bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
САМОСТІЙНА РОБОТА СТУДЕНТІВ - ОСНОВА ВИСОКОГО ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РІВНЯ ФАХІВЦЯ ( ЛІКАРЯ) . ДОСВІД РОБОТИ КАФЕДРИ БІОХІМІЇ І МЕДИЧНОЇ ХІМІЇ ДЗ «ДМА МОЗ УКРАЇНИ»
Authors: Maslak G. S. , Dolgich G. V. , Tsokur N. I. , Shevtsova K. V.
Published: October 2017

Мета дослідження – оптимізація самостійної роботи студентів при вивченні курсу «Медична хімія»Матеріали та методи дослідження. Розробка нових методичних матеріалів відбувається на основі ознайомлення з сучасною вітчизняною та закордонною періодичною літературою, підручниками, електронними ресурсами. На основі аналізу одержаної інформації здійснюється вибіркове впровадження новітніх методів викладання. Результати й обговорення. Навчальний процес з курсу “Медична хімія” формується на основі типової навчальної програми і включає  лекції, практичні і лабораторні заняття, семінари.Відповідно до вимог кредитно-трансферної системи значна частина навчального навантаження для студентів покладена на самостійну роботу. Самостійна робота студентів формує у майбутніх лікарів звичку до самоосвіти як форму dдосконалення знань, життєву необхідність для якісної професійної діяльності. Основною умовою успішного процесу самоосвіти є достатній рівень початкових знань.З метою оптимізації самостійної роботи студентів на кафедрі розроблена методична література – навчально-методичні посібники для студентів і викладачів, розробки для позааудиторної самостійної роботи студентів, збірники тестів, практичних завдань sз лабораторним практикумом, збірники завдань і вправ, збірники лекцій, аудіо-, відео- та мультимедійні матеріали. Всі зазначені види розробок пропонуються студентам трьома мовами: українською для вітчизняних студентів, російською та англійською для іноземних студентів. Електронні варіанти методичних розробок представлено на сайті кафедри.На кафедрі використовують кілька форм опитування і контролю самостійної роботи студентів:– усне обговорення теоретичного матеріалу на практичних заняттях;– контроль практичних навичок при виконанні лабораторних робіт;– поточне тестове опитування з метою контролю засвоєння базового матеріалу;– обговорення рефератів, підготовлених студентами за темами, запропонованими для самостійного освоєння;– семінарські заняття.Найвищий рівень самостійності в освоєнні і, що найголовніше, творчому використанні теоретичного матеріалу студент може проявити при підготовці рефератів. Кращі реферати виставляються на сайті кафедри та беруть участь у кафедральному конкурсі.Висновок. Представлена система мотивації студентів до виконання самостійної роботи при вивченні курсу “Медична хімія” є ефективною та активно використовується співробітниками кафедри.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ АКТИВНОГО НАВЧАННЯ АКУШЕРІВ-ГІНЕКОЛОГІВ
Authors: Rogachevskyi O. P. , Popova L. M. , Rozhkovskaya N. M. , Kossei T. V. , Golubenko M. Y.
Published: October 2017

Мета дослідження – порівняльна оцінка іноваційних технологій навчального процесу у студентів та лікарів-інтернів.Матеріали та методи дослідження. Дослідження базується на вивченні досвіду кафедри акушерства і гінекології № 1 Одеського національного медичного університету щодо забезпечення теоретичної та практичної підготовки студентів і лікарів-інтернів.Результати й обговорення. Інноваційні методики навчання лікарів інтернів активізують навчально-пізнавальну діяльність і розширюють їх творчі здібності, що сприяє забезпеченню ефективної додаткової кадрової політики в системі охорони здоров’я. До традиційного способу передачі знань відносять лекції, семінари, практичні заняття. Проте інноваційні підходи до їх проведення дозволяють вирішувати завдання не лише засвоєння студентами знань і формування професійних умінь, а й розвитку творчих та комунікативних здібностей. Тому на кафедрі активно застосовуються методики нетрадиційного викладу лекційного матеріалу та активно використовується власна імітаційна методика навчання, створена на основі методик рольової гри і стандартизованого пацієнта. Також кафедра акушерства і гінекології № 1 співпрацює з кафедрою симуляційної медицини, на якій студенти старших курсів і лікарі-інтерни проходять навчання клінічних умінь, основане на застосуванні симуляційних технологій.Висновки. Інноваційні методики навчання лікарів інтернів активізують навчально-пізнавальну діяльність і розширюють їх творчі здібності, що сприяє забезпеченню ефективної державної політики в системі охорони здоров’я. Досвід співпраці з симуляційним центром і отримані результати діяльності свідчать про його високий потенціал як у розвитку клінічної компетентності студентів та лікарів-інтернів, так і в забезпеченні безпеки пацієнтів.
ДИДАКТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИКЛАДАННЯ ПЕДІАТРІЇ В УМОВАХ КРЕДИТНО-МОДУЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПРИ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ІНОЗЕМНИХ СТУДЕНТІВ, ЯКІ НАВЧАЮТЬСЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ ЗА ФАХОМ “ЛІКУВАЛЬНА СПРАВА”
Authors: Lezhenko G. O. , Pashkova О. E. , Sidorova I. V. , Kraynya Н. V.
Published: October 2017

