bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing multi-spinon excitations outside of the two-spinon continuum in the antiferromagnetic spin chain cuprate Sr2CuO3
Authors: Schlappa J. , Kumar U. , Zhou K. J. , Singh S. , Mourigal M. , Strocov V. N. , Revcolevschi A. , Patthey L. , Rønnow H. M. , Johnston S. , Schmitt T.
Published: December 2018

One-dimensional (1D) magnetic insulators have attracted significant interest as a platform for studying quasiparticle fractionalization, quantum criticality, and emergent phenomena. The spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain with antiferromagnetic nearest neighbour interactions is an important reference system; its elementary magnetic excitations are spin-1/2 quasiparticles called spinons that are created in even numbers. However, while the excitation continuum associated with two-spinon states is routinely observed, the study of four-spinon and higher multi-spinon states is an open area of research. Here we show that four-spinon excitations can be accessed directly in Sr2CuO3 using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) in a region of phase space clearly separated from the two-spinon continuum. Our finding is made possible by the fundamental differences in the correlation function probed by RIXS in comparison to other probes. This advance holds promise as a tool in the search for novel quantum states and quantum spin liquids.
Contemporaneous radiations of fungi and plants linked to symbiosis
Authors: Lutzoni François , Nowak Michael D. , Alfaro Michael E. , Reeb Valérie , Miadlikowska Jolanta , Krug Michael , Arnold A. Elizabeth , Lewis Louise A. , Swofford David L. , Hibbett David , Hilu Khidir , James Timothy Y. , Quandt Dietmar , Magallón Susana
Published: December 2018

Interactions between fungi and plants, including parasitism, mutualism, and saprotrophy, have been invoked as key to their respective macroevolutionary success. Here we evaluate the origins of plant-fungal symbioses and saprotrophy using a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework that reveals linked and drastic shifts in diversification rates of each kingdom. Fungal colonization of land was associated with at least two origins of terrestrial green algae and preceded embryophytes (as evidenced by losses of fungal flagellum, ca. 720 Ma), likely facilitating terrestriality through endomycorrhizal and possibly endophytic symbioses. The largest radiation of fungi (Leotiomyceta), the origin of arbuscular mycorrhizae, and the diversification of extant embryophytes occurred ca. 480 Ma. This was followed by the origin of extant lichens. Saprotrophic mushrooms diversified in the Late Paleozoic as forests of seed plants started to dominate the landscape. The subsequent diversification and explosive radiation of Agaricomycetes, and eventually of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, were associated with the evolution of Pinaceae in the Mesozoic, and establishment of angiosperm-dominated biomes in the Cretaceous.
The utility of serology for elimination surveillance of trachoma
Authors: Pinsent Amy , Solomon Anthony W. , Bailey Robin L. , Bid Rhiannon , Cama Anaseini , Dean Deborah , Goodhew Brook , Gwyn Sarah E. , Jack Kelvin R. , Kandel Ram Prasad , Kama Mike , Massae Patrick , Macleod Colin , Mabey David C. W. , Migchelsen Stephanie , Müller Andreas , Sandi Frank , Sokana Oliver , Taoaba Raebwebwe , Tekeraoi Rabebe , Martin Diana L. , White Michael. T.
Published: December 2018

Robust surveillance methods are needed for trachoma control and recrudescence monitoring, but existing methods have limitations. Here, we analyse data from nine trachoma-endemic populations and provide operational thresholds for interpretation of serological data in low-transmission and post-elimination settings. Analyses with sero-catalytic and antibody acquisition models provide insights into transmission history within each population. To accurately estimate sero-conversion rates (SCR) for trachoma in populations with high-seroprevalence in adults, the model accounts for secondary exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis due to urogenital infection. We estimate the population half-life of sero-reversion for anti-Pgp3 antibodies to be 26 (95% credible interval (CrI): 21–34) years. We show SCRs below 0.015 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0–0.049) per year correspond to a prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular below 5%, the current threshold for elimination of active trachoma as a public health problem. As global trachoma prevalence declines, we may need cross-sectional serological survey data to inform programmatic decisions.
Structure of a human intramembrane ceramidase explains enzymatic dysfunction found in leukodystrophy
Authors: Vasiliauskaité-Brooks Ieva , Healey Robert D. , Rochaix Pascal , Saint-Paul Julie , Sounier Rémy , Grison Claire , Waltrich-Augusto Thierry , Fortier Mathieu , Hoh François , Saied Essa M. , Arenz Christoph , Basu Shibom , Leyrat Cédric , Granier Sébastien
Published: December 2018

Alkaline ceramidases (ACERs) are a class of poorly understood transmembrane enzymes controlling the homeostasis of ceramides. They are implicated in human pathophysiology, including progressive leukodystrophy, colon cancer as well as acute myeloid leukemia. We report here the crystal structure of the human ACER type 3 (ACER3). Together with computational studies, the structure reveals that ACER3 is an intramembrane enzyme with a seven transmembrane domain architecture and a catalytic Zn2+ binding site in its core, similar to adiponectin receptors. Interestingly, we uncover a Ca2+ binding site physically and functionally connected to the Zn2+ providing a structural explanation for the known regulatory role of Ca2+ on ACER3 enzymatic activity and for the loss of function in E33G-ACER3 mutant found in leukodystrophic patients.
Oxygen-dependent proteolysis regulates the stability of angiosperm polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit VERNALIZATION 2
Authors: Gibbs Daniel J. , Tedds Hannah M. , Labandera Anne-Marie , Bailey Mark , White Mark D. , Hartman Sjon , Sprigg Colleen , Mogg Sophie L. , Osborne Rory , Dambire Charlene , Boeckx Tinne , Paling Zachary , Voesenek Laurentius A. C. J. , Flashman Emily , Holdsworth Michael J.
Published: December 2018

