bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective equation of state of a radiatively cooling gas
Authors: Lee Yueh-Ning
Published: February 2024

Context. The temperature of the interstellar medium (ISM) is governed by several physical processes, including radiative cooling, external UV/cosmic-ray heating, and mechanical work due to compression and expansion. In regimes where the dynamical effect is important, the temperature deviates from that derived by simply balancing the heating and cooling functions. This renders the expression of the gas energy evolution with a simple equation of state (EOS) less straightforward.

Aims. Given a cooling function, the behavior of the gas is subject to the combined effect of dynamical compression and radiative cooling. The goal of the present work is to derive the effective EOS of a collapsing gas within a full fluid solution.

Methods. We solved the Navier-Stokes equations with a parametric cooling term in spherical coordinates, and looked for a self-similar collapse solution.

Results. We present a solution that describes a cloud that is contracting while losing energy through radiation. This yields an effective EOS that can be generally applied to various ISM contexts, where the cooling function is available from first principles and is expressed as a power-law product of the density and temperature.

Conclusions. Our findings suggest that a radiatively cooling gas under self-gravitating collapse can easily manifest an effective polytropic EOS, even isothermal in many scenarios. The present model provides theoretical justification for the simplifying isothermal assumptions of simulations at various scales, and can also provide a more realistic thermal recipe without additional computation costs.
JADES: Insights into the low-mass end of the mass–metallicity–SFR relation at 3 < z < 10 from deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy
Authors: Curti Mirko , Maiolino Roberto , Curtis-Lake Emma , Chevallard Jacopo , Carniani Stefano , D’Eugenio Francesco , Looser Tobias J. , Scholtz Jan , Charlot Stephane , Cameron Alex , Übler Hannah , Witstok Joris , Boyett Kristian , Laseter Isaac , Sandles Lester , Arribas Santiago , Bunker Andrew , Giardino Giovanna , Maseda Michael V. , Rawle Tim , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Smit Renske , Willott Chris J. , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Hausen Ryan , Johnson Benjamin , Rieke Marcia , Robertson Brant , Tacchella Sandro , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher , Baker William M. , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Egami Eiichi , Helton Jakob M. , Ji Zhiyuan , Kumari Nimisha , Perna Michele , Shivaei Irene , Sun Fengwu
Published: February 2024

We analysed the gas-phase metallicity properties of a sample of low-stellar-mass (log M⋆/M⊙ ≲ 9) galaxies at 3 < z < 10 observed with JWST/NIRSpec as part of the JADES programme in its deep GOODS-S tier. By combining this sample with more massive galaxies at similar redshifts from other programmes, we study the scaling relations between stellar mass (M⋆), oxygen abundance (O/H), and star-formation rate (SFR) for 146 galaxies spanning three orders of magnitude in stellar mass and out to the epoch of early galaxy assembly. We find evidence for a shallower slope at the low-mass end of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR), with 12+log(O/H) = (7.72 ± 0.02) + (0.17 ± 0.03) log(M⋆/108 M⊙), in good agreement with the MZR probed by local analogues of high-redshift systems, such as the ‘Green Pea’ and ‘Blueberry’ galaxies. The inferred slope is well matched by models including ‘momentum-driven’ supernova (SN) winds, suggesting that feedback mechanisms in dwarf galaxies (and at high z) might be different from those in place at higher masses. The evolution in the normalisation is observed to be relatively mild compared to previous determinations of the MZR at z ∼ 3 (∼0.1 − 0.2 dex across the explored mass regime). We observe a deviation from the local fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) for our sample at high redshift, especially at z > 6, with galaxies significantly less enriched than predicted given their M⋆ and SFR (with a median offset in log(O/H) of ∼0.5 dex, significant at ∼5σ). These observations are consistent with an enhanced stochasticity in the gas accretion and star-formation history of high-redshift systems, prompting us to reconsider the nature of the relationship between M⋆, O/H, and SFR in the early Universe.
The universal power spectrum of quasars in optical wavelengths
Authors: Arévalo P. , Churazov E. , Lira P. , Sánchez-Sáez P. , Bernal S. , Hernández-García L. , López-Navas E. , Patel P.
Published: February 2024

Context. The optical variability of quasars is one of the few windows through which we can explore the behaviour of accretion discs around supermassive black holes.

Aims. We aim to establish the dependence of variability properties, such as characteristic timescales and the variability amplitude, on basic quasar parameters such as black hole mass and the accretion rate, controlling for the rest-frame wavelength of emission.

Methods. Using large catalogues of quasars, we selected the g-band light curves for 4770 objects from the Zwicky Transient Facility archive. All the selected objects fall into a narrow redshift bin, 0.6 < z < 0.7, but cover a wide range of accretion rates in Eddington units (REdd) and black hole masses (M). We grouped these objects into 26 independent bins according to these parameters, calculated low-resolution g-band variability power spectra for each of these bins, and approximated the power spectra with a simple analytic model that features a break at a timescale, tb.

