bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pruritus gravidarum: causes and correction of conditions
Authors: Dvoryankova E. V. , Nevozinskaya Z. A. , Korsunskaya I. M.
Published: September 2020

Itching sensation can occur in up to 20% of pregnant women. The paper considers the most common causes of the development of this unpleasant symptom in women expecting a baby, such as polymorphic and atopic dermatitis, intrahepatic cholestasis, pemphigoid. Modern epidemiological data are presented, the clinical features of each nosology are described, and recommendations for effective treatment of these conditions are given.
Management of cesarean section freguency in obstetric hospitals of third level and possible ways of reducing it
Authors: Tkachenko L. V. , Skladanonskaya T. V. , Kostenko T. I. , Sviridova N. I. , Verovskaya T. A. , Babaeva L. K.
Published: September 2020

The article presents data from a retrospective analysis of 8,706 childbirth histories of the Volgograd Clinical Perinatal Center No. 2 for 2018–2019 years. To analyze the frequency and indications for caesarean section, the 10-group classification by M. Robson was used. The results obtained allowed us to determine the groups with the highest frequency of cesarean section and outline ways to reduce the frequency of abdominal birth in these groups.
Contraceptive and therapeutic effects of combined oral contraceptive with drospirenone
Authors: Ovsyannikova T. V. , Kulikov I. A.
Published: September 2020

The article presents data on the clinical and contraceptive capabilities of an estrogen-progestogen drug containing drospirenone (Midiana). By its pharmacological properties, drospirenone is close to endogenous progesterone and has gestagenic, antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid action. With a high affinity for progesterone receptors, drospirenone suppresses ovulation, reliably protects against unwanted pregnancy and provides an additional contraceptive effect. Combined oral contraceptives with drospirenone, taking into account their antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid properties, are successfully used in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome, polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism and in the prevention of endometrial hyperplastic processes without causing significant weight change.
INTERFERENSI GRAMATIKAL DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN BIARKAN AKU MEMULAI KARYA NURUL F. HUDA
Authors: Liviana Zimmatul
Published: September 2020

The research grammatical interference in a collection ofshort stories Biarkan Aku Memula iwork Nurul F. Hudaisa collection ofshort storiesset in the back that Is start work Let Nurul F. Huda contains many grammatical interference.The problem of this   study were(1)how   the various morphologi calinterference containedin   a   collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. (2)how the various syntactic interference contained in a collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. The purposeof this studyis to describe the morphological and

 

 

 

 

Syntactic interference contained in a collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. Sociolinguistics is the study of language variation and use in society. Interference is the event of the use of language elements of one into the other language elements that occur in the speakers themselves. This research uses descriptive qualitative method because to describe the actual realityin order to obtainan accurateand objective. Qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyzethe elements ofa word orphrase that incorporated elements of other languages with the analysis and description of the formulation of the problem is the answer. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, the determination ofthe object of research, the selection of short stories.Based on the analysis of the data in this study can be found that there are six forms of interference morphology, namely (1) the prefix nasal N-sound, (2) the addition of the suffix, (3) the exchange prefix, (4) exchange suffixes, (5) exchange konfiks, (6) removal affixes. While the syntactic interference only on the words and phrases in a sentence. The results of the study it can be concluded that the interference morphology more common than syntactic interference.
REPRESENTASI NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA JAWA DALAM” NOVEL BIOLA TAK BERDAWAI” KARYA SENO GUMIRA ADJIDARMA ( Sebuah Kajian Antropologi )
Authors: Pangripty Nanda Sukmana Chitra
Published: September 2020

The title of this research is Java Culture Values in Biola Tak Berdawai Novel ( Antropology Discussion ). And start from the principle that literature is kind of social reality in societies group as potential which describes, idea, message and certain value. The data which is submitted un the words or pictures, It is not numeral,or drawing the datas which be analyzed by Biola Tak Berdawai novel. The main purpose is descriptive describing, or drawing the datas which be analyzed by Biola Tak Berdawai novel. From this result can be explained that in Biola Tak Berdawai novel there are Culture of character include of religion emotion and believe of ghaib shape, dead Life and the power of God, the relation of human with them as harmonious attitude, respect, make an help, the relation human with time which basic in the past event and it will become to change in the future
PENGGUNAAN GAYA BAHASA DALAM PROSA LIRIK PENGAKUAN PARIYEM KARYA LINUS SURYADI AG (KAJIAN STILISTIKA)
Authors: Ayu Fatmawati Rita
Published: September 2020

