bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Routine Use of an On-Table Extubation Protocol in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery—Our Experience With Life in the Fast Lane
Authors: Kaushik Jothinath , Vijayakumar Raju , Ramanath Pavithra , Babu Murugesan Karthik , Naveen Srinivasan , Maniyarasu Janarthanan , Nemergut Michael E. , Dearani Joseph
Published: February 2025

Background

We undertook this study to evaluate the efficacy of an on-table extubation protocol and to assess the magnitude of benefits when implemented as a routine practice in a developing country.

Methods

This prospective observational study at a single tertiary care referral hospital was designed to determine the efficacy of an on-table extubation protocol when applied to children undergoing cardiac surgery in the developing world. The study included 226 patients who were 1 month to 18 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery (including grown-up congenital heart disease [GUCHD] patients). Patients with RACHS score ≥ 4, neonates, preoperatively ventilated children, and emergency surgeries were excluded from the study. All pediatric elective cardiac surgical patients belonging to RACHS 1, 2, and 3 categories were considered as potential candidates for on-table extubation. Trial registration: Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2020/07/026567).

Results

Among the 226 children who underwent elective cardiac surgeries, we were able to extubate 142 patients (62.83%) in the operating room. This included 46.6% (54/116) infants, 80.8% (38/47) children less than 5 years of age, 79.3% (46/58) children between 5 years to 18 years age, and 80% (4/5) GUCHD. The duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital stay, and hospital cost were significantly less in the on-table extubation group (23 [20, 26] hours; 102 [97, 125] hours; INR 2,09,011 [181032, 244298]) as compared with those patients extubated in the ICU within 6 hours (28 [22, 46] hours; 122 [100, 168] hours; INR 2,25,430 [162203, 273831]) and beyond 6 hours (71 [45, 121] hours; 184 [127, 243] hours; INR 2,53,541 [226838, 306871]).

Conclusions

This protocol shows a significant reduction in ICU stay, hospital stay, and total hospital cost when compared with either extubation within 6 h in the ICU or delayed extubation (beyond 6 h) in patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery.
Electrospun Ethyl-p-Methoxycinnamate Loaded CS/PEG/PLA Nanofibers
Authors: Dinh Do Thi , Phuong Ngo Thi , Thuy Nguyen Thi Thu , Nhung Pham Thi , Hung Le Ngoc , Huyen Do Thi Thanh , An Nguyen Thai , Zidek Jan , Ha Le Minh
Published: February 2025

In this study, the characteristic properties and biological activities of the electrospun nanofibers made of polymers including chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polylactic acid (PLA) loaded with 15% of a natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC), were reported. The morphological and chemical characteristics of the fibers were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectra, respectively. The mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of the nanofibers were also investigated. Research on the release of the bioactive compound EPMC from the nanofibers in phosphate-buffered saline medium showed that about 70% of EPMC was released after 24 h. The significant anti-inflammatory effect of the nanofibers was evaluated via inhibition of nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide with an IC50 value of 41.05 ± 1.75 µg/mL. Besides, the nanofibers also exhibited anti-bacterial activity and were proved to be safe both in vitro and in vivo. The results suggested that the nanofibers CS/PEG/PLA loaded with ethyl p-methoxycinnamate may be a potential candidate for developing biomedical products related to inflammation.
Effects of Wind Speed and Clothing Wearing Method on Total Thermal Insulation of Down Jackets
Authors: Tian Miao , Zhang Jiayu , Wang Qi
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wind speed and wearing methods on cold protection performance. Three levels of wind speeds and two typical wearing methods were determined based on the winter meteorological data and a dress habits questionnaire, respectively. Thermal insulation values were measured using an instrumented manikin for three down jackets with the same amount of down content per square meter and different lengths. With wind blowing, a significantly decreased tendency of the total thermal insulations was observed ( p = 0.005). With an increase in wind speed, the total thermal insulation was more sensitive to the change of wind speed when the placket was opened. The longer the length of down jackets, the greater influence of wind speed upon thermal insulation values. A wind speed above 0.4 m·s−1 led to a reduced rate of total insulation ranging from 27% to 47%. Opening the placket resulted in a 10–26% decrease in the total thermal insulation. The thermal insulation values measured locally at different segments of the thermal manikin pointed to greater regional variations in the obtained insulation values, especially during exposures to greater wind speed.
Split Pectoralis Major Tendon Transfer With Achilles Allograft for Chronic Medial Scapular Winging
Authors: Groothoff Jonathan D. , Gwilt Matthew S. , Puckett Caleb D. , Fiegen Anthony P. , Waterman Brian R.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Split pectoralis major tendon (PMT) transfer is effective at treating persistent medial scapular winging refractory to conservative management.

Indications:

The primary indication for a PMT transfer is scapular winging secondary to serratus anterior palsy caused by long thoracic nerve injury. In this case, the patient is a 22-year-old male with years of symptoms that interfere with his activities of daily living and ability to play recreational basketball.