The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) regulates epigenetic gene repression in eukaryotes. Mechanisms controlling its developmental specificity and signal-responsiveness are poorly understood. Here, we identify an oxygen-sensitive N-terminal (N-) degron in the plant PRC2 subunit VERNALIZATION(VRN) 2, a homolog of animal Su(z)12, that promotes its degradation via the N-end rule pathway. We provide evidence that this N-degron arose early during angiosperm evolution via gene duplication and N-terminal truncation, facilitating expansion of PRC2 function in flowering plants. We show that proteolysis via the N-end rule pathway prevents ectopic VRN2 accumulation, and that hypoxia and long-term cold exposure lead to increased VRN2 abundance, which we propose may be due to inhibition of VRN2 turnover via its N-degron. Furthermore, we identify an overlap in the transcriptional responses to hypoxia and prolonged cold, and show that VRN2 promotes tolerance to hypoxia. Our work reveals a mechanism for post-translational regulation of VRN2 stability that could potentially link environmental inputs to the epigenetic control of plant development.
Impacts of climate on the biodiversity-productivity relationship in natural forests
Authors: Fei Songlin , Jo Insu , Guo Qinfeng , Wardle David A. , Fang Jingyun , Chen Anping , Oswalt Christopher M. , Brockerhoff Eckehard G.
Published: December 2018

Understanding biodiversity-productivity relationships (BPRs) is of theoretical importance, and has important management implications. Most work on BPRs has focused on simple and/or experimentally assembled communities, and it is unclear how these observed BPRs can be extended to complex natural forest ecosystems. Using data from over 115,000 forest plots across the contiguous United States, we show that the bivariate BPRs are positive in dry climates and hump-shaped in mesic climates. When considering other site characteristics, BPRs change to neutral in dry climates and remain hump-shaped in humid sites. Our results indicate that climatic variation is an underlying determinant of contrasting BPRs observed across a large spatial extent, while both biotic factors (e.g., stand age and density) and abiotic factors (e.g., soil properties) can impact BPRs within a given climate unit. These findings suggest that tradeoffs need be made when considering whether to maximize productivity vs. conserve biodiversity, especially in mesic climates.
A quasi-integral controller for adaptation of genetic modules to variable ribosome demand
Authors: Huang Hsin-Ho , Qian Yili , Del Vecchio Domitilla
Published: December 2018

The behavior of genetic circuits is often poorly predictable. A gene’s expression level is not only determined by the intended regulators, but also affected by changes in ribosome availability imparted by expression of other genes. Here we design a quasi-integral biomolecular feedback controller that enables the expression level of any gene of interest (GOI) to adapt to changes in available ribosomes. The feedback is implemented through a synthetic small RNA (sRNA) that silences the GOI’s mRNA, and uses orthogonal extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor to sense the GOI’s translation and to actuate sRNA transcription. Without the controller, the expression level of the GOI is reduced by 50% when a resource competitor is activated. With the controller, by contrast, gene expression level is practically unaffected by the competitor. This feedback controller allows adaptation of genetic modules to variable ribosome demand and thus aids modular construction of complicated circuits.
Hybrid Surface Plasmon Polariton Wave Generation and Modulation by Chiral-Graphene-Metal (CGM) Structure
Authors: Yaqoob M. Z. , Ghaffar A. , Alkanhal Majeed , Rehman Sajjad ur , Razzaz Faroq
Published: December 2018

Theoretical investigations are carried out to study hybrid SPP wave propagation along the Chiral-Graphene-Metal (CGM) interface. The Kubo formulism is used for the physical modeling of single-layer graphene and the impedance boundary conditions approach is applied at the CGM interface to compute the dispersion relationship for hybrid SPP waves. It is demonstrated that the chirality (ξ) and chemical potential (μc) parameters can be used to modulate the resonance surface plasmon frequencies of the upper and lower propagating modes. Furthermore, the propagation bandgap between the upper and the lower modes can be tuned by changing the chirality parameter. The effect of the chemical potential (μc)and the relaxation time (τ) on the normalized propagation constant, propagation length, and the effective refractive index is studied. The present work may have potential applications in optical and chiral sensing in the terahertz frequency range.
On the contribution of internal variability and external forcing factors to the Cooling trend over the Humid Subtropical Indo-Gangetic Plain in India
Authors: Nath Reshmita , Luo Yong , Chen Wen , Cui Xuefeng
Published: December 2018

The summer surface air temperature (SAT) in the Humid Subtropical Climate Zone in India, exhibits a significant cooling trend (~−3 °C/40 yrs.) in CRU observational data during 1961–2000. Here we investigate the contribution of internal and external factors, which are driving this cooling trend. Using the Community Earth System Model-Large Ensemble (CESM-LE), we analyze the historical climate change in presence of internal climate variability. Most of the model ensemble members could reproduce this amplified cooling (<−3 °C) as shown from CRU data. Further analyses reveals that external forcing displays a strong cooling effect over this region, while internal variability displays mixed cooling (in most cases) and warming signals. The signal to noise ratio i.e. the ratio of external forcings and internal climatic variability is less than 1, which indicates that internal climatic variability dominates over the forced response. Furthermore, to quantify the role of different external forcing factors we used the CCSM4 single forcing simulations. The simulation results from CESM-LE and CCSM4 suggest that the cooling trend over the region is primarily due to the combined influence of internal variability (~73%) and partly due to aerosol (~10%) and ozone only forcing, which strongly mask the warming effect of GHG and solar forcing.
Corynebacterium Cell Factory Design and Culture Process Optimization for Muconic Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Lee Han-Na , Shin Woo-Shik , Seo Seung-Yeul , Choi Si-Sun , Song Ji-soo , Kim Ji-yeon , Park Ji-Hoon , Lee Dohoon , Kim Sang Yong , Lee Sang Joung , Chun Gie-Taek , Kim Eung-Soo
Published: December 2018

