bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting EFL Learner Autonomy in a Teacher-Centered Culture through Video-Sharing and Collaborating in Online Forums
Authors: Edwards Roger , Holguín-Barrera María Daniela , Ortiz Ana Cristina , Pérez Mariela
Published: January 2020

This action research was undertaken at a university language center in Ambato, Ecuador, as a result of concerns over the high level of teacher dependence among learners of English as a Second Language (EFL). The project aimed at assessing the development of autonomous learning behavior and the motivational impact of student collaboration on encouraging a change in student behavior toward autonomy. The participating students were 154 EFL students of lower advanced levels who engaged in a 5-week intervention addressed at encouraging autonomous listening comprehension practice through videos. Participants used the Moodle® platform to share videos with peers of the same level, who were also able to post comments on the content of the videos. Quantitative and qualitative parameters were used to assess the achievement of two objectives: the extent of the development of autonomous behavior; and the extent of the motivational impact of student collaboration on encouraging autonomous behavior. Analysis of participation showed development of student autonomy when measured against three of the four parameters used. Analysis of feedback showed the platform-based collaborative learning strategy had a significant impact on student motivation and engagement during the intervention. Feedback included the recommendation to extend and improve the intervention, while complementing it with a medium to allow greater interaction in real time.
The Significance of Promoting Teacher Reflection: A Review Article
Authors: Moayeri Mahnaz , Rahimiy Ramin
Published: January 2020

The present review article is intended to bring the significant issue of teachers’ reflective practice into the limelight by overviewing how this concept evolved through time and what it promises for successful teaching. The concept of teacher reflection, defined as teachers’ beliefs about their teaching practice, has been subjected to a number of criticisms regarding its instrumental nature, disregard of social justice, and a vague reinforcement of the existing ideologies instead of challenging beliefs. These critiques have been discussed in this article, and possible ways to overcome the challenges are highlighted. Furthermore, pieces of evidence from a number of previous research studies are reviewed, which highlight how practicing reflection enables teachers to become aware of both their individual development and the different dimensions of the education program. It is further discussed that teacher reflection can benefit from different research perspective attempting to solve the ambiguities blurring its significance.
Avances sobre la obtención de un producto de acción anabólica de un cultivo de Paramecium Caudatum
Authors: García Javier Urrutia
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo pretende presentar un avance sobre la obtención de un producto de biosíntesis de un cultivo de Paramecium caudatum, su caracterización cristalográfica y su caracterización física. Este trabajo hace referencia al procedimiento de colección de las muestras, el transporte, el cultivo, la identificación de la diversidad celular incluyendo a individuos del genero Paramecium, su alimentación con Sacharomyces cerevisiae, el conteo diario del cultivo, su exposición a crioterapia, la obtención de la sustancia cristaloide, su caracterización cristalográfica, su caracterización física, y su caracterización química. Con cuyo proceso se pretende dejar establecido el método de obtención de una sustancia que por sus efectos pudiera desarrollarse como posible fármaco, dadas sus propiedades anabólicas en plantas y animales; el cual servirá como material de investigación en futuras pruebas biológicas. La importancia del cultivo de Paramecium caudatum, se presentó en el antepasado congreso de investigación e innovación, donde se expuso la utilidad de la técnica de cultivo de Paramecium caudatum usando como alimento Sacharomyces cerevisiae. Mencionándose que dicho cultivo podía ser utilizado para alimentar los alevines en los acuarios. En esta ocasión se destaca la importancia del cultivo de Paramecium caudatum como fuente de obtención de un principio activo obtenido por biosíntesis al someter dicho cultivo a un proceso de enfriamiento.
Fronteira materiais e espirituais: exibindo a coexistência entre deus e outros parentes afro-caribenhos em Old Bank, Panamá
Authors: Fioretti Bongianino Claudia
Published: January 2020

A análise se inspira em uma exibição museológica sobre as tradições fúnebres da vila afro-panamenha de Old Bank (localmente chamadas de “nain nait”), a qual foi projetada por meus interlocutores e por mim em 2016. Com base nessa experiência e em quinze meses de etnografia, argumento que é impossível traçar uma fronteira entre parentesco e religião ali. De fato, as práticas e ideias locais de relatedness focam, não em pertencimentos exclusivos relativos ao sangue e ao sobrenome (no caso do parentesco) ou à filiação a uma doutrina específica (no caso da religião), mas sim na atualização de ritos extraordinários e atos de cuidado ordinários resumidos como “liv laik fámili”. Isto é, focam no “viver como família” junto com agências não/humanas e i/materiais, cuja coexistência foi herdada dos próprios antepassados afro-caribenhos e dos próprios parentes Bíblicos (entre os quais, Deus e Diabo), que literalmente habitam os corpos das pessoas.
New Grey Integrated Model to Solve Machine Selection Problem for a Textile Company
Authors: Ulutaş Alptekin
Published: January 2020

