bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black and white Australia, 1770-1970. A History of Dispossession
Authors: Appetiti Emanuela
Published: October 2010

El propósito de este artículo es estudiar el contacto/impacto que tuvo lugar en Australia entre aborígenes y europeos, generado por la llegada de la Primera Flota Británica en 1770 y la posterior colonización europea de esas tierras. El trabajo se centra en las actitudes cambiantes de los Australianos blancos con respecto a los aborígenes, que pasaron desde la violencia inicial al principio de la colonización, al paternalismo y sentimientos protectores que caracterizaron los primeros años del siglo XX. Finalmente se analiza la política de asimilación e integración forzosa asumida en el período que se extiende entre las décadas del 40 y el 70 de este siglo.
Impact of a Booklet about Diabetes Genetic Susceptibility and Its Prevention on Attitudes towards Prevention and Perceived Behavioral Change in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Their Offspring
Authors: Nishigaki Masakazu , Sato Eiko , Ochiai Ryota , Shibayama Taiga , Kazuma Keiko
Published: October 2010

Background. Offspring of type 2 diabetic patients are at a high risk of type 2 diabetes. Information on diabetes genetic susceptibility and prevention should be supplied to the offspring.Methods. A six-page booklet on diabetes genetic susceptibility and prevention was distributed to 173 patients who ere ordered to hand it to their offspring. The patients answered a self-administered questionnaire on booklet delivery and attitudinal and behavioral changes toward diabetes and its prevention in themselves and their offspring.Results. Valid responses were obtained from 130 patients. Forty-nine patients had actually handed the booklet. Booklet induces more relief than anxiety. From the patient's view, favorable attitudinal and/or behavioral changes occurred in more than half of the offspring who were delivered the booklet.Conclusion. The booklet worked effectively on attitudes and behaviors toward diabetes and its prevention both in patients and their offspring. However, the effectiveness of patients as information deliverers was limited.
Hydromorphological analysis and water balance modelling of ombro- and mesotrophic peatlands
Authors: Edom F. , Münch A. , Dittrich I. , Keßler K. , Peters R.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. The hydromorphological analysis (HMA) is a method to quantify the potentials of mire revitalisation. In this study, the HMA is combined with the new peatland-tool of the water balance model AKWA-M®. This peatland-tool includes as well depth functions of the hydraulic conductivity and drainable porosity for several mire-ecotope-types as specific equations for mire evapotranspiration. The calculations were applied in several peatlands and mires of the German-Czech Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge/Krušné hory). The simulation results show that the chosen depth functions are valuable for the water balance calculation of mire ecotopes with a fully developed akrotelm like ombro- and mesotrophic peatlands. For degenerated peat soil or regenerating mires it is necessary to improve the model and the parameter calibration, especially the depth functions, with additional measured data in different peatlands.
CRISTA-NF measurements during the AMMA-SCOUT-O3 aircraft campaign
Authors: Weigel K. , Riese M. , Hoffmann L. , Hoefer S. , Kalicinsky C. , Knieling P. , Olschewski F. , Preusse P. , Spang R. , Stroh F. , Volk C. M.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere – New Frontiers (CRISTA-NF) instrument participated in the AMMA-SCOUT-O3 measurement campaign in July and August 2006. The instrument is mounted on the high-flying Russian research aircraft M55-Geophysica and measures limb-emissions in the mid-infrared region in the tangent altitude range of about 6 to 21 km. We present a new retrieval setup which is based on 9 integrated spectral windows allowing to retrieve an extended set of trace gases and temperature fields with high vertical resolution (up to 500 m). Retrieval results are shown for temperature, water vapor (H2O), ozone (O3), nitric acid (HNO3), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and aerosol extinction. Comparisons of temperature, O3, and H2O observations with corresponding in situ measurements on-board M55-Geophysica show reasonable agreement. In particular, CRISTA-NF observations in the vicinity of the aircraft resemble horizontal variations found in the in situ measurements better than corresponding ECMWF fields.
The enigmatic ichnofossil Tisoa siphonalis and widespread authigenic seep carbonate formation during the Late Pliensbachian in southern France
Authors: van de Schootbrugge B. , Harazim D. , Sorichter K. , Oschmann W. , Fiebig J. , Püttmann W. , Peinl M. , Zanella F. , Teichert B. M. A. , Hoffmann J. , Stadnitskaia A. , Rosenthal Y.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Tubular carbonate concretions of up to 1 m in length and perpendicular to bedding, occur abundantly in the Upper Pliensbachian (upper Amaltheus margaritatus Zone, Gibbosus Subzone) in outcrops (Fontaneilles section) in the vicinity of Rivière-sûr-Tarn, southern France. Stable isotope analyses of these concretions show negative δ13C values that decrease from the rim to the center from −18.8‰ to −25.7‰ (V-PDB), but normal marine δ18O values (−1.8‰). Carbon isotope analyses of Late Pliensbachian bulk carbonate (matrix) samples from the Fontaneilles section show clearly decreasing C-isotope values across the A. margaritatus Zone, from +1‰ to −3‰ (V-PDB). Isotope analyses of coeval belemnite rostra do not document such a negative C-isotope trend with values remaining stable around +2‰ (V-PDB). Computer tomographic (CT) scanning of the tubular concretions show multiple canals that are lined or filled entirely with pyrite. Previously, the formation of these concretions with one, two, or more central tubes, has been ascribed to the activity of an enigmatic organism, possibly with annelid or arthropod affinities, known asTisoa siphonalis. Our results suggest tisoan structures are abiogenic. Based on our geochemical analyses and sedimentological observations we suggest that these concretions formed as a combination of the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and sulfate reduction within the sediment. Fluids rich in methane and/or hydrocarbons likely altered local bulk rock carbon isotope records, but did not affect the global carbon cycle. Interestingly, Tisoa siphonalis has been described from many locations in the Grands Causses Basin in southern France, and from northern France and Luxemburg, always occurring at the same stratigraphic level. Upper Pliensbachian authigenic carbonates thus possibly cover an area of many thousand square kilometers. Greatly reduced sedimentation rates are needed to explain the stabilization of the sulfate-methane transition zone in the sedimentary column in order for the tubular concretions to form. Late Pliensbachian cooling, reducing run-off, and/or the influx of colder water and more vigorous circulation could be responsible for a halt in sedimentation. At the same time (thermogenic) methane may have destabilized during a major phase of Late Pliensbachian sea level fall. As such Tisoa siphonalis is more than a geological curiosity, and its further study could prove pivotal in understanding Early Jurassic paleoenvironmental change.
Carbon monoxide apparent quantum yields and photoproduction in the estuary Tyne