This study entitled Use of Language in Prose Lyrics Pengakuan Pariyem works Linus Suryadi Ag. Prose lyrics is one of the literary works in a variety of prose written and expressed by using the elements of poetry. Researchers only address two problems in this study, the comparison of style and stylistic contradictions. The theories used in this study is about stilistika, between the concept of stylistic comparisons that include, imagery, personification, metaphor, depersonifikasi, allegory, antithesis, redundancy and tautology, perifrasis, anticipation or prolepsis and correction or epanortosis. While the conflict style covers, hyperbole, litotes, irony, oxymoron, paralepsis, Zeugma and silepsis. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method because the data produced in the form of words in the form of quotations, not a number. Thus, the research report will contain excerpts sentences contained in lyric prose rich. Prose Lyrics Pengakuan Pariyem works Linus Suryadi Ag. Data uncovered by researchers in comparative form of citation style lyric Prose Lyrics Pengakuan Pariyem like words bak, ibarat, bagaikan, bila,  pohon pohon mendengarkan, mentari nongkrong. While stylistic contradictions within quote the words of a sentence like menikam tajam ubun-ubun saya, gelinya setengah mati. The results of this study indicate that the use of force in the study of language stilistika a stylistic comparison and stylistic contradictions.
ANALISIS KOHESI DAN KOHERENSI RUBRIK OPINI SINYAL BAHAYA DARI SRI LANKA PADA MAJALAH TEMPO EDISI 27 APRIL 2019
Authors: Ilham Fadli Rusli , Nurul Afni Fitri
Published: September 2020

Discourse analysis is a study that examines or understands the meaning of a reading. Good discourse has a continuous unity between one and the other. To produce good structure and meaning in producing a discourse, there are important criteria in compiling the discourse. The preparation of good discourse must have coherence and cohesion used to create harmonious and mutually integrated readings. In this study, the author uses a pragmatic approach so that readers can understand clearly how important elements of cohesion and coherence exist in a sentence. The object of the research subject was the Hazard Signal opinion from Sri Lanka in Tempo magazine, April 27, 2019. Opinion "Danger Signals from Sri Lanka" in April 27, 2019 edition of Tempo, it can be concluded that the seven paragraphs are paragraphs that have good cohesion between words and sentences also have good coherence between sentences and between paragraphs. With the existence of coherence and cohesion in a discourse, the discourse will produce neat and easy to read reading
Exposure to campaign claims in mobile browsing and survey data
Authors: Banducci Susan , Horvath Laszlo , Stevens Daniel
Published: September 2020

Drawing on a two-wave panel study capturing the full log of mobile user activity, we link a behavioural measure of information exposure to survey data on the believability of eight fact-checked claims that were spread during the 2017 UK General Election campaign. We ﬁnd that the effect of media exposure on the over-time adjustment of beliefs varies depending on the claim. Exposure in three cases led to the adjustment of beliefs if it came from sources congruent with the broader political narrative around these claims, whether correct or incorrect. We ﬁnd no evidence that balanced media exposure led to correcting beliefs in false statements overall.
Barriers to Women's Pap Smear Testing and Related Risk Factors in Turkey
Authors: ÇANKAYA Seyhan , YÜKSEL Gamze
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study aimed to identify the barriers to
women's Pap smear testing and related risk factors.

Methods: In this descriptive and cross‐sectional
study, 294 women were included by stratified random sampling. The General
Information Questionnaire, The Self-Efficacy Scale, The Health Belief Model
Scale for Cervical Cancer, and the Pap Smear Test were used.

Results: About half of the women (47.6%) had a Pap smear
test in their lifetime.Residing in a village/non-provincial district (OR = 0.412),
not having a Pap smear test because family members/friends did not have one (OR
= 7.752), having high Barriers subscale scores (OR = 1.053), and having lower
self-efficacy levels (OR = 0.951) were found to be risk factors for having a
Pap smear test.In addition, not knowing the symptoms of cervical cancer,
believing that the cervical cancer is a non-treatable condition, expecting to
experience vaginal infection,not being able to get permission from her husband,
and considering the test as embarrassing were found among the barriers (p < 0.005).

Conclusions: A well designed health education
program focusing on cervical cancer and the benefits of screening would
increase awareness, especially among women with a high educational attainment
status.Public health nurses should provide health educations considering the
local cultural environment. To improve access to health services, mobile health
services need to be developed, and in hospitals, routine Pap smear test health
educations should be conducted and guidance should be provided.
Biographicity as ‘mental grammar’ of postmodern life
Authors: Alheit Peter
Published: September 2020

‘Biographicity’ is a concept that has been discussed in international adult education for more than 30 years. It has stimulated research concepts and has become a metaphor for the resilience potential of biographical learning processes in modernised modern societies. A basic theoretical foundation has so far been lacking. This article attempts to provide such a foundation. The stimulating influence of modern neurobiology will be discussed in the first section (1). Afterwards, innovations and restrictions of a systemtheoretically reformulated biography theory will be the issue (2). Its self-referentiality blockades can be illustrated clearly by the problem of the social construction of ‘gender’, in which we also reach the limits of the interactionist concept of construction (3). This theoretical discourse creates a concept of its own: the idea of a ‘biographical habitus’ as the ‘mental grammar’ of life in postmodern societies (4).
The GPM Validation Network and Evaluation of Satellite-Based Retrievals of the Rain Drop Size Distribution
Authors: Gatlin Patrick N. , Petersen Walter A. , Pippitt Jason L. , Berendes Todd A. , Wolff David B. , Tokay Ali
Published: September 2020

