bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation and propagation of classical swine fever virus in different cell lines
Authors: MEDHI P , SARMA D K , SARMAH R
Published: January 2024

Adaptation and propagation of 10 classical swine fever virus (CSFV) field isolates and the lapinized vaccine strain of CSFV were made in PK-15 and PS cell lines. None of the field isolates and the vaccine strain could be adapted in MDBK cell line. Four field isolates of CSFV produced cytopathic effect in both the cell lines. All the field isolates and the vaccine strain were propagated in both the cell lines up to fifth passage level after the initial adaptation. A gradual increase of the viral antigen based on the OD value in sandwich ELISA test was observed from the first to the fifth passages in the cell lines. The OD value of the virus isolates in the PK-15 cell line ranges from 0.612 to 1.538 and in the PS cell line ranges from 0.703 to 1.742 at fifth passage level. The log TCID50 of the virus isolates in the PK-15 cell line varies from 2.75 to 6.25 and in the PS cell line ranges from 2.25 to 6.50 at the fifth passage level. Although no statistically significant differences in the OD values and the logTCID50 values of the virus isolates and the vaccine virus strain was observed in the PK-15 and PS cell lines, but the use of PS cell line for adaptation and propagation of CSFV is the first report and this cell line appears to be one of the best alternatives of PK-15 cell line for propagation of CSFV.
Development of a novel multiplex PCR for detection of Brucella, Leptospira and Bovine herpesvirus-1
Authors: BHURE S K , CHANDAN S , AMACHAWADI R G , PATIL S S , SHOME RAJESWARI , GANGADHAR N L , GAJENDRA M R , PRABHUDAS K
Published: January 2024

A novel multiplex PCR (mPCR) was developed for detection of Brucella, Leptospira and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) targeting conserved regions of BCSP31, LipL32 and gB genes, respectively. No template controls were also run with each test. Electrophoresis of mPCR products showed bands specific to genus Brucella, Leptospira and BHV- 1, respectively. The assay detected as low as 15 pg of each template. The mPCR showed specific bands with 4 Brucella species, 14 pathogenic Leptospira serovars, BoHV-1. In addition, 10 (out of 135 bull semen samples) and 5 (out of 17 bovine blood samples) showed a ~640bp amplicon specific to brucellosis. Five human urine samples were tested; 3 found positive for Leptospira and other 2 were positive for both Leptospira and Brucella. The assay is accurate, specific and cost effective tool for detection of Brucella, Leptospira and bovine herpesvirus-1 and will also be a valuable tool for the diagnoses of co-infection. The assay could be a preferable detection methodology for routine screening and molecular epidemiology of brucellosis, leptospirosis and infectious bovine rhenotracheitis.
Effect of cryotop vitrification method on oocytes at different meiotic stages and embryo development in vitro
Authors: XIANGCHEN LI , YAXIN YAO , YIPENG WANG , HEPING LI , WEIJUN GUAN , YUEHUI MA
Published: January 2024

The effectiveness of existing procedures based on viable embryos per oocyte frozen remains low compared to use of fresh oocytes in cattle, and the probable causes of the freezing-induced reduction in oocyte developmental competence include chromosome, cytoskeleton disruption, or even the choice of the frozen stage of the oocytes. In the present study, after vitrification, the survival rate of GV and MI oocytes were significantly lower than those in MII. The vitrifid GV oocyte showed some chromosomes dispersed and less condensed, The vitrifid MI oocytes with “Fading’’ and discontinuous staining pattern were as having an abnormal microfilament distribution. The stage of GV and MI, both cleavage rate and blastocyst formation rate were reduced significantly. Therefore, the cryopreservation of GV or MI oocytes seems could not instead of the MII oocytes.
Circulating plasma exosomes reflect the severity of myocardial damage in STEMI patients
Authors: Zarà Marta , Baggiano Andrea , Amadio Patrizia , Campodonico Jeness , Gili Sebastiano , Annoni Andrea , De Dona Gianluca , Carerj Maria Ludovica , Cilia Francesco , Formenti Alberto , Fusini Laura , Banfi Cristina , Gripari Paola , Tedesco Calogero Claudio , Mancini Maria Elisabetta , Chiesa Mattia , Maragna Riccardo , Marchetti Francesca , Penso Marco , Tassetti Luigi , Volpe Alessandra , Bonomi Alice , Marenzi Giancarlo , Pontone Gianluca , Barbieri Silvia Stella
Published: January 2024

