bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Makna Penggunaan Repetisi Frase “TUHAN Menyesal” dalam Yeremia 26:1-24
Authors: Josua Rezky Alfero , Sualang Farel Yosua , Sulistya Philipus Pada
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this article is to show that in Jeremiah 26 there is a ladder repetition of the phrase "the LORD regret." Because if you pay special attention, very few interpreters find repetition that occurs three times in Jeremiah 26 verses 3, 13 and 19 regarding the phrase "the LORD regret". Using the sub-hermeneutic leatherative method: Exegesis, this article finds the meaning of the use of repetition of the phrase "The LORD regret" in Jeremiah 26:3, 13 and 19 mentioned by three different subjects "I regret (the LORD)", "The LORD regrets (Jeremiah)," "The LORD regret (the leaders of the nation)." First, the way the LORD conveyed His prophecy by showing an emotional expression (anthropomorphism) because of the sinfulness of the nation of Judah. Secondly, the prophet Jeremiah showed himself to be a true prophet and gave an affirmation of responsiveness for the LORD to cancel His punishment on the nation of Judah. Thirdly, the leaders of the nation remembered the prophecies of Micah and Uriah, so that they should not ignore His message and thus the LORD changed His mind, so that the nation of Judah received salvation and repented by turning to the true LORD.

Tujuan artikel ini untuk memperlihatkan bahwa dalam Yeremia 26 terdapat repetisi bertangga mengenai frase “TUHAN menyesal.” Karena jika diperhatikan secara khusus, sangat sedikit dari para penafsir menemukan adanya repetisi yang terjadi sebanyak tiga kali dalam Yeremia 26 ayat 3, 13 dan 19 mengenai frase “TUHAN menyesal.” Metode kulitatif sub-hermeneutik: Eksegesis, artikel ini menemukan adanya makna penggunaan repetisi frase “TUHAN Menyesal” dalam Yeremia 26:3, 13 dan 19 yang disebutkan oleh tiga subjek berbeda “Aku menyesal (TUHAN)”, “TUHAN menyesal (Yeremia)”, “TUHAN menyesal (para pemimpin bangsa).” Pertama, cara TUHAN menyampaikan nubuat-Nya dengan menunjukkan sebuah ekspresi emosional (anthropomorfisme) karena keberdosaan bangsa Yehuda. Kedua, nabi Yeremia menunjukkan dirinya adalah nabi sejati dan memberikan penegasan mengenai kedaultan responsif agar TUHAN membatalkan hukuman-Nya kepada bangsa Yehuda. Ketiga, para pemimpin bangsa yang teringat nubuat Mikha dan Uria, sehingga mereka tidak boleh mengabaikan pesan-Nya dan dengan itu TUHAN berubah pikiran, supaya bangsa Yehuda menerima keselamatan serta bertobat dengan berbalik kepada TUHAN yang benar.
Rancang Bangun Teologi Sosial Gereja
Authors: Sitanggang Pintor Marihot , Silalahi Sylvia Wijaya
Published: August 2023

This article describes the constructing social theology in the ministry of the Church. In Christian teaching said that God present in the life of human being . Suffering and poverty as reality that we are facing in life. That is why theology and ministry of the Church has been faced and questioned, how God present in suffering and poverty. Choan Seng Song offers his theology, especially in the life of Asian people and proposed God present in suffering and poverty, replacing Asian culture, so the liberation and salvation from God was accepted in in their own culture. The central of theology that was developed by Song in his Suffering God theology is the liberation and salvation that has been granted by crucified Jesus Christ the Son of God. Christ as the center of liberation from God.
Pendampingan Konselor Menangani Krisis Keluarga: Kasus Sonduk Hela di Suku Batak
Authors: Manullang Priska , Sihombing Sempurna , Halawa Via Epiphanis , Sagala Joyis
Published: August 2023

This research aims to be a provision or guide for counselors in accompanying the son-in-law experiencing a family crisis the sonduk hela case the Batak tribe. The focus of the research abaut in accompanying the son-in-law experiencing family crisis the sonduk hela case the Batak tribe in village of Pegagan Julu IV. This research used qualitative methods with literature research (library research), data collection through interviews, observation of data sources, documentation and data analysis using case studies. The results of the research are first by a cross-cultural approach, as a son-in-law becomes aware of the cultural rules Toba Batak, the heir is male and has the courage to make decisions, secondly by the Pastoral Case study metode approach, the son-in-law makes events that occur around him as  objective or realistic inspiration,  and aware of his identity when he is with his in-laws' family. Third, by cultural counselor approach (klb), pastoral case study method (mskp), and theological approach will help the son-in-law deal with the family crisis of the sonduk hela case the Batak tribe.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjadi bekal atau pegangan konselor dalam mendampingi menantu yang mengalami krisis keluarga kasus sonduk hela suku Batak. Fokus penelitian ialah menantu laki-laki yang mengalami krisis keluarga kasus sonduk hela suku Batak di desa Pegagan Julu IV. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan literature risearch (penelitian perpustakaan), pengumpulan data melalui Interview,  Observasi sumber data, dokumentasi dan menganalisa data dengan Case study. Hasil penelitian ialah pertama melalui pendekatan lintas budaya, sebagai menantu laki-laki  menjadi sadar dengan aturan budaya Batak Toba yaitu ahli waris adalah laki-laki dan berani menentukan keputusan, kedua melalui pendekatan Metode Studi Kasus Pastoral, menantu laki-laki menjadikan peristiwa yang terjadi disekitar sebagai inspirasi yang objektif atau realistis, serta menyadari jati dirinya saat bersama keluarga mertua. Ketiga, pendekatan konselor lintas budaya (klb), metode studi kasus pastoral (mskp), dan pendekatan teologi akan membatu menantu menangani krisis keluarga kasus sonduk hela di suku Batak.
Assessment of the Development Potential of Forestry Enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors:   Bryansk State Engineering and Technology University, Konshakova Svetlana A. , Bulkhov Nikolay A. , Zaikin Anatoliy N. , Kuznetsov Sergey G. , Sivakov Vladimir V.
Published: August 2023

