bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of advanced techniques for multi-party privacy-preserving record linkage on real-world health databases
Authors: Ranbaduge Thilina , Vatsalan Dinusha , Randall Sean , Christen Peter
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveThe linking of multiple (three or more) health databases is challenging because of the increasing sizes of databases, the number of parties among which they are to be linked, and privacy concerns related to the use of personal data such as names, addresses, or dates of birth. This entails a need to develop advanced scalable techniques for linking multiple databases while preserving the privacy of the individuals they contain. In this study we empirically evaluate several state-of-the-art multi-party privacy-preserving record linkage (MP-PPRL) techniques with large real-world health databases from Australia.

ApproachMP-PPRL is conducted such that no sensitive information is revealed about database records that can be used to infer knowledge about individuals or groups of individuals. Current state-of-the-art methods used in this evaluation use Bloom filters to encode personal identifying information. The empirical evaluation comprises of different multi-party private blocking and matching techniques that are evaluated for different numbers of parties. Each database contains more than 700,000 records extracted from ten years of New South Wales (NSW) emergency presentation data. Each technique is evaluated with regard to scalability, quality and privacy. Scalability and quality are measured using the metrics of reduction ratio, pairs completeness, precision, recall, and F-measure. Privacy is measured using disclosure risk metrics that are based on the probability of suspicion, defined as the likelihood that a record in an encoded database matches to one or more record(s) in a publicly available database such as a telephone directory. MP-PPRL techniques that either utilize a trusted linkage unit, and those that do not, are evaluated.

ResultsExperimental results showed MP-PPRL methods are practical for linking large-scale real world data. Private blocking techniques achieved significantly higher privacy than standard hashing-based techniques with a maximum disclosure risk of 0.0003 and 1, respectively, at a small cost to linkage quality and efficiency. Similarly, private matching techniques provided a similar acceptable reduction in linkage quality compared to standard non-private matching while providing high privacy protection.

ConclusionThe adoption of privacy-preserving linkage methods has the ability to significantly reduce privacy risks associated with linking large health databases, and enable the data linkage community to offer operational linkage services not previously possible. The evaluation results show that these state-of-the-art MP-PPRL techniques are scalable in terms of database sizes and number of parties, while providing significantly improved privacy with an associated trade-off in linkage quality compared to standard linkage techniques.
Processing of heterogeneous MS register data within the EUReMS project
Authors: Meissner Tina , Buckow Karoline , Baum Benjamin
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesEUReMS (European Register for Multiple Sclerosis), a project including more than ten national and regional European MS registers, is aiming to enable analyses across European registers by joining existing, heterogeneous MS data in four different studies. Each participating register delivered productive data comprising information on socio-demography, disease course, medical exams or treatment. In terms of data quality, especially comparability and integrity, a data handling routine has been implemented using an open source ETL (extract transform load) tool (“Talend Open Studio”) to process the large amounts of heterogeneous raw data. That approach will be presented.

ApproachAs a first step in harmonizing datasets of different registers, a basic EUReMS data structure was defined for each of the four project studies, considering all information required to answer the research questions. Through the data handling process, the data exports are going to be converted into the prior defined study data structure to facilitate comparability and data analyses across the various registers participating in one study. In regard to quality assurance the data handling process has been validated before providing data for analyses.

ResultsThe data handling process consists of five steps: Reading/Splitting, Cleaning, Mapping and Creating Study Datasets. During the first step, data is read and split into variables that are going to be used within the study datasets. The heterogeneity of the data is again noticeable in the data types of the source files, ranging from csv or Excel to Access Database. During the cleaning step, data is checked for incorrect or missing values and are, as a way of ensuring traceability, saved in specific reject files. In the mapping step, register specific variables are mapped to the defined EUReMS denotations. By that, the heterogeneous data is harmonized, disabling misinterpretation of register specific variables, often in national language or unfamiliar abbreviations. The data is merged into study datasets that are uniform in appearance for each study and are provided to the statistical department for analyses in order to gain insight on disease related questions.

ConclusionThe implemented process enables the transparent, standardised and reproducible handling of heterogeneous data and is the groundwork for analyses across the various MS registers. Though it is a time-consuming task at the first implementation, we have been able to harmonise the heterogeneous data successfully.
Disseminating findings from the Data Analysis with Privacy Protection for Epidemiological Research (DAPPER) workshop
Authors: Wilson Rebecca , Burton Paul , Asher Innes , Carter Kim , Castelli Adriana , Cumin David , Evelo Chris , Stewart Lesley , Tsoi Kelvin , White Emma
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesThe effective exploitation of what are often called big data is increasingly important. They provide the evidence in evidence-based health care and underpin scientific progress in many domains including social/economic policy. Typically, an optimal analysis involves working directly with microdata; i.e. the detailed data relating to each individual in the dataset. But there are many ethico-legal and other governance restrictions on physically sharing microdata. Furthermore, researchers or institutions may have an extensive intellectual property investment in complex microdata and although keen for other researchers to analyse their data they may not wish to give them a physical copy. These restrictions can discourage the use of optimum approaches to analysing pivotal data and slow scientific progress. Data science groups across the world are exploring privacy-protected approaches to analysing microdata without having to physically share the data.

