bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of High-Frequency Oscillations (80–500 Hz) Recorded in Human Epileptic Hippocampus and Entorhinal Cortex
Authors: Staba Richard J. , Wilson Charles L. , Bragin Anatol , Fried Itzhak , Engel Jerome
Published: December 2017

High-frequency oscillations (100–200 Hz), termed ripples, have been identified in hippocampal (Hip) and entorhinal cortical (EC) areas of rodents and humans. In contrast, higher-frequency oscillations (250–500 Hz), termed fast ripples (FR), have been described in seizure-generating limbic areas of rodents made epileptic by intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid and observed in humans ipsilateral to areas of seizure initiation. However, quantitative studies supporting the existence of two spectrally distinct oscillatory events have not been carried out in humans nor has the preferential appearance of FR within seizure generating areas received statistical evaluation based on analysis of a large sample of oscillatory events. Interictal oscillations within the bandwidth of 80–500 Hz were detected in Hip and EC areas of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy using wideband EEG recorded during non-rapid eye-movement sleep from chronically implanted depth electrodes. Power spectral analysis showed that oscillations detected from Hip and EC areas were composed of two spectrally distinct groups. The lower-frequency ripple group was defined by a frequency of 96 ± 14 Hz (median ± width), while the higher-frequency FR group had a frequency of 262 ± 59 Hz. FR oscillations were significantly shorter in duration compared with ripple oscillations ( P < 0.0001). In regard to the occurrence of FR and ripples in epileptic Hip and EC, the mean ratio of the number of FR to ripples generated in areas ipsilateral to seizure onset was significantly higher compared with the mean ratio of FR to ripple generation from contralateral areas ( P = 0.008). Furthermore, sites ipsilateral to seizure onset with hippocampal atrophy had significantly higher ratios compared with sites contralateral to both seizure onset and hippocampal atrophy ( P = 0.001). These data provide compelling quantitative and statistical evidence for the existence of two spectrally distinct groups of limbic oscillations that have frequency and duration characteristics similar to those previously described in epileptic rat and human Hip and EC. The strong association between FR and regions of seizure initiation supports the view that FR reflects pathological hypersynchronous events crucially associated with seizure genesis.
Orientation Selectivity Is Reduced by Monocular Deprivation in Combination With PKA Inhibitors
Authors: Beaver Chris J. , Fischer Quentin S. , Ji Qinghua , Daw Nigel W.
Published: December 2017

We have previously shown that the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, 8-chloroadenosine-3′,5′–monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-Cl-cAMPS), abolishes ocular dominance plasticity in the cat visual cortex. Here we investigate the effect of this inhibitor on orientation selectivity. The inhibitor reduces orientation selectivity in monocularly deprived animals but not in normal animals. In other words, PKA inhibitors by themselves do not affect orientation selectivity, nor does monocular deprivation by itself, but monocular deprivation in combination with a PKA inhibitor does affect orientation selectivity. This result is found for the receptive fields in both deprived and nondeprived eyes. Although there is a tendency for the orientation selectivity in the nondeprived eye to be higher than the orientation selectivity in the deprived eye, the orientation selectivity in both eyes is considerably less than normal. The result is striking in animals at 4 wk of age. The effect of the monocular deprivation on orientation selectivity is reduced at 6 wk of age and absent at 9 wk of age, while the effect on ocular dominance shifts is less changed in agreement with previous results showing that the critical period for orientation/direction selectivity ends earlier than the critical period for ocular dominance. We conclude that closure of one eye in combination with inhibition of PKA reduces orientation selectivity during the period that orientation selectivity is still mutable and that the reduction in orientation selectivity is transferred to the nondeprived eye.
Localizing Visual Discrimination Processes in Time and Space
Authors: Hopf Jens-Max , Vogel Edward , Woodman Geoffrey , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Luck Steven J.
Published: December 2017

Previous studies of visual processing in humans using event-related potentials (ERPs) have demonstrated that task-related modulations of an early component called the “N1” wave (140–200 ms) reflect the operation of a voluntary discrimination process. Specifically, this component is larger in tasks requiring target discrimination than in tasks requiring simple detection. The present study was designed to localize this discriminative process in both time and space by means of combined magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and ERP recordings. Discriminative processing led to differential ERP and MEG activity beginning within 150 ms of stimulus onset. Source localization of the combined ERP/MEG data was performed using anatomical constraints from structural magnetic resonance images. These analyses revealed highly reliable and focused activity in regions of inferior occipital-temporal cortex. These findings indicate that the earliest measurable correlates of discriminative operations in the visual system appear as neural activity in circumscribed regions of the ventral processing stream.
Simulation and Practical Implementation of ANFIS-Based MPPT Method for PV Applications Using Isolated Ćuk Converter
Authors: Noman Abdullah M. , Addoweesh Khaled E. , Alolah Abdulrahman I.
Published: December 2017