Technique Description:

The patient was placed in a semi-supine position. The deltopectoral interval was identified and dissected. The sternal head of the pectoralis major was isolated and tagged, and a tenotomy was then performed. An Achilles allograft was prepared in a sterile fashion and secured to the pectoralis tendon using multiple heavy nonabsorbable sutures. A scapular incision was made to identify the inferior angle of the scapula. A bone tunnel was created, and the allograft was shuttled through the aperture and tensioned into place.

Results:

Split PMT transfer is associated with improved pain scores and functional outcomes, while offering a lower complication rate than other surgical techniques. Patient satisfaction is high; 80% of patients would recommend the surgery. The patient in this case is now 16 weeks post-surgery and reports 0 out of 10 pain.

Discussion/Conclusion:

This technique study demonstrates that split PMT transfer with Achilles allograft augmentation is a viable treatment option for patients with persistent scapular winging.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Leiomyomatosis Confined to Cornu in a Bicornuate Uterus: A Rare Association
Authors: Thakur Shruti , Kaith Medha , Jhobta Anupam , Thakur Charu Smita
Published: February 2025

Uterine leiomyoma is a common benign pathology usually affecting women of reproductive age. Despite the prevalence and its impact on global health care system, the exact etiopathogenesis remains unclear. Uterine anomalies are congenital malformations caused by fusion or resorption defects of Müllerian ducts during embryogenesis. The case provided is a 52-year-old woman who presented with abdominal distention and postmenopausal bleeding. She was diagnosed with bicornuate uterus, along with leiomyomatosis confined to one cornu only, a rare and interesting association. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy that confirmed the imaging diagnosis. On histopathological examination, uterine leiomyomatosis with myxoid degeneration was revealed. Leiomyomatosis in the presence of uterine anomalies is a diagnostic challenge because of its rarity. However, with the availability of three-dimensional (3D), four-dimensional (4D) sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging, an accurate diagnosis can be reached, and successful treatment provided.
Understanding the implementation process of the Adult Day Services Plus program
Authors: Cotton Quinton D. , Bailey Dionne , Albers Elle , Ingvalson Steph , Bloomquist Emily , Marx Katie , Anderson Keith , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , Parker Lauren , Gitlin Laura N. , Gaugler Joseph E.
Published: February 2025

Background

Among the available evidence-based interventions targeting dementia family caregivers, there is limited evidence on implementation processes that produce desired outcomes (i.e., reductions in depression and burden) for caregivers, people living with dementia (PLWD), and community-based programs themselves. In a national multi-site hybrid effectiveness trial, we investigated the implementation success and challenges of embedding an evidence-based intervention (ADS Plus) targeting dementia family caregivers whose PLWD was enrolled in an adult day service (ADS).

Methods

Informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we conducted a directed qualitative content analysis to understand caregiver (n = 15) and staff (n = 14) perceptions of facilitators of and potential barriers to implementation of ADS Plus in nine ADS programs to guide future dissemination efforts.

Results

Results demonstrated that successful delivery of ADS Plus was achieved through intervention adaptability, personalization, and structure (innovation); responsiveness of ADS Plus to external changes and intervention marketability (outer domain); presence of aligned goals and familiarity (inner setting); involvement of research staff, connections among practitioners, and meeting caregiver needs (individual domain); and understanding caregivers’ needs and addressing staff capacity to take action (implementation process). This adaptability reassures us of the potential to implement ADS Plus in heterogeneous programmatic settings.

Conclusion

Globally, our results demonstrate that ADS Plus offers a viable community-based solution for supporting dementia family caregivers with high implementation potential for diverse ADS settings.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02927821 (Registration Date 10/7/2016).
Guiding AI in radiology: ESR’s recommendations for effective implementation of the European AI Act
Authors: Kotter Elmar , D’Antonoli Tugba Akinci , Cuocolo Renato , Hierath Monika , Huisman Merel , Klontzas Michail E. , Martí-Bonmatí Luis , May Matthias Stefan , Neri Emanuele , Nikolaou Konstantin , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Radzina Maija , Shelmerdine Susan Cheng , Bellemo Arianna ,   European Society of Radiology (ESR)
Published: February 2025

This statement has been produced within the European Society of Radiology AI Working Group and identifies the key policies of the EU AI Act as they pertain to medical imaging. It offers specific recommendations to policymakers and the professional community for the effective implementation of the legislation, addressing potential gaps and uncertainties. Key areas include AI literacy, classification rules for high-risk AI systems, data governance, transparency, human oversight, quality management, deployer obligations, regulatory sandboxes, post-market monitoring, information sharing, and market surveillance. By proposing actionable solutions, the statement highlights ESR’s readiness in supporting appropriate application of the AI Act in the field, promoting clarity and the effective integration of AI technologies to ensure their impactful and safe use for the benefit of Europe’s patients.

Critical relevance statement

With the impending arrival of the EU AI Act, it is critical for stakeholders to provide timely input on its key areas. This statement offers expert feedback on the aspects of the EU AI Act that will affect medical imaging.

