bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and radiological assessment of the induced membrane technique using beta-tricalcium phosphate in reconstructive surgery for lower extremity long bone defects
Authors: Sasaki Gen , Watanabe Yoshinobu , Yasui Youichi , Nishizawa Mari , Saka Natsumi , Kawano Hirotaka , Miyamoto Wataru
Published: February 2021

Aims

To clarify the effectiveness of the induced membrane technique (IMT) using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for reconstruction of segmental bone defects by evaluating clinical and radiological outcomes, and the effect of defect size and operated site on surgical outcomes.

Methods

A review of the medical records was conducted of consecutive 35 lower limbs (30 males and five females; median age 46 years (interquartile range (IQR) 40 to 61)) treated with IMT using β-TCP between 2014 and 2018. Lower Extremity Functional Score (LEFS) was examined preoperatively and at final follow-up to clarify patient-centered outcomes. Bone healing was assessed radiologically, and time from the second stage to bone healing was also evaluated. Patients were divided into ≥ 50 mm and < 50 mm defect groups and into femoral reconstruction, tibial reconstruction, and ankle arthrodesis groups.

Results

There were ten and 25 defects in the femur and tibia, respectively. Median LEFS improved significantly from 8 (IQR 1.5 to 19.3) preoperatively to 63.5 (IQR 57 to 73.3) at final follow-up (p < 0.001). Bone healing was achieved in all limbs, and median time from the second stage to bone healing was six months (IQR 5 to 10). Median time to bone healing, preoperative LEFS, or postoperative LEFS did not differ significantly between the defect size groups or among the treatment groups.

Conclusion

IMT using β-TCP provided satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes for segmental bone defects in the lower limbs; surgical outcomes were not influenced by bone defect size or operated part. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):456–461.
Development of a large animal rabbit model for chronic periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Yagi Haruyo , Kihara Shinsuke , Mittwede Peter N. , Maher Patrick L. , Rothenberg Adam C. , Falcione Alyssa D. C. M. , Chen Antonia , Urish Kenneth L. , Tuan Rocky S. , Alexander Peter Geoffrey
Published: February 2021

Aims

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) and osteomyelitis are clinical challenges that are difficult to eradicate. Well-characterized large animal models necessary for testing and validating new treatment strategies for these conditions are lacking. The purpose of this study was to develop a rabbit model of chronic PJI in the distal femur.

Methods

Fresh suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) were prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (1 × 109 colony-forming units (CFUs)/ml). Periprosthetic osteomyelitis in female New Zealand white rabbits was induced by intraosseous injection of planktonic bacterial suspension into a predrilled bone tunnel prior to implant screw placement, examined at five and 28 days (n = 5/group) after surgery, and compared to a control aseptic screw group. Radiographs were obtained weekly, and blood was collected to measure ESR, CRP, and white blood cell (WBC) counts. Bone samples and implanted screws were harvested on day 28, and processed for histological analysis and viability assay of bacteria, respectively.

Results

Intraosseous periprosthetic introduction of planktonic bacteria induced an acute rise in ESR and CRP that subsided by day 14, and resulted in radiologically evident periprosthetic osteolysis by day 28 accompanied by elevated WBC counts and histological evidence of bacteria in the bone tunnels after screw removal. The aseptic screw group induced no increase in ESR, and no lysis developed around the implants. Bacterial viability was confirmed by implant sonication fluid culture.

Conclusion

Intraosseous periprosthetic introduction of planktonic bacteria reliably induces survivable chronic PJI in rabbits. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(3):156–165.
Stable 5-GHz fundamental repetition rate passively SESAM mode-locked Er-doped silica fiber lasers
Authors: Gao Xibao , Zhao Zhigang , Cong Zhenhua , Gao Guanguang , Zhang Aiguo , Guo Honglong , Yao Gang , Liu Zhaojun
Published: February 2021

A stable passively mode-locked Er-doped silica fiber laser with a fundamental repetition rate of up to 5 GHz is demonstrated, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest repetition rate for 1.5 μm semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) mode-locked Er-doped silica fiber (EDF) lasers. A segment of commercially available EDF with a net gain coefficient of 1 dB/cm is employed as gain medium. The compact Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity features a fiber mirror, namely multiple-layer dielectric films (DFs) directly coated on end facet of a passive fiber ferrule, enabling a short cavity length of 2 cm configured. The mode-locked oscillator operates at 1561.0 nm with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 62.1 dB, whose average power is boosted to 27 mW by a single-mode Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and spectral bandwidth is broadened form 0.69 nm to 1.16 nm with a pulse width of 3.86 ps. The fiber laser shows excellent spectral stability without conspicuous wavelength drifting for 3 hours. Moreover, the basic guidelines of selecting SESAM for high repetition rate passively mode-locked fiber lasers is given.
Photon storage and routing in quantum dots with spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Shou Chong , Zhang Qi , Luo Wenchen , Huang Guoxiang
Published: February 2021

