bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The geographic range of Tragosoma depsarium (Linnaeus, 1767) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in the Palaearctic
Authors: Anisimov Nikolay S. , Bezborodov Vitaly G.
Published: May 2021

The geographic range of the rare coleopteran Tragosoma depsarium (Linnaeus, 1767) is summarized, and the Eurasian distribution is mapped for the first time. Particular attention is paid to the eastern Palaearctic part of the species’ range, where dubious data prevail. Distributional data from the Russian Far East have been published, but not confirmed, are considered, and new records of this species in Eastern Siberia are reported. 
Clinical genetic characteristics of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, McKusick type (cartilage-hair hypoplasia) in children caused by mutations in the RMRP gene: authors’ observations and literature review
Authors: Markova T. V. , Kenis V. M. , Sumina M. G. , Shchagina O. A. , Nagornova T. S. , Melchenko E. V. , Nikolaeva E. B. , Dadali E. L.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, McKusick type (MCD) (OMIM: #250250) (cartilage-hair hypoplasia) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder with main clinical manifestations including disproportionate short stature, hair thinning and hypotrichosis. Some patients with MCD develop cellular and humoral immunodeficiency, bronchiectases and Hirschsprung disease. Such patients have an increased risk of developing malignant tumors and hypoplastic anemia. MCD is one of the rare monogenic disorders caused by mutations in the RMRP gene encoding a non-coding RNA instead of a protein. So far, 123 pathogenic RMRP variants have been described. The evidence of clinical genetic correlations in patients with different types and localization of gene mutations will facilitate further understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms of the disorder and enable to predict the spectrum and severity of clinical symptoms in individual patients.

Materials and methods. We present the first description of clinical genetic characteristics of two Russian patients with MCD caused by mutations in the RMRP gene, along with the comparison of our results with literature data. In both cases the diagnosis was confirmed by analyzing the RMRP gene sequence using the direct Sanger sequencing technique.

Results. Analysis of specific clinical signs observed during clinical examination of our patients in comparison with those reported in literature has shown the presence of typical skeletal and extraskeletal manifestations suggestive of MCD. In Russian patients we found the major mutation previously described in the Amish and Finnish populations, n.71A>G, present in compound heterozygous state, along with two other mutations: in one patient with an earlier described n.80G>A mutation, and in the other — a newly detected n.76C>T mutation. All detected mutations were mapped to a highly conserved region of the first domain that plays a major role in the functioning of the endoribonuclease complex.

Conclusions. Considering the small size of the RMRP gene and presence of specific signs of MCD, the most accurate and inexpensive method of molecular genetic analysis is the detection of mutations in the RMRP gene using direct automated Sanger sequencing. Timely diagnosis of MCD enables to choose the correct follow-up strategy for patients with this disorder.
Addition of microencapsulated soybean molasses to pasta formulations
Authors: Batista Vanessa Sabrina Fagundes , Nunes Graciele Lorenzoni , Silva Andressa Fraton Moreira da , Viegas Gabriela Ilha , Lucas Bruna Nichelle , Barin Juliano Smanioto , Menezes Cristiano Ragagnin de , Rosa Claudia Severo da
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the production of pasta with the addition of microencapsulated soybean molasses and its effect on the physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological characteristics and shelf life of the product. Three formulations were prepared, as follows: F1, control pasta; F2, pasta made with free extract; and F3, pasta made with soybean molasses microparticles, which were characterized in terms of their pH, water activity, color measurements, sensory evaluation, microbiological characterization, and shelf life via determination of the phenolic compounds remaining during a 28 day storage. The cooked pasta containing the microparticles retained 25% of the original phenolics up to 14th day of storage, meanwhile, the raw pasta presented 15% of the original phenolics up to the 21st day of storage. Good sensory acceptability was observed for all pasta containing the microparticles, with no differences from the control pasta; however, pasta made with free extract was less accepted when compared to the other types. The addition of microparticles did not change the microbiological profile, pH, water activity, or color of the pasta.
Avaliação da adequação da conservação de imunobiológicos na macrorregião de saúde Oeste de Minas Gerais: estudo descritivo, 2017
Authors: Amaral Gabriela Gonçalves , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo , Tavares Laís Oliveira de Moraes , Silva Brener Santos , Cortez Daniel Nogueira , Oliveira Valéria Conceição de
Published: May 2021

