bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Factors Affecting Students’ Smartphone Purchasing Behaviors in the Context of Mobile Learning
Authors: Elammari Hana A.B , Cavus Nadire
Published: November 2019

Since we are living in the information era, it is highly important that people can reach the desired knowledge whenever required. Mobile devices have become in-dispensable in the everyday lives of humans. The recent developments in the field of technology have affected all sectors as well as the education sector, and have thus increased the importance of mobile learning. However, in order to gain the maximum benefit from mobile learning, it is important to know the specifications of the mobile devices used by the students so that the teaching materials can be prepared accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect students’ choices when they are making the decision to purchase a mobile phone. Differences are observed between countries, as there are differences be-tween students. In this context, when the literature is studied, it is seen that insufficient research has been conducted in many countries, particularly in Northern Cyprus. This study focuses on investigating the factors affecting university students’ mobile phone purchasing behaviors in North Cyprus. Data was collected from 472 voluntary students by using a survey research model. The factors affecting students’ mobile phone purchasing behaviors, such as brand image, price, product/application features, and peer group influence were considered in this study. Consequently, four hypotheses were proposed and only one of these hypotheses was not supported. In other words, brand image, product/application features, and peer group influence were found to be effective factors in students’ choice, while the price seemed not to be an important factor. The most important result of the study was that the smartphones occupy a very important place in students’ everyday lives and they were not affected by price considerations. Therefore, it is thought that these high demands of students for smartphones will be very advantageous in the transition of educational institutions to mobile learning, particularly from the perspective of teachers. It can be said that students’ familiarity with using mobile technologies will affect their motivation positively and this may also positively affect their academic success rates in mobile learning. Therefore, it is hoped that the results obtained in this study will guide teachers in developing countries to prepare their course materials and consequently revise their curriculum in the context of mobile learning.
Research and Trends in Technology and Gifted Child: Results of a Content Analysis
Authors: Uzunboylu Huseyin , Ozcinar Zehra , Kolotushkin Sergey M. , Kalugina Olga A. , Zulfugarzade Teymur E.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine research and trends in technology usage in gifted child published in selected professional sources during the period 1990-2019. Content and Citation analysis was used in this study to investigate documents related to technology usage in gifted child researches, which were indexed in the Web of Science. “Technology” and “gifted” (high abilities) related keywords were used jointly in the search for documents. There was a total of 240 documents judged to be relevant to the field of technology usage in gifted child education and were analyzed. However, as a result of individual review of the sources, 40 documents that were not relevant for the purpose of the research were excluded from the scope of the re-search. As a result of this study, it can be seen that the documents and the number of citations related to the technology usage in gifted child education field has been continuously increasing since 2005. It is recommended that a combination of citation analysis and other types of analyses should be used in future research studies.
Determination of Mobile Addiction and Social Media Addiction Level of Parents and Their Attitudes Towards Usage of Technology
Authors: Kanbul Sezer , Kallagov Taymuraz E. , Rubanik Vladimir E. , Khairullina Elmira R. , Ribakova Laysan A.
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study is to determine the mobile addiction and social media addiction level of parents and their attitudes towards usage of technology. The study has a descriptive and correlational model pattern which is a quantitative re-search method. The sample of the study consisted of 200 pre-school student par-ents. In order to collect the data, “Mobile Addiction Scale”, “Social Media Addic-tion Scale” and “Parent Attitude towards Technology Usage Scale” were used and the descriptive statistics of the scale scores and the relational findings be-tween the scale scores were included. Accordingly, statistically significant and positive correlations were found between the scores of parents' subscales in the 'Parental Attitude Scale for Technology Usage and 'Mobile Addiction Scale'. It is hoped that the study will shed light on other researchers in terms of their attitudes towards mobile and social media addiction levels and usage of technology.
De Zojagé à Houénoussou : idéologie et esthétique théâtrale en période « révolutionnaire » au Bénin
Authors: Nouwligbeto Fernand
Published: November 2019

Les archives publiques et privées à Porto-Novo, Cotonou et Ouidah fournissent des indices susceptibles d’esquisser, avec les outils de la critique génétique, une étude du scénario Zojagé du spectacle Houénoussou, création de l’Ensemble artistique national présentée en 1974 au Québec lors du Festival international de la jeunesse francophone. L’étude de ce canevas permet d’apprécier les implications idéologiques du spectacle et sa dimension esthétique.
Tensions identitaires d’enseignants d’éducation socio-culturelle au sein d’une transition sociétale et agroécologique
Authors: Bon Séverine , Panissal Nathalie
Published: November 2019

