bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent agricultural tourism recommendation based on smart network
Authors: Zhang Shaoxia
Published: July 2022

To provide agricultural tourism tourists with services that meet their various needs, it is necessary to fully clarify the information needs of tourists and achieve efficient management. The prerequisite for achieving efficient management requires fully grasping the influencing factors of tourists' various information behaviors. In order to improve the effect of agricultural tourism recommendation, this paper improves the agricultural intelligent tourism recommendation algorithm, and constructs the data processing module in combination with the intelligent network. Moreover, this paper constructs the system function structure according to actual needs, and analyzes the effect of the system through experimental research. From the experimental research, it can be seen that the agricultural intelligent tourism recommendation system based on the smart network constructed in this paper has a good recommendation effect, the response is very good among customers, and the customer satisfaction is high.
What do we mean when we have a “sinus infection?”
Authors: Riley Charles A. , Navarro Alvaro I. , Trinh Lily , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Humphreys Ian M. , Akbar Nadeem A. , Shah Sharan , Lee Jivianne T. , Wu Tara , Schneider John S. , Tolisano Anthony M. , McCoul Edward D.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Sinus infections are a common reason patients seek medical care. However, the intended meaning of the term sinus infection among patients and otolaryngologists is incompletely understood.

Methods

In this multi‐institutional cross‐sectional study, a semantics‐based questionnaire was provided to consecutive patients presenting to otolaryngology clinics at six academic centers from June 2020 until May 2021. The primary outcome was respondent definitions for sinus infection from a list of 28 proposed terms covering six general categories. Secondary outcome measures included differences between geographic regions.

Results

Responses were obtained from 560 patients (54% female, mean age 48.9 years) and 29 otolaryngologists (42% female, mean age 37.4 years). Patients and otolaryngologists selected a median of 10 and 11 terms, respectively, to define a sinus infection. Among patients the most frequently selected symptom categories were mucus (500, 89.3%), pressure/pain (480, 85.7%), and airflow (468, 83.6%). Compared to patients, clinicians selected with greater frequency the symptom categories of pressure/pain (14.3% difference; 95% CI, 7.6% to 22.5%), mucus (10.7% difference; 95% CI, 4.7% to 18.3%) and airflow (13.0% difference; 95% CI, 4.8% to 21.7%). Multiple categories were selected by 96% of patients and 100% of providers.

Conclusion

The definition of sinus infection appears variable for both patients and otolaryngologists, though patients appear to apply a broader range of symptoms to the term sinus infection. There were no pronounced geographic differences in the description of a sinus infection in this US sample population. Patients commonly described sinus infection in the context of pain‐related symptoms. Appreciation of these semantic differences may enable more effective patient‐clinician communication.
Calycosin suppresses colorectal cancer progression by targeting ERβ, upregulating PTEN, and inhibiting PI3K/Akt signal pathway
Authors: Zhu Lin , Liu Sha , Liao Yi‐Fan , Sheng Yan‐Mei , He Ji‐Chun , Cai Zheng‐Xue , Man Qiong , Wu Yi‐Ying
Published: July 2022

High intake of phytoestrogen has been reported to be associated with the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Calycosin belongs to the phytoestrogen that has been shown to suppress CRC cells in our previous study. However, its anticancer activity and molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the effect of calycosin on the viability and apoptosis of human CRC HCT116 and SW480 cells via MTT assay, flow cytometry assay, and caspase‐3/7 activity assay. The protein expressions of estrogen receptor β (ERβ), PTEN, and PI3K/Akt signal pathways were determined by Western blot analysis. And then, the alterations of biological behavior in CRC cells transfected with ERβ siRNA were analyzed. Mouse xenograft models were further performed to detect the antitumor effect in vivo. The results show that calycosin reduces CRC cell viability, induces cell apoptosis, and suppresses xenograft tumor growth. The protein expressions of ERβ and PTEN are significantly upregulated following calycosin treatment, whereas p‐AKT/AKT ratio and Bcl‐2 level are downregulated. Suppressing ERβ with siRNA partially attenuates the reduction in viability and apoptosis induced by calycosin. Our results indicate that calycosin shows inhibitory effects on CRC cells, which might be obtained by targeting ERβ, upregulating PTEN, and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
PIK3CB promotes oesophageal cancer proliferation through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling axis
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhi , Xu Jian , Jiang Yuequan
Published: July 2022

PIK3CB is abnormally expressed in various carcinomas and affects the proliferation, invasion and drug resistance of cancer cells. However, its role in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unclear. In this study, PIK3CB was found to be highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells and positively correlated with the poor prognosis of ESCC. Silencing PIK3CB inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells, arrested the cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistic studies showed that the tumour‐promoting effect of PIK3CB was achieved through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway activation. Moreover, the high PIK3CB expression level in ESCC may be closely associated with the hypomethylation status of the gene promoter. In conclusion, PIK3CB promotes ESCC by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling axis. PIK3CB may be a potential target in ESCC.
Biology of macrophage fate decision: Implication in inflammatory disorders
Authors: Yadav Sarika , Dwivedi Ashish , Tripathi Anurag
Published: July 2022

