bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secure Supervised Learning-Based Smart Home Authentication Framework
Authors: Sudha K. Swapna , Jeyanthi N , Iwendi Celestine
Published: February 2024

The Smart home possesses the capability of facilitating home services to their users with the systematic advance in The Internet of Things (IoT) and information and communication technologies (ICT) in recent decades. The home service offered by the smart devices helps the users in utilize maximized level of comfort for the objective of improving life quality. As the user and smart devices communicate through an insecure channel, the smart home environment is prone to security and privacy problems. A secure authentication protocol needs to be established between the smart devices and the user, such that a situation for device authentication can be made feasible in smart home environments. Most of the existing smart home authentication protocols were identified to fail in facilitating a secure mutual authentication and increases the possibility of lunching the attacks of session key disclosure, impersonation and stolen smart device. In this paper, Secure Supervised Learning-based Smart Home Authentication Framework (SSL-SHAF) is proposed as are liable mutual authentication that can be contextually imposed for better security. The formal analysis of the proposed SSL-SHAF confirmed better resistance against session key disclosure, impersonation and stolen smart device attacks. The results of SSL-SHAF confirmed minimized computational costs and security compared to the baseline protocols considered for investigation.
Q-Learning Model for Blockchain Security in Internet of Medical Things Networks
Authors: Ashok Kanneboina , S Gopikrishnan
Published: February 2024

Secure Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) installations must take a long time to complete, which leaves them vulnerable to low energy performance, low throughput, and low packet delivery rates. This limits performance in real-time deployments, which has an effect on healthcare efficiency. Many optimization approaches have been proposed by researchers to deal with these issues, but most of them increase the complexity of mining and thus reduce its scalability. In order to improve the temporal QoS performance of IoMT deployments, this paper proposes the creation of a novel bio-inspired model. In order to evaluate the temporal mining performance (of miners) in terms of mining throughput, block mining ratio, latency, and energy, the proposed model makes use of the Mayfly Optimization (MO) Method. A fitness function based on these indices is then used to decide whether or not the underlying blockchains should be combined or split up. During a split operation, a blockchain is divided into two equal parts, and during a merge operation, the blockchain is saved for later retrieval. The proposed model improves block mining performance by 3.2%, compared to the average QoS optimization model under similar conditions, increases mining speed by 3.5%, decreases energy consumption by 4.9%, increases throughput by 2.8%, and improves performance by 3.2%.
Sensing Time Improvement using Two Stage Detectors for Cognitive Radio System
Authors: Khalaf Mohamed , Fawzi Ahmed , Yahya Ahmed
Published: February 2024

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology for both present and future telecommunications to satisfy the demand of the next generation due to inefficient use of the allocated spectrum. Due to its ability to utilize the available bandwidth of other wireless communication networks and so enhance its occupancy. Spectrum sensing (SS) is the key characteristic of the CR system that helps it identify the empty spectrum. SS has gained a lot of interest recently and it is an active research area since it offers additional opportunities to secondary users. A broad variety of analytical methods to identify the Primary User's (PUs) presence have emerged as a result of SS techniques for CRs. Although each approach has its own benefits, the drawbacks attached to them make an individual implementation of the technique impractical for usage. To mitigate the drawbacks and maximize the benefits offered by the individual methods, a two stage detector can be employed for SS. However, the stages method lengthens the time needed to sense the spectrum and produce a definitive result. In this paper, we propose a two-stage sensing approach, where the first stage is an Interval Dependent Denoising detector (IDD) and followed by a second stage is Energy Detection (ED) which provides a large decrease in the mean sensing time compared to different related two-stage SS approaches The ED method is simple and has a short sensing time, but it performs poorly when the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is low, Hence it is thought that separating PU activity from noise is essential for accurate SS. Therefore, we use IDD as a noise reduction technique in the first stage before the ED stage. The simulation results have been utilized to demonstrate that this technique leads to a large savings in sensing time as compared to an existing two-stage detection approaches.
Multipoint Relay Path for Efficient Topology Maintenance Algorithm in Optimized Link State Routing-Based for VANET
Authors: Ahmed Waleed Khalid , Warip Mohd Nazri bin Mohd , Ahmed Mohamed ElshaikhElobaid Said , Ehkan Phaklen
Published: February 2024

