bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incremental Application of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure for the Evaluation of Atelectasis During RP-EBUS and Bronchoscopy (I-APPEAR)
Authors: Senyei Grant D. , Sagar Ala Eddin S. , Tran Brian , Shah Archan , Miller Russell , Patel Niral , Van Nostrand Keriann , Casal Roberto F. , Cheng George Z.
Published: June 2024

Background:

CT-to-body divergence—described as the difference between preprocedural CT scans and intraprocedural lung architecture—is a significant barrier to improving diagnostic yield during navigational bronchoscopy. A major proposed contributor to CT-to-body divergence is the development of atelectasis, which can confound visualization of peripheral lung lesions via radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS). High positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilatory strategies have been used to decrease atelectasis, allowing the lesion to re-APPEAR on intraprocedure imaging. However, standardized PEEP levels may not be appropriate for all patients due to hemodynamic and ventilatory impacts.

Methods:

We performed a multicenter, prospective observational study in which patients were imaged with RP-EBUS under general anesthesia to determine if subsegmental atelectasis would resolve as incremental increases in PEEP were applied. Resolution of atelectasis was based on the transition from a non-aerated pattern to an aerated appearance on RP-EBUS. RP-EBUS images were reviewed by 3 experienced operators to determine correlation.

Results:

Forty-three patients underwent RP-EBUS examination following navigational bronchoscopy. Thirty-seven patients underwent incremental PEEP application and subsequent RP-EBUS imaging. Atelectasis was determined to have resolved in 33 patients (88.2%) following increased PEEP. The intraclass correlation coefficient between reviewers was 0.76. A recruitment maneuver was performed in 7 (16.3%) patients after atelectasis persisted at maximal PEEP. Atelectasis was not identified in the examined subsegments in 6 (10.8%) patients despite zero PEEP.

Conclusion:

RP-EBUS is an effective tool to monitor what pressure atelectasis within a lung segment has resolved with increasing levels of PEEP.
Delayed Perforation After Endoscopic Resection of Upper Gastrointestinal Tumors
Authors: Heo Subin , Huh Jimi , Kim Jai Keun , Lee Ki Myung
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

To determine the clinical and imaging factors associated with surgical treatment in patients with delayed perforation after endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal tumors.

Methods:

We retrospectively included patients with delayed perforation after endoscopic tumor resection for gastric or duodenal tumors between January 2007 and December 2021 in a tertiary hospital. We compared the clinical, endoscopic, and CT findings of the surgical and conservative treatment groups. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify significant factors associated with surgery.

Results:

Among 10,423 patients who had undergone endoscopic tumor resection, 52 (0.50%) experienced delayed perforation, with 20 patients (35.5%) treated surgically and 32 patients (64.5%) treated conservatively. The CT findings of gross perforation (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=6.75, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-43.89; P=0.045) and presence of peritonitis (OR=34.26, 95% CI, 5.52-212.50; P<0.001) were significantly associated with surgical treatment. Other clinical factors as well as CT-measured amount of pneumoperitoneum were not significant factors.

Conclusions:

CT findings of gross perforation and peritonitis are significant factors associated with surgery in delayed perforation after endoscopic tumor resection. These factors can aid in guiding the patients towards an appropriate treatment plan.
Enhanced staging of extrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through dual-tracer PET/computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohebbi Alisa , Kiani Iman , Mohammadzadeh Saeed , Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad , Mohammadi Afshin , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to quantify the diagnostic value of dual-tracer PET/computed tomography (CT) with 11C-acetate and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in per-lesion and per-patient and its effect on clinical decision-making for choosing the most appropriate management. The study protocol is registered a priori at https://osf.io/rvm75/. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies until 1 June 2023. Studies regarding the review question were included. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) was used to assess bias risk. Per-lesion and per-patient diagnostic performance were calculated for: (1) 11C-acetate alone; (2) FDG alone; and (3) dual tracer of 11C-acetate and FDG. A direct comparison of these three combinations was made. The possible sources of statistical heterogeneity were also examined. We also calculated the percentage change in clinical decision-making when dual-tracer PET/CT was added to conventional imaging routinely used for metastatic evaluation (CT/MRI). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations tool was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Eight studies including 521 patients and 672 metastatic lesions were included. Dual-tracer PET/CT had a per-lesion sensitivity of 96.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 91.8–98.4%] and per-patient sensitivity of 95.5% (95% CI, 89.1–98.2%) which were highly superior to either of tracers alone. Per-patient specificity was 98.5% (84.1–99.9%) which was similar to either of tracers alone. Overall, 9.3% (95% CI, 4.7–13.9%) of the patients had their management beneficially altered by adding dual-tracer PET/CT to their conventional CT/MRI results. Dual-tracer PET/CT substantially outperforms single-tracer methods in detecting extrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma metastases, evidencing its reliability and significant role in refining clinical management strategies based on robust diagnostic performance.
Postexposure prophylaxis for occupational exposure to selected pathogens for healthcare personnel
Authors: Han Alison , Henderson David K.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review

Timely postexposure prophylaxis is important after an occupational exposure. Here we review select organisms, exposure opportunities in the healthcare setting, and postexposure prophylaxis regimens.

