bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State support for tourism clusters in green tourism
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Nianko Viktoriia , Chesnokova Zhanna , Dolmatova Lyudmila , Tkachenko Anna
Published: July 2021

Among the main areas that can improve rural infrastructure and change the economic and social situation in rural areas is green tourism. In many countries of the world, there is a tendency to increase the interest of citizens in recreation in rural areas. Tourists are attracted by the organic foods and a rural way of life.

However, in regions with active tourist activity, there are often many problems associated with causing damage to the environment. The desire to get the maximum profit can bring irreversible damage to nature.

Green tourism, in our opinion, requires coordination and regulation by state regulatory bodies. However, in our opinion, this should not hinder the entrepreneurial initiative.

In our opinion, state intervention is appropriate only when the interests of society and the industry require it. It is necessary to provide freedom of activity to the subjects of tourist activity in compliance with strict regulations.
Development of the standard of quality of life in rural areas in the system of institutional building of the internal environment of the regional economy
Authors: Ostapenko Elena
Published: July 2021

Quality of life in rural areas as the main goal of rural development and regulation of this process by the state is the compliance of the standard of living of rural residents with state social standards in the sphere of material, social and cultural benefits provided to the population. In this regard, the standard of living in rural areas can be viewed through the prism of compliance with statistically measurable indicators reflecting the fulfillment of standards of living of rural residents. As a result of the analysis of existing approaches, the concept of sustainable development, which aims to improve the quality of life of the population, was chosen as the basic concept. To achieve the goal defined in the Concept of Sustainable Development, it is necessary to develop a Standard of Quality of Life, which would enshrine a set of necessary services for each rural resident, regardless of income, social status, health and age. The standard provides the functioning of the system of rules, creates a model of the quality of life in rural areas. The standard of the quality of life in rural areas should be considered as a system of minimum normative values, on the basis of which it is possible to make comparisons with other objects. The article proposes a methodology for the formation of a variable standard of quality of life in rural areas.
Economic mechanism of the region breeding service activity
Authors: Titorenko Konstantin , Zhichkin Kirill
Published: July 2021

The article examines the concept and elements of the economic mechanism of breeding in the region. The main goal of this work is to determine the features of the economic mechanism of the breeding service in the region for its further optimization. At the same time, the following tasks are being solved: - to reveal the features of the economic mechanism of the breeding service of the region; - to determine the main factors influencing the activities of the breeding service in the region; - to analyze the effectiveness of state support for the breeding service of the region. We note that the technologies of cattle reproduction using the method of artificial insemination with sexed semen and the method of embryo transfer in agricultural enterprises in practice have proven their economic efficiency and high profitability indicators. But to obtain the described results, the source material (sexed seed and embryo), as well as the qualities of the donor and recipient, as well as systematic work in the industry of dairy and beef cattle breeding in the Samara region, are extremely important. Raised cows with high genetic potential, obtained from artificial insemination with sexed semen and embryo transplantation, can then be used as donor cows to obtain embryos and their further transplantation in other agricultural enterprises.
Model of diagnostics of the efficiency of using the resource potential of the agricultural sector economy
Authors: Kholodova Marina
Published: July 2021

The article examines the problem of the effective use of resource potential in agriculture. It is argued that the reasons for increasing the efficiency of resource use at the current stage of development are closely related to the digital transformation of the industry. The aim of the study is to develop a model for diagnosing the efficiency of using the resource potential of the agricultural sector of the economy, which is based on a regional industry approach that takes into account the current trends of large-scale transformations, the driver of which is the dependence on innovation and the rapid penetration of new technologies. The developed integrated territorial-industrial model allows us to link logically occurring structural changes in agriculture associated with digitalization and technical modernization of its sub-sectors, to identify the specifics of the spatial development of the agricultural sector, to determine the vector of effective management decisions. The criteria for identifying the degree of digitalization of economic resources are justified, the main of which is the percentage of: digitalization of agricultural land; employees with an IT specialty; automation and computerization of the management of the main production assets; agricultural machinery provided with the Glonas and GPS system.
Сomparative tests of differentiated fertilizer application for wheat using task cards and nitrogen scanner
Authors: Truflyak E. V. , Kurchenko N. Yu. , Kuryan V. E. , Mones Dadu
Published: July 2021

