bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Sequential Passaging on Protein Expression of E. coli Using Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Alhajouj Mohammed S. , Alsharif Ghadah S. , Mirza Ahmed A.
Published: July 2020

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections in the world affecting the bladder and the kidney. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the main causative agent of 80–90% of community-acquired UTIs, about 40% of nosocomial UTIs, and 25% of recurrent UTIs. The field of proteomics has emerged as a great tool to analyze expressed proteins to identify possible biomarkers associated with many pathological states and, to the same extent, those associated with bacterial pathogenesis and their ability to cause recurrent infections. Here, in a descriptive cross-sectional pilot study, we employed proteomic techniques to investigate the effects of environmental stress on protein profiles of E. coli simulated by sequential passaging of samples from patients with UTIs to screen for unique proteins that arise under stressful environment and could aid in the early detection of UTIs. Four urine samples were collected from individuals with recurrent UTI and sequentially subcultured; protein samples were extracted from bacterial pellets and analyzed using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE). Protein spots of interest arising from changes in the protein profile were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and matched against known databases to identify related proteins. We identified ATPB_ECOBW, ASPA ECOLI, DPS ECOL6, and DCEB ECOLI as proteins associated with higher passaging. We concluded that passaging resulted in identifiable changes in the protein profile of E. coli, namely, proteins that are associated with survival and possible adaptation of bacteria, suggestive of factors contributing to antibiotic resistance and recurrent UTIs. Furthermore, our method could be further used to identify indicator-protein candidates that could be a part of a growing protein database to diagnose and identify causative agents in UTIs.
Exosomal MicroRNA Expression Profiling Analysis of the Effects of Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mice
Authors: Xiao Ya , Chen Weihao , Chen Ruixue , Luo Anling , Chen Dayi , Liang Qiuer , Liu Tianhao , Chen Xudong , Tan Wei
Published: July 2020

Objective. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathological condition, affecting an increasing number of pregnant women worldwide. Safe and effective treatment for GDM is very important for the public health. In this study, we utilized a high‐fat diet‐induced GDM model to evaluate the effects of LBP on GDM and examined the changes of exosomal microRNA expression profiling to decipher the potential underlying mechanism of LBP. Methods. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet, HFD, or 150 mg/kg LBP‐supplemented HFD for 6 weeks before conception and throughout gestation. Oral glucose tolerance test and plasma lipid levels were determined, and liver histopathology was assessed. Sequencing was used to define the microRNA expression profiling of plasma exosomes in the three groups of mice, and protein expression levels of the candidate target genes were analyzed. Results. LBP significantly relieved glucose intolerance, abnormal plasma lipid levels, and pathomorphological changes of liver histopathology in HFD‐induced GDM mice. Moreover, we found that this effect of LBP was mediated by downregulation of the increase of 6 miRNAs (miR‐93‐3p, miR‐188‐5p, miR‐466k, miR‐1188‐5p, miR‐7001‐3p, and miR‐7115‐5p) and reversing the increase of the protein expression of CPT1A, which is the target gene of miR‐188‐5p. Conclusions. Our findings provide novel insights into the biological activities of LBP in the treatment of GDM.
Impact of Overweight in Mens with Family History of Hypertension: Early Heart Rate Variability and Oxidative Stress Disarrangements
Authors: Viana Ariane , Dias Danielle da Silva , Nascimento Mario Cesar , dos Santos Fernando , Lanza Fernanda de Cordoba , Irigoyen Maria Cláudia , De Angelis Kátia
Published: July 2020

Aim. To evaluate cardiovascular, autonomic, and oxidative stress markers in eutrophic and overweight offspring of hypertensive parents comparing them to eutrophic and overweight offspring of normotensive parents. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study. We selected 71 male and sedentary subjects, divided into 4 groups: eutrophic group with a negative family history of hypertension (EH-, n=18) or positive family history of hypertension (EH+, n=17), overweight group with a negative family history of hypertension (OH-, n=19) or a positive family history of hypertension (OH+, n=17), and aged between 18 and 35 years. Results. Blood glucose was higher in the OH+ group when compared to other groups. Diastolic blood pressure was increased in OH- and OH+ groups when compared to eutrophic groups. Regarding the HRV, the LF abs was higher in OH- and OH+ groups when compared to the EH- group. LF/HF values were higher in EH+ and OH+ groups when compared to the EH- and OH- groups. As to oxidative stress and the metabolism of nitric oxide, we observed an increase in hydrogen peroxide and nitrite levels in the OH+ group, and in the NADPH oxidase in OH- and OH+ groups when compared to the other groups. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that the overweight group with a family history of hypertension presented all the dysfunctions observed in isolation from these risk factors. We observed an exacerbation of cardiac sympathetic modulation and early prooxidants increase, which may be associated with target organ damage and cardiovascular risk in this population.
Effects of Cement Content, Curing Period, Gradation, and Compaction Degree on Mechanical Behavior of Cement‐Stabilized Crushed Gravel Produced via Vertical Vibration Test Method
Authors: Jiang Yingjun , Tian Tian , Deng Changqing , Yuan Kejia , Yi Yong
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the reliability of vertical vibration test method (VVTM) was evaluated by comparing the changes in moisture content and gradation before and after forming the test piece by VVTM and static pressure method and the mechanical strength correlation between the laboratory compaction sample and the core sample in the field. The effects of cement content, curing period, gradation, and compaction degree on the unconfined compressive strength, splitting strength, and compressive rebound modulus of VVTM‐compacted cement‐stabilized crushed gravel (CSCG) were studied, and a mechanical strength prediction equation for VVTM‐compacted CSCG was formulated. The results show that the correlation between the strength of the VVTM specimen and the field core sample can reach 92%; the mechanical strength of CSCG will increase with increase in the cement content, and when the cement content reaches approximately 4%, the increase in its mechanical strength will slow down; the mechanical strength of VVTM‐compacted CSCG with different cement dosages and gradation types increased fast at 14 days of curing period and began to level off after 90 days. Compared with XM gradation, using GM gradation can improve the mechanical strength. Under different gradations and curing periods, the mechanical strength linearly increases with increase in the degree of compaction. The mechanical strength prediction equation has a high reliability; therefore, it can accurately predict the strength growth rules. Moreover, the degree of compaction increases by 1%, and the mechanical strength increases by approximately 10%.
Intracardiac Echocardiography as a Guide for Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Yoshimoto Hironaga , Yasuto Maeda , Inoue Tadashi , Kagiyama Yoshiyuki , Teramachi Yozo , Takase Ryuta , Koteda Yusuke , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Iemura Motofumi , Suda Kenji
Published: July 2020

