bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical vapor etching of silicon wafer for the synthesis of highly dense and aligned sub-5 nm silicon nanowire arrays
Authors: Gao Sen , Seo Juyeon , Hong Sanghyun , Li Jianlin , Feng Peiyun , Byun Ji Young , Jung Yung Joon
Published: March 2023

We investigated the key chemical vapor etching parameters governing the morphology of Si nanowires. Highly aligned sub-5 nm Si nanowires can be achieved by controlling the oxidant gas concentration, reaction temperature, and hydrogen concentration.
Enantioselective cyanation of propargylic C–H bonds via cooperative photoredox and copper catalysis
Authors: Deng Yunshun , Lu Ronghua , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng
Published: March 2023

An asymmetric cyanation of propargylic C–H bonds via a copper-catalyzed radical relay has been developed, in which the propargylic radical was formed via a photoredox-catalyzed intramolecular 1,5-HAT process.
Highly active quinone site-enriched carbon nanotube composites for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide generation
Authors: Tian Yuwen , Wang Qianqian , Song Yanyan , Yang Jifa , Liu Jinzheng , Liu Xuejun , Zhang Lixue
Published: March 2023

Highly active PAQS/CNT composites with exclusive generation of active CO were synthesized, which show excellent activity and selectivity with a H2O2 yield ratio of 91% at 0.5 V, together with favorable stability.
Vortex-assisted, nanoarchitectonic manipulation of microparticles with flavonoid-Fe3+complex in biphasic water–oil systems
Authors: Nguyen Duc Tai , Han Sang Yeong , Yun Gyeongwon , Lee Hojae , Choi Insung S.
Published: March 2023

Simple vortexing of a biphasic water–oil system, containing Fe3+in water and luteolin (LUT) in oil, forms nanoshells of the LUT–Fe3+complex on individual microparticles, where the oil phase serves as a reservoir of coating precursors.
Redox-active Sn(ii) to lead to SnFe2O4 spinel as a bi-functional water splitting catalyst
Authors: Rajput Anubha , Pandey Amit Anand , Kundu Avinava , Chakraborty Biswarup
Published: March 2023

5 nm SnFe2O4 nanoparticle, an un-explored inverse spinel ferrite material, has been explored as electrode material for overall water splitting study where Fe sites are OER active and Sn sites promote electron conduction and HER active.
Three isostructural MOFs based on different metal cations: proton conductivities and SC–SC transformation leading to magnetic changes
Authors: Zou Huiqi , Li Rongyun , Ding Li , Lu Jing , Tian Haiquan , Yan Hui , Liu Houting , Wang Suna , Li Yunwu
Published: March 2023

The different acidity of coordinated water molecule caused by different nature of metal cation leads to different proton conductivities of three isostructural MOFs. Additionally, obvious magnetic change based on SC–SC transformation was observed.
Examination of photocatalytic Z-scheme system for overall water splitting with its electronic structure
Authors: Tani Tadaaki , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Nishimi Taisei , Uchida Takayuki , Kudo Akihiko
Published: March 2023

The STH conversion efficiency of Z-scheme system for OWS as illustrated here is the highest among photocatalyst ones and is still short for practical use. We studied the electronic structure of the system on solid state physics and proposed several new subjects to be solved.
A redshifted photonic bandgap and wide-angle polarization selection in an all-hyperbolic-metamaterial one-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Wu Feng , Liu Dejun , Li Hongju , Feng Mingku
Published: March 2023

A redshifted photonic bandgap and wide-angle polarization selection are theoretically achieved in an all-hyperbolic-metamaterial one-dimensional photonic crystal.
Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in in-plane double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions based on MXene Cr2C
Authors: Yu Hailin , Chen Mingyan , Shao Zhenguang , Tao Yongmei , Jiang Xuefan , Dong Yaojun , Zhang Jie , Yang Xifeng , Liu Yushen
Published: March 2023

Giant tunneling magnetoresistance (6.58 × 1010) is attained in an in-plane double-barrier magnetic tunnel junction based on Cr2C. This junction, due to its unique structural characteristics, has great potential applications in spintronic devices.
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of 4-(dimethylamino)benzethyne – an experimental and computational study
Authors: Issler Kevin , Sturm Floriane , Petersen Jens , Flock Marco , Mitrić Roland , Fischer Ingo , Barreau Lou , Poisson Lionel
Published: March 2023

We investigated the excited-state dynamics of 4-(dimethylamino)benzethyne (4-DMABE) in a combined theoretical and experimental study using surface-hopping simulations and time-resolved photoionisation experiments.
Rational method for defining and quantifying pseudo-components based on NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Specht Thomas , Münnemann Kerstin , Hasse Hans , Jirasek Fabian
Published: March 2023

A rational method for the automatic definition of pseudo-components in unknown mixtures based on standard NMR experiments is presented.
Boosting optical nonlinearity in epsilon-near-zero trilayer coatings
Authors: Guo Zhida , Wu Dong , Zhang Feilian , Dong Jiannan , Jiang Xiaofang , Han Peng , Chen Yihang
Published: March 2023