Authors: Stubbins A. , Law C. S. , Uher G. , Upstill-Goddard R. C.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) apparent quantum yields (AQYs) are reported for a suite of riverine, estuarine and sea water samples, spanning a range of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) sources, diagenetic histories, and concentrations (absorption coefficients). CO AQYs were highest for high CDOM riverine samples and almost an order of magnitude lower for low CDOM coastal seawater samples. A conservative mixing model predicted only 4% decreases in CO AQYs between the head and mouth of the estuary, whereas measured reductions in CO AQYs were between 47 and 80%, indicating that a highly photoreactive pool of terrestrial CDOM is lost during estuarine transit. The CDOM absorption coefficient (a) at 412 nm was identified as a good proxy for CO AQYs (linear regression r>20.8; n=12) at all CO AQY wavelengths studied (285, 295, 305, 325, 345, 365, and 423 nm) and across environments (high CDOM river, low CDOM river, estuary and coastal sea). These regressions are presented as empirical proxies suitable for the remote sensing of CO AQYs in natural waters, including open ocean water and were used to estimate CO AQY spectra and CO photoproduction in the Tyne estuary based upon annually averaged estuarine CDOM absorption data. Annual CO photoproduction in the Tyne was estimated to be between 1.38 and 3.57 metric tons of carbon per year, or 0.005 to 0.014% of riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) inputs to the estuary. Extrapolation of CO photoproduction rates to estimate total DOC photomineralisation indicate that less than 1% of DOC inputs are removed via photochemical processes during transit through the Tyne estuary.
Description and evaluation of GLOMAP-mode: a modal global aerosol microphysics model for the UKCA composition-climate model
Authors: Mann G. W. , Carslaw K. S. , Spracklen D. V. , Ridley D. A. , Manktelow P. T. , Chipperfield M. P. , Pickering S. J. , Johnson C. E.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. A new version of the Global Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP) is described, which uses a two-moment pseudo-modal aerosol dynamics approach rather than the original two-moment bin scheme. GLOMAP-mode simulates the multi-component global aerosol, resolving sulfate, sea-salt, dust, black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM), the latter including primary and biogenic secondary POM. Aerosol processes are simulated in a size-resolved manner including primary emissions, secondary particle formation by binary homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid and water, particle growth by coagulation, condensation and cloud-processing and removal by dry deposition, in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging. A series of benchmark observational datasets are assembled against which the skill of the model is assessed in terms of normalised mean bias (b) and correlation coefficient (R). Overall, the model performs well against the datasets in simulating concentrations of aerosol precursor gases, chemically speciated particle mass, condensation nuclei (CN) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Surface sulfate, sea-salt and dust mass concentrations are all captured well, while BC and POM are biased low (but correlate well). Surface CN concentrations compare reasonably well in free troposphere and marine sites, but are underestimated at continental and coastal sites related to underestimation of either primary particle emissions or new particle formation. The model compares well against a compilation of CCN observations covering a range of environments and against vertical profiles of size-resolved particle concentrations over Europe. The simulated global burden, lifetime and wet removal of each of the simulated aerosol components is also examined and each lies close to multi-model medians from the AEROCOM model intercomparison exercise.
A stochastic Forest Fire Model for future land cover scenarios assessment
Authors: D'Andrea M. , Fiorucci P. , Holmes T. P.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Land cover is affected by many factors including economic development, climate and natural disturbances such as wildfires. The ability to evaluate how fire regimes may alter future vegetation, and how future vegetation may alter fire regimes, would assist forest managers in planning management actions to be carried out in the face of anticipated socio-economic and climatic change. In this paper, we present a method for calibrating a cellular automata wildfire regime simulation model with actual data on land cover and wildfire size-frequency. The method is based on the observation that many forest fire regimes, in different forest types and regions, exhibit power law frequency-area distributions. The standard Drossel-Schwabl cellular automata Forest Fire Model (DS-FFM) produces simulations which reproduce this observed pattern. However, the standard model is simplistic in that it considers land cover to be binary – each cell either contains a tree or it is empty – and the model overestimates the frequency of large fires relative to actual landscapes. Our new model, the Modified Forest Fire Model (MFFM), addresses this limitation by incorporating information on actual land use and differentiating among various types of flammable vegetation. The MFFM simulation model was tested on forest types with Mediterranean and sub-tropical fire regimes. The results showed that the MFFM was able to reproduce structural fire regime parameters for these two regions. Further, the model was used to forecast future land cover. Future research will extend this model to refine the forecasts of future land cover and fire regime scenarios under climate, land use and socio-economic change.
A simple conceptual model to interpret the 100 000 years dynamics of paleo-climate records
Authors: Quiroga Lombard C. S. , Balenzuela P. , Braun H. , Chialvo D. R.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Spectral analyses performed on records of cosmogenic nuclides reveal a group of dominant spectral components during the Holocene period. Only a few of them are related to known solar cycles, i.e., the De Vries/Suess, Gleissberg and Hallstatt cycles. The origin of the others remains uncertain. On the other hand, time series of North Atlantic atmospheric/sea surface temperatures during the last ice age display the existence of repeated large-scale warming events, called Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events, spaced around multiples of 1470 years. The De Vries/Suess and Gleissberg cycles with periods close to 1470/7 (~210) and 1470/17 (~86.5) years have been proposed to explain these observations. In this work we found that a conceptual bistable model forced with the De Vries/Suess and Gleissberg cycles plus noise displays a group of dominant frequencies similar to those obtained in the Fourier spectra from paleo-climate during the Holocene. Moreover, we show that simply changing the noise amplitude in the model we obtain similar power spectra to those corresponding to GISP2 δ18O (Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2) during the last ice age. These results give a general dynamical framework which allows us to interpret the main characteristic of paleoclimate records from the last 100 000 years.
A Toolkit to Assess Medical Reserve Corps Units' Performance
Authors: Savoia Elena , Massin-Short Sarah , Higdon Melissa Ann , Tallon Lindsay , Matechi Emmanuel , Stoto Michael A.
Published: October 2010