As an essential element for quantum information processing and quantum communication, efficient quantum memory based on solid-state platforms is imperative for practical applications but remains a challenge. Here we propose a scheme to realize a highly efficient and controllable storage and routing of single photons based on quantum dots (QDs) with a Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We show that the SOC in the QDs can provide a flexible built-up of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for single-photon propagation, and storage, retrieval, as well as routing of single-photon wavepackets can also be implemented through the EIT. Moreover, we demonstrate that the propagation loss of the single-photon wavepackets in the QDs may be largely suppressed by means of a weak microwave field, by which the storage and routing of the single photons can be made to have high efficiency and fidelity. Our research opens a route for designs of advanced solid-state devices promising for applications in photonic quantum-information processing and transmission based on the QDs with SOC.
Ultra-brilliant GeV betatronlike radiation from energetic electrons oscillating in frequency-downshifted laser pulses
Authors: Lu Yu , Zhang Guo-Bo , Zhao Jie , Hu Yan-Ting , Zhang Hao , Li Dong-Ao , Li Qian-Ni , Cao Yue , Wu Yan-Bo , Yin Yan , Shao Fu-Qiu , Yu Tong-Pu
Published: February 2021

Electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies with high collimation via laser wakefield acceleration in the bubble regime and emit bright betatron radiation in a table-top size. However, the radiation brightness is usually limited to the third-generation synchrotron radiation facilities operating at similar photon energies. Using a two-stage plasma configuration, we propose a novel scheme for generating betatronlike radiation with an extremely high brilliance. In this scheme, the relativistic electrons inside the bubble injected from the first stage can catch up with the frequency-downshifted laser pulse formed in the second stage. The laser red shift originates from the phase modulation, together with the group velocity dispersion, which enables more energy to be transfered from the laser pulse to γ-photons, giving rise to ultra-brilliant betatronlike radiation. Multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations indicate that the radiated γ-photons have the cut-off energy of GeV and a peak brilliance of 1026 photons s−1 mm−2 mrad−2 per 0.1%BW at 1 MeV, which may have diverse applications in various fields.
Pulse dynamic patterns in a self-starting Mamyshev oscillator
Authors: Yan Dan , Li Xingliang , Zhang Shumin , Liu Jingmin
Published: February 2021

The pulse dynamics of a self-starting Yb-doped fiber Mamyshev oscillator without external seed pulses or additional starting arms is demonstrated experimentally. Multiple dynamic patterns of pulses, including single pulses, bound-state pulses, and harmonic mode-locking pulses, are observed at different pump powers and filter spectral separations. The generation and evolution of bound states have also been simulated by establishing the corresponding theoretical model. This is the first systematic theoretical and experimental study of the formation and evolution of bound states in Yb-doped Mamyshev oscillators. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with experiment results, providing validation of both the measurements and the numerical model.
Binning-based local-threshold filtering for enhancement of underwater 3D gated range-intensity correlation imaging
Authors: Yang Yuqing , Wang Xinwei , Sun Liang , Zhong Xin , Lei Pingshun , Chen Jianan , He Jun , Zhou Yan
Published: February 2021

3D gated range-intensity correlation imaging (GRICI) can reconstruct a 3D scene with high range resolution in real time. However, in the applications of underwater range-gated imaging, targets with low reflectivity or at a far distance typically have a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), especially in turbid water. Usually, a global threshold is set to suppress noise in gated images, which easily results in data holes in the degraded depth map reconstructed by 3D GRICI. To solve the problem, we have proposed a binning-based local-threshold filtering (BLF) algorithm to fill depth data holes. Firstly, raw gated images are added to obtain a sum image, and global threshold filtering and pixel binning for the sum image are used to obtain a reference image. Secondly, hole pixels can be registered according to the reference image. Finally, a smaller local threshold is reset for the hole pixels, and then a repaired depth map is given by 3D GRICI. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method can effectively fill depth data holes and the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the repaired depth map is increased from 10.23 dB to 22.45 dB by suppressing water noise with the improved range resolution from 6.25 mm to 4.12 mm. In addition, the 3D depth of viewing is enlarged, and the limit detection distance is increased by 21% in experiment. The research can promote the practical applications of 3D GRICI.
O uso da ferramenta CALPOHID e de valores diferentes de recarga na avaliação do comprometimento e do potencial hídrico subterrâneo de bacias hidrográficas
Authors: Dutra Tuane de Oliveira , Reginato Pedro Antonio Roehe , Bortolin Taison Anderson
Published: February 2021

A estimativa do potencial hídrico subterrâneo e do comprometimento do mesmo se faz necessária para auxiliar na seleção de medidas em prol do uso sustentável do aquífero. Tais informações se tornam ainda mais relevantes em áreas com maior adensamento de poços e inseridas em sistemas aquíferos fraturados. Esse é o caso da área de estudo, que está inserida na bacia hidrográfica Taquari-Antas, onde há ocorrência do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral (SASG). O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a variação do volume do potencial hídrico subterrâneo (Po) e do comprometimento do mesmo (C), à frente de 5 métodos de estimativa da recarga: 2 variações de métodos de balanço hídrico e 3 métodos baseados em águas superficiais. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta de cálculo do Po e C, denominada CALPOHID, onde foram simulados 5 cenários de potencial, considerando-se 15, 20, 25, 50 e 100% da recarga, e 3 cenários de disponibilidade hídrica instalada (Di), considerando os tempos de bombeamento médio de 18 e 24h. Na maioria dos casos ocorreram diferenças significativas entre os métodos com capacidade de atenderem, no mínimo, 42% o valor de Di em seu cenário mais crítico. Contudo, tais diferenças só resultaram em variações no grau de comprometimento para os cenários de potencial de 15, 20 e 25% da recarga.  Logo, o método do balanço hídrico (BH1), foi o que resultou nas menores diferenças em relação aos demais métodos, propiciando um caminho ponderado entre os 5 métodos simulados. A ferramenta CALPOHID demonstrou ser eficiente para a comparação de cenários de potencial e comprometimento diante de diferentes dados de recarga e Di.
TECNOLOGIA NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: UMA REFLEXÃO ACERCA DO USO DO APLICATIVO “LANDSCAPAR” NO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DE CURVAS DE NÍVEL
Authors: Barboza João Paulo Morandi , Rondini Carina Alexandra
Published: February 2021

