bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Organic Manures and Humic Acid on Nutrient Dynamics and Crop Performance in Pearl Millet–Chickpea Cropping System
Authors: Chauhan Ankitkumar , Patel N. I. , Chaudhary Kinjal H. , Patel Swati H.
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, C. P. College of Agriculture, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar to study the effect of organics and humic acid on kharif pearlmillet and their residual effect on succeeding chickpea during kharif- 2022 to 2023 and rabi 2022-23 to 2023-24. The soil of the experimental plot was loamy sand in texture, alkaline in reaction, normal in salinity, low in organic carbon, available N, medium in available P2O5 and K2O and low DTPA- extractable Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. The treatments were applied in kharif pearlmillet crop and their residual effect was studied in succeeding chickpea crop.
Residual effect of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 recorded significantly increased nutrients content viz., N (), P, K, Fe in seed and stover and nutrients uptake viz., N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu by seed and stover were significantly increased due to the residual effect of FYM @ 10 t ha-1. Pooled results also revealed that residual effect of soil application of humic acid @ 30 kg ha-1 significantly increased nutrient uptake viz., N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu by seed and stover.
The Impact of Camber Variation on NACA 2412 Airfoil Efficiency and Its Implications for Adaptive Engineering Solutions
Authors: Khanna Amit , Khanna Ananya , Khanna Arshiya , Seth Garima , Giri Piyush , Giri Aditi
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the effects of varying the camber on the aerodynamic efficiency of the NACA 2412 airfoil by analyzing the Lift-to-Drag (L/D) ratio. Using wind tunnel tests at a constant speed of 95 MPH, data was collected for different camber configurations, and L/D ratios were computed for each trial. The NACA 2412 airfoil camber was modified to increase the camber by 20%, decrease it by 20%, and decrease surface area by 20%. These were all tested at Angle of Attack values from 0 to 30 in 5-degree increments. The results revealed a strong correlation between camber variation and aerodynamic efficiency, with certain camber settings significantly enhancing performance at specific Angles of Attack. While the original NACA 2412 served as a control, modifications such as reduced camber and surface area demonstrated significant efficiency changes, underscoring the role of camber in optimizing performance. The study provides valuable insights for optimizing airfoil design, offering practical applications in aircraft engineering, particularly in the development of systems that can adapt wing geometry dynamically to optimize performance. However, limitations such as fixed airspeed and limited camber variations were noted, highlighting the need for further investigation into more diverse conditions. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of how engineering solutions can enhance aircraft performance by incorporating adaptable design elements.
Multi-Task Simultaneous Supervision
Authors: Rizka Afifah , Sukoyo Sukoyo , Akbar Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on developing a Multi-Task Simultaneous Supervision Dual Resource-Constrained Scheduling (MTSSDRC) system that considers differences in skill between operators, aiming to minimize makespan and balance operator workload. Workload balance is calculated using the Workload Smoothness Index (WSI). The mathematical model developed uses three techniques: Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP), Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP), and Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Programming (MIQCP). These techniques can handle scheduling cases on a small to medium scale. Results from MILP focus on minimizing makespan, with an additional constraint for calculating the WSI. MIQP focuses on workload balance so that the WSI value becomes an objective function. It also adds a constraint for the allowable makespan value. The result from MIQP shows that the WSI value is lower than in MILP, and the makespan values are equal to the MILP makespan value. Next, MIQCP aims to minimize makespan with a constraint for the allowable WSI value. The MIQCP model produces a makespan value adjusted to a WSI value close to zero. Finally, further analysis is presented regarding the influence of differences in operator skills based on the results of the three models. Based on these models, operators with better skills will be assigned more frequently than others.
Design for Manufacturing and Assembly Optimization of Home-Scale Biodigester-Composter Using VDI 2222 and Finite Element Analysis Methods
Authors: Wijaya Dewa Kusuma , Suprijono Herwin , Santoso Heru Agus , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Muchti Muhammad Agusdika Ridho
Published: December 2024

This research focused on the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) optimization of home-scale biodigester-composter machines. The aims to determine feasibility from technical-economic aspects. The technique was to design the machine's mechanical process, physical, and constituent components. There are two methods conducted on this research, VDI 2222 to optimize and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to assess the optimal quality results of the machine design based on simulation analysis. This research ended with making a physical prototype of a home-scale biodigester-composter machine using the optimal design, then validating it with a working test of the machine. The results of the VDI 2222 method show an optimal design concept through the structure of the working mechanism. All its constituent components match with the ten target specifications and the machine manufacturing cost of IDR 2,393,000, as well as the assembly chart design for each constituent component. These results are also evaluated using the FEA method. The resistance value of the frame system to maximum Von Mises Stress is obtained at 128.75 MPa with a minimum value of 6.93e-04 MPa. It is concluded to be acceptable at withstanding normal and shear stresses effectively with a relatively small displacement value of 0 to 0.47 mm. The equivalent strain value results are 3.89e-09 ul to 5.83e-04 ul and safety factor value results are 1.93 to 15 ul. It can be concluded that the frame system design concept is safe.
Risk Mitigation of Air Knocker Using Fuzzy FMEA-AHP
Authors: Panudju Andreas Tri , Sitorus Helena , Marfuah Umi , Sudarwati Wiwik , Nurhasanah Nunung
Published: December 2024

