bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propondo Uma Aula Com Modelagem Matemática. Modelo De Biembengut E Hein (2007)
Authors: Malaquias Helbert Santana
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo propõe uma aula para alunos entre 13 e 14 anos do ensino fundamental aplicando a Modelagem Matemática e usando o modelo matemático de Biembengut e Hein (2007). Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a construção de um modelo matemático, através do cálculo de planos de duas operadoras de telefonia celular que operam na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, identificar qual plano será mais em conta para cada aluno, de acordo com o seu perfil. Este trabalho, pode ser desenvolvido com alunos do Ensino Fundamental e utiliza o modelo matemático de Biembengut e Hein (2007), que propõe as etapas de interação (reconhecimento e familiarização com a situação problema), matematização (formulação e resolução do problema), criação do modelo matemático (interpretação do modelo) e a verificação de sua adequabilidade (validação). O mesmo também serve como proposta de plano de aula para o docente de Matemática do ensino fundamental nas aulas de funções e inequação do primeiro grau. Cabe ressaltar que esta aula é uma proposta, sendo que, poderá ser usada com outros tipos de situações e outros conteúdos. A metodologia adotada neste estudo foi a de revisão bibliográfica. Com essa pesquisa, além de descobrirmos o plano de celular com o melhor custo-benefício, segundo o perfil de cada aluno, quantos minutos cada aluno usa mensalmente, pode-se desenvolver os conteúdos de funções e inequações do 1º grau, conteúdos de 8º e 9º ano do ensino fundamental. Assim, observa-se que os alunos terão mais prazer em estudar esses conteúdos, usando a Modelagem Matemática.
РОЛЬ СУЧАСНИХ DIGITAL-ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ФУНКЦІОНУВАННІ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ СИСТЕМИ
Authors: Владика Юлія , Tурова Лариса
Published: May 2021

У статті всебічно розкрито роль сучасних digital-технологій у розвитку банківської системи. Обґрунтовано необхідність використання цифрових технологій у банківській діяльності, яка полягає у загальному покращенні обслуговування клієнтів; зменшенні операційних витрат банку, пришвидшенні виконання банківських операцій та зростання конкурентоспроможності банку. Зазначено, що основним заходам з оптимізації витрат фінансової установи можна вважати автоматизацію та оптимізацію бізнес-процесів. Напрямки введення інформаційних технологій у банківську діяльність систематизовано за декількома ознаками, а саме: створення корпоративних комп’ютерних систем; продаж банківських послуг у мережі Інтернет; розвиток внутрішньобанківської системи управління та їх автоматизація. Зроблено короткий ретроспективний аналіз розвитку Інтернет-банкінгу в Україні.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ НА ОРГАНІЧНУ ПРОДУКЦІЮ ТА ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ ОРГАНІЧНОГО ВИРОБНИКА В РИНКОВИХ УМОВАХ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Гвоздь Оксана
Published: May 2021

У статті окреслено особливості ціноутворення на органічну продукцію та розглянуто можливі форми державної підтримки органічного виробника. Охарактеризовано основні моменти, які мають бути враховані при формуванні ціни на органічну продукцію, запропоновано встановлення преміальної надбавки, на основі розглянутого досвіду Швейцарії, Великобританії та Німеччини. Наголошено на важливості врахування стратегії органічного виробника та стадії життєвого циклу органічного товару при ціноутворенні. Розглянуто особливості державної підтримки у зарубіжних країнах та наголошено на необхідності збільшення відшкодувань за сертифікацію процесу органічного виробництва для сільськогосподарських виробників. У статті також охарактеризовано основні регіональні ініціативи підтримки органічного виробництва в Україні.
ОБЛІК ТА РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ МІГРАЦІЇ НАСЕЛЕННЯ НА СХОДІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Подлужна Наталія , Лизунова Олена , Тарасенко Денис
Published: May 2021

На соціально-економічний розвиток країни, її територіальну цілісність і національну безпеку великий вплив мають міграційні процеси. Проблема міграції населення є актуальною для України в умовах загострення демографічних і соціально-економічних проблем. Стаття присвячена аналізу міграційних процесів населення та їх впливу на економіку країни. Проаналізовано зміст основних механізмів регулювання міграційних потоків. Представлено аналіз динаміки і сучасного стану процесу міграції населення, на основі якого запропоновано напрями вдосконалення системи регулювання міграції населення. Розглянуто причини виникнення позитивних і негативних наслідків міграції населення. Досліджено думки фахівців з цієї проблеми. Стаття містить прогнози тенденцій міграційних процесів. Проведено аналіз міграційних процесів в Україні. Представлено результати аналізу динаміки і сучасного стану міграційних процесів. Оцінено вплив внутрішньої міграції на економіку країни. На основі представленого аналізу запропоновано напрями удосконалення системи регулювання внутрішньої міграції. Розширено уявлення про основні принципи та напрямки державної міграційної політики, яких має дотримуватися уряд України під час її формування. В статті проаналізована кількість переміщених осіб, які потребують допомоги за період 2016-2020 рр. на прикладі Управління соціального захисту населення Ясинуватської райдержадміністрації. Проведено дослідження динаміки виплати щомісячної адресної допомоги в розрізі контингенту отримувачів на території Донецької області Ясинуватського району, які переміщуються з тимчасово окупованої території та районів проведення антитерористичної операції за період 2016-2020 рр. Досліджено тенденції динаміки основних показників виконання бюджетної програми 2501480 «Надання щомісячної адресної допомоги внутрішньо переміщеним особам для покриття витрат на проживання, в тому числі на оплату житлово-комунальних послуг». Результати цього дослідження можуть стати основою для формування міграційної політики України за європейськими стандартами. Визнання та престиж Україні у світі залежать від чіткості та обґрунтованості міграційної політики, від подальшого розвитку і ефективності міграційних процесів.
ALTERNATIVES OF INNOVATIVE APPROACHES FROM THE POSITION OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES AND INSTITUTIONAL CRITERIA
Authors: Фрасинюк Тетяна , Яворська Анастасія , Левинська Тетяна
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to topical issues of innovative approaches from the standpoint of entrepreneurial structures and institutional criteria. This study substantiates the relevance of the development, implementation and improvement of approaches to the institutionalization of innovations in the context of globalization. From a theoretical point of view, the evolution of innovations in the system of entrepreneurial structures in the maritime trade market is investigated, theoretical approaches to the study of innovative systems and the principles of global innovative interaction are disclosed. This study presents an institutional approach to the implementation of innovations in the maritime market of Ukraine, as well as summarizes the practical experience of institutionalizing scientific research systems in the global maritime trade market, identifies the need for innovative and modernized development of the national maritime industry.
PENANGGULANGAN KARIES GIGI DENGAN PENAMBALAN DAN PENCABUTAN GIGI SEDERHANA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH
Authors: . Listrianah , D Saluna , Nurhayati Msy. , H Abu
Published: May 2021

