bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Virtual Roaming Control Method Based on Pen Tablet
Authors: Gui Kaige , Yao Zhengwei
Published: August 2022

A natural game interaction method can bring a good game experience to users, but pen-type interaction, which is one of the natural human-computer interaction methods, rarely appears in games, especially three-dimensional games. The main reason is that most pen-type interactive devices are developed for two-dimensional applications such as writing and painting. Whether the pen-based interaction can be extended from two-dimensional to three-dimensional is the key to whether the pen-based interaction can become one of the leading interactive methods of the game. The pen tablet is one of the most widely used pen-type interactive devices, and a virtual tour is an essential part of the game. Therefore, this paper takes this as a breakthrough and proposes a virtual roaming control method based on the pen tablet. First, we analyze the performance characteristics of the pen tablet and get the data information available for the pen tablet. Then, we design various virtual roaming actions such as walking, running, jumping, viewing angle rotation, view zooming, space-free displacement, acceleration, and deceleration and establish an association with the operation of the pen tablet. At the same time, the maximum likelihood function constraint was added to improve the error tolerance rate of viewing angle rotation. Finally, two games were developed to verify their effectiveness. The experimental results show that the pen tablet performs well in completing virtual roaming tasks, especially when users need to achieve similar writing and roaming tasks without switching devices back and forth. This maintains the user’s habit of writing with pen and paper and improves the interactive experience. The method is a new exploration of the application of pen-based interaction in games, which lays the foundation for future game development based on pen-based interaction.
A Novel Antifouling RO Polyamide/Myrrh Membrane for Waste Water Purification
Authors: Alotaibi N. F. , Alsolami M. A. , Moustafa Shaima M. N. , Darwish Nawaf Bin , Nassar A. M.
Published: August 2022

In the present work, desalination of real samples from Dumat Al-Jandal Lake water (located in Jouf region) was carried out via reverse osmosis (RO) technique. The growth of bacteria on the surface of RO membrane is an essential issue of this method. It creates defects in membrane properties as salt rejection and preparation. Many approaches have been proposed to prevent the growth of bacteria on membrane. The addition of some materials such as natural products was one of those approaches. In this work, myrrh was chosen because it is well known as an antibacterial natural product. Unmodified RO membrane was prepared in the lab using interfacial polymerization between trimesoyl chloride (TMC, 0.1 M) and m-phenylenediamine (MPD, 0.3 M). The characterization was obtained by using infrared (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The properties of RO membrane as water flux and salt rejection were determined using lake water. The obtained results were 25 and 65% for water flux and salt rejection, respectively. In respect of modified RO membrane, myrrh solution with different concentrations was prepared and mixed with membrane materials. The modified membrane was characterized with IR and SEM. Water flux and salt rejection were determined obtaining results of 42 and 41% for water flux and salt rejection, respectively. The resistance of bacterial growth was tested for both modified and unmodified membranes, showing that the modified membrane presented high resistance of bacterial growth in contrast to the unmodified one.
Spectral Factor of Colored Solar Cells: A Case Study on the Main Urban Areas in Romania
Authors: Hategan Sergiu-Mihai , Paulescu Marius
Published: August 2022

PV modules for Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) applications are made of different colors aimed at raising the visual aesthetic of the building. But a colored coating applied to the surface of a basic PV module is inherently associated to a decrease in conversion efficiency. From a different perspective, the efficiency of a PV module is evaluated under the industry standard test conditions (STC). Due to spectral mismatch, the efficiency of a PV module operating in outdoor conditions may substantially differ from the standard value evaluated at STC. In this study, the influence of spectral solar irradiance distribution on the colored PV module efficiency is evaluated in terms of spectral factor (SF). SF quantifies the relative power gain or loss caused by the spectral difference from STC. The theory is illustrated with a case study on the main four urban areas in Romania. The actual solar radiation spectrum is estimated with the simple Leckner spectral solar irradiance model, based on atmospheric parameters retrieved from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The results emphasize that the aesthetic of BIPV comes at a high energy cost: depending on the color, a coating applied on the surface of a crystalline silicon PV module may reduce its conversion efficiency even by half.
Impacts of Sedimentation and Diagenesis on Deeply Buried Reservoir Quality of a Rift Basin: A Case Study of Wenchang Formation in the Lufeng Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, China
Authors: Sun Panke , Jiang Shiyi , Zhang Lin , Jia Langbo , Rao Huawen , Fang Huijing , Yi Zhen , He Taihong , Zhu Sicheng , Bao Liyin
Published: August 2022