The Optimal Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol employs multipoint relay (MPR) nodes to disseminate topology control (TC) messages, enabling network topology discovery and maintenance. However, this approach increases control overhead and leads to wasted network bandwidth in stable topology scenarios due to fixed flooding periods. To address these challenges, this paper presents an Efficient Topology Maintenance Algorithm (ETM-OLSR) for Enhanced Link-State Routing Protocols. By reducing the number of MPR nodes, TC message generation and forwarding frequency are minimized. Furthermore, the algorithm selects a smaller subset of TC messages based on the changes in the MPR selection set from the previous cycle, adapting to stable and fluctuating network conditions. Additionally, the sending cycle of TC messages is dynamically adjusted in response to network topology changes. Simulation results demonstrate that the ETM-OLSR algorithm effectively reduces network control overhead, minimizes end-to-end delay, and improves network throughput compared to traditional OLSR and HTR-OLSR algorithms.
A Scalable Monitoring System for Software Defined Networks
Authors: Eissa Mahmoud , Yahya Ahmed , Gad Usama
Published: February 2024

Monitoring functionality is an essential element of any network system. Traditional monitoring solutions are mostly used for manual and infrequent network management tasks. Software-defined networks (SDN) have emerged with enabled automatic and frequent network reconfigurations. In this paper, a scalable monitoring system for SDN is introduced. The proposed system monitors small, medium, and large-scale SDN. Multiple instances of the proposed monitoring system can run in parallel for monitoring many SDN slices. The introduced monitoring system receives requests from network management applications, collects considerable amounts of measurement data, processes them, and returns the resulting knowledge to the network management applications. The proposed monitoring system slices the network (switches and links) into multiple slices. The introduced monitoring system concurrently monitors applications for various tenants, with each tenant's application running on a dedicated network slice. Each slice is monitored by a separate copy of the proposed monitoring system. These copies operate in parallel and are synchronized. The scalability of the monitoring system is achieved by enhancing the performance of SDN. In this context, scalability is addressed by increasing the number of tenant applications and expanding the size of the physical network without compromising SDN performance.
On Approach to Increase Integration Rate of Field-Effect Heterotransistors in the Framework of a Bootstrap Switch
Authors: Pankratov E.L
Published: February 2024

In this paper we introduce an approach to increase integration rate of field-effect heterotransistors in the framework of a bootstrap switch. In the framework of the approach we consider a heterostructure with special configuration. Several specific areas of the heterostructure should be doped by diffusion or ion implantation. Annealing of dopant and/or radiation defects should be optimized.
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Towards Automation Testing
Authors: Khankhoje Rohit
Published: February 2024

In the rapidly evolving realm of software development, Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has emerged as a pivotal technology that holds the potential to redefine the landscape of automation testing. This scholarly article delves into the integration of RPA within the realm of automation testing, elucidating its capacity to augment efficiency and precision. The primary aim of this investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of RPA tools in automating repetitive and time-consuming testing procedures that have traditionally been conducted by human testers. Through a comparative analysis of diverse RPA tools and a series of empirical case studies, we substantiate how RPA can substantially diminish manual exertion while concurrently expanding coverage and dependability in test scenarios. Our findings reveal that RPA, when effectively implemented, not only expedites the testing cycle but also contributes to the production of more robust and dependable software products. The article concludes by deliberating on the broader implications of these findings for the field of software testing, with an emphasis on the necessity for organizations to adapt to RPA-driven methodologies. This scholarly investigation lays the groundwork for future research endeavors aimed at optimizing RPA strategies and their integration with other emerging technologies in the realm of automation testing.
Users Approach on Providing Feedback for Smart Home Devices – Phase II
Authors: Pogaku Santhosh
Published: February 2024

Smart Home technology has accomplished extraordinary success in making individuals' lives more straightforward and relaxing. Technology has recently brought about numerous savvy and refined frame works that advanced clever living innovation. In this paper, we will investigate the behavioral intention of user's approach to providing feedback for smart home devices. We will conduct an online survey for a sample of three to five students selected by simple random sampling to study the user's motto for giving feedback on smart home devices and their expectations. We have observed that most users are ready to actively share their input on smart home devices to improve the product's service and quality to fulfill the user’s needs and make their lives easier.
Advancing Web Development - Enhancing Component-Based Software Engineering and Design Systems Through HTML5 Customized Built-in Elements
Authors: Shah Hardik
Published: February 2024