Kesehatan gigi anak usia sekolah sangat penting, khususnya usia sekolah dasar. Karena pada usia itu saatnya membangun suatu pundamental pembangunan fisik maupun kecerdasan. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan gigi anak usia sekolah. Oleh sebab itu kesehatan gigi anak usia sekolah harus ditingkatkan melalui pemeliharaan yaitu dengan penambalan gigi dan melakukan pencabutan gigi-gigi yang sudah terindikasi. Metode pelaksanaan penambalan gigi dengan ART (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment) dan pencabutan sederhana dengan Chloraethyl. Peserta yang terlibat dalam kegitan ini adalah seluruh siswa   SDN 207 Palembang tahun 2018.  Target capaian kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya derajat kesehatan gigi anak usia sekolah di SDN 207 Palembang tahun 2018. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah 51 siswa SDN 207 Kertapati Palembang sudah dilakukan tindakan penambalan dan pencabutan gigi serta penyuluhan tentang pengetahuan  kesehatan gigi  anak usia sekolah di SDN 207 Palembang.  Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkanya derajat kesehatan gigi  51 siswa di SDN 207 Kertapati Palembang tahun 2018. Mereka berpartisipasi dalam pelaksanaan program ini dengan mengikuti kegiatan penambalan gigi, pencabutan gigi dan penyuluhan yang langsung diberikan oleh tim pelaksana setelah dilakukan perawatan kepada murid SDN 207 Palembang. Setelah kegiatan ini selesai murid dapat merasakan manfaat perawatan dengan melalui penambalan , pencabutan gigi dan dapat menjaga kesehatan giginya dengan bekal sedikit pengetahuan yang diberikan oleh tim, sehingga status kesehatan gigi dan mulut menjadi lebih baik dari sebelumnya.
Possibility Implementation Analysis of the Smart Grid Network in a Current State Conditions of the United Energy Systems of Ukraine
Authors: Pliuhin Vladyslav , Teterev Vitaliy
Published: May 2021

The paper analyzes the current state of the energy system of Ukraine and the efficiency of generation and transmission of electricity. The analysis of the best world practices shows that the active development of modern technologies of energy accounting allows: to bring to a fundamentally new level the quality of data collection and analysis of consumers’ energy consumption; increases the efficiency of operational management of energy assets; promotes the active involvement of energy consumers in the processes of regulating their own energy consumption. Ukraine's energy system has been in operation for quite a long time, and it is difficult for it to withstand the load of modern times. The high level of wear of the main and auxiliary equipment of the power system and the uneven distribution of load in the network often lead to emergencies and power outages to consumers. Undoubtedly, increasing the efficiency of electricitygeneration and supply is an important and urgent task for Ukraine's energy sector. One of the modern and innovative concepts that can significantly affect the quality of electricity transmission is Smart Grid technology. This technology and its capabilities are not new. But the problems that accompany the widespread introduction of Smart Grid in the energy market of Ukraine do not have an unambiguous and effective solution. In this regard, this paper proposes to consider and discuss several scenarios for the implementation of Smart Grid in Ukraine, with an overview of their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, this is a scenario of monitoring and point-by-point implementation of certain Smart Grid technologies; scenario of development of existing and creation of new competencies in the field of Smart Grid; scenario of development and re-implementation of a comprehensive national program of innovative development of electric power on the basis of the Smart Grid concept. The ways of mathematical formulation of the Smart Grid optimization problem using the Data Science approach based on the machine learning system and neural networks are determined separately. These include Big Data processing methods, Data Mining, statistical methods, artificial intelligence methods, and Machine Learning. Data Science includes methods of designing and developing databases and application software. The main practical purpose of the scientist's work is to extract useful information for business from large arrays of information, identify patterns, develop and test hypotheses by modeling and developing new software, and therefore are necessary and sufficient conditions for theoretical justification of practical implementation of Smart Grid in Ukraine.
Perceiving Liveability through the Diverse Aspects of Walkability
Authors: Sirjani Amir Hossein , Szabó Árpád
Published: May 2021

