bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Research and Application of 3D Laser Scanning Measurement Technology in Forestry
Authors: Zhang Li Fu , Lu Huai Min
Published: October 2009

In order to measure forest inventory, we propose an approach that enables automatic, fast and accurate tree trunks segmentation from three-dimensional (3-D) laser data. Results have been demonstrated in real-time on-board a round mobile robot. At the same time, we propose an approach to estimate tree diameter at breast height (dbh) that was tested off-line on a variety of ground laser scanner data, so it is very suitable for being popularized in forestry section.
Automatic Point Clouds Registration Based on the Method of Least Squares
Authors: Meng Fan Wen , Wu Lu Shen , Peng Qing Jin
Published: October 2009

An object has to be measured to recover its 3D shape in reverse engineering applications. The object surface is sampled point by point using a fringe projection. The method of least squares is used to match overlapping surfaces to estimate transformation parameters between a local coordinate system and the template coordinate system. The Gauss–Markoff model can minimize the sum of squares of Euclidean distances between surfaces for matching arbitrarily oriented 3D surface patches. This research uses the least squares method for the registration of point clouds. A relief example shows the feasibility of the proposed method. It takes about 4 seconds for the registration of 1531209 points with the error less than 0.03mm, and the iteration number is only 20. The surface profile is complete and smooth after the registration, which can meet the requirement of surface reconstruction.
Optimization of Pass Parameters on Two-Grooves Skew Rolling for Al Ball
Authors: Shi Xiao Min , Wang Bao Jian , Li Zhen Hua
Published: October 2009

The optimization of pass parameters is an important step in skew rolling design. In order to meet the demands of secondary refining process in continuous casting, on the basis of the practical experience of two-groove skew rolling for steel ball, and by means of the theory of two-groove skew rolling design ,the optimization of two-groove pass parameter for Φ21.6 mm Aluminum ball, a kind of additive in secondary refining process, is realized. The optimized pass parameters are used in the rolling die design, and the corresponding experiments indicate that the projects of optimized pass parameters are feasible, and the efficiency of two-groove skew rolling is twice as large as that of one-groove.
Study on Dynamic Performance of High Spot Open-Closed Gripper Mechanism in Printing Machine
Authors: Liu Guo Dong , Liu Lin Lin , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2009

The paper aims at attacking and noise problems of high spot open-closed gripper mechanism in printing machine in a high speed situation. The analytical method of dynamic performance is presented based on the relative motion, the absolute motion, and the mechanical model. And the analytical equations are established. Then, the dynamic performance of a practical mechanism from XINJI Company is analyzed by the proposed method. The drawbacks of dynamic performance are pointed out that the acceleration and apparent force had jumps in the running process. Finally, on the basis of existed problems, dynamic performance is modified by means of structural design of cam. The analytical results show that the angular acceleration’s peak value of improvement mechanism has been decreased by 62%. Besides, the modified mechanism also expresses an excellent dynamic performance as the flat curve of acceleration, apparent force, contact force and hinge force.
Study on Knowledge Expression Methods and Reasoning Strategies in Intelligent CAD System
Authors: Liu Jing Zheng , Li Ling Ling , Li Zhi Gang , Wang Ming Hui
Published: October 2009

As the core of intelligent computer aided design (ICAD), the expert system with the purpose of product design automation and intelligence has been developed rapidly. Knowledge expression, management, utilization, and access method has always been the core of artificial intelligence and expert system technology , Substantial literature both at home and abroad involved in the content and achieved certain results in the area of design. In the aspect of knowledge expression and management, including: the knowledge expression based on gene model[3], the knowledge expression based on design pattern[4], the knowledge expression based on Petri net, mixed knowledge expression, and so on. In the aspect of system reasoning, including: fuzzy reasoning[5,6], ccase-based reasoning[7], integration reasoning, and so on. This paper mainly introduces some technologies and methods about electrical products at ICAD system with the above-mentioned two aspects. As a sub-system of ICAD system, the expert system for electrical apparatus designing was studied in the artificial intelligent technologies, including the way to build a large knowledge database managed by multi level frames and expressed by various knowledge expression methods, and the reasoning strategy suitable for the structure of knowledge database and integrated rule-based reasoning (RBR) with case-based reasoning (CBR) together. Based on these technologies, two-level expert system controlled by meta reasoning machine was built so that the reasoning efficiency was boosted very strongly.
Optimum Design for Single Cross Section of Pillar Structures of Vehicles
Authors: Li Long , Hu Wen Bin , Hu Ping
Published: October 2009