Photovoltaic (PV) module behavior is not linear in nature with respect to environmental conditions and hence exhibits nonlinear PV curves. There is only a single point in the nonlinear PV curve at which the power is maximum. Therefore, special methods have been proposed to track this maximum power point (MPP). This paper proposed an intelligent method for MPP tracking (MPPT) based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller. The proposed system consists of a PV module connected to a DC-DC isolated Ćuk converter and load. A MATLAB/SIMULINK-based MPPT model is built to test the behavior of the proposed method. The proposed method is tested under different weather scenarios. Simulation results exhibit the successful tracking of the proposed method under all ambient conditions. Comparison of the tracking behavior of the proposed method with the perturb and observe method is also presented in the simulation results. In addition, a 220 W prototype with the help of dSPACE 1104 data acquisition system is built and tested under practical weather conditions on a sunny day as well as on a cloudy day. Experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. These results exhibit satisfactory performance under different practical weather conditions.
Serum Interleukin-23 in Polish Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Association with Lupus Nephritis, Obesity, and Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Fischer Katarzyna , Przepiera-Będzak Hanna , Sawicki Marcin , Walecka Anna , Brzosko Iwona , Brzosko Marek
Published: December 2017

Objectives. To analyze the correlation between the serum concentration of interleukin- (IL-) 23 and atherosclerotic changes, traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, the autoantibody profile, and involvement of selected organs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.Patients and Methods. We studied 94 SLE patients and 27 controls. We analyzed the IL-23 serum concentration, autoantibodies, carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaque, the ankle-brachial index, atherosclerotic risk factors, and organ manifestations.Results. Concentrations of IL-23 significantly differed between SLE patients and the controls (p=0.0015). On the basis of multivariate stepwise analysis, we revealed that high levels of IL-23 were associated with atherosclerotic plaque in common femoral arteries (OR = 12.67; 95% CI: 1.41–113.84), lupus nephritis (OR = 3.69; 95% CI: 1.16–12.22), and obesity (OR = 4.21; 95% CI: 1.40–12.67). Autoantibodies related to IL-23 were anti-phosphatidylethanolamine antibodies (OR = 11.06; 95% CI: 1.24–98.65) and anti-SS-B/La antibodies (OR = 15.43; 95% CI: 1.73–137.25).Conclusions. IL-23 may be involved in lupus nephritis pathogenesis. Through its association with obesity and selected antiphospholipid antibodies, IL-23 might promote a hypercoagulable state contributing to atherothrombosis development in SLE patients.
BET Proteins as Targets for Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Stathis Anastasios , Bertoni Francesco
Published: December 2017

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers that regulate gene expression and are involved in cancer pathogenesis. Over the last years, several BET inhibitors have been developed and clinically tested. Results from the first clinical trials show limited single-agent activity in a small subset of patients with hematologic malignancies and in NUT carcinoma. Adverse events have been observed and may limit treatment compliance. Here, we review the preclinical rationale for targeting BET proteins in cancer and the preliminary results from clinical trials, and outline future directions for the use of BET inhibitors as antitumor agents.

Significance: BET inhibitors represent a new class of anticancer agents. Results from the first clinical trials confirm the antitumor potential of BET inhibitors, but their efficacy as single agents seems to be limited. Based on preclinical data, combination therapies with other anticancer agents and the development of a new generation of compounds may open new possibilities for targeting BET proteins as effective anticancer strategies. Cancer Discov; 8(1); 24–36. ©2017 AACR.
The OU-ISIR Gait Database comprising the Large Population Dataset with Age and performance evaluation of age estimation
Authors: Xu Chi , Makihara Yasushi , Ogi Gakuto , Li Xiang , Yagi Yasushi , Lu Jianfeng
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we describe the world’s largest gait database, the “OU-ISIR Gait Database, Large Population Dataset with Age (OULP-Age)” and its application to a statistically reliable performance evaluation of gait-based age estimation. Whereas existing gait databases include only 4016 subjects at most, we constructed an extremely large-scale gait database that includes 63,846 subjects (31,093 males and 32,753 females) with ages ranging from 2 to 90 years old. Benchmark algorithms of gait-based age estimation were then implemented to evaluate statistically significant performance differences. Additionally, the dependence of gait-based age estimation performance on gender and age group, in addition to the number of training subjects, was investigated to provide several insights for future research on the topic.
miR-222 isoforms are differentially regulated by type-I interferon
Authors: Nejad Charlotte , Pillman Katherine A. , Siddle Katherine J. , Pépin Geneviève , Änkö Minna-Liisa , McCoy Claire E. , Beilharz Traude H. , Quintana-Murci Lluís , Goodall Gregory J. , Bracken Cameron P. , Gantier Michael P.
Published: December 2017

Endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) often exist as multiple isoforms (known as “isomiRs”) with predominant variation around their 3′-end. Increasing evidence suggests that different isomiRs of the same family can have diverse functional roles, as recently demonstrated with the example of miR-222-3p 3′-end variants. While isomiR levels from a same miRNA family can vary between tissues and cell types, change of templated isomiR stoichiometry to stimulation has not been reported to date. Relying on small RNA-sequencing analyses, we demonstrate here that miR-222-3p 3′-end variants >23 nt are specifically decreased upon interferon (IFN) β stimulation of human fibroblasts, while shorter isoforms are spared. This length-dependent dynamic regulation of long miR-222-3p 3′-isoforms and >40 other miRNA families was confirmed in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells following infection with Salmonella Typhimurium, underlining the breadth of 3′-length regulation by infection, beyond the example of miR-222-3p. We further show that stem–loop miRNA Taqman RT-qPCR exhibits selectivity between 3′-isoforms, according to their length, and that this can lead to misinterpretation of results when these isoforms are differentially regulated. Collectively, and to our knowledge, this work constitutes the first demonstration that the stoichiometry of highly abundant templated 3′-isoforms of a same miRNA family can be dynamically regulated by a stimulus. Given that such 3′-isomiRs can have different functions, our study underlines the need to consider isomiRs when investigating miRNA-based regulation.
Moving forward with regulatory lookback
Authors: Coglianese Cary
Published: December 2017

Contribuições para o avanço da regulação retrospectiva When he announced his administration’s regulatory “lookback” initiative in 2011, President Obama rightly called on government agencies to establish ongoing routines for reviewing existing regulations to determine if they need modification or repeal. In subsequent years, the Obama Administration’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (Oira) oversaw a major initiative that prompted dozens of federal agencies to review hundreds of regulations. The Obama Administration’s regulatory initiative represented a good first step toward increasing the retrospective review of regulation, but by itself it was able to do little to build a lasting culture of serious regulatory evaluation. After all, past administrations have made similar review efforts, but these ad hoc exercises also never took root. To get serious about institutionalizing the practice of retrospective review, the federal government will need to take further steps in the coming years. This essay offers three feasible actions — guidelines, plans, and prompts — that an Oira Administrator should take to move forward with regulatory lookback and improve both the regularity and rigor of regulatory evaluation. Quando anunciou sua iniciativa de regulação retrospectiva da administração, em 2011, o presidente Obama pediu justamente às agências governamentais que estabelecessem rotinas em andamento para revisar os regulamentos existentes e determinar se eles precisavam de modificação ou revogação. Nos anos subsequentes, o Escritório de Informação e Assuntos Regulatórios da Administração Obama (Oira) supervisionou uma grande iniciativa que levou dezenas de agências federais a revisar centenas de regulamentos. A iniciativa regulatória da administração de Obama representou um bom primeiro passo para aumentar a revisão retrospectiva da regulamentação, mas, por si só, fez pouco para construir uma cultura duradoura de avaliação regulamentar séria. Afinal, as administrações anteriores fizeram esforços de revisão semelhantes, mas esses exercícios ad hoc também nunca criaram raízes. Para levar a sério a institucionalização da prática de revisão retrospectiva, o governo federal precisará dar mais passos nos próximos anos. Este artigo oferece três ações viáveis — diretrizes, planos e instruções — que um administrador da Oira deve tomar para avançar com a retrospectiva regulatória e melhorar a regularidade e o rigor da avaliação regulatória.
Autonomia da ação de responsabilidade de pessoas jurídicas no Brasil com fundamento na Lei nº 12.846/2013
Authors: De Oliveira Luciano Moreira
Published: December 2017

Autonomy of the action of responsibility of legal entities in Brazil based on Law 12.846/2013 A efetiva aplicação do princípio republicano (art. 1º da Constituição), para além de impor aos gestores públicos a condução das atividades estatais em conformidade com os interesses coletivos, também implica a responsabilização de agentes públicos por condutas desviantes. Nessa linha, o contínuo aprimoramento do sistema normativo para prevenir e reprimir a corrupção é um dever que se extrai diretamente da norma constitucional, sobretudo no contexto de novas e modernas práticas ilícitas. Nesse contexto, a Lei nº 12.846/2013 tem um importante papel na medida em que prevê a responsabilidade objetiva, administrativa e civil, de pessoas jurídicas pela prática de atos contra a administração pública nacional ou estrangeira. O adequado manejo da ação de responsabilidade é o tema de que trata este artigo, que busca harmonizá-la com os demais instrumentos já previstos no ordenamento jurídico. The effective application of the republican principle (article 1º of the Brazilian Constitution), in addition to imposing on public managers the conduct of state activities in accordance with collective interests also entails the punishment of public agents for deviant conduct. So, the continuous improvement of the normative system to prevent and repress corruption is a duty that derives directly from the constitutional rule, especially in the context of new and modern illicit practices. In this context, Law nº 12.846/2013 plays an important role insofar as it provides for the objective liability, administrative and civil, of legal persons for the performance of acts against the national or foreign public administration. The proper handling of the liability action is the subject addressed in this paper, which intends to harmonize it with the other instruments already provided for in the legal system.
Poderes do relator em colaboração premiada
Authors: Mello Ministro Celso de
Published: December 2017