A city's walkability is a measure of how friendly, safe and attractive a city is for walking within it. Moreover, a well-designed walkable environment can become a place where many social, political, and other important urban activities occur. Following the appearance of motorised vehicles, cars have occupied urban spaces, with many city structures changing according to motor vehicles' requirements rather than pedestrians. Regardless of the many benefits that cars bring to people’s lives, the overuse of cars has had many social, physical, and economic consequences. Based on the reviewed literature, this research analyses the relationship between the built environment and walking, behavioural factors and travel mode choices, walking as a means of socialisation and as a transportation mode. In addition to these factors, four main groups of criteria contributing to increased walking rate are identified: lifestyle, urban design factors, personal and locational factors. Each of these groups has comprehensive sub-categories that can evaluate the walkability of a street or an urban space. This research mainly examines the relationship between the built environment's physical properties and the walkability of urban space.
Investigation of Effects of Short-term Thermal Stress on PVC Insulated Low Voltage Distribution Cables
Authors: Bal Semih , Tamus Zoltán Ádám
Published: May 2021

The main aim of this study is to investigate the ageing process of Low Voltage cables in smart grid. In addition, the behavior of ageing phenomenon has also been investigated. The Low Voltage cable networks were developed decades ago and it is of utmost importance to make comprehensive study over the health of existing Low Voltage cable networks so as to avoid any unprecedented damage. Incessantly increasing energy demand and distributed generation makes it among top priorities to investigate the ageing process of Low Voltage cables.The effect of thermal stress over dielectrics was investigated as a part of research. To be able to determine these effects the measurements were done on PVC insulated (both cores and jacket) cable by measuring tanδ (dissipation factor), capacitance, return voltage of cable and hardness of insulations. In order to determine thermal effects on dielectric, the measurements were done in different ageing temperature ranges i.e. at 110 °C, 125 °C and 140 °C.The results of this study support the expectations. The mechanical and the electrical parameters of cable insulation are affected by thermal stress. The dissipation factor and the hardness are increased while the decay voltage slope ( Sd ) is decreased by ageing.
Are We Ready for Direct Brain Links to Machines and Each Other?
Authors: LaGrandeur Kevin
Published: May 2021

Editor said abstract not needed.
To the Posthuman Born(e): The Post-natural World of Jeff VanderMeer
Authors: K.   Nayar Pramod
Published: May 2021

In this essay, I argue that VanderMeer’s imagining of such a world in Borne is at once posthuman and post-natural, and the two are interconnected. The crux of the argument is that the posthuman is contingent upon, even as it produces, the post-natural.
Chinese Kung-fu Films and the Posthuman Daoism
Authors: Wong Kin Yuen
Published: May 2021

This paper argues that Chinese- Kung-fu films are unique presentations of human movement as a system of bodily aesthetics. By adopting a Daoist aesthetics of yin-yang cosmology, martial artists perform the dictum by Zhuanzi’s “The myriad things come out of ji and go into ji”, with the character ji as some kind of the Deleuzian “desiring machine”. There we see a human-technicality convergence as characterized by a posthuman merger within the process of complex visuality, particularly presented through the cinematic form. Kung-fu performance on screen, therefore, affords a kind of natural cyborg intersectionality within what can be called a posthuman Daoism, a kind of commingling of the ancient and posthuman technics.
The Vital Life of Kitchens in Higher Education Institutional Workspaces
Authors: Taylor Carol A
Published: May 2021

In higher education institutions (HEI), whose primary functions are oriented to the activities of learning, teaching and research workspace kitchens are disregarded spaces. Yet kitchens do vital but unnoticed work in everyday institutional life. This article develops a post-human, post-disciplinary and post-methodological analytical framing to give kitchens, and the confederation of connections they produce, the attention they deserve. The article draws on a post-qualitative data bricolage of mobile phone snaps, assemblage ethnography, vox pop and memory story to analyze the posthuman matterings within and of HEI kitchens. Theoretically, the article is grounded in a post-disciplinary approach which draws conceptual resources from sociology, human geography, anthropology, material culture and education. It explores the HE workspace kitchen as a productive site for the enactment of a multitude of material, affective and micro-political institutional practices. The article argues that kitchens matter as important liminal spaces for the materialization of institutional rules, values, norms, belonging and community.
From the Ashes
Authors: McDonald Matt
Published: May 2021

I don’t feel as though this short commentary warrants one, but could provide one if required.
On Transhumanism: A Non-Paternalistic Plea for the Radical Plurality of the Good
Authors: Talovic Aleksandar
Published: May 2021

I was suggested that the abstract is not required for the book review.
Preference, Outcome and Cost of Caesarean Sections: Comparison Between Public and Private Tertiary Hospitals
Authors: Sabnam Nazia , Islam Md Ziaul
Published: May 2021

Background: To compare preference, outcome and cost of caesarean sections between public and private tertiary hospitals.

Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted among 152 conveniently selected women who underwent CS. Data were collected by face to face interview and record reviewing by using semi-structured questionnaire and check list, ethical issues were maintained. Total cost was estimated by direct and indirect cost related to CS, analysis done by SPSS software. The study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Dhaka Medical College & Hospital and Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital from January to December, 2018.