Recent findings

Needlestick injuries pose a risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Risk mitigation strategies should be reexamined in light of newer vaccines and therapeutics. Increased vaccine hesitancy and vaccine denialisms may foster the re-emergence of some infections that have become extremely uncommon because of effective vaccines. With increasing occurrences of zoonotic infections and the ease of global spread as evidenced by COVID-19 and mpox, healthcare exposures must also consider risks related to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

Early recognition and reporting of occupational exposures to pathogens with available postexposure prophylaxis is key to mitigating the risk of transmission. Providers should be able to evaluate the exposure and associated risks to provide prompt and appropriate postexposure prophylaxis.
Pengzhenrongella frigida sp. nov., isolated from a glacier
Authors: Liu Qing , Yang Lei-Lei , Xin Yu-Hua
Published: June 2024

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as HLT2-17T, was isolated from soil sample taken from the Hailuogou glacier in Sichuan province, PR China. Strain HLT2-17T was capable of growing at 4–25°C and in NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 2% (w/v). The highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was observed with Pengzhenrongella phosphoraccumulans M0-14T (98.3 %) and Pengzhenrongella sicca LRZ-2T (98.2 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain HLT2-17T and its closest relatives, P. phosphoraccumulans M0-14T and P. sicca LRZ-2T, were 80.0–84.0 % and 23.3–27.7 %, respectively. Phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain HLT2-17T clustered together with strains P. phosphoraccumulans M0-14T and P. sicca LRZ-2T. Strain HLT2-17T contained C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the menaquinone. Therefore, based on a polyphasic approach, we propose that strain HLT2-17T (=CGMCC 1.11116T= NBRC 110443T) represents a novel species of the genus Pengzhenrongella and suggest the name Pengzhenrongella frigida sp. nov.
Expansion of pneumococcal serotype 23F and 14 lineages with genotypic changes in capsule polysaccharide locus and virulence gene profiles post introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Cave Rory , Kalizang'oma Akuzike , Chaguza Chrispin , Mwalukomo Thandie S. , Kamng’ona Arox , Brown Comfort , Msefula Jacquline , Bonomali Farouck , Nyirenda Roseline , Swarthout Todd D. , Kwambana-Adams Brenda , French Neil , Heyderman Robert S.
Published: June 2024

Since the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Malawi in 2011, there has been persistent carriage of vaccine serotype (VT) Streptococcus pneumoniae, despite high vaccine coverage. To determine if there has been a genetic change within the VT capsule polysaccharide (cps) loci since the vaccine’s introduction, we compared 1022 whole-genome-sequenced VT isolates from 1998 to 2019. We identified the clonal expansion of a multidrug-resistant, penicillin non-susceptible serotype 23F GPSC14-ST2059 lineage, a serotype 14 GPSC9-ST782 lineage and a novel serotype 14 sequence type GPSC9-ST18728 lineage. Serotype 23F GPSC14-ST2059 had an I253T mutation within the capsule oligosaccharide repeat unit polymerase Wzy protein, which is predicted in silico to alter the protein pocket cavity. Moreover, serotype 23F GPSC14-ST2059 had SNPs in the DNA binding sites for the cps transcriptional repressors CspR and SpxR. Serotype 14 GPSC9-ST782 harbours a non-truncated version of the large repetitive protein (Lrp), containing a Cna protein B-type domain which is also present in proteins associated with infection and colonisation. These emergent lineages also harboured genes associated with antibiotic resistance, and the promotion of colonisation and infection which were absent in other lineages of the same serotype. Together these data suggest that in addition to serotype replacement, modifications of the capsule locus associated with changes in virulence factor expression and antibiotic resistance may promote vaccine escape. In summary, the study highlights that the persistence of vaccine serotype carriage despite high vaccine coverage in Malawi may be partly caused by expansion of VT lineages post-PCV13 rollout.
Aspirin improves both reactivity and durability of type-I interferon signaling to achieve functional cure of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Miao Ying , Yuan Yukang , Chen Yuanmei , Liu Jin , Huang Fan , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Renxia , Zhao Qian , Cui Qun , Tian Wanying , He Wei , Zuo Yibo , Zheng Zhijin , Zhao Zhenglan , Li Ming , Qian Feng , Zhu Li , Zhu Chuanwu , Zheng Hui
Published: June 2024

