bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of food portion sizes suitable for 4–18‐year‐old children used in a theoretical meal plan meeting energy and nutrient requirements
Authors: More J. A. , Lanigan J. , Emmett P.
Published: January 2021

Background

Healthy eating guidelines for school‐aged children are available but without advice on portion sizes. This is a concern because consuming large portions is associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. The present study aimed to calculate recommended portion sizes for school‐aged children based on weight for age and use them to develop a meal plan to meet nutritional needs within energy requirements.

Methods

Portion size data on foods consumed by school‐aged children (4–18 years) were extracted from two sources: (i) British National Diet and Nutrition Survey (1997) and (ii) Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (1997–2006). Foods were allocated to groups based on the UK Eatwell Guide and the US My Plate Model. Portion sizes were developed for a variety of foods. A meal plan that included portion size guidance and met healthy eating guidelines was developed based on the number of portions of each food group needed to meet dietary requirements.

Results

Portion sizes were developed for 131 foods that were commonly eaten by children in age groups 4–6, 7–10, 11–14 and 15–18 years. The meal plan met requirements for energy and nutrients as specified by UK dietary reference values, except for vitamin D for which there are few dietary sources.

Conclusions

Food portion sizes informed by usual intake in UK children can help inform dietary advice for a range of childhood settings and for parents. The meal plan included a wide variety of foods to encourage dietary diversity and meet energy and nutrient needs for school‐aged children.
Motives for weight loss and weight loss maintenance: results from the MedWeight study
Authors: Poulimeneas Dimitrios , Anastasiou Costas A. , Kokkinos Alexander , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Yannakoulia Mary
Published: January 2021

Background

The relationship of weight loss motives with long‐term outcomes is equivocal. We aimed to examine differences in weight loss motives of maintainers and regainers, as well as explore associations between motives and successful maintenance.

Methods

The study sample includes 607 adults, with a history of overweight/obesity and self‐reported ≥10% voluntary weight loss, 12 months before study entry. Participants were classified as maintainers (weighing ≤90% maximum weight) or regainers. Volunteers identified possible motives for weight loss and maintenance (maintainers only), from a specific list.

Results

Both maintainers and regainers were predominantly motivated by physical appearance (38.6% versus 39.9%, P > 0.05) and self‐esteem (26.8% versus 32.0%, P > 0.05) for weight loss. Compared to regainers, more maintainers reported weight reduction driven by social purposes (16.6% versus 9.4%, P = 0.022) and less were prompted by friends/family to lose weight (21.1% versus 31.7%, P = 0.005). In maintainers, shifts in motives from weight loss to maintenance phase were found, including an increased prevalence of health motives (6.4% versus 9.6%, P < 0.001) and decreased physical appearance motives (38.6% versus 30.3%, P < 0.001). Reporting physical appearance as main maintenance motive was inversely associated with maintained weight loss, after adjusting for age, sex and years of education (B = −3.49 [1.07], P = 0.001); maintainers reporting physical appearance as the main motive maintained 3.5% less weight loss compared to those who did not (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

The present study has highlighted motivational influences associated with weight loss outcomes. Future studies should explore the ability of people with overweight/obesity to act upon motives for long‐term weight management, as well as the impact of shifting through motives on the magnitude of maintenance.
The Anti/Corruption Continuum: Generation, Politics and Grassroots Anti‐Corruption Mobilization in Guatemala
Authors: Burrell Jennifer , El Kotni Mounia , Calmo Ramiro Fernando
Published: January 2021

This article takes anticorruption activism as a starting point for analyzing how young activists unequally experience the inequalities produced by corruption, as well as the bureaucratic and financial weight of anticorruption and audit culture. Against the backdrop of Guatemala's now‐defunct pioneering anticorruption commission, the International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG), we utilize the concept of the anti/corruption continuum to analyze the contradictory positions of young people fighting against and depending on corruption for their economic survival. Gender, age, and class dynamics and young people's economic precarity make clientelism difficult to avoid and often curtail participation in movements for change. While most discussions of the CICIG's work focus on the national level, this is a unique view on how national‐level politics reverberated locally in a Mayan community.
Returning a Research Participant's Genomic Results to Relatives: Perspectives from Managers of Two Distinct Research Biobanks
Authors: Petersen Gloria M. , Van Ness Brian
Published: January 2021

Given the nature of scientific inquiry, biomedical and genomic researchers have forged innumerable ways to advance our understanding of human disease. In many cases, research requires the involvement of human subjects, and in a subset of these studies, the researcher may collect data and biospecimens from many participants, and even serially collect additional materials over time and across a number of geographically dispersed centers. The organized data and biospecimens are collectively known as research biobanks. Researchers have an obligation to disseminate findings from their research through publications and presentations to other professionals, and when possible, to the public. Sharing genomic data is increasingly being mandated; access to data can be obtained through collaborative or state-funded entities. For example, the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGAP) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium will grant approved research applicants access to de-identified individual level genomic data with accompanying demographic/clinical information.
Funding the Costs of Disease Outbreaks Caused by Non-Vaccination
Authors: Moser Charlotte A. , Reiss Dorit , Schwartz Robert L.
Published: January 2021

