bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A combination of asymptotic and numerical methods in calculating the characteristics of a convex quasi-periodic phased antenna array with account the interaction of elements of an arbitrary type
Authors: Indenbom M. V.
Published: November 2024

Approximate asymptotic expressions are obtained for the partial radiating elements pattern and the active reflection coefficient of a large-sized quasi-periodic convex phased array antenna (PAA), using as a basis the results of a numerical solution for the electromagnetic field in a single PAA cell under periodic boundary conditions on the lateral surface of the cell. These expressions can be used to create mathematical software for modelling such phased arrays, taking into account the interaction of radiating elements, based on a combination of direct numerical methods, such as the finite element method, to analyse the field in a single cell of the phased array with the calculation of the characteristics of the phased array as a whole using analytical asymptotic expressions. Numerical results of applying the method are presented for calculating the characteristics of multi-element spherical phased array of slot radiating elements and conical phased array of slot and director radiating elements.
New methods for statistical decision making in conditions of a limited volume of observations and with a prioriy parametric uncertainty
Authors: Mkrtchyan F. A.
Published: November 2024

A new generalized adaptive algorithm for learning to make statistical decisions for exponential families of distributions with a priori parametric uncertainty in conditions of small samples has been developed. A generalized decision rule is presented, obtained by estimating unknown parameters of distributions, as well as a decision rule that satisfies the necessary optimality conditions: constancy of the average probability of a type I error and unbiasedness. Specific decision procedures for partial distributions obtained from a generalized algorithm are considered. Numerical examples are given. The effectiveness of the developed optimal procedure for small samples is shown.
Not a Renewal, but a Second Birth
Authors: Doctorov Boris Z.
Published: November 2024

For the first time, theses on the concept of a "Second Birth" of Soviet/Russian sociology are being published. The Perestroika gave the sociologists of Russia the opportunity to refer to history post-war sociology. In particular, it demanded an answer to the question: "Is the current Russian sociology a continuation of the sociology that began to develop in the second half of the 19th century, or a sociology with its own special beginning?" Two concepts were suggested for the genesis of the current stage of Russian sociology: continuity and renewal. However, studying the interviews with pioneering sociologists who caught the soul of the political thawing showed that their entrance into sociology did not answer either concepts, giving rise to the idea of a second birth of Russian sociology. Per my request, the concept of a second birth was voiced by Professor Vera V. Gavriluk in October 2007 at a conference occurring in the city of Tyumen. Later, she told me that the participants of the conference had positive attitudes to this information. Fifteen years have passed, and the above-mentioned theses are being published.
Britain’s Policy of Socio-Cultural Influence: the Current State and Recent Developments
Authors: Sutyrin V. V
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with the latest developments in Britain’s socio-cultural influence on the world stage, including changes in institutional design of governance as well as sources and volume of financing. Primary funding source as well as official conceptual framework for the development of British foreign policy influence programs is provided by the development assistance policy. The author looks into the structure and dynamics of expenditures and draws a comparison with other leading Western powers. The research shows no significant transformations of approaches over the last decade as far as general logic and influence mechanisms are concerned. However, the paper identifies trends towards growing politicisation and weaponisation of sociocultural influence. The conclusion is made that Britain’s foreign influence policies are in the process of the biggest upheaval over the last 25 years amidst funding cuts and more strict subordination to short-term national interests and political priorities. These changes are not unprecedented in terms of British foreign policy history, including the Thatcher era. Socio-cultural influence remains significant, and frequently essential London’s foreign policy tool. The British establishment makes attempts to readjust and sharpen the existing influence toolkit according to the logic of interstate rivalry. London effectively tries to return to previous historical epochs in the new international setting and altered global balance of power. These decisions appear to a great extent opportunistic and do not promise consistence and soundness to the chosen political course although they contribute to its growing unpredictability.
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CABLE DETECTION BASED ON TERAHERTZ PULSE AND IMAGING
Authors: Sidorova G. M
Published: November 2024