Мета роботи – аналіз власного досвіду використання кредитно-модульної системи при навчанні студентів на кафедрі педіатрії та оптимізування методики викладання до сучасних вимог. Матеріали та методи дослідження. У роботі використано методи аналізу літературних джерел та власного досвіду роботи в умовах кредитно-модульної системи при викладанні педіатрії. Основна частина. Для підвищення зацікавленості студентів ми пропонуємо надати можливість отримання додаткових балів з дисципліни за рахунок самостійної навчальної роботи та інших видів діяльності студентів (підготовка рефератів, доповідей та повідомлень на заняттях, що виходять за рамки обов’язкового мінімуму знань). Додаткові бали додаються до загальної кількості з дисципліни. У зв’язку з тим, що велика частина навчальної програми відводиться на самостійне вивчення матеріалу, ми збільшуємо кількість наочного матеріалу (мультимедійні матеріали, наукові фільми).Оцінювання підготовки студентів до практичних занять включає перевірку базових знань, тестовий контроль, усне опитування, вміння виконувати практичні навички та вміння, тобто роботу з хворими, інтерпретування лабораторних та допоміжних методів обстеження, вирішення ситуаційних задач, які допомагають студентам відпрацьовувати навички клінічного мислення.Важливим компонентом навчального процесу є створення умов самооцінки знань студента, одержання морального задоволення від розуміння теми та вільної орієнтації в ній.Метою практичного заняття також є виховні елементи: студент повинен навчитися дотримуватися правил поведінки, принципів лікарської етики та деонтології біля ліжка хворого, оволодіти вмінням встановлювати психологічний контакт із пацієнтом та його родиною, засвоїти почуття професійної відповідальності за своєчасність та адекватність надання кваліфікованої медичної допомоги.Висновки. Для повноцінної організації практично орієнтованого викладання педіатрії іноземним студентам, які навчаються англійською мовою за фахом “Лікувальна справа”, яке б відповідало європейським стандартам, необхідно збільшити кількість наочного матеріалу (мультимедійні матеріали, наукові фільми). У структуру практичного заняття включати клініко-ситуаційні задачі, роботу з хворими, інтерпретування лабораторних та допоміжних методів обстеження, які дозволять іноземним студентам застосувати отримані фундаментальні знання в прикладному аспекті й у практичній діяльності в майбутньому, що допоможе підвищити мотивацію студентів під час вивчення дисципліни. Для підвищення мотивації самостійної навчальної роботи з дисципліни необхідно уніфікувати можливість отримання додаткових балів за інші види діяльності, шляхом розробки алгоритму та вимог до надання додаткових балів до загального рейтингу.
Aberrant Splicing Induced by Dysregulated Rbfox2 Produces Enhanced Function of Ca
V
1.2 Calcium Channel and Vascular Myogenic Tone in Hypertension
Authors: Zhou Yingying , Fan Jia , Zhu Huayuan , Ji Li , Fan Wenyong , Kapoor Isha , Wang Yue , Wang Yuan , Zhu Guoqing , Wang Juejin
Published: October 2017

Calcium influx from activated voltage-gated calcium channel Ca
V
1.2 in vascular smooth muscle cells is indispensable for maintaining myogenic tone and blood pressure. The function of Ca
V
1.2 channel can be optimized by alternative splicing, one of post-transcriptional modification mechanisms. The splicing factor Rbfox2 is known to regulate the Ca
V
1.2 pre-mRNA alternative splicing events during neuronal development. However, Rbfox2’s roles in modulating the key function of vascular Ca
V
1.2 channel and in the pathogenesis of hypertension remain elusive. Here, we report that the proportion of Ca
V
1.2 channels with alternative exon 9* is increased by 10.3%, whereas that with alternative exon 33 is decreased by 10.5% in hypertensive arteries. Surprisingly, the expression level of Rbfox2 is increased ≈3-folds, presumably because of the upregulation of a dominant-negative isoform of Rbfox2. In vascular smooth muscle cells, we find that knockdown of Rbfox2 dynamically increases alternative exon 9*, whereas decreases exon 33 inclusion of Ca
V
1.2 channels. By patch-clamp studies, we show that diminished Rbfox2-induced alternative splicing shifts the steady-state activation and inactivation curves of vascular Ca
V
1.2 calcium channel to hyperpolarization, which makes the window current potential to more negative. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rbfox2 increases the pressure-induced vascular myogenic tone of rat mesenteric artery. Taken together, our data indicate that Rbfox2 modulates the functions of vascular Ca
V
1.2 calcium channel by dynamically regulating the expressions of alternative exons 9* and 33, which in turn affects the vascular myogenic tone. Therefore, our work suggests a key role for Rbfox2 in hypertension, which provides a rational basis for designing antihypertensive therapies.
Time Course of Change in Blood Pressure From Sodium Reduction and the DASH Diet
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P. , Woodward Mark , Sacks Frank M. , Carey Vincent J. , Miller Edgar R. , Appel Lawrence J.
Published: October 2017

