bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incautaciones, depuraciones y evacuados. El combate ideológico que se vivió en el claustro del instituto Luis Vives de Valencia (1936-1939)
Authors: Ibáñez Tarín Margarita
Published: February 2024

A partir de un documento inédito hallado en el Archivo del Reino de Valencia se reconstruyen las dos principales incautaciones de centros educativos en los años de la II República y se muestra el combate ideológico que enfrentó a los profesores de Segunda Enseñanza en ese tiempo. El instituto Luis Vives se convirtió en campo de batalla ideológica en los años de la guerra civil, una situación muy compleja, que se vivió dentro de un claustro sobredimensionado por la llegada masiva de profesores evacuados, y que se manifestó en una desmedida pugna política, que enfrentó, por un lado a los profesores identificados como fascistas, aunque no siempre lo eran, y por otro, a los antifascistas. En aquellos años se impuso la subversión absoluta del orden establecido por la II República durante su periodo de paz (1931-1936), cualquier profesor podía ser objeto de persecución ideológica y ser depurado.
Framdriftsrapport I
Authors: Mittner Lilli
Published: February 2024

Senter for arktisk humaniora svarer på utfordringene i Forskningsrådets evaluering av humaniora i Norge. Senteret inngår som del av UiTs humaniorasatsing fra 2021 initiert av HSL-fak, UMAK og UB, og er et tiltak for å bidra til å nå målene i utviklingsavtalen med KD når det gjelder styrking av kunnskap i og om Arktis. Den bygger på stortingsmelding Humaniora i Norge (2016-2017), UiTs humaniora strategi (2021) og UiTs strategi Eallju- Drivkraft i Nord: Forskning på arktisk & nordområder, de store samfunnsutfordringer, talentutvikling & mangfold (2022). Universitetsstyret vedtok i november 2021 å finansiere senteret i en fireårsperiode med midler fra UiTs fond for strategisk utvikling og bevilgning fra kunnskapsdepartementet.

Denne rapporten dokumenterer bakgrunn for opprettelsen av Archum Senter for arktisk humaniora og aktiviteter i perioden Juli 2023 til Februar 2024.
miR-138-5p ameliorates intestinal barrier disruption caused by acute superior mesenteric vein thrombosis injury by inhibiting the NLRP3/HMGB1 axis
Authors: Li Yuejin , Ling Ping , Li Yu , Wang Yongzhi , Li Guosan , Qiu Changtao , Wang Jianghui , Gong Kunmei
Published: February 2024

Background

Acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (ASMVT) decreases junction-associated protein expression and intestinal epithelial cell numbers, leading to intestinal epithelial barrier disruption. Pyroptosis has also recently been found to be one of the important causes of mucosal barrier defects. However, the role and mechanism of pyroptosis in ASMVT are not fully understood.

Methods

Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the intestinal tissues of ASMVT mice were detected by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Gene expression levels were determined by RNA extraction and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR). Western blot and immunofluorescence staining analysis were used to analyze protein expression. H&E staining was used to observe the intestinal tissue structure. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidine iodide (FITC/PI) were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assays prove that miR-138-5p targets NLRP3.

Results

miR-138-5p expression was downregulated in ASMVT-induced intestinal tissues. Inhibition of miR-138-5p promoted NLRP3-related pyroptosis and destroyed tight junctions between IEC-6 cells, ameliorating ASMVT injury. miR-138-5p targeted to downregulate NLRP3. Knockdown of NLRP3 reversed the inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis and the decrease in tight junction proteins caused by suppression of miR-138-5p; however, this effect was later inhibited by overexpressing HMGB1. miR-138-5p inhibited pyroptosis, promoted intestinal epithelial tight junctions and alleviated ASMVT injury-induced intestinal barrier disruption via the NLRP3/HMGB1 axis.
DNA mini-barcoding reveals the mislabeling rate of canned cat food in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Yu-Chun , Liu Shih-Hui , Ho Hsuan Ching , Su Hsiao-Yin , Chang Chia-Hao
Published: February 2024

Background

Domestic cats are important companion animals in modern society that live closely with their owners. Mislabeling of pet food can not only harm pets but also cause issues in areas such as religious beliefs and natural resource management. Currently, the cat food market is booming. However, despite the risk that mislabeling poses to cats and humans, few studies have focused on species misrepresentation in cat food products.

Methods

To address this issue, we used DNA barcoding, a highly effective identification methodology that can be applied to even highly processed products. We targeted a short segment (~85 basepairs) of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA (16S) gene as a barcode and employed Sanger or next generation sequencing (NGS) to inspect 138 canned cat food products in the Taiwanese market.