The textile sector has become an indispensable part of the Turkish economy. The sewing machine is a long-lasting and easy-to-use tool widely used in the garment industry, which is a branch of the textile industry. The sewing machine is an indispensable production tool for the textile industry and sewing machine selection is a significant decision for the production performance of textile companies. Selecting an appropriate sewing machine increases production performance, while selecting an improper one reduces production performance. The sewing machine selection problem is a typical machine selection issue. Many criteria, such as cost, productivity, safety etc. are considered in the machine selection. Therefore, MCDM methods are applicable to solve the machine selection problem. This study develops an integrated grey MCDM model including Grey AHP and ROV-G to select the most appropriate sewing machine for an apparel textile company.
Monitoring System for the Formation Process Line of PAN Composite Fibres
Authors: Karbownik Iwona , Rybicki Tomasz
Published: January 2020

The aim and scope of this work included the design and practical implementation of a digital monitoring system for the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibre spinning process line used for the creation of different PAN based fibres doped with silver (Ag), polyaniline (PANI), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). After the collecting and processing of process parameters, including bath temperatures and the rotational speed of the feeding-receiving points, available in the form of digital data, they were compared with the appearance of fibres obtained (their surface structure and cross-section shape) and with the results of the fibre specific strength (WtP). Archiving of speed and temperature measurement data allowed to create a database combining the process parameters with the parameters of the fibres obtained. Online monitoring of the parameters enabled programmable change of the speed and temperature in important parts of the process in order to develop appropriate production profiles.
Death as a global annihilation of life in the perspective of Hans Jonas’s ethics of responsibility
Authors: Pucko Zygmunt
Published: January 2020

The phenomenon of death is an issue which was very frequent in philosophy. However, almost all reflections on this subject were usually from the anthropocentric perspective. In the cognitive horizon, for example, the issue of the essence of death was investigated, human helplessness was discussed in its face, models of existential attitude towards inevitability were constructed. This anthropocentric attitude changed only in the second half of the twentieth century in the result of the ecological crisis. From then on, in the philosophical debate, not only is discussed the death of a man but also death in the sense of total annihilation of life on Earth. According to the concept of global death, the passing ceases to be accidental. It loses connotations close to the metaphor of further life. It also ceases to be identical with the cosmic metamorphosis. Instead, it becomes a synonym of evil, which delivers the final blow to everything that lives in the biosphere. In this vision, one can grasp death cognitively and oppose its physical abandonment. Man, regarding global death, can remain a causative agent. One of the philosophical versions of stopping the invasion of death was proposed by Hans Jonas. He called his strategy the ethics of responsibility. Fear heuristics, new axiology and the ideal of human attitudes play a key role in it.
Spigelian hernia: a case report
Authors: Martyniuk M. , Ustymowicz W. , Zińczuk J. , Pryczynicz A. , Guzińska-Ustymowicz K. , Kędra B. , Zaręba K.
Published: January 2020

Spigelian hernias constitute a minute fraction of all abdominal hernias. In this monography, we present a case report of this relatively seldom seen phenomenon which some general surgeons never get to see during their medical career.
Perioperative challenges in a primary hyperparathyroid patient with osteitis fibrosa cystic and borderline QTc: a case-based review and practice analysis
Authors: HMR. Karim , PK. Neema , Iqbal J.
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Perioperative care of primary hyperparathyroidism patients is a significant challenge. The challenge increases when the preoperative optimization of the patient is suboptimal due to any reason. Concomitant complications like osteitis fibrosa cystic, renal involvement, and multiple electrolyte abnormalities predispose these patients towards multiple morbidities and even mortality during the perioperative period. It is known that the hypercalcemia causes shortened QT, and the inhalational and intravenous anesthesia drug-induced QT prolongation is likely to be buffered. On the other hand, prolonged QTc in primary hyperparathyroid patients in the presence of hypercalcemia is more uncommon, but an extremely challenging situation for anesthesiologists as these patients are more prone to torsadogenesity.

Materials and methods: A case-based review is presented in this paper. To review the current practice and opinions, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar using the advanced search engine with the combination index words of primary hyper-parathyroidism, anesthesia, anaesthesia, anesthesia management, and anaesthesia management with a time frame of January 1, 2000, to August 30, 2018.

Results: The results are enumerated in the text. Although anesthetic management of primary hyperparathyroid patients is available in the literature, anesthetic management of primary hyperparathyroid patients with prolonged or borderline QTc is not well described. In this paper, we present a case that was successfully managed using Desflurane based minimal flow anesthesia, which is probably also the first of such.

Conclusion: Balanced anesthesia with Propofol induction and modern inhalational agents for maintenance and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade appears to be safe method of anesthesia.
On bruits, hums, and sounds in the ear and in the head: the Polish forgotten contribution
Authors: Ohry A.
Published: January 2020

Reviewing the relevant medical literature on cranial bruits, revealed that the contributions of the Jewish-Polish laryngologist Samuel Meyerson (1851-1939) and his colleague the famous Jewish-Polish neuro-

logist Samuel Goldflam (1852-1932), is totally forgotten. This article is a reminder of one of the many historical Polish original contributions to medicine and science.
PENAL FISCAL LIABILITY FOR VIOLATING
THE CONDITIONS OF TEMPORARY ADMISSION
PROCEDURE
Authors: Skowronek Grzegorz
Published: January 2020

