bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Therapy in Dentistry
Authors: Ahmadi Hanie , Ebrahimi Alireza , Ahmadi Fatemeh
Published: January 2021

Dental caries, pulpal necrosis, trauma, and periodontal diseases can result in dental infections which could have severe consequences that affect both soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Dental infections commonly present with symptoms of pain, fever, and swelling. Surgical and endodontic treatments are the early management of infected teeth, followed by antibiotic therapy. Some alternative methods also exist for treating infection such as low-level laser therapy and photodynamic therapy. Antibiotics are generally used in dental procedures to treat odontogenic infections, nonodontogenic infections, local infection, focal infection, and prophylaxis. Antibiotic prophylaxis is prescribed for patients with immunosuppressed conditions, infective endocarditis, metabolic disorders, and patients with prosthetic joints. To reduce the complications of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions especially bacterial resistance, comprehensive guidelines should be established. It has been noted that only about 12% of dentists adequately and correctly prescribe antibiotics, which shows the importance of comprehensive guidelines. Antibiotics prescription may result in some adverse effects such as hypersensitivity reactions and dermatological and allergic disorders. Furthermore, unnecessary prescription of antibiotics could result in several serious sequelae, for example, bacterial resistance, gastric and hematological problems, and diversion of bacterial microbiota. The present review attempts to summarize the indications of antibiotic therapy in dentistry and discuss the common types of antibiotics that are routinely used in dental practice based on pharmacologic classes. Moreover, types of antibiotics that are considered safe during pregnancy and childhood are also reviewed.
Design and Synthesis of 4-O-Podophyllotoxin Sulfamate Derivatives as Potential Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Bader Ammar , Bkhaitan Majdi M. , Abdalla Ashraf N. , Abdallah Qasem M. A. , Ali Hamed I. , Sabbah Dima A. , Albadawi Ghadeer , Abushaikha Ghassan M.
Published: January 2021

4-O-Podophyllotoxin sulfamate derivatives were prepared using the natural lignan podophyllotoxin. The prepared compounds were afforded by reacting O-sulfonyl chloride podophyllotoxin with ammonia or aminoaryl/heteroaryl motif. Biological evaluation was performed in human breast cancer (MCF7), ovarian cancer (A2780), colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), and normal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cell lines. Compound 3 exhibited potent inhibitory activity and good selectivity margin. Compounds 2, 3, and 7 exerted apoptotic effect in MCF7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of the verified compounds was inferior to that of podophyllotoxin.
Dynamic Cross-Correlation between Online Sentiment and Stock Market Performance: A Global View
Authors: Xu Kewei , Pang Yuanyuan , Han Jiatong
Published: January 2021

This paper focuses on investigating the dynamic cross-correlation relationship between online sentiment and returns of major global stock markets based on the MF-DCCA method. We use Daily Happiness (DHS), an index derived from Twitter posts through textual analysis as a proxy of online sentiment. By dividing the global financial markets into developed and developing ones, we are able to test the heterogeneous relationship between stock market performance and sentiment at different economic developing level. Empirical results show that there exists a power-law cross-correlation relationship between financial market and online sentiment in some developed countries and all developing countries, and the relationship is more stable in the developing countries. Moreover, we apply rolling window analysis to capture the dynamic evolution characteristics and find the relationship has a strong consistency over time. Our work provides a much more delicate perspective to test the relationship between online sentiment and financial markets performance and enriches the existing literature.
Gene Sequence Assembly Algorithm Model Based on the DBG Strategy and Its Application
Authors: Shi Haihe , Wu Gang
Published: January 2021

With the continuous development of sequencing technology, the amount of bioinformatics data has increased geometrically, and the massive amount of bioinformatics data puts forward more stringent requirements for sequence assembly problems. The sequence assembly algorithm based on DBG (De Bruijn graph) strategy is a key algorithm in bioinformatics, which is widely used in the domain of gene sequence assembly. Current research on the domain of sequence assembly always focuses on optimization of specific steps to a specific algorithm and lack of research on domain-level high-abstract algorithm frameworks. To some extent, it leads to the redundancy of the sequence assembly algorithm, and some problems may be caused by the artificial selection algorithm. This paper analyzes the domain of DBGSA and establishes a feature model of this domain. Based on the production programming method, the DBGSA algorithm component is interactively designed. With the support of the PAR platform, the DBGSA algorithm component library is formally implemented, and furthermore, the DBGSA component library is used to assemble the specific algorithm. This research adds domain-level research to the domain of sequence assembly and implements the DBGSA component library, which can assemble specific sequence assembly algorithms, ensuring the efficiency of algorithm development and the reliability of assembly generation algorithms. At the same time, it also provides a valuable reference for solving problems in the domain of sequence assembly.
Rationale and Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Medical Student Counseling for Hospitalized Patients Addicted to Tobacco (the MS-CHAT Trial)
Authors: Satish Priyanka , Khetan Aditya , Shah Dharav , Ganesan Subhashini , Balakrishnan Rojith , Srinivasan Shuba , Samuel Reema , Hull Leland , Josephson Richard A. , DiGiacomo Michelle
Published: January 2021