The deeply buried reservoirs of Wenchang Formation in the Lufeng Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, display strong heterogeneity, and the major controls for the development of high-quality reservoirs remain unclear. To address these issues, we conducted a series of experiment analyses, including petrographic microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, and analyzed the impacts of sedimentation and diagenesis on the quality of deeply buried reservoirs. The results demonstrate that the sandbodies of subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar deposited in lowstand systems tract (LST) and highstand systems tract (HST), as compared to the beach-bar and subaqueous fan sandstones deposited in transgressive systems tract (TST), have coarser grain size, higher quartz content, and lower muddy matrix content, which induced stronger anti-compaction capability, higher preservation of intergranular pore spaces, and thus better reservoir qualities. The reservoir types developed in subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar are mainly types I, II, and III with medium-low porosity and low-ultra low permeability, while beach-bar and subaqueous fan mainly developed type III reservoir with low-porosity and ultra-low permeability. The reservoirs developed in E2w of the study area have undergone strong compaction, intense dissolution, but weak cementation. The subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar reservoirs in LST are adjacent to Ew4 source rock in spatial distribution, resulting in strong organic acid dissolution, and developed numerous dissolved pores. The charging of hydrocarbons before deep burial further inhibited the later compaction and cementation and protects the preservation of residual primary intergranular pores and secondary dissolved pores. The combination of these factors leads to the development of the abnormally high porosity and high-quality reservoirs in LST. The results of this study reveal the genetic mechanism of deep, high-quality reservoirs in the rift basin and guide the selection of high-quality reservoirs in the later stage.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental Quality for Health Ecotourism in Huangshan National Forest Park
Authors: Zhu Shengdong , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2022

In recent years, people’s life rhythm is fast due to which life pressure is increasing, and the ecological environment is seriously polluted. All these factors contribute to serious physical and mental health issues, posing a direct threat to people’s health. Due to these factors, health tourism and recreational tourism of traditional Chinese medicine pay more attention. In this paper, Huangshan National Forest Park is selected as the actual research object, and the environmental quality of healthy ecotourism is analyzed according to the current situation of the forest park. It employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to identify 12 different indicators of ecotourism’s environmental quality. It establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system for the ecotourism environmental quality, as well as an evaluation model based on this system. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation model is established using the fuzzy math analysis method, and five levels of standards are established to judge the level of ecodevelopment of the Huangshan National Forest Health and Maintenance. By calculating the weight of each index in the evaluation system, the result of a comprehensive evaluation is 75.92 points, which is in the good grade. The experimental results show that the eco-environmental resources in Huangshan National Forest Park are of higher quality. The planned landscape is more attractive, the eco-environmental area is larger, the cleanliness of the air in the forest park is higher, and the service personnel have higher cultural literacy.
Arrhythmia Classification Algorithm Based on a Two-Dimensional Image and Modified EfficientNet
Authors: Zhao Cui-fang , Yao Wan-yun , Yi Mei-juan , Wan Chao , Tian Yong-le
Published: August 2022

The classification and identification of arrhythmias using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are of great practical significance in the early prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we propose an arrhythmia classification algorithm based on two-dimensional (2D) images and modified EfficientNet. First, we developed a method for converting original one-dimensional (1D) ECG signals into 2D image signals. In contrast with the existing classification method that uses only the time-domain features of a 1D ECG signal, the classification of 2D images can consider the spatiotemporal characteristics of the signal. Then, to better assign feature weights, we introduced an attention feature fusion module (AFF) into the EfficientNet network to replace the addition operation in the mobile inverted bottleneck convolution (MBConv) structure of the network. We selected EfficientNet for modification because, compared with most convolutional neural networks (CNNs), EfficientNet does not require manual adjustment of parameters, which improves the accuracy and speed of the network. Finally, we combined the 2D images and the improved EfficientNet network and tested its performance as an arrhythmia classification method. Our experimental results show that the network training of the proposed method requires less equipment and training time, and this method can effectively distinguish eight types of heartbeats in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, with a classification accuracy of 99.54%. Thus, the model has a good classification effect.
Biodiesel Yield and Conversion Percentage from Waste Frying Oil Using Fish Shell at Elmina as a Heterogeneous Catalyst and the Kinetics of the Reaction
Authors: Takase Mohammed
Published: August 2022

