bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Tension Control System of Filament Winding Machine
Authors: Yan Jie , Zhu Qiu Ju
Published: November 2011

The paper means to establish a tension control system of filament winding machine through analyzing the theory tension control system.The auto-adapted PID controller of single neuron are introduced.
A Computed Model of the Pendulum Test of the Leg for Quantitative Evaluation of Muscle Spasticity
Authors: Zhang Xin , Fang Ting
Published: November 2011

Quantitative assessment of muscle spasticity is an important issue in the rehabilitation medicine. However, there are a small amount of qualitative and quantitative assessment be used in clinical studies for that the mechanism of vasospasm is not clear yet. The objective of this paper is to suggest a totally new method using independent component analysis (ICA) to analyze spasticity and indicate possibility to apply this method for evaluation of spasticity. In order to simulate the experiment of human swing leg angle bending system, an entry system with the input signal and the original angle had been established. And the system's pulse signal had been reconstructed. By comparing the thigh swing test experiments of healthy people and patients and analyzing their different impulse signals and impulse responses, the index of evaluation of spasticity had been obtained.
A Thermodynamic Model for Nearest-Neighbor Distributions in Annealed Quaternary Alloys
Authors: Tang Li Li , Wang Chun Bo
Published: November 2011

We focus on the annealing-induced changes of N-centered nearest-neighbor (NN) entironment in Ga1-xlnxNyAs1-y quaternary alloys and present a statistical distributing model of the binary bonds under thermodynamics equilibrium state. The core of this model is the assumption that the phase separation result of equimolar system at T=0 K is “ + ”, in which the effect of strain has been ignored. We propose two mechanisms for annealing: (i) Atomic relaxation lead to a total energy minimum. (ii) The type conversion of bond configuration is the main reason for the remarkable blue shift. Then parameter r, the number of NN In atoms per N atom, is calculated. We find that the theoretical NN distributions strain is in good agreement with former studies. It can be concluded that the blue shift induced by long-time annealing at low temperature is able to be equal with that induced by short-time annealing at higher temperature. The results are close to recent investigations. But an allegorical linear relation between band gap and composition (x, y) is still in question.
Stress Problems at the Steam Drum Fatigue Checking Point of a Supercharged Boiler
Authors: Zheng Xin Wei , Li Zheng , Chen Xiu Hui , Sun Yu , Wang Hao , Wen Xue You
Published: November 2011

On the basis of the proposed computing method for the low-cycle fatigue lifetime of a supercharged boiler steam drum, and the two computing principles, which super-pose the resultant stress of the internal pressure stress and the radial temperature difference heat stress at the boiler steam drum fatigue checking point, whose influences on the low-cycle fatigue lifetimes of one supercharged boiler steam drum were calculated, compared and analyzed, there out the computing principle of a supercharged boiler for superposing the resul-tant stress of the above-mentioned two stresses was opened out. The simplified computing method, which will be applied to calculating the alternating stress range in a stress cycle at the supercharged boiler steam drum fatigue checking point, was also derived from combining the design feature of a super-charged boiler steam drum with theory analysis, and com-paring with the Chinese Standard computing method, this computing method not only can reduce the calculational work-load, but also can simplify the calculational steps greatly. Thereby the proposed computing method for the low-cycle fatigue lifetime of a supercharged boiler steam drum was also further simplified.
Numerical Simulation and Engineering Application of Bolt’s Supporting in Tectonic Stress Field
Authors: Nan Feng , Kang Zhi Qiang , Li Fu Ping
Published: November 2011

Roadway bolt supporting, which relates the equations such as ground stress, mechanical property of surrounding rock and bolt supporting structure, is an engineering problem of rock and structure coupling. Three-dimensional developing entry bolt supporting aided design system was developed by using ANSYS finite element software. Supporting function mechanics of coal roadway bolt supporting was analyzed and calculated. The effects of bolt supporting under similar conditions on roadway deformation, stress and displacement field around the roadway was mainly studied. The simulation results were applied in bolt supporting engineering of a coal mine 2395 entity coal roadway, and excellent supporting results were obtained which provides good experience for further generalization and application.
Active Disturbance Rejection Decoupling Control for Aero-Engines
Authors: Zhang Hai Bo , Wang Ri Xian , Lin Yi Hui , Li Yong Jin
Published: November 2011

A class of multi-variable decoupling control algorithm for aero-engines is mainly studied In this paper. Firstly, the mechanism of ADRC decoupling control algorithm is elaborated and discussed in detail. Secondly, an ADRC controller for some turbofan engine's nonlinear component-level model is designed to solve two-loop control problem according to the basic principle of ADRC. Compared with ALQR (Augmented Linear Quadratic Regulator) controller in full flight envelope, enough numerical verification tests about ADRC controller have carried out. Finally, simulation results show that the closed-loop system based on the ADRC decoupling controller has better disturbance rejection capability than the ones based on ALQR controller.
Optimization and Application of Composite Index Method for Evaluation of Rock Burst Rating
Authors: Zhang Jia Yong , Luo Xin Rong , Guo Li Wen , Gong Xue Min
Published: November 2011

