bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring uncertainty in population viability analysis and its implications for the conservation of a freshwater fish
Authors: McCusker Megan R. , Curtis Janelle M.R. , Lovejoy Nathan R. , Mandrak Nicholas E.
Published: April 2017

A spatially explicit metapopulation viability model was created within RAMAS‐GIS to address questions related to the conservation and management of a freshwater species at risk (Notropis anogenus). Population viability analysis was conducted to evaluate extinction risk and sensitivity analyses were undertaken to identify the most important spatial and non‐spatial parameters influencing extinction and decline.

As biodiversity offsets are increasingly used to compensate for habitat loss, the population model was also used to explore the effectiveness of four potential offsetting mechanisms. In particular, this study addressed whether the impact of habitat loss on a species at risk could be compensated by: (i) increasing habitat elsewhere; (ii) increasing vital rates; (iii) increasing abundance; and (iv) increasing connectivity.

Results suggest that extinction risk is low for this metapopulation and that the risk of extinction was most sensitive to vital rates.

Compensating habitat loss with habitat gain, the most straightforward approach explored, was by far the most effective type of compensation. Increasing vital rates was the second most promising approach. Although increasing abundance and increasing connectivity could not be categorically ruled out, their effectiveness was much more limited.

Overall, this study provided insight into the influence of spatial and non‐spatial parameters on abundance, patch occupancy, and extinction risk of an aquatic species. This approach can be applied to a wide variety of species to evaluate the effect of ecosystem perturbations and inform management options.
Simple Nanodroplet Templating of Functional Surfaces with Tailored Wettability and Microstructures
Authors: Peng Shuhua , Zhang Xuehua
Published: April 2017

Recently, solvent exchange has been demonstrated as a simple solution‐based approach for the controlled formation of surface nanodroplets over large areas. The as‐formed surface nanodroplets provide new opportunities for a wide range of droplet‐based applications. Herein, it is demonstrated that surface nanodroplets can be used as versatile structural templates for the fabrication of functional surfaces with tailored wettability and morphology. Guided by the microstructural and wetting properties of desert beetle's back and cactus spine, two types of functional surfaces have been prepared. The first biomimetic surface of desert beetle's back, with hydrophilic lumps on a hydrophobic background, was obtained by independent selective surface modification of polymerized surface nanodroplets and the background surface. The second surface, with anisotropic wetting microstructures, was fabricated by controlled deposition of droplets on the rim of polymer lenses. The results showed systematic improvement of wettability and efficiency of water collection by using the as‐prepared biomimetic surfaces, compared with substrates without the designed microstructures. This work demonstrates surface nanodroplets as a new type of template in the design and preparation of functional surfaces with controlled wettability and morphology.
A Numerical Approximation‐Based Controller for Mobile Robots with Velocity Limitation
Authors: Serrano Mario E. , Godoy Sebastián A. , Rómoli Santiago , Scaglia Gustavo J.E.
Published: April 2017

In this paper the problem of trajectory tracking considers that the values of the control actions do not exceed a maximum allowable value and the zero convergence of tracking errors is demonstrated. The control law is based on a linear algebra approach. First, the desired trajectories of some state variables are determined by analyzing the conditions for a system of linear equations to have an exact solution. Therefore, the control signals are obtained by solving the system of linear equations. The optimal controller parameters are selected through nonlinear programming so as to prevent the saturation of the control actions. Experimental results are presented and discussed, demonstrating the controller's good performance. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller is compared with a fuzzy controller, and all the results are validated through experimental laboratory tests.
Variation in Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds of Curcuma kwangsiensis Collected from Natural Habitats
Authors: Zhang Lanyue , Yang Zhiwen , Huang Zebin , Zhao Mincong , Li Penghui , Zhou Wei , Zhang Kun , Zheng Xi , Lin Li , Tang Jian , Fang Yanxiong , Du Zhiyun
Published: April 2017

The chemical compositions of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Curcuma kwangsiensis rhizomes collected from six natural habitats in P. R. China were evaluated using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fifty‐seven components were identified from the six EOs, and their main constituents were 8,9‐dehydro‐9‐formyl‐cycloisolongifolene (2.37 – 42.59%), germacrone (6.53 – 22.20%), and l‐camphor (0.19 – 6.12%). The six EOs exhibited different DPPH radical‐scavenging activities (IC50, 2.24 – 31.03 μg/ml), with the activity of most of EOs being much higher than that of Trolox C (IC50, 10.49 μg/ml) and BHT (IC50, 54.13 μg/ml). Most EOs had potent antimicrobial effects against the tested bacteria and fungus. They also exhibited cytotoxicity against B16 (IC50, 4.44 – 147.4 μg/ml) and LNCaP cells (IC50, 73.94 – 429.25 μg/ml). The EOs showed excellent anti‐inflammatory action by significantly downregulating expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase‐2, and tumor necrosis factor‐α. This study provides insight into the interrelation among growth location, phytoconstituents, and bioactivities, and the results indicate the potential of C. kwangsiensis as natural nutrients, medicines, and others additives.
Facile Synthesis of π‐Extended Viologens: Electron‐Deficient Polycyclic Aza‐aromatics
Authors: Yang Yihui , Liu Dayong , Song Mingjie , Shi Donghui , Liu Bo , Cheng Kunmu , Lu Yao , Liu Heng , Yang Mingyu , Wang Wenliang , Li Jing , Wei Junfa
Published: April 2017

