bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly promiscuous paternity in mainland and island populations of the endangered Northern Quoll
Authors: Chan R. , Dunlop J. , Spencer P. B. S.
Published: October 2019

Polyandry is a commonly utilized strategy in mammalian reproductive systems, where females engage in mating with multiple males to increase either the genetic diversity or quality of their offspring. Some species also exhibit male semelparity, a peculiar life‐history trait where all or most males within a population begin to die following mating. The northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) possesses both of these reproductive adaptations, and females of this species may produce up to eight young in a single litter. Here we aimed to quantify whether there was any difference in female quolls’ choice of male sires between two genetically distinct populations located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia (one mainland‐dwelling and one island‐dwelling population). The total parentage exclusion probability was 0.9999 for excluding a candidate parent from parentage, given the genotype of a known mother. Overall, we found that every litter had young resulting from multiple males. In some litters, a different male fathered every offspring. Thus, northern quolls demonstrated a greater level of polyandry than has previously been detected in marsupials. Furthermore, females from the less genetically diverse island population exercised mate choice and preferentially bred with males that were, on average, 20% smaller than a different male randomly sampled from the island. There was no detectable difference with regard to male sire body size in the mainland population, indicating a difference of selective pressures for the two populations.
Proactive, Responsible, and in Good Faith: Network Diplomacy in Mexico’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Authors: Alejo Antonio , Villanueva Ulfgard Rebecka
Published: October 2019

This article provides insight into Mexico’s experience with network diplomacy by highlighting the role of the Directorate General for Liaison with Civil Society Organizations within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. We take the Directorate as coordination central or a focal point for channeling specific interests on the part of civil‐society organizations to different areas within the ministry dealing with multilateral issues, which facilitates and keeps a track record of growing demands for inclusive diplomacy. Our research takes stock of legal–institutional provisions for the Directorate, and its outreach activities from 2012–2018; it includes a brief examination of its engagement with civil‐society organizations in the design of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We find evidence of an evolution of network diplomacy in Mexico, and the intensification of the role of the Directorate. Meanwhile, the shift toward network diplomacy challenges more traditional understandings of Mexican diplomacy in a wider context of rapid change and proliferation of civil‐society organizations seeking to participate in global governance.
Alkali‐halogen metasomatism of theCMcarbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Lee M. R. , Cohen B. E. , King A. J.
Published: October 2019

Meteorite Hills (MET) 01075 is unique among theCMcarbonaceous chondrites in containing the feldspathoid mineral sodalite, and hence it may provide valuable evidence for a nebular or parent body process that has not been previously recorded by this meteorite group.MET01075 is composed of aqueously altered chondrules and calcium‐ and aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs) in a matrix that is predominantly made of serpentine‐ and tochilinite‐rich particles. The chondrules have been impact flattened and define a foliation petrofabric. Sodalite occurs in a 0.6 mm sizeCAIthat also contains spinel, perovskite, and diopside together with Fe‐rich phyllosilicate and calcite. By analogy with feldspathoid‐bearingCAIs in theCVandCOcarbonaceous chondrites, the sodalite is interpreted to have formed by replacement of melilite or anorthite during alkali‐halogen metasomatism in a parent body environment. While it is possible that theCAIwas metasomatized in a precursor parent body, then excavated and incorporated into theMET01075 parent body, in situ metasomatism is the favored model. The brief episode of relatively high temperature water–rock interaction was driven by radiogenic or impact heating, and most of the evidence for metasomatism was erased by subsequent lower temperature aqueous alteration.MET01075 is very unusual in sampling aCMparent body region that underwent early alkali‐halogen metasomatism and has retained one of its products.
New lunar meteorite NWA 10986: A mingled impact melt breccia from the highlands—A complete cross section of the lunar crust
Authors: Roberts S. E. , McCanta M. C. , Jean M. M. , Taylor L. A.
Published: October 2019

Northwest Africa (NWA) 10986 is a new mingled lunar meteorite found in 2015 in Western Sahara. This impact melt breccia contains abundant impact melt glass and clasts as large as 0.75 mm. Clasts are predominantly plagioclase and pyroxene‐rich and represent both highland and basalt lithologies. Highland lithologies include troctolites, gabbronorites, anorthositic norites, and troctolitic anorthosites. Basalt lithologies include crystalline clasts with large zoned pyroxenes representing very low titanium to low titanium basalts. In situ geochemical analysis of minerals within clasts indicates that they represent ferroan anorthosite, Mg‐suite, and gabbronorite lithologies as defined by the Apollo sample collection. Clasts representing magnesian anorthosite, or “gap” lithologies, are prevalent in this meteorite. Whole rock and in situ impact glass measurements indicate low incompatible trace element concentrations. Basalt clasts also have low incompatible trace element concentrations and lack evolved KREEP mineralogy although pyroxferroite grains are present. The juxtaposition of evolved, basaltic clasts without KREEP signatures and highland lithologies suggests that these basaltic clasts may represent cryptomare. The lithologies found in NWA 10986 offer a unique and possibly a complete cross section view of the Moon sourced outside of the Procellarum KREEP Terrane.
Second messengers and divergent HD‐GYP phosphodiesterases regulate 3′,3′‐cGAMP signaling
Authors: Wright Todd A. , Jiang Lucy , Park James J. , Anderson Wyatt A. , Chen Ge , Hallberg Zachary F. , Nan Beiyan , Hammond Ming C.
Published: October 2019

