bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspective use of bio-adhesive liquid crystals as ophthalmic drug delivery systems
Authors: Tarsitano Martine , Mancuso Antonia , Cristiano Maria Chiara , Urbanek Konrad , Torella Daniele , Paolino Donatella , Fresta Massimo
Published: September 2023

The success of many drugs in ophthalmic treatments is hindered by their physico-chemical properties and the limited precorneal retention time. Here, lyotropic liquid crystals are proposed as a new ophthalmic drug delivery system. Acyclovir was chosen as model drug for its solubility and its controlled release from cubic phase was achieved. We demonstrated the effortless application of lamellar phase on corneal surface and its ability to convert itself in cubic phase in situ. While the complex viscosity of lamellar phase was affected by temperature (5.1 ± 1.4 kPa·s at 25 °C and 0.12 ± 0.001 Pa·s at 35 °C, respectively), the cubic phase shown no changes in viscosity values and shear thinning behaviour at both temperatures and even in presence of the drug The degradation kinetic of drug-loaded cubic phase was slightly slower than the empty formulation, recording 27.92 ± 1.43% and 33.30 ± 3.11% of weight loss after 8 h. Ex vivo studies conducted on porcine eyeballs and isolated cornea confirmed the instantaneous transition to cubic phase, its ability to resist to gravity force, and forced dripping of simulated tear fluid. Histopathological investigation showed how treated cornea did not report changes in epithelial and stroma structures. In summary, lyotropic liquid crystals could represent an advantageous ophthalmic drug delivery system.
Finite element-based feasibility study on utilizing heat flux sensors for early detection of vascular graft infections
Authors: Vehusheia Signe Lin Kuei , Roman Cosmin , Sonderegger Rafael , Cesarovic Nikola , Hierold Christofer
Published: September 2023

Aortic vascular graft infections have high morbidity and mortality rate, however, patients often do not show symptoms. Continuous implant surface monitoring will allow for early detection of infections on implant surfaces, which allows for antibiotic treatment prior to biofilm formation. We explore the possibility of using heat flux sensors mounted on an aortic vascular graft to sense the localized heat production at the onset of infectious growth. We apply Finite Element Model simulations to demonstrate changes of the heat transfer coefficient depending on different pulsatile flow parameters. We determine various differences, the main influence being the distance travelled from the inlet of the simulation with the highest heat transfer coefficient closest to the inlet and decreasing along the direction of travel of the fluid. The determined range of heat transfer coefficients of 200 to 4800 W/m2 was applied to a second simulation of the thermal environment of the implant. We determined the heat transfer efficiency of the aortic graft system depending on different graft materials and thicknesses. We are further able to determine that the early detection of infection is possible by comparing the simulated amount of heat flux produced locally with the resolution of a commercial heat flux sensor.
Negative pressure wound therapy promotes wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers by up-regulating PRDX2 in wound margin tissue
Authors: Tang Ying , Liu Lei , Jie Ruyan , Tang Yizhong , Zhao Xiaotong , Xu Murong , Chen Mingwei
Published: September 2023

To understand the changes in the peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) expression level in the wound margin tissue (T-PRDX2) of patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) before and after negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Additionally, the study aimed to explore the association between PRDX2 expression and the treatment outcome of DFUs to provide a new theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of NPWT promoting the healing of DFUs. Fifty-six type 2 diabetes patients with foot ulcers undergoing NPWT (the DFU group) and 28 patients with chronic lower limb skin ulcers with normal glucose tolerance undergoing NPWT (the skin ulcer control [SUC] group) were included in the study. T-PRDX2 was detected using Western blotting, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were detected using a biochemical method. In addition, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the effect of PRDX2 expression on normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Before NPWT, the DFU group exhibited a significantly lower T-PRDX2 expression level compared with the SUC group. After one week of NPWT, the T-PRDX2 expression level, SOD activity, and GSH content in the wound margin tissues of the DFU and SUC groups significantly increased compared with the before NPWT levels. Conversely, the inflammatory indicators (white blood cell, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin) and MDA content were significantly lower than the before NPWT levels. The expression changes of T-PRDX2 before and after NPWT in the DFU and SUC groups were positively correlated with the 4-week wound healing rate. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PRDX2 could alleviate the oxidative stress in NHDFs, thereby promoting their proliferation and migration, while reducing cell apoptosis. NPWT promotes DFU healing by increasing T-PRDX2, and changes in the T-PRDX2 might be associated with the therapeutic effect of NPWT.
Expanding mammography screening for women aged 40–80 years: evidence from a modeling approach using real-world data
Authors: Hölzel Dieter , Halfter Kathrin , Schubert-Fritschle Gabriele , Engel Jutta
Published: September 2023

