bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are suspicious activity reporting requirements for cryptocurrency exchanges effective?
Authors: Kim Daehan , Bilgin Mehmet Huseyin , Ryu Doojin
Published: October 2021

This study analyzes the impact of a newly emerging type of anti-money laundering regulation that obligates cryptocurrency exchanges to report suspicious transactions to financial authorities. We build a theoretical model for the reporting decision structure of a private bank or cryptocurrency exchange and show that an inferior ability to detect money laundering (ML) increases the ratio of reported transactions to unreported transactions. If a representative money launderer makes an optimal portfolio choice, then this ratio increases further. Our findings suggest that cryptocurrency exchanges will exhibit more excessive reporting behavior under this regulation than private banks. We attribute this result to cryptocurrency exchanges’ inferior ML detection abilities and their proximity to the underground economy.
Development of online hemodiafiltration in Japan
Authors: Kawanishi Hideki
Published: October 2021

Evidence concerning online hemodiafiltration (ol-HDF) includes increased uremic toxin removal, prevention of dialysis-related hypotension, improved survival, and recovery of dialysis-related uncertain symptoms. In particular, evidence has been shown regarding prevention of dialysis hypotension and improvement of survival, but the mechanism of its manifestation is still unclear and its effects themselves are questionable. In Japan, pre dilution ol-HDF is mainly performed, and improvement in survival rate has been shown on the condition of convection volume is 40 L/session or more. In particular, the removal of α1-microglubulin (αMG), which is a medium-middle solute, is targeted. The antioxidant action (Heme Scavenger) of αMG, is presumed, but in dialysis patients, the majority in serum are deteriorated (oxidized) αMG. It has been pointed out that removing the deteriorated αMG by ol-HDF may produce new αMG from the liver and lead to recovery of the original antioxidant effect. However, clinical evidence of this mechanism is desired. Obtaining evidence for the indicated αMG removal activity of ol-HDF will lead to advancement in HDF.
Trends in clinico-epidemiology profile of surgically operated glioma patients in a tertiary care center over 12 years—through the looking glass!
Authors: Singh Suyash , Deora Harsh , Neyaz Azfar , Das Kuntal Kanti , Mehrotra Anant , Srivastava Arun Kumar , Behari Sanjay , Jaiswal Awadhesh Kumar , Jaiswal Sushila
Published: October 2021

Background

Hospital-based cancer registries can provide information on the magnitude and distribution of cancers in a given hospital. Hospital-based brain tumor registry data, focusing on glioma, from a tertiary care rural neurological center is lacking in the scientific literature. This data can be useful in understanding the need for research and funding required for these specific brain tumors.

Data of patients operated for glioma, at our institute, was collected between January 2004 and December 2015. Patients’ clinical details and histopathological diagnosis were recorded. Data were analyzed and compared with that of previously published literature, and inferences were drawn on patterns of reporting and epidemiology.

Results

A total of 1450 cases of glioma, with a mean age of 39.3 (± 17.36 SD) years with males (66.6%) comprising more population as compared to females. Majority of patients 70.8% (n = 1027) belong to the economically active age group of country (18–60 years). Majority of cases (41.4%) were glioblastoma with the next common tumor (22.8%) being diffuse astrocytoma (n = 331) followed by pilocytic astrocytoma (6.2%) and oligodendroglioma (4.5%) in that order. While our data followed similar trends with other Indian data the average age of glioma was a decade younger to what is quoted earlier in Indian and international studies.

Conclusion

This data for glioma gives a glimpse of the prevalence of this tumor in a primarily rural population and highlights the need for a National Brain Tumor Registry with the need for the development of evidence-based policymaking and enhanced research into this particular ailment.
Differential effects of elevated nest temperature and parasitism on the gut microbiota of wild avian hosts
Authors: Ingala Melissa R. , Albert Lauren , Addesso Alyssa , Watkins Mackenzie J. , Knutie Sarah A.
Published: October 2021

Background

Changes in wild animal gut microbiotas may influence host health and fitness. While many studies have shown correlations between gut microbiota structure and external factors, few studies demonstrate causal links between environmental variables and microbiota shifts. Here, we use a fully factorial experiment to test the effects of elevated ambient temperature and natural nest parasitism by nest flies (Protocalliphora sialia) on the gut microbiotas of two species of wild birds, the eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) and the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor).

Results

We find that bacterial communities from the nestlings of each host species show idiosyncratic responses to both heat and parasitism, with gut microbiotas of eastern bluebirds more disrupted by heat and parasitism than those of tree swallows. Thus, we find that eastern bluebirds are unable to maintain stable associations with their gut bacteria in the face of both elevated temperature and parasitism. In contrast, tree swallow gut microbiotas are not significantly impacted by either heat or nest parasitism.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that excess heat (e.g., as a result of climate change) may destabilize natural host-parasite-microbiota systems, with the potential to affect host fitness and survival in the Anthropocene.
Impact of different treatment plans on EQD2 for intracavitary brachytherapy of cervical cancer
Authors: Gul Osman Vefa , Inan Gokcen , Basaran Hamit
Published: October 2021

Background

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to GLOBOCAN estimates, there were 341,831 deaths from cervical cancer in 185 countries in 2020. The aim of this study was to compare equieffective dose (EQD2) at 2 Gy per fraction by using dose volume histograms (DVHs) derived from external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BRT) treatment plans used in cervical cancer radiotherapy.

