bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningococcal Vaccines of New Generations – the First 20 Years of Use
Authors: Kostyukova N. N. , Bekhalo V. A.
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Meningococcal vaccine refers to any of the vaccines used to prevent infection by Neisseria meningitidis. Therefore, there is a great scientific and practical interest in the existing and developed menicococcal vaccines.

Aims the review is to provide an analysis: literature data on the effectiveness of meningococcal vaccines of new generations - conjugated polysaccharide serogroups A, C, W and Y and protein serogroup B.

Conclusions. With regard to conjugated vaccines, there are a large number of reliable observations confirming the high immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of these vaccine preparations, including the prevention of bacterial carriage and the development of herd immunity. These vaccines are weakly reactogenic, and in many countries, they are introduced into national immunization programs and in some countries are used as mandatory (UK) or in connection with the existing epidemic indications. The protein «vesicle» vaccine based on serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane proteins, showed high efficacy only in those cases when the protein composition of the strain that caused the morbidity corresponded to the composition (mainly in terms of the PorA subtype antigen) of the vaccine. Genetic-engineered vaccines containing only a few serogroup B meningococcal protein antigens with or without the addition of «vesicle» proteins are difficult to evaluate due to the small number of observations associated with low serogroup В prevalence, but in Great Britain, such vaccine was also introduced as mandatory in the national immunization schedule for babies. At the same time, new vaccines of serogroup B induce immune protection against some strains of meningococcus of other serogroups C, W, and Y, and even against other species of Neisseria, in particular - gonococcus. This circumstance gives rise to hope for the development of protein meningococcal vaccines with a wider spectrum of specificity than the group, and even than the species.
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenic Syndrome: Current Epidemiological Situation
Authors: Andaev E. I. , Adelshin R. V. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is a viral disease characterized by acute fever, accompanied by progressive thrombocytopenia, leucopenia. The mortality is up to 30%. The disease was first identified in 2009 in rural areas of central China, Hubei and Henan. The causative agent of the disease is a new Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV). The SFTSV is mainly transmitted through tick bites, especially Haemaphysalis longicornis which is the dominant tick species in East Asia.

The aim of the review is to analyze relevant information about Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, including the molecular genetics features of the pathogen, clinical manifestations, geographical distribution, epidemiological features, as well as the possibility of drift and spread of infection in the Russian Federation.

Conclusions. SFTS is a serious health threat as it relates to new and re-emerging infections. The further spread of SFTS in China may complicate the epidemiological situation in the country. SFTSV may have a much wider global distribution in Southeast Asia than is currently known. The risk of H. longicornis ticks spreading is predicted in the north-east United States, New Zealand, parts of Australia and several Pacific islands. The presence of the H. longicornis in the Primorsky Territory on the Far East indicates a possible risk of the natural focus formation in the event of the introduction of the pathogen.
Territorial and Temporary Spread of COVID-19 in the World at the Beginning of the 2020 Pandemic
Authors: Karpova I. S. , Stolyarov K. A. , Popovtseva N. M. , Stolyarova T. P.
Published: September 2021

Relevance. COVID-19 remains a serious problem for all countries of the world, affecting all areas of public life. The brunt of the problem falls on health care. The new coronavirus infection has raised many questions, in particular regarding its epidemiology

Aim. Determine the sequence of the global spread of COVID-19 at the beginning of the 2020 pandemic and the possible influence of seasonality on its distribution.

Materials and methods. Data on the countries of the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the sites «Our World in Data» from the section «Coronavirus (COVID-19) Cases». Стопкоронавирус.рф, Johns Hopkins University were used. The analysis of the spread of COVID-19 in the world was carried out based on data on the incidence and deaths from COVID-19 by climatogeographic zones.

Results and discussion. The sequence of the spatio-temporal spread of COVID-19 across countries and continents at the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 has been determined. The similarity of the global spread of COVID-19 and "seasonal" influenza A(H3N2) epidemics indicates the spread of these infections along the primary migration routes of the population. The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic virus, as well as influenza A(H1N1), was sufficient for 1–1.5 months. The COVID-19 pandemic began in the Northern Hemisphere in the spring and summer, but atypical seasonality was often observed at the beginning of influenza pandemics. On the other hand, data on the influence of seasonality on the spread of COVID-19 were obtained: the highest incidence in the Northern Hemisphere countries was in the winter, and in the Southern Hemisphere countries, with reverse seasonality, a high incidence was observed already in the summer months. Therefore, it will be possible to make a final conclusion about the seasonality of this infection in the following years.
Common Features of Coronavirus and Influenza Pandemics and Surface Proteins of their Pathogens. Parallels
Authors: Kharchenko E. P.
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Coronaviruses and influenza viruses induce pandemics taking away many human lives and seeding social-economic chaos. Possibility to prognose pandemic features on characteristics of surface proteins of their pathogens is not investigated.