Globally, India is the second largest consumer of tobacco. However, Indian medical students do not receive adequate training in smoking cessation counseling. Each patient hospitalization is an opportunity to counsel smokers. Medical Student Counseling for Hospitalized patients Addicted to Tobacco (MS-CHAT) is a 2-arm multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compares the effectiveness of a medical student-guided smoking cessation program initiated in inpatients and continued for two months after discharge versus standard hospital practice. Current smokers admitted to the hospital are randomized to receive either usual care or the intervention. The intervention group receives inpatient counseling and longitudinal postdischarge telephone follow-up by medical students. The control group receives counseling at the discretion of the treating physician. The primary outcome is biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence of smoking cessation at 6 months after enrollment. Changes in medical student knowledge and attitude will also be studied using a pre- and postquestionnaire delivered prior to and 12 months after training. This trial tests a unique model that seeks to provide hands-on experience in smoking cessation counseling to medical students while simultaneously improving cessation outcomes among hospitalized smokers in India.
End‐to‐End Speech Synthesis for Tibetan Multidialect
Authors: Xu Xiaona , Yang Li , Zhao Yue , Wang Hui
Published: January 2021

The research on Tibetan speech synthesis technology has been mainly focusing on single dialect, and thus there is a lack of research on Tibetan multidialect speech synthesis technology. This paper presents an end‐to‐end Tibetan multidialect speech synthesis model to realize a speech synthesis system which can be used to synthesize different Tibetan dialects. Firstly, Wylie transliteration scheme is used to convert the Tibetan text into the corresponding Latin letters, which effectively reduces the size of training corpus and the workload of front‐end text processing. Secondly, a shared feature prediction network with a cyclic sequence‐to‐sequence structure is built, which maps the Latin transliteration vector of Tibetan character to Mel spectrograms and learns the relevant features of multidialect speech data. Thirdly, two dialect‐specific WaveNet vocoders are combined with the feature prediction network, which synthesizes the Mel spectrum of Lhasa‐Ü‐Tsang and Amdo pastoral dialect into time‐domain waveform, respectively. The model avoids using a large number of Tibetan dialect expertise for processing some time‐consuming tasks, such as phonetic analysis and phonological annotation. Additionally, it can directly synthesize Lhasa‐Ü‐Tsang and Amdo pastoral speech on the existing text annotation. The experimental results show that the synthesized speech of Lhasa‐Ü‐Tsang and Amdo pastoral dialect based on our proposed method has better clarity and naturalness than the Tibetan monolingual model.
On Janowski Type Harmonic Meromorphic Functions with respect to Symmetric Point
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ghaffar , Ahmad Bakhtiar , Darus Maslina , Mashwani Wali Khan , Khan Shahid
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we define a new class of Sakaguchi type-meromorphic harmonic functions in the Janowski domain that are starlike with respect to symmetric point. Furthermore, we investigate some important geometric properties like sufficiency criteria, distortion bound, extreme point theorem, convex combination, and weighted means.
Oxidative Stress Mediated Cytotoxicity, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Apoptosis Induced by Rosa damascena in Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells
Authors: Al-Oqail Mai M. , Farshori Nida N. , Al-Sheddi Ebtesam S. , Al-Massarani Shaza M. , Saquib Quaiser , Siddiqui Maqsood A. , Al-Khedhairy Abdulaziz A.
Published: January 2021

Rosa damascena Mill (Damask rose), belonging to the Rosaceae family, is known for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine system. However, its anticancer activity has not been studied yet in detail. Herein, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of R. damascena hexane (RA‐HE) and methanolic (RA‐ME) extracts against human breast (MCF‐7), lung epithelial (A‐549), and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. The RA‐HE and RA‐ME showed more potent cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells with an IC50 of 819.6 and 198.4 μg/ml, respectively. Further, cytotoxic concentrations of most effective extract (RA‐ME) were used to evaluate the mechanism of cytotoxicity involved in HeLa cells. A concentration‐dependent induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduction of glutathione (GSH) in HeLa cells treated with 250‐1000 μg/ml of RA‐ME confirms the association of oxidative stress. We also detected a noteworthy increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level in RA‐ME‐exposed HeLa cells. Flow cytometric data showed a strong dose‐response relationship in cell cycle analysis between subG1 phase in HeLa cells and RA‐ME treatment. Similarly, a concentration‐dependent increase was recorded with Annexin V assay in HeLa cells going to late apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RA‐ME‐induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HeLa cells are mediated by oxidative stress.
Multistrategy Repeated Game‐Based Mobile Crowdsourcing Incentive Mechanism for Mobile Edge Computing in Internet of Things
Authors: Chi Chuanxiu , Wang Yingjie , Li Yingshu , Tong Xiangrong
Published: January 2021