The article is dedicated to one of the key problems of our time - migration processes in Europe and their consequences on the example of the Benelux countries. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the migration policy of the Benelux countries in recent years, the mechanisms of their regulatory and legal system, capable or unable to regulate migration processes. Using the comparative-institutional method, as well as event analysis, the trends of migration in this region as a recipient of a significant influx of emigrants and refugees, are shown. Attention is focused on the common and distinctive features of the migration policy of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. The author notes the generally liberal approach of the Benelux countries to solving the problem, which to a certain extent damages their national interests, creates social and humanitarian problems. The authorities of these countries are faced with an increase in migration from Muslim countries and their religious attitudes, the refugee crisis, and issues of social adaptation and integration of migrants. Immigration processes are accompanied by an increase in crime, destabilization of the internal situation, and discontent of the local population. The authorities are forced to periodically review their political and diplomatic tools, adapt and modify them in order to reduce the number of illegal migrants and the risks of renewed conflicts on ethnic and religious grounds. The author relied on the works of domestic and foreign authors, statistical information of European migration services, as well as information from international experts in this field. As a result, the characteristics of the migration policy of the countries under study are given, the consequences of mass migrations are determined. The author substantiates the conclusion that the solution to the migration issue in the Benelux countries is not visible in the near future, despite the coordinated efforts of their security structures. Effective management of migration and mitigation of negative consequences have yet to be developed and put into practice.
The Left Party: Crisis of Ideas or Inherited Defect?
Authors: Pavlov N. V , Dmitriev D. A
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the nature of the crisis which the German Left Party faces today. The article analyses the ideological profile of the party, the depth of tensions between representatives of different wings within the party, and the origins and consequences of fierce competition with the right-populist Alternative for Germany in the new federal states. The party's guidelines set out in the 2011 party program are considered outdated. It is argued that today's Left Party is unable to offer the electorate new attractive ideas. The article analyses the contradictions on the issue of finding a new political image for the party between the right-wing “statesmen” (ideological successors of the PDS and SED) and the left-wing “internationalists”, which led to the Left Party’s split last autumn. The article emphasises that during the years of the eurozone crisis and the unprecedented migrants flow to Germany in 2015-2016, the Left leadership has failed to keep the support of the citizens in the East of Germany, who have shifted mainly to the AfG-voters. Based on the results of the study, the authors recognise that the crisis of the Left Party is systemic. The authors draw attention to the fact that the Left Party’s split would cause its withdrawal from the forefront of the German political life. In return, Alliance Sahra Wagenknecht, the new party launched by Sahra Wagenknecht, will probably gain its momentum. In this case, Left Party's right-wing members, part of the protest electorate of the Alternative for Germany, and supporters of a diplomatic settlement of the Ukrainian conflict and relations recovery with the Russian Federation may vote for Wagenknecht's party.
Challenges of Interference and Disinformation in Italy: Countering New Threats to National Security
Authors: Maslova E. A
Published: November 2024

The focus of this article is the phenomenon of disinformation and foreign interference in Italy. The aim of the study is to examine Italy's approach to countering interference and combating disinformation. The article presents a scientific discussion on the terminology of the concept of “interference” and demonstrates that the lack of a definition does not detract from the results obtained on the topic. In countering interference in the broadest sense, as a threat to national security and the constitutional order of the country, Italy relies primarily on the national resources, where the main body is a special structure - the System for the Security of the Republic. The Special Parliamentary Committee for the Security of the Republic plays an important role as well. The issue of disinformation as an intervention tool has received more attention from researchers and institutions. The EU clearly distinguishes between “disinformation” and “misinformation”. In 2023, Italy was the first EU country to spread disinformation (in terms of the amount of deleted content from social media). In combating disinformation, Italy relies on the EU's guidelines and experience, transferring content moderation responsibilities to the EU level. The EU reacts with harsh methods, resorting to content removal and blocking of resources. Thus, the more Italy delegates its information security to the European Union, the more Rome involves in the information confrontation and war of narratives between Brussels and Moscow.
Centrifugal Processes and Divisions as a Megatrend of Crisis Geopolitics
Authors: Neimark M. A
Published: November 2024

The world has entered an acute phase of a protracted macrocrisis, one of the most striking manifestations of which is the processes of disengagement in global politics. The logic of confrontation inevitably aggravates old conflicts and reproduces new ones. The centrifugal dynamics received an explosive impetus because of directly interconnected process of internationalisation of the Ukrainian crisis and “Ukrainisation” of the Western-centric agenda. Conflict motives of local, regional, geopolitical divides, and gaps are acquiring increasing practical and political significance. The logic of asymmetrical, multidirectional interactions in global politics is rapidly gaining momentum. The previously inertial confrontation between the United States and Russia, the United States and China has moved into the acute phase of a dangerous confrontation. The potential for resolving the most important geopolitical and military-strategic problems in their relations has been reduced by US efforts to a critical minimum. A focused reflection of geopolitical divisions has become the sophisticated construction of a new Iron Curtain around Russia by the united West. The world is actually divided into the World Majority, whose countries take a neutral or favorable position towards Russia, and a non-structurally formalised coalition of countries led by the United States, guided by American foreign policy goals and priorities. Lines of demarcation and fragmentation run across a variety of spheres and formats, regional and geopolitical areas, erecting new boundaries and barriers in interstate cooperation and creating a dangerous tilt and distortions in strategic security. In the context of the chaotisation of world politics and the rapid development of centrifugal processes of geopolitical and geo-economic demarcations and confrontations, the asymmetry of approaches to the prospects for reformatting the world order is becoming increasingly visible.
“The works on the renovation of the building has been underway for exactly a year now”: provision of infrastructure for the state institute of public health in 1919–1920
Authors: Sliskova Valeriya V.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the history of the State Institute of Public Health of the People’s Commissariat of Health (“GINZ”) in the early years of its work (1919–1920). The author reconstructs an episode associated with the organization of work environment at the GINZ institutions during the period under study, based on the materials deposited in the Archive of Russian Academy of Sciences and State Archive of the Russian Federation. The article introduces for scientific use the internal reports, written by the GINZ staff members, engineer G. A. Ostapovich and facilities manager N. A. Kharitonov in 1920. These documents were discovered in the fonds of GINZ director L. A. Tarasevich (RAS Archive, f. 1538) and in the fonds of the Institute of Experimental Biology (f. 570) that was a part of GINZ in the 1920s. Both documents illustrate one of the key issues in the organization of work environment and are valuable sources for history of professional everyday life of the GINZ institutions in 1919–1920.
“Evolutionary economics”: possibilities for forming the policy of growth and technological changes
Authors: Sukharev Oleg
Published: November 2024

