bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilização de plasma rico em plaquetas de coelhos com poucos leucócitos e hemácias para a consolidação de ossos
Authors: Andrade M.G.M.G. , Rodrigues G.M. , Lima D.P. , Faria L.M. , Silva L.V.P. , Souza R.R. , Eurides D.
Published: April 2016

Objetivou-se utilizar o plasma rico em plaquetas, obtido por técnica capaz de produzir um produto autólogo, com reduzido número de leucócitos e hemácias, e avaliar, por meio de radiografias, a capacidade de cicatrização de uma falha óssea induzida no rádio de coelhos. Foram coletados 10,5mL de sangue por via intracardíaca, o qual foi distribuído em três tubos de hemossedimentação contendo citrato de sódio. Os tubos contendo as amostras foram submetidos a uma centrifugação a 2.000rpm (670,8G) por 20 minutos, e da coluna de sedimentação foram aspirados de cada tubo 1.000µL de plasma para a redução do volume sobrenadante. Aspirou-se o plasma acima do anel de leucócitos e transferiu-se para outro tubo para centrifugação a 2.000rpm por 10 minutos. O conteúdo plaquetário no fundo do tubo foi ressuspendido e homogeneizado a 1.000µL do plasma sobrenadante para formar o PRP líquido. Uma falha de 1,0cm foi realizada no rádio esquerdo de cada coelho. O tempo de consolidação foi observado por meio de exame radiográfico aos 45 e 90 dias de pós-operatório (PO). As imagens foram comparadas entre o grupo controle (G1) e o grupo que recebeu o implante de PRP por via transdérmica (G2). A evolução da cicatrização foi verificada com auxílio do programa Adobe Photoshop CC e em uma escala de cinza que representa o contraste. No G2 foi verificada média de 63% de contraste aos 45 dias de PO e de 65% aos 90 dias de PO. No G2, aos 45 dias de PO, a média encontrada foi de 42,7%, e aos 90 dias de PO, 31,25%, indicando que houve evolução do processo de reparação óssea em comparação ao grupo que não recebeu o implante de PRP. O método de obtenção de plasma rico em plaqueta autólogo de coelhos reduziu o número de leucócitos e hemácias e recuperou o número de plaquetas, sendo este maior ou igual aos valores fisiológicos para a espécie. O PRP obtido foi capaz de acelerar o processo de consolidação óssea em coelhos.
Efeitos da granulometria e da forma física da ração sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte
Authors: Andrade E.C. , Baião N.C. , Lara L.J.C. , Rocha J.S.R. , Brumano G. , Saldanha M.M. , Abreu A.R.C.
Published: April 2016

Foram utilizados 936 pintos de corte machos e 1008 fêmeas da linhagem Cobb(r) criados no período de um a 45 dias. Os tratamentos foram compostos por duas formas físicas da ração (farelada e peletizada) e duas granulometrias do milho (3,8mm e 7,0mm). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (duas granulometrias x duas formas físicas), com seis repetições de 39 aves cada para os machos e seis repetições de 42 aves cada para as fêmeas. A ração peletizada produzida com moagem 3,8mm apresentou melhor PDI (P≤0,05). Aves fêmeas alimentadas com ração peletizada apresentaram maior consumo de ração, ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar que aquelas que receberam ração farelada. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para as variáveis ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e consumo de ração dos machos. Não houve influência da forma física e da granulometria sobre a viabilidade das aves em nenhuma fase de criação (P>0,05).
Utilização de planejamento fatorial para a determinação da capacidade antioxidante e doseamento de flavonoides totais em Verbena minutiflora Briq. ex Moldenke (gervai)
Authors: PELOI K.E. , BOVO F. , MESSIAS-REASON I.J. , PEREZ E.
Published: April 2016

RESUMO Verbena minutiflora Briq. ex Moldenke (gervai) tem seu uso medicinal relatado popularmente para tratamento de doenças hepáticas, diarreia e outros problemas de saúde. Entretanto, pouco se conhece a respeito de seus componentes químicos e estudos que comprovem suas propriedades medicinais são escassos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a composição química dos extratos aquosos e etanólicos de flores de V. minutiflora e otimizar processos de obtenção de extratos com maiores capacidades antioxidantes e maiores concentrações de flavonoides. O método de extração foi desenhado por planejamento fatorial, onde as variáveis para a determinação da capacidade antioxidante foram: pH, extração líquida, método e tempo de extração. Para a determinação de flavonoides totais as variáveis avaliadas por planejamento fatorial foram: concentração de hexametilenotetramina, tipo de ácido, volume de ácido e tempo de aquecimento. Os resultados das análises químicas dos extratos mostraram: aminogrupos, taninos e ácidos fixos (extrato aquoso) aminogrupos, flavonoides, triterpenos, esteroides, alcaloides e cumarinas (extrado hidroetanólico). Os resultados dos planejamentos fatoriais mostraram que o melhor método de extração para a capacidade antioxidante foi o que usou vórtex, por 35 min, com água:etanol 50:50, com pH1, obtendo 0,1899± 5,8.10-3 mmol expressos em ácido ascórbico g-1 nos extratos de V. minutiflora. Enquanto, para as dosagens de flavonoides totais as variáveis significantes foram: tipo de ácido e volume de ácido. A melhor extração obtida foi: 6,748. 10-2± 2,085 10-3% expressos em quercetina. Os resultados mostraram que o planejamento fatorial é uma importante ferramenta para a otimização de extração de componentes químicos em produtos naturais.
Análise farmacobotânica de folha e caule de Tanacetum vulgare (L.)
Authors: GUERREIRO K.K. , BOBEK V. , SANTOS V.L.P. , FRANCO C.R.C. , PAULA J.P. , FARAGO P.V. , BUDEL J.M.
Published: April 2016