Objectives: The Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) is a national network of community-based units created to promote the local identification, recruitment, training, and activation of volunteers to assist local health departments in public health activities. This study aimed to develop a toolkit for MRC coordinators to assess and monitor volunteer units' performance and identify barriers limiting volunteerism.

Methods: In 2008 and 2009, MRC volunteers asked to participate in influenza clinics were surveyed in 7 different locations throughout the United States. Two survey instruments were used to assess the performance of the volunteers who were able to participate, the specific barriers that prevented some volunteers from participating, and the overall attitudes of those who participated and those who did not. Validity and reliability of the instruments were assessed through the use of factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha.

Results: Two survey instruments were developed: the Volunteer Self-Assessment Questionnaire and the Barriers to Volunteering Questionnaire. Data were collected from a total of 1059 subjects, 758 participated in the influenza clinics and 301 were unable to attend. Data from the 2 instruments were determined to be suitable for factor analysis. Factor solutions and inter-item correlations supported the hypothesized domain structure for both survey questionnaires. Results on volunteers' performance were consistent with observations of both local health departments' staff and external observers.

Conclusions: The survey instruments developed for this study appear to be valid and reliable means to assess the performance and attitudes of MRC volunteers and barriers to their participation. This study found these instruments to have face and content validity and practicality. MRC coordinators can use these questionnaires to monitor their ability to engage volunteers in public health activities.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:213-219)
Comparison of Tantalum and Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium for Applications in Load Bearing Implants
Authors: Roy Mangal , Balla Vamsi Krishna , Bose Susmita , Bandyopadhyay Amit
Published: October 2010

Over the years hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have been used to improve biologic properties of Ti‐based load bearing metal implants. However, applicability of HA coated implants is subjected to physical stability of the HA phase and mechanical integrity of the coating‐substrate interface. In this study, we have compared the microstructure and in vitro cell–materials interactions of newly developed laser deposited Ta coatings and radio frequency (RF) induction plasma sprayed HA coatings on Ti substrate. In vitro biocompatibility study, using human osteoblast cell line hFOB, showed equally excellent cellular adherence and growth on Ta and HA coatings. Quantitative assay of cell survivability on these coatings showed that the Ta coatings provide comparable initial cell attachment to that of HA coatings. Microstructural analysis of the coatings showed strong metallurgical bonding without sharp interface between the Ta coating and the Ti substrate, while the interface between HA coating and the Ti substrate was sharp. The interface microstructural features and in vitro cell–materials interactions of Ta coatings on Ti clearly demonstrate their potential to replace HA based coatings for enhanced/early biologic fixation. Other significant benefits of these dense Ta coatings include high toughness, strong bonding with the substrate, and long‐term stability of the interface.
Unbalanced 3;22 translocation with 22q11 and 3p deletion syndrome
Authors: Dundar Munis , Kiraz Aslihan , Tasdemir Sener , Akalin Hilal , Kurtoglu Selim , Hafo Filiz , Cine Naci , Savli Hakan
Published: October 2010