Fiscal crimes and violations are in principle of a blanket character,
and their specifi c characteristics are linked to the content of many provisions
of the fi nance act, which complement the statutory features of offences
under the Polish Penal Fiscal Code. This situation takes place in the case
of offences under Art. 88 of the Penal Fiscal Code involving violations of procedural
rules for temporary admission. The criminal-law evaluation of the
fi scal offences from this provision requires taking into account the fi scal
regulations included in the legal acts in the fi eld of customs law. This article
thoroughly analyses the issues related to the temporary admission procedure
with simultaneous assessment of the behaviour of the perpetrator, which
may constitute fi scal offence violation conditions of temporary clearance.
State Security Policy and Changing the Nature of the Conflict after the End of the Cold War Rivalry
Authors: Korczyc Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

The aim of the paper is to try to determine the essence of the new face of armed conflict. Liberia is the main point of reference in the analysis for two reasons. Firstly, Liberia is the oldest independent republic on the African continent and its establishing is linked to paradoxical events begun in 1821, when black people settling in the vicinity of Monrovia, former slaves liberated from South American cotton plantations, reconstructed a slave-like type of society, taking local, poorly organised tribes as their subjects. Secondly, Liberia proves that the intensity of changes in armed conflict does not have to be strictly dependent on the size of the land: a country of small geographical size can equal or even exceed countries with several times larger surface in terms of features of “new wars”. In 1989 in Liberia, the nine-year presidency of Samuel Doe, characterised by exceptional ineptitude and bloody terror, led to the outbreak of clashes between government forces and the opposition from National Patriotic Front of Liberia, led by Charles Taylor. Thus, the first civil war in Liberia was begun, that lasted until 1997 and became an arena of mass violations of human rights, leaving behind 150,000 dead victims and about 850,000 refugees to neighbouring countries.
Clinical practice guidelines, quality indicators, and the true values of primary care
Authors: Petrazzuoli Ferdinando , Petrazzuoli Mario
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Metaphilosophical Dualism
Authors: Barham Ross ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

There exist two equally prominent, though seemingly divergent metaphilosophical viewpoints. One takes philosophy to be an essentially revolutionary process. The other sees philosophy as a constructive, collaborative enterprise that seeks increased rigor and consensus. Recent debate in the philosophy of language regarding the relationship of particular languages to the general capacity for language reveals an illuminating structural analogy with these divergent metaphilosophical trends. While neither debate is settled herein, regardless of their eventual determinations, it is concluded that there is little reason to suppose that philosophy will some day become a science, at least not in any metaphilosophically meaningful sense of the phrase.
Dous sonetos barrocos en galego. Algunhas consideracións
Authors: Arias Chachero Patricia
Published: January 2020

En 1611 falecía a raíña Margarida de Austria. Un ano despois imprimíase na Coruña un libro de poemas no seu honor. Un texto que incluía únicamente dous textos en galego. Un par sonetos barrocos que tratan o tema da morte desde distintos puntos de vista. Referímonos ao «Soneto gallego» de Pedro Vázquez de Neyra e ao «Soneto con falda» de Xoán Gómez Tonel, dous textos con moitas reminiscencias cultas plenamente encadrables no Barroco.In 1611 Queen Margaret of Austria died. A year later, a book of poems was printed in her honour in A Coruña. The book included only two poems in Galician, a couple of Baroque sonnets that deal with the subject of death from different viewpoints. We refer to them as the «Galician Sonnet» by Pedro Vázquez de Neira and the «Sonnet with Skirt» by Juan Gómez Tonal, two texts with many cultured reminiscences, fully framed in the Baroque period.
Reseñas
Authors: - - -
Published: January 2020

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Dependência do exercício e traços da imagem corporal em graduandos militares em educação física
Authors: Martins Yuri Mello , Oliveira Gleywson Marcelo Lins de , Silveira Alex Silva da , Farias Emanuel da Silva , Melo Samuel Ricardo Milagres , Cardoso Júnior Wanderley Amoêdo , Neves Angela NOGUEIRA
Published: January 2020

