bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big Data Management in the Era of FinTech
Authors: Ennouri Mona Fourati , Mezghani Karim
Published: October 2020

Within the 4th industrial revolution, disruptive technologies spread along the financial value chain giving rise to FinTech phenomenon. In this context, more digitized and useful big data about customers and their transactions are generated. Managers need big data tools in order to get meaningful insights from the huge volumes of such data. Managing this vast amount of data can represent both an opportunity and a challenge for FinTech. This chapter investigates the big data management issues in the context of FinTech and proposes a framework for big data management tools adoption based on expected benefits and challenges.
The Transformation of Payments Industry
Authors: Mahgoub Yasmin Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Mobile payment is an innovative area, which will speedily grow in the coming years. The mobile payments in the European vision stresses as payment industry transformation to the digital economy. This management transformation applied via seamless availability for the users and business in an open cross-country platform, to meet the user requirements and will not hinder the mobile payments industry transformation. Several regulations and directives have been made on the European Union context to realize this vision; however, there is still a challenging road ahead. Directives and regulations legislated to increase the confidence payment transformation and users by instructive the rights and obligations of all mobile payments parties, providing the requirements for transformation such as interoperability, likewise users requisites such as security and customer protection. This chapter provides a brief overview of these directives and raises to some critical matters that have to be taken into consideration for successful management transformation of a pan-European mobile payment service in the Fintech context.
Effect of Treated Polyethylene Waste on some Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar
Authors: Hilal Nahla N. , Nawar Mohammed T. , Al-Hadithi Abdulkader I.
Published: October 2020

In the present work, the properties of Polyethylene Waste cement mortar containing Polyethylene Waste treated by a reactive material are tested and compared with normal Polyethylene Waste and normal cement mortar. The Polyethylene, which is cured by a different reactive material such as: (cement, a fly ash and silica fume) is used as fine as aggregate a volumetric fractional replacing of the sand in a cement mortar. The percent of replacement was 10% by volume, density, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and absorption are tested for all mixes at variable ages. The current results display that the cure of Polyethylene by cement were significantly improves the characteristics of Polyethylene cement mortar. Moreover, the results show that all treatment improved properties of cement mortar as a compared with Polyethylene without treatment.
Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Quality of Recovery-15 questionnaire
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Ki Minjong , Choi Seungseo , Woo Cheol Jong , Kim Deokkyu , Lim Hyungsun , Kim Dong-Chan
Published: October 2020

Background: The qulity of recovery-40 questionnaire (QoR-40) has been widely used to assess quality of recovery after surgery, but it is too lengthy for clinical use. The short form of QoR-40, QoR-15, has been validated in many languages; however, an official Korean version of the QoR-15 (QoR-15K) has not yet been established. This study aimed to develop and validate QoR-15K.Methods: Based on the previously-validated Korean QoR-40, we selected 15 items; the QoR-15K was patterned on the original QoR-15. We analyzed 210 subjects who had been scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. The patients completed the questionnaire before surgery and on postoperative days one and two. The validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the QoR-15K were evaluated. Results: We obtained excellent convergent validity on visual analog scale for recovery (VAS) (ρ = 0.88, P < 0.001). The duration of anesthesia, post-anesthesia care unit, and overall hospital stay with the QoR-15K showed a significant negative correlation (ρ = -0.183, -0.151, and -0.185, respectively). Cronbach’s α was 0.909. Cohen’s effect size and standardized response mean were 0.819 and 0.721. The recruitment and completion rate were 92.9% and 100%, respectively. We based the above calculations on the results obtained on the first day following surgery.Conclusions: The validity and reliability of the QoR-15K are comparable to those of the English version. The QoR-15K would be a good instrument to assess the quality of recovery in Korean patients after surgery.
La Educación superior durante la contingencia sanitaria COVID-19: Uso de las TIC como herramientas de aprendizaje. Caso de estudio: alumnos de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración
Authors: Sapién Aguilar Alma Lilia , Piñón Howlet Laura Cristina , Gutiérrez Diez María Del Carmen , Bordas Beltrán José Luis
Published: October 2020

Las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el sector educativo tienen una relevancia importante en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de los estudiantes y en el conocimiento de las competencias para la vida. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el uso de las TIC como herramientas de aprendizaje ante la contingencia COVID-19 en los alumnos de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua en México. La naturaleza de esta investigación fue cuantitativa y el tipo de investigación fue de forma aplicada, el alcance fue descriptivo y la investigación de campo, el diseño fue no experimental transeccional descriptivo, la técnica de recolección de información fue mediante un cuestionario. Los resultados revelaron una correlación positiva hacia las tecnologías de información y comunicación, que se evidencia en diferentes aspectos examinados: estilo de aprendizaje, dominio en el uso de las TIC, redes sociales, programa educativo, nivel de satisfacción de contar con los recursos tecnológicos apropiados, entre otras; en todas ellas se manifiesta una predisposición favorable. Las ventajas que los estudiantes consideran con el uso de las TIC son la disponibilidad de información y aprendizaje colaborativo. De las desventajas que se identificaron fueron las fallas en la conexión de Internet, tienen acceso a muchas distracciones durante la clase y consideran que tienen un menor aprendizaje. Uno de los hallazgos más importantes de esta investigación fue que los estudiantes tienen muy buen dominio de las TIC para manejar las herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas durante la contingencia sanitaria del COVID-19.
El coronavirus en el ecosistema de los dispositivos móviles: creadores, discursos y recepción
Authors: Gil-Torres Alicia , Martín-Quevedo Juan , Gómez-García Salvador , San José-De la Rosa Cristina
Published: October 2020

