bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management: A Case Study of Sanghar City
Authors: Bhatti Laraib , Talpur Mir Aftab Hussain , Memon Irfan Ahmed , Chandio Imtiaz Ahmed , Shaikh Fahad Ahmed
Published: September 2021

The rapid increase in urbanization and population, is generating massive solid waste (SW) in cities. Mismanagement of MSW collection is creating, health hazards, socio-economic problems, and deteriorating environments. This research aimed to examine the SWM problems and to identify SWM issues through the inhabitant's perspective and to propose a sustainable method to control, collect, treat, utilize and disposing of Municipal SW in Sanghar City. Hence, the objective of this study is to achieve through cluster sampling, For the residential questionnaire study, a sample size of 384 was obtained and descriptive statistics and regression and correlation analysis methods have been used to evaluate the data collected. As a result, the collection of MSW is quite inappropriate and constricted to the influential area and solid waste keeps on scattered throughout the remaining areas. In recent years, mismanagement MSW has become a major problem in Sanghar city. The key problems of SW in the city are indiscriminate disposal, improper collection, inadequate storage, and insufficient facilities. To address these issues, the management of the disposal of SW must be carried out with the complete participation of the respective communities.
Diagnostic Study of Salmonella typhimurium in Patient and Cattle
Authors: Habeeb Zainab Sami , AL-Shawi Amil majid , Fathi Muniem M.
Published: September 2021

A total of (150) stool samples were collected from patient with diarrhea in Baghdad hospital and Al - Thahab. Al-Aboiath village. A total of (27) isolates were identified as member of the genous Salmonella, Serotype typhimurium of a percentage of 18 % of the total samples.Another(150) stool sample were collected from suspected calves and cows in some of Baghdad villages and dairy cattle stations 

The identified isolates as member of Salmonella,serotype typhimurium were (7) at a percentage of 4.5% of the total taken samples. The study extend from December 2001 till May 2002. 

Different biochemical tests were applied to differentiate the isolates from other enteric micro organism, Including the classical and newly introduced methodologies(i.e.,api 20E) in addition to the type and serotype determination using standard mono specific and polyvalent antisera. All the isolates showed no changes in there characteristic features.
Analisi Peran Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Kahoot Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Widya Ayuningtyas Karin , Zulfah Nadhirotuz
Published: September 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic that has spread throughout the country has made the government decide teaching and learning activities to be carried out boldly (online). Learning makes students bored and eventually lazy to learn. Researchers are trying to create new breakthroughs to increase student learning motivation to increase, namely by utilizing interactive learning media based on kahoot in brave learning. This study uses a literature review method where the data obtained from research comes from articles or journals that are relevant to the topic, or other people's research results are then analyzed again to draw a conclusion. The results of this research kahoot interactive media can be used in bold learning because of its easy use and includes a link or website so that it can be accessed by students. This interactive media also makes students not easily bored in the learning process. Learning that increases in fun can make students' learning motivation, this is because students do not feel bored easily when learning takes place, so students feel motivated and feel comfortable when learning using Kahoot media.
Aplikasi Google Meet dan Power Point untuk Pembelajaran Sejarah Indonesia pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Harinto Stepanus
Published: September 2021

The learning approach of Indonesia History using by Google Meet and Power Point in Covid 19 Pandemi era have background of the application by WhatsApp, Google Classroom, MsWord, Google Form, Google Drive hasn’t been resulted in daily assessment is very bad. This application increase the meeting by using Google Meet and Power Point. The purpose of it to develop the result of the daily assessment for students in studying Indonesia History in class AKL 1 SMK Negeri 1 Bawang in the second semester of 2020-2021. By addition of this application of Google Meet and Power Point in rate of 75, after the application has been done the result is about 80, 28. It can be included that the increasing of the application of Google Meet and Power Point is very useful significantly.
Perkembangan LKPD Berbasis Kearifan Lokal pada Materi-Materi Bencana Alam untuk Siswa SD Kelas I
Authors: Fatmawati Laila , Irawati Pristiya , Inang Pambudi Dholina , Purwadi Purwadi , Santoso Budi
Published: September 2021

Student worksheets/Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) that promote local wisdom are still rarely found in elementary schools. Therefore, it is necessary to develop LKPD that supports the delivery of materials for the local wisdom preservation. This research aims to develop the LKPD based on local wisdom of natural disaster material for 1st grade elementary school students. The type of this research is Research and Development (RnD). The development procedure adopts the ADDIE model. The subject was the 1st Grade students at Unggulan Aisyiyah Elementary School in Bantul. However, due to the coronavirus pandemic, the research was only conducted until the validation test stage by expert lecturers. The data retrieval techniques were observations and interviews. The data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis. The criteria for the successful creation of LKPD can be seen from the assessment of validation experts. The results of the assessment by media experts are 77 "Very Worthy", by material experts are 80 "Very Worthy", by linguists is 82.5 "Very Worthy", and by teaching experts is 89.5 "Very Worthy". Thus, the average score is 82.25 "Very Decent", which if converted in qualitative data falls into the category "Very Decent". Thus, LKPD based on local wisdom of natural disaster materials for 1st grade students of elementary school is eligible to be used as a support for teaching materials.
Acute Kidney Injury in High-Risk Patients in Cardiac Surgery of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gogayeva Olena , Rudenko Anatoliy V. , Lazoryshynets Vasyl V.
Published: September 2021

