bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System for Reporting Respiratory Cytology: To Establish Efficacy and Ease to Use in Routine Cytology Practice
Authors: Sharma Neha , Sharma Sonam , Singh Mukul
Published: June 2024

Background:

Various pulmonary cytology techniques have been established, representing morphological diversity and ranging from non-invasive to minimally invasive. However, there is currently no widely accepted classification system for respiratory cytology. In 2016, the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) proposed a six-tiered category system for the cytological sample obtained from the respiratory tract. The diagnostic efficacy of such a category system can help in the early diagnosis of lung cancer patients, thereby reducing mortality and morbidity.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy and utility of PSC guidelines for reporting respiratory cytology specimens in comparison to histopathology.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted over 6 months, from September 2023 to February 2024, on a prospective basis. Out of a total of 165 samples analyzed, 147 (89%) were bronchoalveolar lavage samples, 09 (05%) were bronchial brushings, 03 (02%) were bronchial washings, and 06 (04%) were endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration. These cytological specimens were processed and categorized according to the PSC reporting system for respiratory cytology, as non-diagnostic, benign, atypical, neoplastic (benign/undetermined malignant potential), suspicious of malignancy, and malignant. In all cases, the histopathological correlation with corresponding transbronchial or endobronchial lung biopsy was done.

Results:

Our study found that 4% of the cases were non-diagnostic, 80% were benign, 13% were atypical, 2% were suspicious for malignancy, and 1% were malignant. When compared with the histological diagnosis, the sensitivity was 53.13%, the specificity was 93.23%, and the overall accuracy was 85.45%.

Conclusion:

The PSC reporting system for respiratory cytology can easily standardize reporting patterns to enhance communication between cytopathologists and clinicians, ultimately improving patient care.
Electrocardiographic characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: An observational study
Authors: Tanwar Vikram Singh , Singh Anurag Ambroz , Sharma Kapil , Chawla Suraj , Tank Rakesh , Saini Anjali
Published: June 2024

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. It causes alteration in the cardiac performance that can be recorded by electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography noninvasively.

Methods:

In this observational study, we studied ECG changes and their relation with the disease severity and disease duration amongst 100 COPD patients.

Results:

Their mean age was 58.1 ± 12.0 years, and the mean disease duration was 7.9 ± 4.1 years. ECG was found normal in 31% and abnormal in 69% of subjects. Right axis deviation (RAD), right ventricular hypertrophy, right bundle branch block and P-pulmonale were noted in 38%, 28%, 20% and 17% of study subjects, respectively. Left bundle branch block, ventricular premature contractions (VPC) and second and third-degree block were seen in none of the subjects. ECG was found abnormal in 78% of patients with Stage 4 COPD, whereas only 17% of patients with Stage 1 COPD had their ECGs abnormal (P < 0.01). ECG was abnormal in 91% of patients with a disease duration of more than 10 years and 39% of patients with a disease duration of <5 years (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

RAD appeared to be the most common ECG finding in patients with COPD. Patients with advanced disease and longer disease duration have a high risk for ECG to be abnormal.
Neurorehabilitation and its relationship with biomarkers in motor recovery of acute ischemic stroke patients – A systematic review
Authors: Ahmad Shahnawaz , Singh Varun Kumar , Chorsiya Varsha , Chaurasia Rameshwar Nath
Published: June 2024

Neurorehabilitation is the major pathway for motor recovery, but its effect on biomarkers of stroke has rarely been considered. Only brain-derived neurotrophic factor and matrix metalloproteinase are related to the rehabilitation process. Radiological and inflammatory biomarkers need to be correlated with the neurorehabilitation process. The clinical and physiological effects of neurorehabilitation on biomarkers and motor recovery should be established, to maximise the effect of neurorehabilitation. In this systematic review with narrative synthesis we provide the current state and understanding of neurorehabilitation and its effect on biomarkers for motor recovery in acute ischaemic stroke patients.
Predictors of COVID-19 vaccination among antenatal mothers in South India
Authors: Saravanan V , Sindhuri R , Subalakshmi S , Mohan Reenaa , Pravin S
Published: June 2024

Background:

Severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus-2 disease (COVID-19) vaccination among antenatal mothers plays a vital role in preventing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We attempted to find out the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rate and to determine the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Methods:

Community-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months amongst antenatal mothers who are residing in the field practice area of primary healthcare (PHC). The participants were selected based on simple random sampling. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in their house using a pre-designed structured questionnaire after obtaining consent.

Results:

Amongst 246 antenatal mothers, 82.5% were in the 20-29 years of age group. Only 17.9% of the mothers were illiterates, 88.2% of the participants were homemakers. Majority (97%) belonged to the Hindu religion and more than half of them lived in nuclear families. One hundred and fifty (61%) had taken at least one dose of the vaccine. The logistic regression model was statistically significant (P < 0.05) and had explained 14.2% of the variance in acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and correctly classified 67.9% of cases. Fear concerning the safety of the vaccine and its side effects was the most commonly reported reason for not taking the vaccine.