Aim is to characterize the common features of the pandemic coronavirus S-protein and the pandemic virus influenza hemagglutinin in connection with the features of a coronavirus pandemic and influenza pandemics.

Materials and method. For the bioinformatic analysis the protein sequences of pandemic coronavirus strains and pandemic influenza virus strains, influenza virus strains of 2017–2018 season and also influenza virus type B strains were used. In proteins an amino acid content, the sums of the charged amino acids and the.

Results. It was found out that the increase of amount of the amino acids forming intrinsically disordered regions in the coronavirus S-protein S1 subunit and influenza virus H1 hemagglutinin HA1 subunit is characteristic of the pandemics with high morbidity and the increase of arginine and lysine with comparison with aspartic and glutamic acids in those proteins is peculiar to viruses inducing the pandemics with lower lethality.

Conclusion. The features (morbidity and lethality) of the coronavirus pandemic and influenza virus pandemic are associated with the quantitative amino acids content of pandemic virus surface proteins.
Clinical and Epidemiological Assessment of the Epidemic Process of COVID-19 in Hostels Depending on the Type of their Planning Device
Authors: Zadoroshnyy A. V. , Pshenichnaya N. Yu. , Ugleva S. V. , Erovichenkov A. A. , Akimkin V. G. , Maleev V. V. , Usenko D. V.
Published: September 2021

Relevance. During the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the organized collectives of Moscow, living in public housing organizations (dormitories) with different planning arrangements, were one of the most vulnerable groups of the population prone to focal morbidity.

The purpose of the study. To conduct a comparative clinical and epidemiological assessment of the epidemic process of COVID-19 in dormitories, depending on the type of their planning device.

Materials and methods. In the period from 12.04 to 23.06.2020, a selective longitudinal prospective analytical study of the course of the epidemic process was conducted in the foci of COVID-19, formed dormitories of different types of planning devices with a total number of 3,228 patients. For statistical processing of the results, one-factor analysis of variance and correlation analysis using the Cheddock scale were used. We used the following programs: IBM SPSS Statistics V. 23. 0, Analysis ToolPak Excel.

Results and discussion. The planning arrangement of buildings for public accommodation was a fundamental factor influencing the course of the COVID-19 epidemic process in dormitories. The epidemic process in the dormitories of the reported type had an earlier development, the first foci of COVID-19 began to form already on 12.04.2020, which was 7 days ahead of the formation of foci in isolated dormitories. The average growth rate in the dormitories of the reported type was equal to 8.4%, which was 5.3 times higher than the corresponding indicator in the dormitories of the isolated type. The infection rate (Rt), indicating the intensity of the spread of the infectious process, was 1.5 times higher in the dormitories of the reported type. In the studied period of time from 12.04.2020 to 23.06.2020, the number of infected COVID-19 in the dormitories of the isolated type was significantly less than in the dormitories of the reported type: there were 4 cases of infection per 100 guests of the dormitories of the isolated type, while in the reported dormitories there were 10 cases of COVID-19 per 100 residents. The contagiousness of the virus in combination with a long course of focal morbidity led to the development of severe forms of COVID-19. The coefficient of occurrence of severe forms of COVID-19 on average in isolated dormitories was equal to 1.1%, while in dormitories of the reported type, the studied coefficient was 11 times higher and averaged 11.6%.

Conclusion. The type of planning arrangement of collective living organizations was a fundamental factor influencing the course of the COVID-19 epidemic process in hostels. The complex of necessary anti-epidemic measures aimed at localizing and eliminating the outbreak of COVID-19 directly depended on this factor.
The Emergence of a Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Non-Groupable Neisseria meningitidis Strain of the Clonal Complex ST-175 in the Russian Federation
Authors: Koroleva M. A. , Gritsay M. I. , Mironov K. O. , Mikhailova Y. V. , Shelenkov A. A. , Koroleva I. S.
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Unencapsulated strains of meningococcus (NmNG) very rarely cause invasive meningococcal disease. A new ciprofloxacin-resistant strain NmNG ST-175 cc175, which has recently caused several cases of invasive meningococcal infection in Europe, has been discovered in the Russian Federation.

Aim. To compare the new Russian strains of NmNG ST-175 with the already characterized NmNG ST-175 and to analyze the genetic markers associated with antibiotic resistance.

Materials and methods. The nucleotide sequences of NmNG ST-175 strains of more than 2 million base pairs were exported from the PubMLST database. Comparison was carried out for 1605 core genome loci using the N. meningitidis cgMLST v1.0 ". Genetic relationships of 127 NmNG ST-175 strains, including 8 Russian carrier strains, were visualized using the SplitsTree software (version 4.16.2).

