bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indirect Effects of Task-switching on Reading Comprehension via Decoding Skills among Adolescents with Autism
Authors: Ober Teresa , Homer Bruce D. , Plass Jan L.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: We examined whether variation in task-switching indirectly predicted variation in reading comprehension by way of variation in decoding, and furthermore, whether this effect differed among adolescents with ASD compared to an age-matched control group. Methods: We examined whether the association between task-switching and reading comprehension was mediated by decoding among a sample of autistic adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 45, Mage = 14.9 years) and an age-matched comparison group (N = 43, Mage = 14.3 years). Analyses were conducted using path models to test for direct effects of decoding and task switching on reading comprehension, as well as indirect effects of task-switching on reading comprehension by way of decodingResults: Though the indirect effect did not significantly differ between the ASD and comparison groups, the indirect effect of task-switching on reading comprehension via decoding was only significant among adolescents with ASD. This suggest that task-switching plays a particularly prominent role in decoding and reading comprehension among adolescents with ASD.Conclusion: Though further work is necessary to replicate this effect, the findings may have implications for interventions that may target improvements in word reading abilities as a means for improving reading comprehension outcomes among youth with ASD.
System alignment supports cross-domain learning and zero-shot generalisation
Authors: Aho Kaarina , Roads Brett , Love Bradley C.
Published: November 2021

Recent findings suggest conceptual relationships hold across modalities. For instance, if two concepts occur in similar linguistic contexts, they also likely occur in similar visual contexts. These similarity structures may provide a valuable signal for system alignment when learning to map between domains, such as when learning the names of objects. To assess this possibility, we conducted a paired-associate learning experiment in which participants mapped objects that varied on two visual features to locations that varied along two spatial dimensions. We manipulated whether the featural and spatial systems were \textit{aligned} or \textit{misaligned}. Although system alignment was not required to complete this supervised learning task, we found that participants learned more efficiently when systems aligned and that aligned systems facilitated zero-shot generalisation. We fit a variety of models to individuals' responses and found that models which included an offline unsupervised alignment mechanism best accounted for human performance. Our results provide empirical evidence that people align entire representation systems to accelerate learning, even when learning seemingly arbitrary associations between two domains.
Recreational Psychedelic Users Frequently Encounter Complete Mystical Experiences: Trip Content and Implications for Wellbeing
Authors: Qiu Tianhong Tim , Minda John Paul
Published: November 2021

A growing proportion of the population is engaging in recreational psychedelic use. Psychedelics are uniquely capable of reliably occasioning mystical experiences in ordinary humans without contemplative or religious backgrounds. While clinical research has made efforts to characterize psychedelic experiences, comparably little is understood about how humans naturalistically engage with psychedelics. The present study employs a mixed-methods approach to examine the content and implications of psychedelic and mystical experiences, occurring outside of laboratory settings. We use text mining analyses to arrive at a qualitative description of psychedelic experiential content by abstracting from over two-thousand written reports of first-person psychedelic experiences. Following up, we conducted quantitative analyses on psychometric data from a large survey (N = 1424) to reveal associations between psychedelic use practices, complete mystical experiences, and psychological wellbeing. Topic-modelling and sentiment analyses present a bottom-up description of human interactions with psychedelic compounds and the content of such experiences. Psychometric results suggest psychedelic users encounter complete mystical experiences in high proportions, dependent on factors such as drug type and dose-response effects. Furthermore, a salient association was established between diverse metrics of wellbeing and those with complete mystical experiences. Our results paint a new picture of the growing relationships between humans and psychedelic experiences in the real-world use context. Ordinary humans appear to encounter complete mystical experiences via recreational psychedelic use, and such experiences are strongly associated with improved psychological wellbeing.
The development of language achievement gaps by migration background during primary school - A path-model of educational inequalities
Authors: Sprong Stefanie L. , Skopek Jan
Published: November 2021

Education is key to the structural integration of immigrants and their children. While research indicates that migrant educational underachievement is a serious issue, relatively little is known about when, how and why migrant gaps develop. Hitherto, longitudinal research on skill gaps is scarce. The current paper adds to the literature by investigating how much of the migration-related disparities found during primary school can be attributed to inequalities that already existed before school life. To do so, it uses structural equation modelling and draws on a national longitudinal study of children in Ireland. Results indicate that migration-related disparities largely find their roots in the period before formal schooling, after which they remain relatively stable or even decrease. This implies that researchers and policymakers may want to focus their efforts on the period proceeding primary school.
PELATIHAN PENGUASAAN MENGETIK CEPAT 10 JARI DENGAN METODE DRILL DI SMK NEGERI 5 BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Suripto Suripto , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Maryani Eri
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this service is to improve mastery skills and skills in fast typing for students of SMKN 5 Bandar Lampung. For the problems faced by students, namely how to apply fast typing using the drill method in order to complete work related to typing, which can be completed quickly, correctly and on time. The long-term target to be achieved in this activity is closely related to the problem of using the drill method using the typing test application which covers a very wide range for students, teachers and secretaries which leads to improving their performance. The steps taken to master fast typing are through coaching and improving fast typing exercises by using several typing test applications using the drill method. The output of this activity is the scientific article Shinta 4 Lancang Kuning University, activity videos, and service profiles published at the University of Lampung dedication seminar. The methods used are interesting discussions, lectures and practicals, about the drill method in the typing test. By holding fast typing training with the Drill method, it is intended for students of SMKN 5 Bandar Lampung, to be able to further improve their mastery and skills in fast typing.
PELATIHAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI PLTS DALAM MENANGGULANGI HAMA BURUNG PENCURI IKAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI IKAN NILA
Authors: Jondra I Wayan , Mudiarni Ni Wayan , Sukarma I Nyoman , Ardana I Wayan Raka , Sunaya I Nengah
Published: November 2021