The aim. To analyze the features of the perioperative period in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Materials and methods. A post-hoc analysis of 354 high-risk patients with various forms of CAD who were operated and discharged from the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the NAMS of Ukraine from January 2009 till December 2019. All the patients underwent clinical and laboratory tests, ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography, ventriculography and surgical myocardial revascularization with correction of concomitant cardiac pathology. Based on serum creatinine, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated based on CKD-EPI equation on admission, on day 1 after surgery and at discharge. Results. On admission, 132 (37.2%) patients had chronic kidney disease (CKD) with GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Postoperative AKI occurred in 10 (2.8%) patients, with a predominance of patients with complicated forms of CAD (p = 0.0249), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0109). There was no dependence of the occurrence of AKI on age (p = 0.6755), the initial stage of CKD (p = 0.4601) and the Charlson comorbidity index (p = 1.0000). However, AKI more often developed during on-pump operations (p = 0.0333) using cardioplegia (p = 0.0164) and was associated with longer duration (p = 0.0007) and higher blood loss (p = 0.0001). In the early postoperative period, patients with AKI more often developed acute heart failure (p = 0.0051), anemia (p = 0.0176) and were characterized by a longer length of stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.0010) and at the Institute after surgery (p = 0.0363). Conclusions. Perioperative prevention of nephrological complications involves limitation of the use of nephrotoxic drugs, compensation of comorbid conditions and reduction of intraoperative ischemic time.
National Mentality and Risks of the Transformation of Belarusian Society
Authors: Anohina Victoria V.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the socio-cultural risks of the modernization of Belarusian society as well as the opportunities to minimize these through communication mechanisms of cultural tradition. Since in the postmodern conditions social transformation takes the form of a “reflexive” modernization, its inherent risks should be considered as closely linked with globalization of culture, in particular, with glocalization, pluralization of social identity, hybridization of cultural traditions, fragmentation of the “lifeworld” and of the nation’s historical memory. The author considers various levels of the structure of cultural tradition, paying special attention to the national mentality as its basic layer. The goal of this paper is to show how the specific features of Belarusian mentality become sources of risk and to reveal the role of cultural traditions in preventing or reducing such risks. Analyzing different strategies for constructing the national identity, the author defines the vulnerabilities involved. It argues that the formation of modern forms of national identity in Belarusian society is due to interaction of at least two identification models: the “strong” and “weak” ones. By analyzing the specifics of the “strong” national identity of Belarusians, the author notes that its poles – the nationalist and the patriotic ones – are largely compatible and do not respond to the most urgent challenges. On the contrary, the model of a “weak” identity has a high capacity to adapt to the conditions of “reflexive” modernization. This model is implemented in the process of constructing a pluralistic civic identity of Belarusians, but it has potential risks, especially in conditions of geopolitical turbulence and external pressure on Belarusian society. A reflexive attitude to the past is considered a possibility to minimize such risks, to avoid or to limit potential adverse impacts of social mobilization or national identity construction. It is emphasized that discussions about the past should be carried out in the form of a dialogue that meets the rules and requirements of communicative rationality.
La función preventiva de la orientación familiar en educación
Authors: Barzaga Sablón Oscar Santiago , Balda Zambrano Harry-Darío , Zambrano Intriago Grey Zita Gean , Guzmán Ramírez Antonio Clarencio , León García Melisa Anabel
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo aborda una de las problemáticas más acuciantes de la actualidad, la función preventiva de la orientación familiar en el contexto de la sociedad del riesgo. El objetivo es valorar la función preventiva de la orientación familiar, a través de un diagnóstico del estado actual del objeto de estudio, enmarcado en la provincia de Manabí en el Ecuador. A partir de un diagnóstico del estado de la función de prevención de la orientación familiar, donde se analizan los factores que limitan el proceso de prevención, teniendo en cuenta la teoría y la metodología vinculada con aspectos estructurales de la prevención como: la teoría y metodología del análisis de riesgo y la teoría y metodología de la toma de decisiones. Entre los resultados se encuentran la propuesta de una definición mucho más completa de prevención para la orientación y una caracterización de la función de prevención de la orientación familiar. La metodología se fundamenta en la aplicación de métodos teóricos como: la abstracción científica, el método comparativo y el método sistémico estructural funcional. Entre los métodos empíricos utilizados se sitúan: la entrevista científica y el análisis de documentos.
Estrategia para el desarrollo de la comunicación escrita en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Zambrano Intriago Grey Zita Gean , Barzaga Sablón Oscar Santiago , Balda Zambrano Rubén Darío , Zambrano Intriago Giselle Catherine , Sanz Martínez Oneida
Published: September 2021