Results. Of the eight Russian strains, six found themselves in a cluster with German and Swedish isolates that caused invasive meningococcal infection. Two more Russian strains were closest to the isolates of the cluster, including carrier isolates from England. Seven strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin and possessed the gyrA-187 and gyrA-152 alleles, which, based on the phylogenetic analysis of the alleles, belonged to the genetic branches of Neisseria cinerea and Nm.

Conclusion. Protein vaccines alone could potentially provide protection against ST-175 NmNG. It seems promising to study the antigenic characteristics of Russian Nm strains, including NmNG ST-175, to assess the potential vaccination coverage with existing protein vaccines, the possibility of their registration on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of domestic vaccines.
Epidemiological Analysis of the Effectiveness of Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in the Russian Federation (2001–2018)
Authors: Nashatyreva D. N. , Botvinkin A. D. , Poleshchuk E. M. , Sidorov G. N. , Rudakov N. V.
Published: September 2021

Relevance. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the most effective method for reducing the morbidity and mortality of human rabies. Since 2000, in Russia, domestically produced cultural purified and concentrated rabies vaccine (COCAV) and equine immunoglobulin (AIG) are used as the main drugs for PEP.

Aims. To assess the epidemiological effectiveness of post-exposure rabies prophylaxis and possible causes of failure in the Russian Federation in 2001–2018.

Materials & methods. A comprehensive retrospective epidemiological study of 167 cases of rabies in humans and PEP statistics in the Russian Federation was carried out. To test the hypotheses about the relationship between PEP failures and risk factors, namely (gender, age, place of residence of the sick, nature of the injuries received, source of infection), two main comparison groups were formed: «vaccinated» (n = 28) and «not vaccinated» (n = 139). In addition, we compared the groups who received PEP correctly and those vaccinated with violations of instructions. The failure rate was assessed in relation to the total number of vaccinated and the number of vaccinated after contact with rabid animals.

Results.During the analyzed period, the incidence of human rabies decreased from 0.015 to 0.0013 per 100 thousand population. Of the patients, 83.2% did not receive PEP (did not apply, vaccinations were not prescribed, refused). In the group «vaccinated» in 53.6% (n = 15), the schemes of PEP prescribing and administering were violated, including in 35.7% (n = 10) of cases AIG was not administered. The rest 46.4% (n = 13), received vaccinations in accordance with the instructions. Before the end of the vaccination course, 85.7% (n = 24) fell ill; the rest fell ill with an incubation period of more than three months. Only one person received AIG and all 6 vaccine injections. The group «vaccinated» differed from the group «not vaccinated» by a higher frequency of category III injuries (χ2 = 9.99, p = 0.019) and injuries caused by wild animals, especially wolves (χ2 = 22.24, p < 0.001).

Conclusions.Among people who developed rabies in 2001–2018, 16.8% received PEP. The proportion of the number of cases and the total number of those who received PEP was 1: 240.0 thousand. The failure rate of PEP after contact with rabid animals was 0.03% (excluding the nature of the contact and the animal species). More than 70% of all failures are associated with wolf and fox bites, more than 85% with category III injuries.
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine from Antigens of Freshly Isolated and Vaccine Strains of Bordetella pertussis with Different Genotypic Characteristics
Authors: Zaitsev E. M. , Bazhanova I. G. , Britsina M. V. , Mertsalova N. U. , Ozeretskovskaya M. N.
Published: September 2021

Relevance. The development of effective and safe vaccines for pertussis prevention remains an urgent public health challenge.

Aim. To study the protective activity and safety of acellular pertussis vaccine (AcPV) containing a complex of protective antigens from freshly isolated and vaccine strains of Bordetella pertussis.

Materials and methods. Freshly isolated (No. 287, and No. 317) and vaccine (No. 305 and No. 475) B. pertussis strains with «non-vaccine» and «vaccine» allelic variants of the pertussis toxin (PT) subunit A gene, the PT promoter gene, the pertactin gene, the fimbria 2 gene, and the fimbria 3 gene strains were used for the production of AcPV.

Results. All the studied variants of AcPV were harmless in the test of changes in the body weight of mice and sensitivity to histamine. The protective activity of AcPV3 (strains No. 287, No. 317 and No. 305) and AcPV1 (strains No. 287, No. 305 and No. 475) was higher than that of AcPV2 (strains No. 317, No. 305, and No. 475). IgG antibody titers to PT were also higher in mice immunized with AcPV1 and AcPV3.

