bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O triste destino da área de O&M - II
Authors: Caldas Miguel P.
Published: October 2011

Este artigo corresponde à segunda parte de uma pesquisa que investiga a evolução da função e da carreira de Organização e Métodos (O&M) nas empresas no Brasil desde 1985. Este estudo procura verificar empiricamente até que ponto a carreira e o profissional de O&M sofreram ou não, como sugerem alguns autores, um declínio em relação a outras áreas afins, tais como recursos humanos, informática ou qualidade. Para tanto, levantou-se a oferta de posições em O&M (comparada com essas outras áreas), via evolução da quantidade, da qualidade e do prestígio de anúncios de empregos em um jornal paulista, entre 1985 e 1996. Os resultados desse levantamento foram cruzados com a outra parte da pesquisa, realizada por meio de questionários, sobre o destino da função de O&M em 60 organizações no estado de São Paulo. O artigo também sugere como o processo de transformação da carreira de O&M pode ser relevante para o entendimento das mudanças pelas quais outras carreiras administrativas passam nos dias de hoje.
Swaps de taxa de câmbio: precificação do coupon
Authors: Pedote Cristiane F. S.
Published: October 2011

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar como se determina o coupon em operações de swaps de taxa de câmbio. A fim de atingir um público mais amplo e de traçar um pano de fundo para que melhor se compreendam essas operações em específico, será apresentada uma introdução à mecânica operacional do mercado de swaps. Discutiremos também quais os interesses das empresas que participam do mercado, os riscos de crédito envolvidos nessas operações e algumas considerações do ponto de vista legal e fiscal.
Impacto dos investimentos em TI no resultado operacional dos bancos brasileiros
Authors: Faria Fernando de Abreu , Maçada Antonio Carlos Gastaud
Published: October 2011

A TI transformou a indústria dos bancos nos últimos Central, e a pesquisa abrangeu o período de 1997 a anos e tornou-se estratégica e vital para o negócio. 2008. Após a especificação dos modelos econométri-Considerando essa premissa, o objetivo principal do cos, foram realizadas quatro análises sobre o impacto trabalho foi analisar o impacto dos investimentos em dos investimentos em TI: análise cross section (cortes TI no resultado operacional dos bancos que operam transversais anuais), análise longitudinal (dados em no Brasil. O modelo utilizado baseou-se em uma fun-painel), análise comparativa dos investimentos em TI ção de produção Cobb-Douglas com três variáveis, o pelos bancos nacionais e estrangeiros, e análise do resultado operacional, os investimentos em TI e os comportamento desses investimentos nos marcos do gastos com pessoal. Os dados são provenientes dos bug do milênio (Y2K) e da implantação do Sistema de saldos contábeis extraídos do sistema Cosif do Banco Pagamentos Brasileiro (SPB).
Topografia do cone medular da preguiça
Authors: Lima Ana R. , Costa Antônio M. , Fioretto Emerson T. , Santiago Hérika R.V. , Carmo Daiene C. do , Branco Érika
Published: October 2011

A anestesia caudal foi proposta pela primeira vez em 1926 e diversas técnicas foram desenvolvidas para anestesiar os nervos espinhais lombares e sacrais. Os métodos para anestesia epidural exigem conhecimento da anatomia da região envolvida. Desta forma, objetivou-se determinar a topografia do cone medular da preguiça (Bradipus variegatus), para fornecer recursos aos profissionais da área clínica para que, desta forma, seja possível a realização de anestesia epidural nesta espécie silvestre de nossa fauna. Foram dissecados quatro exemplares adultos de preguiça, dois machos e duas fêmeas que foram a óbito por causas naturais e obtidos junto ao Parque Zoobotânico do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém/Pará. Após a dissecação observou-se que o cone medular encontra-se entre as vértebras L3 e S1 com comprimento médio de 2,7cm, e a intumescência lombar apresentou comprimento médio de 1,0cm, estando localizada entre L1 e L3 nos quatro animais estudados. Desta forma, conclui-se que o melhor local para a realização de anestesia epidural na preguiça está entre as vértebras L1 e L3
Unexpected effects of pigeon-peas (Cajanus cajan) in the restoration of rupestrian fields
Authors: Hilário R.R , Castro S.A.B , Ker F.T.O , Fernandes G
Published: October 2011