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication and they contribute to inflammation, coagulation and vascular injury. Exosomes have demonstrated a great potential as diagnostic markers of disease, however their ability to reflect myocardial damage assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is still unknown. To fill this gap, plasma exosomes were isolated from 42 STEMI patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and evaluated by CMR between days 3 and 6. Exosome concentration and size were measured by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, surface epitopes by flow cytometry, and platelet marker expression by ELISA kit. Exosome levels were greater in patients with anterior STEMI (p = 0.0001), with the culprit lesion located in LAD (p = 0.045), and in those who underwent late revascularization (p = 0.038). A smaller exosome size was observed in patients with a low myocardial salvage index (MSI, p = 0.014). Exosomes of patients with microvascular obstruction (MVO) had smaller dimension (p < 0.002) and lower expression of the platelet marker CD41–CD61 (p = 0.039). Exosome size and CD41–CD61 expression were independent predictors of MVO/MSI (OR [95% CI]: 0.93 [0.87–0.98] and 0.04 [0–0.61], respectively). In conclusion, we reported for the first time the ability of exosomes isolated a few days after STEMI to reflect myocardial damage. In particular, the exosome size and expression of the platelet marker CD41–CD61, likely reflecting the level of circulating platelet-derived exosome, were independent predictors of MVO and low MSI that are both predictors of short-term prognosis of acute STEMI after pPCI treatment and are key variables for risk-stratification of patients after STEMI. This finding paves the way for the development of a new strategy for the timely identification of high-risk patients and their treatment optimization.
Japanese and Western Influences on the Local Animation Character Design Identity in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Khalis Faryna , Ibrahim Syazliyati , Subri Shafilla , Adnan Nurul Atikah , Ismail Abdullah Kula
Published: January 2024

Identity is regulated by culture and can be delivered meaningfully in numerous expressions, among which animated designs. In tandem with technological evolution, animation today shows fusions of various cultures. Two main influences in the Malaysian animation industry are Japan and Western countries due to their status as pioneers in animation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influence of Malaysian, Japanese and Western animated character designs on the local university students’ production of their character designs. This study was conducted based on semiotic theory, followed by a research method that employed a content analysis approach using the SPSS software. Through the analysis of cross-distribution and Chi-Square, it was found that the criteria of physique, national characteristics, and colors in the students’ work showed similar characteristics to both local and foreign animations. Consequently, further studies should be conducted to comprehend why the students are inspired by Japanese and Western styles. These influences also raise the question of whether these cross-cultural forms lead to a new identity of Malaysian animation or only a trend.
College Athletes Flex Their Muscles
Authors: Kaliss Gregory J.
Published: January 2024

This chapter assesses the rising tide of college athlete activism--especially among black men at predominantly white schools in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)--in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Inspired by boxer Muhammad Ali, athlete-turned-scholar Harry Edwards, and Black Power, black college athletes across the country began to use their prominence to advocate for a wide range of changes inside and outside sports. Charlie Scott’s struggles as the first black basketball player at the University of North Carolina highlight the challenges faced by athletes who wanted to initiate social change as solitary racial pioneers. The saga of the Wyoming 14--University of Wyoming football players suspended by their coach for activism--underscores racism and white supremacy in leadership positions in college sports.
Demographics and Housing
Authors: Leslie Thomas
Published: January 2024

The second wave of the Great Migration exacerbated Chicago’s housing crisis as exploitative landlords took advantage of new arrivals’ desperate need for shelter. The city responded by forming the Chicago Housing Authority, which began a short but productive run of progressive mid-rise projects. Public and private investment forged new subsidized developments that inspired construction and design innovation. Knowledge from these migrated to middle- and upper-class housing. Mies van der Rohe’s first skyscrapers—Promontory Apartments and the “Glass Houses” at 860-880 Lake Shore Drive—were built by a team who had honed their skills on affordable cooperative developments. The city’s housing innovations through the early 1950s drew the attention of Architectural Forum, which devoted a full issue to “Eight Chicago Apartments” in 1955.
Skyscrapers As Civic Monuments
Authors: Leslie Thomas
Published: January 2024

The Central Area Plan recognized that local, state, and federal governments could play leading roles by reinvesting in the Loop themselves. Daley hiself led the effort to build a new Civic Center adjacent to City Hall, a structurally innovative tower that housed offices and courtrooms in a monumental structure fronting a giant plaza, while the federal government anchored the South Loop with new Mies van der Rohe-designed offices, courtrooms, and postal facilities that also all opened onto a new public space. These two complexes on Dearborn were complemented by the civically-minded First National Bank, which built its sloping headquarters building between the two—also with a plaza that became one of the Loop’s major cultural attractions, hosting concerts and events throughout the 1970s.
After Sears
Authors: Leslie Thomas
Published: January 2024

