bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Vascular Pathophysiologic Types of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stroke
Authors: Ryoo Sookyung , Lee Mi Ji , Cha Jihoon , Jeon Pyoung , Bang Oh Young
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—

Intracranial atherosclerotic stroke (ICAS) has various stroke mechanisms, including branch occlusive disease (BOD), subcortical infarcts caused by parent arterial disease occluding the perforator’s orifice, and non-BOD, infarcts beyond the subcortical area caused by artery-to-artery embolism. To test whether these 2 types of ICAS had different vascular pathophysiologies, we compared the high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging characteristics between BOD and non-BOD ICAS.

Methods—

Eighty patients with acute infarcts caused by ICAS of proximal middle cerebral artery or basilar artery without carotid/cardiac embolic sources or nonatherosclerotic causes were enrolled (36 BOD and 44 non-BOD patients). The steno-occlusive intracranial artery at the maximal stenosis was analyzed for vascular remodeling and wall enhancement.

Results—

BOD had distinct radiological features in terms of vascular morphology and enhancement. BOD showed a milder stenosis than non-BOD (
P
<0.001). Positive remodeling was more frequently observed in non-BOD than in BOD (
P
=0.005). Wall area index was also lower in BOD. Plaque enhancement was observed in all but one non-BOD patient and in one fourth of BOD patients (
P
=0.003). Although both types showed an eccentric enhancement, this enhancement was more frequently distributed in the BOD group on the side where the perforators arose. As the number of asymptomatic intracranial stenosis increased, the degree of stenosis (rho=0.513,
P
=0.003) increased in the BOD group, whereas enhanced plaque area (rho=0.343,
P
=0.030) increased in the non-BOD group.

Conclusions—

Our data indicate that BOD is a common and unique form of ICAS, distinct from non-BOD. These 2 types of ICAS have different vascular pathophysiologies in terms of vascular remodeling and plaque characteristics.
Revision der Gattung Dichodontium (Musci, Dicranaceae)

Authors: Frahm Jan-Peter , Kunert Veronika , Franzen Isabelle , Hoang Duy-Tam , Willmeroth Markus
Published: September 2015

The eight species so far comprised in the genus Dichodondium are reduced to three. Dichodontium verrucosum Card. is regarded as conspecific with D. pellucidum ( Hedw.) Schimp. Dichodontium opacifolium Dix. is regarded as conspecific with D. brasiliense Broth. The placement of this species in the genus Dichodontium is doubtful. Dichodontium nelsonii Kindb. proved to be Bartramia pomiformis Hedw. Dichodontium debile Broth. and D. integrum Sak. remain dubious species because of a lack of type material and references. Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp. is lectotypified.
Little walking leaves from southeast Ecuador: biology and taxonomy of
Typophyllum species (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Pterochrozinae)
Authors: BRAUN HOLGER
Published: September 2015

Eight katydid species of the leaf-mimicking specialist genus Typophyllum were found in the southeast of Ecuador in an area comprising part of the eastern Andean cordillera and foothills toward the Cordillera del Cóndor in elevations between 850 and 3000 m. They are described along with the peculiar calling songs and other interesting aspects of their biology. Three of these species are new: T. morrisi sp. nov., T. onkiosternum sp. nov. and T. vignoni sp. nov. A fourth species represented by a single male is possibly new as well. In males and females of a species considered as identical with T. egregium Hebard 1924, which was previously known from a unique female specimen, was found a remarkable variation of coloration, in addition to the striking sexual dimorphism typical for the genus, with the females being twice as large as the small males. The latter is related to the curious mating behaviour, which is documented for this species and T. erosifolium Walker 1870. The two other species found in the region are T. bolivari Vignon 1925 and T. mortuifolium Walker 1870. The calling songs of four species were recorded. In T. erosifolium and T. morrisi sp. nov. the sounds are almost pure sine waves at the lower boundary of ultrasound. In T. egregium and T. onkiosternum sp. nov. the spectrum of the carrier frequency is broader, which might be related to lower and denser vegetation at higher elevation. Based on the intraspecific variety found in T. egregium and T. erosifolium, which includes variation in tegmina shape and venation pattern, are established several syonymies among Typophyllum species from western South America. T. erosifolium is found to be identical with T. peruvianum Pictet 1888 syn. nov. Additionally are considered identical T. inflatum Vignon 1925 and T. gibbosusm Vignon 1925 syn. nov., T. trigonum Vignon 1925 and T. quadriincisum Vignon 1925 syn. nov., and finally T. lacinipenne Enderlein 1917 and T. acutum Vignon 1925 syn. nov. and T. undulatum Caudell 1918 syn. nov. The discussion treats the problematic taxonomy of the little walking leaves, bioacoustics, the pre-copulatory riding behaviour, the sophisticated mimesis, and very briefly the uncertain position within the katydid phylogeny.
Taxonomic revision of Chironius flavolineatus (Jan, 1863) with description of a new species (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Authors: HAMDAN BRENO , FERNANDES DANIEL S.
Published: September 2015

