bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSION INCORPORATED FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF TENOXICAM USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT
Authors: Mohammadi Hafsa , Hemanath Kumar V
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present work is to develop fast dissolving tablets from the solid dispersion of Tenoxicam for enhancement of solubility. The solid dispersions of Tenoxicam were prepared with Kollidon CL, PVP K30 and Poloxamer 127, in 1:1:1, 1:2:1 and 1:3:1 by using solvent evaporation method. The prepared solid dispersions were analyzed for all the physical parameters, drug: carrier interactions like FTIR, SEM, XRD. Solid dispersions showed a better dissolution compared to the pure drugs and among all the other formulations SD9 shows high percentage drug release i.e. 99.11 ± 5.17% for 90 min and selected as an optimized formulation for the preparation of fast disintegrating tablets of Tenoxicam. Gellan Gum, Fenugreek Seed Mucilage and L-HPC (low, middle and high concentrations) used in the preparation of fast disintegrating tablets prepared by direct compression method using 33 Response surface method. The post compression parameters of all the prepared tablets were within the limits. TF13 was selected as optimized formulation based on its highest disintegration time 36 sec and drug release 99.68 ± 1.52% for 10 min. Drug-excipients characterization also revealed that there is no interaction. Hence it concluded that solid dispersions incorporated fast disintegrating tablets is very useful approach for immediate release of Tenoxicam in the efficient management of inflammation and pain.
EFIKASI DIRI REMAJA PUTRI DENGAN FOBIA SPESIFIK
Authors: Arfian Mohammad Yusuf , Sriningsih Sriningsih
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih konkrit tentang efikasi diri remaja perempuan dengan fobia spesifik. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 3 orang remaja putri berusia 12-21 tahun dengan fobia spesifik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa gambaran efikasi remaja putri dengan fobia memiliki karakteristik yang bervariasi. Partisipan PAS dan NNA memiliki karakteristik efikasi diri hampir serupa yaitu memandang ketakutannya sebagai hal yang mengancam, tidak memiliki dorongan untuk berani menghadapi ketakutannya, tidak berdaya untuk mengontrol ketakutannya dan memerlukan bantuan orang lain, tidak memiliki dorongan untuk berani menghadapi ketakutannya, dan memilih membiarkan ketakutannya tetap ada. Partisipan PAS pernah memiliki pengalaman berhasil menghadapi ketakutannya namun tidak memengaruhi keberaniannya menghadapi ketakutannya. Keluarga khususnya ibu selalu membantu PAS untuk menghindari laba-laba, sehingga efikasi diri yang dimiliki PAS tidak mengalami perubahan. Efikasi diri dikembangkan oleh NNA, karena ia kurang memiliki pengalaman berhasil menghadapi ular. Selama ini NNA tidak banyak menceritakan ketakutannya kepada orang lain, karena khawatir respon orang lain. Partisipan MAD memiliki karakteristik efikasi diri yang berbeda. Partisipan MAD menanamkan usaha yang kuat saat menghadapi ketakutannya. MAD merasa lega setelah dapat menghadapi objek yang ditakutinya. MAD merasa telah mampu menghadapi ketakutan dengan cara menenangkan diri. MAD merasa selama ini lingkungan menuntutnya untuk berhadapan dengan ketakutan. Selain itu penilaian masyarakat juga memengaruhi MAD untuk memiliki efikasi diri.
Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Pada Atasan Untuk Peningkatan Komitmen Organisasi Karyawan Di Hotel “X”
Authors: Dewi Ros Patriani , Astuti Kamsih
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional pada atasan untuk peningkatan komitmen organisasi karyawan di hotel X Yogyakarta. Subjek penelitian adalah 34 karyawan Hotel X Yogyakarta yang merupakan subordinat atau bawahan sedangkan yang diberikan intervensi berupa pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional adalah para Head of Departement (HOD) yang berjumlah 8 orang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala komitmen organisasi yang mengacu pada organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ) yang dikembangkan oleh Allen & Meyer (1990), yang terdiri dari tiga komponen yaitu: komponen afektif, komponen kontinuans dan komponen normatif. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah one group pretest-posttest design dengan analisis data uji statistik parametrik, yaitu Paired Sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa t = 7,325, (p<0,001) sehingga hipotesis penelitian diterima. Artinya, ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara komitmen organisasi karyawan sebelum diberikan pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional pada atasan dan setelah diberikan pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional pada atasan.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Untuk Peningkatan Harga Diri Remaja Putra Di Panti Asuhan “M” Klaten
Authors: Hapsari Dian , Astuti Kamsih , Sriningsih Sriningsih
Published: April 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek dari Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri anak-anak muda di panti asuhan M Klaten. Pemberian program ini berdasarkan teori dari Driffin, dkk. (Matthys & Lochman, 2010) dalam bentuk perilaku manajemen, modeling, ketrampilan pemecahan masalah, restructuring dan relaksasi kognitif. Subjek berjumlah 10 anak muda laki-laki yang tinggal di panti asuhan dan memiliki self estem yang rendah berdasarkan pada skor dari Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Hasil dari hipotesis pertama dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan self esteem antara KE dan KK (Z=-0.329; p>0.05) dan hipotesis kedua pada penelitian ini terbukti bahwa hasil dari analisis menunjukkan perbedaan self esteem antara KE dan KK sebelum dan sesudah diberikanCBT (Z=-2.070; p>0.05).
Peningkatan Kemandirian Anak Usia Prasekolah Dengan Pemberian Pengukuh Positif
Authors: Rochwidowati Novia Sinta , Widyana Rahma
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pengukuh positif untuk meningkatkan kemandirian pada anak usia prasekolah. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah Ada pengaruh pemberian pengukuh positif terhadap peningkatan kemandirian anak usia prasekolah, kemandirian anak selama dan setelah mendapatkan intervensi pemberian pengukuh positif mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan sebelum pemberian intervensi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kasus tunggal dalam bentuk desain eksperimen A-B-A. Pengukuran pemberian pengukuh positif menggunakan behavior checklist, sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan visual inpection, dengan didukung analisis kualitatif, dengan uji Intraclass Correlation (ICC=0,989) dengan Sig.=0.000. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku kemandirian subjek yang mendapatkan intervensi berupa pemberian pengukuh positif meningkat. Salah hal yang terungkap dari penelitian ini adalah ada sikap nrimo dari subjek, ketika salah satu pengukuh positif digantikan karena ketiadaan barang tersebut.
STRATEGI COPING DAN DISTORSI KOGNITIF PADA IBU TUNGGAL DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Fatimah Malida
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi coping dan distorsi kognitif pada ibu tunggal. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Seratus responden dipilih dari komunitas ibu tunggal yang ada di Yogyakarta. Satu set kuesioner yang terdiri dari dua inventori digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk mengumpulkan data. Nilai reliabiitas Cronbach Alpha pada kedua inventori berada pada rentang 0,84 sampai 0,98. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan independent t-test, ANOVA, dan korelasi Pearson. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa strategi coping yang digunakan ibu tunggal adalah menstruktur ulang secara kognitif yang menjadi bagian dari fungsi adaptif dan maladaptif, dan berada pada level menengah; distorsi kognitif pada penelitian ini menunjukkan kecenderungan pada preoccupation with danger (PWD) yang berada pada level kurang mengalami distorsi kognitif. Lebih jauh ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara distorsi kognitif dan strategi coping. Berdasarkan hasil temuan tersebut, beberapa implikasi dan rekomendasi menjadi bahan diskusi.
UJI VALIDASI ISI MODUL PSIKOEDUKASI TUTORIAL MEMBACA PERMULAAN UNTUK GURU SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Wulandari Nanda Yunika
Published: April 2019