Methods

Fifteen patients with stage IIB-IIIB cervical cancer were included in this retrospective study. Treatment with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was planned for all patients in 28 fractions, with a total of 50.4 Gy to be delivered to the whole pelvic region. After EBRT, manual optimization (MO) or inverse optimization (IO) HDR-BRT plans were created in 4 fractions with a total of 28 Gy. The plans obtained were grouped as IMRT + IO, IMRT + MO, 3DCRT + IO, and 3DCRT + MO by calculating EQD2s among these plans. D90, D95, and D98 values were compared in all plans for CTVHR total EQD2. In addition, EQD2 values ​for critical organs at risk (OARs) such as rectum, bladder, small intestine, and sigmoid were compared in all plans for volumes of 2 cm3, 1 cm3, and 0.1 cm3, respectively.

Results

There was no significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of CTVHR D90 and CTVIR D90 values; However, CTVHR D95 (p = 0.000) and CTVHR D98 (p = 0.000) values ​were found to be better in IMRT + IO technique. The IMRT + IO technique provided better protection for 2 cm3, 1 cm3, and 0.1 cm3 volumes of OARs compared to other techniques.

Conclusions

Considering all parameters such as CTVHR, CTVIR, rectum, bladder, small intestine, and sigmoid, combination of IMRT + IO treatment option was found to be significantly superior in total EQD2 calculations compared to other plans.
Recurrent intussusception as a rare clinical manifestation of intestinal malrotation in children—a case report and review of literature
Authors: Manekar Aditya Arvind , Janjala Narahari , Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Tripathy Bikasha Bihary , Mohanty Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2021

Background

Mobile caecum along with malfixed small bowel mesentery in malrotation is incriminated to cause intussusception in children. This dual association is very rare and is labeled as Waugh’s syndrome. This is often missed during conservative management of intussusception and may manifest as chronic intussusception.

Case presentation

We report a rare case of intestinal malrotation in a 13-year-old boy who presented as recurrent intussusception. The child was resuscitated and was operated, where malrotation of gut was detected. We discuss the clinical presentation, radiological findings, and management of this rare association in light of current available literature.

Conclusion

The presence of mobile caecum and redundant bowel loops with narrow mesentery in case of malrotation is an important factor leading to intussusception.
Supporting Undergraduate Biology Students’ Academic Success: Comparing Two Workshop Interventions
Authors: Hensley Lauren , Kulesza Amy , Peri Joshua , Brady Anna C. , Wolters Christopher A. , Sovic David , Breitenberger Caroline
Published: October 2021

When teaching college biology students to use effective learning strategies, does it help to address both the what and the when of studying? Findings indicated that students who learned about time management in addition to metacognition had higher exam grades and commitment to earning a college degree at the end of the semester.
Two-dimensional anisotropic magnetotelluric inversion using a limited-memory quasi-Newton method
Authors: Yu Guo , Farquharson Colin G. , Xiao Qibin , Li Man
Published: October 2021

We have developed a 2D anisotropic magnetotelluric (MT) inversion algorithm that uses a limited-memory quasi-Newton (QN) method for bounds-constrained optimization. This algorithm solves the inverse problem, which is nonlinear, by iterative minimization of linearized approximations of the classic Tikhonov regularized objective function. The QN approximation for the Hessian matrix is only implemented for the data-misfit term of the objective function; the part of the Hessian matrix for the regularization is explicitly computed. This adjustment results in a better approximation for the data-misfit term in particular. The inversion algorithm considers arbitrary anisotropy, and it is extended for special cases including azimuthal and vertical anisotropy. The algorithm is shown to be stable and converges rapidly for several simple anisotropic models. These synthetic tests also confirm that the anisotropic inversion produces a correct anomaly with different but equivalent anisotropic parameters. We also consider a complex 2D anisotropic model; the successful results for this model further confirm that the inversion algorithm presented here, which uses the novel modified limited-memory QN approach, is capable of solving the 2D anisotropic MT inverse problem. Finally, we have evaluated a practical application on MT data collected in northern Tibet to demonstrate the effectiveness and stability of our algorithm.
Predicting the azimuth of natural fractures and in situ horizontal stress: A case study from the Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Lin Kai , Zhang Bo , Zhang Jianjun , Fang Huijing , Xi Kefeng , Li Zhi
Published: October 2021

