bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Smallholder Farmer's Social Media Adoption in the Nkomazi Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province
Authors: Zondo W.N.S. , Ndoro J.R.
Published: May 2024

Social media has the potential to provide enhanced and faster measures of disseminating agricultural information to smallholder farmers. This study investigated socioeconomic characteristics encompassing demographic factors affecting smallholder farmers' adoption of social media. The study focused on varying livestock and crop smallholder farmers, including cattle, goats, maize, sugarcane, and leguminous crop producers. A cross-sectional survey was employed to collect the data using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and a Binary Logistic Regression was used to analyse the data. The sample size was 217 smallholder farmers. The results revealed that age, level of education, annual farming income, and cooperative membership were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in social media adoption. The study findings show that skills and training in ICT increase the probability of adopting social media, and the socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder farmers influence its adoption. The study concludes that stakeholders such as local government must improve smallholder farmers' basic literacy and skills in digital technology. It further recommends that policymakers formulate policies that provide the necessary infrastructure and supporting inputs such as open access internet, cell towers, and cooperative social media platforms that allow for interactive interactions with relevant stakeholders that provide advisory services.
The Impact of Smallholder Irrigation Scheme on Household Welfare in Farm-Managed Irrigation Scheme Communities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Jiba P. , Obi A. , Mdoda L. , Mzuyanda C.
Published: May 2024

The smallholder irrigation scheme development is seen as an important strategy to transform resource-poor communities by enhancing food security and alleviating rural poverty, which has led the South African government to prioritise and invest significantly in irrigation establishment, rehabilitation, and revitalisation. However, little information is available on the effectiveness and impact of smallholder irrigation schemes in improving rural livelihoods. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the impact of smallholder irrigation schemes on household welfare, specifically on household income in farmer-managed irrigation scheme communities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Primary data in the form of structured questionnaires was used to collect data from 160 farmers using multi-stage sampling. Descriptive statistics and propensity score matching were used for analysis. The study results reveal that smallholder irrigation schemes can significantly transform smallholder farmers' lives by increasing productivity and providing reliable income from farming. The study found a positive impact and relationship between smallholder irrigation schemes and household welfare in the study. Farm characteristics and socioeconomic and institutional factors influence smallholder participation in smallholder irrigation farming. Based on the results, the study recommends that the government continue investing in irrigation schemes to increase the rural economy, improve rural livelihoods, and attract young people to farming. Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform must encourage farmer participation in irrigation schemes and build their capacity through training using agricultural extension agents and subsidising farmers with agronomic practices to improve participation in smallholder irrigation schemes.
How Sensitive Are South African Postgraduate Research to Pandemic Lockdowns? A Case of Agricultural Economics and Extension Dissertations
Authors: Zantsi S. , Sotsha K. , Nkunjana T.
Published: May 2024

The key to avoiding the next pandemic catastrophe is to be prepared. This research represents an attempt to understand the potential effects of lockdowns on completing Masters and PhD dissertations that focus on smallholder farmer's primary data, taking the example of COVID-19. A sample of four South African universities (Fort Hare, Limpopo, KwaZulu Natal, and Western Cape), which mainly research smallholder farmers using primary data, addresses the study objective. Dissertations completed in 2014-2019 (pre-pandemic) were retrieved from the respective universities’ repositories. An abstract appraisal was done to identify dissertations that focused on smallholders and used smallholder primary data. Hence, a smallholder dissertation index (SDI) was computed to measure the susceptibility of each university to lockdown interruptions. The results indicated that the master's and PhD research in the selected universities rely heavily on smallholder primary data (shown by >0.50 SDI), with varying proportions between the universities. Dissertations that used smallholder primary data obtained the data using face-to-face field interviews. This implies that in these institutions, the lockdowns could have negatively affected the writing of master's and PhD dissertations. Consequently, the study concluded that adopting online survey methods might help minimise the impact of lockdowns.
Yield and Multivariate Analysis among Twelve Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L) Genotypes at Mankusa, North Western, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen S.A. , Azene T.F. , Tessema W.M.
Published: May 2024

Smallholders cultivated sugarcane for household consumption, immediate cash, and feeding livestock in Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity are constrained by a lack of improved varieties. Sugarcane germplasm was collected from Districts of West Gojjam, Ethiopia, to evaluate yield and its contributing characters and quantify the phenotypic diversity at Mankusa, Jabitehnan, Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted using a randomised complete block design with three replications for two crop cycles, from April 2020 to March 2023. Data were recorded for the number of tillers, internode length, sellable stalks, plant height, stalk diameter, cane yield and biomass yield from twelve genotypes collected. The data recorded were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were separated using the Duncan Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level. Variance and multivariate analysis indicated the existence of high phenotypic diversity between genotypes in all quantitative traits studied. Acc 7/20 and Acc 5/20 genotypes produced the highest number of tillers and longest internodes, while Acc 6/20 produced the highest number of sellable stalks. The genotype Acc 4/20 was the longest, and the thickest genotype, which could be elite donors for it respected quality traits through crossing. The highest cane yield was recorded from Acc 4/20 (178.04 t/ha), Acc 7/20 (151.41 t/ha), Acc 8/20 (134.1 t/ha) and Acc 12/20 (132 t/ha), producing 58, 34, 19 and 17% advantageous from the overall genotypes mean, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped the twelve sugarcane genotypes into four clusters, indicating the possibility of broadening the genetic basis by crossing genotypes in the different clusters. It also indicated that a cross between cluster II and III genotypes could create the thickest canes with many sellable stalks. Therefore, genotypes Acc 04/20, Acc 07/20, Acc 8/20 and Acc 12/20 have been recommended and must be evaluated in other sugarcane growing areas to exploit their potential.
LOYALITAS MASYARAKAT JAWA KUNA PADA RAJA MENURUT PRASASTI ABAD XIII–XV
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Geraldine Victoria
Published: May 2024

