bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Tailored Interventions on Receipt of a Preference-Concordant Colorectal Cancer Screening Test
Authors: Christy Shannon M. , Monahan Patrick O. , Stump Timothy E. , Rawl Susan M. , Champion Victoria L.
Published: December 2019

Background. Individuals at average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) have multiple test options. Preference for a specific test modality may affect decision making about CRC screening. The current study examined 1) the sociodemographic and health belief characteristics of average-risk participants with a test preference for stool blood test (SBT) versus those with a preference of colonoscopy, and following receipt of a tailored CRC screening intervention, 2) the percentage of participants who completed a preference-concordant CRC screening test, and 3) the sociodemographic, health care experience, and health belief characteristics and intervention group(s) associated with completion of a preference-concordant screening test. Methods. Participants ( N = 603) were female, aged 50 to 75 years, at average CRC risk, not currently up-to-date with CRC screening recommendations, had Internet access, and were randomized to receive 1 of 3 tailored CRC screening promotion interventions. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results. Most women (64%) preferred SBT, whereas 36% preferred colonoscopy. There were significant differences in test preference by age, stage of change for the specific tests, perceived benefits of CRC screening, perceived barriers to both tests, and self-efficacy for colonoscopy. Two hundred thirty participants completed CRC screening at 6 months post-intervention. Of those, most (84%) completed a test concordant with their preference. Multivariable analyses revealed that compared with participants completing a preference-discordant test, those completing a preference-concordant test were older ( P = 0.01), had health insurance ( P < 0.05), and were in the phone counseling–only group ( P < 0.01). Conclusions. High levels of completion of preference-concordant CRC screening can be achieved by educating average-risk patients about the multiple screening test options, soliciting their preferences, and offering testing that is concordant with their preference.
Community mobility plans for individuals with developmental disabilities: A feasibility study
Authors: Pfeiffer Beth , Falo Katelyn , Gallagher Laura , Kaufmann Christine , Li Jennie , Yabor Felicia
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities have unmet transportation needs, which limits their community mobility. Access to transportation is linked to community participation and independence in adult outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation feasibility of individualized community mobility plans.

Methods

A pre-test post-test one group design was used to determine if methodology and implementation procedures were feasible. Outcome measures were evaluated to determine if appropriate for future effectiveness research. Participants were six adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities who received the community mobility plans intervention over a period of 3–8 sessions. Community mobility plans use a cyclical process where the individual first develops self-determined community mobility goals, followed by a comprehensive assessment process, and individualized environmental and person-centered travel interventions.

Results

Participants demonstrated significant improvement between pre- and post-test scores on the measures of the Progressive Evaluation of Travel Skills ( t(5) = –4.481, p = .007) and Goal Attainment Scaling ( t(5) = –7.457, p =.001).

Conclusion

Community mobility plans may provide a feasible option to improve community mobility for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities, although further research is needed to determine effectiveness.
Cellular distribution of PACAP-38 and PACAP receptors in the rat brain: Relation to migraine activated regions
Authors: Warfvinge Karin , Edvinsson Lars
Published: December 2019

Background

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) occurs as either a 27- or 38-amino acid neuropeptide and belongs to the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/glucagon/secretin family of peptides. PACAP and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide have a 68% homology of their amino acid sequences and share three B-type G-protein coupled receptors: VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1 receptors.

Methods/results

The distribution of PACAP-38 and its receptors in the brain is only partly described in the literature. Here, we have performed a study to provide the more general picture of this system in rat brain in order to understand a putative role in primary headaches and partly in relation to the calcitonin gene-related peptide system. We observed a rich expression of PACAP-38 and PAC1 receptor immunoreactivity in many regions throughout the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. The expression pattern points to multiple functions, not least associated with pain and reactions to pain. The expression of VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor immunoreactivity was very sparse. In several regions such as the cerebral cortex, trigeminal nucleus caudalis, hypothalamus and pons there was a close relation to calcitonin gene-related peptide expression.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the rich supply of PACAP-38 and PAC1 receptors is associated with basic functional responses in the central nervous system (CNS), and there are important close anatomical relations with calcitonin gene-related peptide in CNS regions associated with migraine pathophysiology.
Toward a Framework for (Re)Thinking the Ethics and Politics of International Student Mobility
Authors: Yang Peidong
Published: December 2019

In recent years, scholarship on international student mobility (ISM) has proliferated across various social science disciplines. Of late, an interest in the ethics and politics of ISM seems to be emerging, as more scholars begin to consider critically questions about rights, responsibility, justice, equality, and so forth that inhere in the thorny relationships between ISM stakeholders. To date, however, these discussions remain largely scattered. Bringing together these scattered conversations in literature, this article outlines elements of a framework for (re)thinking the ethics and politics of ISM. The proposed framework identifies eight key ISM actors between whom various ethical and political relationships arise, where these relationships range from the social to the institutional. Furthermore, the framework discusses four sets of concepts from the literature deemed pertinent in thinking further about ISM ethics and politics. This proposed framework is aimed at stimulating further conversations and efforts to make ISM more socially equitable and sustainable.
Teaching Pitch Notation–Reading Skills
Authors: Reifinger James L.
Published: December 2019

