bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICAL REACTOR NONLINEAR CONTROL ALGORITHM USING SYNERGETIC APPROACH
Authors: Labutin Alexander N. , Nevinitsyn Vladimir Yu.
Published: April 2017

The problem of analytical synthesis of synergetic control system of chemical reactor for realization of a complex series–parallel exothermal reaction has been solved. The synthesis of control principles is performed using the analytical design method of aggregated regulators. A chemical reactor is one of the common apparatuses in chemical industry. Despite a large number of the works related to automation and control of chemical reactors, the problem of synthesizing control systems that provide the maintenance of optimal modes of their operation remains practically unsolved. This is related to the principal feature of chemical reactors as controlled objects, namely, manifold, non-linearity, and multi-coupling. An outcome from this situation is to develop a physical theory of control, in particular synergetic control theory. The use of synergism ideas in the problems of control assumes the development and realization of a method of directed target self-organization of dissipative non-linear systems “object-regulator”. Furthermore, the aim of the motion of a system is formulated as the desired invariant manifold in a phase space of the object, which acts as a target attractor. The paper deals with continuous stirred tank reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and cooling jacket. The reactor operates in the polytropic mode. The multistep series-parallel exothermic process is carried out in the reactor. The objective of chemical reactor operation is to obtain the key product of specified concentration. The aim of chemical reactor control system is to maintain both concentration of desired product and temperature of reaction mixture in the device at the given values under the action of disturbances on the object. Using the analytical design method of aggregated regulators on the basis of parallel-series combination of invariant manifolds, a non-linear control algorithm was synthesized, which solves the problem of stabilization of the concentration of the target component and mixture temperature. Computer simulation of the object–regulator isolated system confirmed these properties of synthesized control system as the disturbance invariance, covariance to the given actions, and asymptotic stability. These facts make synergetic control theory very promising for application for such complex, manifold, and nonlinear objects of chemical engineering as chemical reactors. For citation:Labutin A.N., Nevinitsyn V.Yu. Synthesis of chemical reactor nonlinear control algorithm using synergetic approach.Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N2. P. 38-44.
DISCRETE SIMULATION OF GAS FLOWS UNDER REDUCED PRESSURE
Authors: Bobkov Sergey P. , Sokolov Vladimir L.
Published: April 2017

A model using the standard rules of behavior of the particles of the lattice gas at their motion, and special rules for collisions in the lattice nodes was studied. The rules mentioned above are typical for HPP-gas. Beside the main components that describe the process within the simulated field, the nodes of wall were introduced in consideration. Also, to simulate the gas flow in the model   the sources of particles located at the border area were introduced. The results of numerical experiments on the behavior of the lattice HPP-gas at his movement between the parallel walls are presented. We considered the cases of absence or presence of obstacles in the flow. To assess the adequacy of the proposed model the transition possibility from the virtual model variables to the actual physical quantities was considered. The results of numerical experiments show that the model experiments carried out correspond to flow of real gases in laminar mode. In addition, the gas pressure at the experiments corresponded to medium vacuum mode. The obtained model data are quite match with the generally accepted views on the behavior of gases. Taking into account that given model is extremely simple and effective at the computer implementation, we can recommend it to describe a real gas flows in a medium vacuum. The possibility of application of 1-D model of lattice gas with orthogonal space lattice was studied for gas flow analysis. It was shown that proposed model can be recommended for computer simulation of real gas flow at lower pressure.   For citation:Bobkov S.P., Sokolov V.L. Discrete simulation of gas flows under reduced pressure. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 2. P. 79-84.
L’humour des Poilus canadiens durant la Grande Guerre (deuxième partie : Le Canard de Montréal)
Authors: Andrès Bernard
Published: April 2017

Malgré la crise de la conscription de 1917 et les tensions entre anglophones et francophones au sujet de l’engagement du Canada dans la Grande Guerre, plus de 30,000 Canadiens français partent pour le front. Ils s’illustreront notamment aux batailles d’Ypres, de Courcelette et de Vimy. Chez ces francophones dont la plupart se battent sous le drapeau britannique, on note une certaine ambivalence face « la » patrie (le Canada ? l’Angleterre ? la France ?). Défiance également envers la hiérarchie militaire et les autorités coloniales britanniques. De rares témoignages de première main publiés en français entre 1914 et 1920 permettent d’apprécier sous un angle nouveau —l’humour— cet épisode de l’histoire québécoise. Face à la censure de guerre et pour conjurer la mort, les récits recourent à ces stratégies d’évitement ou de subversion que sont l’humour, l’ironie et le sarcasme. On observe ces modes d’écriture dans les témoignages de quelques « Poilus » canadiens publiés entre 1914 et 1920. C’est ici le cas d’Une unité canadienne, “Coq‑à‑l’Âne” Sério-Comique, signé E. I. Oval, [pseudonyme de Joseph A. Lavoie], et E. Rastus [pseudonyme de Moïse Ernest Martin]. Cette charge illustrée est parue en feuilleton dans l’hebdomadaire satirique montréalais Le Canard, entre le 28 septembre 1919 et le 8 février 1920, puis dans une brochure de juin 1920. Les « justiciers masqués » Lavoie et Martin préfigurent nos actuels lanceurs d’alertes. Dénonçant avec humour les manquements à la sociabilité militaire, ils entendaient restaurer l’honneur de leur unité canadienne.
Ser Professor Formador de Professores a Distância: perspectivas constitutivas
Authors: Campos Machado Liliane
Published: April 2017