We conducted a taxonomic review of Chironius flavolineatus on the basis of continuous and discrete morphological characters. We recognize a new species which is distinguished from all currently recognized congeners by the following unique combination of characters: first third of body black or dark gray; vertebral stripe yellowish or creamish white distinct from dorsals of nape and extending throughout almost whole body length; head dorsum tan to brown, distinct from background color of first third of body; posterior temporal scales ranging one to four; cloacal shield frequently divided; two to four rows of keeled dorsal scales at midbody; venter ground color gradually darkening towards cloaca; region of medial constriction of hemipenis slightly covered with spinules separating calyces of apex from spines below region of constriction; in lateral view, sulcus spermaticus positioned on convex face of hemipenis; ascending process of premaxilla oblique anteroposteriorly to longitudinal axis of skull; optic fenestrae not exceeding frontoparietal suture; posterior border of supratemporal exceeding braincase; dorsoventral axis of quadrate oblique mesolaterally, moving away from longitudinal axis of skull. Furthermore, we provide data on morphological variation, distribution, and an emended diagnosis for C. flavolineatus.
Synopsis of the genus Pharaonus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae),
with descriptions of new taxa
Authors: KEITH DENIS , SABATINELLI GUIDO , ULIANA MARCO
Published: September 2015

An overview of the genus Pharaonus Blanchard, 1851 is presented. Pharaonus farsensis new species and P. adelphus new species are described from Iran, P. lederi turcmenius Ohaus, 1941 is recognized as new synonym of P. lederi (Reitter, 1888), and the subgenus Tamerlanius new subgenus is proposed for the two central-Asian species. New distribution records and systematic notes are presented: P. caucasicus (Reitter, 1888) is removed from the fauna of Iran and P. varicoloreus (Burmeister, 1844) from that of Israel; P. fasciculatus (Burmeister, 1844) is reported for the first time from Israel, P. semenowi (Reitter, 1888) from Tajikistan. All known species are illustrated and a key to species is presented.
Impact of Price and Export Quantity on Stock Price: A Case of Agri-Business in Indonesia
Authors: Lillyana Cynthia , Napitupulu Togar Alam
Published: September 2015

Ability to predict the stock price of agribusiness is essential and important as agribusinesses are known to be relatively high risk venture especially commodity based business such as CPO. For investor, it is important to know the factors that affect such price in order to minimize
or at least to manage risk associated with such investment. The objective of the study is to explore factors that influence stock price of agribusiness. We begin by assuming that Malaysia CPO price and the quantity of export determine the stock price. A case of CPO Company in Indonesia was
selected and its stock price was studied in relation to the mentioned factors. A multiple regression analysis was utilized to test hypothesis. The study indicates that Malaysia CPO price positively affect stock price of the company while for quantity of exports the results indicates that there
is not enough evidence to conclude its significant influence on the stock price. It is recommended to always pay attention to the Malaysian CPO price prior to making investment decision on this stock.
Does Internationalisation Improve Organisational Performance? A Study on Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Umboh Pingkan , Arief Mts. , Furinto Asnan , Hamsal Mohammad
Published: September 2015

All actors taking part in the rapidly changing social, technological, economic and political forces shaping the world must adapt and adapting to globalisation is displayed by what is called internationalisation. While internationalisation have been studied by many, no research was found
on impacts of internationalisation to organisational performance focusing on higher education institutions in Indonesia. Through desk research of existing theories and personal communication conducted from 2012–2013, this research note is hoped to contribute to the discussion of internationalisation
and its benefits to higher education institutions in Indonesia.
Development Model of Innovation Capability and Management of Innovation (A Study Case in BINUS University)
Authors: Budiastuti Dyah
Published: September 2015

BINUS University, a top leading university in system development, teaching quality and prime creation, faces challenges in creating products, programs, and even service processes that are innovative to satisfy the society’s need for higher education. This research aims to evaluate
the innovation capability, management of innovation status, as well as to design a strategy and a model of innovation capability and management of innovation in BINUS University. The research is implemented to all Faculty Members and is analyzed by statistic descriptive. The result of this
research has shown that BINUS University has succeeded well in innovation capability and management of innovation. Thus, is becoming a surplus point for the stakeholder. Even so, BINUS University should implement the innovation development model consistently to improve their capability to
innovate and utilize the management of innovation to create innovative products.
Relationship Between Products Unit Sold and Price Changes with Market Share: The Case of Skin Care Products
Authors: Ramadian Erlangga , Napitupulu Togar Alam
Published: September 2015