Through the synthetically analysis of the composite index method for evaluation of rock burst rating, the limitation of this method is discussed. Mines have various burst development characteristics, and geological condition and mining technical factors decide different rock burst weights greatly. So this paper prefers an optimal case based on analytic hierarchy process, using cooperation matrix to decide the influence weight of the factors on the burst, and synthetized with the actual impact risk index, which makes the method more precise and objective to evaluate the burst rating to provide a scientific basis for safe investment of the mine.
Filed Test Studies on Internal Force of Pile in Pile-Anchor Supporting System for Deep Foundation Pit
Authors: Wu Chong Fu , Li Chang Hong
Published: November 2011

Through the field test on the laboratory building foundation pit engineering of Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, the distribution and variation rule of steel stress and pile moment is researched and analyzed in the process of the deep foundation pit excavation. The result shows that foundation pit excavation and applied prestressed anchor are the main factors of pile internal force change, furthermore, the latter is more effective than the former. Meanwhile, the influence of top beam to steel stress and moment of pile head can not be ignored especially. The zero position of steel stress and pile moment are basically same, which lies under foundation pit bottom. The use of limit equilibrium method more economical than elastic subgrade method in design over foundation pit bottom, however, which is opposite under it.
Numerical Simulation of the Spray Characteristics in Small Scale Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Chamber
Authors: Zhao Na , Yu Yong Gang , Wang Yu Qiang
Published: November 2011

The mathematical and physical model of the liquid propellant spray in straight nozzle was proposed for studying the performance characteristics of the small-scale liquid rocket engine. With the Fluent software, the numerical simulation was carried out. Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the HAN-based liquid propellant (LP1846) in the engine combustor changing with spray pressure, nozzle diameter and the liquid surface tension were analyzed. The results indicate that: in the spray pressure region of 1.8MPa~3.0MPa, at a fixed spray pressure, the smaller is the nozzle diameter, the smaller is the droplets’ SMD and the relationship between the SMD and the nozzle diameter is approximately linearity; for the same nozzle diameter and spray pressure, the larger is the surface tension, the larger is the liquid droplets’ SMD.
Design and Development on Piezoelectric Ceramic Type Insole 3D Force Measurement System Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Guo Ye Min , Wang Lan Mei , Xue Rui Yong
Published: November 2011

According to the requirements of measurement of plantar pressure and shear stress in the meantime, this thesis puts forward a plan to construct a new insole plantar pressure and shear stress system based on multifunction data acquisition modular and Lab VIEW. Then the hardware part and software part are designed and developed respectively. There are 3 sensors are arrayed at each measurement point, that means 3 sensors are assembled in 3 different directions of X,Y and Z . The piezoelectric ceramic type sensors are designed, manufactured and calibrated according to scientific methods. Meanwhile, the DAQ card is selected carefully. Of course, the software part is developed based on Lab VIEW. A series of tests are performed in order to validate the function of the measurement system. The results satisfy the anticipated design requirements. At last, the problems and application trend of the measurement system are predicted.
Development and Realization of Bag Filter On-Line Monitoring System Based on AC Charge Induction
Authors: Xue Zhao Mei
Published: November 2011

The bag filter is a kind of important de-dusting equipment in the power, metallurgy, chemical and building materials industry. Its operation efficiency and running state are two technical indexes of great importance. As for detection of the two indexes, current existing detection methods have various defects. This paper mainly introduces a bag filter on-line monitoring system based on AC charge induction. By using the international advanced AC charge-coupling technology and digital signal processing technology, it can accurately monitor the bag breaking state of filter and put out alarm. In the bag filter on-line monitoring process, the system well solves the technique difficulties of the measuring equipment in such aspects as anti-blocking, wear resistance, low pressure losses, accuracy and reliability, etc. It has the advantages of high measuring accuracy and easy installation and maintenance, therefore, it can bring certain economic benefits and have the prospect of popularization and application.
Application of Artificial Neural Network for Modeling of Mechanical Cooling Tower
Authors: Huang Wei Shun , Chen Ching Wei , Lee Cheng Wen , Chen Ching Liang , Jan Tien Shuen , Chang Yung Chung , Chang Tse Wen
Published: November 2011

