bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Eternity Clause
Authors: Preuss Ondřej
Published: May 2019

The Eternity Clause – Lessons from the Czech Example

This article presents lessons from the Czech example of the so-called Eternity Clause’ i.e. a legal standard declaring certain principles, values or specific constitutional provisions to be unalterable and irrevocable. The Eternity Clause is viewed and applied in the Czech Republic as a substantive legal ‘instrument’ that enables society to preserve its values. It is used to limit practical ‘power’ and to maintain desired values and the political system.

That the Eternity clause is a practical instrument has already been proved by the Czech Constitutional Court in its famous ‘Melcák’ decision. However, recent developments show that the Czech Constitutional Court is no longer open to such a ‘radical’ approach. Nonetheless, it still seems that the court is prepared to defend the values of liberal democracy, just not in such a spectacular way. It is, therefore, more up to the political actors or the people themselves to use Eternity Clause arguments to protect liberal democracy and its values.
Limited Constitutional Amendment Powers in Austria?
Authors: Stelzer Manfred
Published: May 2019

Limited Constitutional Amendment Powers in Austria?

In Austria, constitutional amendments can be attained rather easily. A two-thirds majority in parliament allows for engineering constitutional amendments. The Austrian constitution only knows one exception to its flexibility: the principles of the constitution (‘Verfassungsprinzipien’). When the constitutional principles were to be affected by formal amendment in terms of a ‘total revision’ (‘Gesamtänderung’), a higher threshold needs to be met in order to engineer an amendment. In addition to a two-thirds majority in parliament, a referendum is required. Two questions are of particular interest: First, when does a constitutional amendment amount to a total revision and what are its limits? Second, and even more important, which core principles are recognized by the Austrian constitution and what is their content? These questions may be briefly outlined.
Constitutional Unamendability in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Ojanen Tuomas
Published: May 2019

Constitutional Unamendability in the Nordic Countries

With the exception of the Constitution of Norway, the Constitutions of Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden are silent on any substantive limits to the power of constitutional amendment. Until now, the topic of constitutional unamendability has also attracted very little attention in Nordic constitutional scholarship.

However, some idiosyncrasies making up the identity of the Nordic constitutions, as well as constitutional limits to Nordic participation in European integration, may implicate the existence of some implicit limits to amendment powers. Similarly, international human rights obligations binding upon the Nordic countries, as well as European Union law and European Economic Area law, may impose some external, supra-constitutional limitations on the powers of Nordic constitutional amenders. However, the existence of any implicit or supra-constitutional unamendability is speculative in the current state of evolution of Nordic constitutionalism. This is even more so since the use of constitutional amendment powers are beyond judicial review by the Nordic courts.
Intergenerationele continuïteit of discontinuïteit van crimineel gedrag?
Authors: van de Weijer Steve
Published: May 2019

Intergenerational continuity or discontinuity of criminal behavior? A study on the moderating influence of living together and the geographical distance between parents and children

This study (N=921) examines whether living together with a criminal parent moderates the intergenerational continuity of crime. Results are mixed, but show that the intergenerational continuity of crime decreases when the child lived together with the criminal parent for a shorter period of time. This association is most strong for children whose criminal mothers live on a large distance from them. Longitudinal fixed effects models, however, show that these results are likely the consequence of between-individual differences and therefore do not reflect causal influences on the intergenerational continuity of crime.
‘Zij vreet er ook van’
Authors: Janssen Janine
Published: May 2019

‘She also has a slice of the cake’ On the uneasy relationship between domestic violence and organized crime

In The Netherlands not much attention has been paid towards the relationship between domestic violence and organized crime. In this contribution the question is addressed why this is. One of the answers is that there is doubt about the moral status of the victim of organized crime: it assumed that the victim has benefited from the proceedings of organized crime. When domestic violence and involvement with organized crime by one of the family members come together, the case becomes more complex and difficult to deal with. For that reason professionals and researchers should pay more attention to the overlap of both phenomena.
Euler-Ces`aro difference spaces of bounded, convergent and null sequences
Authors: Basar Feyzi , Braha Naim L.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we introduce the spaces $\breve{\ell}_{\infty}$, $\breve{c}$ and $\breve{c}_{0}$ of Euler-Ces`aro bounded, convergent and null difference sequences and prove that the inclusions $\ell_{\infty}\subset\breve{\ell}_{\infty}$, $c\subset\breve{c}$ and $c_{0}\subset\breve{c}_{0}$ strictly hold. We show that the spaces $\breve{c}_{0}$ and $\breve{c}$ turn out to be the separable BK spaces such that $\breve{c}$ does not possess any of the following: AK property and monotonicity. We determine the alpha-, beta- and gamma-duals of the new spaces and characterize the matrix classes $(\breve{c}:\ell_{\infty})$, $(\breve{c}:c)$ and $(\breve{c}:c_0)$.
Risky play from the student’s perspective
Authors: Rogulj Edita
Published: May 2019

