bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface‐Functionalization of Oleate‐Capped Nano‐Emitters for Stable Dispersion in 3D‐Printable Polymers
Authors: Pathak Akhilesh Kumar , Kulkarni Sachin Prashant , Chan Rachel R. , Mirkin Chad A. , Aydin Koray , Krishnaswamy Sridhar
Published: October 2024

Two‐photon polymerization 3D‐printing is a well‐known technique for fabricating passive micro/nanoscale structures, such as microlenses and inversely designed polarization splitters. The integration of light emitting nanoparticle (NP) dopants, such as quantum dots (QDs) and rare‐earth doped nanoparticles (RENPs), into a polymer resist would enable 3D printing of active polymer micro‐photonic devices, including sensors, lasers, and solid‐state displays. Many NPs contain oleic acid ligands to prevent degradation, but oleate‐capped NPs (oc‐NPs) tend to agglomerate in nonpolar media despite the hydrophobicity of the ligand. This results in an uneven nanoparticle distribution and increased optical extinction. In this work, a general approach is proposed for dispersing oc‐NPs in commercial 3D printable polymers. Controlled growth of small carbon chains around the oc‐NPs is achieved by functionalizing them with methyl‐methacrylate monomers. The proposed approach is validated on RENPs (≈65 nm) and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (≈12 nm) using commercial polymer resists (IP‐Dip and IP‐Visio). Dispersions of functionalized NPs (f‐NPs) have improved the NP density by an order of magnitude and are shown to be stable for several weeks with minimal impact on printing quality. The approach is generalizable to other oc‐NPs, enabling synthesis of functional resins for high‐quality polymer‐based optical and electronic devices.
Functional Ligand‐Modified Perovskite Quantum Dots for Stable Full‐Color Microarrays via Photopolymerization
Authors: Li Yawen , Alam Abid , Zhou Tao , Wang Canglong , Wang Yuhua , Li Tianrong
Published: October 2024

Integration of lead‐halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) into full‐color microarrays presents numerous advantages for full‐color micro‐LED displays. There is an urgent requirement for a new design approach that simplifies the creation of durable PQD/polymer composites to produce stable PQD microarrays. Here, mono‐2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl succinate (MMeS) is utilized as a functional ligand to synthesize green MMeS‐modified CsPbBr3 PQDs (M‐CPB PQDs). The subsequent photopolymerization of M‐CPB PQDs with 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) forms a CsPbBr3 PQD/polymer composite. This composite exhibits a solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yield of 73.1%, and the photoluminescence intensity retains 72% of its original value after 17 days of continuous immersion in water. Stable green PQD/polymer microarrays can be printed using an ink containing M‐CPB PQDs, HDDA, diphenyl (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide, and n‐dodecane via electrohydrodynamic jet printing and in situ polymerization under UV light irradiation. Full‐color patterns can also be generated with MMeS‐modified red, green, and blue PQDs. These findings highlight the critical role of functionalizing the surface ligands of PQDs to improve their processability, thereby facilitating the development of stable PQD/polymer microarrays.
A Programmable 2D/3D Anti‐Counterfeiting System via Shape Memory Polymer with Surface Wrinkle and Fluorescence
Authors: Ma Manping , Dong Shilong , Yuan Wenqiang , Ma Tianjiao , Xu Mengda , Jiang Xuesong , Li Jin
Published: October 2024

The issue of counterfeiting has always been a major challenge in today's society, putting forward high requirements for anti‐counterfeiting technology. Here, a promising 2D/3D anti‐counterfeiting security system is developed based on anthracene‐functionalized poly(styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) (SBS‐CAN), which possessed the physical unclonable self‐wrinkling patterns, fluorescence, and shape memory behavior. By controlling the dimerization of anthracene groups with ultraviolet light and external pre‐stretched operation, 2D information with surface wrinkle and fluorescence is achieved, allowing for the design of security systems based on actual needs. Furthermore, 3D structures constructed based on the shape memory behavior can further be utilized to encrypt these 2D information, enhancing the security level and weakening the cloneable risk of surface wrinkle and fluorescence for further. This programmable 2D/3D anti‐counterfeiting system has multiple advantages over the commonly used fluorescent wrinkled tag or fluorescent shape memory label, providing an intelligent choice for high‐security information carriers.
Precisely Regulating Photoactivated Dynamic Room Temperature Phosphorescence by Alkyl Chain‐Induced Lattice‐Softening
Authors: Zhang Bo‐Lun , Miao Lei , Song Wen‐Tao , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Chen Jun , Wang Ting , Zhang Wen‐Qi , Ni Jun , Zhao Zongbin
Published: October 2024

Dynamic response room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is a hot topic in smart materials research due to its unique RTP‐response characteristics under external stimuli. However, its precisely control are currently challenging. Here, an alkyl chain‐induced lattice‐softening strategy is proposed to precisely regulate photoactivated dynamic RTP (PDRTP). By adjusting the alkyl chain flexibility of hybrid metal halide matrices, oxygen permeability can be adjusted, thereby achieving finely manipulate of the photoactivation equilibrium time, RTP lifetime, and RTP wavelength of the resulted host–guest doped materials within the ranges of 10–600 s, 0.05‐1.62 s, and 405–595 nm, respectively. It is also demonstrated the potential application of the PDRTP materials in afterglow oxygen sensing and multi‐level information encryption. This study not only proposes an effective method for regulating the photosensitivity of PDRTP materials, but also points out a new direction for exploring gas permeability in dense‐packed crystalline materials.
Organoids‐On‐a‐Chip for Personalized Precision Medicine
Authors: Man Yunqi , Liu Yanfei , Chen Qiwen , Zhang Zhirou , Li Mingfeng , Xu Lishang , Tan Yifu , Liu Zhenbao
Published: October 2024

