bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Market orientation heterogeneity and new joint venture formation announcements: creating value for parent firms
Authors: Jancenelle Vivien E. , Wei Shuqin , Ang Tyson
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Joint ventures (JVs) are known to create value for their parent firms, in part due to the mutually beneficial sharing of information that occurs at the JV level. Market orientation (MO) is a well-documented strategic orientation that has received little attention in the JV literature, despite considerable research suggesting that MO has a positive effect on performance. This study posits that the MO skills contributed to a new JV by parent firms are likely to play a central role in a shareholder's assessment of the potential for success of a newly announced JV, thereby triggering changes in market value for parent firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Computer-Assisted-Text-Analysis (CATA) is used to calculate MO heterogeneity from annual reports, and event-study methodology is used to assess parent firm performance. The authors rely on a US sample of 82 public JV parents involved in 41 new equally-weighted JV formation announcements.

Findings

The authors find that heterogeneity on MO's behavioral components (customer orientation, competitor orientation, and coordination) is negatively related to parent performance, while heterogeneity on MO's profitability component is positively related to parent performance. However, the effect of MO's long-term focus heterogeneity on parent performance was not supported.

Originality/value

The results suggest that the benefits of information sharing in partnerships may be of a nuanced nature when it comes to MO. Although heterogeneity in profitability inclination created value for parent firms announcing a new JV; heterogeneity in customer, competitor and coordination market orientations did not appear to be rewarded by shareholders.
Trompe l’œil: an approach to promoting art tourism (case study: Shiraz city, Iran)
Authors: Nikoo Zahra , Torabi Farsani Neda , Emadi Mohamadreza
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Trompe l’oeil as a novel art technique can not only promote art tourism but can also transform the landscape of a city into a platform for negotiation. Furthermore, trompe l’oeil aims to create a joyful, entertaining, new experience and an interactive environment for tourists in the cities. This paper highlights the introduction of trompe l’oeil as a new tourist attraction in Shiraz (Iran). Moreover, the goals of this study are to explore the role of trompe l’oeil (three-dimensional [3D] street painting) in promoting art tourism, to investigate the tendency of tourists toward experiencing art tours and trompe l’oeil and to determine the priority of trompe l’oeil themes from the domestic tourists’ perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this research study.

Findings

On the basis of the results of this study, it can be concluded that domestic tourists are eager to experience art tours and trompe l’oeil attractions and activities, except for buying and wearing 3D-printed clothes. In addition, trompe l’oeil on street floors and walls with funny, joyful and cultural-artistic and national-historical themes is more attractive for them.

Originality/value

No significant academic work has been undertaken in the field of art tourism to evaluate the attitude of tourists toward the trompe l’oeil attractions and activities.
Gestational diabetes mellitus management: diet and lifestyle
Authors: Allehdan Sabika , Basha Asma , Tayyem Reema
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. GDM is defined as glucose intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The purpose of this paper is to produce information on prevalence, screening and diagnosis, pathophysiology and dietary, medical and lifestyle management of GDM.

Design/methodology/approach

This literature review aimed to document and record the results of the most updated studies published dealing with dietary, medical and lifestyle factors in managing GDM.

Findings

The prevalence of GDM differs worldwide based on population characteristics, race/ethnicity and diagnostic criteria. The pathophysiology of GDM is multifactorial and it is likely that genetic and environmental factors are associated with the occurrence of GDM. Medical nutritional therapy remains the mainstay of GDM management and aerobic and resistance physical activities are helpful adjunctive therapy when euglycemia is not attained by the medical nutritional therapy alone. When diet and exercise fail to achieve glycemic control, pharmacological agents such as insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic medications are prescribed. Plasma glucose measurement is an essential part of glycemic control during pregnancy, as well as glycemic control can be evaluated using indicators of glycemic control such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glycated albumin and fructosamine.

Originality/value

This review is a comprehensive review that illustrates the effect of healthy diet, medical therapy and lifestyle change on improving GDM condition.
Effect of buyer-supplier supply chain strategic collaboration on operating performance: evidence from Chinese companies
Authors: Liu Weihua , Yan Xiaoyu , Si Cheng , Xie Dong , Wang Jingkun
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the implementation of supply chain strategic collaboration (SCSC) on companies’ operating performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on 181 SCSC announcements of listed companies in China, this study analyzes changes in the operating performance of the sample companies in the 20 quarters after the announcement. The changes in different operating performance metrics for the sample firms are compared against their metrics before the announcement. This study uses a self-control model based on historical performance and uses a combination of adjustment percentage changes and adjustment level changes to measure performance changes.

Findings

SCSC helps to improve firm operating performance, although this effect is only evident after two years. Companies that collaborate on product development have better performance improvements than do companies that implement market collaboration. The operating performance of buyer companies is better than that of supplier companies. Finally, strategic collaboration in the service supply chain improves performance more than that in the manufacturing supply chain.

Practical implications

The finding that company performance varies in different situations can help managers better understand and manage SCSC.