In industries such as Fast-Moving Consumers Good (FMCG), where the products are usually transferred in high volume with low value, comparing value market share is important. The paper will further research on the relationship of the total unit sold and the changes in price with the
market share of a specific company in the industry in hope that this research may help company to decide on product strategy based on whether the existing products’ contribution to the market shares is necessary or should the product need to be discontinued and replaced. The report will
measure the relationship between the total products sold and the changes in price with the market share, which is derived from the proportion of values compared to the total market value of the skin care market. A Multiple Regression analysis was used to formulate the relationship using Ordinary
Least Square (OLS) estimation method. It can be concluded that, number of unit sold of each product does have relationship to the market share regression model regardless its contribution’s significance. While prices changes do not significantly impacting the changes in the market shares,
this can be caused by the loyalty of the customer towards the brand. In other word, these loyal customers will buy the product no matter how much the price has changed.
Valuation of Corporate Shares, Financial Characteristics, the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance (The Case of Indonesia)
Authors: Pau Oktovianus Nawa , Kasim Muhamad Junus
Published: September 2015

This study aims to prove that if there has been an increase in the value of assets, leverage and corporate social responsibility influence on increasing the value of shares in the Indonesian capital market as a result of the implementation of good corporate governance in Indonesia.
This study is a survey of a sample of 19 corporations that have implemented good governance and implement corporate social responsibility. We used fixed effect multivariate regression analysis to examine the dependent variables influences the independent variables. The result of the study
show that by implementing good corporate governance can increase the value of corporate assets as well as the impact on the increase in value of the corporate stock market value. This is consistent with Dowling’s research that the implementation of good corporate governance is associated
with increased long-term corporate image that will have implications on the value of the corporation. Good governance can explain the relationship between the various parties participating in the corporation that determines the direction of the value of corporate stocks. The model as a whole
is significant explaining variation in dependent variable. Which is explaining by R-square 0.68 means that 0.32 explaining by external variables out of the model. Corporate governance influence to corporate size, leverage, agency cost and corporate social responsibility is up to 0.5275 it
means moderate strong. Corporate governance influence to corporate stock value is only 0.0084 it means less significant. While corporate size, leverage, agency cost and corporate social responsibility influence to corporate stock value is 0.1477 means less significant.
The Impact of Factors in Job Satisfaction Towards Employees’ Intention to Leave in Chain Hotels
Authors: Hutagalung Marion , Adiningrum Tatum Syarifah
Published: September 2015

Employee turnover is an expensive cost in the management of any venture. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between factors of job satisfaction to employee intention to leave at Arion Swiss Belhotel in Jakarta and Bandung. The survey was conducted to 240 employees
in nine departments in both hotels, using a questionnaire adapting JDI. Findings indicated that the highest influencing factors affecting employees’ turnover was the work environment, followed by pay, and opportunity for job promotion. There is no difference between employees in both
hotels in their perception towards each of the variables; as well there is no difference between layers of management. The overall finding results can be used for the hotels to set the guidelines to improve the employees’ job satisfaction and reducing the turnover rate.
Analysis of Factors that Affect the Movement of Gold’s Price as Investment Alternatives in Indonesia
Authors: Eni Yuli , Aryanto Rudy
Published: September 2015

This study examined the dominant factors that affecting the price of gold. The factors examined are London Gold price returns, the return rate of USD—INR, JCI return, inflation rate, and the return of the EURO—USD currency, which individually or simultaneously can affect
the price of gold. The purpose of this study was to investigate how influence the factors that are considered to affect the fluctuation of gold prices and gold prices predicted for the next period which can be used by investors to seek alternative investment to be made. The results will provide
information to investors about gold price forecast both long-term and short-term. This study uses secondary data taken from several websites. Further data have been obtained, processed using the method of Multiple Linear Regression Model and the ECM with GARCH models, using e-views 8 and SPSS
22. As for the results obtained from the processing of the data is simultaneously the influence of variable returns no London Gold price, return rate USD—CAD, JCI return, inflation rate, and the return of the EURO currency—USD, with the return of gold in Indonesia. Individually,
the variable returns the London Gold price and exchange rate USD—CAD who have an influence on the return of gold prices in Indonesia.
Absence System Using Your Own Device
Authors: Soewito Benfano , Simanjuntak Echo W. M. , Gunawan Irwan P.
Published: September 2015

The existing of absence system still has drawbacks, namely the queue in front of the finger scanner, the absence data are not integrated with Human Resources Systems, and also the employees who work outside the office cannot get in the absence system to do the attendance. In the other
hand, we know that everyone has the mobile devices and all the mobile devices will be embedded a finger scanner in the future. In this paper, we proposed the absence system using your own device. We used the finger scanner and coordinate Global Position System (GPS) as inputs for the absence
system that integrated with payroll system and human resource management tools. We developed our application base on android platform because the android is the most platforms that have been using in the most mobile devices. Using our proposed methodology, the employee can do attendance using
their mobile devices and they do not need to be in queue and the employee who work outside the office also can do the attendance. Our research showed that our proposed methodology can used for the next generation absence system.
Earnings Quality of Indonesian Family Businesses
Authors: Tandiono Rosaline
Published: September 2015

