bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Democracia radical e acesso à justiça: repensando o espaço do político na jurisdição constitucional
Authors: Paiva Ana Paula de O. Mazoni Vanzela , Fachin Melina Girardi
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo deteve-se sobre a análise da cidadania radical, inspirada na vertente filosófica propugnada por Chantal Mouffe, como vetor de influência e transformação da inefetividade do acesso à justiça no ínterim da jurisdição constitucional. A partir de uma “revolução democrática” e pautando-se pelas noções de agonismo democrático, que encontra na figura do outro um adversário cuja existência é legítima e deve ser respeitada, manifesta-se a acepção utópica da democracia, em prol da negação de um espaço público unificado. Para tanto, a partir da necessidade de multiplicação dos espaços de participação e inclusão, e considerando o protagonismo da atuação judicial que deve empreender esforços para a consecução de direitos e garantias fundamentais, tem-se na jurisdição constitucional arena de luta pacífica de acesso em prol da reserva de justiça propugnada pelo Constituinte.
Planos econômicos brasileiros
Authors: Teodoro Fabiana Cristina
Published: May 2016

Resenha de: TEODORO, Fabiana Cristina. Resenha: BRITO, Paulo. Economia brasileira: planos econômicos e políticas econômicas básicas. 2.ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2009. Cap 1., p. 13-31
O crime de lavagem de dinheiro no âmbito da convenção sobre o combate a corrupção de funcionário públicos estrangeiros em transações comerciais internacionais da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE)
Authors: Notari Notari Bonini , Leal Rogério Gesta
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o fenômeno da corrupção e o crime de lavagem de dinheiro e a forma como vem sendo abordada essa temática no âmbito da Convenção sobre o Combate da Corrupção de Funcionários Públicos Estrangeiros em Transações Comerciais Internacionais da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) e à formulação de políticas públicas para o Combate a Corrupção e a Lavagem de Dinheiro, por parte do Estado Brasileiro. A Lavagem de Dinheiro é uma das espécies de práticas corruptivas, de tal modo que esse tipo de ilícito compromete a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais, dos direitos sociais, do direito penal econômico, o Estado Democrático de Direito afetando, de forma direta, as políticas públicas tributárias em razão do cometimento de ilegalidades e delitos ligados às questões de ordem econômica, tais como, o suborno, fraudes, sonegação fiscal, propina, lavagem de dinheiro, tráfico de drogas, armas, ligados de maneira indireta, ao crime organizado. Considerando que o artigo é de natureza bibliográfica, será utilizado quanto ao método de abordagem a ser adotado no seu desenvolvimento o dedutivo, tendo pressuposto argumentos gerais (premissa maior) para argumentos particulares (premissa menor); enquanto o procedimento será analítico. Palavras chaves: Políticas Públicas Tributárias, Lavagem de Dinheiro, Corrupção de Funcionários Públicos Estrangeiros, ordem econômica, ilegalidades. MONEY LAUNDERING CRIME UNDER THE CONVENTION ON THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION OF FOREIGN public employee in the business operations of the International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of corruption and money laundering and how it is addressing this issue under the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Economic Development (OECD) and the formulation of public policies for the Fight against Corruption and Money Laundering, by the Brazilian government. Money laundering is a kind of corrupt practices, so this type of crime committed with the observance of fundamental rights, social rights, economic criminal law, the democratic rule of law affecting directly the tax public policy because the commission of unlawful acts and crimes related to financial issues such as bribery, fraud, tax evasion, bribery, money laundering, drug trafficking, arms linked indirectly to the crime organizado.Considerando that the article is a bibliographic character , will be used as a method of approach is adopted in its deductive development, with arguments general assumption (major premise) for particular arguments (minor premise); while the procedure is analytic.
Análise crítica da aplicação do termo de compromisso como instrumento regulatório do mercado de capitais
Authors: Chaves Vinicius Figueiredo , Soares Abel Rafael
Published: May 2016

