bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Types of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on Circulating Monocytes Structure
Authors: Vettori Marco , Dima Francesco , Henry Brandon Michael , Carpenè Giovanni , Gelati Matteo , Celegon Giovanni , Salvagno Gianluca , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

Background: This study investigated the biological effects on circulating monocytes after challenge with SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein. Methods: Whole blood collected form seven ostensibly healthy healthcare workers was incubated for 15 min with 2 and 20 ng/mL recombinant spike protein of Ancestral, Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants. Samples were analyzed with Sysmex XN and DI-60 analyzers. Results: Cellular complexity (i.e., presence of granules, vacuoles and other cytoplasmic inclusions) increased in all samples challenged with the recombinant spike protein of Ancestral, Alpha and Delta variants, but not in those containing Omicron. The cellular content of nucleic acids was constantly decreased in most samples, achieving statistical significance in those containing 20 ng/mL of Alpha and Delta recombinant spike proteins. The heterogeneity of monocyte volumes significantly increased in all samples, achieving statistical significance in those containing 20 ng/mL of recombinant spike protein of Ancestral, Alpha and Delta variants. The monocyte morphological abnormalities after spike protein challenge included dysmorphia, granulation, intense vacuolization, platelet phagocytosis, development of aberrant nuclei and cytoplasmic extrusions. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein triggers important monocyte morphological abnormalities, more evident in cells challenged with spike protein of the more clinically severe Alpha and Delta variants.
The European DEMO HCPB Breeding Blanket: Design Status at the End of Pre-Concept Design Phase
Authors: Zhou Guangming , Hernández Francisco Alberto , Pereslavtsev Pavel , Kiss Béla , Retheesh Anoop , Maqueda Luis , Park Jin Hun
Published: April 2023

Significant design efforts were undertaken during the Pre-Concept Design (PCD) phase of the European DEMO programme to optimize the Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) breeding blanket. A Gate Review was conducted for the entire European DEMO programme at the conclusion of the PCD phase. This article presents a summary of the design evolution and the rationale behind the HCPB breeding blanket concept for the European DEMO. The main performance metrics, including nuclear, thermal hydraulics, thermal mechanical, and tritium permeation behaviors, are reported. These figures demonstrate that the HCPB breeding blanket is a highly effective tritium-breeding and robust driver blanket concept for the European DEMO. In addition, three alternative concepts of interest were explored. Furthermore, this article outlines the upcoming design and R&D activities for the HCPB breeding blanket during the Concept Design phase (2021-2027).
Role of point of care diagnostics in Lower-and Middle-income countries and austere environments
Authors: Ganchi Feroz Abubaker , Hardcastle Timothy Craig
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Austere environments include the wilderness and many lower-and-middle-income countries, many of these facing unrest and war. The access to advanced diagnostic equipment is often unaffordable even if available and is often liable to breakdown. This short review paper examines the options available to medical professionals to undertake clinical and point of care diagnostic testing in resource constrained environments and also illustrates the development of mobile advanced diagnostic equipment. The aim is to provide an overview of the spectrum and functionality of these devices beyond clinical acumen.
Sex Specificities of Human Placental Adaptive Changes: The Influence of Maternal Obesity
Authors: Dos Santos Esther , Hita Hernandez Marta , Sérazin Valérie , Vialard François , Dieudonné Marie-Noëlle
Published: April 2023

Maternal obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality rates in both mothers and children. As the interface between the mother and fetus, the placenta has mediates the impact of the maternal environment on fetal development. Most of the literature data on the effects of maternal obesity on placental functions do not exclude potential confounding factors like metabolic diseases (e.g. gestational diabetes). Moreover, it is now clear that the placental response to maternal environment depends on the fetal sex. In this context, we reviewed how maternal obesity (in the absence of gestational diabetes) affects the human placenta in terms of (i) endocrine function, (ii) morphological characteristics, (iii) nutrient exchanges and metabolism, (iv) inflammatory/immune status, (v) oxidative stress, and (vi) transcriptome, with a focus on fetal sex specificities. A better understanding of sex-specific placental responses to maternal obesity is crucial for improving pregnancy outcomes and the health of mothers and children.
Assessment of Lipid Balance Parameters after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in 1-Year Observation
Authors: Pawłuszewicz Patrycja , Wojciak Paweł Andrzej , Łukaszewicz Aleksander , Chilmonczyk Jan , Ładny Jerzy Robert , Nadolny Arkadiusz , Razak Hady Hady
Published: April 2023

