bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spongy Structures Coated with Carbon Nanomaterials
for Efficient Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Sultanov Fail , Bakbolat B. , Mansurov Zulkhair , Pei Shin-Shem , Ebrahim Rabi , Daulbayev Chingis , Urazgaliyeva A. , Tulepov Marat
Published: April 2016

Rapid progress of processing and transportation of oil and petroleum products may cause disaster for environment like oil spill. Oil booms, combustion, and oil skimmer vessels are usually used to clean up the oil spill, but often with poor efficiency and even with undesirable environmental side effects. With obtaining of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) (graphene, carbon nanotubes) and developing inexpensive technologies for their synthesis it has become perspective to use them for creation of 3D structures which may serve as a hydrophobic sorbents for oil and petroleum products. In this study, sponges coated with carbon nanomaterials were obtained using “dip-coating” method. Walls of commercially available polyurethane (PU) and melamine sponges were coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The resulting sponges are characterized by excellent mechanical properties, they are superhydprophobic, and they fully repel water and at the same time selectively absorb oil and organic liquids of different densities. We believe that superhydrophobic and superoleophilic sponges, the walls of which are coated with CNMs, are perspective candidates for reusable sorbents for collection of oil and petroleum products from the surface of water and moreover due to its excellent mechanical properties they can serve as a hydrophobic filtering materials for separation of oil from the surface of water.
Prediction and Verification of the Conditions Governing the Synthesis of Tailored Zeolite a for Heavy Metals Removal
Authors: Hani Heba A. , Tewfik Shadia R. , Sorour Mohamed H. , Monem Nabil Abdel
Published: April 2016

Numerous experimental trials, exhaustive analytical and testing procedures are usually undertaken, to reach the appropriate conditions for synthesis of “Zeolite A”. However, it is possible to come-up with a semi quantitative approach, through modeling and optimization techniques, to define the approximate range of initial conditions governing the preparation of a tailored zeolite with specific characteristics including silica to alumina ratio, particle size, and cation exchange capacity to be used for the removal of heavy metals. This paper is an attempt to adopt an engineering approach essentially comprising the formulation of a mathematical model relating the characteristics of zeolite A to the synthesis conditions based on numerous experimental published results, optimization to define the synthesis conditions required to produce specific zeolite A , verification of this proposed approach with experimental results for preparation of tailored zeolite A conducted at our laboratories and the assessment of its efficiency for separation of chromium (III). The composition of the synthesized zeolite A has been as anticipated and the removal of chromium (III) has been in agreement with the developed model. These results indicate that is possible to adopt this approach in a generic manner to select the optimum synthesis conditions for the preparation of zeolites having specific performance characteristics.
Plasmachemical Process of Destruction of Sulphide Polymers
Authors: Aknazarov S.H.
Published: April 2016

The process of destruction of sulphidic polymers is investigated and mechanism of formation of laser erosive plasma is offered. The using of modulator of good quality allows obtaining of ordered structure of laser plasma, which is formed as a toroid and kept by own magnetic field. The process of plasma formation and movement over the surface of the sample proceeds in three stages. At the first stage the dense hot nucleus of a torch absorbing laser radiation is formed. At the second stage there is a transition of thermal energy of plasma into kinetic energy of the directed dynamic movement. At the third stage – the plasmoid, having reached the maximum value of rate, is sharply hindered owing to interaction with the air medium, reorganization of the plasma dynamic movement itself takes place. Processes of plasma states under different conditions are separated both in space and in time.
Synthesis and Properties of Peroxy Oligomers Obtained by Telomerization Effects of the Presence of Bases
Authors: Bratychak Michael M. , Vostres Volodymyr B. , Abadie Marc J.M.
Published: April 2016

New bifunctional oligomers bearing peroxy groups have been synthesized by telomerization in one step reaction. For obtaining oligoperoxides (PO) by telomerization method, epoxide compounds will react with substances containing labile hydrogen atom. Using the principle of stochiometric imbalance between diepoxy compounds and substances with mobile hydrogen atoms and employing a functional peroxide as telogen, the synthesis of PO was studied. 2,2–Di[4–(2,3–epoxy–1-propoxy)phenyl]–propane (diglycidyl ether of diphenylol propane - DGEDPP), 1,2–Di (2,3–epoxy–1-propoxy) ethane (diglycidyl ether of ethylene glycol - DGEEG) and 1,2–Epoxy–3–tert–butylperoxypropane (EP) have been synthesized by methods reported in the literature. Chemical structures have been confirmed by NMR and FTIR, number-average molecular weights Mn of POs by cryoscopy, active oxygen content [O]act. for POs was determined by iodometry and epoxy number (e.n.) for POs was measured via direct titration of PO samples. A 50% solution of potassium or sodium isopropylates in 2-propanol is used to catalyze the telomerisation. Different parameters such as ratio of components, temperature, reaction time have been optimized in vu to get well defined peroxy oligomers. The presence of peroxy groups in synthesized POs allows us to employ these compounds as curing agents for polymers containing unsaturated double bonds and may be used to improve performance of unsaturated polyester GFR systems.
The Basic Results on Reinitiation Processes in Diffracting Multifront Detonations. Part I.
Authors: Vasil'ev A.A. , Trotsyuk A.V. , Fomin P.A. , Vasiliev V.A. , Rychkov V.N. , Desbordes D. , Khasainov B. , Presles H.N. , Vidal P. , Demontis P. , Priault C.
Published: April 2016

