bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation from socioeconomic factors, land use and urban innovation: a case study of Wuhan metropolitan area
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen An , Liu Lanjun , Shi Chenxi , Zhang Junzhe
Published: December 2024

Achieving synergistic effects in pollution reduction and carbon mitigation is a major national strategy for China. Given the common origins and processes of air pollutants and greenhouse gases, this study constructs a theoretical framework for the study of the synergistic effects of air pollution and carbon emissions. Based on the coupling coordination degree model and the geographically and temporally weighted regression model, it identifies significant factors influencing the synergistic effects of air pollution and carbon emissions and their varying mechanisms of action. Results are as follows: 1) The spatial and temporal trends of PM2.5 pollution and carbon emissions in the Wuhan metropolitan area exhibit homogeneity. The coupling coordination degree between air pollution and carbon emissions shows an initial increase followed by a decrease over time and a spatial pattern of “local clustering of areas with medium–high-level coupling coordination”. 2) Twelve factors significantly impact the synergistic effects of air pollution and carbon emissions at the county level in the Wuhan metropolitan area: number of inversion days, precipitation, temperature, vegetation coverage, number of green patents, total population, regional GDP, per capita regional GDP, proportion of secondary industry, total nighttime light, energy consumption efficiency and built-up area. 3) The impact intensity of these factors on the synergistic effects of air pollution and carbon emissions varies not only over time but also across different regions within the same year. Regions with strong impact forces shift over time. This manuscript provides a solid foundation for theoretical research on and practical strategies for advancing differentiated pollution reduction and carbon mitigation coordination.
Predictive models of sarcopenia based on inflammation and pyroptosis-related genes
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Wu Cheng , Lu Xiang , Wang Li
Published: December 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition associated with aging. Inflammation and pyroptosis significantly contribute to sarcopenia.

Methods

Two sarcopenia-related datasets (GSE111016 and GSE167186) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), followed by batch effect removal post-merger. The “limma” R package was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, LASSO analysis was conducted on inflammation and pyroptosis-related genes (IPRGs), resulting in the identification of six hub IPRGs. A novel skeletal muscle aging model was developed and validated using an independent dataset. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed on DEGs, along with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). ssGSEA was employed to assess differences in immune cell proportions between healthy muscle groups in older versus younger adults. The expression levels of the six core IPRGs were quantified via qRT-PCR.

Results

A total of 44 elderly samples and 68 young healthy samples were analyzed for DEGs. Compared to young healthy muscle tissue, T cell infiltration levels in aged muscle tissue were significantly reduced, while mast cell and monocyte infiltration levels were relatively elevated. A new diagnostic screening model for sarcopenia based on the six IPRGs demonstrated high predictive efficiency (AUC = 0.871). qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression trends of these six IPRGs aligned with those observed in the database.

Conclusion

Six biomarkers—BTG2, FOXO3, AQP9, GPC3, CYCS, and SCN1B—were identified alongside a diagnostic model that offers a novel approach for early diagnosis of sarcopenia.
Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of five widespread species (Zanthoxylum L.) and development of molecular markers for their discrimination
Authors: Sun Chong , Liu Huamin , Guo Yuan , Fu Xueqian , Zhu Xinxin , Liu Han , Tang Ning , Chen Zexiong , Liu Yiqing , Liu Xia
Published: December 2024

Background

Zanthoxylum L., an important genus in the Rutaceae family, has great edible and medical values. However, the high degree of morphological similarity among Zanthoxylum species and the lack of sufficient chloroplast (cp) genomic resources have greatly impeded germplasm identification and phylogenetic analyses of Zanthoxylum.

Methods

Here we assembled cp genomes of five widespread species (Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Z. armatum, Z. nitidum, Z. ailanthoides and Z. piasezkii) in China as a case study, comparative analysis of these assembled cp genomes.

Results

Each of them, ranging from 157,231 to 158,728 bp, has a quadripartite structure. Except for one extra gene in Z. piasezkii, 132 genes were identified in each species, including 87 encode protein genes, 37 transfer ribose nucleic acid (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Substantial variation was observed among these five cp genome sequences in the IR/SC boundary regions. Variation in insertions and deletions were observed in the cp genomes of the five species over three different intervals, and a large number of single-nucleotide polymorphism variants were detected in the rps3-rpl22-rps19 region. Phylogenetic analysis of complete cp genome sequences revealed the evolutionary relationships among 23 Zanthoxylum species (29 samples).

