bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control Analysis of Medicine Inventories Using ABC, Ven, and EOQ Approach in Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Almahdy Indra , Kholil Muhammad , Haekal Jakfat , Widodo Tri
Published: September 2021

Pharmaceutical Companies is a place for people to get health services. One unit that has an important role is the Pharmacy division. Pharmacy services include patient care and are responsible for the provision of medicines and other medical devices. This study aimed to find the control of Medicine supplies in sufficient quantities, at the time needed and at the lowest cost. Management of Medicine supplies can be done using the Always, Better, and Control (ABC) method and the Vital, Essential, and Non-Essential (VEN) method to determine priorities in Medicine procurement so that funds are used efficiently. Furthermore, the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) calculation is carried out to obtain optimal inventory.
Lean Manufacturing Integration in Reducing the Number of Defects in the Finish Grinding Disk Brake with DMAIC and FMEA Methods in the Automotive Sub Industry Company
Authors: Hidayat Atep Afia , Kholil Muhammad , Haekal Jakfat , Ayuni Nurul Aisah , Widodo Tri
Published: September 2021

This automotive company is a company engaged in the automotive components of motorcycles. Its main product is Disk Brake. Automotive companies produced an average defective product in Disk Brake production for the January 2019 – December 2019 period of 1.72%, while the tolerance limit of the company was 1%, where there was a difference of 0.72%. This study aims to reduce the number of defects by providing recommendations for improvement proposals. The method used is DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) by calculating the company’s sigma value and using FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) tools to improve the problem. The Define stage creates SIPOC and CTQ (Critical to Quality) diagrams. At the Measure stage, the results of the calculation of the sigma value obtained a DPMO of 3446.41 with a sigma value of 4.20. The most dominant type of defect in disk brakes is thin material based on the analysis results using the Pareto diagram at the Analyze stage. The causes of disk brake defects are obtained using a fishbone diagram. At the Improve stage, the FMEA calculation found the most potential problem-causing factors, namely the availability of components with an RPN (Risk Priority Number) value of 448 and 5W + 1H analysis, an improvement proposal was obtained to schedule maintenance and replacement of components regularly.
Lean Six sigma Integration to Reduce Waste in Tablet coating Production with DMAIC and VSM Approach in Production Lines of Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Kholil Muhammad , Haekal Jakfat , Suparno Adizty , Oktaandhini Dhita Savira , Widodo Tri
Published: September 2021

PT. Medica Indonesia was founded in 1969 and is one of the most significant ethical pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia. PT. Medica Indonesia, located in Cikarang, has a Pilot Plant Department that acts as a scale-up facility after lab scale to ensure that QTPP (Quality Target Product Profile) is consistently achieved on a pilot scale and a production scale. The high reject rate of 3.6% of the reject target of 0.5% for Tablet coating A products is a threat to the company because it can reduce productivity at PT. Medica Indonesia. Moreover, the Tablet coating A product is a mainstay product. In improving and improving the production line, it is necessary to identify the causes of waste. The integration of Lean Six Sigma using the DMAIC, VSM and VALSAT methods is an effective way to determine waste and the causes of waste. The analysis stage was carried out using the WRM and WAQ tools and determining recommendations for improvement using FMEA.
Study Regarding the Leadership Styles Practiced in Catalan SMEs during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: MIHAI Laurențiu
Published: September 2021

This paper’s aim is to study the leadership styles practiced in Catalan SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research focuses on three leadership styles (autocratic/transactional, democratic/transformational and laissez-faire/liberal) and how these styles are influenced by Hofeste’s cultural dimension and other variables such as the SMEs’ maturity level and the respondents’ gender.
Virtual and Augmented Reality in Human Resource Management and Development: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: FERREIRA Pedro , MEIRINHOS Viviana , RODRIGUES Ana Cláudia , MARQUES António
Published: September 2021

The growing interest in virtual and augmented reality applied to business leads companies to explore possible applications in several management areas. The application of virtual and augmented reality to human resources management and development is also underway.
RECOVERY STRATEGIES OF THE THAI HOTEL INDUSTRY DURING AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Hospitality and Tourism Management School of Professional Studies, Assumption University, Thailand, Sueabunthong Chanita
Published: September 2021

The pandemic of coronavirus is one of the big health challenges that ever happened in the world which has generated a variety of negative effects and made significantly changed the different industries, especially the tourism and hospitality industry. The paper aims to identify the recovery strategies of the hotel industry during and after the COVID-19 pandemic likely to continue in the short and medium term to create customer confidence and generate income for survival. The data were collected by using qualitative approach with semi-structured interview. The study results presented the hotel industry needs to adapt into a new normal lifestyle, upgrade hygiene and cleanliness standards, provide COVID-19 prevention and safety measures, and provide contactless technology. Additionally, it was found that mostly hotel manager focuses more on sales and marketing strategies through social media to attract customers with staying and booking during and after the pandemic. This research study is going to add value to the hotel managers to respond to such impacts to recover the hotel.
THE ANATOMY OF GUEST FEEDBACK DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC CRISES WHAT’S NEW WHAT’S DIFFERENT
Authors:   Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand, Bisht Deepesh Singh , Batra Dr Adarsh
Published: September 2021

