bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EKSPLORASI FAKTOR PEMBENTUK WORK ENGAGEMENT GENERASI MILLENIAL di BANK BRI SURABAYA
Authors: Kholid Ikhwan
Published: May 2023

Bank BRI is one of the state-owned banks that has a large number of active millennial employees. This is done by bank BRI to answer future challenges and also to prepare young talents who will later occupy strategic positions in the company. The involvement of the millennial generation at Bank BRI is one of the strategies carried out by Bank BRI to attract potential customers from the millennial generation who in the next few years will replace consumers from the previous generation who have entered retirement or are no longer active in the business world due to age. and so forth. Besides the advantages of the millennial generation (Gen Y) for potential companies, there are also challenges for companies that are attached to the millennial generation, namely high turnover rates due to low work engagement from the millennial generation. This research is intended to add to the written literature and data and reveal things that can increase the Work Engagement of millennial generation employees in the banking sector, namely Bank BRI Surabaya, this research obtains results or findings of 6 things that are the forming factors of Millennial Generation Work Engagement at Bank BRI Surabaya, which include: 1. Salary 2. Health insurance (health insurance) 3. Career path 4. Work-Life Balance (work hours and leave) 5. Comfortable working atmosphere (room and attitude between employees) and 6. Appreciation from the leadership/company (performance allowances and praise.
Real-Time Solution for Down Hole Torque Estimation and Drilling Optimization in High Deviated Wells Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Elzenary Mahmoud Nader
Published: May 2023

This project provides a new realistic solution for the accuracy of down hole torque measurements using the integration of the Artificial intelligence (AI) technology with the downhole challenges being faced while drilling deep and high deviated wells. The new estimates are based on surface measurements which have the major influence on the bit torque (downhole torque) values while drilling. Artificial intelligence technology and its related applications such as; artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and adaptive neuro fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) will be utilized to predict and estimate accurate wellbore torque which will be applied effectively to prevent real time stuck pipe situation through a friendly user software which will maintain the downhole torque within the SAFE zone by controlling the unified surface drilling variables such as; weight on bit (WOB), Rate of Penetration (ROP) and Flow Rate.

This downhole torque model will be validated and verified through a real drilling scenario from a field in north of Africa. The field data includes weight on bit, surface torque, stand-pipe pressure, and rate of penetration were collected from the mentioned well which had experienced a costly stuck pipe situation. However, with the provided model the same encountered scenario will be avoided, due to the optimization of the real time drilling variables and hence, saving the well and evade a costly non-productive time.
Nanoparticles Stabilized Oil Water Emulsion Flow
Authors: Raikulov S. , Mohan R. S. , Shoham O.
Published: May 2023

Nanoparticles (NP) stabilized oil-water emulsion flow is studied experimentally and theoretically for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic NP, under Water Sweep (WS) and Oil Sweep (OS) conditions. Novel and highly accurate experimental data are collected for different NP concentrations and different pump speeds. The Legacy-Texaco skid flow loop is modified to enable data acquisition, and the microscopic camera is modified with Vector Control Module (VCM), as well. The phase inversion is measured utilizing a Circular Differential Dielectric Sensor (C-DDS), a Rectangular DDS (R-DDS), pressure transducer and mass flow meter. Droplet size distribution data are acquired with a microscopic camera for dilute dispersed-phase volume fractions. Data are acquired from all 5 instruments simultaneously.

Hydrophilic NP, even at low concentrations, consistently delay the occurrence of phase inversion as dispersed phase fraction is increased. Concentration of 1 wt% hydrophilic NP delays the phase inversion up to 93% of organic volume fractions for o/w dispersions. The transient phase inversion period is shorter (1.5 to 2 min.) for hydrophilic NP emulsions; longer phase inversion durations (greater than 2 min) occur for the hydrophobic NP emulsions.

With increase of hydrophobic NP concentration, the viscosity of mineral oil increases significantly. Hydrophobic NP stabilized emulsions (in higher concentrations) exhibit shear thinning behavior indicating that yield stress must be applied in order to initiate flow. Concentrations of 0.05 and 0.11 wt % of Hydrophobic NP cause early phase inversion at all 3 pump RPMs. However, at concentration of 0.5, 0.8 and 1 wt % lead to delay in phase inversion.

Extension of Pereyra (2011) correlation for dMAX is carried out for NP stabilized emulsion flow. Log Normal distribution and modified Rosin Rammler distribution are recommended for prediction of the cumulative droplet size distributions of NP stabilized emulsions for OS flow. Optimized parameter sets are generated from experimental data for in both these distributions. Comparison between the acquired data and both log normal distribution and Rosin Rammler distribution predictions show Normalized Root-Mean-Square Deviation (NRMSD) discrepancy values less than 13%.
Producing Shale Oil Through Rod Free Artificial Lift, A Case Study
Authors: Chen Qiang , Hao Zhongxian , Huang Shouzhi , Gao Yang , Wei Songbo
Published: May 2023

Shale oil had attracted worldwide attention due to its vast volume, according to statistics, technical recovery of shale oil worldwide exceeded 250billion ton, mostly located in America, Africa and north Asia. However shale oil was characterized by its high viscosity, deep reservoir location, posing threats to the operator, traditional rod-pump artificial lift was not a good choice due to the friction issue, How to walk out of those challenges were worth thinking, while rod free artificial lift methods had been field proven in the oilfield, its progress would give us some inspirations[1].

