bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing a Participatory Total Worker Health® Organizational Intervention for Commercial Construction Subcontractors to Improve Worker Safety, Health, and Well-Being: The “ARM for Subs” Trial
Authors: Peters Susan E. , Trieu Hao D. , Manjourides Justin , Katz Jeffrey N. , Dennerlein Jack T.
Published: July 2020

Background: Evidence supports organizational interventions as being effective for improving worker safety, health and well-being; however, there is a paucity of evidence-based interventions for subcontracting companies in commercial construction. Methods: A theory-driven approach supplemented by formative research through key stakeholder interviews and focus groups and an iterative vetting process with stakeholders, resulted in the development of an intervention for subcontractors in the commercial construction industry. We piloted the intervention in one subcontracting commercial construction company. We used these findings to adapt and finalize the intervention design to be tested in a future large-scale trial. Results: There were several key findings from the formative research, including challenges faced by companies and assets that should be considered in the intervention design. This resulted in a communication infrastructure company-based, continual improvement, participatory intervention design, consisting of a needs assessment and report, committee-led prioritization, action planning and implementation, and worker communication/feedback cycle. The pilot contributed to the final intervention design with modifications made with respect to timing, implementation support, capacity building, adaptability and sustainability. Conclusions: The use of a theory-driven participatory approach to developing an integrated organizational intervention for commercial construction subcontracting companies was important and necessary. It allowed us to consider the empirical evidence and relevant theories and tailor these to meet the needs of our target population. This study gives pragmatic insight into the early development of a complex intervention, with practical experience of how we adapted our intervention at each stage. This intervention will be tested in a future randomized trial.
Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heregovački pršut—Traditionally Smoked Prosciutto
Authors: Mastanjević Krešimir , Puljić Leona , Kartalović Brankica , Grbavac Jozo , Jukić Grbavac Marija , Nadaždi Helena , Habschied Kristina
Published: July 2020

Hercegovački pršut as a traditional dry-cured smoked ham (prosciutto) produced by using an open fire that can be potentially contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and can pose a health risk for consumers. The aim of this research was to identify the types and concentrations of 16 PAHs in 34 samples of traditionally smoked prosciutto. Out of 16 investigated PAHs, identified in the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) list of priority pollutants, 14 compounds were detected. Average levels of cancerogenic benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and PAH4 (benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), chrysene (Chry), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)) ranged from <LOQ (level of quantification) to 5.08 μg/kg and 0.45 μg/kg to 22.67 μg/kg. Two analyzed samples exceeded currently prescribed values according to the Bosnia and Herzegovina legislation for BaP concentrations and one sample for PAH4 content. PAH16 concentrations were on average between 2.92 μg/kg and 87.6 μg/kg. The highest PAH concentrations were found in samples from the Herzegovina-Neretva canton. The results of the research highlight the importance of standardizing smoking procedures and manufacturing practice, in the production of Hercegovački pršut, in order to reduce the PAH content.
Characterizing the Heart Rate Response to the 4 × 4 Interval Exercise Protocol
Authors: Acala Justin J. , Roche-Willis Devyn , Astorino Todd A.
Published: July 2020

High intensity interval training is frequently implemented using the 4 × 4 protocol where four 4-min bouts are performed at heart rate (HR) between 85 and 95% HR max. This study identified the HR and power output response to the 4 × 4 protocol in 39 active men and women (age and VO2 max = 26.0 ± 6.1 years and 37.0 ± 5.4 mL/kg/min). Initially, participants completed incremental cycling to assess VO2 max, HR max, and peak power output (PPO). They subsequently completed the 4 × 4 protocol, during which HR and power output were monitored. Data showed that 12.9 ± 0.4 min of 16 min were spent between 85 and 95% HR max, with time spent significantly lower in interval 1 (2.7 ± 0.6 min) versus intervals 2–4 (3.4 ± 0.4 min, 3.4 ± 0.3 min, and 3.5 ± 0.3 min, d = 2.4–2.7). Power output was highest in interval 1 (75% PPO) and significantly declined in intervals 2–4 (63 to 54% PPO, d = 0.7–1.0). To enhance time spent between 85 and 95% HR max for persons with higher fitness, we recommend immediate allocation of supramaximal intensities in interval one.
Association Between the Location of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms among South Korean Adolescents
Authors: Jang Bich Na , Jeong Wonjeong , Kang Soo Hyun , Jang Sung-In
Published: July 2020