The objective of the study is to focus on the application of the artificial neural network to configure a heat-radiating model for cooling towers within the parameters of fluctuating in air flow or cooling water flow. To achieve the objective, a cooling tower heat balancing equation have been used to instill the correlations between a cooling tower cooling load to the four predefined parameters. Based on the premise established, the parameters of a cooling tower’s air flow and cooling water flow in a modulated process are utilized in an experimental system for collecting relevant operating data. Lastly, the artificial neural network tool derived from the Matlab software is utilized to define the input parameters being – the cooling water temperature, ambient web-bulb temperature, cooling tower air flow, and cooling water flow, with an objective set to instilling a cooling tower model for defining a cooling tower cooling load. In addition, the tested figures are compared to the simulated figures for verifying the cooling tower model. By utilizing the method derived from the model, the mean error of between 0.72 and 2.13% is obtained, with R2 value rated at between 0.97 and 0.99. The experiment findings show a relatively high reliability that can be achieved for configuring a model by using the artificial neural network. With the support of an optimized computation method, the model can be applied as an optimization operating strategy for an air-conditioning system’s cooling water loop.
Study on Characteristics of Metal V-Belt Infinitely Variable Power-Split Transmission
Authors: Pan Hui , Cai Xing
Published: November 2011

Six kinds of torque-splitting and speed-converging metal V-belt IVPST were raised; their global speed ratio and torque ratio of metal V-belt CVT output to metal V-belt IVPST output were derived. Two different torque-splitting and speed-converging metal V-belt IVPSTs were sum up: series and parallel metal V-belt IVPSTs. In series metal V-belt IVPST, speed ratio changing rate and torque ratio were related to gear ratio of planetary gear train and fixed gear transmission, but in parallel metal V-belt IVPST, that were only related to gear ratio of planetary gear train.
The Infrared Characteristics of the Wall Temperature of Boiling Heat Transfer in Microchannel
Authors: Ma Hu Gen , Bai Jian Mei , Xie Rong Jian , Tu Wen Jing
Published: November 2011

In this paper, the boiling heat transfer test rig was designed and built, while the characteristics of boiling Heat Transfer of refrigerants in micro-channel was researched. The wall temperature of micro-channel was measured by TH5104 Infrared thermography. The results showed that there were obvious variations for wall temperature of micro-channel along the axial direction when boiling heat transfer occurred in the micro-channel. The temperature distribution affected obviously by the heat flux, mass flow rate; vapor quality and heat transfer model.
Improvement of Crystal Growth Control System
Authors: Song De Jie , Tan Bo Xue , Liu Jun Cheng
Published: November 2011

For the existing drawbacks in the crucible rotation vertical drop method, the control system is improved. Developed a new control system, overcome the drawbacks of original crystal growth control system, and improve the control precision, and simplify the programming program. Use to prove it reliable, stable, a more perfect crystal growth control system. Now has been formally put into use.
FEM of Residual Stress of EDMed Surfaces
Authors: Biswas Chandan Kumar , Pradhan Mohan Kumar
Published: November 2011

Objective of the present work is to model EDM process using ANSYS software, and to investigate the eﬀects of most signiﬁcant machining parameters (pulse current and pulse duration) on the residual stresses developed in the beneath the spark produced by a single spark. The workpiece material is AISI D2 tool steel. The FEA model is then used to study the relation between these parameters and maximum temperature attended at the end of heating cycle along with residual stress produced at the end of cooling cycle. To establish the residual stresses in the work piece during EDM, the temperature distribution at the end of pulse duration in the work piece has to be estimated ﬁrst, latter on after cooling the residual stress is determined. In addition, residual stress which is the main aspect responsible for component failure, and the location of tensile peak stress, at the end of cooling cycle are investigated.
The Effects of Materials Properties & Angle Junction on Stress Concentration at Interface of Dissimilar Materials
Authors: Arezoodar Alireza Fallahi , Baladi Ali
Published: November 2011

In dissimilar material joints, failure often occurs along the interface between two materials due to stress singularity. Stress distribution and its concentration depend on materials and geometry of the junction as the stress concentration depends on grain orientation and its stiffness matrix of neighboring grains in micro-scale. Inhomogenity of stress distribution at the interface of junction of two materials with different elastic modules and stress concentration in this zone are the main factors resulting in rupture of the junction. Effect of materials properties, thickness, and joining angle at the interface of aluminum-polycarbonate will be discussed in this paper. Computer simulation and finite element analysis by ABAQUS showed that convex interfacial joint leads to stress reduction at junction corners in compare with straight joint. This finding is confirmed by photoelastic experimental results.
The Suspension System Design for the Tensioner of the Ocean Pipeline Barge
Authors: Guo Zhi Ping , Zhang Chao , Li Bao Zong , Wang Lian Lei , Zhang Shi Min
Published: November 2011

Based on the variable stiffness elastic principle, completed three series of variable stiffness elastic suspension system design for the ocean pipe laying tensioners, effectively improved the clamping ability of the tensioner when the local pipe diameter is changing, and improved the overall stress environment of the tensioner. Established non-linear mathematical model and got the impact of instant response and response force by using the Matlab software.
Realization CNC Controller Enable Machine Condition Monitoring Architecture Based on STEP-NC Data Model
Authors: Ridwan Firman , Xu Xun
Published: November 2011