The high level of power supply and technical provision of logging, along with advanced technologies, ensure the enterprise’s competitiveness. The current state of facilities and resources at forestry institutions in the regions is, as a rule, unsatisfactory. Significant engineering and technological backwardness of facilities and resources is due to the specifics of the modern structure of the forest sector. With the purpose of ensuring the production effectiveness of forestry institutions in the regions on the basis of increasing the level of power supply and technical provision for logging, it is necessary to carry out appropriate research. The methods for assessing the forest as an ecosystem are a relevant area of theoretical and applied research. There are 3 basic methods used in world and Russian practice in the assessment of natural resources: comparative, cost, and income. The methodology of cost estimate for natural resources provides a flexible system of indices, which allow assessing natural resources depending on the amount of available information and practical purposes. In terms of spatial economics we propose to develop a pilot project to improve the efficiency of production in the state autonomous forestry institutions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The project is intended to provide practical guidance on the allocation of 2–3 groups of forestry institutions. We used an expert approach to assess the rating of forestries. Our earlier estimates for forestry enterprises in the Republic of Bashkortostan (state autonomous institutions) were used as the basis for it. The values of quantitative criteria include expert estimates and statistical information from numerous sources, such as reports, handbooks, results of surveys, interviews, etc. The criteria were divided into 2 groups: quantitative (availability of logging equipment, transport accessibility, calculated logging area) and qualitative (state of the logging equipment, repair depot, and management structure). According to the results of the integral assessment, the forestries are divided into 4 groups. Based on the assessment performed, it is advisable to identify the points of growth in the pilot project of modernization the facilities and resources of forestry enterprises. For citation: Konshakova S.A., Bulkhov N.A., Zaikin A.N., Kuznetsov S.G., Sivakov V.V. Assessment of the Development Potential of Forestry Enterprises of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 202–214. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-202-214
Variability of Biochemical Properties During Adaptation of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) Forms to Excessive Moisture Conditions
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tarkhanov Sergei N. , Pinaevskaya Ekaterina A. , Aganina Yuliya E. , Pakhov Alexander S.
Published: August 2023

Conifers are characterized by a certain degree of individual variability in the content of stress metabolites, which can be caused by genotypic variations or divergence in the growth conditions of individual trees. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the variation of biochemical traits of Scots pine, which are different in the color of male strobilus, during adaptation to the conditions of constant excessive moisture in the soil of the northern taiga. The dynamics of metabolic parameters of Pinus sylvestris L. were investigated in shrubsphagnum pine stands on marshy upland soils at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River (northern taiga subzone). From July to November 2018, needle samples from shoots were collected from 10 pine trees of each of the male strobilus types, differentiated by color. The contents of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, proline, water-soluble proteins, and pH were measured under laboratory conditions. The synthesis of chlorophyll in the needles in the current year of formation decreased in trees of both forms during the dry summer period. A favorable temperature in the autumn period could promote an extension of photosynthetic pigment accumulation, which might negatively affect tree preparation for overwintering. There were no significant differences between f. erythranthera Sanio and f. sulfuranthera Kozubow in the needle content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, free proline, water-soluble proteins, or pH. The similarities in the adaptation of the trees to the constant excessive soil moisture in northern taiga conditions were revealed. The seasonal factor had a considerable impact on the dynamics of biochemical parameters. Ascorbic acid, proline, and anthocyanin were more actively accumulated in the needles throughout the summer due to the high air temperature, resulting in an increase in antioxidant activity and the development of protective mechanisms aimed at reducing oxidative stress. The increase in water-soluble protein content in needles from October to November is one of the cryoprotective mechanisms of the trees for the winter period. Individual differences in ascorbic acid and proline contents in yellow microspore-bearing pine needles at the establishment of minus temperatures in November were considerably higher than in red microspore-bearing pine needles. This is regarded as the norm of the reaction for different types of trees to the influence of negative temperatures. For citation: Tarkhanov S.N., Pinaevskaya E.A., Aganina Y.E., Pakhov A.S. Variability of Biochemical Properties During Adaptation of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) Forms to Excessive Moisture Conditions. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 58–75. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-58-75
Creation of Forest Cultures of Crimean Pine (Pinus pallasiana D. Don) on the Hilly Sands in the Steppe Zone of Russia
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture and Ecology of the Arctic within Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Turchina Tatiana A. , Bannikova Olga A. ,   South European Forest Research Experimental Station that belongs to All-Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry
Published: August 2023