The sima inscription is an edict issued by the king as a gift given to certain parties. One of the reasons for its bestowment is as a reward to those who have shown him loyalty. This paper studies the forms of loyalty shown by the Ancient Javanese People to the king and the factors that influenced it. The study aims to give an understanding of the relationship that existed between the Ancient Javanese people and the king in the XIII–XV Centuries AD. The results of this research provides new insight for the effort to reconstruct the life of the Ancient Javanese people. The method used in this study consists of data collection, data analysis, and interpretation. Based on this series of studies, it can be determined that there are multiple forms of loyalties shown by the Ancient Javanese people to the king and multiple factors that influenced its formation
MUSEUM DAN SEKOLAH: SINERGI KEBIJAKAN DEMOKRATISASI KEBUDAYAAN MELALUI PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN SENI DAN BUDAYA DI KOTA LA ROCHELLE - PRANCIS
Authors:   Centre de recherches en histoire internationale et atlantique (CHRIA), La Rochelle Université France, Wibowo Agung
Published: May 2024

Our article describes the relationship between museums and schools as a policy of democratisation of French culture, a policy that has encouraged the ministry of education and the ministry of culture to work together in designing arts and cultural learning programmes in museums and in schools. The case study of the implementation of the national policy of democratisation of culture by the municipality of La Rochelle is an important consideration that can help us to understand how the locality of public policy implementation in France can contribute specific characteristics to the cultural development and management of museums and schools. Arts and culture learning in museums aims to bring students into direct contact with museum collections. The aim is to give students real-life experiences, encouraging them to easily express or talk about them, both in the classroom and beyond. Learning in museums is designed to build sensitivity to emotions and impressions that arise when dealing directly with museum objects, when looking at the shape, colour or material of museum objects. Students will comment and express their experiences. This is the virtue of the learning process.
PERSEPSI PEMERINTAH DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PELESTARIAN CAGAR BUDAYA: STUDI KASUS KAWASAN CAGAR BUDAYA PUSAT PEMERINTAHAN KESULTANAN SIAK SRI INDRAPURA
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia, Ginanjar Agi
Published: May 2024

This study discusses the interpretation of the importance of government versus community in the preservation and potential use of the Siak Sri Indrapura Cultural Heritage Area. Efforts for preservation in accordance with the law are not easy, since in practice various problems arise, especially those related to their use. The purpose of this study is to combine the interpretation of important values of government and society in the preservation of cultural heritage areas and their potential use by taking into account socio-cultural and economic values. This study was designed using a convergent qualitative and quantitative approach (convergent mixed methods approach), where data collected through qualitative and quantitative approaches are analyzed separately, then the results of the analysis are compared whether the findings of the data in the form of mutual information become normalized, or vice versa do not normalize each other. The result of study found the need for community participation in compiling significant values and the similarity between government interpretation and public perception in aspects of sosio-cultural and economic values.
Türkiye’de Hane Halkı Aile Yapısının Kadınların Çalışma Süresi Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Bursal Mücella , Şentürk İsmail
Published: May 2024