In this paper, a Section Tool Module is built to implement the cross section design of vehicle pillar structures which is integrated in VCD (Vehicle Concept Design) system [1]. The module may lead engineers to create section database and to get proper design plan effectively. The sectional properties such as area, moments of inertia are generated. In addition, an optimal design technique applied in this module is presented to perform the optimization for single cross section, in which sectional property is defined as objective function. An example of the optimization for a single cross section which is extracted from a passenger car is shown to demonstrate the Section Tool Module.
Modeling of Thermoelectric Coolers for Freezing/Thawing Applications
Authors: Jou Rong Yuan
Published: October 2009

Thermoelectric coolers are often used in freezing chuck to freeze or to thaw easy broken egg-shells, clays, and other ferrous/nonferrous materials, which are incapable to machine it by other clamping technology. For design and application purposes, detailed studies of freezing/thawing processes by thermoelectric coolers are inevitable to the success of this technology. In this study, an experiment to measure the thermal resistance of single thermoelectric device is conducted and a model to calculate its hot and cold side temperatures is derived. Moreover, a design case of freezing chuck system is analyzed by COMSOL software to investigate the freezing/thawing functions and to evaluate its effectiveness.
Interference-Free Multi-Axis NC Machining of Cylindrical Cam Using Enveloping Element
Authors: Lee Jeng Nan , Luo Chih Wen , Chen Hung Shyong
Published: October 2009

To obtain the flexibility of choice of cutting tool and to compensate the wear of the cutting tool, this paper presents an interference-free toolpath generating method for multi-axis machining of a cylindrical cam. The notion of the proposed method is that the cutting tool is confined within the meshing element and the motion of the cutting tool follows the meshing element so that collision problem can be avoided. Based on the envelope theory, homogeneous coordinate transformation and differential geometry, the cutter location for multi-axis NC machining using cylindrical-end mill is derived and the cutting path sequences with the minimum lead in and lead out are planned. The cutting simulations with solid model are performed to verify the proposed toolpath generation method. It is also verified through the trial cut with model material on a five-axis machine tool.
Analysis of Core-Candlestick Drill in Drilling Composite Materials
Authors: Tsao Chung Chen , Kuo Kei Lin , Hsu I Chien , Chern G.T.
Published: October 2009

Unlike ductile metals cutting mechanism, the interfaces between fiber and matrix as a transitional layer experience mismatched deformation in machining process. In general, the most frequent operation performed on composite materials is drilling with a twist drill to generate a hole owing to their versatility and low production cost. However, delamination is one of the most common defects in drilling laminated fiber-reinforced composites and can cause a significant reduction in the load-carrying capacity of a structure. At the periphery, using such special drills as saw drill, candlestick drill and core drill, reducible to causing delamination damage than the twist drill. Experimental results indicated that the diameter ratio and feed rate have statistical and physical significance on the thrust force obtained with a core-candlestick drill.
Investigation into Micro Machining Cutting Parameters of PMMA Polymer Material Using Taguchi’s Method
Authors: Liang Yu Teng , Chiou Yih Chih
Published: October 2009

This paper applied Grey-Taguchi method to optimize the micro-drilling of PMMA polymer with multiple performance characteristics. The four parameters being optimized are coating layer, feed rate, spindle speed, and depth of cut. The performance of the drilling process was evaluated by two performance characteristics, namely drill wear and surface roughness. The orthogonal array, grey relational analysis, and analysis of variance were used to study the two performance indices. The optimal combination of parameters was determined by using the grey relational grade, a performance index formed by combining the two performance characteristics. The experimental results show that TiAlN-coating drills generate least wear and thus possess the longest tool life and the best holes quality. Finally, confirmation experiments were conducted to confirm the validity of the results.
Modular Horizontal Continuous Casting Machine: Meeting the Challenge of Flexible Manufacturing of the Future
Authors: Chaengkham Pongsak , Srichandr Panya
Published: October 2009

Manufacturing of the future has to be more flexible and versatile in order to meet the ever changing needs of the customer. Most continuous casting machines today are rather inflexible in that they are designed to cast specific types of alloys and with limited size ranges, thus suitable for the mass production paradigm. This paper reports the design and development of a modular horizontal continuous casting machine (HCCM). The aim is to have a machine that can continuously cast a variety of ferrous alloys from carbon steels, low alloy steels, stainless steels to cast irons, and with ranges of cross-sectional areas. The modular design approach and quick changing techniques are employed as the key design concept. The construction of the first prototype of the machine is completed and several field trials have been conducted. The results are promising. For carbon and low alloy steel billets, the overall structures and surface quality are good although the amount of porosities is rather large. The overall quality of stainless steel billets is better than that of carbon and low alloy steels. Adapting and setting up the machine for casting different alloys and/or different billet sizes require a little time, no more than 20 minutes.
Mixed Convection Cooling of a Stretching Sheet in the Presence of a Magnetic Field for Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Chen Chien Hsin
Published: October 2009