RESUMO Tanacetum vulgare L., conhecida popularmente como catinga-de-mulata, é utilizada na medicina tradicional como vermífugo, digestivo e emenagogo. Objetivou-se analisar a morfoanatomia de folhas e caules dessa espécie medicinal com vistas ao controle da qualidade. Foram utilizadas técnicas usuais de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. As folhas são compostas, pinatissectas e anfiestomáticas. Tricomas tectores flageliformes simples e glandulares capitados são observados. A nervura central tem formato biconvexo, o pecíolo é côncavo-convexo, a ráque é plano-convexa e o caule é arredondado. Feixes vasculares colaterais, calotas de fibras perivasculares e colênquima lamelar estão presentes na folha e no caule. Os caracteres morfoanatômicos evidenciados contribuem na identificação do táxon e fornecem subsídios farmacobotânicos para o controle da qualidade de drogas vegetais e fitoterápicos.
Emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de sementes de Dimorphandra mollis Benth. em campo
Authors: SOUZA M.F. , MARTINS E.R. , FERNANDES L.A. , NERE P.S.
Published: April 2016

RESUMO Dimorphandra mollis Benth. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) é uma espécie arbórea, encontrada no bioma Cerrado, utilizada na recuperação de áreas degradadas e na ornamentação. Dos frutos, extrai-se a rutina, um bioflavonoide utilizado na indústria farmacêutica, o qual atua na permeabilidade e na resistência dos vasos capilares. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos do tipo de solo e de adubos sobre a emergência e o vigor da fava-d’anta semeada diretamente no campo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro tipos de adubação e dois tipos de solo), com sete repetições de cinco sementes cada. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: emergência, primeira contagem da emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, altura e diâmetro da plântula. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores, tipo de solo e adubos. Os melhores resultados para emergência e IVE são obtidos quando a semeadura é realizada em solo local.
Etnobotânica de plantas medicinais em duas comunidades do município de Picuí, Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: COSTA J.C. , MARINHO M.G.V.
Published: April 2016

RESUMO O presente trabalho realizou um levantamento etnobotânico sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais no município de Picuí, Seridó Oriental, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Foi analisada uma área urbana (bairro monte santo) e uma rural (sítio massapê). As informações etnobotânicas foram obtidas através de formulários semiestruturados, contendo características socioeconômicas dos entrevistados, características das plantas e seus usos terapêuticos. Para a entrevista foi selecionado o adulto responsável pela residência, “chefe de família”, e utilizou-se a técnica da “bola de neve”. Foram citadas 37 famílias botânicas, 59 gêneros e 64 espécies. As espécies mais citadas foram Vernonia condensata Baker e Chenopodium ambrosioides L. e a família mais indicada foi Fabaceae. O hábito predominante foi o herbáceo, seguido do arbóreo; as partes da planta mais utilizadas foram as folhas e as cascas do caule; os principais modos de preparo dos remédios foram os chás e a água e/ou sumo. A planta com maior CUPc foi Vernonia condensata Baker (41,67%), sendo também uma das plantas com maior FRt junto a Chenopodium ambrosioides L., ambas com 19,6%. Esses resultados demonstraram que as populações estudadas ainda usam plantas medicinais com frequência, entretanto, a maioria das plantas utilizadas não é nativa da caatinga.
Estimativa da viabilidade polínica de araçazeiro (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) através de distintos métodos de coloração
Authors: HISTER C.A.L. , TEDESCO S.B.
Published: April 2016

RESUMO A análise histoquímica dos grãos de pólen através do uso de corantes permite a determinação de sua viabilidade polínica. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficiência dos corantes orceína acética 2% e reativo de Alexander modificado, para estimar a viabilidade polínica de vinte acessos de araçazeiro (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) – uma árvore de frutos muito apreciados que também é utilizada para fins medicinais. Botões florais na pré-antese foram coletados e fixados em etanol:ácido acético (3:1) por 24 horas, após os botões foram transferidos para etanol 70% e mantidos sob refrigeração. A técnica de esmagamento das anteras foi utilizada no preparo das lâminas. Para cada acesso foram preparadas 2 lâminas por corante e analisados 500 grãos de pólen por lâmina. A viabilidade polínica foi estimada através da porcentagem de grãos de pólen viáveis. De modo geral, observou-se que os grãos de pólen corados com orceína acética 2% apresentaram viabilidade alta, acima de 98,1%, e os acessos não diferiram entre si. A viabilidade polínica através da coloração com a solução de Alexander variou de 43% (acesso Silveira Martins 1) a 97% (acesso Candelária 1), mostrando que provavelmente exista variabilidade genética entre os acessos. Em apenas dois acessos não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de viabilidade encontrados através dos dois corantes testados. Conclui-se então que a orceína acética 2% superestimou a viabilidade polínica de P. cattleianum e que o reativo de Alexander é o mais preciso, devido a sua dupla coloração (verde de malaquita + fucsina ácida). Assim, indica-se o reativo de Alexander para análise de estimativa da viabilidade polínica de genótipos de araçá envolvidos em um programa de melhoramento genético.
Atividade antagonista do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae) sobre Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood
Authors: GONÇALVES F.J.T. , BARBOSA F.G. , LIMA J.S. , COUTINHO I.B.L. , OLIVEIRA F.C. , ROCHA R.R. , ANDRADE NETO M.
Published: April 2016

