bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monsoon Impact on the Air Quality During SAR-CoV-2 Pandemic Spread in Central Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah: Pre, During and Post Lockdown Scenarios
Authors: Prasanna M.V. , Chidambaram S.
Published: September 2021

Malaysia is considered as one of the countries with the highest novel corona virus (COVID-19) infected cases in Southeast Asia. Recent studies have identified that the air quality of a region also governs the transmission of the virus through pollutants. Hence, a study was conducted to assess the influence of air quality on the COVID-19 pandemic spread in central Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. An attempt was also made to infer the effect of monsoonal precipitation on air quality. Central Peninsular Malaysia consists of major cities like Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Putrajaya. These cities are highly populated, with the expansion of industrial activities, rapid urbanisation and greater usage of vehicles has resulted in air quality deterioration. Such conditions have led to related public health issues, compared to Sabah in east Malaysia. In this study, COVID-19 infected cases, air quality index (AQI) and precipitation data were collected from 25 January to August 2020 to infer the relationship of air quality to the pandemic spread before, during and after the implementation of lockdown periods in the country, referred as movement control order (MCO). The lockdown periods fall under various monsoon climate patterns in the country. Interpretation of data reveals that the variation in air quality correlates with the infected cases. Improved air quality was observed during the last phase of MCO with a lesser number of infected cases. The HYSPLIT model was adopted to study the backward air mass trajectories for different time frames to identify the variation in the sources of pollutants reaching the study area. The study determined that the air pollutants have reached the study area from various directions, reflecting a mixed contribution from the ocean and land area. The relationship between high precipitation (during inter-monsoon and SW monsoon) and improved air quality reveals the washout effect of air pollutants. The outcome of this study inferred that the variation of air quality and precipitation rates facilitate the pandemic spread in this region in addition to the other meteorological factors, apart from individual immune capacity and social distancing.
Filter pruning - deeper layers need fewer filters
Authors: Wang Heng , Ye Xiang , Li Yong
Published: September 2021

Model pruning aims to reduce the parameter amount of deep neural networks while retaining the performance. Existing strategies often treat all layers equally and all layers simply share the same pruning rate. However, it is observed from our experiments that the redundancy degree differs from layer to layer. Based on this observation, this work proposes a pruning strategy depending on the layer-wise redundancy degree. Firstly, we define the redundancy degree for each layer by the norm and similarity redundancy of filters. Then a novel layer-wise strategy, Redundancy-dependent Filter Pruning (RedFiP), is proposed which prunes different proportion of filters at different layers according to the defined redundancy degree. Since the redundancy analysis and experimental results of RedFiP show that deeper layers need fewer filters, a phase-wise strategy, Phased Filter Pruning (PFP), is proposed that divides the layers into three phases and layers in each phase share the same pruning rate. The phase-wise PFP allows the layer-wise RedFiP to be easily implemented in existing structures of deep neural networks. Experimental results show that when total parameters are pruned by 40%, RedFiP outperforms the state-of-the-art strategy FPGM-Mixed by 1.83% on CIFAR-100, and even slightly outperforms the non-pruned model by 0.11% on CIFAR-10. On ImageNet-1k, RedFiP (30%) and PFP (30%) outperform FPGM-Mixed (30%) by 1.3% and 0.8% with ResNet-18.
Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Komici Klara , Femminella Grazia Daniela , Bencivenga Leonardo , Rengo Giuseppe , Pagano Gennaro
Published: September 2021

Background: A link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been proposed but evidence are sparse and inconsistent. Objective: Perform a systematic review of all evidence that link DM and PD characterising the prevalence of DM in PD patients, the risk of developing PD in DM patients and the influence of DM on PD severity and progression. Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from inception to June 30, 2021 were searched. Studies reporting prevalence, incidence, severity and disease progression of DM and PD were included. Prevalence of DM in PD and incidence of PD in DM patients, and characteristics of PD. Results: A total of 21 studies (n = 11,396) included data on DM prevalence in PD patients, 12 studies (n = 17,797,221) included data on incidence of PD in DM patients, and 10 studies (n = 2,482) included data on DM impact on PD severity and disease progression. The prevalence of DM in PD patients was 10.02 %, (95%C.I. 7.88 –12.16), DM patients showed a higher risk of developing PD (OR: 1.34 95%CI 1.26–1.43 p < 0.0001) compared to non-DM, and PD patients with DM showed a greater severity of motor symptoms, with higher Hoehn and Yahr stage (SMD: 0.36 95%CI 0.12–0.60; p < 0.001) and higher UPDRS (SMD 0.60 95%CI 0.28–0.92; p < 0.001) compared with PD patients without DM. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of DM in PD patients is similar to the general population, patients with DM have a higher risk of developing PD, and the presence of DM is associated with greater PD severity and faster progression, which suggests that DM may be a facilitating factor of neurodegeneration.
A Summary of Phenotypes Observed in the In Vivo Rodent Alpha-Synuclein Preformed Fibril Model
Authors: Polinski Nicole K.
Published: September 2021

