bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suporte para Transmissão de Mídia entre Servidor e Clientes Cooperativos
Authors: Shimoda Marcio Akio , Trevelin Luis Carlos
Published: April 2022

In this research we address the problem of the distribution of multimedia content for a large number of computers. Specifically, we consider the problem of the overload of the server, that occurs due to the fast increase of the volume of solicitations to receive content. We present as solution a communication model to complement the traditional client-server. It is based on the cooperative networks, in which the customers cooperares to distribute the media, where they act as a kind of temporary server, until the server come back to the normal one.
Implementação de uma Linguagem de Especificação de Aplicações Paralelas Baseada em XML para o Sistema JoiN
Authors: Enomoto Cristina , Henriques Marco Aurélio Amaral
Published: April 2022

Vários sistemas de grid e de computação distribuída existentes permitem a execução de aplicações com um fluxo básico, em que é feita a distribuição das tarefas para que sejam executadas em paralelo e depois a coleta dos resultados. Outros sistemas permitem definir uma relação de dependência de execução entre as tarefas, formando um grafo direcionado acíclico. Porém, mesmo com esse modelo, não é possível executar vários tipos de aplicações paralelas, como, por exemplo, algoritmos genéticos e de cálculo numérico que utilizam algum processamento iterativo. E é neste caso que se enquadra o sistema JoiN de processamento paralelo. Neste artigo é apresentada a implementação no sistema JoiN de uma nova linguagem de especificação de fluxo de execução de aplicações paralelas que permite um controle de fluxo mais flexível, viabilizando desvios condicionais e laços com iterações controladas. Os resultados mostram que, com a implementação desta nova linguagem, foi possível criar, com baixo custo, aplicações que antes eram consideradas impossíveis ou inadequadas para execução neste sistema.
Extensões na LAM/MPI para Automatizar o Checkpoint e Tolerar Falhas em Cluster de Computadores
Authors: Martins Jr. Antonio da Silva , Gonçalves Ronaldo A. L.
Published: April 2022

Os clusters de computadores estão se tornando cada vez mais comuns, em função do barateamento dos equipamentos e do potencial de processamento que eles podem dispor para a execução de aplicações complexas. Com isso, o desenvolvimento de técnicas de tolerância a falhas torna-se fundamental para garantir alto desempenho com confiabilidade. Em clusters com LAM/MPI (Local Area MultiComputer MPl), mecanismos de checkpoint disponíveis permitem a recuperação do estado seguro da aplicação após a ocorrência de falhas no sistema, mas são dependentes de intervenções do usuário. O presente trabalho propõe a automatização tanto do checkpoint quanto da recuperação durante a ocorrência de falhas em um dos nós, provendo confiabilidade com praticidade ao sistema. As alterações necessárias no código da LAM/MPI são aqui apresentadas. Os resultados experimentais mostram que a perda de tempo causada pela ocorrência de falhas pode ser reduzida significativamente e de forma transparente para o usuário. Nos testes realizados com aplicação de cálculo matricial, a automatização pode prover uma redução de 55% no tempo total de execução da aplicação, quando um nó do cluster falha, após a execução de 90% do tempo de execução normal sem falhas.
Mapeamento de Programas I3 para Aplicações Anthill Paralelas de Fluxos de Dados baseadas em Filtros
Authors: Góes Luís F. W. , Giovani Ítalo , Ferreira Renato , Meira Jr. Wagner
Published: April 2022

Aplicações atuais de mineração de dados, simulação e visualização científica oferecem várias oportunidades de paralelismo por serem iterativas, irregulares e intensivas em termos de EIS (programas l3). O mapeamento e escalonamento de programas l3 para aplicações paralelas de fluxos de dados baseadas em filtros é bastante complexo, pois eles devem considerar aspectos de localidade, dependência de dados e tarefas. A platafoma Anthill provê um modelo de programação adequado para implementação e execução de aplicações paralelas baseadas em filtros. Portanto, neste trabalho, nossos objetivos principais são: a proposta e implementação do algoritmo AnthillPart para o mapeamento de um grafo de tarefas de um programa l3 em filtros; a análise do desempenho das aplicações mapeadas pelo AnthillPart e escalonadas pelo AnthillSched.
RCS-2: Projeto de uma Chave Crossbar Reconfigurável
Authors: Freitas Henrique C. , Carvalho Milene B. , Martins Carlos A. P. S.
Published: April 2022

Os equipamentos de redes apresentaram nos últimos anos avanços consideráveis em sua arquitetura de processamento e chaveamento de pacotes de dados resultando no surgimento de unidades de chaveamento dedicadas para trabalhar com o aumento de qualidade e demanda de serviço. Entre elas podemos citar a chave crossbar. No entanto, soluções reconfiguráveis para este tipo de unidade de chaveamento estão surgindo na literatura com o foco apenas no FPGA. Este artigo apresenta uma arquitetura de chave crossbar com dois níveis de reconfiguração, para o aumento da flexibilidade e desempenho. Os resultados apresentados neste artigo são referentes às simulações dos modelos em Redes de Petri e da síntese em FPGA da chave crossbar reconfigurável em relação ao modelo original de uma chave crossbar tradicional.
Um sistema distribuído para busca de caminhos em grafos dinâmicos
Authors: Vinagreiro Marcelo , Goldman Alfredo
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho descreve um novo modelo para cálculo concorrente de caminhos em grafos dinâmicos os quais podem estar particionados em um conjunto de servidores interconectados. Aspectos dinâmicos em cálculos de caminhos têm sido bem explorados em trabalhos anteriores, neste trabalho, consideramos também aspectos de distribuição. O arcabouço proposto pode ser usado com algoritmos de cálculo de caminhos dinâmicos ou estáticos. O modelo pode ser usado em sistemas simulando o estado de uma rede ou o monitormento das condições de trânsito de uma cidade. O artigo também apresenta alguns detalhes de implementação bem como resultados de testes.
Paralelização de métodos computacionais aplicados à análise das variações do teor de umidade de solos saturados e não saturados
Authors: Padoin Edson Luis , Dill Sergio Luis , Borges Roberto Schaedler , Borges Pedro Augusto Pereira
Published: April 2022

