bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on Ecological Security of Land Resources
Authors: Yang Sai Ming
Published: March 2013

Ecological security is the basis of sustainable development.Ecological security assessment of land resources is a forefront research topic of sustainable utilization of land resources. A index system of twenty indicators on ecological security of land resources,including natural, economic and social aspects, is established. Using AHP method to determine the index weights and mathematical models to calculate ecological security values of land resources, Ecological security values of land resources are devided into five grades.
Variations and Typical Impact Factors of Soil Nitrogen Content during the Vegetation Succession in Limestone Mountains
Authors: Zhang Shan Shan , Yang Li Yuan , Wang Hui , Chen Qing Lin , Li Qian
Published: March 2013

In order to explore the variations and impact factors of soil nitrogen contents, 0-20 cm mineral soil under herb, shrub, Platycladus orientalis plantation of limestone mountains after restoration for 5 years and 10 years were collected and examined in Jinan, Shandong province. The results showed that there was different soil mineral nitrogen content under different vegetation during the natural succession and artificial restoration succession. Shrub community (14.35 mg/Kg) > herb community (12.73 mg/Kg); Platycladus orientalis plantation restored for 10 years (27.82 mg/Kg) > Platycladus orientalis plantation restored for 5 years (20.76 mg/Kg). NO3--N has highly significant positive correlations with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content (r = 0.626, 0.564, p 4+-N has not significantly correlated with total nitrogen and organic carbon content (r = 0.218, 0.155). However, it has highly significant positive correlation with the NO3--N (r = 0.531, p 3--N and NH4+-N have highly significant negative correlations with soil pH (r = -0.657, -0.605, p < 0.01), respectively. But the correlation with the soil moisture was not significant (r = -0.181, 0.114). The research provided base information for the evaluation of restoration effects and restoration practice on the limestone mountains.
Study of Solid Waste Management Programs in Shiraz-Iran
Authors: Vaseghi Mohammad Rahim , Ramezannejad Amir
Published: March 2013

The current and previous condition of solid waste management programs in the city, Shiraz was studied. Shiraz is one of the capital cities in south of Iran. Different aspects of solid waste programs including collection, transportation, treatments and recycling are discussed. Composition of solid wastes, material analysis, chemical formulation, thermal values, pH and other factors is evaluated. To estimate future conditions an overview of the statistics obtained in previous years is provided. Finally some recommendations are given in case it would be profitable for developing recycling programs in Shiraz city.
Environmental Productivity Growth in Chinese Construction Industry
Authors: Song Yu , Li Qian
Published: March 2013

This paper measures the environmental productivity of the construction industry in China over 1997 to 2010. Accounting for solid wastes produced, the average annual environmental productivity developed constantly during that period.
Indoor Environment Quality in Modern Life
Authors: Han Ying , Yi Li Fen
Published: March 2013

There is a great improvement in modern people’s working and living environment. As the new building materials and technology appear, it brings some problems to indoor environment. more and more people pay attention to their living conditions especially the quality of indoor environment. Every year ,there are 110,000 people who die from indoor air pollution every year in China, hence indoor air pollution is affecting human health. In this paper, through analysis of the sources, adverse health effects of several common indoor air pollutants, air pollutants are major contributing factors to chronic diseases and mortality. It should be treated urgently with the people’s standard of living improvement.
Preliminary Observation of Plankton in the Rural Village Wetland Sewage Treatment System
Authors: Gong Luo Jun , Wang Xiao Xiao , Li Jun , Han Wei , Yan Qian Qian
Published: March 2013

We determined that there are 5 door 35 species of phytoplankton, 6 Galaxy ecological agriculture co., LTD, The average biomass liveweight is 0.6006 mg/l. The reason of less species of plankton and low liveweight of biomass in the system is that the ecological environment of the system is not suitable for general plankton's survival and growth. Therefore, the rural village wetland sewage treatment system has certain inhibition on plankton. On the system engineering designing we shouldn’t consider the factor of plankton.
Washing of the Ash from One Shanghai Plant Using Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Ma Guo Xian , Zhang Hai Ying
Published: March 2013

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash was regarded as one kind of hazardous waste due to the enrichment of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu), which should be removed from the ash or stabilized prior to final landfill disposal. Extraction with phosphoric acid is a conventional method of safe treatment of fly ash. In this work, influence of phosphoric acid concentration and liquid to solid ratio on removal efficiency of the four heavy metals was investigated. It was found that phosphoric acid was efficient in removing Pb, Zn and Cu but less efficient in removing Cd. Removal ratio followed the decreasing sequence of Pb >Zn > Cd > Cu for acid extraction using phosphoric acid, quite different with that for sulfuric acid. In comparison with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid was more effective in removing the four heavy metals.
The Related Research about the Thickness of Covered Soil in Reclaimed Land Filled by Fly Ash
Authors: Liu Fan , Yan Jia Ping , Marx Björn , Weiss Eltje
Published: March 2013