O estudo da cartografia ocorre em diferentes etapas da vida estudantil, durante o Ensino Fundamental II e o Ensino Médio, e uma de suas ramificações se pauta na compreensão do conceito de curvas de nível no relevo. Buscando contextualizar esse momento de estudo, enfrentar os desafios de um ensino-aprendizagem dinâmico e significativo, além de agregar o uso de tecnologias de informação, o aplicativo LandscapAR se apresenta como um instrumento coerente para tal finalidade. Levando-se em consideração que os estudantes participantes deste estudo podem ser classificados como nativos digitais, o uso dessa tecnologia possibilitou desenvolver uma atividade lúdico-científica com alunos do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental II, estabelecendo um diálogo entre o conceito de curvas de nível e outros conceitos primordiais da cartografia, como o título, a legenda, a orientação e a escala. Agindo como um professor-tutor, orientando os alunos em como utilizar o aplicativo para a atividade de estudo, chegou-se à conclusão de que a tecnologia, quando usada de maneira correta, com conhecimento dos recursos oferecidos e inserida em um plano de estudos, torna-se uma grande aliada na busca da efetividade do processo ensino-aprendizagem.
DA CRISE REGIONAL ÀS NOVAS DINÂMICAS DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE CACAU NO SUL DA BAHIA
Authors: Boto Xavier Laís , Nascimento Jr Francisco das Chagas do , Chiapetti Jorge
Published: February 2021

O Sul do estado da Bahia se notabilizou como um dos principais centros produtores e exportadores mundiais de cacau, ao longo do século XX. Entretanto, desde o final dos anos 1980,uma série de fatores estabelecidos tanto no plano externo, como no plano interno, contribuíram para a eclosão da chamada “crise do cacau”. A partir de então, observou-se o surgimento de novas estratégias empregadas por agricultores, cooperativas e empresas agrícolas, visando a reinserção da produção de amêndoas do Sul Baiano nos mercados nacional e internacional. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as atuais dinâmicas de especialização regional da produção de cacau no Sul da Bahia, dando-se destaque especial à produção de cacau orgânico certificado. Através de levantamento sistemático de dados secundários e da realização de pesquisas de campo, investigou-se a difusão daquele novo modelo de produção na tradicional região cacaueira brasileira, assim como a constituição do seu respectivo circuito espacial de produção. Por fim, constatou-se que, apesar da produção de cacau orgânico ter possibilitado uma maior autonomia econômica e política aos produtores, tal modelo também opera uma “segmentação da região”, à medida que poucos agricultores conseguem se inserir nos novos e mais rentáveis circuitos espaciais de produtos certificados
INTERFACE ENTRE GEODIVERSIDADE E BIODIVERSIDADE NA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA DO IBIRAPUITÃ, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Kormann Tanice Cristina , Robaina Luís Eduardo de Souza
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar a geodiversidade da Reserva Biológica do Ibirapuitã (REBIO do Ibirapuitã). Situada no município de Alegrete, região sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, a área foi instituída por decreto estadual em 1976. Trata-se de uma das poucas Unidades de Conservação de proteção integral situadas no bioma Pampa, sendo este um dos biomas que possuem menor percentual de áreas protegidas. As informações disponíveis a respeito desta unidade de conservação são escassas, sendo que a maior parte se refere a fauna e flora local. Desta forma, o principal objetivo deste trabalho consiste na geração e divulgação de conhecimento a respeito da geodiversidade desta área. O uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento permitiu a integração de informações básicas para a caracterização da área com os dados coletados em campo. Como resultado, o trabalho permitiu identificar formas e feições do relevo, evidenciando estreita relação dos elementos abióticos com os elementos bióticos. Neste sentido, o trabalho contribui com a geração de informações indispensáveis para a elaboração de instrumentos de gestão desta unidade de conservação, bem como para a divulgação do conhecimento científico.
MAGNITUDES DO FENÔMENO DA ILHA DE CALOR URBANA EM SACRAMENTO (MG): PERSPECTIVAS DE APLICAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DAS ZONAS CLIMÁTICAS LOCAIS EM CIDADE DE PEQUENO PORTE
Authors: Pinton Leandro de Godoi , Ribeiro Maria Clara Aparecida , Suizu Tainá Medeiros , Amorim Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as intensidades do fenômeno da ilha de calor urbana em Sacramento (MG), cidade de pequeno porte que integra a Região Imediata de Uberaba (MG), com base nos princípios do sistema de classificação das Zonas Climáticas Locais. A fim de atender tal proposição, realizou-se uma articulação entre os dados obtidos na escala local (medidas móveis da temperatura do ar e metadados das propriedades da cobertura da superfície) com aqueles representativos da dinâmica atmosférica regional, de modo que fosse possível apreender as respostas dos condicionantes urbanos ao ritmo climático. No plano teórico, a investigação foi amparada pelo paradigma do Sistema Clima Urbano. Sob condição atmosférica ideal, verificou-se a formação de ilha de calor urbana com magnitude grande (5,1ºC) entre paisagens com diferenças substanciais de morfologia e material de superfície. Ademais, existe uma expressiva compatibilidade na termodinâmica das classes mais representativas da área de estudo com os padrões térmicos reportados em cidades de baixas e médias latitudes. De modo geral, admite-se que este estudo configura a primeira aproximação do uso da estrutura divisional das paisagens em Zonas Climáticas Locais para a compreensão da ilha de calor urbana em cidade tropical brasileira de pequeno porte.
UM ESTUDO SOBRE A QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DESTINADA AO CONSUMO DE ALUNOS NAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE UBERLÂNDIA/MG
Authors: Sampaio Antonio Carlos Freire , Silveira Arnaldo Custódio da
Published: February 2021