Type-I interferon (IFN-I) is currently the only drug for achieving a functional cure of chronic hepatitis B-virus (HBV) infection that is defined as HBsAg loss. However, the IFN-I-mediated functional cure rate is extremely low thus far. Previous studies demonstrated that IFN-I-induced degradation of IFN-I receptor-1 (IFNAR1) restricts the reactivity of IFN-I signaling. Here, we further reveal that IRF9 de-phosphorylation inhibits the durability of IFN-I signaling. We found that IRF9-Tyr112 phosphorylation is critical for IRF9 binding to the promoters of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), while PTP1B induces IRF9 de-phosphorylation and therefore attenuates IFN-I signaling durability and ISGs expression. Interestingly, we found that Aspirin can both rescue IRF9 phosphorylation and inhibit IFNAR1 degradation, thus remolding IFN-I signaling. Importantly, the functional cure rate after the IFN-I and Aspirin combination (IA) therapy reached over 86% (13/15). This study reveals the IA therapy as an effective therapeutic way for achieving a chronic HBV functional cure.
Molecular patterns and mechanisms of tumorigenesis in HPV-associated and HPV-independent sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zamuner Fernando T. , Gunti Sreenivasulu , Starrett Gabriel J. , Faraji Farhoud , Toni Tiffany , Saraswathula Anirudh , Vu Kenny , Gupta Anuj , Zhang Yan , Faden Daniel L. , Bryan Michael E. , Guo Theresa , Rowan Nicholas R. , Ramanathan Murugappan , Lane Andrew P. , Fakhry Carole , Gallia Gary L. , Allen Clint T. , Rooper Lisa M. , London Nyall R.
Published: June 2024

Mechanisms of tumorigenesis in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) remain poorly described due to its rare nature. A subset of SNSCC are associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV); however, it is unknown whether HPV is a driver of HPV-associated SNSCC tumorigenesis or merely a neutral bystander. We hypothesized that performing the first large high-throughput sequencing study of SNSCC would reveal molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis driving HPV-associated and HPV-independent SNSCC and identify targetable pathways. High-throughput sequencing was performed on 64 patients with HPV-associated and HPV-independent sinonasal carcinomas. Mutation annotation, viral integration, copy number, and pathway-based analyses were performed. Analysis of HPV-associated SNSCC revealed similar mutational patterns observed in HPV-associated cervical and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, including lack ofTP53mutations and the presence of known hotspot mutations in PI3K and FGFR3. Further similarities included enrichment of APOBEC mutational signature, viral integration at known hotspot locations, and frequent mutations in epigenetic regulators.

HPV-associated SNSCC-specific recurrent mutations were also identified includingKMT2C,UBXN11,AP3S1,MT-ND4, andMT-ND5. Mutations inKMT2DandFGFR3were associated with decreased overall survival. We developed the first known HPV-associated SNSCC cell line and combinatorial small molecule inhibition of YAP/TAZ and PI3K pathways synergistically inhibited tumor cell clonogenicity. In conclusion, HPV-associated SNSCC and HPV-independent SNSCC are driven by molecularly distinct mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Combinatorial blockade of YAP/TAZ and vertical inhibition of the PI3K pathway may be useful in targeting HPV-associated SNSCC whereas targeting MYC and horizontal inhibition of RAS/PI3K pathways for HPV-independent SNSCC.

One Sentence Summary

This study solidifies HPV as a driver of HPV-associated SNSCC tumorigenesis, identifies molecular mechanisms distinguishing HPV-associated and HPV-independent SNSCC, and elucidates YAP/TAZ and PI3K blockade as key targets for HPV-associated SNSCC.
AP2/ERF transcription factors enriched in the drought-response transcriptome of the Thar desert treeProsopis cinerariashow higher copy number and greater DNA-binding affinity than orthologs in drought-sensitive species
Authors: Dhiman Vedikaa , Marik Debankona , Amrita  , Shekhawat Rajveer Singh , Swain Asish Kumar , Dey Arpan , Yadav Pankaj , Pal Arumay , Dey Sucharita , Sadhukhan Ayan
Published: June 2024