Muconic acid (MA) is a valuable compound for adipic acid production, which is a precursor for the synthesis of various polymers such as plastics, coatings, and nylons. Although MA biosynthesis has been previously reported in several bacteria, the engineered strains were not satisfactory owing to low MA titers. Here, we generated an engineered Corynebacterium cell factory to produce a high titer of MA through 3-dehydroshikimate (DHS) conversion to MA, with heterologous expression of foreign protocatechuate (PCA) decarboxylase genes. To accumulate key intermediates in the MA biosynthetic pathway, aroE (shikimate dehydrogenase gene), pcaG/H (PCA dioxygenase alpha/beta subunit genes) and catB (chloromuconate cycloisomerase gene) were disrupted. To accomplish the conversion of PCA to catechol (CA), a step that is absent in Corynebacterium, a codon-optimized heterologous PCA decarboxylase gene was expressed as a single operon under the strong promoter in a aroE-pcaG/H-catB triple knock-out Corynebacterium strain. This redesigned Corynebacterium, grown in an optimized medium, produced about 38 g/L MA and 54 g/L MA in 7-L and 50-L fed-batch fermentations, respectively. These results show highest levels of MA production demonstrated in Corynebacterium, suggesting that the rational cell factory design of MA biosynthesis could be an alternative way to complement petrochemical-based chemical processes.
Evidence of major secondary organic aerosol contribution to lensing effect black carbon absorption enhancement
Authors: Zhang Yunjiang , Favez Olivier , Canonaco Francesco , Liu Dantong , Močnik Griša , Amodeo Tanguy , Sciare Jean , Prévôt André S. H. , Gros Valérie , Albinet Alexandre
Published: December 2018

Atmospheric black carbon (BC) has a strong positive, but still controversial, effect on global warming. In particular, BC absorption enhancement (Eabs) due to internal mixing with other chemical species—so-called lensing effect—is poorly assessed. This bottleneck partly relies on the lack of long-term in situ measurements of both the optical and chemical properties of BC-containing particles. Here, we present experimental and computational results showing a significant Eabs increase with the aerosol photochemical aging. This was associated with the production of highly oxidized secondary organic aerosols (SOA), especially at summertime. The 3-year-long continuous aerosol chemical and optical measurements used for the present study was obtained in the Paris region, France, which might be representative of near-future air quality within developing countries. These findings suggest that SOA could represent one of the most critical chemical species to be considered within climate models.
Catalyzed assembly of hollow silver-sulfide cluster through self-releasable anion template
Authors: Nan Zi-Ang , Wang Yu , Chen Zhi-Xin , Yuan Shang-Fu , Tian Zhong-Qun , Wang Quan-Ming
Published: December 2018

Hollow nanoclusters are intriguing for bridging the gap between small metal-organic cages and hollow nanoparticles and provide enormous opportunities for functional materials. Rational construction of hollow nanoclusters remains a challenge owing to the poor understanding of their formation pathways and difficulties in obtaining the intermediate structures. Here we report a catalyzed assembly strategy to construct hollow silver–sulfide clusters using a self-releasable carbonate template. The hollow Ag56 cluster and the carbonate-templated Ag33 intermediate are characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Combining this data with a time-dependent UV-Vis spectroscopic investigation, we reveal the catalyst-like behavior of the self-releasable carbonate template and propose the corresponding mechanism. The assembly of hollow clusters using a self-releasable template may provide insight into understanding the formation mechanisms of other hollow nanoclusters and facilitate the design and construction of new hollow nanoclusters.
Development of a monoclonal antibody based-ELISA for the detection of chloramphenicol in shrimp, feed and milk samples and validation by LC-MS/MS coupled with immunoaffinity clean-up
Authors: Liu Chang , Deng Diandian , Xu Di , Wu Kang , Yang Hong , Zhao Kang , Li Jianguo , Deng Anping
Published: December 2018

A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the determination of chloramphenicol was developed and validated by LC-MS/MS coupled with immunoaffinity clean-up.
A green synthetic route for the surface-passivation of carbon dots as an effective multifunctional fluorescent sensor for the recognition and detection of toxic metal ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Radhakrishnan K. , Panneerselvam P. , Marieeswaran M.
Published: December 2018

In this work, a green synthetic route was used to create a number of surface passivated fluorescent carbon quantum dots, which are explored as promising sensing probes, via facile one-pot hydrothermal methods.
A simple route to renewable high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) strengthened by successive cross-linking and electrostatics of polysaccharides
Authors: Tan Chen , Pajoumshariati Seyedramin , Arshadi Mohammad , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: December 2018

A novel renewable and processable HIPE was synthesized by a simple strategy without using any surfactants or synthetic particles.
Doping engineering of thermoelectric transport in BNC heteronanotubes
Authors: Medrano Sandonas Leonardo , Cuba-Supanta Gustavo , Gutierrez Rafael , Landauro Carlos V. , Rojas-Tapia Justo , Cuniberti Gianaurelio
Published: December 2018