The teaching of music-reading skills has been cited as a neglected area of music education needing improvement. Music reading is the process of translating notation into sounds. Producing the notated sounds by singing, more specifically referred to as sight-singing, is especially demanding because it requires the individual to first mentally construct aural images of the sounds, an essential process that is challenging to teach and assess. This article describes a series of activities for teaching music-reading skills in general music or choir, focusing mainly on reading and singing pitch notation, though many of the ideas could also be used to teach rhythm reading. The activities are sequential, are easy to implement, and allow for the assessment of skill acquisition at various stages of development.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with pembrolizumab
Authors: Cai Zhuo Ran , Lecours Julie , Adam Jean-Philippe , Marcil Isabelle , Blais Normand , Dallaire Mario , Belisle Annie , Mathieu Alexandre
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe cutaneous drug eruptions characterized by epidermal detachment. Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the programmed death-1 receptor, and it has been associated with numerous cutaneous adverse side-effects, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Case report

We describe a 63-year-old male with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma who developed a rapidly progressing maculopapular rash three days after a first dose of pembrolizumab. On day 16, the rash affected more than 80% of body surface area with detachment of large sheets of necrolytic epidermis in 30–40% of body surface area. However, the patient only presented with mild mucosal involvement. Histopathologic examination of a skin biopsy showed a subepidermal blister with overlying prominent full thickness epidermal keratinocytic necrosis and a superficial perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes. A toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to pembrolizumab was then diagnosed. Management and outcome: In addition to supportive cares, the patient received corticosteroids and cyclosporine. The patient responded rapidly to the immunosuppressant therapy, and nearly complete re-epithelialization was achieved 24 days after the start of the reaction.

Discussion

In our review of the literature, 15 other cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis were reported with programmed death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors. To our knowledge, this is the first case of toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to pembrolizumab published in the literature. The American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines suggest that cyclosporine, in addition to corticosteroids, be initiated when toxic epidermal necrolysis is suspected. Clinicians should be aware of this rare dermatological emergency with the increasing use of pembrolizumab in oncology.
Performance verification and enhancement of mechanical smoke exhaust system in full-scale hot smoke test for a large space
Authors: Su ChungHwei , Wang ShiuanCheng , Chien ShenWen , Chen YaoHan
Published: December 2019

Full-scale hot smoke test standards have been issued in a number of countries, but the common method of judgment is a visual determination. As Marine Museum K has used a performance-based fire safety design and a numerical simulation during its design stage, this study employs instruments to measure and obtain quantitative comparisons, while enhancing the performance of the smoke exhaust system in different vent-opening modes. The results prove that the measured performance is consistent with the simulation results. The existing model observed that light attenuation is slight at less than 2%, 6% and 10% on the third, fifth and seventh floors, respectively. The effects of the open state of the front and rear vents on the first floor and the vent on the third floor are also discussed. The open mode of the upper and lower vents in Case 2 created a better performance than the other cases due to the excellent flow pattern. In Cases 3 and 4, the fire plumes were significantly disturbed by makeup-air through the vents on the lower floor after all fans were actuated, and the smoke diffused everywhere in the lower floors. This paper also found the disadvantages caused by the makeup air.
Effect of the bearing clearance on vibrations of a double-row planetary gear system
Authors: Liu Jing , Ding Shizhao , Wang Linfeng , Li Hongwu , Xu Jin
Published: December 2019

The bearing clearance, external torque, and input speed can greatly affect vibrations of the planetary gear system. The double-row planetary gear systems are commonly used in the gearbox of special vehicles, which are the key parts to obtain a larger gear ratio. Although many works have been presented to study those factors on vibrations of the single-row planetary gear system, a few works were focused on vibrations of the double-row planetary gear system with the bearing clearance. To overcome this problem, a multi-body dynamic model of a double-row planetary gear system with six planet bearings and one supported bearing of the sun gear is presented. This model is the main part of a gear box transmission system. The new model is developed for studying the effect of the bearing clearance on the planetary system. The meshing stiffness and damping between the gears are obtained by current methods in the listed references, as well as the contact stiffness and damping in bearings. The liner stiffness and damping model is used. The effects of the bearing clearance, external torque, and input speed on vibrations of the system are analyzed. The results show that vibrations of the ring gear and sun gear decrease with the increment of the external torque and increase with the increment of the input speed. Moreover, a reasonable bearing clearance can be helpful for reducing system vibrations for some mating external torque and input speed conditions. The results can provide some guidance to find new method to reduce vibrations and increase the service life of planetary gear systems.
Diversity and Power: Selection Method and Its Impacts on State Executive Descriptive Representation
Authors: Rhinehart Sarina , Geras Matthew J.
Published: December 2019

