bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of radiography for measurements of the medullary cavity in the metacarpal bone in the European roe deer Capreolus capreolus for assessment of ontogenetic quality – preliminary study
Authors: Czyżowski Piotr , Okrasa Anna , Beeger Sławomir , Karpiński Mirosław
Published: January 2022

The objective was to verify the research hypothesis concerning a correlation between the surface area of the medullary bone and other fat indices and carcass weight. This study was also focused on identification of potential differences in the mean values of the fat parameters and carcass weight between the forest and field ecotypes of roe deer. The medullary cavity area was measured using the DIRA 200 program. Metacarpal bone III and the phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd fingers were measured as well. The investigations involved 38 females of the European roe deer Capreolus capreolus aged 3-5 years.The investigations revealed a negative statistically significant correlation between the surface area of the medullary cavity in metacarpal bone III and the kidney fat index KFI (rs = -0.483; p<0.05) and the weight of the perirenal adipose tissue (rs = -0.362; p<0.05). No correlation was shown between the area of the medullary cavity of metacarpal bone III and the doe carcass weight (rs = 0.093; ns). The size of the medullary cavity is an anatomical parameter that is not susceptible to cyclical changes in environmental conditions. As shown in this study, it is independent of the body weight and determines the amount of bone marrow and, hence, the amount of accumulated fat reserves. We believe that, besides biometric measurements, the surface area of the medullary cavity can be a good parameter for assessment of the ontogenetic quality of roe deer and for comparison of populations.
Preliminary biometric characteristics of Border Collies and their dependence on sport activity
Authors: Frąckowiak Hieronim , Kiryk Ewa , Graczyk Szymon , Zdun Maciej
Published: January 2022

Biometric measurements were taken on 40 dogs of both sexes, 20 females and 20 males of Border Collies. Half of the population of each sex, i.e. 10 animals (active dogs), were either currently participating in dog frisbee competitions or had recently finished their sporting careers due to age. The other half (part) of the examined Border Collies, i.e. 10 females and 10 males, were animals that were not active in sports (non-active dogs). Most of the dogs came from Polish kennels but there were also Border Collies from other countries.
The following measurements were taken: trunk length, height at withers, chest girth, fore limb (metacarpal) girth, thigh length, shank length, foot length and body weight. The collected results were processed statistically and indexes of trunk length, massiveness, eurysomia and boniness were calculated.
It was found that Border Collie are characterized by some biometric traits (indexes) similar to Polish hunting dogs and Polish hounds and some of their indexes are also similar to the domestic breeds of Polish sheepdogs and Polish charts. Conducted biometric analysis showed only few, i.e. concerning height at withers of females and body weight of males statistically significant differences between examined groups of Border Collies. Consequently, there was no positive verification of the research hypothesis, which assumed that the value of traits and biometric indicators of Border Collie is different in jumping dogs in connection with their participation in various disciplines of dog competition. However, it can be assumed that for the needs of the developing sports cynology, there will be a need to select dogs with predispositions for athletic performance, and a useful tool to achieve this goal will be the analysis of biometric traits of dogs. The results of measurements collected in this study and the indices calculated on their basis also extend the biometric database of Border Collie dogs.
Stopień informatyzacji i wymiany danych o podatnikach
w organach KAS w warunkach rozproszonej informacji
o podatnikach, spowodowanej odrębnymi właściwościami
miejscowymi i rzeczowymi tych organów
Authors: Szymanek Paweł
Published: January 2022

Przedmiotem analizy jest ocena stanu informatyzacji Krajowej Administracji Skarbowej (KAS) w warunkach rozproszonej
informacji o podatnikach. W dotychczasowej literaturze na ten temat nie pokuszono się o ocenę efektywności
istniejącego systemu. Publikacje Ministerstwa Finansów oraz uzasadnienia ustaw zmieniających porządek
prawny zawierały tylko optymistyczne zapewnienia o skuteczności obowiązujących uregulowań. W artykule
postawiono tezę, że w warunkach rozproszonej informacji o podatnikach pomiędzy wieloma organami KAS stan
gromadzenia tych danych oraz ich weryfikacji nie jest wystarczający, by zapewnić wpłaty zobowiązań podatkowych
w sposób zgodny z przepisami. W trakcie analizy potwierdzono, że mimo upływu ponad 30 lat od początku ewolucji
systemu podatkowego nadal gromadzona jest tylko część danych o podatnikach, bez należytej ich weryfikacji.
Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on labour markets in the western Balkans
Authors: Mashovic Azemina , Radičević Tatjana Dragičević
Published: January 2022