If a mammography screening program (MS) is to be expanded, the benefit must be demonstrated for each additional age cohort. For the age interval between 40 and 80 years, the association between tumor-related and tumor-independent mortality of 21 2-year cohorts is modeled using up-to-date, valid data to determine MS outcome. Disease trajectories with and without biennial MS are extrapolated for each age cohort using the available data and knowledge on MS. The competing mortality is randomly generated for each age cohort with and without MS for a follow-up period of 20 years. Analyses of the modeled cohorts describe incremental change for each year, quantifying the changing benefits of MS. With increasing age, the proportion of tumor-independent mortality before and with metastatic disease increases and the benefit decreases. The simulations with 21 studies on the age interval 40–80 years provide four parameters to determine the benefits and costs of MS: The number of prevented deaths, required mammography screening exams (MSE) and their costs, life-years gained, and the required MSEs. If one additional MSE is offered for age groups 48/70 years, this will result in 311/320 prevented breast cancer (BC) deaths with 1742/1494 required MSEs or 8784/4168 life-years gained with 64/140 required MSEs. A rational cutoff cannot be quantified. The mortality effect of MS between 40 and 80 years is quantified in 21 steps using two metrics, number of MSEs per tumor-related mortality prevented and per life-year gained. This provides a decision support for stepwise expansions. Given this real-world evidence no rational age cutoffs for MS becomes evident. A society has to decide which MS costs, including side effects of MS for women who remain BC-free, it is willing and able to accept in order to reduce breast cancer mortality.
Modeling long-distance airborne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza carried by dust particles
Authors: Nguyen X. D. , Zhao Y. , Lin J. , Purswell J. L. , Tabler T. , Voy B. , Hawkins S. , Evans J. D.
Published: September 2023

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is continuously causing significant economic losses with massive poultry depopulations. Airborne transmission of HPAI was suspected, as initial bird mortalities were reported near air inlets of poultry houses. In addition, infected farms were distant, indicating that the viruses carried by dust particles might help the viruses travel for long distances in the environment. The objective of this study focused on simulating the airborne transmission of HPAI by using computational modeling to assess the risk of airborne and deposited avian influenza (AI) carried by poultry-litter dust particles. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) modeling was used in this study. Data from 168 infected cases in the Mid-Western area of U.S. were obtained from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and Watt Poultry. The concentration simulation modeling was performed to estimate the airborne and deposited AI concentration carried by PM2.5 dust particles. Results showed that concentrations of airborne AI, deposited AI, and combined AI transmitted to other farms in a day were lower than the minimal infective dose for poultry. In most of the scenarios, the predicted probability of infection showed that Iowa-infected farms and turkey poultry houses had the highest infection probability. The findings may provide an understanding of the risk of airborne HPAI virus carried by dust particles and suggest the factors that influence long-distance airborne transmission.
Application of Pt@ZIF-8 nanocomposite-based electrochemical biosensor for sensitive diagnosis of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease patients
Authors: Chakari-Khiavi Forough , Mirzaie Arezoo , Khalilzadeh Balal , Yousefi Hadi , Abolhasan Rozita , Kamrani Amin , Pourakbari Ramin , Shahpasand Koorosh , Yousefi Mehdi , Rashidi Mohammad-Reza
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder characterized by the ongoing decline of brain functions. Studies have revealed the detrimental effects of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein fibrils in AD pathogenesis, highlighting the importance of this factor in the early-stage detection of AD conditions. We designed an electrochemical immunosensor for quantitative detection of the cis conformation of the p-tau protein (cis-p-tau) employing platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) supported on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) for modifying the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Under optimum conditions, the immunosensor selectively and sensitively detected cis-p-tau within the broad linear range of 1 fg mL−1 to 10 ng mL−1 and the low limit of detection (LOD) of 1 fg mL−1 with desired reproducibility and stability. Furthermore, the fabricated immunosensor's performance was examined for the cis-p-tau analysis in the serum of AD patients, indicating its accuracy and feasibility for real-sample analysis. Notably, this is the first application of Pt@ZIF-8 nanocomposite in fabricating a valid immunosensor for selective cis-p-tau detection, even in the presence of trans-p-tau. It is worth mentioning that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reference technique is not able to evaluate pico- or femtomolar concentrations of cis-p-tau, making the fabricated immunosensor superior for early-stage measurement and screening of AD.
Radiation-induced lattice relaxation in $$\alpha $$-Fe$$_2$$O$$_3$$ nanorods
Authors: Khalil Ahmad M. , Abdelaal Saad , Abdelhady A. M. , Abou-Salem L. I. , Shash N. M. , Elmaghraby Elsayed K.
Published: September 2023

We report radiation-induced lattice relaxation of the $$\alpha $$
α
-Fe$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

and its associated alteration of particle morphology. The $$\alpha $$
α
-Fe$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

was grown in solution by microwave hydrothermal synthesis technique in which more than half of the synthesized material was nanorods with axis along the (001) direction. Five sets of the synthesized $$\alpha $$
α
-Fe$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

samples were irradiated using gamma-ray from $$^{60}$$

60

Co cell with doses of 600 kGy, 700 kGy, 800 kGy, 900 kGy, and 1 MGy. The investigation of the pristine and gamma-irradiated samples was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and electron paramagnetic resonance methods. Results showed that continuous alternation of radiation-induced lattice compression and expansion causes lattice relaxation. The morphology of the $$\alpha $$
α
-Fe$$_2$$

