bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of problem-based modular educational technology in institutions of higher and secondary vocational education
Authors: Balashov A. M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In modern conditions, new requirements are being imposed on the organization of the educational process and the effectiveness of vocational education. At the same time, the quality of graduate training is of paramount importance.

Purpose setting. Therefore, the introduction of new technologies into the educational process is becoming increasingly relevant, which should equip students with a methodology of cognition and creative approaches to solving practical problems. One of the most effective and popular educational services on the market is the problem-modular educational technology.

Methodology and methods of the study. The basics of modular training are revealed by T. A. Kaplunovich and P. Y. Tsyavichene. The understanding of problem-modular learning is interpreted as a procedure for selecting and limiting the range of the most significant problematic issues in the discipline under study without violating the consistency of the presentation of the material. The entire course is divided into modules, the boundaries of which are determined in accordance with the educational and pedagogical tasks, the amount of theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for students to successfully solve professional tasks. The development of approaches to the construction and application of modular programs is considered in detail in the studies of V. M. Gareev, E. M. Durko, G. V. Lavrentiev, N. B. Lavrentieva.

Results. Currently, the vocational education system is faced with the tasks of activating and developing students» cognitive abilities, differentiating and individualizing the learning process in accordance with the required levels of training and formation of specialists with stable motivations for self-improvement and self-education throughout life.

Conclusions. The problem-modular learning technology allows implementing a personality-oriented approach to learning, makes it possible to activate the cognitive activity of students, form their self-education skills and bring learning closer to solving professional tasks.
Academic services of psychological support in the formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of university education
Authors: Tashcheva A. I. , Valeeva G. V. , Khoteeva R. I. , Arpentieva M. R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Human life during the period of higher education is filled with numerous stresses, conflicts and crises. There are especially many of them where the quality of education is low, and the subjects of education are deprived or limited in their opportunities to receive special psychological and other support, where special and systematic work is not carried out to form and develop the stress resistance of the subjects of educational relations.

Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to analyze the tasks and capabilities of modern academic psychological services in the formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of university education.

Methodology and methods of the study. The research method is a theoretical analysis of the tasks and capabilities of modern academic psychological services in the formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of university education.

Results. University stress is a chronic condition, with little difference between the beginning and end of the academic year, the beginning and end of education. At the same time, the stressful events of the university period of human life are numerous and varied. The stresses of education, including the stresses of innovations in education, significantly reduce academic performance and adversely affect the psychological well-being of students, teachers and other members of the university community. The types of stress and support for members of the university community may be different. Numerous complexities of university life include issues such as adaptation to a new environment and the general stress of student / teaching life, etc.: problems of acquiring and assigning academic competencies, problems of academic and related relationships, problems of fairness – inclusion and stigmatization – exclusion, problems education of children, problems of entering the profession, its practice, problems of physical, psychological, moral health, etc. All this speaks of the multiplicity of tasks and opportunities of modern academic psychological services in the formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of university education.

Conclusion. A psychologist can and should act as a model of «ideal» students, teachers, leaders, parents, that is, people who have developed competencies in the ability to learn, teach, educate and be educated. But his main task is to facilitate, assistance, support the development of these competencies, including stress tolerance competencies, other competencies in the field of prevention and coping with difficulties in crisis and stressful situations, in other subjects of education. This imposes very serious requirements on the level of professional, personal and interpersonal maturity of an academic service specialist, activities in the field of directed formation and development of stress resistance of subjects of educational relations.
Chronotopes of didactic communication in modern university
Authors: Menshikov P. V.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the scantily explored problem of (re) organization of spatial-temporal (chronotopic) aspects of didactic communication in a modern university. The author notes the fact that researchers rarely address this problem.

Purpose setting. The purpose of the research is to introduce the concept of the chronotope of didactic communication and describe the leading modes structuring the chronotope of didactic communication in a modern university.

Methodology and methods of the study. The research method is a theoretical analysis of chronotopes of didactic communication in a modern university. The initial theoretical premise of the study is the idea of a complex, systemic nature of didactic communication, in which spatial and temporal characteristics are associated with the very organization of educational and pedagogical interactions in a modern university and influence the choice of educational forms and methods of impact.

Results. There is a high importance of factors of space and time of educational interaction in the ideas of teachers and students regarding didactic communication in a modern university. The fact of the influence of spatial and temporal features of educational interaction on the process of understanding the subject content by students and on the very organizational scheme of didactic interactions in a modern university is noted.

