bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Endoplasmic Reticulum and Calcium Homeostasis in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Authors: Zhang Irina X , Raghavan Malini , Satin Leslie S
Published: December 2019

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the first steps of protein assembly within the secretory pathway and is the site where protein folding and quality control are initiated. The storage and release of Ca2+ are critical physiological functions of the ER. Disrupted ER homeostasis activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), a pathway which attempts to restore cellular equilibrium in the face of ER stress. Unremitting ER stress, and insufficient compensation for it results in beta-cell apoptosis, a process that has been linked to both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Both types are characterized by progressive beta-cell failure and a loss of beta-cell mass, although the underlying causes are different. The reduction of mass occurs secondary to apoptosis in the case of T2D, while beta cells undergo autoimmune destruction in T1D. In this review, we examine recent findings that link the UPR pathway and ER Ca2+ to beta cell dysfunction. We also discuss how UPR activation in beta cells favors cell survival versus apoptosis and death, and how ER protein chaperones are involved in regulating ER Ca2+ levels.

Abbreviations: BiP, Binding immunoglobulin Protein ER; endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD, ER-associated protein degradation; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; KHE, proton-K+ exchanger; MODY, maturity-onset diabetes of young; PERK, PRKR-like ER kinase; SERCA, Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPases; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UPR, unfolded protein response; WRS, Wolcott–Rallison syndrome.
The Curious Case of Baruch Spinoza in Walter Benjamin's “Toward the Critique of Violence”
Authors: Palma Massimo
Published: December 2019

Although Baruch Spinoza was important for thinkers of his generation, Walter Benjamin seems to have completely ignored the philosopher. Spinoza's name appears just a few times in Benjamin's works, and Spinoza's thought never seems to have been relevant to him. The only place where Benjamin quotes a text of Spinoza's, albeit between the lines, is in “Toward the Critique of Violence” (1921). Still, in this essay Benjamin is far from enthusiastic about the author of the Ethics. He names Spinoza as a proponent of natural law theory, which Benjamin dismisses in his search for a criterion with which to judge Gewalt. This article seeks to investigate Benjamin's apparent hostility to Spinoza and to reexamine the relationship between the two, from both a theoretical and a political perspective.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Thermally Stable Dialkylgermylene
Authors: Suzuki Fumiaki , Nishino Ryohei , Yukimoto Mariko , Sugamata Koh , Minoura Mao
Published: December 2019

The dialkylgermylene Trp*2Ge: (Trp*: peripherally extended sterically demanding alkyl groups based on the triptycyl (Trp) framework), was obtained from the reaction of Trp*Li with GeCl2·dioxane. The structure of Trp*2Ge: was unequivocally determined by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the reactivity of Trp*2Ge: was examined.
Caste and the Indian Economy
Authors: Munshi Kaivan
Published: December 2019

Caste plays a role at every stage of an Indian's economic life, in school, university, the labor market, and into old age. The influence of caste extends beyond private economic activity into the public sphere, where caste politics determines access to public resources. The aggregate evidence indicates that there has been convergence in education, occupations, income, and access to public resources across caste groups in the decades after independence. Some of this convergence is likely due to affirmative action, but caste-based networks could also have played an equalizing role by exploiting the opportunities that became available in a globalizing economy. Ethnic networks were once active in many advanced economies but ceased to be salient once markets developed. With economic development, it is possible that caste networks will cease to be salient in India. The affirmative action programs may also be rolled back and (statistical) discrimination in urban labor markets may come to an end if and when there is convergence across caste groups. In the interim period, however, it is important to understand the positive and negative consequences of caste involvement across a variety of spheres in the Indian economy. (JEL G22, J15, J71, O15, O17, Z13)
On the predictability of high and low prices: The case of Bitcoin
Authors: Maciel Leandro dos Santos , Ballini Rosangela
Published: December 2019

Bitcoin has attracted the attention of investors lately due to its significant market capitalization and high volatility. This work considers the modeling and forecasting of daily high and low Bitcoin prices using a fractionally cointegrated vector autoregressive (FCVAR) model. As a flexible  framework, FCVAR is able to account for two fundamental patterns of high and low financial prices: their cointegrating relationship and the long memory of their difference (i.e., the range), which is a measure of realized volatility. The analysis comprises the period from January 2012 to February 2018. Empirical findings indicate a significant cointegration relationship between daily high and low Bitcoin prices, which are integrated on an order close to the unity, and the evidence of long memory for the range. Results also indicate that high and low Bitcoin prices are predictable, and the fractionally cointegrated approach appears as a potential forecasting tool forcryptocurrencies market practitioners.
Urinary incontience after stroke
Authors: Holroyd Sharon
Published: December 2019

Normal bladder function is achieved by most in childhood. Stroke affects 15 million people worldwide every year, with incontinence affecting over half these individuals in the initial post-stroke phase. Statistically it has been shown that incontinence can increase the morbidity risk of stroke victims. The social taboo surrounding continence issues has been a challenge for many years with individuals experiencing shame and isolation. This article looks at the normal physiology associated with continence and stroke. It suggests possible treatment options during the post-stroke rehabilitation phase to encourage improved patient experience and professionals' confidence and knowledge base when treating this group of patients.
Use of information and communication technology in nursing services
Authors: Dewsbury Guy
Published: December 2019

