bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of economic globalization of China as a factor of cultural security
Authors: Borisenko Olga , Sukharev Dmitry , Fomina Marina , Kondakova Nataly
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of economic globalization in China and as a factor of cultural security. A philosophical analysis of the social aspect of China’s regional development. J. Sigurdson, like many researchers, analyzes economic, political factors, technological innovations, regional development programs of China. Our attention was drawn to the fact that he is one of the few Western researchers who analyze social problems. J. Sigurdson gives an analysis of Chinese society in the context of the development of technological systems. He notes that the creation of clusters, the use of new technologies contribute to the development of the social infrastructure of modern Chinese society. It is worth noting that his analysis is based on the historical information approach. In this case, we are not interested in ascertaining the facts presented by him, but in describing the role of innovation systems in the development of the social sphere of Chinese society. Thus, the relevance of this article is due to the need to analyze Western research on the social factor of regional changes in China. The entry into globalization processes and the perception of the economic opportunities of the modern world in China is refracted through traditional culture and allows not only to preserve its own values, but also to successfully adapt them to the realities of the present day on one hand and spread it outside on the other. China plays an important role in the modern economic development of the world. The main task of the Chinese strategy for the development of clusters was to ensure that the results met not only the economic development of the country, but also the rise of the social, cultural component. The Chinese government is aware of the depth of existing problems in society, and how we see new promising plans for the development of China’s economic system. In the artical, we allows us to view modern China not only as a simple element of the world economic system, but rather as one of the leading subjects of economic globalization, actively participating in the world economy and making a significant contribution to the development of the modern world. In our view, it is the integrity of the domestic political and foreign policy course of the country’s development that allowed the Chinese economy and culture to become a visible and important element of the world economy.
Comparative analysis of the functional behavior of costs for the construction of housing of the economy and comfort class
Authors: Grushina Olga , Poliakova Nina , Shelomentseva Natalia
Published: October 2018

The article considers the issue of increasing the investment attractiveness for the developer of massive construction of economy class housing by possible coverage of costs and formation of satisfactory financial results. The application of mathematical apparatus of the derivation of linear function and margin analysis allowed us to determine that in practice the developer companies solve the problem of low profitability of the economy class housing at the expense of more expensive comfort class housing objects, manipulating with the distribution of fixed costs. As a result, the possibility of covering the general management costs of the developer from one meter of housing of any class is equalized. The solution to the problem is seen in the creation of a database of standard economy class housing projects with the mandatory allocation of variable and constant construction costs for each type of facility per square meter of the completed housing. Such data will allow construction companies to take full advantage of the opportunities of margin analysis, including determining the lower limit of the price of a square meter, breakeven output and the financial result of both a single object (margin revenue of an object) and the organization as a whole for the reporting period. However, the market approach only will not solve this issue: the state support through the financing of the governmental programs will provide affordable housing for citizens.
On implementation of tasks of the National technological initiative
Authors: Yaskova Natalia
Published: October 2018

Transformation of the Russian economy is connected with technological renewal of all components of the national economics. Accelerating processes of technological renewal is now connected with implementation of the Program “National technological initiative”. Best innovations of the national origin that have strategic superiority on the global markets are concentrated in this Program. The essence of the road maps in each of the global directions is a translation of requests from the leaders of the new technological markets into the system of public administration. Matrixes of the National technological initiative have been developed in order to capitalize scientific advances and creation of conditions for their practical implementation with preservation of the priority positions of the Russian companies of the created global markets. They link design and development with available resources, as well as with the legal and regulatory framework and stimuli of introduction. Basic technological package analyzed in its development is supposed not only to accelerate activities of companies of the Russian origin, but also create conditions for responses to the global challenges of science. In this regard, the article presents the main steps to ensure the practical implementation of the main directions of the National technological initiative. The analysis of matrixes demonstrated necessity of supplementing them with the project pool on the elimination of infrastructure wear and tear that would provide complex solution of the task of the full-scale implementation of the development potential of Russia.
Improvement of methods for determining the cost of design documentation in construction
Authors: Dobysheva Tatiana , Gladkova Ekaterina
Published: October 2018

The problems of definition of the cost of design in construction are considered in the article. The existing regulatory documentation for determining the value of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the currently used methods for calculating the cost of designing is executed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are considered, and the necessity of transformations in the sphere of determining the cost of design works is substantiated. The ways of increasing accuracy of calculation of the cost of design in construction are suggested, including the use of the territorial coefficient in calculations when utilizing the method of dependence on the natural indicators of the design objects. It is revealed that the use of this coefficient significantly increases the accuracy of calculations. For the method of calculating the cost of design as a percentage of the total cost of construction, it is proposed to clarify the methodology for calculating the cost of construction of multi-apartment buildings according to the enlarged construction price standards. It is proved that today it is impossible to replace the value of individual structural elements of an object in the event of differences in the design solutions with the solutions represented by similar objects in the collection of the construction price standards. The ways of solving these issues by the use of collections of standards for the price of construction solutions are outlined. The authors are convinced that the improvement of methods for calculating the cost of design products will improve the efficiency of investments in the construction industry.
Author’s toolkit of the state regulation of the development of leasing
Authors: Nechaev Andrei , Romanova Tatiana , Tyapkina Maria
Published: October 2018