This article explores diversity within top leadership positions in state governments, specifically, the role that position selection method plays in promoting the inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities into positions of power. We hypothesize that minorities will be more likely to serve in appointed positions as governors consider diversity in making appointments and less likely to serve in elected positions due to the additional hurdles for candidates of color. Using an original data set of state executive leaders from 2001 to 2017 from all 50 states, we find evidence that institutional design influences levels of diversity among state executive leaders. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be appointed than elected to state executive leadership positions. In addition, we find that Democratic governors are more likely than Republican governors to appoint minorities. Ultimately, this evidence is important for understanding how institutional design can have consequences for descriptive representation, specifically for groups that have been historically excluded from political life.
Necrotizing enterocolitis: It’s not all in the gut
Authors: Meister Alissa L , Doheny Kim K , Travagli R Alberto
Published: December 2019

Necrotizing enterocolitis is the leading cause of death due to gastrointestinal disease in preterm neonates, affecting 5–12% of neonates born at a very-low birth weight. Necrotizing enterocolitis can present with a slow and insidious onset, with some neonates displaying early symptoms such as feeding intolerance. Treatment during the early stages includes bowel rest and careful use of antibiotics, but surgery is required if pneumoperitoneum and intestinal perforation occur. Mortality rates among neonates requiring surgery are estimated to be 20–30%, mandating the development of non-invasive and reliable biomarkers to predict necrotizing enterocolitis before the onset of clinical signs. Such biomarkers would allow at-risk neonates to receive maximal preventative therapies such as careful nutritional consideration, probiotics, and increased skin-to-skin care.

Impact statement

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease; its high mortality rate mandates the development of non-invasive biomarkers to predict NEC before its onset. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, prevention, unresolved issues, and long-term outcomes of NEC.
Effects of Caveolin-1-ERK1/2 pathway on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells under shear stress
Authors: Jia Lan , Wang Lihua , Wei Fang , Li Chen , Wang Zhe , Yu Haibo , Chen Haiyan , Wang Bo , Jiang Aili
Published: December 2019

Hemodynamic forces have an important role in venous intimal hyperplasia, which is the main cause of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. Endothelial cells (ECs) constantly exposed to the shear stress of blood flow, converted the mechanical stimuli into intracellular signals, and interacted with the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Caveolin-1 is one of the important mechanoreceptors on cytomembrane, which is related to vascular abnormalities. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway is involved in the process of VSMCs proliferation and migration. In the present study, we explore the effects of Caveolin-1-ERK1/2 pathway and uremia toxins on the endothelial cells and VSMCs following shear stress application. Different shear stress was simulated with a ECs/VSMCs cocultured parallel-plate flow chamber system. Low shear stress and oscillating shear stress up-regulated the expression of fibroblast growth factor-4, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, ERK1/2 phosphorylation in endothelial cells, and proliferation and migration of VSMCs but down-regulated the Caveolin-1 expression in endothelial cells. Uremia toxin induces the proliferation and migration of VSMCs but not in a Caveolin-1-dependent manner in the static environment. Low shear stress-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs is inhibited by Caveolin-1 overexpression and ERK1/2 suppression. Shear stress-regulated VSMC proliferation and migration is an endothelial cells-dependent process. Low shear stress and oscillating shear stress exert atherosclerotic influences on endothelial cells and VSMCs. Low shear stress modulated proliferation and migration of VSMCs through Caveolin-1-ERK1/2 pathway, which suggested that Caveolin-1 and ERK1/2 can be used as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction.

Impact statement

Venous intimal hyperplasia is the leading cause of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction. This article reports that shear stress-regulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and migration is an endothelial cell (EC)-dependent process. Low shear stress (LSS) and oscillating shear stress (OSS) exert atherosclerotic influences on the ECs and VSMCs. LSS-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs is inhibited by Caveolin-1 overexpression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) suppression, which suggested that Caveolin-1 and ERK1/2 can be used as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of AVF dysfunction.
Sleep duration, sleep variability, and impairments of visual attention
Authors: Barclay Nicola L , Rowley Susan , Robson Anna , Akram Umair , Myachykov Andriy
Published: December 2019

