bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sero‐epidemiology investigation of Coxiella burnetii in domestic ruminants throughout most Greek regions
Authors: Vourvidis Dimitrios , Kyrma Anna , Linou Maria , Edouard Sophie , Angelakis Emmanouil
Published: August 2020

Q fever is not considered as a public health problem in Greece where most regions are considered as Coxiella burnetii free possibly because of the low interest for this agent. Our objective was to conduct a large‐scale study to investigate the sero‐epidemiology of C. burnetii in domestic ruminants throughout the most of Greek regions. We tested serum samples obtained from goats, sheep and bovines from different regions of Greece. All sera were tested for C. burnetii IgG antibodies by a commercial ELISA according to the manufacturer's recommendations. We tested 1,173 goats and sheep obtained from 177 different herds and totally 194 (17%) animals from 78 (44%) herds were positive for C. burnetii. Positive animals were present in seven (88%) different regions and seropositivity varied widely among these regions. The highest percentage was observed in Peloponnese (44%), where all the tested herds presented animals with C. burnetii antibodies. Ιn all Aegean Islands except the island of Limnos we detected goats and sheep positive for C. burnetii with seroposivity varying between 2% in Kos to 37% in Rhodes. Finally, in 22 (85%) Greek prefectures we found C. burnetii IgG‐positive animals whereas in 14 (54%) prefectures more than 50% of tested herds had seropositive animals. We also tested 28 cows from five different herds in Macedonia and Aegean Islands and six (21%) of them, obtained from two (40%) herds were positive. Considering the importance of C. burnetii for public health, our data reflect the lack of awareness by veterinarians, physicians and competent authorities as we provide evidence of C. burnetii seropositivity in productive animals throughout the most of Greek territories. Due to the increased risk of inhalation of the bacterium by people who entered the affected farms we raise the question of Q fever emergence in Greece.
Cover Image
Authors: Quemener Anaïs M. , Bachelot Laura , Forestier Anne , Donnou‐Fournet Emmanuelle , Gilot David , Galibert Marie‐Dominique
Published: August 2020

The cover image is based on the Advanced Review The powerful world of ASOs: from bench to bedside by Anaïs M. Quemener et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1594.

image
Properties in Reactive Structure Materials: ZrW2 and HfW2 – High Melting Temperatures, Densities, Hardness, and Exothermic Ignition Energies
Authors: Evers Jürgen , Huber Stefan , Oehlinger Gilbert , Klapötke Thomas M.
Published: August 2020

ZrW2 and HfW2 were prepared by melting the constituent elements in an arc‐furnace. By cooling through perictectic phase lines above approximately 2000 °C, samples of the nominal 1:2 composition were obtained as products consisting of two phases, of which approximately 95 % adopts the MgCu2 type structure and 5 % the W structure. In ZrW2 and in HfW2, the MgCu2 type structure enables efficient topological compact spacefilling of the smaller W atoms into the cavities of the three‐dimensional net constructed by the larger tetravalent metals Zr and Hf. Correspondingly, very dense and hard alloys are obtained which burn at a crash in air in a strong exothermic ignition reaction. These materials are non‐toxic.
Evaluation der Mikrozirkulation bei kritisch kranken Patienten
Authors: Wollborn J. , Jung C. , Göbel U. , Bruno R. R.
Published: August 2020

Für die Aufrechterhaltung der Organdurchblutung ist eine intakte Makro- und Mikrozirkulation essentiell. Sowohl das wachsende Verständnis um die Bedeutung der Mikrozirkulation im Organversagen als auch die Möglichkeit, diese zu visualisieren, lenken die Aufmerksamkeit der Intensivmedizin auf die mikrovaskuläre Endstrombahn. Als Surrogat-Parameter sind die Rekapillarisierungszeit, der „mottling score“ und die Messung des Serum-Laktats bereits lange in der klinischen Praxis etabliert. Neuere Studien messen der Echtzeit-Darstellung der sublingualen Mikrozirkulation mittels Intravital-Videomikroskopie eine immer größere Bedeutung bei. Verschiedene Studien unterstreichen hierbei die Mikrozirkulation als prognostischen Parameter. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die Erhebung von objektivierbaren Messwerten, diese in der Zukunft zur individuellen Therapiesteuerung weitergehend zu untersuchen.
On the Gibbons’ conjecture for equations involving the p-Laplacian
Authors: Esposito Francesco , Farina Alberto , Montoro Luigi , Sciunzi Berardino
Published: August 2020

In this paper we prove the validity of Gibbons’ conjecture for the quasilinear elliptic equation $$ -\Delta _p u = f(u) $$

-

Δ
p

u
=
f

(
u
)

on $$\mathbb {R}^N.$$

R

N

.