Preventable diseases not only cause suffering and physical harm, they also impose financial costs on private individuals and public authorities. By disregarding evidence of the safety and effectiveness of vaccines and choosing not to vaccinate their children, some parents are increasing the risk of outbreaks and their attendant costs. In a very real sense, since those families are not currently required to cover the full costs of outbreaks, they are externalizing those costs onto others – individuals affected and society at large. Since non-vaccinating can directly lead to costly outbreaks, this paper argues that it is both fair and desirable to impose those costs upon those making the choice not to vaccinate. There are, in fact, strong policy reasons to support doing so regardless of whether we use an approach based on fault or a no-fault framework. Not only can the decision not to vaccinate be seen as culpable, aside from the culpability consideration, it is appropriate to compel those deciding not to vaccinate to internalize the costs in order to prevent free riding and to mitigate harms to others.
Biobanks, Data Sharing, and the Drive for a Global Privacy Governance Framework
Authors: Dove Edward S.
Published: January 2021

Spurred by a confluence of factors, most notably the decreasing cost of high-throughput technologies and advances in information technologies, a number of population research initiatives have emerged in recent years. These include large-scale, internationally collaborative genomic projects (Table 1) and biobanks (Table 2), the latter of which can be defined as an organized collection of human biological material and associated data stored for one or more research purposes. Biobanks are a key emerging research infrastructure, and those established as prospective research resources comprising biospecimens and data from many participants are viewed as particularly promising drivers of biomedical progress. Such biobanks, particularly those publicly funded and set up to promote the public interest, have expanded across the globe in recent years.
Regulation of Biobanks in France
Authors: Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle , Pigeon Anna
Published: January 2021

France, a country with nearly 66 million inhabitants, contributed greatly to the construction of the European Union (EU) as one of the founder states. In 1957, the treaties establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) were signed by Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands in Rome. Today, they are referred to as the “Treaties of Rome.” The French contribution to the EU has strongly influenced the political views on the development of Europe, notably pushing for a large contribution of member states to the decision making processes and to the orientation of the EU policies.
Deconstructing cissexism: The journey of becoming an affirmative family therapist for transgender and nonbinary clients
Authors: McGeorge Christi R. , Coburn Katelyn O. , Walsdorf Ashley A.
Published: January 2021

This article proposes a model for family therapists to become more competent, inclusive, and affirmative in their clinical work with transgender and nonbinary clients. In particular, this article details: (1) barriers to transgender and nonbinary affirmative therapy, (2) impacts of these barriers on transgender and nonbinary people's mental health, (3) a three‐step model for becoming an affirmative therapist for transgender and nonbinary clients, and (4) strategies for deconstructing cissexism in therapy. This goal of this article is to invite family therapists to join in on a lifelong journey of “becoming” an affirmative therapist for transgender and nonbinary clients, a journey on which none of us will ever “arrive”. We can, however, take continual action to minimize the negative impacts of cissexism on therapists and clients; this article offers ideas for a place to start.
Three‐dimensional visualization of the bovine cardiac conduction system and surrounding structures compared to the arrangements in the human heart
Authors: De Almeida Marcos C. , Mori Shumpei , Anderson Robert H.
Published: January 2021

In the human heart, the atrioventricular node is located toward the apex of the triangle of Koch, which is also at the apex of the inferior pyramidal space. It is adjacent to the atrioventricular portion of the membranous septum, through which it penetrates to become the atrioventricular bundle. Subsequent to its penetration, the conduction axis is located on the crest of the ventricular septum, sandwiched between the muscular septum and ventricular component of the membranous septum, where it gives rise to the ramifications of the left bundle branch. In contrast, the bovine conduction axis has a long non‐branching component, which penetrates into a thick muscular atrioventricular septum having skirted the main cardiac bone and the rightward half of the non‐coronary sinus of the aortic root. It commonly gives rise to both right and left bundle branches within the muscular ventricular septum. Unlike the situation in man, the left bundle branch is long and thin before it branches into its fascicles. These differences from the human heart, however, have yet to be shown in three‐dimensions relative to the surrounding structures. We have now achieved this goal by injecting contrast material into the insulating sheaths that surround the conduction network, evaluating the results by subsequent computed tomography. The fibrous atrioventricular membranous septum of the human heart is replaced in the ox by the main cardiac bone and the muscular atrioventricular septum. The apex of the inferior pyramidal space, which in the bovine, as in the human, is related to the atrioventricular node, is placed inferiorly relative to the left ventricular outflow tract. The bovine atrioventricular conduction axis, therefore, originates from a node itself located inferiorly compared to the human arrangement. The axis must then skirt the non‐coronary sinus of the aortic root prior to penetrating the thicker muscular ventricular septum, thus accounting for its long non‐branching course. We envisage that our findings will further enhance comparative anatomical research.
Factors that contribute to the impairment of quality of life in gastroparesis
Authors: Parkman Henry P. , Wilson Laura A. , Yates Katherine P. , Koch Kenneth L. , Abell Thomas L. , McCallum Richard W. , Sarosiek Irene , Kuo Braden , Malik Zubair , Schey Ron , Shulman Robert J. , Grover Madhusudan , Farrugia Gianrico , Miriel Laura , Tonascia James , Hamilton Frank , Pasricha Pankaj J. ,   For the NIDDK/NIH Clinical Gastroparesis Consortium
Published: January 2021

Background

Understanding factors that impair quality of life (QOL) in gastroparesis is important for clinical management. Aims: (a) Determine QOL in patients with gastroparesis; (b) Determine factors that impair QOL.