Forest crop cultivation of Crimean pine (Pinus pallasiana D. Don) was implemented in 2009–2020 on sandy and sand included soils in the steppe zone of the European part of Russia. During the analysis of the reasons for the low efficiency of reforestation, the authors proposed the hypothesis that the rules of planting recommended for Scots pine relative to the depth of rooting may not be acceptable for Crimean pine. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the necessity and the most optimal value of deepening the root collar of Crimean pine seedlings on hilly sands. Experimental forest cultures were planted in 2017. The depth of the plant collar relative to the soil surface was tested at 0, 2, 4, 6 cm, and until the seedling’s foliated part. The reference group was created by machine cultivation, which required a rooting depth of 6 cm or more. In the case of hand cultivation, the variants with planting depths of 2 and 4 cm had the highest rates of plant survival (94.2–94.6 % in the first year), plant safety (67.0–94.6 % in the fourth year), and their most even distribution over the silvicultural area (variation coefficient (υ) at 6.6–28.8 %). The lack of deepening and very deep planting by 6 cm led to a decrease in plant survival and preservation by 7.6–18.6 % with an increase in the range of the variation coefficient (υ, 10.2–60.6 %). The mechanized planting with a root collar depth over 6 cm gave the lowest number of preserved plants (58.4 % in the first year, 32.7 % in the fourth year), and the greatest range for the variation coefficient (υ, 30.5–70.1 %). An analytical equalization of the density of age dynamics showed that the predicted density would not reach the normative value with low and very deep planting. The established statistically significant differences in the survival rate of forest cultures throughout the observation period (tf = 2.12–4.38> t05 = 2.12–2.45) indicated the expediency of deepening the root collar. The optimal value is 2–4 cm, but until the seedling’s foliated part. For citation: Turchina T.A., Bannikova O.A. Creation of Forest Cultures of Crimean Pine (Pinus pallasiana D. Don) on the Hilly Sands in the Steppe Zone of Russia. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 76–92. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-76-92
Exploring the role of halogen bonding in iodonium ylides: insights into unexpected reactivity and reaction control
Authors: Montgomery Carlee A , Murphy Graham K
Published: August 2023

Halogen bonding is commonly found with iodine-containing molecules, and it arises when Lewis bases interact with iodine’s σ-holes. Halogen bonding and σ-holes have been encountered in numerous monovalent and hypervalent iodine-containing compounds, and in 2022 σ-holes were computationally confirmed and quantified in the iodonium ylide subset of hypervalent iodine compounds. In light of this new discovery, this article provides an overview of the reactions of iodonium ylides in which halogen bonding has been invoked. Herein, we summarize key discoveries and mechanistic proposals from the early iodonium ylide literature that invoked halogen bonding-type mechanisms, as well as recent reports of reactions between iodonium ylides and Lewis basic nucleophiles in which halogen bonding has been specifically invoked. The reactions discussed herein are organized to enable the reader to build an understanding of how halogen bonding might impact yield and chemoselectivity outcomes in reactions of iodonium ylides. Areas of focus include nucleophile σ-hole selectivity, and how ylide structural modifications and intramolecular halogen bonding (e.g., the ortho-effect) can improve ylide stability or solubility, and alter reaction outcomes.
Aspectos sociológicos de los videojuegos en la cultura de la niñez
Authors: Loayza Jerjes
Published: August 2023

En la vida del niño son numerosas las influencias que se proyectan en él, tanto en su socialización primaria como en la secundaria. En efecto, los roles y funciones que va adquiriendo poco a poco en la familia y, posteriormente, en la escuela y en el barrio, juegan una importancia fundamental en la estructuración de su subjetividad y en la de su intersubjetividad para con su entorno. Se trata de una recíproca relación entre él y su contexto, en donde deberá fortalecer su seguridad para la constitución del yo, a la vez que aportará con su creatividad y compromiso al espacio social en donde se sumerge con plena intención, abocándose a su identificación y constante integración. 
La niñez se ve atravesada por una performatividad que repetirá un proceso dicotómico en torno a la diferenciación social de los sexos que tanto el niño como la niña irán interiorizando bajo el rótulo de lo normal, llegando a perennizarse hasta llegar a la adultez, en donde el individuo se amalgama a una serie de rituales y convergencias de diversa índole.  Vale destacar que, de acuerdo con el contexto y sociedad a la cual nos vayamos a referir, esta suerte de performatividad tendrá diversos caminos y resultados en la persona. El caso latinoamericano, por ejemplo, y con mayor particularidad el peruano, refleja el modo en que se inhiben una serie de comportamientos bajo la dicotomía de los sexos aplicados a la identidad de género, la cual resultará acaso la primera aproximación hacia lo que entendemos como socialización.
Factores determinantes de la deserción escolar en la región Huánuco, Perú
Authors: Calero Roberto , Sosa-Cagna Mayte , Lino-Zuñiga Leonel , Ponciano-Navarro Jean
Published: August 2023

