bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating disaster, catastrophe, and climate change education in Pakistan’s educational curriculum and state institutions: a comprehensive review
Authors: Rashid A , Qixiang W
Published: December 2024

In recent decades, disaster, catastrophe, and climate change education have gained global importance, emphasizing the need for effective curriculum integration to raise awareness and foster mitigation efforts. This review highlights the incorporation of this exceptional education into Pakistan’s curricula, drawing on international research. Relevant studies published from 2015 to 2024 were systematically reviewed through Google Scholar and Science Direct using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines with 4 stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Nineteen articles revolved around curriculum development, revealing diverse approaches such as embedding disaster and climate change issues within curricula or creating dedicated adaptation and mitigation programs. The findings emphasize significant variations in educational strategies and underscore the need for research to develop a more comprehensive and sustainable disaster risk reduction approach for Pakistan’s education system and state institutions. This approach would enhance preparedness and resilience to climate change impacts in the region.
Artificial intelligence as a tool for data, economic and political hegemony: releasing the djinn
Authors: Dakakni D
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence, while presenting itself as a novelty in the fields of education, science and the business industry, is likely being used as a hegemonic tool for economic and political control. Concerns about privacy ethics, class division and the specter of AI-incited biowarfare controlled by supremacist-minded entities that benefit from the datafication of individuals for economic profit and the attainment of politicized control-seeking objectives are the axial arguments of this position paper. As a result, this review makes a case that AI is being used as a tool of hegemony by presenting an analytical framework derived from the ‘less mainstream’ varied corpus of literature published between 1984 and 2024. Furthermore, while the literature also reveals attempts to monitor misuse of AI, to date there have been no solutions offered concerning privacy and surveillance, alternatives to the potential loss of jobs through automated AI or the menace of AI-operated biological warfare already being tested in war-torn parts of the world. Resolving the existing hegemonic challenges is of paramount importance and must be properly addressed in order not to be met with an existential crisis threatening the continuity of humanity.
Habitat utilization by beaked whales in the western North Atlantic Ocean using passive acoustics
Authors: DeAngelis AI , Westell A , Baumann-Pickering S , Bell J , Cholewiak D , Corkeron PJ , Soldevilla MS , Solsona-Berga A , Trickey JS , Van Parijs SM
Published: December 2024

Beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) are cryptic, deep-diving cetaceans found offshore. Passive acoustic monitoring of this family allows identification to species level and is instrumental in expanding knowledge of their behavior, distribution, and habitat use. From 28 June to 25 August 2016, 2 broadscale shipboard surveys towed a hydrophone array in the western North Atlantic. Concurrently, 11 bottom-mounted recorders collected continuous passive acoustic data along the 1000 m contour during July and August 2016. Five beaked whale species (goose-beaked, Ziphius cavirostris; Gervais’, Mesoplodon europaeus; True’s, M. mirus; Sowerby’s, M. bidens; and Blainville’s, M. densirostris) were present in both data sets. Beaked whales were commonly detected at the bottom-mounted sites (71% total days present), with sites off the US Mid-Atlantic Bight containing the greatest species diversity. Overall, daily co-occurrence was uncommon (35% of study period). Using the towed array, Blainville’s and Gervais’ beaked whales were found in the Gulf Stream, True’s beaked whales were more common in abyssal waters, and Sowerby’s beaked whales were more common on the continental slope. Goose-beaked whales were present throughout. Using multipath reflections, click depths were examined for 192 beaked whale detection events. Among 3 species tested (goose-beaked, Gervais’, and True’s), only goose-beaked whales were found to significantly forage in proximity to the seafloor. This is the first study of its kind to provide a comprehensive overview of how these whales utilize their habitat across latitudes, longitudes, and depths.
Larval connectivity for European green crab management in the Salish Sea and surrounding waters
Authors: Engel L , Premathilake L , Barrier N , Khangaonkar T , Garavelli L
Published: December 2024

The presence of invasive species is a growing concern in coastal marine ecosystems because of their adverse effects on biodiversity. The European green crab Carcinus maenas (EGC) is a small crab inhabiting inshore areas. Although it is native to the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea, its distribution has expanded to North America, where it is an invasive species. Its main food sources are small invertebrate species that support valuable fisheries in the USA. The first presence of EGC in northern Washington was observed around 20 yr ago, along the Pacific Coast of the USA. Recently, EGC has been detected throughout the Salish Sea (Washington, USA, and British Columbia, Canada) wherein spread dynamics are unknown. The overall distribution of EGC is mainly driven by larval dispersal and, in the Salish Sea and surrounding waters, the assessment of EGC population dynamics is essential to understand its migration patterns and prevent its future expansion. To investigate the dispersal patterns of EGC larvae, a larval dispersal model was developed which couples a regional model of hydrodynamic circulation with an individual-based model of ichthyoplankton dynamics. Simulations were performed over 9 yr (2013-2022) to analyze average larval transport trends in the Salish Sea and surrounding waters, interannual variability of EGC larval connectivity, and the influence of larval behavior on connectivity patterns. Lastly, areas were identified to inform invasive species management moving forward. The prediction of likely sources and settlement locations of EGC larvae from the model will help improve the management of the population in the Salish Sea and surrounding waters.
Seasonal trophic resource partitioning by Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and Pacific blue mussel Mytilus trossulus in an Alaskan estuary
Authors: Haag J , Mincks SL , Jossart J , Kelley AL
Published: December 2024