Bird pests and humans thieving  have disturbance the "Mina Yukti" fish cultivator group, in a day the fish can be eaten up to 4 herons, this is known by the presence of fish bones scattered on near of the pond. This problem affect to the food security of this group, especially in this pandemic crisis era. To overcome this problem is to install lighting installations, because the location of the pool is far from the PLN installation, solar panel  is used to supply the lighting consumption. This activity is packaged in the form of training and installation of PLTS and lighting installations. The training is carried out interactively by according to the principles of andragogy, so that the output of theoretical and practical training is to produce competent personnel and the final construction of solar panel and Lighting Installations. The solar panel installed with a capacity of 100WP, the problems of this group can be solved. In the installation of this solar panel  installation does not use an inverter, to increase the efficiency of PLTS. The training activities, construction and installation of PLTS and lighting installations were carried out by 90 people consisting of lecturers, education staff, students and members of the fish cultivator group “Mina Yukti.
Gas Injection Optimization to Increase Oil Production at MRA PT. PHE ONWJ
Authors: Sulistyarso Harry Budiharjo , Suhascaryo KRT Nur , Goni Mochamad Jalal Abdul
Published: November 2021

The MRA platform is one of the offshore platforms located in the north of the Java Sea. The MRA platform has 4 production wells, namely MRA-2ST, MRA-4ST, MRA-5, and MRA-6 wells. The 4 production wells are produced using an artificial lift in the form of a gas lift. The limited gas lift at the MRA Platform at 3.1 MMSCFD makes the production of wells at the MRA Platform not optimal because the wells in the MRA Platform are experiencing insufficient gas lift. Optimization of gas lift injection is obtained by redistribution of gas lift injection for each. The results of the analysis in this study indicate that the optimum gas lift injection for the MRA-2ST well is 0.5552 MMSCFD, the MRA-6 well is 1.0445 MMSCFD, the MRA-5 well is 0.7657 MMSCFD, finally the MRA-4ST well with gas injection. lift is 0.7346 MMSCFD. The manual gas lift in the MRA-4ST is also replaced based on an economic feasibility analysis to ensure that the gas lift injection for each well can be kept constant. The redistribution of gas lift carried out by the author has increased the total production rate of the MRA Platform by 11,160 BO/year or approximately USD 781,200/year. Keywords: Gas lift; Insufficient; Optimization
De la fragmentation de la procréation à l’effacement des femmes
Authors: Langevin Louise
Published: November 2021

Si l’accès à une contraception efficace a permis une sexualité sans procréation, les techniques de procréation assistée ont rendu possible la fragmentation de la maternité. Ainsi, grâce à l’aliénation (don) de gamètes, à la fécondation in vitro et à la congélation d’ovules et d’embryons, la procréation peut se produire hors du corps, hors du couple et hors du temps. Bien que ces techniques aient permis à des personnes infertiles de devenir parents, la fragmentation a causé une perte de contrôle des femmes sur leurs corps. Une analyse de trois situations de procréation assistée encadrées par le droit québécois et canadien démontre qu’elles conduisent à l’effacement des femmes. Cette situation est assez paradoxale, puisque toutes les techniques se déploient dans le corps des femmes et qu’ultimement, la grossesse se déroule aussi dans leur corps. La présente analyse se fonde sur un cadre théorique féministe appliqué au droit.
Disproportionality of Sanctions for Illegal and Unethical Teacher Behavior
Authors: Guthery Sarah , Richards Meredith P.
Published: November 2021

We use data from Texas spanning 2007–2017 to explore the frequency of teacher sanctions for illegal and unethical behavior and their disproportionality by teacher characteristics. Analyses reveal that the overall incidence of teacher sanctioning is low, with teachers most frequently sanctioned for sexually related offenses. Consistent with documented disproportionalities in student discipline, we find key disproportionalities in teacher sanctions by gender and race: Overall, male, Black, and Hispanic teachers are overrepresented among sanctioned teachers. However, we also observe important interactions between race and gender. Notably, for example, Black female teachers are particularly likely to be sanctioned for contract and financial violations, while Black male teachers are particularly likely to be sanctioned for drugs and violence. We conclude with implications for policy.
Теория государства и права: учебное пособие для вузов, [электронное издание сетевого распространения] / сост. Д. И. Асланов, О. П. Мелешко, Филиал СГПИ в г. Ессентуки. – М.: «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2021. – 137 с.
Authors: Асланов Д. И. , Мелешко О. П.
Published: November 2021