Cet article analyse les tensions identitaires d’enseignants d’éducation socio-culturelle engagés dans une réforme agricole de transition agroécologique et participant à la démarche d’enseigner à produire autrement. Dans une approche compréhensive, exploratoire et qualitative, nous nous appuyons sur des entretiens semi-dirigés pour faire émerger les rapports que ces enseignants entretiennent avec eux-mêmes, avec leur travail et avec les autres, ainsi que des critères d’engagement, de temporalité, d’intentionnalité et de socialité vis-à-vis de cette réforme. Les résultats montrent qu’ils ne prennent pas toute la mesure de cette transition, qu’ils perpétuent leurs habitudes disciplinaires et qu’ils se trouvent démunis professionnellement face à ces enjeux d’écocitoyenneté. Ils n’en sont qu’à l’amorce de leur transition identitaire dont l’aboutissement est la transformation de cette phase exploratoire en une conscientisation des nouveaux enjeux, au-delà de l'agroécologie.
Enseignants d’EPS dans un lycée d’élite : le défi de la « lisibilité »
Authors: Pochon Sarah
Published: November 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux enseignants d’EPS lorsqu’ils exercent en contexte d’excellence et interroge les contraintes potentielles qui pèsent sur ces professionnels. Le projet est de montrer que les enseignants d’EPS d’un lycée d’élite parisien ne rencontrent pas de difficultés d’ordre « situationnel » mais font face au défi de « lisibilité » de leur discipline. À l’appui d’une démarche ethnographique et en nous inscrivant dans une socio-ethno-didactique, nous proposons de situer la discipline EPS dans ses conditions locales et sociales d’enseignement. Les résultats montreront que les enseignants s’adressent à un public socialement favorisé qui oppose à la docilité scolaire un « réalisme calculateur » au point de confronter les enseignants aux représentations contrastées qu’ont les élèves de la discipline. La difficulté du travail enseignant dans ce contexte consiste à faire face à un défi : œuvrer en faveur de la reconnaissance identitaire de la discipline et de sa « lisibilité ».
Changer de point de vue ! De la difficulté malheureuse à l'épreuve constructive : un effet des recherches collaboratives ?
Authors: Buznic-Bourgeacq Pablo , Guern Anne-Laure Le , Thémines Jean-François
Published: November 2019

Le texte propose une conceptualisation originale de l’épreuve, à partir de ses dimensions sociale, clinique et didactique, permettant d’analyser des difficultés rencontrées par les enseignants en tant que reflets du contexte social et de l’expérience subjective. Cette conceptualisation est illustrée par des retours opérés sur des recherches collaboratives qui l’ont soutenue ou confortée. Pour finir, l’article insiste sur les conditions d’exercice d’une responsabilité des chercheurs à l’égard d’acteurs qui, dans ce cadre collaboratif, nous semblent devoir être en position de co-auteurs, tout à la fois d’une analyse de leur situation et d’une reprise en main de leur métier. C’est en ce sens que le concept d’épreuve trouve sa valeur constructive.
Analyser l’expérience du stage en enseignement au travers du prisme des difficultés et des échecs de stagiaires québécois : réflexion basée sur les écrits spécialisés
Authors: Desbiens  Jean-François , Habak  Adel , Martineau Stéphane
Published: November 2019

Cet article présente une réflexion sur les difficultés et les échecs parfois vécus par des stagiaires en formation initiale à l’enseignement. Ces phénomènes demeurent encore mal documentés. Selon leur état d’esprit du stagiaire (mind set), ils sont perçus comme des sources d’embarras sinon d’humiliation ou, comme le montrent des travaux portant sur l’apprentissage découlant de l’échec (failure based learning), comme des occasions d’apprendre à saisir dans un processus de développement professionnel. Nous défendons l’idée qu’un accompagnement attentif par des formateurs habilités à utiliser d’une approche de résolution de problèmes peut aider les stagiaires en enseignement à mieux composer avec les difficultés et échecs vécus en stage et à construire leurs compétences ainsi que leur identité professionnelles.
Une analyse de la souffrance enseignante : Horkheimer, Adorno et l’humain comme être souffrant
Authors: Robichaud Arianne , Masse-Lamarche Marie-Hélène
Published: November 2019

Cet article éclaire, d’un point de vue essentiellement théorique, le phénomène de la souffrance enseignante dans une perspective empruntée à la sociologie et la philosophie sociale des principaux représentants de la première génération de l’École de Francfort, Max Horkheimer et Theodor Adorno : ses objectifs sont de mettre en lumière les articulations possibles entre les manifestations microsociologiques de la souffrance vécue dans le cadre du travail enseignant (problèmes d’adaptation, stress, désenchantement face au métier, remaniements identitaires professionnels et personnels) et le concept macrosociologique de rationalisation instrumentale du système éducatif. Quels sont les impacts de ce processus de rationalisation, au cœur de la pensée horkheimerienne et adornienne, sur les différentes manifestations de la souffrance enseignante ? Comment le concept de souffrance chez les deux philosophes permet-il de mieux comprendre les fondements et rouages des difficultés enseignantes ?
Socialisation professionnelle en ligne : étude cyber-ethnographique d’une communauté virtuelle de maîtres supplémentaires
Authors: Magogeat Quentin
Published: November 2019

