bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Produtividade, variação da eficiência técnica e tecnológica na agricultura dos municípios cearences
Authors: Cerqueira Araújo William Bruno , Araujo Jair Andrade
Published: March 2017

O artigo analisa a produtividade total, a eficiência técnica e a variação tecnológica do valor total da produção agrícola dos municípios cearenses no período entre 1970 a 2006, e utiliza o índice de produtividade total de Malmquist e o modelo de fronteira de produção estocástica. Verifica-se que o aumento dos investimentos pode contribuir para a redução das ineficiências técnicas na agricultura.
Aldeia Bálsamo, Rochedo, MS: olhar de um filho seu
Authors: Figueiredo Gleison Vasconcelos
Published: March 2017

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Processos de territorialidade Kaingang envolvendo a Terra Indígena Jamã Tÿ Tãnh, Estrela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Silva Juciane Beatriz Sehn da , Laroque Luís Fernando da Silva , Neto Ernesto Pereira Bastos
Published: March 2017

O território compreendido entre os atuais estados brasileiros de São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul e a Província de Misiones, na Argentina, pertence tradicionalmente ao povo Kaingang. Sempre fez parte da lógica Kaingang a movimentação pelo seu tradicional território a fim de desenvolver suas atividades de subsistência material e de reprodução social. A trajetória do grupo que atualmente constitui a Terra Indígena Jamã Tÿ Tãnh, localizada no município de Estrela, insere-se nessa lógica de movimentação espacial, através da qual existe uma relação de pertencimento com o espaço ocupado, na medida em que seus antepassados passaram pelo Vale do Taquari e, nesse espaço, deixaram as marcas de sua ocupação. O objetivo deste estudo será discutir os processos de territorialidade, sentidos e práticas pelos quais o grupo da Terra Indígena Jamã Tÿ Tãnh tem firmando sua relação de pertencimento com o atual espaço ocupado. Para tanto, o evento da duplicação da BR 386 que afeta diretamente o grupo em questão, trará importantes possibilidades de análise da questão estudada. Há toda uma relação de pertencimento dos Kaingang da Terra Indígena Jamã Tÿ Tãnh a essa região conhecida como Vale do Taquari, e o fato de ocuparem espaços em contextos urbanos e estabelecerem nele uma aldeia fixa não restringe suas tradicionais movimentações que sempre fizeram para satisfazer suas necessidades físicas e culturais. Palavras-chave: Kaingang; movimentação espacial; reconhecimento; territorialidade.
Intestinal Parasites Infection in AIDS Patients with Chronic Diarrhea at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Prasetyo R. Heru
Published: March 2017

One of the mayor health problems among HIV-infected patients is opportunistic infection due to the defect of immunity. A cross sectional study was showed current the prevalence of intestinal parasites infection in AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea were being treated at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya during the period June 2007 to May 2008. Fecal samples were collected from 122 AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea. Samples were examined for intestinal parasites using modified acid fast stain. Ninety-seven (79.5%) of the 122 were found to have intestinal parasitic infections, Entamoeba histolytica (61.5%; 75/122), Cryptosporidium (52.5%; 64/122), Giardia lamblia (5.73%; 7/122), and Trichuris trichiura (0,82%; 1/122). This study shows that parasitic infections are important clinical complications in AIDS patients in Surabaya Indonesia
The Fluctuation of Aedes Aegypti in Endemic Area of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Surabaya City, Indonesia
Authors: Yotopranoto Subagyo , Kusmartisnawati Kusmartisnawati , Mulyatno Kris Cahyo , Arwati Heny
Published: March 2017

This research was aimed to describe the density pattern and the fluctuation of Aedes aegypti larval based on the season in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) endemic area in Surabaya city. The population of the research was the house of people together with its breeding sites either inside and outside the house. The 55 houses were randomly chosen in 11 RWs in Nginden Subdistrict. The sample of this research was Aedes aegypti larva obtained from its breeding sites. The sample sizes were all of the larval in the containers existed in the chosen houses. The samples of the larval were taken and carried for identification and documentation of the species. This research was applied in the same houses in January, March, and May 2008 in rainy season. The results indicated that the highest larval index occurred in January with House Index (HI) 76.8%, Container Index (CI) 40.5%, and Breteau Index (BI) 137.5%. There was a decrease in March with HI 63.3%, CI 31.3%, and BI 92.7%. It continued to decrease in May with HI 42.6%, CI 21.1%, and BI 57.4%. All of those larval indices in the three observed months showed a high percentage of larval which was much higher than the safe limit or the critical threshold (5%) as defined by WHO. It implied that people in Nginden Subdistrict were threaten by the infection of DHF. The three indices achieved the peak in January, which was also the peak of the rainy season. It gradually decreased in March and May as the rainy season decreased its intensity of rain. Larval Density Index (LDI) also showed a high value. There were 173 larval/house in January, 187 larval/house in March, and 84.8 larval/house in May. The containers or breeding sites of Aedes were mostly found in January then their existences gradually decreased in March and May. Traditional bath tub was the most productive container inside the house, while drum and bucket were the most productive containers outside the house. Other containers which contributed abundance of larval were refrigerator, flower pot, well, and PDAM meter box.
Mycobacterium leprae in Daily Water Resources of Inhabitants Who Live in Leprosy Endemic Area of East Java
Authors: Wahyuni Ratna , Adriaty Dinar , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita S. , Agusni Indropo , Izumi Shinzo
Published: March 2017