Originality/value

This study newly uses secondary data to assess changes in companies’ operating performance brought about by the implementation of SCSC.
The spillover effects of economic policy uncertainty on financial markets: a time-varying analysis
Authors: Nguyen Canh Phuc , Su Thanh Dinh , Wongchoti Udomsak , Schinckus Christophe
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine the spillover effects of trans-Atlantic macroeconomic uncertainties on the local stock market returns in the USA and eight selected European countries, namely, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, Ireland, Sweden and the UK, during the 2000-2019 period.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper applies the dynamic conditional correlation multivariate GARCH model (i.e. multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model or DCC MGARCH) to examine the potential existence of the spillover from the uncertainty of the USA to EU stock markets and vice versa. To capture different dynamic relationships between multiple time-series variables following different regimes, this paper applies the Markov switching model to the stock returns of both the USA and the eight major stock markets.

Findings

The increases in US uncertainty have significant negative impacts on all EU stock returns, whereas only the increases in the uncertainties of Spain, Ireland, Sweden and the UK have significant negative impacts on US stock returns. Notably, the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in the USA has a dynamic effect on the European stock markets. In a bear market (State 1), the increases in the EPU of the USA and EU have significant negative impacts on EU stock returns in most cases. However, only the increase in US EPU has significant negative impacts on EU stock returns in bull markets (State 2). Reciprocally, the increases in the EU EPUs of Germany, Spain and the UK have significant impacts on US stock returns in bear market.

Originality/value

The observations challenge the conventional wisdom according to which only larger economies can lead the smaller counterparts. The findings also highlight the stronger dependence of the US stock market on international macroeconomic uncertainty.
Detecting the population dynamics of an autosomal sex ratio distorter transgene in malaria vector mosquitoes
Authors: Pollegioni Paola , North Ace R. , Persampieri Tania , Bucci Alessandro , Minuz Roxana L. , Groneberg David Alexander , Nolan Tony , Papathanos Philippos‐Aris , Crisanti Andrea , Müller Ruth
Published: June 2020

The development of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes and their subsequent field release offers innovative and cost‐effective approaches to reduce mosquito‐borne diseases, such as malaria. A sex‐distorting autosomal transgene has been developed recently in G3 mosquitoes, a laboratory strain of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.l. The transgene expresses an endonuclease called I‐PpoI during spermatogenesis, which selectively cleaves the X chromosome to result in ~95% male progeny. Following the World Health Organization guidance framework for the testing of GM mosquitoes, we assessed the dynamics of this transgene in large cages using a joint experimental modelling approach.

We performed a 4‐month experiment in large, indoor cages to study the population genetics of the transgene. The cages were set up to mimic a simple tropical environment with a diurnal light‐cycle, constant temperature and constant humidity. We allowed the generations to overlap to engender a stable age structure in the populations. We constructed a model to mimic the experiments, and used the experimental data to infer the key model parameters.

We identified two fitness costs associated with the transgene. First, transgenic adult males have reduced fertility and, second, their female progeny have reduced pupal survival rates. Our results demonstrate that the transgene is likely to disappear in <3 years under our confined conditions. Model predictions suggest this will be true over a wide range of background population sizes and transgene introduction rates.

Synthesis and applications. Our study is in line with the World Health Organization guidance recommendations in regard to the development and testing of GM mosquitoes. Since the transgenic sex ratio distorter strain (Ag(PMB)1) has been considered for genetic vector control of malaria, we recorded the dynamics of this transgene in indoor‐large cage populations and modelled its post‐release persistence under different scenarios. We provide a demonstration of the self‐limiting nature of the transgene, and identified new fitness costs that will further reduce the longevity of the transgene after its release. Finally, our study has showcased an alternative and effective statistical method for characterizing the phenotypic expression of a transgene in an insect pest population.
Characteristics and preventability of obstetric intensive care unit admissions in Far North Queensland
Authors: Jayaratnam Skandarupan , Jacob‐Rodgers Sebastian , de Costa Caroline
Published: June 2020

Background

The rarity of maternal deaths in developed countries has increased interest in auditing cases of severe maternal morbidity or maternal ‘near miss’. The assessment and preventability of cases of maternal ‘near misses’ are important in improving the provision of maternity care.

Aims

To describe the epidemiology and determine aspects of preventability in care among women admitted to an obstetric intensive care unit (ICU) in Far North Queensland.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective observational study of pregnant and postpartum patients admitted to the Cairns Hospital ICU between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 was undertaken. Cases of severe maternal morbidity were identified using the World Health Organization (WHO) ‘near miss’ criteria and reviewed to determine reasons for admission to ICU and ascertain aspects of preventability in the care provided.

Results

Sixty‐nine out of 12 081 (0.6%) women admitted for obstetric care were transferred to the ICU with 31 cases fulfilling WHO ‘near miss’ criteria. The most common direct obstetric‐related diagnosis for ICU admission was hypertensive disease of pregnancy and obstetric haemorrhage. Indirect obstetric causes contributed to approximately 40% of ICU admissions. Among the 31 cases of WHO ‘near miss’, ten cases were deemed preventable with the most common reason for preventability related to lack of recognition of high‐risk clinical status.