Both sodium reduction and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet lower blood pressure (BP); however, the patterns of their effects on BP over time are unknown. In the DASH-Sodium trial, adults with pre-/stage 1 hypertension, not using antihypertensive medications, were randomly assigned to either a typical American diet (control) or DASH. Within their assigned diet, participants randomly ate each of 3 sodium levels (50, 100, and 150 mmol/d, at 2100 kcal) over 4-week periods. BP was measured weekly for 12 weeks; 412 participants enrolled (57% women; 57% black; mean age, 48 years; mean systolic BP [SBP]/diastolic BP [DBP], 135/86 mm Hg). For those assigned control, there was no change in SBP/DBP between weeks 1 and 4 on the high-sodium diet (weekly change, −0.04/0.06 mm Hg/week) versus a progressive decline in BP on the low-sodium diet (−0.94/−0.70 mm Hg/week;
P
interactions between time and sodium <0.001 for SBP and DBP). For those assigned DASH, SBP/DBP changed −0.60/−0.16 mm Hg/week on the high- versus −0.42/−0.54 mm Hg/week on the low-sodium diet (
P
interactions between time and sodium=0.56 for SBP and 0.10 for DBP). When comparing DASH to control, DASH changed SBP/DBP by −4.36/−1.07 mm Hg after 1 week, which accounted for most of the effect observed, with no significant difference in weekly rates of change for either SBP (
P
interaction=0.97) or DBP (
P
interaction=0.70). In the context of a typical American diet, a low-sodium diet reduced BP without plateau, suggesting that the full effects of sodium reduction are not completely achieved by 4 weeks. In contrast, compared with control, DASH lowers BP within a week without further effect thereafter.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00000608.
Blood Pressure Genetic Risk Score Predicts Blood Pressure Responses to Dietary Sodium and Potassium
Authors: Nierenberg Jovia L. , Li Changwei , He Jiang , Gu Dongfeng , Chen Jichun , Lu Xiangfeng , Li Jianxin , Wu Xigui , Gu C. Charles , Hixson James E. , Rao Dabeeru C. , Kelly Tanika N.
Published: October 2017

We examined the association between genetic risk score (GRS) for blood pressure (BP), based on single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in previous BP genome-wide association study meta-analyses, and salt and potassium sensitivity of BP among participants of the GenSalt study (Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity). The GenSalt study was conducted among 1906 participants who underwent a 7-day low-sodium (51.3 mmol sodium/d), 7-day high-sodium (307.8 mmol sodium/d), and 7-day high-sodium plus potassium (60 mmol potassium/d) intervention. BP was measured 9× at baseline and at the end of each intervention period using a random zero sphygmomanometer. Associations between systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure GRS and respective SBP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure responses to the dietary interventions were assessed using mixed linear regression models that accounted for familial dependencies and adjusted for age, sex, field center, body mass index, and baseline BP. As expected, baseline SBP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure significantly increased per quartile increase in GRS (
P
=2.7×10
−8
, 9.8×10
−8
, and 6.4×10
−6
, respectively). In contrast, increasing GRS quartile conferred smaller SBP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure responses to the low-sodium intervention (
P
=1.4×10
−3
, 0.02, and 0.06, respectively) and smaller SBP responses to the high-sodium and potassium interventions (
P
=0.10 and 0.05). In addition, overall findings were similar when examining GRS as a continuous measure. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, we identified an inverse relationship between BP GRS and salt and potassium sensitivity of BP. These data may provide novel implications on the relationship between BP responses to dietary sodium and potassium and hypertension.
Modification of host social networks by manipulative parasites
Authors: Poulin Robert
Published: October 2017

Social network models provide a powerful tool to estimate infection risk for individual hosts and track parasite transmission through host populations. Here, bringing together concepts from social network theory, animal personality, and parasite manipulation of host behaviour, I argue that not only are social networks shaping parasite transmission, but parasites in turn shape social networks through their effects on the behaviour of infected individuals. Firstly, I review five general categories of behaviour (mating behaviour, aggressiveness, activity levels, spatial distribution, and group formation) that are closely tied to social networks, and provide evidence that parasites can affect all of them. Secondly, I describe scenarios in which behaviour-altering parasites can modify either the role or position of individual hosts within their social network, or various structural properties (e.g., connectance, modularity) of the entire network. Experimental approaches allowing comparisons of social networks pre- versus post-infection are a promising avenue to explore the feedback loop between social networks and parasite infections.
Taxonomic notes on Acanthopsis (Acanthaceae, tribe Acantheae): the group with semi-dense spikes and 5-fid bracts
Authors: STEYN HESTER M. , WYK ABRAHAM E. VAN
Published: October 2017

Acanthopsis is a poorly understood genus taxonomically, confined to arid parts of southern Africa. The density of the inflorescences and the morphology of the bracts are taxonomically useful characters for species delimitation. This contribution focuses on the taxonomy and conservation status of those members in the genus characterized by semi-dense inflorescences with 5-fid bracts, all of which are confined to arid parts of the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Six species, A. carduifolia, A. glabra, A. glandulopalmata, A. insueta, A. nitida and A. scullyi, are recognized in this group. Three new species, A. glandulopalmata, A. insueta and A. nitida, are described. An identification key to the species of the group with semi-dense spikes and 5-fid bracts is provided.
Stropharia acanthostipitata (Agaricales, Strophariaceae), a new species from Tropical America
Authors: VIZZINI ALFREDO , ANGELINI CLAUDIO , CHEYPE JEAN-LOUIS , BATTISTIN ELISEO , ERCOLE ENRICO
Published: October 2017