Technology provides nurses with a new set of tools to enable and improve the nurse–patient relationship. Although not all information and communication technology is 100% accurate, it still provides the ability for readings which can be used to support the management of long-term conditions in the community. Additionally, technology can empower the patient, enabling them to take control over their condition and enable the nurses who support them. It can break down barriers, such as language and distance. However, it is not without its drawbacks. This paper considers the advantages and disadvantages of community nurses using technology.
Influence of dephasing on the Akaike-information- criterion distinguishing of quantum interference and Autler–Townes splitting in coherent systems
Authors: Liu Jinhong , Wu Jinze , Zhang Yueying , He Yanyan , Zhang Junxiang
Published: December 2019

Electromagnetically induced transparency is a quantum interference (QI) effect in a coherent system, in which the similar but distinct effect of Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) without QI also happens concurrently. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) has been proven to be an efficient and objective method to discern them by evaluating their relative AIC weights for different Rabi frequencies of the coupling field. Here, we investigate in detail the influence of the dephasing effect on the AIC weights of QI and ATS, and present the transition among destructive QI, constructive QI, and ATS without QI by controlling the dephasing rates. By comparing the effects of different dephasing rates on the QI and ATS weights, we show that the field-phase-diffusion dephasing provides more feasibility than the atom-collision dephasing in control of QI and ATS. Therefore, precise and selective dephasing engineering can be realized by manipulating the linewidths and phase correlation of the fields. This indicates that various collision-related effects (e.g., collision-dephasing-induced coherences) can be experimentally studied using more controllable field-phase-diffusion dephasing instead of buffer-gas-controlling collision dephasing.
Beyond 53% internal quantum efficiency in a AlGaN quantum well at 326  nm UVA emission and single-peak operation of UVA LED
Authors: Khan M. Ajmal , Takeda Ryohei , Yamada Yoichi , Maeda Noritoshi , Jo Masafumi , Hirayama Hideki
Published: December 2019

AlGaN-based ultraviolet-A (UVA) light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) at emission under 330 nm are of great importance for numerous applications, including medicine and photochemical technologies. In this Letter, a highly relaxed n-AlGaN electron injection layer (EIL) underneath the multi-quantum wells (MQWs) for the suppression of both threading dislocation densities and piezoelectric effect was attempted. When the Ga-rich n-AlGaN EIL in the UVA LED was relaxed up to 75%, the full width at half-maximum values of the X-ray rocking curves for the (10–12) planes were reduced from our previous value of approximately 793 to 564 arcsec. Subsequently, a maximum light power of 3.1 mW was achieved in the 326 nm band UVA LED. However, carrier confinement and transport issues in the MQWs were observed. To resolve these issues of carrier confinement and transport, we provide a short roadmap for experimental efforts to realize an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) beyond 53% in AlGaN UVA-MQWs.
Cross-stacking of guided-mode resonance gratings for polarization-independent flat-top filtering
Authors: Kawanishi Keisuke , Shimatani Akira , Lee Kyu Jin , Inoue Junichi , Ura Shogo , Magnusson Robert
Published: December 2019

A guided-mode resonance filter (GMRF) consists of a subwavelength grating on a thin-film waveguide and can provide narrowband filtering with fewer layers in contrast to a multilayer dielectric mirror. A GMRF normally shows a peaky reflection spectrum and polarization dependency. In this Letter, two GMRFs are orthogonally stacked to give polarization-independent narrowband flat-top filtering. The GMRFs are designed by numerical methods and then fabricated and stacked. Each GMRF is formed by corrugation of a

T
i
O

2

grating layer on a SiN guiding core layer on a

S
i
O

2

substrate. A narrowband flat-top filter is demonstrated with a 7 nm full-width at half-maximum.
Frequency comb dynamics of a 1.3µm hybrid-silicon quantum dot semiconductor laser with optical injection: erratum
Authors: Dong Bozhang , Huang Heming , Duan Jianan , Kurczveil Geza , Liang Di , Beausoleil Raymond G. , Grillot Frédéric
Published: December 2019

In Opt.
Lett. 44, 5755
(2019)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.44.005755, a factor is missing
in the result of Eq.  (1). Thus, the width of the comb spectrum

Δ
ν

becomes

Δ
ν
=
2

3

Γ

α
e

.
“De verde ausencia y lágrima cautiva”
Authors: Castro-Filho Claudio De Souza
Published: December 2019