The activation of immune cells in response to stimuli present in their microenvironment is regulated by their metabolic profile. Unlike the signal transduction events, which overlap to a huge degree in diverse cellular processes, the metabolome of a cell reflects a more precise picture of cell physiology and function. Different factors governing the cellular metabolome include receptor signaling, macro and micronutrients, normoxic and hypoxic conditions, energy needs, and biomass demand. Macrophages have enormous plasticity and can perform diverse functions depending upon their phenotypic state. This review presents recent updates on the cellular metabolome and molecular patterns associated with M1 and M2 macrophages, also termed “classically activated macrophages” and “alternatively activated macrophages,” respectively. M1 macrophages are proinflammatory in nature and predominantly Th1‐specific immune responses induce their polarization. On the contrary, M2 macrophages are anti‐inflammatory in nature and primarily participate in Th2‐specific responses. Interestingly, the same macrophage cell can adapt to the M1 or M2 phenotype depending upon the clues from its microenvironment. We elaborate on the various tissue niche‐specific factors, which govern macrophage metabolism and heterogeneity. Furthermore, the current review provides an in‐depth account of deregulated macrophage metabolism associated with pathological disorders such as cancer, obesity, and atherosclerosis. We further highlight significant differences in various metabolic pathways governing the cellular bioenergetics and their impact on macrophage effector functions and associated disorders.
Novel targets to overcome antiangiogenesis therapy resistance in glioblastoma multiforme: Systems biology approach and suggestion of therapy by galunisertib
Authors: Hadizadeh Morteza , AminJafari Akram , Parvizpour Sepideh , Ghasemi Sorayya
Published: July 2022

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a tumor with high microvessel density. Antiangiogenesis therapy (AAT) resistance occurs due to the complex mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, with increased chances of recurrence. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is the main pathway of angiogenesis, and anti‐VEGF drugs have been ineffective in controlling it. New oncogenes in the VEGF signaling pathway may be new candidates for angiogenesis targeting. Oncogene candidates were chosen using gene expression profiles and databases. Then oncogenes were subjected to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and survival analysis (SA). Molecular docking was conducted to evaluate the interaction of the oncogenes with galunisertib. NRAS, AKT1, and HSPB1 were the most effective oncogenes upregulating genes that play a role in GBM expression in the VEGF signaling pathway. The VEGF and MAPK signaling pathways were found to be effective using GSEA and Kyoto Encyclopedia Gene and Genome pathway analysis. Survival analyses revealed that patients with high HSPB1 expression had poorer overall survival rates than those with low HSPB1 expression. Galunisertib exhibits intermolecular interactions with 6DV5, 5UHV, and 3O96 (binding energy −8.0, −8.6, and −10.3 kcal/mol, respectively). The current AAT should be restrategized to suppress the numerous angiogenic elements to manage angiogenesis and combat AAT resistance in GBM. In silico analysis indicated that NRAS, AKT1, and HSPB1 genes can be the main oncogenes in the VEGF signaling pathway and galunisertib strongly interacts with these genes. Consequently, the use of galunisertib to overcome AAT in GBM in combination therapy can be assessed.
Left atrial appendage closure with the II generation Ultraseal device: An international registry. The LIGATE study
Authors: Pivato Carlo A. , Liccardo Gaetano , Sanz‐Sanchez Jorge , Pelloni Elisa , Pujdak Krzysztof , Xuareb Robert G. , Cruz‐Gonzalez Ignacio , Pisano Francesco , Scotti Andrea , Tarantini Giuseppe , Cook Stephane , Regazzoli Damiano , Reimers Bernhard , Condorelli Gianluigi , Bragato Renato Maria , Stefanini Giulio G. , Pagnotta Paolo
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To assess feasibility and safety of second‐generation left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) Ultraseal device in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

Background

LAAC with first‐generation Ultraseal device (Cardia, Eagan, Minnesota) has been shown to be a feasible therapeutic option in patients with NVAF. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the novel second‐generation Ultraseal device.

Methods

All patients with NVAF undergoing second‐generation Ultraseal device implantation between February 2018 and September 2020 were included in a multicenter international registry. Periprocedural and post‐discharge events were collected through 6‐month follow‐up. Co‐primary efficacy endpoints were device success and technical success while primary safety endpoint was in‐hospital major adverse event (MAE) occurrence.

Results

A total of 52 patients were included: mean age 75 ± 8, 30.8% women, mean HAS‐BLED 3 ± 1. The device was successfully implanted in all patients. Technical success was achieved in 50 patients (96.1%). In‐hospital MAEs occurred in three patients (5.8%). The incidence of 6‐month all‐cause death and major bleeding was 11.6% and 2.1%, respectively. No strokes, transient ischemic attacks, systemic embolisms, or device embolization were reported after discharge.

Conclusions

Second‐generation Ultraseal device implantation was associated with high success rates and a low incidence of peri‐procedural complications. Larger studies with longer follow‐up are warranted to further evaluate the safety and the efficacy of this device, especially at long‐term follow‐up.
In‐hospital outcomes of TAVR patients with a bundle branch block: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample 2011–2018
Authors: Zahid Salman , Khan Muhammad Z. , Ullah Waqas , Tanveer Ud Din Mian , Abbas Sakina , Ubaid Aamer , Khan Muhammad U. , Rai Devesh , Baibhav Bipul , Rao Mohan , Singla Atul , Goldsweig Andrew M. , Depta Jeremiah P. , Balla Sudarshan
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Data on the outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with a bundle branch block (BBB) remains limited.