El presente trabajo aborda las fortalezas y limitaciones de la comunicación escrita en los estudiantes universitarios. Se implementó una estrategia para el desarrollo de la comunicación escrita, cuyo resultado fue validado a través de un experimento. El objetivo es evaluar los resultados obtenidos de la Estrategia para el perfeccionamiento de la comunicación escrita en los estudiantes de la carrera de Enseñanza Básica. Se evidenció la efectividad de la mencionada estrategia donde se logra un mayor rendimiento académico en el aprendizaje y un desarrollo intelectual. Entre los métodos empleados se sitúa el experimento científico, la medición científica, el análisis de documentos y de contenidos. Los datos se analizaron mediante la aplicación de métodos estadísticos descriptivos e inferencial para demostrar la hipótesis, que permitió validar la estrategia empleada de enseñanza. Los métodos teóricos utilizados fueron: el método comparativo, el hipotético deductivo, la modelación científica y el sistémico estructural funcional. De los resultados obtenidos, los más significativos se sitúan la potencialización del aprendizaje de la comunicación escrita, elevando los resultados docentes, y los niveles de motivación e interés en el aprendizaje.
Actitudes hacia las TIC y uso de los entornos virtuales en docentes universitarios en tiempos de pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Ruiz-Aquino Mely , Borneo Cantalicio Eler , Alania-Contreras Rubén Darío , Garcia Ponce Edison Siles , Zevallos Acosta Uladislao
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación ha sido determinar la relación entre la actitud hacia las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC) y el uso de los entornos virtuales de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los docentes de la Universidad de Huánuco (Perú), en tiempos de la COVID-19. El estudio se sustentó en el paradigma positivista, enfoque cuantitativo, método analítico y diseño correlacional. La muestra estuvo integrada por 210 docenes a quienes se les aplicó la escala de actitud del docente hacia las TIC y el cuestionario de uso de entornos virtuales en enseñanza-aprendizaje. Como resultado, se halló una relación positiva (rs = .53) y significativa (p = .00) entre ambas variables. Se concluyó que el uso de los entornos virtuales está relacionado positiva y significativamente con las actitudes hacia las TIC en los docentes universitarios de la muestra; es decir, a mayor actitud positiva hacia las TIC mayor uso de los entornos virtuales.
The nexus between poverty and socio-economic characteristics of the household and household head: Evidence from Sierra Leone
Authors:   Africa Graduate University, Uganda, Turay Abu Bakarr
Published: September 2021

Household poverty is widespread in Sierra Leone, affecting about 6 out of every 10 persons, which calls for urgent policy action. This study used the 2018 Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey (2018 SLIHS) and a logistic model to analyze the influence of socio-economic characteristics of the household and household head on poverty. The analysis has shown that living in rural areas, having no formal education, or being unemployed, significantly increases the probability of a household being in extreme poverty. Other factors contributing to household extreme poverty status were: have a large household size with many children below 10 years, being separated from a spouse (widowed or divorced), being disabled, and working in the agriculture sector. On the other hand, the characteristics that decrease the probability of a household being poor include being a female household head, having at least secondary school education (notably tertiary education), residing in urban areas or cities, working in the services sector, and being single or married. Therefore, enhancing service delivery through a viable decentralization process, and supporting easily accessible quality education programmes, especially tertiary education, are critical for meaningful poverty reduction across all sections of the population. Keywords: Poverty, household, socio-economic characteristics, logistics model.
Deteksi Dini Pencegahan CA Servik dengan Pemeriksaan IVA Pap Smear di Rumah Cantik Almira Beauty Desa Tunggalpager Kec. Pungging Kab. Mojokerto Bekerja Sama dengan PKBI Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Idayanti Titiek , Umami Siti Fithrotul , Zubaidah Risna , Anggraeni Widya
Published: September 2021

Kanker serviks merupakan keganasan yang berasal dari serviks dan merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian pada wanita. Penyebab dari kanker serviks adalah infeksi Human Vapiloma Virus (HPV). HPV ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual dan ditemukan pada 95% kasus kanker serviks. Data dari WHO (World Health Organization), kanker merupakan penyebab kematian nomor 2 di dunia. Kurangnya pengetahuan wanita usia subur tentang kanker serviks dapat berdampak pada tidak adanya perilaku untuk melakukan pemeriksaan dini dengan tindakan IVA. Dampak kanker serviks jika tidak segera dilakukan pemeriksaan pada organ reproduksi serviks beresiko keadaan kesehatannya telah menjadi kritis atau penyakit sudah mencapai pada tahap stadium lanjut sehingga dapat berunjung pada kematian.

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan tujuan membantu semua wanita usia subur yang ada di Desa Tunggalpager Kecamatan Pungging Kabupaten Mojokerto untuk dapat menditeksi secara dini adanya kelainan atau kondisi yang menunjukkan adanya tanda – tanda kearah kanker servik dengan melakukan pemeriksaan IVA dan Pap Smear. Kegiatan ini bertempat di RumahCantik Almira Beauty, yang di ikuti sejumlah 38 peserta. Sebelum pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan IVA & Pap Smear, pasien dikumpulkan untuk diberikan edukasi tentang pengertian CA Servik, factor penyebabnya dan bagaimana cara mencegahnya. Setelah itu, setelah itu peserta di bagi 2 kelompok, masing – masing kelompok terdiri dari 14 oarang. Dari 14 peserta yang dilakukan pemeriksaan IVA didapatkan hasil 3 peserta terdapat kelainan servik yang dicurigai kea rah CA Servik. Sedangkan 14 peserta yang dilakukan pemeriksaan Pap Smear didapatkan hasil 6 pasien mengalami vaginitis.

Keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini diharapkan dengan mengetahui secara dini hasil pemeriksaan IVA Pap Smear, dan telah mendapatkan edukasi tentang CA Servik, diharapkan ibu – ibu aau peserta yang ikut dapat menjaga kesehatan reprodukasinya dan menerapakan pola hidup bersih dan sehat agar dapat meminimalkan dan mencegah terjadinya CA Servik. Setalah memahami pentingnya diteksi dini CA Servik dengan melakukan pemeriksaan IVA Pap Smear ini, diharapkan pula semua wanita usia subur tidak perlu takut untuk melakukan pemeriksaan IVA Pap Smear dan dapat melakukannya secara rutin setiap 1 tahun sekali.
Penerapan Akad Ar-Rahn Pada Produk Mulia di PT. Pegadaian Unit Syariah Sigli.
Authors: Maisara Melati Sari
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penerapan akad ­ar-rahn pada produk Mulia di Pegadaian Unit Syariah Sigli selama ini di praktikkan Pegadaian Unit Syariah Siglidan melihat tingkat kesesuaiannya dengan konsep hukum Islam. Dalam praktik Pegadaian Unit Syariah Sigli menggunakan akad ar-rahn ini sebagai akad pokok dalam produk Mulia (emas batangan) dengan jangka waktunya minimal 3 (tiga) bulan dan maksimal 36 (tiga puluh enam) bulan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, telaah kepustakaan (library research) dan melakukan penelitian lapangan (field research). Adapun teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu teknik observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan dan mekanisme produk Mulia di Pegadaian Unit Syariah Sigli menggunakan akad ar-rahn sebagai akad pokok produk Mulia dengan membayar uang muka 15%, objek dari akad ini adalah emas logam Mulia dana dan biaya-biaya yang harus ditanggung oleh nasabah seperti, biaya pemeliharaan dan perawatan barang, biaya administrasi serta denda keterlambatan minimal 2% dan maksimal 4% yang mana akan memberatkan pihak nasabah dan dapat berpotensi merujuk kepada gharar. Pengelolaan biaya pada Pegadaian Unit Syariah Sigli menetapkan adanya biaya administrasi yang berdasarkan besarnya biaya Rill yang dikeluarkan, seperti; biaya perlengkapan dan biaya tenaga kerja serta rahin dijaminankan pada perusahaan asuransi. Menurut hukum Islam penerapan akad ar-rahn pada produk Mulia ini dipandang sah karena adanya kejalasan antara kedua belah pihak serta saling ridha. Akan tetapi dalam praktinya nasabah tetap dirugikan karena adanya biaya penyimpanan atas barang jaminan, serta biaya administrasi yang gilirannya bisa berpotensi menimbulkan gharra.
Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire on the screening of sleep disorders
Authors: Batkhuyag Enkhzaya , Tumurbaatar Enkhnaran , Lkhagvasuren Battuvshin , Perenleisambuu Enkh-Uchral , Bat-Erdene Enkhjin , Dashtseren Myagmartseren , Duurenjargal Otgontuya , Zeng Xihua , Tumur-Ochir Gantsetseg
Published: September 2021

Sleep is a vital component for maintaining good physical and mental health. When sleep is disordered, it can adversely affect an individual's mental and physical wellbeing. Although a variety of single specific disorder measurements are available for specialized clinicians use across the globe, to date, there are no proper screening instruments available for screening multiple sleep disorders at the primary care level. The purpose of this study is to determine the test-retest reliability of the sleep disorder screening questionnaire (SDSQ) for detecting multiple sleep disorders among the Mongolian population. A total of 366 university students were recruited for participation. SDSQ was administrated to all participants on two occasions two weeks apart. The test-retest reliability intra-class correlation (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha of the SDSQ were calculated. The sample consisted of 194 (53%) females, and 172 (47%) males, with a mean age of 21.6. Observed test-retest reliability was ranged from 0.53 to 0.81. The SDSQ was found to have excellent internal consistency with an alpha=0.950. The external validity of SDSQ revealed strong test-retest reliability in the current study population. The discriminant and convergent validity studies are required for the further improvement of the construct of the SDSQ.
To the 85th anniversary of professor Veniamin Arsenievich Sitnikov
Authors: Styazhkina S. N. , Zarivchatsky M. F. , Zaitsev D. V. , Vasiliev A. D. , Kolesnikov R. P.
Published: September 2021

January 2, 2021 marks the 85th anniversary of Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Member of the European Association of Intensive Care, Academician of the Russian Academy of Laser Sciences, member of the International Association of Hepatology Surgeons, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation Sitnikov Veniamin Arsenyevich. This article is devoted to the study of his biography, the description of his merits and achievements in medicine throughout his life. It is very important to know and remember such people who have devoted their entire lives to science and helping people.
Modern clinical laboratory aspects of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Sumlivaia O. N. , Nevzorova M. S. , Sayfitova A. T. , Vysotin S. A.
Published: September 2021