In this study, biodiesel was produced from waste frying oil as feedstock with a calcined fish shell under a heterogeneous solid base catalyst. The process of transesterification was done by varying methanol-to-oil molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The heterogeneous catalyst was prepared stepwise as follows: washing and drying the fish shell for 24 hours at 120°C in an oven, then crushing to form powder having been pound for 2-3 minutes in an agate mortar cleaned with nitric acid (6 N). The powdered fish shell was then calcined at 950°C for 4 hours using a muffle furnace. The calcined catalyst was subsequently kept in a desiccator to avoid encountering moisture. The prepared catalyst was then characterized using XRD and FT-IR. The optimum biodiesel yield of 99.58% was obtained under methanol-to-oil ratio of 10 : 1, catalyst amount of 3.0 wt%, reaction temperature of 60°C, and reaction time of 8 hours with mass transfer control of 600 rpm. The optimum rate of constant of 0.164 L/mol·S−1 was determined using the second-order kinetics model. The constant rate of reaction indicated that the forward reaction is crucial for the reaction. The properties of biodiesel produced conformed with those of the international standard using ASTM D6751.
Modeling the Linkages between Bitcoin, Gold, Dollar, Crude Oil, and Stock Markets: A GARCH‐EVT‐Copula Approach
Authors: Jin Feng , Li Jingwei , Li Guangchen
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to analyze and compare the ability of bitcoin, gold, and dollar to diversify the risk of traditional market such as crude oil and stock markets. Specifically, we model the linkages between bitcoin, gold, dollar, crude oil, and stock markets using the GARCH‐EVT‐copula approach. The results show that the gold market is in the central position among these markets, which is consistent with the status of gold as a major safe asset. Before the outbreak of COVID‐19, bitcoin and the dollar also had the ability to diversify risks, although less effective than gold. However, during the COVID‐19 period, gold loses its dominant position and gold, bitcoin, and dollar can no longer act as a hedge. We measure the value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) of simulated portfolios constructed based on these five markets and use several backtesting methods to check the validity of the risk measures. The backtesting results show that our model can provide accurate risk measures before and within the COVID‐19 period, which may help investors and risk managers construct the optimal portfolios.
Machine and Deep Learning for IoT Security and Privacy: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Bharati Subrato , Podder Prajoy
Published: August 2022

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) connects a number of intelligent devices with minimum human interference that can interact with one another. IoT is rapidly emerging in the areas of computer science. However, new security problems are posed by the cross-cutting design of the multidisciplinary elements and IoT systems involved in deploying such schemes. Ineffective is the implementation of security protocols, i.e., authentication, encryption, application security, and access network for IoT systems and their essential weaknesses in security. Current security approaches can also be improved to protect the IoT environment effectively. In recent years, deep learning (DL)/machine learning (ML) has progressed significantly in various critical implementations. Therefore, DL/ML methods are essential to turn IoT system protection from simply enabling safe contact between IoT systems to intelligence systems in security. This review aims to include an extensive analysis of ML systems and state-of-the-art developments in DL methods to improve enhanced IoT device protection methods. On the other hand, various new insights in machine and deep learning for IoT securities illustrate how it could help future research. IoT protection risks relating to emerging or essential threats are identified, as well as future IoT device attacks and possible threats associated with each surface. We then carefully analyze DL and ML IoT protection approaches and present each approach’s benefits, possibilities, and weaknesses. This review discusses a number of potential challenges and limitations. The future works, recommendations, and suggestions of DL/ML in IoT security are also included.
Methylation Drives SLC2A1 Transcription and Ferroptosis Process Decreasing Autophagy Pressure in Colon Cancer
Authors: Zou Junwei , Li Zhenhan , Xie Jiaheng , Wu Zhaoying , Huang Yujin , Xie Hao , Xu Huiqiu , Huang Yong , Zhou Hailang
Published: August 2022

Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive tract, with relatively high rates of morbidity and mortality. It is the third most common type of tumor in the world. The effective treatment of advanced colon cancer is limited, so it is particularly important to study the new pathogenesis of colon cancer. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic regulated cell death mode driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, a process which has been discovered in recent years. Autophagy involves lysosomal degradation pathways that promote or prevent cell death. High levels of autophagy are associated with ferroptosis, but a clear association has not yet been made between ferroptosis and autophagy in colon cancer. Through the analysis of transcriptome expression profiling data in colon cancer, we obtained the common upregulated genes and downregulated genes by recording the intersection of the differentially expressed genes in each dataset. Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 1 (SLC2A1) was identified by combining autophagy genes obtained from GeneCards and ferroptosis genes obtained from FerrDb. In order to explore the clinical significance and prognostic value of SLC2A1, we utilized massive databases to conduct an in-depth exploration of the methylation of SLC2A1, and we also investigated the differences in immune infiltration between tumor and normal tissues. We found that there are abundant methylation sites in SLC2A1 and that the methylation of SLC2A1 is correlated with the immunosuppression of tumor tissue. We discovered that during the induction of environmental factors, the transcription and methylation levels of SLC2A1 were greatly increased, autophagy and ferroptosis were inhibited, and the immune system was defective, resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. These results suggest that the autophagy and ferroptosis-related gene SLC2A1 is involved in the tumor immune regulation of colon cancer, and SLC2A1 may become a new therapeutic target for colon cancer.
Experimental Study on Shield Tunneling Control in Full Section Water-Rich Sand Layer of Collapsible Loess
Authors: Mei Yuan , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Shumin , Wang Rong , Yang Tong , Zhang Yuhang
Published: August 2022