À partir d’une étude cyber-ethnographique d’une communauté virtuelle de maîtres supplémentaires travaillant à l’école primaire constituée sur les réseaux sociaux, nous avons cherché à identifier et comprendre les usages de cet outil technologique favorisant la communication à distance et asynchrone. L’analyse des discussions entre maîtres supplémentaires sur le groupe virtuel a permis de saisir au moins trois usages. Premièrement, le groupe Facebook constitue un espace de socialisation professionnelle entre pairs, afin de s’acculturer à une culture commune de maître supplémentaire. Deuxièmement, les membres semblent utiliser ce groupe comme un espace d’échanges et de circulation de savoirs, favorisant leur intéressement et leur enrôlement au sein du dispositif « Plus de maîtres que de classes ». Enfin, l’analyse des discussions permet d’identifier ce groupe comme un espace de soutien social et émotionnel, par l’intermédiaire duquel certains maîtres supplémentaires en profitent pour partager des difficultés professionnelles liées à l’exercice de leur fonction.
Robert Gloton (1906-1986) : un artisan de l’Éducation nouvelle dans l'enseignement public ?
Authors: Patry Delphine
Published: November 2019

En 1945, Robert Gloton devient Inspecteur « atypique » des écoles primaires et tente d’influencer les méthodes pédagogiques des enseignants dans les circonscriptions dont il a la charge. Militant, puis dirigeant du Groupe Français d’Éducation Nouvelle à partir de 1950, sa volonté de faire entrer les idées de l’Éducation nouvelle au sein de l’enseignement public passe par la constitution de groupes d’enseignants volontaires favorables à ces changements. En 1962, il entreprend d’instaurer un projet de grande ampleur à Paris en impulsant le groupe expérimental de pédagogie active et fonctionnelle du 20e arrondissement. Quelle est la trajectoire de Robert Gloton ? Quelle est histoire de cette expérience pédagogique ?
Promoting Intercultural Learning through Synchronous Video Exchange
Authors: Warner-Ault Ann
Published: November 2019

The current study explores utilizing the ACTFL cultural framework to structure synchronous video-based speaking activities and subsequent class discussions. The study includes 39 students in two sections of an intermediate-level college Spanish course who engaged in five 30-minute conversations with native speakers of Spanish via Talk Abroad during one semester. Quantitative and qualitative data from the semester suggest students' oral proficiency and critical cultural awareness improved. A comparison of survey data indicates that student-reported satisfaction and learning via Talk Abroad was comparable to that of virtual exchanges coordinated by professors during previous semesters. These findings suggest third-party providers can provide students a similar level of learning and engagement for less of an investment in time, technology, and institutional resources than has been reported in previous studies.
Exploring Learner Perception, Experience and Motivation of Using a Mobile App in L2 Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Kohnke Lucas
Published: November 2019

In recent years, the widespread growth of mobile-assisted language learning using apps has made English vocabulary learning increasingly accessible. This study investigated students' perceptions of a vocabulary learning app developed by the researcher as a tool to help them to improve their L2 receptive vocabulary. The app, containing 20 levels, works with both iOS and Android. The participants were 14 undergraduate students at an English-medium university in Hong Kong. A qualitative methodology of semi-structured interviews captured a holistic overview and revealed students' perceptions of the app. The results suggested that Hong Kong university students have a strong motivation for acquiring an L2 vocabulary. Participants also indicated a preference for mobile applications using gamified features. The study highlights directions for future research into apps for English language learning.
University EAP Students' Perceptions of Using a Prototype Virtual Reality Learning Environment to Learn Writing Structure
Authors: Pack Austin , Barrett Alex , Liang Hai-Ning , Monteiro Diego Vilela
Published: November 2019

This study investigates English language learner (ELL) perceptions of using a prototype virtual reality learning environment (VRLE) designed for teaching and learning writing structure. A mixed-methods approach was used, incorporating pre- and post-participation questionnaires, as well as semi-structured interviews. Participants consisted of 10 ELLs enrolled in first year English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses at a university in Mainland, China. Results indicate that while the majority of students enjoyed using the VRLE, they maintained varying attitudes regarding the usefulness of the VRLE. Additionally, results from a correlation analysis suggest that learners' attitudes towards the material or content being learned (EAP writing) significantly correlates with learners' attitudes towards using the VRLE for learning writing structure.
Using New Marketing Technologies for Promoting Traditional Food Products
Authors: Tarcza Teodora Mihaela , Popa Adela Laura
Published: November 2019