We sequenced the drought-response transcriptome of the keystone tree speciesProsopis cinerariafrom the Indian Thar desert to understand the key factors in its drought tolerance mechanism. We identified a network of genes activated inP. cinerariainvolved in osmotic stress response, phytohormone, calcium, and phosphorelay signal transduction. Of these, up-regulation of 54 APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor genes, validated by real-time PCR, suggests their key role in the drought tolerance ofP. cineraria.We conducted a genome-wide study of the AP2/ERF superfamily inP. cineraria, classifying its 232 proteins into 15 clades and analyzing their protein structures, gene structure, and promoter organization. TheP. cinerariagenome contains more copies ofAP2/ERFgenes than drought-sensitive plants. Further, we identified sequence polymorphisms inAP2/ERFgenes between Arabian and Indian cultivars ofP. cineraria. We modeled the DNA-protein complex structures of AP2/ERFs from drought-tolerant and sensitive species using AlphaFold to compare their DNA binding ability. Though the DNA binding domain (DBD) is relatively conserved across species, the unstructured region of these proteins possesses different charge distributions, which might contribute differently to their DNA search and binding. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we teased out a higher number of specific DBD-DNA hydrogen bonds inP. cineraria,leading to a stronger DNA-binding affinity compared to drought-sensitiveArabidopsis thaliana. These results directly support copy number expansion of AP2/ERF transcription factors and the evolution of their structures for more efficient DNA search and binding as drought adaptation mechanisms inP. cineraria.
Infection control strategies in essential industries: using COVID-19 in the food industry to model economic and public health trade-offs
Authors: Henry Christopher , Bulut Ece , Murphy Sarah I. , Zoellner Claire , Adalja Aaron , Wetherington Diane , Wiedmann Martin , Alcaine Samuel , Ivanek Renata
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed challenges of balancing public health and economic goals of infection control in essential industries like food production. To enhance decision-making during future outbreaks, we developed a customizable agent-based model (FInd CoV Control) that predicts and counterfactually compares COVID-19 transmission in a food production operation under various interventions. The model tracks the number of infections as well as economic outcomes (e.g., number of unavailable workers, direct expenses, production losses). The results revealed strong trade-offs between public health and economic impacts of interventions. Temperature screening and virus testing protect public health but have substantial economic downsides. Vaccination, while inexpensive, is too slow as a reactive strategy. Intensive physical distancing and biosafety interventions prove cost-effective. The variability and bimodality in predicted impacts of interventions caution against relying on single-operation real-world data for decision-making. These findings underscore the need for a proactive infrastructure capable of rapidly developing integrated infection-economic mechanistic models to guide infection control, policy-making, and socially acceptable decisions.

Teaser

COVID-19 model helps navigate trade-offs between public health and economic impacts of infection control interventions in essential industries.
Prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among diabetic chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Tanzania
Authors: Mfundo Emmanuel Arthur , Marealle Alphonce Ignace , Nyondo Goodluck G. , Manguzu Martine A. , Buma Deus , Kunambi Peter , Mutagonda Ritah F.
Published: June 2024

Background

Poor glycemic control in diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis is of great challenge, resulting in increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among diabetic CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 dialysis centers located in four regions of Tanzania from March to June 2023. The study population was diabetic CKD patients above 18 years on maintenance hemodialysis for three months or more. A consecutive sampling technique was used for patient recruitment, and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The primary outcome was poor glycemic control which was considered when glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were < 6% or >8%. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for data analysis. Univariate and multivariable regression models were used to evaluate the determinants of poor glycemic control. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Out of 233 enrolled patients, the overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was 55.4%, whereby 27.0% had HbA1c <6% and 28.33% had HbA1c >8%. A high risk of HbA1c >8% was observed among patients who were on antidiabetic medication (2.16 (95% CI: 1.06– 4.41) p = 0.035) and those attending dialysis sessions less than 3 times a week (1.59 (95% CI: 1.02– 2.48) p = 0.04). While the predictor of HbA1c <6% was the type of dialyzer used (0.57 (95% CI 0.36 – 0.87) p = 0.020).

Conclusion

There is a high prevalence of poor glycemic control among diabetic CKD patients. Patients who were on antidiabetic medication and those who had less than three dialysis sessions had a high risk of HbA1c >8%. In contrast, those dialyzed using glucose-free dialysates had a high risk of HbA1c <6%.
Mutation of the allexivirus-specific P40 gene of Wineberry latent virus, an isolate of Blackberry virus E, greatly reduces virus multiplication
Authors: McGavin Wendy , Cowan Graham , Jones Susan , MacFarlane Stuart
Published: June 2024

The complete sequence of Wineberry latent virus (WLV), a previously reported but uncharacterisedRubus-infecting virus with flexuous particles, has been determined. Analysis shows WLV to have 76% overall nucleotide sequence identity to the more recently discovered Blackberry virus E, an allexivirus belonging to the subgroup of these viruses that lack the 3’ proximal cysteine-rich protein (CRP) gene present inAllium-infecting allexiviruses. An infectious cDNA clone of WLV was constructed and a mutation introduced into the P40 gene, which is an allexivirus-specific gene of unknown function. In addition, the infectious clone was modified to express the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as an N-terminal fusion to the WLV coat protein (CP). Using this GFP overcoat strategy it was possible to follow the multiplication and movement of the virus in infectedChenopodium quinoaand spinach leaves. Introduction of the frameshift mutation into the P40 gene of WLV reduced virus accumulation by 97%, and with the GFP overcoated WLV the P40 mutation almost entirely abolished GFP fluorescence in inoculated leaves suggesting that the WLV P40 protein is required for normal levels of virus multiplication.

Repositories

WLV complete sequences deposited at GenBank. Accession Nos. MZ944847.1, OQ877124.1
SLAM-seq reveals independent contributions of RNA processing and stability to gene expression in African trypanosomes
Authors: Luzak Vanessa , Osses Esteban , Danese Anna , Odendaal Christoff , Stricker Stefan H. , Haanstra Jurgen R. , Erhard Florian , Siegel T. Nicolai
Published: June 2024

Gene expression is a multi-step process that converts DNA-encoded information into proteins, involving RNA transcription, maturation, degradation, and translation. While transcriptional control is a major regulator of protein levels, the role of post-transcriptional processes such as RNA processing and degradation is less well understood due to the challenge of measuring their contributions individually.

