bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior lens capsule rupture following minor blunt trauma with a past history of minimal change glomerulopathy
Authors: Lau Stephen V Lau V , Kansakar Prerana , Limbu Ben
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Few cases have been reported describing anterior lens capsule ruptures secondary to blunt trauma.Case: We present an unusual case of anterior lens capsule ruptures following minor trauma from a human elbow with a two-year history of minimal-change glomerulopathy in a 17-year-old male. In addition to having bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts, he developed an anterior subcapsular cataract underlying the anterior lens rupture in the right eye. He was managed conservatively.  Observations: The current case differs from those of the existing literature in terms of the characteristics of the physical insult and the eye on presentation. We suggest there could be a predisposing anterior capsule weakness secondary to the minimal-change glomerulopathy or the associated drug therapy, but there needs to be more evidence to confirm or refute our claim.  Conclusions: Anterior lens capsule may rupture following minor trauma on a background of minimal-change glomerulopathy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11714Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (12): 230-233
Bilateral corneal perforation following the use of traditional herbal medicine treated with conjunctival flap
Authors: Naviri Varanisese , Dethlefs Roger
Published: December 2014

Introduction: The harmful effect of the herbal medicine to the eye has not been well reported in the literature.Objective: To report a case of bilateral corneal perforation following the use of traditional herbal medicine treated with conjunctival flap.Case: A 46-year-old Fijian man initially presented with bilateral conjunctivitis, which was thought to be an allergic response to the use of herbal medicine. Vision at initial presentation was normal and he was treated conservatively. Upon review a week later, his vision had decreased to light perception in both eyes. The examination revealed bilateral corneal perforation with iris prolapse, which was then treated with a full thickness conjunctival flap in both eyes in the same sitting. Upon review at 3 weeks of intervention, his vision had improved to hand motions in the right eye and 6/60 in the left. The anterior chamber was formed on both sides.  Conclusion: This case illustrates that the use of herbal medicine can cause corneal melting and subsequently perforations and this can be treated with a conjunctival flap.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i2.11716Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6(12): 237-239
Interview with Guy Delisle
Authors: Kocak Kenan , Delisle Guy
Published: December 2014

Guy Delisle was born in Canada’s Quebec City in 1966. He studied animation at Sheridan College in Oakville, near Toronto, and has worked for animation companies in Canada, France, Germany, China and North Korea. His comics career started at L’Association, where from 1995 onwards he contributed to the French periodical Lapin, whilst also working on the Canadian magazine Spoutnik. Delisle is also an active animator strongly associated with Dupuis-Audiovisuel. He has just finished the third volume of his current series, Le Guide du mauvais père [A Users Guide to Neglectful Parenting], which will be available in January 2015.
Imperial Mobility
Authors: McDonald Kate
Published: December 2014

Histories of modern mobility often assume that modern forms of movement arrived in East Asia as part of a universal process of historical development. This article shows that the valorization of modern mobility in East Asia emerged out of the specific context of Euro-American imperial encroachment and Japanese imperial expansion. Through an examination of the tropes of opening and connecting, the article argues that the mobility of the modern can be understood as an “imperial” mobility in two senses: one, as a key component in European, American, and Japanese arguments for the legitimacy of empire; and two, as a global theory of history that constituted circulation as a measure of historical difference.
Depth Image Coding Using Entropy-Based Adaptive Measurement Allocation
Authors: Bai Huihui , Zhang Mengmeng , Liu Meiqin , Wang Anhong , Zhao Yao
Published: December 2014

Differently from traditional two-dimensional texture images, the depth images of three-dimensional (3D) video systems have significant sparse characteristics under the certain transform basis, which make it possible for compressive sensing to represent depth information efficiently. Therefore, in this paper, a novel depth image coding scheme is proposed based on a block compressive sensing method. At the encoder, in view of the characteristics of depth images, the entropy of pixels in each block is employed to represent the sparsity of depth signals. Then according to the different sparsity in the pixel domain, the measurements can be adaptively allocated to each block for higher compression efficiency. At the decoder, the sparse transform can be combined to achieve the compressive sensing reconstruction. Experimental results have shown that at the same sampling rate, the proposed scheme can obtain higher PSNR values and better subjective quality of the rendered virtual views, compared with the method using a uniform sampling rate.
The Third Law of Galactic Rotation
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: December 2014

I review the connection between dynamics and the baryonic mass distribution in rotationally-supported galaxies. The enclosed dynamical mass-to-light ratio increases with decreasing galaxy luminosity and surface brightness. The correlation with surface brightness appears to be the more fundamental, with the dependence on luminosity following simply from the weaker correlation between luminosity and surface brightness. In addition to this global relation, there is also a local relation between the amplitude of the mass discrepancy and the acceleration predicted by the observed distribution of baryons. I provide an empirical calibration of this mass discrepancy-acceleration relation. The data are consistent with the operation of a singe effective force law in disk galaxies, making this relation tantamount to a natural law. I further provide formulae by which the radial dark matter distribution can be estimated from surface photometry. The form of the dark matter halo depends uniquely on the distribution of baryons in each galaxy and, in general, is neither a cusp nor a core. It remains difficult to see how galaxy formation models can reproduce the observed behavior, which is uniquely predicted by MOND.
The Use of Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) to Identify Osteoclast Defects in Rare Genetic Bone Disorders
Authors: Chen I-Ping
Published: December 2014

