bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeophysical investigation for the aquifers in part of Ilorin, Central Nigeria: Implication on groundwater prospect
Authors: Olawuyi Ayodele Kehinde
Published: July 2021

Hydrogeophysical study involving the use of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out in part of the basement complex rocks of Ilorin, central Nigeria, with the aim of determining its geoelectric parameters and groundwater potential. A total of thirty (30) VES were carried out using Schlumberger electrode configuration, with half electrode separation (AB/2) varying from 1m to 100m. Information on the subsurface lithologies, overburden thickness and aquiferous layers were obtained from the different VES locations in the study area. From the quantitative interpretations of the data collected, using the method of curve matching with the Orellana-Mooney master curves and 1-D forward modeling with WinResist 1.0 version software, three to five lithologic units were identified in the study. These include: the topsoil, sandy/lateritic clay/laterite, the weathered basement, the fractured basement and the fresh bedrock which are predominantly of the ‘KH’ curve type (30%), followed by ‘H’ type (26.7%), other type curves include ‘QH’ (16.7%), ‘HKH’, ‘HA’ and ‘A’ (6.7% each) and KQ and KQH (3.3% each). The weathered layer and the fractured basement constitute the main aquifer units. The aquifers are of generally low resistivity values (mostly below 100 Ω-m). The depths to dry bedrock at the chosen VES locations vary from 2.7 to 62.7 m with a mean value of 13.02 m in the study area. The geoelectrical interpretations of data obtained in these areas have permitted the delineation of the study area into low and moderate groundwater potential zones. This study is expected to assist in future planning for groundwater resources.

Keywords: Hydrogeophysical, Basement Complex, Groundwater, Electrical Soundings, Weathered, Fractured
Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of graphite-bearing rocks at Chenjere Area, south-eastern Tanzania: Implications for the nature and quality of graphite mineralization
Authors: Moye Charles D , Msabi Michael M
Published: July 2021

This study focused on the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of graphite-bearing rocks at Chenjere area by conducting surface geological mapping, geochemical and petrographical analyses with the intention of characterizing the nature of graphite occurrence in these lithological units. This paper presents results of the flake size, grade and mineralization extension of graphite in the graphitic gneiss. Field observations, petrographic investigation and comparison with other studies indicate that graphite occurrence at the Chenjere area is of sedimentary origin which fall under syngenetic type. The petrographic study revealed that nature of metamorphism of rocks in the Chenjere area is of high grade (amphibolite facies). Both field observations and petrographic studies indicate that minerals in the rock associated with graphite include quartz, feldspar (mostly K-feldspar) and biotite. Further, the mineralized zones are concordant to the rest of the lithologies of the area and biotite gneiss is forming the hangingwall and footwall. The rocks’ foliation is generally NE striking and dipping SE with the dip amount ranging from 30 to 60 degrees. The graphite mineralization at the study area occurs as medium to coarse grained crystalline, flake type graphite with long axis of up to 1000 micrometres in size. Graphite flakes are disseminated and oriented in the host rock that represents a normal metamorphic fabric. Geochemical results indicate that graphite contents in the host graphitic gneiss range from 3.03 wt.% to 16.00 wt.%. Mineralogy and texture of the graphite at Chenjere area meet the standards required for industrial applications in various advanced technologies.

Keywords: Graphite Mineralization, Flake Graphite, Chenjere Area
Pathological scanning of ochratoxigenic moulds impaired feed in vivo, towards conceptualizing their reverberations on different organs
Authors: Thomas Benjamin T , Popoola Omolara D , Efuntoye Moses O , Coker Mercy O , Tajudeen Ahmed O
Published: July 2021

The role of ochratoxigenic moulds in causing several invasive diseases has been documented but little is known about the effects of these ochratoxigenic moulds contaminated feeds in a laboratory control experiment. This study therefore, examined the pathological effects of ochratoxigenic moulds contaminated feed in order to understand their reverberations on different organs. Thirty two albino rats were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments (T) with eight rats per treatment (T1, T2, T3 and T4). T1 and T2 were female and male control rats, respectively that were fed normal feed, while T3 and T4 were male and female experimental rats that were fed with ochratoxigenic moulds contaminated feed for a period of two weeks. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), acid phosphate (ACP), total protein, albumin and histopathological analysis of different organs, namely liver, heart, kidney, stomach, small intestine, lungs, brains and spleens were carried out following standard protocols. Results obtained depicted varying levels of serum concentrations of total protein, albumins, AST, ACP, ALT and ALP between treatments and control groups (p < 0.05). Photomicrograph examinations of the different organs examined reveal degenerative changes in the ultra-structural integrity of all the organs as compared to the control groups except for the spleen where there was no difference between the control and the treatment group.