3′,3′‐cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) is the third cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) to be discovered in bacteria. No activators of cGAMP signaling have yet been identified, and the signaling pathways for cGAMP have been inferred to display a narrow distribution based upon the characterized synthases, DncV and Hypr GGDEFs. Here, we report that the ubiquitous second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an activator of the Hypr GGDEF enzyme GacB from Myxococcus xanthus. Furthermore, we show that GacB is inhibited directly by cyclic di‐GMP, which provides evidence for cross‐regulation between different CDN pathways. Finally, we reveal that the HD‐GYP enzyme PmxA is a cGAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase (GAP) that promotes resistance to osmotic stress in M. xanthus. A signature amino acid change in PmxA was found to reprogram substrate specificity and was applied to predict the presence of non‐canonical HD‐GYP phosphodiesterases in many bacterial species, including phyla previously not known to utilize cGAMP signaling.
HMS1 interacts with HMS1I to regulate very‐long‐chain fatty acid biosynthesis and the humidity‐sensitive genic male sterility in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Chen Huiqiong , Zhang Zhiguo , Ni Erdong , Lin Jianwen , Peng Guoqing , Huang Jilei , Zhu Liya , Deng Li , Yang Fanfan , Luo Qian , Sun Wei , Liu Zhenlan , Zhuang Chuxiong , Liu Yao‐Guang , Zhou Hai
Published: October 2019

Environment‐sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS) lines are used widely in two‐line hybrid breeding in rice (Oryza sativa). At present, photoperiod‐sensitive genic male sterility (PGMS) lines and thermo‐sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) lines are predominantly used in two‐line hybrid rice, with humidity‐sensitive genic male sterility (HGMS) lines rarely being reported.

Here, it is shown that HUMIDITY‐SENSITIVE GENIC MALE STERILITY 1 (HMS1), encoding a β‐ketoacyl‐CoA synthase, plays key roles in the biosynthesis of very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and HGMS in rice.

The hms1 mutant displayed decreased seed setting under low humidity, but normal seed setting under high humidity. HMS1 catalyzed the biosynthesis of the C26 and C28 VLCFAs, contributing to the formation of bacula and tryphine in the pollen wall, which protect the pollen from dehydration. Under low‐humidity conditions, hms1 pollen showed poor adhesion and reduced germination on the stigmas, which could be rescued by increasing humidity. HMS1‐INTERACTING PROTEIN (HMS1I) interacted with HMS1 to coregulate HGMS. Furthermore, both japonica and indica rice varieties with defective HMS1 exhibited HGMS, suggesting that hms1 potentially could be used in hybrid breeding.

The results herein reveal the novel mechanism of VLCFA‐mediated pollen wall formation, which protects pollen from low‐humidity stress in rice, and has a potential use in hybrid crop breeding.
Ribosome assembly factor Adenylate Kinase 6 maintains cell proliferation and cell size homeostasis during root growth
Authors: Slovak Radka , Setzer Claudia , Roiuk Mykola , Bertels Jonas , Göschl Christian , Jandrasits Katharina , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , Busch Wolfgang
Published: October 2019

From the cellular perspective, organ growth is determined by production and growth of cells. Uncovering how these two processes are coordinated is essential for understanding organogenesis and regulation of organ growth.

We utilized phenotypic and genetic variation of 252 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana to conduct genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) for identifying genes underlying root growth variation; using a T‐DNA line candidate approach, we identified one gene involved in root growth control and characterized its function using microscopy, root growth kinematics, G2/M phase cell count, ploidy levels and ribosome polysome profiles.

We identified a factor contributing to root growth control: Arabidopsis Adenylate Kinase 6 (AAK6). AAK6 is required for normal cell production and normal cell elongation, and its natural genetic variation is involved in determining root growth differences between Arabidopsis accessions. A lack of AAK6 reduces cell production in the aak6 root apex, but this is partially compensated for by longer mature root cells. Thereby, aak6 mutants exhibit compensatory cell enlargement, a phenomenon unexpected in roots. Moreover, aak6 plants accumulate 80S ribosomes while the polysome profile remains unchanged, consistent with a phenotype of perturbed ribosome biogenesis.

In conclusion, AAK6 impacts ribosome abundance, cell production and thereby root growth.
Range and timing of surgery, and surgical sequences used, in primary repair of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate: The Cleft Care UK study
Authors: Slator Rona , Perisanidou Lydia Iyamu , Waylen Andrea , Sandy Jonathan , Ness Andy , Wills Andrew K.
Published: October 2019

Objects

To describe the range of surgery used to repair the lip and palate in the UK with specific interest in the sequence/timing used in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (cUCLP).

Setting and Sample Population

The Cleft Care UK study, a cross‐sectional study of 268 5‐year‐olds, born from 2005 to 2007, with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Materials & Methods

Information on surgery was extracted from medical notes by surgeons during research clinics and transcribed onto a standardized questionnaire.