A novel family of π‐extended viologens has been synthesized by a concise 3‐step route from simple and readily available chemicals. The π‐enlargement gives the system new photophysical and electrochemical properties such as photoluminescence and changed redox potentials.
Paragenesis of Palladium–Cobalt Nanoparticle in Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Nanotubes as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen‐Evolution Reaction and Oxygen‐Reduction Reaction
Authors: Huang Binbin , Chen Liyu , Wang Yan , Ouyang Liuzhang , Ye Jianshan
Published: April 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Liuzhang Ouyang and Jianshan Ye from South China University of Technology. The image depicts the structure of Pd‐CoCNTs and its usage as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen‐evolution reaction. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201700544.
Eine Magnetrührplatte selbst gebaut: Der ‚Magneto’
Authors: Wagner Tom
Published: April 2017

Magnetrührplatten erleichtern nicht nur im Laboralltag die Arbeit, auch bei Schulexperimenten können durch kontinuierliches Rühren genauere Ergebnisse bei Langzeittitrationen oder kalorimetrischen Messungen erzielt werden. Im folgenden Artikel wird eine Bauanleitung vorgestellt, nach der mit einfachen Mitteln in kurzer Zeit eine kostengünstige und robuste Magnetrührplatte für den Chemieunterricht gebaut werden kann.
Electrical and Photoresponse Properties of Inversion Asymmetric Topological Insulator BiTeCl Nanoplates
Authors: Liu Yujing , Yin Jianbo , Tan Zhenjun , Wang Mingzhan , Wu Jinxiong , Liu Zhongfan , Peng Hailin
Published: April 2017

Topological insulators (TIs) are new quantum materials with bulk energy gaps and unique helical gapless surface states protected by time‐reversal symmetry, providing a platform for the exploration of novel quantum phenomena and emerging applications. Bismuth tellurochloride (BiTeCl), the first strong inversion asymmetric topological insulator, has attracted considerable attention because of its exotic crystal structure and electrical band structure. Herein, we report the crystalline‐surface‐dependent n‐type and p‐type field effect transistors based on two‐dimensional (2D) BiTeCl nanoplates. The p‐type 2D BiTeCl exhibited a relatively strong photosensitivity with small dark current. Photovoltage generation in the vertical conducting channel of 2D BiTeCl is enhanced by 2–3 times in comparison with that in the planar conducting channel, presumably due to the enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs induced by the existing built‐in electric field in polarized BiTeCl nanoplates. Our studies may encourage devoted efforts towards intrinsic topological p‐n junctions and high‐performance electrical and optoelectronic devices.
Gas‐Phase Photochemical Overall H2S Splitting by UV Light Irradiation
Authors: Baldovi Herme G. , Albero Josep , Ferrer Belen , Mateo Diego , Alvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo
Published: April 2017

Splitting of hydrogen sulfide is achieved to produce value‐added chemicals. Upon irradiation at 254 nm in the gas phase and in the absence of catalysts or photocatalysts at near room temperature, H2S splits into stoichiometric amounts of H2 and S with a quantum efficiency close to 50 %. No influence of the presence of CH4 and CO2 (typical components in natural gas and biogas in which H2S is an unwanted component) on the efficiency of overall H2S splitting was observed. A mechanism for the H2 and S formation is proposed.
Metal–Phenolic Carbon Nanocomposites for Robust and Flexible Energy‐Storage Devices
Authors: Oh Jun Young , Jung Yeonsu , Cho Young Shik , Choi Jaeyoo , Youk Ji Ho , Fechler Nina , Yang Seung Jae , Park Chong Rae
Published: April 2017

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Chong Rae Park at Seoul National University. The image shows that metal– phenolic network on carbon nanotubes can provide unique capacitive performances and mechanical properties for supercapacitor electrodes. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201601615.
Timing and body condition of dichromatic Black Redstarts during autumn migration
Authors: Roth Tobias , Bader Elias , Frara Patrick , Heer Lorenz , Flück Heinz , Lüthi Thomas , Schlup Barbara , Schwaller Thomas
Published: April 2017

Individual variation in postjuvenile molt in male Black Redstart is pronounced with about 90% of young males retaining female‐like coloration (cairei plumage type) and about 10% acquiring adult male‐like feathers (paradoxus plumage type). We examined whether autumn migration timing and body condition differed between individuals of the two plumage types. We used the data of 10,977 Black Redstarts captured during autumn at a ringing site in northern Switzerland where a protocol to record plumage types of captures has been applied since 1980. As cairei individuals cannot be distinguished from young females while sexing is comparatively easy for paradoxus individuals, the proportion of missing data on sex was likely to be higher for cairei individuals than for paradoxus individuals. We formally accounted for captures with unidentified sex using a Bayesian approach and conducted a simulation study to show that our approach was able to provide unbiased results even if the proportion of unsexed captures was high. Applying the method to the Black Redstart data, we found that the proportion of individuals with paradoxus plumage type increased from 7.6% in 1980 to 18.1% in 2013. Individuals with the paradoxus plumage type were on average 0.25 g heavier and had 0.62 mm longer third primaries than individuals with the cairei plumage type. However, we found no support for our expectation of later migration of paradoxus males compared to cairei individuals based on the assumption that paradoxus individuals should occupy autumn territories like adult males. Our results shed new light on the understudied timing of autumn migration in birds and are in line with available studies on Black Redstarts, suggesting a molt‐constraint that allows only young males in good body condition to molt into adult‐like plumages.
Evolutionary stability and the rarity of grandmothering
Authors: Field Jared M. , Bonsall Michael B.
Published: April 2017