Apoiado em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de levantamento de dados, realiza-se uma abordagem sobre a disciplina jurídica do mercado de capitais, tendo como base a análise crítica do instrumento regulatório conhecido como termo de compromisso (acordo susbtitutivo). Percebeu-se que, em conformidade com o art. 11, § 5º, da Lei nº 6.385/76, as normas regulatórias editadas pela CVM, que regem o processo administrativo sancionador nos ritos ordinário e sumário, prescrevem que, quando da intimação dos acusados, advirá a advertência de que estes poderão propor a celebração de termo de compromisso. Aceita a proposta e cumprido o acordo, este não importará confissão quanto à matéria de fato, nem reconhecimento de ilicitude da conduta analisada. Do exame dos PAS instaurados entre 2009 e 2014, chegou-se ao número total de 405 termos aprovados pelo órgão regulador, resultados que caracterizam uma acentuada utilização deste instrumento regulatório. Do que foi analisado, conclui-se que, embora o acordo possa ser compreendido como um importante mecanismo no âmbito da regulação do mercado de capitais, o seu uso demasiado implica em desvirtuamento de suas finalidades, dos fundamentos da disciplina normativa do mercado e do conjunto de funções atribuídas à CVM.
Minha casa, minha vida: extensão do direito à moradia e proteção constitucional
Authors: Luca Guilherme Domingos de , Leão Júnior Teófilo Marcelo de Arêa
Published: May 2016

O trabalho em questão busca analisar o Direito à moradia sob a ótica do Programa “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”. Demonstrará as ações do Estado visando a Regularização Fundiária, em face do interesse social no combate ao déficit imobiliário, além de analisar as hipóteses de perda do imóvel. O objetivo geral do estudo é compreender se há efetividade no direito à moradia a partir da vinculação ao Programa “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”, instituído pelo advento da Lei n° 11.977/09. De forma específica, o objetivo será entender o direito do indivíduo em adquirir novo imóvel, mesmo que em determinado momento teve de dispor de outro imóvel adquirido pelo Programa em questão. Trata-se de uma pesquisa pautada no método de investigação dedutivo, cujos procedimentos técnicos adotados foram livros, doutrinas, leis e jurisprudência. Com efeito, parte-se de um estudo bibliográfico e jurídico, para a posterior abordagem do atual contexto legislativo brasileiro mediante a adoção de um ponto de partida constitucional.
Against Salpingostomy as a Treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Hager Samuel E. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: May 2016

Ectopic pregnancy, when not resolved naturally, can be fatal to the mother if left untreated. A number of medical solutions exist, though none that save the life of the embryo. This article assesses the ethical value of one of these solutions, the salpingostomy, by examining the moral object of the salpingostomy and whether the procedure constitutes a direct abortion. The author responds with William E. May and Maria DeGoede to salpingostomy proponents Albert Moraczewski, Christopher Kaczor, John Tuohey, and others. Because of the lack of moral certitude that the trophoblast is neither a vital organ of the fetus nor a member of the fetus’s body, the author concludes that the salpingostomy may not be considered a licit procedure in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy, and challenges readers to admit that medical science lacks a direct, active solution to ectopic pregnancy.
Long-Acting Contraceptives for Adolescents
Authors: Fitzgerald John E. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: May 2016

In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics published its policy statement on contraception for adolescents, which provides, in effect, a mandate to temporarily sterilize all adolescents with long-acting reversible contraceptives for five to ten years. The author reviews the AAP guidelines and their effects on Catholic adolescents, their families, and adolescent health care providers. He then discusses medicolegal issues raised by the policy, outlines Catholic strategies for combating it, and proposes a diocese-based physician-led program for teaching and counseling elementary and high school students.
Electric field effect of relaxor ferroelectric (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 crystals near morphotropic phase boundary composition probed by Brillouin scattering
Authors: Aftabuzzaman Md , Kojima Seiji
Published: May 2016