This report describes a 25‐day‐old Turkish boy with unbalanced 3;22 translocation that includes the 22q11.2 deletion and 3p25 deletion syndrome. The karyotype was 45, XY,der(3)t(3;22)(p25;q11),‐22. Although no immunological dysfunction could be demonstrated, the boy presented some manifestations of DiGeorge anomaly (DGA), which has been associated with monosomy for the same region of chromosome 22, velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), and the 3p deletion syndrome. Clinical features include short stature, hypertelorism, low set ears, cleft lip with cleft palate, short neck, truncus arteriosus, micropenis, clubfoot, over riding toes on right foot, four digits on left foot and growth delay. In addition he had feeding difficulties, respiratory infections, and developmental delay. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies confirmed loss of the proximal DiGeorge chromosomal region (DGCR). Array CGH analysis showed the deletion sites on chromosomes 3 and 22. This report documents a rare chromosomal aberration that causes the 22q11 and 3p deletion syndrome simultaneously. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functionalization of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) films via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization: Comparison with the conventional free‐radical grafting procedure
Authors: Lao Hoi‐Kuan , Renard Estelle , Fagui Amani El , Langlois Valérie , Vallée‐Rehel Karine , Linossier Isabelle
Published: October 2010

We modified hydrophobic poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) films with hydrophilic chains to control their surface properties. We designed and investigated surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) to modify the PHBHV films by grafting poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) from the surface. This method consisted of two steps. In the first step, amino functions were formed on the surface by aminolysis; this was followed by the immobilization of an atom transfer radical polymerization initiator, 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. In the second step, the PHEMA chains were grafted to the substrate by a polymerization process initiated by the surface‐bound initiator. The SI‐ATRP technique was expected to favor a polymerization process with a controlled manner. The experimental results demonstrate that the grafting density was controlled by the reaction conditions in the first step. The grafted films were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle testing, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The results show that grafted chains under the SI‐ATRP method were preferentially located on the surface for surface grafting and in the bulk for conventional free‐radical polymerization initiated by benzoyl peroxide. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Application of lime kiln dust as a filler in the natural rubber industry
Authors: Arayapranee Wanvimon , Rempel Garry L.
Published: October 2010

Lime kiln dust (LKD) obtained from kraft chemical recovery systems by conversion of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) back into calcium oxide (CaO) for reuse in the causticizing process, is mainly composed of CaCO3. A two‐stage conventional mixing procedure was used to incorporate LKD into natural rubber (NR). For comparison purposes, four commercial fillers, stearic acid coated CaCO3, ground CaCO3, silica, and carbon black, were also used. The effect of these fillers on the curing characteristics and mechanical properties of NR materials at various loadings ranging from 0 to 60 phr were studied. The results indicate that the use of LKD filler resulted in a lower Mooney viscosity and shorter curing time in the NR materials. The incorporation of LKD into NR improved the Young's modulus and hardness but decreased the tensile strength and tear strength. However, LKD was better in processability than the commercial fillers. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the morphology of the rubbers filled with reinforcing fillers, such as silica and carbon black, was finer and more homogeneous compared to the those of the rubbers filled with LKD and commercial CaCO3. The dispersion of LKD and commercial CaCO3 fillers in the rubber matrix was discontinuous, which in turn, generated a weak structure compared with the reinforcing fillers. According to these observations, LKD could be used as a cheaper filler for NR materials where improved mechanical properties are not critical. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Messtechnische Analyse flachgeneigter hölzerner Dachkonstruktionen mit Sparrenvolldämmung — Teil 3: Hinterlüftete und nicht hinterlüftete Metalldächer
Authors: Nusser Bernd , Teibinger Martin , Bednar Thomas
Published: October 2010

Im dritten und abschließenden Teil dieser Aufsatzreihe werden die Messdaten aus hinterlüfteten und nicht hinterlüfteten flachgeneigten Metalldächern diskutiert. Diese wurden im Freilandversuch über 17 Monate unter besonnten und Vollzeit beschatteten Randbedingungen untersucht. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass bei besonnten Bedingungen in beiden Dachaufbauten die innenseitige Dampfbremsbahn durch eine OSB ersetzt werden kann, ohne dass sich kritische Klimabedingungen oder erhöhte Materialfeuchten im Gefach einstellen. Die verwendete Gleitbügelblecheindeckung beim nicht hinterlüfteten Dach ermöglicht einen diffusionsoffenen Aufbau. Das hinterlüftete Metalldach zeigt trotz geringen Luftvolumenstroms in der Hinterlüftungsebene das günstigste hygrische Verhalten aller untersuchten Dachauf bauten.

Measuring investigations of the hygrothermal behaviour of timber flat roofs — Part 3: Ventilated and non‐ventilated metal roofs. In the third and last part of this article serial the measuring values of ventilated and non‐ventilated metal roofs are discussed. The roofs were investigated at a full scale test under sun‐exposed and full‐time shaded conditions. It was shown that at sun‐exposed conditions the vapour retarder membrane in both metal sheeted roofs can be replaced by an OSB without critical climate or increased moisture content in the cavity. The used metal sheeting at the non‐ventilated roofs enables a water vapour permeable construction. The ventilated metal roof showed in spite of the little airflow in the ventilation layer the best hygrical behavior of all investigated roofs.
Kohlenstoffpumpen im Ozean steuern das Klima. Globale Erwärmung
Authors: Bathmann Ulrich , Passow Uta
Published: October 2010

