bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of discharge parameters of an argon cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet and its impact on surface characteristics of White Grapes
Authors: Mishra Abhijit , Mishra Ritesh , Siddiqui Yasir Hussain , Jangra Sushma , Pandey Shikha , Prakash Ram
Published: September 2024

An argon cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) jet operated using bipolar pulsed power supply has been characterised electro-optically and the discharge parameters are optimized. An analysis has been done on the impact of the argon CAP jet treatment on the surface properties of white grapes for different treatment time period. The developed argon CAP jet is a plasma source based on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) that has been tuned at various input parameters including applied voltage, frequency, average power consumption, and argon flow rate. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is used to identify the generated species along with plasma parameters. The collisional–radiative (CR) model is employed to extract the electron density (ne) and electron temperature (Te) from the spectra at the optimised applied voltage of 4 kV, frequency 20 kHz and argon flow rate of 4 slpm. The OES results coupled with the CR model (ne ∼ 1014 cm−3 and Te ∼ 1 eV) and the plasma gas temperature measurement through OH (A-X) transitions (Tg ∼ 310.5 K) show the non-equilibrium nature of the argon CAP jet. A comparative analysis between untreated and treated white grapes reveals that the argon CAP jet treatment influences surface microstructure, increasing hydrophilicity (with a ∼49.3% decrease in water contact angle) along with slight changes in surface temperature (∼5 °C increase), colour (ΔE* < 1.5), and physiochemical properties such as chemical composition (no change) and Total Soluble Solid (TSS) content (∼8.3%). It is inferred that this type of CAP jet treatment of white grapes only affects the physical characteristics of the grape surface and does not alter any chemical compositions.
Kirchhoff index of some networks based on the cluster of graph
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Xue Yumei , Wei Cancan , He Huixia , Zeng Cheng
Published: September 2024

The Kirchhoff index represents the sum of resistance distances between all pairs of nodes in a network. It reflects the integrity and connectivity of the network. In this paper, we propose three classes of network models, all generated based on the cluster of graphs. We derive exact expressions for their Kirchhoff indices through an iterative methodology. Leveraging the derived formulas, we compared the Kirchhoff indices of the network families corresponding to three classes of networks generated under the same base graph. This enhances our evaluation of network characteristics, potentially serving as a critical tool in the practical design of networks.
Theoretical study on arsenene as anode material for magnesium ion battery in rail transit
Authors: Liu Huazhou , Guo Yipei , Zhang Zhichao
Published: September 2024

The development and regulation of high-performance anode materials contribute to the rapid development of ion batteries in rail transit. In this paper, based on the first-principles calculation method of density functional theory, the properties of two-dimensional arsenene materials are regulated by torsional deformation, and the feasibility of torsionally deformed arsenene as an electrode material for magnesium ion batteries is studied. The results show that the arsenene monolayer remains stable after being adsorbed by a single Mg ion. The properties of arsenene are indirect bandgap semiconductors with a band gap of 1.60 eV. In the current research scope, deformation does not change the semiconductor properties of intrinsic arsenene. As the torsion angle increases, the band gap gradually decreases. The Mg-adsorbed arsenene system exhibits quasi-metallic properties with a band gap of 0.07 eV. The torsional deformation transforms the adsorption system into a small band gap semiconductor. The torsion deformation makes the diffusion energy barrier of magnesium ions on the arsenene monolayer only 0.09 eV, which ensures an excellent charge–discharge rate. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design of magnesium ion batteries in rail transit.
Towards unbiased recovery of cosmic filament properties: the role of spine curvature and optimized smoothing
Authors: Dhawalikar Saee , Paranjape Aseem
Published: September 2024

Cosmic filaments, the most prominent features of the cosmic web, possibly hold untapped
potential for cosmological inference. While it is natural to expect the structure of filaments to
show universality similar to that seen in dark matter halos, the lack of agreement between
different filament finders on what constitutes a filament has hampered progress on this topic. We
initiate a programme to systematically investigate and uncover possible universal features in the
phase space structure of cosmic filaments, by generating particle realizations of mock filaments
with a priori known properties. Using these, we identify an important source of bias in
the extraction of radial density profiles, which occurs when the local curvature κ of the
spine exceeds a threshold determined by the filament thickness. This bias exists even for
perfectly determined spines, thus affecting all filament finders. We show that this bias
can be nearly eliminated by simply discarding the regions with the highest κ, with little
loss of precision. An additional source of bias is the noise generated by the filament finder
when identifying the spine, which depends on both the finder algorithm as well as intrinsic
properties of the individual filament. We find that to mitigate this bias, it is essential not
only to smooth the estimated spine, but to optimize this smoothing separately for each
filament. We propose a novel optimization based on minimizing the estimated filament thickness,
along with Fourier space smoothing. We implement these techniques using two tools, FilGen which
generates mock filaments and FilAPT which analyses and processes them. We expect these tools to
be useful in calibrating the performance of filament finders, thereby enabling searches for
filament universality.
Revisiting evolution of domain walls and their gravitational radiation with CosmoLattice
Authors: Dankovsky I. , Babichev E. , Gorbunov D. , Ramazanov S. , Vikman A.
Published: September 2024