The basic results of experimental investigations on reinitiation processes in diffracting multifront detonation wave (DW) are discussed in connection with problem of practical application of new ecological technology for worn-out tire destruction, where the cooled worn-out tire destroys with the help of gaseous detonation. The experimental results for various fuel-oxygen and fuel-air mixtures are presented at wide range of mixture compositions, initial pressure and temperature, geometrical sizes of experimental equipment, symmetry types, dilution of inert gases, etc. Classical and nontraditional schema of DW-diffraction are investigated, such as multipointed initiation, DW-excitation by circular charge, initiation space-oriented longitudinal charges, initiation by circular charge, diffraction on concave boundary, diffraction on contact surface of different mixtures, flame diffraction, etc. The main characteristic parameters are identified for each diffraction schema. The physical processes taking place directly in the DW-front plays the governing role in reinitiation. The most important among these processes are collisions of transverse waves, which stick out as microscopic initiators. The optimization problem of DW-initiation from spatial and temporary distribution of energy is discussed carefully. This data can be used at hazard estimation also.
Aminoacids Derivatives with a Potential Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Sunel Valeriu , Popa Marcel , Verestiuc Liliana , Ivanov Claudia , Popa Aura Angelica
Published: April 2016

The paper presents the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives starting from asparagic acid. The reaction products were analysed from physical and chemical point of view and their biological activity (acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory activity and gastric tolerance) was evaluated. The product association with acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) improves its anti-inflammatory activity (higher with 38%). For acetylsalicylic acid dosing, in mixtures with benzimidazole derivatives, a new HPLC method has been proposed. The method is reproducible, selective and easy to manipulate. The derivatives based on benzimidazole and asparagic acid and their associates with acetylsalicylic acid present good anti-inflammatory properties.
Effect of Modification on Electrochemical Chelation of Polyimide Films
Authors: Kudaikulova Saule , Syzdykova Assima , Iskakov Rinat , Zhubanov Bulat , Akhmetova Juldyz , Moisseyevich Olga , Kurbatov Andrey , Akhmetov Tleuken , Abadie Marc J.M.
Published: April 2016

Novel procedure of electrochemical chelation of polyimide films was developed. The kinetics of silver cation sorptions into the films during the chelation was found out. The effect of modification treatment of film surfaces on kinetics of electrochemical process was studied. The stabilization of ion-sorbed layer of films occurs in water-isopropanol solvents. Sorption of silver during electrochemical deposition is 0.75-1.5 mg per 100 μm of polyimide depending on modification solution. Thus, the most appropriate morphological modification with about 1.5 mg/100 μm take places in heterocyclic solvents. The resulting metallized polyimide films show good non-washing out adhesion of metal into gel-like structured surfacial layers of the film.
Famílias Negras, Desigualdades, Saúde e Saneamento Básico no Brasil
Authors: SANTOS Sônia Beatriz dos
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo busca discutir a relação entre os efeitos das desigualdades – raciais/étnicas, de gênero e socioeconômicas – sobre as condições de vida e saúde das famílias negras, e, por conseguinte, a relação destas circunstâncias com o acesso ao saneamento básico - considerado um direito sanitário – deste segmento populacional no Brasil. Na primeira parte do artigo, abordamos a questão da desigualdade racial/étnica e sua intersecção com as desigualdades de gênero, e socioeconômicas, como um aspecto limitador do acesso a melhores condições de vida e saúde e aos bens e serviços que garantem estes direitos. E na segunda parte tentamos demonstrar a relação entre o acesso precário à infraestrutura de saneamento básico adequada (ou a inexistência deste provimento) e as condições de desigualdades enfrentadas pelas famílias negras, e que trazem como resultados agravos para a saúde das famílias negras pobres, comprometendo sua qualidade de vida. E por fim, concluímos trazendo uma reflexão acerca do SUS – Sistema Único de Saúde frente as questões apresentadas acerca das condições de desigualdades vivenciadas pelas famílias negras pobres no país.
Homer or Moses? A Hellenistic Perspective on Moses' Throne Vision in Ezekiel Tragicus
Authors: Heath Jane
Published: April 2016

Moses’ throne vision has strong visual appeal, yet its relationship to contemporary material culture has been absent from the wide-ranging scholarly debate on this scene. This essay draws attention to the hellenistic iconography of Homer as sceptred prince of poets. It suggests that Ezekiel Tragicus engaged with this widespread image in portraying Moses in this scene. The significance of the visual analogy is supported by the prophetic, royal, divine and even literary roles both figures have when they are presented in this way, and by the evidence that Jews more widely took an interest in the claims, achievement and challenge of Homer.
Scriptural Exegesis and the Pharisees in Josephus
Authors: Mandel Paul
Published: April 2016