Dieser Artikel thematisiert, wie mikroskopisch kleine Meeresalgen und ‐tiere das Klima beeinflussen und wie die ansteigende Konzentration des klimarelevanten Gases Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) den Säuregrad (pH) und das Carbonatsystem des Meerwassers verändert. Drei Transportprozesse verfrachten Kohlenstoff aus den Oberflächenschichten der Ozeane in deren Tiefen: Die Löslichkeitspumpe transportiert anorganischen, gelösten Kohlenstoff. Die Biologische Pumpe befördert Kohlenstoff in seinen partikulären, organischen Verbindungen. Die Carbonat‐Gegenpumpe beschreibt die Bildung und das Absinken von Kalkschalen, wobei es zu einer Erhöhung der CO2‐Konzentration in den Oberflächenschichten des Ozeanes kommt. Auf geologischen Zeitskalen hat die erhöhte Eisenzufuhr während der Eiszeiten zu einer Kräftigung der Biologischen Pumpe und demzufolge zu einer weiteren Abkühlung des Klimas geführt. Daher wird seit über 20 Jahren diskutiert, ob sich durch künstliche Düngung mit Eisen die Produktivität und damit die Aufnahmefähigkeit des Ozeans für Kohlenstoff erhöhen lässt.
Einfacher experimentieren
Authors: Nellen Wolfgang
Published: October 2010

Der gemeinnützige Verein Science Bridge aus dem Umfeld der Universität Kassel hat zusammen mit der Firma Febikon begonnen, einfache Geräte‐ und Versuchskits zu entwickeln, die in der Schule schnell, problemlos und preisgünstig eingesetzt werden können.
Role of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen in distinguishing between benign and invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Fritz S , Hackert T , Hinz U , Hartwig W , Büchler M W , Werner J
Published: October 2010

Background

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas has malignant potential. Although serum levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are known to be raised in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, little has been reported about their significance in IPMN.

Methods

Preoperative CA19-9 and CEA levels were measured in consecutive patients undergoing surgical resection for IPMN. Results were correlated with histopathological and clinical features.

Results

In 142 patients, raised CEA and CA19-9 serum levels were significantly associated with invasiveness in both branch-duct and main-duct/mixed-type IPMN. Some 74 per cent of patients with an invasive IPMN had raised levels of CA19-9, compared with only 14 per cent who had non-invasive tumours. With a cut-off level of 37 units/ml, CA19-9 had a specificity of 85·9 per cent, a negative predictive value of 85·9 per cent, a positive predictive value of 74·0 per cent and accuracy of 81·7 per cent. Overall, 80 per cent of patients with an invasive IPMN had raised serum levels of CA19-9 and/or CEA compared with only 18 per cent of those with a non-invasive tumour (P < 0·001).

Conclusion

Serum CA19-9 is a useful non-invasive preoperative tool for differentiating between invasive and benign IPMN, and should be taken into account in the decision to offer surgery. Patients with an IPMN and positive tumour markers have a high risk of malignant disease.
A problem in diagnostic imaging
Authors: Raymond A.C. , Cutress M.L. , Sathesh‐Kumar T. , Parry J.R.W.
Published: October 2010

Many pathological processes can present as a swelling in the groin. We present a case of complex, ruptured pyonephrosis causing a psoas collection, which in turn presented clinically as an apparent right “incarcerated inguinal hernia.” The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and ultrasound‐guided drainage of the abscess. The anatomical basis of the inguinal presentation of this complex pyonephrosis can be understood in the arrangement of the renal (Gerota's) fascia. Clin. Anat. 24:133–135, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial Agonists and Subunit Selectivity at NMDA Receptors
Authors: Risgaard Rune , Hansen Kasper B. , Clausen Rasmus P.
Published: October 2010

Subunit‐selective ligands for glutamate receptors remains an area of interest as glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and involved in a number of diseased states in the central nervous system (CNS). Few subtype‐selective ligands are known, especially among theN‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor class. Development of these ligands seems to be a difficult task because of the conserved region in the binding site of the NMDA receptor subunits. A few scaffolds have been developed showing potential to differentiate between the NMDA receptors.
Intermediate States on the Way to Edge‐Sharing BO4Tetrahedra in M6B22O39⋅H2O (M=Fe, Co)
Authors: Neumair Stephanie C. , Knyrim Johanna S. , Oeckler Oliver , Glaum Robert , Kaindl Reinhard , Stalder Roland , Huppertz Hubert
Published: October 2010