Even as Sears reached its world-beating height, Chicago’s postwar skyscraper boom saw changing conditions that halted what had seemed like inevitable progress. Daley’s power waned after the disastrous 1968 Democratic Convention, while the 1973 energy crisis caused price spikes and sparked concern over skyscrapers’ energy consumption. Architecturally, Mies van der Rohe’s death in 1969 left the city without its leading arbiter of skyscraper aesthetics; a younger generation rebelled against the prevailing rigor of structural grids and sober, repetitive elevations. Postmodernism offered a stylistic alternative, and while many of its practitioners in Chicago maintained some allegiance to Miesian principles, the city saw a burst of creative energy even as its skyscraper boom ended—at least temporarily.
Elegant Moves
Authors: Malcomson Hettie
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces danzón events in the Port and outlines differences between the older, lírico style of danzón and the disciplined, codified, académico style, mostly performed in groups, which became popular as danzón underwent a non-heritage revival from the 1980s. An ideal of elegance stimulated, and became increasingly embodied in, the académico aesthetic, and spectacle akin to cultural nationalist presentations of folkloric dance became highly valued. This chapter argues that the revivalist académico style assumed a modernist aesthetic linked to elegance, whiteness, elite cosmopolitanism, nationalism, and colonial violence. It interrogates this aesthetic by bringing together scholarship on modern and Latin ballroom dance, European Early Music, cosmopolitanism, Amalia Hernández’s Ballet Folklórico de México, and regional folkloric dances, including Veracruz’s son jarocho.
With Freedom in Our Ears
Authors: Goyens Tom
Published: January 2024

This book is the first major collection of scholarship focusing on the history of Jewish anarchists and anarchist movements. Contributions from twelve scholars across multiple disciplines examine varieties of Jewish anarchist politics as they arose across Europe and North America. Collectively, these studies examine the historical relationships between Jewish ethnicity, nationalism, cosmopolitanism, Judaism, and radicalism in different contexts as well as in different languages. Examples of Jewish anarchist philosophy, literature, journalism, and art are included alongside studies of Jewish involvement in Russian revolutionary cells and interethnic labor and radical organizations in the United States. They show that there was never a singular or uniform “Jewish anarchism,” but rather a diversity of Jewish anarchisms that creatively reconciled Jewish identity, anarchist ideology, and local and transnational contexts. In addition to collecting the newest and best scholarship on Jewish anarchism, this volume also outlines current debates and future avenues of research on the topic
Political Satire in the Yiddish Anarchist Press, 1890–1918
Authors: Hunyadi Binyamin
Published: January 2024

Poetry was the most important literary genre in the Yiddish anarchist canon, but satire also played a significant role in the shaping of its unique literary voice. The forerunner of this radical innovation was the socialist activist, poet, and satirist Morris Winchevsky, whose satirical persona, Der meshugener filosof, almost single-handedly established modern Yiddish political satire. The main Yiddish anarchists influenced by him were Dovid Edelshtat and Dovid Apotheker, who both grappled with the potentials of the genre. Though Edelshtat could not fully realize the critical potential of modern political satire, Apotheker succeeded in creating his own innovative satirical figure, which became highly influential in anarchist circles in the final decade of the nineteenth century.
Translation, Politics, Pragmatism, and the American Yiddish Press
Authors: Brinn Ayelet
Published: January 2024

This essay explores the crucial role of translation in the development of the anarchist newspaper the Fraye arbeter ahtime. Yiddish newspapers like the Fraye arbeter shtime incorporated significant amounts of material translated from a variety of languages. This was, in part, a way to fill understaffed, underfunded publications. But it was also an integral component of the ideological projects of these newspapers, and a method to introduce readers to a variety of political discourses. In the aftermath of the assassination of William McKinley in 1901, the role of translation in the Fraye arbeter shtime became a topic of fierce contention among anarchist leaders, who invoked the paper’s translation strategies to debate the past, present, and future of anarchism and anarchist Yiddish newspaper publishing in America.
Introduction
Authors: Bauer Erin E.
Published: January 2024

The introduction presents a historical framework for Texas-Mexican conjunto music and outlines the primary arguments of the book. It lays out a theoretical foundation relating to processes and implications of globalization and describes the basic organization of the book in three sections corresponding to these three processes (media/migration, hybridization, and appropriation). It summarizes the fundamental characteristics of conjunto music, as understood from a historical perspective, outlines the history of conjunto research, and describes the basic arguments of the subsequent chapters.
“That’s my music!”
Authors: Bauer Erin E.
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores international conjunto musicians, arguing that artists outside of the United States “make up” for any lack of “fixed” characteristics of identity by maintaining traditional musical traits. In addition, these artists adopt a performative persona that aligns with traditional Texas-Mexican understandings. This process of globalization creates a theoretical folk-popular continuum of variance within a single genre, depending on aesthetic traits but also on sociocultural identities. While international artists are released from historical narratives of conjunto as identity, analysis of individual circumstances shows significance for the music within each musician’s home region. International musicians therefore shift definitions of conjunto via new interpretations of identity.
“ ¡Esto es globalización! ”
Authors: Bauer Erin E.
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses popular musicians in the United States and abroad who collaborate with local conjunto artists and/or use conjunto influences in their works. These include Dutch rock band Rowwen Hèze and Flaco Jiménez’s collaborations with commercialized rock stars like Ry Cooder, Dwight Yoakam, and the Rolling Stones. Depending on circumstance, these musical adoptions can be analyzed as interconnected, exoticized, and/or exploitative. For example, Flaco’s early work with mainstream popular artists is considered in parallel with various manifestations of the so-called world music movement. Alternatively, the wholesale adoption of conjunto songs into the repertory of Rowwen Hèze represents a worldwide imagined community of musicians drawn from similar aesthetic heritages and sociocultural circumstances.
Crimes of Passion
Authors: Russell Catherine
Published: January 2024