In this paper, rod free artificial lift methods including downhole motivated reciprocating pump, centrifugal pump and progressing cavity pump were discussed, some technological highlights such as pulling and running electric cables, host SCADA system and production control algorism had been introduced in detail. Finally the efficacy of rodless artificial lift was analyzed from the perspective of investment
A Step Change in Engineering and Deployment of Smart Completion: The Longest Open Hole Mono-Bore Smart Completion Technology with Multiple Inflow Control Valves, Swell Packers and Permanent Downhole Gauges in ADNOC Group Fields, Enabling Selective Optimization of Oil Production Across Different Reservoirs. A Case Study
Authors: Samir N. , Raju P. Sumish , Abrejo M. , Shbair A. , Fahd O. , Al Jabery R. , Al Reyami M. , Sarhan M. M. , Bin Shamlan A. Mubarak , Alhammadi M. , Al Shehhi S. , Khaled M. , Soufi A. , Alsaadi S. A. , Bethancourt R. , Jalbout M. , Ahmed I.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To obtain the major benefits of having a long open hole completion with maximum multiple reservoirs contact, full control and optimization over the flow without coil tubing intervention have become a challenge for the operators. This paper presents a step change in the engineering for optimizing oil production across multiple reservoirs by deploying the first mono-bore smart completion technology with four inflow control valves, swell packers and permanent downhole gauges across an open hole horizontal reservoir drain of 4,600 feet in ADNOC Group Fields.
scCUTseq is a versatile framework for spatially resolved single-cell genomic analyses of intratumor heterogeneity
Authors: Zhang Ning , Simonetti Michele , Harbers Luuk , Helleday Thomas , Roukos Vassilis , Marchio Caterina , Bienko Magda , Crosetto Nicola
Published: May 2023

Chromosomal instability and copy number alterations (CNAs) are pervasive in human cancers. However, the exact timing and mechanism of CNA formation during carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we describe scCUTseq, an agile and robust workflow for spatially resolved single-cell CNA profiling which could be applied to characterize the CNA landscape in tumor samples. Importantly, scCUTseq could clearly resolve the copy number profiles of different cell lines and was free of cross-contamination, highlighting its specificity. Secondly, we assessed the sensitivity of scCUTseq by determining its ability to detect a 7Mb deletion induced by CRISPR-Cas9 in a small percentage (~3%) of cells transfected with two small guide RNAs (sgRNA) targeting the KMT2A and HYLS1 locus on chr11. In 3.3% of the cells transfected with both sgRNAs, scCUTseq detected a single copy of the exact 7 Mb deletion, in line with the quantification by FISH, highlighting the sensitivity of our method. Lastly, to rule out the artifacts introduced by the MALBAC step, we compared scCUTseq with Acoustic Cell Tagmentation (ACT), another single-cell SCNA profiling method that is based on DNA tagmentation and does not involve a whole genome amplification (WGA) step. Both visual and quantitative comparisons revealed that the genome-wide copy number profiles obtained by either method were highly similar, indicating that the WGA step in scCUTseq does not result in obvious artifact CNA calls. scCUTseq is a versatile and scalable method, which can greatly facilitate the depiction of the single-cell CNA profile in cancers.
Measuring unmet healthcare needs - findings from a tribal district in the Chhattisgarh State of India
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Thiagarajan Sundararaman , Garg Samir
Published: May 2023

Background
There are many indicators and methods in use for measuring access to healthcare, much of which relate to physical access or utilization of services. This study measures unmet healthcare needs in a district with relatively good physical access and insurance coverage and discusses the relevance of our findings for the design and monitoring of progress towards achieving universal health coverage (UHC).
Methods
A multi-stage sampling survey identified and interviewed a sample of 3153 individuals from 598 households drawn from 13 villages and seven urban wards. In-depth qualitative interviews of five purposively chosen individuals from each village and urban ward, was also undertaken. The study examined access in terms of perceived healthcare needs and unperceived or latent healthcare needs and the proportion of such needs that utilized effective health care and the proportion that did not. Estimation of unperceived healthcare needs was limited to five tracer conditions- hypertension, diabetes, depression, rheumatic conditions and dependence in activities of daily living in the elderly. Bivariate, multivariate (logistic regression), and thematic analyses were used for this study.
Results
Out of the total population, 10.47% reported perceived healthcare needs for acute ailments in the last 15 days, and 10.62% of the population self-reported suffering from chronic conditions. 12.75% of those with acute ailment and 18.40% of those with chronic ailment received no treatment, while 27.83% and 9.07% respectively took care from informal care provider. Unperceived healthcare needs were high in all five-tracer conditions studied. Incomplete treatment was another form of unmet need. Inappropriate care conceals unmet healthcare needs. Unperceived healthcare needs were significantly higher for poor and marginalized population subgroup, whereas perceived healthcare needs were higher among upper socioeconomic and less marginalized population.
Conclusion
The measurement of unmet healthcare needs should include both perceived and latent needs, as well as incomplete care and care from informal providers. Further, inappropriate care conceals a lot of unmet healthcare needs, and its measurement is not easy. In a context of information asymmetry and prevailing health markets, the measurement of unmet healthcare needs in all its complexity, becomes essential for measuring progress towards UHC.
Trial registration: Not Applicable
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validation of the international physical activity questionnaire short form in languages in Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Ewah Patrick Ayi , Womboh Idoo , Awhen Peter Agba , Dan Felicia Agbor-Obun
Published: May 2023