Results. We find a clear dependence of the break timescale, tb, on REdd, on top of the known dependence of tb on the black hole mass, M. In our fits, tb ∝ M0.65 − 0.55REdd0.35−0.3, where the ranges in the exponents correspond to the best-fitting parameters of different power spectrum models. This mass dependence is slightly steeper than that found in other studies. Scaling tb to the orbital timescale of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), tISCO, results approximately in tb/tISCO ∝ (REdd/M)0.35. In the standard thin disc model, (REdd/M) ∝ Tmax4, where Tmax is the maximum disc temperature, so that tb/tISCO appears to scale approximately with the maximum temperature of the disc to a small power. The observed values of tb are ∼10 longer than the orbital timescale at the light-weighted average radius of the disc region emitting in the (observer frame) g-band. The different scaling of the break frequency with M and REdd shows that the shape of the variability power spectrum cannot be solely a function of the quasar luminosity, even for a single rest-frame wavelength. Finally, the best-fitting models have slopes above the break in the range between −2.5 and −3. A slope of −2, as in the damped random walk models, fits the data significantly worse.
Extended scene deep-phase-retrieval Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors
Authors: Zhang Manting , Zhang Lanqiang , Rao Xuejun , Bao Hua , Guo Youming , Rao Changhui
Published: February 2024

Context. Strong atmospheric turbulence has been a challenge for high-resolution imaging of solar telescopes. Adaptive optics (AO) systems are capable of improving the quality of imaging by correcting partial aberrations. Thus, the performance of Shack-Hartmann sensors in measuring aberrations generally determines the upper performance bound of AO systems. In solar AO, classic correlation Shack-Hartmann sensors only correct a small number of modal aberrations. Moreover, strong aberrations are difficult to measure stably by correlation Shack-Hartmann. In this context, the improvement in the performance of Shark-Hartmann sensors promises to enable higher-resolution imaging of extended objects for ground-based telescopes or Earth observation.

Aims. We propose a new extended scene deep-phase-retrieval Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing approach to improve the image quality of solar telescopes. It is capable of achieving high-accuracy measurements of high-spatial-resolution wavefronts on extended scene wavefront sensing. Moreover, it has great generalization when observing unknown objects from different fields of view of the telescope.

Methods. Our proposed approach can extract features resembling the sub-aperture point spread function (PSF) from a Shack-Hartmann sensor image without any prior information. Then a convolutional neural network is used to establish a nonlinear mapping between the feature image and the wavefront modal coefficients. The extracted feature greatly eliminates the shape information of the extended object while maintaining more information related to aberrations. We verified the performance of the proposed method through simulations and experiments.

Results. In the indoor experiment on the ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) of the 1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope, compared to the Shack-Hartmann correlation method, the proposed method reduces the correction errors by more than one third. When observing objects from different fields of view in the GLAO that differ from the object in the training data, the relative errors fluctuate within the range of 20% to 26%. The AO system with the proposed wavefront measurement method can obtain higher-resolution focal images of the simulated solar granulation after a round of offline correction. The average latency of the proposed method is about 0.6 ms.
The photospheres of the hottest fastest stars in the Galaxy
Authors: Werner Klaus , Reindl Nicole , Rauch Thomas , El-Badry Kareem , Bédard Antoine
Published: February 2024

We perform nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model atmosphere analyses of the three hottest hypervelocity stars (space velocities between ≈1500–2800 km s−1) known to date, which were recently discovered spectroscopically and identified as runaways from Type Ia supernovae. The hottest of the three (J0546+0836, effective temperature Teff = 95 000 ± 15 000 K, surface gravity log 𝑔 = 5.5 ± 0.5) has an oxygen-dominated atmosphere with a significant amount of carbon (C = 0.10 ± 0.05, O = 0.90 ± 0.05, mass fractions). Its mixed absorption+emission line spectrum exhibits photospheric absorption lines from O v and O vi as well as O iii and O iv emission lines that are formed in a radiation-driven wind with a mass-loss rate of the order of Ṁ= 10−8 M⊙ yr−1. Spectroscopically, J0546+0836 is a [WC]–PG1159 transition-type pre-white dwarf. The second object (J0927–6335) is a PG1159-type white dwarf with a pure absorption-line spectrum dominated by C III/C IV and O III/O IV. We find Teff = 60 000 ± 5000 K, log 𝑔 = 7.0 ± 0.5, and a carbon-and oxygen-dominated atmosphere with C = 0.47 ± 0.25, O = 0.48 ± 0.25, and possibly a minute amount of helium (He = 0.05 ± 0.05). Comparison with post-AGB evolutionary tracks suggests a mass of M ≈ 0.5 M⊙ for both objects, if such tracks can safely be applied to these stars. We find the third object (J1332−3541) to be a relatively massive (M = 0.89 M⊙) hydrogen-rich (DAO) white dwarf with Teff = 65 657 ± 2390 K, log 𝑔 = 8.38 ± 0.08, and abundances H = 0.65 ± 0.04 and He = 0.35 ± 0.04. We discuss our results in the context of the “dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation” (D6) scenario proposed for the origin of these stars.
Ultra-deep imaging of NGC 1052-DF2 and NGC 1052-DF4 to unravel their origins
Authors: Golini Giulia , Montes Mireia , Carrasco Eleazar R. , Román Javier , Trujillo Ignacio
Published: February 2024