The development of personalized precision medicine has become a pivotal focus in modern healthcare. Organoids‐on‐a‐Chip (OoCs), a groundbreaking fusion of organoid culture and microfluidic chip technology, has emerged as a promising approach to advancing patient‐specific treatment strategies. In this review, the diverse applications of OoCs are explored, particularly their pivotal role in personalized precision medicine, and their potential as a cutting‐edge technology is highlighted. By utilizing patient‐derived organoids, OoCs offer a pathway to optimize treatments, create precise disease models, investigate disease mechanisms, conduct drug screenings, and individualize therapeutic strategies. The emphasis is on the significance of this technological fusion in revolutionizing healthcare and improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, the transformative potential of personalized precision medicine, future prospects, and ongoing advancements in the field, with a focus on genomic medicine, multi‐omics integration, and ethical frameworks are discussed. The convergence of these innovations can empower patients, redefine treatment approaches, and shape the future of healthcare.
A Self‐Assembled Transdermal Nanomedicines Incorporating Pendant Disulfides for Non‐Invasive, Synergistic Treatment of Melanoma
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Peng Changkun , Liu Shuya , Lian Zhijie , Zhou Jie , Li Jingying , Yang Huanghao
Published: October 2024

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) offers lower systemic toxicity and good patient compliance, making it a promising treatment option for skin‐related cancers. However, physiological barriers in the skin frequently impede the therapeutic efficiency of TDDS. To address this, a unique self‐assembled TDDS that incorporates disulfide pendant groups (termed Sup‐TDDS) is presented. It is formulated with dithiolane‐containing lipoic acid (LA), photosensitizers Ce6, and chemotherapeutic agents trametinib. Pendant disulfide moieties on Sup‐TDDS facilitate thiol‐disulfide exchange reactions with exofacial thiols on cell surfaces, thus enhancing stratum corneum penetration. In contrast to intravenous injection, topical administration of Sup‐TDDS can penetrate deeper into the skin (> 500 µm) and promote drug accumulation in subcutaneous tumors. In a B16F10‐bearing mouse model, Sup‐TDDS treatment demonstrates significant anti‐tumor effects in primary and recurrent melanoma, benefiting from the synergistic effects of Ce6 and trametinib. These results underscore that Sup‐TDDS's transdermal properties allow non‐invasive melanoma therapy, implying the potential of nanodrugs containing pendant disulfides for transdermal treatment of skin illnesses.
NADPH Oxidases‐Inspired Reactive Oxygen Biocatalysts with Electron‐Rich Pt Sites to Potently Amplify Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Han Chuyi , Xiao Sutong , Xing Zhenyu , Xu Xiaohui , Wang Mao , Han Xianglong , Adeli Mohsen , Qiu Li , Ye Ling , Cheng Chong
Published: October 2024

Clinical immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)‐based immunotherapy of malignant tumors only elicits durable responses in a minority of patients, primarily due to the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Although inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) through reactive oxygen biocatalyst represents an attractive therapeutic strategy to amplify ICB, currently reported biocatalysts encounter insurmountable challenges in achieving high ROS‐generating activity to induce potent ICD. Here, inspired by the natural catalytic characteristics of NADPH oxidases, the design of efficient, robust, and electron‐rich Pt‐based redox centers on the non‐stoichiometric W18O49 substrates (Pt─WOx) to serve as bioinspired reactive oxygen biocatalysts to potently activate the ICD, which eventually enhance cancer immune responses and amplifies the ICB‐based immunotherapy is reported. These studies demonstrate that the Pt─WOx exhibits rapid electron transfer capability and can promote the formation of electron‐rich and low oxophilic Pt redox centers for superior reactive oxygen biocatalysis, which enables the Pt─WOx‐based inducers to trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress directly and stimulate immune responses potently for amplifying the anti‐PD‐L1‐based ICB therapy. This bioinspired design provides a straightforward strategy to engineer efficient, robust, and electron‐rich reactive oxygen biocatalysts and also opens up a new avenue to create efficient ICD inducers for primary/metastatic tumor treatments.
Defect Chemistry in High‐Voltage Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Mei Yu , Liu Junxiang , Cui Tony , Li Yujin , Liu Tongchao , Ji Xiaobo , Amine Khalil
Published: October 2024