Results: Mean monthly family income of women was Tk.19668.75 (±14115.02) in public and Tk. 55472.22 (±25044.17) in private hospital. Provider preference was higher in public (78.8%) while self-preference was higher in private (37.5%) hospital (p<0.05). Majority i.e. 70% and 72.2% of women in public and private hospital respectively were healthy. But majority i.e. 58.3% had complications of new born in private compared to public (31.3%) hospital (p<0.05). In private hospital, mean total cost (Tk.52776.07±15841.93), direct cost (Tk.50826±15321.92) and indirect cost (Tk. 2890.91±3752.38) of CS was significantly higher compared to mean total cost (Tk.10149.2±4298.46), direct cost (Tk.8320.45±4028.74) and indirect cost (Tk.1844.87±1154.80) in public hospital (t-test, p<0.01). By selfpreference, majority i.e. 17(63%) of women had highest cost (Tk. >5000) in private hospital (p<0.05) while majority i.e. 10 (58.8%) of women had lowest cost (Tk.4000-10000) in public hospital.

Conclusion: In private hospital total cost was about five times higher compared to public hospital though maternal outcome was almost same and neonatal outcome was better in public hospital. Appropriate regulations need to reduce preference of CS and difference of total cost.

JOPSOM 2020; 39(2): 59-69
Pembiayaan Defisit APBN menurut Umer Chapra (Studi Analisis Kritik terhadap Pembiayaan Defisit APBN Indonesia Periode 2010-2015)
Authors: Djayusman Royyan Ramdhani , Fatturroyhan Fatturroyhan
Published: May 2021

APBN Indonesia menggunakan konsep defisit sebagai stimulus pertumbuhan ekonomi. Defisit tersebut didanai dengan pinjaman, baik internal maupun eksternal yang mengandung unsur riba yang akhirnya akan mengakibatkan terjadinya inflasi dan terkadang malah menjurus ke resesi dan depresi ekonomi. Sedangkan, keadaan yang seharusnya defisit dibiayai dengan cara yang tidak mengandung riba dan menjaga kestabilan ekonomi. Menurut data yang ada pada tahun 2010-2015 memperlihatkan defisit yang meningkat diikuti pembiayaan defisit yang meningkat pula. Umer Chapra ia tidak hanya membahas aspek teoritis saja, melainkan juga aspek aplikasi sehingga gagasan-gagasannya dalam bidang ekonomi Islam cukup realistis untuk diaplikasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembiayaan defisit APBN Indonesia tahun 2010-2015 dan untuk melakukan analisis kritik terhadap pembiayaan defisit APBN Indonesia tahun 2010-2015 ditinjau dari pemikiran Umer Chapra. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian literatur, dengan metode analisis kritik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan defisit APBN Indonesia pada tahun 2010-2015 pembiayaan defisit anggaran berasal dari dua sumber, yaitu pembiayaan utang yang terdiri pinjaman dalam negeri dan pinjaman luar negeri, dan pembiayaan non-utang yang terdiri dari pendapatan pajak, manajemen atau privatisasi BUMN, dan hasil pengelolaan aset. Dari analisis kritik terhadap pembiayaan Defisit Indonesia peneliti melakukan kritik dari 3 unsur yaitu penerimaan, pembiayaan dan pengeluaran APBN. Masalah utama adalah pembiayaan defisit APBN menggunakan instrumen utang luar negeri yang mengandung unsur riba dan melemahkan kemampuan APBN selanjutnya, sedangkan ada alternatif lain yaitu sukuk negara untuk menutup defisit APBN tersebut. Dengan kata lain, bahwasanya utang luar negeri yang dilakukan pemerintah malah melemahkan APBN itu sendiri dengan beban pokok utang dan cicilan bunganya.  Dari sisi non utang penerimaan pemungutan pajak yang terjadi tidak adil, dan privatisasi BUMN yang terjadi merugikan negara. Sedangkan dari sisi pengeluaran APBN untuk pembiayaan belum memprioritaskan kesejahteraan masyarakat terlihat dari pos anggaran pengeluaran APBN tahun 2010-2015 membengkak pada pos anggaran pertahanan militer.
Perbandingan Kepuasan Nasabah Pengusaha Batik di Pekalongan terhadap Bank Syariah dan Bank Konvensional
Authors: Fikri Muhammad Khoirul
Published: May 2021

Fokus permasalahan yang peneliti angkat dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan nasabah pengusaha batik di Pekalongan pada bank syariah, dalam hal ini juga membandingkan bank syariah dengan bank konvensional. Dalam hal ini pengusaha batik yang menjadi nasabah di bank syariah dan bank konvensional. Hasil perhitungan untuk bank syariah, di mana diketahui uji t bahwa variabel-variabel tersebut secara sendiri-sendiri tidak semuanya mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepuasan nasabah pengusaha batik di Pekalongan, tingkat pengaruhnya berbeda-beda yaitu dari pengaruh yang paling tinggi sampai pengaruh paling rendah. Uji F menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan ke enam faktor tersebut bersama-sama mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepuasan nasabah pengusaha batik di Pekalongan. Hasil perhitungan untuk bank konvensional, di mana diketahui uji t bahwa variabel-variabel tersebut secara sendiri-sendiri tidak semuanya mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepuasan nasabah pengusaha batik di Pekalongan, tingkat pengaruhnya berbeda-beda yaitu dari pengaruh yang paling tinggi sampai pengaruh paling rendah.

