bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Suitability of Gridded Precipitation Data for Hydrological Simulation in Eastern Himalaya: A Case Study
Authors:   North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Bole Nyigam , Chiphang Ngahorza ,   North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Bandyopadhyay Arnab ,   North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Bhadra Aditi ,   North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology
Published: January 2025

Gridded precipitation datasets have been effectively employed in hydrological modeling in absence of gauge data. The study assessed the applicability of five spatially distributed precipitation datasets, Indian Meteorological Department [IMD] (gauge-interpolated), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis [CFSR] (reanalysis), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission [TRMM] (satellite-based), Precipitation Estimation From Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks [PERSIANN-CDR] (satellite-based), and Asian Precipitation – Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources [APHRODITE] (gauge-interpolated), for hydrological modeling in an Eastern Himalayan basin. These gridded datasets were input to the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which was calibrated using the SWAT-CUP SUFI2 algorithm. Based on monthly simulated results, the CFSR gridded dataset outperformed others. Streamflow underprediction was also acceptable for the entire study period. IMD and TRMM performed satisfactorily in calibration but failed to perform in validation. APHRODITE and PERSIANN showed good correlation, but due to the overall low rainfall estimation, the data failed to produce satisfactory results and hence is considered unsuitable for hydrological simulation. The TRMM model simulation had the best overall trend against the observed data but failed to match the peaks. The study concluded that CFSR can be alternatively used for modeling in the absence of gauge data for the mountainous river basins of Eastern Himalaya.
Wissenschaftsverlage und Third-Party-Tracking. Wer sind diese Third-Partys? – Codefragmente im Seitenquelltext von Verlagen führen zu diversen Firmen
Authors: Lindstrot Barbara
Published: January 2025

Im Seitenquelltext der Webseiten von wissenschaftlichen Verlagen, Hosts und Softwareanbietern, wie Elsevier, Web of Science und Wiley sind Codefragmente eingefügt, die in Verbindung mit Drittanbietern (Third Partys) stehen. Einige dieser Drittanbieter-Firmen haben sich auf das Sammeln, die Anreicherung, die Analyse und den Weiterverkauf von Nutzerdaten spezialisiert. Dieser Artikel zeigt auf, bei welchem Verlag welche Third Partys im Seitenquelltext nachgewiesen werden konnten. Durch kurze Erläuterungen und Links kann sich der oder die Leser:in ein Bild von diesen Drittanbieter-Firmen und ihrem Geschäftsmodell machen.
Fundamental polyhedra of projective elementary groups
Authors: Martin Daniel E.
Published: January 2025

For 𝓞 an imaginary quadratic ring, we compute a fundamental polyhedron in hyperbolic 3-space for the action of PE2(𝓞), the projective elementary subgroup of PSL2(𝓞). This allows for new, simplified proofs of theorems of Cohn, Nica, Fine, and Frohman. Namely, we obtain a presentation for PE2(𝓞), show that it has infinite index and is its own normalizer in PSL2(𝓞), and split PSL2(𝓞) into a free product with amalgamation that has PE2(𝓞) as one of its factors.
Non-destructive testing evaluation of stainless-clad steel with imaging inspection
Authors: Tippayasam Chayanee , Sangarun Pakorn , Thaweechai Thammanoon , Kaewvilai Attaphon
Published: January 2025

Due to the dissimilar properties of the cladding layer and carbon steel substrate, which lead to inaccurate inspections, nondestructive testing (NDT) needs to be verified with a reference specimen. This research presented the preparation of stainless-clad steel reference for NDT with imaging inspections such as profile radiography (PRT), ultrasonic phased array (PA), and full matrix capture with the total focusing method (FMC/TFM). The effect of cladding thickness and complex defects on the inspection results was evaluated. In the experiment, the reference specimen was prepared by welding stainless steel on carbon steel and drilling holes to simulate defects as cluster, aligned, and interlayer characteristics. The PRT exhibited asymmetry in two-dimensional images with varying cladding thicknesses, which could be measured by image density analysis but could not identify complex defects. The PA provided images with good accuracy for measuring cladding thickness, but it was limited in detecting some complex defects due to signal reduction. The FMC/TFM demonstrated the best image for thickness measurement and identification of complex defects because its individual element probe could reduce signal intensity loss. In addition, a possible application of FMC/TFM in the butt weld inspection was also demonstrated.
Study on the measurement method of internal strain in carbon fiber laminate
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Qiang , Han Xinli , Zhang Dailin , Zhao Chunlei
Published: January 2025

Aiming at the characteristics of orthotropic anisotropy, multiangle and multilayer of carbon fiber composites, based on the relevant theories of mechanics of materials and mechanics of composites, a method of calculating the strain in the main direction of each ply inside the carbon fiber composite laminate by using the strain measured in the reverse order of the surface layer is proposed. In this study, carbon fiber composite laminates with different lay-up angles and thicknesses are selected as test objects, and the accuracy of the strain gauge measurement and rotational axis calculation method is verified by comparing the measured values of extensometer with those of the carbon fiber strain gauge that are different in the surface pasting direction. HyperMesh finite element software was used to simulate and solve the strain values in the main direction of the internal layers and compared with the strain in the main direction of the internal layers based on the surface strain measurement, which proved the validity of the method of calculating the strain in the main direction of the internal layers based on the surface strain measurement in inverse sequence.
Subwavelength-scale off-axis optical nanomanipulation within Gaussian-beam traps
Authors: Zhou Lei-Ming , Sun Wan , Tao Zong-Qiang , Xiong Ning-Jun , Huang Chan , Jiang Xiao-Yun , Ren Yu-Xuan , Yang Yuanjie , Shi Yu-Zhi , Hu Ji-Gang , Zhan Qiwen
Published: January 2025

