bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of the production of medicines and pharmaceutical activities
Authors: Soloviev K. S.
Published: May 2019

On the basis of the concepts used in the legislation on the circulation of medicines (including the relevant provisions on licensing) the paper distinguishes between two licensed activities: drug production and pharmaceutical activities. The concepts of “manufacturing” and “production”, “vacation” and “sale” are related within the framework of the norms of the Federal Law dated April 12, 2010 No. 61-FZ “On Circulation of Medicines”, taking into account the need to separate economic activities according to the Russian Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (OKVED 2) OK 029-2014. There are examples from judicial practice that consider cases when obtaining a license for pharmaceutical activity is not required (taking into account the objectives of the activity, as well as the list of entities established in the law that need to obtain a license for pharmaceutical activity). The problem of a significantly wider use of the concept of “pharmaceutical activity” in various special and scientific literature as compared with the definition set by the legislator is touched upon.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Techniques for Treating Verbal Impairments in Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder - A Review
Authors: Ahmad Afreen , Huda Sanna , Kherani Imaan , Khoja Zeba , Nanji Jasmine
Published: May 2019

This paper aims to provide an overview of current research in cognitive behavioural interventions which address verbal impairment in children with autism. The studies are evaluated based on methodological quality and the validity of the data collected. Studies examining behavioural interventions for children with autism were selected from a number of databases, namely Ovid, PsychINFO, and Embase. Multiple filtration rounds were conducted to ensure that papers met the inclusion criteria, followed the DSM IV autism definition, and met the methodological quality standards. A CONSORT style observational longitudinal checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Criteria pertaining to study designs were more commonly addressed than those focusing on internal validity. Analysis of literature subsequent to the year 2000 demonstrated an emergence of behavioural therapies focused on remediating verbal impairment in children diagnosed with autism. Common limitations amongst all reviewed papers were discussed in terms of impact on validity and reliability. Finally, the discussion consolidated the future directives noted in all papers to discuss trajectories for further research. The chosen literature often neglected to include essential quantitative information that affected their validity. Inclusion of control groups and appropriate sample sizes should be investigated, and future directions of this research should include the use of a diverse sample that is representative of different ethnic backgrounds and socioeconomic statuses.
Space forming a community, community forming a space
Authors: Vukoszávlyev Zorán
Published: May 2019

The identity is expressed in a self-picture, which has visible and immaterial marks. The church architecture is the essential appearance form of this, because it represents not the individual but the community. It gives an account of the self-identity conscience of the church through the community. In this way, architecture gets a great task: physically visualising this immaterial identity. This picture is formed with respect to the technical and aesthetic knowledge.Does the basically recognizable protestant form exist? Are there ground-plans or spatial form elements, which are the obligate characteristics of these churches? Reflected well on the theological questions, we seek to detect what can determine the identity of the protestant churches in an aesthetic sense by a research highlighting the most important decesions on theological background and churches built in a term of a century.
El Movimiento de Renovación del Arte Religioso portugués (1952/67)
Authors: Miranda Bernardo Pizarro
Published: May 2019

En el acierto con que los miembros del Movimiento de Renovación del Arte Religiosa (MRAR, 1952/67), de forma comprometida, procuraron en comunidad construir una alternativa a la arquitectura vigente, sostenida en la búsqueda del principio también cristiano de la honestidad artística, intentamos en esta comunicación encontrar afinidades electivas con el pensamiento de los teólogos Paul Tillich (1886-1965) y Louis Bouyer (1913-2004). Asociamos estas afinidades a un entendimiento común del sentido del oficio de la arquitectura, de la defensa de una religión adulta fundada en la reactualización permanente de las fuentes cristianas, que nunca dejaron de brotar, y en la búsqueda de un sentido de la vida, arraigado en el sentido comunitario de la vocación cristiana.
La predicación en la tradición calvinista
Authors: Bezerra Carvalho Marcone
Published: May 2019

Cuando se estudia la Reforma Protestante, se nota el surgimiento de cuatro tradiciones que aún se manifiestan en el mundo occidental: luterana, calvinista, anglicana y anabaptista. La comunicación que planteamos toma en cuenta un importante elemento de la tradición calvinista (también identificada como reformada o presbiteriana): la predicación. Este ejercicio se llevará a cabo examinando el presbiterio o mobiliario en los templos de las más antiguas iglesias presbiterianas en la ciudad de Santiago, enfocándose especialmente en el de la calle Santo Domingo, que alberga la congregación de la Primera Iglesia Presbiteriana de Santiago de Chile. Era un templo anglicano que fue comprado por los reformados de la capital. Los demás templos siempre pertenecieron a las iglesias presbiterianas. Por medio de estos locales de culto, se pretende señalar tanto matices de la teología practicada por los presbiterianos chilenos como posibles influencias de otras tradiciones en lo que corresponde a su liturgia.
Clinicoepidemiological study of post burn contractures at a tertiary care centre in western India
Authors: Mehta Milind A. , Ranjan Vikrant , Kulkarni Abhishek K. , Sarwade Pradnya
Published: May 2019

