bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model of Cloud-Based Services for Data Mining Analysis
Authors: Karadimce Aleksandar
Published: November 2015

New cloud-based services are being developed constantly in order to meet the need for faster, reliable and scalable methods for knowledge discovery. The major benefit of the cloud-based services is the efficient execution of heavy computation algorithms in the cloud simply by using Big Data storage and processing platforms. Therefore, we have proposed a model that provides data mining techniques as cloud-based services that are available to users on their demand. The widely known data mining algorithms have been implemented as Map/Reduce jobs that are been executed as services in cloud architecture. The user simply chooses or uploads the dataset to the cloud, makes appropriate settings for the data mining algorithm, executes the job request to be processed and receives the results. The major benefit of this model of cloud-based services is the efficient execution of heavy computation data mining algorithm in the cloud simply by using the Ankus - Open Source Big Data Mining Tool and StarfishHadoop Log Analyzer. The expected outcome of this research is to offer the integration of the cloud-based services for data mining analysis in order to provide researchers with reliable collaborative data mining analysis model.
A Smart Algorithm for USE-Cases Production Based on Name Entity Recognition
Authors: Al Hashemi Rafeeq , Al-Jaafreh Moha’med , Al-Ramadin Tahseen , Al Dmour Ayman
Published: November 2015

Use case analysis is a common technique used to ascertain the functional requirements of a software system. A use case diagram is a kind of Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram created for use case analysis. Creating effective use cases can be a determining factor in building a system that meets users' needs. However, writing use cases is a difficult and time-consuming process, requiring the user to manually fill out a form or write text in a specific, pre-stipulated format. Many students lack the technical knowhow to do this. Our research offers a software solution that resolves this issue. By combining natural language algorithms, such as Part Of Speech (POS) and Name Entity recognition (NE), with a set of grammatical rules created and implemented as a Finite State Machine (FSM), our system extracts the relevant items from the text and automatically translates the plain or unstructured text into a structured one.  The paper has been tested on standard examples with excellent results.
Listing in Special Corporate Governance Trading Segments and Accuracy of Analysts’ Forecasts in Brazil
Authors: Dumer Miguel Carlos Ramos , Martinez Antonio Lopo
Published: November 2015

The aim of this article is to investigate whether there is a relationship between being listed in a trading segment of the BM&FBovespa requiring enhanced corporate governance and the accuracy of analysts’ forecasts. For this purpose, besides a literature review to establish the dependent and independent variables, we obtained data on the earnings per share estimated by analysts from the I/B/E/S database of Thomson Reuters and the actual figures one year after the forecast from the Economática database. We then used panel data regression with robust fixed effect, covering a period of 20 quarters (2007-1 to 2011-4). The results did not reveal a significant statistical relationship between listing in one of the three special trading segments of the BM&FBovespa and the accuracy of analysts’ forecasts. 
A Review on Determination and Future of the Predictive and Personalized Medicine
Authors: DOSAY-AKBULUT Mine
Published: November 2015

Medicine contents’ have extended to predictive, personalized, preventive and participatory medicine (P4). ‘Personalized medicine' focuses on the prediction of potential benefits or risks for individuals as possible as in detailed. Biomarker discovery, biocomputing and nanotechnology have opened a new horizon on ‘personalized medicine’ (including disease detection, diagnosis and therapy by using individual's molecular profile) and ‘predictive medicine’ (to predict disease development, progression and clinical outcome, by using the genetic and molecular information).

Personalized medicine can be applied to a lot of different areas. P4 medicine, based on use of marker-assisted diagnosis and targeted therapies, comes from an individual's molecular profile, will form a new way on drugs development and medicine administration. Genetic screening aimed to identify carrier and affected individuals in a particular population. Molecular diagnostic test, including genome-derived tests are getting more attention within the medicine with genotyping, RNA expression analyses, metabolic profiling, and other biomarkers. Genomics research has getting more attention on the biomedical research, translational science, and personalized medicine; divided into 3 main parts: 1) genomics to biology, 2) genomics to health, and 3) genomics to society.

We conducted a literature search via PubMed databases with using “personalized medicine”, and “application areas of P4” keywords, and summarized some of new studies.

Personalized medicine is described as an individualized treatment based on the individual's genetic variants. In other words, “for predicting health, preventing and preempting disease, and personalizing treatment depending on the each person’ unique biology", has a speedy improvement.
Modifying and Evaluating the Alexander-Govern Test Using Real Data
Authors: Kingsley Ochuko Tobi , Abdullah Suhaida , Binti Zain Zakiyah , Syed Soaad Yahaya Sharipah
Published: November 2015