Doping engineering allows transport properties in BNC heteronanotubes to be controlled, showing that helically doped nanotubes have a better thermoelectric response.
Mechanisms of lipid extraction from skin lipid bilayers by sebum triglycerides
Authors: Tascini Anna Sofia , Noro Massimo G. , Seddon John M. , Chen Rongjun , Bresme Fernando
Published: December 2018

Microsecond computations identify the pathways leading to the extraction of skin lipids by sebum triglycerides and the associated energetic costs.
Time-resolved multirotational dynamics of single solution-phase tau proteins reveals details of conformational variation
Authors: Foote Alexander K. , Manger Lydia H. , Holden Michael R. , Margittai Martin , Goldsmith Randall H.
Published: December 2018

Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy reveals conformational variation of single tau proteins in solution.
Fullerene and endometallofullerene Kagome lattices with symmetry-forced spin frustration
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Saito Gunzi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N.
Published: December 2018

Salts of fullerene C60˙− (1) and endometallofullerene Sc3N@Ih-C80˙− (2) radical anions with the Bu3MeP+ cation were obtained. These radical anions form Kagome lattices with equilateral fullerene triangles. The strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins in 1 and 2 without magnetic ordering down to 1.5–1.9 K indicates strong spin frustration.
Nickel reduces calcium dependent dimerization in neural cadherin
Authors: Dukes M. P. , Rowe R. K. , Harvey T. , Rangel W. , Pedigo S.
Published: December 2018

Alternative divalent ions compete with calcium to attenuate adhesive dimer formation by neural cadherin.
Surfactant-assisted individualization and dispersion of boron nitride nanotubes
Authors: Smith McWilliams Ashleigh D. , de los Reyes Carlos A. , Liberman Lucy , Ergülen Selin , Talmon Yeshayahu , Pasquali Matteo , Martí Angel A.
Published: December 2018

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are novel material building blocks with useful thermal, electronic, and optical properties; their stable dispersion in water would enable fundamental studies as well as novel applications. Here we address the dispersion of BNNTs in aqueous solution using surfactants with varying properties.
Europium amphiphilic naphthalene based complex for the enhancement of linearly polarized luminescence in Langmuir–Blodgett films
Authors: Yoshihara Koushi , Yamanaka Masamichi , Kanno Shuhei , Mizushima Soichi , Tsuchiyagaito Junko , Kondo Kazuki , Kondo Takahiro , Iwasawa Daichi , Komiya Hiroaki , Saso Akira , Kawaguchi Shogo , Goto Kenta , Ogata Shuhei , Takahashi Hiromi , Ishii Ayumi , Hasegawa Miki
Published: December 2018

The complexation in LB films induces the linearly polarized luminescence of europium by the excited 1-naphtoate ligand.
Green synthesis of methyl gallate conjugated silver nanoparticles: a colorimetric probe for gentamicin
Authors: ul Ain Noor , Aslam Zara , Yousuf Muhammad , Waseem Waqas Ahmed , Bano Samina , Anis Itrat , Ahmed Farid , Faizi Shaheen , Malik Muhammad Imran , Shah Muhammad Raza
Published: December 2018

A highly efficient colorimetric sensor for gentamicin is proposed based on methyl gallate conjugated silver nanoparticles.
A graphitic carbon nitride–titania nanocomposite as a promising catalyst support for electro-oxidation of methanol
Authors: Nubla Karuvatta , Radhakrishnan Thulasi , Sandhyarani N.
Published: December 2018

A graphitic carbon nitride–titania nanocomposite has been synthesized as a catalyst support for Pt which enhanced the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction.
Tailored synthesis of Zn–N co-doped porous MoC nanosheets towards efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Cao Qing , Zhao Lili , Wang Aili , Yang Linjing , Lai Linfei , Wang Zhong-Li , Kim Jeonghun , Zhou Weijia , Yamauchi Yusuke , Lin Jianjian
Published: December 2018

Here we present a facile two-step method to synthesize Zn, N co-doped molybdenum carbide nanosheets (Zn–N–MoC–H NSs) by using bi-metal oxides of ZnMoO4 as a unique precursor.
“Carbolong” polymers with near infrared triggered, spatially resolved and rapid self-healing properties
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhao Haibo , Zhuo Kaiyue , Hua Yuhui , Chen Jiangxi , He Xumin , Weng Wengui , Xia Haiping
Published: December 2018

Conjugated Möbius metalla-aromatic “carbolong” is incorporated into polymers to achieve spatially resolved, repeated and fast healing through a photothermal effect.
Reutilization of nanosecond pulse laser energy and its performance in single particle triggered LIBS
Authors: Zhou Pingwei , Zhu Yu , Li Shengfu , Zhu Li-guo
Published: December 2018

A method that can reutilize the energy of a nanosecond pulse laser beam in LIBS was studied. When the pulse energy is not sufficient to generate the plasma, the overlapped point in this method can reach the threshold.
Synthesis of anti-perovskite-type carbides and nitrides from metal oxides and melamine
Authors: Hirai Daigorou , Tanaka Hidetake , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke , Hiroi Zenji
Published: December 2018

Four anti-perovskite-type compounds, ZnNNi3, ZnCNi3, SnNCo3, and SnCCo3, are synthesised through reactions between metal oxides and organic compound melamine (C3H6N6).
Eccentric magnetic microcapsules for MRI-guided local administration and pH-regulated drug release
Authors: Huang Jingxian , Huang Wenwei , Chen Yin , Zhang Yu Shrike , Zhong Jinshuang , Li Yan , Zhou Jianhua
Published: December 2018

