bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Economic Cost of Secondary Level Education in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Baikuntha
Published: March 2023

Investing on educations seeks a large span of time to get its return. Investment on education is the prime factor for transformation of a society. Educational cost is a measure of what a student, an institution of learning, or the public must give up educating an individual or a group of people. The opportunity cost represents the sacrifice of alternative opportunities to use the resource, either for present consumption or for some other forms of investment. The educational system uses up other resources which have alternative uses, even though these are not reflected in normal expenditure on education. The most obvious example of the opportunity cost is the time of students, who deprive the labour market of their services by choosing to continue their education. This represents a loss of current output for the economy, as well as a loss of earnings for the individual. There are, of course, considerable problems involved in measuring the opportunity cost of students. It is also worth emphasizing that estimates of opportunity costs make sense only within a given institutional framework. The concept of opportunity cost and the technique of cost-benefit analysis are not, however, applicable to situations where a total change in the entire educational or economic structure is contemplated. Better educated population relates to lower expenditures in other public sectors: e.g., better educated people tend to use health system less often since they would possess more information and knowledge on sickness prevention, if faced with unemployment they tend to stay unemployed for shorter periods of time thus relying less on welfare support etc. Per unit cost been assessed NRs 30,000/-which comprises unit cost+ average drop-out cost+ direct cost of guardians.Opportunity cost is assessed NRs.58,333/-and total education cost is assessed NRs 88,333/- i.e., $803. The net return from education must exceed NRs 88,333/-.
Impact of Gender Responsive Budget on Local Development in Nepal
Authors: Sijapati Dipendra Bikram
Published: March 2023

This article based on Gender responsive aims at raising awareness of the gendered impacts of local development budget and to make governments accountable for ensuring gender equality and women’s rights. This paper to explore the gender response budget in local level government and examines the gender development issues at the local level. The descriptive and analytical technique are used to explain the gender sensitivity of policies, planning and programming, and budgeting process of the selected two districts in five different local government in Nepal. The results clearly show that merely preparing GRB and strategies does not solve the problem of inequality. Therefore, translating gender mainstreaming into actual action requires a re-examination of the policies, programs and planning/budgeting process from the gender perspectives. Due to the lack of gender needs before planning and allocating gender budgets, the implementation of the Gender friendly budget is fully depends on the service provider’s strength, interest in skill development, and capacity building to implement the local development programs.
Social Status of Women Working in the Handicraft Industry
Authors: Pokharel Ram Raj
Published: March 2023

The labors are the backbone of the industry. The study revealed that the majority of the handicraft working women in Patan industrial Area. This study is based on handicraft industries located on Lalitpur district. The women labors in Handicraft industry, had lack of knowledge, training, education and skill for prestigious job. They are far away from the knowledge of economic rights, women rights and other rights of labors. Some of them were even harassed and abused. Primary as well as secondary data were used in order to explore the status of handicraft working women labors. Out of 112 different industries only 8 handicraft industries were selected. Sample sizes of total 40 women were selected from 8 industries. Therefore total number of sampled workers was 40. There were no special changing rooms or facilities for women workers. The workers had no conscious about labor law but owners had all the ideas to exploit in different aspects. Although there were lots of difficulties for the female workers in Patan industrial estate, handicraft working women were still happy and hopeful that their children will go to school and do a better job in future. They spent some hardly saved money for entertainment, buying new clothes and feasting some days. They faced lots of problem in their day to day life for living. They are struggling for uplifting their social and economic status.
Causes of Female Labor Migration in Nepal
Authors: Yadav Shiva Kumar
Published: March 2023

This is related with female labor migration in Sindhupalchowk District in Nepal. Foreign labor migration is a global phenomenon that dates back to the time when payment in return for labor was first introduced. There is no country in the world where foreign labor migration has not occurred. However, economic globalization has speeded up the process way beyond its normal pace. Fast economic growth and slow economic development made people in poorer countries migrate for a better life. While previously only men used to migrate in search of employment, recently, women are leaving for foreign employment as well. Such migration for employment has added value to the national income of the country in the form of remittance. Most of the developing countries are thriving on remittance. Labor exportation has been an important solution for internal unemployment for developing countries. It is a major source of foreign exchange. Therefore, countries like the Philippines and Indonesia have integrated labor export as part of their development strategies. In case of Nepal, remittance helped sustain the economy throughout the conflict period and it continues to be so. Nepal has adopted an open policy towards foreign labor migration. Currently, there are 108 countries approved by the Nepal government for foreign labor migration. The paper was prepared on the basis of 40 households.
Fuzzy Topological Spaces: A Mathematical Tool for Studying Uncertainty and Vagueness
Authors: Shah Yogendra Prasad
Published: March 2023

Fuzzy topological spaces are a type of mathematical structure that is used to study the behavior of systems that are not completely defined or certain. This type of space allows for the representation of uncertainty and vagueness within a system, and has been applied in various fields including computer science, engineering, and economics. This paper will provide an overview of fuzzy topological spaces and their applications in these fields.
‘सिम्मा’ नाटकमा प्रगतिवादी चेतना {Progressive chain in the play "Simma"}
Authors: ढुङ्गाना Dhungana शोभाकुमारी Shobhakumari
Published: March 2023

