bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Volkova A. R. , Dygun O. D. , Abramova I. M. , Nechaeva E. V. , Galkina O. V. , Belyakova L. A.
Published: February 2019

It is known that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often have hypothyroidism. In patients with CKD, iodine excretion in the urine is disrupted. The high content of iodine in the thyroid gland and tissues leads to a disruption in the synthesis and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. In hypothyroidism, there is a disruption of sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal tubule, the volume of the filtrate increases, the volume of the tubular apparatus overloads, and the eGFR decreases.THЕAIM:to study the occurrence of hypothyroidism in patients with different stages of CKD, to evaluate the parameters of thyroid status and antithyroid antibodies in patients with CKD.PATIENTS AND METHODS.953 patients from I.P. Pavlov SPbSMU clinics (screening group) were examined. TSH, free T4, serum creatinine were defined and eGFR was calculated using the formula CKD-EPI in all patients. A group of patients with hypothyroidism accounted for 466 patients. Patients with a normal TSH of 0.4-2.5 mIU / L (comparison group) were selected from the screening group.RESULTS.eGFR in the screening group and in the group of hypothyroid patients correlated with age. Hypothyroidism was associated with female sex and older age. In the group of patients with advanced stage CKD (3B-5), the incidence of subclinical and manifest hypothyroidism was 3 times higher than in the group with normal GFR (GFR> 90 ml / min, p = 0.007). In the group of patients with hypothyroidism, the frequency of advanced stages of CKD (3B-5) was 2 times higher than in the comparison group (p = 0.02). In patients with CKD, a direct correlation was found between GFR and free T3 (r = 0.34, p = 0.02). Thyroid peroxidase antibodies were revealed in 64% of patients with CKD with hypothyroidism.CONCLUSION.Hypothyroidism is associated with chronic kidney disease. For patients with CKD, there is a syndrome of euthyroid pathology ("low T3" syndrome). Hypothyroidism in patients with CKD is not always the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis.
KIDNEY FUNCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES
Authors: Zharikov A. Yu. , Balandovich B. A. , Shchekochikhina R. O. , Zharikova G. V.
Published: February 2019

THE AIM. To study the renal function of rats in conditions of streptozotocin-induced model of experimental diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was conducted on 25 male Wistar stock rats (12 individuals – a group of intact rats and 13 individuals – a disease control group). Diabetes mellitus was simulated by intraperitoneal administration of Stretpozotocin at a dose of 65 mg / kg. For a more selective simulation of type II diabetes, rats of the disease control group were injected intraperitoneally with a cytoflavin solution at the rate of 115 mg / kg nicotinamide dosage. In both groups, the daily urine volume was collected every 7 days during the month, in which the concentrations of glucose, protein, and creatinine were determined. Taking into account the daily volume of diuresis, excretion of glucose, protein, and creatinine was calculated. RESULTS. At baseline, all determinable indicators of renal function in rats did not differ between groups. Then, in the disease control group, there was a significant increase in daily diuresis, protein excretion, glucose excretion, and creatinine. As a result, by the end of the experiment, the magnitude of these indicators exceeded the level of intact rats by 2.0; 1.5, 3.2 and 1.9 times, respectively, CONCLUSION. Under conditions of the streptozotocin model of diabetes mellitus, characteristic changes in the renal excretory function are observed: an increase in daily diuresis, an increase in the excretion of glucose, an excretion of protein and creatinine.
Hermenéutica, autonomía y experiencia en la estética alemana contemporánea. A propósito de El arte como praxis humana. Una estética de Georg Bertram.
Authors: Garnica Naím
Published: February 2019

A dos años de su publicación original (Kunst als menschliche Praxis. Eine Asthetik, 2014) ingresa por primera vez, en manos de la excelente traducción de José Francisco Zuñiga García, un libro completo de Georg Bertram. Este profesor alemán de filosofía de la Freien Universitat Berlin cuenta con una productividad destacada como sorprendente, pues atraviesa diversos campos y tradiciones de discusión filosófica con cierta comodidad. Bertram puede discutir tanto con la tradición analítica como con los herederos de la tradición crítica de la estética alemana (Albrecht Wellmer, Martin Seel, Christoph Menke) y las fuentes de la hermenéutica contemporánea. Probablemente, este hecho tenga que ver con su trayectoria intelectual y formativa que, como bien indica la edición de esta colección de estética de la editorial española Comares, el autor ha investigado al lado de pensadores provenientes de muy diversas corrientes de pensamiento, desde Martin Seel u Odo Marquard hasta los circuitos académicos de Pittsburgh orientados por John McDowell. Esto último es evidente en la reconstrucción de Kant y Hegel que Bertram realiza en los capítulos dos y tres de este texto. Los trabajos de los llamados “neohegelianos de Pittsburgh” o Pittsburgh School (John McDowell, Robert Brandom, Robert Pippin, Terry Pinkard) se vuelven visibles en el análisis de los idealistas alemanes.
Tingkat Kepuasan Penumpang Angkutan Udara Full Service Garuda Indonesia di Bandara Mutiara Palu
Authors: Masripah Siti , Yarlina Lita
Published: February 2019