Results

Surgical data were available for 251 (94%) children from all cleft centres in the UK (n = 18). Over a two‐year period, 32 surgeons used 10 different surgical sequences in primary repair of the cleft lip and palate. The most frequently used sequence was repair of cleft lip and anterior hard palate followed by repair of posterior hard palate and soft palate (70%). Four surgical sequences were used only once. Most surgeons had a preferred sequence, but 38% (11/29) used more than one sequence during the study period. The timing of repair of the lip, the hard palate and the soft palate varied with surgical sequence, and also between surgeons, even adjusting for the different sequences used.

Conclusion

Despite centralization of cleft services in the UK, there remains considerable variation in both the sequence and timing of surgical repair of cleft lip and palate in infancy. Further work is required to understand whether these factors are associated with differences in outcome.
Discovery and Identification of Serum Succinyl‐Proteome for Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis and Osteopenia
Authors: Zhang Li‐li , Li Chun‐wen , Liu Kang , Liu Zhong , Liang Bo‐cheng , Yang Yi‐ran , Shi Xiao‐lin
Published: October 2019

Objective

For the purpose of providing evidence for the treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia, this study retrospectively identified succinylation‐modified sites and proteins in postmenopausal women, and bioinformatics analysis were performed.

Methods

From January 2016 to June 2018, a total of 30 postmenopausal women aged from 55 to 70 years old were assigned to three groups: 10 cases with osteoporosis; 10 cases with osteopenia; and 10 cases with normal bone mass. Subsequently, the serum samples were collected from all cases for succinyl‐proteome. Measures comprised label‐free quantitative analysis, succinylation enrichment techniques, the liquid chromatograph–mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (LC‐MS/MS) methods, and bioinformatics.

Results

A total of 113 succinylation sites on 35 proteins were identified based on quantitative information. The variation of the different multiple folds were more than 1.2 times as a significant increase for up‐regulated and less than 1/1.2 times as a significant decrease for down‐regulated. Among the quantified succinylation sites, 66 were up‐regulated and 11 down‐regulated in the Osteopenia/Normal comparison group, 24 were up‐regulated and 44 down‐regulated in the Osteoporosis/Osteopenia comparison group, 45 were up‐regulated and 32 down‐regulated in the Osteoporosis/Normal comparison group. Among the quantified succinylation proteins, 24 were up‐regulated and 7 down‐regulated in the Osteopenia/Normal comparison group, 15 were up‐regulated and 20 down‐regulated in the Osteoporosis/Osteopenia comparison group, 20 were up‐regulated and 17 down‐regulated in the Osteoporosis/Normal comparison group. The percentage of proteins differed in immune response, signaling pathway, proteolysis, lymphocyte, leukocyte, and cell activation. Four differentially expressed proteins (apolipoprotein A‐I, apolipoprotein A‐II, hemoglobin subunit alpha, and haptoglobin) contained quantitative information; they were mediated with receptors, factors, mechanisms, that related to bone metabolism. Hemoglobin subunit alpha was screened for diagnosis of osteopenia.

Conclusions

The succinyl‐proteome experimental data indicated that apolipoprotein A‐I, apolipoprotein A‐II, hemoglobin subunit alpha, and haptoglobin were valuable for diagnosis and treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and osteopenia.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Pasteurized Autograft and Intramedullary Vascularized Fibular Transfer for Osteosarcoma of the Femoral Diaphysis
Authors: Liu Tang , Ling Lin , Zhang Qing , Liu Yong , Guo Xiaoning
Published: October 2019

Objective

To assess the treatment of osteosarcomas of the femoral diaphysis through wide en bloc excision and reconstruction of the defect by pasteurized autograft combined with vascularized fibular transfer.

Methods

A single‐center, retrospective study was performed of 15 selected patients (six females, nine males) whose lesion in the middle diaphysis of the femur were treated by en bloc excision and reconstruction of the bone defect with recycled pasteurized autograft combined with vascularized fibular graft between January 2000 and December 2011. The primary diagnoses of the patients were osteosarcoma (15 patients), and one of these patients had a pathological fracture. The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 22.3 years (range, 10–40 years). All these cases of bone tumors were staged according to Ennekingʼs criteria with three stage IIA cases, and 12 stage IIB cases. The patients were examined clinically and radiologically every month during the first 6 months after surgery to exclude the evidence of infection and local recurrence, then at 3‐monthly intervals for 2 years and then at 6‐monthly intervals for life. Function was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Scoring system (MSTS).

Results

At a mean follow‐up of 65.1 months (range, 31–131 months), all the patients had achieved bony union at the final follow‐up. The mean time to bone union of the proximal junctions of vascularized fibula was 8.7 months (range, 6.0–13.0 months) and that of the distal junctions was 9.2 months (range, 6.0–12.0 months). Mean union time of the proximal junctions of the pasteurized autogenous bone was 14.3 months (range, 10.0–25.0 months) and that of the distal junctions was 15.6 months (range, 10.0–27.0 months). There were two fractures of the pasteurized bone during the operation. One patient, in whom the plate had been removed after union at 3 years postoperatively, sustained a fracture in a fall. This was treated with external fixation and united uneventfully. One patient, in whom two of the proximal screws had been broken, developed coxa vara. There was no infection. There were three pulmonary metastases and no local recurrence. The mean function score was 81.8%. Five patients died of their underlying disease, and the disease‐specific survival of patients was 69.1%.