The interactive process involving play as a main component of children’s activities enables children to identify existing knowledge, skills and abilities, and to enhance and enrich them with new cognitive
elements. Outdoor play is certainly an inspiration for a child’s holistic development. Children have the opportunity for motor, psychological and cognitive development in an environment that provides
countless situations that are changing due to constant natural variations that occur under the infl uence of meteorological changes, changes in plant and animal life. Along with the above elements, it is
necessary to add an element of risky play that is equally important in the process of childhood education and learning. Today’s overprotection of children by parents has taken away the segment of risky
play, which is an important element of childhood. Parents’ attitude towards risky play also defi nes the attitude of kindergarten teachers who, under the pressure of parents, create an artifi cial environment
in which a child is unable to explore this important segment of play, or take risks in their activities, decisions and procedures. That exact segment is the subject of this research, which aims to explore the
opinions of the future kindergarten teachers about risky play and their attitude towards it. The research was conducted through a questionnaire in which students of their 3rd year of undergraduate studies and
1st year of graduate studies of early and pre-school education took part. According to the results of this research, we have observed the need for changes in the education of future kindergarten teachers. This
can be done by expanding the content related to the Outdoor Curriculum and risky play.
Biosimilars: Chancen und Grenzen der Substitution
Authors: Flume Mathias
Published: May 2019

Biosimilars sind in der Arzneimittelversorgung etabliert, die optimale Steuerung wird jedoch immer noch kontrovers diskutiert. Reicht die bisherige Steuerung über Quoten aus oder ist als nächster Schritt eine Substitution in der Apotheke notwendig, um die Wirtschaftlichkeitspotentiale angemessen auszuschöpfen? Der Beitrag analysiert kritisch den aktuellen Stand der Diskussion, auch im Vergleich zu anderen Gesundheitssystemen.
Die Beziehungen zwischen Journalisten und Rechtsextremisten. Wechselseitige Wahrnehmungen, Ziele und Interaktionen
Authors: Baugut Philip , Neumann Katharina
Published: May 2019

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Zielen und wechselseitigen Wahrnehmungen von Journalisten und Rechtsextremisten, die als Einflussfaktoren auf deren Interaktionen konzeptualisiert werden. Auf Basis von 15 Interviews mit Journalisten, die über Gebiete mit starker rechtsextremer Szene berichten, und sieben Interviews mit ehemals hochrangigen Führungskadern der rechtsextremen Szene konnten unterschiedliche Interaktionsmuster erstmals systematisch beschrieben und erklärt werden. Die Interviews der Szene-Aussteiger legen nahe, dass unterschiedliche Teile der Szene unterschiedliche Darstellungen in den Massenmedien anstreben und in Journalisten ein einflussreiches und beeinflussbares Feindbild sehen, das es zu instrumentalisieren gilt. Die Journalisten waren sich der Heterogenität der Szene bewusst und betonten, im Sinne eines passiven Rollenverständnisses nicht aktivistisch, sondern auch über Rechtsextremismus möglichst objektiv berichten zu wollen. Gleichwohl zeigten sich auf journalistischer Seite verantwortungsethische Überlegungen, der Szene keine Werbeplattform zu geben und ihre Gefährlichkeit herauszuarbeiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund schilderten Journalisten und Szene-Aussteiger übereinstimmend, dass es neben Gewalt und Drohungen gegen Journalisten auch zum professionellen Tausch von Information gegen Publizität im Sinne klassischer PR kommt.
Forschungsethik in der kommunikations- und medienwissenschaftlichen Hochschullehre. Erkenntnisse aus der Praxis
Authors: Rakebrand Thomas , Schlütz Daniela
Published: May 2019

In den letzten Jahren wurden vermehrt Forderungen nach einer systematischen Verankerung forschungsethischer Aspekte sowohl in der sozialwissenschaftlichen als auch spezifisch in der kommunikations- und medienwissenschaftlichen (KMW) Hochschullehre laut. Insbesondere mangelt es an Konzepten zur Vermittlung von Forschungsethik in der Lehre. In diesem Beitrag geben wir daher Anregungen für die didaktische Aufbereitung entsprechender Lehrangebote auf Basis bereits durchgeführter Veranstaltungen an der Universität Leipzig und gehen dabei auf Ziele, Chancen und Herausforderungen ein. Wir schlagen konkrete didaktische Bausteine vor, die sich flexibel innerhalb eigener Lehrkonzepte in der KMW anwenden lassen. Dabei wird Forschungsethik sowohl als in verschiedene Lehrveranstaltungen integriertes Querschnittsthema bzw. als Einzelaspekt betrachtet als auch als Schwerpunkt von Veranstaltungen. Darüber hinaus plädieren wir für einen Austausch über die Thematisierung forschungsethischer Aspekte in der Lehre innerhalb der KMW-Gemeinschaft. Wir empfehlen dabei, nicht nur die Methodenausbildung in den Blick zu nehmen, sondern auch auf theoretischer Ebene die KMW als System ethisch zu reflektieren.
Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler und Grethe Jürgens
Authors: Waike-Koormann Maren
Published: May 2019

Mit dem vorliegenden Band eröffnet Maren Waike-Koormann neue Blickwinkel auf das Werk, die Biografie und die Wahrnehmung der beiden 1899 geborenen Künstlerinnen Elfriede Lohse-Wächtler und Grethe Jürgens. Durch Betrachtung ihrer Ausbildungswege, ihrer Etablierungsbestrebungen und Rezeptionsgeschichten wird die Wirkmächtigkeit von Strukturmustern und tradierten Erzählweisen bis hin zu Mythisierungen sichtbar. Kern der Untersuchung ist die Analyse von unterschiedlich gearteten Selbstzeugnissen und Paardarstellungen aus den 1920er und 1930er Jahren mit dem Fokus auf Konstellationen von Bild, Raum und Geschlecht. Eine Analyse von ausgewählten Arbeiten des Künstlers Otto Dix als erfolgreichem männlichen Vertreter der modernen Avantgarde lässt Machtmechanismen, Hierarchien, Abgrenzungsmechanismen und deren Bildwerdung zusätzlich deutlich werden.

