bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of environmental microstructure on the behavioural phase state and distribution of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: BOUAÏCHI ABDELGHANI , SIMPSON STEPHEN J. , ROESSINGH PETER
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In previous studies we used logistic regression analysis to quantify the change in behavioural phase state of Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) nymphs subjected to variations in population density. Such work involved restricting insects in small containers either alone or in a crowd. In the present paper we have shown that the fine‐scale distribution of food plants, perches and favourable microclimatic sites influences the spatial distribution of locusts, both in the laboratory and under semi‐field conditions. When multiple resource sites were provided, solitarious locusts tended to disperse and behavioural gregarization was inhibited. However, provision of only a single site promoted congregation, overcoming the tendency of solitarious insects to avoid each other, and led to behavioural gregarization. The time‐course and extent of this response was fully consistent with our earlier experiments using enforced crowding. We suggest that such quantitative, experimental studies of the effects of environmental microstructure on behaviour may yield fundamental insights into the dynamics of plague formation in the desert locust.
Life history of Galerucella nymphaeae and implications of reproductive diapause for rearing univoltine chrysomelids
Authors: TAUBER MAURICE J. , TAUBER CATHERINE A. , NECHOLS JAMES R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Galerucella nymphaeae L., a chrysomelid that feeds on Lythrum spp., water lily and water chestnut, is closely related to two European species that were recently introduced into North America for biological control of L.salicaria, purple loosestrife. To develop a paradigm for continuously rearing these and other univoltine chrysomelids, we conducted field and laboratory studies on G. nymphaeae's development, reproduction and diapause.

A high incidence of reproduction without diapause occurred when fourth instars, pupae, and adults (held as pairs) experienced very long daylengths (LD18:6 h), i.e. longer than those G.nymphaeae encounters in nature. Under similar photoperiodic conditions, adults maintained in groups showed a significantly higher rate of reproductive diapause than those held as pairs. Females laid three to seven egg masses/week, and the size of egg masses varied between nine and nineteen eggs. During their reproductive lifetimes, individual females showed a highly significant propensity to lay a consistent number of eggs/egg mass.

After diapausing under short daylengths and low temperature (LD 10:14h, 5d̀C), adults transferred to long days (LD 18:6h at 21d̀C) had high rates of diapause termination and postdiapause oviposition. In contrast, those transferred to short daylengths (LD 10:14h at 21d̀C) had low rates of reproduction.

Laboratory‐derived heat‐degree models accurately predicted egg and pupal, but not larval, development in the field. In nature, most females in the summer generation entered reproductive diapause without ovipositing; a small proportion of females that emerged relatively early (by mid June) oviposited before entering diapause. The overwintering population consists of adults from the first‐generation and a small number from the second generation.
Effects of host‐odour plume altitude and changing wind velocity on upwind flight manoeuvres of a specialist braconid parasitoid
Authors: ZANEN P. OLIVIER , CARDÉ RING T.
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Females of the specialist parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), were released in a wind tunnel into host‐odour plumes dispersed by winds of three velocities and winds whose speed was changed while the wasps were engaged in upwind flight. In steady winds of 61, 122 and 183 cms‐‐1, wasps maintained similar ‘preferred’ ground speeds by adjusting their airspeed, while turning to a lesser degree as wind velocity increased. In winds of changing velocity (either increasing or decreasing within a 60–100 cm s‐1 range), wasps lowered their rate of upwind progress, leading to more tortuous tracks. During changing wind speeds longitudinal image flow decreased. Wasps flying in host‐odour plumes 10 cm and 20 cm above the flight tunnel floor in a 122 cm s‐1 wind had similar ground speeds; thus their rate of ventral visual image flow varied two‐fold. M.croceipes may ‘aim’ upwind by comparing how changes in the course angle vary with the direction of visual image flow. During changing wind velocities the relationship between changes in visual and flight muscle generated torque is ambiguous. Under these conditions most wasps cast, a manoeuvre characterized by wide lateral excursions across the wind without upwind progress. Once wind speed stabilizes, flight straightens out and upwind flight resumes.
Differential photoperiodic responses in genetically identical winged and wingless pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and the effect of day length on wing development
Authors: NUNES MARLIES VAZ , HARDIE JIM
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Winged and wingless individuals of a pink clone of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), showed differences in the response curves for photoperiodic induction of both males and sexual females (oviparae). The critical night length (CNL) for ovipara induction in winged aphids was 0.75 h shorter than in wingless aphids, whereas the CNL for male induction in winged aphids was 1.0h longer than in wingless aphids. This means that in winged aphids the CNL for male induction in winged aphids was 0.5 h longer than that for ovipara induction, while in wingless aphids the CNL for male induction was 1.0–1.5h shorter than that for ovipara induction, and also the shapes of the curves differed.