O artigo propõe-se analisar a presença do mito de Cisso na obra literária (prosa, drama e poesia) de Federico García Lorca, com especial ênfase na conferência La imagen poética de don Luis de Góngora, na peça teatral El Público e nos poemas “Cisso” e “Apunte para una oda”. O estudo pretende revisar algumas das possíveis fontes que balizam a iconografia literária do mito em questão na obra de Lorca, interpretando-as por duas vertentes complementares: a análise diacrónica proposta por Rafael Martínez Nadal (marcada pela herança barroca e renascentista) e a análise sincrónica, proposta a partir dos estudos sobre a presença da filosofia de Nietzsche na obra de Lorca, bem como a partir do particular processo de mitologização levado a cabo pelo poeta andaluz.
Sporadic Porphyria Cutanea Tarda as the Initial Manifestation of Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Authors: Edwards Mitchell V. , Ray Jennifer Michelle , Bacon Bruce R.
Published: December 2019

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a skin disorder characterized by abnormal heme synthesis. We present a 45-year-old man with intermittent skin lesions recurring annually for years. Skin biopsy and measurement of serum heme precursors confirmed a diagnosis of PCT. He had persistently elevated alanine and aspartate transferase. He was referred to hematology and had genetic testing with iron studies which also revealed hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). Therapeutic phlebotomy was initiated, which led to resolution of iron overload and skin lesions. We highlight the associated conditions of PCT and HH, their common therapy of phlebotomy, and initial manifestations of HH.
Successful Endoscopic Closure of Pyeloduodenal Fistula Using an Over-the-Scope Clip
Authors: Duh Erica , Clary Meredith , Samarasena Jason , Clayman Ralph V. , Chang Kenneth
Published: December 2019

A 62-year-old woman underwent a series of urologic procedures for nephrolithiasis and was diagnosed with a pyeloduodenal fistula (PDF) on computed tomography urography. After the placement of a metallic ureteral stent and nephrostomy tube, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed to evaluate for PDF resolution. Two areas of mucosal defects within the anterior duodenal sweep were closed using the over-the-scope clip system and hemostasis clips. We review the literature and discuss the etiologies, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of PDF. This is the second documented case of endoscopic PDF closure using the over-the-scope clip system and the third case of endoscopically treated PDF.
Randomized Clinical Trial: Crofelemer Treatment in Women With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Nee Judy , Salley Katherine , Ludwig Andrew G. , Sommers Thomas , Ballou Sarah , Takazawa Eve , Duehren Sarah , Singh Prashant , Iturrino Johanna , Katon Jesse , Lee Ha-Neul , Rangan Vikram , Lembo Anthony J.
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Crofelemer, the active compound purified from latex of Croton lechleri, has been shown to improve HIV and traveler's diarrhea and improve pain in women with irritable bowel syndrome–diarrhea (IBS-D). This trial evaluated the effect of crofelemer on abdominal pain in women with IBS-D.

METHODS:

Women with IBS-D were randomized to crofelemer (125 mg) or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall change in percentage of abdominal pain/discomfort-free days. Post hoc analysis for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) monthly responders was performed for stool consistency, abdominal pain, and combined stool consistency and abdominal pain.

RESULTS:

A total of 240 women were enrolled. There was no significant difference in overall percentage of pain/discomfort-free day between the groups. In post hoc analysis, FDA abdominal pain monthly responders were significantly more likely during months 1 through 2 (58.3% vs 45.0%, P = 0.030) as well as during the entire 3 months (54.2% vs 42.5%, P = 0.037) in the crofelemer group when compared with placebo. However, there was no significant difference in the percentage of FDA stool consistency monthly responders or combined stool consistency and pain monthly responders between the groups. Crofelemer had a safety profile similar to placebo.

DISCUSSION:

Crofelemer did not significantly improve abdominal pain over placebo by the primary endpoint. However, it did based on the FDA abdominal pain monthly responder endpoint. This suggests that crofelemer may have a role in the treatment of abdominal pain associated with IBS-D. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the potential of crofelemer as a visceral analgesic.
Analog Curcumin, Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0), Induces Senescence and Increases Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin on HCC 1954 Cells
Authors: Angraini Sonia Meta , Nugraheni Nadzifa , Meiyanto Edy , Hermawan Adam
Published: December 2019

Senescence defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescence can inhibit cancer growth and suppress the progression of cancer. Some anticancer compounds are known to have the potential to induce senescence. Senescence defence against tumor development by preventing proliferation of cells with DNA damage. The study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effects and senescence induction of Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) on Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-positive (HER2-positive) breast cancer cells, HCC 1954. Cytotoxic tests carried out with 3- (4.5-dimethylthiazzol-2yl) -2.5-tidiphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay showed that PGV-0 exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect with a the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 39 μM. Treatment with IC50 in sub-doses combined with doxorubicin showed cytotoxic enhancement effects. The senescence assay using SA-β-Galactosidase showed that the PGV-0 in a single treatment was able to induce senescence with a percentage of cell senescent of 15%. The combination treatment of PGV-0 at the half dose of IC50 with doxorubicin 100 nM was able to induce senescence with the percentage of senescent cells of 25%. Moreover, PGV-0 also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of this study indicate that PGV-0 exhibits cytotoxic effect, increases cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin and induces senescence that may correlate to the increasing of intracellular ROS in 1954 HCC cells.Keywords: Pentagamavunon (PGV-0), HCC 1954, Cytotoxic, Senescence
Tiga Perempuan Pengusaha Batik: Kajian Peran Sosial Ekonomi Perempuan Pengusaha Batik di Kampung Batik Bubakan, Kelurahan Rejomulyo Semarang
Authors: Amalia Silfa , Suyanto Suyanto , Hendro Eko Punto
Published: December 2019