Im Ausblick plädiert die Autorin für eine Öffnung teilweise „festgefahrener“ Interpretationsweisen, Erzählstrategien und Rezeptionsmechanismen in Bezug auf das künstlerische Schaffen von Frauen zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts.
Comparison of postoperative pain according to the harvesting method used in hair restorative surgery
Authors: Kim Yang Seok , Na Young Cheon , Park Jae Hyun
Published: May 2019

Background Postoperative pain is one of the most common concerns of patients undergoing hair transplantation surgery. Because most patients are satisfied with the cosmetic improvement after transplantation, amelioration of postoperative pain would help to increase patient accessibility to hair restorative surgery and greatly impact patient satisfaction with the final cosmetic results. This study was performed to investigate postoperative pain after hair transplantation.

Methods In total, 241 patients (202 who underwent follicular unit transplantation [FUT] and 39 who underwent follicular unit extraction [FUE]) were eligible for the study. Postoperative pain was evaluated on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. The patients’ medical records were retrospectively reviewed for information on the harvesting method, number of transplanted grafts, size of donor design, and laxity, elasticity, and glidability of the scalp in relation to postoperative pain.

Results Postoperative pain after hair transplantation, assessed with the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, seemed to provide very subjective results. None of the variables were correlated with postoperative pain in the FUT group. Such pain, however, tended to disappear by postoperative day 3. Patients in the FUE group experienced significantly less severe pain than those in the FUT group.

Conclusions Postoperative pain was significantly less severe in patients whose donor hair was harvested by the FUE than FUT method. Postoperative pain had almost disappeared by postoperative day 3 in the FUT group, whereas only minimal pain was present even on postoperative day 1 in the FUE group.
Perception of upper lip augmentation utilizing simulated photography
Authors: Linkov Gary , Wick Elizabeth , Kallogjeri Dorina , Chen Collin L. , Branham Gregory H.
Published: May 2019

Background No head to head comparison is available between surgical lip lifting and upper lip filler injections to decide which technique yields the best results in patients. Despite the growing popularity of upper lip augmentation, its effect on societal perceptions of attractiveness, successfulness and overall health in woman is unknown.

Methods Blinded casual observers viewed three versions of independent images of 15 unique patient lower faces for a total of 45 images. Observers rated the attractiveness, perceived success, and perceived overall health for each patient image. Facial perception questions were answered on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100, where higher scores corresponded to more positive responses.

Results Two hundred and seventeen random observers with an average age of 47 years (standard deviation, 15.9) rated the images. The majority of observers were females (n=183, 84%) of white race (n=174, 80%) and had at least some college education (n=202, 93%). The marginal mean score for perceived attractiveness from the natural condition was 1.5 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–2.18) higher than perceived attractiveness from the simulated upper lip filler injection condition, and 2.6 points higher (95% CI, 1.95–3.24) than the simulated upper lip lift condition. There was a moderate to strong correlation between the scores of the same observer.

Conclusions Simulated upper lip augmentation is amenable to social perception analysis. Scores of the same observer for attractiveness, successfulness, and overall health are strongly correlated. Overall, the natural condition had the highest scores in all categories, followed by simulated upper lip filler, and lastly simulated upper lip lift.
Safe anesthesia for office-based plastic surgery: Proceedings from the PRS Korea 2018 meeting in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Osman Brian M. , Shapiro Fred E.
Published: May 2019

There has been an exponential increase in plastic surgery cases over the last 20 years, surging from 2.8 million to 17.5 million cases per year. Seventy-two percent of these cases are being performed in the office-based or ambulatory setting. There are certain advantages to performing aesthetic procedures in the office, but several widely publicized fatalities and malpractice claims has put the spotlight on patient safety and the lack of uniform regulation of office-based practices. While 33 states currently have legislation for office-based surgery and anesthesia, 17 states have no mandate to report patient deaths or adverse outcomes. The literature on office-base surgery and anesthesia has demonstrated significant improvements in patient safety over the last 20 years. In the following review of the proceedings from the PRS Korea 2018 meeting, we discuss several key concepts regarding safe anesthesia for officebased cosmetic surgery. These include the safe delivery of oxygen, appropriate local anesthetic usage and the avoidance of local anesthetic toxicity, the implementation of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery protocols, multimodal analgesic techniques with less reliance on narcotic pain medications, the use of surgical safety checklists, and incorporating “the patient” into the surgical decision-making process through decision aids.
65 ГОДИНА АРХИВА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ 1953–2018
Authors: СТОЈНИЋ БОЈАН
Published: May 2019

Овај рад представља кратку презентацију историје Архива Републике Српске од његовог оснивања до данас. Архив града Бањалуке осно-ван је 1953, Градски архив у Добоју 1954, а Општински архив у Фочи 1981. године. Градски архив у Бањалуци је послије три године прерастао у Срески архив, а 1963. у Архив Босанске Крајине. У Добоју се регионални архив оснива 1973, а у Фочи 1986. године. Избијањем грађанског рата у Босни и Херцегови-ни, у прољеће 1992, донијела је Влада Српске Републике БиХ Одлуку о оснива-њу Архива Српске Републике Босне и Херцеговине. Данас је Архив Републике Српске, са статусом републичке управне организације у саставу Министарства просвјете и културе, централна установа за заштиту културних добара.
ЗАНАТСТВО, ТРГОВИНА И УГОСТИТЕЉСТВО У ОПШТИНИ ДОБРЊА 1952–1960
Authors: ЈОСИПОВИЋ ВЕРИЦА
Published: May 2019

