bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СПОЛУК ФЕНОЛЬНОЇ ПРИРОДИ В СИРОВИНІ РУДБЕКІЇ ВОЛОСИСТОЇ
Authors: Команюк Л. В. , Басараба Р. Ю.
Published: February 2025

Вступ. Рудбекія волосиста (Rudbeckia hirta L.) – трав’яниста рослина родини Asteraceae, яку використовували з давніх-давен для лікування запальних захворювань, як-от застуда, виразки, та після укусів змій. Рудбекію волосисту використовують у традиційній медицині в деяких регіонах Північної Америки. Екстракти з коренів Rudbeckia hirta L. використовують для лікування гінекологічних захворювань і захворювань, що передаються статевим шляхом. Полісахариди, які містить рудбекія волосиста, проявляють імуномодулюючі властивості. Мета дослідження – провести визначення індивідуальних компонентів флавоноїдів і кислот гідроксикоричних у траві рудбекії волосистої методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії (ВЕРХ). Методи дослідження. Матеріалом для досліджень була трава рудбекії волосистої, яку заготовляли на території Чернівецької області. Методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії визначали індивідуальні компоненти флавоноїдів і кислот гідроксикоричних на рідинному хроматографі Agilent Technologies 1200. Результати й обговорення. Методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії встановлено вісім індивідуальних компонентів флавоноїдів, серед яких рутин (1 308,96 мкг/г), ізокверцетин (97,68 мкг/г), астрагалін (43,93 мкг/г), нарингін (673,82 мкг/г), фізетин (2 381,39 мкг/г), кверцетин (800,9 мкг/г), апігенін (307,95 мкг/г), байкалеїн (562,72 мкг/г). Серед індивідуальних компонентів кислот гідроксикоричних установлено наявність і визначено кількісний вміст кислоти хлорогенової (7 992,58 мкг/г), р-кумарової (763,85 мкг/г), кофейної (191,45 мкг/г), сирінгової (210,95 мкг/г), транс-цинамової (93,47 мкг/г), хінної (85,35 мкг/г), синапової (15,11 мкг/г), трансферулової (12,63 мкг/г). Висновки. Визначено індивідуальні компоненти сполук фенольної природи у траві рудбекії волосистої методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії. Установлено, що серед індивідуальних компонентів флавоноїдів найбільший вміст становили фізетин (2 381,39 мкг/г) та рутин (1 308,96 мкг/г). Серед індивідуальних компонентів кислот гідроксикоричних найбільший вміст становила кислота хлорогенова (7 992,58 мкг/г). Отримані результати свідчать про перспективність подальших поглиблених фітохімічних досліджень біологічно активних речовин трави рудбекії волосистої.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕКСПРЕС‑БІОХІМІЧНИХ ТЕСТІВ ДЛЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕТІОЛОГІЇ ГОСТРОГО ТОНЗИЛІТУ В ПЕРСПЕКТИВІ ДІАГНОСТИЧНОГО ПІДХОДУ
Authors: Кравець Н. Я.
Published: February 2025

Вступ. Діагностика гострого тонзиліту залишається важливим викликом сучасної медицини через різноманітність його інфекційних агентів. Диференціація етіології гострого тонзиліту є ключовим етапом у забезпеченні адекватного лікування пацієнтів. Без точного визначення етіології зростає ризик невиправданого використання антибіотиків у випадках вірусного походження захворювання. Це сприяє розвитку антибіотикорезистентності, зміні нормальної мікробіоти та виникненню побічних ефектів. Мета дослідження – визначення типу збудника в пацієнтів з інфекцією ротоглотки шляхом застосування експрес-тестів для підвищення ефективності діагностики й оптимізації вибору терапевтичної стратегії. Методи дослідження. Загалом було обстежено 46 пацієнтів молодого віку (25,97±7,71) з інфекцією верхніх дихальних шляхів, які проходили лікування в лікарів первинної ланки. Для визначення етіології збудників використовували імунохроматографічні тести з таким набором антигенів: аденовірусів, респіраторно-синцитіального вірусу, вірусів грипу А/В, Covid-19, стрептокока групи А. Результати й обговорення. За результатами експрес-тестів, які проводили пацієнтам із симптомами гострих респіраторних інфекцій, було виявлено 10,41% позитивних результатів бактеріального генезу, а саме стрептестів, 70,83% – вірусного та 18,75% недіагностованої етіології. Аденовірусна інфекція була найпоширенішою, діагностована у 12 пацієнтів (26,7%), мала статистично значуще під- вищення ризику інфекції (ДВШ = 2,67) у порівнянні з референтною групою. Респіраторно-синцитіальний вірус було виявлено у 8 пацієнтів (17,8%), (ДВШ = 1,89). Грип A/B (зокрема, у комбінації) діагностовано в 5 випадках (11,1%), (ДВШ = 1,34). Стрептокок групи А – підтверджено в 4 пацієнтів (8,9%), (ДВШ = 1,12). Мікст-інфекції, зокрема стрептокок групи А в поєднанні з аденовірусом, чи аденовірус + грип А/Б, або грип із респіраторно-синцитіальним вірусом, виявлено у 5 пацієнтів (11,1%), (ДВШ = 1,42). У 9 пацієнтів (20%) причина залишилася недіагностованою, що служило референтною групою для розрахунків. Висновки. Одержані результати підтверджують важливість використання швидких діагностичних тестів для встановлення етіології збудника гострого тонзиліту.
РОЛЬ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО ВОДНЮ ПРИ ЕЙРОДЕГЕНЕРАТИВНИХ ПРОЦЕСАХ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Луців Є. Р. , Ярошенко Т. Я.
Published: February 2025