Çalışmanın temel amacı, farklı aile yapısına sahip olan hanelerde kadının, aile içerisindeki rolünün çalışma süresine etkisini incelemektir. Kadınların farklı aile yapılarında farklı sorumlulukları olmasına rağmen, hangi aile yapısında olursa olsun kadının aile içerisinde ortak kabul edilen sorumluluklara sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Bu yüzden aile içerisindeki kadınların çalışma sürelerini ve sonrasında elde edilen bulguları incelenmek önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmamızda yöntem olarak Poisson regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırılan deneyde bağımlı değişken değerleri 0, 1, 2, … gibi tamsayı değerlerini alıyorsa incelenen model Poisson regresyon modelidir. Analizde, ailede hane halkı sorumlusunun eşi olan ve hane halkı sorumlusu olan kadınların çalışma süresine etkisi ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kadının hane halkı sorumlusunun eşi olduğu durumlarda çocuksuz çiftlere göre çocuklu ailelerde haftalık çalışma süresini negatif etkilediği ve çalışma süresinin 0,83 kat azalma olasılığı elde edilmiştir. Kadının hane halkı sorumlusu olduğu durumlarda ise, tek yetişkinli ailelere göre çocuklu ailelerde kadının çalışma süresini pozitif etkilemekte ve çalışma süresinin 2,99 kat daha fazla olma ihtimali tespit edilmiştir. Kadının hane halkı sorumlusunun eşi olduğu ve hane halkı sorumlusu olduğu durumlarda da 0-6 yaş arası bağımlı çocuk sahibi olmanın katsayısı %1 seviyesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuş ve kadının çalışma süresini negatif etkilediği görülmüştür. Kadının gerek hane sorumlusunun eşi, gerekse de hane sorumlusunun kendisi olduğu durumlarda, çalışma karşılığı gelir değişkeni kadının çalışma süresini pozitif etkilerken, çalışma dışı gelir değişkeninin ise negatif etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Meslekler ve toplam çalışma hayatı süresi değişkenlerinin katsayılarının ise birçok değişkende anlamlı çıktığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada incelenen veriler Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’ndan elde edilen tüm ülkeyi kapsayan veriler olduğu için çalışmanın bulguları önemli görülmedir. İncelenen literatür sonucunda Türkiye’de farklı aile yapılarının, kadınların çalışma süresine etkisini inceleyen herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamış olması da çalışmanın literatüre önemli katkı yapacağı yönündedir.
Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri, Neoliberalizm ve Çalışma Hayatı: Türkiye, OECD Ülkeleri ve Dünya Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Coşkun Serkan
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma, 2015 yılında Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından kabul edilen Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri (SKH) ile neoliberal politikalar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Odak noktası, "tam ve üretken istihdam ile insan onuruna uygun işlerin sağlanması" hedefidir. Araştırma, serbest piyasa güçlerinin ekonomik ve sosyal sorunları çözmedeki etkinliği inancının, bu hedefle olan uyumunu tartışmaya açmaktadır. İstihdamın iş güvencesi, sözleşmeler, ücretler, çalışma saatleri ve sendikal yapılarına dair makroekonomik analizler, neoliberal politikaların SKH'lerle çeliştiğini göstermektedir. Bu eksende, SKH'lerin mevcut politik yapıyla uyumlu olup olmadığı ve neoliberal politikaların sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşma üzerindeki etkisini tartışmaktadır. Veriler Dünya Bankası, ILO ve OECD'den alınmış, veri madenciliği yöntemleri kullanılarak Türkiye, OECD ülkeleri ve Dünya düzeyinde karşılaştırmalı analizler yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışma sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine, özellikle iş yaşamına ilişkin boyutlarında, neoliberal politikaların etkilerini değerlendirerek özdüşünümselliğimizi geliştirmeye katkıda bulunmaktadır.
Çanakkale’deki Rüzgâr Enerjisi Santrallerinin Kırsal Sürdürülebilirliğe Etkileri
Authors: Sağlam Nesibe Ayşe , Dalfidan Fazilet , Kızıltepe Betül
Published: May 2024

İklim değişikliğini azaltma politikaları bağlamında, Türkiye’de rüzgâr enerjisi gelişiminin kırsal topluluklar açısından sürdürülebilir olup olmadığı yerel ve ulusal politika gündeminin önemli konularından biri olmalıdır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, Çanakkale’deki Rüzgâr Enerjisi Santrallerinin (RES) yakınındaki kırsal toplulukların çevresel ve sosyal sürdürülebilirliğini nasıl etkilediğine odaklanmaktadır. Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik temiz enerji ve orman, biyo-çeşitlilik ve habitat üzerindeki etki; sosyal sürdürülebilirlik ise sosyal katılım, sosyal adalet ve eşitlik ve topluluğun yaşam kalitesi, yaşam alanları çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmanın verileri, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseninden yararlanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Çanakkale’deki RES şirket çalışanları ve kurulum alanlarındaki yerel aktörler oluşturmaktadır. Ocak-Mart 2023 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerde bölge halkı, yerel paydaşlar ve RES şirketleri için üç ayrı yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada bölge halkından 47, yerel paydaşlardan 7 ve RES şirket çalışanlarından 2 kişi olmak üzere toplamda 56 kişi (18 kadın, 38 erkek) ile görüşülerek veriler toplanmıştır. Veriler, MAXQDA programında temalara ayrılarak kodlanmış ve analiz edilmiştir.
Araştırma bulgularına göre, Çanakkale kırsalında RES’ler, temiz enerji oluşuyla çevreyle uyumlu ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sağlarken; ormansızlaşma, biyo-çeşitlilik ve habitat üzerinde baskı oluşturmasıyla çevresel sürdürülebilirliği tehdit etmektedir. RES’ler, kurulum aşamasındaki planlama sürecine bölge halkının sosyal katılımı (Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi-ÇED- ve alternatif mekanizmalar) ve köylerin ortak kullanım alanlarının iyileştirilmesi için (okul, yol, cami, altyapı hizmetleri vb.) yapılan sosyal destekler ile sosyal adalete, eşitliğe ve sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bununla birlikte RES’ler, kurulum alanlarıyla ilişkili olarak gürültü, sağlık ile ilgili endişeler gibi etkileriyle bölge halkının yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine ve arazi kullanımının değişmesiyle sosyal yaşam alanlarının (tarım, mera, piknik, gezinti, manzaralı yerlerin azalması vb.) kısmi olarak sınırlanmasına yol açarak sosyal sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde baskı oluşturmaktadır. Netice olarak Çanakkale kırsalında RES’lerin çevresel ve sosyal sürdürülebilirliğe hem katkı sağlayan hem baskı oluşturan iki yönlü bir karaktere sahip olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Risk stratification of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Ara Islam Ismat , Samarat Mohsin Hasan , Mahzabin Nishat , Jahan Nusrat , Akhlak-Ul-Islam M. , Shah M. Salahuddin , Poddar Sharup Chandra , Reza Kabir M. Maruf , Nasrin Papri , Rahman M. Aminur , Akhter Nasrin , Afroz Chowdhury Nowreen , Khan M. Rafiquzzaman
Published: May 2024

