bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Dichotomy of Literal and Metaphorical Language in the Context of Contemporary Physics
Authors: Bradonjić Kaća
Published: November 2024

Working in the framework of object-oriented ontology, Graham Harman claims that science strictly adheres to literal language as opposed to metaphorical language. In this article, I argue that such a distinction between literal and metaphorical language cannot be made cleanly in the context of contemporary physics. First, I identify aspects of scientific practice that point to non-literalism, which include non-linguistic elements of scientific discourse, the problem of interpretation of mathematical formulations of some theories, and the acceptance of incompatible theories that describe the same object. Second, I outline an argument that at least some theories in physics constitute complex metaphors based on Harman’s own definition.
Identifying key biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for post-COVID-19 depression through integrated omics and bioinformatics approaches
Authors: Zhou Yi , Yang Chunhua , Zhou Jing , Zhang Qiyao , Sui Xingling , Dong Hongyu , Zhang Haidong , Wang Yue
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Depression, the leading cause of disability worldwide, is known to be exacerbated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, worsening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, the mechanisms and treatments for this comorbidity are not well understood.

Methods

This study utilized Gene Expression Omnibus datasets for COVID-19 and depression, combined with protein–protein interaction networks, to identify key genes. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to understand gene functions. The CIBERSORT algorithm and NetworkAnalyst were used to examine the relationship of immune cell infiltration with gene expression and to predict transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) interactions. The Connectivity Map database was used to predict drug interactions with these genes.

Results

TRUB1, PLEKHA7, and FABP6 were identified as key genes enriched in pathways related to immune cell function and signaling. Seven TFs and nineteen miRNAs were found to interact with these genes. Nineteen drugs, including atorvastatin and paroxetine, were predicted to be significantly associated with these genes and potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19 and depression.

Conclusions

This research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of post-COVID-19 depression and suggests potential therapeutic strategies, marking a step forward in understanding and treating this complex comorbidity.
Sustentabilidade, tecnologias sociais e economia solidária: O papel das ITCPs no Brasil e a trajetória do Núcleo TECSOL-UFPel
Authors: Cruz Antônio , Simões Débora , Mendonça Henrique , Ricardo Kreutz José , Waldemarin Renato , Souza da Silva Koglin Terena
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo representa uma contribuição ao debate sobre o objetivo e o escopo da extensão universitária no Brasil frente aos desafios da dupla crise de nosso tempo histórico: da crise estrutural da economia capitalista e da crise ambiental e climática. Ao discutir a crise a partir do conceito de sustentabilidade, o artigo aborda a aproximação teórica entre as noções de economia ecológica e de economia solidária, bem como dos fenômenos que lhes servem como objeto, como alternativas sustentáveis ao modelo atual de desenvolvimento. Os papéis que a pesquisa, a inovação e a extensão universitárias cumprem e que poderiam cumprir neste contexto são discutidos de forma crítica e propositiva, posicionando as definições ético-políticas como balizadoras das opções científico-tecnológicas neste processo. Por fim, como experiências concretas relacionadas a essas formulações, o artigo apresenta a trajetória histórica da Rede Universitária de Incubadoras Tecnológicas de Cooperativas Populares, do Brasil, bem como de seu associado, o Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Tecnologias Sociais e Economia Solidária da UFPel.
The External Globus Pallidus as the Hub of the Auditory Cortico-Basal Ganglia Loop
Authors: Tomioka Ryohei , Shigematsu Naoki , Miyashita Toshio , Takahashi Yukie , Yamamoto Mariko , Yoshimura Yumiko , Kobayashi Kenta , Yanagawa Yuchio , Tamamaki Nobuaki , Fukuda Takaichi , Song Wen-Jie
Published: November 2024

The cortico-basal ganglia loop has traditionally been conceptualized as consisting of three distinct information networks: motor, limbic, and associative. However, this three-loop concept is insufficient to comprehensively explain the diverse functions of the cortico-basal ganglia system, as emerging evidence suggests its involvement in sensory processing, including the auditory systems. In the present study, we demonstrate the auditory cortico-basal ganglia loop by using transgenic mice and viral-assisted labelings. The caudal part of the external globus pallidus (GPe) emerged as a major output nucleus of the auditory cortico-basal ganglia loop with the cortico-striato-pallidal projections as its input pathway and pallido-cortical and pallido–thalamo–cortical projections as its output pathway. GABAergic neurons in the caudal GPe dominantly innervated the nonlemniscal auditory pathway. They also projected to various regions, including the substantia nigra pars lateralis, cuneiform nucleus, and periaqueductal gray. Considering the functions associated with these GPe-projecting regions, auditory cortico-basal ganglia circuits may play a pivotal role in eliciting defensive behaviors against acoustic stimuli.
Estrogen Receptor Alpha–Expressing Neurons in Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and Hypothalamus Encoding Aggression and Mating
Authors: Wang Wen-Qiu , Zhao He-Xin , Shen Xiao-Lin , Zeng Li-Zhang , Geng Hong-Yan
Published: November 2024