Introduction Currently, the increase in the percentage of obese people observed along with the development of civilization, reaching the level of a global pandemic, has forced the search for methods of effective and permanent obesity treatment. Obesity is a multifactorial disease, it coexists with many disease entities and requires multidisciplinary treatment. Obesity leads to metabolic changes in the form of metabolic syndrome, which includes, among others, atherogenic dyslipidemia. The proven relationship between dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk enforces the need to effectively improve the lipid profile of obese patients. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a method of surgical treatment of morbid obesity which improves bariatric and metabolic parameters. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in improving lipid profile parameters in 1-year follow-up. Material and Methods Bariatric parameters of 196 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as well as lipid profile of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), non-NDL, and triglycerides (TG) in 1-year observation were analyzed. Results Improvements in bariatric parameters were observed in patients after LSG. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and non-HDL levels decrease were observed along with the increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. Conclusions Sleeve gastrectomy is an effective method of treating obesity and improving the lipid profile in obese patients.
Classical Solutions for the Generalized Kawahara-KdV System
Authors: Georgiev S. , Boukarou A. , Bouhali K. , Zennir Kh. , Elkhair H. , Hassan E. , Alfedeel A. , Alarfaj A.
Published: April 2023

In this article we investigate the generalized Kawahara-KdV system. A new topological approach is applied to prove the existence of at least one classical solution and at least two nonnegative classical solutions. The arguments are based upon recent theoretical results.
Non-Standard and Null Lagrangians for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and their Role in Population Dynamics
Authors: Pham Diana T. , Musielak Zdzislaw E.
Published: April 2023

Non-standard Lagrangians do not display any discernible energy-like terms, yet they give the same equations of motion as standard Lagrangians, which have easily identifiable energy-like terms. A new method to derive non-standard Lagrangians for second-order nonlinear differential equations with damping is developed and the limitations of this method are explored. It is shown that the limitations do not exist only for those nonlinear dynamical systems that can be converted into linear ones. The obtained results are applied to selected population dynamics models for which non-standard Lagrangians and their corresponding null Lagrangians and gauge functions are derived, and their roles in the population dynamics are discussed.
Physiological Activity of Trace Element Germanium Including Anticancer Properties
Authors: Menchikov Leonid G. , Popov Anatoliy V.
Published: April 2023

Germanium is an essential microelement, and its deficiency can result in numerous diseases, particularly oncogenic conditions. Consequently, water-soluble germanium compounds, including inorganic and coordination compounds, have attracted significant attention due to their biological activity. The review analyzes the primary research from the last decade related to the anticancer activity of germanium compounds. Furthermore, the review clarifies their actual toxicity, identifies errors and misconceptions that have contributed to the discrediting of their biological activity, and suggests a putative mechanism of germanium-mediated protection from oxidative stress. Finally, the review provides clarifications on the discovery history of water-soluble organic germanium compounds, which was distorted and hushed up for a long time.
Transoral Marsupialization of an Isolated Surgical Ciliated Cyst of the Infratemporal Fossa
Authors: Kwack Da-Woon , Yoon Jooha , Park Hae-Seo , Lee Jung-Hwan , Kim Moon-Young
Published: April 2023

Surgical ciliated cysts occur primarily in the maxilla after radical maxillary sinus surgery. We report a first case of a surgical ciliated cyst that developed in the infratemporal fossa 25 years after the patient sustained severe facial trauma. The patient complained of mandibular pain and limited mouth opening. The patient’s condition was completely resolved 5 months after marsupialization via Le Fort I osteotomy. Surgical morbidities can be minimized by proper diagnosis and less invasive surgery.
Evaluation of Introgressed Lines of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Contrasting Water Treatments
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Mubashar , Rauf Saeed , Noor Muqadas , Bibi Amir , Ortiz Rodomiro , Dahlberg Jeffery A.
Published: April 2023

Drought stress is a major production constraint in crops globally. Crop wild relatives are important source of resistance and tolerance for both biotic and abiotic stresses, respectively. A breeding program was initiated to introgress drought tolerance in sunflower through hybridization between the wild species Helianthus argophyllus and the cultigen pool of H. annuus. Selection was carried out in the F2 to F5 segregating populations for high cuticular waxes, smaller leaf area, single heading and high oil content. The selected F5 breeding lines were compared with non-adapted elite sunflower germplasm in a replicated randomized complete block research project using different water treatments comparing fully irrigated (T0), with 75 (T1), 50 (T2) and 25% (T3) irrigation treatments. The comparison between the two types of germplasm showed that drought tolerant breeding lines had comparatively lesser decreases in leaf area, shoot weight and root shoot ratio 10 under the various drought treatments. Leaf area of the drought selected F5 lines were smaller than that of the elite germplasm under controlled irrigated treatments, but they maintained their leaf area under the drought treatments. Several drought resistant promising lines D-2, D-5, and D-27 were identified and showed high leaf area, great root length and increase root to shoot ratio under the highest stressed treatments (T3). Some of the lines could be directly used for the development of drought tolerant hybrids. Combining ability test indicated D-27 (F7) as good general combiner for seed yield plant−1 and oil contents when mated with male line RSIN.82. These hybrids could help to minimize seed yield losses due to water stress and to achieve profitable cultivation of sunflower in 18 arid regions of Pakistan.
West African Goliath Groupers: Where are they between Senegal and Angola?
Authors: Barreiros João Pedro
Published: April 2023