Background: Multiple Myeloma is a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells, associated with an M (monoclonal) protein in serum and/or urine and evidence of organ damage. Despite advances in treatment, the disease remains heterogeneous, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its risk stratification. Risk-adapted initial therapy, maintenance therapy, refractory disease management and prognosis varies according to risk group. The aim of our study is to categorize the newly diagnosed MM patients according to their risk groups.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Haematology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2019 to July 2020. A total of 31 newly diagnosed MM patients were enrolled based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk stratification was performed using ISS, R-ISS, mSMART criteria and Avets risk group categorization.
Result: The majority of the patients were male (64.52%) and aged between 55-64 years (45.16%). Clinical features predominantly included low back pain (74.19%) and general weakness (38.71%). Cytogenetic abnormalities were noted in 38.7% of the patients, with del (13q) being the most common (32.30%). Most patients were in ISS Stage III (70.97%) and R-ISS Stage II (48.39%). According to mSMART criteria, 80.65% were at standard risk while Avet's risk stratification identifies 58.06% were at intermediate risk.
Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of patients in advanced ISS stages and intermediate to high-risk categories, emphasizing the need for early and personalized intervention strategies.
Factors associated with the prevalence of diseases in the scalp: a prospective study in Mugdha Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Shahidul Hoq Abu Jafar M. , Salah Uddin Muhammad , Sultana Fahmida
Published: May 2024

Background: The scalp skin is distinct from other areas of the body due to its unique characteristics, including the density of hair follicles and the high rate of sebum production. So of creating a dark, warm, and moist environment and various types of diseases in the scalp are usually occur.
Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Dermatology in Mugdha Medical College and Hospital during January, 2023 to June, 2023. A total of 60 clinically diagnosed scalp diseases patients were enrolled in this study. The collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version-23.0. The ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Mugdha Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Results: A total of 60 clinically diagnosed scalp diseased OPD patients aged 1 to 60 years were enrolled in this study. Among the patients, 30 (50%) were male and 30 (50%) were female. According to multinomial logistic regression, the major factors contributed to exposing the diseases on scalp were age, sex, educational level, occupation, socio-economic condition, family history and behaviour (OR>1 or OR<1).
Conclusions: This study prevailed, Age, sex, behaviour, family history, occupation, education level, socio-economic condition, hygiene, associated systemic diseases, hair grooming are the factors associated with the prevalence of diseases on the scalp of humans.
Efficiency of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel of 0.15% in treatment of acute adenoviral keratconojunctivities
Authors: Nadir Fareya , Islam M. Robiul , Saifullah M. , Ashaduzzama Mohammad , Al Mamun Abdullah , Basak Niloy Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background: Adenoviral eye infection is contagious, self-limiting, causing symptoms like burning, pain, photophobia, and tearing. Diagnosis is clinical; existing treatments lack consistency. Ganciclovir, a selective and less toxic antiviral, shows promise for inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of topical 0.15% Ganciclovir gel in treating adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, focusing on symptom and sign improvement during the follow-up period.
Methods: A study at the National Institute of Ophthalmology and Hospital included 40 adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis patients diagnosed by cornea specialists. Symptoms were scored on a 0-3 scale during a 6-week follow-up. Patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (0.15% ganciclovir) or group 2 (artificial tear control). Data included history and ophthalmic exams. Statistical analyses used SPSS version 13.0 with p<0.05 significance, employing unpaired t-tests and chi-square tests.
Results: A study with 40 adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis patients assessed Ganciclovir 0.15% ophthalmic gel efficacy. No age difference between groups was observed. Most patients were male (82.5%), spanning different economic classes. Symptom variations included more foreign body sensation in group 1 and increased watering in group 2. Group 1 exhibited faster symptom improvement over 6 weeks, while group 2 had a slower decline. Both groups experienced complications, but group 1 showed faster recovery, suggesting Ganciclovir's potential efficacy in treating adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.
Conclusions: In summary, the study confirms the effectiveness of 0.15% Ganciclovir gel in treating acute adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, showing statistically significant and rapid improvement in signs and symptoms.
Relation of radial artery occlusion after trans-radial percutaneous coronary intervention with the duration of hemostatic compression
Authors: Rahman Atikur , Mahmud Khan A. K. S. Zahid , Shahriar M. Safiq , Karimul Islam Dewan Mohammad , Majumder Mizanur Rahman , Masum Mahmudul Hasan , Hamid Abdul , Wahiduzzaman M.
Published: May 2024