Conclusion

Maternal ‘near miss’ and rates of obstetric admission to the ICU at Cairns Hospital are reassuringly low. Nevertheless, one‐third of women with ‘near miss’ required improvements in the provision of care, emphasising the need for continued audit and improvement of clinical practice.
Is anticoagulation with bivalirudin comparable to heparin for pediatric extracorporeal life support? Results from a high‐volume center
Authors: Schill Matthew R. , Douds Matthew T. , Burns Emily L. , Lahart Michael A. , Said Ahmed S. , Abarbanell Aaron M.
Published: June 2020

There is a paucity of data regarding the use of direct thrombin inhibitors such as bivalirudin for children on extracorporeal life support (ECLS). We sought to compare the outcomes of children on ECLS anticoagulated with bivalirudin versus heparin. Patients transitioned from heparin to bivalirudin were treated as a separate group. A single‐institution, retrospective review of all consecutive children (neonate to 18 years) placed on ECLS in the cardiac or pediatric intensive care units was performed (June 2018‐December 2019). Data collected included demographics, anticoagulation strategy, number of circuit interventions, blood product use on ECLS, survival to decannulation, and survival to discharge. Fifty‐four children were placed on ECLS for a total of 56 runs. Demographics and venovenous versus venoarterial ECLS were similar. The bivalirudin group had longer median duration of support compared to the heparin group––11.0 days [IQR 6.2, 23.1] versus 3.3 days [2.1, 6.2], P < .001. Patients switched from heparin to bivalirudin had a similar duration of support (10.3 days [8.3, 18.3]) as those on bilvalirudin alone. However, there was no difference in red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma, or platelet transfusions. There was no difference in the number of circuit interventions, survival to decannulation or discharge. The freedom to first circuit intervention was longer with bivalirudin compared to heparin. Our data suggest that even with longer pediatric ECLS runs on bivalirudin, there were no differences in the outcomes between the heparin and bivalirudin groups, with longer freedom from first circuit intervention with bivalirudin. While this is the largest reported series comparing children on ECLS anticoagulated with heparin versus bivalirudin, larger studies are needed to determine the optimal anticoagulation strategy for this diverse and complicated group of children.
Institutional and organizational trajectories in social economy enterprises: Resilience, transformation and regeneration
Authors: Bretos Ignacio , Bouchard Marie J. , Zevi Alberto
Published: June 2020

Social economy enterprises (SEEs) are arousing notable interest as promising alternatives where social innovation, business ownership and governance are concerned. In this context, a renewed debate about the internal changes and organizational trajectories experienced by these organizations has emerged in the scholarly literature. This special issue aims to contribute to ongoing debates in this field by advancing our understanding of the external pressures and internal dynamics that can trigger degeneration in SEEs, the conditions and factors that allow SEEs preserving their hallmark values and practices, and the resources and processes of organizational change that SEEs can deploy to overcome degeneration and regenerate. In this editorial introduction we introduce the topic of research, describe the content of the current special issue, and highlight some conclusions and possible directions for future research.
Spatial regression and spillover effects in cluster randomized trials with count outcomes
Authors: Anaya‐Izquierdo Karim , Alexander Neal
Published: June 2020

This paper describes methodology for analyzing data from cluster randomized trials with count outcomes, taking indirect effects as well spatial effects into account. Indirect effects are modeled using a novel application of a measure of depth within the intervention arm. Both direct and indirect effects can be estimated accurately even when the proposed model is misspecified. We use spatial regression models with Gaussian random effects, where the individual outcomes have distributions overdispersed with respect to the Poisson, and the corresponding direct and indirect effects have a marginal interpretation. To avoid spatial confounding, we use orthogonal regression, in which random effects represent spatial dependence using a homoscedastic and dimensionally reduced modification of the intrinsic conditional autoregression model. We illustrate the methodology using spatial data from a pair‐matched cluster randomized trial against the dengue mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, done in Trujillo, Venezuela.
Synthesis and evaluation of C3 substituted chalcone‐based derivatives of 7‐azaindole as protein kinase inhibitors
Authors: Qhobosheane Malikotsi A. , Legoabe Lesetja J. , Josselin Béatrice , Bach Stéphane , Ruchaud Sandrine , Beteck Richard M.
Published: June 2020

Chalcones are a group of naturally occurring or synthetic compounds which possess a wide range of biological activities. In this paper, a series of twenty‐three 7‐azaindole‐chalcone hybrids (5a–w) were synthesized and evaluated as potential protein kinase inhibitors. Analyses of structure–activity relationships revealed that some of these compounds exhibit significant activity against Haspin kinase, with compounds 5f and 5q exhibiting IC50 values of 0.47 and 0.41 µM, respectively. Furthermore, 5f also inhibits cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 (CDK9/CyclinT) in a micromolar potency (IC50 = 2.26 µM). This novel dual‐target inhibitor is a promising lead for the development of chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agents.
Moral responsibility for concepts, continued: Concepts as abstract objects
Authors: Fredericks Rachel
Published: June 2020