The evolution of web development has been significantly influenced by the introduction of HTML5 Web Components, particularly customized built-in elements. This paper explores the transformative impact of these elements on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) and Design Systems. Customized builtin elements, as an integral part of the Web Components standard, offer unparalleled flexibility and functionality, enabling developers to create bespoke HTML elements that encapsulate specific behaviors and styles. This adaptability is pivotal for CBSE, facilitating the modularization of complex applications into more manageable components. This research delves into how customized built-in elements enhance Design Systems, ensuring visual consistency and superior user experience across digital applications. By adapting these elements to align with an application's design language and brand identity, a seamless and visually cohesive interface is achieved. The paper also examines the cross-browser compatibility, performance optimization, and security considerations associated with implementing these elements, emphasizing their critical role in efficient web application integration. Furthermore, the paper highlights the significance of these elements in contemporary web development scenarios, including Internet of Things (IoT) applications, e-commerce platforms, and educational technologies. The interaction of these components with Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) is also explored, showcasing potential improvements in web experiences. In conclusion, the paper underscores the necessity of addressing challenges such as browser standardization and developer tooling to fully realize the potential of HTML5 customized built-in elements. The discussion concludes with an outlook on the future of these elements, projecting their continuing influence in advancing the field of web development.
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Pereira de Caldas Marinez , Dias da Silva Damiana , Pereira de Queiroz Nunes Zenilda , Joseny Ferreira da Silva Maria , De Sá Leite Ferreira Lacerda Sheila
Published: February 2024

This article aims to address a topic that is of concern to educators, the inclusion of the hearing impaired and about pedagogical practices that the teacher should be aware of when assisting the hearing impaired student. Much has been debated about inclusion in the educational area and, in this context, the education of the hearing impaired. It is of great importance the teacher’s collaboration in this fight against inequality, but unfortunately not everyone has the necessary knowledge to receive students with this type of disability. It is notorious that teachers are not yet ready to attend the hearing impaired student, the most frequent difficulties are related to communication and to the teaching and learning process. The inclusion has precisely widened the possibilities to build a more just society, giving opportunities for all, to occupy their spaces, seeking to gain their autonomy. Hearing impairment harms not only in language, but also in the educational area, in its potentiality and in its integration into social life. It is necessary for the teacher to value the singularities of each child, in this way the hearing impaired student will have respected their personal characteristics as well as their learning pace. The work presents a bibliographical review, in which it was sought to expand the information regarding the subject studied, demonstrating the process of guaranteeing the rights of the hearing impaired in the legislation. We also sought to discuss with authors about the theme, in order to understand the concept of inclusion.
PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES IN THE QUALITY OF BRAZILIAN EDUCATION
Authors: Soares Brasileiro da Silva Ariuska , Geraldo Leite Mororó José , Joseny Ferreira da Silva Maria , Aparecida Pereira de Lacerda Alvino Maria , Felix de Oliveira Silvana , Pereira de Queiroz Nunes Zenilda
Published: February 2024

Education being the mainspring of a whole country takes center stage in the current social, political and economic context. However, remnants of a bourgeois and pseudo-democratic education are still present in the ideals of education professionals. Brazil, even with its educational system expanding at all levels, still presents great difficulties in the quality of teaching and in terms of its efficiency. As a whole, the needs of Brazilian education are not very different, in the use of creating effective mechanisms that correct educational problems and the efficient use of public resources to achieve quality education for all. On the other hand, education brings in its essence the possibility of building new paradigms and educational practices aimed at building a just and truly democratic society, as a privileged field for political and ideological interventions. The study suggests some axes of a transformation agenda, examining Brazilian education as a whole and recent educational policies: historical participation of the Jesuits in Brazil; Sociopolitical Panorama of Public Education; Policy and its educational systems; A perspective of transformation of education and the important liberating role for the educational process in public policies. Today, the effective, autonomous and critical work of the school context are permeated by reflectivity, diagnosing a role of extreme importance in the process of constructing critical and reflective educational awareness. The educational and transformative make aware of the ideologies that determine the educational and social processes, breaking with high numbers of illiteracy that oppresses reason.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PLAYING FOR CHILDREN’S COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Martins da Silva Elizabete , Felix Oliveira Silvana , Paulo Pereira Rosimary , Pereira da Silva Zenaide , Do Socorro Almeida Angelo Segunda Maria
Published: February 2024

Playing has been part of people’s lives since ancient times, being an important learning mechanism. Therefore, it is necessary to observe and take into account its real importance in child development. Playing in a playful way builds knowledge, with play being an extraordinary way to develop learning and build a child’s real world. However, playing stimulates the improvement of children’s motor skills and functions as inexhaustible sources of promoting playfulness, affection and education. Through games, games and recreational activities, they exercise their cognitive skills, such as problem solving, creativity, imagination and concentration. Furthermore, playing at school can contribute to social interaction and the building of healthy relationships between children. Educators and education professionals must understand the importance of playing and know how to integrate it appropriately into the school curriculum. This involves creating spaces for play, selecting appropriate materials and toys, developing instructional recommendations that emphasize play, and active teacher involvement in guidance and mediation activities.
A Decade of Research Design Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis (2012-2022)
Authors: Deda Yohanis Ndapa , Disnawati Hermina
Published: February 2024