Este artigo resulta de pesquisa desenvolvida no estágio de pós doutoramento e tem como temática a formação dos professores formadores de professores, em cursos ofertados na modalidade de Educação a Distância. Objetivo investigar a percepção dos professores sobre a formação que receberam para formar professores por meio do ensino a distância. A nossa questão norteadora foi: Qual a percepção dos professores sobre a formação que receberam para formar professores por meio do ensino a distância? Que saberes, que currículos e que experiências eles possuem, estando na condição de formadores no curso de Pedagogia a distância da UAB/Unimontes? Adotamos uma metodologia quanti-qualitativa, a partir da análise de conteúdo. Os principais achados da pesquisa em relação ao professor que atua no curso de Pedagogia a distância da UAB/Unimontes foram: temos um professor na faixa etária entre quarenta e cinquenta. Os professores se formaram para atuar na EaD a maioria em cursos de extensão. Todos quando iniciaram o trabalho na UAB/Unimontes já tinham alguma experiência com a EaD embora muitos admitam que estão aprendendo muito ao desenvolver trabalho. Eles são otimistas com relação às novas tecnologias. Acreditamos que a qualificação do trabalho docente, na modalidade de EaD, só ocorrerá se o profissional tiver consciência de que essa modalidade de ensino não é uma nova roupagem ao ensino presencial.
A força da educação na integração de refugiados no Brasil: crianças russas na cidade de Santos (1958-1968)
Authors: Tucunduva Bittencourt Porto Vieira Marina , De Menezes Fabiano Lourenço , Higa Silva Bárbara Higa Silva*
Published: April 2017

Este artigo baseou-se em uma pesquisa que analisou o Instituto São Vladimir, entre os anos de 1958 a 1968. O Instituto São Vladimir foi uma instituição criada com o propósito de integrar crianças russas que chegaram como refugiadas da China na cidade de Santos. Os internos frequentavam escolas da cidade, onde tinham a educação formal durante um período do dia e a educação informal no local de moradia. O objetivo da instituição era inseri-los em uma nova cultura e, simultaneamente, conhecerem e valorizarem a cultura russa. A pesquisa foi qualitativa e com o uso da técnica da história oral coletamos cinco depoimentos: de um ex-diretor, três ex-internos e um frequentador. O estudo examinou as estratégias de educação utilizadas no Instituto São Vladimir para preservar e difundir a cultura russa e a influência que tais estratégias tiveram nas vidas das crianças que frequentaram o instituto. Os resultados indicam que o processo para integrar as crianças refugiadas no Brasil foi um marco para o processo de integração local de refugiados. Concluiu-se que ter passado pelo Instituto deixou marcas importantes na vida das pessoas que o frequentaram e houve um processo de hibridação cultural. Hoje os ex-internos continuam frequentando festividades russas na cidade de São Paulo, onde é possível observar a presença da inter-relação de hábitos russos e brasileiros.
Influence of Age, Sex, and Anthropometric Determinants on the Foot Posture Index in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Jimenez-Cebrian Ana María , Morente-Bernal María Francisca , Román-Bravo Pedro Daniel , Saucedo-Badía Juan Francisco , Alonso-Ríos Juan Antonio , Montiel-Luque Alonso
Published: April 2017

Background:

The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a clinical tool for diagnosis that aims to quantify the grade of a foot position as neutral, pronated, or supinated. Its purpose is to develop a simple six-factor method for rating foot posture with an easy and quantitative result. We evaluated possible differences in the FPI by sex and the influences of age, weight, height, foot size, and body mass index (BMI) on foot posture.

Methods:

In 150 asymptomatic children (79 boys and 71 girls) aged 8 to 13 years, we determined weight, height, BMI, and FPI in the bipedal, static, and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (–2, –1, 0, 1, 2) given to each of the six criteria.

Results:

The mean ± SD FPI value for the total sample was 5.1 ± 2.1 (boys: 5.1 ± 2.2; girls: 5.2 ± 2.0), so there were no significant differences between the sexes (P = .636). Of the 150 feet examined, none had FPI values of very supinated or highly pronated, two were supinated (1.3%), 76 neutral (50.7%), and 72 pronated (48.0%). Of the total FPI values, 7.7% can be explained by anthropometric variables: height, weight, and foot size (r2 = 0.077; P < .010).