Introducción: Esta investigación explora el impacto de la crisis de la COVID-19 en el ecosistema de las aplicaciones móviles. Metodología: Se parte de la búsqueda y localización de apps sobre COVID19 en las plataformas Google Play y Apple Store para seleccionar aquellas de mayor impacto y difusión a las que se practicó un análisis cuantitativo. Resultados: La investigación se ha centrado en cuatro aspectos: (1) la aparición de estas aplicaciones y su evolución a tenor de la actualidad durante los primeros meses del año 2020; (2) las características, propósitos y rasgos del discurso; (3) qué rasgos identificaron a los emisores y, por último, (4) la recepción que hicieron los usuarios sobre las apps. Discusión: los dos grandes tipos de desarrolladores (entidades gubernamentales e iniciativas privadas) se centraron en aplicaciones de control y diagnóstico de la enfermedad junto a otras que trataban de paliar la creciente demanda de información.
Las fake news durante el Estado de Alarma por COVID-19. Análisis desde el punto de vista político en la prensa española
Authors: Román-San-Miguel Aránzazu , Sánchez-Gey-Valenzuela Nuria , Elías-Zambrano Rodrigo
Published: October 2020

Introducción: Desde que en diciembre de 2019 se empezara a hablar en España sobre el coronavirus que estaba afectando a China, los rumores y las noticias imprecisas poblaron el mundo. Cuando la enfermedad llegó a Europa, la proliferación de información se multiplicó. Desde que se decretara el Estado de Alarma, los bulos y las fake news han sido una constante, que se ha reflejado en las informaciones de los medios de comunicación. Metodología: En este trabajo se analizan las informaciones publicadas en la prensa española sobre fake news relacionadas con la política, las polémicas declaraciones del jefe del Estado Mayor de la Guardia Civil y las redes sociales; para conocer el volumen de noticias y el tratamiento que los medios han hecho de ellas. Se ha usado una metodología mixta, cualitativa/cuantitativa con el apoyo de la herramienta MAXQDA 2020. Resultados: Tras el análisis de 229 textos se puede afirmar que el tema del que se han publicado más informaciones relacionadas con fake news es política (48,47%), seguido de las redes sociales (28,8%) y las polémicas declaraciones del jefe del Estado Mayor de la Guardia Civil (22,7%); aunque en todo momento el debate político ha estado presente en las informaciones. Discusión: Este trabajo abre una línea de investigación sobre si se puede limitar la propagación de informaciones perjudiciales en una pandemia o si está por encima la libertad de expresión. Conclusiones: Los medios que se sitúan en la derecha ideológica, han publicado más informaciones con mayor contenido político (73,87%), frente a los medios de izquierda con solo un 26,13%.
La transparencia institucional y mediática del coronavirus. Un análisis de los portales de datos y de los medios de comunicación digitales en Iberoamérica
Authors: Díez-Garrido María , Renedo Farpón Cristina
Published: October 2020

Introducción. La emergencia sanitaria producida por el virus COVID-19 ha tenido diversas consecuencias en el panorama institucional y en el mediático. Ante una situación de esta magnitud, las instituciones gubernamentales han tenido que introducir medidas de transparencia en sus rutinas diarias para ofrecer a la ciudadanía una información actualizada y de calidad sobre la pandemia. Esto ha afectado también a las prácticas periodísticas, ya que el volumen de información dedicada al coronavirus ha ido en aumento en los medios de comunicación. El periodismo de datos se presenta como una de las fórmulas más recurrentes de los medios de comunicación digitales, con el desarrollo de mapas y gráficos que utilizan los datos oficiales. Metodología. Este trabajo de investigación pretende conocer, por un lado, el grado de transparencia informativa de los gobiernos de Iberoamérica sobre la enfermedad, así como el desarrollo del periodismo abierto, el periodismo de datos y otras prácticas por parte de los medios de comunicación para informar sobre el coronavirus. Para ello, se ha elaborado una evaluación de los portales de información sobre el COVID-19 de 12 países iberoamericanos y de los dos medios digitales más relevantes de cada país. Conclusiones. A pesar del enorme esfuerzo realizado por las instituciones para informar a la ciudadanía de la emergencia sanitaria, los portales de transparencia presentan diversas deficiencias. Los medios de comunicación, por su parte, han desarrollado principalmente el periodismo de datos, pero no han fomentado la transparencia mediática ni la participación de la ciudadanía en la elaboración de contenidos.
Sesgos cognitivos en la comunicación y prevención de la COVID-19
Authors: Cerezo Prieto Marta
Published: October 2020