The provision of intergenerational care, via the Grandmother Hypothesis, has been implicated in the evolution of postfertile longevity, particularly in humans. However, if grandmothering does provide fitness benefits, a key question is why has it evolved so infrequently? We investigate this question with a combination of life‐history and evolutionary game theory. We derive simple eligibility and stability thresholds, both of which must be satisfied if intergenerational care is first to evolve and then to persist in a population. As one threshold becomes easier to fulfill, the other becomes more difficult, revealing a conflict between the two. As such, we suggest that, in fact, we should expect the evolution of grandmothering to be rare.
Biotic resistance shapes the influence of propagule pressure on invasion success in bacterial communities
Authors: Jones Matt L. , Ramoneda Josep , Rivett Damian W. , Bell Thomas
Published: April 2017

The number of invaders and the timing of invasion are recognized as key determinants of successful invasions. Despite the recognized importance of “propagule pressure,” invasion ecology has largely focused on how characteristics of the native community confer invasion resistance. We simultaneously manipulated community composition and invader propagule pressure in microcosm communities of freshwater bacteria. We show that high propagule pressures can be necessary to establish an invader population, but that the influence of propagule pressure depends on the composition of the resident species. In particular, the number of individuals invading was most important to invasion success when one of the species in a resident community is a strong competitor against other species. By contrast, the timing of invasion was most important when communities had lower growth rates. The results suggest that the importance of propagule pressure varies both between communities and within the same community over time, and therefore have implications for the way we understand the relationship between biotic resistance and invasion success.
The Controllable Synthesis of Octadecahedral BiVO4 with Exposed {111} Facets
Authors: Zhang Yifeng , Gong Huihua , Zhang Yu , Liu Keiwei , Cao Hongmei , Yan Hongjian , Zhu Jianguo
Published: April 2017

Urea was used as a reactant and base retardant for the controllable synthesis of octadecahedral BiVO4 (OD‐BiVO4) with exposed {111}, {010}, {011}, and {110} facets. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV/Vis spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of the urea molecules on the morphology of BiVO4 was studied. The urea molecules show a preferential adsorption on the {111}, {010}, {011}, and {110} facets of BiVO4, and the urea molecules on the {111} facets retard the growth of the {010}, {011}, and {110} facets. The growth of BiVO4 in ammonia solution and through the urea hydrolysis method was studied in detail. The photocatalytic efficiency of OD‐BiVO4 for the photodegradation of rhodamine B was also studied.
Electrooxidative Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative α‐Sulfonylation of 1H‐Indole with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Feng Mei‐Lin , Xi Long‐Yi , Chen Shan‐Yong , Yu Xiao‐Qi
Published: April 2017

A method for the electrochemical α‐sulfonylation of 1H‐indole with arenesulfinates was developed. A variety of indoles underwent this sulfonylation smoothly at room temperature under metal‐free and chemical‐oxidant‐free conditions to afford indolyl aryl sulfones in good to high yields. This reaction was found to tolerate a variety of functional groups, including halides and cyclopropyl, ether, ester, and aldehyde groups. It was applied to the synthesis of biologically active 5‐HT6 modulators.
An attempt for fast separation of enantiomers in nano‐liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography
Authors: D'Orazio Giovanni , Kakava Rusudan , Volonterio Alessandro , Fanali Salvatore , Chankvetadze Bezhan
Published: April 2017

In the present study, an attempt was made to achieve separation of enantiomers within a minute in nano‐LC and CEC. In order to achieve this goal several parameters were optimized from the viewpoint of the property of chiral analytes, concentration of the chiral selector in the packing material, capillary dimensions, and separation mode. The enantiomers of several of the applied chiral sulfoxides could be resolved with the analysis time <1 min. Some instrumental obstacles hindering further reduction of analysis time are also highlighted.
Investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a storage tank with different foundation types focusing on the soil‐foundation‐structure interactions using centrifuge model tests
Authors: Park Heon‐Joon , Ha Jeong‐Gon , Kwon Sun‐Yong , Lee Moon‐Gyo , Kim Dong‐Soo
Published: April 2017

This paper proposes a dynamic centrifuge model test method for the accurate simulation of the behaviours of a liquid storage tank with different types of foundations during earthquakes. The method can be used to determine the actual stress conditions of a prototype storage‐tank structure. It was used in the present study to investigate the soil‐foundation‐structure interactions of a simplified storage tank under two different earthquake motions, which were simulated using a shaking table installed in a centrifuge basket. Three different types of foundations were considered, namely, a shallow foundation, a slab on the surface of the ground connected to piles and a slab with disconnected piles. The test results were organised to compare the ground surface and foundation motions, the slab of foundation and top of structure motions and the horizontal and vertical motions of the slab, respectively. These were used to establish the complex dynamic behaviours of tank models with different foundations. The effects of soil–foundation–structure interaction with three foundation conditions and two different earthquake motions are focused and some important factors, that should be considered for future designs are also discussed in this research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RETRACTED: A randomized trial of local endometrial injury during ovulation induction cycles
Authors: Helmy Medhat E.E. , Maher Mohammad A. , Elkhouly Nabih I. , Ramzy Mahmoud
Published: April 2017

Objective

To investigate the effect of endometrial injury on pregnancy outcomes among infertile women taking clomifene citrate.