The relaxor ferroelectric (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (x = 0.30, PMN–30PT) single crystal was studied under the zero field and the externally applied dc electric field by using micro-Brillouin scattering and dielectric spectroscopies over a wide temperature range of 303–773 K. The noticeable thermal hysteresis of longitudinal acoustic (LA) shift (νB) was observed between zero field heating and zero field cooling processes. Under the electric field of 0.5 kV/cm along the [001] axis, the LA mode splitting was observed in νB due to the coexistence of ferroelectric macrodomain and nanodomain states caused by the random field, and in dielectric measurements the monoclinic (M) and tetragonal phases were appeared between rhombohedral and cubic phases. The LA mode splitting and M phase disappeared under the field of 1.0 kV/cm. The electric field dependence of LA velocity was studied at 304 K. The critical end point of the PMN–30PT single crystal was investigated.
Dissipative and Autonomous Square‐Wave Self‐Oscillation of a Macroscopic Hybrid Self‐Assembly under Continuous Light Irradiation
Authors: Ikegami Tomonori , Kageyama Yoshiyuki , Obara Kazuma , Takeda Sadamu
Published: May 2016

Building a bottom‐up supramolecular system to perform continuously autonomous motions will pave the way for the next generation of biomimetic mechanical systems. In biological systems, hierarchical molecular synchronization underlies the generation of spatio‐temporal patterns with dissipative structures. However, it remains difficult to build such self‐organized working objects via artificial techniques. Herein, we show the first example of a square‐wave limit‐cycle self‐oscillatory motion of a noncovalent assembly of oleic acid and an azobenzene derivative. The assembly steadily flips under continuous blue‐light irradiation. Mechanical self‐oscillation is established by successively alternating photoisomerization processes and multi‐stable phase transitions. These results offer a fundamental strategy for creating a supramolecular motor that works progressively under the operation of molecule‐based machines.
Iron Alkynyl Helicenes: Redox‐Triggered Chiroptical Tuning in the IR and Near‐IR Spectral Regions and Suitable for Telecommunications Applications
Authors: Shen Chengshuo , Loas Goulc'hen , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Toupet Loïc , Cador Olivier , Paul Frédéric , López Navarrete Juan T. , Ramírez Francisco J. , Nieto‐Ortega Belén , Casado Juan , Autschbach Jochen , Vallet Marc , Crassous Jeanne
Published: May 2016

The combination of a bis‐alkynyl‐helicene moiety with two iron centers leads to novel electroactive species displaying unprecedented redox‐triggered chiroptical switching. Upon oxidation, strong changes of vibrational modes (either local or extended coupled modes) are detected by vibrational circular dichroism and Raman optical activity. Remarkably, the sign of the optical rotation at 1.54 µm (that is, at wavelengths typically used for telecommunications) changes upon oxidation while the topology and stereochemistry of the helicene remain unchanged.
CLIP‐COSY: A Clean In‐Phase Experiment for the Rapid Acquisition of COSY‐type Correlations
Authors: Koos Martin R. M. , Kummerlöwe Grit , Kaltschnee Lukas , Thiele Christina M. , Luy Burkhard
Published: May 2016

The COSY experiment is an essential homonuclear 2D NMR experiment for the assignment of resonances. Its multiplet line shape, however, is often overly complicated, potentially leads to signal intensity losses, and is responsible for long minimum overall acquisition times. Herein, we present CLIP‐COSY, a COSY‐type experiment yielding clean in‐phase peaks. It can be recorded within a few minutes and benefits from enhanced signal intensities for most cross‐peaks. In combination with non‐uniform sampling, the experiment times can be further reduced, and the in‐phase multiplets enable the application of modern homonuclear decoupling techniques in both dimensions. As antiphase cancelations are avoided, CLIP‐COSY can also be applied to macromolecules and other samples with broadened lines.
Nitrogen‐Rich Manganese Oxynitrides with Enhanced Catalytic Activity in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Miura Akira , Rosero‐Navarro Carolina , Masubuchi Yuji , Higuchi Mikio , Kikkawa Shinichi , Tadanaga Kiyoharu
Published: May 2016