.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA E CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO DE FEIRANTES
Authors: Carvalho Jakeline de Jesus , Aguiar Maria Geralda Gomes
Published: December 2017

Os trabalhadores feirantes desenvolvem suas atividades em condições de trabalho que os tornam vulneráveis a impactos sociais, econômicos, psicológicos e físicos inerentes à atividade informal que desempenham. O estudo objetivou descrever fatores relacionados ao trabalho que contribuem para a qualidade de vida de feirantes que atuam na feira livre da Cidade Nova em Feira de Santana – BA. Realizou-se estudo qualitativo, exploratório, com 11 feirantes, mediante entrevista semiestruturada. O corpus foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. Evidenciou-se que fatores ambientais como condições inadequadas de higiene e poluição sonora contribuem na qualidade de vida e interferem no processo saúde-doença. A falta de tempo para o lazer devido à carga horária extensa e os baixos rendimentos são motivos de insatisfação no trabalho. A satisfação no trabalho é atrelada à autonomia que a atividade laboral proporciona; a insatisfação está relacionada às suas precárias condições. As condições de trabalho influem na percepção da qualidade de vida, configurando-se como fatores contribuintes no processo saúde-doença.
Construcción de conocimiento colaborativo mediado tecnológicamente: aportaciones teóricas desde el análisis de prácticas educativas
Authors: Casillas Martín Sonia , Cabezas González Marcos , Hernández Martín Azucena
Published: December 2017

El aprendizaje colaborativo ha sido objeto de un gran interés en el ámbito de la investigación educativa debido a las potencialidades del proceso de colaboración en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, la construcción de sus conocimientos, el desarrollo de diversas capacidades y la mejora del rendimiento académico. A partir de una revisión conceptual y de la reflexión exhaustiva sobre este tema, nuestro trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio de casos realizado en distintos centros educativos castellano-leoneses, para identificar pautas de actuación comunes, mediante la puesta en práctica de métodos de aprendizaje colaborativo mediados por el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). Entre los múltiples resultados ofrecidos, concluimos destacando la necesidad de planificar de forma muy cuidadosa el trabajo colaborativo aprovechando las posibilidades que ofrecen las TIC, como entornos comunicativos donde poder construir un conocimiento conjunto y compartido.
The Multilateralisation of Soviet Bloc Security: The Hungarian Revolution from an Eastern European Perspective
Authors: Crump Laurien
Published: December 2017

The Hungarian Revolution is often analysed in a national context or from the angle of Hungarian-Soviet relations. From this perspective, the Eastern European satellites seem mere puppets and the Soviet bloc a monolith. Archival evidence nevertheless shows that the Kremlin actually attempted to build a new kind of international relations after Stalin’s death in 1953, in which the Eastern European leaders would gain more scope for manoeuvre. This attempt at liberalisation even facilitated the uprisings in Hungary in 1956. Avoiding a teleological approach to the Hungarian Revolution, this article argues that the Soviet invasion was neither inevitable, nor wholly unilateral. Khrushchev even sought to legitimise the invasion in bilateral and multilateral consultations. There was a mutual interest in sacrificing Hungary’s sovereignty to safeguard the communist monopoly on power. This multilateralisation of Soviet bloc security is an important explanatory factor in an analysis of the Revolution and its repercussions in Eastern Europe.
A “dança das línguas”
Authors: Blume Rosvitha Friesen
Published: December 2017

Em tempos de grandes movimentos migratórios como os que presenciamos na atualidade, o papel da tradução, bem como o da escrita autobiográfica se tornam questões prementes. A primeira, uma necessidade pragmática para a sobrevivência no novo meio; a segunda, uma tentativa de processamento de experiências que representam incisões profundas na biografia pessoal dos sujeitos migrantes. Com base nas pesquisas de Karpinski (2012) sobre autobiografia, migração e tradução, objetiva-se, aqui, realizar uma análise de alguns textos das escritoras radicadas na Alemanha Emine Sevgi Özdamar e Yoko Tawada. Elas são representantes de uma literatura autoficcional em língua alemã que narra histórias de deslocamentos geográficos, culturais e linguísticos, deslocamentos esses que demandam multifacetados exercícios de tradução, tanto interlinguísticos quanto culturais e identitários. Escritas como essas revelam o papel ético-político da autora-tradutora a serviço da mediação e da aproximação entre línguas-culturas-geografias supostamente distantes.
Tradução e Terminologia
Authors: Bevilacqua Cleci Regina , Kilian Cristiane Krause
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar a relação existente entre Tradução e Terminologia, enfocando os aspectos relativos à formação dos futuros tradutores bem como à sua atuação profissional na área. Enfocam-se alguns aspectos teóricos da Terminologia a partir da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT) e são tratados e exemplificados aspectos relativos ao estabelecimento de equivalentes no texto de chegada (TC) para os termos do texto de partida (TP), à identificação de formas variantes para um mesmo termo e à neologia terminológica. Além disso, busca-se mostrar os critérios de avaliação de produtos terminográficos e sua aplicação na escolha de recursos que auxiliam o tradutor na tomada de decisões. Ilustra-se a aplicação desses conhecimentos no processo de aquisição da competência tradutória em disciplinas de um Curso de Bacharelado em Tradução. Acredita-se que a formação em Terminologia auxilia no desenvolvimento da competência tradutória e de suas subcompetências, o que a torna um recurso fundamental na tradução de textos, assegurando qualidade do texto traduzido tanto do ponto de vista linguístico quanto do especializado.
Traditions and innovation in Interpreting Studies
Authors: Gile Daniel
Published: December 2017

