bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Conscientious Objection to Mandatory Vaccination
Authors: Tucak Ivana , Berdica Josip
Published: July 2024

Among the member states of the Council of Europe, there is a consensus on the importance of vaccination as a successful and effective preventive health intervention. Every state aims to achieve herd immunity, i.e., a high vaccination rate of the population that will prevent the circulation of contagious diseases in the population and thus protect those who cannot be vaccinated due to age or poor health. However, despite the general recognition of the importance of vaccination, there is no consensus on a “single model” of how best to achieve the goals of mass immunization. Countries have different public health policies, so while the vaccination policy of some members of the Council of Europe is limited to a recommendation, others have made vaccination compulsory. Today, there are many opponents of vaccination and those who are hesitant. This paper will focus on those who refuse to be vaccinated based on a moral understanding of how to act in certain circumstances. The paper will explore whether countries imposing mandatory vaccination, with financial or other sanctions imposed in the case of non-compliance, should recognize the right to conscientious objection. This includes the right of adults to refuse vaccination, and respecting the religious and philosophical beliefs of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children. The article consists of two main parts. The first part will explore the legal-theoretical and legal-philosophical dimensions of the relationship between justice and conscience, with special emphasis on the interpretation of this relationship provided by the American political philosopher John Rawls. The second part of the paper will examine the issue of compulsory vaccination and conscientious objection through the prism of the rights provided for in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Zjawisko technostresu w pracy – przegląd koncepcji badawczych z perspektywy badań pracowników zdalnych
Authors: Dudek Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

W artykule podjęto problem technostresu w pracy zdalnej. Zadanie to ma szczególny charakter ze względu na szeroki zakres zagadnienia oraz jego interdyscyplinarność, jak również z uwagi na kontekst – dynamiczny rozwój nowoczesnych technologii oraz ich wpływ na sferę pracy. Celem artykułu jest określenie problemów związanych z opracowaniem koncepcji technostresu w pracy zdalnej oraz jej zastosowaniem w badaniach socjologicznych. Jako materiał źródłowy wykorzystano literaturę naukową i publikacje prezentujące wyniki badań społecznych dotyczących technostresu oraz badania własne. Przegląd literatury umożliwił opis definicji pojęcia „technostres” i powiązanych z nim kluczowych kategorii (kreatory technostresu, inhibitory), a także obszarów prowadzonych badań, podejść badawczych i uzyskiwanych rezultatów. Następnie omówiono propozycję koncepcji badania technostresu w pracy, w tym konceptualizację i elementy operacjonalizacji. Metodologię badań własnych opracowano w ramach podejścia ilościowego: zastosowano metodę sondażu (technika – CAWI, kwestionariusz o wysokim stopniu standaryzacji). Projekt został zrealizowany w 2023 roku i objął pracowników biurowych (księgowych) pracujących w trybie zdalnym. Mimo limitacji badania dostarczyły interesujących danych na temat technostresu, w tym najbardziej dotkniętych nim obszarów (tempo świadczenia pracy, obciążenie zadaniami, ciągła łączność z miejscem pracy). Zidentyfikowano czynniki technostresu (rodzaj stanowiska, częstotliwość pracy zdalnej, forma zatrudnienia) oraz czynniki posiadające największe znaczenie w łagodzeniu stresu (wysoki poziom kompetencji cyfrowych, satysfakcjonująca praca).
Two circuit assessments of the performance of scientific organizations in Russia: current state and development prospects from the point of view of international experience
Authors: Kosyakov D. V. , Selivanova I. V. , Guskov A. E.
Published: July 2024

In Russia, in fact, two contours for assessing the scientific performance of organizations have developed: the expert one, which underlies the categorization of scientific organizations, and the quantitative one, which, according to the methodology of the comprehensive calculation of publication productivity, makes it possible to determine and monitor the implementation of the state assignment for fundamental scientific research. The article describes the history of the formation of these circuits, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the prerequisites for further development. The British REF (Research Excellence Framework) examination system and the Norwegian quantitative assessment model are considered as model examples for improving both circuits. REF features include a differentiated assessment of the results, impact and environment of scientific units, which is organized by expert panels and groups. The features of the Norwegian model are an expert approach to the formation of a national white list of scientific journals, conferences and publishers, a methodology for calculating the publication indicator and an open database of publications of Norwegian scientists, from which this indicator is determined. The authors believe that these two examples can be considered as parametric assessment models, the adaptation of which taking into account national characteristics will make it possible to update and improve both contours of the assessment of scientific organizations in Russia. The importance of regular retrospective reflection on the experience, procedures and results of assessing organizations is emphasized, which is necessary for the systematic development of this system at the next stages.
External-beam neutron therapy: the first domestic medical unit
Authors: Mardynsky Yu. S. , Gulidov I. A. , Gordon K. B. , Кoryakin S. N. , Solovyov А. N. , Saburov V. О. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin А. D. , Lobzhanidze Т. K. , Маrkov N. V. , Zheleznov I. М. , Yurkov D. I. , Gerasimchuk О. A. , Presnyakov А. Y. , Zverev V. I. , Smirnov V. P.
Published: July 2024