Вступ. Сприятливий вплив молекулярного водню (H2, диводню) було підтверджено на багатьох моделях захворювань і в дослідженнях на людях протягом останнього десятиліття, а кількість рецензованих статей про водневу біомедицину перевищила 800, починаючи із 2005 року і дотепер. Для оцінювання терапевтичного потенціалу H2 було проведено понад два десятки клінічних випробувань. Було продемонстровано, що застосування додаткового молекулярного водню покращує низку клінічних ознак за різних захворювань. Це нервово-м’язові, нейродегенеративні та психічні захворювання, серцево-судинні захворювання, метаболічний синдром і діабет, гострі травми м’яких тканин і шкірні патології, захворювання нирок, запальні захворювання і рак. Зараз активно ведуться дослідження щодо доцільності застосування в разі Covid-19, а також щодо застосування з метою покращення витривалості спортсменів, навіть є дослідження, де йдеться про здатність водневої води сповільнювати старіння людського організму. Мета дослідження – висвітлити загальні характеристики та терапевтичні властивості молекулярного водню, механізми взаємодії з організмом водню та сполук із ним, стратегії введення в організм, а також доцільність застосування в разі наявності нейродегенеративних розладів на прикладі конкретних захворювань (хвороба Паркінсона, Альцгеймера, розсіяний склероз і судинна деменція). Висновки. Аналіз літературних джерел показав, що молекулярний водень і сполуки з ним (сірководень і комплексна терапія в поєднанні з оксидом азоту) виявляють виразну антиоксидантну та нейропротекторну дію, що робить доцільним їх використання в допоміжній терапії в разі нейродегенеративних захворювань.
ПОРУШЕННЯ РЕДОКС-ГОМЕОСТАЗУ У ТКАНИНІ ЛЕГЕНЬ ЗА УМОВ ДМГ-ІНДУКОВАНОЇ АДЕНОКАРЦИНОМИ ТОВСТОЇ КИШКИ
Authors: Римар А. А.
Published: February 2025

