bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLITICAL PROCESSES IN THE HIST TICAL PROCESSES IN THE HISTORY OF AFGH Y OF AFGHANISTAN
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Abdullaev Amrillo Nasulloevich
Published: March 2021

This article studies the problems of ethno-political processes in Afghanistan’s sociallife. This shock of social and political life was a manifestation of tension in the ethno-national sphere, originating in the time of the formation of the Afghan state, which was created by the Pashtun tribes with all the ensuing consequences.
LINGUOCULTURE AND LINGUOCULTUREME
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Juraeva Malokhat Muhammadovna , Khamidova Muborak Khafizovna
Published: March 2021

In the given article, language is interpreted not only as a means for expressing thoughts, but also as a product of thinking and an integral part of the whole world and the universe, as an important part of culture. Also, such terms as 'linguoculturology 'and' linguocultureme' are also widely disscussed
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMBUKAAN JARINGAN TRAYEK ANGKUTAN KOTA DENGAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING
Authors: Arni, Rakhmad Kuswandhie Amula
Published: March 2021

Dinas Perhubungan Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Lubuklinggau, adalah instansi yang bertugas salah satunya membuka dan mengalihkan jaringan trayek angkutan kota serta menentukan jumlah armada dan tarif angkutan kota. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya Dishub masih menggunakan cara yang manual sehingga sering terjadinya keterlambatan dalam pengambilan kebutusan. Hal ini sangat tidak di harapkan karena kondisi di lapangan memerlukan keputusan yang dihasilkan dalam waktu yang tepat.Berdasarkan uraian di atas, maka perlu adanya suatu sistem yang dapat membantu Dishub dalam pengambilan keputusan tanpa mengurangi kualitas dari keputusan yang dihasilkan, sistem ini disebut Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) diharapkan dapat membantu Dishub dalam melakukan pengolahan dan analisis  data yang dapat berguna dalam membuka dan mengalihkan jaringan trayek angkutan kota.  Metode yang digunakan sistem adalah metode SAW, tujuan dari pembuatan sistem ini adalah untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk menentukan jaringan trayek terbaik yang akan digunakan.
“To be young, gifted, and black”
Authors: Howes Alexandra J.
Published: March 2021

The Great Gatsby is a seminal novel in American high-school classrooms, and although educators should be aware of assigning diverse texts equitably on their syllabi, Fitzgerald’s 1925 classic is a part of the traditional canon of literature with modern relevance. Gatsby can be made relatable to all students, especially students who are Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) through various pedagogies: immersive history, Socratic discussions, debates, and other engaging activities. In a world of smartphones and mass media, embracing students’ predilections for screen time through film with Baz Luhrmann’s 2013 adaptation is also a beneficial approach. Taking a racial justice approach to the novel will also help create a classroom space for students of varying racial, ethnic, and social backgrounds to discuss current events related to the murder of George Floyd, the protests and rebellion across the United States, and the Black Lives Matter movement. Jay Gatsby mirrors the lives of many teenagers who navigate a society that attempts to put them in their place based on their racial/ethnic backgrounds. As the rift between the “inside” society of white privilege and financial stability and the “outside” world of diverse, working-class Americans widens, The Great Gatsby should remain a staple text of American classrooms.
Positive—Negative Asymmetry in Evaluation of Natural Stimuli: Empirical Study in the Contrast Model of Similarity Extended to Open Sets
Authors: Falkowski Andrzej , Sidoruk Maria , Olszewska Justyna , Jabłońska Magdalena
Published: March 2021

The current work shows empirical verification of the similarity theory extended to open sets of features, which states that an increase in similarity between 2 objects results from the deletion of distinctive features or the addition of common features, albeit with different effects. To date, theoretical simulations and empirical demonstrations using real features have shown how the model works. However, to test the validity of the model we conducted an experiment where direct judgments were used. A total of 188 participants were evaluated at 3 different levels related to similarity, affect, and willingness to live, in reference to cities that differed in terms of their amounts of positive and negative features. The results revealed that when their initial similarity to the ideal was greater than 0.5, deletion of distinctive, negative features had a stronger effect on the object evaluation and was more effective than adding positive features of the same value. When the initial similarity to the ideal was less than 0.5, opposite results were obtained; that is, the addition of common, positive features had a stronger effect on the object evaluation than deleting negative features of the same value. The results have shown a positive-negative asymmetry in the evaluation process, which supports the similarity theory extended to open sets of features. In addition, the findings revealed that the positive-negative asymmetry derived from the theory can be explained by the ratio difference principle.
Polish Communist Perspectives on John Paul II: The Pope’s 1979 Pilgrimage to Poland in State, Party, and Police Documents
Authors: Felak James Ramon
Published: March 2021