Background: Burn injuries are one of the commonest form of trauma globally with long term consequences in the form of contractures. The management takes a troll of time, money and stress, despite that the agony remains with the patient only. We intended to study the clinicoepidemiopathological aspects of post burn contractures for a better understanding and management purpose.Methods: This study was conducted from October 2014 to February 2017 in a tertiary care hospital in western India and includes 51 patients.Results: In this study, we observed that the mean age of patients was 21.7 years and females formed 51% of the patient pool. Most of the patients came from a rural background with a mean distance of 77.72 kilometres from the treating hospital. Flame burns contributed to 78% of the cases, with hand (35.7%) being the most commonly involved area, 52.9% patients did not receive splinting or physiotherapy at the initial treatment of burns. Most cases were treated by split skin grafting (64.2%) and the most common complication seen in our study was infection, noted in 15.7% of cases whereas recurrence was seen in only one patient.Conclusions: We observed that young adults were the predominant group of patients with a slight female preponderance. Factors like increased distance from the treating hospital, rural background of patients, poor healthcare facilities with poor rehabilitative facilities and irregular follow up of patients contributed to increased incidence of post burn contractures. We also noted that majority cases can be treated by contracture release with split skin grafting without major complications.
Evaluation of pre-operative sino-nasal outcome test- 22 scores as a predictor of outcome in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Krishnaswami Balasubramanian , Velayutham Prabu , Pruthivirajan Naveenkumar , Murugesan Sathiyam , Murugesan Ramkumar
Published: May 2019

Background: Numerous factors are to be considered when offering FESS as a treatment for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who have failed conservative medical treatment. The objective is to evaluate the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) and other patient demographic characteristics as predictors of postsurgical improvement in patients with CRS.

Methods: Consecutive adult subjects presenting to the Otolaryngology clinics in a tertiary hospital, with refractory CRS that required surgery were included. Subjects were excluded if they did not complete both pre and post-operative SNOT-22 Questionnaire. Demographic and baseline measures, including allergic rhinitis, asthma and addiction status, Lund Kennedy endoscopic scores and Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) scoring were also obtained for each subject. Regression analyses were performed.  

Results: Fifty-one subjects met criteria and were included. These subjects showed a 55.4% overall improvement in postsurgical SNOT-22 evaluations. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that SNOT-22 items related to “runny nose,” “waking up at night”, “need to blow nose”, and “sneezing” were independent predictors of postsurgical SNOT-22 improvement (p<0.05, for all).

Conclusions: ENT surgeons can utilize the SNOT-22 tool to predict the possibility of symptom improvement post FESS in patients with CRS.
Relationship between Religious Orientation, Anxiety, and Depression among College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: FOROUHARI Sedighe , HOSSEINI TESHNIZI Saeed , EHRAMPOUSH Mohammad Hasan , MAZLOOMY MAHMOODABAD Seyed Saeed , FALLAHZADEH Hossein , TABEI Seyed Ziaeddin , NAMI Mohammad , MIRZAEI Masoud , NAMAVAR JAHROMI Bahia , TESHNIZI Seyyed Mehrdad HOSSEINI , DEHKORDI Jalil GHANI , KAZEMITABAEE Maryamsadat
Published: May 2019

Background: Religious obligation helps people to develop mental health by creating internal commitment to special rules. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationship between religious orientation and anxiety among college students.
Methods: Major scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, ProQuest and PsycINFO were searched for original research articles published 1987-2016.   A random effect model was used to combine Correlation coefficient. All analyses were performed using Stata MP.
Results: After screening of 7235 documents, 13 articles including 5620 participants met inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis. Correlation coefficient was -0.08 (95% CI= -0.19, -0.03) which indicated with increasing religious orientation, anxiety and depression reduced (P<0.001). Characteristics such as sex, geographic region, and type of religions were potential sources of heterogeneity. Based on fill-and-trim method the adjusted pooled r was obtained, -0.06 (95% CI= -0.16, -0.04).
Conclusion: There was a weakness relationship between religious orientation and mental anxiety and depression. Therefore, it needs to improve knowledge of student about advantages of religious orientation.
Factors Driving the American Aesthetic Tourism to South of the Border
Authors: CUAMEA Onesimo , RAMOS Karen
Published: May 2019

Background: The problem consists in the lack of knowledge of the factors that tourists choose the clinics of a foreign city for their aesthetics treatments, especially at a frontier where a developed and developing country coexist and interact.
Methods: The information was obtained on 2016, by applying an exit pool survey to a selected sample of 385 visitors- patients from clinics in the Tijuana, Mexico. Sixteen items were included in the exploratory factor analysis.
Results: Four key factors influenced the decision: Quality & Prestige of Clinic and Surgeon, Integration with Tourism Sector, Destination Image and Border Interaction. All the elements had a load factor greater than 0.56 which proved the actual fit in the factor analysis and none of the included variables is trivial.
Conclusion: Allow maintaining or increasing the attractiveness of a border city for aesthetic tourism, the administrators of the clinics establish cooperation agreements with entrepreneurs of the tourism sector to benefit their patients.
Noninfectious Causes of Fever in 128 Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: GUO Feng , CHEN Jianmei , XIE Yu , ZHOU Xueping
Published: May 2019