In line with this issue’s main theme, traditions and innovation, the present review of Interpreting Studies (IS) focuses on what can be considered traditions in this very young (sub-)discipline, and attempts to identify trends which mark changes in them. Since this reviewer’s training and experience have been centered around conference interpreting, conference interpreting is the natural vantage point for his analysis. The data available for the analysis are probably rather representative for conference interpreting and make it possible to make some claims – the reviewer has been compiling conference interpreting data systematically for over 25 years – but the degree to which they are representative as regards other forms of interpreting is uncertain, which makes it difficult to make quantitative assessments of trends.
A audiodescrição na Extensão Universitária
Authors: Alves Soraya Ferreira , Vigata Helena Santiago
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho visa relatar uma experiência de audiodescrição em contexto real, ligada à extensão universitária. Essa experiência consistiu na audiodescrição, realizada pelo Grupo de Pesquisa e Extensão Acesso Livre - UnB, da exposição Frida Kahlo: Conexões entre mulheres surrealistas no México, ocorrida na CAIXA Cultural de Brasília, de 13 de abril a 5 de junho de 2016. Primeiramente foram realizados estudos preliminares sobre a audiodescrição de obras de arte visuais e, em seguida, foi feita a escolha das obras a serem audiodescritas pelos alunos membros do grupo com supervisão e revisão das coordenadoras e autoras deste trabalho. Após a confecção dos roteiros, foi realizada visita à exposição com 11 pessoas com deficiência visual. O retorno dos participantes com deficiência visual e a autoavaliação dos alunos demonstram que experiências em contextos reais e com usuários reais auxiliam a treinar futuros audiodescritores com consciência da importância de sua ação cidadã, além de aprimorar suas habilidades.
Tradução, criação e poesia
Authors: Nascimento Vínicius , Martins Vanessa Regina de Oliveira , Segala Rimar Ramalho
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre o processo tradutório de textos poéticos da Língua Portuguesa (LP) para a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Nas comunidades surdas brasileiras, tanto os textos poéticos clássicos quanto os literários ainda não possuem ampla circulação, limitando o acesso dos surdos às produções culturais universais. A tradução de textos artísticos, especialmente poéticos, nesse sentido, configura desafios do ponto de vista linguístico e discursivo pelas especificidades materiais das línguas envolvidas no processo tradutório (uma de modalidade oral/auditiva/escrita e outra de modalidade visual/gestual/espacial) e pelas características de textos produzidos a partir destes gêneros. Com base na teoria da transcriação construída por Haroldo de Campos, analisa-se o processo tradutório da poesia “Deficiência”, de Alexandre Filordi de Carvalho, escrita em LP, para a Libras, com gravação e circulação em evento científico. Trata-se de uma poesia contemporânea cuja relação centra-se na reflexão entre deficiência/eficiência presentes na condição humana.
Cuatro funciones estratégicas de la diplomacia corporativa
Authors: Manfredi-Sánchez Juan Luis
Published: December 2017

La diplomacia corporativa es el desarrollo instrumental de la estrategia que ordena la relación con los poderes públicos y privados en un entorno complejo y globalizado. Las corporaciones actúan como poderes diplomáticos en la representación, la negociación, la protección y la promoción de los intereses, las cuatro funciones básicas de la diplomacia que establece la Convención de Viena de 1961. La tarea de la diplomacia corporativa es una fuente de innovación directiva y una oportunidad de desarrollo profesional.
Forschung zu sozialen Innovationen am Scheideweg
Authors: Kropp Cordula
Published: December 2017

Reaktion auf zwei Beiträge zum Thema Soziale Innovationen in GAIA 26/3 (2017): J.Howaldt und M.Schwarz, M.Jaeger-Erben et al.
Out of the Comfort Zone! Governing the Exnovation of Unsustainable Technologies and Practices
Authors: Arne Heyen Dirk , Hermwille Lukas , Wehnert Timon
Published: December 2017