Leprosy still a health problem in Indonesia, where many leprosy pocket areas still persists, especially in the eastern part of the country. Although the program of WHO – Multidrug Therapy (MDT) regiment has been conducted elsewhere since 1980s, only the prevalence can be reduced but not the incidence of new leprosy cases. Theoretically after the source of leprosy (the infectious leprosy cases) has been treated, no more transmission of the disease and should be no more new leprosy cases will be found. To explain this phenomenon, the non-human resource of M.leprae became a new topic of debates, especially the existence of bacteria in the environment. A field study of the existence of M.leprae in the environment of leprosy endemic area had been conducted in a leprosy endemic area of the northern part of East Java. The aim of the study is to find any correlation of the existence of these bacteria in the environment with the presence of leprosy patients who live in that area, in order to study its role in the transmission of the disease. Ninety water samples from wells in the house of inhabitants who live in one endemic sub district were collected. The owner of the well was interviewed whether any leprosy patients who routinely use the water for their daily life activities. Water samples were examined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method to detect M.leprae DNA, using the LpF-LpR and Lp3-Lp4 nested primers (99bp). The PCR results showed positive band for M.leprae in 22 out of 90 (24%) water samples. Water samples from wells that used by leprosy patients showed positive PCR in 11/48 (23%), while 11 out of 42 (26%) water samples from wells that never been used by leprosy cases showed positive result. Statistically there was no difference (p>0.05) in the positivity of M.leprae between the two groups. It was concluded that the existence of M.leprae in the daily water resource was not correlated with the present of leprosy cases in the area. Possible symbiosis between protozoan and mycobacterium in the environment were discussed.
Antibiotic Resistance Control Program in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in 2006–2007
Authors: Andarsini Mia Ratwita , Ugrasena I Dewa Gede , Permono Bambang
Published: March 2017

Antibiotic resistance has been increasing since the first years of the clinical usage. It caused by inappropriate usage and uncontrol of antibiotic drugs. Therfore an Antibiotic Resistance Control Program (ARCP) is needed to overcome the problem. The purpose of this study is to know microorganism pattern and evaluate antibiotic use. Phase 1 (before ARCP), retrospective study by medical record of pediatric hematology-oncology patients with suspision of infection and admitted at dr Soetomo Hospital from June–August 2006 was carried out. Phase 2 (during ARCP), a prospective observational study was done from November 2006 to January 2007. We were evaluated the isolated microorganism, quantity of antibiotic were determined by Defined Daily Doses (DDD)/100 patients-days, quality of antibiotics usage were assessed with Glyssen classification, and the cost calculation of antibiotic therapy. Twenty seven patients were enrolled in phase 1 and 28 patients in phase 2. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Acinetobacter Sp as isolated microorganism was reported. Phase 1, the most sensitive antibiotic was Cefoperazone-Sulbactam and the most resistant was Penicillin G. Phase 2, Meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic and Cotrimoxazole was the most resistant antibiotic. The use of antibiotics were decreased 6 vs 12 and DDD/100 patients-days were 14.52 vs 45.04. There were improving of Glyssen classification. The cost calculation of antibiotics therapy were decreased. ARCP can improve antibiotic use in pediatric hematology-oncology patients.
CHARACTERIzATION of CD4 + T LYMPHOCYTE FROM BONE MAROW STEM CELL USING INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESENCE FOR HIV & AIDS TREATMENT
Authors: Purwati Purwati , Nasronudin Nasronudin , Rantam Fedik Abdul
Published: March 2017

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). At the beginning of infection, gp120 virus interacts with CD4 receptor at the surface of the target cell. The interaction between gp120 and CD4 leads to the occurrence of the binding of specific chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CCR5, which are also present on the membrane of the target cell. Therefore, CCR5 and CXCR4 also determine the fate of the target cell. It is the performance of CCR5 and CXCR4, guided by controlling gene that determines susceptibility or resistance to HIV infection. Coding gene CCR5 may mutate to become protective or resistant against HIV infection. In homozygote individuals, it tends to be resistant against infection, while in heterozygote individuals it tends to be susceptible to HIV infection. Objective: To characterize TCD4 lymphocyte in the next that is resistant against HIV infection by using gene therapy deletion 32 CCR5 to use for HIV & AIDS treatment. Method: Sample collection, mononucleated cell collection, lymphocyte culture, CD4 identification, CCR5 variance analysis, co-cultivation with PBMC HIV and comparison to control. Result: This study was performed in several steps, such as mononucleated cell isolation, followed with cell culture, lymphocyte purification, lymphocyte and CD4 expression identification. Conclusion: Lymphocyte T CD4 had been mature after seven passages, once passage is about 5 days so for maturity lymphocyte T CD4 need 35 days and that cell as be candidate to resistant against HIV infection by using gene therapy deletion 32 CCR5 to use for HIV & AIDS treatment.
THE MI GRAI NE- VERTI GO- PERI ODONTAL DI SEASE CONNECTION: EVIDENCE-BASED CASE AND VERIFICATION IN AN ANIMAL STUDY
Authors: Utomo Haryono
Published: March 2017