Winged aphids were produced by wingless mothers which were crowded as young adults. However, when young adults were crowded in long nights, winged aphids were not produced, and the CNL for wing inhibition was between 9.5 and 10h. This effect of photoperiod on wing induction was maternal.
Adult transport in the ant Cataglyphis iberica: a means to maintain a uniform colonial odour in a species with multiple nests
Authors: DAHBI A. , CERDÁ X. , HEFETZ A. , LENOIR A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract. . Societies of the ant Cataglyphis iberica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) comprise several satellite queenless nests around a queenright nest. During spring, at the end of hibernation, the incidence of adult transport between these nests is high, but it decreases during summer. Quantitative analyses of the contents of postpharyngeal glands of transporter and transportee ants reveal the amounts of hydrocarbons to be lower in the latter, indicating that these ants are generally younger. Moreover, the more diverse composition of the transportees' secretion may reflect their individual makeup. Transporters, in contrast, maintained a uniform colony odour uirough trophallactic exchanges before entering hibernation. The odour disparity between the transportees and the general colony odour may stimulate the transporters to bear them to the nest containing the queen where they can obtain the colony odour via trophallaxis. The intense traffic between satellite nests in the spring may thus be the means by which a uniform colonial odour is regained after hibernation. Adult transport seems also to be necessary since the young transportee ants are not able to orient themselves and find the other nests.
Free flight capacity determination in a sustained flight tunnel: effects of age and sexual state on the flight duration of Prostephanus truncatus
Authors: FADAMIRO HENRy y.
Published: March 2008

Abstract. . Adult Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) steering anemotactically upwind to a pheromone source in a wind tunnel, respond normally to, and alter their ground speed according to the direction and speed of, the movement of ground patterns beneath them. By manipulating this optomotor reaction component of their behaviour, studies were conducted on their flight duration. The results show a great deal of individual variation in flight duration, and the general data on single flights were skewed towards short flights. Pre‐reproductive and inter‐reproductive male and female beetles flew significantly longer than older beetles that had passed their peak of reproduction. There was no significant difference in the flight duration of male and female beetles at any age. The overall results suggest mat younger P. truncatus are capable of long‐distance flights, and support the proposition that flight could be important in the spread of the beetle.
Muscle activity underlying sexual behaviour in male locusts (Locusta migratoria) after normal and hormonally disturbed development
Authors: KUTSCH W. , PENER M. P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract. . The activities of three sets of muscles, representing the major components of the abdominal muscle system, were recorded in the pregenital abdominal segments of adult males of Locusta migratoria. The muscular activities were associated with three consecutive actions of the male's mating behaviour: abdominal lowering, S‐bending and hooking‐up. These three actions depend mainly on the relative coordination of the dorsal versus ventral longitudinal muscles; the activity of the dorsoventral muscles is rather unpredictable, except in the sixth and seventh abdominal segments where they are regularly involved in hooking‐up. Studies on male sexual behaviour‐linked muscle activity in precocene‐induced fifth‐instar adultiforms and azadirachtin‐induced fifth‐instar over‐aged nymphs revealed no distinct differences between these creatures and normal mature males. Therefore the muscle activities associated with these adult‐specific behavioural acts can be released precociously, i.e. their occurrence is not dependent on a distinct series of instars. Moreover, the results obtained with over‐aged nymphs demonstrate that morphogenesis and ethogenesis (i.e. formation of neural circuits controlling adult‐specific behaviour) are not closely dependent on each other.
Hormonal control of lutein incorporation into pupal cuticle of the butterfly Inachis and the pupal melanization reducing factor
Authors: STARNECKER GERHARD
Published: March 2008

Abstract. . Morphological colour adaptation of pupae of the butterfly Inachis io L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is controlled by a factor which reduces cuticular melanization (Biickmann & Maisch, 1987). This so‐called pupal melanization reducing factor (PMRF) is located throughout the entire central nervous system of prepupae (Stamecker et al., 1994).

Extracts of abdominal ganglia also stimulated dose‐dependently lutein incorporation into pupal cuticle. In the bioassay higher doses were required to increase cuticular lutein content than to reduce melanization. Ligatures during the prepupal stage demonstrated two different critical periods for these pigmentation effects: an early one for melanization reduction and a late one for lutein incorporation.

An initial chromatographic purification yielded only two adjacent fractions which contained both the PMRF and the stimulation of lutein incorporation activity. Therefore it is assumed that only one hormone with a dual function may be responsible for pupal pigmentation.

Lutein content was found in gut, fat body, epidermis and haemolymph of I.io. Lutein incorporation into cuticle occurred within 1.5 days of the pupal moult when the cuticle was not yet fully sclerotized. Lutein content is significantly higher in cuticle of yellow pupae than of black ones.
Group influence on water conservation in the giant Madagascar hissing‐cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa (Dictyoptera: Blaberidae)
Authors: YODER JAY A. , GROJEAN NATHAN C.
Published: March 2008