The Pharisees are described by Josephus as ‘accurate exegetes (
ϵξηγηταί
) of the ancestral laws’. This epithet is also used to describe other legal instructional activity, such as that of the seven wise men in chapter one of the book of Esther. An analysis of this word based on its use in ancient Greek sources shows that it does not imply textual interpretation, but rather the categorical instruction in law, especially unwritten, traditional (sacral) law. Indeed, there is little evidence in the writings of Josephus or Philo for the sustained public study and interpretation of the text of Scripture, except by special groups such as the Essenes and Theraputae. Rather, both authors emphasise public instruction in laws, leading to their widespread familiarity. This suggests a revision of the common view of the Pharisees as interpreters of Scripture and of the putative centrality of Scriptural textual activity during the Second Temple period.
'Against Caesar's wishes': Flavius Josephus as a Source for the Burning of the Temple
Authors: Leoni Tommaso
Published: April 2016

Since Bernays in 1861, scholars have disputed Josephus’ account in
Bell. Iud
. 6.252 that a Roman soldier during the siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE acted on ‘some supernatural impulse’ when he threw a piece of burning wood into the Temple, thus starting the fire that destroyed it. The vast majority of scholars have followed Bernays in giving more credence to the account of the Christian chronographer Sulpicius Severus, who in his
Chronica
reports that Titus ordered that the Temple be burned. Many
a priori
assumptions have come into play when examining Josephus’ narrative, which instead appears unequivocally clear, consistent and substantially trustworthy.
The Strength of Women and Truth: The Tale of the Three Bodyguards and Ezra's Prayer in First Esdras
Authors: Sandoval Timothy J.
Published: April 2016

Most commentators believe the Tale of the Three Bodyguards in 1 Esdras 3–4 serves, simply and primarily, to enhance the status of Zerubbabel, the early leader of the returned exiles. A consideration of a number of thematic and rhetorical links between the Tale of the Three Bodyguards (1 Esdras 3:1–4:41[63]) and Ezra’s prayer-sermon recounted later in the book (1 Esdras 8:65–87; Eng.=8:74–90), however, demonstrates that the story also functions to undergird the response of Ezra and his associates to the intermarriage crisis recounted in 1 Esdras 8:65–87 (Eng.=8:68–90). The rhetoric of especially Zerubbabel’s speeches on women and Truth (1 Esdras 4:13–41) effectively anticipates and mitigates the reader’s possible moral objections to the expulsion of the foreign women. This suggests that a major reason 1 Esdras was composed was to weigh in on Jewish debates in the Hellenistic period regarding intermarriage with Gentiles.
Theophrastus’s Jewish Philosophers
Authors: Satlow Michael L.
Published: April 2016

In the late fourth century BCE, Hellenistic historians and ethnographers began to notice the Jews. Megasthenes, Clearchus and Theophrastus all identify Jews with philosophers; while Megasthenes and Clearchus mention these Jewish philosophers in the context of Indians, it is Theophrastus who provides the most extensive (albeit still brief) witness. This paper argues that Megasthenes, Clearchus and Theophrastus confused Jews with their priests, whom they identified—like other eastern (e.g. Indian) sages—as ‘philosophers’. At the same time, one of the most striking features of the Jewish practices known at least to Theophrastus (and his contemporary, Hecataeus of Abdera) was its aniconism. This reinforced the inference that Jews engaged in the kind of heavenly worship that permeates the discussions of Greek philosophical religion. The Jews were thus doubly philosophical, once by (mistaken) class, and once by this similarity to Greek philosophical aniconism.
Literary and Historical Studies in the Samuel Apocryphon (4Q160)
Authors: Jassen Alex P.
Published: April 2016

4Q160 is a fragmentary text first published in 1968 under the title ‘The Vision of Samuel’. Following a new translation of the text and clarification of its basic contents, this study seeks to identify 4Q160’s proper literary classification and genre. Careful attention is paid to the relationship of 4Q160 to the scriptural text and story of Samuel and the often repeated classification of 4Q160 as ‘rewritten Bible’. This study then addresses the literary function of employing Samuel as the text’s pseudepigraphic voice. The final part of the article explores what can be learned about the historical context and date of the text’s composition. Based on paleographical evidence, references to earlier scriptural material and possible internal historical allusions, this study argues that the text was composed in the second half of the second century BCE.
Josephus’ Rewriting of 1 Samuel 25
Authors: Avioz Michael
Published: April 2016

This article seeks to present Josephus’ retelling of the story of David, Nabal and Abigail in 1 Samuel 25. It tries to answer the following questions: what was the text on which Josephus based his story? What are the differences between the biblical version and Josephus’ retelling and how can they be explained? My conclusion is that Josephus’ version is very similar to the MT, while the differences stem from various reasons: he tries to make the difficult text of MT clearer; omits long speeches; and accentuates David’s piousness. As to his view of women as reflected in this story, I rejected the view that it is misogynic. In Josephus’ version, as in the Hebrew Bible, Abigail is depicted as beautiful, wise, assertive and very suitable for King David as a wife. Josephus’ retelling of 1 Samuel 25 is connected to the circumstances in which he lived in Hellenistic society. He appeals to both Jewish and Roman audiences, trying to promote sympathy for the Jewish people and the Roman Empire.
Nominal Clauses in the Dead Sea Scrolls — Corrigenda
Authors: Zewi Tamar
Published: April 2016