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, various application requirements have put forward higher requirements for data transmission bandwidth and real‐time data processing. Mobile edge computing (MEC) can greatly alleviate the pressure on network bandwidth and improve the response speed by effectively using the device resources of mobile edge. Research on mobile crowdsourcing in edge computing has become a hot spot. Hence, we studied resource utilization issues between edge mobile devices, namely, crowdsourcing scenarios in mobile edge computing. We aimed to design an incentive mechanism to ensure the long‐term participation of users and high quality of tasks. This paper designs a long‐term incentive mechanism based on game theory. The long‐term incentive mechanism is to encourage participants to provide long‐term and continuous quality data for mobile crowdsourcing systems. The multistrategy repeated game‐based incentive mechanism (MSRG incentive mechanism) is proposed to guide participants to provide long‐term participation and high‐quality data. The proposed mechanism regards the interaction between the worker and the requester as a repeated game and obtains a long‐term incentive based on the historical information and discount factor. In addition, the evolutionary game theory and the Wright‐Fisher model in biology are used to analyze the evolution of participants’ strategies. The optimal discount factor is found within the range of discount factors based on repeated games. Finally, simulation experiments verify the existing crowdsourcing dilemma and the effectiveness of the incentive mechanism. The results show that the proposed MSRG incentive mechanism has a long‐term incentive effect for participants in mobile crowdsourcing systems.
The Association between Type-2 Diabetes Duration and Major Adverse Cardiac Events after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Benjamin Botey Katamu , Qiu Chunguang , Han Zhanying , Lu Wenjie , Sun Guoju , Qin Xiaofei , Wang Xule , Wang Xi , Li Ran , Pan Liang
Published: January 2021

Background. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and portends adverse prognosis in diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to nondiabetic patients. Few studies are currently available regarding the relationship between diabetes duration and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) post-PCI. This study is aimed at assessing the association between diabetes duration and major adverse cardiac events after PCI. Methods. A total of 302 cases of diabetic patients undergoing an elective PCI with drug-eluting stent (DES) deployment and or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) using a drug-coated balloon (DCB) were prospectively studied. We divided patients into three groups based on diabetes duration: <5 years group (

n
=
165

), 5–10 years’ group (

n
=
72

), and ≥10 years’ group (

n
=
65

). Angiographic and clinical follow-up were conducted 12 months after the procedures for all the patients and at any given time during the study when needed. Results. A significantly higher rate of myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic patients with the longest diabetes duration (7.7% vs. 0% and 0.6%,

P
=
0.001

) was observed compared with groups of shorter duration. Repeat coronary revascularization was found to be significantly higher in the >10-year group than was it in groups with shorter duration of diabetes (23.1% vs. 19.4% and 9.10%,

P
=
0.03

). After adjustment for confounding risk factors, longer diabetes duration remained an independent predictor of MI (hazard ratio (HR): 5.525, confidence interval (CI): 1.273-23.978,

P
=
0.022

) and repeat revascularization (HR: 1.608, CI: 1.058-2.443,

P
=
0.026

). Repeat revascularization was significantly related to the progression of nontreated lesions (De novo lesions 20% vs. 18% and 7.3%,

P
=
0.009

) compared to previously treated lesions (target lesion revascularization (TLR) 3% vs. 1.3% and 2%,

P
=
0.774

). However, all-cause mortality was not significantly different among the groups (3.1% vs. 5.6% and 0.6%,

P
=
0.06

, HR: 2.403, CI: 0.464-12.436,

P
=
0.293

). Conclusion. Diabetes duration was associated with significant differences in major adverse cardiac events after the percutaneous coronary intervention; the longest diabetes duration portended higher rates of MACEs than shorter duration at the 12-month follow-up.
Rough Set Approach toward Data Modelling and User Knowledge for Extracting Insights
Authors: Liao Xiaoqun , Nazir Shah , Shen Junxin , Shen Bingliang , Khan Sulaiman
Published: January 2021

Information is considered to be the major part of an organization. With the enhancement of technology, the knowledge level is increasing with the passage of time. This increase of information is in volume, velocity, and variety. Extracting meaningful insights is the dire need of an individual from such information and knowledge. Visualization is a key tool and has become one of the most significant platforms for interpreting, extracting, and communicating information. The current study is an endeavour toward data modelling and user knowledge by using a rough set approach for extracting meaningful insights. The technique has used different rough set algorithms such as K‐nearest neighbours (KNN), decision rules (DR), decomposition tree (DT), and local transfer function classifier (LTF‐C) for an experimental setup. The approach has found its accuracy for the optimal use of data modelling and user knowledge. The experimental setup of the proposed method is validated by using the dataset available in the UCI web repository. Results of the proposed study show that the model is effective and efficient with an accuracy of 96% for KNN, 87% for decision rules, 91% for decision trees, 85.04% for cross validation architecture, and 94.3% for local transfer function classifier. The validity of the proposed classification algorithms is tested using different performance metrics such as F‐score, precision, accuracy, recall, specificity, and misclassification rates. For all these performance metrics, the KNN classifier outperformed, and this high performance shows the applicability of the KNN classifier in the proposed problem.
Solutions of Integral Equations via Fixed-Point Results on Orthogonal Gauge Structure
Authors: Mehmood Mazhar , Aydi Hassen , Ali Muhammad Usman , Fahimuddin  , Shoaib Abdullah , De La Sen Manuel
Published: January 2021