Conclusion. Chronotopes of didactic communication are systems of spatial and temporal organization of didactic communication, correlation of physical and psychological spaces and time of didactic communication, management of psychological mechanisms of orientation of participants of educational interaction in space and time of didactic communication. These systems are different for traditional and modern educational systems, the development of university professional education is in the direction of greater consideration of the psychological space and time of didactic interaction.
Artificial intelligence and personalized learning: Scaffolding technology
Authors: Mindigulova A. A. , Vikhman V. V. , Romm M. V.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to try to answer this question: what are the conditions and strategies for the implementation of AI technologies to solve the strategic task of the transition from mass educational technologies inherent in Industry 4.0 to individualized educational technologies of the upcoming Industry 5.0 using the example of scaffolding subtechnology (derived from the English word «scaffolding» meaning «staging»). The latter in educational discourse is understood as providing support to a student, solely as necessary, with a gradual decrease in the amount of such support as the student»s competencies increase.

Purpose setting. The paper solves the problem of determining the conditions and strategies for the implementation of AI technologies to solve the strategic task of the transition from mass educational technologies inherent in Industry 4.0 to individualized educational technologies of the upcoming Industry 5.0 using the example of the scaffolding subtechnology.

Methodology and methods of the study. The analysis of Russian and foreign sources is used as a research methodology.

Results. The analysis carried out showed that, on the one hand, the scaffolding subtechnology is able to effectively solve the problems of individualization of the educational process as a response to the challenge of modern education, on the other hand, the potential of using the above-mentioned subtechnology is functionally limited by the influence of external socio-economic factors.

Conclusion. Firstly, modern education is in the conditions of total digitalization. At the same time, the demands of society require individualization, humanization and an increase in the scale of the «human touch» from education. The subtechnology of scaffolding can become a link between artificial intelligence, as part of digital technologies, and education. The main reason for the insufficient use of the scaffolding subtechnology at the moment is its insufficient knowledge. Speaking about the possibilities of using subtechnology in Russia, it is worth mentioning that research on the impact of the latter on the learning process has practically not been conducted, which makes it impossible both to fully use and evaluate the possibilities of scaffolding in modern education.
Defining the concept of identity of national vocational education system
Authors: Pleshakova A. Yu.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Geopolitical, social and economic disasters of all over the world space cause the crisis of identity, which is fixed by the researchers of social and humanitarian sciences. The controversial nature of the process of internationalization of the vocational education system and its striving to keep in safety the traditional values of education are articulated. This process gives close attention not only on studying the problems of creating conditions to form of identity by means of the educational space of the country, but also understanding the phenomenon of identity of the national education system.

Purpose setting. The aim of the article is the defining of some essential features, which can explain the concept of the identity of national vocational education system.

Methodology and methods of the study. The methods of the research are the analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of proposed approaches, integration and synthesis for defining identity kinds and features of the identity of national vocational education system.

Results. Some essential features of identity related to contemporary information age are defined. Among them are authenticity and simulativeness, multiplicity, dynamism, givenness and choice, axiology, recombination. Identity can be described as a form of predication of existence and the way of social understanding. The factors of globalization and regionalization have an influence on the identity transformation process. The ideological and civilization identity are described for better understanding the essence of the identity of national vocational education system.

Conclusion. Determination of essential features of the identity of national vocational education system and studying of the processes of its formation and transformation indicate the domination of value components of the process. It can be used to explain the risks of transferring practices from foreign educational systems to national education system.
Resiliencia y calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica del Hospital Militar Central
Authors:   , Bautista Prado Amelia Fernanda
Published: January 2024