As the Tourism is increasing globally with the rise in the number of tourists footfall every year where traveling has become an inseparable part of lifestyle but the fact cannot be ignored that covid-19 crisis makes tourism industry crippled and rise in the change in behavior of tourist and post traveling experience different phases of travel from planning the trip, during the trip, at a destination to post-trip which may cause negative experience among domestic tourists. The Qualitative research method is used for the collection of data and in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with domestic tourists in Bangkok and Pattaya from October 13, 2020, to October 15, 2020, concentrated on domestic tourist experience. Constant Comparison Method is used for analyzing the data collected with fourteen domestic tourists at Khaosan road, Central Plaza Grand Rama 9, Bangkok, Jomtien beach Pattaya and Pattaya beach road, Thailand Results reveal that the international tourists visiting Bangkok and Pattaya had a unique travel experience during Covid-19 starting which is a pre-trip phase, continues with during trip phase, at the destination, and ends with the post-trip phase. It is reported that travel-related management includes doing travel arrangements, financial concerns about value for money, airport experiences government subsidiaries.
ANALYSIS OF INDIAN REAL ESTATE SECTOR IN COVID-19 POSED BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   St. Paul Institute of Professional Studies, Indore, Zaki Dr. Goldie
Published: September 2021

The real estate sector of India is one of the largest sectors of economy contributing to 6 to 7%. The real estate sector provides immense employment opportunity in unorganized labour market. Owing own house is prominent amongst dreams of all individuals and this sector helps to convert this dream into reality. India is witnessing large section of middle class and there is rise in disposable income. This is creating thrust for real estate sector in India. With market size increasing from 120 billion US dollars in 2017 to whopping projected size of 1000 billion US $ in 2030, the sector is projected to experience boom. The most noticeable change in real estate business is shift from family oriented set up to professionally managed ones. Although there are numerous growth drivers for the sector, but the threats and challenges too are simultaneous. Unstable government policies, red tape, inflation pull, litigations, lack of transparency and issues pertaining to tax negatively impact the sector. Above all, the lockdown and pause in construction work due to Covid-19 has pulled the industry in trench. This paper analyses the strength, weakness, opportune area and emerging trends of the sector and also entail governmental initiatives and future trend. If certain corrective measures are taken during the lockdown, the industry would be able to attain the projected status.
Mesospheric gravity wave activity estimated via airglow imagery, multistatic meteor radar, and SABER data taken during the SIMONe–2018 campaign
Authors: Vargas Fabio , Chau Jorge L. , Charuvil Asokan Harikrishnan , Gerding Michael
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We describe in this study the analysis of small and large horizontal-scale gravity waves from datasets composed of images from multiple mesospheric airglow emissions as well as multistatic specular meteor radar (MSMR) winds collected in early November 2018, during the SIMONe–2018 (Spread-spectrum Interferometric Multi-static meteor radar Observing Network) campaign. These ground-based measurements are supported by temperature and neutral density profiles from TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) satellite in orbits near Kühlungsborn, northern Germany (54.1∘ N, 11.8∘ E). The scientific goals here include the characterization of gravity waves and their interaction with the mean flow in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and their relationship to dynamical conditions in the lower and upper atmosphere. We have obtained intrinsic parameters of small- and large-scale gravity waves and characterized their impact in the mesosphere via momentum flux (FM) and momentum flux divergence (FD) estimations. We have verified that a small percentage of the detected wave events is responsible for most of FM measured during the campaign from oscillations seen in the airglow brightness and MSMR winds taken over 45 h during four nights of clear-sky observations. From the analysis of small-scale gravity waves (λh < 725 km) seen in airglow images, we have found FM ranging from 0.04–24.74 m2 s−2 (1.62 ± 2.70 m2 s−2 on average). However, small-scale waves with FM > 3 m2 s−2 (11 % of the events) transport 50 % of the total measured FM. Likewise, wave events of FM > 10 m2 s−2 (2 % of the events) transport 20 % of the total. The examination of large-scale waves (λh > 725 km) seen simultaneously in airglow keograms and MSMR winds revealed amplitudes > 35 %, which translates into FM = 21.2–29.6 m2 s−2. In terms of gravity-wave–mean-flow interactions, these large FM waves could cause decelerations of FD = 22–41 m s−1 d−1 (small-scale waves) and FD = 38–43 m s−1 d−1 (large-scale waves) if breaking or dissipating within short distances in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region.
Calibration and assessment of electrochemical low-cost sensors in remote alpine harsh environments
Authors: Dallo Federico , Zannoni Daniele , Gabrieli Jacopo , Cristofanelli Paolo , Calzolari Francescopiero , de Blasi Fabrizio , Spolaor Andrea , Battistel Dario , Lodi Rachele , Cairns Warren Raymond Lee , Fjæraa Ann Mari , Bonasoni Paolo , Barbante Carlo
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This work presents results from an original open-source low-cost sensor (LCS) system developed to measure tropospheric O3 in a remote high altitude alpine site. Our study was conducted at the Col Margherita Observatory (2543 m above sea level), in the Italian Eastern Alps. The sensor system mounts three commercial low-cost O3/NO2 sensors that have been calibrated before field deployment against a laboratory standard (Thermo Scientific; 49i-PS), calibrated against the standard reference photometer no. 15 calibration scale of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Intra- and intercomparison between the sensors and a reference instrument (Thermo Scientific; 49c) have been conducted for 7 months from May to December 2018. The sensors required an individual calibration, both in laboratory and in the field. The sensor's dependence on the environmental meteorological variables has been considered and discussed. We showed that it is possible to reduce the bias of one LCS by using the average coefficient values of another LCS working in tandem, suggesting a way forward for the development of remote field calibration techniques. We showed that it is possible reconstruct the environmental ozone concentration during the loss of reference instrument data in situations caused by power outages. The evaluation of the analytical performances of this sensing system provides a limit of detection (LOD) <5 ppb (parts per billion), limit of quantification (LOQ) <17 ppb, linear dynamic range (LDR) up to 250 ppb,
intra-Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) up to 0.96, inter-PCC >0.8, bias >3.5 ppb and ±8.5 at 95 % confidence. This first implementation of a LCS system in an alpine remote location demonstrated how to obtain valuable data from a low-cost instrument in a remote environment, opening new perspectives for the adoption of low-cost sensor networks in atmospheric sciences.