More than 500 rare genetic bone disorders have been described, but for many of them only limited treatment options are available. Challenges for studying these bone diseases come from a lack of suitable animal models and unavailability of skeletal tissues for studies. Effectors for skeletal abnormalities of bone disorders may be abnormal bone formation directed by osteoblasts or anomalous bone resorption by osteoclasts, or both. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from somatic cells of various tissue sources and in theory can be differentiated into any desired cell type. However, successful differentiation of hiPSCs into functional bone cells is still a challenge. Our group focuses on the use of human iPSCs (hiPSCs) to identify osteoclast defects in craniometaphyseal dysplasia. In this review, we describe the impact of stem cell technology on research for better treatment of such disorders, the generation of hiPSCs from patients with rare genetic bone disorders and current protocols for differentiating hiPSCs into osteoclasts.
Secocrassumol, a seco-Cembranoid from the Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum
Authors: Cheng Shi-Yie , Wang Shang-Kwei , Duh Chang-Yih
Published: December 2014

Chemical investigations on the Dongsha Atoll soft coral Lobophytum crassum led to the purification of a new seco-cembranoid, secocrassumol. The structural elucidation was established by extensive NMR, HRESIMS and CD data. The absolute configuration at C-12 was determined as S using a modified Mosher’s acylation. Secocrassumol differs from previously known marine seco-cembranoid in that it possesses an unprecedented skeleton functionalized at C11-C12 bond cleavage. Secocrassumol showed antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with an IC50 value of 5.0 μg/mL.
Allosteric Modulation of GABAA Receptors by an Anilino Enaminone in an Olfactory Center of the Mouse Brain
Authors: Heinbockel Thomas , Wang Ze-Jun , Jackson-Ayotunde Patrice
Published: December 2014

In an ongoing effort to identify novel drugs that can be used as neurotherapeutic compounds, we have focused on anilino enaminones as potential anticonvulsant agents. Enaminones are organic compounds containing a conjugated system of an amine, an alkene and a ketone. Here, we review the effects of a small library of anilino enaminones on neuronal activity. Our experimental approach employs an olfactory bulb brain slice preparation using whole-cell patch-clamp recording from mitral cells in the main olfactory bulb. The main olfactory bulb is a key integrative center in the olfactory pathway. Mitral cells are the principal output neurons of the main olfactory bulb, receiving olfactory receptor neuron input at their dendrites within glomeruli, and projecting glutamatergic axons through the lateral olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex. The compounds tested are known to be effective in attenuating pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsions in rodent models. One compound in particular, KRS-5Me-4-OCF3, evokes potent inhibition of mitral cell activity. Experiments aimed at understanding the cellular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect revealed that KRS-5Me-4-OCF3 shifts the concentration-response curve for GABA to the left. KRS-5Me-4-OCF3 enhances GABA affinity and acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors. Application of a benzodiazepine site antagonist blocks the effect of KRS-5Me-4-OCF3 indicating that KRS-5Me-4-OCF3 binds at the classical benzodiazepine site to exert its pharmacological action. This anilino enaminone KRS-5Me-4-OCF3 emerges as a candidate for clinical use as an anticonvulsant agent in the battle against epileptic seizures.
MALDI-TOF and 13C NMR Analysis of Tannin–Furanic–Polyurethane Foams Adapted for Industrial Continuous Lines Application
Authors: Basso Maria , Pizzi Antonio , Lacoste Clement , Delmotte Luc , Al-Marzouki Fahad , Abdalla Soliman , Celzard Alain
Published: December 2014

Mixed phenolic-polyurethane-type rigid foams were developed using tannin-furfuryl alcohol natural materials co-reacted with polymeric isocyanate in the proportions imposed by the limitations inherent to continuous industrial plants for polyurethane foams. A variety of different copolymerization oligomers formed. Urethanes appeared to have been formed with two flavonoid tannin sites, mainly at the flavonoid hydroxyl group at C3, but also, although less, on the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the flavonoid oligomers. Urethanes are also formed with (i) glyoxal in the formulation, be it pre-reacted or not with the tannin; (ii) with phenolsulfonic acid and (iii) with furfural. This latter one, however, greatly favors reaction with the A-ring of the flavonoids through a methylene bridge rather than reaction with the isocyanate groups to form urethanes. All of the materials appeared to have co-reacted in a manner to form urethane and methylene bridges between all of the main components used. Thus, the tannin, the furfuryl alcohol, the isocyanate, the glyoxal and even the phenol sulfonic acid hardener formed a number of mixed species linked by the two bridge types. Several mixed species comprised of 2, 3 and even 4 co-reacted different components have been observed.
Teaching Interdisciplinary Sustainability Science Teamwork Skills to Graduate Students Using In-Person and Web-Based Interactions
Authors: Knowlton Jessie , Halvorsen Kathleen , Handler Robert , O'Rourke Michael
Published: December 2014