Abstract. . Under laboratory conditions the hissing‐cockroach Gromphadorhina portentosa (Schaum) forms clusters, which appears to be an adaptive behaviour to help reduce water loss. Adults grouped together retain water nearly twice as effectively as isolated individuals. This ‘group effect’ complements the cockroach's large body size (small surface area to volume ratio) to lower the rate of water loss still further. Despite a modest 28% tolerance limit for weight loss during dehydration, adult females survive absolute drying conditions of 0% relative humidity without food and free water for at least a month, showing their impressive capacity for water retention. Rates of water loss of immature adults correlate with size, and no transition temperature is detected in females. To replenish water stores, cockroaches drank liquid water; there is no evidence for water gain by water vapour absorption. The profound impact exerted by the ‘group’ for water conservation suggests that members of this species live huddled together in nature, particularly during the long tropical dry season in order to conserve water, and this adds to previous evidence for the existence of a probable social structure.
Electrophysiological and behavioural studies of the biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae): interactions between some plant‐derived repellent compounds and a host‐odour attractant, 1‐octen‐3‐ol
Authors: BLACKWELL ALISON , WADHAMS LESTER J. , MORDUE WILLIAM
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Electroantennogram (EAG) and y‐tube bioassays have been used to demonstrate the repellent properties of five plant compounds with host‐seeking parous female Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer. The compounds were methyl salicylate and allyl‐, butyl‐, phenyl‐ and 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate. EAG thresholds were 1 times 10‐3 to 1 μg. In the bioassays, maximal repellencies occurred with 1 times 10˜2 to lOug. When each compound was combined with 1‐octen‐3‐ol, a confirmed host‐odour attractant for C.impunctatus females, additive effects were recorded in EAG assays and in bioassays, all of the compounds either reduced or reversed the attractancy of l‐octen‐3‐ol. Of the isothiocyanates, allyl isothiocyanate was the most potent and when combined with 1‐octen‐3‐ol in field trials, the attractant effect of l‐octen‐3‐ol was reduced.
Regulation of Juvenile Hormone synthesis in the blowfly Lucilla cuprina
Authors: SUTHERLAND TARA D. , EAST PETER D.
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Juvenile Hormone III bisepoxide synthesis by ring gland complexes from third‐instar larvae of the blowfly Lucilia cuprina Weidemann (Diptera, Calliphoridae) was measured using a radiochemical assay in vitro. Hormone synthesis is regulated by three distinct mechanisms during development of the final larval instar up to the time of pupariation. The first type of regulation is detected as a rapid decline in hormone release coinciding with the final phase of commitment to pupariation. The second is a neurally mediated inhibition by the brain that acts at all stages of development in third‐instar larvae. A protease‐sensitive factor from brains of third‐instar larvae causes dose‐dependent reversible inhibition of Juvenile Hormone III bisepoxide synthesis. The third regulatory signal is a neural inhibition, observed in brain‐ring gland complexes of prepupal stages. The first two levels of regulation appear to act early in the synthetic pathway for Juvenile Hormone (JH), whereas the third acts on the final steps of bisepoxide synthesis.
Mobilization of lipid and carbohydrate reserves in the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes
Authors: JR JACK W. KENT , TENG YUEH‐MEI , DESHPANDE DIPA , RANKIN MARy ANN
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The North American migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes Fabricius (Orthoptera: Acrididae) exhibits heritable variation in predisposition to make long‐duration flights, and performance of long‐duration flight enhances reproductive output. As a first step in understanding the physiological basis of these phenomena, we examined the mobilization of lipid and carbohydrate reserves during flight and in response to injection of extracts of the corpora cardiaca. Extract of conspecific corpora cardiaca elevates the concentration of haemolymph lipid. Both synthetic locust adipokinetic hormone I (AKH I) and synthetic Locusta migratoria AKH II raise the concentration of lipid in the haemolymph. However, although AKH I is more active than AKH II in locusts, dose‐response curves for the two peptides are similar in M.sanguinipes. Neither extract of conspecific corpora cardiaca nor locust AKH I affects haemolymph carbohydrate in this species. Haemolymph carbohydrate and total glycogen reserves are Diminished by tethered flight; in contrast, haemolymph lipid is elevated by flight. Grasshoppers identified as presumptive migrants or non‐migrants do not differ significantly in body composition. Total lipid reserves did not decrease measurably after extended flight, even though total reserves of carbohydrate do not appear to be sufficient to maintain the durations of flight performed.
Effects of carbon dioxide, acetone and 1‐octen‐3‐ol on the activity of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitmns
Authors: SCHOFIELD STEVEN , WITTy CHARLES , BRADy JOHN
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The responses of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) to carbon dioxide, acetone and 1‐octen‐3‐ol were assessed using flight activity as a measure of activation. Carbon dioxide and acetone caused significant increases in activity, with thresholds at ‐0.006% and ‐0.01 μg 1‐l, respectively. For l‐octen‐3‐ol, flight activity decreased at 2 μg 1‐1 for males, and at 0.2 μg 1‐1 for females. Variation in activity was also manifest as differences in the time elapsed between landing and subsequent take‐off: CO2 (7.1 s) and acetone (12.2s) had lower times than the corresponding no‐odour controls (16.6 and 23.2s), whereas 1‐octen‐3‐ol (25 s) had a higher time than the control (21.5 s). The proportion of the total number of flights landing on a black target was higher in CO2(0.16) and acetone (0.11) than in clear air (c. 0.07), but was lower for l‐octen‐3‐ol.
Role of galeal sensilla in host recognition and feeding behaviour of the Colorado potato beetle
Authors: ZHANG TOM Z. , MITCHELL B. K.
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Close‐range interactions with plants and the early stages of feeding behaviour of adult Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), were studied using beetles with and without various mouthpart sensilla. Representative host, potato (Solarium tuberosum), and non‐host, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), leaves were treated very differently by beetles with and without their galeal or palpal sensilla. Galeal sensilla were particularly important for beetles interacting with these two plants. Compared with normal beetles, fewer beetles without galeae fed on potato leaves, and those that did feed spent more time assessing the plant and took more bites before feeding. On tomtato, more beetles without galeae fed, spent less time assessing the plant and took fewer bites before feeding. Beetles without galeae also had lower consumption rates on potato and higher consumption rates on tomato. Beetles were very reluctant to feed on tomato if the galeae were present so removal of maxillary sensilla was studied only on potato. Without the sensilla on the maxillary palpi only the time between first touch and first bite was affected (lengthened). The importance of galeal sensilla in host recognition by this species and the implications for chemosensory studies are discussed here and in a companion paper.
Dietary sucrose and oligosaccharide synthesis in relation to osmoregulation in the pea aphid, Acyrthoslphon pisum
Authors: RHODES J. D. , CROGHAN P. C. , DIXON A. F. G.
Published: March 2008