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever a adequação da conservação de imunobiológicos nas salas de imunização dos municípios da macrorregião de saúde Oeste do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, pautado em uma escala validada, com escore máximo de 15 pontos. Realizou-se análise descritiva e teste de associação entre os escores obtidos pelos municípios e variáveis do contexto externo. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 275 do total de 295 salas de imunização existentes. A conservação de imunobiológicos na macrorregião Oeste obteve um escore médio de 4 pontos (escore-padrão de 0 a 15). Evidenciou-se ausência ou carência de insumos destinados à conservação de imunobiológicos, e processos de trabalho que requerem aprimoramento. Municípios de pequeno porte apresentaram melhor conservação de imunobiológicos (p=0,011). Conclusão: A conservação de imunobiológicos nas salas de imunização da macrorregião de saúde Oeste de Minas Gerais foi considerada inadequada.
Índices de gravidade em vítimas de trauma contuso na terapia intensiva: capacidade preditiva de mortalidade
Authors: Lima Kézia Porto , Nogueira Lilia de Souza , Barbosa Genesis , Bonfim Ane Karoline Silva , Sousa Regina Marcia Cardoso de
Published: May 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a capacidade preditiva de mortalidade dos índices Revised Trauma Score, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score e Simplified Acute Physiology Score III em vítimas de trauma contuso internadas em unidade de terapia intensiva e comparar seu desempenho. Método: Coorte retrospectiva de pacientes com trauma contuso de uma unidade de terapia intensiva a partir do registro em prontuários. Receiver Operating Characteristic e intervalo de confiança de 95% da área sob a curva foram analisados para comparar os resultados. Resultados: Dos 165 pacientes analisados, 66,7% tiveram tratamento cirúrgico. A mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital foi de 17,6% e 20,6%, respectivamente. Para mortalidade na terapia intensiva, houve variação das áreas sob a curva entre 0,672 e 0,738; porém, melhores resultados foram observados em pacientes cirúrgicos (0,747 a 0,811). Resultados similares foram observados para mortalidade hospitalar. Em todas as análises, as áreas sob a curva dos índices não diferiram significativamente. Conclusão: Houve acurácia moderada dos índices de gravidade, com melhora na performance quando aplicados em pacientes cirúrgicos. Os quatro índices apresentaram predição similar para os desfechos analisados.
PANDEMIA, “AGRO” E “SOFRÊNCIA”: JORNALISMO, PROPAGANDA E ENTRETENIMENTO NO DEBATE PÚBLICO SOBRE O MODELO AGRÍCOLA
Authors: ALMEIDA LUCIANA SCHLEDER
Published: May 2021

RESUMO A pandemia jogou luz sobre a relação entre novos agentes patogênicos e a agroindústria, reanimando o debate sobre a obsolescência do modelo agrícola atual. A partir do contexto de reação imediata ao fato epidemiológico, esta análise concatena um conjunto de episódios midiáticos para problematizar expressões do patrimônio ideológico do agronegócio. Articulando informações obtidas na interface digital e dados etnográficos anteriores à pandemia, o texto demonstra o trabalho de atribuição de sentido a agronegócio pela apologia economicista e pelo lançamento massivo de produtos culturais associados à agricultura moderna, por meio de campanhas publicitárias e da indústria do entretenimento.
NO BETTER, OR WORSE: ATTRIBUTES OF TEACHING COMPETENCE IN STUDENT PERCEPTION
Authors: Chaerki Sergio Filipe , Oliveira Eziel Gualberto de , Ferreira Jane Mendes , Chaerki Karine Francisconi
Published: May 2021

This research has the purpose of verifying the perception of the students regarding the attributes or skills of teaching quality. We assume a concept of competence that is not limited to the measurement of objective results, but that emphasizes more the importance of recognition or perception of others for their evaluation. For analysis, students from the administration course of two units of a private Higher Education Institution in Curitiba and metropolitan region were selected. The research technique chosen was the registration of critical incidents. The results indicate some characteristics of the teaching quality, such as diversification of teaching strategies; participation of students; attention and incentive of the teacher to learning. Some characteristics of the lack of teaching quality are summarized in the domain of content but not being able to explain; monotonous class; and the lack of good conduct in the relationship with the students. The identified attributes of competence can compose different teaching styles.
Introduction to 19 Live
Authors: Mills Victoria
Published: May 2021

This issue of 19 Live explores how four house museums have navigated the challenges and opportunities of curating the nineteenth century in lockdown.
Anatomical and nutritional characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus genotypes under a silvopastoral system
Authors: Pereira Mariana , De Almeida Roberto Giolo , Macedo Manuel Claudio Motta , Dos Santos Valéria Ana Corvalã , Gamarra Erick Lemes , Castro-Montoya Joaquín , Lempp Beatriz , Morais Maria Da Graça
Published: May 2021

