bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI METODE KEPRAMUKAAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR TAMAN MUDA JETIS YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Wijayanti Dwi
Published: January 2019

This research aims to : (1) Know and describe in applying the education character hrough the Scouting Method at SD Taman MudaJetis Yogyakarta, (2) describe the learning process of scouting method to build studentâ€™s character at SD Taman MudaJetis Yogyakarta (3) identify obstacle in applying the education chacater through the scouting method at SD Taman MudaJetis Yogyakarta, and find solutions to overcome the obstacles.This was a qualitative research. In order to gain data, the researcher used direct observation, indept interview, and documentation. The data analysis techniques are data reduction, data categorize, data display and verification, while the data validation included internal validation, external validation, reliability and objectivity.The result of the research showed that: (1) The Learning to use scouting methods inÂ  SD Taman Muda Jetis Yogyakarta done through a variety of methods with in the context ofÂ  scouting methods. The methods used include other outbond, ceremony, game, scouting skills, scouting challenge, a media based approach to Information Technology. (2) The planting pf characterÂ  values such as discipline was done withÂ  the ceremony, and exercise. Asense of responbility and competition honed through scouting skills, scouting challenge. In adition so that learners have the knowledge and not but of date then use a media based approach to Information Technology. The learning prsocess with methods of scouting can be done as following : (a) Experience, (b) Reflect, (c) Form Concept, (d) Test Concept. (3) The planting of character values of scouting had a few obastacles, among other: Limited land the school, Lack of facilities and infrastructure in the implementation of activities. lack of teachers who stand as a builder because it should have a base there must be a scoutmaster sons and daughters in every level, as well as the limitations of time and cost to implement the methods Visit. The steps taken to overcome the obstacles, among others, include alumni high school desk in first and senior high schoolto also train the scouts in primary school, propose to the school to hold the branch quarter in order to participate in providing materials refresher training with Regency Council and Distric Council every 3 months, as well as their regular meetings between the principals, teachers and staff are held every 3 months for monitoring and evaluation of the learning process that takes place both intra and extra.
PERAN PARENT CHILD RELATIONSHIP PADA ORIENTASI SEKSUAL GAY
Authors: Retaminingrum Amalia Novita
Published: January 2019

This research is conducted to see the role of parent child relationship in gay. Parent child relationship is an interaction between parent and a child which is included three main aspects namely, parenting, attachment, and social learning. Every individual has sexual orientation or has interested to other, it could be the same sex or to the other opposite sex. The person who is interested to the same sex, called Homosexual. Homosexual could be divided by two, which is lesbian and gay. This research is conducted on gay or individual male who is interested to the same sex. This research uses qualitative approach with in-depth interview to six persons who is 20 up to 40 years old who has gay sexual orientation. The result of this research shown that three aspects in parent child relationship has a role to six gay. On the first aspect, it is found that abusive in parenting has a big influence in sexual orientation, as well as the second aspect, attachment, which has a role to sexual preference in gay. On the third aspect namely social learning has a role in a learning process with environment that has the same sexual orientation; in this case, it is strengthen the individual sexual orientation.
PERENCANAAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH I MALANG
Authors: Putri Utami Ima Wahyu , Suwandayani Beti Istanti
Published: January 2019

The development in the digital era also accompanies the development in the world of education. The implementation of the 2013 curriculum requires careful planning to produce quality output. This planning begins with preparing prota, promes, RPP. This study aims  to analyze thematic learning planning based on local wisdom, to describe the supporting and inhibiting factors and to describe the effort done by the school to overcome the problem. This research uses qualitative descriptive research conducted at SD Muhammadiyah I Malang, data collection techniques used, among others, observation, interview and documentation. And the results of this research shows that teachers at SD Muhammadiyah I Malang have implemented a local wisdom-based learning plan before teaching and learning activities begin. Supporting factors of quality human resources, and adequate infrastructure facilities. While the inhibiting factor is the implementation of local wisdom learning for the activities of the visit takes a long time. To overcome these problems the school provides facilities for teachers to attend seminars, training and workshop.
UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEBERANIAN BERBICARA PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD N JETIS 2 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Haryati Sri
Published: January 2019

This research is aimed to grasp understanding about the improvement of students' courage in speaking through show and tell activity by using media of images for the 4th grader students in Jetis 2 Public Elementary School Yogyakarta. This is an action classroom research, which has been conducted in 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of 3 meetings. The subject of this research is all 4th grader students of Jetis 2 Public Elementary School Yogyakarta, academic year of 2014/2015, which consists of 12 students, 6 male students and 6 female students. The data collecting techniques employed are observation and working performance by using indicator matrix of students' speaking courage, the skill of showing and telling and also the process of show and tell activities in class.In addition, this research also employs documentation technique, in the form of photos during the occurrence of the research process. The analysis technique in this research uses descriptive qualitative technique. The results of the research are presented as follow: show and tell method can improve the students' speaking courage 23,61% (formerly it was 55,38% reaching up to 78,99%), the skill of show and tell of 27,43% (from 56,25% reaching up to 83,68%) and the process show and tell is 9,03% (from 72,91% reaching up to 81,94%).
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF MACFROMEDIA FLASH 8 PADA MATA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Al Gafur Muhammad Zainal Abidin , Listyarini Ikha
Published: January 2019