The azimuth of fractures and in situ horizontal stress are important factors in planning horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing for unconventional resource plays. The azimuth of natural fractures can be directly obtained by analyzing image logs. The azimuth of the maximum horizontal stress [Formula: see text] can be predicted by analyzing the induced fractures on image logs. The clustering of microseismic events also can be used to predict the azimuth of in situ maximum horizontal stress. However, the azimuth of natural fractures and the in situ maximum horizontal stress obtained from image logs and microseismic events are limited to the wellbore locations. Wide-azimuth seismic data provide an alternative way to predict the azimuth of natural fractures and maximum in situ horizontal stress if the seismic attributes are properly calibrated with interpretations from well logs and microseismic data. To predict the azimuth of natural fractures and in situ maximum horizontal stress, we have focused our analysis on correlating the seismic attributes computed from pre- and poststack seismic data with the interpreted azimuth obtained from image logs and microseismic data. The application indicates that the strike of the most-positive principal curvature [Formula: see text] can be used as an indicator for the azimuth of natural fractures within our study area. The azimuthal anisotropy of the dominant frequency component of offset vector title seismic data can be used to predict the azimuth of maximum in situ horizontal stress within our study area that is located in the southern region of the Sichuan Basin, China. The predicted azimuths provide important information for the subsequent well planning and hydraulic fracturing.
Centrosome Aberrations as Drivers of Chromosomal Instability in Breast Cancer
Authors: Piemonte Katrina M , Anstine Lindsey J , Keri Ruth A
Published: October 2021

Chromosomal instability (CIN), or the dynamic change in chromosome number and composition, has been observed in cancer for decades. Recently, this phenomenon has been implicated as facilitating the acquisition of cancer hallmarks and enabling the formation of aggressive disease. Hence, CIN has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target for a wide range of cancers. CIN in cancer often occurs as a result of disrupting key regulators of mitotic fidelity and faithful chromosome segregation. As a consequence of their essential roles in mitosis, dysfunctional centrosomes can induce and maintain CIN. Centrosome defects are common in breast cancer, a heterogeneous disease characterized by high CIN. These defects include amplification, structural defects, and loss of primary cilium nucleation. Recent studies have begun to illuminate the ability of centrosome aberrations to instigate genomic flux in breast cancer cells and the tumor evolution associated with aggressive disease and poor patient outcomes. Here, we review the role of CIN in breast cancer, the processes by which centrosome defects contribute to CIN in this disease, and the emerging therapeutic approaches that are being developed to capitalize upon such aberrations.
The Influence of Kin Proximity on the Reproductive Success of American Couples, 1900–1910
Authors: Hacker J. David , Helgertz Jonas , Nelson Matt A. , Roberts Evan
Published: October 2021

Children require a large amount of time, effort, and resources to raise. Physical help, financial contributions, medical care, and other types of assistance from kin and social network members allow couples to space births closer together while maintaining or increasing child survival. We examine the impact of kin availability on couples' reproductive success in the early twentieth-century United States with a panel data set of over 3.1 million couples linked between the 1900 and 1910 U.S. censuses. Our results indicate that kin proximity outside the household was positively associated with fertility, child survival, and net reproduction, and suggest that declining kin availability was an important contributing factor to the fertility transition in the United States. We also find important differences between maternal and paternal kin inside the household—including higher fertility among women residing with their mother-in-law than among those residing with their mother—that support hypotheses related to the contrasting motivations and concerns of parents and parents-in-law.
The molecular and phenotypic makeup of fetal human skin T lymphocytes
Authors: Reitermaier René , Ayub Tanya , Staller Julia , Kienzl Philip , Fortelny Nikolaus , Vieyra-Garcia Pablo Augusto , Worda Christof , Fiala Christian , Staud Clement , Eppel Wolfgang , Scharrer Anke , Krausgruber Thomas , Elbe-Bürger Adelheid
Published: October 2021

The adult human skin contains a vast number of T cells that are essential for skin homeostasis and pathogen defense. T cells are first observed in the skin at the early stages of gestation; however, our understanding of their contribution to early immunity has been limited by their low abundance and lack of comprehensive methodologies for their assessment. Here, we describe a new workflow for isolating and expanding significant amounts of T cells from fetal human skin. Using multiparametric flow cytometry and in situ immunofluorescence, we found a large population with a naive phenotype and small populations with a memory and regulatory phenotype. Their molecular state was characterized using single-cell transcriptomics and TCR repertoire profiling. Importantly, culture of total fetal skin biopsies facilitated T cell expansion without a substantial impact on their phenotype, a major prerequisite for subsequent functional assays. Collectively, our experimental approaches and data advance the understanding of fetal skin immunity and potential use in future therapeutic interventions.
Muscle as a tunable material: implications for achieving muscle-like function in robotic prosthetic devices
Authors: Nishikawa Kiisa , Huck Thomas G.
Published: October 2021

An ideal prosthesis should perform as well as or better than the missing limb it was designed to replace. Although this ideal is currently unattainable, recent advances in design have significantly improved the function of prosthetic devices. For the lower extremity, both passive prostheses (which provide no added power) and active prostheses (which add propulsive power) aim to emulate the dynamic function of the ankle joint, whose adaptive, time-varying resistance to applied forces is essential for walking and running. Passive prostheses fail to normalize energetics because they lack variable ankle impedance that is actively controlled within each gait cycle. By contrast, robotic prostheses can normalize energetics for some users under some conditions. However, the problem of adaptive and versatile control remains a significant issue. Current prosthesis-control algorithms fail to adapt to changes in gait required for walking on level ground at different speeds or on ramps and stairs. A new paradigm of ‘muscle as a tunable material’ versus ‘muscle as a motor’ offers insights into the adaptability and versatility of biological muscles, which may provide inspiration for prosthesis design and control. In this new paradigm, neural activation tunes muscle stiffness and damping, adapting the response to applied forces rather than instructing the timing and amplitude of muscle force. A mechanistic understanding of muscle function is incomplete and would benefit from collaboration between biologists and engineers. An improved understanding of the adaptability of muscle may yield better models as well as inspiration for developing prostheses that equal or surpass the functional capabilities of biological limbs across a wide range of conditions.
Acoustic deterrents influence foraging activity, flight and echolocation behaviour of free-flying bats
Authors: Gilmour Lia R. V. , Holderied Marc W. , Pickering Simon P. C. , Jones Gareth
Published: October 2021