The ITO/Ag/ITO trilayer structure can significantly enhance the nonlinear response in the epsilon-near-zero region, which allows nonlinear optical devices to work at low power.
Simple, accurate, adjustable-parameter-free prediction of NMR shifts for molecules in solution
Authors: Hoyt Emlyn M. , Smith Lachlan O. , Crittenden Deborah L.
Published: March 2023

Our acetaldehyde-calibrated two-point shift-and-scale correction procedure yields high-accuracy DFT predictions of NMR shifts in a transferable, computationally-efficient and experimentally-convenient manner.
Looking for chiral recognition in photoinduced bimolecular electron transfer using ultrafast spectroscopy
Authors: Verma Pragya , Nançoz Christoph , Bosson Johann , Labrador Géraldine M. , Lacour Jérôme , Vauthey Eric
Published: March 2023

No significant stereoselectivity could be identified in photoinduced electron transfer in the static regime. Sufficiently high electronic coupling can be achieved with all diastereomeric pairs for this process to occur in the adiabatic regime.
Deep transfer learning for predicting frontier orbital energies of organic materials using small data and its application to porphyrin photocatalysts
Authors: Su An , Zhang Xin , Zhang Chengwei , Ding Debo , Yang Yun-Fang , Wang Keke , She Yuan-Bin
Published: March 2023

A deep transfer learning approach is used to predict HOMO/LUMO energies of organic materials with a small amount of training data.
Stable single phases of samarium gallium oxide (Sm3GaxOy) nano semiconductor self-assembly for supercapacitor and photocatalytic applications
Authors: Shanmugam Priyadharshini , Dheivasigamani Thangaraju , Kovil Pitchai Jesman Sthevan , Muthukaruppan Alagar
Published: March 2023

A cutting-edge approach has been attempted in the present work to develop two stable phases of samarium gallium oxide as functional materials in the form of energy storage electrodes and photocatalysts.
Correction: Elucidating the chirality transfer mechanisms during enantioselective synthesis for the spin-controlled oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Im Hayoung , Ma Sunihl , Lee Hyungsoo , Park Jaemin , Park Young Sun , Yun Juwon , Lee Jeongyoub , Moon Subin , Moon Jooho
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Elucidating the chirality transfer mechanisms during enantioselective synthesis for the spin-controlled oxygen evolution reaction’ by Hayoung Im et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 1187–1199, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EE03853F.
Hybrid synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate bioplastics from carbon dioxide
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Dingyu , Liu Yuwan , Chu Huanyu , Bai Jie , Cheng Jian , Zhao Haodong , Fu Shaoping , Liu Huihong , Fu YuE. , Ma Yanhe , Jiang Huifeng
Published: March 2023

We report a hybrid chem-biological system, coupling photovoltaic hydrogen production, chemical CO2hydrogenation, an artificial carbon conversion pathway and the natural PHB synthesis pathway, which drove a completely closed-loop economy for PHB production.
The feasibility of using a pyrite standard to calibrate the sulfur isotope ratio of marcasite during SIMS analysis
Authors: Li Rucao , Wang Xiao-Lei , Guan Yue , Gu Jing , Tian Lan-Lan
Published: March 2023

Marcasite (FeS2, orthorhombic) is a dimorph of pyrite (FeS2, isometric), which has been reported in many kinds of ore deposits and sedimentary rocks.
Chameleon-inspired active tunable structural color based on smart skin with multi-functions of structural color, sensing and actuation
Authors: Zhang Weitian , Tian Hongmiao , Liu Tianci , Liu Haoran , Zhao Fabo , Li Xiangming , Wang Chunhui , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou
Published: March 2023

Inspired by the chameleon's camouflage behavior, an active tunable color system is proposed to modulate color according to the surroundings, based on the coupling effect of artificial muscle based-smart skin, an image acquisition unit and a controller.
Chemical gradients on graphene via direct mechanochemical cleavage of atoms from chemically functionalized graphene surfaces
Authors: Kim Hyeonsu , Kim Dong-Hyun , Jeong Yunjo , Lee Dong-Su , Son Jangyup , An Sangmin
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate the tailoring of a chemical gradient through direct mechanochemical cleavage of atoms from chemically functionalized graphene surfaces via an atomic force microscope.
Covalent organic frameworks with triazine units for iodine capture via weak molecular interactions
Authors: Niu Qianyuan , Cui Qingxue , Meng Xutong , Zhang Pei , Zhou Yining , Fu Hao , Ma Baiwei , Qin Na , Zhai Lipeng
Published: March 2023

Triazine unit functionalized covalent organic frameworks were predesigned for exceptional iodine capture through weak molecular interactions.
Using a dual-emission Sm(iii)-macrocycle as the perceptive lab-on-a-molecule chemosensor toward selective and discriminative detection of nitroaromatic explosives
Authors: Zhang Chengjian , Zheng Ruijie , Li Sichen , Yang Kang , Tai Shengdi , Tao Yinsong , Zhang Shishen , Zhang Kun
Published: March 2023

A dual-emission Sm(iii)-macrocycle Sm-2l is designed as the perceptive lab-on-a-molecule toward selective and discriminative detection of nitroaromatic explosives by statistical analysis.
A dense 3d–4f metal–organic framework with “gas pockets” for highly efficient CH4/N2separation
Authors: Zhu Li-Min , Li Wen-Liang , Li Tian-Ran , Shi Lin-Ping , Li Li-Ting , Yao Zhao-Quan , Huang Hong-Liang , Zhao Jiong-Peng , Liu Fu-Chen
Published: March 2023