Exploring the best mode of fly ash reclamation by the tests of water content, water retention curve, PH value, monitoring of wheat growing and wheat yield in different conditions of covered soil’s thickness. The results show that if the thickness of the covered soil’s layer between 24cm to 40cm,the covered soil has the best ability of water saving and supplying, the lowest cost for reclamation and the highest yield, so we can get the best benefit.
How to Deal with the General Wastes of Chemical Laboratory
Authors: Sun Guang Ping , Zhang Xiao Li , Zhao Xi Qing
Published: March 2013

Environment is being damaged seriously by harmful wastes of chemical laboratory. This article synthesized the category and endanger of general wastes in chemical laboratory and provided several simple treatments According to their categories and properties, we provided the process diagram for general wastes and offered a proposal about management.
Ecological Industry Chain Project Decision Study Based on Price View
Authors: Yu Hai Jie , Su Sheng , Ma Qian Wei
Published: March 2013

Ecological industry were qualitatively and quantitatively studied from the price perspective in this paper, because price study before it comes into being is more important than after it happened. We proposed that price should guide and constrain people’s choices. Then chose four subsystems: economic, social, environmental, energy, constructed price and interest evaluation indexes systems, used analytic hierarchy process, quantitatively analyzed interest and price of enterprise’s project based on experts' experience, gave every index weight. At last, accounting to price and interest of different project, made decision of enterprise.
Laboratory Study on the Toxic Gas Treatment and Wastewater Reuse in Nitromethane Synthesis Plants
Authors: Wu Hai Yan , Fu Shi Feng , Zhang Jing Fei , Chen Qing Hui
Published: March 2013

This work was a trial to reduce the emission of the toxic methyl nitrite gas by a modified absorption process and reutilize the wastewater produced in the absorption process from a nitromethane synthesis plant in laboratory scales. In the modified gas treatment experiment, it was found that, after a 90 minute circulation period, the uptake of methyl nitrite into NaOH solution was 21.4% more than traditional method. The wastewater reuse experiments consisted of a three step process: pretreatment, desalination and reuse. NaNO2, the salt reclaimed from attapulgite (ATT) and powder active carbon (PAC) decolored wastewater through desalination, was reused as raw material in nitromethane synthesis. The synthesis efficiency using NaNO2 recovered from ATT decolored wastewater was 78.7% and the purity of raw product was 98.3%. The corresponding results of PAC were 61.8% and 92.5% respectively. Considering the possibility of greater economic and environmental benefits to nitromethane manufacturers, the ATT pretreatment-desalination-reuse technology would be chosen for pilot-scale experiment.
Research on Recycling Management Model for Traction Batteries of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Gao Yang , Li Yu Ke , Wu Song Quan , Zhu Yi Fang
Published: March 2013

Now, the renewable resources recycling system do not include the traction battery recycling in China, and there are also some problems in the existed recycling system. In the field of resource recycling, especially for battery recycling, the management system, laws and regulations, and technical standards have been behind of the developed countries. This paper from producers self-establish the recycling system, producers alliance self-establish the recycling system and producers recycling business commission mode to discuss the recycling model for traction battery.
A GIS-Based Early Warning and Emergency Decision Support System for River Heavy Metal Pollution Incidents
Authors: Chen Yuan Hua , Jiang Ji Ping , Liu Yu , Zhang Li Na , Wang Yi
Published: March 2013

Recently, aquatic pollution of heavy metals has been breaking out with increasing frequency around the world, which puts great threats to ecosystem and human health. However, there are seldom researches on Early Warning/Emergency Response System (EWERS) of heavy metal pollution. In this present study, we propose a logistic structure and function structure of EWERS on the ground of functional requirement of response to river heavy metal pollution. This system includes five subsystems: heavy metal monitoring, contaminant source information management, emergency management, database and authority management subsystems. It can not only predict the process of heavy metal accumulation processes, but also calculate risk degree for given area taking the water function zone into consideration. For those areas where risk is identified as unacceptable, emergency response plan should be created by case base reasoning to achieve reduction hazard in a cost-effective way.
Environmentally Assessing Buildings Characterized by Complex Shape and Innovative Materials
Authors: Peri Giorgia , Foresta Ferdinando , Inzerillo Laura , Rizzo Gianfranco
Published: March 2013

This paper addresses the emerging problem consisting in a correct energy and environmental evaluation of buildings belonging to the new architectural tendency. In fact, innovative buildings are often characterized by new materials that, not rarely, are not contemplated in current environmental databases. Moreover, unconventional shapes of these buildings could require further manufacturing processes that involve additional energy consumption not included in the commercial environmental database. Through the work a spotlighting of the problem is presented with reference to a real innovative building.
Preparation and Characterization of Paste-Printed CIGSe Absorber Layers Sintered with 10% Tellurium or 5% Antimony Sulfide as a Sintering Aid
Authors: Kuo Dong Hau , Chen Jian Jhih
Published: March 2013