In the training and experimental farm of the Kuban State Agrarian University Krasnodarskoe from February 19 to July 6, 2020, an experiment was conducted on the comparative analysis of differentiated fertilizer application in on-line and off-line modes. The aim of the experiment was to compare the modes of differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers (first and second top dressing) for winter wheat using task maps and GreenSeeker sensors. The calculation of economic efficiency showed that when using nitrogen scanners, fertilizers are saved on average 16 kg / ha, compared to the mode of creating task maps based on the NDVI index based on satellite data without losing grain yield and quality (gluten content increased by 2.3 %; protein content-0.6 %).
Parameters and modes of the technological process of scattered rice sowing
Authors: Masienko Ivan , Shevchenko Sergey , Glytyan Kirill
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the determination of main parameters and operating modes of scattered centrifugal devices of technical units when using them in the technology with scattered sowing when performing the technological operation of sowing rice in liquid-flexible soil. Theoretical studies of the dependence of design features of the blade of a spreading disk on the number of blades installed on it and the radius of curvature of the end bend on the height of blades are carried out. The values of the diameter of the disk of a centrifugal dispenser and parameters of blades are set, which will increase the uniformity of distribution of seed material for a given width of a gripper and reduce its consumption.
Ecological and economic aspects of optimizing the creation and functioning of drainage systems in accordance with modern requirements
Authors: Rokochinskiy Anatoly , Mazhayskiy Yuri , Volk Pavlo , Koptyuk Roman , Volk Lubov , Chernikova Olga
Published: July 2021

Land reclamation is important in the development of agricultural production for unfavorable climatic conditions. This necessitates the improvement of scientific and methodological approaches to the creation and operation of water management and reclamation facilities, including drainage systems, which are adapted to these changes. Approaches to the type and design of drainage systems based on a combination of a modern progressive optimization approach with the traditional water balance method, hydrodynamic and hydraulic methods are presented. Approaches to the systemic optimization of technological and design solutions for the creation and operation of drainage systems have been determined. It seems that the drainage system is a complex natural and technical ecological and economic system. Finding the general optimum in such a system based on the system optimization consists in substantiating local optima for all its main components of heterogeneous elements in the system effect - mode - technology - design in their interconnection. The practical implementation of a complex of predictive-simulation and optimization calculations in projects for new construction, reconstruction and modernization of drainage systems based on the developed scientific, methodological, information and software can be carried out using the appropriate toolkit, which is CAD and modern BIM technologies. The transition to optimization methods will improve the feasibility and overall technical, technological, environmental and economic efficiency of the creation and operation of water management and reclamation facilities in accordance with modern requirements.
Berry bushes in the landscape architecture of urban megacities
Authors: Hanbabaeva Olga , Kalashnikov Dmitry , Sorokopudov Vladimir , Matsneva Anna
Published: July 2021

Along with traditional and popular berry crops in private gardens, there are few common types and decorative forms. The purpose of the research was to expand the range of ornamental shrubs in the landscaping of large Metropolitan areas and to popularize knowledge about new or little-known types of berry bushes. As a result of studies on the value of the adaptation coefficient, the studied shrub species were divided into three groups according to the degree of prospects. The most promising group consisting of 65% of samples was the first, whose representatives were characterized by high winter hardiness and the ability to complete seed propagation, decorative. The average prospective second group includes 20 % of the studied samples. This includes plants that remain decorative during the growing season, are able to reproduce by seeds, but they are less promising than the representatives of the 1st group, due to the inability to maintain decorativeness in the growing season and do not give offspring by self–seeding. The third group, which was not promising, included 15 % of samples. Species of shrubs belonging to this group are quite hardy, have the ability to seed propagation.
Biological features of growing tomatoes in closed agroecosystems
Authors: Vershinina Oksana , Knyazeva Inna , Gudimo Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Researches were conducted in 2019-2020 in the department of closed artificial agroecosystems for plant growing on the basis of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM”, Moscow. The object of the study was the seeds of tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum L. The aim of the research was to study the effect of a biostimulant (succinic acid) on biological characteristics and productivity of Solanum lycopersicum L. grown in the substrate hydroponics of a climatic chamber. As a result of conducted researches, there was identified the most effective method of using succinic acid as a biostimulator – inoculation of seeds, which contributed to an increase in yield with a significant rise in relation to the control – 64.1%. The average fruit weight in this variant was 114.1 g, which exceeds the control by 37.0%. The complex application of the biostimulator provided an increase in the average fruit weight in 18.6%, the addition of hydroponics to the nutrient solution is 4.1%.
Results of growing parsley using aquaponics method
Authors: Yurin Denis , Yurina Natalya , Arutyunova Gayanje , Maxim Ekaterina , Khorin Boris
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of experiments on the use of the aquaponics method. Aquatic animals release products toxic to them themselves: nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium compounds, carbon dioxide. The accumulation of these substances in water is the main problem as in closed industrial aquaculture. The same substances are absolutely necessary in hydroponics and they are added to water to obtain nutrient solutions for plants. Given that environmentally friendly products are increasingly popular and demand for them is constantly growing, there are prospects for introducing this innovation in the southern regions of Russia. Due to an increase in parsley yields in the aquaponic plant by 7.3%, an additional profit was received 4.8 rubles from 1 square meters.
Phenotypic evaluation of DH-lines developed on the base of rice samples with blast resistance genes
Authors: Savenko E. G. , Mukhina Zh. M. , Glazyrina V. A. , Korotenko T. L. , Garkusha S. V.
Published: July 2021