Methods

We studied the outcomes of TAVR patients with a BBB from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2011 and 2018 using ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM codes.

Results

Between 2011 and 2018, 194,237 patients underwent TAVR, where 1.7% (n = 3,232) had a right BBB (RBBB) and 13.7% (n = 26,689) had a left BBB (LBBB). Patients with a RBBB and LBBB had a higher rate of new permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation (31.5% ‐ RBBB, 15.7% LBBB vs. 10.2% ‐ no BBB). RBBB was associated with a significantly longer median length of stay (5 days) and total hospitalization cost ($53,669) compared with LBBB (3 days and $47,552) and no BBB (3 days and $47,171). Trend analysis revealed lower rates of PPM implantation and reduced lengths of stay and costs across all comparison groups.

Conclusion

In conclusion, patients undergoing TAVR with a BBB are associated with higher new rates of PPM implantation. RBBB is the strongest independent predictor for new PPM implantation following TAVR. Rates of new PPM implantation in TAVR patients with and without a BBB have improved over time including reductions in length of stay and hospital costs. Further study is needed to reduce the risks of PPM implantation in TAVR patients.
Performance characteristics of an axial‐flow gas induction impeller
Authors: Hoffman Shannon M. , Janz Eric E. , Myers Kevin J. , Brown Nicholas A.
Published: July 2022

Power number, pressure coefficient, and induced gas flow rate of a novel axial‐flow gas induction impeller with large openings for gas flow are reported. The effects of rotational speed, impeller diameter, submergence, and pumping mode are considered in turbulent operation. The pressure coefficient is measured using the reduction in pressure at speeds below the minimum induction speed as well as from the minimum induction speed. The minimum induction speed approach consistently yields lower pressure coefficient values, indicating the existence of impeller exit losses that are required to force gas from the centre of the impeller into the liquid. The induced gas flow rate is modelled using two approaches. The first approach relates the gas flow rate to the available pressure difference, and in this case, the relation is found to be strongly affected by impeller diameter. The second approach is a literature model that likens the induction process to water jet injection. While this approach appears promising, flow measurement device pressure losses make it difficult to definitively evaluate this method.
Selective recovery of lithium from Dead Sea end brines using UBK10 ion exchange resin
Authors: Aljarrah Sewar , Alsabbagh Ahmad , Almahasneh Majdi
Published: July 2022

The Dead Sea, a live pool of minerals and elements, holds ~9% of the world's known lithium reserves. However, the low lithium concentrations (30–40 mg/L) in the end brine and the high divalent to lithium ratio (Mg+2 + Ca+2 to Li+) were obstacles that must be overcome to extract the lithium. In our previous work, lithium concentrations in the Dead Sea end brine were enriched by chemical precipitation up to 1700 mg/kg in the produced solid precipitate. The obtained precipitate was decomposed by double‐distilled water, and about 66% of lithium was leached, producing an environmental liquor containing an elevated concentration of lithium. A sequential ion exchange technique was used to achieve selective lithium recovery in this study. The ability of the UBK 10 strong acid‐type cation exchange resin (Na type) to remove lithium from simulated and environmental lithium‐bearing solutions was investigated. Because of the complex matrix comprising components that may compete with lithium adsorption, a greater quantity of adsorbent was required to achieve the equilibrium state for the environmental solution (7 g) compared to (3.6 g) for the simulated solution. For both lithium‐bearing solutions, the kinetics investigation revealed a pseudo‐second‐order tendency. The interfering capacity was determined to be 0.405, confirming the UBK 10 challenge to selective lithium adsorption. The divalent to lithium ratio was decreased by more than 50 times, yielding encouraging findings for extracting lithium from the low lithium—high divalent to lithium sophisticated Dead Sea end brines.
Dramatic Impact of Auxiliary Ligands on the Dynamic Magnetic Relaxation in Tetranuclear DyIII2ZnII2 Single Molecule Magnets
Authors: Li Gao‐Peng , Xie Hong‐Fang , Yang Shi‐Rui , Fu Yun‐Long , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Wang Yao‐Yu
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Better understanding the determining factors of dynamic magnetic relaxation in polynuclear lanthanide based single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) remains a challenge due to the complexity of such architectures involving interactions between the magnetic centers. To address this issue, two structurally related heterometal DyIII2ZnII2 SMMs, [Zn2Dy2(L)4(Ac)2(DMF)(CH3OH)]·CH3OH·2H2O (1) and [Zn2Dy2(L)4(Ac)2(DMF)2]·4CH3CN (2) (H2L = (E)‐2‐((2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)amino)‐4‐methyphenol, DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide), are introduced and investigated. Through modifying the auxiliary ligands on one DyIII site while retaining that on the other DyIII, the intramolecular magnetic interactions and relaxation dynamics in these two heterometallic‐DyIII2ZnII2 SMMs can be tuned, demonstrating a dramatic change in the magnet relaxation behavior with energy barrier changing from a negligible value for 1 to 305 K for 2. Ab initio calculations reveal that changing the coordination geometries on the DyIII sites can significantly affect the magnetic interactions as well as single‐ion anisotropy.
Synthesis of Benzoxazine Functionalized Amine‐Bridged Bis(phenolato) Rare Earth Complexes and Their Application in Ring‐Opening Polymerization of rac‐Lactide
Authors: Feng Chunping , Mu Debao , Zhu Xuehua , Wang Yaorong , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The reactivities of benzoxazine functionalized amine bridged bis(phenol)s LnH2 (n = 1—3) with rare earth metal complexes were explored, founding that both the aryl substituents of the ligand and the rare earth metals have profound influences on reaction outcomes. Reactions of L1H2 (R = tBu) with [N(SiMe3)2]3RE(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)3 (RE = La, Nd) afforded the expected rare earth amides L1RE[N(SiMe3)2](THF) (RE = La (1), Nd (2)). However, the similar reaction of L2H2 (R = OMe) and L3H2 (R = Me) with [N(SiMe3)2]3La(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)3 generated the unexpected amine bridged triphenolato lanthanum complexes L2‐NR2La(THF)(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)2 (3) and L3‐NR2La(THF)(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)2 (4), respectively, in which the benzoxazine ring is opened, and a plausible mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, the reactions of L1H2 with [N(SiMe3)2]3RE(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)3 (RE = Y, Yb) produced the unexpected benzoxazine ring‐opened products L1‐HRE(THF) (RE = Y (5), Yb (6)). Further study revealed that the reaction of L1H2 with Cp3Y(THF) in a 1: 1 molar ration in THF gave the corresponding yttrium complex L1YCp·THF (7a), but the benzoxazine ring‐opened product L1‐OCH2PhY(THF) (7b) was formed when 1 equivalent of benzoic alcohol was added. The benzoxazine functionalized amine bridged bis(phenolato) rare earth amides were efficient initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of rac‐lactide, giving heterotactic polylactide with Pr value up to 0.93.
The current status of gene expression profilings in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Ilieva Mirolyuba , Tschaikowski Max , Vandin Andrea , Uchida Shizuka
Published: July 2022

