bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-pot synthesis of 2,3-difunctionalized indoles via Rh(iii)-catalyzed carbenoid insertion C–H activation/cyclization
Authors: Lv Honggui , Shi Jingjing , Wu Bo , Guo Yujuan , Huang Junjun , Yi Wei
Published: September 2017

A new and versatile Rh(iii)-catalyzed carbenoid insertion C–H activation/cyclization for one-pot synthesis of 2,3-difunctionalized indoles has been developed.
Spin fluorescence silencing enables an efficient thermally driven self-reporting polymer release system
Authors: Mutlu Hatice , Schmitt Christian W. , Wedler-Jasinski Nils , Woehlk Hendrik , Fairfull-Smith Kathryn E. , Blinco James P. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: September 2017

A self-reporting profluorescent release system driven by the thermo-reversible dynamic covalent ligation of chromophores to polymer chain, whose fluorescence is silenced by unpaired spins of nitroxides prior to release is introduced.
A practical approach for the synthesis of oxindole and isatin derivatives by Pd-catalyzed intramolecular amination
Authors: Pang Yubo , Guan Mingyu , Zeng Runsheng , Zhao Yingsheng
Published: September 2017

A highly efficient approach for the selective synthesis of bioactive oxindole/isatin-N-acetamide derivatives via Pd-catalyzed intramolecular amination has been developed.
A correlation between the degradability of poly(butylene succinate)-based copolyesters and catalytic behavior with Candida antarctica lipase B
Authors: Zhang Min , Ma Xiao-ning , Li Cheng-tao , Zhao Dong , Xing Yong-lei , Qiu Jian-hui
Published: September 2017

In the present study, the degradation performance of PBS-based copolyesters by CALB was investigated from a molecular point of view.
Fabrication of highly stable and sensitive electrochemical sensor from hemoglobin–Au nanocomposites and its analytical applications
Authors: Wu Weiping , Fang Yuting , Zhu Chenchen , Chen Shiyu , Li Ting , Wu Lei , Bao Ning , Liu Yang , Gu Haiying
Published: September 2017

Hemoglobin–Au nanocomposites fabrication of highly stable and sensitive electrochemical sensor.
Mechanical behaviour of Longmaxi black shale saturated with different fluids: an experimental study
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Xian Xuefu , Zhou Junping , Zhang Liang
Published: September 2017

The stress–strain curves for shale specimens under different fluids saturation.
Evaluation of aptamer specificity with or without primers using clinical samples for C-reactive protein by magnetic-assisted rapid aptamer selection
Authors: Li Huan-Hao , Wen Chih-Yung , Hong Chin-Yih , Lai Ji-Ching
Published: September 2017

Aptamers with primer binding sites are necessary for the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) process.
A microfluidic model of the blood–brain barrier to study permeabilization by pulsed electric fields
Authors: Bonakdar M. , Graybill P. M. , Davalos R. V.
Published: September 2017

This device enables real-time monitoring of permeability across cell monolayers pre- and post-treatment by pulsed electric fields.
Self-quenched ferrocenyl diketopyrrolopyrrole organic nanoparticles with amplifying photothermal effect for cancer therapy
Authors: Liang Pingping , Tang Qianyun , Cai Yu , Liu Gongyuan , Si Weili , Shao Jinjun , Huang Wei , Zhang Qi , Dong Xiaochen
Published: September 2017

A NIR D–A–D structure of a ferrocene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative with a tetracyanobutadiene unit is synthesized for photoacoustic imaging-guided amplifying photothermal therapy.
Novel crosslinkable high-k copolymer dielectrics for high-energy-density capacitors and organic field-effect transistor applications
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Huang Xingyi , Li Tao , Wang Zhongwu , Li Liqiang , Guo Xiaojun , Jiang Pingkai
Published: September 2017

Novel dielectric materials using crosslinkable high-kcopolymers were prepared with high energy density and high efficiency. They were also applied as OFET gate dielectrics to achieve low-voltage operation.
Highly stable, phase pure Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite thin films for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Greul Enrico , Petrus Michiel L. , Binek Andreas , Docampo Pablo , Bein Thomas
Published: September 2017

Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite thin films were prepared and incorporated into photovoltaic devices featuring power conversion efficiencies close to 2.5%.
Correction: Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by ruthenium ion-complexed graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets
Authors: Peng Yi , Lu Bingzhang , Chen Limei , Wang Nan , Lu Jia En , Ping Yuan , Chen Shaowei
Published: September 2017

Correction for ‘Hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzed by ruthenium ion-complexed graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets’ by Yi Peng et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7ta03826g.
Room temperature ethanol sensing properties of ZnO nanorods prepared using an electrospinning technique
Authors: Shankar Prabakaran , Rayappan John Bosco Balaguru
Published: September 2017

In recent years, the design of room temperature gas sensors has received major attention from researchers considering their deployment for real-time monitoring and power consumption.
Polymer colour converter with very high modulation bandwidth for visible light communications
Authors: Vithanage D. A. , Kanibolotsky A. L. , Rajbhandari S. , Manousiadis P. P. , Sajjad M. T. , Chun H. , Faulkner G. E. , O’Brien D. C. , Skabara P. J. , Samuel I. D. W. , Turnbull G. A.
Published: September 2017