Salah satu cara yang terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa adalah tutorial membaca menggunakan Reading Recovery. Untuk memiliki kemampuan yang mencukupi dalam memberikan tutorial membaca, maka guru membutuhkan rangkaian program pelatihan yang spesifik dan terukur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan melakukan proses validasi isi modul “Psikoedukasi Tutorial Membaca Permulaan” dengan model pembelajaran experiential learning untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru dalam pemberian tutorial membaca menggunakan reading recovery oleh guru Sekolah Dasar. Pada penelitian ini akan dipaparkan mengenai uji validasi isi modul tersebut. Validasi isi dilakukan dengan menggunakan professional Judgement oleh 7 orang profesional yang terdiri dari praktisi, yaitu; psikolog sekolah, kepala sekolah dan guru senior serta akademisi, yaitu; dosen psikologi dan dosen PGSD. Hasil analisa Aiken’s V terhadap masing-masing aspek menunjukan skor V antara 0,75 – 0,91. Adapun validitas isi keseluruhan modul menggunakan prosentase menunjukan hasil sebesar 87,32 % artinya modul memiliki validitas isi yang baik dan dapat digunakan untuk tahap selanjutnya, yaitu uji empiris.
Alcohol and Breastfeeding, a review of the issues
Authors: Greiner Ted
Published: April 2019

Moderate alcohol use by breastfeeding women appears to be relatively common. Alcohol concentrates in breast milk at levels slightly higher than in maternal blood, peaking at 30-60 minutes after consumption. Most studies find no link with the duration of breastfeeding unless drinking is fairly heavy (>2 standard drinks/day). However, seven studies have found that moderate maternal alcohol consumption was associated with a shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding; one found no difference and one found an increase. Alcohol affects oxytocin release, leading to reductions in breast milk consumption in the following hours. Infant alcohol exposure may increase fussiness and reduce sleep, both temporary if the mother does not continue to drink. These effects on the infant and on the breastfeeding process could be interpreted by mothers as signs of infant dissatisfaction with their breast milk, “insufficient milk,” or other commonly expressed causes for suboptimal breastfeeding patterns. Chronic alcohol consumption, even if moderate, may have a number of more serious effects, including on infant development. In the early weeks or months of life, infant toleration of alcohol is lower than it is at later stages of infancy, and the early breastfeeding process is more susceptible to disruption. Therefore, it may be wise to advise mothers to continue their abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy into the first few months of breastfeeding. Little research has been done on how often women time their drinking so as to avoid infant exposure to alcohol. Health workers and others sometimes propagate myths that alcohol, especially alcoholic beer, is beneficial to breastfeeding. Research is needed in different cultures into whether various forms of cautionary messages are likely to discourage moderate drinkers from initiating breastfeeding or to shorten its duration, and which type of messages if any actually lead to a reduction in drinking during breastfeeding.
The role of the transnational ultra-processed food industry in the pandemic of obesity and its associated diseases: problems and solutions
Authors: Monteiro Carlos A. , Cannon Geoffrey John
Published: April 2019

Policies to control and prevent the pandemic of obesity and related conditions and diseases have failed. This is because the efficient causes of the pandemic have not yet been agreed. We state here that its outstanding immediate cause is the increased and rapidly increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods, which displace unprocessed or minimally processed foods and freshly prepared dishes and meals, most conspicuously now in middle- and lower-income countries.