2

O$$_3$$

3

nanorods was found to change with absorbed dose into buckyball-shaped particles in response to the alternation of the compression and expansion strain. The EPR results showed a correlation between distortion in the $$O_h$$

O
h

–$$FeO_6$$

F
e

O
6

octahedron structure and the relaxation of the lattice. The synthesis, growth, and relaxation are discussed in detail.
Fetal abdominal obesity and the ensuing adverse perinatal outcomes in older obese pregnant women with or without obesity and with normal glucose tolerance
Authors: Kim Wonjin , Park Soo Kyung , Kim Yoo Lee
Published: September 2023

To investigate whether the increased risk of fetal abdominal obesity (FAO) is present in the older (≥ 35 years) and/or obese (≥ body mass index 25 kg/m2) women with normal glucose tolerance, we reviewed medical record of 6721 singleton pregnancy. At 24–28 gestational weeks (GW), fetal abdominal overgrowth was assessed by the fetal abdominal overgrowth ratios (FAORs) of the ultrasonographically estimated gestational age (GA) of abdominal circumference per actual GA by the last menstruation period, estimated GA of biparietal diameter or femur length, respectively. FAO was defined as FAOR ≥ 90th percentile. Compared to young and non-obese women, older women showed significantly higher FAORs irrespective of obesity and the prevalence of FAO in older and non-obese women was significantly higher (11.8% vs. 8.6%, p < 0.05). The odds ratio for large for gestational age at birth were 3.06(1.96–4.77, p < 0.005), 1.47(1.16–1.86, p < 0.005) and 2.82(1.64–4.84, p < 0.005) in young and obese, older and non-obese, and older and obese women, respectively. The odds ratio for primary cesarean delivery in older and non-obese women was 1.33 (1.18–1.51, p < 0.005). An increased risk of FAO at 24–28 GW and subsequent adverse perinatal outcomes have been observed in the older women with or without obesity, compared to younger and non-obese women, despite normal glucose tolerance.
The bisphosphonates alendronate and zoledronate induce adaptations of aerobic metabolism in permanent human endothelial cells
Authors: Budzinska Adrianna , Galganski Lukasz , Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa
Published: September 2023

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs), compounds that are widely used in the treatment of bone disorders, may cause side effects related to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of chronic 6-day exposure to two common bone-preserving drugs, alendronate and zoledronate, on endothelial function and oxidative metabolism of cultured human endothelial cells (EA.hy926). NBPs reduced cell viability, induced oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state and downregulated the prenylation-dependent ERK1/2 signaling pathway in endothelial cells. In addition, NBPs induced increased anaerobic respiration and slightly increased oxidative mitochondrial capacity, affecting mitochondrial turnover through reduced mitochondrial fission. Moreover, by blocking the mevalonate pathway, NBPs caused a significant decrease in the level of coenzyme Q10, thereby depriving endothelial cells of an important antioxidant and mitochondrial electron carrier. This resulted in increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and impairment of mitochondrial respiratory function. A general decrease in mitochondrial respiration occurred with stronger reducing fuels (pyruvate and glutamate) in NBP-treated intact endothelial cells, and significantly reduced phosphorylating respiration was observed during the oxidation of succinate and especially malate in NBP-treated permeabilized endothelial cells. The observed changes in oxidative metabolism caused a decrease in ATP levels and an increase in oxygen levels in NBP-treated cells. Thus, NBPs modulate the energy metabolism of endothelial cells, leading to alterations in the cellular energy state, coenzyme Q10 redox balance, mitochondrial respiratory function, and mitochondrial turnover.
Systematic review of machine learning in PTSD studies for automated diagnosis evaluation
Authors: Wu Yuqi , Mao Kaining , Dennett Liz , Zhang Yanbo , Chen Jie
Published: September 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is frequently underdiagnosed due to its clinical and biological heterogeneity. Worldwide, many people face barriers to accessing accurate and timely diagnoses. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been utilized for early assessments and outcome prediction to address these challenges. This paper aims to conduct a systematic review to investigate if ML is a promising approach for PTSD diagnosis. In this review, statistical methods were employed to synthesize the outcomes of the included research and provide guidance on critical considerations for ML task implementation. These included (a) selection of the most appropriate ML model for the available dataset, (b) identification of optimal ML features based on the chosen diagnostic method, (c) determination of appropriate sample size based on the distribution of the data, and (d) implementation of suitable validation tools to assess the performance of the selected ML models. We screened 3186 studies and included 41 articles based on eligibility criteria in the final synthesis. Here we report that the analysis of the included studies highlights the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in PTSD diagnosis. However, implementing AI-based diagnostic systems in real clinical settings requires addressing several limitations, including appropriate regulation, ethical considerations, and protection of patient privacy.
Manipulating charge-transfer kinetics and a flow-domain LiF-rich interphase to enable high-performance microsized silicon–silver–carbon composite anodes for solid-state batteries
Authors: Han Xiang , Gu Lanhui , Sun Zhefei , Chen Minfeng , Zhang Yinggan , Luo Linshan , Xu Min , Chen Songyan , Liu Haodong , Wan Jiayu , He Yan-Bing , Chen Jizhang , Zhang Qiaobao
Published: September 2023