A new species, Stropharia acanthostipitata, is here described from the Dominican Republic and French Guiana based on morphological and molecular ITS/LSU analyses. It is distinguished by a dry, smooth and hygrophanous pileus with minute and fugacious velar remnants at the pileus margin, exannulate stipe, brown lamellae, presence of chrysocystidia on both edge and face of lamellae, and the occurrence of acanthocytes all over the stipe surface.
Cleoserrata (Cleomaceae): taxonomic considerations and a new species
Authors: NETO RAIMUNDO LUCIANO SOARES , BARBOSA MARIA REGINA DE VASCONCELLOS , ROALSON ERIC H.
Published: October 2017

Cleoserrata is a small genus of Cleomaceae that currently includes only two species. We describe here a new species of the genus that is endemic to eastern Brazil, propose two new combinations, review the nomenclature of the species already circumscribed, propose the lectotypification and synonymization associated with those species, and present commentaries concerning their morphological aspects, geographic distributions, relationships of affinity, illustrations, as well as a key for the identification of the species.
The identity of Ranunculus laohegouensis (Ranunculaceae) from Sichuan, China
Authors: YUAN QIONG , YANG QIN-ER
Published: October 2017

We demonstrate that Ranunculus laohegouensis (Ranunculaceae) described from Pingwu in northwestern Sichuan, China, is conspecific with R. sinovaginatus, a species previously already recorded to occur in northwestern Sichuan. We therefore place the former in synonymy within the latter.
On four new species of the jumping spider genus Mago O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 from South America (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: COSTA ERIKA L.S. , RUIZ GUSTAVO R.S.
Published: October 2017

Four new species of Mago O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 are described. Mago furcatus sp. nov. and Mago mimicus sp. nov. are described from Ecuador (Orellana and Napo provinces, respectively), both based only on the male holotypes. Both sexes of Mago pardo sp. nov. and the male of Mago apophysis sp. nov. are also described from the state of Pará, Brazil. A map with records of these species is given.
INSURGENCY AND AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY: The Case of George McGovern
Authors: Haar Roberta N.
Published: October 2017

As a distinct foreign‐policy group, neoconservatives emerged in a period of social unrest and political cynicism—a time when insurgent presidential candidates can have profound effects on the outlook and conduct of foreign policy. The George McGovern insurgency is an important historical event that was accompanied by social unrest, distrust in government, and the splintering of the Democratic Party into disparate foreign‐policy groups, including the neoconservatives. McGovern, and in particular his 1972 nomination as the Democratic Party's presidential candidate, is key to understanding the neoconservatives’ disaffection with their own party. This research investigates the catalyzing and unifying effect that McGovern's 1972 run for the presidency had on those intellectuals who became neoconservatives. Taking McGovern's role into account is vital for understanding the genesis of neoconservative ideology as well as comprehending the movement's present day legacy.
THE DIALOGUE OVER WAR AND PEACE IN THE UNITED STATES: A Discursive Institutionalist Analysis
Authors: Lorenzo David
Published: October 2017

How should we analyze the dialogue over war and peace in the United States? If, as many studies hold, an important part of the debate is about justifying and rebutting justifications of martial policies, how do those attempts work in terms of argument types and strategies? Furthermore, what are those strategies, and how do they function to mobilize support for either side? Extant research on the details involved in such questions is surprisingly scant. To rectify this, the present work analyzes the dialogue and typologizes the arguments used by proponents and opponents by organizing them into categories. I deploy a discursive institutionalist methodology, combining new research on the arguments used by proponents of war with previous work on opposition to wars. The study provides a new understanding of the constituent arguments, norms, and typologies of recent political discussions concerning war and peace in the United States. In so doing, this article offers a new explanation of the dynamics of the debate as well as a thorough rendering of the positions participants take when supporting and opposing the use of armed force.
DOES GLOBALIZATION PROMOTE GOOD GOVERNANCE IN AFRICA? An Empirical Study across 51 Countries
Authors: Asongu Simplice A.
Published: October 2017

This study investigates the effect of globalization on governance in 51 African countries for the period 1996–2011. Four bundled governance indicators and four globalization (political, economic, social, and general) variables are used. The empirical evidence is based on instrumental variable quantile regressions. The motivation for using this estimation technique is that blanket governance–globalization policies are not likely to succeed unless they are contingent on initial levels of governance and tailored differently across countries with low, intermediate, and high levels of governance. The following findings are presented. First, globalization does, in fact, appear to promote good governance. Second, for the most part, the effect of globalization is higher in terms of magnitude in the bottom quantiles of the political, institutional, and general governance distributions. Third, the impact of globalization is overwhelmingly higher in terms of magnitude in the top quantiles of the economic governance distribution.
The global development of contemporary anti-human trafficking advocacy
Authors: Limoncelli Stephanie A
Published: October 2017