Conclusions:

The most frequent foot postures in the sample were neutral and pronated. Neither age nor BMI explained variations in the FPI.
Symptomatic Os Vesalianum
Authors: Beil Frank Timo , Burghardt Rolf D. , Strahl Andre , Ruether Wolfgang , Niemeier Andreas
Published: April 2017

Os vesalianum is a rare accessory bone located proximal to the base of the fifth metatarsal in the peroneus brevis tendon. It is a radiographic diagnosis and mostly an asymptomatic incidental finding with a reported prevalence of 0.1% to 0.9%. Only 11 symptomatic cases have been described in the literature. Surgical therapy has been reported with good outcome in adults, whereas recurrence may follow excision during skeletal growth. We report a case of a 19-year-old girl with chronic weightbearing pain proximal to the base of the fifth metatarsal of her left foot. She first experienced exacerbated pain on increased loading when she started professional training as a shop assistant. Because several months of nonsurgical therapy failed, the decision was made to surgically excise the accessory bone from the peroneus brevis tendon via a longitudinal incision and a simple tendon-to-tendon reconstruction. Postoperative treatment consisted of using a walker to avoid weightbearing for 6 weeks, followed by a gradual return to full weightbearing as tolerated. At final follow-up, the patient was fully asymptomatic and was able to return to work. Citing this case, this article discusses differential diagnoses and treatment options for os vesalianum.
Fra fagarbeider til yrkesfaglærer: Førsteårsstudenters opplevelser av undervisning og veiledning i akademiske skriveferdigheter
Authors: Lindset Marit , Utvær Britt Karin Støen
Published: April 2017

Introduksjon: Yrkesfaglærerstudentene begynner på en utdanning der gode skriveferdigheter er en forutsetning for å klare seg gjennom utdanningen. Som lærerutdannere opplever vi at mange studenter strever med å beherske de kravene som stilles til akademisk skriving i høyere utdanning. Dette var bakgrunnen for at to lærere ved 3-årig yrkesfaglærerutdanningen i Trondheim startet en studie hvor formålet var å utforske hvordan førsteårstudentene opplevde et innføringskurs i skriving av akademiske oppgaver og ulike former for tilbakemelding på oppgaver i studiet (skriftlige, muntlige og digitale).Teori: Studien støtter seg i hovedsak til Illeris sine perspektiver på læring.Metode: Dataene utgjør 24 refleksjonslogger av 12 førsteårsstudenter i perioden 2014 – 2015. Analysene baserer seg på Lindseth og Norbergs fenomenologiske- hermeneutiske fremgangsmåte.Resultat: Studien viser at studentene ser et innføringskurs i akademisk skriving som helt nødvendig og av stor betydning for utvikling av deres skriveferdigheter og for videreutvikling av oppgaver. Konkrete, skriftlige tilbakemeldinger direkte i teksten sammen med en oppsummerende tekst til slutt er en form for tilbakemelding studentene opplever som viktig og nyttig. Muntlige tilbakemeldinger virker oppklarende og motiverende. Sammen med muntlige tilbakemeldinger fremheves digitale tilbakemeldinger som svært viktig for å skape trygghet og motivasjon for å jobbe videre.Konklusjon: Førsteårsstudenter forteller om stor usikkerhet og sårbarhet i skrivearbeidet. De opplever et skrivekurs som vesentlig for å mestre kravene som stilles til akademisk skriving i høyere utdanning og ser kvaliteter ved både skriftlige, muntlige og digitale tilbakemeldinger i arbeidet med å ferdigstille oppgaver i studiet. Skriftlige tilbakemeldinger oppleves som helt nødvendige.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Aortopulmonary Window: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Tongprasert Fuanglada , Sittiwangkul Rekwan , Jatavan Phudit , Tongsong Theera
Published: April 2017

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart defect, characterized by a connection between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk before bifurcation. Prenatal diagnosis of APW is essential, as a surgical correction early after birth is required in most cases to prevent congestive heart failure secondary to high pulmonary blood flow. We report a series of three cases of APW that were detected by prenatal echocardiography. The key feature of diagnosis is demonstration of connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta above the level of the two semilunar valves. Based on our cases and literature review, diagnostic clues for prenatal diagnosis of APW are summarized and proposed.
Ice particle morphology and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds inferred from combined CALIOP‐IIR measurements
Authors: Saito Masanori , Iwabuchi Hironobu , Yang Ping , Tang Guanglin , King Michael D. , Sekiguchi Miho
Published: April 2017

Ice particle morphology and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds are essential for assessing radiative forcing associated with these clouds. We develop an optimal estimation‐based algorithm to infer cirrus cloud optical thickness (COT), cloud effective radius (CER), plate fraction including quasi‐horizontally oriented plates (HOPs), and the degree of surface roughness from the Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and the Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) on the Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) platform. A simple but realistic ice particle model is used, and the relevant bulk optical properties are computed using state‐of‐the‐art light‐scattering computational capabilities. Rigorous estimation of uncertainties related to surface properties, atmospheric gases, and cloud heterogeneity is performed. The results based on the present method show that COTs are quite consistent with other satellite products and CERs essentially agree with the other counterparts. A 1 month global analysis for April 2007, in which CALIPSO off‐nadir angle is 0.3°, shows that the HOP has significant temperature‐dependence and is critical to the lidar ratio when cloud temperature is warmer than −40°C. The lidar ratio is calculated from the bulk optical properties based on the inferred parameters, showing robust temperature dependence. The median lidar ratio of cirrus clouds is 27–31 sr over the globe.
Reanalysis of climate influences on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity using cluster analysis
Authors: Boudreault Mathieu , Caron Louis‐Philippe , Camargo Suzana J.
Published: April 2017

