bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a novel high efficiency antenna for helicon plasma sources
Authors: Fazelpour S. , Chakhmachi A. , Iraji D. , Sadeghi H.
Published: May 2018

A new configuration for an antenna, which increases the absorption power and plasma density, is proposed for helicon plasma sources. The influence of the electromagnetic wave pattern symmetry on the plasma density and absorption power in a helicon plasma source with a common antenna (Nagoya) is analysed by using the standard COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3 software. In contrast to the theoretical model prediction, the electromagnetic wave does not represent a symmetric pattern for the common Nagoya antenna. In this work, a new configuration for an antenna is proposed which refines the asymmetries of the wave pattern in helicon plasma sources. The plasma parameters such as plasma density and absorption rate for a common Nagoya antenna and our proposed antenna under the same conditions are studied using simulations. In addition, the plasma density of seven operational helicon plasma source devices, having a common Nagoya antenna, is compared with the simulation results of our proposed antenna and the common Nagoya antenna. The simulation results show that the density of the plasma, which is produced by using our proposed antenna, is approximately twice in comparison to the plasma density produced by using the common Nagoya antenna. In fact, the simulation results indicate that the electric and magnetic fields symmetry of the helicon wave plays a vital role in increasing wave–particle coupling. As a result, wave–particle energy exchange and the plasma density of helicon plasma sources will be increased.
Moral externalization is an implausible mechanism for cooperation, let alone “hypercooperation”
Authors: Johnson Tim
Published: May 2018

To facilitate cooperation, moral externalization requires truthful and meticulous information about others’ moral commitments (Stanford target article, sect. 6). By definition, this information does not exist in the low-information environments where humans display their “hypercooperativeness.” Furthermore, collecting that information – if possible – entails costs that other mechanisms for correlated interaction avoid. Hence, moral externalization is an unlikely mechanism for cooperation, let alone “hypercooperation.”
Do the folk need a meta-ethics?
Authors: Patel Shivam , Machery Edouard
Published: May 2018

Stanford argues that cooperators achieve and maintain correlated interaction through the objectification of moral norms. We first challenge the moral/non-moral distinction that frames Stanford's discussion. We then argue that to the extent that norms are objectified (and we hold that they are at most objectified in a very thin sense), it is not for the sake of achieving correlated interaction.
Do we really externalize or objectivize moral demands?
Authors: Stich Stephen
Published: May 2018

Stanford's goal is to explain the uniquely human tendency to externalize or objectify “distinctively moral” demands, norms, and obligations. I maintain that there is no clear phenomenon to explain. Stanford's account of which norms are distinctively moral relies on Turiel's problematic work. Stanford's justification of the claim that we “objectify” moral demands ignores recent studies indicating that often we do not.
Not as distinct as you think: Reasons to doubt that morality comprises a unified and objective conceptual category
Authors: Theriault Jordan , Young Liane
Published: May 2018

That morality comprises a distinct and objective conceptual category is a critical claim for Stanford's target article. We dispute this claim. Statistical conclusions about a distinct moral domain were not justified in prior work, on account of the “stimuli-as-fixed-effects” fallacy. Furthermore, we have found that, behaviorally and neurally, morals share more in common with preferences than facts.
The objectivity of moral norms is a top-down cultural construct
Authors: Voorhees Burton , Read Dwight , Gabora Liane
Published: May 2018

Encultured individuals see the behavioral rules of cultural systems of moral norms as objective. In addition to prescriptive regulation of behavior, moral norms provide templates, scripts, and scenarios regulating the expression of feelings and triggered emotions arising from perceptions of norm violation. These allow regulated defensive responses that may arise as moral idea systems co-opt emotionally associated biological survival instincts.
Benzobicyclon as a Post-Flood Option for Weedy Rice Control
Authors: Young Mason L. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Scott Robert C. , Bond Jason A. , Heiser James
Published: May 2018

Benzobicyclon will be the first 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)–inhibiting herbicide available in US rice production pending registration completion. An observation of benzobicyclon controlling weedy rice in two field trials prompted a greenhouse and field evaluation to determine if benzobicyclon would control weedy rice accessions from Arkansas, Mississippi, and southeastern Missouri. A total of 100 accessions were screened in the greenhouse and field. Percentage mortality was determined in the greenhouse, and percentage control was recorded in the field. Benzobicyclon at 371 g ai ha–1 caused at least 80% mortality of 22 accessions in the greenhouse and at least 80% control of 30 accessions in the field. For most accessions, individual plants within the accession varied in response to benzobicyclon. Based on these results, the sensitivity of weedy rice to benzobicyclon varies across accessions collected in the midsouthern United States, and it may provide an additional control option for weedy rice in some fields.
Characteristics of Equatorial and Low‐Latitude Plasma Irregularities as Investigated Using a Meridional Chain of Radio Experiments Over India
Authors: Sripathi S. , Sreekumar Sreeba , Banola S.
Published: May 2018