Aggression and mating of male mice are strongly associated with Esr1-expressing neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTpr) and hypothalamus in the vomeronasal pathway. By projecting to the downstream hypothalamus, the upstream BNSTprEsr1gates mating and aggression of male mice and maternal behavior of female mice. The medial preoptic area (MPOA) and ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) are two subdivisions of the hypothalamus downstream. In addition to receiving projections from upstream BNSTpr, there is also a mutual projection between MPOA and VMHvl. In the process of transforming sex information into mating and aggression, Esr1-expressing neurons in BNSTpr, MPOA, and VMHvl act as messengers of information, finally producing inhibitory or excitatory projection. These projections are different in direction, but they all work together to control the behavior selection that is most conducive to defense and reproduction when male mice encounter female or male mice. Here, we summarized the property and the function of connections between these Esr1-expressing neurons in BNSTpr, MPOA, and VMHvl that encode mating and aggression and highlight the importance and benefits of inhibitory projection of Esr1-expressing cells in mating and aggression.
Tau Accumulation Induces Microglial State Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice
Authors: Nagata Kenichi , Hashimoto Shoko , Joho Daisuke , Fujioka Ryo , Matsuba Yukio , Sekiguchi Misaki , Mihira Naomi , Motooka Daisuke , Liu Yu-Chen , Okuzaki Daisuke , Kikuchi Masataka , Murayama Shigeo , Saido Takaomi C. , Kiyama Hiroshi , Sasaguri Hiroki
Published: November 2024

Unique microglial states have been identified in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice and postmortem AD brains. Although it has been well documented that amyloid-β accumulation induces the alteration of microglial states, the relationship between tau pathology and microglial states remains incompletely understood because of a lack of suitable AD models. In the present study, we generated a novel AD model mouse by the intracerebral administration of tau purified from human brains with primary age-related tauopathy intoAppknock-in mice with humanized tau. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Dectin-1-positive disease-associated microglia were increased in the AD model mice after tau accumulation in the brain. We then performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on the AD model mice to evaluate the differences in microglial states with and without tau propagation and accumulation. By taking advantage of spatial transcriptomics and existing single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, we showed for the first time that tau propagation and accumulation induce a disease-associated microglial phenotype at the expense of an age-related nonhomeostatic counterpart (namely, white matter-associated microglia) in an AD model mouse brain. Future work using spatial transcriptomics at single-cell resolution will pave the way for a more appropriate interpretation of microglial alterations in response to tau pathology in the AD brain.
Kineziološke aktivnosti u predškolskim ustanovama
Authors: Vidaković Samaržija Donata
Published: November 2024

Systematic implementation of kinesiological activities in preschool institutions is extremely important because it contributes to the overall development of the child. Unfortunately, due to inadequate infrastructure, kinesiological activities often fall short of what is necessary, and educators lose motivation to carry them out. The aim of this work is to examine the current state of the appropriate infrastructure necessary for the implementation of kinesiological activities in early and preschool education institutions, and to examine the differences in the attitudes and motivation of educators to implement kinesiological activities in relation to the available working conditions.Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 196 educators employed in preschool institutions in 16 counties of the Republic of Croatia. An anonymous questionnaire was used to examine socio-demographic characteristics, current material working conditions for the implementation of kinesiological programs in preschool institutions, as well as the motivation and attitudes of educators regarding the importance of implementing kinesiological activities in preschool institutions.Results: Of the measured sample of respondents, only 33.16% have an indoor sports facility at their disposal, and 54.08% of the respondents have an outdoor field that they use for the implementation of kinesiological activities. Educators’ views on the importance of implementing kinesiological activities in preschool institutions are positive, and there are no statistically significant differences, regardless of the existence or non-existence of appropriate infrastructure. A high proportion of respondents consider themselves competent (79.07%) and motivated (81.62%) for regular implementation of organized kinesiological activities, but there are differences in the self-assessment of competence and motivation with regard to the appropriate infrastructure. Educators who have an indoor sports facility at their disposal consider themselvessignificantly more competent to implement kinesiological activities with children (I consider myself competent enough to implement organized kinesiological activities with children; Z=-3.09: p=0.00) and significantly more motivated (I am motivated to regularly conduct organized kinesiological activities with children; Z= -2.09; p<0.04). Educators who have an outdoor area at their disposal have significantly more positive answers in the statements I like to create new kinesiological content for working with children (Z=2.57; p<0.01) and I try to regularly implement diverse kinesiological content with children (Z=2, 30; p<0.02).Conclusion: The results of the research pointed to the problem of insufficient infrastructure in the implementation of kinesiological activities in preschool institutions. Despite their high competence and level of motivation for implementing kinesiological content with children, educators most frequently point to inadequate working conditions as the primary reason for irregular implementation of kinesiological activities.
Quality of Physical Environment in Preschools in Informal Settlements in Nairobi City County in Kenya
Authors: Begi Nyakwara , Mwoma Teresa , Murungi Catherine
Published: November 2024

