bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A geographical assessment of Chariganga and Arpara Beel (wetlands) of Nadia, West Bengal as a habitat of wetland birds
Authors: Mandal Mehedi Hasan , Roy Arindam , Siddique Giyasuddin
Published: November 2021

The present study attempts to assess the impact of human intervention on the population, distribution, and habitat perspectives of the water birds found in and around Chariganga and Arpara ‘Beel’ wetlands, leftover channels of the River Bhagirathi. The point count method was adopted during field surveys conducted from April 2019 to March 2020. These wetlands are the natural habitats for 37 species of wetland birds belonging to 18 families and 11 orders, of which 26 species are residents, three are summer migrants, and eight are winter immigrants. The wetlands also harbour 10 bird species whose population is globally declining over the last few decades. Relative Diversity index unveils that among waterfowls Ardeidae is the dominant family. Species richness reaches its peak in winter, and is least during the monsoon. Empirical observation documented one Vulnerable (Greater Adjutant) and one Near Threatened (Black-Headed Ibis) species residing on the banks and adjoining paddy fields. Indiscriminate extraction of wetland products by local people, along with agricultural expansion towards the waterfront of the wetlands, has deteriorated the health of those wetlands and threatened the existence of waterbirds, especially shorebirds. Populations of 22 species living in water edge areas has changed conspicuously owing to cultural and economic activities of neighboring human groups. We suggest improving the ecological balance of the wetlands and restraining further degradation through proper management to preserve avian diversity.
Successful rescue, medical management, rehabilitation, and translocation of a Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae) in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Jahan Ahmed  , Sorang Tadap  , Millo Tasser  , Koj Rinya  , Ahmed Nekibuddin , Sunil Kyarong
Published: November 2021

We document the rescue of a Red Panda from Yachuli circle, Lower Subansiri district and successful translocation to Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh, India. The head injury was surgically managed under the anaesthetic combination of ketamine and xylazine, and reversed with yohimbine. The animal was successfully rehabilitated and translocated in the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary.
New records of mass seeding Cephalostachyum latifolium Munro (Poaceae) along the mid-elevation broadleaved forest of Sarpang district, Bhutan
Authors: Tenzin Jigme , Nidup Sangay , Dorji Dago
Published: November 2021

Mass seeding of Cephalostachyum latifolium under Sarpang district, Bhutan. However, Bhutan till dates has recorded only two Cephalostachyum species (C.Meanwhile, Meanwhile, recent record of gregarious and mass seeding of Cephalostachyum latifolium bamboo species from the mid-elevation broadleaved forest of Sarpang district in Bhutan has added another new records to bamboo science in 2017.C. In Bhutan, gregarious flowering of C. Therefore, gregarious and mass seeding has immense social, economic and ecological implications to the communities.
An unusual vocalization of Brown Hawk-Owl Ninox scutulata (Raffles, 1822) (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) recorded from Kerala, India
Authors: Riju P Nair  , Tholkudiyil Shine Raj
Published: November 2021

An unusual vocalisation of Brown Hawk-Owl was recorded from Thrissur. It was distinctive continuous calls of the species heard frequently during 2315 to 2345 h. The bird was photographed; spectrogram was prepared from the call. It is a new addition to the existing recorded vocalisation of the species.­­
Phenotypic plasticity in Barilius vagra (Hamilton, 1822) (Teleostei: Danionidae) from two geographically distinct river basins of Indian Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Sharma Sharali , Singh Deepak
Published: November 2021

Truss-based morphometric analysis was used to examine phenotypic plasticity of Barilius vagra (Hamilton, 1822) inhabiting the tributaries of the Alaknanda (Ganga River basin) and Chenab (Indus River basin), two geographically distinct river basins in the Indian Himalaya. Fourteen landmarks were connected to generate a truss network of 90 parameters on the body of fish. Eighty morphometric traits out of ninety morphometric measurements explained statistically significant difference among six sampling locations of Barilius vagra from streams in the Alaknanda and Chenab basins. Discriminant function analysis revealed 82% of Barilius vagra specimens originally classified into their own groups. 95% of the variance was explained by 13 principal components. Morphometric characters (1–6, 1–13, 2–5, 2–6, 2–14, 3–6, 4–6, 4–14, 6–12, 7–8, 7–9, 10–11, and 13–14) contributed greatly in differentiation of B. vagra populations from different river basins. The Alaknanda basin reflected some mixing within populations, which may be due to common environmental conditions and fish migration in these streams. This study will be helpful in framing site-specific conservation and management strategies, such as net mesh size selection, avoiding overexploitation, stock augmentation and food availability for different fish populations.
Recovery of vulture population in roosting and scavenging areas of Bastar and Bijapur, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Dutta Sushil Kumar , Khan Muntaz , P.R.S. Nagi  , Durgam Santosh , Dutta Surabhi
Published: November 2021