Recently, two CNS disorders, migraine and anxiety have been recognized as being commonly associated with dizziness (Vertigo).These associations may be an expression of an etiological relationship, for example, dizziness caused by migraine, or dizziness causedby anxiety and termed as MARD. Chronic dizziness may become more disabling during the added stress of a migraine headache orpanic attack. In addition, dizziness occurred comorbidly with both migraine headache and anxiety disorders. Even though the etiologyof migraine had been suggested from trigeminal nerve sensitivity and neurogenic inflammation, its linking to periodontal disease thatinnervated by the same nerve was still uncertain. However, an animal study revealed that Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharidestimulation was able to increase neurogenic inflammation. A male patient suffered with symptoms mimicking MARD for years andconcomitantly had chronic periodontitis. Scaling and root planning combined with the assisted drainage therapy resulted in instantdisappearing of most of the symptoms. This case report is to propose the mechanism of periodontal disease involvement in theetiopathogenesis of migraine and vertigo which could be treated with periodontal treatment. Regarding to remarkable result, it wasconcluded that periodontal disease could be a source of neurogenic and immunogenic inflammation which if not treated periodicallycould perpetuate symptoms mimicking MARD.
EXPRESSION OF b-XYLOSIDASE ENCODING GENE IN PHIS/ Bacillus megaterium MS SYSTEM
Authors: Sumarsih Sri
Published: March 2017

b-Xylosidase encoding gene from G. thermoleovorans IT-08 had been expressed in the pHIS1525/ B. megaterium MS941 system. The b-xylosidase gene (xyl) was inserted into plasmid pHIS1525 and propagated in E. coli DH10b. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into B. megaterium MS941 by protoplast transformation. Transformants were selected by growing the recombinant cells on solid LB medium containing tetracycline (10 µg/ ml). The expression of the b-xylosidase gene was assayed by overlaid the recombinant B. megaterium MS941 cell with agar medium containing 0.2% ethylumbelliferyl-b-D-xyloside (MUX). This research showed that the b-xylosidase gene was succesfully sub-cloned in pHIS1525 system and expressed by the recombinant B. megaterium MS941. Theaddition of 0.5% xylose into the culture medium could increase the activity of recombinantactivity of recombinant of recombinantb-xylosidase by 2.74 fold. The recombinant B. megaterium MS941 secreted 75.56% of the expressed b-xylosidase into culture medium. The crude extract b-xylosidase showed the optimum activity at 50° C and pH 6. The recombinant b-xylosidase was purified from culture supernatant by affinity chromatographic method using agarose containing Ni-NTA (Nickel-Nitrilotriacetic acid). The pure b-xylosidase showed a specific activity of 10.06 Unit/mg protein and relative molecular weight ± 58 kDa.
USING LEARNING VECTOR QUANTIZATION METHOD FOR AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Purwanti Endah , Widiyanti Prihartini
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we are developing an automated method for the detection of tubercle bacilli in clinical specimens, principally the sputum. This investigation is the first attempt to automatically identify TB bacilli in sputum using image processing and learning vector quantization (LVQ) techniques. The evaluation of the learning vector quantization (LVQ) was carried out on Tuberculosis dataset show that average of accuracy is 91,33%.
THE UVEITIS – PERIODONTAL DISEASE CONNECTION IN PREGNANCY: CONTROVERSY BETWEEN MYTH AND REALITY
Authors: Sutedjo Widyawati , Prahasanthi Chiquita , Utomo Daniel Haryono
Published: March 2017

Background: Recently, It had been recognized that oral infection, especially periodontal disease are potential contributing factors to a variety of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, pregnancy problem, diabetes mellitus type 2, etc. However, the adverse effect of periodontal disease toward uveitis still not clearly understood especially if happens during pregnancy. Interestingly, in Indonesia, there is still a myth that pregnant women should not get any dental treatment, therefore, it may deteriorate periodontal disease during pregnancy. Purpose: to explain the possible connection between periodontal disease and uveitis and increasethe awareness of these problems during pregnancy that could be understood by doctor and laymen. Reviews: literatures revealed that dental infection can caused uveitis via metastatic spread of toxin and inflammatory mediators. Additionaly, more recent investigation reported that the neural system may also stimulated by oral infection. In the orofacial regions there's trigeminal nerve complex that also related to the orbital region, thus may also involved in the uveitis pathogenesis. The effects of periodonto pathogens toxins towardimmunocompetent cell and nerves had also been reported by researcher. Moreover, pregnant women are more susceptible to periodontal disease, therefore maintaining oral hygiene and dental monitoring is a mandatory.Conclusion: in woman who susceptible to uveitis, periodontal disease may exacerbate the symptoms especially in pregnancy. Therefore simple explanation about connection of oral infection-systemic diseases especially in pregnancy should be widespread among Indonesian people.
MODERN WOUND DRESSING FOR WOUND INFECTION: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Rizani Novida
Published: March 2017