The paper discusses nominal clause patterns in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Nominal clauses were collected from several Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) that represent an independent language, and are not late versions of biblical texts. These are
Pesher Habakkuk
, the Damascus Document, the War Scroll, The Temple Scroll, and
Serekh Ha-Yaḥad
. The DSS nominal clause patterns revealed in these sources can be divided into two major groups: (1) simple nominal clauses in the order of predicate–subject or of subject–predicate, and (2) extended nominal clauses involving extraposition. Although both word orders of the simple nominal clauses found in the DSS exist in Biblical Hebrew, those of the DSS display more restrictions in their preference for a certain word order with certain types of predicates. The DSS simple nominal clauses in the order of subject–predicate also contain a pattern, unknown in Biblical Hebrew and limited in Mishnaic Hebrew, in which the predicate is a content clause. This pattern appears only in
Pesher Habakkuk
, and its content clause is introduced there by the subordinate, more commonly relative particle,
asher
. Extended patterns appear to be very rare in the DSS, and they mostly include clauses also labeled as the exegetical formula, which show similarity to a certain type of appositional clauses in Biblical Hebrew.
‘A City of Gold’: In Quest of Talmudic Reality
Authors: Grossmark Tziona
Published: April 2016

‘Jerusalem of Gold’, the splendid jewel that Rabbi Aqiba had made for his wife was a real piece of jewellery, well known at least during the period of the Mishna. This jewel will be examined using both rabbinic sources and iconographic evidence. We will suggest hereinafter that a ‘Jerusalem of Gold/City of Gold’ was a crown made of gold whose iconographical origin must be sought for in the repertoire of tiaras known from archaeological-artistic findings or in literary sources in the Palestinian cultural sphere during the Roman and Byzantine periods. It was probably the mural crown that characterised the goddess Tyche.
‘Roots, Remedies and Properties of Stones’: The Essenes, Qumran and Dead Sea Pharmacology
Authors: Taylor Joan E.
Published: April 2016

Challenges to the Qumran-Essene hypothesis have used regional contextualisations to argue that Qumran was not occupied by Essenes, but a similar approach may be used to support the hypothesis. Essene proximity to the Dead Sea is noted by both Pliny the Elder and Dio Chrysostom, while Josephus mentions that the Essenes are interested in ‘roots, remedies and properties of stones’ (
War
2: 136). The Dead Sea was well-known for its healing resources in antiquity. There were numerous medicinal plants in the area—including opobalsam, dates, mandrake and madder. The curative properties of bitumen, alum, salt and sulphur were well known, as were the healing spa waters at Callirhoë. An interest in exploiting some of these resources—particularly dates—for pharmacology would explain why the Essenes chose to live close to the Dead Sea. The scrolls themselves contain material on healing that deserves further study. Aspects of the archaeology of the site of Qumran may also be interpreted in the light of pharmacological interests.
Rabbis as Jurists: On the Representation of Past and Present Legal Institutions in the Mishnah
Authors: Cohn Naftali S.
Published: April 2016

In light of the growing consensus that the rabbis of Late Antiquity were not a powerful and dominant group with roots in the time of the Temple, this article reexamines the portrayal of the rabbinic present and the rabbinic past in the Mishnah. The Mishnah, I propose, pictures the rabbis acting as jurists—modelled on Roman jurists—who issue opinions primarily on matters of Jewish ritual law. This claim for a legal-judicial role for the rabbis in post-destruction Jewish society, furthermore, shapes the rabbinic memory of the past in which the Court of Temple times is the predecessor to the rabbis and in which this Court has ultimate authority over Temple ritual. In their construction of both the present and the past, the rabbis make a powerful claim for authority over ritual law and ritual practice, an authority which it seems they did not yet have.
Sexualising the Evil Inclination: Rabbinic ‘Yetzer’ and Modern Scholarship
Authors: Rosen-Zvi Ishay
Published: April 2016

The increasing interest in Jewish carnality and sexuality in recent years has influenced many areas of research, one of which is the rabbinic ‘evil
yetzer
’ (inclination). More and more studies discuss the rabbinic
yetzer
in sexual terms, and
yetzer
has become almost synonymous with ‘sexuality’. In this paper I wish to show that this perception lacks textual justification. Most rabbinic sources present the
yetzer
as the enemy of men, constantly dragging them to sin, and accounting for their difficulty to become and remain servants of God. The
yetzer
drags one to sexual sins just as it drags to any other sinful acts, as it is an antinomian entity, the enemy of Torah and its commandments. The sexualisation of the
yetzer
appear only in Babylonian sources, and for the main part is a post Amoraic development. The paper ends with an attempt to locate this phenomenon in a broader Babylonian context: a process of hyper-sexualisation which takes place in the Bavli alone.
Were there 204 settlements in Galilee at the time of Josephus Flavius?
Authors: David Chaim Ben
Published: April 2016