The incidence of depression among adolescents has gradually increased, leading to adult psychological outcomes and suicide. Although the rate of secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) has recently decreased, SHSE remains high in children. We aimed to determine the association between depressive symptoms in adolescents and the locations of SHSE using an extensive population survey. Using data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, we assessed self-reported data of depressive symptoms and SHSE among non-smokers. SHSE locations were classified into four groups: only at school, only at home, at both school and home, and other places. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the associations between SHSE locations and depressive symptoms. The relationship between SHSE and depressive symptoms was the highest in the “SHSE at home and school” group (boys: odds ratio [OR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44–1.80; girls: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.54–1.91), followed by the “school” (boys: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.39–1.67; girls: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.25–1.48) and “home” groups (boys: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.12–1.35; girls: OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.20–1.40). These results emphasize the importance of stricter smoking regulations not only in public places, but also in households. Adolescents and their families should be educated on the dangers of smoking and the effects of SHSE on mental health.
Evaluation of Changes in Gut Microbiota in Patients with Crohn’s Disease after Anti-Tnfα Treatment: Prospective Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Sanchis-Artero Laura , Martínez-Blanch Juan Francisco , Manresa-Vera Sergio , Cortés-Castell Ernesto , Rodriguez-Morales Josefa , Cortés-Rizo Xavier
Published: July 2020

Background: Crohn’s disease is believed to result from the interaction between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and gut microbiota, leading to an aberrant immune response. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative changes in the microbiota of patients with Crohn’s disease after six months of anti-tumor-necrosis factor (anti-TNFα) (infliximab or adalimumab) treatment and to determine whether these changes lead to the recovery of normal microbiota when compared to a control group of healthy subjects. In addition, we will evaluate the potential role of the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Escherichia coli and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Clostridium coccoides ratios as indicators of therapeutic response to anti-TNFα drugs. Methods/Design: This prospective multicenter observational study will comprise a total of 88 subjects: 44 patients with Crohn’s disease scheduled to start anti-TNFα treatment as described in the drug specifications to control the disease and 44 healthy individuals who share the same lifestyle and eating habits. The presence of inflammatory activity will be determined by the Harvey-Bradshaw index, analytical parameters in blood, including C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin levels at commencement of the study, at three months and at six months, allowing the classification of patients into responders and non-responders. Microbiota composition and the quantitative relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli and between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Clostridium coccoides group as indicators of dysbiosis will be studied at inclusion and six months after initiation of treatment using ultra sequencing with Illumina technology and comparative bioinformatics analysis for the former relationship, and digital droplet PCR using stool samples for the latter. Upon inclusion, patients will complete a survey of dietary intake for the three days prior to stool collection, which will be repeated six months later in a second collection to minimize dietary bias. Discussion: In this study, massive sequencing, a reliable new tool, will be applied to identify early biomarkers of response to anti-TNF treatment in patients with Crohn’s disease to improve clinical management of these patients, reduce morbidity rates and improve efficiency.
Systematic Review: Allogenic Use of Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) and Decellularized Extracellular Matrices (ECM) as Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) in Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Gentile Pietro , Sterodimas Aris , Pizzicannella Jacopo , Dionisi Laura , De Fazio Domenico , Calabrese Claudio , Garcovich Simone
Published: July 2020

Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) containing adipose stem cells (ASCs) has been used for many years in regenerative plastic surgery for autologous applications, without any focus on their potential allogenic role. Allogenic SVF transplants could be based on the possibility to use decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) as a scaffold from a donor then re-cellularized by ASCs of the recipient, in order to develop the advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) in fully personalized clinical approaches. A systematic review of this field has been realized in accordance with the Preferred Reporting for Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Multistep research of the PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Pre-MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus database, and Cochrane databases has been conducted to identify articles and investigations on human allogenic ASCs transplant for clinical use. Of the 341 articles identified, 313 were initially assessed for eligibility on the basis of the abstract. Of these, only 29 met all the predetermined criteria for inclusion according to the PICOS (patients, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design) approach, and 19 have been included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Ninety-one percent of the studies previously screened (284 papers) were focused on the in vitro results and pre-clinical experiments. The allogenic use regarded the treatment of perianal fistulas, diabetic foot ulcers, knee osteoarthritis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, refractory rheumatoid arthritis, pediatrics disease, fecal incontinence, ischemic heart disease, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, lateral epicondylitis, and soft tissue defects. The information analyzed suggested the safety and efficacy of allogenic ASCs and ECM transplants without major side effects.
Lessons from Exploring Chemical Space and Chemical Diversity of Propolis Components
Authors: Tran Trong D. , Ogbourne Steven M. , Brooks Peter R. , Sánchez-Cruz Norberto , Medina-Franco José L. , Quinn Ronald J.
Published: July 2020

Propolis is a natural resinous material produced by bees and has been used in folk medicines since ancient times. Due to it possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities, it has gained significant scientific and commercial interest over the last two decades. As a result of searching 122 publications reported up to the end of 2019, we assembled a unique compound database consisting of 578 components isolated from both honey bee propolis and stingless bee propolis, and analyzed the chemical space and chemical diversity of these compounds. The results demonstrated that both honey bee propolis and stingless bee propolis are valuable sources for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development.
Selectively-Packaged Proteins in Breast Cancer Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Metastasis
Authors: Dalla Penelope V. , Santos Jerran , Milthorpe Bruce K. , Padula Matthew P.
Published: July 2020