Modern radiotherapy, employing traditional linear accelerators, has nearly reached its apex in terms of efficacy in treating oncological diseases. The challenge before researchers in the field of implementing cutting-edge technologies pertains to the utilization of fundamentally different therapeutic approaches, one of which is remote neutron therapy. Its salient advantages include an increased relative biological effectiveness of radiation, while the complexities of implementing specific technological solutions encompass forming a beam of the required geometry and spectral characteristics.
The article delineates the key milestones in the development of the usage of fast neutron beams for remote radiotherapy, a general description of the neutron therapy complex and its primary structural components is also presented. These are currently being developed as an innovative, mass-producible medical project.
Regional Paleogene Stratigraphic Scheme of Kaliningrad Oblast: State of the Art, Problems and Perspectives for Improvement
Authors: Iakovleva A. I.
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the current state of knowledge of the Paleogene stratigraphy of the Kaliningrad Oblast, discusses the age of local stratigraphic units and the volume of possible breaks in sedimentation, and sets trends for future regional studies of the Paleogene. The Paleocene Chistoozerskaya and Lubava formations both probably correspond to the Danian–Selandian by the foraminifer data, but their relationship is not definitely clear. The Zaostrovskaya Formation is suggested to be corresponding to the upper Thanetian, but its paleontological characteristics are very poor. The Sambian Formation corresponds to the Ypresian by foraminifers, but its exact stratigraphical interval is still not clear enough. The Alka Formation is presumably dated by the late Lutetian–early Bartonian. An updated after dinocyst study age of the Prussian Formation denotes early–late Priabonian. The newly deined by dinocyst study age of the Palvé Formation falls to the latest Priabonian. The Kurshskaya Formation corresponds to the uppermost Eocene– Oligocene–?lower Miocene. The problem of the presence and duration of hiatuses between formations remains relevant.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Orang Tua dengan Karies Molar Satu Permanen pada Anak Usia 9-12 Tahun
Authors: Amalia Yuanita , Amperawati Metty , Isnawati  , Nurwati Bunga
Published: July 2024

Prevalensi karies gigi pada usia 6 tahun yang telah mengalami karies pada gigi molar permanen sebanyak 20%, dan meningkat 60% pada usia 8 tahun, 85% pada 10 tahun dan 90% pada usia 12 tahun dimana usia tersebut merupakan usia anak sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan orang tua tentang pertumbuhan gigi dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen pada anak usia 9-12 tahun di  MIS Raudhatul Jannah Martapura. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei analitik. Jumlah sampel 33 responden dengan teknik total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan pengetahuan orang tua tentang pertumbuhan gigi sebagian besar kurang baik (54,5%), karies molar satu permanen sebagian besar tinggi (54,5%). Uji statistik dengan Chi Square didapatkan ρ > α (0,970 > 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian tidak ada hubungan antara  pengetahuan orang tua tentang pertumbuhan gigi dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen pada anak usia 9-12 tahun di MIS Raudhatul Jannah Martapura.
A Systematic Review of Antibiotic Use in Humans in Nigeria and Its Potential Contribution to Rising Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Egwuenu Abiodun , Olayinka Adebola , Olayinka Busayo , Apeji Yoni , Abayomi Olufemi , Ogunniyi Biodun , Omotayo Hamzat , Obasanya Joshua , Aboderin Oladipo , Okeke Iruka , Ihekweazu Chikwe
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: The value of medicines is lost when these resources are not used rationally. Out of 12 developing countries, Nigeria has the third highest percentage of antibiotic prescriptions, at 48%. Antibiotic misuse results in limited efficacy of antibiotics, which can lead to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We conducted systematic review to synthesise the evidence on antibiotic use in humans in Nigeria.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of medicine use behaviour by patients and prescription behaviour by health workers, which were searched for in articles published in English from 2000 to 2017. Data was entered into purpose-built templates. Key quantitative indicators were extracted and summarised as frequencies and proportions, while free-text responses were synthesised.

RESULTS: The systematic review determined that the median prevalence of persons using antibiotics without prescription is 46.7%. The drivers of irrational antibiotic use included poor regulation of medicines and premises, a chaotic medicine distribution system, limited licensed medicine prescribers, over-the-counter (OTC) sales of antibiotics, patients’ demand for antibiotics, and access to health insurance.

DISCUSSION: Irrational antibiotic use is widespread in humans and animals. We recommend that the government enforce regulations on antibiotic sales to humans and animals and increase awareness of irrational antibiotic use and AMR in Nigerian communities through a whole-of-society approach. The collated information was used to develop a National Action Plan on AMR in 2017.
Tecnología para todas las edades: Guía para adultos mayores sobre el uso de teléfonos inteligentes y redes sociales
Authors: Gatica Chandía Karina
Published: July 2024

Durante las últimas décadas la población de personas mayores en Chile ha ido en aumento, dando cuenta así de un crecimiento sostenido en la esperanza de vida. Este escenario nos convoca a potenciar el conocimiento en aspectos gerontológicos y generar espacios para este colectivo que, desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos, favorezca su ejercicio y les haga partícipes activamente para la mejora de su calidad de vida. Por otro lado, el escenario de la emergencia mundial por covid ha puesto de manifiesto la relevancia de contar con vías alternativas de comunicación que favorezcan el capital social de la población. Si bien, durante estos últimos años, especialmente a partir de la pandemia, el uso de internet y los aparatos tecnológicos en personas mayores se hizo mucho más frecuente, aún existe una importante brecha digital que requiere de propuestas de formación en alfabetización digital. Este libro se propone como un aporte que espera contribuir a fortalecer el acceso a formación en tecnologías para personas mayores, incorporando aspectos básicos del uso de teléfonos inteligentes y redes sociales que favorecen los vínculos sociales de las personas mayores, así como también entretienen, informan y facilitan la realización de ciertas tareas en su vida cotidiana.
A Literature Review of Technology NFT: Potential Investment, Safety Transaction and Regulations in Indonesia Case
Authors: Nadya Ninin , Putra Yuniarti Hidayah Suyoso
Published: July 2024