RESUMO O controle de fitonematóides é uma tarefa difícil. A alta infestação de nematoides no solo obriga os produtores a usarem doses mais elevadas de nematicidas, ou ainda, a aumentarem a freqüência das aplicações, geralmente no solo, ocasionando maior potencial de dano ao homem e ao ambiente. Além disso, nematicidas convencionais vêm sofrendo grandes restrições de uso em muitos países. Desse modo, a busca de novas medidas de controle de fitonematóides é uma prioridade da agricultura sustentável. Desta forma, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de óleos essenciais de Lippia Alba, na mortalidade de juvenis pré-parasitas do segundo estádio de Meloidogyne incognita. O ensaio foi montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema fatorial 3×4 (3 quimiotipos x 4 concentrações) empregando-se três diferentes quimiotipos de L. Alba (I, II, III) nas concentrações de 0, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm, coletados em diferentes horas do dia (7, 9, 13, 16 e 19h). Os dados coletados (% de mortalidade) foram submetidos à análise de variância e os valores médios comparados por meio do teste de Tukey. Foi possível concluir que Lippia alba contém, em seu óleo essencial, compostos com efeitos significativos na mortalidade de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. incognita. Dessa forma, é importante destacar que o acentuado efeito nematicida do óleo essencial de L. alba sugere a possibilidade de seu uso no controle de M. incognita.
QUALITY OF MINIMALLY PROCESSED YAM (Dioscorea sp.) STORED AT TWO DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: SIMÕES ADRIANO DO NASCIMENTO , FREIRE CLARISSA SOARES , SILVA EDSON FÁBIO DA , BARROS JÚNIOR AURÉLIO PAES , FERREIRA-SILVA SÉRGIO LUIZ
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: This work studied the physical, chemical and biochemical alterations in minimally processed yam stored at two different temperatures, as well as the incidence of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas. The experimental design was completely randomised in a 2x8 factorial design, with two storage temperatures (5 and 10°C) and eight storage times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days). Experiments were in triplicate. Yam was selected, peeled and cut into slices of approximately 3 cm thickness. The slices were rinsed with water, sanitised and then drained in kitchen strainers. Approximately 300 g of the processed product were packed in nylon multilayers 15 µm thick, 15 cm wide and 20 cm long. The packs were sealed, weighed and kept at 5 and 10 ± 2°C for 14 days. Fresh weight loss, baking time, enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidases, peroxidases and catalases, total soluble phenol content, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated, as well as visual analysis and incidence of Pseudomonas sp. Means of temperatures were compared by Tukey´s test at 5% significance. Yam storage at 5°C reduced weight loss and kept visual quality for longer; it also reduced cooking time and the activity of the enzymes polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. In contrast, it promoted higher content of total soluble phenols, as well as a higher catalase activity and antioxidant capacity. During the storage time, there was no incidence of Pseudomonas sp. Minimally processed yam stored at 10°C may be sold for up to six days, and yam stored at 5ºC for up to 14 days.
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF DIETS WITH INACTIVE DRY YEAST FOR SAANEN GOATS IN THE PERIPARTUM PERIOD
Authors: MOLINA BRUNA SUSAN DE LABIO , LIMA LARISSA RIBAS DE , GOMES LUDMILA COUTO , LIMA LUCIANO SOARES DE , ALCALDE CLAUDETE REGINA
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: The aim was to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by inactive dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from sugar cane on nutritive value of diets for Saanen goats in the peripartum. Twenty-four Saanen goats (nine primiparous, 55.35 ± 4.55 kg and fifteen multiparous, 73.12 ± 8.51 kg) in prepartum and postpartum periods were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 (diet × parturition order) factorial arrangement. Diets were composed of soybean meal, soybean meal plus dry yeast or dry yeast as protein source, and other ingredients: ground corn, mineral supplement and limestone. The roughage source used was the whole plant corn silage (40% of the total diet). Diets were evaluated as dry matter intake and digestibility of nutrients. The diet with total dry yeast inclusion promoted a reduction on the ether extract intake (postpartum) and ether extract digestibility (prepartum and postpartum), due its lower ether extract content when compared to the other diets. Multiparous goats presented higher intakes for dry matter, nutrients and total digestible nutrients in both evaluated periods due their higher intake capacity. Primiparous goats in postpartum had better coefficients of digestibility for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total carbohydrates, and so a higher energetic value, attributed to total digestible nutrients compared to multiparous ones. Dry yeast can replace soybean meal with no changes on nutritive value of diets for Saanen goats.
GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS ON THE WEIGHT OF TABAPUA CATTLE IN THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL
Authors: Souza Laaina de Andrade , Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes , Braccini Neto José , Martins Filho Raimundo , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to verify the presence of genotype-environment interactions (GEI) on the weight adjusted to 365 days of age (W365) for Tabapua cattle in the Northeast of Brazil, using reaction norm (RN) models. The reaction norm model with homogeneous residual variance and 1-step provided the best fit to the data by the criteria information of deviance, deviance based on the conditional predictive ordinate and deviance based on the Bayes factors. Direct and maternal heritability estimates for the animal model were 0.17±0.04 and 0.07±0.03, respectively. The direct heritability for model reaction norm in the low and high management environment were 0.21±0.06 and 0,70±0.04, respectively. The correlations between the slope and intercept of the reaction norm were 0.68±0.10 and 0.96±0.06 for the direct and maternal effect, indicating that the animals with high genetic values respond positively to environment improvements, especially for the maternal effect. The Spearman correlations between the sire classifications ranged from 0.14 to 0.94 in the different environments and models. Genetic values of most animals were robust to environmental variation, however, considering the sires with the highest number of progeny, there is the presence of GEI.
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN OVINES IN THE STATE OF ACRE
Authors: REIS EDUARDO MITKE BRANDÃO , SPADETTO RENAN DE MELLO , AMORIM SARA LUCENA DE , BARIONI GRAZIELA , BERBARI NETO FELIPE
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: The squamous cells carcinoma (SCC), also known as epidermoid carcinoma, is a malign neoplasia of the squamous layer of the skin's epidermis, very common in bovines of tropical countries such as Brazil, due to the chronic exposure of animals to ultraviolet radiation. The objective of this work was to describe SCC cases in sheep (Ovis aries ), because it is known that this disease is rare in this species. A standard animal of approximately six years old was assisted in the municipality of Rio Branco, State of Acre, in Brazil, presenting cachectic state and multifocal tumors. Despite the rarity of this neoplasia in sheep, it is important to use preventive measures, such as: avoiding acquisition of depigmented animals, with absent or sparse fur coverage and, mainly avoiding prolonged exposure to ultraviolet lights, which could cause the appearance of this morbid disease.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E INTERESSES PRIVADOS: uma análise a partir do Corredor de Nacala em Moçambique
Authors: Garcia Ana , Kato Karina
Published: April 2016