Taking China’s first application of domestic shield tunneling in a water-rich sand layer for crossing a high-speed railway as research background, the influence of changes in the shield tunneling parameters on ground settlement is analyzed based on field tests, and a construction control method suitable for shield tunneling under a risk source in a water-rich sand layer is proposed. The test results show that the use of 10% sodium bentonite as the soil modifier for soil pressure balance shield tunneling into the water-rich sand layer has advantages, while adding 50% loess into the bentonite slurry in the gravel sand layer can greatly improve the impermeability of the soil; the settlement of soil can be effectively reduced by using the special segment with grouting holes for deep grouting and applying the adaptive transformation of the shield cutter. Based on the statistical analysis results, a reasonable range for the cutter head torque, cutter head speed, chamber pressure, bentonite injection volume, and advanced speed in the water-rich sand layer can provide a construction control basis for similar projects and provide data support for the compilation of relevant specifications.
Intelligent Application of Data Mining Model in Chinese International Education
Authors: Wu Feng
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the effect of intelligentization of Chinese international education, this paper puts forward the application method of the data mining model. Through the collection, transformation, processing, mining, and analysis of a large number of random data generated in education and teaching, this method provides learning suggestions for learners, realizes evaluation and prediction, presents knowledge information for educators, realizes educational decision-making, and realizes the continuous optimization of the teaching process. The experimental results show that the relationship between teachers’ teaching and students’ scores is obtained through the analysis of association rules in data mining technology. The support and confidence of students’ scores taught by teacher B are 28.57% and 72%, respectively, and the support and confidence of students’ scores taught by teacher C are 19.05% and 70.59%, respectively. The two rules are established to a great extent through data association. Data mining technology can effectively optimize the effect of intelligentization of Chinese international education.
Research on Land Utilization Spatial Classification Planning Method Based on Multiocular Vision
Authors: Zhang Zhifei , Wang Shenmin
Published: August 2022

With the development of China’s social economy as well as the accelerating urbanization construction and the expanding scale of cities, the integration of land use and urban land classification based on land use spatial planning has become an important task for the sustainable development of China at present. Land use spatial classification planning is the basic basis for all kinds of development and protection construction activities, and government land use spatial planning at all levels plays an important role in implementing major national, provincial, and municipal strategies and promoting the rational and effective use of land use space. By briefly describing the spatial classification of land use and analyzing the idea of systematic integration of land use, this paper provides guidance and reference for exploring the construction of urban land use classification under land use spatial planning, aiming to improve the classification system of land use spatial planning. A neural network-based land use classification algorithm is proposed for the problems of few labeled samples of remote sensing images with high spatial resolution and feature deformation due to sensor height changes in land use spatial classification planning. By multiscale adaptive fusion of multiple convolutional layer features, the impact of feature deformation on classification accuracy is reduced. To further improve the classification accuracy, the depth features extracted from the pretraining network are used to pretrain the multiscale feature fusion part and the fully connected layer, and the whole network is fine-tuned using the augmented dataset. The experimental results show that the adaptive fusion method improves the fusion effect and effectively improves the accuracy of land use spatial classification planning.
Corporate Marketing Strategy Analysis with Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Nan Haoran , Hu Min
Published: August 2022

In the continuous development of Chinese enterprises, the ability to use reasonable and scientific marketing strategies is directly related to the economic benefits and social development of the whole enterprise and even society. This paper explains the importance of standardized enterprise marketing strategies based on machine learning, and on the basis of grasping the characteristics of large capacity, variety, fast flow, and high value of big data, this paper outlines and analyzes the problems that generally exist in China’s enterprises in machine learning-based marketing, so as to provide improvement ideas for measures to improve enterprise marketing and provide benchmarks for enterprise promotion, in order to achieve a market economy based on machine learning, maximize the overall benefits, and achieve healthy development.
Detection Scheme for Tampering Behavior on Distributed Controller of Electric-Thermal Integrated Energy System Based on Relation Network
Authors: Zhu Chaoqun , Li Jie , Shen Jie , Zhou Lei , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhu Dan , Li Yafei
Published: August 2022

In recent years, with the development of smart grid, the power systems and other energy systems are gradually forming integrated energy systems. The electric-thermal integrated energy system is a mature integrated energy system at present. The electric-thermal integrated energy system uses modern communication technology to realize the comprehensive regulation of electric energy and thermal energy, which greatly improves the efficiency of energy use. However, this also greatly increases the risk of malicious tampering with the energy dispatch system. In this paper, we study the regulation of electric-thermal integrated energy systems considering false data injection attacks. First, we establish a compromised model of an electric-thermal integrated energy system considering false data injection attacks. Then, we designed vulnerable variable observers for different tampering scenarios to observe the tampered variables. Finally, considering the relationship between the observed data and the measured data, we design a tampering behavior detection method based on relation network. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the detection method proposed in this paper.
Isothermic and Kinetic Study on Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Using Anisomeles malabarica Silver Nanoparticles: An Efficient Adsorbent to Purify Dye-Contaminated Wastewater
Authors: Prabhahar M. , Gomathi K. , Venkatesh R. , Stalany V. Mago , Vijayan D. S. , Sassykova Larissa R. , Sendilvelan S. , Priya V. Shanmuga , Jijina G. O. , Selvaraj Rabin
Published: August 2022