Conclusion. The higher protective activity of AcPV3 and AcPV1 may be associated with the genotype of strain No. 287, which has a ptxP3 PT promoter and is characterized by an increased level of PT production and high virulence. The most promising for further preclinical and clinical studies is AcPV3, which contains 2/3 of the antigens of the dominant «non-vaccine» genotype and 1/3 of the «vaccine» genotype, corresponding to the genes of PT, pertactin and fimbria to the currently circulating B. pertussis strains.
Assessment of the State of Anti-Measles Immunity in Medicine Personnel of a Children's Hospital
Authors: Tkachenko T. G. , Dmitriev A. V. , Gudkov R. A. , Fedina N. V.
Published: September 2021

RelevanceThe epidemiological disadvantage of measles in developed countries reflects the weakening of herd immunity and is caused, first of all, a change in society's attitude to vaccine prevention and the risks of infectious diseases, which requires a revision of the prevention strategy

Aim:assessment of measles immunity in employees of the regional multidisciplinary children's hospital.

Materials & Methods.365 employees were examined at the same time in 2019 on the basis of the regional children's hospital. Investigation of the intensity of immunity to measles by ELISA using the VectoKor-IgG test system (Vector-Best, Russia). The surveyed were divided into 4 age groups (20–29, 30–39, 40–49 and 50 years and older). Statistical processing was carried out using the χ2 test and Spearman's rank correlation.

Results.63% of the examined had a protective titer of antibodies. The least protected were medical workers under the age of 40, especially up to 30 years old, with a share of immune persons of 30%. In older age groups, the proportion of seropositive persons was 80.9%. The age of the employees and the levels of measles immunity were highly correlated (r = 0.72). There was no statistically significant effect on the state of measles immunity of professional status, the presence of documentary evidence of vaccination.

Conclusions.Thus, the results of the conducted study indicate a high epidemiological risk of measles in medical institutions and when applying to them. The worst indicators of protective immunity were found among young employees. It is advisable to continue serological monitoring in medical institutions, organized vaccination of seronegative individuals, as well as conduct cooperative research
Activités antimicrobienne et anthelminthique de la propolis de l’Ouest algérien
Authors: Debab M. , Toumi-Benali F.
Published: September 2021

L’objectif de notre étude est d’évaluer les effets antimicrobien et anthelminthique de la propolis de différentes régions de l’Ouest algérien. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les extraits étudiés ont un effet sur les bactéries à Gram positif représentées par Staphylococcus aureus, où le diamètre de la zone d’inhibition a atteint 15 mm pour la propolis de Mascara 1, et un pouvoir antifongique contre Candida albicans, où leur diamètre de la zone d’inhibition est arrivé à 10,5 mm (propolis de Mascara 1, Mascara 2 et Ain Trid). Tandis que pour les bactéries à Gram négatif (Escherichia coli), le diamètre de la zone d’inhibition est rangé entre 8 mm (propolis de Sidi Dahou) et 10 mm (propolis de Mascara 2). L’effet de la fumée de la propolis brute contre les vers de terre (Lumbricus terrestris) est semblable avec celui de l’extrait : nous avons constaté que la durée nécessaire pour provoquer la paralyse des vers est la même dans les deux cas, mais la différence réside dans le temps de mortalité, qui est apparu plus long dans le cas de l’utilisation de la fumée (p < 0,05). Les résultats de cette étude ont confirmé que la propolis de la région de l’Ouest algérien a des propriétés biologiques très importantes, soit en utilisant sous forme d’extrait ou de fumée.
The Social Life of the “Forever Chemical”
Authors: Renfrew Daniel , Pearson Thomas W.
Published: September 2021

This article examines the social life of PFAS contamination (a class of several thousand synthetic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and maps the growing research in the social sciences on the unique conundrums and complex travels of the “forever chemical.” We explore social, political, and cultural dimensions of PFAS toxicity, especially how PFAS move from unseen sites into individual bodies and into the public eye in late industrial contexts; how toxicity is comprehended, experienced, and imagined; the factors shaping regulatory action and ignorance; and how PFAS have been the subject of competing forms of knowledge production. Lastly, we highlight how people mobilize collectively, or become demobilized, in response to PFAS pollution/ toxicity. We argue that PFAS exposure experiences, perceptions, and responses move dynamically through a “toxicity continuum” spanning invisibility, suffering, resignation, and refusal. We off er the concept of the “toxic event” as a way to make sense of the contexts and conditions by which otherwise invisible pollution/toxicity turns into public, mass-mediated, and political episodes. We ground our review in our ongoing multisited ethnographic research on the PFAS exposure experience.
Integration method of non-elementary exponential functions using iterated Fubinni integrals
Authors: Saraiva Odirley Willians Miranda , Dias Gustavo Nogueira , Lobato Fabricio da Silva , Souza Júnior José Carlos Barros de , Silva Junior Washington Luiz Pedrosa da , Reis Cássio Pinho dos , Loureiro Rondineli Carneiro , Rocha Herson Oliveira da , Barreto Wagner Davy Lucas , Beirão Antonio Thiago Madeira , Silva Katiane Pereira da , Reis Nazaré Doriene de Melo
Published: September 2021