Attentional networks are sensitive to sleep deprivation. However, variation in attentional performance as a function of normal sleep parameters is understudied. We examined whether attentional performance is influenced by (a) individual differences in sleep duration, (b) sleep duration variability, and/or (c) their interaction. A total of 57 healthy participants (61.4% female, Mage = 32.37 years, SD = 8.68) completed questionnaires, wore wrist actigraphy for 1 week, and subsequently completed the attention network test. Sleep duration and sleep duration variability did not predict orienting score, executive control score, or error rates. Sleep duration variability appeared to moderate the association between sleep duration with overall reaction time (β = –.34, t = –2.13, p = .04) and alerting scores (β = .43, t = 2.94, p = .01), though further inspection of the data suggested that these were spurious findings. Time of testing was a significant predictor of alerting score (β = .35, t = 2.96, p = .01), chronotype of orienting (β = .31, t = 2.28, p = .03), and age of overall reaction time (β = .35, t = 2.70, p = .01). Our results highlight the importance of examining the associations between variations in sleep–wake patterns and attentional networks in samples with greater variation in sleep, as well as the importance of rigorously teasing apart mechanisms of the sleep homeostat from those related to the circadian rhythm in studies examining cognition.
A 10-Year Follow-up on Arthroscopic Medial Plica Syndrome Treatments with Special Reference to Related Cartilage Injuries
Authors: Paczesny Lukasz , Zabrzynski Jan , Kentzer Radoslaw , Gryckiewicz Szymon , Lewandowski Bartosz , Szwedowski Dawid , Kruczynski Jacek
Published: December 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that can affect long-term results of arthroscopic resection of medial synovial plica of the knee.

Design

A total of 52 knees in 50 consecutive patients with medial plica syndrome (MPS) were enrolled to prospective study. Preoperatively the age, gender, level of activity, symptoms’ duration, Lysholm knee scoring scale (LKSS), Q angle, range of motion (ROM), and quadriceps output torque (QOT) were recorded. The plica was then arthroscopically excised while plica morphological type and cartilage lesions (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] classification) were registered. The postoperative evaluation was done after 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 3 years, and 10 years. The final assessment after 10 years covered LKSS, ROM, QOT, and was enriched with functional tests: the single leg squat test (SLS), the modified Ober test (MO), and the manual palpation of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO).

Results

The mean LKSS increased from 52 (15-85, SD 16.479) preoperative to 80 (48-100, SD 15.711) at final follow-up examination. A significant negative correlation was found between LKSS and the patients’ age. Cartilage lesions higher than ICRS 1 significantly decreased the final LKSS. Results were significantly better in the subgroups with normal outcome of functional tests.

Conclusions

Clinical results of arthroscopic plica resection are better in patients without coexisting cartilage lesions. Poor neuromuscular control may contribute to abnormal patella tracking, leading to both medial plica irritation and further cartilage deterioration.
The Perimensical Capsule: Potential Supporting Structure Surrounding Meniscus
Authors: Yin Xiang Yun , Chung Jun Young , Park Do Young , Song Hyung Keun , Kim Byeong Kook , Bae Hee Won , Park Ki Hoon , Min Byoung-Hyun
Published: December 2019

This study analyzed the morphological and biomechanical characteristics of perimeniscal capsule in knee joint thus establishing the roles of these tissues. A total of 10 human cadaver knees were used in this study. Medial meniscus and the adjacently surrounding joint capsules were harvested then sectioned both axially and coronally, followed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The medial meniscus (anterior, middle, posterior) and the adjacent perimeniscal capsules (superior, peripheral) were biomechanically assessed to ascertain the tensile modulus. Among the perimeniscal capsules, the peripherally located capsules were morphologically different from the superiorly located capsules: The peripheral perimeniscal capsule was thicker and showed circumferentially oriented fibers whereas the superior perimeniscal capsule fibers were thinner and arranged in vertical orientation. The peripheral capsule also yielded significantly greater tensile modulus compared with the superior capsule biomechanically. We conclude that depending on its anatomical location, the perimeniscal capsule consists of fibers of varying orientations. This may be important in maintaining the circumferential hoop tension of the meniscus especially in the presence of circumferentially oriented and thick peripheral capsule fibers, which coincidentally have higher tensile modulus.
In Search of a Simple and Reliable Method of Measuring Intra-abdominal Pressure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Thangarasa Tharshika , Foisy Dana , Leidecker Julie , Corsi Daniel J. , Meggison Hilary , Blew Brian , Warren Jeffery , Zimmerman Deborah
Published: December 2019

Background:

Patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) are at increased risk of developing mechanical complications such as dialysate leaks and hernias thought to be partially related to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) secondary to dialysate in the abdomen. However, measurement of IAP requires specialized equipment that is not readily available in the home dialysis unit.

Objectives:

To develop a reliable method of measuring IAP in PD patients that could be easily used in the home dialysis unit. We hypothesized that the handheld Stryker pressure monitor would be suitable for this purpose via connection to the PD catheter.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

Tertiary Care Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Patients:

Patients who were having a PD catheter inserted via laparoscopic surgery at The Ottawa Hospital were recruited for the study.

Measurements:

With the patients at end-expiration, the IAP measured with the Stryker monitor connected to the PD catheter was compared with the insufflator pressures of 15, 10, and 5 mm Hg.

Methods:

Bland-Altman plots were constructed and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for each pressure.

