bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of Measurement and Evaluation Procedure of Particle State in Atmospheric Plasma Spraying
Authors: Hudomalj Uroš , Fallahi Sichani Ehsan , Weiss Lukas , Nabavi Majid , Wegener Konrad
Published: November 2022

In-flight particle state parameters (PSPs) have been shown to play a crucial role in determining the properties of atmospheric plasma-sprayed coatings. Therefore, PSPs are frequently measured before starting a coating run as part of process control. This paper shows the importance of the measurement procedure used and subsequent data processing applied for the evaluation of PSPs, with the focus on process control applications. The paper demonstrates this on the example of coating of yttria-stabilized zirconia, using a commercially available sensor system Accuraspray-G3C for measuring the ensemble particle temperatures and velocities as descriptors of the PSPs. Experimental results show a longer stabilization time of the particle jet than what is practically considered, revealing the need for an appropriate choice of the measurement procedure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that information about PSPs can be acquired also during the coating run by periodically moving the coating gun to a stationary sensor system only for a short measurement duration. Lastly, it is shown how different data processing methods affect the evaluation of the acquired PSPs.
Proteomics and photosynthetic apparatus response to vermicompost attenuation of salinity stress Vicia faba leaves
Authors: Tammam Amel , El-Aggan Weam , Helaly Amira , Badr Ghadah , El-Dakak Rehab
Published: November 2022

Crop production and growth are severely affected by salt stress. Nevertheless, the bio-fertilizer vermicompost (VC) can be participated as a potent inhibitor of salinity on plant growth and crop production by regulating photosynthetic efficiency. We investigated the effect of VC on photosynthetic performance of salt-stressed broad bean (Vicia faba L. Aspani cultivar). Seeds were grown in soil mixture; clay and sand in ratio 1:2 by volume with five different volumetric ratios of VC; 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% irrigated with either water and/or 200 mM NaCl. Leaf area, Na and K contents, chlorophylls, photosystem II efficiency, Rubisco content, soluble sugars, chloroplasts’ organization and proteomics were analyzed. The imposed stress decrease leaf area, chlorophyll contents, maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), Rubisco content, increase soluble sugars and damage chloroplasts organization. Salinity upregulated glucose-1-phosphate adenylyl transferase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit and chloroplastic peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase. The increased leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, Rubisco content, improving the degeneration of thylakoid lamellae and lessening plastoglobuli number in thylakoid membranes are the major benefits attained with vermicompost treatments under salt stress.

Analysis of proteomic revealed that VC upregulated chloroplastic ferredoxin–NADP reductase, plastocyanin, polyphenol oxidase, peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase, alpha-glucan phosphorylase H isozyme and maturase expression under salt stress. The results suggest that VC controls protein expression at the level of transcriptional and translational which may conserve photosynthetic components and prevent salt-induced harmful effects in broad bean plants.
An older patient with active ulcerative colitis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia successfully treated with the combination of anti-TNFα therapy and azathioprine
Authors: Yamakawa Tsukasa , Ishigami Keisuke , Ohwada Sae , Kazama Tomoe , Hirayama Daisuke , Yoshii Shinji , Yamano Hiro-o , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

A 77-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) was transferred to our department because of worsening bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain, which was consistent with a UC flare. Two days after admission, she complained of cough and high fever. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was positive, and a computed tomography showed pneumonia in the left lobe, consistent with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. However, frequent bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain due to the UC flare persisted; therefore, an additional immunosuppressive agent needed to be considered. We initiated infliximab biosimilar (IFX-BS), and her abdominal symptoms improved. However, they deteriorated after the second IFX-BS infusion. After confirming that the patient was negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, we administered a combination of azathioprine and IFX-BS. The combination treatment improved her intestinal symptoms without worsening COVID-19 pneumonia. She has remained in remission for over a year since her discharge.
Humanising and dehumanising pigs in genomic and transplantation research
Authors: Lowe James W. E.
Published: November 2022

Biologists who work on the pig (Sus scrofa) take advantage of its similarity to humans by constructing the inferential and material means to traffic data, information and knowledge across the species barrier. Their research has been funded due to its perceived value for agriculture and medicine. Improving selective breeding practices, for instance, has been a driver of genomics research. The pig is also an animal model for biomedical research and practice, and is proposed as a source of organs for cross-species transplantation: xenotransplantation. Genomics research has informed transplantation biology, which has itself motivated developments in genomics. Both have generated models of correspondences between the genomes of pigs and humans. Concerning genomics, I detail how researchers traverse species boundaries to develop representations of the pig genome, alongside ensuring that such representations are sufficiently porcine. In transplantation biology, the representations of the genomes of humans and pigs are used to detect and investigate immunologically-pertinent differences between the two species. These key differences can then be removed, to ‘humanise’ donor pigs so that they can become a safe and effective source of organs. In both of these endeavours, there is a tension between practices that ‘humanise’ the pig (or representations thereof) through using resources from human genomics, and the need to ‘dehumanise’ the pig to maintain distinctions for legal, ethical and scientific reasons. This paper assesses the ways in which this tension has been managed, observing the differences between its realisations across comparative pig genomics and transplantation biology, and considering the consequences of this.
A Constitutional Ethnography of Monarchy: Buddhist Kingship, “Granted Constitutionalism,” and Royal State Ceremonies in Thailand
Authors: Mérieau Eugénie
Published: November 2022