The present work presents a new method of integration of non-elementary exponential functions where Fubinni's iterated integrals were used. In this research, some approximations were used in order to generalize the results obtained through mathematical series, in addition to integration methods and double integrals. In addition to the integration methods, the Taylor series was used, where the value found and compatible with the values ​​of the power series that are used to calculate the value of the exponential function demonstrated in the work was verified. In addition to the methods described, a comparison of the values ​​obtained by the series and the values ​​described in the method was improvised, where it was noticed that the higher the value of the variable, the closer the results show a stability for the variable greater than the value 4, described in table 01. The conclusions point to a great improvement, mainly for solving elliptic differential equations and statistical functions.
Clinical and Therapeutic Treatment Approach Between Diabetes Mellitus and Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Silva Larissa Amoroso da , Carnevali Bianca Pereira , Ramos Rogério Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic syndrome of multiple origins, caused by the insulin absence in the bloodstream and/or by the inability of insulin to adequately exert its effects, causing hyperglycemia and subsequent complications in the body's organic systems. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent due to the glucose increase in blood circulation and the impairment of cellular immunity, creating a favorable environment for the bacteria proliferation at the inflammation spots. This review describes the clinical and therapeutic aspects of diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection, with guidelines on glucose management in these events. A non-systematic review was carried out in the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Scielo, and Google Academic databases with the descriptors Diabetes mellitus, Urinary Tract Infection, Hyperglycemia, Bacteriuria, and Urinary Incontinence. The most relevant articles were selected. Pertinent clinical and therapeutic issues were discussed, covering the diabetes factors that contribute to the onset of UTI; urinary tract infection complications in patients with diabetes mellitus; asymptomatic bacteriuria, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence in people with diabetes; treatments for diabetes and urinary tract infection; and the relationship between glucose-lowering medications and UTI. Given the greater susceptibility of people with diabetes to acquire UTI, the combined insight into these diseases is crucial, both for better UTI prevention in diabetics and for the treatment of both.
importance of Intellectual Capital’s management to obtain the expected results in terms of investment in Human Capital
Authors: Bezerra Jaldemir Santana Batista , Ramos Tiago de Melo , Batista Maique dos Santos Bezerra , De-Bortoli Robelius
Published: September 2021

This article has as goal to discuss the importance of Intellectual Capital’s management to obtain positive results from the investments of Human Capital from the sector of Human Resources of institutions of a private administrative nature and check what generates more positive results in Intellectual Capital: the investment in human resources for titration or new ways of management of Intellectual Capital. From the reach of these goals, the problem will be answered: How to obtain more results in terms of Intellectual Capital from the Human Capital? The hypothesis that guides this article are: the management of Intellectual Capital generates results so positive or more than the investments in human resources to obtaining the titration; Intellectual Capital’s management does not generate such positive results as the investments in human resources for titration. Inferences, deductions and inductions were built from a qualitative analysis of data in congruence to the theorized aspects and presented data. The results presented the need of having a management of Intellectual Capital for obtaining satisfactory results from human resources and that only the investment for obtaining titration does not provide the enlargement of Intellectual Capital.
Impact of a Student-teach-student Model for IPE Between Pharmacists and Dermatologists on Student Knowledge and Attitude
Authors: Johnston Cassidy M. , Pan Huixian , Sorrells Robert , Brand-Eubanks Damianne , Darst Emily , Scott Michael J.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The effective delivery of patient care is a complex venture, often requiring efficient collaboration among varied healthcare professions. Not surprisingly, research continues to indicate collaboration between these diverse professionals can be challenging. Early exposure of health professions students to interprofessional education (IPE) offers a promising way to improve this collaboration and, in turn, improve patient care and service delivery.
Objectives: This study examines the impact of an innovative IPE cocurricular event on knowledge, understanding, and attitudes, regarding future healthcare delivery between medical and pharmacy students.
Method: Students developed and conducted an IPE cocurricular event involving medical students of a dermatology-interest club, and pharmacy students of a compounding-interest club. Medical students introduced a patient case, delivered in a standardized-patient format. This was followed by a pharmacy student presentation representing compounding the prescriptions needed for the patient case and writing accurate prescriptions. Following both presentations, students from each program were paired.  Each interprofessional pair then communicated and compounded two medications for the case, working collaboratively.  Pre- and post-questionnaires were designed with rating scales and open-ended questions for data collection. 
Results: Both parametric and nonparametric tests revealed significant differences between the pretests and posttests. There was no significant difference in responding between the groups. Inspection of the open-ended questions revealed changes in attitudes regarding collaboration and learning.
Conclusions: This study found students of both professions reported significant improvements in their level of knowledge, understanding, and interest in interprofessional collaboration. The open-ended questions revealed both groups of students began the event with different expectations regarding cooperation and interprofessional activities but left the session with very similar perspectives. By including similar IPE activities in early healthcare education, medical students will gain an understanding of the knowledge, skills, and services that a compounding pharmacist can offer in personalized patient care, and pharmacy students will acquire clinical reasoning based on patient presentations. Both factors promote collaboration between professions and ultimately show promise in improving outcomes in patient care.
TRADEMARK REGISTRATION IN BRAZIL, THE UNITED STATES AND PORTUGAL
Authors: Silva Neto Ana Teresa , Leitão Suzana Russo
Published: September 2021