Conclusions

Pasteurized autogenous bone graft combined with a vascularized fibula graft is a useful reconstruction method for large bone defects after resection of osteosarcoma in the femur.
Mixed Reality Combined with Three‐Dimensional Printing Technology in Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Updated Review with a Preliminary Case Presentation
Authors: Lei Peng‐fei , Su Shi‐long , Kong Ling‐yu , Wang Cheng‐gong , Zhong Da , Hu Yi‐he
Published: October 2019

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology, virtual reality, and augmented reality technology have been used to help surgeons to complete complex total hip arthroplasty, while their respective shortcomings limit their further application. With the development of technology, mixed reality (MR) technology has been applied to improve the success rate of complicated hip arthroplasty because of its unique advantages. We presented a case of a 59‐year‐old man with an intertrochanteric fracture in the left femur, who had received a prior left hip fusion. After admission to our hospital, a left total hip arthroplasty was performed on the patient using a combination of MR technology and 3D printing technology. Before surgery, 3D reconstruction of a certain bony landmark exposed in the surgical area was first performed. Then a veneer part was designed according to the bony landmark and connected to a reference registration landmark outside the body through a connecting rod. After that, the series of parts were made into a holistic reference registration instrument using 3D printing technology, and the patient's data for bone and surrounding tissue, along with digital 3D information of the reference registration instrument, were imported into the head‐mounted display (HMD). During the operation, the disinfected reference registration instrument was installed on the selected bony landmark, and then the automatic real‐time registration was realized by HMD through recognizing the registration landmark on the reference registration instrument, whereby the patient's virtual bone and other anatomical structures were quickly and accurately superimposed on the real body of the patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use MR combined with 3D printing technology in total hip arthroplasty.
The Influence of Pelvic Tilt on the Anteversion Angle of the Acetabular Prosthesis
Authors: Yang Guoyue , Li Yayue , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2019

The concept of the “safe area” of the acetabular prosthesis has a long history and has been recognized by many scholars. It is generally believed that postoperative hip dislocation rate is low, when the acetabular anteversion angle is placed in the range of 15° ± 10°. Despite this, hip dislocation is a common complication after total hip arthroplasty. In recent years, more and more scholars have paid attention to the influence of pelvic tilt on the acetabular anteversion angle. The concept of acetabular anteversion changes as the pelvic tilt changes, and is challenging the traditional acetabular prosthesis “safe area.” This study summarized the potential influencing factors of pelvic tilt and discussed the influence of the phenomenon on the anteversion angle of total hip arthroplasty (THA) acetabular prosthesis based on the literature review. We conclude that from the supine position to standing, followed by sitting, the pelvis tends to move backward. Pelvic sagittal activity, lumbar disease (ankylosing spondylitis), lumbar fusion (lumbar fusion, spine‐pelvic fusion), and other factors related to the tilt are THA risk factors for postoperative dislocation and revision. With the change of body position, the degree of acetabular anteversion is directly related to the degree of pelvic tilt. The acetabular anteversion varies greatly, which leads to increased hip prosthesis wear and even hip dislocation. The lateral X‐ray of the spine and pelvis is recommended in supine, standing, and sitting positions before THA. In addition, the pelvic tilt should be regarded as a reference of the acetabular prosthesis in the preoperative planning of THA.
What has been done will be done again
Authors: Blanc Paul D.
Published: October 2019

See related Article

See related Article

See related Article
Exploring livelihood transitions in the Mekong delta
Authors: Betcherman Gordon , Haque Iftekharul , Marschke Melissa
Published: October 2019

Important environmental and economic changes are transforming livelihoods in coastal communes throughout the Mekong delta. In the process, the historical reliance on rice farming and fishing has become less viable and sustainable, forcing households to construct more complex livelihood strategies. To document these livelihood transformations, we have analyzed primary survey data from 346 households across eight coastal communes in Ca Mau Province, located in the southern tip of Vietnam's Mekong delta. We find that there was a great deal of change in the livelihoods of survey respondents over the decade covered by the survey with over 40 per cent of all households reporting a change in their primary source of income. For the most part, these changing livelihood patterns describe a successful adjustment process whereby many households partly or completely left activities that did not offer high returns for other activities that offer more, or were able to combine livelihood activities to successfully adjust. However, we argue that not all fisheries‐based households have the financial or human capital to take advantage of the opportunities arising from Vietnam's seafood boom or economic development more generally. Poverty remains prevalent for those locked into extensive aquaculture and especially farming.
Eccentric contraction–induced muscle damage in human flexor pollicis brevis is accompanied by impairment of motor nerve
Authors: Ochi Eisuke , Ueda Hisashi , Tsuchiya Yosuke , Kouzaki Karina , Nakazato Koichi
Published: October 2019

Background

Eccentric contractions (ECCs) cause muscle damage. In addition, we showed that ECCs induce nerve dysfunction and damage with rats and human.

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) for flexor pollicis brevis muscle (FPBM) after ECCs.

Methods

Twelve men (years, 19.8 ± 1.7 years; height, 172.4 ± 7.0 cm; weight, 64.0 ± 8.6 kg) performed maximal 100 ECCs on their FPBM of non‐dominant hands with torque dynamometer. The dominant hands were control (CON). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), range of motion (ROM), DOMS, and MCV were assessed before, immediately post, and 1, 2, and 5 days after ECCs. MCV was calculated as the distance by stimulation divided by the latencies of the waveforms generated. Values were statistically analyzed by two‐way ANOVA, and the significance level was set at P < .05.