 

The underlying cause of this is the phenomenal rise since the 1980s of the transnational corporations whose huge profits depend on the use of cheap ingredients and arrays of additives made into ultra-processed food. The scale and power of the transnationals, which tend towards oligopoly, and their penetration of middle and lower-income countries, have been accelerated by global political and economic agreements that have deregulated trade and allowed capital flow that opens countries to penetration by foreign businesses.

 

Food is essential for life and health, but there is no need to consume ultra-processed foods. In this sense, they are similar to tobacco products. The same statutory policies and programmes that are applied to smoking should be adapted to limit and reduce consumption of ultra-processed foods. Revenue from taxation should be used to protect local food producers and retailers, to promote healthy and sustainable diets, and to ensure food security for vulnerable populations. Overall, a Framework Convention on Food Systems, promulgated by the relevant United Nations agencies as agreed by UN member states, supported by professional and civil society organisations and social movements, is needed. This will be designed to create healthy food systems and supplies and thus healthy diets that also are beneficial socially, culturally, economically and environmentally.
An Implementation of School Improvement Plan through Results Based Management: A Framework to Practice
Authors: Javed Muhammad Nadeem , Nawaz Muhammad Hameed , Javed Muhammad Latif , Javed Muhammad
Published: April 2019

A school improvement plan is a “road map” that sets out the changes a school needs to make to improve the level of student achievement, and shows how and when these changes will be made. The objectives of the study were remained as, to identify the practices of Results Based Management (RBM) in relation with the implementation of School Improvement Plan (SIP) on the basis of performance, to explore the perceptions of the heads of schools and Secondary School Teachers (SSTs) about implementation of School Improvement Plan (SIP), to analyze the physical and educational facilitates in school improvement plan. A set of research questions was used to achieve the objectives of the study. The collected data was analyzed by using inferential and deferential techniques of data analysis. The findings and conclusions of the study show that School Improvement Plan is being carried out at secondary schools of Punjab through Result Base Management. It is also revealed that the whole process of school management is revolving around school improvement plan; administration has less training about result base management. Some recommendations are given to synchronize the process to achieve desired objectives of school improvement Plan.
Use and Utility of Teacher Guides for Primary School Teachers in Punjab
Authors: Ranjha Fayyaz Ahmad , Mahmood Muhammad Khalid , Butt Intzar Hussain
Published: April 2019

This study is aimed at soliciting pubic primary school teachers’ viewpoints on use and utility of teacher guides, an initiative of government of the Punjab. Data were collected through focus group discussions of male and female teachers from District Sargodha. Teachers were asked to discuss need, importance and use of teacher guide and to suggest ways to improve. Focus group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed for extracting themes. It was found that teachers acknowledged the need and importance of teacher guide for better teaching. It was noted from their discussion that teachers used Guides for lesson planning and activities but use of teacher guide was not optimal. Some of the teachers were using it in best possible way, while majority were using it occasionally. They highlighted difficulties and challenges like high workload, language of teacher guides and lack of learning material required for suggested activities. The y suggested revising guides for language, removing inconsistencies with respect to schedule of guide and academic calendar. They also suggested lower workload of teachers by recruiting new teachers, providing teachers with training to use guides and making monitoring and supervision more rigorous.
The Incomplete Linguistic Features and Schematic Structure in EFL University Students’ Narrative Texts
Authors: Zein Tengku Thyrhaya , Sinar T. Silvana , Nurlela Nurlela , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: April 2019

This study attempts to investigate the incomplete linguistic features and schematic structure in university students’ narrative text. Qualitative content analysis method was utilized as the research design. The instrument of the research is the writing sheet. The data were taken from a narrative text written by 34 university students of second-year English education study program under the theme of folktales from North Sumatera. The data were analyzed by using the transitivity system to identify linguistic features in narrative text. The findings present that there are 4 different titles of folktales found in the data. From the data, it was commonly found that there is an incomplete part of the schematic structure of narrative text written by students namely complication, evaluation, resolution, and coda. In terms of linguistic features, it is discovered that most of the students have difficulties in differing the tense used covering the use of regular and irregular verbs, and the absence of dialogue. Then, the conclusion can be drawn that the incomplete schematic structure and linguistic features exist in university students’ narrative text. It is also suggested that students keep practicing to write and lecturers should devote higher attention in teaching this genre so that it is able to be comprehended and properly produced by students.
POLA ARGUMENTASI PADA GENRE TEKS EKSPOSISI KARANGAN SISWA SMA
Authors: Abduh Nurul Khairani , Sastromiharjo Andoyo , Anshori Dadang S.
Published: April 2019

Argumentation Pattern on Genres of Exposition Texts by High School Students. This article aims to describe the pattern of argumentation in the essays of student expositions based on the theoretical study of Toulmin's Argumentation Pattern (TAP). The documentation technique was used in data collection in sources in the form of expositions of class X students from five schools in Makassar City, namely Makassar 14 High School (24 data), Makassar 4 Public High School, Makassar 9 Public High School, Athirah Makassar Islamic High School, and SMA Tri Tunggal 45 Makassar. The results of the analysis show nine argumentation patterns produced in the exposition essay, ranging from the most basic and simple patterns to the most complex patterns, namely (1) C-D, (2) C-D-W, (3) C-D-Q, (4) C-D-R, (5) C-D-W-B, (6) C-D-W-Q, (7) C-D-W-R, (8) C-D-Q-R, and (9) C-D-W-B-Q.
ETIKA PROFETIS CERITA RAKYAT SURAKARTA
Authors: Qomariyah U'um , Doyin Mukh , Zuliyanti Zuliyanti , Prabaningrum Dyah
Published: April 2019

