bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Wind-Induced Error on the Climatology and Trends of Observed Precipitation in China from 1960 to 2018
Authors: Li Yun , Wang Kaicun , Wu Guocan , Mao Yuna
Published: March 2023

Since the 1950s, precipitation has been measured at national weather stations in China using national standard precipitation gauges. Gauges without a wind fence can significantly underestimate precipitation amounts, while this undercatch bias is closely related to surface wind speed and precipitation type. The observed surface wind speed across China has substantially declined during the past decades. Therefore, this study investigated the wind-induced error of the observed precipitation and its impact on regional and national mean trends in precipitation over China due to the reduction in surface wind speed. It was found that the wind-induced error for the mean annual precipitation nationwide was 29.28 mm yr−1, accounting for 3.92% of total precipitation amount. The variation of precipitation at the regional scale was large but the trends were both positive and negative, approximately cancelling at the national level and resulting in a small national mean trend. The raw observation data showed that the national mean precipitation increased at a rate of 1.85 mm yr−1 (10 a)−1 from 1960 to 2018, which was reduced to 0.33 mm yr−1 (10 a)−1 after correction, demonstrating that the correction of wind-induced error had an important impact on the trend of annual precipitation. Meanwhile, the reduction of surface wind speed was consistent at both the regional and national levels. On average, the wind-induced errors decreased at rates of −1.52, −1.34, and −0.14 mm yr−1 (10 a)−1 for total precipitation, rainfall, and snowfall, respectively. It illustrates that the decreases of the wind-induced error result in the increasing precipitation of raw observation.
The Impact of Forecast Inconsistency and Probabilistic Forecasts on Users’ Trust and Decision-Making
Authors: Burgeno Jessica N. , Joslyn Susan L.
Published: March 2023

When forecasts for a major weather event begin days in advance, updates may be more accurate but inconsistent with the original forecast. Evidence suggests that resulting inconsistency may reduce user trust. However, adding an uncertainty estimate to the forecast may attenuate any loss of trust due to forecast inconsistency, as has been shown with forecast inaccuracy. To evaluate this hypothesis, this experiment tested the impact on trust of adding probabilistic snow-accumulation forecasts to single-value forecasts in a series of original and revised forecast pairs (based on historical records) that varied in both consistency and accuracy. Participants rated their trust in the forecasts and used them to make school-closure decisions. One-half of the participants received single-value forecasts, and one-half also received the probability of 6 in. or more (decision threshold in the assigned task). As with previous research, forecast inaccuracy was detrimental to trust, although probabilistic forecasts attenuated the effect. Moreover, the inclusion of probabilistic forecasts allowed participants to make economically better decisions. Surprisingly, in this study inconsistency increased rather than decreased trust, perhaps because it alerted participants to uncertainty and led them to make more cautious decisions. Furthermore, the positive effect of inconsistency on trust was enhanced by the inclusion of probabilistic forecast. This work has important implications for practical settings, suggesting that both probabilistic forecasts and forecast inconsistency provide useful information to decision-makers. Therefore, members of the public may benefit from well-calibrated uncertainty estimates and newer, more reliable information.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study was to clarify how explicit uncertainty information and forecast inconsistency impact trust and decision-making in the context of sequential forecasts from the same source. This is important because trust is critical for effective risk communication. In the absence of trust, people may not use available information and subsequently may put themselves and others at greater-than necessary risk. Our results suggest that updating forecasts when newer, more reliable information is available and providing reliable uncertainty estimates can support user trust and decision-making.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Surgical Consent
Authors: Delgado Carlos A. , McCullers Michelle R. , Bloom Scott W.
Published: March 2023

Background

Patient autonomy is the most important of the core values of medical ethics, yet the process of obtaining surgical consent remains a lesser scrutinized area of modern surgical practice. Informed consent implies a patient’s understanding of nature of the operation, indications, risks, benefits, and alternatives. Surgical consent has traditionally been obtained through verbal communication and formalized by signing a legal document. This process oftentimes leaves patients unequipped with adequate knowledge about the procedure they just consented to. In most cases, it is simply impossible for the non-medically trained layperson to fully understand the nuances of surgery in a conversation. Some may argue a degree of paternalism may be inevitable; we believe there is room for improvement.

Methods

We chose to examine English-speaking adult patients undergoing common procedures (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open inguinal hernia repair, and skin mass/soft tissue excision). We asked 71 patients to complete a free response survey on the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the operation they had just consented to. The patients were administered the survey either in the outpatient clinic or in the preoperative area.

Results

Our analysis showed that most of our patients understand the inherent risks, benefits, and alternatives when being consented but that less than 50% of those consented were considered to have adequate understanding of the procedures they were consented for.