Introducción: La resiliencia es fundamental para afrontar situaciones difíciles (en personas sanas y enfermas) y puede estar relacionada con la calidad de vida, variable que ayuda a sobrellevar enfermedades según la literatura. Objetivo: Se busca conocer cómo se relacionan la resiliencia y la calidad de vida de personas con enfermedad renal crónica de un hospital de Lima. Método: Mediante un diseño no experimental y transversal se evaluó una muestra de 32 participantes (9 mujeres y 23 varones) con la escala de Connor-Davidson (resiliencia) y la escala de Olson y Barnes (calidad de vida). Resultados: El análisis descriptivo de la resiliencia evidenció que 81,3 % de los encuestados se ubicó en un nivel promedio, y la menor proporción (3,1 %) se halló en el nivel muy alto. Con relación a la segunda variable, 62,5 % obtuvo un nivel promedio y solo 3,1 % logró el nivel óptimo. El análisis inferencial señala una correlación positiva moderada entre las variables (r = 0,483; p = 0,005). Conclusión: Los resultados concuerdan con estudios previos, por lo que son significativos y contribuyen con evidencia a fortalecer el acompañamiento psicológico de los pacientes y a reflexionar cómo esta correlación les ayuda a afrontar la enfermedad.
Linear, symmetric, self-selecting 14-bit molecular memristors
Authors: Williams R. Stanley , Sharma Deepak , Rath Santi , Kundu Bidyabhusan , Korkmaz Anil , Thompson Damien , Bhat Navakanta , Goswami Sreebrata , Goswami Sreetosh
Published: January 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the domain of large resource intensive data centers that limit access to a small community of developers [1-3]. Neuromorphic hardware promises dramatically improved space and energy efficiency for AI, but is presently only capable of low-accuracy operations, like inferencing in neural networks [4-6]. Core computing tasks of signal processing, neural network training and natural language processing demand far higher computing resolution, beyond that of existing neuromorphic circuit elements [7-9]. Here we introduce an analogue molecular memristor based on a Ru-complex of an azo-aromatic ligand with 14-bit resolution. The supramolecular electronic structure of the film enables voltage-driven ionic rearrangement facilitating 16,520 distinct analogue levels. These levels can be linearly and symmetrically updated or written individually in one time-step, substantially simplifying the weight update procedure over existing neuromorphic platforms [4]. The circuit elements are unidirectional, facilitating a selector-less 64×64 crossbar-based dot-product engine that enables vector-matrix multiplication, including Fourier transform, in a single time-step. We achieved >73 dB signal-to-noise-ratio, a four-order of magnitude improvement over the state-of-the-art [10-12], while consuming 460× less energy than digital computers [13]. Accelerators leveraging these molecular crossbars could transform neuromorphic computing, extending it beyond niche applications and reinforcing the core of digital electronics from the cloud to the edge [14,15].
Molecularly Architected Polymers Enabled by Frontal Polymerization
Authors: Sottos Nancy , Paul Justine , Gao Yuan , Go Yoo Kyung , Koett Luis Rodriguez , Sharma Anisha , Chen Manxin , Lessard Jacob , Topkaya Tolga , Leal Cecilia , Moore Jeffrey , Geubelle Philippe
Published: January 2024

Materials with hierarchical architectures that combine soft and hard material domains with coalesced interfaces possess superior properties compared to their homogeneous counterparts1-4. Such architectures in synthetic materials have been achieved through additive manufacturing strategies such as 3D printing, which require an a priori design and active intervention throughout the manufacturing process to achieve architectures spanning multiple length scales5-10. Here, we harness frontal polymerization dynamics to autonomously fabricate molecularly architected polymers with multiscale organization. This rapid fabrication method leads to the formation of amorphous and semi-crystalline domains emerging from the internal interfaces generated between the solid polymer and the propagating cure front. The size, spacing, and arrangement of the domains are controlled by the interplay between the reaction kinetics, thermochemistry, and boundary conditions. Small perturbations in the fabrication conditions reproducibly lead to remarkable changes in the strength, elastic modulus, and toughness of the resulting materials. This ability to control mechanical properties and performance solely through the initial conditions represents a significant advancement in the design and manufacturing of advanced multiscale materials.
Transistors platform for rapid and parallel detection of multiple pathogens by nanoscale-localized multiplexed biological activation
Authors: Riedo Elisa , Wright Alexander , Nasralla Hashem , Deshmukh Rahul , Jamalzadeh Moeid , Hannigan Matthew , Patera Andrew , Li Yanxiao , Manzo-Perez Miguel , Parashar Nitika , Huang Zhujun , Udumulla Thanuka , Chen Weiqiang , de Forni Davide , Weck Marcus , de Peppo Giuseppe , Shahrjerdi Davood
Published: January 2024

The rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens, highly infectious viruses, and chronic diseases has prompted the search for rapid and versatile medical tests that can be performed by the patient. An electronic biosensing platform based on field-effect transistors (FETs) is particularly attractive due to sensitivity, fast turn-around, and compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing. However, the lack of methods for pathogen-specific functionalization of individual FETs prevents parallel detection of multiple pathogens. Indeed, so far functionalization of FET based biosensors is achieved by drop casting without any spatial selectivity. Here, we propose a paradigm shift in FET’s biofunctionalization. Specifically, we use thermal scanning probe lithography (tSPL) with a thermochemically sensitive polymer that can be spin-coated on any FET material. We demonstrate that this scalable, CMOS compatible methodology can be used to functionalize individual FETs with different bioreceptors on the same chip, at sub-20 nm resolution, paving the way for massively parallel FET detection of multiple pathogens. Antibody- and aptamer-modified FET sensors are then realized, achieving an ultra-sensitive detection of 5 aM of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and 10 human SARS-CoV-2 infectious live virus particles/ml, and selectivity against human influenza A (H1N1) live virus.
Disease progression and clinical outcomes in latent osteoarthritis phenotypes: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Guo Weihua , Huang ZeYu , Zhang Zhao , Bucklin Mary , Martin John
Published: January 2024