A política externa brasileira, a partir de 2003, apresentou uma notória curva em direção ao aprofundamento e à expansão das relações com outros países e regiões “do Sul global”. Nesse contexto, o continente africano ganhou importância para as relações internacionais do Brasil. O objetivo do artigo é avançar na compreensão da participação do setor empresarial na cooperação brasileira em Moçambique. Os resultados demonstram que as empresas e seus projetos privados se mesclam nos territórios. Examinaremos o caso do corredor logístico de Nacala, interseção das principais e maiores iniciativas de cooperação e de investimento de empresas brasileiras em Moçambique. O cenário construído nos mostra um tabuleiro no qual a cooperação Sul-Sul e, dentro dela, a cooperação brasileira, não podem ser compreendidas sem serem considerados sua relação com os interesses e investimentos empresariais, o jogo de poder com outros países e as políticas de instituições multilaterais como o Banco Mundial.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A VIOLÊNCIA FRIA
Authors: Serra Ordep , Volpini Lorena
Published: April 2016

Os autores discutem o conceito de vulnerabilidade e o aplicam ao horizonte da política, propondo tratar de vulnerabilidade política e relacioná-la com o que chamam de “violência fria”, ou seja, aquela cujos agentes conseguem blindagem institucional de modo a reduzir ou anular sua imputabilidade, por conta da dilação dos efeitos da ação predatória e da impessoalidade da sua relação com as vítimas, mas também por via de pressões sobre governos e agências de controle. A propósito, discutem a problemática da cidadania em quadro de grandes desigualdades e examinam fatores que tornam populações mais ou menos vulneráveis politicamente a danos socioambientais. Entre esses fatores, consideram a manipulação do planejamento urbano e regional com a limitação de seu caráter participativo e interferências de interesses privados na máquina pública, nesse policy-making. A propósito, examinam também a recorrente confusão proposital entre ‘interesse de governo’ e ‘interesse público’.
UM VERGER, DOIS OLHARES: a construção da africanidade brasileira por um estrangeiro
Authors: Castro Maurício Barros de , Santos Myrian Sepúlveda dos
Published: April 2016

As reflexões sobre o olhar estrangeiro têm sido frequentes nas últimas décadas, principalmente a partir da crítica à formação de um imaginário repleto de exotismo e sensualidade associado aos trópicos. Não é, portanto, exagero afirmar que o problema das representações, usos e abusos da imagem dos afrodescendentes no Brasil, ao longo dos séculos, permanece como foco importante para se entender a história das relações raciais no país. Nem sempre, contudo, procura-se o exótico nos trópicos. Este artigo procura analisar o impacto do olhar de Pierre Verger sobre a construção do legado africano no Brasil.
Predation by Erythemis nymphs (Odonata) on Chironomidae (Diptera) and Elmidae (Coleoptera) in different conditions of habitat complexity
Authors: Fulan João Ânderson , Anjos Marcelo Rodrigues dos
Published: April 2016