Background: Trans-radial percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in cardiac procedures accesses coronary arteries through the wrist's radial artery. Post-PCI, hemostatic compression on the radial artery prevents bleeding and aids healing. Radial artery occlusion (RAO), a possible complication, involves blockage of the radial artery. This study aimed to assess the relationship between radial artery occlusion after trans-radial percutaneous coronary intervention with the duration of hemostatic compression.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh, spanning from September 2018 to August 2019. The study enrolled 140 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through the trans-radial approach (TRA), randomly assigned to two groups: Group I (2-hour hemostatic compression after PCI) and Group II (6-hour hemostatic compression post-procedure). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0.
Results: In this study, early radial artery occlusion was observed in 4.3% of patients in group I and 12.8% in group II (P=0.04), while late radial artery occlusion occurred in 2.8% of patients in group I and 11.4% in group II, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a 6-hour hemostatic compression duration (P=0.01), post-procedural nitroglycerine use (P=0.03), and procedure time (P=0.03) as predictors of radial artery occlusion.
Conclusions: Reduced hemostatic compression duration is linked to a decreased occurrence of both early and late radial artery occlusion following trans-radial intervention.
Flipped classroom teaching as a tool to enhance self-directed learning among first MBBS students
Authors: Jawalekar Seema , Gupta Garima , Kumawat Priyanka
Published: May 2024

Background: Medical education shifts from a teacher-centered to a student-centered which fosters self-directed learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, especially in the scenario of a large classroom. Flipped classroom is a blended learning to increases student engagement with content, improves faculty contact time with students, and enhances learning. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the flipped classroom method and didactic lecture on students’ performance and to obtain students’ and teachers’ perceptions in teaching-learning biochemistry.
Methods: All participant students were randomly divided into two groups and subjected to the FC method and TDC method in module A and a crossover of groups was done in module B. Both groups were subjected to pre and post-tests after intervention in modules. Feedback was obtained from students and teachers on both learning methods.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) after applying independent t-test in pre and post-test scores and module completion test in both learning methods. About 91% of participants were satisfied with using a flipped classroom and found it more enjoyable, creates interest in the subject, whereas faculties’ feedback shows it requires more efforts and time.
Conclusions: Considering responses and results of the assessment, it can be concluded that the FC approach, effectively engage students in the learning process, inculcation the attributes to develop self-directed and lifelong learning skills. Also improved the students’ performance and perceptions of the learning experience. Most of the students indicate that this approach is worth to use in future.
Efficacy of Ayurved based therapy on global longitudinal strain in ischemic heart disease: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Sane Rohit , Ghadigaonkar Pravin , Shelke Gaurav , Singh Raghvendra Pratap , Kulthe Nilesh
Published: May 2024