Acoustic deterrents have shown potential as a viable mitigation measure to reduce human impacts on bats; however, the mechanisms underpinning acoustic deterrence of bats have yet to be explored. Bats avoid ambient ultrasound in their environment and alter their echolocation calls in response to masking noise. Using stereo thermal videogrammetry and acoustic methods, we tested predictions that: (i) bats would avoid acoustic deterrents and forage and social call less in a ‘treated airspace’; (ii) deterrents would cause bats to fly with more direct flight paths akin to commuting behaviour and in line with a reduction in foraging activity, resulting in increased flight speed and decreased flight tortuosity; and (iii) bats would alter their echolocation call structure in response to the masking deterrent sound. As predicted, overall bat activity was reduced by 30% and we recorded a significant reduction in counts of Pipistrellus pygmaeus (27%), Myotis spp. (probably M. daubentonii) (26%), and Nyctalus spp. and Eptesicus spp. (68%) passes. Pipistrellus pygmaeus feeding buzzes were also reduced by the deterrent in relation to general activity (by 38%); however, social calls were not (only 23% reduction). Bats also increased their flight speed and reduced the tortuosity of their flight paths, and P. pygmaeus reduced echolocation call bandwidth and start frequency of calls in response to deterrent playback, probably owing to the masking effect of the sound. Deterrence could therefore be used to remove bats from areas where they forage, for example wind turbines and roads, where they may be under threat from direct mortality.
Formic acid modulates latency and accuracy of nestmate recognition in carpenter ants
Authors: Baracchi David , Giurfa Martin , d'Ettorre Patrizia
Published: October 2021

Decision-making processes face the dilemma of being accurate or faster, a phenomenon that has been described as speed–accuracy trade-off in numerous studies on animal behaviour. In social insects, discriminating between colony members and aliens is subject to this trade-off as rapid and accurate rejection of enemies is of primary importance for the maintenance and ecological success of insect societies. Recognition cues distinguishing aliens from nestmates are embedded in the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) layer and vary among colonies. In walking carpenter ants, exposure to formic acid (FA), an alarm pheromone, improves the accuracy of nestmate recognition by decreasing both alien acceptance and nestmate rejection. Here, we studied the effect of FA exposure on the spontaneous aggressive mandible opening response (MOR) of harnessed Camponotus aethiops ants presented with either nestmate or alien CHCs. FA modulated both MOR accuracy and the latency to respond to odours of conspecifics. In particular, FA decreased the MOR towards nestmates but increased it towards aliens. Furthermore, FA decreased MOR latency towards aliens but not towards nestmates. As response latency can be used as a proxy of response speed, we conclude that contrary to the prediction of the speed–accuracy trade-off theory, ants did not trade off speed against accuracy in the process of nestmate recognition.
Functional loss of ketogenesis in odontocete cetaceans
Authors: Wolfgang Michael J. , Choi Joseph , Scafidi Susanna
Published: October 2021

Odontocete cetaceans exhibit genomic mutations in key ketogenesis genes. In order to validate an inferred lack of ketogenesis made by observations from genome sequencing, we biochemically analyzed tissues from several odontocete cetacean species and demonstrate that they indeed do not exhibit appreciable hepatic β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) or its carnitine ester. Furthermore, liver tissue exhibited significantly lower long chain acylcarnitines and increased odd chain acylcarnitines indicative of a decreased reliance on hepatic long chain fatty acid oxidation in these carnivorous mammals. Finally, we performed single molecule, real-time next generation sequencing of liver and brain RNA of Tursiops truncatus and demonstrate that the succinyl-CoA transferase required for acetoacetate catabolism is expressed in the nervous system. These data show that odontocete cetaceans have lost the ability to perform ketogenesis and suggest a hepatocentric coenzyme A recycling function rather than a predominantly systemic–bioenergetic role for ketogenesis in other ketogenic competent mammals such as humans.
Cembranoid-Related Diterpenes, Novel Secoditerpenes, and an Unusual Bisditerpene from a Formosan Soft Coral Sarcophyton Tortuosum
Authors: Lin Kuan-Hua , Lin Yu-Chi , Huang Chiung-Yao , Tseng Yen-Ju , Chen Shu-Rong , Cheng Yuan-Bin , Hwang Tsong-Long , Wang Sheng-Yang , Chen Hsing-Yin , Dai Chang-Feng , Sheu Jyh-Horng
Published: October 2021