It is generally recognized that there is only a single optical potential-well near the focus in optical traps with a focused Gaussian beam. In this work, we show that this classic Gaussian-beam optical trap has additional optical potential-wells for optical manipulation at the subwavelength scale in the off-focus transverse plane. The additional optical potential-wells are formed by the synergy of both the gradient trapping force and the transverse scattering force, though in previous studies the scattering force usually has adverse effect such as reducing trapping stability. These potential-wells work for not only the metallic particles, but also the high refractive-index dielectric particles. By engineering the contribution of the gradient force and scattering force through the particle size, the particle material and the position of the manipulation transverse plane, the force field and trapping potential-well can be tailored to trap/manipulate nanoparticles at different off-axis distance at the subwavelength scale. Our work provides new insight into optical tweezers and promises applications in optical nanomanipulation, nanoparticle sorting/separation, particle patterning and micro-fabrication on substrates.
The crystal structure of calcitriol–chloroform (1/1), C27H44O3⋅CHCl3
Authors: Deng Yue-Ting , Hao Zhong-Yan , Liu Xi , Pan Kang , Zhao An , Zheng Wen-Yang , Xiang Wei , Ma Wen-Jing
Published: January 2025

C27H44O3⋅CHCl3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.2800(7) Å, b = 8.4193(4) Å, c = 16.6951(10) Å, β = 109.593(4)°, V = 1493.72(15) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0561, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1550, T = 299 K.
Thermal evolution of soddyite, (UO2)2SiO4(H2O)2 and structurally related Na2(UO2)2SiO4F2
Authors: Nazarchuk Evgeny V. , Siidra Oleg I. , Tagirova Yana G. , Charkin Dmitri O. , Dmitriev Dmitri N. , Kasatkin Anatoly V.
Published: January 2025

Thermal expansion of the mineral soddyite, (UO2)2SiO4(H2O)2, and structurally related synthetic compound Na2(UO2)2SiO4F2 (
NAUSIF
) has been studied by means of high-temperature single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The mineral is orthorhombic, Fddd, while
NAUSIF
is tetragonal, I41/amd. The framework structures of both compounds are comprised of either neutral [(UO2)2(SiO4)(H2O)2] or negatively charged [(UO2)2(SiO4)F2]2- chains of similar topology. In the structure of soddyite, the chains cross at the angle of 72°, while in
NAUSIF
of 90°. Upon increasing temperature, the acute inter-chain angles in soddyite increase due to hinge deformations, the overall symmetry approaching tetragonal. The mineral is stable below 325 ± 25 °С; between 325 and 640 °С, the decomposition products cannot be identified unambiguously and contain significant amount of amorphous phases; at higher temperatures, a mixture of U3O8 polymorphs is formed.
NAUSIF
is stable until its melting point of 625 ± 25 °С. The thermal expansion of both compounds is strongly anisotropic; for
NAUSIF
, it is due to difference in bond strength in the uranium and sodium polyhedra. Anisotropic thermal expansion of soddyite is controlled by shear deformations of the structure upon the temperature rise.
How many symmetry operations are needed to generate a space group?
Authors: Banaru Alexander M. , Seravkin Konstantin G. , Banaru Daria A. , Aksenov Sergey M. , Lord Eric A.
Published: January 2025

Despite interesting applications in chemistry, mineralogy and materials science, the rank d of a space group G has never been the main focus of crystallographic investigations before. As a rule, the conventional generating subset of a space group listed in Volume A of International Tables of Crystallography does not fit for correctly estimating d(G). The initial generating subset was modified and the code was developed and written in GAP environment to obtain reliable values of d(G) (ranging from 2 to 6) for all the 230 space-group types.
СОСТАВ ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ ЛИПИДОВ В ЛИСТЬЯХ ГАЛОФИТОВ ПРИ АДАПТАЦИИ К ЗАСОЛЕННОЙ ПОЧВЕ НА ПРИМЕРЕ РАСТЕНИЙ ПРИЭЛЬТОНЬЯ
Authors: НЕСТЕРОВ В.Н.
Published: January 2025

В работе обобщены результаты многолетних полевых исследований 22 видов галофитных растений Приэльтонья, относящихся к четырем семействам и 14 родам. Растения были классифицированы по экологической (соленакапливающие эугалофиты, солевыделяющие криногалофиты, солеисключающие гликогалофиты) и генетической (С3-тип и С4-тип фотосинтеза) системе. Показаны условия абиотической среды (уровень засоления и влажности почвы), при которой произрастали различные группы галофитных растений. Проведен анализ состава жирных кислот (ЖК) липидов в листьях галофитов. Сделано заключение, что модуляция липидов галофитов, связанная с изменением ЖК состава в зависимости от засоленности и увлажненности почвы, является одним из механизмов солеустойчивости растений на клеточном уровне организации.