Perkembangan penumpang angkutan udara di Bandara Mutiara Palu saat ini mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 3,4%. Dalam hal ini berkaitan dengan layanan penumpang angkutan udara yang diberikan oleh maskapai penerbangan PT. Garuda Indonesia dengan kelompok layanan full service (standar maksimum). Maksud penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan penumpang angkutan udara dengan pelayanan full service PT. Garuda Indonesia di Bandara Mutiara Palu. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). Hasil pengumpulan dan pengolahan data yang diperoleh dari 30 opini penumpang di Bandara Mutiara Palu, yang menghasilkan CSI sebesar 80,001% yang artinya PT. Garuda Indonesia dalam memberikan pelayanannya kepada penumpang angkutan udara Di Bandara Mutiara Palu sangat memuaskan.
Profil dan Positioning Komuter di Jabodetabek Menggunakan Analisis Korespondensi
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi
Published: February 2019

Komuter merupakan salah satu bentuk mobilitas non permanen yang keberadaannya semakin menonjol terutama pada kota-kota besar dan sekitarnya. Profil komuter di Jabodetabek : sebanyak 66,02 persen komuter di Jabodetabek berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 33,98 persen berjenis kelamin perempuan. Sebanyak 81,35 persen dari komuter melakukan aktivitas untuk bekerja, 18,25 persen untuk bersekolah dan 0,41 persen melakukan aktivitas lainnya. Sebagian besar komuter memiliki lapangan pekerjaan utama di bidang perdagangan dan jasa. Moda transportasi yang digunakan oleh komuter sebagian besar adalah sepeda motor dan kendaraan umum dengan rute untuk melakukan aktivitasnya ke tempat kegiatan.Terdapat perbedaan yang sangat signifikan pada hubungan antara tempat tinggal dan jarak tempuh, lama perjalanan dan biaya transportasi. Bila dilakukan segmentasi berdasarkan variabel tempat tinggal dan jarak tempuh, terbentuk dua segmen yaitu segmen pertama terdiri atas komuter yang bertempat tinggal di Jakarta dan Tangerang yang dicirikan oleh jarak tempuh perjalanan < 10 km dan 10 – 19 km. Segmen kedua terdiri atas komuter yang bertempat tinggal di Bogor, Depok dan Bekasi yang dicirikan oleh jarak tempuh perjalanan 20 – 29 km, 30 – 39 km, 40 – 49 km serta > 50 km. Berdasarkan variabel tempat tinggal dan lama perjalanan, terbentuk dua buah segmen yaitu segmen pertama terdiri atas komuter yang bertempat tinggal di Jakarta yang dicirikan oleh lama perjalanan berkisar 30 – 59 menit. Segmen kedua terdiri atas komuter yang bertempat tinggal di Bogor, Depok, Tangerang dan Bekasi yang dicirikan oleh lama perjalanan <30 menit, 60 – 90 menit dan >90 menit. Berdasarkan variabel tempat tinggal dan biaya transportasi yang dikeluarkan, terbentuk dua buah segmen yaitu segmen pertama terdiri atas komuter yang bertempat tinggal di Jakarta dan Tangerang yang dicirikan oleh biaya transportasi yang dikeluarkan < Rp.5000 dan Rp.5000-14.999. Segmen kedua terdiri atas komuter yang bertempat tinggal di Bogor, Depok dan Bekasi yang dicirikan oleh biaya transportasi yang dikeluarkan sebesar Rp.15.000-29.999 dan >Rp.30.000.
Pengoperasian Lintas Penyeberangan Bitung (Sulawesi Utara) – Davao dan Santos City (Filipina) Dalam Mewujudkan Konektivitas Asean
Authors: Mudana I Ketut
Published: February 2019

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan analisis potensi demand, ketersediaan fasilitas dan kemungkinannya pengoperasian angkutan penyeberangan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah komoditi ekspor Sulawesi Utara ke Philipina berjumlah 10.200.665,35 kg (10.200,67 ton) dan impor dari Philipina ke Sulawesi Utara berjumlah 771,687,62 kg (771,69 ton), kondisi ini menggambarkan bahwa komoditi ekspor dan impor yang diangkut masih relatif kecil jumlahnya, oleh karena itu trip kapal yang dibutuhkan atas dasar barang ekspor hanya 62 trip setahun dan 4 trip setahun untuk mengangkut barang impor. Apabila rencana pengoperasian kapal RORO lintas Bitung-Davao-Santos City dilaksanakan, maka akan terjadi ketimpangan trip yaitu sebanyak 48 trip pada saat kapal kembali dari Philipina ke Bitung kosong karena tidak ada barang yang perlu diangkut untuk itu akan memerlukan insentif atau subsidi yang cukup besar. Di sisi lain Dermaga Moveable Bridge (MB) belum memadai karena kapal yang beroperasi saat ini mengalami kesulitan sandar. Kesepakatan Pemerintah Indonesia dan Pemerintah Filipina terkait dengan pengoperasian kapal RoRo terutama angkutan kargo perlu dipertimbangkan kembali. sedangkan fasilitas yang lain termasuk fasilitas keselamatan masih cukup baik.
SOSIALISASI PERATURAN BANTUAN HUKUM DI KECAMATAN CIWARU, KABUPATEN KUNINGAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Rahmat Diding , Akhmaddhian Suwari , Budiman Haris
Published: February 2019