Учебное пособие написано в форме курса лекций и раскрывает основные вопросы по всем темам дисциплины «Теория государства и права» в соответствии с требованиями современных образовательных стандартов. Краткая форма изложения учебного материала позволяет использовать пособие в качестве дополнительного источника информации при подготовке к различным формам итоговых испытаний по теории государства и права. Для студентов бакалавриата, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки «История», преподавателей юридических вузов и факультетов. Пособие может быть использовано студентами ссузов в процессе обучения и будет полезно всем, интересующимся основами юриспруденции.
Improvement of technology of fish semi-finished products with addition of non-сonventional raw materials
Authors: Нolembovska N. , Slobodianiuk Nataliia , Israelian Valentyna
Published: November 2021

Considering the results of studies of the scientific literature on the nutritional value and biological effectiveness of cranberries and goji berries, it was established that the development of technology of semi-finished products with their use is relevant and has practical significance in the technology of fish product production. The technology for the production of moulded fish semi-finished products opens up new opportunities in the field of rational use of secondary fish raw materials, making it possible to expand the range of functional fish products based on natural components, which will to some extent expand the current problem of processing raw materials of inland waters of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to determine the biological value of new fish semi-finished products based on a combination of freshwater fish and non-conventional raw materials. The research presents the results of studies of the chemical composition, organoleptic evaluation and physicochemical changes of semi-finished products with the addition of nonconventional raw materials and the establishment of their shelf life. It was established that the control sample after 90 days of storage undergoes hydrolytic deterioration, which indicates intensive hydrolysis of lipids and accumulation of free fatty acids in this sample. In experimental samples, hydrolytic deterioration gradually increases and reaches a critical point only by the end of the shelf life. Oxidation processes in lipids of semi-finished products were explored by changes in the accumulation of primary oxidation products – peroxides and secondary products – carbonyl compounds. According to the dynamics of changes in the peroxide number of lipids of semifinished products, it was established that the control sample during 60-135 days is not subject to storage, and in the experimental samples after 135 days the quality of fat deteriorates and is described as not subject to storage. The authors have established that the developed technology of fish semi-finished products will significantly expand the range of functional products based on natural components, which will allow expanding the current problem of processing raw materials in inland waters of Ukraine to some extent
Factors of transformation of the dairy subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine
Authors: Yemtsev Viktor , Slobodianiuk Nataliia
Published: November 2021

One of the main ways to overcome the existing problem of providing the country’s population with proteins of animal origin is, among other things, to increase the production and consumption of milk and dairy products. Based on this, consideration of the existing problems of the functioning of the dairy subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of the country is extremely relevant. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of the subcomplex and to develop practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of its functioning. The research was based on the application of methods: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, factor and economic and statistical comparative analysis, analytical and logical generalisations, etc. In contrast to the existing positive trend of growth in milk production in the world, in dairy farming in Ukraine, there is a constant reduction in the number of cows and milk production. Over the past 10 years alone, the number of cattle in the country has decreased by 1.952 million heads, including cows by 0.958 million heads, and milk production in 2020 amounted to 9.263 million tons of milk (17.64% less than in 2010). There was a reduction in the number of milk processing enterprises. Thus, in 2020, there were only 192 of them left (of which 178 worked) or only 29.86% of their number in 1990. All this resulted in the fact that the actual consumption of milk per capita in 2020 was only 53.13% of the scientifically based standards of consumption of milk and dairy products. According to the results of the research, it was established that the decrease in the number of cows, without considering the growth of their productivity in farms of all categories, reduced the production of dairy raw materials. The results of the research allow identifying the main factors that affect the reduction in the production of milk and its derivatives. After analysing the state and trends in the development of dairy farming, it can be argued that the increase in the production of quality and safe milk and its supply for processing requires the cooperation of farms and households. Together, they can ensure the stability of production of the necessary volumes of milk, appropriate quality and safety and ensure the supply of significant volumes of raw materials to large processors. Possible areas and innovative technologies of animal husbandry and milk production and processing require further research
Influence of biochemical properties of raw materials on the change of quality of salted fish products
Authors: Ivaniuta Anastasiia , Menchynska A. А. , Ochkolyas O. М. , Tsui Ch. , Nesterenko Nataliia , Manoli T. A.
Published: November 2021