To address this challenge, we investigated the control of gene expression inTrypanosoma brucei, a unicellular parasite assumed to lack transcriptional control. Instead, mRNA levels in T. bruceiare controlled by post-transcriptional processes, which enabled us to disentangle the contribution of both processes to total mRNA levels.

In this study, we developed an efficient metabolic RNA labeling approach and combined ultra-short metabolic labeling with transient transcriptome sequencing (TT-seq) to confirm the long-standing assumption that RNA polymerase II transcription is unregulated inT. brucei. In addition, we established thiol (SH)-linked alkylation for metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq) to globally quantify RNA processing rates and half-lives. Our data, combined with scRNA-seq data, indicate that RNA processing and stability independently affect total mRNA levels and contribute to the variability seen between individual cells in African trypanosomes.
The Interplay of Acetylation and Ubiquitination Controls PRMT1 Homeostasis
Authors: Najar Mohd. Altaf , Beyer Jenna N. , Crawford Callie E. W. , Burslem George M.
Published: June 2024

PRMT1 plays many important roles in both normal and disease biology, thus understanding it’s regulation is crucial. Herein, we report the role of p300-mediated acetylation at K228 in triggering PRMT1 degradation through FBXL17-mediated ubiquitination. Utilizing mass-spectrometry, cellular biochemistry, and genetic code-expansion technologies, we elucidate a crucial mechanism independent of PRMT1 transcript levels. These results underscore the significance of acetylation in governing protein stability and expand our understanding of PRMT1 homeostasis. By detailing the molecular interplay between acetylation and ubiquitination involved in PRMT1 degradation, this work contributes to broader efforts in deciphering post-translational mechanisms that influence protein homeostasis.
FISHnet: Detecting chromatin domains in single-cell sequential Oligopaints imaging data
Authors: Patel Rohan , Pham Kenneth , Chandrashekar Harshini , Phillips-Cremins Jennifer E.
Published: June 2024

Sequential Oligopaints DNA FISH is an imaging technique that measures higher-order genome folding at single-allele resolution via multiplexed, probe-based tracing. Currently there is a paucity of algorithms to identify 3D genome features in sequential Oligopaints data. Here, we present FISHnet, a graph theory method based on optimization of network modularity to detect chromatin domains and boundaries in pairwise distance matrices. FISHnet uncovers cell type-specific domain-like folding patterns on single alleles, thus enabling future studies aiming to elucidate the role for single-cell folding variation on genome function.
Prolonged exposure to hypergravity increases biomass and alters biomass allocation inArabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh. with no apparent impact on element content in the shoot system
Authors: Ohara Kazuki , Katayama Mizuki , Kamachi Hiroyuki , Kume Atsushi , Karahara Ichirou
Published: June 2024

Previous studies have already shown that plants can complete their life cycle under microgravity. However, the effects of long-term exposure to altered gravity conditions, including microgravity, on most of the biological processes of a plant’s life cycle remain largely unexplored. Given the limited opportunities for space experiments, it is crucial to conduct ground-based experiments, such as hypergravity experiments. To investigate the longer-term effects of hypergravity, we have developed and utilized a custom-built hypergravity cultivation system using a centrifuge equipped with lighting, enabling the continuous growth of seed plants under hypergravity conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of 10ghypergravity on the biomass of the shoot system (stems and rosette leaves) and the root system of vascular plants for the first time, covering the entire cultivation period from germination to 40 days. Our results showed that the dry mass of the stem per unit length was significantly higher under 10gcompared to the 1gcontrol, indicating a typical gravity resistance response of the stem. Moreover, the total dry mass of the stems, rosette leaves, and roots was higher under 10ghypergravity compared to the 1gcontrol, suggesting an increase in biomass at the individual plant level. We also observed that the leaf mass per area of the rosette leaf was higher under hypergravity compared to the 1gcontrol, indicating enhanced photosynthesis rates in Arabidopsis and resulting in increased biomass of individual plants. In terms of biomass allocation, both root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction were significantly higher under hypergravity conditions compared to the 1gcontrol. Furthermore, we measured the content of mineral elements (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, Zn) in the roots and rosette leaves using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Despite the increase in dry mass of the root system, we found no significant differences in the content of any of the ions analyzed between 10gand 1gconditions, indicating that mineral nutrient uptake homeostasis is maintained even under hypergravity conditions.
A systematic analysis of digital supply chain, big data and manufacturing lean time in industrial companies
Authors: Omoush Majd , Al-frejat Ala'a Sulieman , Masa'deh Ra'ed
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to systematically review the literature on digital supply chain (DSC), big data (BD) and manufacturing lead time (MLT) in industrial companies.