In Fredericks (2018b), I argued that we can be morally responsible for our concepts if they are mental representations. Here, I make a complementary argument for the claim that even if concepts are abstract objects, we can be morally responsible for coming to grasp and for thinking (or not thinking) in terms of them. As before, I take for granted Angela Smith's (2005) rational relations account of moral responsibility, though I think the same conclusion follows from various other accounts. My strategy is to focus on the relations that can obtain between concepts (understood as abstract objects) and morally responsible agents. I conclude by discussing some of the reasons why my arguments matter, which have to do with consequential choices between conceptual options, purposefully seeking out concepts that are new to us, and moral education.
Living with opioids: A qualitative study with patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: De Sola Helena , Maquibar Amaia , Failde Inmaculada , Salazar Alejandro , Goicolea Isabel
Published: June 2020

Background

Opioids are one of the most prescribed treatments for chronic pain (CP). However, their long‐term use (>3 months) has been surrounded by controversy, due to loss of beneficial effects.

Objective

To explore the experiences of people with chronic non‐malignant low back pain in Spain undergoing long‐term treatment with opioids.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting and participants

We conducted 15 semi‐structured interviews at the Pain Clinic with persons taking opioid treatment.

Methods

The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman, and developed categories and themes discussed in light of a biomedicalization framework.

Main results

We developed one overarching theme—Living with opioids: dependence and autonomy while seeking relief—and three categories: The long pathway to opioids due to the invisibility of pain; Opioids: from blind date to a long‐term relationship; and What opioids cannot fix.

Discussion

The long and difficult road to find effective treatments was a fundamental part of coping with pain, involving long‐term relationships with the health system. This study reflects the benefits, and drawbacks of opioids, along with struggles to maintain autonomy and make decisions while undergoing long‐term treatment with opioids. The paper also highlights the consequences of pain in the economy, family and social life of patients.

Conclusions

Patients' experiences should be considered to a greater extent by health‐care professionals when giving information about opioids and setting treatment goals. Greater consideration of the social determinants of health that affect CP experiences might lead to more effective solutions to CP.
Clinicopathological analysis of appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis: World Health Organization grade predicts survival following cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Shyu Susan , Choudry Haroon , Hall Lauren , Pingpank James , Holtzman Matthew , Bartlett David , Pai Reetesh K
Published: June 2020

Aims

Peritoneal spread is the most common route of metastasis in appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of the World Health Organization (WHO) 5th edition grading criteria in peritoneal metastases of goblet cell adenocarcinoma.

Methods and results

We evaluated the clinicopathological features and survival of 63 patients with peritoneal metastasis of goblet cell adenocarcinoma who underwent cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (CRS‐HIPEC), stratified according to the WHO 5th edition and the Tang et al. grading schemes. The patients were also compared with 120 patients with peritoneal metastasis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasia. Most (73%) peritoneal metastases of goblet cell adenocarcinoma were WHO Grade 3 (G3), there being fewer cases of Grade 2 (G2) (16%) and Grade 1 (G1) (11%) disease. No significant differences in overall survival were observed between WHO G1 and G2 tumours or between the three Tang grades. In the multivariable model of survival, WHO G3 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–7.70] and the presence of >50% extracellular mucin (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.09–4.88) were associated with reduced overall survival for patients with goblet cell adenocarcinoma. As compared with patients with peritoneal metastasis of mucinous neoplasia, patients with goblet cell adenocarcinoma had significantly reduced survival (median overall survival of 37 months versus 102 months, P < 0.001), which was attributed to the reduced survival of patients with G1/G2 goblet cell adenocarcinoma as compared with patients with G1 mucinous neoplasia (median survival of 98 months versus 204 months, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Grade of peritoneal goblet cell adenocarcinoma determined according to the WHO 5th edition criteria is a clinically relevant measure that independently predicts survival in patients treated with CRS‐HIPEC.
Oh, Behave!
Authors: Adolph Karen E.
Published: June 2020

Behavior is essential for understanding infant learning and development. Although behavior is transient and ephemeral, we have the technology to make it tangible and enduring. Video uniquely captures and preserves the details of behavior and the surrounding context. By sharing videos for documentation and data reuse, we can exploit the tremendous opportunities provided by infancy research and overcome the important challenges in studying behavior. The Datavyu video coding software and Databrary digital video library provide tools and infrastructure for mining and sharing the richness of video. This article is based on my Presidential Address to the International Congress on Infant Studies in New Orleans, May 22, 2016 (Video 1 at https://www.databrary.org/volume/955/slot/39352/-?asset=190106). Given that the article describes the power of video for understanding behavior, I use video clips rather than static images to illustrate most of my points, and the videos are shared on the Databrary library.
Autophagy activators stimulate the removal of advanced glycation end products in human keratinocytes
Authors: Laughlin T. , Tan Y. , Jarrold B. , Chen J. , Li L. , Fang B. , Zhao W. , Tamura M. , Matsubara A. , Deng G. , Wang X. , Hakozaki T.
Published: June 2020

Background

The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can impact cellular homoeostasis and protein structure, thus is implicated in numerous skin conditions including yellow, dull appearance. AGE formation is irreversible; thus, understanding of the recycling process of AGEs in the skin is critical for addressing skin appearance conditions.