У раду је приказано стање и развој занатства, трговине и угоститељства за вријеме постојања општине Добрња од 1952. до 1960. године. Због недостатка историјских извора, рад је настао искључиво на основу архив-ских докумената пронађених приликом сређивања фондова Народни одбор сре-за Бањалука и Народни одбор општине Добрња.
Конференција 28. међународни архивски дан и 12. јесења школа архивистике у Трсту 2018.
Authors: ТОДОРОВИЋ БИЛИЋ МАРИЈАНА
Published: May 2019

У организацији Међународног института за архивистичке науке из Трста и Марибора (IIAS – International Institute for Archival Science of Trieste and Maribor), у NH Hotels у Трсту je 19. и 20. новембра 2018. године одржан 28. међународни архивски дан. Као и претходних година, учешће на конференцији уприличило је неколико десетина архивиста из цијелог свијета. Овогодишње теме којима су се бавили архивисти биле су: Приватни архиви: Питања заштите и приступа и Прописи о заштити личних података. Радови са кон-ференције су објављени у двотомном зборнику Atlanti за 2018. годину.
Школство у Босанској Крајини (Бихаћка и Врбаска област) 1918–1929: Зборник докумената, приредили: др Гојко Маловић, мр Горан Ђуран, Љубица Ећимовић, Удружење архивских радника Републике Српске и] Архив Републике Српске, Бањалука 2018, стр. 447
Authors: ТОДОРОВИЋ БИЛИЋ МАРИЈАНА
Published: May 2019

Удружење архивских радника Републике Српске и Архив Републике Српске, уз помоћ средстава Министарства културе и информисања Републике Србије, објавили су ''Школство у Босанској Крајини (Бихаћка и Врбаска област) 1918–1929: Зборник докумената'', приређивача др Гојка Маловића, мр Горана Ђурана и Љубице Ећимовић. Овај Зборник је усмјерен на развој школства на територији Босанске Крајине, која је у времену 1918–1929. године обухватала Бихаћку и Врбаску област.
Critical multi-stranded approach to determining the tolerance and ecological values of diatoms in unique aquatic ecosystems of anthropogenic origin
Authors: Olszyński Rafał M. , Szczepocka Ewelina , Żelazna-Wieczorek Joanna
Published: May 2019

Background. The ecological state of surface waters is typically assessed by a multi-aspect approach based on a determination of its chemical and physical parameters by hydromorphology and the use of indicator organisms such as benthic diatoms. By assigning ecological indicator values (EIV), it is possible to create diatom indexes which serve as the basic tool in assessing the ecological status of surface waters. These ecological indicator values are set according to classification systems, such as the Van Dam et al. system, which classifies species of diatoms according to seven different ecological factors. However, recent studies on the autecology of diatoms have shown the need to verify and establish new ecological indicator values. To this end, water ecosystems are good environments to observe the range of tolerance of benthic diatoms to environmental conditions due to their unique physical and chemical parameters. The aim of the present study was to propose the establishment of new, or changed, ecological indicator values, according to Van Dam et al., of species of diatoms characteristic of three post-mining aquatic ecosystems Methods. In total, 36 species were identified that were characteristic of three water ecosystems: a salt water complex, a mined iron ore reservoir and a mined lignite reservoir. Their ecological indicator values were calculated using OMNIDIA software, and the environmental conditions prevailing in the studied ecosystems were determined. Of the 36 characteristic species, 16 lacking at least one assigned ecological indicator value were analysed further. The analysis identified three groups of selected characteristic species which showed a correlation, or lack of such, to the tested physical and chemical parameters. Results. Based on this multistage study of the autecology of characteristic diatoms, comprising an analysis of environmental conditions, literature analysis and reference indicator values of other species, it is proposed that 32 ecological indicator values be established or adjusted for 16 species, and that Planothidium frequentissimum be excluded from water quality assessments.
A Sparse-Modeling based approach for Class-Specific feature selection
Authors: Nardone Davide , Ciaramella Angelo , Staiano Antonino
Published: May 2019

In this work, we propose a novel Feature Selection framework, called Sparse-Modeling Based Approach for Class Specific Feature Selection (SMBA-CSFS), that simultaneously exploits the idea of Sparse Modeling and Class-Specific Feature Selection. Feature selection plays a key role in several fields (e.g., computational biology), making it possible to treat models with fewer variables which, in turn, are easier to explain, by providing valuable insights on the importance of their role, and might speed the experimental validation up. Unfortunately, also corroborated by the no free lunch theorems, none of the approaches in literature is the most apt to detect the optimal feature subset for building a final model, thus it still represents a challenge. The proposed feature selection procedure conceives a two steps approach: (a) a sparse modeling-based learning technique is first used to find the best subset of features, for each class of a training set; (b) the discovered feature subsets are then fed to a class-specific feature selection scheme, in order to assess the effectiveness of the selected features in classification tasks. To this end, an ensemble of classifiers is built, where each classifier is trained on its own feature subset discovered in the previous phase, and a proper decision rule is adopted to compute the ensemble responses. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, extensive experiments have been performed on publicly available datasets, in particular belonging to the computational biology field where feature selection is indispensable: the acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, the human carcinomas, the human lung carcinomas, the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and the malignant glioma. SMBA-CSFS is able to identify/retrieve the most representative features that maximize the classification accuracy. With top 20 and 80 features, SMBA-CSFS exhibits a promising performance when compared to its competitors from literature, on all considered datasets, especially those with a higher number of features. Experiments show that the proposed approach might outperform the state-of-the-art methods when the number of features is high. For this reason, the introduced approach proposes itself for selection and classification of data with a large number of features and classes.
FOXP2 exhibits projection neuron class specific expression, but is not required for multiple aspects of cortical histogenesis
Authors: Kast Ryan J , Lanjewar Alexandra L , Smith Colton D , Levitt Pat
Published: May 2019