Key Points

The AI Act will significantly impact the field of medical imaging, shaping how AI technologies are used and regulated.

The ESR is committed to develop guidelines and best practices, collaborating on the implementation process.

This statement offers expert feedback on the aspects of the framework that will affect medical imaging.

Graphical Abstract
Random and cyclic projection algorithms for strongly pseudomonotone variational inequalities
Authors: Wang Wanyu , Ma Beibei
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we propose a random and cyclic projection algorithm for solving variational inequality problems with special structure where the underlying mapping is strongly pseudomonotone and L-Lipschitz continuous and the constraint set is the intersection of a large number of simple closed convex sets. Compared with some existing incremental constraint projection algorithms, the proposed algorithm has two notable advantages: Its global convergence can be guaranteed under the assumption that F is strongly pseudomonotone, not strongly monotone or monotone plus; It just computes one projection onto a halfspace rather than two or more times projections onto the full or single constraint set at each iteration. Computational experiments are also reported to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Distinct response to IL-1β blockade in liver- and lung-specific metastasis mouse models of pancreatic cancer with heterogeneous tumor microenvironments
Authors: Chen Sophia Y. , Kung Heng-Chung , Espinoza Birginia , Washington India , Chen Kai , Mu Kaiyi , Zlomke Haley , Loycano Michael , Wang Rulin , Burns William R. , Fu Juan , Zheng Lei
Published: February 2025

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). The mechanism by which this heterogeneity confers resistance against immunotherapy remains unclear. Interleukin- 1β (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine that regulates heterogeneous cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype and promotes an immunosuppressive TME. Anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-1 in a preclinical model of PDAC. However, clinical trials have shown limited activity of the anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 combination. Therefore, we hypothesize that anti-tumor immune response to the combination of anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 antibodies is context-dependent and would be affected by the TME heterogeneity in PDAC.

Methods

Liver- and lung-specific metastasis mouse models of PDAC were used to investigate the antitumor activity of anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 antibodies alone or in combination by ultrasound examination and survival analysis. Their effects on the TME heterogeneity were assessed by flow cytometry and single nuclear RNA sequencing.

Results

The combination of anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 antibodies does not slow primary tumor growth but prolongs overall survival and reduces lung metastasis rates in a PDAC orthotopic murine model with lung metastasis tropism. In contrast, combination therapy slows primary tumor growth and prolongs survival, but does not reduce liver metastasis rates in a PDAC murine orthotopic model with liver metastasis tropism. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the combination of anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 antibodies restores T cell activation negated by the monotherapies. Mechanistically, in the PDAC model with lung metastasis tropism, but not in the model with liver metastasis tropism, combination treatment reverses an increased trend of immunosuppressive myeloid cells as a result of monotherapy. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing analysis of both organ-specific tumor models demonstrated that anti-IL-1β treatment altered infiltration and function of CAF and immune cells differently. Furthermore, anti-IL-1β treatment modulated cytokine/chemokine ligand-receptor-receptor interactions in the models with different organ-specific metastasis distinctly.

Conclusion

This study reveals the differential responses of organ-specific metastasis mouse models of PDAC with distinct TMEs to anti-IL-1β and anti-PD-1 treatments, suggesting that treatment response is context-dependent and affected by TME heterogeneity.
Changes in Physical Performance Following Operational Military Training: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Murray Andy , Fraser John J. , Bazett-Jones David M. , Norte Grant E.
Published: February 2025

Background

To best simulate armed combat-related emergencies, military personnel undergo operational training that attempts to recreate multiple physical stressors. Understanding the specific aspects of physical performance degradation after operational training helps to better inform future training practices, as these declines translate to real-world operations. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of operational trainings on physical performance metrics in military personnel.

Methods

Six electronic databases were searched for studies that investigated physical performance metrics in active-duty military personnel before and after multiple-day operational training. Sample sizes, means and standard deviations were extracted from included studies, and random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using standardized mean differences (Hedge’s g) with 95% confidence intervals (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

Seventeen studies (N = 1592 participants) were included for final review and grouped by physical performance metric. Meta-analyses revealed a large pre-to-post decline in lower body jump power (n = 4, g = 0.87, 95% CI [0.28, 1.47]), and small declines in short-duration lower body power-jump distance (n = 5, g = 0.39, 95% CI [0.16, 0.63]), upper body endurance (n = 4, g = 0.40, 95% CI [0.09, 0.71]), and core endurance (n = 2, g = 0.46, 95% CI [0.10, 0.82]). Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the included studies (I

2
 = 0–91%).