The quality of the physical environment in a school for young children enhances their development and education. This is because it makes them feel safe, comfortable, increases their concentration, reduces absenteeism and leads to better child health. The Kenya Basic Education Act of 2013 and Early Childhood Development Service Standard guidelines of 2006 state that there should be appropriate facilities in educational institutions for young children. The policy documents further provide that facilities in early childhood programmes should meet standards such as adequacy, durability, safety and userfriendliness in order to enhance children’s development and education. Despite the policies being in place, the provisions are yet to be fully implemented in preschools in informal settlements. This paper presents results from a study conducted in preschools in informal settlements in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The preschools offer alternative care and education for children who cannot access public preschools, complementing the effort of the county government in providing early childhood education. The study aimed to explore the quality of physical environment in preschools in the informal settlements and pinpoint implications on children’s development and education. It was a qualitative study conducted across 54 preschools. Managers of the preschools were interviewed, and observation of physical facilities in the schools were carried out. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyse data, and the results indicated that the quality of physical environment in most of the preschools was not conducive for children’s development and education due to inadequate space and facilities. It is recommended that stakeholders collaborate with management of the preschools to improve the quality of physical environment in order to enhance children’s development and education.
3D-Printed biocomposites from hemp fibers reinforced polylactic acid: Thermal, morphology, and mechanical performance
Authors: Celik Esra , Uysal Mesut , Gumus Omer Yunus , Tasdemir Cagatay
Published: November 2024

Thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties were studied for 3D-printed biocomposites prepared from polylactic acid (PLA) and hemp fibers. For this purpose, the neat PLA, PLA/Hemp fiber (3 wt%), PLA/Hemp fiber/Maleic anhydride (3 wt% and 0.6 wt%), and PLA/Hemp fiber/Maleic anhydride/Glycerol (3 wt% and 0.6 wt% + Glycerol added in 10% of PLA) biocomposites were extruded to obtain filaments for fused filament fabrication (FFF). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provided temperatures corresponding to 5%, 10%, and 90% mass losses for materials before and after 3D printing. During 3D printing, filaments were extruded with a nozzle temperature of 220 ºC; consequently, their thermal properties worsened after 3D printing. In thermal analysis, Tg increased by adding hemp fiber and maleic anhydride but was decreased with glycerol addition. The tensile and flexural strengths of neat PLA and biocomposites were not statically different, but flexural strength was slightly increased by adding ingredients one by one. Regarding modulus of elasticity (MOE) of materials, the sample group of the PLA/hemp fiber/maleic anhydride had the highest value. However, glycerol addition decreased MOE by 17%. These results showed that material performance of the PLA could be improved or remain statistically identical by adding hemp fiber, maleic anhydride, and glycerol.
The Tongkungon: A traditional KadazanDusun plucked musical instrument from Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Hamdan Sinin , Mohamad Said Khairul Anwar , Kipli Kuryati , Duin Ezra A. M. , Sinin Aaliyawani E.
Published: November 2024

This study highlights the sound analyses in a studio settings for a KadazanDusun bamboo musical instrument from Sabah Malaysia called the tongkungon. The tongkungon is a type of chordophone built from betung bamboo trees, which are found growing close to rivers and also known as ‘poring’ in Sabah, Malayisa. It is also a plucked idiochordal bamboo tube zither. To adjust the pitches of the strings, the wedges can be shifted to shorten or lengthen them.The tongkungon sound radiator is made up of six strings with unique and innovative sound reproduction capabilities. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis was used to evaluate the frequency spectrum via a PicoScope oscilloscope. Adobe Audition was used to produce the time frequency analysis (TFA) spectrograms. The results showed the notes of the tongkungon strings 1, 2, 3 ,4, 5, and 6 to be C, E, B, A, F, and A, respectively. The tongkungon was tuned in the pentatonic scale F, A, B, C, and E. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th strings were C4(261.63Hz), E4(329.63Hz), B3(246.94Hz), A3(220.00Hz), F3(174.61Hz), and A3(220.00Hz), respectively, i.e., with both 4th and 6th strings in A3. The frequency spectrum showed distinct fundamental and overtones frequencies. The first octave behaved as a multiple integer of the fundamental frequency for all strings. The number of partials in each string was inconsistent due to non-uniform thickness of the raised fibres from the bamboo tube.
Honey and propolis for management of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: MM Abdul Hafeez , SM Hamouda
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) hyperglycemia may lead to hyperplasia and micro vascular dysfunction and delays wound healing process by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanied by low levels of inflammatory cytokines and an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Consequently, prolonged healing process with the worst complication diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) as when it fails to heal fating limb amputation. Apitherapeutic (honey and propolis) wound dressing achieved successful accelerated healing with infection control by the action of their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present review dealt with their activity with DFUs as study of: in vitro antimicrobial activity against DFUs isolated pathogens, in vitro their activity towards immune cellular wound healing elements and in vivo their application for induced DFUs animal models as well as their topical application for DFUs patients either natural or nanoformulated scaffold dressings. Available literatures proved the synergistic wound healing activity of different mixed apitherapeutic products together and recommended to be used in mixed formula either naturally or nanoformulation.
Sustainable development and biodiversity: a brief history and main milestones
Authors: Soto Idana Beroska Rincon
Published: November 2024