Conclusion

Comparative analysis revealed that rps3-rpl22-rps19 is a highly variable divergent region in Zanthoxylum that could be developed as candidate markers for phylogenetic studies and species identification. This study identified a pair of molecular markers from hypervariable regions that can be used to distinguish between the five Zanthoxylum species and validated their utility. Overall, the results of this study provide new insights into the genetic breeding, germplasm exploration, and phylogeny of Zanthoxylum species.
Proton pump inhibitor effect on macrophage and neutrophil function: a systematic review
Authors: Fowler Josef F. , Eubank Taryn A. , Garey Kevin W.
Published: December 2024

Background

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most used drugs worldwide. While generally considered safe, the usage of PPIs is associated with several adverse outcomes including acute infectious diseases. PPIs influence macrophage and neutrophil function although a systematic review has never been undertaken. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the potential mechanisms of how PPI-induced inhibition of macrophage and neutrophil function may increase infection risk in susceptible hosts.

Methods

A database search using Scopus and PubMed was performed to identify studies that investigated the effects of PPIs on neutrophils or macrophage function.

Results

The final screening yielded 21 English-language research articles that focused on the impacts of PPIs on the function of macrophages and neutrophils. PPI mechanistic effects included cytotoxic effects on polymorphonuclear neutrophils, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, phagocytosis and phagosomal degradation, inhibition of chemotaxis and migration, altering Toll-like receptor signaling and p38 protein phosphorylation in immune cells, and altering neutrophil and macrophage gene expression.

Discussion

The impact of PPIs on MΦs and neutrophils regarding their role in the immune response to bacterial pathogens was summarized. PPI effects on macrophages and neutrophils occurred due to the therapeutic mechanism of PPIs, the protonation of sulfhydryl groups and the subsequent formation of a disulfide bond, and other pleiotropic manners. Given the common use of PPIs, these results highlight the necessity to optimize PPI use and stewardship to curtail unnecessary drug use.
PTCD and choledochoscopy for recurrent choledocholithiasis after multiple abdominal surgeries: a case report
Authors: Li Liqiang , Zeng Zihan , Li Wenbo , Lu Jun , Li Liang , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2024

Background

Special attention should be given to intra-abdominal adhesions in patients with a history of open cholecystectomy for gallstones or abdominal surgery. Choosing the appropriate surgical approach to remove the stones is crucial.

Patient summary

A 68-year-old male was admitted due to sudden onset of upper abdominal pain lasting more than 6 h. In 2018, he underwent open Billroth II surgery for gastric cancer at an external hospital, and in 2020, he underwent open cholecystectomy for gallstones. In August 2023, he received gamma knife treatment for recurrent gastric cancer brain metastasis at another hospital with good results. In December of the same year, the patient presented to our hospital due to recurrent common bile duct stones and cholangitis. Given his history of two abdominal surgeries, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) combined with choledochoscopic stone extraction was chosen, which was successful in completely removing the stones. A PTCD tube was left in place postoperatively.

Conclusion

For patients with a history of two or more abdominal surgeries who experience recurrent common bile duct stones, PTCD has the advantages of a shorter operative time, less blood loss, earlier postoperative ventilation, earlier resumption of eating, minimal trauma and faster recovery.
Pulmonary mucormycosis in an immunocompetent young female: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Xun , Wu Zhenbin , Shao Shifeng
Published: December 2024

Mucormycosis is considered a rare but highly lethal fungal infection, often occurring in patients with poorly controlled diabetes or immunosuppression. Pulmonary mucormycosis progresses rapidly and is often associated with pulmonary infarction and hemoptysis. In this case report, we presented a young, immunocompetent female patient with newly diagnosed diabetes who was diagnosed early with Rhizopus delemar infection through metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Despite early diagnosis, the infection progressed rapidly, invading the tracheal cartilage and upper mediastinal soft tissue, ultimately leading to the patient’s unfortunate demise.
Identifying fecal microbiota signatures of colorectal cancer in a Vietnamese cohort
Authors: Nhung Pham Thi Tuyet , Le Hang Thi Thu , Nguyen Quang Huy , Huyen Dao Thi , Quyen Dong Van , Song Le Huu , Van Thuan Tran , Tran Tam Thi Thanh
Published: December 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three causes of global cancer mortality. In Vietnam, CRC is the third leading cause of death in women and the fourth cause of cancer mortality in men. A large number of metagenomic studies have reported the relationship between altered composition and function of the gut microbiota with CRC, but this relationship in low- and middle-income countries including Vietnam (with an estimated population of 100.3 million people in 2023, ranking 16th largest country by population in the world) is not well-explored.

Methods

We collected clinical data and fecal samples from 43 CRC patients and 44 healthy control subjects. The total community DNA of microorganisms was extracted from the fecal samples and analyzed for microbiota composition using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results

We identified a significant difference in the overall fecal microbiota composition between CRC patients and healthy controls, and we detected several CRC-associated microbial signatures in fecal samples of Vietnamese patients with CRC, which overlapped with signatures from other countries and meta-analyses. Although patients with (n = 8) and without (n = 35) type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibited distinct gut microbiota composition compared to healthy controls, increased relative abundances of putatively pathogenic species including Parvimonas micra, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, and Prevotella intermedia were consistent biomarkers for CRC. In contrast, several health-associated species were significantly depleted in CRC patients such as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Bifidobacterium longum in CRC/non-T2D patients, Ruminococcus species, Bacteroides uniformis, and Phascolarctobacterium faecium in CRC/T2D patients, and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum in both CRC groups combined.