The Cu-deficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layer for thin film solar cells was prepared by paste printing its powders followed by sintering at 550  650oC for 1 h with the assistance of sintering aid of 10% Te or 5% Sb2S3 to enhance densification. The variations of crystallinity, microstructure, composition, and electrical properties of resistivity, Hall mobility, and carrier concentration of CIGSe absorber layer with sintering temperature at different sintering aids were investigated. The advantage of this sintering process is the stability in composition and free of the problem of constituent vaporization. The major disadvantage of the CIGSe layer with 5% Sb2S3 as a sintering aid was a 5-time decrease in electrical mobility. Power conversion efficiencies of our devices with sintered CIGSe as an absorber layer were evaluated.
Research on XX Fe Based Alloy Prepared by Air Induction Melting
Authors: Zhang Xiao Li , Xu Ai Fen , Chen Xiao Fan , Li Ruo Lei , Yang Chun Yan
Published: March 2013

The production cost of amorphous alloys by vacuum induction melting (VIM) was very high. In order to reduce the cost, in this paper, alloys were prepared in alkaline crucible protected with different slags by Air induction melting (AIM). The comparison was found out between VTM and ATM in the research by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDS, etc. Experimental results showed that Fe-Si-B alloys can be prepared by AIM with economic and technical feasibility.
Multi-Criteria Analysis of Material Compositions of External Walls
Authors: Čuláková Monika , Vilčeková Silvia , Kridlova-Burdova Eva , Katunská Jana
Published: March 2013

Intensity of building development increases by growing population and their requirements on living. Buildings belong to the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gases emitters. Current energy strategy of European Union is focused especially on reduction of operational energy of buildings. Although operational energy participates the highest proportion in total energy consumption over whole life cycle of building, it is important to take into account embodied energy. Values of embodied energy and associated emissions grow by improving energy quality of building envelope by using extra components and insulation materials. This paper demonstrates significance of correct selection of materials in order to environmental and energy optimalization of building structures. The designed material compositions of external wall alternatives are evaluated by methodology LCA and also in the view of impact on future energy consumption though thermal-physical parameters. Results of assessments are compared by multi-criteria decision analysis. The optimized alternative achieves very low embodied energy (218 MJ/m2) and high reduction of embodied CO2 (-114 kg CO2eq/m2).
Effects of Material Properties for Non-Equilibrium Conditions in Induction Heating Process
Authors: Barka Noureddine , Ouafi Abderrazak El , Bocher Philippe , Brousseau Jean
Published: March 2013

As the induction heating is very fast, it is reasonable to assume that the material properties are different from those measured under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. For this reason, this study attempts to measure the effect of material properties variations on the surface temperature using the 2D axisymmetric model. The results show that the relative magnetic permeability is the property that most significantly influences surface temperatures and the hardness profile. The effects of specific heat and electrical conductivity are rather low, while the thermal conductivity has a negligible effect on the model developed. Moreover, the variation ofaustenitizingtemperature of margins has limited effects on the developed model. Therefore, the use of material properties at thermodynamic equilibrium was sufficient to establish models able to predict trends.
Synthesis of Carbon Black/Platinum Composite Materials as Catalytic Electrodes Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Kalnaowakun Phuri , Srimuangmak Kittirong , Niyomwas Sutham
Published: March 2013

In this study, the composite of carbon black with platinum nanoparticles (CB/Pt) have been synthesized and formed colloidal solution for coating onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glasses by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The effects of applied voltage (5V, 10V, 15V) and different time were investigated. The CB/Pt coated on FTO glasses hold promise in applications such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The result coating were characterized in term of chemical composition (XRD) and microstructure and phase distribution (SEM) combine with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and TEM analyses.
Effect of Montmorillonite Content on Nucleation of Polypropylene
Authors: Saravari Onusa , Srisuwan Phanitnan , Kerddonfag Noppadon , Chinsirikul Wannee
Published: March 2013

In this article, the effect of montmorillonite (MMT) concentration on the nucleation of polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The PP/MMT nanocomposites containing various content of MMT (0.075-3.0 wt%) were prepared by a melt blending process using an internal mixer, followed by compression molding into sheets. The nucleation effect of MMT was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. XRD results indicated that the PP nanocomposites loaded with less than 1.5 wt% of MMT formed an exfoliated structure. DSC results showed that the crystallization temperature (Tc) of PP/MMT nanocomposites were higher than that of neat PP. Tc also increased with increasing MMT content, indicating that MMT was effective in nucleating PP crystal. WAXD patterns revealed that the addition of MMT did not affect the crystal structure of PP. Mechanical property tests showed that the tensile and impact strengths of the PP/MMT nanocomposites were better than those of neat PP when the MMT content was lower than 1.5 wt%.
Sub-Terahertz Quasi-Optical Reflectometer for CFRP Surface Inspection
Authors: Bezborodov V.I. , Kiseliov V.K. , Kuleshov Y.M. , Nesterov P.K. , Mizrakhi S.V. , Sherbatko I.V. , Yanovsky M.S.
Published: March 2013

Quasioptical reflectometer based on hollow dielectric beamguide (HDB), terahertz beamguide components and elements has been developed. The reflectometer has been analyzed in terms of its application for nondestructive method for surface and subsurface contamination of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). Sub-terahertz (0.1…0.2 THz) measurement results of CFRP samples with different surface contaminations are presented.
Morphology of TiC Reinforced Ni-Cr-Mo Composite Coatings Prepared by CO2 Laser
Authors: Yang Guang , Liu Zong De , Wang Yong Tian , Yang Rong Juan
Published: March 2013

Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was applied to fabricate TiC reinforced composite coatings. Different microstructures of ceramic phases were observed by SEM. The main phases of coatings were detected by XRD, while the individual one was examined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis .The effect of composition of binder phases on morphology was explained by the ratio of the temperature gradient in front of the liquid/ solid interface to the growth rate.
Catalytic Dechlorination of Monochloroacetic Acid by Film–Supported Pd/Fe Bimetallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Xia Zhi , Liu Hui Ling , Wang Shan , Meng Zhao Hong
Published: March 2013

Three novel kinds of support film, including PVDF-PAA film, PVDF·TiO2–PAA film and PVDF–g–AA film, were synthesized and used to immobilize the Pd/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs). The immobilized Pd/Fe bimetallic NPs systems were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The dechlorination efficiency of the immobilized bimetallic NPs systems were tested and discussed by dechlorinating monochloroacetic acid (MCAA). Comparing with free suspended Pd/Fe NPs, bimetallic NPs with support films appeared better catalytic dechlorination efficiency, and the dechlorination efficiencies of 10 mg/L MCAA in 120 min by Pd/Fe NPs immobilized in PVDF–PAA film, PVDF·TiO2–PAA film and PVDF–g–AA film were 56.33%, 71.01% and 75.51%, respectively.
Synthesis and Field Emission Properties of Diamond Microcrystalline-Aggregate Array
Authors: Gao Jin Hai , Zhang Wu Qing , Li Zhen
Published: March 2013

The diamond microcrystalline-aggregate array was fabricated by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method. The ceramic with a Ti mental layer is used as substrate. The diamond array was evaluated by Raman scattering spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The field emission properties were tested by using a diode structure in a vacuum. A phosphor-coated indium tin oxide (ITO) anode was used for observing and characterizing the field emission. It was found that the diamond microcrystalline-aggregate array exhibited better electron emission properties. The turn-on field is only 1.1V/μm and a emission current density as high as 1mA/cm2 was obtained under an applied field of 3.3V/μm. The good field emission properties of the diamond microcrystalline-aggregate array are discussed relating to microstructure and electrical conductivity.
Preparation and Visible Light Activity of Co-Doped Mesoporous TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: Han Yi Dan , Di Lan Bo , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiu Ling
Published: March 2013

Co-doped mesoporous TiO2photocatalyst was successfully prepared by an ionic liquid modified sol-gel method from TBOT and Co(NO3)2·6H2O. The Co-doped mesoporous TiO2samples were characterized by TG-DSC, XRD, XPS, BET, UV-Vis and TEM, respectively. TG-DSC and XRD results showed that the mesoporous TiO2samples exhibited high thermal stability, and the samples calcined at 650 oC indicated well-crystallized anatase structure. XPS spectra proved the Co3O4structure of Co in Co-doped mesoporous samples. Large specific surface area was shown from the BET analysis, and the largest specific surface area was obtained when the Co-doping amount was 0.3%. UV-Vis DRS spectra showed that all of the samples exhibited obvious absorption in the visible light range. Photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by photodegradation of MB under visible light (λ>420 nm). Co-doped mesoporous TiO2exhibited high photocatalytic activity for MB oxidation, and the 0.3% Co/TiO2sample showed the highest visible light activity.
Preparation of Biodegradable Polymer Blended of Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Cellulose Acetate Films in the Solvent Mixture
Authors: Witthayaprapakorn C. , Thananukul K. , Suttenun N. , Punyamoonwongsa P. , Molloy Robert
Published: March 2013

Nowadays, bio-plastic is the most popular in packaging field. Green chemistry and environmental responsibility has led it to develop the bio-plastic for use as packaging. Polylactic acid (PLA) is the well known staring material in this area. However, some properties of PLA films have to develop. Polymer blend is the interesting technique, in this work, PLA/Cellulose acetate (CA) blend films were prepare by casting solution at various compositions. Mixing solvent of Chloroform and acetone in acid condition were used, it was found that the mixing solvent can improved the compatibility and mechanical properties of the blend films. From this work CA can significantly increase PLA properties both the usefulness and the possible applications for bio-plastic material.
Experimental Study of the Seepage Deformation of Cement-Soil
Authors: Zhu Chong Hui , Wang Zeng Hong
Published: March 2013

Cement-soil is a kind of hydraulic composite building materials which is made by a certain percentage of cement soil particles and water. In order to make a deep research of seepage deformation and the variation law of cement-soil, laboratory test methods were adopted, carrying on deformation tests of indoor penetration on dry density, cement content and age etc, the factors owning outstanding effect on the seepage deformation and failure of cement-soil. The results shows that the seepage deformation and failure appear to change in certain laws with dry density, cement content and age. The gradient of seepage deformation and failure can reach one thousand under the condition that cement percentage is 5%, compaction maximum dry density is standard, and the age is 7 days. And numerical value will be enhanced significantly with the increase of cement content, dry density and the prolong of age. The seepage deformation and failure of cement-soil is not ordinary piping effect or soil-flow failure, but the form of shearing failure. The conclusion has not only a positive exploration significance of the academic research of the seepage deformation and failure of cement-soil, but also a certain practical significance on the geotechnical construction applying cement soil as impermeability.
Laser Cladding of TiN-Based Coating on 00Cr13Ni4Mo Hydro Turbine Blade Stainless Steel for Improvement of Wear Resistance
Authors: Huang Kai Jin , Wang Yu Yue
Published: March 2013