Interdisciplinary sustainability science teamwork skills are essential for addressing the world’s most pressing and complex sustainability problems, which inherently have social, natural, and engineering science dimensions. Further, because sustainability science problems exist at global scales, interdisciplinary science teams will need to consist of international members who communicate and work together effectively. Students trained in international interdisciplinary science skills will be able to hit the ground running when they obtain jobs requiring them to tackle sustainability problems. While many universities now have sustainability science programs, few offer courses that are interdisciplinary and international in scope. In the fall semester of 2013, we piloted a course for graduate students entitled “Principles of Interdisciplinary Sustainability Research” at Michigan Technological University. This course was part of our United States National Science Foundation Partnerships in International Research and Education project on bioenergy development impacts across the Americas. In this case study, we describe the course development and implementation, share critical insights from our experience teaching the course and student learning outcomes, and give recommendations for future similar courses.
Development of a Postbasic Critical Care Program for Registered Nurses: A Collaborative Venture Between Education and Practice
Authors: Tobin Brenda
Published: December 2014

This article describes a collaborative venture between nursing education and nursing practice focused on continuing education. A province-wide assessment of the educational needs of registered nurses identified the need to create a critical care education program. A critical care project team was established to develop a Postbasic Critical Care Program for registered nurses. The development of the project team, initiation of the program, and the mutual benefits and challenges posed by this collaborative venture are presented.
Cell cycle checkpoints: methods and protocols
Authors: Redi Carlo Alberto
Published: December 2014

As it is well known at the end of each cell cycle step there are checkpoints to verify that DNA duplication and segregation (among other events) met every requirements before the cell is allowed to proceed to the next step. Multiple signaling molecules, notably cyclins and the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), play major roles in the cell cycle checkpointâ€™s control....
Gene expression profiling: methods and protocols
Authors: Monti Manuela
Published: December 2014

There must be some good reasons to last for a second edition on the very same topic: likely, the topic is crucial to basic and applied science, it is a very rapid evolving topic and there must occurred some breakthroughs meanwhile the two editions. Well, I think that all of these reasons are here to justify this very wellcome second edition of â€œGene expression profilingâ€, a topic that is crucial....
In vivo cellular imaging using fluorescent proteins - Methods and Protocols
Authors: Monti M.
Published: December 2014

The discovery and genetic engineering of fluorescent proteins has revolutionized cell biology. What was previously invisible to the cell often can be made visible with the use of fluorescent proteins. With this words, Robert M. Hoffman introduces In vivo Cellular Imaging Using Fluorescent proteins, the eighteen chapters book dedicated to the description of how fluorescence proteins have changed the way to analyze cellular processes in vivo. Modern researches aim to study new and less invasive methods able to follow the behavior of different cell types in different biological contexts: for example, how cancer cells migrate or how they respond to different therapies. Also, in vivo systems can help researchers to better understand animal embryonic development so as how fluorescence proteins may be used to monitor different processes in living organisms at the molecular and cellular level.
Regenerative medicine and cell therapy
Authors: Redi Carlo Alberto
Published: December 2014

Cell therapies are clinical practices already by decades in fields like blood tumors and severe burns but the term itself when associated with regenerative medicine switch on a cascade of imaginery thoughts that risk to create false hopes; in other words, the imaginary idea that physicians can cure all of the diseases since each day the media report of some very important advance in stem cell biology. This is a mistake, mirrored by the downbeat idea that speculators are pledging false possibilities selling illusions of miracle cures...
Food and oviposition preferences of Diabrotica v. virgifera in multiple-choice crop habitat situations
Authors: Toepfer S. , Zellner M. , Kuhlmann U.
Published: December 2014

Multiple-choice field cage experiments were used to clarify to what extent adults of one of the most destructive maize pest, the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), use non-maize crop habitats as alternative food sources or oviposition sites in situations of non-maize/maize rotations. Between 2009 and 2012, D. v. virgifera adults were released into large walk-in gauze cages each containing different combinations of three out of ten crop habitats in southern Hungary. Maize was planted the following year, allowing the development of larvae and the emergence of adults that were then captured in small cages. Results indicate that the polyphagous nature of D. v. virgifera adults is, under field situations, not as important as often stated. The generational, i.e. annual growth rate of populations, an indicator of crop habitat quality for food and oviposition, appeared highest when the entire multiple-choice cage had been planted with maize (populations nearly doubled). When Sudan grass and Sorghum millet were combined with maize, a slight population grow was still possible. When maize was combined with any other habitat type, populations decreased from year to year, suggesting that non-maize crop habitats are suboptimal, and their role as alternative food sources under field conditions might be overestimated. As for oviposition, also maize was found to be the most attractive. Of medium proportional attractiveness for oviposition were Sorghum millet, Sudan grass, and ploughed bare soil. Harvested and grubbed winter rape with some regrowth, harvested and grubbed or not grubbed winter-wheat with regrowth, and potatoes were comparatively less attractive for oviposition, suggesting that regrowth or volunteer crops play no role for D. v. virgifera. Least suitable were harvested and grubbed peas and soybean. The presence of particular weed species had no detectable influence on oviposition, but vegetation coverage of crops and/or weeds positivity influenced oviposition. In conclusion, there is no indication that the rotation-tolerant D. v. virgifera strain had been introduced from the USA. Crop rotation, no matter what crop combination in an agricultural area, remains an effective control measure for D. v. virgifera populations in Europe, and should be communicated as such by regional or country wide decision makers in agri-policy.
Assessment of Readiness for Clinical Decision Support to Aid Laboratory Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Care at U.S. Liver Transplant Centers
Authors: Weir C. , Evans R. S. , Staes C. , Jacobs J.
Published: December 2014