A number of scenarios have been proposed to explain the low velocity dispersion (and hence possible absence of dark matter) of the low surface brightness galaxies NGC 1052-DF2 and NGC 1052-DF4. Most of the proposed mechanisms are based on the removal of dark matter via the interaction of these galaxies with other objects. A common feature of these processes is the prediction of very faint tidal tails, which should be revealed by deep imaging (μg > 30 mag arcsec−2). Using ultra-deep images obtained with the Gemini telescopes, about 1 mag deeper than previously published data, we analyzed the possible presence of tidal tails in both galaxies. We confirm the presence of tidal tails in NGC 1052-DF4, but see no evidence for tidal effects in NGC 1052-DF2, down to surface brightnesses of μg = 30.9 mag arcsec−2. We therefore conclude that while the absence of dark matter in NGC 1052-DF4 could be attributed to the removal of dark matter by gravitational interactions, in the case of NGC 1052-DF2 this explanation seems less plausible, and therefore other possibilities such as an incorrect distance measurement or that the system may be rotating could alleviate the dark matter problem.
Optical tomography of the born-again ejecta of A 58
Authors: Montoro-Molina B. , Tafoya D. , Guerrero M. A. , Toalá J. A. , Santamaría E.
Published: February 2024

In a born-again planetary nebula (PN), processed H-deficient material has been injected inside the old, H-rich nebula as a result of a very late thermal pulse (VLTP) event. Long-slit spectra have been used to unveil the chemical and physical differences between these two structures, but the ejection and shaping processes still remain unclear. To peer into the morpho-kinematics of the H-deficient ejecta in the born-again PN A 58, we present the first integral field spectroscopic observations of a born-again PN as obtained with GTC MEGARA. We detect emission from the Hα, He I, [O III], [N II] and [S II] emission lines, which help us unveil the expansion patterns of the different structures. In combination with ALMA and Hubble Space Telescope data we have been able to produce a complete view of the H-deficient ionized and molecular ejecta in A 58. We propose an hourglass structure for the ionized material, which embraces molecular high-velocity polar components and is simultaneously bisected by an expanding toroidal molecular and dusty structure. Our results leverage the role of a companion in shaping the VLTP ejecta in this born-again PN.
Tidal disruption event associated with the quasi-periodic eruptions from GSN 069: Possible disruption of a common envelope
Authors: Wang Di
Published: February 2024

Context. X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) from the galactic nucleus have been found in several galaxies. Among them, GSN 069 is the only one with a tidal disruption event (TDE), which was recently found to have brightened again 9 years after the main outburst.

Aims. However, the origin of this TDE is still unclear. This Letter explores a particular model for the TDE.

Methods. By comparing the fallback time with observations, we found the TDE could not be caused by the disruption of the envelope of a single star in the tidal stripping model. Thus, we suggest that it is a disruption of a common envelope (CE).

Results. By calculating the fallback rate of such a model, we reproduced the second peak in the observed TDE light curve. If this model is correct, this TDE will be the closest observation to a direct observation of CE, which has never been directly observed.
Quasi-perpendicular shocks of galaxy clusters in hybrid kinetic simulations
Authors: Boula S. S. , Niemiec J. , Amano T. , Kobzar O.
Published: February 2024

Context. Cosmic ray acceleration in galaxy clusters is still an ongoing puzzle, with relativistic electrons forming radio relics at merger shocks and emitting synchrotron radiation. These shocks are also potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, gamma rays, and neutrinos. Our recent work focuses on electron acceleration at low Mach number merger shocks in the hot intracluster medium which is characterized by high plasma beta. Using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we previously showed that electrons are energized through the stochastic shock-drift acceleration process, which is facilitated by multi-scale turbulence, including ion-scale shock surface rippling. For the present work, we performed hybrid-kinetic simulations in a range of various quasi-perpendicular foreshock conditions, including plasma beta, magnetic obliquity, and the shock Mach number.

Aims. We study the ion kinetic physics, which is responsible for the shock structure and wave turbulence, that in turn affects the particle acceleration processes. We cover the spatial and temporal scales, which allow the development of large-scale ion turbulence modes in the system.

Methods. We applied a recently developed generalized fluid-particle hybrid numerical code that can combine fluid modeling for both electrons and ions with an arbitrary number of kinetic species. We limited this model to a standard hybrid simulation configuration with kinetic ions and fluid electrons. The model utilizes the exact form of the generalized Ohm’s law, allowing for an arbitrary choice of mass and energy densities, as well as the charge-to-mass ratio of the kinetic species.