This article aims to identify the ways in which producers of traditional Romanian food promote and commercialize in the digital era. Romanian manufacturers of traditional products are hardworking people preoccupied with the quality of the products that they so dearly prepare, but who are struggling to keep up with the latest marketing trends and technologies regarding advertising and commerce. This research is part of an ampler project aimed at identifying and describing consumer behavior of traditional products. It endeavored to find common factors between consumer behavior and the manner in which producers manage to fulfill consumer needs. Therefore, this study is qualitative in nature, based on personal interviews. The results of this research will be disseminated to the producers involved in the study, in hopes of implementing the findings in their businesses. One finding that was particularly interesting is that although producers are reluctant to use new technologies in their activities, they are willing to learn or ask help from the young and skilled.
Challenges of IT Adoption at Educational Institutions
Authors: Hasan Saad , Hoque Mohammad Rashedul , Chowdhury Shafkat Reza , Mohib Ashfaque A. , Ahad Md. Abdul
Published: November 2019

Information and communication technology have become more potent over the years and its organization wide usage is ever increasing. New technology integration has been changing the way individuals work and organisations operate. However, despite the many benefits, technology adoption can also be at times problematic and disruptive. This research utilising the case study method investigated the nature of problems and their impacts due to IT changes and automation in educational institutions in Bangladesh. The findings reveal that there are problems related to network; process; interface; and hardware that are causing operational impacts such as disruption, efficiency loss, productivity loss and quality issues of various extent. Furthermore, the paper based on the results of the case study and expert opinion provides a set of recommendations for problem mitigation.
The Antecedents of Search Performance
Authors: Thongmak Mathupayas
Published: November 2019

Searching and evaluating information are two core information processes of an individual's information behavior. Thus, this research aims to examine search performance to complete tasks regarding experiences, knowledge, and intention in both views. Based on literature studies, this study considered experiences as drivers of knowledge; experiences and knowledge as determinants of intention; and intentions as predictors of search performance. The proposed model was empirically tested using structural equation modeling. The results supported all relationships except the influence of experiences on intention. This work contributes to a theoretical model of antecedents driving search performance for task fulfillment. The findings help educational institutions/ enterprises to enhance students/ workers' search performance. Suggestions to improve the decision guidance of a KMS are also described.
Framing the Design Space of Multimodal Mid-Air Gesture and Speech-Based Interaction With Mobile Devices for Older People
Authors: Mich Ornella , Schiavo Gianluca , Ferron Michela , Mana Nadia
Published: November 2019

Multimodal human–computer interaction has been sought to provide not only more compelling interactive experiences, but also more accessible interfaces to mobile devices. With the advance in mobile technology and in affordable sensors, multimodal research that leverages and combines multiple interaction modalities (such as speech, touch, vision, and gesture) has become more and more prominent. This article provides a framework for the key aspects in mid-air gesture and speech-based interaction for older adults. It explores the literature on multimodal interaction and older adults as technology users and summarises the main findings for this type of users. Building on these findings, a number of crucial factors to take into consideration when designing multimodal mobile technology for older adults are described. The aim of this work is to promote the usefulness and potential of multimodal technologies based on mid-air gestures and voice input for making older adults' interaction with mobile devices more accessible and inclusive.
Building Sentiment Analysis Model and Compute Reputation Scores in E-Commerce Environment Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Elmurngi Elshrif Ibrahim , Gherbi Abdelouahed
Published: November 2019

Online reputation systems are a novel and active part of e-commerce environments such as eBay, Amazon, etc. These corporations use reputation reporting systems for trust evaluation by measuring the overall feedback ratings given by buyers, which enables them to compute the reputation score of their products. Such evaluation and computation processes are closely related to sentiment analysis and opinion mining. These techniques incorporate new features into traditional tasks, like polarity detection for positive or negative reviews. The “all excellent reputation” problem is common in the e-commerce domain. Another problem is that sellers can write unfair reviews to endorse or reject any targeted product since a higher reputation leads to higher profits. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to use a statistical technique for excluding unfair ratings and to illustrate its effectiveness through simulations. Also, the authors have calculated reputation scores from users' feedback based on a sentiment analysis model (SAM). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Electric Vehicle Fleet Management Using Ant Colony Optimisation
Authors: Muriel Javier Biera , Fotouhi Abbas
Published: November 2019

This research is focused on implementation of the ant colony optimisation (ACO) technique to solve an advanced version of the vehicle routing problem (VRP), called the fleet management system (FMS). An optimum solution of VRP can bring benefits for the fleet operators as well as contributing to the environment. Nowadays, particular considerations and modifications are needed to be applied in the existing FMS algorithms in response to the rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs). For example, current FMS algorithms do not consider the limited range of EVs, their charging time or battery degradation. In this study, a new ACO-based FMS algorithm is developed for a fleet of EVs. A simulation platform is built in order to evaluate performance of the proposed FMS algorithm under different simulation case-studies. The simulation results are validated against a well-established method in the literature called nearest-neighbour technique. In each case-study, the overall mileage of the fleet is considered as an index to measure the performance of the FMS algorithm.
A Critical Overview of Digital Twins
Authors: Adjei Princess , Montasari Reza
Published: November 2019