This research is driven by the necessity for effective and high-quality maintenance systems capable of fulfilling rigorous equipment maintenance standards. The purpose of this study was to identify potential failures in an air knocker, evaluate the risk of failure through the Fuzzy FMEA approach, and optimize decision-making using the AHP method. This study was based on theories related to maintenance, Fuzzy FMEA, and AHP. The research methodologies employed comprised a literature review, data analysis, and the application of Expert Choice software to compute weights and ratings according to pertinent criteria. The results showed that the integration of Fuzzy FMEA and AHP methods was effective in identifying potential failures, evaluating risks more accurately, and prioritizing optimal corrective actions in the maintenance system. This study suggests that the integration of Fuzzy FMEA and AHP methods can improve risk management and decision-making in maintenance systems. This strategy assists organizations in mitigating the risk of failure, enhancing efficiency, and more effectively addressing process requirements. This methodology enables a more comprehensive examination of risk variables and the efficient management of uncertainties, as well as the decision-making process for assessing the risks associated with air knocker operations.
The lysosomal membrane protein LAMP‐2 is dispensable for PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Liao Xinyi , Rao Xiyun , Wang Bin , Zhang Jun , Xu Ge , Jiang Xuejun , Qin Xia , Chen Chengzhi , Zou Zhen
Published: November 2019

Selective autophagy for the elimination of aberrant mitochondria, termed mitophagy, can be regulated by the kinase PINK1 and the ubiquitin ligase Parkin. The lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP‐2) plays diverse functions in non‐selective autophagy, chaperone‐mediated autophagy and selective autophagy for the degradation of RNA/DNA. In the present study, we investigated whether LAMP‐2 plays important roles during PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy. The results obtained clearly show that knockdown of LAMP‐2 does not cause defects in mitophagy in HeLa cells stably expressing Parkin, indicating that LAMP‐2 is dispensable for PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy. The present study is the first to determine the potential role of LAMP‐2 in PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, thereby providing more insight into the sophisticated process of mitophagy.
Flexible Pressure Sensors for Objective Assessment of Motor Disorders
Authors: Amit Moran , Chukoskie Leanne , Skalsky Andrew J. , Garudadri Harinath , Ng Tse Nga
Published: November 2019

Monitoring body motion is relevant to motor control disorders as well as assessment of fine motor skills in child development. Furthermore, motion tracking is necessary for rehabilitation monitoring and injury prevention and benefits both sick and healthy individuals. Flexible pressure sensors based on resistors, capacitors, inductors, or transistors are reviewed in the context of healthcare measurements, ranging from physiological signals to body movement characteristics such as grip and gait. To demonstrate the use of flexible pressure sensors for motor assessment, a touch sensing glove that evaluates fine motor skills in autism research is developed. The results show that autistic children perform fewer taps per minute compared to typically developing children, with larger variations in tap durations. In a second example, a force and motion sensing glove is developed to assess spasticity, a neuromuscular disorder that causes muscle stiffness/resistance and jerky movement. Analyses of force versus velocity show movement‐dependent muscle resistance in a patient with spasticity. Through these flexible sensor systems, the shift from subjective scores to objective measurement will promote better diagnosis and dramatically improve the accuracy in tracking patient response to therapy.
Bisphosphonate‐Functionalized Scaffolds for Enhanced Bone Regeneration
Authors: Cui Yutao , Zhu Tongtong , Li Di , Li Zuhao , Leng Yi , Ji Xuan , Liu He , Wu Dankai , Ding Jianxun
Published: November 2019

The local sustained release of bioactive substances are attracting increasing attention in bone tissue engineering, which is beneficial to bone tissue formation and helps to improve the bone ingrowth ability of a scaffold. Bisphosphonates (BPs), as a representative kind of osteoclast inhibitors, are proven to possess excellent osteogenic induction capability. Accordingly, various physical and chemical strategies are developed to functionalize bone tissue scaffolds with BPs to achieve controlled release profiles. Compared with traditional treatment modalities, local release of BPs from these composite scaffolds will contribute to continuous bone integration without the risk of many complications. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of BPs on bone metabolism and analyzes the appropriate concentrations of BPs that promote bone regeneration. The advanced BP loading strategies, implant modification technologies, and BP‐loaded composite scaffolds based on different matrices are summarized. Finally, the latest advances and the future development of BP‐modified scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration are discussed. This article provides leading‐edge design strategies of the BP‐functionalized bone engineering scaffolds for improved bone repairability.
Terahertz Emission Functionality of High‐Temperature Superconductors and Similar Complex Systems
Authors: Rana Dhanvir Singh , Tonouchi Masayoshi
Published: November 2019

During the past two decades, terahertz (THz) science and technology have rapidly expanded in all fundamental and applied aspects of physical, chemical, and biological sciences. In physical sciences, these developments have been twofolds: i) the use of THz technology in understanding the complexities of materials and ii) the exploration of new THz functionalities of emerging materials for further advancement of THz technology. Here, the THz emission spectroscopy and the ultrafast functionality of three pillars of electronic and magnetic condensed matter systems that emerged in the following order: high‐temperature superconductors, colossal magnetoresistive manganites, and magnetoelectric multiferroics are reviewed. Emission functionality refers to the emitted THz radiation that carries the information of the underlying functional property of the material such that the overall effect evolves as the THz decoding of the information in a noninvasive manner and on an ultrafast timescale.
Revealing the Intrinsic Electronic Structure of 3D Half‐Heusler Thermoelectric Materials by Angle‐Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
Authors: Fu Chenguang , Yao Mengyu , Chen Xi , Maulana Lucky Zaehir , Li Xin , Yang Jiong , Imasato Kazuki , Zhu Fengfeng , Li Guowei , Auffermann Gudrun , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schnelle Walter , Zhou Jianshi , Zhu Tiejun , Zhao Xinbing , Shi Ming , Dressel Martin , Pronin Artem V. , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Felser Claudia
Published: November 2019