The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is widespread and the heterogeneous patient factors and clinical symptoms in OA patients impede developing personalized treatments for OA patients. In this study, we used unsupervised and supervised machine learning to organize the heterogeneity in knee OA patients and predict disease progression in individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset. We identified four distinct knee OA phenotypes using unsupervised learning that were defined by nutrition, disability, stiffness, and pain (knee and back) and were strongly related to disease fate. Interestingly, the absence of supplemental vitamins from an individual’s diet was protective from disease progression. Moreover, we established a phenotyping tool and prognostic model from 5 variables (WOMAC disability score of the right knee, WOMAC total score of the right knee, WOMAC total score of the left knee, supplemental vitamins and minerals frequency, and antioxidant combination multivitamins frequency) that can be utilized in clinical practice to determine the risk of knee OA progression in individual patients. We also developed a prognostic model to estimate the risk for total knee replacement and provide suggestions for modifiable variables to improve long-term knee health. This combination of unsupervised and supervised data-driven tools provides a framework to identify knee OA phenotype in a clinical scenario and personalize treatment strategies.
Disruption of glucagon receptor induces single α-cell hypersecretion through upregulation of VGF
Authors: Jia Jianxin , Kang Qi , Bai Xuanxuan , Wong F. Susan , Jin Quan-wen , Li Mingyu
Published: January 2024

Antagonism of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) improves glycemic control both in rodent diabetes models and humans with diabetes. However, GCGR antagonism, as well as GCGR-deficiency in animal models, cause side effects of α-cell hyperplasia and hyperglucagonemia, which limit its clinical applications. The cause of these side effects has been unclear. In this study, we performed single-cell transcriptomic sequencing of α cells from glucagon receptor knockout (GCGR-KO) mice. We confirmed that α cells increased proliferation, and increased the expression of Glucagon and Slc38a5. We also found that the interaction of α cells with other endocrine cells increased, and insulin- and somatostatin-mediated inhibition of glucagon secretion was blunted. Importantly, we demonstrated that the GCGR-KO mouse not only had induced α-cell hyperplasia but also increased glucagon secretion at the single-cell level. Interestingly, GCGR-KO mouse dramatically and specifically increased VGF in α cells. Suppression of VGF reduced the α cell hypersecretion both ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of VGF impaired the formation of immature proglucagon secretory granules in the trans‑Golgi network, and reduced glucagon peptide maturation. These results demonstrated the basis for hyperglucagonemia in the GCGR-deficient animal, and will be beneficial for optimization of clinical application of GCGR antagonism for diabetes treatment.
Anatomic Characteristics of the Lacrimal Sac and Adjacent Bony Structures - A Computed Tomographic-Dacryocystography Study
Authors: Cui Xinhan , Fang Yanwen , Zhang Limin , Qiu Jini , Zhang Chaoran , Wang Yan
Published: January 2024

Purpose To describe the anatomic characteristics of the lacrimal sac and its adjacent bone structures and to provide surgical recommendations for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN - DCR) in Asians.
Methods This retrospective comparative study involved 118 sides with complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction and 83 unaffected sides. Computed tomographic - dacryocystography (CT-DCG) scans were performed before lacrimal surgery, and image reconstruction was used to obtain continuous 0.75-mm axial, coronal, and segmental sections for review. The morphology of the lacrimal sac and its relationship with adjacent bony structures were determined for measurement, as well as the obstructed location.
Results The height of the lacrimal sac was 12.99 ± 2.10 mm in this study. The operculum of the middle turbinate (OMT) was located vertically in the lower third of the lacrimal sac. Horizontally, the junction between the maxillary bone and the lacrimal bone (MB-LB) was close to, mostly (60.2%) posterior to, the lacrimal sac. The uncinate process was more frequently attached to the lacrimal bones (75.1%). The obstructions were generally located around the entrance of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD); however, some were placed higher, with 7.63% blocked not lower than the OMT. There was a negative correlation between the diameter of the lacrimal sac and the level of obstruction (r= -0.35, p < 0.01).
Conclusion In this study, the OMT and MB-LB can be served as the landmarks in EN - DCR. Partial uncinectomy should be performed in most cases. The obstructions were generally located around the entrance of the NLD, but some extreme individual variations strongly implies the importance of CT-DCG scanning before surgery.
A Transcription Factor Functional Atlas of Germline Development
Authors: Pocock Roger , Cao Wei , Fan Qi , Amparado Gemmarie , Begic Dean , Godini Rasoul , Gopal Sandeep
Published: January 2024