The relationship between human societies, ecosystems, and sustainable agriculture has evolved significantly over recent decades. This chapter examines the shift from viewing nature solely as a resource for economic growth to recognizing it as the foundation for sustainable development. Starting with the rapid population growth from the 1950s to today, it highlights the increased demand for essential resources and the environmental challenges posed by this pressure. Using Mexico's New Vision for agriculture as a case study, it discusses strategies that incorporate biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and sustainability in agricultural policies. This approach acknowledges the socioeconomic importance of agricultural lands and integrates often-overlooked stakeholders, such as small producers, women, and youth, to promote equitable development. The chapter explores the importance of ecosystem services, governance models, and policy interventions that consider spatial and temporal dynamics, externalities, trade-offs, and synergies. The goal is to encourage sustainable agricultural practices that balance human needs with ecosystem health, ensuring long-term well-being for both people and the environment.
Vocal cords polyps presenting with dyspnea and requiring tracheostomy
Authors: Moujrid Sara , El Mourabit Fadoua , louadghiri Walid Bijou Meriem , Oukessou Youssef , Rouadi Sami , Abada Reda , Roubal Mohamed , Mahtar Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Vocal fold polyps are benign lesions typically found unilaterally and are the second most common laryngeal lesion, following vocal nodules. No significant differences in age or gender distribution have been observed for these lesions. These polyps can be categorized based on morphology as either sessile or pedunculated, and histologically as gelatinous or translucent, fibrous or organized, and angiomatous or hemorrhagic. The etiology of vocal polyps is primarily phono traumatic. Nonetheless, additional irritative factors such as gastroesophageal reflux, smoking, inhalation of noxious chemicals, or strenuous respiratory activities can also contribute to their development.
The childhood hepatoblastoma - case report
Authors: Nkechinyere Godsgift Obichukwu , Jacinta Chinyere Elo-Iloh
Published: November 2024

Hepatoblastoma (Hb) is a rare Pediatrics cancer. The incidence is low and diagnosis very difficult, especially in low income countries where the diagnostic tools may not be readily available and accessible. Here we reported a 30 months (3years and 6months) old male child that was referred with symptoms of 3 month history of recurrent cough, fever, abdominal mass with distention. Child was treated for 8 weeks with anti-tuberculosis therapy with no clinical improvement, hence referred for an expert care. Child was assessed on presentation in our center and immediate work-up investigation results were in keeping with childhood Hb. Immediate definitive medical treatment was commenced to which child responded promptly with resolution of the symptoms and steady decrease in Alfa Fetoprotein level (AFP). Child was discharged and currently on follow-up visit.
Space sustainability: Current regulatory challenges
Authors: Bartóki-Gönczy Balázs , Ganczer Mónika , Sulyok Gábor
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, outer space is becoming increasingly congested, contested and competitive. Humanity's growing dependence on outer space and experiences with the new space race have necessarily turned the attention of the international community to the safety, security and sustainability of space activities. This paper focuses on space sustainability and seeks to highlight some of its most important regulatory challenges. These challenges include the establishment of an appropriate space traffic management system, the mitigation of space debris, and the utilization of space resources. Following the overview of related problems, the paper examines the urgency and the modalities of appropriate legal regulation.
Evaluation of secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases at the outpatient healthcare level in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries
Authors: Mamedov M. N. , Kutsenko V. A. , Seisembekov T. Z. , Mekhdiev S. Kh. , Yakubova L. V. , Kezhun L. V. , Murkamilov I. T. , Kauzbay Zh. A. , Zholdin B. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To conduct a survey among doctors in 4 countries of the Com­mon­wealth of Independent States (CIS) to assess the effectiveness of se­condary prevention of noncommunicable diseases in outpatient health­care.