Shellfish mariculture has expanded in Alaska, yet potential ecological interactions between cultured and native taxa have rarely been considered. Shellfish such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Pacific blue mussel Mytilus trossulus are already farmed in Alaska at a small scale, with production expected to increase in coming years. C. gigas and M. trossulus selectively feed on naturally occurring particulate organic matter (POM) sources; thus, understanding the partitioning of trophic resources by these bivalves has implications for mariculture site selection and marine management. We identified temporal patterns in food source consumption by C. gigas and M. trossulus in Jakolof Bay, Alaska. We estimated endmember contributions (phytoplankton, macroalgae, terrestrial organic matter, and zooplankton) to the suspended POM pool and to the 2 bivalves using bulk stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in April, June, August, and December 2023. While δ13C values remained comparable for both bivalves across sampling periods, C. gigas had higher δ15N values than M. trossulus, indicating that although both bivalves ultimately derive carbon from similar sources of primary production, C. gigas feeds at a higher trophic level. Mixing model results indicate that macroalgae contributed 4-58% of the assimilated carbon in C. gigas and 25-75% in M. trossulus. These results suggest that farming shellfish in areas with macroalgae populations (i.e. farmed in co-culture or wild) could offer C. gigas and M. trossulus an additional source of organic matter.
From Clicks to Bricks: Exploring Market Entry Strategies of Online Food Retailers in Germany
Authors: Szőke Andrea , Kudet Daniel Eugen , Zimmermann Yves C.
Published: December 2024

The retail sector in Germany is currently undergoing a transformation. Department stores that were once successful are now closing their branches at prominent locations, while omni-channel retailers that originated from online commerce are expanding their position in brick-and-mortar retail. Previous research has focused on examining which Online Pure Players (OPP) in Germany pursue the Adding Bricks to Clicks (ABtC) expansion strategy and the form of market entry they choose. The investigation showed a clear preference for operating their own retail stores. However, the investigation did not sufficiently consider the food sector, despite the boost in online food retail due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation involved triangulating, merging, and analyzing existing studies and data sources through secondary data analysis. This contribution presents a pilot study that investigates and compares the food omnichannel retailers Ankerkraut, KERNenergie, and mymuesli. These retailers were mentioned in the evaluation of 37 qualitative, guideline-supported expert interviews and originate from online commerce. The examined food retailers offer a curated range of specialty and delicatessen products in the higher price segment, adhering to specific product-price policies. They operate their own stores to strengthen their retail brand and provide a tactile product experience. However, they limit the number of these stores to a handful of flagship locations due to the high costs associated with such an expansion. More effectively, they expand their offline reach through collaborations with established retailers. These partnerships capitalize on the existing brand recognition and market presence of the partners, driving significant growth and serving as a model for best practices in the ABtC food sector.
Az innováció ösztönzése mesterséges intelligenciával támogatott menedzsmenten keresztül
Authors: Prorok Máté
Published: December 2024