Objetivo. Determinar los factores que explican la deserción escolar en la región Huánuco, Perú, para el período 2010 – 2020. Métodos. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada, adoptó un nivel explicativo y un diseño no experimental. Como base teórica fueron empleadas dos perspectivas sobre la deserción escolar (perspectiva individual e institucional); así mismo, se utilizaron los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares para la estimación de un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados. Se halló que la probabilidad de deserción escolar aumenta: (i) respecto a los factores socioeconómicos, si el escolar pertenece a un hogar de nivel socioeconómico bajo (2,985 pp.), vive en una familia monoparental (0,234 pp.), tiene padres desertores de educación básica (4,013 pp.); (ii) respecto a los factores personales, si el escolar tiene más años de edad (0,801 pp.), o es de sexo masculino (0,856 pp.), o tiene la necesidad de trabajar (1,986 pp.). Conclusiones. Se establece que los factores socioeconómicos de la deserción escolar son: el nivel socioeconómico del hogar, antecedentes de padres desertores y la estructural parental del hogar. En tanto, los factores personales relacionados a la deserción escolar son la edad, el sexo y la necesidad de trabajar del escolar.
Hábitos y comportamientos alimentarios de estudiantes universitarios, Jujuy, Argentina, 2022
Authors: Vera Jorge Luis
Published: August 2023

Objetivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer los hábitos y comportamientos alimentarios de estudiantes que cursan el primer año de la carrera Licenciatura en Nutrición, en el Departamento Académico San Salvador de la Universidad Católica de Santiago del Estero, Jujuy, Argentina, en el año 2022. Métodos. La investigación se realizó desde un enfoque cualitativo flexible y utilizó la anamnesis alimentaria como instrumento de recolección de la información. Las entrevistas fueron semiestructuradas, individuales y virtuales, con preguntas abiertas para conocer los hábitos y comportamientos referidos al qué, cuánto, cómo, por qué, para qué, con quién y dónde comen los estudiantes habitualmente. El análisis se realizó mediante el proceso de descubrimiento, codificación y relativización, considerando las categorías definidas a priori y emergentes. Resultados. Se pudo conocer los comportamientos y hábitos alimentarios de los estudiantes, el contexto de la comensalidad, los gustos, preferencias y aversiones alimentarias, así como la complejidad subyacente en éstos. Conclusiones. Investigar sobre las prácticas alimentarias no debe reducirse solamente a la selección de alimentos en variedad y cantidad, sino que es necesario conocer el contexto y las circunstancias en las cuales se lleva a cabo el evento alimentario en el día a día. Es importante conocer los gustos aceptados y denegados, las preferencias, aversiones y los desagrados, las estrategias alimentarias, los sentidos, significados, tipos de comensalidad, entre otras características. De esta manera, también se pretende que la anamnesis alimentaria sea un instrumento de investigación para sistematizar la práctica profesional del trabajo en consultorio que realiza el profesional de la nutrición.
Producción del sistema de ciencia e innovación tecnológica en salud en un contexto cubano
Authors: Roque Herrera Yosbanys , Blanco Balbeito Nubia , Criollo Criollo Anabela del Rosario , Erazo Parra Jose Luis
Published: August 2023

Objetivo. Comparar los principales resultados alcanzados en la producción científica de las entidades pertenecientes al Sistema de Ciencia e Innovación Tecnológica en Salud (SCIT) en el municipio Sagua la Grande, Cuba, en 2020 y 2021. Métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio observacional comparativo transversal, cuya población estuvo constituida por las instituciones integradas en la estructura de gestión de la investigación (N=7). Los datos se recolectaron a través de la técnica de revisión de documentos, considerando la información almacenada en las bases de datos de la instancia reguladora. La prueba inferencial no paramétrica chi cuadrado posibilitó comparar las distribuciones de frecuencias de las variables a partir de la asociación por no homogeneidad. Resultados. Se observó el predominio de proyectos contratados en 2020 (33). Los profesionales del nivel de atención de salud segundario tuvieron más presentaciones de ponencias en eventos científicos en el entorno investigado; sin embargo, la mayoría de las publicaciones tuvieron autoría por los afiliados a la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Sagua la Grande, estableciéndose diferencias significativas entre las cifras de años analizados para estas variables (p>0,05). Conclusiones. El potencial científico del Sistema de Ciencia e Innovación Tecnológica en Salud en el municipio de Sagua la Grande posee características que favorecen la generación de productos que impactan sobre los servicios de atención en salubridad.
Meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika melalui implementasi model pembelajaran Jigsaw dengan memperbantukan LKPD
Authors: Nuary Rusdi Hamdany , Triyono Ageng
Published: August 2023

Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan persentase hasil belajar matematika siswa melalui implementasi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dengan memperbantukan LKPD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar matematika siswa siswa kelas VIII-I SMP Negeri Jakarta. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 36 siswa, satu orang observer, dan peneliti sendiri yang bertindak sebagai guru. Data penelitian didapatkan dari lembar observasi  keaktifan siswa dan instrumen soal tes. Data keaktifan siswa dianalisis menggunakan rumus persentase rerata. Data hasil tes dianalisis menggunakan rumus perhitungan ketuntasan hasil belajar, rumus rerata, dan perhitungan persentase peningkatan hasil belajar. Hasil analisis data menyimpulkan adanya peningkatan persentase pada beberapa aspek pembelajaran, yaitu; (1) keaktifan siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II meningkat sebesar 16,87%; (2) ketuntasan hasil belajar dari kondisi awal ke siklus I meningkat sebesar 66,68%, dan dari siklus I ke siklus II meningkat lagi sebesar 3,51%; (3) nilai rerata kelas dari kondisi awal ke siklus I meningkat sebesar 20,8, dan dari siklus I ke siklus II  meningkat lagi sebesar 3,84.  Peningkatan hasil belajar dari masing-masing siklus tersebut menunjukkan bahwa implementasi model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dengan memperbantukan LKPD telah berhasil dilaksanakan sesuai tujuan penelitian.
A New Funerary Stele from Karkemish and New Values for Some Anatolian Hieroglyphic Signs
Authors: Peker Hasan
Published: August 2023