A unique capability of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is its ability to better estimate the raindrop size distribution (DSD) on a global scale. To validate the GPM DSD retrievals, a network of more than 100 ground-based polarimetric radars from across the globe are utilized within the broader context of the GPM Validation Network (VN) processing architecture. The GPM VN ensures quality controlled dual-polarimetric radar moments for use in providing reference estimates of the DSD. The VN DSD estimates are carefully geometrically matched with the GPM core satellite measurements for evaluation of the GPM algorithms. We use the GPM VN to compare the DSD retrievals from the GPM’s Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and combined DPR–GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) Level-2 algorithms. Results suggested that the Version 06A GPM core satellite algorithms provide estimates of the mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) that are biased 0.2 mm too large when considered across all precipitation types. In convective precipitation, the algorithms tend to overestimate Dm by 0.5–0.6 mm, leading the DPR algorithm to underestimate the normalized DSD intercept parameter (Nw) by a factor of two, and introduce a significant bias to the DPR retrievals of rainfall rate for DSDs with large Dm. The GPM Combined algorithm performs better than the DPR algorithm in convection but provides a severely limited range of Nw estimates, highlighting the need to broaden its a priori database in convective precipitation.
Evaluation of High-Resolution Crop Model Meteorological Forcing Datasets at Regional Scale: Air Temperature and Precipitation over Major Land Areas of China
Authors: Wang Qiuling , Li Wei , Xiao Chan , Ai Wanxiu
Published: September 2020

Air temperature and precipitation are two important meteorological factors affecting the earth’s energy exchange and hydrological process. High quality temperature and precipitation forcing datasets are of great significance to agro-meteorology and disaster monitoring. In this study, the accuracy of air temperature and precipitation of the fifth generation of atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) and High-Resolution China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (HRCLDAS) datasets are compared and evaluated from multiple spatial–temporal perspectives based on the ground meteorological station observations over major land areas of China in 2018. Concurrently, the applicability to the monitoring of high temperatures and rainstorms is also distinguished. The results show that (1) although both forcing datasets can capture the broad features of spatial distribution and seasonal variation in air temperature and precipitation, HRCLDAS shows more detailed features, especially in areas with complex underlying surfaces; (2) compared with the ground observations, it can be found that the air temperature and precipitation of HRCLDAS perform better than ERA5. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of mean air temperature are 1.3 °C for HRCLDAS and 2.3 °C for ERA5, and the RMSE of precipitation are 2.4 mm for HRCLDAS and 5.4 mm for ERA5; (3) in the monitoring of important weather processes, the two forcing datasets can well reproduce the high temperature, rainstorm and heavy rainstorm events from June to August in 2018. HRCLDAS is more accurate in the area and magnitude of high temperature and rainstorm due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. The evaluation results can help researchers to understand the superiority and drawbacks of these two forcing datasets and select datasets reasonably in the study of climate change, agro-meteorological modeling, extreme weather research, hydrological processes and sustainable development.
Digital Devices Use and Language Skills in Children between 8 and 36 Month
Authors: Operto Francesca Felicia , Pastorino Grazia Maria Giovanna , Marciano Jessyka , de Simone Valeria , Volini Anna Pia , Olivieri Miriam , Buonaiuto Roberto , Vetri Luigi , Viggiano Andrea , Coppola Giangennaro
Published: September 2020

Background: Over the past decade, the use of digital tools has grown and research evidence suggests that traditional media and new media offer both benefits and health risks for young children. The abilities to understand and use language represent two of the most important competencies developed during the first 3 years of life through the interaction of the child with people, objects, events, and other environmental factors. The main goal of our study is to evaluate the relationship between digital devices use and language abilities in children between 8 and 36 month, also considering the influence of several factors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study on digital devices use and language abilities in260 children (140 males = 54%) aged between 8 and 36 months (mean = 23.5 ± 7.18 months). All the parents completed a self-report questionnaire investigating the use of digital devices by their children, and a standardized questionnaire for the assessment of language skills (MacArthur-Bates). Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relation between different variables. Subsequent moderation analysis were performed to verify the influence of other factors. Results: We found a statistically significant negative relation between the total daily time of exposure to digital devices and the Actions and Gestures Quotient (ß = −0.397) in children between 8 and 17 months, and between the total daily time of exposure to digital devices and Lexical Quotient (ß = −0.224) in children between 18 and 36 months. Gender, level of education/job of parents, modality of use/content of digital device did not significantly affect the result of the regression analysis. Conclusion: In our study we found that a longer time of exposure to digital devices was related to lower mimic-gestural skills in children from 8–17 months and to lower language skills in children between 18 and 36 months, regardless of age, gender, socio-economic status, content, and modality of use. Further studies are needed to confirm and better understand this relation, but parents and pediatricians are advised to limit the use of digital devices by children and encourage the social interaction to support the learning of language and communication skills in this age group.
Effects of Paternal Preconception Vapor Alcohol Exposure Paradigms on Behavioral Responses in Offspring
Authors: Rathod Richa S. , Ferguson Carolyn , Seth Amit , Baratta Annalisa M. , Plasil Sonja L. , Homanics Gregg E.
Published: September 2020