We analyze, using Poisson regressions, the main climate influences on North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. The analysis is performed using not only various time series of basin‐wide storm counts but also various series of regional clusters, taking into account shortcomings of the hurricane database through estimates of missing storms. The analysis confirms that tropical cyclones forming in different regions of the Atlantic are susceptible to different climate influences. We also investigate the presence of trends in these various time series, both at the basin‐wide and cluster levels, and show that, even after accounting for possible missing storms, there remains an upward trend in the eastern part of the basin and a downward trend in the western part. Using model selection algorithms, we show that the best model of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity for the recent past is constructed using Atlantic sea surface temperature and upper tropospheric temperature, while for the 1878–2015 period, the chosen covariates are Atlantic sea surface temperature and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. We also note that the presence of these artificial trends can impact the selection of the best covariates. If the underlying series shows an upward trend, then the mean Atlantic sea surface temperature captures both interannual variability and the upward trend, artificial or not. The relative sea surface temperature is chosen instead for stationary counts. Finally, we show that the predictive capability of the statistical models investigated is low for U.S. landfalling hurricanes but can be considerably improved when forecasting combinations of clusters whose hurricanes are most likely to make landfall.
Confinement, Girls
Authors: Holsinger Kristi
Published: April 2017

The confinement of girls has become more visible as their rate of incarceration has risen significantly over the past two decades. Theories about girls' delinquency have shaped system responses to them in the past, and recent theoretical work points to the need for significant system reform. Understanding who these girls are and why they are incarcerated should lead to less restrictive responses to their delinquent behaviors and responses that more adequately address their needs.
Twist Extrusion as a Potent Tool for Obtaining Advanced Engineering Materials: A Review
Authors: Beygelzimer Yan , Kulagin Roman , Estrin Yuri , Toth Laszlo S. , Kim Hyoung Seop , Latypov Marat I.
Published: April 2017

Twist extrusion (TE) is one of the most popular techniques of severe plastic deformation, aiming at imparting to a material a tailored microstructure and the associated property improvement. The article provides a survey of the literature on the mechanics of TE and the effect it has on the structure, texture, and the attendant properties of various materials, including metals and alloys, powder materials, and polymers. Special emphasis is placed on vortex flow during TE and its hitherto unexplored potential for producing micro‐ and macrostructures that promise superior properties of the materials. In particular, the possibility of creating novel hybrid materials with chiral inner architecture is demonstrated. The survey is concluded by a presentation of examples of practical applications of TE.
The genome‐wide expression effects of escitalopram and its relationship to neurogenesis, hippocampal volume, and antidepressant response
Authors: Powell Timothy R. , Murphy Tytus , de Jong Simone , Lee Sang Hyuck , Tansey Katherine E. , Hodgson Karen , Uher Rudolf , Price Jack , Thuret Sandrine , Breen Gerome
Published: April 2017

Antidepressant‐induced hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is hypothesized to contribute to increases in hippocampal volume among major depressive disorder patients after long‐term treatment. Furthermore, rodent studies suggest AHN may be the cellular mechanism mediating the therapeutic benefits of antidepressants. Here, we perform the first investigation of genome‐wide expression changes associated with AHN in human cells. We identify gene expression networks significantly activated during AHN, and we perform gene set analyses to probe the molecular relationship between AHN, hippocampal volume, and antidepressant response. The latter were achieved using genome‐wide association summary data collected from 30,717 individuals as part of the ENIGMA Consortium (genetic predictors of hippocampal volume dataset), and data collected from 1,222 major depressed patients as part of the NEWMEDS Project (genetic predictors of response to antidepressants dataset). Our results showed that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, escitalopram evoked AHN in human cells; dose‐dependently increasing the differentiation of cells into neuroblasts, as well as increasing gliogenesis. Activated genome‐wide expression networks relate to axon and microtubule formation, and ribosomal biogenesis. Gene set analysis revealed that gene expression changes associated with AHN were nominally enriched for genes predictive of hippocampal volume, but not for genes predictive of therapeutic response.
A mutation in the Tubb4a gene leads to microtubule accumulation with hypomyelination and demyelination
Authors: Duncan Ian D. , Bugiani Marianna , Radcliff Abigail B. , Moran John J. , Lopez‐Anido Camila , Duong Phu , August Benjamin K. , Wolf Nicole I. , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Svaren John
Published: April 2017

Objective

Our goal was to define the genetic cause of the profound hypomyelination in the taiep rat model and determine its relevance to human white matter disease.

Methods

Based on previous localization of the taiep mutation to rat chromosome 9, we tested whether the mutation resided within the Tubb4a (β‐tubulin 4A) gene, because mutations in the TUBB4A gene have been described in patients with central nervous system hypomyelination. To determine whether accumulation of microtubules led to progressive demyelination, we analyzed the spinal cord and optic nerves of 2‐year‐old rats by light and electron microscopy. Cerebral white matter from a patient with TUBB4A Asn414Lys mutation and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of severe hypomyelination were studied similarly.

Results

As the taiep rat ages, there is progressive loss of myelin in the brain and dorsal column of the spinal cord associated with increased oligodendrocyte numbers with accumulation of microtubules. This accumulation involved the entire cell body and distal processes of oligodendrocytes, but there was no accumulation of microtubules in axons. A single point mutation in Tubb4a (p.Ala302Thr) was found in homozygous taiep samples. A similar hypomyelination associated with increased oligodendrocyte numbers and arrays of microtubules in oligodendrocytes was demonstrated in the human patient sample.