Material and methods. Outpatient healthcare physicians from 6 cities in 4 neighboring countries participated in the cross-sectional study. A total of 210 physicians of the internal medicine profile took part in the survey: Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) — 42 physicians, Minsk (Belarus) — 37 physicians, Astana, Shymkent, Aktobe (Kazakhstan) — 55, 30, 10 physicians, respectively, Baku (Azerbaijan) — 36 physicians. The survey was carried out using an original questionnaire of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, which consisted of 11 blocks of questions. Answers in several gradations were offered for each question.

Results. In 3 countries, among men who sought primary care in health care institutions, patients in the age range of 50-59 years prevailed, while in Azerbaijan, men aged 60-65 years dominated. In the CIS countries, patients most often seek medical attention at a outpatient clinic due to chronic coronary artery disease. In Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Belarus, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes with or without complications is >20%. Doctors in large cities of the CIS countries do not recommend non-drug treatment methods in up to 10% of cases. Subsidized pharmaceutical provision varies slightly between the analyzed cities. In Kazakhstan and Belarus, 70% of doctors note reaching 75% of the target indicators. In Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan, a similar level is achieved 2-3 times less often. In Kazakhstan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan, a relatively high frequency is noted (satisfaction in 75% of cases), while Azerbaijani doctors claim that 52% are dissatisfied and 44% are partially satisfied with the interaction with specialized hospital-based doctors. In Azerbaijan and Belarus, 75% staffing of outpatient doctors in medical and preventive institutions prevails. In Kyrgyzstan, 100% staffing is detected in 84% of cases. At the same time, in Kazakhstan, 50% and 75% staffing has a comparable frequency. In these countries, a similar picture is observed in terms of provision of mid-level outpatient health workers.

Conclusion. Among patients with noncommunicable diseases ob­served in outpatient clinics, patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes predominate. Adherence to therapy in every second case is at an insufficient level. Coverage of subsidized drugs and achievement of target levels of the main risk factors among patients is on average 60% of cases. In 3 of the 4 analyzed CIS countries, there are problems with staffing with doctors and medical staff.
Preoperative risk factors for cardiovascular events in non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Murashko S. S. , Berns S. A. , Pasechnik I. N.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To identify preoperative factors associated with any cardiovas­cular events (AnyCVE), and to develop an AnyCVE risk index based on them.

Material and methods. This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery in 2018 and 2020. Depending on the outcomes, 2 groups of patients with AnyCVE and without AnyCVE at the hospital stage after non-cardiac surgeries were identified. A comparative analysis of >60 preoperative factors reflecting the patient's condition and elective surgical intervention was performed. An analysis of the associative relationship of preoperative indicators with the probability of AnyCVE was carried out; a prognostic model (PM) was built, based on which a simple risk index of AnyCVE was developed. We compared the quality of models based on the AnyCVE risk index (PM1) and the cardiac risk index (PM2).

Results. A comparative analysis of the preoperative indicators of pa­tients with AnyCVE (n=392) and without AnyCVE (n=2545) revealed significant differences in a number of parameters that were analyzed for associations with the probability of AnyCVE. The following factors as­sociated with AnyCVE were identified: age ≥62 years, glucose level ≥5,59 mmol/l, C-reactive protein level ≥2,08 g/l, D-dimer ≥0,640 μg/ml, some noncommunicable diseases, surgical area, type of ane­sthe­sia, on the basis of which PM1 was developed. A simple AnyCVE index was formed as follows: the prognostic significance of each factor was as­ses­sed in points; the sum ≥4 was proposed to be regarded as a high risk of AnyCVE. In AnyCVE risk stratification, the prognostic value of the develo­ped PM1 (area under the curve of 0,862 with a 95% confidence interval of 0,721-1,000, sensitivity 69,2%, specificity 89,5%) exceeds PM2 based on the cardiac risk index criteria (area under the curve of 0,578 with a 95% confidence interval of 0,546-0,609, p<0,001, sensitivity 25,0%, specificity 90,4%).

Conclusion. Preoperative factors that improve AnyCVE risk stratifica­tion in non-cardiac surgery are identified. A simple AnyCVE risk index is proposed for practical use.
The way to effective prevention of cardiovascular complications: review
Authors: Khidirova L. D. , Zakoryukina S. G.
Published: November 2024

A descriptive review of modern Russian and foreign literature devoted to the polypill concept in internal medicine and cardiology practice is presented.

Methodology. The following databases were used in the search for information: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, as well as Russian databases, including eLIBRARY and CyberLeninka. The search used keywords and phrases such as "polypill", "combination the­rapy", "cardiovascular diseases", "adherence", "polycomponent drugs" and their analogues in English and Russian. Particular attention was paid to studies published over the past 15 years, with an emphasis on studies conducted over the past 5 years to reflect current trends and innovations in the use of polypills.