A high-capacity and durable PS–Ag–C composite anode in combination with a PVDF-HEP/LATP solid-state electrolyte has been successfully designed and fabricated, demonstrating boosted electrochemical performance for solid-state batteries.
Recent status, key strategies and challenging perspectives of fast-charging graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Shi Haodong , Wu Zhong-Shuai
Published: September 2023

The fast-charging technology of graphite anode has a great significance for developing electric vehicle. This review summarizes the current advancements and challenging perspectives of graphite anode for achieving fast-charging lithium-ion batteries.
Good's buffer based highly biocompatible ionic liquid modified PLGA nanoparticles for the selective uptake in cancer cells
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Dasanayake Gaya S. , Chism Claylee M. , Vashisth Priyavrat , Kaur Amandeep , Misra Sandeep Kumar , Sharp Joshua S. , Tanner Eden E. L.
Published: September 2023

Schematic representation of preferential uptake of good's buffer-coated PLGA nanoparticles into human breast cancer cells. Created with biorender.com.
The growth history of local M 33-mass bulgeless spiral galaxies
Authors: Kang Xiaoyu , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Zhang Fenghui
Published: September 2023

NGC 7793, NGC 300, M 33, and NGC 2403 are four nearby undisturbed and bulgeless low-mass spiral galaxies whose morphology and stellar mass are similar. They are ideal laboratories for studying disc formation scenarios and the histories of stellar mass growth. We constructed a simple chemical evolution model by assuming that discs grow gradually with continuous metal-free gas infall and metal-enriched gas outflow. By means of the classical χ2 method, applied to the model predictions, the best combination of free parameters capable of reproducing the corresponding present-day observations was determined, that is, the radial dependence of the infall timescale τ = 0.1r/Rd + 3.4 Gyr (Rd is the disc scale length) and the gas outflow efficiency bout = 0.2. The model results agree excellently with the general predictions of the inside-out growth scenario for the evolution of spiral galaxies. About 80% of the stellar mass of NGC 7793 was assembled within the last 8 Gyr, and 40% of the mass was assembled within the last 4 Gyr. By comparing the best-fitting model results of the three other galaxies, we obtain similar results: 72% (NGC 300), 66% (NGC 2403), and 79% (M 33) of the stellar mass were assembled within the last ∼8 Gyr (i.e. z = 1). These four disc galaxies simultaneously increased their sizes and stellar masses in time, and they grew in size at ∼0.30 times the rate at which they grew in mass. The scale lengths of these four discs now are 20%–25% larger than at z = 1. Our best-fitting model predicted the stellar mass-metallicity relation and the metallicity gradients, constrained by the observed metallicities from HII-region emission line analysis, agree well with the observations measured from individual massive red and blue supergiant stars and population synthesis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies.
Pattern formation of the Cucker–Smale type kinetic models based on gradient flow
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Xue Xiaoping
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study the pattern formation of the Cucker–Smale type kinetic models. Two distributed Cucker–Smale type kinetic models for formation control are introduced based on gradient flow. We provide rigorous proof to prove that the above two kinetic models will achieve the desired position with the same velocity over a long time. In particular, the exponential convergence rate of the pattern formation on the corresponding particle models is obtained. Our analysis shows the gradient flow structure of the velocity field is important for establishing the convergence rate results of distributed control kinetic models. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to illustrate our theoretical results.
Narbenpflege: Unterstützen Sie den Heilungsprozess Ihrer Haut
Authors: Rathay Uwe
Published: September 2023

Eine Narbe entsteht als Teil des natürlichen Heilungsprozesses der Haut nach Verletzungen oder Operationen. Obwohl es unmöglich ist, Narben vollständig zu vermeiden, können Sie selbst aktiv dazu beitragen, dass die Narben unauffälliger werden und sich besser an Ihre Haut anpassen. Die richtige Narbenpflege ist ein wichtiger Schritt auf dem Weg zur optimalen Heilung.
Prüfungsthema: Invasiv
Authors: Schmid Eva C
Published: September 2023

Liebe Heilpraktikeranwärter – mit diesen Karteikarten wollen wir Sie bei der Vorbereitung auf die mündliche Heilpraktikerüberprüfung unterstützen. Viel Erfolg beim Lernen wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Construction of Migraine Knowledge Graph Based on Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of Integrative Medicine
Authors: Jiang Yanhua , Qiu Shiqing , Guo Zhuang , Ren Huiling , Li Xiaoying , Gao Dongping , Jing Zhiwei , Wang Junwen
Published: September 2023

Our objective was to transform the text data in migraine diagnosis and treatment guidelines into a visualized knowledge graph by using knowledge graph technology, visually display the clinical diagnosis and treatment process, and provide assistance for the standardization of diagnosis and treatment of migraine with integrative medicine.

Manual extraction, knowledge fusion, and standardization were performed on the text data in the migraine diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Combined with the clinical diagnosis and treatment process, the data of Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of migraine were visualized and stored through the Neo4j graph database.