Вступ. Порушення редокс-гомеостазу є одним із ключових чинників, що сприяє прогресуванню злоякісних новоутворень, зокрема аденокарциноми товстої кишки. Зміни в окисно-відновному балансі можуть впливати на різні органи, на легені також, через системний оксидативний стрес і пов’язані з ним механізми клітинного пошкодження. Останні дослідження показують, що розвиток неопластичного ураження супроводжується підвищенням рівня активних форм кисню і порушенням діяльності антиоксидантних систем. Мета дослідження – оцінити вплив ДМГ-індукованого порушення редокс-гомеостазу на легеневу тканину, що є важливим для розуміння загальної картини оксидативного стресу за наявності колоректального раку. Методи дослідження. Дослідження було проведено на 105 самцях білих щурів, які утримувались у стандартних умовах віварію. Тварини були розподілені на такі групи: І – контрольна група із 35 тварин; ІІ – експериментальна група, яка протягом 30 тижнів отримувала N,N-диметилгідразин дигідрох- лорид (70 щурів). Оцінювання рівня оксидативного стресу у тканині легень проводилось за показниками концентрації ТБК-активних продуктів, дієнових і трієнових кон’югатів, основ Шиффа, церулоплазміну, альдегідо- та кетонопохідних нейтрального (ОМП370) та основного (ОМП430) характеру, а також за активністю каталази, супероксиддисмутази, глутатіонпероксидази, глутатіонредуктази та рівнем відновленого глутатіону. Результати й обговорення. У статті досліджено складний взаємозв’язок між оксидативним стресом і розвитком раку, підкреслено його важливість на різних етапах канцерогенезу та прогресування пухлини. Дослідження показало, що ДМГ-індукована аденокарцинома товстої кишки призводить до суттєвого порушення редокс-гомеостазу у тканині легень, що проявляється підвищенням рівня активних форм кисню та зниженням активності антиоксидантних систем. Такі зміни в окисно-відновному балансі можуть підвищувати ризик оксидативного пошкодження клітин і сприяти розвитку вторинних патологій у легеневій тканині. Отримані дані є важливими для розуміння механізмів системного впливу колоректального раку на організм. Висновки. Результати дослідження виявили, що аденокарцинома товстої кишки, індукована ДМГ, спричиняє значні порушення редокс-гомеостазу в легеневій тканині. Такі зміни в балансі окисно-відновних процесів підвищують ризик оксидативного ушкодження клітин, що може сприяти розвитку додаткових патологічних процесів у легеневій тканині.
EFFECT OF NANOCERIUM ON STRESS SYNDROME SEVERITY AND ANTHROPOMETRY IN RATS WITH CHRONIC STRESS AND OBESITY
Authors: Tsebenko M. O. , Bilets M. V. , Omelchenko O. E. , Spivak M. Ya. , Neporada K. S.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Nanotechnology has opened new promising directions in modern biology and medicine. Nanocrystalline materials, such as cerium dioxide-based nanomaterials, play a leading role in these developments. Significant experimental data have been accumulated, demonstrating the high biological activity of nanocrystalline cerium and revealing its potential use in the development and application of nanocomposites capable of activating cellular and humoral immune defense systems. The aim of the study – effect of nanocerium on stress syndrome severity and anthropometry in rats with chronic stress and obesity. Research Methods. Experimental studies were conducted on 103 white non-linear rats of both sexes, modeling obesity induced by glutamate, chronic stress, both separately and in combination. Obesity was induced by postnatal subcutaneous injection of sodium glutamate. The animals were maintained on a standard vivarium diet for 4 months. Body weight, BMI, and Lee index were monitored weekly throughout the experiment. Chronic stress was modeled using Hans Selye’s method by immobilizing the animals on their backs for 5 hours. The severity of stress was assessed by Selye’s triad. Starting from 1 month of age and for the next three months, the experimental rats were orally administered nanocrystalline cerium dioxide using a probe. Somatometric measurements showed that in obese animals, growth was stunted, and body weight did not significantly differ from intact animals. Results and Discussion. For example, the body weight of intact animals was 165,2 ± 5,1 g, while rats with glutamate-induced obesity weighed 213,7 ± 9 g. Despite the increase in body weight, the body length of obese rats was shorter compared to intact animals. It has been shown that nanocrystalline cerium has high antioxidant activity and can be considered a candidate for the creation of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity. Intravenous administration of nanocrystalline cerium to animals with modeled obesity and chronic stress associated with obesity significantly reduced BMI compared to respective control animals. Conclusions. Nanocerium effectively prevented the development of visceral obesity in animals exposed to isolated and combined effects of obesity and stress, as evidenced by a significant reduction in fat mass in the visceral fat depot of the animals. Thus, nanocrystalline cerium dioxide is a potential agent for correcting experimental obesity under chronic stress conditions, as confirmed by other studies.
Iphiclus Chevrolat of Boracéia Biological Station: checklist, description of larva and redescription of adult of I. abdominalis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Erotylinae)
Authors: Silva Thiago J. , Casari Sônia A.
Published: February 2025

Larva of Iphiclus abdominalis (Fabricius, 1792) is described and illustrated, and the adult is redescribed. This larva is the first published description of an identified species of Iphiclus Chevrolat; the first description of immatures of this genus was based on one unidentified species (described as “Brachysphenus” sp.). A brief review of the descriptions of Erotylini larvae is provided. The larval comparison with other known Erotylini larvae is included, and the geographical distribution of adult of I. abdominalis is updated and plotted on a map. A historical review of the genus and species is presented leading to taxonomical decisions; Iphiclus abdominalis (Olivier, 1792) is considered a junior primary homonym and a new synonym of I. abdominalis (Fabricius, 1792). Also, a checklist to Iphiclus species from Boracéia Biological Station (BBS) is provided, with illustrations, and an updated distribution of the species that occur in that location. This work is part of the “Papers celebrating the 70 years of creation of BBS”.
Between Imagination and Practice
Authors: O’Connor M. John-Patrick
Published: February 2025

In his now classic work, The First Urban Christians, Wayne Meeks asserts that “we have no evidence about the funeral practices of Pauline Christians.” In 1 Corinthians the best evidence we possess, according to Meeks, is an “enigmatic reference to ‘baptism for the dead’” (1 Cor 15:29). Recent research, however, has questioned Meeks’s disparaging conclusions about the evidence for Pauline Christian burial practices. The following article contributes to this discussion by examining Paul’s references to special garments and the afterlife (1 Thess 5:8; 1 Cor 15:53–54; 2 Cor 5:1–4). Later data indicates that eschatological clothing metaphors were taken literally in some early Jewish and Christian communities. Furthermore, developments in metaphor theory suggest that conceptual metaphors are often grounded in common experiences. This article contends that Paul’s metaphor for new garments at the resurrection may coincide with first-century funerary practices within Pauline communities.
Paul’s Letters to the Seven Churches and Their Pastoral Appendix
Authors: Eurell John-Christian
Published: February 2025

