular importance and often determines their survival. The presence of OAD significantly reduces chances of premature babies to recover, as it contributes to the emergence and aggravation of diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), renal dysfunction, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), cerebral palsy and, often, the death of a newborn. From this point of view, there is appeared the importance of diagnosis and treatment of OAD in premature newborns to improve the prognosis of life in this category of patients. Until today, there is no generally accepted strategy for treating OAD in premature infants. As a result, in various neonatal centers, even within the same country, doctors adhere to different tactics in the treatment of OAD in premature infants. Surgical correction of the hemodynamically significant OAP is indicated for premature infants dependent on artificial ventilation of the lungs, with lack of the effect of the drug therapy or inability to introduce medication. In this scientific review, 3 technologies of surgical treatment of OAD are discussed: open surgery, thoracoscopy, and endovascular treatment. Special attention is paid to postoperative management of patients and prevention of complications.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC RECURRENT HEMATOGENOUS OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Shamsiev A. M. , Shamsiev Zh. A. , Zainiev S. S.
Published: July 2020

Our aim is to evaluate the possibilities and effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) in a complex of the examination of patients with chronic recurrent hematogenic osteomyelitis of tubular bones. The effectiveness of the CT use in a complex of examination of 60 chronic recurrent hematogenous osteomyelitis of tubular bones in patients aged from 7 to 22 years was analyzed in the work. CT, in contrast to the survey X-ray, made it possible to more accurately determine the true dimensions of the destructive process in the affected bone. In all cases, CT surpassed traditional radiography in the identifying small sequesters promoting chronic inflammation and causing a persistently recurrent course of the disease. With the help of CT, delineated foci of destruction, i.e., intraosseous abscesses, were clearly visualized, whereas with the plain X-ray this substrate was not detected. The obtained data show the high resolution of the CT, to provide with complete information on pathomorphological changes in the bone. This seems extremely important for planning treatment tactics and choosing the amount of surgical intervention.
GENETICS OF VESICOURETERAL REFLUX
Authors: Shakhnovskiy D. S. , Zorkin S. N. , Savost’Anov K. V. , Pushkov A. A.
Published: July 2020

Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is known to be the most common urological anomaly in children, witch affects 1-2% of pediatric population and 30-40% of children, developing urinary tract infections (UTIs). The hereditary and familial nature of VUR is well established and in several studies was proved that siblings of children with VUR have a higher incidence of reflux than it is in general pediatric population. Familial clustering of VUR implies that genetic factors have an important role in its pathogenesis, but to date no single major locus or gene for VUR has been identified and most researchers acknowledge that VUR is genetically heterogeneous. Improvements in genome wide scan techniques and continuously increasing knowledge of the genetic basis of VUR should lead us to further insights on VUR pathogenesis.
PECULIARITIES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OVARIAN CYSTS IN NEWBORNS
Authors: Leiga A. V. , Volovik K. G. , Chepurnoy G. I. , Chepurnoy M. G. , Kovalev M. V. , Khoronko Yu. V.
Published: July 2020

The aim of the work is to improve the results of the surgical treatment of congenital ovarian cysts in newborns. Material and methods. From 1982 to 2017, 147 newborns with simple ovarian cysts were treated at the clinic. The main diagnostic method was clinical - ultrasound. Two groups of patients were compared: with access according to Pfannenstiel incision and paraumbilical access. The technology of surgical intervention with paraumbilical access is described in detail. Results. In comparative studies, the benefits of parumbilical access are fully in line with the requirements of modern “open” pediatric surgery for the removal of ovarian cysts (OC) in newborns. There was noted a unique feature of the torsion of simple congenital OK: the emerging ischemia of the cysts leads only to the development of aseptic necrosis without purulent-inflammatory changes in the cyst itself and the adhesive process around. Conclusion. Para-umbilical access during surgical removal of OC may be an alternative to laparoscopic when the latter can not be used. Bearing in mind the torsion of most simple OC to occur in the antenatal period, as well as the asymptomatic course of the disease in the neonatal period, we consider it necessary to operate children with this pathology in the first 2 days after birth.
MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF OVARIES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Sibirskaya E. V. , Sharkov S. M. , Shostenko A. V. , Medvedeva A. O.
Published: July 2020