The main outcome of this paper is to introduce the notion of orthogonal gauge spaces and to present some related fixed-point results. As an application of our results, we obtain existence theorems for integral equations.
BIM Adoption and Its Impact on Planning and Scheduling Influencing Mega Plan Projects‐ (CPEC‐) Quantitative Approach
Authors: Nawaz Ahsan , Su Xing , Nasir Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: January 2021

The construction projects in Pakistan have inherent problems of erroneous planning and schedule development. This dilemma has led to the failure of the majority of construction projects in Pakistan. Earlier researches have tried to curtail the increasing spectrum of inaccurate planning and schedule development. But not many research studies have shed light on the major factor of 2D CAD drawings interpretation problems, which are playing a key role in defective planning and scheduling. Moreover, the role of BIM, i.e., Building Information Modeling with respect to efficient planning, has not been also discussed in detail. This study has concluded a positive impact of BIM on effective planning and scheduling in the construction industry of Pakistan. About 210 responses were obtained from experienced construction professionals of Pakistan and tested via regression analysis in order to validate this argument. It has been analyzed that 2D CAD drawings are now getting primitive and 3D technology BIM is taking its place. BIM is an efficient tool for planning and scheduling. With the start of CPEC and Multi‐Billion Dollar investment on infrastructure, construction industry of Pakistan needs to uplift its existing standard in order to meet with international requirements. For this purpose, BIM has been recommended. It will not only assist in attaining flawless planning but will also increase the success rate of CPEC projects in Pakistan.
Using Elevated Cholesterol Synthesis as a Prognostic Marker in Wilms’ Tumor: A Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: He Yuanbin , Cui Xu , Lin Yu , Wang Yunjin , Wu Dianming , Fang Yifan
Published: January 2021

Background. Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy of children. Identifying factors that could predict the prognosis of patients with Wilms tumor is clinically meaningful. Many studies found tumors with elevated cholesterol synthesis that are featured with dismal prognosis. Even in some clinical trials, people with excessive dietary cholesterol intake and high plasma low‐density lipoprotein levels are observed to have increased risk for cancer. However, the role of cholesterol biosynthesis in Wilms tumor has not yet been well clarified. Methods. RNA sequencing transcriptome data and all corresponding clinicopathological information used in our study were downloaded from the TARGET database. High‐throughput sequencing (Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million fragments mapped) data sets of 130 tumor samples and 6 normal samples were obtained for further analysis. Results. Wilms tumor samples with higher activity of cholesterol synthesis are characterized with worse overall survival (P < 0.05). In addition, Wilms tumor samples with mitigated activity of cholesterol synthesis are featured with better dendritic cell (DC) function and cytolytic activity (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we constructed a prognosis model based on differential expressed cholesterol synthesis‐related genes (DECSG), which could predict the OS of patients with Wilms tumor accurately. KEGG and GO analysis of differential expressed genes between tumor samples with high and low cholesterol synthesis indicated that DECSGs are highly enriched in “mitosis nuclear division,” “nuclear division,” “chromosome segregation,” “cell cycle,” “Spliceosome,” and “RNA transport.” Conclusions. In conclusion, our study reported increased cholesterol synthesis in Wilms tumor predicts a worse prognosis and mitigated cytolytic activity, DC function, and MHC I signature in the tumor microenvironment. We also constructed a prognosis model for predicting the OS of patients with good accuracy, which is promising in clinical translation. Future studies should focus on the detailed mechanism that caused increasing cholesterol which promotes tumor progression and undermines patients’ survival.
Zinner Syndrome with Ectopic Ureter Emptying into Seminal Vesicle
Authors: Hevia Palacios M. , Álvarez-Maestro M. , Gómez Rivas J. , Aguilera Bazan A. , Martínez-Piñeiro L.
Published: January 2021

A 66-year-old male patient in follow-up in the urology department for a non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer was detected by ultrasound to have absence of the left kidney and a cystic, multilobed image at the location of the seminal vesicle. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals left renal agenesis and the existence of multiple cysts in the ipsilateral seminal vesicle that reaches a size of

6.9
×
3.7
 
cm

, as well as a ureteral remnant that opens into the seminal vesicle. The patient does not present urinary symptoms, neither pain with ejaculation nor hematuria. A triad of seminal vesicle cyst, ipsilateral renal agenesis, and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction is known as Zinner syndrome. Congenital anomalies of the seminal vesicles are rare; some of them are associated with malformations of the upper urinary system. Seminal vesicle cysts are associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis and ectopic or dysplastic ureter. Patients may remain asymptomatic and be diagnosed incidentally or may present with symptoms such as increased urinary frequency, dysuria, recurrent infections, pain with ejaculation, and perineal discomfort.
Nephroprotective Effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Hydroalcoholic Extract, Carvacrol, and Thymol on Kidney Toxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Rats
Authors: Panahi kokhdan Esmaeel , Sadeghi Hossein , Kazemi Shima , Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein
Published: January 2021