An examination of the views of Poland’s Communist regime on the June 1979 visit of Pope John Paul II to his native land, based on reports from government (Office of Confessional Affairs), party (Administrative Division of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers Party), and security (Interior Ministry) analysts, as well as the official press. On the one hand, the analysts presented evidence and arguments that depicted the papal visit as a success for Communist Poland, highlighting any words or actions by John Paul that purportedly served its interests. This was reflected in the government’s public position on the visit. On the other hand, behind-the-scenes, analysts duly noted those words, deeds, and omissions by the Pope that the Communist authorities found disturbing. Overall, the article shows a regime eager to find positive things to say about the papal visit, but also cognizant that the Pope is doing much that runs against its interests. It also shows a Pope able to give his Communist hosts enough positive material so they can justify his visit in the face of skepticism from the Soviet Union and others, while at the same time adeptly presenting challenges to the regime on a number of fronts.
Julian Tuwim: Misfortunes of a Polish-Jewish Poet in Exile
Authors: Milgram Avraham
Published: March 2021

This article examines the lesser-known chapter in the life of the Polish poet and writer of Jewish origin Julian Tuwim during World War II. With the German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, and after suffering in prewar ethnocentric and anti-Semitic Poland, Tuwim fled to Romania, where he tried, in vain, to obtain a visa for the British Mandatory Palestine, without having any Zionist affinity. This attempt was based on friendly relations with Leib Jaffe, the director of the Zionist National Fund in Poland. Tuwim’s attitude towards Zionism is analyzed in the context of similar attitudes of Joseph Roth and Stefan Zweig. Shortly thereafter, Tuwim came to Paris where he manifested, for the first time, anguish of exile, a feeling that didn’t leave him until the end of the war. After the German invasion of France, Tuwim fled to Portugal where he experienced a deep anguish over the refusal of an American visa, lack of money and prospects. In Lisbon, with the help of a Brazilian writer and diplomat, Tuwim obtained a visa to enter Brazil, where, with ambivalent feelings, he began his famous poem “Kwiaty polskie” [Polish flowers]. After nine months, Tuwim and his wife finally arrived in the USA where, in addition to being a writer, Tuwim became a political engagé. “We Polish Jews …” is the poem written in the shadow of the Jewish tragedy which reflects the complexity of Tuwim’s Polish-Jewish identity before and during World War II.
Rough Notations? The Puzzle of Janusz Korczak’s Ghetto Journal
Authors: Filipowicz Halina
Published: March 2021

Janusz Korczak’s last, unfinished book, written in the Warsaw ghetto in 1942, is known under a rather misleading title, Pamiętnik, rendered as Diary or Memoir in English. Long considered a collection of rough diaristic notations and confessional scribblings, it is valued as a testimonial document but denied, often enough, any artistic ambition. Some commentators go so far as to suggest that by 1942 Korczak, sixty-three or sixty-four at the time, was finished as a creative writer. This article, in contrast, argues that reading Pamiętnik only for documentary evidence is inadequate. At once building on and departing from commentaries by Irena Maciejewska and Jacek Leociak, I undertake to show that the importance of this rich and often enigmatic work lies not only in its documentary record but also in Korczak’s sophisticated exploration of literary form and rhetorical strategy and that, furthermore, attention to his artistic preoccupations helps recuperate aspects of the book that have been rendered invisible by its canonical status as a historical document. The larger goal of this reappraisal is to broaden an understanding of Korczak as writer and thinker and to recover him for cutting-edge experimental literature.
Inhibitory action of Lippia gracilis Schauer essential oil on pathogenic bacteria and its effects as a growth promoter on quail
Authors: Cardoso-Júnior Gilmar S. , Rocha Graziele F. , Souza Douglas M. , Lopes Claudia C. , Pereira Hanna B. J. , Blank Arie F. , Barbosa Flavio H. F. , Silva Camilla M. , Rodrigues Paula G. , Oliveira-Júnior Gregorio M.
Published: March 2021

Aim of the study: To examine the in vitro sensitivity of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli strains to the microbial activity of Lippia gracilis Schauer essential oil (LGSEO) and to determine the optimal level of LGSEO as a growth promoter in diets for Japanese quail up to 35 days of age.Area of study: São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.Material and methods: A total of 504 female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at an initial average body weights of 6.80±0.10 g was allotted to one of six treatments (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg/kg of LGSEO and a diet containing 500 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate) in 7 replicates, using 12 birds per experimental unit.Main results: In the age period of 21 to 35 days, feed intake declined linearly (p=0.04) and feed efficiency improved (p<0.01), whereas no changes were observed in production performance (p>0.05). The estimated (p=0.01) maximum relative weights of proventriculus and pancreas were obtained at the LGSEO inclusion levels of 196.5 and 251 mg/kg, respectively. Inclusion of 100 to 300 mg/kg of LGSEO in the diet reduced the total Salmonella sp. bacterial count.Research highlights: The use of 196.5 mg/kg of LGSEO in the diet of Japanese quail improved production performance and organ development and demonstrated potential antimicrobial capacity against Salmonella sp. bacteria. Due its pharmacological composition, LGSEO can potentially substitute to antimicrobials, because contains thymol and carvacrol as main active constituents.
Gamification in Higher Education
Authors: Kovácsné Pusztai Kinga
Published: March 2021

The way of thinking and the way of life of the today's children and teenagers have changed radically. Some of the well-established pedagogical methods that were used for decades have become obsolete. Therefore, we need to look for a new method to approach Generations Z and Alpha. Gamification, which has been known since 2010 and means the use of game elements in other areas of life, offers an opportunity to do so.In addition to a brief description of gamification, my article shows some possibilities for using it at the university. Furthermore, I investigate the impact of gamification on the student in "Algorithms and Data Structures" university course.