Results:

Twelve patients participated in the study: 9 men and 3 women. They were on average 53 ± 15 years old and 81 ± 13.4 kg. Two patients had to be excluded from the analysis due to difficulties zeroing the Stryker pressure monitor at the time of surgery. There were also rapid fluctuations in the insufflator pressure recording, creating additional challenges in comparing the 2 measurements at end-expiration. The 95% limits of agreement for the Bland-Altman plots ranged from 7.9 (@15 mm Hg) to 12.2 (@10 mm Hg). The intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability of the individual measurements ranged from 0.015 (10 mm Hg) to 0.634 (15 mm Hg).

Limitations:

Small sample size and lack of a gold standard comparator may have affected our results.

Conclusions:

In our study, we used the operating room insufflator as the gold standard for measuring IAP. By Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients, the pressure values obtained with the Stryker pressure monitor were not a reliable estimate of insufflator IAP especially at lower pressures. Further studies are needed to identify an ideal tool for measurement of IAP to guide PD management.
SiPP (Stroke in Pregnancy and Postpartum): A prospective, observational, international, multicentre study on pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical profile, management and outcome of cerebrovascular diseases in pregnant and postpartum women
Authors: Lorenzano Svetlana , Kremer Christine , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Jovanovic Dejana R , Sandset Else Charlotte , Christensen Hanne , Bushnell Cheryl , Arsovska Anita , Sprigg Nikola , Roffe Christine , Ijäs Petra , Gdovinova Zuzana , Alexandrov Anne , Zedde Marialuisa , Tassi Rossana , Acciaresi Monica , Lantz Maria , Sunnerhagen Katharina , Zarkov Marija , Rantanen Kirsi , Perren Fabienne , Iversen Helle K , Kruuse Christina , Slowik Agnieszka , Palazzo Paola , Korv Janika , Fromm Annette , Lovrencic-Huzjan Arijana , Korompoki Eleni , Fonseca Ana Catarina , Gall Seana L , Brunner Freimuth , Caso Valeria , Sacco Simona ,   for the SiPP Trial Investigators and ESO-WISE Group
Published: December 2019

Rationale

Cerebrovascular diseases associated with pregnancy and postpartum period are uncommon; however, they can have an important impact on health of both women and foetus or newborn.

Aims

To evaluate the frequency, characteristics and management of cerebrovascular events in pregnant/postpartum women, to clarify pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the occurrence of these events including biomolecular aspects, and to assess the short- and long-term cerebrovascular and global cardiovascular outcome of these patients, their predictors and infant outcome.

Methods and design

This is an observational, prospective, multicentre, international case–control study. The study will include patients with cerebrovascular events during pregnancy and/or within six months after delivery. For each included case, two controls will be prospectively recruited: one pregnant or puerperal subject without any history of cerebrovascular event and one non-pregnant or non-puerperal subject with a recent cerebrovascular event. All controls will be matched by age, ethnicity and type of cerebrovascular event with their assigned cases. The pregnant controls will be matched also by pregnancy weeks/trimester. Follow-up will last 24 months for the mother and 12 months for the infant.

To better understand causes and outcomes of uncommon conditions like pregnancy/postpartum-related cerebrovascular events, the development of multisite, multidisciplinary registry-based studies, such as the Stroke in Pregnancy and Postpartum study, is needed in order to collect an adequate number of patients, draw reliable conclusions and give definite recommendations on their management.
Extending the Discussion: Intonation Pedagogy for Bowed Stringed Instruments, Part 1
Authors: Gardner Robert D.
Published: December 2019

There are many factors that influence the ability to play with accurate intonation, and this Part 1 “Extending the Discussion” article provides background on string intonation, including the physics of intonation, the relationship between stringed instrument technique and intonation, and how students learn to play with accurate intonation. Following this background presentation, teachers can find a list of recommended resources for helping students develop intonation skills.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Circulation Markers of Inflammation in Patients With Depression
Authors: Saleptsis Vasileios , Papaliaga Maria , Spanos Konstantinos , Kouvelos George , Labropoulos Nicos , Halaris Angelos , Giannoukas Athanasios
Published: December 2019

Objective:

Growing evidence indicates that depressive disorders (DDs) are an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) and circulation inflammation markers in patients with DD.

Methods:

A cross-sectional prospective study was undertaken comparing 40 patients with DD to 40 individuals free of depression, matched for age and gender. The Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, P-selectin, and E-selectin levels were measured. The CCA-IMT was assessed with duplex sonography.

Results:

Patients with DD were more likely to smoke (65% vs 40%; P = .03) and have higher levels of serum total cholesterol (211 mg/dL vs 181 mg/dL; P = .010), triglycerides (138 mg/dL vs 97 mg/dL; P = .005), and P-selectin (0.87 ng/mL vs 0.61 ng/mL; P = .05) and lower levels of interleukin 6 (4.4 ± 2.1 pg/mL vs 10.3 ± 1.1 pg/mL; P = .002). The CCA-IMT was similar in both groups (0.07 ± 0.02 cm vs 0.06 ± 0.01 cm; P = .31). Among those with CCA-IMT in the upper quartile, subjects in the DD group had lower levels of interleukin 6 ( P = .05) and triglycerides ( P = .01) and higher levels of soluble P-selectin ( P = .03).