Several degraded areas can be found along the Highway MG-010 that crosses the Espinhaço Mountain Biosphere Reserve in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Restoration by planting the legume Cajanus cajan was implemented in some of these areas. The present study compares plant species richness, diversity, abundance, equitability, similarity, and soil composition between restored and non-restored areas, in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of C. cajan in the restoration process in the mountain environment. Each treatment (restored and non-restored) had four sampling areas, each with three 300 m² plots. We counted and identified every individual plant found within these plots. We also collected soil from the superficial layer (0-10 cm) of each sampling area in both treatments. The areas where C. cajan was planted revealed lower species richness, diversity, and plant abundance. The soil of these areas also contained higher levels of Phosphorus and Magnesium. Plant equitability and similarity between plots and other soil components (pH, Nitrogen, Aluminum, Calcium, Potassium, H+Al, sum of bases - SB, cation exchange capacity - CTC, base saturation - V%, aluminum saturation - M%) did not differ between the two treatments. Contrary to the expectations, soil enhancement in the quartzitic soil poor in nutrients in the rupestrian fields can facilitate the invasion by exotic plants, which are not adapted to the lack of nutrients. As it appears, the use of C. cajan in restoration projects represents a mistake and future restoration plans should avoid the use of exotic species, given that they may cause negative effects on the native plant community, as demonstrated here in the rupestrian fields.
Modelo de avaliação da saúde bucal na atenção básica
Authors: Colussi Claudia Flemming , Calvo Maria Cristina Marino
Published: October 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o modelo desenvolvido para avaliar a qualidade da atenção básica em saúde bucal e testar sua aplicabilidade em municípios de diferentes portes no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O modelo tem duas dimensões - Gestão da Saúde Bucal e Provimento da Atenção Básica em Saúde Bucal. A primeira é composta pelas subdimensões "Atuação Intersetorial, Participação Popular, Recursos Humanos e Infraestrutura". A segunda tem as subdimensões de "Promoção e Prevenção e de Diagnóstico e Tratamento", no ciclo vital (criança, adolescente, adulto, idoso). Foram elaborados 40 indicadores em oficinas com um grupo de experts. Participaram da avaliação 207 municípios, obtendo-se uma taxa de resposta de 70,6%. O modelo mostrou-se não só aplicável como de grande utilidade para municípios de diferentes portes, possibilitando a identificação dos pontos nos quais os gestores municipais devem aperfeiçoar suas ações em saúde bucal. Outra importante contribuição se refere à sensibilização desses gestores quanto à necessidade de melhoria na qualidade do registro dos dados.
First insights into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Silva Aída Cristina do Nascimento , Ferrazoli Lucilaine , Simonsen Vera , Reis Joice Neves , Pereira Susan Martins , Carmo Theomira Mauadie de Azevedo , Mota Eduardo Luiz Andrade , Reis Mitermayer Galvão
Published: October 2011

This study constitutes a first attempt to describe the genetic population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. A total of 56 confirmed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, identified between March and June 2008, were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110-RFLP). The study population was characterized by a predominance of males (71.43%) over 30 years of age (68.75%). Forty-one isolates were found to belong to a single pattern (73.2%), while 15 (26.7%) were found in group patterns, forming six clusters. The higher level of diversity observed is much more suggestive of endogenous reactivation than recent transmission.
Representações sociais e decisões das gestantes sobre a parturição: protagonismo das mulheres
Authors: Pereira Raquel da Rocha , Franco Selma Cristina , Baldin Nelma
Published: October 2011

O objetivo central deste estudo foi compreender, a partir das representações sociais femininas, o protagonismo da mulher na decisão sobre a parturição. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem fenomenológica, foram entrevistadas 45 gestantes, no último trimestre da gravidez, que realizavam pré-natal nos sistemas público e privado de saúde de Joinville, Santa Catarina. A análise de conteúdo dos relatos possibilitou emergirem três categorias empíricas: medos e preocupações; vivências e influência sociocultural. Com esse substrato teórico-metodológico, analisou-se a representação social da mulher no processo da parturição, que é simbolizado por conflitos de sentimentos, dúvidas e apreensões originadas principalmente pelo medo do sofrimento imposto pela dor. Tal concepção é apoiada pelo modelo biomédico e pela mídia. A parturição no Brasil, como que "terceirizada", é culturalmente entendida como uma etapa complexa que requer conhecimentos especializados, que legitima o saber técnico-científico em detrimento do fisiológico, reforçando assim a assimetria do poder de decisão entre médico e gestante. Além disso, o desconhecimento das mulheres grávidas sobre o significado, o impacto e os benefícios da etapa da parturição para o recém-nascido deixa-as inseguras e sem o devido senso crítico sobre o conteúdo de outras fontes de informações, como telenovelas, histórias de outras mulheres construídas pelo meio social e a própria experiência em partos anteriores. Isso gera um comportamento de dúvidas e apreensões. Fragilizada, submete-se a uma cesárea programada para evitar a dor física e emocional provocada pelos medos. A reversão desse quadro perpassa por uma revisão na formação do médico e pelas ações de empoderamento da mulher.
Experiência de um ano de modelo de programa de prevenção contínua do melanoma na cidade de Jaú-SP, Brasil
Authors: Salvio Ana Gabriela , Assumpção Júnior Ary , Segalla José Getúlio Martins , Panfilo Beatriz Lhanos , Nicolini Helen Renata , Didone Reniele
Published: October 2011

FUNDAMENTO: A incidência do melanoma aumentou nos últimos anos mais rapidamente do que qualquer outro câncer. Embora represente apenas 4% dos cânceres de pele, é o responsável por 60% das mortes por esta neoplasia. Isto torna o melanoma um problema de saúde pública. OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo propôs o desenvolvimento de um Programa Contínuo de Prevenção do Melanoma, por meio da realização da prevenção primária e do diagnóstico precoce desta neoplasia. MÉTODOS: Foi tomada como piloto uma cidade de aproximadamente 130.000 habitantes. Uma equipe de enfermagem esteve presente por cerca de 30 dias em cada um dos 13 postos de saúde da cidade de Jaú (SP), realizando orientações quanto ao autoexame da pele, fotoproteção e sinais precoces do melanoma. O paciente com lesão suspeita era encaminhado imediatamente ao hospital de referência para dermatoscopia e triagem médica, sendo excisada quando suspeita. RESULTADOS: Foram diagnosticados 4 casos de melanoma em fase inicial e 3 nevos displásicos. Dos entrevistados, 74% trabalham expostos ao sol, variando de meio período ao completo, e mais de 60% nunca fizeram uso de filtro solar. CONCLUSÃO: Este modelo de programa de prevenção é inédito, exclusivo e demonstrou ser eficaz na prevenção e diagnóstico precoce do melanoma em uma cidade de 130.000 habitantes do Estado de São Paulo. Com esclarecimento à população e orientação à equipe de saúde, realiza-se uma rápida triagem e identificam-se lesões suspeitas de melanoma para que, com o diagnóstico em suas fases iniciais, o paciente apresente melhor prognóstico
Efeitos colaterais cutâneos após uso prolongado de hidroxiuréia na Policitemia Vera
Authors: França Emmanuel Rodrigues de , Teixeira Márcia Almeida Galvão , Matias Kleber de Freitas , Antunes Daniela Eugenia Costa Morais , Braz Rafael de Almeida , Silva Claudia Elise Ferraz
Published: October 2011