The problem of flow and heat transfer over a continuously stretching surface finds applications in many manufacturing processes, such as polymer extrusion, wire drawing, continuous casting, glass fiber production, and metallurgical processes. It is known that the properties of the final product depend considerably on the rate of cooling during the manufacturing processes. The rate of cooling can be controlled by drawing the strips in an electrically conducting fluid subject to a magnetic field, so that a final product of desired characteristics can be achieved. In this study, the problem of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting fluid past a stretching surface under the influence of an applied magnetic field is analyzed. After transforming the governing equations with suitable dimensionless variables, numerical solutions are generated by an implicit finite-difference technique for the non-similar, coupled flow. To reveal the tendency of the solutions, typical results for the velocity and temperature profiles, the skin-friction coefficient, and the local Nusselt number are presented for different parameters.
Optimal Inspection Allocation Decision with Production Line Balance in Multi-Station Assembly Systems
Authors: Rau Hsin , Cho Kuo Hua
Published: October 2009

This paper explores the inspection allocation problem with considering production line balance at the same time for multi-station assembly systems. A mathematical model is developed in order to find the minimal total cost. When the number of parts increases, the time spent increases dramatically with the enumerative method. Therefore, an approach to genetic algorithm is developed and it takes much less time with near-optimal solutions.
Mathematical Transformation of Machine Settings from Cradle-Type to Cartesian-Type Hypoid Generator
Authors: Wang Pei Yu , Fong Zhang Hua
Published: October 2009

A mathematical model for translating machine settings from universal Cradle-Type hypoid generator to Cartesian-Type hypoid generator is proposed in this paper. A mathematical model of universal Cradle-Type hypoid generator was proposed by Fong [12] to simulate conventional hypoid generators including face milling and face hobbing machines. A few years ago, the Gleason Works presented the Phoenix hypoid generator, which is a Cartesian-Type machine, and the machine is gaining good commercial success. Therefore, we proposed a mathematical transformation model to translate the machine settings from conventional Cradle-Type hypoid generator to the new Cartesian-Type CNC machine. The proposed mathematical equations can be used to implement the existing cutting method on the six-axis CNC machine
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Measurement of a Printed Circuit Board Subjected to Drop Test
Authors: Her Shiuh Chuan , Lan Shien Chin , Liu Chun Yen , Yao Bo Ren
Published: October 2009

Drop test is one of the common methods for determining the reliability of electronic products under actual transportation conditions. The aim of this study is to develop a reliable drop impact simulation technique. The test specimen of a printed circuit board is clamped at two edges on a test fixture and mounted on the drop test machine platform. The drop table is raised at the height of 50mm and dropped with free fall to impinge four half-spheres of Teflon. One accelerometer is mounted on the center of the specimen to measure the impact pulse. The commercial finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is applied to compute the impact acceleration and dynamic strain on the test specimen during the drop impact. The finite element results are compared to the experimental measurement of acceleration with good correlation between simulation and drop testing. With the accurate simulation technique, one is capable of predicting the impact response and characterizing the failure mode prior to real reliability test.
The Application of Force and Acoustic Emission Sensors for Detecting Tool Damage in Turning Processes
Authors: Al-Habaibeh Amin , Al-Azmi A. , Radwan N. , Song Yang
Published: October 2009

Condition monitoring systems of manufacturing processes have been recognised in recent years as one of the key technologies that provide the competitive advantage in many manufacturing environments. It is capable of providing an essential means to reduce cost, increase productivity, improve quality and prevent damage to the machine or work-piece. Turning operations are considered one of the most common manufacturing processes in industry. Despite recent development and intensive engineering research, the development of tool wear monitoring systems in turning is still on-going challenge. In this paper, force and acoustic emission signals are used for monitoring tool wear in a feature fusion model. The results prove that the developed system can be used to enhance the design of condition monitoring systems for turning operations to predict tool wear or damage.
Inverse Design of Performance on a Long-Stroke Sequential Turbocharging Diesel Engine
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Yin Yan , Liu Ming Zhu , Jin Xiang Wei
Published: October 2009

Based on GT-POWER software, simulation model of working process of a long-stroke sequential turbocharging (STC) diesel engine is set up, the calculated result tends to be in agreement with the experimental ones. It proves that the calculation model,method and the selection of the relative parameters are reasonable and the model could predict and improve the performance of the diesel well. To avoid the surging problem and extend its working area, performance parameters of diesel which uses STC with bypass are calculated and compared with experimental data. The paper mainly analyzes the performance and running process of diesel. Finally, the switch point and bypass area of STC are confirmed.
Statistical Analysis of 3D Surface Micro-Topography Characteristics of Micro-WEDM
Authors: Guo Li Bin , Ding Hai Juan , Zhang Zhi Hang
Published: October 2009