Conclusion:

Patients with DD do not present with higher CCA-IMT than a control group, although smoking and a higher level of serum lipids are present. Inflammatory biomarkers seem to be higher in patients with DD.
Correlations of water iodine concentration to earlier goitre frequency in Sweden—an iodine sufficient country with long-term iodination of table salt
Authors: Manousou Sofia , Stål Maja , Eggertsen Robert , Hoppe Michael , Hulthén Lena , Filipsson Nyström Helena
Published: December 2019

Background

Before iodination of Swedish table salt in 1936, iodine deficiency resulting in goitre and hypothyroidism was common. Sweden has become iodine sufficient, as shown in a national survey in 2007, proving its iodination fortification programme effective for the general population. The objective of this study was to collect drinking water from water treatment plants nationally and test if water iodine concentration (WIC) correlated to urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of school-aged children in a national survey 2007 to former goitre frequency in 1929 and to thyroid volume data in 2007.

Methods

In 2012, 166 treatment plants, located in 57% (166 of 290) of all Swedish municipalities, were asked to collect drinking water samples of approximately 10 ml. In 2007, tap water samples of the same volume were collected from 30 randomly selected schools for the national survey. Analysis of WIC was done in both treatment plants in 2012 (n = 166) and tap water in 2007 (n = 30). The correlation of WIC to the children’s UIC and thyroid volume after iodination was tested based on data from the national survey in 2007. The association of WIC to former goitre frequency was tested based on pre-iodination data, derived from a map of goitre frequency drawn in 1929.

Results

The median WIC from water treatment plants was 4.0 μg/L (range 0–27 μg/L). WIC was similar in coastal and inland areas, for both ground and surface water.

WIC correlated with historical goitre areas and was lower in the goitre areas than in non-goitre areas (p < 0.001). WIC in the same municipalities as the schools correlated with the UIC of children (p < 0.01), but not with their thyroid volume.

Conclusions

WIC still contributes to iodine nutrition in Sweden, but iodination overrides the goitre effect.
Prenatal and neonatal factors involved in the development of childhood allergic diseases in Guangzhou primary and middle school students
Authors: Yu Bolan , Dai Lijuan , Chen Juanjuan , Sun Wen , Chen Jingsi , Du Lili , Deng Nali , Chen Dunjin
Published: December 2019

Background

Allergic diseases, such as asthma, dermatitis, rhinitis, and eczema, are highly prevalent in Chinese school children. Environmental factors, including air pollution and automobile exhaust, play an important role in the etiology of these diseases. However, prenatal and neonatal factors, such as gender, maternal diseases during pregnancy, and premature birth, may also be associated with allergic disease occurrence. The objective of this study was to explore prenatal and neonatal factors that are involved in the development of allergic diseases among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou, China.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was launched by the Health Promotion Centre for Primary and Secondary Schools of the Guangzhou Municipality in October 2017. All primary and middle school students in Guangzhou were notified to participate in the questionnaire online under the direction of their parents. The results of the physical examination were reported by the schools’ medical department. The results of the questionnaire were collected and analyzed by the researchers. The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, and eczema was identified.

Results

Based on reported 183,449 questionnaires and medical records, the data indicate that the sex, birth weight, neonatal feeding type, delivery mode, and students’ father smoking status were significantly associated with the prevalence of all four allergic diseases in primary and middle school children. In further stratified analyses of the children with normal birth weight (2500–4000 g) and without any maternal diseases during pregnancy, the factors of male sex, high birth weight, cesarean delivery, and father smoking status all increased the risk of asthma, dermatitis, rhinitis, and eczema. Also, unlike exclusive breastfeeding, breast plus formula feeding increased these risks, but pure formula feeding had the opposite effect.

Conclusion

Prenatal and neonatal factors, including male sex, high birth weight, cesarean delivery, only child, and father smoking status are associated with the risks of allergic diseases in school children.
Association between severe unaddressed dental needs and developmental health at school entry in Canada: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Janus Magdalena , Reid-Westoby Caroline , Lee Catherine , Brownell Marni , Maguire Jonathon L.
Published: December 2019

Background

Dental problems are the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, with up to half of all kindergarten children having tooth decay. However, there is a lack of evidence of whether unaddressed dental needs (UDNs) are associated with children’s developmental health, a concept reflecting holistic child development - encompassing physical, emotional, and cognitive development. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between UDNs and developmental health among kindergarten children using the Early Development Instrument (EDI).

Methods

We examined associations between teacher reported UDNs and developmental vulnerability on the EDI. Children were included in the study if they were enrolled in kindergarten in publicly-funded schools in Canada between 2010 and 2015, had been in the classroom for at least one month, and had no more than 25% of missing items on the questionnaire.