The use of wildtype recombinant alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils (aSyn PFFs) to induce endogenous alpha-synuclein to form pathological phosphorylation and trigger neurodegeneration is a popular model for studying Parkinson’s disease (PD) biology and testing therapeutic strategies. The strengths of this model lie in its ability to recapitulate the phosphorylation/aggregation of aSyn and nigrostriatal degeneration seen in PD, as well as its suitability for studying the progressive nature of PD and the spread of aSyn pathology. Although the model is commonly used and has been adopted by many labs, variability in observed phenotypes exists. Here we provide summaries of the study design and reported phenotypes from published reports characterizing the aSyn PFF in vivo model in rodents following injection into the brain, gut, muscle, vein, peritoneum, and eye. These summaries are designed to facilitate an introduction to the use of aSyn PFFs to generate a rodent model of PD—highlighting phenotypes observed in papers that set out to thoroughly characterize the model. This information will hopefully improve the understanding of this model and clarify when the aSyn PFF model may be an appropriate choice for one’s research.
Co(II) coordination polymer: Treatment activity on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by reducing the inflammatory cytokines releasing
Authors: Xu Mei-Hua , Wang Cui-Feng , Liu Yan-Tao , Cui Qiu-Lian
Published: September 2021

In the current study, using a semi-flexible quadritopic N-donor ligand, 5,5′-bipyrimidine (bpym), a new azide-based coordination polymer, [Co(bpym)(N3)2]n (1), was synthesized and structurally characterized via the single crystal X-ray diffraction along with the elemental analysis. Its treatment activity on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) would be evaluated and the related mechanism was explored. Firstly, the ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) detection assay was performed and the levels of the inflammatory cytokines were measured. In addition to this, the NF-κB signaling pathway activation in the lung epithelial cells was measured with the real time RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Both six-membered rings containing nitrogen and the azide group on the designed drug molecule were confirmed by molecular docking simulation to have activities to the NF-kappaB.
Body composition and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case control study
Authors: Tandoroost Arash , Moradi Sara , Moradinazar Mehdi , Moradi Shima , Pasdar Yahya , Nayebi Atiyeh , Marzbani Behjat
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: While evidence has been a highlight that obesity may be associated with the increased incidence of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), these data have depended on defective measures of obesity such as body mass index (BMI), and usually have not the well-known relationship between body composition with NAFLD. METHODS: In a case-control study of people aged 20– 65 years, we directly measured body composition (using bioelectrical impedance analysis), height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences who referred to radiology clinics in Kermanshah, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS: Among 221 people examined, 103 cases with NAFLD and 119 as control were established. The risk of NAFLD was positively associated with higher BMI and the components of the body composition. These associations were strengthened after adjusting for potential confounders including gender, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity CONCLUSION: An increasing prevalence of obesity may be associated with the increasing incidence of NAFLD as observed in many populations. We observed an increased risk of NAFLD associated with increased BMI, central adiposity, and the fat component of weight, but found no association with nonfat mass.
schleichende Krise strukturschwacher Kommunen
Authors: Dudek Simon
Published: September 2021

Der Beitrag nimmt das gestiegene Problembewusstsein für kommunale Daseinsvorsorge zum Ausgangspunkt, um die Auswirkungen kommunaler Finanzschwäche zu diskutieren. Neben der ungleichen räumlichen Entwicklung geht er auf den zunehmenden Wettbewerb zwischen den Gemeinden ein. Anhand einer Analyse der kommunalen Maßnahmen zur Haushaltskonsolidierung in Hessen und Nordrhein-Westfalen zeigt der Beitrag auf, dass die Entschuldungsprogramme negative Auswirkungen auf die kommunale Position im Steuerwettbewerb wie auch auf die Ausgestaltung der Grundversorgung vor Ort haben. Vor diesem Hintergrund betont der Artikel die Bedeutung ausreichend ausgestatteter kommunaler Haushalte für die Ausgestaltung des Sozialstaates auf lokaler Ebene.
Description of the characteristics of the clinical incidents reported in 2020 to the voluntary reporting system of a pediatric hospital in Costa Rica
Authors: Rodriguez Robinson , Mora Enrique Enrique Víctor , Olga Arguedas Arguedas Olga , Brenes Solano Rita
Published: September 2021

The objective of this manuscript was to describe the clinical incidents that were sent to the voluntary reporting system during 2020 at the National Children's Hospital of Costa Rica, belonging to the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. A descriptive observational study of the consolidated data that was sent during the months of January to December of the year 2020 was carried out. During 2020, 1.6% of the patients treated in the hospital experienced some type of clinical incident. The total discharges decreased by 38.4% compared to the discharges of the year 2019, however, the reported clinical incidents increased in the year 2020 by 37.6%, especially from the month of August. Sentinel events were not reported this year. The services that made the highest number of reports were Intensive Care (14.3%), General Surgery (12%), Neonatology (9.8%) and Infectiology (9%). The day on which the most incidents were reported was Wednesday (27.8%), in the first hospital shift most of the cases were reported (48.1%) and these incidents occurred predominantly to male individuals (66%). Regarding the age of the patients, the majority were in the age range from 1 year to less than 5 years (36.1%), followed by the age range from over 29 days to under 1 year (24, 1%). Most of the cases were related to the care provided to the patient (63.9%). 41.4% of the incidents required clinical measures but the sequelae were transitory. 51.1% of the cases merited some type of additional medical care to their therapeutic scheme upon admission. 96% of clinical incidents were reported by nursing staff. Most of the clinical incidents (35.3%) in this period were errors related to notes in the digital file.
"Rules you have to know"
Authors: Seithers Laura , Amankulova Zhuldyz , Johnstone Christopher
Published: September 2021