The lack of own funds of enterprises is one of the main problems in resolving issues related to the expansion, the acquisition of new equipment or the replacement of the old one. In contemporary economic conditions, it is leasing that is considered one of the most progressive ways of financing business activity. This financial toolkit is able to provide enterprises with access to the most advanced production technologies and equipment. At the same time, this mechanism is paid insufficient attention in our country. To solve these problems, the authors propose, firstly, the implementation of the algorithm for the development of the reproduction of the material and technical base of organizations based on the use of financial leasing. Secondly, a technique for calculating leasing payments based on a parametric model is suggested, taking into account the application of lowering coefficients. The implementation of the proposed toolkit is aimed at improving leasing relations as one of the most important factors of the development of the material and technical base, and funding for reproduction processes.
Ecological expertise as a factor of capitalization of land resources
Authors: Matveeva Maria
Published: October 2018

Ecological expertise is considered as a factor of the capitalization of land resources. The conducted research shows that without taking into account the environmental component of the national economy, the process of involving and capitalization of land resources in the economic circulation within the framework of the land development mechanism cannot be realized. The principles of ecological expertise in the article are presented in the form of a scheme. The introduction of green standards for the construction of Olympic facilities and infrastructure in Sochi is the most relevant example of the synthesis of economic, environmental and innovative aspects. Comparative characteristics of the international green standards BREEAM and LEED* (*BREAM (British Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) are presented. Comparative analysis showed that the BREEAM standard presupposes very stringent requirements (clearly formulated, not allowing deviations, a complicated cumbersome system, the high cost of obtaining approvals), while the LEED Standard is adapted only for the social and economic realities of the United States and provides for stringent requirements for the preparation of documentation, the lack of an independent audit of the evaluation activities; hard link of functionality with architectural forms that are not always acceptable outside of the USA. The application of green standards makes it possible to significantly increase the market value of land plots and necessitates the application of these standards in the development and implementation of investment and construction projects and programs.
Reflection of national and cultural specifics in the text of advertising (on material of texts of advertising of the Chinese and Russian building companies)
Authors: Li Stanislav , Araeva Lyudmila , Xin Guo
Published: October 2018

The purpose of article is detection of the general and specific advertising texts of real estate development companies in slogans in the Russian and Chinese languages. Any advertising is designed for the consumer who will buy the advertised goods. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time a propositional analysis of the “advertisement” frame in Chinese, which is an isolating one, is carried out. This approach is based on the technique of frame modeling, where the main components are the deep structures of knowledge propositional schemes and verbal propositions. Advertising efficiency is caused by the accounting of the traditions which developed in a certain nation, stereotypes and those associations which invisibly are present at texts. The phraseological units functioning in this or that culture are created on the basis of these traditions, cultural stereotypes; reflect features of a world view of the nation. The conducted research allows revealing that at the heart of phraseological units there are same propositional structures which are invisibly sending a thought of the person to propositions. The person learns the world, comparing one to another. It is propositional organized phraseological units allow to reveal the associations, general and unique for the nation. On the one hand, to understand that, at the most abstract level all languages are arranged equally what Humboldt wrote about, and, with another – to see an originality of each language.
Teaching sustainable urbanism in the higher school: theoretical and methodological approaches
Authors: Mishchenko Vitalii , Bykovskaya Natalya , Aleksashina Tatiana
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the growing problem of training personnel for the new economy and social life in Russia, focused on achieving sustainable development of urban areas. We consider the main directions of training future specialists in the field of urban development, relying on the Russian and world experiences.
The Russian-speakers in the CIS countries: migration activity and preservation of the Russian language
Authors: Maximova Svetlana , Noyanzina Oksana , Omelchenko Daria , Maximova Margarita
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to analyze migration activity in the post-Soviet space, changes in ethnic composition in the CIS countries and their role in peculiarities of preservation, functioning and representations about the Russian language, its main characteristics and proficiency among population from CIS countries. Empirical data was collected during the sociological research, fulfilled in 2017 in six countries members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, n = 1400. Information-gathering methods included formal interviews in the place of residence of population aged 18 to 75 years. Several indicators were used to achieve the goal: representations about the Russian language; assessment of the role of the Russian language; main characteristics of the Russian language; Russian language proficiency. The article states that in considering principal peculiarities of functioning of Russian in the post-Soviet space demographic indicators such as number of population, number of ethnic groups, proportion of Russian and indigenous population in CIS countries, changes in number of Russians after the dissolution of the USSR, external migration indicators should be taken into account. It was concluded that the Russian language proficiency is important for its preservation and functioning on the territory of CIS countries, the Russian language is well preserved in Belarus, at the middle level in Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and at the lowest level in Tajikistan. The popularity of Russian in respondents’ evaluations is determined by non-linguistic factors and characteristics, and associated with successful foreign policy of Russia and development of economic and trade relations of Russia with other countries. The development of the tourist sector and attractiveness of Russia for immigration are significant catalysts of interest towards the Russian language, influence of targeted programs, aimed at enhancing the positions of the Russian language and popularization of the Russian culture estimated as less significant. Attractiveness of Russia for immigration, increase of migration streams are important incentives for development and preservation of the Russian language.
Analysis and Detection Method for Machining Error of Globoidal Indexing Cam Profile
Authors: Sun Shuwen , Jiang Zhengquan , Huang Jie , Yang Jianwu
Published: October 2018