A hidroxiureia é um derivado hidroxilado da ureia utilizado em diversas desordens hematológicas. Inúmeras alterações cutâneas, porém raras, são relatadas após seu uso prolongado. A patogênese das mesmas não está bem esclarecida, porém, sugere-se que a droga tenha uma ação tóxica direta sobre a pele. Descrevemos um homem de 75 anos, branco, com diagnóstico de Policitemia Vera que, ao longo de 11 anos de tratamento com hidroxiureia, evoluiu com várias lesões cutâneas: hiperpigmentação da pele, lesões atróficas em antebraços, melanoníquia longitudinal das 20 unhas, úlcera em antebraço direito, xerose cutânea, ictiose em pernas e carcinoma espinocelular no pavilhão auricular direito. Até o momento, os relatos na literatura descrevem pouca diversidade de lesões nos pacientes acometidos
Vellus hair cysts presenting as an atypical acneiform eruption
Authors: Almeida Jr Hiram Larangeira de , Nudelmann Lisia , Göebel Joice , Janovik Nathália , Hein Juliana
Published: October 2011

A 32-year-old male patient presented for 8 months an asymptomatic therapy-resistant acneiform eruption on his back and buttocks. Skin examination showed several inflammatory papules, which evolved to hyperpigmentation. At the same distribution non inflammatory papules, which resembled rice grains, were also observed. Light microscopy showed small keratin-filled cysts, with an epithelial multilayered wall, without granular layer. Keratin and some vellus hairs were identified inside the cyst, confirming the diagnosis of vellus hair cysts. Diagnosis of vellus hair cysts should be suspected in cases of multiple papules or therapy-resistant cases of acneiform eruptions
Domínios geomorfológicos na área de ocorrência dos depósitos de espongilito da região de João Pinheiro, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Almeida Ariana Cristina Santos , Varajão Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino , Varajão César Augusto Chicarino , Gomes Newton Souza , Volmer-Ribeiro Cecília
Published: October 2011

Importantes processos erosivos após o Cretáceo foram responsáveis pela evolução da paisagem na região de João Pinheiro, onde ocorrem os depósitos de espongilito. O avanço desses processos, aliados às rochas carbonáticas do substrato, permitiu o desenvolvimento de feições cársticas negativas, onde foram instaladas as lagoas formadoras dos depósitos de espongilito. Com base no tratamento de imagens de satélite aliado a trabalhos de campo, quatro morfodomínios geomorfológicos foram identificados na área: i) morfodomínio 1, representado por platôs associados aos arenitos do Grupo Areado, apresenta as maiores altitudes da área; ii) morfodomínio 2, que constitui uma área dissecada relacionada aos pelitos do Grupo Areado; iii) morfodomínio 3, representado por superfícies de erosão associadas às rochas do Grupo Bambui e Pré-Bambuí, sendo sobrepostas por sedimentos terciários/quaternários, onde se encontram as lagoas; iv) morfodomínio 4, constitui vales em calha que contêm as principais drenagens da região (rios da Prata e Paracatu) segundo um padrão meandrante, com feição geomorfológica fluvial de rios underfit. Esses vales cortam a superfície de aplainamento (morfodomínio 3) que contêm sedimentos pleistocênicos, caracterizando o morfodomínio mais recente.
Associação entre o estado de saúde autorreferido de adultos e a área de localização do domicílio: uma análise de regressão logística ordinal usando a PNAD 2008
Authors: Moraes José Rodrigo de , Moreira Jessica Pronestino de Lima , Luiz Ronir Raggio
Published: October 2011

O ambiente urbano influencia a saúde e os comportamentos humanos, sendo necessário um melhor entendimento dos determinantes da saúde das populações que vivem nas cidades. A partir dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) 2008, usando modelos logísticos ordinais incorporando o plano amostral, o presente artigo avalia a associação entre a área de localização do domicílio (urbana e rural) e o estado de saúde autorreferido da população adulta brasileira, controlando para um conjunto de fatores individuais e do ambiente intradomiciliar e extradomiciliar. Os resultados indicam que ao controlar por fatores individuais e ambientais, a associação entre a área de localização do domicílio e o estado de saúde autorreferido dos adultos se modifica (passando de OR=1,51 para OR=0,96) e perde a sua significância estatística (p-valor=0,208). Entretanto, foram observadas interações estatisticamente significantes entre a área de localização do domicílio e as seguintes variáveis: sexo, cor/raça, morbidade autorreferida, posse de bens básicos e percentual de domicílios adequados quanto a qualidade de moradia.
Nodulação e fixação de nitrogênio por forrageiras da caatinga cultivadas em solos do semiárido paraibano
Authors: Freitas Ana Dolores Santiago de , Silva Tácio Oliveira da , Menezes Rômulo Simões Cezar , Sá Barretto Sampaio Everardo Valadares de , Araújo Eduardo Rodrigues , Silva Fraga Vânia da
Published: October 2011