ApproachA two day international workshop was arranged focussing on privacy protected approaches to data analysis – particularly federated analysis where raw data remain at their original site of collection. The workshop considered the range of approaches that exist, and those that are currently being developed. It explored the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges associated with these methods and identified situations where specific approaches have a particularly important role. The workshop included a number of practical sessions where potential users could watch demonstrations of the various approaches in action and run analyses themselves.

ResultsThe Data Analysis with Privacy Protection for Epidemiological Research (DAPPER) workshop was held 22-23rd August 2016, Bristol. We report back to the broader community on the outcomes of this workshop that focussed on exploring current approaches, tools and technical solutions that facilitate sensitive data to be shared and analysed.

ConclusionsThe workshop has helped map out key opportunities and challenges and assisted potential users, developers and other stakeholders (e.g. funders/journals) to recognise the strengths and weaknesses of different privacy protected analytic approaches. The workshop will encourage further methodological work in this field and better informed application of existing methods.
Comparing identification of children and young people with a life limiting condition from cause of death with use of an ICD-10 coding framework applied to routine clinical data
Authors: Jarvis Stuart , Fraser Lorna
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare methods of estimating prevalence of life limiting conditions (LLC) among children and young people (CYP) using (i) cause of death recorded on death certificates and (ii) diagnostic codes in routinely collected inpatient and birth records.

ApproachCYP with a LLC were identified from NHS inpatient and birth records in Scotland from 1 April 2003 to 30 March 2014 using a LLC ICD-10 coding framework. The cohort was restricted to individuals who died in the study period. For each cohort member, the LLC coding framework was used to determine whether a diagnosis identified as a LLC was recorded as the underlying cause of death. For those without LLC as an underlying cause of death, the underlying cause was checked to determine whether it was related to LLC – either itself indicative of LLC when recorded on a death certificate or related to one or more of the LLCs identified in the individual’s inpatient and birth records. Finally, for those with underlying cause of death neither a LLC nor related to a LLC, the contributing causes of death were checked against the coding framework for LLC; where found, the individual was marked as having a LLC as a contributing cause of death. These analyses were undertaken for the whole cohort, per year, by age groups and by diagnostic categories.

Results20436 CYP with a LLC were identified between 1 April 2009 and 31 March 2014, of which 2249 had died and had a death register record. Of these, 1291 (57%) had a LLC as underlying cause of death; 319 (14%) had an LLC-related underlying cause of death and 268 (12%) had LLC only among contributing causes of death. 371 (16%) had no indication of LLC in their death records. Recording of a LLC as underlying cause of death was lower (41%) amongst under 1 year olds and also varied widely by diagnostic group.

ConclusionAround one in six of CYP identified using the coding framework as having a LLC (and almost one in five of under 1s) would not have been so identified using all causes of death in death records. More than a quarter (28%) would be missed if only underlying cause of death was used. This, combined with longer survival times, means use of death records has the potential to greatly underestimate prevalence of LLC in children and young people.
The seasonality and effects of temperature and rainfall on Campylobacter infections
Authors: Djennad Abdelmajid , Nichols Gordon , Loiacono Gianni , Fleming Lora , Kessel Anthony , Kovats Sari , Lake Iain , Sarran Christophe , Elson Richard , Lane Christopher , Hoeser Christophe , Bailey Trevor
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackground Campylobacteriosis is a major public health concern. Despite evidence that climate factors influence the spatio-temporal patterns of the infections; their impact is not fully described and understood.

ObjectivesTo examine methods for determining the impact of rainfall and temperature on Campylobacter cases in England and Wales.

MethodsReported cases for England and Wales were linked to local temperature and rainfall at laboratory postcode locations in the 30 days before the specimen date. Descriptive, statistical and spatial methods included a novel Comparative Conditional Incidence (CCI), wavelet analysis, hierarchical clustering, generalized additive model (GAM) and generalized structural time series model (GEST).ResultsThe Campylobacter increase in late spring was linked to temperature two weeks prior, with an increase in CCI of 0.175 cases per 100,000 per week for weeks 17 to 24; the relationship was non-linear and changed through the year. GEST with penalized varying temperature coefficient found 33% of the seasonal change was attributable to temperature, while with a fixed temperature coefficient found 8%. Wavelet analysis showed a strong annual cycle, with harmonics at six and four months and no simple association with temperature or rainfall. Geographic clustering showed three clusters with geographic similarities, representing metropolitan, rural, and other areas.