Stanwyck’s role in Double Indemnity, provoked by Billy Wilder, is examined in this chapter as a gamble with her body, her star image, and her labor that ultimately enabled her to play more complex characters in postwar cinema. Following Elisabeth Bronfen and Julie Grossman, the capacity for violence in characters such as Phyllis Dietrichson and Kathy Doyle in Crimes of Passion is read as an expression of agency and, in Walter Benjamin’s words, “a destructive character,” who is entirely open to a changed future. Stanwyck’s “new New Woman” of the 1940s is entirely at home in commodity culture but not at all at home in marriage.
Illicit
Authors: Russell Catherine
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines two of Stanwyck’s pre-Code films--Illicit (1931) and Baby Face (1933)--in which Stanwyck’s characters challenge the status quo of moral behavior while also being depicted as “women with theories,” or smart women. The analysis engages with aspects of Stanwyck’s performance that elicit sympathy for immoral characters, her use of dissembling and pretense, as well as the narrative traps that provide closure. The censorship of Baby Face is examined in light of the question of audience and archival stardom, given that few audiences actually saw the film in the 1930s.
No Man of Her Own
Authors: Russell Catherine
Published: January 2024

No Man of Her Own (1950) is one of several Stanwyck films in which she plays a character playing another character. This chapter investigates the trope of the doubled woman in mid-century Hollywood in terms of the recognizability of the actor’s body and voice, building on Britta Sjogren’s analysis of this film as a key example of a fragmented female subjectivity. Taking into account The File on Thelma Jordan (1950) as well, Stanwyck’s tendency toward what James Naremore calls “expressive coherence” is interpreted instead as a dissonance and incoherence of female subjectivity within the Hollywood system.
The Queen
Authors: Russell Catherine
Published: January 2024

One of Stanwyck’s nicknames was “The Queen,” and this chapter explores the connotations of this appellation with respect to her status as camp icon. Cattle Queen of Montana (1954), The Maverick Queen (1956), The Big Valley (1965-1969), and The Thorn Birds (1983) are analyzed in terms of Stanwyck’s performances and queenly characters. Stanwyck’s queenliness on studio sets referred to her disciplined approach to the task of filmmaking and also to her sharpness with those whose professionalism she felt to be below par. Unpacking Stanwyck’s queenliness is a means of getting at the double standards applied to female stars and the cultural economy of camp.
Group Actions
Authors: Griffith Lauren Miller
Published: January 2024

This chapter describes overt actions taken by capoeira groups in their support of social causes. It opens with the description of a protest march that followed George Floyd’s murder and explores the symbols organizers used to construct links between the history of capoeira and contemporary concerns. It argues that when capoeiristas appear in public, their bodies support and amplify the messages espoused by their teachers or the organizers of the protests they are attending (e.g., Black Lives Matter, the Occupy movement). It explores the difference between encouraging and mandating participation in such activities. This chapter also calls attention to how capoeiristas use public rodas to celebrate relevant holidays like Martin Luther King Jr. Day and Juneteenth.
Boa Viagem
Authors: Griffith Lauren Miller
Published: January 2024

This chapter reinforces the point that leisure communities can be important sites of resistance and activism. It also reiterates the claim that the social justice orientation among present-day, US capoeiristas crosscuts stylistic affiliations. The chapter argues that whether or not capoeiristas engage in more visible acts of social justice like attending protests, they are still engaged in a form of prefigurative politics and contribute to the survival of an art that was once banned in part because of its association with poor, marginalized Black people. The chapter also lists some unexplored themes that should be pursued in future research and evaluates the uniqueness of capoeira’s social values relative to other martial arts like Brazilian jiu-jitsu.
Religion in Contemporary Ireland
Authors: O’brien Hazel
Published: January 2024

This chapter seeks to set Irish Mormonism in its specific place-based context. It explains how Irish society has developed in ways that are similar to, and distinct from, its European neighbours, and the place of religions within that milieu. It reflects on how sudden economic growth changed Irish society and Irish culture, and illustrates how religions in Ireland have been experienced in the midst of these adaptations. The chapter introduces the role of collective memory to theorise this experience, arguing that collective memory is variously used in Irish society to sustain a sense of tradition in the midst of fragmentation and it employs Hervieu-Léger’s ‘chain of memory’ concept to apply this to religions in Ireland.
Irish-Irish and Mormon-Irish
Authors: O’brien Hazel
Published: January 2024