Keywords: Pathology, scanning, ochratoxigenic moulds, reverberations.
Application of optimal control to tuberculosis model with parameter estimations: Bayesian approach
Authors: Mlay Goodluck M , Hugo Alfred K
Published: July 2021

In this paper, one-strain tuberculosis (TB) model with two control mechanisms, education campaigns and chemoprophylaxis of TB-infected patients, was studied to determine their effects on the reduction of latent and active TB cases. In the case of analysis, boundedness and positivity of the model solutions were carried out to determine the biological feasibility of the study. Besides, the calibration of the parameters by utilizing the identifiability technique through the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) was thoroughly analysed. The optimum conditions for controlling TB were derived from the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The numerical simulations were carried out using the forward-back sweep method with the help of the Runge-Kutta fourth-order numerical schemes. Simulation results showed that the education campaigns strategy is more effective in reducing TB infections than the chemoprophylaxis of TB-infected individuals. The combination of the two control strategies reduces a significant number of infections than when each strategy is used on its own. To minimize the transmission of TB from the community, we recommend the education campaigns strategy be a focal point and treatment of latent TB to be paired with the treatment of active TB cases.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Education campaigns, Chemoprophylaxis, MCMC
Biodiesel production by esterification of ricinoleic acid over a series of synthesized sulfated zirconia catalysts
Authors: Elimbinzi Elianaso , Nyandoro Stephen
Published: July 2021

A series of sulfated zirconia (SZ) were synthesized and evaluated for catalytic esterification of ricinoleic acid obtained from the castor oil with butanol at 110 °C. The effect of alcohols’ chain length was studied using butanol (C4), propanol (C3), ethanol (C2) and methanol (C1) at 65 °C, and reflux of corresponding alcohol boiling points. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using nitrogen porosimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Analysis of ricinoleic conversion was performed using gas chromatography. Sulfuric acid loading improved the surface area of zirconia at a lower dose. The surface areas of the catalysts increased as the concentrations of sulfuric acid solution were increased from 0.025 to 0.10 M, after which the decline was observed. SZ obtained at 0.05 M H2SO4 (0.05SZ) gave the optimal catalytic activity compared to the other series of SZ used. The ricinoleic acid conversion decreased with increase of alcohol alkyl chain from C1-C4 at 65 °C, but increased under the reflux temperature of the corresponding alcohols, with the maximum conversion being 47% at 118 °C for the reaction involving butanol. Overall, the synthesized SZ catalysts are deployable in biodiesel production from castor oil upon optimizing other conditions.

Keywords: Ricinoleic acid; Sulfated zirconia; Biodiesel production
Modelling International Tourist Arrivals Volatility in Zimbabwe Using a GARCH Process
Authors: Makoni Tendai , Chikobvu Delson
Published: July 2021

The aim of the paper was to develop bootstrap prediction intervals for international tourism demand and volatility in Zimbabwe after modelling with an ARMA-GARCH process. ARMA-GARCH models have better forecasting power and are capable of capturing and quantifying volatility. Bootstrap prediction intervals can account for future uncertainty that arises through parameter estimation. The monthly international tourism data obtained from the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority (ZTA) (January 2000 to June 2017) is neither seasonal nor stationary and is made stationery by taking a logarithm transformation. An ARMA(1,1) model fits well to the data; with forecasts indicating a slow increase in international tourist arrivals (outside of the Covid-19 period). The GARCH(1,1) process indicated that unexpected tourism shocks will significantly impact the Zimbabwe international tourist arrivals for longer durations. Volatility bootstrap prediction intervals indicated minimal future uncertainty in international tourist arrivals. For the Zimbabwe tourism industry to remain relevant, new tourism products and attraction centres need to be developed, as well as embarking on effective marketing strategies to lure even more tourists from abroad. This will go a long way in increasing the much-needed foreign currency earnings needed to revive the Zimbabwean economy.
Students’ Motivation for Attending Varsity Football Matches
Authors: Namethe Katlego , Naido Vinessa , van Heerden Cornelius Hendrik
Published: July 2021

It is important to understand what motivates members from a specific community to attend sports events. The objective of this study was to determine the factors that motivate students at a university of technology to attend Varsity Football matches at the university’s main stadium. Twelve items of the fan motivation questionnaire relating to fan attendance at college soccer matches in the USA were adopted in this study. A principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed on Likert scale data gathered from 329 respondents. Items clustered into three factors, namely enjoyment, friendship and relaxation, fandom, and belonging and self-esteem. The instrument used in this study had acceptable validity and reliability. The value of the research results from this study confirms the following: Promotional campaigns to draw students to Varsity Football matches should focus on excitement and emotions because attendance is motivated by the vibe at the stadium and to spend time with their friends. The university should build the brand of the football team. A vibrant crowd at a Varsity Football match provides advantages to the sponsors of the events, it contributes to the image of the university, and it contributes to the viewing experience of the television audience that watches the matches. The results confirm that event sponsors, organisers and host universities should understand the motivational factors that attract fans to attend football matches.
Opinion of Recruiters About the Role of Physical Attractiveness in the Process of
Selection: Qualitative study
Authors: Sarwar Naveeda , Jahanzeb Khan Muhammad , Sarwar Adnan , Abid Saima , Ali Humaira
Published: July 2021

Attractive people often take an advantage in their life and offer preference over those
who are unattractive. These problems may be ethical, cultural or social, but they may
also Important impacts on the recruiting process and maybe key to problems
discrimination. The present study describing the phenomena of physical attractiveness
ensures effects the recruitment process with some of the basic condition outline in the
implicit personality theory. The sample size was constituted 20 and saturated on the 10
of participants (6 males and 4 female) phenomenology: Non - probability Purposive
sampling technique was used. Those participants were involved as the leading
recruiter such as director, cos’, selection board member and principal of institutes as
these were from hospitals, education institutes, Ngos and local government and ruler
department in order to ensure maximum variation sampling technique as them belong
to different heads of institutes. The data was collected through in depth interview by
using semi-structure open ended questionnaire. These phases were: familiarization
with data, generating initial codes, searching for themes among codes, reviewing
themes, defining and naming themes and producing the final report were analyzed.
Five themes were emerged as a results of the study, each themes were individually
discussed to comprehend over its meaningful features, Performa for hiring candidate’s,
Gender preferences according to the job status, Communication and Confidence level,
Knowledge about the Desired Field and Qualification and Experiences. It was
concluded from the respondents interview that physical attractiveness has important
impact for the selection of employ whether government organization or non-government organization.
Utjecaj pH želučanog sadržaja na čvrstoću kirurške rane želučane stijenke
Authors: Kostanjšak Tara , Brkljača Bottegaro Nika , Martinović Andrea , Vnuk Dražen
Published: July 2021