The Atlantic Goliath Grouper Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) is thought to occur on both sides of the Atlantic, from the Carolinas (USA) to Brazil in the western Atlantic, and from North Senegal to North Angola off West Africa in the eastern Atlantic. While there are fairly good data on their distribution in the western Atlantic, genetic verification of species status, confirmed occurrences, population status, fishing reports, and trade data are almost non-existent off West Africa. Part of the problem is that tropical West African countries lack a network of marine reserves that might protect this species. Add to this destruction of mangrove forests and other coastal habitats on which the species depends when in the post-larval and juvenile stages coupled heavy pollution and intense overfishing and it becomes clear that their survival is deeply threatened. The focus of this paper is to describe all of the known historical data and examine all current data to better evaluate their present status.
Methyl Jasmonate Has Different Effect on the Growth and For-Mation of C13- and C14-Hydroxylated Taxoids in the Cell Culture of Yew (Taxus wallichiana Zucc.) of Different Age
Authors: Demidova Elena V. , Globa Elena B. , Klushin Andrey , Kochkin Dmitry , Nosov Alexander Mikhaylovich
Published: April 2023

The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) on growth and taxoid formation in the cell culture of Himalayan yew was investigated for elucidate the specifics of the action of phytohormones on dedifferentiated plant cells in vitro. The characteristics of the same suspension culture of Taxus wallichiana was compared in 2017 ("young culture") and in 2022 ("old culture") - 1.5 or 6 years after culture induction, respectively. Cells were grown in flasks and bioreactors, MeJ (100 µM) was added at the exponential growth phase. It was found that cell culture demonstrated good growth (dry weight (DW) accumulation 10–18 g/l, specific growth rate µ = 0.15–0.35 day-1) regardless of "age", cultivation system and MeJ addition. UPLC–ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of C14-hydroxylated taxoids (yunnanxane, taxuyunnanine C, sinenxane C, sinenxane B) in cell biomass in the amounts comparable to plants. The content of C14-OH taxoids during 5 years of cultivation increased by 3-5 times. It was 0.2–1.6 mg/g DW for "young culture” and 0.6-10.1 mg/g for “old culture” depending on cultivation conditions. The ratio of individual compounds changed also: in the "young culture" was predominant yunnanxane, in the "old culture" - sinenxane C. Important that C13-hydroxylated taxoids were found in trace amounts only in the "young culture” (below 0.05 mg/g DW) and were not detected in the "old culture”. The response to MeJ was radically different depending on culture’s «age». In the “young culture”, exogenous MeJ had no effect on the content of C14-OH com-pounds, but significantly (almost 10 times) increased the content of C13-OH compounds. In particular, paclitaxel concentration was elevated up to 0.12–0.19 mg/g DW, which is comparable to its content in the bark of yew trees. By contrast, MeJ added to the "old culture” had minor effect on the synthesis of C13-OH toxoids that appeared in trace amounts only (below 3.5 µg/g DW for paclitaxel) but notably increased the content of C14-OH compounds (1.5–2.0 times in flasks and 5–8 times in bioreactors). These findings suggest that hormonal signaling in dedifferentiated yew cells grown in vitro is different from that in plants and change with culture age. This might be a result of the high level of heterogeneity of cells in vitro and their constant auto-selection for proliferate intensity which leads to predominant formation of C14-OH taxoids versus C13-OH taxoids and modified cell response to exogenous MeJ treatment. These results have both fundamental and practical biotechnological application.
Optimized FACTS Devices for Power System Enhancement: Applications and Solving Methods
Authors: Marouani Ismail , Guesmi Tawfik , Alshammari Badr M. , Alqunun Khalid , Alshammari Ahmed S. , Albadran Saleh , Abdallah Hsan Hadj , Rahmani Salem
Published: April 2023