The Non-Fungible Token was first published in 2014, but studies exploring accounting and regulatory considerations regarding Non-Fungible Token are still limited, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to uncover opportunities, challenges, regulations, and accounting considerations in Non-Fungible Token. The research method used is qualitative research with a literature review approach. The data was collected from four databases to search for papers published from 2018 to 2022 with the help of Publish or Perish, and Mendeley software. The data analysis technique was carried out by following the analytical procedure of Miles & Huberman (1994), and using Vos Viewer software to map and visualize the themes. The results of the mapping based on the determined keywords described the relationship between Non-Fungible Token and various aspects. Non-Fungible Token has potential prospects in the future, but also has an impact that cannot be ignored. Strong regulation enable to reduce the negative skepticism and impact towards Non-Fungible Token
The Efficiency of Bookkeeping Financial Transactions in The Preparation of Financial Reports the Ward Financial Institution Patihan Manguharjo District Madiun City
Authors: Wiwoho Rino
Published: July 2024

At the end of each quarter and at the end of each year The Ward Financial Institution (TWFI) Patihan is obliged to submit financial reports to the Madiun City Government through the relevant offices. Financial reports are submitted in printed form. Making TWFI financial reports is seen as inefficient. Recording of financial transactions still uses a single-entry system. Some financial records that are not really needed must still be attached to the financial statements. The system for recording financial transactions that is deemed necessary to be implemented at TWFI Patihan is a double entry system. In this study, the Microsoft Office Excel application was used. All the required accounts are poured into sheets, one account per sheet, like a ledger. Each account displays its balance. Each balance of the account is linked to balance sheet, Income Statement, statement of equity and Cash Flow. Every time there is a new transaction and it has been recorded in both debit and credit accounts, the value of the account in the financial statements will also change. The results of the study show that recording financial transactions with a double entry system is more appropriate for TWFI. Reporting to the Madiun City Government can be submitted in one file which includes all accounts with their balances and the required financial statements. TWFI management needs to improve skills in recording every transaction with a double entry system.
Pengaruh Kemampuan Prajurit dan Peralatan Korps Marinir terhadap Operasi Tanggap Darurat Penanggulangan Bencana Alam
Authors: Erfianto Donny , Purnomo Suci , Kurniawan M Taufik
Published: July 2024

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara di Asia yang rentan terhadap bencana, baik bencana alam maupun non alam. Dalam melaksanakan penanggulangan bencana sering dijumpai berbagai kendala, salah satunya adalah keterlambatan penanggulangan bencana yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba. Kemampuan prajurit Korps Marinir dalam penanggulangan bencana selama ini masih berdasarkan pengalaman saat tergabung dalam gugus tugas operasi tanggap darurat di daerah dan belum memiliki keterampilan atau pendidikan khusus dari Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) baik pusat maupun daerah. Selain kemampuan prajurit Korps Marinir, ada faktor lain yang menyebabkan kurang maksimalnya operasi tanggap darurat, yakni alat atau perlengkapan. Berdasarkan pengalaman dan observasi lapangan, terdapat permasalahan yang perlu dikaji lebih dalam terkait kemampuan prajurit dan peralatan Korps Marinir dalam melaksanakan operasi tanggap darurat bencana alam. Kemampuan prajurit dan perlengkapan Korps Marinir yang belum optimal menyebabkan operasi tanggap darurat bencana alam tidak dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan prajurit dan peran Korps Marinir dalam operasi tanggap darurat bencana alam. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan software SPSS 27. Kegiatan analisis data penelitian kuantitatif meliputi pengolahan data dan penyajian data, melakukan perhitungan untuk mendeskripsikan data dan melakukan pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji statistik. Analisis data menggunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji signifikansi parsial (uji t), dan uji signifikansi simultan (uji f). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh terhadap kemampuan prajurit dalam tanggap operasi tanggap darurat bencana alam, terdapat pengaruh perlengkapan korps marinir dalam operasi tanggap darurat hingga penanggulangan bencana alam, dan terdapat pengaruh terhadap kemampuan prajurit. dan perlengkapan korps marinir pada operasi tanggap darurat bencana alam. Rekomendasi peneliti adalah melaksanakan peningkatan kapasitas prajurit agar memiliki standarisasi kemampuan profesional yang lebih baik dan melaksanakan pelatihan khusus penanggulangan bencana alam secara bertahap, bertahap dan terus menerus untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya.
The Influence of the Shadow Economy of Ukraine on Macroeconomic Indicators and Economic Security of the State
Authors: Miroshnychenko Inga ,   Flight Academy of the National Aviation University, Vasylenko Dmytro , Nikolaiev Ihor ,   Private Enterprise "NVTS",   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: July 2024