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the Ischemia Reversal program (IRP) as an Ayurveda based therapy to standard anti-ischemic therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).
Methods: A retrospective, single centre, observational study was conducted from January 2022 to May 2023. A total of 39 patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease and global longitudinal strain (GLS) <15, regardless of underlying co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, low ejection fraction, history of myocardial infarction were included in this study. The primary endpoint was improvement in GLS from baseline to the 90-day follow-up in various different categories. Secondary endpoints were improvement in EF, abdominal girth, weight and reduction in dependency on allopathic medication from baseline to the 90-day follow-up.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 59.23±9.01 years. Weight (day 1: 67.29±13.16 kg and day 90: 61.39±11.11 kg; p=0.00), body mass index (day 1: 25.75±4.03 and day 90: 23.79±3.50; p=0.00), abdominal girth (day 1: 95.31±10.75 cm and day 90: 85.67±17.02 cm p=0.00), EF (day 1: 40.74±10.30% and day 90: 53.91±11.87%; p=0.00), and GLS (day 1: -10.99±2.72 and day 90: -13.17±3.75; p=0.00) improved at the 90 day follow-up.
Conclusions: The study showed notable improvements in weight, body mass index, abdominal girth, EF, and GLS after 90 days. These results suggest that IRP is beneficial treatment for IHD, but more extensive research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
A comparative study of single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus four port laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Raina Saurabh , Gulshan Javaid Iqbal , Bhasin Sanjay Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background: Since Langenbuch's pioneering open cholecystectomy in 1882, surgical approaches to gall bladder diseases have seen continual evolution. Laparoscopic surgery has emerged as the preferred method for treating benign gall bladder conditions, offering benefits like decreased postoperative discomfort and enhanced cosmetic outcomes. Variations to the traditional four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been developed to further refine the procedure.
Methods: A comparative randomized study was carried out at the Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College and Hospital Jammu, spanning from November 1, 2018, to October 31, 2019. Thirty eligible patients were recruited, with 15 assigned to undergo single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC - Group A) and 15 assigned to undergo four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Group B).
Results: The study comprised patients aged between 20 and 60 years, with mean ages of 41.9 years for Group A and 40.3 years for Group B. Substantial variances were noted between the two groups concerning surgery duration, conversion rates, postoperative pain scores, and hospital stay.
Conclusions: Based on our findings, single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) cannot be deemed a standard operative procedure, mainly due to its cost implications and the necessity for specialized instruments. At present, SILC does not serve as a substitute for four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Continued research and advancements are warranted to solidify SILC as a feasible alternative.
Role of ultrasonography in evaluation of right iliac fossa mass compared to CT scan
Authors: Roy Ayantika , Mallik Rikta , Mandal Amit , Nandy Debabrata , Mandal Sumanta Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background: With the demonstration of origin and nature of RIF mass by high-resolution ultrasound and multidetector CT scan, the patients presenting with clinically palpable mass in RIF need not to undergo time consuming, uncomfortable and unpalatable barium study. The objective is to evaluate the diagnostic precision of CT and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of right iliac fossa masses and to assess the effectiveness of USG in diagnosing various right iliac fossa masses in comparison with CT scan in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy.
Methods: The study was conducted on 35 patients presenting with right iliac fossa mass who were stable enough to undergo USG followed by CT scan. The time gap between these studies had kept to minimum to make the studies comparable. USG and CT scan was performed by 2 expert radiologists, who had been blinded of each other findings.
Results: More than 50% cases were related to appendicular pathology. Ultrasound abdomen had a sensitivity and specificity of 88.9% and 94.11% in diagnosis of appendicular mass, 71.42% and 96.42% in diagnosis of appendicular abscess, 66.7% and 96.6% in diagnosis of ileo-caecal tuberculosis, 50% and 100% in diagnosis of carcinoma caecum respectively as compared to CT scan.
Conclusions: USG is the most easily available bed side investigation and excellent screening test for RIF mass. However, CECT whole abdomen remains the gold standard investigation for etiological diagnosis of RIF mass.
Neurodevelopmental disorder associated with NARS1 gene mutation in a child with cerebral palsy
Authors: Nonkulovski Danilo , Sulejmani Haris , Memeti Shaban
Published: May 2024

Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of chronic motor disability in children. CP has a multitude of causes, including developmental, genetic, metabolic, ischemic, infectious, and acquired, all of which result in comparable neurologic symptoms. As of right now, the cause of CP remains unclear. Research has found a substantial link between low birth weight, birth hypoxia, and poor fetal position and placenta. When diagnosing children with cerebral palsy and determining its cause, brain imaging is crucial. The final diagnosis should consider many factors, including physiological, topographic, ICF/functional, and neuroradiological categorization, origin, time of injury, concomitant disorders, sequelae, and nutritional status. This assists with planning, management, counseling, progress tracking, and prognosis. We present a case of a 5-year-old child with cerebral palsy who has a complicated clinical presentation including delayed psychomotor development, dysmorphia, and a verified pathogenic variation in the NARS1 gene linked to a neurodevelopmental condition. The child has been receiving frequent monitoring and multimodal therapies, such as physical therapy, defectologist sessions, and omega fatty acid supplements. Genetic testing found a pathogenic variant in the NARS1 gene, emphasizing the significance of genetic screening for parents to prevent recurrence in future pregnancies. Collaboration with special education instructors and speech therapists remains active to meet the child's communicative and cognitive requirements.
A case report on choledochoduodenal fistula: how to suspect this unusual entity?
Authors: Sánchez Omar Sosa , Perez Yoselin Julisa Sarabia , Barrientos Cheryl Zilahy Diaz , Montano Monica Heredia , Ramos Monserrat Ashanti Vela , Ponce Mildred Philippe
Published: May 2024

A choledochoduodenal fistula is an abnormal connection between the common bile duct and the duodenum, which are associated with a history of problems in the common bile duct. It has appeared in 0.74% of patients submitted for biliary tract surgery. The most frequent symptoms of non-obstructive enteric biliary fistulas are: epigastric pain, cholangitis (80.91%), jaundice (54,.26%), fever (50.69%), nausea and/or vomiting (10.30%), abdominal distension (0.39%), asymptomatic (0.11%), and diarrhea (0.11%). Diagnostic imaging methods provide the data of greatest interest in revealing the presence of air in the bile duct. This method, as well as barium reflux under the biliary tree in contrasted studies and in ERCP, reveal the fistulous tract and its location. Neither the prevalence, nor the clinical characteristics that pertain to its presentation, are well known among our population. Possible treatments for this illness include conservative treatment with medication, endoscopic sphincterotomy, and surgical therapy.
CT findings of a patient with Hay-Wells syndrome: a case report
Authors: Torres Jorge Ariel Montero , Escobar Bruno Flores , García Francisco Jair Juárez
Published: May 2024