Using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices in power systems while adhering to some equality and inequality constraints, researchers around the world sought to address this issue with the objectives of improving the voltage profile, reducing power losses in transmission lines, and increasing system reliability and safety. The recent development of FACTS controllers opens up new perspectives for safer and more efficient operation of electrical power networks by continuous and rapid action on power systems parameters, such as phase angle shifting, voltage injection and line impedance compensation. Thus, an improvement on voltage profile and enhancement of power transfer capability can be obtained. It is for that, the idea behind the FACTS concept is to enable the transmission system to be an active element in increasing the flexibility of power transfer requirements and in securing stability of integrated power system. It may also be effective in transient stability improvement, power oscillations damping and balancing power flow in parallel lines. The primary issue that has significantly piqued the interest of a number of researchers working in this field is the FACTS optimization problem, which involves determining the optimal type, location, and size of FACTS devices in electrical power systems. For solving this mixed integer, nonlinear and non-convex optimization problem, this paper provides an in-depth and comprehensive review of the various optimization techniques covered in published works in the field. In this review, a classification of optimization techniques in five main groups that are widely used, such as classical optimization techniques or conventional optimization approaches, Meta heuristic methods, analytic methods or sensitive index methods and mixed or hybrid methods, is summarized. In addition, a performance descriptions and comparison of these different optimization techniques are discussed in this study. Finally, some advice is offered for future research in this field.
Disability Related Costs of Children With Disabilities in the Philippines
Authors: Carraro Ludovico , Robinson Alex , Hakeem Bilal , Manlapaz Abner , Agcaoili Rosela
Published: April 2023

The assessment of disability related costs among children remains a largely under-researched subject with related questions rarely included in surveys. This paper addresses this issue through a unique mixed methods study conducted in the Philippines combining a nationally representative survey and in-depth interviews with families and health professionals. To quantify the extra costs associated with disability the research used the standard of living approach, whereby expenditure levels of families with children with and without disabilities are compared in relation to different measures of living standards. The results find consistent evidence of high extra costs among households that have children with disabilities and point to health expenses as the leading source. Using an asset index as the indicator of living standards, a child with disability is estimated to require between 40 and 80% extra expenditure to reach the same living standard of other children. However, the size of extra costs is substantially higher when the measure of standard of living relies on a broader set of deprivations. In such cases, higher estimates of extra costs are likely to be the result of the lack of an inclusive environment. Critically, this points to the need not only to provide financial support, but also inclusive services, especially in health and education.
Schiff Bases Functionalized With T-Butyl Groups As Adequate Ligands to Extended Assembly of Cu(II) Helicates
Authors: Fernández-Fariña Sandra , Velo-Heleno Isabel , Martínez-Calvo Miguel , Maneiro Marcelino , Rivadulla Francisco , Pedrido Rosa , González-Noya Ana M.
Published: April 2023