Subject Classification: 97P30
Regula falsi in lower secondary school education II
Authors: Fülöp Zsolt
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the pupils' word problem solving strategies in lower secondary school education. Students prior experiences with solving word problems by arithmetic methods can create serious difficulties in the transition from arithmetic to algebra. The arithmetical methods are mainly based on manipulation with numbers. When pupils are faced with the methods of algebra they often have difficulty in formulating algebraic equations to represent the information given in word problems. Their troubles are manifested in the meaning they give to the unknown, their interpretation what an equation is, and the methods they choose to set up and solve equations. Therefore they mainly use arithmetical and numerical checking methods to solve word problems. In this situation it is necessary to introduce alternative methods which make the transition from arithmetic to algebra more smooth. In the following we will give a detailed presentation of the false position method. In our opinion this method is useful in the lower secondary school educational processes, especially to reduce the great number of random trial-and-error problem solving attempts among the lower secondary school pupils. We will also show the results of some problem solving activities among grade 6-8 pupils. We analysed their problem solving strategies and we compared our findings with the results of other research works.

Subject Classification: 97-03, 97-11, 97B10, 97B50, 97D40, 97F10, 97H10, 97H20, 97H30, 97N10, 97N20
Perceptions of Members of Households Regarding the Production and Marketing of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) in Thulamela Local Municipality
Authors: Maila Matume M. , Anim Fancis D. K. , Chauke Khazamula P.
Published: March 2021

This study was carried out to determine how members of households perceive economic benefits of production and marketing of Moringa oleifera in the Thulamela Local Municipality. The study adopted the snowball sampling procedure to identify the population of members of households who produce and market Moringa. Simple random sampling procedure was adopted to select 146 participants. The Probit regression model was used as the analytical tool for this study. The results of the study revealed amongst others, that majority of members of households who were producing Moringa had no access to Moringa markets, and most of them were aware of the economic benefits of Moringa. The statistical significant variables which influenced the perceptions of members of households regarding economic benefits of production and marketing of Moringa were level of education (p < 0.01), Moringa farming experience (p < 0.05), access to market (p < 0.05), as well as the access to information (p < 0.05) about the production and the demand of Moringa produce. The study concluded that majority of respondents perceived that the production and marketing of Moringa would help to achieve sustainable livelihood for people living in Thulamela Local Municipality, while others were of the view that Moringa has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security and foster rural development. The study recommended that establishment of Moringa markets, formation of Moringa cooperatives and promotional campaigns to educate members of households about the economic benefits of Moringa should be enhanced.
Effect of Inoculum Concentration and Pretreatment on Biomethane Recovery From Cotton Gin Trash
Authors: Kaur Harjinder , Kommalapati Raghava R.
Published: March 2021

The potential of cotton gin waste, a considerable challenge to the gin owners, has not been fully investigated as a renewable energy source via anaerobic digestion. The weathered cotton gin trash and inoculum for triplicate biomethane potential assays were obtained from a local cotton gin mill and a municipal wastewater treatment plant, respectively. The moisture, total solids, volatile solids, and C, H, N, S, hemicellulose + cellulose, and lignin contents of gin waste were determined in triplicates. The biomethane potential of untreated and pretreated (hot water and 6% NaOH (wet CGT weight basis) gin waste was determined at different inoculum to substrate ratios. The highest cumulative biomethane yield of 111.8 mL gvs-1 was observed in inoculum to substrate ratio of 2.3, and it was statistically similar to the values; 101.8, 104.7, 100.5, and 108.9 gvs-1, observed in 0.8, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.9, respectively. The biomethane yield at the inoculum to substrate ratio of 0.4 was significantly lower than all higher ratios. The T80-90 for biomethane production was 26-30 for the ISRs of 1.2, 1.5, and 2.3. The T80-90 for inoculum to substrate ratios of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.9 were 26-31, 27-32, and 27-31 d, respectively. The modified Gompertz equation fitted very well (R2 = 0.98-0.99) to the anaerobic digestion at all inoculum to substrate ratios and pretreatments as the observed and predicted biomethane values were similar. The model predicted a lag phase of 8-10 days for control and treatments compared to the observed of 10-15 days. The highest biodegradability of 24.8±2.6% was observed at inoculum to substrate ratio of 2.3, which was statistically similar to the values observed in ratios of 0.8, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.9, respectively. Among pretreatments, the highest biodegradability of 33.0±2.4 was observed in 6% NaOH pretreatment, and it was statistically similar to hot water treatment and non-pretreated or control. These research findings advance the knowledge in the anaerobic degradation of cotton gin trash, thus helping to maximize biomethane recovery from this agro-industrial waste.
Reaction of Sweet Cassava Genotypes to Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis From Three Regions of Brazil
Authors: Aquiles K. R. , Marques Eder , Malaquias J. V. , Mattos J. K. A. , Fialho J. F. , Vieira E. A. , Uesugi C. H.
Published: March 2021

Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm) is the causal agent of Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), one of the most important cassava diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of sweet cassava genotypes to strains of Xpm from three different geographic regions of Brazil in greenhouse conditions. The inoculation of 14 genotypes of cassava was made by cutting leaflets using scissors previously soaked in a bacterial suspension with 1 × 108 UFC ml-1 and also by inserting a soaked toothpick into the bud of the oldest leaf. The results showed significant differences when the cassava genotypes were individually evaluated in relation to the Xpm strains used; however, the relationship between cassava genotypes and Xpm strains was significant for wilt symptom. The UnB 1111 strain was more aggressive than the UnB 1386 strain based on the average value of the reaction grade, showing the variation that exists between the bacterial isolates from different regions. Considering the reaction of cassava germplasm’s resistance to the three strains used in the study, the BGMC 434 genotype was the only one classified as resistant based on the average reaction grade. The genotypes BGMC 753, BGMC 1289, BGMC 982 and the elite clones BRS 396, BRS 397, BRS 398, 259/08 and BRS 399 were classified as moderately resistant, which indicates the possibility of recommending them for disease favorable regions.
De eeuwige zoektocht naar de meest fundamentele persoonlijke oorzaken van misdadigheid
Authors: Harte Joke , Beekman Hanneke
Published: March 2021

On the never-ending search for the most fundamental personal causes of delinquency. A historical outline of forensic psychiatry

For this anniversary issue of the centenary of the journal PROCES, we focused on the field of forensic psychiatry. What does one hundred years of PROCES tell us about the developments in this domain? Our starting point was an article from 1930. At that time, forensic psychiatry was not yet an integrated part of the criminal process. The anonymous author makes a plea for this to be the case. He substantiates this on the basis of four cases from his own practice. Now, one hundred years later, we conclude that this integration of forensic psychiatry into the criminal justice practice has been accomplished: there is ample attention to the mental health of suspects and detainees. The cases also show us how drastically the perspective on delinquents with a mental condition has changed, as a suspect suffering from a mental disorder was seen, by definition, as not criminally responsible. Reviewing the developments of the past hundred years has made us realize how temporary and transient our current perspective is. We are, however, convinced that the interest in individual motives of delinquents will always remain.
Van culturele delicten naar schadelijke praktijken
Authors: ten Voorde Jeroen
Published: March 2021

From cultural offences to harmful practices. Forty years of cultural issues in criminal law in PROCES

In 1981, PROCES published its first article on the criminal justice system in a pluriform or multicultural society. That article turned out to be the first of many articles on so-called cultural offences, like honour related violence and female genital mutilation, and the ways in which the criminal justice system could and should respond to these offences. This article reviews the various articles written on these topics for the past forty years and tries to finds an answer why it was that authors choose PROCES to publish their articles.
Sexuality in Different Phases of the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Kukulj Staša , Keresteš Gordana
Published: March 2021

The transition to parenthood brings changes in many areas of life, including the area of sexuality. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the frequency of sexual intercourse, sexual satisfaction and the sexual self-schema of participants in different stages of their transition to parenthood. The study involved men and women without children, those who were expecting their first child, and parents of six-month-old and one-year-old children (N = 650). The results showed that participants in different stages of transition to parenthood differed in the frequency of sexual intercourse, but not in their sexual satisfaction and sexual self-schema. Men and women without children and parents of one-year-olds reported more frequent sexual intercourse than those expecting their first child and parents of six-month-old children, although these differences were statistically significant only in the female sample. Men, compared to women, reported more frequent sexual intercourse and greater sexual satisfaction. The research results demonstrate the complexity of sexual functioning during the transition to parenthood and can be applied in providing psychosocial support during this period of life.
Prevalence and Determinants of "String-Pulling" Behaviour in the Croatian Healthcare System
Authors: Franić Josip
Published: March 2021

In spite of frequent allegations about the Croatian healthcare system being susceptible to various illegitimate practices, research on this matter has been scarce so far. To start filling the gap, this paper investigates how often and why Croatians rely on friends, relatives and acquaintances in order to achieve an unfair advantage over other users of the healthcare system. As revealed by the representative survey of 2000 individuals, which was conducted in 2015, almost every fifth citizen employed this dishonest strategy during the 12-month period preceding the survey. Although half of the respondents justified their wrongdoings with extremely long waiting lists, logistic regression analysis offered a different conclusion. Explicitly, the study results indicate that citizens exert this misbehaviour more often by automatism than out of real need. Due to a strong embeddedness of this detrimental economic and social practice in Croatian society, it would be more beneficial if combating endeavours were focused on providers of illicit help.
Adaptive Window Selection for Non-uniform Lighting Image Thresholding
Authors: Pattnaik Tapaswini , Kanungo Priyadarshi
Published: March 2021