The surface micro-topography characteristics of micro-WEDM, which can have a directly significant impact on the parts usability properties, have been attached more and more importance by people. In this study, the method of statistical analysis is applied to work out the two-dimensional autocorrelation function figure and the power spectrum density function figure of the surface micro-topography of micro-WEDM. It can be seen that there are more sharp and narrow peaks and high frequency components, meanwhile, there are some low frequency wave components on the surface. A conclusion is arrived at that the three-dimensional (3D) surface micro-topography of micro-WEDM shows isotropy through analyzing its texture characteristics. The results can provide the theoretical basis for further establishing the appropriate evaluation parameters for the surface roughness of micro-WEDM.
Research on Manufacturing Execution System Oriented to Agile Manufacturing
Authors: Xia Xiao Peng , Ren Guang Sheng
Published: October 2009

As a bridge between top-level transaction and low-level control system of facilities, MES (Manufacturing Execution System) is the key technology to implement the integration of all enterprise information systems. The research on MES oriented to agile manufacturing is of great importance in improving the level of management and automation. This paper is a brief introduction to the features of MES and its key technologies based on agile manufacturing environment. In view of the advanced technology and its practicability and feasibility, the methodology of software reuse is employed to study MES oriented to agile manufacturing. Meanwhile, the author analyses its key technologies, proposes an integration framework of MES oriented to agile manufacturing which can realize the horizontal integration and vertical integration for MES by adopting agent components, and presents a solution to MES’s implementation for the agile manufacturing company.
Wavelet Method for Roughness of Micro-EDM’s Surface Contour Lines
Authors: Chen Zhi Jie , Shen Ji Hong , Guo Li Bin
Published: October 2009

The topography errors of micro electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) surface are mainly composed of surface roughness, surface waveness and profile error. These three errors influence the workpieces functions and performances in varying degrees. Thus, how to pick up these compositions without distortion is very important for surface comprehensive topography evaluation. In this paper, the roughness of micro-EDM surface contour lines is separated by wavelet method. Firstly, it is certified that any curve line could be indicated by different frequency parts with multi-resolution analysis, which is the feasibility study for roughness separation with wavelet method. Then, the mathematical model of roughness separation of contour lines is set up. Finally, the formula of roughness separation times with wavelet theory is given.
The Vibration Analysis of a Simply Supported Plate Excited by Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Her Shiuh Chuan , Liu Chun Yen , Yao Bo Ren , Lan Shien Chin
Published: October 2009

Piezoelectric materials have the advantage of being lightweight, temperature insensitivity low-cost, easy of implementation that can be utilized for passive and active control of structural vibration. They can be surface bonded or embedded in the structures with slight modifications and without significantly changing the structural stiffness of the system. In this investigation, two piezoelectric actuators are symmetrically embedded in a simply supported plate. Electric voltages with the same amplitude and opposite sign are applied to the two symmetric piezoelectric actuators, resulting in the bending effect on the plate. The bending moment is derived and applied to the simply supported plate. The harmonic response of the simply supported plate excited by the piezoelectric actuators is derived and compared with the finite element solution to show the validation of present approach. The effects of the location and exciting frequency of the piezoelectric actuators on the response of the plate are presented through a numerical study.
Dynamic Behavior of the Forging Manipulator under the Press Motions
Authors: Liu De Shi , Li Gang
Published: October 2009

When designing forging manipulators, the bending moments transmitted to the manipulator through the workpiece due to the press motions should be reduced to avoid damage to the manipulator and the workpiece. A resilient system is designed to this purpose. This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of the forging manipulator due to press motions, which focuses on the bending moment transmitted to the manipulator. The Forging manipulator parameters assume primary importance in design, such as the clamp mass, resilient stiffness, resilient damping. A parametric study is committed to provide some helpful solutions for forging manipulator design.
Experimental Investigation on Electrochemical Micro Machining of Complex Shape Parts
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhu Di , Zeng Yong Bin , Huang Shao Fu , Yu Hong Bing
Published: October 2009

This paper introduces a method of machining free-form basis-NURBS curve into the field of micromachining. For achieving the optimization of the EMM (Electrochemical MicroMachining) process parameters, sets of experiments have been carried out to investigate the influence of some of the predominant electrochemical process parameters such as machining voltage, pulse on time, feed rate, and electrode peak shape on machining accuracy and quality. A complex shape with structures of several micrometers has been successfully obtained.
Numerical and Experimental Studies of the Precision Forging of a Screw Propeller
Authors: Wang Wei Wei , Han Fei , Luo Shou Jing
Published: October 2009

The isothermal precision forging of a screw propeller was studied by means of numerical simulation and experimental forming. The deforming processes of the billet under two different forging patterns were discussed. The distributions of the flow line, the effective strain within the billet and the variation of the forging load during the forming process were analyzed. Results showed that there was a great difference of the effective strain existing between the blades and the wheel hub. The material flow and the distribution of deformation can be improved obviously by adding a core punch on the die. The distribution of deformation and forming load can be changed and controlled by adjusting the process parameters. The forging die was designed and manufactured according to the simulation results and perfect precision forgings have been acquired. Both of the simulation and the forming test showed that the precision forging of screw propellers could be formed with the isothermal precision forging satisfactorily.
Process Planning and Program Generation for STEP-Compliant NC Manufacture of Complex Surface Components
Authors: Liu Ri Liang , Xu Yuan Fan , Wang Yi Ran , Zhang Cheng Rui
Published: October 2009