Every citizen has the right in law and justice, therefore the government makes Law No. 16 of 2011 on Legal Aid to protect its citizens in the event of a catastrophe. The aim of devotion to this community is to emphasize the people or the villagers, as well as other goals aimed at providing this counseling that parents can add information related to the process of handling criminal acts and how to follow up in the event of a criminal offense. The method used is by way of talk and discussion then terminated with question and answer. The results obtained from the devotion to this community are the more sensitive and know how criminal and legal proceedings and the response to legal issues, especially those related to the criminal act of the present crime, are expected with the devotion to this society parents can become work in keeping his family from various possibilities related to crime and legal assistance.Keywords: Legal Aid, Prevention, Socialization�AbstrakSetiap warga negara mempunyai hak dalam hukum dan keadilan, oleh kerana itu pemerintah membuat Undang-Undang nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum untuk melindungi warganya dalam hal terjadi musibah yang menimpa masyarakat. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini lebih menitik beratkan kepada orang-orang atau warga desa, adapun sasaran lain yang menjadi tujuan dari diadakannnya penyuluhan ini yaitu para orang tua yang mana dapat menambah informasi terkait dengan proses penanganan tindak pidana dan bagaimana menindaklanjuti apabila terjadi tindak pidana. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan cara ceramah dan diskusi kemudian diakhiri dengan tanya jawab. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu masyarakat lebih peka dan mengetahui bagaimana proses tindak pidana dan bantuan hokum serta respon terhadap permasalahan hukum khususnya yang berkaitan dengan berbagai acaman tindak pidana pada sekarang ini, diharapkan dengan adanya pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini para orang tua dapat menjadi bekal dalam menjaga keluarganya dari berbagai kemungkinan yang terkait dengan tindak pidana dan bantuan hukum.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Sinektik untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Authors: Daswa Daswa
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT This study aims to solve the problem of lack of creative thinking ability used sinektik learning model. This research is a quasi-experimental design with a control group of non-equivalence. The subjects in this study were students of MTs Husnul Khotimah Kuningan VIII class are divided into two groups: the experimental group as many as 31 students and a control group as many as 33 students. The experimental group get sinektik learning model, while the control group getting conventional learning models. Collecting data using the research results in the form of test instruments of creative thinking ability. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Data pretest and posttest of creative thinking ability processed with SPSS 16 for windows. The results showed that an increase in creative thinking abilities of students who study mathematics learning model sinektik better than students who use conventional learning model.                                                                                                          Keywords: sinektik learning model, the ability creative thinking.
KEMAMPUAN PEMODELAN MATEMATIKA DALAM REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME)
Authors: Pitriani Pitriani
Published: February 2019

Mathematical modeling ability: the ability of students in translating a real problem in everyday life sentence into mathematics (mathematical models). Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is a math learning approach that starts from things that are 'real' for students or contexts easily imagined by students, then represented in the form of formal mathematics through mathematical processes. Learning to use RME to be intensified to remember that this learning can improve students' mathematical modeling ability. By having a good modeling ability so students can complete mathematical problems very well too.Keywords: Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), Mathematical Modeling Ability
KEMAMPUAN VISUAL-SPATIAL THINKING DALAM GEOMETRI RUANG MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS KUNINGAN
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni , Prayitno Anggar Titis
Published: February 2019

Abstract Geometry is a branch of mathematics that is taught in school, from elementary school, high school and college. Student Mathematics Education Kuningan University in the course Geometry 3D which gained less than satisfactory achievements in the course of the geometry 3D. The ability visual thinking and spatial thinking affect learners' achievements in learning the geometry. Authors interested in diagnosing the difficulties Student Mathematics Education of Kuningan University in the course Geometry 3D through Ability Test of Visual-Spatial Thinking. The purpose of this study is to diagnose visual-spatial thinking abilities Student of Kuningan University and describe efforts to improve student results in the course of the geometry 3D. Based on the exposure of the work about the ability of visual-spatial thinking and discussion it can be concluded that: a) The ability of visual-spatial thinking mathematics education student Kuningan University is still low, especially students who are capable of moderate and low. Students are still experiencing difficulties in resolving problems related to the concept of a perpendicular line and projections; distance of points, lines and areas; as well as the angle between the line and the field; b) The ability of visual-spatial thinking is a skill that must be developed in studying the geometry 3D, one of the low result of learning the geometry 3D is due to the ability of visual-spatial thinking is still low; c) One effort to improve visual-spatial thinking ability of students is learning the geometry of space through problem-based learning with assisted software GeoGebra.Keywords: Visual-Spatial Thinking Ability, Geometri 3D
PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MELALUI PENDEKATAN KETERAMPILAN METAKOGNITIF DENGAN MODEL ADVANCE ORGANIZER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIK SISWA SMA
Authors: Hutajulu Masta
Published: February 2019