Selection of appropriate size of windows or subimages is the most important step for thresholding images with non-uniform lighting. In this paper, a novel criteria function is developed to partition images into different size of sub images appropriate for thresholding. After the partitioning, each subimage is segmented by Otsu’s thresholding approaches. The performance of the proposed method is validated on benchmark test images with different degree of uneven lighting. Based on the qualitative and quantitative measures, the  proposed method is fully automatic, fast and efficient in comparison to many landmark approaches.
Analysis of the conditions for the exhaustion of the stability margin in the rail track of freight cars with three-piece bogies
Authors: Domin Yurii V. , Domin Rostyslav Yu. , Cherniak Ganna Yu. , Nozhenko Volodymyr S.
Published: March 2021

The research on improvement of methodical approaches to definition of the probable reasons of infringement of conditions of stability of freight cars from derailment is carried out. Using a basic computer model of the dy-namics of a freight car, the influence of the characteristics of the technical condition of their running gear and track on the indicators of empty cars stability from derailment was studied through the computational experi-ment.
The article presents the main statements of the research methodology, which provides the analysis of probable causes of derailment of freight cars by conducting a series of numerical experiments with logging the progress of calculations and saving the results. Factor analysis was used to interpret the calculated data with an assessment of each of the factors influence or their combination on the probability of derailment.
The developed procedure of the simulation experiment provides a step-by-step study of the freight cars derail-ment conditions, including factors structuring and ranking, development of experimental plan, calculating coef-ficients of wheel pairs resistance to derailment from rails, provided that the wheel flange rolls onto the rail head, and determining the degree of influence of relevant factors on the dynamic stability of cars from derailment. A comparative analysis of the stability of cars in rail tracks was performed using the introduced concept of the combined coefficient of stability of wheel pairs against derailment.
Determining the probable causes of car derailment is based on scanning the parameter field. The results of the parametric study revealed the degree of influence on the freight cars stability of running gear technical condition characteristics. In particular, it is determined that the most dangerous in terms of stability loss of empty cars in the track is the exceeding of the wedges of the vibration dampers.
Analysis of Major Jerzy Sosnowski’s letters to his father against the background of the criminal trial before the Military District Court No. I in Warsaw
Authors: Graczyk Konrad
Published: March 2021

The study presents the contents of the letters from the private archive of Major Jerzy Sosnowski, a Polish military intelligence officer operating in Berlin in 1926-1934. The letters are addressed to his father and come from 1937 and 1938. The text presents Major Sosnowski’s profile. Then the circumstances in which the letters were written and their meaning are discussed. Their content was analyzed against the background of the criminal trial before the Military District Court No. I in Warsaw and regarding the current state of knowledge about Major Sosnowski’s fate from crossing the German-Polish border in April 1936 until the sentence in June 1939. The content of the letters proves their author’s personal harm and violations of the law preceding criminal proceedings before the Polish military court, and to some extent, also provide insight into the trial for which the primary sources (court records) have not been preserved.
The possibility of using the military program Leader to shape leadership in civil organizations
Authors: Wojtusik Andrzej , Figarski Jarosław , Borek-Wojciechowska Regina
Published: March 2021

A characteristic feature of the environment in which contemporary organizations operate is its variability. To survive in such an environment, organizations need leaders who can set themselves and their subordinates specific goals and influence their achievement. Many positive examples of leadership can be transferred to the civilian environment thanks to the models developed in the armed forces. One of the tools for shaping leadership attitudes in the Polish Armed Forces is the author’s program for training non-commissioned officers called “Leader” in operation since 2008. The knowledge passed on during this program, which is conducted in the form of a course (considered to be one of the most difficult ones in the Armed Forces), is related to building leadership skills. It can be successfully transferred to the civilian environment, wherever there are relationships between superiors and subordinates.
Symmetry and range of pelvic movement in gait among young male football players and their non-playing peers
Authors: Nowak Beata , Węglarz Józef , Wódka Katarzyna , Fałatowicz Michał , Kuczek Piotr , Jankowicz-Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Gait is the basic physical activity of a person to which s/he is much better adapted than to running or maintaining a sitting position. Proper gait pattern has beneficial effects on locomotor and respiratory system efficacy, while asymmetrical, abnormal gait may cause musculoskeletal dysfunctions. The purpose of the study is to compare symmetry and range of pelvic movement in gait among boys playing football and their non-playing peers. Material and methods: A total of 121 boys were surveyed, including 33 soccer players aged 10-14 and 82 of their non-playing peers, using a portable system for functional movement analysis - BTS G-WALK. Symmetry and range of motion of the right and left pelvis in the sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes were analysed while walking on a straight section. Basic anthropometric measurements were also taken. Results: There was no difference in the value of the pelvic symmetry coefficient between the football- and non-players. However, a significantly greater range of pelvic rotation and movement in the sagittal plane was found among the boys playing football. Attention is drawn to the greater range of pelvic movement towards posterior tilt among young soccer players. Conclusions: Further studies should be conducted to assess whether excessive movement of the pelvis in gait towards posterior tilt among young soccer players is related to body posture quality, and whether the excessive range of pelvic movement in the sagittal and horizontal planes correlates with the incidence of locomotor injuries or lower spine pain.
Trigger of a migraine headache among Thai adolescents smartphone users: a time series study
Authors: Chongchitpaisan Wanna , Wiwatanadate Phongtape , Tanprawate Surat , Narkpongphan Assawin , Siripon Nipapon
Published: March 2021