Methods

Gastroparetic patientsAQ6 underwent history and questionnaires assessing symptoms (PAGI‐SYM and Rome III), QOL (SF‐36v2 and PAGI‐QOL), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), and anxiety (State Trait Anxiety InventoryAQ7).

Key Results

715 gastroparesis patients (256 diabetic (DG), 459 idiopathic (IG)) were evaluated. SF‐36 physical component (PC) score averaged 33.3 ± 10.5; 41% had impaired score <30. SF‐36 PC scores were similar between diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. Impaired SF‐36 PC associated with increased nausea/vomiting and upper abdominal pain subscores, acute onset of symptoms, higher number of comorbidities, use of narcotic pain medications, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). SF‐36 mental component (MC) score averaged 38.9 ± 13.0; 26% had impaired score <30. Poor SF‐36 MC associated with diabetic etiology, higher Beck depression inventory, and state anxiety scores. PAGI‐QOL score averaged 2.6 ± 1.1; 50% had a score of <2.6. Low PAGI‐QOL associated with higher fullness, bloating, and upper abdominal pain subscores, more depression and Trait anxiety, smoking cigarettes, need for nutritional support, progressively worsening symptoms and periodic exacerbations.

Conclusions & Inferences

Multiple measures show poor QOL present in gastroparesis. Several areas impacted on reduced QOL: (a) Symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as IBS; (b) Etiology and acute onset and progressively worsening symptoms; (c) Comorbidities and psychological factors such as anxiety and depression; (d) Patient‐related factors such as smoking. Targeting the modifiable factors may improve patient outcomes in gastroparesis.
Low Use of Ocular Sun Protection among Agricultural Workers in South Africa: Need for Further Research
Authors: Linde Karlien , Wright Caradee Yael , Kapwata Thandi , du Plessis Johannes Lodewykus
Published: January 2021

Although ocular diseases related to solar ultraviolet radiation exposure have a high prevalence in Africa, little is known about the occupational use of ocular photoprotective measures on the continent. In a survey of South Africa farmworkers on a farm in the Limpopo Province, we analyzed factors related to ocular sun protection including use of different types of hats and sunglasses in relation to age, gender and duration of agricultural employment. Majority of participants (80%) never wore sunglasses while 23% never wore a hat when working. More male workers used measures to protect their eyes than female workers. The type of hat most worn was a cap although broad‐brimmed hats provide more effective photoprotection. The need for awareness campaigns that focus on the importance of using photoprotective measures in both an agricultural and South Africa contexts was identified.
Insights into the plant responses to drought and decoding the potential of root associated microbiome for inducing drought tolerance
Authors: Mathur Piyush , Roy Swarnendu
Published: January 2021

Global increase in water scarcity is a serious problem for sustaining crop productivity. The lack of water causes the degeneration of the photosynthetic apparatus, an imbalance in key metabolic pathways, an increase in free radical generation as well as weakens the root architecture of plants. Drought is one of the major stresses that directly interferes with the osmotic status of plant cells. Abscisic acid (ABA) is known to be a key player in the modulation of drought responses in plants and involvement of both ABA‐dependent and ABA‐independent pathways have been observed during drought. Concomitantly, other phytohormones such as auxins, ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins, jasmonic acid also confer drought tolerance and a crosstalk between different phytohormones and transcription factors at the molecular level exists. A number of drought‐responsive genes and transcription factors have been utilized for producing transgenic plants for improved drought tolerance. Despite relentless efforts, biotechnological advances have failed to design completely stress tolerant plants until now. The root microbiome is the hidden treasure that possesses immense potential to revolutionize the strategies for inducing drought resistance in plants. Root microbiota consist of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, endophytes and mycorrhizas that form a consortium with the roots. Rhizospheric microbes are proliferous producers of phytohormones, mainly auxins, cytokinin, and ethylene as well as enzymes like the 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) and metabolites like exopolysaccharides that help to induce systemic tolerance against drought. This review, therefore focuses on the major mechanisms of plant‐microbe interactions under drought‐stressed conditions and emphasizes the importance of drought‐tolerant microbes for sustaining and improving the productivity of crop plants under stress.
Trade and capital flows: Substitutes or complements? An empirical investigation
Authors: Belke Ansgar , Domnick Clemens
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the linkages between the trade of goods and financial assets. Do both flows behave as complements (implying a positive correlation) or as substitutes (negative correlation)? Although a classic topic in international macroeconomics, the empirical evidence has remained relatively scarce so far, in particular for the Euro area where trade and financial imbalance played a prominent role in the build‐up of the European sovereign debt crisis. Consequentially, we use a novel dataset, providing estimates for financial flows and its four main categories for 42 countries and covering the period from 2002 to 2012, to test the so‐called trade‐finance nexus. Since theoretical models stress that both flows might be influencing each other simultaneously, we introduce a novel time‐varying instrumental variable based on capital control restrictions to estimate a causal effect. The results of the gravity regressions support theories that underline the complementarity between exports and capital flows. When testing the trade‐finance nexus for different types of capital flows, the estimated coefficient is most pronounced for foreign direct investment, in line with theories stressing informational frictions. Robustness checks in the form of different estimation methods, alternative proxies for capital flows and sample splits confirm the positive relationship. Interestingly, the trade‐finance nexus does not differ among countries belonging to the EMU, the European Union or among core and peripheral Euro area countries.
What Is Theoretical Knowledge?
Authors: Klausen Søren Harnow , Petersen Esben Nedenskov
Published: January 2021