This study examines the use of independent group test of comparing two or more means by using parametric method, such as the Alexander-Govern (AG) test. The Alexander-Govern test is used for comparing two or more groups and is a better alternative compared to the James test, the Welch test and the ANOVA. This test has a good control of Type I error rates and gives a high power under variance heterogeneity for a normal data, but it is not robust for non-normal data. As a result, trimmed mean was applied on the test under non-normal data for two group condition. But this test could not control the Type I error rates, when the number of groups exceed two groups. As a result, the MOM estimator was introduced on the test, as its central tendency measure and is not influenced by the number of groups. But this estimator fails to give a good control of Type I error rates, under skewed heavy tailed distribution. In this study, the AGWMOM test was applied in Alexander-Govern test as its central tendency measure. To evaluate the capacity of the test, a real life data was used. Descriptive statistics, Tests of Normality and boxplots were used to determine the normality and non-normality of the independent groups. The results show that only the group middle is not normally distributed due extreme value in the data distribution. The results from the test statistic show that the AGWMOM test has a smaller p-value of 0.0000002869 that is less than 0.05, compared to the AG test that produced a p-value of 0.06982, that is greater than 0.05. Therefore, the AGWMOM test is considered to be significant, compared to the AG test.
Place Attachment Dimensions and Role Assessment in Modern Hospitals
Authors: Rohani Mohammadreza , Shaliamini Vahid
Published: November 2015

Hospitals play a significant role in people’s physical and psychological health, as well as medical and ducational researches of the experts. Therefore, hospitals’ importance is due to both health-care services and the educational effect. Many hospitals do not meet international standards due to oldness and inattention to space users. Based on the studies on place attachment, dimension, and effects, the paper attempts to promote place attachment in clinical spaces through creative exploration. Qualities such as place identity, emotional attachment, place dependence, social bonding, spatial behavior, and functional attachment are the research analysis criteria. The research methods is practical and descriptive-analytic evaluating the problem’s invisible horizons through a critical, objective, and concrete viewpoint and makes creative strategies and models possible which are responsive to different environmental dimensions especially human dimension. To study the criteria for valuation and space creation, the users and what they admire, associate, understand, and use and for which they have “sense of belonging” were also considered. The research results reveal that designing a modern hospital based on the promotion of place attachment results in the quick recovery of the patients, hospital staff’s job satisfaction, medical education improvement and also solutions to the enhancement of the environment quality of the hospital.
Design and Verification for Hypersonic Aerodynamic Model with Duct of Internal and External Flow Decoupling
Authors: Wang Zejiang , Song Wenping , Jiang Jin , Zhao Huiyong , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2015

In order to develop the design techniques for the hypersonic aerodynamic testing model with duct system of internal flow and external flow decoupling, this research used a circular cross section air-breathing hypersonic cruise vehicle model, explored the model design technique for internal flow and external flow separated from each other, the design technique and the seal technique for the clearance between the internal flow part and the external flow part, the design technique of ring type six-component strain-gauge balance and so on. A wind tunnel test was conducted at mach 6. The results of the test indicate that, the design of the internal flow and external flow decoupling test system is successful to get credible test data. It have been mastered that the key techniques for the test system design of internal flow and external flow decoupling.
Simultaneous Free Convection and Heat Generation on a Horizontal Isothermal Circular Cylinder
Authors: Sedighi Sajjad , Aghighi Mohammad Saeed
Published: November 2015

The linear boundary layer of the free flow around a circular horizontal cylinder with uniform surface temperature in the presence of heat generation was studied. Upon obtaining the non-dimensional boundary layer equations, the Runge-Kutta series method was used to solve the non-linear partial differential equations numerically. The surface shear stress results and surface heat rate were subsequently obtained in terms of the internal shell friction and the local Nusselt number respectively. The following heat generation parameters (C) were selected:  0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0. The following results were obtained: 1) increasing C led to a corresponding increase u, v , VM , and θ , 2) Increasing i led to a corresponding increase in u, v , and VM, and 3) increasing C increased velocity variations and, naturally, the value of Cf, and 4) increasing i from i=0 to i=100 led to a decrease in the Nusselt number (Nu). 
Foreign Direct Investment, Trade and Economic Growth: A New Paradigm of the BRICS
Authors: Prabhakar Akhilesh Chandra , Azam Muhammad , Bakhtyar B. , Ibrahim Yusnidah
Published: November 2015

The present study begins by surveying broadly supports the assertion that regional integration in the case of the BRICS is not adequately paid attention except with very few original or significant contributions. This research examines the existing pattern in the areas of trade and investment with a view to locate in the development context. It was also essential to make a theoretical investigation on literature of trade along with the empirical one. The survey broadly supports the frequent, through usually undocumented, assertion that BRICS was an area had tended to neglect and to which they had made few if any original or significant contributions. Alongside, this study panel data on BRICSs, where the results confirm that foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and economic growth indicate the presence of long-run sustainable equilibrium relationship between them. It is thus important that policymakers to remove obstacles to FDI inflows and improve the respective absorptive capacity in order to reap maximize positive growth effects. This study also discussed that how China performed well through attracting FDI inflows and maintained trade balance. 
The Impact of the Design of Hospitals on Hospital Hoteling, Healing Process and Medical Tourism
Authors: Abinama Arash , Jafari Masoud
Published: November 2015