The profile of globoidal indexing cam is spatial undevelopable surface. It needs special CNC machine tool to finish batch production. The machining quality of the profile of globoidal indexing cam could be affected by the movement error of each part of machine tool and the clamped positioning error of workpiece. Firstly, this paper analyses the systematic error of the special machine tool of globoidal cam, derives the error transfer matrix, establishes the mathematical model of the globoidal cam profile which including all machining system errors through multi-body system theory primarily. Secondly, this method improves the measuring speed and avoids the probe radius compensation, and evaluates the tolerance of the profile greed of globoidal cam equidistant model directly. Finally, the feasibility of the measurement method is verified by experiments, and the experimental results are analysed and processed. It lays the foundation for the design, process and measurement of globoidal cam mechanism and provides a theoretical basis and key technology for developing the online rapid detection system of the globoidal indexing cam profile.
Analysis of Bridge-type Distributed-compliance Mechanism
Authors: Lai Lei-Jie , Yin Xiao-Qia
Published: October 2018

This paper analyses a class of bridge-type distributed-compliance mechanism, which has better performances than traditional bridge-type mechanisms using notch flexure hinges. An analytical model for the displacement amplification ratio and input stiffness calculations of the bridge-type mechanism is established based on the stiffness matrix method. The finite element analysis results are then given to validate the correctness of the analytical model. The differences of the analytical results with respect to the finite element analysis results are less than 8%, which demonstrate the high accuracy of the analytical model. The influences of the geometric parameters on the amplification ratio and input stiffness of the mechanism are also investigated using the analytical model to provide theoretical guidelines for the practical design.
Accuracy Simulation Method Based on Assembly Process Information Mapping
Authors: Tang Jianjun , Liu Haitao
Published: October 2018

Assembly process information has a direct impact on product manufacturing accuracy. In order to accurately predict product accuracy, a simulation method based on assembly process information mapping was proposed. The assembly deviation information was expressed as the in-part deviation reference, feature deviation Vector direction, feature deviation vector size, deviation transmission connection form between the parts and the deviation transmission direction, and so on. The mapping between the assembly process information and the deviation transmission information was established. Then the assembly accuracy simulation algorithm including the main algorithm and assembly deviation transfer model building algorithm was established. Taking C919 internal flap assembly as an example, the effectiveness of this method had been verified.
Investigating Parameters That Effect to Wear of Plasma Nozzle
Authors: Pitayachaval Paphakorn , Sato Muhammatsoifu
Published: October 2018

Plasma cutting machine normally applies to cut metal in electrical conductivity industrial according to an accuracy dimension and rapidly time consuming. A quality of this process is depend upon a cutting surface and kerf by controlling diameter of nozzle and size of electrode. Since kerf shape is crated base on nozzle diameter, while electrode is served plasma arc. This paper presents an investigating three cutting parameters: cutting speed, pressure gas, current ampere that affect to wear of plasma nozzle. The fixed variables are a plasma-cutting machine, Hypertherm powermax 45 xp, Bindee control CNC machine and specimens (100×100 mm.). The cutting speed was holed at 200, 300, 400 mm/min. The gas pressure was controlled at 6, 7, 8 bar. The current Ampere was handled at 40, 42, 45 A. The diameters of nozzle was measured using digital microscope. The experiments conducted based on ANOVA to establish the relationship of those parameters. The nozzle wear depended upon the current Ampere, the high gas pressure while the cutting speed was not effect to nozzle wear.
Study on the Estimation of Rock Rheological Parameters under Multi-level Loading and Unloading Conditions
Authors: Han Bing , Fu Qiang
Published: October 2018

Determining reasonable rheological constitutive models based on laboratory rock creep test data and estimating rheological parameters are important means of studying rheological mechanical property of rocks. Previous rock uniaxial or triaxial compression creep tests mostly adopted the method of multi-level loading. In order to study the influence of unloading stress on the estimation of rock rheological parameters, rock triaxial creep tester RLW-2000 was used in this paper to carry out triaxial compression creep tests for granites in a given area with two different stress paths of multi-level loading and stepwise unloading. Study results indicate that rock rheological parameters obtained vary with different stress paths. The instantaneous elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient obtained through loading show a stepwise increase, while the viscoelastic modulus shows a progressive decrease.
Density of test bodies and its effect on burning rate of fire-retardant treated samples
Authors: Osvaldová Linda Makovická
Published: October 2018

