bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing digital en el desarrollo de las compañías de Taxis del cantón La Maná
Authors: Doicela Changoluisa Llomay Steven , Cabrera Toscano Eduardo Fabricio
Published: February 2025

Las compañías de taxis de La Maná han experimentado un estancamiento en su crecimiento y desarrollo en los últimos años, esto debido a que este se ve amenazado por un mercado que se mantiene constantemente cambiante y competitivo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudió fue analizar la incidencia del marketing digital en el desarrollo de las Compañías de Taxis del cantón La Maná. En este estudio empleó un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo de investigación usada será de tipo descriptivo, para la recolección de datos y levantamiento de información, la investigación arrojó como población de estudio al sector de Transporte esta compuestas por 4 compañías que prestan el servicio de Taxis, de las cuales siguiendo el interés de estudio se idéntico que la muestra poblacional de colaborares (socios) está compuesta por 90 socios en su totalidad. Se identificó que existe un enfoque proactivo en el uso de tecnologías digitales como pagos online como por banca móvil así también como reservas por lo que el 73% de estas compañías que adoptaron esta estrategia aumentó en un 60% la captación de los clientes. Finalmente, la correlación puso en manifiesto una relación relevante entre la aplicación de estrategias de marketing digital y el desarrollo de la empresa.
Cumplimiento de la misión organizacional y el papel mediador del compromiso laboral en el desempeño del personal del Hospital General IESS – Riobamba
Authors: Lema Guaño Susana Isabel , Balanzátegui García Rosalina Ivonne
Published: February 2025

La investigación trató el asunto de cómo el desconocimiento de la misión de la organización y la percepción de un apoyo restringido pueden influir de manera adversa en el rendimiento laboral en el Hospital General IESS – Riobamba. El propósito principal era analizar el impacto del cumplimiento de la misión de la organización y el rol intermediario del compromiso laboral en el rendimiento del personal. Mediante el uso de un diseño no experimental y la recopilación de datos a través de encuestas a 82 trabajadores de salud, se llevó a cabo un análisis exploratorio factorial para determinar la correlación entre las variables. Los hallazgos señalaron que tanto la realización de la misión como el compromiso en el trabajo son elementos esenciales que influyen de manera positiva en el rendimiento en el trabajo. Se constató que un mayor alineamiento con la misión de la organización tiene una correlación significativa con un incremento en el compromiso y rendimiento del personal. Además, se resaltó la relevancia del respaldo organizacional, considerado un factor crucial que impacta en la satisfacción y el desempeño en el trabajo. Se concluye, de la investigación subraya la importancia de potenciar la comunicación de la misión de la organización y robustecer el compromiso laboral para mejorar el rendimiento del personal.
OBRAZOVNI POTENCIJAL NAUČNIH DELA JEVTA MILOVIĆA: SREDNJOŠKOLSKA DODATNA NASTAVA IZ SRPSKOG JEZIKA I KNJIŽEVNOSTI
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Arts, Serbia, Sretković Arsenije M.
Published: February 2025

У раду се разматра методички потенцијал трију научних дела академика Јевта Миловића и то: Стазе ка Његошу, Рукопис Горског вијенца и Његош у слици и ријечи. У традиционалној наставној пракси у обради Његошевог дела, које је у наставном програму за други разред средње школе, углавном се примењују монолошка, дијалошка и текстовна метода. Научно стваралаштво Јевта Миловића омогућило би примену демонстративне методе на часовима додатне наставе уједно са применом осталих метода. Циљ рада је да укаже на методички потенцијал трију одабраних Миловићевих научних дела. За реализацију додатне наставе на којој би се разматрали сегменти Миловићевих књига потребна су два часа. Први час би био посвећен утврђивању знања о Његошу и његовом делу, док би други час био посвећен представљању резултата до којих су ученици дошли радећи у групама и примењујући истраживачку методу. Обрада одабраних дела Јевта Миловића утицала би на развој интересовања и развој мотивације за анализирање Његошевих дела. Истовремено, ученичка знања била би допуњена многобројним информацијама.
Kepemimpinan Antagonistik untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Organisasi Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik (Kjpp) di Indonesia
Authors: Duladi Duladi , Nurlaeli Fenti
Published: February 2025