The study aims to investigate the effect of modern technology in the trigger of migraine headaches in high school students by using generalized estimating equation analysis. The prospective time series study was conducted in one hundred and forty-five smartphones using high school students in Chiang Mai Province who each completed a headache diary giving a total of 12,969 data entries. The smartphone output power was measured and recorded by a smartphone application. Smartphone use, sleep quality, anxiety, and depression also were assessed. Results revealed that the prevalence of repeated headache be 13.4% and migraine 16.9%. The migraine had the strongest association with handfree device use and internet use, followed by age and anxiety. Furthermore, the strongest effect of smartphone output power in triggering a migraine was found at ≤ 1.79×10-5 and 1.80-1.99×10-5 mW ranges. Meanwhile, Lag_6 of daily smartphone output power exposure produced the migraine effect in a reverse dose-response manner. The smartphone electromagnetic radiation was a primary migraine trigger. The study results led to the recommendation to avoid triggers by use of smartphone talking with hand-free devices to prevent a recurrent migraine.
Resenha: livro “The UN at War: Peace Operations in a New Era”
Authors: Duarte Geraldine , Carvalho Letícia
Published: March 2021

Resenha do livro “The UN at War”, de John Karlsrud (2018), que discute os desafios enfrentados pelas operações de paz realizadas pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) na contemporaneidade, especialmente o aumento do uso da força e o caráter de estabilização do peacekeeping no século XXI.
The Influence of Directly Plating Time on the Structure of Electroless Nickel on AZ91
Authors: ZHANG Xiuzhi , LI Yingjie
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the influence of deposition time on the surface morphology, composition, structure, grain size and hardness of electroless nickel plated directly in neutral pH bath on AZ91 magnesium alloy are discussed by using SEM, EDS, XRD and microhardness test machine measurements. The results show that with the increasement of the plating time, the surface tends to be smooth, dense, and complete. The coating is composed of Ni and P and the content of P increases with the increasing the plating time. Furthermore, the XRD peaks for the coatings shift to the right and broaden gradually with prolonged plating time, which indicates that the interplanar spacing of the crystal and the grain size are simultaneously decreased. At the same time, the microhardness of the samples is also increased with increasing plating time.
Electrochemical Corrosion and Metal Ion Release Protective Efficiency of the Multilayer TaN Coatings on CoCrMo Biomedical Alloy
Authors: ASLAN Ali Kemal , BAHÇE Erkan , GÜLER Mehmet Sami
Published: March 2021

CoCrMo alloy is widely used in artificial orthopedic joint applications due to its high mechanical properties. But, high levels of the metal ion release from alloy surfaces cause variable toxic and allergic effects on the patient in vivo use. This case restricts the lifetime of the implant and results in the failure of the artificial joint. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance and to decrease the metal ion release, alloy surface was multilayer-coated by closed field unbalanced magnetron system. The protective efficiency of the coatings was determined by potentiodynamic polarization tests and static immersion tests were performed for 45, 60 and 90 days in the simulated body fluid in order to understand the effect of the coatings on the metal ion release. The metal ion concentrations in the simulated body fluids were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry device. The electrochemical corrosion results showed that the multilayer coatings provided 93 % protective efficiency in terms of corrosion resistance. Multilayer coatings decreased the metal ions release levels significantly, especially Co leaking was decreased approximately 52 times compared to uncoated samples.
Seismograph des Zusammenlebens: Zur Bedeutung des Grüßens in heterogenen Quartieren
Authors: Frank Susanne
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag zeigt und erklärt, dass und warum gerade die auf den ersten Blick so unscheinbare, alltägliche Geste des Grüßens von Nachbarinnen und Nachbarn so hohe soziale und symbolische Bedeutung für die Wahrnehmung und Deutung des Zusammenlebens in besonders diversen (groß)städtischen Quartieren entfaltet. Die basale soziale Praxis des Grüßens wird als „Seismograph des Sozialen“ gedeutet, der die Tektonik heterogener Nachbarschaften mit ihren Schwingungen und Regungen zu registrieren vermag.
»Das große Erwachen«: Affekt und Narrativ in der Bewegung gegen die Corona-Maßnahmen
Authors: Hentschel Christine
Published: March 2021

Der Aufsatz erforscht die Proteste gegen die Corona-Maßnahmen in deutschen Städten als spezifische Form der affektiven Raumnahme und der narrativen Verflechtung. Durch mehrmonatige Feldforschung auf den Kundgebungen in Hamburg und den Großdemonstrationen in Berlin sowie Interviews mit Beteiligten wird das in rechten, spirituellen und QAnon-Milieus anschlussfähige Narrativ des „Erwachens“ herausgearbeitet, das eine unpolitische Subjektivität nahelegt, die sich als Kontrastfolie zu antirassistischen und klimabewegten Kämpfen zeigt.
Clankriminalität. Aktuelle rechtspolitische, kriminologische und rechtliche Probleme
Authors: Rauls Felix , Feltes Thomas
Published: March 2021