The result holds true for $$(2N+2)/(N+2)< p < 2$$

(
2
N
+
2
)
/
(
N
+
2
)
<
p
<
2

and for a very general class of nonlinearity f.
The pregnancy microbiome and preterm birth
Authors: Bayar Erna , Bennett Phillip R. , Chan Denise , Sykes Lynne , MacIntyre David A.
Published: August 2020

Preterm birth is a global health concern and continues to contribute to substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality despite advances in obstetric and neonatal care. The underlying aetiology is multi-factorial and remains incompletely understood. In this review, the complex interplay between the vaginal microbiome in pregnancy and its association with preterm birth is discussed in depth. Advances in the study of bacteriology and an improved understanding of the human microbiome have seen an improved awareness of the vaginal microbiota in both health and in disease.
A virtual element formulation for general element shapes
Authors: Wriggers P. , Hudobivnik B. , Aldakheel F.
Published: August 2020

The virtual element method is a lively field of research, in which considerable progress has been made during the last decade and applied to many problems in physics and engineering. The method allows ansatz function of arbitrary polynomial degree. However, one of the prerequisite of the formulation is that the element edges have to bestraight. In the literature there are several new formulations that introduce curved element edges. These virtual elements allow for specific geometrical forms of the course of the curve at the edges. In this contribution a new methodology is proposed that allows to use general mappings for virtual elements which can model arbitrary geometries.
Vocal and non-vocal behavior interact differently in territorial strategies of two sympatric Rallidae species
Authors: Jedlikowski Jan , Polak Marcin , Brambilla Mattia , Ręk Paweł
Published: August 2020

Territorial interactions between animals involve correlated signaling and direct actions, yet different species vary in how they utilize each component. In theory, opponents should balance costs and benefits of territorial interactions, and restrict their conflicts to signaling when physical interactions are likely to escalate to serious injuries. We tested these predictions by simulating territorial intrusions in two sympatric non-passerine bird species: the Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus) and Little Crake (Zapornia parva). These species differ physically and behaviorally, with the former being larger and more aggressive, and known to cause serious or fatal injury to other birds. We measured vocal signals and approach behavior of each species towards conspecific and heterospecific playbacks (Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis). Both species increased their calling rate in response to their conspecific treatments; however, Water Rails produced louder call variants, decreased the fundamental frequency of their calls, and produced more duets. In contrast, Little Crakes did not modify the acoustic structure of their calls and rarely participated in duetting. In addition to differences in vocal behavior, Water Rails approached the speaker exceptionally, whereas Little Crakes did it regularly. We conclude that while settling territorial conflicts, Water Rails utilized a purely signaling strategy involving reliable vocal signals and thus the avoidance of direct actions, whereas Little Crakes relied primarily on direct actions.
Breeding habitats and long-term population numbers of two sympatric raptors—Red Kite Milvus milvus and Black Kite M. migrans— in the mosaic-like landscape of western Poland
Authors: Maciorowski Grzegorz , Zduniak Piotr , Bocheński Marcin , Urbańska Maria , Król Paulina , Polakowski Michał
Published: August 2020

We studied the long-term changes in numbers and habitat structures of two sympatric species—Red KiteMilvus milvus(RK) and Black KiteMilvus migrans(BK)—in two study plots (a mosaic of various habitats and intensive farmland) in western Poland. This research, carried out in two periods (1996–2001 and 2012–2017), did not reveal any significant changes in numbers, or the parameters of breeding success or habitat structure in the territories of either species. The numbers of RK territories in plot A (mosaic of habitats) in the 2 periods were 35 (density: 3.65 pairs/100 km2) and 38 (3.97 p/100 km2), whereas the respective figures for BK were 39 (4.07 p/100 km2) and 41 (4.28 p/100 km2). Breeding success was 77.4/67.5% (RK) and 63.9/74.6% (BK). On study plot B (intensive farmland), the number of RK territories in both periods were ten (1.35 p/100 km2) and eight (1.08 p/100 km2), while the figures for BK were three (0.41 p/100 km2) and five (0.68 p/100 km2), respectively. The breeding success of RK in the two periods was 87.5%/78.6%, respectively; in the case of BK this Figures (100%) is known only for the second period. The absence of any changes in population numbers for both species and the high levels of breeding success were probably due to the nest sites and mature woods being subject to conservation measures implemented by the Polish State Forests Administration, as well as lack of major changes to the habitat structures.
Melissus as an Analytic Metaphysicist
Authors: Fano Vincenzo , Graziani Pierluigi , Marcacci Flavia , Tagliaferri Mirko
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the logical structure of Melissus philosophy, building on Laks Most’s translation and Barnes’ seminal work on the Samian. This will allow us to shed some light on the subtle argumentations of Melissus. On top of that, we frame Melissus’ metaphysics employing modern logical instruments. On one side, this reformulation makes clear a few assumptions hidden in the deductions made by the Samian; on the other side, our paper shows that contemporary analytic metaphysics has forerunners dating back 2500 years.
Forecasting Spatio-Temporal Variation in Residential Burglary with the Integrated Laplace Approximation Framework: Effects of Crime Generators, Street Networks, and Prior Crimes
Authors: Mahfoud Maria , Bernasco Wim , Bhulai Sandjai , van der Mei Rob
Published: August 2020

Objectives

We investigate the spatio-temporal variation of monthly residential burglary frequencies across neighborhoods as a function of crime generators, street network features and temporally and spatially lagged burglary frequencies. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the model as a forecasting tool.