We report the synthesis, photophysics and application of a novel semiconducting polymer as a colour converter for high speed visible light communication.
Static clutter elimination for frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar displacement measurement based on phasor offset compensation
Authors: Xiong Yuyong , Chen Shiqian , Xing Guanpei , Peng Zhike , Zhang Wenming
Published: September 2017

The displacement measurement with frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar based on radar interferometry technique has attracted growing interest in recent years. One of the main challenging issues is the static clutter interference in the same range bin, which results in amplitude shrinkage. A novel approach from signal processing side is proposed, i.e. implementing a post‐processing procedure based on phasor offset compensation, which can be formulated as a circle fitting problem regarding phasor representation. Both simulated and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed technique.
I–PD controller for integrating plus time‐delay processes
Authors: Chakraborty Sudipta , Ghosh Sandip , Kumar Naskar Asim
Published: September 2017

An integral–proportional derivative (I–PD) control strategy for integrating plus time‐delay processes is proposed. The proposed scheme consists of an inner PD loop and an outer I‐loop for taking care of the servo as well as the regulatory action. Explicit formulas for tuning of the proposed controller are derived in terms of gain margin, phase margin and critical gain. Moreover, pole‐placement and frequency loop‐shaping design methods are also explored for designing the I–PD controller. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed I–PD controller over conventional P/PI/PID ones for integrating processes. The design is also validated through experiments on a temperature control process.
Backstepping control of sandwich‐like non‐linear systems with deadzone non‐linearity
Authors: Song Jiawei , Zuo Zongyu , Ding Zhengtao
Published: September 2017

This study studies the output tracking control of a class of sandwich‐like systems with state‐dependent deadzone non‐linearity between two cascaded subsystems (e.g. the gear transmission systems). An exact differentiator‐based backstepping control for such a sandwich‐like non‐linear system is proposed. The proposed controller utilises the high‐order sliding mode robust exact differentiator to compensate the impact of non‐strict feedback coupling term due to the sandwiched deadzone. The stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed to be uniform‐ultimately bounded and the output tracking error converges to a residual set. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the tracking performance and effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Petri type 2 fuzzy neural networks approximator for adaptive control of uncertain non‐linear systems
Authors: Bibi Youssouf , Bouhali Omar , Bouktir Tarek
Published: September 2017

In this study, the authors developed a novel universal approximator by the integration of Petri networks into type 2 fuzzy neural networks (T2FNN). T2FNN involve large number of rules, which result in heavy computational burden and great computation time. By incorporating Petri layers to optimise the number of rules; these two drawbacks could be very well overcome. Moreover, a new inference type 2 fuzzy system was developed to reduce the time consumed in the iterative K–M inference procedure, and to increase the approximation accuracy. The proposed inference engine is based on the use of an adaptive modulation of the upper and the lower outputs. The Petri type 2 fuzzy neural networks (PT2FNN) approximator was used to approximate the adaptive control for uncertain single‐input single‐output non‐linear system. The stability of the closed‐loop system was proven and demonstrated using the Lyaponov approach. Comparative studies of the proposed PT2FNN approximator with type 1 fuzzy neural network and T2FNN were performed. The performances of PT2FNN over the two types of the fuzzy system were shown on the inverted pendulum system.
Single image‐based HDR image generation with camera response function estimation
Authors: Huo Yongqing , Zhang Xudong
Published: September 2017

The high performance of high dynamic range (HDR) image and the limitations of sensors impel to acquire HDR images from low dynamic range (LDR) ones. The most popular methods use multiple LDR images with different exposures of the same scene as input. However, it is difficult to have multiple exposures for most of LDR images. The authors propose a single image‐based method to generate HDR image based on camera response function (CRF) reconstruction. The method first estimates the CRF according to the empirical model and the input LDR image. Then, the empirical model of the inverse CRF is constructed according to the relationship between the derivatives of CRF and its inverse function; the optimal solution of inverse CRF is obtained depending on the imaging properties of the edge pixels. Finally, the HDR image is generated by performing the inverse CRF on the original LDR image. The imitation of imaging procedure inherently makes the final HDR image high quality. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach expand image from the dark and bright regions simultaneously. The resulting metric images also illustrate that their proposed method causes lower total contrast error compared with other single image‐based methods.
Comprehensive survey of 3D image steganography techniques
Authors: Girdhar Ashish , Kumar Vijay
Published: September 2017

This study presents an overview of various three‐dimensional (3D) image steganography techniques from survey point of view. The authors present taxonomy of 3D image steganography techniques and identify the recent advances in this field. Steganalysis and attacks on 3D image steganography algorithms have also been studied. 3D image steganography techniques in all the three domains: geometrical, topological and representation domains have been studied and compared among each other on various parameters such as embedding capacity, reversibility and response towards attacks. Some challenges which inhibit the development of 3D steganography algorithms have been identified. This study concludes with some useful findings in the end. A comprehensive survey on 3D image steganography techniques, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is not available and thus it suffices the need of this study.
Adaptive interference nulling with pattern maintaining under mainlobe subspace and quadratic constraints
Authors: Ma Xiaofeng , Lu Le , Sheng Weixing , Han Yubing , Zhang Renli
Published: September 2017