Conclusions

Military operational training temporarily diminishes lower body performance to a greater extent than other constructs. The most consistent findings showed reductions in power production (large magnitude) and muscular endurance (small magnitude), which appear to have implications for military training and risk reduction. In real-world operational applications, reduced power- and endurance-generating capabilities may be detrimental to meeting tactical requirements, making these metrics valuable for military leadership to focus on during personnel training.
Entre el remedio y el veneno: dimensiones bioéticas del consumo de sustancias
Authors: Pinto-Bustamante Boris Julián , Gómez Córdoba Ana Isabel
Published: February 2025

Esta obra aglutina los temas analizados en la noción de ciudadanía entendida como un proceso social que permite la emergencia de subjetividades e identidades morales y políticas articuladas en torno a la afirmación de libertades y derechos fundamentales, así como a los deberes necesarios para la vida en comunidad. Ciudadanías articuladas alrededor de las necesidades comunes en salud, prácticas en investigación, reivindicaciones de derechos y necesidades vitales o de posibilidades técnicas de mejoramiento y optimización. Biociudadanías, como lo plantea el filósofo Nikolas Rose.

El libro aborda temas como los derechos de las personas que viven con VIH, salud intercultural, derechos de las personas con trastornos mentales, discapacidad y trastornos por consumo de sustancias, bioética en investigación, reconocimiento de los vivientes no humanos y dimensiones bioéticas de las neurotecnologías, inteligencia artificial (IA) y robótica. Esperamos que este recorrido amplíe el horizonte moral de nuestros lectores y fomente nuevas discusiones en cuanto a las prácticas del reconocimiento de otras formas de vida y otras formas de ser y permanecer en la vida.
Angle-Engineered Bi0.94La0.06CuSeO Thin Films for High-Performance Transverse Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Chen Mingjing , Chenming Yue , Qin Tianchang , Wang Shufang , Fang Lide
Published: February 2025

BiCuSeO has emerged as a highly promising material for transverse thermoelectric (TTE) applications, with its performance significantly enhanced through La doping. In this study, we investigate the effect of inclination angle effect on the TTE performance of inclined Bi0.94La0.06CuSeO thin films fabricated using pulsed laser deposition technique. A record-high output voltage of 31.4 V was achieved in 10° inclined Bi0.94La0.06CuSeO film under 308 nm ultraviolet pulsed laser irradiation. Furthermore, the films exhibited significant voltage signals with excellent linearity when exposed to continuous-wave lasers across a broad spectral range (360 nm to 10600 nm) and point-like heat sources. A fundamental relationship was established, revealing that the voltage is directly proportional to sin2θ, where θ is the film inclination angle. These findings not only provide a clear optimization strategy for TTE performance through inclination angle engineering but also highlight the material’s strong potential for industrial applications, owing to its cost-effectiveness and fabrication reliability. The comprehensive understanding of the inclination angle effect presented in this work opens new avenues for the development of high-performance TTE devices, particularly for advanced optical and thermal sensing applications.
Influence of road environmental factors on traffic accidents involving vulnerable road users through negative binomial models
Authors: Chen Ying , Tian Yi , Ouyang Zhaoheng , Zhu Jiaxun
Published: February 2025

Ensuring pedestrian safety is crucial for establishing fair and sustainable transportation systems. However, certain demographics face disproportionately higher risks, necessitating age-appropriate policy and design strategies. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between objectively measured road infrastructure attributes and pedestrian accident frequencies involving vulnerable groups in Hunan Province, China. By leveraging detailed historical crash records linked to spatially-explicit infrastructure data, the research team employed advanced count regression modeling techniques, including negative binomial (NB) and zero truncated tail negative binomial (ZTNB) specifications, to systematically evaluate the safety impacts of roadway functional classification, intersection design, traffic controls, alignment geometry, pedestrian segregation, land use context, and traffic volumes. The results revealed that the ZTNB approach, which accounted for the excess zero observations inherent to the crash data, provided statistically superior model fit compared to the standard NB formulation. The ZTNB estimation results offered robust empirical evidence regarding key infrastructure risk factors, highlighting that while higher-order roadways exhibited lower pedestrian accident likelihoods, elements such as multi-leg intersections, lack of traffic controls, curved alignments, and absence of segregated facilities correlated with elevated hazards. Older adults and children are particularly susceptible to accidents on major highways and are more prone to traffic incidents on regular roads as opposed to specialized areas like tunnels and intersections. Importantly, the analysis revealed varying safety impacts among different user groups, underscoring the significance of considering the unique requirements and vulnerabilities of diverse pedestrian populations in transportation planning and design. Overall, the findings offer robust empirical evidence to guide development of tailored interventions that consider the unique capacities and exposures of different pedestrian populations. The age-segmented analyses also contribute transportation equity insights for achieving Vision Zero goals through inclusive infrastructure design.
Contributos da Formação para a Redução do Risco
Authors: Amaro António Duarte
Published: February 2025

Emergindo como área vital na salvaguarda coletiva, o socorro e a proteção civil carecem de qualificação de profissionais e tomadores de decisão de alto nível, na gestão de emergências cada vez mais complexas e desafiadoras. Neste sentido, a formação designadamente a formação superior e a investigação constituem fatores fundamentais não só, de desenvolvimento pessoal, sendo também determinantes para a evolução permanente e aprendizagem organizacional contínua, com impacto direto na adaptação e atualização do socorro, condizente com a complexidade da emergência dos novos riscos e ameaças.