Gametoclonal changes are an additional source of genetic variation suitable for use in crop improvement programs for a range of agronomic traits. The aim of the study was to accelerate development of genetically stable DH rice lines with high morphological and genetic uniformity by the method of experimental haploidy in vitro based on breeding valuable samples with specified characteristics and carrying genes of a wide spectrum of blast resistance, as well as samples with racespecific genes for resistance to the pathogen, and subsequent assessment of agronomic traits of androgenic lines. The data on the callusogenic and regenerative capacity of 30 genotypes of domestic rice and samples of Chinese introduction with genes for blast resistance in anther culture in vitro are presented. Genetically stable (homozygous) androgenic lines were developed on the basis of these breeding valuable samples. The characteristics of economic and biological traits and elements of panicle productivity of 30 DH-line developed from three samples with blast resistance genes are given. The variability of traits arising as a result of gametoclonal variability in androgenic lines was noted for such traits as plant height, panicle length, blast resistance, and weight of 1000 grains.
Cyto-histological aspects of haploid androgenesis when obtaining haploids/doubled haploids in rice (Oryza Sativa l.) anther culture in vitro
Authors: Savenko E. G. , Mukhina Zh. M. , Glazyrina V. A. , Shundrina L. A.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to study the development of rice microspores in anther culture in vitro, study the structure of androclinic callus to identify cyto-embryological features of the formation of morphogenic structures in anther culture, obtain doubled rice haploids (Oryza sativa L.) and accelerate the development of valuable breeding material with desired properties. Within the framework of this study, the results of a cyto-histological study of rice haploid androgenesis in vitro were obtained, which indicate that it is induced under the influence of phytohormones from rice anther microspores at the mononuclear or early binuclear stage of development. The abnormal development of microspores on nutrient media with phytohormone 2,4-D was traced, in which nuclei, having lost their characteristic functions, acquired the ability to unlimited division and growth with the formation of microcallus. The morphological structure of calli was assessed. The main morphotypes of callus tissues and the pathways of morphogenesis, leading to the formation of androgenic structures, up to full-fledged regenerant plants, were identified. Homozygous androgenic lines based on F1 and BC1 - rice generations obtained in the course of hybridization and backcrossing between Chinese samples carrying blast resistance genes and Russian accessiond were rapidly developed.
Formation of rice plants productivity traits in first generation hybrids and their inheritance
Authors: Chukhir Irina , Chukhir Nikolay , Belik Diana
Published: July 2021

Rice is the oldest and widespread food crop, which is a staple food in many countries such as India, Japan, China, Vietnam. Milled rice has a balanced amino acid composition, excellent taste, is highly digestible and assimilable, it is widely used, in general, and dietary nutrition, and its broth has healing properties. Derivatives produced from cereals are widely used in the textile, perfumery, and medical industries. The straw is used to feed livestock and make household goods. Huge shifts have taken place in recent years in domestic and foreign rice cultivation, varieties of various purposes and uses have been developed and are cultivated, but, despite this, there are still many unsolved urgent problems. The main of these problems is the development of high-yielding varieties, which are greatly influenced by economically important traits: plant height, total and productive tillering, the number of spikelets and grains in a panicle, grain size, mass of 1000 grains, etc. The solution to this problem largely depends on the availability of genetically diverse initial material with a broad response to changes in environmental conditions, its study and correct selection; as well as the identification of new sources of valuable traits and properties, among ecologically distant agroecotypes, which enrich the genetic potential of domestic varieties. In the modern biological science of heredity, there is still the question of the inheritance of quantitative traits. The study of the inheritance of quantitative traits that make up the main elements of the yield structure is one of the most important tasks, the solution of which is necessary to accelerate the breeding process. The inheritance of any trait is often determined by researchers by the value of the dominance coefficient [7].
On the problem of grain damage in the form of dark spots in field conditions when cultivating rice in Krasnodar region
Authors: Tumanyan Natalia , Kumeiko Tatyana , Garkusha Sergey
Published: July 2021

The analysis of grain damage in the form of dark spots of Russian rice varieties grown in Krasnodar region in 2011-2020 has been carried out. Rice grain was damaged during the filling period, mainly in full ripeness. The high degree of damage was the reason for the deterioration of grain quality. The degree of damage varied over the years. 2011 and 2012 were characterized by a high content of damaged grains (up to 3-20%). The degree of damage to rice grain was different in different agar-landscape zones of Krasnodar region: in the Krasnoarmeysky district it was higher than in the Abinsky. On panicles of variety Rapan without stinkbugs, one caryopsis with damage was found, while on panicles with stinkbugs, their number increased to 12.4-20.3%. In variety Kurazh, damage to caryopses in the form of dark spots on panicles with stinkbugs reached 10.1-19.1%. A significant increase in the degree of damage to rice grain stored in storage began in 2011. In 2011, the content of damaged grains increased by more than 1%, in 2012 it reached 8.3% in the Slavyansky district. Since 2013, the degree of damage to rice grain in the field began to decrease. It is concluded that the damage is associated with the pathogenic effect on the plant and the caryopsis of bug insects with a piercing-sucking mouth apparatus. Damage to caryopses was insignificant in 2015-2020.
Development, evaluation and characteristic of economically valuable traits in new sterile line of tomato for producing hybrids in the South of Russia
Authors: Kozlova Irina , Esaulova Lyubov
Published: July 2021