A fast adaptive interference nulling algorithm with arbitrary pattern maintaining without direction of arrival is proposed under the framework of generalised sidelobe canceller (GSC). The problem is formulated to optimise the weight by minimising the total output power of the beamformer, while keeping the antenna gain accurately approximated to that of the quiescent pattern by the mainlobe subspace constraint (MSC) and the weight quadratic constraint. The MSC is constructed by the dominant eigenvectors of the mainlobe covariance matrix. The closed‐form solution to this problem is obtained by two steps. First, the quadratic constraint is relaxed to obtain the weight in the form of a GSC beamformer with diagonal loading (DL) sample covariance matrix. Then, the stringent quadratic constraint is guaranteed by optimising the DL level, which is precisely estimated by a simple iterative equation. The maintenance of pattern mainlobe and the reduction of the computation complexity can be achieved simultaneously. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, and discuss the influence of mutual coupling between antenna elements.
Antenna terminals based on ultra‐compact retrodirective antenna arrays
Authors: Malyuskin Oleksandr , Fusco Vincent
Published: September 2017

A novel physical effect of angular super‐resolution based on the direction‐of‐arrival information sampling using highly oscillatory evanescent harmonics in dense antenna array environment is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. This phenomenon enables realisation of novel, ultra‐compact antenna terminals (ATs) with superdirective radiation patterns and spatial auto‐focusing characteristics for any direction of arrival of the excitation waveform. The use of these ATs should enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio at the receiver, increase overall energy efficiency of the wireless communication or power transmission systems and lead to substantially lower interference and EM pollution across the wireless network area. Special attention is given to the antenna array operating in the presence of a flat metal ground plane or a ground plane with EM band‐gap structure. Near‐field scattering phenomena arising as a result of the antenna array coupling to the ground planes of both types and their effects on the far‐field radiation patterns are analysed in detail. The results of the study should be important for the development of the electrically compact ATs to be employed in the energy‐efficient wireless communication systems including the Internet‐of‐Things, wireless sensor networks and wireless powering systems.
Fast 2D filter with low false positive for network packet inspection
Authors: Shubbar Roaa , Ahmadi Mahmood
Published: September 2017

Deep packet inspection (DPI) represents the major process in network intrusion detection and prevention systems. In DPI each security threat is represented as a signature, and the payload of every incoming data packet is matched against the set of current signatures. Moreover, DPI is also used for other networking applications such as packet classification, quality of service techniques, protocol identification and so on. DPI exhausts extra central processing unit and memory resources, and as a result, several attempts have been proposed to improve this process. In this study, the authors proposed a fast two‐dimensional (2D) filter with low false positive (FP) rate for DPI purposes. It consists of 2D array that employs single hash function and has very low FP rate. Using this filter as an identification tool in a DPI technique will result in more accurate and higher throughput than other systems that employ Bloom (BFs) and quotient filters (QFs). Our experiments show that the proposed solution has time improvement up to 94% over others that employ BFs or QFs and the achieved average throughput is 1.8 Gbps.
Soft switched full‐bridge light emitting diode driver configuration for street lighting application
Authors: Kasi Ramakrishnareddy Ch , Shunmugam Porpandiselvi , Vishwanathan Neti
Published: September 2017

This study presents a light emitting diode driver circuit topology based on a full‐bridge configuration with dimming control. It is more suitable for high power lighting loads. The proposed configuration has advantages of zero‐voltage switching, reduced component count and high efficiency. It can power multiple lighting loads. Operation of the proposed circuit configuration is explained in detail and it is validated through simulated and experimental results on the 145 W experimental prototype with dimming control.
Implementation of two‐output three‐level series‐resonant inverter for induction melting application
Authors: Meesrisuk Watanyu , Jangwanitlert Anuwat , Suwan‐ngam Warachart
Published: September 2017

This study aims to present a two‐output three‐level series‐resonant inverter together with an implementation and experiments for an induction melting application. A three‐level circuit is applied for each branch of inverter in order to decrease the voltage stress on switching devices. A phase‐shifted pulse‐width modulation (PSPWM) with variable frequency control is applied for providing and maintaining a zero‐voltage switching condition over a wide load range. In addition, the PSPWM could provide symmetrical output voltage and current waveforms that result in decreasing the THDv and THDi of output waveforms and harmonic losses of high‐frequency transformer cores comparing to other PWM schemes. Finally, the prototype was designed, built, and tested to verify the consistency between the experimental results and theories of the proposed inverter.
Stochastic multi‐objective framework for optimal dynamic planning of interconnected microgrids
Authors: Samadi Gazijahani Farhad , Salehi Javad
Published: September 2017