ConclusionsOur analyses provide more robust and convincing associations than simple regression analysis. The association with temperature is likely to be indirect and the primary driver remains to be determined. Local-temporal linkage of weather parameters and cases is important in improving the resolution of climate associations with infectious diseases and provides methods which can improve disease predictions. Further examination of data from a wider geographic area and longer time series should improve the understanding of the epidemiology and drivers of human Campylobacter infections.
Exploring the Impact of Health Insurance on Health Care Utilization and Outcome Using Electronic Medical Record Data
Authors: Xu Yuan , Lu Mingshan , Li Ning , Dixon Elijah , Myers Robert , Quan Hude
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveWith tremendous potential for research and policy use, the development of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is unprecedentedly growing in China. The rich clinical and financial data in the Chinese EMR provides us a unique chance to examine the impacts of health insurance on health care utilization and outcomes, controlling for patient’s disease severity. ApproachesOur study population included patients with cirrhosis or primary liver cancer (PLC), from a large teaching hospital in Beijing. The comorbidity and disease severity variables were defined using EMR automated extraction methods that were validated in previous study. Health insurance was measured by actual reimbursement ratio (RR), which better captures patients’ actual financial burden than type of health insurance. Generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the impacts of health insurance coverage on total hospital expense, ratio of medication cost to total expense, and number of major procedures (i.e., transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, TACE) for cirrhosis. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of health insurance on hospital mortality and the rate of TACE. We employed a wide range of risk factors in our models to adjust for disease severity and comorbidities, including Charlson comorbidities, MELD-Na score, and etiological factors of liver diseases.ResultsIn total, 5,465 cirrhosis patients and 3,357 PLC patients were included in the study. Among the PLC patients we identified 534 patients underwent TACE. After adjusted for comorbidities, disease severity and other confounders, RR was found to be associated with hospital mortality with odds ratio 3.2 in cirrhosis patients and 6.0 in PLC patients. Higher RR was correlated to lower total hospital cost (logarithm transferred coefficient -0.08 in cirrhosis patients and -0.15 in PLC patients) but related to higher ratio of medication cost (logarithm transferred coefficient 0.09 in both cirrhosis and PLC patients). Additionally, higher RR was associated with higher rate (odds ratio 1.6 in PLC patients) and also more times of TACE (logarithm transferred coefficient 0.31 in TACE patients). The results were consistent between cirrhosis patients and PLC patients.ConclusionThis study provided evidences that physicians’ behavior was influenced by health insurance. Patients with more generous health insurance coverage (higher RR) were found to have relatively lower total hospital cost but higher ratio of medication cost, higher rate and more times of TACE, and were more prone to die in hospital. These are evidences for physician’s gaming reacting to the economic incentives of the payment systems in China.
Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Exploratory Data & Analytic Services Private Sector Pilot Project
Authors: Schull Michael , Paprica Alison P. , Victor Charles J. , Saskin Refik
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesPrior to the launch of ICES Data & Analytic Services (DAS) in March 2014, only ICES scientists and analysts could access ICES data, and data could only be accessed at physical ICES locations. The DAS infrastructure, which allows public sector researchers to work with coded record level data remotely through a secure virtual environment, together with broader trends including high profile reports that call for increased access to data and the Ontario government’s Open Data initiative, prompted ICES to launch a pilot project to explore potential DAS work with the private sector.

ApproachThree mandatory principles were established for all work with the private sector: (i) alignment with ICES’ mission, vision and values; (ii) transparency; (iii) private sector work must not detract from ICES’ research institute work. The pilot included: a jurisdictional scan; informal conversations with private sector organizations to determine potential services/studies of interest; extensive discussions with data partners; the selection and conduct of two pilot studies; focus groups with members of the general public and scientists; external advice on business model options; and an external evaluation of the pilot. No changes to data sharing agreements or ICES processes were required as work with the private sector and public sector are equally allowed under Ontario law.

ResultsThe two pilot studies were successfully completed. The first study “The disease burden of gout in Ontario: A real world data retrospective study” was performed by researchers at IMS Brogan (a healthcare analytic services provider) who were provided with access to coded record-level data using the DAS iDAVE environment and performed their own analyses. In the second pilot study, “The impact of adherence to biologics on healthcare resource utilization in rheumatoid arthritis”, Janssen researchers established the research question and study design, and DAS staff and scientists provided advice about data holdings, performed the analyses, and provided Janssen and three government-funded decision making bodies with results tables. Research Ethics Board approval was required for both studies, and both private sector organizations are in the process of publishing findings.

ConclusionsICES was able to work with private sector organizations without compromising the three principles. Based on the evaluation of the private sector pilot, and the findings from the focus groups, ICES will begin offering limited analytic services to private sector researchers beginning June 2016 under ICES’ existing corporate structure, and bring recommendations regarding ongoing operations to the ICES Board in June 2017.
Investigation of eAircraft energetic optimization
Authors: J. Dorogi  , T. Debreceni  , G. Gy. Balázs
Published: April 2017

The development and spreading of electric aircrafts happen differently from what we would expect based on the electrification of automotive. Replacing the total combustion based propulsion system to a fully electric drive system raises the need for optimization due to the energy efficiency. However, the mechanical and aerodynamical characteristics should be considered as well as the electrical in order to get a universal evaluation process. The aim of the present paper is to provide a method and metrics for energetic optimization during mission profile-oriented design of batteries. Therefore, more realistic claims can be raised against long-term electric aviation in terms of technical and also economical purposes.
PROFIL BATIMETRI HABITAT PEMIJAHAN IKAN TERUMBU HASIL INTEGRASI DATA INDERAJA SATELIT DAN AKUSTIK: Studi Kasus Perairan Sekitar Pulau Panggang, Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Agus Syamsul B. , Siregar Vincentius P. , Bengen Dietrich G. , Hanggono Aryo
Published: April 2017

