bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-destructive characterization of internal surfaces in Laser Powder Bed Fused Inconel 718 channels prior and after post-treatment
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Kasperovich Galina ,   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Artzt Katia ,   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Requena Guillermo ,   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Becker Ralf ,   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Behrendt Thomas ,   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Haubrich Jan
Published: February 2023

The effect of surface finishing treatments for inner surfaces of additvely manufactured Inconel 718 specimens were analyzed using X-ray computed tomography (CT). The tube-shaped specimens were built by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) at different build orientations and the inner surface characteristics such as roundness, equivalent diameter, 3D curvature distribution and distance to nominal surface as radial roughness for internal channels, both in the primary “as built” condition and after the subsequent treatment, were evaluated.
Deep learning based sinogram interpolation applied to X-ray CT measurements of polymer additive manufacturing parts
Authors:   Materialise NV, Bellens Simon ,   Materialise NV, Janssens Michel ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Vandewalle Patrick ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Dewulf Wim
Published: February 2023

Large acquisition times are required to achieve high-quality XCT scans, because of the need for high exposure times and a large number of X-ray projections. Reducing the number of projections results in an increase in noise, artefacts in the reconstruction domain and measurement errors. To enhance those low-quality XCT scans, while keeping acquisition times low, we investigated the possibilities of deep learning sinogram interpolation, by using a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) to artificially increase the number of X-ray projections before reconstruction. The method is evaluated on simulated XCT scans from real objects using the ASTRA toolbox. First, the hyperparameters of the loss functions were altered to determine the optimal combination. Second, we experimented with different acquisition schemes and finally the number of X-ray projections is gradually reduced to quantify the minimum required X-ray projections and acquisition time.
New Level of high-resolution Computed Tomography with a 450kV Meso Focus x-ray Source
Authors:   YXLON International GmbH, Stickler Daniel ,   Comet Industrial X-Ray Modules, Odermatt Marcel
Published: February 2023

Computed Tomography (CT) production applications of modern components are increasingly faced with the challenge of achieving a very high resolution even with high densities and a comparatively large material thickness. These components in the aerospace, automotive and electronics industries often consist of 3D-printed metals such as iron, copper, nickel or alloys with resolution requirements rising higher than 10 lp/mm (50 μm). With Computed Tomography and the new MesoFocus x-ray source at 450 kV, YXLON uses the innovative Comet technology, which is made for industrial applications where resolution and penetration of dense material-objects matter. CT with the MesoFocus sources eliminates the tradeoff everyone has to make today between sealed tube solutions and open microfocus tubes – sealed tubes are robust and stable and made for production environments, but offer only limited resolution, while open microfocus tubes offer high resolution, but are not made for production environments and 24/7 operation. YXLON’s new CT solutions allow hassle-free operation, while they bring lab resolution to the production floor. The excellent stability of the sealed MesoFocus x-ray source enables long exposure times that are an enormous advantage for CT applications and are a perfect fit for inspection in aerospace, automotive and electronics industries. The excellent resolution down to 30 μm makes the CT solution the key enabler for advanced manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing. We will present CT results for 3D-printed iron and copper parts as well as for finest mechanics surrounded by gold with sub40μm resolution. Duplex wire IQI and ASTM E1695 results prove the image chain resolution.
Projection Image Interpolation for 4DCT Data using Optical Flow
Authors:   Tokyo Metropolitan University, Komiya Tomoki ,   Tokyo Metropolitan University, Nagai Yukie ,   The University of Tokyo, Ohtake Yutaka ,   Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Monkawa Akira ,   Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Miura Yuka ,   Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Gessei Tomoko
Published: February 2023

Recent progress in additive manufacturing (AM) technology has made it possible to form objects with fine and complex internal structures. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is widely used for inspecting AM objects because it can scan objects’ internal structures nondestructively. Although conventional X-ray CT scanning scans static objects to obtain their three-dimensional geometry, recently, attention has been paid to scanning deforming objects in real time and obtaining time-varying fourdimensional (4D) data. This technology, called 4-dimensional computed tomography, is also used to conduct load-bearing tests of AM products and observation of the deformation of the internal structure of objects. However, dynamic deformation of an object to be scanned while rotating 360° yields a series (one frame) of projection images necessary to reconstruct a CT volume, causing blurs in the reconstructed data. Therefore, we propose an algorithm to generate a frame of projection images of an arbitrary time point by interpolating the projection images from the previous and next frames of continuous scanning. Specifically, we generate the projection images from given frames using optical flow, which adopts the vector field of the gradient of projection values. This algorithm was applied to dynamically changing projection images to experimentally show its robustness against dynamical changes.
Comparison of two different approaches for Spatial Resolution determination for X-ray Computed Tomography with helical scanning trajectory
Authors:   Brno University of Technology (BUT), Lázňovský Jakub ,   Brno University of Technology (BUT), Břínek Adam ,   Brno University of Technology (BUT), Salplachta Jakub ,   Brno University of Technology (BUT), Zikmund Tomáš ,   Thermo Fisher Scientific, Patáková Zuzana ,   Brno University of Technology (BUT), Kaiser Jozef
Published: February 2023