O estudo do comportamento da água no solo é de grande interesse para as pesquisas em sistemas agroflorestais e agrícolas, já que o movimento dos nutrientes depende do movimento da água no solo. Nos projetos de irrigação, principalmente por gotejamento, a descrição de como a água se desloca é fundamental para saber a quantidade de água disponível para as plantas em cada profundidade do solo. A equação de Richards relaciona o teor de umidade do solo com o potencial total (soma dos potenciais matriciais, gravitacional, pressão e osmótico). Neste trabalho esta equação foi resolvida numericamente em duas dimensões, em coordenadas cilíndricas. Foi simulada a irrigação na fronteira superior, considerando um fluxo de entrada de água durante um tempo inicial e suspensão da irrigação nos instantes posteriores. Utilizou-se o método das diferenças finitas com diferenças centrais, com esquema explícito, devido à característica difusiva do fenômeno. Como a equação de Richards envolve o potencial total, o teor de umidade foi calculado com base na curva característica do solo, determinada experimentalmente. Foram realizados experimentos de irrigação de volumes cilíndricos de solo, nos quais foram feitas medidas do teor de umidade. Os resultados obtidos com a resolução seqüencial do problema descrevem a tendência do deslocamento da água do solo indicada pelos dados experimentais. Para obtenção de tais resultados demandaram-se grandes tempos de processamento mesmo utilizando-se matrizes de pequena ordem. Nesse sentido, tais implementações foram paralelizadas e executadas num aglomerado de computadores, onde se conseguiu aumentar a ordem do sistema e melhorar a precisão dos resultados.
DASE – Distributed data Agent Service Environment
Authors: Carvalho Fábio Silva , Guardia Hélio Crestana , Lubacheski Fabio Aparecido Gamarra , Sato Líria Matsumoto
Published: April 2022

Sistemas multi-agentes devem oferecer recursos suficientes para que seus agentes possam interagir de maneira satisfatória e atingir seus objetivos. Um exemplo de recurso é um conjunto de dados armazenados em algum tipo de mecanismo de persistência, como um sistema gerenciador de banco de dados. O acesso a dados deve ser possível mesmo que eles estejam distribuídos, fato inclusive que também caracteriza os sistemas multi-agentes. Assim, este trabalho apresenta um sistema cujo objetivo é prover a agentes o acesso a dados distribuídos de forma seja, independentemente da complexidade que o ambiente dos agentes possui e das peculiaridades do Sistema de Banco de Dados Distribuído.
Projeto Mercúrio - Interface de comunicação de Alta Velocidade
Authors: Barboza Alexandre Ignacio , Kofuji Sérgio Takeo
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho apresenta o projeto e implementação de uma interface de comunicação de alta velocidade, destinadas para o uso em redes de alta velocidade do tipo SAN (System Arca Network). Discutimos os aspectos de implementação como o processamento de pacotes e o controle de fluxo executados pela interface.
Avaliando Sistemas Operacionais para Máquinas de Alto Desempenho
Authors: Kassalias Nicolas , Midorikawa Edson T.
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho destaca a importância dos sistemas operacionais em ambientes computacionais de alto desempenho e apresenta um estudo comparativo do desempenho de dois sistemas distintos. São comparados dois sistemas operacionais muito difundidos no mercado atual de servidores, o Windows e o Linux com a utilização de benchmarks. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o Linux mantém seu desempenho por uma maior banda de memória e pode criar e remover arquivos com mais eficiência do que o Windows.
ReMMoS - Um Modelo de Replicação em Ambientes que Suportam Mobilidade de Objetos
Authors: Ferrari Débora Nice , Vargas Patrícia Kayser , Geyer Cláudio Fernando Resin
Published: April 2022