According to the state of development of the fishery industry of Ukraine and increasing requirements for the quality of food products, it is relevant to address issues of preventing losses of fish products from spoilage of microbial origin, protecting them from oxidation, ensuring proper quality, safety and competitiveness of finished products sold on the Ukrainian market. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the biochemical properties of raw materials on the change in the quality of salted fish products. The research explores the influence of the biochemical properties of raw materials on the change of quality of salted fish products packed in a modified environment. The main reasons for the deterioration of the quality of salted fish products are described. Possible areas for increasing the stability of salted fish products during storage are presented. The level of activity of tissue proteolytic enzymes is one of the main factors that characterise the maturation rate of salted fish, and the mass fraction of fat can determine the degree of influence of carbon dioxide on muscle tissue during storage. Accordingly, the results of the study of the initial fish raw materials, namely the mass fraction of fat and enzymatic activity of muscle tissue are presented. It was established that fish raw materials had significant differences in both the mass fraction of fat and enzyme activity. The results of studies of the physical and chemical parameters of salted fish products packed in a modified environment are presented. Initial composition of the gas mixture: 40% CO₂ and 60% N₂. High-barrier bags were used for packaging. The results of the experimental studies demonstrated that in terms of changes in quality indicators, the packaging of salted fish in a modified environment is most effective for products from non-fat raw materials with low total acidity and proteolytic enzyme activity. The practical value of the scientific work is to develop promising areas for improving the sustainability of salted fish products by using modified environments. Despite a significant amount of scientific research in the field of packaging, systematic studies of such products have not been conducted, thus, the practical application of modified environments raises the greatest number of questions for manufacturers regarding the reliable sustainability of products
Study of the efficiency of using beet syrup in products based on the principles of nutrition
Authors: Kryzhova Yu. P. , Deiak O. S.
Published: November 2021

The relevance of this research is to provide the population with food products that, when consumed regularly or excessively for a long time, have not caused any health problems. Thus, the purpose of the work was to use beet syrup and beets in the technology of kinds of ketchup and sauces based on the principles of nutrition. Standard research methods were used to achieve the results. The practical value of the scientific work is the development of food products for healthy nutrition, environmentally and medico-biologically safe, high nutritional value with reduced sugar, salt, high fibre and protein content, and low energy value. The research substantiates the usage of beet syrup and beet in ketchup technology, and the advantages of the developed recipes for human health. In addition, the physicochemical composition of beet syrup, which contains 93.5% of dry matter, the composition and content of beet syrup sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose), the total sugar content is 48.8 g/100 g, which is 50.2 g/100 g less than that of regular sugar. The ratio of prescription ingredients established by experimental experiments on organoleptic indicators is substantiated. The water activity index was explored, which is 0.92 for sample No. 2, 0.93 for sample No. 1, and 0.935 for the control sample, which will positively affect their shelf life. Studies of the chemical composition demonstrated that the protein content in sample No. 1 increased by 33%, in sample No. 2 – by 56% compared to the control sample; sugar content decreased by 42.7% in sample No. 1 and by 50.6% in sample No. 2; vitamin C content increased, fibre content increased 3 times, the developed products are enriched with iron, phosphorus, potassium. The Nutri-score calculation demonstrated that the developed samples according to recipes No. 1 and No. 2 belong to categories A and B and are more balanced and useful for human health, which indicates the high nutritional value of the products. The energy value of the developed samples exceeds the control one. The energy value (kcal/100 g) of sample No. 1 is 100, sample No. 2 – 89.5, control sample – 104
Honey as a component of marinade for semi-finished meat products
Authors: Tyshchenko L. M. , Pylypchuk Oksana , Adamchuk L. O. , Akulonok O. I.
Published: November 2021

The specific features of the biochemical composition and properties of raw meat determine the necessity of finding new technologies for its processing to obtain new products with high consumer properties. The actual area of technology development is the enrichment of raw meat with useful components with functional and technological properties that have high biological value: api products and products of plant origin.The purpose of the work was to develop a marinade with the addition of honey and to explore its effect on the semi-finished meat product, depending on the duration of marinating. Selection of samples for investigations and their preparation for analysis was performed according to GOST 4288-76 “Culinary and semi-finished products of minced meat. Acceptance rules and test methods”, organoleptic examinations were performed according to DSTU 4426:2005, moisture content determination – GOST 9793-74 “Meat products. Methods for determination of moisture”, the amount of fat – for GOST 23042-86 “Meat and meat products, “Methods for determination of fat”, the amount of protein – GOST 25011-81 “Meat and meat products. Methods for determination of protein”, determination of ash content – GOST 31727-2012 “Meat and meat products. Determination of mass fraction of total ash”, determination of pH – GOST 26188-84 “Products of fruits and vegetables processing, canned meat and meat. Determination of pH”, and determination of fibre-forming and fibre-retaining properties were performed through sample preparation and determination of fibre content. According to the scheme of the experiment, the research technology was determined. The research results of the initial raw meat, honey and marinated semifinished product are presented in the study. It was established that the decrease in the pH of the marinated semi-finished product during the 24-hour exposure period ensures the stability of the meat to storage, as most bacteria develop at high pH values, while on acidic nutrient media below 6.2, their development is slowed down. Long marinating allows obtaining meat with increased moisture binding and moisture retention capacity and improved consistency and juiciness. The task of establishing new products requires new approaches and techniques of technology. Using apiproducts that have antioxidant properties will allow refraining from using preservatives and stabilisers of chemical origin. Thus, honey can be used in the composition of marinated meat products. The introduction of active components of honey into the marinade will extend the shelf life and adjust the organoleptic properties. In addition, during heat treatment, the meat marinated with honey marinade acquires new taste qualities, and the appearance becomes brighter due to the caramelisation of honey
Analytical aspects of depression among elderly
Authors: Madikattu kalpana , M Vamshikrishna
Published: November 2021