A framework for process planning and NC programming based on STEP and STEP-NC data model is proposed in this paper. The STEP standard and its data structure for CAD models, especially the NURBS based representation of complex surfaces is analyzed. Then the general strategy for process planning using the STEP-NC data structure is presented, and the calculation of cutter contact points and cutter location data for producing complex surfaces based on the geometrical information is addressed. Finally a prototype system is developed for demonstration of the proposed STEP-compliant NC programming approach for complex surface components.
The Research of Data Points Quality Assessment Method in Reverse Engineering
Authors: Cheng Jun Ting , Zhao Wei Ling , Zhao Can , Xie Xue Dong
Published: October 2009

In the field of reverse engineering, data quality assessment is a very important work in the detection, the result of data quality assessment will directly or indirectly affect the detection and the following manufacturing process quality. Data quality assessment can be used in the camera calibration, the model and model reconstruction comparison, and so on. In this paper, on the basis of the existing method of calculating each point error, and multipurpose use of average and standard error and some other concepts of mathematical statistics, and then improve a novel and simple calculating error method. This method is applicable to many groups of one-to-one ideal data and the measured data comparison, and it can be more intuitive to reflect the error of overall data, as well as the error distribution, and it can be more efficient to determine the measured data is reasonable or not. In this paper, the data point quality which is collected in the reverse engineering is assessed, and it can see that the method which is proposed in this article has some advantages in the data point quality assessment field.
Analysis of Temperature Distribution and its Influencing Factors in Laser Welding of Beryllium Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Yu Shao Rong , Yan Yi Xia , Hao Zhi Ming , Yin Yi Hui , Wang Jun , Mo Jun
Published: October 2009

Precise simulation of the temperature distribution throughout welding process is basic for stress analysis. In this paper, numerical simulations and multi-factor regression were used to investigate how the three process parameters, laser power, spot radius and spot offset, influence the temperature distribution in Beryllium (Be) cylindrical shells. The experiments are designed by the compound response surface method. Based on numerical results, regression model are gained as an expression about laser power, laser spot radius and laser spot offset. Then the effects of these three parameters on temperature distribution were obtained. The results could provide guidelines for welding process of Be cylindrical shells.
A Study on a Novel Vibrating Conveyor
Authors: Hsieh Wen Hsiang , Tsai Chia Heng
Published: October 2009

The purpose of this study is to present a novel concept for inline vibrating conveyors, and verify its feasibility by kinematic simulation. First, new conveyor is presented, and its merits are discussed. Then, its kinematically equivalent linkage is described. Moreover, the kinematic dimensions are investigated from its geometry. Finally, the solid model for the proposed design is established, then kinematic simulation is performed by ADAMS software. The simulation results indicate that the proposed new design can effectively advance the workpiece.
Study on Modeling Technique about Complex Valve Body Based on Reverse Engineering
Authors: Qu Li Gang , Qin Zheng Qi
Published: October 2009

The reverse modeling solution and its key technologies about complex part with internal cavity are introduced in this paper, taken the casting valve body for an example. The melt silicon rubber is injected in the valve body to duplicate its internal cavity surface, which is transformed into the external surface of the concretionary silicon rubber entity. The technical hurdle of collecting internal cavity surface data is solved. The key modeling technologies are studied according to data of spot cloud collected by laser-scanning approach, data preprocessing of spot cloud based on synthetic method, respectively constructing contour curves of internal and external piping surfaces, building the sold models corresponding internal and external surfaces on basis of alignment of their coordinates. The final CAD model of valve body is created after Boolean calculation of two sold models. This technical process is be efficiently used to solve the bottleneck of the rapid design and lean development about part with internal cavity structure.
Research on the Plan for NC System Based on STEP-NC
Authors: Zhu Xiao Ming , Xie Shao Wang , Xu Yan , Li Xia
Published: October 2009

To resolve the problems aroused by G code in manufacturing industry, a plan for NC system based on STEP-NC is proposed. The whole system is designed into two parts: system software and system architecture. With modularized design thinking, the control software includes five modules: interpreting module, man-machine interface, task coordinator, axis group module and axis module. For the system architecture, an open architecture is used which adopts different products from different manufacturers, being connected together by softSERCANS bus. By a machining test, the expected machining features are realized, proving that the NC system designed is reliable.
Study on Workpiece Machining Precision PID Control Model in Closed-Loop Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Lu Jun , Huang Yu Mei , Li Wen Wen , Liu Yang , Zhong Hua
Published: October 2009