Neste livro, apresenta-se uma visão estratégica da importância da formação superior específica no âmbito dos bombeiros e proteção civil, suprindo, assim, uma lacuna do conhecimento estratégico nesta área crucial da segurança nacional.
Em o "Contributo da Formação para a Redução dos Riscos" defende-se a ideia de que os desafios da gestão das emergências complexas que as sociedades modernas enfrentam pressupõe uma estratégia de qualificação técnica e profissional de nível superior, elegendo-se a Escola Nacional de Bombeiros como eventual estrutura pedagógica preferencial, para tal desígnio nacional.
A hallgatói jelentkezési számok mögött meghúzódó indokok vizsgálata a felsőoktatási szolgáltatásminőség tükrében
Authors: Kéri Anita , Berki Boglárka
Published: February 2025

A felsőoktatás napjainkban számos kihívással szembesül, amelyek közül az egyik legjelentősebb a hallgatói létszám változása a különböző képzési területeken. A vizsgált egyetemen a szakirányú továbbképzésekre jelentkezők száma emelkedett, míg a mesterképzések iránti érdeklődés csökkent a COVID-19-et követő időszakban. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy kimondottan a szolgáltatásminőség dimenziók vizsgálatán keresztül tárja fel a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Karán a szakirányú továbbképzések iránti megnövekedett érdeklődés és a mesterképzések alacsonyabb jelentkezési száma mögött meghúzódó okokat. Kvalitatív fókuszcsoportos megkérdezések alapján, valamint a SERVQUAL-módszer alkalmazásával kérdőíves felmérést végeztek a szerzők. Az eredmények arra utalnak, hogy a szakirányú továbbképzések iránti érdeklődés főként a konkrét munkaerőpiaci igényekhez kapcsolódik, míg a mesterképzések esetében inkább a látókör szélesítése és a tudásbővítés a fő motiváció. Mindkét csoport esetében magasabbak voltak az elvárások az észlelt szolgáltatásminőségnél, ami számos fejlesztési javaslatot vet fel az egyetemi kar számára.
Rodinná politika ve vztahu k Evropské unii
Authors: Munková Gabriela
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the comparison of a wide range of family policy in different European countries from the point of view of their development and current status. It illustrates how difficult it is to set up criteria for such comparison, and refers to some attempts to develop “models” of family policy in Europe, using the example of Jean-Claude Barber’s concept. Barbiers sees various family policies in Europe as pans of a spectrum ranging from countries implementing the most positive approach towards the family policy (Germany, France, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg) to those on the other edge – Britain and Ireland. Spain, Portugal and Italy have developed specific “southern” models of family policy. The author notes that recently there has been insufficient convergence in the field of family policy in Europe, and, although many recommendations have been produced by the Council of Europe, no substantial change in this approach can be expected in the nearest future. European situation is compared with the development and recent achievements in family policy in the Czech Republic. Based on international sociological research data, an attempt has been made to interpret the resources of contrasting apprehension of the role of State in family policy between the member states of the EU on the one side and former socialist countries on the other.
Euroobčan a jeho práva
Authors: Pomahač Richard
Published: February 2025

Citizenship of the Union, which supplements national citizenship without replacing it, is made up of a set of rights and duties that add to those that are already attached to the citizenship of a Member State. Most recent expositions of citizenship have focused on the evolution of legal rights and duties. Nevertheless, the allocation of citizenship between various political communities is a theoretical question arising within supranational generation. The evolution of this concept during the last 30 years is tackled in the first and second part of the present paper. Observed from another point of view, the status of a citizen in European law is discussed in connection with acquis du Conseil de lʼEurope, and especially with the new European Convention on Nationality. While the former 1963 Convention dealt only with multiple nationality, 1997 Convention deals with all major aspects related to nationality: principles, acquisition, retention, loss, recovery, procedural rights, multiple nationality, nationality in the context of State succession, military obligations and cooperation between the States Parties. Final two parts of current article consider the problem of eurocitizenship as an integral part of the reformation of European constitutionalism. In comparison with citizenship of a State, citizenship of the Union is characterised by rights and duties and involvement in political life. It is designed to strengthen the ties between citizens and Europe by promoting the development of a European public opinion and a European political identity. On the other band, the main areas of interest to citizens who wish to move within the Community involve access to employment, tax and financial status as well as social rights and family status. These questions were appraised by Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union and by main lines of action, such as the new approach to the exercise of the right of residence, the clarification of the status of those members of the family of a citizen of the Union who are nationals of a third country and restrictions regarding the possibility of impeding the exercise of the right of free movement.
A causa perdida: relações entre memória e história na formação da identidade sulista na Geórgia
Authors: Dalenogare Neto Waldemar
Published: February 2025