Conclusion

Our findings confirm alterations in gut microbiota composition in CRC in a pilot Vietnamese cohort and highlight several gut microbial taxa that may have inhibitory or driver roles in CRC. This and future studies will enable the development of cancer diagnostics and treatment strategies for CRC in Vietnam, with a focus on targeting the microbiota.
An experimental chimeric hepatitis E virus vaccine elicits both local and systemic immune responses
Authors: Müller Melisa Florencia , Sacur Jacinto , Brancher Julia Matias , Vera María Daniela , Arce Lorena , Raya-Tonetti María Fernanda , Kitazawa Haruki , Villena Julio , Vizoso-Pinto María Guadalupe
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The development of a hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine is critical, with ORF2 capsid protein as the main target. We previously demonstrated that oral coadministration of recombinant ORF2 with immunomodulatory bacterium-like-particles (IBLP) induces a specific immune response in mice, particularly using IBLP derived from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IBL027 (IBLP027), which was effective in eliciting a local humoral response. IBLP are non-live bacteria with adjuvant and carrier properties, serving as a platform for exposing proteins or antigens fused to LysM (lysine motif) domains, protein modules that bind to cell wall polysaccharides like peptidoglycan.

Materials

We cloned the most immunogenic domain of ORF2 (O2P2) fused to five LysM domains (LysM5O2P2) and displayed this chimeric protein on the surface of IBLP027 to create a prototype vaccine (IBLP027-LysM5O2P2). We evaluated its capacity to induce an immune response in vivo by immunizing mice with three doses of either the experimental vaccine or the chimeric protein alone, using an oral or a combined schedule with subcutaneous priming followed by oral boosting. Control groups received IBLP027. Sera and small intestine fluid were analyzed for humoral response, while Peyer’s patches and spleen immune cells were used for ex vivo stimulation with capsid protein to assess cellular response.

Results

The oral scheme failed to elicit an IgG response, but this was overcome by a subcutaneous priming dose followed by oral boosters, which led to increasing IgG titers in the combined scheme. The highest IgG titers were seen in the vaccine prototype group. Most groups produced significantly higher IgA levels in intestinal fluid, especially in those that received the oral scheme. Cellular response studies showed increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 levels in groups receiving the chimeric protein via oral or combined schedules.

Conclusion

Further and continuous research is needed to better understand both the needs and expectations of students and supervisors in different academic realities, including in Veterinary Medicine schools, from which the information available on the subject is scarce.
Surfactants and polymers on nanoscale surfaces: the interface landscape of plasmonic nanostars
Authors: Ferrari Debora , Deriu Chiara , Fabris Laura
Published: December 2024

Surfactants and polymers are widely used as shape-directing agents in the synthesis of colloidal plasmonic nanostars, consequently acting as non-negligible players in all those high-performance applications in which processes occur at their interfaces, such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and plasmon-induced catalysis. Therefore, elucidating surfactant- and polymer-metal interactions is critical to rationally improving the performance of nanostars in the same range of applications. In this mini-review, we present traditional and state-of-the-art characterization methods that can be used to investigate the ligand-surface interactions that occur on mature nanostars. Due to historically based limitations in the availability of nanostar-specific literature, we utilize nanorod literature as a starting point to critically infer which analytical approaches can be seamlessly translated to nanostar systems, and which instead need to be adapted to intercept the peculiar needs imposed by the branched nanoparticle morphology.
Cleft palate, congenital heart disease, and developmental delay involving MEIS2 heterozygous mutations found in the patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case report
Authors: Shen Fang , Li Junyan , Li Dandan , Zhou Hui
Published: December 2024