This article deals with the issue of the collection and formation of the Corpus Paulinum. It argues that a collection of Pauline letters to seven churches was crucial to this development. This collection possibly also included Hebrews in conjunction with Romans, but not Philemon. Another parallel collection was made of four letters to individuals, but was not popularised until later. When the two collections were merged into the present Corpus Paulinum, their respective order based on decreasing length was preserved, and they were placed alongside each other. As for Hebrews, it was relegated to the end due to the controversy regarding its authorship.
Evolving Liturgy and Enduring Hybridity
Authors: Johnson Sarah Kathleen
Published: February 2025

The shift to online and hybrid forms of Christian worship brought about by the covid-19 pandemic has persisted in many worshiping communities. This ethnographic panel study traces how Holy Week and Easter Sunday worship practices evolved between 2020 and 2023 in ten Roman Catholic, Anglican, mainstream Protestant, and Free Church congregations located in Toronto, Canada. Participant observation of forty-four online liturgies anchors a framework for analyzing hybrid worship practices as a tension between prioritizing online and in-person participants and using technology in ways that integrate online and in-person worshipers or serve these communities separately. Interviews with congregational leaders reveal four factors that shape decisions about online worship across Christian traditions: theological principles, pastoral concerns, practicalities, and polity. This framework and these factors invite Christians across traditions into conversation with one another in the face of a hybrid liturgical future.
Indecipherable Signs on the Rock
Authors: Cesaretti Andrea
Published: February 2025

A noteworthy aspect of South Caucasian Protohistoric archaeology is the presence of limited archaeological evidence concerning a series of engraved and painted signs associated with funerary contexts. These signs cannot be categorized strictly as decorations nor as true forms of proto writing. Given the paucity of research on this topic, this paper compiles the primary evidence of engravings and paintings from the Middle and Late Bronze Age periods, for which the term ‘enigmatic’ is proposed due to the current inability to provide definitive interpretations. It is suggested that these engravings and paintings may have functioned as communication systems, potentially prefiguring the writing forms of subsequent periods.
The centre of mass of the ocean as an index of the general stratification and its relation to the overturning circulation
Authors: Rosenthal Benjamin , Roquet Fabien
Published: February 2025

The height anomaly, defined as the height of the ocean’s centre of mass relative to the height of a fully mixed state, provides an index of the strength of the global stratification. In this paper, we propose a definition of the height anomaly accounting for compressibility effects, using the seawater Boussinesq approximation. A budget equation for the height anomaly is derived, tracking which processes control the stratification — diffusive and convective mixing, and conversion into kinetic energy. To test our framework, we analyse model simulations in a rectangular-shaped basin with applied wind and buoyancy forcings.The height anomaly adjusts on timescales ranging from years to centuries due to a combination of deep convection, energy conversion and interior mixing, reaching a value of −26 cm at equilibrium. The buoyancy forcing, which generates the ocean’s mean stratification through a balance between high-latitude convection and interior mixing, is the primary controlling factor. Wind pumping plays a secondary role here. Near equilibrium, a substantial correlation is found between the height anomaly and the meridional overturning transport, at decadal to centennial timescales. In general, a lower centre of mass is associated with an increased global overturning flow, making it a useful index to study overturning circulations.
A Pulsed Interference Model for Weather Surveillance Radars
Authors: Nai Feng , Curtis Christopher D.
Published: February 2025

Electromagnetic interference can contaminate weather radar data, and it is more likely to occur in the future due to increased commercial use of the electromagnetic spectrum. To gain a better understanding of the impact of interference on radar data quality and to support the development of electromagnetic interference filters, a high-fidelity interference simulator for weather radar is needed. In this paper, we focus on pulsed interference from surveillance radars that can manifest as either direct- or indirect-path interference. Direct-path interference can occur when the interfering radar is in the line-of-sight of the receiving radar. In contrast, indirect-path interference occurs when the signal from the interfering radar scatters off hydrometeors and can cause contamination without being in the line-of-sight. The weather-like characteristics of indirect-path interference can make interpreting radar data difficult for operational forecasters. We developed a model for both direct- and indirect-path interference based on our examination of actual instances of interference in WSR-88D data. Our model accounts for changes in radar parameters and scanning strategies that produce corresponding changes to the interference pattern. This model will allow forecasters to assess the spatial effects of pulsed interference at varying power levels, and it can also be used to evaluate the effects of pulsed interference on forecasts, algorithms, and filter performance in future studies.
How do vulnerable people adapt to the impact of sedimentation in the haor wetlands of North-Eastern Bangladesh?
Authors: Islam Mohammad Nazrul , Atiqul Haq Shah Md , Ahmed Khandaker Jafor , Best Jim
Published: February 2025