The article examines the influence of the domestic shadow economy on the main macroeconomic indicators of the state's development, and offers proposals for reducing the volume and level of the shadow economy of Ukraine. It systematizes scientific approaches to the essence and factors of economic shadowing and economic security. The study examines the experience of international organizations aimed at combating money laundering. It is revealed that the shadow economy of the country, in the conditions of globalization, is one of the significant exogenous factors influencing the economic security of the state. Most European countries, including Ukraine, use Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an indicator of the volume of national production and the economic well-being of society. The article highlights the dynamics of GDP and the level of the shadow sector of the economy as a percentage of Ukraine's GDP over the entire period of the country's independence. Obtaining clear, reliable, and well-founded data on the volumes of the shadow economy allows developing well-reasoned measures to strengthen the economic security of the state. The implementation of measures aimed at strengthening the economic security of the state is primarily based on the development and implementation of effective legislative acts to counteract the shadowing of the economy. These measures should provide a reduction in the tax burden, the creation of more favorable conditions for legal work, the establishment of a system to counteract the legalization of criminally obtained income, the implementation of effective financial control, and the creation of liberal conditions in the legal economy. To overcome the negative trends caused by a state of war, there is a need to develop an adequate mechanism to reduce the volumes and level of the domestic shadow economy. This mechanism should not only allow the country to quickly adapt to the modern changing environment but also contribute to the resolution of national security issues. Addressing this task necessitates the development of a set of practical recommendations for reducing absolute and relative levels of economic shadowing and, based on this, strengthening the country's economic security. In this regard, the authors have developed a multi-level model for reducing the volumes and level of the shadow economy by improving methodological approaches to the management of this process at the regional, national (state), intergovernmental, and global levels.
Лингвомәдени білім мен деректерді лингвистикалық зерттеулер және филологтарды оқыту барысында қолдану
Authors: Бакытжанова А.К. , Жанжигитов С.Ж.
Published: July 2024

Мақала лингвомәдени білім мен лингвомәдени деректерділингвистикалық зерттеулер жүргізу және болашақ филологтарды (лингвист-педагогтер мен лингвист-зерттеушілерді) оқыту барысында ескерілетін маңыздықағидаттар мен міндеттерді зерделеуге, лингвомәдениеттану ғылымыныңмаңызды категорияларын лингвомәдени білім ретінде қалыптастыру қажеттілігіннегізгі тұжырымдар ретінде ұсынуға арналады. Мақаланың тұжырымдарықазіргі кәсіби білім беру және лингвистикалық білім беру салалары үшінмаңызды, себебі болашақ тілшілерді (педагогтер мен зерттеушілерді) танымдық-аксиологиялық білім беру мазмұнында дайындауға бағдарлайды.Мақаланың басты мақсаты – болашақ филологтарды (тілшілерді) педагогикалыққызметке және лингвистикалық зерттеулерге кәсіби дайындау барысындалингвомәдени білім мен лингвомәдени деректердің қолданылу қағидаттарынжәне аксиологиялық мәнін ашып, лингвомәдениеттану ғылымының осыбағыттағы категорияларын зерделеу. Ол үшін келесі зерттеу міндеттеріалға тартылды: «лингвомәдениеттану» ұғымын ғылыми тұрғыдан нақтылау;лингвомәдениеттану ғылымының негізгі тұжырымдарын, қағидаттарын талдау,сипаттау және бағалау; лингвомәдени білім мен лингвомәдени деректертуралы тұжырым қалыптастыру; тіл мен мәдениет мәселесіне қатысты негізгікатегориялар мен бірліктерді топтастыру, типологиялық талдау жасау;болашақ филологтарға (тілшілерге) кәсіби лингвистикалық білім берудебасшылыққа алынатын педагогикалық және лингводидактикалық міндеттердіңбайланысын айқындау; лингвомәдени білімнің құндылығы мен мәнін анықтау;болашақ филологтарды оқыту үдерісінде қалыптастыруға қажет лингвомәдениқұзыреттіліктер мазмұнын сипаттау.Зерттеу міндеттерін жүзеге асыру үшін келесі әдіс-тәсілдер қолданылды –теориялық тұжырымдар қалыптастыру үшін шолу, сипаттау, талдау, сұрыптау,жүйелеу, топтастыру, талқылау, болжау, салыстыру, дәйектеу сияқты жалпығылыми әдістер кеңінен қолданылды. Лингвомәдени білім мен лингвомәденидеректерді зерделеу үшін лингвистикалық зерттеу әдістері қолданылды, олар– типологиялық әдіс, семантикалық әдіс, лингвокогнитологиялық талдау,модельдеу.
Тілдік медиацияның түрлері мен фунционалдық өрісі
Authors: Закиряева Г.С. , Жиренов С.А.
Published: July 2024