Chhattisgarh is home to seven of the nine vulture species in India. One reason for this high vulture diversity is the presence of large herds of bovines numbering over 11 million individuals (ratio of human to bovine population is approximately 0.38), from which carcasses are disposed off in the open for scavengers. The late 1990s saw large scale decimation of vulture population, and since then there have been few studies with no sighting estimates available.  In this study, concurrent sighting records were collected from different locations of southern Chhattisgarh and corroborated to develop conservative sighting estimates for sympatric populations of Gyps bengalensis and Gyps indicus. We present the first report on population recovery, with an estimated 30–35 Gyps bengalensis & 20–25 Gyps indicus in/ around Rudraram of Bijapur and 18 Gyps bengalensis & five Gyps indicus at Jamguda village of Bastar. Krishna Swami Gutta hill is identified as a nesting-roosting habitat for both species, for which six scavenging areas were identified in Bastar and Bijapur districts. The human/bovine population ratio for Bastar is 0.4, similar to the state ratio, while in Bijapur the ratio is 1.07, which justifies considering Bijapur as a conservation refuge. The few vultures that survived the diclofenac catastrophe in wild habitats most likely consumed wildlife carcasses that sustained a residual population. In these areas, the age-old practise of disposing off dead domesticated bovines away from settlements near reserve forests may also have supported the recovery of vulture population.
A modified Delphi approach to nurturing professionalism in postgraduate medical education in Singapore
Authors: Teo Yao Hao , Peh Tan Ying , Abdurrahman Ahmad Bin Hanifah Marican , Lee Alexia Sze Inn , Chiam Min , Fong Warren , Wijaya Limin , Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

Nurturing professional identities instils behavioural standards of physicians, and this in turn facilitates consistent professional attitudes, practice and patient care. Identities are socioculturally constructed efforts; therefore, we must account for the social, cultural and local healthcare factors that shape physicians’ roles, responsibilities and expectations. This study aimed to forward a programme to nurture professionalism among physicians in Singapore.

Methods:

A three-phase, evidenced-based approach was used. First, a systematic scoping review (SSR) was conducted to identify professionalism elements. Second, a questionnaire was created based on the findings of the SSR. Third, a modified Delphi approach, which involved local experts to identify socioculturally appropriate elements to nurture professionalism, was used.

Results:

A total of 124 articles were identified from the SSR; these articles revealed definitions, knowledge, skills and approaches to nurturing professionalism. Through the modified Delphi approach, we identified professional traits, virtues, communication, ethical, self-care, teaching and assessment methods, and support mechanisms.

Conclusion:

The results of this study formed the basis for a holistic and longitudinal programme focused on instilling professional traits and competencies over time through personalised and holistic support of physicians. The findings will be of interest to medical communities in the region and beyond.
Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata (Amaryllidaceae), a new subspecies from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: PAZ DEBLE LEONARDO
Published: November 2021

Beauverdia hirtella comprises two subspecies: hirtella and lorentzii, the former occurs in Uruguay and southern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, while the second subspecies spreads in southeastern Corrientes and eastern Entre Ríos provinces, Argentina. Based on field surveys, study of nomenclatural types and other specimens, and review of literature, the new subspecies Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata is here proposed, being endemic to rocky grasslands in south-central Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The new subspecies differs from the other two subspecies in several aspects, including the glabrous leaves and pedicels, the narrower leaves, and the smaller and nearly spherical or obovate capsules. Beauverdia hirtella subsp. glabrata is here described and illustrated, including comments on distribution, phenology and conservation. The main differences with regards to related taxa and a key to distinguish the taxa of Beauverdia are also provided.
Tillandsia oliveirae (Bromeliaceae): a new species from an inselberg in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: SOUZA EVERTON HILO DE , Leodegario Marcio , AONA LIDYANNE YURIKO SALEME , SOUZA FERNANDA VIDIGAL DUARTE , LEME ELTON M. C.
Published: November 2021

The authors describe, discuss, and illustrate Tillandsia oliveirae, a new species from the inselbergs of the Caatinga biome in the municipality of Itatim, Bahia, Brazil. The new species is similar to T. hofackeri, differing by morphological characters such as larger size of the plant, longer peduncle, more laxly arranged leaves, which are more numerous, and whitish petals. It is an endemic species with a restricted area of distribution, being considered critically endangered (CR) due to illegal extractivism, specifically for regional and international trade.
Bombs in Vilnius: Radicalization of Antisemitic Attitudes and Practices Before World War II
Authors: Judzińska Natalia
Published: November 2021