Teknologi penginderaan jauh, optik maupun akustik, berperan sebagai perangkat utama dalam memetakan kondisi batimetri secara sinoptik dan efisien. Di perairan Kepulauan Seribu yang kompleks, profil batimetri dapat berubah akibat proses alami seperti akresi/erosi terumbu oleh biota karang/ikan dan badai, maupun akibat kegiatan manusia seperti eksploitasi pasir/karang dan penangkapan ikan (menggunakan muroami dan bom). Dalam tulisan ini, elaborasi profil batimetri di perairan sekitar Pulau Panggang akan didasari oleh kombinasi set data inderaja optik-akustik untuk mengeksplorasi habitat pemijahan ikan terumbu. Sebanyak 17 stasiun telah disurvei untuk mengamati tanda pemijahan dan ikan terumbu yang terkait (misalnya: ikan betina gravid, perubahan warna pada ikan jantan, agregasi, dll) selama periode Oktober 2010-Maret 2012. Citra Quickbird 2008 dan data akustik bim tunggal dikonversi dalam format raster berukuran grid 1 m menggunakan teknik interpolasi Inverse Distance to Power untuk menghasilkan peta batimetri 2-dimensi dan 3-dimensi yang menggambarkan kondisi dasar perairan laut dangkal. Profil terrain (kemiringan lereng) menggambarkan kondisi lateral batimetri untuk setiap lokasi yang menunjukkan tanda pemijahan ikan terumbu.
POLA PEMANFAATAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI PERAIRAN KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Endratno Endratno , Simbolon Domu , Wiryawan Budy , Yusfiandayani Roza
Published: April 2017

Kegiatan perikanan tangkap berupa area fishing ground pada kawasan konservasi perairan di Kabupaten Ciamis dapat menimbulkan konflik multi sektor dalam pengelolaan perikanan. Integrasi zonasi kawasan konservasi dengan daerah fishing ground belum pernah dilakukan karena batas zonasi kawasan konservasi belum diberikan secara definitif, sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pola pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan oleh kegiatan perikanan tangkap pada kawasan konservasi perairan Kabupaten Ciamis dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis spasial. Hasilnya menunjukkan area fishing ground, aturan-aturan mengenai jalur penangkapan pada zonasi yang ada pada kawasan konservasi perairan Kabupaten Ciamis secara spasial. Pola pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan telah sesuai pada zona pemanfaatan dan zona perikanan berkelanjutan, namun masih terdapat alat penangkapan ikan yang belum sesuai dengan mekanisme pemanfaatan berkelanjutan. Kegiatan penangkapan ikan dominan berada pada daerah pantai sehingga perlu dikembangkan dengan mendorong nelayan untuk melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan di luar wilayah pantai.
O QUE MOTIVA AS MULHERES A DOAR DINHEIRO E/OU BENS?
Authors: Mainardes Emerson Wagner , Laurett Rozelia , Degasperi Nívea Coelho Pereira
Published: April 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender o que motiva as mulheres brasileiras a doarem dinheiro e/ou bens. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 doadoras que afirmaram ter doado dinheiro e/ou bens nos últimos 12 meses. Após a coleta de dados, as entrevistas foram analisadas e identificadas 47 variáveis que motivam as mulheres a realizar a doação de dinheiro e/ou bens. Estas variáveis foram agrupadas por similaridade, o que resultou em 5 grupos que tendem a explicar o comportamento de doação das mulheres. O primeiro grupo trata das “características pessoais”, o segundo das “atitudes”, o terceiro dos “sentimentos com o próximo”, o quarto das “características da organização” e por último o grupo dos “estímulos externos”.
MECANISMO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO LIMPO: INSTRUMENTO EM PROL DA GERAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS MAIS LIMPAS NO BRASIL?
Authors: Silva Júnior Antônio Costa , Farias Luana das Graças Queiroz de , Ventura Andrea Cardoso , Andrade José Célio Silveira
Published: April 2017

Este artigo avalia a contribuição de 75 projetos de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) para a promoção de tecnologias mais limpas no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão da literatura especializada e análise de conteúdo de Documentos de Concepção de Projeto (DCP). Os dados obtidos revelaram que os projetos de MDL contribuem, de forma ainda incipiente para a promoção de tecnologias mais limpas no Brasil, visto que apenas 4% dos projetos de MDL analisados relataram a criação de patentes e inovação durante o processo de desenvolvimento da tecnologia. Ademais, apenas 21% dos projetos analisados caracterizaram-se pela geração de uma tecnologia mais limpa focada na redução da poluição de Gases do Efeito Estufa (GEE) na fonte. Conclui-se que o MDL no Brasil ainda está distante do seu propósito de estimular um modelo de desenvolvimento mais limpo através da cooperação entre países industrializados e em desenvolvimento.Palavras-chave:Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL); tecnologias mais Limpas; Gases do Efeito Estufa (GEE), BrasilABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the contribution of 75 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects for cleaner technologies promotion in Brazil. Secondary data acquired from Project Design Documents (PDD) were analyzed using the bibliographical survey of specialized literature. It was verified that such contribution was incipient, as only 4% of the projects reported the creation of patents and of innovation during the technology development process. Just 21% of them were characterized by the generation of cleaner technology aimed at reducing Greenhouse Gases (GHG) pollution at source. In conclusion, CDM projects in Brazil were considered to be distant from encouraging a cleaner model of development through cooperation between industrialized and developing countries.Keywords: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); Cleaner Technology; Greenhouse Gases (GHG); Brazil.
CONSUMO SUSTENTÁVEL NA BASE DA PIRÂMIDE: DEFININDO PAPÉIS E OBRIGAÇÕES PARA A EFETIVAÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Silva Minelle Enéas , Balbino Débora Prazeres , Gómez Carla Pasa
Published: April 2017