The frequency and geographic extent of floods in Bangladesh have increased over the past few decades, and sedimentation has gradually raised the beds of wetland water bodies. The present study examined how households (HH) cope with, and adapt to, the adverse effects of sedimentation in the haor wetlands under extreme weather conditions. Lubar and Pochashul haors (hereafter referred to as “LPHs”), in the Sunamganj District region and most affected by sedimentation, are the primary focus of this study. Questionnaire surveys from 180 HH respondents, transect walks, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were conducted to gather data on adaptation strategies for counteracting wetland sedimentation. Descriptive statistics and qualitative data reveal that the residents of Bangladesh’s haor wetlands face difficulties due to flash floods and sedimentation. The study shows that residents borrow money and food, sell their possessions and use other assistance-based resilience strategies. Food-based strategies, such as limiting the quantity and quality of meals, are commonly employed by these HHs in the short term. However, some long-term strategies followed by the residents are not viable, such as changing professions or increasing the use of pesticides in agriculture. The study also finds inventive and constructive ways of making improvements based on traditional knowledge and modifying the agricultural practices used by local people to combat sedimentation. In the event of flooding and sedimentation, our study reveals that wetland inhabitants may use counter-productive survival strategies based on outside innovation and their traditional knowledge, rather than destructive strategies such as reducing food consumption, changing jobs and reducing the sale of resources.
Suicidal Behavior in Women With Eating Disorders: The Mediating Role of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness
Authors: Goldstein Amit , Gvion Yari
Published: February 2025

Women with Eating Disorders (EDs) are at heightened risk for suicide. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of various factors in relation to SB among women with EDs. The study included 64 women with EDs, 62 women with non-ED mental disorders and 39 healthy controls. Participants completed a battery of instruments assessing SB, impulsivity, depression, and interpersonal difficulties. Findings revealed that participants with EDs exhibited higher levels of depression compared to the other two groups. Three mediation models were identified: impulsivity was associated with SB only in the control group while depression was linked to SB solely among participants with non-ED mental disorders. Interpersonal difficulties mediated the pathway from depression to SB in both clinical groups, with this relationship being significantly stronger among EDs. Our findings underscore the central role of interpersonal difficulties on the link between depression and SB among women with EDs.
Sexual Misconduct in the Military: The Impact of Situational Factors on Bystander Intervention Strategies
Authors: Rubenfeld Sara , LeBlanc Manon Mireille , Messervey Deanna L. , Howell Glen T. , Houle Simon A.
Published: February 2025

Intervening is frequently encouraged to prevent or respond to sexual misconduct. However, due to the characteristics of military organizations (e.g., hierarchical structure), intervening may be challenging in military contexts. The aim of this study is to examine situational factors present in militaries (e.g., bystander’s rank relative to the perpetrator’s) that may impact the use of direct or indirect intervention strategies. A sample of Canadian Armed Forces members completed a scenario-based experiment. The results revealed that rank of the bystander, gender of the target, and severity of the situation impacted the use of direct intervention strategies, and the bystander’s rank relative to the perpetrator’s, gender of the target, and severity of the situation impacted the use of indirect intervention strategies. These findings highlight where direct and indirect interventions are unlikely to occur and situations that warrant greater focus in training programs and in communications from leadership.
Navigating social landscapes: Exploring the social well-being of Bangladeshi migrant workers in Malaysia
Authors: Reza Md Mohsin , Islam M Rezaul , Subramaniam Thirunaukarasu
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the social well-being of Bangladeshi migrant workers in Malaysia’s construction sector, specifically in the Klang Valley area in Malaysia. Quantitative data were collected from 220 participants through structured interviews using a standardized questionnaire. The research used five dimensions (social integration, social acceptance, social contribution, social actualization and social coherence) and 33 indicators of social well-being where data were calculated through statistical analyses, including mean, standard deviation and the Friedman test. The findings revealed significant insights into the dimensions of social well-being among migrant workers. Social integration exhibited variations, with disagreement on community belonging but agreement on the value placed on individuals by society. Social coherence highlighted an understanding of Malaysian society but disagreement on its simplicity. Social actualization indicated agreement on society’s progress but disagreement on the role of laws and government. Social acceptance showcased agreement on positive qualities but disagreement on self-centeredness. The results of the Friedman Test indicated notable differences among the groups examined in the study. These findings underscore the importance of addressing various dimensions of well-being and understanding the attitudes and beliefs of migrant workers to foster inclusive and cohesive communities. Findings can guide development practitioners, human rights workers, organizations and policymakers in formulating effective strategies and policies to enhance the social well-being of migrant workers, promoting a more supportive and inclusive community environment.
ETHICS IN RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Authors:   ICRP PUBLICATION 157
Published: February 2025

Publication 138 defines the ethical foundations of the ICRP System of Radiological Protection based on core values (beneficence and non-maleficence, dignity, justice, and prudence) and procedural values (accountability, transparency, and inclusiveness). The purpose of the present publication is to propose a practical application of values for medical radiological protection professions. As medicine has a long history and strong culture of ethics, this publication starts by identifying the shared values, and defines a common language between biomedical ethics and radiological protection. The core values are very similar, with the autonomy of biomedical ethics, which can be seen as a corollary of dignity, and the precautionary principle, which can be understood as the implementation of prudence. In recent years, medical education and training has emphasised the values of solidarity, honesty, and, above all, empathy. All these values are defined and interpreted in the specific context of the use of ionising radiation in medicine. For those more familiar with radiological protection, the ethical implications of their actions are described. Conversely, for those who already have a good background in ethics, this publication highlights the specificities of ionising radiation that also deserve consideration.