Irishness and Catholicism are still unavoidably intertwined, though in sometimes new and different ways than before. Within this worldview, Mormonism is not associated with being Irish, and so Irish converts from Catholicism are thought by others to have in some way, lost a part of their national identity. This chapter illumines that Mormonism in Ireland is often considered as a small, strange, and foreign religion and this framing of Mormonism has significant consequences for adherents sense of identity in the everyday. Viewed as outsiders, both Irish-born Mormons and Mormons of other nationalities living in Ireland attempt to assert belonging to Ireland in various ways. Though their very presence constitutes a break with Ireland’s Catholic past, their attempts to belong signify that they recognise the importance of the continuance of traditional conceptions of Irishness and are active in their maintenance of such understandings.
Reflections for the Future
Authors: O’brien Hazel
Published: January 2024

This concluding chapter focuses upon the most significant points of discussion of the previous chapters. It notes that conversion to Mormonism does not entail an outright rejection of the traditions of the majority society. Rather, the continued emphasis on family, community, tradition, and Jesus Christ, held in common between Irish Catholicism and Mormonism allows for a continuity of previous tradition to emerge within the experience of a new religion for converts. It reiterates that community is meaningful for Mormons in Ireland at three levels. First, at the level of the family, second within the congregation, and finally at the level of a national and/or global community of Mormons. At all three levels, community is experienced in terms of continuity and change. It acknowledges that US Mormonism influences the Mormon worldview and affects patterns of behaviour in Ireland, yet notes that Irish Mormons have nonetheless created their own version of Mormonism which takes account of their local experiences in the Church and which has adapted to the majority Irish society in which they find themselves. Finally, it notes that high levels of concealment Mormon religious identity in Ireland has the unintended consequence of creating a continuance of the dominant Irish Catholic narrative. By obscuring their identities, Mormons in Ireland are inadvertently concealing the breadth of religious diversity which exists in Ireland. Therefore, the presence of Irish Mormonism is an indication of the level of change which has occurred within the religious landscape in Ireland, yet simultaneously, their concealing strategies continues to perpetuate the Irish Catholic tradition.
“Health Is Just Everything”
Authors: McCusker Kristine M.
Published: January 2024

In a postwar generational shift, some Southerners believed that statistics, pamphlets, and new moneys from the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 might expand upon the oversight and care proffered by the U.S. military during World War I. Indeed, there was some reason to be optimistic as the American Red Cross and the United States Public Health Service attacked specific causes of high death, especially infant and maternal mortality, pellagra, and drowning. Intransigent state officials refused, however, to spend money on public health, leaving a decentered, segregated system that provided only some care.
“Fitting Himself for the Newspaper Profession”
Authors: Allen Gene
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the main themes of the book and explains why a focus on Kent Cooper is an effective way of tracing the history of Associated Press, the evolution of journalistic practices in the United States (including the notion of objectivity), and the development of an international news system between 1910 and 1950. It sketches Cooper’s early life and early career in journalism, leading to his being hired at AP in 1910.
The Opposition
Authors: Allen Gene
Published: January 2024

This chapter traces the relationship between AP and its major rivals, United Press and William Randolph Hearst’s International News Service, clearly demonstrating the fundamental importance of competition in Cooper’s decision making. The fact that the owners of INS and UP also owned numerous newspapers that were AP members-- and therefore had a voice in its decisions-- profoundly complicated the relationship. The chapter includes an account of the Hearst-led challenge to AP’s oligopolistic governing structure and successful demand to expand its system of excusive local franchises.
International Ambitions
Authors: Allen Gene
Published: January 2024

This chapter traces Cooper’s battle to gain independence from the international news cartel controlled by Reuters and Havas. It was a long and difficult struggle, not only because the ruling agencies opposed it but also because many powerful people inside AP were committed to the relationship. Demonstrating a strong grasp of strategy, Cooper wrung out small concessions in successive contract revisions and tested the limits of AP’s autonomy by pursuing direct relations with news agencies and newspapers in Spain, Japan, and Italy, where (after meeting Mussolini in person) he sought a stronger connection with the Fascist-controlled Stefani agency.
New Media
Authors: Allen Gene
Published: January 2024

Cooper was a strong advocate of new technologies throughout his AP career. He supported AP’s involvement with radio beginning in the 1920s but was unable to make headway because many AP members saw radio as an existential threat to newspapers. While AP delayed, United Press and other rivals that embraced radio made major gains at AP’s expense. The chapter also tells the story of another 1930s technological innovation: the instantaneous transmission of news photos. This was entirely driven by Cooper, who pursued it ruthlessly despite bitter opposition from AP members whose owners operated competing photo services.
Policy
Authors: Shepperd Josh
Published: January 2024

