bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation protection modelling for 2.5 Petawatt-laser production of ultrashort x-ray, proton and ion bunches: Monte Carlo model of the Munich CALA facility
Authors: Englbrecht Franz S , Döpp Andreas , Hartmann Jens , Lindner Florian H , Groß Martin L , Wirth Hans-F , Thirolf Peter G , Karsch Stefan , Schreiber Jörg , Parodi Katia , Dedes George
Published: July 2020

The ‘Centre for Advanced Laser Applications’ (CALA) is a new research institute for laser-based acceleration of electron beams for brilliant x-ray generation, laser-driven sub-nanosecond bunches of protons and heavy ions for biomedical applications like imaging and tumour therapy as well as for nuclear and high-field physics.

The radiation sources emerging from experiments using the up to 2.5 petawatt laser pulses with 25 femtosecond duration will be mixed particle-species of high intensity, high energy and pulsed, thus posing new challenges compared to conventional radiation protection. Such worldwide pioneering laser experiments result in source characteristics that require careful a-priori radiation safety simulations.

The FLUKA Monte-Carlo code was used to model the five CALA experimental caves, including the corridors, halls and air spaces surrounding the caves. Beams of electrons (

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5
 

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e
V

), protons (

<
200
 

M
e
V

), 12C (

<
400

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e
V

/

u

) and 197Au (

<
10

M
e
V

/

u

) ions were simulated using spectra, divergences and bunch-charges based on expectations from recent scientific progress.

Simulated dose rates locally can exceed 1.5 kSv h−1 inside beam dumps. Vacuum pipes in the cave walls for laser transport and extraction channels for the generated x-rays result in small dose leakage to neighboring areas. Secondary neutrons contribute to most of the prompt dose rate outside caves into which the beam is delivered. This secondary radiation component causes non-negligible dose rates to occur behind walls to which large fluences of secondary particles are directed.

By employing adequate beam dumps matched to beam-divergence, magnets, passive shielding and laser pulse repetition limits, average dose rates in- and outside the experimental building stay below design specifications (

<
0.5

μ

S
v
 

h

−
1

) for unclassified areas,

<
2.5

μ

S
v
 

h

−
1

for supervised areas,

<
7.5

μ

S
v
 

h

−
1

maximum local dose rate) and regulatory limits (

<
1

m
S
v
 

a

−
1

for unclassified areas).
Thermal conductance of structured silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Bea E A , Carusela M F , Soba A , Monastra A G , Viotti A M Mancardo
Published: July 2020

We calculate the thermal conductance of a structured silicon nanocrystal with a hole of different sizes. The numerical study is based on non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations using two potential models for the interatomic interactions: (i) an empirical Tersoff–Brenner (Tersoff) potential; (ii) a semi-empirical tight binding (TB) potential. TB potential model predicts a similar thermal conductance for the nanocrystal with no hole and with a small size hole, which contrasts with the monotonic decrease predicted by Tersoff potential model. In addition, thermal conductance decreasing is higher for TB potential model when the surface-to-volume ratio increases. This points out that to study thermal properties of nanostructures with high surface-to-volume ratio is mandatory the use of potential models with high transferability to take adequately into account the relevant quantum physical effects due to boundaries and surfaces.
Effect of driving on coarsening dynamics in phase-separating systems
Authors: Tseluiko D , Alesemi M , Lin T-S , Thiele U
Published: July 2020

We consider the Cahn–Hilliard (CH) equation with a Burgers-type convective term that is used as a model of coarsening dynamics in laterally driven phase-separating systems. In the absence of driving, it is known that solutions to the standard CH equation are characterized by an initial stage of phase separation into regions of one phase surrounded by the other phase (i.e. clusters or drops/holes or islands are obtained) followed by the coarsening process, where the average size of the structures grows in time and their number decreases. Moreover, two main coarsening modes have been identified in the literature, namely, coarsening due to volume transfer and due to translation. In the opposite limit of strong driving, the well-known Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation is recovered, which may produce complicated chaotic spatio-temporal oscillations. The primary aim of the present work is to perform a detailed and systematic investigation of the transitions in the solutions of the convective CH equation for a wide range of parameter values, and, in particular, to understand in detail how the coarsening dynamics is affected by an increase of the strength of the lateral driving force. Considering symmetric two-drop states, we find that one of the coarsening modes is stabilized at relatively weak driving, and the type of the remaining mode may change as driving increases. Furthermore, there exist intervals in the driving strength where coarsening is completely stabilized. In the intervals where the symmetric two-drop states are unstable they can evolve, for example, into one-drop states, two-drop states of broken symmetry or even time-periodic two-drop states that consist of two traveling drops that periodically exchange mass. We present detailed stability diagrams for symmetric two-drop states in various parameter planes and corroborate our findings by selected time simulations.
Why COVID-19 models should incorporate the network of social interactions
Authors: Herrmann Helena A , Schwartz Jean-Marc
Published: July 2020