High‐voltage cathodes (HVCs) have emerged as a paramount role for the next‐generation high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the pursuit of HVCs comes with inherent challenges related to defective structures, which significantly impact the electrochemical performance of LIBs. The current obstacle lies in the lack of a comprehensive understanding of defects and their precise effects. This perspective aims to provide insights into defect chemistry for governing HVCs. The classifications, formation mechanisms, and evolution of defects are outlined to explore the intricate relationship between defects and electrochemical behavior. The pressing need for cutting‐edge characterization techniques that comprehensively investigate defects across various temporal and spatial scales is emphasized. Building on these fundamental understandings, engineering strategies such as composition tailoring, morphology design, interface modification, and structural control to mitigate or utilize defects are thoroughly discussed for enhanced HVCs performance. These insights are expected to provide vital guidelines for developing high‐performance HVCs for next‐generation high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries.
Embedding Reverse Electron Transfer Between Stably Bare Cu Nanoparticles and Cation‐Vacancy CuWO4
Authors: Wang Xiyang , Li Zhen , Li Xinbo , Gao Chuan , Pu Yinghui , Zhong Xia , Qian Jingyu , Zeng Minli , Chu Xuefeng , Chen Zuolong , Redshaw Carl , Zhou Hua , Sun Chengjun , Regier Tom , King Graham , Dynes James J. , Zhang Bingsen , Zhu Yanqiu , Li Guangshe , Peng Yue , Wang Nannan , Wu Yimin A.
Published: October 2024

Cu nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted widespread attention in electronics, energy, and catalysis. However, conventionally synthesized Cu NPs face some challenges such as surface passivation and agglomeration in applications, which impairs their functionalities in the physicochemical properties. Here, the issues above by engineering an embedded interface of stably bare Cu NPs on the cation‐vacancy CuWO4 support is addressed, which induces the strong metal‐support interactions and reverse electron transfer. Various atomic‐scale analyses directly demonstrate the unique electronic structure of the embedded Cu NPs with negative charge and anion oxygen protective layer, which mitigates the typical degradation pathways such as oxidation in ambient air, high‐temperature agglomeration, and CO poisoning adsorption. Kinetics and in situ spectroscopic studies unveil that the embedded electron‐enriched Cu NPs follow the typical Eley‐Rideal mechanism in CO oxidation, contrasting the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanism on the traditional Cu NPs. This mechanistic shift is driven by the Coulombic repulsion in anion oxygen layer, enabling its direct reaction with gaseous CO to form the easily desorbed monodentate carbonate.
Insight into the Impact of Electrolyte on Passivation of Lithium–Sulfur Cathodes
Authors: Cistjakov Walter , Hoppe Johanna , Jung Jinkwan , Röder Fridolin , Kim Hee‐Tak , Krewer Ulrike
Published: October 2024

One of the remaining challenges for lithium–sulfur batteries toward practical application is early cathode passivation by the insulating discharge product: Li2S. To understand how to best mitigate passivation and minimize related performance loss, a kinetic Monte–Carlo model for Li2S crystal growth from solution is developed. The key mechanisms behind the strongly different natures of Li2S layer growth, structure, and morphology for salts with different (DN) are revealed. LiTFSI electrolyte in dimethyl ether leads to lateral Li2S growth on carbon and fast passivation because it increases the Li2S precipitation‐to‐dissolution probability on carbon relative to Li2S. In contrast, LiBr electrolyte has a higher DN and yields a particle‐like structure due to a significantly higher precipitation‐to‐dissolution probability on Li2S compared to carbon. The resulting large number of Li2S sites further favors particle growth, leading to low passivation. This study is able to identify the key parameters of the electrolyte and substrate material to tune Li2S morphology and growth to pave the way for optimized performance.
InAs Terahertz Metalens Emitter for Focused Terahertz Beam Generation
Authors: Jung Hyunseung , Brener Igal , Addamane Sadhvikas J. , Luk Ting Shan , Harris C. Thomas , Subramania Ganapathi , Mitrofanov Oleg
Published: October 2024

Metasurfaces have opened doors to combining multiple photonic functionalities in a single compact device. In particular, the ability to generate short terahertz (THz) pulses with precise wavefront engineering in a single THz metasurface redefined the role metasurfaces can play in THz systems. Here, an InAs metalens emitter which generates and focuses a THz pulse beam is demonstrated using a 130 nm thick InAs metasurface designed as a binary‐phase Fresnel zone plate. The THz beam is focused to a spot of ≈430 μm at 1 THz with a short focal length of 5 mm and large numerical aperture of 0.5. Nanoscale InAs Mie resonators comprising the metasurface enable THz generation with an amplitude as high as 20 times compared to plasmonic THz emitters and several times compared to a 1 mm thick ZnTe crystal. This InAs metasurface emitter provides a new paradigm for designing THz imaging, spectroscopy, and communication systems, where THz beam generation and shaping are performed with a single device without compromising the generation efficiency, while eliminating losses and avoiding limitations of phase matching of conventional nonlinear optics approaches.
Machine Learning Early Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 High‐Risk Variants
Authors: Li Lun , Li Cuiping , Li Na , Zou Dong , Zhao Wenming , Luo Hong , Xue Yongbiao , Zhang Zhang , Bao Yiming , Song Shuhui
Published: October 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has evolved many high‐risk variants, resulting in repeated COVID‐19 waves over the past years. Therefore, accurate early warning of high‐risk variants is vital for epidemic prevention and control. However, detecting high‐risk variants through experimental and epidemiological research is time‐consuming and often lags behind the emergence and spread of these variants. In this study, HiRisk‐Detector a machine learning algorithm based on haplotype network, is developed for computationally early detecting high‐risk SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Leveraging over 7.6 million high‐quality and complete SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and metadata, the effectiveness, robustness, and generalizability of HiRisk‐Detector are validated. First, HiRisk‐Detector is evaluated on actual empirical data, successfully detecting all 13 high‐risk variants, preceding World Health Organization announcements by 27 days on average. Second, its robustness is tested by reducing sequencing intensity to one‐fourth, noting only a minimal delay of 3.8 days, demonstrating its effectiveness. Third, HiRisk‐Detector is applied to detect risks among SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant sub‐lineages, confirming its broad applicability and high ROC‐AUC and PR‐AUC performance. Overall, HiRisk‐Detector features powerful capacity for early detection of high‐risk variants, bearing great utility for any public emergency caused by infectious diseases or viruses.
The Tumor Suppressor TPD52‐Governed Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is Modulated by APCCdc20
Authors: Dan Weichao , Fan Yizeng , Wang Yuzhao , Hou Tao , Wei Yi , Liu Bo , Li Mengxing , Chen Jiaqi , Fang Qixiang , Que Taotao , Lei Yuzeshi , Guo Chendong , Wang Chi , Gao Yang , Zeng Jin , Li Lei
Published: October 2024