Este artigo visa abordar sobre a Causa Perdida, movimento intelectual iniciado no sul dos Estados Unidos para preservar a memória do lado derrotado na Guerra de Secessão Americana (1861-1865). Parte integrante da construção da identidade do Southern way of life moderno, os defensores da Causa pregam por um culto aos generais confederados e propõem diferentes versões para a análise do conflito que matou mais de meio milhão de pessoas.
Cor, moradia e trabalho: A Distribuição Espacial e Laboral da População Negra em Porto Alegre no Final do Século XIX.
Authors: Flores Giane Caroline
Published: February 2025

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma investigação sobre a população negra no pós-abolição, enfocando temas como saúde, trabalho, moradia e família. No Centro Histórico-Cultural Santa Casa (Porto Alegre) encontramos amplo acervo de documentos ali preservados e, destes, selecionamos os livros de Registro de Pacientes e de Porta, nos quais eram anotadas as informações/registros dos indivíduos que ali buscavam atendimento. Mesmo após 1889, a cor continua aparecendo nestes registros, certamente por ser um item importante ao diagnóstico, segundo o pensamento médico da época.
Classification Model of Public Sentiments About Electric Cars Using Machine Learning
Authors: Romadoni Nurul , Siregar Amril Mutoi , Kusumaningrum Dwi Sulistya , Rohana Tatang
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This research compared the accuracy level of six algorithms based on the ROC method and the Confusion Matrix evaluation on data regarding public sentiments towards electric cars.
Methods: Data collection was conducted for data sourced from TikTok. Next, the data underwent text preprocessing (data cleaning and case folding) and text processing (stemming, tokenizing, stopword removal, word frequency, word relation, TF-IDF, scoring, and labeling). Modeling was then conducted using supervised (labeled) algorithms consisting of the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, K-Neighbor, and Logistic Regression. Finally, an evaluation was conducted (confusion matrix and ROC).
Result: The results revealed that the Decision Tree algorithm with the Confusion Matrix and ROC evaluation obtained the highest result of 87%. The algorithm with the lowest result is KNN, which has an accuracy of 56%. The classification result for the neutral sentiment has a percentage of 57.1%, followed by negative sentiment at 26.8% and positive sentiment at 16.1%. The KNN algorithm is suitable for large and low-dimensional data, SVM is suitable for data with many features and clear separation between classes, and Naive Bayes is efficient for large datasets with many low-quality features. Additionally, the Random Forest algorithm could overcome overfitting and unbalanced data. Logistic regression is also suitable for linear data without assuming a certain distribution. The Decision Tree algorithm is good for complex data as it provides a visual explanation of predictions. In this study, the Decision Tree algorithm obtained high results because it has the best characteristics and is a linear technique.
Novelty: This study found that based on the ROC method and the Confusion Matrix evaluation conducted, the Decision Tree algorithm is more accurate than the other algorithms studied.
Comparative Analysis of YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 Cigarette Detection in Social Media Content
Authors: Cinantya Paramita  , Catur Supriyanto  , Amalia  , Khalivio Rahmyanto Putra
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Addresses the pressing public health concern of tobacco product portrayal on social media, which significantly influences the younger demographic by glamorizing smoking culture. The purpose is to compare the capabilities of YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 models in detecting and censoring cigarette-related imagery on social media platforms, aiming to reduce exposure among children and teenagers.
Methods: Employing a dataset of 2,188 images collected from Twitter, this research undertook a comprehensive methodology involving data preprocessing, YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 model training, and rigorous evaluation. The study utilized mean Average Precision (mAP) and F1-Score metrics to evaluate the performance of YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 models, focusing on their precision, recall, and efficacy in detecting cigarette and cigarette pack objects.
Result: The analysis highlighted YOLOv8's superiority, with a marginally higher mAP value of 0.933 compared to YOLOv5's 0.919, alongside enhanced precision and recall rates. This result underscores YOLOv8's advanced object detection capabilities, owing to its architectural innovations and anchor-free detection system. Additionally, the study confirmed the absence of significant overfitting or underfitting issues, indicating robust learning processes of the models.
Novelty: Innovates in digital public health by using YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 models to automatically censor tobacco-related content on social media, effectively reducing youth exposure to such imagery. YOLOv8, in particular, exhibits marginally superior detection capabilities. The evaluation results surpass those of previous research on cigarette and cigarette burning detection, underscoring the study's significant contribution to future research and public health initiatives.
Multi-Layer Convolutional Neural Networks for Batik Image Classification
Authors: Sinaga Daurat , Jatmoko Cahaya , Suprayogi Suprayogi , Hedriyanto Novi
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to enhance the classification of batik motifs through the implementation of a novel approach utilizing Multi-Layer Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Batik, a traditional Indonesian textile art form, boasts intricate motifs reflecting rich cultural heritage. However, the diverse designs often pose challenges in accurate classification. Leveraging advancements in deep learning, this research proposes a methodological framework employing Multi-Layer CNN to improve classification accuracy.
Methods: The methodology integrates Multi-Layer CNN architecture with an image dataset comprising various batik motifs, meticulously collected and preprocessed for uniformity. The CNN architecture incorporates convolutional layers of different sizes (3x3, 5x5, and 7x7) to extract unique features from batik images. Training options, including the Adam optimizer and validation frequency, are optimized based on parameters to enhance model efficiency and effectiveness.
Result: Results from the experimentation demonstrate significant improvements in classification accuracy, with an overall accuracy rate of 90.88%. Notably, precision and recall scores for individual batik motifs, such as Motif Cual Bangka and Motif Rumah Adat Belitung, reached remarkable levels, showcasing the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Novelty: This study contributes novelty through the integration of Multi-Layer CNN in batik classification, offering a robust and efficient method for identifying intricate batik motifs. Additionally, the research presents a pioneering application of deep learning techniques in preserving and promoting traditional cultural heritage, thereby bridging the gap between tradition and modern technology.
ОБ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И НЕВООБРАЗИМОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МАТЕМАТИКИ
Authors: РЕЗНИКОВ В.М.
Published: February 2025