Prophetical Ethics on Folklores of Surakarta. This study aims to describe the humanism, liberation, and transcendence ethics as pillars of prophetical ethics on the folklores of Surakarta. The method of investigation used was descriptive qualitative approach by implementing critical analysis methods with the objects of the study were the folklores spread in regional of Surakarta. The collecting data methods used were a literature review, observation, and interviews and there were analyzed with several steps (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) drawing conclusions. The result of the study was, the folklores in Surakarta regions provide prophetical values, namely (1) humanism ethics, including: big soul, caring, apologizer, helper; (2) liberation ethics, including: learning, rights fighters, glory, unity, and (3) ethics of transcendence, including: meditation, surrendered, sincerely, and obedience to leaders.
Morphosyntaxe et sémantique de quelques locutions contenant le mot « tête » dans les canadianismes
Authors: Gauthier Valérie , Hien Amélie , Reguigi Ali
Published: April 2019

Bien qu’une intercompréhension entre les locuteurs du français à travers le monde soit possible grâce aux nombreuses conventions prescrites, l’efficacité de leur communication peut toutefois être compromise à cause de la présence de mots et d’expressions propres à un pays ou à une région. En effet, le français est susceptible de variations synchroniques et diachroniques, étant donné les variations culturelles, sociales, économiques et politiques à l’intérieur d’un même pays et entre les pays ou les régions partageant cette langue. Ces mots et locutions, qui peuvent faire partie du vocabulaire de certains locuteurs, réfèrent alors à des réalités spécifiques de leurs pays ou de leurs régions. En outre, ces expressions ont souvent une telle opacité sémantique que les locuteurs étrangers à celles-ci risquent d’être déroutés et ne seront pas en mesure d’en comprendre le sens (Klett, 2013, p. 60). À titre d’exemple, dans une situation où un locuteur francophone de la Belgique communique avec un locuteur francophone du Canada, il est possible qu’il y ait une incompréhension des expressions utilisées de part et d’autre.

De même, cette incompréhension peut s’instaurer entre locuteurs d’un même pays. Cela suggère que le vocabulaire de ces locuteurs diffère par des facteurs individuels, c’està-dire des facteurs sociolinguistiques, qui ont un effet sur leur usage et leur compréhension des expressions. C’est sur cette incompréhension que nous nous penchons dans cette étude.

Étant donné la panoplie d’expressions existantes, nous avons restreint notre champ de recherche en ne nous intéressant qu’à quelques locutions anatomiques1 contenant le mot « tête » dans les canadianismes, telles que « être une tête carrée » et « avoir des yeux tout le tour de la tête ».
DEVLET İÇ BORÇLANMA SENETLERİ, DÖVİZ, PETROL PİYASALARININ HİSSE SENEDİ PİYASASI ÜZERİNE ORTALAMA VE OYNAKLIK YAYILMA ETKİLERİ
Authors: KUZU Serdar
Published: April 2019

Petrol fiyatlarında, Devlet İç
Borçlanma Senetleri (DİBS) ve döviz kurlarında yaşanan değişim hisse senedi
piyasası üzerinde yarattığı etkiyi incelemek amacıyla önemli göstergeler olarak
karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ekonomi literatüründe kısıtlı çalışmalar sonucunda
farklı yönleri ortaya konulan petrol fiyatları, döviz kurlarındaki değişimin,
DİBS ve hisse senedi piyasasının ekonomi üzerinde yarattığı etkilerden
hareketle, söz konusu değişkenlerdeki değişimlerin yaratacağı risklerin
öngörülmesi, hesaplanması ve yönetilmesi sorunu karar alıcılar tarafından
oldukça önemlidir. Petrol fiyatları, döviz kurları, DİBS ve BİST 100 arasında
fiyat ve oynaklık etkilerini ortaya koyan çalışmanın sınırlı olduğu
gözlemlenmektedir. Yayılım etkilerini ortaya koyabilmek için kullanılan
yöntemlerden biriside çok değişkenli EGARCH modelidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı
02.01.2005-31.05.2018 tarihleri arasında aylık ortalama döviz kuru, DİBS ve
petrol fiyatlarının BIST100 endeksi üzerine yayılım etkilerini ve etki
derecelerinin dolar kuru, DİBS ve petrol açısından ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma
sonucunda DİBS piyasası ile hisse senedi piyasası arasında anlamlı bir ortalama
oynaklık yayılma etkisinin olduğu ve çift yönlü bir yayılma etkisi
gözlemlenmiştir. Döviz piyasasının DİBS piyasası ve hisse senedi piyasası
üzerinde bir yayılma etkisinin mevcut olduğu fakat petrol piyasası üzerinde ise
etkisine ait anlamlı bir sonuç bulunamamıştır. Hisse senedi piyasasından döviz
piyasaları, DİBS piyasası üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı oynaklık yayılma
etkisinin var olduğu fakat petrol piyasası hakkında ilişkiyi ortaya koyabilecek
bir kanıt bulunamamıştır. Çalışmada ortaya çıkan bir başka sonuç ise piyasada
yaşanan şokların yarattığı oynaklığın hisse senedi, DİBS ve döviz piyasasında
kalıcı, petrol piyasasında ise kalıcı olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.
KURUMSALLAŞMANIN MARKALAŞMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ VE DİYARBAKIR MERKEZİNDE BİR ALAN ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: DURMAZ Yakup , AÇIKGÖZ Ali
Published: April 2019