We and others previously reported that paternal preconception chronic ethanol exposure leads to molecular, physiological, and behavioral changes in offspring including reduced ethanol consumption and preference relative to controls. The goal of the present study was to further explore the impact of paternal ethanol exposure on a wide variety of basal and drug-induced behavioral responses in first generation offspring. Adult male mice were exposed to chronic intermittent vapor ethanol or control conditions for 5–6 weeks before being mated with ethanol-naïve females to produce ethanol (E)- and control (C)-sired offspring. E-sired male offspring showed stress hyporesponsivity in a stress-induced hyperthermia assay and E-sired female offspring had reduced binge-like ethanol consumption in a drinking in the dark assay compared to C-sired offspring. E-sired offspring also showed altered sensitivity to a sedative/hypnotic dose of the GABAergic drug midazolam, but not ketamine or ethanol, in a loss of the righting response assay. E-sired offspring did not differ from controls in marble burying, novel object location, novel object recognition, social interaction, bottle-brush, novelty suppressed feeding, prepulse inhibition, every-other-day ethanol drinking, or home cage activity assays. This study adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that like in utero alcohol exposure, paternal preconception alcohol exposure can also have effects that persist and impact behavior of offspring.
Intentional Binding Effects in the Experience of Noticing the Regularity of a Perceptual-Motor Task
Authors: Hayashida Kazuki , Nishi Yuki , Masuike Akihiro , Morioka Shu
Published: September 2020

Noticing the regularity of the task is necessary to enhance motor performance. The experience of noticing further motivates improvement in motor performance. Motor control is explained by a comparator model that modifies the motor command to reduce discrepancies between sensory predictions and actual outcomes. A similar model could apply to sense of agency (SoA). SoA refers to the sensation of controlling one’s own actions and, through them, the outcomes in the external world. SoA may also be enhanced by the experience of noticing errors. We recently reported gradual enhancement of SoA in participants with high perceptual-motor performance. However, what component of the motor task changed the SoA is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence over time of the experience of noticing during a motor task on SoA. Participants performed an implicit regularity perceptual-motor task and an intentional binding task (a method that can quantitatively measure SoA) simultaneously. We separated participants into groups after the experiment based on noticing or not noticing the regularity. SoA was gradually enhanced in the noticing group, compared with that of the non-noticing group. The results suggest that the experience of noticing may enhance SoA during perceptual-motor tasks.
Computer Extracted Features from Initial H&E Tissue Biopsies Predict Disease Progression for Prostate Cancer Patients on Active Surveillance
Authors: Chandramouli Sacheth , Leo Patrick , Lee George , Elliott Robin , Davis Christine , Zhu Guangjing , Fu Pingfu , Epstein Jonathan I. , Veltri Robert , Madabhushi Anant
Published: September 2020

In this work, we assessed the ability of computerized features of nuclear morphology from diagnostic biopsy images to predict prostate cancer (CaP) progression in active surveillance (AS) patients. Improved risk characterization of AS patients could reduce over-testing of low-risk patients while directing high-risk patients to therapy. A total of 191 (125 progressors, 66 non-progressors) AS patients from a single site were identified using The Johns Hopkins University’s (JHU) AS-eligibility criteria. Progression was determined by pathologists at JHU. 30 progressors and 30 non-progressors were randomly selected to create the training cohort D1 (n = 60). The remaining patients comprised the validation cohort D2 (n = 131). Digitized Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) biopsies were annotated by a pathologist for CaP regions. Nuclei within the cancer regions were segmented using a watershed method and 216 nuclear features describing position, shape, orientation, and clustering were extracted. Six features associated with disease progression were identified using D1 and then used to train a machine learning classifier. The classifier was validated on D2. The classifier was further compared on a subset of D2 (n = 47) against pro-PSA, an isoform of prostate specific antigen (PSA) more linked with CaP, in predicting progression. Performance was evaluated with area under the curve (AUC). A combination of nuclear spatial arrangement, shape, and disorder features were associated with progression. The classifier using these features yielded an AUC of 0.75 in D2. On the 47 patient subset with pro-PSA measurements, the classifier yielded an AUC of 0.79 compared to an AUC of 0.42 for pro-PSA. Nuclear morphometric features from digitized H&E biopsies predicted progression in AS patients. This may be useful for identifying AS-eligible patients who could benefit from immediate curative therapy. However, additional multi-site validation is needed.
The Rationale of Neprilysin Inhibition in Prevention of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury during ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bellis Alessandro , Mauro Ciro , Barbato Emanuele , Di Gioia Giuseppe , Sorriento Daniela , Trimarco Bruno , Morisco Carmine
Published: September 2020