Josephus Flavius notes that there are 204 cities and villages in Galilee. Is the number of settlements in Galilee that Josephus cites reliable, or does it belong to the series of figures that most scholars believe is exaggerated? To examine this issue, the article will first define the boundaries of Galilee at the time of Josephus and deal with the secondary question of whether this also included Gaulanitis. Then three different methods will be used to determine the veracity of this statement, counting: (1) the number of settlements from the Ottoman period, (2) the number of settlements in the Late Roman period according to rabbinic literature, and (3) the number of settlements at the time of Josephus according to archaeological surveys. The evidence suggests that Josephus’ number of 204 settlements is probably not far from the actual number of settlements that existed in Galilee and Gaulanitis prior to the first Jewish revolt.
Archaeological remains of the Bar Kokhba Revolt in the Te’omim Cave (
Mŭghâret Umm et Tûeimîn
), Western Jerusalem Hills
Authors: Zissu Boaz , Porat Ro’i , Langford Boaz , Frumkin Amos
Published: April 2016

The Te’omim Cave is a large natural cave, located in the Jerusalem hills. The article presents the results of an archaeological survey in the hard-to-reach section of the cave. Archaeological finds, as hoards of coins, weapons, fragmentary human bones, pottery and oil lamps from the time of the Bar Kokhba Revolt were discovered
in situ
. The finds attest that the cave served as the last place of refuge for rebels who met there their death. The highlights of the survey were three hoards of coins. ‘Hoard A’ included 83 silver coins restruck by the Bar Kokhba administration. It is the only hoard of silver Bar Kokhba coins discovered thus far by archaeologists. ‘Hoard B’ included nine silver coins and a bronze
perutah
. ‘Hoard C’ included five Roman gold coins, 15 silver coins and four Roman bronze coins of Ascalon. The article discusses various numismatic and archaeological aspects of the finds.
‘Anonymous
hasid
’ stories in halakhic
sugyot
in the Babylonian Talmud
Authors: Feintuch Yonatan
Published: April 2016

One type of aggadic story that appears several times in the Babylonian Talmud (BT) begins with the formula ‘Ma̓asse be-
hasid
e̓had’ — a story about a certain anonymous
hasid
(pious man). This article examines the three cases in which a ‘One
hasid
’ story follows a halakhic discussion that deals with a certain law in the Mishnah. The three stories are revealed to share a common role with respect to the halakhic discussions which precede them. Source-critical and redaction-critical analyses of the stories illuminate the work and methods of the BT redactors, who by composing new stories or reworking earlier traditions, and juxtaposing them with halakhic discussions, facilitate the creation of
sugyot
that convey a complex halakhic message. This article attempts to add yet another tier to the study of the redaction of the BT, specifically with respect to the role of aggadic material in halakhic contexts.
R. Soloveitchik’s causal critique of Maimonides as a religious philosopher
Authors: Stambovsky Phillip
Published: April 2016

This essay challenges the anachronistic and distortive aspects of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik’s influential finding that, as he put it in
The Halakhic Mind
, ‘the causal method of the philosophical
Guide
... leads to a religious
techné
’. While other commentators have questioned the cogency of R. Soloveitchik’s causal critique (which he prosecutes in terms of efficient and final cause), none has directly addressed it in terms of the thought-determination that Maimonides himself might have employed:
formal
cause. The discussion is divided into seven sections: (1) the principal lines of R. Soloveitchik’s criticism; (2) Maimonides the halakhic scholar
versus
Maimonides the speculative philosopher?; (3) questioning R. Soloveitchik’s methodological critique; (4) hermeneutic methodology and religious inference in
Guide
, ch. 1; (5) a Maimonidean reading of ‘image’ (
tzelem
) and ‘likeness’ (
demut
) in Genesis 1:26 and 27; (6) formal cause in Maimonides’ analysis; (7) limits of the Rav’s post-medieval causal critique.
Josephus’ rendering of Latin terminology in Greek
Authors: Sievers Joseph
Published: April 2016

Josephus lived and wrote in multilingual settings in Judaea as well as in Rome. While relatively few Latinisms have been found in his works, he had an obvious need to provide Greek terminology for Roman institutions. Often he simply adopted the then current translations. Yet in several instances there were multiple possibilities and one finds different usages in Josephus. This study concentrates on some of these cases and seeks to understand them, through source criticism and other means. In particular, it examines peculiar references to consuls in dating formulas, the terminology for ‘freedmen’ and its meanings, various ways to refer to the Emperor Augustus, and the adaptations of military terminology. Discovering some of the nuances of expression and learning to pay attention to them may help us to better understand the linguistic and cultural interactions Josephus was involved in, as well as the milieu in which his works were composed.
Chronology and eschatology: a Jewish–Christian debate, France 1100
Authors: Emanuel Simcha
Published: April 2016

The text that is discussed here, written in France in 1100, contains the first debate between a Jew and a Christian on the date of the birth of Jesus. The Christian believed that Jesus was born in 2–3 CE, while the Jew (a pupil of Rashi) disagreed but did not propose an alternative year. The Jew also claimed that the Messiah may appear on 1102 – an eschatological computation which is solely in accordance with Christian records of the 1100th anniversary of the birth of Jesus. This debate, which actually is based on a misunderstanding of both sides, had a considerable impact on the chronological computations of Ashkenazi rabbinical authorities in subsequent centuries. They adopted the Christian calculation of Jesus’ lifetime and augmented it with a Jewish interpretation following the rules of the Jewish calendar, which led them to totally different conclusions than the original Christian view.
A marital dilemma: French courts, foreign Jews and the secularization of marriage
Authors: Kaplan Zvi Jonathan
Published: April 2016