Abstract Aim: The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of predation by nymphs of Erythemis Hagen, 1861 on Elmidae and Chironomidae and to check if the presence and the architecture of aquatic macrophytes may mediate this interaction. Methods: All prey as well as nymphs were captured near macrophytes in a small lagoon alongside a highway near Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil. Twelve buckets were used in three different treatments: with Pistia stratiotes Linnaeus, 1753, with Salvinia auriculata Aublet and without macrophytes. Results: We found a mortality rate of 100% of Chironomidae and Elmidae larvae in the treatment without macrophytes. There was a greater survival of Elmidae compared to Chironomidae in the treatments with P. stratiotes and S. auriculata; however, there was a greater survival of both preys on treatment with P. stratiotes. Conclusions: We conclude that the presence of macrophytes decreased the efficiency of predation of Erythemis nymphs under experimental conditions. The architecture of macrophytes affected predation as macrophytes with longer roots and with greater habitat complexity promoted a greater survival of prey.
Spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton in subtropical stabilization ponds
Authors: Riediger Wiviany , Bueno Norma Catarina , Sebastien Nyamien Yahaut , Bortolini Jascieli Carla
Published: April 2016

Abstract Aim: This study aimed at analyzing the phytoplankton community in two stabilization ponds of a subtropical region regarding spatial and temporal composition, richness, and abundance, as well as the respective relationships with local abiotic factors. For this purpose, we tested the hypothesis that eutrophic discharges of sewage results in the maintenance of high-density phytoplankton community, mainly Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyceae, both spatially and seasonally, as well as the occurrence of a spatial and seasonal similarity between phytoplankton richness and density in stabilization ponds. Methods: We carried out monthly samplings of the phytoplankton community and environmental variables, between March 2011 and February 2012, in two stabilization ponds located in the city of Cascavel, West Paraná State, Brazil. Results: We observed that the sampled months presented a clear distinction regarding environmental variability, which did not occur for the ponds. We identified 39 taxa, with Cyanobacteria as the most representative group both in richness and density. We records low diversity and evenness of species and low phytoplankton spatial and temporal variability without significant differences between the richness and density mean values according to the periods and sampling station. Conductivity, nutrients, dissolved oxygen and turbidity were the major structuring environmental variables of phytoplankton. Conclusion: Our results corroborated our hypotheses considering the similar spatial and temporal phytoplankton distributions because of abiotic conditions behaving similarly, as well as the direct connection of the ponds. This paper points out the importance of such studies to proper management, including cyanobacteria control and operational decisions regarding stabilization ponds and the export of undesirable inoculum for receiving water bodies.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ladino Marco , Pedraza Fernando , Roth David
Published: April 2016

Soon after the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was identified in 1989, it was recognized that the prevalence of infection in patients with ESRD far exceeded that in the general population. Infection with HCV predisposes to the hepatic complications of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, important extrahepatic manifestations include immune complex glomerular disease, accelerated progression of CKD, increases in cardiovascular event risk, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Advances in understanding the molecular biology of HCV have ushered in a new era in the treatment of this infection. Second generation direct–acting antiviral agents have revolutionized therapy, with sustained virologic response rates (undetectable viral load 12 weeks after completing therapy) of >90% in most patients. Studies using direct-acting antivirals in patients with CKD and those on dialysis are showing excellent safety and efficacy as well. In this context, it is imperative that nephrologists become familiar with this literature, reviewed here, so that the important decisions, including which patients should be treated and the optimal timing to initiate therapy, are vetted in association with the compounding issues of CKD, ESRD, and kidney transplantation.
On the DNA Kink Motion Under the Action of Constant Torque
Authors: Якушевич Л.В. , Yakushevich L.V.
Published: April 2016

The influence of the torsion moment on the DNA kink motion is studied by the methods of mathematical modeling. Time dependence of the kink coordinate,
velocity, size, and energy on the different values of the parameters of the external torsion moment have been found. It has been shown that by changing
the parameters, by switching on and off of the external action, one could regulate the velocity and the direction of the kink movement. Estimation of
the torque value necessary for the kink (open state) movement with the velocity comparable to the transcription velocity, has been made.
Dietary Intake, Behaviors and Psychosocial Factors among Women from Food-Secure and Food-Insecure Households
Authors: Sharpe Patricia A , Whitaker Kara , Alia Kassandra A. , Wilcox Sara , Hutto Brent
Published: April 2016

 

Objective: Determine whether macro- and micro-nutrient intake, energy intake, diet quality, adherence to recommended dietary intake, and psychosocial and behavioral factors are associated with household food security.

Design: Baseline data from in-person interviews and telephone-based, 24-hour dietary recall from women recruited to a diet and physical activity controlled trial.

Setting: Neighborhoods encompassing 18 urban census tracts in South Carolina.

Participants: Participants (n=202) were predominantly African American (87%), overweight or obese women aged 25 to 51 years with mean body mass index of 40.6±8.7.

Main Outcomes Measures: Macro- and micro-nutrient intake, energy intake, diet quality, adherence to recommended dietary intake (via multi-pass, 24-h recall); diet-related self-efficacy and social support,
healthy/lowfat and emotional eating behaviors, and depressive symptoms.

Results: Women in food-secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) households were not different on health and sociodemographic characteristics. Women in FI households had lower self-efficacy and healthy/low-fat eating
behaviors, and higher emotional eating and depressive symptoms compared with women in FS households. The groups did not differ on social support. Significant dietary differences were few (FS>FI on protein
and lean meat; FS<FI on carbohydrate intake). For 29 of 35 (74%) dietary intake recommendations, less than 75% of women in both groups met each recommendation.