Methods

A prospective randomized trial was undertaken at an Egyptian hospital between January 26, 2015, and July 17, 2016. Eligible women (≥1 year primary/secondary/unexplained infertility, aged 20–35 years, day‐2 follicle‐stimulating hormone <12 IU/L, normal prolactin/thyroid function/uterine cavity, ≥1 patent tube, male partner with normal semen count and motility, 3 cycles of clomifene citrate without success) were randomly allocated (1:1) using computer‐generated numbers into intervention (received endometrial injury on cycle day 15–24) or control groups (sham procedure). Women began ovulation induction on days 3–5 of the following cycle. Participants and investigators were not masked to group assignment. The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and multiple pregnancy rates. Women who completed follow‐up were included in analyses.

Results

The intervention group included 52 women and the control group 53 women. The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the intervention group (37% [n=19]) than in the control group (13% [n=7]; P=0.006). No differences between the intervention and control groups were noted for spontaneous abortion rate (11% [2/19] vs 29% [2/7]; P=0.287) or multiple pregnancy rate (11% [2/19] vs 14% [1/7]; P=0.790). No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusion

Endometrial injury before ovulation induction could improve chances of pregnancy and its outcomes.

ClinicalTrials.gov

NCT02345837.
Brain Concentration of Ginsenosides and Pharmacokinetics after Oral Administration of Mountain‐cultivated Ginseng
Authors: Li Meijia , Guan Yiming , Liu Ning , Shao Cai , Liu Zhengbo , Chen Jianbo , Wang Qiuxia , Pan Xiaoxi , Sun Hai , Zhang Yayu
Published: April 2017

Mountain‐cultivated ginseng (MCG) can be considered a mimic of wild ginseng, whose seeds are sowed artificially, cultivated in the natural environment, and returned to the wild state before being used clinically. Cultivated ginseng (CG) and MCG are mainly used as the commercial material for clinical applications. However, MCG is much more expensive but effective than CG. The aim of this study is to explore the differences in the pharmacokinetics and brain concentration of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd after oral administration of MCG, CG, and pure ginsenosides. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine the concentration of the four ginsenosides in rat plasma and brain tissue. Compared with the pure group, the area under the curve (AUC) of all the four ginsenosides for CG and MCG increased. The mean brain concentrations of the four ginsenosides were found to be 10‐ to 15‐fold lower than the corresponding contents in the plasma, and the poor permeability of ginsenosides into blood–brain barrier was indicated by the low concentrations of the four ginsenosides.
Icteric human samples: Icterus index and method of estimating an interference‐free value for 16 biochemical analyses
Authors: Nicolay Alain , Lorec Anne‐Marie , Gomez Guy , Portugal Henri
Published: April 2017

Background

Hemolysis, Icterus, and Lipemia constituting the HIL index, are the most common causes of interference with accurate measurement in biochemistry. This study focuses on bilirubin interference, aiming to identify the analyses impacted and proposing a way to predict nominal interference‐free analyte concentrations, based on both analyte level and Icterus Index (Iict).

Methods

Sixteen common analytes were studied: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase (AMY), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (CHOLT), creatinine (CREA, enzymatic method), fructosamine (FRUC), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), HDL cholesterol (HDLc), total iron (Iron), lipase (LIP), inorganic phosphorus (Phos), total protein (PROT), triglycerides (TG), and uric acid (UA). Both the traditional 10% change in concentrations from baseline and the Total Change Level (TCL) were taken as acceptance limits. Nineteen pools of sera covering a wide range of values were tested on the Cobas® 6000 (Roche Diagnostics). Iict ranged from 0 to 60.

Results

Eight analytes increased (FRUC and Phos) or decreased (CHOLT, CREA, HDLc, PROT, TG, and UA) significantly when Iict increased. FRUC, HDLc, PROT, and UA showed a linear relationship when Iict increased. A non‐linear relationship was found for TG, CREA, and for CHOLT; this also depended on analyte levels. Others were not impacted, even at high Iict.

Conclusions

A method of estimating an interference‐free value for FRUC, HDLc, PROT, Phos, UA, TG, and CREA, and for CHOLT in cases of cholestasis, is proposed. Iict levels are identified based on analytical performance goals, and equations to recalculate interference‐free values are also proposed.
Additional values of high‐resolution gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MR cholangiography for evaluating the biliary anatomy of living liver donors: Comparison with T2‐weighted MR cholangiography and conventional gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MR cholangiography
Authors: Kang Hyo‐Jin , Lee Jeong Min , Yoon Jeong Hee , Joo Ijin , Chang Won , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Yi Nam‐Joon , Han Joon Koo
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To determine the incremental value of small field of view (sFOV) high‐resolution (HR) gadoxetic acid‐enhanced 3D T1‐weighted (W) magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) for evaluating the biliary anatomy of potential living donors by comparing it to T2W‐MRC.