Background: Following liver transplantation, patients require lifelong immunosuppressive care and monitoring. Computerized clinical decision support (CDS) has been shown to improve post-transplant immunosuppressive care processes and outcomes. The readiness of transplant information systems to implement computerized CDS to support post-transplant care is unknown.

Objectives: a) Describe the current clinical information system functionality and manual and automated processes for laboratory monitoring of immunosuppressive care, b) describe the use of guidelines that may be used to produce computable logic and the use of computerized alerts to support guideline adherence, and c) explore barriers to implementation of CDS in U.S. liver transplant centers.

Methods: We developed a web-based survey using cognitive interviewing techniques. We surveyed 119 U.S. transplant programs that performed at least five liver transplantations per year during 2010–2012. Responses were summarized using descriptive analyses; barriers were identified using qualitative methods.

Results: Respondents from 80 programs (67% response rate) completed the survey. While 98% of programs reported having an electronic health record (EHR), all programs used paper-based manual processes to receive or track immunosuppressive laboratory results. Most programs (85%) reported that 30% or more of their patients used external laboratories for routine testing. Few programs (19%) received most external laboratory results as discrete data via electronic interfaces while most (80%) manually entered laboratory results into the EHR; less than half (42%) could integrate internal and external laboratory results. Nearly all programs had guidelines regarding pre-specified target ranges (92%) or testing schedules (97%) for managing immunosuppressive care. Few programs used computerized alerting to notify transplant coordinators of out-of-range (27%) or overdue laboratory results (20%).

Conclusions: Use of EHRs is common, yet all liver transplant programs were largely dependent on manual paper-based processes to monitor immunosuppression for post-liver transplant patients. Similar immunosuppression guidelines provide opportunities for sharing CDS once integrated laboratory data are available.

Citation: Jacobs J, Weir C, Evans RS, Staes C. Assessment of readiness for clinical decision support to aid laboratory monitoring of immunosuppressive care at U.S. liver transplant centers. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 988–1004

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-08-RA-0060
Hypercalcaemia mimicking Huntington’s disease: lessons learned from delayed diagnosis
Authors: Hrastelj J , McLauchlan D , Rosser A , Clenaghan C
Published: December 2014

Diagnosis can prove challenging when a patient with a chronic neurological disease presents with acute deterioration. This is especially true in Huntington’s disease, where cognitive impairment is prominent. We present a case of hypercalcaemia causing an acute deterioration in physical and cognitive function in a patient with Huntington’s disease. Similarity in clinical phenotype between hypercalcaemia and Huntington’s disease, as well as failure to appreciate the acute nature of the deterioration resulted in diagnostic delay and prolonged admission. With treatment, the patient improved dramatically. The case highlights key learning points regarding assessment of patients with chronic neurological disease.
Evaluación de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los tableros de madera plástica producidos en cuba respecto a los tableros convencionales
Authors: Martínez-López Yonny , Fernández-Concepción Raúl R. , Álvarez-Lazo Daniel A. , García-González Máryuri , Martínez-Rodríguez Emilio
Published: December 2014