The catalytic activity of manganese oxynitrides in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated in alkaline solutions to clarify the effect of the incorporated nitrogen atoms on the ORR activity. These oxynitrides, with rock‐salt‐like structures with different nitrogen contents, were synthesized by reacting MnO, Mn2O3, or MnO2 with molten NaNH2 at 240–280 °C. The anion contents and the Mn valence states were determined by combustion analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis. An increase in the nitrogen content of rock‐salt‐based manganese oxynitrides increases the valence of the manganese ions and reinforces the catalytic activity for the ORR in 1 m KOH solution. Nearly single‐electron occupancy of the antibonding eg states and highly covalent Mn−N bonding thus enhance the ORR activity of nitrogen‐rich manganese oxynitrides.
Antibacterial silver treatments on polymeric membranes for fouling control and disinfection in water filtration
Authors: Panico Angelica , Paladini Federica , Sannino Alessandro , Pollini Mauro
Published: May 2016

Over the past several decades, a lot of emerging contaminants have been detected in water and wastewater effluents. Their release should be minimized since their presence in the environment can result in toxic effects for water and human life. Many different technologies have been used to remove contaminants from drinking water; among them, filtration is one of the most commonly used methods. This study investigated the antibacterial capability of silver water filters and their potential application in the reduction of bacterial fouling and proliferation in water treatment. Poly(ether sulfone) membranes commonly used in water filtration were coated with silver nanoparticles synthesized via the in situ photoreduction method. The morphology of the coating and the distribution of silver clusters were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The amount of silver on the surface was quantified by thermogravimetric analysis, and the silver released from the substrate was analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The antibacterial capability of the silver‐treated filters was demonstrated through microbiological tests defined for the specific application on Escherichia coli, as the representative coliform bacterium and pathogenic microorganism commonly associated with contaminated drinking water. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43848.
Ultrasonic Absorption Measurements of Propionic Acid Derivatives of NSAID and β‐Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bae Jong‐Rim
Published: May 2016

Ultrasonic absorption measurements in the frequency range from 0.2 to 8.2 MHz with emphasis on the low‐frequency range below 1 MHz were carried out for β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) solutions with ibuprofen and naproxen at 25°C. A single relaxational absorption was observed and the cause of the relaxation was attributed to a perturbation of a chemical equilibrium associated with a complexation reaction between β‐CD and ibuprofen or naproxen. We determined reliable rate and equilibrium constants and standard volume changes of the reaction.
A QSAR Model for Predicting the Anti HIV‐1 Activity of TIBO Derivatives Using the Norm Indexes
Authors: Li Lei , Yan Fangyou , Xu Xiangying , Jia Qingzhu , Wang Qiang , Ma Peisheng
Published: May 2016

As non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, tetrahydroimidazo [4,5,1‐jk][1, 4] benzodiazepinone (TIBO) derivatives play an important role in treating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The activities (The 50% antiviral inhibitory concentration, pIC
50) of a series of HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor TIBO derivatives were modeled by the quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) method. Based on the norm indexes proposed by our group, a multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed to estimate the pIC
50 of anti HIV‐1 activity of TIBO derivatives. The squared correlation coefficients for training set (R
2
train) and test set (R
2
test) are 0.911 and 0.913, respectively. The average absolute relative deviation (ARD) and overall average absolute error (AAE) are 5.78% and 0.330, respectively. Comparison results with other references demonstrated that this norm‐based model was efficient and could provide satisfying prediction results.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple High Energy Conformer Trapping Technique. Axial Phenylcyclohexane, NMR Spectra, and Thermodynamics.
Authors: SQUILLACOTE M. E. , NETH J. M.
Published: May 2016

The axial conformer (II), trapped by a new high‐temp.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistics Studies on the Cobalt(II) Schiff Base Catalyzed Oxidation of Olefins by O2.
Authors: HAMILTON D. E. , DRAGO R. S. , ZOMBECK A.
Published: May 2016