Untuk mengetahui peran Kepemimpinan Antagonistik dalam meningkatkan kinerja organisasi telah dilakukan penelitian pada Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik (KJPP) di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, dilaksanakan dengan teknik survey dan cross sectional melalui penyebaran kuesioner terhadap populasi 813 responden pada organisasi KJPP. Data yang didapatkan sejumlah 251 kuesioner dengan data yang layak diananlisis sebanyak 217 kuesioner. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan software IBM SPSS AMOS 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran kinerja Kepemimpinan Antagonistik signifikan berpengaruh negative terhadap kinerja organisasi KJPP. Untuk meningkatkan Kepemimpinan Antagonistik kepada organisasi, maka diperlukan mengurangi intensitas intervensi terhadap kinerja anak buah. Kinerja profesionalisme dan independensi yang kuat dan sesuai standar penilaian serta kode etik penilaian serta peraturan lainnya sebagai pedoman utama dalam menjalankan profesi penilaian guna meningkatkan kinerja KJPP. Kebaruan dan Implikasi bahwa untuk meningkatkan peran Kepemimpinan Antagonistik yang signifikan berpengaruh negative terhadap kinerja organisasi KJPP, maka diperlukan upaya mengurangi aspek kepemimpinan dengan kuat kehati-hatian, menurunkan peran otoriter, leader negative afektif presence, dan menurunkan peran intervensi Kepememimpinan Antagonistik, namun tetap meningkatkan concideration leadership, dan independensi dan obyektivitas kepada para penilai dalam proses penilaian yang patuh dengan SPI, KEPI dan regulasi yang ada.
Stroke as the first manifestation of an atrial myxoma. Review of the literature
Authors:   Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Botezat Mihai-Marius , Istrate-Ofiţeru Anca-Maria ,   Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Iovan Larisa ,   Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Andrei Elena Cristina ,   Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Militaru Cristian ,   Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Botezat Emanuel ,   Student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Zorilă Marian Valentin ,   Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Militaru Sebastian ,   Clinic of Cardiology, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Craiova, Romania, Liliac Ilona Mihaela ,   Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
Published: February 2025

Cardiac myxoma (CM) is the most common benign tumor of the heart and an important etiology of stroke in young adults. The study aimed to provide the latest literature data on CMs and, in particular, on the association between CM and cardioembolic ischemic stroke. It also discussed a specific instance of atrial myxoma (AM) in a young patient who suffered an ischemic stroke linked with familial cavernomatosis. The case presentation focuses on a 43-year-old woman showed up at the hospital’s Emergency Room for transient speech disorders lasting about 15 minutes. The physical examination revealed preserved mental and cognitive status. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed three areas of microvascular ischemia (frontal, parietal, and left occipital), in addition to multiple cavernomatous lesions. Because these microvascular ischemias were located in different vascular territories, we considered the cause to be embolic and completed the investigation with a transesophageal cardiac ultrasound that revealed a mobile and heterogeneous tumor mass in the left atrium. Histopathological investigation with immunohistochemistry proved the tumor to be a CM. The patient therapy included a multidisciplinary approach, which led to surgical excision of the tumor. The co-existence of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and AM might thus be coincidental or induced by a common genetic component. More cases are needed to verify or disprove the concept of a shared genetic basis for CCMs and myxoma.
Morphopathology of the lesions induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs
Authors:   Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Buibaş Florin Ionuţ , Cercel Roberta Andreea ,   Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Şerbănescu Mircea-Sebastian ,   Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; Department of Pathology, Philanthropy Municipal Clinical Hospital, Craiova, Romania, Turcu Adina Andreea ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Dumitrescu Florentina ,   Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Pirici Daniel ,   Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Marinescu Ileana ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Ionovici Nina ,   Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Busuioc Cristina Jana ,   Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
Published: February 2025

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection spread rapidly from China around the world, causing the worst pandemic since the beginning of the 21st century. Although the disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has multiple organ symptoms, the main pathological lesions occur in the lung, causing respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, secondary bacterial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis. Despite the best efforts of researchers, the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular and tissue damage in organs and systems is poorly understood. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to highlight the pulmonary lesions and their extent, which could explain the complex symptomatology presented by patients who died with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study was performed on a number of 36 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who died under legally suspicious conditions, requiring autopsy within the Romanian Forensic Medicine Institutes. All patients presented a local inflammatory reaction of pneumonic type, with exudative and proliferative phenomena, with intra-alveolar and interstitial inflammatory infiltrates formed by lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes, with congested or ruptured blood vessels with intra-alveolar or interstitial hemorrhages, with multiple thrombosis, with proliferation of local fibroblasts transformed into myofibroblasts and presence of granulation tissue that remodeled the entire lung parenchyma.
Clinicopathological and molecular landscape in colorectal cancer associated with colorectal polyps and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors:   Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania, Pricope Diana Lavinia , Grigoraş Adriana ,   Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iaşi, Romania, Costin Constantin Aleodor ,   Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania, Amălinei Cornelia ,   Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iaşi, Romania
Published: February 2025

Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal polyps are considered as significant risk factors of colorectal cancer (CRC), the molecular mechanism associated with colorectal carcinogenesis is still explored. Unlike sporadic CRC, local persistent inflammation in IBD induces genetic and epigenetic alterations, leading to tumor development. Moreover, cumulative data indicate that colorectal polyps display a significant malignant potential. In this context, our study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of CRC associated with IBD and/or colorectal neoplastic polyps in a retrospective group of CRC cases. The clinical data and histopathological features of CRC cases have been collected from our files. Immunohistochemical examination of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins has been performed in a selected case. The study group comprised 40 patients, 72.5% men and 27.5% women, with a median age of 64.73±9.09 years. Out of the cases with double association, 62.5% of CRC cases displayed colorectal polyps, while 32.5% of patients were diagnosed with both CRC and IBD, which encompassed both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Two patients included in our study group exhibited a triple association of IBD, colorectal polyps, and CRC, one of them showing defective MMR (dMMR) phenotype. Although our results provide significant data on the relationship between IBD, colorectal polyps, and colorectal carcinogenesis, future cohort studies are needed to improve our understanding on the complex mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis, ultimately guiding improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for these patients.
Biology of recurrent cholesteatoma in a Romanian young patient – a case report
Authors:   PhD Student, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Bologa Ramona Andreea , Anghelina Florin ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Mitroi Mihaela Roxana ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Ciolofan Mircea Sorin ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Mogoantă Carmen Aurelia ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Căpitănescu Alina Nicoleta ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Grecu Alexandru Florian ,   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Anghelina Liliana ,   Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania, Botezat Mihai-Marius ,   Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
Published: February 2025