The new borates FeII6B22O39⋅H2O (colourless) and CoII6B22O39⋅H2O (dichroic: red/bluish) were synthesised under the high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of 6 GPa and 880 °C (Fe)/950 °C (Co) in a Walker‐type multi‐anvil apparatus. The compounds crystallise in the orthorhombic space groupPmn21(Z=2) with the lattice parametersa=771.9(2),b=823.4(2),c=1768.0(4) pm,V=1.1237(4) nm3,R1=0.0476,wR2=0.0902 (all data) for Fe6B22O39⋅H2O anda=770.1(2),b=817.6(2),c=1746.9(4) pm,V=1.0999(4) nm3,R1=0.0513,wR2=0.0939 (all data) for Co6B22O39⋅H2O. The new structure type of M6B22O39⋅H2O (M=Fe, Co) is built up from corner‐sharing BO4tetrahedra and BO3groups, the latter being distorted and close to BO4tetrahedra if additional oxygen atoms of the neighbouring BO4tetrahedra are considered in the coordination sphere. This situation can be regarded as an intermediate state in the formation of edge‐sharing tetrahedra. The structure consists of corrugated multiple layers interconnected by BO3/BO4groups to form Z‐shaped channels. Inside these channels, iron and cobalt show octahedral (M1, M3, M4, M5) and strongly distorted tetrahedral (M2, M6) coordination by oxygen atoms. CoII6B22O39⋅H2O is dichroic and the low symmetry of the chromophore [CoIIO4] is reflected by the polarised absorption spectra (Δt=4650 cm−1,B=878 cm−1).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the New Metal‐Rich Ternary Borides Ni12AlB8, Ni12GaB8 and Ni10.6Ga0.4B6 — Examples for the First B5 Zig‐Zag Chain Fragment.
Authors: Ade Martin , Kotzott Dominik , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: October 2010

Single crystals of the new title compounds are prepared from the elements (Ar, 1250—1450 °C, 1—6 h) and their structures are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol—Gel Synthesis of Pt—Ru—Os—Ir Based Anode Electro‐Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells.
Authors: Alyousef Yousef M. , Datta Moni Kanchan , Kadakia Karan , Yao S. C. , Kumta Prashant N.
Published: October 2010

Pt44Ru41Os10Ir5 anode electro‐catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells with a high specific surface area are synthesized by the complexed sol—gel process from Pt(acac)2, Ru(acac)3, Ir(acac)3, OsCl3, and Me4NOH in acetone/MeOH.
ChemInform Abstract: The Bicyclic Polyselenium Cation Se102+ in the Structure of Se10[Bi4Cl14].
Authors: Beck Johannes , Eck Steffen J.
Published: October 2010

Single crystals of the new title compound are grown by reaction of BiCl3, Se, and SeCl4 in the temp.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclizations of 1,6‐Diynes Triggered by Internal N‐ and O‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Sperger Christian A. , Fiksdahl Anne
Published: October 2010

In the presence of appropriate Au catalysts the 1,6‐diynes (VI), (IX), and (XI) are found to undergo tandem cyclization giving diverse bicyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones.
Authors: Addis Daniele , Shaikh Nadim , Zhou Shaolin , Das Shoubhik , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthius
Published: October 2010

The ketones are enantioselectively reduced to the corresponding alcohols employing Fe(OAc)2 and a chiral diphosphine as catalyst, and either diethoxy(methyl)silane or PMHS as reducing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalated Nitrile and Enolate Chlorinations.
Authors: Pitta Bhaskar Reddy , Fleming Fraser F.
Published: October 2010

α‐Chloronitriles, α‐chloro esters, α‐chloro lactone and α‐chloro ketones are readily prepared by deprotonating tertiary nitriles and rapidly adding the highly unusual electrophilic chlorine source 2‐chloro‐2‐fluoro‐2‐phenylacetonitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of Arylglycines via Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Arenes with a Glyoxylate Imine.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Seppelt Matthias , Beck Tobias
Published: October 2010

The enantioselective organocatalytic synthesis of the arylglycines (III) is reported to proceed with good to excellent yields (60‐89%) and enantioselectivities (68‐96%).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Method for Solvent‐Free Iodination of Hydroxylated Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones Using Iodine and Iodic Acid by Grinding Method.
Authors: Vibhute Archana , Mokle Shyam , Karamunge Khushal , Gurav Vasant , Vibhute Yeshwant
Published: October 2010

A variety of substrates is regioselectively iodinated under mild conditions in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling of Ethanol: Diene Hydro‐hydroxyethylation to Form All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers.
Authors: Han Hoon , Krische Michael J.
Published: October 2010

anti‐configured neopentyl homoallylic alcohols with an all‐carbon quaternary center are prepared as the major products with moderate to high diastereoselectivity starting from dienes (I) and ethanol (II) or acetaldehyde (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Perfluoroalkylation of Imines and Carbonyls: Perfluoroalkyl Sulfones as Efficient Perfluoroalkyl‐Transfer Motifs.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Wang Ying , Mogi Ryo , Hu Jinbo , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A.
Published: October 2010

Pentafluorinated amines and alcohols as well as trifluorinated amines are prepared from PhSO2CF2CF3 or PhSO2CF3 and imines or carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: The Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Bromo‐ and Chloroarenes with Arylboronic Acids in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Kuchurov Ilya V. , Vasil'ev Andrei A. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: October 2010

A new and convenient method for the Suzuki—Miyauro cross coupling of haloarenes with phenylboronic acid is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel TRPV1 Ligands Through Rational Approach Based on Its Putative Endogenous Ligand, 12(S)‐HPETE.
Authors: Min Kyung Hoon , Lee Seul , Kim Hwa Soon , Suh Young‐Ger
Published: October 2010

Nonvanilloid agonists and antagonists [(I)—(IV)] are synthesized and tested for their biological activities.
ChemInform Abstract: General Access to Chiral N‐Alkyl Terminal Aziridines via Organocatalysis.
Authors: Fadeyi Olugbeminiyi O. , Schulte Michael L. , Lindsley Craig W.
Published: October 2010