Conclusion:

Targeted interventions to maximise COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women from ethnic minority communities and those living in deprived areas should be explored.
Stroke in a young female
Authors: Khaleelullah Syed , Kolia Vaishnavi , Rajitha Pathuri Sai Naga , Modugu Nageswara Rao , Uppin Megha , Vinay Krishna Karri
Published: June 2024

A 30-year-old female, with no prior co-morbidities, presented with chief complaints of headache for 4 days, deviation of the angle of the mouth towards the right side for 4 days, vomiting for 1 day and altered sensorium for 1 day. On general physical examination, her vitals were normal. Her Glasgow Coma Scale was E4V5M6. Neurological examination showed left-sided hemiplegia and left facial palsy. Diffusion-weighted imaging–magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of acute infarct. Complete haemogram showed anaemia, thrombocytopenia; leucocytosis with 60% promyelocytes. Diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukaemia was made. The patient was started on injection arsenic trioxide. However, the patient lapsed into a deep coma and started to bleed in the form of ecchymotic patches. Non-contrast computed tomogram brain was suggestive of right capsuloganglionic bleed with midline shift coagulation profile suggested of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The patient later succumbed to death.
Haemorrhagic ascites: An atypical presentation of endometriosis
Authors: Desai Suruchi , Oswal Shreya , Parikh Rashmi
Published: June 2024

Haemorrhagic ascites is primarily associated with perforated abdominal viscera, malignancies and tuberculosis or hepatic pathologies. However, its presentation due to ovarian endometriosis is a rare finding. We report the rare occurrence of haemorrhagic ascites due to ovarian endometriosis in a 26-year-old multiparous female presentingwith severe abdominal pain. The other probable causes of ascites were excluded and computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis revealed moderate ascites with bulky left ovarian cyst. Abdominal paracentesis revealed haemorrhagic ascitic fluid which on cytopathology did not reveal evidence of malignancy. Diagnostic work-up including magnetic resonance imaging and diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed the diagnosis. She was treated with oral dienogest which caused regression of the mass and pain. This case highlights that endometriosis may be included in the differential diagnosis while treating haemorrhagic ascites in women in reproductive age.
Clinico-patho-radiological study of mass in the right iliac fossa
Authors: Rao Battalapalli Sri Hari , Kumar V. N. , Rani G. Padmaja
Published: June 2024

Background:

Sparse recent data are available regarding the aetiological causes of the right iliac fossa (RIF) mass from Andhra Pradesh.

Methods:

We prospectively studied the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of consecutive cases (n = 100) presenting to our tertiary care teaching hospital with a RIF mass over 2 years.

Results:

Majority of RIF masses were seen in the third and fourth decades of life, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.8:1; 64% of the cases were due to appendicular pathology (appendicular mass [48%] and appendicular abscess [16%]), followed by ileocaecal tuberculosis (TB) (12%) and carcinoma caecum (10%) among others. Carcinoma caecum was more common in males (70%) as compared to females (30%). The majority (78%) were managed surgically; 4% died. Post-operative complications included wound infection and respiratory tract infection.

Conclusions:

Our observations suggest that appendicular pathology, ileocaecal TB and carcinoma caecum are common aetiological causes for RIF mass. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography will facilitate early localisation.
Grading of pelvic floor dysfunction on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Gautam Deeksha , Pobbati Harshavardhan , Ghosh Sumit Kumar
Published: June 2024

Background:

Pelvic floor disorders are often complex due to symptoms ranging from vague low back pain to major faecal incontinence and urinary incontinence. It is important to perform a dynamic study because certain abnormalities can be identified only during the straining or defaecation phase; for example, rectal prolapse or intussusception.

Methods:

This observational and descriptive study conducted over 18 months had included 50 patients (34 females). Cystocele was graded as mild, moderate and severe based on descent of urinary bladder below the pubococcygeal line (PCL). All of them underwent dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic floor. Uterine and vaginal vault prolapse was graded as mild, moderate and severe based on uterus, cervix and vaginal vault prolapse below the PCL line.

Results:

Their mean age was 52.4 (range 11-86) years. Cystocele was present in 59% of females and 19% of males. Urethral hypermobility seen in 6% females and 9% males.

Conclusions:

Dynamic MRI can be used as an important investigation before surgery to plan an appropriate surgical procedure based on grading of the pelvic organ prolapsed and involved compartment.
Impact of early postnatal support by lactation consultant on breastfeeding outcomes in urban population: A prospective observational study
Authors: Otiv Anjali , Bhat Minakshi , Koli Chandrashekhar K. , Rajadhyax Mamata Mangesh , Behera Abhiram
Published: June 2024

Background:

Early breastfeeding support helps in achieving exclusive breastfeeding by reducing the incidence of painful breast problems. A comparison of the impact of lactation counselling by lactation consultants and nursing staff would help to optimise care.

Methods:

In this prospective study conducted in the maternity ward of a private sector tertiary care hospital in an urban area, breastfeeding outcomes such as achievement of exclusive breastfeeding and incidence of painful breast problems such as sore nipples and breast engorgement as well as breastfeeding technique were compared between two groups of mother–newborn dyads receiving support from lactation consultants (study group) and maternity ward nursing staff (control group), respectively.