Aberrant regulation of unfolded protein response (UPR)/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway is associated with cancer development, metastasis, and relapse, and the UPR signal transducer ATF6 has been proposed as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for many cancers. However, a causal molecular link between ATF6 activation and carcinogenesis is not established. Here, it is found that tumor protein D52 (TPD52) integrates ER stress and UPR signaling with the chaperone machinery by promoting S2P‐mediated cleavage of ATF6. Although TPD52 has been generally considered as an oncogene, TPD52 is identified as a novel tumor suppressor in bladder cancer. Significantly, attenuation of the ER stress via depletion of TPD52 facilitated tumorigenesis in a subset of human carcinomas. Furthermore, the APCCdc20 E3 ligase is validated as the upstream regulator marking TPD52 for polyubiquitination‐mediated proteolysis. In addition, inactivation of Cdc20 sensitized cancer cells to treatment with the ER stress inducer in a TPD52‐dependent manner. Thus, the study suggests that TPD52 is a novel Cdc20 substrate that may modulate ER stress to prevent tumorigenesis.
Empowering Tri‐Functional Palladium's Catalytic Activity and Durability in Electrocatalytic Formic Acid Oxidation Reaction via Innovative Self‐Caging and Alloying Strategies
Authors: Lee Chan‐Woo , Jung Sun Young , Ryu Jeong Ho , Jeon Gyeom Seong , Gaur Ashish , Cho Min Su , Ali Ghulam , Kim Mingony , Chung Kyung Yoon , Nayak Arpan Kumar , Shin Seoyoon , Kwon Jiseok , Song Taeseup , Shin Tae Ho , Han HyukSu
Published: October 2024

Direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) stand out for portable electronic devices owing to their ease of handling, abundant fuel availability, and high theoretical open circuit potential. However, the practical application of DFAFCs is hindered by the unsatisfactory performance of electrocatalysts for the sluggish anodic formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR). Palladium (Pd) based nanomaterials have shown promise for FAOR due to their highly selective reaction mechanism, but maintaining high electrocatalytic durability remains challenging. In this study, a novel Pd‐based electrocatalyst (UiO‐Pd‐E) is reported with exceptional durability and activity for FAOR, which can be attributed to the Pd nanoparticles encapsulated within a carbon framework where concurrent chemical alloying of Pd and Zr occurs. Further, the UiO‐Pd‐E demonstrates noteworthy multifunctionality in various electrochemical reactions including electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in addition to the FAOR, highlighting its practical potentials.
Divergent Syntheses of Near‐Infrared Light‐Activated Molecular Jackhammers for Cancer Cell Eradication
Authors: Li Bowen , Ayala‐Orozco Ciceron , Si Tengda , Zhou Lixin , Wang Zicheng , Martí Angel A. , Tour James M.
Published: October 2024

Aminocyanines incorporating Cy7 and Cy7.5 moieties function as molecular jackhammers (MJH) through vibronic‐driven action (VDA). This mechanism, which couples molecular vibrational and electronic modes, results in picosecond‐scale concerted stretching of the entire molecule. When cell‐associated and activated by near‐infrared light, MJH mechanically disrupts cell membranes, causing rapid necrotic cell death. Unlike photodynamic and photothermal therapies, the ultrafast vibrational action of MJH is unhindered by high concentrations of reactive oxygen species scavengers and induces only a minimal temperature increase. Here, the efficient synthesis of a library of MJH is described using a practical approach to access a key intermediate and facilitating the preparation of various Cy7 and Cy7.5 MJH with diverse side chains in moderate to high yields. Photophysical characterization reveals that structural modifications significantly affect molar extinction coefficients and quantum yields while maintaining desirable absorption and emission wavelengths. The most promising compounds, featuring dimethylaminoethyl and dimethylcarbamoyl substitutions, demonstrate up to sevenfold improvement in phototherapeutic index compared to Cy7.5 amine across multiple cancer cell lines. This synthetic strategy provides a valuable platform for developing potent, light‐activated therapeutic agents for cancer treatment, with potentially broad applicability across various cancer types.
Dual‐Activatable Nano‐Immunomodulator for NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Precision Cancer Photodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Diao Shanchao , Zhang Zhifan , Zhao Sijun , Li Qiang , Zhang Xiaolong , Yang Xiangqi , Xu Zhiwei , Liu Mingming , Zhou Wen , Li Rutian , Xie Chen , Fan Quli
Published: October 2024