Accurate determination of the intrinsic electronic structure of thermoelectric materials is a prerequisite for utilizing an electronic band engineering strategy to improve their thermoelectric performance. Herein, with high‐resolution angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), the intrinsic electronic structure of the 3D half‐Heusler thermoelectric material ZrNiSn is revealed. An unexpectedly large intrinsic bandgap is directly observed by ARPES and is further confirmed by electrical and optical measurements and first‐principles calculations. Moreover, a large anisotropic conduction band with an anisotropic factor of 6 is identified by ARPES and attributed to be one of the most important reasons leading to the high thermoelectric performance of ZrNiSn. These successful findings rely on the grown high‐quality single crystals, which have fewer Ni interstitial defects and negligible in‐gap states on the electronic structure. This work demonstrates a realistic paradigm to investigate the electronic structure of 3D solid materials by using ARPES and provides new insights into the intrinsic electronic structure of the half‐Heusler system benefiting further optimization of thermoelectric performance.
Tailoring electronic properties and kinetics behaviors of Pd/N‐CNTs catalysts for selective hydrogenation of acetylene
Authors: Cao Yueqiang , Fu Wenzhao , Ren Zhouhong , Sui Zhijun , Zhou Jinghong , Luo Jun , Duan Xuezhi , Zhou Xinggui
Published: November 2019

Pd catalyzed selective hydrogenation of acetylene shows remarkable electronic effects. In this work, a strategy is proposed to tailor the electronic properties of Pd nanoparticles by nitrogen doping of carbon nanotubes (CNT) support toward the improved reaction kinetics. While excluding the Pd size effects, the intrinsic promotional effects of the nitrogen doping are demonstrated, which are mainly due to the increased Pd electron density resultant from the presence of more graphitic nitrogen species based on X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Kinetics analysis and C2H2/C2H4‐temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) measurements reveal that the electron‐rich Pd catalyst with the moderately weakened adsorption strength can give rise to the decreased activation energy and thus the simultaneously enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability. The aspects demonstrated here could guide the rational design and optimization of Pd catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene.
Efficient adsorptive separation of propene over propane through a pillar‐layer cobalt‐based metal–organic framework
Authors: Wu Houxiao , Yuan Yinuo , Chen Yongwei , Xu Feng , Lv Daofei , Wu Ying , Li Zhong , Xia Qibin
Published: November 2019

The purification of propene from the propene/propane binary mixture is one of the most important and challenging separation processes in the chemical industry. In this study, a cobalt‐based pillar‐layer metal–organic framework, Co(AIP)(BPY)0.5, was synthesized. It exhibited excellent water and moisture stability and efficient C3H6/C3H8 separation performance. At 298 K and 100 kPa, the adsorption capacity of C3H6 was 1.99 mmol/g and the IAST adsorption selectivity was 21, which has exceeded most investigated MOFs adsorbents. The cyclic breakthrough experiments of C3H6/C3H8 binary mixture confirmed its efficient dynamic separation property and excellent recyclability. The molecular simulation showed that the C3H8 molecules with multiple binding sites (C─H) were restricted at the middle of the one‐dimensional channel. Compared with C3H6, the large steric hindrance of C3H8 caused lower diffusion rate (with a C3H6/C3H8 kinetic selectivity of 29.7, at 303 K) in the narrow pore system of 1, which has been confirmed by the kinetic adsorption experiments.
Clinical outcomes of multiple myeloma patients who undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant with G‐CSF or G‐CSF and plerixafor mobilized grafts
Authors: Shah Harsh , Kim Seongho , Singh Paramveer , Alavi Asif , Ratanatharathorn Voravit , Ayash Lois , Uberti Joseph , Deol Abhinav
Published: November 2019

Impact of Plerixafor (P) mobilized stem cells on immune reconstitution, such as absolute lymphocyte count at day 30 (ALC30), and on long‐term outcomes of Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has not been well established. We evaluated total of 469 patients mobilized with G‐CSF (G) alone, and 141 patients mobilized with G‐CSF plus plerixafor (G+ P). Patients only received plerixafor if they had peripheral blood CD34+  blood count <20/μL on first planned day of collection. Primary endpoint, ALC30, was 1.3 K/μL (range, 0.1‐4.5) and 1.2 K/μL (range, 0.1‐5.1) for G and G + P, respectively (P =. 61). The median PFS was 2.5 years (95% CI, 2.1‐3.2) and 2.8 years (95% CI, 2.0‐3.3) for G and G + P, respectively (HR: 1.13; 95% CI, 0.84‐1.50; P = .42). The median OS was 6.1 years (95% CI, 4.6‐NR) for G group compared to 3.7 years (95% CI, 3.2‐NR) for the G + P group (HR: 1.64; 95% CI, 1.12‐2.40; P = .01). The median follow‐up time for OS was 2.53 years (95% CI, 2.13‐2.99) and 1.59 years (95% CI, 1.17‐2.02) for G and G+ P group, respectively. In this large retrospective analysis of MM patients mobilized with G‐CSF vs G‐CSF + P, there was no significant difference in lymphocyte recovery or PFS. There was an overall survival difference in patients who were poor mobilizers and could not be mobilized with G‐CSF alone.
Myokine levels after resistance exercise in young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS)
Authors: Hirsch Harry J. , Gross‐Tsur Varda , Sabag Yanir , Nice Shachar , Genstil Larry , Benarroch Fortu , Constantini Naama
Published: November 2019