Hay-Wells syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a heterozygous mutation in the TP63 gene that affects the development of ectodermal derivatives. While the exact prevalence of hearing loss in this condition is not well established, it has been suggested that approximately 50% of patients may present with varying degrees of hearing impairment. Here we present a case of a 6-year-old female patient diagnosed with Hay-Wells syndrome since birth who has been developing hearing loss predominantly on the right side for the past year. Considering the embryological origin of the external ear, an associated abnormality with the syndrome cannot be disregarded. Early recognition and diagnosis of this syndrome are crucial for appropriate management and potential interventions for hearing loss. Utilizing imaging methods can aid in demonstrating the characteristic alterations of the syndrome, which is important given its low incidence in the general population. This case report emphasizes the significance of prompt diagnosis, which is critical for implementing genetic counseling and effective disease prevention measures. We should be well-versed in the characteristic imaging findings that aid in early identification and genetic diagnosis of the disorder.
Anal mucosal melanoma presenting as per rectal bleed: a case report
Authors: Bhosale Aditya M. , Shrotriya Siddhant , Naik Suresh , Kulkarni Bahar
Published: May 2024

Anorectal mucosal melanoma is a rare, malignant and aggressive tumor that usually presents late. It primarily arises from the melanocytes but can also arise from the mucosal surface. It also carries poor survival rates. Early diagnosis of the disease and prompt treatment is necessary. Overall 5-year survival rate for anal melanoma is below 10%. We present a case of a 77 years old male patient who presented with chief complaints of per rectal bleeding and decreased appetite. Patient’s symptoms were initially confused for benign conditions like hemorrhoids. He was diagnosed with anal mucosal melanoma on per rectal biopsy. Patient’s radiological investigations including PET scan and MRCP were suggestive of liver and lung metastasis. In view of the advanced stage of the disease, the decision was taken to treat the patient conservatively. He was started on imatinib therapy and a regular follow up was kept and palliative care was provided.
Habit nail tic disorder: onychotillomania involving thumbs and toes responding to fluoxetine
Authors: Bose Akash , Maji Taniya , Datta Subhendu , Mallik Nitu , Bandyopadhyay Gautam Kumar
Published: May 2024

Habit nail tic disorder is a type of nail dystrophy caused by repetitive trauma to the nail matrix. It is a body-focused repetitive behavior that is commonly reported among adults and may or may not be associated with obsessive-compulsive behavior. In this report, we present a case of a 12-year-old adolescent girl who had a central furrow with longitudinal ridges running parallel from the proximal to the distal end of both her thumbnails and toenails, giving them a "washboard" appearance and diagnosed as habit nail tic disorder, and treatment involved fluoxetine 20 mg and the application of permeable adhesive tape to protect the nails from external trauma. There was a positive response observed two months after the beginning of the treatment and the nail matrix resolved spontaneously.
Conservative management of traumatic brachial plexus injury: a case report
Authors: Mishra Simran A. , Gaikwad Stuti N. , Ganvir Suvarna S.
Published: May 2024

Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is one of the devastating conditions for patients, which has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. It renders patients with an inability to achieve functional independence. With advancements in surgeries and rehabilitation, improvement in these domains is possible. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a 28-year-old male patient. Being a driver by occupation and the only earning member in the family, upper limb function was essential for functional independence and resume work. After examination, problems were identified, goals were set, and intervention was planned. The patient took 2 months of inpatient rehabilitation six days a week. After completion of treatment, the patient was independent in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. The study concludes that structured, evidence-based physiotherapy treatment is effective in achieving functional independence and reducing disability in patients with traumatic BPI.
The pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Sariningsih Suryanita
Published: May 2024

Retinitis Pigmentosa is a prevalent hereditary retinopathy that involves the gradual deterioration of vision cells and the disturbance of retinal pigment epithelium. The typical triad of retinitis pigmentosa is the pigmentation of the bone spicules, blood vessel constriction, and pallor of the optic nerve. The variety of clinical presentations is nyctalopia, tunnel vision, loss of colour discrimination, and in a later stage, complete loss of visual acuity. The immense genetic mutation accounts for the pathogenesis of RP. This diverse mutation makes treatment exceptionally challenging for RP. Until now, there is no specific therapy recommended for RP. Gene therapy is possibly the best option for RP, but further clinical trials are needed to provide customized therapy for each patient. Various therapeutic trials use pharmacologic agents such as neurotrophic, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-VEGF also use to postpone the progressivities of RP.
A short responsive interaction scale: construction and preliminary reliability and validity
Authors: Bhamani Shelina , Merchant Aliya , Nadeem Sanober , Imran Aliza , Aslam Kiran , Attaullah Anita , Syed Areeba , Sheikh Sara , Shams Misbah
Published: May 2024