The design of hospitals is extremely important; any person may spend a part of his life in a hospital. Considering human interaction with the environment, psychological aspects of design and their impact on the moods of inpatients and their companions and medical team ergonomics and performance, the process of designing hospitals becomes more complex. The design of operational spaces in hospitals lack appropriate and functional properties in this regard. This paper considers the studies on the role of architecture and appropriate design on increasing the quality of the hospital hoteling, patients’ satisfaction, life expectancy and improved healing process, considering the design of spaces for inpatients’ companion and medical team. Furthermore, considering the potential and capacity of admitting foreign patients in Iran, the impact of these factors on medical tourism is also investigated. The objective of the present research is applied and is descriptive/analytical that considered various aspects of the problem from different perspectives. The findings of the research show that implementing the above standards in designing hospitals leads to increased satisfaction, improvement in inpatient morale, speedy healing process, and more relaxed patients’ family and medical staff. In addition, the impacts of the above items will result in increased medical tourism.
A Olimpíada de Programação de Computadores para Estudantes do Ensino Fundamental: A interdisciplinaridade por meio do software Scratch
Authors: Oro Neuza Terezinha , Pazinato Ariane Mileidi , Teixeira Adriano Canabarro , Gross Ádler Jonas
Published: November 2015

O uso de recursos tecnológicos, em especial de computadores na educação, vem qualificando processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Esta percepção ganha força ao analisar uma parceria existente entre a Universidade de Passo Fundo e a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Passo Fundo, Brasil, que tem se consolidado através da realização de projetos na área de informática educativa e inclusão digital. Um desses projetos é a Olimpíada de Programação de Computadores para Estudantes do Ensino Fundamental, usando o Scratch. Este artigo relata a metodologia da Olimpíada, bem como apresenta a análise de dois desafios constituintes da prova final. Foram realizadas duas edições, em 2013 e 2014, das quais participaram 29 equipes da cidade de Passo Fundo e região. Nelas foi possível constatar, entre outros elementos, que a programação de computadores apresenta grande fascínio nos jovens e possui grande potencial didático-pedagógico, desenvolvendo habilidades como o raciocínio lógico, pensamento procedimental e interdisciplinar.
Capacitação para o aperfeiçoamento do conhecimento tecnológico aos alunos do Ensino Médio
Authors: Magalhães Yuri L. S. F. , Silva Ítalo H. S. , Albuquerque Cassiano H. de
Published: November 2015

Pernambuco promove, desde 2012, o Programa Aluno Conectado, que consiste na distribuição de computadores híbridos aos alunos do ensino médio da rede estadual de ensino com a finalidade de promover a inclusão digital. Neste contexto, pesquisadores do Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano realizam uma análise da eficácia do Programa realizando um estudo de caso no sertão de Pernambuco. Como resultado, é proposta uma metodologia de capacitação complementar para auxiliar o êxito do Programa Aluno Conectado.
A utilização do laptop educacional na contação de histórias
Authors: Oriá Maria Bernadete Melo de , Bezerra Ellen Lacerda Carvalho , Castro Filho José Aires de
Published: November 2015

A contação de história proporciona emoções por meio de ilustrações e detalhes que transportam, muitas vezes, o ouvinte para dentro da própria história narrada. Dentro desse contexto, este estudo mostra um relato de experiência de uma ação pedagógica com o uso das tecnologias digitais como recurso na criação e contação de história, realizado no seguimento do Ensino Fundamental nos 4º e 5º anos, envolvendo um total 125 alunos. O projeto foi desenvolvido em etapas que vão desde o planejamento das atividades a serem realizadas, escolha dos conteúdos, metodologia de trabalho, pesquisa na Internet, entrevistas, encenações, elaboração de histórias e de cenários ilustrados, registro das produções, criação de textos coletivos, finalizado com a elaboração do livro de contos e sua publicação. Partindo destas ações, enfocaremos todo o desenvolvimento do projeto, bem como sua conclusão e culminância.
Mudança Conceitual em Óptica Geométrica Facilitada Pelo Uso de TDIC
Authors: Silva João B. da , Sales Gilvandenys L. , Leite Eliana A. M. , Pontello Luiza S.
Published: November 2015

O objetivo do artigo é propor um modelo de mudança conceitual que possa facilitar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem por meio de um modelo de aprendizagem colaborativa apoiada por computador baseada em um modelo de educação construtivista e na metodologia dos 5 C's (SALES, 2005). Tecnologias Digitais, em particular os OA, são usados como ferramenta pedagógica para auxiliar os alunos na construção de novas representações que podem mudar suas concepções prévias frente a situações conflitivas onde há a necessidade de se construir novas representações. Os resultados apontam que a metodologia e os recursos pedagógicos nas aulas de Óptica Geométrica facilitaram o processo de mudança conceitual.
A integração entre Docência e Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação na Formação de Licenciandos
Authors: Lima Luciana De , Loureiro Robson Carlos
Published: November 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como licenciandos planejam o uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) na docência. A pesquisa apresenta caráter qualitativo baseada em Estudo de Caso. São analisados os planos de aula desenvolvidos pelos licenciandos como atividade de Curso de Extensão. A princípio é possível inferir que alguns licenciandos buscam manter o uso dos recursos digitais centrados na ação do professor, uma vez que apresentam dificuldades em utilizá-los no contexto educacional.
Um Cenário Viável para Motivar os Alunos do Ensino Fundamental para um Futuro Ingresso nos Cursos Superiores de Computação
Authors: Pinheiro Cássio D. B. , Leal Sabrina D. A. , Lima Celson P.
Published: November 2015