Further chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum has led to the isolation of ten terpenoidal metabolites, including six new compounds, secoditerpenes secotortuosenes A and B (1 and 2), diterpenes tortuosenes C and D (3 and 4) and tortuosumol (5), and a biscembranoid bisotortuolide cyclobutane A (6), along with four known compounds, ketoemblide (7), sartrolide G (8), emblide (9), and sarcrassin E (10). Compounds 5 and 6 are metabolites of intra- and intermolecular [2+2] cyclizations, respectively. Notably, 1 and 2 are 12-membered carbocyclic compounds possessing a 2-methyl-3-oxopentanyl side chain and representing an unprecedented molecular skeleton, while compound 6 possesses a unique cyclobutanyl biscembranoid skeleton. The absolute configurations of 1 and 5 were determined by TDDFT ECD calculations. Bioassays showed that compound 5 exhibited selective cytotoxicity against the growth of the Molt-4 cell line, while 6 exhibited inhibitory activity against P388, K562, and HT-29 cancer cell lines. Compounds 3 and 5–7 showed effects for inhibition toward the generation of superoxide anion, while 3, 6, and 7 displayed inhibition activity against elastase release in fMLF/CB-induced neutrophils. In addition, compounds 6, 7, and 10 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide generation in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell assay.
Aerobic Electrochemical Transformations of DDT to Oxygen-Incorporated Products Catalyzed by a B12 Derivative
Authors: Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Yano Yoshio , Ono Toshikazu , Hisaeda Yoshio , Shimakoshi Hisashi
Published: October 2021

Electrochemical transformations of DDT into oxygen-incorporated products, amides and esters, catalyzed by a B12 derivative, heptamethyl cobyrinate perchlorate, have been developed under aerobic conditions. The dechlorinative oxygenation of DDT forms the acyl chloride as an intermediate for the synthesis of the amide and ester in the reaction with the amine and alcohol, respectively. This electrochemical method demonstrated with 20 oxygen-incorporated dechlorinated products up to 88% yields with 15 new compounds and was also successfully applied to the conversion of methoxychlor to an amide and ester.
Geographic inequalities in non-acute healthcare supply: evidence from Ireland
Authors: Smith Samantha , Walsh Brendan , Wren Maev-Ann , Barron Steve , Morgenroth Edgar , Eighan James , Lyons Seán
Published: October 2021

Background: Recent reforms in Ireland, as outlined in Sláintecare, the report of the cross-party parliamentary committee on health, are focused on shifting from a hospital-centric system to one where non-acute care plays a more central role. However, these reforms were embarked on in the absence of timely and accurate information about the capacity of non-acute care to take on a more central role in the system. To help address this gap, this paper outlines the most comprehensive analysis to date of geographic inequalities in non-acute care supply in Ireland.

Methods: Data on the supply of 10 non-acute services including primary care, allied health, and care for older people, were collated. Per capita supply for each service is described for 28 counties in Ireland (Tipperary and Dublin divided into North and South), using 2014 supply and population data. To examine inequity in the geographic distribution of services, raw population in each county was adjusted for a range of needs indicators.

Results: The findings show considerable geographic inequalities across counties in the supply of non-acute care. Some counties had low levels of supply of several types of non-acute care. The findings remain largely unchanged after adjusting for need, suggesting that the unequal patterns of supply are also inequitable.

Conclusions: In the context of population changes and the influence of non-need factors, the persistence of historical budgeting in Ireland has led to considerable geographic inequities in non-acute supply, with important lessons for Ireland and for other countries. Such inequities come into sharp relief in the context of COVID-19, where non-acute supply plays a crucial role in ensuring that acute services are preserved for treating acutely ill patients.
An ethical analysis of vaccinating children against COVID-19: benefits, risks, and issues of global health equity
Authors: Gur-Arie Rachel , Kraaijeveld Steven R. , Jamrozik Euzebiusz
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 vaccination of children over 12 has begun in various high-income countries with regulatory approval and general public support, but largely without careful ethical consideration. This trend is expected to extend to other COVID-19 vaccines and lower ages as clinical trials progress. This paper provides an ethical analysis of COVID-19 vaccination of healthy children. Specifically, we argue that it is currently unclear whether routine COVID-19 vaccination of healthy children is ethically justified in most contexts, given the minimal direct benefit that COVID-19 vaccination provides to children, the potential for rare risks to outweigh these benefits and undermine vaccine confidence, and substantial evidence that COVID-19 vaccination confers adequate protection to risk groups, such as older adults, without the need to vaccinate children. We conclude that child COVID-19 vaccination in wealthy communities before adults in poor communities worldwide is ethically unacceptable and consider how policy deliberations might evolve in light of future developments.
IPO Underpiricing, Konservatisme Akuntansi, dan Sentimen Investor
Authors:   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Indonesia, Wibowo Buddi
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The significant increase of stock price compared to its IPO price is difficult to explain. Companies which issue their stock are impossible to set underpriced IPO voluntarily, while investors who buy an overpriced stock are only they who are not rational or lack of information. Conservative financial statements and high accrual quality provide an opportunity for all investors to be able to estimate the fair price of IPO shares so that the disagreement among investors is not too wide and price fluctuations due to speculation are not too high in the secondary market. Using Indonesia Stock Exchanges, the results show that influence of accounting conservatism and accrual quality are stronger in the 30 holding period after the IPO because the uncertainty of financial statement information led to wider speculation opportunities in the long period. The rise in stock prices after IPO is also influenced by investor’s sentiment and market conditions Keywords: IPO, underpricing, accounting conservatism; accrual quality, investor sentiment
ROLE OF METASUBJECT EDUCATIONAL RESULTS IN LEARNERS’ PROFESSIONAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS FORMATION
Authors: Isaikina Maria A. , Nedogreeva Natalia G. , Pokotilo Aleksandr S.
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the notion of metasubject educational results that are closely connected with the formation of universal skills necessary for a specialist in demand in the contemporary society.
The purpose of the article is to identify the influence of metasubject results on the learners’ mastering of knowledge, abilities and skills as well as to establish the relationship between formed competences and learners’ professional self-consciousness development.
Materials and methods are considered to be theoretical research of discussed notions, analyses of literature, generalization and systematization.
Results. Metasubject results are considered to be cross-cutting educational results related to universal competences formation in accordance with educational programs of basic general education and complete secondary education.
The emphasis is placed on the development of cognitive, informative, communicative and regulatory competences while the latter is viewed as indicator of direction of learners’ professional self-consciousness formation. The article touches upon the role of the teacher in the formation of competences and metasubject educational results necessary for learners’ professional self-consciousness growth.
Conclusions. The educational process should be organized in such a way to develop skills and abilities of learners using the most effective motivating means. The development of competences is to promote metasubject results necessary for learners’ professional self-consciousness formation and growth.
Total Unduplicated Reach and Frequency Optimization at Procter & Gamble
Authors: Camm Jeffrey D. , Christman Jeremy , Narayanan A.
Published: October 2021