This case is the first reported patient with a MEIS2 gene mutation who primarily exhibits pronounced inattention as the main manifestation and is diagnosed with ADHD, requiring methylphenidate treatment. It is characterized by unique clinical features that set it apart from previously reported cases with mutations in the MEIS2 gene. Here, we report a female child with a diagnosis of ADHD and comorbidities. She received treatment with methylphenidate, starting at a dose of 18 milligrams per day, which was gradually increased to 45 milligrams per day based on her attention performance, while also undergoing physical and language rehabilitation training. In addition, the parents involved the child in reading and retelling stories at home every day. After 2 years of treatment, the scale results indicated that the child still had a moderate degree of attention deficit. Therefore, she underwent whole exome sequencing (WES) showing that her MEIS2 gene carries a de novo frameshift mutation (c.934_937del, p. Leu312Argfs*11). After comparing the patient's features with those of other patients who also had the MEIS2 mutation, we discovered that the patient's cleft palate, heart abnormalities, and minor facial dysmorphism were all extremely comparable. A broad forehead, elongated and arched eyebrows, and a tent-shaped upper lip were examples of mild facial dysmorphic traits. Subtypes with phenotypes such as cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, or facial malformations were presented in all previously reported cases of MEIS2 mutations. Furthermore, less common characteristics include ADHD, learning difficulties, hearing loss, recurring respiratory infections, asthma, rhinitis, enuresis, and dental cavities. This case further supports the critical role of genetic testing in patients with ADHD who exhibit a suboptimal response to methylphenidate and present with multiple comorbidities. Furthermore, this case report expands the clinical symptom spectrum associated with MEIS2 gene mutations, providing a broader understanding of the condition.
Efficacy of Hongjing I granule, an herbal medicine, in patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Run-Nan , Guo Jun , Zhang Chun-He , Zhou Qing , Gen Qiang , Wang Fu , Zhao Yu , Luo Xin-Yun , Li Yan-Feng , Fu Yi-Jia , Zhang Xin , Wang Wen-Zhi , Ma Jian-Xiong , Wang Jian , Huang Xiao-Jun , Huang Wen-Jie , Lv Bo-Dong
Published: December 2024

Background

HJIG is a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) that has been used in China for over 20 years. We conducted a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Chinese Herbal Medicine, Hongjing I granule (HJIG), in patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods

This study is structured as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, executed across multiple centers. The recruitment strategy is primarily oriented towards patients demonstrating a pronounced preference for solely leveraging traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interventions, a preference that is widely observed within TCM healthcare settings. A total of 100 patients, presenting with mild to moderate ED, specifically linked to the traditional diagnostic criteria of qi deficiency and blood stasis, will be enrolled. These participants will be randomly distributed between the HJIG (N = 50) and placebo (N = 50) arms. The designated treatment period is set at 8 weeks. Primary outcome measures encompass the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain (IIEF-EF) score, the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP), and scores derived from the traditional Chinese medicine symptom evaluation.

Results

Of the 122 men enrolled, the baseline IIEF-EF score averaged 16.00 [IQR: 13.00, 18.00]. Eight weeks post-randomization, the HJIG group demonstrated a mean change in IIEF-EF scores of 7.80 (±3.25), compared to 3.33 (±3.90) in the placebo group, signifying a marked difference (P < 0.001). The median alterations in SEP3 scores were 0.50 [IQR: 0.36, 0.75] for the HJIG group and 0.50 [0.20, 0.67] for the placebo group, revealing a statistically relevant distinction (P = 0.05). In both primary outcomes, HJIG proved superior to the placebo. Additionally, improvements in TCM symptom scores were notably greater in the HJIG group relative to the placebo, with no adverse events reported across both groups.

Conclusion

The Hongjing I granule significantly improved symptoms in patients with mild to moderate ED. However, to validate these findings, further extended randomized trials are warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration

The study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) and the registration number was ChiCTR2000041127.
Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A ameliorates ulcerative colitis in rat by recovering intestinal barrier integrity and restoring gut microbiota
Authors: Zhong Yijia , Chang Xiujuan , Zhao Zihan , Zheng Lijun , Kuang Gaobo , Li Ping , Liu Chenxuexuan , Fan Yuqin , Liang Zhixuan , Zhuang Ke , Xie Qiuling , Liu Yangyang
Published: December 2024

Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, commensal bacterium residing in the human gut and holds therapeutic potential for ulcerative colitis (UC). Previous studies have indicated that capsular polysaccharide A (PSA) of B. fragilis is a crucial component for its effectiveness, possessing various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immune-modulating effects. We previously isolated and characterized the B. fragilis strain ZY-312 from the feces of a healthy breastfed infant, and extracted its PSA, named TP2. In this study, we explored the impact of TP2 on colonic inflammation and delved into its potential mechanisms. Initially, we used 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) to induce colitis in rats and found that TP2 treatment significantly ameliorated TNBS-induced weight loss, increased clinical scores, extensive ulcers, and intestinal epithelial damage in UC rats. Further analysis revealed that TP2 effectively restored the intestinal barrier integrity in UC rats by regulating the expression of Muc-2, tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-2), as well as apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, BAX, and Cleaved-Caspase-3. Additionally, TP2 suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL23, while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-22, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of inflammation. TP2 also downregulated the phosphorylation levels of AKT and PI3K, effectively inhibiting the abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. More interestingly, 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that TP2 restored the ecological imbalance of the rat intestinal microbiota, with an increase in beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus observed in the treatment group. In conclusion, TP2 through the regulation of intestinal barrier-related cells and proteins, inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation-related cytokine levels, and control of abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, restores intestinal barrier integrity. Additionally, by reshaping the ecological imbalance of the gut microbiota, TP2 ultimately alleviates ulcerative colitis in rats.
Oxygen is toxic in the cold in C. elegans
Authors: Suraci Cameron M. , Morrison Michael L. , Roth Mark B.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Temperature and oxygen are two factors that profoundly affect survival limits of animals; too much or too little of either is lethal. However, humans and other animals can exhibit exceptional survival when oxygen and temperature are simultaneously low. This research investigates the role of oxygen in the cold shock death of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Methods

The survival of C. elegans populations in combinations of oxygen concentrations and was assayed. Additionally, the effect of cold acclimatization, mutations in the cold acclimatization pathway, compounds, and antioxidant proteins on survival in low temperatures and high oxygen were investigated.