The Co complex (I) catalyzes the oxidation of terminal and internal olefins such as (II) or (VI) and (IX) by oxygen to give predominantly the ketones (III), the sec. alcohols (IV) or the products (IIIa), (IVa), (VII), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Pentavalent Organobismuth Reagents. Part 8. Phenylation and Oxidation of Alcohols by Tetraphenylbismuth Esters.
Authors: BARTON D. H. R. , FINET J.‐P. , MOTHERWELL W. B. , PICHON C.
Published: May 2016

Prim. alcohols such as (IV) are O‐phenylated (→ (V)) by treatment with the Bi derivative (Ia) under neutral or slightly acidic conditions in reasonable yields whereas sec. alcohols mostly give only moderate yields of the respective ethers (e.g.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrolysis of Unsymmetrical Acetamidines: Leaving Abilities and Stereoelectronic Effects.
Authors: PERRIN C. L. , NUNEZ O.
Published: May 2016

Unsymmetrical acetamidines (I) hydrolyze in alkaline D2O to a mixture of two acetamides and two amines (II)‐(V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Phase‐Transfer Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Carbonyl‐Stabilized Sulfur Ylides to Vinylic Sulfones.
Authors: REDDY D. B. , REDDY P. S. , REDDY B. V. , REDDY P. A.
Published: May 2016

The arylcyclopropylsulfones (III) are prepared from the vinylic sulfones (I) by coupling with sulfur ylides derived from the phenacylsulfonium bromides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of PH3 Pyrolysis on the Morphology and Growth Rate of InP Grown by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy
Authors: KARLICEK R. F. JUN. , MITCHAM D. , GINOCCHIO J. C. , HAMMARLUND B.
Published: May 2016

has been studied using in situ optical absorption spectroscopy to measure the extent of PH3 pyrolysis in the reactor growth region.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Rearrangement of 2‐Substituted 4‐Alkylidene‐2,3‐epoxy‐1‐ tetralone to 3‐(2‐Oxoalkylidene)‐1‐indanone.
Authors: MARUYAMA K. , OSUKA A. , NAKAGAWA K. , TABUCHI K. , SHIMIZU H. , SUZUKI H.
Published: May 2016

Irradiation of the 2,3‐epoxy‐4‐methylene tetralones (I) results in a rearrangement reaction, producing the indanones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Polynuclear Metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 53. Alkylidyne(carbaborane)dimetal Complexes with Tungsten‐Molybdenum and ‐Tungsten Bonds; Crystal Structures of the Compounds (MW(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)(CO)3(η5‐C9H7)(η5‐C2B9H9Me2)) (M: Mo (Two Isomers) or W).
Authors: GREEN M. , HOWARD J. A. K. , JAMES A. P. , DE M. JELFS A. N. , NUNN C. M. , STONE F. G. A.
Published: May 2016

The salts (I) and the cationic η5‐indenyl complexes (II) react to give the dimetal compounds (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: The New Superconductor tP‐SrPd2Bi2: Structural Polymorphism and Superconductivity in Intermetallics.
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Seibel Elizabeth M. , Cava Robert J.
Published: May 2016

Electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements, and electronic structure calculations reveal that tetragonal SrPd2Bi2 is superconducting at 2.0 K, whereas monoclinic SrPd2Bi2 is not.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Functionalized Boron Nitride as Electrode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Zhang Fan , Nemeth Karoly , Bareno Javier , Dogan Fulya , Bloom Ira D. , Shaw Leon L.
Published: May 2016

Functionalized h‐BN (FBN) is obtained by reacting h‐BN with molten LiOH in a 1:1 molar ratio (stainless steel autoclave with Cu gasket, 500 °C, 8 h) followed by an intense ball milling of the product phase.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed C—S and C—N Functionalization of Arenes: Combination of C—H Activation and Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry.
Authors: Wang Fen , Yu Xinzhang , Qi Zisong , Li Xingwei
Published: May 2016

Sulfonylation, thioetherification, thiocyanation, and other heterofunctionalization reactions of arenes bearing a pyridyl‐directing group are achieved via initial Rh(II)‐catalyzed C—H hyperiodination of the arenes followed by uncatalyzed nucleophilic functionalization.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of Aryl Boron Reagents with sp3‐Carbon Nucleophiles: The Enolate Chan—Evans—Lam Reaction.
Authors: Moon Patrick J. , Halperin Heather M. , Lundgren Rylan J.
Published: May 2016