The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is overwhelming many health-care systems. As a result, epidemiological models are being used to inform policy on how to effectively deal with this pandemic. The majority of existing models assume random diffusion but do not take into account differences in the amount of interactions between individuals, i.e. the underlying human interaction network, whose structure is known to be scale-free. Here, we demonstrate how this network of interactions can be used to predict the spread of the virus and to inform policy on the most successful mitigation and suppression strategies. Using stochastic simulations in a scale-free network, we show that the epidemic can propagate for a long time at a low level before the number of infected individuals suddenly increases markedly, and that this increase occurs shortly after the first hub is infected. We further demonstrate that mitigation strategies that target hubs are far more effective than strategies that randomly decrease the number of connections between individuals. Although applicable to infectious disease modelling in general, our results emphasize how network science can improve the predictive power of current COVID-19 epidemiological models.
Entropy based analysis of genetic information
Authors: Saha Paramita , Kumar Sarkar Bimal
Published: July 2020

In this work, we have described the analysis of digitized sequences of genetic information by means of the notions of entropy. The occurrence of a particular pattern in the genetic sequence is paid a special attention. The occurrence of genetic word is expressed in a density manner. The occurrence frequency of the q-gram genetic word of interest is determined with the help of finite impulse response (FIR) type filter along the sequence. It is in turn, used for the determination of horizontal correlations, i.e., correlations between the word along the sequence. We use the probability distribution of the genetic word occurrence as the input for the calculation of entropy in the sequence. The sequence entropy is further used for principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the similarity / dissimilarity between the biological sequences. The technique is verified by using 48 HEV genotypes.
Novel Analytical Model for Computing Subthreshold Current in Heterostructure p-MOSFET incorporating Band-To-Band Tunneling Effect
Authors: Deyasi Arpan , Mukhopadhyay Swarnav , Sarkar Angsuman
Published: July 2020

Subthreshold current for heterostructure pMOSFET is analytically explored as a function of applied bias for Si-SixGe1-x material system in presence of band-to-band tunneling. Threshold voltage of the structure is calculated considering body effect for different structural parameters, and mole fraction of Ge is chosen as 0.28 for that operating point where 2DEG is yet to be formed, and thus suitable for estimating subthreshold conduction. Using this optimum structure, BTBT effect is incorporated to measure the drain current for a range of source-to-gate voltage (VSG), and results suits in excellent with available experimental data for very low and higher values of source-to-drain voltage (VSD). Result is also computed in absence of tunneling effect, and drastic variation is observed which speaks in favor of our proposed model of subthreshold conduction. A monotonic decrease of subthreshold slope is observed with increase of VSG, which speaks for the optimum biasing criteria for operation of the device in order to minimize the leakage current. Results are in favor of applying the model for sub-22 nm FinFET or even sub-10 nm TFET devices.
Energy spectra and quantized Hall conductance in a 2D lattice subjected to light irradiation
Authors: Sarkar Sukriti , Dey Moumita , Maiti Santanu K.
Published: July 2020

We make an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon of integer quantum Hall effect, considering a two-dimensional (2D) square lattice in presence of light irradiation. Following the well known Landauer-Buttiker multi-probe formalism we compute transverse conductance in a four-probe setup where the irradiation effect is incorporated through a minimal coupling scheme based on the Floquet-Bloch approach. The energy spectrum gets significantly modified with the irradiation which thus directly affects the quantum Hall plateaus. Moreover, we also put an emphasis on how to get an effective one-dimensional Harper equation from the 2D Hall system. Several characteristic features emerge from our analysis that might be interesting and important as well.
Spectral features of one dimensional phononic quasicrystals
Authors: Saha Anupam , Dey Moumita , Maiti Santanu K
Published: July 2020

We make an in-depth analysis of phonon frequencies and phononic eigenstates for one-dimensional phononic lattices. The results are analyzed for two different types of lattices, depending on whether the spring constants are uniform or aperiodic. For the first case, we find usual band structures with extended states, while several non-trivial features are obtained for the latter one. We find the eigenfrequencies by solving the set of coupled equations involving the motions of different atoms in the chain. The frequency spectrum reveals a fractal like behaviour and the fractality gradually decreases with the increase of the strength of the aperiodic modulation. The nature of different phonon states is characterized by calculating inverse participation ratio. A finite transition from conducting to non-conducting phase is obtained upon the variation of the modulation strength. We hope the results studied here can easily be tested in a suitable setup.
Discovery of Four Miscellaneous Radio Galaxies From LoTSS DR1
Authors: Sasmal Tapan K. , Bera Soumen , Pal Sabyasachi , Mondal Soumen
Published: July 2020