Diante das transformações evidenciadas em todo o mundo, sejam elas econômicas, sociais ou ambientais identifica-se a necessidade de mudança na forma de desenvolvimento, de uma visão individualista para uma mais coletivas. Nesse sentido, surge o desenvolvimento sustentável envolvendo a harmonização das dimensões supracitadas, na busca pela continuidade da presença humana no planeta. Concomitante a essa necessidade de mudança, faz-se necessário modificar os padrões de consumo até então praticados, haja vista o atual consumismo. O surgimento do consumo sustentável indica uma melhor visualização sobre as questões culturais de consumo apregoadas, assim como para a do desenvolvimento sustentável, na qual atores sociais (Governo, Empresa e Sociedade) devem interagir para que se consiga redirecionar as práticas atuais, pela co-responsáveis que possuem. A prática sustentável do consumo pode ser visualizada nos diferentes tipos de economia (TUKKER et al., 2008), cada uma merecendo um olhar diferenciado para a efetivação do consumo sustentável. Optou-se por estudar a base da pirâmide, tendo em vista seu potencial crescimento a curto prazo, ao englobar as faixas de renda C, D e E, o que representa a maioria absoluta da população e devem receber um maior atenção em várias nações. A partir dessas considerações, o objetivo do presente trabalho é compreender como o consumo sustentável pode ser efetivado na base da pirâmide, considerando que existem as influências mútuas dos atores sociais nesse sentido. Para tanto, realizou-se uma discussão teórica com o intuito de identificar ações a serem realizadas para que esse novo paradigma de consumo possa emergir nessa classe econômica.
Criterios para la presentación y publicación de originales
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Criterios para la presentación y publicación de originales. Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas. Nueva Época. Número 10
La evaluación del rendimiento individual. Un instrumento válido para lograr la eficiencia en la gestión de los Recursos Humanos en las Administraciones Públicas
Authors: Pablos Teijeiro José María , Biedma Ferrer José María
Published: April 2017

En el contexto de crisis económica que padece nuestra sociedad, el presente artículo aborda la necesidad y conveniencia de implantar en la gestión de los recursos humanos del sector público técnicas de evaluación del rendimiento individual, con el fin de lograr mayor eficiencia. Tras un estudio de la herramienta de evaluación del rendimiento en la empresa privada, el análisis profundiza en las posibilidades y limitaciones que la implementación de dicha técnica tiene en el sector público, con detenimiento en la referencia que el Estatuto Básico del Empleado Público realiza a la evaluación del rendimiento. Para finalizar se sugieren líneas futuras de investigación en este terreno.
La Gestión de Calidad en las Administraciones Públicas Españolas. Balance y perspectivas
Authors: Ruiz López Joaquín , Cuellar Martín Eloy
Published: April 2017

La institucionalización de la Gestión de Calidad en las Administraciones Públicas Españolas que tiene lugar durante la década de 2000 partiendo del marco de la Nueva Gestión Pública ha servido para consolidar la que ha sido una de las principales estrategias de modernización de las Administraciones Públicas en España. También ha facilitado un cambio cultural impulsando la apertura de las Administraciones Públicas a los nuevos retos que la modernización plantea en la actualidad: transparencia y buen gobierno, sostenibilidad e innovación. La crisis económica ha puesto en cuestión la Gestión de Calidad como estrategia en las Administraciones Públicas, para las que se proponen nuevas líneas de modernización que, en muchos casos carecen de la oportuna perspectiva integral de la gestión y que abordan el proceso de modernización de una manera fragmentaria. Los autores, llevan a cabo una aproximación al análisis de la implantación de la Gestión de Calidad en los tres niveles de la Administración, aunque más centrado en la AGE en la que disponen de fuentes primarias, para realizar un balance acerca del grado de desarrollo de esta cultura de gestión en las Administraciones Públicas Españolas. La conclusión del mencionado análisis es que la estrategia de implantación de la Gestión de Calidad en las Administraciones Públicas españolas, no solo sigue teniendo plena vigencia sino que constituye un paso necesario para abordar los nuevos retos que plantea la modernización en el ámbito público desde una perspectiva racional y en concordancia con las necesidades y expectativas de la ciudadanía.
Primeras y sumario
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Artículos de la revista
Criterios para la presentación y publicación de originales
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Normas de publicación de artículos
Autores
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Autores que intervienen en este número de la revista.
Las conferencias sectoriales (2001-2012): Dinámica de funcionamiento y valores y percepciones de los agentes políticos y técnicos
Authors: De la Peña Varona Alberto , Elizondo Lopetegi Arantxa , Juaristi Larrinaga Francisco , Mokoroa Arizkorreta Juan Luis , Mondragón Ruiz de Lezana Jaione
Published: April 2017