The study is devoted to the consideration of internal methodological limitations of the flow of “evolutionary economics”. The author’s goal is to identify the inherent limitations of the analysis of “evolutionary economics” and limitations in terms of influence on the formation of economic policy. The methodology is based on the theory of evolutionary economics and orthodox approaches in the field of economic analysis, the theory of economic policy and growth. The author comes to the conclusion that “evolutionary economics”, despite the broad mathematical apparatus used, has limited capability for planning and interpreting the implementation of economic policy — in particular, the use of tools for stimulating economic growth at which mainstream economics is still good, although not without certain constraints.
Thus, in order for evolutionary economics as a scientific movement to acquire significant weight among economic theories on the basis of which it is possible to build economic policy, it is necessary to methodologically solve the problem of harmonizing short-term and long-term guidelines and parameters of development, as well as the problem of fast and slow variables, describing the functioning of the economic system. The solution seems to be the so-called neo-Schumpeterian theory of evolution, with the help of which it is possible to model and explain development at various time intervals by analyzing the competition of old and new combinations, affecting not only innovations, technologies, but also institutions, as well as interacting agents — innovators, imitators and conservatives. It is shown how structural dynamics reflects the evolution of the economic system.
On methodological tools for studying problems of the development of agro-industrial complex
Authors: Baskakov Sergey
Published: November 2024

The article considers the methodological tools used by domestic and foreign scientists to carry out research and educational activities in the field of studying problems of development of the agro-industrial complex. Within the framework of the study, it was established that, despite the applied and practice-oriented nature of food issues, scientists use theoretical rather than empirical research methods to a greater extent — they predominantly turn to traditional and simplest methods of processing information, without fully using the existing economic –mathematical and economic-statistical apparatus. It has been revealed that scientists, as a rule, use only methods of deterministic factor analysis in relation to clearly dependent quantities and indicators, while methods of stochastic factor analysis are practically not used; the insufficiency and limitation of using the balance method as one of the key ways to determine the substantive aspect of the studied sphere have been established. Based on the results, the author’s approach to the use of methodological tools for the balanced development of food supply for the population is proposed, where at the first stage calculation methods for assessing economic information are used, at the second stage — methods of factor analysis, at the third — theoretical research methods and at the final stage — methods of modeling and optimization of economic indicators. The results of the study can be used to improve the conceptual and fundamental foundations for the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex and future practical transformations in the food sector.
Problems of copyright for the products created by artificial intelligence
Authors: Utkin Valery
Published: November 2024

The article discusses current problems of authorship of intellectual products created by artificial intelligence, as well as the concept and legal personality (quasi-subjectivity) of artificial intelligence. The relevant provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 1225, 1228, etc.) and the practice of their application are analyzed using general and specific scientific methods – analysis, synthesis, analogy, formal legal, comparative legal methods, interpretation of legal norms, etc. Based on a study of legal literature and current regulations, the author analyzes the concept of legal personality (quasi-subjectivity) of artificial intelligence. It is shown that copyright for the products created by artificial intelligence has not yet been legally regulated. It is concluded that currently such a product does not fall under the criteria defined by Article 1228 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and is not anyone’s intellectual property; thus, it is not subject to legal protection. For the purposes of legal regulation, the author proposes his own definition of authorship in relation to a product of intellectual creativity.
Considering the rapid development of information technologies, the legal personality (quasi-subjectivity) of artificial intelligence needs scientific understanding. In the future, a legal definition of artificial intelligence should be adopted and corresponding copyrights should be regulated.
EXISTENCE OF A RENORMALIZED SOLUTION OF A QUASI-LINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATION WITHOUT THE SIGN CONDITION ON THE LOWEST TERM
Authors: Kozhevnikova L. M
Published: November 2024

The paper considers a second-order quasilinear elliptic equation with an integrable right-hand side. Restrictions on the structure of the equation are formulated in terms of the generalized 𝑁-function. Unlike the author’s previous works, there is no sign condition for the low-order term of the equation. In non-reflexive Musielak–Orlicz–Sobolev spaces in an arbitrary unbounded strictly Lipschitz domain, the existence of a renormalized solution to the Dirichlet problem of this equation is proven.
THE EXISTENCE OF OPTIMAL SETS FOR LINEAR VARIATIONAL EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
Authors: Zamuraev V. G
Published: November 2024

This paper considers an optimal control problem in which the controlled process is described by a linear functional equation in a Hilbert space, and the control action is a change of space. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution are obtained. The results are generalized to the case when the controlled process is described by a linear variational inequality.
SOLUTION OF THE SPECTRUM ALLOCATION PROBLEM FOR A LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEM WITH CLOSED FEEDBACK
Authors: Zubova S. P , Raetskaya E. V
Published: November 2024