A pillar-layered dense 3d–4f MOF shows high IAST selectivity for CH4/N2owing to the enhancement of the interactions between the MOF and CH4by the heteroatoms of the pillars.
Activating photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by constructing Ni-based organic layers and tailoring its crystal facets
Authors: Wang Zao , Wang Man , Song Jiajia , Wu Jishan , Li Zhen
Published: March 2023

The development of highly active and stable cheap cocatalysts is critical for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Synthesis of structurally diverse silicon-incorporated indolinesviasilyl radical-triggered radical cascade reactions
Authors: Ye Tian , Zhao Jinjin , Zheng Wan-Xin , Zhang Junmin , Wang Zhijuan , Zhang Feng-Lian
Published: March 2023

Structurally diverse silicon-incorporated indolines were synthesizedviaa silyl radical-triggered radical addition–translocation–cyclization (RATC) process.
Design and synthesis of novel pomegranate-like TiN@MXene microspheres as efficient sulfur hosts for advanced lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Mengjie , Lu Yang , Yue Zhenjie , Tang Mengmeng , Luo Xiaoke , Chen Chen , Peng Tao , Liu Xianming , Luo Yongsong
Published: March 2023

A novel pomegranate-like TiN@MXene microsphere was constructed by a facile spray drying method and synergistically enhanced the conversion of polysulfides in Li–S batteries.
Cellulose as sacrificial agents for enhanced photoactivated hydrogen production
Authors: Alvarado-Ávila María Isabel , De Luca Stefano , Edlund Ulrica , Ye Fei , Dutta Joydeep
Published: March 2023

Biomasses can be used as sacrificial agents. The presence of hemicelluloses and polar groups significantly enhances the H2 production rate.
Upcycling of spent lithium-ion battery graphite anodes for a dual carbon lithium-ion capacitor
Authors: Bhattacharjee Udita , Bhar Madhushri , Bhowmik Subhajit , Martha Surendra K.
Published: March 2023

A dual carbon lithium-ion capacitor is designed combining sustainable electrode materials using mechanistically different carbon composites derived from spent lithium-ion battery anodes.
High-throughput transient photoluminescence spectrometer for deep learning of thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials
Authors: Furukori Minori , Nagamune Yasushi , Nakayama Yasuo , Hosokai Takuya
Published: March 2023

The fast acquisition of high dynamic range PL decay profile is realized and new PL decay parameters for deep learning of thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials are presented.
The Application of Time–Frequency Masking To Improve Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech in Background Noise
Authors: Borrie Stephanie A. , Yoho Sarah E. , Healy Eric W. , Barrett Tyson S.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

Background noise reduces speech intelligibility. Time–frequency (T-F) masking is an established signal processing technique that improves intelligibility of neurotypical speech in background noise. Here, we investigated a novel application of T-F masking, assessing its potential to improve intelligibility of neurologically degraded speech in background noise.

Method:

Listener participants (
N
= 422) completed an intelligibility task either in the laboratory or online, listening to and transcribing audio recordings of neurotypical (control) and neurologically degraded (dysarthria) speech under three different processing types: speech in quiet (quiet), speech mixed with cafeteria noise (noise), and speech mixed with cafeteria noise and then subsequently processed by an ideal quantized mask (IQM) to remove the noise.

Results:

We observed significant reductions in intelligibility of dysarthric speech, even at highly favorable signal-to-noise ratios (+11 to +23 dB) that did not impact neurotypical speech. We also observed significant intelligibility improvements from speech in noise to IQM-processed speech for both control and dysarthric speech across a wide range of noise levels. Furthermore, the overall benefit of IQM processing for dysarthric speech was comparable with that of the control speech in background noise, as was the intelligibility data collected in the laboratory versus online.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates proof of concept, validating the application of T-F masks to a neurologically degraded speech signal. Given that intelligibility challenges greatly impact communication, and thus the lives of people with dysarthria and their communication partners, the development of clinical tools to enhance intelligibility in this clinical population is critical.
Investigating heterogeneity in travel behaviour change when implementing soft transport interventions: A latent class choice model
Authors: Fan Aihua , Chen Xumei , Yu Lei , Li Ming
Published: March 2023