Background: This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of noninfectious fever in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the underlying causes through multivariate analysis.
Methods: Clinical data of 128 patients with SLE who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: The following factors were closely associated with fever: patient age, treatment history, SLEDAI score, enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes, low hemoglobin, leukopenia, CRP, complement C3, albumin, anti-dsDNA antibody, glucocorticoids, and cyclophosphamide. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors, such as enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes, digestive system involvement, low hemoglobin, leukopenia, CRP, decreased albumin, anti-dsDNA antibody, glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide, were closely associated with noninfectious fever in SLE.
Conclusion: Noninfectious fever is a common clinical manifestation of SLE. Factors, such as enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes, digestive system involvement, low hemoglobin, leukopenia, CRP, decreased albumin, anti-dsDNA antibody, glucocorticoids, and cyclophosphamide, were independent risk factors for noninfectious fever in SLE.
Identification of Key Metabolites for Acute Lung Injury in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: WANG Pei-Quan , LI Jing , ZHANG Li-Li , LV Hong-Chun , ZHANG Su-Hua
Published: May 2019

Background: The study aimed to detect critical metabolites in acute lung injury (ALI).
Methods: A comparative analysis of microarray profile of patients with sepsis-induced ALI compared with sepsis patients with was conducted using bioinformatic tools through constructing multi-omics network. Multi-omics composite networks (gene network, metabolite network, phenotype network, gene-metabolite association network, phenotype-gene association network, and phenotype-metabolite association network) were constructed, following by integration of these composite networks to establish a heterogeneous network. Next, seed genes, and ALI phenotype were mapped into the heterogeneous network to further obtain a weighted composite network. Random walk with restart (RWR) was used for the weighted composite network to extract and prioritize the metabolites. On the basis of the distance proximity among metabolites, the top 50 metabolites with the highest proximity were identified, and the top 100 co-expressed genes interacted with the top 50 metabolites were also screened out.
Results: Totally, there were 9363 nodes and 10,226,148 edges in the integrated composite network. There were 4 metabolites with the scores > 0.009, including CHITIN, Tretinoin, sodium ion, and Celebrex. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate, triphosadenine, and tretinoin had higher degrees in the composite network and the co-expressed network.
Conclusion: Adenosine 5'-diphosphate, triphosadenine, and tretinoin may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of ALI
Candiduria in Hospitalized Patients and Identification of Isolat-ed Candida Species by Morphological and Molecular Methods in Ilam, Iran
Authors: FAZELI Afagh , KORDBACHEH Parivash , NAZARI Ali , DAIE GHAZVINI Roshanak , MIRHENDI Hossein , SAFARA Mahin , BAKHSHI Heidar , YAGHOUBI Razieh
Published: May 2019

Background: Candiduria in hospitalized patients may represent contamination, colonization, or urinary tract infections. On the other hand, candidemia and upper urinary tract infection could be the complications of candiduria. The aim of this study was to determine candiduria in hospitalized patients and identify isolated Candida species by conventional and molecular methods.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized patients in Imam Khomeini and Mostafa Khomeini hospitals in Ilam, western Iran from Jan to Dec 2016. Urine samples of hospitalized patients were collected during a period of 4 months for diagnosis of candiduria. Primary identification was done by conventional methods. PCR profile was carried out using phenol-chloroform method and confirmed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique by MspI restriction enzyme.
Results: Candiduria was diagnosed in 18 (9.2%) cases from a total of 195 patients. Isolated yeasts were identified as C. albicans (n: 13), C. glabrata (n: 5), and C. parapsilosis (n: 1) in the one case both C. albicans and C. glabrata were isolated from a urine sample.
Conclusion: Candida urinary tract infection is becoming increasingly common in hospitalized patients but, differentiation fungal colonization from infection and identification of etiologic agents for optimal treatment is necessary.
Estimation and Validation of Dietary Nitrate and Nitrite Intake in Iranian Population
Authors: BAHADORAN Zahra , GHASEMI Asghar , MIRMIRAN Parvin , MEHRABI Yadollah , AZIZI Fereidoun , HADAEGH Farzad
Published: May 2019