As more universities internationalize, interest in engagement between international and domestic students has increased. University initiatives to bring students together often adopt a deficit approach dependent on international students’ “adjustment” to the host culture, overlooking the need for adjustment to be a two-way exchange and the role of the institution in this process. Focusing on educational group work as a salient site of cross-national interaction, this study draws on focus group data to explore how institutional habitus, or unwritten rules, are enacted at a large U.S. university. Findings indicated that domestic students were better socialized to understand the habitus of the institution and thus tend to take charge in group work. In contrast, international students were seen as linguistically and academically deficient and are relegated to passive roles in a group. Important implications for practitioners and scholars of U.S. higher education are discussed.
Pemanfaatan Social Media Marketing dan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Koperasi Kampung Bunga Kayu Cilember Mekar di Desa Cilember - Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Mariam Iis
Published: September 2021

Pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat akan diadakan di desa Cilember Cisarua Pemerintah Kabupaten Bogor – Jawa Barat tahun ini merupakan tahun keempat sejak tahun 2016 pertama kali dilaksanakan menginat pengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan wujud dari pelaksanaan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh dosen dibantu oleh staf administrasi dan mahasiswa. Pengabdian masyarakat akan dilaksanakan dengan pembekalan secara teori dan praktek. Adapun kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat memberikan pelatihan mengenai pemasaran produk dilakukan secara online (social media marketing), menyusun laporan keuangan Koperasi Kampung Bunga Kayu Cilember Mekar di Desa Cilember, Kabupaten Bogor dan komunikasi serta pelayanan prima  yang dilakukan aparatur desa.  Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 18 September 2019, setelah pelaksanaan pengabdian ini selesai akan dilakukan monitoring terhadap  hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat apakah sudah diimplementasikan sesuai prosedur yang berlaku.  Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah  untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada aparat desa Cilember dan masyarakat/pedagang yang menjadi anggota Koperasi Kampung Bunga Kayu  di desa Cilember, kabupaten Bogor agar mengetahui cara memasarkan produknya dengan menggunakan social media marketing, memberikan pelayanan yang prima dengan komunikasi yang baik  serta mampu membuat laporan keuangan koperasi dengan benar.
Continuing education: indications for distance learning of biological sciences in elementary and secondary education
Authors: Dendasck Carla Viana , Oliveira Euzébio de , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: September 2021

Although discussions about the possibility of online education in elementary and high school in Brazil have entered the wake of the theoretical debate, there is still great resistance. However, the pandemic context brought no alternatives, leading thousands of students to social isolation for more than a year. This context caused elementary and high school teachers to adapt to new technologies, thus demonstrating the need to prepare to work in remote learning teaching. The guide question of this material was: How can life science teachers prepare and what basic tools should they know to prepare their online classes? Thus, the general objective was to carry out indications that teachers should know to prepare their online classes. The methodology adopted was exploratory through literature review. The main indications were that teachers need to seek diversified content in the preparation of classes to adopt motivation strategies with their students, adopting care with the issue of language, audio and light in the production of classes. Finally, it will be up to the teacher to recognize the various tools and resources such as: Youtube, Instagram, Movies, Games, and other subsidies, so that there is an approximation between the teaching of biology and the reality of the student.
Not Strictly STEAM
Authors: Appler Vivian
Published: September 2021

“That which We Call A Rose,” (“Rose”) is a multi-media performance-as-research project, with puppets and robots, that I devised with a diverse ensemble of undergraduates and professionals to explore questions about planetary nomenclature, climate change, and colonization. “Rose” explicitly challenges andro-and euro-centric hegemonies embedded in 21st century space exploration and invites its audiences to do the same. STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) has become a popular pedagogy for K-12 education. Many K-12 STEAM programs claim to put art at the heart of STEM, but often prioritize science content over creative process, falling short of the potential that STEAM holds to foster lifelong learners and innovators who are curious, skilled, and literate across a variety of disciplinary and cultural boundaries. The Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), on the other hand, promotes a K-20 STEAM pedagogy that acknowledges the importance of facilitating young learners’ creative inquiry as well as the potential for mature artists to become equally-valued culture creators across arts, science, and social domains.