Using the 144 MHz Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) telescope, We undelook a search for Miscellaneous Radio Galaxies (MRGs) whose morphological structures are different from known structures. Reseaons of study of these type sources due to their unique and peculiar morphology. Here, we report four MRGs from LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey first data release (LoTSS DR1) at 144 MHz frequency. The MRS is identified manual visual search (MVS) from LoTSS DR1 data catalogue. We also check their radio morphology from other surveys like The NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) at 1400 MHz. The corresponding optical counterparts are also identified from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), where available. We have estimated different physical parameters like spectral index, radio luminosity, radio power of these MRGs.
Delineating fringe by rough-set theoretic approach: a case study on Barasat city, India
Authors: Mukherjee Kasturi
Published: July 2020

In the process of rapid land use change, the city compels the urbanized area to sprawl and engulf the surrounding landscape. A region which was once rural gets converted into fringe and ultimately incorporated within the urban built-up. Uncontrolled structural change of a city by the inclusion of non-urban landscape within the urban areas is responsible for environmental degradation. Prevention of environmental dilapidation, demands the proper demarcation of fringe. The concept of “fringe” suffers from a problem of not having any universally accepted definition and methodology of demarcation. In this study, attempts have been made to delineate the fringe, happens to develop within the administrative boundary of a monocentric city of Barasat, India, based on i) the land use diversity and ii) social behavior of the populace. The land use diversity is computed by using the Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) which is used to define the global diversity threshold for fringe demarcation. Social behavior of the residents has been used for estimating the accuracy of this crisp classification of core and fringe. The result shows that because of the fuzziness in nature, the change over from core to fringe is characteristically zonal i.e. it extends for a distinct region where this transition is visible in the form of mixed land use and social behaviour. This gives birth to a boundary area instead of a precise boundary line that could be termed as “possible fringe.”
Coconut Leaf Midribs as an Acoustical Panel – Feasibility Study through Impedance Tube Method
Authors: Kusno A , Ishak M T , Rahim R , Hamzah B , Mulyadi R , Jamala N , Anggraeni R
Published: July 2020

This research aims to determine sound absorption coefficients of absorber materials making from coconut leaf midribs. Absorber material has been made with different arrangement and thickness. Nine samples have been made which consists of 3 configurations and each configuration consists of 3 thicknesses. Absorption coefficients were measured by using impedance tube method. The experiment results show that coconut leaf midrib is up to standard for absorber material according to ISO 11654 with α over 0.15. The absorption coefficient obtained by the whole sample is in the range 0.02 to 0.65. Fluctuating values are affected by differences forms and thicknesses. Absorber materials that have been made are also compatible with marketed products.
Post Occupancy Evaluation in the Senate Room, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa
Authors: Ishak R A , Martosenjoyo T , Beddu S , Latif S
Published: July 2020

In higher education institutions, an effective and efficient communication is an important competitive advantage. Most of the communication is carried out in various meeting room environments. In terms of creating the right space for meetings, flexibility, easy use, and supporting university productivity, meeting rooms must be specially designed according to the architectural standard of space requirements. The Senate Room in the Faculty of Engineering, of Hasanuddin University, is one of the many rooms that are designed especially for meeting activities within the faculty. It is located on the 2nd floor of the Center of Technology (CoT) Building, with a capacity of 64 seats, and an area of 180 m2. This room is arranged in a two-way theater or proscenium type, with lined tables and flat floors. This study aims to: 1) Identify the characteristics of the elements that shape and fill the room; 2) Analyze the effect of technical space planning on the functional aspects of users, and 3) Evaluate spatial design performance in terms of functional aspects. The research method used is the Post Occupancy Evaluation with qualitative data analysis. The population in this study is the users of the room as the subjects 0f space as the subject of research and the Senate Room of Engineering Faculty as the object of research. The results showed a discrepancy between the standards and needs of users both functional and technical aspects. The results of this study are expected to contribute practical insights to architectural design, specifically related to the creation of meeting room interiors.
Characteristic of Student Informal Gathering Space (SIGS) Faculty of Engineering Hasanuddin University at Gowa Campus
Authors: Radja A M , Wikantari R , Harisah A
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study are: 1) What are the characteristics of Student Informal Gathering Room (SIGS) in the Faculty of Engineering, and 2) What attributes are felt by students in the Student Informal Gathering Room (SIGS). To get the results of the research purposed applied qualitative research methods with purposive sampling techniques. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to students, in-depth interviews and mapping behavior with place-centered maps. The results of the study is the closeness of the gathering place with the main activities of students in the teaching and learning process which is a characteristic of SIGS found on the campus of engineering faculty at Gowa campus. While the environmental attributes felt by engineering students at SIGS are accessibility, comfort, sociality, visibility, and activities.
Travel Behavior of the Engineering Students of UNHAS and UIN Alauddin in Meeting the Needs of Shopping Facilities
Authors: Osman W W , Wunas S , Arifin M , Lakatupa G , Misra
Published: July 2020