Uniform eccentric magnetic microcapsules for magnetic resonance imaging-guided local administration and pH-regulated drug release were developed.
Magnetic and microwave absorbing properties of low-temperature sintered BaZrxFe(12−x)O19
Authors: Deng Li , Zhao Yang , Xie Zhaoming , Liu Zuohua , Tao Changyuan , Deng Rongrui
Published: December 2018

BaZrxFe(12−x)O19 ferrites synthesized at low temperature have high saturation magnetization, a wide coercivity range and excellent microwave absorbing properties.
Ligand-induced reduction concerted with coating by atomic layer deposition on the example of TiO2-coated magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: García-García Sarai , López-Ortega Alberto , Zheng Yongping , Nie Yifan , Cho Kyeongjae , Chuvilin Andrey , Knez Mato
Published: December 2018

An appropriate atomic layer deposition precursor, as a function of the ligand of the metal source, can unveil a novel approach to concertedly coat and reduce γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles to form Fe3O4/TiO2 core/shell nanoparticles.
Electronic synergism of pyridinic- and graphitic-nitrogen on N-doped carbons for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ning Xiaomei , Li Yuhang , Ming Jingyan , Wang Qiang , Wang Hongjuan , Cao Yonghai , Peng Feng , Yang Yanhui , Yu Hao
Published: December 2018

Prydinic and graphitic nitrogen both contributes to the activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Crystallographic identification of Eu@C2n(2n= 88, 86 and 84): completing a transformation map for existing metallofullerenes
Authors: Bao Lipiao , Yu Pengyuan , Pan Changwang , Shen Wangqiang , Lu Xing
Published: December 2018

A transformation map covering as many as 98% of metallofullerenes with clear C2n(2n= 74–86) cage structures is uncovered withC2(27)-C88,C1(7)-C86,C2(13)-C84andC2(11)-C84as key links.
Ratiometric chemodosimeter: an organic-nanofiber platform for sensing lethal phosgene gas
Authors: Maiti Kalipada , Ghosh Debasish , Maiti Rituparna , Vyas Veena , Datta Pallab , Mandal Debabrata , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: December 2018

The fabrication of organic nanofibrils using 3-oxime-4-hydroxy-1,8-naphthalic-n-butylimide (R1)-doped polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun, which is developed as a gaseous phosgene-specific sensing device.
Ultrathin, lightweight and flexible perovskite solar cells with an excellent power-per-weight performance
Authors: Kang Saewon , Jeong Jaeki , Cho Seungse , Yoon Yung Jin , Park Seungyoung , Lim Seongdong , Kim Jin Young , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: December 2018

Ultralight and flexible perovskite solar cells with the orthogonal AgNW electrodes exhibit an excellent power-per-weight of 29.4 W g−1.
Nonlinear optical response of endohedral all-metal electride cages 2e−Mg2+(M@E12)2−Ca2+(M = Ni, Pd, and Pt; E = Ge, Sn, and Pb)
Authors: He Hui-Min , Luis Josep M. , Chen Wei-Hong , Yu Dan , Li Ying , Wu Di , Sun Wei-Ming , Li Zhi-Ru
Published: December 2018

The endohedral all-metal electride cages 2e−Mg2+(M@E12)2−Ca2+(M = Ni, Pd, and Pt; E = Ge, Sn, and Pb) exhibit a better NLO response.
Methionine synthase A2756G polymorphism influences pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Li-Min , Yang Hai-Ping , Yang Xue-Wen , Ruan Lin-Hai
Published: December 2018

Plenty of studies have investigated the effect of methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G polymorphism on risk of developing pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the available results were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the association between MTR A2756G polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to pediatric ALL. The PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Wanfang Databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were systematically searched to identify all the previous published studies exploring the relationship between MTR A2756G polymorphism and pediatric ALL risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the strength of association. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also systematically assessed. This meta-analysis finally included ten available studies with 3224 ALL cases and 4077 matched controls. The results showed that there was significant association between MTR A2756G polymorphism and risk of pediatric ALL in overall population (AG vs. AA: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.02–1.26, P = 0.02; AG+GG vs. AA: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.02–1.25, P = 0.01; G allele vs. A allele: OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.01–1.20, P = 0.03). In the stratification analyses by ethnicity, quality score and control source, significant association was found in Caucasians, population-based designed studies and studies assigned as high quality. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that MTR A2756G polymorphism may influence the development risk of pediatric ALL in Caucasians. Future large scale and well-designed studies are required to validate our findings.
Structure, activation and dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor kinases: perspectives for clinical targeting
Authors: Farrell Brendan , Breeze Alexander L.
Published: December 2018

The receptor tyrosine kinase family of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play crucial roles in embryonic development, metabolism, tissue homeostasis and wound repair via stimulation of intracellular signalling cascades. As a consequence of FGFRs’ influence on cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, FGFR signalling is frequently dysregulated in a host of human cancers, variously by means of overexpression, somatic point mutations and gene fusion events. Dysregulation of FGFRs is also the underlying cause of many developmental dysplasias such as hypochondroplasia and achondroplasia. Accordingly, FGFRs are attractive pharmaceutical targets, and multiple clinical trials are in progress for the treatment of various FGFR aberrations. To effectively target dysregulated receptors, a structural and mechanistic understanding of FGFR activation and regulation is required. Here, we review some of the key research findings from the last couple of decades and summarise the strategies being explored for therapeutic intervention.
Spectral and temporal variability of Earth observed in polarization
Authors: Sterzik Michael F. , Bagnulo Stefano , Stam Daphne M. , Emde Claudia , Manev Mihail
Published: December 2018

Context. Earthshine, i.e., sunlight scattered by Earth and back-reflected from the lunar surface to Earth, allows observations of the total flux and polarization of Earth with ground-based astronomical facilities on timescales from minutes to years. Like flux spectra, polarization spectra exhibit imprints of the atmospheric and surface properties of Earth. Earth’s polarization spectra may prove an important benchmark to constrain expected biosignatures of Earth-like planets observed with future telescopes.