Cholesteatoma is an otologic pathology that can occur at any age and can lead to a variety of complications including facial palsy, intracranial abscess, hearing loss, venous thrombosis. Cholesteatoma, even if considered a benign condition, associates high risks of recurrency due to its invasiveness. We describe a case of recurrent cholesteatoma in a young boy who presented chronic ear discharge and hearing loss for which had undergone three surgical interventions between the ages of 16 and 19 years old, from 2019 to 2022. Pediatric cholesteatoma is more prone to recurrency. Considering surgical excision as the only treatment at the current moment, it is highly important to understand the biology of cholesteatoma lesional extension for further treatment management improvement. Good research of angiogenesis, chronic inflammation and immune infiltration correlated with surgical approach may be the future for preventing cholesteatoma recurrency.
The Role of Korean Syntax in Sentence Structure and Affixation Errors in Indonesian: A Study on Negative Transfer
Authors:   Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Indonesia., Kyeongjae Park , Jung Shua ,   Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Indonesia., Ko Yookyung ,   Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Indonesia., Sosrohadi Somadi ,   Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Indonesia., Rahman Fakhriawan Fathu ,   Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the syntactic and morphological errors made by Korean learners of Indonesian, focusing on word order, passive sentence construction, affixation, and subject omission errors. The findings indicate that these errors primarily result from negative transfer, where learners apply Korean grammatical structures to Indonesian, leading to systematic mistakes. A major challenge is word order errors, as Korean follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) or Subject-Adverbial-Object-Verb (S-Adv-O-V) structure, whereas Indonesian adheres to a fixed Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order. This difference leads learners to misplace objects and adverbial phrases, producing unnatural sentences. Another frequent issue is passive sentence construction errors. Korean learners often place the agent before the passive verb, mirroring Korean syntax, resulting in incorrect structures like “Surat ini dia dikirimkan kepada guru” instead of “Surat ini dikirimkan kepada guru oleh dia.” Affixation errors also arise due to differences in morphological structure. Korean learners incorrectly apply “-kan” to intransitive verbs or overuse repetition, influenced by Korean verb formation patterns. Subject omission is another common mistake. Korean frequently omits pronouns when understood from context, while Indonesian requires explicit subject pronouns. This results in incomplete sentences like “Pergi ke sekolah” instead of “Saya pergi ke sekolah.” These findings align with Selinker’s (1972) Interlanguage Theory, which explains how second-language learners create a transitional linguistic system influenced by their first language. To minimize these errors, Indonesian language instruction for Korean learners should emphasize contrastive grammar analysis, focusing on sentence structure, passive voice usage, affixation rules, and subject placement. Explicit instruction and targeted exercises can help learners develop greater grammatical accuracy and fluency in Indonesian.
Development of Social and Professional Skills during Educational Practice through Work and Enterprise-Based Learning in VET: An Empirical Study
Authors:   Sofia university- Bulgaria, Faculty of Pedagogy ORCID: 0009-0008-0863-1516, Vasilev Ass. eng. Iliyan , Petkova, PhD Ass. Prof. Iliana ,   Sofia university- Bulgaria, Faculty of Pedagogy , ORCID: 0000-0001-8444-3981
Published: February 2025

This article investigates the development of social and professional skills in students through work and enterprise-based learning within vocational education and training (VET). It underscores the foundational role of social skills in effective communication, relationship building, decision-making, and conflict resolution, which substantially influence various aspects of students’ lives, including academic performance and social interactions. The study emphasizes the significance of the workplace environments in shaping these skills, asserting that effective social skills contribute not only to successful personal relationships but also to professional achievements and broader societal contributions. The article outlines the importance of integrating formal instruction in social skills into educational curricula and extracurricular activities, highlighting various pedagogical approaches that enhance skill acquisition. Through empirical research involving qualitative and quantitative methods, the paper advocates for targeted, interdisciplinary training to engender competencies such as teamwork, negotiation, and client relations, essential for success in contemporary economic environments. Furthermore, the study calls for ongoing evaluation of educational strategies to refine methods for effectively cultivating social skills among students, preparing them for future challenges in a rapidly evolving world.
Effects of Personality Traits on Turnover Intention of Star-rated Hotel and Hostel Employees -Mediating Effect of Work Values and Moderating Effect of Human Resource Management Practices
Authors: Kao Jen Shou , Liu Chun Chu
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study selected employees of hotels or hostels registered as members of hotel associations in Taiwan’s six special municipalities as the study subjects through purposive sampling. An online questionnaire was distributed to the waiters, captains, supervisors, assistant managers, and part-timers, and 201 valid questionnaires were returned. Regression analysis revealed that work values (affective values) mediated the relationship between personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and turnover intention (dependent variable). Human resource management practices (decision-making and feedback) moderated the relationship between work values (instrumental and cognitive values) and turnover intention. Hence, business organizations must consider their philosophy, goals, market positioning, and available resources. If resources are limited, they should first focus on enhancing employees’ psychological wellbeing by increasing the additional values associated with the jobs, improving the working environment, creating a friendly workplace, and improving supervisors’ leadership styles and then increase salary and benefits, which have instrumental values.