The work summarizes the results of long-term field studies of 22 species of halophytic plants in the Elton region, belonging to 4 families and 14 genera. Plants were classified according to the ecological (salt-accumulating euhalophytes, salt-secreting crinohalophytes, salt-excluding glycohalophytes) and genetic (C3-type and C4-type of photosynthesis) system. The conditions of the abiotic environment (level of salinity and soil moisture) under which various groups of halophytic plants grew are shown. The composition of fatty acids of lipids in halophyte leaves was analyzed. It is concluded that the modulation of halophyte lipids, associated with changes in fatty acids composition depending on soil salinity and moisture, is one of the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance at the cellular level of organization.
ФЕКАЛЬНЫЕ СТАНОЛЫ В ДОННЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЯХ ОЗЕРА ЗАПОВЕДНОЕ (ЭВЕНКИЯ) СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВУЮТ О НЕЗНАЧИТЕЛЬНОЙ АНТРОПОГЕННОЙ НАГРУЗКЕ В БАССЕЙНЕ ОЗЕРА В ПОЗДНЕМ ГОЛОЦЕНЕ
Authors: СИННЕР Е.К. , БОЯНДИН А.Н. , РОГОЗИН Д.Ю.
Published: January 2025

В донных отложениях озер сохраняются биомаркеры присутствия животных и человека - фекальные станолы. Они образуются из стеролов в результате работы кишечной микрофлоры. Характерными для человека являются копростанол и эпикопростанол, поскольку вырабатываются в наибольшем количестве по сравнению с животными. Эти станолы используются для реконструкции истории населения водоемов. В данной работе впервые исследованы фекальные станолы в донных отложениях оз. Заповедное, расположенного в Эвенкии. Анализ проводился с помощью газового хроматографа с масс-спектрометрическим детектором. По всей длине керна показано отсутствие ярко выраженного сигнала в содержании копростанола и эпикопростанола на фоне остальных исследованных станолов, что свидетельствует об исчезающе малом вкладе человека в пул фекальных станолов. Очевидно, что на всем исследованном интервале времени (до 2500 лет назад) в водосборном бассейне озера не было постоянных поселений, что в целом согласуется с крайне низкой плотностью населения данного региона и неблагоприятными условиями для проживания.

Biomarkers of the presence of animals and humans - fecal stanols - are well preserved in the lake sediments. They are produced by intestinal microflora from sterols. Coprostanol and epicoprostanol are specific human stanols, since they are produced in the greatest quantities compared to animals. These stanols are used to reconstruct the population history of water bodies. In this work, fecal stanols were studied for the first time in the bottom sediments of Lake Zapovednoye, located in Evenkia (Siberia, Russia). The analysis was carried out using a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector. Along the entire core, there were no pronounced signals of coprostanol and epicoprostanol compared with other stanols, which indicates a negligible contribution of humans to the pool of fecal stanols. It is obvious that throughout the entire studied time interval (up to two and a half thousand years ago) there were no permanent settlements in the lake’s drainage basin, which is generally consistent with the extremely low population density of this region and unfavorable living conditions.
Effects of biogas slurry drip irrigation on growth performance of Brassica chinensis L. and soil nutrient dynamics
Authors: Yin Dongxue , Qin Jiajun , Chen Dongdong , Wang Baozhong , Liu Wei , Wang Yingxian , Lan Weijuan , Wang Zhihao , Wang Jiachen
Published: January 2025

The optimal amount of biogas slurry was determined to improve both the yield of Brassica chinensis L. (BL) and soil quality. An experiment was set up with six sets of drip irrigation gradients (1:3 mix of biogas and water) of 12 (BS-1), 15 (BS-2), 18 (BS-3), 21 (BS-4), 24 (BS-5), and 27 (BS-6) L. Each treatment was repeated three times and irrigated eight times. The radius of drip irrigation was 1.2 m, and the dripping speed was 2 L/h. The highest plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, soluble sugar content, and protein content of 25.2 cm, 16.7 g, 1.10 g, 0.61 g/100 g, and 1.90 mg/g, respectively, were obtained under the BS-5 treatment. Soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic matter content under the BS-4 treatment increased 5.29%, 230.75%, and 1.00%, respectively, compared with those before drip irrigation treatment. The soil available potassium content was highest under the BS-3 treatment and had increased 20.4% compared with that before drip irrigation treatment. The most remarkable influence on the yield and quality of BL was observed when the drip irrigation amount was 24 L. Drip irrigation with 21 L of biogas slurry is conducive to improving soil physical and chemical properties.
Review of long-term performance of timber-concrete composite beams
Authors: Liu Peiyang , Du Hao , Chen Zheng , Hu Xiamin
Published: January 2025

Timber-concrete composite (TCC) beams are formed by integrating timber beams and concrete slabs into a cohesive structural unit using shear connectors. This integration capitalizes on the tensile strength of timber and the compressive strength of concrete, resulting in excellent load-bearing capacity, bending stiffness, vibration comfort, sound insulation, and fire resistance. The long-term behavior of TCC beams must be emphasized, considering the significant time-dependent behaviors of timber, concrete, and the connection system. This work analyzed the long-term mechanical behavior of TCC beams and systematically reviewed the current research on the long-term performance. The primary focus was on the experimental studies of the shear performance of the shear connectors and the mechanical performance of TCC beams under long-term loads. Furthermore, theoretical methods and numerical simulation analyses for evaluating the long-term performance of TCC beams were analyzed. Strengths and weaknesses of existing theoretical methods are identified, and further research and development in the calculation method of TCC beams under long-term loads is proposed.
El intento de derrocar la democracia brasileña y la reacción del gobierno de Lula en 2023
Authors: Mattos Gonçalves Rodrigo Jurucê
Published: January 2025