Introducción: Para que los gobiernos promuevan la salud pública de manera efectiva en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19, deben de fomentar medidas y restricciones en el comportamiento de sus ciudadanos sin caer en un estado policial. Las ciencias del comportamiento ofrecen una serie de explicaciones, como los sesgos cognitivos, que pueden servir como punto de partida para comprender el no cumplimiento de las medidas sanitarias. Metodología: Para ello, se realiza una revisión de los sesgos cognitivos que irrumpen en el proceso de toma de decisiones, incluyendo el de aversión a la pérdida, el efecto de arrastre, la autopercepción optimista o el de disponibilidad. Asimismo, se exponen algunas medidas como el diseño de comunicaciones o las herramientas nudge para enfrentarse a ellos. Resultados: Pese a los intentos de concientizar a la población mediante campañas de divulgación y educación, es posible incluir otras herramientas que responden a los problemas de atención o de toma de decisiones de la población, basadas en simplificar, enmarcar y adecuar los contenidos de los mensajes al público objetivo, así como la inclusión de elementos que faciliten la adopción de nuevos hábitos. La progresiva vuelta a hábitos que requieren contacto social conlleva que los agentes públicos se reinventen en el proceso de promoción de nuevos estilos de vida, incluyendo la desinfección de manos, el uso de mascarilla o la distancia interpersonal.
A vida é um grande reality show
Authors: Dugnani Patricio
Published: October 2020

Os reality shows, como simulacros, constituem uma hiper-realidade, através da produção de mitos, num processo de naturalização de discursos, que visam persuadir e convencer a audiência, a consumir aquela vida representada, virtual, objeto sagrado a ser profanado. Por isso a proliferação de reality shows, é preciso manter os espetáculos, para que possam ser consumidos pela audiência insaciável, mantendo-se, assim, o ciclo incessante de consumo, que alimenta nossa sociedade, baseada, justamente, no próprio consumo. Pretende-se com essa análise afirmar que o reality show atingiu o status de simulacro, e que ele preenche o nossos vazios, com um real que nada mais são do que produtos e sonhos.
O encouraçado Potemkin, Outubro e a Revolução russa
Authors: Asterito Lapera Pedro Vinicius
Published: October 2020

Este artigo pretende analisar os modos pelos quais os elementos estéticos em Eisenstein situaram e trataram certos dados históricos, deslocando-os do campo cognitivo para a criação artística. Desse modo, as questões a serem abordadas são: a) que tipo de narrativa histórica Outubro e O encouraçado Potemkin revelam ao espectador? e b) a partir de quais parâmetros é possível avaliar essas narrativas? Escolhemos como corpus deste artigo os filmes O encouraçado Potemkin e Outubro pelo fato de estes remontarem às grandes turbulências do período prérevolucionário, isto é, a revolta de 1905 e o período imediatamente anterior à Revolução russa.
Campanhas eleitorais
Authors: De Oliveira Pozobon Rejane , Dembogurski Ribeiro Andressa
Published: October 2020

O campo político está constituído por um “espetáculo político-midiático” (Weber, 2011) que altera e dinamiza a sua relação com o campo midiático. Os acontecimentos políticos se esquematizam na luta de poderes entre estes dois campos, e é neste sentido que as campanhas eleitorais têm se delineado de distintas formas em cada pleito. A busca por visibilidade alterou as formas de construção dos políticos na mídia. Além disso, a constante evolução tecnológica obriga os candidatos a pensarem em diferentes estratégias de divulgação de seus pensamentos e de aproximação com o público eleitor. Objetivamos então entender como são construídas e que estratégias são empregadas nas campanhas eleitorais, além de construir um apanhado das estratégias empregadas ao longo das campanhas, com foco nas atuais estratégias de personalização (Charaudeau, 2016; Carvalho, 2010; Marques, 2016) e dramatização (Charaudeau, 2016; Ribeiro, 2004; WEBER, 2011).
Boatos em rede social no contexto da sociedade midiatizada
Authors: Martinuzzo José Antonio , Tessarolo Bastos Marcela
Published: October 2020

Este artigo deriva de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre redes sociais digitais e o tipo de informação que circula em grupos fechados no Facebook. Os boatos disseminados em rede nos chamaram a atenção e fomos tentar identificá-los, categorizá-los de acordo com os tipos de boatos propostos por Kapferer (1993), além de observar como se dá uma possível reparação do erro de difusão de informação não confirmada. Por meio de etnografia, fizemos um trabalho de observação diária no grupo fechado no Facebook, o Utilidade Capixaba– ES – UP. Em oito meses, foi possível confirmar 18 casos de boatos nos dois sentidos propostos por Renard (2007a), boato como informação não verificada e boato como falsa informação. Nota-se que o administrador da página retira do ar o post inicial, mas mantém as repercussões. Os próprios membros postam a informação correta no grupo, o chamado “filtro social”, observado por Clay Shirky (2010).
Midiatização, crise da enunciação jornalística e a multiplicidade de enunciadores
Authors: Borelli Viviane
Published: October 2020