To meet the needs of the population and commodity producers in southern Russia for tomato fruits, it is necessary to develop hybrids of various purposes, taking into account their increased adaptability to abiotic environmental factors that meet modern production technologies and market requirements, as well as combine high economically valuable traits and an acceptable price for seeds. The use of lines with a sterility trait may reduce labor costs for the production of hybrids and improve their quality. The purpose of these studies was to develop sterile lines of tomato for open ground for various purposes (fresh consumption and processing) and to obtain high-yielding hybrids on their basis. As a result of the research carried out, promising functionally sterile lines of tomato with a number of economically valuable traits have been developed, including large fruit size, productivity, lack of stalk articulation, biochemical parameters and commercial attractiveness of fruits. According to the length of the growing season, all inbred lines were divided into 3 groups: mid-early, mid-season, and mid-late. Further involvement of new sterile lines in the hybridization process as parent components in development of heterotic tomato hybrids resistant to abiotic environmental factors will make it possible to develop hybrids of various purposes for growing in open ground in the soil and climatic conditions of southern Russia.
Economic assessment of grain and ear crops harvesting techniques and technologies in the conditions of the South of Russia
Authors: Kastidi Yury
Published: July 2021

It is statistically proved that in production of grain crops, harvesting is the most labor-and resource-intensive. A comparative technical and economic assessment of technologies for harvesting winter wheat by direct harvesting and combine harvesting was carried out. The calculations performed under the conditions of the model economy of the region proved the economic feasibility of updating the fleet of grain harvesting equipment with machines equipped with combing adapters for harvesting grain crops.
Biotechnological peculiarities of microalgae chlorella production and use in poultry
Authors: Machneva Nadezhda , Gneush Anna , Ivanov Kirill
Published: July 2021

The current paper presents data on the features of biotechnological cultivation of chlorella microalgae strain IFR C-111 on different nutrient media. Evaluation of the influence of the illumination period on the rate of biomass growth on the selected nutrient medium has also been presented. There are materials of microalgae suspension influence the effect on the biological resource’s potential of quails.
Derivation of pesticide aged sorption parameters from laboratory incubation data
Authors: Kolupaeva Victoria
Published: July 2021

The results of the incubation laboratory experiment showed that the decomposition of cyantraniliprole is bi-phasic and the rapid decomposition in the period after the application of the pesticide is accompanied by a subsequent slowdown of this process. The use of the biexponential equation increased the accuracy of the description of the dynamics of decomposition of cyantraniliprole, as evidenced by the static indices. The bi-exponential equation coefficients were used to calculate the parameters of non-equilibrium sorption. The obtained parameters served as input data for the PEARL model. Modelling the migration of cyantraniliprole with considering aged sorption, showed a significant decrease in the predicted concentrations of the pesticide in percolate.
The use of modern bactericidal UV irradiators in poultry houses for broilers
Authors: Saleeva Irina P. , Zhuravchuk Evgeniya V. , Morozov Vitaly Yu. , Kolesnikov Roman O. , Kolesnikova Margarita S. , Zaremskaya Anna A.
Published: July 2021

Increased microbial load in the air of poultry houses for broilers is a serious and urgent problem since it leads to the decreased productivity in broilers and pollution of the open air in the farms and adjacent territories. The use of modern ultraviolet (UV) irradiators for populated poultry houses with floor housing of broilers is proposed as the solution of the problem. A regime for the use of upper-room UV irradiators with amalgam ozone-free bactericidal lamps was developed. The device “Recirculator of ventilated air” (RVA) was developed for the regime of air sanitation using closed UV irradiation. Disinfection of air within the poultry houses with the use of these techniques improved live bodyweight and decreased mortality level in broilers.
Horse breeding of the Kaliningrad region: state and development prospects
Authors: Antunovich Tamara , Verkhoturov Vasily
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the development of horse breeding in the Kaliningrad region. The materials are based on the analysis of the history of development and the current state of the main directions of horse breeding in the Kaliningrad region. The paper presents statistical data on the number of horses of different periods, analyzes historical information and the current state of horse breeding. Breeding achievements, problems and prospects for the development of horse breeding in the Kaliningrad region are discussed within the framework of the state strategy for the development of the industry in the Russian Federation.
Multicriteria Decision Support System for Selecting the Structural and Functional Scheme of a Biogas Plant in the Agro-Industrial Complex
Authors: Lubentsov Valery , Ozhogova Ekaterina , Lubentsova Elena , Shakhray Evgeniy
Published: July 2021