AbstrakPartisipasi perempuan dalam pembangunan sangat diperlukan, baik dalam rumah tangga maupun dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Keterlibatan wanita dalam kerja produktif akan menimbulkan perubahan sosial, karena salah satu wujud perubahan sosial adalah perubahan dalam kerja, khususnya untuk wanita di Jawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor pendorong perempuan menjadi pengusaha batik, mengetahui peranan sosial ekonomi perempuan pengusaha batik, baik dalam kegiatan rumah tangga, masyarakat maupun kegiatan usaha batik, serta mengetahui proses pengambilan keputusan dan pengalokasian waktu para perempuan pengusaha batik. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori kebutuhan dan prestasi dari David McClelland dan teori peran perempuan oleh Caroline O.N. Moser. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi partisipan dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan observasi (pengamatan), wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi, studi literatur dan triangulasi. Informan berjumlah tiga orang yang diperoleh dengan kriteria perempuan yang memiliki home industry/ usaha batik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perempuan tidak hanya memainkan peranannya sebagai ibu rumah tangga, mereka juga banyak terlibat dalam kegiatan usaha dan aktif dalam kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan. Dalam pengalokasian waktu diketahui beban kerja perempuan lebih panjang. Bahkan perempuan pengusaha batik memegang peranan sentral dalam hal pengambilan keputusan dalam perekonomian rumah tangga.Abstract Women's participation in the development of household, social life, and country life is most needed. Women's involvement in productive work will lead to social change due to a kind of social change is change in the work, especially for women in Java. The aims of this study are to find out the supporting factors of women being Batik businesswomen, a socio-economic role of batik businesswomen in household, society, or business activity of Batik, the decision making process, and time allocation of Batik businesswomen. The theories of this study are needs and achievements theory of David Mc Clelland and role theory of Caroline O.N Moser. This study was conducted by using participant observation method and qualitative approach. The data collection techniques are observation, in-depth interview, documentation, literature study, and triangulation. The Informants are three women obtained by the criteria of women who have home industry or Batik industry. Based on this study can be concluded thatwomen are not only having a role in housewives but also they have involvement in a business activity or social. In allocating time it is known that women’s workload is longer. Even women batik entrepreneurs hold a central role in terms of decision making in the household economy.
Nilai Budaya dan Makna Simbolis Seni Tradisional Jepang Daruma, Okinasan, Koi-nobori, dan Nagashi-bina
Authors: Wiyatasari Reny
Published: December 2019

This article aims to explain the cultural value and symbolic meaning contained in traditional Japan’s folk arts (mingei). Of the many traditional folk arts in Japan, only four of them are used as the topic of discussion of this article, namely Daruma, Okinasan Koi-nobori, and Nagashi-bina. All four are interesting to study because they contain cultural values and symbolic meanings that illustrate the cultural concepts of Japanese society, both in character and beliefs that are still held and maintained today. Data collection was carried out through literature and interview methods, and analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques.
EKSISTENSI SUFISME DALAM TRADISI PEDAQ API DI LOMBOK
Authors: Zuhriah Nur Zuhriah Azizah
Published: December 2019

Abstract This study discusses the existence of Sufism in the tradition of the pedaq api in Lombok. Pedaq api as a naming procession cannot be interpreted visually, but is a 'text' culture that is full of meaning and represented by symbolic signs. The elements that exist in the pedaq api imply the essence of the human self itself, because it is motivated by philosophical thinking that interprets the elements of human life. The analysis used is the semiotic Roland Barthes methodology. From this study three concepts of the existence of sufism were obtained in the tradition of the pedaq api. First, the tradition of pedaq api as salvation. Second, the tradition of the pedaq api as an intermediary to remind the agreement of the child with his God. Third, the tradition of pedaq api as a representation of the journey of human life from the beginning of the incident to death.
Pengaruh Structural Assurance dan Perceived Reputation Terhadap Purchase Intention Melalui Trust Pada Konsumen Tokopedia
Authors: Saputra Moh. Deni Andri , Widiartanto Widiartanto
Published: December 2019