Известно утверждение нобелевского лауреата Юджина Вигнера о том, что инвариантность законов в современной физике является гипотетической причиной эффективного применения математики в этой области знания. Он полагал, что адекватность современной математики для описания физического знания имеет статус эмпирического закона эпистемологии. В данной статье с помощью анализа работ в области искусственного интеллекта получено подтверждение гипотезы Вигнера. В качестве примера приводятся работы Дж. Перла, одного из основателей теории базовых концепций искусственного интеллекта, в которых демонстрируется эффективное применение математики для исследования инвариантных закономерностей в информатике, описываемых с помощью причинных отношений

There is a widely known statement of Nobel laureate Eugene Wigner that the invariant character of laws in modern physics is a hypothetical cause of the effective application of mathematics in this field of knowledge. He believed that the adequacy of contemporary mathematics for describing physical knowledge has the status of an empirical law of epistemology. In this article, by analyzing works in the field of artificial intelligence, the author confirmed Wigner’s hypothesis. As an example, the works of Pearl, one of the founders of the theory of artificial intelligence, are mentioned, which demonstrate the effective application of mathematics to the study of invariant regularities in computer science described using causal relationships
МЕТАФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ЕСТЕСТВОЗНАНИЯ КЭРОЛ КЛИЛЕНД
Authors: МИРОНОВ В.А.
Published: February 2025

В статье производится философско-методологический анализ концепции исторического естествознания американской исследовательницы К. Клиленд. По ее мнению, естественные исторические гипотезы, т.е. гипотезы о прошлом природы, могут быть эмпирически доказаны или опровергнуты, однако характер таких эмпирических доказательств имеет существенные отличия от повторяемых экспериментальных верификаций или фальсификаций. Для прояснения своей позиции Клиленд использует понятие «асимметрия сверхдетерминации». Метафизический смысл понятия асимметрии сверхдетерминации в рассмотренной концепции заключается в том, что события в природе развиваются из одного «корня» в направлении постоянного разветвления. В свою очередь, эпистемологический смысл этого понятия выражается в том, что опираясь на метафизические представления о временной асимметрии природы, историки-естественники должны искать общую причину событий через обнаружение оставленных «веских улик» - «дымящихся пистолетов», т.е. свидетельств, которые позволят сделать однозначный выбор между конкурирующими гипотезами.

The article provides a philosophical and methodological analysis of the concept of historical natural science by the American researcher C. Cleland. In her view, natural historical hypotheses, i.e. hypotheses about the past of nature, can be empirically proven or refuted, but the character of such empirical evidence differs significantly from repeated experimental verifications or falsifications. To clarify her position, Cleland uses the notion of “asymmetry of overdetermination”. The metaphysical meaning of the “asymmetry of overdetermination” in the discussed concept is that events in nature develop from one “root” towards constant branching. In turn, the epistemological meaning of this notion is expressed in the fact that, relying on metaphysical ideas about the temporal asymmetry of nature, natural historians should search for a common cause of events through finding “strong evidence” left behind - “smoking guns”, i.e. evidence that will allow a clear choice to be made between competing hypotheses
Strong laws of large numbers for lightly trimmed sums of generalized Oppenheim expansions
Authors: Giuliano Rita , Hadjikyriakou Milto
Published: February 2025

In the framework of generalized Oppenheim expansions, almost sure convergence results for lightly trimmed sums are proven. First, a particular class of expansions is identified for which a convergence result is proven assuming that only the largest summand is deleted from the sum; this result generalizes a strong law recently proven for the Lüroth digits and also covers some new cases that have never been studied before. Next, any assumptions concerning the structure of the Oppenheim expansions are dropped and a result concerning trimmed sums is proven when at least two summands are trimmed; combining this latter theorem with the asymptotic behavior of the r-th maximum term of the expansion, a convergence result is obtained for the case in which only the largest summand is deleted from the sum.
Evaluation of Finished Models of the Orthodontics Postgraduate Course at the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon According to Phase III of the American Board of Orthodontics
Authors: HHH Torre-Martinez , DL Tijerina , PN Menchaca-Flores , RJ Carrillo-González , M del Carmen Theriot Giron , JC Gonzalez Cabrera , JA Mendoza Tijerina
Published: February 2025