A dependência do exercício se caracteriza pela ânsia em praticar exercício físico no tempo livre – seja como parte de um outro transtorno seja como fim em si mesmo, que resulta em um comprometimento emocional e de tempo destinado a essa prática.  Tanto a dependência do exercício primária e secundária parece ter impacto na imagem corporal. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a associação e similaridade da dependência do exercício com dos traços da imagem corporal entre estudantes brasileiros militares de educação física. Participaram do estudo 45 alunos do Curso de Instrutor de Educação Física da Escola de Educação Física do Exército, todos homens. As versões brasileiras da Exercise Dependence Scale, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale, Social Physicque Anxiety Scale  e Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale foram voluntariamente respondidos pelos participantes no início do curso. Em torno de 70% da amostra foi caracterizada como risco de não dependência sintomática e 18% em risco de dismorfia muscular. Os sintomas de dependência do exercício parecem ser primários, não fazendo parte da dismorfia muscular A análise de cluster indicou 5 grupos de fatores semelhantes, em dois deles agregam-se somente fatores de dismorfia muscular e drive for muscularity, em outro fatores da dependência do exercício e condicionamento físico e nos outros dois traço de dependência do exercício, ansiedade físico social e perfeccionismo. Apenas o fator tolerância da dependência do exercício não se associa a qualquer traço a imagem corporal e o fator checagem da escala de dismorfia muscular foi aquele mais associado a mais fatores de dependência do exercício. Esperamos que esta pesquisa possa subsidiar outras pesquisas longitudinais, experimentais e estudos transculturais
La actividad física y el deporte saludable en exdeportistas de élite
Authors: Torregrossa Miquel , Conde Elena , Pérez Andrea , Ramis Yago , Soriano Gerard
Published: January 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es doble. Por un lado, pretende describir los aspectos motivacionales y beneficios que obtienen los exdeportistas de élite que se mantienen físicamente activos después de la retirada y las barreras que perciben los exdeportistas físicamente inactivos, comparando los niveles de actividad física que reportan ambos grupos. Por otro lado, probar las relaciones entre los diferentes tipos de motivos y regulaciones conductuales que pueden predecir la práctica de actividad física saludable y deporte recreativo de los exdeportistas de élite. Se realizó un estudio transversal. Participaron 317 exdeportistas de élite (Medad = 36.5, DS = 7.18 años) completaron un cuestionario en línea que evaluaba motivos, regulaciones conductuales, cantidad de ejercicio, estados de cambio, beneficios y barreras. Respecto a la regulación conductual, los exdeportistas mostraron altos niveles de motivación intrínseca y regulación identificada y bajos de regulación extrínseca y amotivación. Los beneficios principales de practicar actividad física saludable y deporte recreativo fueron la diversión, la revitalización y la buena salud. Los exdeportistas físicamente inactivos (12.9%) detectaron como barreras principales los conflictos con otras actividades, su forma física actual y el hecho de haber perdido acceso a recursos e instalaciones. Los exdeportistas físicamente activos mostraron un perfil con niveles más altos de motivos intrínsecos, regulación interna y actividad física que los inactivos. Por su parte, los inactivos reportaron niveles significativamente más altos de motivos extrínsecos y amotivación. Proponemos que para promover actividad física saludable y deporte recreativo en la población de exdeportistas inactivos los programas de promoción deberían enfatizar la buena salud, el reconocimiento social y la competición, motivos todos ellos que predicen positivamente la regulación intrínseca y la actividad física autoinformada.
Efeito de um programa de apoio às necessidades psicológicas básicas sobre os comportamentos pró e anti-socias na educação física escolar
Authors: ZANETTI MARCELO CALLEGARI , FELTRAN GRAZIELA NÉSPOLI , DIAS HELTON MAGALHÃES , POLITO LUIS FELIPE TUBAGI , DE SOUZA JÚNIOR LUÍS ANTÔNIO , VILLAS BOAS JUNIOR MARCELO , PORTO FILGUEIRAS ISABEL , Brandao Maria Regina Ferreira
Published: January 2020

Comportamentos antissociais tornaram-se recorrentes no ambiente escolar e se manifestado por meio de agressões físicas, verbais e simbólicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de uma intervenção, fundamentada no atendimento das necessidades psicológicas básicas (NPB), nos comportamentos pró e antissociais em aulas de Educação Física escolar. Participaram deste estudo 45 alunos e 2 professores de educação Física (PEF) divididos em Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo Intervenção (GI). Os alunos responderam o Questionário de Atitudes no Esporte (QAE-23) e uma entrevista semiestruturada nos momentos pré e pós intervenção. A intervenção consistiu em uma orientação semanal com o PEF do GI durante 10 semanas, com objetivo de realizar adaptações na aula a fim de levar ao cumprimento das NPB. Para verificar diferença entre os grupos, em relação às respostas do QAE-23, nos momentos pré e pós, foi utilizado o teste T de Student e adotado nível de significância 5%. Na análise qualitativa, as entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e, posteriormente, categorizadas e analisadas. Mediante análise dos relatos obtidos pela entrevista foi possível observar percepção do atendimento das NPB e redução de comportamentos antissociais. Contudo, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para as respostas do QAE-2. Conclui-se, por meio dos relatos obtidos na entrevista, que a intervenção pautada no cumprimento das NPB possibilitou um efeito positivo em relação à redução dos comportamentos antissociais, porém, os dados quantitativos sugerem que a duração do estudo pode ter sido um fator limitante de maior efeito em relação à ausência internalização dos comportamentos.
Diseño y validación de una herramienta de observación para porteros en balonmano playa
Authors: Vázquez Diz Juan Antonio , Morillo Baro Juan Pablo , Reigal Rafael E. , Morales Sánchez Verónica Odilia , Hernández Mendo Antonio
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue crear un instrumento de observación en el contexto del balonmano playa para analizar las acciones del portero ante los lanzamientos de los atacantes. La herramienta ha sido diseñada ad hocmediante un sistema mixto de formatos de campo y sistema de categorías exhaustivas y mutuamente excluyentes (E/ME). Está constituida por 11 criterios y 85 categorías, destacando entre ellas el jugador que lanza, el tipo de lanzamiento, la acción defensiva realizada para dificultar ese lanzamiento y la acción del portero para intentar repelerlo. Se ha realizado un análisis de Calidad del Dato y un análisis de Generalizabilidad, se ha realizado un procedimiento de concordancia consensuada. Además, se han estimado los coeficientes de correlación Pearson, Spearman, Tau b de Kendall y el índice Kappa de Cohen. Los resultados han mostrado índices adecuados de correlación (≤ 0,936) y Kappa de Cohen (≤ 0,906). Los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de Generalizabilidad son también excelentes, resultando unos coeficientes G relativo y G absoluto de 0,985, en la concordancia interobservador, y de 0.998, en la concordancia intraobserbador. En conjunto, los datos presentados en este trabajo ponen de relieve una elevada validez, precisión y fiabilidad de las observaciones efectuadas con la herramienta analizada.
Od lingua nativa do lingua fracta: kulturowe wymiary dyskursu w analizie lingwistycznej
Authors: Steciąg Magdalena
Published: January 2020