The eVe reference polarisation lidar system for Cal/Val of Aeolus L2A product
Authors: Paschou Peristera , Siomos Nikolaos , Tsekeri Alexandra , Louridas Alexandros , Georgoussis George , Freudenthaler Volker , Binietoglou Ioannis , Tsaknakis George , Tavernarakis Alexandros , Evangelatos Christos , von Bismarck Jonas , Kanitz Thomas , Meleti Charikleia , Marinou Eleni , Amiridis Vassilis
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The eVe dual-laser/dual-telescope lidar system is briefly given here, focusing on the optical and mechanical parts of system’s emission and receiver units. The compact design of linear/circular emission unit along with the linear/circular analyser in the receiver unit, allows eVe to simultaneously reproduce the operation of the ALADIN lidar on board Aeolus as well as the operation of a traditional ground-based polarisation lidar system with linear emission. As such, eVe lidar aims to provide: (a) ground reference measurements for the validation of the Aeolus L2A aerosol products, and (b) the atmospheric conditions for which linear polarisation lidar systems can be considered for Aeolus L2A validation, by identifying any possible biases arisen from the different polarisation state in the emission between ALADIN and these systems, and the detection of only the co-polar component of the returned signal from ALADIN for the L2A products retrieval. In addition, a brief description is given concerning the polarisation calibration techniques that are applied in the system, as well as the developed software for the analysis of the collected signals and the retrieval of the optical products. More specifically, the system’s dual configuration enables the retrieval of the optical properties of particle backscatter and extinction coefficients originating from the two different polarisation states of the emission, the linear and circular depolarisation ratios, as well as the direct calculation of the Aeolus like backscatter coefficient, i.e., the backscatter coefficient that Aeolus would measure from ground. Two cases, one with slightly-depolarising particles and one with moderately-depolarising particles, were selected from the first conducted measurements of eVe in Athens, in order to give a glimpse of the system’s capabilities. In the slightly depolarising scene, the Aeolus like backscatter coefficient agrees well with the actual backscatter coefficient, which is also true when non-depolarising particles are present. The agreement however fades out for strongly depolarising scenes, where an underestimation of ~17 % of the Aeolus like backscatter coefficient is observed when moderately-depolarising particles are probed.
Exploring how groundwater buffers the influence of heatwaves on vegetation function during multi-year droughts
Authors: Mu Mengyuan , De Kauwe Martin G. , Ukkola Anna M. , Pitman Andy J. , Guo Weidong , Hobeichi Sanaa , Briggs Peter R.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The co-occurrence of droughts and heatwaves can have
significant impacts on many socioeconomic and environmental systems.
Groundwater has the potential to moderate the impact of droughts and
heatwaves by moistening the soil and enabling vegetation to maintain higher
evaporation, thereby cooling the canopy. We use the Community Atmosphere
Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model, coupled to a groundwater
scheme, to examine how groundwater influences ecosystems under conditions of
co-occurring droughts and heatwaves. We focus specifically on south-east
Australia for the period 2000–2019, when two significant droughts and
multiple extreme heatwave events occurred. We found groundwater plays an
important role in helping vegetation maintain transpiration, particularly in
the first 1–2 years of a multi-year drought. Groundwater impedes
gravity-driven drainage and moistens the root zone via capillary rise. These
mechanisms reduced forest canopy temperatures by up to 5 ∘C during
individual heatwaves, particularly where the water table depth is shallow.
The role of groundwater diminishes as the drought lengthens beyond 2 years
and soil water reserves are depleted. Further, the lack of deep roots or
stomatal closure caused by high vapour pressure deficit or high temperatures
can reduce the additional transpiration induced by groundwater. The capacity
of groundwater to moderate both water and heat stress on ecosystems during
simultaneous droughts and heatwaves is not represented in most global
climate models, suggesting that model projections may overestimate the risk of
these events in the future.
In-situ microphysical characterization of low-level clouds in the Finnish sub-Arctic, extensive dataset
Authors: Doulgeris Konstantinos Matthaios , Lihavainen Heikki , Hyvärinen Anti-Pekka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Brus David
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Continuous, semi-long-term, ground based in-situ cloud measurements were conducted during eight Pallas Cloud Experiments (PaCE) held in autumns between 2004 and 2019. Campaigns were carried out in the Finnish sub-Arctic region at the Sammaltunturi station (67°58′24′′ N, 24°06′58′′ E; 560 m MSL), the part of Pallas Atmosphere – Ecosystem Supersite and Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program. Two cloud spectrometer ground setups and a weather station were installed on the roof of the station to measure in-situ cloud properties and several meteorological variables. Thus, the obtained data sets include the size distribution of cloud droplets as a measured cloud parameter along with the temperature, dew point temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction, (global solar) sun radiation and visibility at the station. Additionally, the number concentration, effective diameter, median volume diameter and liquid water content from each instrument were derived. The presented data sets provide a great insight into microphysics of low-level clouds in sub-Arctic conditions over a wide range of temperatures (includes cloud cases with temperature from -25.8 to 8.8 °C). The data are available from the FMI open data repository for each campaign and each cloud spectrometer ground setup individually: https://doi.org/10.23728/FMI-B2SHARE.988739D21B824C709084E88ED6C6D54B (Doulgeris et al., 2021).
The relative influence of dune aspect ratio and beach width on dune erosion as a function of storm duration and surge level
Authors: Itzkin Michael , Moore Laura J. , Ruggiero Peter , Hacker Sally D. , Biel Reuben G.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Dune height is an important predictor of impact during a storm
event given that taller dunes have a lower likelihood of being overtopped
than shorter dunes. However, the temporal dominance of the wave collision
regime, wherein volume loss (erosion) from the dune occurs through dune
retreat without overtopping, suggests that dune width must also be
considered when evaluating the vulnerability of dunes to erosion. We use
XBeach, a numerical model that simulates hydrodynamic processes, sediment
transport, and morphologic change, to analyze storm-induced dune erosion as
a function of dune aspect ratio (i.e., dune height versus dune width) for
storms of varying intensity and duration. We find that low aspect ratio (low and wide) dunes lose less volume than high aspect ratio (tall and narrow) dunes during longer and more intense storms when the beach width is
controlled for. In managed dune scenarios, where sand fences are used to
construct a “fenced” dune seaward of the existing “natural” dune, we