The underlying reason that triggersthe researcher to conduct this study is the lack of facilities and lack of media so that it is initiated to overcome the learning shortagein class to be an interactive learning that is not in the form of paper based learning considered to be not alive and monotonous.The problems that is analysed in this research is how do media development establish interactive learning to overcome the learning shortage by using Macromedia Flash 8 so that it is able to be a media of learning on the social subjects for students of fifth grade in primary school? The purpose of the research is to find out the steps in developing Macromedia Flash 8 to be implemented in learning process to fill out the shortage of learning in SD N 02 Mranggen, Demak. This is a research and development research. The population of the research is all students in SD N 02 Mranggen, Demak academic year of 2017/2018. The sample of the research is 33 students of fifth grade. The technique of data collection uses the scale of Likert and Guttman. The data of the research is obtained through the observation and other economic indicators. The propose future design of this research is the development of the interactive learning by utilizing the advance support of Macromedia Flash 8 that is created. According to the freedom on learning material designing for social subject, it is worthwhile to implement this learning model to fifth grade students in the second semester under the curriculum of school (KTSP Curriculum). The validation process is carried out in two ways, include validation from media experts which shows the result of 90.5% with two categories are considered to be very good and validation from material designer experts showing the result of 85 % with two categories are considered to be very good. According to the research result, it is recommended to develop and implement the interactive media by using Macromedia Flash 8 as one of the alternative media in classroom teaching and learning process.
Modeling of an Electric Vehicle with MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: KIYAKLI Ahmet Onur , SOLMAZ Hamit
Published: January 2019

Conventional vehicles utilize petroleum derived fuels to provide good per-formance and long range. But there are some disadvantages such as low fuel economy and exhaust gas emissions causing environmental pollution. In this re-spect, interest in electric vehicles is increasing. In this study, the dynamic model of an electric vehicle was created with MATLAB/Simulink. The energy con-sumption values of the electric vehicle were determined. The effect of parame-ters on vehicle performance and energy consumption has been examined. As a result of tests, the vehicle consumes 15.82 kWh of energy per 100 kilometers and the vehicle has a 177 kilometers range, according to NEDC. With regenera-tive braking, an energy saving of 8% was achieved in 100 kilometers.
A Machine Learning Approach for Speech Detection in Modern Wireless Communication Environment
Authors: . Shibanee Dash , . Mihir Narayan Mohanty
Published: January 2019

Modern wireless communication has gained a improved position as compared to previous time. Similarly, speech communication is the major focus area of research in respective applications. Many developments are done in this field. In this work, we have chosen the OFDM modulation based communication system, as it has importance in both licensed and unlicensed wireless communication platform. The voice signal is passed though the proposed model to obtain at the receiver end. Due to different circumstances, the signal may be corrupted partially at the user end. Authors try to achieve a better signal for reception using a neural network model of RBFN. The parameters are chosen for the RBFN model, as energy, ZCR, ACF, and fundamental frequency of the speech signal. In one part these parameters have eligibility to eliminate noise partially, where as in other part the RBFN model with these parameters proves its efficacy for both noisy speech signals with noisy channel as Gaussian channel. The efficiency of OFDM model is verified in terms of symbol error rate and the transmitted speech signal is evaluated in term of SNR that shows the reduction of noise. For visual inspection, a sample of signal, noisy signal and received signal is also shown. The experiment is performed with 5dB, 10dB, 15dB noise levels. The result proves the performance of RBFN model as the filter.The performance is measured as the listener’s voice in each condition. The results show that, at the time of the voice in noise environment, proposed technique improves the intelligibility on speech quality.
Model Pembelajaran Multikultural pada Pesantren Modern sebagai Upaya Mereduksi Paham Radikalisme
Authors: Suhadianto Suhadianto , Ariyanto Eko April , Arifiana Isrida Yul
Published: January 2019