Many Indonesian firms started from family business. Many of them are now big public firms that contribute significantly to the Indonesian economy. As public firms, their reports are used by investors to value their traded shares. A firm’s reported earnings are important information
for investors. This study aims to examine the earnings quality of Indonesian listed family businesses and compare this information with their counterparts. Using earnings persistence and predictability as proxies for earnings quality, this study finds that the earnings of Indonesia family
businesses are less persistent than their counterpart’s earnings, due to type II agency problem and business diversification. However, there is no difference found in earnings predictability of both businesses. Thus, this study concludes that Indonesian family businesses have poor earnings
quality compared to their counterparts.
Overview of Visitor’s Experience Toward Shopping Facilities at International Airport of Jakarta
Authors: Tengku Risyad Yuliana
Published: September 2015

Background: Non-aviation revenue ratio of the Indonesia’s airport is still considered low. Objective: This study aims to identify factors affecting visitor’s satisfaction towards shopping facilities at international airport in Jakarta. Data was collected using
survey technique, where questionnaire was distributed to 200 visitors at Terminal 2, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. Results: The result of multiple linear regression analysis shows that physical environment of shopping facilities and personal factors of visitors have significant
relationships and effect toward visitor’s satisfaction at the airport shopping facilities. The result also shows that café is the most visited outlet at the respective airport. Conclusion: The study indicates that physical environment contributes more than personal factors
on satisfying visitors at airport shopping facilities. Nevertheless, both aspects should be of airport management’s concern. Airport management can consider doing refurbishment to the shops as well as forming effective marketing strategies to convey positive message to the visitors about
airport shopping.
Uniforms and Perception of Professionalism
Authors: Evelina Lidya Wati , Angeline Mia , Mariani Vini
Published: September 2015

All Corporate identity mix plays an important role in achieving the organizational objectives, which also affects consumer perceptions of organization products and services. One of the dimensions of corporate identity is the visual identity, which includes names, slogans, logos, colors,
staff appearance, and others that can be seen visually and as sociated with the organization. This study focused on staff appearance using uniforms in banking industry. Uniforms show a critical image to guests, customers, other departments and the general public. The selected bank is one of
private bank in cooperation with Binus University. Research objectives are (1) to determine attributes that describe professionalism in banking industry; (2) Binusian’s perception of professionalism through uniforms worn by banking staff. This study used quantitative method with convenience
sampling of Binusian (including students, lecturers, and staffs). Results of this study is respondents have the perception of professional bank employee in the term of service but do not necessarily have the integrity and good business ethics. The color preference which reflect professionalism
is blue, while the selected bank uses yellow as one of primary color in front office’s uniforms.
A Descriptive Study of the Indonesian Consumers
Authors: Prayoga Kasmo Arief Bowo , Wahid Nabsiah Abdul , Ismail Ishak
Published: September 2015

The aim of this paper is to describe the background of Indonesian consumers from descriptive analyses made via various secondary resources. In general, Indonesians represent a very important consumer group as they contribute towards the country’s economy via intense domestic consumption.
The descriptive findings from the simple analysis are hoped to provide the government and other interested stakeholders with initial insight on the importance of Indonesians as consumers from various aspects like psychographics and on how they contribute to the growth of the country.
Moral Reasoning of Malaysian Auditor
Authors: Haron Hasnah , Ismail Ishak , Ganesan Yuvaraj , Din Danizah Che
Published: September 2015

This study examines the level of moral reasoning of Malaysian auditors. Analysis on 79 respondents, found that Malaysian auditors have a moderate level of moral reasoning. The study found that 57% of respondents have a moral reasoning level more than 27.6% and a mean P score of 28.8%.
This implies that Malaysian auditors are more concerned with social expectations and will act in accordance to it. Improved moral reasoning will lead to improved ethical behavior. This study helps Malaysian Institute of Accountant (MIA) to strategize and to increase the level of moral reasoning
of auditors for a high level as to ensure sustainability and increase public confidence in the auditing profession.
Innovative Behavior and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Ibrahim HazrilIzwar , Shah KhairulAnuar Mohammad , Zulkafli Abdul Hadi
Published: September 2015

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between innovative behavior as the independent variable and job satisfaction as the dependent variable. Organizational culture is included to test its role as a moderator between the two variables. The study is conducted as
a pilot study and the study uses data obtained from respondents working in the automotive industry. The statistical analysis was conducted using the hierarchical regression properties of SPSS version 20. The results show that innovative behavior has a significant impact on job satisfaction
and organizational culture is significant as a moderator in its interaction with innovative behavior to impact on job satisfaction.
The Impact of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Towards the Occupancy Rate of Hotels in West Java (IMC in Practice)
Authors: Atmadja Isur
Published: September 2015