find that fenced dunes effectively prevent the natural dune behind them from experiencing any volume loss until the fenced dune is sufficiently eroded, reducing the magnitude of erosion of the natural dune by up to 50 %. We then control for dune morphology to assess volume loss as a function of beach width and confirm that beach width exerts a significant influence on dune erosion; a wide beach offers the greatest protection from erosion in all circumstances while the width of the dune determines how long the dune will last under persistent scarping. These findings suggest that efforts to maintain a wide beach may be effective at protecting coastal communities from dune loss. However, a trade-off may exist in maintaining wide beaches and dunes in that the protection offered in the short-term must be considered in concert with potentially long-term detrimental effects of limiting overwash, a process which is critical to maintaining island elevation as sea level rises.
Estimate of energy loss from internal solitary waves breaking on slopes
Authors: Terletska Kateryna , Maderich Vladimir , Talipova Tatiana
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Internal solitary waves (ISW) emerge in the ocean and seas in different forms and break on the shelf zones in a variety of ways. Their breaking on slopes can produce intensive mixing that produces such process as biological productivity and sediment transport. Mechanisms of ISW of depression interaction with the slopes related to breaking and changing polarity as they shoal. We assume that parameters that described the process of interaction of ISW in a two-layer fluid with the idealised shelf-slope are: the non-dimensional wave amplitude α (wave amplitude normalized on the upper layer thickness), the ratio of the height of the bottom layer on the shelf to the incident wave amplitude β and angle γ. Based on three-dimensional αβγ classification diagram with four types of interaction with the slopes it was discussed: (1) ISW propagates over slope without changing polarity and wave breaking; (2) ISW changes polarity over slope without breaking; (3) ISW breaks over slope without changing polarity; (4) ISW both breaks and change polarity over the slope. Relations between the parameters α,β,γ for each regime were obtained using the empirical condition for wave breaking and weakly nonlinear theory for the criterion of changing the polarity of the wave. In the present paper the α,β,γ diagram was validated for idealised real scale topography configurations. Results of the numerical experiments that were carried out in the present paper and results of field and laboratory experiments from other papers are in good agreement with proposed classification and estimations. Based on 85 numerical experiments ISWs energy loss during interaction with slope topography with 0.5° < γ < 90° was estimated. Hot spots zones of high levels of energy loss were shown for idealized configuration that mimics continental shelf at Lufeng Region SCS.
Autonomous methane seep site monitoring offshore Western Svalbard: Hourly to seasonal variability and associated oceanographic parameters
Authors: Dølven Knut Ola , Ferré Bénédicte , Silyakova Anna , Jansson Pär , Linke Peter , Moser Manuel
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Improved quantification techniques of natural sources is needed to explain variations in atmospheric methane. In polar regions, high uncertainties in current estimates of methane release from the seabed remain. We present two unique 10 and 3 months long time-series of bottom water measurements of physical and chemical parameters from two autonomous ocean observatories deployed at separate intense seabed methane seep sites (91 and 246 m depth) offshore Western Svalbard from 2015 to 2016. Results show high short term (100–1000 nmol L-1 within hours) and seasonal variation, as well as higher (2–7 times) methane concentrations compared to previous measurements. Rapid variability is explained by uneven distribution of seepage and changing ocean current directions. No overt influence of tidal hydrostatic pressure or water temperature variations on methane concentration was observed, but an observed negative correlation with temperature at the 246 site fits with hypothesized seasonal blocking of lateral methane pathways in the sediments. Negative correlation between bottom water methane concentration/variability and wind forcing, concomitant with signs of weaker water column stratification, indicates increased potential for methane release to the atmosphere in fall/winter. We highlight uncertainties in methane inventory estimates based on discrete water sampling and present new information about short- and long-term methane variability which can help constrain future estimates of seabed methane seepage.
Very low-frequency IEPE accelerometer calibration and application to a wind energy structure
Authors: Jonscher Clemens , Hofmeister Benedikt , Grießmann Tanja , Rolfes Raimund
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In this work, we present an experimental setup for very low-frequency calibration measurements of low-noise Integrated Electronics Piezo Electric (IEPE) accelerometers and a customised signal conditioner design for using IEPE sensor down to 0.05Hz. AC-response IEPE accelerometer and signal conditioners have amplitude and phase deviations at low frequencies. As the standard calibration procedure in the low-frequency range is technically challenging, IEPE accelerometers with standard signal conditioners are usually used in frequency ranges above 1 Hz. Vibrations on structures with low eigenfrequencies like wind turbines are thus often monitored using DC-coupled micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) capacitive accelerometers. This sensor type suffers from higher noise levels compared to IEPE sensors. To apply IEPE sensors instead of MEMS sensors, in this work the calibration of the entire measurement chain of three different IEPE sensors with the customised signal conditioner is performed with a low-frequency centrifuge. The IEPE sensors are modelled using IIR filters to apply the calibration to time-domain measurement data of a wind turbine support structure. This procedure enables an amplitude and phase-accurate vibration analysis with IEPE sensors in the low-frequency range down to 0.05 Hz.
KOMPOSISI KIMIA, AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI MINYAK ATSIRI AKAR WANGI (Vetiveria zizanoides L)
Authors: Wibowo Diki Prayugo , Aulifa Diah Lia
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa dan mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan, antimikroba minyak atsiri Akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanoides. L). Minyak atsiri diperoleh dengan cara destilasi uap air dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometri massa (KG-SM), aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode DPPH serta aktivitas antibakteri ditentukan dengan metode mikrodilusi. Hasil analisis kromatografi gas-spektrometri massa (KG-SM) menunjukan adanya 43 senyawa dengan kandungan utama yaitu sikloisolongifolena (8,27%), 6-Isopropenil-4,8A-Dimetil-3,5,6,7,8,8A-Hexahidrol-1H-Naf (7,20%), delta cadinena (6,29%), aromedenedradiene (5,98%) dan alfa amorpena (5,45%). Aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan IC50 0,515 Î¼g. mLâˆ’1. Aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap bakteri uji Gram positif dan bakteri Gram negativ dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum minyak atsiri berkisar dari 62, 50 Î¼g. mLâˆ’1 hingga 4000 Î¼g. mLâˆ’1. Kandungan minyak atsiri dari tanaman akar wangi direkomendasikan untuk aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri.