Mobility and replication are frequently used in distributed systems composed by heterogeneous network, distant and connected by different hosts of communications. However there are few systems that deal with both techniques mainly in distributed object environments. This paper presents the ReMMoS - Replication Model in Mobility Systems. The replication in distributed systems can be used to offer security and reliability and also to increase execution performance in applications. This paper presents a replication model in distributed object systems with mobility aiming to get better performance. The mobility is explicit and the replication is implicit. So, programmers do not need to worry about management and consistency of the replicated copies. The model's implementation is in progress and is briefly presented.
Um Modelo Multiparadigma para Desenvolvimento de Software Paralelo e Distribuído
Authors: Barbosa Jorge Luis Victória , Geyer Cláudio Fernando Resin
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the Holoparadigm, a new paradigm to parallel and distributed software development. Holoparadigm stimulates the subliminal modeling of the parallelism and its automatic exploitation (implicit parallelism). The proposal is based on multiparadigm and software architecture researches. First of all, the text describes the paradigm's genesis and its semantic (Holosemantic). After that, the distribution and mobility in the work's scope, the architecture style proposed and the principies of a language (Hololanguage) based on the paradigm are discussed. Finally, a plataform of development and execution are described.
Sincronização em uma Aplicação Distribuída para a Educação à Distância Utilizando Recursos do Middleware ProActive
Authors: Gomes Berto de Tácio P. , Cortes Omar A. Carmona
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar recursos de um middleware open source, que foram utilizados no desenvolvimento de um Chat que possui mecanismos de sincronização análogos aos algoritmos de exclusão mútua em sistemas distribuídos. Foram utilizados em especial os algoritmos centralizado, distribuído e token-ring. A aplicação, batizada com o nome de SynchroTalk, foi desenvolvida em linguagem Java e o middleware é denominado ProActive.
Integração do Cluster Enterprise ao Grid Sinergia
Authors: Cunha Renato Luiz de Freitas , Souza Alberto Ferreira De
Published: April 2022

Neste trabalho apresentaremos a experiência e os métodos utilizados para a integração do cluster de 64 processadores do Departamento de Informática da UFES ao grid Sinergia, que hoje disponibiliza os recursos computacionais do cluster Enterprise e agrega os recursos disponíveis nas instituições que o compõem.
Randzonen der Erfahrung
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: April 2022

Leib, Raum, Zeit und Intersubjektivität gehören zu den zentralen Themen der Phänomenologie sowie der phänomenologischen Psychopathologie und werden im vorliegenden Band umfangreich dargestellt. Nach einer einleitenden Übersicht widmen sich vier Kapitel diesen Themen, sowohl in allgemeiner phänomenologischer Hinsicht als auch unter Berücksichtigung der Psychopathologie der Depression, der Schizophrenie, der Borderline-Störung, der Demenz und des Autismus. Ein abschließender Teil gilt psychotherapeutischen und existenziellen Aspekten.
Spuren – Martin Heideggers Denkweg der späteren Jahre
Authors: Möbuß Susanne
Published: April 2022

Martin Heideggers Denken nach 1938 ist vor allem durch drei große Themen geprägt: den Wandel des Menschenbildes, die Einführung eines neuen Begriffes vom Denken und den Nachweis, dass Sein ›Seyn in Beziehung‹ ist. Dabei stützt er sich auf das Denken Franz Rosenzweigs, das bereits in der Formulierung von »Sein und Zeit« erkennbar ist, in den Schriften der 40er und 50er Jahre aber in besonders intensiver Weise nachwirkt.
Die Selbstgestaltung der Lebewesen in Erfahrungsakten
Authors: Falkner Gernot G. , Falkner Renate A.
Published: April 2022

Die zentrale Rolle des Gedächtnisses in der Entwicklung von Lebewesen wurde von Biologen wie Ernst Haeckel, Ewald Hering und Jakob von Uexküll erkannt, wobei zwischen einem Artgedächtnis und einem individuellen Gedächtnis unterschieden wird. Ersteres ist für die Aufrechterhaltung und Weiterentwicklung einer artspezifischen Erscheinungsform verantwortlich, letzteres gestaltet die Erinnerung an individuelle Erfahrungen. Im vorliegenden Band werden die Vorstellungen dieser Biologen mit Ideen der Philosophen G.W.F. Hegel, Alfred N. Whitehead, John Dewey, Ernst Cassirer, Henri Bergson und Reto L. Fetz in einer kohärenten Theorie der Organismen, die auch den Menschen und seine Geschichte umfasst, aufeinander abgestimmt.
Friedrich Hölderlin
Authors: Doering Sabine
Published: April 2022

Ein frischer, unbefangener Blick auf Kindheit, Jugend und Ausbildung eines der größten deutschen Dichter.

Friedrich Hölderlin (1770-1843) wuchs in privilegierten Verhältnissen auf. Sabine Doering deckt anschaulich die Einflüsse auf, die den begabten Heranwachsenden während der Schul- und Studienzeit in Württemberg prägten: Eine Zeit, die ihn auf das Pfarramt vorbereiten sollte, während es ihn zur Dichtung drängte. In kultur-, mentalitäts- und bildungsgeschichtlicher Perspektive werden zahlreiche Briefe und Dokumente zum Sprechen gebracht.

Die Schilderung eines faszinierenden Bildungs- und Reifungsprozesses führt zugleich in eine der interessantesten Epochen der deutschen Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte: Zu Hölderlins Freunden gehörten Hegel und Schelling; Kants Schriften begeisterten ihn; Schiller und andere Dichter verehrte er als Vorbild. Kenntnisreich widerlegt Sabine Doering hartnäckige Legenden, die sich seit langem um Hölderlins Leben ranken, wie seine angebliche Armut oder die Verklärung seiner Liebesverhältnisse. So entsteht das facettenreiche Porträt eines empfindsamen und ehrgeizigen jungen Mannes, der beharrlich seine Berufung zum Dichter verfolgte.
Nehmen, Teilen, Weiden
Authors: Manow Philip
Published: April 2022

Der moderne Staat, der Leviathan, wurde laut Carl Schmitt »erlegt und ausgeweidet«. »Alle untereinander sonst so feindlichen indirekten Gewalten waren sich plötzlich einig und verbündeten sich zum ›Fang des großen Wals‹«, sie »zerschnitten« ihn und verteilten »sein Fleisch unter sich«. Doch wie kam es zum Tod des großen Fisches im Zuge einer planetarischen Raumrevolution, mit deren Folgen wir bis heute zu ringen haben?