In spite of the 1905 law separating church and state, foreign law technically applied to foreign Jewish nationals in France in matters relating to personal status, and they could not rely on French civil authorities to divorce. In this article, I explore how the French courts struggled to balance the dictates of French law, which promoted the secularization of marriage, and foreign law, which reflected the principles of religious law. In a review of the relevant case law, I demonstrate how the courts, to the consternation of the Jewish community, were slow to resolve these tensions, which led to the denial of civil protections to foreigners in France. The adherence of courts to foreign law reveals how both civic equality and the principle of the secularization of marriage remained elusive for thousands of residents more than a century after the French Revolution and nearly two decades after the separation of church and state.
Critical method of editing used by a late medieval Ashkenazi scribe
Authors: Sandman Israel M.
Published: April 2016

Examining the fifteenth–sixteenth-century Ashkenazi manuscript JTS 2564, a copy of Abraham Bar Ḥayya’s/Ḥiyya’s calendrical work, one is struck by the variety of para-textual elements, including symbols (dots, circles, arrows, etc.), images, letter and word sizes, text breaks and marginalia. Working inductively, particularly with comparison to other textual witnesses, I demonstrate the rules and workings of these elements, showing that the scribe used them systematically and objectively, to superimpose his insights onto the work. This innovation was in counterbalance to his faithful transmission of the main text. Thus, his copy embodies his dynamic tension between conservatism and innovation, offering a portrait of his intellectual gestalt. These findings not only enable us to differentiate between glosses by this scribe and glosses by others, but they help us gain an appreciation of the transmission of Hebrew scientific texts over time and place, expanding our understanding of Jewish intellectual history.
Tracing the Hebraic-Judaic origins of the Beit Avraham of Kechene (Ethiopia)
Authors: Bruder Edith
Published: April 2016

From 2004, in an area known as Kechene in northern Shewa region, south of the capital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, a group of descendants of craftsmen claim Jewish heritage. They assert descent from Beta Israel-Falasha who were converted to Christianity, but they claim a distinct identity. The members of this community call themselves Beit Avraham. Via the establishment of the ‘Ethiopian North Shewa Zionist Organisation’ they wish to unify and to gain recognition from the rest of the Jewish world. This article examines the emergence of a new manifestation of Judaism in Ethiopia and suggests that the origins of the Beit Avraham might go back to
ayhud
who found themselves excluded during the initial stages of the establishment of Ethiopian feudal society.
Identifying the Jewish Eupolemoi: an onomastic approach
Authors: Sørensen Søren Lund
Published: April 2016

The Jewish ambassador Eupolemos, who was sent on an embassy to the Romans by Judas Maccabee, is generally thought to be identical to his namesake, the Jewish historian mentioned by Clemens of Alexandria and Eusebios. This is due to the apparent rarity of his name, Eupolemos, among Jews. The present article undertakes an onomastic investigation into the name Eupolemos among the Jews in antiquity in order to discover whether an identification of the two namesakes is plausible. By providing a geographical, chronological and onomastic investigation, the author argues that it is in fact very likely that Eupolemos the ambassador and Eupolemos the historian were one and the same person.
The verbal noun of the qal stem in Rabbinic Hebrew traditions and qĕṭēlâ/qĕṭîlâ alternations
Authors: Mor Uri
Published: April 2016

The verbal noun הפָירִשְׂ ‘burning’ in Rabbinic Hebrew stands in contrast to its biblical counterpart הפָרֵשְׂ ‘fire’ both in form and in function. This contrast is not, as has been suggested, a simple alternation between nominal patterns or between vowels, but rather part of a wide morphological change in Rabbinic Hebrew: the transition of the verbal nouns into a grammatical category, which can be seen in other forms and other nominal patterns as well. The inherited biblical forms that, like הפָרֵשְׂ did not fit the new alignment and were not considered appropriate verbal nouns any more, were kept in use and maintained their potential lexical status, but for expressing the verbal noun they were often replaced by other patterns.
Morphological characteristics of foetal membranes of swamp buffaloes of Assam
Authors: Bhuyan D. , Dutta J. C. , Sinha S. , Sarma N. K. , Das A.
Published: April 2016

The present investigation was undertaken to study the morphological characteristics of foetal membrane of swamp buffaloes of Assam. Animals were calved normally and no cases of retention of placenta were recorded. The average expulsion time, weight, length, width and number of cotyledons of foetal membranes were 241.20+ 22.05 minutes, 3.47+0.12 kg, 171.87+2.99 cm, 30.83+ 0.73 cm and 114.83+ 5.56 respectively. A highly significant (P<0.01) positive correlation between birth weight of the calf and weight and width of the foetal membranes and a significant (P<0.05) positive correlation between birth weight and number of small cotyledons of foetal membranes were recorded in the present study. There was no significant effect of parity on various characteristics of foetal membranes except the number of large cotyledons. The number of large cotyledons was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals of third to fifth lactation than in animals of first and second lactation. The sex of calves had no significant effect on various characteristics of foetal membranes.
Assessing the potential of beef cattle farming as contributor to income of communal households of Chief Albert Luthuli municipality in Mpumalanga province, South Africa
Authors: Molefi S. H. , Mbajiorgu C. A.
Published: April 2016