Covid-19 has had a significant effect on labour market metrics across the globe. This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the pandemic’s adverse impact on labour markets in the western Balkans and the need to take appropriate measures to mitigate this effectively in the forthcoming period. Using a spread of data, we analyse and compare the distributional impacts of the pandemic recession in western Balkans labour markets in terms of the unemployment rate and the average annual growth in real minimum wages. Our analysis shows a significant deterioration of labour market trends - not least in comparison with the picture of 2019 which was broadly much more positive - which has led to increased government spending on social protection measures. This needs to be continued, not least as regards vulnerable individuals, including young people, as the pandemic continues its track. On the basis of our results, and to deal with the structural challenges presented by Balkans labour markets, there is a need for further reform and updating of regulation, social protection and policies in the labour market.
Public procurement and corruption during Covid-19: self-monitoring and whistleblowing incentives after Srebrena Malina
Authors: Teichmann Fabian , Falker Marie-Christin
Published: January 2022

Crises and emergencies tend to increase opportunities for corruption in public procurement. This article shows how the Covid-19 pandemic has given rise to new corruption opportunities and how regulators are trying to combat these, using the example of the case of the Bosnian raspberry firm Srebrena Malina. The literature review concludes that prevention mechanisms focus on the legal and regulatory aspects without considering firms’ perspectives. In contrast, an approach based on summary content analysis may help firms develop potential self-monitoring solutions that they can apply to ensure compliance with anti-corruption regulations and avoid sanctions. Explorative expert interviews with ten international compliance experts are also conducted. The findings illustrate that whistleblowing incentives could foster compliance with existing regulations and policies in public procurement. This article advocates a more consequential implementation of the current anti-corruption and public procurement regulations alongside self-monitoring measures in the form of whistleblowing incentives.
Facing democratic indeterminacy: the consequences of the Dayton Agreement
Authors: Solioz Christophe
Published: January 2022

This article was written to inform the author’s presentation to the SEER Journal online workshop on the Dayton Agreement held on 2 July 2021. Focusing on the issues of de-consolidation and de-democratisation which are inhibiting Bosnia and Herzegovina (among other western Balkan states) from becoming a credible EU accession candidate, the article locates the question of ‘othering’ within the need to rethink international relations given the global issues which are shaping today’s world. Drawing on recently published work in the areas of philosophy and international relations, the author identifies three approaches in the failures of cotransformation and transition, concluding that new democratic vistas may be opened for BiH up by the pursuit of interregional programmes as well as, in response to the climate emergency and its impact on flooding and other natural disasters, within a revitalised bioregional paradigm. None of the maps which arise out of the risks of natural disasters bear any resemblance to the ‘logic’ of the map drawn at Dayton and, in peacetime, may represent a viable way forward although time is required.
Datenschutzrecht
Authors: Eßer Martin , Franck Lorenz
Published: January 2022

Datenschutzrechtliche Klausuren und Fragestellungen begegnen nicht nur Studierenden der Rechtswissenschaften im entsprechenden Schwerpunktbereich. Der Schutz personenbezogener Daten kann genauso als Nebenfach in technischen Studiengängen, als Vertiefungsveranstaltung an verwaltungsinternen Hochschulen oder als Qualifizierungsleistung (z.B. Zertifizierung) privater Schulungsanbieter vorkommen.

Das Klausurtraining legt daher den Fokus auf das Systemverständnis. Anhand praxisnaher Einzelfälle in unterschiedlichen Aufgaben- und Klausurtypen werden unter anderem der Anwendungsbereich des Datenschutzrechts, die Gewährleistung von Betroffenenrechten und die Befugnisse der Aufsichtsbehörden behandelt. Die Fälle sind gleichermaßen in der privatwirtschaftlichen wie der behördlichen Datenverarbeitung angesiedelt. Vorangestellt ist eine ausführliche Einführung in die datenschutzrechtliche Fallbearbeitung.
Was bindet Menschen mit Demenz an das Leben?
Authors: Voß Henrike
Published: January 2022

Advance care planning (ACP) has been established by law in nursing homes, and two thirds of all nursing home residents are affected by dementia. It is noteworthy that these people in particular are not given their own modular significance in Germany’s ACP concept.

Twelve people with dementia were interviewed at two points in time using a modified value anamnesis. The qualitative analysis of these interviews focused on the perspective of attachment to life as a concept through which ACP could be expanded.

In this respect, the modified value anamnesis proved to be highly applicable, and it was possible to identify significantly more aspects which supported rather than inhibited the interviewees’ attachment to life. Therefore, expanding the concept of ACP to include this perspective seems appropriate.
Coagulation Disorders in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Relationship with Disease Outcome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aliasgarzade Shafagh , Matin Somaieh , Javaheri Nazli , Aliasgarzade Javad , Aghamohammadi Vahideh
Published: January 2022