Research design is a didactic-oriented research method, predicting student responses before learning and paying attention to student conditions during and at the end of learning. However, comprehensive studies have yet to show trends in design research worldwide. This study investigates design research trends through bibliometric study of widespread and open-access databases, namely the Google Scholar and Scopus databases, from 2012 to 2022. We reviewed 997 documents from Google Scholar and 94 from the Scopus database on Harzing's Publish or Perish (PoP) 8.7.4245.8399 version on March 10, 2023. The descriptive analysis approach was employed to analyze the data; data from PoP was processed using Microsoft Excel and VoSViewer. The vizualitation show that there are four significant clusters related to design research are the learning process, local instructional theory, realistic mathematics education, and didactical design research. The findings can help scholars identify design research trends and guide future investigations because in the last three years (2020-2022), there aren’t recent research related to design research. Future research should compare Google Scholar, Scopus, other sources to investigate more years, and deepen meta-analysis on design research.
Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Design Research, Scopus, Google Scholar
Rendre opérationnel le Fonds pertes et préjudices : apprendre des perspectives des financeurs et des destinataires potentiels
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Institute, Shawoo Zoha , Bakhtaoui Inès , Schultheiß Lisa , Naushin Nusrat ,   Germanwatch, Ahmed Lina ,   International Centre for Climate Change and Development
Published: February 2024

Cette note résume les points principaux émanant de recherches récentes spécifiquement destinées à informer les créateurs du Fonds afin de les aider à atteindre leurs objectifs.
Rendre opérationnel le fonds pertes et préjudices : apprendre de la mosaïque de financements
Authors:   Germanwatch, Schultheiß L. ,   International Centre for Climate Change and Development, Shawoo Z. ,   Stockholm Environment Institute, Bakhtaoui I. , Ahmed L. , Lindsay C. , Sircar A.
Published: February 2024

Ce rapport (en englais, Operationalising the Loss and Damage Fund: Learning from the Funding Mosaic) tire des enseignements des options actuelles de financements. Ce rapport se fonde sur les enseignements, les expériences, les réflexions et recommandations de personnes travaillant dans des organisations de financement liées au changement climatique, au développement et aux causes humanitaires, ou encore dans des organisations caritatives et associations à but non lucratif dans le monde entier.
Yaygın Plan Tipli Üniversite Kampüslerinin Sürdürülebilir Tasarım Ölçütlerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ARDIÇOĞLU Rüya , ÜNAL ÇİLEK Müge , ÇETİNKAYA ÖZKAN Esra
Published: February 2024

Bu çalışma, üniversite kampüslerinin çok yönlü yapısını ve çeşitli etkilerini mekânsal, sosyal, ekolojik ve işlevsel açılardan inceleyerek, özellikle sürdürülebilir tasarım kriterlerine odaklanmaktadır. Fırat, Çukurova ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi kampüslerini içeren bu analiz, üst ölçekte benzerlikleri ve alt ölçekteki tasarım farklılıklarını ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın yöntemi (1) sürdürülebilir tasarım ölçütlerinin literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri aracılığı ile belirlenmesi; (2) kampüslere ilişkin verilerin alan çalışması ile elde edilmesi; (3) nicel ve nitel değerlendirmelerin uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda yapılması ve (4) bulgular doğrultusunda önerilerin geliştirilmesi olmak üzere dört aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda yerleşim planı, ulaşım ve erişebilirlik, yapısal peyzaj, bitkisel peyzaj, su-atık ve enerji yönetimi ve mekansal tasarım/mekan algısı olmak üzere 6 ana başlık altında toplam 24 soru ile yerleşkeler uzman görüşleri ve veriler doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, üç kampüsün de yerleşim planı ve arazi kullanımı konusunda üst düzeyde performans sergilediğini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte sonuçlar, enerji, su verimliliği ve atık yönetimi alanlarına odaklanılması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Sıralamada ikinci sırada, kampüs yerleşkeleri için sürdürülebilir ulaşım ve erişim politikalarının geliştirilmesi öncelikli bir konu olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir üniversite yerleşkelerine özgün bir perspektif sunarak, literatürdeki boşlukları doldurmak ve gelecekteki benzer çalışmalara önemli bir temel oluşturmak açısından önemli sonuçları içermektedir.
The role of the Hospital environment in the Staphylococcal infections
Authors: Asma E. Altaher  , Aisha M. Shahlol  , Mohamed O. Ahmed
Published: February 2024