The characteristics of equatorial and low‐latitude plasma irregularities are studied using a meridional chain of ionosondes located at Tirunelveli, Hyderabad, and Allahabad and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers located at Tirunelveli, Mumbai, and Nagpur during the year 2015. The observations suggest that while stronger and longer duration of equatorial spread F irregularities occur in the postsunset sector during equinoxes and winter, they occur mostly in the postmidnight sector during summer, while being weaker in strength and shorter in duration. Further, the postsunset spread F occurs first at the equator followed by their occurrence at low latitudes during equinoxes and winter, while the postmidnight spread F during summer are found to be stronger and earlier at low latitudes followed by their occurrence at the equator. While plasma irregularities are observed by both the ionosondes and GPS receivers during both equinoxes and winter, it is observed mostly by the ionosondes during summer. The results further strengthen the view that while postsunset spread F in equinoxes and winter are generated by the equatorial processes, postmidnight spread F in the summer may be linked to the nonequatorial processes. The results also reemphasize the asymmetric distribution of plasma irregularities or scintillations during equinoxes wherein vernal (autumn) equinox shows more intense plasma irregularities than autumn (vernal) equinox during certain years. Also, using a larger data set of simultaneous GPS and ionosonde observations, the relationship of prereversal enhancement and strength of L‐band scintillations with solar flux, Kp index, and equatorial electrojet strength are examined.
Uncertainties Caused by Major Meteorological Analysis Data Sets in Simulating Air Quality Over India
Authors: Chatani Satoru , Sharma Sumit
Published: May 2018

Many places in India suffer from severe air pollution. Regional air quality simulations are essential to develop effective strategies for improving air quality, considering the nonlinear relationships between ambient pollutants and their precursor emissions. Meteorological fields used in simulations are derived from regional meteorological models with analysis data sets as inputs. This study reveals that two major analysis data sets provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) cause significant differences in simulated meteorological fields over India. Especially, relative humidity values simulated using the ECMWF data set are much higher and closer to the observed values than those simulated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction data set. Results simulated using the ECMWF data set show better model performance for most meteorological parameters over India. Differences in relative humidity originate in the data contained in the analysis data sets through grid nudging. It is not possible to avoid this underestimation by simply turning off grid nudging. The meteorological fields simulated with two major analysis data sets also lead to differences in pollutant concentrations simulated by regional chemical transport models through various physical and chemical processes. Differences originating in the two analysis data sets could be comparable with the uncertainties originating in various emission inventories in some regions and seasons in India. However, discrepancies between observed and simulated pollutant concentrations cannot be explained only by differences of the meteorological fields. Other aspects need to be explored for better performance required to develop effective strategies for India, based on accurate regional air quality simulations.
Effects of Marsh Edge Erosion in Coupled Barrier Island‐Marsh Systems and Geometric Constraints on Marsh Evolution
Authors: Lauzon Rebecca , Murray A. Brad , Moore Laura J. , Walters David C. , Kirwan Matthew L. , Fagherazzi Sergio
Published: May 2018

Previous results show that overwash provides an important sediment source to back‐barrier marshes, sustaining a narrow marsh state under conditions in which marsh drowning would otherwise occur. We expand the coupled barrier island‐marsh evolution model GEOMBEST+ to explore the effects of wind waves on back‐barrier marshes. We find that the addition of marsh edge erosion leads to wider, more resilient marshes and that horizontal erosion of the marsh edge is a more efficient sediment source than vertical erosion of the marsh surface as it drowns. Where marshes and bays are vertically keeping up with sea level, and the net rate of sediment imported to (or exported from) the basin is known, the rate of marsh edge erosion or progradation can be predicted knowing only the present basin geometry, sea level rise rate, and the net rate of sediment input (without considering the erosion or progradation mechanisms). If the rate of sediment input/export is known, this relationship applies whether sediment exchange with the open ocean is negligible (as in basins dominated by riverine sediment input) or is significant (including the loss of sediment remobilized by waves in the bay). Analysis of these results reveals that geometry and stratigraphy can exert a first‐order control on back‐barrier marsh evolution and on the marsh‐barrier island system as a whole and provides new insights into the resilience of back‐barrier marshes and on the interconnectedness of the barrier‐marsh system.
NOAA Seeks Emerging Technologies to Further Its Mission
Authors: Goldstein Justin , Kennerley Anne , Steckel Adam
Published: May 2018

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Emerging Technologies for Observations Workshop; College Park, Maryland, 22–23 August 2017
Editorial: Thank You to the 2017 JGR Space Physics Reviewers
Authors: Liemohn Michael W. , Wang Yuming , Rodger Alan , Balikhin Michael , Kepko Larry
Published: May 2018

The Editors of the Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics extend a sincere and heartfelt thank you to the 1,448 scientists that conducted 3,511 manuscript reviews for the journal in calendar year 2017. We deeply appreciate the time and effort that you have devoted to the research community.
Radar Sounding of Open Basin Lakes on Mars
Authors: Shoemaker E. S. , Baker D. M. H. , Carter L. M.
Published: May 2018