Results

Among 576,264 children who met inclusion criteria (95.4% of eligible children), 2465 (0.4%) were identified as having UDNs by their teachers. Children with UDNs had 4.58 to 8.27 times higher odds of being vulnerable on any of the five developmental domains (physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive development, communication skills and general knowledge), compared to children without UDNs.

Conclusion

In this study, teacher-reported UDNs were associated with developmental vulnerability in kindergarten children. Teacher reported unmet dental needs in kindergarten children may be a proxy for poor developmental health at school entry, and thus a marker for supporting both children’s oral health and early developmental needs.
Parallel comparison of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from the surgically removed hyperplastic synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhang Linlin , Cheng Chao , Shan Wenshan , Ma Ruixiang , Yin Zongsheng , Zhu Chen
Published: December 2019

Background

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are essential cellular components in inflammatory joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite the growing use of FLS isolated from OA and RA patients, a detailed functional and parallel comparison of FLS from these two types of arthritis has not been performed.

Methods

In the present study, FLS were isolated from surgically removed synovial tissues from twenty-two patients with OA and RA to evaluate their basic cellular functions.

Results

Pure populations of FLS were isolated by a sorting strategy based on stringent marker expression (CD45−CD31−CD146−CD235a−CD90+PDPN+). OA FLS and RA FLS at the same passage (P2-P4) exhibited uniform fibroblast morphology. OA FLS and RA FLS expressed a similar profile of cell surface antigens, including the fibroblast markers VCAM1 and ICAM1. RA FLS showed a more sensitive inflammatory status than OA FLS with regard to proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammatory gene expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. In addition, the responses of OA FLS and RA FLS to both the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory drug methotrexate (MTX) were also evaluated here.

Conclusion

The parallel comparison of OA FLS and RA FLS lays a foundation in preparation for when FLS are considered a potential therapeutic anti-inflammatory target for OA and RA.
A novel fluorescent biosensor based on dendritic DNA nanostructure in combination with ligase reaction for ultrasensitive detection of DNA methylation
Authors: Zhang Shu , Huang Jian , Lu Jingrun , Liu Min , Li Yan , Fang Lichao , Huang Hui , Huang Jianjun , Mo Fei , Zheng Junsong
Published: December 2019

Background

DNA methylation detection is indispensable for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases including malignancies. Hence, it is crucial to develop a simple, sensitive, and specific detection strategy.

Methods

A novel fluorescent biosensor was developed based on a simple dual signal amplification strategy using functional dendritic DNA nanostructure and signal-enriching polystyrene microbeads in combination with ligase detection reaction (LDR). Dendritic DNA self-assembled from Y-DNA and X-DNA through enzyme-free DNA catalysis of a hairpin structure, which was prevented from unwinding at high temperature by adding psoralen. Then dendritic DNA polymer labeled with fluorescent dye Cy5 was ligated with reporter probe into a conjugate. Avidin-labeled polystyrene microbeads were specifically bound to biotin-labeled capture probe, and hybridized with target sequence and dendritic DNA. LDR was triggered by adding Taq ligase. When methylated cytosine existed, the capture probe and reporter probe labeled with fluorescent dye perfectly matched the target sequence, forming a stable duplex to generate a fluorescence signal. However, after bisulfite treatment, unmethylated cytosine was converted into uracil, resulting in a single base mismatch. No fluorescence signal was detected due to the absence of duplex.

Results

The obtained dendritic DNA polymer had a large volume. This method was time-saving and low-cost. Under the optimal experimental conditions using avidin-labeled polystyrene microbeads, the fluorescence signal was amplified more obviously, and DNA methylation was quantified ultrasensitively and selectively. The detection range of this sensor was 10−15 to 10−7 M, and the limit of detection reached as low as 0.4 fM. The constructed biosensor was also successfully used to analyze actual samples.

Conclusion

This strategy has ultrasensitivity and high specificity for DNA methylation quantification, without requiring complex processes such as PCR and enzymatic digestion, which is thus of great value in tumor diagnosis and biomedical research.
Using transfer learning for smart building management system
Authors: Pardamean Bens , Muljo Hery Harjono , Cenggoro Tjeng Wawan , Chandra Bloomest Jansen , Rahutomo Reza
Published: December 2019

In building management, energy optimization is one of the main concern that needs to be automated. For automation, an intelligent system needs to be developed. However, an intelligent system needs to be trained in a large dataset before it can be used reliably. In this paper, we present a transfer learning scheme to develop an intelligent system for smart building management system. Specifically, the intelligent system is able to count human inside a room, which can be utilized to adaptively adjust energy usage in a room. The transfer learning scheme employs a deep learning model that is pretrained on ImageNet dataset. To enable the human counting capability, the model is trained on a dataset specifically collected for human counting case.
Report of the first AKI Round Table meeting: an initiative of the ESICM AKI Section
Authors: Ostermann M. , Schneider A. , Rimmele T. , Bobek I. , van Dam M. , Darmon M. , Forni L. , Joannes-Boyau O. , Joannidis M. , Legrand M. , Prowle J. , Zarbock A. , Hoste E.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Critical Care Nephrology is an emerging sub-specialty of Critical Care. Despite increasing awareness about the serious impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal replacement therapy (RRT), important knowledge gaps persist. This report represents a summary of a 1-day meeting of the AKI section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) identifying priorities for future AKI research.