This paper proposes a new stochastic multi‐objective framework for optimal dynamic planning of interconnected microgrids (MGs) under uncertainty from economic, technical, reliability and environmental viewpoints. In the proposed approach, optimal site, size, type, and time of distributed energy resources are determined along with optimal allocation of section switches to partitioning conventional distribution system into a number of interconnected MGs. The uncertainties of the problem are considered using scenario modelling and backward scenario reduction technique is implemented to deal with computational burden. In addition, three different risk averse, risk neutral and risk seeker strategies are defined for distribution network operator. The proposed framework is considered as two unparalleled objective functions which the first objective minimizes the investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, power loss cost and pollutants emission cost and the second objective is defined to minimize energy not supplied in both connected and islanded modes of MGs. Finally, multi objective particle swarm optimization is applied to minimize the proposed bi‐objective functions and subsequently fuzzy satisfying method is accomplished to select the best solution proportional to risk based strategies. Efficiency of the proposed framework is validated on 85‐bus distribution system and obtained results are presented and discussed.
Method for identification of sensitive nodes in Boolean models of biological networks
Authors: Dnyane Pooja A. , Puntambekar Shraddha S. , Gadgil Chetan J.
Published: September 2017

Biological systems are often represented as Boolean networks and analysed to identify sensitive nodes which on perturbation disproportionately change a predefined output. There exist different kinds of perturbation methods: perturbation of function, perturbation of state and perturbation in update scheme. Nodes may have defects in interpretation of the inputs from other nodes and calculation of the node output. To simulate these defects and systematically assess their effect on the system output, two new function perturbations, referred to as ‘not of function’ and ‘function of not’, are introduced. In the former, the inputs are assumed to be correctly interpreted but the output of the update rule is perturbed; and in the latter, each input is perturbed but the correct update rule is applied. These and previously used perturbation methods were applied to two existing Boolean models, namely the human melanogenesis signalling network and the fly segment polarity network. Through mathematical simulations, it was found that these methods successfully identified nodes earlier found to be sensitive using other methods, and were also able to identify sensitive nodes which were previously unreported.
Ag(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization and Cyclization of Ketene Aminals: Construction of Azepine and 1,2-Dihydropyridine Derivatives
Authors: Sahoo Akhila , Nayak Sanatan , Prabagar B. , Ghosh Nayan , Mallick Rajendra
Published: September 2017

Silver-catalyzed cyclization and cycloisomerization of ketene N,N-acetals at room temperature has been developed to access a variety of highly substituted cyclobutene-fused azepine and 1,2-dihydropyridine derivatives. This cost-effective method is reliably implemented for the gram-scale synthesis of azepine and dihydropyridine derivatives. The iodo group in the periphery of the dihydropyridine motif can be functionalized with both Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions.
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with a New Approach
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Zolfigol Mohammad , Derakhshan-Panah Fatemeh , Rominger Frank
Published: September 2017

A new approach for the efficient synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines is described. The synthesis was carried out via the reaction of functionalized 2-aminopyridine that were formed through a three-component reaction and phenacyl bromide derivatives.
Cluster Preface: Recent Advances in Protein and Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Liu Lei
Published: September 2017

Lei Liu received undergraduate training at the University of Science and Technology of China. He obtained his PhD degree at Columbia University in 2004 under the supervision of Prof. Ronald Breslow. He carried out post-doctoral studies at Scripps Research Institute from 2004 to 2007 in the laboratory of Prof. Chi-Huey Wong. He has been working at Tsinghua University since 2007. His research group studies chemical protein synthesis.
Nächste Bundesregierung: Es gibt genügend unerledigte Aufgaben
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: September 2017

Viele Analysen im Gesundheitswesen hatten in den vergangenen Wochen vor allem eine Bilanz der abgelaufenen Legislatur zum Thema. Doch jetzt gilt es, den Blick nach vorne zu richten. Denn trotz vieler positiver Entwicklungen bleiben noch genügend Aufgaben für die nächste Bundesregierung, um an dicken Brettern weiter zu bohren.
Postengerangel in der Selbstverwaltung: Zwei Ärztinnen für die G-BA-Spitze
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: September 2017

Im Juni lehnte der Gesundheitsausschuss zwei prominente Kandidaten für die G-BA-Spitze ab. Es war ein Eklat. Jetzt haben Vertreter von Ärzten, Kliniken und Krankenkassen dem Ausschuss zwei eher unbekannte Ärztinnen vorgeschlagen.
Klinik Unternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: September 2017

Börsenexperte Hartmut Schmidt analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Kliniken
Datenaustausch via Whatsapp: „So einfach, so praktisch“
Authors: König Romy
Published: September 2017

„Mach schnell ein Foto und schicke es mir rüber“ – so fing es an: Seit Jahren tauscht ein Unfallchirurg abfotografierte Röntgenbilder mit Kollegen aus – per Whatsapp. Und das ist weniger heikel, als es klingt.
Zukunftsaussichten der Medtech-Branche: Skepsis trotz guter Wirtschaftsdaten
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: September 2017

Die ökonomischen Erwartungen der Medizintechnikhersteller sind ambivalent. Denn einerseits sorgen immer neue Innovation für Umsatzschübe. Aber andererseits wächst in der Branche der Regulierungs- und Effizienzdruck.
Branche in Zahlen
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: September 2017

Dieser Artikel ist nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Alles im grünen Bereich am 20. und 21. September in Essen: Nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: September 2017