Chapter 5 examines the foundational arc of public media policy after the Communications Act of 1934, focusing on the interpersonal dynamic between practitioners, grassroots advocates, and policymakers. It briefly discusses how educational funding exchanged language with communications policy, and how advocacy for facilities and infrastructure turned out to be the most persuasive angle to influence changes in policy, replacing early moral appeals for media as a public service. The chapter closes with an examination of the internal discussions at the FCC regarding educational television frequency assignments. Thanks to fifteen years of previous educational radio advocacy and progress in radio aesthetics, a liberal FCC, and support from the Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, the Sixth Report and Order of 1952 set aside 11.7 percent of new television channels for educational broadcasting after the “TV Freeze.”
Sanctuary Is Justice
Authors: Lindskoog Carl
Published: January 2024

This chapter traces the evolution of the Sanctuary Movement from its origins in the early 1980s to its more multifaceted expressions in the first decades of the twenty-first century. The movement that first emerged in the early 1980s came in response to the U.S. proxy wars in Central America and the U.S. government’s subsequent refusal to grant asylum to Central Americans fleeing the region. The author traces the national network of faith and secular communities that gave refuge to Central Americans in violation of U.S. immigration law, as well as the U.S. government’s crackdown on these sanctuary activists; but he also examines the legal tools and strategies activists developed that allowed the movement to survive and expand over the next few decades. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the Sanctuary Movement had developed into a more far-reaching campaign for human rights, economic justice, and peace.
Introduction
Authors: Riddell William D.
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the key argument of the book, that class conflict powerfully shaped U.S. imperial expansion between 1972 and 1924. It introduces the key players and organizations--such as the American Federation of Labor, the Sailors Union of the Pacific and their national affiliate the international Seamen’s Union of America--in the conflict over the boundaries of the emerging U.S. imperial system and argues that organized labor were key players in shaping U.S. imperial expansion. More specifically, it argues that shipping capital and maritime labor represented the dual threads that stitched together, ripped apart, and restitched the seams of empire.
The Way We Build
Authors: Erlich Mark
Published: January 2024

This book reviews the nature of construction work—past, present, and future. Despite being one of our economy’s major industries, relatively little has been written about the world of construction. Viewed from the perspective of a participant as well as an observer, the author examines the unique characteristics of the industry, the historical decline of building trades unionism, the corporate assault on labor, the growth of a non-union sector characterized by lower wages and unsafe conditions, the emergence of an undocumented immigrant workforce, long-standing discriminatory racial and gender practices, the efforts by federal and state regulatory agencies to combat misclassification, wage theft, and payroll fraud, and the prospects for new technology, automation, and other forms of innovation. For many decades, the building trades served as a crucial pathway to the middle class for blue-collar workers. Today, the industry is segmented. Union strongholds still offer attractive working conditions but in many parts of the country, daily life in the industry has become more precarious. The book concludes with a program for union revival, suggestions about organizing, and community-labor alliances that could assist in the restoration of that pathway.
The Comintern, the Communist Party of Mexico, and the “Sandino Case”
Authors: Jeifets Lazar , Jeifets Víctor
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyzes the complex relations among the Communist International, its national section in Mexico, and the Nicaraguan anti-imperialist movement that Augusto César Sandino led, in order to inquire into the causes of its creation and the breakdown of their alliance. Practically unknown Comintern documents housed in Moscow, as well as Sandino’s correspondence kept in Mexican archives, make it possible to recover the little-known history of the relations within the “triangle” formed by Sandino, the left, and the Mexican government in the second half of the 1920s. By showing that one of the reasons for the communists’ interest in Sandino was broadening their influence through frontist tactics, the chapter reviews those relations and explains the causes of the breakup between the Comintern and Sandino’s movement. Finally, the chapter concludes that Moscow and the Mexican communists were unable to maintain an adequate level of interaction with Sandino and that personal conflicts exacerbated the situation.
Assessing Compliance and Attitude to patient safety goal of patient identification among nurses: A cross-sectional observational survey
Authors: Quadros Adriel , Dsouza Brayal , Mundkur Suneel , Thomas Jibu
Published: January 2024

Abstract:

Background: Patient identification is an important patient safety goal, healthcare providers have primary responsibility for verifying a patient's identity appropriately before intended interventions in the hospital. It is important for the hospital management team to develop and ensure the practice of patient identification policy.

Objective:  To assess knowledge, attitude, and compliance to patient safety goal of patient identification

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 231 staff nurses of inpatient departments using random sampling at a tertiary hospital. The staff nurses were assessed for knowledge, attitude, and practices on patient safety of right patient identification using a knowledge-based questionnaire, structured validated questionnaire to measure attitude towards patient safety, and observational checklist for compliance to patient identification in practice

Results: More than 50 percent of the nurses had a positive attitude towards reporting, acknowledging and dealing with mistakes, and concentrating on causes that could result in improving patient safety. Majority believed, management provided fair treatment for reporting but were more inclined and invested towards meeting targets of the organization. The compliance with all the identification practices was more than 80% with few areas of improvement identified for a compliance rate of less than 90%.