The spatial resolution is still one of the essential parameters quantified in X-ray micro Computed Tomography for industrial applications. There is a number of approaches, how can be the spatial resolution determined. Our paper presents two of them: evaluation of the ruby sphere according to the ASTM E1695–95 guideline and bar pattern recognition included in the nanoQRM phantom. The main aim of this paper is to point out the aspects of the spatial resolution determination according to the selected approaches and to compare the possible differences in the resulting spatial resolution. Both approaches were tested on a helical scanning trajectory utilizing one custom–made phantom consisting of a ruby sphere and commercial nanoQRM within a single scan. Such a unique phantom allows for accurate comparison due to the ability to determine spatial resolution using both methods within a single scan. In general, both approaches determined the spatial resolution on the same value. The final difference is given by the discrete approach provided by nanoQRM.
pwDECT: Dual Energy CT with local SNR-weights for improved reconstruction of objects with radially anisotropic transmissions
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen IIS/NCTS, Zabler Simon ,   Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen IIS/NCTS, Kandler Jakob ,   Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen IIS/NCTS, Wallaschek André ,   Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen IIS/NCTS, Dremel Kilian
Published: February 2023

For objects which are either made from a single or multiple materials, CT reconstruction assumes more or less implicitly the equivalence of the different X-rays which are passing through the object. Equivalence in terms of energy and hence attenuation (or refraction in the case of phase-contrast scanners) contradicts the polychromaticity of the X-ray spectrum, causing beam hardening artifacts in the resulting volume images. Meanwhile, equivalence in terms of transmission (which favors an optimal signal-to-noise ratio SNR) is often ignored. CT scans which comprise very different transmissions (either because of anisotropic shape or anisotropic materials distribution) feature strongly anisotropic volume image noise or even metal artifacts for strongly varying material densitites. For planar objects transmission can be equalized by replacing CT with Computed Laminography (CL), yet CL is only reconstructing partial volume information while eclipsing structural in-plane components. This work aims at combining the information from two or more CT scans which were recorded with different X-ray spectra (commonly referred to as Dual Energy CT) in order to collect strong signals„ both along short and long path lengths, while avoiding beam hardening during reconstruction. The method is demonstrated for impact damaged glass-fiber boards and for the circuit board in a smartphone.
Trajectory Optimization in Computed Tomography Based on Object Geometry
Authors:   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Matz Annabel ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Holub Wolfgang ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Schielein Richard
Published: February 2023

We present a new approach for the task of trajectory optimization for X-ray computed tomography (CT) in a robot-based CT (RoboCT) application. An optimized trajectory corresponds to a projection set of predefined size that leads to a 3Dreconstruction with less image-artifacts than other possible sets of the same size. We incorporate prior knowledge through a model of the object and simulated X-ray projections of the interested scenario. We formulate the optimization problem as maximization of an objective function and solve it heuristically by means of a genetic algorithm. As objective function, we use a metric that correlates with the amount of edge information of a projection set, since we assume that this characteristic is important for a reconstruction with low image-artifacts. The metric is based on wavelet analysis of the projections. We carry out computer experiments for a test object made of homogeneous material. The optimized trajectory allows a sharp reconstruction of straight edges and clearly outperforms reconstructions from standard trajectories.
Influence of detector misalignments on different geometrical and dimensional measurands using a dedicated test specimen
Authors:   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Reuter Tamara ,   Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Borges de Oliveira Fabrício ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Plotzki David ,   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hausotte Tino
Published: February 2023

An important focus of research in Industrial X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is to determine the task-specific measurement uncertainty of CT measurements numerically by using simulations. For this, all relevant influence factors need to be identified and quantified. It is known, for example, that geometrical misalignments of the detector lead to measurement deviations if the reconstruction does not consider these misalignments. This contribution uses computer simulation of CT data to investigate the influence of geometrical misalignments of the detector on several measurands found in typical measurements tasks in the industry. A newly developed test specimen with a broad variety of features is used for this study. Angular and positional detector deviations are systematically introduced into the simulations and deliberately left uncompensated during the CT reconstruction. The resulting measurement deviations are shown and discussed.
Evaluating the geometrical error of dimensional X-ray CT to enhance the measurement accuracy
Authors:   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Matsuzaki Kazuya
Published: February 2023