Photodynamic immunotherapy which combines photodynamic therapy with immunotherapy has become an important and effective method for the treatment of cancer. However, most cancer photodynamic immunotherapeutic systems are not able to achieve precise release of immunomodulators, resulting in systemic side effects and poor patient outcomes. Herein, a dual‐activatable nano‐immunomodulator (DIR NP), which both its photodynamic effect and agonist release can be activated under specific stimuli, is reported for precision cancer photodynamic immunotherapy. The DIR NP is self‐assembled from an R848‐conjugated amphiphilic polymer (mPEG‐TK‐R848) and a hydrophobic oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA‐SOH)‐conjugatable photosensitizer (DIR). DIR NPs may generate a small amount of 1O2 under 808 nm laser irradiation, leading to the cleavage of thioketal (TK) moiety and release of R848 and DIR. The released DIR may conjugate with tumor‐overexpressed BSA‐SOH, improving its photodynamic efficiency and NIR‐II fluorescence signal. Such photodynamic efficiency improvement may further enhance the release of cargoes upon irradiation. The activated photodynamic effect induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) to release immune factors and R848 can enhance the maturation of dendritic cells for inhibiting the growth of both primary and distant tumors and eliminating lung metastasis. Therefore, this study provides a dual‐activatable intelligent nano‐immunomodulator for precise regulation of tumor photodynamic immunotherapy.
Interfacial Reaction Boosts Thermal Conductance of Room‐Temperature Integrated Semiconductor Interfaces Stable up to 1100 °C
Authors: Ji Xiaoyang , Huang Zifeng , Ohno Yutaka , Inoue Koji , Nagai Yasusyohi , Sakaida Yoshiki , Uratani Hiroki , Sun Jinchi , Shigekawa Naoteru , Liang Jianbo , Cheng Zhe
Published: October 2024

Overheating has emerged as a primary challenge constraining the reliability and performance of next‐generation high‐performance (ultra)wide bandgap (WBG or UWBG) electronics. Advanced heterogeneous bonding of high‐thermal‐conductivity WBG thin films and substrates not only constitutes a pivotal technique for fabricating these electronics but also offers potential solutions for thermal management. This study presents the integration of 3C‐silicon carbide (SiC) thin films and diamond substrates through a surface‐activated bonding technique. Notably, following annealing, the interfaces between 3C‐SiC and diamond demonstrate an enhancement in thermal boundary conductance (TBC), reaching up to ≈300%, surpassing all other grown and bonded heterointerfaces. This enhancement is attributed to interfacial reactions, specifically the transformation of amorphous silicon into SiC upon interaction with diamond, which is further corroborated by picosecond ultrasonics measurements. After annealing at 1100 °C, the achieved TBC (150 MW m−2 K−1) is among the highest among all bonded diamond interfaces. Additionally, the visualization of large‐area TBC, facilitated by femtosecond laser‐based time‐domain thermoreflectance measurements, shows the uniformity of the interfaces which are capable of withstanding temperatures as high as 1100 °C. The research marks a significant advancement in the realm of thermally conductive WBG/substrate bonding, which is promising for enhanced cooling of next‐generation electronics.
Early do‐not‐attempt resuscitation orders and neurological outcomes in older out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patient: A multicenter observational study
Authors: Kohri Megumi , Tagami Takashi , Suzuki Kensuke , Kitano Shinnosuke , Amano Tomohito , Hagiwara Suzuka , Kitamura Nobuya , Ogawa Satoo
Published: October 2024

Aim

To explore the association between Do‐Not‐Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR) orders issued within 6 h of admission and neurological outcomes in older patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods

Patients aged ≥65 years who experienced OHCA between September 2019 and March 2021 enrolled in the multicenter observational study in Japan (SOS‐KANTO 2017) were included. Data regarding DNAR decisions were prospectively collected and the time required to obtain DNAR orders. Patients who received DNAR orders within 6 h of admission (DNAR group) were compared with those who did not (non‐DNAR group) using propensity score analysis with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for potential confounders.

Results

Of the 9909 registered individuals in the SOS‐KANTO 2017 study across 42 facilities, 685 were selected for analysis, with 361 (52.7%) in the DNAR group. Even after adjusting for the confounding factors, the frequency of post‐admission therapeutic interventions was lower, and the proportion of patients with favorable neurological outcomes was significantly lower (2.6% vs. 19.3%, p < 0.001) in the DNAR group. Twenty‐six (7.3%) patients in the DNAR group survived for 1 month, of whom six (1.7%) had favorable neurological outcomes.

Conclusions

Older patients with OHCA who had early DNAR had significantly fewer therapeutic interventions after admission and had worse neurological outcomes at 30 days than those without a DNAR order, even after adjusting for demographic and prehospital variables.
Enhancing Molecular‐Level Biological Monitoring with a Smart Self‐Assembling 19F‐Labeled Probe
Authors: Xu Zhenchuang , Wang Chenyang , He Shengyuan , Wu Jian , Zhao Yanchuan
Published: October 2024

Real‐time monitoring of molecular transformations is crucial for advancements in biotechnology. In this study, we introduce a novel self‐assembling 19F‐labeled nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe that disassembles upon interaction with various nucleotides. This interaction not only activates the 19F signals but also produces distinct signatures for each specific component, thereby enabling precise identification and quantification of molecules in evolving samples. We demonstrate the capability of this probe for real‐time monitoring of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and screening potential enzyme inhibitors. These applications highlight the probe's significant potential in enzyme analysis, drug development, and disease diagnostics.
Unclicking the Click: A Depolymerizable Clicked Polymer via Two Consecutive Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Reactions
Authors: Sebastian Bichu , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: October 2024