Aim. Assess the current diagnostic value of clinical laboratory markers of liver damage in chronic viral hepatitis C. Materials and methods. Comprehensive clinical examination of 194 patients with the diagnosis chronic hepatitis C and 73 almost healthy faces was conducted. Results. According to the clinical examination, 91% of patients have hepatomegaly. According to the results of elastography, the subgroup without fibrosis F0 49 (25%) people, with fibrosis of stages F1-F3-145 (75%) patients. The occurrence of HCV genotypes was: HCV-1-33%, HCV-2-12% and HCV-3-55%. The virusemia indicator showed large variations of values. During the research it was established that indirect indicators of a fibrosis of a liver: levels of AST and ALT, GGTP, a direct and general bilirubin, the APRI index are authentically exceeded by indexes of control group while the level of thrombocytes and de Ritis’s coefficient authentically decrease. Conclusions. The current course of chronic hepatitis C occurs with hepatomegalia, often associated with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular damage. The most common virus among patients is the HVC-3 genotype virus. When examining indirect markers of fibrosis in viral hepatitis C, the APRI test is an early predictor and has high predictive value. Platelet levels decrease with viral liver damage. As a consequence, the APRI index increases and the de Ritis ratio decreases.
Hepatic encephalopathy: modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Podymova S. D. , Vinnitskaya E. V. , Khaimenova T. Yu.
Published: September 2021

A new approach to the diagnosis of PE has been the identification of latent and overt PE in recent years. The detailed assessment of the stages of PE presented in the paper actually reflects the severity of the disease. The diagnosis of latent PE is established based on the results of at least two psychometric tests repeated in dynamics, and the data of one computerized test. The diagnosis of apparent PE is often made by “excluding” other possible causes of brain dysfunction. It is shown that effective therapy of PE is based not only on the features of the pathogenesis, but is impossible without taking into account the various variants of the course of PE, the severity of the disease. Based on randomized controlled trials conducted in recent years, an effective strategy for the treatment of various forms of PE has been developed: episodic, recurrent. Recurrent, therapy-resistant, and obvious PE in the presence of hepatic insufficiency is an indication for liver transplantation.
İzmir Narlıdere'de Kentsel Dönüşüm Projesinin Uygulanmasında Gecekondu Maliklerinin Karşılaşabileceği Sorunlar
Authors: UYSAL Ayça , ARSLAN AVAR Adile
Published: September 2021

Çalışma, eleştirel kent teorisine dayanarak, İzmir’de neoliberal konut üretimi sürecinde yoksulların konut sorununu ele almaktadır. Araştırmanın problemi, neoliberal konut üretiminin yarattığı rant boşluğu baskısı ile yoksulların mülksüzleşmesidir. Çalışma metodolojik olarak çoğulcudur. Kurumsal, ikincil, mekânsal ve sayısal veriye, niceliksel ve niteliksel alan araştırmasına dayanarak, Narlıdere ilçesi İkinci İnönü Mahallesi gecekondu alanında yaşayan yoksulların neoliberal konut üretimi karşısındaki durumlarını incelemektedir. Çalışma alanı, lüks konut gelişimlerinin arasında sıkışmış bir gecekondu bölgesidir. Alan, Narlıdere ilçesinde bulunan Çatalkaya, Narlı ve Atatürk Mahallelerindeki gecekondu alanları ile birlikte 6306 sayılı Afet Riski Altındaki Alanların Dönüştürülmesi kanunu ile afet riskli alan ilan edilmiştir. Kentsel dönüşüm yapılması planlanmaktadır. Kentsel dönüşüm projesinin belirtilen amacı, alanın mevcut sakinleri ile birlikte geliştirilmesidir. Ancak proje, mekansal dönüşüm ve pazar odaklıdır. Gecekondu alanında yaşayanların ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel özelliklerine duyarsızdır. Araştırma bulguları ve alandaki güncel konut fiyatları ve doğrudan hanehalklarının gelir durumu dikkate alınarak yapılan konuta ekonomik erişilebilirlik (Housing Affordability Index) hesaplamaları, kentsel dönüşüm sürecinin gecekonduların temizlenmesi şeklinde gerçekleşeceğini ve gecekondu sakinlerinin sosyal, ekonomik ve mekansal sorunlar ile karşı karşıya kalabileceğini göstermektedir.
Determinantes de la pobreza y su relación con la cultura innovadora en una IES
Authors: Ceja Romay Sandra Natalia , Céspedes Gallegos Susana , Vázquez González Luis Armando , Pacheco López Esteban , Domínguez Vargas Maribel
Published: September 2021

Los resultados del estudio que se presentan, tiene como objetivo analizar los factores de pobreza en el aprendizaje en los estudiantes del Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Coatzacoalcos. Se estableció una muestra a conveniencia de 359 estudiantes. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo con un enfoque descriptivo y transversal con un corte único en el tiempo, durante el período correspondiente a enero-marzo 2021. Se aplicó un instrumento de factores de pobreza en el aprendizaje con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.965 en una escala de Likert, a través de Google forms y un instrumento de cultura innovadora en los profesores. Como principales hallazgos, se identifican los factores de pobreza en el aprendizaje en la que los estudiantes necesitan un “impulso”: D2 salud, D3 educación, D4 familia, D5 seguro de vida y D8 gobierno y los factores en los que se encuentran “atrapados”: D1nutrición, D6 ahorro y D7 emprendimiento.
Educating People for Good: A Mixed‑Methods Study of the Charity Knowledge Program
Authors: Li Huafang , Li Jian
Published: September 2021