Individuals with PWS require marked caloric restriction and daily exercise to prevent morbid obesity. Lower energy expenditure, hypotonia, decreased muscle mass, and cognitive impairment make exercise challenging for this population. Exercise guidelines include resistance training as an important component. Myokine responses to resistance exercise may mediate beneficial metabolic effects. We aimed to determine if young PWS adults can perform a resistance exercise program and to measure myokine responses in PWS versus age‐ and BMI‐matched controls. Each group included 11 participants (7M/4F). Ages and BMI for PWS and controls were 30.7 ± 4.6 versus 30.1 ± 4.3 years and 28.3 ± 4.3 versus 28.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively. Glucose, creatine kinase (CK), lactate, and myokines were measured before, after, 30, and 60 min after completing eight resistance exercises. Myokines were assayed using a multiplex myokine panel (Merck Millipore). CK was lower in PWS versus controls (62 ± 16 vs.322 ± 100 U/L, p < .04). Peak lactate was 3.7 ± 0.7 in PWS versus 7.3 ± 0.7 mmol/Lin controls (p < .001). The increase in interleukin‐6 was similar in PWS and controls (41 ± 16% and 35 ± 10%, respectively). Pre‐ and post‐exercise levels of the six myokines assayed showed no consistent differences between the PWS and control participants. PWS young adults are capable of performing resistance/strength‐building exercise. The lower CK and peak lactate levels in PWS may reflect decreased muscle mass in this population. Further studies are needed to determine optimal exercise regimens and assess the role of myokines incontributing to the metabolic phenotype of PWS.
Cigarette smoke extract inhibits cell migration and contraction via the reactive oxygen species/adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase pathway in nasal fibroblasts
Authors: Shin Jae‐Min , Park Joo‐Hoo , Yang Hyun‐Woo , Lee Heung‐Man , Park Il‐Ho
Published: November 2019

Background

Fibroblast migration plays a significant role in wound healing after endoscopic sinonasal surgery. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) is a potent inhibitor of fibroblast functions including cell proliferation and migration. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of CSE on migration and collagen gel contraction in nasal fibroblasts and investigate its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Fibroblast migration was evaluated using wound healing assay and transwell migration assay. Contractile activity was assessed by collagen gel contraction assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified by 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Fibroblasts were treated with CSE and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), metformin, compound C, or transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. AMPK activation was determined by Western blot.

Results

CSE and metformin were found to significantly reduce the migration and collagen gel contraction activity of nasal fibroblasts. Conversely, pretreatment with NAC and compound C significantly enhanced the migration and collagen gel contraction activity of fibroblasts. ROS production and AMPK phosphorylation were found to be significantly induced by CSE treatment, whereas the activity was inhibited on treatment with NAC, metformin, compound C, or AMPK siRNA. Silencing of AMPK expression was found to significantly reverse the suppressive effect of CSE in nasal fibroblasts.

Conclusion

CSE has an inhibitory effect on cell migration and collagen gel contraction activity via the ROS/AMPK signaling pathway in nasal fibroblasts.
Efficacy of protocol‐based non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Satou Takahisa , Imamura Hiroshi , Mochiduki Katunori , Ichikawa Michitaro , Takeshige Kanako , Kamijo Hiroshi , Takayama Hiroshi , Nitta Kenichi , Kikuchi Tadashi , Okamoto Kazufumi
Published: November 2019

Aim

The efficacy of non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unclear. Variation in both the etiology of ARDS and patient factors has resulted in inconsistent application of NPPV. We have developed a protocol‐based NPPV strategy as a first‐line intervention for ARDS. The aim of this observational study was to determine if protocol‐based NPPV improves the outcome in patients with ARDS.

Methods

We identified patients with ARDS treated by protocol‐based NPPV at our institution between March 2006 and March 2010 and categorized them according to NPPV success or failure. Success was defined as avoidance of intubation and remaining alive during NPPV.

Results

Eighty‐eight of 169 patients diagnosed with ARDS during the study period were treated using the protocol. Fifty‐two (76%) of 68 patients who were eligible for the study were successfully treated and did not require endotracheal intubation. The overall mortality rate at 28 days after initiation of NPPV was 12%. The mortality rate was significantly lower in the success group than in the failure group (P < 0.01). The PaO2/FiO2 ratio after 12–24 h of NPPV was significantly higher in the success group than in the failure group (202 ± 63 versus 145 ± 46; P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The success rate was higher and the mortality was lower in patients than in historical controls. Protocol‐based NPPV could be effective in patients with ARDS.
Geometric Phase Based Circular Array for Multimode Vortex Beam Generation
Authors: Li Quan , Wu Chao , Liu Xuan , Zhao Song , Zhang Zhihui , Shang Xiaobing , Wei Zeyong , Li Hongqiang
Published: November 2019