Results. We show that the properties of ion-driven multi-scale magnetic turbulence in merger shocks are in agreement with the ion structures observed in PIC simulations. In typical shocks with the sonic Mach number Ms = 3, the magnetic structures and shock front density ripples grow and saturate at wavelengths reaching approximately four ion Larmor radii. Only shocks with Ms ≳ 2.3 develop ripples. At very weak shocks with Ms ≲ 2.3, weak turbulence is formed downstream of the shock. We observed a moderate dependence of the strength of magnetic field fluctuations on the quasi-perpendicular magnetic field obliquity. However, as the field obliquity decreases, the shock front ripples exhibit longer wavelengths. Finally, we note that the steady-state structure of Ms = 3 shocks in high-beta plasmas shows evidence that there is little difference between 2D and 3D simulations. The turbulence near the shock front seems to be a 2D-like structure in 3D simulations.
Gate-to-gate approach in life cycle assessment of steel pipe products
Authors: Aulia Muthya Farah Nur , Lestari Puji
Published: February 2024

The iron and steel industry is of great strategic importance in Indonesia and is expected to continue its growth. One sector within this industry that is projected to see increased production is the steel pipe manufacturing sector. However, the significant emissions produced during steel pipe production have prompted many countries to seek ways to reduce these emissions. One such method is the implementation of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique, which assesses the environmental impact and serves as a valuable decision-making tool alongside other important methods. This approach aims to enhance sustainable production and consumption effectively and efficiently. In a specific case study, two types of steel pipe products were analyzed using LCA, focusing on various stages from material transportation to steel pipe production and delivery. The study assessed the environmental impact using the midpoint impact category, which includes factors like Global Warming Potential (GWP), Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Ecological Toxicity Potential (ETP) using the CML2001 characterization methods. The findings revealed that the production of SAWH pipes has a higher environmental impact in terms of GWP, AP, and POCP compared to HFW pipes, while HFW pipes had a greater ETP value. GWP was identified as the most significant potential impact for both products, with the pipeline production stage contributing the most to GWP. Overall, these results offer an initial understanding of the sustainability levels of steel pipe production, serving as a foundation for the development of pollution control measures to maintain the competitiveness of the industrial plant.
Efficiency of fenton oxidation and membrane hybrid processes for paracetamol removal in seawater
Authors: Kamal Fadhila Malahayati , Adityosulindro Sandyanto , Laksono Sucipta
Published: February 2024

Traces of Paracetamol (PCT) as a micropollutant in the environment, particularly in seawater (SW), have become a global concern in recent years due to the toxicity effect on humans and environment. Due to special characteristics, conventional wastewater treatment plants are able to degrade PCT partially. Therefore, an alternative treatment was necessary to treat PCT substance. Homogeneous Fenton oxidation is an efficient process to degrade PCT at various levels. Nevertheless, separation of dissolved iron by-products in the effluent caused a problem. Combination of Fenton oxidation and ultrafiltration treatment presents a promising opportunity as one of the alternative treatments for PCT removal across aqueous matrices and removal of iron residue. Despite promising, information related to combine Fenton and membrane process was lacking. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the hybrid processes to remove PCT, represented in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), for both distilled water (DW) and seawater. In this study, crucial parameter Fenton’s reagent with H2O2/Fe2+ ratio (w/w) was observed. In the DW matrix, optimal 1:0.5 ratio resulted 45% COD removal, whereas 1 :1 ratio exhibited 37% COD removal in SW. Flat sheet Polyethersulfone (PES) with pore size of 30 nm and 7 nm (50 kDa) membrane was employed with a constant flux of 120 L/m²·h. A lack of contribution of COD removal in DW and 37% in SW was observed during the ultrafiltration process, respectively. Furthermore, 54% and 92% removal of Fe2+ residue was observed during ultrafiltration at adjusted pH 8.5 in both water matrices using different membrane pore sizes, respectively.
Determinants of the influence of community participation on the sustainability of local system community-based sanitation programs in Temanggung Regency
Authors: Sunaryo Laillia Rakhmawati , Soewondo Prayatni
Published: February 2024

Community-based Sanitation (SANIMAS) is an activity to address sanitation problems in Indonesia. 88% of communities in Temanggung Regency dispose of domestic wastewater directly into the river without any prior treatment. As an effort to protect the environment, the SANIMAS program was developed with the Local Domestic Waste Management System (SPALDS). The objective is to identify the relationship between factors influencing community participation and the sustainability of the SANIMAS program. Factors influencing community participation are technological, institutional, financial and economic, socio-cultural, and environmental. Community participation is determined based on the SANIMAS program stages, namely input, process, and output as well as the sustainability of the SANIMAS program. This research uses the quantitative method of Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with Smart PLS version 3.0. The results of this study indicate that technological, institutional, financial and economic, and socio-cultural factors have a positive effect on community participation and sustainability. Technological, institutional, and socio-cultural factors have a significant effect on community participation and sustainability with T-statistic values 2.659, 2.136, and 2.73 and P-values 0.008, 0.033, and 0.007. These factors affect the positive and significant correlation of community participation to the sustainability of the SANIMAS program.
Conservation Yaki (Macaca nigra): The role of PT PGE TBK Lahendong Area on endemic wildlife conservation in North Sulawesi
Authors: Wibisono Bagus Dimas , Lendeng Julian Petrus , Alfarobi Muhammad Yogi , Harjo Pandhit Pringgo , Lolowang Billy Gustafianto
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the role of Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) Tbk. Area Lahedong in the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program for the conservation of Yaki (Macaca nigra) in Tomohon City, North Sulawesi Province. The Yaki is endemic to North Sulawesi and is included in the Critically Endangered category on the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Every company has the obligation to carry corporate social and responsibility (CSR) in its operational area as has been regulated in the act of Corporation (PT) No. 40/2007. Throughout these years the company CSR programme often just aimed at people but often forgot that the surrounding environment also needed attention. Biodiversity conservation becomes crucial as it will give a positive impact to the sustainability of human life in the present as well as in the future. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method where data collection is carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The selection of informants was determined by purposive sampling. PGE Tbk. Area Lahedong is collaborating with the Yayasan Masarang and the Tasikoki Wildlife Rescue Center to carry out this conservation activity. The program will be implemented from 2020 until the release of 8 Yaki in 2023 and will continue again for the conservation of other Yaki groups. PGE Tbk. The Lahendong area has a role to accommodate activities during this program. Through this program, in addition to having an impact on increasing the Yaki population in their habitat, it can also become a media campaign for Yaki conservation to the public that Yaki are not food and must be preserved together as endemic animals to North Sulawesi.
Predictive modelling of water clarity based on remote sensing data using artificial neural network (ANN): A case study in Saguling Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: May Annisa Ritka , Soewondo Prayatni , Rohmat Faizal Immaddudin Wira , Sarli Prasanti Widyasih , Hadi Misbul
Published: February 2024

