bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of contact fungicides to four Trichoderma species: an in vitro compatibility approach
Authors: Parraguirre-Lezama Conrado , Romero-Arenas Omar , Cruz Coronel Alba , Mauricio-Gutiérrez Amparo , Contreras-Paredes Carlos A , Rivera Tapia Antonio
Published: December 2024

Objective/Background. The transition towards responsible agricultural practices is essential to promote the health of agroecosystems and ensure food security. Promoting comprehensive research that combines chemical and biological methods represents a significant advance in the management of phytopathogens. This novel approach is based on the premise that the joint action between fungicides and an antagonistic agent such as Trichoderma spp. can offer robust protection compared to individual approaches. The objective of the study is to investigate the in vitro resistance and compatibility of four Trichoderma species against three fungicides widely used in Mexico. Materials and Methods. The controlled poisoning technique was used in PDA medium under controlled conditions with three concentrations (450, 900 and 1350 mg L−1) for the active ingredients Captan and Chlorothalonil, while for Mancozeb 600, 1200 and 1800 mg L−1 were used. Compatibility was determined in relation to the control group using the statistical software SPSS Statistics version 26 for the Windows operating environment. Results. The study revealed that the strains of T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. koningiopsis and T. asperellum exhibited an overall compatibility of 60.04% for the active ingredients evaluated, with the fungicide Captan 50® showing the highest percentage of compatibility (79.87%) at concentrations of 450, 900 and 1350 mg L–1. T. harzianum showed greater tolerance to the active ingredient Chlorothalonil at a concentration of 450 mg L⁻¹, however, at higher concentrations it showed greater toxicity, with T. koningiopsis exhibiting the lowest resistance at its three tested concentrations. Conclusion. Treatments with different concentrations of the fungicides Captan, Mancozeb and Chlorothalonil showed a marked variability in terms of prevalence and toxicity towards the tested Trichoderma species in vitro. This approach allows the design of integrated management strategies minimizing the dependence on chemical products and promoting compatibility between biological agents and fungicides.
Calculation method of dynamic loads in plunger deep-well pumps for oil production
Authors: Urazakov Kamil R. , Gorbunov Danila D.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. Plunger units, in particular rod and rodless ones with surface and submerged drive, are widely used in the oil industry for extraction of high-viscosity emulsion from marginal wells. The main advantage of such units is the possibility to operate in conditions of highly viscous emulsions with viscosity values up to 200–300 cPs. However, there are peculiarities of plunger unit operation, which lead to some complications. One of the most widespread complications is high wellhead pressure, which leads to increased dynamic loads on pump and drive units. Qualitative and precise definition of wellhead pressure value depending on well and unit parameters will contribute to more effective design, operation and evaluation of plunger unit reliability. Known studies and methods of wellhead pressure determination have limitations related to single-factor influence of some parameter on wellhead pressure values. This approach is not suitable for taking into account the simultaneous influence of several parameters. Aim. Development of calculation methodology, which allows taking into account complex influence of well operation parameters on wellhead pressure value and dynamic loads on plunger rods. Objects. Fund of wells equipped with borehole rod pump units. Methods. Statistical and regression analysis of the stock of wells equipped with downhole rod pumping units, development of a neural network. Results. A stock of wells equipped with downhole sucker-rod pumps, the technological mode of which is provided by one of the companies of Privolzhsky federal district, was investigated as an example, on the basis of the specified stock the factors influencing the value of wellhead pressure were established and the technique on its forecasting was developed. The authors have proposed the method for discarding the data with a wide range of values when analyzing the factors affecting the wellhead pressure. The method consists in excluding the values of fluid viscosity not lying on the "hump" characteristic of the function "fluid viscosity – watercut". The authors developed the calculation method based on regression dependences and neural network. It allows forecasting more accurately the value of loads on the pump rods.