We report here a clicked polymer that can be depolymerized by a declicking reaction. A designed dipeptide monomer, upon heating its crystals, underwent a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal topochemical ene‐azide cycloaddition polymerization to form a triazoline‐linked polymer, which upon further heating, underwent a remarkable SCSC denitrogenation, resulting in an imine‐linked polymer quantitatively. As both the TEAC polymerization and the denitrogenation occurred in SCSC fashion, the structures of the triazoline‐linked polymer and the imine‐linked polymer could be determined at atomic resolution by SCXRD. Acid hydrolysis of the imine‐linked polymer leads to quantitative depolymerization, yielding a dipeptide, showcasing the degradability and depolymerizability of such polymers. This solid‐state click polymerization and denitrogenation yielding depolymerizable polymer is attractive over the usual click polymers that cannot be unclicked.
Near‐Infrared Activatable Copper Nanoplatforms Synergize with the 5‐Azacytidine Prodrug to Potentiate Cuproptosis
Authors: Wang Shuo , Liu Yishen , Su Mengya , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Wenda , Wang Wuyin , Yang Qichao , Zhang Zhiyun , Hong Xuechuan , Sun Zhijun , Xiao Yuling
Published: October 2024

Cuproptosis, a newly discovered cell death modality, is gaining recognition for its crucial role in antitumor therapy. Here, we demonstrated that Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), a key gene involved in cuproptosis, is negatively correlated with malignancy and T‐cell exhaustion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Based on these findings, we developed near‐infrared (NIR) light‐controlled nanoparticles (NPs), CuD@PM, which can selectively deliver copper to HNSCC cells and induce cuproptosis in the presence of microneedles loaded with triacetylated azacitidine (TAc‐AzaC) and 808 nm laser irradiation. Intravenous administration of these NPs significantly suppressed tumor growth in HNSCC animal models and enhanced the antitumor immune response. The NIR‐controlled activation of cuproptosis offers great potential as a safe, targeted, and image‐guided antitumor therapy for HNSCC.
High‐Yielding Nanobelt Formation by Chirality‐Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Singh Yogendra , Schuldt Moritz P. , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael
Published: October 2024

Shape‐persistent conjugated nanobelts (CNBs) are fascinating synthetic targets. However, in most cases these are made in low overall yields by applying strategies of macrocyclization followed by (multiple) ring fusion reactions for nanobelt formation. Here, we describe the high yielding synthesis of enantiopure chiral nanobelts in 84 % yield by applying chirality‐assisted synthesis (CAS). The chiral nanobelts were investigated by UV/Vis and CD spectroscopy. By DFT calculations the aromaticity of these structures is discussed.
Laser‐Driven Modular Precision Chemistry of Graphene Using λ3‐Iodanes
Authors: Gerein Kevin , Unmu Dzujah Diyan , Yu Hongde , Hauke Frank , Heine Thomas , Hirsch Andreas , Wei Tao
Published: October 2024

The emerging laser writing represents an efficient and promising strategy for covalent two dimensional (2D)‐patterning of graphene yet remains a challenging task due to the lack of applicable reagents. Here, we report a versatile approach for covalent laser patterning of graphene using a family of trivalent organic iodine compounds as effective reagents, allowing for the engraving of a library of functionalities onto the graphene surface. The relatively weak iodine‐centered bonds within these compounds can readily undergo laser‐induced cleavage to in situ generate radicals localized to the irradiated regions for graphene binding, thus completing the covalent 2D‐structuring of this 2D‐film. The tailor‐made attachment of distinct functional moieties with varying electrical properties as well as their thermally reversible binding manner enables programming the surface properties of graphene. With this delicate strategy the bottleneck of a limited scope of functional groups patterned onto the graphene surface upon laser writing is tackled.
Advanced Eutectogel Electrolyte for High‐Performance and Wide‐Temperature Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zheng Yafen , Wu Dongling , Wang Tao , Liu Qian , Jia Dianzeng
Published: October 2024

Despite ongoing challenges, achieving further breakthroughs in the development of gel polymer electrolytes with a wide temperature range, excellent liquid retention capability and enhanced anode compatibility in flexible zinc‐air batteries (FZABs) remains a significant objective. This study presents a significant advancement in the development of choline chloride/ethylene glycol‐polyvinyl alcohol (ChCl/EG‐PVA) eutectogel electrolyte, tailored for high‐performance operation across a wide temperature range. Systematic in‐situ and ex‐situ characterizations and theoretical simulations confirm the formation of robust hydrogen bonding and denser polymer cross‐linked networks within the prepared eutectogel, leading to enhanced liquid retention ability (93.7 % after 96 h exposure to air) and ion transport capacity (ionic conductivity of 171.3 mS cm−1). Additionally, the zincophilicity nature of the choline cation in eutectogel effectively suppresses dendrites growth. The assembled FZAB utilizing this eutectogel electrolyte achieves a peak power density of 109.3 mW cm−2 and a cycle life of 90 h. Notably, the power density of FZAB is maintained as high as 38.2 mW cm−2 at −40 °C and 63.2 mW cm−2 at 50 °C, demonstrating its prominent suitability for applications in extreme temperature conditions. The design of eutectogel provides a novel way to achieve the high‐performance FZAB.
Exploring the wear resistance of EPDM‐PAE/SWCNTs composites with a novel perspective of micro‐network structure
Authors: Jing Yiran , Liu Guangyong
Published: October 2024