Background: The aim of this study was calibration of a nitrate (NO3)/nitrite (NO2) database for estimated its dietary intakes.
Methods: Overall, 250 healthy Tehranian adults were assessed in 2015 for dietary intakes of NO3 and NO2 and its serum and urine concentration. Food composition values for NO3 and NO2 were derived from a recent survey conducted on frequently consumed food items among Iranians. The correlation of dietary intakes of NO3/NO2 and its urinary and serum values was evaluated.
Results: Mean (±SD) intakes of dietary NO3 and NO2 were 505±160 and 7.7±2.2 mg/d, respectively. The correlation coefficient of intake and urinary NO3 was 0.83 (95% CI=0.56-0.91) and 0.57 (95% CI=0.49-0.67) in men and women, respectively. A moderate agreement was also observed between NO2 intake and its urinary levels (r=0.27, 95% CI=0.13-0.37, and 0.29, 95% CI=0.17-0.41, in men and women, respectively).
Conclusion: Using a national database of NO3 and NO2 content of food items along with a valid food frequency questionnaire could provide a valid estimation of dietary intakes of NO3 in the target population.
Effects of Muscle-Strengthening Intervention Exercise on Pain Alleviation and Postural Control in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: CHUN Sungyung , JEON Kyoungkyu
Published: May 2019

The abstract not available.
ROLE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE
Authors: Priono Hero , Yuhertiana Indrawati , Sundari Siti , Puspitasari Devy Sylvia
Published: May 2019

Purpose  of  Study: This study aimed to analyse the influence of the financial management of local government on its performance related to internal control and the competence of the apparatus.

Methodology: The study population includes all local government managers in 38 cities of East Java provinces and out of 1067 units of local government (offices) only  samples of 81 local government offices are used in this study for analysis. Partial Least Squares and t.test were used to test the hypotheses.

Results: It has been found that the competence of personnel directly affect the performance of local governments’ public services, but has no effect indirectly through local financial management, while internal controls affect the performance of local governments’ public services, either directly or indirectly through local financial management.
Racism Experiences of Urban Indigenous Women in Ontario, Canada: “We All Have That Story That Will Break Your Heart”
Authors: Benoit Anita , Cotnam Jasmine , O'Brien-Teengs Doe , Greene Saara , Beaver Kerrigan , Zoccole Art , Loutfy Mona
Published: May 2019

The objective of our mixed-methods research study was to present the discourse on racism experiences of Indigenous women living in two urban Canadian cities. A failure to recognize the impacts of racism on Indigenous women in Canada has emerged from the literature. Sharing circles, interviews, and a questionnaire including validated scales were used to collect data. The findings demonstrated that urban Indigenous women experience a number of racism events that span individual, collective and institutional, and cultural racism. The diversity of racist events was better captured in the questionnaire,  whereas the roots of racism were understood more clearly in the qualitative findings to be an extension of historical colonial events to current day manifestations.
Negative Correlation between Cytoglobin Expression and Intracellular ROS Levels in Human Skin Keloid Fibroblasts
Authors: Siregar Fajri Marindra , Hardiany Novi Silvia , Jusman Sri Widia Azraki
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: In our previous study, we found higher cytoglobin (Cygb) expression in keloid than normal tissue. Cytoglobin is a new globin family protein which function is still being studied to date. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the function of Cygb in human skin keloid fibroblasts (KFs), especially its role in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.METHODS: The study was conducted on human skin KFs obtained from primary culture. Inhibition of Cygb expression was achieved by using siRNA targeting Cygb. We compared the relative expression of Cygb between treatment and control group, and its effect on intracellular ROS levels. Gene expression was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) while the ROS level counted by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) assay.RESULTS: There was an increase in intracellular ROS levels in the small interfering RNA (siRNA) (+) Cygb group compared to control group (1.673 vs. 1.260; 1.773 vs. 1.393; 1.710 vs. 1.360; respectively). There is a negative correlation between Cygb expression and ROS level (p<0.05; r=-0.651).CONCLUSION: There is a negative correlation between Cygb expression and intracellular ROS levels, we suggest Cygb acts as a ROS scavenger in human skin KFs.KEYWORDS: skin keloid fibroblasts, cytoglobin, siRNA, ROS
Artemisia annua Leaf Extract Increases GLUT-4 Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat
Authors: Kartikadewi Arum , Prasetyo Awal , Budipradigdo Lisyani , Nugroho Heri , Tjahjono Kusmiyati , Lelono Arthur
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: The depletion of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) affects blood glucose level in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patient. Herbals supplementation such as Artemisia annua is known to posses an antidiabetic potency, but its effect on long term glucose control marker, glicated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and muscle GLUT-4 expression still has not been investigated.METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were divided into four groups (five rats per group). The C1 group was consist of healthy control rats and C2 group was consist of diabetic control rats. Diabetic condition was induced by giving high lard fat diet for 28 days, followed with 30 mg/kgBW of Streptozotocin injection at the 29th day. Meanwhile, T1 and T2 group were consist of diabetic rats, which were supplemented with 50 mg/kgBW and 100 mg/kgBW of Artemisia annua leaf extract, respectively. GLUT-4 expression and HbA1C level were measured at the 14th day post-treatment.RESULTS: The GLUT-4 was expressed 1.8 and two times higher in T1 and T2 group, respectively, compared to C2 group. Meanwhile, HbA1C level in C2 group was two times higher than C1 group (11.95±2.52 compared to 5.61±2.69, p<0.01). Further, the administration of 100 mg/ kgBW Artemisia annua extract caused a slight reduction of HbA1C (11.95±2.52 compared to 8.18±3.53, p>0.05)CONCLUSION: Muscle cell’s GLUT-4 in T1 and T2 group was expressed increasingly and significantly different compared to the C2 group. HbA1C level in T2 was slightly reduced although no significant different compared to C2 group.KEYWORDS: Artemisia annua, GLUT-4, HbA1C, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gene Families of AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae Present in the Intensive Care Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta
Authors: Moehario Lucky Hartati , Robertus Thomas , Karuniawati Anis , Sedono Rudyanto , Lestari Delly Chipta , Yasmon Andi
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance has become a worldwide problem. Among Asia countries, Indonesia has high prevalence of multi-drug resistant organisms mainly due to Gram-negative bacilli Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed to find out whether gene family of AmpC and AmpC/ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were present in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.METHODS: Specimens were obtained from several body sites of adult patients with infection hospitalised in ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. VITEK®2 was used to identify the microorganisms. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted using VITEK®2 and disc diffusion technique according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Double disc synergy (DDS) test method was employed to detect AmpC activity. Gene families of ampC were identified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: Forty five isolates were identified as putative AmpC, extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC/ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=32) were predominant, followed by Escherichia coli (n=6), Enterobacter cloacae (n=5) and Enterobacter aerogenes (n=2). AmpC activity was detected in 9 isolates, in which 4 isolates were AmpC producing and 5 isolates were AmpC/ESBL. In vitro, AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae showed good susceptibility to many antibiotic tested, while those of AmpC/ESBL-producing only to Amikacin. The gene families of ampC were DHA, EBC and CIT identified from 6 isolates.CONCLUSION: DHA, EBC and CIT gene families were identified from AmpC and AmpC/ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the ICU of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. While the AmpC-producing was still susceptible to almost all antibiotics tested, the AmpC/ESBL-producing showed resistant except for Amikacin.KEYWORDS: Enterobacteriaceae, β-lactamases, AmpC, ESBL
The effect of green banking product and green corporate image on green customer loyality mediated by green customers satisfaction in Syariah banking
Authors: Solekah Nihayatu Aslamatis
Published: May 2019