Carl Schmitt gilt vielen als völlig unsystematischer und deswegen höchst widersprüchlicher Denker, als Occasionalist, der rein anlassbezogen von Polemik zu Polemik springt. Das Buch rekonstruiert hingegen eine ganz folgerichtige und kohärente Denkbewegung Schmitts, beginnend mit seiner Auseinandersetzung mit dem positivierten Recht (teilen), dann mit seiner Analyse der demokratisierten Politik (nehmen) und schließlich seiner Beschäftigung mit der internationalisierten Wirtschaft (weiden). Diese in sich ganz schlüssige Bewegung von den frühen rechtstheoretischen und -philosophischen Schriften der 1910er Jahre, über die Beiträge zu einer Theorie der Politik bzw. des Politischen in den 1920er Jahren, bis hin zum in den späten 1930er bis 1950er Jahren verfassten Spätwerk, das sich hauptsächlich Fragen der internationalen Wirtschaft und des internationalen Rechts widmet, wird in drei längeren Kapiteln nachgezeichnet. Recht, Politik und Wirtschaft – teilen, nehmen, weiden – verweisen dabei immer zurück auf die Grundtatsache der Moderne: auf die Säkularisation, also auf die ›gottunfähig‹ gewordene Gegenwartsgesellschaft, auf glauben.

Philip Manow bietet in seinem neuen Buch eine Gesamtdeutung des Verhältnisses von Recht, Politik und Wirtschaft bei Carl Schmitt, einer der umstrittensten Figuren der politischen Geistesgeschichte.
Meme como estratégia corporativa: o Twitter da Netflix Brasil
Authors: De Almeida Moura Flávia , Guimarães Lindoso Vitor Hugo
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem como intuito compreender a utilização de memes como estratégia corporativa no ambiente on-line. Levando em conta a utilização destes na rede social Twitter. Destacando o perfil da Netflix Brasil na plataforma. Buscamos compreender como os memes se incorporam nas estratégias corporativas e como estas fidelizam e atuam no engajamento on-line. Compreender como as interações são dadas nesse ambiente e até onde os memes são responsáveis por tais. Compreender pelo viés da comunicação como a informação é transmitida. Entender como laços e interações são construídos. E após os resultados obtidos, afirmamos que a empresa Netflix Brasil utiliza os memes no Twitter como uma de suas principais estratégias corporativas, usando de sua alta capacidade de engajamento.
Motives for the introduction of agricultural innovations in Serbia with particular accent on beekeepers: The application of logistic regression
Authors: Madžar Lidija
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper is to explore the motives of Serbian farmers for introducing innovations from the aspect of Rogers' main attributes of innovations. The outcomes of the applied method of binary logistic regression show that these agricultural producers are not so much driven by personal motives in introducing innovations, especially not by their observability and compatibility with farmers' adopted values. The findings also point out that there are impulses and desires of Serbian farmers for introducing innovations, but that the still unfavourable and uncertain market environment hinders them. Since there is no economic progress without innovations and technological progress, the state should provide them with a favourable environment by actively investing in appropriate legal, financial, rural, corporate, educational, and research infrastructure. In addition, it is necessary for farmers to adopt the principles of market orientation and entrepreneurial activities that would help them to increase their productivity, innovations and competitiveness.
Serbian Wine producers' performance evaluation: A netnographic baseline study of wine industry in Serbia
Authors: Valčić Uroš , Zarić Vlade
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the wine production performance in the Republic of Serbia. The research adopts quantitative and qualitative methods, using a relatively novel method, netnography, which involves the observation and analysis of specific social groups or occurrences in the digital world using search engines as the primary source of data gathering. Key factors identified in the study are land, labor, capital and factors supply and demand. Goal of this research is, through the analysis of before mentioned factors, to evaluate wine production of Serbian wine producers. The paper also examines current conditions and possibilities of grape growing and wine making in the Republic of Serbia.
Hypervitaminosis B12
Authors: Koprivica Marko , Bjelanović Jelena
Published: April 2022

Increased concentrations of vitamin B12 are the result of excessive intake of this vitamin, increased release of vitamins from hepatic depots, or elevated concentrations of transcobalamin resulting from the increased production or reduced decomposition of this molecule. The most common diseases that lead to B12 hypervitaminosis are malignancies and solid tumours. As a result of elevated concentrations, acnes emerge or exacerbate the already existing acneiform changes. Rosacea fulminant, allergic, and other anaphylactic reactions may also develop. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of increased concentrations of vitamin B12 onto human health. In a study conducted by Deneuvil and associates, the elevated B12 vitamin levels were observed in 12% of respondents. In the study by Carmel and associates, 14% of the respondents had high cobalanemia. The results of other studies show that the prevalence of high cobalanemia is 13%, while very high cobalanemia is registered in 7% of cases. In the multicentric BDOSE study, the incidence of high serum cobalamin was 18%. The increased concentrations of cobalamin are most commonly caused by a disease, while disorders due to inadequate intake and overdose are much less common. As a result of B12 hypervitaminosis, acnes emerge or exacerbation of the pre-existing acneiform changes may occur. In addition to acne, other dermatological diseases (Rosacea fulminant, dermatitis) may develop as a result of hypervitaminosis, followed by allergic and anaphylactic reactions.
Pharmacology, from Rudolf Buchheim to Arnold Holste: The founding of the Institute of Pharmacology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade
Authors: Todorović Zoran , Vučković Sonja , Divac Nevena
Published: April 2022