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menelaah pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematik siswa pada pembelajaran matematika melalui pendekatan ketrampilan metakognitif dengan model advance organizer dan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa. Penelitian ini diharapkan  memberi kontribusi untuk setiap guru dan siswa pada pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan Ketrampilan Metakogntif dengan model Advance Organizer. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan tes. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematik siswa pada pembelajaran matematika melalui pendekatan ketrampilan metakognitif dengan model advance organizer lebih baik dari pembelajaran biasa.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN OPEN-ENDED UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENALARAN MATEMATIK SISWA SMP
Authors: Herdiman Indri
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study aims or determining whether the achievement and improvement of mathematical reasoning of junior high school students who learn using open-ended approach is better than using conventional learning. The research conducted was experimental research. The population in this study was all junior high school students in Kabupaten Bandung Barat. While the samples were taken two classes VIII from one grade, where class VIII B became experimental class and class VIII A became the control class . The instrument used in the research was in the form of five essay tests that measure students' mathematical reasoning. To know the improvement of student's mathematical reasoning before and after learning activity, normalized gain calculation was done, then data of pretest and postes result were processed by normality, homogeneity and difference average tests. Based on the analysis of the data resul processing in this study, it could be concluded that the achievement and improvement of mathematical reasoning among students who learn using open-ended approach was better than using conventional learning.Keywords: Open-Ended Approach, Mathematical Reasoning
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI SISWA SMA MELALUI TEKNIK PROBING � PROMTNG
Authors: Wulan Dewi Ananti , Susanti Ely , Aisyah Nyimas
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis research is aimed to increase students higher order thinking skill in mathematics learning using probing-prompting learning technique. This research is descriptive research with 21 students of X.C class at SMAN 02 Indralaya Utara as the subject. Learning process is according to the characteristic and steps of probing-prompting learning technique. Techniques for collecting data are test which includes of three problems and interview to obtain additional data. According to the results of research, it�s obtained that representation of students� higher order thinking skill in problem based learning on X.C class at SMAN 02 Indralaya Utara is good with this details: percentage of students who have higher order thinking skill with category excellent is 19%. Then, 38,1% have higher order thinking skill with category good; 28,6% have higher order thinking skill with category medium; 14,3% have higher order thinking skill with category bad; nothing shave higher order thinking skill with category very bad. Indicator of analyzing have the highest percentage with 85,7%. Then, indicator of evaluating have percentage 71,4%, and indicator with the lowest percentage is creating with 44,6%.Keywords: Higher order thinking skill, probing-prompting technique
ANALISIS PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA MELALUI PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA PADA MATA KULIAH PERKEMBANGAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Lestari Wiwit Damayanti
Published: February 2019

Media menjadi alat untuk menyampaikan suatu konsep dalam pembelajaran dengan lebih mudah. Pembelajaran berbasis multimedia dapat melibatkan perhatian, menumbuhkan pemikiran, meningkatkan pemahaman, dan memberikan pengalaman belajar mahasiswa secara luas. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prestasi belajarmahasiswa terhadap penerapan pembelajaran berbasis multimedia pada mata kuliah perkembangan peserta didik. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa pendidikan matematika semester IIA tahun akademik 2016/2017. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah soal tes perkembangan peserta didik, portofolio, observasi, dan wawancara. Seluruh data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis sesuai dengan langkah yaitu mereduksi data, menyajikan data, penarikan kesimpulan, dan verifikasi. Berdasarkan analisis data hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa prestasi belajar mahasiswa pendidikan matematika semester IIA tahun akademik 2016/2017 melalui penerapan pembelajaran berbasis multimedia pada mata kuliah perkembangan peserta didik berada pada kategori sangat baik.
Itumeleng Mosala: Giving Theology Its World, Feet and Hands
Authors: Mofokeng Takatso
Published: February 2019

Worthy of celebration is the contribution made by Itumeleng Mosala (hereafter Mosala) to the Black Methodist Consultation, the theological community in Southern Africa, and the Black Consciousness Movement. This article attempts to give theology its world, feet and hands in the person of Mosala. The article departs from the narration of the history of Mosala. It locates Mosala within township life and Old Testament scholarship. Furthermore, the article searches for suitable and effective weapons of intellectual struggle in light of Mosalaâ€™s life. The aim of this article is to celebrate the indelible footprints that Mosala made as he communed with black people.
Accelerated Discovery of High-Refractive-Index Polyimides via First-Principles Molecular Modeling, Virtual High-Throughput Screening, and Data Mining
Authors: Afzal Mohammad Atif Faiz , Haghighatlari Mojtaba , Ganesh Sai Prasad , Cheng Chong , Hachmann Johannes
Published: February 2019

We present a high-throughput computational study to identify novel polyimides (PIs) with exceptional refractive index (RI) values for use as optic or optoelectronic materials. Our study utilizes an RI prediction protocol based on a combination of first-principles and data modeling developed in previous work, which we employ on a large-scale PI candidate library generated with the ChemLG code. We deploy the virtual screening software ChemHTPS to automate the assessment of this extensive pool of PI structures in order to determine the performance potential of each candidate. This rapid and efficient approach yields a number of highly promising leads compounds. Using the data mining and machine learning program package ChemML, we analyze the top candidates with respect to prevalent structural features and feature combinations that distinguish them from less promising ones. In particular, we explore the utility of various strategies that introduce highly polarizable moieties into the PI backbone to increase its RI yield. The derived insights provide a foundation for rational and targeted design that goes beyond traditional trial-and-error searches.
Tip II Diabetes Mellitus’ta Kutanöz Sessiz Periyod
Authors: ÜSTÜN ÖZEK Sibel , KUYUCU YILDIZ Serpil , YILDIZ Nebil
Published: February 2019