To improve the wear propery of 00Cr13Ni4Mo hydro turbine blade stainless steel, TiN-based coating was fabricated on 00Cr13Ni4Mo stainless steel by laser cladding using mixed powders of Ni60 and TiN. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The wear behaviour of the coating was also investigated. The wear resistance of the coating was evaluated under dry sliding wear condition at room temperature. The results show that the coating mainly consists of Ni-based solid solution and TiN phases. The coating exhibits excellent wear resistance due to its high hardness of TiN phase. The main wear mechanisms of the coating and the 00Cr13Ni4Mo sample are different, the former is abrasive wear and the latter is adhesive wear.
Fluorescence Determination of ClO2 with CdTe Dots
Authors: Liu Qing Ye , Liang Ai Hui , Tan Mao Ning , Wu Bao Ling
Published: March 2013

In pH 8.0-9.1 NH4Cl-NH3buffer solutions, the CdTe dots in different size appear fluorescence peak at 632 nm-748 nm. Upon addition of ClO2, the fluorescence peak quenched linearly. The quenching fluorescence intensity is linear to the ClO2concentration. Thus, a sensitive and simple fluorescence method was proposed for the determination of ClO2in water sample.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of 30Si2MnCrMoV Welded Joint
Authors: Wang Q. , Qi C.L. , Sun D.L. , Han X.L. , Wang D.Q.
Published: March 2013

The effect of different heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical property of 30Si2MnCrMoV steel weld specimen was studied in this paper．A stress relieving annealing on the specimen was carried out immediately after welding. And then two heat treatments were carried out on the specimen. Observation results showed that the original microstructure of 30Si2MnCrMoV welded joints was granular pearlite and the microstructure of weld bead was coarse martensite. Lots of tempered martensite exited in the weld specimen under quenching-tempering heat treatment, the carbide was coarse and the content of retained austenite was little. Under Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) heat treatment, the content of retained austenite increased to 7% and a small number of coarse carbides existed. The determination of mechanical properties showed that, comparing with quenching-tempering process, the plasticity and toughness of weld specimen treated by Q&P was enhanced significantly, the percentage elongation increased 30%, the impact energy increased 25% ,the intensity reduced little and comprehensive mechanical property was excellent. The tensile fracture of 30Si2MnCrMoV steel under Q&P presented dimples. The retained austenite which exited along the lath boundaries of lath martensite was the main reason of the reduction of secondary cracks and the improvement of plasticity and toughness.
Effects of Surface Roughness and Chemical Species on Hydrophilicity of Anodized Film on Ti-6Al-4V Formed at a Low Current Density
Authors: Whangdee Phanawan , Chukasorn Siritida , Srimaneepong Viritpon , Watanabe Tomoaki , Kashima Dujreutai Pongkao
Published: March 2013

Anodization of Ti-6Al-4V is crucial for dental implants because it promotes the roughness, chemical species and hydrophilicity of the surface that leads to its biocompatibility. The anodized film was prepared by the galvanostatic method at a low current density in either 1 M H3PO4 or 1 M NaOH as the electrolyte. The as-anodized film showed a significant decrease in the water contact angle, likely to be due to an increased surface roughness (as revealed by scanning electron and atomic force microcopy) and change in the surface species (as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS). XPS analyses confirmed that the Ti2p spectra scarcely changed while the O1s spectra significantly changed due to Ti-OH bonding. Moreover, the O/Ti ratio of the as-anodized film was increased. The results suggest that anodization by the galvanostatic method at a low current density in 1 M H3PO4 or 1 M NaOH could enhance the surface roughness and chemical surface species, and that both are likely to be important factors for enhancing the hydrophilicity of the anodized films.
The Research of Compressor Oil Used on Filling Supercritical Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Lu Zhao Xia , Tian Zong Yi , Xiao You Cheng , Li Sheng , Tang Cai Zhen , Lan Ming Xin , Liang Hui , Huang Fu Chuan
Published: March 2013

According to compressor working conditions and compressor lubrication performance requirements in this paper. It use a polyether and dioctyl sebacate as the base oil, and adding a variety of functions of composite additive deployment, Develop a kind of a compressor oil used on compressing and filling sulphur dioxide (SO2) in the supercritical condition. Experiments show that the developed compressor oil not only meets the performance requirements of compress and filling SO2 in supercritical condition, but also has a very strong adaptability condition.
A Kw-Scale Integrated System for On-Demand Hydrogen Generation Using NaBH4 Solution and a Low-Cost Catalyst
Authors: Pashaie Pouya , Shakeri Mohsen , Miremadeddin Reza
Published: March 2013