Bu
çalışmada, kurumsallaşma ve markalaşma arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışma
Diyarbakır’da yapılmıştır. Diyarbakır’da faaliyet yürüten ve çoğunluğu 10 yılı
aşkın bir geçmişe sahip olan 25 işletme seçilmiş ve bunlardan 20 tanesi
anketimize cevap vermiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizi SPSS 23 bilgisayar
paket programı ile kurumsallaşma ve markalaşmanın alt boyutları ele alınarak
yapılmış ve %95 güven düzeyi ile çalışılmıştır. Markalaşma üç alt boyut,
kurumsallaşma ise altı alt boyut şeklinde ele alınmış ve incelenmiştir.
İNSANİ GELİŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: BAZI AFRİKA ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ERDEM Ekrem , ÇELİK Bekir
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmada, Afrika kıtasında bulunan 52 ülke arasından verilerin elverişlilik durumuna göre seçilen 33 Afrika ülkesinin, 1995-2014 yıllarına ait verilerinden yararlanılarak insani gelişme ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızda; insani gelişme endeksi bağımlı değişken, eğitim harcamaları, kişi başına düşen sağlık harcamaları ve GSYH ise bağımsız değişkenler olarak seçilmiştir. Analiz kısmında öncelikle serilerin yatay kesit bağımlılıkları incelenmiştir. Daha sonra panel durağanlık testleri kullanılarak serilerin durağanlık seviyeleri test edilmiştir. Seriler durağan hale geldikten sonra, panel ARDL kısa dönem analizi sonucunda insani gelişme ile gelir değişkeni arasında pozitif ve anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Fakat insani gelişme ve eğitim değişkeni arasındaki ilişki negatif ve anlamlı bulunmuştur. İnsani gelişme ve sağlık değişkeni arasındaki ilişkinin ise pozitif fakat istatistiksel olarak anlamsız olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kısa dönem analiz sonuçlarının aksine uzun dönem ARDL sonuçlarına göre insani gelişme ve gelir değişkeni arasındaki ilişki negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı, insani gelişme ile hem eğitim hem de sağlık değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki ise pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre insani gelişme ile gelir, sağlık ve eğitim değişkenlerinin %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde karşılıklı olarak birbirlerinin nedeni olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bütün bu sonuçlardan hareketle teorinin de öngördüğü gibi Afrika ülkeleri için ekonomik büyümeyi açıklamada sadece gelir değişkenin göz önünde bulundurulmasının yeterli olmadığı buna ilave olarak eğitim ve sağlık değişkenlerinin de hesaba katılmasının doğru olacağı tespit edilmiştir. Politika yapıcılar ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınma planları yaparken etki gücünü göz önünde bulundurarak kısa dönemde gelir değişkenini, uzun dönemde ise eğitim değişkenini temel alan politikaları devreye sokmalıdır.
TÜRKİYE İLE TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİ ARASINDAKİ EKONOMİK İLİŞKİLER: DIŞ TİCARET, TURİZM VE YATIRIM AÇISINDAN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: DORU Ömer , ASLAN Mehmet Barış
Published: April 2019

Bu
çalışmada Türkiye ile Türk Cumhuriyetleri arasındaki ekonomik ilişkiler dış
ticaret, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve turizm bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Türkiye ile olan tarihsel bağın yanında son dönemlerde doğal kaynakların
pazarlanmasından doğan gelir artışları bölgenin Türkiye için önemli bir dış
ticaret potansiyeli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bundan yola çıkarak hazırlanan
çalışmada; Türkiye’nin bu ülkelerin dış ticaretlerindeki rolü, yapmış olduğu
doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve karşılıklı gelen turist sayıları tarihsel süreç
içerisinde düzenlenerek, ülke gurubu ile Türkiye arasındaki ekonomik ilişki
ortaya konulmuştur. Bunun yanında Türk Cumhuriyetlerinin ekonomik faaliyet
guruplarına göre yapmış oldukları ihracat ve ithalat miktarlarında Türkiye’nin
payı ortaya konularak sektör bazında mevcut durum belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak
Türkiye ile Türk Cumhuriyetleri arasındaki ekonomik ilişkilerin son dönemlerde
artmasına rağmen istenilen seviyeye ulaşmadığı görülmüştür.
TÜRKİYE’DE FAİZ ORANI VE DÖVİZ KURU İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: AYLA Dilara
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışma, Türkiye ekonomisinde 2006:Q1-2017:Q4
dönemi kısa vadeli reel faiz oranları ve ortalama döviz kurları arasındaki eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik ilişkilerinin
incelenmesi amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda yapılan Engle-Granger
eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre kısa dönemli reel faiz oranları ile
ortalama döviz kuru değişkenlerinin uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettikleri
tespit edilmiştir. Aralarında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilen model
değişkenlerinin herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisine sahip olup olmadığı ise
hata düzeltme modeline dayalı Granger nedensellik analizi yardımıyla
sınanmıştır. Nedensellik analizi sonucunda, değişkenlerin kısa dönemde herhangi
bir nedensellik ilişkisi içerisinde olmadıkları tespit edilmekle birlikte uzun
dönemde karşılıklı nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Analiz
sonucunda ulaşılan bulgular bağlamında bir değerlendirme yapıldığında söz
konusu her iki değişkenin de birbirleri için uyarıcı bir değişken olduğu yorumu
yapılabilecektir. Nitekim ekonomik konjonktürün temel belirleyicileri arasında
yer alan bu değişkenler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik ilişkisinin
varlığı makroekonomik denge unsurları açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu sebeple
özellikle gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerinin ekonomik şoklar karşısındaki
direnç kapasitesinin arttırılması noktasında faiz oranları ve döviz kuru
üzerindeki rolünü belirleyebilecek nitelikte kararlar alması gerektiği
söylenebilecektir.
KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İÇGÜDÜSEL SATIN ALMA DAVRANIŞLARINA YANSIMASI
Authors: USLU DİVANOĞLU Sevilay , USLU Tuba
Published: April 2019