Objective

To determine whether (i) accumulation of AGEs occurs in dull appearance group among young population (age 20–29) (ii) in vitro autophagy stimulation results in reduction of AGEs in keratinocytes.

Methods

Facial cheek biopsies were collected from Chinese women (age 20–50) exhibiting either dull or non‐dull appearing skin. Histological assessment of glycation was performed for representative subjects among the 20–29 years sub‐group by immunofluorescence staining of AGEs. LC‐MS methods and keratinocyte cell culture were used to assess impact of autophagy modulators and skin care materials on carboxymethyl lysine (CML) amount, a representative AGE.

Results

Notable amounts of AGEs were observed in the epidermal samples among young females. Interestingly, the amount of AGEs was significantly higher among the dull skin appearance group. Treatment of keratinocytes with glyceraldehyde (GLA) enhanced CML in the cells, and postglycation treatment with autophagy activators reduced CML. Two skin care materials, Nymphaea alba flower extract (a.k.a. white water lily extract) and sucrose dilaurate, were identified based from in vitro autophagy activation and found to reduce CML in keratinocytes.

Conclusion

We found AGEs accumulate in the facial epidermis even among young people, correlating to a yellow and dull appearance. We also demonstrated in vitro activation of autophagy can reduce AGEs in keratinocytes, and autophagy activating skin care materials, N. alba flower extract and sucrose dilaurate, also reduce AGEs in the keratinocyte in vitro model. These data suggest epidermal AGEs contribute to the dull skin appearance, and autophagy activators may provide an effective solution to improve dull appearance by removing and recycling the accumulated glycation in the skin.
Black soldier fly larvae show a stronger preference for manure than for a mass‐rearing diet
Authors: Parodi Alejandro , Van Dijk Kim , Van Loon Joop J. A. , De Boer Imke J. M. , Van Schelt Jeroen , Van Zanten Hannah H. E.
Published: June 2020

The attention for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as an alternative ingredient for food and feed products is on the rise. While many studies have reported the efficiency of BSFL to bio‐convert a wide range of organic waste streams into larval biomass, so far, it is unknown whether BSFL prefer certain waste streams over others when they have the possibility to choose. Here, we performed a choice‐test experiment to explore the preference of BSFL when exposed to pig manure and a mass‐rearing diet consisting of plant by‐products currently used for industrial BSFL production. We found that after 1 hr of exposure to both feeds, BSFL strongly preferred pig manure over the mass‐rearing diet. The preference for manure became stronger as larval age increased. Our results provide the first evidence that BSFL express a distinct diet preference. Understanding the reasons for the strong preference for manure is relevant for a diverse array of practical applications and to inform the discussion on insect welfare.
A Workshop for Interprofessional Trainees Using the Geriatrics 5Ms Framework
Authors: Schwartz Andrea Wershof , Hawley Chelsea E. , Strong Jessica V. , Phillips Sarah C. , Amir Omar , Ludwin Brian M. , Ngoc Phung Elizabeth T. , Moye Jennifer
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Interprofessional trainees need geriatrics training to prepare them to care for our aging population. Team‐based care will help them be ready to work in an Age‐Friendly Health System. The Geriatrics 5Ms provides a framework to engage learners in five main domains of caring for older adults from an interprofessional perspective: Mobility, Mind, Medications, Multicomplexity, and what Matters Most.

DESIGN

We created a half‐day workshop for interprofessional trainees using the Geriatric 5Ms framework to increase their preparedness in caring for older adults as part of an interprofessional team.

SETTING

The New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 66 trainees from 10 professions.

INTERVENTION

After introductory sessions on careers in aging, participants engaged in an interactive session to learn about the professions represented. They then formed interprofessional groups to discuss a patient case using the Geriatrics 5Ms framework with a modified jigsaw format.

MEASUREMENTS

Trainees were surveyed before and after the workshop on their attitudes toward careers in aging, understanding of skills and training paths of other professions, and familiarity with the Geriatrics 5Ms framework.

RESULTS

Overall, 97% of the trainees rated the workshop highly. Trainee ratings significantly increased in the areas of understanding of other professions, and familiarity and applicability of the Geriatrics 5Ms, particularly for nonphysicians.