Interpretation

The taiep rat is the first animal model of TUBB4 mutations in humans and a novel system in which to test the mechanism of microtubule accumulation. The finding of microtubule accumulation in a patient with a TUBB4A mutation and leukodystrophy confirms the usefulness of taiep as a model of the human disease. Ann Neurol 2017;81:690–702
Preparation of functional reduced graphene oxide and its influence on the properties of polyimide composites
Authors: Ma Lang , Wang Guojian , Dai Jinfeng
Published: April 2017

Homogeneous dispersion and strong filler–matrix interfacial interactions were vital factors for graphene for enhancing the properties of polymer composites. To improve the dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix and enhance the interfacial interactions, graphene oxide (GO), as an important precursor of graphene, was functionalized with amine‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG–NH2) to prepare GO–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Then, GO–PEG was further reduced to prepare modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–PEG with N2H4·H2O. The success of the modification was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Different loadings of rGO–PEG were introduced into polyimide (PI) to produce composites via in situ polymerization and a thermal reduction process. The modification of PEG–NH2 on the surface of rGO inhibited its reaggregation and improved the filler–matrix interfacial interactions. The properties of the composites were enhanced by the incorporation of rGO–PEG. With the addition of 1.0 wt % rGO–PEG, the tensile strength of PI increased by 81.5%, and the electrical conductivity increased by eight orders of magnitude. This significant improvement was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of rGO–PEG and its strong filler–matrix interfacial interactions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45119.
Wettability of a microgrid‐structured polymer film with microfabrication utilizing the stick–slip phenomenon
Authors: Naito Keishi , Yamada Taisei , Tsutsumi Takafumi , Yashiro Kisaragi
Published: April 2017

A microgrid structure was formed on the surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film with an original microfabrication method (termed SS processing) utilizing the stick–slip (SS) phenomenon, and the effect of this surface structure on wettability was evaluated. Microgrid‐structured films could be fabricated by two‐axis SS processing. Moreover, an arbitrary parallelogram microgrid structure could be formed by selecting the direction of the second SS processing with respect to that of the first SS processing. Both water contact angle and water sliding angle of the SS‐processed film were larger than that of the PET film. Hence, the SS‐processed film showed a petal‐like effect. Furthermore, the water sliding angle of the microgrid‐structured film showed anisotropy due to the pinning effect derived from the microgrid structure. As a result, it is revealed that a hydrophobic PET film with a petal‐like effect and anisotropic wettability can be fabricated by SS processing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45140.
Cimicifoetones A and B, Dimeric Prenylindole Alkaloids as Black Pigments of Cimicifuga foetida
Authors: Zhou Chang‐Xin , Yu Yu‐E , Sheng Rong , Mo Jian‐Xia , Huang Min , Ouyang Liang , Gan Li‐She
Published: April 2017

Two dimeric prenylindole alkaloids with a unique indole‐benzoindolequinone skeleton, cimicifoetones A (1) and B (2), were isolated as black pigments from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HRMS and 2D NMR, as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and computational chemical modeling techniques. Cimicifoetones A and B represented the first examples of dimeric indole alkaloids generated through [4+2] Diels–Alder cycloaddition between the prenyl side chain in one 3‐prenylindole and the aromatic ring in another. The two compounds showed promising anti‐proliferative activity on seven tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 1.36–21.09 μm. Flow cytometric and western blot analysis revealed that compound 2 induced cell apoptosis via death receptor‐mediated extrinsic and mitochondrial‐mediated intrinsic pathways.
Proximal methods for calibration transfer
Authors: Boucher Thomas , Dyar M. Darby , Mahadevan Sridhar
Published: April 2017

Calibration transfer (CT) is the process of transferring a calibration curve from one instrument to another or from one set of conditions to another. Direct standardization (DS) of the spectra from asourceto atargetrepresentation is a popular method of CT, but the multivariate objective function is often significantly underdetermined. Piecewise DS regularizes DS by assuming only local differences between source and target spectra but requires the same wavelength sampling between instruments. In this work, a regularization framework from the field of convex optimization, proximal regularizers, is introduced to standardize instruments that sample at different wavelength ranges and where the differences may have global effects on the spectra. In this framework, penalty terms are appended to the DS objective function to enforce certain behaviors in the transfer matrix and the resulting transferred spectra, including sparsity and smoothness. This framework is shown to be effective at transferring spectra from a source near‐infrared instrument with a narrow wavelength range to a target instrument with a much wider wavelength range. This is demonstrated using two publicly available near‐infrared datasets.
Magnesium‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation: Facile Access to All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers in Oxindoles
Authors: Katayev Dmitry , Kajita Harutake , Togni Antonio
Published: April 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue is Dmitry Katayev and co‐workers from the group of Antonio Togni at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich. The image depicts a magnesium salt as a key player that is able to perform the direct electrophilic trifluoromethylation of 3‐substituted oxindoles. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201700851.
Environmental Impact of Ionic Liquids: Recent Advances in (Eco)toxicology and (Bio)degradability
Authors: Costa Susana P. F. , Azevedo Ana M. O. , Pinto Paula C. A. G. , Saraiva M. Lúcia M. F. S.
Published: April 2017