A fixação biológica de nitrogênio foi avaliada em jureminha (Desmanthus pernambucanus), orelha-de-onça (Macroptilium martii) e feijão-de-rolinha (Macroptilium lathyroides) cultivados em solos do semiárido da Paraíba, em vasos sem e com esterco bovino. Foram determinados o número e a biomassa de nódulos, os teores e as proporções de nitrogênio (N) fixado (percentual de nitrogênio da planta derivado do ar-%Ndda), pelo método da abundância natural, utilizando-se o capim-buffel como planta controle. As leguminosas tiveram nodulação abundante, nos três solos e na ausência ou presença de esterco, salvo quando cultivadas em Neossolo Flúvico sem adubação. A adubação com esterco aumentou o número e a biomassa de nódulos. A fixação biológica de nitrogênio foi alta nas três espécies, nos três solos: na maioria das plantas, os valores superaram 50%, chegando a 85%. Esses dados permitem estimar a capacidade de fixação das espécies no campo em 10 a 30 kg ha-1 de N, considerando as densidades de plantio e produtividade usuais. As menores %Ndda e quantidades fixadas foram encontradas nas plantas cultivadas em Neossolo Regolítico e aumentaram com a adição de esterco. Entre as espécies testadas, a fixação biológica de nitrogênio foi menos importante para D. pernambucanus. Nenhum dos parâmetros de nodulação avaliados (número, biomassa e biomassa/nódulo) explicou as proporções nem as quantidades de nitrogênio fixadas pelas plantas.
The side-effects of different doses of iron sulfate on women of reproductive age: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Machado Katia Maria de Melo , Ferreira Luiz Oscar Cardoso , Souza Ariani Impieri de , Diniz Alcides da Silva
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVES: to identify side effects of the use of different doses of iron sulfate (IS). METHODS: an eight-week randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out involving 727 women aged 20-49 years between October 2005 and October 2006. The women were randomly allocated into eight groups with daily or twice-weekly doses administered during or in between meals. The information was obtained by weekly telephone contact. Analysis involved comparison of the proportion of complaints from the different groups. RESULTS: of 726 women initially selected, 74.2% completed eight weeks of follow up. In the regimens containing IS 95.2% of women reported gastrointestinal complaints. More complaints were reported for daily doses than for ones (p <0.001). Those taken between meals were associated with more nausea than those taken during meals (p<0.001). Of the 95 women who withdrew from the experiment, 88.4% belonged to the IS group and diarrhea was the main complaint (29.8%). CONCLUSIONS: the use of iron sulfate was associated with gastrointestinal side effects, especially when taken daily and diarrhea was the main complaint associated with IS.
A perspectiva dos pais sobre a obtenção do diagnóstico de leucemia linfóide aguda em crianças e adolescentes: uma experiência no Brasil
Authors: Nehmy Rosa Maria Quadros , Brito Andréa Conceição , Mota Joaquim Antônio César , Oliveira Benigna Maria de
Published: October 2011

OBJETIVOS: conhecer a percepção dos pais para o diagnóstico de leucemia em seus filhos. MÉTODOS: pesquisa qualitativa tendo como referencial a teoria das representações sociais ancorada na tradição da sociologia compreensiva. Utilizou-se entrevista semi estruturada para a coleta de dados. Foram entrevistados 20 pais de crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA). Para análise dos dados empregou-se a técnica de "análise do conteúdo". As diretrizes de humanização da assistência e princípios bioéticos foram os eixos norteadores da análise dos dados. RESULTADOS: os pais recordaram-se claramente da progressão dos sintomas da doença até o diagnóstico. A palavra leucemia foi associada ao câncer e à morte. Dificuldades relacionadas à escuta dos sintomas, a particularidades clínicas da leucemia e ao encaminhamento no sistema de saúde foram os principais motivos para a demora do diagnóstico definitivo. Destacam-se as peregrinações por diferentes locais, perda da resolubilidade, gastos desnecessários, desgaste emocional e atraso nas ações de saúde. CONCLUSÕES: o câncer envolve valores culturais sobre a morte, cuja carga simbólica é maior no caso da criança. A busca do diagnóstico da leucemia pelos pais é exemplo emblemático do tortuoso caminho percorrido quando o mal que acomete a criança não se enquadra no rótulo das doenças "comuns".
Changes in Plant Morphology in Response to Recurrent Selection in the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic Maize Population
Authors: Edwards Jode
Published: October 2011