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem polizeilichen Vorgehen gegen Clans, mit der sog. „Clankriminalität“ und dem in diesem Kontext angewandten sog. administrativen Ansatz. Es wird grundlegende, dogmatische Kritik an diesem Ansatz geübt, weil er zu einer bedenklichen Machtverschiebung innerhalb des Systems der Strafverfolgung zugunsten der Polizei und der Verwaltung führt, indem grundlegende straf- und strafverfahrensrechtliche Garantien ausgehebelt werden. Daraus folgt mittel- bis langfristig ein Legitimationsverlust polizeilichen Handelns und eine Schwächung der Akzeptanz der Strafverfolgungsorgane insgesamt in unserer Gesellschaft.
Global Alliances to Accelerate Innovation at Plug and Play Technology Center
Authors: Masrour Alireza
Published: March 2021

The Plug and Play (PnP) accelerator model is differentiated vs. traditional accelerators in many ways, especially by encouraging cross industry collaboration globally. PnP has developed a global network spanning the value chain from universities to startup companies, to financial partners, to global industry leaders in multiple industries, including life sciences, med tech and digital technologies. Networking  activities across the value chain and cross industry encourage associate thinking and collaboration and differentiates PnP vs. other accelerators.
A Case of Unintentional Nonadherence
Authors: Faiman, PhD, MSN, APRN-BC, AOCN®, FAAN Beth
Published: March 2021

Editor-in-Chief Beth Faiman reflects on the pivotal role of advanced practitioners in addressing both intentional and unintentional nonadherence with patients.
An Evaluation of the Use of Corticosteroids for the Management of Immune-Mediated Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Tsui, PharmD Adrian , Edmondson, PharmD, BCOP Linday , Julius, PharmD Justin
Published: March 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have gained prominence for the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, they are associated with the development of immune-mediated adverse events (IMAEs). Appropriate management of IMAEs and subsequent rechallenging of patients with ICI therapy remains an important area of research. The primary endpoint of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of current prescribing practices and adherence to guideline recommendations for IMAE management. The incidence of symptom resolution, number of patients reinitiated with ICI therapy, and IMAE recurrence upon ICI therapy reinitiation were explored as secondary endpoints. A retrospective chart review within the Allegheny Health Network was conducted in cancer patients treated with ICI therapy who developed a documented ICI-associated IMAE and subsequently received corticosteroid therapy. IRB approval was obtained for this study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze both primary and secondary endpoints. The study sample was made up of 81 patients. Overall, 50 out of 81 patient cases (62%) were found to be discordant with guideline recommendations; the primary factors identified were inappropriate starting corticosteroid dosing (64%), initiation of a corticosteroid taper prior to IMAE resolution to at least grade 1 severity, and condensed corticosteroid taper (74%). The main IMAEs identified were colitis (28%), pneumonitis (27%), and skin-related inflammation (12%). 76 out of the 81 patients (94%) achieved IMAE resolution; 41 patients (54%) were rechallenged with ICI therapy, of which 14 patients (34%) developed IMAE recurrence. Future studies may focus on evaluating different immunosuppression strategies to optimize IMAE management.
What Is the Cause of This Biliary Stricture?
Authors: Barker, PA-C Caeli
Published: March 2021

This article describes the presentation and workup of a 63-year-old male with a bile duct stricture, followed by a discussion on management.
Weak evidence of country- and institution-related status bias in the peer review of abstracts
Authors: Nielsen Mathias Wullum , Baker Christine Friis , Brady Emer , Petersen Michael Bang , Andersen Jens Peter
Published: March 2021

Research suggests that scientists based at prestigious institutions receive more credit for their work than scientists based at less prestigious institutions, as do scientists working in certain countries. We examined the extent to which country- and institution-related status signals drive such differences in scientific recognition. In a preregistered survey experiment, we asked 4,147 scientists from six disciplines (astronomy, cardiology, materials science, political science, psychology and public health) to rate abstracts that varied on two factors: (i) author country (high status vs lower status in science); (ii) author institution (high status vs lower status university). We found only weak evidence of country- or institution-related status bias, and mixed regression models with discipline as random-effect parameter indicated that any plausible bias not detected by our study must be small in size.
PomX, a ParA/MinD ATPase activating protein, is a triple regulator of cell division in Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Schumacher Dominik , Harms Andrea , Bergeler Silke , Frey Erwin , Søgaard-Andersen Lotte
Published: March 2021