Мақалада тілге тән қызметтің жеке бір түрі болып табылатын тілдік медиация туралы мәселелер қарастырылады. Жалпы ғылымдағы «медиация» – екі тараптың ынтымақтастығына негізделген қарым-қатынас. Қарым-қатынас барысында туындаған қиындықтарды, кикілжіңдерді, түсініспеушіліктерді шешу кезінде медиацияны сәтті қолдану қарым-қатынас жасау мәдениетін жақсартуға ықпал етеді. Бұл тақырып қазіргі шетел лингвистері арасында кеңінен талқыланып жүр. Десе де қазақ тіл білімінде әлі қарастырылмаған тың тақырып, демек, өзектілігі де осында. Тілдік медиацияға негізделген зерттеу жұмысында«медиация» терминінің нені білдіретіні, оның түрлері туралы түсінік беріледі.Күнделікті өмірден, мерзімді баспасөз беттерінен алынған мысалдарды талдауарқылы терминнің тілімізде қандай қызмет атқаратынын ашып-көрсетуге бағытталады. Медиация тұлғааралық қарым-қатынастың (интеракцияның) бір түрі, сол сияқты ол бейинтерактивті де болуы мүмкін. Мұндай жағдайда оның мақсаты ақпаратты коммуникатордан реципиентке беру (кері байланыссыз) болып табылады. Бұл терминнің мәнін ашу мақсатында әдебиеттерге шолу жасаған кезде медиация туралы айтылған шетелдік, отандық ғылыми еңбектерден алынған анықтамалар, пікірлер сұрыпталып, жүйелі түрде беріледі. Мақалада жинақтау, топтастыру, сұрыптау, талдау, салыстыру әдістері қолданылады.Жоғарыда атап өткендей, бұл тақырып отандық лингвистика тұрғысынан әлізерттеу объектісі болмағандықтан, көбіне шетелдік ғалымдардың еңбектеріндеқарастырылған теориялық тұжырымдар мен практикалық түсіндірмелер негізгеалынады.
KORELASI PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS LITERASI NUMERASI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII SMP MIFTAHUS SA’ADAH TARUM KABUPATEN NGAWI TAHUN 2022
Authors: Nisa Izzatul Choiru , Astuti Indra Puji , Lusiana Restu
Published: July 2024

Many factors that affect learning achievement include intelligence, interest and attention, motivation to learn, learning mathematics based on numeracy literacy, perseverance, attitude, study habits, as well as physical and health conditions. Learning mathematics based on numeracy literacy is one of the important factors to improve learning achievement. This study aims to determine the relationship between mathematics learning based on numeracy literacy and student achievement. This research is a quantitative research using a survey method with a correlational approach. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling on all seventh grade students of SMP Miftahus Sa'adah Tarum. Data collection methods used in this study are tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The researcher uses the analysis prerequisite test, namely normality test, homogeneity test, linearity test and hypothesis testing, namely product moment correlation to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between mathematics learning based on numeracy literacy on the learning achievement of seventh grade students of SMP Miftahus Sa'adah Tarum, with r = 0.48 and tcount>ttable , namely 3.09 > 2.06.
Analisis Literasi Matematika Mahasiswa Calon Guru SD
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati
Published: July 2024

Mathematical literacy skills are important to master at this time. Mathematical literacy can help solve real world problems more easily and can compare the various kinds of benefits we will get. Of course mastery is not easy to master just like that without being studied in the world of education. One way is by preparing qualified human resources. Related to this, it is necessary to prepare prospective teachers who have good mathematical literacy as well. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach that aims to describe the mathematical literacy of elementary school teacher candidates in which the results of this study are expected to be able to provide input for the development of teaching materials. Data collection was carried out using test and interview methods. The research results obtained were that subjects with high mathematical literacy were able to fulfill all indicators well, while subjects with medium and low abilities were able to fulfill all indicators but there were still errors in the application of concepts and calculations.
Effects of Different Levels of Feed Restriction on Nitrogen Intake and Excretion from Male Bean Goats in Tropical Areas
Authors: Tahuk Paulus Klau
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to determine the intake and nitrogen excretion of male Peanut goats fed different feed restrictions. The study was conducted for three months at the livestock experimental barn of the Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Health, University of Timor, in Kefamenanu, North Central Timor District, Indonesia. A total of 9 (nine) male Kacang goats with initial body weights ranging from 9 to 13 kg and ages between 12 to 14 months were divided into three groups, each representing a different treatment. The animals were given 3 (three) treatments, each treatment T0: goats without feed restriction; T1: goats were given 100% feed restriction according to basic living needs; and T2: goats were restricted to feed only 50% of basic living needs. The results showed that the average nitrogen consumption of each treatment was T1 at 3.50 g/head/day, T1 at 3.09 g/head/day, and T2 treatment at 3.24 g/head/day. Fecal nitrogen excretion of T0 treatment was 1.24 g/head/day; T1 treatment was 1.61 g/head/day, and T2 treatment was 1.77 g/head/day. While the urinary nitrogen excretion of each treatment was T0 treatment of 0.35 g/head/day, T1 treatment of 0.64 g/head/day, and T2 treatment of 1.09 g/head/day, it can be concluded that feed restriction can reduce nitrogen consumed compared to animals that receive normal feed. In contrast, nitrogen excreted through feces and urine increased in livestock that experienced feed restriction of 100% of the basic diet and 50% of the basic diet.
Impact of Incorporating White Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Chicken Meatball Formulation on Moisture Content and Sensory Properties
Authors: Irsalina Dwi Meiliany
Published: July 2024

Avenue for reducing meat consumption in chicken meatballs. This research aimed to assess the impact of incorporating oyster mushrooms on both the moisture content and sensory properties of meatballs. The study involved four treatment groups, each with varying proportions of chicken meat and oyster mushrooms: P1 (100% chicken meat: 0% oyster mushrooms), P2 (90% chicken meat: 10% oyster mushrooms), P3 (80% chicken meat: 20% oyster mushrooms), and P4 (70% chicken meat: 30% oyster mushrooms). Notably, the research findings demonstrated that the addition of oyster mushrooms significantly influenced moisture content and organoleptic characteristics. The resulting moisture content met quality standards for combined meatballs. Furthermore, sensory testing revealed that meatball formulation P1 (100% chicken meat: 0% oyster mushrooms) yielded the highest sensory value compared to formulations with 10%, 20%, and 30% oyster mushroom additions.
Analisis Raw Material Inventory pada UMKM Charu Dhatri Kota Madiun
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Putri , Isnaini Wildanul , Adi Kusuma Yudha
Published: July 2024