A geometric phase model for electromagnetic radiating elements is proposed. By rotation of the radiating element, a frequency‐independent geometric phase occurs for circularly polarized components of radiation field along every direction in far field. In addition, the geometric phase is equal to the rotation angle for a circularly polarized source, which enables phase modulation ranging from 0 to 2π. In contrast, the Pancharatnam–Berry phase for circular polarization conversion components brought by optical element rotation is twice the rotation angle and is applicable only for the scattering waves propagating along the rotation axis. As a proof of principle, an antenna array is designed and fabricated in microwave regime to verify the phase modulation approach. Both the calculated and measured results verify that three different orbital angular momentum modes are generated simultaneously at 8.5 GHz and 11.5 GHz.
Synergic Interplay Between Halogen Bonding and Hydrogen Bonding in the Activation of a Neutral Substrate in a Nanoconfined Space
Authors: La Manna Pellegrino , De Rosa Margherita , Talotta Carmen , Rescifina Antonio , Floresta Giuseppe , Soriente Annunziata , Gaeta Carmine , Neri Placido
Published: November 2019

The principle of amplified halogen bonding (XB) in a small space is exploited as a catalytic tool for the activation of an XB acceptor substrate in a nanoconfined environment. The inner cavity of the resorcinarene capsule has been equipped with an XB catalyst bearing an ammonium unit acting as a Trojan horse to drive the catalyst inside the capsule. In the presence of a specific XB catalyst, the capsule is able to catalyze a Michael reaction between N‐methylpyrrole and methyl vinyl ketone. In the bulk medium in absence of the resorcinarene capsule, the XB catalyst is catalytically ineffective. Quantum‐mechanical investigations highlight that the Michael reaction proceeds through the activation of the carbonyl group by synergistically enhanced halogen/hydrogen‐bonding interactions and takes place in an open pentameric capsule.
Host–Guest Recognition and Fluorescence of a Tetraphenylethene‐Based Octacationic Cage
Authors: Duan Honghong , Li Yawen , Li Qingfang , Wang Pinpin , Liu Xueru , Cheng Lin , Yu Yang , Cao Liping
Published: November 2019

We report the synthesis and characterization of a three‐dimensional tetraphenylethene‐based octacationic cage that shows host–guest recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. coronene) in organic media and water‐soluble dyes (e.g. sulforhodamine 101) in aqueous media through CH⋅⋅⋅π, π–π, and/or electrostatic interactions. The cage⊃coronene exhibits a cuboid internal cavity with a size of approximately 17.2×11.0×6.96 Å3and a “hamburger”‐type host–guest complex, which is hierarchically stacked into 1D nanotubes and a 3D supramolecular framework. The free cage possesses a similar cavity in the crystalline state. Furthermore, a host–guest complex formed between the octacationic cage and sulforhodamine 101 had a higher absolute quantum yield (ΦF=28.5 %), larger excitation–emission gap (Δλex‐em=211 nm), and longer emission lifetime (τ=7.0 ns) as compared to the guest (ΦF=10.5 %; Δλex‐em=11 nm;τ=4.9 ns), and purer emission (ΔλFWHM=38 nm) as compared to the host (ΔλFWHM=111 nm).
3‐O‐Sulfation of Heparan Sulfate Enhances Tau Interaction and Cellular Uptake
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhu Yanan , Song Xuehong , Xiao Yuanyuan , Su Guowei , Liu Xinyue , Wang Zhangjie , Xu Yongmei , Liu Jian , Eliezer David , Ramlall Trudy F. , Lippens Guy , Gibson James , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Wang Lianchun , Wang Chunyu
Published: November 2019

Prion‐like transcellular spreading of tau in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is mediated by tau binding to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). However, the structural determinants for tau–HS interaction are not well understood. Microarray and SPR assays of structurally defined HS oligosaccharides show that a rare 3‐O‐sulfation (3‐O‐S) of HS significantly enhances tau binding. In Hs3st1−/− (HS 3‐O‐sulfotransferase‐1 knockout) cells, reduced 3‐O‐S levels of HS diminished both cell surface binding and internalization of tau. In a cell culture, the addition of a 3‐O‐S HS 12‐mer reduced both tau cell surface binding and cellular uptake. NMR titrations mapped 3‐O‐S binding sites to the microtubule binding repeat 2 (R2) and proline‐rich region 2 (PRR2) of tau. Tau is only the seventh protein currently known to recognize HS 3‐O‐sulfation. Our work demonstrates that this rare 3‐O‐sulfation enhances tau–HS binding and likely the transcellular spread of tau, providing a novel target for disease‐modifying treatment of AD and other tauopathies.
Dual Enhancement of Gold Nanocluster Electrochemiluminescence: Electrocatalytic Excitation and Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Peng Huaping , Huang Zhongnan , Deng Haohua , Wu Weihua , Huang Kaiyuan , Li Zhenglian , Chen Wei , Liu Juewen
Published: November 2019