The depressive states of the elderly are frequent and difficult to diagnose due mainly to their clinical heterogeneity. One of the reasons for the increase in the rate of suicide in the over 80 years is probably the non-recognition of depressive states. Thymicand affective complaints frequently occur with advancing age and are too often attributed to the consequences of normal aging, which is accompanied by the successive losses that characterize old age.
Defining Stupidity
Authors: F Welles James
Published: November 2021

We are naturally stupid. That is, we can be stupid just by being ourselves. In fact, this article is based on two fundamental contentions: we cannot really understand ourselves without understanding stupidity, and if we understand stupidity, we will understand our-selves.
Öğretmenler Beklenen Büyük Depreme Hazır mı?
Authors: TIN Özal , KAYA Ahmet , GÜZEN Seyit Ahmet
Published: November 2021

Deprem, oldukça yıkıcı maddi ve manevi sonuçları olan doğal afetlerdendir. Türkiye’nin yer aldığı bölge sismik hareketler açısından önemli deprem bölgelerinden birinde yer almaktadır. Türkiye’nin deprem riski taşıyan bölgelerinden biri de Doğu Anadolu Fay Sistemi (DAFS) üzerinde olan Gölbaşı – Türkoğlu fay parçasıdır. Söz konusu fay parçasında meydana gelen son büyük deprem (8 şiddetinde) 1795 yılında meydana gelmiş ve yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde bölgede 7.7 şiddetinde deprem beklendiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu amaçla; bahsedilen fay parçasının üzerinde yer alan Kahramanmaraş/Türkoğlu’nda görevli olan öğretmenlerin “Sağlık İnanç Modeli” kapsamında, beklenen bu büyük depreme bireysel hazırlık düzeyleriyle ilgili çalışma yapılmıştır. 300 öğretmenle nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama ve ilişkisel araştırma modeli kullanılarak yürütülen bu araştırma, demografik değişkenler olan yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, çocuk sayısı, yaşanılan yer, afet deneyimi, 24 Ocak Elazığ Depremi’ni yaşama durumu, deprem çantası ve afet eğitimi durumları açılarından incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretmenlerin depreme karşı bireysel hazırlık düzeylerinin ortadan yüksek düzeyde olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca yaşı daha büyük, evli, çocuk ve ev sahibi, afet ve Elazığ Depremi deneyimine sahip, deprem çantası hazırlayan ve afet eğitimi almış olanların depreme bireysel hazırlık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu nedenle öğretmenlerde bireysel hazırlıkların yüksek düzeye çıkarılması yönünde çok yönlü çalışmalar ve planlamalar yapılması önerilmektedir.
Vasily Abaev: the Russian Antistructuralist
Authors: Alpatov Vladimir Mikhailovich
Published: November 2021

Some linguists did not accept the structural ideas in the 1920s–1950s. One of the serious critics of structural linguistics in the Soviet Union was Vasily I. Abaev (1900–2001). His works on general linguistics were ignored or criticized though some of Abaev’s ideas were interesting. He distinguished two sides of language: “language as ideology” and “language as techniques”. According to him, every “element of speech” has a “technical and empiric nucleus” and an “ideological envelope” consisting of unstable “notions, sentiments and associations”. He considered structural methods as convenient if this level of language is mainly systematic (phonology), however, did not see much use in them concerning syntax and semantics.
On the meanings of the terms dhāraṇī and mantra in the Buddhist written tradition
Authors: Shomakhmadov Safarali Kh.
Published: November 2021

The article comprises an analysis of some of the most important terms in  the Buddhist religious tradition –dhāraṇīandmantra. It is based upon research of the  Buddhist canonical and post-canonical texts. Among others, the article sets to clarify  whether it is possible to identify the terms ofdhāraṇīandmantraalso as ‘spells’, ‘incantations’ or ‘invocations’. Special attention is paid to the study of the semantic areas  of the terms in question. This aims to clarify whether thedhāraṇīandmantracan be  considered synonyms. The article also examines the approaches of Russian and foreign  scholarly traditions, which interpreted the meaning of these terms. On a parallel basis, it analyzes the meaning of the termdhāraṇīrecorded in Buddhist canonical and  post-canonical texts. Additionally, the article comprises a research of the technical  terms, which are synonymous fordhāraṇīandmantra, however, used in both authentic  (Indian) and non-endemic zones and the relevant traditions, where the Buddhist teaching was also popular, i.e. in Tibet, China and Japan. As a result, the author concludes  as follows. On the ‘popular level’ of the functioning of Buddhist doctrine (protection  from illnesses, robbers, bites of poisonous snakes and insects, etc.) both termsdhāraṇī andmantracan be certainly bear the meaning as ‘spells’, ‘incantations’ or ‘invocations’.  On the level of the meditative practice of the consciousness transformation, which aims  to the final liberation from affects, bothdhāraṇīandmantrafunction as a ‘mental construct’. On the one hand, they protect the ascetic consciousness they protect the ascetic  consciosness (manas-tra) from afflictions, on the other, they provide the mental comprehension ‘grasping’ and firm holding (dhāraṇa) in memory of the aspects of religious  doctrine, that, ultimately, leads to the Nirvāṇa obtaining. In both cases,dhāraṇīand  mantrafunction as synonyms, with the only difference thatdhāraṇīis a product of  Buddhist ideologists who sought to identify a break from the previous religious tradition – Brahmanism.
Mingtang and Tiantang of the Empess Wu Zetian (624–705)
Authors: Skrypnik Ekaterina S.
Published: November 2021