AbstrakRadikalisme sebagai bagian dari paham fundamentalis telah menjadi ancaman yang nyata bagi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Aksi-aksi radikalisme semakin massif dilakukan dengan melibatkan generasi muda. Pesantren merupakan lembaga pendidikan tertua memiliki model pembelajaran yang sangat dipercaya oleh masyarakat. Pesantren diharapkan dapat menjadi benteng penangkal paham fundamentalis melalui pembelajaran multikultural yang diterapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa praktek pembelajaran multikultural di pondok pesantren dan dampak pembelajaran multikultural di pondok pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengambil fokus penelitian pada pondok pesantren Darussalam, Sengon Kabupaten Jombang. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan interview serta observasi terhadap subjek yaitu pemimpin pondok pesantren, ustad serta santri. Validitas hasil penelitian dilakukan melalui triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pondok pesantren Darusalam Jombang telah menerapkan prinsip pembelajaran multikultural yang meliputi: content integration, The knowledge construction process, Equity Pedagogy, Prejudice reduction. Selain itu dampak pembelajaran tersebut membuat santri mampu memahami perbedaan, toleransi, dan keberagaman sehingga mampu membentengi diri dari paham fundamentalis. Kata kunci: Radikalisme, Pendidikan multikulturalÂ AbstractÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Radicalism as part of fundamentalism has become a real threat to the life of the nation and state. More massive radicalism actions are carried out by involving the younger generation. Islamic boarding schools are the oldest educational institutions that have a highly trusted learning model. Islamic boarding schools are expected to be a bulwark against the fundamentalist understanding through applied multicultural learning. This study aims to analyze the practice of multicultural learning in Islamic boarding schools and the impact of multicultural learning in Islamic boarding schools. This study uses a qualitative approach by taking the focus of research in Darussalam Islamic Boarding School, Sengon, Jombang Regency. The method of data collection is done by using interviews and observations on the subject, namely the leader of the Islamic boarding school, religious teacher and santri. The validity of the results of the research is done through data triangulation. The results of the study show that the Darusalam Jombang Islamic boarding school has applied the principle of multicultural learning which includes: content integration, the knowledge construction process, Equity Pedagogy, Prejudice reduction. Besides that the impact of the learning made the santri able to understand differences, tolerance and diversity so that they were able to fortify themselves from fundamentalism.Keywords: Radicalism, multicultural education
PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPEUTIC MONITORING OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL (MMF) IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AT EHU OF ORAN-ALGERIA : CONTRIBUTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Fareh S , Djedid S , Boukersoul N , NH Ould Amar , H Fetati , N Mekaouche , A Memou , I Senhadji , M Seddiki , Z Mansouri , F Boudia , H Toumi H
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressant indicated for organ transplantation and other autoimmune diseases. The pharmacological therapeutic monitoring (PTM) of the MMF based on the measurement of the area under the curve (AUC) is justified. Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the contribution of pharmaceutical interventions emitted during MMF PTM of patients with autoimmune diseases in the pharmacovigilance service of the EHU of Oran-Algeria. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of 5 years, dealing with patients treated by MMF for all autoimmune diseases in pharmacovigilance service of the EHU of Oran-Algeria. In total, 60 patients were monitored. The average age of the study population was 29.81 years with a female predominance of 56.66% (sex ratio 0.7). Result and Discussion: In our study lupus nephropathy represents the most common pathology with a rate of 51.67%, followed by nephrotic syndrome with 41.67%. 106 AUC were measured,  37.74% were below 30 mg.h / l, 49.06% were between 30 and 60 mg.h / l and 13.20% of the AUC were above 60 mg / h. / l. The signs of intolerance observed were: 60.42% of the disturbances of the hemogram, 16.67% of the various infections, 12.5% of the cutaneous affections and 10.41% of the digestive disorders. Various pharmaceutical opinions have been issued to manage this drug iatrogenic. Conclusion: The results of our study show that PTM has a major interest in predicting of response to MMF in autoimmune diseases. The application of MMF PTM in routine clinical practice should be generalized to adjust the dosage of MMF to improve the efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of this drug.
Türkiye’de Kentsel Dönüşümün Dönüşümü: Kurumsal Bir Açıklama Denemesi
Authors: KUYUCU Tuna
Published: January 2019

Bu makalenin amacı son on
beş yılda Türkiye’nin kentsel yenileme/kentsel dönüşüm politikasının geçirdiği
dönüşümlere hukuki ve kurumsal dinamikler üzerinden açıklayıcı bir çerçeve
oluşturmaktır. 2002 yılında AKP’nin iktidar olması ile birlikte oluşturulan kentsel
dönüşüm siyasası, başlangıçta büyük ölçekli planlar eliyle kentlerin karmaşık
mekânsal, ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlarına çözüm bulmayı hedeflemiş ve bu yolda
yerel yönetimlere ciddi yetkiler tanımıştır. 2010 sonrası dönemde ise, kentsel
dönüşüm politikasında köklü bir değişim yaşanmış ve büyük ölçekli proje
anlayışından uzaklaşılarak parsel/bina bazlı ve parçacıl dönüşüm projelerinin
önü açılmıştır. Dahası, bu yeni dönüşüm politikasının başat karar vericisi
merkezi yönetim olmuş, yerel yönetimlerin yetkileri büyük oranda
daraltılmıştır. Bu önemli dönüşümlerin altında yatan temel sebep 2002-2010
arasında uygulanmak istenen kentsel dönüşüm projelerinin neredeyse tamamının
hukuki belirsizlikler, planlama mevzuatının karmaşası ve kurumsal çatışmalar
sonucunda başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmasıdır. 2010 sonrası yavaşlayan ekonomi
realitesi ile yüzleşen AKP hükümeti, emlak sektörü üzerinden ekonomiyi
canlandırma adına hızlı kentsel dönüşüme ihtiyaç duymuş ve bir önceki dönemin
sorunlarını çözebilmek adına tüm yetkinin merkezde toplandığı bir dönüşümü
tetiklemiştir. Bu yeni dönüşüm politikası kentlerin sorunlarına bütünsel ve
rasyonel çözümler üretmekten uzak, kısa vadeli kâra odaklı ve orta ve uzun
vadede daha büyük sorunlar yaratmaya gebe bir politikadır.
Investigations on Bi25FeO40 powders synthesized by hydrothermal and combustion-like processes
Authors: Köferstein Roberto
Published: January 2019