Lehetetlen túlbecsülni a megalapozott döntéshozatal jelentőségét napjaink gyorsan változó vállalati világában. A korszerű technológiák, például a mesterséges intelligencia (AI), a szakértői rendszerek és a döntéstámogató rendszerek (DSS) beépítése jelentősen megváltoztatta az üzleti műveleteket. A DSS rendszerek elengedhetetlenek, mert adatmodellezést és elemzést használnak, hogy hasznos információkkal látják el a menedzsmentet az alapos döntéshozatalhoz. A szakértői rendszerek számos tudományterületen értékes kiegészítésként szolgálnak az emberi készségekhez, speciális ismeretekkel és segítséggel. A vállalatirányítás forradalmát, különösen a stratégiai tervezés területén, a mesterséges intelligencia fejlesztése indította el. Az AI-technológiák lehetővé teszik a vállalkozások számára, hogy előre jelezzék a fogyasztói mintákat, gyorsan reagáljanak a változó körülményekre, és megragadják az új lehetőségeket. A kutatásom szekunder adatelemzésen alapszik és kettő hipotézist vizsgál a témához kapcsolódó nemzetközi szerzők publikációi alapján. Az első, hogy a mesterséges intelligencia által vezérelt döntéstámogató rendszerek vállalatirányítási környezetben történő alkalmazása elősegíti a szervezeti döntéshozatali folyamatokat azáltal, hogy megalapozottabb döntéseket és mélyebb betekintést tesz lehetővé. A második feltett hipotézis, hogy a mesterséges intelligencia beépítése a stratégiai tervezési eljárásokba javítja a szervezet képességét a piaci trendek előrejelzésére, az erőforrások hatékony elosztására és a változó piaci feltételekre való reagálásra. Az AI olyan technikai áttöréseket hajt végre, amelyek számos ágazatban átalakítják az innovációmenedzsmentet. Az AI technológiának az Európai Unió (EU) vállalatai általi növekvő használata azt a tendenciát jelzi, hogy az AI által vezérelt megoldások egyre inkább integrálódnak a különböző működési keretekbe. A téma időszerűsége miatt lényeges folyamatosan vizsgálni és figyelni a bekövetkező változásokat.
Primary Fears of Childbirth of Couples Who have not Yet had Children in Türkiye
Authors: Tosun Hülya , Uğur Nuran
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to describe and compare the fear of primary childbirth (FOC) among women and partners who have not yet experienced childbirth according to various demographic characteristics.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between July and August 2020 including couples residing in metropolitan or district regions. The 289 participants had the age period of 18–35 and had never been pregnant before. The FOC among the couples and their demographic characteristics were compared in terms of readiness for pregnancy, birth, postpartum period, baby care, breastfeeding, and readiness to provide social support in coping with FOC. Individual descriptive forms and the Women and Men Childbirth Fear - Prior to Pregnancy Scale (WCF-PPS/MCF-PPS) were used for evaluation of the responses.
Results: The findings of this study reveal that women experience a higher level of fear of childbirth compared to men. The fear of childbirth among women was slightly above average, while it was at a moderate level among men. No significant relationship was found between the WCF-PPS/MCF-PPS scores and FOC scores of women and men (p>.05). WCF-PPS/MCF-PPS and FOC scores were not found to differ significantly based on age, place of residence, income level, or educational status (p>.05). Also ıt was found to have a significant impact on WCF-PPS/MCF-PPS scores at a 0.05 significance level. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the score for FOC question 4 was associated with a 0.864-unit increase in the WCF-PPS/MCF-PPS score.
Conclusion: The study reveals that no significant difference was found between men and women in terms of fear of childbirth and the level of FOC was found to be moderate among couples. This study reveals that couples who have never had children yet need more information about the pregnancy and birth process. Incorporating the FOC criteria into the content of pre-pregnancy and pre-conception counselling as well as providing information packages to couples can help to reduce pre-pregnancy FOC. Providing information to this population that is individualized and culturally sensitive may ensure that this information is more internalized by couples.
Evaluation of the Distance of the V3 Segments of the Vertebral Artery to the C1 Lateral Mass and C2 Pedicle on the Dominant and Nondominant Sides: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Güvenç Yahya , Verimli Ural , Bıyıklı Erhan , Topal Bahadır , Ziyal İbrahim
Published: December 2024

Objective: Aim of this study is investigation of the risk of vertebral artery injury on the dominant and non-dominant vertebral artery sides at the craniocervical junction on cadavers .
Methods: A total of five cadavers and 10 vertebral arteries injected with red latex were studied. Dissection was performed on all of the cadavers. The study also involved CT scans obtained from all of the cadaver specimens. Distance of C1 lateral mass medial wall to the V3 segment of the vertebral artery, distance of C1 lateral mass lateral wall to the V3 segment of the vertebral artery, distance of C2 pedicle medial wall to the V3 segment of the vertebral artery, and distance of C2 pedicle lateral wall to the V3 segment of the vertebral artery were measured and statistically analyzed.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between anatomical measurements on cadavers and on CT scan measurements. The data in the study demonstrated that the non-dominant (hypoplastic) vertebral artery follows a much closer course to the pedicle and the lateral mass, compared to the dominant artery.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it has been shown that the vertebral artery may be easily injured during surgical procedures due to the anatomical proximity of the pedicle and lateral mass and the screws’ entry points being much closer on the non-dominant side.
The Impact of Transition of Paper-Based Consent Forms to Digital Format on Dental Healthcare Efficiency
Authors: Aslan Elif , Komat Omer Berfu , Karatay Asena , Kacar Mehmet Emin , Mutlu Onur , Şener Elif
Published: December 2024