Background

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has swept through every part of the world. Because of its impact, international efforts have been underway to identify the variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 by genome sequencing and to understand the gene expression changes in COVID‐19 patients compared to healthy donors using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) assay. Within the last two and half years since the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2, a large number of OMICS data of COVID‐19 patients have accumulated. Yet, we are still far from understanding the disease mechanism. Further, many people suffer from long‐term effects of COVID‐19; calling for a more systematic way to data mine the generated OMICS data, especially RNA‐seq data.

Methods

By searching gene expression omnibus (GEO) using the key terms, COVID‐19 and RNA‐seq, 108 GEO entries were identified. Each of these studies was manually examined to categorize the studies into bulk or single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) followed by an inspection of their original articles.

Results

The currently available RNA‐seq data were generated from various types of patients’ samples, and COVID‐19 related sample materials have been sequenced at the level of RNA, including whole blood, different components of blood [e.g., plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, T cells], nasal swabs, and autopsy samples (e.g., lung, heart, liver, kidney). Of these, RNA‐seq studies using whole blood, PBMCs, nasal swabs and autopsy/biopsy samples were reviewed to highlight the major findings from RNA‐seq data analysis.

Conclusions

Based on the bulk and scRNA‐seq data analysis, severe COVID‐19 patients display shifts in cell populations, especially those of leukocytes and monocytes, possibly leading to cytokine storms and immune silence. These RNA‐seq data form the foundation for further gene expression analysis using samples from individuals suffering from long COVID.
Novel matrinic acid derivatives bearing 2‐anilinothiazole structure for non‐small cell lung cancer treatment with improved Hsp90 targeting effect
Authors: Xu Yiming , Zeng Panke , Wang Haodong , Han Keyan , Qiu Gan , Wei Yongquan , Chen Rui , Wang Lisheng , Liu Xu
Published: July 2022

Involved in mediating the folding and maturation of more than 300 client proteins, many of which are oncoproteins, Hsp90 has emerged as a promising drug target for cancer therapy. In particular, inhibiting Hsp90 plays a vital role in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer. Owing to undesirable outcomes of Hsp90 inhibitors in clinical trials, a series of matrinic acid compounds bearing 2‐anilinothiazole moiety were designed based on the structural features allocation shared among Hsp90 inhibitors within the ATP‐binding pocket. Most of the compounds showed potent anticancer activities validated by MTT assay. Among them, the most potent compound C4 (IC50 < 10 μM against four cell lines) was chosen for further mechanism study. Notably, C4 showed a better safety profile than 17AAG with a higher SI value. Thermal shift assay data indicated C4 exhibited a strong binding affinity with Hsp90 (−18.85 ± 0.56°C) comparable to radicicol. Mechanism studies verified that C4 significantly inhibited proliferation and migration activities of A549 cells. Besides, C4 can induce a prolonged G1‐phase and cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis results indicated C4 could moderately suppress Hsp90 and upregulate Hsp70 expression. Furthermore, the downregulated trend of the client proteins of Hsp90, such as β‐Catenin and Bcl‐2, were consistent with the cellular effect of C4, suggesting that C4 could exert anticancer activity via targeting Hsp90. In the xenograft model in vivo, C4 effectively inhibited lung cancer growth without obvious side effects. Collectively, C4 could be a promising therapeutic agent for lung cancer and the novel scaffold provided new insights into the design of Hsp90 inhibitors.
Demographic and health predictors of telomere length during adolescence
Authors: Kertes Darlene A. , Leri John , Duan Ke , Tarrence Jake , Browning Christopher , Pickler Rita , Ford Jodi
Published: July 2022