In recent years, organisations have invested heavily in the digitisation of their processes to maximise productivity. A digital twin is one of the most recent emerging technologies that is to disrupt business models and to leverage competitive advantage; applications can be found in many industries including, but not limited to healthcare, manufacturing and supply chains, and engineering. This article provides a critical perspective to the benefits of digital twins, their applications as well as the challenges encountered following their use. Cybersecurity risks as one of these key challenges will be further discussed within the article.
A Review on Wireless Communication Protocol and Security Privacy
Authors: Bai K. S. Nirmala
Published: November 2019

The significant way of using the technology relies on the effective way of utilizing and regenerating the resources. Technology advancements increase day by day in each and every sector including construction, automobile, manufacture, production, bio-medical sciences and home appliances. The use of wireless protocols that bridges the gap with the Security and Privacy Issues in Internet of Things has been drastically in demand as always. Ipv6, IEEE 802.15.4, WirelessHart had played a vital role in the field of Internet of Things. Their impact can be further advanced with the specifications designed in Wireless Protocols. Robust and more secure bits preserving communication protocol leading the earlier protocols used.
Security Issues on IoT Environment In Wireless Network Communications
Authors: Gowthami K.
Published: November 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates a giant range of physical objects that measures items that are unambiguously known, ubiquitously interconnected and accessible through the web. IoT aims to remodel any object within the real-world into a computer that has sensing, communication, and management capabilities. There is a growing range of IoT devices associated degree applications, and this results in an increase within the range, and quality of malicious attacks. It is necessary to guard IoT systems against malicious attacks, particularly to stop attackers from getting management over the devices. The common place web security protocols square measure recognized as unsuitable in these varieties of networks, significantly because of some categories of IOT devices with unnatural resources.
Study the Nonlinearity Characteristics of Organic-Semiconductor (CuPc) Prepared Via Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique with Different Thickness
Authors: Hussein Mohammed T. , Mohammed Reem R.
Published: November 2019

The optical absorption spectrum, Photoluminesces, and non-linear optical properties for Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films (150,300 and 450 nm) respectively have been investigated via pulsed laser deposition technique. The absorption spectrum indicted that there are two bands one in UV around 330 nm which called B-band and the second in Visible around 650nm which called Q-band. Photoluminescence spectrum related to deposit samples has been determined with different thicknesses. From closed and open aperture Z-scan data non-linear absorption coefficient and non-linear refractive index have been calculated respectively using He-Ne laser which have beam waist of (24.2 μm), wave-length of (632.8 nm) and Rayleigh thickness was 2.9 mm. Through dividing closed by open apertures, non-linear refractive index was calculated accurately. Finally, the study also showed the suitability of the deposited films as an optical limiter at the wavelength 632.8 nm.
Analytical Study and Laboratory Tests for Investigating the Application of Polymer for Achieving High Strength Concrete
Authors: Keya Kamrun N. , Habib Alamgir , Akhter Sampa , Tamim Hasan M. , Akhter Maksuda
Published: November 2019

Polymer concrete is one kind of which is used as an additive of the binding material. Due to their high thermal stability, tensile and flexural strengths, high compressive strength and resistance to chemical, its popularity increasing rapidly and which is now widely used as a construction material. This paper explores a research study that has been establishing a standard correlation between concrete compressive strength with the amount of polymers and other ingredients. Hence a comparison was made between the conventional concrete and polymer concrete. As per ASTM C31, the mix design of polymer concrete is calculated and estimated the material quantity. In this research, a total of twenty-two trail mixes of polymer concrete were prepared with different amount of epoxy resin and hardener. In implementation of experimental program compressive strength test was performed for conventional concrete, polymer resin (epoxy resin) concrete with resin percentage 10%, 12%, 15%, 17% and 20% was performed and compared the results with polymer concrete (no-fly ash) with polymer concrete (fly ash) percentage 15%. It was found that the compressive strength of the polymer concrete was increased with increasing the percentage of a polymer. Compressive strength of the 17% and 20% polymer resin-based polymer concrete was 46.75 MPa and 48.32 MPa and cost was around 1,17,110.00 TK and 1,37,152.00 TK; respectively and also it was observed that by using fly ash the strength of the concrete could be increased significantly. It can be said that higher strength can be achieved with a comparatively high cost. However, the cost can be reduced by proper materials selection, mix ratio, curing and adequate quality control of the material.
Seminal vesicle cyst presenting with acute retention of urine
Authors: De Silva W. A. S. , Quintus K. D. C. , Rajasinghe S.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
A case of adult Wilm’s tumour masquerading as an inflammatory mass in the kidney
Authors: Abeygunasekera A. M. , Weligamage A. , Senthan K. , Ginige A. , Dissanayaka G.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Percutaneous neo-cystolithotrity for multiple calculi in Mainz pouch neobladder
Authors: Weerasinghe N. L. , Perera N. D.
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
Anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone-induced cataract model
Authors: Duman Reşat , Ertekin Tolga , Duman Rahmi , Vurmaz Ayhan , Çetinkaya Ersan , Güzel Hilal
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:

Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. The aim of the present study was to investigate anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone (HC)-induced cataract model.