Ligand‐protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have emerged as a new class of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores for their interesting catalytic and emission properties, although their quantum yield (ΦECL) in aqueous medium is low with a poor mechanistic understanding of the ECL process. Now it is shown that drying AuNCs on electrodes enabled both enhanced electrochemical excitation by an electrocatalytic effect, and enhanced emission by aggregation‐induced ECL (AIECL) for 6‐aza‐2‐thiothymine (ATT) protected AuNCs with triethylamine (TEA) as a coreactant. The dried ATT‐AuNCs/TEA system resulted in highly stable visual ECL with a ΦECL of 78 %, and a similar enhancement was also achieved with methionine‐capped AuNCs. The drying enabled dual‐enhancement mechanism has solved a challenging mechanistic problem for AuNC ECL probes, and can guide further rational design of ECL emitters.
Chemical characterization and anti‐breast cancer effects of silver nanoparticles using Phoenix dactylifera seed ethanolic extract on 7,12‐Dimethylbenz[a] anthracene‐induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in Sprague Dawley male rats
Authors: Mohammadi Ghobad , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Zangeneh Akram , Haghighi Zahra Minoosh Siavosh
Published: November 2019

The aim of the recent research was to investigate the anti‐breast cancer effects of silver nanoparticles using Phoenix dactylifera seed ethanolic extract (AgNPs). After preparation of Phoenix dactylifera seed extract, GC/MS was performed to detect the compounds. The findings indicated that 9‐Octadecenoic acid (Z)‐ methyl ester (40.95%) and Dodecanoic acid methyl ester (20%) were the most frequent constituents found in P. dactylifera. These nanoparticles were spherical with a size range of 17‐19 nm and characterized using various analytical techniques including UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy to determine the presence of AgNPs in the solution. We studied functional groups of P. dactylifera extract in the reduction and capping process of AgNPs by FT‐IR, crystallinity and FCC planes by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and surface morphology, shapes, and size of AgNPs by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DPPH free radical scavenging test was used to test the antioxidant properties of P. dactylifera and AgNPs, which revealed high antioxidant potential similar to butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) as the positive control. The results of cytotoxicity analysis indicated that P. dactylifera and AgNPs were toxic for MCF‐7 cells. In vivo design, induction of breast cancer was done by 7,12‐Dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA) in 50 animals. After 10 days, the animals were randomly divided into six subgroups, including healthy control, untreated control, two groups receiving the P. dactylifera at 2 and 6 mg/kg and two groups receiving the AgNPs at 2 and 6 mg/kg concentrations. Both doses of P. dactylifera and AgNPs (especially AgNPs6) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the weight and volume of liver, mammary gland, kidney, spleen, ALP, AST, ALT, GGT, cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, total and conjugated bilirubin, urea, creatinine, glucose, ferrous, ferritin, erythropoietin, GR, IL1, IL6, IL12, IL18, IFNY, and TNFα and increased HDL, total protein, albumin, WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophils, platelet, RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, SOD, CAT, GPx, IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13, and IFNα compared to the untreated group. Moreover, P. dactylifera and AgNPs (especially AgNPs6) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) treated breast cancer with reduction of organs free of metastasis compared to the untreated group. Seemingly, the AgNPs can be used for the treatment of breast cancer.
O‐Alkyldithiophosphate Nickel Complexes with dcpf Ligand as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Dong‐Liang , Deng Cheng‐Long , Xie Bin , Li Yu‐Long , Lai Chuan , Mou Wen‐Yu , He Lin‐Xin , Bai Xiao‐Xue , Li Tao , Cao Jia‐Xi , Wang Jun
Published: November 2019

Six new O‐alkyldithiophosphate nickel complexes with dcpf ligand, [(dcpf)Ni(S2P{O}OR)] (dcpf = 1,1′‐bis (dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocene, R = CH3 (1), CH3CH2 (2), Ph (3), 4‐MeC6H4 (4), PhCH2 (5) and PhCH2CH2 (6)), have been synthesized by the treatment of dcpf with ((RO)2PS2)2Ni in satisfactory yields. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy (FTIR, UV–vis, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR), thermogravimetric analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The nickel atom in 1, 2·CH2Cl2, 3·CH2Cl2, 4·2CH2Cl2·THF, and 2(5)·hexane adopts a slightly distorted square‐planar coordination environment finished by two phosphorus atoms of dcpf ligand and two sulfur atoms of O‐alkyldithiophosphate ligand. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties for complexes 1–6 were also investigated by cyclic voltammetry. With the addition of 120 mM trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), the turnover frequency (TOF) values for 1–6 are estimated to be 1243.83, 1046.54, 1331.71, 2545.29, 1899.03, and 1191.37 s−1, with the overpotential (η) values of 0.62, 0.58, 0.71, 0.67, 0.60, and 0.56 V, respectively. The result of electrochemical studies indicates that all complexes can be used as efficient molecular eletrocatalysts for the reduction of protons to hydrogen in the presence of TFA in MeCN.
Effect of microscopic aggregation behavior on polymer shear resistance
Authors: Shi Leiting , Zhu Shijie , Ye Zhongbin , Xue Xinsheng , Liu Changlong , Lan Xitang
Published: November 2019

The study of polymer aggregation behavior effect on shear resistance shed light on the synthesis of antishear polymer for oil displacement and enhances the application effect of polymer flooding. The effects of mechanical degradation on the properties of polymer solutions were studied by using partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), hydrophobically modified HPAM (HMPAM), and dendritic hydrophobic associative polymers (DHAP), which are characterized by “granular,” “chain,” and “cluster” aggregation behavior, respectively. The results show that mechanical shearing can dramatically reduce the performance of polymer solution. The shearing resistance can be effectively enhanced by improving the polymer aggregation behavior. After being strongly sheared, hydrophobically associating polymers can still partially restore its network through hydrophobic association, therefore rebuild the solution viscosity. For DHAP, the broken molecular chains distribute more evenly in solution after shearing. In addition, the strength of reconstructed network structure of DHAP is better than that of HMAPM, which implies a better shear resistance. Furthermore, the hydrophobic association of linear polymers will increase their static adsorption on quartz sand. Meanwhile, DHAP with stronger spatial structure has less static adsorption, which is beneficial to maintain a higher polymer concentration in solution. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48670.
Anticorrosion and electromagnetic interference shielding behavior of candle soot‐based epoxy coating
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Chauhan Sampat Singh , Singh Gurmeet , Sharma Moolchand , Singh V. P. , Vaish Rahul
Published: November 2019