Results:

A total of 477 mother–newborn pairs were enrolled. Sixty-three out of 225 mothers (28%) in the study group complained of sore nipples as against 122 out of 252 mothers (48.4%) in the control group (odd ratio [OR] 0.414, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.282–0.607, P < 0.001). Breast engorgement was reported in 45 mothers (20%) in the study group and 117 mothers (46.4%) in the control group (OR 0.288, 95% CI 0.191–0.434, P < 0.001). Two hundred and three newborns (90.2%) from the study group were discharged on exclusive breastfeeding as compared to 149 newborns (59.1%) in the control group (OR 0.156, 95% CI 0.094–0.260, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Lactation consultants are significantly better than nursing staff at improving breastfeeding outcomes by providing trained support to optimise breastfeeding position and attachment, thereby preventing painful breast problems.
Prevalence of Taste Changes among Tobacco Users in Patients Visiting Dental Hospital – A Comparative Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Srinivasan Srividhya , Gopal K. Saraswathi , Raghunathan Anitha , Priyadharshini S. , Vyapuri Shravan
Published: June 2024

Background:

Impaired taste perception has impact on quality of life; Tobacco being an important contributing factor.

Aim:

To understand the impact of using tobacco on gustation among patients with habit of tobacco.

Method:

A total of 60 subjects enrolled divided into 3 groups (group 1): Habit of using tobacco without lesions; Group II: Patients with habit of using tobacco with tobacco associated lesions like leukoplakia, OSMF, oral cancer, tobacco pouch keratosis; Group III: Healthy individuals. Taste identification time using four aqueous solutions of basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, and bitter – was recorded (in seconds) and compared among three groups. The data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and analysis of variance using SPSS 20 version software.

Results:

Results revealed 40% of patients with tobacco habits had significant alteration in taste with sour taste identified as salt in tobacco users. Sweet taste identification took longer time followed by salt, bitter and sour in Group 2 patients with statistical highly significant difference (P=.001) between Group 1 and Group 2 when compared to control group (Group 3) for all the taste.

Conclusion:

Hence there exists a definite alteration of taste with greater time taken in identifying a particular taste in tobacco users.
The Analgesic Efficacy of Lidocaine/Prilocaine Cream during Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Poursaleh Sajjad , Safi Fatemeh , Modir Hesameddin , Safari Malihe
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) method is an effective method in diagnosis and approach to patients with thyroid nodules that create pain. This study investigates the analgesic effect of lidocaine/prilocaine cream during fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules to reduce discomfort in patients during the procedure.

Materials and Methods:

In a double-blind clinical trial, two groups including patients with thyroid nodules who were rubbed with lidocaine + prilocaine 5% on their skin before FNA and patients with thyroid nodules, who have had topical placebo cream applied to their skin before FNA, were recruited. The Numerical Rating Scale was used to check the pain level. The Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and Mann–Whitney’s nonparametric test were used for data analysis in SPSS software.

Results:

The average pain sensation in the intervention group is lower than the scores obtained in the control group, but despite the existing difference, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.7). The investigations showed that with the increase in the size and diameter of the thyroid nodules, the amount of pain that the patient feels during the procedure is reduced. Moreover, increasing the size of the nodule significantly reduces the amount of pain felt by the patient in the intervention group (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicated that the use of lidocaine/prilocaine cream in patients who are candidates for thyroid nodule biopsy did not have a significant effect on reducing their pain in contrast with literature. Therefore, based on the findings of the study, the use of lidocaine/prilocaine cream in these patients does not offer any significant decrease in pain sensation compared to using just a placebo.
Comparative Evaluation of Ease of Nasotracheal Intubation Using C-MAC versus TuoRen Video Laryngoscope in Adult Surgical Patients: A Randomized Study
Authors: Rajan Sunil , Chandrasekharan Rejitha , Mathew Jacob , Roy Roniya Ann , Rajkumar Reshma , Paul Jerry
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:

Laryngeal visualization and ease of intubation vary with the use of different video laryngoscopes. We compared the number of attempts taken for successful first-attempt nasotracheal intubation using C-MAC video laryngoscope versus TuoRen video laryngoscope. Ease of intubation and time taken, glottic view, and hemodynamic responses were also compared.

Materials and Methods:

It was a randomized, single-blinded trial conducted in eighty adult surgical patients with normal airways requiring nasotracheal intubation. In all patients, the protocols for induction and intubation were similar. In Group C, C-MAC video laryngoscope and in Group T, TuoRen video laryngoscope were used. Statistical analysis was done using independent samples t-test and Chi-squared test as applicable.

Results:

Successful first-attempt intubation was significantly higher in Group C compared to Group T (87.5% vs. 60%). Incidence of fogging was significantly lower in Group C compared to Group T (10% vs. 30%). Time taken for intubation was significantly higher in Group T (34.64 ± 4.38 s vs. 86.25 ± 8.56 s). The view of the glottis obtained was similar in both groups. A significantly higher number of patients in Group C had easy intubation (87.5% vs. 60%). Mean heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher in Group T after intubation.