Employing the publicly available 𝒞osmoℒattice code, we conduct numerical simulations of a domain wall network and the resulting gravitational waves (GWs) in a radiation-dominated Universe in the Z2-symmetric scalar field model. In particular, the domain wall evolution is investigated in detail both before and after reaching the scaling regime, using the combination of numerical and theoretical methods. We demonstrate that the total area of closed walls is negligible compared to that of a single long wall stretching throughout the simulation box. Therefore, the closed walls are unlikely to have a significant impact on the overall network evolution. This is in contrast with the case of cosmic strings, where formation of loops is crucial for maintaining the system in the scaling regime. To obtain the GW spectrum, we develop a technique that separates physical effects from numerical artefacts arising due to finite box size and non-zero lattice spacing. Our results on the GW spectrum agree well with refs. [29,30], which use different codes. Notably, we observe a peak at the Hubble scale, an exponential falloff at scales shorter than the wall width, and a plateau/bump at intermediate scales. We also study sensitivity of obtained results on the choice of initial conditions. We find that different types of initial conditions lead to qualitatively similar domain wall evolution in the scaling regime, but with important variations translating into different intensities of GWs.
Performances of the ITER Pressure Suppression System during unstable steam condensation regimes
Authors: Berti L. , Lo Frano R. , Hall C. , Olcese M. , Sarkar B. , Aquaro D.
Published: September 2024

The paper deals with the qualification of the main safety system of the nuclear fusion reactor ITER: the Vacuum Vessel Pressure Suppression System. This safety system manages the Loss of Coolant Accident, that could occur in the Vacuum Vessel, avoiding a significant increase of the internal pressure that could breach the primary confinement barrier. Steam condensation occurs at sub-atmospheric pressure. This condition is original respect the usual applications of steam direct condensation in nuclear fission reactors. An extensive experimental research program, funded by ITER Organization, on reduced scale experimental rigs (scale 1/22 and 1/10) have been carried out at the University of Pisa. Unstable condensation regimes occurred during some tests at about 500 g s−1 of steam mass flow rate (10% of the maximum steam mass flow rate foreseen for the relevant accidental scenarios). In these conditions, high intensity vibrations of the whole experimental rig occurred. These events can be classified as ‘Chugging’ or Condensation Induced Water Hammer. The performed tests have been analysed elaborating the images of the video-cameras located in the pool and comparing the steam jet shape with the acceleration values recorded by an accelerometer mounted on the sparger structure. These elaborations permitted to evaluate the dynamic of bubble collapse, the volume of the developed external bubbles, the collapse frequency as function of thermal-hydraulic parameters. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the beneficial effects of non-condensable gases (NCGs) on the unstable condensation regimes. In fact, the NCG inhibits the occurrences of Water Hammer inside the sparger and eliminates the thermal stratification inside the water pool increasing the turbulence.
C-band 15w High PAE Second Harmonic Suppression Power Amplifier MMIC For Radar Networks
Authors: Wang Zesong , Liu Hao , Cao Jia , Wang Chao
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces the design process of a high-efficiency power amplifier, which adopts the 0.25µm GaN HEMT technology and a two-stage amplifier structure. In order to control harmonics for the second time, the SHS topology was added to the final matching network. After obtaining the physical object, the chip was tested using a 10% duty cycle pulse, and the test results showed that the second harmonic suppression degree of MMIC in the 5-6GHz band exceeded -45dBc, the pout was higher than 15W, the gain was greater than 22dB, and the PAE ranged from 52% to 60%. In addition, the PA MMIC had a size of 3 × 1.3 mm2.
A Novel Approach for Stratifying Pulmonary Edema Severity on Chest X-ray via Dual-Mechanic Self-Learning and Bidirectional Multi-Modal Cross-Attention Algorithms
Authors: Meng Ziyang , Zhao Huajun , Tan Weixiong , Wang Dawei
Published: September 2024

Accurate assessment of pulmonary edema severity in acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF) patients is vital for treatment decisions. Traditional methods face challenges due to the complexity of chest X-ray (CXR) and unstructured radiology reports. We proposed a method combining self-supervised learning and multimodal cross-attention to address these challenges. Dual-mechanic self-supervised pre-training enhances feature extraction using contrastive learning between text and image features, and generative learning between images. A bidirectional multi-modal cross-attention model integrates image and text information for fine-tuning, improving model performance. Four CXR datasets consisting of 519, 437 images were used for pre-training; 1200 randomly selected image-text pairs were used for fine-tuning and partitioned into train, validation, and test sets at 3: 1: 1. Ablation studies for pre-training and fine-tuning approaches indicated their practicality as evidenced by the optimal macro F1 score of 0.667 and optimal macro-AUC of 0.904. It also outperformed other state-of-the-art multi-modality methods. The novel approach could accurately assess pulmonary edema severity, offering crucial support for CHF patient management.
Sustainability status of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) nurseries business
Authors: Astari B , Effendi I , Budiardi T , Hadiroseyani Y , Diatin I , Ismi S
Published: September 2024