The variants of structural and functional schemes of biogas plants (BP) were investigated to obtain biogas and fertilizers based on the processing of solid organic waste in the agro-industrial complex (AIC). Based on the results of the study of biogas technologies, criteria are proposed for determining the best layout from the expert’s point of view. The systematization of options is given and alternatives are obtained. The method of multicriteria analysis of options based on fuzzy sets was used as a decision-making method. The use of the decision support system to select the best variant of the structural and functional scheme of the biogas plant predetermined the formation of a matrix of paired comparisons of dimension 5x5. To ensure high consistency of preferences associated with the procedure for filling in the matrices of paired comparisons of alternatives according to criteria, the method developed by us has been applied. This reduces the number of inquiries to the decision-maker. The selected structural and functional scheme meets the requirements for the development of typical automation solutions, which contributes to the replication of control systems for the same type of plants.
Lemur Loris Digestive Tract Pathologies (Dissection Study)
Authors: Tkachenko L. V.
Published: July 2021

A necropsy study of the Lemur Lori was carried out. Physiologically, Lemurs have a very sensitive gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, these animals almost keep the lead in the incidence of pathologies of the oral cavity, stomach, and intestines. The study was carried out in the dissection room of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty of the Altai State Agrarian University. The object was the animal corpse of a Lemur Loris: animal species: monkey; gender: female; age: 1.5 years; breed: Loris; the owner is a private zoo; provisional diagnosis: not known. The following methods were used: history taking; postmortem examination according to Shor’s method with a description of the results obtained; photographing; analysis of the data obtained with the help of fact-finding. As a result of the postmortem examination, the following changes were recorded: pulmonary edema, acute congestive hyperemia and emphysema; acute expansion of the right atrium and ventricle of the heart; acute catarrhal-hemorrhagic esophagitis and gastroenteritis; acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis; acute serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis of the mesenteric lymph nodes; liver and kidneys fatty degeneration; cyanosis of the conjunctiva, tunica mucosa of the mouth; obesity. Thus, death occurred as a result of pulmonary arrest (pulmonary edema), which was the result of autointoxication (inflammatory processes in the stomach, intestines, pancreas). The cause of autointoxication is a long-term and major violation of the norms of feeding and maintenance, stress, and presumably a drug that was administered to the animal, namely, an incorrect dose or individual intolerance of its constituent components.
The influence of inulin on the structural and mechanical properties of dough for the gluten-free biscuit
Authors: Krasina Irina , Strelkova Anastasia , Duishenbek Nargiz , Filippova Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

For the production of the low-caloric gluten-free cookies, the fat content was reduced by 50, 60 and 70% in the cookie formula. As the fat level decreased, the hardness of the gluten-free dough increased, and the ejection time of the gluten-free dough rose. The texture analysis showed an increase of the dough hardness. The fat replacing with an equal amount of inulin to some extent reduced the consistency of the dough and its hardness, and its cohesive, elastic and adhesive properties increased. The effect of fat reduction negatively affected the texture of gluten-free cookies. The research showed that the texture of gluten-free cookies is highly dependent on the texture of the gluten-free dough. In addition to the fact that fat is responsible for the dough softness and the cookies crisp texture, it also gives an aroma, taste, mouthfeel and general impression to the finished product. The texture of the cookies improved significantly when the fat was replaced by inulin. Accordingly, the quality indexes of the gluten-free cookies could be significantly improved by the fat replacing with inulin.
Study the properties of a chickpea-based jelly product
Authors: Molchanova Elena , Shipareva Marya , Evmeshkina Tatyana , Isabayev Ismoil
Published: July 2021

The consumption of food products with low consumer properties is the reason for a decrease in a life quality as well as for a number of diseases development among the population. Meanwhile, the annual volume of confectionery production and their consumption is increasing, which requires an expansion of the assortment in this group. A jelly product was developed, using the unusual raw materials chickpeas (Cicer arietinum). During the formulation development the samples with high organoleptic characteristics were obtained. To determine the rheological properties, 1% agar solutions with sucrose content of 25% and with different contents of chickpea puree were examined. Additionally, the effect of the sucrose amount on agar jellies was studied. The samples were 1% agar solutions with different sucrose content. Thus, when developing a formulation with agar, for the desired result it is worth considering the amount of sucrose and chickpea puree, which affect the strength of the agar gel.
The use of a food additive based on Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni components in the production of confectionery
Authors: Lupova Ekaterina , Vinogradov Dmitry
Published: July 2021