Methods

We analyze 48 months of police-recorded residential burglaries across 20 neighborhoods in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in combination with data on the locations of urban facilities (crime generators), frequencies of other crime types, and street network data. We apply the Integrated Laplace Approximation method, a Bayesian forecasting framework that is less computationally demanding than prior frameworks.

Results

The local number of retail stores, the number of street robberies perpetrated and theclosenessof the local street network are positively related to residential burglary. Inclusion of a general spatio-temporal interaction component significantly improves forecasting performance, but inclusion of spatialproximityor temporalrecencycomponents does not.

Discussion

Our findings on crime generators and street network characteristics support evidence in the literature on environmental correlates of burglary. The significance of spatio-temporal interaction indicates that residential burglary is spatio-temporally concentrated. Our finding thatrecencyandproximityof prior burglaries do not contribute to the performance of the forecast, probably indicates that relevant spatio-temporal interaction is limited to fine-grained spatial and temporal units of analysis, such as days and street blocks.
Graded epistemic justification
Authors: Hawthorne John , Logins Artūrs
Published: August 2020

The adjective ‘is justified’ has all the hallmarks of a gradable adjective. But the relationship between gradable uses and straightforward predications of the form ‘x is justified’ has been underexplored by epistemologists. In this paper we undertake to do some ground clearing as a prelude to better understanding this relationship.
Stochastic frontiers or regression quantiles for estimating the self-thinning surface in higher dimensions?
Authors: Tian Dechao , Bi Huiquan , Jin Xingji , Li Fengri
Published: August 2020

Stochastic frontier analysis and quantile regression are the two econometric approaches that have been commonly adopted in the determination of the self-thinning boundary line or surface in two and higher dimensions since their introduction to the field some 20 years ago. However, the rational for using one method over the other has, in most cases, not been clearly explained perhaps due to a lack of adequate appreciation of differences between the two approaches for delineating the self-thinning surface. Without an adequate understanding of such differences, the most informative analysis may become a missed opportunity, leading to an inefficient use of data, weak statistical inferences and a failure to gain greater insight into the dynamics of plant populations and forest stands that would otherwise be obtained. Using data from 170 plot measurements in even-agedLarix olgensis(A. Henry) plantations across a wide range of site qualities and with different abundances of woody weeds, i.e. naturally regenerated non-crop species, in northeast China, this study compared the two methods in determining the self-thinning surface across eight sample sizes from 30 to 170 with an even interval of 20 observations and also over a range of quantiles through repeated random sampling and estimation. Across all sample sizes and over the quantile range of 0.90 ≤ τ ≤ 0.99, the normal-half normal stochastic frontier estimation proved to be superior to quantile regression in statistical efficiency. Its parameter estimates had lower degrees of variability and correspondingly narrower confidence intervals. This greater efficiency would naturally be conducive to making statistical inferences. The estimated self-thinning surface using all 170 observations enveloped about 96.5% of the data points, a degree of envelopment equivalent to a regression quantile estimation with aτof 0.965. The stochastic frontier estimation was also more objective because it did not involve the subjective selection of a particular value ofτfor the favoured self-thinning surface from several mutually intersecting surfaces as in quantile regression. However, quantile regression could still provide a valuable complement to stochastic frontier analysis in the estimation of the self-thinning surface as it allows the examination of the impact of variables other than stand density on different quantiles of stand biomass.
Project-based learning of advanced CAD/CAE tools in engineering education
Authors: Berselli Giovanni , Bilancia Pietro , Luzi Luca
Published: August 2020