Business will be sustainable if there is a synergistic interaction among the economy’s production, economic, environmental, and social sectors. This research aims to assess the sustainability status of a hybrid grouper nursery in Situbondo, East Java. Sustainability consists of human resources, production, market, economy, technology, and institutional aspects. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and leverage analysis were done on the data using the RAPFISH software. The average index obtained by all hybrid grouper nurseries with very sustainable status was obtained in the economic aspect with an average value of 83.05, and less sustainable status was obtained in the technological aspect at 49.71. Hybrid grouper nurseries obtained an average index ranging from 50.01 to 66.41 with a fairly sustainable status. Sixteen sensitive factors influence the sustainability index of hybrid grouper nurseries. These factors include health, social relationships between members, coaching and training, availability of transportation, road conditions, survival rate, seed prices, and technology availability. Apart from that, there are payment systems between group businesses, group help, exchange systems between businesses, profit-sharing systems between businesses, personal help, counseling, training, and sources of capital.
Study on Pasir Lobster Enlargement (Panulirus homarus) to Improve Cultivation Productivity with Keong Bakau (Telescopium telescopium)
Authors: Rizqullah Favian Aryasatya , Hartono Besty Angela , Pasaribu Valentino Hasahatan , Sari Luthfiana Aprilianita , Sari Putri Desi Wulan , Nindarwi Daruti Dinda , Arsad Sulastri
Published: September 2024

The potential of lobster in Indonesia is very high, the demand for lobster continues to increase every year, while the supply still utilizes the catch of fishermen. Lobster utilization in Indonesia is still low, therefore there must be sustainable cultivation in order to increase the quantity and quality of lobsters in Indonesia. One way to increase lobster enlargement is by feeding Keong Bakau. The purpose of this study is to determine and improve Lobster Pasir enlargement, including enlargement management, water quality management, and feed management with Keong Bakau. The study was conducted at the Lombok Marine Aquaculture Center, in Indonesia. The method used is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The feed used was Keong Bakau. The survival rate (SR) value reached 100%, the specific growth rate (SGR) value was 0.002%, and the FCR value was 23.82. The amount of feed given is sufficient for the needs of the lobster, the Keong Bakau used has chitosan which can help support the survival of the lobster. The average results of water quality include temperature (28.06oC), pH (7.07), DO (7.34 mg/l), Salinity (32.9 ppt), Turbidity (2.66 m), Phosphate (0.175 mg/l), Nitrite (0.002 mg/l), Nitrate (0.02 mg/l), and Ammonia (0.055 mg/l). DO values were slightly different from the optimal range due to the reduced intensity of vessels passing through the KJA. Keong Bakau has calcium which plays an important role in the formation of the exoskeleton in lobsters after the molting process.
Experimental concerning the influence upon gaseous emissions by using HHO addition to an LPG powered Otto engine
Authors: Suciu Cosmin Constantin , Igreț Sorin Vlad , Ionel Ioana
Published: September 2024

Because of the increased pollution regulations imposed on internal combustion engines across the world as well to preserve the air quality, effective solutions for new and older cars must be found in reference to their emission levels. This paper focuses on the impact of adding oxyhydrogen (HHO) fueled into an Otto engine working with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), in reference to the emission concentration values. HHO is produced using a water electrolytic conversion technique that works in tandem with the Otto engine. The electrolytic convertor can generate 1,800 litters of HHO gas from 1 liter of water. Due to this addition, the total calorific power of the fuel mixture is growing by around 30 % in comparison to only LPG fueled situation, considered as basic one. All measurements were conducted in a laboratory with accredited and approved gas analyzers and measuring devices. The study presents comparative results of the basic measurements, at an engine speed of 800 rotations per minute (RPM) and respectively at 2,000 RPM, when using an LPG as fuel, respectively a mixture LPG and HHO. As conclusion, one proves that the addition of HHO can generate as effect the decreased of particular emission values.
Conceptual design of an electric vehicle chassis using topology optimization method
Authors: Scurtu I L , Moldovanu D
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, the chassis represents the most important structural part of the vehicle, that has a great influence on the passenger’s safety. Lately, topology optimization represents a vital part of the automotive design process. The chassis design can improve the stability and rigidity of the vehicle for accurate handling. In this paper is presented the conceptual design of an EV (electric vehicle) chassis generated by using the topology optimization method. The introduction of the paper presents the latest method used in automotive optimization and the theoretical aspects. In the second part, the basic chassis structure is modelled using CAD software. The objective of this optimization study is to decrease the mass of the chassis to a minimum, without affecting the mechanical properties. Two optimization cases are studied using the steel and aluminium allow material at different boundary conditions. At the final of this research, all results are compared, and the conclusions are presented.
Experimental Passivity-based Control for PMSM
Authors: Vásquez-Sanjuan J J , Bociȋ S L , Espinosa T M , Alonso M A , Arízaga Silva J A , Yescas E M , Portillo M C
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the design, simulation and experimental validation of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) speed control. The technique applied was passivity based-control. All the process of design, simulation and experimental test is described for each state. The experimental test is carried out with the system TMDSHVMTRPFCKIT of Texas Instruments, all processes for implementation are described and the final diagram for obtaining the code. The simulation and experimental results validating the control strategy are illustrated and analysed.
The influence of particle filter regeneration on oil consumption in euro 5 Diesel Engine
Authors: Ostoia D. , Negoiţescu A.S.
Published: September 2024