Conclusion:

Successful first-attempt nasotracheal intubation was significantly higher with the use of C-MAC which required lesser attempts and time compared to TuoRen video laryngoscope. The glottic views obtained with both devices were comparable, but the ease of intubation was better and fogging was lesser with C-MAC. The use of TuoRen videoscope was associated with significantly higher hemodynamic responses.
Incidence of Contralateral Neck Nodal Metastasis in Recurrent Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tomar Gaurav , Kantharia Shehnaz , Banerjee Monalisa , Thakkar Ishani , Kantharia Rajesh Arvind
Published: June 2024

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of contralateral neck nodal metastasis in recurrent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) with ipsilateral neck addressed during previous surgery.

Methodology:

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 2870 patients treated at Kailash Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Goraj, from January 2018 to December 2022 was done. Ninety patients with ipsilateral local recurrences with lesions not crossing or reaching midline were evaluated for contralateral neck nodal metastasis. All patients had undergone ipsilateral neck dissection during the previous surgery.

Results:

Contralateral nodal metastasis was found in 16 patients (17.77%), of which 13 patients (14.44%) had extranodal extension (ENE) and 7 patients (7.77%) had occult metastasis. In 35 patients, ipsilateral completion neck dissection was performed, of which 5 patients (14.28%) were node positive with ENE and 8.33% had bilateral node positivity with ENE. The factors influencing contralateral nodal metastasis after surgery for recurrence were the depth of invasion and ipsilateral neck nodal positivity and factors influencing contralateral node positivity from the previous surgery were nodal status and margins.

Conclusion:

In patients with local recurrence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, with ipsilateral neck addressed previously, the lymphatic patterns alter. Hence, the predictable echelons are modified and no longer reliable. Hence, along with the excision of the primary lesion, completion of the ipsilateral neck and addressing the contralateral neck becomes mandatory, even if the patient is clinically node negative.
Schwannoma in the Retropharyngeal Space: Rare Site Causing a Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Ghosh Rajarshi , Lall Abhineet , Ansari Sajid , Dandekar Mitali
Published: June 2024

Retropharyngeal schwannoma is an uncommon entity and only a handful of cases are reported in literature. Data regarding its presenting features, radiological features, and definitive management are scarce. In this report, we highlight the diagnostic dilemma that occurs in such scenarios along with the approach to such cases.
Treatment De-escalation for Oropharyngeal Carcinoma in the Human Papillomavirus Era
Authors: Shah Aishwarya , Ghosh-Laskar Sarbani , Hu Kenneth S.
Published: June 2024

Treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) oropharyngeal carcinomas requires a multidisciplinary approach as varied paradigms yield equally favorable oncologic outcomes. Adverse effects from the various treatment modalities can significantly affect quality of life differently and therefore have been important study endpoints in de-escalation trials. This presentation summarizes the management of oropharyngeal carcinomas and strategies to de-intensify treatment with a focus on the reduction of radiation dose. It will review the recent literature supporting the use of biomarkers including functional imaging, circulating HPV tumor DNA, and rapid mid-treatment nodal shrinkage to identify patients in which treatment can be safely de-escalated. Evidence suggests that there may be a group of patients that may benefit from de-escalation of treatment while maximally sparing organs at risk important for swallowing, speech, and salivary flow.
Exploring the Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in Contralateral Neck Metastasis
Authors: Varsha B. K. , Thakur Shalini , Sindhe J. Raghunand , Rao Vishal U. S. , Subash Anand , Joy Anu , Puthiyottil Indu Vadakke , Bylapudi Bhanu Prakash , Maruthi Meghana , Mishra Shameekcha
Published: June 2024

Background:

The management of neck nodes in oral cavity cancers discernibly depends on the approach adopted for the primary tumor. There are abundant literature and consensus guidelines established for ipsilateral neck metastasis in small lateralized oral cavity cancers. However, the literature on the mechanism of contralateral neck metastasis and their management in recurrent settings is sparse. The current analysis aims at elucidating the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in contralateral neck metastasis and the incidence of the same.

Materials and Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study to include all the patients with recurrent ipsilateral oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma who underwent treatment between January 2016 and October 2021. Various parameters were analyzed, and the data were curated to arrive at a conclusion.

Results:

The analysis of several parameters, including demographics of the patient, tumor site, individual tumor, lymph node, metastasis (TNM) category, depth of invasion (DOI), extra-nodal extension (ENE) status, CTCs, adjuvant treatment received after first surgery followed by TNM category, DOI, worst pattern of invasion, ENE, type of neck dissection, histological grading of tumor, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, nodal yield, and number of nodes positive in the contralateral neck were studied in detail.

Conclusion:

The study showed a significant correlation between contralateral neck metastasis and CTCs.
Extranuclear DNA Variations in the Susceptibility of Glaucoma
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Kaur Ranjeet , Malik Manzoor A. , Angmo Dewang , Kaur Jasbir
Published: June 2024

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide which affects all age groups. It is often identified by high intraocular pressure, characteristic optic neuropathy, and vision loss. Due to multifactorial nature of glaucoma pathogenesis, the molecular events responsible for its precipitation are currently poorly understood. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations which are inherited maternally are being closely studied in recent times to elucidate the effect on glaucoma. Mitochondrial genetic studies till date have found a possible link between Leber hereditary optic neuropathy loci and glaucoma but with conflicting views. Furthermore, whole mtDNA studies in glaucoma points at the involvement of oxidative phosphorylation complex I and specifically the NADH dehydrogenase 5 gene in glaucoma. This review focuses on identifying the potential genes and variations in the maternally inherited mtDNA which might be involved in glaucoma pathogenesis.
Imaging-based Biomarkers as Predictors of Response to Anti-VEGF Therapy in Idiopathic Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Agrawal Surbhi , Chawla Rohan , Todi Vishnu , Vohra Rajpal , Azad Shorya V.
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers that predict the response of treatment-naive idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (iCNV) to anti-VEGF treatment.