Available with fulltext.
MUHASEBECİLERİN VERGİ AHLAKININ VE VERGİ UYUMUNUN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: AKTAŞ GÜZEL Sonnur , ÖZER Gökhan
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, vergi sistemine yönelik tutum, vergi ahlakı, vergi adalet algısı, hükümete duyulan güven, öznel norm ve dindarlık değişkenlerinin vergi uyumu davranışı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek amacıyla Türkiye’de bağımsız olarak faaliyet gösteren 392 muhasebe meslek mensubu örneklem olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu örneklemden elde edilen veriler, korelasyon, faktör ve regresyon analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgular; (1) öznel norm, vergi ahlakı ve vergi sistemine yönelik tutumun vergi uyumu üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahipken, hükümete duyulan güven, vergi adalet algısı ve dindarlığın vergi uyumu üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı, (2) hükümete duyulan güven, vergi adalet algısı ve vergi ahlakının vergi sistemine yönelik tutum üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye, buna karşın öznel normun istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve negatif bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve dindarlığın ise vergi sistemine yönelik tutum üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığı ve (3) son olarak hükümete duyulan güven ve öznel normun, vergi ahlakı üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahipken, vergi adalet algısı ve dindarlığın ise istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığını göstermektedir.
Surprising Long Term Survival in Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Cannabidiol
Authors: Nahler Gerhard , Likar Rudolf , Nahler Gerhard
Published: March 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most deadly tumors; even with aggressive radiochemotherapy, mean survival rates are only around 14 to 16 months post diagnose. Here we present the follow-up of 15 patients with GBM that have received concomitant cannabidiol (CBD) in addition to standard therapy, and that have been reported in details two years ago.
The survival time of patients is presented together with prognostic factors such as age at diagnose, molecular markers and dose of CBD.
The actual median survival time is 28 months, the arithmetic mean is 30.9 months, therefore about three to five times longer than expected. When comparing the group of patients surviving less than 28 months with those who lived longer, we found that all subjects who received a low dose of CBD (200mg per day) were in the group surviving less than 28 months. Apart from the daily dose of CBD, no striking difference was observed for other prognostic factors.
It is concluded that CBD contributed to the long term survival of GBM patients, and that this effect depends on the dose.
Preoperative three-dimensional multifusion imaging aiding successful microvascular decompression of a cerebellopontine angle lipoma: associated hemifacial spasm. Illustrative case
Authors: Seto Hiroki , Ogura Ryosuke , Hiraishi Tetsuya , Tsukamoto Yoshihiro , Saito Taiki , Shibuma Satoshi , Shibuya Kohei , Okamoto Kouichirou , Oishi Makoto , Fujii Yukihiko
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lipoma–associated hemifacial spasm (HFS) is rare. As the removal of CPA lipomas has a high risk of worsening the neurological symptoms, surgical exploration is warranted only in selected patients. Preoperative identification of the lipoma affected site of the facial nerve, and offending artery are crucial for patient selection and successful microvascular decompression (MVD).

OBSERVATIONS

Presurgical simulation using three-dimensional (3D) multifusion imaging showed a tiny CPA lipoma wedged between the facial and auditory nerves, as well as an affected facial nerve by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) at the cisternal segment. Although a recurrent perforating artery from the AICA anchored the AICA to the lipoma, successful MVD was achieved without lipoma removal.

LESSONS

The presurgical simulation using 3D multifusion imaging could identify the CPA lipoma, affected site of the facial nerve, and offending artery. It was helpful for patient selection and successful MVD.
Public Witness of the Church. Inspiration of Benedict XVI
Authors: Łużyński Wiesław
Published: March 2023

Benedict XVI is a prominent theologian and an insightful observer of social life. One of the topics to which he devotes a great deal of attention is the presence of Christianity and the Church in the public sphere. The title of this article refers to a speech made by the pope during the ad lamina visit of the bishops of the United States, in which he explicitly states that “the Church’s witness is of its nature public.”1 This article aims to answer the question: What role do the Church and Christianity play in the public sphere? This is a very topical issue that is worth exploring more thoroughly. Particularly inspiring here is the teaching of Benedict XVI, who presents the topic in an interesting and original way. The descriptive analytical method was used in the preparation of the text. The following detailed issues will be submitted in the presentation of the topic: characterization of the public sphere, the place of the Church in this sphere, and the inspiring character of Christianity in the culture of nations that remain in an invigorating dialogue with Christianity and the Church. This article intends to shed light on the inalienability of Christianity in the socio-political culture of the West.
Reinterpretacja prymatu biskupa Rzymu w kontekście współczesnej debaty o synodalności
Authors: Krupka Aneta
Published: March 2023

Artykuł podejmuje temat reinterpretacji rozumienia prymatu biskupa Rzymu w kontekście współczesnej debaty o synodalności. Po pierwsze, wskazano na wybrane historyczne argumenty przemawiające za ściśle eklezjalną interpretacją prymatu. Po drugie, omówiono prymacjalną teologię Vaticanum I. Po trzecie, opisano recepcję definicji prymatu i nieomylności papieża, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pojęcia kolegialności. Na końcu wykazano, w jaki sposób współczesna debata o synodalności jest konkretnym wyzwaniem dla rozumienia prymatu. Analiza źródeł historycznych oraz Magisterium Kościoła skłania do wniosku, że synodalność Kościoła domaga się także bardziej eklezjalnego widzenia prymatu. Rola biskupa Rzymu może być właściwie zrozumiała jedynie z uwzględnieniem jego głębokiego kościelnego zakorzenienia jako sługi jedności Kościoła. Współczesne dokumenty Kościoła wyrażają to przede wszystkim poprzez powiązane widzenie trzech rzeczywistości: prymatu (biskupa Rzymu), kolegialności (biskupów) oraz synodalności (Ludu Bożego).
Synody według świadectw św. Augustyna – rozumienie ich roli i znaczenia w Kościele afrykańskim
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Sylwester
Published: March 2023