The transport sector is a significant contributor to air pollution through the concentrations of emissions contained in the road vehicles flue gases. Although the implementation of EURO standards and the use of modern de-pollution technologies have greatly contributed to the reduction of these emissions, the concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere are still high. In this context, the paper analyses the cases in which the stability of the de-pollution system indirectly influences the oil consumption during the operation of a EURO 5 diesel engine fitted to an M1 car, which is caused by its improper operation. Thus, oil consumption is analyzed according to the degree of particulate filter blockage and its influence on engine performance. The results of the study showed that new technical solutions are needed to improve the stability of the engine operation. These solutions also lead to a reduction in the pollution generated by the car operation.
The influence of data aggregation levels on accident severity researches
Authors: Drosu A , Cofaru C , Popescu M V , Slaff C
Published: September 2024

This paper aims at assessing the influence of data aggregation on the estimation of the accidents’ severity. For this purpose, 27,400 accidents are investigated on three aggregation levels: individually (idl) which is highly disaggregated hourly (hrl), and daily (dil). A Severity Score (SS) is defined based on the injuries’ severity and relative cost weights. Multiple Linear Regressions are developed by assessing the SS’s variation as a collective explanatory effect of 83 predictors related to road environment, weather and lighting conditions, adherence conditions, and number of the involved vehicles. F and t tests are employed in order to assess the developed models and to investigate which variable is of statistical significance. This research shows that the higher the level of aggregation is, the higher the coefficient of determination. SS_dil model has the higher R2 value and direct relationships between SS and the number of accidents occurring in “U” curves, on roads with no shoulders, where the roadway was covered with slime or black ice and where the roadway was wet was found. One of the interesting findings of this paper shows that in the models with low R2 values (based on individual and hourly aggregated data), snow and fog significantly explain the variation of SS. As these are seasonally and short time phenomena, a further research should be focused on how the estimated models based on individual or hourly aggregated data could be improved by adding other significant predictors related to driver’s and vehicle’s characteristics and road environment’ features.
Road Safety in The European Road Transport System and the Correlation with Sustainable Development
Authors: Neamțu Gheorghe , Țîțu Aurel Mihail , Pop Alina Bianca , Bogorin – Predescu Adrian
Published: September 2024

In May 2018, the European Commission unveiled a medium-term strategic action plan as part of the Europe on the Move package, as well as a novel approach to road safety policy. In the long run, the European Union’s Vision Zero initiative has maintained an ambitious target of nearly zero fatalities by 2050. This mindset must grow stronger than it has been in the past, both among decision-makers and in society. The European Union Council, facilitating the Valletta Declaration on Road Safety of March 2017, set, for the first time, an important road safety target of halving the number of serious injuries across all EU countries by 2030, using 2020 as their benchmark. Road accidents are those quiet criminals since they often go unreported in our culture. Most Western countries, including EU members, boast some of the world’s safest roadways. In this connection, they aid other less developed European nations by emphasizing the knowledge acquired in this sector for their growth and advocating the highest possible standards on a worldwide scale. When compared to other continents, Europe is performing well in this regard, owing to decisive action at all levels, including national, regional, and municipal. At the European level, cumulative road accidents kill around 500 people every week. Deaths in other modes of transportation are no longer tolerated, and deaths on the road are no longer acceptable, and this concept must be integrated into the road safety decision-making process. It is absolutely crucial, and also required, to adopt the Safe System at the EU level as soon as possible. The scientific study includes specific research undertaken by the authors to apply various technological and managerial principles, in which correct and up-to-date facts and numbers concerning road safety and its management at the European level are provided. Those interested can thus become acquainted with the current state of play in the field approached about the new safety systems on vehicles, which have become mandatory for all car manufacturers in Europe as of January 1, 2022, but also about how these systems intervene to ensure the safety of the occupants of a vehicle. Finally, the results and future research and development directions are discussed.
Luminescent solar concentrator containing Parylene-C microfibrous thin film infiltrated with Lumogen F Red 305
Authors: Li Chengzhi , Wu Haodong , Poudel Bed , Awadelkarim Osama O , Lakhtakia Akhlesh
Published: September 2024