Aims. We derive the polarimetric phase curve of Earth from a statistically significant sample of Earthshine polarization spectra. The impact of changing Earth views on the variation of polarization spectra is investigated.

Methods. We present a comprehensive set of spectropolarimetric observations of Earthshine as obtained by FORS2 at the Very Large Telescope for phase angles from 50° to 135° (Sun–Earth–Moon angle), covering a spectral range from 4300 to 9200 Å. The degree of polarization in the B, V, R, I passbands, the differential polarization vegetation index, and the equivalent width of the O2-A polarization band around 7600 Å are determined with absolute errors around 0.1% in the degree of polarization. Earthshine polarization spectra are corrected for the effect of depolarization introduced by backscattering on the lunar surface, introducing systematic errors on the order of 1% in the degree of polarization.

Results. Distinct viewing sceneries such as observing the Atlantic or Pacific side in Earthshine yield statistically different phase curves. The equivalent width defined for the O2-A band polarization is found to vary from −50 to +20 Å. A differential polarized vegetation index is introduced and reveals a larger vegetation signal for those viewing sceneries that contain larger fractions of vegetated surface areas. We corroborate the observed correlations with theoretical models from the literature, and conclude that the vegetation red edge (VRE) is a robust and sensitive signature in polarization spectra of planet Earth.

Conclusions. The overall behavior of polarization of planet Earth in the continuum and in the O2-A band can be explained by existing models. Biosignatures such as the O2-A band and the VRE are detectable in Earthshine polarization with a high degree of significance and sensitivity. An in-depth understanding of the temporal and spectral variability of Earthshine requires improved models of Earth’s biosphere, as a prerequisite to interpreting possible detections of polarized biosignatures in Earth-like exoplanets in the future.
Modeling and Efficiency Prediction of Aeroengine Centrifugal Pump Integrated Loss Model Based on One-Dimensional Flow
Authors: Fu Jiangfeng , Li Huacong , Fan Ding , Shen Wenbo , Liu Xianwei
Published: December 2018

This paper was presented a method of integrated loss model by considering all kinds of loss type in centrifugal pumps. The geometric structure and loss mechanism of the flow parts in the centrifugal pump were analyzed, such as suction chamber, impeller, vaneless diffuser chamber, volute type water collecting chamber and outlet diffusion section. The hydraulic loss model, volume loss model, friction loss and mechanical loss model of centrifugal pump were established respectively by combining the flow theory. Finally, an integrated loss model of centrifugal pump was constructed, which can establish the relationship between the 12 main design parameters and pump efficiency of the centrifugal pump. Then the performance prediction of an aeroengine fuel centrifugal pump was carried out based on the loss model, and the loss model predictions were compared with the experimental data and CFD simulation performance prediction data. Simulation results show that:The efficiency predicted value relative error of centrifugal pump is less than 2.8% between the loss model and the experimental data. The computational efficiency of CFD is less than 4.4% compared with the experimental data in the design condition. The relative error is about 1.6% between the CFD method and the loss model which shows that the loss model predicts efficiency accuracy is better than the CFD method. It shows that this method can be used to predict the efficiency performance of centrifugal pump under design process.
Investigation of Stall Flutter Based on Peters-ONERA Aerodynamic Model
Authors: Liang Jiahua , Bai Junqiang , Li Guojun
Published: December 2018

The Peters model is used to simulate the linear aerodynamic force and ONERA stall model is used to simulate the nonlinear aerodynamic force. The state-space equation of the aeroelastic system is established by coupling the structural equation. In order to solve problems, Euler predictor corrector method is used in the time domain and eigenvalue analysis method is used in the frequency domain. The case of dynamic stall is simulated based on Peters-ONERA model and the results imply that the validity of the aerodynamic model. The effect of under relaxation iteration on the stability of static aeroelastic solution is studied. It is found that under relaxation iteration can improve the static aeroelastic solution stability. Then based on frequency and time domain methods, flutter critical characteristic and bifurcation phenomenon are studied. It is found that:(1) Under large angle of attack, the coupling between nonlinear aerodynamic modal and structure modal could induce the instability of the structure modal and single degree of freedom flutter. (2) Under different angles of attack, bifurcation characteristic of aeroelastic system is far different. (3) The sensitivity to the disturbance of the system is different in different ranges. When the disturbance increases, the aeroelastic system will change from stable state to limit cycle oscillation.
Spatial Clustering Group Based OFDMA Access Protocol for the Next Generation WLAN
Authors: Li Yong , Li Bo , Yang Mao , Yan Zhongjiang , Qu Qiao
Published: December 2018

The next generation wireless local area network (WLAN) needs to significantly improve the area throughput in high dense scenario. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), considered as the key technology of next generation WLAN, has been adopted by next generation WLAN communication standard. However, the existing studies on the OFDMA protocol have the interference extensions problem, i.e. multiple users are located in the dispersive area, and then the geographical interference area is enlarged. In this paper, a spatial clustering group based OFDMA multiple access protocol (SCG-OFDMA) is proposed. SCG-OFDMA enables the users in close area to form spatial clustering groups dynamically, then the users in the spatial clustering group access channel and transmit data by OFDMA. It reduces the geographical interference area, and enhances the area throughput. The theoretical analysis of SCG-OFDMA is also carried out. The simulation results of SCG-OFDMA are in agreement with the theoretical analysis. Simulation results show that the area throughput of SCG-OFDMA is higher than existing OFDMA protocol and distributing coordination function by 15.98% and 31.26% respectively. It provides a reference to design media access control protocol of the next generation WLAN.
Multichannel Robust Parameters Estimation for Disabled Satellites
Authors: Hou Xianghao , Yuan Jianping
Published: December 2018