Objective: To evaluate the perceptions and attitudes of patients of different ages and education levels regarding the transition of paper-based consent forms to digital format.
Methods: Ninety-four patients were divided into three groups according to their age range (18–39, 40–59, over 60) as well as education level (primary/secondary school, high school, university). Participants were administered a digital consent form along with an online questionnaire aimed at determining perceptions and attitudes of patients towards paper-based and digital consent. Demographic data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Pearson’s Chi-Square test was used to compare the answer rates between patient groups categorized according to age ranges and educational levels (p=.05).
Results: 79.8% and 90.4% of participants reported that converting paper-based consent forms to digital format would be more advantageous for the workflow of healthcare services and in terms of functionality and usability, respectively. The proportion of participants stating they had sufficient knowledge about informed consent was higher in the university graduate group (p
Assessment of the Relationship Between Maxillary Sinus Membrane Thickness and Various Anatomical Factors Before Implant Treatment
Authors: İspir Nebiha Gözde , Zor Zeynep Fatma , Toraman Alkurt Meryem
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the maxillary sinus mucosal thickness (MSMT) and factors that may affect this thickness in individuals with a posterior edentulous region.
Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 130 patients with edentulous posterior maxilla were retrospectively examined. MSMT was measured. The relationship between MSMT and age, gender, residual alveolar bone length/width, nasal septum deviation angle, ostium obstruction, and pneumatization were examined. Descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, Spearman correlation, and chi-square analyses were used. The significance level was set at .05.
Results: The study included 130 maxillary sinuses. Pathological mucosal thickening was present in 67 (51.5%) of maxillary sinuses. Mucosal thickness was significantly thicker in the presence of maxillary sinus ostium obstruction, in the presence of pneumatization and in males. No statistically significant differences were found between nasal septum deviation angle groups.
Conclusions: MSMT is affected by gender, the alveolar bone length, maxillary sinus ostium obstruction, and pneumatization as results of this study. When planning implant treatment, these factors that will affect the MSMT should be considered for the success of the treatment, and the planning should be done together by the oral and maxillofacial surgeon and the dentomaxillofacial radiologist.
Increased hip fracture risk in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is correlated with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and diabetes duration in men
Authors: Ding Huiru , Wang Hongxia , Liu Guanghui , Wang Yu , Han Dongxu , Zhang Xiaoya , Song Lige
Published: December 2024

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased hip fracture risk. And the association between urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and an increased risk of hip fracture in patients with T2DM remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between urinary ACR and hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women and aged men with T2DM. The study included 219 postmenopausal women and 216 older men (mean age >60 years) with T2DM. Women and men were divided into control group (ACR<30 mg/g), microalbuminuria group (30 mg/g ≤ ACR<300 mg/g), and macroalbuminuria group (ACR≥300 mg/g) respectively. Demographic characteristics and clinical history were collected in patients. Biochemical indexes and bone turnover-related markers were measured in patients. In the study, we found that several factors, including age, T2DM duration, cerebral infarction history, serum corrected calcium levels and urine ACR were positively associated with hip fracture risk. However, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and areal BMD were negatively associated with hip fracture risk. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed that urinary ACR level (β = 0.003, p = 0.044) and duration of T2DM (β = 0.015, p = 0.018) were positively and independently correlated with hip fracture risk in older men. In contrast, femoral neck BMD (β = −6.765, p < 0.001) was independently and negatively correlated with hip fracture risk in older men. This study indicated that the elevated ACR levels and longer T2DM duration were related to higher hip fracture risk in older men with T2DM, which could be beneficial for developing a predictive model for osteoporotic fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes in the future. However, results were inconsistent in women, hip fracture risk didn’t alter by changes in urinary microalbuminuria level in postmenopausal women with T2DM.
Thermophysical, and rheological insights of polyethylene/wax blends
Authors: Mhlabeni Thobile L. , Jamiru Tamba , Mhike Washington
Published: December 2024

Blending wax with polyethylene (PE) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential to enhance processing capabilities of polyethylene-based products. The miscibility of polyethylene and low molecular mass wax blends is a critical factor influencing various industrial applications. In this study, the theoretical framework of the miscibility of polyethylene/wax blends is discussed in terms of thermodynamic principles. The state-of-the-art of miscibility of polyethylene/wax blends is comprehensively examined, focusing on their thermophysical and rheological properties. It is shown that thermophysical properties assessed by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis can provide insights into thermal transitions affected by blend composition. Furthermore, the rheological properties of blends can provide insights into their microstructure, phase behaviour, and interaction between components. Literature search of the influence of wax compositions and temperature on the polyethene/wax compatibility was shown to be inconsistent. Also, studies on the miscibility of paraffin and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) wax/polyethene blends is limited. However, the review suggests full miscibility of low molecular mass waxes and polyethylene in the melt and partial co-crystallisation in the solid state.
Neuroeducation: understanding neural dynamics in learning and teaching
Authors: Pradeep K. , Sulur Anbalagan Rajalakshmi , Thangavelu Asha Priya , Aswathy S. , Jisha V. G. , Vaisakhi V. S.
Published: December 2024