Cancer-derived extracellular vesicles are known to play a role in the progression of the disease. In this rapidly-growing field, there are many reports of phenotypic changes in cells following exposure to cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. This study examines the protein contents of vesicles derived from three well-known breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and T47D, using peptide-centric LC-MS/MS and cytokine multiplex immunoassay analysis to understand the molecular basis of these changes. Through these techniques a large number of proteins within these vesicles were identified. A large proportion of these proteins are known to be important in cancer formation and progression and associated with cancer signaling, angiogenesis, metastasis and invasion and immune regulation. This highlights the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer communications and shows some of the mechanisms the vesicles use to assist in cancer progression.
In Vivo Models for Cholangiocarcinoma—What Can We Learn for Human Disease?
Authors: Mohr Raphael , Özdirik Burcin , Knorr Jana , Wree Alexander , Demir Münevver , Tacke Frank , Roderburg Christoph
Published: July 2020

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a heterogeneous group of primary liver tumors. They emerge from different hepatic (progenitor) cell populations, typically via sporadic mutations. Chronic biliary inflammation, as seen in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), may trigger CCA development. Although several efforts were made in the last decade to better understand the complex processes of biliary carcinogenesis, it was only recently that new therapeutic advances have been achieved. Animal models are a crucial bridge between in vitro findings on molecular or genetic alterations, pathophysiological understanding, and new therapeutic strategies for the clinic. Nevertheless, it is inherently difficult to recapitulate simultaneously the stromal microenvironment (e.g., immune-competent cells, cholestasis, inflammation, PSC-like changes, fibrosis) and the tumor biology (e.g., mutational burden, local growth, and metastatic spread) in an animal model, so that it would reflect the full clinical reality of CCA. In this review, we highlight available data on animal models for CCA. We discuss if and how these models reflect human disease and whether they can serve as a tool for understanding the pathogenesis, or for predicting a treatment response in patients. In addition, open issues for future developments will be discussed.
Protein Degradation and the Pathologic Basis of Phenylketonuria and Hereditary Tyrosinemia
Authors: Sarodaya Neha , Suresh Bharathi , Kim Kye-Seong , Ramakrishna Suresh
Published: July 2020

A delicate intracellular balance among protein synthesis, folding, and degradation is essential to maintaining protein homeostasis or proteostasis, and it is challenged by genetic and environmental factors. Molecular chaperones and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) play a vital role in proteostasis for normal cellular function. As part of protein quality control, molecular chaperones recognize misfolded proteins and assist in their refolding. Proteins that are beyond repair or refolding undergo degradation, which is largely mediated by the UPS. The importance of protein quality control is becoming ever clearer, but it can also be a disease-causing mechanism. Diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU) and hereditary tyrosinemia-I (HT1) are caused due to mutations in PAH and FAH gene, resulting in reduced protein stability, misfolding, accelerated degradation, and deficiency in functional proteins. Misfolded or partially unfolded proteins do not necessarily lose their functional activity completely. Thus, partially functional proteins can be rescued from degradation by molecular chaperones and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Deubiquitination is an important mechanism of the UPS that can reverse the degradation of a substrate protein by covalently removing its attached ubiquitin molecule. In this review, we discuss the importance of molecular chaperones and DUBs in reducing the severity of PKU and HT1 by stabilizing and rescuing mutant proteins.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Acetazolamide Enhances CHOP Treatment Response and Stimulates Effector T-Cell Infiltration in A20/BalbC Murine B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Méhes Gábor , Matolay Orsolya , Beke Lívia , Czenke Marianna , Pórszász Róbert , Mikó Edit , Bai Péter , Berényi Ervin , Trencsényi György
Published: July 2020

The inhibition of cancer-related carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity is a promising way to intensify anti-tumor responses. In vitro data suggest improved efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in combination with CA-inhibitors in several cancer types. Despite accumulating data on CA-expression, experimental or clinical studies towards B-cell lymphoma therapy are missing. We therefore decided to test the effect of the CA-inhibitor acetazolamide (AA) on the conventional CHOP treatment regimen using the A20/BalbC in vivo syngeneic mouse lymphoma model. Tumor growth characteristics, 18F-MISO-PET activity, histomorphology, cell proliferation, and T-cell immune infiltrate were determined following single or multiple dose combinations. All results point to a significant increase in the anti-tumor effect of CHOP+AA combinations compared with the untreated controls or with the single CHOP or AA treatments. CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell immune infiltrate increased 3–4 times following CHOP+AA combination compared with the classical CHOP protocol. In conclusion, CA-inhibitor AA seems to act synergistically with the anti-tumor treatment CHOP in aggressive lymphoma. Further to a cytotoxic effect, AA and other more selective blockers potentially support tumor-associated immune responses through the modification of the microenvironment. Therefore, CA-inhibitors are promising candidates as adjuvants in support of specific immunotherapies in lymphoma and other malignancies.
Quarry Waste as Precursors in Geopolymers for Civil Engineering Applications: A Decade in Review
Authors: Solouki Abbas , Viscomi Giovanni , Lamperti Riccardo , Tataranni Piergiorgio
Published: July 2020