The method for constructing a feedback matrix to solve the problem spectrum allocation (spectrum control, pole assignment) for linear dynamic system is given. A new proof of the well-known theorem about the connection between the complete controllability of a dynamic system with existence of the feedback matrix is formed in the process of construction by the cascade decomposition method. The entire set of arbitrary elements that influence the non-uniqueness of the matrix is identified. Examples of constructing a feedback matrix in the case of a real spectrum and in the presence of complex conjugate eigenvalues, as well as for the case of multiple eigenvalues, are given. The stability of the specified spectrum under small perturbations of the system parameters with a fixed feedback matrix is studied.
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF FIXED POINT OF OPERATOR GENERATED BY MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEM WITH RELAY HYSTERESIS
Authors: Kamachkin A. M , Yevstafyeva V. V , Potapov D. K
Published: November 2024

We consider a multidimensional system of ordinary differential equations with relay nonlinearity of a hysteresis type in a special form that has made it possible to analytically calculate the fixed point of the operator generated by this system. We propose procedures for selecting a vector defining the location of discontinuity surface (switch surfaces) in the phase space such that there exists a unique fixed point on one of these surfaces. Examples representing the obtained theoretical results are given.
BOTTOM ESTIMATES FOR THE MINIMAL EIGENVALUE OF THE BI-LAPLACIAN ON A GRAPH
Authors: Kulaev R. Ch , Karkuzaev S. A
Published: November 2024

Bottom estimates for the minimum eigenvalues of fourth-order differential operators on graphs are found. An analogue of the Picone identity for a fourth-order equation on a network is established. Comparison theorems of the Sturm type for such an equation are obtained.
ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF PARAMETRIC EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS IN THE HILBERT SPACE
Authors: Samsonov A. A
Published: November 2024

The parametric eigenvalue problem in infinite-dimensional Hilbert space arising in the mechanics of loaded thin-walled structures is investigated. Asymptotic properties of solutions depending on loading parameters are established. The initial infinite-dimensional problem is approximated in a finitedimensional subspace. Theoretical error estimates of approximate solutions are obtained. Effective numerical methods for calculating the main resonance frequency and the corresponding resonance form of vibrations based on asymptotic formulas are proposed.
BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR ONE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS AND A FRACTIONAL LIOUVILLE DERIVATIVE
Authors: Akhmetshin A. D
Published: November 2024

A boundary value problem for an equation with variable coefficients containing a fractional Liouville derivative for one of the variables with a beginning at minus infinity is considered. A representation of the solution of the problem and sufficient conditions for its existence and uniqueness have been obtained.
Archbishop Lazar Baranovich and Moscow Bells in Monasteries of Chernigov Land in 1680–1690s
Authors: Kochegarov Kirill Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2024

In the first half of 1680s Lazar Baranovich, archbishop of Chernigov asked the Russian government to cast a bell for Saint Trinity Church, that he was building. The government of prince Vasilij Golitsyn and princess Sofia agreed to do it at state costs. But it appeared in short time that envoy of Lazar Baranovich in Moscow wished to have the heavier one, so a such bell was taken away from the church of Gregory of Neocaesarea in Polyanka and sent to Chernigov. The bell, specially made for the archbishop was left in Moscow and nowadays it hangs in the bell tower of Saint Basil’s Cathedral in the Red square. Besides Lazar Baranovich, Ivan Samojlovich, the hetman of the Left-Bank Ukraine, also was inspired by the high level of the Russian bell manufacture in the last quarter of 17supth/sup century and ordered a bell for another monastery of Chernigov.
Holidays Among Russian Emigration in Czechoslovakia in 1920‒1940s
Authors: Serapionova Elena Pavlovna
Published: November 2024

The article deals with everyday life of the Russian diaspora in Czechoslovakia in the 1920‒1940s, namely the holidays celebrated by emigrants. It gives the typology of holidays, compares the intensity of their celebration in different decades, shows both common holidays for all emigration and specific festive events that are characteristic only for Czechoslovakia. The main sources for this research are the reports of the organizations and associations, publications in the newspapers, documentaries, diaries and memoirs of the emigrants. The author raises and tries to answer the question – if the holidays unite different directions and groups of emigration or separate them. In the work, she showed the role of emigrant holidays in the preservation of national identity in the conditions of the foreign environment, as well as in the interpenetration of the cultures of the Czech, Slovak and Russian peoples.
M. Zivanovic. And the Cross and the Pentacle. Russian Burial Complexes in Yugoslavia in the 20th Century. Belgrade, The Institute for recent history of Serbia, 2020. 568 p.
Authors: Ganin Andrey Vladislavovich
Published: November 2024

Andrey V. Ganin. M. Zivanovic. And the Cross and the Pentacle. Russian Burial Complexes in Yugoslavia in the 20supth/sup Century. Belgrade, The Institute for recent history of Serbia, 2020. 568 p.
Central Europe as a Myth and Model in the Texts of Czesław Miłosz, Milan Kundera and Danilo Kiš
Authors: Polyakov Dmitry Kirillovich
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the content and structure of space models built in the texts of the main representatives of the discourse on Central Europe in the 1980s – Milan Kundera, Czesław Miłosz and Danilo Kiš. It is modeled on two axes – geographical (primarily in relation to the West and Russia) and temporal (Central Europe as a fact of the past rather than the present). The subject of space is recognized as an intellectual, often an emigrant and a dissident, a bearer of culture and traumatic experience of Central Europe. Its main attributes are the indefinability of borders, the loss of multiculturalism and multilingualism, distrust of history, and cultural centrism. Despite the similarity of the communicative situation and the codes used, the concepts of each writer have a number of key differences related to their national and cultural affiliation.
First findings of platinum group minerals from ultramafites of the Idzhim mafic-ultramafic massif (Western Sayan)
Authors: Yurichev А. N. , Chernyshov А. I. , Korbovyak Е. V.
Published: November 2024