Results

Decreases in MVC immediately (−32.9%) to 5 days after ECCs were significantly greater (P < .05) than for the CON group. ROM showed a significant decrease immediately (−21.6%) after ECCs compared with before ECCs and CON group (P < .05). DOMS after ECCs increased at 1 and 2 days (5.0 cm) after ECCs compared with before ECCs and CON (P < .05). Also, MCV after ECCs delayed significantly from immediately (−36.4%), 1, 2, and 5 days after ECCs compared with CON (P < .05), while no significant change in M‐wave amplitude was observed over time for both ECCs and CON.

Conclusion

The present study showed that ECCs of the FPBM cause a significant delay in MCV of median nerve.
Menstrual and oral contraceptive cycle phases do not affect submaximal and maximal exercise responses
Authors: Mattu Anmol T. , Iannetta Danilo , MacInnis Martin J. , Doyle‐Baker Patricia K. , Murias Juan M.
Published: October 2019

To examine whether the menstrual or monophasic oral contraceptive cycle phases affect submaximal (oxygen uptake (O2) kinetics, maximal lactate steady‐state (MLSS)) and maximal (O2max, time‐to‐exhaustion (TTE)) responses to exercise in healthy, active women. During the mid‐follicular or inactive‐pill phase and the mid‐luteal or active‐pill phase of the respective menstrual or oral contraceptive cycle, 15 non‐oral contraceptive users (mean and standard deviation (SD) (±): 27 ± 6 years; 171 ± 5 cm; 65 ± 7 kg) and 15 monophasic oral contraceptive users (24 ± 4 years; 169 ± 10 cm; 68 ± 10 kg) performed: one O2 kinetics test; one ramp‐incremental test; two to three 30‐minute constant‐load cycling trials to determine the power output corresponding to MLSS (MLSSp), followed by a TTE trial. The phase of the menstrual or oral contraceptive cycle did not affect the time constant of the O2 kinetics response (τO2) (mid‐follicular, 20 ± 5 seconds and mid‐luteal, 18 ± 3 seconds; inactive‐pill, 22 ± 8 seconds and active‐pill, 23 ± 6 seconds), O2max (mid‐follicular, 3.06 ± 0.32 L min−1 and mid‐luteal, 3.00 ± 0.33 L min−1; inactive‐pill, 2.87 ± 0.39 L min−1 and active‐pill, 2.87 ± 0.45 L min−1), MLSSp (mid‐follicular, 181 ± 30 W and mid‐luteal, 182 ± 29 W; inactive‐pill, 155 ± 26 W and active‐pill, 155 ± 27 W), and TTE (mid‐follicular, 147 ± 42 seconds and mid‐luteal, 128 ± 54 seconds; inactive‐pill, 146 ± 70 seconds and active‐pill, 139 ± 77 seconds) (P > .05). The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at minute 30 of the MLSSp trials was greater in the mid‐follicular phase (6.2 ± 1.5) compared with the mid‐luteal phase (5.3 ± 1.4) for non‐oral contraceptive users (P = .022). The hormonal fluctuations between the menstrual and oral contraceptive cycle phases had no detectable effects on submaximal and maximal exercise performance, even when RPE differed.
Conspiracies beyond Fake News. Produsing Reinformation on Presidential Elections in the Transnational Hybrid Media System
Authors: Pyrhönen Niko , Bauvois Gwenaëlle
Published: October 2019

As presidential elections carry the promise of distilling the contested and elusive “will of the people,” the protracted media event intensifies the public demand for exposing the transgressions of the aspiring political elite. This expectation provides fertile ground for investigative journalism, ultrapartisan smear campaigns, fake news, and full‐fledged conspiracy theories that are sometimes difficult to differentiate from one another in a hybridized media space. We compare three unique conspiracy stories—Macronleaks, Pizzagate,andVoter fraud—emerging during the previous French and American elections. We assess the divergent strategies of social action that contribute to the stories’ dissimilar patterns for intervening the political news cycle with the “reinformative toolkit” and deconstruct the common conspiratorial “masterplot” for “reinforming” the public. Focusing on online “produsers”—media users functioning as (dis)information producers—we analyze how the grassroots level participated in shaping the conspiracy stories’ synopses and channeling news‐framed, conspiratory content between mainstream and “countermedia” outlets.
Blood product wastage reduction by utilising low‐cost, low‐impact multimodal physician‐to‐physician communication initiatives
Authors: Levin J. H. , Collins L. , Adekunle O. , Jackson H. T. , Vaziri K. , Schroeder M. , Davison D.
Published: October 2019

Objectives

To assess a multimodal physician‐to‐physician communication initiative that is low in cost and impact to daily workflow to reduce blood product wastage.

Background

Blood product stewardship is an important issue in all hospital systems. Previous studies have proposed low‐cost interventions to reduce blood product wastage, but few have evaluated improvements in communication between the blood bank and providers. We undertook a prospective quality improvement project focusing on improving communication to reduce blood product wastage.