Banking has a high potential as a role model for other industries in applying the principles of Sustainable Development. Islamic banking is a bank that has a potential bank business model by implementing green banking, as well as provisions of Bank Indonesia as the Central Bank which has included Green Banking as a concept to be implemented in its business practices. This study developed a research framework to explore the relationship between green banking products and green corporate image green customer satisfaction, and green customer loyalty for Syariah Banking. Analysis technique used to analyze the data analysis Path (Path analysis). The results showed that for green banking products and green corporate image effect directly on green customer satisfaction but green banking product has not affect directly to  customers satisfaction, opposite green corporate image that affect directly to green customers loyality
The Current Issues of Indonesian EFL Students’ Writing Skills: Ability, Problem, and Reason in Writing Comparison and Contrast Essay
Authors: Toba Rostanti , Noor Widya Noviana , Sanu La Ode
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate issues of Indonesian EFL students’ writing skills, covering ability, problem and reason why they got problems in writing comparison and contrast essay. The convergent parallel of mixed methods was used to explore these issues by involving 52 EFL students of IAIN Samarinda who enrolled the academic essay writing course. The three research instruments; essay writing test, open-ended questionnaire and interview were used in the data collection. The findings of this study revealed that the Indonesian EFL students’ writing ability was good that categorized with the mean score 77.83. However, some of them encounter problems in writing aspects including content, organization, vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics. Their reasons in experiencing these problems are not only limited knowledge of writing aspects and comparison and contrast essay itself, but also they had own personal reasons; lack of writing practice, writing dislike, writing anxiety, negative writing perception, low writing motivation, insufficient time given in writing test, and also inadequate teaching writing process taught by their lecturers. Indeed, the teaching writing improvement that involved EFL students and lecturers should be well-integrated in order to alleviate the students’ essay writing problems related to their reasons and to improve their writing ability. Factors caused the writing difficulties will be discussed further and some suggestions will be given on this research.
Triaxial Limit and Safety Factor of an Anisotropic Corrosion-Resistant Alloy Tubular
Authors: Sathuvalli Udaya B. , Suryanarayana P. V. , Rahman Shaikh , Chandrasekhar Sharat
Published: May 2019

Tubulars made with corrosion–resistant alloys (CRAs) exhibit a moderate degree of transverse anisotropy. This results in lower yield strength in the plane perpendicular to the rolling axis of the tubular. In addition, cold work during mill finishing introduces yield strength asymmetry along the axis.

The majority of CRA tubulars are low–do/t (≈10–15) production strings. Their design is usually driven by pressure and tension. Given the reduced yield strength in the hoop direction (as compared with axial yield strength), a rigorous method to assess the effect of yield strength anisotropy on the triaxial limits of the pipe is needed. Though there is a substantial body of literature on anisotropy in metals and manufactured composites, anisotropy of tubulars has received minimal attention by tubular designers.