In the last ten years, there have been two developing universities in Gowa Regency (Faculty of Engineering, University of Hasanuddin and UIN Alauddin). Both universities are the centres of growth in housing and settlements, especially student rental houses. The development of housing has not yet been served with adequate housing/city infrastructure and facilities. The purpose of this study are: 1) to analyze the student travel behaviour in meeting their shopping needs (daily or monthly), 2) to explain the visit location of shopping facilities of those groups of student, 3) to arrange the resource development directions for environmental and sub-district development. The data were collected from field surveys, and online questionnaire using non probability sampling. The analytical method used were spatial and descriptive analysis. The results of analysis showed that the dominant student travel behaviour using a motorcycle, both for daily and periodic shopping needs. Travel behaviour always done together (two people). Behaviour movements, using motorcycles, both to the service centre in the environmental scale or district and city scale. The location of the visit is an environment scale service centre with a distance of ± 200 meters and a district or city scale service centre with a distance of > 5 km. Direction of development to support the dominant path of students using motorbikes within short reach is, provided a bicycle lane and pedestrian shade. In addition, the procurement of mass transportation to support long-distance travel to district and city-scale shopping centres. Development of sub-district service centres can be directed using the concept of mixed use and smart transportation (TOD), where the distance of the two groups of student housing is within a radius of ± 5.2 km.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Plastic Waste
Authors: Irmawaty R , Parung H , Djamaluddin R , Amiruddin A A , Faturrahman M P
Published: July 2020

This paper presents strength and behaviour of concrete by the addition of percentages recycled waste plastic (polyethylene terephthalate-PET). Almost 60 concrete samples with a cylindrical shape of 100 x 200 mm and a prism of 100 x 100 x 400 mm were prepare. Concrete strength (compressive, indirect tensile and flexural strength) were investigated throughout 7, 14, and 28 days using 10%, 15% and 20% of PET plastic aggregate as a substitute for coarse aggregate. It is found that when the percentages of PET plastic increase in concrete, the slump value and weight of concrete decrease significantly. The compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and modules of rupture are also found to be decreased with increasing the percentages of PET plastic. The addition PET plastic more than 10%, the strength dropped drastically more than 40%. The usage of waste plastic in concrete leads to a change in the modes of failure from brittle (rapid) failure to more ductile failure.
Appraisal of Indoor Microbial Pollutants at University Research Labs and Offices under Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Abed E Y , Madhoun W A , Elmanama A A , Kim H , Xu X , Ros F C
Published: July 2020

Bacteria and fungi grow indoors when sufficient moisture is available. This study aims to determine the total viable bacterial count and fungi levels and to compare these levels among various science teaching laboratories and staff offices in Gaza city universities. A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted, sixty-five (65) air samples were collected from three local universities using Air Sampler. Auto Ranging Multimeter was used to record humidity and temperature. Air samples with counts of bacteria or fungi more than 500 Colony forming units “CFU”/m3 were considered polluted according to the world health organization (WHO) standards. Among the 65 samples from the three universities, 48 sample (73.8%) had more than 500 colonies/100L. In term of fungal concentration, nine samples (13.8%) exceeded the WHO standards of 500 CFU/m3. The highest percentage of bacterial load in air samples at the three universities (more than 500 CFU/m3) was at IUG with 80.8% due to its old existence, more labs and lab activities. The lowest was at AQU with 61.5% due to less lab and lab activities. The highest percentage of fungal load in air samples at the three universities also were at IUG with 19.2 % and the lowest was at AQU with 7.7%.
Phytoremediation of Fe and Mn Metal in Acid Mine Drainage Using Typha Angustifolia
Authors: Ibrahim R , Zubair A , Selintung M , Dwirachma A R
Published: July 2020

Coal mining activities in Indonesia are quite high and generally use the open-pit method. The problem that arises due to open mining is the presence of acid mine drainage (AMD) containing heavy metals such as Fe and Mn. The existence of heavy metals can cause water pollution and cause the death of aquatic organisms. Active processing methods that are widely used to process AMD have shortcomings, including high costs and can produce large amounts of sludge. One of the passive processing methods, namely phytoremediation method using constructed wetland system, is an alternative processing method which has advantages such as easy design, low cost of financing, and does not require expert operations, but has a fairly good ability to reduce pollutants, including heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a constructed wetland system in reducing Iron metal (Fe) and manganese metal (Mn) in AMD. This study was designed in a laboratory-scale research experiment by flowing AMD into a reactor that has regulated discharge and growing media. In addition to these two variables, the success of the constructed wetland system in this study was also influenced by the presence of Typha angustifolia which functions as a phytoremediation agent in reducing the concentration of Fe and Mn metals. The analysis showed that the best treatment in this study was Q1M2 which had the highest removal efficiency of Fe and Mn respectively 94.35% and 85.21%.
Experimental Study of Wave Reflection in Breakwater Overtopping Catcher Model
Authors: Hatta M P , Puspita A I D , Thaha M A , Karamma R , Pongmanda S , Mustari A S , Ibrahim M
Published: July 2020