The maize (Zea mays L.) plant phenotype has changed a great deal through the era of hybrid maize production. Some of the observed changes such as upright leaf angle, silking‐anthesis interval, and tassel branch number have well understood contributions to improved grain yield in modern hybrids. However, less is known formally about indirect selection responses for these traits in the context of recurrent selection programs. The objective of this study was to determine if recurrent selection for agronomic performance in Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) population has changed important plant traits. Thirty synthetic populations representing a total of 29 cycles of recurrent selection in three programs in BSSS were evaluated in four Iowa locations in 2008 and 2009. The most consistent changes observed across selection programs were for traits that increase light penetration into the canopy, including flag leaf angle, flag leaf size, and tassel branch number. Light‐interception traits had more consistent responses in the populations per se evaluated here than agronomic traits selected for on a testcross basis in the recurrent selection programs. Reductions in plant stature and anthesis‐silking interval were also observed, but changes were not as consistent as light‐interception traits. Selection responses for morphological traits in populations per se suggested these traits may have much simpler inheritance than typically assumed for grain yield.
Natural Hybrids and Gene Flow between Upland and Lowland Switchgrass
Authors: Zhang Yunwei , Zalapa Juan , Jakubowski Andrew R. , Price David L. , Acharya Ananta , Wei Yanling , Brummer E. Charles , Kaeppler Shawn M. , Casler Michael D.
Published: October 2011

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass native to the North American tallgrass prairie and savanna habitats and is broadly adapted to the central and eastern United States. Upland and lowland ecotypes represent the two major taxa within switchgrass, which have distinct but overlapping distributions. The purpose of this study was to survey a broad array of putative upland and lowland accessions for the possible presence of natural hybrids or hybrid derivatives and evidence of historic gene flow between the two ecotypes. All plants were classified as upland, lowland, or intermediate based on visual assessment of phenotype, using large nurseries of known upland or lowland plants as controls. A total of 480 plants were surveyed for 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and sequenced using five chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) segments. Genetic structure analysis revealed 21 individuals with strong evidence for intertaxa hybrid origin and another 25 individuals with moderate evidence for intertaxa hybrid origin. All but two of these individuals originated from remnant populations of the central or eastern Gulf Coast or along the Atlantic Seaboard, a region that is populated with significant quantities of both upland and lowland ecotypes. We propose the central and eastern Gulf Coast glacial refuge as the primary center of origin and diversity for switchgrass, with the western Gulf Coast as the secondary center of origin and diversity. Much of this diversity appears to have been preserved along one of the major northward postglacial migration routes, the Atlantic Seaboard.
A Compensating Wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium Robertsonian Translocation Conferring Resistance to Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and Triticum Mosaic Virus
Authors: Liu W. , Seifers D. L. , Qi L. L. , Friebe B. , Gill B. S.
Published: October 2011

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), is a potentially devastating disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains of North America. So far, two genes conferring resistance to WSMV have been named and used in cultivar improvement. Here we report a new source of resistance that was derived from a wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey ditelosomic addition line containing, in addition to the wheat chromosome complement, a pair of long arm telochromosomes from Th. intermedium previously believed to be of group‐4 origin. New molecular marker and genomic in situ hybridization analysis revealed that this telochromosome is homeologous to the group‐7 long arms and belongs to the S genome of Th. intermedium. Accordingly, this chromosome was designated as 7S#3L. One compensating Robertsonian translocation was obtained where the 7S#3L arm was translocated to the short arm of wheat chromosome 7B, resulting in the T7BS·7S#3L translocation chromosome. Homozygous T7BS·7S#3L lines were evaluated for their resistance to WSMV and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV). The T7BS·7S#3L stock confers resistance to WSMV at 18 and 24°C. The T7BS·7S#3L stock also confers resistance to TriMV at 18°C but is not effective above 24°C. Based on chromosome position and effective resistance to WSMV at 24°C where both Wsm1 and Wsm2 are ineffective, the new gene in T7BS·7S#3L is designated as Wsm3.
Phenotypic Variation and Patterns of Linkage Disequilibrium Associated with Introduced Genes in Spring Wheat
Authors: Kalous J. R. , Martin J. M. , Sherman J. D. , Blake N. K. , Lanning S. P. , Talbert L. E.
Published: October 2011

Introduction of genes from outside a primary germplasm base has the potential to impact phenotypic diversity, genetic structure, and patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Our goals were to monitor the introduction of key genes in a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm set using historical cultivars, to determine the impact of the introduced genes on phenotypic diversity in elite germplasm, and to assess the impact of selection history on LD. A superior allele for bread making was introduced early in the 20th century and quickly became fixed. An allele for solid stems introduced in the mid 20th century is the major source of variation in current germplasm. An introduced allele for photoperiod insensitivity is an important source of variation for heading date in current germplasm. The allelic introductions impacted patterns of LD. The unlinked loci for reduced height, RHT‐B1 and RHT‐D1, were in LD. Linkage disequilibrium for physically linked markers near introduced genes did not exceed previous estimates of genome‐wide LD. Our results showed a pattern of gene introductions into the spring wheat germplasm base that continues to have an impact on phenotypic diversity and patterns of LD.
Genomic Selection Accuracy for Grain Quality Traits in Biparental Wheat Populations
Authors: Heffner Elliot L. , Jannink Jean‐Luc , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Souza Edward , Sorrells Mark E.
Published: October 2011