In plastically deformed harzburgite and dunite of the Idzhim mafic-ultramafic massif, which is part of the Kurtushiba ophiolite belt of the Western Sayan and is one of largest massifs of this belt, platinum group minerals (PGM) were identified for the first time. They were found in pentlandite, awaruite and nickel arsenides (NiS, Ni2S) in form of finely dispersed inclusions, the diagnosis of which, due to their small size, was carried out only qualitatively. Native osmium, Ir-bearing osmium, native ruthenium, garutiite, tetraferroplatinum, unnamed (Pt,Ir)Fe and (Ni,Cu,Pd,Pt)2-3Fe phases, zaccarinite, Ir-bearing erlikmanite and unnamed sulfides with crystal chemical formula Me2S were quantitatively identified and characterized. All PGM grains found are predominantly localized either in peripheral parts of grains of sulfides, awaruite and wairauite, or in silicate matrix in immediate vicinity of these minerals. The platinum group elements (PGE) content and their distribution in restite ultramafic rocks was apparently controlled by partial melting of primary peridotite substrate. During partial melting, the extraction of sulfur and Pt-group platinoides (Pt, Pd, Rh) into the silicate melt led to a decrease in S2 fugacity and the accumulation of Ir-group platinoides (Os, Ir, Ru) in monosulfide solid solution (mss), from which subsequently primary Os-Ir-bearing pentlandite crystallized. The subsequent transformation of this sulfide led to appearance of PGE-containing awaruite and nickel arsenides, as well as to everything discovered diversity of identified PGM.
Jacobsite as an indicator of genrsis of manganese ore of the Ushkatyn-III deposit (Central Kazakhstan)
Authors: Brusnitsyn A. I. , Vladimirova D. А. , Perova Е. N. , Vereshchagin О. S. , Zhukov I. G.
Published: November 2024

Jacobsite is a characteristic minor mineral of manganese ores at the Ushkatyn-III deposit in Central Kazakhstan. It mainly associates with hausmannite, tephroite, sonolite, friedelite, pennantite and calcite in the bulk mass of ores. A similar association, but without hausmannite, is also characteristic of jacobsite from veinlets intersecting the bulk mass ore. The chemical composition of jacobsite varies from Mn1.5Fe1.5O4 to MnFe2O4. A mineral with a high content of manganese (1 atoms per formula unit (apfu)) dominates the bulk mass of ores, while the veins are dominated by stoichiometric jacobsite (Mn ~1 apfu). The mineral composition of ores was formed in the process of low-grade metamorphism of metal-bearing deposits of hydrothermal-sedimentary genesis. The formation of jacobsite in metamorphosed metal-bearing deposits occurs under reducing conditions. With an increase in oxygen fugacity (oxidation potential), jacobsite is replaced by the association of hausmannite with hematite. Crystallization of jacobsite in the veinlets intersecting the hausmannite ores is carried out due to the entry of iron-containing hydrothermal solutions into them. It is assumed that jacobsite veinlets serve as mineralogical markers through seepage of ore-bearing hydrothermal structures («feeding channels») producing manganese-rich ores.
Evaluation of Noopept Effect on the Neurotransmitter Amino Acids in the Hippocampus in Alcohol Drinking Rats Using in Vivo Microdialysis
Authors: Kudrin V. S. , Konkov V. G. , Shubenina E. V. , Kasabov K. A. , Sadovnik D. V. , Khairetdinova A. H. , Umriyukhin A. E. , Kolik L. G.
Published: November 2024

The aim of the present work was to study the dynamics of neurotransmitter amino acids after acute Noopept (a dipeptide analogue of piracetam used in clinical practice as a nootropic agent) administration in intact and long-term ethanol (ETOH) exposed rats. Albino male rats were given 10% (vol/vol) ETOH solution as the only source of fluid 24 h / 7 days per week (n = 5). Also we used intact rats of the same age which had no access to ethanol (n = 5). The excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the extracellular space of the dorsal hippocampus region in freely moving intact and ETOH-exposed rats during prolonged alcohol deprivation were measured using the intracerebral microdialysis method followed by HPLC/ED. There were no significant differences in the level of neurotransmitter amino acids between ETOH-exposed and intact animals. For the first time, in vivo experiments the effect of Noopept (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on the level of excitatory amino acids (an increase in ASP by 2.38 times and GLU by 2.28 times) along with an increase in the level of the inhibitory amino acid GLI by 3.13 times only in intact rats was shown. Thus, in ETOH-exposed rats under the adaptive rearrangements in prolonged ethanol withdrawal, the neurochemical mechanisms of the hippocampus seem to be characterized by insensitivity to an acute Noopept administration. Animal neurochemical studies of changes in the mediator amino acids due to the long-term effect of alcohol on the CNS may be of practical importance for the development of optimal strategies and pharmacotherapy.
The Study of the Influence of Pyridine Oxime Derivative (GIZh-298) And Sodium Valproate on the Neurotransmitter Amino Acids Content in the Brain Structures of Mice in the Maximal Electroconvulsive Seizures Test
Authors: Narkevich V. B. , Litvinova S. A. , Kasabov K. A. , Yakovleva A. A. , Kudrin V. S. , Voronina T. A.
Published: November 2024