This paper defines constitutional ethnography as the cultural study of constitutionalism through its symbolic representations. By focusing on the materiality of constitutionalism as embodied in various state ceremonies such as ceremonies of “royal octroy” (constitution-granting ceremonies) as well as in state monuments honouring the Constitution, it strives to offer an ethnography of a polity’s constitutional identity. In this paper, I argue that in Thailand, Westernized Hindu-Buddhist state ceremonies and monuments using Westernized Hindu-Buddhist symbolism represent the Thai monarch as the ultimate law-giver holding permanent “constituent power” and therefore yielding extra-constitutional customary powers pre-existing the Constitution. This representation, in turn, informs Thai constitutional identity as defined incrementally by courts and jurists since the early twentieth century, which in turn informs present Thai constitutional interpretation. Therefore, this paper argues that the study of state ceremonies can be a useful entry point into the analysis of a “constitutional culture” shaping modes of constitutional interpretation.
Communication politique et symbolique vestimentaire au Cameroun : cas de l’élection présidentielle de 2018
Authors: Bombela Bombela Jean Daniel
Published: November 2022

La communication politique conventionnelle occulte l’usage des symboles culturels de l’apparence que sont les vêtements lors des campagnes électorales. Or le vêtement est incorporé à l’œuvre de conquête et de conservation du pouvoir politique du fait de son potentiel de séduction. En prenant pour site d’observation la campagne pour l’élection présidentielle camerounaise d’octobre 2018, cet article entreprend de rendre intelligible le comportement vestimentaire des candidats. Les données de cette étude sont issues d’une observation participante lors de meetings et de l’analyse des affiches de campagnes de cette élection. Il en ressort que le vêtement est un média de l’expression de la personnalité et des stratégies de séduction des candidats qui agit davantage comme unstimulide la mobilisation que comme un déterminant du vote.
COHOMOLOGY OF THE BRUHAT–TITS STRATA IN THE UNRAMIFIED UNITARY RAPOPORT–ZINK SPACE OF SIGNATURE
Authors: MULLER JOSEPH
Published: November 2022

In their renowned paper (2011,Inventiones Mathematicae184, 591–627), I. Vollaard and T. Wedhorn defined a stratification on the special fiber of the unitary unramified PEL Rapoport–Zink space with signature$(1,n-1)$. They constructed an isomorphism between the closure of a stratum, called a closed Bruhat–Tits stratum, and a Deligne–Lusztig variety which is not of classical type. In this paper, we describe the$\ell $-adic cohomology groups over$\overline {{\mathbb Q}_{\ell }}$of these Deligne–Lusztig varieties, where$\ell \not = p$. The computations involve the spectral sequence associated with the Ekedahl–Oort stratification of a closed Bruhat–Tits stratum, which translates into a stratification by Coxeter varieties whose cohomology is known. Eventually, we find out that the irreducible representations of the finite unitary group which appear inside the cohomology contribute to only two different unipotent Harish-Chandra series, one of them belonging to the principal series.
Detecting the Laramide event in southern Mexico by means of apatite fission-track thermochronology
Authors: Florez-Amaya Sandra Lorena , Abdullin Fanis , Bedoya Alejandra , Maldonado Roberto , Milián de la Cruz Ricardo Enrique , Solari Luigi , Solé Jesús , Ortega-Obregón Carlos
Published: November 2022

In this study, we present apatite fission-track results obtained for ten rock samples collected from three different areas across the Sierra Madre del Sur, southern Mexico. The central objective of our study is the timing of the exhumation event that took place in southern Mexico during Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene time. The thermochronometric data obtained during this work indicate that a Late Cretaceous–Eocene cooling is recorded within the Sierra Madre del Sur, and this is interpreted as resulting from exhumation, an orogenic event that is contemporaneous with the Laramide sensu lato (or the Mexican Orogeny). The fission-track ages become younger from west to east across the Sierra Madre del Sur, whereas the cooling rates also increased in the same direction approximately during Campanian–middle Eocene time. Here, we suggest that the activity of the major fault systems of southern Mexico, such as the Caltepec and the Oaxaca faults, played a primary role in the development of geological structures and the exhumation of the Sierra Madre del Sur. Active magmatism during the evolution of the Mexican Orogen implicates the subducted Farallon slab as the main driver of crustal thickening. Moreover, the possible influence of the eastward movement of the Chortis Block on the deformation of the Sierra Madre del Sur cannot be ruled out.
Microscopic scales of linear tearing modes: a tutorial on boundary layer theory for magnetic reconnection
Authors: Betar H. , Del Sarto D. , Ottaviani M. , Ghizzo A.
Published: November 2022