While it is common in social epistemology, philosophy of education and sociology to speak of theoretical knowledge, the concept of theoretical knowledge used in ordinary discourse has not been properly examined, and its relations to other types of knowledge remain unclear. This article argues that this ordinary language notion of theoretical knowledge has a distinct meaning different from the meanings of terms for other knowledge types, for example, knowledge‐that, and meta‐cognitive knowledge, and provides an analysis that characterizes theoretical knowledge as distinguished by its indirectness. The article then discusses the implications of this view for the practical role of theoretical knowledge and suggests that a reappraisal of its epistemic significance is due.
Correlation between SARS‐COV‐2 antibody screening by immunoassay and neutralizing antibody testing
Authors: Mendrone‐Junior Alfredo , Dinardo Carla Luana , Ferreira Suzete Cleuza , Nishya Anna , Salles Nanci Alves , de Almeida Neto Cesar , Hamasaki Debora Toshei , Facincani Tila , de Oliveira Alves Lucas Bassolli , Machado Rafael Rahal Guaragna , Araujo Danielle Bastos , Durigon Edison Luiz , Rocha Vanderson , Sabino Ester Cerdeira
Published: January 2021

Background

The efficacy of convalescent plasma (CP), an alternative for the treatment of COVID‐19, depends on high titers of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), but assays for quantifying nAbs are not widely available. Our goal was to develop a strategy to predict high titers of nAbs based on the results of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassays and the clinical characteristics of CP donors.

Study Design and Methods

A total of 214 CP donors were enrolled and tested for the presence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies (IgG) using two commercial immunoassays: EUROIMMUN (ELISA) and Abbott (Chemiluminescence). Quantification of nAbs was performed using the Cytopathic Effect‐based Virus Neutralization test. Three criteria for identifying donors with nAbs ≥ 1:160 were tested: – C1: Curve ROC; − C2: Conditional decision tree considering only the IA results and – C3: Conditional decision tree including both the IA results and the clinical variables.

Results

The performance of the immunoassays was similar referring to both S/CO and predictive value for identifying nAbs titers ≥1:160. Regarding the studied criteria for identifying CP donors with high nAbs titers: (a) C1 showed 76.1% accuracy if S/CO = 4.65, (b) C2 presented 76.1% accuracy if S/CO ≥4.57 and (c) C3 had 71.6% accuracy if S/CO was ≥4.57 or if S/CO was between 2.68‐4.57 and the last COVID‐19‐related symptoms were recent (within 19 days).

Conclusion

SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG immunoassays (S/CO) can be used to predict high anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 nAbs titers. This study has proposed different criteria for identifying donors with ≥1:160 nAbs titers, all with high efficacy.
Transfusion management for children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Karam Oliver , Nellis Marianne E.
Published: January 2021

Key Ideas

Due to the patients' underlying illness, in combination with circuit‐induced coagulopathy, as well as PLT dysfunction, children supported by ECMO are a risk of receiving large volumes of blood components.

Given the increasing use of modified blood products and newer biologics, it is unknown whether these products have equal efficacy and safety, in ECMO.

The majority of guidance for transfusion therapy is based on expert opinion alone, and research on indications for RBC, plasma, and PLT transfusions for children on ECMO should be a priority.
Filariasis and transfusion‐associated risk: a literature review
Authors: Drews Steven J. , Spencer Bryan R. , Wendel Silvano , Bloch Evan M. ,   International Society of Blood Transfusion TTID Working Party Parasite Subgroup
Published: January 2021

Background and objectives

Filariae are parasitic worms that include the pathogens Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia spp. and Mansonella spp. which are endemic in parts of Africa, Asia, Asia‐Pacific, South and Central America. Filariae have a wide clinical spectrum spanning asymptomatic infection to chronic debilitating disease including blindness and lymphedema. Despite successful eradication programmes, filarial infections remain an important –albeit neglected – source of morbidity. We sought to characterize the risk of transfusion transmission of microfilaria with a view to guide mitigation practices in both endemic and non‐endemic countries.