Spojrzenie na Kościół Afryki przełomu IV i V wieku przez pryzmat instytucji synodu pozwala dobrze uwydatnić nie tylko jego kondycję, ale i żywotność. Szczególnie cenne w tym względzie jest świadectwo św. Augustyna, biskupa Hippony. Jego eklezjologii zawdzięczamy ważny rozdział nauki o synodach na chrześcijańskim Zachodzie, która była mocno osadzona w dwu węzłowych problemach: schizmie donatystycznej i herezji pelagianizmu. Augustyn, mówiąc o synodach, posługuje się kilkadziesiąt razy terminem synodus i aż kilkaset razy terminem concilium. Termin ten rozumie zasadniczo jako zebranie, zgromadzenie w jedno (in unum congregare) biskupów (coetus episcoporum). Czasami na zgromadzeniach tych byli obecni kapłani i diakoni. W swojej nauce o synodach biskup Hippony podejmuje wiele ważnych kwestii: powagi, autorytetu (auctoritas) synodów; stojących przed nimi zadań, zwłaszcza w kontekście prawowierności nauki i zasad życia Kościoła; kolegialności biskupów; roszczeń Kościoła Afryki do autonomii. Synody, nie ciesząc się taką powagą jak Pismo Święte czy sięgające tradycji apostolskiej zwyczaje obecne w Kościele, odgrywały jednak w jego życiu niezastąpioną rolę, gdyż ich zdecydowane i wiążące postanowienia (constitutionis, gesta concilii) wzmocniły nie tylko jego powagę, ale uczyniły go także na arenie Kościoła powszechnego Kościołem wiodącym.
Janusz Lemański, Narodziny Izraela. Szkice historyczno-biblijne (Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Rozprawy i Studia 1203; Szczecin: Wydawnictwo Naukowe US 2021)
Authors: Niesiolowski-Spanò Łukasz
Published: March 2023

Recenzja książki: Janusz Lemański, Narodziny Izraela. Szkice historyczno-biblijne (Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Rozprawy i Studia, t. 1203; Szczecin: Wydawnictwo Naukowe US 2021). Ss. 348; ISBN: 978-83-7972-460-4.
Spiritual Songs of Grigor Narekatsi. Evolution of the Genre
Authors: Зулумян Б.С.
Published: March 2023

Статья посвящена духовным песнопениям Григора Нарекаци, широко известного как автора шедевра армянской и мировой литературы «Книги скорбных песнопений». Показано значение песен и в плане содержания, и в аспекте художественности в эволюции жанра и в истории армянской литературы. Нарекаци ввёл в активное церковное употребление таги - народные песни. Продолжая евангельскую тематику шараканов, в своих произведениях применил широкий спектр средств художественной выразительности: эпитеты, сравнения метафоры, расширил семантическое поле стиха картинами и аналогиями с природой, включал земной мир в космическую перспективу. Произведения отличаются детальным, портретным описанием («Песнь на Рождество», «Песнь Богоматери» и др.), до него не встречающимся в поэтике шараканов.

The article is devoted to the sacred chants of Grigor Narekatsi, widely known as the author of the masterpiece of Armenian and world literature «The Book of Sorrowful Chants». The signi cance of the songs is shown both in terms of content and in the aspect of artistry in the evolution of the genre and in the history of Armenian literature. Narekatsi introduced tagi, folk songs, into active church use. Continuing the gospel theme of sharakans, in his works he used a wide range of means of artistic expression: epithets, comparisons of metaphors, expanded the semantic eld of verse with paintings and analogies with nature, spiritual included the earthly world in a cosmic perspective. The works are distinguished by detailed, portrait descriptions («Song for Christmas», «Song of the Mother of God», etc.), which had not been found in the poetics of sharakans before him.
Disciples of the Patriarch of Antioch Joakim IV ibn Ǧuma (1543–1576)
Authors: Панченко К.А.
Published: March 2023

Церковная история Православного Востока в огромной степени определялась родовыми и земляческими связями. В статье рассматриваются персоналии из окружения Антиохийского патриарха Иоакима IV ибн Джумы (1543-1576) и через призму происхождения этих людей делается попытка определить его связи с региональными элитами сиро-ливанских христиан. Особое внимание уделяется реконструкции деятельности Мусы из Мармариты, ученика патриарха и одного из самых активных книжников Антиохийской Церкви XVI в. Многие приближенные патриарха происходили из регионов Триполи и альХусн, территорий, которые в 80-е гг. XVI в. станут очагом культурного подъема православных арабов, известного как «Мелькитский проторенессанс». Круг учеников Иоакима ибн Джумы свидетельствует, что выдвижение североливанских христианских элит на лидирующие роли в Антиохийском Патриархате началось по меньшей мере за поколение до «Мелькитского проторенессанса».

A church history of the Christian Orient has been seriously determined by tribal and local ties. The paper analyzes personalities and origin of close con dents of Patriarch of Antioch Joakim IV ibn Ǧuma (1543-1576). According to this data an attempt was made to reconstruct ties between the Patriarch and local Christian elites of various regions of Syria. The main attention was devoted to an activity of Musa from Marmarita, the disciple of the Patriarch and one of the most active intellectuals of the Church of Antioch of the 16th century. Many persons from the suit of the Patriarch originated from regions of Tripoli and Al-Husn, which later became a hearth of cultural revival of the Orthodox Arabs of the late 16th century (the «Melkite Proto-Renaissance»). The circle of the disciples of Joakim IV ibn Ǧuma demonstrates that the rise of Christian elites of Northern Lebanon and al-Husn and their predominance in the Church of Antioch began at least one generation before the «Melkite Proto-Renaissance».
Origen's Influence on Western Christian Tradition
Authors: Ткачёв Е.В.
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматриваются основные направления влияния Оригена на латинскую христианскую традицию IV-XV вв., богословов и мыслителей эпохи Возрождения, Реформации и Нового времени. При рассмотрении каждого периода в виде краткого обзора выявляется круг ключевых авторов и текстов, испытавших влияние Оригена в экзегетике, богословии и мистике; сопоставляются проявления двух тенденций: симпатизирующей Оригену и критикующей его неортодоксальные взгляды. Основное внимание уделяется определению путей проникновения сочинений и идей Оригена на Запад, а также генетической преемственности западноевропейской оригенистской традиции вплоть до начала XIX в.