The thesis focuses on the effect of wood density on the results of fire tests. Wood (spruce wood in particular) is one of the most commonly used materials in many sectors - building constructions, furniture manufacture etc. With such a broad application, its fire technical properties must not be neglected. Fire retardants should be therefore used to prevent the fire from occurring and spreading.
A statistical Approach for Finding Influential Factors in Respect of Energy Consuming of A Car Passenger
Authors: Ali Hussein M. , Iqbal Asif
Published: October 2018

Nowadays the usage of gasoline as an energy resource is one of the most important subjects in the engineering field. A car is one type of energy consumer. Energy is used to build the cars and to running it. The fuel prices are fluctuate, so it seems sensible to explore every avenue towards saving energy in cars making. and study the factors that affect its consumption. The aim of the present work is to explain theoretically the calculation of fuel saving and cost in a car passengers in a greater detail than it has been done before and to describe statistically the affecting factors upon it. A statistical analysis has been used to study the influence of the weight and acceleration of the car upon the fuel consumption. It was shown that the fuel consumption increases linearly with the increase of a car weight and accordingly, the cost per unit travel of the car will increase.
Design Scheme of Communication Node Based on FlexRay Bus
Authors: He Xin , Wu Jia’nan , Deng Hongde , Zhen Zean , Liu Chenyang
Published: October 2018

As a high-speed and reliable serial communication bus, the FlexRay bus has gradually become the mainstream of vehicle network systems. In order to verify the feasibility of the bus technology in aerospace applications, this paper designs a FlexRay communication node based on TI's high-performance microcontroller TMS570LS3137 for security systems. In the whole system, with the DSP of core, the FlexRay communication protocol is achieved by using the bus controller TJA1080 to carry out data transmission. This method is suitable for data transmission of pint and medium-sized UAV (unmanned air vehicles) flight control system with high integration and high transmission rate.
Optimized Puncturing of the Check Matrix for Rate-Compatible LDPC Codes
Authors: Zhang Liang , Meng Jiahui , Zhao Danfeng
Published: October 2018

In the wireless communication system, it is necessary to change the transmitted code word or code rate in real time according to the channel environment, designing and implementing rate compatible codes is of great practical significance. In allusion to the defects of algebraically constructed QC-LDPC codes algorithm and the time-varying characteristics of wireless channel, we propose an algorithm based on check matrix optimization puncturing technique to construct QC-LDPC codes in this paper. The algorithm selects a high rate matrix with excellent performance as the parent matrix, and then uses the backward node puncturing method to puncture the information bits in the code word from the last column of the check matrix by a multiple of the number of rows to obtain a low rate matrix. The simulation results show that the rate-compatible non-binary LDPC codes constructed by this algorithm not only reduces the complexity of hardware implementation, but also improves the error correction performance of the non-binary LDPC codes, realizes the rate-compatible coding at the same time, and improves the average effectiveness and reliability of the communication system.
Semi-empirical Theory of Distributions of Users of Social Online Networks by the Number of Contacts
Authors: Suleimenov Ibragim , Bakirov Akhat
Published: October 2018

Based on the empirical analysis of contacts in the social network VKontakte, quantitative patterns are established that describe the distribution of users of social networks by the number of contacts (the number of friends). The parameter entering into the differential equation, whose solution is the proposed distribution, makes sense, similar to the Dunbar number and approximately coincides with it in magnitude. The fact that parameters characterizing a given distribution, depending on the size of the communication space in different cities, has been shown. However, the basic parameter that characterizes the fractal dimension of the communication space remains constant for all cities studied.
Neural Networks and the Philosophy of Dialectical Positivism
Authors: Suleimenov Ibragim , Massalimova Aliya , Bakirov Akhat , Gabrielyan Oleg
Published: October 2018

The fact that the theory of neural networks permits the completeness of the concept of global evolutionism has been shown. This concept in the current philosophical literature is seen, inter alia, as an effective platform for interdisciplinary cooperation, the need for which is becoming more acute, which is reflected in the anniversary report of the Club of Rome in the form of the thesis on the “New Enlightenment”. The theory of neural networks allows us to give a consistent interpretation of the category of “complex”, in accordance with which a system of arbitrary nature is treated as “complex” if it is possible to indicate a complementary analog of a neural network. With this interpretation, the evolution of systems of an arbitrary nature can indeed be described in a uniform way. In particular, the philosophical law of transition from quantity to quality can be reduced to a description in terms of information theory (through the description of the evolution of a neural network complementary to a complex system). The main result of the work is a new interpretation of the dialectical philosophy categorical apparatus on the basis of the theory of neural networks.
Design and Control of a Quadruple-Input Double-Output Coherent Radar Test Platform Composed of Test & Measurement Equipment and Custom Hardware
Authors: Chen Yanmin , Han Kuoye , Jiang Mian
Published: October 2018