Results

We demonstrate that C. elegans have increased survival in 2°C when deprived of oxygen, and an increase to just 0.25 kPa of oxygen decreased survival. Additionally, we show that oxygen toxicity produced by a 35-fold increase above atmospheric oxygen levels was fatal for nematodes in 8 h at room temperature and 2 h at 2°C. We found that cold acclimatization and mutations in the cold acclimatization pathway improve survival in room temperature oxygen toxicity. Furthermore, we found that the compounds glucose, manganese (II), and ascorbate improve both cold shock and high oxygen survival, while the antioxidant proteins catalase and peroxiredoxin are essential to wild type survival in these conditions.

Discussion

Our results suggest that oxygen toxicity contributes to the death of C. elegans during cold shock. The changes in survival induced by cold acclimatization and mutations in the cold acclimatization pathway suggest that oxygen toxicity in the cold exerts evolutionary pressure, leading to the development of protections against it. Additionally, the resistance provided by diverse compounds and antioxidant proteins in both low temperature and high oxygen suggests these conditions have similar chemical environments. We discuss evidence that similar phenomena may function in humans.
Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale (PSS‐10) among pregnant women in China
Authors: Zhang ZiYang , Wang Qingzhi
Published: December 2024

Background

Pregnancy, a transformative phase, is often fraught with considerable psychological stress. Within the context of Chinese culture, characterized by intricate family dynamics, societal expectations, and deeply rooted traditional beliefs, the manifestation of stress during pregnancy may present with distinct nuances. The adaptation and validation of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for the Chinese context are pivotal for a nuanced understanding and effective intervention for the stressors encountered by pregnant women in China.

Methods

This study enrolled a cohort of 990 pregnant women who completed both the PSS-10 and the Chinese Mental Health Scale (CMHS). The internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s omega. The construct validity was explored through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was utilized to validate the scale’s structural integrity. Criterion-related validity was established by correlating PSS-10 scores with CMHS scores, thereby assessing the scale’s convergent and discriminant validity.

Results

The result demonstrated PSS-10 had robust internal consistency, with Cronbach’s α coefficients and McDonald’s omega (Composite reliability) were more than 0.70 for the scale and its constituent sub-factors. EFA and parallel analysis revealed two salient factors with eigenvalues surpassing 1.0, which accounted for 60.58% and 63.22% of the variance among the second and third trimester samples, respectively. The CFA confirmed the two-factor model’s congruence with the PSS-10’s structure in both sub-samples, with excellent model fit indicated by the fit indices: Standardized Root Mean Residual (SRMR) below 0.08 and both Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) above 0.90. Additionally, the correlation analysis with CMHS scores substantiated the PSS-10’s concurrent validity.

Conclusion

The PSS-10 exhibits commendable psychometric properties, rendering it a pertinent and reliable instrument for assessing perceived stress among pregnant women in China. This validation underscores the PSS-10’s utility in psychological research and clinical practice pertaining to Chinese pregnant populations.
Differential effects of threat types on attentional processes: a comparison of snakes and blood-injury-injection stimuli
Authors: Zsido Andras Norbert , Kiss Botond László
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Previous research on the visual processing of threats has largely overlooked the Q8 distinct effects of various types of threats, despite evidence suggesting unique brain activation patterns for specific fears. Our study examines the differential effects of threat types on attentional processes, focusing on snakes and blood-injury-injection (BII) stimuli. We sought to test whether these two types of threat stimuli, as taskirrelevant distractors, would lead to similar effects in a visual search task.

Methods

Participants were exposed to emotionally charged stimuli of varying arousal (medium and high) and neutral pictures of low arousal as task-irrelevant distractors while performing a primary visual search task.

Results

We found that BII-related distractor pictures interfered with attention to the primary task, resulting in slower reaction times compared to snake pictures. In addition, BII-related medium arousal stimuli decreased, but high arousal facilitated both orienting and executive attentional performance. Exploratory analysis of personality traits revealed differential effects of trait anxiety and disgust sensitivity, highlighting the unique mechanisms underlying fear responses. In addition, participants who used adaptive emotion regulation strategies showed better performance in overcoming the interference of threat stimuli on attention.

Discussion

These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences and emotion regulation strategies in fear research and provide insight into the complex interplay between threat perception and attentional processes.
Bibliometric analysis of nurses’ moral distress research
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Xiao , Wang Fengxia , Zhang Yi , Huang Jianxin , Wang Jihong , Zhou Xiaohuan
Published: December 2024

Objective

To identify the research status of nurses’ moral distress and predict emerging research hotspots and development trends.