Peat classification by sensitivity to mechanical technogenic impacts
Authors: Kramarenko Violetta V. , Molokov Viktor Yu.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The problems associated with the weakening of the bearing capacity of peat soils because of technogenic impacts are very relevant in the development of oil and gas industry facilities in the wetlands of Western Siberia. Separately taken classifications according to undrained strength and sensitivity do not reveal the peculiarities of the behavior of weak soils at the base of structures. Therefore, the authors have proposed a different scheme of their classification. It allows assessing the change in physical and mechanical properties when their natural structure is violated during engineering and geological surveys. Aim. Peat classification in the territories of Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions according to indicators of undrained strength and sensitivity to mechanical technogenic impacts. Object. Peat soils of Western Siberia. Methods. In accordance with current standards, the research methods included the laboratory methods for determining ash content, humidity, degree of decomposition, field tests to determine the undrained strength and sensitivity coefficient of soils, the information obtained was analyzed in Excel and Statistica software packages. Results. The authors have carried out the review of russian and foreign classifications in terms of soil sensitivity, as well as methods for determining the characteristics used to calculate it and proposed a classification scheme for changes in strength indicators under mechanical influences on peat soils. The article presents the results of experimental data from field and laboratory studies of the physico-mechanical properties of the most common types of peat, their variability after technogenic impacts is estimated according to the proposed scheme using examples of well-known classifications used in the construction of roads, pipelines and for predicting vehicle cross-country ability in swampy areas. The scope of application of the proposed scheme – engineering geological survey for the design, construction, repair and reconstruction of structures – is recommended.
Technology for geostructural forecasting of gold ore occurrences using the example of a section of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma fold system (Bayag ore field, Yakutia)
Authors: Movchan Igor B. , Yakovleva Alexandra A. , Sadykova Zilya I. , Medinskaia Daria K. , Goglev Dmitry A.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. Additional exploration of Bayag gold-ore deposit (Republic of Sakha, Yakutia), requiring the localization of targets predicted for gold-sulphide occurrences of endogenous (hydrothermal) nature. Aim. Further approbation and finalizing of representative technology for interpretation of aeromagnetic survey results, using domestic unmanned aerial vehicle technology. In the context of the mentioned geological object and research goals, the research methods include the combined analysis of remote-sensing, geomorphological and aeromagnetic data based on the methods of qualitative and quantitative interpretations, which are invariant with regard to the kind of initial signal, as well as it is based on the direct and indirect forecast parameters. Used in this research interpretation methods are not dependent on the nature of initial scalar field, being measured instrumentally, and include relatively automated approaches for decoding the morphostructure of this field, its filtration and consideration of the relationship in the set of such fields of different genesis. The direct forecast parameters are supposed to be the extrapolation of reference sample within the experimental area. Indirect forecast criteria are related to pattern recognition without training and, besides the well-known classifications, they include the recalculations into quasi-elastic indicators of mining block – fragmentation parameter and stress concentrator position parameter. Results. Reduced to justifying the applicability of the method, tested by the authors, for extrapolation of quasi-periodic reference sample within the experimental area, based on pattern recognition with training and subsequent verification by geochemical estimation. The content of the conclusions is: 1) optimization of mapped target contours localized within ore-controlling tectonic zones; 2) possibility of applying predictive use of the property of quasi-periodic manifestation of structural-substantial anomalies as special case of wave structuring of the mining massif.
Forecasting electricity consumption using the Principal Component Analysis method
Authors: Rakhmonov Ikromjon U. , Niyozov Numon N. , Ushakov Vasily Ya. , Kurbonov Nurbek N. , Najimova Aysulu M.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The need for accurate forecasting of electricity consumption to improve efficiency and reduce costs at industrial enterprises, which leads to increased competitiveness of goods manufactured by the enterprise. Traditional forecasting methods often do not take into account complex interactions between various factors affecting energy consumption and do not provide the necessary forecast accuracy. The principal component analysis method offers a promising prospect – reducing the volume of processed data (dimensionality) without significant loss of information, which simplifies forecast models while maintaining their accuracy. Aim. To develop an accurate and efficient model for forecasting electricity consumption at industrial enterprises using the principal component analysis method. This model is aimed at eliminating the limitations of traditional forecasting approaches by reducing data dimensionality and increasing the accuracy of predictions, which ultimately improves the efficiency of electricity consumption and reduces financial costs, including those due to forecasting errors. Methods. The principal component analysis method, which allows us to reduce the volume of processed data (dimensionality) by transforming a large set of correlated variables into a smaller set of uncorrelated principal components. The study included the following stages: data import and factor analysis, correlation matrix construction, analysis of selected and accumulated variances for each factor, factor loading matrix construction, dimension reduction, development of a mathematical model using linear regression, and forecast installation and validation. Results. The application of the principal component analysis method allowed us to create a model for forecasting electricity consumption. Its application showed that the first principal component explains 69.65% of the total variance, the second component – ​​17.28%, i. e. together they explain almost 87% of the variance. The developed model provides good agreement between the actual and forecast values ​​of electricity consumption in several time intervals with an average error level within the range of +3 to –5%. This indicates the suitability of the model for forecasting electricity consumption, although some discrepancies indicate the need for its further improvement.