We revise in detail and in a pedagogical way the analysis of the boundary layer theory of warm tearing modes in slab, reduced magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), when magnetic reconnection is driven by electron inertia and/or resistivity, and ion-sound Larmor radius effects are included. By comparison with the numerical solution of the corresponding eigenvalue problem, we interpret these results by means of a heuristic approach, which in the warm-electron regime, we show to be in general not feasible without knowledge of the scaling of the gradient of the magnetic flux function, differently from what happens in the cold-electron regimes. We put in evidence for a non-trivial relation between the first derivative of the magnetic flux function and of the velocity parallel to the neutral line, evaluated in its proximity, by thus providing insight to the multiple boundary layer analysis that Pegoraro & Schep (Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, vol. 28, 1986, p. 647) first showed to be required in warm-tearing regimes. In this way, we also suggest and justify a general operational definition of the reconnecting layer width and we discuss the linear appearance of microscopic scales related to the gradients of the eigenfunctions of the tearing modes.
Trans-fat labelling information on prepackaged foods and beverages sold in Hong Kong in 2019
Authors: Cheng Christopher Chi Wai , Wu Jason HY , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu
Published: November 2022

Objective:

To examine the labelling status of trans-fat of pre-packaged foods sold in Hong Kong.

Design:

Data from 19 027 items in the 2019 FoodSwitch Hong Kong database were used. Ingredient lists were screened to identify specific (e.g. partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, PHVO) and non-specific trans-fat ingredient indicators (e.g. hydrogenated oil). Trans-fat content was obtained from the on-pack nutrition labels, which was converted into proportion of total fat (%total fat). Descriptive statistics were calculated for trans-fat content and the number of specific, non-specific and total trans-fat ingredients indicators found on the ingredients lists. Comparisons were made between regions using one-way ANOVA and χ2 for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Setting:

Cross-sectional audit.

Participants:

Not applicable.

Results:

A total of 729 items (3·8 % of all products) reported to contain industrially produced trans-fat, with a median of 0·4 g/100 g or 100 ml (interquartile range (IQR): 0·1–0·6) and 1·2 %totalfat (IQR: 0·6–2·9). ‘Bread and bakery products’ had the highest proportion of items with industrially produced trans-fat (18·9 %). ‘Non-alcoholic beverages’ had the highest proportion of products of ‘false negatives’ labelling (e.g. labelled as 0 trans-fat but contains PHVO; 59·3 %). The majority of products with trans-fat indicator originated from Asia (70 %).

Conclusions:

According to the labelling ∼4 % of pre-packaged food and beverages sold in Hong Kong in 2019 contained industrially produced trans-fat, and a third of these had trans-fat >2 %total fat. The ambiguous trans-fat labelling in Hong Kong may not effectively assist consumers in identifying products free from industrially produced trans-fat.
Transversal Harm, Regulation, and the Tolerance of Oil Disasters
Authors: Kotsakis Andreas , Boukli Avi
Published: November 2022

Law – through regulation, criminalization and litigation – provides key mechanisms for mitigating the harmful effects of oil disasters. At the same time, these mechanisms also enable the perpetuation of oil disasters under an extractivist imperative. This disaster tolerance is the point of departure for this article's examination of the legal response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster over the last decade. Based on a methodology that combines a social harm approach with the political ecology of Felix Guattari, we firstly present a reconceptualization of harm inflicted by oil corporations across three registers: environment, society, and subjectivity. We subsequently introduce the concept of transversal harm, which allows us to move beyond the criminal and civil damage of corporate crime and negligence and to capture the collective and continuous impact of oil extractivism, as opposed to the exceptional impact of oil disasters. Transversal harm opens new avenues for assigning corporate responsibility and reducing disaster tolerance as the by-product of environmental law.
Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP) in der psychiatrischen Pflege in Deutschland
Authors: Weidling Katja , Herwig Gitte , Ayerle Gertrud M.
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Anforderungen einer qualitativ hochwertigen Pflegepraxis in der sich stetig verändernden psychiatrischen Versorgungslandschaft rechtfertigen die Integration von Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs). In der Literatur sind APNs in psychiatrischen Kontexten facettenreich beschrieben. Je nach Versorgungskontext zeigen sich individuelle Ausprägungen. Forschungslücken bestehen unter anderem hinsichtlich der tatsächlichen klinischen Ausgestaltung. Fragestellung: Wie gestaltet sich das Phänomen ANP in der klinischen psychiatrischen Praxis in Deutschland? Methoden: Zwischen April und Oktober 2019fanden problemzentrierte Interviews mit drei APNs aus unterschiedlichen psychiatrischen Kliniken statt. Zur Analyse und Interpretation diente die Angewandte Phänomenologie. Ergebnisse: Soft Skills und Clinical Leadership sind zentrale Kompetenzen, um als psychiatrische APN in der klinischen Praxis das eigene Potenzial entfalten zu können. Ausgeprägte Lebens- und Berufserfahrungen stellen weitere entscheidende Wirkfaktoren dar. Schlussfolgerung: Um die facettenreiche Tätigkeit als psychiatrische APN wirksam gestalten zu können, bedarf es (neben Fach- und Methodenkompetenz auf Masterniveau) ausgeprägter Soft Skills und Clinical-Leadership-Kompetenzen. Eine curriculare Weiterentwicklung der hochschulischen Ausbildungen ist notwendig. Die Etablierung der APN-Rolle in der Praxis ist von der Entscheidung des Pflegemanagements abhängig. Die Bereitschaft des Managements, sich konsequent neuen Versorgungsstrukturen zu öffnen, ist erforderlich.
Metabolische Tumorbildgebung bei muskosalen Kopf- und Hals-Karzinomen
Authors: Morand Grégoire B.
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Fluordesoxyglucose mit Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie in Kombination mit Computertomografie oder Magnetresonanztomografie (FDG-PET) hat sich zu einer wichtigen Diagnose- und Staging-Methode beim Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinom entwickelt. Einige betrachten FDG-PET lediglich als ein Werkzeug, das Krebszellen als helle Flecken auf der Bildgebung darstellen kann. Die Quantifizierung der FDG-Aufnahme kann jedoch als Surrogatmarker für die Aggressivität eines Tumors verwendet werden. Im Weiteren kann sie das Therapieansprechen auf Radio(chemo)therapie vorhersagen. Die FDG-Aufnahme kann auch wichtige Information für chirurgisch wichtige Endpunkte wie Infiltrationstiefe, Vorhandensein von okkulten Lymphknotenmetastasen oder Knocheninvasion bei Mundhöhlenkarzinom und/oder Organerhalt bei Hypopharynxkarzinom liefern.
CME Rheumatologie 26: Knochenmarködem im Iliosakralgelenk = Spondyloarthritis? Was die Hausärztin/der Hausarzt wissen sollte CME-Fragen
Authors: Micheroli Raphael , Tamborrini Giorgio , Studler Ueli
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die axiale Spondyloarthritis ist eine chronische entzündliche Gelenkserkrankung mit hauptsächlicher Beteiligung der Iliosakralgelenke (ISG) und der Wirbelsäule. Die Diagnose kann dank akut entzündlicher Veränderungen der ISG in der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRI) früh gestellt werden. Die Röntgenaufnahmen der ISG helfen in der Frühdiagnose nur in Einzelfällen, da strukturelle Schäden erst in einem fortgeschrittenen Stadium auf dem Röntgenbild erkennbar werden. In den vergangenen Jahren zeigten mehrere Studien, dass Knochenmarködeme – hyperintense Signale (= helle Stellen) als mögliches MR-tomografisches Korrelat für eine Entzündung – nicht spezifisch bei axialer Spondyloarthritis vorkommen, sondern auch bei Gesunden, Athleten, Personen mit hoher mechanischer Belastung (z.B. Militärrekruten) und postpartalen Frauen zu sehen sind. Die Diagnose einer axialen Spondyloarthritis sollte deshalb nie nur aufgrund eines MRI-Befundes allein gestellt werden, sondern muss immer den klinischen Gesamtkontext mit einbeziehen.
The Relation Between Attitude Certainty and the Privacy Paradox in	the Context of Fitness Applications
Authors: Klausing Susanne
Published: November 2022