Kata kunci: Antioksidan, antibakteri, komposisi kimia, akar wangi (Vetiveria zizanoides)
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN DEMAM TIFOID DI KABUPATEN GARUT PADA JANUARI-DESEMBER 2017
Authors: Hasyul Sitti Fatimah Putri , Puspitan Tita , Nuari Doni Anshar , Muntaqin Eriyani Putri , Wartini Euis , Eka Mida Yulia
Published: September 2021

Demam tifoid merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella typhi, yang menempati urutan pertama penyakit pada pasien rawat inap di Jawa Barat. Salah satu tata laksana penyakit ini adalah dengan pemberian antibiotik yang penggunaannya perlu dievaluasi untuk menjamin mutu dan efektivitas terapi demam tifoid, meliputi tepat indikasi, obat, dosis, dan lama penggunaan (4T), serta potensi interaksi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien demam tifoid di Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian non eksperimental dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian pada 705 kasus, didapatkan data 96,88% tepat indikasi, 58,27% tepat obat, 63,32% tepat dosis, 49,75% tepat lama pemberian, dan terdapat 2,78% potensi interaksi yang moderat (0,29% secara farmakokinetik dan 2,48% secara farmakodinamik). Antibiotik sefotaksim, seftriakson, dan tiamfenikol merupakan tiga antibiotik terbanyak yang digunakan sebagai pilihan terapi demam tifoid di Kabupaten Garut.