Promjene pH unutar lumena i u tkivu želuca mogu utjecati na svojstva materijala za šivanje rana. Pri kirurškim intervencijama izrazito niski pH mijenja fizikalna i biomehanička svojstva materijala za šivanje rana. U ovome radu uspoređivan je utjecaj pH na karakteristike dvaju materijala za šivanje rana korištenih prilikom izvođenja gastrotomije na ex vivo modelu svinje. Od četiri skupine u dvije skupine glikomer 631 i poliglikonat su bili izloženi pet dana klorovodičnoj kiselini (HCl-u), a u ostale dvije skupine ova dva materijala za šivanje rana nisu bili izloženi promjenama pH. Ispitivanje je provedeno na svinjskim želucima na kojima je rez gastrotomije šivan dvoslojno glikomerom 631 i poliglikonatom. Nakon što su želuci bili ispunjeni tekućinom i prilikom popuštanja kirurške rane želučane stijenke, bilježene su vrijednosti tlaka, broj uboda potrebnih za šivanje prvog i drugog sloja kirurške rane, mjesto popuštanja šavova kirurške rane želučane stijenke i volumen tekućine potreban kako bi se razvio tlak potreban za popuštanje šavova. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti kako HCl ima utjecaj na popuštanje šavova kirurške rane i promjenu njihovog svojstva. Poznavanjem utjecaja HCl-a na monofilamentne šivaće materijale – glikomer 631 i poliglikonat, omogućena je lakša odluka pri odabiru materijala za šivanje rana prilikom zatvaranja kirurške rane želučane stijenke. Ovim istraživanjem dokazano je kako poliglikonat zadržava svoju postojanost dulje od glikomera 631 te kako je on pogodniji za zatvaranje želučane stijenke.
The effect of metformin on murine and bovine sperm motility parameters
Authors: Londoño-Vásquez Daniela , Cardona-Maya Walter , Maldonado-Estrada Juan G. , Olivera-Angel Martha
Published: July 2021

Sperm motility is one of the most relevant parameters related to the fertilizing capability of the spermatozoa. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of sperm flagellum allows for the use of diverse molecules for improving sperm motility, such as metformin. Metformin is a molecule known to stimulate the capability of the cell to uptake and metabolize its energy substrate, acting as an activator of AMP kinase. Its activation leads to the phosphorylation of several substrates implicated in the hyperactivation of the flagellum, as a previous step for the appropriate fertility of the spermatozoa. This paper presents the results of experiments testing the effect of metformin in bull and murine spermatozoa, and reviews aspects related to the use of energy substrate by the spermatozoa, and the molecular mechanisms implicated in metformin role on sperm motility. Since semen analysis is always performed in Eppendorf tubes, whereas the capacitation of sperm cells for in vitro fertilization is performed in drops, we evaluated if there were differences in CASA parameters between sperm cells evaluated in Eppendorf tubes versus drops.
A Case Study on Re-Cyclastic – A Move towards a Sustainable Future Develop a Corporate Plan
Authors:   Entrepreneurship and General Management, Marketing (Branding)., Amist Dr. Aparajita Dasgupta
Published: July 2021

The objective of the study was to develop a making a corporate plan which was sustainable and profitable. This involved study of what industry would be best which not only will be a good business opportunity but also support and preserve the environment in the process. Through the findings and study on various industries the report included a study of those companies which could be converted in producing less carbon or no carbon at all.
Addendum to: Polychaetes as biological indicators in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Elías Rodolfo , Méndez Nuria , Muniz Pablo , Cabanillas Rossana , Gutiérrez-Rojas Carlos , Rozbaczylo Nicolas , Londoño-Mesa Mario H. , Gárate Contreras Paulina Javiera , Cárdenas-Calle Maritza , Villamar Francisco , Laverde-Castillo Juan J. , Brauko Kalina , Araki Braga Mariana , Lana Paulo , Díaz-Díaz Oscar
Published: July 2021

Reason for addendum:
During the preparation of the original manuscript, a scientific work that dealt precisely with Polychaeta as environmental indicators in Patagonia was not considered. This being the first and only work regarding this subject, it was reasonable and necessary to incorporate this information.
Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Açısından Öğretim Programı ve Ders Kitabı İnceleme (4. Sınıf İnsan Hakları, Yurttaşlık ve Demokrasi)
Authors: IŞIK DEMİRHAN Elif
Published: July 2021

Toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ilk olarak ailede şekillenmeye başlar. Bireyin okula başlaması ile bu algı pekiştirilmekte ya da bu algıda değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Bireyin toplumsal cinsiyet algısında, eğitimin rolü yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Öğretim programları, ders kitapları, öğretmen davranışları, okul kültürü, toplumsal cinsiyet algısını etkilemektedir. Bireyin, cinsiyetinden dolayı; diğer cinsiyetten farklı normlara göre değerlendirilmesi, toplumsal yaptırımların farklılaşması, tanınan hakların sınırlandırılması; bireysel gelişim açısından, insan hakları açısından, kabul edilmemesi gereken bir durumdur. Bu çalışmanın amacı; 4. sınıf “İnsan hakları, yurttaşlık ve demokrasi” dersi öğretim programında ve ders kitabında toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine verilen önemi ve tespit edilen eksiklikleri açığa çıkarmaktır. Çalışma doküman analizi yapılarak hazırlanmış nitel bir araştırmadır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular; ders kitabında yer alan metinlerde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği vurgusu olduğu görülmektedir. Fakat kitapta yer alan görsellerde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği görülmektedir. Görsellerde meslekler temsil edilirken kalıp yargılar görülmektedir. Kazanımlarda “insan” vurgusu yapılırken temsiller hayvan resimleriyle verilmektedir. Ders kitabında 104 kadın görseline yer verilirken 196 erkek görseline yer verilmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine dayalı bir toplum oluşturulmak isteniyorsa, ders kitapları açısından yapılması gerekenler, Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Kitap İnceleme Komisyonu yayınevlerinin hazırladıkları ders kitaplarını titiz bir şekilde incelemelidir. Ders kitabı yazarları, öğrencilerin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği algısını pekiştirecek metinler yazmalıdır. Ders kitabı yazarları toplumsal cinsiyet ile kalıplaşmış meslek algısını değiştirecek metinlere ve görsellere yer vermelidir. Ders kitaplarını yazan komisyonlarda görsel tasarım uzmanı, dil uzmanı ve eğitim bilimcilerin yanı sıra toplumsal cinsiyet konusunda eğitim almış kişilere de yer verilmelidir.
Leven met evenwichtsstoornissen: wetgeving en rol van de (arbeids)arts bij rijgeschiktheid en werkhervatting van werknemers
Authors: BRAECKMAN L.
Published: July 2021

Legislation and role of the (occupational) physician in the fitness to drive and return to work of employees, in particular with a pathology of the vestibular system

It is the responsibility of every driver to verify that he meets the medical standards required to drive a vehicle. For drivers who provide paid passenger transport, a driving fitness certificate is also required in addition to a driving license. This certificate must be drawn up by the occupational physician. Persons with a disorder of the vestibular system can be declared fit to drive if they can provide a favorable report set up by a specialist in nose, throat and ear diseases. Employees confronted with balance disorders should consult with the (occupational) doctor to ascertain for which activities they are suitable and which work adjustments need to be made. This consultation is best done informally before the employee resumes work.
La participación de la mujer indígena en la democracia del ecuador
Authors: Herrera Acosta Carlos Ernesto , Mejía Chávez Eduardo Vinicio , Miranda Astudillo Hugo Roberto , Yépez Zambrano Rafael Arturo
Published: July 2021

Las mujeres en sentido general y las indígenas en particular han sido excluidas de varias actividades del ser humano, aduciendo teorías machistas y patriarcales que han discriminado y minimizado la capacidad de las féminas para ejecutar labores que a través de la historia han demostrado hacerlo mejor que los hombres, esta percepción ha marcado una diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres; la lucha de las féminas por el respeto de sus derechos, por la igualdad y equidad en el Ecuador, se origina precisamente en el sector rural, su vos de protesta y su constancia han sido un pilar fundamental en el alcance de derechos colectivos de los pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas. El articulo describe algunos aspectos relacionados con la evolución de la participación de la mujer indígena en la vida democrática y política del Ecuador; para alcanzar el propósito se realiza un análisis de la mujer indígena, de la democracia y de la participación ciudadana tomando como enfoque a la cosmovisión ancestral y mestiza, para concluir describiendo el rol de la warmi aborigen en los partidos y movimientos politos del Ecuador.
Clima organizacional y desempeño docente en la institución educativa N° 7088 “Vicealmirante Gerónimo Cafferata Marazzi”, Villa María del Triunfo, Lima 2020.
Authors: Sancho Paredes Marlene
Published: July 2021

Los estudios sobre clima organizacional y desempeño docente en las instituciones educativas, tienen especial relevancia para la calidad en la educación básica regular que surge como una reveladora problemática. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo: determinar la relación entre el clima organizacional y desempeño docente en el colegio “Vicealmirante Gerónimo Cafferata” N. 7088 de Villa María del Triunfo en Lima, Perú. Con enfoque cuantitativo, es un diseño no experimental, tipo básico, bivariada, correlacional y de nivel transversa, que utiliza como instrumento de recolección de datos dos cuestionarios y cuya población y muestra fue de 30 profesores.

El estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico y diseño no experimental, correlacional de corte transversal, y utilizó cuestionarios para la recolección de datos con una población y muestra de 30 docentes utilizó el coeficiente rho de Spearman para la contrastación hipotética. En cuyos resultados y discusión encontramos que existe relación significativa moderada y directa. Entre ambas variables: el clima organizacional y el desempeño docente de la Institución educativa 7088.
Evaluación de la actitud científica en estudiantes de educación básica. Estudio comparativo en instituciones educativas estatales en tiempos de pandemia.
Authors: Berrocal Villegas Carmen Rosa , Jaimes Yabar Fredy Armando , Berrocal Villegas Estrella
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en evaluar el desarrollo de actitud científica según la percepción de los estudiantes de educación básica, en instituciones educativas estatales en tiempos pandemia. El estudio realizado corresponde al enfoque metodológico cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo, diseño no experimental, transversal, comparativo. La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 555 estudiantes, de los cuales 195 pertenecían al tercero de secundaria, 148 al cuarto de secundaria y 212 al quinto de secundaria, para la recolección de los datos, se desarrolló una escala diseñada en línea y distribuida a través del whatsapp. El procesamiento y análisis de los resultados demuestran que existe un deficiente desarrollo de la actitud científica, así mismo no existen diferencias significativas en el nivel de desarrollo de la actitud científica, según el grado de estudios, la edad cronológica y el género.
PERCEPTION OF NURSING STAFF TOWARD THE APPLICATION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING CARE MODEL (MAKP) AND JOB SATISFACTION IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS LAHORE
Authors: Shahid Saba , Afzal Muhammad , Parveen Kousar
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Nursing care delivery is a provision of nursing care in the hospital because the nurse has 24-hour interaction with the patient. PROFESSIONAL NURSING CARE MODEL or in Indonesian language is (MAKP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the perception of nursing staff toward the application of professional nursing care model and job satisfaction. Evaluate the nurses’ perception toward the implication of nursing care model (MAKP) and job satisfaction.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in government hospital of Pakistan from February 2021 to April 2021. Sample size was 134 and sampling was conducted via simple random sampling by distributing questionnaire. Data was analyze by using the SPSS version 21.
Findings: All the participants are female. It was revealed that the nurses have sufficient knowledge about the 5 components of MAKP model and there is no relation between application of nursing care model (MAKP) with job satisfaction.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The nurses have sufficient knowledge about the 5 component of professional nursing care model and the job satisfaction has no association with the application of nursing care model except of delegation, co-ordination and leader.
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia and HD anoscopy
Authors: Procházka Robert
Published: July 2021

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a precursor lesion of anal squamous cell cancer (aSCC). aSCC is considered a rare cancer, but its incidence is on the rise and in certain high-risk populations it approaches the incidence of colorectal cancer. Although controlled randomized trials are lacking, expert opinions support screening and therapy of this anal neoplasia in the high-risk groups. AIN/aSCC belongs among neoplasia associated with HPV infection. Individuals with a higher AIN/aSCC risk can be examined by rectal smear for cytology or more sensitive HPV DNA, not unlike the cervical cancer screening. In the case of a positive result, high-resolution anoscopy is recommended. However, this is not a common practice. The goal of this study is to acquaint the gastroenterology community with the not so well known AIN diagnosis and offer a new active approach to its detection and therapy. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 18 patients indicated for flexible anal endoscopy because of their higher risk of anal neoplasia or to explain rectorrhagia after normal colonoscopic finding. We named the anal examination with the use of flexible high-definition endoscope by the new term, high definition (HD) anoscopy. The detected lesions were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or biopsied and the samples sent for histopathological evaluation by one pathologist. Among 18 examined patients, AIN was diagnosed in 12 and the riskier AIN II/III was found in 7. In most cases the lesions were type IIa or Is according to Paris classifications. In all AIN cases irregularities of the mucosal IPCL vessels (intrapapillary capillary loops) were present. Based on our results we recommend active examination of the often neglected anorectal region by the flexible HD endoscope. High resolution and digital chromoendoscopic technology of modern endoscopes offers an easy way to detect and treat AIN without a risk of anal dysfunction.
Switch from original to bio­similar adalimumab SB-5 in patients with Crohn‘s disease – long-term results
Authors: Lukáš Milan , Kolář Martin , Reissigová J. , Lukáš Martin , Černá Kateřina , Machková Naděžda , Hrubá Veronika , Vašátko Martin , Ďuricová Dana
Published: July 2021

Background and aims: Originator-adalimumab, an established treatment for patients with Crohn‘s disease (CD) showed no difference in efficacy or adverse events vs the adalimumab biosimilar SB5 (SB5-adalimumab) over 10 weeks of treatment. To understand the long-term efficacy of SB5-adalimumab in CD, patients who switched from originator-adalimumab to SB5-adalimumab were compared to a cohort who remained on originator-adalimumab over a follow up of 104 weeks. Methods: In this analysis, data on patients ≥18 years and diagnosed with CD treated at the IBD ISCARE centre were collected prospectively between July 2018 and January 2021. Clinical disease activity as measured by Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) at Week 52 was the primary outcome, while C-reactive protein (CRP), faecal calprotectin (FC), adalimumab trough levels in Weeks 10, 26, 52, 78, and 104, adverse events leading to therapy withdrawal, and persistence on treatment were secondary outcomes. To ensure comparable treatment cohorts, patients were propensity score matched (PSM) for age, gender, diagnosis, and disease activity. Results: A total of 54 patients were matched according to the given criteria in each group. At Week 52, the mean [SD] HBI score was 3.2 (2.5) in the originator-adalimumab group and 4.0 (3.6) in SB5-adalimumab patients (difference [95% CI] –0.78 [–2.8, 1.3]). Similarly, no clinically significant differences in CRP, FC, or trough levels were noted between originator-adalimumab and SB5-adalimumab cohorts through Week 52. The Kaplan-Meier estimates (95% CI) of patients remaining on treatment for the originator-adalimumab vs SB5-adalimumab cohorts were 0.870 (0.785–0.965) vs 0.648 (0.533–0.789) at Week 52. Conclusions: These long-term study results in CD patients after a non-medical switch from originator-adalimumab to SB5-adalimumab showed that the biosimilar SB5 had similar therapeutic effects as originator-adalimumab in terms of clinical disease activity, biological parameters, and pharmacokinetics profile at the primary endpoint of 52 weeks, as well as 104 weeks. Differences in persistence were not clinically driven. Persistence on treatment was lower in patients treated with biosimilar adalimumab SB-5.
Laparoscopic repair of congenital paraesophageal hernia in an 18-month-old child – a clinical case and literature review
Authors: Gura Matej , Špaková Barbora , Molnár Marián
Published: July 2021