Karkemish is located on the West bank of Euphrates River, about 60 kilometres southeast of Gaziantep, Turkey, and 100 kilometres northeast of Aleppo, Syria. Ruins of the city, over 90 hectares, of which over 55 lie in Turkey and around 35 in Syria. Since 2011 Karkemish has been newly explored by a joint Turco-Italian Archaeological Expedition. During the 2016 excavation campaign by the Turco-Italian Archaeological Expedition at Karkemish, a fragment of a funerary stele bearing a Hieroglyphic Luwian text was unearthed in the Lower Palace area. The stele probably dates to the early eighth century BCE (reign of Yariri/Yarri) and belonged to the wife of a cultic official. In this article, after presenting an edition of the inscription in question, new values for the Anatolian hieroglyphic sign L375 (which is attested on the stele in the writing PURUS-L375-sá of the word *kummayalli(ya)s, “sacred priest”) and related signs such as L375, L144 (= *521), L74, L129, and L398 are suggested while reinterpreting several passages of hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions from both the Empire and Late Hittite periods.
Yunan İşgali Sonrasında Doğu Trakya’dan Bulgaristan’a İltica Hareketi
Authors: Özkan Kenan
Published: August 2023

Yunan ordusunun Temmuz 1920’de Doğu Trakya’yı işgali üzerine 1. Kolordu birlikleri direniş gösteremeden mağlup olmuş ve tarafsız bir devlet olan Bulgaristan’a iltica etmiştir. Katliam endişesine kapılan sivil ahali de askerî birlikleri takip ederek Bulgaristan’a sığınmıştır. Bu çalışmada asker ve sivil mültecilerin Bulgaristan’a iltica ve memleketlerine iade sürecinde neler yaşandığı ve özellikle mültecilerin iade sürecinde Bulgar ve Osmanlı Hükûmetleri arasında yaşanan krizlerin nasıl çözüldüğü sorularına yanıt aranmıştır. ATASE Arşiv belgelerine dayandırılarak daha önce yapılmış bir çalışmadan farklı olarak, bu çalışmada Osmanlı Arşivi belgelerinden istifade edilmiştir. Böylece ulaşılan yeni belgeler ışığında, konu detaylandırılmış ve yukarıdaki sorulara yanıt verilmiştir. Buna göre Bulgar Hükûmeti asker ve sivil mültecileri Bulgaristan’ın çeşitli yerlerinde geçici olarak iskân etmiş ve iaşelerini sağlamıştır. Ancak ülkedeki siyasi ve iktisadi sorunlar nedeniyle mültecilere daha fazla yardım edemeyen Bulgar Hükûmeti, Osmanlı Hükûmetinden mültecilerin memleketlerine iadesi talebinde bulunmuştur. Savaştan çıkmış Osmanlı Hükûmeti de mali sıkıntıda olduğu için mültecilerin memleketlerine iadesi sürecini sağlıklı bir şekilde yürütememiştir. Bunun yanı sıra subayların Bulgar Hükûmeti tarafından el konulan şahsi hayvanları ile kolorduya ait resmî evrakların iadesi iki hükûmet arasında önemli bir sorun hâlini almıştır. Osmanlı Hükûmeti aynı zamanda İtilaf Devletlerinin müdahalesi ile Bulgar Hükûmetinin mültecilerin pasaportlarını vize etmemesi nedeniyle yaşanan krizi de çözmek için uğraşmıştır. Sürecin geneline bakıldığında sivil ve asker mültecilerin çok büyük bir kısmı kendi çabaları ile memleketlerine dönmek mecburiyetinde kalmıştır.
The Mediating Role of The Meaning of Life in the Effect of Spiritual Well-Being on Post-Traumatic Growth During the Covid-19 Pandemic Process
Authors: Ermiş Ece Naz
Published: August 2023

Considering the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on mental health, it has been determined that there is a need to focus on the positive parts of the post-traumatic results of the pandemic together with spiritual concepts. For this purpose, the mediating role of the meaning of life in the effect of spiritual well-being on post-traumatic growth
during the Covid-19 pandemic process was examined. Within the scope of this general purpose: (a) the moderator role of fear of COVID in the mediating role of the meaning of life in the effect of mental well- being on post-traumatic growth, (b) the mediator role of the meaning of life in the effect of existential regret on post-traumatic growth were examined. The participants in the study consisted of 398 people, 263 women and 135 men, between the ages of 18-62. Data analysis includes correlation and regression analysis. As a result of the analyzes, it was observed that spiritual well-being had a statistically significant and positive effect on post-traumatic growth and the meaning of life had a partial mediating role in this relationship. While the effect of spiritual well-being on the meaning of life is at a significant level, it is observed that the fear of covid has a regulatory role in this effect. In addition, while the meaning of life has a significant effect on post-traumatic growth, it is also seen that existential regret has a regulatory role in this effect. It is thought that this study will provide functional evidence for the post-traumatic growth effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and for possible subsequent outbreaks.
THE ROLE OF DIVERGENT THINKING IN INTERPERSONAL TRUST DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CREATIVE ASPECTS
Authors: Palmiero Massimiliano , Palumbo Rocco , Ceccato Irene , La Malva Pasquale , Di Crosta Adolfo , Fusi Giulia , Crepaldi Maura , Rusconi Maria Luisa , Di Domenico Alberto
Published: August 2023