Dimensional X-ray computed tomography (DXCT) is widely used in the manufacturing field because it is the only technology that enables nondestructive measurement of products’ internal features. However, DXCT is less accurate than tactile coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) because DXCT has many error factors. A large influencing factor is the geometrical error of computed tomography (CT) systems. The error sources of DXCT instruments should be evaluated, compensated, and mechanically adjusted to enhance their accuracy. In this paper, the current performance of a CT system was evaluated. The geometrical error of the system was assessed using a laser interferometer. The translational errors of the magnification axis were±4 μm, and its rotational errors were±2 arcsec. Furthermore, the angle error of the rotation axis was ±6 arcsec. These errors will be used for numerical correction and mechanical modification in future research.
Preface and Program
Authors:   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Kastner Johann
Published: February 2023

The relevance of Industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT) is continuously increasing –

mainly due to its great advantages in the non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials and

components. In contrast to other NDT methods, CT is able to provide three-dimensional

representations of a component´s internal structure. The biggest advantage of CT is that the

part is represented in three dimensions facilitating the detection of hidden, internal features

and defects (e.g. shrink-holes, cracks, inclusions, and pores). Using CT it is possible to

determine physical variables like porosity and density using high-resolution, 3D image data.

Even after decades of progress in the advancement of industrial CT systems, new products,

methods, and applications are constantly developed. The industry and scientific presentations during the iCT Conference 2022 will give insight into the latest developments as well as

established methods.
Performance parameters for evaluating pore detection ability of computed tomography systems
Authors:   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Höger Katja ,   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Schild Leonard ,   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Weiser Lukas ,   Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Lanza Gisela
Published: February 2023

Industrial x-ray computed tomography (CT) has become an important tool for detecting and characterizing pores in workpieces produced through additive manufacturing (AM). However, a procedure to quantify the ability of a CT system to reliably detect pores, ideally in a non-destructive manner and before the actual analysis process, is still being researched. Previous approaches can either only be carried out at a great expense and destructively, or have not yet been validated in the actual case of pore detection. This work presents a potential reference object and corresponding performance parameters, the metrological structural resolution and the grey-scale resolution. To investigate their suitability for predicting the ability to detect pores, both the reference object, and special pore-containing AM samples were examined using the same CT settings. Linking the performance parameters with the pore detection rate of the AM samples showed that structural resolution, but also image sharpness, are suitable parameters.
On the use of X-ray computed tomography for the improvement of metal laser powder bed fusion process monitoring
Authors:   University of Padova (UNIPD), Bonato Nicolò ,   University of Padova (UNIPD), Zanini Filippo ,   University of Padova (UNIPD), Carmignato Simone
Published: February 2023

Laser-powder bed fusion (LPBF) is increasingly used as a successful metal additive manufacturing technology in different industrial sectors, such as biomedical and aerospace, especially for the production of parts with high geometrical complexity. However, LPBF is still affected by repeatability issues and the presence of several defects within the fabricated components. This aspect is therefore a hindrance in the spreading of this prospective technology, which in several cases is still not able to meet the stringent quality requirements imposed by such industries. In order to overcome these issues, X-ray computed tomography (CT) acquires a fundamental role in the understanding of critical aspects and for process development and optimization. Also considering the growing interest regarding the development of LPBF process monitoring systems, which seek to identify and possibly correct defects during fabrication, CT is very much needed for the generation of reference data concerning actual geometry and internal defects. Nevertheless, this implies the need for an accurate comparison between datasets obtained by in-process acquisitions and post-process measurements, with the aim of successfully correlating process events to actual defects. However, to enhance the comparison accuracy, deformations occurring during and after manufacturing need to be considered when performing in- and post-process data registration, given that this aspect is greatly affecting the outcome of correlations. This work studies a sample geometry that is specifically developed for enhancing data registration accuracy, along with the related alignment procedure. The methodology has also the advantage to be applicable to any kind of in-process monitoring data, despite this paper uses optical imaging for the acquisition of long-exposure digital images, which proved to be suited for detecting spatter particles. Post-process datasets were obtained through metrological X-ray computed tomography, which provides detailed information regarding internal defects.
Energy dispersive x-ray CT using a fixed gantry design for material classification in aviation security x-ray screening
Authors:   Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Sloth Steffen ,   Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Olsen Ulrik L. ,   Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Quagliotti Danilo ,   Technical University of Denmark (DTU), De Chiffre Leonardo ,   Exruptive, Christensen Morten ,   Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Poulsen Henning Friis
Published: February 2023