Bombs in Vilnius: Radicalization of Antisemitic Attitudes and Practices Before World War IIOn the eve of the Holocaust Poland saw enormous acts of antisemitic violence in every aspect of everyday life. This article proposes an analysis of antisemitic acts and actions that under Polish rule took place in Vilnius. In early 1937, the city witnessed a wave of antisemitic bomb attacks. Vilnius violence is set in the context of pogroms in other cities, but it remains an example and a specific model of unconditional radicalization of both nationalist attitudes and practices among Poles from different classes and social strata. The study focuses on the participation of students, prospective or actual members of the intelligentsia, in this “festival of violence”, and analyzes those events within the concepts of pogrom and Victor Turner’s social drama. Bomby w Wilnie. Radykalizacja postaw i praktyk antysemickich przed II wojną światowąW przededniu Zagłady przez Polskę przetacza się fala przemocy antysemickiej o charakterze pogromowym, która widoczna jest w niemalże każdym aspekcie życia codziennego. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia analizę aktów i działań antysemickich, które zdarzyły się w Wilnie pod rządami polskimi. Na początku roku 1937 miasto zmierzyło się z serią zamachów bombowych. Chociaż omówiona przemoc osadzona jest w kontekście sytuacji w innych miastach, pozostaje jednak i przykładem, i swoistym wzorem bezwarunkowej radykalizacji nacjonalistycznych postaw i praktyk wśród nieżydowskich Polaków i Polek pochodzących z różnych klas i warstw społecznych. Autorka koncentruje się w badaniach głównie na udziale studentów – przyszłych członków inteligencji – w tym „festiwalu przemocy” i analizuje opisywane wydarzenia w ramach koncepcji pogromu oraz Turnerowskiego dramatu społecznego.
Short Observation Period and Aggressive Discharge of Patients With Head Injury and Serial CT Scans
Authors: Perkins Jordan , Shreffler Jacob , Kamenec Danielle , Bequer Alexandra , Ziemba Corey , O'Brien Dan , Shoff Hugh , Smith Jason , Nash Nicholas , Huecker Martin
Published: November 2021

Background: Many patients undergo two head computed tomography (CT) scans after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Radiographic progression without clinical deterioration does not usually alter management. Evidence-based guidelines offer potential for limited repeat imaging and safe discharge. This study characterizes patients who had two head CTs in the Emergency Department (ED), determines the change between initial and repeat CTs, and describes timing of repeat scans.

Methods: This retrospective series includes all patients with head CTs during the same ED visit at an urban trauma center between May 1st, 2016 and April 30th, 2018. Radiographic interpretation was coded as positive, negative, or equivocal.

Results: Of 241 subjects, the number of positive, negative, and equivocal initial CT results were 154, 50, and 37, respectively. On repeat CT, 190 (78.8%) interpretations were congruent with the original scan. Out of the 21.2% of repeat scans that diverged from the original read, 14 (5.8%) showed positive to negative conversion, 1 (.4%) showed positive to equivocal conversion, 2 (.88%) showed negative to positive conversion, 20 (8.3%) showed equivocal to negative conversion, and 14 (5.8%) showed equivocal to positive conversion. Average time between scans was 4.4 hours, and median length of stay was 10.2 hours.

Conclusions: In this retrospective review, most repeat CT scans had no new findings. A small percentage converted to positive, rarely altering clinical management. This study demonstrates the need for continued prospective research to update clinical guidelines that could reduce admission and serial CT scanning for mild TBI.
Unsolicited Sexts and Unwanted Requests for Sexts: Reflecting on the Online Sexual Harassment of Youth
Authors: Mishna Faye , Milne Elizabeth , Cook Charlene , Slane Andrea , Ringrose Jessica
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this qualitative study was to obtain youth perspectives on consensual and non-consensual sexting. We began this study on young people’s (12–19) sexting practices in a large urban center. Before the study was put on pause due to COVID-19 physical distancing measures, we conducted 12 focus groups with 62 participants (47 girls, 15 boys). A key finding was that many girls had received unsolicited sexts (e.g., “dick pics”) or unwanted requests for sexts. Analysis revealed four interconnected themes: (1) unsolicited sexts; (2) unwanted requests for sexts; (3) complexity associated with saying “no”; and (4) general lack of adult support. Using our findings from before COVID-19, we discuss the potential impact of COVID-19 on teens’ sexting experiences and outline the ways in which social workers and other mental health practitioners can support adolescents and their parents in navigating this new context of sexting during and beyond the global pandemic.
Delivering the Same Intervention to Hispanic/Latinos With Pre-diabetes and Diabetes. Early Evidence of Success in a Longitudinal Mixed Method Study
Authors: Joachim-Célestin Maud , Gamboa-Maldonado Thelma , Dos Santos Hildemar , Montgomery Susanne B
Published: November 2021

Background

Despite nationwide efforts to address the diabetes epidemic and reduce prevalence disparities, higher rates persist among the poor, especially those with limited literacy. Currently, individuals with abnormal glycemia who have pre-diabetes and diabetes qualify for different programs. However, evidence suggests that, for low-income Hispanic/Latinos, offering a single intervention to all those with abnormal glycemia may provide a more culturally acceptable and effective approach. Our objective was to explore the feasibility of such an intervention led by community health workers (CHWs) among low-income Hispanic/Latinos with diabetes and at risk for diabetes.

Methods

Using a quasi-experimental mixed method design, we assessed weight, glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes knowledge, and behavior changes of Hispanic/Latinos participants with pre-diabetes and diabetes living in Southern California. Biometric measurements, blood tests, and surveys were collected at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. Interviews and focus group discussions provided qualitative data.