Os jornais desenvolvem estratégias para adequar-se à ambiência da midiatização, mas, muitas vezes, demonstram não saber que caminho tomar diante da protagonização do leitor, do predomínio de material noticioso que circula nas redes sociais e do atravessamento de múltiplas enunciações. O objetivo do artigo é mostrar operações que indiquem como o processo de enunciação jornalística é afetado pela midiatização. Para isso, fez-se entrevistas com editores para compreender como as enunciações dos leitores são problematizadas e transformadas no fazer jornalístico. Foram coletados materiais noticiosos publicados por sete jornais do interior gaúcho. Além disso, analisaram-se marcas discursivas deixadas por leitores no ambiente digital que apontem para a emergência de outras enunciações além da jornalística.
A desintegração do modelo de negócios do jornalismo e tentativas para financiar reportagens de qualidade na internet
Authors: Mauricio Patricia
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa sobre a disrupção do jornalismo tradicional, e busca mostrar como a internet colocou em xeque o modelo de negócios dos jornais tradicionais, tanto impressos como na web. O texto coteja o relatório de inovação do The New York Times, suas consequências e o novo relatório lançado em 2017 com mudanças que estão ocorrendo nos jornais cariocas O Globo, Extra e Expresso. O artigo avalia a base financeira desta desintegração de modelo e faz uma análise de caso de duas tentativas de fazer jornalismo de qualidade na internet: o Projeto Colabora e a Agência Pública. O conceito de inovação disruptiva de Christensen, e autores como Bauman e Anderson auxiliam na compreensão do que ocorre a partir das mudanças tecnológicas. A conclusão é de que o novo modelo para o jornalismo será encontrado por tentativa e erro e com veículos concentrados em nichos.
A Review of Combined Regenerative Suspension and Electromagnetic Braking system
Authors: Nikita Sutar and Dominic Jibin James Prof. Gaffar G. Momin, Rushikesh Barve, Manasi Shah,
Published: October 2020

Considering the rate of depletion of the available oil-based fuels, Renewable Energy Technologies are
receiving significant attention in these years. It is, therefore, necessary to find alternatives to energy sources.
This project focusses on one such alternative. A study is done on a vehicle suspension system and braking
system. Suspension in vehicles produces linear vibrations due to the roughness on the roads. These
vibrations are absorbed the shock absorbers and dissipated in the form of heat. In the case of a conventional
braking system,a huge amount of heat is lost due to friction. This study proposes a design of a system where
the heat lost in the suspension system is extracted, converted into a usable form of electrical energy and
stored in batteries. This stored energy is further used in the operation of electromagnet powered brakes.
Using the Regenerative Suspension System reduces the waste of energy in the shock absorbers and gives an
alternative energy source and use of the Electromagnetic Braking System ensures frictionless braking. Thus,
the overall consumption of energy is reduced by a notable amount.
Embodying Charismatic Affect(If): the Example of Bruce Lee
Authors: Brown David Hugh Kendall
Published: October 2020

While the concept of charisma is widely used in the social sciences, its embodied nature is less thoroughly explored and theorised. This paper revisits the key embodied characteristics of Weber's sociology of charisma and re-interprets these using Shilling's (2005, 2013) umbrella notions of the body as a source and location of and means for society as a way of analysing the idea of the charismatic body as a force for social change. It then draws on a range of embodied concepts to illuminate how charisma is significant channel of infra and inter-corporeal affective interaction between "leaders" and their followers. In particular, Freund's (2009) social synaesthesia and bio-agency, Massumi's (2002) perspective of affect and the moving body, Thrift's (2010) charismatic celebrity, allure and glamour, Mellor and Shilling's (1997) sensual solidarities, and Seyfert's (2012) conception of affectif. To develop and illustrate this perspective of the charismatically affective body in action, the life of film star and martial artist Bruce Lee (1940–1973) is utilised.
“In a strange feast hangoverˮ: the drama of the Russian intelligentsia of the early 20th century
Authors: Akhunzyanova Farida
Published: October 2020