Neuroeducation, an emerging interdisciplinary field at the intersection of neuroscience and education, investigates into the complex processes underpinning learning which offering novel insights and methodologies. This article examines the foundational principles of neuroeducation, descriptive dynamic interplay between neuronal mechanisms and pedagogical strategies. Central to this exploration is an appreciation for the brain's remarkable plasticity and adaptability, highlighting how learning experiences sculpt neuronal networks. Utilizing advanced imaging techniques and rigorous neuroscientific research, a wealth of insights has emerged, enhancing our understanding of cognition, memory formation, and information processing. These insights enrich our comprehension of individual learning mechanisms and guide the development of effective educational interventions. Grounded in interdisciplinary collaboration, neuroeducation seamlessly integrates perspectives from neuroscience, psychology, and education to develop instructional approaches aligned with the brain's intrinsic learning processes. This collaboration nurtures, innovation in teaching methodologies, enhances student engagement, and bolsters academic achievement. Furthermore, the integration of technology into educational practices, ranging from brain-computer interfaces to immersive virtual reality experiences, presents new possibilities for enhancing learning engagements and accommodating diverse learning styles and curricula. Through the strategic use of technology's transformative power, educators can create immersive learning environments that stimulate cognitive processes and enhance knowledge retention. Neuroeducation emerges as a transformative force in educational theory and practice, empowering educators to design pedagogical approaches finely attuned to the complexities of the human brain, this paves the way for a more inclusive and effective educational landscape. This study is nested within a systematic review of the past 15 years of digital depository research and models of neuroeducational discourses, underscoring the field's evolving nature and its impact on contemporary education.
Unveiling the molecular landscape of PCOS: identifying hub genes and causal relationships through bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization
Authors: He Yifang , Wang Yanli , Wang Xiali , Deng Shuangping , Wang Dandan , Huang Qingqing , Lyu Guorong
Published: December 2024

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder with various contributing factors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS is essential for developing effective treatments. This study aimed to identify hub genes and investigate potential molecular mechanisms associated with PCOS through a combination of bioinformatics analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

This study employed bioinformatics analysis in conjunction with MR methods using publicly available databases to identify hub genes. We employed complementary MR methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), to determine the causal relationship between the hub genes and PCOS. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure results reliability. Enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were further conducted to assess the role and mechanisms of hub genes in the development of PCOS. Additionally, we validated hub gene expression in both an animal model and serum samples from PCOS patients using qRT-PCR.

Results

IVW analysis revealed significant associations between 10 hub genes and the risk of PCOS: CD93 [P= 0.004; OR 95%CI= 1.150 (1.046, 1.264)], CYBB [P= 0.013; OR 95%CI= 1.650 (1.113,2.447)], DOCK8 [P= 0.048; OR 95%CI= 1.223 (1.002,1.494)], IRF1 [P= 0.036; OR 95%CI= 1.343 (1.020,1.769)], MBOAT1 [P= 0.033; OR 95%CI= 1.140 (1.011,1.285)], MYO1F [P= 0.012; OR 95%CI= 1.325 (1.065,1.649)], NLRP1 [P= 0.020; OR 95%CI= 1.143 (1.021,1.280)], NOD2 [P= 0.002; OR 95%CI= 1.139 (1.049,1.237)], PIK3R1 [P= 0.040; OR 95%CI= 1.241 (1.010,1.526)], PTER [P= 0.015; OR 95%CI= 0.923 (0.866,0.984)]. No heterogeneity and pleiotropy were observed. Hub genes mainly enriched in positive regulation of cytokine production and TNF signaling pathway, and exhibited positive or negative correlations with different immune cells in individuals with PCOS. qRT-PCR validation in both the rat model and patient serum samples confirmed hub gene expression trends consistent with our combined analysis results.

Conclusions

Our bioinformatics combined with MR analysis revealed that CD93, CYBB, DOCK8, IRF1, MBOAT1, MYO1F, NLRP1, NOD2, PIK3R1 increase the risk of PCOS, while PTER decreases the risk of PCOS. This discovery has implications for clinical decision-making in terms of disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment strategies, and opens up novel avenues for drug development.
A clinical practical model for preoperative prediction of visual outcome for pituitary adenoma patients in a retrospective and prospective study
Authors: Zheng Zijian , Wang He , Chen Qianxi , Wang Zhicheng , Fu Jun , Fan Wenjian , Lin Yuanxiang , Kang Dezhi , Jiang Changzhen , Lin Zhangya , Yan Xiaorong
Published: December 2024

Objective

Preoperative prediction of visual recovery after pituitary adenoma resection surgery remains challenging. This study aimed to investigate the value of clinical and radiological features in preoperatively predicting visual outcomes after surgery.

Methods

Patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for pituitary adenoma were included in this retrospective and prospective study. Preoperative MRI, visual acuity, visual field, and postoperative visual recovery data were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the importance of clinical and MRI features, and a prediction model was developed.

Results

The cohort included 198 patients (150 retrospective, 48 prospective). In the retrospective data, visual recovery was observed in 111 patients (74.0%), while non-recovery was observed in 39 patients (26.0%). In the prospective data, visual recovery was observed in 27 patients (56.25%) and non-recovery in 21 patients (43.75%). Blindness, headache, adenoma area, and adenoma upward growth distance were negatively correlated with visual recovery (p < 0.05), while the pituitary gland area was positively correlated (p = 0.001). Logistic regression selected three clinical features: blindness, headache, and visual impairment course. Two additional imaging features, pituitary gland maximum area, and adenoma maximum area, were incorporated into the prediction model. The area under the curve of the prediction model was 0.944 in the retrospective cohort and 0.857 in the prospective cohort. Accuracy was 88% and 81.25%, respectively.