Genomic selection (GS) is a promising tool for plant and animal breeding that uses genome‐wide molecular marker data to capture small and large effect quantitative trait loci and predict the genetic value of selection candidates. Genomic selection has been shown previously to have higher prediction accuracies than conventional marker‐assisted selection (MAS) for quantitative traits. In this study, we compared phenotypic and marker‐based prediction accuracy of genetic value for nine different grain quality traits within two biparental soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations. We used a cross‐validation approach that trained and validated prediction accuracy across years to evaluate effects of model training population size, training population replication, and marker density. Results showed that prediction accuracy was significantly greater using GS versus MAS for all traits studied and that accuracy for GS reached a plateau at low marker densities (128–256).The average ratio of GS accuracy to phenotypic selection accuracy was 0.66, 0.54, and 0.42 for training population sizes of 96, 48, and 24, respectively. These results provide further empirical evidence that GS could produce greater genetic gain per unit time and cost than both phenotypic selection and conventional MAS in plant breeding with use of year‐round nurseries and inexpensive, high‐throughput genotyping technology.
Integration of Quality Protein in Waxy Maize by Means of Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Sinkangam Bunyarit , Stamp Peter , Srinives Peerasak , Jompuk Peeranuch , Mongkol Wassamon , Porniyom Angkana , Dang Ngoc‐Chi , Jompuk Choosak
Published: October 2011

Waxy, that is, pure, amylopectin maize (Zea mays L.) is an important staple food and vegetable in Southeast and East Asia. Its insufficient protein quality could be remedied by the opaque‐2 gene mutation, demanding the combination of two recessive endosperm quality genes, opaque‐2 (o2o2) and waxy (wxwx). Crosses were made between waxy and opaque‐2 maize as female and male parents, respectively. In the segregating progenies of two crosses, Kwi1 × AgQ53 and Kwi9 × AgQ53, immediate selfing or one‐time backcrossing to the waxy parent before selfing were used to achieve the combination o2o2wxwx, supported by marker‐assisted selection (MAS) of opaque‐2 by phi057 and of waxy by phi022. The final 11 o2o2wxwx lines were achieved both from initial backcrossing and selfing. All the o2o2wxwx lines were of acceptable agronomic vigor and had very high percentages of amylopectin. The sugar content was mostly higher in both selfing and backcrossing lines than in the parental waxy lines, an advantage for vegetable marketing. High lysine and tryptophan contents of the o2o2wxwx lines prove that the goal of combining two quality traits within one grain was achieved. Furthermore, high variation in grain quality traits is an incentive for further improvement by breeding. Consumption of high‐quality protein maize will improve the diets of children, a good reason to produce double‐quality vegetable waxy maize.
COD reduction studies of paper mill effluent using a batch recirculation electrochemical method
Authors: Kannadasan T. , Sivakumar V. , Basha C. , Parwate Arun , Senthilkumar K. , Kannan K.
Published: October 2011

COD reduction studies of paper mill effluent using a batch recirculation electrochemical method

The conventional method of treating pulp and paper mill effluent involves the biological oxidation by bacterial action of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and aerobic lagooning method, which are less efficiency of removing COD. To overcome the drawbacks of the existing treatment process, in the present work an attempt has been made to study the electro oxidative destruction of the pulp and paper mill effluent using an electrochemical method and the effect of various parameters such as concentration of supporting electrolytes, current densities, flow rates of electrolyte and reservoir volumes of the effluent were conducted. From the experimental results it is observed that the rate of reduction of COD of the effluent increased with an increase in the supporting electrolyte (sodium chloride) concentration, current density where as it decreased with increase in the reservoir volume and the flow rate of electrolyte. The residence time distributions studies have also been conducted to study the behavior of the electrochemical reactor.
Influence of preliminary osmotic dehydration on drying kinetics and final quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Kowalski Stefan , Mierzwa Dominik
Published: October 2011

Influence of preliminary osmotic dehydration on drying kinetics and final quality of carrot (Daucus carotaL.)

This paper concerns convective drying of carrot preliminary dehydrated in aqueous solutions of three types of osmotic agents (sucrose, fructose, glucose). Three solution concentrations (20, 40 and 60%) were examined to work out efficient conditions of osmotic dewatering. The parameters such as water loss (WL), solid gain (SG) and osmotic drying rate (ODR) indicating the real efficiency of osmotic dehydrations (OD) were determined. The samples dehydrated with osmotic solutions underwent further convective drying to analyze influence of dehydration process on drying kinetics and final products quality. The quality of products was assessed on the basis of visual appearance of the samples and colorimetric measurements. It was found that osmotic pretreatment improves significantly the final product quality as the samples were less deformed and their colour was better preserved compared to samples, which had not been preliminarily dehydrated. Preliminary dehydration, however, did not influence significantly the overall drying time of the samples.
New resources of innovation - challenges to the Czech Republic and its positioning in global economy
Authors: Žížalová Pavla
Published: October 2011

Nové zdroje inovací - výzvy pro českou ekonomiku a její postavení v globální ekonomice

Globalizace v současné době, zčásti i v důsledku ekonomické krize, přechází do druhé fáze a mezi odborníky se začíná hovořit o tzv. globalizaci 2.0. Ta znamená nejen další silnější propojení světové ekonomiky, ale zejména posilování pozice rozvíjejících se zemí nejen z pohledu výroby, ale především z pohledu spotřeby. Hlavní centra nabídky a poptávky se proměňujía výroba a spotřeba se opět začínají více organizovat ve stejné lokalitě. Rychle se rozvíjející ekonomiky a jejich velmi početná populace se tak podle odborníků i manažerů některých velkých korporací stanou hlavním motorem budoucí poptávky (spotřeby). A tedy i zdrojem pro nové inovace (inovace totiž začíná i končí u zákazníka), které budou díky své jednoduchosti, snadnému použití i nižším nákladům pronikat i na vyspělé trhy. Cílem tohoto článku je jednoduše zhodnotit, jak si v tomto kontextu stojí Česko a také jaké má tato proměna důsledky pro podporu inovací a konkurenceschopnosti.
Synthetic modeling of astronomical closed loop adaptive optics
Authors: Jolissaint Laurent
Published: October 2011