Breakwater overtopping catcher model is a breakwater or shore protection model, which can accommodate or catch wave overtopping. This breakwater model is different from most other conventional breakwater models, at the back of this breakwater model, an opening is made to form a reservoir. This reservoir serves to collect overtopping wave, which is then collected and released back to the sea through an energy conversion process. How many waves overflow at the peak of the breakwater model is strongly influenced by several factors, one of which is the wave characteristics. This research was carried out experimentally to determine the characteristics of the waves, especially the influence of wave steepness to the wave reflection coefficient. The experiment was carried out in a wave flume with regular wave generation. Variations of research carried out on variations in the model that is slope and freeboard and wave variations that is period and wave height. The results of the study show that the wave reflection coefficient decrease with the increase of wave steepness, it is also seen that steep slopes produce the largest wave reflection coefficient.
The Airport Development due to the Demand of Passengers (Case: Mutiara Palu, Indonesia)
Authors: Adisasmitha S A , Yatmar H , Rauf S , Hustim M
Published: July 2020

The influence of service quality has limited attention to the airport study. The services are according to the demand that directly influences the development of the airport. This study investigates the development of the airport. The increasing of passengers used aircraft for the mode choice of transportation made the polemic. The quality of service with the growing demand of passengers could satisfaction the passenger to use the airport facilities and made a flight. The rising trend of passengers has to cover the quality of service performance with the expansion of the airport. The demand analysis is conducted to predict and optimize the services of the airport facilities According to the population and daily flight information. Demand shows the forecast of passengers use the semi-average method, least square method, and the quadratic trend method. The result confirms that the trend of passengers is attracted to choose a cheap flight as a priority than the safety factor. The population affected by the demand for a flight. Otherwise, the growth of domestic products is related to increasing flight demand. Finally, the result shows the factors that affected the demand of passengers to travel with aircraft influenced the expansion in developing the airport facilities.
Preliminary Study on Compressive Strength of Porous Asphalt Containing Modified Buton Asphalt, Waste Plastic and Limestone Powder
Authors: Tjaronge M W , Fakhruddin  , Caronge M A , Zaifullah M H , Rahmat M F
Published: July 2020

Porous asphalt is a surface layer or a wear layer is one of the asphalt material developed to overcome the problem of inundation during the rainy season making it suitable for use in Indonesia which has high rainfall intensity. Furthermore, it is necessary to optimize the use of a number of natural resources in Indonesia such as natural rock asphalt in Buton Island (BRA) and limestone which is available in many places. In addition, reducing of plastic waste is attracts the attention of a number of countries including Indonesia. This paper is part of a series of investigate study related to the behaviour of porous asphalt mixture made with modified Buton asphalt (MBA), waste plastic and lime stone powder. The compaction results showed good adhesion can unite the waste Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), limestone powder and coarse aggregate particles. There is no visible negative effect of waste PET and limestone powder in porous asphalt mixture against compressive strength.
Allocation of Wind Power Plant Construction Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Jasman H , Said S M , Nurtanio I
Published: July 2020

This research aims to determine the feasibility of a location to build Wind Power Plant (WPP). One of the challenges in wind energy development is to find area or location with high suitability for optimizing wind farm to allow the installation of as many wind turbines as possible within a limited area. To construct as many wind turbines as possible, the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) method is adopted using 7 parameters i.e wind potential, elevation, slope, type of land use, soil condition, access to roads, and populated areas and 2178 rules of fuzzy logic. The research was conducted in Kelara District, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The most optimal result is obtained in the village of Tolo with a percentage of feasibility of 91% and error 0.48287. The output of this system can determine the feasibility of a location of wind turbine installation and can be used as a reference for determining wind farms in Indonesia and other countries.
Effects of 500 kV EHV Transmission Lines on Location Determination and Capacity of Shunt Reactor in South Sulawesi Systems
Authors: Kitta I , Suyuti A , Muslimin Z , Manjang S , Santoso W , Hidayat M T
Published: July 2020