Conclusions: While food security status was associated with diet-related psychosocial and behavioral factors, it was associated with few aspects of dietary intake. Dietary intake overall was poor. Participants were not meeting guidelines for a diet supportive of general health or weight loss and management, regardless of food security status Ethn Dis. 2016;26(2):139-146; doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.139
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to All-cause, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Mortality in the Black Women’s Health Study
Authors: Bethea Traci N. , Palmer Julie R. , Rosenberg Lynn , Cozier Yvette C.
Published: April 2016

Background: Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with adverse health outcomes, but longitudinal data among Black Americans, who tend to live in more deprived neighborhoods, is lacking.
Objectives: We prospectively assessed the relation of neighborhood SES to mortality in the Black Women’s Health Study.

Design: A prospective cohort of 59,000 Black women was followed from 1995-2011. Participant addresses were geocoded and US Census block group was identified. Neighborhood SES was measured by a score based on US Census block group data for six indicators of income, education and
wealth.

Main outcome measures: Deaths were identified through the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs with control for covariates.

Results: Based on 2,598 deaths during 1995-2011, lower neighborhood SES was associated with increased all-cause and cancer mortality irrespective of individual education: among those with 16 or more years of education, HRs for lowest relative to highest neighborhood SES quartile were 1.42 (95% CI 1.18-1.71) for all-cause and 1.54 (95% CI 1.14-2.07) for cancer mortality. Neighborhood SES was associated with cardiovascular mortality among lesseducated women.

Conclusions: Lower neighborhood SES is associated with greater risk of mortality among Black women. The presence of the association even among women with high levels of education suggests that individual
SES may not overcome the unfavorable influence of neighborhood deprivation. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(2):157-164; doi:10.18865/
ed.26.2.157
Review: Increasing Awareness and Education on Health Disparities for Health Care Providers
Authors: Nesbitt Shawna , Palomarez Rigo Estevan
Published: April 2016

The focus of this review is to highlight health care disparities and trends in several common diseases in selected populations while offering evidence-based approaches to mitigating health care disparities. Health care disparities cross many barriers and affect multiple populations and diseases. Ethnic minorities, the elderly, and those of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are more at-risk than others. However, many low SES Whites and higher SES racial minorities have poorer health than their racial or SES
peers. Also, recent immigrant groups and Hispanics, in particular, maintain high health ratings. The so-called Hispanic Paradox provides an example of how culture and social background can be used to improve health outcomes. These groups have unique determinants of disparity that are based on a wide range of cultural and societal factors. Providing improved access to care and reducing the social determinants of disparity is crucial to improving public health. At the same time, for providers, increasing an understanding of the social determinants promotes better models of
individualized care to encourage more equitable care. These approaches include increasing provider education on disparities encountered by different populations, practicing active listening skills, and utilizing
a patient’s cultural background to promote healthy behaviors. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(2):181-190; doi:10.18865/ed.26.2.181
Sex and Race Differences in the Relationship between Obesity and C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Clark Daniel O. , Unroe Kathleen T. , Xu Huiping , Keith NiCole R. , Callahan Christopher M. , Tu Wanzhu
Published: April 2016

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality; it is known to be positively associated with obesity but there is some evidence that this association differs by race or sex. We used nationally representative data of adults aged >50 years to investigate sex and race modifiers of the associations between obesity and CRP in non-Hispanic White males (n=3,517) and females (n=4,658), and non-Hispanic Black males (n=464) and females (n=826). Using multiple linear regression models with the natural logarithm of CRP as the dependent variable, we sequentially included body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), and socioeconomic, health and health behavior covariates in the model. The association between BMI and CRP was significantly stronger in females than males. Obese White females had mean CRP values slightly above 3 mg/liter (vs 2 for White males) and Black females had mean CRP values >4 mg/liter (vs 3 for Black males). More than 50% of Black females in the United States have obesity. Continued research into racial and sex differences in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and health risks may ultimately lead to more personalized weight loss recommendations. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(2):197-204; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.2.197
“We didn’t learn grammar, we learned Hebrew: Divisions and displacement in the language classroom”
Authors: Feuer Avital
Published: April 2016

The author explored her personal history of feeling stranded in anomie and displacement between two languages, cultures, and identities through her ethnographic research on the subject in a university modern Hebrew language class in Canada. She discoverd a clashing divide between two community sub-groups of “Canadian” and “Israeli” students who based their stereotypes and Othering on their definitions and relationships to the Hebrew language as primarily literary and text-based or oral and speech-based. As the author discoverd the roots of this in-group Othering, she ultimately came to terms with her own feelings of displacement
Children as Co-ethnographers of their Plurilingual Literacy Practices: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Prasad Gail
Published: April 2016

Interdisciplinary childhood researchers have begun to advocate a shift from conducting research about children to engaging children themselves in the research process. In this article, I reflect on issues and insights that arose while working with grade 5 students as ethnographers of their own language and literacies practices over the course of a six-month transformative multiliteracies classroom intervention in a French school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  I describe this initial exploratory case study as a way of provoking discussion on ways we may re-envision plurilingual multiliteracies research with children as co-researchers.
Primary Students’ Book Club Participation
Authors: Hill K. Dara
Published: April 2016