Diabetik sensorimotor 
polinöropatide   küçük lif
tutulumunu göstermekte kutanöz sessiz periyodun (KSP) diğer elektrofizyolojik
yöntemlere ve klinik muayeneye bir üstünlük taşıyıp taşımadığı, tutulan liflere
ek olarak A-Delta liflerindeki anormalliği göstermekte ne
düzeyde katkı sağlayacağının araştırılması planlandı. 51 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Tip II'li olgu ve 19 adet normal olgu incelendi. İki alt ve bir üst
ekstremitede motor ve duysal iletiler, Tibial F yanıt, H refleksi ve KSP kaydı
yapıldı. Hasta grubu H refleks latans, tibial ileti hızı, minimal Tibial F
yanıt latansı ve sural sinir duysal yanıt amplitüdlerinde rastlanan anormalliklere
göre normaller A Grubu, iki testinde pozitif sonuç alınanlar B grubu ve üç ya
da dört testte patoloji saptananlar C grubu olarak sınıflandırıldı. Grupların
kendi aralarında ve kontrollerle sonuçları karşılaştırıldı. Sonuç olarak KSP
başlangıç latansının hasta grubunda, özellikle de C grubu kontrollerle
karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak geciktiği tespit edildi (p=0,008). KSP
süresi ve bitiş latansında buna benzer bir değişiklik saptanmadı. Tibial sinir
motor yanıt ileti hızı  kontroller ile B
ve C grubu arasında anlamlı fark vardı (p=0,008 ve p=0,000). B ve C grubunda
Tibial F yanıt latansı sırasıyla 
(p=0,008 ve p=0,000 ) ve  H
refleks latansı da sırasıyla (p=0,002 ve p=0,000) istatistiksel anlamlı uzun
saptandı. Başlangıç latansındaki bu gecikmenin diabette diğer duysal uyarıları
taşıyan liflerle birlikte belirgin A-Delta tutulumunu gösteriyor olabileceğini
düşündürmüştür. Hafif ve orta düzeyde polinöropatisi olanlarda KSP anormalliği
gözlenmezken ciddi polinöropatisi olanlarda KSP başlangıç latansının anlamlı
uzun olduğu görülmüştür.
SOME HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENCE DOUBLE SEQUENCE SPACES DEFINED BY AN ORLICZ FUNCTION
Authors: SARMA Bipul
Published: February 2019

In this article we introduce some kth order difference operator on some double sequences operated by an Orlicz function. We introduce some sequence spaces and study different properties of these spaces like completeness, solidity, symmetricity etc. We establish some inclusion results among them.
DIGITALIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY: A PERSPECTIVE
Authors: TASALTIN Nevin
Published: February 2019

The risky limits of fossil fuel reserves are increasingly increasing the importance of energy in sustainable development. Global energy consumption is expected to increase by 28% by 2040. High economic growth rates of developing countries increase their energy consumption. The changing geographical and economic balances in energy reveal the necessity of producing long-term solutions to the changes in energy markets. Energy policies, green energy and new technologies are emerging as priority issues in the energy market. In the case of predictions, renewable energy will stand out as the fastest growing energy source in the world. The solar energy sector is considered as one of the most important investment in renewable energy resources invested together with government incentives. Intelligent technologies, including the connection of objects to the Internet, storage of big data, cloud computing systems, artificial intelligence (AI) development, virtual reality, and other forms of advanced communication, fundamentally change the operation of businesses and societies. Digitalization of solar energy is an important issue for especially smart cities.
FISTLUA-IN-ANO;
Authors: Zarin Mohammad , Khan Muhammad Asim , Maroof Shah Syed Asad
Published: February 2019