This Review aims to integrate the most recent and pertinent data available on the (bio)degradability and toxicity of ionic liquids for global and critical analysis and on the conscious use of these compounds on a large scale thereafter. The integrated data will enable focus on the recognition of toxicophores and on the way the community has been dealing with them, with the aim to obtain greener and safer ionic liquids. Also, an update of the most recent biotic and abiotic methods developed to overcome some of these challenging issues will be presented. The review structure aims to present a potential sequence of events that can occur upon discharging ionic liquids into the environment and the potential long‐term consequences.
Perceived Parenting, Self‐Conscious Emotions, and Forgiveness in College Students
Authors: Wright Christina N. , Turner Lisa A. , McCarty Danny L.
Published: April 2017

The relations of parental warmth, self‐conscious emotions, and forgiveness were investigated. University students completed self‐report questionnaires online through the university‐sponsored website. The questionnaires contained measures of five constructs: parental warmth, empathy, shame, self‐forgiveness, and interpersonal forgiveness. From the results, the authors concluded that interpersonal forgiveness and self‐forgiveness were predicted by parental warmth, empathy, and shame. Empathy mediated the relation of parental warmth with interpersonal forgiveness and self‐forgiveness. Parental warmth and self‐conscious emotions were important in the prediction of both interpersonal forgiveness and self‐forgiveness.
Decreased feedback learning in anorexia nervosa persists after weight restoration
Authors: Foerde Karin , Steinglass Joanna E.
Published: April 2017

Objective

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious disorder, with a mortality rate the highest of any psychiatric illness. It is notoriously challenging to treat and mechanisms of illness are not well understood. Reward system abnormalities have been proposed across theoretical models of the persistence of AN. Feedback learning is an important component of how reward systems shape behavior and we hypothesized that individuals with AN would show poorer learning from feedback.

Methods

We administered the acquired equivalence task to measure both learning from incremental feedback and generalization of that learning to novel stimuli. Participants were individuals with AN (n = 36) before and after intensive weight restoration treatment and healthy comparison participants (HC, n = 26) tested twice. Performance was assessed as accuracy during the Learning and Test phases, for both trained and novel stimuli. The relationship between task performance and eating disorder severity at baseline was also assessed.

Results

Both before and after treatment, individuals with AN showed reduced learning from feedback in the Learning phase (F3,180 = 2.75, p = .048) and lower accuracy during the Test phase (F1,60 = 4.29, p = .043), as compared with HC. Individuals with AN did not differ from HC in accuracy for novel stimuli (F1,60 = 1.04, p = .312), indicating no deficit in generalization. Decreased acquisition of feedback learning was associated with longer illness duration and with greater eating disorder symptom severity at baseline.

Conclusions

Individuals with AN show reduced learning from feedback or reinforcement, which may contribute to difficulties in changing maladaptive behaviors.
Effect of intracoronary administration of AAV1/SERCA2a on ventricular remodelling in patients with advanced systolic heart failure: results from the AGENT‐HF randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Hulot Jean‐Sébastien , Salem Joe‐Elie , Redheuil Alban , Collet Jean‐Philippe , Varnous Shaida , Jourdain Patrick , Logeart Damien , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Bernard Claude , Hatem Stéphane N. , Isnard Richard , Cluzel Philippe , Le Feuvre Claude , Leprince Pascal , Hammoudi Nadjib , Lemoine François M. , Klatzmann David , Vicaut Eric , Komajda Michel , Montalescot Gilles , Lompré Anne‐Marie , Hajjar Roger J. ,   on behalf of the AGENT‐HF Investigators
Published: April 2017

Aims

Restoration of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) activity through gene transfer improved cardiac function in experimental and pilot studies in humans with heart failure. The AGENT‐HF (NCT01966887) trial investigated the impact of adeno‐associated virus (AAV1)/SERCA2a on ventricular remodelling using multimodality non‐invasive cardiac imaging.

Methods and results

AGENT‐HF was a single centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in adult patients with NYHA class III–IV ischaemic or non‐ischaemic heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%. Eligible patients were randomized to receive a single intracoronary infusion of either 1 × 1013 DNase‐resistant particles of AAV1/SERCA2a or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV), measured by cardiac computed tomography at 6 month follow‐up. We planned to include 40 patients but the trial was terminated prematurely as the sponsor suspended further enrolment following neutral results of the CUPID‐2 outcome trial. At the time of termination, nine patients were randomized with five patients infused with AAV1/SERCA2a and four with placebo. At 6 months, LVESV was increased in both groups compared with baseline: median (interquartile range) in AAV1/SERCA2a vs. placebo: 13 (13;14) mL vs. 3.5 (−36;36) mL, P = 0.74, with a mean difference between groups of 11.4 mL in favour of placebo. No safety issues were noted.