Materials and Methods

In all, 73 living donor candidates underwent gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI (3.0T) including three kinds of MRCs: 3D multislice T2W‐MRC, regular FOV (rFOV) (380 × 380mm, resolution 1.0 × 1.2 × 3.0 mm) 3D T1W‐MRC, and sFOV (256 × 208 mm, resolution 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm) HR‐T1W‐MRC. Three radiologists reviewed the image sets for the visibility of segmental intrahepatic bile ducts (BDs), biliary anatomy with its confidence level, and expected number of BD openings at right hemihepatectomy.

Results

Compared to T2W‐MRC alone, the combination of sFOV HR‐T1W‐MRC and T2W‐MRC (sT1W‐HR set) yielded significantly improved BD visibility scores (P < 0.01) and confidence levels for biliary anatomy (P < 0.01). Compared to the rT1W set (rFOV T1W‐MRC with T2W MRC), the sFOV HR set showed significantly increased caudate duct visibility (P < 0.001). In the case of T2W‐MRC presenting subdiagnostic image quality, the addition of sFOV HRT1W‐MRC provided diagnostically acceptable image visibility (53.8∼90%) to all reviewers. The addition of sFOV HR‐T1W‐MRC resulted in a significantly higher consistency with the operative record and expected number of BD openings than did T2W‐MRC alone (P < 0.05 in all reviewers) or rFOV set (P < 0.05 in one reviewer) with excellent interobserver agreement of both T1W‐MRC sets.

Conclusion

The combination of sFOV HR‐T1W‐MRC and T2W‐MRC significantly improved BD visibility and confidence levels for biliary anatomy compared to T2W‐MRC alone, thereby allowing accurate biliary anatomy assessment in most patients with subdiagnostic T2W‐MRC images.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:152–159.
Influence ofENSO,ENSOModoki, and theIPOon tropical cyclogenesis: a spatial analysis of the southwest Pacific region
Authors: Magee Andrew D. , Verdon‐Kidd Danielle C. , Diamond Howard J. , Kiem Anthony S.
Published: April 2017

Tropical cyclones (TCs) pose a significant risk to the nations and territories of the southwest Pacific (SWP). The spatio‐temporal variability ofTCsmakes it challenging to forecast where and when aTCis likely to develop. Therefore, the aim of this study is to better understand the link between large‐scale climatic variability, the environmental conditions required for tropical cyclogenesis (TCgenesis), and the spatial variability ofTCactivity. Three modes of climate variability are investigated: (1) El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), (2)ENSOModoki, and (3) the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO); along withTCgenesis parameters: sea surface temperature; 700hParelative humidity; 700hPavorticity; and vertical wind shear (difference between 200hPaand 850hPawinds). Our findings reaffirm the well‐established northeast/southwest modulation ofTCactivity according to El Niño (EN)/La Niña (LN) using an extendedTCdataset (1945–2011). In addition, new insights into howENSOModoki and theIPOmodulateTCactivity according to phase and season are identified. Importantly, we show that depending on phase, theIPOcan enhance or alter the spatial modulation ofTCgenesis duringENSO/ENSOModoki events, in favour of the northeast/southwest modulations typical ofIPOpositive/negative events. This is particularly the case during the latter half of theSWP TCseason. For example,ENevents that occur withinIPOpositive (negative) epochs result in a shift ofTCactivity up to 1087 km (1288 km) further east (west) during February to April, compared to the typical location ofTCactivity duringENevents. Importantly, these statistical relationships are also associated with anomalously favourable genesis parameters, providing some insights into the physical mechanisms behind the modulations. The findings of this study provide baseline metrics with which to compare climate model simulations and may also facilitate improved seasonal outlooks and better quantification ofTC‐related risks for the vulnerable island nations and territories of theSWP.
Impact assessment of climate change on rice productivity in the Indochinese Peninsula using a regional‐scale crop model
Authors: Li Sanai , Wang Qingguo , Chun J.A.
Published: April 2017