Our objective was to measure chemical composition and anatomy of 5 Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) genotypes, when grown in combination with eucalypts in a silvopastoral system. Cultivars Massai, Mombaça, BRS Tamani, Tanzânia and intraspecific hybrid accession PM44 were evaluated in full sun and a silvopastoral system at 5 different distances from eucalyptus tree rows. The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot with 2 replications. Plots corresponded with genotypes and subplots with sampling points within the system. Total forage and leaf biomass as well as nutritive value und tissue proportions were evaluated. Our results showed a decrease in biomass as radiation incidence decreased. Forage biomass was greatest in BRS Tamani and Mombaça and lowest in PM44. There was a significant interaction between sampling points and genotype for nutritive value variables, such as crude protein, in vitro digestibility of organic matter, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin-S, while tissue proportions were not affected by the interaction between sampling points and genotypes. Genotype had more pronounced effects on chemical composition and anatomical characteristics than did sampling points. The leaves of Mombaça were the longest and had greatest total cross-sectional area, and this genotype showed greater proportions of sclerenchyma and vascular tissues than other cultivars and the lowest proportion of mesophyll. The greatest proportion of parenchyma bundle sheaths was also found in Mombaça leaves. Genotypes PM44 and Tanzânia had the lowest proportions of sclerenchyma, and PM44 and BRS Tamani had the lowest proportions of vascular tissues. On the other hand, PM44 and Tanzânia had the greatest proportions of mesophyll. BRS Tamani was comparable with the most used cultivars, Mombaça and Tanzânia, and had forage quality slightly superior to that of Mombaça. Tropical grasses growing under shade can potentially produce less forage but with better nutritive value, in terms of chemical composition and tissue proportions, than grasses grown under full sun. However, as the degree of shading in silvopastoral systems does not occur uniformly across the whole area, the improved nutritive value would not be uniform and may not be very prominent overall.
Dietary Recommendation in Diabetes Care: Carbohydrate Counting and Caloric Content of Nigerian Foods
Authors:   Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, Azeez Taoreed , Chimah Patience ,   Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, Hassan Abdul F. ,   Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria, Moradeyo Yusuf ,   Department of Medicine, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria, Umoren Ubong ,   Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria, Eguzozie Emmanuel ,   Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising globally and even more in low and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. Optimal management of the disease is important to improve survival and prevent or delay its complications. Lifestyle management is a standard universal approach in optimizing the care given to diabetic patients. Dietary management is the central link in lifestyle modifications of individuals living with diabetes. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a systematic therapeutic approach of assessing the nutritional needs of an individual, determining nutritional goals, counselling the clients on how to achieve the goals, prescribing and monitoring meal plans to achieve the goals. It is evidence-based, effective and highly recommended. All carers of the diabetes patient, including the health workers and the family members of the patients, need to have basic understanding of medical nutrition therapy but the efforts should be coordinated by licensed dietitians. There are evidences that adherence to prescribed calories is effective in the control of cardiovascular risk factors such as blood glucose, weight, lipid profile and blood pressure. However, prescription of calories should be based on thoughtful consideration of the nutritional needs, weight goal, personal preferences and tastes and cultural practices of individuals living with diabetes mellitus. Food pyramids give a graphical illustration on the recommended classes and servings of food. Six to eleven servings per day of carbohydrates, 3-5 servings per day of vegetables, 2-4 servings per day of fruit, 2-3 servings per day of dairy products and 2-3 servings per day of fish are the recommended proportions of the different classes of foods for an adult on an average of 2000 calories. Carbohydrate counting, taken with appropriate insulin dosing and physical activity, has been demonstrated to be effective in optimizing the glycaemic control of patients on multiple daily insulin injections. There are challenges in doing this in Nigeria due to lack of food labels. The caloric contents of common Nigerian foods are highlighted so as to help in achieving dietary goals.
La relación triangular entre China, Taiwán y Estados Unidos en el periodo 2008-2018
Authors: Ramírez-Carvajal Carolina , Praj Dusan , Acosta-Strobel Jorge- Andres
Published: May 2021

La condición de la República de China (ROC)-Taiwán es el asunto clave de la seguridad en la región Asia-Pacífico. Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las relaciones políticas y económicas entre Estados Unidos, Taiwán y la República Popular de China (RPC) entre 2008 y 2018 (el período crucial para el reestablecimiento de las relaciones a través del estrecho de Taiwán), y cómo estas se han modificado con los cambios políticos en Taipéi, representados por el nuevo gobierno del Partido Progresista Democrático. Las relaciones entre estas tres entidades se revisan desde el punto de vista del realismo ofensivo. La principal conclusión es que, para la República Popular de China, la reunificación con Taiwán representa un punto esencial de su proyección geopolítica y un acto simbólico del rejuvenecimiento de la nación. Ello afecta además las relaciones a escala global con Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, el uso de los instrumentos políticos y económicos para lograr ese objetivo es visto con mucha sospecha tanto en Taipéi como en Washington.
La geopolítica de la violencia global en el análisis de sistemas-mundo: relevancia y problemas
Authors: Cairo-Carou Heriberto
Published: May 2021

El artículo pretende reflexionar críticamente sobre el papel de la violencia y, en particular, de las guerras globales en el análisis de sistemas-mundo, acudiendo a otras perspectivas teóricas, como la estructuración y la geopolítica crítica, para entender mejor la cuestión. A partir de ello, podemos afirmar que la lucha por la supremacía no es necesariamente una lucha por la hegemonía, que resultaría inevitablemente en guerras mundiales periódicas, como preludio al ascenso de grandes potencias a un estatus hegemónico. La hegemonía se refiere más a las reglas y prácticas que constituyen un orden geopolítico, que a una determinada ordenación jerárquica de los Estados. No existe una pauta general de explicación para todas las guerras: hay que tener en cuenta tanto las configuraciones de poder global como las interrelaciones entre lo local y lo global.
What’s new for the clinician? - Excerpts from and summaries of recently published papers
Authors: Yengopal Veerasamy
Published: May 2021