Electricity in South Sulawesi system is so extensive that it is necessary to construct a 500 kV Extra High Voltage (EHV) to avoid instability and waste of electricity during the distribution of electricity. need. Therefore, this paper describes the implementation of research on optimizing the electrical energy network system from renewable energy power plants in the form of the application of extra high voltage transmission. This research was carried out as an effort to implement a 500 kV extra high voltage transmission in South Sulawesi. The length of the 500 kV EHV to be installed includes an extra-long transmission, which is 365 kms which will produce more voltage on the network during light loads. So, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the electrical system to meet applicable standards, including the addition of the shunt reactor. The purpose of this study is to obtain conclusions about the effect of the shunt reactor on the South Sulawesi transmission system after the 500 kV EHV is applied. The research that has been carried out aims to obtain the optimal location and capacity of a shunt reactor. The results of this study will be very useful for electricity stakeholders, especially transmission companies in South Sulawesi.
The Roughness Characteristic of AA6061-F, AA6061-O and AA6061-T6 after Machining Process
Authors: Arsyad H , Arma L H , Januari
Published: July 2020

Generally, the aims of the machining process are to produce a smooth surface according to a specific standard. To get a good surface quality can be implied by improving the machinability of the raw material. In addition, the selection of machining methods and machining parameters is also an important factor. This study aims to obtain a relationship between heat treatment and surface quality of AA6061 alloy after machining. Heat treatment is expected to improve the machinability of the AA6061 alloy to produce a surface with low roughness. The study was conducted using two heat treatment methods, namely AA6061-T6 and AA6061-O and comparing it with AA6061-F. After the heat treatment process, the AA6061 alloy was machined using a lathe with 1500 rpm spindle speed, 0.05 mm/rev of feed rate and 2 mm depth of cut. The condition of the turning process was varied with and without lubrication. The effect of heat treatment on the surface quality after machining is in terms of surface roughness, microstructure, hardness value, and chip shape. From the results, it was found that Al6061-O has the best surface quality with lowest hardness and lowest surface roughness.
Cognitive Work Analysis to Comprehend Operations in Self Check-in Counter
Authors: Lukmandono  , Suroso H C , Nasution A H
Published: July 2020

Self service check-in is a new service that has been given by the airlines for passenger. This service is able to minimize the use of manpower in the airport and reduce the time consuming for passenger to do the requirement before flying. Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is expected to extract the phases and explore the parts that implied to the system. CWA is a method to analyse an industrial complex system which is useful for industrial design. CWA divided into five stages which outlined different function in each stages those are work domain analysis, control task analysis, strategies analysis, social organization and cooperation analysis, and worker competencies analysis. This research used brainstorming as qualitative method and got several results such as there are five categories that implied in the WDA, five categories involved on CTA, seven categories on SOCA, and nine categories implied on WCA.
Study of Longshore Sediment Transport on Erosion and Sedimentation Beaches in South Sulawesi
Authors: Umar H , Baeda A Y , Husain F , Taufiqurrahman
Published: July 2020

Accumulation of sediment on the beaches absorbs and reflects energy which mainly comes from waves. If all wave energy is absorbed, the beaches is in a balanced condition. Conversely, if the beaches is in an unbalanced condition, erosion and sedimentation will occur which in turn will cause damage to the coastal line. To overcome the problem of erosion and sedimentation that occurs usually the first step that must be done is to look for the causes of erosion and sedimentation, so that by knowing the cause, then you can determine how to overcome them. To find out what approaches can be used to overcome erosion and sedimentation problems, a survey and study of erosion and sedimentation that occur on the beaches must first be conducted. This research was conducted by first analyzing the characteristics of coastal sediment grains then analyzing the predicted erosion and sedimentation on the beaches and calculating the magnitude of longshore sediment transport using empirical equations. Result of the research shows that Padongko Beach Mangempang Village Barru Regency has sedimentation with total longshore sediment transport was 201.71 m3/years, and Desa Aeng Batu-Batu Beach Galesong Utara Takalar Regency has sedimentation with longshore sediment transport was 169.79 m3/years
The Analytical Solution of Waves Transmission Coefficient on Semi Fixed Floating Breakwater
Authors: Paotonan C , Rachman T , Ashury  , Putra T. P.
Published: July 2020

One type of breakwaters that can be used to protect port basin is floating breakwaters. The use of floating breakwaters is suitable for relatively large water depths. In deep waters, the floating breakwaters volume is smaller than rubble mounds breakwater. Consequently, floating breakwaters are cheaper than rubble mounds breakwater. Unfortunately, a practical approach to analysing the performance of floating breakwater in reducing wave height is unknown. Floating breakwater performances indicated by wave transmission coefficient. Therefore, in this study an analytical wave transmission coefficient was formulated. The simple formula can be used to estimate high of wave at behind of floating breakwater. Based on these equations, the wave transmission coefficient influenced by the wave parameters and structural parameters. Wave parameters represents by wave high, wave period, water depth and wave length while structure parameters represents by both of width and draft of structure. Wave transmission coefficient also influenced by the wave frequency and having motion frequency.
Effect of Wave Power Device Arrangement in Double-Water-Chamber Type Seawall towards Wave Power Extraction Rate and Wave Dissipation
Authors: Husain F
Published: July 2020