This article presents candle soot (CS) as anticorrosion coating material for mild steel (MS) in 3.5 wt % of NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. CS is easily available, low‐cost material, and characterized by using X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CS is superhydrobhobic in nature that helps to prevent corrosion by repelling water molecules from MS surface. The electrochemical results confirmed the prevention in corrosion process for MS using candle soot‐epoxy (CS‐EP) based anticorrosion coatings. The CS‐based coatings displayed outstanding barrier properties in 3.5 wt % of NaCl solution in comparison to the neat EP coating. Different candle CS‐EP coating combinations were tested that exhibited excellent corrosion inhibition performance with highest protection increased up to 98.45% at 0.2 wt % of CS. The surface morphological studies were used to analyze the MS surface conditions in absence and presence of CS‐EP coating in 3.5 wt % of NaCl solution. CS‐EP admixtures were also tested for their shielding effectiveness in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz and it has been found that on incorporation of 0.2 wt % of CS in EP resin total shielding effectiveness (SET) increased to −5.3 dB as compared to −0.33 dB for neat EP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48675.
Serum metabolomics study of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ma Guang‐chao , Wang Tie‐shan , Wang Ji , Ma Zhi‐jie , Pu Shi‐biao
Published: November 2019

Allergic rhinitis (AR) negatively affects the healthy lives of many individuals. Most previous studies on AR focused on the expression of cytokines, with only a few analyzing cytokine expression from a metabolomics viewpoint. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study AR at the metabolic level. Consequently, we aimed to identify differential serum biomarkers by metabolomics. In this study, the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) model was applied to characterize the differences in serum samples collected from patients with AR and healthy volunteers. Ten metabolites (except hexadecanoic acid) were found to be altered significantly (p < .05) in the former group, according to results of principal component analysis and OPLS‐DA, indicating that these metabolites could be potential biomarkers. MetaboAnalyst 4.0 and pathway enrichment analysis showed that these changes in metabolites mainly involved three pathways, namely, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and purine metabolism. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the potential pathogenesis mechanisms and provide a metabolic evidence for in‐depth studies of AR.
What you should know about emphysematous vaginitis?
Authors: Tereso Andreia Filipa Batista , Granadas Joana Catarina Clemente , Baptista Marta Filipa Santos
Published: November 2019

Emphysematous vaginitis represents a rare and self‐limited condition, which presents with vaginal discharge. Despite its benignity, it has some worrisome imaging features, which should be recognized in order to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures.
An intubated 7‐month‐old infant with a retropharyngeal abscess and multidrug‐resistant Streptococcus mitis
Authors: Watanabe Yoshihisa , Nagao Yoshiro , Endo Hisashi , Yamane Ichiro , Hirata Masaaki , Hatakeyama Kuniya
Published: November 2019

The profile of antimicrobial resistance (ie, antibiogram) may be disparate between children and adults. An infant developed severe deep neck infection with a multidrug‐resistant microbe. The microbe was more drug‐resistant in children than in adults, in our hospital. Treatment of a child should be guided by the antibiogram obtained from children.
Laser‐Induced Pyridinic‐Nitrogen‐Rich Defective Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yin Yuehui , Sun Xuechun , Zhou Miao , Zhao Xueru , Qin Jiayi , Qiao Shi‐Zhang , Du Xi‐Wen , Yang Jing
Published: November 2019

Developing low‐cost, highly active, and stable bi‐functional oxygen reduction and evolutionreaction (ORR/OER) electrocatalysts for rechargeable metal‐air batteries has been regarded as a primary challengefor sustainable energy devices. Herein, for the first time we design and fabricate defective carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enriched with pyridinic nitrogenvia laser irradiation for oxygenelectrocatalysis. Mesopores with plentiful edges are produced on the surface of CNTs, which not only facilitate mass transfer throughout CNTs architecture, but also are favorable for the incorporation of pyridinic nitrogen serving as the active sites for ORR/OER. The as‐prepared catalyst shows dramatically enhanced catalytic activity with half‐wave potential of 0.84 V (vs. RHE) for ORR and an overpotential of 0.36 V for OER in alkaline medium. More importantly, it exhibits excellent Zinc‐air battery charge/discharge cycling stability.
Annulative Allylic Alkylation Reactions between Dual Electrophiles and Dual Nucleophiles: Applications in Complex Molecule Synthesis
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Kalnmals Christopher A.
Published: November 2019

Metal‐catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions between dual nucleophiles and dual electrophiles represent a powerful set of methods for the synthesis of small‐, medium‐, and even large‐sized rings. Using this strategy, a handful of simple allylic diol derivatives can be transformed into a broad array of complex carbo‐ and heterocycles of varying ring sizes in just a single step. Because of their ability to rapidly generate complexity, annulative allylic alkylation reactions between dual nucleophiles and dual electrophiles have been extensively employed in the total synthesis of both natural products and pharmaceutical compounds.
Photochemical Functionalization of Helicenes
Authors: Jakubec Martin , Ghosh Indrajit , Storch Jan , König Burkhard
Published: November 2019