A radar test platform composed of commercial off-the-shelf test and measurement equipment and custom hardware has been built. This platform, which enables production of dual-channel coherent radar transmitting signals with a bandwidth up to 500MHz, and reception of four parallel channels of RF injection signals or echoes, can simulate various types of radar emitters or to simulate the multiple modes of operation for a single type radar. A software is also programmed with C++ language to control the waveforms, frequencies, phases, time delays and all other aspects of the test platform’s operation at all stages. At last, an application example is given when the platform is used for ISAR imaging verification.
Cross-brand and cross-channel advertising strategies in a dual-channel supply chain
Authors: Liu Liwen , Wu Lingli , Hong Xianpei
Published: October 2018

The economic value of private brands and online marketing channel have been widely recognized in literature and practical life. Besides, studies show that advertising, as one of the major factors, can affect consumer attitudes and has significant effects on demand and profit. On the existing basis, this paper analyzes the advertising strategies under competition between a national brand manufacturer and a retailer with private brand, where the national brand can be sold both through a direct channel and a store channel but the retailer brand can be sold only through a store channel. We study the best advertising investment strategies and the balanced profits of the national brand manufacturer and retailer in the disintegrated system and the integrated system. Specially, in the disintegrated system, we discuss the best decision-making issues for national brand manufacturer and retailer in two special cases which there is only have brand competition or channel spillover effects. We discuss the impacts of the spillover effect and brand competition on the chain members and advertising strategies of different channels. In addition, we design a unilateral advertising subsidy contract to coordinate the supply chain. The results in this paper offer structural and quantitative insights into the interplay between the manufacturer and retailer in the dual channel supply chain and can be used as a reference for choosing the optimal advertising strategy.
Nicht elektive thoraxchirurgische Operationen bei Patienten mit respiratorischer Insuffizienz und Einsatz einer venovenösen extrakorporalen Membranoxygenierung
Authors: Sommerauer Laura , Philipp Alois , Lubnow Matthias , Müller Thomas , Lunz Dirk , Hofmann Hans-Stefan , Ried Michael
Published: October 2018

Hintergrund Patienten mit schwerer respiratorischer Insuffizienz und venovenöser extrakorporaler Membranoxygenierung (vv-ECMO) benötigen häufig eine diagnostische oder therapeutische thoraxchirurgische Intervention.

Material und Methode Retrospektive Analyse von prospektiv erhobenen Daten (Regensburger ECMO-Register) aller Patienten im Zeitraum von Dezember 2010 bis Dezember 2016, die aufgrund eines akuten Lungenversagens (ALV) mit einer vv-ECMO behandelt wurden und bei denen eine diagnostische oder therapeutische thoraxchirurgische Operation (TCH-OP) durchgeführt wurde. Endpunkte waren die Indikation zur TCH-OP sowie die postoperative Morbidität und Letalität.

Ergebnis Es wurden 418 Patienten (m = 285, 68%; mittleres Alter 50,0 ± 16,5 Jahre) mit einer vv-ECMO behandelt. Die häufigsten Indikationen zur vv-ECMO waren ein ALV bei Pneumonie (59,8%), postoperativ (18,7%), posttraumatisch (9,8%), nach Chemotherapie (2,8%) oder sonstigen Gründen (8,9%). Insgesamt wurden 102 (24,4%) Patienten unter vv-ECMO operiert, davon 29 Patienten (28,4%) thoraxchirurgisch. Die häufigste primäre Indikation für eine TCH-OP war therapeutisch bei Hämatothorax (n = 13; 44,8%), gefolgt von karnifizierender Pneumonie/Lungenabszess (n = 5; 17,2%), Pleuraempyem (n = 3; 10,3%) und sonstigen Ursachen (n = 3; 10,3%). Bei interstitieller Lungenerkrankung unklarer Genese (n = 5; 17,2%) erfolgte eine diagnostische Lungenbiopsie. Bei den Ersteingriffen wurde bei 27 Patienten eine Thorakotomie (93,1%), seltener eine VATS (n = 2; 6,9%) durchgeführt. Mindestens eine Rethorakotomie erfolgte in 15 Patienten (51,7%) und 9 Patienten (31,0%) wurden mehr als 2 × operiert. Die Letalität im Krankenhaus der Patienten mit TCH-OP (44,8%) war höher als die der Patienten ohne TCH-OP (35,7%; p = 0,326).

Schlussfolgerung Die Indikationen für eine thoraxchirurgische Operation bei Patienten mit vv-ECMO sollten streng gestellt werden, da häufig postoperative Komplikationen mit einer hohen Reoperationsrate (58,6%) auftreten. Daher sollte eine ECMO-Therapie nur in spezialisierten Zentren mit thoraxchirurgischer Expertise erfolgen.
Wall Shear Stress in the Feeding Native Conduit Arteries of Superficial Arteriovenous Malformations of the Lower Face is a Reliable Marker of Disease Progression
Authors: El sanharawi Imane , Barral Matthias , Lenck Stéphanie , Dillinger Jean Guillaume , Salvan Didier , Mangin Gabrielle , Cogo Adrien , Bailliart Olivier , Levy Bernard I. , Kubis Nathalie , Bisdorff-Bresson Annouk , Bonnin Philippe
Published: October 2018

Purpose To assess the prognostic value of the wall shear stress (WSS) measured in the feeding native arteries upstream from facial superficial arteriovenous malformations (sAVMs). Reliable prognostic criteria are needed to distinguish progressive from stable sAVMs and thus support the indication for an aggressive or a conservative management to avoid severe facial disfigurement.