Design/methodology/approach

This study provides a systematic review of the 99 research on this subject that was published between 2015 and 2022. Studies were found in the Scopus database. This review also identifies gaps in the literature, highlights conflicting results, examines prospective data sources for empirical researchers and offers suggestions for choosing promising research subjects in the future.

Findings

This study performed a thorough literature review to a developing field of inquiry in order to identify the impact of the digital supply chain, BD and manufacturing lean time, an area that has received little attention in the literature. Future pathways and ramifications are also offered based on the literature content search. The results showed that BD improves DSC performance through resilience and innovation of the DSC. MLT and DSC integration were found to be positively correlated, according to the results.

Originality/value

Although the production lead time is preferable to boost customer value and supply reliability, the long lead time hurts the DSC’s ability to compete. DSC integration also improves coordination and streamlines processes. The researchers suggest fostering organizational flexibility, information exchange to accomplish DSC integration and adaptable behaviors including responsiveness and alertness.
How is the textile product development process managed? Exploring multiple dimensions and best practices in different firms of the production chain
Authors: Paula Letícia de Oliveira , Alliprandini Dário Henrique , Scur Gabriela
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to describe the product development process (PDP) of companies in the textile industry, seeking to understand the dynamics of their management from different actors along the production chain.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative empirical research adopted a multiple case studies design in five large Brazilian organizations, each representing a link in the production chain.

Findings

Textile PDP follows structured steps. However, it is still an informal process. The use of methodologies and tools for decision-making and control gates throughout the process is limited. Performance indicators do not cover all dimensions of the PDP since sales and profit are the main parameters for assessing projects. The predevelopment macro phase varies according to the product type and the company's business model, whereas the postdevelopment macro phase is nonexistent. PDP projects are executed through collective efforts of multiple departments in cross-functional teams, except for the commodities firms.

Practical implications

The study allows managers of Brazilian textile companies to understand the best practices in the PDP and those that require more attention, taking into account different business models and sectors of the production chain.

Originality/value

Our results contribute to the literature and practitioners by providing an overview of PDP management in the textile industry, covering its different production chain actors, types of projects and companies' characteristics.
Can China’s rural revitalisation policies be an example for other countries aligning with sustainable development goals (SDGs)-1, 2 and 12?
Authors: Islam Md. Ziaul
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Ever since China’s implementation of the open-door policy in 1978, there has been a remarkable transformation in the nation’s economic landscape. Undesirably, amidst the rapid urban development, the importance of prioritising and nurturing rural development in China has not received unwavering attention. Nevertheless, the Chinese government has embarked on many ventures to bridge the disparities existing amidst urban and rural areas, revitalise the rural economy, and enhance overall productivity. This paper enunciates the role of the Chinese government in prospering rural areas by implementing policies that align with the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs)- 1, 2 and 12.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a comprehensive methodology encompassing both primary and secondary research techniques to procure valuable insights and reviewed various Chinese government policies pertaining to rural revitalisation.

Findings

The study results demonstrate that throughout the policy implementation, China has contributed to the livelihoods of the rural communities and achieved SDG-1 (ending poverty) by 2030, ten years ahead of Agenda (2030). The country has also substantially improved its rural agricultural system by integrating modern science and technology and aiming to achieve SDG-2 (ensure food security) with the alignment of SDG-12 (sustainable production and consumption). The findings of this research indicate that despite some limitations in China’s rural revitalisation strategy, overall progress is seen in many aspects, particularly in achieving SDG-1, 2, and 12.

Research limitations/implications

The Chinese government has made significant efforts to promote ecological, social, and economic development in rural areas through various national initiatives such as the “New Countryside” and “Rural Revitalisation” strategies. These initiatives have successfully alleviated poverty, increased food production, and ensured sustainable production and consumption. The discoveries presented within this article possess immense value, as they provide profound insights for policymakers, rural planners, and researchers who are fervently searching for viable solutions to tackle the intricate interplay between rural development and sustainability. Therefore, this study has the potential to greatly benefit policymakers from various nations, as they can adopt China’s rural revitalisation model as a means to successfully achieve SDGs 1, 2, and 12.

Originality/value

This study found that despite numerous initiatives to improve rural landscapes, China’s rural revitalisation approach still poses concerns as local governments are likely to focus on increasing income capacity rather than concentrating on establishing environmental governance.
Schedule-cost optimization in high-rise buildings considering uncertainty
Authors: Huang Jinting , Ji Ankang , Xiao Zhonghua , Zhang Limao
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to develop a useful tool that can reliably and accurately find the critical paths of high-rise buildings and provide optimal solutions considering the uncertainty based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to enhance project implementation performance by assisting site workers and project managers in high-rise building engineering.

Design/methodology/approach

This research proposes an approach integrating the improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) considering uncertainty and delay scenarios simulated by MCS with the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution.