Objectives:To determine the frequency ofhealing in patients with high lying fistlua in ano undergoing video assisted anal fistula treatment.Study Design:Descriptive cross sectional.Setting: Department of General Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Period: One year (1stApril 2014 to 31stMarch 2015). Materials and Methods:Total of 153 patients were observed.Karl Storz Video equipment including MeineroFistuloscope is used. Key steps are visualization of the fistula tract, correct localization of the internal fistula opening under direct vision and endoscopic treatment of the fistula. This is followed by an operative phase of fulguration of the fistula tract with cautery and using glycine solution mixed with manitol, curetting the tract with curette and fistula brush. Internal opening is closed with a Vicryl 1 suture.Results:Our study shows 80% patients were in age range 30-40 years, 17% patients were in age range 41-50 years, 3% patients were in age range 51-60 years. Mean age was 38 years with SD ± 2.03. Seventy seven percent patients were male and 23% patients were female. Seventy percent patients had healing while 30% patients didn’t had healing in the specified duration.Conclusion:The main feature of the VAAFT technique is that the procedure is performed entirely under direct endoluminal vision. Moreover, fistuloscopy helps to identify any possible secondary tracts or chronic abscesses. The VAAFT technique is sphincter-saving, and the surgical wounds are extremely small. Our preliminary results are very promising.
ADNEXAL MASSES;
Authors: Sultana Nasira , Nasrullah Faran , Hameedi Shahlisa
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, in the differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses. Study Design: A prospective comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging (AFIRI), Rawalpindi from 16 Jun 2015 to 15Jun 2016. Methodology: 61 female patients with adnexal masses, irrespective of age, were evaluated with transabdominal ultrasonography and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This was followed by surgery (either laporotomy or laproscopy) or ultrasound guided biopsy and then histopathology to characterize them as benign or malignant masses. Results: Diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced MRI for characterization of adnexal masses was 90.1%, while that of transabdominal ultrasonography was 72.1 %. Sensitivity and specificity of transabdominal ultrasonography was 100 % and 54 % respectively while positive predictive value was 58.5 % and negative predictive value was 100 %. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI was 95.8 % and 86.4 % respectively while positive predictive value was 82.1% while negative predictive value was 96.9 %. Conclusion: Contrast enhanced MRI has a superior diagnostic accuracy as compared to transabdominal ultrasonography in the characterization of adnexal masses into benign and malignant, which influences the mode of treatment and clinical outcome.
DERMAL PAPILLAE;
Authors: Baqar Ayesha
Published: February 2019

Introduction: To study and compare the changes in the height of dermal papillae in the skin of different age groups in a segment of Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period: Five months, from July 2010 to November 2010. Setting: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Materials & Method: Sixty volunteers of both sexes, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria, participated in this cross sectional study. They all gave written informed consent. They were divided into three equal groups according to their ages, Group A ranged in age from 18 – 29 years, Group B from 30 – 49 years, and Group C > 50 years. Punch biopsies were taken from the sun protected upper arm skin, from all volunteers, after giving local anaesthesia. Samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. They were observed under light microscope. Height of dermal papillae was measured at three random sites in each sample and mean was taken.The mean of all three groups was compared with each other and data was analyzed. Results: The mean of each sample was taken and then final mean of each group was calculated. They were then compared with each other. The mean height of dermal papillae of group A was 98.667µm, that of group B was 83.333µm and the mean height of dermal papillae in group C was 47.33µm. There was significant difference between the three groups and ‘p’-value was less than 0.5. Conclusion: At the end of this study, it was concluded that, the height of dermal papillae reduces significantly with age.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS;
Authors: Kiran Khadija , Jamil Uzma , Sobhi Amtul Huda , Bhatti Zuhair
Published: February 2019

Objectives: Objective of our study is to measure the concentration and role of Malondialdehydein determining the oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison with healthy individuals. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of physiology Gujranwala Medical College and Shalamar Medical College, Lahore. Period: From October 2016 to October 2017. Methodology: 180 patients of age 49 to 70 years of either gender. The approval for conducting experimental study was taken from ethical committee and consent information was taken from the patient on prescribed Performa. Data was analyzed on SPSS Version 23 related to study. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation like age and serum MDA concentration. Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages like gender. Post operative chi square test was applied and p- value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Total 180 person (n=180) of either genderwere included in this study. The study group was divided into two equal groups. Group A (RA group) consists of 90 patients (n=90) based on clinically and laboratory based criteria while group B (control group) consists of 90 (n=90) normal healthy individuals. The serum MDA levels in the RA patients were 3.97±1.03 nmoles/ml and it was 1.59±0.32 n moles/ml in control patients. The difference was statistically significant (t=20.87, p=0.001). Conclusion: The observations of our study showed statistically significant raised serum Malondialdehyde level as compared to control group which shows that raised serum MDA is an indicator of oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
NIFEDIPINEON;
Authors: Hamid Sidra , Aziz Qaiser , Jamil Aneela , Meraj Lubna , Muazam Shazia , Naseer Omera
Published: February 2019