Abstract. A major problem for aphids is the avoidance of dehydration due to a high dietary osmotic pressure. Their adaptations include a high osmotic pressure in the haemolymph and polymerization of dietary sugars to oligosaccharides. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), was fed on an artificial diet containing Relabelled sucrose, and the fate of dietary sucrose was studied using quantitative paper chromatography. The haemolymph of A. pisum, feeding on artificial diet containing 25% w/v (730 mM) sucrose, contained two main sugars: trehalose (255 nw) and fructose (129 mM). No sucrose was found in the haemolymph. The honeydew sugars (350 mM) of aphids fed the same diet were mainly oligosaccharides (220 mM). The polymerization of sucrose was responsible for a 34% reduction in molarity of sugars in the honeydew. At low dietary sucrose concentrations, the honeydew contained mainly mono‐ and disaccharides. At dietary sucrose concentrations of 15% or more, oligosaccharides were predominant. This is consistent with the idea that osmoregulation is carried out by oligosaccharide synthesis. Analysis of the stomach contents revealed that oligosaccharide synthesis occurs there, and tissue incubation showed that die gut is much more active in oligosaccharide synthesis than the eviscerated body tissues. The function of the filter chamber, found in some aphid species, is considered and it is suggested that this is a mechanism for reducing the osmotic pressure of the ingested diet.
Lindernia brevidens: a novel desiccation‐tolerant vascular plant, endemic to ancient tropical rainforests
Authors: Phillips Jonathan R. , Fischer Eberhard , Baron Miriam , Van Den Dries Niels , Facchinelli Fabio , Kutzer Michael , Rahmanzadeh Ramtin , Remus Daniela , Bartels Dorothea
Published: March 2008

A particular adaptation to survival under limited water availability has been realized in the desiccation‐tolerant resurrection plants, which tend to grow in a habitat with seasonal rainfall and long dry periods. One of the best‐studied examples is Craterostigma plantagineum. Here we report an unexpected finding: Lindernia brevidens, a close relative of C. plantagineum, exhibits desiccation tolerance, even though it is endemic to the montane rainforests of Tanzania and Kenya, where it never experiences seasonal dry periods. L. brevidens has been found exclusively in two fragments of the ancient Eastern Arc Mountains, which were protected from the devastating Pleistocene droughts by the stable Indian Ocean temperature. Analysis of the microhabitat reveals that L. brevidens is found in the same habitat as hygrophilous plant species, which further indicates that the plant never dries out completely. The objective of this investigation was to address whether C. plantagineum and L. brevidens have desiccation‐related pathways in common, or whether L. brevidens has acquired novel pathways. A third, closely related, desiccation‐sensitive species, Lindernia subracemosa, has been included for comparison. Mechanisms that confer cellular protection during extreme water loss are well conserved between C. plantagineum and L. brevidens, including the interconversion of 2‐octulose to sucrose within the two desiccation‐tolerant species. Furthermore, transcriptional control regions of desiccation‐related genes belonging to the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein family are also highly conserved. We propose that L. brevidens is a neoendemic species that has retained desiccation tolerance through genome stability, despite tolerance being superfluous to environmental conditions.
AGL23, a type I MADS‐box gene that controls female gametophyte and embryo development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Colombo Monica , Masiero Simona , Vanzulli Silvia , Lardelli Paolo , Kater Martin M. , Colombo Lucia
Published: March 2008

MADS‐box transcription factors are key regulators of plant developmental processes. While the function of MIKC (type II) MADS‐box genes has been intensively studied, only limited data are available for the other more recently identified classes of MADS‐box genes, despite these latter comprising more than 60% of the Arabidopsis MADS‐box gene family. Here we describe the function of AGL23, an Arabidopsis type I MADS‐box gene belonging to the Mα subfamily. We show that AGL23 plays an important role during development of the female gametophyte and embryo. The agl23‐1 mutant forms a functional megaspore. However, at this stage female gametophyte development is arrested and the megaspore persists during subsequent phases of ovule development. Despite the incomplete penetrance of the female gametophyte defect, plants homozygous for the agl23‐1 mutation were never identified. Analysis of developing seeds showed that embryos homozygous for the agl23‐1 allele are albino and unable to give rise to viable plants. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that this phenotype is due to the absence of chloroplasts, strongly suggesting that AGL23 is involved in controlling the biogenesis of organelles during embryo development.
Identification of major lysine residues of S3‐RNase of Petunia inflata involved in ubiquitin–26S proteasome‐mediated degradation in vitro
Authors: Hua Zhihua , Kao Teh‐hui
Published: March 2008

S‐RNase‐based self‐incompatibility has been identified in three flowering plant families, including the Solanaceae, and this self/non‐self recognition mechanism between pollen and pistil is controlled by two polymorphic genes at the S‐locus, S‐RNase and S‐locus F‐box (SLF). S‐RNase is produced in the pistil and taken up by pollen tubes in a non‐S‐haplotype‐specific manner. How an allelic product of SLF interacts with self and non‐self S‐RNases to result in growth inhibition of self pollen tubes is not completely understood. One model predicts that SLF targets non‐self S‐RNases for ubiquitin/26S proteasome‐mediated degradation, thereby only allowing self S‐RNase to exert cytotoxic activity inside a pollen tube. To test this model, we studied whether any of the 20 lysine residues in S3‐RNase of Petunia inflata might be targets for ubiquitination. We identified six lysines near the C‐terminus for which mutation to arginine significantly reduced ubiquitination and degradation of the mutant S3‐RNase, GST:S3‐RNase (K141–164R) in pollen tube extracts. We further showed that GST:S3‐RNase (K141–164R) and GST:S3‐RNase had similar RNase activity, suggesting that their degradation was probably not caused by an ER‐associated protein degradation pathway that removes mis‐folded proteins. Finally, we showed that PiSBP1 (P. inflata S‐RNase binding protein 1), a potential RING‐HC subunit of the PiSLF (P. inflata SLF)‐containing E3‐like complex, could target S‐RNase for ubiquitination in vitro. All these results suggest that ubiquitin/26S proteasome‐dependent degradation of S‐RNase may be an integral part of the S‐RNase‐based self‐incompatibility mechanism.
Epidermal Dysplasia And Malassezia pachydermatis Infection In West Highland White Terriers
Authors: Scott Danny W. , Miller William H.
Published: March 2008