„Wir müssen mit alten Gewohnheiten brechen, um große und kleine Veränderungen auf den Weg zu bringen“, fordert der Gründer der Umweltbewegung im Krankenhaus, Franz Daschner, im jüngsten Klinergie-Magazin. Lebensretter sollen so gleichzeitig zu Klimarettern werden. Auf der Veranstaltung „Alles im grünen Bereich – Technik macht Gesundheitsökologie“ am 20. und 21. September in Essen zeigt die FKT anhand zahlreicher Beispiele, dass und wie das gelingen kann.
Herzensangelegenheit? Ein neues Format von DGIV, Vivantes und AOK Nordost: Fünf Schritte für eine bessere Versorgung
Authors: Holzgreve Alfred
Published: September 2017

Das Thema „Herzensangelegenheiten? – Die nächsten fünf Schritte für eine bessere Versorgung von Herzkranken aus der Sicht von Praktikern“ lockte 40 ausgewiesene Vertreter aus der Versorgungspraxis nach Rostock, um auf Einladung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Integrierte Versorgung im Gesundheitswesen e.V. – mit Unterstützung von Vivantes und der AOK Nordost – eine Art Wegbeschreibung zu konzipieren und zu konsentieren.
Comprehensiveness of Pediatric Antiepileptic Prescribing in Clinic Letters: Are We Communicating Well?
Authors: Babiker Mohamed , Butler Christopher
Published: September 2017

This study aims to determine the comprehensiveness of pediatric epilepsy outpatient clinic letters in a tertiary pediatric neurology center with particular focus on the prescribing instructions. A retrospective study was conducted for all pediatric outpatient epilepsy clinic letters between August and October 2016. This study was undertaken in a tertiary pediatric neurology department at the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, United Kingdom. A total of 160 patients were identified during the time period and included in the study. Letters were evaluated for the following information: patient demographics, inclusion of problem list, and medication details including the clarity of prescribing instructions. The comprehensiveness of letters was scored out of nine based on the nine categories; weight, diagnosis list, medication list, dose in milligrams, dose equivalence in milligrams/kilograms/day, formulation, strength or concentration of medication, if applicable is the volume of medication provided and is the trade name provided. A total of 94% of letters had a diagnosis or problem list provided which was clear. Only 68% letters had a separate medication list provided. The dose of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in milligrams was provided in 95% of letters. The formulation of the AED was provided in only 30% of letters. Only 24% of letters where a category 1 AED was prescribed had the trade name provided. This study has demonstrated significant omissions from outpatient pediatric epilepsy letters. The omissions presented in this study may culminate in inefficient communication and increased morbidity. We share practice improving learning points for writing comprehensive letters which we believe can be generalized to other pediatric specialties.
Herzerkrankungen und bewährte Therapiestrategien aus Sicht des Ayurveda
Authors: Gupta Shive Narain , Patel Kalapi , Mittwede Martin
Published: September 2017

Im Ayurveda gehören Herzerkrankungen zu den schwerwiegenden Erkrankungen, weil das Herz als zentrales Lebensorgan angesehen wird, in dem die
Lebensenergie und das Bewusstsein beheimatet sind. Verschiedene ätiologische Faktoren provozieren das im Ayurveda beschriebene Prinzip der
Doshas und bringen das Prinzip Rasa aus dem Gleichgewicht, was die Qualität der Nährstoffe, die über das Blut zum Herzen transportiert
werden, negativ beeinflusst und in der Folge Störungen produziert, die zu einer Herzkrankheit (Hridroga) führen. Zu den bewährten
ayurvedischen Behandlungsstrategien bei Hridroga gehören Reinigungstherapien des Körpers, Heilmittel, die auf das Herz wirken und die
funktionelle Belastung des Herzens reduzieren, Heilmittel mit einer „auskratzenden“ Wirkung (lekhana) sowie die Änderung des Lebensstils aus
ayurvedischer Sicht. Langjährige klinische Erfahrung ist im Ayurveda für ein gutes individuelles Management von Herzkrankheiten notwendig:
Anhand von drei Fallbeispielen aus dem P. D. Patel Ayurveda Hospital, Nadiad, Indien, wird die Umsetzung der ayurvedischen Therapie, die in
den meisten Fällen eine deutliche Verbesserung bei den Patienten erzielen kann, beschrieben.
Weißdorn – neue Erkenntnisse zu einer alten Heilpflanze – ein Multitalent für Herz und Kreislauf
Authors: Gündling Peter W.
Published: September 2017

Weißdornextrakte werden seit langem und weltweit zur Behandlung von Herz-Kreislauf-Krankheiten angewendet. In den letzten Jahren wurden
klinische Untersuchungen von weit mehr als 4000 Patienten sowie eine Vielzahl an Grundlagenforschungen durchgeführt, die immer wieder neue
und überraschende Ergebnisse liefern. Aus Sicht der Naturheilkunde kann Weißdorn daher als ideale Basismedikation sowohl therapeutisch beim
Altersherz, beginnender Herzinsuffizienz, endothelialer Dysfunktion, Arteriosklerose und koronarer Herzkrankheit als auch prophylaktisch zur
Vermeidung dieser Störungen gelten.
Variable range hopping electric and thermoelectric transport in anisotropic black phosphorus
Authors: Liu Huili , Choe Hwan Sung , Chen Yabin , Suh Joonki , Ko Changhyun , Tongay Sefaattin , Wu Junqiao
Published: September 2017