Attracting more travellers to shift towards green modes plays a significant role in sustainable transportation development. Soft transport interventions are important strategies for facilitating voluntary travel behaviour change. This study investigates the effects of two soft transport interventions, information intervention and public transport service improvement, on heterogeneous traveller groups’ behaviour change. Beijing, China was selected as the case study site. Firstly, three heterogenous traveller groups were identified based on latent class cluster analysis: Group A (20.4%, travel in low‐frequency and prefer multimode), Group B (30.3%, travel in middle‐frequency and prefer the car) and Group C (49.3%, travel in high frequency and prefer green modes). Then, latent class choice models under two transport interventions were established respectively. The findings indicate that information intervention decreases Group B's preference for car use and exclusion of bicycles. Little effect is observed on travel behaviour change of Group A and C. Public transport service improvement significantly reduces car use of Group B and C. This study demonstrates a limited influence of information intervention on travel behaviour change and public transport service improvement is effective in achieving car use reduction. The results provide decision makers with the information needed to target interventions for different traveller groups.
Influence of multilayer graphene doping concentrations on detection properties of MLG/Mg2Si/Si heterojunction photodetector
Authors: Yu Hong , Xiong Xichen , Mo Zhangjie , Deng Rui , Li Li , Chen Deliang
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a structural model for a photodetector (PD) with a multilayer graphene (MLG)/Mg2Si/Si heterojunction and an examination of the impacts of MLG doping concentrations on the detection abilities of these PDs. The results show that under the conditions of different thicknesses of the monolayer, five‐layer, and 10‐layer grapheme (Gr), the detection properties of heterojunction PDs degrade as the doping concentrations of the MLG layer increase from 1013 to 1017 cm−3, respectively. The electric field intensity at the heterojunction MLG/Mg2Si interface diminishes as MLG doping concentrations increase. The effectiveness of photo‐generated carrier separation and transfer in the space charge area at the MLG/Mg2Si interface therefore declines. The detection properties are outstanding when the MLG doping concentration is 1013 cm−3. The maximum values of peak responsivity, external quantum efficiency (EQE), detectivity (D*), and on/off ratio are found to be 0.81 A/W, 103.28%, 6.1×1010 Jones, and 610.5, respectively. A minimum peak noise equivalent power (NEP) of 1.64×10−11 WHz−1/2 is obtained. The results also show that PD has a great potential as a replacement for other visible and near‐infrared (NIR) poisonous devices. The facts presented above provide a theoretical framework for the fabrication and application of optoelectronic devices.
Bulgeless disks, dark galaxies, inverted color gradients, and other expected phenomena at higher z
Authors: Papaderos Polychronis , Östlin Göran , Breda Iris
Published: March 2023

The spectral energy distribution (SED) of galaxies varies both between galaxies and within them. For instance, early-type spiral galaxies have a red bulge surrounded by a bluer star-forming disk with H II regions within. When observing redshifted galaxies, a given photometric filter probes light at a bluer rest frame, and in relating the observed magnitudes to the rest frame of the filter, so-called k corrections are commonly applied to account for the relative dimming or brightening in addition to the pure distance effect. The amount of correction depends on the shape of the spectrum (SED), so different k corrections apply to galaxies of different spectral types. This is, however, only part of the story, since any galaxy with a spatially non-homogeneous SED will experience a spatially varying relative dimming or brightening as a function of observed wavelength. Also, the morphological appearance of galaxies will therefore change with redshift. For instance, an early spiral galaxy observed in the V band would show a prominent bulge at z = 0, whereas, if at redshift z ∼ 1, the V filter probes emission in the rest-frame near-ultraviolet where the bulge is faint and the disk relatively brighter, thus the galaxy may appear as bulgeless. One popular way of studying spatial variations in the stellar population and dust content of galaxies is the use of color maps. For star-forming galaxies that have an appreciable contribution from nebular emission (lines and continuum), an additional effect is that the shifting of strong features in or out of filters will result in a non-monotonous color evolution with redshift. Hence, unlike the effects of distance, cosmological surface brightness dimming, and gravitational lensing, which are all achromatic, the fact that most galaxies have a spatially varying SED leads to a chromatic surface brightness modulation (CMOD) with redshift. While the CMOD effects are in principle easy to grasp, they affect multicolor imaging surveys and photometric properties derived from such surveys in a complex fashion. Properties such as the bulge-to-disk ratio, Sérsic exponent, light concentration, asymmetry index and effective radius, radial color gradients, and stellar mass determinations from SED fitting will depend on the redshift, the filters employed, and the rest-frame 2D SED patterns in a galaxy and will bias results inferred on galaxy evolution across cosmic time (e.g., the evolution of the mass-size, bulge-supermassive black hole, and Tully-Fisher relation), and potentially also weak lensing, if these effects are not properly taken into account. In this article we quantify the CMOD effects for idealized galaxies built from spectral synthesis models and from galaxies with observed integral field spectroscopy, and we show that they are significant and should be taken into account in studies of resolved galaxy properties and their evolution with redshift.
Star formation rate and stellar mass calibrations based on infrared photometry and their dependence on stellar population age and extinction
Authors: Kouroumpatzakis K. , Zezas A. , Kyritsis E. , Salim S. , Svoboda J.
Published: March 2023

Context. The stellar mass (M⋆) and the star formation rate (SFR) are among the most important features that characterize galaxies. Measuring these fundamental properties accurately is critical for understanding the present state of galaxies, their history, and future evolution. Infrared (IR) photometry is widely used to measure the M⋆ and SFR of galaxies because the near-IR traces the continuum emission of the majority of their stellar populations (SPs), and the mid/far-IR traces the dust emission powered by star-forming activity.

Aims. This work explores the dependence of the IR emission of galaxies on their extinction, and the age of their SPs. It aims to provide accurate and precise IR-photometry SFR and M⋆ calibrations that account for SP age and extinction while providing quantification of their scatter.

Methods. We used the CIGALE spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code to create model SEDs of galaxies with a wide range of star formation histories, dust content, and interstellar medium properties. We fit the relations between M⋆ and SFR with IR and optical photometry of the model-galaxy SEDs with the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. As an independent confirmation of the MCMC fitting method, we performed a machine-learning random forest (RF) analysis on the same data set. The RF model yields similar results to the MCMC fits, thus validating the latter.