Among several hydrogen storage methods for application in fuel cells, on-board hydrogen generation using sodium borohydride (NaBH4; a chemical hydride) for application in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells can be considered as a low-weight method for portable applications. In this paper, an integrated continuous-flow system for on-demand hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis reaction of the NaBH4 solution in the presence of a low-cost catalyst is proposed. By using the prepared non-noble Co(NO3)2 on porous alpha-alumina support, as catalyst, the cost of the catalyst has cut down considerably. Up to 15 SLPM high-purity hydrogen gas is expected to be generated by this system to supply to a 1 kW-scale proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack (H2-air, 40% efﬁciency).
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Analcime from Local Pottery Stone
Authors: Larpkasemsuk Amnouy , Chuayjuljit Saowaroj , Kornpanom Wirapong , Kashima Dujreutai Pongkao
Published: March 2013

In this study, local pottery stone (PTS) was hydrothermal treated with 2 M of NaOH at different reaction temperatures (60, 80 and 120°C) and times (8, 12 and 24 h) in a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave in order to synthesize analcime fine powders. All the as-prepared samples were characterized for their phase composition and morphology using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results showed that under the conditions investigated, pure analcime could be obtained only at 120°C for all synthesis durations. The analcime microcrystalline particles exhibit isometric trapezohedron or deltoidal icositetrahedron morphology with narrow size distribution from 8 to 14 µm.
Design of the Tool for End Electrical Discharge Milling and Mechanical Grinding Compound Machining of Engineering Ceramics
Authors: Ji Ren Jie , Liu Yong Hong , Zheng Chao , Wang Fei , Zhang Yan Zhen
Published: March 2013

Advanced engineering ceramics have been widely used in modern industry due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, they are difficult to machine due to their high hardness and brittleness. End electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding compound machining method is employed to machine SiC ceramic in this paper. The process is able to effectively machine a large surface area on SiC ceramic. Furthermore, the tool for the compound machining of SiC ceramic is designed based on the goal of the higher material removal rate, the lower tool wear, and the better machined surface quality. The results show that with the designed tool for the compound machining, the higher material removal rate, the lower tool wear, and the better machined surface quality can be obtained.
Experimental Study on GH3536 Surface Discharge Mark Diameter of EDG
Authors: Gao Ji , Wang Di , Sun Yao
Published: March 2013

This article using the method of orthogonal test analysis the law of honeycomb ring part in aero-engineer surface discharge mark diameter by EDG. In the impulse voltage under certain conditions,by changing the peak current and pulse width in the interelectrode study both of the impact of the largest diameter of GH3536 surface discharge mark, and build a mathematical model of the regression equation, derive relatively accurate empirical formula. Provide a good reference and guidance for the actual production of the EDG.
The Crack-Tip Higher Order Field of Power-Law FGMs Plates with Reissner’s Effect for Crack Parallel to Material Property Gradient
Authors: Dai Yao , Liu Jun Feng , Chong Xiao , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2013

Reissner’s plate bending fracture theory with consideration of transverse shear deformation effects is adopted for the crack problem of power-law functionally graded materials (FGMs) plates. Assume that the crack is parallel to the material property gradient. By applying the asymptotic expansion method, the crack-tip higher order asymptotic fields which are similar to Williams’ solutions of homogeneous materials are obtained.
The Higher Order Crack Tip Fields for Physical Weak-- Discontinuous Crack of FGM Plate with Reissner’s Effect
Authors: Dai Yao , Chong Xiao
Published: March 2013

The physical weak-discontinuous problem of an interfacial crack between homogeneous material and functionally graded materials (FGMs) is studied based on Reissner’s plates considering transverse shear deformation effect. The crack-tip higher order asymptotic fields of homogeneous materials and FGMs regions are obtained by the asymptotic expansion method, respectively. Finally, the whole crack tip high order fields are assembled and given. The results provide a theoretical basis for solving interfacial crack problems of FGMs plates and their engineering application.
Thermal Field Analysis of Matrix Heating System on Thermoforming Machine
Authors: Situ Chun Hui , Luo Qing Qing , Mei Tao , Zhuang Jiang
Published: March 2013

Thermoforming machine plays a very important role in industrial production, food packaging and other industries. In traditional thermoforming machine, highest temperature often appears in the center of the heating zone, and gradually reduces from the middle to both sides. It results in uneven heating, reducing the rate of finished products and a waste of resources. According to the finite element method, this article established the thermal field model of matrix heating system in thermoforming machine and simulated the temperature distribution of plastic in heating system under the conditions of “uniform heating” and “non-uniform heating” separately. It found that under the condition of “non-uniform heating”, the temperature distribution appeared uniform. The temperature of main region to be heated appeared approximately linear distribution, with the variation range of less than 5 °C, resulted in better effect than that under the condition of “uniform heating”
Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids near a Rotating Disk
Authors: Liu I Chung , Wang Hung Hsun , Liu Chia Nan
Published: March 2013