Esta pesquisa concentra-se em áreas e instrumentos que podem aumentar a motivação dos alunos do ensino fundamental para o aprendizado da ciência da computação, de maneira que estes possam conhecer melhor esta área do conhecimento e escolher melhor suas carreiras profissionais. A visão geral da proposta surgiu da relação entre necessidade de motivação e a alavanca de Arquimedes, onde neste caso o braço da alavanca é composto pelos objetos desenhados na pesquisa, tendo como ponto de apoio os fundamentos do construtivismo, construcionismo, Maker Movement e Design Thinking for Educators. Os instrumentos propostos, materializados no formato de palestras e oficinas interativas são parte integrante do pacote de ações a serem desenvolvidas nas escolas do ensino fundamental. Conclusões e trabalhos futuros encerram o artigo.
As complexidades da cibercultura em Pierre Lévy e seus desdobramentos sobre a educação
Authors: Beutler Dário Lissandro , Teixeira Adriano Canabarro
Published: November 2015

O termo cibercultura permeia discursos em várias áreas da sociedade contemporânea, da área educacional, negócios até a política. O tema é relevante em função de sua complexidade e de suas implicações para as mudanças culturais que atingem todos os setores da sociedade na atualidade. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar algumas complexidades da cibercultura tendo como base três obras do estudioso francês Pierre Lévy. Entende-se que compreendendo mais profundamente essas complexidades, mais facilmente se poderá envolver as pessoas e instituições educativas a participarem da construção dos processos positivos possibilitados pela cibercultura.
Integrando tecnologias digitais na Educação de Jovens e Adultos: análise de publicações no Brasil
Authors: Paz Leandro , Weihmann Guilherme , Plá Jessica Balbinot , Rapkiewicz Clevi
Published: November 2015

A inserção de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) na atual sociedade é uma necessidade, uma vez que o público alvo dessa modalidade costuma ser de imigrantes digitais. Mas em que medida essa inserção tem ocorrido no Brasil? Visando analisar como está a integração de TIC na EJA no Brasil em termos de pesquisa este artigo analisa publicações organizadas num corpus composto dos artigos presentes em três revistas e dois anais de eventos de informática na educação entre os anos de 2009 e 2013 no Brasil. Foram identificadas lacunas na pesquisa para esse segmento educacional importante para a inclusão social e digital dos envolvidos.
Proposta de um Ambiente Computacional que Auxilia na Detecção de Sintomas da Dislexia
Authors: Nonato Isa R. N. , Felix Zildomar C. , Marinho Diego T. F. S. , Leite Urbanno P. S. , Almeida Isledna Rodrigues de
Published: November 2015

As crianças com dislexia têm uma dificuldade maior na leitura e na escrita o que pode prejudicar o aprendizado. Com o objetivo de identificar sintomas do transtorno é proposto o desenvolvimento de um software baseado em regras de produção que utilizará atividades lúdicas.
Aprendizagem Móvel e Multimídia: a produção de material pedagógico na perspectiva BYOD
Authors: Vieira Maristela Compagnoni , Conforto Débora
Published: November 2015

O uso de tecnologias móveis - smartphones, conexão Wi-Fi, QR Codes -, e os princípios orientadores da Aprendizagem Móvel, das Teorias da Carga Cognitiva e da Aprendizagem Multimídia foram consorciados para organizar um material de enriquecimento com o objetivo de subsidiar a produção de textos argumentativos-dissertativos de estudantes do Ensino Médio. Os resultados da pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa reafirmaram os dispositivos móveis como símbolo identitário de adolescentes, evidenciaram suas vantagens quanto à ubiquidade, à pervasividade e sua inserção no cotidiano escolar, confirmando o potencial pedagógico de uma estratégia de Aprendizagem Móvel na construção do pensamento argumentativo.
En équilibre sur le manteau de la cheminée
Authors: O’Toole John , Brais-Marceau Félix , Frisko Carl , Chaîné Francine
Published: November 2015

Cet article explore quelques paradoxes qui font de l’art dramatique et du théâtre un médium puissant mais complexe pour l’enseignement et l’apprentissage. La question principale porte sur la vraie nature du dialogue en art dramatique et en pédagogie ainsi que sur les transferts relationnels ou de pouvoirs qui doivent avoir lieu entre l’enseignant et l’apprenant lorsqu’ils utilisent de façon implicite ou explicite la notion de « manteau de l’expert ». Certains exemples décrits et analysés sont issus de la propre expérience de l’auteur et visent à clarifier ces relations qui mènent à un autre paradoxe : si l’art dramatique peut conduire à une appropriation de l’autonomie, autant pour les enseignants que pour les apprenants, c’est par l’entremise d’une désappropriation temporaire.
Church Collaboration and Resistance under Communism Revisited: The Case of Patriarch Justinian Marina (1948-1977)
Authors: Turcescu Lucian , Stan Lavinia
Published: November 2015

This article revisits the history of the Romanian Orthodox Church under communism and its instrumentalization after 1989 by focusing on the figure of Patriarch Justinian Marina (1948-1977). It argues that one of his successors and protégées, Patriarch Teoctist Arăpașu (1986-2007), had an interest in repainting Marina’s relation to the communist regime as opposition, more than collaboration, because he viewed the opening of the Securitate archives in 2000 with alarm, given the large number of Securitate informers among the Orthodox clergy. It then presents a debate that has taken place in post-1989 Romania about Patriarch Justinian, and concludes that a deeper understanding of the history of ROC under early communism is possible only if Justinian is seen as both a collaborator with the regime and a defender of the ROC.
The prevalence and correlates of undiagnosed HIV among Australian gay and bisexual men: results of a national, community‐based, bio‐behavioural survey
Authors: Holt Martin , Lea Toby , Asselin Jason , Hellard Margaret , Prestage Garrett , Wilson David , de Wit John , Stoové Mark
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Gay and bisexual men (GBM) with undiagnosed HIV are believed to contribute disproportionately to HIV transmission in Australia but national prevalence estimates have been lacking.