A knowledge graph of Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of migraine including 616 entities and 615 entity relationships was constructed, which realized the visual display of the diagnosis and treatment process of integrative medicine for migraine including examination, diagnosis, and treatment.

Based on the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of migraine, this study visualized the diagnosis and treatment process of integrative medicine for migraine through knowledge graph technology, which is of great significance for the clinical implementation of relevant guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment and the standardization of integrative medicine diagnosis and treatment for the dominant diseases in Chinese medicine.
Histology and Histochemistry Study of Keloid Following Intralesional Steroid Injections
Authors: Ganguly Dr. A.C. , Bhattacharyya Dr. Aparna , Sanyal Dr. Sabitri , Ghose Dr. Parag , Roy Dr. Manimala , Roy Dr. Anup
Published: September 2023

In the present series, Intra keloidal injections of steriod are given to alleviate symptoms and to promote regression. The present study also highlights natural history of keloids, results after intrakeloidal injection of hydrocortisone and histochemical changes in the keloid after the injection therapy.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Child of 6 Years- (A Case Report)
Authors: Kumar Dr. Amarendra , Verma Dr. P.K.
Published: September 2023

A male child, 6 years old, presented with a swelling of over 1 year duration on the scalp. Swelling had gradually increased in size and had ulcerated. There was sanguinous discharge off and on from the lesion.
Burn Wound Dressing
Authors: Bhivapurkar Dr. Rajan , Dongre Dr. Anand
Published: September 2023

An alternative technique of wound dressing as compared to conventionally used dressing technique is described.
Orbital Varix and Its Surgical Correction - A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Dr. P.K. , Shukla Dr. B. , Tripathi Dr. B.M. , Malik Dr. R.
Published: September 2023

A Young patient presented with left unilateral proptosis and Orbital venography was suggestive of orbital vari on left side. An easy and effective operative procedure was planned. The superficial veins around orbit were ligated. Result was acceptable and without complications. This proved an effective and simple approach as against trans-cranial or orbital approach for surgical removal of vari.
Hegemonic orders and the idea of history
Authors: McKeil Aaron
Published: September 2023

This article makes the case that the literature of hegemonic orders and debates on the crisis of US hegemony have been shaped and up to a point intellectually confined by a tradition or idea of world history understood as a series of hegemonic powers. This tradition of history as a succession of hegemonic powers is traced from ancient to modern sources, later reconstituted as a theoretical discourse. In drawing attention to the historical traditions underpinning this literature, these findings contribute to advancing the historiography of International Relations and to studying the role of multiple contemporaneous histories in the emerging international order.
Using simulations to predict future disease outbreaks
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: September 2023

Experimenting with outbreak scenarios and strategies through simulations can aid public health responses.
Device physics recipe to make spiking neurons
Authors: Bisquert Juan
Published: September 2023

Neurons, which are made of biological tissue, exhibit cognitive properties that can be replicated in various material substrates. To create brain-inspired computational artificial systems, we can construct microscopic electronic neurons that mimic natural systems. In this paper, we discuss the essential material and device properties needed for a spiking neuron, which can be characterized using impedance spectroscopy and small perturbation equivalent circuit elements. We find that the minimal neuron system requires a capacitor, a chemical inductor, and a negative resistance. These components can be integrated naturally in the physical response of the device, instead of built from separate circuit elements. We identify the structural conditions for smooth oscillations that depend on certain dynamics of a conducting system with internal state variables. These state variables can be of diverse physical nature, such as properties of fluids, electronic solids, or ionic organic materials, implying that functional neurons can be built in various ways. We highlight the importance of detecting the Hopf bifurcation, a critical point in achieving spiking behavior, through spectral features of the impedance. To this end, we provide a systematic method of analysis in terms of the critical characteristic frequencies that can be obtained from impedance methods. Thus, we propose a methodology to quantify the physical and material properties of devices to produce the dynamic properties of neurons necessary for specific sensory-cognitive tasks. By replicating the essential properties of biological neurons in electronic systems, it may be possible to create brain-inspired computational systems with enhanced capabilities in information processing, pattern recognition, and learning. Additionally, understanding the physical and material properties of neurons can contribute to our knowledge of how biological neurons function and interact in complex neural networks. Overall, this paper presents a novel approach toward building brain-inspired artificial systems and provides insight into the important material and device considerations for achieving spiking behavior in electronic neurons.
Coordinated wind power plant and battery control for active power services
Authors: Sinner Michael , Spyrou Evangelia , Bay Christopher J. , King Jennifer , Corbus David
Published: September 2023

This article considers joint active power control of wind turbines and battery storage to follow a plant-level power reference signal. The joint control dynamically curtails the energy from a subset of the wind turbines and stores or withdraws energy from the battery to meet the power reference setpoint while accounting for wind plant aerodynamic interactions, such as wake losses. As a use case, we study the performance of the controller in maintaining a constant power output over hourly periods. A wind plant operating in this way would rely much less on other grid resources to meet its contractual agreements, thereby improving grid reliability, especially in grids with high penetration of wind and solar generation. We compare the operation of the wind plant under joint active power control to standard power-maximizing control with battery support. We present an analysis of the performance of the control system architecture. To study the impact of the battery size on performance, we simulate a 50-MW wind plant supported by batteries ranging from 8 to 64 MWh. We then evaluate the over and undergeneration penalties incurred by the plant during the simulation period.
Electronic structure study of H3BXH3 (X═B, N and P) as hydrogen storage materials using calculated NMR and XPS spectra
Authors: Wang Feng , Chong Delano P.
Published: September 2023