Conclusion

AGENT‐HF failed to demonstrate any improvement in ventricular remodelling in response to AAV1/SERCA2a at the dose studied. However, because of premature termination, the study was underpowered to demonstrate an effect of AAV1/SERCA2a and these data should be interpreted with caution.
Voltammetric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Melatonin and Pyridoxine in Dietary Supplements Using a Cathodically Pretreated Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Alpar Nurcan , Pınar Pınar Talay , Yardım Yavuz , Şentürk Zühre
Published: April 2017

The simultaneous voltammetric determination of melatonin (MT) and pyridoxine (PY) has been carried out at a cathodically pretreated boron‐doped diamond electrode. By using cyclic voltammetry, a separation of the oxidation peak potentials of both compounds present in mixture was about 0.47 V in Britton‐Robinson buffer, pH 2. The results obtained by square‐wave voltammetry allowed a method to be developed for determination of MT and PY simultaneously in the ranges 1–100 μg mL−1 (4.3×10−6–4.3×10−4 mol L−1) and 10–175 μg mL−1 (4.9×10−5–8.5×10−4 mol L−1), with detection limits of 0.14 μg mL−1 (6.0×10−7 mol L−1) and 1.35 μg mL−1 (6.6×10−6 mol L−1), respectively. The proposed method was successfully to the dietary supplements samples containing these compounds for health‐caring purposes.
Can we manage coastal ecosystems to sequester more blue carbon?
Authors: Macreadie Peter I , Nielsen Daniel A , Kelleway Jeffrey J , Atwood Trisha B , Seymour Justin R , Petrou Katherina , Connolly Rod M , Thomson Alexandra CG , Trevathan‐Tackett Stacey M , Ralph Peter J
Published: April 2017

To promote the sequestration of blue carbon, resource managers rely on best‐management practices that have historically included protecting and restoring vegetated coastal habitats (seagrasses, tidal marshes, and mangroves), but are now beginning to incorporate catchment‐level approaches. Drawing upon knowledge from a broad range of environmental variables that influence blue carbon sequestration, including warming, carbon dioxide levels, water depth, nutrients, runoff, bioturbation, physical disturbances, and tidal exchange, we discuss three potential management strategies that hold promise for optimizing coastal blue carbon sequestration: (1) reducing anthropogenic nutrient inputs, (2) reinstating top‐down control of bioturbator populations, and (3) restoring hydrology. By means of case studies, we explore how these three strategies can minimize blue carbon losses and maximize gains. A key research priority is to more accurately quantify the impacts of these strategies on atmospheric greenhouse‐gas emissions in different settings at landscape scales.
HnRNPM and CD44s expression affects tumor aggressiveness and predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastases
Authors: Sun Huizhi , Liu Tieju , Zhu Dongwang , Dong Xueyi , Liu Fang , Liang Xiaohui , Chen Chen , Shao Bing , Wang Meili , Wang Yi
Published: April 2017

HnRNPM is an essential splicing factor and its expression is closely correlated with invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. The CD44 cell adhesion molecule is aberrantly expressed in many breast tumors and CD44 splice variants have been implicated in specific oncogenic signaling pathways. To investigate the clinical significance and biological function of hnRNPM, immunohistochemistry, quantitative, and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction, lentiviral transfection system and transwell invasion assays were performed. We found that hnRNPM expression was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with benign breast lesions. Although there was no significant correlation between hnRNPM and total CD44 protein or mRNA level, there was a negative correlation between hnRNPM and CD44v6. HnRNPM and CD44s expression showed positive correlation and in particular, they were dually expressed in breast cancer tissues. Interestingly, cancer stem cells marker, ALDH1+ phenotype was positively associated with overexpression of CD44s or hnRNPM and negatively related to CD44v6. Patients with high hnRNPM tended to have higher levels of CD44s, shorter overall survival (OS) and higher rates of lymph node metastases (LNM). Remarkably, Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analyses displayed that hnRNPM+ or CD44shigh was a poor prognostic factor for OS of patients with LNM. Upregulation of hnRNPM in MCF‐7 cells caused a significant increase in cell invasion, and this effect may occur through the regulation of CD44s expression. In conclusion, overexpression of hnRNPM promotes breast cancer aggressiveness by regulating the level of CD44s, indicates a poor prognosis for patients with LNM, and has potential as therapeutic targets.
The neuropsychology of delirium: advancing the science of delirium assessment
Authors: Tieges Zoë , Evans Jonathan J. , Neufeld Karin J. , MacLullich Alasdair M.J.
Published: April 2017

Objective

The diagnosis of delirium depends on eliciting its features through mental status examination and informant history. However, there is marked heterogeneity in how these features are assessed, from binary subjective clinical judgement to more comprehensive methods supported by cognitive testing. The aim of this article is to review the neuropsychological research in delirium and suggest future directions in research and clinical practice.

Methods

We reviewed the neuropsychological literature on formal assessment and quantification of the different domains in delirium, focusing on the core feature of inattention.

Results

Few studies have characterised and quantified the features of delirium using objective methods commonly employed in neuropsychological research. The existing evidence confirms that patients with delirium usually show impairments on objective tests of attention compared with cognitively intact controls and, in most cases, compared with patients with dementia. Further, abnormal level of arousal appears to be a specific indicator of delirium. The neuropsychological evidence base for impairments in other cognitive domains in delirium, including visual perception, language and thought processes, is small.