Methods

From November 2013 to November 2014, we recruited men at gay venues and events in six Australian states and territories. Of 7291 survey participants, 3071 men also provided an oral fluid sample for testing and decided whether to receive their test results or not. We calculated raw and population‐weighted prevalence estimates and identified associations with undiagnosed infection using logistic regression.

Results

Of 3071 participants, 213 men tested HIV‐positive (6.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0 to 7.8%), of whom 19 (8.9%, 95% CI 5.8 to 13.5%) were previously undiagnosed. After weighting for the size of the gay and bisexual male population in each state or territory, national HIV prevalence was estimated to be 7.2% (95% CI 6.3 to 8.1), of which 9.1% (95% CI 6.0 to 13.6%) were estimated to be undiagnosed. Compared with HIV‐negative participants, men with undiagnosed HIV were more likely to report meeting partners at sex venues, using antiretroviral drugs as pre‐exposure prophylaxis, condomless anal intercourse with casual partners, using party drugs for sex, injecting drugs and using amyl nitrite, crystal methamphetamine or gamma hydroxybutyrate in the six months prior to the survey.

Discussion

The results indicate that the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV is relatively low among Australian GBM but is higher among men who report riskier sex and drug practices.

Conclusions

The results underline the importance of targeted HIV prevention and frequent testing for men at increased risk of infection.
Strong eddy compensation for the Gulf Stream heat transport
Authors: Saenko Oleg A.
Published: November 2015

Using a high‐resolution ocean model forced with high‐resolution atmospheric fields, a 5 year mean heat budget of the upper ocean in the Gulf Stream (GS) region is analyzed. The heat brought to the region with the mean flows along the GS path is 2–3 times larger than the heat loss to the atmosphere, with the difference being balanced by a strong cooling effect due to lateral eddy heat fluxes. However, over a broad area off the Grand Banks, the eddies warm the uppermost ocean layers, partly compensating for the loss of heat to the atmosphere. The upward eddy heat flux, which brings heat from the deeper ocean to the upper layers, is 30–80% of the surface heat loss.
Three‐dimensional convective flows of energetic ions in Jupiter's equatorial magnetosphere
Authors: Waldrop L. S. , Roelof E. C. , Fritz T. A.
Published: November 2015

From 1995 to 2003, the Galileo Energetic Particles Detector (EPD) measured the three‐dimensional distribution of protons, oxygen, and sulfur ions with total energies between 0.1 and 1 MeV throughout the equatorial Jovian magnetosphere. We perform a spherical harmonics expansion of the measured distributions through the second order and use the resulting anisotropy coefficients to identify purely convecting distributions and derive ion flow velocities via the Compton‐Getting effect. We demonstrate that the second‐order harmonic terms are an essential diagnostic in excluding spurious gradient anisotropies in the velocity derivation. This analysis unambiguously confirms that energetic ion flows in the azimuthal direction are significantly slower than rigid planetary corotation by an amount that is local time dependent, a phenomenon that is qualitatively consistent with expectations of plasma mass loading within an asymmetric magnetic field configuration. However, both the polar and radial components of the ion flows exhibit unexpected and poorly understood global morphology. Consistently northward and inward flows are observed near the dayside and predusk sectors of the equatorial inner magnetosphere, while southward and outward flows are observed within the plasma sheet in the predawn middle magnetosphere. The persistence of southward convection in this region, which is operative regardless of whether the spacecraft was transiting the plasma sheet from the northern magnetic lobe or from the southern lobe, is inconsistent with contemporary models of dynamical plasma sheet motion, while the distinctive local time asymmetries imply that the solar wind is a significant driver of plasma convection at radial distances as small as 15 RJ.
Nighttime morphology of vertical plasma drifts at Ouagadougou during different seasons and phases of sunspot cycles 20–22
Authors: Adebesin B. O. , Rabiu A. B. , Adeniyi J. O. , Amory‐Mazaudier C.
Published: November 2015