Boron-based materials have been used for hydrogen storage applications owing to their high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen density. The present study quantum mechanically investigates the electronic structures of three compounds: diborane (DB, B2H6), ammonia borane (AB, H3BNH3) and phosphine borane (PB, H3BPH3). The exploration is facilitated using calculated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts, together with outer valence ionisation potentials (IP) and core electron binding energy (CEBE). The findings show a distinct electronic structure for diborane, differing notably from AB and PB, which exhibit certain similarities. Noteworthy dissimilarities are observed in the chemical environments of the bridge hydrogens and terminal hydrogens in diborane, resulting in a substantial chemical shift difference of up to 5.31 ppm. Conversely, in AB and PB, two distinct sets of hydrogens emerge: protic hydrogens (Hp–N and Hp–P) and hydridic hydrogens (Hh–B). This leads to chemical shifts as small as 0.42 ppm in AB and as significant as 3.0 ppm in PB. The absolute isotropic NMR shielding constant (σB) of 11B in DB is 85.40 ppm, in contrast to 126.21 ppm in AB and 151.46 ppm in PB. This discrepancy indicates that boron in PB has the most robust chemical environment among the boranes. This assertion finds support in the calculated CEBE for B 1s of 196.53, 194.01 and 193.93 eV for DB, AB and PB respectively. It is clear that boron in PB is the most reactive atom. Ultimately, understanding the chemical environment of the boranes is pivotal in the context of dehydrogenation processes for boron-based hydrogen storage materials.
Intrinsic disorder and conformational coexistence in auxin coreceptors
Authors: Ramans-Harborough Sigurd , Kalverda Arnout P. , Manfield Iain W. , Thompson Gary S. , Kieffer Martin , Uzunova Veselina , Quareshy Mussa , Prusinska Justyna M. , Roychoudhry Suruchi , Hayashi Ken-ichiro , Napier Richard , Genio Charo del , Kepinski Stefan
Published: September 2023

AUXIN/INDOLE 3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) transcriptional repressor proteins and the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) proteins to which they bind act as auxin coreceptors. While the structure of TIR1 has been solved, structural characterization of the regions of the Aux/IAA protein responsible for auxin perception has been complicated by their predicted disorder. Here, we use NMR, CD and molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the N-terminal domains of the Aux/IAA protein IAA17/AXR3. We show that despite the conformational flexibility of the region, a critical W–P bond in the core of the Aux/IAA degron motif occurs at a strikingly high (1:1) ratio ofcistotransisomers, consistent with the requirement of thecisconformer for the formation of the fully-docked receptor complex. We show that the N-terminal half of AXR3 is a mixture of multiple transiently structured conformations with a propensity for two predominant and distinct conformational subpopulations within the overall ensemble. These two states were modeled together with the C-terminal PB1 domain to provide the first complete simulation of an Aux/IAA. Using MD to recreate the assembly of each complex in the presence of auxin, both structural arrangements were shown to engage with the TIR1 receptor, and contact maps from the simulations match closely observations of NMR signal-decreases. Together, our results and approach provide a platform for exploring the functional significance of variation in the Aux/IAA coreceptor family and for understanding the role of intrinsic disorder in auxin signal transduction and other signaling systems.
Effect of curvature on bilayer thickness of liposome suspensions in water
Authors: Pal Ankush , Khakhar Devang , Ray Debes , Aswal Vinod K
Published: September 2023

The bilayer thickness of different sizes of SOPC lipid liposomes is measured using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) at 30 °C and a model is developed to estimate the bilayer thickness of liposome based on its diameter. Three different sizes of liposome suspensions are prepared by extruding the suspension through 30 nm, 100 nm, and 200 nm membrane pore sizes. The bilayer thickness of liposomes is measured for these suspensions using small-angle neutron scattering and the results show a slight reduction in bilayer thickness as liposome size increases. The average diameter of liposomes in these extruded suspensions varies from 59 nm to 109 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering. A model is developed that calculates the bilayer thickness depending on the diameter of the liposome. The model shows a decrease in bilayer thickness as liposome size increases. However, the calculated bilayer thickness drops to a very small extent with the increase in liposome diameter. We also study the effect of the addition of ethanol on the bilayer thickness of liposomes. SANS measurements find that the bilayer thickness of liposomes decreases after adding ethanol to liposome suspensions. The decrease in bilayer thickness in ethanol is of similar extent for various sizes of liposomes and it reduces by 12%–15% at a concentration of 20 vol% ethanol.
A promising optoelectronic and thermoelectric response of full Heusler Na2TlX (X = Bi, Sb) alloys: a DFT approach
Authors: Ain Qurat ul , Qaid Saif M H , Yousaf Masood , Alkadi Muath , Iqbal Abu Bakar , Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Ali , Munir Junaid
Published: September 2023