Abstract: The privacy paradox, indicating that individuals act contrary to their privacy preferences (i.e., attitudes, concerns) when disclosing data in online environments, has received much attention. While the general notion has largely been refuted, contextual factors can still coax individuals into acting contrary to their privacy preferences. In this study, I introduce attitude certainty as a possible contextual factor and argue that the correspondence between privacy attitudes and data disclosure decreases if people are less certain about whether or not to disclose personal data online. To this end, I conducted an online study ( N = 361) on the association between privacy attitudes and online disclosure behavior in the context of fitness application usage. Results indicated no evidence of paradoxical online disclosure behavior, as privacy attitudes generally strongly predicted data sharing. The study provided a first indication that lower attitude certainty is associated with a lower correspondence between attitudes toward data disclosure and online disclosure behavior. For one of four types of data studied, it was found that individuals who were less certain in their attitudes toward privacy were more likely to deviate from their attitudes in online disclosure. Hence, it seems that attitude certainty can be further explored as a potential contextual factor when studying online disclosure behavior and the role of privacy.
Moral Tipping Points
Authors: Francemone C. Joseph , Matthews Nicholas L.
Published: November 2022

Abstract: We examined how morality subcultures moderate judgments of a narrative character’s behavior along the moral continuum. Using the moral continuum procedure (MCP) across two studies ( Matthews, 2019 ), we identify the point along the moral continuum where trait moral salience (i.e., one’s sensitivity to different moral foundations) begins to influence moral judgments. Findings indicate that trait moral salience does not influence judgments of less immoral behaviors (i.e., behaviors that fall along the beginning the continuum). However, trait moral salience does impact judgments of more immoral behaviors (i.e., behaviors that fall on the latter half of the continuum), in a pattern consistent with past research. Our data imply that a moral tipping point along the continuum exists, where moral judgments shift from moral consensus (i.e., a general uniformity in moral judgments) to moral disagreement (i.e., divergence in judgement caused by individual differences in trait moral salience). We posit that dynamic coordination theory’s conceptualization of common knowledge helps explain the observed tipping point. Thus, the current project contributes toward extant media theorizing ( Tamborini et al., 2012 ) by specifying how morality subcultures function along a moral continuum.
Comment on “Estimates on the Frequency of Volcanic Eruptions on Venus” by Byrne and Krishnamoorthy (2022)
Authors: van Zelst Iris
Published: November 2022