The study of boundary layer flow and heat transfer near a rotating disk with nanofluids is investigated numerically. Three types of nanoparticles, namely, silver Ag, copper Cu and alumina Al2O3with water as the base fluid are considered. The results show that the momentum boundary layer thicknesses shortens as the nanoparticle volume fraction increases, whereas thermal boundary layer thickness elongates for increasing ϕ. It is found that the reduced skin-friction coefficients and heat transfer rateat the rotating surface increase linearly with nanoparticle volume fractionϕ. The surface heat transfer rate for Cu-water nanofluid is higher than those of the otherswhen ϕ>0.02, even though the nanoparticle Ag has higher thermal conductivity than that of copper Cu.
Temperature Evolution in High Frequency Mechanical Loading
Authors: Minhas Zill-e Hasnain , Qin Sun
Published: March 2013

A generic heat generation equation with the heat transfer has been developed for pure mechanical loading. Frequency dependent temperature field can be obtained on a specimen subjected to pure mechanical, cyclic or non-cyclic loading. Results have been compared with the literature and a good agreement has been found with the experimental results. Applications and effectiveness of the equation is highlighted in predicting the fatigue damage in case of high cyclic or vibration fatigue.
Purifying Effects of Nitrogen in Wangyu River Water through Natural Wetlands
Authors: Ren Ling Xiao , Wang Pei Fang , Li Li Na , Qian Jin , Hou Jun
Published: March 2013

In order to study the purifying effects and influences on nitrogen caused by natural riparian wetlands in the river course, Cao Lake and Ezhen Lake in Wangyu River were selected as the main research regions. Samplings in the transfer period with a large flow in May, 2010 were taken in the sites over the whole wetland area and along the main river course, respectively. Observations on the physicochemical indexes such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), turbidity, suspended solid(SS), total nitrogen (TN), total dissolved nitrogen(DTN), ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were performed to analyze the concentration and chemical forms variations, regional difference of nitrogen nutrient in the river water column. Results are showed as follows: (1) As the water flowed through Cao Lake and Ezhen Lake, the TN、DTN and nitrate showed a trend of descending (descending proportion: 10.45%, 17.85%, 7.62% in Ehen Lake, 9.09%, 7.17%, 7.60% in Cao Lake). The overall removal effects of nitrogen in Ezhen Lake was better than that in Cao Lake, but the retaining effect of ammonia in Cao Lake was better than that in Ezhen Lake. (2) The nitrogen existed in the water mainly in the forms of DTN and the rates on TN were 88.0% and 91.4%, respectively, higher than that of particle nitrogen, but the rates would decrease for the sedimentation of particle nitrogen in the vertical distribution.(3) Water temperature, pH and DO were the dominant factors that affected the purifying effects of nitrogen in the riparian areas. The research showed the obvious retaining effects of nitrogen and evident influences on the nutrients forms variations in the river water column. The results could provide theoretical foundation and technical support for nitrogen purification in the river course.
Time-Frequency Analysis Combining Wavelets and the Envelope Technique for Fault Identification in Rotary Machines
Authors: de Oliveira Rafael José Gomes , Gonçalves Valdeci Donizete , de Medeiros Everton Coelho , Mathias Mauro Hugo
Published: March 2013

Nowadays the method based on demodulation by envelope finds wide application in industry as a technique for evaluation of bearings and other components in rotating machinery. In recent years the application of Wavelets for fault diagnosis in machinery has also obtained good development. This article demonstrates the effectiveness of the combined application of Wavelets and envelope technique (also known as HFRT High-Frequency Resonance Technique) to remove background noise from signals collected from defect bearings and identification of the characteristic frequencies of defects. A comparison of the results obtained with the isolated application of only one method against the combined technique is performed showing the increased capacity in detection of faults in rolling bearings.
Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Particulate Morphology from a Diesel Engine
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Xiao Dong , Sun Rui , Sun Jian Wei , Han Wei
Published: March 2013

The effects of EGR operating mode on particulate morphology were investigated for a 5.79-liter diesel engine which was equipped with a turbocharged and inter-cooled air induction system, a common-rail direct fuel injection system, and an EGR system. Morphological characteristics, such as primary particle size, number concentration and aggregate particle size were investigated by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis and a electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) under engine operating conditions of 0.41 in fuel/air ratio at different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate from 0～35%. The experimental results indicated that primary particle were in the range of 17.05nm～18.34nm, which increased with increased EGR rate. As EGR rate increased, aggregate particle size were measured in a narrow range from 120nm to 170nm.
Performance Study of Cooling Pads
Authors: Niyomvas Banyat , Potakarat Bunjerd
Published: March 2013

The efficiency of an evaporative cooler on different cooling pads have been studied. Two type of cooling pads made of a curtain fabric and a raw cotton fabric were comparatively studied. The effect of blower speeds at 725, 1015 and 1450 RPM and water flow rate of 26.9 liters per minute were investigated. The results showed that an average of the different temperature between inlet and outlet were 2.9 oC and 1.7 oC for a curtain fabric and a raw cotton fabric, respectively. Saturation efficiency of the cooling pads made of a curtain fabric was in the ranges of 46.3 to 61.3% or represents an average of 54.8%, and 29.7 to 39.2% or represents an average of 33.2% for a raw cotton fabric.
Research on Port Construction Technique after Water Storage of the Three Gorges Project
Authors: Liu Ming Wei , Liang Hao , Zhang Xiao Long , Chen Yu
Published: March 2013