Choosing an endodontic sealer clinical use is a decision that contributes to the long-term success of non-surgical root canal treatment. Sealers are used as a thin tacky paste which function as a lubricant and luting agent during obturation, allowing the core obturation material, such as gutta-percha points or other rigid materials, to slide in and become fixed in the canal. Sealers can fill voids, lateral canals, and accessory canals where core obturation materials cannot infiltrate. If the sealer does not perform its function, microleakage may cause root canal failure via clinically undetectable passage of bacteria, fluids, molecules or ions between the tooth and restorative material. It has been reported that extrusion of the sealer during root canal filling has cytotoxic effects on periapical tissues, causing periapical inflammation, necrosis and pain. Endodontic sealers are categorized by composition based on setting reaction and composition: zinc oxide eugenol, salicylate, fatty acid, glass ionomer, silicone, epoxy resin, tricalcium silicate, and methacrylate resin sealer systems. Aslan & Özkan (2021) reported on a trial that sought to evaluate the effect of two calcium silicate-based root canal sealers, Endoseal MTA and EndoSequence BC Sealer, on postoperative pain following single-visit root canal treatment on molar teeth compared to their epoxy/ amine resin-based counterpart AH Plus. The null hypotheses tested in this study were as follows:1. The type of sealer used would not change the incidence and the intensity of post-treatment endodontic pain2. The analgesic intake of patients following single-visit root canal treatment
Evaluation of radiation awareness among oral health care providers in South Africa
Authors: Vilborn Piret , Uys Andre , Yakoob Zarah , Cronje Tanita
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of oral health care providers and dental students regarding radiation safety, protection and legislation pertaining to dental radiography in South Africa. An online questionnaire consisting of 20 structured multiple-choice questions was distributed among final year students and oral health care providers. The mean, median, standard deviation (SD) and frequencies were determined statistically to compare the number of correct answers for each responder group. In total, 189 questionnaires were analysed. The average number of correct answers was 11.6 out of 20 (58%) for all responders. Dental students presented with the highest percentage (66%) of correct answers. Higher radiation awareness was evident among the respondents who had undertaken continued education courses. Radiation awareness among oral health care providers in South Africa needs improvement. Greater emphasis should be placed on dental radiology courses to increase the knowledge and awareness. However, there is no officially established benchmark of radiation awareness in South Africa.
NEW TOOLS FOR NEW URBAN SPACES? ANALYSES OF PLANNING AND PARTICIPATION TOOLS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE IN (POST)TRANSITIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: MELNYCHUK Anatolii , DENYSENKO Olena , OSTAPENKO Pavlo
Published: May 2021

For a long timepost-socialist countries served as a space for interaction between multiple transformations, urban policy changes and urban planning adjustments on the one hand, and challenging institutional and socio-cultural legacy, on the other. What are the outcomes of these interactions and how the urban space is changing? How effective aretraditional (“old”) and newly established planning and participation tools? To what extent does the current system meet the expectations of different stakeholders? These are the main issues to discuss in the paper. For this aim we use the experience of Ukrainian planning system changes in (post)transitional perspective, focusing on several planning and participation tools and their performance both on the national and local level.
The impact of the main planning and participation tools on the urban transformations in Ukraine is critically considered in the paper, discussing their outcomes from different perspectives. The local context of using particular tools is discussed through the cases of two cities - Kryvyi Rih and Kherson; this allows to trace the logic of the planning process and practices of urban restructuring, notably by using the tools ofparticipation. Using in-depth interview data,the paper is aimed at revealing how different stakeholders perceive the main planning and participation tools as well as evaluate their effectiveness. Thus, we rethink the changes of planning and participation tools in (post)transitional perspective, their role in urban development processes,their performance in various local contexts and also their compliance with the declared goals and interests of different stakeholder groups.
The human factor in alpine skiing and snowboarding accidents
Authors: Seras Martínez Iñigo , Ayora Hirsch Alberto , Escoda Alegret Bernat , Sanz Junoy Guillermo , Subirats Bayego , Enric
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Hundreds of millions of people practice winter sports worldwide. Alpine skiing and snowboarding are associated with a possible risk of injury. There are at least three important factors that can affect safety in wilderness activities (environmental factors, technical factors and human factors). Awareness of human factors would allow us to reduce the risk in winter sports. Material and method: The objective of this study is to find out, through a self-explanatory cross-sectional personal survey, what and how human factors are involved in alpine skiing and snowboarding accidents. Results: 219 surveys were carried out of a total of 3,911 patients attended at the different health care points. The highest percentage of respondents related their accident to distraction or complacency, both in 72.2% of the respondents. Other factors that were pointed out by more than 50% were; lack of knowledge (60.4%), lack of following the norms (58.5%), fatigue (57.5%), lack of situational awareness (57%) and stress with (53.8% of the respondents). Conclusions: By identifying these most frequent human factors during downhill skiing and snowboarding, actions can be taken to prevent or contain human error.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, is there any relationship with main indices of central fat in adolescent competitive swimmers?
Authors: Altavilla Cesare , Joulianos Annabelle , Comeche Guijarro José Miguel , Caballero Pérez Pablo
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The relationship between adherence to the mediterranean diet and central fat of adolescent competitive swimmers is under-studied. The fat component is interesting because of its relationship to the horizontal floatation and speed during the swimming performance. An accumulation of central fat is considered a negative factor for health and performance. This study aimed to check the degree of adherence to the mediterranean diet and its relationship with some indices of central fat in competitive adolescent swimmers. Material and method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. 74 adolescent swimmers participated in the study (males n= 34, 14.5 ± 1.3 y.o., females n= 40, 13.6 ± 1.2 y.o.). The swimmers completed the KIDMED questionnaire to assess their adherence to the mediterranean diet. A II level ISAK anthropometrist carried out the anthropometric data collection at the beginning of the evening swimming session. Results: The swimmers showed a medium adherence to the mediterranean diet. Male and female swimmers showed similar KIDMED index score (males 8.09 ± 1.5, females 7.23 ± 2.2). Age seems to be a detrimental factor in the adherence to the mediterranean diet during adolescence. Female swimmers showed a significant lower waist/hip ratio compared to males (-0.028; p = 0.01). The adherence to the mediterranean diet was not correlated with the anthropometric measures of central fat. Conclusions: Regardless of the adherence to the mediterranean diet, elevated swimming activity maintains indices of central fat in healthy values. Despite there was no correlation between adherence to the mediterranean diet and the anthropometric measures of central fat, there are reasons related to health to improve healthy eating habits of adolescent competitive swimmers.
Clinical effectiveness of selective nerve root block in lumbar radiculopathy
Authors: Singh Atul , Mallick Tanmay , Singh Sarvesh Kumar , Abrol Ajay
Published: May 2021