METHODS:

Fourteen eyes diagnosed with iCNV underwent a dilated fundus examination, Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography - Angiography (OCT-A), and were given an anti-VEGF injection. The same examinations were repeated at every follow-up visit. Analysis of the pre- and posttreatment images was done to identify possible biomarkers which were evaluated to check association with decreased need for multiple anti-VEGF injections.

RESULTS:

At presentation, 11 patients showed a compact pattern, while three patients showed an arborizing pattern on OCT angiography (P = 1). On follow-up imaging, seven patients showed a marked response, five patients showed a moderate response, and two patients showed a mild response to anti-VEGF injection. Among the seven patients showing a marked response, only one required a repeat injection (P = 0.03). On analysis of SS-OCT, a novel Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) healing response was observed in posttreatment imaging of six patients (P = 0.59).

CONCLUSION:

A ”marked” response to the first anti-VEGF injection results in a more sustained response and is a positive prognostic factor. RPE healing response is an interesting observation that merits further evaluation. Morphology of neovascular membranes has no effect on long-term need for multiple anti-VEGF injections.
The Effect of Dorzolamide-timolol Eye drop on Intraocular Pressure Change in Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injected Patients
Authors: Coşkun Mehmet
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE:

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of dorzolamide–timolol (DT) eye drop used before intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injection on intraocular pressure (IOP) change.

METHODS:

50 eyes of 50 patients who received DT eye drops 1 h before IVR injection due to diabetic retinopathy and macular edema were considered Group 1, and 50 eyes of 50 patients who did not receive DT eye drops were considered Group 2. Those patients who had previously undergone intravitreal injection had intraocular surgery, and used any eye drops were not included in the study. Before the injection, IOP values were measured with a Tonopen contact handheld tonometer before the blepharostat was placed (BIOP), after the blepharostat was placed (AIOP), and at the 1st min after the injection (IIOP).

RESULTS:

There were 25 males and 25 females in Group 1 and 25 males and 25 females in Group 2; the mean age was 65.66 ± 9.94 years in Group 1 and 65.54 ± 7.43 years in Group 2 (P = 0.98). In Group 1, BIOP was 18.91 ± 18.91, AIOP was 21.62 ± 6.16 mmHg, and IIOP was 49.21 ± 10.95 mmHg. In Group 2, BIOP was 20.18 ± 4.19 mmHg, AIOP was 24.60 ± 4.90 mmHg, and IIOP was 49.96 ± 9.72 mmHg. IIOP-BIOP difference was 30.30 ± 9.85 mmHg in Group 1 and 29.78 ± 9.33 mmHg in Group 2 and the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.78). In Group 1, the IIOP-AIOP difference was 27.58 ± 10.60 mmHg and in Group 2, 25.36 ± 10.46 mmHg. The difference between IIOP and AIOP was not statistically significant (P = 0.27).

CONCLUSION:

The use of topical DT eye drops before IVR injection does not affect the intraocular pressure change.
Relationship between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Retinopathy in Diabetic Women
Authors: Coşkun Mehmet
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE:

To examine the relationship between the presence and severity of retinopathy in women with diabetes mellitus and sleep quality assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

METHODS:

Among 90 female patients with type 2 diabetes, 30 patients without retinopathy were classified into Group 1, 30 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy as Group 2, and 30 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy as Group 3. People who had a known sleep problem, had a history of using medication other than sleeping pills that would affect sleep, had lower or upper respiratory tract disease, had history of previous surgery, or were unable to answer the survey questions appropriately were excluded from the study.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 52.6 ± 6.18 years in Group 1, 55.15 ± 8.15 years in Group 2, and 60.35 ± 5.93 years in Group 3. While no statistical difference was observed between Groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.27), a statistical difference was observed between both Groups 1 and 3 (P = 0.01) and Groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.02). PSQI scores were found to be 5.10 ± 1.07 in Group 1, 7.30 ± 2.34 in Group 2, and 6.70 ± 1.21 in Group 3. In terms of these scores, there was a statistical difference between Group 1 and both Group 2 (P = 0.01) and Group 3 (P = 0.01), while no difference was observed between Groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.31).

CONCLUSION:

Although the presence of retinopathy significantly impairs sleep quality in diabeticwomen, no relationship was found between the severity of retinopathy and impaired sleep quality.
Surgical Audit for the Outcome of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Almohsen Maryam , Shehab Razan , Asal Ahmed , Alqassab Fatema
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of the study was to audit the primary and final success rate for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery performed between 2017 and 2022 at the Department of Ophthalmology in Salmanyia Medical Complex, the Kingdom of Bahrain. In addition, secondary outcomes for our study include assessments of risk factors for recurrence, final visual outcomes and complication rates.