The effect of the antiepileptic compound GIZH-298 and the reference drug sodium valproate (VN) on the content of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus of the brain of mice after an electric shock-induced generalized tonic-clonic seizure (MES) was studied. It has been shown that the application of MES reduces the levels of aspartate, glycine, GABA and the ratio of “GABA/glutamate” in the hypothalamus. In the latter, a decrease in the concentration of glutamate, glycine and taurine was noted. VN (200 mg/kg/g) counteracts the effects of MES by interfering with the resulting decrease in GABA and the GABA/glutamate ratio in the hypothalamus. In the hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus, VN causes a decrease in the aspartate content both in intact control groups and in the group of mice that received MES. GIZH-298 (60 mg/kg/int. gastric) prevented the MES-induced decrease in the levels of GABA, glycine and taurine and the GABA/glutamate ratio in the hypothalamus.
DEVELOPMENT OF STEM-BASED THERMODYNAMICS E-MODULES INTEGRATED WITH PROBLEM SOLVING TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Parwiti Endang , Siregar Tiurlina , Albaiti Albaiti
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This study aims to determine how to create, develop and feasibility of STEM-based thermodynamics e-modules integrated with problem solving in improving critical thinking skills and learning outcomes of class XI students of SMA YPK Bintuni. The research method is research and development (R&D) by adopting five stages of the ADDIE model (analyze, design, develop, implement and evaluate). The instruments used in the study were e-module feasibility test sheets, learning outcome tests and critical thinking ability test results for the trial use of e-modules. E-modules were analyzed empirically using the SPSS version 20 application. The developed e-modules have been validated using a Likert scale on aspects of content feasibility, language feasibility and presentation feasibility. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, with a research sample of class XI IPA SMA YPK Bintuni with a total of 20 people. The results showed that the developed STEM-based Thermodynamics e-module integrated with problem solving was very feasible to be used in learning with an average validator assessment of 90%. The Thermodynamics e-module is practical to use and effective in improving critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes, obtaining n-Gain of 0.53 in the medium category and 0.71 in the high category respectively.
 
Keywords:   E-module, Thermodynamics, critical thinking skills, problem solving, STEM.
           
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara membuat, mengembangkan dan kelayakan e-modul termodinamika berbasis STEM terintegrasi problem solving dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI SMA YPK Bintuni. Metode penelitian ini adalah research and devolopment (R&D) dengan mengadopsi lima tahapan model ADDIE (analyze, design, devolopmnet, implemention dan evaluation). Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah lembar uji kelayakan e-modul, tes hasil belajar dan tes hasil kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik untuk uji coba penggunaan e-modul. E-modul dianalisis secara empirik menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 20. E-modul yang dikembangkan telah divalidasi menggunakan skala likert pada aspek kelayakan isi, kelayakan bahasa dan kelayakan penyajian.  Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling, dengan sampel penelitian kelas XI IPA SMA YPK Bintuni dengan jumlah 20 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-modul Termodinamika berbasis STEM terintegrasi problem solving yang dikembangkan sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran dengan rata-rata penilaian validator sebesar 90%. E-modul Termodinamika tersebut praktis digunakan, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar peserta didik memperoleh n-Gain masing-masing 0,53 kategori sedang dan 0,71 kategori tinggi.
 
Kata kunci: E-modul, Termodinamika, kemampuan berpikir kritis, problem solving, STEM
ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF MALANG RAYA MOSQUES IN THE RELIGIOUS MODERATION PROGRAM
Authors: Rosidin Rosidin , Handoko Handoko , Ma'mun Sukron
Published: November 2024

This article aims to assess the feasibility of Malang Raya mosques in the Religious Moderation Program through the perspective of Durkheim, Parsons, and Merton’s functionalist sociological theories. Employing a qualitative approach, the research utilizes a case study methodology across multiple sites, specifically Al-Ghozali Mosque (Islamic education institution area), Al-Mukhlisin Mosque (residential area), and Al-Barokah Mosque (housing area). The findings align with four indicators of religious moderation: First, all three mosques fulfill the National Commitment standards based on empirical data related to organic solidarity that fosters a functional society, as evidenced by the manifest and latent functions exhibited by the mosques in the context of national commitment (Mu’ahadah Wataniyyah) and adherence to laws (Dusturiyyah). Second, the mosques meet the tolerance standards through their affiliations with mass organizations, namely Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyyah, which have historically demonstrated tolerance (Tasamuh), as well as the principle of justice (‘Adliyyah) upheld through financial transparency and accountability. Third, the mosques satisfy the anti-violence standards through programs promoting care and compassion (Rahamutiyyah) for women, children, the elderly, orphans, and the impoverished, alongside the active involvement of women (Mubadalah) in mosque activities, mainly as educators and staff at Al-Qur’an Learning Centre (Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an or TPQ) affiliated with the mosque. Fourth, the mosques adhere to the standards for acceptance of tradition through activities that reflect local traditional values (‘Urfiyyah), such as the mosque's architectural style; humanity (Insaniyyah), exemplified by economic assistance for disaster victims; and public welfare (Maslahah), demonstrated by their concern for the rights of road users.
CULTIVATING RELIGIOUS MODERATION VALUES THROUGH MANGAJI TUDANG AT MA’HAD ALY IN SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Pamessangi Andi Arif , Takwim Mardi , Kaharuddin Kaharuddin , Nazaruddin Rezkiawati
Published: November 2024