Background: The most potent and effective drugs used for the management of blood pressure in hypertensive patients are Calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Nifedipine, a CCB, acts by blocking entry of calcium ions all the way through the voltage gated calcium channels (VGCCs) of L-type present in the smooth muscle cells of blood vesselsand reducing the blood pressure by decreasing the peripheral vascular resistance. Objectives: The study objective was to determine the effect of nifedipine on serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and serum testosterone in male Sprague Dawley rats. Study Design: Animal experimental study. Setting: All experiments were conducted at the Research laboratory of Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad along with National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad. Period: October, 2012 to April, 2014. Methods: The study was done on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (N= 60) aged 90-120 days old and their body weights varied between 200 + 50 grams. Rats were divided intotwo groups (n=30). Group A was administered0.5 ml distilled water/rat daily orally, group B was administered orally with nifedipine 50 mg/kg/rat dissolved in 1ml of DMSO. All the doses were given to rats for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, serum luteinizing hormone and serum testosterone were measured in both groups. Results: In Nifedipine treated group, serum testosterone was significantly decreasedand serum LH was unaffected as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Nifedipine has adverse effects on male fertility as it decreases serum testosterone level.
LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY;
Authors: Younis Muhammad Umar , Sarwar Muhammad Zeeshan , Saad Sanad
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Appendicitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix and is considered to be the most common emergency encountered in surgical practice. Compared with the open technique for appendectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy has less operative time, hospital stay and rate of complications and has been deemed as a safe and feasible procedure for the treatment of acute appendicitis. The use of endoclips for stump closure has been described to be comparable to other existing techniques with regards to clinical outcomes. However, controversies exist in literature regarding operative time with endoclip application. Objectives: To assess mean operative time for laparoscopic appendectomy using specially designed Double Shanked (DS) endoclips and assessing advantages in the form of better cosmesis, less pain. Study Design: Cross sectional exploratory study using non-probability sampling technique. Setting: West Surgical Ward of Mayo Hospital Lahore. Period: Period of 9 months from April 2014 through to December 2014. Materials and Methods: 120 successive patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Clinical data with respect to their demographic profile (age and sex) were recorded. Laparoscopic Appendectomy was performed or supervised by one consultant. Quantitative variables such as age and operative time was analyzed and mean and standard deviation were calculated. Results: Our study results showed the mean age of the patients to be 25.84±8.09 years. There were 63.3% males whereas 36.7% were females. The mean operative time of the patients was noted to be 0.99±0.39 hours. Conclusions: The study results lend credence to the fact that Laparoscopic Appendectomy with endoclips is a safe, effective technique and has an admissible short operative time which when combined with better cosmesis, lesser pain and faster recovery, give it validity and acceptability. Our results generated for the local population will influence our management strategy for acute appendicitis in our set up.
ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS;
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Hafeez , Ahmed Shaheen , Siddique Sadia , Iqbal Noureen , Umer Hasan Syed Mohd. , Abbas Zaidi Syed Jaffar , Ali Anwar
Published: February 2019

Objectives: Oral Submucous Fibrosis is a chronic, high risk, debilitating, pre-cancerous oral condition that is prevalent in Southeast Asian consumers of areca nut. This study was conducted to determine regarding gender specificity with relation to stages of OSF and medical & surgical treatment modalities. Setting: OSF patients treated at Oral Surgery clinics of Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences. Period: From January 2016 to November 2017. Design of Study: Cross-sectional Hospital based study. Materials & Methods: Patients were divided into four groups based on their clinical presentations according to Khanna JN and Andrade NN classification. Two groups were divided based on treatment modalities. First group comprised of patients treated conservatively with medications and physiotherapy while the second group comprised of patients treated surgically. Results: Out of 225 patients treated with OSF, 88% of them were males while 12% were females with male to female ratio of 7:1. As per Khanna & Andrade classification, 9.7% belonged to group II, while 34.6% belonged to III and 55.5% of OSF patients belonged to IV-A. 56.8% of patients were treated conservatively while 43.1% were treated surgically. In the group of patients treated surgically, majority 84.6% of patients were treated with buccal fat pad while only 15.4% has nasolabial flap surgery performed. Conclusion: Statistical significant difference male preponderance in OSF disease severity was observed as compared to women in this sample of Pakistani population reporting to tertiary care hospital. A holistic approach should be undertaken with public health policies in place to discourage the use of areca nut products with or without tobacco and lower the burden of OSF in the general population.
GUILLIAN BARRE SYNDROME;
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Bullo Naeemullah , Kumar Dileep , Kumar Suneel , Afzal Munir , - Vikash
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To determine the frequency of various clinical features of Guillian Barre Syndrome in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive study. Period: July 2015 to December 2015. Setting: Tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. Material & Methods: Seventy five diagnosed case of GBS who fulfill the inclusion criteria irrespective of gender included in the study after informed consent. Data was collected on preformed proforma. Detailed history, physical examination was done on each patient, diagnosis was confirmed on NCV & EMGs.  Data analysis procedure was done with the help of SPSS version 16. Mean±SD was calculated for age of the patient and duration of clinical features. Frequency and percentages were calculated for different clinical features. Stratification was done with respect to age, gender and duration of clinical features to control effect modifiers in the study. Results: Mean age was 43.96±14.22 (ranging from 15 to 70) years, among 75 patients 51(68%) were male & 24(32%) were female, majority of patients (34) were >50 years of age, 45.3% of patients had pain in extremities; pain in back was reported by 49.3%. Dysphagia in 80%, Ophthalmoplegia in 20% and Dysarthria in 16% of patients Respiratory failure was prevalent in 34.7% patients. Sinus tachycardia occurred in 49.3%, Sinus bradycardia 14.7% patients and 20% patients had urinary dysfunction. Constipation was also a predominant feature affecting 80% of patients. Conclusion: We found that GBS occurred at all ages and was more common in males. There are various clinical features of GBS along with flaccid limbs weakness clinical features observed & these should be address promptly for better outcome.
DIABETES MELLITUS;
Authors: Ahmad Ajaz , Hussain Aftab , Raza Baig Mirza Ahmad , Akram Arain Sadaf
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To determine the frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presented in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Descriptive observational study. Setting: Cardiac Center at Hail Region, Saudi Arabia. Period: October-2016 to September-2017. Methods: One hundred (100) patients of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI and Non-STEMI) presented. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels more than 126 mg/dl on two consecutive samples was diagnosed as diabetes mellitus. Patients taking anti-diabetic medications were diagnosed as known cases of diabetes. All the patients records were entered in SPSS v17 for analysis. Prevalence of newly diagnosed and known diabetic patients were presented as frequency and percentage. Results: Mean age of acute MI patients was 51.65+8.23 years. There were 82% male and only 18% female patients with male/female ratio of 4.5/1. There were 74% patients who presented with acute STEMI and remaining 26% patients presented with non-STEMI. Hypertension was present in 43% patients and smoking in 36% patients. There were 32% patients who were previously having diabetes mellitus and diabetes was diagnosed for the first time in 12% patients. Remaining 56% patients were free from diabetes. Conclusion: Prevalence of undiagnosed DM is very common in patients of AMI. Immediate diagnosis should be done in acute MI patients without previous history of DM.
INCREASED HOSPITAL STAY;
Authors: Memon Amir
Published: February 2019