Results

Although the program was less costly, results exceeded those reported for low-income H/L attending the National Diabetes Prevention Program and did not differ between pre-diabetes and diabetes groups. Instead, including individuals at different stages of the dysglycemic spectrum seemed to have enhanced the intervention. Physician referral and attendance of family/friends were associated with better outcomes.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that a joint prevention/self-management intervention led by CHWs for low-income Hispanic/Latinos with diabetes and with pre-diabetes is feasible and cost-effective, providing results that could help reduce the success gap. Incorporating suggestions and replicating this study on a larger scale could help determine whether or not results are reproducible.
When Institutions Fail: Communitarianism and Spotlight
Authors: Painter Chad , Scherb Alexandra
Published: November 2021

Communitarians argue that social identity is formed through the connection between individuals and their communities. The purpose of this study is to examine how the institution of journalism functions as part of a larger community. Media influence and are influenced by the larger social, cultural, legal, political, and economic systems in which they operate. This textual analysis focused on the breakdown of four Boston institutions—the Catholic Church, the police force, the justice system, and the daily newspaper—depicted in the film Spotlight. These institutions failed their community, allowing decades of sexual abuse to go unrecognized and unpunished—at least until the Spotlight team investigated allegations against Catholic priests. Through the lens of communitarian ethics, the researchers argue that stakeholders must recognize the need for a strong community from which the press can report, explain, correct, and connect.
Sociology versus economics: Economic life as social fact and social struggle
Authors: Coburn Elaine
Published: November 2021

This review essay critically engages with recent works by Mark Granovetter, an American sociologist whose articles about social networks are among the most cited in the history of the discipline, and Thomas Piketty, a French economist whose early, illustrious career turned to worldwide public recognition with the publication of le Capital au XXieme siècle in 2015. The contrast is therefore between a well-known sociologist, one of the foremost scholars in economic sociology in the English language, and an economist of international renown who has challenged mainstream economics with his research on economic inequality and his call for participatory public involvement in economic decision-making. Both insist on the economic as social, but in distinctive ways. In this essay, first, I consider Granovetter’s long-awaited Society and Economy: Framework and Principles and Piketty’s recent Capital et idé ologie, a follow-up to his earlier, best-selling book, on their own terms. Second, I think through how each scholar might understand and critique the other, pointing to complementarities and important differences in their approaches. I conclude that although both Granovetter and Piketty challenge mainstream economistic accounts of economic life, while emphasizing human agency and so the contingency of given economic relationships, they differ significantly in their respective analytical and political-normative focus. For Granovetter, what matters is that economic life is a social fact, while for Piketty it is a social struggle.
From geographical pluralism to discourse pluralism
Authors: Xie Lizhong
Published: November 2021

Like other pluralists, geographical pluralists oppose Western intellectual hegemony and advocate the diversity of sociological knowledge. Such appeals are reasonable and justified, but they give up the universality of knowledge while pursuing the diversity of knowledge, implicitly creating the danger of fragmenting knowledge. On the contrary, from the standpoint of discourse constructivism, a discourse pluralism can be constructed to enable us to not only deconstruct the intellectual hegemony of Western sociology but also pursue universal sociological knowledge.
Effect of buddy-style intervention on exercise adherence in community-dwelling disabled older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takeda Hiromichi , Takatori Katsuhiko
Published: November 2021

Objective

To assess the preliminary effects of a buddy-style intervention to improve exercise adherence.

Design

A parallel-group, open-label, pilot randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Adult day-care centers.

Participants

Sixty-five disabled older adults.

Interventions

All participants underwent a 12-week home exercise program, and the intervention group received a 5–10 min buddy-style intervention between older adults in the intervention group once weekly at an adult day-care center.

Main measures

Based on the exercise log calendar, the number of days of exercise was assessed for each of the three phases: 1–4 weeks, 5–8 weeks, and 9–12 weeks. Short physical performance battery was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks.

Results

Of the 590 screened older adults, 65 were recruited and 33 were assigned to the intervention group. One participant in each group withdrew before the program began, and four and five patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively, dropped out by the 12-week assessment. Analysis of covariance of the 28 and 26 patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively, for whom exercise log calendars could be retrieved, showed that the intervention group (24.4/28 days) exercised significantly more days than the control group (20.6/28 days) at 9–12 weeks ( P = 0.009). In the between-group effect of the intention-to-treat analysis of short physical performance battery, walking and standing test ( P = 0.790, P = 0.829) were not significantly different, and balance test ( P = 0.049) was significantly better in the control group.

Conclusions

There was a preliminary effect of the buddy-style intervention to improve exercise adherence.
Physical therapy exerts sub-additive and suppressive effects on intracerebral neural stem cell implantation in a rat model of stroke
Authors: Ghuman Harmanvir , Perry Nikhita , Grice Lauren , Gerwig Madeline , Moorhead Jeffrey , Nitzsche Franziska , Poplawsky Alexander John , Ambrosio Fabrisia , Modo Michel
Published: November 2021