Results. This work provides calibrations for the SFR using a combination of the WISE bands 1 and 3, or the JWST NIR-F200W and MIRI-F2100W. It also provides mass-to-light ratio calibrations based on the WISE band-1, the JWST NIR-F200W, and the optical u − r or g − r colors. These calibrations account for the biases attributed to the SP age, while they are given in the form of extinction-dependent and extinction-independent relations.

Conclusions. The proposed calibrations show robust estimations while minimizing the scatter and biases throughout a wide range of SFRs and stellar masses. The SFR calibration offers better results, especially in dust-free or passive galaxies where the contributions of old SPs or biases from the lack of dust are significant. Similarly, the M⋆ calibration yields significantly better results for dusty and high-SFR galaxies where dust emission can otherwise bias the estimations.
Buyer Decisions on Hydroponic Vegetable Products
Authors: Putri Asgami , Tarik Ibrahim Jabal , Sutanto Adi , Syafrani Syafrani , Yudi Ariadi Bambang , Baroh Istis , Relawati Rahayu , Burlakovs Juris , Hawayanti Erni , Utami Lestari Sri , Rosa Imelda , Rizal Muhammad , Marhani Marhani , Yasid Hamdan , Ekawati Ida , Agung Pakarti Trias
Published: March 2023

This study aims to assess the factors influential towards decision made by consumers to purchase hydroponic products. A quantitative research employing factor analysis, 100 samples were established as per accidental random sampling. The observed 11 variables – classified in four groups – were of hydroponic product feature (packing, size, freshness, and crunchiness), hydroponic product value (competitiveness and price), customer’s background (income, education, association, and family size), and place (service). The result shows that those who chose the products were mostly female (98) – 73 of them are housewives – aged between 37 and 42 (42) with at least senior high school educational background (69).
Assessment ofAegle marmelosFruit Extracts as Organic Insecticide forSpodoptera exiguaonAllium ascolanicum
Authors: Roeswitawati Dyah , Ramzy Teuku , Gamawati Adinurani Praptiningsih , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Hussain Zahid , Iqrar Irum , Ngoc Huu Nguyen
Published: March 2023

Allium ascalonicumL. is a commodity household Indonesian consume for daily cooking. However, the constraint on shallot production is attacked bySpodoptera exigua(Hübner, 1808)). So far, farmers have relied a lot on control methods using chemical pesticides, which negatively impact the environment. The fruit ofAegle marmelosL. contains a fatty substance called tannin, one of the compounds with a bitter taste that insects can dislike. This content is whyA. marmelosis highly recommended as an organic pesticide. The study assessed the concentration of A. marmelos extracted which was effective in controlling S. exigua. The study was arranged to use a randomized block design, consisting of five treatments ofA. marmelosfruit extract concentration, namely: 2 mL L–1 of water (K1); 4 mL L–1of water (K2); 6 mL L–1of water (K3); 8 mL L–1of water (K4); 10 mL L–1of water (K5) and withoutA. marmelostreatment (K0). The results showed that a concentration of 4 mL L–1of water effectively suppresses the development ofS. exiguaand can increaseA. ascalonicumproduction.
Bird Diversity, Abundance, and Evenness Rates in Ecotone Area of Sutan Syarif Hasyim Forest Park, Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Hadinoto Hadinoto , Zalizar Lili , Triwanto Joko , Ervayenri Ervayenri , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Chanan Muhammad , Tri Waskitho Nugroho , Tarik Ibrahim Jabal , Suhesti Eni , Van Minh Nguyen , Tonda Rusli , Satrio Satrio , Agung Pakarti Trias
Published: March 2023

Ecotone – an area where two environments of different composition and structure meet due to land conversion – is prone to habitat loss and biodiversity devaluation as a result of fragmentation. Responsive to change, birds represent one of the common animals of all habitat types since their diversity and abundance are able to reflect ecological tendencies in different biodiversity. This study was aimed to analyze the diversity, abundance, and evenness of birds as well as determine their density and frequency in the ecotone area of Sutan Syarif Hasyim Forest Park, Riau, Indonesia. Six sections of the study area (natural forest-and-shrubbery, natural forest-and-palm oil plantation, natural forest-and-lake, shrubbery-and-palm oil plantation, shrubbery-and-lake, and palm oil plantation-and-lake) were observed by employing Line Intercept Transect. 1 182 individuals of 59 bird species were reported, with Pycnonotusaurigaster (Vieillot, 1818) as the dominant one. The total diversity index of 3.75, abundance 8.2 and evenness 0.92 were evident to high density and frequency of birds in the area.
The Effect of Elisitor on Growth and Ginsenoside Level in Hairy Root Culture of Panax ginseng Cultivated in Shake Flasks
Authors: Sukweenadhi Johan , Pratama Chandra Stefan , Satriono Putra Leonardo , Maria Vianney Yoanes , Liliani Theresia , Wongso Merlyn , Widjaja Melisa , Pramadiyanti Sari , Christanti Pissa , Hak Kim-Jong , Yang Deok-Chun , Jan Asad
Published: March 2023