In this context, we use Hill's celebrated criterion (Hill 1950) for the yielding of anisotropic metals to develop an equation for the triaxial limits of a hollow cylinder and show that the currently used isotropic triaxial ellipse is a special case of the general limit. Also, by recognizing that purely elastic load excursions do not alter the yield surface, we extend the aforementioned triaxial limit to tubulars with tension-compression asymmetry along the tube axis. Finally, on the basis of the notion of a strength utilization factor, we propose a method to determine the triaxial safety factor for anisotropic CRA tubulars. This method is consistent with the definition of the triaxial safety factor for isotropic tubulars.
Geochemical Modeling of Wormhole Propagation in Carbonate Acidizing Considering Mineralogy Heterogeneity
Authors: Wei W.. , Varavei A.. , Sanaei A.. , Sepehrnoori K..
Published: May 2019

Matrix acidizing is a widely used stimulation process during which acid is injected into the formation at pressures that are less than the fracturing pressure. The purpose of matrix acidizing is to improve formation permeability or to bypass damaged zones through rock dissolution. Because of precipitation and diagenesis, carbonate rocks might contain different compositions, including calcite (CaCO3), dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2], and other minerals. When acid is injected into the formation, reactions between acid and multiple minerals of carbonate rocks occur simultaneously. In this paper, a two–scale continuum model is implemented in UTCOMP, a 3D compositional reservoir simulator, coupled with IPhreeqc, a generalized code of PHREEQC as a module. PHREEQC is an open–source program that performs a wide variety of geochemical calculations (Charlton and Parkhurst 2011). For the UTCOMP/IPhreeqc coupled model, the two–scale continuum model describes the mechanisms of convection and dispersion, whereas IPhreeqc is used for the calculation of reactions between aqueous phase and minerals. We have validated the simulation model through comparison with the analytical solution. We also compared the UTCOMP/IPhreeqc coupled model with a simple–reaction model, in which the reaction is assumed to be a first–order reaction between acid and calcite, by modifying the IPhreeqc database to obtain consistent results. On this basis, we have investigated the effects of mineral compositions on acidizing efficiency and the wormhole–propagation process. It is found that mineralogy heterogeneity is a key factor that affects acidizing efficiency and the dissolution structure. This work contributes to simulating the acidizing process with complex geochemical reactions considering the chemistry of the aqueous solution interacting with minerals. The presented model improves our understanding of carbonate–acidizing optimization.
Water Pressure Measurement Inside a Hydrocarbon Column
Authors: Rolfsvåg Trond Arne , Lindsay Craig , Zuta John , Vatne Kåre Olav , Lohne Arild , Iversen Jan Erik , Guo Ying , Askarinezhad Reza , Undheim Eirik , Gudmestad Tarald , Bye Arnulf
Published: May 2019

This paper documents that it is possible to measure the pressure of water inside a hydrocarbon reservoir. The pressure difference between oil and water could provide valuable information about the hydrocarbon column height of a new discovery. Detecting changes in the hydrocarbon – water pressure difference could work as an early warning system for water approaching a field in production. Knowledge about the hydrocarbon column height could speed up the appraisal process, or guide infill drilling, saving time and money. The environmental impact will be reduced because fewer wells will have to be drilled.

In most hydrocarbon reservoirs the water phase is likely to be continuous even at a very low water saturation and at a significant hydrocarbon overpressure. This is because of the polar nature of the water molecule and the polarity in the surface of the minerals in the reservoir: Water sticks to the surface of the reservoir grains. Given enough time the pressure gradient through this thin film of water becomes the same as if the water was in bulk. By measuring both the water and the hydrocarbon pressure at a given depth inside a hydrocarbon reservoir it is possible to estimate the vertical distance down to the free-water level. The only additional information needed are the densities of the fluids.

The water has lower pressure and lower mobility than the hydrocarbon phase, therefore specialized equipment will be needed to capture the water pressure. The pressure measuring probe must have a hydrophilic filter to prevent invasion of the hydrocarbon phase.

The pressure measurement of the thin water film should be made in an undisturbed part of the reservoir, i.e. it normally cannot be made at the wall of a well. A hole through the wall of the well and a short distance into the reservoir should be made for the probe to secure a representative water pressure measurement.
Nutritional counseling with or without mobile health technology: a randomized open-label standard-of-care-controlled trial in ALS
Authors: Wills Anne-Marie M , Garry Jamie , Hubbard Jane , Mezoian Taylor , Breen Christopher T , Miller Courtney Ortiz , Nalipinski Paige , Sullivan Stacey , Berry James D , Cudkowicz Merit , Paganoni Sabrina , Chan James , Macklin Eric A
Published: May 2019

Background

Nutritional status is an important prognostic factor in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). We wished to study the safety, tolerability and efficacy of nutritional counseling with or without an mHealth application to maintain or increase body weight in ALS, compared to standard care.