The School of Medicine at the University of Belgrade celebrates its centennial anniversary. The Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, founded in 1924, played an important role in the School's life and development. It is not just about the scientific achievements, but above all, the exceptional personalities of our predecessors. If they spent their academic careers somewhere else, they would certainly have been among the most respected researchers in the world. The courage to stay in the turbulent Balkans and maintain successful communication with colleagues from abroad deserves respect and admiration. One German and one Serb, professors Arnold Holste and Radivoje Pavlović, the latter with severely impaired sight, did an extraordinary job. They established a distinct pharmacological school, equipped research labs and provided their students with generous support despite the adverse circumstances (two world wars and persistent economic crisis, above all). Their younger associates, future professors Dimitrijević and Bogdanović, followed in the footsteps of their predecessors. Their example and sacrifice oblige us to keep pace with the extremely rapid development of pharmacology in the world.
American golden plover (Pluvialis dominica statius Muller, 1776): New species in the ornithofauna of Serbia
Authors: Mareš Miroslav , Rajković Draženko
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the finding of a new bird species in the fauna of Serbia - American golden plover Pluvialis dominica that was recorded at the Ečka fishpond near Zrenjanin city (UTM 34T DR51). Furthermore, a provided morphological description of the observed individual is accompanied by a brief comparative diagnostic analysis of the identification of species from the genus Pluvialis.
Prevention of atherosclerosis with reference to obesity and inadequate nutrition as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Peličić Damir
Published: April 2022

This paper will present information from relevant data sources regarding the prevention of atherosclerosis, focusing on obesity and inadequate nutrition as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The World Health Organization estimates that 17.9 million people die from CVDs each year, equaling a third of the world's death toll. CVDs are not only the leading cause of death but also of illness and disability, which indicates their great public health importance. Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an early stage of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis also occurs in children under the age of 10, while the risk of atherosclerosis increases with age. There are over 300 factors associated with atherosclerosis and key complications, coronary heart disease, and stroke. The most important of these are obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, smoking, inadequate diet, abnormal lipid values, heredity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and psychosocial factors. Reducing or eliminating all of these risk factors can help reduce the risk of CVDs. Further research in this area is needed to better define the independent risk factors for atherosclerosis and consequent CVD.
Eficacia del entrenamiento espacial en primaria y secundaria: todos aprenden
Authors: Rodán Antonio , Montoro Pedro R. , Martínez-Molina Agustín , Contreras María José
Published: April 2022

El procesamiento visoespacial es clave para lograr, entre otros, un rendimiento óptimo en actividades académicas. En el ámbito de la cognición espacial se ha encontrado que la práctica con tareas espaciales puede reducir la brecha de género en este tipo de razonamiento. Sin embargo, no siempre un aumento de las puntuaciones espaciales llega a compensar las diferencias que existen entre participantes con mayores y menores habilidades espaciales. De acuerdo con estudios previos sobre diferencias individuales y maleabilidad en cognición espacial, se necesitan estudios comparables en niños, niñas y adolescentes utilizando el mismo método de evaluación y entrenamiento. En este trabajo se analiza, en 39 estudiantes de Educación Primaria (estudio 1: 17 niños y 22 niñas) y en 21 de Educación Secundaria (estudio 2: 11 chicos y 10 chicas), el perfil de evolución a través de las diferentes sesiones de un entrenamiento en rotación mental (RM), así como el grado de mejora producido en función de su capacidad espacial de partida, analizando el factor género. En ambos grupos, se aplicó un entrenamiento espacial (Programa de Entrenamiento en Rotación Mental) durante tres sesiones consecutivas con una duración promedio de 35 minutos por sesión. Para ambos grupos de edad, los participantes con bajo nivel espacial se beneficiaron en una proporción similar que aquellos participantes con más recursos espaciales. Este resultado se replicó para ambos sexos. Esta investigación servirá como punto de partida para promover e implementar entrenamientos adaptativos y personalizados, y así poder ayudar a los que menos capacidades espaciales tienen. Este tipo de intervenciones ganarían en eficacia y podrían maximizar el potencial educativo en los grupos más desfavorecidos.
Recursos digitales y enfoques de enseñanza en la formación inicial del profesorado de Historia
Authors: Gómez Carrasco Cosme J. , Rodríguez-Medina Jairo , Chaparro Sainz Álvaro , Alonso García Santiago
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo se aborda teniendo en cuenta los estudios que demuestran la vinculación que realizan los docentes en formación con la función lúdica o motivacional concedida a las TIC y a los recursos digitales, así como a partir de las investigaciones que exponen la asociación existente entre el enfoque de enseñanza centrado en el docente (ITTF) con un aprendizaje superficial y el enfoque centrado en el alumnado (CCSF) con un aprendizaje profundo.
Sobre este enunciado, se plantea como objetivo general analizar los enfoques de enseñanza del futuro profesorado de historia en España y su relación con sus opiniones sobre el uso de recursos digitales en un aula. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo no experimental, con una escala Likert, en el que participaron 646 estudiantes del Máster de Formación del Profesorado de la especialidad de Geografía e Historia de 22 universidades nacionales diferentes, es decir, el 70% de los centros de Educación Superior que ofertan dicha titulación en España.
Como conclusión general, el análisis estadístico realizado con los datos correspondientes a los enfoques del futuro profesorado de historia en España y su relación con sus opiniones sobre el uso de recursos digitales en un aula permite inferir que la validación y la fiabilidad de la herramienta aplicada es muy positiva; que existe una débil vinculación de los recursos digitales con los procesos educativos y; por último, que se destaca una relación significativa entre la aplicación de un enfoque de enseñanza concreto y una visión particular acerca del uso de los recursos tecnológicos.
nominación parlamentaria de autoridades del Estado. El bloqueo, el veto y la «cesta institucional»
Authors: Baamonde Gómez Laura
Published: April 2022