This work presents opportunities and challenges in energy dispersive CT systems for aviation security applications. Current security x-ray scanners use dual-energy systems for threat identification. Dual-energy scanners cannot clearly separate all materials, which results in high false-alarm rates and cause delays for travellers. The development of both new energy dispersive photon counting detectors and associated analysis algorithms allows for improved threat detection by employing energy dispersive scanner systems. The implementation in aviation of such systems as security x-ray scanners also poses several challenges, which are discussed in the paper.
A new surface treatment method for simplifying and enhancing the segmentation of open space pore object
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Raykovska Miryana ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Georgiev Ivan
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to present a new method for surface treatment of open pore materials and specimens to aid and fasten the segmentation process. The study is divided into two parts. In the first part of the investigation, three materials were tested on a plastic surface under laboratory conditions: X-ray contrast dental adhesive, wax, and zinc spray. After careful observation of the results, the zinc spray was selected for the purposes of the study. In the second part, the experiment was repeated with zinc contrast layers on a single-rooted tooth in two and three layers, zinc spray on sintered glass and a multirooted tooth in three layers. Region growing method was selected for the segmentation. The selected specimens were covered with a contrast layer, scanned, and images were reconstructed and analysed. After both the scanning and reconstruction stages, success was achieved in the samples with three layers. As a next step, the volumes of the root canal and the sintered glass were calculated successfully. In conclusion, using zinc spray as an X-ray contrast coating may be a successful approach in micro-computed tomography.
A machine learning supported sinogram interpolation method for X-ray computed tomography
Authors:   Materialise NV, Bellens Simon ,   Materialise NV, Janssens Michel ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Vandewalle Patrick ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Dewulf Wim
Published: February 2023

The time of an X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) measurement is directly affected by the number of acquired X-ray projections. In general, a large number of X-ray projections, hence a large acquisition time is required to obtain a qualitative reconstruction and successive feature analysis. To expand the applicability of XCT towards low-end parts we propose a novel sinogram interpolation method that incorporates the object rotation. The method combines a forward projection model of the XCT system and a deep learning regression model to generate intermediate X-ray projections for XCT scans with a reduced number of projections. Thereby, the accompanying reconstruction artefacts can be reduced while preserving a lower acquisition time. The method is validated on simulated projections of the 3D Shepp-Logan phantom and simulated projections of real 3D printed components using the ASTRA-toolbox. Within the reconstructions, less streaking artefacts are observed and an increased contrast between different features is obtained without introducing rotational artefacts.
3d imaging and analysis of cracks in loaded concrete samples
Authors:   Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU) former Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Jung Christian ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik (ITWM), Nowacka Anna ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik (ITWM), Barisin Tin ,   BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Meinel Dietmar ,   Konrad-Zuse-Institut Berlin (ZIB), Paetsch Olaf ,   Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU) former Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Grzesiak Szymon ,   Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Salamon Michael ,   Fraunhofer-Institut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik (ITWM), Schladitz Katja ,   Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU) former Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Redenbach Claudia ,   Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU) former Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Pahn Matthias
Published: February 2023

Concrete plays a central role as the standard building material in civil engineering. Experimental characterization of the concrete microstructure and a description of failure mechanisms are important to understand the concrete’s mechanical properties. Computed tomography is a powerful source of information as it yields 3d images of concrete specimens. However, complete visual inspection is often infeasible due to very large image sizes. Hence, automatic methods for crack detection and segmentation are needed. A region-growing algorithm and a 3d U-Net showed promising results in a previous study. Cracks in normal concrete and high-performance concrete that were initiated via tensile tests were investigated. Here, the methods are validated on a more diverse set of concrete types and crack characteristics. Adequate adaptions of the methods are necessary to deal with the complex crack structures. The segmentation results are assessed qualitatively and compared to those of a template matching algorithm which is well-established in industry.
Total Variation regularized reconstruction for enhancing the quality of few-view industrial computed tomography applied to image analysis and metrology
Authors:   Volume Graphics GmbH, Bahrkazemi Maryam ,   Volume Graphics GmbH, Rohde Alexander ,   Volume Graphics GmbH, Hess Jonathan ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Guerrero Patricio ,   Volume Graphics GmbH, Gondrom-Linke Sven ,   Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Dewulf Wim
Published: February 2023

The few-view image reconstruction problem is one of the challenging research areas in industrial Computed Tomography (CT). On the one hand, acquiring enough data for reconstruction leads to a longer scanning time, which may not be applicable in industrial CT. On the other hand, reconstructing under-sampled data leads to artifacts and inaccurate image analysis. To get a usable reconstruction for image analysis, from the insufficient data caused by quick cone beam CT scans, we use a Total Variation (TV) regularized optimization problem. A split Bregman implementation is used to solve the TV regularized CT reconstruction problem. To evaluate the quality of the few-view reconstruction produced by the split Bregman, we perform gray value analysis and porosity analysis. The comparison is done against the established reconstruction algorithms OSSART and FDK approximate formula, using real and realistically simulated CT data in cone beam geometry.
Three Step Volumetric Segmentation for Automated Shoe Fitting
Authors:   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Leipert Martin ,   Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Herl Gabriel ,   Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen IIS/NCTS, Stebani Jannik ,   Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Zabler Simon ,   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maier Andreas
Published: February 2023