As one of the important ways to promote charity culture, philanthropy education is gaining increasing attention. This mixed-method study compared students' learning outcomes before and after participating in a "Charity Knowledge Program" course. The study explored the effectiveness of the general education of philanthropy by analyzing quantitative survey data and qualitative data of students' responses to open-ended questions. The findings showed that the "Charity Knowledge Program" significantly increased average scores of students' social need awareness and academic interests; however, it had no significant effects on the scores of students' social responsibility commitment and future philanthropic activity intentions.
Cognitive processes behind the shooter bias: Dissecting response bias, motor preparation and information accumulation
Authors: Frenken Marius , Hemmerich Wanja , Izydorczyk David , Scharf Sophie Elisabeth , Imhoff Roland
Published: September 2021

A rich body of research points to racial biases in so-called police officer dilemma tasks: participants are generally faster and less error-prone to “shoot” (vs. not “shoot”) Black (vs. White) targets. In three experimental (and two supplemental) studies (total N = 914), we aimed at examining the cognitive processes underlying these findings under fully standardized conditions. To be able to dissect a-priori decision bias, biased information processing and motor preparation, we rendered video sequences of virtual avatars that differed in nothing but the tone of their skin. Modeling the data via drift diffusion models revealed that the threat of a social group can be explicitly learned and mapped accordingly on an a-priori response bias within the model (Study 1). Studies 2 and 3 replicated the racial shooter bias as apparent in faster reaction times in stereotype-consistent trials. This, however, appears to result from stereotype-consistent motoric preparations and execution readiness, but not from pre-judicial threat biases. The results have implications especially for automatic stereotypes in the public.
Young Parents’ Experiences of Pregnancy and Parenting during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A qualitative study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Moltrecht Bettina , Dalton Louise , Hanna Jeffrey , Law Clare , Rapa Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Young parents (aged 16-24 years) in the perinatal period may be at an increased risk of poor mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to multiple risk factors, including social and economic instability. COVID-19 related restrictions had significant implications for the delivery of some perinatal care services and other support structures for young parents. Investigating young parents’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, including their perceived challenges and needs, is important to inform good practice and provide appropriate support for young parents.Qualitative interviews were conducted with young parents (n=21) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from February – May 2021. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Three key themes were identified to describe parents’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents reported specific COVID-19 related anxieties and stressors, including worries around contracting the virus and increased feelings of distress due to uncertainty created by the implications of the pandemic. Parents described feeling alone both at home and during antenatal appointments and highlighted the absence of social support as a major area of concern. Also, parents felt their perinatal care had been disrupted by the pandemic and experienced difficulties accessing care online or over the phone.This study highlights the potential impact of COVID-19 on young parents, including on their mental wellbeing and the perinatal support they were able to access during the pandemic. Insights from this study could inform the support and services offered to families during future pandemics. Specifically, the findings underlie the importance of (a) supporting both parents during perinatal appointments, (b) providing parents with early mental health support and (c) finding ways to facilitate communication pathways between professionals and parents.
Threat Effects on Cognitive Systems: Testing Links to Aggression Proneness
Authors: Verona Edelyn , McDonald Julia Blayne , Bozzay Melanie
Published: September 2021

The biobehavioral study of aggression has implications for expanding our understanding of transdiagnostic processes that increase risk for disinhibited behaviors. Towards this end, our study tested tenets from the process model of aggression (Verona & Bresin, 2015) that the predictability of threat would differentially alter cognitive networks, including attentional alerting and executive control. Further, we examined whether threat-related changes in cognitive functioning are associated with self- and informant-reports of aggressive actions. Using event-related potential (ERP) measures of cognitive-attentional processes, 143 community individuals participated in a well-validated and translational threat manipulation (NPU task; Schmitz & Grillon, 2012) while completing the Attention Network Test (Posner et al., 1980). Analyses revealed that unpredictable threat quickened alerting-related reaction time, whereas predictable threat interfered with processing of flanker task stimuli. The results, however, failed to show reliable relationships between aggression proneness and threat-related cognitive alterations. The findings fit with a broader literature on cognitive and behavioral outputs of threat activation and provide fruitful avenues for better understanding threat-related aggression.
Triangulation of Theoretical and Empirical Conceptualizations Related to the Rule of Law
Authors: Horák Filip , Lacko David
Published: September 2021