When the tissue of skin is break means a wound is happens. To seal it, many choices of wound healing are available. Moist wound dressing can be better optional than the conservative ones. A bioactive agent that being added at the dressing in fact can increase healing rate of wound, moreover can subjugate wound infection caused by the pathogens, and also capable to prevent it. In this review, there are summary of modern moist wound healing, the wound pathogens, and some of sturdy bioactive agent for wound dressing. The treatment of wound infections using impregnated wound dressing by bioactive agent can also by antimicrobial agent that will striven against bacteria colonial.
TUBERCULOSIS COUNTER (TC) AS THE EQUIPMENT TO MEASURE THE LEVEL OF TB IN SPUTUM
Authors: Purwanda Fendy , Fibriawan Yufan , Sasmito Dyar , Rahmawati Fatkhunisa , Widiyanti Prihartini
Published: March 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is the third killer disease aftercardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases, and is also he number one killer disease in a group of infectious diseases. This is partly due to the late handling and a non real time detection, both of which will inhibit the therapy which yields a large numberof microorganisms in the body, and will eventually complicate the recovery. Based on this phenomenon, we offered an alternativesolution for detecting the sum of microorganism using Tuberculosis Counter, a tool used to count the number of Tuberculosis bacteria in the patient's sputum. Technically, the patient's sputum preparat was screened using the TCS230 color sensor that was able to filter the color of the preparat. Tuberculosis bacteria in the stained sputum Ziehl-Niellsen preparat was colored red, while the other was colored blue. By utilizing these optical phenomena, the TCS230 color sensor was supposed to filter the red color in the preparat. By using regression equation measurement, we gained the equation which then correlated the bit value as an output of the sensor with the number of Tuberculosis bacteria. Then, the digitalization process yielded the real time and accurate data of Tuberculosis bacteria.
DAPSONE RESISTANCE IN A Mycobacterium leprae ISOLATE WITH TWO POINT MUTATIONS IN folP GENE FROM A LEPROSY PATIENT
Authors: Ardiaty Dinar , Wahyuni Ratna , Prakoeswa Cita , Abdullah Rasyidin , Agusni Indropo , Izumi Shinzo
Published: March 2017

Drug resistance in leprosy is important for Leprosy Control Program, since the WHO-Multidrug regiment (MDT) has been used for global treatment of leprosy for more than two decades already. A Dapsone resistance case in a Multibacillary (MB) leprosy case is reported. The patient was diagnosed and treated in Tajuddin Chalid Hospital Makassar, South Sulawesi. Previously he was treated in a health center at South Sulawesi and was given a treatment for one year, before referred to the hospital. The leprosy skin lesions are still active with erythematous skin lesions and thickened ear lobe. Bacteriological examination was positive for Acid Fast Bacilli, the Bacterial Index was 3+ and the Morphological Index was 1%. The specimens of M.leprae isolation was sent to the Institute of Tropical Disease Surabaya for drug resistance study. Using the Lp1-2 and Lp3-4 nested primers, PCR test was positive for M.leprae.Sequencing result for folP gene showed a double mutation at codon 53 (ACC / Threonin ) which become (AGG / Arginine). Simultaneous mutation at two nucleotides at one codon has never been reported in Indonesia before and this phenomenon is important for leprosy control policy.
UPDATE MANAGEMENT DENGUE SHOCK SYNDROME IN PEDIATRIC CASES
Authors: Soegijanto Soegeng , Chilvia Eva
Published: March 2017

Background: Since 1968 Dengue Virus Infection has been found in Indonesia, especially at Surabaya and Jakarta city. Firstly management of dengue virus infection very difficult to improve, therefore the higher mortality nearly 41,4% had been found but on the following years in five decades the mortality rates was becoming to decrease until 1,27% on 2011. Aim: To find the new management of Dengue Shock Syndrome to reach the lower fatality rate below 1%. Method: Until now to manage Dengue Shock Syndrome is very difficult, some cases can be improved but the other lost due to the late coming in the hospital and not involved in criteria diagnosis base on WHO 1997. To solve this problem WHO 2009 had made new criteria diagnosis Dengue Virus Infection focusing on early detection of severe Dengue Virus Infection especially Dengue Shock Syndrome. Result: On 2011 WHO had made an integrated criteria diagnosis base on WHO 2009 and WHO 1997. These criteria was focusing in Update management of Dengue Shock Syndrome in Pediatric Cases. Based on this action, this paper will improve clinical management to reach the lower mortality of Dengue Shock Syndrome in Community until CFR < 1%. Conclusion: By using integrated criteria of WHO 2009 and 1997, update management of Dengue Shock Syndrome in Pediatric cases, can improve clinical management to reach the lower mortality in community until CFR < 1%.
AWARENESS OF USING RINGER LACTAT SOLUTION IN DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION CASES COULD INDUCE SEVERITY
Authors: Soegijanto Soegeng , Sari Desiana W. , Yamanaka Atsushi , Kotaki Tomohiro , Kameoka Masanori , Konishi Eiji
Published: March 2017

Background: In 2012, serotype of Dengue Virus had changed from Den-2 and Den-3 to Den-1. In 5–10 years ago, serotype of Den-1 case showed a mild clinical manifestation; but now as a primary case it can also show severe clinical manifestation. One of indicator is an increasing liver enzyme, AST and ALT, with level more than 100–200 U/L. Aim: To getting a better solutions for this problem. Method: Obsevasional Study had been done in medical faculty of Airlangga University (Dr. Soetomo and Soerya hospital) Surabaya on Mei–August 2012. There were 10 cases of dengue virus infection were studied, 5 cases got Ringer Acetate solution (Group A) and 5 cases got Ringer Lactate solution (Group B). The diagnosis was based on criteria WHO 2009. Result: Five cases of Dengue Virus Infection had showed a liver damage soon after using Ringer Lactate solution; AST and ALT were increasing more than 100–200 U/L; but the other 5 cases showed better condition. It might be due to use Ringer Acetate that did not have effect for inducing liver damage. By managing carefully, all of the cases had shown full recovery and healthy condition when being discharged. Conclusion: Using Ringer Acetate as fluid therapy in Dengue Virus Infection is better to prevent liver damage than using Ringer Lactate.
QUICK DIAGNOSIS OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS FOR NEW DIAGNOSED EMERGING DISEASE USING PCR TECHNIQUE IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA
Authors: Matondang Muhammad Qushai Y. , Nasronudin Nasronudin , Aksono Eduardus Bimo , Lusida Maria Inge , Nastri Aldise Mareta , Fajar Nur Syamsiatul , Jannah Lilis Mundri
Published: March 2017