The article discusses the main directions of Origen's in uence on the Latin Christian tradition of the 4th-15th centuries, on the theologians and philosophers of the Renaissance, Reformation and Modern Ages. In considering each period in the form of a brief overview, is revealed a circle of key authors and texts that has experienced the in uence of Origen in exegesis, theology and mysticism; the manifestations of two tendencies are compared: one that sympathizes with Origen and one that criticizes his unorthodox views. The main attention is paid to determining the ways in which Origen's writings and ideas penetrated the West, as well as the genetic continuity of the Western European Origenist tradition up to the beginning of the 19th century.
Idila i rascjep –
poetološki tekstovi Ive Kalinskog o dječjem kajkavskom pjesništvu 1992. - 2003.
Authors: Beck Boris
Published: March 2023

Tema ovog rada je analiza niza od devet tekstova Ive Kalinskog posvećena Smotri dječjega kajkavskoga pjesništva Dragutin Domjanić koja se održava u Svetom Ivanu Zelini, a članci su pisani susljedno iz godine u godinu od 1992. do 2003. te objavljeni u knjizi „Anatomija kmice ili Umjetnina teksta – zanos i tjeskoba“ (2004.). Riječ je o poetološkim zapisima u kojima Kalinski iznosi razna zapažanja o dječjim pjesničkim tekstovima iz kojih će se izlučiti njegova polazišta kako bi se dobio uvid u njegovu deskripciju i preskripciju poezije osnovnoškolaca. Kao što znanstvena literatura i predviđa, većina pjesama tematizira najužu okolinu djece, od obitelji, kuće i dvorišta, preko krajolika, flore i faune zavičaja, do otvaranja tema rada i prolaznosti. Na taj se način zavičajnost očituje kao sržni topos dječje poezije, značajna zbog konstituiranja njihova identiteta, a pretjerano prisutna zbog njihova kratkog i suženog životnog iskustva. No dok znanstvena literatura dječje tematiziranje zavičaja ne propituje s estetskih stajališta, Kalinski progovara i o neizbježnoj klišejiziranosti i recikliranju ustaljenih pjesničkih oblika u dijelu dječjega korpusa. Nadalje, iako drugi istraživači dječje poezije ne vide da bi izvan obzora zavičajnosti, bilo u sadržajnom, bilo u formalnom pogledu, moglo biti nekih iskoraka, Kalinski i tu izaziva uvriježeni pristup. Naime, na nizu primjera ukazuje na inovativnost tema (socijalnih, emocionalnih, duhovnih) te na originalne pjesničke postupke, kako u kompoziciji, tako i u leksiku koji odstupa od tradicionalnog rekvizitarija. Kalinski tako argumentira da se u uspjelijim pjesmama očituje raskol i u pjesničkom subjektu i u umjetninama, koji odvodi pjesničko stvaralaštvo mladih u smjeru misaonosti, a ukazuje na postmoderni senzibilitet. Zaključno, Kalinski daje u svojim tekstovima koherentnu i dosljednu poetiku kajkavskog dječjeg pjesništva koje je utemeljeno u zavičajnosti, ali se kod osviještenih autora uspijeva uspostaviti emocionalna veza između izraza i sadržaja, čime nastaju autentični tekstovi koji silaze s utabanih putova te afirmiraju autentični dječji glas kao pjesnički i idejni novum.
Prodeštva Ivana Muliha – propovijedi skromnog ornatusa
Authors: Pajur Franjo
Published: March 2023

Prodeštva patra Ivana Muliha, črnomeljskog Hrvata, isusovačkog redovnika i nakon ukinuća reda „slavne zagrebačke biškupije mašnika i zasad mišionara apoštolskog“, izdana su koncem 18. stoljeća u dva dijela. U navedenim propovijedima Ivan Mulih većinom izostavlja najtipičnije barokne figure poput raznovrsnih gomilanja, kako nekontrastnih, tako i kontrastnih (antitetičnih) i alegorije te se iz ove činjenice može zaključiti, da su barokni stilski postupci uistinu samo „oaze esteticizma“ u njegovu djelu odnosno da je barok u njemu doista samo „rubna pojava“. Isto tako, Mulihove pelde su atipični exempli, jer ne odgovaraju Quintilijanovoj odredbi: „res gestae aut ut gestae utilis ad persuadendum id quod intenderis commemoratio“, tj. sadrže vanjski izvor sadržaja (Biblija), utilitarnu funkciju (pouka, koncizno izražena u biblijskoj sentenciji) ali ne i literarnu formu (commemoratio, minimalna narativna forma ili Jollesov „jednostavni oblik“), te na taj način odudaraju od tipičnih baroknih exempla. Naime, upravo je književna kvaliteta barokne propovijedi odnosno njen barokni stil proizlazio velikim dijelom iz obilja i koloritne raskoši njenih exempla. Prodeštva patra Muliha, međutim, reduciraju ovo obilje i koloritnu raskoš na prepričavanje primjera iz Sv. pisma (češće) i zbirki primjera (rjeđe), koji s retoričkog stajališta odgovaraju onom applicatio (prispodoba), no s književnoumjetničkog aspekta nezanimljivi su. Zlatno doba kajkavske barokne propovjedne književnosti započeto u drugoj polovici 17. stoljeća djelima isusovca Jurja Habdelića („Zerczalo Marianzko“, 1662. i „Pervi otcza nassega Adama greh“, 1674.) svoju je kulminaciju doseglo u prvoj polovici 18. stoljeća „Hranom duhovnom“, opsežnim petosveščanim djelom kapucina Štefana Zagrepca (građanskim imenom Matija Marković) i Ivan se Mulih javlja tek kao blijedi odjek tih „zlatnih baroknih vremena“, prije svega zbog odsuća bogata baroknog ornatusa u njegovim propovijedima. Ono što ga na neki način eskulpira dvije su objektivne okolnosti: ukinuće isusovačkog reda (1773.), kao glavnog nositelja crkvenog baroka te neizvjestan osobni status tog bivšeg isusovca.
Determination of possible microRNA-markers of cobalt abuse by real-time qPCR using hypoxia signaling pathway panels
Authors: Postnikov P. V. , Radus F. V. , Efimova Yu. A. , Pronina I. V.
Published: March 2023