METHODS:

Prospective observational study showed data analysis of case series for 75 RRD patients operated during the study period. All patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study and evaluated by a specialized vitreoretinal surgeon before and after their operation. All patients were operated by the same surgeon (M.A) in the study period. Data collected from the hospital’s electronic medical recording system (I-Seha) include macular state, pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, duration of symptoms, the presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), retinal breaks and their locations, any ocular comorbidities associated in the perioperative period such as increase in intraocular pressure or development of cataract, and operative notes related to the type of primary, secondary, and tertiary surgery if needed.

RESULTS:

A total number of 70 eyes from 70 patients with the majority of male patients (74.28%, n = 52) were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 54.75 years (range: 11–91 years). Most of the patients 48.57% presented within 6 days of symptoms. Nearly 77.1% of the operated cases were macula off, whereas 22.85% were macula on. Thirty-six of the eyes (51.4%) had complex RRD with a combination of PVR (34.2%). Sixty-three of the eyes (51.4%) underwent standard 23G pars plana vitrectomy, while the combined surgery with a scleral buckle was performed on 9 eyes (12.8%). Five patients underwent pneumatic retinopexy and two patients had primary scleral buckles. Combined phacoemulsification with vitrectomy in selected cases was performed on 13 eyes (18.5%). Different tamponading agents were used 35 eyes (50%) silicon oil, 17 eyes (24%) C3F8, and 18 eyes (25%) SF6. The primary reattachment rate after one operation was 77.1% (54 eyes). The final reattachment rate following a second or third procedure was 95.7%. The mean postoperative visual acuity was 6/18 (range: 6/6 to hand motions). Thirty percent of the cohort of patients had a visual acuity of 6/12 or better. Sixteen out of the 70 eyes redetached (22.8%) and 10 of those eyes (62.5%) were classified as “complex” preoperatively which is thought to be a significant risk factor for failure.

CONCLUSION:

Our audit overall met international success rates despite the presence of some complex scenarios which required multiple surgical interventions. The primary use of gas or silicon oil did not influence reattachment rates but had a statistical significance when it came to final visual outcomes.
Long-term Follow-up Results of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Removal in the Eyes with Ectopic Inner Foveal Retinal Layers
Authors: Tokuc Ecem O. , Karabas Levent , Muftuoglu Ilkay K. , Seyyar Sevim A.
Published: June 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pre- and perioperative factors related to time for the evolution of ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling.

METHODS:

This retrospective study included 81 consecutive eyes with idiopathic ERM that underwent vitrectomy surgery. Standard PPV + internal limiting membrane peeling was performed in all cases. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed for all patients before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and the last follow-up after surgery. We observed the postoperative improvement in EIFL severity in the short-term and longest follow-up and evaluated anatomical and functional improvement. Several parameters were assessed using the multivariate COX proportional hazard analysis.

RESULTS:

Eighty patients (81 eyes) with a mean age of 70.33 ± 7.75 years were followed for a mean of 34.37 ± 23.61 months, and 55.5% of eyes (45 eyes) with EIFL ERM showed improvement of foveal contour to a better stage at the last follow-up. The median estimated time for evolving to a better stage was 29.73 months for stage 2, 49.68 months for stage 3, and 38.67 months for stage 4 (P = 0.001, log-rank test). The severity of EIFL was the only significant factor for time to evolution of EIFL ERM to a better stage, where the eyes with stage 4 EIFL ERM showed faster foveal contour improvement compared to those with stage 3 EIFL ERM (hazard ratio: 0.317, 95% confidence interval = 0.164–0.615, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

On assessing preoperative factors, the preoperative EIFL stage emerged as the sole significant factor for EIFL ERM improvement to a better disease stage. This study reports some of the longest follow-up durations for patients undergoing PPV for EIFL ERM, and both functional and anatomical improvements were observed across all stages of EIFL, including in the advanced stage 4 EIFL ERM.
Bilateral Retinal Infiltration and Ischemia as the First Presenting Sign of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report with Multimodal Imaging
Authors: Alzuabi Asma K. , Alanazi Tariq A. , Alkharashi Abdulmajeed , Al-Qahtani Khalid M. , Albloushi Abdulrahman F.
Published: June 2024

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant proliferative disorder involving the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Retinal involvement is a rare form of presentation in patients with CML. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with an acute bilateral visual disturbance. Her initial visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed multiple yellowish retinal infiltrates, vascular sheathing, and peripheral sclerosed blood vessels. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed bilateral peripheral retinal ischemia. Optical coherence tomography of the macula showed varying sizes of hyperreflective lesions distributed within the inner and outer retinal layers and in the subretinal space. Systemic workup revealed marked leukocytosis, and bone marrow biopsy revealed CML. Patients with CML can rarely present with ocular symptoms. Early recognition and prompt referral are crucial in lifesaving.
Foreign Experience of Territorial Reintegration: Implications for Russia
Authors: Nechaev V. D. , Matiunkov E. S.
Published: June 2024