This work presents a three-step segmentation process based on Convolutional Neural Networks. The task is to identify the different parts of shoes from Computed Tomography scans of boxed pairs of shoes. The first step of the three-step algorithm uses a scaled-down volume image to separate the shoe material from its surroundings. The second step segments the shoe's inside volume, i.e. the space enclosed by shoe material. The third and last step splits the segmented shoe material into individual components: shoe upper material, outer and insole. The complete process employs CNNs derived from three-dimensional UNets. Residual SE UNet, Dense UNet, and Bottleneck Residual UNet are evaluated for the three steps. The architectures are modified for large receptive fields. The networks are trained and tested for each step separately and conjointly on CT scans comprising various shoe types. The test results inspire hope for using the process for automated segmentation and extraction of meshes from large batches of CT scans. In particular, the first step using a Residual SE UNet achieves an F1-score of 88.2 % for shoes and 58.9 % for the packing material. The second step segments the inside volume with an F1-score of 81.0 %. The third step segments the shoe into its components and achieves an F1-score for insole of 79.5 %, outer sole of 88.7 % and upper material of 81.3 %.
Achieving Production Level Computed Tomography Inspection at Los Alamos National Laboratory
Authors:   Los Alamos National Laboratory, Hashem Joseph
Published: February 2023

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is a powerful non-destructive method providing 3D information about the internal structure of materials typically on the scale of 10 to 100 μm. Personnel at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) have made significant progress applying CT to the inspection of small electrical components in a manufacturing environment, inspecting thousands of parts per year. As that mission increases there is also a desire to assist with dimensional analysis to complement traditional coordinate and optical measuring machines. Efficient techniques to analyze CT data create an intuitive output for assessment of part quality (e.g. go/no-go). Here we describe the current state of CT inspection, as well as ongoing R&D efforts such as implementation of robotics for higher throughput.
Novi-Sim: A fast X-ray tomography simulation software for laboratory and synchrotron systems to generate training databases for deep learning applications
Authors:   Novitom, Neffati Dajla ,   Novitom, Autret Awen ,   Novitom, Berheas Tom ,   Novitom, Jayde Livingstone ,   Novitom, Fayard Barbara
Published: February 2023

Novi-Sim is an X-ray tomography simulation software that models the attenuation contrast and scattered radiation in laboratory imaging systems, as well as phase contrast in systems with coherent X-ray sources, such as synchrotrons. It simulates multiple X-ray sources, including but not limited to X-ray reflexion and transmission tubes, as well as the image noise through the entirety of the acquisition chain. In this study, we detail some of the models already implemented or that are being implemented to Novi-Sim, particularly, the spectra models and their sampling methods and show that they generate accurate spectra compared to a real X-ray source. In addition, we present the hybrid probabilistic-deterministic model that accounts for scattered radiation and we show the great agreement between results generated in Novi-Sim, and those generated by Gate, a Monte Carlo simulation tool. Given the precision and limited computation time, Novi-Sim can be used to build large databases for training artificial intelligence algorithms.
Advancing research and education with simple setup Talbot-Lau-Interferometers
Authors:   Microworks Gmbh, Gutekunst Josephine ,   Microworks Gmbh, Fettig Rainer ,   Microworks Gmbh, Schulz Joachim ,   Upper Austrian University of Applied Sciences (FH OÖ), Glinz Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Grating based interferometry is a widely established technique used for various applications in X-ray imaging, from materials science [1,2] to medical diagnosis [3,4]. Talbot-Lau-Interferometers are especially promising for laboratory-based setups. By introducing a source grating into the optical setup, requirements on the spatial coherence of the source are reduced significantly [5] and the complementary phase- and dark-field-contrast modalities can be extracted. In this work, we introduce our novel Talint-EDU system, a ready to use Talbot-Lau-Interferometer, for implementation to existing X-ray imaging setups, nearly independent of X-ray source or detector. Its simple setup procedure, compact build and robust design allows for quick setup (within 30 min) and dismantling so that for interesting samples, the two additional modalities of X-ray imaging become easily available. In this contribution we will present the technical characteristics, show first results, and give an outlook on future developments of easily accessible Talbot-Lau-Interferometry.
YouTube as a Source of Information on Hymenoplasty
Authors: Erdogan Gokcen
Published: February 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality, validity and reliability of YouTube videos regarding hymenoplasty. Methods: On 01/03/2021, the terms "Hymenoplasty", "Hymen Repair", "Hymenoplasty Surgery" and "Virginal Membrane" were entered separately in the YouTube search bar, and the videos were listed by selecting "relevance" from the filtering options. After excluding non-English videos, videos shorter than 60 seconds and longer than 20 minutes, entertainment videos, news and repeat videos, the most relevant and most watched 100 videos were included in the study. Results: While 50% of these videos were uploaded by physicians and 40% by private clinics, 64% were contained information about surgical technique and 28% general information. While the mean DISCERN score of the videos uploaded by physicians was 2.96 ± 0.83, it was 2.84 ± 1.27 for those who were not uploaded by physicians. While the mean GQS score of the videos uploaded by doctors was 2.96 ± 0.75, it was 2.74 ± 1.24 for the videos that were not uploaded by physicians. According to the scores given by the researchers on both DISCERN and GQS scales, 38 videos were found to be of poor quality and misleading, 31 videos were of medium quality, 23 videos were of good quality, and 8 videos were of excellent quality. Conclusion: While general information videos uploaded by physicians and private clinics contain useful and educational information, we found that surgical technique videos provide incomplete and misleading information. We think that all videos with health content should only be uploaded by specialist doctors and health channels and these videos should be subjected to peer review.
BREAST CANCER AND BONE HEALTH UPTODATE
Authors: Vargas-Hernández Víctor Manuel
Published: February 2023