Background. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (TC-PDA), conventionally guided by aortography, has become the standard treatment of this disease. The purposes of this study were to evaluate whether intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) may be used for measuring PDA size and be used as a guide for TC-PDA. Methods. This study had 2 phases. In phase 1, we compared the measurements of PDA size: pulmonary artery side diameter (PA-D), length, and aortic side diameter (Ao-D) of PDA, as measured by ICE with those measured by aortography or cardiac computed tomography (AoG/CCT) in 23 patients who underwent TC-PDA. In phase 2, we compared the demographics, fluoroscopic time, contrast volume, and complications of the TC-PDAs between 10 adult patients with ICE guidance and 16 without it. Results. In phase 1, we found great correlation and agreement between ICE and AoG/CCT in PA-D (r = 0.985, bias −0.077 to 0.224), but moderate to poor correlation and agreement in length (r = 0.653, bias −0.491 to 3.065) and Ao-D (r = 0.704, bias 0.738 to 4.732), respectively. Nevertheless, all patients underwent successful TC-PDA with ICE guidance that allowed us to continuously monitor the whole process. In phase 2, TC-PDA required a significantly lower contrast volume with ICE guidance than without it, and there was no significant difference in the remaining variables between the 2 groups. Conclusion. ICE is comparable to AoG/CCT in providing accurate PA-D of the PDA and may be a safe alternative to guide TC-PDA as compared to conventional aortography.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Infants Delivered via Cesarean from Mothers with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Nakahara Mariko , Goto Shunji , Kato Eiji , Itakura Atsuo , Takeda Satoru
Published: July 2020

Objective. This study aimed to clarify the effects of cesarean delivery on neonatal respiratory morbidity when women had preterm premature rupture of membranes.Methods. This retrospective study included women with preterm premature rupture of membranes who delivered from 23 weeks to 33 weeks of gestation between January 2009 and December 2014. Neonatal outcomes were compared between infants delivered by cesarean section and those delivered vaginally. The primary outcome was respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Neonatal intubation and mechanical ventilation periods were secondary outcomes. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes between cesarean and vaginal delivery cases.Results.There were 101 cesarean deliveries and 89 vaginal deliveries. A comparison of the presence or absence of neonatal complications based on the delivery type indicated a higher occurrence of RDS with cesarean deliveries (P=0.025). The intubation and mechanical ventilation periods were not significantly longer in neonates delivered via cesarean section.Conclusions.Cesarean delivery is a risk factor for neonatal RDS in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Trials identifying long-term neonatal prognoses are needed to further develop optimal management strategies in such cases.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Predictors of Recovery in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Das Ashis Kumar , Gopalan Saji Saraswathy
Published: July 2020

Background. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a threat to global health. Though current evidence on the epidemiology of the disease is emerging, very little is known about the predictors of recovery. Objectives. To describe the epidemiology of confirmed COVID-19 patients in the Republic of Korea and identify predictors of recovery. Materials and Methods. Using publicly available data for confirmed COVID-19 cases from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 20, 2020, to April 30, 2020, we undertook descriptive analyses of cases stratified by sex, age group, place of exposure, date of confirmation, and province. Correlation was tested among all predictors (sex, age group, place of exposure, and province) with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Associations between recovery from COVID-19 and predictors were estimated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results. Majority of the confirmed cases were females (56%), 20-29 age group (24.3%), and primarily from three provinces—Gyeongsangbuk-do (36.9%), Gyeonggi-do (20.5%), and Seoul (17.1%). The case fatality ratio was 2.1%, and 41.6% cases recovered. Older patients, patients from provinces such as Daegu, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeju-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeollanam-do, and those contracting the disease from healthcare settings had lower recovery. Conclusions. Our study adds to the very limited evidence base on potential predictors of recovery among confirmed COVID-19 cases. We call additional research to explore the predictors of recovery and support development of policies to protect the vulnerable patient groups.
The Expression of Tripartite Motif Protein 36 and β-Catenin Correlates with the Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Hua , Sun Wenlong , Qiao Gaofeng , Zhao Bin , Liu Xiangyan , Zhu Feng
Published: July 2020