Materials and Methods We prospectively included 25 patients with untreated facial sAVMs, 15 patients with surgically resected sAVMs and 15 controls. All had undergone Doppler ultrasound examination (DUS) with measurements of inner diameters, blood flow velocities, computation of blood flow and WSS of the feeding arteries. Based on the absence or presence of progression in clinical and imaging examinations 6 months after, we discriminated untreated patients as stable or progressive.

Results WSS in the ipsilateral external carotid artery was higher in progressive compared to stable sAVMs (15.8 ± 3.3dynes/cm² vs. 9.6 ± 2.0dynes/cm², mean±SD, p < 0.0001) with a cut-off of 11.5dynes/cm² (sensitivity: 92 %, specificity: 92 %, AUC: 0.955, [95 %CI: 0.789–0.998], p = 0.0001). WSS in the ipsilateral facial artery was also higher in progressive compared to stable sAVMs (50.7 ± 14.5dynes/cm² vs. 25.2 ± 7.1dynes/cm², p < 0.0001) with a cut-off of 34.0dynes/cm² (sensitivity: 100 %, specificity: 92 %, AUC: 0.974, [95 %CI: 0.819–1.000], p = 0.0001). The hemodynamic data of operated patients were not different from those of the control group.

Conclusion WSS measured in the feeding arteries of an sAVM may be a simple reliable criterion to distinguish stable from progressive sAVMs. This value should be considered to guide the therapeutic strategy as well as the long-term follow-up of patients with facial sAVMs.
Systematische Übersichtsarbeit: moderne Behandlungsverfahren beim postoperativen Chylothorax
Authors: Stange Sebastian , Sziklavari Zsolt
Published: October 2018

Hintergrund Der Chylothorax ist i. d. R. eine multifaktorielle Komplikation nach Operationen oder Unfällen, seltener die Folge von Tumoren. Da prospektive, randomisierte Studien fehlen, beruht die evidenzbasierte Behandlung auf persönlichen Erfahrungen, im Idealfall erfolgt sie in Kenntnis retrospektiver Analysen.

Material und Methoden Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, einen umfassenden Überblick über die aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden modernen Behandlungsverfahren beim postoperativen Chylothorax zu geben sowie ihre Vor- und Nachteile aufzuzeigen. Hierzu erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank „PubMed“ unter Beschränkung auf Publikationen der letzten 10 Jahre. Für die Recherche wurde das Schlüsselwort „Chylothorax“ eingesetzt. Der Schwerpunkt lag auf den Publikationen, die eine vergleichende Bewertung der Behandlungsmöglichkeiten beinhalten. Bei der kritischen Analyse der Therapieansätze und Empfehlungen wurden Reviews der letzten 5 Jahre bevorzugt, des Weiteren stützten sich die Autoren auf eine kumulative langjährige klinische Erfahrung.

Ergebnisse Der Erfolg einer konservativen Behandlung zeigt in Abhängigkeit von der Ätiologie eine große Streuungsbreite (3 – 90%). Die Erfolgsrate der nicht invasiven oder semiinvasiven Verfahren liegt zwischen 50 und 100%, ebenfalls in Abhängigkeit von der Ätiologie. Bei einer erfolglosen konservativen Behandlung operabler Patienten besteht die chirurgische Standardtherapie in der meist thorakoskopisch durchgeführten Ligatur des Ductus thoracicus. Alternativ kann eine Pleurodese oder die Platzierung einer permanenten Thoraxdrainage oder eines pleuroperitonealen Shunts durchgeführt werden. Die Erfolgsrate dieser Eingriffe liegt zwischen 64 und 100%. Die Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrate kann hierbei Werte bis zu 25% erreichen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlung eines Chylothorax sollte konservativ begonnen werden. Anschließend kann stufenweise eine aggressivere Therapie empfohlen werden, wobei der Zustand des Patienten und das Drainagevolumen den Entscheidungsprozess steuern. Interventionelle radiologische Verfahren sind sicher in der Anwendung bei gleichzeitig hoher Erfolgsquote und haben somit einen berechtigten Platz neben der konservativen Behandlung bzw. den operativen Verfahren. Sie stehen allerdings aktuell nur in einigen größeren Zentren zur Verfügung.
Pene No Conspicuo (Oculto)
Authors: Fernández Nicolás , Puerto Niño Angie , Iregui Parra Juan , Pérez Niño Jaime
Published: October 2018