La organización territorial establecida en España desde 1978 se ubica en un punto intermedio entre los modelos unitarios y federales. En este marco institucional, la coordinación de las políticas sectoriales se ha canalizado a través de organismos intergubernamentales como las Conferencias Sectoriales, que pretenden integrar a las Comunidades Autónomas en los procesos de toma de decisión del Estado. De la misma manera, estas Conferencias son canales para establecer una coordinación horizontal entre las Comunidades Autónomas en un contexto como el español, donde apenas han tenido desarrollo suficiente otras herramientas diseñadas específicamente a este fin. En este artículo se presentan las principales conclusiones de un proyecto de investigación financiado por el Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública (INAP) en 2013 Este proyecto se orienta al análisis del funcionamiento, la dinámica y los resultados del trabajo de las Conferencias Sectoriales, así como a su papel como instrumentos de gobierno compartido. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis empírico que, además del estudio formal de estos organismos, presta atención a elementos como el factor humano, el liderazgo, la ideología o la propia naturaleza de los temas tratados.
Estrategias de análisis estructural aplicadas a la evaluación de Políticas Públicas
Authors: Ramos-Vidal Ignacio
Published: April 2017

Las políticas públicas suelen materializarse a través de programas implementados por diferentes organismos. Cuando son varias agencias las encargadas de llevar a cabo un programa, este conjunto de organizaciones puede adoptar la forma de una red inter-organizativa. El análisis estructural hace posible evaluar este tipo de estructuras en orden a que los resultados de la evaluación puedan incidir positivamente sobre la iniciativa puesta en marcha a través de la red. En este artículo presentamos el potencial del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS) para evaluar redes inter-organizativas que ponen en funcionamiento programas de intervención. El manuscrito se divide en cuatro secciones. La primera está dedicada a mostrar antecedentes en los que se emplea el análisis de redes inter-organizativas en la evaluación de programas. En la segunda repasamos los elementos claves para diseñar un análisis estructural, prestando especial atención a los niveles de análisis y a cuestiones relativas al muestreo y al procedimiento de extracción de datos. El tercer bloque se centra en exponer diferentes indicadores que pueden emplearse para evaluar redes inter-organizativas. En la última sección reflexionamos sobre el potencial del ARS en la evaluación de políticas públicas y revisamos técnicas emergentes que pueden mejorar los resultados de la evaluación.
Autores
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Autores con participación en este número.
Primeras y sumario
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Índice Revista GAPP, número 14. Julio-diciembre de 2015
Hamburguesas y eficiencia. Del estado de bienestar a la sociedad del bienestar
Authors: García Inda Agustín
Published: April 2017

La crisis iniciada en 2008 ha mostrado una serie de problemas estructurales en distintos planos del sistema económico global y, en particular, en la sociedad española. Las crisis primero ‘subprime’ norteamericana, de la zona euro después, de la burbuja inmobiliaria, etc. en España ha mostrado algunas contradicciones, especialmente en la formulación y provisión del bienestar social. En esta comunicación se presenta la llamada “metáfora de la hamburguesa” como constructo teórico que explica las ineficiencias del sector público y cómo, por sus características políticas y sociales, fracasan las soluciones. Ese fracaso, las tendencias demográficas y los déficits crónicos exigen respuestas que garanticen los derechos políticos, civiles y sociales. Las soluciones se resumen en la “teoría de las tres eses”: Suprimir iniciativas públicas, Sustituir público por privado y Simplificar; en definitiva, aplicar el principio de subsidiariedad hasta el individuo para pasar del Estado de Bienestar a la Sociedad de Bienestar. Para ello se plantean, –considerando la literatura ‘clásica’ sobre las políticas sociales, el estado social, los mundos del bienestar, el post-capitalismo y el pluralismo del bienestar– tres preguntas: (i). ¿Qué ineficiencias se dan en las políticas públicas y sociales? (ii). ¿Puede la sociedad española en el contexto de la Unión Europea soportar esa ineficiencia cronificada? (iii). ¿Sirve la respuesta al modo holandés tal como se expresó en el discurso del príncipe de septiembre de 2013? Los condicionantes socio-políticos del sector público y sus consecuencias económicas determinan su ineficiencia intrínseca. El propio sistema obstaculiza su solución, dada la preferencia del político por el rédito electoral. Los modelos de empleo y gasto maniatan al gestor y otros factores socioculturales impiden la reforma. Diversos planes de modernización, medidas de simplificación administrativa y de administración electrónica, etc. no han tenido efecto sobre la eficiencia. Con la Teoría de las 3S se propone un proceso de reflexión y “adelgazamiento” competencial para que la subsidiariedad del Estado respecto a la sociedad civil sea real y efectiva, sin renunciar al Bienestar. La provisión de Bienestar social habrá de venir por otro camino que conducirá a la Sociedad del Bienestar. Individuos, asociaciones o empresas han de recuperar “la res publica”. Se trata de equilibrar el actual trade off de responsabilidades: la responsabilidad social “activa” (de implicación) del sector privado y del llamado “tercer sector” y la responsabilidad “pasiva” (de autolimitación) del Sector Público.
Criterios para la presentación y publicación de originales
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Criterios para la presentación y publicación de originales. Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas. Nueva Época. Número 15
Autores
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Autores. Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas. Nueva Época. Número 16
Principios Éticos
Authors: GAPP Revista
Published: April 2017