This study attempts to examine in more depth the learning with the Mangaji Tudang system as an effort to instill the values of religious moderation in students of Ma'had 'Aly in South Sulawesi, especially at Ma'had 'Aly DDI Mangkoso. Data collection in this study used three techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that Ma'had 'Aly DDI Mangkoso focuses on the field of Fiqh and its ushul (takhassus Fiqh wa Usuluhu). Learning carried out with the Mangaji Tudang model is a specialty of Ma'had Aly in South Sulawesi, including at Ma'had 'Aly DDI Mangkoso by means of a group of students listening to the teacher (anregurutta) reading, translating, explaining, and interpreting books, then each student will pay attention to making notes and giving meaning especially to words that are difficult to understand. The model of instilling religious moderation values through Mangaji Tudang learning is carried out by conveying wise messages that soothe the people and focus on the deepening of inclusive fiqh, the balance between aqli and naqli arguments, and strengthening the concept of washatiyah Islam. This research provides. This research will greatly contribute to the model of Islamic boarding school education, especially at the higher education level of Islamic boarding schools (Ma'had 'Aly) in teaching classical books that are integrated with the instillation of religious moderation values..
Soziale Bedingungen von Erinnern und Vergessen: Biographische und intergenerationale Dynamiken
Authors: Pohn-Lauggas Maria , Schäfer Miriam
Published: November 2024

Wir wenden uns in diesem Beitrag der Funktion des Vergessens und des Erinnerns in Familiengedächtnissen und in Biographien von Nachkommen jener zu, die im Nationalsozialismus als „asozial“ oder als Deserteure verfolgt wurden. Ausgangspunkt ist unsere biographieanalytische Mehrgenerationenforschung in Österreich und Deutschland zu intergenerationaler Tradierung und zu den Familiengedächtnissen dieser zwei Opfergruppierungen. Wir fokussieren hier auf die Frage, in welchen erinnerungspolitischen und biographischen Konstellationen bestimmte familiengeschichtliche Anteile vergessen und andere (wieder)erinnert werden. Anhand eines Vergleichs zweier Familien diskutieren wir, wie neues Wissen über die familiale Verfolgungsvergangenheit in Familiengedächtnisse integriert wird, wie an vergessene Anteile angeknüpft wird und wie somit neue Deutungen über die Familiengeschichte entstehen (können) und zugleich Anderes vergessen wird. Wir zeigen, dass das Vergessene, das sich einer intentionalen und reflexiven Zuwendung durch das Erinnern entzieht, dennoch intergenerational in Form von Deutungs- und Handlungsmustern weitergegeben wird; es wird nicht vergessen im Sinne eines Verlustes, sondern im Sinne eines Verdrängens oder Verblassens, eines Verleugnens oder Tabuisierens. Die in diesem Sinne vergessenen Anteile erweisen sich als intergenerational bedeutsam und handlungsstrukturierend.
Autobiographische Praktiken des Erinnerns und Vergessens. Soziale Ungleichheiten in Karrierewegen ostdeutscher Professor*innen
Authors: Behrmann Laura , Haag Hanna
Published: November 2024

In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir 18 Autosoziobiographien, geschrieben von Professor*innen, die zwischen 1942 und 1982 in der DDR geboren wurden. Als Grundlage für das Verfassen der autobiographischen Texte diente der Impuls, den Weg zur Professur vor dem Hintergrund des Aufwachsens in der DDR zu beschreiben. Wir fragen, inwiefern Erfahrungen sozialer Benachteiligung in der DDR-Gesellschaft sowie im Zuge der Systemtransformation in diesen Autobiographien konserviert oder aktiv neu ausgehandelt werden (mussten). Analytisch interessiert uns daran, welche Dimensionen sozialer Ungleichheit wie vergessen und erinnert werden. Der Beitrag verbindet somit mikrosoziologische Perspektiven der Ungleichheitsforschung mit biographietheoretischen Überlegungen und Aspekten sozialer Gedächtnisforschung. Am Beispiel der Intersektion von Benachteiligungsdimensionen lässt sich die Verwobenheit von individuellem und sozialem Gedächtnis herausarbeiten. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das Vergessen zu einem funktionalen Konstruktionsprozess von Autobiographien gehört, insbesondere dann, wenn kollektiv verhandeltes Wissen einbezogen werden muss. Diskussionswürdig ist damit abschließend, welche Phänomene und Prozesse sozialer Benachteiligung über autobiographische Erfahrungen zugänglich gemacht werden können.
„Was mit ihr passiert ist, weiß ich nich mehr“: Mythisierungsweisen des Vergessenen
Authors: Corsten Michael , Pierburg Melanie
Published: November 2024