Kata kunci: Antibiotik, demam tifoid, evaluasi penggunaan obat, Kabupaten Garut.
REVIEW MODIFIKASI KELARUTAN PIROKSIKAM
Authors: Islami Ayudyah , Sopyan Iyan , Gozali Dolih , Hairunnisa Hairunnisa
Published: September 2021

Piroksikam, merupakan golongan NSAID, digunakan pada rheumatoid arthritis dan osteoarthritis untuk mengurangi rasa sakit. Waktu paruh piroksikam adalah 24 hingga 48 jam. Berdasarkan Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), piroksikam termasuk dalam kelas II yang memiliki kelarutan air rendah, titik lelehnya 190-200oC, nilai log P 3,06, nilai pKa 6,3, dan Vd 0,14 L / kg. Kelarutan piroksikam ditentukan oleh tingkat ionisasi. Ketika pH diperoleh melalui pKa, terjadi peningkatan kelarutan dan disolusi. Oleh karena itu, modifikasi piroksikam dengan dispersi padat dan teknik kristristalisasi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kelarutan piroksikam dan memfasilitasi formulasi piroksikam menjadi bentuk sediaan yang efektif. Namun, setiap modifikasi memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing yang dapat dipertimbangkan ketika merancang piroksikam menjadi bentuk sediaan.

Kata kunci: kokristal, dispersi padat, piroksikam, kelarutan, disolusi
Balance económico de México y renegociación del Tratado de Libre Comercio
Authors: Díaz-Bautista Alejandro , Corrales Corrales Salvador , Edwards Jim , González Andrade Salvador , Márquez Mondragón Pedro Alberto , Taylor Hansen Lawrence Douglas , Ruiz-Porras Antonio , Anguiano-Pita Javier Emmanuel , Orraca Romano Pedro Paulo , García Meneses Erika , Medina Sánchez Ramón , Díaz González Eliseo , Fuentes Flores Noé Arón , Brugués Rodríguez Alejandro , González-König Gabriel , Manjarrez Pérez Diana
Published: September 2021

Para los países que desde hace tiempo abrieron sus economías y están en la era de la apertura comercial del siglo XXI, como es el caso de México, la coyuntura es especialmente propicia para hacer una evaluación del impacto que han tenido los acuerdos de libre comercio suscritos desde principios de los años noventa del siglo pasado, en especial el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá (TLCAN o NAFTA revisar las lecciones a lo largo de este tiempo, e identificar los desafíos que deben afrontarse en el diseño, la formulación y la ejecución de las políticas públicas relevantes para impulsar tasas elevadas y sostenidas de crecimiento y productividad. Este libro es resultado de la Mesa de Análisis Económico de la Renegociación del TLCAN realizada en El Colegio de la Frontera Norte el 17 de agosto de 2017, al igual que los seminarios de 2017 y 2018 sobre el análisis económico y académico del “Balance económico de México ante la renegociación del TLCAN con los Estados Unidos y Canadá”.
Sentencing for social supply of illicit drugs in Australia
Authors: Bull Melissa , Coomber Ross
Published: September 2021

In Australia, threshold quantities of illicit drugs act as an indicator of supply offences in distinguishing traffickers from users. This is problematic because it can be difficult for the courts to discriminate between heavy users or ‘social suppliers’ and ‘dealers proper’. Currently, there is no systematic analysis of how the judiciary in Australia navigate the relationship between different types of supply and the consistency and proportionality of the sentence applied. This analysis maps out how current sentencing practices respond to offenders involved in ‘social supply’ and ‘minimally commercial supply’ who are charged with drug trafficking. It makes recommendations that could inform future drug law reform, including that review is needed of the system of thresholds; that sentencing objectives of general and specific deterrence be reconsidered in cases of social supply and minimally commercial supply; and that consideration be given to expanding the scope of current diversion programs to accommodate the needs of the types of offenders and offending behaviour addressed in this study.
Information sources utilized by Vermont foodservice businesses during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Blair Henry , Conner David , Cunningham Naomi , Krueger Jessica , Whitehouse Claire
Published: September 2021