Las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los tableros de madera plástica se evaluaron y compararon con los tableros convencionales (tablero de partículas de bagazo de caña, tablero contrachapado y tablero de fibras de bagazo de caña) más utilizados en Cuba. El tablero de madera plástica se elaboró con residuos de la industria forestal (aserrín), residuos industriales (termoplásticos) y aditivos químicos en proporciones de 50, 30 y 20 %, respectivamente; el tablero se obtuvo mediante moldeo por extrusión. Los resultados se analizaron con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y comparaciones múltiples post-hoc DMS de Fisher, para determinar las diferencias con relación a los tableros convencionales. Los resultados indican que las propiedades físicas de los tableros de madera plástica mejoraron con el aumento de la densidad. La absorción de agua e hinchamiento fueron menores respecto a los tableros convencionales, mientras que las propiedades mecánicas (flexión, compresión y tracción) fueron superiores. La tracción, flexión y compresión en los tableros de madera plástica fue estadísticamente similar (P > 0.05) que en los tableros contrachapados. Dadas sus propiedades, se considera que los tableros de madera plástica son capaces de sustituir tanto a los convencionales como a los de madera en condiciones de intemperie.
Correlation studies for B-spline modeled F2 Chapman parameters obtained from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC data
Authors: Limberger M. , Liang W. , Schmidt M. , Dettmering D. , Hernández-Pajares M. , Hugentobler U.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The determination of ionospheric key quantities such as the maximum electron density of the F2 layer NmF2, the corresponding F2 peak height hmF2 and the F2 scale height HF2 are of high relevance in 4-D ionosphere modeling to provide information on the vertical structure of the electron density (Ne). The Ne distribution with respect to height can, for instance, be modeled by the commonly accepted F2 Chapman layer. An adequate and observation driven description of the vertical Ne variation can be obtained from electron density profiles (EDPs) derived by ionospheric radio occultation measurements between GPS and low Earth orbiter (LEO) satellites. For these purposes, the six FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) satellites provide an excellent opportunity to collect EDPs that cover most of the ionospheric region, in particular the F2 layer. For the contents of this paper, F3/C EDPs have been exploited to determine NmF2, hmF2 and HF2 within a regional modeling approach. As mathematical base functions, endpoint-interpolating polynomial B-splines are considered to model the key parameters with respect to longitude, latitude and time. The description of deterministic processes and the verification of this modeling approach have been published previously in Limberger et al. (2013), whereas this paper should be considered as an extension dealing with related correlation studies, a topic to which less attention has been paid in the literature. Relations between the B-spline series coefficients regarding specific key parameters as well as dependencies between the three F2 Chapman key parameters are in the main focus. Dependencies are interpreted from the post-derived correlation matrices as a result of (1) a simulated scenario without data gaps by taking dense, homogenously distributed profiles into account and (2) two real data scenarios on 1 July 2008 and 1 July 2012 including sparsely, inhomogeneously distributed F3/C EDPs. Moderate correlations between hmF2 and HF2 as well as inverse correlations between NmF2 and HF2 are reflected from the simulation. By means of the real data studies, it becomes obvious that the sparse measurement distribution leads to an increased weighting of the prior information and suppresses the parameter correlations which play an important role regarding the parameter estimability. The currently implemented stochastic model is in need of improvement and does not consider stochastic correlations which consequently cannot occur.
Methane and nitrous oxide exchange over a managed hay meadow
Authors: Hörtnagl L. , Wohlfahrt G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) exchange of a temperate mountain grassland near Neustift, Austria, was measured during 2010–2012 over a time period of 22 months using the eddy covariance method. Exchange rates of both compounds at the site were low, with 97% of all half-hourly CH4 and N2O fluxes ranging between ±200 and ±50 ng m−2 s−1, respectively. The meadow acted as a sink for both compounds during certain time periods, but was a clear source of CH4 and N2O on an annual timescale. Therefore, both gases contributed to an increase of the global warming potential (GWP), effectively reducing the sink strength in terms of CO2 equivalents of the investigated grassland site. In 2011, our best guess estimate showed a net greenhouse gas (GHG) sink of −32 g CO2 equ. m−2 yr−1 for the meadow, whereby 55% of the CO2 sink strength of −71 g CO2 m−2 yr−1 was offset by CH4 (N2O) emissions of 7 (32) g CO2 equ. m−2 yr−1. When all data were pooled, the ancillary parameters explained 27 (42)% of observed CH4 (N2O) flux variability, and up to 62 (76)% on shorter timescales in-between management dates. In the case of N2O fluxes, we found the highest emissions at intermediate soil water contents and at soil temperatures close to 0 or above 14 °C. In comparison to CO2, H2O and energy fluxes, the interpretation of CH4 and N2O exchange was challenging due to footprint heterogeneity regarding their sources and sinks, uncertainties regarding post-processing and quality control. Our results emphasize that CH4 and N2O fluxes over supposedly well-aerated and moderately fertilized soils cannot be neglected when evaluating the GHG impact of temperate managed grasslands.
Sensitivity of the Mediterranean sea level to atmospheric pressure and free surface elevation numerical formulation in NEMO
Authors: Oddo P. , Bonaduce A. , Pinardi N. , Guarnieri A.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The sensitivity of the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea to atmospheric pressure and free surface elevation formulation using NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) was evaluated. Four different experiments were carried out in the Mediterranean Sea using filtered or explicit free surface numerical schemes and accounting for the effect of atmospheric pressure in addition to wind and buoyancy fluxes. Model results were evaluated by coherency and power spectrum analysis with tide gauge data. We found that atmospheric pressure plays an important role for periods shorter than 100 days. The free surface formulation is important to obtain the correct ocean response for periods shorter than 30 days. At frequencies higher than 15 days−1 the Mediterranean basin's response to atmospheric pressure was not coherent and the performance of the model strongly depended on the specific area considered. A large-amplitude seasonal oscillation observed in the experiments using a filtered free surface was not evident in the corresponding explicit free surface formulation case, which was due to a phase shift between mass fluxes in the Gibraltar Strait and at the surface. The configuration with time splitting and atmospheric pressure always performed best; the differences were enhanced at very high frequencies.
HIDROGÊNIO UMA FONTE DE ENERGIA PARA O FUTURO
Authors: Cabral Ana Claudia , Pires Frigo Elisandro , Perissato Samara Moreira , De Azevedo Késia Damaris , Pires Frigo Jianice , Bonassa Gabriela
Published: December 2014