En este artículo, reconstruimos el intento de insurrección reaccionaria y golpe de Estado contra la democracia en Brasil, ocurrido el 8 de enero de 2023, y la reacción del gobierno Lula, basada en la institucionalidad y centrada principalmente en el Ministerio de Justicia y Seguridad Pública, que ha llevado a cabo varias acciones contra los golpistas y las leyes de armas que fueron una de las principales políticas del gobierno de Jair Bolsonaro. Lula tiene un contexto relativamente favorable, marcado por el consenso mayoritario sobre la preservación de la democracia, con la acción del Tribunal Superior Federal (STF), que ha estado reprimiendo a los golpistas, y el Tribunal Superior Electoral (TSE), que prohibió a Bolsonaro presentarse a las elecciones hasta 2030. Sin embargo, la derrota del golpe brasileño choca, por un lado, con las acciones del gobierno que se limitan a la institucionalidad, mientras se renuncia a disputar profundamente las instituciones y, por otro lado, con la conciliación con sectores económicos permeados por el extremismo. Argumentamos que la solución del problema, es decir, la derrota de la extrema derecha, exige la disputa del Estado y la sociedad civil en su conjunto sin conciliación.
O terceiro governo Lula e a política do agronegócio no Brasil
Authors: Galastri Leandro
Published: January 2025

Este texto ofrece un panorama general de la situación agraria en Brasil en los últimos años, principalmente en relación con los efectos nocivos del agronegocio para el país. Intentamos señalar algunos obstáculos coyunturales del actual gobierno de Lula para lidiar con la fuerza política e ideológica del moderno latifundio empresarial, además de demostrar cómo las narrativas del agronegocio son falaces en todas las dimensiones económicas con las que serelacionan. Finalmente, concluimos recordando la desaceleración que han sufrido las políticas de reforma agraria en las últimas décadas y señalando la falta de perspectivas inmediatas paracambiar esta situación a través de medios institucionales.
Diagnóstico del estado físico de una edificación religiosa del siglo XVI dañada por sismo
Authors: Máximo-Romero Patricia , Ramos-Aguilar Rogelio , Ávila-Cruz Máximo , Muñoz-Flores José G.O. , Galindo-López Víctor , Cárdenas-López Lorena , Morales-González Argenis Eduardo , Salas-Xochipa Alan Agustin
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo es el resultado de una serie de estudios que se realizaron en el templo de Nuestra Señora de la Merced, localizado en el Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Puebla, México. El templo es una edificación colonial con valor patrimonial que ha tenido modificaciones estructurales y daños por sobrecargas generadas por sismo y por bombardeos. Sobresale el sismo del 2 de octubre de 1864 que dañó severamente el segundo cuerpo de la torre. El sismo del 19 de septiembre de 2017 agrietó y fisuró algunos elementos de la estructura, por ejemplo, la clave del arco del coro donde se formó una articulación plástica. Se realizó la modelación del arco en SAP 2000 v20 para aplicar un análisis Pushover; se registraron vibración ambiental, temperatura y humedad, variables que degradan a los materiales; se hizo el levantamiento topográfico de la portada y el estudio fotogramétrico del exterior de toda la estructura.
El Valle del Cacique Upar (Colombia) y sus alrededores como escenario natural y cultural para el desarrollo del geoturismo y la geoeducación con fines de geoconservación
Authors: Manco-Jaraba Dino Carmelo , Ríos-Reyes Carlos Alberto , Castellanos-Alarcón Oscar Mauricio
Published: January 2025

En la región caribeña alrededor del Valledupar (Colombia), también llamada ciudad de los Santos Reyes del Valle de Upar y considerada uno de los principales epicentros musicales, culturales y folklórico en el territorio colombiano por ser considerada cuna del vallenato, género musical más popular del país y actualmente símbolo de la música colombiana. La identificación de sitios patrimoniales y su geodiversidad son muy importantes para la selección de sitios patrimoniales colombianos, debido a que tienen un gran valor estéticos, paisajístico, científicos y educativos para la transferencia de conocimientos geocientíficos sobre diferentes procesos geológicos y pueden ser utilizados como recursos geoturísticos. Los resultados muestran que Valledupar y sus alrededores contienen varios recursos patrimoniales con valores excepcionales, por lo que se deben realizar medidas de geoconservación en todos estos sitios para algunos fines, como la investigación y educación, así como el desarrollo del geoturismo.
Impact of the U.S. Special Education Due Process Hearing: Do We Need It in Korea?
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Song Ryan , Goedde, Patricia Goedde, Patricia
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the implications of the dispute resolution mechanisms under the U.S. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) for special education in South Korea, through an analysis of IDEA’s legal framework and an evaluation of the successes and criticisms of due process hearings. Since 1975, the United States has guaranteed procedural safeguards under IDEA, providing students with disabilities the right to a “Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)” in the “Least Restrictive Environment (LRE),” individualized learning plans through an “Individualized Education Program (IEP),” and ensuring parental involvement. The structure of IDEA harmonizes the ideal values of free and non-discriminatory education with the practical approach of implementing specific learning plans through IEPs. It also balances collaboration and conflict by fostering cooperative relationships between parents and schools while offering judicial due process hearings when disputes arise.
However, this balance risks being undermined if an overly litigation-focused approach leads to excessive financial burdens and adversarial conflicts, thereby contradicting the cooperative framework and the objective of free education, and potentially resulting in discrimination based on economic capacity. On the other hand, it can be argued that the judicial approach, which produces fact-based precedents, is an indispensable safeguard for protecting the rights of students with disabilities and improving the special education environment. Considering the critique that South Korea’s special education system, while emphasizing collaboration and mediation, remains weak in terms of ensuring legal rights, there are significant lessons to be drawn. This paper suggests arguments for introducing judicial mechanisms similar to IDEA’s due process hearings in South Korea to expand the rights of special education recipients and enhance protections for students with disabilities.
Neural mechanisms of behavioral addiction: An ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis
Authors: Li Zhaolan , He Quanxing , Elhai Jon D. , Montag Christian , Yang Haibo
Published: January 2025