Uji F menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan ke enam faktor tersebut bersama-sama mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepuasan nasabah pengusaha batik di Pekalongan.
Wakaf Produktif Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Perguruan Tinggi Swasta
Authors: Firmansyah Kholis
Published: May 2021

Perguruan Tinggi Swasta harus selalu berupaya meningkatkan mutunya sehingga menghasilkan lulusan yang unggul dan berdaya saing. Dalam mengelola dan mengembangkan Perguruan Tinggi Swasta pastinya membutuhkan pendanaan yang besar. Mengandalkan pendanaan dari mahasiswa belum tentu cukup untuk mengelola dan mengembangkan suatu Perguruan Tinggi Swasta. Sedangkan pendanaan yang minim menyebabkan ekonomi Perguruan Tinggi Swasta tidak stabil. Dalam hal ini wakaf produktif merupakan alternatif sebagai upaya peningkatan ekonomi Perguruan Tinggi Swasta. Dana wakaf yang terkumpul selanjutnya dapat dikembangkan dan diinvestasikan oleh nadzir yang dalam hal ini adalah pengelola wakaf produktif di Perguruan Tinggi Swasta, ke berbagai sektor usaha maupun investasi yang halal dan produktif, sehingga keuntungannya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengelolaan dan pengembangan Perguruan Tinggi Swasta agar mutu Perguruan Tinggi Swasta semakin unggul dan berdaya saing.
Yabancı Dil Olarak Farsça Öğrenen Türk Öğrenicilerin Yazım Hatalarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GEDİK Ümit
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; yabancı dil olarak Farsça öğrenen Türk öğrenicilerin yazım hatalarını hata çözümlemesi yöntemine göre değerlendirmek, hata oranları dağılımına ilişkin sıklık ve yüzde dağılımlarını belirlemek, elde edilen veriler ve hata yığılımları doğrultusunda yabancı dil olarak Farsça öğretimi için uygun önerilerde bulunmaktır. Araştırmada, betimsel tarama modeline uygun biçimde taranan veriler, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik çözümlemesi tekniği kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, anadilleri Türkçe olan ve Fars Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalı’nda öğrenim gören 58 kadın ve 23 erkek olmak üzere toplam 81 öğrenici oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri, öğrenicilerin 2017-2018 Eğitim-Öğretim yılının güz ve bahar dönemlerindeki FAR119 Farsça Dilbilgisi I (Temel Düzey), FAR115 Farsça Dikte ve Yazılı Anlatım, FAR201 Farsça Dilbilgisi III (İleri Düzey), FAR215 Türkçeden Farsçaya Çeviri, FAR413 Kompozisyon, FAR102 Farsça Dilbilgisi II (Orta Düzey), FAR116 Farsçadan Türkçeye Çeviri, FAR202 Farsça Dilbilgisi IV (Yüksek Düzey), FAR214 Farsça Kompozisyon derslerinin ara ve yarıyıl sonu sınavları ile bu derslerin öğreticileri tarafından ders dönemlerinde öğrenicilere verilmiş olan ödevlerden elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu veriler, yazım hata grubu altında yer alan alt başlıklar doğrultusunda sınıflandırılmış ve çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan çözümlemeler sonucunda, yabancı dil olarak Farsça öğrenen Türk öğrenicilerin yazılı anlatımlarında toplam 372 hata tespit edilmiştir. Dağılımları dikkate alındığında, bu hataların 311 hata sıklığı ve %84’lük oranla yazıbirim hataları, 61 hata sıklığı ve %16’lık oranla ise yazma hataları olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bu nicel sonuçlar doğrultusunda yabancı dil olarak Farsça öğrenen Türk öğrenicilerin yazılı anlatım becerilerindeki yazım hatalarının en aza indirilebilmesi adına çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.
Experimental Research on Rotating Stall Induced Blade Vibration in an Unshrouded Centrifugal Compressor
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Zhao Xinwei , Yang Shuhua ,   Shenyang Blower Works Group, Li Hongkun ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Fan Zhenfang ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the problem of forced vibration of centrifugal compressor blades at low mass flow rate has become prominent and gradually attracts more attentions. This paper is aimed to investigate the mechanism behind this complex fluid-structure coupling phenomenon. A lot of experimental work has been carried out on a full-size single stage centrifugal compressor (SSCC) facility to understand the dynamic behavior of the stall cells and how blade vibrates when suffering such aerodynamic loading condition. Through multiple signals from casing-mounted pressure transducers and strain gauges, the rotating stall is characterized and further correlated with the blade vibration. Not only the individual stall mode but also the coexistence and superposition of different stall modes is observed. Each of them causes different non-synchronous vibration phenomena. However, the blade resonance of the tested impeller is not observed currently.
Solar System Wave Function and its Achievements
Authors: Soltani Abolfazl
Published: May 2021

Pluto, Ceres and all planets of Solar system except Neptune, with a high approximation, follow a rule called Titius-Bode rule or Bode rule, which can by no means be considered as a stochastic event. This rule shows that the distance of the planets from the sun in Solar system is regulated. Here, I prove that the existence of a standing and cosine wave packet in solar system, with the wavelength λ = 0.6 AU (AU represents the distance of earth from the sun), is the reason for Bode rule. And moreover, I prove that this huge wave packet belongs to the sun. In this Article, based on the solar system wave function, we will enter into the atomic field and arrive to a new atomic model that helps us to describe many phenomena such as the normal Zeeman effect.
Vasopressin Promoter Transgenic and Vasopressin Gene-Edited Ascidian, Ciona intestinalis Type A (Ciona robusta): Innervation, Gene Expression Profiles, and Phenotypes
Authors: Kawada Tsuyoshi , Shiraishi Akira , Matsubara Shin , Hozumi Akiko , Horie Takeo , Sasakura Yasunori , Satake Honoo
Published: May 2021

Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) superfamily neuropeptides are distributed in not only vertebrates but also diverse invertebrates. However, no VPergic innervation of invertebrates has ever been documented. In the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis Type A (Ciona robusta), an OT/VP superfamily peptide was identified, and the Ciona vasopressin (CiVP) induces oocyte maturation and ovulation. In the present study, we characterize the innervation and phenotypes of genetically modified Ciona: CiVP promoter-Venus transgenic and CiVP mutants. CiVP promoter-Venus transgenic Ciona demonstrated that CiVP gene was highly expressed in the cerebral ganglion and several nerves. Fluorescence was also detected in the ovary of young CiVP promoter-Venus transgenic ascidians, suggesting that the CiVP gene is also expressed temporarily in the ovary of young ascidians. Furthermore, a marked decrease of post-vitellogenic (stage III) follicles was observed in the ovary of CiVP mutants, whereas pre-vitellogenic (stage I) and vitellogenic (stage II) follicles were increased in the mutant ovary, compared with that of wildtype Ciona. Gene expression profiles showed that the expression of various genes, including genes related to ovarian follicle growth, was altered in the ovary of CiVP mutants. Altogether, these results indicated that CiVP, mainly as a neuropeptide, plays pivotal roles in diverse biological functions, including growth of early-stage ovarian follicles via regulation of the expression of a wide variety of genes. This is the first report describing a VP gene promoter-transgenic and VP gene-edited invertebrate and also on its gene expression profiles and phenotypes.
Exosomes From Packed Red Cells Induce Human Mast Cell Activation and the Production of Multiple Inflammatory Mediators
Authors: Fang Xiaobin , Li Jingyi , Hao Xuechao , Zhang Weiyi , Zhong Jie , Zhu Tao , Liao Ren
Published: May 2021

Most blood transfusion-related adverse reactions involve the immunologic responses of recipients to exogenous blood components. Extracellular vesicles isolated from packed red cells can affect the recipient’s immune system. Mast cells are traditionally known as effector cells for allergic transfusion reactions. However, growing evidence supports the notion that activated mast cells might disturb host innate immunologic responses. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle. To determine the effect of exosomes on mast cells, we enriched exosomes derived from volunteer plasma (EXs-nor) and packed red cells (EXs-RBCs) using ultracentrifugation and incubated them with a human mast cell line (HMC-1). We found that EXs-RBC exposure increased the expression of tryptase-1 and prostaglandin D2, the production of multiple inflammatory mediators, and the levels of Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3) and phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in HMC-1 cells. MAPK inhibitors (SB203580, PD98059, and SP600125) and a TLR-3/dsRNA complex inhibitor reduced the EXs-RBC-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in HMC-1 cells, whereas the TLR-3 agonist [poly (A:U)] elevated the production of these mediators. These results indicate that EXs-RBCs activate HMC-1 cells and elicit the production of multiple inflammatory mediators, partlyviathe TLR-3 and MAPK pathways. Mast cells activated by EXs-RBCs exhibit complex inflammatory properties and might play a potential role in transfusion-related adverse reactions.
Half-Life of Biodegradable Plastics in the Marine Environment Depends on Material, Habitat, and Climate Zone
Authors: Lott Christian , Eich Andreas , Makarow Dorothée , Unger Boris , van Eekert Miriam , Schuman Els , Reinach Marco Segre , Lasut Markus T. , Weber Miriam
Published: May 2021

The performance of the biodegradable plastic materials polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polybutylene sebacate (PBSe) and polybutylene sebacate co-terephthalate (PBSeT), and of polyethylene (LDPE) was assessed under marine environmental conditions in a three-tier approach. Biodegradation lab tests (20°C) were complemented by mesocosm tests (20°C) with natural sand and seawater and by field tests in the warm-temperate Mediterranean Sea (12–30°C) and in tropical Southeast Asia (29°C) in three typical coastal scenarios. Plastic film samples were exposed in the eulittoral beach, the pelagic open water and the benthic seafloor and their disintegration monitored over time. We used statistical modeling to predict the half-life for each of the materials under the different environmental conditions to render the experimental results numerically comparable across all experimental conditions applied. The biodegradation performance of the materials differed by orders of magnitude depending on climate, habitat and material and revealed the impreciseness to generically term a material “marine biodegradable.” The half-life t0.5 of a film of PHB with 85 μm thickness ranged from 54 days on the seafloor in SE Asia to 1,247 days in mesocosm pelagic tests. t0.5 for PBSe (25 μm) ranged from 99 days in benthic SE Asia to 2,614 days in mesocosm benthic tests, and for PBSeT t0.5 ranged from 147 days in the mesocosm eulittoral to 797 days in Mediterranean benthic field tests. For LDPE no biodegradation could be observed. These data can now be used to estimate the persistence of plastic objects should they end up in the marine environments considered here and will help to inform the life cycle (impact) assessment of plastics in the open environment.
Placebo Effects in the Context of Religious Beliefs and Practices: A Resting-State Functional Connectivity Study
Authors: Schienle Anne , Gremsl Andreas , Wabnegger Albert
Published: May 2021

Background: Placebos (inert substances or procedures) can positively influence a person’s psychological and physical well-being, which is accompanied by specific changes in brain activity. There are many different types of placebos with different effects on health-related variables. This study investigated placebo effects in the context of religious beliefs and practices. The participants received an inert substance (tap water) along with the verbal suggestion that the water would come from the sanctuary in Lourdes (a major Catholic pilgrimage site with reports of miracle cures). We investigated changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in three brain networks (default-mode, salience, cognitive control) associated with the drinking of the placebo water.