The use of integrated Computer Aided Design/Engineering (CAD/CAE) software capable of analyzing mechanical devices in a single parametric environment is becoming an industrial standard. Potential advantages over traditional enduring multi-software design routines can be outlined into time/cost reduction and easier modeling procedures. To meet industrial requirements, the engineering education is constantly revising the courses programs to include the training of modern advanced virtual prototyping technologies. Within this scenario, the present work describes the CAD/CAE project-based learning (PjBL) activity developed at the University of Genova as a part of course named Design of Automatic Machines, taught at the second level degree in mechanical engineering. The PjBL activity provides a detailed overview of an integrated design environment (i.e. PTC Creo). The students, divided into small work groups, interactively gain experience with the tool via the solution of an industrial design problem, provided by an engineer from industry. The considered case study consists of an automatic pushing device implemented in a commercial machine. Starting from a sub-optimal solution, the students, supervised by the lecturers, solve a series of sequential design steps involving both motion and structural analysis. The paper describes each design phase and summarizes the numerical outputs. At last, the results of the PjBL activity are presented and commented by considering the opinions of all the parties involved.
1H, 13C, and 15N backbone chemical shift assignments of the apo and the ADP-ribose bound forms of the macrodomain of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3b
Authors: Cantini F. , Banci L. , Altincekic N. , Bains J. K. , Dhamotharan K. , Fuks C. , Fürtig B. , Gande S. L. , Hargittay B. , Hengesbach M. , Hutchison M. T. , Korn S. M. , Kubatova N. , Kutz F. , Linhard V. , Löhr F. , Meiser N. , Pyper D. J. , Qureshi N. S. , Richter C. , Saxena K. , Schlundt A. , Schwalbe H. , Sreeramulu S. , Tants J.-N. , Wacker A. , Weigand J. E. , Wöhnert J. , Tsika A. C. , Fourkiotis N. K. , Spyroulias G. A.
Published: August 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes for approximately 30 proteins. Within the international project COVID19-NMR, we distribute the spectroscopic analysis of the viral proteins and RNA. Here, we report NMR chemical shift assignments for the protein Nsp3b, a domain of Nsp3. The 217-kDa large Nsp3 protein contains multiple structurally independent, yet functionally related domains including the viral papain-like protease and Nsp3b, a macrodomain (MD). In general, the MDs of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were suggested to play a key role in viral replication by modulating the immune response of the host. The MDs are structurally conserved. They most likely remove ADP-ribose, a common posttranslational modification, from protein side chains. This de-ADP ribosylating function has potentially evolved to protect the virus from the anti-viral ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), which in turn are triggered by pathogen-associated sensing of the host immune system. This renders the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3b a highly relevant drug target in the viral replication process. We here report the near-complete NMR backbone resonance assignment (1H, 13C, 15N) of the putative Nsp3b MD in its apo form and in complex with ADP-ribose. Furthermore, we derive the secondary structure of Nsp3b in solution. In addition, 15N-relaxation data suggest an ordered, rigid core of the MD structure. These data will provide a basis for NMR investigations targeted at obtaining small-molecule inhibitors interfering with the catalytic activity of Nsp3b.
A national strategy to engage medical students in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery medical education: the LearnENT ambassador program
Authors: Levin Marc , Grose Elysia , Best Corliss , Kohlert Scott
Published: August 2020

Background In the realm of medical education, student-led ambassador programs represent an innovative approach to increase awareness about medical education resources. LearnENT is an internationally recognized otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) smartphone app and website designed for medical trainees to learn about OHNS. However, upon the initial launch of the app, there was a lack of medical student awareness and engagement.

Approach In this article, we highlight the process and lessons learned from developing an ambassador program to increase the national presence and uptake of LearnENT. Medical students from across Canada were recruited and trained to promote the app at their respective institutions.

Evaluation Ambassadors hosted events and spearheaded initiatives around the country with the goal of showcasing LearnENT. Furthermore, ambassadors were engaged in scholarly initiatives such as creating educational content for LearnENT and giving presentations at national conferences.

Reflections Critical factors in the success of a student-led ambassador program include ensuring widespread dissemination of the program, establishing clear expectations for ambassadors, equipping ambassadors with standardized promotional material, and promoting collaboration to collectively work towards addressing challenges. When creating a national student-led group such as an ambassador program, outreach to senior stakeholders can be an effective way to involve students at different institutions, provide mentorship opportunities for students and provide opportunities for educational scholarship. With new medical education innovations constantly surfacing, the LearnENT ambassador program model can be applied in other contexts to increase awareness of medical education resources.
Does probiotic supplementation aid weight loss? A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study with Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA02 supplementation
Authors: Czajeczny Dominik , Kabzińska Karolina , Wójciak Rafał Wojciech
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Probiotic supplements are gaining popularity worldwide. This trend is especially present in females, and a common motivation for consumption is weight loss, no matter the BMI. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on weight loss in healthy, young adult females and to put claims made by manufacturers of such products to the test.

Methods

The study utilizes a randomized, single-blind, placebo-control design. 53 females aged 19–33 were enrolled, and 38 completed the trial. A 6 week supplementation with Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA02 or placebo was conducted. Anthropometric measures (body mass, BMI, body fat percentage, arm skinfold fat, waist circumference, and WHR) were applied pre and post-treatment.

Results

No significant changes in anthropometric measures were observed in both supplementation and placebo groups.

Conclusion

The results of this investigation do not support claims made by probiotic products manufacturers, that they aid weight loss. Our results seem to support an argument that weight loss is mostly associated with food habits and dietary behaviors, not probiotic intake. It is possible that probiotic supplementation may play a facilitating weight loss but has no effect without dietary intervention. Another possible explanation is that due to strain specificity—bacteria strains used in this study are not effective for weight loss.

Level of evidence

I: randomized controlled trial.
Can the Severity of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy be Predicted by Second Trimester Screening Test Parameters?
Authors: Celik Samettin , Sahin Banuhan , Soyer-Calıskan Canan , Celik Handan , Hatirnaz Safak
Published: August 2020

Objective The second trimester triple test although declared inadequate for the screening of aneuploidies by the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis remains a widely employed test. We aim to investigate the associations between the biochemical parameters of the triple test and the severity of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).