The Russian intelligentsia at the beginning of the 20th century is characterized by a steady need for unity with the world. This need takes on an intertextual character, flowing into the interaction of ideas and cultural codes leading to the attainment of the status of Homo Cosmicus. One of these codes is a feast. The purpose of the author of the article is to reconstruct the lifecreation of the Russian intelligentsia at the beginning of the 20th century through the prism of an ancient feast. It seems that in the conditions of intense spiritual searches, in the struggle to find wholeness and completeness of human life, turning to antiquity became a truly metaphysical idea, where the feast was a significant cultural constant. In the process of moving to the highest point of spiritual development, the antique feast metaphorically reflects the cosmos of being, just as the violation of the order of the feast reflects the violation of the order of being. This is what happens in Russian reality in the first half of the 20th century, where against the backdrop of tragic historical events, the Platonic “feastˮ turns into the vulgar “feastˮ of Petronius. After the revolution of 1917 the intelligentsia, with its own aspirations, found itself at a feast alien to itself, where it could not find a place, and the “hangover” became too heavy and turned into a real drama. Methodological approaches to the problem under study are based on the theoretical basis of modern scientific knowledge, which includes concepts and methods of philosophy (N. A. Berdyaev, P. A. Florensky, D. S. Merezhkovsky, V. V. Rozanov, Vl. S. Solovyov), cultural studies (I. A. Edoshina, M. S. Kagan, Yu. M. Lotman, N. O. Osipova), art history (I. A. Azizyan, A. Payman, A. A. Rusakova, D. V. Sarabyanov), intelligentsia studies (V. S. Memetov, S. M. Usmanov).
USAGE OF PARALLEL RUSSIAN-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-RUSSIAN CORPORA OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SPEECH TEXTS: TEACHING METHODS ASPECT
Authors: Belozerova Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with the compilation and examination of a small-scale Russian-English and English-Russian corpora of political speech texts to contribute to translation studies and their methods of teaching. It describes the steps of corpus creation on Sketch Engine platform that offers a possibility to create an individual research corpus. The article explores the program options to represent translator’s transformations, degree of usability of some constructions and lexical units, equivalence level and its context dependence. The compiled corpus allows for both analysis of lexical and syntactical equivalents of two languages and study of the principles of translation transformations while contrasting the original and its translation. It facilitates in summarizing the translation strategies that can be used for teaching purposes.
HISTORY OF SURREALIST ANTI-MUSICALITY IN THE PRACTICES OF INNOVATIVE RUSSIAN POETRY
Authors: Gorelov Oleg
Published: October 2020

The article provides an overview of key studies of surrealist musicality, highlights the problem of non-acceptance by surrealism of music media, focuses on a historical discussion of the semantics and reality of sound itself as a phenomenon. It also analyzes the basic principles for the implementation of the surrealist antimusicality in the newest Russian poetry. Anti-musicality is now recognized as the principle of working with sound, bypassing the composer, audial culture, based on ideas about harmony and composition. It is in this anti-musical meaning that the musical code is used in poetic practices of the late 20th century, which destroy the reference narrative and overcome the principles of the classic surrealistic collage. The innovative poetic practice conceptualizes not so much ordered repetitive fragments of a statement as a pause between them, a silence. Such a quantization of aesthetic matter returns reflection to the theoretical horizon of understanding the medium, reduced to its physical foundation in order to further overcome it
The Synergy between Burden and Anticipatory Grief among Caregivers of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Calabar Municipality, Nigeria
Authors: Asuquo Ekaete F. , Ella Regina E. , Akpan-Idiok Paulina A. , Osuchkwu Easter E.
Published: October 2020

Contents: Caregiving remains the crux of management in terminal diseases, but little attention is given to the effects of terminal illnesses on the caregivers and the associated anticipatory grief that aggravates caregivers' burden.

Aim: This study assesses the correlations between burden and anticipatory grief experienced among caregivers of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria.

Methods: Correlations and descriptive cross-sessional design were utilized to assess and purposefully recruit 231 eligible caregivers of PLWHA, respectively. Validated revised Zarit Burden Interview scale (ZBI) and Anticipatory Grief Scale were the primary data collection instruments. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.

Results: Study findings revealed that the highest percentage, 36.4% (84) participants experienced a moderate burden, while 22.1% (51) experienced a severe burden. Similarly, the highest percentage, 33.3% (77) of the participants experienced moderate anticipatory grief at the range of 57-76, while 30.7% (71) participants experienced severe anticipatory grief within 77- 135. Positive and significant correlations (r = 0.61, P < 0.05; r = 0.53, P < 0.05; r = 0.66, P < 0.05) were obtained for the relationship between no anticipatory grief/burden; mild anticipatory grief/ burden and severe anticipatory grief/ burden respectively) during the study. These positive correlations revealed a strong synergy between the two variables, caregiver’s burden and anticipatory grief.

Conclusion: As sub-Saharan African disproportionately bears the burden of HIV, more persons will have to take up family caregivers' roles despite the high level of burden and associated anticipatory grief. The need for educational intervention backed by the policy cannot be over-emphasized and should be implemented to enhance and acquaint caregivers on the nature of anticipatory grief and its connection with a terminal disease like HIV/AIDS.
Assessing the Risk Factors of Fall among Hospitalized Adult Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Alsubaie Fatimah T. , Almutary Hayfa H. , Sofar Samah M.
Published: October 2020

Contents: Falls have been widely observed among admitted patients that substantially influence their recovery from illness. Also, the fall events significantly contribute to their prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare costs. Furthermore, patients' fall incidents have proved to be quite costly due to the adverse consequences of fall-related injuries.

Aim: This review aims to identify and analyze the risk factors of falls among adult patients during hospitalization in the relevant research findings.

Methods: The scoping review of the relevant research findings of the risk factors of falls among hospitalized adult patients included 11 relevant studies that were reviewed critically to identify the potential factors increasing patient falls risk. These studies published between 2013-2019 were recruited from authentic databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and EBSCO. The quality of the included studies was also appraised.

Results: This review revealed different factors contribute to increased risk of falls among hospitalized patients like the age of patients, chronic disease, psychotropic and narcotic drugs, urologic conditions, limb amputation, increased use of anti-epileptics, and environmental factors.