Telomere length (TL) is proposed to play a mechanistic role in how the exposome affects health outcomes. Little is known about TL during adolescence, a developmental period during which precursors of adult‐onset health problems often emerge. We examined health and demographic sources of variation in TL in 899 youth aged 11–17. Demographic and health information included age, sex, race, household income, caregiver age and marital status, youth tobacco exposure, body mass index, pubertal status, health problems, medication use, and season of data collection. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva, and T/S ratios were computed following qPCR. Age, race, season of data collection, and household income were associated with the telomere to single copy (T/S) ratio. We found that T/S ratios were larger at younger ages, among Black youth, for saliva collected during autumn and winter, and among households with higher income. Analyses stratified by race revealed that the association between age and T/S ratio was present for Black youth, that season of collection was present across races, but that family demographic associations with T/S ratio varied by race. The results provide information for future telomere research and highlight adolescence as a potentially important developmental phase for racial disparities in telomere shortening and health.
Blood‐based biomarkers for the prediction of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy prognosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jansen Mark , Algül Sila , Bosman Laurens P. , Michels Michelle , van der Velden Jolanda , de Boer Rudolf A. , van Tintelen J. Peter , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Baas Annette F.
Published: July 2022

Aims

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent monogenic heart disease. HCM is an important cause of sudden cardiac death and may also lead to outflow tract obstruction and heart failure. Disease severity is highly variable and risk stratification remains limited. Therefore, we aimed to review current knowledge of prognostic blood‐based biomarkers in HCM.

Methods and results

A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library to identify studies assessing plasma or serum biomarkers for outcomes involving malignant ventricular arrhythmia, outflow tract obstruction, and heart failure. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIPS tool. Meta‐analyses were performed using the random effects method. A total of 26 unique cohort studies assessing 42 biomarkers were identified. Overall risk of bias was moderate. Thirty‐two biomarkers were significantly associated to an HCM outcome in at least one study (nine biomarkers in at least two studies). In pooled analyses, cardiovascular mortality was predicted by N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (hazard ratio [HR] 5.38 per log[pg/mL], 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07–14.03, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (HR 1.30 per μg/mL, 95% CI 1.00–1.68, P = 0.05, I2 = 78%), all‐cause mortality by low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 0.63 per μmol/mL, 95% CI 0.49–0.80, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%), and a combined congestive heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmia, and stroke outcome by high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (pooled HR 4.19 for ≥0.014 ng/mL, 95% CI 2.22–7.88, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%). Quality of evidence was low–moderate.

Conclusions

Several blood‐based biomarkers were identified as predictors of HCM outcomes. Additional studies are required to validate their prognostic utility within current risk stratification models.
Immune‐mediated pathology as a consequence of impaired immune reactions: the IMPATH paradox
Authors: Ehl Stephan , Thimme Robert
Published: July 2022

Traditionally, immune‐mediated pathology is considered to result from hyperactivity of the immune system. In recent years, however, it has become apparent that, paradoxically, immunopathology can also occur as a consequence of impaired, immune reactions. This insight has important consequences. In the case of hyperactivity, immune suppression is the method of choice for therapy. By contrast, patients suffering from immunopathology as a consequence of impaired immune reactions may benefit instead from immune stimulation or immune reconstitution. This concept is what we call the “IMPATH paradox.” The scientific and clinical impact of the IMPATH paradox is the focus of the collaborative research center CRC1160, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) since 2015. The CRC examines human and murine model situations, in which the causal link between impaired immune reactions and immunopathology can be explored and better mechanistically defined. In this series of review articles, we wish to place some of these models into the context of the IMPATH paradox and illustrate their potential to stimulate novel perspectives on immunopathology and its therapy.
Reactions of Enaminones with p‐Quinone Methides: Access to 4H‐Chromene and 4H‐Chromen‐4‐one Derivatives
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Sharma Sonam , Rekha  , Pandey Rajat , Singh Rupali , Kumar Tarunjeet , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya
Published: July 2022

A one‐pot approach for the synthesis of oxygen‐containing heterocycles such as 4H‐chromenes and 4H‐chromen‐4‐ones has been established through the reaction of enaminones with p‐quinone methides (p‐QMs). This transformation basically involves an acid‐catalyzed 1,6‐conjugate addition of enaminones to p‐QMs followed by annulation. In the case of reaction between 2‐hydroxyphenyl‐substituted p‐quinone methides and N,N‐dimethyl enaminones, 4H‐chromene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Similarly, the reaction between simple p‐quinone methides and 2‐hydroxyphenyl‐substituted N,N‐dimethyl enaminones led to 4H‐chromen‐4‐one derivatives in good yields.
Electrochemical Generation of Hot Electrons in Fully Aqueous Solutions at Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Thin Film Electrodes and Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay of Serum Amyloid A
Authors: Salminen Kalle , Fang Jian‐Hui , Etula Jarkko , Wester Niklas , Eskola Jarkko , Kulmala Sakari , Sun Jian‐Jun
Published: July 2022