The aims of this study is to measure the effects of structural assurance and perceived reputation to purchase intention through trust. The population of this research is consumers of Tokopedia in Faculty of Social and Political Science of Diponegoro University, while the sample is 100 consumers of Tokopedia with some certain prerequirements.The data was analyzed using two-step analysis with SPSS 17.0 for windows where previously tested the validity test, reliability test, coefficient of correlation, coefficient of determination, and test of significance (t-test and f-test). The result of this study is showing that structural assurance and perceived reputation has positive impact toward trust, the biggest impact is own by perceived reputation. Based on the result of two step analysis, trust is an intervening variable toward purchase intention in this study. Some recommendations are added based on those results. It is recommended that Tokopedia should improve the ability to solve hacking, provide guaranteed data information so that visitors' responses to structural assurance are safe, besides that it needs to focus on customer satisfaction, provide high service and increase credibility so consumers arise trust and increase purchase intention to Tokopedia. Tujuan dilakukanya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara structural assurance dan perceived reputation terhadap purchase intention melalui trust. Populasinya adalah seluruh konsumen Tokopedia di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik di Universitas Diponegoro, sedangkan sampelnya adalah 100 konsumen Tokopedia dengan kriteria tertentu. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis dua tahap menggunakan software SPSS for Windows, di mana sebelumnya dilakukan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi, analisis regresi sederhana dan berganda, dan uji signifikansi (uji t dan uji F). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa structural assurance dan perceived reputation berpengaruh secara parsial dan simultan terhadap trust, dimana ketika bersama-sama perceived reputation memiliki pengaruh yang paling besar terhadap trust. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dua tahap trust merupakan variabel intervening terhadap purchase intention dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka disarankan supaya Tokopedia dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dalam memecahkan masalah hackers, menyediakan jaminan informasi data sehingga tanggapan pengunjung mengenai structural assurance aman, selain itu perlu memfokuskan terhadap kepuasan konsumen, memberikan pelayanan yang tinggi dan meningkatkan kredibilitas yang dimiliki sehingga konsumen timbul trust dan berminat untuk membeli di Tokopedia.
Newtons Methodologie: Eine Kritik an Duhem, Feyerabend und Lakatos
Authors: Feldbacher-Escamilla Christian J.
Published: December 2019

The Newtonian research program consists of the core axioms of the Principia Mathematica, a sequence of force laws and auxiliary hypotheses, and a set of methodological rules. The latter underwent several changes and so it is sometimes claimed that, historically seen, Newton and the Newtonians added methodological rules post constructione in order to further support their research agenda. An argument of Duhem, Feyerabend, and Lakatos aims to provide a theoretical reason why Newton could not have come up with his theory of the Principia in accordance with his own methodology: Since Newton’s starting point, Kepler’s laws, contradict the law of universal gravitation, he could not have applied the so-called method of analysis and synthesis. In this paper, this argument is examined with reference to the Principia’s several editions. Newton’s method is characterized, and necessary general background assumptions of the argument are made explicit. Finally, the argument is criticized based on a contemporary philosophy of science point of view.
Is There Moral Progress?
Authors: Buddeberg Eva
Published: December 2019

Post- and decolonial theory have contested the idea of historical progress as a Eurocentric, hegemonic, or neocolonialist misconception. Does this imply that we should give up any idea of moral progress? This paper critically examines Allen Buchanan’s and Russell Powell’s book The Evolution of Moral Progress and their claim that there is still a need for a theory of moral progress. For Buchanan and Powell, such theory should allow and guide a better understanding of what moral progress consists of. Even though they do not claim to already provide us with such a comprehensive theory of moral progress they aim to work out whether and how certain types of moral progress are possible and assess their limits. In doing so they mainly focus on improvements in terms of social participation as an uncontroversial type of moral progress. In the following, I will first discuss the characteristics of the authors’ notion of progress and then raise some critical concerns about the example they have chosen of the history of human rights as a history of progress and, particularly, about the history of the rights of people with disabilities.
The Space Between
Authors: Clarke Ellen
Published: December 2019

Buchanan and Powell hope to rescue optimism about moral perfectibility from the ’received view’ of human evolution, by tweaking our view of the innate character of morality. I argue that their intervention is hampered by an unnecessary commitment to nativism, by gender bias within the received view, and by liberal presuppositions.
The Crucifix Dispute and Value Pluralism
Authors: Polanowska-Sygulska Beata
Published: December 2019

This article seeks to interpret the striking divergence between the two judgments passed by the European Court of Human Rights in the Lautsi v Italy case in terms of value pluralism. The latter is a hotly debated position in ethics, brought to life in the second half of the twentieth century by Isaiah Berlin. Pluralism elucidates these in interesting ways. First, value pluralism sheds light on three major aspects of the trial before the European Court of Human Rights: the nature of the collision of values, the discrepancy between the two decisions, and the rationale of the final judgment. Secondly, this is my thesis that while the first judgment fits ethical monism, which underlies Dworkin’s ‘one right answer’ theory, the second ruling chimes with pluralism. The pluralist spirit of the Grand Chamber’s final decision turned Europe away from the path of Americanization.
Varieties and Functions of Institutions
Authors: Eriksson Lina
Published: December 2019

Hindriks describes institutions as norm-governed social practices, and argue that his theory help bring together and complete earlier theories of institutions. In this comment on his paper, I argue that his argument would be even better if he clarified certain parts of his argument with regards to the nature of institutions and the relationship between institutions and social norms. I also argue that he should reconsider his claim that institutions (and social norms) exist in order to solve cooperation and coordination problems.
The Lie group of vertical bisections of a regular Lie groupoid
Authors: Schmeding Alexander
Published: December 2019