Objectives: This study aims to scientifically fill the gap and provide the scientific data regarding risk factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay (PLOS) in children admitted at Isra University Hospital. Study Design: Descriptive case series study. Setting: Pediatric ward of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Period: 22 months from February 2016 till November 2017. Material and Methods: All the children having age ≥ one year and less than 10 years hospitalized due to any cause of either gender were enrolled under this study. A proforma was designed comprising of basic demographic variables like age and gender and relevant questions like cause of hospitalization, risk factors associated with PLOS, and duration of hospital stay. All the information was noted in proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: In present study we collected data of 188 children. In group A (age >1 to 5 years) there were 109 children consisted of 57.97% and remaining group B (age >6 years to 10 years) there were 79 children consisted of 42.02%. The overall mean duration of hospital stay with SD was 12.21 ± 3.14. The mean age and SD of group A was 2.33 ± 1.09 years and group B was 7.01 ± 2.39 years. Children with Group A (age ≥1 year to 5 years), Females, late seeking of medical attention, children not responding on medical treatment, and those who get infected during hospitalization were significantly associated with prolonged length of hospital stay (p <0.05). Conclusion: Younger children with age less than 5 years having female predominance and delayed seeking of medical attention were the most significant risk factors associated with PLOS in our population.
ACNE;
Authors: Luqman Naima , Hassan Summaira , Maqsood Niaz , Akhunzada Wajid Ali
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To determine the impact of acne on the quality of life of the patients. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place & Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital & Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur April, 2017 to June, 2017. Subjects & Methods: The sample consisted of 50 out-patients (41 Females, 9 Males) with Acne. They were interviewed and results were analysed from the entries in a Performa. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was administered as outcome measure. Results: Among 50 patients, there were 41(82%) were female, 27(54%) were 21-25 years age group, 44(88%) belonged to urban area, 28(56%) single and 25(50%) students. In assessing the quality of life, 34(68%) patients had extremely large impact on their quality of life after Acne. Conclusions: We concluded that acne had an extremely large impact on quality of life of majority of patients. Management of acne must include the impact of acne on the patient's quality of life.
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF KIDNEY;
Authors: Shaheen Robina , Jamil Muhammad Nasir , - Aminullah
Published: February 2019

Background: In the era of changing trends in favour of laparoscopic andminimally invasive surgery, a better understanding of renal veins is of paramount importance. Although various classifications of renal veins have been proposed,none is without shortcomings. We investigated the drainage pattern of renal veins in cadavers and aim to address the shortcomings in previous classifications by proposing a new classification of renal veins. Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Setting: Embalmed cadavers or autopsy cases in anatomy and forensic departments of various medical colleges of Lahore (Fatima Jinnah, King Edwards, Allama Iqbal). Period: One year from Feb2008 to Jan2009. Methods: The kidneys and inferior vena cava were well exposed incases with well-preserved renal vessels and kidneys. A mixture of gelatin and Indian ink were injected into inferior vena cava which in turn filled renal veins. Renal vein patterns were studied. We report frequencies in the proposed renal vein groups and subgroups. Results: A total of 50 pairs of kidneys were studied (50 right, 50 left). The renal veins were classified into five groups (A-E) depending on number and arrangement of primary tributaries that formed renal vein.All groups were further divided into three sub groups (1, 2 and 3) depending on whether or not an additional renal vein or any other variant pattern existed, except group E. Subgroup1 represented normal renal vein across all groups. Groups A, B, C consisted of renal veins formed by union of 2, 3, 4 primary tributaries respectively, all from anterior aspect. Group D consisted of renal veins where a posterior primary tributary existed. While group E included renal veins formed by any other number or pattern of primary tributaries. Group A was the most frequent type overall (40%), more common on the right side (56% vs 24%). Group B was the most frequentgroup on the left side (38%). The least frequent group was group E with equal frequency on both sides (6%), closely preceded by group D, which was more frequent on the left side (12% vs 2%). The only statistically significant difference in relation to major groups between right and left kidneys was in group A (56% vs 24% respectively; P=0.001). Conclusion: We proposed a comprehensive classification of renal veins taking into account their variant and anomalous patterns and tributaries not previously considered by other classifications.Future studies in diverse populations with bigger sample are warranted to investigate some of the patterns not observed in this study.