Objectives. Cobalt mimics the state of hypoxia to prevent degradation of the alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor, resulting in an increase in blood oxygen capacity and endurance. Athletes can use this property to gain competitive advantage. Nowadays, direct methods of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry are used to determine total cobalt levels in the body. However, the World Anti-Doping Agency is yet to establish a maximum allowable threshold concentration of this element in biofluids. The lack of clear identification criteria complicates the interpretation of the obtained results for the purposes of doping control. In this regard, the present work proposes a new approach for the indirect determination of possible cobalt abuse based on changes in the expression levels of miRNAs involved in the regulation of hypoxia signaling pathways. Here, the aim is to identify possible microRNA markers whose expression does not depend on exercise-induced hypoxia, but changes markedly when taking cobalt preparations.Methods. MicroRNA isolation was performed from blood plasma samples using the PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on CFX96 Bio-Rad (USA) analyzer using miScript® SYBR® Green PCR Kits and panels for studying the expression profiles of mature microRNAs of the hypoxia signaling pathway miScript® miRNA PCR Array.Results. Based on the statistical analysis of the data, it was found that the expression of hsa-miR-15b-5p in the blood plasma of the subjects does not depend on physical activity, but increases when taking cobalt preparations.Conclusions. The difference in expression levels during anaerobic exercise-induced hypoxia and cobalt-induced hypoxia makes hsa-miR-15b-5p a potential candidate to be a marker of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent abuse.
Women education in Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Hussen Nuru , Kebede Gebre Kindu
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Education is a vehicle for national economic development equally as for individual advancement. Historically, girls were denied opportunities for schooling in most of the regions and societies of Ethiopia. So this study geared towards the factors of women's education level in Ethiopia.

METHODS
Secondary data on women’s data sets were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. A population-based cross-sectional study design was used for the survey. The sampling technique used for the survey was the two-stage sampling technique, which is stratified in the first stage and equal probability systematic selection technique in the second stage. An ordinal logistic regression model was fitted to identify the determinants of women education in Ethiopia.

RESULTS
Among the random sample of 17137 women, the majority 7647(44.62%) were illiterate. This is evidence that most the women are still under the darkness of illiteracy and having meager participation in higher education. The odds ratios for women’s age at first birth, women’s age at marriage, women from rural areas, families wealth index: poorer, middle, richer, the richest, religion: Catholic, Muslim, and Protestant religions were given as 1.022 (p value: <0.0001), 1.02 (p value: <0.0001), 0.121 (p value: <0.0001), 1.492 (p value:=0.0235), 1.971 (p value: <0.0001), 3.072 (p value: <0.0001), 4.582(p value: <0.0001), 0.185 (p value: =0.0074), 0.762 (p value: =0.0175), and 0.75 (p value: =0.0444) respectively, and they are statistically significant predictors of education level among women in Ethiopia.

CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that most of the women were illiterate due to different reasons. Thus, the federal government, the Ministry of Education, and the Regional Education Bureaus must enforce the legal age of marriage and increase the number of schools and other infrastructure in rural areas.
A videókonferencia-alkalmazások biztonsági kockázatai
Authors: Bányász Péter , Tóth András , Magyar Sándor , Koller Marco
Published: March 2023

Az új típusú koronavírus számos területen gyorsította fel a digitalizációt. A globális pandémia egyik jellegzetes képe az online értekezletekhez köthető. Az állami és piaci szervezeteknek, az oktatási intézményeknek szinte egyik napról a másikra kellett átállni távoli munkavégzésre, digitális oktatásra, ami a különböző videókonferencia-alkalmazások használatának megugrásával járt együtt. A Covid–19 azonban nem csupán a társadalmi funkciók fenntartásában okozott komoly kihívásokat; a kierőltetett digitalizáció emergens fenyegetettségeket is okozott a kibertérben. A videókonferencia-alkalmazások a fentiekből következően számos biztonsági kockázatot rejtenek magukban adatvédelmi és információbiztonsági aspektusból. Jelen tanulmány ezeket a kockázatokat kívánja bemutatni a technológia, illetve a humán tényező szempontjából, valamint a jó gyakorlatok elvét követve megoldási javaslatokat is felvázol.
Egyetemi demokrácia – a szenátusi testületek választási rendszerének fényében
Authors: Smuk Péter
Published: March 2023