The article contains a suggestion to frame a shift towards the cultural dimension of discourse in its linguistic analysis through the notion of lingua nativa – lingua materna – lingua fracta. In this approach, the gradual dispersion of the idea of language as a natural phenomenon is emphasized in three aspects: the common language referring to the “world of things” and everyday experiences; the first/native language, which “runs in the blood”; and the spoken language in non-mediated interpersonal communication.
Wie die Neue Rechte den Flüchtlingsdiskurs mitprägt – ein Versuch einer wortorientierten Diskursanalyse anhand Junger Freiheit und Compact
Authors: Maślanka Sebastian
Published: January 2020

Assuming an active role of language in profiling the reality of a given discourse, the article presents characteristic discursive practices used by the media related to the German New Right when referring to the migration crisis and refugees. Based on the DIMEAN model, the online magazines of Junge Freiheit and Compact were analyzed accordingly.
Becks Konzept der Metamorphose und Flecks Denkstil. Überlegungen zu ihrer Verschränkung
Authors: Szurawitzki Michael
Published: January 2020

In this paper, an interweaving of the concepts of metamorphosis, developed by Ulrich Beck, and the scientific thinking style of Ludwik Fleck is suggested. Due to our own relevant preliminary work, it seems obvious to bring these two concepts together for the purpose of a theoretical connection useful for linguistics, especially for discourse linguistics. After a short introduction (1) and a review of the state of research on Fleck’s theory of cognition (2), the core term “metamorphosis” is semantically determined (3), and comments are made on the relevance of the concept. This is followed by an analysis of Beck’s The Metamorphosis of the World, which focuses on the concept of metamorphosis as he sees it (4). Here, the linguistic relevance of the concept is emphasized, which Beck mentions explicitly. This is followed by a section on Ludwik Fleck’s Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (5.). Here, comments are made on Fleck’s thinking style and on the thinking collective. On this basis, the synthesis of Beck’s and Fleck’s ideas is sought (6.), a directed perception with a view to social metamorphoses. This can best be done linguistically using the discourse-linguistic multi-layer analysis (DIMEAN), as proposed by Spitzmüller/Warnke. DIMEAN is presented accordingly, and subsequently modified for the analysis of linguistic manifestations of metamorphosis (6.1). Using the example of various linguistic metamorphosis phenomena from the discourse around the German federal elections of 2017–2018, the applicability of the combination of Beck’s and Fleck’s ideas is then tested (6.2). The article concludes with a summary and perspectives for further research (7).
Stepwise polarisation of developing bilayered epidermis is mediated by aPKC and E-cadherin in zebrafish
Authors: Arora Prateek , Dongre Shivali , Raman Renuka , Sonawane Mahendra
Published: January 2020

The epidermis, a multilayered epithelium, surrounds and protects the vertebrate body. It develops from a bilayered epithelium formed of the outer periderm and underlying basal epidermis. How apicobasal polarity is established in the developing epidermis has remained poorly understood. We show that both the periderm and the basal epidermis exhibit polarised distribution of adherens junctions in zebrafish. aPKC, an apical polarity regulator, maintains the robustness of polarisation of E-cadherin- an adherens junction component- in the periderm. E-cadherin in one layer controls the localisation of E-cadherin in the second layer in a layer non-autonomous manner. Importantly, E-cadherin controls the localisation and levels of Lgl, a basolateral polarity regulator, in a layer autonomous as well non-autonomous manner. Since periderm formation from the enveloping layer precedes the formation of the basal epidermis, our analyses suggest that peridermal polarity, initiated by aPKC, is transduced in a stepwise manner by E-cadherin to the basal layer.
Single cell analysis reveals human cytomegalovirus drives latently infected cells towards an anergic-like monocyte state
Authors: Shnayder Miri , Nachshon Aharon , Rozman Batsheva , Bernshtein Biana , Lavi Michael , Fein Noam , Poole Emma , Avdic Selmir , Blyth Emily , Gottlieb David , Abendroth Allison , Slobedman Barry , Sinclair John , Stern-Ginossar Noam , Schwartz Michal
Published: January 2020