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a geração energética do hidrogênio que é representado pelo símbolo H na tabela de elementos químicos, possibilitando analisar as recentes produções. Este elemento é um gás que quando entra em contato com o oxigênio, forma água sendo inflamável. A análise da literatura técnico-científica permitiu verificar que o hidrogênio é uma descoberta recente e promete muito para o futuro próximo a 2030, pois ainda devem-se desenvolver pesquisas voltadas para o armazenamento do hidrogênio para assim fortalecer o próprio.
Clinical Implications of New Drinking Water Regulation for “Forever Chemicals”
Authors: Criswell Rachel , Fleisch Abby F. , Ducatman Alan
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint describes new maximum contaminant levels set by the Environmental Protection Agency for specific perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and discusses the role clinicians can play in addressing their patients’ PFAS health concerns.
Genital Herpes
Authors: Johnston Christine , Wald Anna
Published: August 2024

This JAMA Insights examines the history, diagnosis, prevention, and stigma of genital herpes infection in the US and explores treatments such as suppressive therapy.
Leading Health-Related Concerns of Older Adults Before the 2024 Election
Authors: Ayanian John Z. , Kirch Matthias , Singer Dianne C. , Solway Erica , Roberts J. Scott , Box Nicholas , Kullgren Jeffrey T.
Published: August 2024

This national cohort survey of older adults assesses which health-related concerns they consider to be most salient in the 2024 election.
Providing a Safe Pregnancy Experience for Surgeons
Authors: Glazer Tiffany A. , Gunderson Kirsten A. , Deroo Elise , Shaffrey Ellen C. , Mann Hayley , Matabele Maya N. , Minter Rebecca M. , Iruretagoyena J. Igor , Rectenwald John E.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Childbearing has been a particular barrier to successful recruitment and retention of women in surgery. Pregnant surgeons are more likely to have major pregnancy complications, such as preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, infertility, and miscarriage, compared with nonsurgeons. The average obstetric complication rate for surgeons ranges between 25% and 82% in the literature and is considerably higher than that in the general US population at 5% to 15%.

Observations

The risks that pregnant surgeons experience were individually analyzed. These risks included missed prenatal care; musculoskeletal hazards, such as prolonged standing, lifting, and bending; long work hours; overnight calls; exposure to teratogenic agents, such as ionizing radiation, anesthetic gases, chemotherapy agents, and methyl methacrylate; and psychological stress and discrimination from the long-standing stigma associated with balancing motherhood and professional life.

Conclusions and Relevance

A clear, translatable, and enforceable policy addressing perinatal care of surgeons was proposed, citing evidence of the risks reviewed from the literature. A framework of protection for pregnant individuals is essential for attracting talented students into surgery, retaining talented surgical trainees and faculty, and protecting pregnant surgeons and their fetuses.
Slow feature‐constrained decomposition autoencoder: Application to process anomaly detection and localization
Authors: Jia Mingwei , Jiang Lingwei , Hu Junhao , Liu Yi , Chen Tao
Published: August 2024

Detecting anomalies in manufacturing processes is crucial for ensuring safety. However, noise significantly undermines the reliability of data‐driven anomaly detection models. To address this challenge, we propose a slow feature‐constrained decomposition autoencoder (SFC‐DAE) for anomaly detection in noisy scenarios. Considering that the process can exhibit both long‐term trends and periodic properties, the process data is decomposed into trends and cycles. The repetitive information is mitigated by slicing and randomly masking certain trends and cycles. Dependencies among slices are constructed to extract intrinsic information, while high‐frequency noise is reduced using a slow feature‐constrained loss. Anomalies are detected and localized through a reconstruction error strategy. The effectiveness of SFC‐DAE is demonstrated using data from a sugar factory and a secure water treatment system.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Emerging Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Park Sohyun , Kang Dong Won
Published: August 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as highly promising porous materials for various applications due to their exceptional porosity, large surface areas, and tunable functional properties. Recently, MOFs have garnered attention as potential thermoelectric materials that convert heat into electricity, offering environmentally friendly energy solutions. This perspective highlights recent research on thermoelectric MOFs and MOF‐based composites, exploring synthesis methods and strategies for enhancing their thermoelectric performance and future directions.
Corrosion Behavior of Cobalt–Chromium‐Based Laser Claddings Reinforced with Boron Nitride, Graphene Oxide, and Graphite.
Authors: García‐Blanco Inés , Bozeman Scott C. , Tucker Julie D. , González Rubén , Isgor Burkan
Published: August 2024