A água de qualidade representa saúde, e se contaminada com resíduos resultantes das atividades humanas, leva à doenças e mortes. Diante disso, esse trabalho fez um levantamento das águas capitadas para tratamento. Posteriormente, avaliou-se a qualidade microbiológica da água tratada, que chegam às torneiras das escolas públicas de Uberlândia pela rede de distribuição. Avaliou-se também, a qualidade da água utilizada no interior das escolas, após passar pelos reservatórios e de filtros dos bebedouros. A cidade de Uberlândia possui tratamento de água, porém a água que sai das torneiras dos imóveis pode ser contaminada por substâncias químicas ou por microrganismos prejudiciais à saúde, advindos do próprio reservatório ou caixa d’água, que na maioria das escolas não são bem vedados. Principalmente os reservatórios subterrâneos não são limpos periodicamente. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de água nas escolas públicas de Uberlândia, sendo que em cada escola, coletaram-se três a quatro amostras em pontos distintos. Em seguida, as amostras foram encaminhadas para análise em laboratório de Uberlândia. Posteriormente, os resultados foram avaliados e comparados com as condições físico-sanitário dos reservatórios, citando fatores que podem influenciar na contaminação da água bruta destinada ao tratamento e à água consumida no interior das escolas após o tratamento.
ESTABELECIMENTOS VETERINÁRIOS: ANÁLISE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO POR REGIÃO DE PLANEJAMENTO E BAIRROS NO MUNICÍPIO DE NITERÓI, RJ
Authors: Batista Moutinho Flavio Fernando , Villas Boas Borges Fábio
Published: February 2021

A Geografia da Saúde permite avaliar a organização e localização territorial dos serviços de saúde. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a distribuição dos estabelecimentos veterinários no município de Niterói, RJ. Para isso, foram utilizadas as seguintes categorias: estabelecimentos de atendimento direto à saúde animal (consultórios, clínicas e hospitais veterinários) e estabelecimentos de serviços especializados (serviços de diagnóstico por imagem, bancos de sangue e laboratórios de análises clínicas). Os dados foram analisados com técnicas de estatística descritiva, também confeccionados mapas com a distribuição dos estabelecimentos por região, por bairros e sobreposta à malha viária. Foram realizadas análises de correlação linear da quantidade de estabelecimentos, com a renda mediana per capita e tamanho da população canina, por bairro. A região com maior concentração de estabelecimentos veterinários, clínicas e consultórios foi Praias da Baía. O bairro com a maior concentração de estabelecimentos veterinários, clínicas e consultórios foi Icaraí. Havia dois hospitais veterinários, em São Francisco e Fonseca. Havia correlação forte da presença de estabelecimentos com a população, mas não com a renda. Nas regiões de maior urbanização e densidade populacional, os estabelecimentos veterinários encontravam-se mais dispersos pelo território, enquanto nas de urbanização moderada e características mais residenciais havia maior concentração.
La santé face aux inégalités et aux discriminations
Authors: Braverman Louis , Loretti Aurore
Published: February 2021

L’étude de la différenciation sociale et celle de la (re)production des inégalités qui lui est consubstantielle constituent sans aucun doute l’un des axes centraux autour desquels s’est construite la réflexion sociologique (Dubet, 2011 ; Duvoux, 2017). Certains vont d’ailleurs jusqu’à affirmer qu’il n’y aurait de sociologie que dans l’étude « des rapports inégaux et des figures de la différence » (Passeron, 1981 : 7). Comme le pointe Bernard Lahire, « [l]es faits d’inégalité ou de domination sont têtus : ils se mesurent, s’objectivent et se constatent dans tous les domaines de pratiques » (2019 : 43). Dès lors, la sociologie met inévitablement au jour les dissymétries et les structures inégalitaires qui traversent nos sociétés et s’observent dans des domaines et à des échelles très variables.
Quand les inégalités sociales rendent les patients « difficiles »
Authors: Carde Estelle
Published: February 2021

Si les inégalités sociales dans les soins sont habituellement appréhendées par des indicateurs objectifs tels que la fréquence des soins reçus, elles peuvent aussi l’être par des indicateurs subjectifs, comme l’appréciation que les bénéficiaires font de leurs soins. Cet article suit le fil de la subjectivité, mais en s’intéressant au vécu des médecins plutôt qu’à celui de leurs patients. Plus précisément, il explore le sentiment de difficulté que des médecins peuvent éprouver lorsqu’ils suivent des patients victimes d’inégalités sociales. Il repose sur l’analyse qualitative du discours de médecins géné- ralistes exerçant à Montréal. Ces derniers attribuent trois sources principales à leurs difficultés à suivre des patients socialement défavorisés : 1) le temps excessif consacré à ces patients, 2) l’inefficacité de leurs moyens de communication et 3) leur impuissance par rapport aux déficits en ressources (revenus, savoir et liens sociaux) qu’ils perçoivent chez ces patients. La lutte contre les inégalités face aux soins requiert donc une distri- bution plus égalitaire de ces ressources.
Un esprit sain dans un corps sain.
Authors: Nizard Caroline
Published: February 2021