Methods: A total of 37 females with the belief that water from the sanctuary in Lourdes has positive effects on their spiritual, emotional, and physical well-being participated in this placebo study with two sessions. The participants drank tap water that was labeled “Lourdes water” (placebo) before a 15-min resting-state scan in one session. In the other (control) session, they received tap water labeled as tap water. The participants rated their affective state (valence, arousal) during the session and were interviewed concerning specific thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations directly after each of the two sessions.

Results: The placebo reduced rsFC in the frontoparietal cognitive control network and increased rsFC in the salience network (insular-cerebellar connectivity). During the session, the participants rated their affective state as very pleasant and calm. The ratings did not differ between the two conditions. Immediately after the session, the participants reported increased intensity of pleasant bodily sensations (e.g., feelings of warmth, tingling) and feelings (e.g., gratefulness) for the “Lourdes water” condition.

Conclusions: The present findings provide the first evidence that placebos in the context of religious beliefs and practices can change the experience of emotional salience and cognitive control which is accompanied by connectivity changes in the associated brain networks.
EAAT5 Glutamate Transporter-Mediated Inhibition in the Vertebrate Retina
Authors: Lukasiewcz Peter D. , Bligard Gregory W. , DeBrecht James D.
Published: May 2021

Glutamate transporters typically remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft. In addition, all glutamate transporters have a chloride channel, which is opened upon glutamate binding to the transporter. There are five types of glutamate transporter (EAATs 1–5, excitatory amino acid transporters), which have distinct chloride conductances. Some EAATs that have low chloride conductances, remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft most effectively (e.g., EAAT1). By contrast, EAATs that have high chloride conductances, remove glutamate less effectively (e.g., EAAT5). We have studied EAAT5 in the retina. In the retina, light activates a chloride current, mediated by the glutamate activation of EAAT5. EAAT5 is not a significant contributor to lateral inhibition in the retina. Instead, it is the main source of autoinhibition to rod bipolar cells (RBCs). EAAT5-mediated inhibition has a substantial effect on synaptic transmission from RBCs to downstream retinal neurons.
Phase-Dependent Crossed Inhibition Mediating Coordination of Anti-phase Bilateral Rhythmic Movement: A Mini Review
Authors: Hiraoka Koichi
Published: May 2021

The activity of the left and right central pattern generators (CPGs) is efficiently coordinated during locomotion. To achieve this coordination, the interplay between the CPG controlling one leg and that controlling another must be present. Previous findings in aquatic vertebrates and mammalians suggest that the alternate activation of the left and right CPGs is mediated by the commissural interneurons crossing the midline of the spinal cord. Especially, V0 commissural interneurons mediate crossed inhibition during the alternative activity of the left and right CPGs. Even in humans, phase-dependent modulation of the crossed afferent inhibition during gait has been reported. Based on those previous findings, crossed inhibition of the CPG in one leg side caused by the activation of the contralateral CPG is a possible mechanism underlying the coordination of the anti-phase rhythmic movement of the legs. It has been hypothesized that the activity of the flexor half center in the CPG inhibits the contralateral flexor half center, but crossed inhibition of the extensor half center is not present because of the existence of the double limb support during gait. Nevertheless, previous findings on the phase-dependent crossed inhibition during anti-phase bilateral movement of the legs are not in line with this hypothesis. For example, extensor activity caused crossed inhibition of the flexor half center during bilateral cycling of the legs. In another study, the ankle extensor was inhibited at the period switching from extension to flexion during anti-phase rhythmic movement of the ankles. In this review article, I provide a critical discussion about crossed inhibition mediating the coordination of the anti-phase bilateral rhythmic movement of the legs.
M1-Type, but Not M4-Type, Melanopsin Ganglion Cells Are Physiologically Tuned to the Central Circadian Clock
Authors: Stinchcombe Adam R. , Hu Caiping , Walch Olivia J. , Faught Samuel D. , Wong Kwoon Y. , Forger Daniel B.
Published: May 2021

Proper circadian photoentrainment is crucial for the survival of many organisms. In mammals, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) can use the photopigment melanopsin to sense light independently from rod and cone photoreceptors and send this information to many brain nuclei such as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the site of the central circadian pacemaker. Here, we measure ionic currents and develop mathematical models of the electrical activity of two types of ipRGCs: M1, which projects to the SCN, and M4, which does not. We illustrate how their ionic properties differ, mainly how ionic currents generate lower spike rates and depolarization block in M1 ipRGCs. Both M1 and M4 cells have large geometries and project to higher visual centers of the brain via the optic nerve. Using a partial differential equation model, we show how axons of M1 and M4 cells faithfully convey information from the soma to the synapse even when the signal at the soma is attenuated due to depolarization block. Finally, we consider an ionic model of circadian photoentrainment from ipRGCs synapsing on SCN neurons and show how the properties of M1 ipRGCs are tuned to create accurate transmission of visual signals from the retina to the central pacemaker, whereas M4 ipRGCs would not evoke nearly as efficient a postsynaptic response. This work shows how ipRGCs and SCN neurons' electrical activities are tuned to allow for accurate circadian photoentrainment.
A Novel Smart Motor Imagery Intention Human-Computer Interaction Model Using Extreme Learning Machine and EEG Signals
Authors: Gu Yi , Hua Lei
Published: May 2021