The drive for increased productivity, reduced production time and cost, reduced defective parts and relaxed machine design constraints, pushes for real-time control and optimization for machining operations. This vision can be realized if the current CNC controllers can be adaptable, portable, interoperable and intelligent in responding quickly and efficiently in the product lifecycle domain. In this study, the development of a realization CNC controller enabled machine condition monitoring architecture based on STEP-NC data model to support an automated and intelligent machining environment is introduced. The controller allows canonical machine commands to be executed with a fuzzy feed-rate optimization modul to serve the purpose of allowing in-process optimization to be automatically incorporated during on-going machining operation. This research has shown that it is more prolific to utilize high-level data structure as well as a universal interface for machine execution.
Knowledge sharing behaviour and demographic variables amongst secondary school teachers in and around Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Mogotsi Isaac C. , Boon J. A. , Fletcher Lizelle
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between knowledge sharing behaviour and the demographic variables gender, age, organisational tenure and professional tenure. Following a correlational survey approach, the study sourced its data from senior secondary school teachers in and around Gaborone, Botswana. Knowledge sharing behaviour was measured using an instrument sourced from the extant literature. No statistically significant relationship was detected between knowledge sharing behaviour and gender, age, or professional tenure. Only organisational tenure weakly negatively correlated with knowledge sharing behaviour. Thus, according to these findings, demographic variables do not appear to be important determinants of knowledge sharing behaviour.
Violence as development? A challenge to the church
Authors: Landman Christina
Published: November 2011

Dullstroom-Emnotweni was the site of protests against the lack of service delivery by local government in 2009. The local leadership of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa was confronted with challenges when its members got involved in acts of violence both from the side of the community and from the side of the police. Viewing itself as an asset to the community and an agent in its development towards health and wellbeing, the church was challenged by the situation in its prophetic capacity as well as in its relationship with the �state�. In an attempt to negotiate answers to the church�s relationship with the �state� in situations of violence, the uprising in Dullstroom-Emnotweni is used as a case study, and Calvin�s notion of the church as a world-transforming agent, the views of African women theologians on nonviolence, the practical piety of local religiousness, and the memory of systems of governance as �evil� are used as intertexts to define the church�s position vis-�-vis violence as an option for development. A position of caution is taken, a position in which the church retains both its political distance and its prophetic voice, remains true to its calling as an asset to community development, and condones violence cautiously when development is at stake.
The Nile River and Egyptian Foreign Policy Interests
Authors: Hassan Hamdy
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Cooperation between Egypt and Sudan over the Nile River Waters: The Challenges of Duality
Authors: Deng Biong Kuol
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Nile River Question and the Riparian States: Contextualising Uganda’s Foreign Policy Interests
Authors: Okoth P. Godfrey
Published: November 2011

Abstract
South African Corporations and post- Apartheid Expansion in Africa – creating a new regional space
Authors: Miller Darlene
Published: November 2011

Abstract
South African Capital in the Land of Ujamaa: Contested Terrain in Tanzania1
Authors: Schroeder Richard A.
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Milking the region? South African capital and Zambia’s dairy industry
Authors: Kenny Bridget
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The impact of regional integration initiatives and investment in a southern African crossborder region: The Maputo Development Corridor
Authors: Roodt Monty J.
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Can the ‘African household’ be presented meaningfully in large-scale surveys?
Authors: Rabe Marlize
Published: November 2011

Abstract
State-in-Society: the Mutual Constitutiveness of the Developmental State and Higher Education in South Africa
Authors: Thaver Beverly , Thaver Lionel
Published: November 2011

Seeking to go beyond the pessimism and reification of contemporary analyses of the state inAfrica, this article applies Migdal’s State in Society (2001) approach to the field of highereducation transformation in South Africa. It argues that the state is best understood throughits actual practices, particularly at those points where it reaches into society through policyimplementation and, conversely, where society through its institutions in turn reaches into thestate. In the course of these engagements, social boundaries are constituted through alliances,accommodations and resistances and have a mutually transformative effect on both stateand society. The article shows how, with regard to both the image and the practices of thestate, the relationship between the developmental state and higher education in South Africareveals a range of tensions around issues such as accountability, autonomy, transformation andglobalisation; and it concludes that Migdal’s approach offers a fruitful theoretical corrective tostate-centric and socio-centric views of the state-society relationship
Multiple Discourses On Sexuality Implications For Translating Sexual Wellness Concept Into Action Strategies In A Kenyan Context
Authors: Ahlberg Beth Maina , Kamau Anne , Maina Faith , Kulane Asli
Published: November 2011