Results

We discovered that the majority of mislabeling incidents were related to replacement of tuna with other species. Moreover, our metabarcoding revealed that numerous undeclared ingredients were present in all examined canned products. One product contained CITES Appendix II-listed shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Overall, we uncovered a mislabeling rate of at least 28.99%. To verify cases of mislabeling, an official standardized list of vernacular names, along with the corresponding scientific species names, as well as a dependable barcoding reference sequence database are necessary.
“It’s okay because I’m just driving”: an exploration of self-reported mobile phone use among Mexican drivers
Authors: Useche Sergio A. , Alonso Francisco , Faus Mireia , Cervantes Trejo Arturo , Castaneda Isaac , Oviedo-Trespalacios Oscar
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Technological advancements have the potential to enhance people’s quality of life, but their misuse can have a detrimental impact on safety. A notable example is the escalating issue of distracted driving resulting from the use of mobile phones behind the wheel, leading to severe crashes and injuries. Despite these concerns, both drivers’ usage patterns and their risk-related associations remain scarcely documented in Mexico. Therefore, this descriptive study aimed to examine the mobile phone usage of Mexican drivers, its relationships to risk awareness and near-miss/crash involvement, and the self-reported underlying reasons for this behavior.

Methods

This cross-sectional study utilized a sample of 1,353 licensed Mexican drivers who took part in a nationwide series of interviews regarding their onboard phone use settings.

Results

A significant percentage of drivers (96.8%) recognize using a mobile phone while driving as high-risk behavior. However, only 7.4% reported completely avoiding its use while driving, with 22.4% identified as high-frequency users. Frequency was also found positively associated with the self-reported rate of near-misses and crashes. Furthermore, qualitative data analysis highlights the emergence of a ‘sense of urgency’ to attend to phone-related tasks in response to daily demands and life dynamics, offering a potential explanation for this behavior.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest common patterns of onboard mobile use among Mexican drivers concerning driving situations and associated risks. This underscores the need for increased efforts to discourage onboard phone use in the country.
Pharmacist-social worker interprofessional relations and education in mental health: a scoping review
Authors: Boylan Paul , Knisley Jamie , Wiskur Brandt , Nguyen Jessica , Lam Kristine , Hong Jisoo , Caballero Joshua
Published: February 2024

Background

One in eight patients is affected by a mental health condition, and interprofessional mental health teams collaborate to improve patient care. While pharmacists and social workers are recognized as mental health team members, there is a lack of literature describing interprofessional relations and education between these professions, especially as it pertains to mental health. The purpose of this review was to identify and characterize reports describing pharmacist-social worker interprofessional relations and education within mental health.

Methodology

To address this knowledge gap, this scoping review was conducted to collect and characterize reports published between January 1, 1960 and August 18, 2023 describing pharmacist-social worker interprofessional relations and education within the field of mental health. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were followed. Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Social Work Abstracts were searched using keywords “pharmacy student,” “pharmacist,” “social work student,” “social worker,” and “social work.” Reports were included if they were published in English and interprofessional relations or education occurred directly between (student) pharmacists and social workers.

Results

Three hundred twenty records were identified and three records were included: one cross sectional study, one qualitative educational project, and one case report. Each record suggested positive patient and/or educational outcomes developing from pharmacist-social worker interprofessional relations and education. In clinical practice, pharmacist-social work teams identified mental health risk factors, reduced 30-day readmissions, and improved post-discharge telehealth care. In the classroom, a social worker improved pharmacy students’ confidence assessing patient suicidal ideations.

Conclusions

This scoping review identified needs and areas for future research: pharmacist interprofessional education with Master of Social Work and Doctor of Social Work degree students, transitional care and mental health outcome measure reporting using evidence-based outcomes, and development of scholarly teaching projects utilizing higher-level educational frameworks beyond learner reactions.
Rifampicin-induced Pancytopenia in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Bansal Yashika , Tangri Nitin
Published: February 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is prevalent throughout the world and is a major public health problem in most developing countries. In India, standardised and Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) under National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) is being recommended currently for drug-sensitive pulmonary TB. TB being a major health issue in developing nations like India, causes enormous death and morbidity every year. Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment (ATT) given for TB has been highly effective in fighting the disease and is generally well tolerated, with few minor side-effects. We report a 76-year-old male who was diagnosed with pulmonary TB and was on first-line four-drug anti-tubercular therapy ATT since seven days. He presented to the emergency department with loss of weight and appetite, chest tightness and vomiting. Liver Function Tests (LFT) was deranged, suggesting ATT-induced hepatitis. After normalisation of LFT, rifampicin reintroduction was initiated. Complete Blood Count (CBC) revealed pancytopenia. In bone marrow biopsy, normoblastic maturation with few micronormoblasts and megaloblast picture was seen that did not reveal any granuloma, thereby ruling out the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Iron profile and vitamin B12 levels were within normal limits. Rifampicin-induced pancytopenia is rare but its possibility should always be kept in mind while treating with ATT.
Relationship Between Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Use and Hearing Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: José Maria Renata , Ortega Jéssica da Silva , Baran Jordana Batista Correia , Lüders Débora , Gonçalves Claudia Giglio de Oliveira , Zeigelboim Bianca Simone , Taveira Karinna Veríssimo Meira , Polanski José Fernando , Santos Rosane Sampaio , Corrêa Camila de Castro , de Araujo Cristiano Miranda
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Chloroquine and its analog hydroxychloroquine are derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline and are regularly used in the treatment of malaria and autoimmune diseases. Among the side effects of these drugs, alterations associated with the auditory system are frequently mentioned. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to systematically review publications on hearing disorders and chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine use.Materials and Methods: Inclusion criteria were observational or interventional studies on audiological assessment in participants who were using chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. The methodological quality was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Meta-Analysis of Statistics: assessment and review Instrument. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool.Results: A total of 1,372 non-duplicate papers were screened, out of which 17 were included in the final qualitative synthesis, and 5 studies in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio for the two subgroups evaluated did not show significance with no heterogeneity between the effects observed between the different diseases (I2=0%) and obtaining the global estimate of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.41–1.39; p>0.05). Despite the inclusion of papers with different disease samples, the heterogeneity observed in the analysis was low (I2= 0%) and prediction interval (95% PI=0.32–1.80; p>0.05) remained close to that estimated by the CI (95% CI=0.41–1.39; p>0.05). The certainty of the evidence assessed by the GRADE tool was considered very low due to the risk of bias, indirect evidence, and imprecision.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine is not associated with hearing disorders.
Double Primary Cancers of Earlobe Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jang Kyung Il , Lim So Yun , Lee Jeon Mi , Jeon Eun-Ju , Lee Hyun Jin
Published: February 2024