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes a lifelong infection through establishment of latency. Although reactivation from latency can cause life-threatening disease, our molecular understanding of HCMV latency is incomplete. Here we use single cell RNA-seq analysis to characterize latency in monocytes and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In monocytes, we identify host cell surface markers that enable enrichment of latent cells harboring higher viral transcript levels, which can reactivate more efficiently, and are characterized by reduced intrinsic immune response that is important for viral gene expression. Significantly, in latent HSPCs, viral transcripts could be detected only in monocyte progenitors and were also associated with reduced immune-response. Overall, our work indicates that regardless of the developmental stage in which HCMV infects, HCMV drives hematopoietic cells towards a weaker immune-responsive monocyte state and that this anergic-like state is crucial for the virus ability to express its transcripts and to eventually reactivate.
Permutation-based methods for mediation analysis in studies with small sample sizes
Authors: Kroehl Miranda E. , Lutz Sharon , Wagner Brandie D.
Published: January 2020

Background

Mediation analysis can be used to evaluate the effect of an exposure on an outcome acting through an intermediate variable or mediator. For studies with small sample sizes, permutation testing may be useful in evaluating the indirect effect (i.e., the effect of exposure on the outcome through the mediator) while maintaining the appropriate type I error rate. For mediation analysis in studies with small sample sizes, existing permutation testing methods permute the residuals under the full or alternative model, but have not been evaluated under situations where covariates are included. In this article, we consider and evaluate two additional permutation approaches for testing the indirect effect in mediation analysis based on permutating the residuals under the reduced or null model which allows for the inclusion of covariates.

Methods

Simulation studies were used to empirically evaluate the behavior of these two additional approaches: (1) the permutation test of the Indirect Effect under Reduced Models (IERM) and (2) the Permutation Supremum test under Reduced Models (PSRM). The performance of these methods was compared to the standard permutation approach for mediation analysis, the permutation test of the Indirect Effect under Full Models (IEFM). We evaluated the type 1 error rates and power of these methods in the presence of covariates since mediation analysis assumes no unmeasured confounders of the exposure–mediator–outcome relationships.

Results

The proposed PSRM approach maintained type I error rates below nominal levels under all conditions, while the proposed IERM approach exhibited grossly inflated type I rates in many conditions and the standard IEFM exhibited inflated type I error rates under a small number of conditions. Power did not differ substantially between the proposed PSRM approach and the standard IEFM approach.

Conclusions

The proposed PSRM approach is recommended over the existing IEFM approach for mediation analysis in studies with small sample sizes.
First record ofGyrosteus mirabilis(Actinopterygii, Chondrosteidae) from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) of the Baltic region
Authors: Hornung Jahn J. , Sachs Sven
Published: January 2020

An isolated hyomandibula from a lower Toarcian carbonate concretion of the Ahrensburg erratics assemblage (Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany) represents the first record of a chondrosteid fish from the Lower Jurassic of the southwestern Baltic realm. Except for its smaller size, the specimen is morphologically indistinguishable from corresponding elements ofGyrosteus mirabilisfrom the Toarcian of Yorkshire, England. This find, which probably originates from the western Baltic basin between Bornholm Island (Denmark) and northeastern Germany, markedly expands the known range of this chondrosteid taxon across the northern part of the strait connecting the Boreal Sea with the Tethys Ocean during the Early Jurassic. For the first time the extension of the paleogeographic range of a chondrosteid species beyond its type area is documented, which can contribute to future studies of vertebrate faunal provincialism during the Lower Jurassic in Europe.
Differential Response of Cotton Growth, Yield and Fiber Quality to Foliar Application of Spirulina platensis and Urea Fertilizer
Authors: G. Yanni Youssef , A. Elashmouny Amany , Y. Elsadany Abdelgawad
Published: January 2020

Aims: Evaluation if foliar spray of destructed cells of Spirulina platensis along with urea fertilizer can contribute to cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. cultivar Giza-94) plant growth, contents of photosynthetic pigments, seed cotton yield, seed index, earliness, lint percent, fineness (Micronair) and strength (Pressely).

Study Design: Application of ascending rates of N fertilizer in 3 mainplot treatments and foliar spray with destructed cells of Spirulina platensis in 4 subplot treatments (Contained a non-treated control), with 3 replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The Departments of Microbiology and Cotton Research, Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt (31º18′30″N & 30º48′14″E) during the two cotton cultivation seasons of years 2016 and 2017.

Methodology: Urea (46% N) at 96, 144 or 192 kg N/ha was applied in two equal doses as main-plot treatments. Spirulina platensis was grown and total proteins, contents of 16 amino acids and Fe, K, Mn and P of dried destructed cells were determined and used for foliar application in the rates of 6, 12 or 18 g cells/ha, used as sub-plot treatments. Area of each replicated sub-plot was 12.5 m2. Calcium super phosphate (15% P2O5), potassium sulphate (48% K2O) and Insecticides (when necessary) were supplemented as common treatments. 

Results: Application of destructed Spirulina increased the plant leaf area, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and gibberellin contents, plant height, fruiting branches, open bolls/plant, seed cotton yield and seed index after ginning, fiber length, fineness (Micronair) and strength (Pressely) comparing to the corresponding non-sprayed plants. Urea at 192 kg N/ha along with destructed Spirulina exhibited superiority as enhancers of plant growth, yield and fiber qualities.