This Paper attemps to map, drawing mainly from HIV and AIDS prevention interventions, the multiple discourses on sexuality. The aim is to provide a picture of the challenges and opportunities in transforming the concept of sexual wellness currently being articulated. This isa move from the commonly held view of sexuality as a threat to health, to one promoting sexualwellness or positive view of sexuality. A postcolonial conceptual perspective is used to help graspthe multiple-realities emerging from the historical influences on Africa and for reflexivity on the ambivalences and representations of Africa and African culture including sexuality.
Statutory Law, Patriarchy and Inheritance: Home ownership among Widows in Uganda
Authors: Asiimwe Florence Akiiki
Published: November 2011

This paper discusses the ways in which urban widows in Uganda are deprived of home ownership upon the death of their husbands. It is based on a qualitative research conducted in the middle-income areas of Kampala between 2004 and 2007. The results show that the institutional legal framework and the patriarchal customary practices and beliefs deprive widows of home  ownership notwithstanding the gender sensitive Constitution. The study also shows that the special ways in which widows are able to inherit the matrimonial home upon the death of their husbands demonstrate the difficulty widows face to become home owners.
La revue scientifique : un élément d’analyse des sciences humaines et sociales
Authors: Gérard Etienne , Kleiche-Dray Mina
Published: November 2011

L’article se propose d’aborder la question de la structuration du champ des sciences humaines etsociales, en prenant pour “entrée” les revues scientifiques de ces disciplines, en particulier dansle cas de la production scientifique marocaine. Il s’agit, à travers l’analyse de la structure et dufonctionnement d’un ensemble de revues de sciences humaines et sociales, de montrer que cetteproduction constitue un indice de la structuration de ce champ scientifique. L’article montrenotamment qu’à une focalisation disciplinaire correspond un certain recentrage des revues surelles-mêmes — donc un certain regroupement des chercheurs autour d’objets scientifiques, denormes de publication, ou encore de modèles de traitement de ces objets. Par ailleurs, des supports de publication comme les revues se resserrent autour de certains objets scientifiques, et doivent probablement l’importance croissante de leur noyau de contributeurs à cette spécialisation et à la visibilité peu à peu acquise par la revue ; en somme, à un certain monopole de la production scientifique.
Zimbabwean History: Becoming Complex
Authors: Moore David
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Purpose, Human Sociality and Nature in Akiwowo’s Sociology of Knowledge: A Realist Interpretation.
Authors: Ademoyo Adeolu
Published: November 2011

This paper advances the view that there is an ontological commitment in Akiwowo’s sociology of knowledge which offers an exposition of his thought on purpose, human sociality, nature and society. The paper defends a realist interpretation of this ontology. It argues that a realist interpretation of Akiwowo’s account of human sociality, nature and society shows two major conclusions.One, social actions in society are human actions. Human actions are not isolated atoms. Therefore social actions are linked by the agency and, subjectivity of the human which is imbued with values and her/his capacity of sociality. Two, a condition for the continuous existence of a society is that such society has goals. The evidence for this is simple: we see it. This view of society differs from the traditional view of purposiveness in society. The paper suggests that these two conclusions show Akiwowo’s theoretical distance from positivism. This rejection of positivism moves him closer to a natural law position.
Habitudes de lecture et performances scolaires des élèves des classes de 3ème et de 1ère de la ville de Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
Authors: Sissao Alain Joseph , Félix Compaoré , Kevane Michael Kevane Michael
Published: November 2011

La pratique de la lecture par les élèves dans les classes de troisième et de seconde de la ville de Ouagadougou est fortement corrélée par la présence d’une bibliothèque dans leurs établisse-ments ou dans un rayon pas trop éloignée de leur lieu de résidence, Les élèves de première lisent plus que ceux des troisième. Les .filles lisent plus que les garçons. Les élèves de la ville lisent autant que ceux des provinces. De même, la lecture influe positivement sur les résultats des élèves qui ont l’habitude de lire. ce sont les .filles plutôt que les garçons qui sont influencées par l’accès au livres et qui ont une plus forte corrélation entre lire et réussir a l’école Ainsi, les .filles qui lisent plus que les garçons, enregistrent conséquemment de meilleures notes.
Les Ecosystemes Forestiers au Congo-Kinshasa!: Entre Exploitation et Preservation
Authors: Mbambu Félicien Kabamba
Published: November 2011

Trois grands massifs forestiers existent dans le monde : l’Amazonie, l’Asie du sud-est et le bassin du Congo. Si les deux premiers sont abondamment exploités, la forêt du bassin du Congo est, comparée aux autres, relativement préservée. La République démocratique du Congo abrite plus de 48% des réserves de ce patrimoine. Faiseur de prospérité, ce potentiel naturel n’a pu à ce jour améliorer la qualité de vie des populations congolaises. Ce diificile paradoxe de coexistence des richesses naturelles aux cotés des populations pauvres appelle des réftexions de fond. Jusque- là, la principale caractéristique de la gouvernance forestière a été l’exclusion des populations locales à la gestion du patrimoine forestier.Les réformes initiées nous mettent devant deux logiques : celle de la préservation encouragée par la communauté internationale et celle de l’exploitation nécessaire pour le décollage des économies locales. Ces deux exigences, préservation et exploitation sont inséparables étant donné que l’exploitation doit toujours s’accompagner d’une contribution de la forêt au développement durable des communautés locales, au sens d’activité génératrice de prospérité et de revenus pour le bien être communautaire.Cette position du problème permet de mieux situer l’analyse idéologique et sociologique de ce dualisme, de fonder socialement l’action politique et, par dérivation, de cerner les contours d’une approche participative qui doit intégrer les communautés locales dans les stratégies de conservation des ressources forestières.
Understanding Gender-based Violence: Evidence from Kilimanjaro Assessment of Rombo and Moshi Rural
Authors: Jane Saffitz
Published: November 2011