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma with a high rate of metastasis. MCC is rarely suspected during clinical examination, thus requiring biopsy to establish a pathologic diagnosis. In addition, MCC sometimes occurs in double primary cancers. Although there have been reviews on double primary cancers, only a few cases involving MCC have been described. Herein, we report a case of a 54-year-old female patient who presented to our clinic with a diagnosis of earlobe MCC following an excisional biopsy performed by another clinic. Further evaluation, including chest imaging, revealed a mass in the lung. The patient underwent a wide excision of the right earlobe, and video-assisted thoracic surgery on the lung. Pathology confirmed MCC in the right earlobe and adenocarcinoma in the lung. The patient underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. Up to this point, 3 years after the surgery, there has been no evidence of recurrence.
Effect of Firm Size and Profitability on Long Term Debt of Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
Authors: Pyoko Oliver Mukweyi
Published: February 2024

Organization expenses result from a company’s utilization of long-term debt in its capital structure. One can also characterize a firm’s size by looking at its assets. In order for a company to draw in investors, its worth increases with its size. The profitability of a business may be enhanced by including long-term obligations in its structure of capital since the interest paid on such debts is deduction for taxes. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the effect of firm size and profitability on long term debt of listed firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study was based on trade off theory and pecking order theory. Secondary data was obtained from the firms from 2007-2011. Panel data was used to analyze data observations. The result indicates that firm size had insignificant effect on long term debt of firms. Profitability had significant effect long term debt. The study recommends that larger firms should leverage their greater access to capital markets to secure long term debts financing at favorable terms, balancing the benefits of debt against potential risks. Firms also with high profitability should encourage internal financing sources to reduce reliance on external debt and minimize financial cost.
The Impacts of Abattoir Wastes on Soil Quality at Ukwunwangwu, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibeaja, Adamma Chinyere E.  , Njoku, Paul C.
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the impact of abattoir waste on the soil quality in Ukwunwangwu, Uturu, Abia State. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of abattoir wastes on soil quality at Ukwunwangwu, Uturu, Abia State. Experimental research design was used and it was carried out at Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria. Three sampling locations were chosen, the bone, dung and slurry sections respectively and two control points labeled A and B respectively. The first set of samples were collected in the morning to ensure freshness and the second set of samples were collected after two weeks making it a total of eight samples used for this study. These samples were collected at different sections so as to know the variations in concentrations of the following important physico-chemical parameters: pH, Temperature, Moisture Content, Soil Organic Carbon, Cation Exchangeable Capacity and Soil Exchangeable Acidity. The temperature was taken in-situ using a mercury-in-glass thermometer. Results of analyses revealed that UK3A had the highest temperature of 35.00C in the first week and also 35.20C after two weeks, control A had the highest pH value of 8.2mg/l in the first week while UK2B had the highest pH of 8.5mg/l after two weeks. Control A had the higher moisture content value of 58.08% in the first week while UK3B had the highest value of 54.81% after two weeks. UK1A had the highest soil organic carbon 30.5 in the first week and also after two weeks. UK3A had the highest soil exchangeable capacity of 0.6 in the first week while UK3B had the highest value of 0.5 after two weeks. UK3A had the highest cation exchangeable capacity of 5.0 in the first week while UK2B had the highest value of 4.8 after two weeks. The correlation between the results was done using the Pearsons Correlation Moment. The experiment will help reduce the impact of abattoir waste on the environment by reducing the effect of global Climate Change and other environmental hazards. The study therefore recommended that strict environmental laws that can help curb the effects of abattoir wastes on the environment be enforced.
Microbial Diseases of Laboratory Animals and its monitoring Tools
Authors: Manivannan Rekha , Chidambaram Tamilselvan , Gopal Ramani , Ebenezer King Solomon
Published: February 2024