À partir des années 2000, le yoga connaît un succès croissant et s’est transformé pour mettre l’accent sur l’expérience corporelle, l’épanouissement personnel, éléments caractéristiques du bien-être dans le contexte sociohistorique actuel. Si les contributions en sciences sociales témoignent d’un intérêt récent pour le bien-être, rares sont les études qui se penchent spécifiquement sur les liens entre yoga et bien-être. Grâce à des terrains ethnographiques et des entretiens menés auprès de pratiquants et de professeurs de yoga en France, en Suisse romande et en Inde, cet article interroge la manière dont les pratiquants incorporent ou non ce bien-être. Comment passe-t-on du bien-être comme obligation sociale à une intériorisation par les individus ? Partant des représentations du yoga dans les médias, cet article revient sur les raisons historiques et sociales qui ont conduit à une requalification de cette discipline. Pourtant, les réalités du terrain montrent des itinéraires de pratiques plus hétérogènes. Selon l’implication dans la pratique du yoga moderne, les glaneurs mettent l’accent sur l’épanouissement dans le bien-être, alors que ceux qui s’astreignent le plus à une maîtrise de leur corps, de leurs actions (les enthousiastes et les passionnés) valorisent plutôt la santé et/ou la spiritualité.
Plato on False Pleasures and False Passions
Authors: Marechal Patricia
Published: February 2021

In thePhilebus, Socrates argues that pleasures can be false in the same way that beliefs can be false. On the basis of Socrates' analysis of malicious pleasure, a mixed pleasure of the soul and a passion, I defend the view that, according to Socrates, pleasures can be false when they represent as pleasant something that is not worthy of our enjoyment, where that means that they represent as pleasant something that is not pleasant in its own right (αὐτὸ καθ’αὐτό) because it is not fine (καλόν). Since these pleasures misrepresent the value of their objects, they involve an evaluative error. In contrast, a pleasure is true when it correctly represents the actual value of things.
Translanguaging practices of students in science and math classes in a Chinese/English dual language bilingual program
Authors: Du Xiaochen
Published: February 2021

This article is focused on the discussion of three 4th grade students’ translanguaging practices in math and science classes in a Mandarin/English one-way dual language immersion program. In the U.S., the number of dual language immersion programs is increasing. While research strongly supports the benefits of bilingual programs, implementation challenges caused by a “dual” perception seem to remain unsolved. This article presents data excerpts collected and analyzed for a multi-case study to describe and discuss students’ translanguaging practices and their benefits in content learning contexts. Findings reveal that bilingual students are engaged in highly flexible and dynamic language use for meaningful learning, which contradicts the monolingual ideology permeating dual language programs. In addition, findings from this study contribute to the understanding of Chinese/English bilingual students’ translanguaging practice in their learning, which adds to the research on students’ linguistic practice in dual-language bilingual education.
The art of narrative and the rhetoric of persuasion in the “*Jīn Téng” (Metal Bound Casket) from the Tsinghua collection of manuscripts
Authors: Meyer Dirk
Published: February 2021

This article reconstructs the rhetoric of persuasion in the “Zhōu Wǔwáng yǒu jí” 周武王有疾 (King Wǔ of Zhōu suffered from illness), a text written on fourteen bamboo slips that is part of the Tsinghua collection of manuscripts and presumably dates to the Warring States period (ca. 481–222 BC). The “Zhōu Wǔwáng yǒu jí” has well-known transmitted counterparts in the Shàngshū and the Shǐjì, but in comparison with these texts, it largely omits explicit comment on the role of the Duke of Zhōu 周公 after the death of King Wǔ 武王. By taking this difference seriously and analysing the art of narrative in the text, this article reconstructs the social use of the text in the politico-philosophical discourse of the Warring States period. By drawing on theoretical work by Mieke Bal and Jan Assmann on narratology and memory production, this structural analysis of the “Zhōu Wǔwáng yǒu jí” further enables new insights into the circulation of knowledge, as well as into the production and circulation of texts at the time.
A weapon in the battle of definitions: a special rhetorical strategy in Hánfēizǐ
Authors: Zádrapa Lukáš
Published: February 2021

Regardless of the actual views on the art of embellished speech of the author(s) presented by the collection of essays known as Hánfēizǐ, the work is well known for its formal intricacy and refinement. The composition of several chapters appears unique against the background of other transmitted texts of the Warring States period, and the same is true of some textual strategies serving to convey the presented ideas with intensified rhetorical appeal. In this study, I aim to identify one of these strategies, showing, on the basis of thorough textual analysis, how the sections in which it is employed are structured and how the given devices contribute to the construction of meaning. Relevant parts of the chapters 45 (“Guǐshǐ” 詭使), 46 (“Liùfǎn” 六反) and 47 (“Bāshuō” 八說) are analyzed here both with regard to their formal features, such as various arrangements of basic building blocks or transformations of metalinguistic formulae, and to their semantics, including the systematic lexical-semantic relationships of synonymy and antonymy. It is argued that not only overt interventions by the author in favour of “correct” definitions of selected terms, but also the very inventory of the terms itself and their deeper structural relationships and tensions reveal much about the author's intentions and opinions.
The sage as teacher and source of knowledge: editorial strategies and formulaic utterances in Confucius dialogues
Authors: Weingarten Oliver
Published: February 2021