Byrne and Krishnamoorthy (2022), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007040 estimated the frequency of volcanic eruptions on Venus by scaling the eruption frequency obtained from a database containing Earth data. In reproducing their study, I found that the estimated number of new and ongoing volcanic eruptions on Venus in a given year is approximately 42, instead of the previously reported 120 eruptions. This updated estimate of Byrne and Krishnamoorthy (2022) based on the assumption that data from Earth can be scaled to Venus is an important step toward quantifying volcanism on Venus. However, it is important to note that in this estimate, the amount of volcanism associated with rifting is underestimated and subduction‐related volcanism is overestimated. The annual volcanic flux on Venus resultant from the estimated amount of volcanic eruptions aligns with previous estimates of Venus' volcanic flux based on, for example, chemical reaction times and geological mapping. Applying the same method of estimating volcanic eruption frequency to the other terrestrial planets in the Solar System indicates that the Earth scaling method is perhaps not universally applicable, especially concerning bodies with vastly different tectonic regimes.
Shadow Spaces for Water Stress Adaptation: Supplemental Irrigation Application in Rainfed Fig Production
Authors: Sharifzadeh M. , Kamgar‐Haghighi A. A. , Sepaskhah A. R. , Honar T. , Ahmadvand M. , Abdolahipour M. , Kamyab Sh. , Khosrozadeh M.
Published: November 2022

The horticultural management of rainfed fig orchards under water stress conditions has developed using supplemental irrigation (SI) strategy. Diffusion of SI technology requires dealing with orchardists’ demands. The aim of this descriptive survey research was to investigate factors contributing to the SI application by fig growers under semi‐arid conditions. Orchard‐system, demographic features, attitudinal patterns, and economic characteristics of fig growers were assessed to identify the characteristics that lead to, or detract from SI application adoption, when rainfall is insufficient for normal plant growth. The sampling frame contained 377 out of 7,530 fig orchard addresses in Estahban region, southern Iran. Results revealed that higher yield, fruit quality including fruit size (as an indicator for fruit weight), and color of fig fruit were the most important components influencing fig growers’ perception of SI usefulness. SI technology adopters and non‐adopters indicated statistically different results in terms of average income and number of trees. The current research can benefit policymakers, researchers, farmers, water associations, etc. in determining the appropriate supplemental irrigation amount and time, and will be of significant value in water supply planning and higher agricultural productivity, considering the limited water resources.
Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypertension endorsed by the American Autonomic Society and the Japanese Society of Hypertension
Authors: Jordan Jens , Biaggioni Italo , Kotsis Vasilios , Nilsson Peter , Grassi Guido , Fedorowski Artur , Kario Kazuomi
Published: November 2022

We propose a consensus definition of “an exaggerated orthostatic pressor response” in subjects in whom systolic blood pressure increases ≥20 mmHg when going from the supine to standing posture. This definition can be extended for seated to standing measurements. We reserve the term “orthostatic hypertension” if this pressor response leads to an upright systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg. We believe this consensus definition will help in the study of the pathophysiology, clinical impact, and potential treatment of these entities, and the identification of patients that are at greater cardiovascular risk.
Structural informatic study of determined and AlphaFold2 predicted molecular structures of 13 human solute carrier transporters and their water-soluble QTY variants
Authors: Smorodina Eva , Diankin Igor , Tao Fei , Qing Rui , Yang Steve , Zhang Shuguang
Published: November 2022

Solute carrier transporters are integral membrane proteins, and are important for diverse cellular nutrient transports, metabolism, energy demand, and other vital biological activities. They have recently been implicated in pancreatic cancer and other cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, programmed cell death and proliferation, cell metabolism and chemo-sensitivity. Here we report the study of 13 human solute carrier membrane transporters using the highly accurate AlphaFold2 predictions of 3D protein structures. In the native structures, there are hydrophobic amino acids leucine (L), isoleucine (I), valine (V) and phenylalanine (F) in the transmembrane alpha-helices. These hydrophobic amino acids L, I, V, F are systematically replaced by hydrophilic amino acids glutamine (Q), threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y), thus the QTY code. Therefore, these QTY variant transporters become water-soluble without requiring detergents. We present the superposed structures of these native solute carrier transporters and their water-soluble QTY variants. The superposed structures show remarkable similarity with RMSD ~ 1 Å–< 3 Å despite > 46% protein sequence substitutions in transmembrane alpha-helices. We also show the differences of surface hydrophobicity between the native solute carrier transporters and their QTY variants. Our study may further stimulate designs of water-soluble transmembrane proteins and other aggregated proteins for drug discovery and biotechnological applications.
Reconstruction of 3D topographic landscape in soft X-ray fluorescence microscopy through an inverse X-ray-tracing approach based on multiple detectors
Authors: Ippoliti Matteo , Billè Fulvio , Karydas Andreas G. , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Kourousias George
Published: November 2022