The energy conversion efficiency is one of the attributes that make Heusler alloys an extraordinary candidate for thermoelectric applications. In this paper, we have examined the electronic structure, elastic, optical and transport characteristics of full Heusler Na2TlX (X = Bi, Sb) alloys using DFT. The electronic properties are analyzed by utilizing modified Becke Johnson (mBJ) potential. The negative formation energies and optimization results reveal the stable phases of both alloys. The electronic properties exposed the semiconductor nature of both alloys. The elastic stability is obtained from various elastic parameters. The optical response of these alloys has been studied in depth by evaluating the real and imaginary dielectric functions, optical loss, refractive index and absorption coefficient. Furthermore, the thermoelectric properties are computed, which demonstrate the high electrical conductivity, Seebeck and ZT values for both alloys. The above computed attributes favor the use of studied alloys in green energy and optoelectronic applications.
Photo-induced flexible semiconductor CdSe/CdS quantum rods alignment
Authors: Zhang Wanlong , Schneider Julian , Prodanov Maksym F. , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Rogach Andrey L. , Yuan Xiaocong , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: September 2023

The anisotropic absorption and emission from semiconductor CdSe/CdS quantum rods (QRs) provide extra benefits among other photoluminescence nanocrystals. Using photo-induced alignment technique, the QRs can be oriented in liquid crystal polymer matrix at a large scale. In this article, a 2D Dammann grating pattern, within “SKL” characters domains aligned QRs in composite film, was fabricated by multi-step photo exposure using several photo masks, and a continuous geometric lens profile pattern aligned QRs was realized by the single step polarization converting holographic irradiation method. Both polarized optical microscope and fluorescence microscope are employed to determine the liquid crystal director profiles and QRs anisotropic excitation properties. We have been able to orient the QRs in fine binary and continuous patterns that confirms the strong quantum rod aligning ability of the proposed method. Thus, the proposed approach paves a way for photo-induced flexible QRs alignments to provide a highly specific and difficult-to-replicate security application at a large scale.
Analysis of signal waveform from a midsize liquid argon detector
Authors: Zhao K.K. , Guan M.Y. , Liu J.C. , Yang C.G. , Lin S.T.
Published: September 2023

The midsize single-phase liquid argon prototype detector,
operating at the surface laboratory, is designed to measure
scintillation light emitted by the liquid argon (LAr). The detector
employs 42 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMT) to collect the
light. By analyzing the waveform of the signal, important detector
characteristics such as the slow decay time constant that
characterizes the purity of the liquid argon can be obtained. To
describe the signal waveform, a model, which takes into account the
liquid argon emission decay times together with the TPB re-emission
process as well as the signal reflection effects, is used. The TPB
re-emission process is introduced using a three-exponential time
structure. Additionally, experimental results provide comprehensive
validation for a post-peak hump structure, which is attributed to
signal reflection.
One-loop beta-functions of quartic enhanced tensor field theories
Authors: Ben Geloun Joseph , Toriumi Reiko
Published: September 2023

Enhanced tensor field theories (eTFTs) have dominant graphs that differ from the melonic diagrams of conventional tensor field theories. They therefore describe pertinent candidates to escape the so-called branched polymer phase, the universal geometry found for tensor models. For generic order d of the tensor field, we compute the perturbative β-functions at one-loop of two just-renormalizable quartic eTFT coined by + or ×, depending on their vertex weights. The models + has two quartic coupling constants

(
λ
,

λ

+

)

, and two 2-point couplings (mass, Za
). Meanwhile, the model × has two quartic coupling constants

(
λ
,

λ

×

)

and three 2-point couplings (mass, Za
,

Z

2
a

). At all orders, both models have a constant wave function renormalization: Z = 1 and therefore no anomalous dimension. Despite such peculiar behavior, both models acquire nontrivial radiative corrections for the coupling constants. The RG flow of the model + exhibits a particular asymptotic safety:

λ

+

is marginal without corrections thus is a fixed point of arbitrary constant value. All remaining couplings determine relevant directions and get suppressed in the UV. Concerning the model ×,

λ

×

is marginal and again a fixed point (arbitrary constant value), λ, µ and Za
are all relevant couplings and flow to 0. Meanwhile

Z

2
a

is a marginal coupling and becomes a linear function of the time scale. This model can neither be called asymptotically safe or free.
Growth Responses of Ten Soybean (Glycine max L.Merril). Genotypes on Trichoderma sp. Application in Suboptimal Land
Authors: Suryawati A , Lagiman  , Widayanto B
Published: September 2023