Findings

The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of generating optimal solutions, which can improve the construction performance of high-rise buildings and guide the implementation management for shortening building engineering project schedule and cost under the delay conditions.

Research limitations/implications

In this study, only the construction data of the two floors was focused due to the project at the construction stage, and future work can analyze the whole construction stage of the high-rise building to examine the performance of the approach, and the multi-objective optimization (MOO) only considered two factors as objectives, where more objectives, such as schedule, cost and quality, can be expanded in future.

Practical implications

The approach proposed in this research can be successfully applied to the construction process of high-rise buildings, which can be a guidance basis for optimizing the performance of high-rise building construction.

Originality/value

The innovations and advantages derived from the proposed approach underline its capability to handle project construction scheduling optimization (CSO) problems with different performance objectives under uncertainty and delay conditions.
Assessing the role of technology in enhancing the authentic tourist experience
Authors: Shekhar  , Valeri Marco
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The study aims to review how the use of technology enhances the authentic tourist experience. Technology and digitalization have enhanced tourist experiences. However, critiques comment on its ability to over-commercialize activity and lack of authenticity. Thus, there is a need to synthesize knowledge of technology usage to increase authentic tourist experience.

Design/methodology/approach

The study carries out a bibliometric review of the studies focusing on the use of technology in enhancing tourist experiences. Two hundred journal articles, published between 1997 and 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database to carry out descriptive and network analysis using the Gephi, VOSviewer and Science of Science (Sci2) software. The components of authentic tourism experience are identified from the literature through a content analysis.

Findings

The findings of the study are broadly classified into two: first, the most frequently used keywords in the study include tourist experience and satisfaction, co-creation, virtual reality, smart tourism, technology, authenticity and heritage tourism. Second, the five major themes studied in the topic include virtual reality and tourist experience; media, tourist experience and encounters; technology, smart tourism and tourist experience; digital transformation, social media and tourist experience; and virtual reality and tourist experience which are still relevant in the literature because of the presence of study gaps.

Originality/value

The findings are used to develop a conceptual framework for the role of technology in enhancing authenticity in tourism typologies where authenticity is critical.
The role of neuromorphic and biomimetic sensors
Authors: Bogue Rob
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide details of biomimetic and neuromorphic sensor research and developments and discuss their applications in robotics.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a short introduction, this first provides examples of recent biomimetic gripping and sensing skin research and developments. It then considers neuromorphic vision sensing technology and its potential robotic applications. Finally, brief conclusions are drawn.

Findings

Biomimetics aims to exploit mechanisms, structures and signal processing techniques which occur in the natural world. Biomimetic sensors and control techniques can impart robots with a range of enhanced capabilities such as learning, gripping and multidimensional tactile sensing. Neuromorphic vision sensors offer several key operation benefits over conventional frame-based imaging techniques. Robotic applications are still largely at the research stage but uses are anticipated in enhanced safety systems in autonomous vehicles and in robotic gripping.

Originality/value

This illustrates how tactile and imaging sensors based on biological principles can contribute to imparting robots with enhanced capabilities.
Modelling eco-friendly smart home appliances’ adoption intention from the perspective of residents: a comparative analysis of PLS-SEM and fsQCA
Authors: Chanda Razib Chandra , Vafaei-Zadeh Ali , Hanifah Haniruzila , Ramayah T.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This research aims to explore the factors influencing the adoption intention of eco-friendly smart home appliances among residents in densely populated urban areas of a developing country.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research approach was employed to gather data from 348 respondents through purposive sampling. A comparative analysis strategy was then utilized to investigate the adoption of eco-friendly smart home appliances, combining both linear (PLS-SEM) and non-linear (fsQCA) approaches.

Findings

The results obtained from PLS-SEM highlight that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, and environmental knowledge significantly influence the adoption intention of eco-friendly smart home appliances. However, the findings suggest that effort expectancy, social influence, and habit are not significantly associated with customers' intention to adopt eco-friendly smart home appliances. On the other hand, the fsQCA results identified eight configurations of antecedents, offering valuable insights into interpreting the complex combined causal relationships among these factors that can generate (each combination) the adoption intention of eco-friendly smart home appliances among densely populated city dwellers.

Research limitations/implications

This study offers crucial marketing insights for various stakeholders, including homeowners, technology developers and manufacturers, smart home service providers, real estate developers, and government entities. The findings provide guidance on how these stakeholders can effectively encourage customers to adopt eco-friendly smart home appliances, aligning with future environmental sustainability demands. The research implications underscore the significance of exploring the antecedents that influence customers' adoption intention of eco-friendly technologies, contributing to the attainment of future sustainability goals.