Conclusion

This study successfully developed a clinical practical model combining clinical and radiological features to preoperatively predict visual recovery for patients with pituitary adenoma. The model has the potential to provide personalized counseling for individual patients.
Mechanism and application prospect of ferroptosis inhibitors in improving osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen TingRui , Gao Fei
Published: December 2024

Osteoporosis, a prevalent bone metabolic disorder, has emerged as a pressing global public health concern. Recent studies have illuminated a crucial link between ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the intricate mechanisms underlying the role of ferroptosis in this condition remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this article comprehensively reviews the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and the modulating effects on the development and progression of osteoporosis, as reported in recent years. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current state of the interventional strategies employed by both Western medicines and traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in addressing osteoporosis. This review aims to uncover potential novel avenues for the prevention and control of osteoporosis by synthesizing the modes of action and clinical efficacy of these therapeutic modalities.
Abscopal effect of focused ultrasound combined immunotherapy in animal solid tumor model: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Chao , Li Hui , Deng Tao , Liu Zheng , Yang Li , Peng Li , Jiang Ming Yan , Chen Wen Zhi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The abscopal effect, a systemic anti-tumor response triggered by localized treatment, has gained attention but remains poorly understood. This study evaluates the efficacy and consistency of focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with immunotherapy in inducing the abscopal effect.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on preclinical studies using solid tumor models. Data on tumor response, immune modulation, and survival outcomes were analyzed to assess the combination therapy's effectiveness.

Results

FUS combined with immunotherapy enhanced anti-tumor responses at local and distant sites, with evidence of immune activation and increased abscopal effect rates. However, heterogeneity across tumor models and protocols was observed.

Discussion

The findings provide a theoretical basis for FUS-immunotherapy combinations in cancer treatment, while emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023460710.
Case report: Systemic sclerosis during neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer in a 59-year-old woman
Authors: Liu Siyu , Xiao Xiaomei , Yue Fangjing , Su Cong , Tong Yujun , Xu Weiyun
Published: December 2024

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease with skin fibrosis being the first and most common manifestation. Patients with SSc have a higher risk of developing malignant tumors than the general population. However, the sequence and underlying mechanisms linking SSc to malignancy remain controversial. This article presents the case of a 59-year-old woman who was diagnosed with SSc after developing skin fibrosis during neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Despite aggressive antitumor treatments, including targeted therapy, SSc did not improve and progressed rapidly with increasing dermatofibrosis. Remarkably, the SSc entered remission following the cessation of antitumor therapy. Additionally, we reviewed the literature on SSc and malignant tumors, examined their relationship, and discussed key points regarding their identification and potential for adverse drug reactions.
Frequency, characteristics, and immunological accompaniments of ataxia in anti-NMDAR antibody-associated encephalitis
Authors: Jesse Sarah , Riemann Marie , Schneider Hauke , Ringelstein Marius , Melzer Nico , Vogel Niklas , Pfeffer Lena Kristina , Friese Manuel A. , Sühs Kurt-Wolfram , Hudasch Dominica , Schwenkenbecher Philipp , Günther Albrecht , Geis Christian , Wickel Jonathan , Lesser Martin , Kather Annika , Leypoldt Frank , Dargvainiene Justina , Markewitz Robert , Wandinger Klaus-Peter , Thaler Franziska S. , Kuchling Joseph , Wurdack Katharina , Sabater Lidia , Finke Carsten , Lewerenz Jan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Very rarely, adult NMDAR antibody-associated encephalitis (NMDAR-E) leads to persistent cerebellar atrophy and ataxia. Transient cerebellar ataxia is common in pediatric NMDAR-E. Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxia may be associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), kelch-like family member 11 (KLHL11), and glutamate kainate receptor subunit 2 (GluK2) antibodies, all of which may co-occur in NMDAR-E. Here, we aimed to investigate the frequency, long-term outcome, and immunological concomitants of ataxia in NMDAR-E.

Methods

In this observational study, patients with definite NMDAR-E with a follow-up of >12 months were recruited from the GENERATE registry. Cases with documented ataxia were analyzed in detail.

Results

In 12 of 62 patients (19%), ataxia was documented. Bilateral cerebellar ataxia without additional focal CNS findings was found in four (one child and three adults); one of these was previously reported as a case with persistent cerebellar atrophy and ataxia. Two patients with bilateral cerebellar ataxia had additional focal neurological symptoms, optic neuritis and facial palsy. Two patients developed hemiataxia: one with diplopia suggesting brainstem dysfunction and the other probably resulting from cerebellar diaschisis due to contralateral status epilepticus. In all but the one developing cerebellar atrophy, cerebellar ataxia was transient and not associated with a worse long-term outcome. In all five patients with cerebellar ataxia tested, MOG, AQP-4, GluK2, and KLHL11 antibodies were negative. In two additional patients negative for both MOG and AQP-4 antibodies, ataxia was sensory and explained by cervical myelitis as part of multiple sclerosis (MS) manifesting temporal relation to NMDAR-E. One of the patients with bilateral ataxia with focal neurological deficits was also diagnosed with MS upon follow-up. Finally, in two patients, ataxia was explained by cerebral hypoxic damage following circulatory failure during an ICU stay with severe NMDAR-E.