Discussion

This study highlights key deficits and potential areas of improvement in the informed consent process. Based on the results, we have significant room for improvement and the responsibility to do so.
Occupational Performance Coaching for Children With Neurodisability: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Authors: Graham Fiona P. , Williman Jonathan A. , Desha Laura N. , Snell Deborah , Jones Bernadette , Ingham Tristram R. , Latu Anna , Maggo Jasjot K. , Ranta Annemarei , Ziviani Jenny
Published: March 2023

Background. Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) is a goal-oriented approach in which client agency takes precedence in goal selection, analysis, choice of action, and evaluation of success. The intended outcomes of OPC are improved occupational performance and participation in clients’ life situations. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of OPC. Purpose. This study protocol outlines a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of OPC compared to usual care with caregivers of children with neurodisability in improving child, caregiver, and family occupational performance. Method. A single-blind, 2-arm parallel-group, cluster RCT of OPC compared to usual care is planned. Therapists delivering the intervention (N = 14) are randomized to “OPC training” or “usual care” groups. The primary outcome is occupational performance improvement in caregiver (N = 84) identified goals. Implications. Findings will provide translational evidence of the effectiveness of OPC and clarify intervention processes. Areas of future OPC research and development will be indicated.
Gastrointestinal and Sleep Issues in Toddlers With Autism Versus Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Zlatnik Katrine , Milliken Anna , Weaver Meredith , Sideridis Georgios , Harris Holly , Harstad Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are frequently associated with gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) and sleep issues, but there are insufficient data on the occurrence of these symptoms in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with other NDDs. We abstracted data on 500 children aged 18 to 36 months with ASD and 146 children aged 18 to 47 months with non-ASD NDDs to compare the frequency of these symptoms. In the overall sample, there was a high rate of GIS (46.0%) and sleep difficulties (22.6%). In age-adjusted analyses, children with non-ASD NDDs were more likely to have GIS (61.0% vs 41.6%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.35; 95% confidence interval = 1.56-3.56) and sleep difficulties (34.9% vs 19.0%; adjusted OR = 2.08; 95% confidence interval = 1.33-3.26) compared with those with ASD. These findings demonstrate the need to assess these symptoms in all young children with developmental concerns to provide appropriate guidance to their families.
Vaccines for Children Provider Practices in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program: Barriers to Participation, Intentions to Offer COVID-19 Vaccination to Children Aged <5 Years, and Vaccination Promotion, United States, March 2022
Authors: Kang Yoonjae , Zhang Fan , Chatham-Stephens Kevin , Carter Rosalind J. , Vogt Tara
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to assess barriers to Vaccines for Children (VFC) provider practices participating in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program and intentions to offer COVID-19 vaccination to children aged <5 years. We invited a random sample of 15 000 VFC provider practices in the United States to complete an online survey during February 28 to March 11, 2022. Of 2809 practices that completed the survey, 2246 (80.0%) were enrolled in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program. Concerns around staff resources, vaccine and supply storage space, and vaccine wastage from multidose vials were the most frequently reported program-enrollment barriers. Among enrolled practices that have decided whether to offer COVID-19 vaccination to the children aged <5 years, 1641 (88.8% of 1848) reported likely offering it to current patients, and 1165 reported likely offering it to children who are not current patients. Addressing participation barriers and encouraging active promotion may increase COVID-19 vaccination coverage of children.
Microscale modelling of lightning damage in fibre-reinforced composites
Authors: Millen Scott L J , Lee Juhyeong
Published: March 2023

In this work, three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulations were undertaken to study the effects of lightning strikes on the microscale behaviour of continuous fibre-reinforced composite materials and to predict and understand complex lightning damage mechanisms. This approach is different from the conventional mesoscale or macroscale level of analysis, that predicts the overall lightning damage in composite laminates, thus providing better understanding of lightning-induced thermo-mechanical damage at a fundamental level. Micromechanical representative volume element (RVE) models of a UD composite laminate were created with circular carbon fibres randomly distributed in an epoxy matrix. The effects of various grounding conditions (one-, two-, and four-side grounding), fibre volume fractions ( V f = 55, 60%, and 65%), and peak current amplitudes (10, 20, and 40 kA) on microscopic damage in RVE models were characterised to understand fibre, epoxy matrix, and fibre-matrix interfacial damage associated with a lightning strike. Thermal damage, estimated based on epoxy matrix decomposition temperature, was largely constant up to 20 kA before increasing significantly at 40 kA. Severe thermal damage steadily decreased with increasing V f. Thermo-mechanical damage was predicted using a ductile plasticity model with Drucker–Prager yield criterion for epoxy matrix failure, and cohesive surfaces for fibre-matrix interface debonding. Thermal strain had the largest contribution to thermo-mechanical damage, while dynamic pressure loading was negligible in all RVE models. The RVE model proposed in this work, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the first model predicting lightning-induced fibre-matrix interfacial damage.
Prediction of Future Caries in 1-Year-Old Children via the Salivary Microbiome
Authors: Raksakmanut R. , Thanyasrisung P. , Sritangsirikul S. , Kitsahawong K. , Seminario A.L. , Pitiphat W. , Matangkasombut O.
Published: March 2023

Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in children that causes negative effects on their health, development, and well-being. Early preventive interventions are key to reduce early childhood caries prevalence. An efficient strategy is to provide risk-based targeted prevention; however, this requires an accurate caries risk predictor, which is still lacking for infants before caries onset. We aimed to develop a caries prediction model based on the salivary microbiome of caries-free 1-y-old children. Using a nested case-control design within a prospective cohort study, we selected 30 children based on their caries status at 1-y follow-up (at 2 y old): 10 children who remained caries-free, 10 who developed noncavitated caries, and 10 who developed cavitated caries. Saliva samples collected at baseline before caries onset were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of β diversity analysis showed a significant difference in salivary microbiome composition between children who remained caries-free and those who developed cavitated caries at 2 y old (analysis of similarities, Benjamini-Hochberg corrected, P = 0.042). The relative abundance of Prevotella nanceiensis, Leptotrichia sp. HMT 215, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Campylobacter concisus in children who remained caries-free was significantly higher than in children who developed cavitated caries (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.024, 0.040, 0.049, and 0.049, respectively). These taxa were also identified as biomarkers for children who remained caries-free (linear discriminant analysis effect size, linear discriminant analysis score = 3.69, 3.74, 3.53, and 3.46). A machine learning model based on these 4 species distinguished between 1-y-old children who did and did not develop cavitated caries at 2 y old, with an accuracy of 80%, sensitivity of 80%, and specificity of 80% (area under the curve, 0.8; 95% CI, 44.4 to 97.5). Our findings suggest that these salivary microbial biomarkers could assist in predicting future caries in caries-free 1-y-old children and, upon validation, are promising for development into an adjunctive tool for caries risk prediction for prevention and monitoring.
The Effect of Model-Based Problem Solving on the Performance of Students Who are Struggling in Mathematics
Authors: Xin Yan Ping , Kim Soo Jung , Lei Qingli , Liu Bing Yu , Wei Shuang , Kastberg Signe E. , Chen Yingjie Victor
Published: March 2023

The U.S. Nation’s Report Card reveals that lower performing students exhibited greater achievement decline than their average/high performing peers based on 2022 long-term trend mathematics assessments for age 9 students. Technology, including computer-assisted instruction, plays an important role in today’s dynamic learning environments. Currently, there is a lack of computer-assisted intervention programs that systematically teach generalized word problem-solving skills that are driven by mathematical models. Model-based problem solving (MBPS) is one of the essential emphases in the Common Core mathematical practice standards. This study investigated the effects of a web-based computer tutor, MBPS, on enhancing word problem-solving performance of elementary students who are struggling in mathematics. The MBPS tutor incorporates best practices that are identified by the Institute of Educational Sciences’ (IES) latest practice guide, including providing systematic instruction, visual and verbal supports, and teaching of precise mathematical language. Findings indicate that the MBPS tutor boosted participants’ performance above and beyond the business-as-usual comparison group.
Drawing Disney: Analyzing Artistic Reinterpretations of Disney Deaths
Authors: Lammon Marissa
Published: March 2023

Disney’s notably traumatic character deaths have been the focus of several academic studies that identify the potential harm of witnessing animated deaths during childhood; however, these studies have almost exclusively examined death images within film without looking to images that exist external to the media texts themselves. This paper addresses such limitations by uniquely examining how audiences use/produce images to offer reinterpretations of popular death scenes in Disney films. The components of user-generated images, descriptions, and comments on deviantart.com indicate that audiences utilize creative expression to communicate the traumatic experience of viewing character deaths during childhood, change elements that are frustratingly inaccurate, and re-write narratives to challenge assumptions of sympathy. Such an analysis considers what these artistic expressions might suggest about the decoding of animated death by consumers and encourages new ways of thinking about the consumption and interpretation of death narratives.
Intrapulmonary Metastasis from Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the External Auditory Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Xue Songbo , Zhang Liqin , Zhao Yang , Tian Xu , Yu Jie , Ren Xinyu , Zhang Qing , Gao Zhiqiang , Feng Guodong
Published: March 2023