With the Three Gorges reservoir built up, the water level rises sharply and the low construction water level in dry season does not exist. The relatively low water level is in draw-off period and building port faces long time of deep water level and precipitous fluctuation of water level in flood period. There are huge quantities under water. The construction period of low water level is short and the height of water level is up to 30 meters. Port construction is more difficult and complex at the Three Gorge reservoir region. This paper aims at these situations and puts forward the port constructing technique in deep water areas. It will provide guidance and reference in wharf construction.
Bilayer Structure Based Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor for Formaldehyde Detection
Authors: Ying Zhi Hua , Hu Jia , Wu Cong Ping , Yang Yi Qing , Zheng Liang , Song Kai Xin
Published: March 2013

This study contributes to the measurements of formaldehyde at room temperature. A bilayer structure based surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor has been fabricated and experimentally studied. The coating materials carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and poly (4-vinylphenol) (P4VP) were deposited by a spray-painting method onto SAW sensors configured as 433.92MHz two-port resonator-based oscillators. The results display high sensitivity and entirely reversibility. The response and recovery times of the bilayer structure are very short, and the response values are obviously greater than plus of the two single layers. Some sensing mechanisms between analytes and the bilayer structure SAW sensor will be discussed preliminarily.
Thickness Dependent Structural and Optical Properties of Cadmium Selenide Thin Films
Authors: Jani M.S. , Patel H.S. , Rathod J.R. , Patel K.D. , Pathak V.M. , Srivastava R.
Published: March 2013

In this paper structural and optical properties of CdSe thin films with different thickness deposited by thermal evaporation under vacuum onto glass substrates are presented. The structural investigations performed by means of XRD technique showed that the films have a polycrystalline and hexagonal (würtzite) structure. The values of some important parameters of the studied films (absorption coefficient and optical bandgap energy) are determined from transmission spectra. The values of the optical bandgap energy (Eg) calculated from the absorption spectra, ranged between 1.67 - 1.74 eV.
Electrical Property of Transparent Thin Films TiO2 and Sr-Doped TiO2 Developed by Spin Coating
Authors: Mangrola M.H. , Pillai A.S. , Parmar B.H. , Joshi V.G.
Published: March 2013

Transparent thin film of pure TiO2and 3% Sr-doped TiO2(Ti0.97Sr0.03O2) were prepared by spin coating technique onto well-cleaned glass substrate. The dielectric behaviour of the films were studied at room temperature for different frequencies. The capacitance of both films were is found to decrease with increasing frequency and at higher frequencies capacitance becomes constant. AC conductivity is found to continuously increase with increase in the frequency. At high frequency it doesnt show any change and remains almost constant.
First-Principles Calculations of the Structural, Electronic, Optical and Mechanical Properties of CdS, CdSe and CdTe
Authors: Sharma Sheetal , Verma Ajay Singh
Published: March 2013

The structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties of zinc-blende compounds (CdX, X = S, Se and Te), were studied using full-potential augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method (FP-LAPW+ lo) within density functional theory, using generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Geometrical optimization of the unit cell (lattice constant, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative) is in good agreement with experimental data. Results for band structures, density of states, and elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44) are presented. We also report our results on optical properties like the complex dielectric functions and the refractive index (n) of these compounds. Our results are in reasonable agreement with the available theoretical and experimental data.
Study of Photoelectrochemical Solar Cell Using WSe2 Crystal
Authors: Parmar Ripal , Sahay Dipak , Pathak R.J. , Shah R.K.
Published: March 2013

The solar cells have been used as most promising device to convert light energy into electrical energy. In this paper authors have attempted to fabricate Photoelectrochemical solar cell with semiconductor electrode using TMDCs. The Photoelectrochemical solar cells are the solar cells which convert the solar energy into electrical energy. The photoelectrochemical cells are clean and inexhaustible sources of energy. The photoelectrochemical solar cells are fabricated using WSe2crystal and electrolyte solution of 0.025M I2, 0.5M NaI, 0.5M Na2SO4. Here the WSe2crystals were grown by direct vapour transport technique. In our investigations the solar cell parameters like short circuit current (Isc) and Open circuit voltage (Voc) were measured and from that Fill factor (F.F.) and photoconversion efficiency (η) are investigated. The results obtained shows that the value of efficiency and fill factor of solar cell varies with the illumination intensities.
A First Principles Study of Thermal Properties of Yb-Pnictides (YbX, X= N, P and As) Compounds
Authors: Soni Himadri R. , Jha Prafulla K.
Published: March 2013

Using first principles density functional theoretical calculations within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the present paper reports thermal properties such as constant volume lattice specific heat, Gibbs free energy, internal energy, and entropy of Yb-pnictides such as YbN, YbP and YbAs in its rocksalt phase. The variation of lattice specific heat with temperature obeys the classical Dulong-Petits law at high temperature while at low temperature it obeys Debye T3 law. The internal energy, entropy and free energy show a gradual variation with temperature. The specific heat at constant volume at lower temperature increases as going from N to P to As. *Corresponding author Email: pkj@bhavuni.edu, prafullaj@yahoo.com Telephone: +91-278-2422650 Fax: +91-278-2426706