This research aims to know, to analyze and to inform the impact of IMC or the performance of the promotion mix of occupancy rate of hotels in West Java. The research can be summed up as follows: implementation of IMC done by hotels in West Java, affects OR at 18,9%. If observe each
element of the IMC turned out that the elements of marketing communication through the exhibition has the dominant influence towards the OR at 0,730 and followed by the Public Relation at 0,347, this happens because the majority of hotels in West Java still tend to use simple promotional approach,
only a small portion use the advertising via on-line. The hotel room occupancy rates in West Java in the last five years experienced the rise and down but in general the average level of OR still below 50% (fifty percent), both for the quality rated and non rated hotels. The study method used
was descriptive and verificative method with type a descriptive survey and research explanatory survey with total sample of 803 people.
An Adoption of Social Media for Marketing and Education Tools at Museum Industry
Authors: Moro Sundjaja Arta
Published: September 2015

Museum as a cultural heritage of Indonesia must communicated the history to the community. Current trend of museums visitors is declining, however some museums had increased the number of visitors. The increase of visitors from Museum of Fatahillah caused by marketing tools development.
The aimed of this paper is to determine factors that influence the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of social media so that museum management can adopt it to promotion and education activities. This paper propose several factors in adoption of social media at museum industry
which are crucials for museum to increase the numbers of visitors.
Post Modern Soul in Modern Body
Authors: Prihutomo Amanda
Published: September 2015

These days people demand more from design for a valuable offer, a design that could understand them more. And this sort of things happen in fashion design too, people need more than just a fancy and extravagant clothes and it becomes a new challenge for fashion designer to explore the
design and combine it with the need of the future market. The idea on focusing on function as added value in fashion design has already emerged since the early Modernism in the early 60’s. In Modernism, the beauty of aesthetic formulated based on function and material/structure exploration
considered to be the future of effective design. But as time goes by, Modernism was considered to be rigid, dull and cliché, their beauty esthetic regarded as inhuman and less personal. The market demand seemed to be shifted to something more personal and have a “soul” in
design, which later answered by Post Modernism that bloom in late 70’s until today. So the question of how Modernism approached design, which in the beginning was actually based on human needs, technology, effectiveness and function to offer, have failed the market? How Postmodern with
personal touch that less effective can answer the need of soul for humanist design in the future? But in the end are both Modernism and Post Modernism really an opposite?
Competitiveness Improvement of Indonesian Logistics Service Providers a Conceptual Model and Future Research Framework
Authors: Sudrajat Darjat
Published: September 2015

Competitiveness has been a serious problem for Indonesia logistics service providers (LSP) particularly in the context of ASEAN Economic Community in 2015. Conceptually, some previous researches showed that the competitiveness could be improved through innovative capabilities and performance
improvement. Nevertheless, these researches related only two of the three variables, namely between innovative capabilities and performance, innovative capabilities and competitiveness, and performance and competitiveness. These researches did not explain that the performance can be a mediator
(intervening) variable for relationship between innovative capabilities and competitiveness (relationships of three variables). Based on the gap, this research aimed to develop the conceptual model, hypothesis and its dimensions for the future research. By using explanatory research design,
a conceptual model of competitiveness improvement, hypothesis, and its dimensions were developed to be verified in the future research. The dimensions of the three variables included financial strength, customer value, technology/skills, shareholder value (competitiveness); profitability and
growth (performance); sensing capability, combination capability, and relational capability (innovative capabilities).
Economic Order Quantity Model for Minimizing Total Inventory Cost at PT PQR in Indonesia
Authors: Simamora Bachtiar H.
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this research is to see whether an Economic Order Quantity model can be used to reduce cost of inventory significantly in PT PQR, manufacturer of spring and sponge mattresses in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The research was conducted on three main materials required in producing
spring and sponge mattresses. Using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model to analyze historical demand on main materials, it is proven that with EOQ model the company can save by more than 45% from procuring and inventory costs of those materials. The research continues to forecast the sales
demand to get the annual requirement of materials needed in 2014 and calculate the EOQ model again. The results show that, comparing with traditional practice done by company, EOQ model can reduce costs up to 118 million rupiah per year.
Analysis of Hyperabrupt and Uniform Junctions in GaAs for the Application of Varactor Diode
Authors: Heo Jun-Woo , Hong Sejun , Choi Seok-Gyu , Kim Hyun-Seok
Published: September 2015

In this study, we present a GaAs varactor diode with a hyperabrupt junction for the enhancement of breakdown voltage and capacitance variation in a reverse bias state. The hyperabrupt doping profile in the n-type active layer is prepared in a controlled nonlinear manner, with
the density of the dopants increasing towards the Schottky junction. The hyperabrupt GaAs varactor diode is fabricated and characterized for breakdown voltage and capacitance over the electric field, induced by an applied reverse bias voltage. A reduced value of the electric field is observed
owing to the nonlinear behavior of the electric field at the hyperabrupt junction, although the device has a larger doping density at the Schottky junction. Furthermore, the capacitance ratio of the hyperabrupt junction diode is also improved. Variation in the device capacitance is affected
by variation in the depletion region across the junction. Technology CAD is used to understand the experimental phenomena by considering the magnitude of charge density as a function of the doping profile. A higher breakdown voltage and greater capacitance modulation are shown in the hyperabrupt
junction diode compared to the uniform junction diode.
Crystalline Direction Dependence of Spin Precession Angle and Its Application to Complementary Spin Logic Devices
Authors: Park Youn Ho , Kim Hyung-Jun , Chang Joonyeon , Choi Heon-Jin , Koo Hyun Cheol
Published: September 2015