In order to emphasise the coherence between the values involved in biomedical ethics and those involved in radiological protection, this publication proposes to combine them: dignity and autonomy; beneficence and non-maleficence; prudence and precaution; justice and solidarity; transparency, accountability, and honesty; and inclusiveness and empathy. This allows a structured review of practical situations from an ethical perspective. For the sake of both example and education, this publication proposes 21 realistic scenarios (11 in imaging procedures and 10 in radiation therapies). Sensitising questions are provided to stimulate reflection and discussion.

The ultimate goal is to be able to use ethical values in clinical imaging and therapy situations. Required education and training in ethics is essential for medical radiological workers throughout their career span. An example of a framework of knowledge, skills, and competencies is proposed. In order to assist the reader in a theoretically complex subject, key messages are distributed throughout the text as fixed points that can be easily understood. Although primarily aimed at medical radiological protection professionals, this publication is also intended for authorities, patients, and the public.

© 2024 ICRP. Published by SAGE.
Psychologisation of cinema: The work of Val del Omar (1904–1982)
Authors: Hidalgo-Romero Elena , Castro-Tejerina Jorge , Loredo-Narciandi José Carlos
Published: February 2025

This article takes the career of Spanish filmmaker Val del Omar (1904–1982) as a basis for analysing some of the crossroads between the psychologisation of modern culture and the development of cinematic art. Like Sergei Eisenstein or Jean Epstein, Val del Omar was an avant-garde director who resorted to psychological discourse to substantiate his aesthetic theories and proposals. As his creative life spanned the better part of the 20th century, he was able to absorb many psychological premises into his theses, including theories around ethno-psychology, psychoanalysis, perception, and empathy. As our analysis shows, those premises drove his aesthetic experimentation to limits beyond conventional cinema. More specifically, Val del Omar’s heterodoxic theoretical and cinematic output focused on two features of psychology he deemed inherent to the new audiovisual media: perceptive automatism and the empathetic connection with the sublime. Building on those grounds, Val del Omar aimed to spur the development of freely willed individuals-viewers. Our conclusions stress the continuity between his psycho-aesthetic agenda and the social engineering characteristic of Western modernity, in conjunction with the construction, not wholly free of contradiction, of the model of subjectivity requisite to that endeavour.
ASHA Workers During COVID-19 in India: At the Intersection of Gender and Work
Authors: Menon Shaveta , Bisht Ramila , Nair Balakrishnan
Published: February 2025

India requires expanded efforts for reaching the healthcare needs of its vulnerable community. Due to a shortage of qualified health workforce, particularly in rural India, less-skilled health workers are selected and trained to mobilise these efforts. These community health workers (CHWs) are primarily women who work as an interface between the communities and the health system. These workers face several systemic challenges like high workloads, insufficient training and little or no feedback about performance. But apart from these, the CHWs also face several challenges that adversely impact their individual and family health and well-being, disrupting their work–life balance. Performing multiple roles results in strain in the balance, affecting their job and quality of life. The imbalance was noticeable in CHWs playing a pivotal role in fighting the recent pandemic in a less resilient health system. We explore these experiences of imbalance across the Indian sub-continent based on published literature and broadcasted stories from social networking platforms, investigate these work and family stressors and outline the reasons for their occurrence among female CHWs. Some stories revealed inequitable access to COVID-19 prevention kits, gender disparities, unpaid wages and lack of psychosocial support for their mental well-being. At the same time, they negotiate through the structural nuances of the Indian health system. This triple burden of dealing with employment, family and structures during these COVID times has amplified their daily struggles as CHWs and women. The article hypothesises that a balanced work–life interface for CHWs matters for improved organisational performance, gender equality and a better quality of life for their children. We performed a systematic review of CHW-related literature and a thematic analysis of stories from social media and print media from March 2020 to March 2021. The research findings attempt to inform the organisation policies responsible for ensuring that their employees are treated fairly and provided with their employment rights. The Indian public health system that supports these CHWs need to engage in ethical work practices that are legal, fair and ensure decent treatment of the workforce by providing conditions that do not harm the staff.
Can Invasive Plants Improve Drought Resilience? A Participatory Approach in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Estefania-Salazar Enrique , Iglesias Eva , Luz Loureiro María
Published: February 2025

Innovative solutions are needed to fight against the expansion of invasive species worldwide. In Hadejia Valley, in northern Nigeria, cattail ( Typha spp.) has colonized vast areas causing environmental and food security problems. Livestock plays a key role in ensuring food security in this region; however, it becomes compromised during the dry season. A nature-based solution is proposed that takes advantage of the invasive plant species to produce silage. To facilitate the adoption of this technology, we employ a participatory approach in which fuzzy cognitive maps are used to enhance adaptation to local conditions and future implementation. We perform focus groups and face-to-face interviews with 312 people. The participants demonstrated a strong willingness to adopt the technology, and our findings indicate positive gender-related impacts on business opportunities. However, we also identify barriers that could be addressed by taking advantage of the social capital in the region and implementing targeted economic subsidies.
Experimental modal analysis of hand-held burs for biomedical applications
Authors: Dubuisson Nola , Pakrashi Vikram , Rounak Aasifa
Published: February 2025