Keywords: Personality trait, Work value, Turnover intention, Human resource management practice.
XIZMAT KOʻRSATISH KORXONALARIDA SIFATNI BOSHQARISHNING INNOVATSION USULLARI
Authors: Pardayev Erkin
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqola xizmat koʻrsatish korxonalarida sifatni boshqarishning innovatsion usullarini oʻrganishga bagʻishlangan. Xizmat koʻrsatish sohasida sifatni taʼminlash va boshqarish kompaniyalar uchun raqobatbardoshlikni oshirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Tadqiqotda sifatni boshqarishning zamonaviy usullari, shu jumladan texnologik innovatsiyalar, xizmatlarni tahlil qilish va mijozlar ehtiyojlariga moslashish kabi yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan. Ushbu maqola, xizmat koʻrsatish sohasida sifatni oshirish uchun innovatsion strategiyalarni joriy etishning ahamiyatini koʻrsatadi.
XIX ASR OʻZBEK SHOIRALARINING IJODIDA GUMANISTIK GʻOYALAR VA IJTIMOIY-FALSAFIY QARASHLAR
Authors: Rashidova Dilfuza
Published: February 2025

Mazkur tadqiqot XIX asr oʻzbek shoiralarining ijodida gumanistik gʻoyalar va ijtimoiy-falsafiy qarashlarning qanday ifodalanganini oʻrganishga bagʻishlangan. Tadqiqotda, Nodira, Uvaysiy, Zulfiya kabi shoiralarning sheʼriyatida jamiyatdagi ayollarning oʻrni, huquqlari, maʼnaviy poklik, adolat va ilm-maʼrifat masalalari qanday yoritilgani koʻrib chiqiladi. Shoiralar ijodida gumanizm tamoyillari, metaforik ifodalar va tasavvufiy qarashlarning keng qoʻllanilishi, ularning sheʼriyatidagi ijtimoiy hamda maʼnaviy mazmunning boyligi tadqiq etiladi.
JALOLIDDIN RUMIY ASARLARIDA FALSAFIY TUSHUNCHALAR VA ULARNING ILMIY–METODOLOGIK TAHLILI
Authors: Samadov Jonmurod
Published: February 2025

Mazkur maqola Jaloliddin Rumiy asarlarida mavjud boʻlgan falsafiy tushunchalarni va ularning ilmiy–metodologik tahlilini oʻrganadi. Rumiy tasavvuf falsafasi va uning ruhiy taraqqiyot, insonning ichki olami va ilohiy hikmatga boʻlgan munosabatini keng yoritadi. Maqola, shuningdek, Rumiyning asarlarini Ibn Arabi taʼlimoti va boshqa falsafiy tizimlar bilan solishtirish orqali ilmiy tahlil qiladi. Ushbu tahlil metodologik jihatdan Rumiyning tafakkurini anglashda yangi yoʻllar ochadi va tasavvuf falsafasining muhim tamoyillarini zamonaviy ilmiy meʼyorlar asosida baholaydi.
MAʼNAVIY TRANSFORMATSIYANING ISTIQBOLLARI: INNOVATSION GʻOYA VA LOYIHALAR
Authors: Bozorov Suxrob
Published: February 2025

Mazkur maqolada maʼnaviy transformatsiya jarayonlarining istiqbollari, uning jamiyat taraqqiyotiga taʼsiri hamda innovatsion gʻoya va loyihalar bilan bogʻliq jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Globallashuv va raqamli inqilob shart-sharoitlarida maʼnaviy-axloqiy qadriyatlarning rivojlanishi, yangi innovatsion yondashuvlarning ahamiyati va ularni jamiyatga tatbiq etish mexanizmlari koʻrib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, Oʻzbekiston misolida maʼnaviy-maʼrifiy sohada amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar, zamonaviy texnologiyalar va ijtimoiy tashabbuslarning roli tahlil qilinadi.
XOTIRANOMALARDA ZAMON VA MAKON MASALASI
Authors: Ubaydullayev Normuhammad
Published: February 2025

Zamonning makonda aks etishi tayin. Chunki zamona zayli bilan jamiyat hayotidagi uzil-kesil oʻzgarishlar roʻy berishi ayni haqiqatdir. Insonning bir-biridan goʻzal lahzalari hayot haqiqatining ushalgan orzulari bilan bogʻliq holda kechadi. Mana shu talqinda insoniy burch va sadoqat ufurib turishi ayni haqiqatdir. Badiiy xronotop har uchala asarda – kecha-bugun-ertaga tarzida real mohiyat kasb etishi, biografik janr imkoniyatlarining tobora kengayib, ranginlashib borayotganini namoyon etadi.
ISSUES IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF QUESTION SENTENCE TYPES IN LINGUISTICS
Authors: Ochilova Habiba
Published: February 2025