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) were made by the infiltration of microfibrous thin films (µFTFs) of Parylene C by Lumogen F Red 305 (LFR305), in order to maximize the concentration of light made available to a photovoltaic solar cell (PVSC). The Parylene-C µFTFs with either tilted columnar or chevronic morphology were fabricated using physicochemical vapor deposition and infiltrated with LFR305 using thermal evaporation. Application of a voltage across a photoresistor illuminated by a solar simulator (AM1.5) through an LFR305-infiltrated Parylene-C LSC resulted in an enhancement of the ON-OFF minimum current ratio by a factor of

1.5
±
0.29

compared to the ratio before LFR305 infiltration/deposition, regardless of morphology; furthermore, LFR305 infiltration enhanced the ON-OFF minimum current ratio by

56.5
±
21.5

%, depending on the morphology. The LSC concentration factor was determined to be

8.7
±
3.4

after integration with a monocrystalline-silicon solar cell, depending on the morphology.
Unconventional pairing in Ising superconductors: application to monolayer NbSe2
Authors: Roy Subhojit , Kreisel Andreas , Andersen Brian M , Mukherjee Shantanu
Published: September 2024

The presence of a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure and in-plane mirror symmetry allows an Ising spin–orbit coupling to form in some two-dimensional materials. Examples include transition metal dichalcogenide superconductors like monolayer NbSe2, MoS2, TaS2, and PbTe2, where a nontrivial nature of the superconducting state is currently being explored. In this study, we develop a microscopic formalism for Ising superconductors that captures the superconducting instability arising from a momentum-dependent spin- and charge-fluctuation-mediated pairing interaction. We apply our pairing model to the electronic structure of monolayer NbSe2, where first-principles calculations reveal the presence of strong paramagnetic fluctuations. Our calculations provide a quantitative measure of the mixing between the even- and odd-parity superconducting states and its variation with Coulomb interaction. Further, numerical analysis in the presence of an external Zeeman field reveals the role of Ising spin–orbit coupling and mixing of odd-parity superconducting state in influencing the low-temperature enhancement of the critical magnetic field.
Construction of high-efficiency Fe–MnO@Fe electrocatalyst for methanol and ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium
Authors: Lv Jianbing , Liao Ye , E Yifeng , Lin Xi , Zuo Jingyu , He Gaihua
Published: September 2024

Acquiring effective, durable and economical non-precious metal electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread utilization of fuel cells. In this work, an iron/manganese oxide nanocomposite (Fe–MnO@Fe) is synthesized as a novel electrocatalyst by direct-current arc plasma technology integrating transition metal and transition metal oxide. The Fe–MnO@Fe catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic performance. By modulating the percentage of transition metal and transition metal oxide in the composite, the largest current density values of methanol and ethanol oxidation of the composite reach 20.18 and 7.83 mA cm−2, respectively. In addition, the composite catalyst exhibits excellent stability and conductivity, and the catalyst greatly reduces the experimental cost relative to the noble metal catalysts, indicating that the composite is a potential fuel cell catalyst candidate and provides an innovative concept for creation non-precious metal catalysts.
Evaluation of mode-I delamination toughness of composites for automotive applications
Authors: Britto S John , TM Chenthil Jegan , Franklin V Alfred
Published: September 2024

With the increasing need for energy efficiency, fiber-reinforced composites are being widely used in the automotive industry. This study investigates the inter-laminar fracture behavior of fiber-reinforced composite double cantilever beam specimens considering a non-zero slope at the root. Experiments were conducted on unidirectional and cross-ply glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite specimens and the critical delamination toughness

G

I
C

has been evaluated by the proposed weighted residual equation. The proposed mathematical model requires crack length and the load versus displacement data to evaluate delamination fracture energy. This method accounts the measurement scatter and the rotation at the crack tip. For a particular specimen, the proposed model gives a unique value of critical delamination toughness value. The critical interface failure load estimates utilizing the evaluated delamination toughness agrees well with literature and in-house test results of double cantilever beam specimens.
SAL5087 bright welding wire two acid polishing process and its effect on surface roughness
Authors: Cai Ling Shan , Shui Ping Hu , Liang Jia Hao , Duan Xiao Ge , Zhong Qian Qian
Published: September 2024

In order to obtain bright aluminum alloy wires and eliminate the environmental and human hazards of traditional chemical polishing, the H3PO4-H2SO4 system chemical polishing process was developed for SAL5087, and the surface roughness was measured by laser confocal microscopy and the surface morphology was observed by sweeping electron microscopy as the evaluation index of the polishing quality. The process optimization was carried out by orthogonal experiments and the role of each component was analyzed. The experiments showed that phosphoric acid dominates the polishing process, which can effectively enhance the polishing effect under the synergistic effect with various additives. The surface roughness of the polished wire was reduced to 0.257 μm in the optimum process, and the surface was free of defects such as burrs and scratches.
Experimental study on residual compressive bearing capacity of cracked reinforced concrete columns by SCDA
Authors: Sun Jinshan , Liu Shaoyan , Hu Lingling , Jia Yongsheng , Yao Yingkang , Xia Yuqing
Published: September 2024