Background
The African population is made of a diverse group of cultures and languages whose first language is not English. Therefore, to address the challenges of using the English version of the IPAQ-SF, encourage PA participation, advance research in PA, and curb NCDs in developing countries in Africa, there is a need for cultural adaptation of the questionnaire. The purpose of this study is to carry out a SR on cultural adaptation, reliability and validation of the IPAQ-SF into African languages and to proffer probable reasons for differences between the various versions.
Main body of the abstract
We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and AJO from inception to August 14, 2022. Studies were recruited if they conducted a cultural adaptation, validation and reliability of IPAQ-SF into the African language. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Student’s t test using SPSS version 23, and a p<0.05 was used as the level of significance. A total of 453 healthy adult subjects (Hausa, n = 102 & Yoruba, n = 351) who met the inclusion criteria were documented. The mean age and BMI were 29.3±6.255 years and 24.1±4.335 (kg/m2), respectively. There were more male (n = 293) subjects who were mostly single (n = 375) than married (n = 74) than female (n = 160). The reliability and concurrent validity of the Yoruba and Hausa IPAQ were acceptable. The total scores obtained from the concurrent validity in the males in the Hausa (r = 0.844) IPAQ-SF were significant (p = 0.022) and more than that of the Yoruba (r = 0.640) version. Similarly, the ICC total and female were significantly higher in the Hausa than the Yoruba IPAQ-SF.
Conclusions
Overall, we found a few studies that have successfully validated and adapted the English version of IPAQ-SF into the languages in African. Additionally, the results showed that both the Hausa and Yoruba IPAQ-SF have acceptable concurrent validity and test-retest reliability for assessing PA. We also found out that the total score for the concurrent validity male, ICC total, and female were significantly higher in the Hausa IPAQ than in the Yoruba version. We recommend that the IPAQ-SF be culturally adapted to the following languages in Africa; Igbo, pidgin, Swahili, Ajagam, Boki, and Effik.
Resilience of South Asian mangroves to weather extremes and anthropogenic water pollution
Authors: Chauhan Tejasvi , Bhadury Punyasloke , Rodda Suraj , Thumaty Kiran , Jha C , Ghosh Subimal
Published: May 2023

Sundarbans in the coastal South Asia, the largest contiguous mangrove forest in the world, faces an intensifying compound stress of climate extremes and anthropogenically influenced water pollution. However, our knowledge about the responses of mangroves to these stressors with the recovery mechanism is largely limited. We address this research gap by delineating causal networks betweenin-situobservations of soil-water chemistry, carbon fluxes, and hydro-meteorological variables from Sundarbans mangroves. Our results show that mangroves recover from physiological stresses caused by weather extremes quickly, within one to two weeks and maintain stable productivity despite steeply declining nutrient composition due to human-induced water pollution. We demonstrate that mangroves maintain this stable productivity during the stress period by increasing link strength and memory with the hydro-meteorological variables of the region. Our findings highlight the resilience of South Asian mangroves to natural and anthropogenic stressors and the importance of estimating thresholds of their critical transitions.
Look ahead before you leap: SDN switch migration scheduling for load balancing
Authors: Kumari Abha , Sairam Ashok Singh
Published: May 2023

Although software-defined networking (SDN) promotes a centralized control plane for better resource management, it suffers from reliability and scalability issues. Consequently, the distributed software-defined networking (SDN) architecture proposes logically centralized but physically distributed SDN controllers. However, in the distributed architecture, the load among the controllers may not be balanced, which makes the system less scalable. In this paper, our goal is to balance the load of the controllers. We perform a detailed analysis to establish the ideal load of a controller. Our aim is to minimize the difference between a controller's ideal and instantaneous load. We use short-term traffic forecasts to predict the load of a controller in the next epoch. Thereupon the load balance is affected by migrating the switches. The prediction-based load balancing approach not only balances the load but also minimizes the switch reassignment by preventing switch oscillations. Extensive experiments and comparative performance analyses are performed to validate the framework.
Study on the migration patterns of antibiotics in charcoal application soils under different temperatures
Authors: Chen Liang , Xing Yusheng
Published: May 2023