Efforts to combat human trafficking have grown in the last few decades, with states, international governmental organizations (IGOs), and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working around the world to address the trade of people under conditions of force, fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation. How has contemporary anti-trafficking advocacy developed globally and why? Competing approaches in global and transnational sociology – world polity and ‘coercion’ perspectives – offer different explanations, with the first focusing on culture and the second focusing on political and economic power. Using data on 1861 anti-trafficking NGOs worldwide as well as secondary sources to qualitatively analyze the historical development of contemporary anti-trafficking advocacy as a case study, this article demonstrates a more complicated process than either perspective predicts. What is needed is an approach that considers political, economic, and cultural forces involved in globalizing movements and that avoids a priori assumptions about the operations of power and the relations of the organizational actors.
Transnationalizing Capitalist Hegemony
Authors: Taylor Ian
Published: October 2017

The international political economy is increasingly underpinned by transnationalizing social and class forces that exercise their interests utilizing nation-states and institutions. Whereas the previous “world economy” was typified by interactions between distinct national economies, in the current “global economy,” service and production chains are ever more transnationalizing. In some readings, the notion of a “transnational state” has been advanced, with the state having broken out of its national limitations and become transnationalized. The transnational state thesis, however, is a concept too far. It denies the critical role played by the state in the internationalization process. Utilizing Poulantzas’ notion of an interior bourgeoisie, an alternative framework is offered that gives us an insight into the ongoing transnationalizing processes that mark the current contemporary stage of capitalism.
Explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attacks to differentiate it from migraine with aura
Authors: Lebedeva Elena R , Gurary Natalia M , Gilev Denis V , Christensen Anne Francke , Olesen Jes
Published: October 2017

Background

The diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks is fraught with problems. The inter-observer agreement has repeatedly been shown to be low even in a neurological setting, and the specificity of the diagnosis is modest to low, reflected in a poor separation of transient ischemic attacks and mimics, particularly migraine with aura with its varied symptomatology. In other disease areas, explicit diagnostic criteria have improved sensitivity and specificity of diagnoses. We therefore present novel explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attacks tested for sensitivity and for specificity against migraine with aura.

Methods

The proposed criteria were developed using the format of the international headache classification. We drew upon the existing literature about clinical characteristics and diagnosis of migraine with aura and transient ischemic attacks. We tested the criteria for sensitivity in a prospectively-collected material of 120 patients with transient ischemic attacks diagnosed before we developed the criteria using extensive semi-structured interview forms in the acute phase after admission. Eligible patients had focal brain or retinal ischemia with resolution of symptoms within 24 hours without presence of new infarction on magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion weighted imaging (n = 112) or computed tomography (n = 8). These criteria were also tested for specificity against a Danish (n = 1390) and a Russian (n = 152) material of patients with migraine with aura diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders edition 3 (beta).

Results

The sensitivity of the proposed criteria was 99% in patients with transient ischemic attacks. The specificity was 95% in the Danish material of patients with migraine with aura and 96% in the Russian material.

Conclusions

Proposed explicit diagnostic criteria for transient ischemic attacks showed both high specificity and sensitivity. They are likely to improve the emergency room diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks. Further testing in unselected materials referred to transient ischemic attacks clinics was beyond the scope of the present study but is recommended for future study.
Toward a Phenomenology of Moral Drive: A Dialogue with Dasan and Fichte
Authors: Lee Nam-In
Published: October 2017

It is the aim of this paper to sketch the basic idea of the phenomenology of moral drive through a dialogue with Dasan and Fichte. In section 1, I will delineate Fichte's theory of moral drive; in section 2, I will discuss Chong Yak-Yong's theory of moral drive. In section 3, I will evaluate the theories of moral drive they have developed, and in section 4, I will sketch the basic idea of a phenomenology of moral drive.
Online and Classroom Simulations: Does Video Use Inspire Interest, Comprehensibility, or Achieve Learning Outcomes?
Authors: Hardway Christina , Seitchik Allison E. , Kurdziel Laura B. F. , Stroud Michael J. , LaTorre Joseph T. , LeBert Cassidy
Published: October 2017

This study examined whether a video illustration of a complex phenomenon promoted learner interest, perceived comprehensibility, and better learning in online- and classroom-based contexts. In the first study, undergraduate participants ( N = 101) viewed learning materials which contained a video only, a video and textual explanation, or a textual explanation alone. Participants rated the interestingness and comprehensibility of the instructional materials and completed a learning outcomes test. The second study ( N = 56) included the same learning materials in a classroom context. The video presentation of the material did not improve learning outcomes, in either context. Participants in the computer-delivered context who only viewed the text learned the material better than those who had viewed the video. In the classroom-delivered context, the video neither helped nor hurt the learning outcomes, but it also did not significantly boost learners’ interest. Taken together, findings from the present study indicate potential limited utility of including video material within these instructional contexts.
Telemedicine Support Groups for Home Parenteral Nutrition Users
Authors: Nelson Eve‐Lynn , Yadrich Donna Macan , Thompson Noreen , Wright Shawna , Stone Kathaleen , Adams Natasia , Werkowitch Marilyn , Smith Carol E.
Published: October 2017

Patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN), a life‐sustaining intravenous (IV) infusion that provides nourishment and hydration to patients with short gut or inflammatory bowel diseases, are often isolated and not in visual contact with peers or health providers. One completed clinical trial (Clinical Trials.gov NCT0190028) and 1 ongoing clinical trial (Clinical Trials.gov NCT02987569) are evaluating a mobile videoconferencing‐delivered support group intervention for patients on HPN and their caregivers. This home‐based telemedicine intervention uses encrypted tablet‐based videoconferencing to connect multiple families in real time. The twice‐daily IV regimen is challenging for patients who may experience infusion catheter‐related bloodstream infections, difficulties with fatigue, loss of sleep, depressive disorders, and worry over the potential life‐threatening side effects and the expenses of this therapy. Using secure telemedicine, the facilitated support group intervention aims to enhance HPN home care, daily functioning, and quality of life. The authors provide the rationale for the telemedicine approach with HPN users and caregivers. They provide “how‐to” information about the content and process of the facilitated support group sessions via secure videoconferencing. They share lessons learned from the ongoing evaluation of the telemedicine approach.
Subcortical gray matter atrophy is associated with cognitive deficit in multiple sclerosis but not in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Kalinowska-Łyszczarz A , Pawlak M A , Pietrzak A , Pawlak-Buś K , Leszczyński P , Puszczewicz M , Majewski D , Paprzycki W , Kozubski W , Michalak S
Published: October 2017

Cognitive impairment is a significant clinical problem both in multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. In MS cognitive dysfunction has been associated with brain atrophy and total demyelinating lesion volume. In SLE cognitive impairment is much less understood, and its link to structural brain damage remains to be established. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between subcortical gray matter volume and cognitive impairment in MS and SLE. We recruited 37 MS and 38 SLE patients matched by age, disease duration and educational level. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a battery of psychometric tests. Severity of cognitive impairment was similar in both cohorts despite larger white matter lesion load in MS patients. Psychometric scores were associated with global and subcortical gray matter atrophy measures and lesion load in MS, but not in SLE. In SLE, the lack of a relationship between cognitive impairment and structural damage, defined either as atrophy or white matter lesions, indicates a different causal mechanism of cognitive deficit.
Tinnitus: Prospects for Pharmacological Interventions With a Seesaw Model
Authors: Tetteh Hannah , Lee Minseok , Lau C. Geoffrey , Yang Sunggu , Yang Sungchil
Published: October 2017

Chronic tinnitus, the perception of lifelong constant ringing in ear, is one capital cause of disability in modern society. It is often present with various comorbid factors that severely affect quality of life, including insomnia, deficits in attention, anxiety, and depression. Currently, there are limited therapeutic treatments for alleviation of tinnitus. Tinnitus can involve a shift in neuronal excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, which is largely modulated by ion channels and receptors. Thus, ongoing research is geared toward pharmaceutical approaches that modulate the function of ion channels and receptors. Here, we propose a seesaw model that delineates how tinnitus-related ion channels and receptors are involved in homeostatic E/I balance of neurons. This review provides a thorough account of our current mechanistic understanding of tinnitus and insight into future direction of drug development.
Phenotyping of CYP 4501A2 Activity by Total Overnight Salivary Caffeine Assessment (TOSCA) in Patients on Warfarin Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tarantino Giovanni , Capone Domenico , Contaldi Paola , Gianno Adriana , Teresa Mosca , Tufano Antonella
Published: October 2017

Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant, commonly used for primary and secondary prevention of venous and arterial thromboembolic events. The drug is characterized by narrow therapeutic index, widespread individual variability in clinical response, and high rates of adverse events, particularly bleeding complications. For these reasons, a close monitoring of the dosage, using the frequent assessment of coagulation status by means of International Normalized Ratio value, is mandatory. Warfarin is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450. High CYP 450 activity may lead to low drug concentration and requires high warfarin doses to reach efficacy; conversely, low CYP 450 activity is responsible for high drug concentration and needs for low doses to avoid potential toxicity risks. The major isoforms of CYP involved in the metabolism of warfarin sodium are CYP1A2 (for the R-warfarin) and CYP2C9 (for the S-warfarin). The probes for testing CYP1A2 are phenacetin and caffeine while for CYP2C9 tolbutamide. Although S-warfarin has major activity, it was decided to exclude its phenotyping for ethical issues, being mandatory to use a drug (tolbutamide). Instead, it was chosen to test the 1A2 isoform, as the activity of the latter isoform could be investigated by using caffeine contained in the caffeinated beverages. Specifically, a single-point concentration of salivary caffeine (total overnight salivary caffeine assessment [TOSCA]) after an overnight period of the caffeinated beverages abstinence was utilized. In the present study, 75 nonsmoker patients regularly receiving warfarin sodium were enrolled. The results have showed a significant association of the warfarin dose with TOSCA values (coefficient = –0.15, standard error = 0.04, 95% confidence interval = –0.24 to –0.06, t = –3.23, P = .002). In conclusion, the phenotyping of CYP1A2 by TOSCA could be useful, if further proven, to help manage patients on warfarin in order to lessen severe adverse events.
Study on tribological performances of MoS2 coating at high temperature
Authors: Meng Fanming , Yang Chengzhang , Han Huali
Published: October 2017