This paper presents findings from an empirical study on the prevalence and beliefs surroundinggender-based violence (gBv) in the Kilimanjaro region. The analysis and ensuing discussion is the result of a representative sample of adults (n=384) surveyed in two districts, Rombo and Moshi Rural, in Kilimanjaro, tanzania. In contrast to previous research of a similar nature, which has focused primarily on the frequency of violence, this study devotes significant atten- tion discerning the level of social acceptability among its victims and perpetrators situated in a legal and cultural framework. I find that alcohol consumption and the number of deceased children within a household have a direct correlation to incidences of gBv while an indi- vidual’s level of education and degree of financial independence are inversely related to rates of violence. The influence of bride price and polygamy is inconclusive. finally, I find that although a portion of the population believes women should have decision-making capabilities, patri- archal institutions and a culture that relegates women as inferior have a significant impact on individual attitudes among men and women to preserve the status quo. These results suggest a greater need to promote a culture of egalitarianism in a sensitive and relevant manner.
QUO VADIS AFRICA UNION? SOME RESEARCH AGENDAS
Authors: Roseline M. Achieng
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Annonce du diagnostic et rupture biographique
Authors: Tinsa Francine
Published: November 2011

The paper refers to the « grounded theory » (théorisation ancrée) targeting an indepth exploration of the announcement of the diagnosis as one of the first compo- nents of the trajectory of cancer. We considered first the theory of the contexts aware- ness, formulated in 1965 by Strauss and Glaser. The contexts of the announcement of diagnosis have been identified as major categories through an inductive analysis within the empiric phase. They have been built based on different announcement strategies recorded during the observation of the practitioners’ intentions, on expectations expressed by patients in term of information, on specific conditions around the actions. The key in- formants (n= 21) are patients having cancer and hospitalized for chemotherapy. Other lo- cal informants (clinical oncologists, volunteers, parents and closers, hospital cadres…)have contribute to the data collection. The aim is to address the practitioners’ motivations and the meaning they give to the step of the announcement of the diagnosis. We also aim at recontextualizing that step according to the tutoring planned by the normative instance. The paper analyses specific conditions linked to the organizational contexts that slow the scope of opening. We are wondering about the impact of such lack of opening and introduction to the disease as well as about the next steps of each therapeutic itinerary.
Negotiating the search for diagnosis and healing tuberculosis in Namibia. A case study of a Ju/’hoansi speaking man.
Authors: Diana Gibson
Published: November 2011

This case study of tuberculosis among Ju/’hoansi speakers in a small village in Otjodzondjupadistrict, namibia, shows how different notions concerning tuberculosis and TB-like complaints become a area of uncertainty and even contention in a situation where tuberculosis education is good but diagnostics, and by extension treatment, are not always easily accessible. The paper argues that culturalism in the health services turns attention away from the socio-economic and political aspects of tuberculosis. it furthermore shows that Ju/’hoansi speakers have to turn to plant medicines to deal with their ill health when the interface with the health care ser- vices become problematic. Plants are understood as standing in a particular relationship with humans andwith nature as well. Yet the use of plant medicines is also a terrain of medicinal knowledge andpractice contested by the health care services as potentially unsafe and counter- productive to TB treatment.
SAVIOURS and SURVIVORS: Darfur, Politics and the War on Terror
Authors: Mahmood Mamdani
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Globalisation and Social Sciences in Africa
Authors: Sawyerr Akilagpa
Published: November 2011

Abstract
African Factory Management: A Study of Some Factories in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Oloyede Olajide
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Africa 's Pasts and Africa 's Historians
Authors: Frederick Cooper
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Anthropology: The Study of Social and Cultural Originality
Authors: Jane I Guyer
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Toward an Explanation of Cross-Sector Differences in Job Satisfaction and Organisational Attachment Among Agricultural Technicians in Kenya
Authors: Munyae M. Mulinge
Published: November 2011