Prediction and management of soil antibiotic contamination issues have gained popularity in recent years. In order to understand the effect of activated carbon on the migration of antibiotics in soil at different temperatures, the vertical migration mechanism of oxytetracycline hydrochloride in charcoal soil was studied. Based on soil column test and numerical simulation, the results indicated that adding low content of activated carbon into soil can obviously enhance the adsorption of antibiotics in soil and inhibit the migration of antibiotics in soil. Hydrus-1D software was used to run numerical simulations, with the adsorption partition coefficient having the most impact on the outcomes. The adsorption distribution coefficient is corrected by theoretical value and inversion value, the value of \({\phi }\) is 0.88.
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Myrcia loranthifolia (Myrtaceae) leaves grown in Atlantic Forest and Dry Forest of Brazil
Authors: Santos Rayza Helen Graciano dos , Silva Maíra Honorato Moura , de Aguiar Júlio César Ribeiro de Oliveira Farias , Navarro Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz , de Oliveira Antonio Fernando Morais , Correia Maria Tereza dos Santos
Published: May 2023

The present study evaluated the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Myrcia loranthifolia from Atlantic Forest and Dry Forest of Brazil. The oil showed a mean yield of 0.23–0.33%. From 26 to 32 compounds were identified by GC–MS depending on the geographical origin of the plant. (E)–Caryophyllene (47.80%) and germacrene D (10.07%) predominated in the oil of samples from the Atlantic Forest. In Dry Forest, the main constituent identified in the oil was also (E)–caryophyllene, but it was detected in a lower concentration (15.59%). Cis–calamenene (11.40%), the second major constituent found in the oil of plants from Dry Forest, was not identified in samples from the Atlantic Forest. The qualitative and quantitative differences found may be due to local abiotic factors or inherent to genetic characteristics of the plants. The essential oil of M. loranthifolia constitutes one of the largest sources of (E)–caryophyllene yet unexplored.
Comparative analysis of chloroplast genome sequences of four camellia species
Authors: Bingqing Hao , Yingying Xia , Zhaoyuan Zhang , Dongxue Wang , hang Ye , Jinlin Ma
Published: May 2023

Researching the photosynthetic characteristics based on the whole chloroplast genome sequence of Camellia osmantha cv ‘yidan’. is important for improving production. We sequenced and analyzed the chloroplast (cp) genomes of C. osmantha cv‘yidan’. The total cp genome length was 156,981 bp. The cp genomes included 134 genes encoding 81 proteins, 39 transfer RNAs, 8 ribosomal RNAs, and 6 genes with unknown functions. In total, 50 repeat sequences were identified in C. osmantha cv‘yidan’ cp genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. osmantha cv‘yidan’ is more closely related to Camellia vietnamensis cv ‘hongguo’ and Camellia oleifera cv ‘cenruan 3’ than to Camellia semiserrata cv ‘hongyu 1’. Our complete assembly of four Camelliacp genomes may contribute to breeding for high oil content and further biological discoveries. The results of this study provide a basis for the assembly of the entire chloroplast genome of C. osmantha cv‘yidan’.
Comparing chromatin contact maps at scale: methods and insights
Authors: Gunsalus Laura , McArthur Evonne , Gjoni Ketrin , Kuang Shuzhen , Pittman Maureen , Capra John , Pollard Katherine
Published: May 2023

Comparing chromatin contact maps is an essential step in quantifying how three-dimensional (3D) genome organization shapes development, evolution, and disease. However, no gold standard exists for comparing contact maps, and even simple methods often disagree. In this study, we propose novel comparison methods and evaluate them alongside existing approaches using genome-wide Hi-C data and 22,500 in silico predicted contact maps. We also quantify the robustness of methods to common sources of biological and technical variation, such as boundary size and noise. We find that simple difference-based methods such as mean squared error are suitable for initial screening, but biologically informed methods are necessary to identify why maps diverge and propose specific functional hypotheses. We provide a reference guide, codebase, and benchmark for rapidly comparing chromatin contact maps at scale to enable biological insights into the 3D organization of the genome.
Integrated management of eucalyptus bacterial wilt in Sumatra, Indonesia.
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo Sarno soares , Sirait Betty Andriani , Saha Muhammad Agni , Sipayung Jaliaman , Maretha Maggie Vency , Tarigan Marthin , Duran Alvaro
Published: May 2023

Bacterial wilt is one the most destructive plant diseases and responsible for great losses in eucalyptus plantations worldwide. Since the use of highly productive monoclonal stands became a common practice in forest companies, the industry have experienced severe bacterial wilt outbreaks. Thus, the present study aimed to provide alternative methods that can be incorporated in the management of bacterial wilt of eucalyptus in Sumatra, Indonesia. Pathogen identification with molecular markers, effect of plant propagation on the disease incidence, chemical sterilization of sand beds, antibacterial activity, and genetic resistance of eucalyptus clones were evaluated. Colonies obtained from diseased plants were morphologically indistinguishable, but specific primers 759F/760R and sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene confirmed the pathogen identity as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. In-field evaluation showed that plants propagated via mini-cuttings had the highest disease incidence, 16.5%, while the tissue culture plants rooted in-vitro had the lowest disease incidence, 3%. Chemical sterilization of sand beds with NaOCl and H2O2 was effective on reducing bacterial cells by 97 and 42%, respectively. In-vitro assays confirmed the antibacterial activity of oxolinic acid and streptomycin by promoting a clear zone of 1.3 and 1.4 cm in diameter, respectively. The susceptibility to bacterial wilt varied among eucalyptus genotypes, and of the 21 clones tested eight were resistant, nine were moderate and four were susceptible. Therefore, an effective management of eucalyptus bacterial wilt can be achieved by combining all methods used in this study with best practices used in commercial nurseries and plantations.
The Identification of Hub Genes in Diagnosing Blunt Trauma with Venous Thromboembolism Using Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Sun Qian , Tan Fei , Zheng Hui , Wei Shilin , Zhang Lirong , Zhang Hongwei , Qi Wei
Published: May 2023