Materials and methods

A scoping review of scientific publications as well as grey literature was carried out by a group of domain experts in microbiology, transfusion medicine and infectious diseases, representing the parasite subgroup of the International Society of Blood Transfusion.

Results

Cases of transfusion‐transmitted filariasis are rare and confined to case reports of variable quality. Transfusion‐associated adverse events related to microfilariae are confined to isolated reports of transfusion reactions. Serious outcomes have not been reported. No known strategies have been implemented, specifically, to mitigate transfusion‐transmitted filariasis yet routine blood donor screening for other transfusion‐transmissible infections (e.g. hepatitis B, malaria) may indirectly defer donors with microfilaremia in endemic areas.

Conclusion

Rare examples of transfusion‐transmitted filariasis, without serious clinical effect, suggest that filariasis poses low transfusion risk. Dedicated mitigation strategies against filarial transfusion transmission are not recommended. Given endemicity in low‐resource regions, priority should be on the control of filariasis with public health measures.
Prevention of hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia following peripheral stem cell collection – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Skagerlind Lars , Toss Fredrik
Published: January 2021

Background and objectives

Citrate‐based anticoagulation reduces plasma potassium and free magnesium in patients undergoing peripheral stem cell collections. Whether the effects may be mitigated by pre‐procedure oral electrolyte supplements has not been previously assessed.

Materials and methods

Results from a historic cohort (2010–2013) guided a systematic prospective intervention in subjects deemed at risk for clinically meaningful hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia. From 2015 to 2019, 136 patients were enrolled in the study. Pre‐ and post‐apheresis electrolyte levels were measured, and oral potassium and magnesium supplements were systematically administered based on the pre‐ electrolyte levels.

Results

We saw a 37% absolute reduction in severe hypokalaemia and 39% absolute reduction in hypomagnesaemia in the prospective intervention cohort when compared to the historic cohort. Multivariate analyses indicated that part of the effect was due to the electrolyte intervention, while part of the effect likely stemmed from other procedure‐related changes implemented during the study period.

Conclusion

Oral potassium and magnesium prophylaxis appear to reduce hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia following peripheral stem cell collection. Whether the effect size is sufficient to motivate the intervention warrants further investigation, preferably in a prospective randomized trial setting.
“Gesto: memoria de un cuerpo en oscuridad”
Authors: Saavedra Cajamarca Lina Costanza
Published: January 2021

Gesto: memoria de un cuerpo en oscuridad es un performance art que nace de esa exploración constante entre el adentro y el afuera, entre la identidad y el N. N., entre los miedos y las liberaciones, pero siempre cavilando en la incesante pregunta sobre la existencia (yo soy), al mismo tiempo que se está experimentando el aquí y el ahora. Se trata de una muestra artística relacionada con el estudio del proceso personal emocional, afectivo y creativo-discursivo (autoinvestigación), mediante los lenguajes corpóreos escénicos, filosóficos y plásticos propios de la danza butoh. Como investigadora, parto de las constantes incomodidades que promueve lo desconocido ante nuestro cuerpo/psiquis en relación con la vida, desarrollándolos por medio de laboratorios de indagación, experimentación y experiencias de epistemología corporal y entrenamiento técnico propio de la estética butohka, para ofrendar un performance art como muestra y resultado final. Durante el proceso, al llevar a cabo un diario de campo de registro en torno al autoestudio y al presentar el performance art a los asistentes, se retroalimentan múltiples visiones del yo soy, proyectados y reflejados en los otros, se despliegan concepciones comunes de identidad y de hallazgos propios alrededor de la primera infancia. Dentro de los procesos del desarrollo humano, es importante hacer consciencia de la existencia propia mediante el cuerpo, las emociones, gestar espacios que retroalimenten la memoria colectiva e indagar esos procesos de sanación colectivos que permitan transformar las vivencias propias en torno al arte comunitario en la cultura y los territorios.
“Teatro, lo tuyo es puro teatro”: memoria visual travesti en el trópico (1984-2020)
Authors: Gonzalez Cueto Danny Armando
Published: January 2021

Este artículo tuvo como propósito la revisión y el estudio de la memoria visual de las prácticas travestis, transformistas y drag queens en el contexto de la Costa Caribe, en especial de Barranquilla, contrastándolas con su archivo personal, teniendo como fondo una cultura popular que las ha influido por medio de su mayor expresión: los carnavales. A través de una lectura orientada en diferentes sentidos y según espacios temáticos (eventos LGBTI, eventos del Carnaval de Barranquilla, activistas y escritores, artistas, etc.), constituyó un archivo visual expandido. Las evidencias demostraron la existencia de aproximadamente quince archivos personales/institucionales y una fuerte vinculación con su archivo personal. Asimismo, se describen las tensiones que fueron comunes en el tránsito de estas prácticas al enfrentar con resistencia el embate de diversas violencias y discriminación como la homofobia y la transfobia. El enfoque utilizado demuestra la emergencia de esta mirada en los tiempos que corren, ya que no se ha conformado un acervo sobre este tema en la región y las reivindicaciones desde los cuerpos a partir de estas prácticas no han sido visibilizadas ni reconocidas. Es desde la mirada del colectivo LGBTI y la suya propia que el autor valora, reinterpreta, reafirma y reconstruye su espacio de enunciación para hablar a otras y a otros. También propone la valoración de un legado artístico comprometido por más de treinta años que permanece libre y deseable frente a la exclusión social. Un archivo del deseo colectivo.
Three new species of chigger mites (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from the Galápagos Islands