Our research team interviewed owners or managers (n ­=10) of commercial (restaurants, caterers, food hubs) and institutional (schools, hospitals) foodservice businesses in Vermont in the summer and fall of 2020 to gather information about their experiences and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article discusses the information sources they utilized to make decisions about operating procedures and business strategies as the pandemic unfolded. Though this is not a comparative analysis to other states, Vermont had strong networks and support systems in place before the onset of COVID-19 that were poised to respond quickly as events unfolded. In addition, these interviews highlighted the importance of both formal and informal information sources, which filled different niches in the information ecosystem.
Mechanical ventilation modes utilization. An international survey of clinicians
Authors: daoud ehab , Yamasaki Kimiyo , Sanderson Ronald , Shokry Mia
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Background There has been an exponential increase in modes of mechanical ventilation over the last couple decades. With this increase, there have been paucity of evidence of which mode is superior to others or much guidance to use a mode in different disease status causing respiratory failure. Methods: An international survey of six questions was posted on the “society of mechanical ventilation” website and advertised on social media over the period of four months. This is a descriptive study, results are presented in two different ways. First as the total modes used and secondly, per the geographical areas as the preferred mode, mode used mostly in ARDS, COPD, and Spontaneous weaning trials. Results: Conventional older modes, Volume-controlled and Pressure-controlled ventilation were used significantly more in general and in different disease states irrespective of geographical location. Four other modes were used almost equally in all disease states irrespective of geographical location. Pressure support ventilation was the most common mode used during the spontaneous breathing trial. Conclusion: There was large heterogenicity of modes used between clinicians in general, in different disease states and in between different international geographical locations. Mechanical ventilation modes utilization varies widely and remains a personal preference with no consensus between clinicians globally. Keywords: Modes of mechanical ventilation, ARDS, COPD, SBT, survey
Práticas de escrita na universidade: vozes de autoria no gênero resenha
Authors: Batista-Santos Dalve Oliveira , Silva Dimas Henrique Pereira de Oliveira
Published: September 2021

A pesquisa em questão teve por objetivo analisar a escrita dos alunos do curso de Letras de uma Universidade Pública do estado do Tocantins, a fim de examinar a forma como estes se assumem autores dos textos produzidos na disciplina de Morfologia do Português, no gênero textual resenha. Esse gênero está na ordem do argumentar (DOLZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004), permitindo ao resenhista agir, tanto em descrição da obra resenhada, quanto em avaliação, ora em um extremo ora em outro. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa apresenta-se situada no paradigma de pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza documental, com uma concepção transgressiva (PENNYCOOK, 2006) de Linguística Aplicada. Os resultados mostraram como os acadêmicos, citam e fazem referências aos textos por meio de elementos linguísticos-discursivos. Ainda, constatamos a funcionalidade dos adjetivos, advérbios e verbos de expressarem posicionamentos do resenhista em relação ao texto-base se dá em correspondência com os verbos selecionados na resenha analisada. 
Palavras-chave: Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo; Novos Estudos do Letramento; Autoria.
Breakeven Point – Instrument in the Company Performance Analysis
Authors:   University of European Studies of Moldova, Deliu Angela
Published: September 2021

In market economy, the purpose of any economic agent is to obtain profit from his economic activity. Profitability is considered a decisive tool for boosting the market economy mechanism, being a form of expressing the economic efficiency of the company to make a profit. Thus, the basic objective of the enterprise is profit and, in order to achieve the proposed goals, it is necessary to perform the analysis and periodic control of the activity, of the economic and financial situation, the state of performance within it. Depending on this, we consider optimal the use of the breakeven point in the performance analysis, an indicator that must be accepted as a financial instrument of analysis and control. In this article will be revealed the essence of the breakeven point, will be presented the importance, its forms of manifestation and calculation methods. A new interpretation in the calculation methods are proposed. Also, some productive situations will be presented depending on the breakeven point
Directions for Improving Pharmaceutical Assistance in the Context of the National Strategy of Quality of Life in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   University of European Political and Economic Studies “Сonstantin Stere”, Republic of Moldova, Causan Corina , Samko Galina ,   "Taras Shevchenko" Prednestrovian State University
Published: September 2021

The health of the population is one of the decisive factors in the economic and social development of the state. The pharmaceutical service is an integral part of the health system. Pharmaceutical assistance aims to ensure the availability and accessibility of the population to effective, harmless and good quality drugs. In this article, the authors try to outline certain directions for improving pharmaceutical care in the Republic of Moldova, analysing international practice. Satisfactory level of public health contributes to economic growth and development of human society. At the same time, the quality of life, from the position of public health, generates physical, psychological and social repercussions of a pathology on the life of the individual
Determining Total Favoring Apportionments Using the General Linear Divisor Method
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Bolun Ion
Published: September 2021

Aspects of total favouring of large or small beneficiaries in proportional apportionments of entities using linear divisor methods (LDM) are discussed in the paper. In this aim, the requirements of apportionments compliance with linear divisor methods’ solution were defined and the conditions of LDM apportionments compliance with the requirements of total favouring large or small beneficiaries were determined. Subsequently, the A1 algorithm for determining the LDM apportionments which totally favour beneficiaries was elaborated. Using A1, calculations for three examples were performed, obtaining: a d’Hondt method’s apportionment which totally favours large beneficiaries, a Sainte-Laguë method’s apportionment which totally favours large beneficiaries and a Dependent linear divisor method’s apportionment which totally favors small beneficiaries. Obtained results confirm the opportunity of using the algorithm A1 for the determining of LDM apportionments which totally favour large beneficiaries or, on the contrary, the small ones.
Historical Benchmarks Regarding Establishment for Public Supervision System of Audit Activity in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Rencheci Diana
Published: September 2021