Interpersonal trust relies on positive expectations about other people. Social psychology distinguishes ingroup (individuals share social identity, e.g., family) from outgroup trust (individuals do not share social identity, e.g., strangers). We conducted an experimental study to test if divergent thinking, which relies on an inclusive processing mode, differently affected ingroup and outgroup trust during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 114 healthy college students, with no prior or current COVID-19 infection (mean age = 23.66, sd = 2.53, 89% women) was recruited. Interpersonal trust was measured by three ingroup and three outgroup trust items. Divergent thinking was measured by the alternative uses task, which asked to find alternative uses for common objects. Divergent thinking was scored by two independent raters in terms of fluency and quality of ideas. To control for generalized anxiety and mood states, the generalized anxiety disorder scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were administered, respectively. To control for the inclusiveness of divergent thinking performance, the alternative uses task was administered using three types of instructions. Thus, the sample was divided in three groups of 38 participants according to the divergent thinking task instructions: “be-fluent: find as many different uses for the objects”, “be-creative: find creative uses for the objects”, and “be fluent and creative: find as many different and creative uses of the objects”. The hierarchical regression analyses showed that the quality, but not the quantity of divergent thinking positively predicted only outgroup trust, whereas the mood positively predicted ingroup trust. Divergent thinking task instructions did not affect interpersonal trust. Thus, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the quality of divergent thinking supports only outgroup trust based on the inclusive processing mode, meaning that people showing high ability to produce uncommon, remote and clever ideas are more inclusive and by consequence more prone to trust strangers. Limitations and implications are discussed.
exoMMR: A New Python Package to Confirm and Characterize Mean Motion Resonances
Authors: MacDonald Mariah G. , Polania Vivas Michael S. , D’Angiolillo Skylar , Fernandez Ashley N. , Quinn Tyler
Published: August 2023

The study of orbital resonances allows for the constraint of planetary properties of compact systems. We can predict a system’s resonances by observing the orbital periods of the planets, as planets in or near mean motion resonance (MMR) have period ratios that reduce to a ratio of small numbers. However, a period ratio near commensurability does not guarantee a resonance; we must study the system’s dynamics and resonant angles to confirm resonance. Because resonances require in-depth study to confirm, and because two-body resonances require a measurement of the eccentricity vector which is quite challenging, very few resonant pairs or chains have been confirmed. We thus remain in the era of small-number statistics, not yet able to perform large population synthesis or informatics studies. To address this problem, we build a python package to find, confirm, and analyze MMRs, primarily through N-body simulations. We then analyze all near-resonant planets in the Kepler/K2 and TESS catalogs, confirming over 60 new resonant pairs and various new resonant chains. We additionally demonstrate the package’s functionality and potential by characterizing the mass–eccentricity degeneracy of Kepler-80g, exploring the likelihood of an exterior giant planet in Kepler-80, and constraining the masses of planets in Kepler-305. We find that our methods overestimate the libration amplitudes of the resonant angles and struggle to confirm resonances in systems with more than three planets. We identify various systems that are likely resonant chains but that we are unable to confirm, and highlight next steps for exoplanetary resonances.
Quantifying the Impact of the Dust Torque on the Migration of Low-mass Planets
Authors: Guilera Octavio M. , Benitez-Llambay Pablo , Miller Bertolami Marcelo M. , Pessah Martin E.
Published: August 2023

Disk solids are critical in many planet formation processes; however, their effect on planet migration remains largely unexplored. Here we assess this important issue for the first time by building on the systematic measurements of dust torques on an embedded planet by Benitez-Llambay & Pessah. Adopting standard models for the gaseous disk and its solid content, we quantify the impact of the dust torque for a wide range of conditions describing the disk/planet system. We show that the total torque can be positive and reverse inward planet migration for planetary cores with M
p ≲ 10 M
⊕. We compute formation tracks for low-mass embryos for conditions usually invoked when modeling planet formation processes. Our most important conclusion is that dust torques can have a significant impact on the migration and formation history of planetary embryos. The most important implications of our findings are as follows. (i) For nominal dust-to-gas mass ratios ϵ ≃ 0.01, low-mass planets migrate outwards beyond the water ice-line if most of the mass in the solids is in particles with Stokes numbers St ≃0.1. (ii) For ϵ ≳ 0.02–0.05, solids with small Stokes numbers, St ≃ 0.01, can play a dominant role if most of the mass is in those particles. (iii) Dust torques have the potential to enable low-mass planetary cores formed in the inner disk to migrate outwards and act as the seed for massive planets at distances of tens of au.
Observed Polarized Scattered Light Phase Functions of Planet-forming Disks
Authors: Ginski Christian , Tazaki Ryo , Dominik Carsten , Stolker Tomas
Published: August 2023