In a semiconductor channel, spin-orbit interaction is divided into two terms, Rashba and Dresselhaus effects, which are key phenomena for modulating spin precession angles. The direction of Rashba field is always perpendicular to the wavevector but that of Dresselhaus field depends
on the crystal orientation. Based on the individual Rashba and Dresselhaus strengths, we calculate spin precession angles for various crystal orientations in an InAs quantum well structure. When the channel length is 1 μm, the precession angle is 550° for the [110] direction
and 460° for the [1–10] direction, respectively. Using the two spin transistors with different crystal directions, which play roles of n- and p-type transistors in conventional charge transistors, we propose a complementary logic device.
Characterization of Mn-Based Self-Forming Barriers on Low-k Samples With or Without UV Curing Treatment
Authors: Park Jae-Hyung , Kang Min-Soo , Han Dong-Suk , Choi Duck-Kyun , Park Jong-Wan
Published: September 2015

In the present work, we report a Cu–Mn alloy as a material for the self-forming barrier process, and we investigated the diffusion barrier properties of the self-formed layer on low-k dielectrics with or without UV curing treatment. Cu alloy films with 3.8 at% Mn were directly
deposited onto low-k dielectrics by co-sputtering followed by annealing at various temperatures. The self-formed layers were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In order to compare barrier properties between the Mn-based self-formed
layer on low-k dielectric with UV curing and the interlayer on low-k dielectric without UV curing, thermal stability was measured at various thermal stress temperatures. Our results indicated that the formation of the barrier at the interface of Cu–Mn alloy/low-k dielectric was enhanced
by UV curing due to changes in the porosity and C concentration in the dielectric layer.
Effect of Oxygen on the Structural/Electrical Properties of NIZO Films on Transparent Flexible Substrates
Authors: Lim Byung-Wook , Lee Young-Jun , Kim Joo-Hyung , Jeong Hyeon-Taek , Ha Tae-Won , Kim Eun-Mi , Heo Gi-Seok , Kim Young-Baek , Kim Hyeon-Ju , Lee Ho-Saeng
Published: September 2015

Thin film transparent oxides have attracted considerable attention over the last few decades for transparent electronic applications, such as flat panel displays, solar cells, touch-pads, and mobile devices. Metallic doped InZnO (IZO) films have been suggested for the transparent layer
exhibiting semiconducting or metallic properties because of its controllable mobility and excellent electrical properties, but they show a degradation of the electrical performance under bending conditions. This study assessed Ni doped IZO (NIZO) films as a flexible transparent electrode on
different flexible transparent substrates for flexible electronic applications. Thin NIZO films were deposited on cellulose, PES and glass substrates using a sputtering system with a single NIZO target (In2O3 73.8/ZnO 15.7/NiO 10.5 mol.%) at room temperature. During deposition
of the NIZO films, the total flow rate of the carrier gas was maintained using a regulating system. The effects of the oxygen content in the carrier gas on the structural, electrical and optical properties of the thin films deposited on flexible substrates was characterized. The results highlight
the feasibility of the transparent NIZO oxide layer on flexible substrates as a flexible electrode with a relatively high sheet resistance, which is strongly related to the crystallographic structure and oxygen content during the film deposition process.
Characteristic Evaluation on Cooling Performance of Thermoelectric Modules
Authors: Seo Sae Rom , Han Seungwoo
Published: September 2015

The aim of this work is to develop a performance evaluation system for thermoelectric cooling modules. We describe the design of such a system, composed of a vacuum chamber with a heat sink along with a metal block to measure the absorbed heat Qc. The system has a
simpler structure than existing water-cooled or air-cooled systems. The temperature difference between the cold and hot sides of the thermoelectric module ΔT can be accurately measured without any effects due to convection, and the temperature equilibrium time is minimized compared
to a water-cooled system. The evaluation system described here can be used to measure characteristic curves of Qc as a function of ΔT, as well as the current–voltage relations. High-performance thermoelectric systems can therefore be developed using optimal
modules evaluated with this system.
Investigation of Intrinsic Electrical Characteristics and Contact Effects in p-Type Tin Monoxide Thin-Film Transistors Using Gated-Four-Probe Measurements
Authors: Han Young-Joon , Choi Yong-Jin , Jeong Hoon , Kwon Hyuck-In
Published: September 2015