The syntheses of phase−pure and stoichiometric iron sillenite (Bi25FeO40) powdersby a hydrothermal (at ambient pressure) and a combustion−like process are described.Phase−pure samples were obtained in the hydrothermal reaction at 100 °C (1), whereas thecombustion−like process leads to pure Bi25FeO40 after calcination at 750 °C for 2 h (2a). Theactivation energy of the crystallite growth process of hydrothermally synthesized Bi25FeO40was calculated as 48(9) kJ mol−1. The peritectic point was determined as 797(1) °C. Theoptical band gaps of the samples are between 2.70(7) eV and 2.81(6) eV. Temperature andfield−depending magnetization measurements (5−300 K) show a paramagnetic behaviour with a Curie constant of 55.66·10−6 m3·K·mol−1 for sample 1 and C = 57.82·10−6 m3·K·mol−1for sample 2a resulting in magnetic moments of μmag = 5.95(8) μB·mol−1 and μmag = 6.07(4)μB·mol−1. The influence of amorphous iron−oxide as a result of non-stoichiometric Bi/Feratios in hydrothermal syntheses on the magnetic behaviour was additionally investigated.
Investigations of BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 nano powders prepared by a low temperature aqueous synthesis and resulting ceramics
Authors: Köferstein Roberto
Published: January 2019

A facile method to prepare nanoscaled BaFe0.5Nb0.5O3 via synthesis in boiling NaOH solution is describedherein. The nano-crystalline powder has a high specific surface area of 55 m2 g−1 and a crystallite sizeof 15 nm. The as-prepared powder does not show any significant crystallite growth up to 700 ◦C. Theactivation energy of the crystallite growth process was calculated as 590 kJ mol−1. Dense ceramics can beobtained either after sintering at 1200 ◦C for 1 h or after two-step sintering at 1000 ◦C for 10 h. The averagegrain sizes of ceramic bodies can be tuned between 0.23 µm and 12 µm. The thermal expansion coefficientwas determined as 11.4(3)·10−6 K−1. The optical band gap varies between 2.90(5) and 2.63(3) eV. Magneticmeasurements gave a Néel temperature of 20 K. Depending on the sintering regime, the ceramic samplesreach permittivity values between 2800 and 137,000 at RT and 1 kHz.
Fine-grained BaTiO3–MgFe2O4 composites prepared by a Pechini-like process
Authors: Köferstein Roberto
Published: January 2019

The synthesis of BaTiO3–MgFe2O4 composite powders by a Pechini-like one-pot process and resultingceramic bodies is described herein. Phase formation during the decomposition of homogenous (Ba, Ti,Fe, Mg)-gels was monitored up to 1200 ?C. Composite powders consisting of BaTiO3 and MgFe2O4 wereobtained after decomposition at 700 ?C for 1 h resulting in crystallite sizes of about 10 nm. The shrinkageand sintering behaviour of compacted powders were examined. Sintering at >1200 ?C leads to theformation of hexagonal BaTiO3 only for composites with a MgFe2O4 content of >30 wt.%. SEM imagesof ceramic bodies reveal that the MgFe2O4 particles are surrounded by BaTiO3 crystallites. Magneticmeasurements of both powders and corresponding ceramic bodies show ferrimagnetic behaviour withlow coercivities. At high-field and low temperatures an additional small paramagnetic contributionwas observed which increases with decreasing MgFe2O4 content and should be considered by the calculationof the saturation magnetization.Finally, the
yeni susanti_165100114
Authors: susanti Yeni
Published: January 2019

The basis of patent law itself is very complete explained in the patent law regulation number 14 of 2001. In the government-compiled law it is written that the filing of patent rights on an invention or invention has requirements that need to be fulfilled.In Indonesia, patents will be highly protected to protect the intellectual property rights of every Indonesian. According to the applicable law, namely Number 14 of 2001 inventor who has patent rights for a product or idea, has full power and can process persons who commit plagiarism, distribute and trade the patented product into legal channels in accordance with the basis of patent law regarding violations of criminal provisions in Chapter XV.
Novel magnetoelectric composites of cobalt iron alloy and barium titanate
Authors: Köferstein Roberto
Published: January 2019