The article examines how the image of the “Bright Hall” ( Mingtang 明堂) was  used in the ideological policy of Wu Zetian  武則天 (624–705). The Empress Wu Zetian  was the first and only woman in the history of China who received the male title of em peror (Huangdi  皇帝) and founded a new state – Great Zhou (Da Zhou 大 周; 690–705).  Traditionally, the history of the "Bright Hall" dates back to the Archaic times. The  Ming[1] tang was one of the most important symbols of the Empire and also a political, administrative and religious centre. During the period under review, the Mingtang performed  functions of its archaic prototype, which, most likely, should have put the Empress on a  par with the semi-legendary rulers from Antiquity. Besides, The Empress was a patron  of the Buddhist teachings. This has found its reflection in the type of official ceremonies  held there. The “Bright Hall” became the place for holding Buddhist religious events.  The “Heavenly Hall” (Tiantang  天堂), which became the seat of the majestic statue of  Buddha, was also included in the complex. During the reign of Wu Zetian, the “Bright  Hall” had to be built twice after the first Mingtang (constructed in 689) was destroyed  by fire. The Empress ordered the complex to be re-built as soon as possible. This fact  shows how important was considered the "Bright Hall" for the purpose of modelling  the image of an ideal ruler. While observing the events, which took place in Mingtang,  one can notice how diverse was the religious policy of Wu Zetian. It is also evident that  the Empress tried to make Buddhist ceremonies a part of the state rituals. There is also  no doubt that the purpose of holding both traditional and Buddhist ceremonies in the  “Bright Hall” was to confirm the legitimacy of Wu Zetian as an Emperor.
Modeling and Control of Underactuated Three-Dimensional Overhead Crane Systems
Authors: Magdi S. Mahmoud  , Nezar M. Alyazidi  , Abdalrahman M. Hassanine
Published: November 2021

Overhead crane systems play a vital role in different factories to transport heavy loads. This paper provides an overview of recent developments in the modeling and control of three-dimensional overhead crane systems. It provides a categorized survey of the published work. Different control methodologies when applied to overhead crane are examined, outlined and assessed to aid for future work.
Indoor Mobile Robot Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance Using a 3D Camera and Laser Scanner
Authors: Kucsera Peter
Published: November 2021

Thanks to the developing sensor technology in mobile robot navigation and obstacle avoidance there are new and affordable solutions which can be used to accomplish smooth, safe and reliable robot movement in an indoor environment. A laser scanner is a commonly used sensor for detecting obstacles as well as for navigation, but a laser scanner is unable to detect all the different obstacles and terrain features by itself. In this article complementary sensors are examined, on a real mobile robot platform. Communication between the sensors and the controller and the basic control possibilities are also discussed. Finally, an advertising mobile robot is described.
Unique Natural Values of the Military Training Area Záhories
Authors: Kustrová Milota
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of natural science research on plant and animal communities in the military training area Záhorie. Nineteen habitats of Community Interest and six habitats of National Interest have been recorded in the area. The paper underlines the importance of the existing military training areas and military activities for biodiversity conservation, and also notes the need to implement measures to rescue valuable habitats.
The Examination of the Economical Effectiveness of Forest Fire Suppression by Using Theoretical Fire Spread Models
Authors: Restás Ágoston
Published: November 2021

It is commonly known that firefighting is very expensive solution; therefore it isn’t useless to study it by the criteria of efficiency. But the meaning of efficiency for fire managers can be different from the meaning of efficiency for economists. From an economic viewpoint, it is stricter than from a technical view. Method: this research used geometric aspects of the fire spread created rectangular and concentric circles models and used basic mathematic calculations and logical conclusions. Results and discussion: The rectangular model shows the criteria of economic efficiency of firefighting. Moreover, the results from rectangular model can be transferred also to the section of concentric circles model. Based on the concentric circle model we can define both the economic efficiency of fighting forest fire and minimal criteria of successful suppression expressed by the elementary information we have regarding the actual fire.
Wetland Ecosystems in Hungary’s Nature Conservation Areas and Problems Relating to their Economic Utilization, from the Aspect of Nature Conservation
Authors: Hegedűs Hajnalka
Published: November 2021