Methods

In this randomized open-label, standard-of-care-controlled, single-center clinical trial, we randomly assigned adults with ALS to one of three nutritional interventions: counseling by their physician or nurse (“standard care”), counseling by a registered dietitian (RD) (“in-person”), or counseling supported by a mHealth app (“mHealth”). Both intervention arms received tailored nutrition recommendations and recorded dietary intake and weight biweekly (mHealth) or monthly (in-person). The primary outcome of weight and secondary and tertiary outcomes of calorie intake, ALSFRS-R, and quality of life (QOL) were recorded at each clinic visit and analyzed in an ITT mixed model analysis.

Results

A total of 88 participants were enrolled of whom 78 were included in this analysis. The three arms were well-balanced except for excess males in the mHealth arm and greater weight lost at baseline in the in-person arm. Participants in the mHealth arm increased their calorie intake at month 3 to an average of 94% (95% CI: 85, 103) of recommended calories, compared to 81% (95% CI: 72, 91, p= 0.06 vs. mHealth) in the standard care arm. After 6 months, calorie intake and change in weight was not different among the three arms. QOL scores in the mHealth arm were stable over three months (0.3 points, 95% CI: -1.7, 2.2) compared to worsening in standard care (-2.1 points, 95% CI: -4.0, -0.2, p = 0.09 vs. mHealth), but all scores declined by six months. ALSFRS-R total scores declined by an average of -2.6 points (95% CI: -5.1, -0.1) over six months in the mHealth arm (p=0.13 vs. standard care) compared to -5.8 points (95% CI: -8.2, -3.4, p=0.74 vs. standard care) in the in-person and -5.2 points (95% CI: -7.6, -2.9) in the standard care arm.

Conclusions

Nutritional counseling is safe but did not increase weight compared to standard care in ALS patients.
The association of dry eye syndrome and psychiatric disorders: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Liang Chiao-Ying , Cheang Wai-Man , Wang Chun-Yuan , Lin Keng-Hung , Wei Li-Chen , Chen Yu-Yen , Shen Ying-Cheng
Published: May 2019

Background
Several previous studies reported a greater prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES) among patients with psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of DES in patients with psychiatric disorders (PD) using nationwide population-based data in Taiwan.
Methods
This population-based cohort study retrospectively identified patients with PD from 1997 to 2011. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of DES in these patients and associated risk factors.
Results
A total of 75,650 patients with PD (3,665 in the DES cohort and 71,985 in the non-DES cohort) were included in the final analysis. The majority of patients in the DES group were women (72.6%). The mean age of patients in the DES cohort was 62.2 ± 14.9, which was significantly older than those in the non-DES group (50.9 ± 17.5). The patients with DES had a significantly greater likelihood of having dementia, bipolar disorder, depression, and neurotic disorders. Conditional regression analyses revealed that patients with dry eye disease were more likely to have schizophrenia (OR = 1.34), bipolar disorder (OR = 1.9), depression (OR = 1.54), and neurotic disorders (OR = 1.62). In addition, patients with DES were more likely to use 1st generation anti-psychotics (OR=1.28) and had a lower risk of using 2nd generation anti-psychotics (OR=0.64)
Conclusion
The study demonstrated that dry eye syndrome is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disease, especially depression, bipolar disorder, and neurotic disorders, after adjusting for the comorbidities.
Structural network topology correlates to cognitive impairment and iPTH level in End-stage renal disease patients with peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Wang Longsheng , Zou Liwei , Wu Hanqiu , Shan Yanqi , Zhao Ru , Liu Guiling , Tao Fangbiao , Zheng Suisheng , Gong Xijun
Published: May 2019

Objective: The burden of cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing peritoneal dialysis has received more attention lately. It is associated with hospitalization, mortality and reduced quality of life. We aimed to assess the topological alterations of the brain white matter structural network in ESRD and the correlation between network metrics with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and clinical data.
Methods: The study included 25 ESRD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT group), 25 patients without SHPT (Non-SHPT group) and 25 healthy controls (HC group) of comparable age and sex. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The WM structural network was constructed by diffusion tensor imaging and a deterministic tractography method, and then we used graph theoretical approaches to investigate alterations in the global and regional properties of the WM networks in these participants.
Results: ESRD patients showed cognitive impairment compared to HC, and the SHPT patients had lower cognitive scores than the Non-SHPT patients. The global topological organization and local efficiency of the WM network was significantly disrupted in the SHPT but not in the Non-SHPT patients compared with the HC group. Moreover, lower regional efficiency was found in the ESRD patients, mainly distributed in the frontal and parietal cortices. In addition, an association was found between iPTH, shortest path length and cognitive impairment, and the iPTH level was negatively correlated with small-worldness by two indexes, the normalized clustering coefficient and the normalized shortest path length.
Conclusion: The present study indicated that the brain structural connectome in ESRD patients with high iPTH levels was disrupted in association with cognitive impairment and it is a potential connectome-based biomarker for early detection.
Topography-guided transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for low refractive error correction in keratoconus treatment: a pilot study
Authors: Sun Ling , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Tian Mi , Zhao Jing , Zhou Xingtao
Published: May 2019

Purpose

To investigate the safety and efficacy of topography-guided transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for low refractive error correction in keratoconus patients.