The article proposes an analysis of research work on the use of a food additive based on the components of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni plant in the production of a confectionery product. The substitution of sugar with sweetener “Stevioside” in the amount of 10 % and 30 % did not significant-ly affect the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product, however, at 50 % substitution, a mild bitter taste and herbal odor were observed, which was inherent in this sweetener at high concentra-tions. There were also bursts of the biscuit semi-finished product and its greater crumbling at 50 % substitution. According to the results of the work, the production of a roll with 30 % sweetener “Ste-vioside” was the most optimal one. The introduction of a sweetener did not in any way affect such in-dicators as the layer thickness, moisture content, and dry matter content. All of them corresponded to GOST 14621-78. Based on the experiments carried out, it is recommended to substitute sugar with sweetener “Stevioside” in the amount of 30 % when producing “Spring” roll, as this allows to increase the amount of the product produced by reducing the technological process and will increase the level of profitability.
A food ingredient containing phytoecdysteroids and polyphenols from quinoa grain: technology and physiological and biochemical evaluation in vivo
Authors: Petrov Nikita , Biryulina Nadezhda , Sidorova Yuliia , Mazo Vladimir
Published: July 2021

An effective technological approach to produce adaptogenic microingredients is to concentrate plant biologically active substances via sorption on various matrices. The aim was to develop and evaluate in vivo the phytoecdysteroids and flavonoids concentrate extracted from quinoa grain and sorbed on the coagulated chicken egg protein. The consecutive extraction of phytoecdysteroids and flavonoids was conducted followed by sorption on the protein. The in vivo experiment was performed during 37 days using Wistar male rats. The developed concentrate was added into the diet of experimental animals in the dose 0.59±0.02 g/100 g of diet. As a stress model we used daily 40-min immobilization and exhaustive 3-hour immobilization at the end of the experiment. Urinary catecholamines content was determined, blood corticosterone, malon dialdehyde, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase content was determined. Phytoecdysteroids and flavonoids were concentrated 20 and 80 times respectively compared to the initial raw materials. The concentrate consumption neutralized negative effect of immobilization stress on anxiety level of Wistar rats. The significant decrease in urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline shows the pronounced adaptogenic effect of the concentrate, whereas phytoecdysteroids and flavonoids act as prostressors activating body antioxidant protection system, what is substantiated by significantly increased blood superoxide dismutase level of experimental animals.
Physicochemical parameters of grape pomace subject to grape processing technology applied
Authors: Ageyeva Natalia , Tikhonova Anastasia , Burtsev Boris , Globa Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

This article presents experimental data on physicochemical parameters (humidity, density, bulk density, effective viscosity) of grape pomace of various white and red grape varieties, subject to the processing technology applied. It was established that pomace humidity varies across a wide range of values, subject to the grape variety, grape processing technology and pressure equipment. A study of Chardonnay pomace was used to note the influence of pressure equipment and processing technology upon pomace humidity. The values of density and bulk density had a strong invert correlation with the humidity index. With increase of humidity, the values of density and bulk density lowered both for white and red pomace. It was shown that the value of effective viscosity of pomace of white grape varieties varied from 8.8 (Chardonnay) to 12.8 (Gewürztraminer) Pa·s; that of red grape varieties varied from 13.2 (Pinot Noir) to 15.8 (Saperavi, fermented pomace) Pa·s. Such variation may have been related to the varietal peculiarities of grapes, pomace humidity, and concentrations of high-molecular compounds. The highest total of phenolic compounds was observed in extracts of fermented Saperavi pomace. The total of pectic substances in grape pomace varied from 5.5 to 7.2% of dry weight for the white grape varieties, and from 4.4 to 5.9% for the red grapes. As for the concentrations of pectic substances, Riesling, Pinot Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc pomace were distinguished among the white grapes, and fermented Cabernet Sauvignon pomace – among the red grapes.
Development of curd dishes for gluten-free nutrition
Authors: Rysmukhambetova G.E. , Artemova E.N. , Beloglazova K.E. , Ushakova Yu.V.
Published: July 2021

This work is devoted to expanding the range of dietary foods for people with celiac disease. In many countries, the number of alimentary-dependent diseases has been increasing, which is associated with disorders in the diet structure, lifestyle, genetic predispositions, etc. The increase in food intolerances and allergies in children and adolescents is considered to be a particularly alarming trend. The paper proposes replacing gluten-containing raw materials (wheat flour) with dietary fiber as a structure former in the technology of curd culinary products. The influence of dietary fibers of various nature (xanthan, guaran and food bamboo fiber) in the amount of 0.1–1.0% on the quality of curd soufflé and curd zrazy with raisins intended for gluten-free nutrition was studied. Organoleptic and physicochemical studies of the developed culinary products were carried out, and the nutritional and energy value was assessed. The prospect of using dietary fiber in the technology of culinary products from curd for gluten-free nutrition is substantiated.
The effect of the organic plant protection system on the chemical composition and quality of grapes and red wines
Authors: Ostroukhova Elena , Peskova Irina , Lutkova Natalia , Stranishevskaya Elena
Published: July 2021