Discussion

Ataxia of different types is quite common in NMDAR-E. Cerebellar ataxia in NMDAR-E is mostly transient. NMDAR-E followed by persistent ataxia and cerebellar atrophy is very rare. Cerebellar ataxia in NMDAR-E may not be explained by concomitant KLHL11, MOG, AQP-4, or GluK2 autoimmunity. Of note, ataxia in NMDAR-E may result from treatment complications and, most interestingly, from MS manifesting in temporal association with NMDAR-E.
Relationship between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and coronary artery calcium score in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jiang Zexi , Zhu Jinhua , Ding Hong , Yan Lihong , Chen Ruoxin , Wang Bin , Li ZuoLin , Liu Hong
Published: December 2024

Background

This study investigated the association between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods

We used computed tomography (CT) to assess coronary artery calcification score (CACS) using the Agatston method. The TyG index was multiplied by BMI to derive the TyG-BMI index. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between TyG-BMI and CAC. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using restricted cubic spline regression. Weighted Quantile Sum regression was used to explore the weight of the TyG-BMI index components.

Results

Based on the TyG-BMI, 219 patients with MHD were stratified into three groups. The TyG-BMI index was shown to be an independent risk factor for CACS by multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 1.011; [95% confidence interval, 1.002–1.021]; P = 0.021). The relationship between TyG-BMI and lg (CACS + 10) was linear (P-overall = 0.023, P-non-linear = 0.412). Body mass index (BMI) had the highest weight (0.566) when weights were assigned to the three components of TyG-BMI. In the non-diabetes and diabetes subgroups, TyG-BMI and lg (CACS + 10) did not exhibit a significant non-linear relationship.

Conclusion

TyG-BMI and CAC were independently positively correlated in patients undergoing MHD. These findings suggest that assessing TyG-BMI as a valuable tool for identifying the risk of CAC in patients with MHD.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the spatial role of carnitine metabolism in the progression of hepatitis B virus cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gao Pengxiang , Liu Qiuping , Luo Ziye , Pu Wenjun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulting from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are major health concerns. Identifying critical biomarkers and molecular targets is needed for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of these diseases.

Methods

In this study, we explored the gene expression and metabolism in the liver tissues of LC, HCC, and healthy controls, to analyse and identify potential biomarkers of disease progression. Mass spectrometry imaging was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of key metabolites.

Results and discussion

The results revealed significant changes in gene expression and metabolic pathways along with disease progression. The upregulated genes were associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and cancer pathways, including LAMC1-3, COL9A2, COL1A1, MYL9, MYH11, and KAT2A. The downregulated genes were linked to immune response and fatty acid metabolism. Metabolomic analysis showed major changes in lipid and choline metabolism. Consistent changes in the expression of specific genes and metabolites were correlated with clinical data. Notably, metabolites such as L-acetylcarnitine, histamine, and 4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid demonstrated high accuracy (AUC > 0.85) in distinguishing between healthy, LC, and HCC groups. This study identifies key gene and metabolite changes in HBV related LC and HCC, highlighting critical pathways involved in disease progression. Biomarkers like L-acetylcarnitine and KAT2A show promise for early diagnosis and prognosis, potentially improving outcomes for hepatitis liver disease patients.
Differential brain activity in patients with disorders of consciousness: a 3-month rs-fMRI study using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation
Authors: Qin Xuewei , Chen Xuanling , Yao Lan , Lu Fa , Liang Zhenhu , He Jianghong , Guo Xiangyang , Li Xiaoli
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Disorders of consciousness (DoC) from severe brain injuries have significant impacts. However, further research on nuanced biomarkers is needed to fully understand the condition. This study employed resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) to investigate differential brain activity in patients with DoC following spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy. It also assessed the predictive value of rs-fMRI and ALFF in determining the consciousness levels at 3 months post-therapy.

Methods

We analyzed rs-fMRI data from 31 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 22 with non-traumatic brain injury (non-TBI) diagnosed with DoC. ALFF was measured before SCS therapy, and clinical outcomes were assessed 3 months later using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised.

Results

Patients with TBI showed increased ALFF in the thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex, whereas the middle occipital lobe showed decreased ALFF. In the non-TBI group, a higher ALFF was noted in the precuneus, with a reduced ALFF in the occipital and temporal lobes. Patients with improved consciousness post-SCS exhibited distinct ALFF patterns compared with those with unchanged consciousness, particularly in the posterior cingulate and occipital regions.

Conclusion

The application of ALFF in rs-fMRI may be a predictive tool for post-treatment outcomes in patients with DoC of varying etiologies. Differential ALFF in specific brain regions could indicate the likelihood of improvement in consciousness following SCS therapy.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/, Identifier ChiCTR2300069756.
Clinical impacts of total parenteral nutrition in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients with high nutritional risk
Authors: Yang Le , Wu Di , Dai Junting , Lv Huiyi , Li Miao
Published: December 2024

Background

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients often receive consecutive intensive chemotherapy, which can lead to gastrointestinal complications and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), placing patients at high nutritional risk.