Results. Clinical evidence of the benefits of fixed-dose combinations al­lows the implementation of the polypill strategy in practice and to achieve maximum reduction of cardiovascular risk.

Conclusion. Novel drug combinations have already been developed and are available for use. They need to be introduced so that the therapy is most adapted for many patients and effective in achieving different therapeutic goals in internal medicine and cardiology practice.
Circulating microRNAs and collateral circulation in coronary chronic total occlusion
Authors: Kiseleva A. V. , Sotnikova E. A. , Kutsenko V. A. , Zharikova A. A. , Ershova A. I. , Meshkov A. N. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: November 2024

Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) above the coronary chronic total occlusion is an alternative blood supply to the ischemic myocardium and increases survival among patients with coronary artery disease. In this regard, identification of novel markers associated with the CCC severity has diagnostic potential for patient stratification. It has been shown that circulating microRNAs play an important role in almost all cardiovascular aspects, including the association of some microRNAs with the CCC severity. The aim of this review is to consider the main modern studies on association of circulating microRNAs and CCC severity in coronary chronic total occlusion in patients with coronary artery disease, followed by a functional analysis of the identified microRNAs.
Yeast Sample Preparation for Fluorescence Live Cell Imaging v1
Authors: Hammer Mathias , Rossouw Ammeret , Tran Brain , Esther Li Anyee , Latino Graham , not provided pieterfop.vanvelde , Lari Azra , Montpetit Ben , Grunwald David
Published: November 2024

This protocol describes the preparation of yeast cells for fluorescence singlemolecule trackinglive cell imaging. This protocol utilizes linked protocols for specifics on media preparation. Special attention is given to creating single layer yeast suspensions on the cover glass.
BSA: The Bloch Sphere Approachas a Geometrical Design Tool for Building Cost-Effective Quantum Gates v2
Authors: Al-Bayaty Ali , Perkowski Marek
Published: November 2024

The Bloch sphere is a geometrical 3D sphere that visualizes the states of a qubit after a series of quantum gates are applied to it. In quantum computing, the Bloch sphere is mainly used as a geometrical visualization (and verification) tool. On the other hand, in this protocol, we introduce the Bloch sphere as a geometrical design tool for building cost-effective quantum gates based on their rotational quantum operations in the XY, XZ, and/or YZ planes, which are the 2D circular projections of the Bloch sphere. Collectively, the Bloch sphere and its planes are termed the Bloch sphere approach (BSA). With the BSA, various generic and cost-effective quantum gates and libraries are designed for IBM quantum computers, using the symmetrical and semi-symmetrical structures [1-5], Clifford+T gates, and IBM native "basis" gates ( , , , and ). Our designed generic and cost-effective quantum gates and libraries are listed as follows, where 2 n 5 qubits. Quantum libraries: GALA-n [3, 6] and CALA-n [4, 7], which have become part of the IBM Qiskit ecosystem [8] n-bit Toffoli gate [2-4] n-bit Boolean gates (AND, NAND, OR, NOR, implication, and inhibition) [3, 4] n-bit controlled- ( ) and controlled- ( ) gates [3, 4] n-bit Fredkin gate [3, 4] n-bit Miller gate [3, 4] Boolean-Phase SWAP gate: p-SWAP [4, 5] Because the quantum operations of all IBM native gates mainly rotate around the X-axis and Z-axis of the Bloch sphere, the XY-plane of the Bloch sphere is utilized here for the BSA. However, the BSA can also be utilized to build generic and cost-effective quantum gates for other quantum computers, e.g., Intel, Google, and Rigetti, using other projectional planes of the Bloch sphere, i.e., the XZ and YZ planes, based on the supported native gates for such quantum computers. Therefore, in this protocol, we introduce the BSA as a generic and open geometrical framework for prospective quantum computing research for building interesting and innovative quantum gates and circuits.
Measurement of Auxenochlorella protothecoides(UTEX 250) Chlorophyll Fluorescence Kinetics (OJIP) and Photosynthetic Efficiency (Fv/Fm) using the Aqua Pen (AP110/C). v1
Authors: Camacho Dimitrios , S. Merchant Sabeeha
Published: November 2024