Intracerebral cell therapy (CT) is emerging as a new therapeutic paradigm for stroke. However, the impact of physical therapy (PT) on implanted cells and their ability to promote recovery remains poorly understood. To address this translational issue, a clinical-grade neural stem cell (NSC) line was implanted into peri-infarct tissue using MRI-defined injection sites, two weeks after stroke. PT in the form of aerobic exercise (AE) was administered 5 × per week post-implantation using a paradigm commonly applied in patients with stroke. A combined AE and CT exerted sub-additive therapeutic effects on sensory neglect, whereas AE suppressed CT effects on motor integration and grip strength. Behavioral testing emerged as a potentially major component for task integration. It is expected that this study will guide and inform the incorporation of PT in the design of clinical trials evaluating intraparenchymal NSCs implantation for stroke.
Antimicrobial prescribing and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in Australian hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Robert Lawless , Mark Vickers , Moayed Alawami , Nivashen Appasamy , Vinod Rajasingam , Sophie Paviour , Mohamed El Washahy , Rusheng Chew
Published: November 2021

Objective

We aimed to assess prescribing practices, compliance with guidelines, and outcomes for patients who were admitted to the authors’ institution with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods

We performed a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study of adults with CAP presenting during the 2019 influenza season. CAP severity was assessed using the CURB-65 risk score. The effect of CURB-65 risk score use on the rate of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing was assessed using the chi-square test and reported as odds ratio (OR). Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the relationship between prescribing appropriateness and patient outcomes.

Results

Patients with low-risk CAP were most likely to be inappropriately prescribed antimicrobials (OR: 4.77; 95% confidence interval: 2.44–10.47). In low-risk CAP, the most common prescribing error was overuse of ceftriaxone. In high-risk CAP, the most common errors were ceftriaxone underdosing and missed atypical coverage with azithromycin. Overall, 80% of patients were considered to have been inappropriately prescribed antimicrobials. No effect on mortality was observed.

Conclusions

In this study, we found low use of CAP risk scores and low adherence to antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for CAP at the authors’ institution.
Facing the Ties That Bind: Understanding Experiences of Men With An Incarcerated Romantic Partner
Authors: Dutcher Thomas , Barnes-Ceeney Kevin
Published: November 2021

This study examines what it means to be a man with an incarcerated romantic partner. Despite recognition that those experiencing familial incarceration are a heterogeneous group, the extant literature lacks a clear focus of the experience of men with incarcerated romantic partners. Using a phenomenological design, the researchers interviewed seven men with incarcerated romantic partners to explicate the essential structures of their lived experience. The interviews are explicated into six essences illuminating the experience of being a man with an incarcerated partner. Identified essences explored are: embodying the social tie facilitator, love and commitment living in future time, the sense of something missing, felt confinement, and the new normal. Fifteen additional sub-themes are discussed. These findings inform implications for both future research and policies that can aid in maintaining the ties that bind during familial incarceration.
Influence of Age on Signal Intensity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Outcomes in Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparisons Among Different Age Groups
Authors: Saito Masahiko , Morikawa Tsuguo , Iwasaki Junichi , Hosokawa Hiroaki , Sakamoto Takuya , Nakagawa Koichi , Sasho Takahisa
Published: November 2021

Background:

Thus far, the clinical results of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have been observed to be comparable between young and older patients. In contrast, age-related changes in the structural and mechanical properties of tendons used for autografts have been described. However, age-related changes associated with graft maturation remain poorly understood.

Hypotheses:

The hypotheses of this study were that (1) clinical outcomes after ACL reconstruction would be comparable between younger and relatively older patients and (2) younger patients would show lower signal intensity changes on magnetic resonance imaging scans indicative of graft maturation that would be better than that in relatively older patients.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 236 patients who underwent double-bundle ACL reconstruction via the outside-in technique using hamstring autograft between January 2012 and December 2015. The patients were categorized by age into 3 groups: <20 years old, 20 to 39 years old, and ≥40 years old. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner activity scale, Lysholm score, and objective assessment of joint laxity 24 months after surgery. In addition, graft maturation was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging–derived measures of the signal intensity ratio (SIR) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Clinical outcomes and graft maturation were compared among the 3 groups.

Results:

The SIR of both bundles increased from 3 months to 12 months and decreased by 24 months, showing the same tendency in all groups. No significant difference was found in the SIR among the 3 groups at any time point ( P > .05). The IKDC score was significantly lower in the ≥40-year group than in the <20-year group ( P < .01). In contrast, no significant differences were noted in other clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:

Patients aged ≥40 years exhibited lower IKDC scores compared with younger patients, although the results of graft maturation were comparable.
Forecasting e-waste recovery scale driven by seasonal data characteristics: A decomposition-ensemble approach
Authors: Mohsin AKM , Hongzhen Lei , Masum Iqbal Mohammed , Salim Zahir Rayhan , Hossain Alamgir , Al Kafy Abdullah
Published: November 2021