Public supervision of audit activity in the Republic of Moldova has emerged as a necessity of designing a system to ensure the quality of works performed by professional accountants. The Chamber of Auditors of the Republic of Moldova played an important role in establishing and implementing the system in question. In order to carry out the investigations, the regulations established by the first normative acts regarding the audit supervision in the Republic of Moldova have been analyzed. Analyses of existing practices for exercising public supervision of audit activity in countries in the region have also been performed. The undertaken research allowed the author to reach certain conclusions and proposals on the first experiences regarding the design and implementation of a public system for monitoring and self-regulation of audit activity in the Republic of Moldova.
Ensino Remoto e a Pandemia da Covid-19: experiências e aprendizados
Authors: Jurandir Dutra  , Vitório Guimarães Maria da Glória , Moraes Moraes Ana Flávia
Published: September 2021

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar os aspectos que se constituíram a partir da necessidade de adaptação das atividades presenciais para atividades remotas na Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) durante o distanciamento social causado pela COVID-19. A estratégia utilizada pela UFAM concentrou-se em fornecer acesso temporário aos métodos de ensino-aprendizagem de uma maneira que fosse rápida. Os pesquisadores analisaram a percepção dos alunos matriculados em três disciplinas, componentes da matriz curricular do curso de Administração. Todas foram ofertadas por meio do Google Classroom, dispondo de aulas síncronas – mediadas pelo Google Meet –, cujo planejamento oscilou em torno de 40% a 50% da carga horária matricial. Ademais, foram adotados grupos de WhatsApp com o intuito de se atingir uma comunicação mais rápida e eficiente. Pôde-se identificar um ambiente de cooperação entre os discentes; muitos relatos positivos quanto aos docentes e expectativas atendidas. Além disso, um elevado índice de aprovação também foi observado. Destaca-se que existem problemas e dificuldades a serem resolvidos em relação à utilização das tecnologias no processo educacional, porém é inegável que tais tecnologias contribuíram com práticas mais colaborativas e relações mais horizontais entre professores e alunos no Ensino Superior.
Formação Docente Decolonial em tempos de pandemia da COVID19: estratégias da tutoria presencial no curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual de Goiás
Authors: De Oliveira Domingos Cleverson , Pereira e Lopes Izabela
Published: September 2021

Esse artigo apresenta um relato de experiência sobre duas estratégias desenvolvidas pelas tutorias presenciais do Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia à distância, da Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), para superar a suspensão dos encontros presenciais em 2020 em razão da pandemia da COVID-19. No polo de Águas Lindas de Goiás (GO), foi desenvolvida a metodologia da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) com o uso do WhatsApp, e no polo de Catalão-GO foram realizadas duas webconferência com especialista por meio do Google Meet. As atividades tiveram como objetivo introduzir reflexões decoloniais na formação de pedagogos. Por intermédio dessas experiências, os acadêmicos conheceram a perspectiva decolonial e refletiram sobre seus papéis na desconstrução de visões etnocêntricas sobre os povos negros e indígenas. Foi possível verificar que o trabalho colaborativo na tutoria é capaz de gerar resultados positivos e imprevistos, potencializando aprendizagens e formando uma verdadeira comunidade de aprendizagem em rede.
The Golden Triangle of Southeast China: Another Carlin Trend?
Authors: Wilde Andy
Published: September 2021

Editor’s note: This article is an expanded version of The Golden Triangle of SE China: Potential for another Carlin trend, which appeared in the inaugural SGEG Newsletter (July 2003, no. 1) published by the Special Group in Economic Geology at Monash University. Andy Wilde’s paper provides an interesting complement to the current special issue (98-6) of Economic Geology, which focuses on gold deposits of the Carlin trend in northern Nevada.
Covid 19. La pandemia, el derecho a la salud en Ecuador y Venezuela
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Romero Chico Rosa Angélica , Pascucci Stelluto Dante Pino ,   Universidad De Los Andes
Published: September 2021

The object of study at work is the state of the right to health of the Ecuadorian and Venezuelan population affected by the COVID 19 disease. The objective is to carry out a review process of the legal treatment given in Ecuador and Venezuela, being the different legal framework in the business application since in Ecuador specific management is contemplated through the area of occupational safety and health at work. Within the analysis of comparative law, a method applied in this study in which hermeneutical interpretation of legal texts is made, it is evident that the Constitutions of both countries are similar insofar as they correspond to the type of Constitutions that guarantee human rights, particularly those of social character, while the management models and the use of the information and communication media are radicall. Keywords: law, human rights health, pandemic, occupational health.
El desarrollo social sostenible: un análisis desde la gestión enfocada en la socioformación
Authors:   Universidad Tecnológica Indoamerica, Freire Ruíz Alexandra Soledad
Published: September 2021

Currently there is no balance between social, economic and environmental progress due to the individualistic thinking of the new generations, therefore, it is essential to draw a route to potentiate social progress that seeks the balance for sustainable social development that finds well-being for all. The goals should focus on the active involvement of people, companies, and the different actors that surround us as higher education institutions. This will allow facing great challenges and efficiently preparing future professionals who are preparing in universities in order to achieve true sustainable social development in a transversal way throughout university management. Keywords: development, management, social, socioformation, sustainable.