Innovations are important for sustainability transformations, yet often prove insufficient for replacing established unsustainable structures. The promotion of renewable energy, for example, has been insufficient for pushing coal out of the energy market. The prevalent “innovation
bias” should be overcome by complementing innovation politics and research with a stronger occupation with the purposive termination of unsustainable technologies, products and practices. This article therefore introduces the concept of “exnovation” and discusses the need
of, as well as different approaches for, the governance of exnovation processes.
Laterally Placed CDRA with Triangular Notches for Ultra Wideband Applications
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Dileep , Venkata Kiran Duggirala , Mukherjee Biswajeet
Published: December 2017

In this paper, a Coaxial probe-fed Laterally placed Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (LCDRA) with symmetrical triangular notches is presented. The lateral surface of the Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) is kept on the ground plane with its longitudinal axis parallel to the ground plane. LCDRA has a lower resonant frequency than the CDRA and it offers considerably wider impedance bandwidth than CDRA. Finally, two symmetrical triangular notches are introduced on the two edges of LCDRA which is perpendicular to the axis to further improve the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna offers a wide impedance bandwidth (
Combination technology of deep drawing and back-moulding for plastic/metal hybrid components
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Schild Julian , Wurzbacher Simon , Tekkaya A. Erman , Hess Sigrid
Published: December 2017

The combined deep drawing and back-moulding process shows great potential to reduce manufacturing costs of plastic/metal hybrids for structural components. To achieve this, a new mould technology with the components of both forming technologies is developed. By closing the mould, the inserted metal sheet is first deep drawn, and when the mould is fully closed, it is further formed by melt pressure. It can be shown that the forming quality of the second forming step mainly depends on the packing pressure. For a controlled flow of the metal, a downholder is necessary. By adjusting the downholder, force on the thinning of the metal through forming can be controlled.
Transport phenomena in environmental engineering
Authors: Sander Aleksandra , Kardum Jasna Prlić , Matijašić Gordana , Žižek Krunoslav
Published: December 2017

A term transport phenomena arises as a second paradigm at the end of 1950s with high awareness that there was a strong need to improve the scoping of chemical engineering science. At that point, engineers became highly aware that it is extremely important to take step forward from pure empirical description and the concept of unit operations only to understand the specific process using phenomenological equations that rely on three elementary physical processes: momentum, energy and mass transport. This conceptual evolution of chemical engineering was first presented with a well-known book of R. Byron Bird, Warren E. Stewart and Edwin N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, published in 1960 [1]. What transport phenomena are included in environmental engineering? It is hard to divide those phenomena through different engineering disciplines. The core is the same but the focus changes. Intention of the authors here is to present the transport phenomena that are omnipresent in treatment of various process streams. The focus in this chapter is made on the transport phenomena that permanently occur in mechanical macroprocesses of sedimentation and filtration for separation in solid–liquid particulate systems and on the phenomena of the flow through a fixed and a fluidized bed of particles that are immanent in separation processes in packed columns and in environmental catalysis. The fundamental phenomena for each thermal and equilibrium separation process technology are presented as well. Understanding and mathematical description of underlying transport phenomena result in scoping the separation processes in a way that ChEs should act worldwide.
Air pollution and public health: the challenges for Delhi, India
Authors: Sharma Arun Kumar , Baliyan Palak , Kumar Prashant
Published: December 2017

Mitigating the impact of pollution on human health worldwide is important to limit the morbidity and mortality arising from exposure to its effect. The level and type of pollutants vary in different urban and rural settings. Here, we explored the extent of air pollution and its impacts on human health in the megacity of Delhi (India) through a review of the published literature. The study aims at describing the extent of air pollution in Delhi, the magnitude of health problems due to air pollution and the risk relationship between air pollution and associated health effects. We found 234 published articles in the PubMed search. The search showed that the extent of air pollution in Delhi has been described by various researchers from about 1986 onwards. We synthesized the findings and discuss them at length with respect to reported values, their possible interpretations and any limitations of the methodology. The chemical composition of ambient air pollution is also discussed. Further, we discuss the magnitude of health problem with respect to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), bronchial asthma and other illnesses. The results of the literature search showed that data has been collected in last 28 years on ambient air quality in Delhi, though it lacks a scientific continuity, consistency of locations and variations in parameters chosen for reporting. As a result, it is difficult to construct a spatiotemporal picture of the air pollution status in Delhi over time. The number of sites from where data have been collected varied widely across studies and methods used for data collection is also non-uniform. Even the parameters studied are varied, as some studies focused on particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and those ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), and others on suspended particulate matter (SPM) and respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM). Similarly, the locations of data collection have varied widely. Some of the sites were at busy traffic intersections, some on the terraces of offices and residential houses and others in university campuses or airports. As a result, the key question of the extent of pollution and its distribution across various parts of the city could be inferred. None of the studies or a combination of them could present a complete picture of the burden of diseases like COPD, bronchial asthma and other allergic conditions attributable to pollution in Delhi. Neither could it be established what fraction of the burden of the above diseases is attributable to ambient air pollution, given that other factors like tobacco smoke and indoor air pollution are also contributors to the causation of such diseases. In our discussion, we highlight the knowledge gaps and in the conclusion, we suggested what research can be undertaken to fill the these research gaps.
Die Frage nach der Frage
Authors: Röbel Marc
Published: December 2017