Conclusion: Falls are attributable to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors during hospitalization. Identifying the significant factors leading to falling can help nurses and other healthcare staff to develop preventive strategies to alleviate these falls' physical, psychological, and social consequences.
Eksistensi Perjanjian Ditengah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Kunarso Kunarso , Sumaryanto A Djoko
Published: October 2020

Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has a significant impact on all aspects of human life in the world, especially in Indonesia which is very large in area and has a large population (around 267 million people) with different kinds of professions. The purpose of this study is to focus on civil matters, with more emphasis on the problem of agreements that are influenced by Covid-19. The normative legal research method uses a statutory approach, and a conceptual approach to force majeure and describes an analysis (analytical descriptive). The results showed that the agreement in the state of the Covid-19 outbreak greatly influenced the implementation of the agreement set and agreed upon by the parties, because the agreement binds the parties, so the parties are subject to the contents of the agreement.
Greed or Self-Interest? Which is the Driving Force of Capitalism?
Authors:   University of Dayton, USA, Cheung Kwok Tung
Published: October 2020

People commonly believe that greed is the driving force of capitalism, whereas some business scholars argue that it should be self-interest. This distinction is significant to them because acquisitive behaviors motivated by self-interest can be seen as morally neutral and sometimes even virtuous, whereas those motivated by greed are definitely vicious. In this essay, I attempt to show that greed and self-interest are not that different. Thus, the ethical status of competitive business behaviors is not clear. I will first explain why some business scholars believe that the driving force of capitalism is self-interest but not greed. Then I present more sophisticated concepts of greed, self-interest and egoism, so that we may make a sensible comparison that leads to my conclusion. Keywords: greed, self-interest, capitalism, egoism
Normalising Deviance
Authors: Tomanić Trivundža Ilija , Curran Mark
Published: October 2020

Irish photographer Mark Curran presents his on-going project THE MARKET, which is an exploration of the predatory nature of the functioning and condition of global markets. Focusing on financial and commodity exchanges, Curran provides a multi-layered and multimodal investigation of market culture, primarily through interviews and photographic portraits of traders, financial analysts and bankers from Dublin, London, Frankfurt, Addis Ababa and Amsterdam. In the interview, Curran talks about the limitations of using photography to critically represent the intangible and immaterial aspects of the working of the market and its repetitive normalisation of deviance.
Cauda-equinasyndroom, een zeldzame manifestatie bij ankyloserende spondylitis: een patiëntencasus
Authors: Van Valckenborgh L. , Dever J. , Rummens S. , Peers K. , Van Calenbergh F.
Published: October 2020

Het cauda-equinasyndroom (CES) geassocieerd met durale ectasie is een zeldzame neurologische manifestatie bij patiënten met langdurige ankyloserende spondylitis (AS). Deze casus betreft een 67-jarige vrouw die sinds 30 jaar gekend is met AS. Ze meldde zich aan met de typische symptomen van CES, zoals neuropathische radiculaire pijn, krachtsverlies, urinaire incontinentie en zadelanesthesie. Een MRI toonde spinaal dysrafisme, een meningocele, tethering van de conus medullaris en durale ectasie. De elektromyografie was compatibel met CES. De mogelijke behandeling van CES en durale ectasie bij deze patiënt gekend met AS wordt besproken aan de hand van een literatuuroverzicht. Aangezien de neurologische symptomen traag progressief zijn, de pijn behandelbaar is en er risico’s verbonden zijn aan een ingreep, verkoos men een conservatieve aanpak.
Een zeldzame bloeduitstorting in de mond
Authors: Kluyskens A. , Daems L. , Politis C.
Published: October 2020

Hemorragische intraorale bullae omvatten een diverse groep van aandoeningen. Naar aanleiding van een casus wordt het onderscheid tussen de verschillende aandoeningen beschreven, alsook de methode om tot de juiste diagnose te komen.
Records of Tengmalm’s Owl (Aegolius funereus) from the Šar Mts, Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Shurulinkov Peter , Avtanski Dimiter
Published: October 2020

Three localities of the Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) were recorded during a field trip in the Šar Mts, North-western Republic of Macedonia. The study was conducted in October, 2015. The species was found to inhabit spruce and spruce-fir forests at altitudes between 1436 and 1848 m a.s.l. That finding is the first evidence of the presence of the Tengmalm’s owl in the Macedonian part of the Šar Mts and one of the very few published records for the occurrence of the species in the Republic of Macedonia.
Gemmological samples: rock crystal from two localities in the Rhodopes, Bulgaria
Authors: Abadjiev Stanislav
Published: October 2020

The paper comprises gemmological and other data on several specimens of faceted rock crystal gemstones from two localities in the Madan ore field, Smolyan Province, and Krumovgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, of the Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
Bird images in the mosaics of Late Antique basilicas in the town of Sandanski (Blagoevgrad Region, SW Bulgaria)
Authors: Boev Zlatozar
Published: October 2020