Tüketicilerin
satın alma nedenlerini öğrenmek işletmeler için zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bir işletme,
pazarda başarılı olabilmek ve diğer işletmelerden farklı olabilmek için pazardaki tüketicileri tanımak ve araştırmak zorundadır. Tanıma sürecinde sadece demografik özelliklerin
bilinmesi yeterli değildir. Demografik özelliklerin yanı sıra tüketicilerin
algı, tutum, motivasyon ve kişilik gibi satın alma davranışlarını etkileyen
psikolojik faktörlerin de araştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu psikolojik faktörlerden biri olarak içgüdüsel satın
alma, tüketicilerin ihtiyaç duymadıkları fakat satın almaya karşı koyamadıkları
bir satın alma sürecidir. Bu
çalışma, kişilik özelliklerinin içgüdüsel satın alma davranışına etkisini ölçme
amaçlı gerçekleştirilmiştir.
ELEŞTİRİ, SEKÜLERİZM VE KÜLTÜR
Authors: KAYINTU Ahmet
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmada sekülerizm
konusu bağlamında sekülerizm ile kültür eleştirisi, edebiyat ve din ilişkisi
çok disiplinli bir yaklaşım içinde sorgulanmaktadır. Seküler eleştiri, kapsamlı
bir örnek oluşturması açısından Edward Said'in görüşleri esas alınarak
tartışılmıştır. Said’e göre sekülerizmin anlamı, dinî dayanışma, ulusal
hareketler, profesyonellik ve “organik” ya da sınıfsal entellektüellik
uygulamalarına karşı olan muhalif bir eleştirel pratiktir.  Onun ifadelerini ve genel yaklaşımlarını
ifade etmek gerekirse, metinlerin dünyevi olduğu, bir dereceye kadar olaylardan
oluştuğu, inkâr ettikleri zaman bile, yine de sosyal dünyanın, insan hayatının
ve elbette içinde bulundukları tarihi anların bir parçası olduklarını ve
yorumlandıklarını ifade etmektedir. Günümüzde,
sekülerizmin dinden tamamen ayrı olmadığı ve dinin zıddı olmadığı düşüncesi gittikçe
daha fazla yayılıyor. Buna göre tarih, her ne kadar insanların eseri ise de, Tanrıya
bağlı, ona inanan, onu seven ve ondan korkan insanların eseridir. İnsanların
maddi eserlerinin ardındaki motivasyonun kaynağı olan din göz ardı edilerek bir
sonuca varmak olası değildir. Ayrıca kültür ve edebiyatın seküler ve dini
boyutları da makalede ele alınan konular arasındadır. Aynı şekilde, sekülerizmin
salt bir dini ve dünyevi ayrımından ibaret olmadığı, sekülerizmin normatif bir
karakterde olduğu tartışmasına yer verilmektedir.
TARİHÎ KENT MERKEZLERİNİN KORUMA VE GELİŞTİRME STRATEJİLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: GAZİANTEP ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÜNAYDIN Ahmet Salih , ALTUNKASA Mehmet Faruk
Published: April 2019

Tarihi kent merkezi
ölçeğinde yapılan kentsel tasarım çalışmalarında, tasarımcıya yön veren en
önemli faktörlerden biri kent kimliğidir. Bu tür alanların tüm yönleri ile
analiz edilmesi ve kent kimlik öğelerinin belirlenmesi, kent kimliğinin doğru
bir şekilde algılanmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Buçalışmada, Gaziantep tarihî
kent merkezi boyutunda koruma ve geliştirme stratejilerinin belirlenmesi,
mekânsal ve algısal organizasyonu güçlendirerek, ileride yapılacak kentsel
tasarım çalışmalarına yön verecek bir çerçeve oluşturmayı amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde yapı, sokak ve meydanların fiziksel özelliklerini
belirleyebilmek için, tipoloji çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci
bölümünde ise koruma, koruma ve sağlıklaştırma, yeniden canlandırma ve geçiş
bölgesi olmak üzere dört müdahale bölgesi belirlenmiştir. Müdahale bölgeleri,
bir önceki bölümde yapılan tipoloji çalışması ile bulunan kent kimlik
öğelerinin özgünlük durumları ile alanda yapılan gözlem ve incelemeler sonucunda
tespit edilmiştir. Müdahale bölgeleri ve politikalarının
belirlenmesi ile amaçlanan, tarihî kent merkezi ve yakın çevresinde yapılacak
müdahalelerin belirli politikalar doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilmesini
sağlamaktır.Sonuç olarak,belirlenen koruma ve
geliştirme stratejileri doğrultusunda Gaziantep tarihi kent merkezi bütününde öneriler
geliştirilmiştir.
The Relation between the Eruption of the Deciduous Teeth and the Development and Growth of the Child
Authors: Banoosh Sulafa Khair Al-Deen
Published: April 2019

This article aimed to find any relation between the eruption of the deciduous teeth and the development and growth of the child. This study included 77 children, aged between (1-2) years old all examined orally for any deciduous teeth eruption and record any delayed case, the parents of child answered 30 questions about the children's development.   