Herein, a visible‐light photochemical approach for practical helicene functionalization at very mild reaction conditions is described. The photochemical reactions allow for the regiospecific and innate late‐stage functionalization of helicenes and are easily executed either through the activation of C(sp2)−Br bonds in helicenes using K2CO3 as inorganic base or direct C(sp2)−H helicene bond functionalization under oxidative photoredox reaction conditions. Overall, using these transformations six different functional groups are introduced to the helicene scaffold through C−C and four different C‐heteroatom bond‐forming reactions.
Discrete Supramolecular Stacks Based on Multinuclear Tweezer‐Type Rhodium Complexes
Authors: Guo Bei‐Bei , Azam Mohammad , AlResayes Saud I. , Lin Yue‐Jian , Jin Guo‐Xin
Published: November 2019

By taking advantage of self‐complementary π–π stacking and CH–π interactions, a series of discrete quadruple stacks were constructed through the self‐aggregation of U‐shaped dirhodium metallotweezer complexes featuring various planar polyaromatic ligands. By altering the conjugate stacking strength and bridging ligands, assemblies with a range of topologies were obtained, including a binuclear D‐shaped macrocycle, tetranuclear open‐ended cagelike frameworks, and duplex metallotweezer stacking structures. Furthermore, a rare stacking interaction resulting in selective C−H activation was observed during the self‐assembly process of these elaborate architectures.
Genetic Code Expansion Facilitates Position‐Selective Labeling of RNA for Biophysical Studies
Authors: Hegelein Andreas , Müller Diana , Größl Sylvester , Göbel Michael , Hengesbach Martin , Schwalbe Harald
Published: November 2019

Nature relies on reading and synthesizing the genetic code with high fidelity. Nucleic acid building blocks that are orthogonal to the canonical A‐T and G‐C base‐pairs are therefore uniquely suitable to facilitate position‐specific labeling of nucleic acids. Here, we employ the orthogonal kappa‐xanthosine‐base‐pair for in vitro transcription of labeled RNA. We devised an improved synthetic route to obtain the phosphoramidite of the deoxy‐version of the kappa nucleoside in solid phase synthesis. From this DNA template, we demonstrate the reliable incorporation of xanthosine during in vitro transcription. Using NMR spectroscopy, we show that xanthosine introduces only minor structural changes in an RNA helix. We furthermore synthesized a clickable 7‐deaza‐xanthosine, which allows to site‐specifically modify transcribed RNA molecules with fluorophores or other labels.
Memory of Chirality in Flow Electrochemistry: Fast Optimisation with DoE and Online 2D‐HPLC
Authors: Santi Micol , Seitz Jakob , Cicala Rossana , Hardwick Tomas , Ahmed Nisar , Wirth Thomas
Published: November 2019

Amino acid derivatives undergo non‐Kolbe electrolysis to afford enantiomerically enriched α‐alkoxyamino derivatives through intermediate chiral carbenium ions. The products contain N,O‐acetals which are important structural motifs found in bioactive natural products. The reaction is performed in a continuous flow electrochemical reactor coupled to a 2D‐HPLC for immediate online analysis. This allowed a fast screening of temperature, electrode material, current, flow‐rate and concentration in a DoE approach. The combination with online HPLC demonstrates that also stereoselective reactions can benefit from a hugely accelerated optimisation by combining flow electrochemistry with multidimensional analysis.
A Practical Method for Continuous Production of sp3‐Rich Compounds from (Hetero)Aryl Halides and Redox‐Active Esters
Authors: Watanabe Eiichi , Chen Yiding , May Oliver , Ley Steven V.
Published: November 2019

A practically useful coupling reaction between aromatic halides and redox‐active esters was realized by nickel catalysis through the use of a packed zinc bed column in continuous flow. Multiple reuse of the column showed a negligible decrease in efficiency, affording high space/time yields. A wide range of substrates, including a number of heteroaryl halides and polyfunctional materials were coupled in generally good yields. Longer‐time and larger‐scale experiments further demonstrates the robustness of the system.
Improved CO2 Uptake and Supercapacitive Energy Storage Using Heteroatom‐Rich Porous Carbons Derived from Conjugated Microporous Polyaminoanthraquinone Networks
Authors: Li Yuchao , Li Wenzhi , Cheng Zhonghua , He Yan , Li Huimin , Li Huixin , Liao Yaozu
Published: November 2019

Functionalized porous carbons have received increased attention in both gas and supercapacitive energy storage. We report heteroatom‐rich porous carbons derived from two conjugated microporous polyaminoanthraquinone networks via a straightforward pyrolysis pathway, showing high contents of nitrogen (N, max. 5.2 wt%) and oxygen (O, max. 8.3 wt%), uniform micropore (∼0.6 nm) and large surface area (1165 m2 g−1). In comparison to the polymer precursors, the resulting porous carbons exhibit much improved CO2 uptake capacity of 14.1 wt% at 1 bar maintaining an impressive reversible CO2 uptake after 50 times use. More importantly, they can be applied for efficient supercapacitors with high energy storage capacity (200 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), fast charge/discharge rate (charge to 158 F g−1 with only 25 s), and excellent stability (retain 98.5% capacity after 6000 cycles).