This article is dedicated to the issue of classifying interrogative sentences in linguistics, deeply examining the various types of interrogative sentences and their classification. The article analyzes the linguistic aspects of interrogative sentences, their content, structure, and functional characteristics. The classification of interrogative sentences is carried out based on various approaches, including content-based classifications such as direct and indirect questions, open and closed questions, evaluative, modal, alternative questions, and many other criteria. The article also considers complex classifications of interrogative sentences, such as the purpose of questioning, the scientific knowledge reflected in the answers, and the questioner's familiarity with the topic. The research, scientifically justified by Western, Russian, and Uzbek linguists, is also discussed.
SEMANTIKANING TARJIMADAGI AHAMIYATI
Authors: Mirvaliyeva Malika
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolada tarjima jarayonida semantikaning ahamiyati va tarjimonning semantik kompetensiyasi tahlil qilinadi. Ingliz va oʻzbek olimlari, jumladan Eugene Nida, Peter Newmark, Naim Karimov hamda Shoira Shomansurova tadqiqotlari asosida semantik maʼnolar, madaniy kontekst va lugʻaviy birliklarning tarjimada toʻgʻri talqini muhokama qilinadi. Tadqiqotda koʻp maʼnolilik, sinonimiya, antonimiya va madaniy semantika muammolarini bartaraf etish uchun semantik yondashuv zarurligi asoslanadi. Maqola tarjimonlarga sifatli tarjima uchun semantik tahlilning nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatini koʻrsatadi.
GLOBAL KESIMDA INGLIZ MADANIYATINING LINGVOKULTUROGIK JIHATLARI
Authors: Normamatov Farrux , Toshpo‘latova Xusniya
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolada chet tillarini xususan, ingliz tilini oʻrganishning ahamiyati haqida atroflicha so‘z yuritilgan boʻlib, bu jarayonda til bilan birgalikda ushbu xalqning madaniyatini ham oʻrganish, boshqa millat madaniyatiga hurmat bilan munosabatda boʻlish zarurligi taʼkidlanadi. Lingvokulturologiya madaniyat va tilning oʻzaro aloqasi va oʻzaro taʼsirini va bu jarayonni lisoniy va nolisoniy (madaniy) birliklarning bir butun strukturasi sifatida aks ettiradigan kompleks fan ekanligini hisobga olgan holda, ushbu fan doirasida ingliz madaniyatini oʻrganish, uning koʻp qirraliligi kabi tushunchalarga taʼrif berilgan. Bir nechta misollar asosida ingliz madaniyatining lingvokulturologik xususiyatlari yoritilgan.
IJTIMOIY TARMOQLARDA NEOLOGIZMLARNING BUGUNGI KUNDAGI QOʻLLANILISHI
Authors: Jo‘rayeva Lola
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolada turli morfologik jarayonlar natijasida yaratilgan neologizmlarning internet asosidagi muloqotda keng qoʻllanilishi haqida gap boradi.  Shu maqsadda toʻrtta eng mashhur ijtimoiy tarmoqdan misollar yigʻilib, tahlil qilingan va solishtirilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni koʻrsatdiki, ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda neologizmlarning qoʻllanilishi nihoyatda yuqori foizni tashkil etadi.
ZAMONAVIY TASHKILOTLARDA KIBERXAVFSIZLIK STRATEGIYALARINING SHAKLLANISHI VA SAMARADORLIGI: MAʼLUMOTLARNI HIMOYA QILISH CHORALARINING RIVOJLANISHI VA NATIJADORLIGI TAHLILI
Authors: Mirzaraximov Baxtiyor , Shokirov Bobur
Published: February 2025

Bugungi kunda kiber tahdidlar yanada murakkablashib borayotganligi sababli, zamonaviy tashkilotlarda kiberxavfsizlik strategiyalarining rivojlanishi va samaradorligini oʻrganish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ushbu tadqiqot anʼanaviy usullardan zamonaviy, texnologiyaga asoslangan yondashuvlarga oʻtish jarayonini tahlil qiladi. Raqamli texnologiyalarning rivojlanishi kiberxavfsizlik choralarini mustahkamlashni talab etmoqda. Tadqiqotda kiberxavfsizlik strategiyalarining tarixiy taraqqiyoti, zamonaviy tendensiyalar va kelajakdagi yoʻnalishlari oʻrganiladi. Shuningdek, sunʼiy intellekt (AI) va mashinaviy oʻrganish (ML) texnologiyalarining roli, xalqaro siyosatlarning taʼsiri hamda inson omilining ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi.
PROCEDURAL FEATURES OF PARTICIPATION DEFENSE COUNSEL AT THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Authors: Zokirov Sardorjon
Published: February 2025