Carbon footprint reduction of paving materials could be explored through recycling mining by-products into different applications, which will preserve natural resources and decrease environmental issues. One possible approach is to reuse quarry dust and mining ore waste as precursors in geopolymer applications. geopolymers are mineral polymers rich in aluminosilicates with an amorphous to a semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure. The current review aims to summarize the studies conducted during the past decade on geopolymers containing quarry dust and mine tailings. The first section discusses various precursors used for geopolymer cement production such as metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, and quarry/mining ore wastes including silt, tungsten, vanadium, copper, gold, zinc, marble, iron, basalt, and lithium. Different calcination treatments and curing conditions have been summarized. In some cases, the precursors are required to be calcined to increase their reactivity. Both ambient temperature and elevated temperature curing conditions have been summarized. Less attention has been paid to room temperature curing, which is necessary for field and industrial implementations. Engineering properties such as compressive strength, density, durability and acid resistance, water absorption and abrasion of geopolymers containing mining waste were reviewed. One of the main barriers preventing the widespread use of waste powders, in addition to economic aspects, in geopolymers could be due to their unstable chemical structure. This was shown through extensive leachate of Na+ or K+ cations in geopolymer structures. The review of over 100 articles indicated the need for further research on different aspects of quarry waste geopolymer productions before its full industrial implementation.
Halloysite Nanotubes as Nano-Carriers of Corrosion Inhibitors in Cement Formulations
Authors: Tonelli Monica , Baglioni Piero , Ridi Francesca
Published: July 2020

The ingress of water, as a vehicle for many harmful substances, is the main cause of all the major physical and chemical degradation processes affecting concrete buildings. To prevent damage and protect concrete surfaces, coatings are generally used. Cement-based coatings in particular can act as a physical barrier and reduce the permeability of surfaces. In case of chloride-induced corrosion, corrosion inhibitors are also generally used, and nano-carriers have been proven to provide a long-term protective effect. In this work, we designed a surface protection cementitious coating enhanced with nano-silica and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). HNTs were loaded with a corrosion inhibitor, benzotriazole (BTA), and used as nano-reservoir, while nano-silica was used to improve the structure of the protective coating and to strengthen its adhesion to the surface of application. The cementitious coatings were characterized with a multi-technique approach including thermal and spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and pore size distribution, and Vickers hardness test. The release of BTA was monitored through UV-vis analysis, and the transportation of BTA through coated mortars was studied in simulated rain conditions. We evidenced that the presence of silica densifies the porous structure and increases the interfacial bond strength between the protective coating and the surface of application. We report here, for the first time, that HNTs can be used as nano-carriers for the slow delivery of anti-corrosion molecules in cement mortars.
Rigid Finite Element Method in Modeling Composite Steel-Polymer Concrete Machine Tool Frames
Authors: Dunaj Paweł , Marchelek Krzysztof , Berczyński Stefan , Mizrak Berkay
Published: July 2020

At the stage of designing a special machine tool, it is necessary to analyze many variants of structural solutions of frames and load-bearing systems and to choose the best solution in terms of dynamic properties, in particular considering its resistance to chatter. For this reason, it is preferred to adopt a low-dimensional calculation model, which allows the user to reduce the necessary calculation time while maintaining a high accuracy. The paper presents the methodology of modeling the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and receptance functions of machine tool steel welded frames filled with strongly heterogenous polymer concrete, using low-dimensional models developed by the rigid finite elements method (RigFEM). In the presented study, a RigFEM model of a simple steel beam filled with polymer concrete and a frame composed of such beams were built. Then, the dynamic properties obtained on the basis of the developed RigFEM models were compared with the experimental results and the 1D and 3D finite element models (FEM) in terms of accuracy and dimensionality. As a result of the experimental verification, the full structural compliance of the RigFEM models (for beam and frame) was obtained, which was manifested by the agreement of the mode shapes. Additionally, experimental verification showed a high accuracy of the RigFEM models, obtaining for the beam model a relative error for natural frequencies of less than 4% and on average 2.2%, and for the frame model at a level not exceeding 11% and on average 5.5%. Comparing the RigFEM and FEM models, it was found that the RigFEM models have a slightly worse accuracy, with a dimensionality significantly reduced by 95% for the beam and 99.8% for the frame.
Tribological and Vibration Properties of Three Different Polymer Materials for Water-Lubricated Bearings
Authors: Wu Kepeng , Zhou Guangwu , Mi Xiongwei , Zhong Ping , Wang Wenbo , Liao Daxin
Published: July 2020