Microbial diseases pose significant challenges in experimental research, impacting both animal welfare and research outcomes. The review covers a wide range of microbial pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, that commonly affect laboratory animals. It explores the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations associated with these pathogens, highlighting their influence on experimental results. Extensively discussed about the monitoring assays employed for microbial disease detection in experimental animals. Traditional and modern techniques are considered, including microbiological culturing, serological assays, molecular diagnostics, histopathology, and advanced imaging methods. Regular health monitoring programs for laboratory animals, emphasizing the significance of early detection and intervention to prevent disease outbreaks and maintain animal welfare. Emerging trends and technologies in microbial disease monitoring, such as next-generation sequencing, metagenomics, and high-throughput screening, are also explored. This review aims to provide researchers, laboratory animal professionals, and regulatory authorities with a comprehensive resource for understanding microbial diseases in experimental animals and selecting appropriate monitoring assay. For the Scientists and Veterinarians this overall review gives a glimpse for implementing effective monitoring strategies, identifying and managing microbial diseases, ensuring the well-being of laboratory animals. The synthesis of current knowledge and best practices will enhance the scientific rigor and reproducibility of experimental studies involving animals. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the critical importance of microbial disease monitoring in experimental animals. Robust and accurate monitoring assays enable researchers to effectively detect and manage microbial diseases, safeguarding animal health and ensuring reliable research outcomes.
Sweet Sorghum for Biofuel Production in Sub-Tropical India
Authors: Umakanth A. V. , Paroha Seema , Kumar Ashok , Ranganathan Ananthalakshmi , Swain D.
Published: February 2024

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), a sugar crop with wider adaptation and high potential for bioenergy and ethanol production is expected to meet food, feed, fodder, fuel and fibre demands. It produces high biomass (50-80 t/ha) and alcohol (1500-2800 l/ha) and multiple income opportunities exist with this crop. Some sweet sorghum lines attain juice yields of about 78% of total plant biomass, containing from 15 to 23% soluble fermentable sugars which are composed mainly of sucrose (70–80%), fructose and glucose. Due to its short growing period (3-4 months), it could be cultivated and supplied during the lean period of sugarcane crushing thus extending the crushing period before and after sugarcane crushing and stretch the sugar mill operation. The major advantage with this crop is that no CAPEX is required when used in a sugar mill system as same machinery can be used for crushing and fermentation. It will help farmers to fetch additional income and provide an opportunity for better utilization of industrial facilities during sugarcane off-season. Promising sweet sorghum genotypes developed by ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad are being tested for their suitability to sub-tropical conditions in February and June-July plantings at the NSI, Kanpur to establish a sustainable cropping system. Five sweet sorghum genotypes were tested during kharif 2021 for sweet sorghum productivity traits. The fresh stalk yield ranged from 45-60 t/ha and based on TRS, maximum alcohol percentage in wash was observed in three varieties, i.e., Phule Vasundhara, CSH 22SS and SSV 74 which was 8.4%, 8.38% and 7.8% respectively. Maximum ethanol yield of 53.05 L/T was recorded in CSH 22 SS followed by SSV 74 (50.93 L/T). Phule Vasundhara, with a highest stalk yield of 60 t/ha recorded highest ethanol content of 2837 L/ha followed by CSH 22SS (2780 L/ha) and SSV 74 (2411 L/ha).
Technico-economic Study of the Electrical Part of Drinking Water Supply System in the Village of Garin Maigari, Niger Center
Authors: Mahamadou Ousman , Abdoulkader Haladou Atto , Seibou Boureima , Abdourazakou Maman Hassan , Souley Harouna , Souleymane Illou Issoufa , Ahamadou Abou Salha
Published: February 2024

This study covers the technical and economic aspects of the electrical part of a drinking water supply system in the village of GARIN MAIGARI. This village is located in the Maradi region of Niger. The Mini AEP to be installed in the village has been sized in order to carry out the work. In the Maradi region, the average price of water is 500 FCFA/m3 for thermal AEPs and 375 FCFA/m3 for solar AEPs. On the Garin Maigari AEP, installations need to be monitored regularly to avoid exorbitant repair costs. If all the water were sold, the price per cubic meter would be 87 FCFA. The water supply system is economically profitable from the sale of 40% of daily production. For quantities of water sold at more than 40% of the pump's daily output, the price per cubic meter is therefore less than 220 FCFA. This price provides the necessary financial resources for after-sales service.
Avaliação da qualidade de um programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal em um hospital público do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Ramos Paschoal Dutra Monique , Oliveira da Fonsêca Rodrigo , Fernandes Ferreira Maria Ângela
Published: February 2024