In this note we construct an infinite-dimensional Lie group structure on the group of vertical bisections of a regular Lie groupoid.
We then identify the Lie algebra of this group and discuss regularity properties (in the sense of Milnor) for these Lie groups.
If the groupoid is locally trivial, i.e., a gauge groupoid, the vertical bisections coincide with the gauge group of the underlying bundle.
Hence, the construction recovers the well-known Lie group structure of the gauge groups.
To establish the Lie theoretic properties of the vertical bisections of a Lie groupoid over a non-compact base, we need to generalise the Lie theoretic treatment of Lie groups of bisections for Lie groupoids over non-compact bases.
On the geometrical properties of hypercomplex four-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups
Authors: Nasehi Mehri , Aghasi Mansour
Published: December 2019

In this paper we first classify left-invariant generalized Ricci solitons on four-dimensional hypercomplex Lie groups equipped with three families of left-invariant
Lorentzian metrics.
Then, on these Lorentzian spaces, we explicitly calculate the energy of an arbitrary left-invariant vector field X and determine the exact form of all left-invariant unit time-like vector fields which are spatially harmonic.
Furthermore, we give a complete and explicit description of all homogeneous structures on these spaces in both Riemannian and Lorentzian cases and determine some of their types.
The existence of Einstein four-dimensional hypercomplex Lorentzian Lie groups is proved and it is shown that although the results concerning Einstein-like metrics, conformally flatness and some equations in the Riemannian case are much richer than their Lorentzian analogues, in the Lorentzian case, there exist some new critical points of energy functionals, homogeneous structures and geodesic vectors which do not exist in the Riemannian case.
Determinants of e-cigarette use among a sample of high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Bigwanto Mouhamad , Nurmansyah Mochamad Iqbal , Orlan Elizabeth , Farradika Yoli , Purnama Tri Bayu
Published: December 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors associated with electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods

This cross-sectional study took place in eight high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 767 students were recruited by multistage cluster random sampling. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to determine the associations between socio-demographic, predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors and e-cigarette use.

Results

Respondents were 54.1% male and the mean age was 16 years old [standard deviation (SD): 1.02]. In this sample, 32.2% of students (n = 247) had ever used e-cigarettes and 11.8% of students were e-cigarette users (n = 90). Several measured factors were positively associated with e-cigarette use, including: current smoking of conventional cigarettes [odds ratio (OR): 2.06]; perception that e-cigarettes are less addictive than conventional cigarettes (OR: 1.98); perception that e-cigarettes do not cause cancer (OR: 2.38); parental acceptance of e-cigarette use (OR: 3.80); and having enough money to buy e-cigarettes (OR: 3.24). The only variable found that was negatively associated with e-cigarette use was teacher’s use of e-cigarettes (OR: 0.34).

Conclusions

This study found that student social influences, perceptions about and accessibility to e-cigarettes were significantly positively associated with e-cigarette use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study highlights the importance of educating students, their parents and teachers regarding safety and potential health hazards of using e-cigarettes. Efforts to implement and enforce youth access restrictions on e-cigarettes in Indonesia are crucial to preventing further uptake of these products.
Zeros of primitive characters of finite groups
Authors: Madanha Sesuai Yash
Published: December 2019

We classify finite non-solvable groups with a faithful primitive irreducible complex character that vanishes on a unique conjugacy class.
Our results answer a question of Dixon and Rahnamai Barghi and suggest an extension of Burnside’s classical theorem on zeros of characters.
Kant’s innovative theory of judgment and cognition in the False Subtlety of Syllogistic Figures
Authors: Vatavu Mihaela
Published: December 2019