Staphylococcus spp. are common causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) that can be transmitted through various routes. The hospital environment can serve as a reservoir for these pathogens. This review examines the role of environmental contamination in the transmission of Staphylococcus spp. infections and how to prevent and control it. It describes the definition of the hospital environment and its potential sources of contamination, including surfaces, fomites, air, and water. It summarizes the evidence on the frequency and extent of environmental contamination by Staphylococcus spp., especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and its impact on HAIs. It also discusses strategies to reduce environmental contamination, such as cleaning, disinfection, hand hygiene, isolation precautions, and decolonization. It highlights the challenges and gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed to improve infection prevention and control practices. The review concludes that environmental contamination plays a significant role in the transmission of Staphylococcus spp. infection and that more research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce it.
Türkiye’de Yetişkinlere Uygulanan Eğitim Yönetiminin Kapsam ve İlkeleri
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Osman
Published: February 2024

Many elements such as the developments in the field of science and technology, the extension of life expectancy, innovations and changes in professions make it necessary to constantly update the knowledge acquired in formal education. For this reason, it is considered necessary to maintain the education received at a certain period of life during adulthood. These requirements have created the result of the birth of the field of adult education. Under this heading, the concept of adult and adult education, the scope and principles of adult education, and the reasons that require adult education are mentioned. The most important element that differentiates adult education from other fields is who an adult is and how adult education should be organized in this direction. Definitions related to the concept of adult differ in terms of treating the concept in biological, physical, psychological, cultural and legal contexts. The parallel treatment of adulthood with biological and social aging is one of the general orientations. In most societies, subjects such as completing compulsory education, working and getting married are considered the beginning of adulthood. The concept of adulthood, which refers to the state of being an adult, generally evokes maturation, independence, being able to make the right decisions about one's own life. The target group of adult education, which includes activities created to meet the educational needs and desires of individuals who are outside the scope of compulsory education and do not continue formal education at any stage of their lives, is adults. It is very important that adult education activities are planned and carried out according to the characteristics of adults. Adult education is a field that includes different traditions and has its own unique characteristics. Adult education offers a second chance to adults with the numerous programs it offers in many fields. It includes educational activities that support adults to improve the knowledge they have and to acquire new knowledge, to realize themselves and to maintain their professional development. Key Words: Education, Adult Education, Scope of Education, Principles of Education
Ulusal ve Uluslararası Belgelerde Eğitim Hakkının Yasal Dayanakları
Authors: Çelik Ömer
Published: February 2024

Education is a multidimensional social institution that is continuous and open to all citizens, starting from before school, including periods after school and after school, is an obligation of the state and a human right in our age. This perspective, which is gradually expanding the framework of education, requires that education be considered in economic, social and cultural realities in societies. Despite the opinions of thinkers such as Comenius, Locke, Rousseau, the main activities in education have been philosophical and methodological, while legal concerns have remained in the secondary plan. As a result of this situation, the individual's right to education has not been provided with a legal basis for a long period of time. The main goal of the United Nations, which was established after the Second World War in the international arena, is to develop universal respect for human rights and freedoms as a principle. The right to education, which is included in the fundamental rights in this process, has been regulated in some UN and Council of Europe documents, especially the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Human rights and the right to education, which are guaranteed by international conventions, have also been protected by some legal regulations within the national legal system. The fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens in Turkey are regulated through the Constitution and laws. In addition, with the relevant legislation, a framework has been established for how these rights and obligations can be used. Key Words: Right to Education, National Documents, International Documents, Legal Bases
Eğitim Alanında Gelişmiş Ülkelerin Öğretmen Yetiştirme Sistemleri
Authors: Cidir Mustafa
Published: February 2024

As we live through the first quarter of the twenty-first century, society's expectation of qualified teachers continues to increase as always. It is a justified and undeniable fact that there is such an expectation in practice. The effort to train and develop teachers is a process that should be considered integrally during the period from the selection of the profession to the termination of the profession, the first dimension of this process is the determination of teacher candidates. There are some basic elements that should be considered in theory and practice in teacher education. When these elements are considered with the system approach; it can be considered in three basic dimensions as inputs, processes and products or outputs. In teacher education, entrance characteristics are very important because the entrance characteristics of teacher candidates and candidates constitute the input. Thanks to the Bologna reforms in education, the minimum qualification period for becoming a teacher has increased. Institutions that train teachers in European Union countries generally conduct education at the undergraduate level. In addition, student selection in European countries is usually carried out with high school graduation exams in Turkey and in some countries with a university entrance exam. In most European countries, three or more criteria are applied when selecting students for teacher training programs. Aptitude tests in which individual and group practice are questioned, interviews in which the candidates' motivations are questioned, language and literacy skills, arithmetic skills are questioned. While education authorities apply these exams in most countries, institutional-level authorities also share responsibility in some countries. The same or similar situation is often applied in other developed countries. Key Words: Education, Education System, Teacher Training Systems, Developed Countries
Eğitim Yöneticilerinin Eğitimde Fırsat Eşitliği Konusundaki Rolleri
Authors: Yalaza Murat Eyyup
Published: February 2024