The static demolition of structures via soundless chemical demolition agent (SCDA) is attracting increasing attention because of its environmental friendliness and safety, especially in the dense urban areas. However, the research on the application of SCDA in demolishing the reinforced concrete is still scarce, seriously limiting the development of static demolition. In this work, with the combined efforts of experiments and theoretical analysis, we investigate the critical role of borehole layouts in the static demolition of reinforced concrete (RC) by determining the occurrence and expansion of cracks during static demolition, and the resulting residual mechanical properties of RC. The results show that the growth of cracks is significantly dependent on the reaction of SCDA. Additionally, the initiation time of cracking exhibits minimal sensitivity to variations in the layouts pattern of boreholes, while the progression of cracking is predominantly governed by the layouts of boreholes. We demonstrate that cracks formed in static demolition process can significantly reduce the strength of RC with about the remaining bearing capacity is only 10% to 33% of the original and change its failure mode. Further, it is point out that the key factor controlling the failure of RC under axial compression (i.e., the integrity of structures), and the RC with larger crack size and less structural integrity is more prone to fail. The results and findings in this work further clarify the role of borehole layouts and are of great significance in improving the efficiency of static demolition.
Advancing healthcare through piezoresistive pressure sensors: a comprehensive review of biomedical applications and performance metrics
Authors: Alghrairi Mokhalad , Farhan Basim Abdul Kareem , Ridha Hussein Mohammed , Mutashar Saad , Algriree Waleed , Sabbar Bayan Mahdi
Published: September 2024

Piezoresistive pressure sensors have transformed biomedical applications, enabling precise diagnostics and monitoring. This concise review explores the fundamental principles, key components, and fabrication techniques of piezoresistive pressure sensors, focusing on critical performance metrics such as sensitivity, accuracy, and response time. Biomedical design challenges, including biocompatibility and long-term stability, are examined, offering insights into solutions for optimal sensor integration. In diverse biomedical applications, piezoresistive pressure sensors play pivotal roles, from blood pressure monitoring to implantable medical devices. The paper emphasizes their versatility in enhancing patient care through continuous and accurate monitoring. Looking forward, the review discusses emerging trends and potential research directions, positioning piezoresistive pressure sensors as central contributors to the future of biomedical technology, promising improved patient outcomes and advanced healthcare delivery through precise and continuous monitoring.
The influence of moisture on precipitation patterns across the Western Tibetan Plateau and its response to sea surface temperature warming
Authors: Gao Yanhong , Jiang Haojun
Published: September 2024

The distribution of water resources in sub-basins across the Western Tibetan Plateau (WTP) is of critical importance due to not only ecological vulnerability resulting from the extremely arid climatology but also the political sensitivities surrounding the international rivers. In this study, we utilize an advanced water vapor tracer (WVT) embedded in the widely used regional climate model—Weather and Research Forecast (WRF), to quantify moisture contributions from four main sources towards precipitation over the WTP region. We also analyze influences on other sub-basins in the TP for comparison purposes. We examine how changes in sea surface temperature (SST) during 2010s compared to 1980s have influenced precipitation patterns and moisture contributions over recent decades. Our findings indicate that terrestrial moisture sources contribute more than oceanic sources towards the endorheic TP region. Recycling processes originating from highlands area are revealed to play a greater role in contributing moisture over WTP compared to those from lowlands areas. Furthermore, our results demonstrate stronger agreements between wetting distribution patterns and distributions of liquid/solid hydrometeors rather than water vapor distribution itself, highlighting condensation/freezing as critical factors. Notably, we observe different responses within Amu Dayra basin compared to the main WTP when subjected to SST changes. This study focuses on delineating distinct roles of terrestrial and oceanic moisture sources in driving precipitation changes over WTP, while specifically emphasizing condensation process’ contribution to inner TP’s precipitation and highlighting moisture transport form oceans’ influence on precipitation patterns over Amu Dayra basin.
Lung cancer classification model using convolutional neural network with feature ranking process
Authors: Aharonu Mattakoyya , Lokesh Kumar R
Published: September 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, highlighting the importance of early detection to improve patient outcomes. The goal of this study is to create a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system that detects and classifies lung cancer based on medical images using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and feature extraction techniques. By automating the process and reducing reliance on manual interpretation, the goal is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of lung cancer diagnosis. The study employs the LIDC-IDRI dataset, a comprehensive collection of lung cancer-related medical images, to achieve this goal. To improve the visual representation of the images, pre-processing techniques are used. The RGB images are converted to grayscale using a formula that considers the human perception of colour intensity. The images are then subjected to median filtering to reduce noise and smooth out irregularities. In addition, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is used to improve contrast and detail while reducing noise. To segment regions of interest based on grey-level intensities, thresholding techniques, specifically Otsu’s thresholding, are used. The Sobel operator is used to refine the segmentation process by enhancing edges and contours in binary images. Morphological operations such as dilation and filling are used to refine the segmented regions even further. Feature extraction is used to extract statistical data and texture characteristics from segmented regions. Mean and variance calculations reveal information about brightness and variability within regions, whereas co-occurrence matrices and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) properties quantify texture features. The correlation between different regions is also evaluated to assess their relationships. The t-test statistic is used to rank all extracted features based on their relevance. Using the pre-processed and ranked features as inputs, a CNN model with five hidden layers is trained. To classify the segmented regions into cancerous and non-cancerous classes, the model learns patterns and relationships in the data. A confusion matrix is used to assess the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the model’s predictions, with an emphasis on correctly identifying lung cancer-affected regions. The results show promising results, with the proposed CAD system identifying lung cancer-affected regions with an accuracy of 99.4375%. The system also outperforms other existing methods with a specificity of 99.12% and a sensitivity of 99.26%. These findings highlight the developed system’s potential as a valuable tool for early lung cancer detection, assisting doctors in making accurate diagnoses and improving patient outcomes.
Dual loop voltage droop regulated controller for DC microgrid using hybrid PSO and GGO algorithms
Authors: Prasad Neeraj Kumar , Singh Navdeep , Yadav Mukh Raj
Published: September 2024