Magnetoelectric barium titanate ceramics with embedded cobalt iron alloy particles (Co1/3Fe2/3)x–(BaTiO3)(1-x), with x=0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, were prepared by a polyolmediatedsynthesis with subsequent sintering in a reducing forming gas atmosphere. The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM/EDX measurements. The sizes of the Co1/3Fe2/3 grains increase with x. Impedance spectroscopy showed a behavior similar to pure BaTiO3, in particular the occurrence of the ferroelectric-paraelectricphase transition, and high permittivities for the sample with x=0.6, that is, near the percolation threshold. The samples exhibit soft ferromagnetic properties with largesaturation magnetizations of 2.5 lB/atom and narrow hystereses. Detailed magnetoelectricinvestigations revealed a unique DC-field dependence of aME for all threecompositions. Most remarkably, the sample with x=0.4 possesses a broad ME hysteresisand an inversion of the sign of aME at 5 kOe.
Subjective Beliefs And Confidence When Facts Are Forgotten
Authors: Kopylov Igor , Miller Joshua Benjamin
Published: January 2019

Forgetting a piece of decision-relevant information is a salient source of uncertainty that should influence one's beliefs, confidence, and ambiguity attitudes. To investigate this, we run several experiments where people bet on propositions (facts) that they cannot recall with certainty. We use betting preferences to infer subjects' revealed beliefs and their revealed confidence in these beliefs. Forgetting is induced via interference tasks and time delays (up to one year). We observe a natural memory decay pattern where beliefs become less accurate and confidence is reduced as well. Moreover, we find a form of comparative ignorance where subjects are more ambiguity averse when they cannot recall the truth rather than never having learnt it. In a different vein, we identify an overconfidence pattern: on average, subjects overpay for bets on propositions that they believe in, but underpay for the opposite bets. We formulate a two-signal behavioral model of forgetting that generates all of these patterns. It suggests new testable hypotheses that are confirmed by our data.
A study assessing the outcome of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal excision of pituitary adenoma at a tertiary care institutions- An Initial experience of 30 cases
Authors: Dixit Sourabh , Samanta Nirmalya , Saha Suniti Kumar , Roy Kaushik , Ghosh Partha , Bachchan Abta
Published: January 2019

Background: Endoscopic Endonasal Transphenoidal Pituitary Surgery (EETS), has been proved to be a preferred alternative to conventional surgery because of its salient features like wider, more panoramic field of visualization, improved illumination and mobility of instruments, and an ability to look around anatomical corners using angled lens and minimal invasiveness.The current study was done to analyse the effectiveness and morbidity in the patients operated in our centre by Endoscopic Endonasal Transphenoidal Pituitary Surgery (EETS) done by single team in single centre in15 months.
Aims and Objective: To describe a case series of patients with pituitary adenomas with endoscopic endonasaltranssphenoidal approach, the technique performed and complications in our centre.
Materials and Methods: The technique performed in a series of 30 consecutive patients, and description of their complications and the protocol followed to treat these complications.
Results: The tumor removal was gross total in 18 (60.0%) patients, subtotal in 8 (30.7%), and partial in 4 (7.7%) patient. Two patients with growth hormone-secreting adenomas had normalization of hormonal status. Four patients developed temporary diabetes insipidus. Four patients developed post-operative CSF rhinorrhea and were managed conservatively.Two patient had recurrence of tumor.one patient had meningitis and one patient expired in perioperative periods.
Conclusions: Our experience suggests that the Endoscopic transsphenoidal approach offers a potentially viable and cost economic treatment option in pituitary tumors which are difficult to remove by the standard microscopic approaches. In past one and half year we have witnessed encouraging results without much of the anticipated complications.
Electroencephalographic study of real-time arithmetic task recognition in learning disabilities children
Authors: Sittiprapaporn Phakkharawat , Chang Shao-Chin
Published: January 2019

Background: Mathematics form is universally understood in modern society. It is natural to ask whether there is neurophysiological evidence for putative cognitive components of the task and the practice in mental arithmetic will lead to a detectable transition in primary locus of brain activity.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of real-time arithmetic recognition task for cognitive performance and electroencephalographic activities.
Materials and Methods: While practicing the real-time arithmetic recognition task named SpeedMath developed by NeuroSky, Inc., electroencephalographic activities were also recorded by using the commercial lightweight electroencephalographic device, Mindwave Mobile, NeuroSky, Inc. Eight participants included learning disabilities children participating in this study. All participants were instructed and trained to practice the simple the arithmetic recognition task which included arithmetic and mathematic skills.
Results: The results showed that both alpha and beta frequency bands were increased with statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
Conclusions: The real-time arithmetic recognition task might improve the real-time arithmetic recognition task and performance.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.10(1) 2019 43-46
Cervical cancer analysis: From burden to treatment
Authors: Tiwari Disha , Srivastava Kirti , Kishan Dewesh , Shah Manjari
Published: January 2019