Background: Evidence suggests that COVID-19 patients are subject to significant risks of thromboembolic complications. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate coagulation disorders in COVID-19 patients and determine their relationship with the disease outcome. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil, Iran. After the preliminary completion of the information forms, 3 cc of intravenous blood sample was taken from each patient to test for INR, PT, CBC, and D-dimer. Then, the patients were monitored, and clinical data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software, version 24. Results: Of 106 COVID-19 patients, 69 were discharged from the hospital, while 37 cases died. The mean age of the patients was 58.99 ± 15.94 years, and 56.6% were males. Significant differences were found between the surviving and deceased patients in D-dimer, LDH, PT, and INR levels (P < 0.05). Based on logistic regression analysis, only D-dimer was a significant predictor of mortality such that each unit increase in the D-dimer level increased the mortality risk by 0.99%. Conclusions: D-dimer has a higher sensitivity than other coagulation markers in terms of intensity. As bleeding is not as common as thrombotic events, anticoagulant therapy is recommended.
Care Management Challenges for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alaei Sefollah , Askari Majdabadi Hesamedin , Khojastehfar Shahrokh , Pourhashemi Narges
Published: January 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus, if is not well taken care and treated, may exacerbate complications such as ulcers, infections, and amputations. Accordingly, preventive measures and timely treatment are of paramount importance. Objectives: This study sought to collect profound experiences about diabetic ulcer care management with an emphasis on community-based care. Methods: The study was carried out using the qualitative content analysis method during 2017 - 2018 in Semnan Province, Iran. The study encompassed 14 participants, including six caregivers, two family members, one nurse, one nursing supervisor, one manager of counseling and nursing care service centers (CNCSCs), one head nurse, and two physicians, who were selected using the purposive sampling method. The analysis process was performed based on Graneheim and Lundma’s approach. Results: Two main categories were as follows: (1) "Dispersion in preventive measures," with subcategories of ‘vague perception of disease symptoms’, ‘inability in self-management’ and ‘low-efficient preventive care’, and (2) "Gradual access to outpatient services" with subcategories of ‘gradual expansion of outpatient ulcer care’, ‘complexity of financial transactions’, ‘improving inter-sectoral cooperation’ and ‘ambiguous professional boundaries’. Conclusions: Care facilities offering services to diabetic foot ulcers, especially community-based nursing care centers, are gradually expanding, and new wound care methods are being adopted. However, lack of self-care management, insufficient support, treatment-oriented approaches, and all clients’ insufficient access to these services are some of the problems that still exist in the care management of diabetic ulcers.
Translation, Validity, and Reliability of Singing Voice Handicap Index in Persian Traditional Singers: A New Revised Version
Authors: Ahmadi Nassim , Rajati Fatemeh , Vasaghi-Ghara Malaki Behnoosh , Ebadi Abbas , Ebrahimi Takamjani Esmaeil , Verdolini Abbott Katherine , Torabinezhad Farhad
Published: January 2022

Background: The singing voice handicap index (SVHI) was developed to assess voice-related handicaps in singers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the SVHI (P-SVHI) for traditional Persian singers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to translate and validate the P-SVHI using a "forward-backward" procedure. The questionnaire was administered to 275 traditional Persian singers (168 with a normal voice and 107 with dysphonia) ranging from 16 to 83 years. Content, construct, discriminant, convergent, and face validity, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and floor and ceiling effects were assessed. Results: The 36-item SVHI, translated from the original English by two translators, was completed by 21 traditional Persian singers. After the face validity was approved, construct validity assessment using factor analysis identified four factors in the P-SVHI with the exclusion of seven items. The mean score of the 29-item P-SVHI on a 0 - 100 scale was 16.9 for healthy subjects and 40.9 for dysphonic subjects. Discriminant validity confirmed that P-SVHI scores were significantly different between normal and dysphonic singers, using an independent sample t-test (P < 0.001). Convergent validity was proven by strong correlations between P-SVHI scores and the Iowa Patient’s Voice Index (IPVI1, IPVI2, and "IPVI effort" scores of r = 0.58, 0.69, and 0.42, respectively, P < 0.001). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also excellent (Cronbach α = 0.95, average inter-item correlation = 0.40, and intra-class correlation coefficients using two-way random model with absolute agreement, ICCtwo-way random, absolute agreement = 0.69 - 0.95). No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions: The revised 29-item P-SVHI is a valid and reliable tool in differentiating normal and dysphonic Persian traditional singers.
The genus Alexeter Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in China, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: Li Tao , Sun Shu-Ping
Published: January 2022

Three new species of Alexeter Förster, 1869 are reported from China, A. flavicoxa Li & Sun sp. nov. collected from Sichuan, A. flaviventris Li & Sun sp. nov. from Beijing, Guizhou and A. melanicus Li & Sun sp. nov. from Guizhou. A key to species of Alexeter known in China is provided.
Modern view on mechanisms of epithelium differentiation of the oral mucosa in normal and pathological processes
Authors: Hasiuk Natalia , Bozhyk Stepan , Radchuk Volodymyr
Published: January 2022