Methods:

The study included 60 fertilized eggs divided into six groups each having 10 eggs: one group treated with only HC (HC group); three treated with both HC and different doses of betaine (HC/B 1.00, HC/B 0.50 and HC/B 0.25 groups) and two non-HC groups treated with only phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group) or betaine (B group). After the injections, lenses of the embryos were removed and classified into five stages according to the lens opacification. The amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the removed lenses were measured.

Results:

All the lenses in non-HC-treated groups were clear, whereas in the HC-treated group, 90 per cent of the lenses had cataract (stages 4 and 5). The mean score of lens opacity was significantly lower in all HC/B groups compared to HC group (2.4-3.5 vs. 4.4, P<0.05). Among HC/B groups, the HC/B 0.25 group had significantly lower mean score of lens opacity compared to remaining HC/B groups treated with higher doses of betaine. In addition, the mean reduced GSH level was significantly higher in HC/B 0.25 group compared to HC, HC/B 1.00 and HC/B 0.50 groups (P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The present results show beneficial anti-cataract and anti-oxidant effects of 0.25 μmol/egg betaine on HC-induced cataract in the chick embryo.
Environmental rights in the Asia Pacific region: taking stock and assessing impacts
Authors: Gellers Joshua , Jeffords Chris
Published: November 2019

Since their emergence in the 1970s, human rights relating to environmental protection have spread all over the world and continue to find homes in an ever-growing list of national constitutions. These provisions mainly fall into one of three categories – substantive, procedural, or derivative environmental rights. Over the last two decades, the proliferation of these rights has caught the attention of legal scholars and social scientists, who have sought to catalogue their distribution and analyze the origins and impacts of this development. The literature in this area has provided anecdotal updates concerning environmental rights jurisprudence at the national and regional levels and global quantitative assessments regarding the effects that such rights have on humans and the environment. However, scant work offers regionally-focused empirical examinations of the variation of the presence and impacts of environmental rights. In an effort toward filling this gap, this article utilizes statistical techniques in order to determine what, if any, correlation exists between environmental rights and environmental performance in the Asia Pacific region. Preliminary results suggest that, over the past several years, countries with environmental rights have experienced strong improvements in ecosystem vitality but weak reductions in measures of environmental health. In addition, there is evidence of important intra-regional differences – South and South-West Asia lay claim to some of the world's most innovative environmental rights jurisprudence, while North and Central Asia possess the region's greatest concentration of constitutions featuring environmental rights. The article concludes with several recommendations for policy-makers in the region regarding the adoption and implementation of environmental rights.
Trójwymiarowe modele matematyczne na przykładzie obiektów ze zbiorów Muzeum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Authors: Maślanka Krzysztof , Rodzeń Jacek , Wyka Ewa
Published: November 2019

W artykule podajemy przykłady modeli matematycznych, obecnie niemal zapomnianych, które jeszcze kilkadziesiąt lat temu odgrywały wielką rolę w dydaktyce matematyki. Z końcem XIX wieku powstała prężna produkcja tych modeli na użytek szkół i uczelni. W Muzeum UJ zachowały się w doskonałym stanie trzy takie modele.

Three-dimensional mathematical models illustrated by objects from the collections of the Jagiellonian University Museum

Abstract

This paper presents examples of mathematical models which have almost passed into oblivion, yet a few decades ago still played a significant role in the teaching of mathematics. In the late nineteenth century such devices started to be produced on a large scale for schools and universities. The Jagiellonian University Museum has three such models in perfect condition in its collections.
Nieznane polonika kanadyjskie – William John Rose i jego archiwalna spuścizna
Authors: Pudłocki Tomasz
Published: November 2019

Autor omawia archiwalną spuściznę Williama Johna Rose’a (1885–1968), kanadyjskiego slawisty, historyka i socjologa, pokazując jej przydatność do badań nad historią nauki oraz relacjami uczonych polskich z uczonymi z krajów anglosaskich. Ze względu na oddalenie Vancouver od Polski kolekcja zgromadzona w Archiwum Uniwersytetu Kolumbii Brytyjskiej nie była do tej pory przedmiotem zainteresowań polskich uczonych, warta jest jednak zauważenia ze względu na swoje bogactwo i różnorodność tematyczną.