Background: Cancer has emerged as huge epidemic over past two decades. There is a declining trend in the incidence of cervical cancer in the western world on the contrary in India we have observed that this disease is a great menace to a women’s health and is showing rising trend. Within the country there is wide range of variation in demography and epidemiology. There is lack of published data available on epidemiology such as age, incidence, burden, compliance of patients having cervical cancer in Uttar Pradesh.
Aims and Objectives: Current study aims to gather the evidence to understand the pattern of cervical cancer burden in the community and to find out the lacunae in the treatment delivery and receiving end.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients of cancer cervix visiting OPD of department of radiation oncology. The study comprised retrieval of medical records for different variables like age, stage, district etc and analysing it to understand the presentation and burden of disease.
Results: A total of 470 patients were studied for their epidemiology. Majority of patients were from Lucknow (78) and its nearby districts. Out of 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh, patients from 38 different districts had come to seek radiation treatment which is almost half of the Uttar Pradesh. Majority of patients in study were women in their 5th& 6th decade. The most common stage of diagnosis was II B. On histopathological evaluation most common variant found was squamous cell carcinoma with moderate differentiation 26.38%.
Conclusion: Our study highlights lack of resources in Uttar Pradesh as patients had travelled from peripheral districts to seek treatment, which lead to frequent treatment breaks and poor compliance for follow up.
Angiographic characteristics of contralateral asymptomatic eyes in acute Central serous chorio-retinopathy in an Asian population
Authors: Gurung Rajya L , Anwar Afaque
Published: January 2019

Background: Acute Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterised by an idiopathic circumscribed serous retinal detachment, usually confined to the central macula.
Aims and Objective: We aimed to analyse the angiographic characteristics of contra-lateral asymptomatic eyes of  patients presenting with acute CSCR in an Asian population.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 70 consecutive patients presenting with acute CSCR who underwent detailed fundus evaluation and fluorescein angiography within 1 year period.
Results: Fluorescein angiograms of 70 patients were analysed . Male to female ratio was 10.66 : 1. The age range of patients was ( 24-54 ) years , median 37 years and mean age  38.37 years with standard deviation 6.78 . Active tobacco use was found in 34 (48.6%) eyes and  systemic steroid use in 2 (2.8%) eyes. Majority, 48 (34.3% ) of symptomatic and all 70(100% ) of contralateral asymptomatic eyes had presenting best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) of  ≥ 20/60.  All 70 (100%) of symptomatic eyes had angiographic evidence of leakage in comparison to only 25(35.7%) of contralateral asymptomatic eyes.  Multi-focal leakage was seen in 21 (30%) of symptomatic eyes and 6(8%) of asymptomatic eyes , inkblot  leakage  pattern being the most common in seen in 57 (81.4%) of  symptomatic and 16 (22.8%) of asymptomatic  eyes.  The most common site of leakage was central seen in 62 (88.5%) of symptomatic eyes and 19 (27.1%) of contralateral asymptomatic eyes.
Conclusion: The findings in our study was comparable to other Asian studies.  A considerable number of patients had angiographic evidence of CSCR in the contralateral  asymptomatic eye.
A study of CBS gene polymorphism, plasma H2S levels and their association in type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dasgupta Sayantan , Mondal Ishita , Biswas Utpal Kumar
Published: January 2019

Background: Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), in recent years, is getting significant attention, as more evidences are emerging about its diverse biological roles. There are evidences of H2S having anti-inflammatory, neuro-modulator, vasodilator, anti-apoptotic and mitochondrial protective roles in various tissues. Among different tissues, β-cells of pancreas, according to some recent studies, get significantly affected by the imbalance in H2S homeostasis, leading to β-cell dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Cystathionine- β-synthase (CBS) enzyme is involved in the synthesis of H2S from cysteine in various tissues. Among various possible mutations in the CBS gene, a particular 833T-C mutation, has been found to be associated with various diseases.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed to determine the extent of abnormality of H2S homeostasis in type-2 DM patients, and to find out presence and association (if any) of 833T-C mutation in CBS gene, in the patients of type-2 DM, in comparison to healthy control subjects, in the Indian population.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was done with 40 clinically and biochemically diagnosed DM type II patients attending OPD of Endocrinology department of NRS Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, and 40 age and gender matched non-diabetic control subjects. DNA was isolated from EDTA blood of all the study subjects, PCR done and results compared. Plasma H2S was measured by the N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylene-diamine method. Plasma glucose and serum insulin were measured by standardized commercial kits.
Results: Our study found the plasma H2S levels in the patients of type II DM to be significantly higher(P<0.001) than the control subjects. The results also found significant positive correlation between plasma H2S level with fasting serum Insulin level (P<0.001) and fasting plasma glucose level (P<0.001) in the diabetic patients. Among 40 DM patients, only two were heterozygous for the mutation, and had both mutated allele (242bp) and normal allele (174bp). Rest of the patients and all the control subjects were homozygous for the normal allele (174bp). This marginal difference in the incidence of mutated allele was not found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: our study shows significant association of H2S dys-regulation with the type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian population. The marginal but insignificantly higher incidence of 833T-C mutation in CBS gene, found in our study, warrants further research with higher number of study population, to more conclusively infer about the role of this mutation in the pathogenesis of type-2 DM.
Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Woticha Eskinder Wolka , Deressa Wakgari , Reja Ahmed
Published: January 2019