Triangulation of the various methodological approaches towards the rule of law is highly desirable since it allows the combination of benefits and elimination of problematic aspects in each. The present article triangulates the conceptualizations of three approaches relating to the rule of law, namely Bedner’s review of the rule of law theories, the World Justice Project’s Rule of Law Index, and the review by Horák et al. of empirical measurement of legal consciousness, and identifies the most significant problem as a lack of communication between them. More precisely, the theoretical conceptualizations are not fully prepared for empirical measurement, and the empirical tools do not reflect the theoretical debate and its outcomes. Therefore, a new conceptualization of the rule of law is proposed to overcome these issues and consequently make the empirical measurement more valid.
A rare case report of tuberculous uveitis
Authors:   Professor and HOD, Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital, Tumakuru, Karnataka 527107, India, Shah Jayashree S , Prathyusha Indireddy ,   Post Graduate, Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital, Tumakuru, Karnataka- 527107, India
Published: September 2021

Background: Uveitis is a broad range of disease processes that involves the uveal tract and its associated ocular structures. Tuberculosis was leading causes of uveitis in the past but the incidence has reduced with the improved antibiotic therapy. Recently, incidence of ocular involvement due to tuberculosis has again been raising. Tuberculous uveitis can be readily treatable and if not diagnosed early can be vision threatening with irreversible blindness for the patient. In this study we are reporting a rare case of refractory uveitis, responding to anti-tuberculous therapy inspite of being no positive investigations in favour of tuberculosis. Case presentation: A 48 years immunocompetent male had reported to ophthalmology opd with diminision of vision in both eyes since 2 months which was of painless and progressive type. Patient is a known diabetic since 2 years and is on regular treatment. Patient was initially diagnosed as TORCH related uveitis and treated for the same. There was initial response to treatment, following which patient developed relapse within 1 month duration. Later, Tuberculosis being one of the most common causative agents of uveitis, patient has been emperically started on ATT, following which there is resolution of lesions. Conclusion: It is essential to know the varied range of ocular manifestations of tuberculosis as there is no specific test to confirm the diagnosis. Early recognition and timely management prevents the severe blinding complications in these patients.
Immune- wellness and Herbal Preparations
Authors:   Dr JRK’s Research and Pharmaceuticals Pvt., Ltd., 19 Perumal Koil Street, Kundrathur, Chennai 600069, India, Soundharya R. , Mukherjee Satarupa ,   Dr JRK’s Research and Pharmaceuticals Pvt., Ltd., 19 Perumal Koil Street, Kundrathur, Chennai 600069, India, Aruna V ,   Dr JRK’s Research and Pharmaceuticals Pvt., Ltd., 19 Perumal Koil Street, Kundrathur, Chennai 600069, India, Amruthavalli GV ,   Dr JRK’s Research and Pharmaceuticals Pvt., Ltd., 19 Perumal Koil Street, Kundrathur, Chennai 600069, India, Kalpana T ,   Dr JRK’s Research and Pharmaceuticals Pvt., Ltd., 19 Perumal Koil Street, Kundrathur, Chennai 600069, India, Gayathri R. ,   Dr JRK’s Research and Pharmaceuticals Pvt., Ltd., 19 Perumal Koil Street, Kundrathur, Chennai 600069, India
Published: September 2021

Immune boosting cum wellness benefits of five proprietary siddha drugs such as Aforte, Pesin, Bekay, Caratole and Hista Block tablets were studied. All the above drugs increased the population abundance of Lactobacillus acidophilus. In vitro suggest the possibility of facilitating the probiotic environment in the gut and associated pharmaceutical benefits of probiotics. There is a dip in the population abundance of probiotics is known in several auto immune diseases such as Psoriasis, Vitiligo etc. All the above drug tested were indicated for vitiligo, psoriasis and other auto immune diseases. The new therapeutic benefit of the above drugs along with scientifically proven benefits suggest that these drugs besides having pharmaceutical benefits also may help in auto correction of the system (Tridosha) thereby help to achieve wellness as well besides treatment. This is the first finding on the possible mechanism action of siddha drugs in achieving wellness and details are presented in the paper.
Current trend of suicide in Sikkim
Authors:   MD Psychiatry & Post-doctoral Fellowship in Addiction Medicine, Singtam District Hospital, East Sikkim, India, Rasaily Satish
Published: September 2021

The State of Sikkim has been witnessing increasing trend in suicide rate in last decade. Studies examining an extent, pattern and causes of suicide in Sikkim are limited and prevalent notion regarding causes of suicide are mostly based on descriptive narration of an individual suicide cases that usually promotes socio-economic factors and drug use disorders. An attempt has been made in this article to examine current trend of suicide in Sikkim, assessed risk factors by analysing published and unpublished available research studies, and highlight suicide prevention responses by East Sikkim.
Salivating, Aspirating and Convulsing- An Unusual Case of PostInfective Polyradiculopathy and Encephalopathy
Authors:   MBBS, MD, Fellowship in Clinical Infectious Diseases (Bangkok), FRCP (Edin). Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College, Rohini West, New Delhi 110085, India, Khati Chitralekha S , Sethia Sudiksha ,   MBBS, PG Resident in Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College, Rohini West, New Delhi 110085, India, Furqan Mohd ,   MBBS, DNB, MRCP (UK). Formerly Senior Resident, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College, Rohini West, New Delhi 110085, India. Presently ST3 (Renal Medicine, Hull University Teaching Hospital, UK
Published: September 2021