Conclusion: Patient identification practices require special attention in health care delivery to avoid misleading errors and harm. It is thereby important to measure compliance and attitude of HCP at regular intervals to improve reporting and devising strategies. The compliance rate can be further improved by using strategies like standardizing approaches, provision of clear protocol, training, and patient education, and most importantly creating a culture of reporting and demonstrating management's inclination towards quality assurance
The Common Agricultural and Food Policy of the European Union: An Assessment of its Framework, Stages and Regulations
Authors: Günay Halil
Published: January 2024

Agriculture (production) and food (consumption) are two important political fields that affect each other and have direct links. Agriculture and food, which have a vital function in human life, affect many areas, especially the economy of farmers and people and are interrelated. Therefore, the Common Agricultural and Food Policy is one of the most important common policy areas for the European Union, both in terms of budget and other common policies. The importance of this common policy increases especially for the smooth and smooth functioning of the common market. In this context, this study investigates the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community of the European Union and the Common Agricultural Policy established in line with the Treaty's objective of establishing a common market. Under the influence of global and regional events, state and non-state actors have protectionist and revisionist tendencies in some political areas. The European Union, which is an important non-state actor in the international system in global and regional areas, has made protectionist-centered revisions in some political areas due to both its internal dynamics and the global and regional events in the system. One of the political areas in which the European Union has made revisions is the Common Agricultural Policy. The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union has been updated in line with its needs, especially regarding food security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions to zero.
IMPLEMENTASI PRODUK INOVASI TEMPAT PEMBAKARAN SAMPAH “PAKAR PALING BERHATI” DI DESA CIHIDEUNG ILIR, BOGOR
Authors: Juliano Kurnia Ronaldo , Irwan Mutiara Selvayanti , Alfareza Fikri , Putri Zahra Assyifa , Ariyanti Novie , Fitriyani Amanda , Fachri Muhammad Ryan , Ruswendra Muhammad , Syihab Faizah
Published: January 2024

The environment plays a vital role in sustaining life on Earth, particularly for humans. Maintaining a clean and healthy environment is crucial, as it significantly impacts the well-being of all living beings. This study explores the challenges of improper waste disposal in Desa Cihideung Ilir, located in the Ciampea district of Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The inadequate waste management in this area has led to pollution, health risks, and a negative impact on the community's quality of life. The research involves the development of an innovative solution known as "Pakar Paling Berhati," a Clean, Healthy, and Happy Environmental Waste Incineration Facility. The project includes several phases, starting with problem identification, partner engagement, coordination, and implementation. It involves educating the community about the importance of waste management and the proper use of the waste incineration facility. The initiative aims to raise awareness and empower the local population to actively participate in maintaining a clean environment. This project aligns with the broader goal of promoting one innovation per village, as part of the government's initiative to support community-driven development and improve the quality of life in rural areas. Kehidupan manusia dan ekosistem bumi sangat tergantung pada lingkungan yang bersih dan sehat. Namun, masalah kebersihan lingkungan, khususnya pembuangan sampah sembarangan, masih menjadi permasalahan serius di banyak wilayah, termasuk Desa Cihideung Ilir, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi masalah ini dan mengembangkan inovasi berupa "Tempat Pembakaran Sampah Lingkungan Bersih, Sehat, dan Bahagia" yang bertujuan untuk mengatasi pengelolaan sampah yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Dalam tahap identifikasi masalah, ditemukan bahwa kurangnya pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan menjadi penyebab utama pembuangan sampah sembarangan, terutama ke sungai dan jalan. Ini memiliki dampak negatif, termasuk pencemaran air dan tanah, kerusakan ekosistem, dan masalah kesehatan. Solusi yang diusulkan meliputi sosialisasi tentang pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan, peningkatan kesadaran, dan pembuatan Tempat Pembakaran Sampah Lingkungan (Pakar Paling Berhati). Hasil dari kegiatan ini diharapkan akan memberikan manfaat berupa peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan, pengelolaan sampah yang lebih efektif, dan pengurangan pencemaran lingkungan. Program inovasi ini merupakan langkah menuju pemecahan masalah sampah yang berkelanjutan di Desa Cihideung Ilir. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini merupakan upaya untuk memahami, mengatasi, dan mengurangi dampak negatif pembuangan sampah sembarangan terhadap lingkungan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
PENYULUHAN DAN LAYANAN DETEKSI DINI PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR BAGI MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN ROA MALAKA
Authors: Sucahyo Nur , Artini Ni Made , Tatyana Tatyana , Darwanti Dhenok , Rochendi Teddy , Broto Satrio , Sari Jamah , Kurniati Ike , Dharmalau Andy , Sopian Adi , Septiana Ristasari Dwi
Published: January 2024