Az egyetemek és a demokrácia kapcsolata több dimenzióban vizsgálható kérdés. A társadalmi rendszer demokratikus felépítésén túl az egyetemek belső demokráciája további különleges feltételek mentén alakulhat ki. A belső demokrácia letéteményesei azok a testületek lehetnek, amelyek az egyetemen a közösségi döntésekben közreműködnek, így azok tagságának összeállításánál a közösség méltán tart igényt megfelelő részvételi jogokra. Jelen dolgozat a belső demokrácia kérdése körül vizsgálódik, különös tekintettel a szenátus tagságára és annak választási szabályaira. A szervezetalakítási autonómia fontos kérdése, hogy miként viszonyul hozzá az állam – milyen teret enged az egyetem saját szabályzatainak a szervezeti és választási rend meghatározásában. Az általunk vizsgált tucatnyi egyetem belső intézményi dokumentuma többé-kevésbé részletesen szabályozza a szenátus összetételét, valamint a választott tagság keletkezésének anyagi és eljárási szabályait. Érdemes tehát megvizsgálni, hogy e választási szabályok mennyiben felelnek meg a demokratikus választójog elveinek és a politikai rendszerben megszokott választási intézményeknek. Aktualitását adja vizsgálatunknak a magyarországi egyetemi modellváltás, amely szervezeti autonómia terén (is) nagyobb mozgásteret kínál a magánegyetemeknek, mint az államiaknak.
Alternatiflilik mi, Aşırılaşma mı? Turizm Çeşitlerinin Son Güncel Durumu
Authors: DEMİRER Dilek , HATIRNAZ Beyza
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırma, önde gelen dört turizm dergisinde yayınlanan makalelerin başlık ve anahtar kelimelerini analiz ederek turizm çeşitlerinin dönemsel olarak gösterdiği değişimi belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analizler dönemsel olarak her dergi için ayrı ayrı ve bütünsel şekilde yapılmış ve kelime bulutlarını kullanarak görselleştirilmiştir. Böylece turizm çeşitlerindeki eğilime ilişkin yaklaşık elli yıla dayanan anlık bir görüntü sağlanmaktadır. Yayınlanan makalelerde; (1) 404 farklı turizm çeşidinden bahsedildiği, (2) en çok sürdürülebilir turizm çeşidine (n=176) değinildiği, (3) en fazla turizm çeşidine (n=241) Tourism Management dergisinde yer verildiği, (4) en fazla sayıda turizm türünün 2012-2021 arası dönemde görüldüğü ve bu dönemde 271 farklı turizm çeşidinin çalışıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışma, turizm çeşitlerindeki değişimi sadece dergiler ve dönemler arasında öne çıkan türler üzerinden göstermekle kalmamakta; turizm çeşitlerini ortak başlıklar altında çeşitli şekillerde sınıflandırarak çeviri sorunlarını ayrıca türler arasındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıkları da ifade etmektedir. Aynı zamanda çalışmada bazı turizm türlerinin zamanla alt boyutlara ayrıldığı bazılarının da farklı isimler altında tekrardan çalışıldığının altı çizilmektedir. Alternatif turizm türlerinin artışı görsel olarak sunulmaktadır.
Borsa İstanbul’da İşlem Gören Konaklama Şirketlerinde Banka Kredisi Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: KARADENİZ Erdinç , HIDIR Emre
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören konaklama şirketlerinde bankacılık sektörünün sağladığı banka kredisi kullanımının tür, vade ve maliyet açısından analiz edilmesidir. Araştırmada Covid-19 salgınının konaklama şirketlerinin banka kredisi kullanımları üzerindeki etkisi de incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmada konaklama şirketlerinin 2009 – 2021 yılları arasında banka kredisi kullanım düzeyi, banka kredilerinin türü, faiz oranları, vadesi ve para birimi cinsinden dağılımları oran ve doküman analizi ile saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda aktiflerin ortalama %10,84’lük kısmının banka kredileriyle finanse edildiği, yabancı kaynaklar içinde banka kredisi kullanımının %19,92 gerçekleştiği ve kısa vadeli banka kredisi kullanımının daha fazla tercih edildiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca konaklama şirketlerinin ağırlıklı olarak Türk Lirası, Dolar, Euro ve Sterlin cinsinden kısa ve uzun vadede faiz oranları her yıl değişkenlik gösteren işletme kredileri, günlük spot kredi, rotatif kredi, borçlu cari hesap kredisi, döviz kazandırıcı kredi, taşıt kredisi ve yatırım kredilerinden yararlandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte Covid-19 salgın dönemi öncesine göre konaklama şirketlerinin banka kredileri kullanım düzeylerinin önce düştüğü ancak sonra tekrar yükseldiği saptanmıştır.
Pandemi Dönemi Turizm Rehberliği Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitime İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: ARICI Semih , KARAÇAY Tuncay
Published: March 2023