Methods

Articles on nurses’ moral distress were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database from the inception of the database to 2024. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to analyze publication distributions by country, institution, journal, author contributions, keyword trends, and reference co-citations.

Results

Our study analyzed 1,781 documents, revealing a notable increase in publications after 2017, with contributions from 88 countries and 2,301 institutions worldwide. The United States and China were prominent contributors, highlighting global interest in this area. Analyses of keywords and cited references reveal emerging research topics such as “COVID-19”, “burnout”, and “moral resilience”.

Conclusion

This bibliometric review sheds light on the growing academic interest in nurses’ moral distress, emphasizing key themes and outlining future research directions. By charting the development of this domain, our study provides critical insights, guiding the investigation of complex ethical issues in nursing and enhancing understanding of nurses’ moral distress.
Anger’s moderating influence on the relationship between victimization and perpetration of domestic violence and abuse in patients suffering from severe mental illness. Insights from a cross sectional study using moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Ruijne Roos Eva , Zarchev Milan , Henrichs Jens , Garofalo Carlo , Bogaerts Stefan , Mulder Cornelis Lambert , Kamperman Astrid
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) are prevalent among persons with severe mental illness (SMI), being involved as victim, perpetrator, or both.

Aims

To assess rates of DVA victimization and perpetration in patients with SMI. We also aimed to assess whether DVA victimization was associated with DVA perpetration, and whether this was mediated by dispositional anger in patients with SMI. Lastly, we aimed to examine whether gender moderated the associations between DVA victimization and perpetration.

Methods

We conducted a nation-wide survey on victimization in patients with SMI. In 942 patients DVA perpetration of physical assault and victimization of physical assault, sexual coercion or psychological aggression over the past year were assessed using the revised Conflict Tactics Scale. Anger was assessed using the dispositional anger reactions scale. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted, followed by a moderated mediation to assess whether effects of anger differed between men and women.

Results

The prevalence rate of perpetration of physical assault was 22%, for victimization 27% and 52% for both. We found a strong positive correlation between perpetrated physical assault and victimization of mild physical assault and between both the perpetration and victimization of severe physical assault. Anger mediated the link between being a victim of psychological aggression and being a perpetrator of DVA. Women were more likely to perpetrate violence if they were victims of mild physical assault compared to men. Other moderation effects by gender were not observed.

Conclusion and implications

This study reveals persistent high DVA rates among patients with SMI. Overall, anger had no mediating effect on the association between victimization and perpetration of violence, except for psychological aggression and perpetration of DVA. This study emphasizes the importance of routine violence discussions in SMI care while taking context into account. However, further research on underlying mechanisms and interventions to improve discussions and care for victims and/or perpetrators of DVA is necessary.
Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic: identifying hesitant groups and exploring reasons for vaccination hesitancy, from adolescence to late adulthood
Authors: Pauly Laure , Residori Caroline , Bulut Hamid , Bulaev Dmitry , Ghosh Soumyabrata , O’Sullivan Marc P. , Fritz Joëlle V. , Vaillant Michel , Rommes Basile , Samuel Robin , Satagopam Venkata P. , Krüger Rejko , Leist Anja K. ,   on behalf of the CON-VINCE Consortium,   the ORCHESTRA Working Group
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-2019) pandemic highlighted the importance of assessing the rationales behind vaccine hesitancy for the containment of pandemics. In this nationwide study, representative of the Luxembourgish population, we identified hesitant groups from adolescence to late adulthood and explored motivations both for and against vaccination.

Methods

We combined data collected via online surveys for the CON-VINCE (COvid-19 National survey for assessing VIral spread by Non-affected CarriErs) study, 1865 respondents aged 18–84, and for the YAC (Young people And Covid-19) study, 3740 respondents aged 12–29. Data from both studies were harmonized and weighted to ensure a sample representative of Luxembourg’s resident population. The surveys included information on demographic and socio-economic factors as well as vaccination hesitancy.

Results

At the time of the survey, 67.0% of respondents had been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COronaVirus-2), while 33.0% of the respondents had not yet been vaccinated. Of those not yet vaccinated, 41.8% of respondents were vaccine hesitant. The most important concerns against vaccination were that the vaccine had not been tested sufficiently (59.4%) and the fear of side effects (52.4%). The most frequent reasons for vaccination were to help society overcome the pandemic (74.8%), and to protect oneself from the consequences of infection with the virus (69.3%). The proportion of unvaccinated respondents unwilling or undecided to get vaccinated was higher in the younger age groups compared to the higher age groups.