The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G) is a consumer goods corporation that employs over 90,000 people and has operations in roughly 80 countries worldwide. Products in P&G’s 10-category portfolio of products are sold in over 180 countries. The Consumer Research Analytics group at P&G empowers internal clients by using analytics to ensure that the products in P&G’s portfolio of products are not just well received by consumers but become the products of choice for the maximum number of consumers, thereby maximizing P&G’s market share. One of the most frequently used analytical approaches for managing a product line is Total Unduplicated Reach and Frequency analysis. We replaced the previous enumerative approach with integer programming coupled with cuts to the unit hypercube to dramatically speed up the analysis. As a result, P&G achieved higher utilization of its system, improvements to existing products, and more thorough analyses for product line planning and other applications.
Coordination Games on Weighted Directed Graphs
Authors: Apt Krzysztof R. , Simon Sunil , Wojtczak Dominik
Published: October 2021

We study strategic games on weighted directed graphs, where each player’s payoff is defined as the sum of the weights on the edges from players who chose the same strategy, augmented by a fixed nonnegative integer bonus for picking a given strategy. These games capture the idea of coordination in the absence of globally common strategies. We identify natural classes of graphs for which finite improvement or coalition-improvement paths of polynomial length always exist, and consequently a (pure) Nash equilibrium or a strong equilibrium can be found in polynomial time. The considered classes of graphs are typical in network topologies: simple cycles correspond to the token ring local area networks, whereas open chains of simple cycles correspond to multiple independent rings topology from the recommendation G.8032v2 on Ethernet ring protection switching. For simple cycles, these results are optimal in the sense that without the imposed conditions on the weights and bonuses, a Nash equilibrium may not even exist. Finally, we prove that determining the existence of a Nash equilibrium or of a strong equilibrium is NP-complete already for unweighted graphs, with no bonuses assumed. This implies that the same problems for polymatrix games are strongly NP-hard.
Pengalaman pemberian ASI ekslusif pada Ibu bekerja: scoping review
Authors: Agustin Dinar , Astuti Andari Wuri
Published: October 2021

Working mothers faced many challenges and constraints. Despite legislations mandating workplaces to give support, including breastfeeding areas for their employees, a number of hurdles remained, preventing them from achieving exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Therefore, this review intended to review evidence on the experience of EBF practices among working mothers. This study employed scoping review by using four stages. Firstly, develop the focus of the study through the framework of PEOS (Population, Exposure, Outcome and study design). Secondly, conducted literature search using three relevant databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley Online) and grey literature (Google scholar). Thirdly, selected relevant studies using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fourthly, conducted critical appraisals using data charting to assess the quality of included articles, followed by analyzing and reporting the results. PRISMA flowchart was used to describe the literature search plot. Based on 12 included articles, twothirds of the included articles were qualitative studies categorized as grade A. The other four articles had grade B where three out of four were non-randomized quantitative studies and one mixed-method study. Some factors identified to be the cause to prevent continued EBF were insufficiency support and facilities from family, husband, coworkers in the workplaces (paid leave, availability of daycare, lactation room, breast milk pumping tools). Two other identified factors were previous breastfeeding experience and knowledge. The implementation of EBF practices were challenging in some developed countries. However, having good knowledge was necessary to reduce the gap between maternal perception and belief in which was occurred in Italy study. In contrary, low knowledge was found as an important obstacle in the developing world such as Bangladesh. Overall, perception and belief related to EBF of working mothers contributed to the practice of EBF.
Ações educativas e logística reversa de medicamentos descartados na cidade universitária de Macaé-RJ
Authors: Todeschini Vítor , Gomes Marcos FM , Sales Julia R , Pereira Thaís MS , Oliveira Raissa MF , Campos Marlon RS , Santos Raiane L , Santos Bárbara S , Chagas Chayanne S , Machado Anna KMS , Valente Juliana G , Verdam Maria CS , Guimarães Denise O , Sangoi Maximiliano S , Barth Thiago , Martins Samantha M , Nemitz Marina C
Published: October 2021