The study was conducted across four rural communities of Chief Albert Luthuli municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The objective of the study was to assess the contribution of beef cattle farming to household income in Chief Albert Luthuli municipality of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Data were analyzed descriptively. Simultaneously, multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the contribution of beef cattle in household income in the study area. Results showed that 50% each of both the male and female farmers were engaged in beef cattle farming. 50.5% of respondents were more than 51 years old and therefore not in productive age with 40% of respondents aged between 41 - 50 years old. 7% of respondents have 1 - 2 dependents, while 11.5% of respondents have 3 - 4 dependents and 35.5% have more than 4 dependents. However, 46% of respondents have other dependents which they did not specify. 22.5% of respondents have 1-10 years of beef cattle farming experience while 14% have 11 - 12 years of experience. However, 21% of respondents have more than 20 years of experience and 39.5% have 50 - 60 years of experience on beef cattle farming. 40.5% of respondents acquired grade 11 or below and 45% of respondents had no school education, elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school. The contribution of beef cattle farming to household's income in communal areas of Chief Albert Luthuli is 19%. Also, number of beef cattle and age of mortality hold significant influence on the farmer's income from beef cattle.
Ação coletiva e polarização na sociedade em rede para uma teoria do conflito no brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Ruediger Marco Aurélio , Martins Rafael , Da Luz Margareth , Grassi Amaro
Published: April 2016

Este artigo  busca desenvolver a hipótese de que  o Brasil  estaria expe- rimentando uma  tendência à polarização política, apartando as novas formas de ação coletiva das estruturas do Estado, tendo a internet como fator central de articulação de novas  demandas sociais e de mobiliza- ção  social.  Na primeira parte, serão  utilizados os resultados da  pes- quisa  “Mobilidade Urbana e Cidadania”, realizada pela FGV/DAPP em março  de 2014,  sobre  mobilidade urbana, estopim das  manifestações do ano passado. Serão  testadas com base em regressões estatísticas as hipóteses construídas acerca  da centralidade da internet no processo de  mobilização social  verificado a partir do  ano  passado. Na segun- da  parte, será  analisada a pesquisa sobre  a reação  da  polícia àquele movimento, sobretudo na sua  forma  mais  radicalizada de protestos – os  black  blocs  –, revelando que  os  próprios policiais consideram-se despreparados para lidar  com as manifestações. Ao final, será sugerida uma  abordagem conjunta para  os resultados das duas  pesquisas, com elementos para  interpretar o atual  ciclo  político brasileiro a partir de uma  perspectiva do conflito entre  Estado  e sociedade civil,  para  além da perspectiva orientada ao consenso da redemocratização.
Comparative Study of Outlier Detection Algorithms via Fundamental Analysis Variables
Authors: Emir Senol , Dincer Hasan , Hacioglu Umit , Yuksel Serhat
Published: April 2016

In a data set, an outlier refers to a data point that is considerably different from the others. Detecting outliers provides useful application-specific insights and leads to choosing right prediction models. Outlier detection (also known as anomaly detection or novelty detection) has been studied in statistics and machine learning for a long time. It is an essential preprocessing step of data mining process. In this study, outlier detection step in the data mining process is applied for identifying the top 20 outlier firms. Three outlier detection algorithms are utilized using fundamental analysis variables of firms listed in Borsa Istanbul for the 2011-2014 period. The results of each algorithm are presented and compared. Findings show that 15 different firms are identified by three different outlier detection methods. KCHOL and SAHOL have the greatest number of appearances with 12 observations among these firms. By investigating the results, it is concluded that each of three algorithms makes different outlier firm lists due to differences in their approaches for outlier detection.
Inmigración, integración e interacción en el futuro del Mediterráneo
Authors: Benamar Jamal
Published: April 2016

Europa es hoy el primer continente en materia de inmigración internacional, en el 2005 contaba con 65 M de inmigrantes internacionales, seguida por Asia 53 M y América del Norte con 44 M según la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) en el 2004, 56 millones de inmigrantes vivían en Europa de los cuales 27,5 millones son activos. Los Estados europeos que eran tradicionalmente países de emigración como Italia, España o Portugal son hoy países de inmigración. Estos movimientos de población, de carácter provisional, permanente, económico o en relación con la reagrupación familiar, no dejan indiferentes a los estados de la Unión Europea, más aún, les obliga a pensar políticas de integración para asegurar la paz social del conjunto de sus respectivas sociedades cada vez más multiétnicas y multiconfesionales.
Cultura de empresa y multinacionales: el caso de Maersk España
Authors: Vallejo Peña Francisco Alberto
Published: April 2016

Dentro del ámbito de la Sociología de las Organizaciones, la cultura empresarial se ha abierto un interesante campo desde la década de los 80, a partir de la cual se empezó a confiar en la posibilidad de dirigir grandes compañías con el respaldo de un conocimiento más íntimo de su cultura. Por lo tanto, el conjunto de disciplinas que aborda la teoría organizacional se ve atraído por su estudio, dada la demostrada utilidad de estandarizar comportamientos dentro de la compañía, así como la posible alteración de la propia cultura para repercutir positivamente en producción y beneficios.