Background: Japanese enchepalitis (JE) is a viral disease that considered as zoonotic disease, which transmitted through mosquito vectors that had JE virus. Mainly caused by the mosquito C. Tritaeniorhynchus (the most important vector is the mosquito Culex, which feeds on cattle in preference to human). JE virus disease can also cause disturbances in the central nervous system eg. brain, bone marrow, and meninges which has serious impact on public health. This disease has been reported from Japan, Korea, Taiwan, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Western Pacific and Southeast Asia to Indonesia. However, the incidence of this disease in Indonesia has not been well known in various animal species or humans. Aim: The purpose of this study is to develop rapid diagnostic examinations on patient diagnosed JE virus in Surabaya by using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Because, JE disease can lead to dead-end at the patient if not treated immediately. Method: The research methods, extraction method, PCR (1st RT-PCR and 2nd Nested PCR) are conducted using Japanese encephalitis PCR detection kit. Result: The results of the examination showed that 2 out of 17 people (11,765%) are positive with PCR bands 227 bp (basepair). This diagnostic technique to determine and to deal with early onset of the disease. Solutions for preventive actions can be started from the termination of the cycle vectors to vaccination measures. Conclusion: For his own medical factors given to reduce fever and swelling and reduce the pain.
Bacterial Colony In The Ventilator Circuit Of The Intensive Observation Unit at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
Authors: Philia Philia
Published: March 2017

ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) adalah infeksi nosokomial tersering di unit perawatan intensif dan berperan besar sebagai penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas. Ventilasi mekanik merupakan bagian penting dari unit perawatan intensif atau Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Namun demikian, ventilasi mekanik berhubungan dengan resiko terjadinya ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Hubungan antara ventilasi mekanik dan kejadian pneumonia sudah dianggap sebagai suatu fakta, namun demikian bukti ilmiah untuk mendukung pernyataan ini  masih kurang. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti mencoba menganalisa pertumbuhan koloni bakteri pada sirkuit ventilasi  mekanik pada penderita yang mendapat bantuan ventilasi mekanik di Ruang Observasi Intensif RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya.Metode : Analisis observasional. 16 pasien yang dirawat dengan bantuan ventilasi mekanik di Ruang Observasi Intensif RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya, dilakukan pengambilan swab kultur sirkuit ventilator bagian inspirasi pada hari ke-0, di mana sirkuit ventilator belum terhubung dengan penderita, hari ke-3 dan 7. Koloni bakteri yang tumbuh dari hasil swab dilakukan pengukuran dan dibandingkan jumlah koloni bakteri yang tumbuh pada swab hari ke-0, 3, dan 7. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan analisa kesamaan jenis kuman pada sirkuit ventilator dan sputum penderita.Hasil : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 2 sampel mengalami drop out dikarenakan didapatkan pertumbuhan bakteri pada hari ke-0. Dari hasil perbandingan pertumbuhan jumlah koloni bakteri pada sirkuit ventilator pasien pada pengamatan hari ke-3 dan ke-7 didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna, sedangkan dari analisa kesamaan jenis bakteri pada sirkuit ventilator dan sputum penderita pada pengamatan hari ke-3 didapatkan hasil berbeda bermakna, sedangkan pada pengamatan hari ke-7 tidak berbeda bermakna.Diskusi : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara pertumbuhan koloni bakteri sirkuit ventilator pada hari ke-3 dan hari ke-7, hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh kontaminasi sirkuit ventilator melalui humidifier, obat-obat yang diberikan secara nebulisasi, cairan kondensasi, dan kontaminasi dari sekresi penderita tersebut. Pada hasil analisis kesamaan jenis bakteri pada sirkuit ventilator dengan sputum penderita, didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara jenis kuman pada sirkuit ventilator dengan sputum penderita. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil penelitian ini, di antaranya kolonisasi pada orofaringeal, saluran pencernaan, kontaminasi tangan perawat, kontaminasi air, udara, dan peta kuman ruangan itu sendiri
The Relationship Analysis Between Husband’s Knowledge, Attitude And Practice for Maternal Health
Authors: Muji Novina Eka , Hargono Arief
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe total mortality of mother in east java was still catagorized so high. Pasuruan regency was one of many areas which capable to decrease maternal mortality rate(MMR) up to the targeted level number by MDGs 2015. The maternal health was also one of husband’s duty as a decision maker in the family. The purpose of this research was to analyze a relationship among knowledge, attitude and the husband’s practice for maternal health. This research was done in May until June 2013 at Puspo sub-district of Pasuruan Regency. A research design was a cross sectional of the population from of all of couple who had a child from second month to 2 years old, lived in a roof. The amont of respondent was 115 couple. The sample selection was systematically done by random sampling. The variable of this research was characteristic, knowledge, attitude and the husband’s action. The result showed that mostrespondens had lower knowledge about maternal health (72,2%), a positive attitude (73,9) and the unsupported action in maternal health (68,7). A chi-square test showed that there was no relationship between knowledge antion, neither between attitude nor action on maternal health.The conclusion that can be drawn on research about relationship of knowledge, attitudes and actionsin support of maternal health husband wife in Pasuruan district Puspo isno correlation between knowledge and attitude of the husband with the husband in the act of giving support to maternal health became pregnant wife until the election of contraception.Keywords : knowledge, attitudes, actions, maternal health
Multisite Evaluation of APEX for Water Quality: II. Regional Parameterization
Authors: Nelson Nathan O. , Baffaut Claire , Lory John A. , Anomaa Senaviratne G.M.M.M. , Bhandari Ammar B. , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Sweeney Daniel W. , Helmers Matt J. , Van Liew Mike W. , Mallarino Antonio P. , Wortmann Charles S.
Published: March 2017