Os medicamentos podem constituir risco à saúde pública e ao meio ambiente se descartados incorretamente. Neste cenário vem sendo desenvolvido o projeto “Descarte de medicamentos: diagnóstico, educação e gerenciamento em domicílios e estabelecimentos farmacêuticos do município de Macaé-RJ” cujo objetivo envolve a realização de ações educativas e o estabelecimento de procedimentos para o correto manejo desses resíduos em conformidade com as Boas Práticas de Gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS). Um sistema de logística reversa foi desenvolvido através da disponibilização de um dispositivo contentor com espaços destinados à segregação de formas farmacêuticas sólidas, semissólidas e líquidas na cidade Universitária de Macaé-RJ. Em dias pré-determinados realizou-se o recebimento dos resíduos de medicamentos, seguidos da identificação, análise e armazenamento temporário. A coleta, transporte externo, tratamento e destinação ambientalmente adequada do resíduo foi conduzida pela empresa Transforma Gerenciamento de Resíduos, parceira do projeto e licenciada para a atividade. A caracterização dos materiais foi realizada com formulário validado observando-se 21,2 kg de resíduos durante o ano de 2019. Durante este mesmo ano a ação educativa “Posso jogar remédio no lixo?” foi realizada para diferentes públicos escolares do ensino médio de Macaé e região, sendo observado ótimos indicadores de satisfação junto ao público participante. Assim, além do diálogo e troca de saberes envolvendo os resíduos de medicamentos, o presente estudo estabeleceu procedimentos para o seu adequado gerenciamento, contribuindo para a saúde pública e ambiental e podendo servir como fonte de consulta para estimular e orientar novas iniciativas relacionadas ao tema.
Macaé além do petróleo: diversificação socioeconômica através do turismo
Authors: Zickwolff Erick Da Cunha Coelho , Caldas Glauber Henrique Santos , Coelho Vânia Hatab , Jesus Aline César , Bantim Natasha Ribeiro
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as perspectivas da atividade turística no município fluminense de Macaé, levando em conta a recente crise econômica vivida pela cidade, entre os anos de 2014 e 2018, além do atual quadro de incertezas geradas pela pandemia da Covid-19. Para uma melhor contextualização do tema, foi realizado um breve levantamento acerca do desenvolvimento econômico macaense, desde suas origens agrárias até o estabelecimento da base de operação para as atividades de prospecção e de produção da Bacia de Campos, pela Petrobras, e a construção da identidade de “Capital Nacional do Petróleo”. As razões que contribuíram para o cenário da crise da década de 2010 também foram investigadas, mostrando que, devido ao atual estágio do capitalismo global, alguns acontecimentos internacionais – como a variação nos preços do barril de petróleo – podem ter um impacto tão significativo para uma cidade brasileira, quanto a situação política do próprio país.  Para que, de fato, se pudesse pensar nas possibilidades do desenvolvimento futuro de um turismo sustentável em Macaé, tornou-se necessário que se perquirisse sobre o momento vivido no município hoje, com a presença e circulação do coronavírus (Sars-CoV-2) alterando o cotidiano, obrigando o estabelecimento de novas práticas diárias, além da gradual retomada, das atividades relacionadas com o petróleo. A conclusão deste exercício, ao mesmo tempo analítico e imaginativo, aponta para a necessidade do estabelecimento de parcerias entre o poder público municipal, através de suas diversas pastas – com destaque para a Secretaria Adjunta de Turismo – a iniciativa privada e as instituições de ensino superior e técnico com sede na cidade, inclusive com uma aproximação regional com os diversos municípios da região turística da Costa do Sol, a qual pertence.
O arranjo produtivo local de petróleo e gás em Macaé: origem, evolução, impactos da crise do contrachoque de 2014 e perspectivas pós-crise
Authors: Dias Robson Santos , Silva Neto Romeu E
Published: October 2021