Orbital observations of the surface of Mars indicate that ancient basins were once host to lakes that may have been depocenters of sedimentary materials, including hydrated minerals like phyllosilicates. Later volcanic and sedimentary resurfacing may have developed a stratigraphy within the basins detectable through radar sounding data from the Shallow Radar instrument. Our radar survey of 61 open basin lakes (OBLs) revealed only one plausible reflector in a single basin east of Hellas Planitia. We investigated possible factors contributing to lack of radar detections in the other basins through detailed analysis of radargrams and subsurface characteristics of OBLs. As possible hosts to previous habitable environments, OBLs on Mars are important sites for future robotic and human missions. A full understanding of the factors influencing the radar signal, as addressed here, is important for more fully characterizing the subsurface structure and geology at these locations.
Phase-matching-free parametric oscillators based on two-dimensional semiconductors
Authors: Ciattoni Alessandro , Marini Andrea , Rizza Carlo , Conti Claudio
Published: May 2018

Optical parametric oscillators are widely used as pulsed and continuous-wave tunable sources for innumerable applications, such as quantum technologies, imaging, and biophysics. A key drawback is material dispersion, which imposes a phase-matching condition that generally entails a complex design and setup, thus hindering tunability and miniaturization. Here we show that the burden of phase-matching is surprisingly absent in parametric micro-resonators utilizing mono-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides as quadratic nonlinear materials. By the exact solution of nonlinear Maxwell equations and first-principle calculations of the semiconductor nonlinear response, we devise a novel kind of phase-matching-free miniaturized parametric oscillator operating at conventional pump intensities. We find that different two-dimensional semiconductors yield degenerate and non-degenerate emission at various spectral regions due to doubly resonant mode excitation, which can be tuned by varying the incidence angle of the external pump laser. In addition, we show that high-frequency electrical modulation can be achieved by doping via electrical gating, which can be used to efficiently shift the threshold for parametric oscillation. Our results pave the way for the realization of novel ultra-fast tunable micron-sized sources of entangled photons—a key device underpinning any quantum protocol. Highly miniaturized optical parametric oscillators may also be employed in lab-on-chip technologies for biophysics, detection of environmental pollution and security.
Author Correction: Skull optical clearing window for in vivo imaging of the mouse cortex at synaptic resolution
Authors: Zhao Yan-Jie , Yu Ting-Ting , Zhang Chao , Li Zhao , Luo Qing-Ming , Xu Tong-Hui , Zhu Dan
Published: May 2018

Correction to:Light: Science & Applications  (2018) https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.153 published online on 23 February 2018
Large-scale forward genetics screening identifies Trpa1 as a chemosensor for predator odor-evoked innate fear behaviors
Authors: Wang Yibing , Cao Liqin , Lee Chia-Ying , Matsuo Tomohiko , Wu Kejia , Asher Greg , Tang Lijun , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Russell Jamie , Klewe-Nebenius Daniela , Wang Li , Soya Shingo , Hasegawa Emi , Chérasse Yoan , Zhou Jiamin , Li Yuwenbin , Wang Tao , Zhan Xiaowei , Miyoshi Chika , Irukayama Yoko , Cao Jie , Meeks Julian P. , Gautron Laurent , Wang Zhiqiang , Sakurai Katsuyasu , Funato Hiromasa , Sakurai Takeshi , Yanagisawa Masashi , Nagase Hiroshi , Kobayakawa Reiko , Kobayakawa Ko , Beutler Bruce , Liu Qinghua
Published: May 2018

Innate behaviors are genetically encoded, but their underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Predator odor 2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thiazoline (TMT) and its potent analog 2-methyl-2-thiazoline (2MT) are believed to activate specific odorant receptors to elicit innate fear/defensive behaviors in naive mice. Here, we conduct a large-scale recessive genetics screen of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-mutagenized mice. We find that loss of Trpa1, a pungency/irritancy receptor, diminishes TMT/2MT and snake skin-evoked innate fear/defensive responses. Accordingly, Trpa1
−/−
mice fail to effectively activate known fear/stress brain centers upon 2MT exposure, despite their apparent ability to smell and learn to fear 2MT. Moreover, Trpa1 acts as a chemosensor for 2MT/TMT and Trpa1-expressing trigeminal ganglion neurons contribute critically to 2MT-evoked freezing. Our results indicate that Trpa1-mediated nociception plays a crucial role in predator odor-evoked innate fear/defensive behaviors. The work establishes the first forward genetics screen to uncover the molecular mechanism of innate fear, a basic emotion and evolutionarily conserved survival mechanism.
The rice blast resistance gene Ptr encodes an atypical protein required for broad-spectrum disease resistance
Authors: Zhao Haijun , Wang Xueyan , Jia Yulin , Minkenberg Bastian , Wheatley Matthew , Fan Jiangbo , Jia Melissa H. , Famoso Adam , Edwards Jeremy D. , Wamishe Yeshi , Valent Barbara , Wang Guo-Liang , Yang Yinong
Published: May 2018