The studies on the reintegration of territories are becoming more relevant due to the changing geopolitical agenda and the tasks facing Russia. The article overviews works by Russian and foreign authors, dedicated to integration and reintegration. They are divided into two groups, varying on the level of analysis, systemic and individual. The overview lays a basis for a two-level model to study reintegration in the three spheres that are economic, political and social and cultural. Using the model, the article analyzes two cases in contemporary history, namely the reintegration of East Germany into the FRG and that of Hong Kong into the PRC. Comparing them, the study found some differences which prove the importance of opting for the strategy in all spheres of social system. In addition, the article assumes that at least one catalyzing element is needed to urge reintegration. In both cases it was economics that gave impetus to reintegration, while culture produced consolidation. The study provides conclusions considering the prospects of further reintegration studies.
APLIKASI SISTEM PELAYANAN DAN PENJUALAN PRODUK PADA BENGKEL LAS BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Hasibuan Sri Heriani , Sembiring Boni Oktaviana , Andriana Septiana Dewi
Published: June 2024

Umumnya bengkel las menerima pesanan dari para konsumen yang mendatangi langsung ke tempat yang dekat dengan rumahnya. Sehingga dengan datang langsung para konsumen dapat menyampaikan keinginan mengenai produk yang akan dibuat kepada pekerja bengkel las. Bengkel las selalu melayani setiap pesamam konsumen dan memberikan yang terbaik. Masalah yang terjadi adalah tempat yang jauh membuat konsumen merasa kesulitan untuk mendatanginya. Disisi lain masih terdapat banyak keluhan konsumen terhadap layanan dari bengkel las yang kurang membuat hati konsumen merasa senang. Bengkel las banyak mendapat kritikan langsung dan tidak langsung dan hal ini dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kemajuan usahanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan Framework Codeigniter untuk mempermudah pemrograman web serta menyempurnakan web yang dibuat. Sehingga dengan adanya Aplikasi Sistem Pelayanan dan Penjualan pada Bengkel Las Berbasis Web Menggunakan Framework Codeigniter maka Bengkel las mendapatkan kemudahan dalam menerima pesanan dan konsumen mendapat kemudahan dalam melakukan pesanan. Kata Kunci: Aplikasi, Sistem, Pelayanan, Penjualan, Bengkel Las, Web
MANAJEMEN PROYEK SISTEM INFORMASI PERANCANGAN WEB RINCIAN PENERBITAN SURAT PERINTAH PENCAIRAN DANA PADA BADAN KEUANGAN DAN ASET DAERAH
Authors: Aulia Diva , Yahfizham Yahfizham
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanajemen proyek sistem informasi perancangan web rincian penerbitan surat perintah pencairan dana pada badan keuangan aset dan daerah. Dimana, di dalam BKAD terdapat beberapa sistem pengelolaan keuangan diantara nya E-Keuangan, CMS, SIMBADA, E-Absensi, SIMDA. Diantara aplikasiaplikasi tersebut masih terdapat kekurangan contohnya Surat Perintah Pencairan Dana (SP2D) yang masih terhitung banyak memiliki data. Jenis penelitian ini diklasifikasikan pada jenis penelitian survei, yang menggunakan instrumen Public Financial Management(PFM). Hasil penelitian yang didapat yaitu, Penerapan sistem informasi keuangan terintegrasi dapat mengoptimalkan pembuatan Surat Perintah Pencairan Dana (SP2D) dan Dokumen Pelaksanaan Anggaran (DPA), mengurangi keterlibatan manual, dan mempercepat alur kerja.
SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PROYEK (SIMAPRO) BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Aryadinata Dio , Yahfizham Yahfizham
Published: June 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi manajemen proyek (SIMAPRO) berbasis web yang akan membantu dalam manajemen proyek. Sistem informasi berbasis website ini dikembangkan dengan memanfaatkan framework CodeIgniter, template bootstrap, dan bahasa pemrograman PHP. Target waktu, anggaran, dan persyaratan pekerjaan yang dilaksanakan semuanya dapat dipenuhi dengan sukses dan efisien dengan bantuan Sistem Manajemen Proyek, yang terdiri dari sejumlah tugas perencanaan, implementasi, dan pengendalian. Dalam konteks manajemen sistem informasi, manajemen proyek memainkan peran penting dalam memastikan pemanfaatan sumber daya yang efisien dan kelancaran pelaksanaan proyek. Aspek keberhasilan penting untuk suatu proyek mencakup manajemen biaya yang akurat, mitigasi risiko, komunikasi yang baik, dan pengambilan keputusan yang tepat. Evaluasi terhadap reliabilitas, validitas, dan kekuatan bukti setiap kumpulan data dilakukan untuk menentukan kualitas informasi yang digunakan. Dalam konteks manajemen sistem informasi, manajemen proyek sangatlah penting, dan tujuannya adalah untuk menjamin penggunaan sumber daya yang efisien dan pelaksanaan proyek yang lancar. Aspek keberhasilan penting untuk suatu proyek mencakup manajemen biaya yang akurat, mitigasi risiko, komunikasi yang baik, dan pengambilan keputusan yang tepat. Untuk mengevaluasi kualitas informasi yang digunakan, setiap bagian data yang dipilih dievaluasi validitas, reliabilitas, dan kekuatan buktinya.
MANAJEMEN PROYEK SISTEM INFORMASI PENDATAAN PEMESANAN DAN PEMBAYARAN LAUNDRY BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Fitrah Windi Aninda , Yahfizham Yahfizham
Published: June 2024