Background. Cisplatin (Cis) is an anticancer drug; however, it has dose-dependent renal toxicity. The current study aims to investigate the protective effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. hydroalcoholic extract (Z.M.B), carvacrol, and thymol on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. Forty-two Wistar male rats were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 7). Group I received normal saline; group II received Cis (7 mg/kg. ip); group III received the Z.M.B extract only (500 mg/kg/d, po); group IV received Z.M.B extract (500 mg/kg/d, po) + Cis; group V received carvacrol (50 mg/kg/d, po) + Cis; and group VI received thymol (50 mg/kg/d, po) + Cis. The levels of biochemical markers, oxidative stress parameters, and histopathological staining were determined in serum and renal tissues. Also, the chemical compositions (carvacrol and thymol) of the Z.M.B extract were assayed by HPLC analysis. Result. The results revealed that Z.M.B extract, carvacrol, and thymol markedly decreased the renal index as compared with the Cis-only group. Also, carvacrol and thymol significantly reduced the blood urea nitrogen level as compared with the Cis-only group. Furthermore, Z.M.B extract, carvacrol, and thymol significantly attenuated the Cis-induced increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolite. Additionally, histopathological examination showed that Z.M.B extract, carvacrol, and thymol markedly ameliorated Cis-induced renal tubular necrosis. Conclusion. The results showed renoprotective effects of Z.M.B extract, carvacrol, and thymol in Cis-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Therefore, Z.M.B extract can be considered as a potential candidate for the protection of nephrotoxicity induced by Cis.
Relationship between Poorly Controlled Asthma and Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Children with Asthma: A Two-Center Study
Authors: Guo Yun , Zhang Xiuqing , Liu Feng , Li Ling , Zhao Deyu , Qian Jun
Published: January 2021

Objective. Asthma and sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) are common chronic respiratory diseases in children. The relationship between asthma and SRDB is bidirectional. However, only a few studies have analyzed the relationship between asthma control status and risk of SRBD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between asthma control and SRBD and further assess the relationship between therapy/atopy/lung function of children with asthma and SRBD. Methods. A total of 209 children aged 3–16 years were enrolled in this study. Pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) scores were used to identify children at high risk of developing SRBD. Data on asthma control status, therapy, allergy, lung function, and exhaled nitric oxide were collected. Results. A significantly higher risk of SRBD was found among children with poorly controlled asthma (34.25% vs. 13.97%,

P

 < 0.01) and allergic rhinitis (AR) (34.29% vs. 13.92%,

P

 < 0.01) than among children with well-controlled asthma and AR. The prevalence of SRBD was also significantly higher in asthmatic children with obesity than that with just obesity (42.11% vs. 20.00%,

P

 < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that poorly controlled asthma (OR, 2.746 (95% CI, 1.215–6.209);

P

 < 0.05) and poorly controlled AR (OR, 3.284 (95% CI, 1.430–7.544);

P

 < 0.01) increased the odds of having SRBD. Conclusion. Poorly controlled asthma and AR increase the risk of SRBD. A routine check of the level of asthma control and appropriate use of medication for AR are important because of their influence on SRBD.
Guest-Host Interactions in Symmetrical Carboxy Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes-Titanium Dioxide Systems: Synthesis, Theoretical Calculations, Aggregation Properties, and Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: da Costa Duarte Rodrigo , de Oliveira Matheus Costa , Toldo Josene Maria , Gonçalves Paulo Fernando Bruno , Santos Marcos José Leite , Rodembusch Fabiano Severo
Published: January 2021

In this work, the role of deoxycholic acid (DCA) as a coadsorbent was investigated in the sensitization of mesoporous TiO2 layers (host) with symmetrical carboxy heptamethine cyanine dyes (guest). Different approaches have been tested, aimed at reducing the H-aggregation and minimizing the competition between cyanine molecules and DCA for active sites of the host, thus improving solar cell efficiency. Heptamethine cyanines containing carboxylic anchoring groups were obtained with good yields. The cyanines present UV-Vis absorption in methanol and dimethylformamide solutions ascribed to fully allowed electronic transitions (

1

π
π
∗

), as well as fluorescence emission in the NIR region, with any evidence of aggregations in both ground and excited states. TD-DFT calculations were also performed in order to study the geometry and charge distribution of these compounds in their ground and excited electronic states. Solid-state photophysics indicates that the cyanines showed excellent adsorption on TiO2, which can be justified by the presence of the -COOH moieties in the structure. Photophysical measurements have revealed the best concentrations of dye and DCA, which resulted in efficient inhibition of cyanine H-aggregates on the TiO2 surface in addition to allow large dye loading. HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the dyes were identified by cyclic voltammetry, showing oxidation and reduction potentials within acceptable limits for application as a photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on a TiO2 mesoporous photoanode. Assembled DSSCs have shown a large improvement of the electrical parameters and efficiency when a balance between dye aggregation and the competition to the host active sites was reached.
Discrete Event Simulation of Bus Terminals: A Modular Approach with a High Spatial Resolution
Authors: Lindberg Therese , Johansson Fredrik , Peterson Anders , Tapani Andreas
Published: January 2021