The results of this study shown that there were no significant differences (P<0.05) between the teething (eruption of teeth) and the five developmental domains. Delayed teething was seen more among those with normal gross motor, and among those with delayed fine motor (statistically significant at 0.5 level). No relation between the eruption of the teeth and the development of the child and the teething time might be affected by local causes more than the systemic cause; these results need more researches and studies to prove these facts.
Effect of Addition of Different Levels of Commercial Baker's Yeast to Concentrate Diet of Multiparous Mid-Lactation Holstein Friesian Cows on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics
Authors: Mohammed Waleed Ahmed , Saeed Ali Ameen
Published: April 2019

This study was conducted in Grand station of Diwania/ Taj Al-Nahrain company- Al-Qadisiya Province for 84 days to investigate the effect of level of addition of commercial baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae,0, 15 and 30 g/cow/day to concentrate diet on rumen fermentation characteristics  in German Holstein Friesian lactating cows.  Nine multiparous Holstein cows in their mid-lactation were used. Daily feeding program applied in that station included offering 1 kg of concentrate diet per 3-4 kg milk produced divided into morning and evening meals, 10 kg of green forage, 10 kg whole plant corn silage and free choice of rice straw. Silage was characterized with accepted quality and fermentation parameters, values of pH, concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) were, 3.5, 0.98% of total nitrogen and 2.55 mM/DM respectively. Results revealed that addition of yeast at level of 15 and 30 g/cow/day reduced (P<0.01) concentration of NH3-N from 18.14 to 13.92 and 14.21 mg/100 ml respectively. Significant (P<0.01) increase in concentration of TVFA from 7.32 to 9.39 mM /100 ml was also observed due to addition of yeast at level of 15 g/cow/day. However, ruminal pH values were not affected by addition of yeast
Accounting Information Systems and their Impact on Achieving Competitive Advantage
Authors: Abood Anwar Hashim
Published: April 2019

This research aims to highlight the important and effective role played by accounting information systems in banking and its impact on the possibility of achieving competitive advantage. The collection, classification, analysis, and submission of information to its users is one of the most important objectives that Iraqi banking departments seek to achieve under the acceleration of knowledge. By providing a robust database that is an effective tool for banks to achieve the principle of competitive advantage, these departments seek to develop their accounting information systems efficiently and effectively by employing their IT outputs in planning, The decision of the National Islamic Bank of Iraq, as well as the design of a questionnaire consisting of 20 paragraphs specialized in accounting information systems and 40 questionnaires, were distributed on the sample of the study. The role of accounting information systems in Iraqi banks and their impact on the achievement of competitive advantage. These indicators were analyzed and tested by means of the tests of F, P-value and impact statement through the R2 parameter using ANOVA. The research concluded that there is a significant effect on the systems. The accounting research to achieve a competitive advantage on the basis of which the alternative hypothesis was accepted. The research also reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is that the departments of Iraqi banks are interested in investing and developing their accounting information systems and employing their information outputs in making the best administrative and investment decisions.
Effect of Ensiling and Urea Treatment on Nutritive Value of Wild Reed (Phragmites Communis) in Awassi Lambs Feeding 3- Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics
Authors: Hussian Haitham M. , Saeed Ali A.
Published: April 2019

This study was conducted in animal farm belonging to Animal Production Department- College of Agriculture - AlQasim Green University using 24 Awassi male lambs at 4-6 months of age and mean initial weight of 20.59 kg, to investigate the effect of ensiling and level of urea (0, 1 and 2%) on ruminal fermentation characteristics. Results pointed out that pH was increased (P<0.01) due to ensiling, values were 6.91 vs. 6.71 for silage and reed respectively, yet it was not affected by level of urea. Higher (P<0.01) value of ruminal NH3-N was detected in samples withdrawn from lambs fed read treated with a high level of urea as compared with untreated reed silage (10.21 vs. 11.05 mg/100 ml for silage and reed respectively). Total volatile fattty Acid (TVFA) in the rumen was not affected by ensiling (5.67 vs. 5.65 mmol/100 ml) and level of urea treatment. Untreated silage and reed treated with 2% of urea recorded higher pH and NH3-N concentrations respectively. Higher pH and TVFA were recorded in samples withdrawn before feeding to be decreased at 3 hours post feeding.Then it was decreased after 6 hrs. NH3-N oncentrations while recorded higer level in samples withdrawn 3 hours post feeding, then it decreased at 6 hours post feeding, however, it was still higher than those recorded before feeding.
PALATO GINGIVAL GROOVE;
Authors: Mahmood Asad , Sajid Mustafa , Jamil Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad Waheed
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The palatogingival groove (PGG) is an anomaly which considered as a developmental defect. In 1908, this anomaly was first of all described by Black. According to him this palatogingival groove starts just beneath the cingulum and travels towards the apex from cementoenamel junction. Palatogingival groove presents variation in depth and length along the root. Objectives: To determine frequency of palatogingival groove in maxillary lateral incisors, as early diagnosis can prevent the development of caries and periodontitis. Study Design: Cross sectional study Setting: 500 adult patients were examined (1000 maxillary lateral incisors) which includes both genders aged 20-45 years, recruited from Operative Department, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital Multan. Period: Six months from Jan to June 2017. Material & Method: In patients oral cavity both right and left side were inspected and the groove extension was assorted into, coronal grooves (coronal to cement enamel junction), and apical grooves (extended to the root, beyond the cement enamel junction). Results: The PGG prevalence rate in the population has been reported to be between 2.8% and 8.5%. Conclusion: The frequency of palatogingival groove was 9%. Bilateralism of the PGGs was calculated and was found to be 62.2%. 30% caries was present in all cases. Palatogingival groove can cause marginal periodontitis, pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis. Early diagnosis can prevent the development of caries and periodontitis.
GLOMERULAR DISEASES IN MADINA REGION;
Authors: Manzoor Adil , Bhatt Imtiaz , Javed Rehan
Published: April 2019