The study of the inherent factors that influence the isolation of one type of metallosupramolecular architecture over another is one of the main objectives in the field of Metallosupramolecular Chemistry. In this work, we report two new neutral copper(II) helicates, [Cu2(L1)2]·4CH3CN and [Cu2(L2)2]·CH3CN, obtained by means of an electrochemical methodology and derived from two Schiff-based strands functionalized with ortho- and para-t-butyl groups on the aromatic surface. These small modifications let us to explore the relationship between the ligand design and the structure of the extended metallosupramolecular architecture. The magnetic properties of the Cu(II) helicates were explored by EPR spectroscopy and DC magnetic susceptibility measurements.
Analysis of the thermal state of the electromagnetic mill inductor with oil cooling in stationary operation modes
Authors: Milykh V. I. , Shaida V. Р. , Yurieva O. Yu.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. An electromagnetic mill (EMM) for the technological processing of various substances, which is based on the stator of a three-phase induction motor, is being studied. The stator winding has an increased current density, so the mill is provided with a system of forced cooling with transformer oil. Problem. Currently, there are no works on the thermal state calculation of the EMM with the given design and oil cooling. Therefore, the study of such EMMs thermal state is relevant, as it will contribute to increasing the reliability and efficiency of their work. Goal. Formation of a mathematical model of the thermal state of the electromagnetic mill inductor and the analysis of its heating in stationary modes of operation with cooling by transformer oil. Methodology. The problem of calculating the thermal state, namely the temperature distribution in the main parts of the electromagnetic mill, is solved by the equivalent thermal resistance circuit method. The design of the EMM is provided in a sufficiently complete volume, and on this basis, a corresponding equivalent thermal replacement circuit is formed, which is supplemented by an equivalent hydraulic circuit of oil passageways. An explanation is provided for the composition and solution of the equations algebraic system that describes the distribution of temperatures by the constituent elements of the EMM. Results. The thermal calculation results of the electromagnetic mill showed that the maximum heating temperature is much lower than the allowable one for the selected insulation class. According to the hydraulic scheme, the necessary oil consumption, its average speed and the corresponding pressure at the inlet of the intake pipe are determined, which are at an acceptable level. It is noted that the rather moderate temperature state of the inductor and the hydraulic parameters of the oil path are facilitated by such innovations in the design of the EMM as the loop double layer short chorded winding and axial ventilation channels in the stator core. Originality. Now EMM thermal equivalent circuits with air cooling only have been presented. Therefore, the developed thermal circuit of the oil-cooled inductor is new and makes it possible to evaluate the operating modes of the EMM. Practical value. The proposed technical solutions can be recommended for practical implementation in other EMMs. Taking into account the identified reserves of the EMM temperature state, a forecast was made regarding the transition from its oil cooling to air cooling. But the use of air cooling requires a change in the design of the EMM.
Field programmable gate array hardware in the loop validation of fuzzy direct torque control for induction machine drive
Authors: Aib A. , Khodja D. E. , Chakroune S.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Currently, the direct torque control is very popular in industry and is of great interest to scientists in the variable speed drive of asynchronous machines. This technique provides decoupling between torque control and flux without the need to use pulse width modulation or coordinate transformation. Nevertheless, this command presents two major importunities: the switching frequency is highly variable on the one hand, and on the other hand, the amplitude of the torque and stator flux ripples remain poorly controlled throughout the considered operating speed range. The novelty of this article proposes improvements in performance of direct torque control of asynchronous machines by development of a fuzzy direct torque control algorithm. This latter makes it possible to provide solutions to the major problems of this control technique, namely: torque ripples, flux ripples, and failure to control switching frequency. Purpose. The emergence of this method has given rise to various works whose objective is to show its performance, or to provide solutions to its limitations. Indeed, this work consists in validation of a fuzzy direct torque control architecture implemented on the ML402 development kit (based on the Xilinx Virtex-4 type field programmable gate array circuit), through hardware description language (VHDL) and Xilinx generator system. The obtained results showed the robustness of the control and sensorless in front of load and parameters variation of induction motor control. The research directions of the model were determined for the subsequent implementation of results with simulation samples.
Energy characteristics for nanosecond current interrupter of semiconductor-magnetic pulse generator’s terminal stage
Authors: Khrysto O. I.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. A semiconductor diode based on reverse current interruption is used to increase a pulse amplitude and peak power delivered on the process load. Usually, a current interrupter is located in the last stage of semiconductor-magnetic pulse generator (SMPG) and is connected in parallel to the load. Problem. Most of publications on this topic mostly concern with analysis of physical processes in the diode structure itself within its oscillating circuit, which is separated from previous SMPG’s pulse compression stages under condition of unidirectional energy transfer from the generator to the load. In this sense, the efficiency of conversion should be determined by the joint of electromagnetic interaction between non-linear compression stages, current interrupter and process load. Goal. Develop a mathematical model of nanosecond current interrupter to determine its electrical and energy characteristics as part of a high-voltage parallel circuit with magnetic pulse compression, depending on the duration and moment of current interruption, the equivalent circuit for load resistance, and to set the most optimal modes of its operation. Methodology. In this work, it is proposed to use a comprehensive approach aimed at the study of electromagnetic processes in the SMPG circuit with a nanosecond current interrupter, which takes into account the topology of circuit, the design parameters of switching reactor, the magnetization curve, the equivalent load resistance, as well as the time parameters of power switches. Results. Analytical expressions describing the electrical and energy characteristics of the interrupter when it operating on the active load are obtained. A numerical simulation of interrupter in the SMPG’s double-loop pumping circuit is carried out, taking into account a nonlinearity of SR’s magnetization curve. Three operation modes of interrupter is described, depending on the initial moment of reverse conduction current interruption. The analysis of interrupter operation on the load with an active-capacitive component is carried out. Practical meaning. The results of the research can be applied in the development of high-voltage SMPG scheme with improved energy-dynamic parameters.
The Development of Kansei-Based Work Events Scale
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Ibrahim Nor Hafizah , Makhbul Zafir Khan Mohamed , Ayob Abu Hanifah , Lokman Anitawati Mohd ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA
Published: April 2023

Research Aims: This research aims to discover work events that influence employees’ emotional states to construct a more comprehensive Kansei-based work events scale. Design/Methodology/Approach: A mixed-method approach was adopted by combining qualitative and quantitative techniques in an Exploratory Sequential Design. Research Findings: In study 1, the Kawakita Jiro (KJ) method (i.e., focus group study) (N = 28) identified four (4) categories of work events (i.e., interpersonal, task-related, organisational policies, and infrastructure and facilities). A new category, career development, was also discovered through this qualitative inquiry. Study 2 (N = 152) and Study 3 (N = 537), which used a quantitative approach, demonstrated that negative and positive emotional experiences are strongly linked to interpersonal and task-related events. This result further indicates that the scale is reliable for measuring emotional experiences at work. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The study captured micro and macro work events using the Kansei Engineering approach, allowing for a better understanding of emotional experiences at work. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian Context: Strategies to promote positive events and prevent negative ones through routine practices and long-term plans relevant to the South East Asian context are discussed and presented in this paper. Research Limitation & Implications: Some limitations should be considered, such as cross-sectional design, lack of investigation on other Affective Events Theory (AET) factors, and the focus on non-academic staff from public universities. Future research could expand upon this study by using a longitudinal design, a diverse sample, and additional AET factors. Keywords: Work Events, Positive Events, Negative Events, Emotions, Kansei Engineering, Kawakita Jiro Method
Antecedents and Outcome of Trainees’ Motivation: Evident from South East Asia
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Mohamad Nur Izzaty , Ismail Azman ,   Suleyman Demirel University, Rahman Ishak Abd ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Tunca Mustafa Zihni , Pusparini Elok Savitri ,   Universitas Indonesia, Rino Rino ,   Universitas Negeri Padang
Published: April 2023