In this article, I use “Rose” as a case study to query the possibilities of implementing performance-as-research as an essential component of STEAM pedagogies. I examine the ways that artists can invite audiences across multiple social identities to join in processes of performance creation as a means of critical inquiry of STEM fields. The performance-as-research process encourages participant audiences to authentically engage in arts practices as a means of actively combatting social issues such as climate change, professional gender and racial inequity, and the colonialist traditions implicit to contemporary space exploration.
Supporting Crossover Students in an Urban School District: A Participatory Project
Authors: Martinez Robert , Scholl Mark , Torres Erika , Corral Jesus , Naranjo Sandra , Miranda Denise , Dooley Mary
Published: September 2021

This participatory action research (PAR) project describes crossover students’ college and career readiness needs in a major west coast urban school district. The paper provided insights from administrator researchers, participants, facilitator, and recommendations for school counselors, educators, and organizations who are thinking of creating more counseling support and educational opportunities for crossover students. The results include the reflections and recommendations of crossover youths (e.g., encourage us, we are worth the rigor). The discussion includes strategies for supporting the academic, career, emotional, and social needs of crossover students.
Construct validity of Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale in Brazilian Athletic Context
Authors: Da Silva Walan Robert , Thiago Thiago Emannuel Medeiros , Pesca Andréa Duarte , Cardoso Fernando Luiz
Published: September 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale in the athletic context of Brazil.

Method: In total, 387 athletes participated in the study, 232 men and 155 women, with a mean age of 22.1+/-4.5 years, practitioners of team modalities in clubs in Southern Brazil. The construct validity was evaluated through exploratory Factorial Analyses with Oblimin Rotation and the factorial weight 0.3 was used to exclude items. Cronbach’s Alpha and Polychoric Correlation evaluated the internal variance consistency.

Results: The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale uploaded on 2 factors showed 61% of the variance of the construct, with factor 1 adding items about positive self-esteem and factor 2 about negative self-esteem. To confirm the internal consistency of the instrument, we performed polychoric correlation between the items on the scale. All items showed significant positive correlation above 0.3 (p>0.05) confirming the good internal consistency of the questionnaire.

Conclusion: This research identifies good psychometric properties of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale in the Brazilian sport context of athletes of team sports. The bifactorial structure was verified, agreeing with the original proposal, suggesting the separate score calculation of each factor on the self-esteem Scale.
Blood glucose threshold of the inspiratory muscles: is it possible to determine it by Borg?
Authors: Petto Jefferson , Silva Wasly Santana , Santos-Mestre William , Celestino-da-Silva Vitor , Oliveira-de-Oliveira Francisco-Tiago
Published: September 2021

Objective: To test the hypothesis that it is possible to estimate the glycemic threshold (GT) of inspiratory muscles using the subjective perception scale to Borg's effort.

Methods: Observational association and cross-sectional study, in which 21 male individuals, eutrophic, irregularly active, aged between 18 and 30 years evaluated. All submitted to an incremental inspiratory muscle test to determine the GT. During the test, the traditional Borg scale was applied at each stage of the test. Pearson's test was used to verify the correlation between GT and Borg.

Results: A descriptive analysis that GT occurred 23±9.1% of MIP in an absolute load of 32±14.6cmH2O and was compatible with the score of 13±1.5 on the BORG scale (r=0.67) and (r=0.58) respectively.

Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that the Borg scale is a viable method to determine the GT of inspiratory muscles and consequently be used for prescribing Inspiratory Muscle Training.
¿Es la fuerza de prensión manual un buen indicador de condición física y composición corporal en pacientes con cáncer de mama que han terminado los tratamientos centrales de la enfermedad? Estudio EFICAN
Authors: Esteban-Simón Alba , Díez-Fernández David M , Alcaraz-García Celia , García-Martínez María del Mar , Moreno-Poza Nuria , Maldonado-Quesada Mercedes , Carrera-Ruiz Álvaro , Toro-de-Federico Antonio , Hachem-Salas Nur , Moreno-Martos Herminia , Vazquez-Sousa Rosa , Casimiro-Artés Miguel Á , Artés-Rodríguez Eva , Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel A , Casimiro-Andújar Antonio J , Soriano-Maldonado Alberto
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la fuerza de prensión manual (FPM) y diversos parámetros de condición física y composición corporal en mujeres supervivientes de cáncer de mama.

Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal con los datos basales del ensayo clínico EFICAN (Ejercicio FÍsico para supervivientes de CÁNcer de mama). Participaron 60 mujeres supervivientes de cáncer de mama que habían terminado los tratamientos centrales de la enfermedad en los 10 años previos al comienzo del estudio, que no presentaban enfermedad pulmonar o cardiovascular, cáncer de mama metastásico, ni tenían prevista una intervención para reconstrucción mamaria en un plazo de 3 meses desde el comienzo del estudio. Se evaluó la fuerza de prensión manual mediante dinamometría manual, la fuerza muscular isométrica pico mediante dinamometría electromecánica funcional, el fitness cardiorrespiratorio (VO2máx) se estimó a través del Siconolfi step test, la amplitud de movimiento (ADM) en flexión de hombro mediante goniometría digital, y la composición corporal mediante bioimpedancia.

Resultados: Se observó una asociación positiva de la FPM con la masa muscular (r=0.423), y con la fuerza isométrica de miembro superior (r=0.523) e inferior (r=0.335), y una asociación negativa de la FPM con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (r=-0.405). Sin embargo, no se encontró asociación entre FPM y VO2máx ni ADM del hombro (P>0.05).

Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que la FPM puede ser un buen indicador de fuerza muscular, así como de composición corporal en mujeres supervivientes de cáncer de mama. Futuros estudios prospectivos deberán evaluar el valor predictivo de la FPM en esta población.
DEFENCE INITIATIVES TO STRENGTHEN THE SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: GARB GREGOR
Published: September 2021

Povzetek

Izhajajoč iz poslanstva Globalne strategije za zunanjo in varnostno politiko EU iz leta 2016 in s ciljem doseganja strateške obrambne avtonomije so države članice EU soglasno sprejele in implementirale različne pobude za krepitev razvoja zmogljivosti EU, kot so CARD, PESCO in EDF. Z doseganjem strateške obrambne avtonomije kot prednostne naloge bo EU postala ugledna svetovna sila in kot taka ne bo več tista, ki bo za doseganje svoje ravni ambicij odvisna le od velikih sil. Z izpolnjevanjem tega cilja bo EU tudi krepila svojo že tradicionalno mehko moč pri zaščiti strateških interesov. Kljub temu bo sodelovanje med EU in Natom še naprej nujno za evropsko in svetovno varnost.

Ključne besede
EUGS, obrambne pobude, CARD, PESCO, EDF, sodelovanje EU-NATO

Abstract

Following the mission of the European Union Global Strategy (EUGS), and with the aim of achieving strategic defence autonomy, the EU Member States unanimously adopted and implemented various initiatives to strengthen the development of the EU’s capabilities: CARD, PESCO and the EDF. By achieving strategic defence autonomy as a priority, the EU will become a respectable global power and, as such, it will no longer be one that depends solely on great powers to provide for its level of ambition. In this way, the EU will also harden its traditional soft power to protect its strategic interests. Nevertheless, cooperation between the EU and NATO will remain essential and is crucial for European and global security.

Key words
EUGS, defence initiatives, CARD, PESCO, EDF, EU-NATO cooperation
INVESTIGATING MOTIVATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN TERMS OF DEMOGRAFIC VARIABLES ACCORDING TO TEACHER OPINIONS: A CASE OF TURKEY
Authors: Recepoğlu Ergün
Published: September 2021

Motivation is of great importance for social and work life as motivation emerges in every aspect of life. The aim of this research is to analyze job motivation of primary and secondary school teachers. This is a descriptive research in the survey model. The sample of the study is 305 teachers employed in primary and secondary schools in Karabük in Turkey. As a data collection instrument “Job Motivation Scale” developed by Aksoy (2006) was used. The frequency, percentage, arithmetical mean and standard deviation of the answers were calculated. Independent t-Test and One-Way ANOVA were performed to analyze the data. According to research findings, Job motivation of teachers in primary and secondary schools shows a significant difference in terms of age, tenure of office while motivation of teachers do not show a significant difference in terms of teachers’ gender, education level and branch.
Key words: motivation, primary and secondary school, teacher.
RESEARCH ETHICS: AN INVESTIGATION INTO WHY SCHOOL LEADERS AGREE OR REFUSE TO PARTICIPATE IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Authors: Brevik Lisbeth M.
Published: September 2021

The present qualitative study investigates the reasons given by 236 Norwegian upper secondary school leaders when they either accepted or refused to take part in a research project. The analysis shows that those who agreed to participate gave two main reasons, while the range of reasons among those who refused was more diverse. Moreover, when making their decisions the school leaders considered the consequences for their schools and their teachers, and to some extent, their students. These findings are discussed in relation to consequence ethics and value judgments, in the hope of contributing to a renewed perspective on research ethics. There is a tendency to consider research ethics a matter of how researchers should treat their participants to safeguard the participants’ interests. However, the findings of the present study suggest that it is equally important to understand the participants’ perspectives, which will in turn help researchers provide the information needed to better inform, and hopefully recruit participants for research projects.
Key words: accountability, consequence ethics, professional development, reading, research ethics.
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN DEVELOPMENT EMPATHY THROUGHT INDIVIDUALIZED MATERIALS
Authors: Simeonsdotter Svensson Agneta
Published: September 2021

The overall objective of the study is to investigate whether the understanding of animals and their living conditions is a way for child’s emphatic ability. One interesting question is in what way children show that they are developing empathy. Do children show some change in the way they talk about animals and their living conditions? How is this change revealed? The theoretical basis of this study is based on Martin Hoffman's research (2000) which emphasizes the importance of learning and of encouraging empathy in children. The study design is qualitative and was conducted using conversations with child participants, notes, photographs and video recordings of the children working with the teaching material "cat picture" and dog picture". The participants comprised of 52 children aged between 3-5 years, divided into a main group and a control group with 26 children, 12 girls and 14 boys in each group. The results show that there is a difference in the two testing occasions between the main group and the control group. As the main group were given opportunities to think and reflect and work with the material, ideas about thoughts on ethical issues could emerge and developed further. Sustainable development must begin with the children. This is the best investment that any society can make. Key words: animals, empathy, ethics, preschool children.
USING SENSES AND SENSORS IN THE ENVIRONMENT TO DEVELOP ABSTRACT THINKING – A THEORETICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: João Silva Maria , Lopes Joaquim Bernardino , Silva António Alberto
Published: September 2021