In order to assess the impact of climate change on rice yields for the Indochina peninsula region, a regional rice model was forced with climate variables fromCORDEX‐East Asia climate models. The future climate's impact on rice yield varies between countries, and it is dependent on both current climate conditions and the projected future climate. Climate change alone would lead to a 3.5–23.2% and 5.8–27.2% reduction in rice yield for the 2020s and 2040s, respectively, in the Indochinese peninsula, with the largest decreases in Cambodia. The negative impacts of climate change on rice can be partly offset by the positive effect ofCO2fertilization. For the Indochinese peninsula regions, changes in rice yield are quite sensitive to increases in temperature, and each one‐degree increase in temperature can cause about a 10.26% reduction in rice yields. The uncertainty in the predicted temperature from the regional climate models used contributed to approximately 59.7% of the uncertainty in rice yield projections. This result implies that the uncertainty in the projected temperatures from climate models could be one of the major sources of uncertainty in impact assessments. In this study, adaptation strategies, including changes in planting dates and use of irrigation and heat tolerant varieties, were tested. The use of tolerant varieties and shifting planting date are simple management responses that may offset a small part of the negative impact of climate change. For all the countries in the Indochinese peninsula, theCO2fertilization effect and irrigation can offset most of the negative impacts caused by climate change by 2050, and irrigation is an effective adaptation method.
Evolution of the oxidative stability, bio‐active compounds and color characteristics of non‐thermally treated vegetable pâtés during frozen storage
Authors: Cosmai Lucrezia , Caponio Francesco , Pasqualone Antonella , Paradiso Vito M , Summo Carmine
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Few studies have investigated the effects of frozen storage on processed vegetables. The present study evaluates its effects on the quality characteristics of non‐thermally stabilized tomato‐based pâtés compared to thermally stabilized pâtés stored at room temperature. Two different types of tomato‐based pâtés were analyzed in terms of bio‐active compounds, as well as colorimetric parameters and oxidative degradation just after processing and also after 4, 8 and 12 months of storage.

RESULTS

Thermal treatment mainly affected the colorimetric parameters and oxidative degradation, whereas its effects on bio‐active compounds became more visible and significant during storage. Freezing allowed in both pâtés to maintain significantly higher a* values than storage at room temperature, whereas brightness, which is linked to residual activities of different enzymes, varied during storage according to the ingredient formulation. During storage, oxidative degradation of the lipid fraction was more marked in the pâté containing a lower quality oil, and less marked when the absence of thermal treatment was combined with frozen storage.

CONCLUSION

Freezing could represent a viable alternative way to preserve high‐quality products over time. An optimal combination of blanching, freezing rate, storage and thawing conditions will provide the best results in terms of the quality/price ratio. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The application of compound‐specific isotope analysis of fatty acids for traceability of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in the coastal areas of China
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Xufeng , Li Ying , Wang Haixia
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Geographical origin traceability is an important issue for controlling the quality of seafood and safeguarding the interest of consumers. In the present study, a new method of compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acids was established to evaluate its applicability in establishing the origin traceability of Apostichopus japonicus in the coastal areas of China. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were applied to distinguish between the origins of A. japonicus.

RESULTS

The results show that the stable carbon isotope compositions of fatty acids of A. japonicus significantly differ in terms of both season and origin. They also indicate that the stable carbon isotope composition of fatty acids could effectively discriminate between the origins of A. japonicus, except for between Changhai Island and Zhangzi Island in the spring of 2016 because of geographical proximity or the similarity of food sources. The fatty acids that have the highest contribution to identifying the geographical origins of A. japonicus are C22:6n‐3, C16:1n‐7, C20:5n‐3, C18:0 and C23:1n‐9, when considering the fatty acid contents, the stable carbon isotope composition of fatty acids and the results of the PCA and DA.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that CSIA of fatty acids, combined with multivariate statistical analysis such as PCA and DA, may be an effective tool for establishing the traceability of A. japonicus in the coastal areas of China. The relevant conclusions of the present study provide a new method for determining the traceability of seafood or other food products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Is meat quality of forage‐fed steers comparable to the meat quality of conventional beef from concentrate‐fed bulls?
Authors: Blanco Mireia , Casasús Isabel , Ripoll Guillermo , Albertí Pere , Panea Begoña , Joy Margalida
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Replacing concentrates with forages in the diet of finishing cattle to satisfy societal demands and for economic reasons is a target for beef farmers, but this change may affect meat acceptance. In the Mediterranean area, young bulls are usually finished on concentrates (Conventional beef). Alternatively, steers can be finished on grass with supplements (G‐supp); however, if carcasses are too lean, meat quality may be negatively affected. To increase fat deposition, grazing steers were finished on a total mixed ration composed of alfalfa hay and corn (TMR). Thus the objective of the study was to compare the quality of Longissimus muscle of the three systems.

RESULTS

Conventional beef had low yellowness and similar lightness and redness values compared with the beef from the forage‐based systems, which differed slightly. The meat of the G‐supp and TMR steers had higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents and lower n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio (more appropriate from a human health point of view) but was tougher than the Conventional beef.

CONCLUSION

The Conventional beef was better accepted by consumers than the beef from both forage‐based systems because it was the most tender. Thus tenderness of meat from forage‐fed steers should be improved to ensure consumer acceptance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
9.1‐inch stretchable AMOLED display based on LTPS technology
Authors: Hong Jong‐Ho , Shin Jae Min , Kim Gun Mo , Joo Hyejin , Park Gyung Soon , Hwang In Bom , Kim Min Woo , Park Won‐Sang , Chu Hye Yong , Kim Sungchul
Published: April 2017

In this work, we report a freeform shaped active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display based on low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon technology. It was found that our AMOLED, developed with a unique pixel structure, can withstand in various desired shapes featuring its stretchable property with no degradation of image quality and device characteristics. We demonstrated unprecedented convex/concave shape of the 9.1‐inch AMOLED display by low‐temperature thermoforming process. The AMOLED display with freeform design is promising for future display applications such as automotive, Internet of things devices, and wearable electronics.
Initial Findings From Project Recover: Overcoming Co‐Occurring Eating Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Through Integrated Treatment
Authors: Trottier Kathryn , Monson Candice M. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Olmsted Marion P.
Published: April 2017