Research Aims: This study examines the effect of training content on trainee outcomes and the mediating role of trainees’ motivation in the relationship between training content and organisational citizenship behaviour. Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional research design was employed to collect 320 survey questionnaires from employees at the Malaysian federal government’s central agencies in Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory. The SmartPLS software programme was utilised to assess the quality of the instrument and subsequently test the hypotheses. Research Findings: The results demonstrate that training content significantly determines trainee outcomes. Trainees’ learning motivation significantly mediates the relationship between training content and organisational citizenship behaviour. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study reveals that training motivation mediates the relationship between training content and organisational citizenship behaviour in the organisational sample. This finding supports and broadens previous studies conducted in South East Asian and other countries. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian context: The study findings can assist managers in understanding different paradigms of trainees’ motivation construct and formulate employee-oriented training instructions to maintain and upgrade organisational sustainability. Research Limitation & Implications: This study has certain methodological and conceptual limitations that must be addressed in future research to strengthen its findings. Keywords: Malaysian federal government’s central agencies, organisational citizenship behaviour, SmartPLS, trainees’ motivation, training content
Optimization of Process Parameters for Precise Corner Accuracy in Wire Electric Discharge Machining of AISI D2 Tool Steel
Authors: ali sohail , Ali Liaqat , Imran Syed Hussain , Khan Wajid Ali , Ali Hasnain
Published: April 2023

This research is carried out to explore the effect of machining (WEDM) parameters on the corners cutting in D2 tool steel including the determination of optimum input values such as pulse on time, pulse off time, discharge gap, wire speed, and wire tension, for excellent machining performance. In the present study Taguchi technique, which uses L16 orthogonal array is utilized for the design of experiments and optimization, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and main effects plots, analysis is used to identify significant factors and their optimal values according to its level to obtain superior machining characteristics. Five process control parameters, namely, pulse on, pulse off time, discharge gap, wire feed, and wire tension are analyzed for four response parameters viz kerf width, corner error of top and bottom side of the machined profile, and surface roughness. Regression models are developed for all the WEDM responses, and main effects plots and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to analyze the notable factors influencing the kerf width, corner error top and bottom sides, and surface roughness. Pulse-on and pulse-off time, discharge gap, and wire speed have been identified as the most influential factors for kerf width, corner error, and surface roughness. It is observed that the predicted values of all the performance measures from regression models are within 95% confidence intervals compared to experimental results of all the response variables, so the predicted regression equations of all response values are useful to estimate the machining performance of WEDM processes. The WEDM machined surface of selected workpieces is analyzed with the help of an optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM), coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental composition, resolidified region, micro-cracks, craters, heat-affected zone, and white layer, are observed on the machined surface at different magnification.
Development of a Behaviour Change Intervention to promote latrine use and reduce open defecation in rural India
Authors: Talat Usman , Ravenscroft Luke , Vlaev Ivo
Published: April 2023

Objectives Conduct a formative research and feasibility evaluation of behavioural intervention designed to improve latrine use in rural India.Methods Study conducted in four villages of Rajasthan, where latrine use is low and open defecation may spread disease. To identify the intervention, we conducted a literature review, a survey of 497 households, focus groups in village households (8–10 women and children). We also conducted seven focus groups with 63 women. Based on the survey results, we developed behaviour change intervention utilising on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-behaviour model and MINDSPACE framework. One intervention component involves psychological aspects that engage villagers through a pledge; the other component is provision of small incentives to facilitate latrine use. We also examined whether our intervention is feasible and acceptable in our study population. We delivered the 30-day intervention to women in 38 randomly selected households who despite having a functional latrine did not use it. Post-intervention, we obtained feedback from 22 participating households.Results Analysis involved thematic analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and feasibility evaluation of the intervention. We found the piloted intervention was feasible and so offer a revised design. Results driving this evaluation include barriers identified, and used to improved intervention design in the current study. Village authority figures influenced behaviours across the villages and so did factors of convenience (β = 5.28, p = 0.00), relief (β = 5.49, p = 0.00), comfort (β = 2.36, p = 0.00), Construction cost (β=-1.98, p = 0.00) and safety (β = 2.93, p = 0.01) were significant concerns associated with latrine use in the context of prevalent OD in the region. The logistic regression baseline model for the dependant variables indicated a significant increase in latrine use. Based on the feasibility study, we refined our intervention in several ways.Conclusions Our theory-driven approach improves latrine use in Rajasthan and offers a useful tool to facilitate hygiene behaviour.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Trinari Elisabetta , Noronha Noella Juliana , Papola Davide , Devji Tahira , Navarro Tamara , de Camargo Olaf Kraus , Iorio Alfonso
Published: April 2023