Existing research carried out mainly in industrialised nations shows that there exist variations in job satisfaction and organisational commitment across employment sectors. Utilising data from agricultural technicians employed in the public, parastatal and private sectors in Kenya, this study tests/or, and attempts an explanation of, such variations. Two com­ peting explanations, the structural and the dispositional arguments, are assessed. While the former emphasises differences in the structural fea­ tures of the workplace as being accountable for variations in job satisfac­tion and attachment across sectors, the latter captures possible cross-sector employee differences in dispositional ajfectivities and work motivation due to differential selection into the sectors. The results show that private sector technicians are higher in mean job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and intention to stay relative to their coun­ terparts in the public and parastatal sectors. Structuralfeatures of work that exist across economic sectors are found to be responsible for such differences. No support is found for the dispositional argument. It is con­cluded that work sector is important in determining employee levels of job satisfaction and organisational attachment but it is the cross-sector differences in the structural conditions of the workplace that produce the cross-sector variations in satisfaction, commitment and intent to stay.
Jul'hoansi Adaptations to a Cash Economy
Authors: Grant S. McCall
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Globalisation and Migration in Africa
Authors: John K. Akokpari
Published: November 2011

The paper argues that there is a growing interconnection between globalisation on the one hand, and migration (both intra- and interstate) on the other. In general migration in Africa is largely informal and undocumented, making accurate data on the phenomenon extremely scant. This notwithstanding, there is evidence of the phenomenal increase in the wave of migration on the continent. The conventional causes of migration, including conflicts, political oppression, economic crisis and environmental factors, have in recent years been reinforced by globalisation which unleashes fresh pressures that either facilitate or compound the already huge and seemingly unmanageable migration problematique on the continent. The paper demonstrates the various ways by which globalisation impacts on migration. Among other things, it notes the unencumbered movement of capital accompanied by capitalists across state borders, the formation of regional trading blocs as a logical response to the imperatives of globalisation, which promote the free movement of people within regions, and the deepening of disparities between countries, which spawns the movement of people from the poor to the more affluent countries. Further, the paper analyses the impact of globalisation on Africa's already fragile environment and argues that there is a growing tendency for diminishing environmental resources to generate conflicts between user constituencies. Such conflicts displace people and exert migratory pressures. It is argued further that, while globalisation promotes greater migration, most African states, especially the relatively affluent, are increasingly closing their borders to immi­ grants because of a variety of reasons, including the fear of emigrants engaging in criminal activities. The paper concludes that the imbalance between increased migration and shrinking immigration opportunities leads to the adoption of informal alternatives by emigrants to get to their destinations.
The impact of globalisation on environmental politics in South Africa, 1990-2002
Authors: Jacklyn Cock  , David Fig
Published: November 2011

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African Intellectuals and the African Crisis: In Honour of Pro/essor Ben Makhosezwe Magubane
Authors: Herbert W. Vilikazi
Published: November 2011

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HIV/AIDS in Kenya: Moving beyond policy and rhetoric
Authors: Mary Amuyunzu-Nyamongo
Published: November 2011

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Justice Perceptions in the Workplace: Gender Differences in Kenya.
Authors: Charles W. Mueller  , Munyae Mulinge
Published: November 2011

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‘Down with the devil, Forward with Christ!' A study of the interface between religious and political discourses in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ezra Chitando
Published: November 2011

The relationship between religion and politics in Africa has been approached from a multiplicity of angles. Many commentators have ana­ lysed the role of churches in democratisation processes in the postcolonial period, while others have examined the impact of religion on ethnie imagination. African Traditional Religions and their contribution to African liberation struggles have also received considerable scholarly attention. This article builds upon the available reflections on religion and politics. lt examines the inte,face between religious and political dis­ courses in Zimbabwe from the late 1990s. While many scholars adopt a deterministic interpretative framework, I argue that there has been a dynamic interchange and free borrowing of phrases, catchwords and ide­ologies between the religious and political arenas. I also maintain that as the social, political and economic climate worsened in Zimbabwe, reli­ gious and political rhetoric became pronounced. Religion and politics injluenced each other in ways that call for a rethinking of traditional for­ mulations, I argue in the conclusion.
Sociology and Yoruba Studies: epistemic intervention or doing sociology in the 'vernacular'?
Authors: Jimi O. Adesina
Published: November 2011

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Globalisation, Equity and Social Development
Authors: Thandika Mkandawire
Published: November 2011

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Third Worldism and Internationalism
Authors: Andrew Nash
Published: November 2011

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Visiting the Issue of Uncertainty in Contemporary African Lives: An Introduction
Authors: Liv Haram  , Bawa Yamba,
Published: November 2011

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Negotiating Marriage on the Eve of Human Rights
Authors: Kirsten Besendahl
Published: November 2011

This paper examines the case of women’s rights in marriage. It adopts a pluralist perspective on law and rights that highlights the complex legal framework within which women negotiate marriage. Based on research carried out in two Malawian cities in 2000-2001, it focuses on the interplay between different types of laws and norms related to marriage and discusses the opportunities and limitations women experience when negotiating polygynous marriages. One important aspect of the plural legal framework in contemporary Africa is the concept of human rights, which has accompanied the democratisation proces. The paper draws attention women’s rights on the legal framework inMalawi.
Male Violence against Women in Botswana: A Discussion of Gendered Uncertainties in a Rapidly Changing Environment
Authors: Godisang Mookodi
Published: November 2011