Utilization of the ocean energy to meet the electricity need is important to realization. The increasing need for electricity and environmental issues are the reasons. In last several decades a number of studies on wave energy device have been carried to find the effective one. In this paper, the double-water-chamber type seawall is basically adopted that has a similar structure to the OWC was examine to extract wave power. In the experiment various arrangement of wave power device inside the double water-chamber was tested to obtain optimum of wave extraction rate. Another function of the double water-chamber as wave dissipation is also clarified in the experiment. Based on experimental result the maximum wave energy conversion efficiency is about 30% and the reflection coefficient of the double-water-chamber seawall is about 0.3 on average.
A Comparative Study using SAW, TOPSIS, SAW-AHP, and TOPSIS-AHP for Tuition Fee (UKT)
Authors: Firgiawan W , Zulkarnaim N , Cokrowibowo S
Published: July 2020

Tuition Fee or UKT has a different group, in which each group has a percentage each of the which has been set by the government based on the economy of each student. The absence of clear standardization in determining Tuition Fee raises many problems. The approach of Decision Support Systems (DSS) will help in the decision making of Tuition Fee students are more effective and efficient. The purpose of this study research is to compare the 4 DSS methods used in the decision making process, Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a combination of Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used in making Decision determination Tuition Fee students in accordance with established criteria determine the method relevant to the problem. By using a comparison of four methods: SAW, TOPSIS, SAW-AHP and AHP-TOPSIS, the experimental results obtained using accuracy measure where the highest accuracy obtained by TOPSIS-AHP is 80%, then followed by the TOPSIS method 78%, SAW-AHP 74% and SAW 76%, so the TOPSIS-AHP is the best method used in determining Tuition Fee.
Effects of Mineral Admixtures on Pore Structure and Compressive Strength of Mortar Contaminated Chloride
Authors: Patah D , Hamada H , Dasar A
Published: July 2020

This study evaluates the mechanical properties of performance fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin and blast furnace slag mortars due to contaminated chloride. The compressive strength and pore structures at water-to-binder ratios of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 are investigated. The result, in general, showed mineral admixtures mortar contaminated chloride improved compressive strength and porosity but different rates depending on their binder type.
1D and 2D error assessment and correction for extrusion-based bioprinting using process sensing and control strategies
Authors: Armstrong Ashley A , Alleyne Andrew G , Wagoner Johnson Amy J
Published: July 2020

The bioprinting literature currently lacks: (i) process sensing tools to measure material deposition, (ii) performance metrics to evaluate system performance, and (iii) control tools to correct for and avoid material deposition errors. The lack of process sensing tools limits in vivo functionality of bioprinted parts since accurate material deposition is critical to mimicking the heterogeneous structures of native tissues. We present a process monitoring and control strategy for extrusion-based fabrication that addresses all three gaps to improve material deposition. Our strategy uses a non-contact laser displacement scanner that measures both the spatial material placement and width of the deposited material. We developed a custom image processing script that uses the laser scanner data and defined error metrics for assessing material deposition. To implement process control, the script uses the error metrics to modify control inputs for the next deposition iteration in order to correct for the errors. A key contribution is the definition of a novel method to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of printed constructs. We implement the process monitoring and control strategy on an extrusion-printing system to evaluate system performance and demonstrate improvement in both material placement and material width.
Res-CR-Net, a residual network with a novel architecture optimized for the semantic segmentation of microscopy images
Authors: Abdallah Hassan , Formosa Brent , Liyanaarachchi Asiri , Saigh Maranda , Silvers Samantha , Arslanturk Suzan , Taatjes Douglas J , Larsson Lars , Jena Bhanu P , Gatti Domenico L
Published: July 2020

Deep neural networks (DNN) have been widely used to carry out segmentation tasks in both electron microscopy (EM) and light/fluorescence microscopy (LM/FM). Most DNNs developed for this purpose are based on some variation of the encoder-decoder U-Net architecture. Here we show how Res-CR-Net, a new type of fully convolutional neural network that does not adopt a U-Net architecture, excels at segmentation tasks traditionally considered very hard, like recognizing the contours of nuclei, cytoplasm and mitochondria in densely packed cells in either EM or LM/FM images.
8. Corporate America, 1945–1980
Authors: Friedman Walter A.
Published: July 2020

America’s infrastructure emerged largely unscathed from World War II. “Corporate America, 1945–1980” defines the decades after the war as a golden age for American business. Postwar business norms influenced the “organization type” or executive, characterized by friendliness and loyalty. High-tech companies invested in aviation and aerospace, while low-tech companies dealing in food, lumber, tobacco, and brewing turned to marketing rather than price competition to sell their products. The postwar years saw the growth of services and franchises and bolstered America’s presence in overseas markets. Later in the century, it became clear that America needed new strategies to regain lost shares of global markets.
1. Beginnings
Authors: Wright Donald
Published: July 2020