Background:In everyday clinical practice, patients who seek dental care in case of oral mucosa diseases are one of the most difficult categories of patients due to difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods: The review and analysis of scientific and medical literature based on the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, NCBI databases, the study of which does not exceed 5 years, including literature reviews and the results of clinical trials. Results: Changes in the oral mucosa can be clearly specific. Clinicians can make the correct diagnosis and determine the tactics of treatment by appearance. However, in most cases the diagnosis of diseases with this anatomical location is complicated, because the clinical picture is nonspecific and often burdened with additional local and general adverse factors. A detailed clinical examination and additional research methods are required to establish the correct diagnosis. Diagnosis of oral mucosa diseases is based on a careful assessment of clinical and laboratory data. Conclusions: Taking into account the prevalence of diseases of the oral mucosa, of particular interest is the question of the course of the process of differentiation of the epithelium of various anatomical zones in the norm and the mechanisms of restructuring of the cellular composition in pathological processes, with the cops of objectifying the diagnosis, predicting the course of the disease and pathogenetically substantiated treatment.
Fear of commitment: Weak institutions, volatile economy, and the prevalence of short-term International capital
Authors: Tasić Nikola , Ristanović Vladimir
Published: January 2022

This paper shows that weak legal and political institutions and high macroeconomic volatility shorten the maturity of cross-border bank lending. Although these results are confirmed in the previous literature, this paper uses a broader panel data set of 135 countries from 1983 to 2012. Data also suggest new finding that the maturity of international bank credit and per capita GDP are positively correlated. The share of debt incurred by banks shortens the maturity, while the share of debt incurred by governments lengthen the maturity of cross-border credit. Our results are robust after we control for potential endogeneity.
The Yugoslav Turkish trade in The interwar period (1918-1941): Dynamic and structural analysis
Authors: Nikolić Goran , Zdravković Slađana
Published: January 2022

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the Yugoslav-Turkish trade in 1920-1939. The main goal of the research is to point out the qualitative and quantitative indicators of trade between the two countries. In addition to the economic scientific approach, which is based on the analysis of statistical indicators derived from data on the exchange between the two countries, a historical approach was applied, which is reflected in the use of historical sources and contextual analysis of processes and events based on them. Despite the modest importance of mutual foreign trade, which could not be significantly affected by the dynamics of strong average annual growth of Yugoslav imports from Turkey, export-import flows between the two countries made a positive contribution to creating a much more important aspect of their relations: political, which was reflected in the signing of the Balkan Pact in 1934.
The application of Fitlight trainer system in sports
Authors: Katanić Borko , Ilić Predrag , Stojmenović Aleksandar , Vitasović Manja
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this systematic review is to point out the application of the Fitlight trainer system in sports. The following electronic databases were used to search the literature: Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Mendeley, 2014-2020. Following the selection procedure according to the relevant criteria, 22 studies were selected as fit to needs of this systematic review. A review of researches that used the Fitlight training system in sports has revealed a rather heterogeneous selection of topics. The results obtained are classified according to the sports in which the research was conducted. The results summary provided us with the insight into the multiple uses of the Fitlight system in sports as a training and measurement tool. It can be used in both individual and team sports. It can test sensory-cognitive and various motor skills: reaction speed, speed of single movement, speed of running, agility. Based on all of the information provided, the possibility of multiple applications of the Fitlight system in sports was highlighted.
FOCUS-PDCA can effectively optimize the critical value of test items
Authors: Xie Chunbao , Zhang Jianbo , Luo Jiangrong , Jian Meiling , Zhao Taiqiang , Wang Jiaqiang , Jiang Linxi , Dai Chao , Wei Yao , Jiang Li , Shi Yi
Published: January 2022

Background: To optimize the critical value of test items using FOCUS-PDCA (find, organize, clarify, understand, select, plan, do, check and act), and to set the personalized critical value of the test for different departments. Methods: We searched for literature reporting on the critical value and FOCUS-PDCA published over recent 5 years in order to understand the significance and status quo of critical value and FOCUS-PDCA. We also collected and analyzed the critical value data of hospital tests performed in Sichuan province hospitals in 2019, which were later compared to data from 2020 to determine the FOCUSPDCA cycle. Results: The proportion of critical values in the whole hospital decreased from 3.5% before optimization to 2.5% to 3% after optimization. The critical values of ICU, hematology, nephrology, urology, and neonatal departments after optimization significantly decreased compared with those before optimization, while the critical values of cardiac surgery, emergency ICU, cardiology, and neurosurgery ICU showed no significant difference before and after optimization. Contrary, the critical values of the infection department after optimization significantly increased before optimization. Conclusions: FOCUS-PDCA can effectively optimize the critical value of test items, which is beneficial for rational utilization of medical resources.
Training as enrichment: A critical review
Authors: Fernandez EJ
Published: January 2022