The brain is the central nervous system that governs human activities. However, in modern society, more and more diseases threaten the health of the brain and nerves and spinal cord, making the human brain unable to conduct normal information interaction with the outside world. The rehabilitation training of the brain-computer interface can promote the nerve repair of the sensorimotor cortex in patients with brain diseases. Therefore, the research of brain-computer interface for motor imaging is of great significance for patients with brain diseases to restore motor function. Due to the characteristics of non-stationary, nonlinear, and individual differences of EEG signals, there are still many difficulties in the analysis and classification of EEG signals at this stage. In this study, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model was used to classify motor-imaging EEG signals, identify the user’s intention, and control external devices. Considering that single-modal features cannot represent the core information, this study uses a fusion feature that combines temporal and spatial features as the final feature data. The fusion features are input to the trained ELM classifier, and the final classification result is obtained. Two sets of BCI competition data in the BCI competition public database are used to verify the validity of the model. The experimental results show that the ELM model has achieved a classification accuracy of 0.7832 in the classification task of Data Sets IIb, which is higher than other comparison algorithms, and shows universal applicability among different subjects. In addition, the average recognition rate of this model in the Data Sets IIIa classification task reaches 0.8347, which has obvious advantages compared with the comparative classification algorithm. The classification effect is smaller than the classification effect obtained by the champion algorithm of the same project, which has certain reference value.
Resistance Profile of Osimertinib in Pre-treated Patients With EGFR T790M-Mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fernandes Maria Gabriela O. , Sousa Catarina , Jacob Maria , Almeida Leonor , Santos Vanessa , Araújo David , Novais Bastos Hélder , Magalhães Adriana , Cirnes Luís , Moura Conceição Souto , Queiroga Henrique , Cruz-Martins Natália , Hespanhol Venceslau
Published: May 2021

Background: Osimertinib efficacy in pre-treated patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated in clinical trials, but real-world data, particularly regarding resistance profile, remains limited. This study aims to analyze the resistance mechanisms acquired after treatment with Osimertinib.

Methods: Clinical outcomes and molecular results from re-biopsies at the time of osimertinib progression of EGFR T790M-mutated NSCLC patient were analyzed.

Results: Twenty-one patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma were included [median 69 years; 57.1% female; 85.7% never-smokers; 23.8% ECOG performance status (PS) ≥2]. Median PFS and OS were 13.4 (95% CI: 8.0–18.9) and 26.4 (95% IC: 8.9–43.8) months, respectively. At the time of analysis, 10 patients had tumor progression (47.6%). T790M loss occurred in 50%, being associated with earlier progression (median PFS 8.1 vs. 21.4 months, p = 0.011). Diverse molecular alterations were identified, including C797S mutation (n = 1), PIK3CA mutation (n = 2), MET amplification (n = 1), CTNNB1 mutation (n = 1), and DCTN1-ALK fusion (n = 1). Histological transformation into small cell carcinoma occurred in one patient.

Conclusions: This real-world life study highlights the relevance of re-biopsy at the time of disease progression, contributing to understand resistance mechanisms and to guide treatment strategies.
What Makes Mental Modeling Difficult? Normative Data for the Multidimensional Relational Reasoning Task
Authors: Cortes Robert A. , Weinberger Adam B. , Colaizzi Griffin A. , Porter Grace F. , Dyke Emily L. , Keaton Holly O. , Walker Dakota L. , Green Adam E.
Published: May 2021

Relational reasoning is a complex form of human cognition involving the evaluation of relations between mental representations of information. Prior studies have modified stimulus properties of relational reasoning problems and examined differences in difficulty between different problem types. While subsets of these stimulus properties have been addressed in separate studies, there has not been a comprehensive study, to our knowledge, which investigates all of these properties in the same set of stimuli. This investigative gap has resulted in different findings across studies which vary in task design, making it challenging to determine what stimulus properties make relational reasoning—and the putative formation of mental models underlying reasoning—difficult. In this article, we present the Multidimensional Relational Reasoning Task (MRRT), a task which systematically varied an array of stimulus properties within a single set of relational reasoning problems. Using a mixed-effects framework, we demonstrate that reasoning problems containing a greater number of the premises as well as multidimensional relations led to greater task difficulty. The MRRT has been made publicly available for use in future research, along with normative data regarding the relative difficulty of each problem.
Earthworms and Their Role in Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Ganault Pierre , Delmotte Sacha , Duhamet Agnès , Lextrait Gaëlle , Capowiez Yvan
Published: May 2021

The mass of all earthworms living on our planet is greater than the mass of any other terrestrial animal species. There are over 7,000 species of earthworms, and they are involved in many processes that keep soils healthy and help plants to grow, which makes them extremely important organisms to study. The activity of earthworms also stimulates the growth of bacteria, both in the soil and in their guts. Some studies have suggested that these bacteria might increase greenhouse gas emissions, particularly the gases carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide that contribute to global warming. So, are earthworms good or bad for the environment, overall? This article will describe the experiments that can be used to study the links between earthworms and greenhouse gas production, as well as the limitations of these experiments. The effects of earthworms on soil processes are very complex and therefore scientifically challenging, important, and exciting.