Electrochemistry of hot electrons in fully aqueous solutions at tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin film electrodes is discussed. The generation of these highly reducing chemical species was confirmed by normal pulse voltammetry and several electrochemiluminescent systems. Electron transfer into pre‐existing solvent cavities was observed at approximately −2.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl (sat.). Electrogenerated hot electrons were utilized as chemiluminescent mediators in heterogeneous sandwich immunoassay of Serum Amyloid A. The calibration curve was linear over four orders of magnitude and the detection limit was 85 ng L−1 that demonstrates the efficiency of hot electron generation at this electrode material.
Damage of prismatic lithium‐ion cells subject to bending: Test, model, and detection
Authors: Li Wei , Xing Bobin , Watkins Thomas R. , Xia Yong , Wang Hsin , Zhu Juner
Published: July 2022

The mechanically induced internal short circuit (ISC) is one of the major safety concerns of lithium‐ion batteries. Mechanical abuse tests are often performed to evaluate the integrity and safety of lithium‐ion batteries under mechanical loadings. Except for the widely explored compression‐dominated indentation tests, bending is another typical real‐world loading condition that is tension‐dominated. To investigate the mechanical damage and ISC behavior of batteries under bending, we carried out controlled three‐point bending tests in four progressive steps on prismatic battery cells with maximum deflections ranging from 38% to 76% of the cell thickness. None of the tested cells experienced an ISC. We then conducted 3D X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scanning on the bent cells after unloading. X‐ray CT images showed three out of the four tested cells have extensive cracking in the electrode layers at the bottom side (opposite to the loading head). This indicates that cracking does not necessarily lead to an ISC under bending. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also measured on the bent cells and substantial changes were observed. Both the bulk resistance and charge‐transfer resistance increased significantly after bending, which could influence the battery performance and lifespan. We then developed a detailed finite (FE) element model to further investigate the mechanical deformation and failure mechanisms. The FE model successfully predicts the load–displacement response and reproduces the deformation patterns. The findings and the FE model developed in the present study provide useful insights and tools for the battery structure and crash safety design.

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Anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge to produce volatile fatty acids and release nutrients using sodium citrate with sodium hydroxide pretreatment
Authors: Zhou Wuyang , Fang Qian , Ding Wenxue , Du Zhili , Ren Pengfei
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the synergistic effect of sodium citrate (SC) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the anaerobic digestion (AD) efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS). Using the amount of SC as the control variable, changes in sludge cell cracking and AD performance under different pretreatment conditions was investigated. The optimum treatment conditions were a NaOH input of initial pH 10 and an SC concentration of 0.20 g/g total suspended solids. The pretreatment was monitored in 150 min. And the changes in soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), soluble polysaccharide, soluble protein, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), PO43−‐P and NH4+‐N during the pretreatment stage and fermentation process were studied. Results show a significant disintegration effect on WAS under optimal pretreatment conditions, with the peak concentration of SCOD, soluble protein, and soluble polysaccharide being 2059.5, 114.86, and 190.97 mg/L, respectively, which means that large amounts of intracellular carbon sources were released. The production of VFAs included acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, n‐butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and n‐valeric acid, with a peak concentration of 9555.89, 1779.12, 608.84, 805.7, 777.91, 184.86 mg·COD/L, respectively. The content of PO43‐P and NH4+‐N were great in fermentation liquid, 71.82 and 320.75 mg/L, respectively. These results indicate that the synergistic process improve VFAs production and contribute to nutrients reuse.
Keeping Track of Hawaii's Bottomfish Populations With the Help of Citizen Scientists
Authors: Ra Hana , Richards Benjamin L , Rollo Audrey , Miller-Greene Dianna , Taylor Jeremy
Published: July 2022

The “Deep 7” bottomfish complex, which consists of six snapper and one grouper species, is a complex that carries high economic and cultural importance to the islands of Hawaii. These bottomfish have been monitored through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Deep 7 fishery-independent surveys since 2016. These surveys use underwater stereo camera systems that produce hundreds of thousands of images that must be annotated by human analysts in order to generate species-specific, size-structured abundance estimates. We developed a citizen science project, called “OceanEYEs,” as a means to effectively process this imagery. A beta test was conducted to determine the accuracy of citizen science annotations in comparison to expert annotators. Our results suggest that aggregated citizen scientist data can achieve accuracy levels approaching that of expert annotators, which has the potential to improve image annotation efficiency and produce large volumes of high-quality training data to improve machine learning algorithms.
Base cation evidence for enhanced water infiltration in Ancestral Pueblo gravel mulch fields, Northern New Mexico, USA
Authors: Kessler Nicholas V.
Published: July 2022