Black phosphorus (BP) is a layered semiconductor with a high mobility of up to ∼1000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a narrow bandgap of ∼0.3 eV, and shows potential applications in thermoelectrics. In stark contrast to most other layered materials, electrical and thermoelectric properties in the basal plane of BP are highly anisotropic. To elucidate the mechanism for such anisotropy, we fabricated BP nanoribbons (∼100 nm thick) along the armchair and zigzag directions, and measured the transport properties. It is found that both the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient increase with temperature, a behavior contradictory to that of traditional semiconductors. The three-dimensional variable range hopping model is adopted to analyze this abnormal temperature dependency of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. The hopping transport of the BP nanoribbons, attributed to high density of trap states in the samples, provides a fundamental understanding of the anisotropic BP for potential thermoelectric applications.
The role of three-dimensional transport in driving enhanced electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection
Authors: Dahlin J. T. , Drake J. F. , Swisdak M.
Published: September 2017

Magnetic reconnection is an important driver of energetic particles in many astrophysical phenomena. Using kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we explore the impact of three-dimensional reconnection dynamics on the efficiency of particle acceleration. In two-dimensional systems, Alfvénic outflows expel energetic electrons into flux ropes where they become trapped and disconnected from acceleration regions. However, in three-dimensional systems these flux ropes develop an axial structure that enables particles to leak out and return to acceleration regions. This requires a finite guide field so that particles may move quickly along the flux rope axis. We show that greatest energetic electron production occurs when the guide field is of the same order as the reconnecting component: large enough to facilitate strong transport, but not so large as to throttle the dominant Fermi mechanism responsible for efficient electron acceleration. This suggests a natural explanation for the envelope of electron acceleration during the impulsive phase of eruptive flares.
Single orbital angular mode emission from externally feed-backed vertical cavity surface emitting laser
Authors: Toda Y. , Moriya A. , Yamane K. , Morita R. , Shigematsu K. , Awaji Y.
Published: September 2017

The single orbital angular momentum mode emission from a commercially available broad-area vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is realized with an optical feedback technique using a spatial light modulator, where a computer generated hologram (CGH) is optimized by taking into account the mode properties of the external cavity VCSEL. The flexibility with which the chirality of the orbital angular momentum mode can be selected is also demonstrated simply by changing the chirality of the CGH. The technique is very simple and easily applicable to other VCSELs without processing.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of AlN nanowall deep UV light emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Xianhe , Zhao Songrui , Le Binh Huy , Mi Zetian
Published: September 2017

We have demonstrated large area AlN nanowall light emitting diodes grown on a sapphire substrate, which operate at 214 nm. Through detailed temperature-dependent and power-dependent photoluminescence measurements and rate equation analysis, a relatively high internal quantum efficiency (∼60%) was derived for AlN nanowall structures at room-temperature. A consistent blueshift in the emission wavelengths was measured with decreasing nanowall widths due to the reduced tensile strain distribution. The devices exhibit excellent current-voltage characteristics, including a turn-on voltage of 7 V and current densities of  >170 A/cm2 at 12 V.
Effect of Si doping on the thermal conductivity of bulk GaN at elevated temperatures – theory and experiment
Authors: Paskov P. P. , Slomski M. , Leach J. H. , Muth J. F. , Paskova T.
Published: September 2017

The effect of Si doping on the thermal conductivity of bulk GaN was studied both theoretically and experimentally. The thermal conductivity of samples grown by Hydride Phase Vapor Epitaxy (HVPE) with Si concentration ranging from 1.6×1016 to 7×1018 cm-3 was measured at room temperature and above using the 3ω method. The room temperature thermal conductivity was found to decrease with increasing Si concentration. The highest value of 245±5 W/m.K measured for the undoped sample was consistent with the previously reported data for free-standing HVPE grown GaN. In all samples, the thermal conductivity decreased with increasing temperature. In our previous study, we found that the slope of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity gradually decreased with increasing Si doping. Additionally, at temperatures above 350 K the thermal conductivity in the highest doped sample (7×1018 cm-3) was higher than that of lower doped samples. In this work, a modified Callaway model adopted for n-type GaN at high temperatures was developed in order to explain such unusual behavior. The experimental data was analyzed with examination of the contributions of all relevant phonon scattering processes. A reasonable match between the measured and theoretically predicted thermal conductivity was obtained. It was found that in n-type GaN with low dislocation densities the phonon-free-electron scattering becomes an important resistive process at higher temperatures. At the highest free electron concentrations, the electronic thermal conductivity was suggested to play a role in addition to the lattice thermal conductivity and compete with the effect of the phonon-point-defect and phonon-free-electron scattering.
Detecting element specific electrons from a single cobalt nanocluster with synchrotron x-ray scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Kersell Heath , Shirato Nozomi , Cummings Marvin , Chang Hao , Miller Dean , Rosenmann Daniel , Hla Saw-Wai , Rose Volker
Published: September 2017