Plant resistance genes typically encode proteins with nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NLR) domains. Here we show that Ptr is an atypical resistance gene encoding a protein with four Armadillo repeats. Ptr is required for broad-spectrum blast resistance mediated by the NLR R gene Pi-ta and by the associated R gene Pi-ta2. Ptr is expressed constitutively and encodes two isoforms that are mainly localized in the cytoplasm. A two base pair deletion within the Ptr coding region in the fast neutron-generated mutant line M2354 creates a truncated protein, resulting in susceptibility to M. oryzae. Targeted mutation of Ptr in a resistant cultivar using CRISPR/Cas9 leads to blast susceptibility, further confirming its resistance function. The cloning of Ptr may aid in the development of broad spectrum blast resistant rice.
A20 critically controls microglia activation and inhibits inflammasome-dependent neuroinflammation
Authors: Voet Sofie , Mc Guire Conor , Hagemeyer Nora , Martens Arne , Schroeder Anna , Wieghofer Peter , Daems Carmen , Staszewski Ori , Vande Walle Lieselotte , Jordao Marta Joana Costa , Sze Mozes , Vikkula Hanna-Kaisa , Demeestere Delphine , Van Imschoot Griet , Scott Charlotte L. , Hoste Esther , Gonçalves Amanda , Guilliams Martin , Lippens Saskia , Libert Claude , Vandenbroucke Roos E. , Kim Ki-Wook , Jung Steffen , Callaerts-Vegh Zsuzsanna , Callaerts Patrick , de Wit Joris , Lamkanfi Mohamed , Prinz Marco , van Loo Geert
Published: May 2018

Microglia, the mononuclear phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS), are important for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis, but also critically contribute to CNS pathology. Here we demonstrate that the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulatory protein A20 is crucial in regulating microglia activation during CNS homeostasis and pathology. In mice, deletion of A20 in microglia increases microglial cell number and affects microglial regulation of neuronal synaptic function. Administration of a sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide induces massive microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and lethality in mice with microglia-confined A20 deficiency. Microglia A20 deficiency also exacerbates multiple sclerosis (MS)-like disease, due to hyperactivation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome leading to enhanced interleukin-1β secretion and CNS inflammation. Finally, we confirm a Nlrp3 inflammasome signature and IL-1β expression in brain and cerebrospinal fluid from MS patients. Collectively, these data reveal a critical role for A20 in the control of microglia activation and neuroinflammation.
Combining laser capture microdissection and proteomics reveals an active translation machinery controlling invadosome formation
Authors: Ezzoukhry Zakaria , Henriet Elodie , Cordelières Fabrice P. , Dupuy Jean-William , Maître Marlène , Gay Nathan , Di-Tommaso Sylvaine , Mercier Luc , Goetz Jacky G. , Peter Marion , Bard Frédéric , Moreau Violaine , Raymond Anne-Aurélie , Saltel Frédéric
Published: May 2018

Invadosomes are F-actin-based structures involved in extracellular matrix degradation, cell invasion, and metastasis formation. Analyzing their proteome is crucial to decipher their molecular composition, to understand their mechanisms, and to find specific elements to target them. However, the specific analysis of invadosomes is challenging, because it is difficult to maintain their integrity during isolation. In addition, classical purification methods often suffer from contaminations, which may impair data validation. To ensure the specific identification of invadosome components, we here develop a method that combines laser microdissection and mass spectrometry, enabling the analysis of subcellular structures in their native state based on low amounts of input material. Using this combinatorial method, we show that invadosomes contain specific components of the translational machinery, in addition to known marker proteins. Moreover, functional validation reveals that protein translation activity is an inherent property of invadosomes, which is required to maintain invadosome structure and activity.
Ancient acquisition of “alginate utilization loci” by human gut microbiota
Authors: Mathieu Sophie , Touvrey-Loiodice Mélanie , Poulet Laurent , Drouillard Sophie , Vincentelli Renaud , Henrissat Bernard , Skjåk-Bræk Gudmund , Helbert William
Published: May 2018

In bacteria from the phylum Bacteroidetes, the genes coding for enzymes involved in polysaccharide degradation are often colocalized and coregulated in so-called “polysaccharide utilization loci” (PULs). PULs dedicated to the degradation of marine polysaccharides (e.g. laminaran, ulvan, alginate and porphyran) have been characterized in marine bacteria. Interestingly, the gut microbiome of Japanese individuals acquired, by lateral transfer from marine bacteria, the genes involved in the breakdown of porphyran, the cell wall polysaccharide of the red seaweed used in maki. Sequence similarity analyses predict that the human gut microbiome also encodes enzymes for the degradation of alginate, the main cell wall polysaccharide of brown algae. We undertook the functional characterization of diverse polysaccharide lyases from family PL17, frequently found in marine bacteria as well as those of human gut bacteria. We demonstrate here that this family is polyspecific. Our phylogenetic analysis of family PL17 reveals that all alginate lyases, which have all the same specificity and mode of action, cluster together in a very distinct subfamily. The alginate lyases found in human gut bacteria group together in a single clade which is rooted deeply in the PL17 tree. These enzymes were found in PULs containing PL6 enzymes, which also clustered together in the phylogenetic tree of PL6. Together, biochemical and bioinformatics analyses suggest that acquisition of this system appears ancient and, because only traces of two successful transfers were detected upon inspection of PL6 and PL17 families, the pace of acquisition of marine polysaccharide degradation system is probably very slow.
An integrated model of gene-culture coevolution of language mediated by phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Azumagakito Tsubasa , Suzuki Reiji , Arita Takaya
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we propose an agent-based model for investigating possible scenarios of genetic and cultural language evolution based on an integrated gene-culture coevolutionary framework. We focused on the following problems: (1) how communicative ability can evolve directionally under positive frequency-dependent selection and (2) how much of the directional effect there is between language and biological evolution. In our evolutionary experiments and analysis, we discovered a coevolutionary scenario involving the biological evolution of phenotypic plasticity and a cyclic coevolutionary dynamic between genetic and cultural evolution that is mediated by phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, we discovered that the rates of cultural change are usually faster than the biological rates and fluctuate on a short time scale; on a long time scale, however, cultural rates tend to be slow. This implies that biological evolution can maintain the pace with language evolution. Finally, we analyzed the transfer entropy for a quantitative discussion of the directional effects between both evolutions. The results showed that biological evolution appears to be unable to maintain the pace with language evolution on short time scales, while their mutual directional effects are in the same range on long time scales. This implies that language and the relevant biology could coevolve.
Conserved RNA binding activity of a Yin-Yang 1 homologue in the ova of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Authors: Belak Zachery R. , Ovsenek Nicholas , Eskiw Christopher H.
Published: May 2018

Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) is a highly conserved transcription factor possessing RNA-binding activity. A putative YY1 homologue was previously identified in the developmental model organism Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (the purple sea urchin) by genomic sequencing. We identified a high degree of sequence similarity with YY1 homologues of vertebrate origin which shared 100% protein sequence identity over the DNA- and RNA-binding zinc-finger region with high similarity in the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain. SpYY1 demonstrated identical DNA- and RNA-binding characteristics between Xenopus laevis and S. purpuratus indicating that it maintains similar functional and biochemical properties across widely divergent deuterostome species. SpYY1 binds to the consensus YY1 DNA element, and also to U-rich RNA sequences. Although we detected SpYY1 RNA-binding activity in ova lysates and observed cytoplasmic localization, SpYY1 was not associated with maternal mRNA in ova. SpYY1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes was excluded from the nucleus and associated with maternally expressed cytoplasmic mRNA molecules. These data demonstrate the existence of an YY1 homologue in S. purpuratus with similar structural and biochemical features to those of the well-studied vertebrate YY1; however, the data reveal major differences in the biological role of YY1 in the regulation of maternally expressed mRNA in the two species.
Controlling invasive ant species: a theoretical strategy for efficient monitoring in the early stage of invasion
Authors: Ujiyama Shumpei , Tsuji Kazuki
Published: May 2018

Invasion by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, has destructive effects on native biodiversity, agriculture and public health. This ant’s aggressive foraging behaviour and high reproductive capability have enabled its establishment of wild populations in most regions into which it has been imported. An important aspect of eradication is thorough nest monitoring and destruction during early invasion to prevent range expansion. The question is: How intense must monitoring be on temporal and spatial scales to eradicate the fire ant? Assuming that the ant was introduced into a region and that monitoring was conducted immediately after nest detection in an effort to detect all other potentially established nests, we developed a mathematical model to investigate detection rates. Setting the monitoring limit to three years, the detection rate was maximized when monitoring was conducted shifting bait trap locations and setting them at intervals of 30 m for each monitoring. Monitoring should be conducted in a radius of at least 4 km around the source nest, or wider—depending on how late a nest is found. For ease of application, we also derived equations for finding the minimum bait interval required in an arbitrary ant species for thorough monitoring.
Genetic analyses in Lake Malawi cichlids identify new roles for Fgf signaling in scale shape variation
Authors: Albertson R. Craig , Kawasaki Kenta C. , Tetrault Emily R. , Powder Kara E.
Published: May 2018

Elasmoid scales are the most common epithelial appendage among vertebrates, however an understanding of the genetic mechanisms that underlie variation in scale shape is lacking. Using an F2 mapping cross between morphologically distinct cichlid species, we identified >40 QTL for scale shape at different body positions. We show that while certain regions of the genome regulate variation in multiple scales, most are specific to scales at distinct positions. This suggests a degree of regional modularity in scale development. We also identified a single QTL for variation in scale shape disparity across the body. Finally, we screened a QTL hotspot for candidate loci, and identified the Fgf receptor fgfr1b as a prime target. Quantitative rtPCR and small molecule manipulation support a role for Fgf signaling in shaping cichlid scales. While Fgfs have previously been implicated in scale loss, these data reveal new roles for the pathway in scale shape variation.
Correction: Corrigendum: Small molecule-mediated up-regulation of microRNA targeting a key cell death modulator BNIP3 improves cardiac function following ischemic injury
Authors: Lee Se-Yeon , Lee Seahyoung , Choi Eunhyun , Ham Onju , Lee Chang Youn , Lee Jiyun , Seo Hyang-Hee , Cha Min-Ji , Mun Bohyun , Lee Yunmi , Yoon Cheesoon , Hwang Ki-Chul
Published: May 2018

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 23472; published online: 24 March 2016; updated: 17 May 2018 The Article contains errors in Figure 4A, and Supplementary Figures 11, 12 and 13. As a result of the misfiling of the data, the images labelled as Compound 5 are of kenpaullone-treated group. The correct figures 4A, S11, S12 and S13, showing the correct data for Compound 5, appear below as Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
Correction: Corrigendum: Will hypolimnetic waters become anoxic in all deep tropical lakes?
Authors: Fukushima Takehiko , Matsushita Bunkei , Subehi Luki , Setiawan Fajar , Wibowo Hendro
Published: May 2018