External auditory canal adenoid cystic carcinoma (EAC) is rare and is associated with nonspecific clinical manifestations such as early ear pain. We report a patient with advanced lung metastases from adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the EAC, which is difficult to diagnose. Under general anesthesia, lengthened right temporal bone resection, parotidectomy, facial nerve resection, cervical lymph node dissection (I-III), partial mandibular resection, tumor resection in the inferior temporal fossa and lateral femoral flap repair were performed, followed by regular radiotherapy and chemotherapy. During 2 years of postsurgical follow-up, there was no recurrence. The combination of early detection, resection, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy can result in a good therapeutic effect.
Tinnitus Related to Forceful Eyelid Closure: A Case Report
Authors: Yu Yanping , Dong Hongsong , Lin Chang , Zheng Jinquan , Nie and Guohui
Published: March 2023

Tinnitus is a common complaint in the clinical setting and can be classified into sensorineural and objective tinnitus. The sources of objective tinnitus may either come from para-auditory structures, such as myogenic or vascular structures, or the middle ear muscles. One type of objective tinnitus of muscular origin is known as forceful eyelid closure syndrome (FECS). We present an additional case of a 22-year-old woman with unilateral FECS. The auricles and external auditory canals were normal bilaterally; we examined her tympanic membrane under an endoscope, the left tympanic membrane was retracted simultaneously with the closure of her eyelids. Both tympanograms were of type A. However, small cut trace associated with tympanic membrane movement were obtained during blinking. The patient was managed by behavioral therapy and medication treatment conservatively, and the condition became well-controlled. Here, we present this rare case and review the literature.
Towards a moderate realist foundation for ontological knowledge organization systems: The question of the naturalness of classifications
Authors: Machado Luís Miguel Oliveira , Martínez-Ávila Daniel , Almeida Mauricio B , Borges Maria Manuel
Published: March 2023

Several authors emphasise the need for a change in classification theory due to the influence of a dogmatic and monistic ontology supported by an outdated essentialism. These claims tend to focus on the fallibility of knowledge, the need for a pluralistic view, and the theoretical burden of observations. Regardless of the legitimacy of these concerns, there is the risk, when not moderate, to fall into the opposite relativistic extreme. Based on a narrative review of the literature, we aim to reflectively discuss the theoretical foundations that can serve as a basis for a realist position supporting pluralistic ontological classifications. The goal is to show that, against rather conventional solutions, objective scientific-based approaches to natural classifications are presented to be viable, allowing a proper distinction between ontological and taxonomic questions. Supported by critical scientific realism, we consider that such an approach is suitable for the development of ontological Knowledge Organisation Systems (KOSs). We believe that ontological perspectivism can provide the necessary adaptation to the different granularities of reality.
Don’t Forget the Parents: Caregiver Coping Strategies for Daughter’s Juvenile Legal System Involvement
Authors: Fix Rebecca L. , Mendelson Tamar
Published: March 2023

Caregivers of adolescent daughters with juvenile legal system involvement face unique stressors that have been largely overlooked in research and practice. The current study recruited 183 Black and Native North American/Indigenous caregivers with daughters involved in the juvenile legal system via a Qualtrics survey distributed using MTurk with careful screening practices. Results indicated high levels of stress and worry related to daughter’s juvenile legal system involvement. Female caregivers used prayer, talking with friends, going to therapy, and exercise significantly more than male caregivers as coping strategies. Problems associated with daughter’s juvenile legal system involvement and worry about daughter’s juvenile legal system involvement significantly impacted use of most coping strategies. Finally, nearly all caregivers were interested in trying new activities to strengthen their relationship with their daughter and in strategies to improve their own mental health. Potential intervention components highlighted by caregivers indicate future directions for family-focused programming targeting families with juvenile legal system involvement.
Monitoring digital election campaigns: Assessing the transparency ecosystem in the United Kingdom
Authors: Dommett Katharine , Power Sam
Published: March 2023

Digital election campaigning has undergone increased levels of scrutiny in recent years, with numerous calls for improved transparency. One key innovation has been the creation of online advertising archives offered by social media platforms such as Facebook, Google, and Snapchat. In this article, we compare what we know about digital campaigning in the United Kingdom from official election returns and Facebook and Google’s online advertising archives. We analyse whether both transparency sources provide agreed standards of completeness, consistency, accuracy, and accessibility. We find that – despite the United Kingdom having an effectively world-leading transparency regime – this is not the case. We therefore consider a number of potential reforms to increase knowledge of the workings of campaigns at the national level.
Validating the fear of being single scale for individuals in relationships
Authors: Cantarella Isabel A. , Spielmann Stephanie S. , Partridge Ty , MacDonald Geoff , Joel Samantha , Impett Emily A.
Published: March 2023