This study is an examination of first grade students’ participation in Book Club at a high achieving, high poverty urban primary school in Detroit. In spite of the school’s high performing record, teachers are constrained by having to adhere closely to the pacing guide and the exclusive use of curriculum literature to preserve the school’s high achieving status. Irrelevant curriculum materials surrounding the themes “Keep Trying” and “Being Afraid” led to a teacher and researcher collaboration to use relatable supplemental texts. An examination of peer-led discussion groups demonstrated deep comprehension and students’ ability to mediate personal connections and multiple perspectives.
Developing critical literacy skills through using the environment as text
Authors: Chambers Joan M , Radbourne Christy L
Published: April 2016

Through a provincially funded project, teachers in a Grade 2 and a Grade 6 class were able to develop best practices as they incorporated the environment as the teaching text for developing critical literacy skills with their students. The findings showed significant improvement in literacy abilities and foundational skills, particularly for Aboriginal students and marginalized learners. Additionally, the children in the study developed an attitude of respect and caring for their place, the environment, and for one another. Framed by ecosocial theory, this research demonstrated the children’s abilities to utilize critical literacy skills to “read their world” and take action.
New Families, New Texts: An Exploration of Viewing, Text, and Schooling from the Perspective of Being an “Other Kind of Family”
Authors: Laidlaw Linda
Published: April 2016

Canadian families are growing increasingly diverse, but the texts that children encounter in their worlds of home and school do not always reflect such changes. Using Carrington’s (2002) descriptions of new families, juxtaposed with autobiographical reflection and qualitative data from a survey of international adoptive families, I examine how texts of popular culture and school can include and exclude children of counternormative families, addressing how new literacies of the Internet have emerged to provide alternate locations for support, information, and representation for such families and children. This article concludes by exploring some ideas for providing more inclusive possibilities in schools.
Exploring Bicultural Experiences: Responding to a Chinese American Young Adult Novel
Authors: Leu Shwuyi
Published: April 2016

Reading and responding to ethnic literature that is reflective of one’s own experiences often has significant value for the younger members of the parallel cultures. This paper reports the results of the responses of young adult and adult Asian and Asian American readers to a Chinese American young adult novel set in the 1920’s. The findings suggest that (1) cultural background played a major role in reader response, (2) cross-cultural reading responses revealed readers’ ethnic identity development, especially when dealing with between-world situations, and (3) Chinese Americans continue to experience racial discrimination today. Implications for educators include the importance of critical literacy and the inclusion of multiethnic literature in the K-12 curriculum.
Assessing Reading Metacognitive Strategy Awareness of Young Children: The Reading Metacognitive Strategy Picture Protocol
Authors: Cobb Jeanne Beck
Published: April 2016

The Reading Metacognitive Strategy Picture Protocol (RMSPP) is an informal, authentic, naturalistic diagnostic tool for classroom teachers and clinicians to use with children as young as kindergarten to assess students’ knowledge and awareness of metacognitive strategies. This article describes the RMSPP and how it was implemented in one informal project with 139 kindergarten – third graders, illustrating the usefulness of this picture protocol response technique with young children.
Second Language Learners Making Video in Three Contexts
Authors: Toohey Kelleen , Dagenais Diane , Schulze Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

We describe videomaking projects in Canada, India, and Mexico in which second language learners were asked to show the children in the other countries what their lives were like. We consider how this form of expression might contribute to second language learning and allow children to make use of in and out-of-school resources. We also raise questions about the affordances and constraints of the videomaking process and explore how teachers might approach such multimodal literacy activities with children.
Native versus Nonnative: A Literacy Teacher Educator’s Story
Authors: Lee Cheu-Jey
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a story of a nonnative English-speaking teacher educator who prepares native English-speaking pre- and in-service teachers to teach literacy/language arts in elementary school. It portrays what the teacher educator has experienced in exploring the meaning and purpose of literacy education for native speakers. A critical investigation of the teacher educator’s pedagogical practices in relation to his philosophical perspectives stands out as the backbone of the story. Through this investigation, the tension between “native” and “nonnative” is cast in a new light and argued to be a positive quality that should be valued in the field of literacy education.
Formulas for being expertise in classroom and students handling
Authors: Manoah J John Sunil
Published: April 2016

A Person formally engaged in learning especially enrolled in a school or a college where he or she will be put in a space of environment which was known as classroom. It’s all being a part of every educationalist, among them nor everyone had been a good student neither they became a good teacher or whatever we call upon the person who takes care of student and the classrooms, they need some special skills to do that, certainly not in case when they do it name or time sake but when they intend to be one step ahead and prominent to stay in the minds of students forever, they definitely need some special skills, which involves the attributes of one’s Language, Character, Nature, Style, Attitude, Intelligence, Knowledge and Resource. Many may be extraordinary in those skills and still couldn’t be a successful manager of classrooms and students, if we skeptics they common lapse could be in presentation. Herein this article I preferred to give my contemporaries a set of formulas which I practically applied and being successful in handling the students and the classroom which they can utilize to enhance their classrooms and students’ management.
Energy Crisis in Pakistan
Authors: Faheem Jawaria Bint
Published: April 2016

The study was conducted in the department of Electrical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan to highlight the burning issue of energy crisis. Firstly, it overviewed the phenomenon on global level and estimated it as a global issue. Secondly, it studied the issue with reference to the present situation and position of Pakistan. It also high pointed the statistics of demand and supply and power production resources of the country. It discussed the causes of energy crisis in detail. It also put forth the consequences of the crisis with different dimensions. It also offered some solutions to improve the present situation. It also presented suggestions in order to resolve the issue. It was concluded that by owing to the recommended measures Pakistan can get rid of the dilemma of load shedding and short fall.
Glucose Metabolism in Steers Receiving High Fibre Diets and Glucose Infusion Into Abomasum
Authors: Soetanto H. , McMeniman N. P. , Poppi D. P.
Published: April 2016