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is widely used as a solid lubricant. An investigation of the tribological performances for MoS2 coating deposited on the matrix (GCr15 steel) was conducted at high temperatures. Then the effects of the applied loads and rotating speeds at transition temperature are analyzed. Experimental results show that when the temperature is lower than the transition temperature, the MoS2 coating has excellent lubricating properties. The oxidation of the MoS2 coating is mainly affected by the testing temperature, followed by the testing time. At the transition temperature, the increase in the applied load and rotating speed of the disc in a certain range enables the formation of MoS2 transfer film, and improves the tribological performance of the MoS2 coating.
Segments and stutters: Early years teachers and becoming-professional
Authors: Fairchild Nikki
Published: October 2017

There has been extensive research and analysis of the professionalization of early childhood educators/teachers. The recent promotion of a teacher-led workforce in England has further focused discussions on the modelling of early years teachers as professionals. In this article, the author develops an alternative analysis using the concepts of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari to explore professionalization as a process of becoming. English policy focus has been on constituting early years teachers as reflective and rational subjects, and moving towards a narrower view of professional identity where school-ready discourses are prevalent. The author’s research with early years teachers reveals a complex negotiation and interchange with the demands of professional identity. This is analysed through Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of segmentation to refer to the forms of power which order early years teachers’ professional identity, and stuttering to develop the forms of resistance and negotiation that suggest a more fluid model of becoming. In particular, the analysis focuses on how stuttering opens up beyond the limits of a discourse analysis to suggest embodied and material forms of practice that are central to early years teaching. This methodology allows a move beyond the binary nature of humanist thought which posits mind-matter and culture-nature, towards a politics of possibility in which emerging early years teachers are engaged with an embodied and material world.
Optimization of culture conditions for rapid clinical‐scale expansion of human umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Choi Wankyu , Kwon Soon‐Jae , Jin Hye Jin , Jeong Sang Young , Choi Soo Jin , Oh Wonil , Yang Yoon Sun , Jeon Hong Bae , Jeon Eun Su
Published: October 2017

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have broad‐spectrum therapeutic effects in various diseases, and thus have many clinical applications. However, it is difficult to produce sufficient numbers of MSCs for clinical use, and improved culture systems are required. Here, we report the effects of calcium (Ca2+) and hypoxia on the proliferation of human umbilical cord blood‐derived MSCs (hUCB‐MSCs). In addition, we determined the optimal conditions of these two factors for the large‐scale culture of hUCB‐MSCs.

Methods

hUCB‐MSCs were maintained under hypoxic conditions (3% O2) with 1.8 mM Ca2+ during long‐term culture, and their proliferation was evaluated. To characterize the underlying mechanisms, the effects on hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways were investigated. The therapeutic effects in a mouse emphysema model were analyzed and compared with those of naive MSCs.

Results

The proliferation of Ca2+/hypoxia‐treated hUCB‐MSCs was increased compared with that observed using either calcium or hypoxia culture alone, without loss of stem cell marker expression or differentiation ability. The enhancement of the proliferation capacity of hUCB‐MSCs by the synergistic effects of Ca2+ and hypoxia was dependent on the expression of HIF‐1α and the ERK signaling pathway. The proliferation of Ca2+/hypoxia‐treated hUCB‐MSCs resulted in a delayed senescence phenotype and increased the expression levels of stemness genes such as Oct4 and Nanog compared to those observed in conventional culture conditions. In addition, Ca2+/hypoxia‐treated MSCs transplantation in the mouse emphysema model showed the same therapeutic effects as observed with naive MSCs.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that a Ca2+/hypoxia‐based expansion system has applications for the large‐scale production of MSCs for therapeutic purposes.
Draft genome sequence and characterization of commensal Escherichia coli strain BG1 isolated from bovine gastro-intestinal tract
Authors: Segura Audrey , Auffret Pauline , Klopp Christophe , Bertin Yolande , Forano Evelyne
Published: October 2017

Escherichia coli is the most abundant facultative anaerobic bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract of mammals but can be responsible for intestinal infection due to acquisition of virulence factors. Genomes of pathogenic E. coli strains are widely described whereas those of bovine commensal E. coli strains are very scarce. Here, we report the genome sequence, annotation, and features of the commensal E. coli BG1 isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of cattle. Whole genome sequencing analysis showed that BG1 has a chromosome of 4,782,107 bp coding for 4465 proteins and 97 RNAs. E. coli BG1 belonged to the serotype O159:H21, was classified in the phylogroup B1 and possessed the genetic information encoding “virulence factors” such as adherence systems, iron acquisition and flagella synthesis. A total of 12 adherence systems were detected reflecting the potential ability of BG1 to colonize different segments of the bovine gastro-intestinal tract. E. coli BG1 is unable to assimilate ethanolamine that confers a nutritional advantage to some pathogenic E. coli in the bovine gastro-intestinal tract. Genome analysis revealed the presence of i) 34 amino acids change due to non-synonymous SNPs among the genes encoding ethanolamine transport and assimilation, and ii) an additional predicted alpha helix inserted in cobalamin adenosyltransferase, a key enzyme required for ethanolamine assimilation. These modifications could explain the incapacity of BG1 to use ethanolamine. The BG1 genome can now be used as a reference (control strain) for subsequent evolution and comparative studies.
Advances in medical adhesives inspired by aquatic organisms’ adhesion
Authors: Park Kyu Ha , Seong Keum-Yong , Yang Seung Yun , Seo Sungbaek
Published: October 2017