We present an analytical model of a single natural guide star astronomical adaptive optics system, in closed loop mode. The model is used to simulate the long exposure system point spread function, using the spatial frequency (or Fourier) approach, and complements an initial open loop model. Applications range from system design, science case analysis and AO data reduction. All the classical phase errors have been included: deformable mirror fitting error, wavefront sensor spatial aliasing, wavefront sensor noise, and the correlated anisoplanatic and servo-lag error. The model includes the deformable mirror spatial transfer function, and the actuator array geometry can be different from the wavefront sensor lenslet array geometry. We also include the dispersion between the sensing and the correction wavelengths. Illustrative examples are given at the end of the paper.
Switchable photonic crystal cavity by liquid crystal infiltration
Authors: Baroni Pierre-Yves , Tan Qing , Paeder Vincent , Cosentino Armando , Roussey Matthieu , Scharf Toralf , Herzig Hans Peter , Nakagawa Wataru
Published: October 2011

We report on the fabrication and optical characterization of a switchable photonic crystal nanocavity actuated by liquid crystals. This device acts as a filter presenting a transmission peak around the telecom wavelength λ = 1550 nm. Passing from the isotropic to the anisotropic (oriented crystals) state of the liquid crystals, a shift of Δλ = 13 nm has been measured, which confirms the theoretical predictions obtained by finite difference time domain simulations. We have developed a photonic crystal nanocavity that can be tuned thanks to the properties of liquid crystals infiltrated in the holes of the photonic device.
Primary Coronary Sinus Thrombosis in Secondary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Authors: Theodore Joseph , Chitrambalam P. , Pradeep K. , Viswakumar S.
Published: October 2011

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLA) is a non-inflammatory autoimmune disease characterised by spontaneous abortion, thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (arterial and venous). Intracardiac thrombosis is a rare complication of APLA, but coronary sinus thrombosis in APLA has hitherto not been reported. We recently treated a young woman with secondary APLA and systemic lupus erythematosus in whom coronary sinus thrombosis was detected in association with recurrent pulmonary embolism. Key Words: intracardiac thrombosis; antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; systemic lupus erythematosus; coronary sinus thrombosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.3885 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 102-104
Efficacy of Stretching Exercises in the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Prospective Study in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Chakraborty Manoj Kumar , Onta Pratendra Raj , Sathian Brijesh
Published: October 2011

Objective: Chronic plantar fasciitis developed in ten percent of cases with poor response. Specific plantar stretching exercises alone improves the patient with better outcome. It is self limited process with resolution of symptoms within one year but five percent cases may require surgical intervention in intractable cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term outcomes of the plantar fascia specific stretching exercise only for chronic plantar fasciitis. Material & Methods: 50 patients with chronic plantar fasciitis for more than three month duration were enrolled in our study for post treatment follow up with effect from Jan 2010 to Jan 2011 in Department of Orthopedics of Manipal College of Medical Sciences. All patients received plantar specific stretching exercise protocol for twelve months interval of one week, three week, two months, six months and twelve months. Results: Out of 50 patients, 36(72%) were female and 14 (28%) were male. 36(72%) were left sided and 14 (28%) were right. Mean age of patients were 46.12±SD7.11 years. The pre treatment mean visual analogue scale score for all patients is significantly higher than every follow up (p=0.0001). Conclusion: This stretching of the plantar fascia is a modification of the traditional stretch weight bearing to tissue specific plantar fascia stretching protocol to optimize tissue tension through a controlled stretch of plantar fascia by recreation of windlass mechanism with high rate of satisfaction in regards to decrease of pain and functional limitations. Key Words: Chronic plantar fasciitis; stretching; windlass mechanism DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4218 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 97-101
Dentigerous Cyst Associated with Unusual Supernumerary Teeth: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Amita , Singh Varun Pratap , Sharma Sonam
Published: October 2011

Dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst associated with unerupted teeth, odontomes or supernumerary teeth. About 95% of dentigerous cysts involve the permanent dentition and only 5% are associated with supernumerary teeth. Supernumerary teeth should be examined very carefully to prevent possible effects on adjacent regular teeth and possible cystic development . Dentigerous cysts are usually slow-growing lesions and may attain a considerable size with minimal or no symptoms. Ameloblastoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma have also been reported to arise from the lining epithelium of dentigerous cysts, indicating the pluripotentiality of their cells. Early detection and removal of such cysts is therefore important to reduce potential morbidity. A rare case of a twelve year old boy with two supernumerary teeth, of which one was associated with dentigerous cyst is described here along with the treatment strategy employed for the patient. Key Words: Dentigerous cyst; Supernumerary tooth; Mesiodens; Molariform; Tuberculate; Conical DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4247 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 124-127
A Rare Case of Cephalic Tetanus with Infranuclear Facial Palsy Following Foot Injury
Authors: Paleti Srikanth , B Srinivasa Rao , Kodali Umakanth Venkat , N Ranjith Kumar , P Suresh Babu
Published: October 2011