Eğitim hakkı kavramı, bütün insanların ayrımcılık gözetilmeksizin eşit bir biçimde içinde bulundukları toplumda eğitime ayrılan kaynakların, sunulan hizmetlerin ve yararların paylaşılması hususunda sahip oldukları tabi hakları belirtmektedir. İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesinde hiçbir ayrım gözetmeksizin tüm bireylere tanınmış bir hak olarak yer almıştır. Bundan sonra yayınlanan çok sayıda uluslararası bildiri ve sözleşmede ise diğer insan haklarına ulaşabilmenin önkoşulu olarak belirlenmiştir. Eğitim hakkıyla ilgili uluslararası sözleşmeler, devletlere hiçbir ayrım yapılmaksızın bireylere eğitim hizmetinin sunulması sorumluluğunu yüklemektedir. Ayrımcılık yasağı ilke olarak negatif bir yükümlülüktür, ancak devletlerin her tür ayrımcılığın önlenmesi hususunda pozitif yükümlülükleri söz konusudur. Evrensel nitelikli belgelerde bireylere hayat boyu tanınmış bir hak olan eğitim, kesintisiz ve sürekli bir süreç olarak ele alınır. Dolayısıyla bilgi çağında olmamıza karşın bilgi eşitsizliklerinin derinleştiği bir dünyada insan yaşamının belirli bir evresinde yararlanılması gereken bir hak değildir. Bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeler bireylerin sahip oldukları bilgi, beceri ve yeterliklerin sürekli güncellenmesi gereksinimini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu nedenle tüm bireylerin eğitim hakkından hayat boyu yararlanmalarını sağlayacak olanaklar arttırılmalıdır. Eğitim yöneticileri, kaynakları etkin şekilde kullanarak eğitim hakkından hiçbir ayrım gözetmeksizin tüm yetişkinlerin yararlanmasını sağlamak, katılım oranlarını artırmak, toplumun gereksinimlerine uygun eğitim etkinlikleri düzenlemek ve uygulamak göreviyle yükümlüdürler. Bu açıdan bakıldığında yetişkin eğitimi kurumunda görevli eğitim yöneticilerinin yetişkinlerin eğitim hakkının sağlanmasına ilişkin rollerini yeterince yerine getirememelerinin yetişkin eğitimine katılımın düşük olması, yetişkinlerin eğitim gereksinimlerinin karşılanamaması, nitelikli bir yetişkin eğitimi sunulamaması sonuçlarını doğuran nedenler arasında yer aldığı ileri sürülebilir. Eğitim yöneticilerinin yetişkinlerin eğitim hakkına ilişkin rollerinin yerine getirilmesi aşamasında yaşanan sorunların saptanması ve eğitim yöneticilerinin gerçekleştirmesi gereken rollerin ortaya konulabilmesi için eğitim yöneticilerinin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi gereklidir. Key Words: The Right to Education, Equality of Opportunity, Education Managers
Notes towards infrastructure governance for large language models
Authors: Dal Molin Lara
Published: February 2024

This paper draws on information infrastructures (IIs) in science and technology studies (STS), as well as on feminist STS scholarship and contemporary critical accounts of digital technologies, to build an initial mapping of the infrastructural mechanisms and implications of large language models (LLMs). Through a comparison with discriminatory machine learning (ML) systems and a case study on gender bias, I present LLMs as contested artefacts with categorising and performative capabilities. This paper suggests that generative systems do not tangibly depart from traditional, discriminative counterparts in terms of their underlying probabilistic mechanisms, and therefore both technologies can be theorised as infrastructures of categorisation. However, LLMs additionally retain performative capabilities through their linguistic outputs. Here, I outline the intuition behind this phenomenon, which I refer to as “language as infrastructure”. While traditional, discriminative systems “disappear” into larger IIs, the hype surrounding generative technologies presents an opportunity to scrutinise these artefacts, to alter their computational mechanisms and introduce governance measures]. I illustrate this thesis through Sharma’s formulation of “broken machine”, and suggest dataset curation and participatory design as governance mechanisms that can partly address downstream harms in LLMs (Barocas, et al., 2023).
Infrastructuring AI: The stabilization of 'artificial intelligence' in and beyond national AI strategies
Authors: Bennani-Taylor Sophie
Published: February 2024