Forecasting the scale of e-waste recycling is the basis for the government to formulate the development plan of circular economy and relevant subsidy policies and enterprises to evaluate resource recovery and optimise production capacity. In this article, the CH-X12 /STL-X framework for e-waste recycling scale prediction is proposed based on the idea of ‘decomposition-integration’, considering that the seasonal data characteristics of quarterly e-waste recycling scale data may lead to large forecasting errors and inconsistent forecasting results of a traditional single model. First, the seasonal data characteristics of the time series of e-waste recovery scale are identified based on Canova–Hansen (CH) test, and then the time series suitable for seasonal decomposition is extracted with X12 or seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on loess (STL) model for seasonal components. Then, the Holt–Winters model was used to predict the seasonal component, and the support vector regression (SVR) model was used to predict the other components. Finally, the linear sum of the prediction results of each component is used to obtain the final prediction result. The empirical results show that the proposed CH-X12/STL-X forecasting framework can better meet the modelling requirements for time-series forecasting driven by different seasonal data characteristics and has better and more stable forecasting performance than traditional single models (Holt–Winters model, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model and SVR model).
The Likelihood of Early Guilty Pleas Following Digitally Recorded Victim Statements for Family Violence
Authors: Walton Darren , Ellwood Ross , Martin Samara
Published: November 2021

This study follows 4715 Family Harm cases for which charges are laid (from around 15,000 events from 2018–2020). Comparisons are made between cases where a digitally recorded victim video statement (VVS) is taken to those who (1) make a written statement, (2) refuse to make any statement and (3) present at the public counter and make a written statement. Findings indicate that VVS increases the rates of an early guilty plea by 95% (OR = 1.95, LCL = 1.34, UCL = 2.7) compared to those who decline a VVS and have a written statement. No difference is observed for those presenting to report an event at a public counter. A more modest effect is observed comparing those who refuse a statement altogether (OR = 1.28, LCL = 1.03, UCL = 1.60). A VVS is nearly twice as likely to lead to an early guilty plea. It is reasoned that there is a poor rate of guilty pleas for written statements, rather than an elevation in rates for VVS. Age and gender are unrelated to the elevated rate of pleading guilty to a VVS. Event seriousness is inversely related to pleading guilty, whereas having many prior convictions or being remanded increases the likelihood of the guilty plea.
Truer Facts Through Stronger Values: Confronting Science's Sociopolitical Realities
Authors: Eisenberg-Guyot Nadja , Eisenberg-Guyot Jerzy
Published: November 2021

Assaults on science have led scientists to demand “politics-free/values-free” science that safeguards science against error by grounding it in “politically neutral” evidence. Considering racial disparities in lead poisoning, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19, we show the solution is doomed. Politically charged beliefs are essential for assessing public-health research; thus, the beliefs’ truth affects the research's accuracy. However, science's sociopolitical uses systematically distort politically charged beliefs. Since errors assimilate into our scientific corpus and inform new hypotheses, scientists need accurate sociopolitical theories of distorting forces to identify errors. Analyzing Black-Panther opposition to violence research, we argue since racial disparities structure society and science has been distorted to buttress racial inequities, knowledgeable anti-racist scientists exert corrective forces on research. They hold accurate politically charged beliefs about sociopolitical forces shaping science and health, and are committed to eradicating distortions. Thus, rather than quarantining politically charged beliefs, scientists should sharpen their sociopolitical theories and normative commitments.
“They’re Not Willing To Accommodate Deaf patients”: Communication Experiences of Deaf American Sign Language Users in the Emergency Department
Authors: James Tyler G. , Coady Kyle A. , Stacciarini Jeanne-Marie R. , McKee Michael M. , Phillips David G. , Maruca David , Cheong JeeWon
Published: November 2021

Deaf people who use American Sign Language (ASL) are more likely to use the emergency department (ED) than their hearing English-speaking counterparts and are also at higher risk of receiving inaccessible communication. The purpose of this study is to explore the ED communication experience of Deaf patients. A descriptive qualitative study was performed by interviewing 11 Deaf people who had used the ED in the past 2 years. Applying a descriptive thematic analysis, we developed five themes: (1) requesting communication access can be stressful, frustrating, and time-consuming; (2) perspectives and experiences with Video Remote Interpreting (VRI); (3) expectations, benefits, and drawbacks of using on-site ASL interpreters; (4) written and oral communication provides insufficient information to Deaf patients; and (5) ED staff and providers lack cultural sensitivity and awareness towards Deaf patients. Findings are discussed with respect to medical and interpreting ethics to improve ED communication for Deaf patients.
Wave amplitude of embedded ultrasonic transducer-based damage monitoring of concrete due to steel bar corrosion
Authors: Zhang Shunquan , Jia Zijian , Xiong Yuanliang , Cao Ruilin , Zhang Yamei , Banthia Nemkumar
Published: November 2021

In this research, four embedded ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers were combined to form cross pair and opposite pair monitoring schemes for continuously monitoring the damage to different strength grades of concrete caused by the corrosion of reinforcements under accelerated corrosion conditions. The damage process was analyzed by combining the electrochemical effects of steel corrosion, that is, half-cell potential and galvanic current tests. Results show that the embedded ultrasonic transducer method can detect damage of concrete during steel corrosion and that each stage of damage can be determined from the plots of ultrasonic transducer data versus corrosion rate. The results further indicate that a combination of cross pair and opposite pair testing methods can more comprehensively reflect the damage to concrete caused by the expansion of corrosion of steel bars, than a single testing method. Since electrochemical testing can only depict the corrosion state of steel rebars, it is beneficial to use embedded ultrasonic measurements to monitor the damage process of concrete. The differences in damage between different strength grades of concrete, that is, the resistance to corrosion of steel bars and brittle failure, can be obtained from the plots of ultrasonic transducer data.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: A Literature Review
Authors: Cao Luchang , Wang Xinmiao , Zhu Guanghui , Li Shixin , Wang Heping , Wu Jingyuan , Lu Taicheng , Li Jie
Published: November 2021