DC microgrids are effectively employed in distribution network integration with renewable energy sources. The droop control technique is commonly utilized for DC microgrid regulation during load sharing. It minimizes the potential instability caused by disturbances such as input voltage changes, uncertainty parameters, and constant power load (CPL). Nevertheless, conventional droop control is inadequate in achieving precise current and satisfactory voltage regulation distribution for load sharing. The proposed approach comprises two separate loops for the DC bus voltage regulation and load current distribution, delivering a CVL and CPL to overcome the single optimization voltage controller technique. The primary loop uses the PSO algorithm to precisely manage the current load sharing among two parallel converters. Due to this the instability problems arising from disturbances, and it mitigated by the proposed topology. The multiobjective optimization technique provides notable resilience, rapid dynamic response, and robust stability over considerable variations in load. The secondary loop utilises the GGO algorithm to optimize the parameter to minimize the DC bus voltage regulation, voltage management, reasonable distribution of load power, and suitable reliability. The performance of the voltage regulation enhance & settling time for output voltage has been mitigated more than 31 ms times through the proposed controller compared to conventional controller under the variation of CVL, CPL, and input voltage disturbance demonstrated in simulation results.
Exploiting speech tremors: machine learning for early diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Chauhan Ritu , Sharma Urvashi
Published: September 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases pose significant challenges in healthcare, with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) being one such rare yet debilitating condition affecting motor neurons. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as powerful tools in healthcare, offering insights and solutions for various medical conditions. This study investigates the application of ML to enhance early ALS diagnosis through the analysis of tremors in sustained speech. By focusing on tremor detection as a diagnostic marker, the research employs ML algorithms to develop predictive models capable of distinguishing ALS patients from healthy controls. The dataset comprises 54 patients from the Republican Research and Clinical Centre of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Belarus, Minsk. The study adopts a two-faceted approach: (1) Exploratory voice analysis to identify tremors associated with ALS in speech samples. (2) Development of ML algorithms to construct predictive models for early ALS diagnosis based on the identified tremors. The ML models exhibit promising results in distinguishing ALS patients from healthy controls based on speech analysis. Tremor detection in sustained speech proves to be an effective marker for early ALS diagnosis. While initial findings are encouraging, larger-scale studies are required to validate the clinical applicability of this approach. The successful application of ML and AI in early ALS diagnosis by leveraging innovative approaches, such as tremor detection in sustained speech, we can enhance early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS on a broader scale.
Analysis of cement-stabilized soil on road embankment employing finite element analysis - a case study
Authors: Ashiq Hasan Muhommed , Sabab Shadman Rahman , Joy Jamil Ahmed , Zahid Chowdhury Zubayer Bin , Kabir Mozaher Ul
Published: September 2024