We use a nanofabricated scanning tunneling microscope tip as a detector to investigate local X-ray induced tunneling and electron emission from a single cobalt nanocluster on a Au(111) surface. The tip-detector is positioned a few angstroms above the nanocluster, and ramping the incident X-ray energy across the Co photoabsorption K-edge enables the detection of element specific electrons. Atomic-scale spatial dependent changes in the X-ray absorption cross section are directly measured by taking the X-ray induced current as a function of X-ray energy. From the measured sample and tip currents, element specific X-ray induced current components can be separated and thereby the corresponding yields for the X-ray induced processes of the single cobalt nanocluster can be determined. The detection of element specific synchrotron X-ray induced electrons of a single nanocluster opens an avenue for materials characterization on a one particle at-a-time basis.
A wide range real-time synchronous demodulation system for the dispersion interferometer on HL-2M
Authors: Wu Tongyu , Zhang Wei , Yin Zejie
Published: September 2017

A real-time synchronous demodulation system has been developed for the dispersion interferometer on a HL-2M tokamak. The system is based on the phase extraction method which uses a ratio of modulation amplitudes. A high-performance field programmable gate array with pipeline process capabilities is used to realize the real time synchronous demodulation algorithm. A fringe jump correction algorithm is applied to follow the fast density changes of the plasma. By using the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express protocol, the electronics can perform real-time density feedback with a temporal resolution of 100 ns. Some experimental results presented show that the electronics can obtain a wide measurement range of 2.28 × 1022 m−2 with high precision.
High performance terahertz metasurface quantum-cascade VECSEL with an intra-cryostat cavity
Authors: Xu Luyao , Curwen Christopher A. , Reno John L. , Williams Benjamin S.
Published: September 2017

A terahertz quantum-cascade (QC) vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VECSEL) is demonstrated with over 5 mW power in continuous-wave and single-mode operation above 77 K, in combination with a near-Gaussian beam pattern with a full-width half-max divergence as narrow as ∼5° × 5°, with no evidence of thermal lensing. This is realized by creating an intra-cryostat VECSEL cavity to reduce the cavity loss and designing an active focusing metasurface reflector with low power dissipation for efficient heat removal. Also, the intra-cryostat configuration allows the evaluation of QC-VECSEL operation vs. temperature, showing a maximum pulsed mode operating temperature of 129 K. While the threshold current density in the QC-VECSEL is higher compared to that in a conventional edge-emitting metal-metal waveguide QC-laser, the beam quality, slope efficiency, maximum power, and thermal resistance are all significantly improved.
Increase in the neutron yield from a dense plasma-focus experiment performed with a conical tip placed in the centre of the anode end
Authors: Kubes P. , Paduch M. , Cikhardt J. , Cikhardtova B. , Klir D. , Kravarik J. , Rezac K. , Zielinska E. , Sadowski M. J. , Szymaszek A. , Tomaszewski K. , Zaloga D.
Published: September 2017

The paper describes the evolution of self-organized structures inside a pinched plasma column during the phase of the effective production of fusion neutrons, as observed in the mega-ampere plasma focus experiment performed with a conical tip placed in the centre of the anode face. In a comparison with the plane anode face configuration, the described anode shape facilitated transformations in the pinch column during the neutron production and increased the neutron yield several times. Simultaneously, it decreased the minimal diameter and the length of the pinched column, and it depressed the first neutron pulse. It also induced shorter pulses of X-rays and neutrons, which enabled the determination of a temporal difference between the emission of electron and deuteron beams. The fast electrons were produced mainly during a disruption of the pinch constriction, while the fast deuterons – during the formation and explosion of plasmoids. The paper also presents the temporal evolution of a current distribution in the plasmoid during the neutron production, as well as the appearance and stable positions of current filaments traces upon the surface of the conical anode tip.
Prolate spheroidal particles’ behavior in a vertical wall-bounded turbulent flow
Authors: Arcen B. , Ouchene R. , Khalij M. , Tanière A.
Published: September 2017

Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) have been performed to examine the inertia, shape, and gravity field effects on the dynamics of ellipsoidal particles within a vertical turbulent channel flow. To investigate the effects induced by the particle inertia and shape, computations have been conducted for three aspect ratios and two response times. The influence of gravity has been examined through a comparison with DNS data provided in earlier studies without gravity. The originality of this study is that the prediction of the hydrodynamic force and pitching torque acting on the non-spherical particles has been carried out with recent expressions valid outside the Stokes flow regime. With the data extracted from the DNS, a statistical analysis of the particle spatial distribution, orientation, and translational and angular velocities is carried out. Results show that the presence of a significant mean relative velocity between the dispersed and continuous phases greatly modifies the dynamics of non-spherical particles. Without gravity, the dynamics of ellipsoids is close to that of spheres, whereas it becomes strongly dependent on the particle shape with gravity.
Low-energy electron-induced dissociation in gas-phase nicotine, pyridine, and methyl-pyrrolidine
Authors: Ryszka Michal , Alizadeh Elahe , Li Zhou , Ptasińska Sylwia
Published: September 2017