Relationship between the chemical and isotopic composition of natural waters and the newest tectonic structure in the area of Lake Glubokoe (Moscow region)
Authors: Glukhova Svetlana A. , Kharitonova Natalia A. , Ermakov Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The tectonic factor affects the hydrogeological conditions. To assess the tectonics impact on hydrogeological conditions, it is necessary to use an integrated approach. The article considers the hydrogeochemical features of groundwater formed in the area of Lake Glubokoe in the Moscow region, confined to the so-called Trostenskaya depression. Aim. To identify the isotope-chemical characteristics of groundwater due to the effect of the latest tectonic structure of the area. Methods. The chemical composition of natural waters was monitored using ion chromatography on a high-performance ion liquid chromatograph LC-20 and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7700 x spectrometer. The contents of stable isotopes of oxygen (δ17O and δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) were determined by laser light attenuation spectroscopy with an annular multi-pass cuvette on a Picarro L2140i analyzer. Results and conclusions. The groundwater of the Podolsk-Myachkovsky aquifer complex in the area of development of the Trostenskaya depression is characterized by increased mineralization, as well as a higher content of bicarbonates and calcium, compared to groundwater common in the peripheral parts of the research area. Higher concentrations of micro-components (strontium, barium, scandium, rubidium, etc.) were recorded within the studied structure. Groundwater characterized by a heavier isotopic composition (δ18O, δD, δ17O) is also confined to the Trostenskaya depression. Data on the ratio of δ18O, δ2H and δ17O in natural waters were obtained for the first time for the studied area. It is likely that groundwater in the central and northwestern parts of the study area has a heavier formed isotopic composition due to the inflow of water in the postglacial period.
Effect of the yield of liquid products on microwave pyrolysis duration
Authors: Kalinich Ivan K. , Astafev Alexander V. , Mostovshchikov Andrei V. , Tabakaev Roman B.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The need to improve the efficiency of energy use of fossil fuels and renewable biomass resources through their thermal upgrading. Aim. To establish the relationship between the yield of liquid products of microwave pyrolysis of organic raw materials with different degrees of metamorphism and the process duration. Methods. Certified SS methods for determining the thermal characteristics and elemental composition of the organic and mineral parts of organic raw materials, the “transmission–reflection” method for measuring the imaginary (ε'') and real (ε') components of the complex dielectric constant, physical experiment, gas analysis, high-speed video filming. Results. Based on the analysis of the material balance and duration of the microwave pyrolysis of various types of organic raw materials, the authors have supposed that the destruction of complex organic compounds leads to the formation of carbon new formation on the surface of the sample. This formation has high electrically conductive properties relative to the original raw materials. In the presence of a large number of such new formations in the microwave field, interparticle electrical discharges can occur, spreading along the sample, resulting in an increase in the heating rate. For raw materials with a higher yield of liquid products, the number of carbon new formations also increases. This leads to an increase in the number of discharges between such centers and a proportionate acceleration of material heating. It was experimentally shown and theoretically substantiated that the duration of the microwave pyrolysis of organic raw materials directly depends on material heating rate: due to an increase in the yield of liquid products and a subsequent increase in the concentration of carbon centers, the duration of the microwave pyrolysis process decreases. The results obtained can be used to evaluate the efficiency of microwave pyrolysis of organic raw materials or fuel compositions consisting of materials with different yields of liquid products.
Engineering method of assessing temperature and the dynamics of temperature change in the premise heated by a system based on a gas infrared heater
Authors: Borisov Boris V. , Vyatkin Alexander V. , Maksimov Vyacheslav I. , Nagornova Tatiana A.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The operation of any heating systems is determined by the interrelationship of many physical processes. Recently, for heating large premises, it has been increasingly proposed to use heating systems based on gas infrared heaters of various designs. Such systems are most relevant for large industrial premises, as they are capable of creating favorable living and working conditions in a local work area without significant costs for heating the rest of the premise. When designing complex systems, an important factor is the use of simple relationships to assess the trends of average values ​​of parameters aimed at achieving the desired result. There is a need to set the main dimensionless criteria that determine a particular process within the framework of similarity theory. Aim. To state the basic relationships and dimensionless criteria for analytical engineering assessment of the average temperature over the volume of a premise and the dynamics of its change during heating the premise by a system based on the gas infrared heaters. Objects. Heating system with gas infrared heaters. Methods. Mathematical modeling was carried out within the framework of a 0D mathematical formulation. Results. The authors have stated the main relationships and dimensionless criteria for the analytical assessment of temperature and the dynamics of its change during heating of the premise by a system based on a gas infrared heater on the basis of the approach averaged over the entire volume of the premise. The results of calculations according to the obtained relationships are presented in comparison with the results of calculations according to the full 0D model, which are verified on the results of 2D modeling and experimental measurements.