Authors: Stekolnikov Alexandr A.
Published: January 2021

Three new species of chigger mites are described from two species of iguana endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Odontacarus cruzi sp. nov. and Schoengastia galapa sp. nov. are found on the marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus Bell, and Eutrombicula pachytrichia sp. nov. is found on the Santa Fe land iguana, Conolophus pallidus Heller. All these mite species were collected, identified, and named by P.H. Vercammen-Grandjean, but remained undescribed until the present.
The Process of “Becoming” a Certified High-Performance Coach: A Tailored Learning Journey for One High-Performance Athlete
Authors: Trudel Pierre , Paquette Kyle , Lewis Dan
Published: January 2021

Although high-performance (HP) coaches’ learning journeys are idiosyncratic and winding, most of these coaches share the characteristic of having rich experiences as athletes. Studies on the career transition of HP athletes to sports coaches reveal a sharp disagreement between these incoming coaches with their practice field experience and national governing bodies responsible for coach education programs about what is needed to be certified. This article presents a tailored initiative to support an HP athlete (Dan) in his process of “becoming” a certified HP coach in the Canadian context. This unique project took shape from a collaborative effort to combine elements of two opposing views on learning: off-the-job versus workplace learning. The article provides details on (a) the coaching context, (b) the main supportive others, and (c) the tools used to document the coaching topics that emerged from Dan’s coaching practice, as well as the learning material used, discussed, and created. When all the above content and materials were carefully organized and placed into folders, a unique “emerging curriculum” was formed and presented to the members of an evaluation committee who agreed that Dan met the HP coach certification criteria.
The Influence of Injury History on Countermovement Jump Performance and Movement Strategy in Professional Soccer Players: Implications for Profiling and Rehabilitation Foci
Authors: Mitchell Andy , Holding Craig , Greig Matt
Published: January 2021

Context: Professional soccer players who have sustained a lower limb injury are up to 3× more likely to suffer a reinjury, often of increased severity. Previous injury has been shown to induce compensatory strategies during neuromuscular screening tests, which might mask deficits and lead to misinterpretation of readiness to play based on task outcome measures. Objective: To investigate the influence of previous injury in professional soccer players on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and movement strategy. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Professional soccer club competing in the English Championship (tier 2). Patients (or Other Participants): Outfield players with a minimum of 6 years as a professional. Intervention(s): Players were categorized as previously injured (n = 10) or not injured (n = 10). All players completed double- and single-leg CMJ trials. Main Outcome Measures: CMJ performance was quantified as jump height and flight time:contraction time ratio. CMJ movement strategy was quantified as force–time history, differentiating eccentric and concentric phases and CMJ depth. Results: Double-leg CMJ was not sensitive to previous injury in performance or movement strategy. In contrast, single-leg CMJ performance was impaired in players with previous injury, who generated significantly lower eccentric and concentric peak force and rate of force development, and a deeper countermovement. Impaired single-leg CMJ performance was also evident in the nonaffected limb of previously injured players, suggesting cross-contamination. Hierarchical ordering revealed that the eccentric phase of the CMJ contributed little to performance in previously injured players. In noninjured players, the eccentric rate of force development and concentric peak force were able to account for up to 89% of the variation in CMJ performance. Conclusions: Single-leg CMJ is advocated for player profiling, being more sensitive to previous injury, and negating the opportunity for interlimb compensation strategies. Movement strategy deficits in previously injured players suggest rehabilitation foci specific to eccentric force development.
Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid Resistance in the Genus
Bifidobacterium
Authors: Mancabelli Leonardo , Mancino Walter , Lugli Gabriele Andrea , Argentini Chiara , Longhi Giulia , Milani Christian , Viappiani Alice , Anzalone Rosaria , Bernasconi Sergio , van Sinderen Douwe , Ventura Marco , Turroni Francesca
Published: January 2021

Based on our results, we observed a drastic reduction in gut microbiota diversity of children treated with antibiotics, which also affecting the abundance of
Bifidobacterium
, a bacterial genus commonly found in the infant gut. MIC experiments revealed that more than 98% of bifidobacterial strains tested were shown to be inhibited by the AMC antibiotic.
Evolutionary Trajectory of the Replication Mode of Bacterial Replicons
Authors: Xie Bin-Bin , Rong Jin-Cheng , Tang Bai-Lu , Wang Sishuo , Liu Guiming , Qin Qi-Long , Zhang Xi-Ying , Zhang Weipeng , She Qunxin , Chen Yin , Li Fuchuan , Li Shengying , Chen Xiu-Lan , Luo Haiwei , Zhang Yu-Zhong
Published: January 2021