Phosphorus (P) Index assessment requires independent estimates of long‐term average annual P loss from fields, representing multiple climatic scenarios, management practices, and landscape positions. Because currently available measured data are insufficient to evaluate P Index performance, calibrated and validated process‐based models have been proposed as tools to generate the required data. The objectives of this research were to develop a regional parameterization for the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model to estimate edge‐of‐field runoff, sediment, and P losses in restricted‐layer soils of Missouri and Kansas and to assess the performance of this parameterization using monitoring data from multiple sites in this region. Five site‐specific calibrated models (SSCM) from within the region were used to develop a regionally calibrated model (RCM), which was further calibrated and validated with measured data. Performance of the RCM was similar to that of the SSCMs for runoff simulation and had Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) > 0.72 and absolute percent bias (|PBIAS|) < 18% for both calibration and validation. The RCM could not simulate sediment loss (NSE < 0, |PBIAS| > 90%) and was particularly ineffective at simulating sediment loss from locations with small sediment loads. The RCM had acceptable performance for simulation of total P loss (NSE > 0.74, |PBIAS| < 30%) but underperformed the SSCMs. Total P‐loss estimates should be used with caution due to poor simulation of sediment loss. Although we did not attain our goal of a robust regional parameterization of APEX for estimating sediment and total P losses, runoff estimates with the RCM were acceptable for P Index evaluation.

Core Ideas

Regionally calibrated APEX produced very good estimates of site‐specific runoff.

Regionally calibrated APEX failed to adequately estimate sediment loss.

Regionally calibrated APEX P‐loss estimates were worse than site‐specific models.

APEX runoff estimates are adequate for rigorous evaluation of P Index runoff components.

APEX sediment loss estimates are unsuitable for evaluation of P Index.
Harnessing Genetic Diversity of WildArachisSpecies for Genetic Enhancement of Cultivated Peanut
Authors: Sharma Shivali , Pandey Manish K. , Sudini Hari K. , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Varshney Rajeev K.
Published: March 2017

Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) is an important self‐pollinating tetraploid (AABB, 2n= 4x= 40) legume grown for the high‐quality edible oil and easily digestible protein in its seeds. Enormous genetic variability is present in the genusArachiscontaining 79 wild species and cultivated peanut. Wild species offer significant variability, particularly for biotic and abiotic stresses, and can be used to develop cultivars with enhanced levels of resistance to key stresses. However, utilization of these species requires use of ploidy manipulations, bridge crosses, and embryo or ovule rescue. For efficient use of diploid wild species from sectionArachis, several synthetics (amphidiploids and autotetraploids) have been developed using A‐ and B‐genome accessions with high levels of resistance to multiple stresses. These synthetics are used in crossing programs with cultigens to develop prebreeding populations and introgression lines (ILs) with high frequency of useful genes and alleles into good agronomic backgrounds. Evaluation of two such populations derived from ICGV 91114 × ISATGR 121250 (a synthetic derived fromA. duranensisKrapov. & W.C. Greg. ×A. ipaensisKrapov. & W.C. Greg.) and ICGV 87846 × ISATGR 265‐5 (A. kempf‐mercadoiW.C. Greg. & C.E. Simpson ×A. hoehneiKrapov. & W.C. Greg.) resulted in the identification of ILs with high levels of late leaf spot (LLS) and rust resistance and significant genetic variability for morphoagronomic traits. Genotyping of these ILs with markers linked to rust and LLS resistance provided evidence that introgression of possible novel alleles and resistance sources from different wild species other than the commonly usedA. cardenasiiKrapov. & W.C. Greg. will be beneficial for peanut improvement.
Are We Getting Better at Using Wild Potato Species in Light of New Tools?
Authors: Bethke Paul C. , Halterman Dennis A. , Jansky Shelley
Published: March 2017

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), mankind's third most consumed food crop, originated as an interspecific hybrid in the Andean highlands. More than 100 species closely related to potato exist throughout Central and South America. Potato was introduced to Europe, Asia, and North America in the 16th and 17th centuries, but most cultivars were destroyed by late blight epidemics in the mid‐19th century. Late blight resistance genes from the wild relative Solanum demissum Lindl. were subsequently introduced into cultivated potato. Thus, a precedent for the use of wild relatives in potato genetic improvement was established a century ago. Intensive efforts have been made to collect and maintain wild relatives of potato in public germplasm repositories. Genetic diversity in these species is high, and most are sexually compatible with cultivated potato. Perhaps more than any other vegetable crop, potato can benefit from the introgression of genes for valuable traits from wild relatives. However, a century of breeding has realized that potential on only a few notable occasions. Important examples include improved processing quality and resistance to viruses and nematodes. Substantial barriers prevent the facile incorporation of genetic material from wild relatives into potato cultivars. Overcoming these barriers may require an expansion of germplasm collections to include well‐characterized individuals as a complement to population‐based accessions. To be most useful for potato improvement, individual wild species plants will need to be cataloged by allelic composition, haplotype, biochemical properties, and physiological responses to stress. Effectively using the genetic diversity in wild relatives is likely to rely heavily on alternative methods of potato breeding, augmenting reassortment, and selection at the tetraploid level with diploid breeding and genetic modification using biotechnology.
Uma análise da obra “Gestão Social: Aspectos Teóricos e Aplicações” na perspectiva do desenvolvimento da Gestão Social
Authors: Cançado Airton Cardoso , Silva Jr Jeová Torres
Published: March 2017
Economia Solidária e Desenvolvimento Local: A Prática dos Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários na Região do Cariri Cearense
Authors: Medeiros Amanda Cristina , Cunha Eduardo Vivian da
Published: March 2017