In this paper, a new concept named “Closed-loop Manufacturing System” (CLMS) is proposed. The Workpiece Machining Precision PID Control Model (WMPPCM) is outlined firstly, in which PID model expressions are structured and the role of proportion, integration, differential adjustment are analyzed. Then, the experimental method of WMPPCM is established to verify the feasibility and validity of this model. In the experiment, WMPPCM could be utilized to estimate the trend of processing error so as to conduct the adjustment before production. It is also proved that WMPPCM in CLMS has a significant effect on error compensation, which builds up the theoretical foundation for paper research on CLMS in terms of WMPPCM.
Using Modal Analysis and Optimization to Determine Elastic Constants of Thick Composite Plates
Authors: Lin Yu Hua , Chang Chia Lung
Published: October 2009

This paper presents an inverse method to derive the elastic constants of thick composite plates from the resonance frequencies of a free-edge test specimen based on modal vibration test. A mixed numerical experimental identification procedure is used for this purpose. The sum of the squared differences between the experimental frequencies and analytical frequencies from finite element method is chosen as the objective function. The optimization techniques, Hybrid Genetic /Simulated Annealing algorithm, have been applied to determine the elastic constants. As the objective function reaches its minimum, its corresponding design variables are the elastic constants of the material. The present method is applied to determine the elastic constants of AS4/PEKK material. The results indicate that different stacking sequences and numbers of frequencies have effects on the determination of elastic constants of the materials.
Predictions of Springback of Strain-Hardening Material in U-Shaped Bending Process
Authors: Yang Tung Sheng , Lu Huai Shiun
Published: October 2009

This study applies the finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with an abductive network to predict springback of different strain-hardening material in U-shaped bending process.Springback is investigated for different material parameters, such as strength coefficient of material, strain-hardening exponent and Young’s modulus, by finite element analysis during U-shaped bending process. The abductive network is then applied to synthesize the data sets obtained from the numerical simulations. Prediction results of the springback of different strain-hardening material in U-shaped bending process are consistent with the results obtained from FEM simulation quite well. After employing the predictive model can provide valuable references in prediction of the springback of U-shaped bending process under a suitable range of material parameters.
Dynamic Analysis on Underlay Microstructure for Cu/Low-k Wafer during Wire Bonding
Authors: Hsu Hsiang Chen , Chin Pei Chieh , Hu Chin Yuan , Chang Wei Yao , Yeh Chang Lin , Lai Yi Shao
Published: October 2009

Two major analyses were conducted in this paper. In the first, experimental procedures are accomplished to measure the tensile mechanical properties of ultra thin gold wire (=1mil) before/after electric flame-off (EFO). Characteristics of free air ball (FAB), heat affected zone (HAZ) and as-drawn wire have been carefully investigated by nanoindentation, microhardness and self-design pull test fixture. Secondary, with the obtained experimental material data, a comprehensive finite element model using software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is successfully developed to simulate the wirebonding. Dynamic analysis is performed to evaluate the overall stress distributions on the underlay microstructure of Cu/low-k wafer. Special emphasizes are focused on the Copper via and the intermetal dielectric (IMD)/undoped silica glass (USG) dielectric microstructure.
An Incidence Matrix Support for Conceptual Design Based on Port Ontology
Authors: Cao Dong Xing , Li Zhan Wei , Li Hong Lai , Qi Kai Cheng
Published: October 2009

Existing conceptual design methods mainly focus on component modeling and representation, which makes them insufficient to help in the conceptual design stage. Port ontology, as an approach to formally expressing product design, has been effectively applied to concept description of a product. An incidence matrix support for product conceptual design based on port ontology is given in this paper. It formally represents and organizes product information in both functional ontology and physical domain in a hierarchy. Port compatibilities are used to map and link the two components. This makes it possible to build incidence matrix and decompose it into an independence matrix, and allow designers from different backgrounds with various interests to access the design ontology. A multilevel matrix is constructed to generate principle schemes of products at different levels of abstraction, which facilitates design decision-making through the whole conceptual design stage. A case study is also given to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Study on Thermo-Mechanical Behaviors of Shape Memory Polymer
Authors: Zhou Bo , Liu Yan Ju , Leng Jin Song , Li Tao
Published: October 2009

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests are conducted on styrene-based shape memory polymer(SMP) to investigate its glass transition behaviors. The tensile tests at various temperatures are operated to detect the stress-strain relationship of styrene-based SMP. The material elastic moduli and yielding limits at 25oC, 30oC, 40oC, and 50oC are determined according to the results of tensile test. A new material parameter function is supposed to express the glass transition behavior of styrene-based SMP. The shape memory thermo-mechanical cycle of styrene-based SMP is numerically simulated by Tobushi’s constitutive equation coupled with the new material parameter function. Numerical results show the new material parameter function can express the thermo-mechanical properties of styrene-based SMP effectively.
Research on Superfine Wood Powder Disintegrator with Multi-Granularity Used in Power Generation
Authors: Yang Lan Yu , Ma Yan
Published: October 2009