Chromosome replication is an essential process for cell division. The mode of chromosome replication has important impacts on the structure of the chromosome and replication speed.
Genomic Drivers of Multidrug-Resistant
Shigella
Affecting Vulnerable Patient Populations in the United States and Abroad
Authors: Worley Jay Noboru , Javkar Kiran , Hoffmann Maria , Hysell Kristen , Garcia-Williams Amanda , Tagg Kaitlin , Kanjilal Sanjat , Strain Errol , Pop Mihai , Allard Marc , Francois Watkins Louise , Bry Lynn
Published: January 2021

Multidrug-resistant
Shigella
isolates with resistance to macrolides are an emerging public health threat. We define a plasmid/pathogen complex behind infections seen in the United States and globally in vulnerable patient populations and identify multiple outbreaks in the United States and evidence of intercontinental transmission.
Consumption of Dietary Fiber from Different Sources during Pregnancy Alters Sow Gut Microbiota and Improves Performance and Reduces Inflammation in Sows and Piglets
Authors: Liu Boshuai , Zhu Xiaoyan , Cui Yalei , Wang Wenjing , Liu Hua , Li Zidan , Guo Zhiguo , Ma Sen , Li Defeng , Wang Chengzhang , Shi Yinghua
Published: January 2021

Although the direct effects of dietary fiber on gut microbiota composition have been studied extensively, systematic evaluation of different fiber sources on gut health and inflammatory responses of sows and their offspring has rarely been conducted. Excessive reactive oxygen species produced by overactive metabolic processes during late pregnancy and lactation of sows leads to increased endotoxin levels, disordered gut microbiota, decreased SCFA production, and secretion of proinflammatory factors, which in turn causes local inflammation of the gut, potential damage of the gut microbial barrier, increased gut permeability, increased blood endotoxin levels (resulting in systemic inflammation), and ultimately decreased sow and piglet performance.
Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Chopra Neha , Halkur Shankar Sujay , Biswas Sagnik , Ray Animesh
Published: January 2021

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may present in the form of parenchymal disease or extraparenchymal disease. Patients with TB as a primary cause of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation have been reported to have mortality rates ranging between 47% and 80%. However, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a presentation of TB is rarely reported. We describe two cases of immunocompetent women presenting with ARDS. They were initially worked up for viral aetiologies in view of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but were later diagnosed to have microbiologically proven parenchymal pulmonary TB. One of our patients succumbed to nosocomial pneumonia, while the other was discharged to follow-up.
When patients’ priorities conflict with those of their medical team; a challenging case of a bleeding patient and his dying pet
Authors: Shenouda John , Clayton Matthew
Published: January 2021

We present an unusual case of an acutely unwell patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed whose resuscitation efforts were delayed by the discovery of his, similarly, acutely unwell pet on the medical high dependency unit. We highlight the challenges this provided the clinical team and focus on the issues relating to patient safety, consent and multidisciplinary action which may be more relevant to daily clinical practice.
Reverse oblique proximal femoral fracture in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: challenges and recommendations
Authors: Giannoudis Vasileios P , Panteli Michalis , Aderinto Joseph , Giannoudis Peter V
Published: January 2021

A 35-year-old woman attended the emergency department after sustaining a reverse oblique proximal femur fracture, which was amenable to intramedullary nailing. Her presentation was complicated by a background of severe generalised recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, with extensive blistering of most of her skin, including the area over the standard surgical incision sites. For the successful management of this case, extensive input from the multidisciplinary team was required, with the team facing several challenges. The whole approach to nursing and surgical management (anaesthesia, positioning, fracture reduction and wound care) had to be modified, taking great care to protect the skin at any cost, therefore reducing the risk of a surgical site infection which would be catastrophic. The management of this patient can set a framework that can be followed in similar cases, aiming for a favourable outcome of such challenging, rare conditions.
Plasma cell leukaemia with t(11;14) not responsive to venetoclax
Authors: Abu Zaanona Mohammed Isaac , Patel Priyank
Published: January 2021

A 70-year-old man with medical history of IgG kappa multiple myeloma, initially diagnosed in 2017, underwent induction therapy with carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nine months following transplant, disease relapsed in the form of plasma cell leukaemia. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation of malignant plasma cells revealed t(11;14). A combination therapy including venetoclax was used based on efficacy data for Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax from available early-phase clinical trials in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma with t(11;14) and other published case studies. Unfortunately, the disease was primary refractory, and after further ineffective therapies, the patient did not have a successful outcome.
Rhytidectomy approach for treatment of zygomatic arch fractures
Authors: Rao Santhosh , Pandey Sameer , Rao Sruthi
Published: January 2021

Comminuted zygomatic arch fractures are a challenge to manage without complete exposure owing to their instability. The presence of facial nerve branches near the bone often means that these fractures are often treated by closed methods or left untreated. The disadvantages of such comminuted fracture left untreated cannot be overemphasised. Hence, there is a need of a surgical approach for exposure and fixation of such fractures without limitation of facial nerve injury. We propose and report a case of malunited comminuted fracture of zygomatic arch using facelift approach.
Myopia progression from wearing first glasses to adult age: the DREAM Study
Authors: Polling Jan Roelof , Klaver Caroline , Tideman Jan Willem
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Data on myopia progression during its entire course are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate myopia progression in Europeans as a function of age and degree of myopia from first prescription to final refractive error.