In this new oxidative method for the arylation of activated methylene species Cu(O‐Tf)2 mediates the selective coupling of functionalized aryl boron species with stabilized sp3‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Schwartz′s Reagent‐Mediated Regiospecific Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles from Isatins.
Authors: Ulikowski A. , Furman B.
Published: May 2016

Isatin reacts with alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents to form 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxyoxindoles which are subsequently transformed with various nucleophiles, including allylstannane, thiophenol, indole, acetophenone enol trimethylsilylether and dimethyl malonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heteroannulated Chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridines: DBU Catalyzed Reactions of 2‐Amino‐6‐methylchromone‐3‐carboxaldehyde with Some Heterocyclic Enols and Enamines.
Authors: Ibrahim Magdy A. , El‐Gohary Nasser M. , Said Sara
Published: May 2016

Six new title pyridines are prepared by cyclocondensation of chromonealdehyde (I) with a variety of heterocyclic enols and enamines.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to 1‐Substituted β‐Carbolines and Isoquinolines Utilizing Tributyl[(Z)‐2‐ethoxyvinyl]stannane as a C‐3,C‐4 Building Block.
Authors: Kamlah Alexandra , Lirk Florian , Bracher Franz
Published: May 2016

The title approach starts from the Weinreb amides of readily available indole‐2‐carboxylic acids or 2‐bromobenzoic acid, followed by acylation, bromination, Stille coupling, and ring closure steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Iminophosphorane Catalyzed Enantioselective Ketimine Phospha‐Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Robertson Gerard P. , Farley Alistair J. M. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: May 2016

Ten bifunctional iminophosphorane superbase organocatalysts are synthesized and compared in title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by Persulfate
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Jung Jieun , Yamada Yusuke , Kojima Takahiko , Nam Wonwoo
Published: May 2016

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Benzo[b]furans: A Full Perspective
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Dehghani Mahzad
Published: May 2016

Review: 305 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis with Two‐dimensional Materials and Their Heterostructures
Authors: Deng Dehui , Novoselov K. S. , Fu Qiang , Zheng Nanfeng , Tian Zhongqun , Bao Xinhe
Published: May 2016

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiophene Substitution Chemistry
Authors: Ryabova Victoria , Ignatovich Luba
Published: May 2016

Review: 210 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalent Chemistry Beyond Molecules
Authors: Jiang Juncong , Zhao Yingbo , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: May 2016

Review: 144 refs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with Collagens of Variable Lengths
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Ding Shenglong , Qian Yong , Yuan Miaomiao , Lu Jun , Liu Zaiman , Xiao Jianxi
Published: May 2016

Collagen, the most abundant protein in human body, has been widely used as an excellent natural material for diverse biomedical applications due to its superior properties such as ample biological interaction sites, minimal immunogenicity and high biocompatibility. Collagens of different lengths are produced by recombinant technology and utilized to functionalize fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FNPs). The collagen‐functionalized FNPs display mono‐disperse distribution, but their sizes are dependent on the length of collagen. These modified FNPs all show nice fluorescence profile as well as low cytotoxicity, suggesting promising applications in bioimaging. We have demonstrated that various types of collagen, conveniently produced by recombinant technology, can be used to modify silica nanoparticles with nice characteristics such as mono‐dispersion, non‐interference in fluorescence and low toxicity. It may endow fluorescent silica nanoparticles with broad biological applications.
Performance and portability of accelerated lattice Boltzmann applications with OpenACC
Authors: Calore Enrico , Gabbana Alessandro , Kraus Jiri , Schifano Sebastiano Fabio , Tripiccione Raffaele
Published: May 2016