Tumors of the ovaries in girls represent an actual problem in modern gynecology. First of all, this is due to diagnostic difficulties, due to the absence of characteristic complaints, asymptomatic course and the complexity of the gynecological examination, which leads to the establishment of an erroneous diagnosis, the lack of correct and timely treatment and, as a consequence, the occurrence of complications that often negatively affect the reproductive function of the patient in further. The differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors in girls is still one of the most important problems of modern practical gynecology. The presence of a combined pathology in many patients, which is in 30-40% according to the WHO, puts the problem of the possibility of the simultaneous correction by surgeon and gynecologist. In connection with the difficulty of diagnosing, the diagnosis of such patients must necessarily include an examination by a pediatric surgeon and gynecologist with ultrasound examination of the retroperitoneal space, abdominal cavity organs, and small pelvis. Errors in the differential diagnosis of genital and extragenital diseases occur quite often and are mainly due to the similarity of clinical symptoms. This article presents a clinical case of the diagnosis and management of a 14-year-old patient with an adjacent diagnosis, as well as diagnostic search criteria for the differential diagnosis of gynecological and surgical pathologies.
LAPAROSCOPIC REIMPLANTATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF URETERAL DUPLICATIONS WITH PRIMARY MEGAURETERS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Vryblevskiy S. G. , Poddubniy I. V. , Shmyrov O. S. , Kulaev A. V. , Vrublevskaya E. N. , Lazishvili M. N. , Vrublevskiy A. S. , Imanalieva A. A.
Published: July 2020

Ureteral duplication is an abnormality of the urogenital tract, which may be presented in about 0,8% of the population. However, in some cases, a complete doubling of the collective system is combined with such defects as megaureter, ureterocele, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary incontinence, and others. Currently, there are several treatment options for children with urological pathology in the doubling of the kidneys. Depending on the type of pathology and the functional state of the affected segment, this can be both organ-bearing operations (heminephrouretherectomy), and reconstructive plastic interventions - ureterocystoneoimplantation of the one ureter or both ureters by a “single unit”, as well as the formation of inter-uterine anastomoses. In recent years, there was appeared the possibility to use endovideosurgical technologies for the reconstruction of the urinary tract. The article presents the experience of using laparoscopic reimplantation of the ureter in the correction of various variants of defects in doubling the upper urinary tract in children. But on the other hand, complete ureteral duplication can be detected in the association with ureter hydronephrosis, ureterocele, and ectopic ureters. Another common disease, which can coexist with duplication is vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
TO THE QUESTION OF THE TERATOGENESIS OF GASTROSCHISIS
Authors: Razin M. P. , Zheleznov L. M.
Published: July 2020