Methods

We conducted a prospective quality improvement project over the first quarter of 2017, identifying patients with issued but unused blood products. Each service overseeing the care of patients identified on the unit status report was contacted through two possible methods: (i) phone or (ii) proprietary Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 compliant digital messaging application. Collected variables included reserved blood product type and participant time spent. Outcomes included the rate of blood product release and changes in wastage compared with historical data tracked by the blood bank.

Results

Eight hundred and forty products were reserved during the study period, of which 436 (52%) were released. Average participant times ranged from 2 ± 1 min to 15 ± 4 min with no significant differences in time spent between participants (P = 0·194). Compared with the average product wastage 10 months prior to project initiation, there were significant reductions in the average wastage for platelets (5·3 ± 2·5 units vs 2·5 ± 1·5 units, P = 0·05), RBCs (6·1 ± 3·7 units vs 0 ± 0 units, P = 0·01) and overall wastage (58·3 ± 14·9 units vs 40 ± 15·7 units, P = 0·05).

Conclusion

Efforts focusing on improving provider‐to‐provider communication can reduce blood product wastage.
Five Ways in Which Computational Modeling Can Help Advance Cognitive Science: Lessons From Artificial Grammar Learning
Authors: Zuidema Willem , French Robert M. , Alhama Raquel G. , Ellis Kevin , O'Donnell Timothy J. , Sainburg Tim , Gentner Timothy Q.
Published: October 2019

There is a rich tradition of building computational models in cognitive science, but modeling, theoretical, and experimental research are not as tightly integrated as they could be. In this paper, we show that computational techniques—even simple ones that are straightforward to use—can greatly facilitate designing, implementing, and analyzing experiments, and generally help lift research to a new level. We focus on the domain of artificial grammar learning, and we give five concrete examples in this domain for (a) formalizing and clarifying theories, (b) generating stimuli, (c) visualization, (d) model selection, and (e) exploring the hypothesis space.
Protein phase separation and determinants of in cell crystallization
Authors: Mudogo Celestin N. , Falke Sven , Brognaro Hévila , Duszenko Michael , Betzel Christian
Published: October 2019

Liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells is known as a complex physicochemical process causing the formation of membrane‐less organelles (MLOs). Cells have well‐defined different membrane‐surrounded organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes, etc., however, on demand they can create MLOs as stress granules, nucleoli and P bodies to cover vital functions and regulatory activities. However, the mechanism of intracellular molecule assembly into functional compartments within a living cell remains till now not fully understood. in vitro and in vivo investigations unveiled that MLOs emerge after preceding liquid‐liquid, liquid‐gel, liquid‐semi‐crystalline, or liquid‐crystalline phase separations. Liquid‐liquid and liquid‐gel MLOs form the majority of cellular phase separation events, while the occurrence of micro‐sized crystals in cells was only rarely observed, however can be considered as a result of a preceding protein phase separation event. In vivo, also known and termed as in cellulo crystals, are reported since 1853. In some cases, they have been linked to vital cellular functions, such as storage and detoxification. However, the occurrence of in cellulo crystals is also associated to diseases like cataract, hemoglobin C diseases, etc. Therefore, better knowledge about the involved molecular processes will support drug discovery investigations to cure diseases related to in cellulo crystallization. We summarize physical and chemical determinants known today required for phase separation initiation and formation and in cellulo crystal growth. In recent years it has been demonstrated that LLPS plays a crucial role in cell compartmentalization and formation of MLOs. Here we discuss potential mechanisms and potential crowding agents involved in protein phase separation and in cellulo crystallization.
AWARENESS AND PREVALENCE OF INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS) IN IRAN
Authors: Taherkhani Roohollah , Saleh A. L.
Published: October 2019

The introduction of modern technologies and development of building systems has influenced a fundamental transformation in many aspects of construction industry. However, still in major parts of building projects, conventional methods are being used in Iran. Traditional methods cause many problems such as project prolongation, low economic efficiency, too much stuff, and low quality of products. These shortcomings are more tangible in large-scale housing projects that require a vast domain of constructions; therefore, transformation from the current conventional building systems to the industrialized building systems (IBS) is needed more than ever. In order to this transformation it is vital that first the perceptions of the industry on these issues are adequately studied in this reseach. According to the lack of strategic plans and effective measures to promote IBS at country level, in addition to introducing the level of awareness and familiarity to IBS technical knowledge, the prevalence of both IBS components implementation and using IBS in different type of projects in Iran conducted. A likert based questionnaire was designed according to the level of awareness and the prevalence of IBS was evaluated applying the mean index and average ranking method. The results indicate that the prevalence of IBS in terms of components and types of projects is not at significant level. This paper provides an overview of IBS current state in Iran. Clearly, this awareness will prompt construction industry practitioners to a deeper exchange of ideas and promoting IBS in the future.
OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE OF GREEN MACHINING ON THIN WALLED TI6AL4V USING RSM AND ANN IN TERMS OF CUTTING FORCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS
Authors: Yanis Muhammad , Mohruni Amrifan Saladin , Sharif Safian , Yani Irsyadi
Published: October 2019