The present article discusses selected dialogues between Confucius and Duke Ai of Lu as well as dialogues in which Confucius employs the phrase “I will tell you” (wu yu ru 吾語汝), mainly to address followers. The analysis focuses on two aspects of the Confucius figure: (1) Confucius as a textual function that serves to integrate and validate disparate textual units within a coherent narrative framework; (2) Confucius as authoritative master who enunciates didactic pronouncements in the presence of his disciples. The latter function is ironically appropriated in Zhuangzi 莊子. The article closes with a reflection on possible future directions of research into uses of the Confucius figure.
The Yang Mo 楊墨 dualism and the rhetorical construction of heterodoxy
Authors: Andreini Attilio
Published: February 2021

The Mengzi 孟子 (The Book of Mencius) served as a constant model of doctrinal argumentation and style for centuries. One of the distinctive traits that emerges from the work is the image of Mencius struggling against the disorder arising from the increasing influence of the heretical doctrines of Yang Zhu 楊朱 (ca. 4th century BC) and Mo Di 墨翟 (ca . 480–390 BC). It deserves particular attention, as the authors of the Mengzi – or perhaps even Mencius himself – carved a rhetorical strategy of strong emotional impact, hyperbolic in its very nature, based on the “moral balance” (zhong 中) of the Ru 儒 (Classicists) tradition compared to both the egoism (wei wo 為我) promoted by Yang Zhu and the vitiated form of indiscriminate and unbalanced concern for others supported by Mo Di's followers.

To date, the Mengzi seems to be the first text in which the “Yang Mo 楊墨” symbol for Yang (Zhu) and Mo (Di) occurs. It became proverbial in Chinese literature for the two prototypes of ethical drift from which traditions that had allegedly strayed from the Ru should be retracted. The importance of both thinkers within a Mencian framework is evident: it is around these two figures that the text structures a highly sophisticated rhetorical framework, characterized by implicit and explicit strategies of inventio and dispositio.
On the antique rhetoric of friendship
Authors: Nylan Michael
Published: February 2021

Rhetorical tropes of intimate friendship (you 友) employed in the classical era in China present a stark contrast to those that survive in Latin and classical Greek sources. For this ideal form of friendship was described far less often in terms of the material and psychic advantages that can accrue from alliances outside the immediate family circle than in terms of the propensity for true friendships to foster the development of the singular traits and potentials of each partner in the intimate friendship. This essay argues, contra many social historians, that moderns cannot extract any underlying social realities from the early discussions of the theme, even if our sources allow us to see how certain social exchanges were construed, valued, and promoted by members of the governing elite.
Rhetoric as the Art of Listening: Concepts of Persuasion in the First Eleven Chapters of the Guiguzi
Authors: Gentz Joachim
Published: February 2021

The first eleven chapters of the book Guiguzi 鬼谷子 are ascribed to Master Guigu, the alleged teacher of the two famous rhetoricians Su Qin 蘇秦 and Zhang Yi 張儀. These chapters provide a methodological approach to the art of persuasion which is fundamentally different from European rhetoric. Whereas European rhetoric, originating in Greek rhetoric, is mainly concerned with the persuasion of big audiences in public forums and institutions such as assemblies (the agora as birthplace of democracy) and courtrooms, the persuasive strategies in the Guiguzi mainly focus on the involvement with an individual counterpart. In the Guiguzi listening to and assessing the particular type of opponent and then taking advantage of his individual preferences is most decisive for the success of persuasion. The Guiguzi does not teach how to formulate a perfect piece of rhetorical art which accords to all rules of a commonly shared system of persuasive logic as it is known from European rhetorical traditions. From this different approach also follows a different set of systematic problems in the art of persuasion. The typology of formal figures of speech, so important in European rhetoric, is not as important as the exact typology of human characters which have to be correctly identified to be correlated to the types of speech which have the greatest persuasive effect on them. Each of the eleven chapters discusses a particular method of persuasion in an analysis of different aspects of the communicative process in which persuasion takes place. Together they appear as a handbook on the dynamic process of persuasion, a persuasion that evolves in a dialogic encounter not in a monologic performance as in European rhetoric.
Dynamische Optimierung von Multiphysik-Problemen am Beispiel induktiver Heizvorgänge
Authors: Rhein Sönke , Utz Tilman , Graichen Knut
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz zur dynamischen Optimierung von Multiphysik-Problemen am Beispiel induktiver Heizvorgänge vor. Hierfür
werden im Rahmen eines first-optimize-then-discretize-Ansatzes zunächst die Optimalitätsbedingungen in Form von partiellen
Differentialgleichungen aufgestellt. Dies ermöglicht eine elegante numerische Lösung des Problems durch den Einsatz eines
Gradientenverfahrens in Verbindung mit FEM-Software (FEM – Finite-Elemente-Methode). Neben der Auslagerung des numerischen
Aufwands liegen die Vorteile des Ansatzes insbesondere darin, dass auch Probleme auf komplexen Geometrien relativ einfach behandelt
werden können. Die geeignete Formulierung und numerische Lösung des Optimierungsproblems wird anhand von Simulationsergebnissen für die
induktive Aufheizung und Oberflächenhärtung eines Zahnrads präsentiert.
Führungsregelung für den nichtholonomen Integrator mit Drift
Authors: Hofer Anton , Grčar Bojan , Štumberger Gorazd , Horn Martin , Reichhartinger Markus
Published: February 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Regelgesetz präsentiert, das eine Zustandssgröße des so genannten nichtholonomen Integrators mit
Drift einem beliebig vorgegebbaren Sollverlauf nachführt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Modifikation eines bereits bekannten
Zustandsreglers, dessen Einsatzbereich allerdings auf stückweise konstante Führungsgrößen beschränkt ist. Ein
wesentliches Merkmal des neuen Konzeptes besteht darin, dass die Aufgabe der Führungsregelung mit minimalem Stellaufwand
bewältigt wird. An einem realen Beispiel der Momenten- bzw. Drehzahlregelung einer Asynchronmaschine wird die Praxistauglichkeit
des vorgeschlagenen Regelgesetzes demonstriert.
Verifikation verteilter Automatisierungssysteme auf Basis einer Modellkomposition
Authors: Zeller Andreas , Jazdi Nasser , Weyrich Michael
Published: February 2021