The expression patterns of the transcription factor FOXP2 in the developing mammalian forebrain have been described, and some studies have tested the role of this protein in the development and function of specific forebrain circuits by diverse methods and in multiple species. Clinically, mutations in FOXP2 are associated with severe developmental speech disturbances, and molecular studies indicate that impairment of Foxp2 may lead to dysregulation of genes involved in forebrain histogenesis. Here, anatomical and molecular phenotypes of the cortical neuron populations that express FOXP2 were characterized in mice. Additionally, Foxp2 was removed from the developing mouse cortex at different prenatal ages using two Cre-recombinase driver lines. Detailed molecular and circuit analyses were undertaken to identify potential disruptions of development. Surprisingly, the results demonstrate that Foxp2 function is not required for many functions that it has been proposed to regulate, and therefore plays a more limited role in cortical development than previously thought.
Accelerated redevelopment of vocal skills is preceded by lasting reorganization of the song motor circuitry
Authors: Vellema Michiel , Diales Rocha Mariana , Bascones Sabrina , Zsebők Sándor , Dreier Jes , Leitner Stefan , Van der Linden Annemie , Brewer Jonathan , Gahr Manfred
Published: May 2019

Complex motor skills take considerable time and practice to learn. Without continued practice the level of skill performance quickly degrades, posing a problem for the timely utilization of skilled motor behaviors. Here we quantified the recurring development of vocal motor skills and the accompanying changes in synaptic connectivity in the brain of a songbird, while manipulating skill performance by consecutively administrating and withdrawing testosterone. We demonstrate that a songbird with prior singing experience can significantly accelerate the re-acquisition of vocal performance. We further demonstrate that an increase in vocal performance is accompanied by a pronounced synaptic pruning in the forebrain vocal motor area HVC, a reduction that is not reversed when birds stop singing. These results provide evidence that lasting synaptic changes in the motor circuitry are associated with the savings of motor skills, enabling a rapid recovery of motor performance under environmental time constraints.
Influence of surface nitridation and an AlN buffer layer on the growth of GaN nanostructures on a flexible Ti metal foil using laser molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Ramesh Chodipilli , Tyagi Prashant , Gupta Govind , Kumar Muthusamy Senthil , Kushvaha Sunil Singh
Published: May 2019

GaN nanorods (NRs) and hollow nanocolumns (HNCs) were grown on flexible Ti foils using laser-assisted molecular beam epitaxy at a growth temperature of 700 °C. The shape, size and density of the GaN nanostructures were tuned by surface nitridation and AlN buffer layer growth temperature on a Ti foil. Sparse (∼ 5.5 × 108 cm−2) GaN NRs were obtained on the bare surface whereas dense (∼3.47 × 109 cm−2) GaN NRs were grown on the nitridated Ti foil. The shape of the GaN changed from NRs to HNCs by introducing an AlN buffer layer on nitridated Ti foil. Raman spectroscopy showed the grown GaN nanostructures have a wurtzite crystal structure. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements show that the GaN nanostructures possess an intensive near band edge emission at ∼3.42 eV with a negligible defect-related peak. The growth of tunable GaN nanostructures on flexible metal foils is attractive for flexible optoelectronics and sensor devices.
PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE AVALIAÇÃO, PRESTAÇÃO DE CONTAS E RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO (ACCOUNTABILITY) NO BRASIL
Authors: Schneider Marilda Pasqual , Miguel Samuel Santos
Published: May 2019

Tendo em conta a recente utilização de ferramentas de accountability na regulação dos serviços públicos, o estudo tem por objetivo identificar matrizes teórico-conceituais da produção científica sobre o tema no Brasil, em áreas de conhecimento vinculadas à gestão pública. Utiliza os pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa e do estudo documental para efetuar levantamento e análise de artigos publicizados no Portal de Periódicos da Capes, entre os anos de 2001 a 2016, considerando os seguintes descritores de busca em associação com o termo accountability: avaliação, prestação de contas responsabilização. Identifica autores de referência, evidenciando a notoriedade de pesquisadores das ciências políticas na delimitação de bases teórico-conceituais em trabalhos publicizados no período.
COM O PENSAMENTO DO CORAÇÃO, ENTRELAÇANDO DOCÊNCIA E FORMAÇÃO ESTÉTICA
Authors: Ostetto Luciana Esmeralda
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo compartilha questões e caminhos de investigação trilhados por um grupo de pesquisa que estuda formação estética docente, arte e infância e assume os aportes teórico-metodológicos das abordagens (auto)biográficas como principais referências. Coloca em discussão concepções de estética, trazendo para o campo da Educação elementos que, tradicionalmente, localizam-se no âmbito da Arte e da Filosofia. Em diálogo com o analista James Hillman, para quem a estética diz respeito à necessidade vital de reconhecer a anima mundi e o órgão da percepção, retomando a tradição fiorentina, é o coração, lugar da imaginação, conclui-se que a formação estética docente envolve abrir espaços para a escrita de si, fertilizando a (re)animação da vida, dentro e fora da docência: aisthesis.
EXPERIÊNCIA E AMOROSIDADE: ABRINDO CAMINHOS PARA A PESQUISA
Authors: Pillotto Silvia Sell Duarte , Da Silva Carla Clauber
Published: May 2019

RESUMO O artigo busca refletir sobre a necessidade de se legitimar outros modos de pesquisar na academia, uma vez que ainda hoje tal cultura está enraizada em pressupostos estabelecidos pelo método científico. O objetivo é reiterar que a pesquisa é uma escolha conectada ao pesquisador e seus interlocutores, pois durante o processo investigativo produzem conhecimentos e metodologias, que se desdobram em múltiplos olhares. De abordagem qualitativa, o artigo apoia-se na leitura bibliográfica e em pesquisas (entre)laçadas nas quais o compartilhamento de ideias, a experiência e a amorosidade se fazem presentes. Os resultados apontam para a importância de pesquisados e pesquisadores tornarem-se sujeitos da pesquisa, abertos a outros movimentos de pensares e sentires, invertendo a lógica do método científico por um modo provisório e inacabado de pesquisar.
Que savons-nous des enfants d’âge préscolaire victimes d’agression sexuelle pour guider la recherche, les services et les politiques sociales au Canada?
Authors: Gagnon Mélanie M. , Collin-Vézina Delphine , Séguin Renée , Hébert Martine , Cyr Mireille , Daignault Isabelle V.
Published: May 2019

Le but de l’article est de présenter les résultats d’un consortium d’experts désignés par le Centre d’expertise Marie-Vincent. Le mandat du consortium était d’évaluer l’état des connaissances sur les agressions sexuelles envers les enfants âgés de 5 ans et moins. Cette synthèse met en lumière les défis liés au dépistage, aux enquêtes et à l’évaluation de l’agression sexuelle chez les jeunes enfants. Le manque important de connaissances à ce sujet limite le développement de cadres de référence pour orienter les stratégies de prévention et d’intervention, qui pourtant s’avèrent essentielles pour contribuer au mieux-être des jeunes victimes et de leurs familles.
Preservation of the Moringa oleifera Constituents by Freeze-drying
Authors: Do N. Silva Semirames , A. C. Almeida Francisco , Gomes Josivanda P. , Santos Newton C. , Gomes Damião J. , Barros Sâmela L. , Almeida Raphael L. J. , Wanderley Roberta S. O. , Ribeiro Victor H. A. , Silva Virgínia M. A.
Published: May 2019

Aims: Moringa oleifera is an edible plant. A wide variety of nutritional and medicinal virtues have been attributed to its roots, barks, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the preservation of the constituents of the powder obtained from the moringa seeds by freeze-drying comparing it with the in natura (natural extract).

Place and Duration of Study: The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil, in the period from August to November 2018.

Methodology: The seeds were peeled and macerated manually. Freeze-drying was done in a Liotop® L101 benchtop freeze drier. After dehydration the samples were disintegrated and the physical and physico-chemical constituents were evaluated before and after freeze-drying in terms of apparent density, real density, porosity, compacted density, compressibility index, Hausner factor, solubility, moisture content and activity, ash, titratable total acidity, pH, protein, lipids and carbohydrates.

Results: The in natura powder presented better results for the physical analyzes of the densities: apparent, real and compacted, however, it was observed that for the other physical parameters and physicochemical constituents the freeze-drying promoted the preservation of these in front of the in natura. Freeze-drying caused a significant reduction in moisture content, pH and lipid activity, making the powders more stable and contributing to the maintenance of their physico-chemical qualities. The inverse was observed for the ash, protein and carbohydrate contents, where freeze-drying promoted increases in their contents.

Conclusion: Freeze-drying presents as an appropriate method in the preservation of moringa constituents, with emphasis on physicochemical.
Concentrations and Risk Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Amaranthus (L.) Leaf Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria
Authors: Yaradua A. I. , Alhassan A. J. , Nasir A. , Matazu K. I. , Usman A. , Idi A. , Muhammad I. U. , Yaro S. A. , Muhammad Y. Y.
Published: May 2019

Bioaccumulation of seven heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in  Amaranthus leaf cultivated in Katsina state Nigeria were measured using atomic absorption spectrometer. The health risks to the local inhabitants from the consumption of the Amaranthus leaf were evaluated based on the Target Hazard Quotient. The possibility of cancer risks in the Amaranthus (L.) leaf through the intake of carcinogenic heavy metals was estimated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk. The target hazard quotient was (THQ)>1, indicating that the Amaranthus leaf cultivated may pose a non-carcinogenic risk for all the studied metals. Hazard index (HI) was low. The incremental cancer risk (ILCR) for Cd  violated the threshold risk limit (>10−4) and ILCR for Pb reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in all the studied samples in adults, While in children ILCR for both Pb in samples from Dabai, Daura, Funtua, Matazu and Zango and Cd for all samples have reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3), while the ILCR for Pb in samples from Birchi, Dutsinma, Kafur, Katsina and Malunfashi are beyond the moderate risk level (>10−2). The study suggests that consumption of Amaranthus leaf cultivated in Katsina may contribute to the population cancer burden.
Use of Micafungin for the Management of a Cluster of Invasive Aspergillosis in Children with Cancer
Authors: Caselli Désirée , Galli Luisa , Tondo Annalisa , Cuzzubbo Daniela , Casini Tommaso , Simone Lorena Di , Tamburini Angela , Bambi Franco , Tucci Fabio , Aricò Maurizio
Published: May 2019

Background: Progressive increase of the capacity to cure children with cancer makes their rescue from life-threatening infectious complications, such as invasive fungal infections, a compelling challenge. Local outbreak among patients at risk may occur, and the optimal strategy for their management, including prophylactic regimens, is not defined.

Purpose: We describe our experience in the use of micafungin to break a cluster of invasive aspergillosis in children and adolescent with cancer.

Methods: Since study start, all in-patients who had severe neutropenia (<500/mm3) received prophylaxis with micafungin (1 mg/kg; ≤50 mg) daily i.v. until discharge. Serial testing of galactomannan was used as screening test for invasive aspergillosis; lung computed tomography was performed in patients who tested positive at repeated assay.

Results: Among 27 patients enrolled, one was excluded due to breakthrough invasive aspergillosis diagnosed on day 2. The remaining 26 patients were observed for a minimum of 90 days. Four patients had one positive galactomannan test; this was confirmed at second (but not at third) serial assay in a single patient. None of the patients developed invasive aspergillosis. The drug was very well tolerated, with no side effects related to micafungin administration. The total cost of the drug used for this “prophylaxis” in the study patients was €30.451, with a mean cost per patient of €1.133.

Conclusions: “Prophylactic” use of micafungin was safe, feasible and turned out to be associated with breaking the cluster of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients exposed to an environmental risk. The pharmaco-economic evaluation also turned to be highly favorable.
Structural Characterization of Mint (Mentha x villosa Huds) Stem and Leaf
Authors: Bezerra Ana Carolina , Barbosa Luana da Silva , Flávio Cardoso Zuza José , Forte de Oliveira Agda Malany , Azevedo Camila Firmino de
Published: May 2019

Aims: The objective of this study was to identify the structural characteristics of the shoots of Mentha x villosa Huds and also, identify the main structures responsible for the production of active principles.

Methodology: The analyzes were performed with stems and leaves from adult and healthy plants, which presented a uniform morphological pattern. The materials selected for the anatomical analyzes were fixed in FAA for 24 hours and after this period conditioned in 70% alcohol. Cross-sections and paradermic sections were manually made with a cutting blade. For sections analysis, 1% sodium hypochlorite was used for discoloration and safranine 10% dye for tissue staining.

Results: The leaf of Mentha x villosa Huds presents asymmetric mesophyll, formed by palisade and lacunar parenchyma, and uniseriate epidermis. The diacytic stomata are located on the abaxial surface of the leaves with different sizes, all having a substomatal chamber. On both sides of leaves, glandular trichomes were observed in great quantity. The leaf midrib is formed by a large vascular bundle, with xylem facing the adaxial surface and phloem facing the abaxial surface. The stem presents uniseriate epidermis and below it can be found one or two layers of colenchyma. The vascular bundle consists of four main xylem points, and externally to it is found the phloem, which gives the quadrangular shape to the stem. Mentha x villosa Huds has characteristics that are common to aromatic species of the Lamiaceae family, which makes its characterization and differentiation difficult, as for example, its secretory structures which do not have taxonomic importance for differentiation on this species, since they are similar in other species of the same family.

Conclusion: However, Mentha x villosa has a larger number of cell layers in the lacunar parenchyma, which is an important characteristic for the differentiation of species.
STEM Revisited: A Paradigm Shift in Teaching and Learning the Science Related Disciplines
Authors: Koutsopoulos K. C.
Published: May 2019

For an appropriate way to deal with teaching and learning the Science Related Disciplines (SRD) there is an axiomatic need to accept an integrated-holistic approach both in terms of the way we regard them and of how we practice them. As a result of that need, this paper presents a multi-prong proposition to  substantiate that teaching and learning of the SRD have recently undergone a paradigm shift from a Relational Literacies approach, based on searching for knowledge, and  which in turn has replaced the traditional Independent Disciplines approach, based on transmitting knowledge, towards an integrated-holistic approach, bringing education into the new Integrated Competences paradigm, which is based on formulating knowledge and which should be understood as representing the confrontation of the Science Related Disciplines with the real world and its conditions.
Effect of Boiling and Fermentation on Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid and Micronutrients Composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) Seeds
Authors: Chukwu Charles Nnanna , Ogunka-Nnoka Charity Uchechi , Akaninwor Joyce Oronne
Published: May 2019

Aim: To ascertain the effects of boiling and fermentation on the physicochemical properties, fatty acid, mineral and vitamin composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) seeds.

Study Design: Completely randomized design

Place and Duration of Study: Rivers and Anambra states, Nigeria, between February and September, 2018.

Methodology: Two portions of 200 grams of HS seeds each were subjected to boiling and fermentation. The three samples were designated HSR, HSB and HSF for raw, boiled and fermented HS seeds respectively. Standard methods were used in determining the physicochemical properties and micronutrient composition, while fatty acid constituents were identified using a gas chromatography.

Results: The acid, free fatty acid, peroxidase values and specific gravity were significantly increased (p<0.05), while iodine value was significantly reduced (p<0.05) after boiling and fermentation. Saponification value showed a mixed trend, while refractive index was not significantly (p>0.05) altered. Lauric (5.51–33.79%), palmitic (27.23–30.87%) and myristic (12.69–35.00%) acids were the predominant saturated fatty acids in HSR, HSB and HSF samples respectively. Oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic and arachidonic acids were the unsaturated fatty acids present in the samples. Boiling increased oleic acid level, while fermentation caused a drastic reduction (>90%) in its amount. Linoleic acid level improved up to 43% after fermentation. Magnesium, iron and sodium amounts significantly (p<0.05) reduced after boiling and fermentation, while zinc, calcium and molybdenum levels were significantly (p<0.05) improved after boiling. Na/K ratios for all the samples were greater than 0.60, while Ca/Mg values ranged between 0.82 and 3.46, below the recommended value (1.0). Vitamins B1, B3, B12 and D were significantly reduced (p<0.05) after boiling and fermentation, while fermentation significantly increased (p<0.05) vitamins B2, A, E and K levels.

Conclusion: HS seeds were shown to possess good physicochemical properties that can enhance its utility in the industry. Boiling and fermentation maximized the usefulness of HS seeds as quality nutritional plant.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN SINONIMI KATA KERJA DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA TIONGHOA PADA MAHASISWA SASTRA TIONGHOA UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN PETRA
Authors: Salim Melisia , Markali Alpin Gadman , Wijaya Liejanto
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis jenis kesalahan dan penyebab kesalahan dalam menggunakan sinonimi kata kerja ke dalam kalimat bahasa Tionghoa pada mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Tionghoa angkatan 2015, Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya.Pada proses pembelajaran seringkali timbul kesalahan dalam memadukan objek serta kegunaannya dari sinonimi kata kerja bahasa Tionghoa dalam kalimat, sehingga mendorong penulis untuk menganalisis lebih lanjut terhadap kesalahan penggunaan serta penyebabnya yang didasarkan pada teori sinonim bahasa Tionghoa oleh Xing dan Wang (2009). Data penelitian didapat dari tes dan wawancara. Hasil analisis tes menunjukkan bahwa subjek penelitian masih belum dapat dengan baik menentukan sasaran objek dari sinonimi tersebut apakah diikuti objek benda atau manusia. Melalui wawancara juga diketahui kesalahan didominasi oleh kesalahan interlingual. Kesalahan ini semakin jelas terlihat saat siswa menterjemahkan sinonimi bahasa Tionghoa ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan tidak memperhatikan batasan objek sehingga timbul kesalahan. Faktor lain datang dari siswa melakukan overgeneralisasi, mengabaikan kaidah bahasa, penerapan kaidah yang kurang sempurna, faktor dari materi pengajaran dan pengajar serta dari diri siswa.Dapat diketahui bahwa penggunaan dari sinonimi kata kerja bahasa Tionghoa masih terdapat kesulitan, selain memiliki kemiripan makna, penggunaannya juga tidak semua dapat saling menggantikan, hal ini yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kesalahan penggunaan.
THE STUDY OF CLIMATE EFFECTS ON THE NUT YIELD OF COCONUT USING PARSIMONIOUS MODELS
Authors: PEIRIS T. S. G. , THATTIL R. O.
Published: July 2002

The coconut yield is harvested in six picks per year at two-monthly intervals. The yield variation between and within years is very complex and this variability has not yet been explained. The analysis of long-term nut yield and monthly climate data: rainfall (RF), pan evaporation (EV), sunshine duration (SS), wind velocity (WV), minimum and maximum air temperatures (TMIN and TMAX), and relative humidity in forenoons and afternoons (RHAM and RHPM), using multivariate methods enabled the use of the variables TMAX, RHPM and EV as significantly important determinants (parsimonious set of variables) to represent the effects of climate on coconut irrespective of picks. Parsimonious models developed using these three variables explain how the development of bunches during the active growth period responded to climate variables without physiological parameters. The models are desirable where interpretation is concerned. The yields of picks one to six were determined by the climate variability during February, June, July, September, December and February respectively. Based on the models the proper timing of the use of some agronomic practices to enhance the productivity was recommended. A common model was also fitted (R2 = 0.81; p < 0.002) to estimate the annual yield 18 months in advance using EV, RHPM and TMAX. The three variables influence the microclimate around the crown of the palm for utilizing solar radiation in dry matter partitioning and thereby nut production. The method used to screen climatic variables so as to develop parsimonious crop–weather models using multivariate and univariate techniques can be used for other tree crops.
ASPECTS OF DESIGN OF ON-FARM FERTILIZER TRIALS
Authors: FIELDING W. J. , RILEY J.
Published: July 2002

Data from 110 on-farm vegetable trials conducted in Jamaica were examined to seek guidelines as to how on-farm trials should be executed in order to obtain quality data. The results show that while one-way blocking is useful in designing experiments it may sometimes be inefficient and that two-way blocking is generally preferable. If only a small number of trials can be conducted then it is important that up to four or five replications of each treatment are used at each site. Plot sizes should be larger than those used for on-station trials. Due to low correlations between results from different sites, experiments should be conducted at many sites. Thus a large number of trials should be planned to allow for treatment–environment interactions and trial failures.