We present here a rare case of cephalic tetanus with infranuclear facial nerve palsy following injury to the left foot with progression to generalized form, recovered completely in 6 weeks. There were few reports that cranial nerve palsies may occur in tetanus when the site of injury is other than in the head and neck, and indeed when there is no apparent site of entry of infection. In cephalic tetanus the prognosis is generally worse but here patient recovered completely without any residual paresis Key Words: Cephalic tetanus; Facial palsy; Foot injury DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4409 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 131-133
Mutation Analysis of the LDL Receptor Gene in Indian Families with Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Kulkarni Suyamindra S , Basavraj Suresh , Kadakol G S , T Vandana , Markande Amruta , Sindhoor Jayaraj , Kulkarni Bhushan B , Hiremath S V , Thangaraj K , Gai Pramod B
Published: October 2011

Objective: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a metabolic disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait characterized by an increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level. The disease is caused by several different mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene. Several mutations have been reported in this gene in patients from several ethnic groups. Early identification of individuals carrying the defective gene could be useful in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and myocardial infraction by the available therapeutic methods. The techniques available for determining the number of the functional LDLR molecules are difficult to carry out and expensive. Our study presents mutation analysis of the LDLR gene in 24 Indian families with FH. Material & Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained form individuals after taking informed consent on the condition that each of these individuals had at least one first-degree relative affected with FH. Genomic DNA was isolated, exon-specific intronic primers were designed and used to amplify DNA samples from individuals.PCR products were directly subjected to automated DNA sequencing to detect the mutations. Along with the affected individuals, ten ethnically matched controls were also analyzed to determine the presence of the same mutations. Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome admitted to hospital were excluded from the study. Results: All the 24 patients had total cholesterol level above 300 mg/dl and LDL cholesterol level above 200mg/dl. Sequence analysis of the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene showed 3 novel mutations which have never been reported elsewhere. In exon 10 we reported g.29372_29373insC, which was found in all the 24 patients and was missence mutation coding for C (cysteine) instead of V (valine). Conclusion: Our study reported 3 novel mutations in 24 Indian families. These novel mutations are predicted to produce change in the amino acid and thus leading to the conformational changes in the structure of LDLR protein. Change in the LDLR protein makes the LDL receptor unable to transport the cholesterol in to the cell and hence cholesterol starts accumulating in the blood stream and leads to FH. Key Words: Familial Hypercholesterolemia; Mutation analysis; LDL Receptor geneDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4573Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 82-86
Association of Genetically Related Escherichia coli Strains with Ulcerative Colitis - A Preliminary Study
Authors: Agarwal Ritu , Deep Chaman , Patel Saurabh K , Jain Ashok K , Nath Gopal
Published: October 2011

Objective: To explore the genetic relatedness among the Escherichia coli isolates recovered from rectal mucosa of patients with Ulcerative Colitis(UC) as well as from non specific diarrhoea patients by using ERIC PCR (whole genome analysis). Material & Methods: A total of 44 strains of E coli, each from patients suffering from UC with exacerbation while on maintenance therapy, were isolated to see if there is any association with specific genotype of E coli with the clini-cal condition. For comparison, 20 strains of E coli were also isolated from patients suffering from non specific diarrhoea. These isolates were subjected to ERIC PCR for analysing similarity/ dissimilarity with each other based on the distribution of ERIC sequences in the whole genome of the bacterial species. Results: The dendrogram prepared on the basis of banding pattern showed that majority of UC patients (39/44, 88.6%) grouped in to one major cluster while second major cluster comprised mostly strains isolated from patients with non specific diarrhoea i.e. controls (17/18, 94.4%). Moreover, in the cluster representing UC patients, a total of 11 strains were observed to be genotypically similar followed by 8 strains by ERIC PCR. Conclusion: Our results strongly indicate that specific Escherichia coli strains may be involved/ associated with UC and its relapse. Key Words: Ulcerative colitis; Escherichia coli; ERIC; PCR DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i2.4769Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 93-96
Modification of the cranial closing wedge ostectomy technique for the treatment of canine cruciate disease
Authors: Addison E. S. , Smith B. A. , Radke H. , Hobbs S. J. , Wallace A. M.
Published: October 2011

Objective: To describe a modification of the cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWO) technique and to compare its efficacy to the standard technique on cadaveric specimens.

Methods: The standard and modified CCWO technique were applied to eight pairs of cadaveric tibiae. The following parameters were compared following the ostectomy: degrees of plateau levelling achieved (degrees), tibial long axis shift (degrees), reduction in tibial length (mm), area of bone wedge removed (cm2), and the area of proximal fragment (cm2).

Results: The size of the removed wedge of bone and the reduction in tibial length were significantly less with the modified CCWO technique.

Clinical significance: The modified CCWO has two main advantages. Firstly a smaller wedge is removed, allowing a greater preservation of bone stock in the proximal tibia, which is advantageous for implant placement. Secondly, the tibia is shortened to a lesser degree, which might reduce the risk of recurvatum, fibular fracture and patella desmitis. These factors are particularly propitious for the application of this technique to Terrier breeds with excessive tibial plateau angle, where large angular corrections are required. The modified CCWO is equally effective for plateau levelling and results in an equivalent tibial long-axis shift. A disadvantage with the modified technique is that not all of the cross sectional area of the distal fragment contributes to load sharing at the osteotomy.