Interchange stations with their many connecting modes and lines are central for a high-quality public transport system. Bus access at the station needs to operate reliably and efficiently in order to prevent congestion and queues. To this end, a conceptual simulation model for evaluation of bus terminal operations is presented in this paper. It is based on discrete event simulation and able to describe the detailed movements and interactions that occur between vehicles at larger terminals. The model has a modular approach, where common spatial sections at terminals are represented by modules that can be easily combined into many different terminal layouts. An implementation of the model is presented and, as a first sensitivity test, applied in a numerical experiment representing Norrköping interchange station in Sweden. The results indicate that the model can be a useful tool in planning processes.
Role of Oxidative Stress in the Mechanisms of Anthracycline‐Induced Cardiotoxicity: Effects of Preventive Strategies
Authors: Carrasco Rodrigo , Castillo Rodrigo L. , Gormaz Juan G. , Carrillo Montserrat , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh
Published: January 2021

Anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) persists as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Although many protective strategies have been evaluated, cardiotoxicity remains an ongoing threat. The mechanisms of AIC remain unclear; however, several pathways have been proposed, suggesting a multifactorial origin. When the central role of topoisomerase 2β in the pathophysiology of AIC was described some years ago, the classical reactive oxygen species (ROS) hypothesis shifted to a secondary position. However, new insights have reemphasized the importance of the role of oxidative stress‐mediated signaling as a common pathway and a critical modulator of the different mechanisms involved in AIC. A better understanding of the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity is crucial for the development of treatment strategies. It has been suggested that the available therapeutic interventions for AIC could act on the modulation of oxidative balance, leading to a reduction in oxidative stress injury. These indirect antioxidant effects make them an option for the primary prevention of AIC. In this review, our objective is to provide an update of the accumulated knowledge on the role of oxidative stress in AIC and the modulation of the redox balance by potential preventive strategies.
Isolated Pectoralis Minor Tendon Rupture with Subclavian Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Loske Stefan , Taha Mohy E. , Carstens Claus , Dietrich Kai A. , Frank Christian
Published: January 2021

Isolated insertional ruptures of the pectoralis minor tendon at the coracoid process are a rare condition. Hitherto, very few cases have been reported in the literature. A precise diagnosis is often difficult to obtain and commonly requires advanced imaging to confirm the suspicion and rule out concomitant injuries. All cases reported in the literature to date have been treated conservatively, with excellent results and no further complications. Here, however, we present the case of a patient who had developed a subclavian vein thrombosis. Furthermore, we provide an overview over and draw comparisons to the cases described in the literature. Despite the effectiveness of the conservative treatment, physicians should be aware that adverse events may occur.
Relationship between Apelin/APJ Signaling, Oxidative Stress, and Diseases
Authors: Lv Shuangyu , Feng Yu , Jiang Qiying , Lv Xinrui , Yang Yanjie
Published: January 2021

Apelin, a peptide hormone, is an endogenous ligand for G protein‐coupled receptor and has been shown to be widely expressed in human and animal tissues, such as the central nervous system and adipose tissue. Recent studies indicate that the apelin/APJ system is involved in the regulation of multiple physiological and pathological processes, and it is associated with cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, neurological diseases, ischemia‐reperfusion injury, aging, eclampsia, deafness, and tumors. The occurrence and development of these diseases are closely related to the local inflammatory response. Oxidative stress is that the balance between oxidation and antioxidant is broken, and reactive oxygen species are produced in large quantities, causing cell or molecular damage, which leads to vascular damage and a series of inflammatory reactions. Hence, this article reviewed recent advances in the relationship between apelin/APJ and oxidative stress, and inflammation‐related diseases, and highlights them as potential therapeutic targets for oxidative stress‐related inflammatory diseases.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Identify the Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors from Flesh of Salacca zalacca Fruits and Their Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Saleh Mohammed S. M. , Siddiqui Mohammad Jamshed , Ali Al-Mekhlafi Nabil , Abdullah Alshwyeh Hussah , Mediani Ahmed , Ismail Nor Hadiani , Kamisah Yusof
Published: January 2021