Aim: Compare the quality of the completion of the cases through dental models attended by the residents of the Orthodontics postgraduate of
Universidad Autonoma of Nuevo Leon.
The residents did not know the criteria measured by the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) in its phase III and the residents who did understand
these criteria, in addition to knowing if the residents met a minimum of 4 criteria.
Materials and Methods: Dental models from the Orthodontics postgraduate archive were used; 98 models in total were analyzed and divided into
two groups. Group 1 consisted of residents who did not know the criteria that would be measured, of which 49 models were taken. The other, group
2 did know the requirements; another 49 models were taken. They were evaluated by the same examiner using a millimeter caliper authorized
by the American Board of Orthodontics, seven of the eight criteria reviewed by the ABO were examined; these were alignment, marginal ridges,
buccolingual inclination, occlusal relationship, occlusal contacts, overjet, and contacts interproximal. A comparison between groups was performed
using the Mann-Whitney test, and the result was p=0.05.
Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups. However, the criterion with the lowest negative score or the least failed
was interproximal contacts, followed by occlusal contact, marginal ridges, occlusal relationship, overjet, alignment, and buccolingual inclination.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the residents completed the cases the same way whether or not they knew the criteria required by the Board.
The Potential of Paradiplomacy as a Counter-terrorism Strategy in Cabo Delgado
Authors: Mathebula Ndzalama , Moremi Hope
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses and proposes paradiplomacy and community engagement as instruments of stabilising Cabo Delgado. The paper contributes to the literature on the integration of paradiplomacy and community engagement in Africa’s counterterrorism approaches. The study employed a qualitative explorative approach, which relied mainly on documentary sources of data in the form of existing literature, previous research outputs and media reports. The main argument is that counter-terrorism efforts in Africa have embodied a top-down approach that has achieved only little results and no sustainable peace. Thus, employing a paradiplomatic approach and engaging with the community holds significant prospects for addressing the factors that inflame terrorist-related conflict and promoting sustainable peace in the province of Cabo Delgado. In addition, the study reveals that, apart from corruption and low political participation, the key internal factors driving the Cabo Delgado conflict are the socio-economic injustices resulting from poor governance, neglect by the government, internal displacement and loss of livelihoods due to commercial mining activities. As a result, a people-centred approach is necessary to address these socio-economic challenges and thereby promote peace in the region.
MYKOLA BILOZERSKYI AND HIS "TARAS HRYGORYEVYCH SHEVCHENKO ACCORDING TO THE MEMORIES OF DIFFERENT PERSONS (1831–1861)": WHERE MEMORIES END AND FOLKLORE BEGINS
Authors:   Institute of Biographical Research, V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shalak Oksana
Published: February 2025

B a c k g r o u n d . Creating a source base for reconstruction of biography is one of the most urgent problems of biography. Little is known about the folklorist Mykola Bilozerskyi, the history of the study of his activities, which began with the obituary, includes the names of A. Krymskyi, B. Kyrdan, and N. Barabash, whose works only outline the main directions of research. The article by M. Bilozersky "Taras Grigoryevich Shevchenko according to the memoirs of various persons (1831–1861)" belongs to the undeservedly left on the margins of Shevchenko studies. The goal is to study the memories of Shevchenko as a kind of folklore material important for specialists.
M e t h o d s . There are fundamental scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as historical methods that are based on historicism and objectivity and allow the interpretation of biographical principles. That allows us to highlight the most important at recollection expressed by M. Bilozersky, to create folk ideas about the figure of T. Shevchenko, recorded in folklore.
R e s u l t s . Thanks to the analysis, it was found that among the memoirs of Vasyl Tarnovskyi (senior), Viktor Zabyla, Oleksiy Senchyl-Stefanovskyi, Andrii Lyzogub, and Mykhailo Lazarevskyi, M. Bilozerskyi published tales, legends, and folklore stories of an anecdotal nature, which are of great importance for folkloristics. These plots, on the one hand, are a continuation of the tradition of sacralization of the hero, and on the other, they are an interpretation of the figure in a social and everyday and ironic way. Samples are marked not only by signs of orality, collective creation, but also have variants, which are defining features of folklore. Some contain characteristic folklore concepts that add traditionality to the narratives.
C o n c l u s i o n s . M. Bilozerskyi worked using folkloristic methods: he directed the narration with questions, focused the narrator's attention on the essential. Recording memories of T. Shevchenko, the folklorist was able to recreate a kind of folk poetic "semantic field" in which Shevchenko's genius was formed. To this day, his records have weight as one of the first publications of folklore about T. Shevchenko.