During the last three decades, timely myocardial reperfusion using either thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous intervention (pPCI) has allowed amazing improvements in outcomes with a more than halving in 1-year ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mortality. However, mortality and left ventricle (LV) remodeling remain substantial in these patients. As such, novel therapeutic interventions are required to reduce myocardial infarction size, preserve LV systolic function, and improve survival in reperfused-STEMI patients. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) prevention represents the main goal to reach in order to reduce STEMI mortality. There is currently no effective therapy for MIRI prevention in STEMI patients. A significant reason for the weak and inconsistent results obtained in this field may be the presence of multiple, partially redundant, mechanisms of cell death during ischemia-reperfusion, whose relative importance may depend on the conditions. Therefore, it is always more recognized that it is important to consider a “multi-targeted cardioprotective therapy”, defined as an additive or synergistic cardioprotective agents or interventions directed to distinct targets with different timing of application (before, during, or after pPCI). Given that some neprilysin (NEP) substrates (natriuretic peptides, angiotensin II, bradykinin, apelins, substance P, and adrenomedullin) exert a cardioprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury, it is conceivable that antagonism of proteolytic activity by this enzyme may be considered in a multi-targeted strategy for MIRI prevention. In this review, by starting from main pathophysiological mechanisms promoting MIRI, we discuss cardioprotective effects of NEP substrates and the potential benefit of NEP pharmacological inhibition in MIRI prevention.
Nanostructured Titanium for Improved Endothelial Biocompatibility and Reduced Platelet Adhesion in Stent Applications
Authors: Llopis-Grimalt Maria Antonia , Forteza-Genestra Maria Antònia , Alcolea-Rodriguez Víctor , Ramis Joana Maria , Monjo Marta
Published: September 2020

Although coronary stents have improved the early and long-term consequences of arterial lesions, the prevention of restenosis and late stent thrombosis is key to prevent a new obstruction of the vessel. Here we aimed at improving the tissue response to stents through surface modification. For that purpose, we used two different approaches, the use of nanostructuration by electrochemical anodization and the addition of a quercitrin (QR) coating to the Ti surface. Four surfaces (Ti, NN, TiQR and NNQR) were characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and contact angle analysis and QR content was evaluated by fluorescent staining. Cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, metabolic activity and nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated on primary human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs). Platelet adhesion, hemolysis rate and Staphylococcus epidermidis CECT 4184 adhesion at 30 min were analyzed. Nanostructuration induced an increase on surface roughness, and QR coating decreased the contact angle. All surfaces were biocompatible, with no hemolysis rate and lower platelet adhesion was found in NN surfaces. Finally, S. epidermidis adhesion was lower on TiQR surfaces compared to Ti. In conclusion, our results suggest that NN structuration could improve biocompatibility of bare metal stents on endothelial cells and reduce platelet adhesion. Moreover, QR coating could reduce bacterial adhesion.
Detection of Algorithmically Generated Domain Names Using the Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network with Spatial Pyramid Pooling
Authors: Liu Zhanghui , Zhang Yudong , Chen Yuzhong , Fan Xinwen , Dong Chen
Published: September 2020

Domain generation algorithms (DGAs) use specific parameters as random seeds to generate a large number of random domain names to prevent malicious domain name detection. This greatly increases the difficulty of detecting and defending against botnets and malware. Traditional models for detecting algorithmically generated domain names generally rely on manually extracting statistical characteristics from the domain names or network traffic and then employing classifiers to distinguish the algorithmically generated domain names. These models always require labor intensive manual feature engineering. In contrast, most state-of-the-art models based on deep neural networks are sensitive to imbalance in the sample distribution and cannot fully exploit the discriminative class features in domain names or network traffic, leading to decreased detection accuracy. To address these issues, we employ the borderline synthetic minority over-sampling algorithm (SMOTE) to improve sample balance. We also propose a recurrent convolutional neural network with spatial pyramid pooling (RCNN-SPP) to extract discriminative and distinctive class features. The recurrent convolutional neural network combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bi-directional long short-term memory network (Bi-LSTM) to extract both the semantic and contextual information from domain names. We then employ the spatial pyramid pooling strategy to refine the contextual representation by capturing multi-scale contextual information from domain names. The experimental results from different domain name datasets demonstrate that our model can achieve 92.36% accuracy, an 89.55% recall rate, a 90.46% F1-score, and 95.39% AUC in identifying DGA and legitimate domain names, and it can achieve 92.45% accuracy rate, a 90.12% recall rate, a 90.86% F1-score, and 96.59% AUC in multi-classification problems. It achieves significant improvement over existing models in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Inclusive Vision Versus Special Education Reality
Authors: Kauffman James M. , Hornby Garry
Published: September 2020