Introdução: a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN) é essencial para a identificação da deficiência auditiva em tempo oportuno. No Brasil, há disparidades entre os programas que fornecem a TAN, apontando para a necessidade de monitorá-los. Objetivo: avaliar os indicadores de qualidade de um programa de TAN em um hospital localizado no Rio Grande do Norte. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, com uso de dados secundários, cuja população consistiu nos nascidos vivos, entre os anos de 2015 e 2019. Foram considerados os indicadores de universalidade, os índices de reteste, follow-up do reteste e encaminhamento para diagnóstico auditivo, a idade de conclusão da TAN, o comparecimento ao diagnóstico e conclusão e o início da terapia fonoaudiológica e adaptação de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual (AASI), calculando-se porcentagens e médias. Resultados: a média do indicador de universalidade foi de 67,2%. Quanto ao reteste, houve variação entre 6,1 e 10,4%, ao passo que o follow-up do reteste oscilou de 38 a 65,4% e o índice de encaminhamento para diagnóstico auditivo, de 0,8 a 1,5%. A porcentagem de neonatos que realizaram a triagem, antes dos 30 dias, foi de 97,4%. Em todo o período estudado, o comparecimento ao diagnóstico e conclusão, início de terapia fonoaudiológica e adaptação de AASI não foram alcançados. Conclusão: no programa averiguado, apenas os indicadores índices de reteste, encaminhamento para diagnóstico auditivo e idade de conclusão da TAN encontram-se dentro do preconizado.
COVID-19, influenza H1N1 e dengue: aspectos epidemiológicos e profiláticos no município de Palmas – TO
Authors: Ignácio Gagossian Débora , Barbosa de Brito Ana Paula , Silva Conceição Dannicia , Fonseca Moreira da Silva Juliana , Barbosa Baptista Anderson
Published: February 2024

Introdução: A COVID-19, a gripe H1N1 e a dengue são doenças que, cada uma na sua intensidade e modo, trazem grandes desafios e preocupações para a saúde nacional. Objetivo: verificar a prevalência da COVID, H1N1 em Palmas-TO.  Metodologia Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com dados primários e secundários, utilizando-se como unidade de análise o Município de Palmas, capital do estado do Tocantins, com base nos registros da COVID-19, da gripe H1N1 e da dengue. Utilização de dados referentes ao período de 2021 a 2022.  Resultados e discussão: em janeiro de 2021, a vacinação contra a COVID-19 foi iniciada em Palmas-TO. Comparando o número de mortes por COVID-19 em Palmas-TO entre as semanas epidemiológicas 1 a 30 nos anos de 2020, 2021 e 2022, fica clara a redução de mortes no ano de 2022 em relação ao de 2021. Ao comparar os casos de dengue e de COVID-19 até a semana epidemiológica 30 do ano de 2022, percebe-se que o pico de casos de dengue ocorreu na 1ª semana epidemiológica com 749 casos e que o pico de casos de COVID-19 ocorreu na 5ª semana epidemiológica com 4211 casos. No período entre 01/06/2021 e 12/07/2022 não foram registrados casos detectáveis de Influenza H1N1 em Palmas, Tocantins. Conclusão: Sobre a correlação da COVID-19 com a dengue, percebeu-se que a pandemia pode ter influenciado negativamente no rastreamento dessa arbovirose.
Violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes na Bahia 2011 a 2020: uma análise dos registros do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação
Authors: Freire Lessia da Fonseca Bispo , Santos Sara Lorena Pereira dos , Lima Alcione Assunção Correia , Cordeiro Técia Maria Santos Carneiro e
Published: February 2024

Introdução: a violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes é considerada um problema de saúde pública com muitos desafios a serem enfrentados e que necessitam de ações preventivas nas comunidades. Objetivo: descrever as notificações de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do estado da Bahia, no período de 2011 a 2020. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo do epidemiológico descritivo realizado com dados das notificações de agravos do SINAN. Foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas e a Variação Percentual Proporcional. Resultados: os dados apontam maior predomínio dos casos de violência no sexo feminino (86,0%), na adolescência (62,6%), com provável autor da violência do sexo masculino (86,6%) e com grau de vínculo como amigo/conhecido da vítima (27,6%), sendo praticada a violência na residência (67,0%) e por meio do estupro (71,7%). Conclusão: a violência sexual com crianças e adolescentes ocorreu com aquelas do sexo feminino,adolescentes, por meio do estupro praticado por agressor do sexo masculino e amigos/conhecidos da vítima. São necessárias ações de educação em saúde e ações sociais para prevenção dos fatores de risco da violência sexual com crianças, adolescentes e seus familiares.
Consumo alimentar de pacientes com câncer de mama acompanhados em um centro de oncologia em Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Santos Jaqueline Conceição dos , Ramos Leila Valverde , Barreto Isabela Cerqueira , Miguel Fúlvio Borges , Ribeiro Iorrana Índira dos Anjos
Published: February 2024