‘Beginnings’ traces Canada’s history of colonization by the French and then the British. During the establishment of New France, disease and death cut a swathe through the Indigenous population. After a final short battle, Britain’s victory over the French in the Seven Years War led to further remaking of the land by Great Britain and the formation of a Confederation, which is still contentious. Despite the risks of emigration and the challenges of working the land, Canada’s population swelled with thousands of settlers from France and the Anglo-Celtic diaspora, and then from other parts of the world.
2. Dispossessions
Authors: Wright Donald
Published: July 2020

‘Dispossessions’ covers the exploitation of Indigenous Canadians who saw the treaties they signed as land-sharing agreements while the European settlers interpreted them as selling the land outright. Groups with no treaties, like the European-Indigenous Metis, were particularly vulnerable. Residential schools for Indigenous children provided opportunities, but also played a part in cultural genocide. The Indian Act, an attempt to solve the problem on the government’s terms, dictated who could identify as Indian. Some communities and individuals have succeeded in reclaiming their land, rights, and histories, but life is still challenging for many Indigenous or First Nations people.
1. The challenges of dementia
Authors: Taylor Kathleen
Published: July 2020

While cognitive problems have long been associated with ageing, dementia is a relatively new concept. ‘The challenge of dementia’ shows how our understanding of it was shaped by research in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Dementia often first appears as short-term memory failure, but symptoms vary depending on the type and the regions of the brain affected. The hippocampus is often implicated, as are synaptic failures that lead to cell death. Despite a rapidly ageing population, dementia research is underfunded. Research presents challenges for scientists, including obtaining brain samples and addressing the complex processes of neurodegeneration. Dementia does not just affect the elderly.
2. What causes dementia?
Authors: Taylor Kathleen
Published: July 2020

‘What causes dementia?’ looks at the mechanisms underlying dementia. Dr Aloysius Alzheimer identified two key features in the brain. These were a build-up of plaques dominated by the amyloid-beta protein and tangled or misfolded tau proteins. How do we research the causes of dementia? Options include animal studies, human samples including stem cells and organoids, and improved neuroscience technologies such as brain scans and MRIs. Some scientists argue that smaller soluble oligomers are as dangerous as amyloid plaques, some continue to support the amyloid cascade theory, and others look elsewhere for advances and a possible cure. Theories beyond the amyloid hypothesis are receiving more funding, changing the focus of research.
French Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox
Published: July 2020

French Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction outlines the history of French philosophy, summarising important thinkers and texts. Philosophy has played a significant role in French culture since the early modern period, and French philosophy has influenced the Western world for centuries. The Enlightenment was central to the relationship between philosophy and politics. Nineteenth-century French philosophy was focused on ideas of science and progress. In the twentieth century, existentialist ideas took hold, followed by an embrace of structuralism which led to post-structuralism and deconstruction. French philosophy is interwoven with political, literary, and scientific debates of the time, and ongoing conflicts between religious and secular beliefs.
Restless times
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox
Published: July 2020

While it captured the French public imagination, structuralism is now more celebrated as a precursor to post-structuralism and deconstruction. ‘Restless times: structuralism and post-structuralism’ introduces Foucault, Derrida, and Deleuze, whose academic, aesthetically based theories were part of a move away from progressive philosophy. Foucault placed madness and medicine in their historical contexts, Derrida’s writings focused on the inherent instability of texts, and Deleuze rehabilitated some of Bergson’s theories while occupying a unique position of his own between radicalism, pragmatism, and metaphysics. What effect did the student protests of 1968 have on these three different writers?
3. The fat and the thin
Authors: Nelson Brian
Published: July 2020

‘The fat and the thin: The Belly of Paris’ evokes the violent beginnings of the Rougon-Macquart family during Louis-Napoleon’s coup d’état of December 1851. The novel tells the story of Florent, who is unjustly imprisoned and exiled following the disturbances. On returning to Paris, he finds it transformed beyond recognition by the Empire’s burgeoning capitalist economy, epitomized by the prosperous butcher’s shop owned by Florent’s half-brother Quenu and his wife Lisa. A temple of gluttony, the shop is situated close to the great new food markets, Les Halles. The novel turns on Florent’s malaise in, and eventual expulsion from, this monstrous world of food.
1. Biological diversity and the geography of nature
Authors: Lomolino Mark V.
Published: July 2020

Throughout history, insights into understanding the diversity of life forms have come from placing natural phenomena within an explicit geographic context. “Biological diversity and the geography of nature” maps the discoveries of early explorers in the field, from the Age of Enlightenment to the present day. Where do distinct species occur? How and why do they vary from place to place? Buffon’s Law identified three fundamental processes of biological diversity: evolution, dispersal (or immigration), and extinction. Biological processes are complex—not only because they arise from a variety of factors and processes including evolution, but because the species themselves interact to influence each of the fundamental processes.