The authors of this paper present a framework developed in a project that explores the use of senses and sensors in environmental education, to develop children’s abstract thinking. The research started with a brief formulation of a framework that was used to guide the cross-analysis of six case studies, in order to explore its usefulness. This analysis showed that it was possible to teachers to support the development of children’s abstract thinking by facilitating the use of senses and sensors in inquiry activities; and by scaffolding complex tasks, using concreteness fading, and bridging representations, with different levels of abstraction. The analysis also showed that the assessment of the development of abstract thinking can be based on the analysis of children’s epistemic practices, like observing, describing, interpreting, and creating multiple representations. Furthermore, the cross-analysis showed that sensorial information was used as a concrete basis to abstraction. After that, an improved framework is presented, showing how senses and sensors may be used in authentic activities to develop abstract thinking: (a) making it possible to observe the unobservable (for human senses), (b) scaffolding the understanding of patterns resulting from the influence of independent in dependent variables, (c) facilitating epistemic practices. Key words: abstract thinking, environmental education, senses, sensors.
Yogures adicionados con caseinomacropéptido: Estudio de la actividad anticariogénica
Authors: Perret Sofía Eugenia , Vénica Claudia Inés , Perotti María Cristina , Wolf Irma Verónica
Published: September 2021

Caseinomacropeptídeo é um grupo de peptídeos glicosilados que contêm ácido siálico; eles são atribuídos à atividade anticariogênica. No presente estudo, três iogurtes (experimentais) adicionados aos ingredientes-fonte desses peptídeos foram formulados em escala de laboratório: concentrado protéico de soro 80% e caseinomacropeptídeo em diferentes níveis, que foram comparados com um iogurte (controle) contendo apenas leite em pó desnatado. Aos 21 dias, foram determinados a composição físico-química, o ácido siálico e a atividade anticariogênica, esta última com teste de desmineralização in vitro utilizando hidroxiapatita como modelo dentário e dois tampões erosivos. Os iogurtes apresentaram parâmetros físico-químicos normais e níveis de ácido siálico na faixa de 28,4 a 431,7 mg / g. A proteção dos iogurtes experimentais contra o cálcio e o fósforo da hidroxiapatita foi significativamente maior em comparação com o controle; o valor de pH do tampão não influenciou a proteção.
A rare case of a favorable outcome in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Bohdalek's hernia)
Authors:   City Hospital No. 2 under Health Ministry of the Khabarovsk Krai, Akulinin V.V. , Suvorova N.E. ,   City Hospital No. 2 under Health Ministry of the Khabarovsk Krai, Frolov S.S. ,   City Hospital No. 2 under Health Ministry of the Khabarovsk Krai
Published: September 2021

The article presents a rare case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (Bohdalek's hernia) in a 1.5 month old child. There are indications of the difficulty of diagnosing this pathology. SKT, as well as the presence of a well-organized telemedicine consultation has made it possible to make the diagnosis in a timely manner and prescribe a propper treatment
Mikroorganizmaların Büyüme Eğrilerini Tanımlamak İçin Excel Tabanlı, Kullanıcı Dostu, Ücretsiz Bir Araç: ÖK-BUZ GRoFiT
Authors: ÖKSÜZ Hasan Basri , BUZRUL Sencer
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada mikroorganizmaların (bakteriler, mayalar, küfler) büyüme/gelişme eğrilerini tanımlamak için Excel® tabanlı ücretsiz bir araç olan ÖK-BUZ (Öksüz-Buzrul) GRoFiT (büyüme eğrileri tanımlama) uygulamasının kullanımı gösterilmiştir. Günümüzde birçok büyüme modeli kullanılmakta olup, bunların içerisinden belki de en fazla kullanılan büyüme modellerinden olan Baranyi, Gompertz ve Üç Fazlı Doğrusal (ÜFD) modelleri Excel içerisine yerleştirilerek, modelleme konusunda çok yetkin olmayan kişilerin de rahatlıkla kullanabileceği ve sonuçları yorumlayabileceği kullanıcı dostu bir araç oluşturulmuştur. Bu araç kullanılarak her üç modelin parametreleri yani mikroorganizmaların başlangıç sayısı (log10N0), mikroorganizmaların ulaşabileceği azami sayı (log10Nmaks), azami özgül büyüme hızı (µmaks veya µ) ve uyum (lag) zamanı (λ) standart hatalarıyla birlikte bulunabilir. Dahası model parametrelerinin üst ve alt sınırları (%95 güven aralıkları) da elde edilebilmektedir. Bu değerlerin hemen yanında model uyum göstergeleri listelenmektedir. Bunlar belirleme katsayısı (R2), ayarlı belirleme katsayısı (ayarlı R2) ve modelin standart hatası veya karesel ortalama hatadır (RMSE). Araç içerisindeki modeller birçok farklı büyüme veri setine uygulanmış ve sonuçlar ücretli bir yazılım olan SigmaPlot® programı ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonucunda rahatlıkla söylenebilir ki bu uygulamanın mikroorganizmaların büyüme eğrilerini tanımlaması bakımından paralı yazılımlardan farkı yoktur: ÖK-BUZ GRoFiT kullanılarak aynı veri seti için aynı parametre değerlerini ve aynı model uyum göstergelerini elde etmek mümkündür. Ayrıca, ÖK-BUZ GRoFiT Monte Carlo benzetimi yaparak ücretli programların birçoğunda bulunmayan simetrik olmayan %95 güven aralıklarını da hesaplamaktadır. Parametrelerin güven aralıklarını hesaplayabilen ücretli yazılımlar ise genel olarak simetrik güven aralıklarını vermektedir. ÖK-BUZ GRoFiT uygulaması tamamen Türkçe olup, “https://mmf.gidatarim.edu.tr/ok-buz-grofit” adresinden ücretsiz olarak indirilerek kullanılabilir. Kullanıcılardan gelecek olan talepler doğrultusunda uygulama içerisine yeni büyüme modelleri de eklenebilecek ve farklı disiplinlerde çalışan araştırmacıların (gıda, kimya, biyoloji, ziraat, biyoteknoloji vb.) bu uygulamayı kullanması mümkün olacaktır.
Model Lewin Dalam Manajemen Perubahan Teori Klasik Menghadapi Disrupsi Dalam Lingkungan Bisnis
Authors: Mellita Dina , Elpanso Efan
Published: September 2021