Background
Whether blunt trauma patient will get venous thromboembolism (VTE) is still a huge challenge to forecast. The objective of our study is to investigate and identify the potential biomarker genes for blunt trauma patients with VTE based on the method of bioinformatics analysis.
Methods
To investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of blunt trauma and VTE, firstly we used the data obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, and DEGs were respectively obtained via LIMMA. Next Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to investigate the co-expression network of blunt trauma DEGs and two modules were found. We chose the most significant module as the key one in correlation with blunt trauma. We got intersection of DEGs in blunt trauma and VTE, which were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Then we used STRING to create a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and hub genes were screened by Cytoscape software and analyzed of functional enrichment. We chose another GEO database to evaluate the value of hub genes, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were done at last.
Results
There are a total of 546 DEGs of VTE and 4266 DEGs of blunt trauma were screened out from GSE19151 and GSE36809 respectively. Then 1568 DEGs of blunt trauma were identified in the most significant module. And 101 intersections of DEGs were found to be enriched for various functions and pathways. Among these DEGs, 6 overlapped hub genes with high degrees of stress method were selected. These hub genes include MRPL3, RPLP0, MRPL15, TP53, MYC, CD3D.And the six hub genes were tested to have high diagnostic values.
Impact of first health care provider on Acanthamoeba keratitis course.
How to overcome poor prognosis in AK treatment?
Single tertiary center, observational study
Authors: Walkden Andrew , Brahma Arun , Chidambaram Jaya , Carley Fiona , Przybek-Skrzypecka Joanna
Published: May 2023

Background
To assess the difference in course and final visual outcome of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) patients based on the first health care provider (HCP) seen.
Methods
Retrospective observational cohort study of AK patients admitted to the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital between 2003 and 2017. HCPs were grouped (Group 1: Optometrists, Opticians; Group 2: General Practitioners (GPs); Group 3: Ophthalmologists) and the data analyzed on demographics, risk factors, clinical history, clinical features, and Acanthamoeba subspecies.
Results
41 patients with unilateral culture-proven AK were included. Median time to consultation with first HCP was 7 days (IQR 4–14 days) while mean time to the correct diagnosis of AK was 15 days (IQR 7–29 days). Patients saw an optician/optometrist significantly earlier than GPs or ophthalmologists (median 4 days, vs 15 or 5 days respectively, p = 0.04). Bacterial keratitis was the most common initial clinical diagnosis (43%). The shortest time to making the AK diagnosis (median 11 days) and the highest rate of initiating AK treatment started at the first visit (38%) were both in the Ophthalmologists’ group. No significant differences were observed in initial and final visual acuity between HCP groups (p = 0.36).
Conclusions
AK patients often seek help earlier from optometrists and opticians than medical doctors. Final clinical outcomes did not significantly differ based on the first HCP, but ophthalmologists were more likely to make the diagnosis of AK and initiate anti-amoebal therapy faster than other HCPs. Greater education and collaboration between ophthalmologists and other HCPs to increase awareness of AK are needed.
Corchorus olitorius leaves affect nutrient utilization and improve biochemical indices of alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats.
Authors: Oganezi Nuria , OJIMELUKWE PHILIPPA
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES. The effective management of type 2 diabetes depends on the ability to maintain or improve insulin utilization, regulation of blood glucose, and the control of hyperlipidaemia. The effectiveness of Corchorus olitorius leaves in these three domains were evaluated in the present research. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of Corchorus olitorius leaves on alloxan induced diabetes in Wistar rats
METHODS. Nutrient composition of shade dried C. olitorius leaves was determined using standard AOAC methods.; alpha-amylase inhibition potentials of C. olitorius leaves were determined using four solvent systems. Bioactive compounds in C. olitorius were determined using GC-MS. Diets were formulated to contain 0–20% C. olitorius and fed to alloxan-induced diabetic rats alongside positive and negative standards for 70 days. Indices of nutritional quality and biochemical indices were compared in diabetic, diabetic/nutritionally managed and normoglycaemic Wistar rats. Histopathology of the pancreas of the three groups of animals were also compared.
RESULTS. Water and 99% ethanol were the best solvents for extracting alpha amylase inhibitor from C. olitorius leaves. 9-octadecanoic acid (Z), benzoic acid,2 phenyl ester, 9-octadeceneZ-methylester and hexadecenoic acids were bioactive compounds identified in C. olitorius leaves. Formulated diets containing C. olitorius decreased feed intake, body mass gain, HBA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) in a concentration dependent manner. HDL-C (good cholesterol) increased. C. olitorius caused the regeneration of the islets of Langerhans of the alloxan -induced diabetic rats.
CONCLUSION. Corchorus olitorius leaves is effective for the control of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Its water and ethanol extracts contain significant quantities of alpha amylase inhibitor that slows down carbohydrate breakdown into sugars thereby controlling the blood glucose level.
Airway management during unusual tracheal stenosis: A Clinical Feasibility Trial
Authors: Altun Demet , Canbaz Mert , Altun Dilek , Sen Cömert , Çamcı Emre
Published: May 2023