A presente pesquisa teve a pretensão de analisar que concepções de desenvolvimento local as práticas de economia solidária vem constituindo na região do Território do Cariri (CE). Percorreu-se o estudo através da pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem preponderantemente quantitativa, por meio do uso da estatística descritiva. À luz da interpretação dos dados coletados percebeu-se que os empreendimentos da região têm aplicado, de forma parcial e gradativa, concepções que poderiam ser classificadas como “contra-hegemônicas” ou alternativas, e que envolvem a participação comunitária, a autogestão e a formação de redes de cooperação.
As Representações Sociais da Agroecologia para a Agricultura Familiar: a Visão de Pesquisadores, Extensionistas e Produtores Rurais
Authors: Martinez Guerra Gilberto Clarício , Ichikawa Elisa Yoshie
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender as representações sociais da agroecologia para pesquisadores do IAPAR, extensionistas da EMATER e produtores rurais da agricultura familiar. Para tanto usa como base na Teoria das Representações Sociais, e adota um percurso metodológico qualitativo e descritivo. A análise realizada ilustrou as representações sociais da agroecologia para os três atores envolvidos com trabalhos agroecológicos. Notou-se que há grande preocupação com o meio ambiente, com a saúde dos envolvidos e com a complexidade inerente do trabalho agroecológico. Para os agricultores, a principal preocupação é com o retorno financeiro. Encontraram-se representações que retratam preconceitos e descasos que a agroecologia ainda sofre em suas áreas para os três atores envolvidos. Foi possível concluir que o objeto da representação social ainda possui obstáculos, por ir contra a corrente de pensamento vigente.
O Modelo de Inovação Aberta no Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Regional: o caso do PROETA
Authors: Sluszz Thaisy , Vasconcelos Neto Antônio Genésio , Bassi Nadia Solange Schmidt , Padilha Ana Claudia Machado
Published: March 2017

Uma das estratégias organizacionais colaborativas para estimular o desenvolvimento regional é a chamada inovação aberta. Baseada neste modelo, a Embrapa criou o PROETA, onde há a transferência de tecnologia da Embrapa para a criação de novas empresas com o apoio de incubadoras. Este trabalho objetivou a análise da atuação e o potencial do PROETA no estímulo ao empreendedorismo e ao desenvolvimento regional. A pesquisa é exploratória e considerada estudo de caso múltiplo, com dados analisados pela técnica interpretativa. Observou-se que o PROETA tem auxiliado no desenvolvimento regional pela integração de atores, transferência de tecnologias que agregam valor a produtos tradicionais, ampliação da competitividade da indústria e busca de novas oportunidades com a troca de conhecimento entre distintas regiões brasileiras. Estes resultados indicam o potencial do PROETA para a inovação e desenvolvimento regional, com parcerias de diferentes instituições, mostrando a consolidação do modelo de inovação aberta implementada.
O Papel da Coopeixe no Desenvolvimento do Território da Pesca e Aquicultura do Médio São Francisco, Minas Gerais
Authors: Pereira Everton Alves , Freitas Alair Ferreira , Freitas Alan Ferreira
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como a Cooperativa dos Piscicultores do Alto e Médio São Francisco LTDA (COOPEIXE) está contribuindo para o processo de desenvolvimento territorial no Território da Pesca e Aquicultura do Médio São Francisco, Minas Gerais, sinalizando sua interação com as políticas públicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, cuja coleta de dados se deu através de aplicação de entrevistas, observação e pesquisa documental. Três categorias analíticas sintetizam os resultados: (i) articulação institucional, onde verificou-se a capacidade de inserção da Cooperativa nos diferentes espaços de gestão de políticas públicas e composição de órgãos colegiados; (ii) inclusão produtiva, onde verificou-se as estratégias adotadas pela COOPEIXE que geraram impactos na atividade produtiva aos cooperados que outrora não acessavam mercados, capacitação e orientação; e (iii) agregação de valor, onde observou-se os processos capazes de agregar valor à produção do quadro de cooperados, como beneficiamento, certificação e planejamento da produção.
An improved size and refractive index measurement of a pentadecane single droplet in a heated chamber
Authors: Manosroi W. , Roth N. , Weigand B.
Published: March 2017