El término pene no conspicuo (oculto), agrupa las patologías en las que el pene adopta un tamaño aparentemente más pequeño, ya sea porque se oculta bajo el tejido cicatricial en caso del pene atrapado, cuando presenta un pliegue de piel que reduce el ángulo penoescrotal tratándose del pene en vela, o en los casos en los que el pene es cubierto por prepucio redundante produciendo un pene enterrado. Se realiza una revisión de la definición y terminología utilizada a través de la historia, clasificación actual, etiología, diagnóstico y técnica quirúrgica empleada para la corrección del pene no conspicuo (oculto).
Futility and Patients Who Insist on Medically Ineffective Therapy
Authors: Cifrese Laura , Rincon Fred
Published: October 2018

As medical decisions fall under more scrutiny and society demands increasing transparency of care, it is likely that more opportunities for conflicts will emerge. Similarly, with increasing demand and a static supply, the issue of who receives treatment and for how long naturally will arise. This mismatch leads to discussions of resource utilization and limitation of care in light of patients' values and rights. Clinicians should always be forthcoming with the uncertainty of prognostication while also articulating the severity of a patient's disease in relation to the risk and benefits of an intervention. However, dispute over treatment course and the idea of futile care can arise for in a variety of reasons, both from the clinician and the patient. Without identifying the cause of these conflicts, it is impossible to have effective communication. At times, it is important to utilize various negotiating skills when resolving these disagreements. Regardless of the approach, practitioners need more training in and exposure to these types of conflicts. In this review, we provide a framework for the origins and current state of futility, challenges in the application of the term, and recommendations on how to approach conflict in these situations.
Ethical Issues Pertaining to Conflicts of Interest Between Neurologists and the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Industries
Authors: Robbins Nathaniel
Published: October 2018

A conflict of interest (COI) exists when a physician's professional responsibilities are compromised by personal or financial relationships. COIs between physicians and the pharmaceutical or medical device industry (Industry) are common. Collaborations with Industry have many potential benefits, but also raise potential ethical pitfalls. Industry-related COIs have widespread influence on medical education, research, and clinical practice, and therefore have profound implications for the integrity of the field of medicine. Full disclosure is an important step toward mitigating COI but does not redress subconscious accompanying biases. I review the spectrum of potential COI faced by physicians, with a focus on the ethics surrounding the relationship between neurologists and Industry. Other financial and nonfinancial COIs that influence neurologists and nonindividual entities, such as academic institutions, medical journals, and professional societies, are also discussed. Solutions ranging from disclosure to avoidance and recusal are briefly considered.
Effect of Cr substitution on ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric properties of GaFeO3 epitaxial thin films
Authors: Katayama Tsukasa , Osakabe Takuya , Yasui Shintaro , Hamasaki Yosuke , Rao Badari Narayana , Zhang Minghui , Itoh Mitsuru
Published: October 2018

To control the properties of multiferroic materials, substitution of magnetic elements is a useful technique. In this study, we fabricated GaCrxFe1−xO3 and Ga1−yCryFeO3 films by substituting Cr3+ (3d3) ions in GaFeO3 for magnetic Fe3+ (3d5) and nonmagnetic Ga3+ (d10) sites, respectively. The effect of the Cr substitution on the magnetic and dielectric properties was systematically investigated. The obtained GaCrxFe1−xO3 and Ga1−yCryFeO3 films (x ≤ 1/4 and y ≤ 1/2) simultaneously exhibit ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity. For the GaCrxFe1−xO3 films, the magnetic transition temperature (TC) and magnetic anisotropy decrease with increasing x. On the other hand, for the Ga1−yCryFeO3 films, TC increases with increasing y. Unlike the GaFeO3 film, the Cr-substituted GFO films show a peak in the magnetization versus temperature curves and exhibit a sudden decrease in the coercive field near the peak, probably due to the formation of Fe3+–O–Cr3+ coupling which prefers to form ferromagnetic interactions in the antiferromagnetic Fe3+–O–Fe3+ networks. Furthermore, we found that the Cr-substituted GaFeO3 films show out-of-plane ferroelectricity at room temperature.
Thed-dimensional softcore Coulomb potential and the generalized confluent Heun equation
Authors: Hall Richard L. , Saad Nasser , Bryenton Kyle R.
Published: October 2018

An analysis of the generalized confluent Heun equation (α2r2 + α1r) y″ + (β2r2 + β1r + β0) y′ − (ε1r + ε0) y = 0 in d-dimensional space, where {αi, βi, εi} are real parameters, is presented. With the aid of these general results, the quasi-exact solvability of the Schrödinger eigenproblem generated by the softcore Coulomb potential V(r) = −e2Z/(r + b), b > 0, is explicitly resolved. Necessary and sufficient conditions for polynomial solvability are given. A three-term recurrence relation is provided to generate the coefficients of polynomial solutions explicitly. We prove that these polynomial solutions are sources of finite sequences of orthogonal polynomials. Properties such as the recurrence relations, Christoffel-Darboux formulas, and moments of the weight function are discussed. We also reveal a factorization property of these polynomials which permits the construction of other interesting related sequences of orthogonal polynomials.
Momentum-resolved TDDFT algorithm in atomic basis for real time tracking of electronic excitation
Authors: Lian Chao , Hu Shi-Qi , Guan Meng-Xue , Meng Sheng
Published: October 2018