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Western medicine has played a leading role in its treatment, but its prognosis remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the development of effective therapies is important. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years, and involves taking measures before diseases occur, deteriorate, and recur. Interestingly, there is growing evidence that TCM can improve the therapeutic effects in reversing precancerous lesions, inhibiting the recurrence and metastasis of EC. In this article, we review traditional Chinese herbs and formulas that have preventive and therapeutic effects on EC, summarize the application and research status of TCM in patients with EC, and discuss its shortcomings and prospects in the context of translational, evidence-based, and precision medicine.
Monitoring Physical Activity Intensity During Pregnancy
Authors: Evenson Kelly R. , Hesketh Kathryn R.
Published: November 2021

For apparently healthy pregnant women, regular physical activity is recommended. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) created recommendations for physical activity and exercise during pregnancy in 1985. At that time, pregnant women were advised to not exceed a heart rate of 140 beats per minute with physical activity. The heart rate recommendation was subsequently removed with the recommendations published in 1994, 2002, and 2015. In 2020, the ACOG updated its recommendations on physical activity for pregnant and postpartum women. The recommendation included exercising at a “fairly light to somewhat hard” perceived intensity and at less than 60–80% of age-predicted maximum heart rate, usually not exceeding a heart rate of 140 beats per minute. Women often seek advice from healthcare providers on physical activity during pregnancy, yet providers report concern about giving appropriate physical activity guidance. This paper summarizes the key scientific literature on monitoring absolute and relative exercise intensity in relation to the current ACOG recommendations, providing background on intensity-related concepts used in the recommendation. This paper also provides practical guidance to assist healthcare providers in relaying this information to pregnant women.
First report of isolation of antibacterial ceramides from the leaves of Euclinia longiflora Salisb
Authors: Munvera Aristide , Nyemb Jean Noël , Alfred Ngenge Tamfu , Mafo Marcelle Aude Fokam , Nuzhat Shelha , Nkengfack Augustin Ephraim
Published: November 2021

Two phytosphingosine-type ceramides (euclinide A (1) and B (2)) were isolated alongside one fatty acid (geddic acid (3)), one fatty acid-1-glyceride ((2 S)-1- O-hentriacontanoyl glycerol (4)), ten triterpenes ( α-amyrin (5), α-amyrin acetate (6), ursolic acid (7), β-amyrin (8), β-amyrin acetate (9), β-amyrin palmitate (10), oleanic acid (11), maslinic acid (12), betulinic acid (13) and cylicodiscic acid (14)) and four sterols ( β -sitosterol (15), stigmasterol (17), and their glucosylated derivatives β-sitosterol-3-O- β-glucopyranoside (16) and stigmasterol-3-O- β-glucopyranoside (18)) from the methanol extract of the leaves of Euclinia longiflora Salisb. using routine chromatographic methods. The structures of the new ceramides and known compounds were determined by analyses of HR-FAB-MS, 1D and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) data and confirmed, where applicable, by comparison with data reported in literature. The methanolic extract and the ceramides were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against different bacterial strains using microdilution method and the MIC values ranged from 6.25 to 50 μg/mL and were considered as moderate activity compared to ciprofloxacin. It is the first report of ceramides in Euclinia longiflora.
Diagnostic value of gadolinium contrast administration for spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis patients and correlative markers of lesion enhancement
Authors: Karimian-Jazi Kianush , Neuberger Ulf , Schregel Katharina , Brugnara Gianluca , Schwarz Daniel , Jäger Laura Bettina , Wick Wolfgang , Bendszus Martin , Breckwoldt Michael O.
Published: November 2021

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging is essential for monitoring people with multiple sclerosis, but the diagnostic value of gadolinium contrast administration in spine magnetic resonance imaging is unclear.

Objective

To assess the diagnostic value of gadolinium contrast administration in spine magnetic resonance imaging follow-up examinations and identify imaging markers correlating with lesion enhancement.

Methods

A total of 65 multiple sclerosis patients with at least 2 spinal magnetic resonance imaging follow-up examinations were included. Spine magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 Tesla with a standardized protocol (sagittal and axial T2-weighted turbo spin echo and T1-weighted post-contrast sequences). T2 lesion load and enhancing lesions were assessed by two independent neuroradiologists for lesion size, localization, and T2 signal ratio (T2 signallesion/T2 signalnormal appearing spinal cord).

Results

A total of 68 new spinal T2 lesions and 20 new contrast-enhancing lesions developed during follow-up. All enhancing lesions had a discernable correlate as a new T2 lesion. Lesion enhancement correlated with a higher T2 signal ratio compared to non-enhancing lesions (T2 signal ratio: 2.0 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.2, **** p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed an optimal cutoff value of signal ratio 1.78 to predict lesion enhancement (82% sensitivity and 97% specificity).