CONCLUSION

A workshop for interprofessional trainees using the Geriatrics 5Ms framework increased the readiness of trainees to care for older adults as part of an interprofessional team. This workshop offers a promising model for needed interprofessional geriatrics education. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1857‐1863, 2020.
Caring for Frail Older Adults During COVID‐19: Integrating Public Health Ethics into Clinical Practice
Authors: Chase Jocelyn
Published: June 2020

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, principles from both clinical and public health ethics cue clinicians and healthcare administrators to plan alternatives for frail older adults who prefer to avoid critical care, and for when critical care is not available due to crisis triaging. This article will explore the COVID‐19 Ethical Decision Making Framework, published in British Columbia (BC), Canada, to familiarize clinicians and policy makers with how ethical principles can guide systems change, in the service of frail older adults. In BC, the healthcare system has launched resources to support clinicians in proactive advance care planning discussions, and is providing enhanced supportive and palliative care options to residents of long‐term care facilities. If the pandemic truly overwhelms the healthcare system, frailty, but not age alone, provides a fair and evidence‐based means of triaging patients for critical care and could be included into ventilator allocation frameworks. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1666‐1670, 2020.
Molecular mechanisms of painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy—Evidence from animal research and clinical correlates
Authors: Korczeniewska Olga A. , Khan Junad , Eliav Eli , Benoliel Rafael
Published: June 2020

Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) may occur following major craniofacial or oral trauma, or may be subsequent to relatively minor dental interventions. Following injury, pain may originate from a peripheral nerve, a ganglion, or from the central nervous system. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms of pain resulting from injury to the peripheral branch of the trigeminal nerve. This syndrome has been termed painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) by the International Headache Society and replaces previous terms including atypical odontalgia, deafferentation pain, traumatic neuropathy and phantom toothache. We emphasize the scientific evidence supporting the events purported to lead to PTTN by reviewing the pathophysiology of PTTN based on relevant animal models. Additionally, we briefly overview clinical correlates and pathophysiological manifestations of PTTN.
Adolescent Adversity, School Attendance and Academic Achievement: School Connection and the Potential for Mitigating Risk
Authors: Duke Naomi N.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be particularly impactful for the learning environment. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between ACEs and 3 education‐related outcomes, no plan to graduate, past month unexcused absences, and low academic achievement, outcomes linked to poor prospects for future social status attainment and by extension, health.

METHODS

Data are from 9th and 11th grade participants in the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey (N = 81,885). Logistic regression was used to determine if individual and cumulative measures for 10 types of ACEs were significantly associated with education‐related outcomes in analytic models adjusting for demographic and individual factors. Final analytic models tested for moderation of relationships between ACEs and adverse education outcomes by student school connection. Analyses were stratified by
sex.

RESULTS

Multiple types of ACEs were significantly associated with each adverse education outcome. Relationships between some types of ACEs and education outcomes were marginally attenuated by school connection.

CONCLUSIONS

Among high school students, experiences of adversity were significantly associated with scholastic outcomes that portend limited prospects for health and status attainment in adulthood. Strategies for strengthening student school connection may be relevant for supporting youth resilience, and the potential for better stability in adulthood.
Physical Activity of Secondary School Adolescents at Risk of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Frömel Karel , Jakubec Lukáš , Groffik Dorota , ChmelÍk František , Svozil Zbyněk , Šafář Michal
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

The aim of the study is to analyze the associations between depressive symptoms (DS), well‐being and different types of physical activity (PA) in adolescents.

METHODS

Overall, 368 girls and 228 boys aged 15‐19 years were involved in the research. To explore the composition of weekly PA, we used the IPAQ‐Long questionnaire, and a pedometer was used to monitor weekly PA. The prevalence of DS was diagnosed by the Bern Subjective Well‐Being Questionnaire and the WHO‐5 Well‐Being Index.

RESULTS

The girls and boys who reported the most DS and the lowest level of well‐being had significantly less weekly recreational PA. The girls who reported the fewest DS had a 2.12 times greater odds of meeting the 11,000 steps/day recommendation than did the girls with the most DS, whereas we did not detect statistically significant differences in rates of meeting the recommendation in the boys with distinct levels of
DS.

CONCLUSIONS

The study confirms the stronger negative associations between DS and PA, especially among girls. The greatest opportunities for behavioral change in adolescents at the highest risk of DS are in the promotion of recreational
PA.
Heme oxygenase promotes B‐Raf‐dependent melanosphere formation
Authors: Jasmer Kimberly J. , Hou Jie , Mannino Philip , Cheng Jianlin , Hannink Mark
Published: June 2020