Both dynamic cutters installed on the shaft and fixed cutters installed on the shell has realized to form the high-pressured superimposition produced the high dynamic pressure and the static pressure due to the Reynolds effect during process of high-speed rotation, which forms high pressure required by super velocity centrifugal grinding, and raw material of the sawdust or fibrous fragments can be stricken and cut into the wood powders which are in line with granularity of requirement for power generation through treble percussion effect including percussion between the particles and the dynamic and fixed cutters, percussion between particles and particles, and percussion between the particles and the shell. Simultaneously, the disintegrator has realized integration between the main motor and the main spindle, which has many characteristics such as contact construction, low noise and slight vibration. This machine is possible to realize 3 kind of granularity that could be selected.
Simulation of the Flow Behavior of Thin Polymer Film during Nanoimprint Lithography Based on a Viscoelastic Model
Authors: Fan Xi Qiu
Published: October 2009

Based on viscoelastic fluid mechanics, this paper presents a simulation model of the flow behaviour of thin polymer film during nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The polymer is imprinted at a constant temperature of 180oC and at a constant imprint speed of 100nm/s by using a tool with a single convex feature of 100 nm in width and 500 nm in height. At the imprint beginning, only a very limited area adjacent to the tool top is affected by the imprint, but subjects to a sudden change of pressure. With the imprint process forward, the wave-like polymer front and the trumpet-shaped profile are predicted to travel out from the imprint patterns. When the tool base intimately contacts the polymer film, another sudden change of the pressure occurs in the area under the interface between the polymer surface and the tool base. These results are of significance to understand the flow behaviour of NIL.
Elastoplastic Instability of the Double-Arc Ring-Stiffened Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Yang Li Hong , He Yun Zeng , Zou Guang Ping , He Chao
Published: October 2009

The elastoplastic instability of the symmetrical double-arc ring-stiffened cylindrical shell was analyzed. The critical pressure was obtained for small deflection elastoplastic buckling of the cylindrical shell under hydrostatic pressure. The critical pressure for large deflection buckling of the cylindrical shell with initial geometric imperfections was determined under hydrostatic pressure by using nonlinear large deformation theory. The effects of hoop equivalent wave number, initial geometric imperfection and the central angle of circular arc on buckling mode and critical pressure of double-arc ring-stiffened cylindrical shell were analyzed. The results showed that the hoop equivalent wave number of arc cylindrical shell had an main effect on the critical pressure of the structure, designed equivalent hoop wave number of double-arc cylindrical shell should not be approach to the hoop wave number corresponding to minimum critical pressure, and the central angle of circular arc had less effect on critical pressure of the structure.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Temperature Fields for Laser Assisted Machining of Silicon Nitride
Authors: Wu Xue Feng , Zhang Hong Zhi , Wang Yang , Xie Chao
Published: October 2009

Laser assisted machining (LAM) is an effective method machining difficult-to-machine materials such as ceramics which uses a high power laser to focally heat a workpiece prior to material removal with a traditional cutting tool. A laser assisted machining experiment system was set up and a transient, three-dimensional heat transfer model was developed for LAM of silicon nitride using Finite Element Method to understand the thermal process of laser heating. The model was based on temperature-dependent thermophysical properties and the heat generated was neglected due to cutting which is assumed to be small compared to the heat generated by laser heating. The experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of operating parameters, such as laser power, laser translational speed, rotational speed, laser beam diameter and preheating time on temperature distribution. An infrared radiation thermometer was used to measure the surface temperature histories and the experimental results were in good agreement with predictions. The laser power and laser translational speed have the greatest influence on the temperature.
Removal of Brilliant Green from Aqueous Solution Using Diatomite-Attapulgite Composite Nano-Size Adsorbent
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Lin Sheng , Jing Zhao Qian
Published: October 2009

Diatomite-attapulgite composite nano-size adsorbent was prepared using natural diatomite and attapulgite through compounding, granulation, calcination and activation. After elementary characterization of this adsorbent by mercury porosimeter, batch tests were carried out to examine its removal mechanism of brilliant green. The influence of adsorbent concentration, contact time, pH, temperature and initial brilliant green concentration on the dye removal were investigated. Increase in adsorbent dosage led to increase in brilliant green adsorption due to increased number of adsorption sites. Maximum adsorption of brilliant green was found at adsorbent dosage of 100 g/L. Adsorption equilibrium attained within 2 h time. The pH variation studies showed that the adsorption process was highly pH dependent. The optimum pH for adsorption of brilliant green was found to be >7. The sorption of brilliant green decreased with the rise of temperature because adsorption process was exothermic. Adsorption isotherm studies showed that Langmuir model fitted the experimental data better than Freundlich model.
Rheological Properties of Aircraft Grease Containing Nano-Additives
Authors: Song Bao Yu , Yang Qing Xiang , Zhang Feng , Su Dai Zhong
Published: October 2009