Dissociative electron attachment to nicotine, pyridine, and N-methyl-pyrrolidine was studied in the gas phase in order to assess their stability with respect to low-energy electron interactions. Anion yield curves for different products at electron energies ranging from zero to 15 eV were measured, and the molecular fragmentation pathways were proposed. Nicotine does not form a stable parent anion or a dehydrogenated anion, contrary to other biological systems. However, we have observed complex dissociation pathways involving fragmentation at the pyrrolidine side accompanied by isomerization mechanisms. Combining structure optimization and enthalpy calculations, performed with the Gaussian09 package, with the comparison with a deuterium-labeled N-methyl-d3-pyrrolidine allowed for the determination of the fragmentation pathways. In contrast to nicotine and N-methylpyrrolidine, the dominant pathway in dissociative electron attachment to pyridine is the loss of hydrogen, leading to the formation of an [M—H]− anion. The presented results provide important new information about the stability of nicotine and its constituent parts and contribute to a better understanding of the fragmentation mechanisms and their effects on the biological environment.
Design of a slot-coupled radial line helical array antenna for high power microwave applications
Authors: Yu Longzhou , Yuan Chengwei , He Juntao , Zhao XueLong , Sun Yunfei , Shen Chenyang
Published: September 2017

An eight-ring radial helical array antenna based on a novel slot-coupled structure is designed and simulated. The novel coupling structure has the advantages of high power-handling capacity and excellent coupling ability. The simulation results of the array antenna agree well with theoretical calculations, and the aperture efficiency is about 78.1% when the beam is in the normal direction. The power-handling capacity is about 100 MW on vacuum condition. The simulation results also show that the gain is 30.7 dB and the main lobe’s axial ratio is 0.25 dB. Furthermore, the structure of the antenna is compact, and it may be applied to larger circular helical arrays to realize higher gain and higher power-handling capacity.
Swept-wing boundary-layer transition at various external perturbations: Scenarios, criteria, and problems of prediction
Authors: Borodulin V. I. , Ivanov A. V. , Kachanov Y. S.
Published: September 2017

This experimental work is devoted to a parametric study of characteristics of the laminar-turbulent transition occurred in a model of a crossflow-dominated swept-wing boundary layer. The experiments are performed in 39 different regimes with low and elevated freestream turbulence levels both in the absence and in the presence of steady freestream vortices of various spanwise scales. The measurements are performed at several values of freestream velocity for two types of distributed surface roughness. Transition scenarios and criteria of turbulence onset are investigated and the problem of transition prediction is examined. It is shown that in all studied cases, the turbulence onset starts with the appearance of local high-frequency secondary instability of the base flow perturbed by primary instability modes. It is found that the 30% level of the threshold zero-to-peak amplitude of combined boundary-layer disturbances (i.e., the steady ones plus unsteady ones) can be used in all studied cases as a simplified turbulence-onset criterion, which was found in previous experiments at other flow and disturbance conditions. A very important, often decisive role of extremely weak steady free-steam disturbances produced by turbulence generating grids is investigated. A generalized combined variable N-factor method of transition prediction is suggested.
Solution of the Fokker-Planck equation with a logarithmic potential and mixed eigenvalue spectrum
Authors: Guarnieri F. , Moon W. , Wettlaufer J. S.
Published: September 2017

Motivated by a problem in climate dynamics, we investigate the solution of a Bessel-like process with a negative constant drift, described by a Fokker-Planck equation with a potential V(x)=−[bln(x)+a x], for b>0 and a<0. The problem belongs to a family of Fokker-Planck equations with logarithmic potentials closely related to the Bessel process that has been extensively studied for its applications in physics, biology, and finance. The Bessel-like process we consider can be solved by seeking solutions through an expansion into a complete set of eigenfunctions. The associated imaginary-time Schrödinger equation exhibits a mix of discrete and continuous eigenvalue spectra, corresponding to the quantum Coulomb potential describing the bound states of the hydrogen atom. We present a technique to evaluate the normalization factor of the continuous spectrum of eigenfunctions that relies solely upon their asymptotic behavior. We demonstrate the technique by solving the Brownian motion problem and the Bessel process both with a constant negative drift. We conclude with a comparison to other analytical methods and with numerical solutions.
Photo-induced-heat localization on nanostructured metallic glasses
Authors: Uzun Ceren , Kahler Niloofar , Grave de Peralta Luis , Kumar Golden , Bernussi Ayrton A.
Published: September 2017

Materials with large photo-thermal energy conversion efficiency are essential for renewable energy applications. Photo-excitation is an effective approach to generate controlled and localized heat at relatively low excitation optical powers. However, lateral heat diffusion to the surrounding illuminated areas accompanied by low photo-thermal energy conversion efficiency remains a challenge for metallic surfaces. Surface nanoengineering has proven to be a successful approach to further absorption and heat generation. Here, we show that pronounced spatial heat localization and high temperatures can be achieved with arrays of amorphous metallic glass nanorods under infrared optical illumination. Thermography measurements revealed marked temperature contrast between illuminated and non-illuminated areas even under low optical power excitation conditions. This attribute allowed for generating legible photo-induced thermal patterns on textured metallic glass surfaces.