Dust particles are the building blocks from which planetary bodies are made. A major goal of studies of planet-forming disks is to constrain the properties of dust particles and aggregates in order to trace their origin, structure, and the associated growth and mixing processes in the disk. Observations of the scattering and/or emission of dust in a location of the disk often lead to degenerate information about the kinds of particles involved, such as the size, porosity, or fractal dimensions of aggregates. Progress can be made by deriving the full (polarizing) scattering phase function of such particles at multiple wavelengths. This has now become possible by careful extraction from scattered light images. Such an extraction requires knowledge about the shape of the scattering surface in the disk, and we discuss how to obtain such knowledge as well as the associated uncertainties. We use a sample of disk images from observations with the Very Large Telescope/SPHERE to, for the first time, extract the phase functions of a whole sample of disks with broad phase-angle coverage. We find that polarized phase functions come in two categories. Comparing the extracted functions with theoretical predictions from rigorous T-Matrix computations of aggregates, we show that one category can be linked back to fractal, porous aggregates, while the other is consistent with more compact, less porous aggregates. We speculate that the more compact particles become visible in disks where embedded planets trigger enhanced vertical mixing.
Excited Hydroxyl Outflow in the High-mass Star-forming Region G34.26 + 0.15
Authors: Tan Wei Siang , Araya Esteban D. , Rigg Cade , Hofner Peter , Kurtz Stan , Linz Hendrik , Rosero Viviana
Published: August 2023

G34.26 + 0.15 is a region of high-mass star formation that contains a broad range of young stellar objects in different stages of evolution, including a hot molecular core, hypercompact H ii regions, and a prototypical cometary ultracompact H ii region. Previous high-sensitivity single-dish observations by our group resulted in the detection of broad 6035 MHz OH absorption in this region; the line showed a significant blueshifted asymmetry indicative of molecular gas expansion. We present high-sensitivity Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the 6035 MHz OH line conducted to image the absorption and investigate its origin with respect to the different star formation sites in the region. In addition, we report detection of 6030 MHz OH absorption with the VLA and further observations of 4.7 GHz and 6.0 GHz OH lines obtained with the Arecibo Telescope. The 6030 MHz OH line shows a very similar absorption profile as the 6035 MHz OH line. We found that the 6035 MHz OH line absorption region is spatially unresolved at ∼2″ scales, and it is coincident with one of the bright ionized cores of the cometary H ii region that shows broad radio recombination line emission. We discuss a scenario where the OH absorption is tracing the remnants of a pole-on molecular outflow that is being ionized inside-out by the ultracompact H ii region.
Constraining the Evolution of the Unstable Accretion Disk in SMC X-1 with NICER
Authors: Brumback McKinley C. , Vasilopoulos Georgios , Coley Joel B. , Dage Kristen , Miller Jon M.
Published: August 2023

Neutron star high-mass X-ray binaries with superorbital modulations in luminosity host warped inner accretion disks that occult the neutron star during precession. In SMC X-1, the instability in the warped disk geometry causes superorbital period “excursions”: times of instability when the superorbital period decreases from its typical value of 55 to ∼40 days. Disk instability makes SMC X-1 an ideal system in which to investigate the effects of variable disk geometry on the inner accretion flow. Using the high-resolution spectral and timing capabilities of the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, we examined the high state of four different superorbital cycles of SMC X-1 to search for changes in spectral shape and connections to the unstable disk geometry. We performed pulse phase-averaged and phase-resolved spectroscopy to closely compare the changes in spectral shape and any cycle-to-cycle variations. While some parameters, including the photon index and absorbing column density, show slight variations with superorbital phase, these changes are most evident during the intermediate state of the superorbital cycle. Few spectral changes are observed within the high state of the superorbital cycle, possibly indicating the disk instability does not significantly change SMC X-1's accretion process.
Fermi-LAT Detection of a New Starburst Galaxy Candidate: IRAS 13052-5711
Authors: Xiang Yunchuan , Jiang Qingquan , Lan Xiaofei
Published: August 2023

A likely starburst galaxy (SBG), IRAS 13052–5711, which is the most distant SBG candidates discovered to date, was found by analyzing 14.4 yr of data from the Fermi large-area telescope. This SBG’s significance level is approximately 6.55σin the 0.1–500 GeV band. Its spatial position is close to that of 4FGL J1308.9–5730, determined from the Fermi large telescope fourth-source Catalog (4FGL). Its power-law spectral index is approximately 2.1, and its light curve for 14.4 yr has no significant variability. These characteristics are highly similar to those of SBGs found in the past. We calculate the SBG’s star formation rate (SFR) to be 29.38M⊙yr−1, which is within the SFR range of SBGs found to date. Therefore, IRAS 13052-5711 is considered to be a likely SBG. In addition, its 0.1–500 GeV luminosity is (3.28 ± 0.67) × 1042erg s−1, which deviates from the empirical relationship of theγ-ray luminosity and the total infrared luminosity. We considered a hadronic model to explain the GeV spectrum of IRAS 13052-5711.
No Small-scale Radio Jets Here: Multiepoch Observations of Radio Continuum Structures in NGC 1068 with the VLBA
Authors: Fischer Travis C. , Johnson Megan C. , Secrest Nathan J. , Crenshaw D. Michael , Kraemer Steven B.
Published: August 2023