Material and Methods The triple test parameters of 102 healthy pregnant women and 100 pregnant women with ICP were evaluated retrospectively. Serum bile acid level of ≥ 40 μmol/L was categorized as severe ICP. Serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), and unconjugated estriol (uE3) multiple of the median (MoM) values and the perinatal outcomes were recorded. The Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to compare the data.

Results The AFP, β-hCG, and uE3 MoM values were higher in the severe ICP group when compared to those with mild ICP and those without ICP (p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity values for ICP were 80.95% and 73.42%, respectively, with AFP values ≥ 1.26 MoM, 76.19% and 88.61%, respectively, with β-hCG values ≥ 1.78 MoM, and 61.90% and 94.94%, respectively, with uE3 values ≥ 1.58 MoM [95% confidence interval; area under the curve (AUC) ± standard error (SE) = 0.810 ± 0.049, AUC ± SE: 0.790 ± 0.065, and AUC ± SE: 0.797 ± 0.065, respectively].

Conclusion An increase in the AFP, β-hCG, and uE3 MoM values in the triple test can predict the risk of developing severe ICP.
Optical nanoscopy
Authors: Diaspro A. , Bianchini P.
Published: August 2020

This article deals with the developments of optical microscopy towards nanoscopy. Basic concepts of the methods implemented to obtain spatial super-resolution are described, along with concepts related to the study of biological systems at the molecular level. Fluorescence as a mechanism of contrast and spatial resolution will be the starting point to developing a multi-messenger optical microscope tunable down to the nanoscale in living systems. Moreover, the integration of optical nanoscopy with scanning probe microscopy and the charming possibility of using artificial intelligence approaches will be shortly outlined.
Room-Temperature Gas Sensors Under Photoactivation: From Metal Oxides to 2D Materials
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Liu Xianghong , Zhang Jun , Kumar Mahesh
Published: August 2020

Room-temperature gas sensors have aroused great attention in current gas sensor technology because of deemed demand of cheap, low power consumption and portable sensors for rapidly growing Internet of things applications. As an important approach, light illumination has been exploited for room-temperature operation with improving gas sensor’s attributes including sensitivity, speed and selectivity. This review provides an overview of the utilization of photoactivated nanomaterials in gas sensing field. First, recent advances in gas sensing of some exciting different nanostructures and hybrids of metal oxide semiconductors under light illumination are highlighted. Later, excellent gas sensing performance of emerging two-dimensional materials-based sensors under light illumination is discussed in details with proposed gas sensing mechanism. Originated impressive features from the interaction of photons with sensing materials are elucidated in the context of modulating sensing characteristics. Finally, the review concludes with key and constructive insights into current and future perspectives in the light-activated nanomaterials for optoelectronic gas sensor applications.
Forensic Investigation of Google Assistant
Authors: Akinbi Alex , Berry Thomas
Published: August 2020

Google Nest devices have seen a rise in demand especially with Google’s huge advantage in search engine results and a complex ecosystem that consists of a range of companion devices and compatible mobile applications integrated and interacting with its virtual assistant, Google Assistant. This study undertakes the forensics extraction and analysis of client-centric and cloud-native data remnants left behind on Android smartphones by the Google Home and Google Assistant apps used to control a Google Nest device. We identified the main database and file system storage location central to the Google Assistant ecosystem. From our analysis, we show forensic artifacts of interest associated with user account information, the chronology and copies of past voice conversations exchanged, and record of deleted data. The findings from this study describe forensic artifacts that could assist forensic investigators and can facilitate a criminal investigation.
The Effectiveness of Guilt and Shame Appeals on Health Communications: The Moderating Role of Self-construal and Personal Cultural Orientation
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Sinh , Laufer Daniel , Jayne Krisjanous
Published: August 2020

This study examines the moderating effects of self-construal and personal cultural orientation on the relationships between guilt and shame appeals and health message compliance. Binge drinking is chosen as the health issue for this study and a between-subjects experiment ( n = 301) was conducted to test the model. The study makes several contributions to the literature of communications using guilt and shame appeals by exploring conditions under which such appeals are more effective. The main effect of self-construal on guilt/shame arousals was found, but no interactive effect with referencing or sources of evaluation. The effect of personal cultural orientation, which has been under-researched in the guilt and shame emotions, on message compliance supported an interactive effect with emotion type. Novelly, the methodological value of this research is in the study of response/emotional arousal from the stimulus, not the stimulus/appeal itself.
Clinical Outcomes of Periprocedural Antithrombotic Therapy in Ischemic Priapism Management
Authors: Ramstein Joris J. , Lee Austin , Cohen Andrew J. , Mmonu Nnenaya A. , Rios Natalie , Enriquez Anthony , Shindel Alan W. , Lue Tom F. , Breyer Benjamin N.
Published: August 2020

Background

Priapism is a urologic emergency consisting of a painful erection lasting greater than 4 hours; antithrombotic therapy (ATT) have recently been recommended as an adjunct in the treatment of ischemic priapism.

Aim

To determine the short- and long-term outcomes of periprocedural ATT in the management of acute ischemic priapism.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients seen at the University of California, San Francisco, from 2008 to 2019 was carried out to identify those evaluated for acute priapism. Information regarding duration of priapism, etiology, treatment, periprocedural and postprocedural ATT type and dose, and follow-up data was collected.