Fertility requires the faithful proliferation of germ cells and their differentiation into gametes. Controlling these cellular states demands precise timing and expression of gene networks.
Transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in gene expression networks that influence germ cell development. There has, however, been no functional analysis of the entire TF repertoire in controlling in vivo germ cell development. Here, we analyzed germ cell states and germline architecture to systematically investigate the function of 364 germline-expressed TFs in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line. Using germline-specific knockdown, automated germ cell counting, and high-content analysis of germ cell nuclei and plasma membrane organization, we identify 156 TFs with discrete autonomous germline functions. By identifying TFs that control the germ cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, germline structure and fertility, we have created an atlas for mechanistic dissection of germ cell behavior and gamete production.
The effect of platelet-rich plasma combined with arthroscopic release in the treatment of frozen shoulder
Authors: Yang Pu , Chen Sipan , Hu Haiqing , Zhang Song
Published: January 2024

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with arthroscopic release in the treatment of frozen shoulder.
Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on 50 frozen shoulder patients admitted to the Orthopedics Department of Wuhan Third Hospital from January 2019 to January 2023. The two groups were divided according to the difference in postoperative medication injection: the PRP group (25 patients) and the triamcinolone acetonide (TC) group (25 patients). The basic information of the two groups of patients was documented and compared. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Constant-Murley Shoulder Function Score (CMS), the Rotator Cuff Quality-of-life Measure (RC-QOL) , and the range of motion of active forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the shoulder were recorded and compared before surgery and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery.
Results There were no significant differences in basic demographic information, such as age, sex, disease course, affected side, between the two groups of patients. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative VAS score, CMS, or joint range of motion between the two groups of patients. Compared to the preoperative values, both groups of patients exhibited significant differences in the VAS score and CMS at each observation time point after surgery. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in CMS at 1 month and 3 months after surgery. At 6 months and 12 months after surgery, the patients in the PRP group had significantly higher CMS scores compared to those in the triamcinolone acetonide group. Within 6 months after surgery, the PRP group exhibited better range of motion in all directions compared to the triamcinolone acetonide group, with statistically significant differences. The RC-QOL scores of patients in the PRP group were higher than those in the triamcinolone acetonide group at 6 and 12 months after surgery.
Conclusion PRP combined with arthroscopic release can effectively alleviate pain in frozen shoulder and improve shoulder joint function, making it an effective treatment plan.
Improving pediatric undertriage in a regional trauma network- a registry cohort study
Authors: Ageron François-Xavier , Evain Jean-Noël , Chifflet Julie , Vallot Cécile , Grèze Jules , Mortamet Guillaume , Bouzat Pierre , Gauss Tobias
Published: January 2024

Background: Trauma remains an important cause of pediatric death worldwide. Management in dedicated pediatric trauma centers is beneficial making accurate prehospital triage crucial. We assessed the comprehensive undertriage in a regional trauma system after introduction of a revised pediatric triage rule.
Methods: This retrospective, multicenter registry study included all pediatric trauma patients < 15 years admitted to Northern French Alps regional hospitals with suspicion of major trauma and/or an Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥3. Triage was assessed before and after introduction of a revised pediatric triage rule; performance was assessed by undertriage, overtriage, sensibility, specificity and likelihood ratios. A multivariable logistic regression identified predictors for undertriage. Undertriage was defined as a child with major trauma (presenting in need for trauma intervention) not directly transported to the pediatric trauma center.
Results: All 1524 pediatric trauma cases from January 2009 to December 2020 were included. Among these, 725/1524 (47.6%) presented with major trauma; 593/1524 (38.9%) were referred to a non-pediatric trauma center, and 220/1524 (15%) were considered undertriaged.over the years, undertriage decreased from 15 to 9%, after introduction of a revised triage rule. The risk of undertriage increased for children > 10 years (OR 2.4; CI 95%: 1.1-5.6; P = 0.03), after a two wheel vehicle road traffic accident (OR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.7; P =0.03), for girls after a fall (OR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3-4.7; P <0.01), for boys in winter ski accident (OR 3.0; 95% IC (1.4-6.5); P < 0.01), and for infants with severe limb and pelvic injury (OR 1.6; 95% IC (1.0-2.5); P = 0.04). Revised pediatric triage rules and helicopter transportation were associated with a reduction of undertriage, respectively with OR 0.5; CI 95%: 0.3-0.9; P< 0.02 and OR 0.4; CI 95%: 0.3-0.6; P < 0.01.
Conclusion: The regional pediatric undertriage rate decreased to 9% after introduction of a revised triage rule; several clinical factors were associated with undertriage.
Phylogeographic patterns of mitochondrial haplotypes and nuclear genotypes of solanum fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Ryukyu Islands indicate multiple origins and inter-strain breeding of the invasive species in Japan.
Authors: Hisaoka Tomoki , Sekine Reiko , Matsuyama Takashi , Huang Yu-Bing , Itoh Hideomi , Takakura Koh-Ichi , Nishida Takayoshi , Honma Atsushi , Matsuura Yu
Published: January 2024

Invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons primarily utilizes Solanaceae fruit crops in Ryukyu islands, southwest Japan. The fly species was reported to have invaded Japan twice and their distinct host preferences suggest that the two populations may be different strains derived from remote geographic origins. In this study, we surveyed various populations of B. latifrons in Okinawa by sequencing multiple mitochondrial and nuclear loci, thereby extrapolating their invasion events and phylogenetic origins. We used live, dried or ethanol-fixed specimens of B. latifrons captured from 15 islands between 2004 and 2020. Successfully sequenced COI, COII and ND4 regions of mitochondrial DNA revealed two distinct haplotypes and the phylogenetic analyses with those from other countries indicated that the haplotypes were clustered into two major clades. The most abundant haplotype found on Okinawa Island and many other islands was closely related to those from Malaysia, suggesting that it may have invaded from Southeast Asia. On the other hand, a minor haplotype consisting of older specimens exclusively from Yonaguni Island formed an independent clade along with those from Taiwan. In addition, sequencing cry1 fragment of the nuclear gene uncovered distinct genotypes associated with the two haplotypes. The comparative analyses of both mitochondrial and nuclear genes also indicated crosses and introgression of the two strains on Yonaguni Island recently. Our study clearly demonstrates two distinct haplotypes/genotypes of B. latifrons with alternative host preferences have likely originated from independent invasion pathways, and therefore suggests that their genetic backgrounds should be carefully considered for customized pest control measures.
Pain Attenuation During Peripheral Venous Catheterisation and Venipuncture Among an African Study Population: A Narrative Review.
Authors: Aiseosa Osadolor
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Introduction:Pain associated with peripheral venous catheter (PVC) insertion and venipuncture can be a significant source of discomfort, particularly for children. The use of topical anaesthetic preparations before PVC insertion can reduce discomfort and enhance health-seeking behaviour.
Objective:This review was aimed at assessing the efficacy of topical anaesthesia to reduce pain during PVC insertion compared to placebo or no treatment, and the associated adverse effects with the use of topical anaesthetic preparations among the African population.
Methods:This review was conducted using a systematic literature search of the following databases and registers:: PubMed, NDLTD, OATD, TROVE, LILACS, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL & MEDLINE [via EBSCOhost], Africa Journal Online (AJOL), Google Scholar, and MedNar was conducted between November and December 2023. Prospective observational studies, randomised controlled trials, case-control studies, longitudinal studies, theses and dissertations were considered in these searches. A total of four studies and 448 respondents participated in the review.
Result:All studies investigated the efficacy of various topical agents, including 5% EMLA and 10% lidocaine cream, and demonstrated a significant reduction in pain with topical anaesthesia compared to placebo or no treatment. The adverse/side effect profile was generally favourable, with no major adverse reactions reported.
Conclusion:Topical anaesthesia is a valuable tool in reducing procedural pain during peripheral venous catheterization and venipuncture in the African population. This review establishes its superiority over placebo or no treatment. Specifically, 10% lidocaine outperforms 5% EMLA in minimizing procedural pain with minimal side effects. Further research is needed to explore alternative preparations for cases of adverse reactions and ineffective anaesthesia.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL: CONTRIBUTOS PARA A PRÁTICA DOCENTE NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Costa Maria Adélia , Ribeiro Giuliano Richard , Mossin Eduardo André
Published: January 2024

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no contexto do Mestrado em Educação Tecnológica, com o propósito de analisar o impacto da inteligência artificial (IA) na transformação das práticas pedagógicas de professores na educação profissional técnica de nível médio (EPTNM). Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, o estudo envolveu quatro professores e uma coordenadora pedagógica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e questionário online, especificamente utilizando a ferramenta Google Forms. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que a adoção da inteligência artificial na prática pedagógica, na instituição em foco, foi avaliada positivamente, apesar de ter apresentado desafios aos professores, como a necessidade de compreensão do funcionamento da plataforma, que nesta instituição se referia a Geekie One. Isso ocorre porque a inteligência artificial não só otimizou o tempo em sala de aula, mas também promoveu maior engajamento dos alunos nas atividades, possibilitando melhoria na aprendizagem. Além disso, incentivou interações mais profundas entre alunos e docentes e enriqueceu as discussões com base nos recursos didáticos disponíveis.
Current review of biodegradation and detoxification strategies for zearalenone contaminated food and feed
Authors: GARI Jiregna
Published: January 2024