We present recent Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) 5 GHz radio observations of the nearby, luminous Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 for comparison to similar VLBA observations made on 1997 April 26. By cross-correlating the positions of emitting regions across both epochs, we find that spatially resolved extranuclear radio knots in this system have subrelativistic transverse speeds (v ≲0.1c). We discuss sources of the observed knots and how the radio emission relates to additional phases of gas in the central ∼150 pc of this system. We suggest that the most likely explanation for the observed emission is synchrotron radiation formed by shocked host media via interactions between active galactic nucleus winds and the host environment.
Torymus sinensis and its close relatives in Europe: a multilocus phylogeny, detailed morphological analysis, and identification key
Authors: Viciriuc Ionela-Mădălina , Mitroiu Mircea-Dan , Askew Richard Robinson , Ris Nicolas , Fusu Lucian , Borowiec Nicolas
Published: August 2023

The introduction of the biological control agent Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) to control the populations of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) is considered one of the successful programs in biological control. The species was involved in interspecific hybridisation in Japan and the specimens imported into Europe were derived from this hybrid lineage, showing signs of introgression. The discovery of mitochondrial haplotypes or possible Enolase haplotypes from T. beneficus or of specimens with shorter ovipositor does not necessarily imply that T. beneficus is present in Europe, only that the European specimens are of hybrid origin. Of the native European Torymus species associated with D. kuriphilus, the molecular and morphometric results indicate Torymus notatus (Walker) as the closest species to T. sinensis. The two are part of the same species-group (cyaneus group), are nested together in the multivariate ratio analysis and are the closest genetically based on all three nuclear markers: Enolase (1.5% divergence), Wingless (2%) and ITS2 (13%). However, on the mitochondrial marker COI the closest species is Torymus rubi (Schrank) at 9.9% divergence. ﻿As such, T. notatus is the most likely candidate for accidental interspecific hybridisation if this is to happen in Europe. We provide an illustrated identification key for the European species of Torymus associated with D. kuriphilus, an important but lacking tool for biological control programs.
eDNA Metabarcoding Data in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Authors: Frøslev Tobias , Jeppesen Thomas , Robertson Tim , Schigel Dmitry
Published: August 2023

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international network and data infrastructure that provides free and open access to biodiversity data from around the world, enabling scientists, policymakers, and the public to explore and analyze information about the Earth's living organisms. Originally developing at a distance from GBIF, metabarcoding of DNA has become a standard tool for detecting species in bulk samples or environmental samples such as soil, water, and air. Raw sequence data (fastq files) are often shared and deposited in dedicated repositories. Seen from a biodiversity documenting perspective, raw sequences have limited value, as several steps of bioinformatic processing and filtering are needed to arrive at a credible set of sequences that can be interpreted by comparing to a sequence reference database. Most often, such interpretated DNA metabarcoding data come in the shape a table with abundances of so-called Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) or Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) across samples—a so-called ASV/OTU table—and some associated files, e.g., spatiotemporal and other sample metadata, and taxonomic inferences of sequences. In this session we present GBIF state-of-work and plans for developing and improving publishing and standardisation of OTU table-like biodiversity data for easier and broader reuse, including a prototype tool using the OTU table as a publishing model, mapping this research-familiar data format to the Darwin Core standard (Darwin Core Task Group 2009).
Exploring connections: Reviewing aspects of Te Papa’s historical South African Collection
Authors: Powell Courtney , Akeli Amaama Safua
Published: August 2023

Te Papa Museum’s International History Collection comprises about 6,000 collection items, around 1,000 of which are associated with South Africa. This article provides a brief overview of the development of the collection. The authors also present a small study of the collection, focusing on provenance details of acquisitions, objects and key historical events. The article traces important historical connections between South Africa and New Zealand in the 19th century to contextualise the objects held in Te Papa’s collection. It introduces the 2021 project undertaken to increase public awareness of Te Papa’s South Africa collection. Five significant donors and their contribution to the museum are explored, as well as a further two objects of unknown provenance to direct future aims of building international institutional relationships.
Shorter Oral Regimen for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in South Korea
Authors: Kwon Yong-Soo
Published: August 2023

The treatment of multidrug- and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) poses significant challenges, including frequent adverse drug reactions associated with complex treatment regimens involving multiple drugs administered over prolonged periods. However, recent clinical trials, such as Nix-TB, ZeNix, NExT, MDR-END, TB-PRACTECAL, and BEAT-India, have demonstrated that shorter oral regimens yield superior outcomes compared with conventional approaches. Furthermore, the World Health Organization guidelines for MDR/RR-TB treatment recommend a 6-month all-oral regimen that includes bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin. However, the implementation of these shorter oral regimens in South Korea requires careful consideration. Health insurance coverage policies must be reviewed to include new TB drugs, such as pretomanid. The optimal dosage and treatment duration of linezolid should be determined to minimize side effects and prevent drug resistance; moreover, alternative regimens should be identified for patients who discontinue linezolid because of adverse drug reactions.
Building a Sustainable Career in Hospital Medicine: Strategies for Research and Preventing Burnout
Authors: Lim Yejee
Published: August 2023

The hospital is the optimal setting for conducting research on healthcare quality improvement and patient safety, and hospital medicine is an auspicious field for career growth. Integrating clinical practice with non-clinical activities, including education and scholarly endeavors, has the potential to enhance job satisfaction and mitigate the risk of burnout. As a hospitalist, it is imperative to establish a professional growth plan, and to identify and prioritize core values. This review discusses strategies for engaging in research, fostering career progression, and preventing burnout among hospitalists.