Principios Éticos. Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas. Nueva Época. Número 16
WBC Associates with Readmission Following Cystectomy
Authors: McIntosh Andrew G. , Li Tianyu , Ito Timothy , Mannion Jason , Dziemianowicz Mark , Waingankar Nikhil , Haseebuddin Mohammed , Chen David Y.T. , Greenberg Richard E. , Viterbo Rosalia , Kutikov Alexander , Uzzo Robert G. , Smaldone Marc C. , Abbosh Philip H.
Published: April 2017

Background: Radical cystectomy is associated with perioperative complication rates exceeding 50% in some series. Readmission rates are increasingly used as a surgical quality metric. White blood cell count is a crude surrogate for physiologic processes which may reflect postoperative complications leading to readmission.

Objective: We assessed the association between final white blood cell count at discharge and risk of readmission following radical cystectomy.

Methods: Records on 477 patients undergoing radical cystectomy from 2006–2013 were reviewed. Final white blood cell count was defined as the last documented value during index admission. Univariate analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Spearman’s coefficient tests where appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the associations between final white blood cell count and readmission.

Results: 34% of patients were readmitted within 90 days of surgery. Amongst this cohort, a cutoff final white blood cell count of 9000/mm3 was identified, with a significantly higher proportion of patients with values >9000/mm3 experiencing readmission than those with values≤9000/mm3 (42% vs 28%, p = 0.004). Other perioperative variables associated with an increased readmission rate included initial hospital length of stay≤10 days, and receipt of a continent diversion. Following adjustment, final white blood cell count >9000/mm3 was associated with increased risk of readmission (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.23–3.53, p = 0.006).

Conclusions: Final white blood cell count is associated with hospital readmission following radical cystectomy. This metric may provide important guidance in discharge algorithms.
Phase I Clinical Trial of Everolimus Combined with Trimodality Therapy in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Bachir Bassel G. , Souhami Luis , Mansure Jose João , Cury Fabio , Vanhuyse Marie , Brimo Fadi , Aprikian Armen G. , Tanguay Simon , Sturgeon Jeremy , Kassouf Wassim
Published: April 2017

Background: Local control following trimodality therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) requires further optimization.

Objective: Evaluating the biologic endpoint, feasibility, and toxicity of integrating everolimus to TMT in patients with MIBC.

Methods: This was a phase I trial in patients with MIBC who were not surgical candidates or who refused cystectomy. Following maximal transurethral tumor resection, patients were treated by radiotherapy (50 Gy/20 fractions), gemcitabine (100 mg/m2/weekly) and escalating doses of everolimus (2.5–5.0 mg/day). Everolimus was given daily for one month prior to radiation, during treatment, and one month post-radiation. Toxicity assessment followed the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria. Biologic endpoint with downregulation of phospho-S6 (pS6) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Local response was evaluated with imaging and bladder biopsy post-therapy.

Results: 10 patients were recruited; 8 males, 2 females. Median age was 78 years (range: 63–85). Four patients entered everolimus 2.5 mg cohort. Six other patients entered everolimus 5.0 mg cohort. Toxicities were encountered in 2 patients (Grade I), 6 patients (Grade II), 9 patients (Grade III) and 1 patient (Grade IV), with some experiencing more than one toxicity. Most Grade III and IV toxicities were encountered from everolimus alone prior to combination testing. Trial was terminated early due to toxicity. Interestingly, 6/10 patients (60%) achieved a complete response with negative post-treatment biopsies. Significant decrease of pS6 was demonstrated post-therapy ( p = 0.03).

Conclusions: Although combining everolimus with TMT achieved a biological endpoint and complete response in a significant number of patients with MIBC and negative prognostic factors, it was associated with unacceptable increased toxicity.
Design of a multilayer Halbach permanent magnet for human finger NMR detection
Authors: Hu Jianxiong , Yi Hong , Yin Qifeng , Zhou Xinlong , Lu Rongsheng , Ni Zhonghua
Published: April 2017