The nighttime morphology of vertical plasma drift (Vd) inferred from ground‐based measurements of the F layer height at Ouagadougou (12.4°N, 358.6°E) in the African Equatorial Ionization Anomaly trough was investigated. The observation covers four seasons, four sunspot cycle phases, annual, and 11 year sunspot cycle (SC) variations of the SCs 20–22 spanning 1966–1998 and a first attempt of such study. The annual mean peak magnitudes of Vd during the prereversal enhancement (PRE) and minimum reversal periods exhibit the 11 year sunspot cycle evolution with the sunspot number (Rz). The PRE peak/Rz and reversal peak/Rz relationships are 98.7% and 84.8%, respectively. PRE peak in June solstice appears 1 h later than for other seasons and is attributed to a decrease in the equatorial zonal wind/conductivity gradient. The highest PRE magnitude and downward perturbation drifts near dusk appear during the equinoxes and lowest in June solstice for all cycles. There is semiannual asymmetry in the variation of Vd during all cycles of the PRE event with peaks in March and September/October. A remarkable feature is the consistent local presunrise drift enhancement for two SCs 20 and 21, which is not a regular feature of the equatorial ionosphere. The rate of inhibition of scintillation effect increases with decreasing phase of sunspot activity and maximizes during the solstices. Both the PRE and minimum reversal peak magnitudes are influenced by the phase of sunspot cycle. Ouagadougou data in this study had shown reliable drift characteristics and can be integrated into the African regional empirical drift model.
Estimation of cold plasma outflow during geomagnetic storms
Authors: Haaland S. , Eriksson A. , André M. , Maes L. , Baddeley L. , Barakat A. , Chappell R. , Eccles V. , Johnsen C. , Lybekk B. , Li K. , Pedersen A. , Schunk R. , Welling D.
Published: November 2015

Low‐energy ions of ionospheric origin constitute a significant contributor to the magnetospheric plasma population. Measuring cold ions is difficult though. Observations have to be done at sufficiently high altitudes and typically in regions of space where spacecraft attain a positive charge due to solar illumination. Cold ions are therefore shielded from the satellite particle detectors. Furthermore, spacecraft can only cover key regions of ion outflow during segments of their orbit, so additional complications arise if continuous longtime observations, such as during a geomagnetic storm, are needed. In this paper we suggest a new approach, based on a combination of synoptic observations and a novel technique to estimate the flux and total outflow during the various phases of geomagnetic storms. Our results indicate large variations in both outflow rates and transport throughout the storm. Prior to the storm main phase, outflow rates are moderate, and the cold ions are mainly emanating from moderately sized polar cap regions. Throughout the main phase of the storm, outflow rates increase and the polar cap source regions expand. Furthermore, faster transport, resulting from enhanced convection, leads to a much larger supply of cold ions to the near‐Earth region during geomagnetic storms.
Severe and localized GNSS scintillation at the poleward edge of the nightside auroral oval during intense substorm aurora
Authors: van der Meeren Christer , Oksavik Kjellmar , Lorentzen Dag A. , Rietveld Michael T. , Clausen Lasse B. N.
Published: November 2015

In this paper we study how GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo navigation signals are compromised by strong irregularities causing severe phase scintillation (σϕ>1) in the nightside high‐latitude ionosphere during a substorm on 3 November 2013. Substorm onset and a later intensification coincided with polar cap patches entering the auroral oval to become auroral blobs. Using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers and optical data, we show severe scintillation driven by intense auroral emissions in the line of sight between the receiver and the satellites. During substorm expansion, the area of scintillation followed the intense poleward edge of the auroral oval. The intense auroral emissions were colocated with polar cap patches (blobs). The patches did not contain strong irregularities, neither before entering the auroral oval nor after the aurora had faded. Signals from all three GNSS constellations were similarly affected by the irregularities. Furthermore, two receivers spaced around 120km apart reported highly different scintillation impacts, with strong scintillation on half of the satellites in one receiver and no scintillation in the other. This shows that areas of severe irregularities in the nightside ionosphere can be highly localized. Amplitude scintillations were low throughout the entire interval.
Optimal averaging of soil moisture predictions from ensemble land surface model simulations
Authors: Crow W. T. , Su C.‐H. , Ryu D. , Yilmaz M. T.
Published: November 2015

The correct interpretation of ensemble information obtained from the parallel implementation of multiple land surface models (LSMs) requires information concerning the LSM ensemble's mutual error covariance. Here we propose a technique for obtaining such information using an instrumental variable (IV) regression approach and comparisons against a long‐term surface soil moisture data set acquired from satellite remote sensing. Application of the approach to multimodel ensemble soil moisture output from Phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS‐2) and European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture (SM) Essential Climate Variable (ECV) data set allows for the calculation of optimal weighting coefficients for individual members of the NLDAS‐2 LSM ensemble and a biased‐minimized estimate of uncertainty in a deterministic soil moisture analysis derived via optimal averaging. As such, it provides key information required to accurately condition soil moisture expectations using information gleaned from a multimodel LSM ensemble. However, existing continuity and rescaling concerns surrounding the generation of long‐term, satellite‐based soil moisture products must likely be resolved before the proposed approach can be applied with full confidence.
Synthesis, characterization, and tunable adsorption and diffusion properties of hybrid ZIF‐7‐90 frameworks
Authors: Rashidi Fereshteh , Blad Catherine R. , Jones Christopher W. , Nair Sankar
Published: November 2015