Aims. Tripartite motif protein 36 (TRIM36) plays a tumor-suppressive role in prostate cancer. However, there is little information on the clinical relevance of TRIM36 expression in esophageal cancer (ESCA). Methods. TRIM36 expression was analyzed by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ESCA dataset as well as by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on samples from our hospital. Results. In the current study, the analysis of TCGA ESCA dataset suggested the decreased expression of TRIM36 in ESCA tissues. Further analyses on samples from our hospital demonstrated that TRIM36 was significantly downregulated in ESCA tissues than in the noncancerous controls at both the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis on TCGA ESCA dataset suggested that TRIM36 expression was inversely correlated with the β-catenin pathway. IHC staining data showed that 66.25% (53/80) and 51.25% (41/80) of ESCA cases had a low expression of TRIM36 and a high expression of β-catenin, respectively. By Fisher’s exact test, we found that TRIM36 protein expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.0104), tumor stage (P=0.0169), lymph node metastasis (P=0.0021), vital status (P=0.0443), and β-catenin expression (P=0.0329). These findings suggest the potential clinical significance of TRIM36 in ESCA. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank test demonstrated that a low expression of TRIM6 and a high expression of β-catenin were associated with poor overall survival of ESCA patients. Conclusions. Our study provides evidence for the prognostic value of TRIM36 in ESCA.
Severe Hyponatremia Precipitated by Acute Urinary Retention in a Patient with Psychogenic Polydipsia
Authors: Hilton C. M. H. , Boesby L. , Nelveg-Kristensen K. E.
Published: July 2020

A woman in her late sixties presented with severe hyponatremia and acute kidney injury (AKI) as consequence of psychogenic polydipsia and acute urinary retention due to urinary tract infection. Urinary catheterization promptly drained 5.5 L of urine with resulting polyuria, leading to an initial swift raise in plasma (P) sodium concentration, disregarding the course of fluid resuscitation. After the polyuric phase, normal range P-sodium levels were reestablished by oral water restriction. Treatment with psychoactive drugs, e.g., zuclopentixol, may have contributed to the severity of the condition. There are few published reports regarding water intoxication and urinary retention, but none reflecting severe hyponatremia precipitated by acute urinary retention in a patient with polydipsia. By this report, we illustrate the detrimental consequences on water and electrolyte homeostasis of urinary retention and polydipsia resulting in acute water intoxication. The purpose of presenting this case is firstly to draw attention to the potentially fatal combination of polydipsia and postrenal acute kidney injury, where the kidneys are unable to correct the enormous excess water, then to focus on the difficulty in correcting hypervolemic hyponatraemia in the context of polyuria after relief of urinary retention, and finally, to point out that patients in treatment with antipsychotics may have further worsening of electrolyte derangement.
Promising Natural Products in Crop Protection and Food Preservation: Basis, Advances, and Future Prospects
Authors: Ogunnupebi Temitope A. , Oluyori Abimbola P. , Dada Adewumi O. , Oladeji Oluwole S. , Inyinbor Adejumoke A. , Egharevba Godshelp O.
Published: July 2020

The increase in demand for agricultural produce necessitates the continuous search for affordable, ecofriendly, readily available crop protectors, and food preservatives. Historically, the use of various chemicals was employed in controlling plant diseases and to maintain food quality. In the past few decades, several natural product-based alternatives have been discovered and projected as better alternatives to synthetic pesticides and other synthetic agrochemicals. Recent studies focusing on the application of different botanicals in crop protection and food preservation were carefully selected and reviewed. The application of plant extract in the biogenic preparation of nanoparticles was also reviewed. This review confirms that several natural products can be used as a safe replacement for synthetic agrochemicals. Different plant extracts have also served as feed for the synthesis of nanoparticle, which is increasingly applicable in crop protection and food preservation.
Design and Experiment Study of Ultrasonic Longitudinal-Torsional Compound Consolidation Vibration System for Metal Foil
Authors: Zhong Xiangqiang , Zhang Benxue , Huang Weiqing , Di Zhimin , Fang Huajie
Published: July 2020