This paper explores how AI policy documents mediate the stabilization of socio-technical assemblages. It does so by developing the theory-methods package of ‘discursive infrastructuring’ and applying it to the U.K.’s National AI Strategy. By centering the conceptual slipperiness of emerging technologies such as AI, this framework sheds light on how policy documents work to stabilize emerging socio-technical assemblages comprising specific actors, ideologies, flows of capital, and relationships of power. In the context of the National AI Strategy, discursive infrastructuring reveals how the document stabilises: AI as an autonomous and inevitable force; a technical/social dualism which privileges the technical over the social in driving innovation; the ‘heroic engineer’ as an individual, masculine and rational archetype; and, the U.K. as a dominant and modernising player on AI’s global stage. This assemblage does not only exist in the document’s words; it is translated into practice through the funding of institutions, the centring of technical pedagogies of AI, and the opening of visa routes for ‘globally mobile individuals’. The application of ‘discursive infrastructuring’ to the National AI Strategy thus elucidates the constitutive role of policy discourse in stabilising politically situated material-semiotic conceptions of AI.
Analysis of Marketing Strategies in Increasing Sales Volume of Palapa Coffee in Bandar Lampung
Authors: Rosita Dinda Ayu , Warganegara Tri Lestira Putri
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to test marketing strategies to increase sales volume in Palapa Coffee and understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in Palapa Coffee and formulate better competitive marketing strategy alternatives using the SWOT analysis method. This study used descriptive research method. This study used data collection techniques with observation, interview, documentary, and literature research methods. Technical data analysis using SWOT analysis with a SWOT matrix model. The results showed that marketing strategies to increase sales volume in terms of price, product, place, and promotion were based on the performance of Palapa Coffee employees. SO, ST, WO, and WT strategies also affect the performance of Palapa Coffee. Based on calculations using SWOT analysis, it can be concluded that Palapa Coffee is in quadrant I position which supports aggressive strategies by using its strengths to take advantage of opportunities. Meanwhile, the results of the IE matrix show that the company is in the position of quadrant I (one), namely Growth oriented strategy. This position signifies his company with its marketing strategy that supports an aggressive strategy on the various opportunities and strengths it has.
Comparative Study Of Financial Performance In Indonesian Mining Sector: Pre And During Covid-19
Authors: Az Zuhri Muhammad Rifky , Habiburrahman Habiburrahman
Published: February 2024

In early March 2020, Indonesia announced its first Covid-19 case, which led to a significant decline across various economic sectors. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of companies in the mining sector from 2019 to 2022, this research can assist companies in evaluating their financial performance and their competitors. It employs a quantitative method using two ratios: liquidity ratios utilizing indicators such as the quick ratio and current ratio, and profitability ratios including the Net profit margin ratio, Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE). The research findings indicate that Covid-19 did have an impact, although not significant. There were observed variations in both decreases and increases in liquidity and profitability ratios among different companies.
Marketing Strategy Through Social Media in Increasing Sales at Zheni Rz Furniture Store East Lampung
Authors: Saefudin Rochmad , Warganegara Tri Lestira Putri
Published: February 2024

The problem that occurs in Zheni Rz Furniture Store is the lack of marketing through social media, considering the large number of social media users who can be a means to promote as a marketing strategy to face increasingly fierce competition. This study aims to analyze methods that can be used to increase sales at Zheni Rz Furniture Store. Method analysis in research using a qualitative descriptive approach. Where, research does not use quantitative measurements to describe and explain phenomena. This research uses SWOT analysis as a means of qualitative descriptive approach.  The results show that Zheni Rz Furniture Store is in quadrant 1 with a very advantageous position because it has strengths and opportunities that can be optimized there. In this quadrant 1, Zheni RZ Furniture store East Lampung can use an aggressive growth policy. The SWOT diagram table shows the strategies that Zheni Rz Furniture Store can use to help increase store sales.
Learning Styles of Students With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Lisnawati Devi , Tanya Rafa , Salsabila Putri Pathia , Fitriyani Fitriyani
Published: February 2024

Mental retardation is a child with special needs who has below average intelligence, namely between 50-70. They experience obstacles in carrying out activities. anything, especially in learning (Sefni, 2014). Learning style is the preferred way of carrying out activities of thinking, processing and understanding information. The benefit o f this research is knowing the learning styles of mentally retarded children. Researchers conducted research with the aim of describing the learning styles of students with intellectual disability and knowing the difficulties of mentally retarded children in learning the material. The subjects of this research are mentally retarded children and teachers of mentally retarded children. The learning styles used by mentally retarded children are different. Some tend to be auditory and some tend to be visual depending on the type of mental retardation experienced. However, in determining the learning outcomes achieved by mentally retarded children through their learning styles, teachers experience a little difficulty. The intellectual abilities of mildly mentally retarded children are below average, making them experience learning difficulties and difficulties in receiving lessons, especially mathematics lessons. Teaching mathematics to children with mild mental retardation will be more successful if it uses something concrete, simple examples, language that is easy to understand, and is done in interesting and fun situations so that children with mild mental retardation do not get bored and are motivated to learn.
Role Person Old and Teacher in Guidance Counseling for Talent Children in School Base
Authors: Hunaina Najma , Septian Rudi , Nurkhotimah Uliyana , Fitriyani Fitriyani
Published: February 2024