Background and aims

Behavioral addictions (BAs) represent complex and multifaceted disorders often associated with maladaptive neural alteration. To deepen our understanding of the essence of BAs, this study focuses on the neural mechanisms underlying its three stages: reward seeking, self-control, and decision-making. The aim of the current meta-analysis is to investigate the brain regions and neural networks involved in BAs.

Methods

Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched for relevant articles published before September 1, 2024, in the Web of Science and PubMed databases, and supplemented our search with Google Scholar. We conducted analyses using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analyses.

Results

A total of 50 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies involving 906 participants were included. The findings showed that individuals with BAs exhibited hyperactivation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), bilateral caudate and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and a high degree of connectivity was found between the right caudate, left caudate, and right IFG. These findings indicated that BAs were associated with the fronto-striatal circuits. Individuals with BAs demonstrate specific neural activation patterns in the reward seeking, self-control, and decision-making stages, characterized by differences in activation and functional connectivity of brain regions associated with these stages.

Discussion and conclusions

This study verifies the pivotal role of the fronto-striatal circuits in BAs and highlights the specific patterns of brain activity in different stages of addictive behavior. These findings expand our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying BAs and supports and provide partial support for the I-PACE model.
A nobeli szándékkal összhangban 2024-ben valódi mérföldkő átlépését ismerték el a kémia területén
Authors: Perczel András , Fazekas Zsolt
Published: January 2025

John Michael Jumper, Sir Demis Hassabis és David Baker 2024-ben, a fehérjetudományok és a mesterségesintelligencia-algoritmusok sikeres együttes alkalmazásáért kapták megosztva a kémiai Nobel-díjat. A fehérjék aminosav-szekvenciája és térszerkezete közti szoros összefüggés tényét már régóta ismerik a kutatók, azonban az összefüggés pontos leírása mind ez idáig nehézkes, gyakran közel lehetetlen feladatnak bizonyult. Ezen két végpont összekötésében játszanak fontos szerepet a díjazottak által tervezett AlphaFold és RoseTTAFold nevezetű mesterségesintelligencia-modellek, amelyek az egyik végpont ismeretében pontos becslést tudnak tenni a másik mivoltára. Ezek az eszközök segítséget nyújthatnak betegségek megértésében, fehérjealapú gyógyszerek tervezésében, környezettudatos gyártási folyamatok megvalósításában, illetve biokompatibilis anyagok tervezésének forradalmasításában.
Han Kang és az első dél-koreai irodalmi Nobel-díj
Authors: Kovács Janka
Published: January 2025

A tanulmány Han Kang írónőt mutatja be, aki az első dél-koreai irodalmi Nobel-díj nyertese. Az írónőt a legtöbb olvasó a Növényevő című regényéről ismeri, mely elnyerte a Nemzetközi Man Booker-díjat. Írásainak visszatérő témája az emberi brutalitásból fakadó trauma, mely egyes könyveiben valós történelmi eseményeken keresztül jelenik meg, más írásaiban pedig a mindennapi élet egyszerű jeleneteibe burkolódzva. Az írónő gyakran merít saját életéből, gyermekkori emlékeiből; a túlélők lelkifurdalása, melytől a kvangdzsui felkelés érzelmi túlélőjeként ő is szenved, számos regényében megjelenik.
Interjú Gulyás Balázzsal, a HUN-REN Magyar Kutatási Hálózat elnökével, valamint vezérigazgatójával, Jakab Rolanddal
Authors: Hegyi Pál
Published: January 2025

A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia és Könyvtára 200 éves évfordulójának alkalmából a Magyar Tudomány 2024. májusi száma részletesen beszámolt a Tudósfórumban arról, hogy az MTA és az MTA Könyvtár és Információs Központ (KIK) miként készül a bicentenáriumi ünnepségekre. Az előkészület egyik hozadékaként számoltunk be többek között A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia elnökei és főtitkárai (2023) című kötetről is, amely Teleki Józseftől Freund Tamásig tárgyalja az egyes elnökök és főtitkárok nevével fémjelzett korszakokat, az Akadémia életében beálló változásokat. A könyv a HUN-REN Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont munkájaként látott napvilágot, mégpedig abban az évben, amikor a kutatóhálózat, amelynek része, maga is korszakváltáson ment keresztül. A hazai tudományosság harmadik nagy intézménye, a 2019-ben Maróth Miklós akadémikus elnökségével megalapított Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat (ELKH) 2023-tól ugyanis jelentős változásokon esett át. A kutatóintézetek hálózata Gulyás Balázs, az MTA külső tagjának személyében 2023-ban új elnököt kapott, aki a víziójához illeszkedő HUN-REN Magyar Kutatási Hálózatra változtatta az intézmény nevét. 2024 decemberében, amikor őt, valamint a 2024 januárjától vezérigazgatói tisztséget betöltő Jakab Rolandot kérdeztük a jelen változásairól és a jövőre vonatkozó elképzeléseikről, a HUN-REN épp egy intenzív időszakot él meg: elindult az intézményhálózat stratégiai megújítása, amelyet egy, immár az Országgyűlés szavazatára váró, a HUN-REN sajátosságaira szabott törvénytervezet alapoz meg azután, hogy a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Rendkívüli Közgyűlése támogatását adta az akadémiai vagyon eladásához, amelyet a kormányzat a terv szerint térítésmentesen juttat a HUN-REN Magyar Kutatási Hálózatnak.
Százesztendős hídfőállások
Authors: Ujváry Gábor
Published: January 2025