This pilot study is the initial investigation of an integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for co‐occurring eating disorders (ED) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Following a course of intensive hospital‐based ED treatment focused on ED behavioral symptom interruption, 10 individuals with ED‐PTSD received 16 sessions of CBT that focused on maintaining improvements in ED symptoms outside of the hospital environment and integrated cognitive processing therapy for PTSD. We hypothesized that the treatment would be associated with significant improvements in PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety, as well as sustained improvements in ED symptomatology. There were statistically significant improvements in clinician‐rated PTSD symptoms (gav = 4.58), depression (gav = 1.37), and anxiety (gav = 1.00). As expected, there was no statistically significant change in ED cognitions (gav = .28). Reliable change analyses revealed that only 1 participant experienced deterioration in ED cognitions over the course of the integrated treatment. Of the 9 participants who were remitted from behavioral ED symptoms at the end of intensive treatment/beginning of the integrated treatment, 8 remained behaviorally remitted at poststudy treatment, which is encouraging given the high rate of rapid relapse following intensive ED treatment. Findings from this study provide preliminary support for the efficacy of an integrated CBT for ED‐PTSD.
Oral sensory dysfunction following radiotherapy
Authors: Bearelly Shethal , Wang Steven J. , Cheung Steven W.
Published: April 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

To assess differences in oral tactile sensation between subjects who have undergone radiation therapy (XRT) compared to healthy controls.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional cohort comparison.

Methods

Thirty‐four subjects with a history of XRT were compared with 23 healthy controls. There was no difference in age (P = .23), but there were slightly more males in the XRT cohort (P = .03). The mean (standard deviation) time after XRT completion was 3.84 (4.84) years. Fifty‐six percent of the XRT cohort received chemotherapy. Using our previously validated methodology to measure oral tactile sensory threshold quantitatively with Cheung‐Bearelly monofilaments, sensory thresholds of four subsites (anterior tongue, buccal mucosa, posterior tongue, soft palate) were compared for the two cohorts.

Results

Site‐by‐site comparisons showed higher forces were required for stimulus detection at all four subsites among subjects in the XRT cohort compared to healthy controls. Mean force in grams for XRT versus control cohorts were: anterior tongue, 0.39 (1.0) versus 0.02 (0.01); buccal mucosa, 0.42 (0.95) versus 0.06 (0.05); posterior tongue, 0.76 (1.46) versus 0.10 (0.07); and soft palate, 0.86 (1.47) versus 0.08 (0.05) (P < .001 for all comparisons). Combining all four subsites into a single metric to assess an overall level of oral tactile dysfunction, the XRT cohort had reduced sensation by 18.7 dB (P < .001).

Conclusions

After radiation therapy, the oral cavity and oropharynx exhibit global tactile sensory dysfunction, manifested by increased tactile forces required for stimulus detection. The magnitude of sensory impairment is 18.7 dB.

Level of Evidence

3b. Laryngoscope, 127:2282–2286, 2017
Active demultiplexing of single photons from a solid‐state source
Authors: Lenzini Francesco , Haylock Ben , Loredo Juan C. , Abrahão Raphael A. , Zakaria Nor A. , Kasture Sachin , Sagnes Isabelle , Lemaitre Aristide , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Dao Dzung Viet , Senellart Pascale , Almeida Marcelo P. , White Andrew G. , Lobino Mirko
Published: April 2017

A scheme for active temporal‐to‐spatial demultiplexing of single photons generated by a solid‐state source is introduced. The scheme scales quasi‐polynomially with photon number, providing a viable technological path for routing n photons in the one temporal stream from a single emitter to n different spatial modes. Active demultiplexing is demonstrated using a state‐of‐the‐art photon source—a quantum‐dot deterministically coupled to a micropillar cavity—and a custom‐built demultiplexer—a network of electro‐optically reconfigurable waveguides monolithically integrated in a lithium niobate chip. The measured demultiplexer performance can enable a six‐photon rate three orders of magnitude higher than the equivalent heralded SPDC source, providing a platform for intermediate quantum computation protocols.

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“Service” in Luxury Retailing in the Twenty‐First Century: An Exploratory Look at the Pleasure Boating Sector
Authors: Amatulli Cesare , Nataraajan Rajan , Capestro Mauro , Carvignese Marco , Guido Gianluigi
Published: April 2017

This study explores the most effective retailing strategies with which luxury retailers can achieve a competitive advantage. The central role of services in enhancing the consumption experience in the luxury segment has been analyzed considering the pleasure boating sector, with a focus on the role that the dealer may have, both in the integration of different services and in the development of a durable competitive advantage. A qualitative study has been carried out through semistructured, in‐depth, one‐to‐one interviews with representatives of companies that deal with the pleasure boating sector. The results show that in the luxury pleasure boating sector, the introduction of a better‐defined retail strategy focused on services and its integration within the entire distribution channel may be crucial but also difficult to achieve in contexts that lack a marketing orientation. The contribution to extant literature on service in the pleasure boating sector and in luxury retailing in general is outlined. The managerial implications for practitioners in the pleasure boating sector are also discussed.
Reconstruction of late esophagus perforation after anterior cervical spine fusion with an adipofascial anterolateral thigh free flap: A case report
Authors: Coelho Ruben , Ekberg Tomas , Svensson Malin , Mani Maria , Rodriguez‐Lorenzo Andres
Published: April 2017