At present, the business environment is entering its third decade in the 21st century. Business today is more modern and dynamic and is colored by various disruption. Disruption, in this case, is the disruption of technology, politics, economy, and social culture. In the management of organizational change, Lewin's model is known as a classical theory and as a guide for organizations to implement, manage, and evaluate change. This study aims to identify whether Lewin's model which is considered a classic is still adaptive for use in a business environment that is recruited. By using conceptual research methods it is known that the three stages of Lewin put forward the individual or human as the root of change through the identification of the driving factors and drivers of change. In this model, the leadership style is more oriented to involvement, commitment, and support, and orientation to sharing knowledge for the success of the change process in the organization. With these factors in Lewin's stage, changes as a result of the disruption in the business environment in the organization will be effective.

 

Abstrak

Pada saat ini lingkungan bisnis memasuki dasawarsa ketiga dalam abad 21. Bisnis pada saat ini lebih modern dan dinamis dan diwarnai oleh berbagai disrupsi. Disrupsi dalam hal ini adalah disrupsi teknologi, politik, ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Dalam manajemen perubahan organisasi, Model Lewin dikenal sebagai teori klasik dan sebagai pedoman bagi organisasi untuk  mengimplementasikan, mengelola dan mengevaluasi perubahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apakah Model Lewin yang dianggap klasik tersebut masih adaptif untuk digunakan dalam lingkungan bisnis yang disrutif. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian konseptual diketahui bahwa tiga tahapan Lewin mengedepankan individu atau manusia sebagai akar dari perubahan melalui identifikasi faktor pendorong dan penggerak perubahan. Dalam model ini juga mengedepankan gaya kepemimpinan lebih berorientasi pada keterlibatan, komitmen dan dukungan serta orientasi berbagi pengetahuan untuk keberhasilan proses perubahan dalam organisasi. Dengan faktor-faktor tersebut dalam tahapan Lewin, perubahan sebagai akibat dari adanya disrupsi pada lingkungan bisnis pada organisasi akan berjalan efektif.

Kata kunci: Proses Perubahan, Refreezing, Gaya Kepemimpinan
Discovery and Genetic Mapping of PM1, a Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Mihalyov Paul D. , Garfinkel Andrea R.
Published: September 2021

Powdery mildew is among the most common diseases of both hemp- and marijuana-type cultivated Cannabis sativa. Despite its prevalence, no documented studies have characterized sources of natural genetic resistance in this pathosystem. Here we provide evidence for the first resistance (R) gene in C. sativa, represented by a single dominant locus that confers complete resistance to an isolate of the powdery mildew pathogen Golovinomyces ambrosiae, found in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Linkage mapping with nearly 10,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers revealed that this R gene (designated PM1) is located on the distal end of the long arm of one of the largest chromosomes in the C. sativa genome. According to reference whole genome sequences and Sanger sequencing, the marker was tentatively placed in a cluster of R genes of the nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein type. PM1's dominant behavior, qualitative penetrance, and a co-segregating qPCR marker to track its inheritance were confirmed in two separate genetic backgrounds totaling 185 recombinant F1 plants. The goal of this study is to provide a foundation for the discovery and characterization of additional sources of genetic resistance to pathogens that infect C. sativa.
Improved Production of Xylanase in Pichia pastoris and Its Application in Xylose Production From Xylan
Authors: Miao Ting , Basit Abdul , Liu Junquan , Zheng Fengzhen , Rahim Kashif , Lou Huiqiang , Jiang Wei
Published: September 2021