The study of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) emission spectra is a powerful technique used in applications that range from biology to cultural heritage. Key objectives of this technique include identification and quantification of elemental traces composing the analyzed sample. However, precise derivation of elemental concentration is often hampered by self-absorption of the XRF signal emitted by light constituents. This attenuation depends on the amount of sample present between the radiation source and detection system and allows for the exploitation of self-absorption in order to recover a sample topography. In this work, an X-ray-tracing application based on the use of multiple silicon drift detectors, is introduced to inversely reconstruct a 3D sample with correct topographical landscape, from 2D XRF count rates maps obtained from spectroscopy. The reconstruction was tested on the XRF maps of a simulated sample, which is composed of three cells with different size but similar composition. We propose to use the recovered 3D sample topography in order to numerically compute the self-absorption effects on the X-ray fluorescence radiation, thereby showing that a quantitative correction is possible. Lastly, we present a web application which implements the suggested methodology, in order to demonstrate its feasibility and applicability, available at: https://github.com/ElettraSciComp/xrfstir.
A methodological review with meta-epidemiological analysis of preclinical systematic reviews with meta-analyses
Authors: Simon-Tillaux Noémie , Gerard Anne-Laure , Rajendrabose Deivanes , Tubach Florence , Dechartres Agnès
Published: November 2022

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been proposed as an approach to synthesize the literature and counteract the lack of power of small preclinical studies. We aimed to evaluate (1) the methodology of these reviews, (2) the methodological quality of the studies they included and (3) whether study methodological characteristics affect effect size. We searched MEDLINE to retrieve 212 systematic reviews with meta-analyses of preclinical studies published from January, 2018 to March, 2020. Less than 15% explored the grey literature. Selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate in less than two thirds of reviews. Most of them assessed the methodological quality of included studies and reported the meta-analysis model. The risk of bias of included studies was mostly rated unclear. In meta-epidemiological analysis, none of the study methodological characteristics was associated with effect size. The methodological characteristics of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of recently published preclinical studies seem to have improved as compared with previous assessments, but the methodological quality of included studies remains poor, thus limiting the validity of their results. Our meta-epidemiological analysis did not show any evidence of a potential association between methodological characteristics of included studies and effect size.
Alcohol use patterns and risk of incident cataract surgery: a large scale case–control study in Japan
Authors: Fukai Kota , Terauchi Ryo , Furuya Yuko , Sano Kei , Nakazawa Shoko , Kojimahara Noriko , Hoshi Keika , Nakano Tadashi , Toyota Akihiro , Tatemichi Masayuki
Published: November 2022

To examine the risk of incident cataract surgery associated with alcohol use patterns among Japanese adults. This was a case–control study evaluating 14,861 patients with incident cataract surgery and 14,861 matched controls. Subjects admitted to any of the 34 hospitals in Japan and aged between 40 and 69 years were included. Drinking patterns (drinking frequency, daily average drinks, and total amount of lifetime drinking), smoking history, lifestyle-related comorbidities, and occupational factors were surveyed by trained interviewers. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. For drinking frequency, ORs in the 1–3 days/week and 4–7 days/week groups were 1.10 (95% CI 1.03–1.17) and 1.30 (1.21–1.40), respectively. For average drinks, ORs in > 0–2 drinks/day, > 2–4 drinks/day, and > 4 drinks/day were 1.13 (1.06–1.20), 1.23 (1.12–1.35), and 1.16 (1.03–1.31), respectively. Both men and women had an increased risk of incident cataract surgery with increased total lifetime drinking, with a significant increase in risk occurring at > 90 drink-years for men and > 40 drink-years for women. A positive dose–response relationship was observed between alcohol consumption and cataract. Restricted drinking may help to reduce the progression of cataracts.
The prevalence of cardiac complications and their impact on outcomes in patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Lång Maarit , Jakob Stephan M. , Takala Riikka , Lyngbakken Magnus N. , Turpeinen Anu , Omland Torbjørn , Merz Tobias M. , Wiegand Jan , Grönlund Juha , Rahi Melissa , Valtonen Mika , Koivisto Timo , Røsjø Helge , Bendel Stepani
Published: November 2022

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious condition, and a myocardial injury or dysfunction could contribute to the outcome. We assessed the prevalence and prognostic impact of cardiac involvement in a cohort with SAH. This is a prospective observational multicenter study. We included 192 patients treated for non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. We performed ECG recordings, echocardiographic examinations, and blood sampling within 24 h of admission and on days 3 and 7 and at 90 days. The primary endpoint was the evidence of cardiac involvement at 90 days, and the secondary endpoint was to examine the prevalence of a myocardial injury or dysfunction. The median age was 54.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 48.0–64.0) years, 44.3% were male and the median World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) score was 2 (IQR 1–4). At day 90, 22/125 patients (17.6%) had left ventricular ejection fractions ≤ 50%, and 2/121 patients (1.7%) had evidence of a diastolic dysfunction as defined by mitral peak E-wave velocity by peak eʹ velocity (E/eʹ) > 14. There was no prognostic impact from echocardiographic evidence of cardiac complications on neurological outcomes. The overall prevalence of cardiac dysfunction was modest. We found no demographic or SAH-related factors associated with 90 days cardiac dysfunction.
A validated geomechanical model for the strike-slip restraining bend in Lebanon
Authors: Fedorik Jakub , Maesano Francesco E. , Afifi Abdulkader M.
Published: November 2022