The effect of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on the crosslinking network structure of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomers (EPDM)—Polyamide elastomers (PAE) is investigated in detail using Hansen Solubility Parameter (HSP) theory. Rheological method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to investigate the effect of SWCNTs on the molecular chain movement and their interaction with the filler network of EPDM‐PAE. The DIN abrasion test is conducted to obtain the effect of SWCNTs on the wear characteristics of EPDM‐PAE/SWCNTs composites. The linear synergistic relationship between crosslinking density and wear volume indicates that the change in wear properties is contributed by the micro‐network structure. The addition of SWCNTs increases the chemical crosslinking density and improves the wear properties of EPDM‐PAE. However, the decrease in the physical crosslinking density leads to an increase in the degree of internal friction within the network structure, resulting in a decrease in the wear performance. Changes in wear resistance can be related to the micro‐network structure, which provides a novel approach to studying the wear characteristics of high‐performance elastomers. It is also an innovative work based on the network structure to guide the preparation of new wear‐resistant elastomeric materials.
Dual‐active‐layer flexible piezoresistive sensor based on wrinkled microstructures and electrospun fiber network for human‐related motion sensing applications
Authors: Nan Xiaohui , Xie Jiaqing , Gao Yang , Zhang Xu , Lou Xiaofei , Wang Fuwei
Published: October 2024

Flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and a wide detection range must be developed for practical applications. In this study, a dual‐active‐layer flexible piezoresistive sensor was developed. A reduced graphene oxide film with wrinkled microstructures was prepared by a simple and low‐cost substrate pre‐stretching method and used as the first active layer. A thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun fiber membrane was modified by fast polydopamine coating and ultrasonication with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and used as the second active layer. Owing to the continuously changing conductive pathways created by the wrinkled microstructures and fiber network under pressure deformation, the sensor achieved a detection range of 0–100 kPa, with sensitivities of 8.5, 1.35, and 0.39 kPa−1 in the ranges of 0–1, 1–20, and 20–100 kPa, respectively. Additionally, the sensor exhibited a low detection limit (2 Pa), response and recovery times of 105 and 85 ms, respectively, and reliable service performance over 10,000 loading/unloading cycles. The sensor enabled real‐time monitoring of finger and wrist bending, beaker‐holding, and fingertip‐sliding on a touch screen, demonstrating its feasible applications in wearable electronics and human–machine interface devices.
Structure–property relationships and nanofiller‐induced hydro‐anti‐plasticization in polyhydroxyurethane/POSS hybrid composites
Authors: Łukaszewska Izabela , Raftopoulos Konstantinos N. , Bukowczan Artur , Pielichowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Non‐isocyanate polyhydroxyurethanes/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PHU/POSS) hybrid composites are prepared by in situ physical introduction of octa(3‐hydroxy‐3‐ethylbutyldimethylsiloxy) POSS into a linear non‐isocyanate polyhydroxyurethane matrix. The amorphous nature of the matrix is retained in the composites and no POSS crystals are observed. Thermal and mechanical properties are studied along with water‐polymer interactions and are discussed in terms of structure‐properties relationships. POSS has only minimal effect on thermal stability. Composite materials with up to 2 wt% POSS exhibit an increased rubbery modulus. The glass transition temperature of the composite materials increases up to 2 wt% loading and decreases at higher POSS content. Water‐polymer interactions are studied in a broad range of relative humidity (0–0.97). Materials exhibit a relatively high water absorption, which is enhanced by POSS at low concentrations. Moisture sorption isotherms are discussed in terms of the Guggenheim‐Anderson‐de Boer model. The study of molecular mobility of hydrated systems by differential scanning calorimetry reveals a peculiar POSS‐induced antiplasticization in PHU/POSS blends at 10–20 wt% water uptake, possibly due to the formation of POSS‐centered water clusters.
Preparation and performance evaluation of a low‐damage fracturing fluid for unconventional reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Xueping , Liu Youquan , Zhang Pengfei , Pan Keyu , Chen Qi , Jiang Rui
Published: October 2024

The characteristics of tight matrix, underdeveloped natural fractures, small pore throat radius, poor pore connectivity, and abundant clay minerals result in a high potential for damage to the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Shaximiao Formation in the Qiulin Block in the Sichuan Basin. In order to reduce the retention damage caused by fracturing fluid to the tight sandstone reservoir, a low damage fracturing fluid system applicable to the target reservoir is developed in this work, and the indoor performance meets the requirements of on‐site fracturing operation. A low‐damage, heat‐resistant, shear‐stable amphiphilic polyacrylamide (PAAD) was prepared by free radical polymerization in aqueous solution using acrylamide, acrylic acid, and methacryloyloyloxyethyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium bromide (DM18) as the monomers. The amphoteric polyacrylamide was characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), light scattering molecular weight determination, and thermogravimetric analysis. Fracturing fluids were formulated with the amphiphilic hydrophobic associative polymer PAAD as a drag‐reducing agent, the fluorine‐containing and nonionic complex surfactant FD1 as a clean‐up additive, CT10‐4B as a bactericide and CT1‐12 as an emulsion breaker. The fracturing fluid formulation was preferred, and the performance of the fracturing fluid was evaluated in terms of temperature resistance and shear resistance, drag reduction, anti‐expansion, and core damage. The fracturing fluid showed good temperature and shear resistance, with a viscosity retention of 58.4% at 120°C and 170 s−1 shear for 1 h. At a loading of 0.1%, the drag reduction rate reaches 72.3%, the anti‐expansion rate of the gel‐breaking fluid is 86.04%, and the damage rate to the tight sandstone core is 16.25%. The results show that the fracturing fluid has good heat resistance and shear stability, as well as low damage and good resistance reduction and anti‐expansion properties. This work can provide new strategies for designing polymeric fracturing fluids with low damage, good heat resistance and shear stability.
How Does Visibility Count? An Open Data‐Driven Approach to Compare the Use of Ground Visibility in Archaeological Field‐Walking Surveys in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Strupler Néhémie
Published: October 2024