Objectives: The study is designed to get useful information and epidemiological data for clinical practice and investigations regarding glomerular disease frequencies in Madina region.  Study Design & Setting: Single-center retrospective study at King Fahd Hospital Madina. Period: 01 year (March 2016- March 2017). Methods: All native renal biopsies were studied for the period of 1 year (March 2016- March 2017). Only glomerular disease patterns were analyzed. The diagnosis of each case was based on histological, immunopathological and clinical features. Results: A total of 44 biopsies were Included. Primary glomerular diseases in 52.27% of all biopsies studied. The most common primary disease was Membranous Nephropathy which accounts for 20.45%. Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (9%), Minimal change disease (4.54%), C3 glomerulopathy  (4.54%), IGA Nephropathy (4.54%), Non-IgA Mesangial Proliferative GN(2.27%), Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (GN) (2.27%), Post lnfectlous GN(2.27%), Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy(2.27%)  as primary GN. Secondary glomerular diseases in 47.73%. Lupus Nephritis corresponded to 34.09% of the entire series. Conclusions: FSGS has been the most frequent type of glomerulopathy in Saudi Arabian population according to previously available data from local studies but in our study the cases of Membranous Nephropathy were high .Lupus Nephritis remain above the list as a cause of secondary glomerular disease. The reasons for these findings are unclear but this information is an important contribution towards understanding the prevalence of renal diseases In Saudi Arabia.
METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;
Authors: Khawaja Aneela , Arshad Faiqa , Jamil Rabiya
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The versatility of Staphylococcus aureus has been transformed as “Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus”. The most challenging are the disastrous virulence patterns being expressed due to the selection pressure of antibiotics. For assessing the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; screening by cefoxitin disc (30µg) diffusion method is still a realistic approach among conventional phenotypic methods, being applied in most of the laboratories. This reliable and feasible technique contributes significantly for MRSA detection. This study has been designed to evaluate the prevalence and identify the sensitivity pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Pathology Department, Microbiology Laboratory, PGMI. Period: January 2015 to December 2015. Materials & Methods: A total 713 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were processed. Identification and confirmation of Staphylococcus aureus was done by colony morphology on blood agar, gram stain, catalase, coagulase and DNA-ase tests. Screening for methicillin resistance was done using cefoxitin disc (30mg, OXOID); while different antibiotic discs were used to assess the sensitivity profile by Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines (2016). Results: Out of 713 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 92 (12.90%) isolates were labelled as methicillin resistant by cefoxitin disc diffusion test. Out of 92 MRSA isolates, 57 (14.65%) were recovered from male patients and 35 (10.80%) from female patients. While, 60 (65.22%) MRSA isolates showed hemolysis on blood agar. Among 92 MRSA isolates, 41 (44.57%) were recovered from pus specimen. Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was highest (65.22%) after penicillin (100%); while all the MRSA isolates were 100% sensitive to both vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA in hospital care settings is of great clinical concern. To combat this public health threat effectively, continuous surveillance of health-care associated infections, along with local antibiotic sensitivity pattern of MRSA; as well as formulation of a definite antibiotic policy is required.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH FERTILITY IN”BHAKKAR GABOOL GOTH”: CASE STUDY
Authors: Khattak Sanam wagma
Published: April 2019

Pakistan is holding only 0.67 percent of the whole world’s area but has 2 percent of world population. In 1951 it ranked at 14th position in the world’s populous countries. In 2015-16 its population jumped to 195.4 million approximately five times higher. With this high population it has become the 6th most high populated country in the world. Human fertility is not a personal decision but it is a mixture of factors, and the factors differ among places, according to specific conditions of particular areas & cultures. The aim of current research is to determine major factors that encourage high child ever born in urban slum area of Karachi” Bhakkar Gabool Goth” questionnaire was filled up from 100 ever married house hold women through simple sampling method based on formation  on socio economic determinants like respondent’s age and their husband’s income/education level/place of childhood residence, etc etc. The analysis were based on descriptive analysis through percentages and number distribution of respondents .The median or average number of kids were greater than 5 and out of 23 variables discussed in questionnaire , only 14 variables show significant relation with fertility level which were respondent current age, education status of respondent/ her husband, work status of respondent and her husband, types of work, age at first marriage/first birth, infant/child mortality, contraception, sex preferences and willingness of respondent/ her husband to have more kids. more and more family health clinics should be established particularly in slum areas, female education should be increased to encourage delayed marriages and contraception use should also be enhanced through media or health visitors.