Cell division site positioning is precisely regulated but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus, the ~15 MDa tripartite PomX/Y/Z complex associates with and translocates across the nucleoid in a PomZ ATPase-dependent manner to directly position and stimulate formation of the cytokinetic FtsZ-ring at midcell, and then undergoes fission during division. Here, we demonstrate that PomX consists of two functionally distinct domains and has three functions. The N-terminal domain stimulates ATPase activity of the ParA/MinD ATPase PomZ. The C-terminal domain interacts with PomY and forms polymers, which serve as a scaffold for PomX/Y/Z complex formation. Moreover, the PomX/PomZ interaction is important for fission of the PomX/Y/Z complex. These observations together with previous work support that the architecturally diverse ATPase activating proteins of ParA/MinD ATPases are highly modular and use the same mechanism to activate their cognate ATPase via a short positively charged N-terminal extension.
Molecular barcode and morphological analysis of Smilax purhampuy Ruiz, Ecuador
Authors: Soledispa Pilar , Santos-Ordóñez Efrén , Miranda Migdalia , Pacheco Ricardo , Gutiérrez Gaiten Yamilet Irene , Scull Ramón
Published: March 2021

Smilax plants are distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions in both hemispheres of the world. They are used extensively in traditional medicines in a number of countries. However, morphological and molecular barcodes analysis, which may assist in the taxonomic identification of species, are lacking in Ecuador. In order to evaluate the micromorphological characteristics of these plants, cross sections of Smilax purhampuy leaves were obtained manually. The rhizome powder, which is typically used in traditional medicines, was analyzed for micromorphological characteristics. All samples were clarified with 1% sodium hypochlorite. Tissues were colored with 1% safranin in water and were fixed with glycerinated gelatin. DNA was extracted from the leaves using a modified CTAB method for molecular barcode characterization and PCR was performed using primers to amplify the different loci including the plastid genome regions atpF-atpH spacer, matK gene, rbcL gene, rpoB gene, rpoC1 gene, psbK–psbI spacer, and trnH–psbA spacer; and the nuclear DNA sequence ITS2. A DNA sequence similarity search was performed using BLAST in the GenBank nr database and phylogenetic analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method according to the best model identified by MEGAX using a bootstrap test with 1,000 replicates. Results showed that the micromorphological evaluation of a leaf cross section depicted a concave arrangement of the central vein, which was more pronounced in the lower section and had a slight protuberance. The micromorphological analysis of the rhizome powder allowed the visualization of a group of cells with variable sizes in the parenchyma and revealed thickened xylematic vessels associated with other elements of the vascular system. Specific amplicons were detected in DNA barcoding for all the barcodes tested except for the trnH–psbA spacer. BLAST analysis revealed that the Smilax species was predominant in all the samples for each barcode; therefore, the genus Smilax was confirmed through DNA barcode analysis. The barcode sequences psbK-psbI, atpF-atpH, and ITS2 had a better resolution at the species level in phylogenetic analysis than the other barcodes we tested.
Financial Capital Inflows, Manufacturing Exports and Economic Growth in Palestine: A Threshold Regression Analysis
Authors: Badwan Nemer , Atta Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Aims: The study examined the Optimal Level of the Financial Capital Inflows and Manufacturing Exports, Economic Growth in Palestine. Annual data from the (2000-2018) to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), cross-border borrowing from the World Bank (Components Of Financial Capital Inflows) Financial Sector Development (FSD) real GDP (RGDP) and Manufacturing Exports (MEX) were no different from other Production Sources, Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA) and Ministry of National Economy (MONE), Ministry of Finance and Planning (MOFP), Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Statistical Bulletin while data on Gross Capital Formation (GCF) and Human Capital (HC) was the source of the World Bank also curvature.

Study Design: Cross-Sectional Survey Research (Qualitative & Quantitative).

Place and Duration of the Study: Various Governmental Organizations in Palestine, between the periods (2000-2018).

Methodology: Quantitative and Qualitative specification model, the equations used to examine the Optimal Level, impact and the relationship of Financial Capital Inflows and Manufacturing Exports on Palestinian Economic Growth, Threshold Regression Analysis was used to detect and verify the Optimal Level of Financial Capital Inflows by analyzing the data that have been collected from the Electronic Sources which available on the official websites of Governmental Organizations for the period (2000-2018). The methodology of the study revealed the relationship of the Optimal Level of Financial Capital Inflows with Manufacturing Exports on Economic Growth in Palestine. Data collection process and data analysis techniques employed to achieve the current study objective.

Results: The study found that the optimization results showed that the Financial Capital Inflows of (CINF) Threshold value (21.77%) with a coefficient of (7.74) per year is the Optimal Level of Financial Capital Inflows in Palestine the Threshold Point Manufacturing Exports to any Financial Capital Inflows (CINF) of the Threshold value of Manufacturing Exports in Palestine. The study concludes that the Optimal Level for Financial Capital Inflows to Economic Growth is (21.77%); any Threshold Level above the sustainable level of Economic Growth will be adversely affected in Palestine.

Conclusion: Findings of the study found that the Flow of Financial Capital Threshold exists for the Manufacture of Exports, and therefore recommends that excessive Financial Capital Inflows should be avoided in the country so that it does not make the conduct of Monetary Policy difficult, while the need of Financial Capital Inflows must be monitored well and directed to sectors (such as Industry, Agriculture, Mining and Quarrying) that have the absorptive capacity for them.