Congenital paraesophageal hernia (CPEH) is an uncommon type of diaphragmatic hernia in the paediatric age. It can be asymptomatic, present with a variety of chronic gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms or complicated by acute gastric volvulus with strangulation in serious cases. Its rare occurrence and presentation with non-specific clinical features may delay the dia­gnosis. The principles of surgical treatment are generally well established with anti-reflux procedures included. Traditionally, surgery has been done using an open approach. Recently, laparoscopic repairs with encouraging outcomes have been reported. We present the case of an 18-month-old patient referred to an outpatient Clinic of Paediatric Surgery with incidental X-ray finding of CPEH type II confirmed by CT scan. The patient underwent an elective laparoscopy accompanied with Nissen fundoplication. According to our experience and literature review, we suggest laparoscopic repair of CPEH as an effective and safe method of treatment in infants and children.
Imágenes que tiemblan. Jacques Derrida, Georges Didi-Huberman y la política del arte
Authors: Villalobos-Ruminott Sergio
Published: July 2021

El siguiente trabajo intenta determinar la posible convergencia de las contri- buciones de Georges Didi-Huberman y Jacques Derrida a la cuestión del arte y la política o, más precisamente, a la cuestión política del arte. Para pensar esta cuestión, sin embargo, tomaremos como marco de referencia la famosa oposición entre estetización de la política y politización de la estética, elaborada por Walter Benjamin en su famoso ensayo sobre la obra de arte. A partir de allí, sostendremos que las contribuciones de Didi-Huberman y Derrida permiten complejizar no sólo las nociones convencionales de arte y política, historia y sujeto, verdad y representación, mímesis y obra, etcétera, sino incluso pensar la misma relación arte-política más allá de la lectura instrumental que piensa al arte como vehículo de politización o de radicalización, y lo reduce a una prácti- ca representacional, ilustrativa y, finalmente, pedagógica.
Defensoria Pública e legitimação social do direito: uma análise sobre reconhecimento e paridade participativa na tutela de grupos vulneráveis
Authors: De Sousa Santos Cristian Patric , Freire Soares Ricardo Maurício
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo pretende avaliar o papel das Defensorias Públicas na tutela de grupos vulneráveis como contributo para a legitimação social do Direito. A partir da análise da luta pelo reconhecimento proposta por Axel Honneth e a releitura proposta por Nancy Fraser sobre reconhecimento e redistribuição, analisa-se a Defensoria Pública como órgão que representa paridade participativa na construção de narrativas emancipatórias de grupos estigmatizados, alijados de processos de participação política.
Compliance ambiental-energético e a ecoeficiência empresarial: cenário na pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Vasconcelos Priscila Elise Alves , Mello Cleyson de Moraes , Vasconcelos Paulo Sérgio
Published: July 2021

A busca pela efetividade das políticas públicas ambientais é um dos grandes desafios do século XXI. Para tanto, em uma análise do contexto gerencial estratégico, técnicas de gestão corporativa passaram a ser utilizadas de forma a viabilizar o alcance da ecoeficiência. No setor de energia, não se perfaz de forma distinta. Passou-se a utilizar o compliance como mecanismo de gestão e alcance dos paradigmas de sustentabilidade. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no contexto exploratório e bibliográfico, com análise de dados oficiais, artigos científicos das principais bases de dados e literatura específica. Ao final, foi possível constatar a importância da aplicação da técnica junto às organizações do setor, bem como sua influência no período da pandemia da Covid-19 em 2020.
La fundamentación logicista de la matemática
Authors: Carnap Rudolf
Published: July 2021

Se trata de la traducción al español de Valeria Sol Valiño del texto clásico de Rudolf Carnap “La fundamentación logicista de la matemática”, cuyo título original es “Die logizistische Grundlegung der Mathematik” y fue presentado en el Simposio de Königsberg sobre Fundamentos de la  Matemática de 1930, publicándose en Erkenntnis en 1931.
Pascal. Entre la geometría y la filosofía natural
Authors: Madrid Casado Carlos M.
Published: July 2021

Blaise Pascal nace en 1623 y muere, con 39 años, en 1662. Durante su corta y trágica vida se significó como matemático, científico, polemista, apologista y filósofo. Antes de la quiebra en dos de su vida, como consecuencia de su conversión definitiva, Pascal puede ser descrito como un geómetra y un filósofo natural de primer rango. De una vida orientada a las ciencias pasó en 1654 a una vida consagrada, casi en exclusiva, a la religión. El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar y analizar críticamente, saliendo al paso de algunas interpretaciones que se han convertido en tópicas con el paso del tiempo, las contribuciones científicas del paradójico polímata francés.
Conversaciones con C. Ulises Moulines
Authors: Abreu Cláudio , Lorenzano Pablo
Published: July 2021