Most of the methodologies used to validate complex strike-slip structures mainly rely on comparison with other well-known geological features or analogue laboratory models. This study adopts an approach based on the boundary element method at the regional scale to test the structural interpretation of a complex transpressional mountain range. Lebanon restraining bend represents the most prominent topographic transpressional feature along the Dead Sea Transform (DST). It consists of two mountain ranges: the Mount Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon ranges. We built a 3D geometrical model of the fault surfaces based on previously studied natural examples, structural maps, satellite images, DEM interpretation and experimental analogue models of restraining bend or transpressional structures. Using a boundary element method, we modelled fault deformation response to the regional stress field. The simulation accurately predicts the shape and magnitude of positive and negative topographic changes and fault slip directions throughout the study area. We propose an original approach, which uses implementation of well-known fault geometries, surface and subsurface data, for structural validation in the complex strike-slip domain. Our results, validated by structural evidences, highlight that various structural styles lead to formation of Mt. Lebanon, Anti-Lebanon and Palmyrides structures. Furthermore, this simulation supports the hypothesis that the restraining bend of the DST formed in the widespread crustal weakness zone developed in the Late Jurassic to Early Createceous. We also propose recent Neogene tectonic evolution of the region based on our modelling and integrated with published U/Pb dating of fault zones and tectonostratigraphic evidence.
Angiopoietin-like 2 is essential to aortic valve development in mice
Authors: Labbé Pauline , Munoz Goyette Victoria , Thorin-Trescases Nathalie , Villeneuve Louis , Desanlis Ines , Delwarde Constance , Shi Yan-Fen , Martel Cécile , Yu Carol , Alikashani Azadeh , Mamarbachi Maya , Lesage Frédéric , Mathieu Samuel , Tardif Jean-Claude , Mathieu Patrick , Kmita Marie , Thorin Éric
Published: November 2022

Aortic valve (AoV) abnormalities during embryogenesis are a major risk for the development of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and cardiac events later in life. Here, we identify an unexpected role for Angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2), a pro-inflammatory protein secreted by senescent cells, in valvulogenesis. At late embryonic stage, mice knocked-down for Angptl2 (Angptl2-KD) exhibit a premature thickening of AoV leaflets associated with a dysregulation of the fine balance between cell apoptosis, senescence and proliferation during AoV remodeling and a decrease in the crucial Notch signalling. These structural and molecular abnormalities lead toward spontaneous AVS with elevated trans-aortic gradient in adult mice of both sexes. Consistently, ANGPTL2 expression is detected in human fetal semilunar valves and associated with pathways involved in cell cycle and senescence. Altogether, these findings suggest that Angptl2 is essential for valvulogenesis, and identify Angptl2-KD mice as an animal model to study spontaneous AVS, a disease with unmet medical need.
Updates on Fatty Acids in Mushrooms: Content, Characterization, and Biological Effects
Authors: Tel-Çayan G. , Deveci E. , Çayan F.
Published: November 2022

Mushrooms are considered as functional foods worldwide not only for their flavor and nutritional properties but also for their pharmacological potential. They are rich in proteins, minerals, carbohydrates, vitamins, fibers as well as containing a significant amount of phenolic compounds and essential fatty acids. Mushrooms are a significant source of essential fatty acids for a human healthy diet. These essential fatty acids include linoleic acid ranging between 0–87%, oleic acid between 0–65%, and linolenic acid between 0–18%. Fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated ones, omega-3 and -6 series, are necessary for the treatment of and preventing hypertension, cancer, diabetes, coronary artery disease, arthritis, and other inflammatory, osteoporosis, and autoimmune disorders. Generally, fatty acid contents are analyzing by GC and GC-MS. Fatty acids need to be derivatized to increase their volatility. Fatty acid methyl esters are prepared by different methylation techniques and then separated on appropriate columns and identified by a flame ionization detector (FID). This chapter focuses on fatty acid contents measured in mushroom species over the last two decades. Also, the importance of linoleic, oleic, linolenic, palmitic, and stearic acids, which are the main fatty acids, and the significance of ω-6/ω-3 ratio in the human diet are explained. Furthermore, fatty acids isolated from mushrooms and their bioactivities are also reported in this review.
Terpenes and Steroids in Fungi Used in the Daily Diet
Authors: Tomou Ekaterina-Michaela , Barda Christina , Lymperis Panagiotis , Lytra Krystalia , Skaltsa Helen
Published: November 2022

Over the years, mushrooms have become an inseparable part of the diets and traditional medicines of many countries. Even today, mushrooms comprise an endless source of different micronutrients and bioactive chemical compounds, including terpenes, steroids, and phenolics, which are responsible for their great pharmacological activities. Thus, mushroom production has continuously increased, and many are cultivated around the world. This chapter aims to provide a clear insight into the genera Antrodia, Coriolus, Ganoderma, Laetiporus, Meripilus, Pleurotus, Polyporus, and Trametes, which are used in daily diets, with a focus on their terpenoids and steroids.
HClO-triggered interventional probe enabled early detection and intervention of atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhou Jie , Yang Ruhe , Sun Yiwen , Luo Fusui , Zhang Jin , Ma Huili , Guan Min
Published: November 2022

A novel HClO-triggered interventional probe (HMB-NA@Mp), which can achieve the goals of “early detection, early intervention” of atherosclerosis, for imaging foam cells is reported.
Screening of hepatocellular carcinoma via machine learning based on atmospheric pressure glow discharge mass spectrometry
Authors: Fan Jinghan , Wang Xiao , Yu Yile , Li Yuze , Nie Zongxiu
Published: November 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a high mortality rate.
Exact quantum dynamics developments for floppy molecular systems and complexes
Authors: Mátyus Edit , Martín Santa Daría Alberto , Avila Gustavo
Published: November 2022