Water-lubricated bearings usually operate under severe environmental conditions, most likely in the mixed regime, in which surface contact between the drive shaft and the bearing sleeve is often significant. This presents great challenges to bearing design, especially material selection. The Tenmat, Thordon, and Rubber are common water-lubricated bearing composites. In this paper, by using a block-on-ring test apparatus, the Stribeck curve, wear rate, and vibration characteristics of three kinds of polymer materials in water-lubricated bearings (Tenmat, Thordon SXL, and Ben Teng Group (BTG) Rubber) under low speed and heavy load were studied. The experimental results show that, under the same working conditions, BTG rubber has excellent tribological properties and vibration properties. The research method in this paper can provide references for the selection of materials used for friction pair, improvement of working performance and vibration reduction of water-lubricated bearings in the future.
Gradient-Enhanced Modelling of Damage for Rate-Dependent Material Behaviour—A Parameter Identification Framework
Authors: Schulte Robin , Ostwald Richard , Menzel Andreas
Published: July 2020

The simulation of complex engineering components and structures under loads requires the formulation and adequate calibration of appropriate material models. This work introduces an optimisation-based scheme for the calibration of viscoelastic material models that are coupled to gradient-enhanced damage in a finite strain setting. The parameter identification scheme is applied to a self-diagnostic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer, where so-called mechanophore units are incorporated within the polymeric microstructure. The present contribution, however, focuses on the purely mechanical response of the material, combining experiments with homogeneous and inhomogeneous states of deformation. In effect, the results provided lay the groundwork for a future extension of the proposed parameter identification framework, where additional field-data provided by the self-diagnostic capabilities can be incorporated into the optimisation scheme.
Tensile Creep Model of Slab Concrete Based on Microprestress-Solidification Theory
Authors: Zhao Zhifang , Zhang Huanmi , Fang Bo , Sun Yukun , Zhong Yangfeng , Shi Tao
Published: July 2020

Tensile creep is an important factor affecting the early cracking resistance of concrete. The tensile creep model can effectively predict the development of tensile creep. In order to establish an appropriate tensile creep model, a temperature–stress testing machine (TSTM) was employed to test the development of temperature, deformation and restraint stress of benchmark concrete and concrete mixed with the MgO under different temperature curing modes. The development law of early age stress, strain and creep was analyzed via the test data of the TSTM. The early age tensile creep of concrete was predicted with the existing Kelvin creep model. The effect of variable temperature on creep was considered in this study, and an improved Kelvin creep model was proposed. The prediction accuracy of the two models was compared and analyzed. The results indicate that MgO has little influence on the creep and specific creep of concrete. The early age cracking resistance of MgO concrete is better than benchmark concrete. The improved Kelvin model based on the microprestress-solidification (MPS) theory predicts the early tensile creep of concrete more accurately in variable temperature conditions. These are significantly helpful for the application of the MgO expansion agent in dam engineering.
Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Behavior and Porosity of Cement Pastes Prepared by A Dispersion on Cement Particles in Isopropanol Suspension
Authors: Vilela Rocha Vanessa , Ludvig Péter
Published: July 2020

Cement composites prepared with nanoparticles have been widely studied in order to achieve superior performance structures. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is an excellent alternative due to their mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, effective dispersion is essential to ensure strength gains. In the present work, cement pastes were prepared incorporating CNTs in proportions up to 0.10% by weight of cement, dispersed on the surface of anhydrous cement particles in isopropanol suspension and using ultrasonic agitation. Digital image correlation was employed to obtain basic mechanical parameters of three-point bending tests. The results indicated a 34% gain in compressive strength and 12% in flexural tensile strength gains, respectively, as well as a 70% gain in fracture energy and 14% in fracture toughness in the presence of 0.05% CNTs were recorded. These results suggest that CNTs act as crack propagation controllers. Moreover, CNT presence contributes to pore volume reduction, increases the density of cement pastes, and suggests that CNTs additionally act as nucleation sites of the cement hydration products. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate effective dispersion as a result of the methodology adopted, plus strong bonding between CNTs and the cement hydration product. Therefore, CNTs can be used to obtain more resistant and durable cement-based composites.
SnO2 Nanoflower–Nanocrystalline Cellulose Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tran Quang Nhat , Kim Il Tae , Park Sangkwon , Choi Hyung Wook , Park Sang Joon
Published: July 2020

One of the biggest challenges in the commercialization of tin dioxide (SnO2)-based lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes is the volume expansion of SnO2 during the charge–discharge process. Additionally, the aggregation of SnO2 also deteriorates the performance of anode materials. In this study, we prepared SnO2 nanoflowers (NFs) using nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) to improve the surface area, prevent the particle aggregation, and alleviate the change in volume of LIB anodes. Moreover, CNC served not only as the template for the synthesis of the SnO2 NFs but also as a conductive material, after annealing the SnO2 NFs at 800 °C to improve their electrochemical performance. The obtained CNC–SnO2NF composite was used as an active LIB electrode material and exhibited good cycling performance and a high initial reversible capacity of 891 mA h g−1, at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The composite anode could retain 30% of its initial capacity after 500 charge–discharge cycles.
High-Fidelity Harmonic Generation in Optical Micro-Resonators Using BFGS Algorithm
Authors: Aşırım Özüm Emre , Yolalmaz Alim , Kuzuoğlu Mustafa
Published: July 2020