Remediation of industrial discharged dyes to the water bodies is much needed in the current scenario. Here in this, we prepared silver nanoparticles using Anisomeles malabarica. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared study, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. All the characterization studies suggested that the formation of silver nanoparticles was successful. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were used as an adsorbent to adsorb the methylene blue. To achieve this, optimum pH of the adsorbent to adsorb the dye was studied, and it was found to be pH 7. The adsorbent dose to adsorb the dye was found to be 0.1 g/L. From the isotherm theoretical studies, it was found that the adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir adsorption, and the [Formula: see text] was found to be 97.08. From the kinetic study, the rate of the reaction follows the pseudosecond-order kinetics with [Formula: see text]. From the study, it was inferred the nanoparticles synthesized can act as a good adsorbent and can be used to purify the wastewater contaminated with methylene blue.
New High‐Order Energy Preserving Method of the Fractional Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Sun Jianqiang , Kong Jiameng , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Jingxian
Published: August 2022

The symplectic structure is given for the fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The Fourier spectral method and the fourth‐order combination average vector field (AVF) method are applied to discretize the structure, and a new format for the fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations is obtained. The numerical experiments are showed to illustrate the property of the new format. The new scheme can maintain the energy conservation property better than the classical symplectic scheme.
Broadband Compact MIMO Antenna Employing CRLH Transmission Lines with High Isolation
Authors: Liu Liangyuan , Shi Xiangqun
Published: August 2022

A broadband and planar multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with pattern diversity is presented in this letter. The four-port MIMO antenna is designed by using a novel metamaterial structure with small dimensions of 60 × 60 × 1.6 mm3. Each radiating element of the MIMO antenna is comprised of composite right/left-hand (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs). Between its four elements, there are four open L-shaped slot loading on the ground plane of the patch antenna system. The antenna obtains the wide frequency range of 2.31–4.99 GHz. In addition, The proposed antenna has an isolation greater than 20 dB between its four elements. The MIMO antenna has excellent bandwidth performance and good diversity properties between elements.
Exploration and Research on the Idea of Ecological Civilization Quality Education for College Students under the Background of “Internet +”
Authors: Chen Genhong
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the effect of ecological civilization quality education (ECQE) for college students under the background of “Internet +,” this paper combines the AHP method to construct an intelligent analysis model. Moreover, this paper introduces the improved analytic hierarchy process and database technology into the ECQE system and uses the AHP algorithm to make the system produce more objective and scientific results. At the same time, the system overcomes the individual subjectivity of decision-makers, improves the effectiveness of decision-making, and makes the entire decision-making process easier to implement. In addition, this paper combines the improved algorithm to construct an ECQE model for college students under the background of “Internet +.” Based on the experimental research results, it can be seen that the ECQE model for college students proposed in this paper has a good effect under the background of “Internet +.”
Towards the Human Right to Climatic Non-Interference
Authors: Almutawa Ahmed
Published: August 2022

This article aims to contribute to the academic debate on how to address international climate-induced human displacements and climate change more widely by proposing the inclusion of a new human right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (udhr). The new right is called the right to climatic non-interference. It consists of two sub-rights, namely, the right not to be subjected to climatic interference by one’s home state and the right not to be subjected to climatic interference by foreign states. First, the content of the right to climatic non-interference is elaborated. The right to climatic non-interference is then contrasted with other existing or proposed environment-related human rights. This is followed by an explanation of the mechanics, significance, and legal effect of adding the new human right to the udhr. Finally, the incentives for states to implement the right to climatic non-interference are considered.
Justice After Covid 19: an Analysis of the Challenges Faced by the Formal Justice Sector in Sri Lanka During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Dissanayake Dinushika
Published: August 2022