Background
Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) for symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or comorbid conditions are uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to determine the efficacy and safety of SSRIs in children with ASD on restricted repetitive behaviors, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and depressive symptoms, disruptive behaviors, global functioning, and quality of life.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, WHO ICTRP, Clinical.Trials.gov. to retrieve RCT of SSRIs versus placebo in children with ASD that evaluated the outcomes of interest with a validated measurement instrument. Two authors independently extracted data, assessed risk of bias and rated the certainty of evidence.
Results
Seven RCTs with a total of 606 participants were included. The evidence is very uncertain on the effect of SSRIs on restricted-repetitive behaviors and anxiety symptoms in children with ASD, there is low certainty of the evidence suggesting that SSRIs result in little to no effect on obsessive-compulsive symptoms and disruptive behaviors and there is moderate certainty of the evidence that SSRIs likely result in little to no difference in global functioning and a slight increase in adverse events. No studies evaluated depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
The number of studies on this population remains limited, and there is a lack of commonly accepted outcome measures able to identify relevant changes for patients and families.
Protocol registration number:PROSPERO-CRD42020169836
Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Factors Stimulate Chondrogenesis in vitro and Possess Protective Effects to Articular Cartilage
Authors: Uzieliene Ilona , Bialaglovyte Paulina , Miksiunas Rokas , Lebedis Ignas , Pachaleva Jolita , Vaiciuleviciute Raminta , Ramanaviciene Almira , Kvederas Giedrius , Bernotiene Eiva
Published: April 2023

Background Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with limited capacity to self-regeneration, which leads to challenges treating injuries or diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for cartilage tissue engineering, as they are capable to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells and secrete a number of active molecules important for stimulating chondrocyte anabolic pathways and modulate the metabolism of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) are the most widely used for development of cartilage tissue regeneration technologies, however, other sources of stem cells, like menstrual blood, may have advantages due to the ease of access. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of menstrual blood-derived MSC (MenSC) paracrine factors in stimulating BMMSCs chondrogenic differentiation and to investigate their role in protecting cartilage from degradation under inflammatory conditions in vitro.Methods In this study, we induced MenSCs and BMMSCs chondrogenic differentiation, using four different growth factors, important for stimulation of chondrogenesis in MSCs – transforming growth factor β-3 (TGF-β3), activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1). We stimulated chondrogenic differentiation in BMMSCs co-cultured with MenSCs or cartilage explants co-cultured with MenSCs for 21 days under inflammatory conditions. After, we evaluated chondrogenic capacity of BMMSCs in co-cultures by immunohistochemical staining, secretion of four growth factors and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, as well as measured release and synthesis of cartilage extracellular matrix proteins and gene expression in cartilage explants after co-culturing them with MenSCs.Results Our results suggest that MenSCs stimulate chondrogenic response in BMMSCs by secreting activin A and TGF-β3, and may have protective effects on cartilage tissue ECM by decreasing release of GAGs into medium, most likely through modulation of activin A related molecular pathway.Conclusion In conclusion, paracrine factors secreted by MenSCs may turn out to be a promising therapeutical approach for cartilage tissue protection and repair.
Early gestural development in high-risk infants and its value on early detection of ASD
Authors: Liu LinRu , Deng HongZhu , Ye QianYing , Xing Yu , Xu Yanting , Zhu HuiLin , Lv Shaoli , Zou XiaoBin
Published: April 2023

Background
Gesture deficit has been reported in some later-born siblings of children with ASD (HR infants). Careful observation of gesture development in the first two years of HR infants provides behavioral indicators of ASD's early detection.
Methods
This study enrolled 46 HR infants and 27 infants as a control group to explore HR infants' atypical developmental trajectories of gestures and gestures' predictive value of ASD's early detection. We evaluated gestures during 9–19 months. We conduct Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule assessment at 18–19 months.
Results
The HR group's developmental speed of JA gestures was lower than that of the LR group, and the trajectories of the two groups began to diverge at 14–18 months. Infants who reached the cutoff point for ASD showed insufficient gesture integrated with eye contact(G-E gestures), insufficient gesture integrated with any two communication skills(G-M gestures) at 15–16 months, and insufficient overall gestures, insufficient G-E gestures at 18–19 months.
Conclusions
The developmental trajectories of JA gestures of HR infants were different from LR infants. Overall gestures, G-E gestures, and G-M gestures were potential indicators of ASD's early detection.
Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier ChiCTR1900020791.
Correlated order at the tipping point in the kagome metal CsV3Sb5
Authors: Guo Chunyu , Wagner Glenn , Putzke Carsten , Chen Dong , Wang Kaize , Zhang Ling , Gutierrez-Amigo Martin , Errea Ion , Vergniory Maia , Felser Claudia , Fischer Mark , Neupert Titus , Moll Philip
Published: April 2023