Based on the dual vector quaternions, this paper modeled both the kinematics and dynamics of the disabled satellites. In addition, considering the complex space environment may lead to the measurements failure of the target, a novel robust federal Kalman filter based algorithm (DVQ-REKF) is proposed by this paper. By utilizing the designed algorithm, both the pose and inertial parameters can be estimated in the same time when the measurements by each of the monocular camera on the service satellite failed for a certain period of time. Finally, the simulation shows the validity of the designed DVQ-REKF.
Research on Energy Storage Interface Circuit and Its Control Principle Based on the L-LLC Resonant Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
Authors: Shen Ming , Zhang Xiaobin
Published: December 2018

Aiming at the low operating efficiency and poor dynamic response of energy storage interface circuit for flexible interface of connecting microgrid to power grid, the principle of PI or PID and optimal trajectory hybrid control based on the L-LLC resonant bidirectional DC-DC converter (L-LLC BDC) is proposed. It realize zero-voltage switching and zero-current switching for input switches and output rectifiers respectively, besides, it not only significantly reduce the computational complexity and further increase switching frequency, but also improve dynamic response of the converter remarkably. Using state-plane analysis, the operation status and characteristics of L-LLC-BDC are described in detail, based on that, the control system of the energy storage interface circuit is designed. In view of the principle of PI or PID and optimal trajectory hybrid control based on the L-LLC-BDC, the simulation shows that the correctness of theoretical analysis and the superiority of dynamic response and the operation performance of flexible interface of connecting microgrid to power grid is guaranteed.
Study on Magnetic Flux Weakening Control Strategy of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Shuhong , Zhang Yibo , Liang Libo
Published: December 2018

When the maximum ratio of torque to current strategy is used for IPMSM flux weakening speed regulation, it is needed to solve nonlinear High-Order equations determining the direct and quadrature axis current given value. Facing this problem, the paper used the curve fitting and obtained the given current, improved the control accuracy of the system. At the same time, in the weak magnetic high speed zone, proposed a new over-modulation control algorithm, which through the optimization of voltage vector and phase, achieved a natural transition of different modulation region, increased the output voltage of the inverter, and enhanced the stator voltage and output torque when motor runs at a certain speed given value, expanded steady weak magnetic region of IPMSM when the load torque is certain.
The Similarity Comparison Algorithm of Free-Form Surfaces with Single Curvature Feature
Authors: Wang Hongshen , Wang Yurong , Zhao Honghong , Yan Jintang
Published: December 2018

This paper studies the shape similarity evaluation of free-form surfaces expressed by B-spline with single curvature feature and proposes a similarity evaluation algorithm based on curvature feature. Firstly, we calculate the normal vector direction of the two surfaces compared, and use it as the Z axis, so that the two surfaces are aligned on the Z axis. Then, the two surfaces are cut with planes that all perpendicular to the Z axis, and the intersection sets of two surfaces are obtained respectively. Finally, we design the similarity algorithm of plane curves to realize the similarity comparison of corresponding curves in the two sets of intersection, and which is used as the basis for evaluating the similarity between two surfaces. The algorithm transforms the problem of similarity comparison between 3D surfaces into two dimensional space by plane cutting method, and reduces the complexity of the problem effectively. The algorithm only needs to align one coordinate axis in the process of posture adjustment, so it is easy to implement. In order to test the effect of the algorithm, simulation experiments on different type of single curvature feature B-spline surfaces are carried out. The results show that the proposed similarity comparison algorithm of free-form surfaces is feasible and effective.
Fallbeispiele einer Intoxikation mit Palytoxinen
Authors: von Fabeck Katharina , Schmitt Corinne , de Haro Luc , Simon Nicolas
Published: December 2018

Palytoxine, die in Korallen vorkommen und unter anderem durch Dinoflagellaten synthetisiert werden, wirken bei Exponierten über einen Eingriff in die Natrium-Kalium-Pumpe und führen somit zu einer Änderung des Konzentrationsgradienten zwischen intra- und extrazellulärem Raum. Die Symptomatik kann aus Atemnot, Übelkeit und Erbrechen, Kopfschmerzen, Tachykardie und EKG-Veränderungen, aber auch aus Ulzerationen der Hornhaut bestehen. Die symptomatische Therapie setzt sich zusammen aus inhalativen Bronchodilatatoren, evtl. Infusion und Schmerztherapie, Antibiotikatherapie bei Infizierung der Schnittwunden, Vorstellung beim Augenarzt und Behandlung mit Vitamin-A-haltigen sowie antibiotischen Augentropfen. Um eine Exposition mit Palytoxinen zu vermeiden, gilt es, entweder auf Korallen im Aquarium zu verzichten oder bereits vorhandene Korallen nicht aus dem Aquarium zu entfernen.
Psychische Krankheit – ein Mehrregionenbegriff
Authors: Häfner Heinz
Published: December 2018

Psychische Krankheit ist ein Mehrregionenbegriff. Der spezifische Krankheitsbegriff klärt, was für Krankheiten es überhaupt gibt. Sie warden mit Diagnosen klassifiziert, die optimal auf disjunktive körperliche, neurobiologische oder genetische Befunde (Erbkrankheiten) gründen. Eine solche biologische Grundlage für die überwiegende Zahl psychischer Krankheiten existiert aber nicht oder noch nicht. Krankheiten ohne bekannte Ursache werden deshalb durch eine Gruppe von Symptomen definiert, die überzufällig gemeinsam auftreten und gemeinsam eine bestimmte Verlaufsform aufweisen.