Indonesia faced several challenges regarding water quality such as water exploitation and contamination caused by human activities. Comprehensive and sustainable water management is required to ensure its availability for the society. Ecosystem quality monitoring is needed to make sure the availability of water resource all year round by using modelling to assist. This paper presented application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) utilizing multilayer perception model with a backpropagation algorithm to predict water clarity in Saguling Reservoir provided by PT Indonesia Power. ANN performance of predicting water clarity level were evaluated using regression analysis (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Square Error (MSE). Based on the results, prediction data during rainy season shows better performance than dry season with R2 value of 0.94, MAE value of 0.035, and MSE value of 0.0032 meanwhile dry season data of R2, MAE, and MSE are 0.83, 0.041, and 0.0045 respectively. ANN prediction model demonstrated a relatively good prediction capability of water clarity and may be used as one of references in classifying the water quality level of Saguling Reservoir quantity and quality integrated maintenance.
Plant growth promoting potential of Arthrobacter spp., an early colonizer on the volcanic deposits of Mt. Merapi, Indonesia, as a restorative agent for degraded land
Authors: Lathifah Annisa Nur , Prijambada Irfan Dwidya , Ohta Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

Exploration of novel and effective plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) from unexplored environments is an intriguing option for restoring degraded land in Indonesia caused by mining activity. Due to their ability to develop in the absence of carbon, PGPB derived from volcanic environments may be a sustainable alternative. Previous research on the volcanic deposits of Mt. Merapi, Indonesia and Miyake-Jima, Japan, revealed that Arthrobacter spp. dominated the pioneer bacterial communities. Consequently, this research aimed to investigate the biochemical and physiological characteristics of volcanic Arthrobacter groups and assess their potential as PGPB. Using the conventional API system (20NE, 50CH, Zym), biochemical characteristics were evaluated. In vitro evaluations of plant growth-promoting activities such as siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, growth in media devoid of nitrogen, heavy metal resistance and weathering activity were conducted. The results showed broad substrate utilization and enzyme activity profiles of the Mt. Merapi isolates (BRU 37, BRU I.13, and BRU I.45). During 15 days of incubation on a minimal medium containing potassium feldspar, glucose, and NH4Cl, all of the isolates grew and produced acids. In nitrogen-free media, all of the isolates grew. These isolates showed positive reaction for the phosphate solubilization assay using Pikovskaya plates. After one day of incubation, all isolates produced yellow zones on the blue-green pigmented media (CAS-overlay media) and were therefore classified as potent siderophore producers. The heavy metal resistance assay showed that BRU37 grew in the heavy metal media. These results indicate the potential of selected indigenous Mt. Merapi Arthrobacter to enhance plant growth. Further characterization of plant growth-promoting traits is now in progress.
Measurement of Fe and Mn concentrations using image processing techniques based on color intensity approach
Authors: Daniar Putri Sandi , Zevi Yuniati , Hakiki Rijal , Muntalif Barti Setiani , Maula Rahmatun
Published: February 2024

Water quality monitoring is an important activity to create a good environment quality with clean and healthy water sources. Various monitoring methods that are generally used such as spectrometry-based instruments certainly have various limitations, such as expensive, requiring a lot of reagents, sensitive instruments, and takes quite a long to get measurement results. Due to the development of population growth and the increasing of water pollutant, water quality monitoring technology that cheap, practical, quick and accurate is important to be made. The main subject in this work was to develop a water quality monitoring method based on multiparameter image processing techniques. This method utilizes the approach of color intensity, light, and number/size/shape of particles. This work will be focus on iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentration measurement by color intensity approach performed using ColorSlurp and Microsoft Excel in its RGB (Red, Green, Blue) matrices. The correlation between the parameter concentration and color intensity was obtained by transforming the RGB into greyscale intensity (GI) value. A linear response was observed in the Fe concentration range 0 to 2.4 mg L−1 with the highest R2 = 0.971, and in the Mn concentration range between 0 to 1.6 mg L−1 with the highest R2 = 0.9432. This work demonstrates that image processing techniques provide a great promise as water quality monitoring method.
Utilization of pineapple peels, rice-washed water, and local microorganisms derived from golden snails in biodrying process of yard waste
Authors: Goembira Fadjar , Putri Rosehari , Dewilda Yommi , Noerhidayat Arief , Mardatillah Regina
Published: February 2024