Macaé se tornou, nas últimas décadas, o mais importante e dinâmico polo de crescimento econômico e populacional do interior fluminense, em razão da formidável oferta de empregos formais, muitos dos quais com remuneração mais elevada que a média dos outros municípios do estado. Esse fenômeno deve-se à formação do Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) de petróleo e gás natural que se concentrou, desde o final da década de 1970, com a instalação da Petrobrás e da estrutura de apoio no município. O arranjo é altamente especializado, sendo liderado pelas atividades de ‘extração de petróleo e gás natural’ e das ‘atividades de apoio à extração de petróleo e gás natural’. Entretanto, com o início da produção de petróleo na Bacia de Santos a partir do início da década de 2010, e com os efeitos do contrachoque do petróleo de 2014, o papel do APL tem passado por mudanças significativas. O presente estudo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, analisa os impactos desses fatores sobre o APL, com destaque para o Quociente Locacional (QL), sobre a arrecadação de royalties do município, sobre os estabelecimentos e os empregos formais e suas características. Os resultados apontam para impactos negativos sobre a arrecadação e o mercado de trabalho local, especialmente, sobre os empregos de maiores exigências de treinamento técnico especializado de nível médio e superior, e que também eram os que pagavam maiores salários. No entanto, embora com redução do QL, como a crise foi generalizada em nível nacional, as perdas de Macaé não representaram menor centralidade do arranjo produtivo no conjunto das atividades de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás no país. Ainda assim, existe uma série de incertezas com relação à evolução futura do arranjo produtivo que abre novos campos de estudos.
Risco para Síndrome de Burnout em professores de escolas públicas de Macaé - RJ
Authors: MONTEIRO LUANA SILVA , SPERANDIO NAIARA , FREZ JAÍNA SCHUMACKER , VIVEIROS LARISSA COSTA FERREIRA , RODRIGUES WALQUIRIA TEREZINHA OLIVEIRA , LOURENÇO ANA ELIZA PORT , PONTES PRISCILA VIEIRA
Published: October 2021

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o risco para o desenvolvimento da Síndrome de Burnout (SB) em professores da rede pública de ensino de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em 2019 com professores de quatro escolas públicas de Macaé. Os participantes responderam um questionário autopreenchível sobre características sociodemográficas, laborais e de saúde. Para avaliar o risco da SB, utilizou-se o “Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo”, validado para profissionais da educação no Brasil. Foi calculado um escore para as respostas dos professores em cada uma das quatro dimensões desse questionário. Escores baixos (<2) na dimensão de Ilusão pelo trabalho, e escores altos (≥ 2) nas dimensões de Desgaste psíquico, Indolência e Culpa permitiram inferir o risco para SB. Foram avaliados 84 professores (25 do ensino fundamental e 59 do ensino médio), com média de idade de 44 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino (76,2%) e com excesso de peso (69,9%). Somente no ensino médio foram observados professores com risco para SB (3,0%). Contudo, parcela elevada dos avaliados apresentou escores críticos para Desgaste psíquico (69,0%) e Culpa (32,1%). Características dos professores, como “ser mulher”, “não ser casado”, “ter menor tempo de atuação no magistério” e “ter hipertensão” implicaram em maior presença de escores críticos para SB. Apesar de apenas pequena parcela dos professores ter sido identificada com risco para SB, muitos apresentaram escore elevado para Desgaste psíquico e Culpa, o que denota que a SB pode, cedo ou tarde, vir a acometer um maior número de professores. Para além da contribuição científica, esses resultados podem ser usados para promover reflexão e direcionar políticas e ações locais acerca da saúde dos professores em Macaé.
Editorial
Authors: Editores Os
Published: October 2021

Editorial
O TEATRO NA PRODUÇÃO FABULAR E CRÍTICA DE UM PENSAMENTO ANTIRRACISTA / Theater in the fabular and critical production of an antiracist thought
Authors: Patrocínio Soraya Martins
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo busca refletir como o teatro, lugar da partilha de sensibilidades, apresenta-se como meio fabular de fazer emergir performances que criam e recriam histórias e identidades e se abre para lugares outros na organização do sensível, ao estabelecer discursos e imagens outras acerca  da negrura, como possibilidade mesma de elaboração de uma perspectiva que potencialize outros saberes, tradições e subjetividades. Os teatros pensados, realizados, encenados/performados por artistas negras e negros podem aparecer como uma forma de lançar mão dos corpos da negrura como imagem-texto, inventariar outras imagens possíveis para esses corpos e criar imagens e narrativas que faltam. São teatralidades carregadas de uma “politicidade sensível”, que fundam espaços de cena em que a não separação nítida entre realidade e ficção representa a possibilidade de voltar ao passado e extrair dele outras narrativas para recoreografar as lacunas da memória e alinhavar histórias que se constituem nos tempos do vivido e do contado. Nesse sentido, a prática teatral pode ser uma importante ferramenta de luta e de educação antirracista, na medida em que traduz a experiência e a memória do negro no Brasil; destrói os estereótipos que reproduzem os preconceitos raciais; e processa a reposição do negro de objeto enunciado a sujeito enunciador da sua própria história e subjetividade.
Some properties of various graphs associated with finite groups
Authors:   Henan University of Technology, Chen X. Y. , Moghaddamfar A. R. ,   K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Zohourattar M. ,   K. N. Toosi University of Technology
Published: October 2021

In this paper we investigate some properties of the power graph and commuting graph associated with a finite group, using their tree-numbers. Among other things, it is shown that the simple group L2(7) can be characterized through the tree-number of its power graph. Moreover, the classification of groups with power-free decomposition is presented. Finally, we obtain an explicit formula concerning the tree-number of commuting graphs associated with the Suzuki simple groups.