Outcomes

ATT use was the exposure of interest; outcome variables included priapism resolution, repeat episodes, long-term complications, and follow-up.

Results

70 patients with at least 1 detailed record of an acute priapism episode between 2008 and 2019 were identified. Of the 70 patients who underwent management for an acute episode of priapism, 59 (84%) received intracavernous injection of phenylephrine with or without corporal aspiration. Of the 4 patients who received ATT at the same time as intracavernous injection, none had additional priapism episodes. In the 55 patients who did not receive immediate ATT, 22 (40%) required at least 1 shunting procedure. The 9 patients who received ATT concurrently with shunting experienced less recurrence than the 13 patients who did not receive ATT (11% vs 69%, respectively P = .012). There were no significant differences in long-term erectile dysfunction (P = .627), fibrosis (P = .118), genitourinary pain (P = .474), and urinary issues (P = .158) between those who received ATT and those who did not.

Clinical Implications

Our findings suggest that ATT has a role in preventing priapism recurrence; we observed that long-term repeat priapism episodes are less frequent in those who received periprocedural ATT compared with those who did not and that ATT may especially reduce recurrence in cases when shunting was required

Strengths & Limitations

This is the first study looking at the clinical outcomes of periprocedural ATT in the management of ischemic priapism. It is limited by the fact that it is a single-center study, types of ATT were heterogenous, and the exact timing of priapism management could not be measured for everyone.

Conclusion

In spite of its limitations, these preliminary findings are promising and warrant further exploration of the use of ATT in the management of ischemic priapism.
Poverty is the problem – not parents: so tell me, child protection worker, how can you help?
Authors: Bennett Kylie , Booth Andrew , Gair Susan , Kibet Rose , Thorpe Ros
Published: August 2020

Families who attract the attention of child protection services most often have ongoing lived experiences of poverty, gender-based domestic and family violence, problematic substance use and, sometimes, formally diagnosed mental health conditions. Without broader contextual knowledge and understanding, particularly regarding ongoing poverty, decision-making by child protection workers often leads to the removal of children, while the family’s material poverty and experiences of violence remain unaddressed. Case studies are a common tool to succinctly capture complex contexts. In this article, we make explicit, through case examples and analysis, how poverty is almost always the backdrop to the presence of worrying risk factors before and during child protection intervention. Further, we expose the existential poverty that parents live with after they lose their children into care and which invariably exacerbates material poverty. In the final section, we consider the multi-faceted organisational poverty that blights the work environment of child protection workers, and we suggest strategies for improved practice with families living in poverty.
Insufficient dietary choline aggravates disease severity in a mouse model of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis
Authors: Ju Tingting , Kennelly John P. , Jacobs René L. , Willing Benjamin P.
Published: August 2020

Dietary choline, which is converted to phosphatidylcholine (PC) in intestinal enterocytes, may benefit inflammatory bowel disease patients who typically have reduced intestinal choline and PC. The present study investigated the effect of dietary choline supplementation on colitis severity and intestinal mucosal homoeostasis using a Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis model. C57BL/6J mice were fed three isoenergetic diets differing in choline level: choline-deficient (CD), choline-sufficient (CS) and choline-excess (CE) for 3 weeks prior to infection with C. rodentium. The effect of dietary choline levels on the gut microbiota was also characterised in the absence of infection using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. At 7 d following infection, the levels of C. rodentium in CD mice were significantly greater than that in CS or CE groups (P < 0·05). CD mice exhibited greater damage to the surface epithelium and goblet cell loss than the CS or CE mice, which was consistent with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in the colon. In addition, CD group exhibited decreased concentrations of PC in the colon after C. rodentium infection, although the decrease was not observed in the absence of challenge. Select genera, including Allobaculum and Turicibacter, were enriched in response to dietary choline deficiency; however, there was minimal impact on the total bacterial abundance or the overall structure of the gut microbiota. Our results suggest that insufficient dietary choline intake aggravates the severity of colitis and demonstrates an essential role of choline in maintaining intestinal homoeostasis.
The Epistle of James as a reception of Paul: Rehabilitating an epistle of straw
Authors: Eurell John-Christian
Published: August 2020

The Epistle of James is one of the most overlooked texts in the New Testament. This is partially due to Luther's judgement of the epistle as anti-Pauline. This article suggests that James should rather be seen as an early reception of Paul that brings new insight into the Pauline legacy of the late first century. James also helps us understand more about the theological issues of its day.
PERCEIVING THINGS IN THEMSELVES: ABŪ L-BARAKĀT AL-BAĠDĀDĪ’S CRITIQUE OF REPRESENTATIONALISM
Authors: Benevich Fedor
Published: August 2020