Permanent magnet is the key component of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument. Based on the principle of Halbach array, this study designs and optimizes a multilayer Halbach permanent magnet for human finger NMR detection. The quality factor (QF) is introduced to represent the performance of magnetic field, firstly. The impact on magnetic performance, caused by various magnet heights, is analyzed using Finite Element Method(FEM). In order to compensate the end effect, the radial adjustment method is proposed, combining the adjustments of the radial size and the radial position of the magnet blocks. Comparing the effect on magnetic field of three different plans, the results show that combining the adjustments of inner radius and outer radius shims the field dramatically. Finally the designed construction is stacked by 11 layers of magic rings and each layer is composed of 8 trapezoid-shaped magnets. The magnetic field of the center cylindrical region (ϕ20 × 20 mm) of the structure is calculated, whose final strength achieves up to 447 mT and homogeneity is within 500 ppm. The designed magnet structure is manufactured and the measurement is finished in the end. The proposed construction has the advantages of small size and high uniformity, which has an extensive application prospect in portable NMR system.
Electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave long-term monitoring and data difference adaptive extraction method for buried oil-gas pipelines
Authors: Zhang Yu , Huang Songling , Zhao Wei , Wang Shen , Wang Qing
Published: April 2017

An increasing number of buried oil-gas pipelines are generated in recent years and defects occur with higher probability in their long-running process. This work proposes an electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave (EUGW) long-term monitoring scheme for buried oil-gas pipelines and a data difference adaptive extraction method for the monitoring data. The T (0,1) mode guided wave is selected because of its non-dispersive characteristic. For the electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT), a circumferentially magnetized nickel strap is bonded on the pipe to provide the bias magnetic field and the excitation coils are winded on the nickel strap to provide the dynamic magnetic field. A detection stub is planted on the ground and the connector of buried coils is installed in the stub. The difference array is constructed and adaptive gain and attenuation are performed in the data difference adaptive extraction method. The EUGW long-term monitoring scheme is on-site applied for buried oil pipes in Jinan city, Shandong province, China. The EMAT is installed and buried with the pipe, and the periodical detection is conducted from December 2015 till now, once per month. A pit is found and verified by excavation at the distance 9.25 m from the buried EMAT on the flow direction. On-site detection results show that the data extraction method can dramatically improve the signal to noise ratio of the monitoring data and accurately extract the difference and variation of the pipe's structural health condition that occurred in the long-term service. The EUGW long-term monitoring scheme is proved to be a feasible method with prosperous prospect for the structural health monitoring of buried oil-gas pipelines.
Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Crystallographic Studies of N-Palmitoyl-ethanol Amine (PEA) Derivatives
Authors: Saturnino Carmela , Popolo Ada , Ramunno Anna , Adesso Simona , Pecoraro Michela , Plutino Maria , Rizzato Silvia , Albinati Alberto , Marzocco Stefania , Sala Marina , Iacopetta Domenico , Sinicropi Maria
Published: April 2017

N-Palmitoyl-ethanolamine (PEA) is an anti-inflammatory component of egg yolk that is usually employed for the prevention of respiratory apparatus virus infection and then frequently used for its efficient anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in experimental models of visceral, neuropathic, and inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, data of its use in animal or human therapy are still scarce and further studies are needed. Herein, we report the biological evaluation of a small library of N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine analogues or derivatives, characterized by a protected acid function (either as palmitoyl amides or hexadecyl esters), useful to decrease their hydrolysis rate in vitro and prolong their biological activity. Two of these compounds—namely phenyl-carbamic acid hexadecyl ester (4) and 2-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (4-nitro-phenyl)-amide (5)—have shown good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, without affecting the viability of J774A.1 macrophages. Finally, crystals suitable for X-ray analysis of compound 4 have been obtained, and its solved crystal structure is here reported. Our outcomes may be helpful for a rational drug design based on new PEA analogues/derivatives with improved biological properties.
Lyme disease and Bell’s palsy: an epidemiological study of diagnosis and risk in England
Authors: Cooper Lilli , Branagan-Harris Michael , Tuson Richard , Nduka Charles
Published: April 2017

Background

Lyme disease is caused by a tick-borne spirochaete of the Borrelia species. It is associated with facial palsy, is increasingly common in England, and may be misdiagnosed as Bell’s palsy.

Aim

To produce an accurate map of Lyme disease diagnosis in England and to identify patients at risk of developing associated facial nerve palsy, to enable prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment.

Design and setting

Hospital episode statistics (HES) data in England from the Health and Social Care Information Centre were interrogated from April 2011 to March 2015 for International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) codes A69.2 (Lyme disease) and G51.0 (Bell’s palsy) in isolation, and as a combination.

Method

Patients’ age, sex, postcode, month of diagnosis, and socioeconomic groups as defined according to the English Indices of Deprivation (2004) were also collected.

Results

Lyme disease hospital diagnosis increased by 42% per year from 2011 to 2015 in England. Higher incidence areas, largely rural, were mapped. A trend towards socioeconomic privilege and the months of July to September was observed. Facial palsy in combination with Lyme disease is also increasing, particularly in younger patients, with a mean age of 41.7 years, compared with 59.6 years for Bell’s palsy and 45.9 years for Lyme disease (P = 0.05, analysis of variance [ANOVA]).

Conclusion

Healthcare practitioners should have a high index of suspicion for Lyme disease following travel in the areas shown, particularly in the summer months. The authors suggest that patients presenting with facial palsy should be tested for Lyme disease.