Background: Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) have been used as an adjunct in the treatment of sciatica. Since the early reports, success rates ranging from 18% to 90% (average, 67%) have been documented. However, the efficacy of ESI has lasted, on the average, less than 3 months.

Methods: This study was conducted at Abrol medical centre, Punjab from June 2019 to June 2020. One hundred patients with back pain documented with lumbar disc disease treated initially with rest, analgesics and physiotherapy for at least six weeks were included in the study and treated with transforaminal epidural steroid injection. The protocol of the study was approved by ethical committee. Patients to be participated in this study were documented. Patients with lumbar disc disease were given transforaminal epidural steroid injection in Orthopaedics operation theatre of our institute. Informed and written consent were obtained as per ethical committee guidelines.

Results: Pre-procedure Roland Morris disability mean score was 17.54 and it got reduced to 5.57 by 4th day immediately post injection, was 6.44 by 6 weeks, by 3rd month 7.1 and by end of 6 months it was 8.34. Improvement in score on 4th day post injection was 68.24 percent which is considered significant and successful.

Conclusions: Transforaminal epidural steroid treatment better medication for pain relief, patient satisfaction, disability improvement and functional improvement.
Estrella de dos puntas. Octavio Paz y Carlos Fuentes: crónica de una amistad
Authors: Arellano Mendoza Jorge Luis
Published: May 2021

Malva Flores, Estrella de dos puntas. Octavio Paz y Carlos Fuentes: crónica de una amistad, México, Ariel, 2020, 652 pp.
Miłosierdzie w prawie Katolickich Kościołów Wschodnich
Authors: Adamowicz Leszek
Published: May 2021

Zagadnienie miłosierdzia w dyscyplinie Katolickich Kościołów Wschodnich obejmuje zarówno przepisy kanonów, w których wprost lub pośrednio prawodawca odwołuje się do tej kategorii teologicznej, jak i przejawia się w stosowaniu odpowiednich instytucji prawnych. Należą do nich dyspensa i ekonomia, które nakazują łagodne stosowanie ustawy kościelnej dla osiągnięcia najważniejszego celu prawa kościelnego, jakim jest pomoc w osiągnięciu zbawienia.

W artykule przywołano uzasadnienie biblijno-teologiczne dla obowiązujących przepisów prawa kanonicznego, stanowiące ratio legis omawianych instytucji prawnych, zwłaszcza doktrynę sformułowaną przez św. Leona Wielkiego i św. Tomasza z Akwinu.

Szczególnie ważnym zagadnieniem w dialogu ekumenicznym z chrześcijanami wschodnimi jest kwestia ekonomii (oikonomia), szeroko stosowana m.in. w Kościołach prawosławnych. Debata nad sformalizowaniem tej zasady w katolickim prawie kanonicznym była przedmiotem zainteresowań papieskiej komisji, która przygotowała Kodeks Kanonów Kościołów Wschodnich. Ostatecznie jednak ta zasada wprost nie została zdefiniowana i promulgowana, gdyż uznano, że jest ona realizowana przez zastosowanie innych instrumentów, jak np. dyspensa.
Ocena sporu pod kątem zasadności skierowania stron do mediacji przez sąd w perspektywie doświadczeń europejskich
Authors: Dąbrowski Marek
Published: May 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu są rozważania koncentrujące się na przesłankach oceny sporu przez sąd pod kątem zasadności skierowania stron do mediacji, w zestawieniu z instrumentami procesowymi konkretyzującymi dyrektywę dążenia sądu do ugodowego zakończenia sporu. Rozważania opierają się na regulacjach zawartych w przepisach kodeksu postępowania cywilnego z uwzględnieniem doświadczeń europejskich, wynikających z programów pilotażowych w zakresie mediacji, przeprowadzonych w sądach wybranych państw w Europie. Ponadto przedstawione zostały efekty projektu Mediation meets judges w postaci kwestionariusza pytań, który może ułatwić sądowi podjęcie decyzji w przedmiocie skierowania stron do mediacji.
Procedura postępowania polubownego w Warunkach Kontraktowych FIDIC
Authors: Bara Damian
Published: May 2021