In dem Artikel gehen wir der Frage nach, welchen Stellenwert die Artikulation von Nicht-Erinnertem und Nicht-Gewusstem in biographischen Erzählungen einnimmt. Dazu bestimmen wir zunächst allgemein das Verhältnis von biographischer Vergegenwärtigung, Gedächtnis und Nicht-Erinnern. Mithilfe von sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Gedächtniskonzepten gehen wir über ein Verständnis des Erinnerns als Vergegenwärtigung von Fakten hinaus und analysieren das Nicht-Erinnerte als ein Moment des Doing Autobiography (1). Basierend auf methodischen Ergänzungen der Narrationsanalyse biographischer Selbstdarstellung, die wir im zweiten Abschnitt umreißen (2), stellen wir im empirischen Hauptteil drei biographische Episoden aus zwei Fallstudien vor, in denen das Vergessen und das Vergessene in je unterschiedlicher Weise Teil der Erzählungen werden. Wie das nicht mehr Gewusste mit dem Gewussten verwoben wird und dadurch zur Sinnausrichtung der Sachverhaltsdarstellung beiträgt, rekonstruieren wir narrationsanalytisch. Hier fokussieren wir auf die sich entfaltenden Dramaturgien der Erzählpassagen (3). Wir gehen den Zusammenhängen von Nicht-Erinnern, biographischem Sprechen und Mythisierungen nach und rekonstruieren narrative Funktionen von Vergegenwärtigungsdefiziten und ihren Markierungen in Lebenserzählungen (4).
Dem Vergessen von Biographien nachnutzend begegnen
Authors: Schierbaum Kristina , Brinkmann Sinje
Published: November 2024

Der Beitrag diskutiert Erinnern und Vergessen im Kontext von Archivierung und qualitativer Sekundäranalyse von Biographien. Dabei wird die Rolle von Archiven bei der Bewahrung, Bereitstellung und Nachnutzung von Lebensgeschichten in Bezug auf die Erinnerungskultur herausgearbeitet. Zunächst werden verschiedene theoretische Bezüge zum Gedächtnisdiskurs hergestellt. Daran anschließend wird die Bedeutung von Archiven bei der Überführung von individuellen Erinnerungen in das kulturelle Gedächtnis entfaltet, um zu beschreiben, wie dadurch dem Vergessen entgegengewirkt wird und Biographien in die Erinnerungskultur eingebunden werden können. Außerdem wird die (digitale) Möglichkeit der Archivierung und Nachnutzung von Quellen herausgestellt, die zur Erweiterung methodischer und theoretischer Möglichkeiten sowie zur Bewahrung von Erinnerungen beiträgt. Qualitative Sekundäranalysen von biographischen Interviews können Leerstellen füllen, neue Perspektiven eröffnen und zur Nachhaltigkeit beitragen, erfordern jedoch den achtsamen Umgang mit den Daten und die Einhaltung forschungsethischer Grundsätze. Die Archivierung biographischer Narrationen leistet einen Beitrag zur lebendigen Erinnerungskultur und beugt dem kollektiven Vergessen vor, weil im Rahmen qualitativer Sekundäranalysen archivierter Quellen ein Erinnerungspotenzial entfaltet und darüber hinaus ein Reflexionsprozess über das Vergessen angeregt wird.
The Perceptions of Wasta Among Social Media Users in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region
Authors: Zummarová Adriana Abu , Kokaisl Petr
Published: November 2024

This article explores the phenomenon of wasta, a form of nepotism deeply embedded in the socio-cultural fabric of the Arabian Peninsula, particularly within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states (namely Bahrain, Kuwain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates) and its dynamic. Despite ongoing modernization efforts and attempts to combat corruption, wasta persists as a critical mechanism for social and economic interactions. Through a combination of Gadamer's hermeneutic method and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), this study analyzes public perceptions of wasta based on data from social media platforms Reddit, YouTube and King Fahad Petroleum University Forum.
МЕНОНІТСТВО В КОНФЕСІЙНОМУ ЛАНДШАФТІ ДОНЕЧЧИНИ (ХІХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ.)
Authors: Луковенко Ілля Геннадійович
Published: November 2024

У статті аналізується процес становлення та організації менонітських громад на Донеччині в кінці XVIII – початку ХХ ст. в контексті політики російського уряду з залюднення цих територій за рахунок переселенців з країн Європи. Аналізуються, узагальнюються та уточнюються тенденції та процеси, що були характерними для виникнення та розвитку менонітських громад як елементу тодішнього конфесійного ландшафту Донеччини упродовж всього періоду його існування у дорадянський період. Ставши елементом етноконфесійного ландшафту тодішньої Донеччини, європейські колоністи принесли культуру релігійного життя (яка частково вплинула і на релігійне життя оточуючого середовища), заснували поселення, значним чином сформували відповідну інфраструктуру, а головне показали різноманітність етноконфесійної картини Донеччини, де європейська складова стала однією з вирішальних. Менонітські громади Донеччини розглядаються як важливий елемент конфесійного життя регіону, як частина історії так званого «Євродонбасу», концепції, яка підкреслює європейське коріння регіону в цілому та релігійної його історії зокрема.