In the Northern Rio Grande region of New Mexico, USA, Ancestral Pueblo villages experienced rapid demographic and economic growth in the late 14th and 15th centuries A.D. Recent research has proposed that this growth was underwritten by cotton production for exchange. Gravel mulch was an important component of cotton agriculture, but its function and soil legacies are not well understood. Since water management was likely a critical feature of gravel mulch, this study examines soil variables affected by changes to water supply. Gravel mulch analyzed in this study was found to have a substantial impact on the surface soil particle size distribution, but other aspects of soil quality were unaffected. The depth profiles of base cation ratios in mulched and unmodified locations suggest that gravel mulch continues to enhance water infiltration. Based on the timing of cotton development and inferred infiltration depths associated with gravel mulch soils, gravel mulch technology is well suited to the monsoonal precipitation regime of the region and the phenology of cotton.
Including diverse and admixed populations in genetic epidemiology research
Authors: Caliebe Amke , Tekola‐Ayele Fasil , Darst Burcu F. , Wang Xuexia , Song Yeunjoo E. , Gui Jiang , Sebro Ronnie A. , Balding David J. , Saad Mohamad , Dubé Marie‐Pierre ,   IGES ELSI Committee
Published: July 2022

The inclusion of ancestrally diverse participants in genetic studies can lead to new discoveries and is important to ensure equitable health care benefit from research advances. Here, members of the Ethical, Legal, Social, Implications (ELSI) committee of the International Genetic Epidemiology Society (IGES) offer perspectives on methods and analysis tools for the conduct of inclusive genetic epidemiology research, with a focus on admixed and ancestrally diverse populations in support of reproducible research practices. We emphasize the importance of distinguishing socially defined population categorizations from genetic ancestry in the design, analysis, reporting, and interpretation of genetic epidemiology research findings. Finally, we discuss the current state of genomic resources used in genetic association studies, functional interpretation, and clinical and public health translation of genomic findings with respect to diverse populations.
Characteristics of late reformation and petroleum prospect of Carboniferous strata in the Bayanhot Basin, N. China
Authors: Zhao Hongge , Liu Chiyang , Zhou Yijun , Shao Xiaozhou , Wang Jianqiang , Peng Zhichao , Huang Lei , Ruan Zhengzhong , Guo Hui , Fu Xinhui , Li Ya'nan
Published: July 2022

The Bayanhot Basin is located at the intersection of the Alxa Block, Ordos Basin, and Corridor Transitional Zone. Although the Carboniferous palaeo‐sedimentary and tectonic features are of great significance in discovering the scientific issues of the influential range of the Qinlin‐Qilian Ocean and palaeo‐Asian Ocean and the relationship of the North China Block and Alxa Block, as well as in evaluating hydrocarbon prospects, it is difficult to restore the Carboniferous features because of intense late reformation. It is necessary to systematically discuss the late reformation characteristics. It is shown in this paper that Carboniferous strata have mainly experienced two extensive tectonic movements during the Late Hercynian–Indosinian and Yanshanian periods and had four reformation types: structural compression, uplift to erosion, superimposed and deep burial, and thermodynamic reformation, based on comprehensive analysis of seismic profiles, wells, aeromagnetic data and tectonic characteristics of the surrounding regions. Carboniferous strata were partly eroded by the compressional folding during Late Hercynian–Indosinian movement, and were forcefully eroded by thrusting and uplift during Yanshanian movement, especially movement in the Late Jurassic, which determined the present thickness of the Carboniferous strata. The deep overlap of the overlying Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous, Palaeogene, and Neogene rocks in different areas was beneficial to the maturation of Carboniferous source rocks. The magmatic rocks exposed by well drilling and shallow aeromagnetic anomaly belts show heating reformation, which accelerated the maturation of source rocks to some extent. The total strength of the Carboniferous late reformation was stronger in the western area than in the eastern area and greater in the northern area than in the southern area. The multiple periods and various types of reformation were closely related to the regional closure of the Palaeo‐Qinling‐Qilian Ocean in the south, Palaeo‐Asian Ocean, and Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean in the north and the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate in the east. The Carboniferous strata in eastern and southern basins will be the prospective favourable areas for the petroleum exploration.
Nanoscale physical parameters of source rocks identified by atomic force microscopy: A review
Authors: Liu Yanhai , Zou Guangui , She Jiasheng , Deng Bowen , Yang Hao
Published: July 2022

The refinement of nanoscale physical parameters of source rocks has benefitted from continuous innovations in technology and methods. Traditional methods for detecting reservoir physical properties are limited by the properties of the instruments. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides new methods and approaches for furthering our understanding and exploring the nanoscale world. Its wide range of applications and gradually developed multiscenario application modes make it an ideal tool for the characterization of nanoscale physical properties of source rocks (coal, shale, mudstone, sandstone, etc.). We highlight the advantages of AFM in regard to performing nondestructive 3D imaging and mechanical property measurements with nanoscale resolution in any desired environment (air, vacuum, liquid). The limitations of AFM applied to source rocks are also summarized. The process has great potential in micro/nanopore characterization, surface morphology characterization, in situ micromechanical property acquisition, wettability research, and so on. The gradual development and improvement of this new model will expand new methods, bring enlightenment to basic research on unconventional oil and gas resources, and provide a scientific basis for the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources.
Should pregnant women be screened for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection? A prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Yefet Enav , Massalha Manal , Alter Adi , Gal Harnik Amit , Hosari Mahamed Sally , Novick Lia , Wattad Malak , Sakas Jawad , Baram Shira , Weiss Amir , Iskander Rula , Peretz Avi , Rozenberg Orit , Younis Johnny S. , Perlitz Yuri , Nachum Zohar
Published: July 2022

Objective

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), ranges from asymptomatic to severe infection. We aimed to compare the prevalence of COVID‐19 in asymptomatic pregnant versus nonpregnant women in order to establish recommendations for a COVID‐19 screening strategy.