This paper presents and analyses for the first time all data on bird images of two Late Antique basilicas of the Roman period (5th-6th c. AD) in the town of Sandanski (SW Bulgaria). A total of eight species have been recognised on the floor mosaics of both basilicas: Anas platyrhynchos, Bucephala clangula, Dendrocygna viduata, Nettapus coromandelianus, Marmaronetta angustirostris, Porphyrio porphyrio, Psittacula krameri, and Sypheotides indicus. Exotic birds of Palaeotropic (Ethiopian) and Indomalayan (Oriental) distribution confirm once again the active ancient Roman contacts with East and Trans-Saharan Africa and the Hindustan Peninsula.
First record of the northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita (Linnaeus, 1758) in Bulgaria
Authors: Boev Zlatozar , Gradev Gradimir , Klisurova Hristina , Klisurov Ivaylo , Petrov Rusko
Published: October 2020

The paper reports on the first record of Geronticus eremita in Bulgaria (13-16 January 2019; town of Karlovo), a specimen released from the captive population in Rosegg Tierpark, Austria and caught alive in the town of Karlovo (CS Bulgaria). Regardless of the attempts to be rescued a few days later, it died.
Determinación de la variabilidad de la curva de duración de caudales por efectos no estacionarios en Colombia
Authors: Gaviria C.J. , Carvajal-Serna L.F.
Published: October 2020

En el presente trabajo, se analizaron los cambios temporales en las curvas de duración de caudales CDC correspondientes a estaciones de caudales diarios en Colombia mediante la aplicación del test no paramétrico de Mann-Kendall, el Estimador de Pendiente de Sen y la pendiente de la regresión lineal de la serie. Se calculan caudales característicos con el fin de revisar tendencias a largo plazo entre distintas magnitudes o porcentajes de excedencia (percentiles 95, 75, 25 y 1). De forma adicional, se estima la tendencia en la desviación estándar en ventanas móviles de 10 años. Se observan tendencias crecientes significativas en las regiones del occidente (Chocó) y nordeste (Bajo cauca) de Colombia, mientras que para tendencias decrecientes no se observa ningún patrón espacial. Se encontraron tendencias con magnitudes entre –0.0068 m3/s/día y 0.047 m3/s/día.
Gravitational separation of Ar∕N2 and age of air in the lowermost stratosphere in airborne observations and a chemical transport model
Authors: Birner Benjamin , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Morgan Eric J. , Stephens Britton B. , Linz Marianna , Feng Wuhu , Wilson Chris , Bent Jonathan D. , Wofsy Steven C. , Severinghaus Jeffrey , Keeling Ralph F.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Accurate simulation of atmospheric circulation,
particularly in the lower stratosphere, is challenging due to unresolved
wave–mean flow interactions and limited high-resolution observations for validation. Gravity-induced pressure gradients lead to a small but
measurable separation of heavy and light gases by molecular diffusion in the
stratosphere. Because the relative abundance of Ar to N2 is exclusively
controlled by physical transport, the argon-to-nitrogen ratio (Ar∕N2)
provides an additional constraint on circulation and the age of air (AoA),
i.e., the time elapsed since entry of an air parcel into the stratosphere. Here we use airborne measurements of N2O and Ar∕N2 from nine
campaigns with global coverage spanning 2008–2018 to calculate AoA and to
quantify gravitational separation in the lowermost stratosphere. To this
end, we develop a new N2O–AoA relationship using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We observe that gravitational separation increases systematically with increasing AoA for samples with AoA between 0 and 3 years. These observations are compared to a simulation of the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT 3-D chemical transport model, which has been updated to include
gravitational fractionation of gases. We demonstrate that although AoA at
old ages is slightly underestimated in the model, the relationship between
Ar∕N2 and AoA is robust and agrees with the observations. This
highlights the potential of Ar∕N2 to become a new AoA tracer that is subject only to physical transport phenomena and can supplement the suite of available AoA indicators.
An AeroCom–AeroSat study: intercomparison of satellite AOD datasets for aerosol model evaluation
Authors: Schutgens Nick , Sayer Andrew M. , Heckel Andreas , Hsu Christina , Jethva Hiren , de Leeuw Gerrit , Leonard Peter J. T. , Levy Robert C. , Lipponen Antti , Lyapustin Alexei , North Peter , Popp Thomas , Poulsen Caroline , Sawyer Virginia , Sogacheva Larisa , Thomas Gareth , Torres Omar , Wang Yujie , Kinne Stefan , Schulz Michael , Stier Philip
Published: October 2020