There is a common agreement among archaeologists that assessing visibility in the field is essential to measure the accuracy of their observations. Archaeologists widely expect that low visibility negatively impacts the recovery rate of artefacts and sites during field‐walking surveys. However, they hold fundamentally divergent opinions on using recorded visibility values and on whether or how to weight the results. In this paper, I undertake a review and comparison of ground visibility assessments from three archaeological field‐walking surveys conducted in the eastern Mediterranean, all of which have published their data. Capitalizing on the availability of open data, I recode and analyse the algorithms employed in these surveys. The results highlight the impacts of weighting techniques, and I compare the maps produced with and without weighting. In all cases, the corrections do not substantially change the interpretations of the results at the scale of site identification. As such, this data‐driven experiment contributes to the ongoing debate on how to compare effectively and integrate data from various survey projects to study regional trends.
Weight Reduction and Target Serum Urate Level: A Longitudinal Study of Annual Medical Examination
Authors: Fukui Sho , Okada Masato , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Suzuki Takahiro , Nakai Takehiro , Ozawa Hiroki , Tamaki Hiromichi , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Matsuda Takeaki , Marrugo Javier , Tedeschi Sara K. , Choi Hyon K. , Solomon Daniel H.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate associations of weight reduction with serum urate (SU) changes and achieving an SU level <6 mg/dL in the real‐world setting, outside of specific weight reduction interventions.

Methods

We analyzed systematically collected data of annual medical examination participants from October 2012 to October 2022. Exposure was weight change (increase or decrease) between two consecutive visits, categorized as minimal (≤0.9 kg, reference), small (1.0–4.9 kg), moderate (5.0–9.9 kg), and large (≥10 kg). Outcomes included SU changes between two consecutive visits and achieving an SU level <6 mg/dL in participants with hyperuricemia (SU level ≥7 mg/dL at the previous visit).

Results

We identified 58,630 eligible participants (median age 46 years, 51.3% female, 19.4% with overweight, median SU level 5.3 mg/dL, and 5.6% with a history of gout and/or hyperuricemia) with 336,814 visits over a median of 5.3 years. After adjustment for relevant covariates, linear general estimating equations estimated mean SU changes based on observed weight reductions (vs minimal changes) were as follows: small, −0.10 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.10 to −0.09 mg/dL); moderate, −0.34 mg/dL (95% CI −0.36 to −0.32 mg/dL); and large, −0.64 (95% CI −0.70 to −0.58 mg/dL). In participants with hyperuricemia, adjusted relative risks for achieving an SU level <6 mg/dL by modified Poisson regression were 1.25 (95% CI 1.15–1.37) in small weight reductions, 2.82 (95% CI 2.43–3.27) in moderate weight reductions, and 5.27 (95% CI 4.15–6.70) in large weight reductions, with corresponding numbers needed to treat of 61.1 for small weight reductions, 8.5 for moderate weight reductions, and 3.6 for large weight reductions.

Conclusion

Small weight reductions were associated with only small SU changes. Some participants with hyperuricemia can achieve the target SU level with moderate to large weight reductions.

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Li Decorated Graphdiyne Nanosheets: A Theoretical Study for an Electrode Material for Nonaqueous Lithium Batteries
Authors: Jiménez M. J. , Juan J. , Sandoval M.S. , Bechthold P. , Jasen P. V. , González E. A. , Juan A.
Published: October 2024

In this work, Density Functional Theory (DFT) is used to study pristine and defective GDY. We investigate the effect of Li atom adsorption on the electronic and structural properties of this 2D material. In both cases, the Li atom is located at the corner of the triangular‐like pore (H1), but with a slight shift for the defective system. In the perfect system, the Li−C bond distances range from 2.289 Å to 2.461 Å, while in the defective case, they range from 2.237 Å to 3.184 Å. In the perfect case, the GDY−Li system becomes metallic and the Li 2 s states are stabilized. Charge transfer to the surfaces occurs near the vicinity of the Li atom. The C vacancy generates new C=C bonds similar to double bonds, enhancing the interaction with Li through strong conjugation. After Li adsorption, the sum of bond order for all the C atoms increases in both structures, from 0.4 % to 6 %. The Li storage capacity without significant restructuring is six Li atoms. When the atom concentration increases, the OCV values for Li decrease from 0.93 V to 0.23 V. For defective GDY, the specific capacity is 788 mAhg−1, which is slightly higher than for pristine case.