The biologization of viticulture is considered as a necessary attribute of its effective functioning, aimed at reducing environmental and economic risks. Comparative studies of the effect of conservative system of agriculture, including chemical crop protection, and the organic system with using preparations Extrasol, Respecta, Chitosan, Tiovit Jet on physicochemical indicators and quality of grapes and wines were carried out. We used grape cultivar ‘Bastardo magarachskiy’ from the South Coast area of Crimea. It was found that using preparations in the organic farming system contributed to the accumulation (α<0.05) of sugars in berries on average by 15%, phenolic compounds – by 13-22%, anthocyanins – by 23%, and PPO activity of the must. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence the accumulation of aldehydes in berries. Their effect on the content of ketoacids was determined by the crop year conditions. Experimental wines were distinguished by a higher (α<0.05) content of ethyl alcohol, phenolic compounds (on average by 46%), anthocyanins (1.6 times), pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids (1.6 and 1.9 times) and a lower (by 20 %) concentration of aldehydes. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence on the organoleptic of wines. The best result was shown by the complex of Tiovit Jet and Extrasol.
The influence of solar activity on the formation of plant phytomass in dry steppe conditions
Authors: Trubakova Karine , Turko Svetlana , Vlasenko Marina
Published: July 2021

The main mechanism for the formation of yield is the process of transpiration, the driving force of which is the radiation balance and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The larger the area of the plant surface that receives the luminous flux of solar energy, the more active the action of the photosynthetic process. The formation of organic matter depends on the formed aboveground phytomass of plants. The aim of the study is to find the optimal ratio between the emitted flux of solar energy and the area of the assimilation apparatus for further determining the phytoproductivity of plants. The object is located in the steppe zone of the central part of the Volgograd region (southern part of the Volga Upland, 48°38′52″ N, 44°26′14″ E). Modern methods of mathematical processing of experimental data were applied. The duration of the growing season of plants and the amount of light exposure affect the optical density coefficient (Kod). As a result, the coefficient (KPAR ) should be close to 1 unit for use 2.5% sunlight radiation (PAR).
Studies of Natural Soil Radioactivity in the Kirchhoff Hill (the Leningrad Region, the Russian Federation)
Authors: Lebedev S. V. , Podlipskiy I. I. , Dubrova S. V. , Zelenkovskiy P. S. , Kamenkova S. G.
Published: July 2021

From the geoecological point of view, a special place in the geological section of the Kirchhoff Hill is occupied by highly radioactive geological bodies – dictyonema oil shales. As a result of glacial tectonic dislocations and due to numerous local elevations and depressions in the relief, dictyonema oil shales can come into direct contact with the soil over relatively large areas here. Based on the results of the route survey of the gamma field over the soils of the Kirchhoff Hill in the zone of anomalously high exposure dose rate, we laid a pit. Seven samples were taken and analyzed from the depth of 0 to 85 cm. The first two samples (0– 25 cm) correspond to the gray-humus dark-profile soil on dictyonema oil shales type. Here, the average value of the specific effective activity (Aeff) makes 1,750 Bq/kg. The average Aeff of the next 5 samples of dictyonema oil shales (25–85 cm) makes 1,870 Bq/kg. Such radioactivity values belong to the environmental hazard class IV and impose significant restrictions on building and construction in the area of studies.
Efficient activity of soil depending on of precursors and major treatment of soil when cultivating winter wheat
Authors: Vlasova O. I. , Dorojko G. R. , Perederieva V. M. , Chabaldas O. G.
Published: July 2021

The article presents data on the change in the enzymatic activity of the soil in winter wheat crops under the influence of the methods and techniques of tillage and the previous crop in the Central Ciscaucasus zone. The studies were carried out in the zone of the Central Ciscaucasia on the basis of the experimental station of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The determination of the activity of invertase shows that its maximum values are in the variants of the combined treatment, which is associated with more favorable hydrothermal conditions of the arable layer of the soil. Thus, according to its predecessor, pea + oats for green fodder, invertase activity is 27.9 mg of glucose per 1 g of soil for 40 hours, which is almost twice as high in comparison with surface treatment and three times with plowing. The decrease in the activity of invertase during dump processing indicates a rapid rate of mineralization of organic matter. Catalase activity on the studied precursors: on peas with oats for green fodder 1.6 and 1.3; 1.5 and 1.8 peas; for corn silage 1.5 and 1.4 ml 0.1 n. KMnO4 per 1 g of soil for 20 minutes. Revealed a decrease in activity under the influence of plowing, as urease enters the soil with plant debris. When dumping treatment due to movement of plant residues in the underlying layers, the activity of this enzyme decreases to 0.8–0.9 mg of N-NH4 per 10 g of soil for 4 hours, whereas with surface treatment, depending on its predecessor, it is 0.8–– 1.3 mg of N-NH4 / 10 g of soil for 4 hours, with a combination of 1.0–1.1, and for shallow soil, 1.1–1.2 mg of N-NH4 / 10 g of soil in 4 hours.
Geoecological Assessment of the State of Soils in Functional Zones of the Territory of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow, the Russian Federation
Authors: Dubrova S. V. , Podlipskiy I. I. , Zelenkovskiy P. S. , Egorov P. I. , Nesterov E. M.
Published: July 2021