In recent years, plants have become an important part of traditional medicine. Although the medicinal potential of the plant looks very promising, there are great difficulties that inhibit products for the production of herbs on a large scale. Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. is a plant often used in traditional medicine in various countries because ginseng can cure various diseases in humans. The main bioactive component in ginseng is the triterpene saponin compound, namely ginsenosides. Ginseng needs to be cultivated at least 4 yr before the root can be harvested. In addition, a special environment is needed for ginseng to develop properly. One way to obtain ginsenosides is to use root hair culture. However, until now it has been reported that the accumulation of ginsensoside in root hair cultures is still low. Elicitation effective method to increase the production of secondary metabolites in vitro culture. The aim of this research was to observe the effect of elicitor in the form of yeast extract and coconut water to the media on the growth and levels of ginsenoside in flask scale Panax ginseng root hair culture. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that the addition of yeast extract from the start with a concentration of 20 mg L−1 cannot increase the levels of ginsenoside in the hairy root culture of P. ginseng. The addition of coconut water from the beginning with a volume of 10 mL increases the biomass but cannot increase the ginsenoside levels in the hair culture of P. ginseng.
The Impact of Madden - Julian Oscillation and Sea Surface Temperature Process Interaction on Rainfall Variability During Rainy Season: A Case Study in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman , Mustofa Irawan Amir , Akbar Dzikrullah , Soni Peeyush , Neimane Leila
Published: March 2023

Most studies of the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) have explored rainfall in a part of Indonesia. This paper takes a different approach and explores the impact of air-sea coupling interaction between Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and SST on rainfall variability in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). This study uses daily rainfall observation from some of the NTT seasonal zone (ZOM) from 1991to 2016. Meanwhile, the gridded data of SST around NTT was obtained from Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). For the amplitude of MJO, the data was downloaded from the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM)’s website. This study used a statistical approach of conditional probability and gamma correlation to identify the impact of MJO-SST coupling interaction on rainfall variability in NTT. The results of this study showed that during rainy seasons and MJO located in phase 5, they are still a high probability of rainfall appearing in most NTT regions, even though SST is in cooling condition. The evidence shows that the result provides insights into the adequacy of MJO caused high rainfall variability in almost NTT regions in all of SST condition.
Bioremediation in the Marine Environment: Challenges and Prospective Methods for Enhancement
Authors: Agustina Tan Watumesa , Celina Gabrielle , Pranawijaya Stephanie
Published: March 2023

Bioremediation is a low-cost, clean, and environmentally friendly method in managing marine pollution. Despite its great potential, marine bioremediation has its own challenges. As an open system, limited nutrients and fluctuating environmental conditions in the ocean affect the metabolism of degrading microorganisms, thus influencing the biodegradation rate. Multiple strategies have been employed to enhance the bioremediation rate at varying degrees of success. This review discusses these strategies from the perspective of experimental studies under controlled conditions and their potential applications for bioremediation. The addition of nutrients or other electron acceptors (biostimulation), as well as competent microbes to the contaminated site (bioaugmentation), have been reported to enhance pollutant degradation rate. Further modifications, such as using immobilized cells and genetic engineering have been employed to enhance the effectiveness of bioaugmentation. It is possible to combine more than one of these strategies to complement each other. However, one should note that all the reports to date were mostly done at the laboratory scale. Further studies need to be conducted by considering other factors such as climate, location, and types of pollutants, for the improvement of pollutant removal from the marine environment as a whole.
Modelling surface light scattering for inverse two-dimensional reflector design
Authors: Kronberg Vì Cecilia Erik , Anthonissen Martijn J.H. , ten Thije Boonkkamp Jan H.M. , IJzerman Wilbert L.
Published: March 2023

We present a novel approach of modelling surface light scattering in the context of two-dimensional reflector design, relying on energy conservation and optimal transport theory. For isotropic scattering in cylindrically or rotationally symmetric systems with in-plane scattering, the scattered light distribution can be expressed as a convolution between a scattering function, which characterises the optical properties of the surface, and a specular light distribution. Deconvolving this expression allows for traditional specular reflector design procedures to be used, whilst accounting for scattering. This approach thus constitutes solving the inverse problem of light scattering, allowing for direct computation of the reflector surface, without the need for design iterations.
Psychotherapeutische Arbeit mit Angehörigen und Paaren bei
psychischen und körperlichen Erkrankungen
Authors: Zimmermann Tanja , Wuttke Alexandra , Ditzen Beate
Published: March 2023

Eine körperliche oder psychische Erkrankung trifft neben
Patient*innen auch das familiäre Umfeld. Gerade den direkten
(pflegenden) Angehörigen kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung in der
Krankheitsbewältigung zu. Sie werden allerdings oft als unsichtbare
Patient*innen in der zweiten Reihe übersehen. An den Beispielen
Krebs, Demenz und Schmerz wird die psychotherapeutische Arbeit mit
Angehörigen und Paaren dargestellt.
DNA Methylation of POMC and NR3C1-1F and Its
Implication in Major Depressive Disorder and Electroconvulsive
Therapy
Authors: Maier Hannah B. , Moschny Nicole , Eberle Franziska , Jahn Kirsten , Folsche Thorsten , Schülke Rasmus , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Neyazi Alexandra
Published: March 2023

Introduction Precision medicine in psychiatry is still in its infancy. To
establish patient-tailored treatment, adequate indicators predicting treatment
response are required. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered one of the
most effective options for pharmacoresistant major depressive disorder (MDD),
yet remission rates were reported to be below 50%.