What are the proper objects of perception? Two famous responses to this question hold that they are either the images of extramental objects, that is, the way in which they appear to us (representationalism), or they are the objects themselves (direct realism). In this paper, I present an analysis of this issue by Abū l-Barakāt al-Baġdādī (d. 1164/65), a post-Avicennian scholar whose impact on the history of Islamic philosophy has been largely neglected. Abū l-Barakāt argued against the traditional Aristotelian-Avicennian epistemological dualism, which distinguishes between the sense-perception of material particulars and the conception of immaterial universals in terms of the perceiver  and/or  the  structure  of  perception.  In  Abū  l-Barakāt's  own  theory, all epistemic acts have the unified structure of direct relation between one and the same perceiver (immaterial soul) and the objects themselves – both material and immaterial. His main thesis is that having corporeal organs is not necessary for sense-perception. In the final section of the paper, I show that Abū l-Barakāt's critique of the Aristotelian-Avicennian tradition was received as a breakthrough in epistemology. It may have also determined the epistemological theories of two of the most important post-Avicennian Islamic philosophers: Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210) and Šihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī (d. 1191).
Many disjoint triangles in co-triangle-free graphs
Authors: Tyomkyn Mykhaylo
Published: August 2020

We prove that any n-vertex graph whose complement is triangle-free contains n2/12 – o(n2) edge-disjoint triangles. This is tight for the disjoint union of two cliques of order n/2. We also prove a corresponding stability theorem, that all large graphs attaining the above bound are close to being bipartite. Our results answer a question of Alon and Linial, and make progress on a conjecture of Erdős.
Hybrid perventricular muscular ventricular septal defect closure using the new multi-functional occluder
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Gaudin Régis , Bonnet Damien , Malekzadeh-Milani Sophie
Published: August 2020

The hybrid perventricular approach for the closure of trabecular ventricular septal defects is an attractive treatment modality for small children. Worldwide experience has shown that procedure success is influenced by the defect anatomical accessibility, operators’ expertise, and device technical features. In May 2018, a new promising device, the KONAR-Multi-functional™ ventricular septal defect occluder (Lifetech, Shenzhen, China), obtained CE-marking for septal defect transcatheter closure after the first-in-man implantation in 2013. Herein, this is the first report of successful perventricular closure of ventricular septal defect using this new device in a child with significant co-morbidities.
A review of the effects of tobacco smoking on the treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Nuru Faiza , Osei Ernest , Kassim Rahil
Published: August 2020

Background:

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the third leading cause of death among Canadian men. The standard treatment modalities for prostate cancer include prostatectomy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy or any combination depending on the stage of the tumour. However, several studies have reported that tobacco smoking at the time of diagnosis and during treatment can potentially impact treatment efficacy, outcome and patients quality of life after treatment.

Materials and methods:

This narrative literature review elucidates the impacts of tobacco smoking on prostate cancer progression, treatment efficacy, including its effects on prostatectomy, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, risk of cancer recurrence and mortality and quality of life after treatment. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of integrating a smoking cessation programme into the treatment regimen for prostate cancer patients in order to yield more favourable treatment outcomes, reduce risk of recurrence and mortality and increase the quality of life after treatment for prostate cancer patients.

Conclusions:

Smoking cessation is one of the most important interventions to prevent cancer and it is also essential after the diagnosis of prostate cancer to improve clinical outcomes. All prostate cancer patients should be advised to quit tobacco use since it can potentially improve treatment response rates and survival, as well as reduce the risk of developing treatment complications and potentially improve the quality of life after treatment. There are several benefits to smoking cessation and it should become an important component of the cancer care continuum in all oncology programmes, starting from prevention of cancer through diagnosis, treatment, survivorship and palliative care. Evidence-based smoking cessation intervention should be sustainably integrated into any comprehensive cancer programme, and the information should be targeted to the specific benefits of cessation in cancer patients.
News Coverage of Child Care during COVID-19: Where Are Women and Gender?
Authors: Wallace Rebecca , Goodyear-Grant Elizabeth
Published: August 2020