Up to now, Paul Tillich’s approach to correlation has been perceived predominantly as a theological method, which is also suggested by his three-volume Systematic Theology. On the basis of Tillich’s Berlin lecture on ontology (1951), this article examines the philosophical side of the correlation. Behind his theologically oriented designation of the relationship between the questions of human existence on the one hand and the answers of revelatory religion on the other stands an independent philosophy of the question, which one can characterize as an existential-ontologically based art of questioning.
Effects of aerobic plus explosive power exercises on bone remodeling and bone mineral density in young men
Authors: Çay Veysi , Buyukyazi Gurbuz , Ulman Cevval , Taneli Fatma , Doğru Yeliz , Tıkız Hakan , Gümüşer Gül , Oran Arzu , Keskinoğlu Pembe
Published: December 2017

Objectives

This study aims to examine effects of aerobic jogging and explosive power exercises on body composition, maximal oxygen consumption (MaxVO2), bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turn-over markers: serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), C terminal telopeptide (CTx), Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), in men aged between 20 and 40.

Materials and methods

Thirty seven healthy males were divided into exercise group (EG, n=19) and control group (CG, n=18). EG completed 10 weeks of outdoor aerobic (jogging at 60–70% maximal heart rate reserve starting from 20 min steadily increasing up to 28 min) and explosive power exercises (in 2–3 sets, with maximum repetitions lasting 15 s), 3 times per week. All measurements were taken before and after the exercise program. BMD was measured via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Results

Body mass index (p<0.001) significantly decreased; MaxVO2 (p<0.001), femur neck (p=0.036) and total score BMD significantly increased in EG (p=0.034). BAP and vitamin D increased in both groups (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Performing our outdoor exercise program in spring months might have an important role in the significant increase (9 vs. 22 ng/mL) in mean vitamin D level, which reached above the fracture risk level of 20 ng/mL.
Triplet Solvation Dynamics of Hydrogen Bonding Liquids in Confinement
Authors: Weigl Peter , Talluto Vincenzo , Walther Thomas , Blochowicz Thomas
Published: December 2017

We have developed a flexible experimental setup to conduct triplet solvation dynamics (TSD) experiments. The setup is capable of exciting dyes at 355, 320 and 266 nm. Phosphorescence spectra can be recorded up to a 10 ns-resolution usually covering three decades using a grating spectrograph and a CCD camera. In this contribution, we describe the experimental setup as well as first investigations on water-alcohol mixtures, microemulsions and new dyes for TSD, i.e. naphthalene derivates, which take full advantage of this experimental method sensitive to the local environment of the dyes.
Algorithms, Abstractions, and Iterations: Teaching Computational Thinking Using Protein Synthesis Translation
Authors: Peel Amanda , Friedrichsen Patricia
Published: December 2017

One of the eight Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) scientific practices is using mathematics and computational thinking (CT). CT is not merely a data analysis tool, but also a problem-solving tool. By utilizing computing concepts, people can sequentially and logically solve complex science and engineering problems. In this article, we share a successful lesson using protein synthesis to teach CT. This lesson focuses primarily on modeling and simulation practices with an extension activity focusing on the computational problem-solving practices of CT. We identify and define five CT concepts within the aforementioned practices that form the foundation of CT: algorithm, abstraction, iteration, branching, and variable. In this lesson, we utilize a game to familiarize students with CT basics, and then use their new CT foundation to design, construct, and evaluate algorithms within the context of protein synthesis. As an optional extension to the lesson, students enter the problem-solving environment to create a program that translates mRNA triplet codons to an amino acid chain. We argue that biology classrooms are ideal contexts for CT learning because biological processes function as a system, and understanding how the system functions requires algorithmic thinking and problem-solving skills.
Investigating Heat Exchange in Ecosystems with Bottle Biology
Authors: Woller-Skar M. Megan , Dobson Chris , Snyder Heather
Published: December 2017

Logistics often limit the number of field-based labs that include different types of ecosystems. Moreover, few lab classes allow students the opportunity to measure ecosystem-level changes. This article describes an activity appropriate for high school biology or introductory collegiate biology courses, where bottle biology can provide an opportunity for students to measure differences in temperature and humidity that result with different types of vegetation. This approach allows students to develop an understanding of how ecosystems transfer energy and cycle water, as well as the implications of land use change, such as timber harvest or grassland restoration, on regional climate.
Fine-Scale Recombination Maps of Fungal Plant Pathogens Reveal Dynamic Recombination Landscapes and Intragenic Hotspots
Authors: Stukenbrock Eva H , Dutheil Julien Y
Published: December 2017