Comestoarra.com developed Teknologi Olah Sampah di Sumber (TOSS), an on-site solid waste processing method, which efficiently converted yard waste, specifically leaves and twigs, into biomass pellets through three steps: shredding, biodrying, and pelletization. During biodrying, bioactivators expedited moisture reduction. A comparative study was conducted between Comestoarra’s AR124 bioactivator and an alternative, MOL, derived from pineapple peels, rice-washed water, and golden snails, with the first two being waste materials and the latter a rice field pest. To assess their performance in converting yard waste into refuse-derived fuel (RDF), various parameters were analyzed: moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon content, and calorific value. The Indonesian Standard SNI 8966:2021 for RDF in power plants served as reference criteria. Both bioactivators met these standards. AR124-produced RDF had 8.0±0.0% moisture, 65.0±1.0% volatile matter, 13.7±4.9% ash, 13.3±4.2% fixed carbon, and calorific value of 14.74±1.3MJ/kg (3,523±310.7 kcal/kg). MOL bioactivator resulted in RDF with 5.0±0.0% moisture, 65.0±1.0% volatile matter, 16.7±4.2% ash, 13.3±4.2% fixed carbon, and calorific value of 13.89±1.1MJ/kg (3,320±262.9 kcal/kg). These findings suggest that MOL holds promise as a bioactivator for improving the biodrying process in RDF production.
Occurrence and characteristic of microplastics in suspended particulate, a case study in street of Yogyakarta
Authors: Jannah Baiq Raudatul , Maharani Hanifa Aulia , Rahmawati Suphia , Nugroho Adam Rus , Abdull Norhidayah Binti
Published: February 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as emerging pollutants affecting the hydrosphere, geosphere, and atmosphere. One of the primary suspected sources of MPs is road dust in urban areas, with the majority originating from transportation, such as vehicle tires and road marking paint. MPs with a size of less than 5 mm can be ingested by humans from the air, and their potential effects remain largely undiscovered. There is still limited research on MPs in the air, particularly in Yogyakarta, one of the major cities in Indonesia. This study approach MPs as suspended particulates and, as such, employed a High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) to collect air samples for Total Suspended Particulates TSP, PM2,5 and PM10 in four locations with high human activity and traffic volumes in Yogyakarta. A digital microscope was used to identify the number, shapes, and colors of the MPs. The results revealed 4576 particles of MPs in all the samples, with East Ringroad having twice the number of MPs compared to West Ringroad. The order of occurrence in terms of shapes was as follows: fragments (39%), films (37%), and fibers (25%). In terms of color, black was the dominant color of MPs, followed by brown and transparent. These results suggest a significant presence of black, fragmented-shaped MPs, which could indicate that most MPs in the ambient air near Yogyakarta’s roads originate from vehicle activity, consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, the high number of colored fibers and films may indicate packaging and fabric degradation in the surrounding area.
Reflection of prenatal exposure to wildfire smoke on reduced birth weight in 2015-2019
Authors: Ardiyani Vissia , Kelly Frank , Phillips David , Wooster Martin , Grosvernor Mark
Published: February 2024

Wildfire smoke contains many different types of air pollutants which are cause for concern. Studies on epidemiology have identified correlations between PM2.5 exposure to wildfire smoke and mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular morbidities, and may result in a reduction in birth weight. However, evidence from Indonesia is limited. For this study, a retrospective cohort epidemiological study was undertaken to quantify the Indonesian population’s exposure to wildfire-PM2.5. We present 9652 (88%) records of newborns to identify an association between fire-sourced PM2.5 and birth weight in Palangka Raya, Indonesia from 2015 to 2019. On an annual basis, geospatial, and season variations in wildfire-PM2.5 concentrations were observed using a satellite-based dataset from CAMS and used for gestational exposure to wildfire smoke. Applying a general linear model with birth weight (yi) as a continuous outcome, the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and low birth weight was examined. In addition, the binary outcome of low birth weight was analysed. A statistically significant difference in the birth weight reduction between infants delivered to mothers exposed to high levels of wildfire smoke and those exposed to low levels of wildfire smoke was observed over the entire time frame (2015-2019) (ρ-value < 0.001). In comparison to infants born to mothers exposed to lower concentrations, the birth weight of infants delivered to mothers exposed to high concentrations of PM2.5 in the third trimester decreased by 19.96%. A 1.9% reduction in birth weight could be caused by exposure during the fire-prevalent in the first trimester of pregnancy (ρ-value < 0.001). Since an estimation model predicted a 10 g/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure between the first and last trimesters of pregnancy, variations in the second trimester did not significantly affect the association (ρ-value = 0.761). This emphasizes the significance of foetal development during these two trimesters. Exposure to pollution from wildfires contributes significantly to the global burden of newborns’ birth weight.
Utilization of the Adams system for simulating collisions of wagons equipped with elastomeric buffers
Authors: Szyca Mikołaj , Waśkowiak Adam , Gołębiewski Hubert , Estrada Quirino
Published: February 2024