Conclusion

Our findings contribute to improving public health policy communications, not only for future pandemics but also for routine vaccination campaigns. This will help reach those who are unwilling (26.7%) or undecided (15.1%) about vaccination and reinforce strategies that have successfully increased vaccination willingness.
Developing the aquaticity level in healthy adolescents. A randomized control study
Authors: Varveri Danae , Karatzaferi Christina , Polatou Elizana , Sakkas Giorgos K.
Published: December 2024

Aquaticity is an important parameter of human aquatic performance and behavior and can be objectively assessed by the aquaticity assessment test. Low aquaticity score can unveil a person's high risk in the water while it could dictate the specific characteristics that need to be addressed or developed for improving water competence.

Aim

The aim of the current study was to assess whether human aquaticity can be developed by systematic exercise and which type of training is more effective in improving aquaticity score.

Methods

Twenty healthy untrained, high school students (8M/12F, 16.5 ± 0.7) participated in the study after obtaining parental consent. Participants were screened for their aquaticity level using the Aquaticity Assessment Test (AAT) and randomly divided into two groups: Group A (4M/6F, 16.3 ± 0.8) completed a classical swimming training program, while Group B (Aquaticity) (4M/6F, 16.8 ± 0.5) completed the aquaticity intervention program. Both interventions lasted for two months (3 workouts per week, lasting 60 min per session) while participants assessed before and after the training period using the same testing protocol and evaluators.

Results

Aquaticity score was improved after training by 13% (13.23 ± 6.88%) for Group A (Swimming training) and 26% (−26.6 ± 10.40%) for Group B (Aquaticity training) (p = 0.004). In Group A (swimming), 7 out of 10 tasks were improved significantly compared the pre-values (p < 0.05) while in Group B (aquaticity) 10 out of 10 shown significant improvements compared to pre-training values. Interestingly, the magnitude of change between the two groups was statistically significant in 5 out of 10 tasks (tasks 2, 3, 7, 9, 10) implying a higher magnitude of improvements in the aquaticity intervention group compare to swimming group.

Discussion

Aquaticity can be developed and improved when a specific training program applied. Essential to water competence aquaticity skills can be advanced using simple aquaticity training games that can improve water confidence and reduce drowning related accidents.
Possible Enhancing of Spraying Management by Evaluating Automated Control in Different Training Systems
Authors: Rakun Jurij , Lepej Peter , Bernik Rajko , Cvijanović Jelisaveta Seka , Cvetković Miljan , Rihter Erik
Published: December 2024

This study explores the feasibility of an automated sensor system for precise plant protection product application in plum orchards, aiming to address issues related to inefficient spraying practices, environmental pollution, and reduced crop quality associated with traditional training systems. The research focuses on detecting tree canopy presence, evaluating electromagnetic valve actuation in different plum training systems, and optimizing plant protection product usage. Sensor-based spraying demonstrates its potential to improve operational efficiency, reduce product losses, and foster environmentally responsible agricultural practices, contributing to the broader field of precision agriculture. For the selected scene, the results show the possibility of a substantial savings of 71.37%, 47.17%, 58.59%, and 55.06% for the One-axis, Bi-axis, UFO, and Combine systems, respectively. Implementing this technology can potentially lead to significant improvements in plum orchard operations while minimizing the industry’s ecological impact on the environment.
Investigation of Volatile Organic Compounds of Whole-Plant Corn Silage Using HS-SPME-GC-MS, HS-GC-IMS and E-Nose
Authors: Chen Yinge , Wang Lulu , Zhang Yawei , Zheng Nan , Zhang Yuanqing , Zhang Yangdong
Published: December 2024

To investigate the source of the bitter almond taste in whole corn silage (WPCS), headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), headspace gas chromatography–ion migration spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and electronic nose (E-nose) technology were employed. The study analyzed the differences in volatile compounds between two WPCS samples with distinct odors from the same cellar. GC-IMS and GC-MS identified 32 and 101 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), respectively, including aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, and other compounds. Three characteristic volatile organic compounds associated with the bitter almond taste were detected: benzaldehyde, cyanide, and isocyanate. The electronic nose demonstrated varying sensitivities across its sensors, and principal component analysis (PCA) combined with variable importance projection (VIP) analysis revealed that W5S (nitrogen oxides) could differentiate between the two distinct silage odors. This finding was consistent with the GC-MS results, which identified 34 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds in the abnormal silage sample, accounting for 77% of the total nitrogen-containing compounds. In summary, significant differences in aroma composition were observed between the bitter almond-flavored silage and the other silage in the same cellar. These differences were primarily attributed to changes in volatile organic compounds, which could serve as indicators for identifying bitter almond-flavored silage.
Key Technologies in Intelligent Seeding Machinery for Cereals: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhou Jinhao , Zhang Tengfei , Zhang Pengcheng , Yao Mengjiao , Li Jinhong , Sun Zitong , Ma Guoxin , Chen Xinxin , Hu Jianping
Published: December 2024