Background: Responsive interactions among caregivers and newborns are essential for positive and optimal growth and development. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop and validate a short responsive interaction tool (SRIS) to assess caregiver responsiveness of newly delivered mothers.
Methods: The SRIS consists of twenty elements that are used to classify new-born handling, interactions, consoling techniques, engagement, and distress. High reliability and internal consistency were shown in the data gathered from 257 mothers (Cronbach's alpha=0.8354). The scale's one-dimensional structure was discovered through construct validity analysis, demonstrating the consistency of the scale's evaluation of response interactions.
Results: The results indicate that the valid and reliable instrument for gauging the responsiveness of caregivers during their initial contact with neonates. It provides a useful and approachable method with possible uses in healthcare settings and research for evidence-based parenting interventions.
Conclusions: To improve the tool's generalizability and usefulness in fostering early childhood development and parental engagement, further research is necessary to validate it across a variety of contexts.
Comparison of metformin and repaglinide monotherapy in the management of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2: a prospective study
Authors: Rahim Nouman , Munir Ahad , Rehman Qavi Ur , Durrani Hassan Ali , Wahab Abdul , Khalid Ahmed , Muneer Fahad , Irshad Sumbal , Khan Tayyab Mumtaz , Akram Jehanzeb
Published: May 2024

Background: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2), which is characterized by the raised blood sugar level due to insulin resistance in body cells, has now become global epidemic. This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of metformin and repaglinide monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed DMT2.
Methods: This randomized comparative prospective study was performed in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. 108 Patients’ enrollment was made via simple random sampling technique and a developed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into metformin and repaglinide groups via lottery method. Self-designed proforma was applied for data collection. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 25.0.
Results: There was no significant difference in the means of pretreatment (p=0.08) and posttreatment (p=0.10) fasting blood sugar levels between two groups, while significant differences between the means of pretreatment and posttreatment fasting blood sugar levels within metformin group (p=0.02) and repaglinide group (p=0.01) were noted. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the means of pretreatment (p=0.07) HbA1C levels of two groups; however, significant difference was observed in the means of posttreatment (p=0.04) HbA1C of two groups. Moreover, significant differences were also seen between the means of pretreatment and posttreatment HbA1C levels in both metformin group (p=0.03) and repaglinide group (p=0.01).
Conclusions: This study suggests that although both metformin and repaglinide are effective in the new-onset T2DM managementz; however, reduction in fasting blood sugar level and HbA1c was more in repaglinide group.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene factors associated with nutrition status among children under five years in Ewaso Narok Wetland, Laikipia County, Kenya
Authors: Kiilu Colleta M. , P. Oyore John , Mwanzo Isaac J. M.
Published: May 2024

Background: Wetlands are known to harbor disease-causing bacteria, posing health risks that can be mitigated through improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices. This study aimed to understand the factors affecting nutritional status and its connection to WASH-related diseases among children under five in Ewaso Narok Wetland, Laikipia County.
Methods: Using a mixed-method approach, qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Simple random method was used to identify the respondents.
Results: Findings revealed that 36% of households surveyed had children with nutritional edema, with mean age, weight, and height at 21 months, 11 kilograms, and 73 centimeters respectively. Using WHO standards, a significant proportion of children were found to be undernourished at 45.3% and stunted at 41.3%. Socio-demographic factors like caregiver education level and marital status were identified as influential on the nutrition status. While 51% of households had unimproved water sources, 86% had access to toilet facilities, predominantly traditional pit latrines. 67% of the respondents were located near a wetland with a proximity ranging from 1km to 5km. Disease prevalence among children included diarrhea (46%), typhoid-related fevers (22%), and malaria (12%), with edema significantly associated with WASH diseases.
Conclusions: Factors such as feces disposal, wetland proximity, protective gear use, handwashing, and toilet facilities were linked to child nutrition. Recommendations include implementing WASH programs, improving water and sanitation access, promoting hygiene practices, ensuring safe feces disposal, using protective gear in wetlands, and advocating for improved toilet facilities. Further research is warranted to assess intervention effectiveness and explore additional influencing factors.
Assessment of quality of life in patients with female pattern hair loss in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Fatma Karshi H. , Rambhia Kinjal D. , Kinge Kirti , Rambhia Disha
Published: May 2024

Background: Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common cause of hair loss in women. Although it is a mild dermatological disorder, psychologists and dermatologists have observed that even clinically imperceptible hair loss is capable of damaging the quality of life (QoL) of patients due to the loss of self-image and diminished self-esteem.
Methods: After obtaining consent from patients 66 females filling in inclusion criteria were selected for study. Data was collected from OPD case papers once and a fifteen-minute interview regarding the illness and symptoms was conducted as per the questionnaires (Hairdex, VAS, DLQI) to evaluate the QoL.
Results: The QoL subscales results showed the younger age group (≤30 years) was more affected in all Hairdex subscales. They fared significantly poorly with higher scores than older patients (>30 years) as far as symptom score and stigmatization were concerned (p<0.05). Even DLQI scores was highest in patients less than 20 years of age. Mean dermatology life quality index (DQLI) score of younger subjects was significantly higher than older subjects (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Our study showed that there is statistically significant decrease in QoL in patients with FPHL more so in younger patients. Younger patients seem to be more stigmatized, have poor functioning and emotional stability.