The reasons are examined for the disparity between the inclusive vision espoused by Article 24 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the reality of the limited extent of inclusion in education systems worldwide. First, the leadership of key senior academics in the field of special education is considered to have been misguided in promoting a vision of full inclusion despite the lack of research evidence for the benefits of inclusive education over traditional special education provision. Second, attitudes toward and the treatment of people with disabilities have a long and complex history, and in this, many proponents of inclusion have been critical of 20th century special education. In particular, they claim that the sorting, labelling and categorizing required by special education have negative implications. Third, educators have been encouraged to imagine a system of education that is limitless, in the sense that all children with disabilities can be included in general education. This is because it is envisaged that general education classrooms will become so flexible that there will be no limits to the accommodation of students with disabilities, regardless of the nature or severity of their special educational needs. Fourth is the issue that deciding a student’s placement for education requires a judgment call and that, since human judgment is fallible, errors of judgment will always be made. Fifth, commitments to inclusion require that educators consider the practical, reality-based implications, whereas this has not been the case for many supporters of full inclusion. In conclusion, inclusion in the sense of students being physically present in general education classrooms is not considered as important as inclusion in the reality of being engaged in a program of instruction that is meaningful and challenging. Therefore, we consider that, rather than becoming extinct, special education needs to continue to be developed, disseminated and rigorously implemented in schools. Key special education strategies and approaches must co-exist with those from inclusive education, in order to provide effective education for all young people with special educational needs and disabilities.
Stochastic Fractal Search Optimization Algorithm Based Global MPPT for Triple-Junction Photovoltaic Solar System
Authors: Rezk Hegazy , Fathy Ahmed
Published: September 2020

A significant growth in PV (photovoltaic) system installations have been observed during the last decade. The PV array has a nonlinear output characteristic because of weather intermittency. Partial shading is an environmental phenomenon that causes multiple peaks in the power curve and has a negative effect on the efficiency of the conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods. This tends to have a substantial effect on the overall performance of the PV system. Therefore, to enhance the performance of the PV system under shading conditions, the global MPPT technique is mandatory to force the PV system to operate close to the global maximum. In this paper, for the first time, a stochastic fractal search (SFS) optimization algorithm is applied to solve the dilemma of tracking the global power of PV system based triple-junction solar cells under shading conditions. SFS has been nominated because it can converge to the best solution at a fast rate. Moreover, balance between exploration and exploitation phases is one of its main advantages. Therefore, the SFS algorithm has been selected to extract the global maximum power point (MPP) under partial shading conditions. To prove the superiority of the proposed global MPPT–SFS based tracker, several shading scenarios have been considered. The idea of changing the shading scenario is to change the position of the global MPP. The obtained results are compared with common optimizers: Antlion Optimizer (ALO), Cuckoo Search (CS), Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), Firefly-Algorithm (FA), Invasive-Weed-Optimization (IWO), JAYA and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The results of comparison confirmed the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed global MPPT–SFS based tracker over ALO, CS, FPA, FA, IWO, JAYA, and GSA.
Comparative Analysis on Load Characteristic of Intermittently Conditioned Buildings for Different Wall Insulation Forms
Authors: Yuan Liting , Wang Zhiyi , Huang Yanyan , Wang Xiaolong
Published: September 2020

The Air-conditioning System (ACS), used in office buildings in the hot summer and cold winter zone of China, are always operate intermittently. The dynamic thermal behaviors of building walls with real climate conditions may be different from those with only the representative day’s climate conditions, due to the time varying nature of the climate, which will lead to the variation of the ACS loads. A numerical calculation was performed to analyze the effects of insulation form on heat behavior of external walls and ACS loads. The results indicate that cooling transmission load with inside insulation reaches its maximum value when the solar-air temperature in daytime is the highest, while that with outside insulation occurs at the time when the air temperature at night is the highest during summer. Heating transmission load for the wall with external and internal insulation both peaks in the day with lowest mean outdoor temperature during the last non-working period. Inside insulation can be considered a better way to reduce the peak load, peak-valley load difference and energy consumption.
Estimating Mangrove Above-Ground Biomass Loss Due to Deforestation in Malaysian Northern Borneo between 2000 and 2015 Using SRTM and Landsat Images
Authors: Wong Charissa J. , James Daniel , Besar Normah A. , Kamlun Kamlisa U. , Tangah Joseph , Tsuyuki Satoshi , Phua Mui-How
Published: September 2020