Hybrid zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), containing more than one type of imidazolate linker, can allow highly tunable molecular sieving and adsorption. Their crystallization becomes more challenging when the end‐member (single‐linker) ZIFs crystallize in different crystal systems. We demonstrate the controlled synthesis and detailed characterization of hybrid ZIF‐7‐90 frameworks containing linkers of ZIF‐7 (rhombohedral) and ZIF‐90 (cubic). ZIF‐7‐90 materials with SOD‐type topology are obtained in three crystalline phases depending on the linker composition and synthesis technique. The effect of synthesis conditions on the activation‐induced phase transition from rhombohedral to other topologies is studied. Nitrogen physisorption at 77 K and CO2 physisorption at 273 K shows the tunability of the pore‐size distribution and the framework flexibility as a function of framework composition. Measurements of water adsorption and butane isomer diffusion illustrate the tunability of diffusivity over seven orders of magnitude and control of hydrophobic to hydrophilic adsorption behavior. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 525–537, 2016
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Alkenylzincation of Unfunctionalized Alkynes
Authors: Wu Junliang , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: November 2015

While transition metal catalyzed addition reactions of arylmetal reagents to unfunctionalized alkynes have been extensively developed in the last decade, analogous reactions using alkenylmetal reagents remain rare regardless of their potential utility for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3‐dienes. Reported herein is the development of a cobalt/diphosphine catalyst which promotes efficient and stereoselective addition of alkenylzinc reagents to unfunctionalized internal alkynes. The resulting dienylzinc species serve as versatile intermediates for further synthetic transformations.
Enantioselective Nanoporous Carbon Based on Chiral Ionic Liquids
Authors: Fuchs Ido , Fechler Nina , Antonietti Markus , Mastai Yitzhak
Published: November 2015

One of the greatest challenges in modern chemical processing is to achieve enantiospecific control in chemical reactions using chiral media such as chiral mesoporous materials. Herein, we describe a novel and effective synthetic pathway for the preparation of enantioselective nanoporous carbon, based on chiral ionic liquids (CILs). CILs of phenylalanine (CIL(Phe)) are used as precursors for the carbonization of chiral mesoporous carbon. We employ circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and chronoamperometry in order to demonstrate the chiral nature of the mesoporous carbon. The approach presented in this paper is highly significant for the development of a new type of chiral porous materials for enantioselective chemistry. In addition, it contributes significantly to our understanding of the structure and nature of chiral nanoporous materials and surfaces.
Not All Inner Ears are the Same: Otolith Matrix Proteins in the Inner Ear of Sub‐Adult Cichlid Fish, Oreochromis Mossambicus, Reveal Insights Into the Biomineralization Process
Authors: Weigele Jochen , Franz‐Odendaal Tamara A. , Hilbig Reinhard
Published: November 2015

The fish ear stones (otoliths) consist mainly of calcium carbonate and have lower amounts of a proteinous matrix. This matrix consists of macromolecules, which directly control the biomineralization process. We analyzed the composition of this proteinous matrix by mass spectrometry in a shotgun approach. For this purpose, an enhanced protein purification technique was developed that excludes any potential contamination of proteins from body fluids. Using this method we identified eight proteins in the inner ear of Oreochromis mossambicus. These include the common otolith matrix proteins (OMP‐1, otolin‐1, neuroserpin, SPARC and otoconin), and three proteins (alpha tectorin, otogelin and transferrin) not previously localized to the otoliths. Moreover, we were able to exclude the occurrence of two matrix proteins (starmaker and pre‐cerebellin‐like protein) known from other fish species. In further analyses, we show that the absence of the OMP starmaker corresponds to calcitic otoliths and that pre‐cerebellin‐like protein is not present at any stage during the development of the otoliths of the inner ear. This study shows O. mossambicus does not have all of the known otolith proteins indicating that the matrix proteins in the inner ear of fish are not the same across species. Further functional studies of the novel proteins we identified during otolith development are required. Anat Rec, 299:234–245, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction, Enzyme Response, and Substrate Capacity of a Hyaluronan–Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Hu Ping , Chen Yong , Li Jing‐Jing , Liu Yu
Published: November 2015

A supramolecular assembly was constructed with a cationic cyclodextrin (EICD) and native hyaluronan (HA). The cationic carboxylic ester pendants on HA support hyaluronidase (HAase)‐responsive sites and the EICD supports artificial carboxylic esterase responsive sites. Substrate‐binding models were investigated by using environment‐sensitive fluorescence probes 2‐p‐toluidino‐6‐naphthalenesulfoniate sodium (2,6‐TNS) and thioflavin T (ThT). On a HA/EICD assembly, EICD was able to bind an anionic substrate and HA and EICD constructed the cationic substrate binding site together. This assembly could be used as a sequential dual‐substrate carrier.
Amphiphilic Cyanine–Platinum Conjugates as Fluorescent Nanodrugs
Authors: Sun Tingting , Li Zhensheng , Xie Zhigang , Jing Xiabin
Published: November 2015

Two fluorescent nanomedicines based on small molecular cyanine–platinum conjugates have been prepared via a nanoprecipitation method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as dynamic light scattering (DLS). The conjugates exhibited an enhanced fluorescence in their nanoparticle formulation compared to that in solution. The nanomedicines could be endocytosed by cancer cells as revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and showed high cellular proliferation inhibition. Fluorescent platinum nanomedicines prepared directly from small molecules could be an alternative strategy for developing new drugs with simultaneous cellular imaging and cancer therapy functions.
Adaptive Fuzzy Descriptor Sliding Mode Observer‐based Sensor Fault Estimation for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Shahnazi Reza , Zhao Qing
Published: November 2015