Hinter dem spezifischen steht ein allgemeiner Krankheitsbegriff, der sowohl in der allgemeinen Lebenswelt als auch hinter den regionalen Krankheitsbegriffen relevant ist. Er definiert unabhängig von Diagnose, was Krankheit überhaupt ist. Im alltäglichen Leben können wir unser Kranksein meist unmittelbar wahrnehmen, auch wenn wir zunächst nicht wissen, woran wir eigentlich leiden. Wahrnehmbare Merkmale psychischer Krankheit sind beispielsweise Schmerz, Fieber, körperliche Schwäche, Missstimmung, Depressivität, Schlafstörung und kognitive und andere funktionelle Leistungsdefizite. Viele Krankheiten beginnen mit einem Prodromalstadium, das mit ersten Krankheitszeichen einhergehen kann, noch bevor das Auftreten einer hinreichenden Zahl charakteristischer Symptome eine Diagnose erlaubt.

Krankheit ist üblicherweise ein fortschreitendes Geschehen. Sie hat einen Verlauf zu Verschlechterung, Besserung, zur Heilung oder zum fatalen Ende. Syndrome, die keinerlei Veränderung in der Zeit aufweisen, nennt man nicht mehr Krankheit, sondern Persönlichkeitsstörungen oder Behinderungen (z. B. geistige Behinderung) – früher auch Gebrechen genannt – meist kognitiver Natur.

Regionale Begriffe von psychischer Krankheit sind der lebensweltlich verankerte allgemeine Begriff von Kranksein und der medizinische oder spezifische Krankheitsbegriff, der in erster Linie die Definitionen der einzelnen Krankheiten als Diagnosen umfasst. Auch die soziale und juristische Region von psychischer Krankheit werden erläutert.
Peripheral Insulin Extraction in Non-Diabetic Subjects and Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: van Raalte Daniël H. , van der Palen Eva , Idema Pauline , Wong Liza , Keet Sander W. M. , Vlot Mariska , Tukkie Raymond , van Vlies Bob , Serné Erik H. , ten Kate Reinier W.
Published: December 2018

Background Insulin has to be transported across the capillary endothelium
to stimulate muscle glucose uptake. We investigated insulin uptake from the
peripheral circulation in non-diabetic (ND) individuals and in type 2 diabetes
(T2D) patients.

Methods Single-center cross-sectional study involving 40 ND (age
65±11 years) and 30 T2D patients (age 67±8 years). Thirty-six
participants were studied in the fasted state (22 ND subjects and 14 T2D
patients termed NDF and T2DF) and 34 participants 1-h following a glucose
challenge (18 ND subjects and 16 T2D patients indicated as NDG and T2DG). Main
outcome measure was fractional extraction (FE) of insulin (FEins)
and glucose using the forearm balance method.

Results In NDF, FEins was 18 (10–26) % at lower insulin levels
(63 51–80] pmol/l), while in NDG at higher insulin levels (776
[543–1176] pmol/l), FEins was 9 (4–16) % (p = 0.01 vs. NDF). In
NDF only, a negative correlation was observed between FEins
and arterial plasma insulin load (rho = − 0.575;p = 0.006) and
fasting plasma glucose levels (rho = − 0.551;p = 0.01). In T2DF
FEins was 6 (1–19) % and not different from FEins in T2DG (10
2–14) %), and was not associated to fasting glucose. FEins
tended to be higher in NDF compared to T2DF (p = 0.07).

Discussion We propose that in ND individuals, besides passive
diffusion, an active high-affinity pathway with limited capacity
around lower physiologic insulin levels exists for insulin
transendothelial transport, contributing to glycemic control.
In T2D patients, this mechanism of peripheral insulin uptake is
diminished or even absent. Modulation of insulin extraction
from the circulation may be a novel target to improve glucose
metabolism in T2D.
Iron-Catalyzed Synthesis of (E)-β-Vinylsilanes via a Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation from Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Zhan Zhuang-Ping , Liu Zhi-Kai , Zhang Guo-Liang , Li Ding-Chang , Yang Ying , Chen Li
Published: December 2018

A concise strategy for the synthesis of vinylsilanes from an iron-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective hydrosilylation of terminal alkynes has been developed. The catalyst and reagents are commercially available and easy to handle, providing a simple and practical method for iron-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation with a good functional group tolerance.
Highly Selective One-Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Isoflavanes using Styryl Ethers and Electron-Withdrawing ortho-Quinone Methides Generated In Situ
Authors: Hoshino Yujiro , Honda Kiyoshi , Tanaka Kenta , Kishimoto Mami , Ohtsuka Naoya , Iwama Yoshinori , Wada Hiroki
Published: December 2018

A highly selective one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted isoflavanes has been developed. The reaction proceeds through the cycloaddition of methyl styryl ethers, derived from phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetals under acidic conditions, with electron-withdrawing ortho-quinone methides generated in situ. When phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetals were reacted with salicylaldehydes, the reaction proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding isoflavanes stereoselectively in high yields and with excellent regioselectivities. The present reaction provides versatile access to functionalized isoflavanes, and constitutes a useful tool for the synthesis of biologically active molecules.