The apparent viscosity of aircraft grease with different nano-particles content, temperature and shear rates were studied using a rotational viscometer. The rheological properties of two types of aircraft grease, the basic grease and the one with nano-particles additives, were investigated using a rheometer. The results indicated that the apparent viscosity increases with the increase of nanoparticle concentration with the given ratio of nano-particles added. It was also found that the grease with and without the nano-particles both have yield stresses and clear shear-thinning properties. The shear-thinning phenomenon of the grease containing nano-particles is more evident than that of the basic grease. The experimental results also reveal that the rheological characteristics of both types of grease fall in Herschel-Bulkley class, and the nano-particles have a significant influence on the rheological parameters. At the end, the rheology mechanism was discussed based on the entanglement and orientation theories.
Preparation of Imprinted Polymer with D-Phenylalanin on Silica Surface
Authors: Dong Hong Xing , Jiang Qiu Li , Tong Fei , Wang Zhen Xing , Tang Jin Yong
Published: October 2009

Silica gel was modified with polymerizable double bonds on the surface. Then the molecular imprinting polymer imprinted with D-Phenylalanin was grafted on the surface of modified silica gel. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on the surface of silica gel was characterized by IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption property of D-Phenylalanin by MIP was mearsured. The MIP with the combined functional monomers exhibited better adsorption properties and selectivity compared with the corresponding non-imprinted polymers or MIP with the single functional monomer. The material could be used in separation research field, such as packing material of high performance liquid chromatography, solid-phase extraction and so on.
Technical Parameters of Rice-Straw Board with Fire-Retardant of Wood
Authors: Zhu Xiao Dong , Wang Feng Hu , Cao Jun
Published: October 2009

The orthogonal theories were carried out to analyze the effect of MDI, UF and FRW content on the mechanical and fire retardant properties of rice-straw based boards in this paper. The interface alkaline treatment showed a significant effect on the surface bonding performance of rice- straw. The bonding property of rice-straw based boards increased with the increasing of resin content, especially for the effect of MDI content on MOR, MOE. The tendency of pkHRR decreased and the target for fire retardant realized by the FRW content increased. Based on analysis, the optimal technical parameters were obtained as MDI content 3%, UF content 6% and FRW fire retardant 10% separately.
Utilizing Restricted Direction Strategy and Binary Heap Technology to Optimize Dijkstra Algorithm in WebGIS
Authors: Li Rui
Published: October 2009

Shortest path is the core issue in application of WebGIS. Improving the efficiency of the algorithm is an urgent requirement to be resolved at present. By the lossy algorithm analyzing, which is the current research focus of the shortest path algorithm to optimize, utilizing adjacency table of storage structures, restricted direction strategy and binary heap technology to optimize the algorithm, thereby reduce the scale of algorithm to improve the operating efficiency of algorithm. This scheme has been applied in the simulation of the data downloaded from the Guangdong Provincial Highway Network Information System and satisfactory results have been obtained.
Adaptive Neural Network L2-Gain Control for Unmodeled Dynamics Nonlinear System
Authors: Wang Ge Si , Yu Zhi Gang , Song Shen Min
Published: October 2009

A new control scheme is proposed for the nonlinear system with unmodeled dynamics based on HJI and adaptive neural network L2-gain controller. The aim is to make the closed-loop system a finite gain L2 stable between the disturbance and output of the system. The approach will avoid the limit of precise modelling, only need the unmodeled dynamics to be bounded without the other transcendent information. The simulation results show that the control system designed can satisfy the performance indicators proposed.
A Stereo Vision Based Target Tracking and Obstacle Avoidance
Authors: Ho Chao Ching
Published: October 2009

Designing a visual tracking system to track an object is a complex task because a large amount of video data must be transmitted and processed in real time. In this study, a stereo vision system is used to acquire the 3D positions of the target, tracking can be achieved by applying the CAMSHIFT algorithm, then apply the fuzzy reasoning control to steer the mobile robot to follow the selected target and avoid the in-path obstacles. The adopted obstacle avoidance component is based on the Harris corner detection and the binocular stereo imaging, which performs the correspondence calculation. Therefore a depth map is created and showing the relative 3D distances of the detected substantial features to the robot, which provides the information of the in-path obstacles in front of the wheeled mobile robot. The designed visual tracking and servo system is less sensitive to lighting influences and thus performs more efficiently. Experimental results showed that the mobile robot vision system successfully finished the target-following task by avoiding obstacles.