Harmonic generation is an attractive research field that finds a variety of application areas. However, harmonic generation within a medium of micron-scale interaction length limits the magnitude of nonlinear coupling and leads to poor harmonic generation efficiency. In this study, we present a constrained non-linear programming approach based on the Quasi-Newton Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm to obtain high-fidelity harmonic generation in optical micro-resonators. Using this approach, one can achieve high-intensity harmonic generation in a simple Fabry–Perot type optical micro-resonator. The generation of super-intense harmonics at a typical ultraviolet (UV)-ablation frequency of 820 THz and at pure yellow-light (515 THz) is investigated in particular. Moreover, we achieved more than 98% accuracy compared to well-known theoretical results. Our approach enables the design of highly efficient microscale harmonic generators to be used in integrated photonic devices.
Before #MeToo: Violence against Women Social Media Work, Bystander Intervention, and Social Change
Authors: Fairbairn Jordan
Published: July 2020

High-profile, social-media-fueled movements such as #MeToo have captured broader public attention in recent years and sparked widespread discussion of violence against women (VAW). However, online prevention work was underway in the years leading up to #MeToo, as the emergence and proliferation of social media enabled individuals to be increasingly active participants in shaping conversations about VAW. Situated within feminist VAW scholarship and the social–ecological framework of violence prevention, this paper draws from interviews with a cross-section of service providers, public educators, activists, advocates, writers, and researchers to analyze “conversation” as a central theme in VAW prevention work in social media. Results reveal that these conversations take place in three central ways: (1) engaging wider audiences in conversations to raise awareness about VAW; (2) narrative shifts challenging societal norms that support or enable VAW; and (3) mobilization around high-profile news stories. The paper finds that, through these conversations, this work moves beyond individual-level risk factors to target much needed community- and societal-level aspects, primarily harmful social norms that circulate and become reinforced in digital media spaces. Moreover, while bystander intervention has traditionally been approached as an offline pursuit to intervene in face-to-face situations of VAW, this paper argues that we can understand and value these VAW prevention efforts as an online form of bystander intervention. Finally, resource challenges and VAW prevention workers’ experiences of harassment and abuse related to their online work highlights a need to strengthen social and institutional supports for this work.
The Effect of the CO2Fractional Laser or Premarin Vaginal Cream on Improving Sexual Function in Menopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eftekhar Tahereh , Forooghifar Tahereh , Khalili Tahereh , Shariat Mamak , Haghollahi Fedyeh
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Sexual dysfunction is a complex problem in postmenopausal women with a prevalence rate of 68%-86%. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a fractional CO2laser or vaginal cream on the improvement of sexual function in menopausal women.Methods:This is a two-group clinical trial study. Postmenopausal women with the inclusion criterion were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups of intervention (n=25) and control group (n=25). In the intervention group, CO2laser therapy was performed every month for three months, and in the control group, Premarin vaginal cream was applied (0.625 mg, 3 nights a week for 3 months. Vaginal health index (VHI) scoring and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires were completed before and three months after the treatment.Results:The effects of the laser treatment were greater than the Premarin group with respect to improvement in sexual desire, orgasms, sexual satisfaction, less pain during sexual relations, and overall sexual function (P<0.05).Conclusion:It seems that the fractional CO2laser may be more effective than hormonal therapy in improving sexual function in postmenopausal women.
The Effect of Propofol on the Success Rate of Transurethral Lithotripsy by Holmium Laser: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Teymourian Houman , Ghiasy Saleh , Tayebi-azar Ali , Razzaghi Mohammadreza , Sadri Ghazal , Ansari Djafari Anahita , Hojjati Seyyed Ali , Poury Mohammad , Shahabi Vahid , Javanmard Babak
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Urinary stone disease is the third most common affliction of the urinary tract that has been associated with an increasing incidence. Over decades, great advances have been made in the minimally invasive treatment of urinary stones. Recently, transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) by holmium laser was introduced as a possible therapeutic option. This study evaluated the effect of propofol on the success rate of TUL by holmium laser.Methods:A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 180 patients to investigate the effect of propofol on the success and complication rate of TUL by holmium laser. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: the first group received sodium thiopental (n=89) while the second group received propofol (n=91). The two groups were compared in terms of the fluctuations of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), operation time, future stone-free rate (SFR), stone migration, post-operative fever, and ureteral complications such as perforation and mucosal damage. Other developed complications were also recorded. After data gathering, statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 21.Results:the patients’ data such as age, sex, stone diameter, stone laterality, duration of stone impaction, primary SBP, DBP and HR were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). TUL and anesthesia duration, first-minute and fifth-minute SBP and DBP, and also changes of HR were significantly lower in the propofol group compared with the sodium thiopental group (P<0.001). Moreover, SFR of TUL was more evident in the propofol group. Ureteral mucosal damage was significantly less in the propofol group.Conclusion:Propofol was associated with a higher reduction in SBP and DBP, decreased duration of TUL, fewer fluctuations in HR, and an increased success rate of stone removal by TUL with holmium laser.
Choroidal Detachment Following Multi-spot Double Frequency Nd-YAG Retinal Photocoagulation – A Case Report
Authors: Rajagopal Sangeetha , Madhivanan Nivean , Mayilvakanam Lakshmi , Nivean Pratheebadevi
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) remains the gold standard treatment for severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), as it reduces the risk of severe visual loss by more than 50%. In the conventional single-spot laser, the procedure involves the application of moderate-intensity burns of 200-500 microns, placed one spot-size apart to achieve a total of 1200-2000 applications in 2 or 3 sessions. The more advanced retina lasers like the Pattern Scan Laser (PASCAL) and the VITRA multi-spot laser are 532 nm frequency-doubled (Nd: YAG) solid-state lasers. These modern lasers enable the application of multiple laser burns in a rapid pre-determined sequence with reduced pulse duration (10-20 ms) to facilitate the PRP to be completed in a single sitting with lesser collateral tissue damage. Case Report: Though multi-spot lasers have significantly reduced the adverse events when compared with the conventional single-spot lasers, we report a case of rare adverse events (serous choroidal detachment) following PRP with the VITRA multi-spot double frequency NdYAG (532 nm) laser. Conclusion: Most of the serious choroidal detachments following PRP are self-limiting. We recommend complete retinal evaluation post laser procedure even with modern multisport laser to look for such adverse events.
O Direito Esquecido pelo Tempo Consumido
Authors: Rodrigues Lauanna Picanço da Costa , Araújo Patrícia do Socorro Chaves de , Baptista Tadeu João Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