Magyarország 1920-as évek eleji nemzetközi elzártságából elsősorban a kulturális külpolitika erősítése jelentette a kitörési lehetőséget. 2024 októberében volt száz esztendeje, hogy e cél érdekében megnyitották a bécsi és berlini Collegium Hungaricumot (CH). A két világháború között a bécsi és a berlini CH a tehetséges, többnyire már doktori címmel rendelkező magyar fiatalok továbbképzését szolgálta. Ezt a feladatát kiválóan betöltötte, hiszen a többnyire egy esztendőt Bécsben és Berlinben töltő – általában gyümölcsöző kapcsolatokra szert tévő – magyar állami ösztöndíjasok csaknem négyötöde bekerült a magyar értelmiségi elitbe. A két intézmény emellett a kultúraközvetítésben is aktívan közreműködött. Mindebben kulcsszerepet játszott Gragger Róbert, a berlini tudományegyetem Magyar Intézete és az ottani CH alapítója, illetve Klebelsberg Kuno, az 1920-as évek kiváló, messzire tekintő terveit részben meg is valósító vallás- és közoktatásügyi minisztere, valamint a CH-k vezetői: Tamedly Mihály és Farkas Gyula (Berlin), valamint Károlyi Árpád, Lábán Antal és Miskolczy Gyula (Bécs). A kulturális külpolitika 1927-től a római CH-val és a félig-meddig CH-típusú párizsi magyar kulturális képviselettel, illetve a más országokba szóló külföldi ösztöndíjak rendszerével is gazdagodott. A második világháború után a bécsi CH tovább folytatta munkáját, de 1949 és 1963 között érdemi tevékenységet már nem fejtett ki. Kelet-Berlinben 1973-ban hozták létre a Magyar Kultúra Házát, amely az egyesített Németország fővárosában 2000-től működik ismét CH-ként. A két CH profilja közben megváltozott: immár elsősorban kulturális programokat-projekteket szerveznek – szinte mindig a fogadóországbéli intézményekkel, művészekkel együttműködve –, bár a bécsi CH tudományos arculata is megmaradt, részben annak köszönhetően, hogy az 1920 és 1948 között működő Bécsi Magyar Történeti Intézetet 2000-ben újjáalakították.
„A lehető legtökéletesebb, legszolidabb és a legcélszerűbb”
Authors: Nagy Márta
Published: January 2025

A berlini Collegium Hungaricum története elválaszthatatlan a német főváros fordulatos történetétől. Az intézetalapító Gragger Róbert 1925-ben így fogalmazta meg vízióját: „Legnagyobb ambícióm, hogy a kollégium mind belső szellemét, mind pedig épületét illetőleg a lehető legtökéletesebb, legszolidabb és a legcélszerűbb legyen.” Utódai más politikai környezetben és körülmények között törekedtek ugyanerre. A cikk szerzője az intézmény első női igazgatójaként feleleveníti a korszakokon átívelő alapelveket és együttműködési formákat, felidéz néhányat az utóbbi évek kiemelkedő művészeti eseményeiből, és kitekint a bécsi Collegium Hungaricummal együttműködésben megvalósuló centenáriumi eseménysorozat programjaira.
Reevaluating the Formal Requirements of Wills: Advocating for the Integration of Electronic Wills
Authors: Nwabueze Lilian Ifeoma , Gasiokwu Peter Ikechukwu
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to examine the nature and purpose of the formal requirements of Wills, highlighting their limitations and the need for adaptation in the context of modern electronic communication. The doctrinal research method was employed to evaluate legal problems and analyse the current statutory framework governing Wills. The study found that the traditional formal requirements for Wills, intended to provide testamentary protection and serve as legal proof of execution, often fail to meet their purpose effectively. Judicial and judicious applications of these rules have revealed significant limitations. There is an urgent need for the law to adapt to technological advancements by incorporating electronic Wills. This adaptation would address the inadequacies of current formal requirements and ensure the effectiveness of testamentary dispositions as evidenced in its use in South Africa by all categories of persons- with or without legal knowledge; in the United States of America for exigencies and in Australia to ensure high level of confidentiality and secrecy. The paper recommends articulated formalities supported by electronic communication to achieve testamentary goals. It suggests amendments to the extant laws on Wills in jurisdictions where provisions for dispensing powers are missing while detailed and applicable electronic Will legislation is recommended for jurisdictions that have long recognized the need for testamentary disposition to join the global advancement in technology.
MOVIMENTOS DA PROFISSIONALIZAÇÃO DOCENTE EM MEIO ÀS PERCEPÇÕES NARRATIVAS: ESTADO DA ARTE
Authors: De Barros Munari Keiti
Published: January 2025