Air distribution to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions in the furnace of a boiler with tangential combustion scheme
Authors: Gil Andrey V. , Maltsev Kirill I. , Abramov Nikita V. , Puzyrev Stanislav A. , Zavorin Alexander S.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. Determined by the importance of analyzing the combustion characteristics and factors affecting the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the furnace chamber of pulverized coal-fired power boiler unit when installing tertiary air nozzles and changing the air flow rate through them, to ensure the reduction of negative anthropogenic impact on the environment. It should be noted that the use of tertiary nozzles is the most cost-effective technology of the internal furnace measures of NOx emission reduction. Aim. To analyze the effect of oxidant redistribution between secondary air and tertiary blast in the range of 40% on the burnout and NOx emission in the furnace chamber of a boiler unit with tangential burner arrangement. Objects. Power pulverized coal-fired boiler unit with natural circulation. Straight-flow burner devices are arranged according to the tangential scheme, tertiary blast nozzles are installed above the burners. Methods. Computational fluid dynamics modeling methods. For the simulation study of furnace processes the tested software FIRE-3D was used. The averaged equations of conservation of mass, momentum and enthalpy were solved to predict the velocity, temperature and concentration of components of the furnace medium in the furnace volume. The turbulent flow was modeled by the standard k-ε model. Coal particle transport was modeled using a discrete-phase model. The P-1 model was used for radiant heat transfer. Results. The authors have carried out the analysis of O₂, CO, and NOₓ concentrations, as well as velocity fields and temperature to examine the effects of varying the ratio of secondary and tertiary air in the furnace volume of a boiler unit with tangentially arranged burners and tertiary blast nozzles. Numerical modeling results revealed that with tertiary blast nozzles, the active combustion zone shifts upward. However, at higher proportions of tertiary blast, NOₓ reduction is not achieved due to increased temperatures at the furnace outlet. Taking into account NOx emissions and completeness of fuel burnout, the most optimal for modernization of the investigated boiler is the value of tertiary blast fraction equal to 0.2.
Analysis of Combining Ability and Gene Action for Seed Yield and its Component Traits in Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]
Authors: Chaudhary T.L. , Patel P.R. , Patel D.G. , Suthar D.M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Pigeonpea is one of India’s most essential pulse crops and it is the handiest food legume with widespread uses as food, feed, fodder and fuel. To fulfil the peoples nutrient demand, the urgent need for developing nutritious and higher productive cultivar become imperative. Therefore, this research paper seeks to explore the combining ability with the ultimate goal of advancing the development of improved varieties. Methods: An experiment was carried out in pigeonpea using Line x Tester mating design to estimate combining ability. 20 hybrids were developed by using five female lines crossed with four male testers. Result: The analysis of variance revealed significant differences of genotypes for all characters studied, indicating sufficient genetic variability for the characters. Based on results, Seed yield per plant showed a positive and significant correlation with the number of pods per plant, pod length and the number of seeds per pod. While, parents GT 102, Vaishali, GT 1 and BDN 2004-01 were found to be good general combiners. Whereas, crosses viz., GT 102 x SKNP 1408 and GT 103 x BDN 2004-01 were the most promising specific combiners for seed yield per plant.
Precision Agriculture: Is India Lagging Behind?
Authors: Saikia Barnali , Kiling Manish
Published: December 2024

Variations in the soil and the environment have been known to human race since they started to manage their land. The soil is variable and so as the soils parent material, landscape, micro climate, previous uses. Hence crop development, disease, yield and its quality also varies spatially. Precision agriculture involves addressing soil and field variations with a view to optimizing agricultural practices using tools and technologies such as GNSS and GIS. It originated in the 1980s and optimizes the benefits for sustainable productivity growth, which is so crucial when Indian agriculture is going through structural transformation. Its composition has shifted from traditional food grains to high-valued commercial products. The emerging IT revolution has encouraged farm sector of India to adopt Precision Agriculture technique as applied mostly in the developed countries.
Unravelling the Genetic Complexity: Enhancing MYMV Resistance in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Through Trait-based Selection
Authors: Thamodharan G. , Veeramani T.