Änderungen der Funktionalität von Automatisierungssystemen werden zunehmend an der Software durchgeführt. Insbesondere bei verteilten Automatisierungssystemen lassen sich die Auswirkungen von Software-Änderungen oftmals nur schwer abschätzen. Dies stellt insbesondere Anlagenbetreiber vor große Herausforderungen bei der Absicherung von Funktions-Änderungen in der Betriebsphase. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen modellbasierten Ansatz, mit dem Auswirkungen von Software-Änderungen erkannt werden können und das betroffene Teilsystem automatisiert über modellbasierte Verifikationsverfahren abgesichert werden kann. Das präsentierte Konzept beruht auf der Komposition eines Systemmodells aus diskreten Verhaltensmodellen der Komponenten des Automatisierungssystems. Abschließend wird das Konzept anhand unterschiedlicher Änderungsszenarien evaluiert.
Methodische Untersuchung des Komplexitätsanstiegs von Produktionssystemen
Authors: Fisch Jessica , Diedrich Christian
Published: February 2021

Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Methode zum Nachweis der Hypothese des Komplexitätsanstiegs von Produktionsanlagen im Zeitraum von 2002 bis 2016 vor. Es wird eine Vorgehensweise zur Bewertung der Komplexität von Produktionssystemen erörtert. Hierzu ist es notwendig, ein System in mehrere Bereiche einzuteilen und diese mit verschiedenen Kriterien zu bewerten. Auf Grundlage der Komplexitätswerte wird eine Korrelationsanalyse mit zeitlichen Variablen wie Lastenheft- und Inbetriebnahmedaten durchgeführt. Somit kann sowohl für die Kriterien als auch für ganzheitliche Produktionssysteme der Komplexitätsanstieg nachgewiesen werden. Die Vorgehensweise der Komplexitätsbewertung wird anhand verschiedener Beispiele vorgestellt. Abschließend werden die entstanden Ergebnisse interpretiert und in Bezug zur Realität gesetzt.
Impact of trajectory profiles on user stress in close human-robot interaction
Authors: Kühnlenz Barbara , Erhart Maximilian , Kainert Marcel , Wang Zhi-Qiao , Wilm Julian , Kühnlenz Kolja
Published: February 2021

The impact of different trajectory embodiments in terms of velocity profiles on users’ mental stress in close human-robot interaction is investigated. A cooperative assembly scenario is chosen using a standard industrial robot. Conditions are implemented in a repeated measures within-subjects design comparing linear with trapezoidal trajectories. Heart rate variability and galvanic skin conductance are chosen as objective stress markers and evaluated using the average standard deviation of the beat-to-beat intervals (SDNN) and the average skin resistance. Additionally, evaluations of user experience and acceptance are conducted based on evaluated subjective measures. The results of the user study reveal a significant increase of average heart rate variability and average skin resistance in the trapezoidal condition indicating a reduced mental stress level independent of demographical and dispositional factors.
Technical Solutions for Bio-Measurements
Authors: Konieczny Leszek , Markiewicz Michał , Piwowar Piotr , Roterman Irena
Published: February 2021

Biological processes are controlled automatically. Registration of signals and measuring their relative strength is hence a key problem. Receptors may be relatively simple or complex. The complexity is the direct response to ambiguity of signals. If there is however a common feature of diverse signals a construction of generic receptor mechanism is usually observed. Combinatorial technique is commonly used in biological systems to decrease the complexity in reception of highly ambiguous signals.
Computations of Protein Hydrophobicity Profile as Virtual Experiment in Gridspace Virtual Laboratory
Authors: Ciepiela Eryk , Jadczyk Tomasz , Harężlak Daniel , Kasztelnik Marek , Nowakowski Piotr , Dyk Grzegorz , Malawski Maciej , Bubak Marian , Roterman Irena
Published: February 2021

The terms like e-science, e-poster or e-health are nowadays commonly used. Special disciplines allowing fast development in these fields of science are commonly available. This paper presents e-paper [1] powered by the Collage Authoring Environment [2] e-publication system which is backed by the GridSpace2 [3] distributed computing platform. This e-publication in a form of WWW page, apart from the traditional textual and graphical content, embeds an on-line software tool for the analysis of the 3-D structure of protein based on the hydrophobicity distribution in protein body. The tool uses GridSpace2 platform in order to carry out computations on the PL-Grid [4] high-performance computing infrastructure.