Mobilidade urbana e lazer são temas amplamente estudados, porém, pouco associados. Almejando estabelecer essa relação, e partindo do princípio de que ambos são fenômenos inerentes à cidade, busca-se discorrer sobre o assunto a partir do contexto do município de Belém. Objetivou-se compreender, especificamente, o tempo para o lazer dos universitários que residem no Distrito de Icoaraci, considerando a perspectiva deles acerca das condições de mobilidade urbana. Para tanto, buscou-se verificar qual é a opinião dos universitários sobre planejamento urbano e qualidade do transporte público de Belém; apurar a média de tempo gasto diariamente para deslocamento (tempo de viagem); e identificar se os universitários conhecem e participam das políticas públicas de esporte e lazer desenvolvidas em Icoaraci. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de levantamento, de caráter quantitativo, de nível exploratório, cuja técnica de coleta de dados utilizada foi o formulário online. Obteve-se como resultado que a maior insatisfação dos participantes da pesquisa, a respeito do transporte público, é o tempo de viagem. Ademais, a maior parte avaliou a mobilidade urbana do município como ruim, e quando questionados sobre tempo para o lazer no dia a dia, “às vezes” teve o maior índice. Além disso, verificou-se que poucos sabem da existência de políticas públicas de esporte e lazer em Icoaraci e uma parcela menor ainda participa das mesmas. Conclui-se, nessa primeira aproximação com a temática, que, embora existam leis e diretrizes acerca de mobilidade urbana e lazer no âmbito da cidade, a promulgação dessas não tem sido acompanhada por sua efetivação.
Formação, Lazer e Currículo
Authors: Nascimento Diego Ebling do , Abrão Ruhena Kelber , Quaresma Fernando Rodrigues Peixoto , Soares Khellen Cristina Pires Correia , Tavares Alexandra Lima
Published: July 2020

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a inserção do lazer nos currículos de Educação Física das instituições de ensino superior (IES) públicas do estado do Tocantins. A proposta metodológica da pesquisa teve inspiração no Estudo de Casos Múltiplos. Fizeram parte da pesquisa três cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física públicos existentes no estado. Para a coleta de dados utilizamos a análise documental, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. O estudo demonstrou como o lazer se organiza no ensino, na pesquisa e na extensão das IES pesquisadas, além de mapear os espaços e algumas peculiaridades de cada curso. Todos os cursos de Educação Física pesquisados apresentam disciplinas sobre o lazer em seus currículos e ofertam projetos de extensão na área de esporte e/ou lazer. No que tange as produções acadêmico-cientificas apenas dois cursos estudados apresentaram publicações. Entendemos que o lazer precisa estar cada vez mais presente na formação dos profissionais de Educação Física.
Sentidos para a Relação entre a Recreação e a Educabilidade da Infância
Authors: Silva Giovanna Camila da
Published: July 2020

Este estudo aborda a criação de praças de jogos pela Inspetoria de Educação Física de Minas Gerais (1927-1937). As análises das fontes, prioritariamente constituídas pelo jornal oficial do estado, permitem afirmar que a construção de tais espaços aconteceu em um contexto de mudanças educacionais informadas pelo ideário da Escola Nova e foi motivada pela compreensão de que as praças seriam um complemento educativo da escola, pelo apelo à natureza infantil e ao entendimento do brincar como prática essencial às crianças, pela possibilidade de incorporação de valores sociais. Esses elementos estavam sintonizados com o projeto educativo que se desenvolvia em Minas e revelam sentidos culturais produzidos para a relação entre a recreação e a educabilidade da infância.
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Paparan Gelombang Ultrasonik dalam Mengurangi Jumlah Bakteri coliform pada Sampel Air Sungai Kahayan
Authors: Sunariyati Neny Kurniawati, Kerelius, , Widya Krestina Luqman Hakim, Dyah Ayu Pramoda Wardani, , Diah K. Fatmala Dwi Tyas Setiawan, Ferry Purwanto,
Published: July 2020