Published: December 2024

Background: Limited genetic diversity in blackgram, stemming from its common ancestry with greengram, presents challenges in combating Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV), leading to yield stagnation. To address this, genetic screening and selection of segregating generations in F2 are essential for refining resistance traits with enhancing productivity. Methods: A two-season experiment was conducted in Panpoli, Tamil Nadu, during the Kharif 2021 and Kharif 2022 in a randomized block design using, F2 seeds from specific crosses (MDU 1 × Mash 114 and ADT 3 × PU 31), along with F1 and parent plants. MYMV disease scores were recorded using the infector row method for all the genotypes studied. Result: The study unveiled a complex genetic basis of MYMV resistance in blackgram, characterized by di-genic dominant genes displaying duplicative dominance type of epistatic interaction. This complexity underscores the insufficiency of simple selection methods. Estimates of genetic variability for “number of pods per plant” exhibited high genetic advance and moderate heritability, indicating control by additive genes. Positive correlations were observed between plant height, number of clusters per plant and number of pods per plant with yield. Path analysis revealed that traits like number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and number of pods per plant directly and positively influenced yield, which exhibit minimal influence from MYMV. These traits offer crucial selection criteria for enhancing MYMV resistance in blackgram.
Low molecular weight proteins of barley related to food allergy
Authors: Bobalova Janette , Strouhalova Dana
Published: December 2024

As protein composition and modification are critical for malt and beer quality, proteomic approaches have the potential to improve malting and brewing processes, as well as to monitor and characterize important low molecular weight proteins related to food allergy. New product compositions and industrial processes create additional needs that require much greater technological development. The detection and quantification of allergenic proteins by mass spectrometry is promising and contributes to greater accuracy, thereby significantly improving consumer information. In the case of allergenic proteins, a wide range of isoforms, post-translational modifications and other structural changes during the technological process can increase or decrease their allergenicity. In this context, we focused on tracking barley proteins related to pathogens, a large proportion of which are allergy-related. These mainly include a group of protease/amylase inhibitors such as α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CMa, CMb, CMe, α-amylase inhibitor BDAI-1. Similarly, a lipid transfer protein 1 has been identified as a major beer allergen.
The Relationship Between Nurses' Conscious Awareness and Care-Focused Nurse-Patient Interaction
Authors: Gökcek Sinem , Orak Oya Sevcan
Published: December 2024

Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between nurses mindfulness levels and care-oriented patient-nurse interaction.
Methods: The study, which is descriptive and relationship-seeking study, was conducted with 330 nurses working in a university hospital. “Socio-Demographic Information Form”, “Care-Oriented Patient-Nurse Interaction Scale” and “Mindfulness Scale” were used as data collection tools. Skewness and kurtosis coefficients, percentage and frequency distribution, Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were used in the statistical evaluation of the data.
Results: It was determined that 78.5% of the participants were women, 57.3% were married, 77.3% had a bachelor’s degree, 67% were at the middle-income level, 79.1% had 10 years or less of professional experience, 55.5% chose the profession voluntarily, % It was determined that 83.9% did not have a chronic disease and 96.1% did not have a mental illness. It was etermined that there is a significant relationship between the Nurses’ Conscious Awareness Scale scores and the Care-Oriented Patient-Nurse Interaction Scale Materiality Dimension total and sub-dimension scores (p
The Cost of The Use of Prophylactic Anticoagulant Drugs in the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Late Period of Neurosurgery Practice
Authors: Özer Hıdır , Güneş Deniz
Published: December 2024

Objective: After being reported for in Wuhan, China, -stranded RNA coronavirus, COVID-19 leading to the deaths of thousands of people. Patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 typically exhibit respiratory and digestive system symptoms. However, coagulopathy, which indicates a poor prognosis, may also develop in some patients receiving care in ICUs.This article aims to examine the economic consequences of prophylactic anticoagulant and antiplatelet drug use on neurosurgery practice during the late period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study retrospectively examined patients hospitalized for surgical treatment in the Neurosurgery Clinic of Ordu University Training and Research Hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2022. A total of 38 out of 320 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, and cost analysis was specifically performed on these patients. Data were obtained from the hospital's data system.
Results: An increase in costs was observed in both spine surgery and cranial surgery due to drug use. The Kruskal-Wallis Test showed a significant difference in bed costs between patients who received anticoagulant or antiplatelet-anticoaggregant medication and those who did not (P=.000).
Conclusion: The use of prophylactic anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs significantly extended the length of hospital stay for patients in both pre-operative and post-operative periods, resulting in increased costs for the social security institution.