Abstract— A chronic, severely pruritic, seborrhoeic skin disorder of West Highland White terriers is reported. The dermatosis has no apparent sex predilection, often begins in animals less than one year of age and is probably genetically programmed. This syndrome is characteristically refractory to standard therapeutic regimens.

Histologically the dermatosis is characterized by variable degrees of hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis with a keratinization defect, epidermal dysplasia and the presence of budding yeast in surface and follicular keratin. Malassezia pachydermatis is isolated in pure culture from the skin lesions.

Because of the unique histological findings in this syndrome, we propose that the disorder be called “epidermal dysplasia and Malassezia pachydermatis infection in the West Highland White terrier”.

Résumé— Une affection cutanée chronique, sévèrement, prurigineuse, séborrhéique, est décrite chez des West Highland White terriers. La dermatose, sans prédisposition apparente de sexe, débute souvent sur des animaux agés de moins d'un an et reconnait probablement une origine héréditaire. La caractéristique de ce syndrome est d'étre résistant aux thérapeutiques habituelles.

A l'histologie, la dermatose est caractérisée par des degrés variables de dermatite hyperplasique superficielle périvasculaire avec un défaut de kératinisation une dysplasie épidermique et la présence de levures bourgeonnantes dans la kératine superficielle et folliculaire. Malassezia pachydermatis est isolée en culture pure à partir des lésions cutanées.

En raison de l'aspect histologique univoque dans ce syndrome, nous proposons que cette affection soit appelée: “Dysplasie épidermique et infection àMalassezia pachydermatis du West Highland White terrier”.

Zusammenfassung— Eine chronische, hochgradig pruriginÖse, seborrhoische Hauterkrankung des Westhighland‐White‐Terriers wird beschrieben. Die Dermatose zeigt keine deutliche Geschlechtsdisposition, beginnt oft im Alter unter einem Jahr und ist wahrscheinlich genetisch bedingt. Dieses Syndrom spricht auf die üblichen therapeatischen Maßnahmen nicht an (Diagnostik durch Biopsie).

Histologisch ist diese Dermatose gekennzeichnet durch unterschiedliche Grade einer hyperplastischen, superfiziellen, perivaskulären Dermatitis mit Keratinisierungsdefekt, durch epidermale Dysplasie und die Anwesenheit von Sproßpilzen (Hefen) im oberflächlichen und follikulären Keratin.

Aus den Hautveränderungen wird Malassezia pachydermatis in Reinkultur isoliert.

Wegen der einzigartigen histologischen Befunde bei diesem Syndrom schlagen wir vor, diese Erkrankung “Epidermale Dysplasie und Malassezia pachydermatis—Infektion beim Westhighland‐White‐Terrier” zu nennen.
Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation In The Treatment Of Canine Atopy: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lloyd David H. , Thomsett Lovell R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract— In an open, uncontrolled study, 10 dogs with atopy were given evening primrose oil (EPO) (5ml/10kg/day) over a period of 9 weeks. During the first three weeks pruritus, scaling and oedema worsened but erythema and coat condition tended to improve. Subsequently all these parameters tended to improve. The effect on oedema was significant (p < 0.05). Eight of these dogs and two others were then given a 4:1 mixture of EPO and marine fish oil for 9 weeks. Although further reductions in scale and improvements in coat condition were marked in some animals, no significant changes occurred. Alterations in the plasma phospholipid essential fatty acid levels reflected the compositions of the two supplements. These findings suggest that EPO can ameliorate of atopy in dogs. This mirrors observations obtained in studies of human atopic eczema.

Résumé— Dans une étude ouverte, sans lot témoin, 10 chiens souffrant d'atopie ont reçu de l'huile d'onagre (5 ml/10 kg/jour) pendant une période de 9 semaines. Pendant les 3 premières semaines, le prurit, le squamosis et l'oedème se sont aggravés mais, l'érythème et l'aspect du poil tendaient à s'améliorer. Enfin tous ces parametres tendaient à s'améliorer. L'effet sur l'érythème a été significatif (p < 0.05). Huit de ces chiens et deux autres ont alors reçu un mélange (4:1) d'huile d'onagre et d'huile de poisson de mer pendant 9 semaines.

Bien qu'ultérieurement la diminution du squamosis et l'amélioration de l'état de la fourrure aient été manifestes chez certains animaux, il n'y eut pas de changement significatif. Les modifications des taux d'acides gras essentiels des phospholipides plasmatiques ont reflété la composition des deux supplémentations. Ces observations suggèrent que l'huile d'onagre peut apporter une amélioration de l'atopie canine. Cela reflète certains résultats observés lors d'études sur l'eczéma atopique de l'homme.