Fruit of salak (Salaaca zalacca) is traditionally used and commercialized as an antidiabetic agent. However, scientific evidence to prove this folk claim is quite lacking. Therefore, this research was aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibition activity of S. zalacca fruit and identify the bioactive compounds. The fruits were extracted by different ratios of ethanol and water (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%, v/v) to get E0 (100% water), E20 (20% ethanol), E40 (40% ethanol), E60 (60% ethanol), E80 (80% ethanol), and E100 (100% ethanol) extracts. The extracts obtained were subjected to the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry- (GC-MS-) based metabolomics approach was used in profiling the bioactive metabolites present in the extracts. Orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) was used to correlate GC-MS data and α-glucosidase assay results to identify the possible chemical markers. All active compounds identified were subjected to molecular docking. The extracts from the S. zalacca fruit showed potent inhibition activity against α-glucosidase. The IC50 values from the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay ranged between 16 and 275 µg/ml. Overall, E60 displayed significantly higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity, while E0 showed the lowest α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Major compounds detected in S. zalacca fruits were sugars, fatty acids, and sterols, including myo-inositol, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and β-sitosterol. Moreover, the results obtained from molecular docking indicated that palmitic acid and β-sitosterol were close to the active side of the enzyme. Some of the residues that interacted include HID295, ASN259, LEU313, LYS125, PHE159, VAL216, PHE178, TYR72, TYR158, HIE315, ARG315, and PHE303. The bioassay result strongly suggests that E60 extract from S. zalacca fruits has potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The hydrophobic compounds, including palmitic acid and β-sitosterol, were found to induce the α-glucosidase inhibition activity.
Recurrent Neural-Based Vehicle Demand Forecasting and Relocation Optimization for Car-Sharing System: A Real Use Case in Thailand
Authors: Vateekul Peerapon , Sri-iesaranusorn Panyawut , Aiemvaravutigul Pawit , Chanakitkarnchok Adsadawut , Rojviboonchai Kultida
Published: January 2021

A car-sharing system has been playing an important role as an alternative transport mode in order to avoid traffic congestion and pollution due to a quick growth of usage of private cars. In this paper, we propose a novel vehicle relocation system with a major improvement in threefolds: (i) data preprocessing, (ii) demand forecasting, and (iii) relocation optimization. The data preprocessing is presented in order to automatically remove fake demands caused by search failures and application errors. Then, the real demand is forecasted using a deep learning approach, Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit. Finally, the Minimum Cost Maximum Flow algorithm is deployed to maximize forecasted demands, while minimizing the amount of relocations. Furthermore, the system is deployed in the real use case, entitled “CU Toyota Ha:mo,” which is a car-sharing system in Chulalongkorn University. It is based on a web application along with rule-based notification via Line. The experiment was conducted based on the real vehicle usage data in 2019. By comparing in real environment in November of 2019, the results show that our model even outperforms the manual relocation by experienced staff. It achieved a 3% opportunity loss reduction and 3% less relocation trips, reducing human effort by 17 man-hours/week.
Orthokeratology and Low‐Intensity Laser Therapy for Slowing the Progression of Myopia in Children
Authors: Xiong Fen , Mao Tian , Liao Hongfei , Hu Xiaoqin , Shang Lei , Yu Li , Lin Nana , Huang Liang , Yi Yunmin , Zhou Rui , Zhou Xueyun , Yi Jinglin
Published: January 2021

Orthokeratology (OK) is widely used to slow the progression of myopia. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) provides sufficient low energy to change the cellular function. This research is aimed at verifying the hypothesis that LLLT treatment could control myopia progression and comparing the abilities of OK lenses and LLLT to control the refractive error of myopia. Eighty‐one children (81 eyes) who wore OK lenses, 74 children (74 eyes) who underwent LLLT treatment, and 74 children (74 eyes) who wore single‐vision distance spectacles for 6 months were included. Changes in axial length (AL) were 0.23 ± 0.06 mm for children wearing spectacles, 0.06 ± 0.15 mm for children wearing OK lens, and −0.06 ± 0.15 mm for children treated with LLLT for 6 months. Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) observed at the 6‐month examination were −16.84 ± 7.85 μm, 14.98 ± 22.50 μm, and 35.30 ± 31.75 μm for the control group, OK group, and LLLT group, respectively. Increases in AL at 1 month and 6 months were significantly associated with age at LLLT treatment. Changes in AL were significantly correlated with the baseline spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and baseline AL in the OK and LLLT groups. Increases in SFChT at 1 month and 6 months were positively associated with age at enrolment for children wearing OK lens. At 6 months, axial elongation had decelerated in OK lens‐wearers and LLLT‐treated children. Slightly better myopia control was observed with LLLT treatment than with overnight OK lens‐wearing. Evaluations of age, SER, and AL can enhance screening for high‐risk myopia, improve the myopia prognosis, and help determine suitable control methods yielding the most benefits.
Pedestrian Reidentification Algorithm Based on Deconvolution Network Feature Extraction‐Multilayer Attention Mechanism Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: An Feng-Ping , Liu Jun-e , Bai Lei
Published: January 2021