Methods

A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted. Asymptomatic pregnant or nonpregnant women after March 2020 (the time when COVID‐19 was first detected in north Israel) were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 using nasopharyngeal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test, anti‐nucleocapsid IgG, and anti‐spike IgG. Diagnosis was made if at least one test result was positive. Pregnant women were tested between 34 and 42 weeks, mostly at birth.

Results

Among the 297 participating women, 152 were pregnant and 145 were nonpregnant. The prevalence of asymptomatic COVID‐19 was similar between the groups (4 [2.6%] and 8 [5.5%], respectively; P = 0.2). All women with COVID‐19 delivered healthy appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age babies without malformations, at term.

Conclusions

The rate of asymptomatic COVID‐19 in pregnant women is low and comparable to the rate among nonpregnant women. Pregnancy outcomes are favorable. Future screening programs should consider that one of 25 screened asymptomatic women will be positive.
Direct observation of the Mpemba effect with water: Probe the mysterious heat transfer
Authors: Tang Zhiqiang , Huang Weidong , Zhang Yagang , Liu Yanxia , Zhao Lin
Published: July 2022

The Mpemba effect is one of the most perplexing puzzles in nature. Although it has been discussed extensively, direct observation of the Mpemba effect is extremely challenging and rare. Herein, we report the first systematic study of the Mpemba effect with water and clearly point out the conditions required for the observation of the Mpemba effect. The results demonstrate that hot water usually has a faster cooling rate than cold water. The initial temperature, temperature difference, shape of the container, and water volume influence the heat exchange and the cooling process. Owing to the influential factors of heat exchange, the Mpemba effect can only be observed under specific conditions. This work helps to clarify doubts and confusion about the Mpemba effect and can offer alternative strategies for energy storage and transfer materials.

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Polycrystalline particulates synthesized on zirconia for enhanced bioactivity: An in vitro study
Authors: Tang Shuang , Ding Ning , Zhang Zutai
Published: July 2022

Zirconia is a promising material for dental implant with its excellent biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, and esthetic effect similar to natural teeth. To improve the bioactivity and osteogenic properties of zirconia, pre‐sintered zirconia discs were divided into C, T3, T5, and T7 group. Group C was as control. T3, T5, and T7 groups were soaked in hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 30, 50, and 70 s, respectively. Then, they were placed into CaCl2 solution and heated in NaOH solution. After sintering, the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction, which confirmed the ZrO2 polycrystalline particulates in situ synthesized on the treated sample discs. The surface roughness of the treated samples was increased with the prolonged of acid treatment time (p < .05), while the three‐point bending strength did not decrease significantly (p > .05). MC3T3‐E1 cells were cultured on zirconia discs to evaluate the bioactivity and osteogenic effect of modified zirconia. The living&dead fluorescence staining and CCK‐8 assay showed that the specimens were non‐toxic and significantly promoted cell proliferation. In addition, the cell proliferation was enhanced with the increase of zirconia surface roughness. Polycrystalline particles modified zirconia were beneficial to cell spreading. After osteogenic induction, MC3T3‐E1 cells inoculated on modified zirconia exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization activity and up‐regulated osteogenesis‐related gene expression. Above all, in situ synthesized polycrystalline particulates significantly improve the biological activity of zirconia, which will promote the widespread application of zirconia implants.
Identification of potential inhibitors, conformational dynamics, and mechanistic insights into mutant Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (G13D) driven cancers
Authors: Tayubi Iftikhar A. , Kumar S. Udhaya , Doss C. George Priya
Published: July 2022

The mutations at the hotspot region of K‐Ras result in the progression of cancer types. Our study aimed to explore the small molecule inhibitors against the G13D mutant K‐Ras model with anti‐cancerous activity from food and drug administration (FDA)‐approved drug compounds. We implemented several computational strategies such as pharmacophore‐based virtual screening, molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion features, and molecular simulation to ensure the identified hit compounds have potential efficacy against G13D K‐Ras. We found that the FDA‐approved compounds, namely, azelastine, dihydrocodeine, paroxetine, and tramadol, are potential candidates to inhibit the action of G13D mutant K‐Ras. All four compounds exhibited similar binding patterns of sotorasib, and a structural binding mechanism with significant hydrophobic contacts. The descriptor features from the QikProp of all four compounds are within allowable limits compared to sotorasib drug. Consequently, a molecular simulation result emphasized that the dihydrocodeine and tramadol exhibited less fluctuation, minimal basin, significant h‐bonds, and potent inhibition against G13D K‐Ras. As a result, the current research identifies prospective K‐Ras inhibitors that could be further improved with biochemical analysis for precision medicine against K‐Ras‐driven cancers.