Demonstrations as a Form of Non-Institutionalised Political Participation: The Relationship with Institutional Trust and Political Regime Risks (Based on Data from the European Social Survey, 2020–2022)
Authors: Guseva Polina
Published: December 2024

Recently there has been a decline in citizens’ participation in elections and party membership — forms of political activity that are institutionalized and deeply rooted in the political system. They are being replaced by such forms as participation in demonstrations, strikes, boycotts and signing petitions, which, with them being institutionalized to a lesser degree, allow citizens to influence political decisions while maintaining their distance from the political system. Trust in political institutions is considered essential for political participation because it creates a positive attitude towards the political system and prevents alienation from politics in its institutionalised forms. However, political mistrust promotes critical perceptions of political elites, which can lead to increased non-institutionalised political participation. At the same time, researchers have noted the influence on political participation not only of individual-level variables, but also of country-level characteristics — the specifics of the political system within which political participation is realised. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether lack of trust is a prerequisite for or a barrier to political participation and how the characteristics of a country’s political regime are related to political participation, using the example of participation in demonstrations. The results of the European Social Survey and V-Dem data analysis demonstrate that participation in public demonstrations is negatively related to trust in political institutions. In addition, two characteristics of the political regime are found to be associated with participation in demonstrations — in countries with greater access to justice and higher levels of physical violence, citizens are more likely to participate in the form of political activity that this article is looking into.
Development of the Information and Network Environment and Deviant Behaviour: Cybercrime as a New Social Threat
Authors: Pozdnyakova Margarita , Bruno Viktoria
Published: December 2024

The presented article considers the problem of new digital threats. The study focuses on the main trends in the development of cybercrime in Russia and its specific country features. The authors' analysis of statistical data from various departments (the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Prosecutor General's Office, Roskomnadzor) on the state and structure of crime showed that cybercrime in Russia has increased significantly in recent years, especially in the field of telecommunications and computer information. The most common types of cybercrime in Russian society are identified and analysed - various types of fraud and theft committed using information and communication technologies.
For the empirical basis of the study the data of an online survey of the urban working-age population (18-60 years old), conducted by employees of the Sector of Sociology of Deviant Behaviour of the Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS using a multi-stage quota sample (March-May 2024) is used. The attitude of city residents to various types of digital crime was assessed. It was found that many respondents consider the probability of becoming a victim of cyber fraud to be high, especially with regard to the illegal use of personal data and hacking of email.
It was found that the number of respondents who fear becoming a victim of cyber-crime increases with age. At the same time, these fears decrease in the oldest age groups. The level of education is also an important differentiating factor in relation to encountering cyber threats - the higher its level, the more often respondents have experience of encountering cyber crime.
A survey of experts was conducted to identify the key features of cyber-crime in Russia. Specialists from various fields were involved in the examination - from deviant researchers to practitioners involved in information security and with experience in working with cyber-crime. Their forecast for the coming years is disappointing - a further increase in cyber-crime is expected, the complexity of the techniques used, including the use of artificial intelligence, and therefore the development of specialised security solutions is necessary. It is shown that the main factors in the growth of cybercrime in Russia are its dual nature, manifested in simultaneous organisational complexity and structure, on the one hand, and flexibility and adaptability, on the other. In addition, cybercrime exacerbates an important social problem - growing digital inequality. Thus, cyber-crime in Russia poses a serious threat that requires a comprehensive approach and coordinated efforts at all levels of society to effectively suppress it.
Protest Consciousness and Protest Culture of the Young People of the Russian Far East
Authors: Marin Egor
Published: December 2024

Social protest is the cause of conflicts in society. But it also signals unresolved problems and forces the authorities to respond to the demands of society. In the history of Russia, protest has always played a significant role, and extreme radicalism has always been its peculiar feature.
The study is based on youth surveys conducted in 2020 and 2024 in the Far East. Two types of protestants were identified in the sample: supporters of peaceful and radical protest. They are carriers of two different types of protest consciousness, including values, ideas, and motives for protest.
The author concludes that the youth of the Far East has two types of protest consciousness and protest culture: a peaceful type of protest consciousness and, based on it, peaceful civil protest ("petition culture"); and a radical protest consciousness and, based on it, radical protest ("rebellion culture"). "Petition culture" is associated with an active civic position, interest in politics, participation in legal forms of political and public activities. Its bearers are characterised by such values ​​as justice and equality, freedom and creativity, human rights and the desire for renewal. The culture of radical protest is determined by the subject type of political consciousness, strong negative emotions, strong ethnicity and belief in a threat to one's nationality. It can be noted that the bearers of radical protest consciousness are ambivalent in relation to the forms of protest: they are ready for both peaceful and radical forms. We interpret this as follows: if a subject is ready for more radical forms of protest, then he or she will also accept less radical ones. But bearers of peaceful protest consciousness are ready only to participate in peaceful protest (that's why they are "peaceful"). Radical forms frighten them and are unacceptable to them.