Surgical bur micro-burs commonly used in orthopaedics, neurology and otolaryngology procedures cut into bone structures at high rotational speeds. These tools can produce large amplitude vibrations during cutting, potentially causing instability and overheating that may damage surrounding tissues. It is thus vital to understand their vibrational characteristics to mitigate such occurrences. This research investigates micro-bur dynamics through experimental modal analysis. Traditional methods of modal analysis, typically used for analysis of macro-structures, are found to be unsuitable for the small and complex geometry of micro-tools. Thus, implementation of alternative excitation and measurement techniques are examined, including the use of high-speed cameras and flexible piezoelectric sensors. A comparative study of two different micro-burs is conducted to examine their dynamic characteristics, which may contribute to increased control and safety of the burs. The effect of rotational speed and effective bur length on the natural frequencies of the bur are investigated, through experimentation and finite element modelling. The effect of fixture position on the dynamic measurements taken from the bur is examined to understand the impact of surgeons grip position. With a better understanding of the dynamics of high-speed micro-burs, their design can be improved to minimise instability while cutting, ultimately enhancing the safety of surgeries and improving patient outcomes.
Behavior and simplified calculation method of novel connections for assembled box-shaped steel structure
Authors: Wang Hui , Feng Ruoqiang , Wang Kongli
Published: February 2025

Connections play a critical role in determining the structural behavior and load transfer between modules in assembled box-shaped steel structure buildings. In this paper, a new type of inserted connection with embedded sleeves and long beam bolts is presented. First, the construction of the connections is introduced, and the formula for load rotation of the connections is derived. Subsequently, refined models of the connections are developed using ABAQUS to study their mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms, and the accuracy of the finite element simulation was then verified through experiments. Furthermore, a simplified computational method for the connections, namely, the rod-spring model, is proposed, and its accuracy was validated using the local box refinement model. Finally, an assembled box-shaped structure building structures is established using the refined model and simplified rod-spring model. And the connectivity performance of the simplified calculation for connections in the overall structure is analyzed by comparing the deformations and stress indices of the actual connection model, hinge connection model, and rigid connection model. The findings indicate that the new type of connection is semi-rigid, closely approaching a rigid connection, with the ultimate bending moment and rotational stiffness reaching 95% and 90% of the values of an ideal rigid connection, respectively. The proposed simplified calculation method exhibits differences of approximately 6% and 2.5% in the lateral stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity of the connection, respectively. The simplified calculation method of the connection demonstrates high computational accuracy and efficiency in structural calculations.
Nonuniform data loss reconstruction based on time-series-specialized neural networks for structural health monitoring
Authors: Liu Panping , Tang Zhiyi , Zhang Changxing , Huang Xiaomin , Xu Wei
Published: February 2025

Data loss has been a realistic challenge in structural health monitoring, impacting the normal evaluation of structural performance and making it difficult to detect unusual changes based on incomplete data sets. Nonuniform data loss, such as random packet loss and channel-wise loss, which are commonly seen in practice, further increases the difficulty of data reconstruction problems. Time-series-specialized deep neural networks can learn complex inherent data features of long sequences, offering a promising ability to reconstruct nonuniform data loss. This paper models the data reconstruction as a matrix completion problem and proposes a time-series neural networks-based method for generating a complete data matrix. Four deep neural networks are investigated, that is, Informer, bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), long short-term memory (LSTM), and U-Net networks. Among these, the Informer was modified to adapt to this problem by aligning the inputs of the Informer’s encoder and decoder, resulting in a uniform feature extraction mechanism and dimension. The modified Informer can capture the spatiotemporal correlations and enable the direct generation of reconstructed data from incomplete data. The proposed method was validated using experimental data from the Third International Competition for Structural Health Monitoring (IC-SHM 2022) and the Xiamen Haicang Bridge monitoring data. Multiple data loss ratios and packet size were considered, focusing on two types of nonuniform data loss: random packet loss and channel-wise loss. The results show that when reconstructing data with the simultaneous complete loss of three sensors in Haicang Bridge, the average coefficients of determination ( R2) obtained by Informer, Bi-LSTM, LSTM, and U-Net are 0.979, 0.732, 0.703, and 0.764, respectively. In addition, consistent mutual importance relationships between channels were inferred from channel-wise data loss reconstruction results. The proposed method will effectively solve the challenge of reconstructing nonuniform data missing in practical engineering, ensuring data completeness for subsequent analysis algorithms.
Theoretical assessment of mechanical behaviour of LDPE/Cu composites using nonlinear polynomial regression analysis
Authors: Singh Rajpal , Jamwal Neeru , Kumar Mukesh , Luyt Adriaan Stephanus , Sharma Pradeep Kumar , Kumar Rishi
Published: February 2025