In biomedicine, adhesives for hard and soft tissues are crucial for various clinical purposes. However, compared with that under dry conditions, adhesion performance in the presence of water or moisture is dramatically reduced. In this review, representative types of medical adhesives and the challenging aspects of wet adhesion are introduced. The adhesion mechanisms of marine mussels, sandcastle worms, and endoparasitic worms are described, and stemming from the insights gained, designs based on the chemistry of molecules like catechol and on coacervation and mechanical interlocking platforms are introduced in the viewpoint of translating these natural adhesion mechanisms into synthetic approaches.
Case Report: Hyperprolactinemia and growth hormone deficiency associated with Morning Glory Syndrome; with a review of the literature
Authors: Bhavsar Ravi , Pavlovic Maia , Razavi Afsoon , Umair Muhammad , Senapathi Harsha , Sachmechi Issac
Published: October 2017

Morning Glory Syndrome (MGS) is a rare congenital malformation of the optic nerve that is caused by a failure of the closure of the choroidal embryonic fissure in utero. The syndrome is usually seen in association with midline cranial defects, such as transsphenoidal and basal encephaloceles. Although MGS usually presents as an isolated ocular finding, it can be associated with endocrinological abnormalities. We report a case of a 32 year old female with MGS with hyperprolactinemia and growth hormone (GH) deficiency. She was diagnosed with MGS at the age of three and her past medical history was significant for left eye blindness, hyperprolactinemia and GH deficiency. She has received GH replacement and oral contraceptive pills in the past. Our investigations revealed elevated prolactin levels (63mg/l) and borderline low GH levels. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an abnormality involving the optic chiasm, left optic nerve and compression of the pituitary gland by a basal encephalocele. Genetic studies were positive for a mutation in Paired box 6 gene (PAX6). She is being currently treated with cabergoline for her hyperprolactinemia. Our aims of this report are to highlight the hormonal manifestations of MGS and to review the etiopathogenesis of this rare disorder.
Reconsidering Hospital Readmission Measures
Authors: Pronovost Peter J. , Brotman Daniel J. , Hoyer Erik H. , Deutschendorf Amy
Published: October 2017

Current hospital readmission measures are part of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Five‐Star Quality Rating System but are inadequate for reporting hospital quality. We review potential biases in the readmission measures and offer policy recommendations to address these biases. Hospital readmission rates are influenced by multiple sources of variation (eg, mix of patients served, bias in the performance measure); true differences in quality of care are often a much smaller source of this variation. Thus, variation from caring for large proportions of socioeconomically disadvantaged or tertiary‐care patients will bias a hospital's ratings. Ratings aside, readmission measures may indirectly harm patients because low readmission rates do not correlate with reduced mortality, yet the Five‐Star Quality Rating System weighs readmission equally with mortality. We propose that hospital quality rankings not use readmission measures as currently constructed.
Gossypium Herbaceum Ghcyp1 Regulates Water-Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance by Modulating Stomatal Activity and Photosynthesis in Transgenic Tobacco
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Archana Kumari , Ranjan Sanjay
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT: The cyclophilins genes are induced by abiotic stresses, yet their detailed function in drought and salinity remain largely unclear and need to be elaborately validated.Expression of cyclophilin was drastically induced under droughtconditions in Gossypiumherbaceum L. suggesting its stress-responsive function. In an attempt to characterize the role of G.herbacuemcyclophilingene GhCYP1, we overexpressed the GhCYP1 in tobaccousing Agrobacteriummediated transformationand explored its possible involvement in drought and salt stress tolerance.The transgenic plantsover expressing GhCYP1 exhibited tolerance against drought stress as evidenced by leaf disc assay, estimation of chlorophylland proline content along with various physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance, rate of photosynthesis and water use efficiency.The drought stressed transgenic tobaccoplants exhibited higher proline content in leaf ( 1.84 µ mol-g fw) and root (2.02µ mol-g fw ),while a reverse trend was observed in the drought stressed wild type plants, implicating the involvement of GhCYP1 in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. Thedetail physiological, biochemical and molecular analysis results demonstrate the implicit role of GhCYP1 in conferring multiple abiotic stress tolerance at whole-plant level.
Effect of UV-B Radiation on Germination of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Erram Nagendram , Gaddameedi Anil , Siddamalla Swapna , Reddy Tumu Venkat , Bhanoori Manjula
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT: In the present investigation, Maize seeds of hybrid NK 6240 and 900M Gold were exposed to UV-B (280-320 nm) for periods of 40 and 60 minutes and compared with the control without exposer to UV-B. The biochemical changes associated with UV-B induced resistance were investigated by determination of proline concentration, total soluble sugars, total soluble protein, malondialdehyde content and free amino acids from leaves and roots. Also comparison for germination percentage between control and treated seeds was carried along with biochemical traits. Analysis of variance explains both the hybrids were significantly different in germination percentage, total soluble sugars, proline and free amino acids. Whereas both treatments showed high significant variation for all the studied traits, but genotype × treatment interaction was non-significant for all the traits. 40 minutes UV-B treated seeds showed reduced total soluble sugars and increased malondialdehyde, proline and total soluble protein content. In 60 minutes UV-B treatment, decrease in free amino acids, proline, percentage of germination, and total soluble protein and increase in total soluble sugars was observed.