Meiotic recombination is an important driver of evolution. Variability in the intensity of recombination across chromosomes can affect sequence composition, nucleotide variation, and rates of adaptation. In many organisms, recombination events are concentrated within short segments termed recombination hotspots. The variation in recombination rate and positions of recombination hotspot can be studied using population genomics data and statistical methods. In this study, we conducted population genomics analyses to address the evolution of recombination in two closely related fungal plant pathogens: the prominent wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici and a sister species infecting wild grasses Z. ardabiliae. We specifically addressed whether recombination landscapes, including hotspot positions, are conserved in the two recently diverged species and if recombination contributes to rapid evolution of pathogenicity traits. We conducted a detailed simulation analysis to assess the performance of methods of recombination rate estimation based on patterns of linkage disequilibrium, in particular in the context of high nucleotide diversity. Our analyses reveal overall high recombination rates, a lack of suppressed recombination in centromeres, and significantly lower recombination rates on chromosomes that are known to be accessory. The comparison of the recombination landscapes of the two species reveals a strong correlation of recombination rate at the megabase scale, but little correlation at smaller scales. The recombination landscapes in both pathogen species are dominated by frequent recombination hotspots across the genome including coding regions, suggesting a strong impact of recombination on gene evolution. A significant but small fraction of these hotspots colocalize between the two species, suggesting that hotspot dynamics contribute to the overall pattern of fast evolving recombination in these species.
Simulación como parte de la Gestión de Crisis
Authors: Arias Bailly Bruno
Published: December 2017

Éste articulo parte de la problemática que tienen las organizaciones para enfrentarse a eventos inesperados que nunca experimentaron, y de conocer cuán grave podría ser para la continuidad del negocio. Así mismo busca la relación que existe entre tres conceptos: La Gestión de Crisis, Simulación de vida y la Gestión del Conocimiento. Por tales razones propone el experimento de colocar a un grupo de miembros de cada organización dentro de un escenario que simule a una empresa ficticia afectada por crisis, para luego mostrar aceptación o rechazo de la simulación como herramienta para la Gestión de Crisis, así como herramienta para crear y compartir conocimiento de forma dinámica. Con el fin de apoyar la misión, se presentan algunas teorías y afirmaciones de diferentes autores relacionadas a conceptos tales como las formas de aprendizaje en el ser humano, crisis, gestión de crisis, simulación, gestión de conocimiento y el modelo de aceptación de tecnologías denominado TAM III. El experimento se llevó a cabo en dos bancos de la ciudad de Lima, los cuales también fueron sometidos a entrevistas y cuestionario que permitieran conocer la percepción de utilidad y fácil uso de la tecnología.
Actitud hacia al aborto en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Huamani Cahua Julio César , Serruto Castillo Alison
Published: December 2017

En este estudio exploramos la actitud hacia el aborto en 400 estudiantes de cuatro universidades de la ciudad de Arequipa (100 estudiantes por universidad). El instrumento utilizado fue la Escala de Actitud hacia el Aborto de García (1990). Se obtuvo un valor promedio de 67.833 puntos, que indica una actitud favorable hacia el aborto. Asimismo, no se encontraron diferencias con respecto a la edad, género ni universidad de origen; sin embargo, existen diferencias significativas (p<0.05) según carrera profesional. Asimismo, las variables investigadas no explican la actitud hacia el aborto (p>0.1293; R2= 0.0434).
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Early Childhood Obesity
Authors: Isong Inyang A. , Rao Sowmya R. , Bind Marie-Abèle , Avendaño Mauricio , Kawachi Ichiro , Richmond Tracy K.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVES:

The prevalence of childhood obesity is significantly higher among racial and/or ethnic minority children in the United States. It is unclear to what extent well-established obesity risk factors in infancy and preschool explain these disparities. Our objective was to decompose racial and/or ethnic disparities in children’s weight status according to contributing socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors.

METHODS:

We used nationally representative data from ∼10 700 children in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort who were followed from age 9 months through kindergarten entry. We assessed the contribution of socioeconomic factors and maternal, infancy, and early childhood obesity risk factors to racial and/or ethnic disparities in children’s BMI z scores by using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analyses.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of risk factors varied significantly by race and/or ethnicity. African American children had the highest prevalence of risk factors, whereas Asian children had the lowest prevalence. The major contributor to the BMI z score gap was the rate of infant weight gain during the first 9 months of life, which was a strong predictor of BMI z score at kindergarten entry. The rate of infant weight gain accounted for between 14.9% and 70.5% of explained disparities between white children and their racial and/or ethnic minority peers. Gaps in socioeconomic status were another important contributor that explained disparities, especially those between white and Hispanic children. Early childhood risk factors, such as fruit and vegetable consumption and television viewing, played less important roles in explaining racial and/or ethnic differences in children’s BMI z scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Differences in rapid infant weight gain contribute substantially to racial and/or ethnic disparities in obesity during early childhood. Interventions implemented early in life to target this risk factor could help curb widening racial and/or ethnic disparities in early childhood obesity.