Ultrafast electronic dynamics in solids lies at the core of modern condensed matter and materials physics. To build up a practical ab initio method for studying solids under photoexcitation, we develop a momentum-resolved real-time time dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) algorithm using numerical atomic basis, together with the implementation of both the length and vector gauge of the electromagnetic field. When applied to simulate elementary excitations in two-dimensional materials such as graphene, different excitation modes, only distinguishable in momentum space, are observed. The momentum-resolved rt-TDDFT is important and computationally efficient for the study of ultrafast dynamics in extended systems.
Using a multi-layer graphene-based emitter to improve the performance of a concentrated solar thermionic converter
Authors: Yang Zhimin , Peng Wanli , Li Wangyang , Su Shanhe , Lin Guoxing , Chen Jincan
Published: October 2018

A new model of the concentrated solar thermionic converter (CSTIC) with a multi-layer graphene (MLG)-based emitter is established. Based on the formulas of the thermionic emission from the MLG with ABA and ABC stacking orders, the power output and the efficiency of the CSTIC are derived. The performance characteristics of the CSTIC are discussed. It is revealed that the maximum efficiency of the CSTIC with the MLG-based emitter is higher than that with the single layer graphene (SLG)-based emitter, and the operating temperature of the MLG-based cathode is lower than that of the SLG-based cathode. It is important to find that the performances of the CSTIC with the ABA stacked graphene are better than those with the ABC stacked graphene. The optimum surface work function of the MLG-based cathode at the maximum efficiency is larger than the work function of the SLG-based cathode so that the CSTIC with the MLG-based emitter can be experimentally implemented more easily than the CSTIC with the SLG-based emitter.
A three-dimensional steerable optical tweezer system for ultracold atoms
Authors: Chisholm C. S. , Thomas R. , Deb A. B. , Kjærgaard N.
Published: October 2018

We present a three-dimensional steerable optical tweezer system based on two pairs of acousto-optic deflectors. Radio frequency signals used to steer the optical tweezers are generated by direct digital synthesis, and multiple time averaged cross beam dipole traps can be produced through rapid frequency toggling. We produce arrays of ultracold atomic clouds in both horizontal and vertical planes and use this to demonstrate the three-dimensional nature of this optical tweezer system.
Asymptotic solution to the viscous/inertial flow in wavy channels with permeable walls
Authors: Rasoulzadeh Mojdeh , Panfilov Mikhail
Published: October 2018

Flow in a wavy channel immersed in the porous medium can be described neither as the flow in porous media nor as the flow in a regular pipe. The flow through the walls and the irregular wavy geometry of the walls result in non-negligible inertial and visco-inertial effects. The quadratic and cubic corrections to Darcy’s law proposed since Forchheimer have always been the subject of debate. In this paper, the complete set of Navier-Stokes equations is solved in a channel with wavy walls immersed in a porous medium. The asymptotic solution is obtained using the perturbation method considering the channel’s aspect ratio as the perturbation parameter. The two-scale homogenization technique is used to capture the effect of the wavy corrugations on the overall flow in the channel. The averaged pressure drop along the channel is represented as quadratic and cubic corrections to the linear law for a cylindrical and parallel-plate wavy channel.
Influence of a square pulse voltage on argon-ethyl lactate discharges and their plasma-deposited coatings using time-resolved spectroscopy and surface characterization
Authors: Laurent Morgane , Desjardins Edouard , Meichelboeck Maximilian , Belinger Antoine , Naudé Nicolas , Stafford Luc , Gherardi Nicolas , Laroche Gaétan
Published: October 2018

By comparing time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy measurements and the predictions of a collisional-radiative model, the evolutions of electron temperature (Te) and number density of argon metastable atoms [n(Arm)] were determined in argon-ethyl lactate dielectric barrier discharges. The influence of a square pulse power supply on Te, n(Arm), and discharge current is evaluated and correlated with the chemistry and the topography of plasma-deposited coatings. Pulsed discharges were found to have shorter (100 ns) but stronger (1 A) current peaks and higher electron temperatures (0.7 eV) than when using a 35 kHz sinusoidal power supply (2 μs, 30 mA, 0.3 eV). The n(Arm) values seemed to be rather stable around 1011 cm−3 with a sinus power supply. In contrast, with a pulse power supply with long time off (i.e., time without discharge) between each pulse, a progressive increase in n(Arm) from 1011 cm−3 up to 1012–1013 cm−3 was observed. When the time off was reduced, this increase was measured in sync with the current peak. The chemical composition of the coatings was not significantly affected by using a pulse signal, whereas the topography was strongly influenced and led to powder formations when reducing the time off.