In order to realize the connection for metal foil, a longitudinal-torsional compound consolidation vibration system is proposed, and relative experiments are carried out. Firstly, the structure of longitudinal-torsional compound consolidation vibration system was designed, detailed structural design of the compound piezoelectric transducer and the compound horn in the vibration system was carried out, and torsional vibration analysis of the compound horn with spiral grooves was carried out based on mechanical principle. Secondly, modal calculation and harmonic response analysis of longitudinal-torsional compound consolidation vibration system were carried out, and corresponding vibration mode and harmonic frequency were obtained. The effect of structural parameters for the compound horn on the frequency of the consolidation vibration system was analysed, and structural parameters of the compound horn were optimized. Finally, the prototype was made, and the experimental platform was built to test the amplitude. When the frequency is near 20000 Hz, the resonance is achieved in three directions at the same time, and the resonance frequency is 19800 Hz. Through the frequency-scanning test, the maximum longitudinal amplitude of the consolidation vibration system is 16 μm, and the maximum torsional amplitudes of X and Y are 7.9 μm and 8.1 μm. The longitudinal-torsional compound consolidation vibration system can realize the connection of the same and different metal foils and has broad application prospects.
Complete Cubonavicular Coalition Associated with Midfoot Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kummer Anne , Dugert Eric , Jammal Mouas
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Cubonavicular coalitions represent a relatively rare condition with less than forty cases described in the literature, the majority of which are fibrocartilaginous. To our knowledge, cubonavicular osseous coalition associated with osteoarthritis of the midfoot has never been described.Case Presentation. We present the case of a 26-year-old man with bilateral Achilles tendinosis, in whom radiological studies show an incidental finding of a complete osseous cubonavicular coalition, as well as a partial osseous cubo-third cuneiform coalition and a fibrous band between the first and second cuneiforms of the right foot, associated with arthritic changes of the tarsometatarsal joint. A nonosseous calcaneocubonavicular coalition was found on the left foot. These multiples coalitions were asymptomatic in this case.Discussion. Cubonavicular coalition, even asymptomatic, can cause midfoot osteoarthritis in young patients. We may therefore suspect that the immobility of the cubonavicular joint causes additional stress on the midfoot.
Bilateral Lumbar Hernias Following Spine Surgery: A Case Report and Laparoscopic Transabdominal Repair
Authors: Rafols Marc , Bergholz Daniel , Andreoni Anthony , Knickerbocker Chase , Davies Jennifer , Grossman Robert A.
Published: July 2020

Lumbar hernias are rare abdominal wall defects. Fewer than 400 cases have been reported in the literature and account for 2% of all abdominal wall hernias. Lumbar hernias are divided into Grynfelt-Lesshaft or Petit hernias. The former are hernia defects through the superior lumbar triangle, while the latter are defects of the inferior lumbar triangle. Primary lumbar hernias are further subdivided into congenital or acquired hernias and can further be classified as either primary or secondary. Secondary hernias occur after previous flank surgeries, iatrogenic muscular disruption, infection, or trauma. We review a rare presentation of metachronous symptomatic bilateral secondary acquired lumbar hernia following spine surgery. A successful laparoscopic transabdominal lumbar hernia repair with extraperitoneal mesh placement was performed, with resolution of the hernia symptoms. An extensive literature review regarding lumbar hernia and different types of repairs was performed.
CanToxoplasma gondiiPave the Road for Dementia?
Authors: El Saftawy Enas A. , Amin Noha M. , Sabry Rania M. , El-Anwar Noha , Shash Rania Y. , Elsebaie Eman H. , Wassef Rita M.
Published: July 2020

Dementia is an ominous neurological disease. Scientists proposed a link between its occurrence and the presence ofToxoplasma gondii(T. gondii). The long-term sequels of anti-Toxoplasmapremunition, chiefly dominated by TNF-α, on the neurons and their receptors as the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which is tangled in cognition and synaptic plasticity, are still not clear. IGF-1R mediates its action via IGF-1, and its depletion is incorporated in the pathogenesis of dementia. The activated TNF-αsignaling pathway induces NF-κβthat may induce or inhibit neurogenesis. This study speculates the potential impact of anti-Toxoplasmaimmune response on the expression of IGF-1R in chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis. The distributive pattern ofT. gondiicysts was studied in association with TNF-αserum levels, the in situ expression of NF-κβ, and IGF-1R in mice using the low virulent ME-49T. gondiistrain. There was an elevation of the TNF-αserum level (pvalue ≤ 0.004) and significant upsurge in NF-κβwhereas IGF-1R was of low abundance (pvalue < 0.05) compared to the controls. TNF-αhad a strong positive correlation with the intracerebral expression of NF-κβ(rvalue ≈ 0.943,pvalue ≈ 0.005) and a strong negative correlation to IGF-1R (rvalue -0.584 and -0.725 for area% and O.D., respectively). This activated TNF-α/NF-κβkeepsT. gondiiunder control at the expense of IGF-1R expression, depriving neurons of the effect of IGF-1, the receptor’s ligand. We therefore deduce thatT. gondiiimmunopathological reaction may be a road paver for developing dementia.
Effect of Chemical Enhancing‐Technology on the Properties of Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Dongmei , Wei Di , Xiong Jianping , Li Jing
Published: July 2020

Strengthening the attached old cement mortar of recycled aggregate (RA) is a common approach to enhance the RA properties. In this study, four representative chemical enhancing‐technologies were chosen. Through the analysis of physical properties, mechanical properties, and shape indexes, the changes of performance before and after strengthening were tested, so as to grasp the influence of chemical enhancing‐technologies on the performance of RA. The results indicated that the chemical strengthening methods had obvious influence on the physical properties of RA, such as density and water absorption. Due to the different chemical enhancing mechanism, the influence trend and range were varied. The mechanical properties of RA such as crushing value and abrasion value were obviously improved by chemical enhancement. However, chemical enhancement had an effect on the shape of RA, which will slightly reduce the angularity index and sphericity index. The texture index of RA with C‐3 and C‐7 decreased sharply, but texture index increased after abrasion, and the discrepancy of aggregate texture index of different enhancing methods is significantly reduced. The microanalysis exhibited that the aggregate surface structure with C‐3 and H was large, but there were a lot of fine structures on the aggregate surface with C‐7 and N‐P. Different chemical enhancing methods have different effects on the mechanical performance and microstructure of RA, but it should be noted that the fluctuation of RA performance tends to increase.
Mechanical and Deformation Characteristics and Optimization of Support Parameters for Superlarge‐Span Tunnel: A Case Study from Laohushan Tunnel
Authors: Luo Yanbin , Chen Jianxun , Shi Zhou , Zhang Shaoqiang , Liu Weiwei , Li Yao
Published: July 2020