Conclusion: The dual N/Spirulina combination expressed enhanced cotton growth, yield and qualities of fibers. The tested fertilization strategy is promising for enhanced cotton production economy.
Validation of a Commercial ELISA Kit for Screening 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone, A Furazolidone Antibiotic Residue in Shrimp
Authors: Rana A. Y. K. M. Masud , Prince Md. Maruf Billah , Chakma Darmin , Islam Hedayetul , Nabi Mahamodun , Saifullah A. S. M.
Published: January 2020

Furazolidone, a banned nitrofuran antibiotic, is still illegally used in aquaculture and livestock husbandry. A commercial Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) from Europroxima, The Netherlands is described, and validated for the screening of 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), metabolite of furazolidone antibiotic in the muscle of shrimp. Research works was conducted at Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka-1349, between July 2018 and December 2019. Validation was done in accordance with the European Commission (EC) decision 2002/657/EC in terms of specificity, detection capability CCβ, selectivity, ruggedness, and stability. Homogenized sample was subjected to acid hydrolysis for releasing of tissue bound metabolite AOZ, and derivatized with o-nitrobenzaldehyde followed by ethyl acetate/n-hexane extraction and detection by ELISA reader. The detection capability CCβ of the method was lower or at 0.3 µg/kg accepting 0% false compliant result. Cut-off factor Fm and the positivity threshold value T was 0.716 and 0.982, respectively. Mean OD of blank sample B was1.225. The assay was valid because T was greater than Fm and smaller than B. The kit was stable even after ten months of storage at recommended temperature and showed good sensitivity. From the practical point of view, the kit studied has good reliability, and could be used in the routine application for the control of illegal use of the drug.
Effect of Amending Acid Oxisols Using Basalt Dust, Tithonia diversifolia Powder and NPK 20-10-10 on Garlic (Allium sativum) Production in Bafut (Cameroon Volcanic Line)
Authors: Tamfuh Primus Azinwi , Wotchoko Pierre , Chotangui Asafor Henry , Magha Alice , Nono Djibril Gus Kouankap , Peghetmo Monique Njoya Mot , Nkouathio David Guimolaire , Bitom Dieudonné
Published: January 2020

Aims: To compare the effects of basalt dust, Tithonia diversifolia (T. diversifolia) powder and NPK 20-10-10 on the growth and production of Garlic (Allium sativum, softneck variety) in Bafut (Cameroon Volcanic Line).

Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the field was used. The treatments were T0 (control), T1 (0.7 tons ha-1 NPK 20-10-10), T2 (0.4 tons ha-1 basalt), T3 (0.6 tons ha-1 basalt) and T4 (0.5 tons ha-1 T. diversifolia powder).

Place and Duration of Study: The study conducted in Bafut (Cameroon) from 2nd August 2017 to 24th February 2018.

Methodology: Fieldwork involved land preparation, planting and collection of growth and yield parameters as well as rocks and soil sampling. Laboratory work involved soil physicochemical analysis and cutting of rock thin sections for microscopic observations. The plant data were subjected to statistical and economic analyses.

Results: The control soil (T0) showed a sandy clayey loamy texture, acidic pH (5.1), very high organic carbon (6.4%), low total nitrogen (0.2%) and moderate available phosphorus (19.42 mg                kg-1). The exchangeable complex revealed high K+ (0.88 cmol (+).kg-1), very low Ca2+ (0.63 cmol (+).kg-1) and Mg2+ (0.21 cmol (+).kg-1), low Na+ (0.07 cmol (+). kg-1), very low sum of exchangeable bases (1.79 cmol (+).kg-1), moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC) (22.7 cmol (+). kg-1) and a very low base saturation (7.88%). C/N ratio was very high (35>17) indicating very poor quality organic matter and a potentially very slow mineralization rate. Growth and yield parameters, except fruit number, were such that T2>T3>T4>T1>T0. T2, T3 and T4 plants gave high yields while T1 recorded the lowest yields below the control. The net yield showed that T3>T4>T2>T0>T1 suggesting that basalt dust and T. diversifolia powder improved soil fertility that in turn boosted yields. Economically, T1 had a BCR (benefit-to-cost ratio)<1 indicative of no profit, while T2, T3 and T4 showed a BCR>2 indicating more than 100% profit of the investment and a possibility of popularization of these treatments.