La función parlamentaria de designación de autoridades del Estado (magistrados constitucionales, vocales del Consejo General del Poder Judicial, consejeros del Tribunal de Cuentas o el Defensor del Pueblo), más allá de su concreta categorización, tiene como razón de ser el dotar de legitimidad democrática de origen a los órganos afectados. La atribución a las Cámaras parlamentarias de una tarea de tal responsabilidad se ha acompañado de cautelas tendentes a garantizar el consenso en la elección y la neutralización partidista de los candidatos nominados, a través de la previsión de mayorías reforzadas y el establecimiento de requisitos de competencia técnica para el acceso al cargo. Sin embargo, a pesar de las buenas intenciones del diseño orgánico-institucional, la aplicación práctica de las normas que disciplinan la elección parlamentaria por parte de las principales fuerzas políticas, decididas a «controlar» en lo posible la composición resultante, ha devenido en una serie de fenómenos perversos dignos de ser analizados en perspectiva crítica: el reparto de cuotas, los prolongados retrasos por las actitudes de bloqueo, la formulación de vetos o la acumulación de renovaciones diversas en una «cesta institucional» abusando de la prorogatio. Frente a esta deriva, se presenta una línea de solución del problema a través, principalmente, de la modificación de los aspectos temporales del mandato. Apostando por los mandatos temporales prolongados (alejados de la lógica de las legislaturas), dándoles prioridad frente a los mandatos institucionales en caso de antinomia, y, en definitiva, avanzando en modelos de renovación parcial y escalonada, que eviten la acumulación de puestos a cubrir, obligando al consenso genuino ante la imposibilidad de aplicar la lógica del reparto. Un fraccionamiento de las renovaciones que permitiría plantease la derogación de la prórroga de funciones, al desaparecer el riesgo de paralización total de la actividad del órgano, y desincentivando con ello las conductas estratégicas en el manejo de los tiempos para la manipulación consciente del equilibrio de mayorías. Todo ello bajo una premisa: el rechazo frontal a que la lógica de la confrontación política y el incumplimiento de los mandatos constitucionales de provisión de vacantes se imponga en futuras reformas del diseño orgánico-institucional aplicable a algunas de las más altas autoridades del Estado.
Adjunction, Labeling, and Bare Phrase Structure
Authors: Hornstein Norbert , Nunes Jairo
Published: April 2022

The primary aim in this paper is to propose a phrase structure for adjunction that is compatible with the precepts of Bare Phrase Structure (BPS). Current accounts are at odds with the central vision of BPS and current practice leans more to descriptive eclecticism than to theoretical insight. A diagnosis for this conceptual disarray is suggested here: It stems from a deeply held though seldom formulated intuition; the tacit view that adjuncts are the abnormal case while arguments describe the grammatical norm. In actuality, it is argued, adjuncts are so well behaved that they require virtually no grammatical support to function properly. Arguments, in contrast, are refractory and require grammatical aid to allow them to make any propositional contribution. This last remark should come as no surprise to those with neo-Davidsonian semantic sympathies. Connoisseurs of this art form are well versed in the important role that grammatical (aka, thematic) roles play in turning arguments into

modifiers of events. Such fulcra are not required for meaningfully integrating adjuncts.

into sentences. In what follows, we take this difference to be of the greatest significance

and we ask ourselves what this might imply for the phrase structure of adjunction.
Human Uniqueness, Cognition by Description, and Procedural Memory
Authors: Bolender John , Erdeniz Burak , Kerimo?lu Cemil
Published: April 2022

Evidence will be reviewed suggesting a fairly direct link between the human ability to think about entities which one has never perceived — here called “cognition by description” — and procedural memory. Cognition by description is a uniquely hominid trait which makes religion, science, and history possible. It is hypothesized that cognition by description (in the manner of Bertrand Russell’s “knowledge by description”) requires variable binding, which in turn utilizes quantifier raising. Quantifier raising plausibly depends upon the computational core of language, specifically the element of it which Noam Chomsky calls “internal Merge”. Internal Merge produces hierarchical structures by means of a memory of derivational steps, a process plausibly involving procedural memory. The hypothesis is testable, predicting that procedural memory deficits will be accompanied by impairments in cognition by description. We also discuss neural mechanisms plausibly underlying procedural memory and also, by our hypothesis, cognition by description.
Optimal Growth in Phrase Structure
Authors: Medeiros David P.
Published: April 2022