In this article, the corrosion resistance of a cobalt–chromium‐based laser cladding reinforced with different microparticles: boron nitride, graphene oxide, and graphite, added for increased tribological performance, is explored. Samples are fabricated by premixing cobalt–chromium powder with microparticle additions and cladding onto 316L stainless steel base metal. The corrosion behavior is measured in industrially relevant applications: 1 m acetic acid and 3.5 wt% NaCl, using open‐circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, and cyclic polarization. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry is used to analyze the distribution of the chemical elements throughout the coatings. The reference cladding's corrosion resistance is outstanding in both electrolytes, with a corrosion rate (CR) of ≤0.19 μm year−1 and no pitting tendencies. With the addition of microparticles, the claddings maintain their remarkable pitting resistance, but show an increase in CR up to 0.98 μm year−1 due to the nonuniform distribution of the microparticles into the matrix.
Microstructure Evolution of Powder‐Mixed Inconel718‐xRene88DT Alloy Fabricated by Direct Laser Deposition
Authors: Li Linxu , Jia Chewang , Sun Liushuo , Fu Jiansheng , Zhao Yufan , Yang Haiou , Lin Xin
Published: August 2024

By regulating Inconel718‐xRene88DT (x = 0–100%) alloy powder, microstructure evolution and microsegregation of as‐deposited samples fabricated by direct energy deposition (DED) are investigated. The novelty of this approach lies in the systematic regulation of the alloy composition to study its impact on microstructure and microsegregation, which is an important prerequisite to improving the performance of DED superalloys. It is found that the as‐deposited microstructure mainly consists of predominant γ columnar dendrites directionally growing along the deposition direction. With the increase of Rene88DT proportion, thelayered structure tends to be more obvious, and the amount and size of γ′ phase increases. The content of the Laves phase is in decline. As a result of the microsegregation, the needlelike δ (Ni3Nb) and lath‐shaped η (Ni3Ti) precipitate in the interdendritic regions when the proportion of Rene88DT is above 60%. The various microstructures, microsegregation, and their correlations at different proportions of Rene88DT DED samples are discussed. The relationship between composition and microstructure evolution is investigated based on the alloying mechanism, which can guide alloy design and process optimization for enhanced properties in AM‐built Ni‐based superalloys.
Co(III), Co(II), Co(I): Tuning Single Cobalt Metal Atom Oxidation States in a 2D Coordination Network
Authors: Armillotta Francesco , Bidoggia Davide , Baronio Stefania , Sala Alessandro , Costantini Roberto , dell'Angela Martina , Cojocariu Iulia , Feyer Vitaliy , Morgante Alberto , Peressi Maria , Vesselli Erik
Published: August 2024

It is shown that the self‐assembly of a surface‐confined metal–organic network such as cobalt porphyrins on graphene is accompanied by the evolution of coordination‐dependent observables in the electronic structure: variation of the layer's valence states within almost 1 eV range and of the metal atoms oxidation states. Coordination of cobalt porphyrins, driven by Co ad‐atoms, allows the synthesis of single metal atom centers with +3, +2, or +1 oxidation states. The electronic structure is determined by lateral interactions extending up to a few nanometers, beyond nearest‐neighbor distances. The reactivity of the single Co sites, which is strongly dependent on the local electronic configuration and, thus, on the metal‐specific oxidation state, is probed by carbon monoxide, which is found to ligate at pyridinic Co(I) at room temperature for background pressures above a fraction of a mbar.
Alluaudite Na2Fe2(SO4)3 and NASICON‐Type Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) as Promising Cathode Materials in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Lan Yuanqi , Tan Li , Xu Huan , Yao Wenjiao , Tang Yongbing
Published: August 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are expected to be widely used in low‐speed vehicles and distributed energy storage devices due to their merits of abundance in natural resources, wide distribution, and low toxicity of raw materials. However, the performance of the state‐of‐the‐art SIBs is restricted by the lack of ideal cathode materials. Iron‐based polyanionic compounds have attracted much attention as potential SIBs cathode due to their low cost, excellent cycling stability, safety, and environmental friendliness, among which Na2Fe2(SO4)3 and Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) are the most commercializable representatives. Nevertheless, both academic and industrial communities hold a wait‐and‐see attitude. Herein, each of the aspects of crystal structure, synthesis methods, and electrochemical properties are first introduced. Then, the optimized schemes to improve electrochemistry, hygroscopicity, and conductivity for both are summarized. Finally, according to the current practical demand for iron‐based polyanionic compounds, their application prospects and the corresponding bottleneck issues are comprehensively analyzed.
Light‐Controlled Electric Stimulation with Organic Electrolytic Photocapacitors Achieves Complex Neuronal Network Activation: Semi‐Chronic Study in Cortical Cell Culture and Rat Model
Authors: Nowakowska Marta , Jakešová Marie , Schmidt Tony , Opančar Aleksandar , Polz Mathias , Reimer Robert , Fuchs Julia , Patz Silke , Ziesel Daniel , Scheruebel Susanne , Kornmueller Karin , Rienmüller Theresa , Đerek Vedran , Głowacki Eric D. , Schindl Rainer , Üçal Muammer
Published: August 2024