Originality/value

The environmental sustainability of smart homes, particularly in densely populated city settings in developing countries, has received limited attention in previous studies. Therefore, this study aims to address the pressing issue of global warming and make a meaningful contribution to future sustainability goals related to smart housing technologies. Therefore, this study employs a comprehensive approach, combining both PLS-SEM (linear) and fsQCA (non-linear) techniques to provide a more thorough examination of the factors influencing the adoption of environmentally sustainable smart home appliances.
Convergence of crises in Colombia: The intersection of refugee crisis, illegal armed groups and policy missteps
Authors: Johnson Kirk A.
Published: June 2024

The multiple crises of Colombian‐Venezuelan borderland geopolitics, which include a rise in Venezuelan refugees entering Colombia, mounting armed conflict from illegal armed groups throughout Colombia and the mixed efficacy of policy responses by the government, are converging to drive an evolution in Colombia's security concerns. This convergence of crises rivals the security conditions of the early 2000's. As before, the government faces prolific armed conflict, loss of legitimacy over sovereign territory to a host of illegal armed groups, unchecked coca cultivation‐trafficking and illicit economies, and an overwhelming loss of confidence in the central government's abilities to govern and counter these threats. This paper argues that the cumulative effect of the nascent convergence of crises is the subsequent rise of mounting Colombian insecurity and threats to stability that now permeates throughout the country – spanning and linking rural, urban and borderland areas in unprecedented ways while driving Venezuelan xenophobia and social unrest.
Colombia's role in great power competition
Authors: Jones Kristen
Published: June 2024

Great power competition between the United States and China marked the last decade and will continue to define geopolitics in the near future. Colombia is a key Latin American country with respect to this great power competition, and this article will explain why Colombia matters in the current great power competition. It will review the economic, military, and diplomatic resources of Colombia from each country, and the reception and effect that these decisions have on Colombia. In conclusion, the article proposes recommendations to support a liberal international order through engagement in Colombia.
Poor socioeconomic outcomes: Completion of the final examination after lower secondary education mitigates risks associated with gestational age
Authors: Wiingreen Rikke , Sørensen Kathrine Kold , Greisen Gorm , Løkkegaard Ellen C. L. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Mølholm Hansen Bo
Published: June 2024

Aim

To investigate the influence of gestational age (GA) on the association between completion of the final examination after 10–11 years of basic education and education, financial independence and income in early adulthood.

Methods

A nationwide register‐based study including individuals born in Denmark between 1990 and 1992. Completion of the examination was evaluated at age 18 and education, financial independence and income at age 28.

Results

Of 165 683 individuals included, 15.7%, 10.8% and 5.5% had low educational level, were not financially independent and had low income. For those who completed the examination odds ratio (OR) ranged from 1.03 at GA = 32–36 weeks to 1.25 at ≤27 weeks for low education, from 1.10 to 0.91 for not being financial independent and from 1.06 to 1.48 for low income. For those who did not complete the examination, OR increased from 7.55 at ≥37 weeks to 15.03 at ≤27 weeks for low education and from 4.68 to 15.31 for not being financial independent. For low income, OR was 2.57 and independent of GA.

Conclusion

For individuals who completed the examination, the odds of poor socioeconomic outcomes were independent of GA. Individuals who did not complete the examination had increased odds of poor socioeconomic outcomes, particularly as GA decreased.
Yesterday's problems are here to stay: Invisible exposure to geogenic metal (loid)s of arsenic, boron, and lithium in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Arriaza Bernardo , Amarasiriwardena Dulasiri
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we review the three natural contaminants (arsenic, boron, and lithium) that affected the ancient Andean populations of northern Chile. We debate the natural setting and the toxicity of these elements upon ancient populations exposed and their biocultural significance. This review demonstrates that recent advances in sensitive analytical atomic and mass spectrometry methods have immensely contributed to understanding the extent of exposure to geogenic metal (loid)s by ancient Andeans using well preserved tissues such as hair, bones, and teeth. In addition, the synthesized evidence shows that ancient Atacama Desert populations were significantly affected simultaneously by multiple potentially toxic chronic endemic regional hydro contaminants. Last, we suggest that future archaeometric and archaeological analysis need to consider ancient multicontaminants as an important factor when analyzing diet and health conditions.
Avatrombopag plus fostamatinib combination as treatment in patients with multirefractory immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mingot‐Castellano Maria Eva , Bastida Jose Maria , Ghanima Waleed , Ruiz Sainz Elena , Nuñez Vazquez Ramiro , Pedrote Amador Begoña , Abdel‐Kader Martín Laila , Piquer‐Monsonis Dolores , Canaro Mariana
Published: June 2024

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) refractory to multiple therapies may require a combination of drugs targeting different mechanisms and targets. In this retrospective, multicentre, international study, we report the safety and effectiveness of avatrombopag and fostamatininb in combination administered to 18 patients with multirefractory ITP. Overall, the combination response was achieved in 15 patients (83.3%), with a median time from combination start to best response of 15 days (IQR: 8–35 days). After a median follow‐up of 256 days (IQR: 142.8–319), 5 patients relapsed (26.7%), all during tapering or stopping one drug. Adverse events were described in 6 of 18 patients (33%).