A new three step, one‐pot procedure for the general enantioselective synthesis of terminal N‐alkyl aziridines via organocatalysis is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Grignard Additions to Cyclic Sulfamidate Imines: Synthesis of N‐Substituted Quaternary Sulfamidate Building Blocks.
Authors: Chang Stanley , Lee Ernest E.
Published: October 2010

A simple method is developed for the addition of Grignard reagents (in either Et2O or THF) to cyclic sulfamidate imines to give 4‐disubstituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Tetrahydrochromeno[2,3‐b]chromenes.
Authors: Devakaram Ruth , Black David StC. , Kumar Naresh
Published: October 2010

Acid‐catalyzed dimerization of flavones (II)(9 examples) affords the title compounds (III) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐octahydroxanthene Derivatives Using Catalytic Amount of H2SO4 in Water.
Authors: Wang Rui‐Hua , Cui Bin , Zhang Wen‐Tao , Han Guang‐Fan
Published: October 2010

The presented method has several advantages such as low cost, excellent yield and a simple work‐up procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines by Sodium Chlorite.
Authors: Liao Xiali , Lin Wenbin , Lu Jun , Wang Chun
Published: October 2010

The oxidation is mediated by chlorine dioxide, generated in situ, to give the corresponding pyridines in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Seebach′s Conjunctive Reagent Enables Double Cyclizations.
Authors: Chandler Brent D. , Roland Jason T. , Li Yukai , Sorensen Erik J.
Published: October 2010

All reactions with Seebach′s nitropropene (II) proceed with complete cis‐fused selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted Pyrimidines by Site‐Selective Suzuki‐—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2,4,5,6‐Tetrachloropyrimidine.
Authors: Hussain Munawar , Nguyen Thai Hung , Khera Rasheed Ahmad , Malik Imran , Zinad Dhafer Saber , Langer Peter
Published: October 2010

Suzuki—Miyaura reactions of the tetrachloropyrimidine (I) allow a convenient synthesis of mono‐, di, tri‐, and tetraarylpyrimidines, which are not readily available by other methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 3,7‐Dihydro‐purine‐2,6‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Gang , Reddy P. S. Murali Mohan , Barber Jack R. , Ng Shi Chung , Zhou Yuefen
Published: October 2010

Three series of substituted xanthines (46 examples) with great structural diversity are synthesized for biological screening.
ChemInform Abstract: Cucurbitane‐Type Triterpenes with anti‐Proliferative Effects on U937 Cells from an Egyptian Natural Medicine, Bryonia cretica: Structures of New Triterpene Glycosides, Bryoniaosides A and B.
Authors: Matsuda Hisashi , Nakashima Souichi , Abdel‐Halim Osama Bashir , Morikawa Toshio , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: October 2010

Bioassay‐guided fractionation leads to the isolation of two new triterpene glycosides, bryoniaosides A (I) and B (II), along with several known structurally related substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Schisandra lancifolia and Their anti‐Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐1 Activities.
Authors: Yang Guang‐Yu , Fan Peng , Wang Rui‐Rui , Cao Jing‐Li , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Yang Liu‐Meng , Pu Jian‐Xin , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: October 2010

Three new dibenzocyclooctadienes (I), named schilancifolignans A‐C, are isolated together with several known lignans from leaves and stems of the title plant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Amino‐α‐trifluoromethyl Alcohols and Their Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz , Obijalska Emilia , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: October 2010

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Imidate Rearrangements Catalyzed by Planar Chiral Palladacycles
Authors: Nomura Hiroshi , Richards Christopher J.
Published: October 2010

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Marine Toxins: Chemical and Biological Aspects
Authors: Stonik V. A. , Stonik I. V.
Published: October 2010

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges in the Chemical Synthesis of Average Sized Proteins: Sequential vs. Convergent Ligation of Multiple Peptide Fragments
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Bang Duhee
Published: October 2010

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Highlights in 1,2,3‐Dithiazole Chemistry
Authors: Laborie Helene , Rouillard Herve , Deau Emmanuel , Pineau Philippe , Domon Lisianne , Cherouvrier Jean‐Rene , Thiery Valerie
Published: October 2010

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Determination of the Kinetic Parameters of Electrochemical Reaction in Chemical Power Sources: A Critical Review
Authors: Xu Yanhui , Chen Ying , Wu Jun , Li Decheng , Ju Hua , Zheng Junwei
Published: October 2010

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoactive Molecules for Applications in Molecular Imaging and Cell Biology
Authors: Shao Qing , Xing Bengang
Published: October 2010

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microdroplets in Microfluidics: An Evolving Platform for Discoveries in Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Theberge Ashleigh B. , Courtois Fabienne , Schaerli Yolanda , Fischlechner Martin , Abell Chris , Hollfelder Florian , Huck Wilhelm T. S.
Published: October 2010

Review: 228 refs.
Trends in survival for patients with metastatic soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: Italiano Antoine , Mathoulin‐Pelissier Simone , Cesne Axel Le , Terrier Philippe , Bonvalot Sylvie , Collin Françoise , Michels Jean‐Jacques , Blay Jean‐Yves , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Bui Binh
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to determine whether the overall survival of patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has improved over the last 20 years.