Husbandry training and environmental enrichment are both important advancements associated with current behavioural welfare practices. Additionally, the use of training procedures has been proposed as a form of enrichment, with the implication that training can produce beneficial behavioural welfare results. This paper examines the concept of training as enrichment through three distinct ways training procedures could enrich: (i) training facilitates enrichment usage; (ii) training modifies interactions, conspecific or otherwise; and (iii) training expands behavioural repertoires. Within each category, the paper focuses on past research that provides empirical support for training functioning as enrichment, as well as related areas of research that provide additional evidence. Previous studies support the claim that training is enriching, with additional research necessary to better understand how prevalent and under what conditions training procedures function as enrichment. Future training research should examine these potential enrichment effects, including methodology that allows for comparisons to traditional enrichment, the use of welfare diversity/variability indices, and the effects of learning on trainers and trainees alike.
An evaluation of the role of ‘biological evidence’ in zoo and aquarium enrichment practices
Authors: Brereton J , Rose P
Published: January 2022

Evidence-based approaches are key to advancing all areas of zoo and aquarium practice. Output from empirical study must be disseminated to those within the industry so that results can support changes to husbandry and management for individual species. Information on enrichment techniques is published in a range of sources, including papers in the peer-reviewed and ‘grey literature’ (ie professional but non-reviewed publications). To investigate how evidence is implemented into enrichment practices, we sampled all enrichment studies identified in one online repository of peer-reviewed papers and two grey literature publications across an eleven-year period. We recorded whether the enrichment was supported with biological evidence (whether it was developed using published enrichment-focused research for that species and/or with the species’ ecology and behaviour information) alongside analysis of the type of enrichment used and the chosen study species. Enrichment articles were more likely to be supported by biological evidence in peer-reviewed than grey literature. Taxonomic differences in the use of evidence were noted; for example, enrichment provided to carnivores and parrots was more likely to be supported with biological evidence compared to that used for penguins. Of the five enrichment types, nutritional enrichment was most often based on biological evidence. Multi-category and physical enrichment types were more common across all literature sources whereas social enrichment was less common, suggesting barriers to implementation of all enrichment types in zoological facilities. Our research suggests that zoo and aquarium professionals are considering species-specific welfare needs by ensuring that enrichment protocols are supported by biological evidence. However, opportunities to diversify the enrichment types being offered and species being researched are identified.
Assessment, causes and consequences of short opercula in laboratory-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Blaker E , Ellis T
Published: January 2022

Opercular deformity is a common morphological abnormality of laboratory and other cultured fishes, observed in a wide variety of species but with an unclear aetiology. Following observations of short opercula in stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in our laboratory, we developed a photographic key to score individual fish on a scale of 1 to 5. Inter-rater reliability was assessed as ‘almost perfect’. This visual method is quick and simple to use, can be used to score live fish in situ in tanks as well as sampled fish, does not require sophisticated equipment and provides quantitative information to investigate the aetiology of short opercula. Opercular size was scored for a cohort of in-house reared Atlantic salmon, in a time series of random samples of ≥ 30 fish (mean weights ranging from 0.8 to 299 g) over 14 months. Short opercula were first recorded during the parr stage, prevalence and severity increased as the fish grew, and the deformity was asymmetrical, occurring predominantly on the left side. Therefore, among the many potential causal factors, nipping is suggested as the primary cause of short opercula within our culture system, with asymmetry due to the clockwise current. We also present evidence that short opercula are associated with gill damage which supports this deformity being a welfare issue that merits assessment.
Architecture’s Road to Sustainable Innovation
Authors: Mossin Natalie , Munch-Petersen Pelle , Thomassen Mikkel A.
Published: January 2022

Current practice in the building industry is not sustainable. The United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals define a key set of the global challenges and targets that the world must move significantly towards to address the sustainability emergency. Architectural solutions, products and services contributing to the Goals are already there, in smaller scale. However, the bulk of the built environment is part of im-mense current challenges – the building industry is a major consumer of energy and natural resources, and a prolific producer of waste. To create new sustainable practice, we need to understand why new architectural solutions, products and services struggle to become market dominant. And we need to teach a new generation of architects and building professionals how to engage in, develop, sustain and promote emerging sustainable practices not yet formed. In this article we discuss findings from seven case studies to argue that dynamic capabilities are required for sustainable innovation to succeed. Rather than simply following established practise, navigating in emergent sustainable markets requires finding and forming new practise, which in turn make the ability to work freely among knowledge domains an essential capability in future professionals. This points to an educational potential in working with open-ended project- and problem-specific assignments to build the capabilities needed to reach sustainable change.
“Swedes’ relations to their government are based on trust”
Authors: Von Brömssen Kerstin , Milani Tommaso , Spehar Andrea , Bauer Simon
Published: January 2022