Reconstruction of late esophageal perforation usually requires flap surgery to achieve wound healing. However, restoring the continuity between the digestive tract and retropharyngeal space to allow for normal swallowing remains a technical challenge. In this report, we describe the use of a thin and pliable free adipofascial anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in a 47‐year‐old tetraplegic man with a history of C5–C6 fracture presented with a large posterior esophagus wall perforation allowing an easier flap insetting for a successful wound closure. The postoperative course was uneventful and mucosalization of the flap was confirmed by esophagoscopy 4 weeks postsurgery. The patient tolerated normal diet and maintained normal swallowing during a follow‐up of 3 years postoperatively. The adipofascial ALT flap may provide easier insetting due to the thin and pliable layer of adipofascial tissue for reconstructing large defects of the posterior wall of the esophagus by filling the retroesophageal space.
Oligosynaptic inhibition of group Ia afferents from brachioradialis to triceps brachii motor neurons in humans
Authors: Sato Toshiaki , Nito Mitsuhiro , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Fujii Hiromi , Hashizume Wataru , Miyasaka Takuji , Shindo Masaomi , Naito Akira
Published: April 2017

Introduction: This study examines effects of low‐threshold afferents from the brachioradialis (BR) on excitability of triceps brachii (TB) motor neurons in humans. Methods: We evaluated the effects using a post stimulus time histogram (PSTH) and electromyogram averaging (EMG‐A) methods in 13 healthy human participants. Electrical conditioning stimulation to the radial nerve branch innervating BR with the intensity below the motor threshold was delivered. Results: In the PSTH study, the stimulation produced a trough (inhibition) in 36/69 TB motor units for all the participants. A cutaneous stimulation never provoked such inhibition. The central latency of the inhibition was 1.5 ± 0.5 ms longer than that of the homonymous facilitation. In the EMG‐A study, the stimulation produced inhibition in EMG‐A of TB in all participants. The inhibition diminished with a tonic vibration stimulation to BR. Discussion: These findings suggest that oligosynaptic inhibition mediated by group Ia afferents from BR to TB exists in humans. Muscle Nerve 57: 122–128, 2018
A cost analysis of implementing a behavioral weight loss intervention in community mental health settings: Results from the ACHIEVE trial
Authors: Janssen Ellen M. , Jerome Gerald J. , Dalcin Arlene T. , Gennusa Joseph V. , Goldsholl Stacy , Frick Kevin D. , Wang Nae‐Yuh , Appel Lawrence J. , Daumit Gail L.
Published: April 2017

Objective

In the ACHIEVE randomized controlled trial, an 18‐month behavioral intervention accomplished weight loss in persons with serious mental illness who attended community psychiatric rehabilitation programs. This analysis estimates costs for delivering the intervention during the study. It also estimates expected costs to implement the intervention more widely in a range of community mental health programs.

Methods

Using empirical data, costs were calculated from the perspective of a community psychiatric rehabilitation program delivering the intervention. Personnel and travel costs were calculated using time sheet data. Rent and supply costs were calculated using rent per square foot and intervention records. A univariate sensitivity analysis and an expert‐informed sensitivity analysis were conducted.

Results

With 144 participants receiving the intervention and a mean weight loss of 3.4 kg, costs of $95 per participant per month and $501 per kilogram lost in the trial were calculated. In univariate sensitivity analysis, costs ranged from $402 to $725 per kilogram lost. Through expert‐informed sensitivity analysis, it was estimated that rehabilitation programs could implement the intervention for $68 to $85 per client per month.

Conclusions

Costs of implementing the ACHIEVE intervention were in the range of other intensive behavioral weight loss interventions. Wider implementation of efficacious lifestyle interventions in community mental health settings will require adequate funding mechanisms.
Sample Conditions Under Which Bias in IV Estimates can be Signed
Authors: Jung Haeil , Pirog Maureen A.
Published: April 2017

The relative size of the treated and untreated groups, or the T/UT ratio, in an analysis sample often diverges from the T/UT ratio in the population (or original sample) because of choice‐based sampling and missing values. While divergences of the sample from the population T/UT ratio do not generate bias for many estimators, instrumental variable (IV) estimates might be biased by such divergences even when (1) the IV is analytically valid for the population and (2) the sample‐treated and ‐untreated groups are representative of the population‐treated and ‐untreated groups, respectively. We survey published empirical manuscripts to show that this issue is prevalent across various fields. We also prove that the bias in IV estimates, generated by divergences of the sample from population T/UT ratio, is a monotonic function of the difference between the sample and population T/UT ratios when the above conditions (1 and 2) are met. Based on our findings, we suggest possible solutions and provide advice on how to interpret the bias in IV estimates even when the true T/UT ratio is not known.