In the new construction or reconstruction of expressway projects, the number of highway twin tunnels with eight lanes is increasing. However, there are no corresponding design support parameters and measures in the current technical specifications for tunnel design and construction in China. In Laohushan superlarge‐span highway tunnel with single hole and four lanes, the deformation behavior and mechanical characteristics of support structures are measured and analyzed. The monitoring results indicated that the deformation of tunnel structure mainly experienced three stages: rapid deformation, slow deformation, and stable deformation, and finally reached a relatively stable state; the structure stress of primary support and secondary lining increases sharply at first and then tends to be stable gradually with the gradual construction of each excavation part in the tunnel; the stress of each measuring point at the steel rib is less than the yield limit of steel rib (235 MPa), and the support structure is safe and stable in the process of tunnel construction. Then, the structure safety of primary support under different support parameters is simulated and calculated by numerical simulation with Grade IV rock mass, and the reasonable support parameters for Laohushan highway tunnel are studied considering the structural safety and engineering economy. It is suggested to use the H175‐type steel sets with a distance of 80 cm and C25 shotcrete with a thickness of 26 cm. The results could provide reference for similar tunnel projects and provide a basis for the design specification and construction standards for superlarge‐span tunnels.
Lower‐Bound Solution of Foundation‐Bearing Capacity under Circular Uniformly Distributed Load
Authors: Wei Fang , Jiao Wang , Wan-dongxing Zhang , Li-jun Shi
Published: July 2020

The semispatial static allowable stress field was constructed by three‐dimensional stress columns, and the analytical lower‐bound solution of bearing capacity of Mohr–Coulomb foundation beneath circular uniformly distributed load was put forward for the first time. The influence of the amount of stress columns and soil shear strength parameters on the lower‐bound solution of the foundation‐bearing capacity is analyzed. The research showed that (1) when the number of stress columns is more than 9 (n > 4) and the friction angle is less than 30°, the relative error between the lower‐bound solution of the bearing capacity and exact solution is less than 6.6%, (2) the suggested analytical solution is applicable for common clayey materials; thus, the application scope of the analytical lower‐bound solution is further expanded, and (3) the influence of cohesion on bearing capacity is linear. However, with the increase of the friction angle, the bearing capacity increases faster and faster under all cohesion levels. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified by literature comparison.
Antibiotic and Disinfectant Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Farmed Fish in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Wanja Daniel W. , Mbuthia Paul G. , Waruiru Robert M. , Bebora Lilly C. , Ngowi Helena A. , Nyaga Philip N.
Published: July 2020

Fish bacterial pathogens cause diseases which result in a considerable economic impact on the aquaculture industry, necessitating the use of antimicrobials for their control. However, intensive and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials has led to increased occurrence of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria, as well as normal flora. The aim of the current study was to determine the susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from fish, with respect to some commonly used antibiotics and disinfectants. Bacteria were isolated between December 2017 and April 2018 from farmed Nile tilapia, African catfish, goldfish, and koi carp in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Antibiotic and disinfectant susceptibility patterns of 48 isolates belonging to the genera Aeromonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Serratia, and Micrococcus were established using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion technique, respectively. The antibiotics evaluated included ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, and chloramphenicol, while the disinfectants tested were quaternary ammonium compound, formalin, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and iodine. All the bacteria except Micrococcus, Escherichia, and Salmonella species showed multiple drug resistance patterns. Streptococcus showed resistance to six antibiotics, while Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia were resistant to five antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance index ranged from 0.1 to 0.8, with Streptococcus spp. having the highest score value. All the organisms were sensitive to gentamicin, while co-trimoxazole and ampicillin showed the highest resistance at 73% (n = 34) and 62% (n = 31), respectively. Most of the disinfectants showed antibacterial activity with varying magnitudes. The isolates were 100% sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and formalin, but were resistant to sodium hypochlorite at recommended user-dilution. The study has shown that some of the bacterial isolates were resistant to common antibiotics and disinfectants; thus, it is recommended to include an antibiogram whenever making any therapeutic decision. The resistant bacteria may transmit resistance genes to other fish bacteria and also to human bacteria, thus making it difficult to treat the resultant disease(s); thus, there is a possibility that these resistant bacteria may be transmitted to humans who consume or handle the carrier fish. It is, therefore, advisable that fish are cooked properly before consumption, so as to kill bacteria that may be present.
Imbalance in PB IL-17-Secreting and Regulatory Cells in Pars Planitis Is Associated with Dysregulation of IFN-γ-Secreting Cells, Especially in Patients with Clinical Complications
Authors: Kosmaczewska Agata , Przeździecka-Dołyk Joanna , Turno-Kręcicka Anna , Ciszak Lidia , Szteblich Aleksandra , Węgrzyn Agnieszka , Frydecka Irena , Misiuk-Hojło Marta
Published: July 2020