Research has long observed the absence of gender in child care policy, media, and elections. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has invoked critical questions about child care and its importance to states’ economic recoveries around the world. In this research note, we analyze news coverage of child care in major Canadian daily newspapers to explore whether and how news narratives regarding child care are shifting in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, are we seeing a focus on women and gender in child care coverage amid the compounding pressures that women face in the current social and economic climate? The results of our analysis suggest that the pandemic has not shifted the conversation on child care and that current coverage principally reflects long-standing trends in child care framing. We find that gender remains systematically written out of coverage of child care, occluded by a larger focus on health-, economic-, and accessibility-related concerns about child care services.
Vitamin D3 supplementation improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: Results from an Italian clinical trial
Authors: Derosa Giuseppe , D’Angelo Angela , Martinotti Chiara , Valentino Maria Chiara , Di Matteo Sergio , Bruno Giacomo M. , Maffioli Pamela
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Background: to evaluate the effects of Vitamin D3 on glyco-metabolic control in type 2 diabetic patients with Vitamin D deficiency. Methods: one hundred and seventeen patients were randomized to placebo and 122 patients to Vitamin D3. We evaluated anthropometric parameters, glyco-metabolic control, and parathormone (PTH) value at baseline, after 3, and 6 months. Results: a significant reduction of fasting, and post-prandial glucose was recorded in Vitamin D3 group after 6 months. A significant HbA1c decrease was observed in Vitamin D3 (from 7.6% or 60 mmol/mol to 7.1% or 54 mmol) at 6 months compared to baseline, and to placebo (p < 0.05 for both). At the end of the study period, we noticed a change in the amount in doses of oral or subcutaneous hypoglycemic agents and insulin, respectively. The use of metformin, acarbose, and pioglitazone was significantly lower (p = 0.037, p = 0.048, and p = 0.042, respectively) than at the beginning of the study in the Vitamin D3 therapy group. The units of Lispro, Aspart, and Glargine insulin were lower in the Vitamin D3 group at the end of the study (p = 0.031, p = 0.037, and p = 0.035, respectively) than in the placebo group. Conclusions: in type 2 diabetic patients with Vitamin D deficiency, the restoration of value in the Vitamin D standard has led not only to an improvement in the glyco-metabolic compensation, but also to a reduced posology of some oral hypoglycemic agents and some types of insulin used.
Denkanregungen
Authors: Michalik Kerstin
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Der Beitrag untersucht Potentiale des Philosophierens mit Kindern im Kontext von Inklusion. Methode: Auf einer theoretisch-konzeptionellen Ebene werden Merkmale und Besonderheiten des Philosophierens mit Kindern im Hinblick auf Möglichkeiten zur Förderung von Kindern in inklusiven Lernsettings herausgearbeitet. Das Philosophieren mit Kindern, so lautet die zentrale These, trägt zur Partizipation und Förderung aller Kinder bei, weil die philosophische Forschungsgemeinschaft einerseits besondere kognitive Anregungen und Herausforderungen bietet und andererseits einen leistungs- und bewertungsfreien Raum gegenseitiger Wertschätzung und Anerkennung darstellt, der insbesondere für Kinder mit Förderbedarfen und Problemen in der sozialen Interaktion spezielle Partizipationschancen bietet. Ergebnisse: Auf der Grundlage einer Vielfalt sowohl quantitativer als auch qualitativer internationaler empirischer Befunde werden Wirkungen philosophischer Gespräche für das Lehren und Lernen in inklusiven Lerngruppen konkretisiert, die zeigen, dass das Philosophieren nicht nur als ein Förderinstrument für Kinder mit unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen und Begabungen geeignet ist, sondern gleichzeitig auch bei den Lehrkräften zu einer Erweiterung der Wahrnehmungs- und Diagnosemöglichkeiten und der professionellen Reflexionsfähigkeiten beitragen kann. Diskussion und Ausblick: Das Gespräch in der philosophischen Forschungsgemeinschaft vermag Kinder darin zu unterstützen, ihre kognitiven, meta-kognitiven, sozialen und emotionalen Fähigkeiten zu entwickeln und es trägt auch zu einem tieferen inhaltsbezogenen Verständnis bei als herkömmliche, stärker auf das individuelle Lernen der Kinder bezogenen Unterrichtsformen bei. Für eine „Schule der Vielfalt“ bedarf es auch vielfältiger Veränderungen im herkömmlichen Schulsystem.
Bifurcated Crustal Channel Flow and Seismogenic Structures of Intraplate Earthquakes in Western Yunnan, China as Revealed by Three‐Dimensional Magnetotelluric Imaging
Authors: Ye Tao , Chen Xiaobin , Huang Qinghua , Zhao Li , Zhang Yong , Uyeshima Makoto
Published: August 2020

Based on broadband magnetotelluric data collected in western Yunnan, we obtain a three‐dimensional crustal resistivity model, which reveals seismogenic structures of Yingjiang and Longling earthquakes. Our model suggests a bifurcation of the crustal flow in western Yunnan, with a southwestern branch running into the Tengchong Block north of the Dayingjiang Fault and a southeastern branch flowing into the Baoshan Block. The Yingjiang region features an upper and midcrustal resistive body above 20‐km depth, surrounded by conductors in the midcrust. Six moderate earthquakes in Yingjiang occurred in the transition zone between the resistive and conductive structures. These earthquakes occurred in the context of a right‐lateral accommodation zone between the Nabang and Binglangjiang Faults and in the presence of the southwestern branch of the crustal flow, which provides a mechanical decoupling under the rigid high‐resistive upper crust. Beneath the Longling area, a high‐resistive structure extends through the entire crust, but a zone of low resistivity is embedded in the depth range of 10–25 km where the 1976 M7.3 earthquake occurred. The high‐resistive body provides a blockage to the previously proposed crustal channel flow along the Gaoligong shear zone and may accumulate sufficient stress. The Longling strong earthquakes may result from the sinistral strike‐slip motion of the Ruili‐Luxi Fault in the framework of the north to northeast trending compressive stress. The blockage to the crustal channel flow along the Gaoligong shear zone by the high‐resistivity zone in Longling could be an important factor to produce the north to northeast trending compressive stress field in Longling area.