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi that may cause serious health problems in humans and animals. Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species that leads to huge economic losses in the food industry and livestock husbandry. Contamination of food and feed with zearalenone has reproductive problems, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and other cytotoxic effects. At present, microorganisms and enzymes derived from microbial strains have been widely used for the degradation of zearalenone in food and feed. Researchers have developed biodegradation of zearalenone by the use of microbial and their enzyme derivatives, which offers harmless products and is environmentally friendly. Development of recombinant enzymes improves enzymatic detoxification of zearalenone to a non-toxic product without damaging the nutritional content. This review summarizes biodegradation and detoxification strategies of zearalenone using microorganisms and enzyme derivatives to nontoxic products.
Desenvolvimento de um controlador PIλDµ discreto otimizado e embarcado em incubadora neonatal
Authors: Sousa Igor Rocha , Barreto Guilherme
Published: January 2024

Neste trabalho, e apresentado o projeto e implementação de um controlador PID de ordem fracionária, também conhecido como PIλDµ, em um sistema embarcado com microcontrolador de 8-bits para controle de temperatura de uma incubadora neonatal. A partir de dados reais, e levantada a função de transferência da planta. Os parâmetros kp, ki, kd, λ e µ do controlador fracionário foram obtidos através´ da metaheurística de otimização PSO. Para evitar a perda de otimalidade que acontece ao se obter os ganhos do controlador analógico e posteriormente convertendo para uma versão discreta e aproximada, o sistema de controle utilizado no processo de otimização possui as limitações reais existentes em um microcontrolador. são aplicadas diferentes funções objetivo, e os resultados dos controladores obtidos com essas funções são convergentes. O controlador de ordem fracionária otimizado obteve 6.468s de tempo de acomodação e sobressinal de 1,18%, enquanto que no sistema real, este controlador obteve 13.668q s de tempo de acomodação e sobressinal de 3,32%.
Risky health-related behavior of Russians: dynamics and impact factors
Authors:   Perm State University, 15 Bukireva St., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Sharypova S.Yu. , Gordeeva S.S. ,   Perm State University, 15 Bukireva St., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Published: January 2024

The review analyzes health risk behaviors of Russians in the ‘pre-pandemic’ (2018–2019), ‘pandemic’ (2020–2021) and ‘post-pandemic’ (2022) periods. Risk behaviors of Russians have been studied in dynamics relying on the secondary analysis of the longitudinal database of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of the National Research University Higher School of Economics; also, factors able to induce changes in them have been established. Evidence is provided to prove a multidirectional dynamics in risk behaviors among Russians during the COVID-19 pandemic: there was a decrease in medical and physical activities along with conditionally stable alcohol and tobacco consumption Men, people younger than 35, and those who did not have children were established to be less active in their interactions with official healthcare organizations and less concerned about their health. A size of a settlement where respondents resided had certain influence on their physical activity (more than 80 % of rural residents pointed out they did not do sports regularly). Addictive behaviors depended on sex, age, and having a partner: men and those respondents who were either married or cohabitated with a partner smoked and drank alcohol much more often. Certain socio-demographic groups tended to replace health protection practices with risky behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women, elderly people and single people tended to become less active as regards healthcare (and many of them remained non-active in the post-pandemic period). In addition to that, single respondents tended to become less physically active during eh pandemic. Addictive behaviors were more typical for men and employed people. Based on the obtained empirical data, the ‘pandemic’ period is described as a stage that does not facilitate occurrence and maintenance of greater adherence to health protection behavior among Russian citizens. Given low levels of trust in the public healthcare and high anxiety, lower medical activity of population has become an entrenched risk behavior pattern as regards health during the ‘post-pandemic’ period as well. It seems highly advisable to develop effective complex programs on health protection for different population groups including those aimed at making healthcare more available, conducting relevant preventing activities, and raising people’s awareness about value of health and ways to protect it.
Healthy lifestyle as a way to manage health risks: Components and factors. Analytical review
Authors:   University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia, Kang Ji , Che Me Rosalam ,   University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia, Kamarudin Khairul Manami ,   University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia, Sulaiman Ruhaizin ,   University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
Published: January 2024