Estas premisas nos llevaron al estudio de caso de Maersk España en Algeciras. Para tal efecto, abordamos la realidad laboral de la compañía, generando un modelo propio de análisis que nos ha facilitado retratar su cultura empresarial, aplicando distintas técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Este diagnóstico nos ha permitido conocer las consecuencias de la integración de distintas subculturas del trabajo -habitual en multinacionales-, al entrar en el estudio de contrastes esenciales, como el que se produce entre la cultura empresarial danesa (procedencia) y andaluza (destino), así como las peculiaridades de su adaptación al entorno local (Campo de Gibraltar).
Las investigaciones correlacionales de las ciencias sociales en torno a las problemáticas hidrológicas
Authors: García Lirios Cruz
Published: April 2016

Se exponen las correlaciones entre las variables valorativas, evaluativas, perceptuales, actitudinales, intencionales y conductuales en torno a las problemáticas hidrológicas de escasez, desabasto e insalubridad. A partir de una categorización de las mencionadas correlaciones en exógenas para las variables culturales y endógenas para las variables situacionales, se infieren los modelos que explicaran la influencia de las estructuras sociales en los comportamientos individuales.
Cabeza moderna/Corazón patriarcal. (Luces y sombras de un gran cambio social en la identidad de género
Authors: García de León Álvarez María Antonia
Published: April 2016

En el mundo occidental está penetrando con tal fuerza el cambio en la condición social de las mujeres que en efecto, se puede afirmar que su tiempo ha llegado, y ésta, su oportunidad histórica, incrementa su intensidad (como sintetiza la cita de apertura de este texto). Bien es cierto que todo el último tercio del Siglo XX, había preparado bien la cosecha.

En este hito discursivo, explicitaremos ahora el encabezamiento de nuestro ensayo: La cabeza con la modernidad, el corazón con el patriarcado. Es nuestra tesis, que a su vez, constituye un diagnóstico. En síntesis, estamos en una especie de esquizofrenia de género que durará cuanto dure el derrumbe del sistema patriarcal que puede ser un periodo largo, tal vez de siglos, sin contar con el riesgo de involuciones. Dicha esquizofrenia sociocultural de género implica que tanto las mujeres, pero también los hombres, mantenemos valores y prácticas sociales contradictorios en relación a las cuestiones de género, de tal manera que se puede tener una ideología sumamente igualitaria y mantener prácticas sociales en flagrante contradicción. La sociología de la vida cotidiana podría dar cuenta de numerosos ejemplos que salen al paso. Pero no sólo se trata de los sujetos, los engranajes sociales asimismo practican dicha esquizofrenia sin reparo. Vr.gr.: podemos ver el paisaje urbano cuajado de grandes vallas publicitarias de la más tradicional mujer objeto, al tiempo que en el auditorio municipal contiguo, se financia con dinero público una conferencia haciendo la crítica más radical a dicha mujer objeto. Llamaremos a esta paradójica producción social, “el efecto Penélope”: unas instancias sociales “destejen” lo que otras “tejen” en pro de la igualdad.
Textos y glosas nº 5
Authors: Administración Revista Barataria
Published: April 2016

Reseñas Bibliográficas correspondientes al número 5 de Barataria.

Para visualizar/descargar la reseña correspondiente diríjase al apartado texto completo (pdf).
Stratégies d’action pour une reconstruction de l’identité de genre de la femme rurale marocaine
Authors: Hilal Laila
Published: April 2016

A travers cette contribution, fruit d’un travail de recherche plus large sur l’identité de la femme (construction et reconstruction) rurale marocaine actuelle, nous tentons une approche des stratégies d’action possibles qui puissent aider la femme à développer des habiletés professionnelles et personnelles qui lui permettent une plus grande participation dans la vie sociale, politique et économique, d’améliorer sa qualité de vie tout en contribuant à l’aider à la reconstruction de son identité féminine dans un esprit de rapport plus égalitaire entre les genres, jusqu’ici en faveur de l’homme.
La sociedad civil en cuestión
Authors: Urteaga Eguzki
Published: April 2016

Desde el final de la guerra fría, la noción de sociedad civil se ha impuesto tanto en el discurso científico, como en el relato mediático y los textos de los organismos internacionales, a pesar de tener diferentes significados. Efectivamente, el concepto de sociedad civil puede representar el actor de una protesta, el proyecto de una movilización, la apertura de un sistema político enfrentado a un problema de representatividad o referirse a actores políticos, agentes socioeconómicos, asociaciones o centrales sindicales. En todo caso, aparece como un concepto ambiguo, plural y mal definido. El objetivo de este artículo es poner de manifiesto la larga trayectoria de esta noción, desde la antigüedad y su asociación a la civilización, hasta el periodo contemporáneo con su identificación con el tercer sector, pasando por al época moderna y su percepción como contra-poder. Hoy en día, la sociedad civil plantea problemas de ciudadanía, de participación ciudadana y de espacio público, sin olvidar la pregunta que se formula en todos los continentes como consecuencia de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y de la mundialización de los intercambios comerciales: ¿existe una sociedad civil internacional?