A sensor fault estimation method is proposed for a general class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Taking the sensor faults as auxiliary states, an augmented descriptor system is constructed. For this augmented descriptor system, an adaptive fuzzy proportional‐derivative sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the sensor faults and states, simultaneously. Adaptive fuzzy systems based on the universal approximation theorem are used to approximate the nonlinearities. Thus, the nonlinearities can be unknown and the Lipschitz assumption can be utterly relieved. To relax the requirement of knowing the bound of uncertainties, an adaptive gain for the sliding mode term is used. The semi‐global asymptotic convergence of the proposed fault estimation observer is proved using the Lyapunov approach. The proposed method is applied to a highly nonlinear mathematical model with both bounded and unbounded sensor faults. Simulation results show the satisfactory performance of the proposed method.
The effects of lighting on driver's injury severity at highway‐rail grade crossings
Authors: Hao Wei , Kamga Camille
Published: November 2015

This study estimates the safety effect of illumination on accidents at highway‐rail grade crossings in the United States, using data from exhaustive data from Federal Railroad Administration database covering the period 2002–2011. Using mixed logit modeling approach, the study explores the determinants of driver injury severity at unlighted highway‐rail grade crossings compared with lighted highway‐rail grade crossings in the United States. Several key issues are explored including availability of relevant highway‐rail grade crossing accident inventory data; relevant data element structures; specification and estimation of models to estimate driver's injury severity with lighting and without lighting; and techniques to interpret model parameters. Overall, highway‐rail grade crossing lighting improves safety by reducing the probability of high‐level injury severity through improvements in driver's visibility compared with unlighted intersections. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered Striatal Synaptic Function and Abnormal Behaviour in Shank3 Exon4‐9 Deletion Mouse Model of Autism
Authors: Jaramillo Thomas C. , Speed Haley E. , Xuan Zhong , Reimers Jeremy M. , Liu Shunan , Powell Craig M.
Published: November 2015

Shank3 is a multi‐domain, synaptic scaffolding protein that organizes proteins in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Clinical studies suggest that ∼0.5% of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases may involve SHANK3 mutation/deletion. Patients with SHANK3 mutations exhibit deficits in cognition along with delayed/impaired speech/language and repetitive and obsessive/compulsive‐like (OCD‐like) behaviors. To examine how mutation/deletion of SHANK3 might alter brain function leading to ASD, we have independently created mice with deletion of Shank3 exons 4‐9, a region implicated in ASD patients. We find that homozygous deletion of exons 4‐9 (Shank3e4‐9 KO) results in loss of the two highest molecular weight isoforms of Shank3 and a significant reduction in other isoforms. Behaviorally, both Shank3e4‐9 heterozygous (HET) and Shank3e4‐9 KO mice display increased repetitive grooming, deficits in novel and spatial object recognition learning and memory, and abnormal ultrasonic vocalizations. Shank3e4‐9 KO mice also display abnormal social interaction when paired with one another. Analysis of synaptosome fractions from striata of Shank3e4‐9 KO mice reveals decreased Homer1b/c, GluA2, and GluA3 expression. Both Shank3e4‐9 HET and KO demonstrated a significant reduction in NMDA/AMPA ratio at excitatory synapses onto striatal medium spiny neurons. Furthermore, Shank3e4‐9 KO mice displayed reduced hippocampal LTP despite normal baseline synaptic transmission. Collectively these behavioral, biochemical and physiological changes suggest Shank3 isoforms have region‐specific roles in regulation of AMPAR subunit localization and NMDAR function in the Shank3e4‐9 mutant mouse model of autism. Autism Res 2016, 9: 350–375. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Nanobody Activation Immunotherapeutic that Selectively Destroys HER2‐Positive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Gray Melissa A. , Tao Ran N. , DePorter Sandra M. , Spiegel David A. , McNaughton Brian R.
Published: November 2015

We report a rationally designed nanobody activation immunotherapeutic that selectively redirects anti‐dinitrophenyl (anti‐DNP) antibodies to the surface of HER2‐positive breast cancer cells, resulting in their targeted destruction by antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. As nanobodies are relatively easy to express, stable, can be humanized, and can be evolved to potently and selectively bind virtually any disease‐relevant cell surface receptor, we anticipate broad utility of this therapeutic strategy.
An axillofemoral bypass graft transgressing the chest wall
Authors: Levena Skervin Alicia , Thomas Robert Hywel , Sritharan Kaji
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical Message

Explantation of an infected patent vascular graft does not necessarily require concomitant revascularization procedures. The need for revascularization can be determined by a trial cross‐clamping of the graft and clinical assessment of limb perfusion. We report a case of an infected axillofemoral graft transgressing the chest wall in a surgically high risk patient.
Use of a subcutaneous ICD in a patient with short QT syndrome
Authors: Mondoly Pierre , Cardin Christelle , Rollin Anne , Duparc Alexandre , Maury Philippe
Published: November 2015

Key clinical message

Short QT syndrome carries the risk for inappropriate therapies using transvenous ICD because of overdetection of the ample T wave. SQT syndrome may also benefit from subcutaneous ICD, although additional cases are needed to affirm the safety of such device in this setting.