This article aims to understand, analyze and compare the procedures adopted in Brazil, the United States and Portugal to register a trademark. For this purpose, bibliographic research was carried out in the Web of Science and documentary research into the three official institutions of trademark registration, namely: INPI(Brazil), USPTO(United States) and INPI(Portugal). In order to understand the adopted procedures, a simulation of the trademark application was made in the e-Marcas (Brazil), TEAS (USA) and InpiOnline (Portugal) systems.

In terms of navigability, the INPI (Portugal) InpiOnline System is the easiest to navigate and is the only one that offers the "Trademark on the Spot" service on its Portal, which allows for the immediate acquisition of a trademark without the need to go through the trademark application process. On the partnership issue, the USPTO (United States) has a support network with the Patent and Trademark Resource Centers (PTRC), which are part of the national network of public, state, and academic libraries designated to support the public with trademark and patent assistance. Among the main points in common, the following were identified: the availability of online systems for applying for trademark registration; the ease of conducting prior search in proprietary systems, and the use of the Nice classification to classify goods and services. Among the main differences are the estimated period to obtain the granting of the trademark registration; the types of trademarks allowed in each legislation; and the values of the fees to apply for a trademark registration.
THE MEDIATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ADVOCACY
Authors: Cordeiro Martins Frederico , Kerr Pinheiro Marta Macedo , Zandona Freitas Sergio Henriques
Published: September 2021

This article aims to study mediation and its various approaches and forms of action, to identify its applicability in the professional legal arena. It has been with the assumption the existence of an apparent conflict that permeates this profession whose human actions already are established, but that have been impacted by the actions not human (technology) based on the economics of information and knowledge. It is questionable C atom to Information mediation can act in the transformations suffered by law in face of the changes that the Information and Communication Technologies-ICT have caused in society. We opted for research of an applied nature, contemplating intervention in social reality, with a qualitative approach, with an exploratory objective, whose method is the inductive one, as the general conclusion is based on a set of particular observations from the literature. As a result, important theoretical elements were identified for the debate on mediation and its ability to lead in the transformation processes of advocacy.
PEMANFAAT MEDIA BOOKLET TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN IBU MENYUSUI TENTANG PIJAT OKSITOSIN
Authors: Gustirini Ria
Published: September 2021

Breast milk production in the first days of childbirth becomes an obstacle for mothers in breastfeeding. Oxytocin massage is one way to overcome the improper production of breast milk. Knowledge or cognitive is a very important domain in shaping one's actions (ovent behavior). Health education can use various media, one of which is through the use of booklets. The aims: to analyze the effect of using booklet media on breastfeeding mothers' knowledge about oxytocin massage. The Method: This research was a quasi-experimental study using a pre test and posttest control design. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling technique. Some postpartum mothers who gave birth in January - May 2020 and met the inclusion criteria for a sample of 30 respondents who were divided into the treatment group and the control group. The statistical test used the independent t-test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in increasing knowledge about oxytocin massage between the group that was given a booklet (treatment) and the group that was not given a booklet (control) with p value <0,05. Conclusion: The role of a midwife as a professional is indispensable in providing health education so that the use of various media as a means of conveying information is needed to increase maternal knowledge
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAK ANTOSIANIN TANAMAN BUNGA KEMBANG SEPATU UNTUK MENDETEKSI BORAKS PADA BAKSO
Authors: Purnama Rio
Published: September 2021

One of the causes of food safety problems in Indonesia is the lack of knowledge, responsibility and supervision by producers, consumers and the authorities. This results in cheating by irresponsible food producers, adding ingredients that can harm the human body. There are several ways to detect or detect the presence of hazardous food additives, one of which is using indicators made from natural ingredients added with several other ingredients that can detect hazardous food additives, one of which is borax. After conducting research on the effectiveness of hibiscus flower anthocyanin extract as an indicator of borax detection in meatballs, it was found that hibiscus flower extract can be used as an indicator for borax detection, seen from the change in the color of hibiscus flower extract which at first is brownish orange (purplish. ) After being absorbed with meatballs containing borax, the hibiscus flower extract changes its color to dark brown red, this is due to the pelagornidin antasianin compounds reacting with borax compounds.
FACTORS RELATED TO THE EVENT OF STUNTING TOddlers in the WORK AREA OF THE BOJONEGORO KANOR HEALTH CENTER
Authors: Anggoro Sarni
Published: September 2021