Thin walled titanium alloys are mostly applied in the aerospace industry owing to their favorable characteristic such as high strength-to-weight ratio. Besides vibration, the friction at the cutting zone in milling of thin-walled Ti6Al4V will create inconsistencies in the cutting force and increase the surface roughness. Previous researchers reported the use of vegetable oils in machining metal as an effort towards green machining in reducing the undesirable cutting friction. Machining experiments were conducted under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) using coconut oil as cutting fluid, which has better oxidative stability than other vegetable oil. Uncoated carbide tools were used in this milling experiment. The influence of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut on cutting force and surface roughness were modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Experimental machining results indicated that ANN model prediction was more accurate compared to the RSM model. The maximum cutting force and surface roughness values recorded are 14.89 N, and 0.161 µm under machining conditions of 125 m/min cutting speed, 0.04 mm/tooth feed, 0.25 mm radial depth of cut (DOC) and 5 mm axial DOC.
LOW CONCENTRATION OF BISPHENOL A INDUCES PROLIFERATION OF GASTRIC CANCER CELLS, HGC-27
Authors: Hanafi Noorul Izzati , Sheikh Abdul Kadir Siti Hamimah , Musa Maslinda , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Kamaludin Roziana , Zulkifli Nur Amira , Abd Latip Normala , A Karim Zeti Rahayu
Published: October 2019

Bisphenol A, an endocrine disrupting compounds that affect human homeostasis. Studies on BPA are focusing on the impact of BPA in reproductive function and brain development. However, the effect of BPA on gut especially gastric cells is not well explored. Gut is directly in contact with ingested BPA; therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of BPA exposure on gastric cells proliferation at safe recommended concentration. Human gastric cancer cells (HGC-27) were treated with BPA at different concentration (low: 10-9M, 10-7M; high10-5M, 10-4M) and time point (24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr). Cell viability assays were determined using MTS assay. Cells were further stained with Alexa Fluor-635 (F-actin) and Fluorescein (Hif-1α) protein for immunocytofluorescence. Data were analysed using ANOVA (p<0.05, n≥3). Cells treated with 10-9M BPA showed significance increase of cell viability after 48 hr (Mean ±SEM; 146%±0.03, p=0.01) and 72 hr (113%±0.03, p=0.00) compared to 24 hr treatment (77%±0.11, p=0.002). Similarly, cell treated with 10-7M BPA showed a significance increase after 48 hr (141%±0.03, p=0.03) and 72 hr (190%±0.03, p=0.02) compared to 24 hr cells treated with 10-7M (88%±0.05, p=0.01) and untreated (100%±0.07). Lower concentration of BPA increases the condensation of F-actin in all HGC-27 cells. Meanwhile, translocation of Hif-1α protein were observed in all BPA-exposed cells. Findings of this study revealed that BPA induced proliferation and condensation of F-actin structure of gastric cancer cells at low concentration.
SIMULATION ANALYSIS ON SO₂ REDUCTION INSIDE A SEAWATER SCRUBBER
Authors: Ali Othman Nur Tantiyani , Mohd Alias Norzatul Ashirah
Published: October 2019

The marine industry is one of the industrial sectors that release sulphur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere as a result of heavy fuel oil’s combustion as an energy source. Generally, flue gas desulphurization method has been used to control the SO2 emission where seawater used as the alkaline slurry. However, usually the gas velocity at the scrubber’s wall is moderately high that could contribute to the uneven distribution of liquid droplets over the entire domain surface, and consequently can affect the amount of SO2 reduction released. Hence, the purpose of this study is to observe the gas flow pattern in the scrubber and to determine the effect of a spray nozzle angle on the SO2 reduction released. The scrubber with 4.46 m in the height, 1.35 m in the diameter and spray nozzle angle between 80-120ᵒ was designed using Ansys Fluent© version 17.2. Three factors which are gas velocity, pressure, and temperature of gas were studied to achieve the optimum SO2 reduction. The simulation result shows the declination trend in these three factors on the gas distribution as the angle of the spray nozzle is increased. The percentage of SO2 reduction is increased up to 17 % for the spray nozzle angle between 80-120ᵒ.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE SIDE CHANNEL SPILLWAY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE JUMP, CROSS FLOW AND ENERGY DISSIPATION
Authors: Legono Djoko , Hambali Roby , Krisnayanti Denik Sri
Published: October 2019

The utilization of the side channel spillway as the primary component of dam is generally due to the limitation of the available space to construct conventional spillway with design discharge capacity. Some impacts may only be identified through the hydraulic physical model study; these include the presence of the chaotic jumps at the downstream of the spillway crest, the cross flow on the steep channel, as well as the performance of the energy dissipation in the stilling basin. This paper presents the result of the experimental study of three-dimensional behaviour of flow over the entire components of the side channel spillway of Bener Dam, Indonesia. The main dam and its appurtenant components, i.e., the reservoir, the spillway crest, the spillway channel, and the energy dissipaters were built, and various discharges were introduced to study the hydraulic performance of the spillway crest, the stilling basin, the chute, and the energy dissipater. The observed data were collected and then analysed. The results show that firstly, some chaotic hydraulic jumps were found at the stilling basin at downstream spillway crest. These chaotic hydraulic jumps would produce significant vibration that may endanger the nearby structures.  Secondly, the presence of the cross flow along the steep channel downstream of the stilling basin may also need to be eliminated in such that its impact on the rise of water surface level does not create any objection. This may be carried out through the installation of baffles along the spillway channel bed. Thirdly, the presence of the hydraulic jumps at the energy dissipater basin under the design discharge has proven that the energy dissipater has performed well where local scour around the downstream structure was found to be not significant. However, to anticipate the raising of the water surface elevation at the energy dissipater basin, increasing the elevation of energy dissipater wall from +212.50 m to +215.00 m is highly recommended.
Characteristic Equation Development for Single-Slope Solar Distiller Unit Augmented With N Identical Parabolic Concentrator Integrated Evacuated Tubular Collectors
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Sharma Rahul , Kumar Dharmendra , Singh Ajay R. , Singh Desh B. , Tiwari Gopal N.
Published: October 2019