Gastroschisis is a severe congenital malformation of the development, characterized by celosoma (defect in the anterior abdominal wall and intrauterine intestinal eventration). The origin of the malformation is currently not fully investigated. Most authors consider the cause of gastroschisis to be a violation of the formation of the anterior abdominal wall, in contrast to omphalocele, which is unanimously considered a malrotation of the first period of rotation of the midgut. The authors compare known facts about gastroschisis and new literary (including experimental) data. The analysis allows us to conclude gastroschisis to be an associated defect of intestinal malrotation and development of the anterior abdominal wall.
The effect of cumin essential oil on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of vetch-oat silages
Authors: AKINCI Yiğit , SOYCAN ÖNENÇ Sibel
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study has been conducted in order to determine the effect of cumin essential oil on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, in vitro metabolic energy contents and relative feed value of vetch-oat silages. Material and Methods: Vetch and oat were harvested in May and were wilted for approximately 3 hours. Cumin essential oil was added to silages at CMN2:200 mg/kg, CMN3:300 mg/kg and CMN5:500 mg/kg levels, while no addition was made to the control (CON) group. Vetch-oat mixture was placed in plastic bags, and these bags were vacuumed and were stored at 8±2 °C, at laboratory conditions. In the following 70 days after the ensilage, three packages from each group were opened, and silages were analysed in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological analysis. Aerobic stability test was conducted for five days to silages, which were opened at the end of the ensilage period. Moreover, enzyme soluble organic matter (ESOM) amount, metabolic energy (ME) contents, and relative feed value (RFV) were determined. Results: The addition of essential oil prevented crude protein (CP) degradation, and found out to be higher in experimental groups in comparison to the control group (CMN2: %10.04, CMN3: %10.25, CMN5: % 10.25) (P<0.05). The ammonia nitrogen levels (NH3-N) have also decreased depending upon the increase in the amount of the added essential oil (P<0.05). It was also found out that neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose contents were low in CMN3 and CMN5 groups (P<0.05). It was also determined that with the addition of essential oil, the amount of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased (P<0.05), and the amount of yeast and mould decreased both at anaerobic and aerobic periods. Conclusion: Cumin essential oil increased the fermentation qualities of vetch-oat silages. Moreover, it affected the relative feed value positively.
Development of a methodology to study the expenditures of working time in a research library
Authors: Danilova L. Yu.
Published: July 2020

The key task of each library is to ensure its high performance. Under the conditions of limited economic resources, the rational use, first of all, of labor resources, is of particular importance. The study of the working time of library specialists allows the solvation of a set of issues related to the organization and rationing of their work. However, this type of research is conducted in libraries rather rarely. Problems of studying the working hours of specialists and employees remain without due attention. The existing methods have been developed and are intended primarily for industrial production and the study of workers’ labor. Libraries have to adapt them basing on their goals, tasks, and capabilities. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the development and testing of an original methodology to study the expenditures of working time of specialists in order to normalize labor in the Far Eastern state research library (DVGNB).

The author compares the methods of data obtaining, evaluates the possibility of using different types of observation in library, and justifies the choice of the photo-timing method. The main attention is paid to the technology of observation. The main points of the preparatory stage are described in detail and that of processing the obtained data. As a result, the methodology to study the expenditures of working time and labor processes is tested, and it can be used in library practice to determine the structure of production activities and time for their implementation, to rationalize techniques and methods of work, to identify reasons for non-compliance of targets, unsustainable expenditures and loss of working time, to determine quantitative characteristics of personnel potential, etc.
Development vectors for research libraries: the review of the key reports at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress 2019
Authors: Redkina N. S.
Published: July 2020

The main theme of the 85th IFLA World Congress – the International Federation of Library Organizations and Institutions, which was held in Athens, Greece in 2019, was "Libraries: A Dialogue for Change". Once again, the congress brought together professionals from many countries of the world to solve the problems facing libraries of various forms. Their solution is achieved by developing common approaches to challenges at the global level (projects “Global Vision”, “Library Map of the World”, etc.), sharing best practices and methods, innovative forms of user service and resources generating. The purpose of this review is to present keynote reports delivered at the IFLA World Congress in 2019 on global trends in the development of research libraries. The selection of the reports was carried out by expert evaluation by the author, as well as some materials published on the Congress website. As a result, it was determined that libraries choose various ways and new methods of work to support researchers: by analyzing user needs; integrating librarians into the research life cycle; implementing the principles of open science and open access; developing discovery services and expanding the functionality of information resources; using artificial intelligence technologies, augmented and virtual reality, etc. This allows the creation of popular research support services, improving the quality of services, expanding the repertoire of information resources / products and services provided, modernize traditional forms and methods of work, and fully satisfy the information needs of users.