UMKM Charu Dhatri Kota Madiun merupakan usaha yang bergerak di bidang  industri kreatif dengan bahan baku dari karung goni. UMKM Charu Dhatri Kota Madiun ini memiliki perhitungan bahan baku yang belum terstruktur secara rinci dan baik. Penelitian ini diawali dengan meramalkan dengan metode Time series untuk menentukan permintaan. Dengan metode Winter’s Exponential Smoothing dengan hasil pada Grocery Bag (5,21), Tas Custom (6,64), dan Dompet Custom (2,01). Frekuensi pembelian bahan baku pada UMKM Charu Dhatri Kota Madiun dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dengan hasil pada Grocery Bag (25 m) dengan hasil frekuensi pemesanan 5 kali dalam setahun dan nilai Safety Stock (22 m), Tas Custom (46 m) dengan frekuensi pemesanan 9 kali dengan nilai Safety Stock (20m), dan Dompet Custom (14 m) dengan frekuensi pemesanan 3 kali dan Safety Stock senilai (6 m). Menentukan kapan seharusnnya UMKM Charu Dhatri Kota Madiun melakukan pemesanan kembali dengan metode Re Order Point (ROP) dengan hasil pada Grocery bag (24 m), Tas Custom (22 m), dan Dompet Custom (8 m). Sehingga kesimpulan dari penelitian ini dengan adanya perhitungan peramalan, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Frequensy, Safety Stock, serta Re Order Point (ROP) sangat membantu UMKM Charu Dhatri untuk memenuhi permintaan produk dari konsumen.
Usulan Perbaikan Layout Gudang PT. XYZ Menggunakan Metode CBS
Authors: Santoso Fajar Dwi , Prasetyo Rian , Lestari Mathilda Sri
Published: July 2024

PT. XYZ adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak dalam bidang pembuatan mesin conveyor dari berbagai jenis. Dimana sebelum komponen tersebut dilakukan proses fabrikasi maka terlebih dahulu disimpan di gudang. Komponen tersebut dengan jumlah keseluruhan 8957 untuk komponen mekanik sedangkan komponen elektrik 188. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan usulan perbaikan tata letak gudang PT. XYZ dengan menggunkan metode class based. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode class based storage dengan membuat tatanan komponen berdasarkan dari jenis dan ukuran dari suatu pengelompokan. Desain gudang usulan yang paling optimal dari perhitungan utilitas dan rectilinier. Selisih dari gudang saat ini dengan gudang usulan lantai 1 untuk utilitas mengalami peningkatan sebesar 12.03% dan perhitungan rectilinier mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,6%. Sedangkan gudang saat ini lantai 2 dengan gudang usulan lantai 2 utilitas sebesar 0,05% dan perhitungan rectilinier sebesar 5,94%.
Optimasi Rute Distribusi Pengiriman Bahan Bakar Minyak Dengan Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Hartanti Sri
Published: July 2024

Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) menjadi salah satu kebutuhan sehari-hari yang harus terpenuhi sebab digunakan untuk kepentingan transportasi. Adanya peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor mengakibatkan kenaikan permintaan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM), salah satunya di Kabupaten XYZ. Kelancaran distribusi menjadi salah kunci ketersediaan kapasitas Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) di Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU). Banyaknya titik Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU) yang harus dikunjungi menimbulkan waktu tempuh total pengiriman menjadi lebih lama. Maka perlu membuat rute yang optimal agar meminimalkan total jarak tempuh. Kelancaran dan ketepatan waktu pengiriman ini dipengaruhi oleh rute dan jarak tempuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyelesaikan permasalahan Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) untuk penentuan rute distribusi BBM agar dapat meminimalkan total jarak tempuh Tanker Truck, menggunakan software Python. Asumsi dan Batasan penelitian ini diantaranya, jumlah permintaan yang berbeda di setiap titik Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU), jumlah depot, dalam hal ini Terminal Bahan Bakar Minyak (TBBM) Pertamina berjumlah 1, dan titik Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU) yang akan dituju disesuaikan dengan node yang tersedia pada openstreetmap. Rute yang dihasilkan merupakan rute optimal yang dapat dilalui dari Pertamina ke titik-titik SPBU di Kabupaten XYZ. Total jarak yang tempuh terpendek yang dapat dilalui oleh Tanker Truck adalah 62.912m atau sejauh 62,9km dengan membawa BBM sebesar 31.000liter untuk 7 titik SPBU tersebut
Crime Rate Prediction System -An Experiment with Denver Crime Dataset Using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Biralatei Fawei  , Anderline Amaogbo  , Biriyai Diripigi Okolai
Published: July 2024