Background: breast cancer is the most common tumor in women worldwide and osteoporosis is linked to it, 70-80% of patients receive adjuvant endocrine therapy to improve prognosis; but, they accelerate bone loss and increase the risk of fractures by causing inflammation that stimulates bone breakdown and slows bone growth; Assessment of initial risk of fracture, monitoring of bone health and individualization based on initial risk, implementation of non-pharmacological measures, consideration of bone mineral density T-scores, guidance on criteria for starting antiresorptive treatment, choice of agents and duration of treatment, taking into account the oncological benefits of antiresorptive treatment. Objective: to analyze and evaluate the causes of bone loss in patients with breast cancer, adequate detection to estimate the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, prevention and therapeutic strategies for these, and the role of antiresorptive agents as adjuvant therapy. Conclusions: Despite advances in the management of bone loss induced by breast cancer, the optimal time to start antiresorptive agents and the duration of treatment remain unanswered; although, the evidence supports the use of therapeutic agents to protect bone health in breast cancer. Future clinical trials, as well as increased awareness of bone health, are needed to improve prevention, evaluation, and treatment in long-term breast cancer survivors.
Detection of Mthfr (C667t) and Mthfd (G1958a) Polymorphisms Among Sudanese Women with The Recurrent Miscarriages
Authors: Elsadig Babiker Nihad
Published: February 2023

Background Recurrent pregnancy loss affects 1 to 5% of women trying to conceive, I t has a significant impact at individual and social level. Methodology case-control study conducted at the research laboratory of the national center of neurological sciences, Khartoum, Sudan. All patients attending Ibrahim Malik teaching hospital and diagnosed with recurrent spontaneous abortion were included as case and healthy women at reproductive age were included as controls. The DNA was isolated by standard phenol chloroform extraction method, The PCR was done by using commercial thermal cycler machine with specific protocol. PCR products were sent for sequencing to Macro gene Europe Laboratory. Results 494 bp of MTHFR(C677T) and 174 bp of MTHFD (rs2236225) (G19581A) alleles were detected after PCR. The PCR result of MTHFR(C677T) shows; 40 (90%) forMTHFR (C677T) allele was positive in the cases and only12 (24 %) were positive for the control group. For MTHFD (G19581A) allele 42 (95%) were positive in the case group and 14 (28%) were positive in the control. When compared between case and control there was highly significant differences. The sequencing results for MTHFR C677; single Base Exchange was found C>T in the case groups, when used the mutation taster software the mutation was predicted. For MTHFD (G1958A) in the case group tow single Base Exchange were found T>A and G>A, the mutation taster software was predicted T>A mutation. Conclusion According to this result the MTHF polymorphisms might become one of the main causes of unexplained diagnosis women with recurrent spontaneous abortion
Akulturasi Budaya Pada Tradisi Buang-Buang di Desa Tempapan Kuala Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Etriadi
Published: February 2023