This protocol describes a method for examining the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics, “Kautsky effect,” ofAuxenochlorella protothecoides (UTEX 250) cells. Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) measurements are also acquired during the OJIP protocol. This protocol details the optimization of the super pulse intensity setting for a control sample and the application of those settings to probe experimental samples.
Development of a machine for tillage and sowing of grain crops
Authors: Eruslanova Maria A. , Nemtinov Kirill V. , Eruslanov Konstantin A. , Nemtinov Vladimir A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: When designing sowing machines, requirements are imposed to ensure soil preparation and sowing of grain crops as part of the implementation of energy-saving technology, since their productivity largely depends on these types of work. Thus, increasing the efficiency of sowing machines is an urgent task.
AIM: The development of a seeder design that allows, with maximum simplification of the design compared with analogues, reducing metal consumption and increasing the manufacturability of the product, both in production and in operation, to ensure the best conditions for the growth of crops and a significant increase in yield. In one pass, the seeder sows the main crop, small-seeded crop (binary component) and introduces mineral fertilizers, and can also be used when putting waste and fallow lands into circulation.
METHODS: Methods of system analysis, mathematical modeling, and experiment planning were used in the development of the drill design. Experimental studies were conducted in the field and laboratory conditions in accordance with existing methods, using modern electronic and mechanical devices. Experimental data processing was carried out in the environment of the MathCAD system, Microsoft Office Excel.
RESULTS: In contrast to known analogues, the proposed technical solution of the seeder simplifies the design, reduces the weight and improves the manufacturability of the product — on a simple frame welded in one plane from pipes, but free enough for the passage of crop residues and soil particles, on one side are installed stands with tines for mounting discs, and on the other - for mounting the hopper. The plane of attachment of tines for disc mounting is as close as possible to the soil surface, which reduced the load on the frame and reduced its material intensity. The seed drill-cultivator developed by the authors allows to realise all operations related to soil cultivation and sowing of grain crops
CONCLUSION: The design solutions for the cultivator planter obtained by the authors simplified the design of the planter compared to its analogues, reduced its metal consumption, and therefore its weight, which makes it possible to use tractors of a smaller class with lower fuel consumption. The adjustment of the angle of attack of the discs has also been simplified, and the additional installation of baking powder has reduced the clogging of the seeder with crop residues and soil lumps.
Massive retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Pathania Omparkash , Siddiqui Azaz Akhtar , Kumar Deepak , Jain Raikint
Published: November 2024

Soft tissue sarcoma is mesenchymal tumor of malignant in nature seen in body. Liposarcoma followed by leiomyosarcoma are most common type. Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) in retroperitoneum region develop from smooth muscle cell or from wall of large vein and detect clinically when attain huge size, causing symptom due to compression or displacement to surrounding structure. We are presenting case report of a 65 years old lady presented with progressive pain abdomen, distension, loss of weight and appetite for 1 year. Radiological investigation reveals a large bilobed intra-abdominal mass with no major vascular involvement. Patient underwent complete surgical excision with resection of surrounding structure and post operative period was uneventful. HPE and IHC of resected tumor were suggestive of Leiomyosarcoma. Leiomyosarcoma usually has slow and silent progression hence present clinically when compression or displacement of adjacent structure arises. It has malignant potential. Radiological investigation helps in deciding resection. R0 resection carries very good prognosis since chemo and radiotherapy has limited role in complete cure.
Objectively structured practical examination for first year physiotherapy: 3 years longitudinal study
Authors: Ganvir Suvarna , Nagargoje Archana , Harishchandre Maheshwari , Ganvir Shyam
Published: November 2024

: With proven advantage of OSPE over traditional examination, its time to implement on a routine basis as a form of assessment of psychomotor skills in Physiotherapy. This study reports the implementation of OSPE at our institute since last 3 years and still continued.

: OSPE was introduced in 2021 for formative assessment planned for only one year. However, with the benefit observed for examiners and students, it was continued for next 2 years. 10 stations were prepared for assessment by 10 examiners for first year of Physiotherapy students. Performance was assessed using the checklist. Students and examiners were invited to share their feedback through the survey form.

: There was a consistent positive response about the conduct of this method of assessment for all 3 years from students and examiners (more than 90%). Equal percentage reported that the method eliminates examiner bias to the great extent and allowed all psychomotor skills to be assessed during the examination (92%).

: Consistent Positive response over 3 years supports the use of OSPE as a form of assessment of psychomotor skill of Physiotherapy students.
Czy krople na jaskrę zrewolucjonizują leczenie łysienia androgenowego? O repozycjonowaniu leku, którego efekt uboczny stał się pożądanym skutkiem terapii
Authors: Spławska Kalina , Zybaczyński Łukasz , Wierzbicki Maciej , Koziak Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Prostaglandins are hormones found in almost all mammalian tissues. As signaling molecules, they play a key role in the regulation of many physiological processes, including hair growth cycle. The article describes the history of the discovery of prostaglandins, including the work of Professor Ryszard Gryglewski – the discoverer of prostacyclin. Particular attention was paid to the synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2α - latanoprost. Indicated for the treatment of glaucoma, the drug is known for inducing eyelash growth as a side effect. A prodrug, latanoprostis converted to its active metabolite, latanoprost acid. Recent research demonstrated that latanoprost acid has a chance to become an effective alternative to minoxidil and finasteride - the only drugs currently registered for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. The development ofanti-alopecia drugs containing prostaglandin derivatives, including latanoprost acid, will be a much faster process compared to the traditional path of product development based on a new chemical compound.
Trends in Global Electric Vehicle Adoption: Analyzing Regional Sales and Stock Dynamics
Authors: Hossain Sazib , Alam Rafi Shahriar , Hena Hasna , El Hebabi Imane
Published: November 2024