An increasingly large number of HPC systems rely on heterogeneous architectures combining traditional multi‐core CPUs with power efficient accelerators. Designing efficient applications for these systems have been troublesome in the past as accelerators could usually be programmed using specific programming languages threatening maintainability, portability, and correctness. Several new programming environments try to tackle this problem. Among them, OpenACC offers a high‐level approach based on compiler directives to mark regions of existing C, C++, or Fortran codes to run on accelerators. This approach directly addresses code portability, leaving to compilers the support of each different accelerator, but one has to carefully assess the relative costs of portable approaches versus computing efficiency. In this paper, we address precisely this issue, using as a test‐bench a massively parallel lattice Boltzmann algorithm. We first describe our multi‐node implementation and optimization of the algorithm, using OpenACC and MPI. We then benchmark the code on a variety of processors, including traditional CPUs and GPUs, and make accurate performance comparisons with other GPU implementations of the same algorithm using CUDA and OpenCL. We also asses the performance impact associated with portable programming, and the actual portability and performance‐portability of OpenACC‐based applications across several state‐of‐the‐art architectures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sag correction and power transfer of double feeder circuit using unified power quality conditioner
Authors: Pai Fu‐Sheng , Tseng Pao‐Shing
Published: May 2016

Alternative energy power generation has emerged as a crucial research topic in studies on modern energy systems. Because of the inherently intermittent generating feature of distributed generation systems, system operations associated with the integration of distributed generation into existing power networks may suffer from voltage variations and power delivery problems. Therefore, this paper proposes a new unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) scheme. The proposed UPQC consists mainly of two back‐to‐back inverters that are connected together by a direct current capacitor and installed in series and in parallel with two adjacent feeders. The UPQC can be operated not only for maintaining a downstream voltage to mitigate upstream voltage sags but also for absorbing real power from one feeder and transferring it to the other feeder. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, scenarios including voltage sags and power transfer between two feeders were tested through experimental validations. The test results help consolidate the feasibility and practicability of the scheme for potential applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pneumothorax in a young man with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Loung Robert P.Y. , Cooney Megan , Fallon Erica M. , Langer Jacob C. , Katzman Debra K.
Published: May 2016

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is defined as a pneumothorax that occurs in the absence of an external cause in an individual without underlying generalized lung disease. A number of factors are important and should be carefully considered in the pathogenesis of PSP. This is the first case report of a PSP in a severely malnourished adolescent male with anorexia nervosa (AN) who was involved in excessive physical activity. Clinicians caring for adolescents with AN and vigorous exercise need to be aware of the risk factors associated with the development of a PSP. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:895–898)
Antioxidant compounds of Iranian olive oils influenced by growing area, ripening stage, and cultivar
Authors: Noorali Mehry , Barzegar Mohsen , Sahari Mohammad Ali
Published: May 2016

Phenolic and tocopherol compounds of virgin olive oils, obtained from three imported cultivars (cvs) of Mission, Beleydi, and Koroneiki collected in two different ripening stages from two completely different regions (subdesertic zone (Qom) and Caspian zone (Gorgan)), were determined. Regardless of the growing area conditions, Beleydi cultivars showed the lowest oil content, total phenolic content, secoiridoids, and oleuropein aglycone along with the highest content of decarboxy methyl ligstroside aglycon, ligstroside aglycone, and consequently the lower oxidative stability. Moreover, in spite of lower oil contents, the cvs growing in Qom had higher total phenolic compounds, secoiridoids, oleuropein aglycone and higher oxidative stability. Furthermore, the amount of most of the studied components decreased during the ripening stages.

Practical applications: For selection of well‐characterized cvs, assessing cv‐cultivation zone‐maturity seems unavoidable before commercialization. This trend supports the differentiation of various olive oils and have motivated new and unique branding that assist their sales as well as the need for evaluating the adaptability of imported olive cvs into different growing areas and the most appropriate time of harvest before developing plantations, as a key point for mills due to the increased competitiveness and quality protection.