Xylanases with high specific activity has been focused with great interest as a useful enzyme in biomass utilization. The production of recombinant GH11 xylanase (MYCTH_56237) from Myceliophthora thermophila has been improved through N-terminal signal peptide engineering in P. pastoris. The production of newly recombinant xylanase (termed Mtxyn11C) was improved from 442.53 to 490.7 U/mL, through a replacement of α-factor signal peptide with the native xylanase signal peptide segment (MVSVKAVLLLGAAGTTLA) in P. pastoris. Scaling up of Mtxyn11C production in a 7.5 L fermentor was improved to the maximal production rate of 2503 U/mL. In this study, the degradation efficiency of Mtxyn11C was further examined. Analysis of the hydrolytic mode of action towards the birchwood xylan (BWX) revealed that Mtxyn11C was clearly more effective than commercial xylanase and degrades xylan into xylooligosaccharides (xylobiose, xylotriose, xylotetraose). More importantly, Mtxyn11C in combination with a single multifunctional xylanolytic enzyme, improved the hydrolysis of BWX into single xylose by 40%. Altogether, this study provided strategies for improved production of xylanase together with rapid conversion of xylose from BWX, which provides sustainable, cost-effective and environmental friendly approaches to produce xylose/XOSs for biomass energy or biofuels production.
The Role of the Signaling Pathways Involved in the Protective Effect of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Lv Shuangyu , Li Xiaotian , Zhao Shizhen , Liu Huiyang , Wang Honggang
Published: September 2021

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury refers to the functional and structural changes in the process of blood flow recovery after ischemia. In addition to ischemia, the blood flow recovery can also lead to very harmful damage, such as the obvious cell swelling and the irreversible cell necrosis. I/R injury is related with many diseases, including myocardial I/R injury. Myocardial I/R injury refers to the aggravation of ischemic myocardial tissue injury due to sudden disorder of blood circulation. Although there are many studies on myocardial I/R injury, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), like carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, is an important gas signal molecule. It plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies indicate that H2S can improve myocardial I/R injury, however, its mechanism is not fully understood, especially the involved signal pathways. In this review, we summarize the related researches about the role of the signaling pathways involved in the protective effects of exogenous H2S on myocardial I/R injury, so as to provide theoretical reference for the future in-depth researches.
The Endothelial Glycocalyx: Physiology and Pathology in Neonates, Infants and Children
Authors: Puchwein-Schwepcke Alexandra , Genzel-Boroviczény Orsolya , Nussbaum Claudia
Published: September 2021

The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) as part of the endothelial surface layer (ESL) is an important regulator of vascular function and homeostasis, including permeability, vascular tone, leukocyte recruitment and coagulation. Located at the interface between the endothelium and the blood stream, this highly fragile structure is prone to many disruptive factors such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Shedding of the EG has been described in various acute and chronic diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction and angiopathy, such as sepsis, trauma, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Circulating EG components including syndecan-1, hyaluronan and heparan sulfate are being evaluated in animal and clinical studies as diagnostic and prognostic markers in several pathologies, and advances in microscopic techniques have enabled in vivo assessment of the EG. While research regarding the EG in adult physiology and pathology has greatly advanced throughout the last decades, our knowledge of the development of the glycocalyx and its involvement in pathological conditions in the pediatric population is limited. Current evidence suggests that the EG is present early during fetal development and plays a critical role in vessel formation and maturation. Like in adults, EG shedding has been demonstrated in acute inflammatory conditions in infants and children and chronic diseases with childhood-onset. However, the underlying mechanisms and their contribution to disease manifestation and progression still need to be established. In the future, the glycocalyx might serve as a marker to identify pediatric patients at risk for vascular sequelae and as a potential target for early interventions.
Phase Separation in Anaerobic Digestion: A Potential for Easier Process Combination?
Authors: Janesch Eike , Pereira Joana , Neubauer Peter , Junne Stefan
Published: September 2021

The flexibilization of bioenergy production has the potential to counteract partly other fluctuating renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar power). As a weather-independent energy source, anaerobic digestion (AD) can offer on-demand energy supply through biogas production. Separation of the stages in anaerobic digestion represents a promising strategy for the flexibilization of the fermentative part of biogas production. Segregation in two reactor systems facilitates monitoring and control of the provision of educts to the second methanogenic stage, thus controlling biogas production. Two-stage operation has proven to reach similar or even higher methane yields and biogas purities than single-stage operation in many different fields of application. It furthermore allows methanation of green hydrogen and an easier combination of material and energy use of many biogenic raw and residual biomass sources. A lot of research has been conducted in recent years regarding the process phase separation in multi-stage AD operation, which includes more than two stages. Reliable monitoring tools, coupled with effluent recirculation, bioaugmentation and simulation have the potential to overcome the current drawbacks of a sophisticated and unstable operation. This review aims to summarize recent developments, new perspectives for coupling processes for energy and material use and a system integration of AD for power-to-gas applications. Thereby, cell physiological and engineering aspects as well as the basic economic feasibility are discussed. As conclusion, monitoring and control concepts as well as suitable separation technologies and finally the data basis for techno-economic and ecologic assessments have to be improved.
A Comparison of Order-Disorder in Several Families of Cubic Oxides
Authors: Subramani T. , Voskanyan A. , Jayanthi K. , Abramchuk M. , Navrotsky A.
Published: September 2021

Order-disorder on both cation and oxygen sites is a hallmark of fluorite-derived structures, including pyrochlores. Ordering can occur on long- and short-range scales and can result in persistent metastable states. In various cubic oxide systems, different types of disorder are seen. The purpose of this paper is to review and compare the types and energetics of order-disorder phenomena in several families of cubic oxides having pyrochlore, weberite, defect fluorite, perovskite, rocksalt, and spinel structures. The goal is to better understand how structure, composition, and thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy and entropy) determine the feasibility of different competing ordering processes and structures in these diverse systems.