Introdução: o câncer de mama é uma doença causada pelo crescimento desequilibrado de células anormais no tecido mamário. Para o tratamento dessa patologia, o suporte deve ser multiprofissional, a fim de reduzir a morbimortalidade e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. Assim, o acompanhamento nutricional destaca-se como indispensável nesse cuidado, para manutenção do estado nutricional adequado e orientação do paciente quanto às escolhas alimentares. Objetivo: descrever o estado nutricional e o consumo de alimentos in natura, minimamente processados, processados e ultraprocessados de pacientes em tratamento de neoplasia de mama. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo de campo de natureza observacional, com abordagem quantitativa, de caráter transversal e descritivo, realizado em um centro de oncologia localizado em Salvador (BA). Foram incluídos nesse estudo 44 participantes com diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Para avaliação do estado nutricional, foram aferidos peso e altura dos pacientes com posterior cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Em seguida, aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas relacionadas à caracterização da amostra e à frequência alimentar. Resultados: a maioria das participantes apresentou sobrepeso e obesidade(70%), com IMC ≥ 25 kg/m². Quanto à frequência alimentar, constatou-se que os alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados apresentaram maior regularidade de consumo. Já os alimentos processados e ultraprocessados tiveram baixa frequência de ingesta. Conclusão: os dados evidenciaram estado nutricional inadequado das participantes, mesmo diante de consumo alimentar qualitativo apropriado. Isto denota a importância das intervenções dietéticas para ajustar o consumo de forma quantitativa e melhorar o estado nutricional das pacientes.
Nível de conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas em exercício na Bahia sobre os medicamentos antirreabsortivos
Authors: Godinho Costa Wanderley Rocha Flávia , Correia de Araújo Roberto Paulo
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: determinar o nível de informações científicas dos cirurgiões-dentistas que exercem suas atividades profissionais na Bahia, Brasil, sobre os medicamentos antirreabsortivos e as condutas farmacológicas que são indicadas, visando a prevenção de osteonecrose dos maxilares e a terapia das sequelas medicamentosas que possam ocorrer, considerando a titulação acadêmica destes profissionais. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal quantitativo. Nele, foram consultados 339 dentistas por meio do questionário virtual contendo temas de cunho pessoal e profissional, elementos contidos na anamnese realizada e conhecimentos sobre medicamentos antirreabsortivos, incluindo indicações, efeitos adversos e tratamentos aplicados. Foram realizados os testes de qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher para analisar as associações dos dados descritos por frequências absoluta e relativa com o tempo de formado dos profissionais. Todas as análises foram feitas no programa R, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: entre os339 participantes da pesquisa, a maioria era do sexo feminino (76,4%), com faixa etária de 31-35 anos (25,1%). Ademais, uma grande parte dos profissionais tinha graduação em odontologia obtida na categoria Universidade (49,0%), no estado da Bahia (80,5%). Em relação às variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho profissional, aqueles que possuíam maior titulação, foram os que demonstraram conhecimento máximo dos fármacos antirreabsortivos ou revelaram, que de alguma forma, tinham informações sobre os mesmos (p<0,05). Conclusão: os cirurgiões-dentistas da Bahia que têm titulação máxima possuem mais informações científicas sobre os medicamentos antirreabsortivos e procedimentos farmacológicos, o que pode contribuir positivamente para a prevenção da osteonecrose dos maxilares e o tratamento das sequelas medicamentosas que possam ocorrer.
Teoria da Reprodução Social: remapear a classe, recentralizar a opressão [Tithi Bhattacharya]
Authors: Dos Santos Aila Fernanda
Published: February 2024

Resenha do livro Teoria da Reprodução Social: remapear a classe, recentralizar a opressão, de Tithi Bhattacharya (Elefante, 2023).
Profit and pleasure: sexual identities in late capitalism [Rosemary Hennessy]
Authors: Rocha de Oliveira Hiago
Published: February 2024

Resenha do livro Profit and pleasure: sexual identities in late capitalism, de Rosemary Hennessy (Routledge, 2017).
A Teoria da Reprodução Social como um modo de pensar dialético
Authors: Araujo Machado Barbara
Published: February 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o caminho histórico que levou ao desenvolvimento da Teoria da Reprodução Social (TRS), propondo compreendê-la como um modo de pensar dialético. O argumento central do artigo é que a TRS tornou-se uma das abordagens mais profícuas produzidas no seio do marxismo por ter sido resultado de um movimento dialético constante de autocrítica, produzindo novas elaborações a partir da incorporação de críticas e da abertura ao contraditório, que toma como central para entender e transformar a realidade. O artigo propõe, ainda, que esse movimento dialético tem relação com o lugar social subalternizado dos sujeitos envolvidos no desenvolvimento dessa teoria.
Capas da militia: representações da força pública de São Paulo
Authors: Ribeiro Gonçalves Silvane , Moreira Rosemeri
Published: February 2024

A presente pesquisa visou analisar a composição iconográfica das capas da Revista Militia, dentro do recorte cronológico que compreende o período de 1947 a 1964. A revista em questão era o meio oficial de comunicação da Fôrça Pública de São Paulo e estava sob responsabilidade do Clube de Oficiais. A partir da análise das capas e do editorial da revista, buscamos estabelecer séries com os temas recorrentes nas capas, dentre eles: a reminiscência de heróis do passado, a exaltação de São Paulo e da instituição, o uso de imagens femininas, dentre outros. Trata-se de um trabalho relevante no campo da historiografia por integrar os debates sobre imprensa policial e militar, além de estabelecermos um panorama de como o Gênero e Representações de masculinidades perpassam o debate político.
Modeling low‐temperature–induced failure of pressurized pipelines
Authors: Mahgerefteh Haroun , Atti Olufemi
Published: October 2005