Conclusions

Delirium diagnosis requires accurate testing for its features, but there is little neuropsychological research examining the nature of these features, or evaluating the reliability, validity and discriminatory power of existing assessment processes. More research using the neuropsychological approach has enormous potential to improve and standardise delirium assessment methods of the individual features of delirium, such as inattention, and in developing more robust reference standards to enable greater comparability between studies.
The impact of economic crisis on the Greek hospitals' productivity
Authors: Mitropoulos Panagiotis , Mitropoulos Ioannis , Karanikas Haralampos , Polyzos Nikolaos
Published: April 2017

During the recent economic crisis, Greece implemented a comprehensive reform in the health care system. The 2010 health reform occurred under the constraints imposed by the memorandum of understanding that the Greek Government signed with its EU/International Monetary Fund creditors to control its deficit. The objective of the study is to examine the impact of the reform on the efficiency and productivity of public hospitals in Greece. We use the Malmquist productivity index to comparatively examine the potential changes before and after the reform years. We compare productivity, efficiency, and technological changes using panel data of 111 public acute hospitals operating in Greece throughout the recession period of 2009 to 2012. Bootstrapping methods are applied to allow for uncertainty owing to sampling error and for statistical inference for the Malmquist productivity index and its decompositions. The analysis indicates that the productivity has been increased following the policy changes. It appears that the expected benefits from the reform in general have been achieved, at least in the short‐term. This result is examined in the light of management and operations activities, which are related with the reform process. Therefore, at a second stage, the Malmquist index is regressed on variables that may potentially be statistically associated with productivity growth.
Multidomain truncated hemoglobins: New members of the globin family exhibiting tandem repeats of globin units and domain fusion
Authors: Hade Mangesh Dattu , Kaur Jagdeep , Chakraborti Pradip K. , Dikshit Kanak L.
Published: April 2017

Truncated hemoglobins (trHbs) are considered the most primitive members of globin superfamily and traditionally exist as a single domain heme protein in three distinct structural organizations, type I (trHb1_N), type II (trHb2_O) and type III (trHb3_P). Our search of microbial and lower eukaryotic genomes revealed a broad array of multidomain organization, representing multiunit and chimeric forms of trHbs, where multiple units of trHbs are joined together and/or integrated with distinct functional domains. Globin motifs of these multidomain trHbs were from all three groups of trHbs and unambiguously assigned to trHb1_N, trHb2_O and trHb3_P. Multiunit and chimeric forms of trHb1_N were identified exclusively in ciliated protozoan parasites, where multiple units of trHb are integrated in tandem and/or fused with another redox active or signalling domain, presenting an interesting example of gene duplication and fusion in lower eukaryotes. In contrast, trHb2_O and trHb3_P trHbs were found only in bacteria in two or multidomain organization, where amino or carboxy terminus of trHb unit is integrated with different redox‐active or oxidoreductase domains. The identification of these new multiunit and chimeric trHbs and their specific phyletic distribution presents an interesting and challenging finding to explore and understand complex functionalities of these novel multidomain trHbs. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(7):479–488, 2017
Determining the role of the underlying orbital‐dependence of PBE0‐DH and PBE‐QIDH double‐hybrid density functionals
Authors: Sancho‐García Juan Carlos , Pérez‐Jiménez Ángel José , Savarese Marika , Brémond Éric , Adamo Carlo
Published: April 2017

We study the orbital‐dependence of three (parameter‐free) double‐hybrid density functionals, namely the PBE0‐DH, the PBE‐QIDH models, and the SOS1‐PBE‐QIDH spin‐opposite‐scaled variant of the latter. To do it, we feed all their energy terms with different sets of orbitals obtained previously from self‐consistent density functional theory calculations using several exchange‐correlation functionals (e.g., PBE, PBE0, PBEH&H), or directly with HF‐PBE orbitals, to see their effect on selected datasets for atomization and reaction energies, the latter proned to marked self‐interaction errors. We find that the PBE‐QIDH double‐hybrid model shows a great consistency, as the best results are always obtained for the set of orbitals corresponding to its hybrid scheme, which prompts us to recommend this model without any other fitting or reparameterization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acculturative Stress, Parental and Professor Attachment, and College Adjustment in Asian International Students
Authors: Han Suejung , Pistole M. Carole , Caldwell Jarred M.
Published: April 2017

This study examined parental and professor attachment as buffers against acculturative stress and as predictors of college adjustment of 210 Asian international students (AISs). Moderated hierarchical regression analyses revealed that acculturative stress negatively and secure parental and professor attachment positively predicted academic integration. Secure professor attachment positively predicted grade point average. Mother attachment may buffer against acculturative stress on academic integration; father attachment may exacerbate it. Counselors may use these findings to enhance AISs' attachment functioning for their college adjustment.

Este estudio examinó el apego parental y el apego al profesor como protectores contra el estrés aculturativo y como indicadores de adaptación al entorno académico en 210 estudiantes internacionales asiáticos (AIS, por sus siglas en inglés). Los análisis de regresión jerárquica moderada revelaron que el estrés aculturativo fue un indicador negativo de integración académica, mientras que el apego parental y el apego al profesor fueron indicadores positivos. El apego seguro al profesor fue un indicador positivo de la media de las calificaciones académicas. El apego materno puede proteger contra el estrés aculturativo en la integración académica; el apego paterno puede agravarlo. Los consejeros pueden usar estos descubrimientos para enfatizar el funcionamiento del apego en los AIS para su adaptación al entorno académico.