This research documents the implementation of guidance and counseling services at the Bekasi Jaya Special School (SLBN), Indonesia, in the context of inclusive education. Inclusive education provides equal opportunities for Children with Special Needs (ABK), in accordance with the Minister of National Education Regulation No. 70 year 2009. With method study qualitative, study This focus on the role of consultation, improvement, and communication in guidance and counseling services. Consultations serve as an urgent response to emerging problems, allowing for quick and tailored solutions to student needs. Improvements focused on infrastructure constraints to create an optimal learning environment. Intensive communication with parents is a key element to involve them in their children's education. This service reflects implementation principle democracy education, in where every child recognized have equal rights to quality education. The conclusions of this study support the theory of inclusive education which emphasizes response to the unique needs of each student. Guidance and counseling services at SLBN Bekasi Jaya are not only a response to problems, but also a proactive strategy for optimal learning success. This conclusion provides an in-depth understanding of the implementation of inclusive education at the special school level, with a focus on consultation, improvement and communication as integral elements.
Effectiveness of Probation System and Community Correctional Services in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saeed , Anwar Maqsood , Afzal Afzaal
Published: February 2024

The key objective of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the probation system and community correctional services which are provided during the probation period in Pakistan. So the main focus of the study is that how the probation system does play a significant role for rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders to the society as better citizens. The Universe of the research is the probationers in jails of Pakistan. It is a survey based study. So, the multi stages sampling method has been applied. Hence seven districts have been selected by using simple random sampling techniques. Resultantly two hundred and ten probationers have been finalized through applying a proportionate sampling method. The result of the study showed that rehabilitation of probationers has been linked with supervision of probation officers. This relationship has been measured through change in the behavior of the probationers during their probation period and the role of the officers for their rehabilitation.
Delivery of a Solar-Powered Forward Osmosis Seawater Desalination Plant: Trevi’s 500 m3/day Zero-Carbon FO Seawater Desalination Plant at NELHA
Authors:   MSEE, DSc. (Hon), CEO Trevi Systems Inc, United States, Webley John , Greene Michael ,   MSc, Vice President Engineering Trevi Systems, United States, Yong Jui Shan ,   PhD, Vice President Business Development Trevi Systems, United States
Published: February 2024

This paper presents an account of Trevi’s delivery of a 500 m3/day solar powered forward osmosis (FO) seawater desalination plant at the Ocean Science and Technology Park of the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority (NELHA). The project aimed to demonstrate the viability of solar thermal-powered desalination for agricultural applications through the integration of a 2MW micro-dish solar thermal array with a state-of-the-art FO system. Highlighted in the paper are the three distinct project phases; Planning and Design, System Construction, Installation & Testing followed finally by System Operation and Optimization. Results and decisions which led to the final plant design will be shared, highlighting how Trevi Systems succeeded in producing a zero-carbon FO seawater desalination plant with a projected Levelized Cost of Water (LCOW) estimate competitive with existing carbon-intensive RO technologies (based on some assumptions and the cost of heat which is required for FO). Trevi's design and implementation of a solar-powered FO seawater desalination plant at NELHA demonstrated groundbreaking advancements in sustainable desalination. The careful planning, strategic design selection, and innovative technological developments resulted in a zero-carbon, competitive LCOW desalination solution.
The Influence of Employee Monetary Rewards on the Company Performance in Saudi Arabia's Manufacturing Sector
Authors:   Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), Saudi Arabia, Alshehabeya Dheya
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to analyze the impact of Monetary Rewards on the Company Performance in the Saudi Manufacturing Sector. This sector population consists of organizations working in oilfield services, industrial services, energy, and manufacturing. In particular, the researcher intended to help the practitioners in the Saudi Manufacturing Sector to develop their strategy to enhance organizational efficiency. To do that, the researcher observed the impact of monetary rewards on employees’ performance and how it contributes to the growth of companies. In this context, quantitative and qualitative analyses approaches were used to address the research objectives. The researcher used an explanatory sequential mixed research design which was constructed from web-based survey and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Accordingly, 578 employees working in different organizations in Saudi Manufacturing Sector participated in the survey questionnaires. On the other hand, for the qualitative part, 30 employees working in panel boards manufacturing factory were purposely selected to participate in face-to-face interviews. Significant relationships were observed from the quantitative analysis then verified using qualitative analysis. Results showed that majority of the participants believed that monetary rewards are significantly motivate their performance which can positively contribute to Company effectiveness and growth.