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 45320; published online: 28 March 2017; updated: 17 May 2018 This Article contains errors in Reference 25 and 26, which are incorrectly given as follows: ‘Jacobson, P. First Toba, now Maninjau: another mass fish death hits an Indonesian lake. Mongabay. https://news.
Quantum dot conjugated nanobodies for multiplex imaging of protein dynamics at synapses
Authors: Modi Souvik , Higgs Nathalie F. , Sheehan David , Griffin Lewis D. , Kittler Josef T.
Published: May 2018

An anti-GFP nanobody conjugated QD optical probe was applied to study single particle trackingin vitroandex vivo. This small, highly specific probe recognized GFP when expressed at the cell membrane and reported diffusion dynamics of the underlying target protein.
Influence of the anion on the properties of ionic liquid mixtures: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Voroshylova Iuliia V. , Ferreira Elisabete S. C. , Malček Michal , Costa Renata , Pereira Carlos M. , Cordeiro M. Natália D. S.
Published: May 2018

Big anions enhance the non-polar network in IL mixtures, while smaller ones win the competition for the imidazolium cation.
Carbonate-mediated Mars–van Krevelen mechanism for CO oxidation on cobalt-doped ceria catalysts: facet-dependence and coordination-dependence
Authors: Liu Bing , Li Wenping , Song Weiyu , Liu Jian
Published: May 2018

A facet-dependent carbonate-mediated CO oxidation mechanism is proposed.
Defect mediated magnetic transitions in Fe and Mn doped MoS2
Authors: Singh Manish Kumar , Chettri Prajwal , Tripathi Ajay , Tiwari Archana , Mukherjee Bratindranath , Mandal R. K.
Published: May 2018

We report single-phase syntheses of undoped 2H-MoS2 as well as Mn and Fe doped MoS2 by a facile hydrothermal route.
A highly luminescent Eu(iii) complex based on an electronically isolated aromatic ring system with ultralong lifetime
Authors: Kitagawa Yuichi , Suzue Fumiya , Nakanishi Takayuki , Fushimi Koji , Hasegawa Yasuchika
Published: May 2018

A Eu(iii) complex with a large electronically isolated aromatic ring system induces a brilliant luminescence.
Bispidines for radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Comba Peter , Kerscher Marion , Rück Katharina , Starke Miriam
Published: May 2018

Radiometal based radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy require selective ligands (bifunctional chelators, BFCs) that form metal complexes, which are inert againsttrans-chelation under physiological conditions, linked to a biological vector, directing them to the targeted tissue. Bispidine ligands with a very rigid backbone and widely variable donor sets are reviewed as an ideal class of BFCs, and recent applications are discussed.
A multifunctional Eu-CP as a recyclable luminescent probe for the highly sensitive detection of Fe3+/Fe2+, Cr2O72−, and nitroaromatic explosives
Authors: Yang Yang , Qiu Fangzhou , Xu Cong , Feng Yan , Zhang Guolin , Liu Weisheng
Published: May 2018

A multifunctional Eu-CP (1) as a recyclable luminescent probe for the highly sensitive detection of Fe3+/Fe2+, Cr2O72−, and nitroaromatic explosives.
Acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reactions with alcohols over heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Hakim Siddiki S. M. A. , Toyao Takashi , Shimizu Ken-ichi
Published: May 2018

Recent examples for the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reactions of alcohols over heterogeneous catalysts for the one-pot synthesis of value-enhanced chemicals are reviewed.
A size switchable nanoplatform for targeting the tumor microenvironment and deep tumor penetration
Authors: Cun Xingli , Li Man , Wang Shuying , Wang Yifei , Wang Jialing , Lu Zhengze , Yang Ruixin , Tang Xian , Zhang Zhirong , He Qin
Published: May 2018

This study established an MMP-2/pH dual-sensitive, multistage nanoparticle, DGL/DOX@PP, that can release small nanoparticles through the simple breakage of an enzyme-sensitive bond.
Large-scale synthesis of uniform lanthanide-doped NaREF4 upconversion/downshifting nanoprobes for bioapplications
Authors: You Wenwu , Tu Datao , Zheng Wei , Shang Xiaoying , Song Xiaorong , Zhou Shanyong , Liu Yan , Li Renfu , Chen Xueyuan
Published: May 2018

One batch yield as high as 63.38 g of uniform lanthanide-doped NaREF4 nanoprobes was achieved via a novel solid–liquid-thermal-decomposition strategy.
Hypermonins A and B, two 6-norpolyprenylated acylphloroglucinols with unprecedented skeletons from Hypericum monogynum
Authors: Zeng Yan-Rong , Yi Ping , Gu Wei , Xiao Chun-Xia , Huang Lie-Jun , Tian Dong-Song , Yan Hui , Chen Duo-Zhi , Yuan Chun-Mao , Hao Xiao-Jiang
Published: May 2018

Hypermonins A and B, two novel 6-norpolycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Hypericum monogynum.
Thin cyclomatrix polyphosphazene films: interfacial polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with aromatic biphenols
Authors: Maaskant Evelien , Gojzewski Hubert , Hempenius Mark A. , Vancso G. Julius , Benes Nieck E.
Published: May 2018