The development of a rigorous mathematical model for simulating the processes leading to the transition of an initially stable through‐wall defect into an elongated running fracture in pressurized pipelines is described. The application of the model to the puncture of a gas pipeline followed by its isolation indicates significant and rapid localized cooling of the pipe wall to temperatures well below its ductile to brittle transition temperature. The resulting order of magnitude drop in the fracture toughness coupled with the pressure stresses at the defect plane are shown to lead to catastrophic pipeline failure in the form of a running fracture some 2000 s after its puncture. Significantly, delay in pipeline isolation after its puncture is shown to have a profound effect in circumventing such failures. The above study for the first time quantitatively highlights the importance of taking into account the expansion‐induced cooling effects as a credible failure scenario when undertaking safety assessment of pressurized pipelines. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium complexes containing 2,5‐diphenylpyridine based ligands
Authors: Xu MaoLiang , Li WenLian , An ZhongWei , Zhou Qun , Wang GeYang
Published: October 2005

A series of phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium complexes with 2,5‐diphenylpyridine‐based ligands has been synthesized and characterized to investigate the effect of the simple ligand modification on photophysics, thermostability and electrochemistry. The complexes have the general structure (C∧N)2Ir(acac), where C∧N is a monoanionic cyclometalating ligand [e.g. 2,5‐diphenylpyridyl (dppy), 2,5‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)pyridyl (dmoppy), 2,5‐di(4‐ethoxyphenyl)pyridyl (deoppy) and 2,5‐di(4‐ethylphenyl)pyridyl (deppy)]. The absorption, emission, cyclic voltammetry and thermostability of the complexes were systematically investigated. The (dppy)2Ir(acac) has been characterized using X‐ray crystallography. Calculation on the electronic ground state of (dppy)2Ir(acac) was carried out using B3LYP density functional theory. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level is a mixture of Ir and ligand orbitals, while the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is predominantly dppy ligand‐based. Electrochemical studies showed the oxidation potentials of (dmoppy)2Ir(acac), (deoppy)2Ir(acac), (deppy)2Ir(acac) were smaller than that of (ppy)2Ir(acac), while the oxidation potential of (dppy)2Ir(acac) was larger relative to (ppy)2Ir(acac). The 10% weight reduction temperatures of these complexes were above that of (ppy)2Ir(acac). All complexes exhibited intense green photoluminescence, which has been attributed to MLCT triplet emission. The maximum emission wavelengths in CH2Cl2 at room temperature were in the range 531–544 nm, which is more red‐shifted than that of (ppy)2Ir(acac). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, characterization, thermooxidative degradation, and stability of polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile composites in terms of direct‐current electrical conductivity retention
Authors: Al‐Ahmed Amir , Mohammad Faiz , Rahman M. Zaki A.
Published: October 2005

Electrically conducting composites based on polyaniline and polyacrylonitrile were prepared by two slightly different techniques and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The thermooxidative degradation of the composites was studied by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis techniques. The stability of the composites in terms of direct‐current electrical conductivity retention was studied in an oxidative environment by isothermal and cyclic techniques. The composites were thermally stable under ambient environmental conditions; however, their properties were dependent on the method of preparation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 437–448, 2006
Carbon black‐filled immiscible polypropylene/epoxy blends
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Shifeng , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yinxi
Published: October 2005

Carbon black‐ (CB) filled immiscible thermoplastic/thermosetting polymer blends consisting of polypropylene (PP) and epoxy resin were reported in this paper. The PP/epoxy/CB blends with varied compositions and different processing sequences were prepared by melt‐mixing method. The CB distribution and the relationship between morphology and electrical properties of the PP/epoxy/CB blends were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and extraction experimental results showed that in PP/epoxy blends CB particles preferentially localized in the epoxy phase, indicating that CB has a good affinity with epoxy resin. The incorporation of CB changed the spherical particles of the dispersed epoxy phase into elongated structure. With increasing epoxy content, the elongation deformation of epoxy phase became more obvious and eventually the blends developed into cocontinuous structure. When CB was initially blended with PP and followed by the addition of epoxy resin, the partial migration of CB from PP to the epoxy phase was observed. When the PP/epoxy ratio was 40/60, the percolation threshold was reduced to about 4 phr CB, which is half of the percolation threshold of the PP/CB composite. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 461–471, 2006
Macroscopic and microscopic features of synovial membrane inflammation in the osteoarthritic knee: Correlating magnetic resonance imaging findings with disease severity
Authors: Loeuille Damien , Chary‐Valckenaere Isabelle , Champigneulle Jacqueline , Rat Anne‐Christine , Toussaint Frédéric , Pinzano‐Watrin Astrid , Goebel Jean Christophe , Mainard Didier , Blum Alain , Pourel Jacques , Netter Patrick , Gillet Pierre
Published: October 2005

Objective

To determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), macroscopic, and microscopic characteristics of synovial membrane inflammation, to study the relationship between disease severity and the degree of synovial inflammation on MRI and on macroscopic and microscopic examination, and to look for colocalization of chondral lesions and synovial inflammation.