In Indonesia, the mortality rate due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are types of diseases that are not caused by germ infections. It is a chronic or catastrophic disease that can cause economic disruption for the sufferer due to the length of treatment and can cause limb disabilities. Various non-communicable diseases like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke, and others. Routine basic health checks are one way to prevent non-communicable diseases. The community service program provides free basics health services in collaboration with the Puskesmas of Roa Malaka village by providing health services including checking blood pressure, blood sugar, uric acid, and cholesterol. The results of this community service activity carried out by ITB Swadharma are beneficial for the Roa Malaka health center to detect diseases that may appear in the community so that preventive action can be taken by providing various drugs needed. Di Indonesia, angka kematian akibat dari penyakit tidak menular (PTM) semakin meningkat. Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) merupakan jenis penyakit yang bukan disebabkan oleh infeksi kuman. Penyakit ini termasuk kronik atau katastropik yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan ekonomi bagi penderitanya karena lamanya perawatan dan dapat menyebabkan cacat pada anggota tubuh. Macam penyakit tidak menular seperti penyakit jantung, kanker, diabetes, stroke dan lain lain. Pemeriksaan kesehatan dasar secara rutin, merupakan salah satu cara pencegahan berbagai macam penyakit tidak menular. Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan menyediakan layanan kesehatan dasar secara gratis bekerja sama dengan Puskesmas kelurahan Roa Malaka dengan memberikan layanan kesehatan diantaranya pengecekan tekanan darah, gula darah, asam urat, dan kolesterol. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh ITB Swadharma ini sangat membantu puskesmas Roa Malaka untuk mendeteksi penyakit yang kemungkinan muncul di masyarakat, sehingga dapat diambil tindakan preventif dengan menyediakan berbagai obat yang dibutuhan.
Multi-Attribute Monitoring of Therapeutic mRNA by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Menneteau Thomas , Butré Claire I. , Mouvet Damien , Delobel Arnaud
Published: January 2024

Therapeutic mRNA is receiving growing interest in various therapeutic applications such as genome editing, cancer immunotherapy and prophylactic vaccines. As with other drugs, it is essential to guarantee product quality. Among the critical quality attributes of therapeutic mRNA, characterization of the capping and poly(A) tail are of the greatest importance because of their involvement in mRNA stability and in the efficiency of protein synthesis. This article presents a method for the simultaneous characterization of both attributes in a single sample preparation workflow. The method involves lipid extraction, various RNAse enzymes, purification steps and LC–MS to analyze the capping and poly(A) tailing.
Native Separation-Mass Spectrometry in Biopharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: Jooß Kevin , Somsen Govert W.
Published: January 2024

Analytical methods that allow separation and identification of therapeutic proteins under native conditions play a crucial role in studying their higher-order structures and structure–function relationships. Recently, hyphenated techniques that combine native-mode separation with native mass spectrometry (nMS) have emerged as highly valuable tools for the targeted assessment of these quality attributes. This article outlines current native separation strategies coupled with nMS designed to characterize biopharmaceuticals close to their natural state. The methods provide worthwhile insights into aspects like aggregation, charge variants, conjugate stoichiometry, affinity, and conformation. As multidimensional chromatographic techniques and ion-mobility spectrometry become more accessible in laboratories, further advances in the development of native hyphenated techniques capable of simultaneously providing compositional, structural, and functional information on biopharmaceuticals can be expected.
Recaudación de impuesto a la renta en la zona de planificación 7 de Ecuador periodo 2019 – 2022
Authors: García Salazar Susana , Ludeña Eras Gladys , Maldonado Román Mary Beatriz
Published: January 2024

Esta investigación analiza los ingresos que obtiene el Estado por la recaudación del impuesto a la renta de la zona de planificación 7, en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2019-2022, además busca determinar cuáles con las principales actividades económicas del Valor Agregado Bruto (VAB) que generan mayores ingresos tributarios al país, a través de un enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo, los indicadores fueron obtenidos sobre la base de datos de las páginas de Servicio de Rentas Internas y el Banco Central del Ecuador. Según los resultados obtenidos en los años 2020 y 2021 la recaudación disminuyó, mientras que en año 2022 se evidencia un incremento en la recaudación del 72%, por otro lado, la provincia que contribuye mayoritariamente con el impuesto a la renta fue El Oro sobre todo en los años 2019, 2020 y 2021, pero en el año 2022 se sitúa en primer lugar la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, se observa también que las principales actividades económicas del VAB que más dinamizan la economía en las provincias de la zona de planificación 7 son: el cultivo de banano, café y cacao; las actividades de servicios financieros y la explotación de minas y canteras. Se concluye que el sector económico que tiene un mayor impacto en la recaudación fiscal de impuesto a la renta es aquel que genera más valor agregado bruto en los productos y servicios que producen las empresas en el país, pero que no necesariamente garantiza una mayor redistribución de los recursos a las zonas de planificación de Ecuador.