This article considers the problem of increasing the scope of procedural powers of the defense counsel in pre-trial proceedings, which is closely related to his role in the process of forming the evidence base. In our opinion, granting the defense counsel the right to directly participate in the collection of evidence at the pre-trial stage would significantly increase the effectiveness of legal assistance provided to the participants of criminal proceedings, would contribute to the achievement of objective truth in the case and would maximally guarantee the observance of fundamental rights and legitimate interests of the individual.
BOLANI OLIB BERISH VA UCHRASHTIRISH BILAN BOG‘LIQ ISHLARNI KO‘RIB CHIQISH BO‘YICHA SUD VA HUQUQIY AMALIYOTNING DOLZARB MUAMMO VA YECHIMLARI
Authors: Axmedova Guliruxsor
Published: February 2025

Ushbu maqolada bolani olib berish va uchrashuv huquqlari bilan bogʻliq sud va huquqiy amaliyotning dolzarb muammolari tahlil qilinadi. Sud qarorlarida uchrayotgan nomuvofiqliklar, qonunchilikdagi boʻshliqlar hamda ushbu masalalarning huquqiy tartibga solinishidagi kamchiliklar oʻrganiladi. Bolaning manfaatlarini ustuvor qoʻygan holda, ota-onalarning huquqlari va majburiyatlari muvozanatini taʼminlash muhimligi taʼkidlanadi. Maqolada shuningdek, sud amaliyotini takomillashtirish, qonunchilikni aniqroq va toʻliq shakllantirish boʻyicha tavsiyalar beriladi. Bu yondashuv bolalar manfaatlarini himoya qilish va sud qarorlarining izchilligini taʼminlashga xizmat qiladi.
Monetary Policy Rate and Market Interest Rates in Nigeria
Authors: Ishaku Rimamtanung Nyiputen , Yakubu Magaji Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

The impact of Nigeria's market interest rates on the monetary policy rate (MPR) is investigated in this study. In order to maintain parsimony, we create two indexes to represent deposit and lending rates, respectively: the short-term interest rate (SINT) and the lending interest rate (LINT). The models used are threshold regression and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL). Monthly data from 2002:M1 to 2019:M12 are used in the study. According to the threshold regression model's results, MPR has a more substantial and larger impact on SINT and LINT over the projected thresholds of 11 and 13 percent, respectively, than it would if it were below the threshold. Additionally, results from the nonlinear ARDL model demonstrate that a drop in MPR has a negative impact on lending and short-term interest rates, whereas an increase in MPR has a favorable effect. The extent of the negative effect is negligible for LINT and statistically insignificant for SINT. This illustrates how prices are sticky downward, supporting the claim that MPR is only ineffective when modified downward. To increase the effectiveness of monetary policy, we advise the monetary authority to concentrate on banking sector reforms that eliminate downward rigidities in the impact of MPR on interest rates.
Gen Z Awareness of Green Marketing Among Graduate Students
Authors: Armeidi Try , Gunarto Muji , Helmi Sulaiman
Published: February 2025

Generation Z's awareness of the green concept Marketing is an important factor in encouraging sustainability and changes in consumption patterns that are more environmentally friendly. This study aims to analyze the extent to which postgraduate students are aware of green marketing and how factors such as information, social media, and personal preferences influence their decisions in choosing sustainable products. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study involved in-depth interviews with postgraduate students who have understanding and experience related to green marketing. The results of the study indicate that although Generation Z has a high awareness of environmental issues, their purchasing decisions are still influenced by price and product availability. In addition, digital marketing and social media play an important role in increasing consumer awareness and engagement with environmentally friendly products. The implications of this study provide insights for companies to further optimize green marketing strategies by adjusting prices, consumer education, and information transparency to increase customer loyalty.
Exchange Rate Management in Nigeria: Historical Trends and Policy Insights
Authors: Mercy Femi-Olagundoye, , Adetona Adedokun, Sikiru
Published: February 2025

The exchange rate is critical in any economy, especially where imports exceed exports. A depreciated local currency boosts export trade by making it cheaper in the international market and increasing foreign exchange inflow. However, it also makes imports expensive and depletes available foreign exchange. The study reviewed the exchange rate in Nigeria on a decade basis for a holistic overview of the rate over six decades. Nigeria’s import trade is massive compared to the export trade. As a result, the demand for foreign currency is constantly rising, and due to insufficient supply, the exchange rate continually depreciates. Different exchange rate systems have been adopted to manage the rate, but none has yielded a desirable sustainable result. The pre-colonial and pre-structural adjustment programme (SAP) eras saw no significant concerns about the exchange rate, with the Naira being stronger than the US dollar, and the rate was fixed throughout. Since the introduction of SAP, different exchange rate systems like the Second-tier Foreign Exchange Market, Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market, Retail Dutch Auction System and Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market have been used, yet the Naira has depreciated several times. There is a need to control the demand for foreign exchange, supervise parallel market activities, support export initiatives and monitor the repatriation of export proceeds.
An Overview of Human Rights Protection and Promotion in Cameroon by Key Institutions
Authors: Njume Ndille Ndille , Nyugha Pefela Gildas
Published: February 2025