Physicochemical properties of selected olive cultivars grown in Iran were determined and a correlation between their phenolic compounds and oxidative stability was achieved. Finally, geographic origin of olive cvs was determined by using principal component analysis.
Comparisons between a self‐microemulsifying system and lipid nanoparticles of oxyresveratrol on the physicochemical properties and Caco‐2 cell permeability
Authors: Sangsen Yaowaporn , Wiwattanawongsa Kamonthip , Likhitwitayawuid Kittisak , Sritularak Boonchoo , Wiwattanapatapee Ruedeekorn
Published: May 2016

The lipid‐based formulations including an oily self‐microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were developed for the oral delivery of oxyresveratrol (OXYR). Each system was successfully formulated using different optimized compositions and methods. The obtained SMEDDS appeared as a yellow oily liquid, while the SLN and NLC as low viscous suspensions. The physical properties, cytotoxicity, and drug permeability across the Caco‐2 monolayer of the different systems were compared. The non‐aqueous SMEDDS had about a 13‐fold higher drug loading than the lipid nanoparticles. The particle sizes (26.94 ± 0.08 nm) of OXYR‐SMEDDS were significantly smaller than that of the NLC and SLN (p < 0.05). Also, a narrow size distribution of the SMEDDS (PDI, 0.073 ± 0.010) was obtained compared to the lipid nanoparticles (PDI, 0.2–0.3). By using the MTT assay, the OXYR‐SMEDDS showed a fourfold greater toxicity on the Caco‐2 cells than the SLN and NLC containing OXYR. At the non‐toxic concentration of 100 μM of OXYR, the SMEDDS and the lipid nanoparticles had 2.5–3‐fold enhanced permeability and 1.3–1.8‐fold reduced efflux transport compared to the unformulated OXYR (p < 0.05).

Practical applications: The improvement of the in vitro oral absorption of the lipid‐based formulations resulted from the increased permeability and inhibited efflux mediated mechanisms. These lipid‐based systems have raised the possibility of the oral OXYR in treating and preventing some importance diseases in future. In addition, these systems could also be used as a potential carrier for oral delivery of other compounds which are substrates for efflux transporters. However, in vivo studies are needed to further investigate oral drug bioavailability. Moreover, for use as a commercial product, it is necessary to improve the storage stability and the toxicity of the oily SMEDDS.

The lipid nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) and self‐microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) of oxyresveratrol (OXYR) were produced using different compositions and methods. The appearance and characteristics of the lipid‐based systems were different. However, all of three lipid‐based formulations significantly improved intestinal permeability and reduced efflux transport of OXYR. Therefore, these systems could be used as a potential carrier for oral delivery of OXYR or other compounds which are substrates for efflux transporters.
Estimation of peptide N–Cα bond cleavage efficiency during MALDI‐ISD using a cyclic peptide
Authors: Asakawa Daiki , Smargiasso Nicolas , De Pauw Edwin
Published: May 2016

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization in‐source decay (MALDI‐ISD) induces N–Cα bond cleavage via hydrogen transfer from the matrix to the peptide backbone, which produces a c′/z• fragment pair. Subsequently, the z• generates z′ and [z + matrix] fragments via further radical reactions because of the low stability of the z•. In the present study, we investigated MALDI‐ISD of a cyclic peptide. The N–Cα bond cleavage in the cyclic peptide by MALDI‐ISD produced the hydrogen‐abundant peptide radical [M + 2H]+• with a radical site on the α‐carbon atom, which then reacted with the matrix to give [M + 3H]+ and [M + H + matrix]+. For 1,5‐diaminonaphthalene (1,5‐DAN) adducts with z fragments, post‐source decay of [M + H + 1,5‐DAN]+ generated from the cyclic peptide showed predominant loss of an amino acid with 1,5‐DAN. Additionally, MALDI‐ISD with Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry allowed for the detection of both [M + 3H]+ and [M + H]+ with two 13C atoms. These results strongly suggested that [M + 3H]+ and [M + H + 1,5‐DAN]+ were formed by N–Cα bond cleavage with further radical reactions. As a consequence, the cleavage efficiency of the N–Cα bond during MALDI‐ISD could be estimated by the ratio of the intensity of [M + H]+ and [M + 3H]+ in the Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance spectrum. