bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Masses in the Determination of Optimal Suspension Damping Coefficient
Authors: Yudianto A , Kurniadi N , Wayan Adiyasa I , Arifin Z
Published: November 2019

The proper design of the suspension damper determines the ride quality and road holding performance of the suspension system against the road excitation. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of both sprung and unsprung masses on the root-mean-square vertical acceleration experienced by the occupants to determine the optimal value of the damping coefficient. Road excitation, 2-DOF mathematical model, and ISO 2631 weighting function were numerically modelled into three different cases in Matlab platform. The responses in root-mean-square value of acceleration were then evaluated. Further, the results were compared and the analysis was performed to determine the optimal value of the damping coefficient for the proposed suspension model. The obtained results indicate that varying the sprung masses with the proportional value of unsprung masses does not affect the root-mean-square value, but it increases the value of optimum damping coefficient by 131.5 Ns/m. Making the sprung mass constant increases the root-mean-square value by 0.005 m/s2 for each chosen unsprung mass. However, fixing the unsprung mass influences both acceleration and the value of damping coefficient.
Electro-mechanical Transmission Ratio Shifter of Rubber Belt Continuously Variable Transmission for Motorcycle Applications
Authors: Supriyo Bambang , Ariyono Sugeng , Tjahjono Bambang , Sumiyarso Bambang
Published: November 2019

This paper introduces an electro-mechanical transmission ratio shifter of rubber belt continuously variable transmission (CVT). The CVT basic system consists of primary pulley (input), secondary pulley (output) and a rubber belt. This belt connects the primary pulley to the secondary pulley and tranfers the speed and torque from the input to output by means of belt-pulley contact friction. Each pulley set has one fixed and one sliding pulley sheaves. The axial movement of primary sliding pulley sheave is actuated by an electro-mechanical system consisting of the DC servomotor, actuator gears and cam mechanism, while the secondary sliding pulley sheave is constantly pushed by contra spring to mantain the overall belt tension and to prevent belt slip. By controlling the DC motor revolution, the axial position of the primary sliding pulley sheave can be adjusted to vary the primary belt-pulley contact radius, which in turn mechanically changing the secondary belt-pulley contact radius and finally changing the transmission ratio. The relationship between motor revolution, primary belt-pulley contact radius, secondary belt-pulley contact radius and transmission ratio can be determined based on mathematical equations of variator geometry, the total gear ratio of the actuator gears and cam mechanism
Effects of Fuel Injection Pressure to Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions of SI Engine
Authors: Sriyanto Joko , Budiman Agus , Irfan Majid Akmal , Al Huda Luqman , Chaerul Yuswono Lilik , Suyanto Wardan , Sukoco
Published: November 2019

The present study investigated the effects of fuel injection pressure to fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions for the Spark Ignition (SI) engine. A series of experiments were carried out in 4-cylinders gasoline engine with capacity of 1500 cc. The default fuel injection pressure was 2.8 kg/cm2. In this study, the fuel injection pressures were varied from 1.4 to 4.2 kg/cm2. The engine speeds were retained on 800, 2000, and 3000 rpm. Fuel consumption was evaluated by using a burette under static condition and a gas analyser was used to measure exhaust gas emission. As a result, fuel injection pressure affects significantly to the fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission. The lowest fuel consumption and gas (CO and HC) emissions were reached when the injection pressure was 2 kg/cm2 for all engine speeds. When the injection pressure indicated above and below the default engine specification, a higher fuel consumption and gas emission occurred. Therefore, a better control of the fuel injection system needs to be considered during the engine operation to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission.
Performance comparison of CATA’s information retrieval system application vs WTS
Authors: Purnama Jajang Jaya , Rahayu Sri , Sfenrianto  , Nugraha Fitra Septia , Nurfalah Ridan , Nawawi Hendri Mahmud , Shidiq Muhammad Ja’far , Ichsan Nurul , Fatah Haerul
Published: November 2019

Searching for data or documents that are always a necessity in the world of education, work, research an others requires convenience so that time efficiency occurs. This is supported by the emergence of various Information Retrieval system applications, one of which is cata, which is built on the Java programming language and applies the Generalized Vector Space Model method which can search based on similar keywords. Other facilities need to be developed, one of which is by applying the stemmer porter algorithm applied to the WTS (Web Tokenization Stemming) web which is built with the laravel framework that can search data or documents simply by typing the basic words so that searches are easier and faster.
The development of REST API-based android application for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in Purbalingga Regency
Authors: Wijayanto Bangun , Maryanto Eddy , Rahayu Swahesti Puspita , Iskandar Dadang
Published: November 2019

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have an important and strategic role in national economic development. Purbalingga Regency has an area of 777.64 Km2 consisting of 18 Subdistricts with contours of the region which mostly consist of mountains, access to communication and dissemination of information regarding the existence of job vacancies, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) products are absolutely necessary so that the existence of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) can improve the standard of living and the economy and equalize employment, especially in the Purbalingga region. The application made in this study is an android based application that can be used by entrepreneurs in the Purbalingga region to register their MSMEs and inform and process job vacancies. The application developed based on the REST (Representational State Transfer) architecture is proven to facilitate the process of data exchange between platforms and systems.
Analysis the use of P2P lending mobile applications in Indonesia
Authors: Wang Gunawan , Richad  , Octavius Ong Yuli Biena
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, the development of technology is developing so fast and has touched every aspect of human life, from education, health to financial services to the community. One of the technological developments in the field of financial services is the P2P Lending application where people can borrow online. The development of the use of P2P Lending applications is so fast that it reaches one million users as of May 2018, but in the journey, there are many cases that affect users both socially, ease and performance when using the P2P Lending application. Therefore, the authors conducted a study to look at the influence of Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy and Social Influence on Behavioural Intention on the Use of P2P Lending Mobile Applications using Regression statistical tests. The research result explains the positive influence of these three factors on Behavioural Intention using P2P Lending applications which are moderated by Age and Gender.
Information retrieval system in text-based skripsi document search file using vector space model method
Authors: Azis Mochammad Abdul , Hamid Abdul , Fauzi Ahmad , Yudhistira  , Yulianto Eko , Riyanto Verry , Ridwansyah  , Sfenrianto
Published: November 2019

Speed and simplicity in the process of finding documents and information have become a necessity in the campus library. The speed in finding a skripsi document that is currently still very long to find the data and more simple in displaying what you are looking for then we aim to search and find skripsi documents in a digital library at a private university in Jakarta more quickly and display what which is searched precisely. An approach is needed using the VSM method that encourages without complete keywords, and to see the effectiveness of research searches. The results of the VSM method can be applied for the development of prototype applications. The prototype used to facilitate the process of searching or finding the documents and information needed is fast and simple.
Agricultural Information Application Design using User Centered Requirements Engineering
Authors: Nurrifqhi Arian , Widowati Sri , Imrona Mahmud
Published: November 2019

In Indonesia there are 43,55 percent of low-education people where majority depend on life as farmer and the needs of farmers for information in agriculture are very diverse. So far, farmers have only used agricultural information for generations. Although technology has entered the agricultural sector, such as the use of smartphone devices. However, its use is still not productive because there are no mobile applications that can provide integrated agricultural information suitable to farmer needs. So that the User Centered Requirements Engineering (UCRE) method is needed as a process of classifying farmers information needs that are very diverse and packaged into an integrated agricultural information application design model. The results of the application design obtained usability size by 80.32% and correctness by 79% so that, it illustrates a good quality value of the application based on the need for usefulness and accuracy of information on the McCall method testing.
Effects of temporal frequency towards visual roughness perception by drifted grating stimulation
Authors: Syafiq M U , Sadiah S , Shaameri A Z , Sakri F M , Azizan M A , Haniff M F
Published: November 2019

Previous studies proved that in addition to spatial characteristics function in extracting roughness information, there is potential roughness dependability across changes in the temporal mechanisms of textured surfaces. In the present study, we created temporal coding mechanism by converting fine spatial structure surface into a temporal drifting pattern. We proposed that regular spatial structure of gratings with variation of temporal mechanism have different influence toward roughness perception. Results showed massive individual differences of roughness perception between subjects, suggesting that a combination of spatial and temporal mechanisms accounts for perceptual judgments of roughness. We suggest that visual roughness judgment was determined by spatial in grating stimulation, and improvement is needed in spatial components before temporal coding of visual roughness can be declared.
Analysis of smart house power savings with on-grid photovoltaic power system
Authors: Nurfaidah Y , Wibawa I P D , Aprilia B N D , Ekaputri C , Reza M
Published: November 2019

The use of renewable energy is needed in saving electricity from fossil fuels. The power data logger is used to determine the total household energy usage according to real-time behaviour. In this research, use of total energy used for the design of solar panel energy installations uses the Helioscope and Homer applications to find out how much power can be saved, the total Net present cost (NPC) by grid and solar panel, and the initial capital in installing solar energy panels. In a 2.200VA household with electrical energy according to consumer behaviour, which is around 9.82 kWh installing seven 300Wp solar panels is a maximum installation for 2,200VA powered residential.
Implementation of power inverter on grid connected photovoltaic generator system
Authors: Prastyo Argo , Ekaputri Cahyantarie , Reza Muhamad
Published: November 2019

The issuance of ESDM (ministry of energy and mineral resources) regulation number 49 of 2018 concerning the use of a rooftop solar power generation system by consumers of PT PLN (Persero). It is encouraging to conduct research on one method of generating electricity using solar panels. The voltage generated in the generation process using solar panels is a direct voltage (DC) and requires an inverter as a voltage converter to be an alternating voltage (AC) which is the daily consumption of Indonesian people. This research aims to develop the use of renewable energy using an inverter. This inverter uses batteries as a source of voltage, Arduino as a source of SPWM waves, and MOSFETs are arranged in a full-bridge configuration to convert 12V DC electricity into 12VAC which will then be filtered using a low-pass filter to pass a 50 Hz frequency and then increase the voltage using a transformer to 220Vmax / 155 Vrms. The result of designing this research is that the inverter is able to produce a sinusoidal wave output 220 Vmax with a frequency of 50 Hz. With the output signal approaching the sinusoidal signal purely from the filter output, the power loss from the use of the transformer causes the power output from the inverter to be not optimal.
P-Wave and S-Wave Estimation for GPS derived seismic signal
Authors: Sha’ameri A Z , Sadiah S , Aris W A Wan , Musa T A
Published: November 2019

The availability of GPS (Global Positioning System) provides an alternative technology to seismography to detect earthquakes and detect their epicenters. However, the limited sampling rate and processing errors could potentially reduce the accuracy for estimating the required signal parameters. This paper evaluates the methods for analysing GPS derived seismic signals from the 2004 Sumatra Andaman Earthquake based on their timerepresentation, power spectrum and time-frequency representation. Between the three representations, the parameters of the earthquake signals such as P-wave and S-wave are clearly represented on the time-frequency representation.
Speed and steering control system for self-driving car prototype
Authors: Rafsanjani  , Wibawa I P D , Ekaputri C
Published: November 2019

A self-driving car is a vehicle that can run autonomously using a control. There are two systems that are controlled in this research. The first-speed control functions to regulate the speed and movement of the self-driving car prototype by adjusting the PWM value on the DC motor and second, the steering control uses the Ackerman steering system with a servo motor as an actuator. Both are arranged using fuzzy logic control methods that adapt from the habits in driving a car. the goal self-driving car prototype can walk to follow the track, maintain the robot car in the middle of the lane, can adjust the speed when turning and can stop when there are obstacles or traffic lights. The results of the control design testing in this study are, the average error value in the simulation is 0.771008 for the servo angle and 0.392072 for the speed. The error value in the programming algorithm is 0.149712 for servo angles and 0.198168 for PWM DC motors. Robot cars in accordance with the logic of the fuzzy rules made. Self-driving car prototypes can run turns and follow trajectories with a success rate of 93.33%. The distance between the robot car and the track is 1.83 cm inside the track and 0.03 cm outside the track. The self-driving car prototype can adjust its speed and can stop when there are obstacles with an average distance of 29.89 cm.
Effect of fermentation on physicochemical properties of fermented cassava flour
Authors: Nainggolan Ellyas Alga , Yudianto David , Sayekti Andita
Published: November 2019

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the most important carbohydrate food source in third place within the tropical regions, after rice and maize. One of the derived products is fermented cassava flour which is processed using cell modification of cassava. The focus of this study was to compare the effect of fermentation using Saccharomyces cereviseae and Rhizopus oryzae in the production of fermented cassava flour. Physicochemical properties of fermented cassava flour using Saccharomyces cereviseae were then determined and compared with the fermented cassava flour using Rhizopus oryzae. The results showed that the fermented cassava flour using Rhizopus oryzae had yield 34.89%, moisture content 8.34%, starch content 49.11% and whiteness 82.49%. The results microstructure analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy showed an alteration in the starch granules of fermented cassava flour using Saccharomyces cereviseae. When compared to the fermented cassava flour using Rhizopus oryzae, it had a lower whiteness than fermented cassava flour using Saccharomyces cereviseae, which was 83.14%. These results indicate that fermentation on cassava within 72 hours could provide a greater extent of modification cassava flour.
Prediction of flood areas using the logistic regression method (case study of the provinces Banten, DKI Jakarta, and West Java)
Authors: Hidayat Jati Muhammad Ikbal , Suroso  , Santoso Purwanto Bekti
Published: November 2019

Disasters that occur in Indonesia continue to increase from year to year. The National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) noted that throughout 2017 there had been 2,862 disasters. Of these, almost 99 percent are hydrometeorological disasters, namely disasters that are affected by weather and surface flow. The details of the disaster include floods (979), tornadoes (886), landslides (848), forest and land fires (96), drought (19), earthquakes (20), tidal waves and abrasions (11), dam volcanic eruptions (3). The western part of Java Island includes three provinces namely West Java Province, DKI Jakarta Province, and Banten Province. Of the three provinces, they are no stranger to hearing floods, especially in the capital city of Jakarta and West Java. Flood problems until now have not been resolved completely even the problem of floods is the tendency to increase both in terms of intensity, frequency, and distribution due to climate change. Based on the above conditions, it is necessary to do a study that can provide information about the main causal factors and predict areas that are likely to experience floods. In achieving these objectives, this study uses a mathematical model of logistic regression analysis and application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) conducted based on the variables that cause flooding, namely rainfall, topography, slope, flow accumulation, land use, and distance to the nearest river. The modelling results obtained an accuracy rate for predicting flood disasters in the study area using logistic regression which was between 85.05% - 94.39%.
Improving drug response prediction by integrating multiple data sources: matrix factorization, kernel and network-based approaches
Authors: Güvenç Paltun Betül , Mamitsuka Hiroshi , Kaski Samuel
Published: November 2019

Predicting the response of cancer cell lines to specific drugs is one of the central problems in personalized medicine, where the cell lines show diverse characteristics. Researchers have developed a variety of computational methods to discover associations between drugs and cell lines, and improved drug sensitivity analyses by integrating heterogeneous biological data. However, choosing informative data sources and methods that can incorporate multiple sources efficiently is the challenging part of successful analysis in personalized medicine. The reason is that finding decisive factors of cancer and developing methods that can overcome the problems of integrating data, such as differences in data structures and data complexities, are difficult. In this review, we summarize recent advances in data integration-based machine learning for drug response prediction, by categorizing methods as matrix factorization-based, kernel-based and network-based methods. We also present a short description of relevant databases used as a benchmark in drug response prediction analyses, followed by providing a brief discussion of challenges faced in integrating and interpreting data from multiple sources. Finally, we address the advantages of combining multiple heterogeneous data sources on drug sensitivity analysis by showing an experimental comparison. Contact:  betul.guvenc@aalto.fi
Diversity of rhodopsins in cultivated bacteria of the family Geodermatophilaceae associated with non-aquatic environments
Authors: Tarlachkov Sergey V , Shevchuk Taras V , Montero-Calasanz Maria del Carmen , Starodumova Irina P
Published: November 2019

Motivation

A small amount of research is focused on investigation of rhodopsins in cultivated bacteria isolated from non-aquatic environments. Furthermore, the abundance of these proteins in strains from hot and arid habitats was not reported previously. Since there is an insignificant amount of such isolates, the enigmatic role of the rhodopsins in dry ecological niches is still poorly understood. The members of the family Geodermatophilaceae could be used as interesting objects to search for new rhodopsin genes that will provide novel insights into versatility and importance of these proteins in non-aquatic conditions.

Results

This is the first report of the abundance of different rhodopsins in cultivated bacteria isolated from hot and arid ecological niches. A total of 31 rhodopsin genes were identified in 51 analyzed genomes of strains belonging to the family Geodermatophilaceae. Overall, 88% of the strains harbouring rhodopsins are isolated from non-aquatic environments. It was found that 82% of strains belonging to the genus Geodermatophilus have at least one gene as compared to 38% of strains of other genera which contain rhodopsins. Analysis of key amino acids revealed two types of the studied proteins: DTE type (putative proton pump) and NDQ type (putative sodium pump). Proton pumps were divided into two subtypes (DTEW and DTEF) according to phylogenetic analysis and the presence of highly conserved tryptophan or phenylalanine at position 182. Among all studied rhodopsins DTEF subtype is the most unique one, identified only in this family.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Placental serotonin signaling, pregnancy outcomes, and regulation of fetal brain development†
Authors: Rosenfeld Cheryl S
Published: November 2019

The placenta is a transient organ but essential for the survival of all mammalian species by allowing for the exchanges of gasses, nutrients, and waste between maternal and fetal placenta. In rodents and humans with a hemochorial placenta, fetal placenta cells are susceptible to pharmaceutical agents and other compounds, as they are bathed directly in maternal blood. The placenta of mice and humans produce high concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) that can induce autocrine and paracrine effects within this organ. Placental 5-HT is the primary source of this neurotransmitter for fetal brain development. Increasing number of pregnant women at risk of depression are being treated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that bind to serotonin transporters (SERT), which prevents 5-HT binding and cellular internalization, allowing for accumulation of extracellular 5-HT available to bind to 5-HT(2A) receptor (5-HT(2A)R). In vitro and in vivo findings with SSRI or pharmacological blockage of the 5-HT(2A)R reveal disruptions of 5-HT signaling within the placenta can affect cell proliferation, division, and invasion. In SERT knockout mice, numerous apoptotic trophoblast cells are observed, as well as extensive pathological changes within the junctional zone. Collective data suggest a fine equilibrium in 5-HT signaling is essential for maintaining normal placental structure and function. Deficiencies in placental 5-HT may also result in neurobehavioral abnormalities. Evidence supporting 5-HT production and signaling within the placenta will be reviewed. We will consider whether placental hyposerotonemia or hyperserotonemia results in similar pathophysiological changes in the placenta and other organs. Lastly, open ended questions and future directions will be explored.
Gonad development and reproductive hormones of invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the Illinois River
Authors: Tucker Emily K , Zurliene Megan E , Suski Cory D , Nowak Romana A
Published: November 2019

Reproduction is a major component of an animal’s life history strategy. Species with plasticity in their reproductive biology are likely to be successful as an invasive species, as they can adapt their reproductive effort during various phases of a biological invasion. Silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix), an invasive cyprinid in North America, display wide variation in reproductive strategies across both their native and introduced ranges, though the specifics of silver carp reproduction in the Illinois River have not been established. We assessed reproductive status using histological and endocrinological methods in silver carp between April and October 2018, with additional histological data from August to October 2017. Here, we show that female silver carp are batch spawners with asynchronous, indeterminate oocyte recruitment, while male silver carp utilize a determinate pattern of spermatogenesis which ceases in the early summer. High plasma testosterone levels in females could be responsible for regulating oocyte development. Our results suggest that silver carp have high spawning activity in the early summer (May–June), but outside of the peak spawning period, female silver carp can maintain spawning-capable status by adjusting rates of gametogenesis and atresia in response to environmental conditions, while males regress their gonads as early as July. The results of this study are compared to reports of silver carp reproduction in other North American rivers as well as in Asia.
Increased uterine artery blood flow in hypoxic murine pregnancy is not sufficient to prevent fetal growth restriction†
Authors: Lane Sydney L , Doyle Alexandrea S , Bales Elise S , Lorca Ramón A , Julian Colleen G , Moore Lorna G
Published: November 2019

Incomplete maternal vascular responses to pregnancy contribute to pregnancy complications including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia. We aimed to characterize maternal vascular dysfunction in a murine model of fetal growth restriction as an approach toward identifying targetable pathways for improving pregnancy outcomes. We utilized a murine model of late-gestation hypoxia-induced IUGR that reduced E18.5 fetal weight by 34%. Contrary to our hypothesis, uterine artery blood flow as measured in vivo by Doppler ultrasound was increased in mice housed under hypobaric hypoxia (385 mmHg; 5500 m) vs normoxia (760 mmHg; 0 m). Using wire myography, uterine arteries isolated from hypoxic mice had similar vasodilator responses to the two activators A769662 and acetylcholine as those from normoxic mice, although the contribution of an increase in nitric oxide production to uterine artery vasodilation was reduced in the hypoxic vs normoxic groups. Vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine and potassium chloride were unaltered by hypoxia. The levels of activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were reduced with hypoxia in both the uterine artery and placenta as measured by western blot and immunohistochemistry. We concluded that the rise in uterine artery blood flow may be compensatory to hypoxia but was not sufficient to prevent fetal growth restriction. Although AMPK signaling was reduced by hypoxia, AMPK was still receptive to pharmacologic activation in the uterine arteries in which it was a potent vasodilator. Thus, AMPK activation may represent a new therapy for pregnancy complications involving reduced uteroplacental perfusion.
Transcript profiling of bovine embryos implicates specific transcription factors in the maternal-to-embryo transition
Authors: Bogliotti Yanina S , Chung Nhi , Paulson Erika E , Chitwood James , Halstead Michelle , Kern Colin , Schultz Richard M , Ross Pablo J
Published: November 2019

Full-grown oocytes are transcriptionally quiescent. Following maturation and fertilization, the early stages of embryonic development occur in the absence (or low levels) of transcription that results in a period of development relying on maternally derived products (e.g., mRNAs and proteins). Two critical steps occur during the transition from maternal to embryo control of development: maternal mRNA clearance and embryonic genome activation with an associated dramatic reprogramming of gene expression required for further development. By combining an RNA polymerase II inhibitor with RNA sequencing, we were able not only to distinguish maternally derived from embryonic transcripts in bovine preimplantation embryos but also to establish that embryonic gene activation is required for clearance of maternal mRNAs as well as to identify putative transcription factors that are likely critical for early bovine development.
Strangers in the Field: An Ethnographic Exploration of Men’s Accounts of Intimate Partner Violence in a Treatment Group
Authors: Sörmark Mira
Published: November 2019

Researchers have investigated violent men’s accounts of intimate partner violence and have, to various extent, emphasised self-presentation, external structures and lived experiences as understandings for these accounts. Through an ethnographic exploration of a treatment group for men who have been violent towards their female partners, I explore how we can understand the accounts of the violence. Similar to previous findings, this study initially lends support to a Goffmanian interpretation of the accounts as ‘remedial work’, highlighting how the members negotiate the moral meaning of offences by transferring culpability for violence to female partners. However, through an extended presence in the studied context, I discovered aspects of the therapeutic conversation which may challenge this interpretation. I use Bourdieu’s concept of the habitus and analyse the accounts as a product of embodied dispositions. As such, the accounts do not harmonise with the structures of the late modern field of gender relations, dominated by ideals of equal intimate relations. I interpret the accounts as habitual and restricted. Finally, I argue that different understandings of the accounts give rise to different treatment options for social work and that factors such as lived experiences may contribute insights into why men use violence towards female partners.
Development of inflorescences and flowers in Fabaceae subfamily Dialioideae: an evolutionary overview and complete ontogenetic series for Apuleia and Martiodendron
Authors: Falcão Marcus J A , Paulino Juliana V , Kochanovski Fábio J , Figueiredo Rogério C , Basso-Alves João P , Mansano Vidal F
Published: November 2019

The goal of this study was to better understand the origin and development of flowers and inflorescences in the newly established subfamily Dialioideae, an unusual and morphologically variable clade of Fabaceae due to its varied levels of floral reduction. We present here the complete ontogenetic series for two species characterizing different levels of floral reduction: Apuleia leiocarpa, an andromonoecious species with trimerous flowers; and Martiodendron fluminense, a species lacking the inner whorl of stamens. We also performed a literature review and herbarium specimen survey of the inflorescence and floral morphology of the other 15 genera in Dialioideae. Among the exclusive traits of Apuleia found here are the absence of two sepals and petals from initiation, the simultaneous initiation of the sepals (never before documented for Dialioideae), the absence of carpel initiation in staminate flowers and the formation of the carpel in the staminal whorl of monoclinous flowers, with the presence of a nectariferous hypanthium in both flower types. In Martiodendron the two exclusive traits are the heteromorphic development of stamens of the outer whorl, with the abaxial one being the last to elongate, and the possible initiation of an inner staminal whorl, which stops developing immediately thereafter and is no longer visible at anthesis. Among the potential synapomorphies for the subfamily are the absence of bracteoles and a pair of bracts subtending a triad of flowers or inflorescence axes, the distichous anthotaxy of the thyrsoid inflorescences, the bidirectional initiation of the sepals and the simultaneous initiation of the stamens.
Strong genetic structure in Dyckia excelsa (Bromeliaceae), an endangered species found on ironstone outcrops in Pantanal, Brazil
Authors: Ruas Renata De Barros , Paggi Gecele Matos , Aguiar-Melo Camila , Hirsch Luiza Domingues , Bered Fernanda
Published: November 2019

The plant communities associated with iron-rich outcrops are still little known about to their genetic structure and diversity. Outcrops are often considered to be ‘terrestrial islands’, and gene ﬂow among populations on different outcrops is presumed to be hampered by the isolation effect provided by the surrounding matrix. Here, we studied the genetic diversity and structure of populations of Dyckia excelsa to test the hypothesis that the disjunction of the ironstone outcrops where this species occurs promotes its highly structured genetic variability. Seven nuclear microsatellite markers and two plastid DNA intergenic spacers (rps16-trnK and rpl32-trnL) were used to characterize individuals from seven locations in the region of Urucum Residual Plateau, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. These markers low haplotype and allelic diversity and high levels of genetic divergence among outcrops, indicating prolonged genetic isolation, with diversification of haplotypes dating from the Pleistocene (1.0 Mya). Pollen movement may occur between neighbouring populations, resulting in a pattern of isolation-by-distance. For conservation purposes, it is recommended that D. excelsa be preserved in situ in each specific location given the low levels of gene ﬂow and the high degree of genetic uniqueness in each group of populations investigated.
Grrrl Revlonution: Cosmetics, Ugly Beauty, and Grrrling Women in Emma Forrest’s Cherries in the Snow and Thin Skin
Authors: Sormus Megan
Published: November 2019

Thin Skin (2002) and Cherries in the Snow (2005) are coming-of-age novels set in reverse. This is to be expected when considered in conjunction with the “needy and attention seeking” narratives so typical of Emma Forrest’s oeuvre (Forrest, Thin Skin 123). Alighting on a deliberate confusion of girlhood and womanhood, both novels anticipate a contemporary (and postfeminist) rhetoric that, as Stephanie Harzewski identifies, is “uncomfortable with female adulthood itself, casting all women as girls to some extent” (9). As Forrest’s protagonists all carry an unease about being grown-up, despite the fact that they are grown-up, her work makes a timely intervention that both celebrates (and problematizes) the postfeminist trend and cultural phenomenon of girling women in the twenty-first century. Thin Skin, even down to its title, alludes to the simultaneous and often volatile encounters of girlish and grown-up, ugly and beautiful feminine identities through its twenty-something failed actress and self-proclaimed fucked-up girl, Ruby. In Cherries in the Snow, grown women are resold their former grrrlishness through the ugly makeup central to the fictional cosmetic company, Grrrl Cosmetics. In both novels, the girl/grrrl is instrumentalized by Forrest to tinker with established structures of feminine identity. I examine the extent to which the grrrling of women is politically, socially, or culturally progressive: does it really change anything or suggest a pathway to change? Or is it evidence not of resistance or rebellion but of a predictable tinkering with interpretations of femininity that have gained traction in contemporary consumer culture.
INTEGRATING SOCIAL NEEDS CARE INTO THE DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE TO IMPROVE THE NATION’S HEALTH FOR OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Cadet Tamara J , Golden Robyn , Warren-Clem Keegan
Published: November 2019

An ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examined the potential for integrating services addressing social needs and the social determinants of health into the delivery of health care to achieve better health outcomes and to address major challenges facing the U.S. health care system. These challenges, include persisting disparities in health outcomes among vulnerable subpopulations, often defined by a number of factors including age. Presenters will discuss and provide recommendations in the following areas: 1. evidence of impact of social needs care on patient and caregiver/family health and wellbeing, patient activation, health care utilization, cost savings, and patient and provider satisfaction; 2. opportunities and barriers to expanding historical roles and leadership of social workers in providing health-related social needs care and evidence-based care models that incorporate social workers and/or other social needs care providers in interprofessional care teams across the care continuum (e.g., acute, ambulatory, community-based, long-term care, hospice care, public health, care planning) and in delivery system reform efforts (e.g., enhancing prevention and functional status, care management, and transitional care; improving end-of-life care; integration of behavioral, mental, and physical health services); and 3. realized and potential contributions of social needs care to make health care delivery systems more community based, person- and family/caregiver-centered, and responsive to social and structural determinants of health, particularly for vulnerable populations and communities, such as older adults and low-income families. Examples for each of the three areas will also be presented.
TERMINOLOGY USED BY EMPLOYERS AND JOB SEEKERS FOR AGING-RELATED POSITIONS
Authors: Clark-Shirley Leanne J , Newsham Tina Kruger , Guest M A
Published: November 2019

Our aging society calls for a workforce capable of meeting older adults’ diverse needs. Yet the extent that employers seek out a workforce with aging-related training or education is unclear, as is how people with such backgrounds search for positions. We describe an exploratory content analysis of job postings to understand how employers are searching for applicants with aging-related backgrounds, and compare job posting keywords to terms used by a sample of aging-trained job seekers/employees. Results showed 35% of aging-related job postings used keywords expressing preference for applicants with aging-related backgrounds; the most commonly-occurring terms were “gerontology,” “Assisted living” + “adult day” + “director” + “nursing home administrator,” and “elderly.” Job seekers also cited “gerontology” as a term used to search for positions, along with “aging,” “older adults” and “seniors”. Findings suggest that employers should use more positively-connoted terms to attract applicants with aging-related backgrounds, rather than terms like “elderly.”
CORRELATES OF FAMILY CAREGIVING FOR OLDER ADULTS AND EMOTIONAL STRAIN AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS
Authors: Wang Fei , Nguyen Ann W
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Despite the growing older African American population and its increasing needs for informal care, few caregiving studies have focused specifically on African Americans. This study aims to 1) identify demographic correlates of caregiving for older family members among African Americans and 2) identify caregiving and demographic correlates of emotional strain among African American caregivers. Method: Logistic regression and linear regression were based on the African American sub-sample of the 2015 Caregiving in the U.S. Survey (N=260). Demographic characteristics included age, gender, education, income, marital status, co-residence of care recipient in the caregiver’s home, relationship of care recipients to caregivers, and household size. Caregiving characteristics included hours of caregiving and whether respondents provide care for an older adult. Results: With respect to demographic correlates of family caregiving, older respondents were more likely to provide care for an older family member, and respondents were more likely to provide care to a parent/parent-in-law than to other relatives. Regarding emotional strain, age and household size were negatively associated with emotional strain, and hours of caregiving was positively associated with emotional strain. Discussion: This study identified demographic profiles of family caregiving and emotional strain. It also suggested the presence of unique risk and protective factors among older African American caregivers. Future research should test the underlying mechanisms between these factors and mental health outcomes for a better understanding of how caregiving strain can be attenuated.
BIRTHWEIGHT, LIFETIME OBESITY, AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING IN MID-ADULTHOOD: A NATIONWIDE BIRTH COHORT STUDY
Authors: Rogers Nina
Published: November 2019

Evidence is scant on long-term implications of body mass index (BMI) gains over the life-course for poor physical functioning (PF). Using the 1958 British birth cohort (N=8,674) we examine whether i) birthweight and BMI across the life-course; ii) BMI gains at specific life-stages; and iii) age of obesity onset, were associated with PF at 50y. At each adult age, obesity was associated with poor PF (e.g. for males at 23y adjusted-ORs for poor PF was 2.28(1.34,3.91)). BMI gains were associated with poor PF (e.g. for females, adjusted-OR per SD BMI gain 16-23y was 1.28(1.13,1.46)). Longer obesity duration was associated with poor PF (e.g. for males, adjusted-OR was 2.32(1.26,4.29) for childhood obesity onset, and 1.50(1.16,1.96) for mid-adulthood onset); associations were abolished with further adjustment for 50y BMI. Obesity, BMI gains, and earlier obesity onset were associated with poor PF in mid-adulthood reinforcing the importance of preventing obesity early in the lifecourse.
VALIDATION AND CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF A SLEEP HEALTH SCALE IN LATE LIFE
Authors: Ravyts Scott , Dzierzewski Joseph , Perez Elliottnell , Donovan Emily
Published: November 2019

Sleep health is a multidimensional construct of sleep and wakefulness which can be conceptualized as the opposite of sleep dysfunction. Assessing sleep health is particularly relevant among older adults who disproportionally experience sleep-related adverse outcomes. Yet, empirically-validated sleep health scales are lacking. The objectives of the present study were to assess the psychometric properties of a newly designed measure of sleep health (RU-SATED) among older adults and examine the association between sleep health and well-being in late-life. Data included 773 older adults (M=67.68, 52% female) who completed an online survey of their sleep and health. Respondents completed the six-item RU-SATED scale, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Sleep health scores ranged from 1 to 12, (M=8.13, SD=2.68), with higher scores indicating better sleep health. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a one-factor model was associated with model fit indices in the adequate range. Additionally, a hierarchical linear regression indicated that sleep health was positively associated with life satisfaction (β=.25, p<.001) and accounted for significant variance in life satisfaction above and beyond insomnia severity (∆R2=.04, p<.001). In conclusion, RU-SATED appears to be a valid measure of sleep health among older adults with potentially useful clinical applications. Future research would benefit from examining the association between sleep health and other relevant health outcomes, as well as assessing the prospective ability of sleep health to predict relevant outcomes above and beyond traditional measures of sleep quality or insomnia.
HARNESSING THE POWER OF NETWORKS: PARTNERSHIPS TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS
Authors: Young Heather
Published: November 2019

This paper will address social and professional networks that support family caregivers who are providing care to older adults. Family caregiving is commonly a long-term commitment that can include functional, health care, social, financial and emotional support. This role can have a major impact on the health, well-being and economic security of the family caregiver, particularly for those who are socially isolated. This paper will highlight the nature of caregiving demands on individuals and families, particularly those providing intense and complex care, with a focus on cultural diversity. Health care professionals encounter family caregivers during routine care and at times of crisis and have an opportunity to enhance support and preparation. This paper will discuss effective community-level and health system partnerships and strategies that promote health and well-being for family caregivers, examine the potential for scaling these approaches, and suggest priorities for education, practice and future research.
PEAK 2.0: OPERATIONALIZING PERSON-CENTERED CARE AIDS NURSING HOMES IMPLEMENT AND SUSTAIN PRACTICES
Authors: Cornelison Laci , Doll Gayle , Syme Maggie , Kaup Migette
Published: November 2019

Pay-for-performance programs to incentivize quality are on the rise nationally (Werner, Konetzka, & Polsky, 2013 & Arling, Job, & Cooke, 2009). Kansas initiated a Medicaid P4P program to incentivize person-centered care (PCC) beginning in 2012 called PEAK 2.0. This program created an operationalized definition of PCC through stakeholder collaboration and research outcomes (Harris, Poulsen, & Vlangas, 2006). Homes enrolled in the program undergo both self-evaluation and objective external evaluation based on the operationalized definition. These key features inherent in the PEAK 2.0 program make up has aided homes to implement PCC as well as, the ability to research homes that have implemented PCC in a new a different way than ever before.
AGE FRIENDLINESS OF COMMUNITIES CONTRIBUTES TO QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Seguin Charles , Mullen Nadia , Stinchcombe Arne , Marshall Shawn , Naglie Gary , Rapoport Mark , Weaver Bruce , Bédard Michel
Published: November 2019

The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasized the importance of age-friendly communities in supporting quality of life for older adults. We aimed to determine the contribution of the age-friendliness of communities to quality of life in a sample of healthy older adults. We used data collected through a longitudinal study on drivers and ex-drivers. We used the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF; WHOQOL Group, 1998) to measure physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. We used the Age-Friendly Survey (AFS; Menec & Nowicki, 2014) to measure 9 domains of participants’ perceptions of community age-friendliness. We estimated 4 multivariable linear regression models. The dependent variables were the 4 domains of the WHOQOL-BREF. Each model had AFS as the focal independent variable and participants’ age, gender, health status, and depression symptoms as control variables. Data from 171 participants were available; mean age was 83.2 years (SD=4.1), 61% were women. Most participants reported a good health status and few depression symptoms. The models explained between 18 and 27% of the variance in WHOQOL scores; community age-friendliness was a statistically significant variable in all models, accounting for 2-3% of the variance. The identification of factors that contribute to quality of life will serve as the foundation upon which policies and interventions to promote successful and healthy aging can be developed. Future work will require consideration of the specific aspects of communities that may affect quality of life the most and that have the most potential for modification.