Abstrak – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu paparan gelombang ultrasonik terhadap pengurangan jumlah koloni bakteri coliform pada sampel air sungai Kahayan. Pengambilan sampel air sungai dilakukan dengan teknik Grab Sampling menggunakan alat Kemmerer Sampler. Sampel air yang didapatkan diberikan paparan gelombang ultrasonik secara langsung, tanpa merubah kondisi lingkungan awal. Waktu paparan divariasikan pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam dengan frekuensi 40 kHz untuk memperoleh data waktu optimum. Uji coliform dilakukan dengan metode MPN, dengan tahapan uji pendugaan, uji penegasan, dan perhitungan koloni. Hasil uji MPN 24 jam setelah paparan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ultrasonik sebagai antibateri dapat optimum ketika diberikan paparan dengan waktu 3 jam, dengan efisiensi  96%. Kata kunci: antibakteri, coliform, ultrasonik, water treatment, sungai Kahayan  Abstract – This study aims to examine the effect of ultrasonic wave exposure time on reducing the number of coliform bacterial colonies in the Kahayan river water samples. River water sampling is done using the Grab Sampling technique using the Kemmerer Sampler tool. The water samples obtained were given direct ultrasonic wave exposure, without changing the initial environmental conditions. The exposure time is varied in 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours with a frequency of 40 kHz to obtain optimum time data. Coliform test was carried out by the MPN method, with the stages of the estimation test, affirmation test, and colony calculation. The MPN test results 24 hours after exposure showed that the use of ultrasonic as an antibody can be optimum when given exposure with a time of 3 hours, with an efficiency of 96%.Keywords : antibakterial, coliform, ultrasonic, water treatment, Kahayan river
Effect of Different Applications of Cactus, Rachis of Date Palm Trees and Compost on Hydraulic Properties of Sandy Soil
Authors: Ganfoud Ahmed Abouleid , Gargney Almustanser-Bellah Mukhtar , Ekhmaj Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: July 2020

This laboratory study aims to investigate the effect of adding dry grinders of Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) and palm leaf bases (Rachis) and commercial soil enhancer (Compost) with different mixing ratios (2.5, 5.0, 7.5%, by weight) on improving hydraulic properties of sandy soil. Hydraulic properties included the water retention capacity, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and the moisture content at tension values of 0.3, 1, 10 and 15 bar. These properties were estimated at the beginning of the experiment, and after six months, during which moisture and drying cycles had taken place. Through the obtained results, it was found that all additives improved the soil hydraulic properties, so that the values of the soil retention capacity and soil moisture content versus tension increased. On the other hand, all additives reduced the values of the hydraulic conductivity. The results also indicated lack significant effect of time (at the level of 5%). The different mixing ratios did not significantly affect the hydraulic conductivity (at the level of 5%). However, the results showed that the rachis grinders and the mixture consisting of rachis and cactus outperformed in hydraulic properties as compared with other treatments.
"Echo w lesie" Józefa Elsnera i Wojciecha Pękalskiego – późny pogłos włoskiego intermezza na warszawskiej scenie narodowej?
Authors: Chachulski Jakub
Published: July 2020

Przedmiotem artykułu jest jednoaktowa opera Echo w lesie Józefa Elsnera z tekstem Wojciecha Pękalskiego, rozpatrywana w kluczu określenia gatunkowego „intermezzo” nadanego jej oryginalnie przez obu twórców, podobnie jak kilku innym – dziś zaginionym – utworom Elsnera powstałym w latach 1808–1810, w większości z myślą o małżeństwie aktorów-śpiewaków Janie Nepomucenie i Joannie Szczurowskich. Tło historyczne uzasadnia uznanie tego określenia za sygnalizujące  intencje nawiązania dla włoskich intermezzów buffa z końca XVIII w.; pod tym kątem zanalizowane zostają fragmenty opisywanego utwóru, ujawniając zarówno treściowe powiązania z osiemnastowieczną opera buffa, obecność cech stylistycznych i technik kompozytorskich charakterystycznych dla tego obszaru repertuarowego, jak i typowych dla opery buffa elementów muzycznych aluzji, parodii i innego typu nawiązań intertekstualnych. Omówione zostają także kwestie zachowanych źródeł, tj. istotne odmienności zachodzące pomiędzy rękopisem libretta z 1808 r. a zachowanym odpisem partytury powstałym po 1835 roku. Różnice te, wespół z wnioskami z analizy utworu, wskazują raczej na to, iż znana nam postać utworu jest wersją pierwotną (i jedyną), choć hipotezy przeciwnej przy obecnym stanie wiedzy także nie da się odrzucić.