Biosynthesis and degradation of heme, an iron‐bound protoporphyrin molecule utilized by a wide variety of metabolic processes, are tightly regulated. Two closely related enzymes, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and heme oxygenase 2 (HMOX2), degrade free heme to produce carbon monoxide, Fe2+, and biliverdin. HMOX1 expression is controlled via the transcriptional activator, NFE2L2, and the transcriptional repressor, Bach1. Transcription of HMOX1 and other NFE2L2‐dependent genes is increased in response to electrophilic and reactive oxygen species. Many tumor‐derived cell lines have elevated levels of NFE2L2. Elevated expression of NFE2L2‐dependent genes contributes to tumor growth and acquired resistance to therapies. Here, we report a novel role for heme oxygenase activity in melanosphere formation by human melanoma‐derived cell lines. Transcriptional induction of HMOX1 through derepression of Bach1 or transcriptional activation of HMOX2 by oncogenic B‐RafV600E results in increased melanosphere formation. Genetic ablation of HMOX1 diminishes melanosphere formation. Further, inhibition of heme oxygenase activity with tin protoporphyrin markedly reduces melanosphere formation driven by either Bach1 derepression or B‐RafV600E expression. Global transcriptome analyses implicate genes involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interactions in melanosphere formation.
Leviathan Awakens: Gas Finds, Energy Governance, and the Emergence of the Eastern Mediterranean as a Geopolitical Region
Authors: Goldthau Andreas C. , Richert Joern , Stetter Stephan
Published: June 2020

This article explores the role of energy in regionalization processes, assessing the case of natural gas finds in the Eastern Mediterranean (East Med). It makes three observations. First, we show that energy resources are a defining factor in shaping a region by rearranging the interactions and networks of actors involved in regionalization processes. Second, we demonstrate that such “energization” processes are not only—and not even primarily—attributable to security practices pursued by state actors. Regionalization underpinned by energy as the key governance object is characterized by a variety of actors, including governments, but also international energy companies, investors, consumers, and regulators. Third, we posit that regionalization processes cannot be fully understood without appreciating the importance of existing global and regional governance frameworks and the values ascribed to the physical resource by international market forces. The findings call on International Relations to go beyond analyzing the East Med energy region through the prism of security studies, which arguably is a function of both theoretical path dependence and a lack of attention to the insights from energy studies. Instead, a multidisciplinary research agenda promises to strengthen academic inquiry into regionalization dynamics in the East Med and the role of regions in world politics more broadly.
Development of a re‐aeration equation for the simulation of dissolved oxygen in degraded streams
Authors: Arora Sameer , Keshari Ashok K.
Published: June 2020

Discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater into the water bodies is the prime source of degradation of the freshwater ecosystem. Re‐aeration of the river allows the rejuvenation of river water quality by absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere at the air‐water interface. An accurate estimation of the re‐aeration coefficient helps to determine the assimilative capacity of streams and wastewater management also. This paper aims to develop the re‐aeration equation and its validation by modelling dissolved oxygen of the Yamuna River. Predictive re‐aeration equations are used to identify their applicability to the study area and the new equation is designed using multivariate statistical regression techniques. QUAL2Kw model is used to validate the equation by modelling dissolved oxygen. Results indicate that the developed equation performs better than the predictive re‐aeration equations for the prediction of water quality.
Removal of selected antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs during post‐treatment of municipal wastewater with UV, UV/chlorine and UV/hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Ngumba Elijah , Gachanja Anthony , Tuhkanen Tuula
Published: June 2020

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are only partially removed by convectional wastewater treatment plants. This study aimed at assessing the post‐treatment degradation of selected antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs by direct UV photolysis and advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2 and UV/Cl2) using low‐pressure mercury lamp. The rate of degradation largely followed pseudo first‐order reaction kinetics. Amongst the six studied APIs, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and zidovudine were readily degraded by more than 90% using direct UV photolysis. Addition of Cl2 and H2O2 to the UV process led to an increase in the rate of degradation for all the compounds. The effectiveness UV/Cl2 process was affected to a greater extent by the background effluent organic matter. This implies that higher electrical energy and oxidant would be required in the UV/Cl2 process relative to UV/H2O2 process. Generally, electrical energy required to remove 90% of the target compounds increased in the order UV/H2O2 < UV/Cl2 < UV processes.
Hydrological impact assessment on permeable road pavement with subsurface precast micro‐detention pond
Authors: Bateni Norazlina , Lai Sai Hin , Putuhena Frederik Josep , Mah Darrien Yau Seng , Mannan Md Abdul , Chin Ren Jie
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to study stormwater management potential of new permeable pavement with subsurface micro‐detention storage (PPDS) at low‐speed residential suburban area. The main features incorporated permeable pavement of a hollow micro cylinder precast structure with solid hexagon precast concrete as top and bottom covers. The purpose of hollow micro detention design is for rainwater holding and void between the sets is for self‐drying through the side and bottom seepage during rain. The hydrological parameters were obtained from laboratory rainfall simulator experiment. The performance was evaluated via simulation with Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The outcomes from the physical model matched well with SWMM. A case study was then developed to assess the hydrological impact of PPDS with the existing condition and other types of permeable pavements. Significant variance was observed, where PPDS displayed its best hydrological performances for stormwater management with the presence of subsurface detention storage.
How would a nearby kilonova look on camera?
Authors: Gupte Nihar , Bartos Imre
Published: June 2020