Background/Purpose. Pars planitis (PP) is a chronic intermediate uveitis of undefined cause, although autoimmune etiology is strongly suggested. This study was undertaken to evaluate circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with PP. A better understanding of immune alterations in PP may contribute to the development of an appropriate biologic treatment approach.Material and Methods. In our case-control study, samples of peripheral blood from 15 patients with pars planitis and 17 healthy subjects were collected. The patients underwent a full ophthalmological evaluation including macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and submacular choroid (with enhanced deep imaging) with the SD-OCT Spectralis system. By flow cytometry, we assessed lymphocyte subpopulations as follows: Th1 subset: CD3+CD8-IFN-γ+ and CCR4-CXCR3+IFN-γ+ cells, Th17 subset: CD3+CD8-IL-17+ and CCR4+CCR6+IL-17+ cells, T regulatory (Treg): CD4+CD25hiCD127- cells, T suppressor (Tsup): CD8+CD28-FOXP3+ cells, and B regulatory (Breg): CD19+CD24hiCD38hi cells. The results are presented as the median percentage of immune cells in comparison to those obtained from the healthy control group.Results. In patients, an increase in the population of Th17-secreting cells negatively correlated with the abundance of both IFN-γ-producing and T regulatory as well as suppressor cells, regarding all the phenotypes studied. Although a strong dependence of the PB Th1 cell compartment on the duration of the disease was observed, it was limited to the subgroup of patients with macular edema only. The frequency of B regulatory cells was unchanged compared to controls.Conclusions. In pars planitis, the alterations in lymphocyte cell distribution affect primarily the T cell repertoire. The imbalance in PB Th1/Th17/Treg cells creates proinflammatory conditions, strengthening the suggestion that the immune background may play a role in pars planitis pathogenesis. Also, circulating Th1 level may be of potential clinical relevance in terms of prediction of a more severe course of the disease.
Qiju Dihuang Decoction for Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Bai Xue , Chen Zhen-Lin , Li Jia-Jia , Chen Yan-Yan , Tang Yu-Ping
Published: July 2020

Objective. To systematically evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine Qiju Dihuang Decoction (QDD) for hypertension. Methods. A comprehensive literature search of randomized controlled trials using QDD to treat hypertension was conducted in 7 electronic databases, including Chinese databases. Subjects and abstracts of the trials were read in NoteExpress for preliminary screening, and the full text was read for further screening. The data extraction table was made for the selected 19 trials, and risk of bias was assessed by using the Cochrane collaboration tool, followed by data analysis using Rev Man 5.3. Results. The antihypertensive efficacy of QDD is 1.45 times that of antihypertensive drugs and 1.56 times that of conventional therapies, which can also reduce the endothelin level. QPAD exhibits an antihypertensive effect, and its clinical efficacy is 1.34 times and 1.61 times that of antihypertensive drugs, which can not only significantly lower the diastolic blood pressure but also reduce the 24 h mean ambulate blood pressure. At the same time, it can decrease the TCM syndrome score, inhibit the inflammation, protect the renal function, reduce the insulin resistance, and improve the life quality of patients. Conclusion. QDD can effectively reduce blood pressure and improve the life quality of patients with hypertension, which plays a certain role in preventing hypertension complications. However, due to the methodological deficiencies, more rigorous randomized controlled trials will be needed in the future to provide stronger evidence.
Blockade of the Short Form of Prolactin Receptor Induces FOXO3a/EIF-4EBP1–Mediated Cell Death in Uterine Cancer
Authors: Wen Yunfei , Wang Ying , Chelariu-Raicu Anca , Stur Elaine , Liu Yuan , Corvigno Sara , Bartsch Faith , Redfern Lauren , Zand Behrouz , Kang Yu , Liu Jinsong , Baggerly Keith , Sood Anil K.
Published: July 2020

Abnormal activity of human prolactin (PRL) and its membrane-associated receptor (PRLR) contributes to the progression of uterine carcinoma. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood, and current means of targeting the PRL/PRLR axis in uterine cancer are limited. Our integrated analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases demonstrated that a short form of PRLR (PRLR_SF) is the isoform predominantly expressed in human uterine cancers; expression of this PRLR_SF was elevated in uterine cancers in comparison with cancer-free uterine tissues. We hypothesized that the overexpression of PRLR_SF in uterine cancer cells contributes, in part, to the oncogenic activity of the PRL/PRLR axis. Next, we employed G129R, an antagonist of human PRL, to block the PRL/PRLR axis in both PTENwt and PTENmut orthotopic mouse models of uterine cancer. In comparison with control groups, treatment with G129R as monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel resulted in a significant reduction of growth and progression of orthotopic uterine tumors. Results from protein profiling of uterine cancer cells and in vivo tumors revealed a set of new downstream targets for G129R. Our results showed that G129R induced sub-G0 population arrest, decreased nascent protein synthesis, and initiated FOXO3a/EIF-4EBP1–mediated cell death in both PTENwt and PTENmut uterine cancer cells. Collectively, our results show a unique pattern of PRLR_SF expression predominantly in uterine cancer. Moreover, FOXO3a and EIF-4EBP1 are important mediators of cell death following G129R treatment in uterine cancer models.
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Ovarian Tumors: Is Fertility or Endocrine-Sparing Surgery an Option upon Relapse?
Authors: Seidler Stéphanie J. , Huber Alexandre , Nef James , Huber Daniela E.
Published: July 2020