Unknown Canadian Polonica – William John Rose and his archival legacy
Abstract

The author discusses the archival legacy of William John Rose (1885–1968), a Canadian Slavist, historian and sociologist, showing its usefulness in researching the history of science and the relations between Polish scholars and scientists from Anglo-Saxon countries. Due to the distance of Vancouver from Poland, the Rose Fond collected in the Archives of the University of British Columbia (Canada) has not been the subject of interest of Polish scholars so far, but it is worth noting due to its richness and thematic diversity.
divergent histories of Bose-Einstein statistics and the forgotten achievements of Władysław Natanson (1864–1937)
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: November 2019

This article investigates the forgotten achievements of Władysław Natanson (1864–1937) related to the creation of Bose-Einstein statistics.
The introductory part of the article presents considerations regarding the methodology of history and the history of exact sciences, and then the divergent research perspectives that can be taken in the description of the history of Bose-Einstein statistics, as well as the author’s integrated approach to this issue, which eliminates the disadvantages of these divergent views.
This integrated approach is then used to describe the achievements of Władysław Natanson related to the creation of Bose-Einstein statistics.
These achievements are presented against the background and in the context of discussions which – relatively sporadically – took place among various groups of researchers: historians and philosophers of science, physicists, sociologists of scientific knowledge in the 20th and 21st centuries.
These discussions have now been reordered here. They are followed by a presentation of the complete list of Natanson’s publications regarding the subject. Also shown is his strategy to quote reliably the bibliography with regard to the explanation of the distribution of blackbody radiation and related issues.
Additionally, a list of scientists who knew Natanson’s publications has been supplemented in the article and the precursorship of Natanson’s achievements is explained. This is followed by a rebuttal of many erroneous or simplified statements about him and his achievements.
The already well-known terminological conventions have been recalled: “Bose statistics” and “Bose-Einstein statistics”, as well as recently introduced: “Planck-Bose statistics” (1984), “Natanson’s statistics” (1997)”, “Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics” (2005), “Planck-Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics” (2011), and “Natanson statistics” (2013).
New terminological conventions have been introduced: “Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics” and “Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics”.
A side effect of this research is a discovery that Robert K. Merton – the author of the label ‘Matthew effect’ – chose the name of the effect using erroneous premises and the effect should therefore be named after its actual discoverer.
The article is accompanied by four appendixes: the first presents reflections on the methodology of historiography and historiography of exact sciences, the second – a commentary on the use of the terms: “Bose statistics”, “Bose-Einstein statistics”, “Einstein-Bose statistics” and “Planck-Bose statistics”, the third – a very important letter by Max Planck to  Władysław Natanson (of 25 January 1913), and the fourth – the excerpts of two letters from Sommerfeld to Rubinowicz (of 1 October 1919 and 1 November 1919).
State of competition: conceptual shoehorning behind priority on calcitonin precursor biosynthesis
Authors: Wulff Enrique
Published: November 2019

Until the 1950s, the first results in the studies of calcitonin-thyrocalcitonin were ignored in the accepted research scheme. However, it was José Fernández Nonídez from the Spanish School of Histology, died in Augusta (Georgia, USA) in 1947, whose expertise in the parafollicular cells of the mammalian thyroid had led him to an advanced understanding of this separate endocrine organ, which secretes calcitonin. The antecedent of the secretion was present in the cytoplasm of these cells, which Nonídez explained in a paper published in 1932.
In 1973, a Spanish group from the Instituto Gregorio Marañón (Madrid) leading the research into the ectopic production of calcitonin identified the precursor responsible for its biosynthesis. Nonetheless, given the informal power in connection with the communication between the scientists, this significative contribution was absolutely discarded in terms of acknowledgment within their social circle. The services responsible for dissemination of scientific knowledge considered that priority should be given to another group of young scientists dedicated to pro-calcitonin evidence.
The nature and extent of informal communication are highlighted in countries with different measures to guarantee the autonomy and independence of their state powers. Irrespectively of political circumstances, the paper is focused on the competition between two different approaches in science particularly important for progress in medicine: the perspective presented by experimental studies in basic sciences (in animals) and the models developed in clinical sciences.
Construção e validação de um questionário para análise de concepções sobre engenharia genética e a idealização do “melhoramento” humano
Authors: Schneider Eduarda Maria , Corazza Maria Júlia , De Carvalho Graça Simões
Published: November 2019