If our current way of life is to be kept sustainable, particular attention must be paid to the management of the world around us – including our environmental conditions, natural resources and assets, and particularly the available water resources – and to the protection of natural elements that are, for whatever reason, of crucial importance for all of us. The aims and methods of the necessary protection are, however, not always compatible with farming activities and forms of land use that have been practiced, in some cases, for centuries. This article describes some of the incompatibilities and conflicts between various forms of farming and the relatively new domestic nature conservation activities, with a focus on Hungary’s nature conservation areas and particularly its wetland ecosystems. This is followed by a discussion of problems associated with such conflicts and proposals for resolving them.
Data Mining in Cyber Threat Analysis : Neural Networks for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Bognár Eszter Katalin
Published: November 2021

The most important features and constraints of the commercial intrusion detection (IDS) and prevention (IPS) systems and the possibility of application of artificial intelligence and neural networks such as IDS or IPS were investigated. A neural network was trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm and applied on the Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD)’99 [14] reference dataset. A very high (99.9985%) accuracy and rather low (3.006%) false alert rate was achieved, but only at the expense of high memory consumption and low computation speed. To overcome these limitations, the selection of training data size was investigated. Result shows that a neural network trained on ca. 50,000 data is enough to achieve a detection accuracy of 99.82%.
Creative Thinking Skills in Social Studies Written Exam Questions
Authors: OZALP M. Talha , AKPINAR Mehmet
Published: November 2021

In this study, Social Studies teachers tried to examine the questions in their exams according to their creative thinking skills. In the study document analysis and semi-structured interview methods were used for this purpose. A total of 2,065 questions were examined from the examinations prepared by 61 teachers working in 20 different schools in Ortahisar, which is in the central district of Trabzon. The exam questions were examined in terms of the question types commonly used in education, their class levels and their status for creative thinking skills according to their subjects. The SPSS program was used in the analysis of the questions and the findings were presented using frequency and percentage tables and graphs. Interviews with teachers were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. The themes were created from the data obtained from the interview answers. The themes were reflected on the tables according to the frequency of the teachers’ answers. For better understanding of the findings, examples of the teachers’ exam questions and direct quotations from teachers’ answers are given under the tables and graphics. As a result of the research, it was determined that the exam questions prepared by the social studies teachers were inadequate to develop and measure the creative thinking skills of the students.
O papel histórico da inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho e sua dupla jornada
Authors: Araújo Gizelda Rodrigues de , Freitas Josiane Machado Fagundes , Souza Nayara Aryan Melo
Published: November 2021

Esse estudo objetiva compreender o papel histórico da participação feminina no mercado de trabalho, bem como a articulação entre o trabalho doméstico e remunerado. Partiu-se do seguinte questionamento: como se estabelece as relações entre as desigualdades de gênero e as dificuldades das mulheres na articulação entre o trabalho doméstico e o trabalho remunerado? Dessa forma, é justificável essa pesquisa pela observância da realidade no concerne à dupla jornada, ou até mesmo tripla jornada, das mulheres uruaçuenses, a qual se verifica a concomitância do trabalho remunerado com os afazeres domésticos, e em muitos casos, ainda, o estudo. O artigo em questão se trata de uma pesquisa de campo e, de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho exploratório, desenvolvido com uma amostragem de 50 mulheres, na zona urbana de Uruaçu, escolhidas de forma aleatória, mediante um questionário de 16 perguntas, objetivas e subjetivas, com o propósito de investigar se as mulheres uruaçuenses também compartilham desta dupla jornada. Conclui-se, então, que se faz necessário maiores investimentos em políticas públicas no sentido de garantir uma valorização trabalhista, até mesmo em termos de direitos previdenciários, uma vez que esse quantitativo de horas trabalhadas pelas mulheres, não são contabilizadas para efeitos de aposentadoria.
Documentación latino-romance ‘non dispositiva’ na emerxencia do galego escrito
Authors: Gutiérrez Pichel Ricardo
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo edítase un conxunto de documentos híbridos latino romances medievais, pertencentes ao ámbito privado (de interese particular) e definidos pola súa intranscendencia xurídica directa (finalidade exclusivamente probatoria). O obxectivo da análise destes textos é incidir nas características lingüísticas deste tipo de documentación e, dentro da etapa de emerxencia (sécs. XII XIII), nas pautas de introdución do elemento romance no discurso diplomático latino.
prosodia de Camelle: descrición acústica dunha fala
Authors: Escourido Pernas Ana Belén
Published: November 2021

Preséntase o Córpora e a metodoloxía que o grupo galego do proxecto Atlas Multimedia Prosodique de l’Espace Roman (AMPER) emprega nas súas investigacións. E seguindo estas pautas descríbese o comportamento dos principais índices acústicos da prosodia (F0, duración e enerxía), a partir das gravacións feitas a unha informante feminina natural do concello de Camelle, na Costa da Morte.
Avaliación dun etiquetador automático estatístico para o galego actual: Xiada
Authors: Domínguez Noya Eva María , Barcala Rodríguez Francisco Mario , Molinero Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2021