Sertoli-Leydig cell ovarian tumors (SLCT) are rare ovarian tumors of the sex cord-stroma subset. Their incidence peaks in the second to third decade of life. Most SCLT are diagnosed at an early stage and have a good prognosis. Fertility-sparing surgery may thus be offered. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be indicated according to prognostic factors. However, outcome in relapsing SLCT is poor. There is no evidence supporting a best treatment option upon relapse, but most publications combine radical surgery, chemotherapy, and rarely radiotherapy. Two years after left adnexectomy for FIGO IA SLCT, a now 22-year-old patient presented with peritoneal recurrence without involvement of the remaining ovary and uterus. Since there is no evidence of a survival benefit in the literature of macroscopically healthy contralateral ovary ablation in relapse and hormonal replacement therapy is contraindicative, we consented to endocrine-sparing surgery with conservation of the contralateral ovary, followed by 3 cycles of BEP chemotherapy regimen. Our patient is disease-free 16 months after relapse diagnosis. Since recurrence of SLCT has a very poor prognosis and hormonal treatment is contraindicated, endocrine-sparing surgery for young patients with a normal contralateral ovary might be a legitimate option. This is one of the first reported cases of conservative surgery in SLCT recurrence, we therefore aimed to illustrate its management in a young patient with considerations of contraception, fertility- and then endocrine-sparing surgery, and quality of life.
Survival Outcomes by Fetal Weight Discordance after Laser Surgery for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Complicated by Donor Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Gabby Lauryn C. , Chon Andrew H. , Korst Lisa M. , Llanes Arlyn , Miller David A. , Chmait Ramen H.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Management options for treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) with severe donor intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) include fetoscopic laser surgery and umbilical cord occlusion (UCO). We studied perinatal survival outcomes in this select group after laser surgery, stratifying patients by preoperative estimated fetal weight (EFW) discordance. Methods: In this retrospective study of monochorionic diamniotic twin gestations with TTTS and selective donor IUGR who underwent laser surgery (2006–2017), preoperative EFW discordance was calculated ([(larger twin – smaller twin)/(larger twin)] × 100) and cases were divided into discordance strata. Severe EFW discordance was defined as >35%. The primary outcome was 30-day donor twin neonatal survival. Results: The 371 cases were distributed by discordance strata: ≤20% (74 [19.9%]), 21–25% (49 [13.2%]), 26–30% (68 [18.3%]), 31–35% (53 [14.3%]), 36–40% (51 [13.7%]), 41–45% (38 [10.2%]), >45% (38 [10.2%]). Donor 30-day survival declined as the discordance strata increased: 86.5, 85.7, 83.8, 75.5, 64.7, 63.2, and 65.8% (p = 0.0046); 30-day survival was inversely associated with severe discordance (>35%) (64.6 vs. 83.2%, p < 0.0001). Discussion: In TTTS cases complicated by donor IUGR with severe growth discordance, laser surgery was associated with donor survivorship greater than 60% suggesting that, in this setting, laser surgery remains a reasonable alternative treatment to UCO.
Proenkephalin: A New Biomarker for Glomerular Filtration Rate and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Khorashadi Mina , Beunders Remi , Pickkers Peter , Legrand Matthieu
Published: July 2020