Methods Since epigenetics of the stress response system seem to play a
role in MDD, we analyzed the DNA methylation (DNAm) of genes encoding the
glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
through Sanger Sequencing. For analysis, blood was taken before and after the
first and last ECT from MDD patients (n=31), unmedicated depressed
controls (UDC; n=19, baseline), and healthy controls (HC; n=20,
baseline).

Results Baseline DNAm in NR3C1 was significantly lower in UDCs
compared to both other groups (UDC: 0.014(±0.002), ECT:
0.031(±0.001), HC: 0.024(±0.002); p<0.001), whereas
regarding POMC, ECT patients had the highest DNAm levels (ECT:
0.252(±0.013), UDC: 0.156(±0.015), HC: 0.162(±0.014);
p<0.001). NR3C1m and POMCm decreased after the first ECT
(NR3C1: p<0.001; POMC: p=0.001), and
responders were less methylated compared to non-responders in
NR3C1(p<0.001).

Discussion Our findings indicate that both genes might play a role in the
chronification of depression and NR3C1 may be relevant for ECT response
prediction.
A Direct Arylation Approach for the Preparation of Benzothiadiazole-Based Fluorophores for Application in Luminescent Solar ­Concentrators
Authors: Mordini Alessandro , Calamante Massimo , Papucci Costanza , Ventura Francesco , Franchi Daniele , Dessi Alessio , Pucci Andrea , Reginato Gianna , Zani Lorenzo
Published: March 2023

A straightforward synthetic protocol featuring direct C–H arylations as key steps has been optimized to prepare two benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole (BTD)-based organic fluorophores. Their light absorption and emission properties, as well as their affinity with poly(methyl methacrylate) as the chosen polymer matrix, were found to be suitable for application in luminescent solar concentrators. Solar-concentration devices were fabricated with both emitters, and their relevant optical and photovoltaic properties are presented.
Examination of Proximodistal Patellar Position in Dogs with the Stifle at Full Extension
Authors: Murakami Sawako , Shimada Masakazu , Hara Yasushi
Published: March 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to functional patella alta, with which the proximodistal patellar position exceeds the reference range of healthy small dogs proximally when the stifle is at full extension.

Study Design Mediolateral-view radiographs of dogs weighing less than 15 kg were obtained and classified into the medial patellar luxation (MPL) and control groups. The reference range of the proximodistal patellar position was determined from the control group. In both groups, a patellar position exceeding this reference range proximally was considered functional patella alta. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors related to functional patella alta. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was made for each factor.

Results Overall, radiographs of 127 stifles of 75 dogs were obtained. Eleven stifles in the MPL group and one stifle in the control group were determined to be functional patella alta. The factors associated with functional patella alta included a greater full extension angle of the stifle joint, longer patellar ligament, and shorter femoral trochlear length. The full extension angle of the stifle joint had the biggest area under the ROC curve.

Conclusion Mediolateral radiographs of the stifle joint in full extension are clinically important in dogs with MPL because some dogs might have a proximally positioned patella that is recognizable only when the stifles are extended.
Measurement Analysis of Ice Ball Size during CT-Guided Cryoablation Procedures for Better Prediction of Final Ice Ball Size and Avoidance of Complications
Authors: Al-Assam Hayder , Botchu Rajesh , Azzopardi Christine , Stevenson Jonathan Daniel , James Steven L. , Patel Anish
Published: March 2023

Introduction Cryoablation is the destruction of living tissue by the application of extreme freezing temperature. There has been an increase in the use of cryoablation in the management of musculoskeletal lesions, in particular fibromatosis.

Aim This study aimed to measure the average and relative increase in size of the cryoablation ice ball after the first (10 minutes) and second freeze cycles (20 minutes) to accurately predict the size of the ice ball between first and second freezes to help prevent any unwanted damage of the nearby skin and neurovascular structures. This is especially important when ablating in relatively small body parts such as in the appendicular skeleton.

Material and Methods Eight patients treated with cryoablation over a 12-month period for fibromatosis were, included in the study. The size and volume of the ice ball were measured during the first and second cycle of cryoablation.

Results The average patient age of the cohort was 35.6 years old (min 28 and max 43). There was female predominance in the study (3:2, F:M). There was a significant increase (26%) in the linear dimensions and almost doubling in the volume of the ice ball between freeze cycles (p-value = 0.0037 for dimensions and p-value = 0.0002 for volumes).