Neste traballo avaliamos, dende o punto de vista lingüístico, un etiquetador automático estatístico, desenvolto conxuntamente polo Centro Ramón Piñeiro para a Investigación en Humanidades e o Grupo COLE das Universidades de Vigo e A Coruña, destinado a etiquetar os documentos do Corpus de Referencia do Galego Actual co obxecto de proporcionar recursos e ferramentas para a análise lingüística computacional do galego actual.
Ondas e mareas: palabras que van e veñen
Authors: Cajaraville Araujo Héctor
Published: November 2021

Neste artigo realízase unha recollida comparativa en diferentes lugares da costa galega de termos relacionados co mundo do mar, en concreto coas ondas e as mareas; é dicir, conceptos inmateriais que, talvez pola maior dificultade para traballar sobre eles, quedaron tradicionalmente excluídos en estudos deste tipo, máis centrados en elementos concretos: embarcacións, flora e fauna, artes, aparellos... A recompilación está realizada a partir dunha serie de entrevistas colectivas a mariñeiros xubilados en seis localidades representativas de cada unha das áreas lingüísticas costeiras, e é mostra da inmensa variedade que posúe o léxico patrimonial galego para se referir a unha realidade, a do mar, á que Galicia está vinculada de maneira indisoluble.
paixase lingüística: unha análise dun espazo público galego
Authors: López Docampo Miguel
Published: November 2021

Neste estudo aplícase por primeira vez a Pontevedra a liña de investigación sociolingüística iniciada por Landry e Bourhis (1997) sobre a Paisaxe Lingüística (PL). Esta consiste na análise da presenza escrita de distintas linguas en espazos públicos, de modo que reflicte a súa vitalidade e pode considerarse unha fonte de información adicional sobre o contexto sociolingüístico. Ademais, A PL tamén contribúe á explicación das razóns que levan ao uso dunha lingua en lugar doutra.

O estudo da Paisaxe Lingüística resulta especialmente interesante en Pontevedra pola situación de conflito lingüístico existente en toda Galicia entre a lingua propia (o galego) e a lingua foránea (o castelán). Os datos cuantificables sobre a utilidade pública do galego nas rúas de Pontevedra reflectirán a súa vitalidade.
estudo da paisaxe lingüística en Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Wellings Matthew
Published: November 2021

O estudo da Paisaxe Lingüística (PL) aplícase por primeira vez en Santiago de Compostela por medio da cuantificación e análise da presenza de diferentes linguas (nomeadamente galego e español, mais tamén outras) nos textos escritos do espazo público. O estudo da PL resulta especialmente relevante en Galicia ao tratarse dunha comunidade cun bilingüismo historicamente diglósico. Obsérvanse interesantes tendencias nas linguas empregadas dependendo da zona da cidade e autoría do sinal. Cuantifícase un maior uso do galego nos textos de autoría ‘institucional’, onde predomina o galego, aínda que non se usa exclusivamente esta lingua, fronte aos textos privados, nos que existe máis variedade e un notable predominio do español. Constatáronse, ademais, diferenzas significativas entre as zonas “nova” e “vella” da cidade, con máis diversidade na segunda fronte ao predominio moi marcado do español na zona nova. Se a PL é un espazo de loita importante para unha lingua minorizada como o galego, concluímos que neste eido aínda hai moito camiño que percorrer para poder acadar a súa normalización plena. O baixo emprego do galego na PL é indicativo dunha falta de prestixio e o seu uso neste ámbito non reflicte os usos e actitudes lingüísticas mostradas pola cidadanía noutros dominios.
uso lingüístico no ámbito comercial reflectido na paisaxe lingüística no centro de Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Kakihara Takeshi
Published: November 2021

Segundo as estatísticas, o coñecemento do galego está moi estendido malia que se reduciu bastante a porcentaxe das persoas que o usan habitualmente. Como o sector comercial é moi importante para manter e promover o uso do galego, neste traballo presentamos unha pescuda sobre a paisaxe lingüística das rúas nas zonas comerciais de Santiago de Compostela. Segundo os datos obtidos revelouse un uso escaso do galego no sector comercial, malia que existen determinados locais nos que se usa o galego máis que noutros. Analizando a razón pola que se usa máis o galego nestes casos, preténdense atopar pistas para revitalizar o uso desta lingua.
sibilantes en Zas: análise dun cambio en proceso
Authors: Rial Montes Tamara
Published: November 2021

O estudo dos sistemas de sibilantes do galego foi e segue a ser un dos puntos de maior interese para a lingüística galega por constituíren un terreo de profunda inestabilidade e pola dificultade da súa descrición. Neste artigo analízase, dende o enfoque da fonética acústica, o sistema de sibilantes de catro mulleres da localidade de Zas pertencentes a dous grupos de idade diferentes. Desta análise derívase que as mulleres de maior idade presentan un sistema dunha sibilante única, de realización apicoalveolar. Pola contra, no caso das mulleres máis novas, obsérvase un sistema non descrito anteriormente, formado por dúas unidades: a fricativa interdental xorda /θ/ e a sibilante apicoalveolar /s̺/, no que se mantén a despalatalización do /ʃ/ sen se tratar dunha fala seseante.