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The Effect of Different Rice Straw and Concentrate Content of The Ration on Hemicellulase Activity in The Rumen Fluid of Carabao, Cattle, Goat and Sheep
Authors: Bachrudin Z. , Yusiati L. M. , Utomo R. , Asmara W. , Cahyono E. W.
Published: April 2016

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Beef Cattle Development Models in the Selected Transmigration Areas
Authors: Basuno E. , Sabrani M. , Setioko A. R. , Winugroho M.
Published: April 2016

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Transmigration Program with Animal Husbandry Model in Indonesia
Authors: Sardjadidjaja R. , Sitorus S. R. P.
Published: April 2016

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Blood Protein Polymorphism on Javanese Fat Tailed Sheep and Javanese Thin Tailed Sheep
Authors: (Irene) Irene , Wuwuh S. , (Sutopo) Sutopo , Sutiyono B.
Published: April 2016

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In Vitro Digestibility Evaluation of Fermented Coconut Meal Using Aspergillus Niger NRRL 337
Authors: Purwadaria T. , Haryati T. , Darma J. , Munazat O. I.
Published: April 2016

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Endogenous Faecal Phosphorus (EFP) pada Domba Menyusui yang Mengalami Defisiensi Phosphorus Kronis
Authors: Budhi Subur Priyono Sasmito
Published: April 2016

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Effects of Exogenous Acetate and Glicose Load on Rate of Recycling between Acetate and Acetyl-CoA and Portal Drained Viscera of Sheep
Authors: Rustamadji Bugi
Published: April 2016

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Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Survival of Pathogenic Bacteria Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli on Chicken Meat
Authors: Erwanto Yuny , Djojowidagdo Soemitro , Rahayu Kapti , Andini Lidya
Published: April 2016

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The Possibility of Toxic Compounds Present in Acacia Villosa
Authors: Wina Elisabeth , Tangendjaja Budi
Published: April 2016

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Performance of Red Jungle Fowl and Broiler Fowl Offered Palm Kernel Cake Based Diet
Authors: Susanto Iman Rahayu Hidayat
Published: April 2016

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The Performances of Goat Fed Gliricidia Leaves as Sole Diet
Authors: Rasjid Sjamsuddin
Published: April 2016

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Evaluasi Energi Metabolis, Kecernaan Protein, Zat Tepung, dan Sepuluh Bijian Legum pada Ayam Pedaging
Authors: Wiryawan K. G. , Dingle J. G.
Published: April 2016

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Estimasi Parameter Genetik Sifat Produksi Sapi Simmental di Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Sapi Potong Padang Mengatas, Sumatera Barat (Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Production Characteristics on Simmental Cattle at Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggulan
Authors: Suhada Hary , (Sumadi) Sumadi , Ngadiyono Nono
Published: April 2016

The objectives of this research were to estimate the genetic parameters of production characteristics, breeding value (BV), weaning weight ratio (WWR) correlation with BV and most probable producing ability (MPPA) of Simmental cattle reared at Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Sapi Potong Padang Mengatas. Research was based on records of birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), post weaning average daily gain (ADG) and yearling weight (YW) from 2002 to 2007. Heritability value (h2) was estimated for BV, WW, ADG and YW using paternal-half sib correlation and repeatability value (r) of characteristics of both using intra class correlation. The genetic correlation (rG) of BW-WW, WW-YW, WW-ADG, WW-YW, WW-ADG and YW-ADG were analyzed by variance and covariance. BV and MPPA estimation was base on record of weaning weight. The h2 value of BW, WW, YW and ADG were 0.11±0.09; 0.39±0.16; 0.43±0.19; and 0.46±0.20, respectively. The r of BW, WW, YW and ADG, were 0.25±0.16; 0.32±0.18; 0.25±0.22; and 0.34±0.16, respectively. The genetic correlation value of BW-WW, WW-YW, WW-ADG, WW-YW, WW-ADG and YW-ADG were 0.29±0.37; 0.46±0.33; 0.2 ±0.39; 0.68±0.16; 0.006±0.30 and 0.57±0.21, respectively. From 18 Bulls, 10 bulls (55.56%) had the BV higher then average population value, 142.21 kg and the remaining 8 bulls (44.44%) was lower then average population value. Frequency of the BV of prospective male and female with WW higher than WW average was 210 calves (44.68%); whereas, 260 calves (55.32%) had WW lower than average population corrected with parent age (130.21 kg). Range of absolute BV was from 112.77 kg to 155.91 kg. The BV of male had average frequency higher than that of female, i.e. 149 males (66.22%) compared to 61 female (24.90%). The MPPA with above the average WW of the population was 150 cows (41.67%) and the rest of cows (210 head or 58.33%) were under the
average. The WWR had positive and significant correlation (1.00**) with the NP. It means that, if the cattle have a high WWR, they will also have a high NP, so that they can be used as the criteria of selection.

(Key words: Simmental cattle, Genetic parameters, Breeding value, Most probable producing ability, Weaning weight ratio)