The article introduces an innovative method for modeling elastomer buffers using a rheological structure. This approach entails a detailed mathematical description of buffer properties, seamlessly integrated into the ADAMS/Rail computer code for simulating impacts between two wagons. The simulation within ADAMS/Rail provides insights into the dynamic behavior of elastomer buffers during wagon impacts, considering forces, deformations, and overall responses. Serving as a valuable optimization tool for railway system design, this methodology contributes to improved safety and efficiency. The study’s comprehensive yet concise insights bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and practical application, enhancing our understanding of elastomer buffer dynamics and their pivotal role in railway operations.
Navigation in oral surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Oillic Alexis , Varazzani Andrea , Fitouchi Benjamin , Carlier Adelaide , Bouletreau Pierre
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Dynamic navigation is a fast-growing technology in the field of head and neck surgery, which is now taking its place in oral surgery. The aim of this review was to present and describe all the uses of navigation in oral surgery. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted using all clinical trial/cases reports (Embase/PubMed) in which navigation is used during oral surgery, published over the last 5 yr. A total of 32 clinical trial/cases reports were analyzed. Results: Dynamic navigation was used in 7 different indications: implantology (55%), foreign body removal (15%), dental avulsion (12%), bone augmentation (9%), cellulitis (3%), benign tumour (3%), pre-prosthetic surgery (3%). A total of 335 patients were  treated, 631 implants, 8 foreign bodies, 1 benign tumour, 24 dental avulsions, 3 bone augmentations, 1 cellulitis, and 1 pre-prosthetic surgery were found. In implantology, there were 500 standard implants, 75 zygomatic implants, 31 pterygoid implants, 1 short implant and 24 angulated implants. Conclusion: This review showed the recent development of dynamic navigation in oral surgery. The most common indication is dental implantology and few others indications seemed promising. This technique broadened its scope and might become an indispensable tool that can be used in many situations, increasing safety and predictability of a lot of procedure.
Posaconazole as single or adjunctive antifungal in mucormycosis of the maxilla: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pardiwala Arwa , Datarkar Abhay N. , Manekar Varsha , Daware Surendra
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the benefits of utilizing posaconazole as a single drug therapy or in combination with other antifungals for the treatment of maxillary mucormycosis  as opposed to sole use of amphotericin B. Materials and methods: Databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO-host, Scopus, Science Direct, Clinical Trial Registry- India (CTRI) and Google scholar), review articles were searched from 1997 to 2022, using various MeSH terms.

Results: After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, four articles were finally selected. Three-month survival rate and duration of hospital stay were analysed as primary outcomes. There was no difference in survival among cases of maxillary mucormycosis treated with either drug alone. Death reported after treatment with combination treatment was less as compared to that with amphotericin B alone; however, there was non-significant difference in survival among cases treated with posaconazole in addition to amphotericin B or amphotericin B alone. Conclusion: Posaconazole can be used a single drug therapy for the treatment of maxillary mucormycosis due to its benefits outweighing its risks. The limitations of this study are the paucity of studies and Randomized Controlled Trials available in the literature in this field of study.
Product Selectivity Control under Acidic and Basic Conditions on Oxidative Transformation of 1,3-Dicarbonyls Using Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate
Authors: Kirihara Masayuki , Takizawa Shinobu , Sakamoto Yugo , Tanaka Takumi , Kawai Takuma , Okada Tomohide , Kimura Yoshikazu
Published: February 2024

In this study, we reported that the reactivity of 1,3-dicarbonyls with sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) as an easy-to-handle oxidant, alters greatly depending on the pH value. The reaction of NaOCl·5H2O under weakly basic conditions (pH 12) gives the corresponding carboxylic acids in up to 97% yield. Upon addition of AcOH (pH 5), chlorination of active methylene sites proceeds efficiently to afford dichlorinated products in high yields.
Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Synthesis of Thiosulfonates from Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Their Transformation into Symmetrical Disulfides
Authors: Prasad Virendra , Yadav Ashvani , Kumar Rohit
Published: February 2024

A transition-metal-free synthesis of thiosulfonates has been accomplished by the disproportionate coupling of readily available and inexpensive sulfonyl hydrazides embracing hypervalent iodine(III) [phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA)] as an oxidant. This synthesis involves cleavage of the S–N bond and is endowed with creation of a new S–S bond. The thiosulfonates were further reduced with CS2/KOH to obtain symmetrical disulfides. This protocol features mild reaction conditions in open air, an inexpensive oxidant, and high functional group tolerance with good to excellent product yields.
Is Single LIMA-LAD Bypass Appropriate for OPCAB Training?
Authors: Naito Shiho , Reichenspurner Hermann , Sill Björn
Published: February 2024

Background A significant impact of surgeons' experience on outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) has been recognized through previous large-scale studies. However, a safe, effective, and concrete OPCAB training was yet to be identified. We evaluate a safety of our OPCAB training model with single left internal mammary artery (LIMA)–left anterior descending artery (LAD) as a reasonable first step.