Neurostimulation employing photoactive organic semiconductors offers an appealing alternative to conventional techniques, enabling targeted action and wireless control through light. In this study, organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPC) are employed to investigate the effects of light‐controlled electric stimulation on neuronal networks in vitro and in vivo. The interactions between the devices and biological systems are characterized. Stimulation of primary rat cortical neurons results in an elevated expression of c‐Fos within a mature neuronal network. OEPC implantation for three weeks and subsequent stimulation of the somatosensory cortex leads to an increase of c‐Fos in neurons at the stimulation site and in connected brain regions (entorhinal cortex, hippocampus), both in the ipsi‐ and contralateral hemispheres. Reactivity of glial and immune cells after semi‐chronic implantation of OEPC in the rat brain is comparable to that of surgical controls, indicating minimal foreign body response. Device functionality is further substantiated through retained charging dynamics following explantation. OEPC‐based, light‐controlled electric stimulation has a significant impact on neural responsiveness. The absence of detrimental effects on both the brain and device encourages further use of OEPC as cortical implants. These findings highlight its potential as a novel mode of neurostimulation and instigate further exploration into applications in fundamental neuroscience.
Magneto‐Enzymatic Microgels for Precise Hydrogel Sculpturing
Authors: Mendes Maria C. , Pereira João A. , Silva Ana S. , Mano João F.
Published: August 2024

The inclusion of hollow channels in tissue‐engineered hydrogels is crucial for mimicking the natural physiological conditions and facilitating the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to cells. Although bio‐fabrication techniques provide diverse strategies to create these channels, many require sophisticated equipment and time‐consuming protocols. Herein, collagenase, a degrading agent for methacrylated gelatin hydrogels, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are combined and processed into enzymatically active spherical structures using a straightforward oil bath emulsion methodology. The generated microgels are then used to microfabricate channels within biomimetic hydrogels via a novel sculpturing approach that relied on the precise coupling of protein‐enzyme pairs (for controlled local degradation) and magnetic actuation (for directional control). Results show that the sculpting velocity can be tailored by adjusting the magnetic field intensity or concentration of MNPs within the microgels. Additionally, varying the magnetic field position or microgel size generated diverse trajectories and channels of different widths. This innovative technology improves the viability of encapsulated cells through enhanced medium transport, outperforming non‐sculpted hydrogels and offering new perspectives for hydrogel vascularization and drug/biomolecule administration. Ultimately, this novel concept can help design fully controlled channels in hydrogels or soft materials, even those with complex tortuosity, in a single wireless top‐down biocompatible step.
Human Circulatory/Respiratory‐Inspired Comprehensive Air Purification System
Authors: Jeong Seongmin , Shin Jaeho , Kim Jinmo , Kim Hongchan , Lee Jae Gun , Min JinKi , Hong Sukjoon , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: August 2024

The circulatory and respiratory systems in humans are marvels of biological engineering that exhibit competence in maintaining homeostasis. These systems not only shield the organism from external contaminants but also orchestrate the vital gases via the bloodstream to sustain cellular respiration and metabolic processes across diverse tissues. It is noticed that spaces inhabited encounter challenges akin to those of the human body: protecting the indoor air from external pollutants while removing anthropogenic byproducts like carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matters (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) tooutside. A biomimetic approach, composed of a microbubble‐based gas exchanger and circulating liquid inspired by alveoli, capillary beds, and bloodstream of the human circulatory/respiratory system, offer an innovative solution for comprehensive air purification of hermetic spaces. Circulatory/respiratory‐inspired air purification system (CAPS) ensure both continuous removal of PM and exchange of gas species between indoor and outdoor environments to maintain homeostasis. The effectiveness of this system is also supported by animal behavior experiments with and without CAPS, showing an effect of reducing CO2 concentration by 30% and increasing mice locomotor activity by 53%. CAPS is expected to evolve into robust and comprehensive air purification schemes through the networked integration of plural internal and external environments.
High‐Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via In Situ Passivation Directed Crystallization
Authors: Huang Yanchun , Yan Kangrong , Wang Xinjiang , Li Biao , Niu Benfang , Yan Minxing , Shen Ziqiu , Zhou Kun , Fang Yanjun , Yu Xuegong , Chen Hongzheng , Zhang Lijun , Li Chang‐Zhi
Published: August 2024

Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the influential photovoltaic technologies with promising cost‐effectiveness. Though with mild processabilities to massive production, inverted PSCs have long suffered from inferior photovoltaic performances due to intractable defective states at boundaries and interfaces. Herein, an in situ passivation (ISP) method is presented to effectively adjust crystal growth kinetics and obtain the well‐orientated perovskite films with the passivated boundaries and interfaces, successfully enabled the new access of high‐performance inverted PSCs. The study unravels that the strong yet anisotropic ISP additive adsorption between different facets and the accompanied additive engineering yield the high‐quality (111)‐orientated perovskite crystallites with superior photovoltaic properties. The ISP‐derived inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 26.7% (certified as 26.09% at a 5.97 mm2 active area) and 24.5% (certified as 23.53% at a 1.28 cm2 active area), along with decent operational stabilities.