This article claims that some familiar properties of phrase structure reflect laws of form. It is shown that optimal sequencing of recursive Merge operations so as to dynamically minimize c-command and containment relations in unlabeled branching forms leads to structural correlates of projection. Thus, a tendency for syntactic structures to pattern according to the X-bar schema (or other shapes exhibiting endocentricity and maximality of ‘non-head daughters’) is plausibly an emergent epiphenomenon of efficient computation. The specifier-head-complement configuration of X-bar theory is shown to be intimately connected to the Fibonacci sequence, suggesting connections with similar mathematical properties in optimal arboration and optimal packing elsewhere in nature.
On the Nature of Syntax
Authors: Soschen Alona
Published: April 2022

There is a tendency in science to proceed from descriptive methods towards an adequate explanatory theory and then move beyond its conclusions. Our purpose is to discover the concepts of computational efficiency in natural language that exclude redundancy, and to investigate how these relate to more general principles. By developing the idea that linguistic structures possess the features of other biological systems this article focuses on the third factor that enters into the growth of language in the individual. It is suggested that the core principles of grammar can be observed in nature itself. The Faculty of Language is an efficient mechanism designed for the continuation of movement in compliance with optimization requirements. To illustrate that, a functional explanation of syntactic Merge is offered in this work, and an attempt is made to identify some criteria that single out this particular computational system as species-specific.
Ceaseless, Unpredictable Creativity: Language as Technology
Authors: Koster Jan
Published: April 2022

Notions like ‘biolinguistics’ have a trivial and a non-trivial interpretation. According to the trivial version, a cultural phenomenon like language is only based on our innate biological capacities. Language, in this view, is not a matter of biology per se but of applied biology, i.e. a form of technology. Under this interpretation, ‘biolinguistics’ is uncontroversial and trivial because all our cultural activities are grounded in our biology. According to the non-trivial interpretation, the concept of language can be sufficiently narrowly construed so that we can define a core capacity that is comparable to a biological organ (like the heart or the liver). Recently, it has become common to see this ‘faculty of language in the narrow sense’ (FLN) as some abstract form of syntax characterized by recursive Merge. According to this article, only the trivial interpretation of ‘biolinguistics’ is correct. It does not make sense to define language in such a way that it excludes words. Words are human inventions and the necessary tools to give linguistic functionality to whatever biological capacities for recursive syntax we may have. Ultimately, this means that only ‘lexicalist’ versions of generative grammar can be correct. The agentive function assignment involved in the invention of words distinguishes language from bodily organs, which do not derive their functionality from human agency. More generally, cultural transparency of biological structures is rejected as an ideological form of Panglossian determinism and a denial of the “ceaseless creativity” and freedom coming with human agency.
Sex and Syntax: Subjacency Revisited
Authors: Progovac Ljiljana
Published: April 2022

Despite the sustained effort of about forty years to analyze Subjacency, to date, there has been no principled account, with the most recent attempts faring not much better than the initial proposals. It is also significant that the seeming arbitrariness of Subjacency has been used to argue that syntax could not have evolved gradually: One does not see why evolution would target a grammar with Subjacency, when its contribution to grammar is not transparent, let alone its contribution to survival. As put in Lightfoot (1991), “Subjacency has many virtues, but … it could not have increased the chances of having fruitful sex”. This article turns the argument around, and proposes that subjecting syntax to a gradualist evolutionary approach can in fact shed light on the existence of Subjacency effects. It thereby offers a reconstruction of how communicative benefits may have been involved in shaping the formal design of language.
Two Case Studies in Phonological Universals: A View from Artificial Grammars
Authors: Nevins Andrew
Published: April 2022

This article summarizes the results of two experiments that use artificial grammar learning in order to test proposed phonological universals. The first universal involves limits on precedence-modification in phonological representations, drawn from a typology of ludlings (language games). It is found that certain unattested precedence-modifying operations in ludlings are also dispreferred in learning in experimental studies, suggesting that the typological gap reflects a principled and universal aspect of language structure. The second universal involves differences between vowels and consonants, and in particular, the fact that phonological typology finds vowel repetition and harmony to be widespread, while consonants are more likely to dissimilate. An artificial grammar task replicates this bias in the laboratory, suggesting that its presence in natural languages is not due to historical accident but to cognitive constraints on the form of linguistic grammars.
Space and the Vision–Language Interface: A Model-Theoretic Approach
Authors: Ursini Francesco-Alessio
Published: April 2022

The relation between spatial vision and spatial language has always been a source of controversy. Three problems can be identified as in need of a solution. A first problem pertains to the nature of the minimal information units that make up spatial vision and language. A second problem pertains to the ‘dynamic’ aspects of vision and language, or what visual information to and similar adpositions correspond to. A third problem pertains to how these different types of information are related one another, and what is the status of this ‘interface’, especially within a broader theory of language and cognition. The solution proposed here consists in a formal (model-theoretic) treatment of visual and linguistic information, both static and dynamic, that is couched within (a simplified form of) Discourse Representation Theory. It is shown that this solution is consistent with general theories of cognition and may shed some (novel) light on the nature of the FLN/FLB distinction.
Solving the UG Problem
Authors: Bouchard Denis
Published: April 2022