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five. One of the signs that appears is a child with a stunted stature when he reaches the age of 2 years. Stunting occurs due to lack of nutritional intake. Many factors affect the provision of nutritional intake by parents to their toddlers. This study aims to determine what factors are associated with the incidence of stunting in the working area of ​​the Kanor Bojonegoro Health Center. This research uses quantitative descriptive research with cross sectional design. Respondents in this study were all mothers who have toddlers in the working area of ​​Kanor Health Center, Bojonegoro, as many as 128. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling. This research was conducted in January 2021. The data collection technique used in this study used a questionnaire on parenting, knowledge and income. The questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability. Analysis of the data used to test the relationship between variables is the chi square test. The results showed that the majority of maternal parenting patterns were in the bad category, with poor knowledge of the mother and with income that was in the poor category. The correlation results show that the p-value of each variable is <0.05. The conclusion of the study showed that the factors of maternal parenting, mother's knowledge about stunting and family income were related to the incidence of stunting.
Practical Aspects of Academic Literacy Development in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Ageenko N. V. , Menshenina S. G. , Dobrova V. V. , Labzina P. G.
Published: September 2021

Global tendencies in all scientific spheres require developed academic literacy of the researcher for effective international communication. Foreign language communication in a professional academic environment implies proficiency in the language of academic discourse. For academic discourse, as a component of academic literacy, development of academic writing skills is crucial. Higher educational institutions realize the necessity to design academic writing courses, and determine their place in the curriculum. Following the challenges of the time and academic community demands, SSTU English Language instructors designed an academic writing course to increase the methodological and academic literacy of students and young researchers. We believe that the development of the key educational and communicative foreign language competencies for academic and professional interaction can contribute to successful integration into the international scientific environment. Course design considered foreign experience, methods and curricula in the field of academic writing and academic reading.
Master’s Programs in Russia: Four Paths of Future Development
Authors: Petrova O. V. , Chepyuk O. R. , Makarova S. D. , Mariko V. V. , Gorylev A. I.
Published: September 2021

The publication raises the question of the role of master’s degree in the system of modern higher education. Based on a survey of opinions (three-party survey) of key stakeholder groups (employers; students in higher education programs; managers of master’s degree programs; master’s degree teachers), the authors consider possible options for developing master’s degree as one of the key stages of higher education in Russia. The authors conclude that university development programs in the field of master’s degree education should be designed taking into account the high level of uncertainty in the external environment, which means that they should provide for scenario modeling of the future of the entire scientific and educational ecosystem. The study uses the classification of four types of the future labor market (“technological world”, “world of social responsibility”, “world of entrepreneurship” and “world of corporations”) as the main hypothesis about the options for such scenario planning. The study results are visualized in the form of a roadmap for the strategic development of the Russian master’s degree programs, highlighting key trends for each of the development options. The practical result of the study was the identification of the main “gaps” in the positions of stakeholders on the status of the master’s degree program and effective models of its implementation. The conclusions and results of the publication will be interesting for the purposes of the university strategic management, the formation of a development strategy for the master’s degree, as well as the development of special programs for interaction with employers and students.
Problems of Higher School Didactics: Uncut Pages
Authors: Petruneva R. M. , Vasilyeva V. D. , Petruneva Y. V.
Published: September 2021

Higher education today is not going through the best of times: decisions taken in the educational process at various levels (Federal Laws “On Education in the Russian Federation” of 29.12.2012 No 273-FZ and “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” on the education of students” of 31.07.2020 No 304-FZ, Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education, etc.), related to global changes taking place in society and in the world in recent decades, were made without careful didactic study. This cannot help to improve the quality of specialist training. Teachers are forced to work “by trial and error”, producing countless didactic documents. At present, identification of didactic problems in the educational process of higher educational institutions is extremely relevant due to the expansion of the field of didactic research in higher school pedagogy.

The aim of the authors was to analyze some of the most relevant didactic phenomena in the digital reality that have not yet received proper understanding. As a result of the analysis, some important didactic problems of higher education are identified, concerning goal-setting, compliance of teaching with classical didactic principles, organization of distance learning in electronic informational and educational environment, mixed and project-based learning. The article also dwells on psychological problems of Internet content assimilation and “non-contact” interaction between the subjects of the educational process, etc. The most promising areas of didactic research in higher education, including the development of interdisciplinary contacts, are highlighted.
Evaluation of Teacher Training Needs in Engineering Pedagogy
Authors: Gormaz-Lobos D. , Galarce-Miranda C. , Hortsch H.
Published: September 2021