The area of West Kalimantan, Sambas Regency, still carries out ancestral rituals that have been acculturated to Islamic culture, namely the ritual of wasting. The purpose of this research is to find out the acculturation process of Islam and local culture in the wasting tradition in the people of Tempapan Kuala Village and to find out the forms of acculturation of Islam in the wasting tradition. The methods used in this study are as follows; Heuristics, Verification, Interpretation and Historiography. The results of the research show that: The Wasting Tradition aims to keep people away from the dangers sent down by God for the sins that have been committed by humans. The dangers are in the form of prolonged heat, failure of agricultural businesses, and the spread of disease outbreaks. The form of Islamic acculturation in the local culture in the tradition of wasting is in the form of Sirih kapur, at least three sheets with the same fins, complete with gambier or some peeled betel nuts, gental cigarettes, namely nipa leaf cigarettes with a charm and spells. Frankincense and incense (censer). Pendupa means a place for incense in the form of a flat made of pottery or copper with coals made of wood. Yellow sticky rice with one raw chicken egg served in a flat white glass plate. A knife or a piece of iron or a nail, as hardener.
Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete Kadın Hakları ve İngiliz Basınının Çağdaş Türk Kadını Algısı
Authors: YILMAZ Elçin
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmamızda öncelikli amacımız Mustafa Kemal Atatürk önderliğinde gerçekleştirilen devrimlerle Türk kadınının elde ettiği hakların İngiliz basını tarafından nasıl algılandığını örneklerle ortaya koymaktır. Bunu yaparken çalışmamızda doküman analiz tekniği kullanılarak Osmanlıdan cumhuriyete Türk kadının sosyal ve siyasal haklar bakımından geçirdiği aşamalar irdelenerek tarihsel perspektif içerisinde konu incelenmiştir. Doküman analizinde yararlandığımız kaynakların başında, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivlerindeki ilgili belgeler ve yayınlar, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Türk kadınları ile ilgili söylev ve demeçleri, İngiliz Basınında yer alan önemli gazete yazıları bulunmaktadır. Bunlara ek olarak çalışma konumuzla ilgili temel kitap ve makalelere yer verilmiştir.
2000 Yılı Öncesi Türki̇ye’deki̇ Dış Ti̇caret İşletmeleri̇ni̇n Fi̇nansal ve Muhasebe Sorunlarına Genel Bi̇r Bakış
Authors: Kahraman Tevhit
Published: February 2023

Teorik kısmı, Türkiye’deki üniversite kütüphanelerinden, Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Dokümantasyon Merkezinden, İhracatı Geliştirme Merkezi ve Eximbank gibi kuruluşların kütüphanelerinden ayrıca literatürdeki diğer bilgilerden faydalanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Teorik kısmından sonra, çalışmayla ilgili olarak, dış ticaret işletmelerinin uluslararası pazarlara açılmada karşılaştıkları finansal sorunlar ve muhasebe problemlerinin tespitine yönelik yapılan kapsamlı bir anket çalışması araştırma bölümünü oluşturmuştur. iv Üç bölümden oluşan bu çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, dış ticaret işletmeleri ve finansmanına ilişkin bazı temel kavramlar ve bilgilere yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde öncelikle, Türkiye’deki dış ticaret işletmelerinin genel sorunları üzerinde durularak bu sorunlardan finansman sorunu ve muhasebe problemleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Yapılan anket çalışması neticeleri tablolar haline dönüştürülüp toplanan bilgilerle ilgili analizler yapılmıştır. Bu çerçevede, finansal sorunların giderilmesinde uygulanan teknikler ele alınarak, dünya ekonomisinde gittikçe artan belirsizlikler ve fiyat dalgalanmaları günümüzde daha dikkatli bir malî yönetimi zorunlu hâle getirdiğinden, finansal sistemin gelişmesiyle ortaya çıkan malî risk yönetim tekniklerinden futures işlemleri ele alınarak, yeni finansal teknikler olarak isimlendirilen factoring, leasing, forfaiting, franchising, risk sermayesi, opsiyon ve swap işlemlerine ilişkin teknikler incelenmiştir. Daha sonra, işletmelerin finansman ihtiyacını gidermede devlet destekli teşvikler, Eximbank’ın destekleme programları, katma değer vergisi istinası ve ihracatın finansmanında kurumlar vergisi ile gelir vergisi kanununda tanınan imkânlar ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, Türkiye’de uygulanan Tekdüzen Muhasebe Sistemi ile ilgili çalışmalar ele alındıktan sonra Uluslararası Muhasebe Standardı ile Türkiye’deki Tekdüzen Muhasebe Sistemi karşılaştırılarak, muhasebeleştirmede anket yardımıyla da mevcut sorunlar tespit edilmiş, sorunların çözümü için önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Critical Discourse Analysis on Camila Cabello’s Song Lyric: “Havana”
Authors: Amanah Firma Pradesta
Published: February 2023

This research aimed to find out the text analysis, social cognition, and context in Camila Cabello's song lyrics of Havana. This research belonged to descriptive qualitative. It was intended to describe precisely a phenomenon that was analysed. In conducting the research, the researcher operated the padan-intralingual and padan-ekstralingual methods. The discussion showed that Things observed in text analysis are: 1. macrostructure: theme, 2. superstructure: discourse structure, 3. microstructure: sentence form and meaning. This song's general theme tells about the dilemma of a girl who had to choose between her loved one or her hometown, Havana. Amid this dilemma, she was compelled to decide her hometown over the person she loved. Then about social cognition, the songwriter composed the Havana song based on her life experience. Havana, her hometown, was assembled as the general theme of this song. In this song, she appears incapable of leaving Havana even though she has already discovered her love from East Atlanta, Jeffery. Additionally, this song has become popular worldwide because of its uniqueness. Camila intended to show everyone that she loved her hometown, although there was a man that captivated her heart.
An Examination of The Protagonist in Pidi Baiq's Novel Dilan: Dia Adalah Dilanku 1991
Authors: Suparni Suparni , Ratnaningsih Ratnaningsih
Published: February 2023