Methods

The Drentse Refractive Error and Myopia Study assessed data from a branch of opticians in the Netherlands from 1985 onwards in a retrospective study. First pair of glasses prescribed was defined as a spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) ≤−0.5 D to ≥−3.0 D. Subjects with prescriptions at an interval of at least 1 year were included in the analysis.

Results

A total of 2555 persons (57.3% female) met the inclusion criteria. Those with first prescription before the age of 10 years showed the strongest progression (−0.50 D; IQR: −0.75 to −0.19) and a significantly (p<0.001) more negative median final SER (−4.48 D; IQR: −5.37 to −3.42). All children who developed SER ≤−3 D at 10 years were highly myopic (SER ≤−6D) as adults, children who had SER between −1.5 D and −3 D at 10 years had 46.0% risk of high myopia, and children with SER between −0.5 D and −1.5 D had 32.6% risk of high myopia. Myopia progression diminished with age; all refractive categories stabilised after age 15 years except for SER ≤−5 D who progressed up to −0.25 D annually until age 21 years.

Conclusion

Our trajectories of the natural course of myopia progression may serve as a guide for myopia management in European children. SER at 10 years is an important prognostic indicator and will help determine treatment intensity.
Sickness absence, disability pension and economic situation after a spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage among people of working age: a Swedish longitudinal nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Alexanderson Kristina , Friberg Emilie
Published: January 2021

Objectives

The aim was to describe the course of sickness absence (SA), disability pension (DP) and work-related economic situation defined as earnings (EA) and disposable income (DI), after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Associations of SA, DP, EA and DI with demographic factors were also studied.

Design

A longitudinal cohort study of all 1932 people in Sweden who in January 2005 to December 2010 had a first time SAH when aged 17 to 64 years and survived during the 3-year follow-up. Microdata from four nationwide administrative registers were used.

Main outcome measures

Primary outcome was the presence of SA and DP and how this changed during the study period of 5 years (the year before, the year of SAH and the following 3 years). The secondary outcome was the development of the income variables EA and DI. Demographic factors analysed were sex, age, source of bleeding, country of birth, family situation, educational level and type of living area.

Results

The year before the SAH, 7.9% of women and 4.6% of men had some SA registered (p<0.004). A model consisting of female sex, higher education and living single predicted having SA that year. At the end of the follow-up, 39.2% of women and 28.3% of men had SA and/or DP (p<0.0001). A model consisting of female sex, living in a village/ rural area and having a defined bleeding source for the SAH was predicting having SA and/or DP at end of follow-up. The levels of EA decreased, while DI increased during follow-up and were at the end of follow-up associated with age, sex, type of living area, country of birth, educational level and family situation. The women’s EA was lower than the men’s during all years.

Conclusions

SAH influenced future SA, DP, as well as EA. Both SA, DP and the economic variables studied were predicted by models including sex.
Message framing to inform cancer prevention pricing interventions in the UK and USA: a factorial experiment, 2019
Authors: Lee Joseph G L , Cristello Julie V , Buckton Christina H , Carey Rachel N , Trucco Elisa M , Schenk Paulina M , Ikegwuonu Theresa , Hilton Shona , Golden Shelley D , Conway David I
Published: January 2021

Objectives

To advance understanding of how message framing can be used to maximise public support across different pricing policies for alcohol, tobacco and sugary drinks/foods that prevent consumption of cancer-causing products.

Design

We designed a 3×4×3 randomised factorial experiment to test responses to messages with three pricing policies, four message frames and three products.

Setting

Online survey panel (Qualtrics) in 2019.

Participants

Adults (N=1850) from the UK and USA.

Interventions

Participants randomly viewed one of 36 separate messages that varied by pricing policy (increasing taxes, getting rid of price discounts, getting rid of low-cost products), four frames and product (alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks/foods).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We assessed the relationship between the message characteristics and four dependent variables. Three were related to policy support: (1) increasing taxes on the product mentioned in the message, (2) getting rid of price discounts and special offers on the product mentioned in the message and (3) getting rid of low-cost versions of the product mentioned in the message. One was related to reactance, a psychological response to having one’s freedom limited.

Results

We found no effect for pricing policy in the message. Frames regarding children and reducing cancer risk moderated some outcomes, showing promise for real-world use. We found differences in support by product and reactance with greatest support and least reactance for tobacco policies, less support and more reactance for alcohol policies, and the least support and most reactance for sugary drinks/foods policies.

Conclusions

Cancer prevention efforts using policy interventions can be informed by the message framing literature. Our results offer insights for cancer prevention advocacy efforts across the UK and USA and highlight that tax versus non-tax approaches to increasing the cost of cancer-causing products result in similar responses from consumers.