Zusammenfassung— In einer offenen, nicht kontrollierten Untersuchung wurde 10 Hunden mit Atopie Nachtkerzenöl (EPO) in einer Dosierung von 5 ml/10 kg/Tag über einen Zeitraum von 9 Wochen verabreicht. Während der ersten 3 Wochen verschlimmerten sich Pruritus, Schuppenbildung und Ödeme, während Erytheme und Fellzustand eher eine Tendenz zur Besserung zeigten. Danach besserten sich alle diese Parameter. Die Wirkung auf Erytheme war signifikant (p < 0.05). Acht dieser Hunde und zwei andere erhielten 9 Wochen lang Nachtkerzenöl und Seefischöl in einer Mischung von 4:1 im Anschlufl an diese Untersuchung.

Obwohl eine weitere Verminderung der Schuppenbildung und eine Vorbesserung der Fellqualität bei einigen Tieren festgestellt wurden, waren diese Veränderungen nicht signifikant.

Die Veränderungen der essentiellen phospholipiden Fettsäuren im Plasma spiegeln die Zusammensetzung der beiden verabreichten Öle wieder. Diese Befunde weisen darauf hin, daß die Atopie des Hundes durch EPO gebessert werden kann. Dies entspricht auch Beobachtungen bei Untersuchungen des atopischen Exzems des Menschen.
Interaction of Staphylococcus hyicus and an inhibitor producing strain of Staphylococcus chromogenes on the skin of gnotobiotic piglets
Authors: ALLAKER ROBERT P. , LLOYD DAVID H. , LAMPORT ANNE I.
Published: March 2008

Abstract— The effects of an inhibitor‐producing strain of Staphylococcus chromogenes on the colonisation and disease produced by virulent and avirulent strains of Staphylococcus hyicus were examined. In the presence of S. chromogenes the colonisation of the virulent strain was reduced one thousand fold and the onset of lesions was delayed by 7 days. The ability of the avirulent strain of S. hyicus to colonise skin was greatly reduced and populations became almost undetectable within 6 days of inoculation.

Résumeé— Les effets d'une souche de Staphylococcus chromogenes, productrice d'un facteur d'inhibition, ont été examinés sur la colonisation et la maladie produites par des souches non virulentes et virulentes de Staphylococcus hyicus. En présence de S. chromogenes, la colonisation de la souche virulente a été réduite de 1000 fois, et l'apparition des lésions a été retardée de 7 jours. La faculté pour la souche non virulente de S. hyicus de coloniser la peau a été considérablement réduite et les populations sont devenues à peu près introuvables 6 jours après l'inoculation.

Zusammenfassung— Die Wirkungen Inhibitor‐produzierenden Art von Staphylococcus chromogenes auf die Kolonisierung und Erkrankung der Haut durch virulente und avirulente Arten von Staphylococcus hyicus wurden untersucht. In Gegenwart von S. chromogenes wurde die Kolonisierung der virulenten Art um den Faktor 1000 verringert und des Auftreten der Hautveränderungen um 7 Tage verzögert. Die Fähigkeit zur Kolonisierung der Haut durch die avirulente 5. hyicus‐Art wurde sehr stark verringert, ihre Population konnte innerhalb von 6 Tagen nach Inokulation nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden.

Resumen  Se estudian los efectos de una cepa de Staphylococcus chromogenes productora de un inhibidor sobre la colonización y la enfermedad producida por cepas virulentas y avirulentas de Staphylococcus hyicus. En presencia de S. chromogenes la colonización de cepas virulentas se redujo a una milésima parte y la aparición de lesiones se retrasó 7 días. La capacidad de cepas avirulentas de S. hyicus para colonizar la piel se vió fuertemente reducida y las poblaciones bacterianas eran prácticamente no detectables a los 6 días de la inoculación.
Colour Dilution Alopecia in Doberman Pinschers with Blue or Fawn Coat Colours: A Study on the Incidence and Histopathology of this Disorder
Authors: MILLER WILLIAM H.
Published: March 2008

Abstract— A population of 57 blue or fawn Doberman Pinschers was studied to determine the incidence of colour dilution alopecia in this breed. Forty two dogs had hair loss, typical of colour dilution alopecia. The diagnosis was confirmed in 11 dogs by skin biopsy and in 6 dogs by light microscopic examination of plucked hairs. Key diagnostic features included large macromelanosomes in the hair shafts, free clumps of melanin in the lumens of hair follicles, and numerous perifollicular melanophages. An hypothesis on the pathogenesis of colour dilution alopecia is proposed.

Résumé— Une population de 57 Pinschers à robe bleue ou feu a étéétudiée pour déterminer la fréquence de l'alopécie par dilution de couleur dans cette race. 42 chiens ont présenté une perte de poils caractéristique de l'alopécie par dilution de couleur. Le diagnostic a été confirmé chez 11 chiens par biopsie cutanée et chez 6 chiens par l'examen au microscope optique des poils épilés. Les caractéristiques diagnostiques comprennent la présence de grands macromélanosomes dans les racines des poils, de manchons libres de mélanine dans la lumière des follicules pileux et de nombreux mélanophages périfolliculaires. Une hyhpothèse sur la pathogénie de l'alopécie par dilution de couleur est proposée.

Zusammenfassung— Untersucht wurden 57 blaue und rehfarbene Dobermänner, um das Vorkommen der Farbmutanten‐Alopezie bei dieser Rasse feststellen zu können. 42 dieser Hunde zeigten den für diese Erkrankung typischen Haarausfall. Bei 11 Patienten wurde die Diagnose durch Hautbiopsie und bei 6 durch lichtmikroskopische Untersuchung von ausgezupften Haaren gesichert. Die charakteristichen Bilder waren Makromelanosome in den Haarschäften, freies zusammengeballtes Melanin im Lumen der Haarfollikel und zahlreiche perifollikuläre Melanophagen. Eine Hypothese für die Pathogenese dieser Erkrankung wird aufgestellt.