Mangrove forests are highly productive ecosystems and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. We used Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation data to estimate mangrove above-ground biomass (AGB) in Sabah, Malaysian northern Borneo. We developed a tree-level approach to deal with the substantial temporal discrepancy between the SRTM data and the mangrove’s field measurements. We predicted the annual growth of diameter at breast height and adjusted the field measurements to the SRTM data acquisition year to estimate the field AGB. A canopy height model (CHM) was derived by correcting the SRTM data with ground elevation. Regression analyses between the estimated AGB and SRTM CHM produced an estimation model (R2: 0.61) with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.24 Mg ha−1 (RMSE%: 5.47). We then quantified the mangrove forest loss based on supervised classification of multitemporal Landsat images. More than 25,000 ha of mangrove forest had disappeared between 2000 and 2015. This has resulted in a significant decrease of about 3.96 million Mg of mangrove AGB in Sabah during the study period. As SRTM elevation data has a near-global coverage, this approach can be used to map the historical AGB of mangroves, especially in Southeast Asia, to promote mangrove carbon stock conservation.
Effect of Micromelalopha sieversi (Staudinger) Oviposition Behavior on the Transcriptome of Two Populus Section Aigeiros Clones
Authors: Guo Li , Zhang Sufang , Liu Fu , Kong Xiangbo , Zhang Zhen
Published: September 2020

Research Highlights: The molecular mechanisms underlying woody plant resistance upon oviposition by herbivores remain unclear, as studies have focused on herbaceous plants. The effect of oviposition on gene expression in neighboring plants has also not been reported. Elucidating these molecular responses can help cultivate insect-resistant trees. Background and Objectives: Oviposition by herbivorous insects acts as an early warning signal, inducing plant resistance responses. Here, we employed poplar as a model woody plant to elucidate gene expression and the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance after oviposition by Micromelalopha sieversi (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Materials and Methods: The differences in gene expression of two Populus section Aigeiros clones (‘108’ (Populus × euramericana ‘Guariento’) and ‘111’ (Populus × euramericana ‘Bellotto’)) were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of oviposited, neighboring, and control plants. Results: We obtained 304,526,107 reads, with an average length of 300 bp and a total size of 40.77 Gb. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gene ontology terms of biological process, cellular component, and molecular function were mainly enriched in the “cell part”, “catalytic”, and “metabolic process” functions. Moreover, DEGs were mainly enriched in the following pathways: plant-pathogen interaction, linoleic acid metabolism, and cyanoamino acid metabolism (108-O vs. 108-C); metabolic pathways, photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, nitrogen metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism (111-O vs. 111-C); metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (111-N vs. 111-C); no pathways were significantly enriched in 108-N vs. 108-C. Up-regulated defense genes were associated with pathogenesis-related protein function, innate immune regulation, and biological stress response, with differences in specific genes. All genes related to photosynthetic activity were significantly down-regulated in oviposited and neighboring leaves of the two clones. Conclusions: Oviposited and neighboring ‘108’ and ‘111’ plants exhibited varying degrees of resistance upon oviposition, involving the up-regulation of various defense genes, decreased photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation, and increased secondary metabolic synthesis.
Assessing 3-D Spatial Extent of Near-Road Air Pollution around a Signalized Intersection Using Drone Monitoring and WRF-CFD Modeling
Authors: Lee Seung-Hyeop , Kwak Kyung-Hwan
Published: September 2020

In this study, we have assessed the three-dimensional (3-D) spatial extent of near-road air pollution around a signalized intersection in a densely populated area using collaborating methodologies of stationary measurements, drone monitoring, and atmospheric dispersion modeling. Stationary measurement data collected in the roadside apartment building showed a substantial effect of emitted pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), black carbon (BC), and ultrafine particles (UFPs), especially during the morning rush hours. Vertical drone monitoring near the road intersection exhibited a steeper decreasing trend with increasing altitude for BC concentration rather than for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration below the apartment building height. Atmospheric NOx dispersion was simulated using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for the drone measurement periods. Based on the agreement between the measured BC and simulated NOx concentrations, we concluded that the air pollution around the road intersection has adverse effects on the health of residents living within the 3-D spatial extent within at least 120 m horizontally and a half of building height vertically during the morning rush hours. The comparability between drone monitoring and WRF-CFD modeling can further guarantee the identification of air pollution hotspots using the methods.
Radiological Outcomes of Bone-Level and Tissue-Level Dental Implants: Systematic Review
Authors: Cosola Saverio , Marconcini Simone , Boccuzzi Michela , Menchini Fabris Giovanni Battista , Covani Ugo , Peñarrocha-Diago Miguel , Peñarrocha-Oltra David
Published: September 2020