The Fear of Being Single (FOBS) Scale (Spielmann et al., 2013) assesses insecurity about singlehood, but its items are phrased for those who are currently single. The present research validated the FOBS in Relationships Scale for individuals currently in relationships. Results suggested that both single and partnered individuals experience FOBS, and that the FOBS Scale and FOBS in Relationships Scale are appropriate measures for single and partnered individuals, respectively. We advise against using the original FOBS Scale for those in relationships, and recommend an abridged scale for researchers who wish to make direct comparisons of FOBS between single and partnered individuals.
The Role of Situational Factors in Child-to-Parent Abuse: Implications for Assessment, Management, and Intervention
Authors: Sheed Abigail , Maharaj Natasha , Simmons Melanie , Papalia Nina , McEwan Troy
Published: March 2023

Situational factors are relevant to the initiation and maintenance of violent behavior yet are infrequently examined in relation to family violence. Content analysis was used to conduct an inductive thematic analysis of police narratives to identify and quantify the occurrence of situational factors among Australian young people (10–24 years) reported to police for using violence toward a parent ( n = 82). Descriptive information about demographics (e.g., age and sex), background characteristics (e.g., victimization history, employment/school issues, mental health issues, and neurodevelopmental conditions), and features of the index incident (e.g., type of aggression) were also extracted from police records. Interpersonal conflict and parental limit-setting were the most common situational antecedents of child-to-parent abuse, with additional situational factors including use of weapons, role of third parties, mental health concerns, and substance abuse issues. Families experiencing child-to-parent abuse showed heightened levels of intrafamilial violence and neurodevelopmental conditions. Implications for risk assessment, management, and intervention are discussed.
Oxygen inhalation has no effect on provoked cranial autonomic symptoms using kinetic oscillation stimulation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Schröder Celina F , Basedau Hauke , Moeller Maike , May Arne
Published: March 2023

Objective

Inhalation of oxygen is highly effective in cluster headache, a subtype of trigeminal autonomic cephalgias. Since oxygen has no effect on nociceptive pain, the mechanism of action is still unknown. The present study investigated whether oxygen inhalation modifies the trigeminal autonomic reflex arc in healthy volunteers.

Methods

21 healthy volunteers participated in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, cross-over, and within-subject study design. In a randomized order demand valve inhalation of 100% oxygen or medical air were administered. Capillary blood samples were collected to control for blood gas changes. Cranial parasympathetic output (lacrimation) was provoked using kinetic oscillation stimulation of the nasal mucosa. Standardized measurement of lacrimation between baseline and kinetic oscillation stimulation served as a measure of induced cranial autonomic output.

Results

There was no significant difference in parasympathetic output after oxygen inhalation when compared to inhalation of medical air.

Conclusion

The inhalation of 100% oxygen does not affect the parasympathetic reflex arc of the trigeminal autonomic reflex.
Who is Replaced by Robots? Robotization and the Risk of Unemployment for Different Types of Workers
Authors: Damelang Andreas , Otto Michael
Published: March 2023

We study the effects of robotization on unemployment risk for different types of workers. We examine the extent to which robotization increases inequality at the skill level and at the occupational level using two theoretical frameworks: skill-biased technological change and task-biased technological change. Empirically, we combine worker-level data with information on actual investments in industrial robots. Zooming in on the German manufacturing industry, our multivariate results show that robotization affects different types of workers differently. We do not observe an increase in unemployment risk for low- and medium-skilled, but we find a considerably lower unemployment risk among high-skilled workers. Moreover, the unemployment risk is significantly higher in occupations with highly substitutable tasks, but only in industries that invest largely in robots.
HbA1c screening for diabetes mellitus and to evaluate diabetic control in people of African ancestry with HIV in South London
Authors: Cechin Laura , Campbell Lucy , Oliveira Amelia , Goff Louise M , Post Frank A
Published: March 2023

We evaluated glycaemic status in 948 Black adults with HIV and report a high prevalence of dysglycaemia (37.2%). HbA1c testing identified 38 (4.0%) individuals not previously known to have diabetes mellitus (DM) and showed suboptimal or poor glycaemic control in more than half of those with a prior DM diagnosis despite high levels of HIV control.
Thermal performance evaluation of parabolic trough collector having different inserts and working with hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Chakraborty Oveepsa , Das Biplab , Gupta Rajat
Published: March 2023

This study emphasizes the comparative investigation of the thermal capacity of parabolic solar trough collectors with spherical-shaped balls and two types of elliptical inserts (longitudinal orientation). Hybrid nanofluid is the heat-carrying liquid obtained by mixing CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticles in distilled water. Analytical investigations are conducted for 1% vol. concentration of hybrid nanoparticles in distilled water for varying proportions. Computational analysis is chosen to obtain thermal as well as flow trends in the tube receiver. The outcomes disclosed that 13.3%, 10.02%, and 16% improvements are noted for thermal efficiency, Nusselt number, and thermal performance index with elliptical inserts of minor diameter 12 mm in the receiver, respectively, than spherical ball inserts. The highest pump work of 35 W is associated with spherical inserts at 0.033 kg/s.
Control of a jet engine using predictor-based adaptive strategy in different flight modes
Authors: Ranjbar Abedin , Khosravi Alireza , Ahmadian Narjes
Published: March 2023