We investigate the intrinsic electrical characteristics and source/drain parasitic resistance in p-type SnO TFTs fabricated using Ni electrodes based on the gated-four-probe method. Because of the relatively high work function and inexpensive price, Ni has been most frequently used
as the source/drain electrode materials in p-type SnO TFTs. However, our experimental data shows that the width normalized parasitic resistances of SnO TFT with Ni electrodes are around one to three orders of magnitude higher than those in the representative n-type oxide TFT, amorphous
indium– gallium–zinc oxide TFT, and are comparable with those in amorphous silicon TFTs with Mo electrodes. This result implies that the electrical performance of the short channel SnO TFT can be dominated by the source/drain parasitic resistances. The intrinsic field-effect mobility
extracted without being influenced by source/drain parasitic resistance was ∼2.0 cm2/Vs, which is around twice the extrinsic field-effect mobility obtained from the conventional transconductance method. The large contact resistance is believed to be mainly caused from the heterogeneous
electronic energy-level mismatch between the SnO and Ni electrodes.
Elevated Temperature Operation of 4H-SiC Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Kang Min Seok , Yu Susanna , Koo Sang Mo
Published: September 2015

We fabricated 4H-SiC nanoribbon field effect transistors (FETs) of various channel thickness (tch) of 100∼500 nm by a “top–down” approach, using a lithography and plasma etching process. We studied the dependence of the device transfer characteristics
on the channel geometry. This demonstrated that fabricated SiC nanoribbon FETs with a tch of 100 nm show normally-on characteristics, and have a threshold voltage of −12 V, and a maximum transconductance value of 8.8 mS, which shows improved drain current degradation
of the SiC nanoribbon FETs with tch =100 nm at elevated temperature. This can be attributed to the improved heat dissipation, enhanced channel mobility, and together with widening of effective channel thickness depletion induced.
Preparation of Poly[Styrene(ST)-co-Allyloxy-2-Hydroxypropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt(COPS-I)] Colloidal Crystalline Photonic Crystals
Authors: Choo Hun Seung , Lee Ki Chang
Published: September 2015

Colloidal crystalline photonic crystals using highly monodisperse poly[Styrene(ST)-co-Allyloxy-2- hydroxypropane sulfonic acid sodium salt(COPS-I)] microspheres were prepared to study their optical properties under visible light. For this purpose, a series of surfactant-free
emulsion copolymerizations was carried out at various reaction conditions such as the changes of ST/COPS-I ratio, polymerization temperature, KPS initiator and DVB crosslinker concentration. All the latices showed highly uniform spherical particles in the size range of 165∼550 nm and the
respective opaline structural colors from their colloidal photonic crystals. It is found that the changes in such polymerization factors greatly affect the number of particles and particle diameter, polymerization rate, molecular weight, zeta-potential, and refractive indices.
Gapped Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguides for Plasmonic Signal Modulation Applications
Authors: Lee Dong Hun , Lee Myung-Hyun
Published: September 2015

We investigate the characteristics of gapped surface plasmon polariton waveguides (G-SPPWs) to control a guided SPP through interaction with an applied force in the gap at a telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm. Gold is used as the metal in the insulator-metal-insulator
waveguides (IMIWs). A low-loss polymer is used for the 30-μm-thick upper and lower cladding layers. The excited input SPPs propagate, jump over gaps with low coupling losses, and propagate again, even though there is a lengthy 12-μm-long gap in the G-SPPWs. The coupling
loss is less than 0.05 dB for G-SPPWs with a gap up to 8−μm long, various widths up to 8 μm, and various thicknesses up to 50 nm. The normalized transmissions of the 2-μm-wide and 20-nm-thick G-SPPWs are less than −0.06 dB with various gap lengths
up to 8 μm. The normalized transmissions of the 2-μm-long and 20-nm-thick G-SPPWs are less than −0.05 dB with various widths up to 8 μm. The normalized transmissions of the G-SPPWs that are 2-μm-wide and 2-μm-long are less than −0.27
dB for various thicknesses up to 50 nm. The maximum normalized transmission of −0.041 dB is obtained using the 2-μm-long, 2-μm-wide and 20-nm-thick G-SPPW. G-SPPWs have potential as a new plasmonic modulation device via control of the guided SPP through interaction
with an applied force in the gap.
Effects of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate as a Co-Adsorbate on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Oh Ju Hee , Sung Shi-Joon , Han Yoon Soo
Published: September 2015

As a surface modifier, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and its effects on the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells were investigated. When the SDS was co-adsorbed with dye (N719) onto TiO2 surface, the DSSCs with SDS
showed an increase in short-circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor, leading to a considerable improvement of over 23% in power conversion efficiency, compared to the reference cell without SDS. Incorporation of SDS on TiO2
surface induced longer lifetime of electrons injected from excited dyes to conduction band of TiO2, leading to an increase in the electron collection efficiency and thus an enhancement in Jsc. The longer lifetime by a suppression of the interfacial charge recombination
could also contribute to an increment in Voc.
Effect of TiCl4 Post-Treatment on the Embedded-Type TiO2 Nanotubes Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Kang-Pil , Kim Jeong-Hwa , Hwang Dae-Kue , Sung Shi-Joon , Heo Young-Woo
Published: September 2015