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie procedury polubownego rozwiązania sporu zawartej w Warunkach Kontraktowych FIDIC (dalej: FIDIC). Przedsiębiorcy z branży budowlanej coraz częściej dostrzegają pozytywne aspekty stosowania polubownych metod rozwiązywania sporów, w szczególności rozwiązań przewidzianych przez FIDIC. Regulacje w nim zawarte, a dotyczące postępowania polubownego, pozwalają zminimalizować potencjalne szkody, jakie mogą powstać w przypadku sporu wynikłego w trakcie realizacji inwestycji budowlanej. FIDIC w przejrzysty sposób określa przebieg postępowania przed Inżynierem kontraktu lub Komisją Rozjemczą, co pozwala stronom na uwzględnienie czasu niezbędnego do rozstrzygnięcia potencjalnego sporu. Ponadto profesjonalizm podmiotów pełniących funkcje arbitrażowe jest gwarancją osiągnięcia porozumienia akceptowalnego dla wszystkich stron kontraktu.
Meritocratic Justification in Rulemaking and its Criticism Based on the Example of American Regulatory Agencies
Authors: Srokosz Jacek
Published: May 2021

Uzasadnienie merytokratyczne w prawotwórstwie i jego krytyka na przykładzie działalności amerykańskich agencji rządowych

Mertytokracja, w zamyśle autora tego pojęcia Michaela Younga, oznaczała powierzenie sprawowania władzy nad określonymi obszarami życia społecznego osobom posiadającym odpowiednie do tego umiejętności. Skutkiem implementacji założeń merytokratycznych miało być stworzenie systemu, gdzie kluczową rolę w zarządzaniu życiem społecznym pełnić mieli eksperci. Postulat ten odnosił się także do tworzenia regulacji wybranych dziedzin życia społecznego, co powinno zostać powierzone wyspecjalizowanym, profesjonalnym podmiotom. Autor omawia znaczenie i rolę uzasadnienia merytokratycznego dla prawodawstwa na przykładzie amerykańskich agencji regulacyjnych. Uzasadnienie to ma dwojakie znaczenie: 1) jako czynnik legitymizujący kształt wprowadzanych przepisów oraz 2) jako kamuflaż dla realizacji interesów samych agencji czy też określonych grup nacisku czy interesów.
La planificación estratégica participativa. Conceptos e instrumentos para nuevos modelos de gestión pública
Authors: Felcman Isidoro , Blutman Gustavo
Published: May 2021

Hay una idea relativamente generalizada en teoríay práctica de la planificación: pensarla como desarrollode una lógica estratégica elaborada por expertosen el aislamiento controlado que proporcionangabinetes y escritorios. Este artículo pretendedestacar la existencia de una segunda lógica, la participativa,que no tiene la misma difusión que estáteniendo la planificación estratégica en su sentidotradicional. Ambos elementos, estrategia y participación,se vinculan sinérgicamente en un ámbitoespecífico: el sector público. Desde esta mirada nosproponemos sistematizar la información acumuladaen una síntesis que pueda resultar comprensivay práctica para su utilización en la gestión públicae impulsar acciones de Planificación EstratégicaParticipativa en la Administración Pública. La ideaes poner énfasis en esa planificación que, desde elEstado, pretende promover a través de un rol activouna visión compartida de todos los actores socialesy de mercado, para obtener como producto final unproyecto colectivo de futuro. Este enfoque sostienela centralidad que desempeña el Estado en la vidasocial como garante del bien público, siguiendo laidea de generar una visión compartida y la elaboraciónde un proyecto colectivo. La metodología dela planificación estratégica participativa pretende que el producto final de la misma pertenezca al conjunto de la sociedad y no sólo a un gobiernoque circunstancialmente impulsa el proceso.
De lo nacional a lo subnacional: políticas ambientales en las provincias argentinas. La protección de glaciares en Santa Cruz y Tierra del Fuego (2010-2020)
Authors: Lucero María Paula
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo indaga los factores que incidenen la implementación de una política ambientalnacional, como lo es el Régimen de PresupuestosMínimos para la Preservación de los Glaciares ydel Ambiente Periglacial” en el nivel subnacional,en dos provincias argentinas en las que entra entensión con el desarrollo una actividad económicaque amenazaría su cumplimento: la megaminería,y ante la cual responden de forma contraria: impulsándola(Santa Cruz) y prohibiéndola (Tierradel Fuego). Se argumenta aquí que dichos factoresson la trayectoria en políticas ambientales y la autonomíay capacidad del estado provincial. El artículose desarrolla de acuerdo a una estrategia detriangulación metodológica, con análisis de datoscualitativos, cuantitativos y diversas fuentes.
Comment
Authors:   University of Waikato, Mitchell Linda
Published: May 2021