In this article, a predictor-based model reference adaptive control method is proposed for a JetCat SPT5 turboshaft engine in full thrust, cruise, and idle modes. In the predictor-based model reference adaptive control method, in addition to the tracking error, the predictor error is also utilized in adaptive laws to achieve the desired control objectives, such as improving the tracking performance and control signals, and reducing the tracking error. The proposed method is implemented on a turboshaft engine system with actual dynamic values. First, three properly separated equilibrium points are selected on the nominal plant equilibrium manifold to linearize the plant model at the equilibrium points. Then, the predictor-based model reference adaptive control controller is designed and investigated for the three equilibrium points generating three operating modes of the engine, that is, full thrust, cruise, and idle. The stability of the control system is proved by the Lyapunov method. To evaluate the efficiency of the state predictor method in the simulation scenarios, the proposed method is compared with the classic model reference adaptive control method. The simulation results illustrate the superiority of the predictor-based model reference method due to the reduction of unwanted fluctuations in tracking performance, faster convergence of the tracking error to zero, and smoother control signals for all the equilibrium points.
Semiparametric generalized estimating equations for repeated measurements in cross-over designs
Authors: Cruz Gutierrez Nelson Alirio , Melo Oscar Orlando , Martinez Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2023

A model for cross-over designs with repeated measures within each period was developed. It was obtained using an extension of generalized estimating equations that includes a parametric component to model treatment effects and a non-parametric component to model time and carry-over effects; the estimation approach for the non-parametric component is based on splines. A simulation study was carried out to explore the model properties. Thus, when there is a carry-over effect or a functional temporal effect, the proposed model presents better results than the standard models. Among the theoretical properties, the solution is found to be analogous to weighted least squares. Therefore, model diagnostics can be made by adapting the results from a multiple regression. The proposed methodology was implemented in the data sets of the cross-over experiments that motivated the approach of this work: systolic blood pressure and insulin in rabbits.
Confidence intervals for the length of the receiver-operating characteristic curve based on a smooth estimator
Authors: Martínez-Camblor Pablo
Published: March 2023

A good diagnostic test should show different behavior on both the positive and the negative populations. However, this is not enough for having a good classification system. The binary classification problem is a complex task, which implies to define decision criteria. The knowledge of the level of dissimilarity between the two involved distributions is not enough. We also have to know how to define those decision criteria. The length of the receiver-operating characteristic curve has been proposed as an index of the optimal discriminatory capacity of a biomarker. It is related not with the actual but with the optimal classification capacity of the considered diagnostic test. One particularity of this index is that its estimation should be based on parametric or smoothed models. We explore here the behavior of a kernel density estimator-based approximation for estimating the length of the receiver-operating characteristic curve. We prove the asymptotic distribution of the resulting statistic, propose a parametric bootstrap algorithm for confidence intervals construction, discuss the role that the bandwidth parameter plays in the quality of the provided estimations and, via Monte Carlo simulations, study its finite-sample behavior considering four different criteria for the bandwidth selection. The practical use of the length of the receiver-operating characteristic curve is illustrated through two real-world examples.
Using dichotomized survival data to construct a prior distribution for a Bayesian seamless Phase II/III clinical trial
Authors: Duputel Benjamin , Stallard Nigel , Montestruc François , Zohar Sarah , Ursino Moreno
Published: March 2023

Master protocol designs allow for simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments or disease subgroups. Master protocols can also be designed as seamless studies, in which two or more clinical phases are considered within the same trial. They can be divided into two categories: operationally seamless, in which the two phases are separated into two independent studies, and inferentially seamless, in which the interim analysis is considered an adaptation of the study. Bayesian designs are scarcely studied. Our aim is to propose and compare Bayesian operationally seamless Phase II/III designs using a binary endpoint for the first stage and a time-to-event endpoint for the second stage. At the end of Phase II, arm selection is based on posterior (futility) and predictive (selection) probabilities. The results of the first phase are then incorporated into prior distributions of a time-to-event model. Simulation studies showed that Bayesian operationally seamless designs can approach the inferentially seamless counterpart, allowing for an increasing simulated power with respect to the operationally frequentist design.
The direct and indirect predictors of career commitment
Authors: Ozdemir Nurten Karacan , Aydın Gökçen , Aydın Yasin
Published: March 2023