According to the results of our study, the "petition culture" is more common in the sample, which means that a dialogue between the authorities and the youth is possible. The work also examines the generational characteristics of the protest consciousness of generations “Y” (or millennials) and “Z” (or centennials).
Russian Buddhism, Traditional Values, and the Public Media Sphere
Authors: Ostrovskaya Elena , Badmatsyrenov Timur
Published: December 2024

This article is a continuation of the previously published study of the strategies of the Russian-speaking Buddhist community in relation to the Internet and new media and is devoted to the analysis of the public contribution of Buddhist civil initiatives. The complexity of this topic lies in its novelty and extremely weak study through the prism of sociological methodologies. Meanwhile, the transformations of Russian society in the spheres of politics, law, education and religion urgently require from sociologists both new theoretical reflections on the relevance of established research methodologies and new applied studies of the changed reality. The analytical framework of the study was a combination of the concepts of postsecular society by Jürgen Habermas and the "organisational substrate" by Julia Berger. The applied part of the study included expert interviews on the topic of civil Buddhist initiatives in the period of the 1990s-220s. and a case study of two Buddhist non-governmental organisations – the Foundation for the Preservation of Cultural and Philosophical Traditions of Tibetan Buddhism and the Foundation for the Promotion of Buddhist Education and Research. The conducted analysis allowed us to identify the ideational and particular components of the organisational substrate of Buddhist non-governmental organisations. The ideational component of the organisational substrate of both funds is based on the Buddhist regulation of social action as aimed at gaining good merit and bringing benefit to living beings, purification of consciousness. The key vectors of civic activity of Russian lay Buddhists are determined by the particularism of the Buddhist model of dissemination of the teaching (prohibition of missionary work, the Teaching as the Gift of preaching), doctrinal regulation of social activity of lay people and religious professionals, and a civilian model of reproduction of traditional values through Buddhist education. The organisational substrate identified by the authors allowed them to study the main areas of civic initiatives of Russian Buddhists. These, in accordance with the substrate, were the creation of a media niche of traditional Buddhism in the public sphere of Russian society; mediation of relations between traditional Buddhism and the political-legal and scientific-educational subsystems of Russian society. An analysis of the stages of institutionalisation of Buddhist non-governmental organisations showed that the first stage included the formation of a public initiative from below, the second stage covered the construction of a long-term dialogue with the authorities on the problem of reproduction of Buddhist education, and the current, third stage - the consolidation of the Buddhist sangha in the socio-cultural and political-legal context of the Russian Federation.
The role of the “third sector” in the political careers of men and women in Russia
Authors: Balbot Nadezhda , Kryshtanovskaya Olga
Published: December 2024

Gender asymmetry in the distribution within Russian politics suggests the presence of a "glass ceiling" that does not allow women to fully realise their potential. Thearticle is devoted to the assessment of socio-political activity as social capital that helps women to co-opt into the state governance system and overcome internal restrictions. In world practice, public non-governmental non-profit organisations have come to be viewed as a special segment of the economy - the "third sector”. It plays an increasingly significant role in the development of civil society and influences the political sphere in Russia. The purpose of the study was to assess the third sector as a pool of recruitment to power. Using the method of retrospective biographical analysis of eight hundred successful acting politicians and managers of both sexes, an analysis of their incorporation into the state system was carried out, gender differences between political trajectories were identified. The most effective in structure were all-Russian public organisations with an extensive network of branches throughout the country, which allows them to accumulate social and administrative resources and successfully incorporate their representatives into government bodies. The partyliftfunctions successfully for both sexes. The analysis allows us to conclude that the third sector is a pool of recruitment into the country's political system; vertical mobility has a number of gender differences. For women, the social capital that allows for vertical mobility is a party career, experience in the system of public chambers, participation in the People's Front "For Russia" movement, as well as in professional and charitable NGOs. For them, activity in the public field is an effective way to build a political trajectory to any level of the power pyramid. The business community, through non-profit associations, tries not only to be useful to the state, but also quite successfully uses them to incorporate its members into various branches of government, but thisliftoperates mainly for men.