Pedestrian reidentification is a key technology in large‐scale distributed camera systems. It can quickly and efficiently detect and track target people in large‐scale distributed surveillance networks. The existing traditional pedestrian reidentification methods have problems such as low recognition accuracy, low calculation efficiency, and weak adaptive ability. Pedestrian reidentification algorithms based on deep learning have been widely used in the field of pedestrian reidentification due to their strong adaptive ability and high recognition accuracy. However, the pedestrian recognition method based on deep learning has the following problems: first, during the learning process of the deep learning model, the initial value of the convolution kernel is usually randomly assigned, which makes the model learning process easily fall into a local optimum. The second is that the model parameter learning method based on the gradient descent method exhibits gradient dispersion. The third is that the information transfer of pedestrian reidentification sequence images is not considered. In view of these issues, this paper first examines the feature map matrix from the original image through a deconvolution neural network, uses it as a convolution kernel, and then performs layer‐by‐layer convolution and pooling operations. Then, the second derivative information of the error function is directly obtained without calculating the Hessian matrix, and the momentum coefficient is used to improve the convergence of the backpropagation, thereby suppressing the gradient dispersion phenomenon. At the same time, to solve the problem of information transfer of pedestrian reidentification sequence images, this paper proposes a memory network model based on a multilayer attention mechanism, which uses the network to effectively store image visual information and pedestrian behavior information, respectively. It can solve the problem of information transmission. Based on the above ideas, this paper proposes a pedestrian reidentification algorithm based on deconvolution network feature extraction‐multilayer attention mechanism convolutional neural network. Experiments are performed on the related data sets using this algorithm and other major popular human reidentification algorithms. The results show that the pedestrian reidentification method proposed in this paper not only has strong adaptive ability but also has significantly improved average recognition accuracy and rank‐1 matching rate compared with other mainstream methods.
3D Functional Genomics Screens Identify CREBBP as a Targetable Driver in Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Peck Barrie , Bland Philip , Mavrommati Ioanna , Muirhead Gareth , Cottom Hannah , Wai Patty T. , Maguire Sarah L. , Barker Holly E. , Morrison Eamonn , Kriplani Divya , Yu Lu , Gibson Amy , Falgari Giulia , Brennan Keith , Farnie Gillian , Buus Richard , Marlow Rebecca , Novo Daniela , Knight Eleanor , Guppy Naomi , Kolarevic Daniela , Susnjar Snezana , Milijic Natasa Medic , Naidoo Kalnisha , Gazinska Patrycja , Roxanis Ioannis , Pancholi Sunil , Martin Lesley-Ann , Holgersen Erle M. , Cheang Maggie C.U. , Noor Farzana , Postel-Vinay Sophie , Quinn Gerard , McDade Simon , Krasny Lukas , Huang Paul , Daley Frances , Wallberg Fredrik , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Haider Syed , Tutt Andrew N. , Natrajan Rachael
Published: January 2021

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are resistant to standard-of-care chemotherapy and lack known targetable driver gene alterations. Identification of novel drivers could aid the discovery of new treatment strategies for this hard-to-treat patient population, yet studies using high-throughput and accurate models to define the functions of driver genes in TNBC to date have been limited. Here, we employed unbiased functional genomics screening of the 200 most frequently mutated genes in breast cancer, using spheroid cultures to model in vivo–like conditions, and identified the histone acetyltransferase CREBBP as a novel tumor suppressor in TNBC. CREBBP protein expression in patient tumor samples was absent in 8% of TNBCs and at a high frequency in other tumors, including squamous lung cancer, where CREBBP-inactivating mutations are common. In TNBC, CREBBP alterations were associated with higher genomic heterogeneity and poorer patient survival and resulted in upregulation and dependency on a FOXM1 proliferative program. Targeting FOXM1-driven proliferation indirectly with clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) selectively impaired growth in spheroids, cell line xenografts, and patient-derived models from multiple tumor types with CREBBP mutations or loss of protein expression. In conclusion, we have identified CREBBP as a novel driver in aggressive TNBC and identified an associated genetic vulnerability in tumor cells with alterations in CREBBP and provide a preclinical rationale for assessing CREBBP alterations as a biomarker of CDK4/6i response in a new patient population.

Significance:

This study demonstrates that CREBBP genomic alterations drive aggressive TNBC, lung cancer, and lymphomas and may be selectively treated with clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors.
The CDCP1 Signaling Hub: A Target for Cancer Detection and Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: Khan Tashbib , Kryza Thomas , Lyons Nicholas J. , He Yaowu , Hooper John D.
Published: January 2021

CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is upregulated in malignancies of the breast, lung, colorectum, ovary, kidney, liver, pancreas, and hematopoietic system. Here, we discuss CDCP1 as an important hub for oncogenic signaling and its key roles in malignant transformation and summarize approaches focused on exploiting it for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Elevated levels of CDCP1 are associated with progressive disease and markedly poorer survival. Predominantly located on the cell surface, CDCP1 lies at the nexus of key tumorigenic and metastatic signaling cascades, including the SRC/PKCδ, PI3K/AKT, WNT, and RAS/ERK axes, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid oxidation, making important functional contributions to cancer cell survival and growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. These findings have stimulated the development of agents that target CDCP1 for detection and treatment of a range of cancers, and results from preclinical models suggest that these approaches could be efficacious and have manageable toxicity profiles.