Background: Presence of gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy has serious complications for both mother and child. Its burden is increasing in low and middle-income countries but, little is known about its contribution in Ethiopia.
Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and to identify associated factors in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Materials and Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was carried out from August 2017 to October 2017 in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. A total of 518 pregnant women were participated from 2 hospitals and 4 health centers. Capillary blood samples were collected at fasting and 2 hours after 75gm glucose load to measure blood sugar and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus was made by using 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Binary logistic regression model was applied to assess risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Results: Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 4.2% (95% CI, 2.5, 6.2) with mean post glucose load level of 160.1 mg/dl (6.3) and 15(4%) among urban residents and 7(4.9%) among rural residents. The proportion of gestational diabetes mellitus increases with increase in number of pregnancies. Previous history of spontaneous abortion (AOR: 3.5; 95%CI: 1.7-14.6), family history of type II diabetes (AOR: 4.3; 95%CI: 1.3-8.7) and previous caesarean section (AOR: 7.5; 95%CI: 1.3-14.4) were found to be significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus is higher as compared to other studies conducted in the country. Strengthening screening, care and prevention strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus are important to improve maternal and child health.
Morphological spectrum of atherosclerotic lesions in a tertiary care Institute in Punjab
Authors: Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Tyagi Ruchita , Singh Vikrampal , Kapoor Samir , Singh Gurmeet , Ralhan Sarju , Selhi Pavneet Kaur , Garg Bhavna , Kaur Harpreet , Sood Neena , Aslam Naved , Wander Gurpreet Singh
Published: January 2019

Background: The incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) has risen considerably in developing world due to industrialization, urbanisation and lifestyle changes, especially among Indians and South Asians. The onset of CAD has been seen to occur at an early age and the severity of the disease and mortality associated with CAD has also increased. The pathology of atherosclerosis needs to be re-evaluated to develop targeted therapy which can contain the disease process at the earliest stage.
Aims and Objectives: Most of the morphological studies on atherosclerosis have been done on autopsy cases. In this study, we have analysed the morphological spectrum of atherosclerotic lesions in live patients.
Materials and Methods:  We retrospectively analysed the histopathology slides of 85 cases whose endarterectomy plaques were received in the Department of Pathology over a period of three and half years (January 2014 to June 2017) and classified the lesions according to Modified American Heart Association classification of atherosclerosis.
Results: The average age of patients was 60 years and male to female ratio of 4.3:1. Left anterior descending artery was the commonest vessel involved (52.4%). Majority of the cases had fibrocalcific plaques,followed by fibrous cap atheroma and calcified nodules.
Conclusion: Coronary artery plaques were found even in patients less than 40 years old.  Aggressive lipid defense therapy needs to be the cornerstone of management of CAD.
Prevalence of low birth weight babies and its association with socio-cultural and maternal risk factors among the institutional deliveries in Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Bansal Prerna , Garg Sandeep , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: January 2019

Background: The low birth weight (LBW) is considered as sensitive index of nation’s health and development. Almost a third of the newborn in the South East Asia region is low birth weight. Over three- quarters of newborn deaths in Nepal occur in low birth weight babies. The causes of low birth weight are multi-factorial and birth weight is determined by the interaction of both socio-demographic and biological factors.
Aims and Objective: To find out the prevalence of low birth weight babies among institutional deliveries and its association with socio-cultural and maternal risk factors.
Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was undertaken comprising of 220 postnatal mothers along with singleton live born baby delivered in College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal during the study period of April 2011 to March 2012. Binary logistic regression was used to find the association between dependent variable (LBW) and independent variables. Model accuracy test in binary logistic regression was done by using Hosmer and Lemeshow Test . To find the strength of binary logistic regression Pseudo R-square was used.
Results: Out of 220 respondents, the prevalence of LBW was 23.6% (with 95% CI 21.88 to 25.32%). The risk factors like rest received in afternoon during pregnancy, dietary intake during pregnancy and period of gestation were found to be statistically significant. The odds of having LBW babies was 9.07 times higher in preterm births, 2.44 times higher among mothers who took afternoon rest of less than two hours and 3.44 times higher among those mothers who took dietary intake less or same as before during pregnancy. The variation in LBW due to these factors was found to be 22.9% to 34.4%. 
Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight was found to be significantly high among institutional deliveries of this region of the country. Socio-cultural and maternal risk factors like rest received in the afternoon during pregnancy, dietary intake during pregnancy and period of gestation were found to be significantly associated with low birth weight babies. The problem of low birth weight babies can be lessened down as most of these factors can be tackled easily by providing adequate and effective antenatal care services with its maximum utilisation as well as home care by emphasising upon education of mothers and family members, hence decreasing infant and child mortality rates.
Too bad the limbs are swollen
Authors: Ghosh Kaushik , Bhattacharya Ambarish , Qureshi Muhammad Imran Ahmad
Published: January 2019