In recent years the nation Nigeria has experienced an increasing rate of criminality in the six geopolitical zones. Different crimes ranging from kidnapping, herdsmen attack, banditry, killings and so on. These activities have generated fear in the minds of the citizens thereby disrupting individuals, communities and their economic activities. This has affected both foreign and local investors in investing in the state. The overall effect on the socio-economic growth of the nation is unbearable. This paper presents a supervised machine learning technique for crime prediction using the Random Forest classifier algorithm and visualisation on the Denver crime dataset. The Denver crime dataset was used in this research due to its completeness and the lack of comprehensive dataset in the Nigerian police department. The prediction classification applied in this piece of work was based on the most frequent crime type, hotspot and crime count. The finding shows that the year 2022 experienced more crime related issues and theft crime was observed to be the highest while District 3 and 6 were seen as crime hotspots.
Study of the antmicrobial action and disinfecting properties of the hypochloritic acid solution obtained by the electrolysis method
Authors: Brezvyn O. M. , Kotsiumbas I. Ya. , Hyrenko D. V. , Luk'yanenko T. V. , Shmychkova O. B. , Dmitrikova L. V. , Velichenko O. B.
Published: July 2024

The article presents the materials for the study of the antimicrobial action against the test strains of microorganisms: E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, C. albicans, as well as the disinfecting properties of hypochlorite acid (HClO), obtained by the electrolysis method. It has been established that hypochlorous acid exhibits pronounced bactericidal, sporicidal, and fungicidal effects, has multifunctional and long-term activity against various bacteria and fungi, and is safe for the environment. The conducted studies established that the effectiveness of the antimicrobial action of hypochlorous acid depended on the type of microorganisms, concentration, and duration of exposure. The minimum bactericidal concentration of hypochlorous acid for E. coli and P. aeruginosa was 100 mg/l; for S. aureus and the yeast-like fungus C. albicans, it was at the level of 150 mg/l. The product under study showed bactericidal activity against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and C. albicans at a concentration of 500 mg/l after exposure for 30 minutes. Under the presence of a protein load, the ability of hypochlorous acid to disinfect an object from spore-forming microorganisms B. subtilis at the level of 2.8 lg was confirmed. At the same time, the obtained results indicated the absence of a linear relationship between the amount of organic load and sporicidal activity. To achieve a 100% fungicidal effect against A. niger in the presence of a protein load, the concentration of the tested agent should not be less than 700 mg/l, and the contact time should not be less than 3 hours. The use of HOCl, obtained by electrolysis, as a veterinary remedy is effective, as it has a high safety profile and a favorable therapeutic index and mimics the reaction of the immune system of animals to invasive microorganisms. Namely, it affects the microbial cell's physicochemical processes, disrupts the plasma membrane's permeability, and interferes with its normal functioning, which in turn leads to inhibition of activity or death in general. HOCl is one of the few substances of natural origin that is safe for humans and animals and lethal to almost all known pathogens.
Biochemical parameters of blood internally during trichurosis invasion
Authors: Mykhailiutenko E. V. , Kruchynenko O. V.
Published: July 2024

Many papers have been published on the spread of invasive diseases, but few cover the impact of parasites on the organism of the definitive host. It is known that blood tests provide a lot of information about the general health of animals. Reference values for blood tests have been established to interpret deviations from physiological parameters. A biochemical study will allow to assess the level of functioning of internal organs (liver, kidneys, pancreas, etc.) under helminth parasitism; to obtain information on metabolism (metabolism of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates); to determine the body's need for trace elements. Therefore, the study aimed to determine changes in blood serum biochemical parameters in nutria with trichuria. The study was conducted in the Dokuchaevsky Hunter, Poltava region, in autumn 2023. The article presents the results of biochemical parameters of blood serum of male nutria infected with Trichuris myocastoris in the chronic course of the disease. The mechanical, trophic, toxic, inoculatory, and allergic effects of nematodes on the organism of Myocastor coypus are reflected in the obtained indicators. Thus, the serum of the semi-aquatic rodent increased total protein content by 7.49 %. In the case of parasitism in nutria of Trichuris myocastoris, the total bilirubin increased to 6.38 μmol/l due to direct bilirubin (2.63 μmol/l). In the presence of a pathological process in the body of nutria caused by the circulation of the pathogen, the qualitative and quantitative composition of enzymes in the blood changed. The results indicate that in the case of spontaneous trichuria infection of nutria, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum of infected rodents differ significantly from those of healthy animals. At the same time, the serum of the semi-aquatic rodent has a significantly increased content of creatinine by 31.03 %, urea by 42.12 %, and uric acid by 35.9 %. Since some researchers believe that cholesterol may play a role in the pathogenesis, we analyzed this indicator. It should be noted that cholesterol levels increased by 13.54 %. The concentration of triglycerides tended to increase, but there was no reliable confirmation. A deepening of pathological changes accompanies the localization of the pathogen in the body, so a decrease in the amount of inorganic phosphorus to 2.02 mmol/l was noted. The results of the analysis indicate a long-term inflammatory process in the body of nutria.
Educing the toxicity of multimodal anesthesia components in cats with polytrauma
Authors: Rybachuk Zh. V. , Deynega A. S.
Published: July 2024