The obstacles that cause soybean productivity to decline are due to fierce competition in land use with other commodities that are also strategic, such as corn and chili. This also has an impact on the decrease in crop area by about 5% per year, higher than the projected soybean productivity which increases by 2% per year. In addition, soybean harvested land is also widely diverted to the non-agricultural sector due to economic demands and the rate of population growth. One of the efforts to overcome competition in land use through the use of suboptimal land i.e beach sand for soybean planting. The general purpose of this research is to obtain the growth responses of ten soybean genotypes on Trichoderma sp.application, in Samas beach sand, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia in May-July 2022. The research method is Split Plot Design in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 blocks. As the main plot, there are two doses of Trichoderma sp. consisting of T1 = 0.3 kg / plot, and T2 = 0.6 kg / plot. As the sub plot are the ten of soybean genotype namely: G1 = Dena 2; G2 = Argomulyo; G3 = Grobogan; G4 = Dena-1; G5 = Gepok Kuning; G6 =Dega 2; G7=Devon 1; G8= Anjasmoro G9= Demas 1 and G10=Dega 1 The data were analyzed using analysis of variance at α=5% followed by Duncan test at signification level α = 5%. The results showed that there was no interaction between Trichoderma sp and ten soybean genotypes on all variables. Plant height at 21 and 35 days after planting and stem diameter at 21 days after planting for soybean genotype of Dena, Gepok Kuning and Demas 1 had smaller than another genotypes, but they were not significant at 49 days after planting. Dose of Trichoderma sp 0,3kg/plot and 0.6 kg/plot had the same effect on all variables, it also protected the plants from desease.
Optimization of Mustard Pakcoy Growth: The Influence of Media Composition and Coconut Water Concentration
Authors: Ramadhani M F , Prihatiningrum A E , Abror M.
Published: September 2023

This research aimed to investigate the effect of different media compositions and varying coconut water concentrations on the growth and yield of mustard pakcoy (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis). The study was conducted in Modong Village, Sidoarjo Regency, with further laboratory analysis at the Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. The experimental design followed a Randomized Block Design (RAK) in a factorial arrangement with two primary factors (media composition and coconut water concentration) and four replications. While no significant interaction was observed between the media composition and the coconut water concentration, independent effects of each factor were notable. The media composition significantly influenced the leaf count at 7, 28, and 35 days after planting (DAP) and the wet weight at 35 DAP. The optimum media composition included 2 kg of topsoil, 90 g of goat manure, and 45 g of rice husk charcoal per polybag, which resulted in the highest leaf count and wet weight. Additionally, coconut water concentration significantly affected the stem diameter at 35 DAP, with a concentration of 100 ml per liter of water yielding the maximum stem diameter. The findings imply potential growth optimization strategies for mustard pakcoy, enhancing yields via targeted alterations in growing media and the use of coconut water, which could be of international interest to agronomists, horticultural scientists, and sustainable agriculture practitioners.
Enhanced Melon Cultivation: An Application of Hydroponic Nutrient Formulation for Superior Yield and Quality
Authors: Supriyanta B , Florestiyanto M Y , Widowati I
Published: September 2023

This study, conducted from June to September 2022 in greenhouse CV. Agroniaga, aimed to enhance melon (Cucumis melo L.) productivity and quality using superior seed varieties and a hydroponic system. Utilizing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the experiment examined two melon varieties, Dalmatian (G1) and Sweet D25 (G2), under four nutrient formulations: F1 (vegetative and generative N3), F2 (vegetative, generative 1a and 2a), F3 (vegetative, generative 1b and 2b), and F4 (leaf goodplant, fruit goodplant). Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. The results indicated that the F3 nutrient formulation, with specific nitrate, ammonium, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations at different growth stages, achieved high-quality melons with enhanced productivity. These findings hold significant implications for horticultural practices, promoting a sustainable, efficient strategy for superior melon cultivation and potentially contributing to the economic development in the sector.
Terra Rossa Soil as an Adsorbent to Remove Hexavalent Chromium in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Mulyanto D , Munawar A , Widodo R A
Published: September 2023

Kaolinite is a phyllosilicate clay of type 1:1 which is usually associated with iron oxides in nature. The clay is abundant in Terra Rossa soils which is located in the Gunungkidul, karst area. Based on the structure and nature of it’s the charge, it has the potential to adsorb anionic heavy metals, especially hexavalent chromium. Heavy metal chromium in the form of hexavalent is very dangerous for human health and the metal is mostly produced from the waste of leather tanning factories that are widely available in Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using Terra Rossa soil as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. The experiment was carried out by mixing the adsorbent with a dose of: 1 – 4.5 grams of fine soil, Φ 0.5 mm into a 50 ml solution containing 10 ppm chromium with pH 5 and 3. Stirred at 200 rpm for 2 hours, then centrifuged 3500 rpm for 20 minutes. The filtrate was given phosphoric acid and diphenyl carbazide and then measured using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 540 nm. The results showed that the average percentage of chromium removal at pH 5 = 30%, while pH 3 = 49%. The adsorbent absorption (mg/g) decreased in line with increasing adsorbent dose. Absorption graphs of Freundlich and Langmuir models in pH3 solution show R2=0.9264 and 0.9361 respectively, while in pH5 solution the R2 values are 0.3752 and 0.3461, respectively. Adsorption capacity according to Freundlich = 1.7331 mg/g, while according to Langmuir = 5.28 mg/g with adsorption site affinity 0.1894 L/mol.