The operational performance of cereal seeding machinery influences the yield and quality of cereals. In this article, we review the existing literature on intelligent technologies for cereal seeding machinery, encompassing active controllable seeding actuators, intelligent seeding rate control, and intelligent seed position control systems. In this manuscript, (1) the characteristics and innovative structures of existing motor-driven seed-metering devices and ground surface profiling mechanisms are expounded; (2) state-of-the-art detection principles and applications for soil property sensors are described based on different soil properties; (3) optimal seeding rate decision approaches based on soil properties are summarized; (4) the research state of seeding rate measuring and control technologies is expounded in detail; (5) trajectory control methods for seeding machinery and seeding depth control systems are described based on measurement and control principles; and (6) the present state, limitations, and future development directions of intelligent cereal seeding machinery are described. In the future, more advanced multi-algorithm and multi-sensor fusion technologies for soil property detection, optimal seeding rate decisions, seeding rates, and seed position control are likely to evolve. This review not only expounds the latest studies on intelligent actuating, sensing, and control technologies for intelligent cereal seeding machinery, but also discusses the shortcomings of existing intelligent seeding technologies and future developing trends in detail. This review, therefore, offers a reference for future research in the domain of intelligent seeding machinery for cereals.
Soil Inversion with Subsoiling Increases Cotton Yield Through Improving Soil Properties and Root Growth
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Wang Shulin , Feng Weina , Dong Helin , Zheng Cangsong , Sun Miao , Shao Jingjing , Zhang Zhenggui , Pan Zhanlei , Wang Jian , Sun Guilan , Li Junhong , Zhang Yaopeng , Zhao Wenqi , Zhai Menghua , Wang Zhanbiao
Published: December 2024

Long-termrotary tillage has led to a deterioration in cotton production. It remains unclear whether soil inversion with subsoiling could halt the deterioration. Here, a field experiment was set from 2015 to 2017 with three treatments: CK, 15 cm rotary tillage; T1, replace the top 20 cm soil layer with the 20–40 cm soil layer and loosen the 40–55 cm soil layer; T2, replace the top 20 cm soil layer with the 20–40 cm soil layer and loosen the 40–70 cm soil layer. The results showed that the total nitrogen(N) content, alkaline N content, total phosphorous(P) content, available P content, and available potassium(K) content of T1 and T2 in the 20–40 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those in the top 20 cm soil layer in 2017, and the soil nutrient contents in the top 20 cm soil layer increased with each planting season. Compared with CK, the root dry matter of T1 and T2 increased by 13.1% and 15.2%, respectively, and the boll number and boll weight were also significantly higher, and the seed cotton yield under T1 for the three years increased by 7.7%, 7.6%, and 6.1%, respectively, and the seed cotton yield under T2 for the three years increased by 6.1%, 8.6%, and 8.2%, respectively. The results suggest that soil inversion with subsoiling is a continuously effective tillage practice for increasing the output of cotton in the North China Plain.
Artificial Intelligence in Cervical Cancer Screening: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Dellino Miriam , Cerbone Marco , d’Amati Antonio , Bochicchio Mario , Laganà Antonio Simone , Etrusco Andrea , Malvasi Antonio , Vitagliano Amerigo , Pinto Vincenzo , Cicinelli Ettore , Cazzato Gerardo , Cascardi Eliano
Published: December 2024

Among gynecological pathologies, cervical cancer has always represented a health problem with great social impact. The giant strides made as a result of both the screening programs perfected and implemented over the years and the use of new and accurate technological equipment have in fact significantly improved our clinical approach in the management and personalized diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the cervix. In this context, the advent of artificial intelligence and digital algorithms could represent new directions available to gynecologists and pathologists for the following: (i) the standardization of screening procedures, (ii) the identification of increasingly early lesions, and (iii) heightening the diagnostic accuracy of targeted biopsies and prognostic analysis of cervical cancer. The purpose of our review was to evaluate to what extent artificial intelligence can be integrated into current protocols, to identify the strengths and/or weaknesses of this method, and, above all, determine what we should expect in the future to develop increasingly safer solutions, as well as increasingly targeted and personalized screening programs for these patients. Furthermore, in an innovative way, and through a multidisciplinary vision (gynecologists, pathologists, and computer scientists), with this manuscript, we highlight a key role that AI could have in the management of HPV-positive patients. In our vision, AI will move from being a simple diagnostic device to being used as a tool for performing risk analyses of HPV-related disease progression. This is thanks to the ability of new software not only to analyze clinical and histopathological images but also to evaluate and integrate clinical elements such as vaccines, the composition of the microbiota, and the immune status of patients. In fact, the single-factor evaluation of high-risk HPV strains represents a limitation that must be overcome. Therefore, AI, through multifactorial analysis, will be able to generate a risk score that will better stratify patients and will support clinicians in choosing highly personalized treatments overall. Our study remains an innovative proposal and idea, as the literature to date presents a limitation in that this topic is considered niche, but we believe that the union of common efforts can overcome this limitation.