Nacido el 26 de octubre de 1946, Carlos Ulises Moulines realizó estudios de física, filosofía y psicología en la Universidad de Barcelona, obteniendo la Licenciatura en filosofía en esa misma universidad y el doctorado en filosofía en la Universidad de Múnich, bajo la dirección de Wolfgang Stegmüller. Es uno de los más destacados filósofos de la ciencia de la actualidad y uno de los exponentes más destacados del estructuralismo metacientífico. En la presente entrevista habla de aspectos biográficos, de filosofía de la ciencia en general y de temas específicos, además de presentar sus impresiones sobre algunos temas referentes a la vida académica.
estatus fáctico de la cladística: aportes desde una reconstrucción estructuralista
Authors: Roffé Ariel Jonathan
Published: July 2021

En el presente trabajo se analiza la controversia existente en el marco de la sistemática biológica en torno al estatus de la cladística. La utilización del método de parsimonia para la reconstrucción filogenética ha sido defendida apelando a un principio metodológico de simplicidad, así como a principios fácticos externos a la propia sistemática. Se propone aquí un nuevo tipo de enfoque, que consiste en considerarla una teoría fáctica, siendo su aplicación justificada por su éxito empírico. Para defender este punto se brindará una reconstrucción formal estructuralista de la cladística, que ayudará a clarificar cuáles son sus afirmaciones fácticas centrales. A su vez, se muestra cómo estos principios fácticos han sido utilizados para contrastar a tal teoría utilizando filogenias experimentales.
La canción de Walther von der Vogelweide acerca de un amor de ensueño y el quásar 3 C 273. Consideraciones sobre el llamado círculo de la comprensión y sobre la llamada carga teórica de la observación
Authors: Stegmüller Wolfgang
Published: July 2021

Se trata de la traducción al español de Cláudio Abreu y René Campis del texto de Wolfgang Stegmüller “La canción de Walther von der Vogelweide acerca de un amor de ensueño y el quásar 3 C 273. Consideraciones sobre el llamado círculo de la comprensión y sobre la llamada carga teórica de la observación”, cuyo título original es “Walther von der Vogelweides Lied von der Traumliebe und Quasar 3 C 273 – Betrachtungen zum sogenannten Zirkel des Verstehens und zur sogenannten Theorienbeladenheit der Beobachtungen”, y fue publicado en 1979.
Avanzar demasiado rápido: la elaboración de una hipótesis ad hoc
Authors: Scott Sarah L.
Published: July 2021

Una disputa científica puede girar crucialmente sobre si una hipótesis es ad hoc o no. Así, es extremadamente importante determinar qué hace ad hoc a una hipótesis. Sin embargo, los tratamientos previos han fracasado o bien debido a que se han visto entremezclados con el problema de Quine-Duhem o bien debido a otros defectos mayores.
Desarrollo un tratamiento novedoso de la ad hocidad. Propongo que una hipótesis es ad hoc cuando evidencia disconfirmatoria lleva a los científicos a aceptar esa hipótesis en su teoría, aun cuando el núcleo de la teoría, en combinación con las hipótesis auxiliares y la evidencia, no implican la hipótesis.
Reseña de Caponi, Gustavo, La segunda agenda darwiniana. Contribución preliminar a la historia del programa adaptacionista, México: Centro de Estudios Filosóficos, Políticos y Sociales Vicente Lombardo Toledano, 2011
Authors: Blanco Daniel
Published: July 2021

Se trata de la reseña escrita por Daniel Blanco del libro de Gustavo Caponi, La segunda agenda darwiniana. Contribución preliminar a la historia del programa adaptacionista.
Reseña de McShea, Daniel W. y Robert N. Brandon, Biology’s First Law: The Tendency for Diversity and Complexity to Increase in Evolutionary Systems, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010, 184 pp.
Authors: Roffé Ariel
Published: July 2021

Se trata de la reseña escrita por Ariel Roffé del libro escrito por el biólogo Daniel W. McShea y el filósofo de la biología Robert N. Brandon, The Tendency for Diversity and Complexity to Increase in Evolutionary Systems, en el cual desafían las explicaciones explícitas encontradas en la literatura acerca del origen de la diversidad y la complejidad en los seres vivos.
A Matter of Method: British Aristotelianism and the New Science
Authors: Sacco Francesco Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

Since long, the origins of modern science have been a topic of debates and controversies between continuist and discontinuistic historical approaches. Despite their differences, these approaches shared the emphasis on scientific methodology. But in the last decades of the twentieth century, historians and philosophers of science proposed critical approaches to methodology which radically altered the debate on the origins of modern science. Two historians, Steffen Ducheyne and Marco Sgarbi have recently offered a reappraisal of the traditional continuist theses, with respect to the influence of British Aristotelianism on Newton and early modern Empiricist philosophers. This paper aims to evaluate their impact on current historiographical debates, and will also offer some criticism of their main theses.
Lo vivo en la era neoliberal: la OCDE y el desarrollo de la bioeconomía en México
Authors: Delgado Abigail Nieves
Published: July 2021

La bioeconomía es un modelo económico que promueve el uso de la biotecnología para la creación de bienes que permitan resolver los problemas sociales y ambientales contemporáneos. La OCDE ha tomado a la bioeconomía como centro de su programa para el futuro. Recientemente en México sucedieron dos eventos importantes en el desarrollo de la biotecnología: la aprobación de la Ley de Semillas y la construcción del INMEGEN. Ambos forman parte de una agenda nacional para desarrollar la economía del conocimiento en México. A partir del análisis de videos y documentos es posible ver que esta agenda es resultado de la influencia de organismos internacionales como la OCDE. Poner a la OCDE dentro del cuadro ayuda a entender por qué el incumplimiento de las promesas biotecnológicas no perjudican el futuro de la bioeconomía. Por esto, es importante considerar a la OCDE como factor influyente en el desarrollo de la biotecnología y la genómica en México.
Prefacio
Authors: García de la Sienra Adolfo , Lorenzano Pablo
Published: July 2021