With the development of megalopolises, constant expansion of their borders and chaotic and – to a greater extent – unreasonable territorial division of lands, potential recreational areas are experiencing colossal anthropogenic load and can be found in the state of oppression, gradually moving into an industrial functional zone, from the environmental point of view. For the preservation of ecosystems and rational planning of urban development, it is necessary to pay special attention to the functional purpose and mode of use of the sites, which are the essence of zoning and governance in the field of urban development of land. This paper presents a geoecological assessment of the dynamics of changes in pollution halos among the functional areas of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow over the past 30 years. Geochemical series of pollutants were compiled with the help of methods of preliminary preparation and statistical data processing. A forecast of the spread of pollution in the surface horizon for the next 100 years is presented, taking into account the hydrogeological features of the territory of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow.
Design and Technological Scheme and Main Parameters of a Re-Placeable Track Unit to the Unit of Traction Class 5
Authors: Rykov Viktor B. , Kambulov Sergey I. , Belousov Sergey V.
Published: July 2021

The work highlights the issues of operation of a replaceable caterpillar propeller for a tractor of traction class 5, an analysis of the design of wheeled-caterpillar mobile power facilities is carried out, its positive and negative aspects during operation are described, its detailed justification is given in comparison with wheel propellers, the definitions of normal reactions are drawn up equations of moments, acting relative to the points of application of these reactions on the front and rear propellers, the results of calculating the distribution of pressures along the support branch of the caterpillar bypass are presented.
New Working Organs for Solid Tillage of Fallow Fields in Summer Season
Authors: Rykov Viktor , Kambulov Sergey , Belousov Sergey
Published: July 2021

The work is of an applied nature and is aimed at substantiating the need to develop the working bodies of the tool for processing steam fields in the summer to preserve moisture in the soil, the main technologies for processing steam are given, the working bodies of steam cultivators are grouped, the design of a new working body is proposed, consisting of 2 narrow one-sided paws, its description is given, the angles of setting the upper part of the working body in the transverse and longitudinal-vertical planes and the horizon are justified, in conclusion, the results of the work done are given.
Development of a block system for controlling the main parameters of the seed separation process based on air-gravity machines
Authors: Gerasimenko Stanislav , Adamyn Artak , Podlesniy Dmitriy , Mishin Valentin
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the development of a program for controlling the main parameters of the separation process in the industrial automation instrumental complex CODESYS V3. Also the visualization of the control panel was developed. Based on this, a control unit was assembled with the presented version of the software visualization for controlling the main parameters of the air-gravity machine.
Automated unit for magnetic pulse processing of strawberries
Authors: Khort Dmitriy , Kutyrev Alexey , Filippov Rostislav
Published: July 2021

The article presents the developed automated unit for magnetic pulse processing of strawberries. To maintain the required magnetic induction value in the impact zone, the unit design provides for the possibility of changing the position of the working bodies in the vertical and horizontal planes in an automated mode. The unit includes a device for magnetic pulse treatment of plants, magnetic inductors, a control unit for the system of adaptation of working bodies and a program for controlling operating modes. As a result of field studies, it was found that in order to obtain the required value of magnetic induction in the processing zone at a pulse repetition frequency from 1 to 64 Hz and a magnetic induction of 0.3-15 MT, it is necessary to ensure a distance between the working organs and plants from 10 to 250 mm. The required design parameters of the unit that allow for magnetic pulse processing on strawberry plantings with a row spacing of 0.3-1.5 m are determined: the width of the gripper, adjustable 1.6-3.6 m, the tilt adjustment of the working bodies in the vertical direction from 0 to 90.
Justification of an effective method of potatoes harvesting
Authors: Baybulatov Т. S. , Khamkhoev B. I. , Uzhakhov К. М. , Tsechoeva A. Kh.
Published: July 2021

It is proved that high-quality potato harvesting is one of the most important technological operations that contributes to improving the safety of tubers during their storage. It is established that the digging working body on the potato harvester has low agrotechnical performance parameters, which directly affect the productivity, quality of harvested tubers, work and resistivity of the harvesting unit. A bar digging working body is proposed, the use of which allows to reduce the volume of soil supplied to elevators, which improves the separation of pile, and the tubers after the passage of the unit are not covered with soil coming off the conveyor. In addition, the rod working body allows the harvesting machine to work within the limits of agrotechnical requirements, eliminating damages and losses of tubers, improving the aggregate composition of the soil, as well as reducing its specific traction resistance and increasing productivity.