Cyclomatrix polyphosphazene films have been synthesized by interfacial polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with a variety of biphenols.
Coordination-induced assemblies of quantum dots in amphiphilic thermo-responsive block copolymer micelles: morphologies, optical properties and applications
Authors: Lü Jianhua , Liu Bingxin , Shi Bingfeng , Lü Changli
Published: May 2018

Thermo-responsive dual-emitting QD/BCP assemblies with QDs located in the core (CDMs), shell (SDMs) and the interface (IDMs) between the core and the shell of micelles were constructed via coordination-driven assemblies for the selective detection of TNP and Hg2+ ions.
Combination of preparative and two-dimensional chromatographic fractionation with thermal analysis for the branching analysis of polyethylene
Authors: Eselem Bungu Paul S. , Pflug Kristina , Pasch Harald
Published: May 2018

Multiple preparative fractionation of LDPE provides molar mass and branching fractions that are analyzed regarding their thermal properties.
Correction: Water-floating nanohybrid films of layered titanate–graphene for sanitization of algae without secondary pollution
Authors: Kim In Young , Lee Jang Mee , Hwang Eui-Ho , Pei Yi-Rong , Jin Woo-Bin , Choy Jin-Ho , Hwang Seong-Ju
Published: May 2018

Correction for ‘Water-floating nanohybrid films of layered titanate–graphene for sanitization of algae without secondary pollution’ by In Young Kim et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 98528–98535.
Versatilein situsynthesis of MnO2nanolayers on upconversion nanoparticles and their application in activatable fluorescence and MRI imaging
Authors: Wu Yuan , Li Dan , Zhou Fang , Liang Hao , Liu Yuan , Hou Weijia , Yuan Quan , Zhang Xiaobing , Tan Weihong
Published: May 2018

We have developed a simple and versatile strategy forin situgrowth of MnO2on the surfaces of oleic acid-capped upconversion nanoparticles by optimizing the component concentrations in the Lemieux–von Rudloff reagent.
Bithiazolidinylidene polymers: synthesis and electronic interactions with transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Selhorst Ryan , Wang Peijian , Barnes Michael , Emrick Todd
Published: May 2018

We describe the synthesis and characterization of polymers bearing sulfur-rich, electron-accepting bithiazolidinylidene (BT) groups, and probe their electronic impact on 2-D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs).
Quenching of fully symmetric mixtures of oppositely charged microgels: the role of soft stiffness
Authors: Colla Thiago , Blaak Ronald , Likos Christos N.
Published: May 2018

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the self-assembly of a coarse-grained binary system of oppositely charged microgels, symmetric in size and concentration.
Modeling of DNA transport in viscoelastic electro-hydrodynamic flows for enhanced size separation
Authors: Chami B. , Socol M. , Manghi M. , Bancaud A.
Published: May 2018

DNA separation and analysis have advanced over recent years, benefiting from microfluidic systems that reduce sample volumes and analysis costs, essential for sequencing and disease identification in body fluids.
Could the Use of Acoustic Reflexes Prior to Administering Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) Affect the Results of DPOAEs?
Authors: Garrette Rachel , Jones Alisha L. , Wilson Martha W.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether acoustic reflex threshold testing before administration of distortion product otoacoustic emissions can affect the results of the distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing using an automated protocol.

Method

Fifteen young adults with normal hearing ranging in age from 19 to 25 years participated in the study. All participants had clear external ear canals and normal Jerger Type A tympanograms and had passed a hearing screening. Testing was performed using the Interacoustics Titan acoustic reflex threshold and distortion product otoacoustic emissions protocol. Participants underwent baseline distortion product otoacoustic emissions.

Results

A paired-samplesttest was conducted for both the right and left ears to assess within-group differences between baseline distortion product otoacoustic emissions and repeated distortion product otoacoustic emissions measures. No significant differences were found in distortion product otoacoustic emission measures following administration of acoustic reflexes.

Conclusions

The use of a protocol when using an automated system that includes both acoustic reflexes and distortion product otoacoustic emissions is important. Overall, presentation of acoustic reflexes prior to measuring distortion product otoacoustic emission did not affect distortion product otoacoustic emission results; therefore, test sequence can be modified as needed.
Let's Be Explicit About the Psycholinguistic Bases of Developmental Measures: A Response to Leonard, Haebig, Deevy, and Brown (2017)
Authors: Rispoli Matthew , Hadley Pamela A.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this letter is to clarify the psycholinguistic underpinnings of the tense marker total and tense agreement productivity score and to extend the discussion of when composite diversity and productivity measures are best used.