Exact quantum dynamics developments make it possible to have a fundamentally correct and detailed description of quantum nuclear motions.
Deep-UV optical properties of KDP-family crystals: a comprehensive characterization
Authors: Cui Zijian , Sun Mingying , Liu De'an , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive characterization of the transmittances, cut-off edges, band-gap energies, linear absorption, and nonlinear two-photon absorption properties of KDP-family crystals (ADP, KDP, 70% DKDP, and DKDP) in the deep-UV spectral region.
Crystal structures of 5-bromo-1-arylpyrazoles and their halogen bonding features
Authors: Popa Marcel Mirel , Shova Sergiu , Dascalu Mihaela , Caira Mino R. , Dumitrascu Florea
Published: November 2022

5-Bromopyrazoles, rarely investigated by X-ray crystallography, showed interesting halogen bonding and inter-halogen contacts.
Supramolecular architectures featuring Se⋯N secondary-bonding interactions in crystals of selenium-rich molecules: a comparison with their congeners
Authors: Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: November 2022

The importance of Se⋯N chalcogen-bonding in supramolecular assembly is demonstrated.
Osmotic release of drugs via deswelling dynamics of microgels: modeling of collaborative flow and diffusions
Authors: Sui Jize
Published: November 2022

We report a continuum model of osmotic-pressure-driven deswelling dynamics of nanocomposite microgels, and further develop a universal framework to quantitatively characterize a continuous drug release from the deswollen microgel (uniform and fuzzy types) to surroundings.
Quantum versus classical unimolecular fragmentation rate constants and activation energies at finite temperature from direct dynamics simulations
Authors: Angiolari Federica , Huppert Simon , Spezia Riccardo
Published: November 2022

We show that ring polymer molecular dynamics is able to include nuclear quantum effects in unimolecular dissociation simulations. In this way, rate constants directly take into account both quantum statistics and anharmonic behavior.
Selective adsorption of sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide by metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Grubišić S. , Dahmani R. , Djordjević I. , Sentić M. , Hochlaf M.
Published: November 2022

These first principles and grand-canonical Monte Carlo computations show that the adsorption of SO2 and H2S by metal–organic frameworks is efficient and competes with CO2 and H2S inside pores.
Salphen metal complexes as potential anticancer agents: interaction profile and selectivity studies toward the three G-quadruplex units in the KIT promoter
Authors: D'Anna Luisa , Rubino Simona , Pipitone Candida , Serio Graziella , Gentile Carla , Palumbo Piccionello Antonio , Giannici Francesco , Barone Giampaolo , Terenzi Alessio
Published: November 2022

Five non-charged Salphen metal complexes of Pt(ii), Pd(ii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) bind selectively Kit1 and Kit2, two DNA G-quadruplexes of KIT promoter. They also exhibit dose-dependent cytotoxic activity in MCF-7, HepG2 and HeLa cancer cells.
A series of (E)-1,2-diaryldigermenes incorporating bulky Eind groups: structural characteristics and absorption properties
Authors: Yagura Shogo , Hayakawa Naoki , Kuroda Airi , Ota Kei , Tanishita Rhota , Urasaki Genya , Nakahodo Tsukasa , Nakai Hidetaka , Hoshino Manabu , Hashizume Daisuke , Matsuo Tsukasa
Published: November 2022

We present the synthesis, structural features and absorption properties of a series of (E)-1,2-diaryldigermenes supported by the fused-ring bulky Eind groups.
Deoxygenation of chalcogen oxides EO2 (E = S, Se) with phospha-Wittig reagents
Authors: Dankert Fabian , Gupta Priyanka , Wellnitz Tim , Baumann Wolfgang , Hering-Junghans Christian
Published: November 2022

A transfer of EO2 (E = S, Se) into different phosphorus heterocycles in a metal-free manner is established using phospha-Wittig reagents.
Transition-metal-free radical difluorobenzylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes: access to ArCF2-substituted ring-fused quinazolinones
Authors: Yuan Jin-Wei , Zhang Mei-Yue , Liu Yan , Hu Wen-Yu , Yang Liang-Ru , Xiao Yong-Mei , Diao Xiao-Qiong , Zhang Shou-Ren , Mao Jian
Published: November 2022

A mild and efficient transition metal-free radical difluoroarylmethylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes toward the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives with easily accessible α,α-difluoroarylacetic acids has been developed.
NMR insights into dynamic, multivalent interactions of intrinsically disordered regions: from discrete complexes to condensates
Authors: Ahmed Rashik , Forman-Kay Julie D.
Published: November 2022

The spatial and temporal organization of interactions between proteins underlie the regulation of most cellular processes. The requirement for such interactions to be specific predisposes a view that protein–protein interactions are relatively static and are formed through the stable complementarity of the interacting partners. A growing body of reports indicate, however, that many interactions lead to fuzzy complexes with an ensemble of conformations in dynamic exchange accounting for the observed binding. Here, we discuss how NMR has facilitated the characterization of these discrete, dynamic complexes and how such characterization has aided the understanding of dynamic, condensed phases of phase-separating proteins with exchanging multivalent interactions.