In European countries, primarily in German-speaking countries, first of all, in Germany (Dresden), the concept of engineering pedagogy (EP) has existed for more than 70 years. In Eastern Europe, particularly in the Russian Federation, the tradition of EP has more than 20 years and shows an extensive network of universities actively participating in IGIP (International Society of Engineering Pedagogy). Several universities offer the IGIP curricula and work on various projects  related to majoring in engineering education and pedagogy in Russian Higher Education Institutions. In Spanish-speaking countries the concept of EP is relatively recent. Particularly, since 2014, the Technical University of Dresden (TU Dresden) works in cooperation with Chilean universities to strengthen engineering pedagogy and education in the university context. This goal was concretized through two cooperation projects “Engineering Didactics at Chilean Universities” (PEDING-Project) and “Strengthening engineering training at Chilean universities through practice partner-ships” (STING-Project), both financially supported by DAAD. The main goal of this paper is to present the results of a survey about teaching needs in engineering pedagogy in a Chilean university. In general, the results showed the high level of interest and motivation that a training course on engineering pedagogy specifically oriented for the academic staff of engineering faculties may have. The project was led by the International Center of Engineering Education (CIEI) at the University of Talca (Chile) under the pedagogical support of the TU Dresden (Germany).
Sonographic evaluation of intra-abdominal organs in children with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: SÖNMEZGÖZ Ergün , SÖNMEZGÖZ Fitnet
Published: September 2021

Objective: The reticuloendothelial system is rarely assessed in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). We aimed to evaluate the size of the liver and spleen by ultrasonography in children and adolescents with FMF and compare it to their healthy peers.

Material and Method: Patient data were evaluated by height, weight, and age and compared with those of healthy controls.

Results: A total of 86 children with FMF diagnosed using the Turkish Pediatric Criteria and 54 healthy children were included. The extent of splenomegaly was 27.9% in the FMF group. The mean spleen length was 99.84±17.4 mm in patients and 93.44+15.49 mm in controls (p=0.03). The mean liver length was 122.61±17.4 mm in patients and 117.71±16.04 mm in controls (p=0.104). FMF appears to affect spleen length independently of anthropometric data (t=2.182; p=0.031). Splenomegaly was accompanied by the M694V (32.55%, n=17) and E148Q (3.4%, n=3) mutations.

Conclusion: FMF affects spleen length independently of anthropometric data. Splenomegaly may reflect subclinical inflammatory activity in FMF patients in remission. Spleen size can serve as a marker of subclinical inflammation during remission.
Comparison of short-term results of open and laparoscopic surgery in gastric cancer at a new regional hospital: a single surgeon experience
Authors: GOKSOY Beslen , KİYAK Mevlut , YILMAZ Gökhan , AZAMAT İbrahim , ERTORUL Didem , İNANÇ Ömer , ARICAN Çiğdem , CİL Ibrahim , BİTİRİM Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Aim

To compare the short-term results of open and laparoscopic gastrectomy in gastric cancer surgery.

Material and Method

From 15 May 2018 to 28 June 2021, patients who underwent open and laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer by a single surgeon between were retrospectively analyzed from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were compared in terms of early intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Both surgical methods were compared in terms of early intraoperative and postoperative outcomes.

Results

A total of 34 patients (open n = 23, laparoscopic n = 11) were included in the study. While the mean number of lymph nodes was similar between the groups, more metastatic lymph nodes and more advanced disease were detected in the open group (p = 0.007, p = 0.002, respectively). According to tumor location, patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy were more distally located (p = 0.01). The mean operative time was shorter in the open group (171.5 min and 206 min, p = 0.006, respectively), while the estimated blood loss was less in the laparoscopic group (158.2 mL vs 186.7 mL, p = 0.003). Four patients (17.4%) in the open group and two patients (18%) in the laparoscopic group had at least Clavien-Dindo grade III complications (p=0.96). Earlier gas output was seen in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.002), while other postoperative outcomes were similar between the groups. Mean follow-up time was longer in the open group (13.4 months and 7.6 months, respectively, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Until sufficient experience is reached in laparoscopic gastrectomy, choosing earlier stage and distally located tumors is a safe method with postoperative results similar to open gastrectomy.
Evaluation of the relationship between disease activity and serum bilirubin, albumin, and uric acid levels in Crohn's disease
Authors: BEDİR KESER Gizem , EKMEN Nergis
Published: September 2021

Objective: Oxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency play key roles in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal damage associated with Crohn's disease (CD). Serum bilirubin, uric acid (UA) and albumin are non-enzymatic antioxidants that play a role in oxidative stress control. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the change in serum bilirubin, UA and albumin levels due to disease activity.

Material and Method: This study was designed as a single-center, cross-sectional and retrospective. The clinical and demographic data of the patients, disease activity, as well as serum albumin, UA, and bilirubin values were recorded from the hospital database. Study variables were statistically analyzed between patient and control groups based on disease activity.

Results: A total of 234 people, 114 with CD and 120 with controls, were included in the study. Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and albumin levels were found to be significantly lower in the CD than in the health control (p=0.045, p