The formal justice sector in Sri Lanka is almost entirely reliant on physical interactions within the courtroom. Sri Lanka has committed to providing access to justice for all under both domestic and international law. Unfortunately, substantive access to justice for all continues to elude the marginalised. The global pandemic which emerged in January 2020 has thrown a further challenge on this already burdened system. The litigants, lawyers and judges who had relied on an already flawed system are now further physically distanced from the formal justice system. This means that these actors must now seek to ensure that access to justice is restored, albeit without full physical access to courtrooms. This article examines how Covid-19 challenged the dispensation of substantive justice in the formal justice system in order to suggest ways to mitigate these challenges. It discusses the challenges faced by lawyers and litigants during the period 14 March to 15 November 2020. This includes how the physical aspects of dispensation of the day-to-day caseload were resolved, and the strategies that were practised by lawyers, judges and litigants to circumvent these obstacles and challenges. Drawing on postcolonial feminist critique, information gathered through both primary data (gathering of qualitative and quantitative primary data) and secondary data (desk review of laws, regulations and rules), this article attempts to obtain insights into what challenges were experienced by marginalised communities and how these challenges were mitigated by the justice sector. The author applies the strategies used by persons who engaged with courtrooms in the midst of Covid-19 to the theoretical definitions of what justice should look like in an equal society. The article arrives at an understanding of the dispensation of justice during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Beyond Decisions About a Child and Decisions Affecting a Child in Deportation Cases
Authors: Collinson Jonathan
Published: August 2022

Who should be central to the determination of deportation decisions: parent or child? The state claims an interest in enforcing immigration control by removing the adult. The child, on the other hand, has an interest in maintaining their relationships with both of their parents, as well as the practical and cultural benefits of growing up in the country of their nationality or habitual residence. How to decide between these competing claims is of practical and theoretical importance in human rights determinations under Article 8 echr and Article 3 uncrc. This article investigates the theoretical distinction which is drawn between decisions about a child and decisions affecting a child, and argues that this approach is problematic. First, Article 8 echr is an incomplete vehicle for determining the best interests of the child. Secondly, it reinforces the ‘problematic logical inversion’ found in the European Court of Human Right’s migration jurisprudence.
All Care, No Responsibility
Authors: Kaviani Johnson Afrooz
Published: August 2022

This article examines the duties imposed by international law and domestic legislation to facilitate the reporting of child abuse. With a focus on mandatory reporting legislation in four countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, the article fills a gap in existing literature which largely focuses on the “Global North”. The article elaborates on the complexities of introducing mandatory reporting in countries where the formal capacity to respond to child abuse is constrained and where child protection legislation may not align with the socio-cultural reality. The article posits that mandatory reporting legislation is useful in that it contributes towards an enabling environment to end violence against children. However, such legislation may be tokenistic and potentially undermine the rule of law if it is not accompanied by strengthening of systems of protection and addressing any conflict between formal and informal systems.
Children’s Objections in Hague Child Abduction Convention Proceedings in Australia and the “Strength of Feeling” Requirement
Authors: Fernando Michelle
Published: August 2022

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction creates an exception to the mandatory return of abducted children if the child objects to being returned to their country of habitual residence and has attained an age and degree of maturity at which it is appropriate to take account of their views. The Australian regulations also require that the child’s objection demonstrates a ‘strength of feeling beyond the mere expression of a preference or of ordinary wishes.’ This article examines this unique requirement and how it has been approached by the Family Court. It finds that many Australian judges treat the “strength of feeling” requirement as an additional hurdle that children must overcome before their objection can be taken into account. This approach is contrary to Australia’s international obligations under the Convention. A less restrictive approach, which some other judges follow, is recommended to ensure that the Convention’s primary objective of protecting children is met.
Cephalosphaera Enderlein and Neocephalosphaera De Meyer (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of nine new species and an updated key to their Neotropical species
Authors: RAMOS-PASTRANA YARDANY , MARQUES DAYSE W.A. , RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO
Published: August 2022

Cephalosphaera Enderlein, 1936 and Neocephalosphaera De Meyer, 1994 have a cosmopolitan distribution and they include a few studied species in the Neotropical region. Both genera are entirely unknown in Colombia. One new species of Cephalosphaera and eight of Neocephalosphaera are described from protected areas and from conflict-territories of limited access in Colombia, namely, Cephalosphaera munchiquensis sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional Natural Munchique, La Romelia, Cauca, 2640 m), Neocephalosphaera carinae sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Cabaña Mamarramos, Boyacá, 2855 m), N. grisea sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Quebrada Los Mudos, Boyacá, 2840 m), N. iguaquensis sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, El Nispero, Boyacá, 2730 m), N. muisca sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Boyacá, 2855 m), N. paolae sp. nov. (type locality: San José del Fragua, Caquetá, 1270 m), N. spinifera sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Los Colorados, Alto El Mirador, Bolívar, 400 m), N. spiralis sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Quebrada Carrizal, Boyacá, 3350 m) and N. sumapazensis sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Cabaña Las Mirias, Meta, 735 m). Illustrations and a dichotomic key to the Neotropical species of these two genera are presented.
Studies on chevron crickets: Contribution to the knowledge of Lutosinae/ini taxa (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae)
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , GARCÍA ALEXANDER GARCÍA , CASTELLANOS MARIA DEL PILAR , SARMIENTO JUAN PABLO PRIAS , TAVARES GUSTAVO COSTA
Published: August 2022