Many generalizations are impossible to learn via primary linguistic data, so they are assumed to be part of our genetic endowment. Generativists have tried to reduce Universal Grammar (UG) to a minimum, in particular by appealing to computational efficiency. In principle, this is an important improvement. The bottom line, however, is how well this computational approach explains the data. Unfortunately, it does not. Thus current analyses of subject–AUX inversion still appeal implicitly to several UG constraints in addition to structure dependence. Moreover, this fails empirically even in the wildest cases, such as forming questions by reversing the word order of a declarative. Fortunately, there is a way out of this impasse. Learners realize that different orders of constituents correlate with different meanings. Generating Tense in Comp compositionally derives a polar interrogative interpretation. The logically prior properties of the perceptual and conceptual systems impose constraints that are sufficient to explain language acquisition.
Digitized Fossil Brains: Neocorticalization
Authors: Jerison Harry J.
Published: April 2022

This report is based on 3D digital scans of endocasts of 110 species of fossil mammals and 35 species of living mammals. It presents direct evidence of the last 60 million years of brain evolution. Endocasts are casts of the cranial cavity. They are brainlike in size and shape, and their surface features can be named as if they were brain structures. Although endocast data are restricted to outer surfaces of brains, a few inferences about inner structure are possible. Neocortex in the forebrain, for example, is identifiable and measurable as cerebral forebrain on the endocast dorsal to the rhinal fissure. An important result in this report is that surface area of neocortex as identified on endocasts appears to have reached a maximum of about 80% of the total endocast surface area in anthropoid primates including humans. This may be a fundamental limitation in brain size. The average neocorticalization percentage for mammals as a whole rose from about 20% to about 50% of the surface area during the 60 million years covered by this analysis. Neocorticalization is associated with the evolution of higher mental processes, including the evolution of language as a hominin specialization. The limitation of the increase in relative amount of neocortex is similar in all anthropoids. Neocortex is greater in absolute area in living humans because the total size of the hominin brain is so much larger than in other primates.
The Human-Fostered Gorilla Koko Shows Breath Control in Play with Wind Instruments
Authors: Perlman Marcus , Patterson Francine G. , Cohn Ronald H.
Published: April 2022

Breath control is critical to the production of spoken language and commonly postulated as a unique human adaptation specifically for this function. In contrast, non-human primates are often assumed to lack volitional control over their vocalizations, and implicitly, their breath. This paper takes an embodied perspective on the development of breath control in a human-fostered gorilla, examining her sound play with musical wind instruments. The subject Koko was video recorded in her play with plastic recorders, harmonicas and whistles. The results show that Koko exercises volitional control over her breath during instrument play. More generally, the findings suggest that all great apes share the potential to develop breath control, and that the original adaptive value of breath control was its flexible development for the service of behaviors that happened to be useful within particular sociocultural and physical environments.
The Link between Action and Language: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives
Authors: Repetto Claudia , Colombo Barbara , Riva Giuseppe
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to present a critical review of studies focused on embodied cognition and, more specifically, on the relationship between language and action. A critical analysis of studies using methods such as TMS and fMRI will be presented, and results reported by the different studies will be discussed, both theoretically and methodologically. Then, in response to some inconsistency detected by the analysis of literature, Virtual Reality will be presented as a possible answer or enrichment for the study of this topic. Possible future research tracks and application are discussed.
Third Factors and the Performance Interface in Language Design
Authors: Trotzke Andreas , Bader Markus , Frazier Lyn
Published: April 2022

This paper shows that systematic properties of performance systems can play an important role within the biolinguistic perspective on language by providing third-factor explanations for crucial design features of human language. In particular, it is demonstrated that the performance interface in language design contributes to the biolinguistic research program in three ways: (i) it can provide additional support for current views on UG, as shown in the context of complex center-embedding; (ii) it can revise current conceptions of UG by relegating widely assumed grammatical constraints to properties of the performance systems, as pointed out in the context of lin-ear ordering; (iii) it can contribute to explaining heretofore unexplained data that are disallowed by the grammar, but can be explained by systematic properties of the performance systems.
A Statistical Investigation into the Cross-Linguistic Distribution of Mass and Count Nouns: Morphosyntactic and Semantic Perspectives
Authors: Kulkarni Ritwik , Rothstein Susan , Treves Alessandro
Published: April 2022

We collected a database of how 1,434 nouns are used with respect to the mass/count distinction in six languages; additional informants characterized the semantics of the underlying concepts. Results indicate only weak correlations between semantics and syntactic usage. In five out of the six languages, roughly half the nouns in the database are used as pure count nouns in all respects; the other half differ from pure counts over distinct syntactic properties, with fewer nouns differing on more properties, and typically very few at the pure mass end of the spectrum. Such a graded distribution is similar across languages, but syntactic classes do not map onto each other, nor do they reflect, beyond weak correlations, semantic attributes of the concepts. Considerable variability is seen even among speakers of the same language. These findings are in line with the hypo-thesis that much of the mass/count syntax emerges from language- and even speaker-specific grammaticalization.