Conclusion

We encourage the use of composite diversity and productivity measures when assessing grammar early in development, but we discourage the use of composite accuracy measures until children demonstrate emergence of diverse tense/agreement morphemes across a sufficient number of low-frequency sentence frames.
Single‐phase multilevel inverter based on switched‐capacitor structure
Authors: Ngo Bac‐Bien , Nguyen Minh‐Khai , Kim Jae‐Hong , Zare Firuz
Published: May 2018

This study proposes a new topology for multilevel inverters based on switched‐capacitor structure. The proposed topology uses capacitor charged/discharged characteristic to boost the output voltage without employing magnetic elements. The proposed circuit configuration has fewer components, including switches, voltage sources, and capacitors comparing with the conventional similar topologies. A phase disposition pulse‐width modulation method is used to enhance the output waveform quality of the proposed inverter. Nine‐level and 17‐level configurations are simulated. To verify the operating principle, the experimental results for a nine‐level inverter topology are presented.
Design and development of a capacitance‐based wireless pressure transmitter
Authors: Sinha Sunita , Kachhap Rupam V. , Mandal Nirupama
Published: May 2018

A novel, cost‐ effective and efficient wireless pressure measurement system is modeled for transmission of the signal in harsh environment. The sensing part involves rubber bellows with a capacitive sensor made of copper plates. For remote transmission, monitoring and controlling the mechanical displacement of the bellows is converted into dc output voltage using differentiator and precision half wave rectifier. A linearization circuit is also designed, which linearized the output voltage with a value of percentage deviation from linearity of ±1.8%. For further FSK mode of transmission, the obtained linearized voltage is converted into 1 to 5 volt with a signal conditioning circuit. The transmitted output voltage is recovered using FSK demodulator circuit, LPF and a Decision circuit at receiving end. The full scale percentage error of the measurement system lies within 5% which is in an acceptable range. The proposed method is an economic and efficient transmission technique in hazardous areas where wired transmission is not feasible. The mathematical equations explaining the functioning of the proposed transmitter have been derived. The operation of the proposed pressure transmitter has been experimentally tested. The design approach, mathematical analysis and experimental results of the proposed model are reported in this paper.
Reoperations on Thoracic Aorta and Aortic Root: Surgical Technique and Pitfalls
Authors: Ramaiah Chand
Published: May 2018

Repeat operations involving the aortic root, ascending aorta, and arch (proximal aorta) are technically challenging. These procedures are associated with higher operative mortality and morbidity. A dedicated surgical team with special skill set is essential to manage these complex patients. Redo root and proximal aortic procedures can be done with acceptable risk in most patients with attention to details involving the surgical procedure, patient selection, and perioperative management.
Kardioanästhesie: Monitoring der Gerinnung und Gerinnungstherapie
Authors: Bein Berthold , Schiewe Robert
Published: May 2018

Die Transfusion von allogenen Blutprodukten ist mit einer Erhöhung der perioperativen Morbidität und Letalität assoziiert. Störungen der Hämostase sind insbesondere bei kardiochirurgischen Patienten häufig anzutreffen und können zu transfusionspflichtigen Blutungen führen. Eine zielgerichtete Therapie der häufig komplexen Gerinnungsstörungen erfordert eine differenzierte Diagnostik.
Kasuistik: Metamizol-induzierte Agranulozytose
Authors: Gonnert Falk , Meißner Winfried
Published: May 2018

Metamizol hat insgesamt ein günstiges Nebenwirkungsprofil – aber es birgt ein höheres Risiko einer medikamenteninduzierten Agranulozytose als andere Schmerzmittel und darf daher nicht unkritisch eingesetzt werden. Dieser Beitrag berichtet von einem Patienten, der nach prothetischem Hüftersatz eine medikamenteninduzierte Agranulozytose – mutmaßlich durch Metamizol – entwickelt und trotz maximaler Therapie im septischen Schock verstirbt.
Laminar and turbulent flow modes of cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet
Authors: Basher Abdulrahman H. , Mohamed Abdel-Aleam H.
Published: May 2018

Laminar and turbulent flow modes of a cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet are investigated in this work. The effects of the gas flow rate, applied voltage, and frequency on each plasma mode and on intermodal transitions are characterized using photographic, electrical, and spectroscopic techniques. Increasing the gas flow rate increases the plasma jet length in the laminar mode. Upon transition to the turbulent mode, increasing the gas flow rate leads to a decrease in the plasma jet length. The flow rate at which the jet transitions from laminar to turbulent increases with the applied voltage. The presence of nitric oxide (NO) radicals is indicated by the emission spectra of the turbulent plasmas only, while excited Ar, N2, OH, and O excited species are produced in both laminar and turbulent modes. With no distinctive behavior observed upon transition between the two operating modes, the power consumption was found to be insensitive to gas flow rate variation, while the energy density was found to decrease exponentially with the gas flow rate. Rotational and vibrational temperature measurements of the two plasma modes indicated that they are of the non-thermal equilibrium plasma type. Since they offer NO radicals while maintaining the benefits of the laminar plasma jet, the turbulent plasma jet is more useful than its laminar counterpart in biomedical applications.
Solvent free synthesis of Ta2O5 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic properties
Authors: Krishnaprasanth A. , Seetha M.
Published: May 2018

A new route is developed to prepare the Ta2O5 nanostructures without using any solvents. From the XRD pattern, phase change of hexagonal to orthorhombic of Ta2O5 is observed. The surface morphology is characterized using SEM and FE-SEM. From the optical analysis, the band energy is found to be 3.7 eV and 3.75 eV. The photocatalytic activity is evaluated by measuring the degradation of MO dye under UV irradiation. Ta2O5 in orthorhombic phase shows higher photocatalytic activity than that of hexagonal phase.