The Second World War was not only characterised by human sufferings but equally exposed mankind’s cruelty, prompting the international community to make a commitment to uphold dignity and justice for humans. This shifted the paradigm of the notion of human rights from being regarded as a domain of national sovereignty, to an issue warranting global action. As a result, states were, through legal instruments, obliged to protect these rights in their respective frameworks. Cameroon, being a member of the international community, was not left out, she has, through legal frameworks and institutions, ensured the protection of human rights. This paper examines some key institutions tasked with protecting and promoting human rights in Cameroon, by highlighting their competences, limitations and proposes recommendations to optimise the human rights landscape in the country.
Adult Literacy and Capital Inflows in Nigeria: Investigating Institutional Quality Interaction Effect
Authors: Okpala Chidiogo J. , Nwokoye Ebele S. , Okeke Queen C.
Published: February 2025

Nigeria has not been able to move to high human development category with its HDI between 2020 and 2023 still remaining at 0.539. This has put Nigeria in the low human development index category as the 158 out of 189 countries ranked for 2020 and the 163 out of 193 countries ranked for 2023. The study examined adult literacy and capital inflows: investigating institutional quality interaction effect with specific objectives that examined the impact of capital inflows on adult literacy in Nigeria and analysed the impact of the interaction of institutional quality and capital inflows on adult literacy in Nigeria using data set that covered the period 1990 – 2023. To achieve this auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) method was employed. The study found that the selected capital flows have significant impact on adult literacy rate in Nigeria during the period under study and that an interaction effect exists between institutional quality and external debts, remittances, and not with foreign aids on adult literacy (human development) in Nigeria. It therefore concludes that though institutional frameworks are present and complements the effect of capital inflows in human development in Nigeria, institutional frameworks has not been effective enough in averting the possible negative influence of capital inflows on human development in Nigeria, focusing specifically on adult literacy. The study recommends strategic and intentional investment of capital inflows in order to improve adult literacy rate (human development) by the government among others.
Impact of Off-Grid Solar Home Systems on Energy Spending in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Anagbakwu Obinna John
Published: February 2025

Energy insecurity in the developing nation of Nigeria has driven communities and households in both rural and urban settings to adopt solar home systems as a source of household energy. A report published by Fraym® is used by the Rural Electrification Agency (REA) for Nigeria Electrification Project (NEP) to develop its Energy Transition Plan for 100% Electrification. It focuses on 10 Nigerian states, and points to customer profiles for top off-grid communities from these states. This report reveals the top twenty communities with the highest propensity to adopt SHS. The concentration of the top fifty solar home system communities is particularly significant among these communities, covering approximately 570,000 households in Oyo State. This unique positioning makes Oyo State an ideal focal point for conducting an empirical analysis. Conducting a cross-sectional empirical analysis in Omiyale, Madeko, Saki, and Ibadan, the study employs a stratified random sampling approach, selecting 40 SHS and 40 non-SHS households. The findings underscore the overall efficacy of Off-Grid Solar Systems in addressing energy poverty. SHS owners exhibit a substantial improvement in lighting usage, marked by a notable shift towards cleaner and sustainable energy sources. Notably, SHS ownership correlates with a positive economic impact, as monthly expenditures for energy among SHS households decrease by an average of 1287.308 Naira per month. This economic saving stems from reduced reliance on conventional energy sources like candles, kerosene, and batteries.
 
Received: 3 September 2024 | Revised: 22 November 2024 | Accepted: 20 January 2025
 
Conflicts of Interest 
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement 
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Obinna John Anagbakwu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization.
Effect of Cold Shock on Larval Viability and Tetraploid Percentage of Asian Redtail Catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840)
Authors: Hartono Dwi Puji , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Buwono Ibnu Dwi , Ihsan Yudi Nurul
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cold shock time and temperature on larval viability and the formation of tetraploid Asian redtail catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840). A completely randomized factorial design was used with 2 factors, shock time after fertilization (AF) which consisted of 5 levels (26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th min AF) and shock temperature with 3 levels (6, 8, and 10 °C). Furthermore, each group carried out in 3 replicates, and the observed parameters including the percentage of tetraploid fish, fertilization rate, hatching, larval survival, and percentage of abnormal larvae recorded. The identification of tetraploid individuals was based on the analysis of the total nucleoli, erythrocyte size, and DNA content by flow cytometry. The results showed that cold temperature shock had an effect on hatching rate, survival rate, and the number of abnormal larvae (p < 0.05) but had no effect on egg fertilization rate (p > 0.05). The highest hatching rate was obtained in temperature shock treatment at 10 °C (60.06 ± 0.85 %), while the highest survival was obtained in temperature shock treatment at 10 °C (68.33 ± 1.38 %). Moreover, the shock time AF and temperature shock treatments influenced the formation of tetraploid the Asian redtail catfish (p < 0.05).  Shock treatment at 28 min AF with a shock temperature of 6 °C for 3 min produced the highest tetraploid percentage (78.33 ± 1.67 %, p < 0.05). Tetraploid the Asian redtail catfish had a maximum number of 4 nucleoli per cell, while diploid catfish had a maximum of 2. The erythrocyte and nucleus volumes were 98.26 and 99.51 %, respectively, which were larger than those of the diploid the Asian redtail catfish. Furthermore, the DNA content in the tetraploid individuals was twice that in the diploid individuals. Thus, cold temperature shock at 6 °C for 3 min to the 28-minute-old embryos to produce a tetraploid the Asian redtail catfish is recommended.
HIGHLIGHTS