Methods

International Members of the AKI section of the ESICM were selected and allocated to one of three subgroups: “AKI diagnosis and evaluation”, “Medical management of AKI” and “Renal Replacement Therapy for AKI.” Using a modified Delphi methodology, each group identified knowledge gaps and developed potential proposals for future collaborative research.

Results

The following key research projects were developed: Systematic reviews: (a) epidemiology of AKI with stratification by patient cohorts and diagnostic criteria; (b) role of higher blood pressure targets in patients with hypertension admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, and (c) specific clearance characteristics of different modalities of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Observational studies: (a) epidemiology of critically ill patients according to AKI duration, and (b) current clinical practice of CRRT.

Intervention studies:( a) Comparison of different blood pressure targets in critically ill patients with hypertension, and (b) comparison of clearance of solutes with various molecular weights between different CRRT modalities.

Conclusion

Consensus was reached on a future research agenda for the AKI section of the ESICM.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЧЕРТ И СТРУКТУРЫ ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТА МОЛОДЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ РАЗНЫХ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Raufov Sarwar Saidovich , Shilov Sergey Nicolaevich
Published: December 2019

Цель. Целью исследования – явилось выявление особенностей проявления свойств темперамента и его типологических характеристик у молодых русских и таджиков.Метод исследования. Методологической основой исследования опирается на представления И.П. Павлова, Б.М. Теплова, В.М. Русалова о биологической обусловленности формально-динамических свойств индивидуального поведения человека. Для выявления особенностей темперамента был использован опросник для изучения формально-динамических свойств индивидуума (ОФДСИ) В.М. Русалова.Результаты. Показано, что почти половина таджикских юношей проявляют свойства среднеэмоционально среднеактивного типа темперамента, среди девушек к этому типу относится лишь каждая третья, у русских эти показатели имеют обратный характер.Выявлено, что количество параметров, значимо отличающихся от показателей респондентов – русских в группе таджикских юношей больше, нежели в группе девушек. Наиболее заметны различия среди девушек в степени выраженности активности, пластичности и скорости проявления поведенческих проявлений в коммуникативной сфере деятельности, у юношей в предметной сфере.Выводы. Большинству молодых таджиков присущ так называемый «смешанный тип темперамента».Среди молодых таджиков в типе и структуре темперамента выявлены существенные гендерные различия. Девушки более эмоциональны, но менее активны чем юноши.Результаты. Исследования демонстрируют наличие этнических особенностей, как отдельных черт темперамента, так и структуры формально-динамических свойств личности у представителей русской и таджикской этнических групп.Практическое значимость. Результаты данного исследования могут быть использованы в области медицинской психологии, психосоматической медицине, а также в иных областях науки и практической деятельности, связанных с физиологией и психофизиологией, где востребовано знание темперамента представителей разных этносов а также при психологической помощи мигрантам.
АНАЛИЗ ЧАСТОТЫ ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТИ ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ СРЕДИ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ РАБОТНИКОВ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Authors: Derevyannich Evgeny Valeryevich , Balashova Natalia Arlenovna , Yaskevich Roman Anatolyevich , Moskalenko Olga Leonidovna
Published: December 2019

Цель. Изучение частоты встречаемости факторов риска (ФР) сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (CCЗ) среди медицинских работников пожилого возрастаМатериалы и методы. Обследовано 105 сотрудников крупной клинической больницы города Красноярска в возрасте от 60 лет и старше (средний возраст 66 лет). Обследование включало анкетирование, клинические, инструментальные, функциональные и лабораторные методы исследования.Результаты. Была выявлена близкая к популяционной, высокая частота встречаемости основных факторов риска ССЗ среди медицинских работников пожилого возраста крупной клинической больницы города Красноярска. Изучаемая категория лиц, была подвержена курению, злоупотреблению алкоголем, более 70% обследованных имели избыточную массу тела и свыше одной трети ожирение. Среди них чаще встречались лица с отягощенной наследственностью по ССЗ, в сравнении с лицами молодого и среднего возраста. Полученные данные о частоте встречаемости ФР ССЗ среди медицинских работников пожилого возраста определяют необходимость активного выявления среди них ФР ССЗ и повышения внимания к этой категории лиц в ходе диспансеризации, а также пропагандировать здоровый образ жизни (особенно среди лиц среднего, младшего и обслуживающего персонала) и тем самым снижать риск тяжелых сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, таких как инфаркт миокарда и инсульт.Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют сделать выводы о высокой частоте встречаемости ФР ССЗ среди медицинских работников пожилого возраста.