In this contribution to the study of chevron crickets, we focus on several taxa of the subfamily/tribe Lutosinae/ini. Historical background was made on the classification of this group. Lutosa is redescribed, defining the generic and specific limits, thus providing a key for identifying the species based on males and another based on females. In addition, two new species are described: Lutosa morsellii n. sp. and Lutosa quaresmai n. sp.; L. marginalis, L. cubaensis and L. goeldiana were redescribed, and L. surda n. syn., was synonymized under L. paranaensis. Other species previously allocated in Lutosa are relocated as follows: Lutosa obliqua and L. azteca are again synonymized under Licodia pallipes; Lutosa inermis is moved back to Dolichochaeta (D. inermis comb. rev.). The genus Neolutosa is studied, grouping three species N. emarginata (with new specimens that rule out its presence in Central America), N. aculeata (with additional specimens, erroneously identified in the past as L. brasiliensis) and N. horribilis n. comb. (this species is transferred from Lutosa). A key to species is also provided. Records for Apotetamenus clipeatus are reported for the Brazilian Amazon and the states of Mato Grosso and São Paulo (Brazil). Finally, the classification of the family Anostostomatidae and the subfamily / tribe Lutosinae/nini is discussed.
Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) IX: One new species of Apterolarnaca Gorochov, 2004 from Guangxi with description of female Apterolarnaca (Apterolarnaca) huanglianensis Bian & Lu, 2021
Authors: ZHANG QIANWEN , LU XIANGYI , BIAN XUN
Published: August 2022

This study provides description of one new species, Apterolarnaca (Bianigryllacris) spiculoproceris sp. nov. (Chinese name: 刺突缺翅Ô­蟋螽), from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The morphological photographs of Apterolarnaca (Apterolarnaca) huanglianensis Bian & Lu, 2021 from Menghai, Yunnan Province are provided and the female sex is described for the first time. The newly founded female is similar to Apterolarnaca (Bianigryllacris) bilobus (Guo & Shi, 2012) in basal area of ventral valvulae with a pair of digitate sclerites, which is proved that reducing the status of Bianigryllacris Cadena-Castañeda, 2019 to subgeneric level under Apterolarnaca Gorochov, 2004 is reasonable. All the specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.
Vascular Aging and COVID-19
Authors: Badaras Ignas , Laučytė-Cibulskienė Agnė
Published: August 2022

Vascular age is determined by functional and structural changes in the arterial wall. When measured by its proxy, pulse wave velocity, it has been shown to predict cardiovascular and total mortality. Disconcordance between chronological and vascular age might represent better or worse vascular health. Cell senescence is caused by oxidative stress and sustained cell replication. Senescent cells acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dysregulation of coagulation and leucocyte infiltration are observed in the aging endothelium. All of these mechanisms lead to increased vascular calcification and stiffness. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can involve the vascular endothelium. It enters cells using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, which are abundant in endothelial cells. The damage this virus does to the endothelium can be direct or indirect. Indirect damage is caused by hyperinflammation. Direct damage results from effects on ACE-2 receptors. The reduction of ACE-2 levels seen during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection might cause vasoconstriction and oxidative stress. COVID-19 and vascular aging share some pathways. Due to the novelty of the virus, there is an urgent need for studies that investigate its long-term effects on vascular health.
Fibrous anisotropy and mineral gradients within the radula stylus of chiton: Controlled stiffness and damage tolerance in a flexible biological composite
Authors: Lee Jung-Eun , Connolly John , Yang Wen , Freychet Guillaume , Wang Taifeng , Herrera Steven A , Murata Satoshi , Dasika Phani Saketh , Montroni Devis , Pohl Anna , Zhu Chenhui , Zhernenkov Mikhail , Wuhrer Richard , Sheppard Leigh , Nemoto Michiko , Arakaki Atsushi , Zavattieri Pablo , Kisailus David
Published: August 2022

Over hundreds of millions of years, organisms have evolved architected structures via precise control over hierarchically assembled components, including the integration of dissimilar materials. One such example is found in the radula system of chitons, intertidal mollusks that feed on algae growing on the rock. Their radula consists of multiple rows of ultrahard teeth, each integrated with a foldable belt-like substrate via a stiff, yet flexible stylus, which is essential for efficient rasping during the feeding process. Here, we investigate the nano and micro-scale components and architectures as well as regional mechanical properties of the stylus, and their subsequent role during the rasping of Cryptochiton stelleri. Three important factors were determined to contribute to the regio-specific stiffness of the stylus: the presence of mineral components, highly oriented chitinous fibers, and a chemically cross-linked protein matrix. All these factors are varied throughout the stylus. There is a high mineral content on the trailing edge close to the tooth and a cross-linked matrix on the leading edge, both with orientational specific oriented chitin fibers that provide force transduction to the tooth. Conversely, there is a significant lack of mineral or cross-linked matrix in the proximal end as well as a low degree of fiber orientation, resulting in a flexible region that can accommodate torsion and flexure during rasping. Understanding the graded composite structure of the stylus and applying this unique design to various engineering fields such as soft robotics, biotechnology, and the medical industry, can inspire the production of high-performance materials.
Whose Choice? A Qualitative Inquiry into Professionals’ Moral Positions on Euthanasia in Belgium
Authors: Yesil Ilay
Published: August 2022