Aim

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the benefits of nutritional support in maintaining nutritional status, reducing weight loss without increasing the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) or liver dysfunction, and improving clinical outcomes in HSCT patients at high nutritional risk.

Methods

A total of 526 patients who underwent HSCT were included in the study. Based on the Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) and propensity score matching, 70 patients were assigned to the control group (without parenteral nutrition) and 70 to the enhanced nutrition group (with parenteral nutrition) between 2012 and 2022. We compared data between the two groups at different time points (days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after transplantation and the day before discharge) on the following: (1) effectiveness: weight loss, albumin, and prealbumin levels; (2) safety: incidence of CRBSI and conjugated bilirubin levels; and (3) clinical outcomes: hospital stay duration, rate of rehospitalization, hospitalization costs, and survival rates.

Results

Our results showed that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) effectively mitigated weight loss on days 10 and 14 and the day before discharge, while also improving albumin (33.41 ± 4.57 in the control group, 34.87 ± 4.08 in the TPN group, p < 0.05; 33.72 ± 3.52 in the control group, 35.27 ± 4.04 in the TPN group, p < 0.05; 34.09 ± 4.44 in the control group, 35.55 ± 3.87 in the TPN group, p < 0.05) and prealbumin (245.18 ± 79.94 in the control group, 274.26 ± 86.73 in the TPN group, p < 0.05; 233.27 ± 79.57 in the control group, 279.34 ± 80.20 in the TPN group, p < 0.01; 247.24 ± 83.29 in the control group, 280.65 ± 100.22 in the TPN group, p < 0.05) levels during the same periods. In addition, there were no significant differences in CRBSI incidence or liver function between the non-TPN and TPN groups. Furthermore, the TPN group experienced a shorter length of hospital stay (48.06 ± 13.90 in the control group, 42.13 ± 14.22* in the TPN group, p < 0.05) and lower rates of unexpected rehospitalization (37.1% in the control group, 21.4% in the TPN group, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that effective TPN formulations improved nutritional status, ensured patient safety, and contributed to better clinical outcomes in HSCT patients at high nutritional risk. These findings support the use of nutritional interventions in hematologic malignancy patients receiving induction therapy prior to transplantation.
The deep learning radiomics nomogram helps to evaluate the lymph node status in cervical adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma
Authors: Xiao Mei Ling , Fu Le , Qian Ting , Wei Yan , Ma Feng Hua , Li Yong Ai , Cheng Jie Jun , Qian Zhao Xia , Zhang Guo Fu , Qiang Jin Wei
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The accurate assessment of lymph node metastasis (LNM) can facilitate clinical decision-making on radiotherapy or radical hysterectomy (RH) in cervical adenocarcinoma (AC)/adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC). This study aims to develop a deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) to preoperatively evaluate LNM in cervical AC/ASC.

Materials and methods

A total of 652 patients from a multicenter were enrolled and randomly allocated into primary, internal, and external validation cohorts. The radiomics features were extracted from axial T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI). The DL features from T2WI, DWI, and CE-T1WI were exported from Resnet 34, which was pretrained by 14 million natural images of the ImageNet dataset. The radscore (RS) and DL score (DLS) were independently obtained after repeatability test, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm performed on the radiomics and DL feature sets. The DLRN was then developed by integrating the RS, DLS, and independent clinicopathological factors for evaluating the LNM in cervical AC/ASC.

Results

The nomogram of DLRN-integrated FIGO stage, menopause, RS, and DLS achieved AUCs of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.74–0.83), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81–0.92), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79–0.91) in the primary, internal, and external validation cohorts. Compared with the RS, DLS, and clinical models, DLRN had a significant higher AUC for evaluating LNM (all P < 0.005).

Conclusions

The nomogram of DLRN can accurately evaluate LNM in cervical AC/ASC.
High-angular resolution diffusion tensor imaging: physical foundation and geometric framework
Authors: Florack Luc , Sengers Rick
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a statistical physics-based data assimilation model for the mobility of water-bound hydrogen nuclear spins in the brain in the context of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI or DW-MRI). Point of departure is a statistical hopping model that emulates molecular motion in the presence of static and stationary microscale obstacles, statistically reflected in the apparent inhomogeneous anisotropic DWI signal profiles. Subsequently, we propose a Riemann–Finsler geometric interpretation in terms of a metric transform that simulates this molecular process as free diffusion on a vacuous manifold with all diffusion obstacles absorbed in its geometry. The geometrization procedure supports the reconstruction of neural tracts (geodesic tractography) and their quantitative characterization (tractometry). The Riemann-DTI model for geodesic tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) arises as a limiting case. The genuine Finslerian case is a geometric representation of high-angular resolution DTI, i.e., a generalized rank-two DTI framework without the quadratic restriction implied by a simplifying Gaussianity assumption on local diffusion or a second-order harmonic approximation of local orientation distributions.