Conclusion This pilot study is a preliminary attempt to predict the eventual size of the ice ball during cryoablation procedures when treating cases of fibromatosis. This should help in planning cryoablation to ensure decrease morbidity by preventing injury to adjacent critical structures (neurovascular bundle and skin).
Utilizing cyberplace managers to prevent and control cybercrimes: a vignette experimental study
Authors: Ho Heemeng , Gilmour John , Mazerolle Lorraine , Ko Ryan
Published: March 2023

Place management is central to Routine Activities Theory and proactive utilization of place managers is one of 25 Situational Crime Prevention techniques. Yet little is known about the effectiveness of using place managers to prevent cybercrimes. This paper uses a vignette experimental survey of 213 cybersecurity professionals to explore their perceptions of cybercrime prevention. We find that organizations that partner with and proactively utilize cybersecurity professionals as place managers are perceived as more effective in controlling cybercrimes than those organizations that do not specifically assign professionals to proactively prevent and control cybercrimes. We conclude that assigned cyberplace managers are more likely to use their cyber skills and knowledge than those who lack the time and space to utilize their cyber expertise.
Local additivity revisited
Authors: Ruskai Mary Beth , Yard Jon
Published: March 2023

We make a number of simplifications in Gour and Friedland’s proof of local additivity of the minimum output entropy of a quantum channel. We follow them in reframing the question as one about the entanglement entropy of bipartite states associated with a dB × dE matrix. We use a different approach to reduce the general case to that of a square positive definite matrix. We use the integral representation of the log to obtain expressions for the first and second derivatives of the entropy, and then exploit the modular operator and functional calculus to streamline the proof following their underlying strategy. We also extend this result to the maximum relative entropy with respect to a fixed reference state, which has important implications for studying the superadditivity of the capacity of a quantum channel to transmit classical information.
Three-dimensional coupling of electron cyclotron drift instability and ion–ion two stream instability
Authors: Denig A. C. , Hara K.
Published: March 2023

Electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) and ion–ion two stream instability (IITSI) are both kinetic instabilities that can be present in low-temperature, partially magnetized plasmas. The coupling of instabilities in a three-dimensional configuration leads to the existence of more than one unstable roots to the kinetic dispersion relation. In this paper, a generalized method has been developed for numerically evaluating solutions to the three-dimensional dispersion relation for coupled ECDI and IITSI, assuming cold singly and doubly charged ions and a Maxwellian velocity distribution function for the electrons. The present study demonstrates the coupling between ECDI and IITSI that affects the most unstable mode as a function of the wavenumbers in three dimensions and various plasma properties, including the applied electric field, magnetic field, electron temperature, ion velocities, and plasma density. One of the most notable results is that, while the most unstable mode with the largest growth rate is in the direction of the E×B drift in the two-dimensional cases, the most unstable mode for the three-dimensional configuration occurs in the oblique direction between the applied electric field and the E×B drift. This agrees with experimental observations in cross field plasma sources using coherent Thomson scattering.
High resolution Thomson scattering diagnostic for measurements of radial profiles of electron temperature and density in the gas dynamic trap
Authors: Lizunov A. , Berbasova T. , Khilchenko A. , Kvashnin A. , Puryga E. , Sandomirsky A. , Zubarev P.
Published: March 2023

The incoherent Thomson scattering diagnostic with multiple lines of sight is installed at the gas dynamic trap (GDT) for measurements of radial profiles of the plasma electron temperature and density. The diagnostic is built on the Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm. The laser input beamline is provided with an automatic system for alignment status monitoring and correction. The collecting lens uses ∼90° scattering geometry having 11 lines of sight in total. Presently, six of them (covering the full plasma radius from the axis to the limiter) are equipped with high etendue (f/2.4) interference filter spectrometers. The design of the spectrometer’s data acquisition system based on the “time stretch” principle allowed for the 12 bits vertical resolution with a sampling rate of 5 GSample/s and a maximum sustainable measurement repetition frequency of 40 kHz. The repetition frequency is the crucial parameter for the study of plasma dynamics with a new pulse burst laser to be started in early 2023. Results of the diagnostic operation in several GDT campaigns show that radial profiles are routinely delivered with the typical observation error of 2%–3% for Te ⩾ 20 eV in a single pulse. After Raman scattering calibration, the diagnostic is capable to measure the electron density profile with the resolution ne(min)≃4⋅1018m−3 and error bars of 5%.
A machine learning framework for elastic constants predictions in multi-principal element alloys
Authors: Linton Nathan , Aidhy Dilpuneet S.
Published: March 2023

On the one hand, multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) have created a paradigm shift in alloy design due to large compositional space, whereas on the other, they have presented enormous computational challenges for theory-based materials design, especially density functional theory (DFT), which is inherently computationally expensive even for traditional dilute alloys. In this paper, we present a machine learning framework, namely PREDICT (PRedict properties from Existing Database In Complex alloys Territory), that opens a pathway to predict elastic constants in large compositional space with little computational expense. The framework only relies on the DFT database of binary alloys and predicts Voigt–Reuss–Hill Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, elastic constants, and Poisson’s ratio in MPEAs. We show that the key descriptors of elastic constants are the A–B bond length and cohesive energy. The framework can predict elastic constants in hypothetical compositions as long as the constituent elements are present in the database, thereby enabling property exploration in multi-compositional systems. We illustrate predictions in a FCC Ni-Cu-Au-Pd-Pt system.
Bifurcation analysis in an epidemic model on adaptive networks
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang JinRong
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study a delayed adaptive network epidemic model in which the local spatial connections of susceptible and susceptible individuals have time-delay effects on the rate of demographic change of local spatial connections of susceptible and susceptible individuals. We prove that the Hopf bifurcation occurs at the critical value τ0 with delay τ as the bifurcation parameter. Then, by using the normal form method and the central manifold theory, the criteria for the bifurcation direction and stability are derived. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to show the feasibility of our results.