Civic orientation has become one of the dominant immigrant integration policies in western Europe, with the aim of transmitting knowledge, norms, and values, thereby furthering “integration” into the new country. However, there is a not much research regarding how the educational content is communicated and negotiated in civic orientation courses in practice. This article aims to bring more empirically based knowledge in this field. The case study discussed in this article explores one specific module, entitled “nature and environment”, in civic orientation courses for newly arrived adults in Sweden. This is done through participatory observations in the courses, both in classrooms in real life and on the internet and exploring in detail the negotiations between the civic orientation communicators and the course participants. The analyses show how a real “success story” of Sweden and its citizens is constructed through an overall discourse of Swedes high awareness of the environment and nature, not least through comparisons between geographical spaces in the world. The analyses also re-veal antagonistic voices about the content, although these are not particularly strong. We suggest that there is an urgent need to critically reflect on the aim, content, and teaching practices of civic orientation courses for newly arrived migrants, as these more seem to contribute to the Swedish nation’s reproduction of “banal nationalism”.
Global Citizenship Education for (Unknown) Futures of Education
Authors: Petersen Karen Bjerg
Published: January 2022

A ‘World in 2030’ survey carried out by UNESCO in the months May through September 2020 indicates that “climate change and biodiversity loss” by far are the biggest concerns of the around 15.000 participants, who at the same time indicate that education and multilateralism are seen as the most important solutions to global issues. In this article, I will discuss possibilities and limitations of (global citizenship) education in versions of skills- and competency-based versus virtue/value-based approaches as means of solving current global issues and concerns, including (unknown) futures of education at a local and global level.
Gender and TVET in Africa
Authors: Bray-Collins Elinor , Andrade Nalini , Wanjiru Catherine
Published: January 2022

In this paper we present the findings of an extensive review of the literature on gender issues in Africa’s TVET sector. Specifically, we highlight a number of themes which emerge from this review and propose a theoretical framework for understanding TVET institutions as gendered spaces. The TVET sector is frequently spoken about the potential it holds for the advancement of the SDGs on the African continent as well as the achievement of Agenda 2063 - indeed, it is seen as crucial to achieving these goals. What the literature suggests however, is that in the absence of gender-responsive re-forms rooted in an understanding of how “gender regimes” operate and persist, TVET institutions may tend to be sites of reproduction of patriarchal dynamics as opposed to sites of their transformation.
Oh No, Not Another Framework!
Authors: Bang Anne Louise
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is to emphasise the relevance and importance of sensibility, contemplation and craftmanship as a foundation for sustainable development driven by fashion and textile design. The paper looks beyond the frameworks and tools that often guide lecturers in higher educational institutions. Within design, we have access to several newly launched and open source frameworks and method collections, but the question is how we prepare educators as well students to critically work with, contribute to and reflect upon sustainable development acting as change agents across disciplines? This position paper suggests and discusses the value of combining disciplinary expertise with cross-disciplinary teamwork. It also suggests that we fully acknowledge and implement this in our teaching and curriculums of fashion and textile designers. The yarn winding technique known from weaving serves as an example to discuss cross-disciplinary mutual understanding in combination with deep disciplinary articulation as a means for sustainable change of the fashion and textile industry.
Los aportes de Georg Simmel a la teoría de la diferenciación social: un enfoque multidimensional
Authors: Lewkow Lionel
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar los diversos planos de sentido de la teoría de la diferenciación de Georg Simmel, discutiendo la forma en que fue interpretada en la sociología. Centrándome en su teoría social temprana, sostengo que Simmel ofrece una mirada del tema de la división del trabajo y la integración social alternativa a la de Émile Durkheim. Así, argumento que la propuesta del pensador alemán no es multidimensional solo porque conciba la diferenciación en paralelo a la “igualación”, sino también en la medida en que trata la constitución de la individualidad junto a la de los grupos modernos, punto en que anticipa algunos aspectos de la teoría de la diferenciación de Niklas Luhmann. En este marco, evidencio las otras dimensiones que esboza Simmel para desentramar el proceso moderno de la diferenciación, esto es, la “diferenciación subjetiva” y “objetiva”, “cualitativa” y “cuantitativa”, “sincrónica” y “diacrónica”.
COVID-19 pandemic and emotional contagion
Authors: Belli Simone , Alonso Claudia
Published: January 2022

This study will seek answers to a research question that aims to evaluate the patterns and the structure of pandemics and their spread in different ages and territories, always taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic: what is the significance and role of emotional contagion in how people behave during the current COVID-19 pandemic, and how do emotions spread across society from person to person, like viruses?

Our methodology is based on mapping previous experiences on how societies faced collapse due to epidemic outbreaks to answer this research question. Moreover, we present an autoethnography to revise moment by moment how professional and private lives are being affected by this pandemic right now.
Hidden racism and structures of power in the images of Ebola 2014
Authors: Méndez Hernández Clara , Tirado Francisco
Published: January 2022

Epidemics are considered paradigmatic states of emergency and humanitarian scenarios. Thus, humanitarian conceptualizations are negotiable through the very practices appearing in this type of emergency.

This paper aims to investigate this process in relation to the 2014 Ebola outbreak, an event that is considered a global threat and an intolerable humanitarian situation. We analyze how the definition of what can be understood (or not) as humanity was constructed through visual representations produced by social media. We will also discuss how the definition of humanity was negotiated through dimensions such as the spectrum of visibility, the distribution of agencies, the affections intended to provoke, and the imaginaries defined. This paper is based on an empirical semiotic analysis of hundreds of images from the 2014 Ebola epidemic and 15 focus groups and individual interviews, performed over a span of one year, discussing images from social media.
The use of statistical and machine learning tools to accurately quantify the energy performance of residential buildings
Authors: Ibrahim Dina M. , Almhafdy Abdulbasit , Al-Shargabi Amal A. , Alghieth Manal , Elragi Ahmed , Chiclana Francisco
Published: January 2022

Prediction of building energy consumption is key to achieving energy efficiency and sustainability. Nowadays, the analysis or prediction of building energy consumption using building energy simulation tools facilitates the design and operation of energy-efficient buildings. The collection and generation of building data are essential components of machine learning models; however, there is still a lack of such data covering certain weather conditions. Such as those related to arid climate areas. This paper fills this identified gap with the creation of a new dataset for energy consumption of 3,840 records of typical residential buildings of the Saudi Arabia region of Qassim, and investigates the impact of residential buildings’ eight input variables (Building Size, Floor Height, Glazing Area, Wall Area, window to wall ratio (WWR), Win Glazing U-value, Roof U-value, and External Wall U-value) on the heating load (HL) and cooling load (CL) output variables. A number of classical and non-parametric statistical tools are used to uncover the most strongly associated input variables with each one of the output variables. Then, the machine learning Multiple linear regression (MLR) and Multilayer perceptron (MLP) methods are used to estimate HL and CL, and their results compared using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) performance measures. The use of the IES simulation software on the new dataset concludes that MLP accurately estimates both HL and CL with low MAE, RMSE, and R2, which evidences the feasibility and accuracy of applying machine learning methods to estimate building energy consumption.
Mendelian etiologies identified with whole exome sequencing in cerebral palsy
Authors: Chopra Maya , Gable Dustin L. , Love‐Nichols Jamie , Tsao Alexa , Rockowitz Shira , Sliz Piotr , Barkoudah Elizabeth , Bastianelli Lucia , Coulter David , Davidson Emily , DeGusmao Claudio , Fogelman David , Huth Kathleen , Marshall Paige , Nimec Donna , Sanders Jessica Solomon , Shore Benjamin J. , Snyder Brian , Stone Scellig S. D. , Ubeda Ana , Watkins Colyn , Berde Charles , Bolton Jeffrey , Brownstein Catherine , Costigan Michael , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius , Lai Abbe , O'Donnell‐Luria Anne , Paciorkowski Alex R. , Pinto Anna , Pugh John , Rodan Lance , Roe Eugene , Swanson Lindsay , Zhang Bo , Kruer Michael C. , Sahin Mustafa , Poduri Annapurna , Srivastava Siddharth
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood motor disability, yet its link to single‐gene disorders is under‐characterized. To explore the genetic landscape of CP, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) in a cohort of patients with CP.

Methods

We performed comprehensive phenotyping and WES on a prospective cohort of individuals with cryptogenic CP (who meet criteria for CP; have no risk factors), non‐cryptogenic CP (who meet criteria for CP; have at least one risk factor), and CP masqueraders (who could be diagnosed with CP, but have regression/progressive symptoms). We characterized motor phenotypes, ascertained medical comorbidities, and classified brain MRIs. We analyzed WES data using an institutional pipeline.

Results

We included 50 probands in this analysis (20 females, 30 males). Twenty‐four had cryptogenic CP, 20 had non‐cryptogenic CP, five had CP masquerader classification, and one had unknown classification. Hypotonic‐ataxic subtype showed a difference in prevalence across the classification groups (p = 0.01). Twenty‐six percent of participants (13/50) had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in 13 unique genes (ECHS1, SATB2, ZMYM2, ADAT3, COL4A1, THOC2, SLC16A2, SPAST, POLR2A, GNAO1, PDHX, ACADM, ATL1), including one patient with two genetic disorders (ACADM, PDHX) and two patients with a SPAST‐related disorder. The CP masquerader category had the highest diagnostic yield (n = 3/5, 60%), followed by the cryptogenic CP category (n = 7/24, 29%). Fifteen percent of patients with non‐cryptogenic CP (n = 3/20) had a Mendelian disorder on WES.