This study investigated concern, control, curiosity, and confidence serially mediated the associations between psychological flexibility (PF) at work and career commitment, based on the career construction model of adaptation and gender, age, education level, and tenure differences in career commitment. The white-collar employees ( N  =  353, 55% female) completed the Career Commitment Scale, Work-Related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and Career Adaptabilities Scale-Short Form, and a Demographic Information Form. A multiple serial mediation model indicated that PF at work was related to concern, control, curiosity, and confidence, which in turn, contributed to career commitment, serially. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that career commitment differs according to education level, only. These findings suggested implications for theory, research, and practice, responding to the cultural context.
Breaking through the glass ceiling, but at what cost? From transitions between hierarchical levels to the diversity of ascending, lateral, or descending career paths of women executives
Authors: Giguère Émilie , Pelletier Mariève , Bilodeau Karine , St-Arnaud Louise
Published: March 2023

The present article proposes to broaden the understanding of the life courses of women executives to include an experiential perspective of meaning built around their different life projects. Our study is based on a qualitative approach employing narrative research methodology to analyze interviews with a sample of 51 women executives. Our findings reveal key experiences and events and a diversity of transitions between hierarchical levels that characterize their career development. They also show a number of possible configurations of rapprochement, integration, distancing, or separation between the different spheres of life and their influence on executive careers through ascending, lateral, or descending career paths. These findings contribute to a deeper insight into the complex career paths of women executives and underscore the value of including these different dimensions when considering guidance support strategies for this clientele.
Relationships are with people-not with lines of computer code: Changing career from hi-tech to teaching
Authors: Imanuel-Noy Dalia , Schatz-Oppenheimer Orna
Published: March 2023

This study examines former hi-tech workers who have pursued a second career in teaching. Narratives of 15 novice teachers: 8 men and 7 women from scientific fields are examined based on Positioning Theory. Two facets of their transition are examined: (a) Reasons for career change and image of both professions and (b) task perception, motivation, and commitment to teaching. Through the narratives, common themes are exposed: feelings of appeal versus rejection; financial sacrifice; work overload in hi-tech; and the need for meaningful emotional connections. Emphasis is placed on the importance of appropriate training for such teachers and the optimal conditions for their placement and acclimation in the education system.
Using the Number Line to Build Understanding of Fraction Arithmetic
Authors: Lesner Taylor , Sutherland Marah , Lussier Cayla , Clarke Ben
Published: March 2023

Building proficiency with fraction arithmetic poses a consistent challenge for students with learning difficulties or disabilities in mathematics. This article illustrates how teachers can use the number line model to support struggling learners in making sense of fraction arithmetic. Number lines are a powerful tool that can be used to help students represent and solve problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with fractions while building conceptual understanding of the underlying operations. Evidence-based strategies for using number line models to teach fraction arithmetic concepts and skills are described and specific examples provided to illustrate how teachers can strategically integrate number line models with other mathematical representations to support the development of flexible understanding of fractions.
Teaching Fraction-to-Decimal Translation Using the Number Line
Authors: Rojo Megan , King Sarah G. , Doabler Christian T.
Published: March 2023

Rational number proficiency is predictive of later mathematics achievement, especially for rigorous mathematics courses, such as Algebra I. Students with learning disabilities (LD) in mathematics struggle to make adequate progress on rational number concepts and skills that lay the foundation for successfully completing secondary mathematics courses. However, recent research has demonstrated that utilizing effective instructional design, such as the use of a number line with systematic and explicit instruction, can result in academic progress for students with LD in mathematics. This article presents teachers with a four-step teaching sequence utilizing the number line and effective strategies for teaching students with LD in mathematics to introduce fraction-to-decimal relationships in upper elementary, a prerequisite for middle school mathematics.
A Review of the Psychometrics of Perinatal Grief Instruments
Authors: Wright Patricia Moyle , Carpenter Joan
Published: March 2023

The intense emotional and psychological consequences of pregnancy loss have been studied for decades. With the growing body of literature regarding women's experiences of pregnancy loss, there is an increased need for high quality evidence that underpins perinatal grief and bereavement support interventions. In this paper, we describe and analyze the psychometric properties of existing tools (the Perinatal Grief Scale, the Perinatal Bereavement Scale, the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale) developed specifically to measure grief following perinatal loss. The psychometric properties of these instruments are presented along with an assessment of their trustworthiness. Of the three perinatal grief instruments, the PGS is the most well-established measure of perinatal grief. The PBS, although promising, has not been as extensively tested as the PGS. The PGIS has compared favorably with the PGS and is also a good choice for use in perinatal bereavement studies despite its shorter history of use and less extensive psychometric testing.
Understanding the Concepts of Death in Bereaved Teens with Intellectual Disabilities: An Examination of Measurement Tools
Authors: Gaines Arlen Grad
Published: March 2023