This issue includes a literature review of theory and research around children’s working theo ries; ways in which teachers purposefully inte grated the sounds, smells, tastes, sights, and textures that were known to the child, and new sensations for the child to affirm and extend the child’s sense of belonging; and case studies of four teaching and learning episodes where “everyday democratic practice” is enacted. There is also a thoughtful analysis of preservice teacher professional identity and whether and how Initial Teacher Education enables the development of advocate activist identities. Two articles raise issues that lend themselves to policy solutions in particular: an article on the impact of noise in ECE, and an article on integrated ECE service provision that is related to initiatives formulated in He Taonga te Tamaiti. Every Child a Taonga. Early Learning Action Plan 2019–2029.
“Brexit” models in the Russian-language Internet discourse
Authors: Vasbieva Dinara G. , Kapshukova Tatiana V. , Ibragimova Tursunai , Nursaule Aitbayeva , Bissenbayeva Zhanat
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses the linguistic impact of Brexit on the Russian-language Internet discourse as this event has generated a myriad of neologisms in English. The present study aims to identify the composition of Brexit-induced neologisms whose source word is -exit and to describe the features of the reception of the analyzed units at the morphological and word-formation levels in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet. The subject of the research is an assimilation of the Brexit model in the Russian language. The findings of this study indicate that the features of the reception of -exit derivatives in the Russian language were revealed in the aspect of the morphemization of the -exit component.
Percepción de los estudiantes sobre adaptaciones virtuales en cursos de anatomía humana por la contingencia SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Suárez-Escudero Juan Camilo , Bedoya Muñoz Lennis Jazmín , Posada Jurado María Camila , Arboleda Carmona Edith Patricia , Urbina Sánchez Alejandro José , Ramírez Burgos Sebastián , Bohórquez Gutiérrez Cesar Alberto , Ferreira Morales Jorge Luis
Published: May 2021