The application of stabilized soil is fast expanding around the world, and it is delivering improvements to the construction industry. Stabilized soil is a popular choice for reinforcing road embankments around the world. A layer of cement-stabilized soil can reduce the settlement of the soil layer below the embankments. This case study compares the long-term settlement of road embankments with and without cement-stabilized soil layers of the Chittagong Port Access Road located at Teknaf Bangladesh. The settlement analysis of the road embankment was performed using the Finite Element Analysis with Plaxis2D. In this study, two forms of sequence modeling were used. First, the settlement of a road embankment without reinforcement was examined. The second modeling step was to determine the settlement of an embankment reinforced with a cement-stabilized soil layer. Following the simulation, a comparison was performed. Additionally, the effect of cement content (4%, 8%, and 12%), compaction energy, and single, double, and triple layers of cement-stabilized soil on long-term settlement along with the factor of safety of the embankment have been addressed. The results demonstrated that using this specific cement-stabilized soil below the road embankment has decreased the long-term settlement of the soil while increasing the safety of the embankment compared to that without the cement-stabilized soil reinforcement.
Enhancing the Lifetime of STT-RAM by IFTRP
Authors: Priya Bhukya Krishna , Naick Bhukya Krishna , Ramasubramanian N
Published: September 2024

Spin Transfer Torque Random Access memory (STT-RAM) is a better alternative to overcome the shortcomings of the existing memory technologies. But, the implementation of STT-RAM memory technologies on the existing memory are limited due to its write restriction. The disadvantages of STT-RAM have been overcome by many of the existing techniques. The existing techniques either reduce the writes or variation in the writes on the cache block in inter-set(IeS) or intra-set(IrS) by writing the data from hot block to cold block, which may lead to a Repeated Address Attack. A IFTRP (Inter-secure Fault Tolerant Replacement Policy) is proposed to reduce the attacks and have lifetime enhancement on the STT-RAM. The variation in writes is reduced by IFTRP in both IeS and IrS by RSS (Randomized Swap Shift policy), RICL(Randomized Invalidation Cache Line) method with a variation in the threshold values, so that the location of data blocks is not predictable by the intruder. The proposed method also identifies the partial cell failures by flagging them as invalid, so that the future write is not performed on the invalid line. The proposed method reduces the attacks and improves the lifetime of the memory by 15% in cache and has negligible area overhead.
Remaining useful life prediction method for cross- condition tools based on parallel fusion
Authors: Ma Hongbo , Chen Bingquan , Kong Xianguang , Liu Zhenguo , Chen Ke , Huang Song , Yin Lei
Published: September 2024

The current tool remaining useful life (RUL) prediction models do not fully consider the importance of signals from different sensors and the differences in working conditions, which leads to a decline in the model’s robust performance under new conditions. This paper introduces a novel cross-condition RUL prediction approach that integrates parallel fusion, transfer learning, and deep learning. Considering the characteristics of different data sources, correlated signals are initially selected using correlation analysis and dynamic time warping (DTW). Subsequently, multi-scale Depthwise Separable Convolution and multi-attention mechanisms are combined to capture the importance of features at various scales. Finally, a dynamic domain adaptation technique is employed to adjust the importance weights of conditional distribution discrepancy and marginal distribution discrepancy, enabling the model to adapt to cross-condition scenarios.
Research on the vibration load spectrum extraction method for electric drive assembly
Authors: Zou Xihong , Wang Qinfeng , Yuan Dongmei , Zhang Yiwei , Qiu Weiben , Tan Yunlong , Xiong Feng , Wang Wanying
Published: September 2024

It is vital to precisely extract the actual vibration load spectrum of the electric drive assembly since it is a crucial piece of fundamental load data for vibration testing and vibration fatigue performance development. A simulation iteration-based vibration load spectrum extraction method for electric drive assemblies is proposed by actually measuring the six-component load spectrum. The entire vehicle system dynamical model was developed and validated using an electric car’s electric drive assembly as the study object. A simulated iterative system is established, and the frequency response function of the system is obtained. The excitation signals of the simulated iterative system are obtained by the simulated iterative algorithm and verified, with all relative errors within 5.0%. The results indicate that the simulation iteration-based method for extracting the vibration load spectrum of the electric drive assembly can accurately simulate the loads on the electric drive assembly during actual vehicle operation.
Synergistic xylan decomposition by a reducing-end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase with other xylanolytic enzymes derived from Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus strain TW1
Authors: Taniguchi Koki , Karita Shuichi , Umekawa Midori
Published: September 2024

Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus strain TW1 is a promising tool for decomposing xylan-containing lignocellulosic biomass, since this strain possesses various genes encoding cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic enzymes. In this study, PxRex8A from the TW1 strain was found to be a reducing-end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase of glycoside hydrolase family 8, which cleaves xylose from xylooligosaccharides of corn core xylan. In a synergistic assay, the efficient decomposition of oat spelt xylan (OSX) and beech wood xylan was exemplified in the combination of endo-β-1,4-xylanase (PxXyn11A) and PxRex8A from the TW1 strain in a molar ratio of 4:1. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of β-d-xylosidase/α-l-arabinofuranosidase (PxXyl43A) from this strain with PxXyn11A and PxRex8A achieved twice the amount of reducing sugars (1.1 mg/mL) against OSX after 24 h compared to PxXyn11A alone (0.5 mg/mL). These results demonstrate that synergy effect of PxRex8A and PxXyl43A with PxXyn11A promotes xylan degradation into xylose.