Kilonovae are cosmic optical flashes produced in the aftermath of the merger of two neutron stars. While the typical radiant flux of a kilonova can be as high as 1034 W, they typically occur at cosmological distances, requiring meter-class or larger telescopes for their observation. Here, we explore how a kilonova would look like from the Earth if it occurred in the Solar System's backyard, 1000 light years from the Earth. This is a small distance on cosmological scales, with only one neutron-star merger expected to occur this close every 100 000 000 years. While humans will likely only see kilonovae at much greater distances, showing how such a nearby event would look on camera can help visualize these events and demonstrate their unique spectral evolution.
Particle motion measurements near a rocky shore off Cabo Frio Island
Authors: Jesus S. M. , Xavier F. C. , Vio R. P. , Osowsky J. , Simões M. V. S. , Netto E. B. F.
Published: June 2020

This paper describes the lessons learned from the experiment BIOCOM'19 carried out in January 2019, in a shallow water bay off the island of Cabo Frio (RJ, Brazil). A dual accelerometer vector sensor hydrophone was deployed for two days, near a rocky shore covered with a significant benthic fauna. The results show that the frequency band above approximately 1.5 kHz is mostly associated with invertebrate biological noise and that the acoustic and the particle motion fields have a similar behavior, following the usual dawn-dusk activity pattern, and a coherent directivity content. At low frequencies, below ∼300 Hz, the acoustic pressure and the particle acceleration fields have significantly different spectral content along time. Many of these differences are due to anthropogenic noise sources related with nearby boating activity, while during quiet periods, they may be attributed to the biological activity from the rocky shore.
What to do with our days
Out of My Skull: The Psychology of Boredom
James Danckert and John D. Eastwood
Harvard University Press, 2020. 288 pp.
Authors: Westgate Erin
Published: June 2020

When wielded correctly, boredom can be a powerful tool
Dating the emergence of human pathogens
Authors: Ho Simon Y. W. , Duchêne Sebastián
Published: June 2020

Ancient genomes can narrow the search for the sources of zoonotic transmissions
Using information theory to decode network coevolution
Authors: Solé Ricard
Published: June 2020

Communication clashes shape the coevolution of insect-plant ecosystems
Creating a culture of change
Picture a Scientist
Ian Cheney and Sharon Shattuck, directors
Uprising LLC, 95 minutes. Streaming via select theaters 12–26 June 2020.
Authors: Riley Donna
Published: June 2020

Urging action, a new film paints a harrowing portrait of female scientists' experiences in academia
Candida glabrata Transcription Factor Rpn4 Mediates Fluconazole Resistance through Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Plasma Membrane Permeability
Authors: Pais Pedro , Califórnia Raquel , Galocha Mónica , Viana Romeu , Ola Mihaela , Cavalheiro Mafalda , Takahashi-Nakaguchi Azusa , Chibana Hiroji , Butler Geraldine , Teixeira Miguel C.
Published: June 2020

The ability to acquire azole resistance is an emblematic trait of the fungal pathogen
Candida glabrata
. Understanding the molecular basis of azole resistance in this pathogen is crucial for designing more suitable therapeutic strategies. This study shows that the
C. glabrata
transcription factor (TF) CgRpn4 is a determinant of azole drug resistance. RNA sequencing during fluconazole exposure revealed that CgRpn4 regulates the expression of 212 genes, activating 80 genes and repressing, likely in an indirect fashion, 132 genes.
Differential Interactions of Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Complement Proteins with Conidia of Airborne Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Wong Sarah Sze Wah , Daniel Irene , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Jayapal Jeya Maheshwari , Guegan Hélène , Dellière Sarah , Lalitha Prajna , Shende Rajashri , Madan Taruna , Bayry Jagadeesh , Guijarro J. Iñaki , Kuppamuthu Dharmalingam , Aimanianda Vishukumar
Published: June 2020

Even though both cellular and humoral immunities contribute to host defense, the role played by humoral immunity against the airborne opportunistic fungal pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus
has been underexplored. In this study, we aimed at deciphering the role of the complement system, the major humoral immune component, against
A. fumigatus
. Mass spectrometry analysis of the proteins extracted from
A. fumigatus
conidial (asexual spores and infective propagules) surfaces opsonized with human serum indicated that C3 is the major complement protein involved.
P-ANCA vasculitis with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage preceded by a spider bite
Authors: Ali Ali Hameed , Kang Mandip Singh , Aldahwi Jaafar , Reyes Candice
Published: June 2020

We report a patient with antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis that was preceded by witnessed black widow spider bites. The patient initially presented with a diffuse painful skin rash that developed after a few hours post bite. He was treated initially with topical ointment for the suspected bite. However, subsequently a few days later the patient returned to the hospital with similar, but more progressive rash with haemoptysis and acute hypoxic respiratory failure requiring supplemental oxygen. Immunology work up showed elevated titre of peri-nuclear ANCA. Bronchoscopy revealed diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. The patient was treated successfully with methylprednisolone and rituximab.