La pandemia COVID-19 modificó las formas de enseñar y aprender, pasando de clases presenciales en aulas y laboratorios a clases no presenciales sincrónicas o asincrónicas en plataformas virtuales. Los cursos de anatomía humana requieren de prácticas para comprender las estructuras anatómicas. Objetivo: el propósito es explorar la percepción de los estudiantes de Medicina, Enfermería y Psicología sobre las metodologías, contenidos y didácticas de aprendizaje que se desarrollaron en tres cursos de anatomía humana adaptados a la pandemia. Metodología: estudio observacional de corte transversal, utilizando encuesta online de quince preguntas, realizada al final del semestre 2020-I sobre percepción; alcance de expectativas; instrucciones; actividades de aprendizaje; probabilidad de recomendar cursos solo virtual, combinado o solo presencial y puntos a favor o en contra de la metodología virtual empleada. El estudio contó con una participación de 157 estudiantes, así: 56 % (88/157) curso de Anatomía Médica, 27 % (43/157) curso de Morfofisiología y 17 % (26/157) curso de neuroanatomía. Resultados: se encontró diversidad de valoraciones a favor o en contra de las adaptaciones realizadas para la educación virtual anatómica en medio de la contingencia. Sin embargo, puntos a favor de la virtualidad como la posibilidad de grabar y no desplazamiento físico más el acceso a modelos de anatomía informática, no logran superar lo comprensible de un docente y el entusiasmo que despierta lo palpable.
Study of Serum B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Levels as a Prognostic Marker in Acute Exacerbation of COPD in HSK Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka
Authors: Baragi Sunil , Jaligidad Kadappa , Souza Joachim Piedade
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and heart failure are common comorbidities in 20 – 30 % of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with acute exacerbation. Similarities in signs and symptoms and lack of objective measures to stratify them at emergency department makes the management difficult. Echocardiography though useful requires specialised training. Hence, B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is a simple test that can prognosticate the severity and can influence management in such patients. The purpose of the study was to estimate the significance of BNP during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) as an important marker of severity and to study its correlation with duration of hospital stay, place and mode of management in patients with severe and life-threatening exacerbation of COPD. METHODS This is a prospective longitudinal observational study conducted on 50 patients of severe and life-threatening COPD exacerbation admitted to General Medicine department of HSK hospital, Bagalkot and their outcomes were noted based on the BNP levels. RESULTS The study showed higher levels of BNP in patients admitted to ICU as compared to emergency ward (P = 0.001). Greater values among those on invasive mechanical ventilation vs. non-invasive ventilation (NIV). There was a positive correlation and statistical significance of BNP values with arterial blood gases (ABG) parameters like pulmonary hypertension (PH), partial pressure of carbondi-oxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), echo parameters like right ventricle (RV) diameter and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and duration of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS BNP is a simple, low cost and easily available blood test that can prognosticate oxygen requirement, mode of ventilation, place of management and can grade and reflect the severity in acute exacerbation of COPD. KEYWORDS AECOPD, BNP, Prognostic Marker, Outcome
Study of Clinico-Aetiological Profile in Patients of Liver Cirrhosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India
Authors: Kaur Jasmine , Kaur Navjot , Deep Hardeep Singh , Chopra Gaurav , Nanda Gurjyot
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND Cirrhosis is a chronic disease of liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation and fibrous thickening of the tissue. It is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Globally, the incidence of liver cirrhosis is on the rise. Therefore, the exact knowledge of aetiology, mode of clinical presentation, and pattern of development of complications of cirrhosis will help in optimal and costeffective control measures of this disease. We undertook this study to evaluate the cause and mode of presentation of patients with liver cirrhosis presenting in a tertiary care hospital of North India. We also wanted to determine biochemical changes in liver cirrhosis. METHODS This observational prospective study was conducted in the Department of Medicine over a period of one year, it included 122 cirrhotic patients of both sexes between 18 and 75 years irrespective of aetiology who fulfilled inclusion criteria. After detailed medical history and thorough physical examination, relevant laboratory investigations, ultrasound of abdomen, and upper GI endoscopy was done. Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and model for end-stage liver disease ( MELD) score was calculated. The recorded data was analysed statistically. RESULTS Out of 122 patients, 85.2 % were males and 14.8 % were females. Maximum number of patients 33.60 % were in 41 - 50 years of age. Alcohol was found to be the most common aetiological factor in 80.3 % patients. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal distension in 89.9 % patients. Various complications such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was present in 13.9 %, anaemia in 93.4 %, thrombocytopenia 75.4 %, deranged international normalized ratio (INR) 78.6 %, deranged renal function 45.9 %, hyponatremia in 35.2 % patients. Maximum number of patients 72.9 % were in CTP class C. 68 % patientshad MELD score > 14. CONCLUSIONS Males are mainly affected by liver cirrhosis due to excessive alcohol consumption therefore proper preventive measures have to be taken. The raised total leucocyte count (TLC), serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, decreased serum albumin, serum sodium and coagulopathy were found to be poor prognostic markers. KEYWORDS Cirrhosis, Aetiology, Complications, Prognosis
Pharmacokinetics of α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone in Male Rats with and without Vaccination with an α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone Vaccine
Authors: McClenahan Samantha , Gunnell Melinda , Owens Michael
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE: α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) is a second-generation synthetic cathinone which acts as an inhibitor at the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in the brain. These novel studies determined the pharmacokinetics (PK) of α-PVP in rats and then evaluated the effects of an α-PVP vaccine on the PK profile. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into treatment groups (n = 24/group) in which the vaccinated rats received an initial and two booster immunizations of the α-PVP vaccine at 0, 3, and 9 wks. Control rats received saline injections. α-PVP (0.56, 1, 3 mg/kg, sc) was then administered to both groups between 11-12 weeks and serum samples were collected for determination of α-PVP serum concentrations by LC-MS/MS (n=6 rats/treatment/time). At 13 weeks, brain, heart and kidney concentrations of α-PVP were determined by LC-MS/MS after administration of 1 mg/kg α-PVP (n=4-5 rats/treatment/time). RESULTS: PK values in control rats showed dose-dependent increases in maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUCinf) values with an elimination half-life (t1/2) of approximately 2.1 h. α-PVP exhibited linear PK profile in control rats. Vaccinated rats had significantly (p<0.05) higher serum Cmax and AUCinf values than controls, and significantly reduced total body clearance, volume of distribution and t1/2 values. Vaccinated rats had significantly lower α-PVP concentrations in the brain, heart, and kidney in comparison to control rats at early time points. CONCLUSION: Vaccination with the novel α-PVP vaccine significantly altered serum PK leading to a time-dependent reduction in brain, kidney and heart concentrations of α-PVP compared to controls.
IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF DIGITAL NATIVES
Authors: Anzak Sohima , Sultana Aneela , Fatima Ambreen
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research article is to explore how engagement with digital tools affects the health and social well-being of digital natives. The study aims to look into the facts that how youth are getting benefits from this digitalization and how it is also increasing their exposure to the associated health risks.

Methodology: The qualitative research is conducted in three selected universities of Islamabad. Through a closed-ended questionnaire, demographic data about the activities of the youth on digital technology was collected. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation were the core techniques used in the research.

Main Findings: Digital natives have improved awareness about health issues and actively educating the digital immigrants to access knowledge about treatments on various health issues at the local and global levels. The research shows that digital youth do realize that these technologies are leaving some bad effects on their health and well-being yet have not been able to get rid of them because their daily life activities are dependent on these tools.

Applications of this study: The study will be of great significance for the policymakers, who are handling the rising health issues due to digitalization impact in the society. It will be an addition to the knowledge in the disciplines of Public health, Anthropology, and Psychology besides the medical sector. Data will be used to address the health issues in the coming days by the medical professionals and social scientists.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study has generated the information about the impact of digitalization on youth’s health by using the emic approach. Digital technology has taken up the role of socialization agent for the digital natives. So it is very important to listen to the youth's voices rather than assuming what is best for them. This study is novel in the sense that it is reflecting youth and how they perceive the digital technology as a beneficial tool and how it risks their life in many ways.