Conclusion

Gadolinium contrast administration is dispensable in follow-up spine magnetic resonance imaging if no new T2 lesions are present. Probability of enhancement correlates with the T2 signal ratio.
Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 despite SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rose Deja R , Mahadeen Ahmad Z , Carlson Alise K , Planchon Sarah M , Sedlak Jennifer , Husak Scott , Bermel Robert A , Cohen Jeffrey A , Moss Brandon P
Published: November 2021

Background

Several studies have demonstrated reduced serological response to vaccines in patients treated with anti-CD20 agents. However, limited data exist surrounding the clinical effect of disease modifying therapy (DMT) use on vaccine efficacy.

Objectives

To investigate breakthrough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in vaccinated people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) on DMT.

Methods

PwMS on DMT diagnosed with COVID-19 after full vaccination were identified from an existing Cleveland Clinic COVID-19 registry, supplemented by provider-identified cases. Demographics, disease history, DMTs, comorbidities, exposures, vaccination status, and COVID-19 outcomes were confirmed by review of the electronic medical record.

Results

Thirteen (3.8%) of 344 fully vaccinated people with multiple sclerosis on disease modifying therapy were diagnosed with COVID-19 after vaccination. Ten patients (76.9%) were on an anti-CD20 therapy, the remaining 3 (23.1%) on fingolimod. Only 2 patients (15.4%), both on anti-CD20 therapy, required hospitalization and steroid treatment. Neither required Intensive Care Unit admission.

Conclusion

Patients treated with anti-CD20 agents and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators may still be at risk for COVID-19 despite vaccination. While still at risk for hospitalization, intubation and death from COVID-19 appear rare. Larger studies analyzing how this may differ in the setting of emerging variants are needed.
Hierarchical layered double hydroxide for the removal of charged dyes: the role of an anionic surfactant
Authors: Zhang Xuefen , Xiang Mingxue , Zhu Zhongbang , Zou Youqin , Zhang Ping
Published: November 2021

Hierarchical layered double hydroxide (HLDH) was synthesized by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a soft-template agent for the removal of two charged organic dyes (i.e. methylene blue (MB; cationic dye) and methyl orange (MO; anionic dye)). The experimental results based on response surface methodology (RSM) demonstrated distinct removal behaviours of HLDH towards these two dyes: (1) the maximum capacity was 416.7 mg g–1 for MO and 58.7 mg g–1 for MB at 25°C; (2) the increase in temperature could enhance MO removal significantly, whereas it had a negligible effect on the MB treatment process; and (3) rapid removal of MB (5 min) compared to MO (480 min) was observed. In addition, the removal process for both dyes was pH-independent. Multiple characterization techniques further revealed the removal mechanisms, demonstrating that SDS played a significant role in the removal of both dyes; that is, MO replaced SDS to be intercalated into the HLDH interlayer via anion exchange. MB could influence the –SO3 group of SDS, resulting in it modifying the electrodensity of SDS. It could then be further combined with an SDS anion (DS–) via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions to form DS-MB monolayers. This work not only provides an efficient capture agent for charged dyes, but also offers a deep insight into the underlying removal mechanism.
Problems, complications, and reinterventions in 4893 onlay humeral lateralized reverse shoulder arthroplasties, a systematic review: part II—problems and reinterventions
Authors: Ascione Francesco , Panni Alfredo Schiavone , Braile Adriano , Corona Katia , Toro Giuseppe , Capuano Nicola , Romano Alfonso M.
Published: November 2021

Background

Several modifications to the original Grammont reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) design have been proposed to prevent distinctive issues, such as both glenoid and humeral lateralization. The aim of this systematic review was to determine rates of problems, complications, reoperations, and revisions after onlay lateralized humeral stem RSA, hypothesizing that these are design related.

Methods

This systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement guidelines. A literature search was conducted (1 January 2000 to 14 April 2020) using PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, Scopus, and Google Scholar, employing several combinations of keywords: “reverse shoulder arthroplasty,” “reverse shoulder prosthesis,” “inverse shoulder arthroplasty,” “inverse shoulder prosthesis,” “problems,” “complications,” “results,” “outcomes,” “reoperation,” and “revision.”

Results

Thirty-one studies with 4893 RSA met inclusion criteria. The 892 postoperative problems and 296 postoperative complications represented overall problem and complication rates of 22.7% and 7.5%, respectively. Forty-one reoperations and 63 revisions resulted, with overall reoperation and revision rates of 1.7% and 2.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

Problem, complication, and reintervention rates proved acceptable when implanting a high humeral lateralization stem RSA. The most frequent problem was scapular notching (12.6%), and the most common postoperative complication was scapular stress fracture (1.8%). An overall humeral complication rate of 1.9% was identified, whereas no humeral fractures or stem loosening were reported with short stems. Infections (1.3%) were the most common reason for component revision, followed by instability (0.8%).

Level of evidence

Systematic review IV.