Methods

Thirty‐nine patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were classified into 2 groups according to the severity of cartilage lesions as revealed by chondroscopy. Group 1 (n = 14) had mild cartilage lesion(s) without exposure of subchondral bone. Group 2 (n = 25) had severe cartilage lesion(s) with focal or diffuse exposure of subchondral bone. Synovitis was evaluated on T1‐weighted MRI sequences according to the degree of synovial thickening on a 4‐point scale (ranging from 0 to 3) in 5 regions of interest. Synovial membrane was macroscopically scored, and biopsies were performed on the 5 preselected sites for histologic scoring.

Results

The mean ± SD synovial thickening score on MRI was 1.55 ± 0.90, with no significant difference between groups 1 and 2. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility of the total synovial score was excellent, and interobserver reproducibility of the MRI grade was good. Synovitis was diffuse and associated with chondral lesions only in the medial femorotibial compartment (r = 0.49, P = 0.001). The degree of synovial thickening on MRI correlated with qualitative macroscopic analysis (rs = 0.58, P < 0.001) and with microscopic features (synovial lining cells [rs = 0.23, P < 0.007], surface fibrin deposition [rs = 0.12, P < 0.01], fibrosis [rs = 0.31, P < 0.006], edema [rs = 0.17, P = 0.07], congestion [rs = 0.30, P < 0.005], and infiltration [rs = 0.46, P < 0.0001]). Fibrin and infiltration parameters were more severe in end‐stage disease (P = 0.009 and P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion

Synovitis may be present from the onset of OA and may be evaluated on MRI. MRI evaluation of synovitis could be used to classify OA patients in clinical trials and could help to identify those who could benefit from synovium‐targeted therapy.
The effectiveness of treating juvenile dermatomyositis with methotrexate and aggressively tapered corticosteroids
Authors: Ramanan A. V. , Campbell‐Webster N. , Ota S. , Parker S. , Tran D. , Tyrrell P. N. , Cameron B. , Spiegel L. , Schneider R. , Laxer R. M. , Silverman E. D. , Feldman B. M.
Published: October 2005

Objective

Childhood dermatomyositis (DM) is often a chronic disease, lasting many years. It has traditionally been treated with long‐term corticosteroid therapy; side effects are often seen. For more than a decade, methotrexate (MTX) has been safely used for the treatment of juvenile arthritis. Here, we report use of MTX as first‐line therapy for DM, along with aggressively tapered corticosteroids, in an attempt to reduce treatment‐related side effects.

Methods

We studied an inception cohort of 31 children with DM who were rigorously followed up in our myositis clinic, and compared them with a control group of 22 patients with incident cases of juvenile DM who received treatment just before we instituted a policy of first‐line therapy with MTX. The mean starting dosage of MTX in the study group was 15 mg/m2/week.

Results

Both groups had similar improvement in strength and physical function; however, the median time during which patients in the study group received corticosteroids was 10 months, compared with 27 months for controls (P < 0.0001). As a result, the cumulative prednisone dose in the study group was approximately half that in the control group (7,574 mg versus 15,152 mg; P = 0.0006). The study group had greater height velocity during the first year of treatment and a smaller increase in the body mass index over the first 2 years. In the control group, the relative risk of cataracts developing was 1.95 (95% confidence interval 1.05–4.17). Side effects of MTX were rarely observed.

Conclusion

Use of MTX in conjunction with an aggressively tapered course of prednisone may be as effective as traditional long‐term corticosteroid therapy for children with DM, while decreasing the cumulative dose of corticosteroids.
Pseudodominant inheritance of the hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome in a mother and her two monozygotic twins
Authors: Hospach Toni , Lohse Pia , Heilbronner Helmut , Dannecker Guenther E. , Lohse Peter
Published: October 2005

Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome (HIDS) is a recessively inherited recurrent fever syndrome. We describe a family of 2 monozygotic twins and their mother with characteristic symptoms of HIDS, but normal levels of IgD and IgA, and with a dominant inheritance pattern. Mevalonate kinase (MK) activity was deficient in both children, and analysis of the MVK gene revealed compound heterozygosity for 2 new mutations, G25G and R277H. Being positioned adjacent to a donor splice site, the G25G mutation was shown by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analyses to cause aberrant splicing of the MVK messenger RNA, thus being disease‐relevant. The mother, who was also symptomatic during her childhood and adolescence, was a compound heterozygote for I268T and R277H. Our findings expand the genetic and ethnic spectrum of HIDS and show that the possible presence of this disease cannot be excluded based solely on inheritance patterns. In each case in which HIDS is clinically suspected, analysis of MK activity and/or the MVK gene (especially exons 9 and 11) should be performed.