This article focuses on the application of cold shock to the formation of tetraploid Asian Redtail Catfish
Cold shock in embryos can produce tetraploid Asian Redtail Catfish
Tetraploid in Asian Redtail Catfish is an intermediate process to produce triploid Asian Redtail Catfish
The success of tetraploid induction of Asian Redtail Catfish is affected by shock time and shock temperature

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Pola Pernapasan Dan Faktor Lingkungan Dalam Pengendalian Gejala Asma Bronkial Pada Anak-Anak
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi , Suwaryo Putra Agina Widyaswara , Iswati Ning , Waladani Barkah , Mastuti Siti , Susilowati Yuli
Published: February 2025

Asma bronkial pada anak-anak merupakan masalah kesehatan yang meningkat secara global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara paparan debu, bulu hewan, frekuensi pernapasan, dan polutan udara dengan kejadian asma berulang pada anak-anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang melibatkan survei longitudinal pada anak-anak dengan asma bronkial. Metode pengumpulan data melibatkan pemantauan pola pernapasan, seperti frekuensi napas, analisis lingkungan di rumah dan lingkungan sekolah. Pengumpulan data juga akan melibatkan wawancara dengan anak-anak dan orang tua mereka untuk mendapatkan wawasan yang lebih mendalam tentang pola pernapasan dan faktor lingkungan sehari-hari. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu anak sekolah dasar usia 6-12 tahun yang mengalami asma berjumlah 38 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan debu (p=0,007) dan bulu hewan (p=0,002) meningkatkan risiko asma berulang pada anak-anak, dengan anak-anak yang memiliki pola pernapasan (p=0,000) yang tidak teratur memiliki kemungkinan lebih besar untuk mengalami serangan. Paparan polutan udara juga meningkatkan risiko dan keparahan asma pada anak-anak (p=0,008). Paparan debu, bulu hewan, frekuensi pernapasan yang tidak teratur, dan polutan udara memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian asma berulang pada anak-anak. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, diperlukan upaya pencegahan yang melibatkan pengelolaan debu dan alergen di rumah, pendidikan tentang pola pernapasan yang sehat, dan advokasi untuk kebijakan lingkungan yang mendukung kualitas udara bersih. Integrasi pendekatan ini dapat merancang strategi yang holistik untuk meningkatkan kesehatan pernapasan anak-anak dan mengurangi dampak asma bronkial.
Penguatan Kesadaran Kesehatan Pasien melalui Strategi Promosi Kesehatan Rumah Sakit sesuai Permenkes No. 44/2018
Authors: Meithia Artha , Adyas Atikah , Nugroho Yudhinanto Cahyo , Noviansyah N
Published: February 2025

This study aims to provide insight into the relationship between the health promotion strategies implemented by Azizah Hospital and the increase in public health awareness, particularly among inpatients. The research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. This approach analyzes the relationship between health promotion strategies in the areas of advocacy, partnership, community empowerment, and conducive environment on the increase in health awareness among inpatients at Azizah Hospital. Additionally, the study involves the use of literature from books, journals, and articles focusing on the quality of services in inpatient wards. The results from 270 inpatient respondents at Azizah Hospital show that the average age of patients is 35 years, with 62.6% being female. This indicates that most inpatients are adults to elderly individuals. The multivariate test using multiple linear regression shows that the beta coefficient for the health promotion strategy in the partnership domain is 0.176, in the community empowerment domain is 0.328, and in the conducive environment domain is 0.346. In conclusion, the variable that has the most significant impact on increasing health awareness among inpatients is the conducive environment variable.
Penggunaan Antibiotik Golongan Sefalosporin Pada Terapi Demam Tifoid Pediatri Rawat Inap
Authors: Zalfa Saniyyah , Muthoharoh Ainun , Rahmatullah St. , Ningrum Wulan Agustin
Published: February 2025

Typhoid fever is caused by an infection with the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Typhoid fever remains a public health issue around the world, particularly in developing countries with inadequate sanitation and high population density. The achievement of the desired treatment regimen is indicated by treatment efficacy. Irrational drug use can make treatment ineffective. The antibiotics used are third generation cephalosporins. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and effectiveness of thirdgeneration cephalosporin antibiotics in pediatric typhoid fever patients based on the type of antibiotic used, length of treatment, and fever-free time. This study is designed as prospective cross-sectional research with total sampling, where interviews are conducted with patients and medical record data is reviewed. Data analysis was conducted using both univariate and bivariate methods, employing the Independent T-test and MannWhitney statistical tests with SPSS version 16. Typhoid fever patients were male (67.6%) and female (32.4%). The majority of patients (67.6%) were aged 5 to 13 years. A habit of random snacking poses the highest risk, accounting for 91.1%. Mann-Whitney test showed a significant result for length of treatment days (p-value < 0.001). Similarly, independent t-test for Fever-free time showed p-value = 0.01 (< 0.05). In conclusion, ceftriaxon antibiotics are more effective than cefixime with a significant difference