Kant’s early work The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures is typically considered a narrow, technical work still embedded in the tradition of Wolffian logic. I argue instead that it needs to be considered in light of Kant’s developing theory of cognition and his corresponding criticism of the Wolffian single faculty theory. Whereas the mature Kant criticizes the rationalists for misrepresenting the nature of sensibility, the urgent task facing him at this stage seems to have been a proper determination of the nature of the understanding. On the Wolffian framework, the latter is defined in a merely nominal manner, in terms of a generic cognitive task: the distinct representation of the possible. On Kant’s view, however, distinctness entails a capacity to relate representations, which only happens in the act of judgment. Thus, the stated aim of the False Subtlety notwithstanding, the work attempts to reorganize the logical operations around the capacity to judge. In turn, by defining the higher faculty of cognition in terms of an act of relating representations, Kant wants to show that this faculty cannot stem from a power of representation that we share with non-rational animals and must instead rest on a different fundamental power, which at the time he alternatively calls “inner sense” or “consciousness”.
Blind Localization of Heating in Neural Tissues Induced by a Train of the Infrared Pulse Laser
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Ali , Zakeri Mahdi
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Recently, infrared lasers (wavelengths larger than 1100 nm) have been applied to stimulate neural tissues. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) has some advantages over conventional electric stimulation, including contact-free delivery, spatial precision, and lack of stimulation artifacts. In this study and based on a photothermal mechanism, we applied the heat diffusion equation to study temperature variation of a biological phantom during INS. In addition, the impact of laser parameters on spatially localized heating induced by 2 different infrared wavelengths were studied. Methods: We studied the localization of INS inside a phantom similar to cortical neural tissue. First, we analytically solved the heat diffusion equation to study the distribution of temperature inside this phantom. Then, the accuracy of analytical results was verified by heating the phantom using amplitude-modulated infrared lasers (lambda= 1450 and 1500 nm, the energy between 2 and 5 mJ and pulse duration up to 20 ms). The laser light was directed to sample by a multimode optical fiber (NA=0.22, core size= 200 microns). Finally, the impacts of laser properties on the spatial resolution of infrared heating were discerned. Results: In order to verify analytical results, we measured the maximum temperatures of the phantom during illumination of lasers and compared them with analytical results. The analytical results were in agreement with the experimental results. The effects of laser beam properties such as pulse duration, energy and repetition rate frequency on the spatial resolution were investigated. The results indicated that the spatial resolution of INS can be smaller than one millimeter. Conclusion: Here, the influences of laser properties on the localization of INS inside a biological phantom were studied. These results can be applied to improve the spatial selectivity of the peripheral nerve interface.
The Effect of Prenatal Exposure to 2.4 GHz Radio Frequency on the Histology and Expression of the osteocalcin and RUNX2 Gene of the Forelimb in an NMRI Mouse
Authors: Amandokht Saghezchi Shaghayegh , Azad Nahid , Heidari Reihane , Jajarmi Vahid , Abdi Shabnam , Abaszadeh Hojjat-Allah , Sadjadpour Seyedeh Susan , Neikoei Naheid , Heidari Mohammad Hassan , Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Today the use of electromagnetic waves has dramatically increased in modern industrial societies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to 2.4 GHz wireless frequency on forelimb development in an NMRI mouse in vivo. Methods: A total of 21 female mice weighing 25-30 g were included in the present study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups, namely control (n=7), sham (n=7), and experimental (n=7). After mating, the experimental group was exposed to 2.4 GHz radio frequency at a distance of 20-30 cm from the device, 4 h/d until the delivery. The sham group was placed at a distance of 20-30 cm from the device every day without exposure to electromagnetic waves, and the control group had a pregnancy period without any stress and electromagnetic wave exposure. After giving birth, the forelimbs were isolated from the infants and examined by stereological studies and RT-PCR for the evaluation of osteocalcin and RUNX2 gene expression. Results: Although, at first glance, there was no macroscopic teratogen effect in forelimbs in all groups, via a stereological method, we showed that bone and cartilage volume decreased in the experimental group compared to the other groups. We also found that the experimental group had lower expression of the osteocalcin and RUNX2 gene than the control and sham groups did. However, there were no significant differences between the control and sham groups in terms of bone and cartilage volume and gene expression. Conclusion: Although teratogen effect of prenatal exposure to 2.4 GHz radio frequency on forelimbs was not demonstrated macroscopically, further studies showed negative effects on the forelimb bone, cartilage volume, and gene expression.
Microleakage of "Bulk-Fill" Composite Resin for Class II Restorations Pretreated With CO2 Laser in Deciduous Molars: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Santos Larissa Costa , Sfalcin Ravana Angelini , Garcia Eugenio José , Zanin Fátima Antônia Aparecida , Brugnera Junior Aldo , Silva Daniela Fátima Teixeira , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Mesquita-Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Bussadori Sandra Kalil
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Microleakage has been reported to cause dentin hypersensitivity because of the passage of bacteria and their products through the restoration-tooth interface and is one of the main reasons for replacement of restorations. CO2 laser can be used for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in vitro the microleakage in composite restorations following surface pretreatment with acid etching and CO2 laser. Methods: Twelve human caries-free primary molars were selected. Class II cavities were prepared on occlusal mesial and occlusal distal surfaces. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): Group 1 (G1) – 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative – Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 2 (G2) – 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply); Group 3 (G3) – CO2 laser irradiation + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative – Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 4 (G4) – CO2 laser irradiation + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply). Surfaces were restored with bonding agent (Natural Bond DE, DFL). Specimens were cut longitudinally and immersed in 0.5% methylene blue solution for 4 hours. Microleakage scores were assessed under a magnifying glass at x3,5 and qualitatively analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using nonparametric Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). Results: Scores prevailed between 0 and 2, however, no statistically significant difference was found among the groups (P= 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that all composite resins bulk fill did not show significant difference among them regarding microleakage using either CO2 laser or 37% phosphoric acid etching.