Methods

This was a prospective self-controlled study. Eighteen patients (18 eyes) were enrolled and assessed at 6 visits (pre-operation, 1 d, 1 m, 3 m, 6 m and 1 y post-operation). The examination at every visit included analysis of un-corrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal topography and corneal endothelial cell counts. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). The P-value was determined using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

No complications occurred in any of the eyes throughout the entire follow-up period. At each visit after the operation, the corneal K values and spherical equivalent (SE) were reduced, while visual acuity values were increased compared with those pre-operation, although these results were not statistically significant. During the follow-up, corneal endothelial cell counts were stable. Regarding the topography, part of the corneal cone was flattened after the operation.

Conclusion

Topography-guided transepithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking is safe and may correct low refractive error in keratoconus treatment. Further studies and improvement are needed.
Pharmacodynamic comparison of different antimicrobial regimens against Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections with elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration
Authors: Costa Thaina Miranda da , Cuba Gabriel Trova , Morgado Priscylla Guimarães Migueres , Nicolau David P. , Nouér Simone Aranha , Santos Kátia Regina Netto dos , Kiffer Carlos Roberto Veiga
Published: May 2019

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections (BSI) worldwide, representing a major challenge for public health due to its resistance profile. Higher vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in S. aureus are associated with treatment failure and defining optimal empiric options for BSIs in settings where these isolates are prevalent is rather challenging. In silico pharmacodynamic models based on stochastic simulations (Monte Carlo) are important tools to estimate best antimicrobial regimens in different scenarios. We aimed to compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of different antimicrobials regimens for the treatment of S. aureus BSI in an environment with high vancomycin MIC.

Methods

Steady-state drug area under the curve ratio to MIC (AUC⁄MIC) or the percent time above MIC (fT>MIC) were modeled using a 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulation to achieve pharmacodynamic exposures against 110 consecutive S. aureus isolates associated with BSI.

Results

Cumulative fractions of response (CFRs) against all S. aureus isolates were 98% for ceftaroline; 79% and 92% for daptomycin 6 mg/kg q24h and for the high dose of 10 mg/kg q24h, respectively; 77% for linezolid 600 mg every 12h when MIC was read according to CLSI M100-S26 instructions, and 64% when MIC was considered at the total growth inhibition; 65% and 86% for teicoplanin, three loading doses of 400 mg every 12h followed by 400 mg every 24h and for teicoplanin 400 mg every 12h, respectively; 61% and 76% for vancomycin 1000 mg every 12h and every 8h, respectively.

Conclusions

Based on this model, ceftaroline and high-dose daptomycin regimens delivered best pharmacodynamic exposures against S. aureus BSIs. Teicoplanin higher dose regimen achieves the best CFR (86%) among glycopeptides, although optimal threshold was not achieved, and vancomycin performance is critically affected by S. aureus vancomycin MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. Linezolid effectiveness (CFR of 73%) is also affected by high prevalence of isolates with higher MICs. These data show the need to continually evaluate the pharmacodynamic profiles of antimicrobials for empiric treatment of these infections.
Evaluation of peripheral perfusion index and heart rate variability as early predictors for intradialytic hypotension in critically ill patients.
Authors: Shaban Mohamed , Hasanin Ahmed , El-adawy Akram , Mostafa Hanan , Fathy Shymaa , Abdelreheem Hossam M , Lotfy Ahmed , Abougabal Ayman , Mohamed Hassan , Mukhtar Ahmed
Published: May 2019

Background
Intradialytic hypotension is a serious complication during renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Early prediction of intradialytic hypotension would allow adequate prophylactic measures. In this study we evaluated the ability of peripheral perfusion index (PPI) and heart rate variability (HRV) to predict intradialytic hypotension.
Methods
A prospective observational study included 36 critically ill patients with acute kidney injury during their first session of intermittent hemodialysis. In addition to basic vital signs, PPI was measured using Radical-7 (Masimo) device. Electrical cardiometry (ICON) device was used for measuring cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and HRV. The ability of all variables to predict intradialytic hypotension was assessed through area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve calculation.
Results
Twenty-three patients (64%) had intradialytic hypotension. Patients with pulmonary oedema showed higher risk for development of intradialytic hypotension {Odds ratio (95% CI): 13.75(1.4-136)}. Each of baseline HRV, and baseline PPI showed good predictive properties for intradialytic hypotension {AUROC (95% CI): 0.761(0.59-0.88)}, and 0.721(0.547-0.857)} respectively.
Conclusions
Each of low PPI, low HRV, and the presence of pulmonary oedema are good predictors of intradialytic hypotension.