Prefacio al volumen temático Estructuralismo metateórico: algunos desarrollos y aplicaciones recientes.
Introducción: Las concepciones modelísticas y la concepción estructuralista de las teorías
Authors: Moulines C. Ulises
Published: July 2021

Se exponen y analizan críticamente las concepciones epistemológicas y metodológicas que han dominado la filosofía de la ciencia durante el último tercio del siglo XX y comienzos del siglo XXI. Todas ellas revelan ciertas semejanzas entre sí, que permiten agruparlas bajo una misma familia de concepciones que podemos describir como “modelísticas” o “semanticistas”, pues en ellas la noción semántica de “modelo” desempeña un papel central –si bien también hay divergencias importantes entre ellas–. Las concepciones modelísticas consideradas aquí son: la axiomática conjuntista de la Escuela de Stanford, el representacionalismo de Patrick Suppes y sus colaboradores, el representacionalismo de Günther Ludwig, los enfoques emparentados de Bas van Fraassen, Frederick Suppe y Ronald Giere, así como el estructuralismo metateórico fundado por Joseph D. Sneed y Wolfgang Stegmüller.
La teoría freudiana de la histeria. Una reconstrucción nominalista
Authors: Lorenzano César
Published: July 2021

Dora, una joven de 18 años es llevada por su padre a la consulta de Freud, por tener diversos signos y síntomas sucesivos o conjuntos que casi la imposibilitan: tos nerviosa, ronquera, ataques de apendicitis, etc., que Freud diagnostica como histeria. En el curso del tratamiento, descubre que Dora conoce a fondo la sexualidad humana, incluso las –así llamadas– perversiones, y que está enamorada del señor K, de la señora K, quizás de su padre; mantiene intensas relaciones con otras figuras femeninas, y sueña con casas que se incendian. Al tiempo que narra sus encuentros, Freud construye ante nuestros ojos su concepción psicoanalítica de la histeria. De ese material se extraen –siguiendo las distinciones de la concepción estructuralista– sus elementos y leyes fundamentales, describiéndose con ellos a Dora y a los demás casos de histeria que se asemejen a este caso paradigmático. La reconstrucción resultante da cuenta de la teoría freudiana de la histeria, sin apelar –ni comenzar con– la descripción de estructuras matemáticas abstractas, como acontece habitualmente en el estructuralismo. Se trata, en suma, de una reconstrucción de los ejemplares de la teoría, que satisface todos los requerimientos usuales exigidos a un análisis estructural. Se resuelven de esta manera tensiones ontológicas presentes en esta concepción, mostrándose que puede ser expuesta con un monismo ontológico y epistemológico de corte fisicalista y nominalista.
Un modelo para la música: teoría del ritmo
Authors: Popoca Jesús Lara
Published: July 2021

En este artículo me propongo utilizar métodos conjuntistas para elaborar la teoría del ritmo musical. Partiendo de una noción de estructura musical rigurosamente definida, el trabajo desarrolla los conceptos básicos de la teoría del ritmo extendiendo los conceptos presentados en Lara (inédito) para poder plantear posteriormente un modelo para la teoría musical que comprenda tanto la teoría de las alturas como la del ritmo.
La epistemología médica de Claude Bernard
Authors: Lorenzano César
Published: July 2021

El artículo muestra que el método experimental de la fisiología, que Claude Bernard expone casi setenta años antes que Karl Popper, coincide hasta en sus términos con el método hipotético-deductivo. Sin embargo era y es mayormente desconocido por los filósofos de la ciencia pese a que se estructurando las investigaciones del área biológica, o los escritos psicoanalíticos de Freud –que como buen neurofisiólogo formado en París conocía a fondo–.La reconstrucción de las investigaciones en las que Claude Bernard descubre los mecanismos que hacen que el nivel de glucosa en sangre sea constante aunque la ingesta de hidratos de carbono no lo sea, el caso inicial, paradigmático, de la fisiología, permite identificar un núcleo específico de términos interrelacionados –una estructura– que hace que la comunidad de fisiólogos investigue valores que permanecen constantes en los más diversos procesos –digestivos, hormonales, neurológicos, circulatorios- y desentrañe los mecanismos -homeostáticos– que lo posibilitan.Se propone, además que la noción de homeostasis –central para la fisiología– es retomada como retroalimentación en la cibernética y como regulación en la economía.La filosofía de la medicina, todavía en cuestión en 1976, había señalado el camino del método y la estructura de la ciencia mucho tiempo antes que la filosofía de la ciencia. Pero esta no lo sabía.
Imagen de Mario Bunge
Authors: Romero Gustavo E. , Jacovkis Pablo M.
Published: July 2021

Imagen de Mario Bunge
Diagramas y esquemas en y sobre la genética mendeliana
Authors: Casanueva Mario
Published: July 2021

A pesar de su importancia creciente los diagramas, esquemas y bocetos aún son un territorio relativamente poco explorado en la filosofía de la biología. Se presenta un diagrama, en formato grafo-modelo, que recupera la estructura conceptual de la genética mendeliana. Este diagrama se usa como herramienta de análisis epistemológico de otro diagrama que puede ser considerado paradigmático en la genética clásica: el cuadro de Punnett.