Novels are fictional stories that are created by human reflection on the environment and experiences. Within a novel, the author uses their aesthetic experience and creativity to arrange storylines and characters. Examining the characters within a contemporary novel can be intriguing as the main character may reflect the author's idealism and response to their own life. With this in mind, the researcher analyzes the novel "Dilan dia adalah Dilanku 1991" by Pidi Baiq, which has gained popularity among millennial youth. The novel follows the story of high school sweethearts, Dilan and Milea. The researcher focuses on the main characters, Dilan and Milea, and uses a descriptive qualitative method and content analysis to identify certain characteristics related to their characterizations. The study found that Dilan was a romantic, brave, stubborn yet intelligent male figure, while Milea was a loyal, loving, and firm woman.
Efficient Point-to-Point Resistance Distance Queries in Large Graphs
Authors: Gotsman Craig , Hormann Kai
Published: February 2023

We describe a method to efficiently compute point-to-point resistance distances in a graph, which are notoriously difficult to compute from the raw graph data. Our method is based on a relatively compact hierarchical data structure which ''compresses'' the resistance distance data present in a graph, constructed by a nested bisection of the graph using compact edge-cuts. Built and stored in a preprocessing step (which is amenable to massive parallel processing), efficient traversal of a small portion of this data structure supports efficient and exact answers to resistance distance queries. The size of the resulting data structure for a graph of $n$ vertices is $O(nk\log n)$, where $k$ is the size of a balanced edge-cut of the graph. Exact queries then require $O(k\log n)$ worst-case time and $O(k)$ average-case time. Approximate values may be obtained significantly faster by applying standard dimension reduction techniques to the ''coordinates'' stored in the structure.
Arrangements of orthogonal circles with many intersections
Authors: Carmesin Sarah , Schulz André
Published: February 2023

An arrangement of circles in which circles intersect only
in angles of $\pi/2$ is called an
arrangement of orthogonal circles. We show that in
the case that no two circles are nested, the intersection
graph of such an arrangement is planar. The same result holds
for arrangement of circles that intersect in an angle of at most $\pi/2$.

For the case where circles can be nested we prove that the maximal number of
edges in an intersection graph of an arrangement of orthogonal circles lies in between
$4n - O\left(\sqrt{n}\right)$ and $\left(4+\frac{5}{11}\right)n$, for
$n$ being the number of circles. Based on the lower bound we
can also improve the lower bound for the number of triangles in
arrangements of orthogonal circles to $(3 + \frac{5}{9})n-O\left(\sqrt{n}\right)$.
Simplifying Non-Simple Fan-Planar Drawings
Authors: Klemz Boris , Knorr Kristin , Reddy Meghana , Schröder Felix
Published: February 2023

A drawing of a graph is fan-planar if the edges intersecting a common edge $a$ share a vertex $A$ on the same side of $a$. More precisely, orienting $a$ arbitrarily and the other edges towards $A$ results in a consistent orientation of the crossings. So far, fan-planar drawings have only been considered in the context of simple drawings, where any two edges share at most one point, including endpoints. We show that every non-simple fan-planar drawing can be redrawn as a simple fan-planar drawing of the same graph while not introducing additional crossings.
The proof is constructive and corresponds to a quadratic time algorithm.
Combined with previous results on fan-planar drawings, this yields that $n$-vertex graphs having such a drawing can have at most $6.5n-20$ edges and that the recognition of such graphs is NP-hard.
We thereby answer an open problem posed by Kaufmann and Ueckerdt in 2014.
Cyfrowy pasażer i usługi Mobility as a Service a prawa pasażera i regulacje prawne aplikacji telemetrycznych na rynku kolejowym
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Jochymczyk Paweł , Wydmański Wojciech ,   Wydział Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Published: February 2023

This paper outlines the prospects for change in the passenger transport market for the provision of ICT tools for passenger information and ticket distribution in the context of EU legislation and digital transformation, including the development of the MaaS (Mobility as a Service) concept, as well as discusses the passenger rights and regulation of telemetric applications for passenger transport. The paper addresses future concepts for the development of ICT tools and requirements for the transfer of data between rail market actors.
Regulacyjne uwarunkowania zdalnego onboardingu klienta (AML)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Admi nistracji, Malinowska Lidia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this article is to present anti-money laundering (AML) regulatory objectives regarding remote customer onboarding carried out by financial market entities and current regulations consisting of both law provisions and regulators’ positions, which are the key from the perspective of the financial sector, including the FinTech industry. According to the author, the regulatory environment of AML creates both an opportunity and a challenge for the FinTech sector to develop new technological solutions. Research methods used in the article involve the analysis of EU and Polish regulations, including the proposed regulatory changes, by literal and purposive interpretation, as well as content analysis of publications of relevant national and EU authorities regarding AML remote onboarding.