This work shows how this specific epublication was accomplished utilizing above mentioned already existing information technologies and e-infrastructure The tool employs the model called “fuzzy oil drop” that assumes the hydrophobicity distribution in proteins being in form of 3-D Gauss function. The protein of the hydrophobicity core structure accordant with the model with all hydrophobic residues buried in the central part of the protein body and hydrophilic residues exposed toward the water environment could be the protein very well soluble although representing no any form of activity. This is why the observed discrepancies between idealized and observed hydrophobicity distribution is presented in form of ΔH̃i profile revealing the localization of residues representing local hydrophobicity excess as well as local hydrophobicity deficiency. The distribution of these discrepancies appeared to be specific and function related. The e-publication makes available the tool to calculate the ΔH̃i profile of any protein under consideration. The interpretation of the final results is specific for particular protein.
Finding the Best Efficiency in Actionscript Based Web Applications on Example of FFT Algorithm
Authors: Wierzgała Piotr , Wójcik Grzegorz M. , Smolira Marcin
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on finding the most efficinet way of performing local and remote computations with web application based on ActionScript language. Tests involve comparsion of several scenarions which uses pure ActionScript, ActionScript with Alchemy project and ActionScript connecting with C application over AMF protocol and with FileReference class.
Should the Lopot-Plot Be Used in Daily Practice to Optimise Hemodialysis Treatment?
Authors: Korohoda Przemysław , Sypka Przemysław , Pietrzyk Jacek A.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents an application of the Lopot-plot, which compares the timeaveraged concentration (TAC) and the time-averaged deviation (TAD) of the weekly dialysis cycle, to comprise the results of intensive computational study. The presented case is based on 420 one-week-cycle simulations to verify the consequences implied by the change of the treatments schedule from nonuniformly to uniformly distributed over the week. The concept of steady state is explained and utilized to obtain periodical runs of the urea concentration. The presented graphs encouragingly indicate the potential of such plots in presenting results of multivariable intensive computations that should be advisably performed during the planning process of hemodialysis treatment.
Physiological responses of Hizikia fusiformis (Phaeophyta) to mercury exposure
Authors: Zhu Xifeng , Zou Dinghui , Huang Yanhua , Cao Junming , Sheng Guangcheng , Wang Guoxia
Published: February 2021

Marine coastal ecosystems are suffering from metal pollution such as mercury. Hizikia fusiformis is a commercially important brown marine macroalga. Entire thalli of H. fusiformis were cultured in media with different mercury concentrations for 7 days to examine the physiological effects of mercury exposure on this species. The relative growth rate of H. fusiformis was significantly reduced at 0.04 mg l-1 mercury. Chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents were not affected by mercury concentrations ≤0.10 mg l-1, but significantly decreased at 0.20 and 0.40 mg l-1. Optimal quantum yield, maximum net photosynthetic rate, and apparent photosynthetic efficiency were reduced with increasing mercury concentrations. Malondialdehyde contents were significantly increased at 0.04–0.40 mg l-1 mercury. Superoxide dismutase activity increased at 0.02–0.10 mg l-1 mercury. Both superoxide dismutase and catalase activity strongly decreased at 0.20 and 0.40 mg l-1. Nitrate reductase activity declined at mercury concentrations ≥0.04 mg l-1. Consequently, the results suggest that H. fusiformis could tolerate mercury stress at very low concentrations but that mercury at high concentrations has toxic effects on H. fusiformis through its negative influence on photosynthesis and related physiology. The results also illuminate the physiological response mechanisms of algae to mercury exposure.
Cu(II) pollution affects fecundity of the mangrove degrader community, the Labyrinthulomycetes
Authors: Pang Ka-Lai , Chen Min-Chiau , Chiang Michael W.L. , Huang Yu-Fen , Yeong Hui-Yin , Phang Siew-Moi
Published: February 2021

Thraustochytrids, a group of fungus-like organisms belonging to the protist class Labyrinthulomycetes, are common colonisers and degraders of fallen leaves in mangroves and, thus, are actively involved in nutrient cycling. Mangroves, often located at the river mouth, constantly receive freshwater runoff, which contains organic and inorganic pollutants, including metals. Metals are known to cause cellular damage, which may affect the survival of thraustochytrids in the mangrove environment. A previous study suggested that Cu(II), one of the major metal ions in coastal water and sediment, retards the growth of and causes cellular damage to mangrove thraustochytrids. We hypothesize that increased concentrations of Cu(II) negatively affect the fecundity of mangrove thraustochytrids. In a laboratory study, we assessed the sporulation success (number of zoospores produced per colony) and the growth response (biomass) of 11 isolates of Schizochytrium limacinum collected from four mangrove stands in Taiwan exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu(II). Tolerance to Cu(II) varied among the tested isolates of S. limacinum. In general, a negative dose-response relationship was exhibited between growth response/sporulation success and increasing concentrations of Cu(II). However, exposure to low concentrations of Cu(II) had a stimulating effect on growth (2 mg l-1) and sporulation (2–64 mg l-1) for some isolates. A sharp decline in growth was observed at 32 mg l-1 Cu(II), and sporulation success was more tolerant to increasing concentrations of Cu(II). The IC10 and IC50 values for growth were 1.0–16.5 mg l-1 and 9.1–23.9 mg l-1, respectively, whereas those for sporulation success were 0.6–40.7 mg l-1 and 10.5–108.4 mg l-1, respectively. In conclusion, Cu(II) interfered with both the growth and sporulation success of S. limacinum, which may affect its abundance and distribution in mangrove environments.