Salgının en önemli etkilerinden biri eğitimin veriliş biçiminin değişmesi olmuştur. Bu dönemde tüm kurumlar uzaktan eğitime kısmen veya tamamen geçmiştir. Bu nedenle araştırmanın amacı turizm rehberliği öğrencilerinin salgın döneminde uygulanan uzaktan eğitim süreçleri ve yöntemlerine yönelik algılarını değerlendirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Uzaktan Eğitim Öğrencilerinin Memnuniyet Algıları ölçeği uyarlanarak kullanılmıştır. Veriler 2020-2021 akademik yılının sonunda, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Turizm Rehberliği bölümünde öğrenim gören 155 katılımcıdan elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden sonra yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre katılımcıların demografik özellikleri ve uzaktan eğitime bağlanma şekli, bağlantı sorunu gibi açıklayıcı değişkenler ile öğrenme, etkililik ve kişisel memnuniyet boyutları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu gözlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin boyutlarda yer alan ifadelere katılımlarının orta ve alt düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Uzaktan eğitim sürecinin asıl bileşenleri olan ders programlarının tasarımı, paylaşılan materyaller, değerlendirme süreçleri, teknolojinin kendisi ve üniversite tarafından sunulan destek hizmetlerine ilişkin algılarının düşük olmasına karşın öğrenme memnuniyetlerinin yüksek olmasının teknolojinin sunmuş olduğu konfor, düşük maliyet vb. yan faydalardan kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmanın önemli bir diğer sonucu ise öğrencilerin kişisel ve etkililik memnuniyetlerinin öğrenme memnuniyetleri üzerinde etkili olduğu kişisel ve etkililik memnuniyet düzeyleri arttıkça öğrenme memnuniyetlerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir.
A RBC e seu Compromisso Ético com a Diversidade, Equidade, Inclusão e Acessibilidade nas Comunicações Científicas
Authors: Silva Mario Jorge Sobreira da , Casado Letícia , Bergmann Anke
Published: March 2023

Na última década, os termos “Diversidade, Equidade, Inclusão e Acessibilidade” (DEIA) se tornaram extremamente populares por serem valores fundamentais na promoção de uma sociedade mais justa, equitativa e inclusiva para todos. Essas diretrizes têm sido frequentemente abordadas por diversas áreas do conhecimento no Brasil e no mundo. Tal fato não é diferente nas comunicações científicas. A ciência deve ser uma busca pela verdade e pelo conhecimento, acessível a todas as pessoas, independentemente de sua raça, gênero, orientação sexual, religião, nacionalidade ou deficiência. A Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia (RBC), ao longo dos seus 75 anos de existência, tem assumido o compromisso ético de promover a adoção das diretrizes DEIA em todo seu fluxo editorial, com o intuito de enfrentar as desigualdades, iniquidades e disparidades em saúde, e de garantir a maior pluralidade científica possível. As ações descritas neste editorial e os demais compromissos éticos da RBC têm favorecido a construção de um espaço plural e democrático.
Don’t pin it all on a stereotype
Authors: LU Chirag , Kalra Pramila , NA Arivazhagan , Shashidhar Abhinith , Singh Gyani Jail , Saini Jitender
Published: March 2023

Hypercalcemia is one of the most frequently encountered problems in endocrinology OPD. Although the evaluation may not always be straightforward in all scenarios. Common factors affecting calcium levels such as dehydration, improper sample collection, and vitamin D supplementation may mask a serious underlying disorder. Here, we discuss a case of an elderly female who had symptoms of myelopathy and hypercalcemia whose etiology was initially attributed to excessive supplementation of calcium, vitamin D, and age- related bone changes; had another serious underlying calcium metabolism disorder.
A rare case of giant mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the right ovary with metastatic deposits and Brenner tumor in the left ovary
Authors: Kandhalu Salini Krishnrao , Sameeraa Pappu RSS , Mohan KV Murali , Jayalakshmi Medikonda
Published: March 2023

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy. Mucinous tumor accounts for 3% of ovarian tumors and is a challenging task for a surgical pathologist. Association of Brenner tumor, a subtype of epithelial malignancy is a rare entity reported in the literature. Herein, we report a unique case of a 57-years old post-menopausal woman who presented with progressive abdominal distention for 3 years and constipation for 1 year. Clinically, it was suspected as a case of complex ovarian cyst and the patient underwent staging laparotomy. Intraoperatively, a giant mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the right ovary with deposits in the pouch of Douglas, omentum, umbilical, and the sub-umbilical region was found along with a benign Brenner tumor of the left ovary.
Antibiotic management of native mitral valve infectious endocarditis in patient with unaffected prosthetic aortic valve: A case report
Authors: Dhillon Jasdeep
Published: March 2023

Infectious endocarditis is a rare but feared condition, most frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We describe the case of an 81-year-old male patient presenting with intermittent fever and dyspnea. Cardiac evaluation with transthoracic echocardiogram showed the presence of heart failure with suspicion of endocarditis. Consequently, a transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated vegetation on the native mitral valve with an unaffected prosthetic aortic valve. Blood cultures were positive for S. aureus. Literature concerning endocarditis originating from a native valve in patients with a prosthetic valve is limited. We applied a new treatment scheme consisting of intravenous floxapen 12 g/24 h in a continuous infusion combined with intravenous rifampicin 2×300 mg daily for a duration of 6 weeks resulting in complete regression of the vegetation. In addition, we were successful in preventing disease propagation to the prosthetic valve. There is a need for more adequate research to prove the prophylactic benefit of this treatment.
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of spleen with calcifying fibrous pseudotumor: A rare case with unusual association
Authors: Shanthi Vissa , Rukmangadha Nandyala , Reddy Gopinath , Banoth Manilal
Published: March 2023

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen is a rare benign vascular lesion of the spleen that was first described in 2004. SANT is associated with other concurrent diseases, mostly malignancies. Calcifying fibrous pseudotumor (CFPT) is a tumor-like lesion usually arising from soft tissue or peritoneal sub-serosa. Both SANT and CFPT are considered to be variants of the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. We report the rare case of a 24-year-old female presenting with a left abdominal mass that was clinically diagnosed as an extraintestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Histopathological examination revealed SANT of spleen and CFPT. We report this case due to its rarity of occurrence and unusual association of SANT with CFPT.
Model Balanced Bagging Berbasis Decision Tree Pada Dataset Imbalanced Class
Authors: Pristyanto Yoga , Zein Aditya Ahmad
Published: March 2023