We have studied the effect of TiCl4 post-treatment on the embedded-type TiO2 nanotubes (NT)-dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The TiO2 nanoparticles layer formed on TiO2 NTs surface by TiCl4 post-treatment showed different morphologies
depending on TiCl4 treatment temperature. These different morphologies influenced the cell efficiency of TiO2 NT-DSSCs. The TiO2 NT treated with TiCl4 at 50 °C exhibited a rougher surface than that treated at 70 °C. The rough surface of the
TiO2 NT improved the charge exchange between the dye and electrolyte. The TiO2 NT treated with TiCl4 at 50 °C showed better fill factor and cell efficiency than that treated at 70 °C. The TiCl4 post-treatment of TiO2 NT was effective
at conditions of low temperature and long times. The TiO2 NT-DSSCs with TiCl4 post-treatment at 50 °C for 1.5 h showed an efficiency of 6.52%.
The Study of Optical Properties as Glass Composition of Bi2O3-Based Glass/Phosphor Mixed Paste
Authors: Hwang M. K. , Kim I. G. , Jung Y. K. , Ryu B. K.
Published: September 2015

Recently, White light emitting diodes (WLEDs) have been studied because of many advantages such as lower energy consumption, fast response, high brightness. Glass frit has been interested in LED packages due to their superior properties such as long-term stability and permeability.
To maximize the LED light emission characteristic, the glass frit was required a low firing temperature and high refractive index. We selected the bismuth-based glass due to their low melting and high refractive index. This study was investigated characteristics of glass according to the influence
of the glass within Bi2O3 content and this glass characteristic change was studied the effects on the optical properties of LED package structure. The properties changes of the glass frit affect the optical property of the mixed paste. With higher contents of Bi2O3
glass composition, the transmittance and emission intensity of the mixed paste was increased. These results suggest that the difference in refractive index between the phosphor and glass frit is minimized, the loss of light is minimized.
Advanced Passivation Technology and Loss Factor Minimization for High Efficiency Solar Cells
Authors: Park Cheolmin , Balaji Nagarajan , Jung Sungwook , Choi Jaewoo , Ju Minkyu , Lee Seunghwan , Kim Jungmo , Bong Sungjae , Chung Sungyoun , Lee Youn-Jung , Yi Junsin
Published: September 2015

High-efficiency Si solar cells have attracted great attention from researchers, scientists, photovoltaic (PV) industry engineers for the past few decades. With thin wafers, surface passivation becomes necessary to increase the solar cells efficiency by overcoming several induced effects
due to associated crystal defects and impurities of c-Si. This paper discusses suitable passivation schemes and optimization techniques to achieve high efficiency at low cost. SiNx film was optimized with higher transmittance and reduced recombination for using as an effective
antireflection and passivation layer to attain higher solar cell efficiencies. The higher band gap increased the transmittance with reduced defect states that persisted at 1.68 and 1.80 eV in SiNx films. The thermal stability of SiN (Si-rich)/SiN (N-rich) stacks was also
studied. Si-rich SiN with a refractive index of 2.7 was used as a passivation layer and N-rich SiN with a refractive index of 2.1 was used for thermal stability. An implied VOC of 720 mV with a stable lifetime of 1.5 ms was obtained for the stack layer after firing. Si–N
and Si–H bonding concentration was analyzed by FTIR for the correlation of thermally stable passivation mechanism. The passivation property of spin coated Al2O3 films was also investigated. An effective surface recombination velocity of 55 cm/s with a high density
of negative fixed charges (Qf) on the order of 9×1011 cm−2 was detected in Al2O3 films.
Optical Properties of Cu-Doped ZnO Films Prepared by Cu Solution Coating
Authors: Allabergenov Bunyod , Chung Seok-Hwan , Kim Sungjin , Choi Byeongdae
Published: September 2015

This work demonstrates the fabrication of Cu-doped ZnO films by Cu solution coating method. Cu ink was spin coated on ZnO thin films prepared by e-beam deposition. After curing and annealing at high temperatures, structural, morphological and optical properties of the films were characterized
by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and spectrofluorometer, respectively. The XRD results showed that ZnO films formed polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the grain size increased with increasing the annealing temperature from 500 to 850 °C.
The changes in lattice parameters were caused by grain size, strain, and residual stress. Morphological analysis have revealed that the Cu-doped ZnO film after annealing at 500 °C has flat surface with uniformly distributed grain size, which became porous after higher temperature annealing
process. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminescence spectras have shown the presence of Zn, Cu, and O elements, and combined violet, blue, green and weak red emissions between 350 and 650 nm in the ZnO films, respectively.