Abstract. To better understand and characterize current uncertainties in the important observational constraint of climate models of aerosol optical depth (AOD), we evaluate and intercompare
14 satellite products, representing nine different retrieval algorithm families using observations from five different sensors on six different platforms. The satellite products (super-observations consisting of 1∘×1∘ daily aggregated retrievals drawn from the years 2006, 2008 and 2010) are evaluated with AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) data. Results show that different products exhibit different regionally varying biases (both under- and overestimates) that may reach ±50 %, although a typical bias would be 15 %–25 % (depending on the product). In addition to these biases, the products exhibit random errors that can be 1.6 to 3 times as large. Most products show similar performance, although there are a few exceptions with either larger biases or larger random errors. The intercomparison of satellite products extends this analysis and provides spatial context to it. In particular, we show that aggregated satellite AOD agrees much better than the spatial coverage (often driven by cloud masks) within the 1∘×1∘ grid cells. Up to ∼50 % of the difference between satellite AOD is attributed to cloud contamination. The diversity in AOD products shows clear spatial patterns and varies from 10 % (parts of the ocean) to 100 % (central Asia and Australia). More importantly, we show that the diversity may be used as an indication of AOD uncertainty, at least for the better performing products. This provides modellers with a global map of expected AOD uncertainty in satellite products, allows assessment of products away from AERONET sites, can provide guidance for future AERONET locations and offers suggestions for product improvements. We account for statistical and sampling noise in our analyses. Sampling noise, variations due to the evaluation of different subsets of the data, causes important changes in error metrics. The consequences of this noise term for product evaluation are discussed.
Aboveground biomass in Inner Mongolian temperate grasslands
decreases under climate warming
Authors: Wang Guocheng , Luo Zhongkui , Huang Yao , Sun Wenjuan , Wei Yurong , Deng Xi , Zhu Jinhuan , Zhang Wen
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Grassland aboveground biomass (AGB) is a critical component of the global carbon cycle and reflects ecosystem productivity. Although it is widely acknowledged that dynamics of grassland biomass are significantly regulated by climate change, in situ evidence at large spatiotemporal scales is limited. Here, we combine biomass measurements from six long-term (> 30 years) experiments and data in existing literatures to explore the spatiotemporal changes in AGB in Inner Mongolian temperate grasslands. We show that, on average, annual AGB over the past four decades is 2,561 ka ha−1, 1,496 kg ha−1 and 835 kg ha−1, respectively, in meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe in Inner Mongolia. The spatiotemporal changes of AGB are regulated by interactions of climatic attributes, edaphic properties, grazing intensity and grassland type. Using a machine learning-based approach, we map annual AGB (from 1981 to 2100) across the Inner Mongolian grassland at the spatial resolution of 1 km. We find that on the regional scale, meadow steppe has the highest annual AGB, followed by typical and desert steppe. During 1981–2019, the average annual AGB generally exhibited a declining trend across all the three types of grassland. Under future climate warming, AGB in the study region could continue to decrease. On average, compared with the historical AGB (i.e., average of 1981–2019), the AGB at the end of this century (i.e., average of 2080–2100) would decrease by 14 % under RCP4.5 and 28 % under RCP8.5, respectively. The decreases in AGB under warming show large disparities across different grassland types and future climate change scenarios. Our results demonstrate the accuracy of predictions in AGB using a machine learning-based approach driven by several readily obtainable environmental variables; and provide new data at large scale and fine resolution extrapolated from field measurements.
New approach to evaluate satellite derived XCO2 over oceans by integrating ship and aircraft observations
Authors: Müller Astrid , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Sugita Takafumi , Machida Toshinobu , Nakaoka Shin-ichiro , Patra Prabir K. , Laughner Joshua , Crisp David
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Satellite observations provide spatially-resolved global estimates of column-averaged mixing ratios of CO2 (XCO2) over the Earth's surface. The accuracy of these datasets can be validated against reliable standards in some areas, but other areas remain inaccessible. To date, limited reference data over oceans hinders successful uncertainty quantification or bias correction efforts, and precludes reliable conclusions about changes in the carbon cycle in some regions. Here, we propose a new approach to analyze and evaluate seasonal, interannual and latitudinal variations of XCO2 over oceans by integrating cargo-ship (SOOP, Ship Of Opportunity) and commercial aircraft (CONTRAIL, Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airliner) observations with the aid of state-of-the art atmospheric chemistry-transport model calculations. The consistency of the in situ based column-averaged CO2 dataset (in situ XCO2) with satellite estimates was analyzed over the Western Pacific between 2014 and 2017, and its utility as reference dataset evaluated. Our results demonstrate that the new dataset accurately captures seasonal and interannual variations of CO2. Retrievals of XCO2 over the ocean from GOSAT (Greenhouse gases observing satellite: NIES v02.75, National Institute for Environmental Studies; ACOS v7.3, Atmospheric CO2 Observation from Space) and OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory, v9r) observations show a negative bias of about 1 parts per million (ppm) in northern midlatitudes, which was attributed to measurement uncertainties of the satellite observations. The NIES retrieval had higher consistency with in situ XCO2 at midlatitudes as compared to the other retrievals. At low latitudes, it shows many fewer valid data and high scatter, such that ACOS and OCO-2 appear to provide a better representation of the carbon cycle. At different times, the seasonal cycles of all three retrievals show positive phase shifts of one month relative to the in situ data. The study indicates that even if the retrievals complement each other, remaining uncertainties limit the accurate interpretation of spatiotemporal changes in CO2 fluxes. A continuous long-term XCO2 dataset with wide latitudinal coverage based on the new approach has a great potential as a robust reference dataset for XCO2 and can help to better understand changes in the carbon cycle in response to climate change using satellite observations.