The impact of three-component multimodal anesthesia (Zoletil-Sevoflurane-Lidocaine – ZSL) on the body of cats with polytrauma was studied. An analysis was conducted on changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature, red and white blood cell count, hemoglobin content, and leukogram indices before and after ZS or ZSL anesthesia and 24 hours post-application in cats with multiple injuries. Two groups of cats (n = 6) with symptoms of polytrauma (without signs of massive internal bleeding and open fractures), weighing up to 3.5 kg, aged 2 to 3.5 years, were formed for controlled randomized studies. Cats in the control group received Zoletil-Sevoflurane (ZS), while the experimental group received ZSL. The dosage of Zoletil and Sevoflurane was administered according to approved instructions, and a 2 % lidocaine solution was administered intravenously along with a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution, calculated at 20 mcg/kg/hours for an injured cat. Clinical observation of animals in both groups was conducted continuously. Hematological studies were conducted before general anesthesia and 24 hours later. In the initial clinical study, the HR, RR, and body temperature indices were almost identical, confirming the same intensity of the pain syndrome. After 24 hours of applying multimodal anesthesia, the aforementioned average indices in the experimental group (received ZSL) were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) lower: HR 123.7 ± 1.4 bpm compared to 130.2 ± 1.2 bpm (ZS), RR 18.7 ± 0.2 breaths/min compared to 21.3 ± 0.6 breaths/min (ZS), attributed to the reduction of nociceptive pain intensity due to the pharmacological action of lidocaine hydrochloride. The average indices of red and white blood cell counts and hemoglobin content in cats upon admission to the veterinary clinic were identical and lower than reference values, explained by blood loss. In the experimental group (ZSL), after 24 hours, a significant (P ≤ 0.001) increase in hemoglobin (100.1 ± 0.65 g/l) was recorded compared to 91.7 ± 0.76 g/l (ZS) and a decrease in white blood cell count 19.4 ± 0.3 G/l (ZSL) compared to 30.5 ± 0.9 G/l (ZS). In the leukogram of cats additionally receiving lidocaine, a threefold increase in eosinophils (3 ± 0.63 % compared to 1 ± 0.36 % in the control), absence of juvenile neutrophils (1.3 ± 0.21 % in the control), significant (P ≤ 0.001) reduction in band neutrophils (18 ± 0.76 % compared to 31.3 ± 0.76 % – ZS), increase in lymphocytes (23.3 ± 1.1 % compared to 13.7 ± 0.21 % in the control), and increase in monocytes (20 ± 7 % compared to 10.7 ± 0.21 % in animals that received ZS) were recorded. This indicates enhanced phagocytosis and immune response in accidental injuries. Thus, the inclusion of lidocaine hydrochloride in the composition of multimodal general anesthesia for cats with polytrauma ensures the blocking of nociceptive receptors and stimulates reparative processes in damaged tissues.
Effect of Chitosan Addition on Porosity of Rice Husk Calcium Silicate Used for Free Fatty Acid Adsorbent from Palm Oil
Authors: Lumban Raja Saur , Butarbutar Olwin
Published: July 2024

Studies have been done on developing calcium silicate pores derived from rice husk with and without including chitosan as a template. The chitosan solution was supplemented with sodium silicate derived from rice husk, and then CaCl2 was added. The calcium silicate was calcinated at 900ºC for 4 h. The calcium silicate obtained was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)  analysis. The XRD analysis showed the presence of diffraction peaks corresponding to Wollastonite (CaSiO3) crystals, Wollastonite 2m (CaSiO3), Alite (Ca3SiO5), and larnite (Ca2SiO4). Next, the FT-IR spectrum exhibits Si-O-Si, Si-O-Ca, and Si-OH functional groups, suggesting the presence of calcium silicate material. The BET study of calcium silicate using chitosan templates revealed a pore size of 3.88 nm, a pore volume of 0.1577 cc/g, and a surface area of 81.1519 m2/g. The BET analysis results obtained differed from those of the BET analysis of calcium silicate conducted without using chitosan templates, which were 2.06 nm, 0.069 cc/g, and 13.531 m2/g, respectively. The developed mesoporous calcium silicate was employed as an adsorbent to decrease the concentrations of free fatty acids in palm oil. The acid-base titration method is used to evaluate quantities of free fatty acids. The results obtained from the computation of free fatty acid levels indicate a decline in the concentration of free fatty acids in palm oil. The concentration of free fatty acids derived from palm oil was 1.23%. Therefore, mesoporous calcium silicate-free fatty acids at a concentration of 1.06% resulted in an 86.1% reduction.
Implementasi Kebijakan Perizinan Usaha Mikro dan Kecil Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 (Studi Usaha Mikro dan Kecil Topi di Desa Punggul, Kabupaten Sidoarjo)
Authors: Prasiwi Safira Diah , Mursyidah Lailul , Sutanto Slamet Hari
Published: July 2024

Perizinan usaha legalitas diberikan kepada pelaku usaha untuk memulai dan menjalankan usahanya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang implementasi kebijakan perizinan usaha bagi pelaku usaha topi di Desa Punggul Kabupaten Sidoarjo berdasarkan peraturan pemerintah nomor 5 tahun 2021. Masih terdapat banyak pelaku usaha topi yang belum berkembang, karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan perizinan usaha. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif berasal dari dua sumber data yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Penelitian ini ditelaah menggunakan teori Implementasi kebijakan publik yang dikemukakan Edward III. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan masih terdapat kendala dilihat dari indikator sumber daya manusia (pelaku usaha) yang kurang memahami legalitas usaha dan indikator struktur birokrasi yang kurang mendapat dukungan pemerintah desa. Berdasarkan capaian indikator tersebut menjadikan usaha yang dimiliki sulit berkembang.