Resumen  Se estudió una población de 57 perros de raza Doberman y color gris o azul para determinar la incidencia de la alopecia por dilución de color en esta raza. 42 perros presentaban pérdidas de pelo típicas de la alopecia por dilución de color. En 11 perros el diagnóstico se confirmó mediante biopsia y en 6 mediante examen microscópico del pelo. Las características diagnósticas de este proceso consistían en la presencia de macromelanosomas en las vainas de los pelos, y en la presencia de acúmulos de melanina libre en el interior de los folículos pilosos y de melanófagos perifoliculares. Se propone una hipótesis sobre la patogenia de esta enfermedad.
Papular and Plaque‐like Mucinosis in a Puppy
Authors: BEALE KARIN MUTH , CALDERWOOD‐MAYS MARON B. , BUCHANAN BETH
Published: March 2008

Abstract—A case of a papular and plaque‐like superficial dermal mucinosis with pruritus in a mixed‐breed puppy is reported. The mucinosis and pruritus were non‐responsive to glucocorticoid or antibiotic therapy and the dog was eventually euthanised at the owner's request. This type of mucinosis has not been reported in the dog to the authors' knowledge. It shares some similarities with discrete papular mucinosis and self‐healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis in people.

Résumé—Un cas de mucinose dermique superficielle en plaque et papuleuse avec prurit chez un chiot croisé est décrit. La mucinose et le prurit ne répondirent pas à l'antibiothérapie et à la corticothérapie et le chien fut finalement euthanasiéà la demande du propiétaire. Ce type de mucinose n'a jamais été décrit chez le chien à la connaissance de l'auteur.

Zusammenfassung—Ein Fall einer papulösen und plaque‐ähnlichen oberflächlichen dermalen Muzinose mit Pruritus bei einem Mischlingswelpen wird beschrieban. Muzinose und Pruritus sprachen nicht auf die Behandlung mit Glucocorticoiden oder Antibiotika an, und der Hund wurde schließlích auf Wunsch des Besitzers euthanisiert. Diese Art der Muzinose wurde nach den Informationen des Autors beim Hund bislang nicht beschrieben.

Resumen Se describe un caso de mucinosis dérmica superficial pruriginosa de tipo papular y con formación de pseudo placas en un cachorro mestizo. La mucinosis y el prurito no respondieron a la terapia con glucocorticoides ni a la terapia con antibiótico y el perro se eutanasió finalmente a petición de los propietarios. Este tipo de mucinosis no se había descrito previamente en el perro.
Experimental Infection of Dogs with Sarcoptes scabiei Derived from Naturally Infected Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes): Clinical Observations
Authors: BORNSTEIN SET
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Sarcoptes scabiei, derived from wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) gave rise to self‐limiting sarcoptic mange (pseudoscabies) in 12 experimentally infected beagle dogs. The experimentally induced Sarcoptes scabiei infections caused skin lesions typical of sarcoptic mange in dogs on recognized predilection sites. The incubation periods varied from 6 to 13 days depending on the mode of infection. When six dogs were re‐infected two months after complete clinical recovery from a primary infection, the incubation period was three days.

Résumé— Des sarcoptes, Sarcoptes scabiei, provenant de renards roux sauvages (Vulpes vulpes) ont provoqué une gale sarcoptique limitée (pseudogale) chez 12 Beagles infectés expérimentallement. Les infections par Sarcoptes scabiei ont entrainé l'apparition de lésions typiques de la gale sarcoptique sur les zones de prédilection habituelles. La période d'incubation était de 6 à 123 Jours selon le mode d'infection. Cette période n'était plus que de trois Jours chez 6 chiens reinfectés 2 mois après la guérison complète de la première infection.

Zusamenfassung—Sarcoptes scabiei, isoliert aus wilden Rotfüchsen (Vulpes vulpes), verursachte bei 12 experimentell infizierten Beagle‐Hunden eine sich selbst begrenzende Sarkoptesräude (Pseeudoskabies). Die experimentell herbeigeführten Sarcoptes scabiei‐Infektionen führten zu für Sarkoptesräude des Hundes typischen Hautläsionen an den bekannten Prädilektionsstellen. Die Inkubationszeit vanierte, abhängig vom Infektionsmodus, zwischen 6 und 13 Tagen. Als sechs Hunde zwei Monate nach vollständiger klinischer Abheilung der Primärinfektion reinfiziert wurden, betrug die Inkubationszeit 3 Tage.

Resumen  En 12 perros beagle infectados experimentalmente con el ácaro Sarcoptes scabiei (pseudoscabies), procedente de zorros rojos salvajes (Vulpes vulpes), dió lugar a una sarna sarcóptica de carácter autolimitante. La infección inducida de Sarcoptes scabiei, provocó lesiones típicas de sarna sarcóptica, en las zonas de predileccion reconocidas como tales. Dependiendo de la forma de infección, el periodo de incubación osciló entre 6 y 13 días. Se observó que en seis perros, dos meses después de una recuperación clínica completa, el periodo de incubación fué de dos días.
Acquired Aurotrichia (“Gilding Syndrome”) of Miniature Schnauzers
Authors: WHITE STEPHEN D. , ROSYCHUK ROD A. W. , SCOTT KATHY V. , SCHULTHEISS PATRICIA , VROOM MARGREET
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Eighteen miniature schnauzers which developed a hair coat color change from normal to a golden color are reported. Average age of onset was 2.5 years, with no discernable sex predilection. The discoloration was not associated with endocrine dysfunction or other health problems. Eight of the dogs shared common ancestors. Fifty‐five per cent of the dogs regrew their grey hair coats within two years.