Male violence against women has become commonplace in contempo­rary Botswana. Analyses ofgender-based violence in Botswana indicate that men are acting out their dominance through acts of violence. This dominance is created and reinforced by patriarchal belieJ:s and practices. The discussions are characterised by notions offemale victimhood and universal male dominance. This paper contextualises male violence against women by examining the role played by economic and social change in the shaping ofgender identities and relations. !show that white contemporary jàrms a/male dominance have resulted /rom their privi-­leged access over time to resources such as wages and property, men also face uncertainties of' unemployment and reduced social status. l also show that rather than assuming the role of passive victims, women have developed, and continue to develop, contradictory survival strategies such as cohabitation and sexual relations that not only reinfàrce notions of male dominance but sometimes also challenge power relations and render some men victims.
South African multinational corporations, NEPAD and competing regional claims on Post- Apartheid Southern Africa
Authors: Darlene Miller
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Genocidal Violence in the Making of Nation and State in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekuria Bulcha
Published: November 2011

Based on a qualitative historical-sociological investigation of the incidents of mass-killings that have been registered during the last one hundred and fifty years, this study concludes that both the unification of the Abyssinian state between 1850s and 1870s and the creation of the Ethiopian empire state during last quarter of the nineteenth century were accomplished through wars that were clearly genocidal. Though their aims were building a state, there were differences between the types of state and nation envisaged by the two ‘categories’ of rulers. The attempts of the nineteenth century rulers were to purge the Abyssinian state of non-Abyssinian religious and ethnic communities they perceived as ‘alien’ in order to build an exclusive Abyssinian state and a homogenous Abyssinian nation. The nationalism of late nineteenth century rulers, as represented by its architect Menelik II, was expansionist. Abandoning the idea of Abyssinian homogeneity, they opted for hegemony over other peoples they had conquered in the heyday of the European scramble for Africa. The result was a multinational empire state. This study shows that policies used to build and maintain the empire state were implemented using methods that were ethnically oppressive, immensely exploitative, and genocidal. This had triggered ethnic nationalism that has been at logger-heads with the ‘official’ nationalism of the dominant ethnic group. Moreover, the conflict between the two brands of nationalism had increased in tandem with rising ethnic consciousness and intensified since the mid 1970s as a consequence the policies of the Dergue. In order to legitimate the state, control dissent, and stay in power the ruling elites built a huge military apparatus and used retributive genocidal killings. The study confirms that there is clear nexus between authoritarian rule, man-made famines, and genocide in Ethiopia. It suggests that there are several warning signs showing that genocide is in the making today. Taking the international context into account, the study indicates that the role of some Western etting rather than deterringgenocide in Ethiopia.
Explaining ‘godfatherism’ in Nigerian Politics
Authors: Isaac Olawale Albert
Published: November 2011

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Demili ta ri sation and Peace-Building in Southern Africa: Under standing the Oppor tu nities Lost
Authors: Peter Vale
Published: November 2011

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Satellite climatology of cloud liquid water path over the Southeast Pacific between 2002 and 2009
Authors: O'Neill L. W. , Wang S. , Jiang Q.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Spatial and temporal variability of liquid water path (LWP) over the southeast Pacific is described using LWP observations made by four satellite microwave radiometers (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer on EOS-Aqua (AMSR-E), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) F13 and F15 satellites) for the 7-yr period June 2002–May 2009. This study quantifies seasonal and interannual variability of the LWP and LWP diurnal and semi-diurnal cycles at 30-day intervals during the 7-yr analysis period. The LWP field shows considerable spatial and seasonal variability throughout the southeast Pacific, particularly associated with the southern branch of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (SITCZ) and the Southeast Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). Two distinct annual cycles of LWP are apparent, both of which peak during the austral autumn. One is associated with an active phase of the SITCZ, while the other is associated with increased LWP in the SITCZ, SPCZ, and near coastal zones, and decreased LWP elsewhere. Consistent with previous observations, the LWP diurnal cycle peaks during the early morning and has the largest amplitude in a broad region near 85° W, 20° S. The amplitude of the LWP diurnal cycle exhibits a strong annual cycle which peaks during the austral summer. A secondary annual cycle in the LWP diurnal cycle amplitude peaks during the austral autumn south of 20° S and is a minimum within a zonal band between 8° S and 20° S. Finally, although this satellite combination barely resolves semi-diurnal LWP variability, it is shown that a statistically significant semi-diurnal cycle of LWP occurs off Peru and northern Chile, consistent with previous analyses. The amplitude of the LWP semidiurnal cycle tends to peak during the austral spring.