Assessment of kidney function is primarily based on urine output and Creatinine (Cr)-based methods to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The latter is confounded as Cr is not exclusively filtered by the kidney and rises relatively late after the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI). This leads to delays in recognition of reduced kidney function and diagnosis of AKI, particularly in critically ill patients where kidney function can change rapidly. The gold standard methods of GFR determination, such as inulin or iohexol clearance, are labor intensive and unfeasible in acute clinical settings. Proenkephalin A 119–159 (PENK) has been intensively studied as a novel biomarker of kidney function. PENK belongs to the enkephalin peptide family and is freely filtrated in the glomerulus. Plasma PENK concentration appears to correlate strongly with GFR. Moreover, increased plasma PENK concentrations are found to be associated with long-term kidney outcomes and mortality. In this review, we summarize the role of PENK in assessment of kidney function and its capacity to predict various clinical outcomes.
Digest the Sugar, Kill the Parasite: A New Experimental Concept in Treating Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Wang Junhua , von Gunten Stephan , Beldi Guido , Grandgirard Denis , Leib Stephen L. , Gottstein Bruno
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The E. multilocularis laminated layer (LL) is a heavily glycosylated parasitic structure that plays an important role in protecting the larval stage (metacestode) of this parasite from physiological and immunological host reactions. We elaborated an experimental design with the idea to modify the (glycan) surface of the LL by a targeted digestion. This should allow the host defense to more easily recognize and attack (or kill) the parasite by immune-mediated effects. Methods: Experimentally, E. multilocularis (clone H95) metacestodes were cultured in vitro with or without addition of α1-3,4,6-galactosidase or β1-3-galactosidase in the medium. Morphological changes were subsequently measured by microscopy at different time points. Parasites were then recovered at day 5 and reinjected into mice for assessing their viability and infectious status. For finally recovered parasites, the respective load was assessed ex vivo by wet weight measurement, and host-related PD1 and IL-10 levels were determined as the key immunoregulators by using flow cytometry. Results: Our experiments demonstrated that the parasite vesicular structure can be directly destroyed by adding galactosidases into the in vitro culture system, resulting in the fact that the parasite metacestode vesicles could not anymore infect and develop in mice after this glycan digestion. Moreover, when compared to the mice inoculated with E. multilocularis metacestode without galactosidases, PD1 expression was upregulated in CD4+ Teffs from mice inoculated with E. multilocularis metacestode pretreated with β1-3-galactosidase, with a lower IL-10 secretion from CD4+ Teffs; there was no difference of PD1 and IL-10 expression levels regarding CD4+ Teff from mice inoculated with E. multilocularis metacestode pretreated with α1-3,4,6-galac­tosidase. Discussion: We raised our hypothesis that this “aborting” effect may be linked to an altered PD1 and IL-10 response fine-tuning between immunopathology and immune protection. These findings justify a continuation of these experiments upon therapeutical in vivo administration of the enzymes.
Parkinson’s Disease-Related Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms in the Lancaster Amish
Authors: Goldenberg Michael D.F. , Huang Xuemei , Chen Honglei , Kong Lan , Postolache Teodor T. , Stiller John W. , Ryan Katherine A. , Pavlovich Mary , Pollin Toni I. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Mailman Richard B. , Mitchell Braxton D.
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Previous research has suggested that the Amish may experience a relatively high prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and/or parkinsonian motor signs. Methods: In a large sample from the Amish community in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, age ≥18 years, we assessed the prevalence of self-reported PD diagnosis. For those without self-reported PD diagnosis, we assessed the frequency of PD-related motor symptoms using a 9-item questionnaire that was designed by the PD Epidemiology Research Group. Lastly, we queried study participants for the presence of 2 nonmotor symptoms that have been commonly linked to PD: bowel movement frequency and daytime sleepiness. Results: Among 2,025 subjects who answered the PD questionnaire, 430 were older than 60 years. Of 430 participants ≥60 years, 5 (1.2%) reported a PD diagnosis. Of those without a PD diagnosis, 10.5% reported ≥1 and 1.2% ≥ 4 motor symptoms for the 9-item PD screening questionnaire. Of the 3,789 subjects who answered the question about bowel movement frequency, 0.7% reported ≤3 bowel movements per week. Among 1,710 subjects who answered the question about daytime sleepiness, 8.1% of the participants reported “always” sleepy during the day. Discussion: These data neither support a markedly higher PD prevalence in the older Lancaster Amish nor do they show dramatically higher motor and/or selected nonmotor symptoms than the general population. Future studies that employ more rigorous procedures for case identification and PD-specific preclinical symptoms/tests are needed to determine the potential differences and similarities among different Amish populations and between Amish and non-Amish populations.
Stadium III Melanom: Können immunologische Nebenwirkungen ein gutes Zeichen sein?
Authors: Maschke Jan
Published: July 2020

Alexander Eggermont und Mitarbeiter haben die EORTC 1325/KEYNOTE-054 Studie [1] als Ausgangspunkt für weitere Untersuchungen gewählt. Sie gingen der Frage nach, ob das tumorfreie Überleben (relaps-free survival, RFS) bei Stadium III Melanom Patienten vom Auftreten immunologisch vermittelter unerwünschter Nebenwirkungen (immun-related adverse events, irAE) beeinflusst wird. Die EORTC 1325/KEYNOT-054 Studie vergleicht die Therapie mit dem Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitor (ICI) Pembrolizumab (Pem) zu Placebo. Eingeschlossen wurden nicht vorbehandelte Patienten im Stadium III (AJCC 2009) ohne bekannte Autoimmunerkrankungen, die mindestens eine Mikrometastase von 1mm Durchmesser im Sentinel-Lymphknoten hatten, eine komplettierende regionäre Lymphadenektomie erhalten hatten und bei Studieneinschluss tumorfrei waren. Pembrolizumab (200mg) wurde i.v. alle 3 Wochen für maximal 18 Gaben verabreicht. Von 1011 Patienten begannen 509 mit Pem und 505 mit Placebo , wobei Alter, Body-Mass-Index, Tumorstadien (IIIA, IIIB und IIIC), BRAF-Mutationsstatus und PD-L1 Expression in den Gruppen ohne signifikante Unterschiede waren [1]. Die irAE wurden in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt: 1.) endokrine AE (Hypo- oder Hyperthyreoidismus, Thyreoiditis, Hypophysitis, Diabetes mellitus Typ I, Niereninsuffizienz), 2.) Vitiligo und 3.) alle irAE (endokrine AE, Pneumonitis/interstitielle Lungenerkrankung, Sarcoidose, Vitiligo, schwere Hautreaktionen, Kolitis, Pankreatitis, Hepatitis, Nephritis, Uveitis, Myositis oder Myocarditis). Verschiedene statistische Rechenmodelle (z.B. Cox Regressionsmethode mit ergänzenden zeitvariablen Indikatoren) wurden zur Abschätzung der Assoziation vom Auftreten von irAE und RFS bei Patienten im Pem- und Placebo-Arm sowie zur Betrachtung des Einflusses einer systemischen Steroidgabe auf die Zielvariablen verwendet.