As the world moves towards sustainable transportation, the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) plays a pivotal role in reducing carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of global EV adoption trends, drawing on historical data that tracks EV sales and stock across various regions from 2011 onward. By examining the evolution of market shares and the distribution of different powertrain types, such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), this research uncovers significant regional disparities in EV adoption. The findings highlight key drivers and barriers influencing market growth, providing insights into the varied pace of electrification across the globe. This analysis underscores the need for region-specific policy measures to overcome challenges and accelerate the transition to electric mobility. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discourse on achieving an eco-friendly transportation future by offering a nuanced understanding of the global progress towards widespread EV adoption.
The impact of e-marketing on leisure tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A field study
Authors: Arous Jamel Ali , Louail Bilal , Hima Nadya Ali , Tayeb Mesud Essa
Published: November 2024

This research examined the impact of electronic marketing on tourists’ preferences by conducting a field study on a sample of citizens and residents in the northern border region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study aims to understand the relationship between e-marketing campaigns through three variables: digital presence and online content, interaction of bloggers and influencers, social networking sites, online presence and content, and their impact on leisure tourism, through visitor satisfaction and personal experience as an intermediary variable, and how that affects visitors’ satisfaction and users’ decisions regarding their decisions in choosing recreational tourist destinations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research aims to shed light on the role of electronic marketing in encouraging leisure tourism and identify the factors influencing tourist decisions in this context. This study utilized surveys conducted with users, totaling 756 participants. We used the quantitative method in the process of collecting and analyzing data from the study to identify the factors influencing users' responses to such information. The data analysis process relied on structural equation modeling using both Amos program and the SPSS program. The study concluded that the results indicate a relationship and influence between electronic marketing campaigns and their variables, digital presence, and online content, social media sites, bloggers, and influencers interact, through visitor satisfaction and user experience, which leads to an increase in tourists’ preference for leisure tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The determinants of foreign direct investment in conflict-prone environments: A case study of Palestinian territories
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad Aref Mohammad
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the complex relationship that exists between foreign direct investment (FDI) and armed conflict intensity, specifically in the Palestinian territories during the ongoing conflict with Israel. It examines various determinants, including market size, trade openness, labor cost, inflation, infrastructure, and fixed capital formation. Using available quarterly data from Q1 2010 to Q3 2023 and using EViews 13 software, the study adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimating model approach. The study concludes that the intensity of the armed conflict has a conclusive negative impact on the volume of foreign direct investment flow to Palestinian territories. It was also found that market size, trade openness, and gross capital formation are the main determinants contributing to the inflow of FDI and mitigating the negative impact of armed conflicts. Additionally, the study reveals that escalating conflict and Israeli occupation severely limit infrastructure access, contributing to its degradation and hindering foreign direct investment. It recommends that policymakers in conflict-affected areas prioritize peacebuilding and implement risk-reduction strategies to enhance political stability, promote GDP growth, increase trade openness, and improve infrastructure.
Effective strategies for optimizing rapeseed cultivation involve the careful selection of varieties and the appropriate use of pesticides
Authors: Pant Janak , Dawadi Prava
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the management of rapeseed through suitable application of pesticides and variety selection. Control of aphid and variety selection of mustard have some detrimental effects on crop growth, development, and yield. Therefore, from November 2017 to February 2018, we conducted an experiment to assess the status of mustard using various varieties and pesticides. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The three varieties (Pragati, Bikash, Unnati) of mustard are the main factor, and insecticidal and treatment were subfactors of experiment, which included Spinosad 45% suspension concentrates at 0.44 ml/liter water, Imidacloprid 70 water dispersible granule at 14 gm/ liter water, Beauveria bassiana 1.15% wettable powder at 2g/liter water, and untreated control. Phenological characters for plant variety were assessed to record the data regularly. Bikash had the higher plant height among other varieties. Higher leaf and branch numbers, including number of seeds per pod, were to be found the highest in the variety Pragati, but yield, biomass, and harvest index were statistically similar in all varieties. Seeds per pod, yield, biomass, and harvest index were the highest with Imidacloprid, followed by Beauveria, Spinosad, and Control. The highest number of aphid populations was seen during the last week of December-mid-January. Imidacloprid was found to be the most effective and economically viable option for rapeseed growth and production. Similar effects from cropping any varieties, Unnati, and Bikash Pragati were noticed.