Background: to assess the radiological marginal bone loss between bone-level or tissue-level dental implants through a systematic review of literature until September 2019. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase and other database were searched by two independent authors including only English articles. Results: The search provided 1028 records and, after removing the duplicates through titles and abstracts screening, 45 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. For qualitative analysis 20 articles were included, 17 articles of them for quantitative analysis counting a total of 1161 patients (mean age 54.4 years) and 2933 implants, 1427 inserted at Tissue-level (TL) and 1506 inserted at Bone-level (BL). The survival rate and the success rate were more than 90%, except for 2 studies with a success rate of 88% and 86.2%. No studies reported any differences between groups in term of success and survival rates. Three studies showed that BL-implants had statistically less marginal bone loss (p < 0.05). Only one study reported statistically less marginal bone loss in TL-implants (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In the most part of the studies, differences between implant types in marginal bone loss were not statistically significant after a variable period of follow-up ranged between 1 and 5 years.
Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension and Characteristics of Nocturnal Blood Pressure Profile of Asthma Patients According to Therapy and Severity of the Disease: The BADA Study
Authors: Di Raimondo Domenico , Musiari Gaia , Benfante Alida , Battaglia Salvatore , Rizzo Giuliana , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Scichilone Nicola , Pinto Antonio
Published: September 2020

Background: several studies report an increased risk for asthmatic subjects to develop arterial hypertension and the relationship between these two diseases, frequently co-existing, still has some unclear aspects. Methods: The BADA (blood pressure levels, clinical features and markers of subclinical cardiovascular damage of asthma patients) study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the cardiovascular comorbidities of asthma and their impact on the clinical outcome. The main exclusion criteria were the presence of other respiratory diseases, current smoking, any contraindication to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results: The overall percentage of asthmatics having also hypertension was 75% (30 patients) vs. 45% (18 patients) of the control group (p: 0.012). Reduced level of FEV1 (but not inhaled steroid therapy) was associated to newly-diagnosed hypertension (p: 0.0002), higher day SBP levels (p: 0.003), higher day DBP levels (p: 0.03), higher 24 h-SBP levels (p: 0.005) and higher 24h-DBP levels (p: 0.03). The regression analysis performed taking into account sex, age, diabetes, fasting glucose, and body mass index confirms the independent role played by asthma: odds ratio (OR): 3.66 (CI: 1.29–11.1). Conclusions: hypertension is highly prevalent in asthma; the use of ABPM has allowed the detection of a considerable number of unrecognized hypertensives.
Personal Music Players Use and Other Noise Hazards among Children 11 to 12 Years Old
Authors: Swierniak Weronika , Gos Elzbieta , Skarzynski Piotr Henryk , Czajka Natalia , Skarzynski Henryk
Published: September 2020

Exposure to loud music—due to widespread personal music players (PMPs) and noisy leisure activities—are major risk factors for noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in adolescents. However, there is little evidence of the impact of noise on the hearing of younger children. This study aimed to explore an association between PMP use and hearing, and to identify other sources of noise among children. The study sample consisted of 1032 children aged 11–12 years old. Hearing thresholds were determined from 0.5 to 8 kHz. PMP use and other noise exposures were evaluated using a survey. We found that 82% of the children had a PMP, and 78% were exposed to noise when playing computer games. An audiometric notch was documented in 1.3% of the children. Only 11.5% of the children ever used hearing protection while engaged in noisy activities. We found no convincing evidence of an association between PMP use and hearing thresholds, although our results suggest that tinnitus may be an early sign of NIHL in young children. The study shows a need to provide children, their parents, and educators with knowledge of how to take care of hearing, including how to avoid and minimize noise exposure.
Circulating Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5 Is Overexpressed in Serum from Osteoporotic Patients and Is Associated with Increased Risk of Bone Fragility
Authors: Visconti Virginia Veronica , Fittipaldi Simona , Ciuffi Simone , Marini Francesca , Isaia Giancarlo , D’Amelio Patrizia , Migliaccio Silvia , Marcocci Claudio , Minisola Salvatore , Nuti Ranuccio , Novelli Giuseppe , Brandi Maria Luisa , Botta Annalisa , Tarantino Umberto
Published: September 2020

Osteoporosis (OP) is a multifactorial disorder in which environmental factors along with genetic variants and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulators of bone metabolism and OP aetiology. In this study, we analyzed the expression level and the genetic association of lncRNA GAS5 in OP patients compared to controls. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of GAS5 was performed on the serum of 56 OP patients and 28 healthy individuals. OP subjects were divided into three groups of analysis: 29 with fragility fractures of lumbar spine (OP_VF), 14 with fragility fractures of femoral neck (OP_FF) and 13 without fractures (OP_WF). Genotyping of the rs145204276 insertion/deletion polymorphism has also been performed by Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing analyses. Expression of circulating GAS5 is significantly increased in OP patients compared to controls (p < 0.01), with a statistically higher significance in fractured OP individuals vs. healthy subjects (p < 0.001). No statistically significant change was found in female OP patients; conversely, GAS5 is upregulated in the subgroup of fractured OP women sera (p < 0.01) and in all OP males (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a direct correlation between GAS5 expression level and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was found in OP patients (r = 0.2930; p = 0.0389). Genetic analysis of rs145204276 revealed that the deletion allele was correlated with a higher expression of GAS5 in OP patients (0.22 ± 0.02 vs. 0.15 ± 0.01, ** p < 0.01). Our results suggest circulating GAS5 as a putative biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of OP and OP-related fractures.