Conclusion: Natural basalt dust and T. diversifolia powder treatments gave better garlic yields indicating a better soil fertilizing capacity compared to synthetic NPK 20-10-10. Basalt dust and T. diversifolia can be popularized to local inhabitants.
Computational Design of New Analogues from Lyngbyastatin-2 against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) through Molecular Docking
Authors: Vijayakumar Rajendran , Alfaiz Faiz , Saleh Al-Aboody Mohammad , Sangeetha Muniraj , Menakha Muniraj
Published: January 2020

Cyanobacteria are considered as a rich source of secondary metabolites with potential applications in oncology to find out new therapeutic agents to suppress cancer. Lyngbyastatin-2 is a secondary metabolite from marine cyanobacteria and has antimicrobial and anticancer properties. It acts as an inhibitor molecule against cancer cells. In the present study, Lyngbyastatin-2 a bioactive compound from Lyngbya majuscula was selected as a ligand and four types of analogues were prepared using ChemDraw software. These analogues docked with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), which is key molecule play a major role in ovarian cancer using Hex 8.0.0 molecular docking method. Among 4 analogues tested, Lyngbyastatin-2 analogue-1 (L2A1) showed high energy bonding (-618.27 KJ/mol) with EFGR molecule and considered as an effective inhibitor molecule to treat ovarian cancer based on e-values. A strong chemical interaction observed between EGFR protein and L2A1 ligand molecules and it may be leads to improve the efficiency of inhibitor. This study is the first attempt to analyze the analogues of lyngbyastatin-2 with EGFR and further in vitro, in vivo studies are required to prove its anticancer potential against ovarian cancer based on the predictions of in-silico studies.
Assessment of a Serologic Diagnostic Test and Kinetics of Antibody Development in Northern Pike Experimentally Infected with Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus
Authors: Thiel Whitney A. , Toohey-Kurth Kathy L. , Baker Bridget B. , Finley Megan , Goldberg Tony L.
Published: January 2020

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an ongoing cause of disease and mortality in freshwater fishes across the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. Antibody detection assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are nonlethal serological methods that can have significantly shorter turnaround times than the current validated viral detection diagnostic methodology for VHSV: cell culture with confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study evaluated an ELISA that detects nonneutralizing antinucleocapsid antibodies to VHSV in Northern Pike Esox lucius. Juvenile Northern Pike were experimentally infected with VHSV by intraperitoneal injection. The infected fish were monitored for 12 weeks for signs of disease, and weekly serum samples were obtained. An analysis of the survival data showed that mortality occurred significantly more quickly in inoculated fish than in control fish. Fish that were infected by injection showed a significant increase in antibody response by 2 weeks postinfection. However, variation in the rate and pattern of antibody response among the infected fish was high at any given point. The optimum window for detecting antibodies in Northern Pike is 2–12 weeks postinfection, which generally follows the median time to appearance of clinical signs (21 d postinfection). The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed the ELISA to have a sensitivity of 80.5% and a specificity of 63.2% in Northern Pike, but these values can be adjusted by choosing different percent inhibition cutoffs, which may facilitate the use of the test for specific management goals. The results of this study offer insights into the disease progression and immune kinetics of VHSV, including interindividual variation, which will aid in the management of this economically important virus.
3D Printed High‐Loading Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Toward Wearable Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Chenglong , Jiang Jiangmin , He Wenjie , Lei Wu , Hao Qingli , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: January 2020

Wearable electronic devices are the new darling of consumer electronics, and energy storage devices are an important part of them. Here, a wearable lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) bracelet battery using three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology (additive manufacturing) is designed and manufactured for the first time. The bracelet battery can be easily worn to power the wearable device. The “additive” manufacturing characteristic of 3D printing provides excellent controllability of the electrode thickness with much simplified process in a cost‐effective manner. Due to the conductive 3D skeleton providing interpenetrating transmission paths and channels for electrons and ions, the 3D Li‐S battery can provide 505.4 mAh g−1 specific capacity after 500 cycles with an active material loading as high as 10.2 mg cm−1. The practicality is illustrated by wearing the bracelet battery on the wrist and illuminating the red light‐emitting diode. Therefore, the bracelet battery manufactured by 3D printing technology can address the needs of the wearable power supply.
Unexpected Giant Microwave Conductivity in a Nominally Silent BiFeO3 Domain Wall
Authors: Huang Yen‐Lin , Zheng Lu , Chen Peng , Cheng Xiaoxing , Hsu Shang‐Lin , Yang Tiannan , Wu Xiaoyu , Ponet Louis , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Chen Long‐Qing , Artyukhin Sergey , Chu Ying‐Hao , Lai Keji
Published: January 2020

Nanoelectronic devices based on ferroelectric domain walls (DWs), such as memories, transistors, and rectifiers, have been demonstrated in recent years. Practical high‐speed electronics, on the other hand, usually demand operation frequencies in the gigahertz (GHz) regime, where the effect of dipolar oscillation is important. Herein, an unexpected giant GHz conductivity on the order of 103 S m−1 is observed in certain BiFeO3 DWs, which is about 100 000 times greater than the carrier‐induced direct current (dc) conductivity of the same walls. Surprisingly, the nominal configuration of the DWs precludes the alternating current (ac) conduction under an excitation electric field perpendicular to the surface. Theoretical analysis shows that the inclined DWs are stressed asymmetrically near the film surface, whereas the vertical walls in a control sample are not. The resultant imbalanced polarization profile can then couple to the out‐of‐plane microwave fields and induce power dissipation, which is confirmed by the phase‐field modeling. Since the contributions from mobile‐carrier conduction and bound‐charge oscillation to the ac conductivity are equivalent in a microwave circuit, the research on local structural dynamics may open a new avenue to implement DW nano‐devices for radio‐frequency applications.