Interpretation

WES demonstrated a significant prevalence of Mendelian disorders in individuals clinically diagnosed with CP, including in individuals with known CP risk factors.
Effect of Oil‐Soluble Graphene on the Tribological and Rheological Properties of Magnetorheological Fluids
Authors: Lv Jing Cheng , Zhang Ji Ping , Wu Ming Yu , Yin Hang , Liang Guan Qun , Zhang Chen Hui , Wei Yin Tao
Published: January 2022

Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is a widely utilized intelligent material that faces the in‐use thickening (IUT) problem caused by wear. As commonly being used polar antiwear agents aggravate the sedimentation of MRF, a new method to improve the tribological properties of MRF using nonpolar oil‐soluble graphene rather than polar additives is proposed. Orthogonal and control experiments conducted with a four‐ball machine show that oil‐soluble graphene greatly improves the antiwear performance of MRF. More specifically, the MRF with oil‐soluble graphene reduces wear volume up to about 90% compared with all control experiments, including blank samples without any additives, the samples with the surfactant but without graphene, and the ones with the commercial antiwear agent ZDDP. The results also indicate that both lubricant and MRF get the best antiwear effect when graphene concentration in the base oil is 2 mg ml−1. This implies that oil‐soluble graphene improves the tribological properties of the systems primarily by enhancing the pressure‐bearing capacity of the carrier fluid. Moreover, oleophilic graphene increases the magnetorheological effect of MRF and reduces its off‐state viscosity by about 4% through isolating particles and filling gaps. In summary, the proposed method can solve the IUT problem of MRF along with ensuring its performance.
Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Composites with Enhanced Thermal and Electrical Performance Enabled by Structural Engineering of Filler
Authors: Xing Wenkui , Wang Han , Chen Shen , Tao Peng , Shang Wen , Fu Benwei , Song Chengyi , Deng Tao
Published: January 2022

This article presents a systematic study on the impact of structural engineering of metallic copper fillers on the thermal and electrical performance of gallium‐based liquid metal composites. Herein, the copper fillers are directly blended into liquid metal matrix in air. Spherical copper filler is selected as a filler model to explore the influence of the size and amount of filler on the thermal conductivity of liquid metal composites. The significant enhancement in both thermal conductivity (≈301% enhancement, 54.2 W m−1 K−1, 51 vol%, 100 μm of spherical copper) and electrical conductivity (≈163% enhancement, 5.18 S μm−1) can be achieved by optimizing size, shape, and amount of the fillers. The as‐prepared copper filler–liquid metal composite shows distinguished heat dissipation performance in the thermal management of electronic devices. This work may also help to expand their usage in a wide range of applications, including thermal management systems, biomedical systems, and smart robotics.
Benefits of a Skull‐Interfaced Flexible and Implantable Multilight Emitting Diode Array for Photobiomodulation in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kim Hyunha , Kim Min Jae , Kwon Young Woo , Jeon Sangheon , Lee Seo‐Yeon , Kim Chang‐Seok , Choi Byung Tae , Shin Yong‐Il , Hong Suck Won , Shin Hwa Kyoung
Published: January 2022

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has received attention due to its potential for improving tissue function and enhancing regeneration in stroke. A lightweight, compact, and simple system of miniaturized electronic devices consisting of packaged light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that incorporates a flexible substrate for in vivo brain PBM in a mouse model is developed. Using this device platform, the preventive and therapeutic effects of PBM affixed to the exposed skull of mice in the photothrombosis and middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model are evaluated. Among the wavelength range of 630, 850, and 940 nm LED array, the PBM with 630‐nm LED array is proved to be the most effective for reducing the infarction volume and neurological impairment after ischemic stroke. Moreover, the PBM with 630 nm LED array remarkably improves the capability of spatial learning and memory in the chronic poststroke phase, attenuates AIM2 inflammasome activation and inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis, and modulates microglial polarization in the hippocampus and cortex 7 days following ischemic stroke. Thus, PBM may prevent tissue and functional damage in acute ischemic injury, thereby attenuating the development of cognitive impairment after stroke.
ESIPT‐based AIE luminogens: Design strategies, applications, and mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Panwang , Han Keli
Published: January 2022

In this review, we present a systematic and comprehensive summary of the recent development and applications of excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer‐based (ESIPT‐based) aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), a type of promising materials that inherit the advantages of ESIPT and AIE, such as large Stokes shift, excellent photostability, and low self‐quenching. We first summarize the backbones that have been used to construct the ESIPT‐based AIEgens and classify the constructed ones based on the relation between ESIPT and AIE unit. According to the sensing mechanisms and design strategies, we have reviewed the applications of ESIPT‐based AIEgens in bioimaging, drug delivery systems, organic light‐emitting diodes, photo‐patterning, liquid crystal, and the detection of metal cations, anions, small molecules, biothiols, biological enzymes, latent fingerprinting, and so on. We have also reviewed the recent advances in the development of new theoretical methods for investigating molecular photochemistry in crystals and their applications in ESIPT‐based AIEgens. We discussed the remaining challenges in this field and the issues that need to be addressed. We anticipate that this review can provide a comprehensive picture of the current condition of research in this field, and promote researchers to make more efforts to develop novel ESIPT‐based AIEgens with new applications.