BackgroundWhile actual figures are still lacking, this incidence of laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is expected to increase because of the high COVID-19 patient numbers requiring (prolonged) invasive mechanical ventilation. While prolonged intubation is a known risk factor of LTS, LTS related to COVID-19 may be result in a different phenotype: pronation affects the location of stenosis and COVID-19 pneumonia can decline lung mechanics. Therefore, airway management in patients with COVID-19 related LTS has unique challenges for both anesthesiologists and surgeons for its location and severity. This prospective observational feasibility trial aims to evaluate the use of a novel thin, cuffed, endotracheal tube (Tritube) in combination with flow_controlled ventilation (FCV) in the management of patients with LTS secondary to COVID-19 related LTS undergoing laryngeal surgery.Methods20 patients suffering from COVID-19 related LTS, as diagnosed by CT, requiring endolaryngeal surgery were included. Ultrathin endotracheal tube Tritube, together with FCV was used for airway management and ventilation. Feasibility, ventilation efficiency and surgical exposure were evaluated.ResultsMedian duration of mechanical ventilation during their ICU stay was 17 days, [range (7-27] and the prone position was used in all patients. In 18/20 patients endoscopic diagnosis, confirmed the initial CT diagnosis: posterior subglottic stenosis. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was 9 out of 10 (range 7-10). FCV ventilation was performed with or without CO2laser. All hemodynamic and respiratory variables were within the normal clinical range. In 1 patient a respiratory complication occurred, meaning that the SpO2temporarily dropped to 89 %. Note that this patient had SpO2of 90 % before induction of anesthesia.ConclusionThis study shows that it is feasible to use Tritube with FCV in patients with unusual location of tracheal stenosis, namely a subglottic posterior location, undergoing laryngotracheal surgery. Tritube provides a good surgical field and FCV provided highly adequate ventilation especially in patients with compromised lung mechanics.Trial registrationClinical trial registration was done prospectively (NCT05317923) on 08/04/2022.
A Cooperative optimization method for the layout of shared bicycle parking areas and delivery quantity
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Wenxian , Cheng Ligang , Li Ping
Published: May 2023

With the popularity of shared bicycles in urban areas, more and more residents choose this fast and convenient mode of transportation for short-distance travel. By optimizing the layout of shared bicycle parking areas and delivery quantity, the investment cost of shared bicycle enterprises can be effectively reduced, and the convenience of residents' travel can be improved at the same time. In this paper, we develop a collaborative optimization model for the layout of the shared bicycle parking area and delivery quantity, aiming at minimizing the walking distance of residents and the investment cost of enterprises, while considering the constraints of the parking area's attractive range and the number of bicycles placed. Aiming at the characteristics of this mixed integer nonlinear problem, an improved genetic algorithm incorporating symmetric individual precision control mechanism is designed. Finally, taking the planned area between the Second Ring Road and the Third Ring Road in the northern part of Jin-niu District, Chengdu as the background, the proposed collaborative optimization model for the layout of shared bicycle parking areas and delivery quantity is applied to a real scene. The results show that after optimization, the number of parking areas is reduced by 2, and the total investment cost is reduced by about 12.2%.
Predicting the likelihood of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: development and Validation of a Novel Model
Authors: Feng Min , Meng Fanxing , Yu Jiali , Wang Yanlin , Qin Yan , Jia Yuhan , Ji Guozhen , Liang Zhaojun , Gao Chong , Guo Hui , Luo Jing
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Distinguishing RA with CVD, RA with CVD risk factors and patients with RA only (pure RA), is still a challenge. The study aimed to develop a better model to predict the likelihood of CVD in RA.MethodsPure RA (n = 402), RA with CVD risk factors (n = 394), and RA with CVD (n = 201) were ultimately recruited into the study and their peripheral bloods were collected to measure the levels of routine examination indicators, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and immune cells. Univariate analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), the random forest (RF) and the logistic regression models (LR) were employed to screen characteristic variables between each two groups, and individualized nomograms were further established to more conveniently predict the likelihood of CVD in RA.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that the levels of WBC, BUN, creatinine, CK, LDH and VEGF were significantly elevated in RA with CVD, as well as serum TC, TG, LDL, ApoB100 and ApoE, while ApoA1 and HDL/CHOL were decreased. Furthermore, the ratio of Treg cells, exhibiting excellent separation performance, in RA with CVD was significantly lower than that in other groups, while the ratio of Th1/Th2/NK and Treg were significantly elevated. LASSO, RF and LR models were also used to find the risk factors for CVD in RA. Through the final selected indicators screened by three machine learning models and univariate analysis, a convenient nomogram was established for predicting CVD risk in RA.ConclusionsSerum lipids, lipoproteins, and Treg cells have been identified as risk factors for CVD in patients with RA, and three nomograms combining various risk factors were constructed and were used for individualized prediction of CVD in patients with RA (pure RA and/or with CVD risk factors).
Identification of diagnostic genes for acute appendicitis and appendiceal cancer based on bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Xiali , Liu Zhihan , Wu Lidong , Feng Qian , Zhou Jinchuang , Luo Zhiqiang , Wang Yibing
Published: May 2023