Manajamen proyek sistem informasi pendataan pemesanan dan pembayaran laundry berbasis web dirancang sebagai respons terhadap meningkatnya tuntutan dalam industri layanan laundry di Kota Medan, Indonesia, yang memerlukan sistem yang terintegrasi dan efisien untuk mengelola dengan baik proses pemesanan dan pembayaran, khususnya dengan pertumbuhan permintaan yang signifikan. Metodologi SDLC diterapkan dalam penelitian ini, yang mencakup serangkaian langkah mulai dari Tahap Pemahaman kebutuhan, Tahap Perencanaan, Tahap Analisi, Tahap Desain, Tahap Pembuatan, Tahap Pengujian, Tahap Implementasi, Tahap Pemeliharaan dan Peningkaan dengan tujuan untuk memastikan bahwa solusi yang dikembangkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan serta standar yang diharapkan. Melalui pendekatan gabungan observasi dan wawancara, penelitian sistem ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang proses bisnis dan kebutuhan pengguna dalam konteks layanan laundry di Kota Medan. Sistem yang dirancang mengambil langkah-langkah komprehensif, mulai dari tahap pendataan pemesanan laundry, penentuan nomor antrian untuk layanan, proses pembayaran yang efisien, hingga pelaporan transaksi secara akurat, dengan fokus pada pengembangan solusi yang mudah diakses bagi pelanggan melalui platform web, sehingga meningkatkan keterjangkauan dan kenyamanan layanan bagi mereka. Dengan implementasi yang berhasil, diharapkan bahwa proyek ini tidak hanya akan meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, tetapi juga akan mengangkat standar kualitas pelayanan laundry di Kota Medan secara keseluruhan.
Enhancement of Infrared Image Processing by CDR Technique
Authors: Kumar P. Nirmal , Suba S. M.
Published: June 2024

Infrared technology's significant advancements have sparked revolutionary transformations in the scientific, technological, military, industrial, and medical sectors. These advancements have reshaped industries, leading to groundbreaking developments and applications, impacting various fields profoundly and paving the way for innovative solutions and enhanced capabilities across diverse domains. Despite considerable advancements, persistent challenges arise from sensor output response errors due to faulty hardware in infrared sensors and limitations in manufacturing processes. These obstacles hinder progress despite notable strides in technology. These challenges adversely affect the quality of infrared images, necessitating remedial measures. In response, a corrective strategy is proposed, focusing on adjusting the gray-scale dynamic range. This innovative compensation algorithm leverages a technique that enhances image intricacies through gray-level dynamic range compensation. Comparative analysis demonstrates its superior efficacy in image enhancement compared to traditional methods, showcasing its ability to address common issues in infrared imaging effectively. Such advancements significantly contribute to enhancing clarity and reliability in critical domains where precision and accuracy are paramount.
Serial Verb Construction in Sundanese
Authors: Siallagan Gracia Clara , Purba Adinda Melva Cristy , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze the construction of serial verbs in Sundanese using the X-bar theory. Data sourced from written Sundanese as the main data and spoken data as supporting data. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method using the X-Bar theory introduced by Noam Chomsky. The results of the analysis show that the Sundanese serial verb construction (BS) has three constructions namely coordinate KVS, incoative KVS, and configurational KVS. Based on the structure of its construction, Sundanese as a language that is typologically classified as an SVO language. The construction of serial verbs in the BS has typological characteristics of a verb-framed language. In terms of syntactic structure, Sundanese serial verbs can have the X-KOMP or X-ADJ structure. These findings contribute to our understanding of serial verb constructions in Sundanese by delineating specific syntactic patterns and typological characteristics unique to the language. The implications of these findings extend to broader language studies, offering insights into the syntactic behaviors of SVO languages and providing practical applications for language preservation and educational frameworks.
Transfer Pricing Audit Policy Design Toward A Fair Tax System In Indonesia
Authors: Togatorop Ginda , Rosdiana Haula , Setyowati Milla Sepliana
Published: June 2024

The execution of transfer pricing (TP) audit policies, aimed at deterring tax evasion activities and ensuring adherence to the arm's length principle (ALP) among affiliated parties, is scrutinized in this investigation. This study adopts a qualitative research approach encompassing post-positivism and constructivism, employing data analysis methodologies like triangulation techniques and utilizing NVivo tools such as Coding. The research seeks to elucidate and scrutinize the enforcement of transfer pricing audit policies, pinpoint factors affecting their execution, and devise strategies for managing transfer pricing audits. Findings reveal that the enforcement of TP audit policies can be examined from the contextual policy aspect, encompassing influential interests, decision-making locus, and resource utilization, alongside considerations of policy content, including actor strategies and regulatory characteristics. External factors such as perceptions of the Indonesian tax system and internal factors such as human resource preparedness impact policy execution. Practical implications include the necessity to update operational guidelines, stay abreast of business model advancements, and enhance Customer Relationship Management (CRM) implementation to bolster TP audit efficacy.