Com base em uma pesquisa de doutoramento, defendida em 2020, este artigo busca compreender, por meio do estado da arte, se há novos desdobramentos no campo científico que possam atualizar ou propor novos horizontes acerca dos desdobramentos da pesquisa, na ocasião de seu desenvolvimento. A pesquisa objetivou ampliar compreensões acerca dos fatores de permanência no magistério tendo como tema a profissionalização docente, num recorte temporal de 3 décadas, questionando como as participantes percebiam a constituição da própria profissionalização. O referencial teórico buscou dialogar achados sobre profissionalização, formação e profissão docentes pautados na visão de alguns autores da Sociologia e teve como percurso metodológico a abordagem qualitativa sob a ótica da Entrevista Narrativa (EN) preconizada por Fritz Schütze. Os resultados constataram que, para as participantes, a permanência na profissão encontrava-se ancorada sobretudo no aprimoramento profissional da formação continuada. Tais reflexões foram norteadas por percepções presentes nas narrativas das trajetórias profissionais que permitiram a construção de dois eixos motivacionais estruturados em fatores (internos e externos) influenciáveis para as escolha e permanência profissionais, que por si elucidam além do aprimoramento outros aspectos para o estar na profissão.
Analysis of blade's chord length with NACA0015 profile for enhanced wave energy conversion of Wells turbine
Authors: Huynh Kha Tuan Tran , Vo Khoa Anh , Lo Vay Siu , Truong Thien Tich
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the enhancement of Wells turbine blades by modifying the chord length design parameter. The Wells turbine, a promising device in wave energy conversion systems, faces a limited operating range due to flow separation, which restricts its efficiency at higher flow rates. Enhancing the performance of the Wells turbine is crucial for effective wave energy exploitation. The computational simulations in this study are conducted using ANSYS Fluent. Turbine performance is evaluated based on non-dimensional torque, pressure torque, and efficiency, derived from solving the steady 3D incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The results are validated against reliable references, showing good agreement. The numerical findings reveal that altering the turbine chord length significantly impacts efficiency. Optimizing the chord length enhances the Wells turbine's performance in wave energy conversion, making it a more viable option for renewable energy power generation.
HISTOMORPHOMETRIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF BONE HEALING AROUND IMPLANTS PLACED USING PIEZOSURGERY VS CONVENTIONAL DRILLS: A SPLITMOUTH PILOT STUDY
Authors: Vignudelli Elisabetta , Cucchi Alessando , Righi Alberto , Vercellotti Tommaso , Corinaldesi Giuseppe , Antonino Fiorino
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

This pilot study evaluated and compared histomorphometric and immunohistochemical characteristics of peri-implant bone tissue after implant site preparation using piezoelectric tips versus conventional drills.

Material and Methods:

Six patients with bilateral partial edentulism underwent a splitmouth protocol. Twelve alveolar ridges were randomized into six control implant sites prepared using conventional drills (Drill Group); and six test implant sites prepared using piezoelectric implant inserts (Piezo Group). At 28 days after surgery (T1), single-stage “study fixtures” with 0.5 mm of peri-implantbone tissue were explanted and processed for histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis in both groups. For each sample inflammatory infiltrates, necrotic bone (Zone 1), woven and newly formed bone (Zone 2), native bone (Zone 3), a vascular endothelium differentiation and neo-osteogenesis marker (CD31) and an osteoblastic cell differentiation and osteogenesis marker (SATB2) were evaluated.

Results:

According to their histological bone features, the three histologically distinct areas were evident in both groups: Zone 1, Zone 2 and Zone 3 according to their histological bone features. Zone 1 showed lower extension in the Piezo Group than in the Drill Group (p=0.028). Regarding the immunohistochemical markers, in all areas of the Piezo Group, SATB2 and CD31 were statistically higher than in the Drill Group.

Conclusion:

Implant site preparation using piezo surgery results in less bone necrosis, greater osteoblastic activity and greater vessel proliferation compared to the conventional surgical approach
Educación Inclusiva en instituciones de básica secundaria del municipio de Malambo- Atlántico, Colombia
Authors: Barreiro Novoa Shirley  Isabel
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo, pretende brindar al lector un análisis reflexivo de los procesos de inclusión en instituciones del departamento del atlántico, específicamente en el municipio de Malambo, como los docentes y directivos de instituciones educativas utilizan la herramienta del índice de inclusión en sus procesos educativos en poblaciones diversas, identificando aspectos curriculares para el diseño de estrategias que busquen promover la inclusión de estos estudiantes. Se realiza bajo los esquemas del paradigma empírico analítico. Como instrumentos y técnicas de recolección de datos teniendo en cuenta el método cuantitativo se utilizó, la observación y cuestionarios. Al finalizar se observa  que en las instituciones de Malambo se están llevando a cabo algunas acciones inclusivas, sin embargo,  las gestiones académica, directiva y administrativa presentaron índices de inclusión más bajos, por lo cual se propone realizar un proceso de  reestructuración en la relación con su entorno, en el manejo de los recursos, formación de alianzas y diseño de planes para preparar a la comunidad de docentes y directivos para brindar una educación apropiada que garantice el ingreso, permanencia, promoción y egreso de las personas con discapacidad
 PALABRAS CLAVES: Educación Inclusiva, Índice de inclusión, Gestión educativa.
Danza y universidad en tiempos de la Covid-19
Authors: Lindo De Las Salas Monica , Atencia Escorcia Jairo
Published: January 2025

El artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación documental que reflexiona de manera sistemática sobre las experiencias formativas desde la virtualidad y que han sido lideradas por programas de danza a nivel de educación superior en tiempos de la Covid-19. Este acontecimiento mundial que cobró fuerza en el 2020, impactó las prácticas formativas en todas las instituciones educativas y desestabilizó sus mecanismos de transferencia del conocimiento. Por tanto, la investigación se plantea como interrogantes: ¿Cuáles son las estrategias complementarias de transferencia de conocimiento que las Universidades con programas de Danza realizaron durante el año 2020? así mismo ¿Cuáles son los contenidos y temas paralelos al plan regular de estudios que se privilegiaron durante dichas transferencias? La base conceptual sobre la cual se sustenta la investigación aborda los procesos formativos en educación superior y el cuerpo danzante tomando en consideración los comunicados de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la Banca Interamericana de Desarrollo y los lineamientos que en materia de educación superior plantea el Ministerio de Educación de Colombia.
Justicia deliberativa: efectos, límites y planteamientos para repensar la democracia
Authors: González Cruz José Ángel
Published: January 2025

La justicia deliberativa como desarrollo conceptual y como praxis busca cambiar el paradigma adoptado por un sistema institucional estrictamente rígido, en el que las relaciones entre las ramas del poder público se traducen en un esquema inamovible en el que cada una de estas ramas actúa por cuenta propia y de manera independiente una de la otra. La justicia deliberativa hace la audaz propuesta de que los asuntos constitucionales que abarcan derechos fundamentales se resuelvan a través de una diálogo armonioso y extendido, que debe involucrar a las distintas ramas del poder y a la propia ciudadanía con sistemas alternativos de participación. Los instrumentos de la justicia deliberativa son las sentencias estructurales las cuales buscan generar espacios de deliberación democrática donde los jueces son pieza clave en el cumplimiento de políticas públicas con el fin de garantizar derechos humanos que han sido vulnerados. El activismo judicial deliberativo es un referente en la protección de las garantías de la constitución y en la operatividad de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW GENERATION OF TORNUM REX MINING GRAIN DRYERS AND THEIR DESIGN METHODS
Authors: Fitsyk V.
Published: January 2025

The materials of the article analyze the problems and methods of drying grain in modern grain dryers. In recent years, the mixed-flow dryer has been the subject of many studies on drying efficiency, dryer control and productivity improvement. However, there is still a significant need for optimization in terms of energy efficiency and drying uniformity. In order to analyze the specific energy consumption and drying uniformity of the technological process, various thermodynamic conditions of the process were investigated, design solutions were investigated using numerical and experimental methods. Based on the results obtained and the aerodynamic analysis of air flows, the design of a new generation TORNUM REX series grain dryer was developed. Pressure losses, drying agent flow distribution and temperature distribution in the hot air chamber in a continuous grain dryer with mixed flow were investigated using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The flow in the dryer was considered as steady, laminar and turbulent. It is important that the grain is dried evenly, since uneven drying can lead to spoilage of the final product during storage. The graphic practical materials of the article provide the design of TORNUM REX shaft grain dryers, a general view of the movement of air flows in the REX series grain dryer, diagrams of air flow speeds in the grain shaft, a diagram of the distribution of air flows in the temperature spectrum in the REX series grain dryer, a diagram of the formation of the drying agent during mixing with recuperation air in the REX series grain dryer. It was found that different temperature distributions in the output sections can lead to improper drying or damage to the final product, which influenced the change in the design of the dryer. To reduce pressure loss and increase the uniformity of the flow entering the subchamber of the linear gas burner, a new design of the air mixing section and guide vanes in different designs of hot air chambers is proposed. This approach to modeling using CFD can be applied to new technological processes, as well as to evaluate and optimize already established conventional systems.
INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF ACIDIFIERS: MODERN SOLUTIONS FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASPECTS
Authors: Chernega I. , Fihurska L. , Iegorov B. , Makarynska A. , Tsiundyk O.
Published: January 2025

The article examines innovative approaches to the use of acidifiers in animal husbandry, their impact on animal productivity and health, as well as intellectual property aspects associated with the development and implementation of such solutions. The growing demand for animal products, in particular meat and eggs, leads to an increase in the number of animals and poultry and the need for effective solutions for their complete nutrition. This increases the demand for effective feed additives. The market for feed acidifiers is actively gaining momentum, as they meet modern requirements for efficient, safe and economical farming. Acidifiers help maintain an optimal pH level in the digestive system of animals, which contributes to better absorption of nutrients and reduces the risk of digestive disorders. They also stimulate the development of beneficial microflora in the gastrointestinal tract, which has a positive effect on the general condition of animals. In many countries, stricter restrictions on the use of antibiotics in livestock farming are being introduced due to concerns about bacterial resistance to drugs. Therefore, acidifiers are becoming an effective alternative to maintaining animal health without the use of antibiotics. In addition, acidifiers can increase the efficiency of feed processing, which allows you to reduce feed costs and increase the feed conversion ratio. This is important for farmers, as it allows achieving better results at lower costs. With the development of industrial animal husbandry, there is a need for more effective feeding methods, which makes feed acidifiers an important tool in maintaining animal health and productivity. The article examines the global and domestic market for acidifiers. A literature review of the results of the use of feed acidifiers in animal and poultry feeding by leading domestic scientists is presented. The results of tests are presented, which showed that the use of feed acidifier in feeding young pigs has a significant effect on biochemical blood parameters, meat quality and animal growth rate. Other data showed that adding acidifiers to the diet of broiler chickens contributed to an increase in survival, leads to feed savings while increasing productivity. The article also presents the main prospects, problems of using acidifiers in compound feed production and ways to solve them.