Background
Appendiceal cancer is a rare malignancy that is often discovered incidentally in acute appendicitis patients. The diagnosis and treatment of this disease are challenging due to its low incidence and nonspecific symptoms. In this study, we used bioinformatics and machine learning to identify novel diagnostic genes for appendiceal cancer in acute appendicitis.
Methods
To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between acute appendicitis and appendiceal cancer, we analyzed two GEO datasets (GSE9575 and GSE7535). Then, to select the most important differential expressed genes for diagnosis, we used three machine learning methods (LASSO logistic regression, SVM-RFE, and RandomForest). We also performed functional enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT analysis to explore the biological functions and immune cell infiltration of the feature genes.
Results
We identified 45 DEGs between appendiceal cancer and acute appendicitis, of which 23 were upregulated and 22 were downregulated in appendiceal cancer. The ROC curve analysis showed that the feature genes had an AUC of 1.000 for discriminating appendiceal cancer from acute appendicitis. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that the feature genes were mainly involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, and DNA repair pathways. The CIBERSORT analysis showed that the feature genes were associated with different immune cell types, such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
Conclusion
We identified novel critical genes involved in the progression of appendiceal cancer and provided potential biomarkers for its diagnosis. Our findings also suggested that the feature genes might play a role in modulating the immune response in appendiceal cancer.
Determinants of cognitive fatigue: Evaluating the effects of brain injury, disease and tasks
Authors: Wylie Glenn R , Genova Helen M , Yao Bing , Chiaravalloti Nancy , AF Román Cristina , Sandroff Brian M , DeLuca John
Published: May 2023

Because cognitive fatigue (CF) is common and debilitating following brain injury or disease we investigated the relationships among CF, behavioral performance, and cerebral activation within and across populations by combining the data from two cross-sectional studies. Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) were included to model CF resulting from neurological disease; individuals who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) were included to model CF resulting from neurological insult; both groups were compared with a control group (Controls). CF was induced while neuroimaging data was acquired using two different tasks. CF significantly differed between the groups, with the clinical groups reporting more CF than Controls. The accrual of CF did not differ across the three groups; and CF ratings were consistent across tasks. Increasing CF was associated with longer response time for all groups. The brain activation in the caudate nucleus and the thalamus was consistently correlated with CF in all three groups, while more dorsally in the caudate, activation differed across the groups. These results suggest the caudate and thalamus to be central to CF while more dorsal aspects of the caudate may be sensitive to damage associated with particular types of insult.
Magnetic poles enabled kirigami meta-structure for stable mechanical memory storage with high information density and structural robustness
Authors: Li Yanbin , Wang Baolong , Li Z.Q. , Xin Libiao
Published: May 2023

Some bi/multi-stable mechanical meta-structures have been implemented as mechanical memory devices which however are with limits such as complex structural forms, low information storage capability and/or fragile structural stability to maintain the stored information bits robustly under external interferences. To address these issues, we refer to the structural intelligence by constructing a simple 3D-printable multi-layered cylindrical kirigami module with gradient structural parameters and propose a mechanical memory device that can robustly store information bits exponentially larger than previous designs. We demonstrate the promising enhancement of information storage capability of our proposed mechanical memory device relies on two mechanisms: (1) the deformation sequences of the kirigami module enabled by the gradient structural parameter, which brings the extra dimensional degree of freedom to break the traditional mechanical memory unit with only planar form and merits information bits with spatially combinatorical programmability, and (2) the combinatorics of the deformation independences among the cylindrical kiriagmi unit arrays in the constructed mechanical memory device. Particularly, we achieve both the structural stabilities and the desired structural robustness in the mechanical memory devices by additively introducing magnetic “N-S” poles in units, which can protect the stored information from interferences like mechanical crushing, impacting and/or shaking.
Reversible Modulation of Interlayer Stacking in 2D Copper-Organic Frameworks for Tailoring Porosity and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: You Pei-Ye , Wang Yu-Mei , Lin Xiao-Chun , Mo Kai-Ming , Lin Jia-Tong , Xie Mo , Wei Rong-Jia , Ning Guo-Hong , Li Dan
Published: May 2023