A young girl presented one week after a sporadic diarrheal illness with copious salivation and progressive motor weakness. Initially this was more prominent in her bulbar muscles and resulted in an aspiration pneumonia. During the course of her illness she had multiform seizures; flaccid then spastic quadriparesis; intense dysautonomia; dysconjugate gaze; truncal and limb ataxia; respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation; and CSF abnormality. Available tests and assessment for alternate pathology, did not yield results. Despite a stormy course, she made a complete recovery and was discharged after 42 days of hospitalization. Intravenous Immunoglobulin and ventilator therapy influenced the outcome
Tuberculosis in the elderly: Epidemiology and outcomes at JAMOT Hospital of Yaounde
Authors:   Faculty of Medecine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon, Francoise Bitchong Ekono Claire ,   Jamot Hospital of Yaounde, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Thérese Azoumbou Méfant ,   Faculty of Medecine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon,   Jamot Hospital of Yaounde, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Jacques Ze Jean ,   Faculty of Medecine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon, Ubald Olinga Medjo ,   Jamot Hospital of Yaounde, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Philippe Awana Armel ,   Jamot Hospital of Yaounde, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Bouba Idrissou ,   Jamot Hospital of Yaounde, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Mabouang VR Sil ,   Faculty of Medecine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon, Emmanue Afane Ze ,   Faculty of Medecine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
Published: September 2021

Background: Tuberculosis in the elderly (TBES) compared to adult TB (TBA) has been poorly published in developing countries (developing countries).Aim and Objective: The objective of this study is to present the epidemiology of TBES and the outcome of TB patients aged 65 years or older compared to TBA. Methodology: Our study is retrospective and comparative for the period of activity from January 2008 to December 2013 at the Diagnostic and Treatment Center (CDT) at the Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé (HJY). It is compared between subjects aged 65 years and older and subjects aged 15 to 64 who have been diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) Statiscal analysis: The Khi-2 test and the exact probability of Ficher were used for the comparison of proportions. A difference was considered significant if p <0.05. Results: Of the 10909 TB cases, the proportion of TBES is 2.93%. The sex ratio is 1.7 in case of TBES versus 1.5 in the TBA. The prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection is estimated at 11.3% versus 37.3% for TBA (p˂ 0000). The location is pulmonary in 76.4% of cases in TBES against 78.1% in the subject aged less than 65 years. Elderly patients developed more pulmonary tuberculosis with negative microscopy (TPM-) 12.9% versus 11.3% and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (PET) (23.6% versus 21.9%). The therapeutic success rate in subjects aged 65 and over is 61.6% versus 70.3% in subjects under 65 years of age. The proportion of patients lost to follow-up and the rate of transfer are higher in case of TBES. Elderly patients died more frequently than young adults in the first two months of treatment. Conclusion: Tuberculosis of the elderly is rare with male predominance. The proportion of deaths is greater. The follow-up of elderly patients must integrate the therapeutic management of comorbidities
Determinants of Birth Weight in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Paeditrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria, Idowu Joel-Medewase Victor , Opeyemi Aworinde Olufemi ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria, Samuel Bello-Zion Olukayode ,   Department of Family Medicine, Oluyoro Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, Oyetunji Alabi Ayobami ,   Department of Paeditrics and Child Health, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Published: September 2021

Background: Birth weight is an important predictor of an infant’s survival and subsequent wellbeing and the likelihood of developing childhood diseases. It is influenced by various maternal and foetal factors affecting the delivery. This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the delivery of low birth weight (LBW) babies in an urban population in Nigeria. Methodology: The study was carried out at Our Lady of Apostle Catholic Hospital, Oluyoro, Ibadan. The birth register and antenatal case files and records of 3013 booked patients with singleton live births between January 2013 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Socio-demographic and obstetric data were studied using SPSS version 22. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution’s Ethical Review Committee. The results were presented in numbers, percentages, frequency tables and charts and the findings were tested for significance using ANOVA. Student t-test was used to treat continuous variables. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the potential predictors of birth weight. Results: A total of 3013 singleton deliveries – 1570 (52.1%) males and 1443 (47.9%) females were studied. Presentation was cephalic in the majority – 2821 (93.5%) babies and caesarean section (CS) rate was (41%). There were 234 (7.8%) LBW and 305 (10.1%) macrosomic babies. The maternal ages ranged from sixteen to forty-four years with a mean age of 30.86 ± 4.793 years. The maternal modal age range was 20 to 29 years – 1493 (49.6%) mothers. The mean ± SD maternal age was 30.86 ± 4.793 years. Nulliparity was the mode 32.2% mothers. Most of the mothers 1881 (62.4%) were in the upper social classes. On univariate analysis, maternal age, parity, gestational age at delivery and sex were found to be statistically significant in between groups in determining birth weight. The birth weight was found to increase with parity until the fifth parous experience when it began to decline. The mean birth weight was also found to be higher in male babies than females. On multiple regression, the four factors above retained their association with birth weight. Conclusion: It was concluded that maternal and foetal factors influenced the birth weights of the babies. These factors were the ages and parities of the mothers as well as the sexes and lengths of gestation of the babies. These factors were also good predictors of foetal weight. It is necessary to develop proactive measures to reduce the prevalence of LBW babies.