METHODS:

In total, 1024 patients who had synchronous metastatic (SM) STS or metachronous metastatic (MM) STS diagnosed between 1987 and 2006 were included prospectively in the French Sarcoma Group database after central histologic review. Four periods of diagnosis of metastatic disease were defined: P1, from 1987 to 1991 (n = 208); P2, from 1992 to 1996 (n = 287); P3, from 1997 to 2001 (n = 285); and P4, from 2002 to 2006 (n = 244). Patient characteristics were analyzed as prognostic factors by using a Cox model.

RESULTS:

The proportion of patients with SM, the interval between diagnosis and MM, and the clinical characteristics of the patients were similar across the 4 periods. Although there was no significant difference in the median overall survival (OS) from P1 through P2 (P1, 12.3 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.9‐14.7 months; P2, 11.4 months; 95% CI, 9‐13.9 months), significant improvements were observed in the later periods (P3, 15 months; 95% CI, 11.8‐18.2 months; P4, 18 months; 95% CI, 15.3‐20.7 months; P = .029; log‐rank test). The 2‐year OS rate also increased throughout the study period from 28.1% during P1 to 38.7% during P4. On multivariate analysis, period of diagnosis, age, histologic subtype, time to metastatic recurrence, French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group grade, and the number of metastatic sites were independent prognostic factors for OS.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current analysis revealed that the median OS of patients with metastatic STS had improved by 50% during the last 20 years. These data should be considered in the interpretation of results from ongoing and future STS trials. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Experience with standardized thyroid fine‐needle aspiration reporting categories
Authors: Nga Min‐En , Kumarasinghe Marian P. , Tie Bibiana , Sterrett Gregory F. , Wood Benjamin , Walsh John , Nguyen Hue , Whyte Andrew , Frost Felicity A.
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND.

A significant number of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) cases yield inconclusive results. The recent National Cancer Institute guidelines and those published by other societies are important contributions to standardizing the diagnostic approach. Nevertheless, there are significant issues in the application of guidelines and the evaluation of their clinical efficacy. Data from individual departments can be useful in demonstrating the role of standardized reporting.

METHODS.

The authors followed 529 consecutive cases with inconclusive thyroid FNA results that were analyzed in a single laboratory in Western Australia. In that laboratory, standardized reporting in categories has been in place for a decade, and inconclusive cases have been subdivided into indeterminate and atypical groups. Follow‐up data was obtained for 341 indeterminate cases (17.2% of total thyroid FNA accessions) and for 188 atypical cases (9.5% of accessions).

RESULTS.

In total, 127 nodules with atypical results (67.6%) underwent surgical excision compared with 131 nodules with indeterminate results (38.4%;P< .0001). In 96 excised nodules with atypical results (75.6%), the excised specimens were identified as neoplastic compared with 61 excised nodules with indeterminate results (46.6%;P< .0001). In addition, 31 excised nodules with atypical results (24.4%) had a malignancy proven compared with 17 excised nodules with indeterminate results (13%;P< .05). In addition, 51 of 82 repeat FNAs (62.2%) among patients who had indeterminate results yielded a more specific diagnosis compared with 2 of 9 repeat FNAs (22.2%) among patients who had atypical results (P< .05).

CONCLUSIONS.

The routine subcategorization of patients who had inconclusive thyroid FNA reports into indeterminate and atypical groups resulted in statistically significant differences in the likelihood of neoplasia and malignancy. Patients who had indeterminate results were more likely to benefit from repeat FNAC than patients who had atypical results. The current results indicated that patients who fall into these 2 categories are likely to benefit from different clinical management protocols. Cancer Cancer Cytopathol 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Maternal plasma polychlorinated biphenyl levels in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) affect infant social skills in mother–infant interaction
Authors: Nakagami Akiko , Koyama Takamasa , Kawasaki Katsuyoshi , Negishi Takayuki , Ihara Toshio , Kuroda Yoichiro , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro
Published: October 2010

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals that disturb normal development of embryonic brains. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between maternal plasma PCB concentration and infant behavioral characteristics in mother–infant interactions. We grouped 20 pregnant cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) into higher and lower PCB exposure groups; monkeys in the higher PCB group had PCB concentrations above 15 pg/g, which is representative of natural exposure levels. Maternal PCB concentration correlated negatively with infant behaviors (approach, look, proximity, locomotion) at the age of 6 months (p < .05), when an increase in these behaviors should normally occur. These results suggest that maternal PCB exposure may affect the development of infant social behavior in cynomolgus monkeys. Furthermore, this study provides primate evidence to support observations of associations between behavioral and learning disabilities and prenatal exposure to PCBs in humans. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53: 79–88, 2011.
T cells acquire cell surface determinants of APC via in vivo trogocytosis during viral infections
Authors: Rosenits Kerstin , Keppler Selina J. , Vucikuja Smiljka , Aichele Peter
Published: October 2010

Trogocytosis describes the transfer of surface determinants between immune cells and has been implicated in immune regulation. Most findings are based on in vitro studies since in vivo trogocytosis of immune cells is difficult to detect under physiological conditions. We used low frequencies of memory P14 T cells to demonstrate that T cells perform trogocytosis in vivo if in contact with APC pulsed with GP33‐peptide or expressing the antigen endogenously. Furthermore, in vivo trogocytosis of T cells is demonstrated during infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and vaccinia virus. Trogocytosis‐positive T cells revealed higher expression of activation marker and cytokines, showing a more activated phenotype compared to trogocytosis‐negative T cells.