Criteria for assessing the effectiveness of urban wastewater treatment technologies in accordance with current legislation
Authors: Kapinos Ol'ga , Tvardovskaya Nadezhda
Published: December 2024

to identify the evaluation criteria and the main ways to improve the efficiency of urban wastewater treatment technology. To present the necessary mandatory minimum stages of wastewater treatment, ensuring the protection of surface water bodies from pollutants. To substantiate the choice of technological schemes of urban sewage treatment plants of different capacities in accordance with the current regulations. Methods: a comprehensive analysis and systematisation of existing legal norms in the field of domestic wastewater treatment and the impact of treated water discharge on the ecological
condition of surface water bodies. Comparison and analysis of the impact of individual facilities on the operation of the technological chain of the municipal sewage plant was carried out. Results: modern criteria for assessing the performance of municipal sewage plants, which are one of the main direct polluters of the environment according to modern legal norms, are considered. Four interconnected, sequential and obligatory stages of domestic wastewater treatment, which should be applied at plants of any capacity, are presented. The relationship between obtaining a comprehensive environmental permit and establishing, justifying an environmental performance improvement programme for an urban sewage treatment plant and their impact on improving the efficiency and reliability of the treatment plant is shown. Specific devices and facilities modernisation and/or reconstruction of which allows to reach modern standards of sewage treatment quality most effectively and step by step. Practical significance: the results clearly show the prevailing trends of modern legislation in assessing the effectiveness of urban wastewater treatment technologies. The proposed ways to improve the efficiency of treatment at urban sewage treatment plants using the best available technologies allow to prevent the negative impact of discharged treated wastewater on the environment. The presented technological schemes of urban wastewater treatment plants allow achieving concentrations of pollutants in treated wastewater that meet modern requirements.
Analysis of the prerequisites for the creation of a mathematical model of the functioning of automatic couplings of loaded traction units
Authors: Ripol'-Saragosi Tat'yana , Ripol'-Saragosi Leonid , Yaickov Ivan
Published: December 2024

Purpose: the article considers issues related to improving the safety of coal transportation due to the increasing demand for energy resources in the world and the growth of export potential to friendly countries. One of the main areas of ensuring the safety of the transportation process is to improve the reliability of the automatic coupling devices of traction units and motor dump cars, and the longitudinal-dynamic reactions that occur in them. The article considers the prerequisites for creating a mathematical model of the traction unit motion, taking into account the factors that influence the occurrence of these forces. Analyzed the prerequisites for creating a mathematical model that allows determining the conditions for ensuring the safety of the transportation process in terms of preventing the rupture of automatic couplings of loaded traction units, dump cars, as well as the possible effect of “running up” (squeezing out cars). Methodology: to compile a mathematical model of a moving unit that accurately reflects the most important features of the dynamic process, a single-mass model is usually used. Methods: when solving the problem of determining the forces acting on the rolling stock, it is proposed to consider the motion of a quarry train as a system of discrete masses in Lagrange coordinates as a function of time t and the initial coordinate of these masses. Practical significance: the need to calculate the arising longitudinal-dynamic reactions in the automatic coupling devices of traction units in connection with the increase in slopes and speeds of movement is substantiated.
Hydrogeomorphological compartmentalization in coastal wetlands - Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Brazil
Authors: Korb Carina Cristiane , Guasselli Laurindo Antonio , Belloli Tássia Fraga , Cunha Christhian Santana , Bauer Amanda Letícia , Brückmann Caroline dos Santos
Published: December 2024

Coastal wetlands play crucial roles in environmental processes due to their hydrogeomorphological characteristics. Despite their recognized significance, hydrogeomorphological analyses in these ecosystems remain relatively unexplored. The aim of this study was to establish hydrogeomorphic compartments in the wetlands of Lagoa do Peixe National Park (PNLP). The methods used were: (i) geomorphological compartmentalization (topographic variation using FABDEM); (ii) definition of landscape indicators (Sentinel-2 NDVI, soil samples); (iii) analysis of hydrodynamic. The FABDEM model effectively identifies altimetric variations and compartment boundaries, including those in the northern and southern sectors of PNLP, the Paleocliff of Barrier III, the eolic dunes of Barrier IV, and the interdunal wetlands. Hydrodynamics depend on precipitation, with a greater apparent water level during El Niño periods. Additionally, we analyze NDVI variations within these geomorphological compartments during La Niña, Neutral, and El Niño events, observing distinct spatial patterns between Lagoon Terrace II the Lagoa do Peixe site. Pedoenvironmental indicators reveal common pH levels across compartments, with sulfur concentrations specifically observed in Lagoon Terraces (salt marshes). Furthermore, the a, a’-dipyridyl dye indicated the presence of reduced iron characteristic of hydromorphic soils. Water variation is dependent on precipitation, with a larger apparent water surface during Neutral and El Niño events. In total, we establish nine hydrogeomorphological compartments: Eolic Dunes, Lagoon Fringe, Lacustrine Fringe, Lacustrine, Lagoon-Estuarine, Lacustrine Terrace, Lagoon Terrace, Depression, and Slope.