No abstract available.
Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus and its association with therapy, ethnicity and duration of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Karki Dipesh , Nagila Amar , Dhakal Niraj , Chhetri Sumit
Published: January 2019

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a most common micro vascular complication of diabetes posing significant morbidity and mortality with early and insidious onset. Studies has variably pointed that older age, gender, duration of diabetes, dyslipidemia, are linked with development of DPN.
Aims and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neuropathy in diabetic patients and see its link with age, gender, duration of diabetes, therapy and ethnicity.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 110 clinically diagnosed diabetic patients, meeting the inclusion criteria. Basic demographic data were taken during clinical examination. Presence of degree of neuropathy was screened by measuring vibration perception threshold using Biothesiometer. Data was entered on SPSS and were categorized, necessary non parametric statistical tests were applied to these categorical variables as needed. The level of significance was set at p value less than 0.05.
Results: Presence of neuropathy was measured in 110 diabetic patients. The overall prevalence of DPN was 45.45%. Frequency of neuropathy was higher with increase in age with 72.7% in more than 60 years of age and 23.5% in less than or equal to 40 years of age group (p=0.007). Similarly, the increasing trend of DPN with increase in duration of DM was evident in this study with DPN present in more than 55% of patients with more than 5 years of diabetes(p=0.004).
Conclusion: The prevalence rate of DPN in diabetes was observed to be higher (45.45%). Our result suggested that DPN is associated with old age and the duration of diabetes mellitus.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.10(1) 2019 72-76
Outcome of Patients Admitted with Exertional Heat Related Illness in Intensive Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Amatya Bishwo Ram , Shrestha Bikal , Rayamajhi Mallika , K.C. Nagendra Bahadur , Karki Pranaya
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Exertional heat related illness particularly heat stroke is very common life threatening condition that frequently occur in young military trainee due to high ambient temperature and humidity.

Objective: The study was undertaken to identify its outcome in recruits admitted in intensive care units of military tertiary care hospital.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional descriptive study was done among those recruits admitted in Intensive Care Unit of military tertiary care hospital with diagnosis of heat related illness from June 2016 to August 2017 A.D. Data based on hospital case records were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Primary outcome studied was mortality. Secondary outcomes studied were length of stay in ICU, hospital and on ventilator.

Results: Out of 17 recruits, 12 were diagnosed as heat exhaustion and 5 were diagnosed as heat stroke. SOFA score for heat stroke and heat exhaustion patients ranged from 2-16 and 0- 2 with respective mortality rate 7-95% and 0-7%. APACHE II score for heat stroke and heat exhaustion patients ranged from 5-33 and 0-5 with respective mortality rate 5.80-73% and 0-5.80%. There was no mortality among 12 heat exhaustion patients. Out of 5 heat stroke patients, 3 died with 60% mortality rate. Heat stroke patients had maximum stay of 4 days in ICU, hospital for 5 days and ventilator for 4 days.

Conclusion: Exertional heat related illness is common in young military trainee with heat exhaustion and heat stroke being common causes for ICU admission. Heat stroke has higher mortality rate due to multiple organ dysfunction.
Influence of Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) on the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Measurements Taken From Goldmann Applanation Tonometer, Tonopen, and Airpuff Tonometer.
Authors: Khatri Anadi , Thapa Madhu , Kharel Muna , Sah Apoorva , Bhattarai Kripa , Joshi Kriti
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the basic and most important investigations. Central corneal thickness influences IOP measured by various devices.

Objective: In this study, we attempt to determine the agreement and influence of the central corneal thickness in the measurement of IOP obtained by Goldman applanation tonometer, Airpuff tonometer and tonopen.

Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study of Central corneal thickness (CCT) was done using Ultrasonic pachymetry. IOP was adjusted using Ehler's formula. Mean and the standard deviation was measured using the observed and predicted values for each instrument for its accuracy irrespective of the CCT.

Results: 200 eyes of 100 patients were included in the study. Mean IOP measured was 16mmHg (SD 4). Tonopen was found to have closer observed values when compared with the predicted values to IOP obtained by Goldmann's applanation tonometer after CCT adjustments with Mean difference of 0.0134 mmHg with SD of 0.814. Air Puff tonometer was found to be the least accurate with Mean difference -2.08mmHg and SD of 4.704. Linear regression analysis also predicted that while the tonopen tend to underestimate the IOP levels by 5 %, Airpuff tonometer had a tendency to overestimate the IOP by 13%.(p<0.05).

Conclusion: Tonopen had the greatest agreement and significant correlation with the GAT over a range of IOP and CCT and replicate measurements that are closest to the values obtained by using GAT after CCT adjustments. CCT adjustments may not even be required or has very little influence on IOP when using Tonopen.