Algoritma klasifikasi merupakan algoritma yang sangat sering digunakan beriringan dengan kebutuhan manusia, namun peneliti an sebelumnya sering dijumpai kendala saat menggunakan algoritma klasifikasi. Salah satu permasalahan yang sering sekali dijumpai ialah kasus imbalanced dataset. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini diusulkan ensemble method untuk mengatasinya, salah satu algoritma ensemble method yang terkenal ialah bagging. Implementasi balanced-bagging digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dari algoritma bagging. Dalam penelitian ini melibatkan perbandingan tiga model klasifikasi berbeda dengan lima dataset yang memiliki imbalanced ratio (IR) yang berbeda, Model akan dievaluasi berdasarkan metrik akurasi (balanced accuracy), geometric mean dan area under curve (AUC). Model pertama merupakan proses klasifikasi menggunakan Decision Tree (tanpa Bagging),  Model kedua merupakan proses klasifikasi menggunakan Decision Tree (dengan Bagging) dan model ketiga menggunakan Decision Tree (dengan Balanced-Bagging). Implementasi metode bagging dan balanced bagging terhadap algoritma klasifikasi Decision Tree mampu meningkatkan kinerja hasil akurasi (balanced accuracy), geometric mean, dan AUC. Secara umum model Decision Tree + Balanced Bagging menghasilkan kinerja yang terbaik pada seluruh dataset yang digunakan.
Aplikasi Antrian Pasien Pada Dokter Praktek Umum Menggunakan Metode FIFO (First In First Out) Berbasis Android
Authors: Hardianti Hardianti , Hendra Syaiful , Kasim Anita Ahmad , Azhar Ryfial , Angreni Dwi Shinta , Ngemba Hajra Rasmita
Published: March 2023

Currently, there are so many services in Indonesia. One of the services in the health sector is the practice of general practitioners. Services that occur at the practice of general practitioners, namely dr. Zaki Mubarak and dr. Subhan Habibi, located in Palu, often has complaints because it is still ineffective where getting these services is still done manually by means of patients coming in person and taking a queue based on the order of seats then one by one they will be served. This causes patient discomfort in waiting. To make it easier for patients who want to seek treatment, a system is needed, with this; an Android-based patient queuing application for general practice doctors was made. The application of the method used in building the system is the FIFO queuing method where patients who register earlier get medical services first. Then the average waiting time is calculated where the results obtained will be used as an estimate of the waiting time for the next patient. The application development method in this research used the prototype method and application testing uses the black box testing method. The results of this research are the application of patient queues for general practice doctors based on Android which is built to be able to take queues anywhere and anytime and obtain some information including doctor’s practice schedules, queue numbers, running queues, and estimated waiting times so that patients can estimate arrival time without having to wait long. Based on system testing with black box, the results show that the functional system is running well. Based on the average waiting time calculation, from the 60 queue data tested, the result is that the distance between queue 1 and the order is around 5 minutes.
Analisis Kepuasan Pengguna Pada E-Learning menggunakan Metode End User Computing Satisfaction
Authors: Putra Julian , Indah Dwi Rosa , Firdaus Mgs. Afriyan
Published: March 2023

E-learning merupakan rangkaian proses dan penerapan pembelajaran yang berguna memperlancar kegiatan belajar mengajar di SMA Xaverius 1 Palembang yang awalnya digunakan selama COVID-19 hingga sekarang. Guna mengetahui pencapaian penerapan e-learning dan agar dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam keberlanjutan penerapannya. Maka, dilakukan evaluasi kepuasan pengguna akhir e-learning SMA Xaverius 1 Palembang. Adapun metode yang dipakai guna mengukur kepuasan pengguna akhir ialah End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) dengan lima aspek, yakni content, accuracy, format, timeliness, dan ease of use. Terdapat 307 responden yang terdiri atas guru dan murid yang pernah menggunakan e-learning SMA Xaverius 1 Palembang dengan penyebaran kuisioner melalui google form dan kuisioner secara langsung di lokasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan seluruh aspek memiliki tingkat kepuasan berada pada kategori puas. Adapun rekomendasi pengembangan kepada pihak terkait e-learning antara lain, dalam hal error dan stabilnya sistem, fitur chat, fitur notifikasi tugas, dan bantuan langsung dalam e-learning SMA Xaverius 1 Palembang.
Analyze Important Features of PIMA Indian Database For Diabetes Prediction Using KNN
Authors: Perdana Aziz , Hermawan Arief , Avianto Donny
Published: March 2023

Diabetes is a chronic, non-communicable disease, and a long-term health condition that affects how the body uses glucose, the type of sugar that gives energy. In Indonesia, diabetes ranks as the sixth highest cause of death, following conditions related to childbirth. In 2021, Indonesia has a total of 19.5 million diabetes patients, making it the fifth-highest in the world. Some machine learning research has used data from the PIDD (PIMA Indian Diabetes Dataset) to predict diabetes. In this research, in addition to prediction accuracy, data complexity is also important. This research analyzes important features in the PIMA Indian database using the KNN (k-nearest neighbor) method for classification. The results show that using KNN with k=22 value results in the highest accuracy of 83.12%. The analysis also found that the important features required by the KNN method to achieve high accuracy from the PIMA Indian database, in order of importance, are glucose, age, insulin, blood pressure, Body Mass Index, pregnancy, skin thickness, and diabetes pedigree function. However, when used in the KNN classification method, the diabetes pedigree function feature was found to be unnecessary, not relevant, and can be reduced.