Healthy lifestyle promotion is a strategic task within health protection and healthcare worldwide. A prevailing contribution made by non-communicable diseases into premature death and a decrease in life expectancy makes it necessary to search for effective prevention and technologies able to persuade people to adhere to health protection behavior. The review concentrates on approaches to defining, structuring and empirical study of persuasive design of healthy lifestyle. Substantiation is provided for including physical, mental and social health protection into healthy lifestyle. The review also discusses a possibility to use the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP II) scale to analyze health behavior, including Asian countries. Structural components of healthy lifestyle are identified on the basis of the HPLP II scale. Additionally, several mainstream health behavior theories and models have been selected and analyzed, which explain people’s health behavior. They provide a theoretical basis for exploring influential factors of a healthy lifestyle. Contributions made by sociodemographic and cognitive factors have also been outlines and substantiation has been provided for the necessity to consider such factors as self-efficacy and subjective health perception when developing individual prevention. This research holds valuable reference and guiding significance for the design and implementation of strategies aimed at influencing people's healthy lifestyles in related fields.
Elaborating Strategies of Sustainable Development at Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Shipilova T. A.
Published: January 2024

Elaborating strategy of sustainable development at industrial enterprises is a complicated process aimed at designing and introducing such methods of management, which can provide efficient functioning of the enterprise with regard to ecologic, social and economic aspects. This strategy is a key element of successful running of business in current circumstances, where requirements to sustainability and responsibility to the environment are becoming more and more important. The research found the link between the rate of industry sustainability and provision of sustainable development of enterprises in different industries. The article studies factors that can impact the industrial enterprise in the context of sustainable development and shows the dynamics of correlation between industry sustainability rate and finance results of the enterprise. The author proposed an innovative approach that includes using parameters of generated net accruals in the system of efficiency appraisal, as well as figures of corrected net accruals, where their growth shows the effective transfer to sustainable development.
Institution as Principle Notion of Institutionalism: Definition Problems
Authors: Mankovsky I. A.
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes approaches to defining institution being a central notion of institutionalism. It is clear that the term ‘institution’ is used by Russian economics in different meaning and the same is true for other humanitarian and social sciences, which points to inter-disciplinary nature of the notion. Apart from this, in institutionalism itself, due to different academic approaches to institutional economic theory there are various approaches to defining the notion ‘institution’, which, according to the author, hinders the dynamic development of institutionalism and thus requires correction. According to D. Nort, institution means norms of law, whose influence on economic development was studied in view of the Anglo-Saxon system of law and it is unacceptable within the frames of inter-disciplinary analysis of Russian economics. By analyzing definitions of the notion ‘institution’ put forward by Russian institutionalism researchers and their comparing with D. Nort’s approach a conclusion was drawn that the majority of Russian scientists in line with D. Nort define institution in broad and various wording and formal institutions are interpreted as norms of law formalized in enactments. Through analyzing tasks conferred on institution comprehension of institution in different types of institutionalism with due regard to inter-disciplinary nature of the notion and Russian economic and legal reality the author proposes a unique definition of institution as a central notion of institutionalism, which can foster the development of institutional economic theory used for the analysis of Russian economy, synthesis of social and humanitarian sciences and economic analysis of effective and new legal norms in the field of economic activity.
Fructus mori: An Updated Review on Botany, Phytonutrient, Detection,
Bioactivity, Quality Marker, and Application
Authors: Li Ling-Na
Published: January 2024

Background:

Fructus mori (mulberry) is not only a delicious fruit with rich phytonutrients
and health functions but also a medicinal plant with many clinical therapeutic values for
tonifying kidneys and consolidating essence, making hair black and eyes bright.

Methods:

The related references about F. mori in this review from 1996 to 2022 had been collected
from both online and offline databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, SciFinder, Willy,
SciHub, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar,
ACS publications, and CNKI. The other information was acquired from ancient books and classical
works about F. mori.

Results:

An updated summary of phytonutrients from F. mori was listed as fellows: flavonoids
(1-20) (23.5%), phenolic acids (21-34) 16.5%), alkaloids (35-75) (48.2%), polysaccharides (76-
78) (3.5%), other compounds (79-85) (8.3%). The above chemical components were detected by
TLC, UV-Vis, HPLC, GC-MS, and AAS methods for their quality standards. The various bioactivities
(hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-cancer, and other
activities) of mulberry are summarized and discussed in this review, which laid an important
basis for analyzing their mechanisms and quality markers. This review summarized its applications
for vinegar, wine, yogurt, drink, jelly, and sweetmeat in food fields, and the existing problems
and future development directions are also discussed in this review.

Conclusions:

This review made a comprehensive description of F. mori, including botany, phytonutrient,
detection, bioactivity, quality marker, and application. It will not only provide some
important clues for further studying F. mori, but also provide some valuable suggestions for
in-depth research and development of F. mori.