Résumé— Dix huit Schnauzer nains ayant présente une modification de la couleur de la robe de normal à fauve sont dérits. L'âge moyen d'apparition était de deux ans et demi, sans prédisposition sexuelle. La discoloration n'était pas associée à une dysendocrinie ni tout autre maladie. Huit de ces chiens avaient des ancètres communs. Cinquante cinq pourcent des animaux ont retrouvé un pelage gfis normal au bout de deux ans.

Zusammenfassung— Es wird über achtzehn Zwergschnauzer berichtet, deren Fellfarbe sich in einen goldenen Farbton veränderte. Das durchschnittliche Alter bei Beginn der Veränderung waren 2,5 Jahre, eine Geschlechtsprädisposition lag nicht vor. Die Farbveränderung stand nicht im Zusammenhang mit endokrinen Funktionsstörungen oder anderen Gesundheitsproblemen. Acht der Hunde wiesen gemeinsame Vorfahren auf. Bei fünfundfünfzig Prozent der Hunde wuchsen innerhalb von zwei Jahren die grauen Haare nach.

Resumen  En el présente artículo se estudian diecioncho schnauzers miniatura, los cuales desarrollaron un color dorado del pelo de la capa. La media de edad de aparcición fue de 2.5 años, sin evidente predilección por el sexo. La decoloració no se asoció con malfunción endocrina u otros problemas de salud. Ocho de los perros tenían progenitores en común. Cincuenta y cinco por ciento prensentó crecimiento de pelo gris característico de su capa en un periodo de 2 años.
Efficacy of Daily Ivermectin Treatment in a Dog with Amitraz‐Resistant, Generalized Demodicosis
Authors: PARADIS MANON , LAPERRIERE ELISE
Published: March 2008

Abstract—A six‐year‐old intact male English setter dog with chronic, juvenile‐onset, generalized demodicosis, resistant to amitraz, was treated with ivermectin given orally 600 mcg/kg once daily, for more than 7 months. The dog was clinically normal after 4 months and skin scrapings were negative forDemodex canismites after 7 months of treatment.

Résumé—Un chien male de six ans de race Setter Anglais souffrant d'une démodécie généralisée chronique depuis l'âge de trois mois et résistante à l'Amitraz, fut trait à l'aide d'ivermectine par voie orale, à la dose quotidienne de 600 mcg/kg pendant plus de sept mois. Un rémission des signes cliniques fut obtenue après 4 mois et les raclages cutanés se sont révélés négatifs pourDemodex canisaprès 7 mois de thérapie.

Zusammenfassung—Ein 6 Jahre alter, nicht kastrierter Englisch‐Setterrüde wurde mehr als 7 Monate mit Ivermectin per os, 600 mcg/kg einmal täglich, behandelt, da er unter einer chronischen, in jugendlichem Alter ausgebrochenen generalisierten Demodikose litt, die auf Amitraz nicht ansprach. Das Tier war nach 4 Monaten klinísch gesund, 7 Monate nach der Behandlung fielen Hautgeschabsel aufDemodex‐canis‐Milben negativ ans. Schlüsselwörter: Hund; Haut; Demodilose; Ivermectin.

Resumen Un perro mecho enteros de seis años de la raza setter inglés presentando una demodicosis generalizada crónica de aparición juvenil, y que presentaba resistencia al almitraz, fue tratada con avermectina administrada oralmente a una dosis de 600 mcg/kg, una vez al día, y por un periodo de más de 7 meses. Después de 4 meses, la aparición clinica del perro era normal y los raspados cutaneos no demonstraron la presencia deDemodex canisdespues de 7 meses de tratamiento.
Multicentric Squamous Cell Carcinomas In Situ Resembling Bowen's Disease in Five Cats
Authors: MILLER WILLIAM H. , AFFOLTER VERENA , SCOTT DANNY W. , SUTER MAJA M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Multiple squamous cell carcinomas in situ were diagnosed in five aged cats. Despite clinical courses ranging from 18 to 30 months, there was no clinical or histologic evidence of breachment of the basement membrane. The condition closely resembles Bowen's disease in humans.

Résumé— Des épithéliomas spinocellulaires multiples in situ ont été diagnostiqués chez 5 chats. Maigré une anclenneté clinique de 18 à 30 mois, il n'y avait pas de signes cliniques ou histologiques d'atteinte de la membrane basale. Cette affection resemble á la maladie de Bowen chez l'homme.

Zusammenfassung— Bei fünf alten Katzen wurden multiple plattenepithelkarzinome in situ diagnostiziert. Trotz der klinischen Krankheitverläufe von 18 bis 30 Monaten konnte weder klinisch noch histologisch ein Durchbrechen der Basalmembran nachgewiesen werden. Dieses Bild ähnelt sehr dem Bowens Krankheit des Menschen.

Resumen  En cinco gatos se diagnosticaron carcinomas multiples de células escamosas in situ. A pesar del curso clínico de 18–30 meses no se observó evidencia clinica, o histológica de infiltración a traves de la membrana basal. La condición es muy semejante a la enfermedad de Bowen en medicina humana.