The properties of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) including porosity, catalytic activity as well as electronic and optical properties are greatly affected by their interlayer stacking structures. The precise control of their interlayer stacking mode, especially in a reversible fashion, is a long-standing pursuit, but still remains challenging. Herein, we prepared three 2D copper-organic frameworks, namely JNM-n (n = 7, 8, and 9). Interestingly, the reversible interlayer sliding between eclipsed AA stacking (i.e., JNM-7-AA and JNM-8-AA) and staggered ABC stacking (i.e., JNM-7-ABC and JNM-8-ABC) can be achieved through environmental stimulation, which endows reversible encapsulation and release of lipase. Importantly, JNM-7-AA and JNM-8-AA exhibited a broader light absorption range, higher charge-separation efficiency and higher photocatalytic activity for sensitizing O2 to 1O2 and O2•− than their ABC stacking isostructures. Consequently, JNM-8-AA exhibited much higher photocatalytic activities for oxidative cross-coupling reaction than those for JNM-8-ABC and other reported homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
Diffusion-based Generative AI for Exploring Transition States from 2D Molecular Graphs
Authors: Kim Seonghwan , Woo Jeheon , Kim Woo Youn
Published: May 2023

The exploration of transition state (TS) geometries is crucial for elucidating chemical reaction mechanisms and modeling their kinetics. Recently, machine learning (ML) models have shown remarkable performance for prediction of TS geometries. However, they require 3D conformations of reactants and products often with their appropriate orientations as input, which demands substantial efforts and computational cost. Here, we propose a generative approach based on the stochastic diffusion method, namely TSDiff, for prediction of TS geometries just from 2D molecular graphs. TSDiff outperformed the existing ML models with 3D geometries in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. Moreover, it enables to sample various TS conformations, because it learned the distribution of TS geometries for diverse reactions in training. Thus, TSDiff was able to find more favorable reaction pathways with lower barrier heights than those in the reference database. These results demonstrate that TSDiff shows promising potential for an efficient and reliable TS exploration.
Factors affecting the penetration in microneedles and PLGA nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery: Importance of preparation and formulation
Authors: Lu Geng , Li Baohua , Deng Qiyi , Lin Luping , Liao Liqi , Li Xiaofang , Lu Zhufen , BAN JUNFENG
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Oral administration of the first-line antidepressant paroxetine (PAX) has certain limitations, including difficulty in reaching the brain due to oral absorption. Although there are many invasive and non-invasive strategies available to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), they run counter to long-term administration and convenience for patients.
Methods
We herein designed a simple PAX-loaded nanoparticle-integrated dissolving microneedles system (PAX-NP-DMNs), aiming to improve the bioavailability of PAX through the synergistic permeation-enhancing effect of microneedles (MNs) and nanoparticles (NPs).
Results
We assessed the NPs characteristics before and after MNs preparation and confirmed the successful construction of PAX-NP-DMNs based on differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the mechanical strength test, the addition of NPs increased the mechanical strength of dissolving MNs by 0.43 times and prolonged the release of PAX from 1 h to 48 h; PAX-NP-DMNs has over 40 times than PAX solution in the isolated skin penetration in permeability experiments. Moreover, PAX-NP-DMNs has good biocompatibility and does not cause adverse reactions.
Conclusion
Loading PAX into polylactic glycolic copolymer NPs and adding them into MNs can effectively improve the bioavailability of PAX and the mechanical strength problem of dissolving MNs. PAX-NP-DMNs can easily penetrate the skin to provide rapid and painless delivery without causing adverse effects, thus offering a more convenient and effective method for the treatment of central nervous diseases.
Molecular Detection of Leishmania spp.and blood source of female sandflies in theParque Estadual do Rio Doce, the municipality of Timóteo, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Souza Cristian Ferreira , Santos Carlos Alberto , Bevilacqua Paula Dias , Filho José Dilermando Andrade , Brazil Reginaldo Peçanha
Published: May 2023

Background Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) and transmitted by the bite of female sand fly insects (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). The present work was characterized as a descriptive study comparing two areas: a wild area where the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD) is located and another urban area, located in the municipality of Timóteo-MG (AUT) with a propose to identify the presence of Leishmania spp. and the blood source of collected female sand flies.Methods Sand flies were collected with CDC light trap, between September 2012 and February 2014.We used 19 traps in the Urban Area of ​​Timóteo and 12 in the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce. For molecular studies of Leishmania spp. DNA we used ITS1 gene and in the search of blood source, the CytB gene was used and positive samples were sequenced.Results In the municipality of Timóteo there are at least three species of Leishmania: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (V.) guyanensis. Nyssomyia whitmani and Pressatia choti predominated in urban area and PERD, respectivelly, both species were positive for the presence of Leishmania braziliensis DNA. We found also the presence of blood of Gallus gallus (chicken) and Sus scrofa (pig) in sand flies, which helps to maintain the flies in the urban area of ​​the municipality.Conclusion The present study demonstrates that Leishmania braziliensis is the main agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the study area, with effective participation of Nyssomyia whitmani as a vector and boths Gallus gallus (chicken) and Sus scrofa (pig) are fundamental in maintaining the cycle in urban areas.