In this communication, characteristic equation for single-slope solar still augmented with N alike parabolic concentrator integrated evacuated tubular collectors has been developed which is also valid for N alike evacuated tubular collectors integrated single-slope solar distiller unit as well as passive single-slope solar distiller unit. The developed equation is similar in the form to Hottel-Whillier-Bliss equation which was developed for flat plate collector. The analytical equation development for the proposed system involves the writing of equations for its different components on the ground of equating net energy input to net energy output. The results obtained for the proposed system have been compared with the results of N alike evacuated tubular collectors integrated single-slope solar distiller unit and passive single-slope solar distiller unit. It has been concluded that the mean value of instantaneous efficiency for N alike parabolic concentrator integrated evacuated tubular collectors is higher by 42.86% and 50.82%; daily generation of freshwater is higher by 49.73% and 74.34%; and daily exergy is higher by 78.71% and 93.35% than the corresponding values for N alike evacuated tubular collector integrated single-slope solar distiller unit and passive single-slope solar distiller unit for the same basin area in that order.
Effect of Electromagnetic Force on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of the Magnetorheological Elastomer Under Compression Mode
Authors: Shi Xinxin , Liu Shaogang , Zhao Dan , Zhao Zhenghang , Cui Jin , Wang Feihao
Published: October 2019

Under the compression mode, the direction of force on the magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is parallel to the direction of electromagnetic force, so the effect of electromagnetic force on its dynamic mechanical properties cannot be ignored. Therefore, this paper focuses on the effect of electromagnetic force on the dynamic mechanical properties of MRE under compression mode. A new type of testing device was designed and processed. Under a different loading frequency, strain amplitude and external magnetic field, dynamic mechanical properties of MRE were tested, respectively. The result shows that the stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of MRE increase with the current and loading frequency. The stiffness of MRE decreases with the increase in the strain amplitude, but the energy dissipation capacity increases. Comparing the force-displacement curve of MRE with or without the effect of the electromagnetic force, it shows that the electromagnetic force has a great effect on the stiffness of MRE and little effect on its energy dissipation capacity. When the electromagnetic force is removed, the stiffness of MRE decreases, and the change rate of stiffness increases with current. The maximum change rate of stiffness is 5.65%.
Structural and Hydrodynamic Aspects of Steel Lazy Wave Riser in Deepwater
Authors: Yin Decao , Lie Halvor , Wu Jie
Published: October 2019

Exploration of oil and gas in deep and ultra-deepwater under harsh weather condition is challenging. A steel lazy wave riser (SLWR) is considered to be a cost-effective alternative to get the gas or oil flow up to the platform under these conditions. The staggered buoyant section provides buoyancy force which forms an arch shape of the SLWR. This arch shape makes the SLWR configuration flexible and isolates the dynamic responses of the upper part and lower part of the riser. However, there is a lack of full understanding of the behavior of SLWRs. This is, due to a complicated loading from waves, vessel motions and flow induced vibrations caused by ocean currents, complex structural configurations, and non-linearities. Time-domain simulation is necessary to accurately predict the dynamic responses and capture the non-linearities. Realistic fatigue damage calculation is essential in the design phase of SLWR. The design of SLWR could be optimized with a better understanding of the dynamic responses of SLWR.
Auto Ignition Study of Methane and Bio Alcohol Fuel Blends
Authors: Zheng Xuan , Jouzdani Shirin , Akih-Kumgeh Benjamin
Published: October 2019

Methane (CH4) and bio alcohols have different ignition properties. These have been extensively studied and the resulting experimental data have been used to validate chemical kinetic models. Methane is the main component of natural gas, which is of interest because of its relative availability and lower emissions compared to other hydrocarbon fuels. Given growing interest in fuel-flexible systems, there can be situations in which the combustion properties of natural gas need to be modified by adding biofuels such as bio alcohols. This can occur in dual-fuel internal combustion engines or gas turbines with dual-fuel capabilities. The combustion behavior of such blends can be understood by studying the auto ignition properties in fundamental combustion experiments. Studies of the ignition of such blends are very limited in the literature. In this work, the auto ignition of methane and bio alcohol fuel blends is investigated using a shock tube facility. The chosen bio alcohols are ethanol (C2H5OH) and n-propanol (NC3H7OH). Experiments are carried out at 3 atm and 10 atm for stoichiometric and lean mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and argon. The ignition delay times of the pure fuels are first established at conditions of constant oxygen concentration and comparable pressures. The ignition delay times of blends with 50% methane are then measured. The pyrolysis kinetics of the blends is further explored by measuring CO formation during pyrolysis of the alcohol and methane–alcohol blends. The resulting experimental data are compared with the predictions of selected chemical kinetic models to establish the ability of these models to predict the disproportionate enhancement of methane ignition by the added alcohol.