Based on theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models, extensive literature covers various approaches to characterize the mechanical properties of polymer composites filled with different reinforcements. However, those published models show discrepancy with results obtained from experiments. The above situation has been modified by using a nonlinear polynomial regression technique in these models. This paper reports how cardinal polynomial regression models are used, which is very important for anybody who thinks about a clear curvilinear relationship among the variables. As an application, its inclusion includes the polynomial regression model that defines the relationship in terms of desired properties with drilling depth after firstly being elaborately manipulated to imitate mechanical properties between a continuous and dispersed phase. Evaluation of several statistical performance metrics-basically through measures such as SSE, MSE, RMSE, R2 and adjusted R2-have been computed to judge the enhanced plane model. Model coefficients are determined using the least squares method. The modified models were then used to predict mechanical properties of Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE) filled with copper (Cu) powder. These results showed an excellent correlation with the experimental results published earlier, thus validating the modified models’ reliability and accuracy.
Sustainability and Multicriteria Decision-Making in Sediment Management in Hydropower Plants: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Otálvaro Barco Manuela , Vásquez Paniagua José Alfredo , Polanco López De Mesa Jorge Andrés , Botero Hernandez Blanca Adriana
Published: February 2025

Sediment management in hydroelectric power plants has been mainly oriented by economic and technical aspects, unlike current management approaches, which also recognize the importance of integrating social and environmental aspects into decision-making. Consistent with this vision, the concept of corporate sustainability is proposed in the international literature as a management perspective in which the economic, environmental, and social dimensions are considered to guide management in organizations. This article aims to analyze recent studies on sediment management in hydroelectric power plants to evaluate how the corporate sustainability perspective is being integrated into the decision-making processes of sediment management. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted, and its findings lead to the following conclusions: despite the growing interest in corporate sustainability and climate change in the literature, the percentage of publications that include the three dimensions of sustainability as criteria for choosing sediment management alternatives is low. In addition, it has been observed that the economic dimension is still the most relevant criterion for choosing sediment management techniques. Likewise, it has been observed that Multicriteria Decision-Making methods are widely used for selecting sediment management strategies in reservoirs. In the cases in which the three dimensions of corporate sustainability have been integrated into the decisional process, the most used methods are Multi-Attribute Decision-Making.
“Telling My Sons How Angel Reese Stood Toe to Toe with the KKK and Won”: Colorblind Racism and Intersectionality in Sports Discourse on Social Media
Authors: Parsons Shahill , Kennedy Ian , Bentley Quinesha , Wack Morgan
Published: February 2025

This study explores the dynamics of colorblind racism, intersectionality, and racially coded language in sports discourse on social media (Twitter/X), focusing on the contrasting public treatment of African American athlete Angel Reese and White American athlete Caitlin Clark before, during, and after the 2023 NCAA Women’s Basketball Championship. Analyzing 779,188 tweets using the Large Language Model (LLM) RoBERTa, we identify distinct patterns in fan interactions that reveal pervasive elements of colorblind racism and intersecting gender biases in the post-Title IX era. Although Clark and Reese performed nearly identical gestures at different times, Clark’s behavior was often perceived as more acceptable compared to Reese’s, underscoring how both racial and gender dynamics shape public perceptions. In addition, we observe a tendency among Twitter/X users to downplay the significance of racism (minimization of race) and engage in cultural racism, supporting colorblind racist framing. However, our findings also highlight an emerging counter-discourse that challenges these narratives, with supportive reactions toward Reese significantly outweighing the negative and directly opposing the colorblind racism frames. This research contributes to the literature on race, gender, sports, and digital media by offering real-time insights into how fan discourse both perpetuates and contests racial and gendered stereotypes.
End points and Outcomes in Follicular Lymphoma: What should we measure, how, and why?
Authors: Di Mengyang , Maurer Matthew J. , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: February 2025

Overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL) are clinically relevant outcomes/endpoints during examination of therapies. However, with median OS approaching 20 years for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), it is often not feasible to use OS as a primary endpoint in clinical studies. While validated tools for assessing QoL in patient with lymphoma exist, QoL data are rarely the sole basis for drug approvals in FL. Therefore, other survival endpoints, surrogates, and intermediate clinical endpoints have all been used to measure outcomes in FL trials. In this review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of these commonly used traditional endpoints in FL trials and examine the current gaps, including delayed availability of results and suboptimal sensitivity in distinguishing difference in therapeutic effects. To help address the gaps identified, well-validated surrogates, such as complete remission 30 months after starting frontline immunochemotherapy (CR30), may be used as the primary or co-primary endpoint in confirmatory randomized trials. Emerging intermediate endpoints like minimal residual disease, may be useful in early phase trials and in guiding accelerated approvals after appropriate validation. As patient preference plays a crucial role in treatment decisions in FL, it is critical to include QoL as an important secondary trial endpoint and to measure non-medical burdens, including time and financial toxicities. Endpoints that are clinically relevant, timely, and patient-centered may identify new drugs that help patients with FL live longer and better lives.