Methods Between January 2010 and June 2019, 180 patients with an isolated single coronary bypass of the LAD using LIMA as an in situ graft via median sternotomy fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Coronary arterial bypass under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), utilizing other graft material, minimal invasive direct coronary arterial bypass through left-sided thoracotomy, and multiple diseased coronary artery disease were excluded. The primary outcome is an early postoperative outcome (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events [MACCEs]: myocardial infarction, coronary re-revascularization, stroke, acute renal failure, and all causes of death) between residents in training under supervision (group 1: n = 63) and experienced surgeons (group 2: n = 117). Trainees were already experienced in on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Results Preoperative variables were comparable. There was no significant difference in the rate of MACCEs between the two groups including hospital mortality (p = 1.000), perioperative myocardial infarction (p = 0.246), stroke (p = 0.655), and acute renal failure (p = 0.175).

Conclusion The early postoperative outcome of off-pump LIMA to the LAD performed by trainees was comparable to those by experienced surgeons. Single LIMA-LAD was safely performed by trainees under supervision without CPB. In order to master OPCAB technique, single LAD bypass might be a reasonable first step to get into touch with the technical characteristics of this special procedure.
Generation of Alkylidene Carbenes through Tetrazole Fragmentation: Recent Advances and Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Harusawa Shinya , Yoneyama Hiroki , Usami Yoshihide
Published: February 2024

Tetrazole fragmentation under mild conditions from 5-hydroxyalkyl-1H-tetrazoles (HATs) or cyanophosphates (CPs) readily generates the corresponding alkylidene carbenes, which undergo [1,2]-rearrangements or [1,5]-C–H insertions to yield one-carbon homologous alkynes or five-membered unsaturated carbocycles, respectively. Furthermore, azido-HATs and 2-cyanoazetidines afford propargylic and homopropargylic amines, respectively, via [1,2]-rearrangement of the corresponding aminoalkyl alkylidene carbenes. These reactions are successfully applied for the synthesis of various biofunctional molecules. This short review summarizes the progress made on this methodology over the last decade.

1 Introduction

2 Early Studies

3 Tetrazole Fragmentation of HATs, Azido-HATs, and 2-Cyanoazetidines

4 HAT Synthetic Methods

5 Tetrazole Fragmentation from CPs

6 Summary and Perspective
Chaotic vortex-induced rotation of an elliptical cylinder
Authors: Mandujano F. , Vázquez-Luis E.
Published: February 2024

Non-linear oscillations of an elliptical cylinder, which can rotate about an axis that passes through its symmetry axle due to a torsional spring and hydrodynamic torque produced by the flow of a Newtonian fluid, were analyzed in terms of a single parameter that compares vortex shedding frequency with the torsional spring’s natural frequency. The governing equations for the flow coupled with a rigid body with one degree of freedom were solved numerically using the lattice-Boltzmann method. The Reynolds number used was Re=200, which, in the absence of torsional spring, produces chaotic oscillations of the elliptical cylinder. When the torsional spring is included, we identified three branches separated by transition regions when stiffness of the restorative torque changes, as in the case of vortex-induced vibrations. However, in this case, several regions presenting chaotic dynamics were identified. Two regions with stable limit cycles were found when both torques synchronized and when stiffness of the torsional spring is big enough so that the ellipse’s oscillation is small.
Flexible B
12
ecophysiology of
Phaeocystis antarctica
due to a fusion B
12
–independent methionine synthase with widespread homologues
Authors: Rao Deepa , Füssy Zoltán , Brisbin Margaret M. , McIlvin Matthew R. , Moran Dawn M. , Allen Andrew E. , Follows Michael J. , Saito Mak A.
Published: February 2024

Coastal Antarctic marine ecosystems are significant in carbon cycling because of their intense seasonal phytoplankton blooms. Southern Ocean algae are primarily limited by light and iron (Fe) and can be co-limited by cobalamin (vitamin B
12
). Micronutrient limitation controls productivity and shapes the composition of blooms which are typically dominated by either diatoms or the haptophyte
Phaeocystis antarctica
. However, the vitamin requirements and ecophysiology of the keystone species
P. antarctica
remain poorly characterized. Using cultures, physiological analysis, and comparative omics, we examined the response of
P. antarctica
to a matrix of Fe-B
12
conditions. We show that
P. antarctica
is not auxotrophic for B
12
, as previously suggested, and identify mechanisms underlying its B
12
response in cultures of predominantly solitary and colonial cells. A combination of proteomics and proteogenomics reveals a B
12
-independent methionine synthase fusion protein (MetE-fusion) that is expressed under vitamin limitation and interreplaced with the B
12
-dependent isoform under replete conditions. Database searches return homologues of the MetE-fusion protein in multiple
Phaeocystis
species and in a wide range of marine microbes, including other photosynthetic eukaryotes with polymorphic life cycles as well as bacterioplankton. Furthermore, we find MetE-fusion homologues expressed in metaproteomic and metatranscriptomic field samples in polar and more geographically widespread regions. As climate change impacts micronutrient availability in the coastal Southern Ocean, our finding that
P. antarctica
has a flexible B
12
metabolism has implications for its relative fitness compared to B
12
-auxotrophic diatoms and for the detection of B
12
-stress in a more diverse set of marine microbes.