Spontaneously broken symmetries are at the heart of many phenomena of quantum matter and physics more generally. However, determining the exact symmetries broken can be challenging due to imperfections such as strain, in particular when multiple electronic orders form complex interactions. This is exemplified by charge order in some kagome systems, which are speculated to show nematicity and flux order from orbital currents. We fabricated highly symmetric samples of a member of this family, CsV3Sb5, and measured their transport properties. We find the absence of measurable anisotropy at any temperature in the unperturbed material, however, a striking in-plane transport anisotropy appears when either weak magnetic fields or strains are present. A symmetry analysis indicates that a perpendicular magnetic field can indeed lead to in-plane anisotropy by inducing a flux order coexisting with more conventional bond order. Our results provide a unifying picture for the controversial charge order in kagome metals and highlight the need for microscopic materials control in the identification of broken symmetries.
Construction of carbon quantum dots/riboflavin fluorescent probe and its application in the detection of ciprofloxacin
Authors: Fu Mingjun , Lan Yuwei , Bao Wenbin , Li Guowei , Lu Haiqin , Zhou Liya , Lan Huan , Mo Xixian
Published: April 2023

This paper synthesized blue-fluorescent carbon quantum dots (b-CQDs) using a hydrothermal method, in which passionfruit shells is used as the carbon source and diethylenetriamine is used as the nitrogen source. The average particle size of the b-CQDs is 3.29 nm, and the quantum yield is 19.6%. Riboflavin was added to the CQDs to form a fluorescent probe with double emission peaks at 445 and 510 nm, belonging to b-CQDs and riboflavin, respectively. Their physical structure and optical properties were investigated by a series of characterizations. The results show that b-CQDs have good fluorescence stability. An experimental analysis showed that the addition of ciprofloxacin (CIP) to the fluorescent probe can significantly enhance the emission peak at 445 nm, whereas the emission peak at 510 nm remains unchanged. Accordingly, we constructed a ratio fluorescence method using b-CQDs/riboflavin as the fluorescent probe to detect CIP. In the water system, the I445 nm/I510 nm ratio of the fluorescent probe has an obvious linear relationship with CIP at a concentration of 0–250 µmol·L− 1. The linear equation obtained by fitting is I445 nm/I510 nm = 0.0028CCIP + 1.1510, where the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.9961 and the detection limit is 0.86 µmol·L− 1.
Inhibition of HIV-1 RT by semi purified extract of Psidium guajava L. leaves and docking studies of the compounds identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Roy Sreetama , Sanyal Debosmita , Mishra Prakash Chandra , Basu Sebanti , Chaubey Binay
Published: April 2023

Background
Present antiretroviral therapy reduces the viremia among HIV infected individuals but fails to eradicate the viral genome from the host. Consequently, the infected individuals are not cured of HIV and they depend on the antiretroviral therapy for their life time. Frequent emergence of drug resistant strains and drug induced toxicity entails the development of new anti-HIV drugs. The present study evaluated the anti-HIV potential of guava leaf extracts.
Methods
Dried P.guajava L. leaves were subjected to bioassay guided fractionation using different solvents followed by silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. Viral inhibition was examined by in vitro primer extension and intrinsic fluorescence quenching and in cell culture by GFP reporter expression, RT-PCR and western blotting. Compounds were identified by HR-LCMS and analyzed in silico for interaction with HIV-1 RT.
Results
The chromatographically purified fraction A2 showed 97.3% inhibition of HIV-1 RT activity by in vitro primer extension assay and 87% quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of HIV-1 RT. In cell culture, ~72% and ~68% inhibition of viral replication was observed by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. By HR-LCMS, 11 compounds were identified in A2 fraction. Molecular docking indicated 5 of them, 18-acetoxy-PGF2alpha-11-acetate, irigenindibenzyl ether, colforsin, deoxygedunol acetate and dihydromyricetin strongly bind in the catalytic domain of HIV-1 RT. In silico analysis indicated 18-acetoxy-PGF2alpha-11-acetate interacted with HIV-1 RT similar to nevirapine, the known HIV-1 RT inhibitors. It showed -11.4 kcal/mol binding energy while the efavirenz and zidovudine the two positive controls had -6.2 and -6.3 kcal/mol binding energies, respectively.
Conclusions
The present findings indicate strong anti HIV potential of P. guajava extract. Further studies with the individual compounds will establish the P. guajava as cost effective complementary medicine as well as an alternative drug to counter the frequent emergence of new drug resistant strains of HIV.