The pentadecane single droplet size of less than 20 µm and its refractive index were measured at various ambient temperatures of 100, 120, 150 and 180 °C. The experimental setup was equipped with the high speed linear CCD camera to give sharp and clearly visible MDRs (Morphology Dependent Resonances) structure from the droplet refractive index. The valve of the heated chamber was closed during the experiment until the droplet disappeared from the chamber to increase the measurement time of about 2 folds in order to obtain more experimental data of the droplet behaviors. The cooling device was mounted on the heated chamber to improve boundary condition and smooth the ambient temperature. The obtained droplet sizes were in good agreement with both the D2 law and the Rapid Mixing Model (RMM), while the measured droplet refractive index values were closed to those calculated from the previous reported formula. This has indicated the reliability and applicability of this improved measurement technique for a better understanding of the real fuel droplet behaviors in a combustion system.
Parametric study to mitigate fretting fatigue in dovetail joint of aeroengine compressor
Authors: Kumari Sunita , P V Srihari , A Bharatish , H N Narasimha Murthy
Published: March 2017

Fretting fatigue is most likely to occur in the dovetail joint of aero engine compressor resulting in small amplitude displacement of a few micrometers. This leads to degradation of the material in the form of fatigue strength and corrosion. This paper reports optimal conditions of blade geometrical parameters such as flank length, flank angle and coefficient of friction in order minimize the failure due to fretting fatigue. ANOVA indicated that Von-mises stresses, deformation, contact pressure and sliding distance were influenced by coefficient of friction and flank angle. While deformation, contact pressure and sliding distance decreased with increase in coefficient of friction and increased with increase in flank angle and flank length. Von-mises stress increased with increase in coefficient of friction. Response surface methodology results indicated that the optimum value of Von-mises stress (328.24 MPa), deformation (153.87 µm), contact pressure (275.48 MPa) and sliding distance (80.66 µm) were found at coefficient of friction 0.35, flank angle 65° and flank length of 12 mm which were in agreement with those of grey relational analysis results.
Intrauterine Intussusception Leading to Ileal Atresia in a Premature Baby
Authors: Soomro Sirajuddin , Mughal Sikandar Ali , Depar Fida Hussain
Published: March 2017

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The Role of Redox Dysregulation in the Inflammatory Response to Acute Myocardial Ischaemia-reperfusion Injury - Adding Fuel to the Fire
Authors: Hernandez-Resendiz Sauri , Chinda Kroekkiat , Ong Sang-Bing , Cabrera-Fuentes Hector , Zazueta Cecilia , Hausenloy Derek j.
Published: March 2017

Background:

The inflammatory response to acute myocardial ischaemia/
reperfusion injury (IRI) plays a critical role in determining myocardial infarct (MI) size,
and subsequent post-MI left ventricular (LV) remodelling, making it a potential therapeutic
target for improving clinical outcomes in patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction
(AMI). Recent experimental studies using advanced imaging and molecular techniques,
have yielded new insights into the mechanisms through which reactive oxygen species
(ROS) contribute to the inflammatory response induced by acute myocardial IRI - “adding
fuel to the fire”. The infiltration of inflammatory cells into the MI zone, leads to elevated
myocardial concentrations of ROS, cytokine release, and activation of apoptotic and
necrotic death pathways. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies have failed to protect
the heart against acute myocardial IRI. This may be, in part, due to a lack of understanding
of the time course, nature and mechanisms of the inflammation and redox dysregulation,
which occur in the setting of acute myocardial IRI.

Conclusion:

In this article, we examine the inflammatory response and redox dysregulation
induced by acute myocardial IRI, and highlight potential therapeutic options for targeting
redox dysregulation, in order to attenuate the detrimental effects of the inflammatory response
following an AMI, so as to reduce MI size and prevent heart failure.
THERMODINAMIC PARAMETERS ON THE SORPTION OF PHOSPHATE IONS BY MONTMORILLONITE
Authors: Jaslin Ikhsan , Endang Wijayanti , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: March 2017

The sorption of phosphate by montmorillonite at 10, 30, and 50 oC were investigated aiming to mainly determine thermodynamic parameters for the formation of surface complexes in the adsorption of phosphate ions by montmorillonite. Data were collected by adsorption edge experiments investigating the effect of pH, adsorption isotherms enabling the effect of sorbate concentration, and acid-base titration calculating protons released or taken up by adsorption process. Data analysis was carried out using surface complexation model to fit the data collected in this study using the parameters obtained from previous study, as well as to calculate the values of ΔH and ΔS. Previous study reported that phosphate ions formed two outer-sphere surface complexes with active sites of montmorillonite through hydrogen bonding. In the first complex,  [(XH)0– H2L─]─, the phosphate was held to permanent-charge X─ sites on the tetrahedral siloxane faces, and the second complex, [[(SO─)(SOH)]– – [H2L]─] 2─ was formed through the interaction between the phosphate and variable charge surface hydroxyl groups at the edges of montmorillonite crystals and on the octahedral alumina faces. The values of ΔH for the first and second reactions are 39.756 and 3.765x10-7 kJ mol‒1 respectively. Since both reactions have positive enthalpy values, it can be concluded that the reactions are endothermic. Large energy for the first reaction is needed by X─  sites (permanent negatively charge sites of montmorillonite) to be partially desolvated, on which K+ or other surface cations are replaced by H+ ions in the surface protonated process, and are then ready to interact phosphate ions in the solution. Small values of ΔH for the second reactions indicates that hydrogen bonds formed by phosphate and SOH sites in the second reaction are easily broken out, and the phosphate can easily desorbed from the surface. The values of ΔS for the first and second reactions are 122.523 and 2.393 x10-2  J K‒1 mol‒1, which are greater than -10 kJ mol‒1 and indicates that the surface reactions occurs through dissociative mechanisms.Keywords:   montmorillonite, adsorption edge, extended constant capacitance, surface complexation model, enthalpy, reaction mechanisms