Death, which was once accepted as an incalculable otherworld journey initiated by the cessation of biological functions, became an object of socio-political regulation in late modernity. Euthanasia, a form of managing death and dying, has grown in popularity with accompanying controversy. What remains under-explored, however, are conceptions of selfhood animating different framings in moral and ethical debates around euthanasia from professional perspectives. Drawing on 20 interviews with physicians and other key professionals in the euthanasia field in Belgium, this study finds that moral division among participants lies in different attributes of selfhood related to euthanasia, which emphasize autonomous, social, or embodied aspects. This paper demonstrates that the diminishing role of religion in appeasing existential anxiety about death, combined with an increasing emphasis on choice as the basis of selfhood, facilitates the contemporary desire to control one’s own demise.
The Relation Between Fear of COVID-19, Burnout Levels of Intensive Care Nurses
Authors: Kurt Alkan Tülin , Taşdemir Nurten , Yıldırım Tank Dilek
Published: August 2022

We aimed to examine the relation between the fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety and burnout of intensive carenurses. This cross-sectional and descriptive research was conducted with 116 intensive care nurses. The data were obtained with a web-based questionnaire created with the “Descriptive Information Form”, “COVID-19 Fear Scale”, “Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Short Form” and “Burnout Short Version”. A significant positive correlation was found between depression (r = 0.498, p < .001), anxiety (r = 0.633, p < .001), stress (r = 0.589, p < .001) and burnout (r = 0.299, p = .001) levels of intensive care nurses with a mean age of 30.18 ± 6.55 with the help of the “COVID-19 Fear Scale”. It was determined that the mental health of intensive care nurses was at risk and they reached the level of burnout. Intensive care nurses should be supported in understanding the symptoms of psychological problems and in stress management, personal and professional self-care. Receiving professional mental health support when necessary.
The Relationship Between Thanatophobia Levels and Attitudes Towards Caregiver Roles Among Nurses in the COVID-19 Period
Authors: Bakır Nazife , Şener Çetin Nurdilan , Demir Cuma
Published: August 2022

The current study aimed to determine the relationship between fear of death and their caregiver roles in nurses during the COVID-19. The research data were collected with the personal information form, the Thanatophobia scale, the Scale of Nurses’ Attitudes to Their Caregiver Roles (SNACR), the Google Questionnaire Form. Of the nurses participating in the study, 16.1% were diagnosed with COVID-19. The current study found statistically significant differences among the thanatophobia mean scores of the groups composed according to the variables; age, gender, marital status, job position, voluntarily choosing the profession, satisfaction with the department, having had a COVID-19 diagnosis, personal assessments about their own COVID-19 knowledge, and evaluating the COVID-19 disease as fatal. In addition, there were statistically significant differences among the SNACR mean scores of the groups according to their evaluations about gender, income level, working experience as a nurse, being diagnosed with COVID-19, and their COVID-19 knowledge. The current study found no correlation between the nurses' Thanatophobia scale score and SNACR score.
Predictors of Health-Protective and Helping Behaviors during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Support and Resilience
Authors: Fontes Andrea , Pereira Cícero Roberto , Menezes Sofia , Soares Antonio , Almeida Pedro , Carvalho Geórgia , Arriaga Patrícia
Published: August 2022

The COVID -19 pandemic dramatically affected people’s lives. In this study, we explored the role of social and personal factors underlying individuals’ adaptive responses during the critical onset period of the outbreak. In particular, we tested two models on the mediating role of health-protective behaviors in the relationship between social support, resilience, and helping behavior. A sample of 1085 participants from Portugal and Brazil took part in an online survey during the first wave of the pandemic. First, through an Exploratory Factor Analysis of the health-protective behaviors to prevent contagion by the coronavirus, we identified two distinct dimensions, one aggregating active protective behaviors and the other as avoidant behaviors. Secondly, we found that resilience and active protective behavior sequentially mediated the relationship between social support and willingness to help. In addition, a multigroup analysis showed that this mediational process was similar in both countries. Given the wide range of social and individual factors that may predict prosocial behaviors, we highlight the role of social support on the intention to help through resilience and active protective behaviors.