Teens with intellectual disabilities experience disenfranchised grief, as they are often excluded from death education and rituals. Such exclusion can impact opportunities to understand the concepts of death and process the loss. This paper examines the psychometric properties of the limited existing tools designed to measure the understanding of concepts of death in parentally bereaved teens with intellectual disabilities (ID) who are included in after-death rituals as compared to those not included. A literature search uncovered no tools for the concept of death understanding for teens with ID, but four related tools were examined due to their potential proximal applicability. Though further development would be needed, the EsCoMu Scale and the Concept of Death Questionnaire showed the most potential use for this population. Further research is needed to develop a tool specific to teens with ID that takes into account the developmental, cognitive, and social aspects of their grieving experiences.
Mind the Overlap: A Qualitative Exploration of the Vocational Lives of Veterans Living With Mental Health and Substance Use Conditions
Authors: Stevenson Brian J. , Chamberlin Elizabeth , Smith Camille M. , Teravainen Taina , Kathawalla Ummul Kiram , Mueller Lisa
Published: March 2023

Veterans with mental health and substance use conditions have poor employment outcomes and would likely benefit from integrated career, mental health, and substance use related interventions. However, vocational psychology has overlooked this vulnerable population, and vocational interventions are often relegated as less important than other psychotherapeutic interventions that target substance use or symptom reduction. Drawing upon Social Cognitive Career Theory and Psychology of Working Theory, this qualitative study examined how external and internal factors influenced the vocational trajectories of eight veterans with mental health and substance use conditions. Additionally, this study examined participants’ perspective on the usefulness of improving career outcomes in supporting their lives and recoveries. Using Consensual Qualitative Research methodology, this study uncovered how personal, environmental, relational, mental health, and substance use factors impacted the vocational trajectories of veterans living with mental health and substance use conditions. Findings also highlight that veterans want fulfilling employment and more clarity in their vocational lives to support their mental well-being and prevent substance use. Implications for vocational psychology theory and integrative practice are discussed.
Corruption Propensity and Mitigation at Different Phases of Infrastructure Development
Authors: Ghahari Seyed Ali , Queiroz Cesar , Labi Samuel , McNeil Sue
Published: March 2023

Corruption is a social evil that resonates far and deep in societies, eroding trust in government, weakening the rule of law, impairing economic development, and exacerbating poverty, social tension, and inequality. Each phase of infrastructure development life cycle has peculiar vulnerabilities to corrupt practices. Pre-emptive identification of avenues for corrupt actions at each phase can serve as a starting point for new initiatives or for renewed reinforcement of existing corruption mitigation programs. The existing literature on corruption does not address the issue from an infrastructure life cycle perspective. The objective of this paper is to identify opportunities at each phase of the infrastructure life cycle where stakeholders and actors can help undertake specific actions to mitigate corruption. The paper’s methodology characterizes corruption and mitigation measures in a framework based on the phases of infrastructure development life cycle and then connects these measures to the relevant actors and stakeholders.
Juggling Masculinities: Being a Middle-Class Young Man in Dhaka
Authors: Camellia Suborna , Roodsaz Rahil
Published: March 2023

To date, South Asian masculinity studies have largely investigated the construction of masculinities at the structural level, while subjective experiences have received little attention. This paper analyses data gathered from ethnographic research conducted among 40 adolescent boys living in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and asks: how do middle-class adolescent boys in Dhaka construct different ideals of masculinity and negotiate those in their everyday life at home and among peers? Which ideas about sexuality are involved? This analysis provides in-depth insights into the ways in which different models of masculinity are (re)constructed and embraced or resisted at the subjective level by adolescents in their everyday negotiations of sexuality. We will argue that this younger generation of men encounter unique gendered vulnerabilities in the contexts of fast urbanisation, an increasingly uncertain labour market and a lack of support in negotiating their emotional and social wellbeing.
Treatment of Orofacial Granulomatosis—9-Month Follow-up: A Case Report
Authors: Sopi Krasniqi Mirlinda , Sllamniku Dalipi Zana , Kastrati Dragidella Donika , Kondirolli Labinota
Published: March 2023

Orofacial granulomatosis is a condition that manifests clinically as painless labial enlargement, perioral and mucosal edema, oral ulcers, and gingivitis. It is characterized by non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the oral and maxillofacial region. When the swelling only affects the lips, the pathology is called Miescher’s granulomatous cheilitis; however, when it also causes facial paresis and lingua plicata, it is known as Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. We report a case that was successfully treated with a combination of a local (intralesional) steroid, a systemic antibiotic, and a systemic steroid. After 6 months of therapy, we observed improvement in gingival hyperplasia and buccal mucosa and lip edema.