Short-term Effects of Transcranial Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation on Motor Performance in Healthy Human Subjects: An Experimental SingleBlind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fekri Atefeh , Jahan Ali , Moghadam Salimi Maryam , Oskouei Ali E.
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation (NIR-PBM) is a new noninvasive procedure which transcranially applies a near-infrared wavelength to the scalp with a laser or a light-emitting diode (LED) source. Improvement in the neurological or psychological symptoms has been reported following light irradiation. However, to our knowledge, there is no study to investigate the effects of transcranial NIR-PBM on motor performance directly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of transcranial NIR-PBM on motor performance in healthy human subjects. Methods: In this experimental single-blind randomized clinical trial study, 56 right-handed healthy participants, whose ages ranged from 18 to 30, were randomly assigned to (1) Real transcranial NIR-PBMC3 group (n=14), (2) Sham transcranial NIR-PBMC3 group (n=14), (3) Real transcranial NIR-PBMC4 group (n=14), and (4) Sham transcranial NIR-PBMC4 group (n=14). We applied the 808 nm laser with irradiation energy density of 60 J/cm2 and power density of 200 mw/cm2 to the C3 or C4 points of the scalp. The number of finger taps as an indicator of motor performance was assessed by the finger-tapping test (FTT) before and after irradiation of transcranial NIR-PBM on the corresponding points of the scalp for 5 minutes. Results: The results showed that the number of finger taps in both right and left hands following the use of transcranial NIR-PBM in the real transcranial NIR-PBMC3 group significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that using transcranial NIR-PBM with a laser source on C3 point of the motor cortex in right-handed healthy people can increase the number of finger taps in both hands as an indicator of motor performance improvement.
Treatment of Basal Cell Cancer With a Pulsed Copper Vapor Laser: A Case Series
Authors: Klyuchareva Svetlana V. , Ponomarev Igor V. , Topchiy Sergey B. , Pushkareva Alexandra E. , Andrusenko Yury N.
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent form of non-melanoma skin cancer commonly arising in elderly patients. Currently, many laser systems are applied for the treatment of BCC. However, up to the present, there have been several reports concerning ocular side effects due to the laser procedure in the borders of the periorbital area. This determines the feasibility of testing new laser surgical modes for the management of periorbital BCC. This stuay aimed to estimate both the efficacy, the early post-radiated side effects and long-term outcomes of the CVL treatment of periorbital BCC. Patients and Methods: Two men and 6 women aged 50 to 77 years were diagnosed with periorbital BCC according to the data of both the clinical evaluation and histological examination of the tissue samples taken from the involved area. Six months after the laser treatment, the histological examination of skin samples from the borderline of the irradiated area was made again. All patients were followed for 24 months after the laser treatment of BCC. The laser treatment was administered during one session of copper vapor laser (CVL) (Yakhroma-Med model). The treatment included CVL radiation with a wavelength of 511 nm and 578 nm, in the ratio of 3:2. The power level was set up to 3 W, and the exposure time was equal from 200 to 600 ms. The pulse duration accounted for 15 ns. The diameter of the light spot on the skin surface amounted to 1 mm. Results: Dual-wavelengths CVL treatment of periorbital BCC provided a complete elimination of malignant cells and dysplastic vessels during one procedure. The duration of skin healing amounted to 2-4 weeks. There were neither ocular injuries or pronounced skin side effects nor relapses within 24 months after the laser procedure. Conclusion: CVL treatment of periorbital BCC provides relevant cosmetic results without ocular injuries and relapses.
The Clinical Evaluation of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Donor and Recipient Sites of the Free Gingival Graft: A Case Series
Authors: Lafzi Ardeshir , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Mojahedi Seyed Masoud , Amid Reza , Shidfar Shireen , Baghani Mohammad Taghi
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Free gingival grafting is among the most foreseeing procedures for increasing the zone of keratinized attached gingiva and enhancing soft tissue around the teeth and dental implants. Nowadays low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a promising approach in providing patients with more pleasing results in terms of esthetics and comfort. This study aims to investigate the effects of LLLT on gingival recessions treated with free gingival graft (FGG). Methods: This case series was conducted on 12 individuals requiring a bilateral gingival graft in the mandibular region. There was a 30-day interval between the two operations. The test side was selected randomly and irradiated by a low-level laser (LLL) just before surgery. The patients did not know which side was irradiated. LLLT was applied to the donors’ as well as recipients’ site immediately after the operation and 48 hours later. The patients were instructed to record their post-operative pain in a visual analogue scale (VAS) 3 and 24 hours and 7 days after the surgical procedure. The clinical photographs were taken immediately and 30 days after surgical treatment were graded by three experienced periodontists for color matching to adjacent tissues. Results: Ten individuals could finish the study. The test group presented significantly better shade matching and wound healing at the palatal donor site on days 7, 14 and 21. There was a significant reduction in post-operative pain after 24 hours (P=0.007). No statistically significant difference was found between both groups in terms of clinical periodontal indices. Conclusion: LLLT could reduce post-operative pain 24 hours after surgical treatment. Furthermore, the application of LLLT could improve the donors’ site healing and the recipients’ site color matching.