Este estudo descreve a construção e validação de um questionário proposto para investigar as concepções de estudantes sobre a engenharia genética humana e a eugenia. O instrumento foi construído no tipo de escala de Likert, na qual o respondente manifesta seu grau de concordância frente a um conjunto de assertivas. Para validá-lo como instrumento de pesquisa, o questionário passou pela validação semântica, realizada por seis especialistas e por um estudo piloto, resultando na alteração, inserção e exclusão de alguns itens. Após estas alterações, o questionário foi aplicado para 283 estudantes brasileiros e 335 portugueses para subsequente validação estatística. A fidedignidade do instrumento foi avaliada pelo teste Alpha de Cronbach que atingiu uma consistência interna de 0,856 para a amostra brasileira e de 0,830 para a portuguesa. Os testes Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) e Esfericidade de Bartlett permitiram confirmar a viabilidade na análise fatorial. Assim, o questionário aplicado em cursos universitários brasileiros e portugueses foi devidamente validado e está em condições para ser usado na avaliação da alfabetização científica de estudantes sobre a engenharia genética, mostrando-se assim, como um importante contributo para futuras pesquisas.
Refugee Perceptions toward Democratic Citizenship: A Narrative Analysis of North Koreans
Authors: Hur Aram
Published: November 2019

This article examines the informal dimension of political integration for refugees: how, after a lifetime of authoritarianism, do they make sense of their newfound democratic citizenship? I identify the perceptual lenses that refugees use through a narrative study of North Korean refugees
in South Korea. Discourse analysis of thirty-one personal narratives and twenty paired debates on topics about democratic citizenship reveals a surprising phenomenon. For refugees who feel co-national identification with South Koreans, a deeply communal script of duty to the nation—socialized
in the authoritarian North—is extended toward South Korea, framing new democratic roles such as voting as a matter of obligation. Those who lack such identification tend to rely on an instrumental approach instead, with implications for divergent integration trajectories.
Reducing smoking in Australia: how to include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
Authors: Williams Martin , Allan John
Published: November 2019

Issue addressed: Australia has succeeded in lowering the overall prevalence of tobacco smoking in the last four decades and has enjoyed a worldwide reputation for innovative policy. However, this success has not extended to Indigenous Australians.

Method: Narrative review and critique of literature from government, public health, health promotion, marketing and communication on smoking cessation in Australia.

Main points: We first consider the history of government anti-smoking measures including legislation and communication initiatives including advertising and sponsorship bans, health warnings and ‘no smoking’ rules affecting anti-smoking norms, culminating in the banning of branding and the advent of tobacco plain packaging. We also review the effects of excise increases and smoking cessation aids such as quit lines and nicotine replacement therapy. For each type of intervention, both population-wide and those specifically directed at Indigenous people, we consider the probable reasons for the failure to reach Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people or alter their smoking patterns, and make suggestions for improvements in interventions and their evaluation.

Conclusion: The history of anti-smoking initiatives in Australia suggests that community-based health initiatives are likely to be more effective in addressing Indigenous people and helping smokers to quit.
Dimethyl sulfide and its role in aerosol formation and growth in the Arctic summer – a modelling study
Authors: Ghahreman Roya , Gong Wanmin , Galí Martí , Norman Ann-Lise , Beagley Stephen R. , Akingunola Ayodeji , Zheng Qiong , Lupu Alexandru , Lizotte Martine , Levasseur Maurice , Leaitch W. Richard
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide, DMS(g), is a climatically important sulfur compound and is the main source of biogenic sulfate aerosol in the Arctic atmosphere. DMS(g) production and emission to the atmosphere increase during the summer due to the greater ice-free sea surface and higher biological activity. We implemented DMS(g) in the Environment and Climate Change Canada’s (ECCC) online air quality forecast model, GEM-MACH (Global Environmental Multiscale–Modelling Air quality and CHemistry), and compared model simulations with DMS(g) measurements made in Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in July and August 2014. Two seawater DMS(aq) datasets were used as input for the simulations: (1) a DMS(aq) climatology dataset based on seawater concentration measurements (Lana et al., 2011) and (2) a DMS(aq) dataset based on satellite detection (Galí et al., 2018). In general, GEM-MACH simulations under-predict DMS(g) measurements, which is likely due to the negative biases in both DMS(aq) datasets. However, a higher correlation and smaller bias were obtained with the satellite dataset. Agreement with the observations improved when climatological values were replaced by DMS(aq) in situ values that were measured concurrently with atmospheric observations over Baffin Bay and the Lancaster Sound area in July 2014. The addition of DMS(g) to the GEM-MACH model resulted in a significant increase in atmospheric SO2 for some regions of the Canadian Arctic (up to 100 %). Analysis of the size-segregated sulfate aerosol in the model shows that a significant increase in sulfate mass occurs for particles with a diameter smaller than 200 nm due to the formation and growth of biogenic aerosol at high latitudes (>70∘ N). The enhancement in sulfate particles is most significant in the size range from 50 to 100 nm; however, this enhancement is stronger in the 200–1000 nm size range at lower latitudes (<70∘ N). These results emphasize the important role of DMS(g) in the formation and growth of fine and ultrafine sulfate-containing particles in the Arctic during the summertime.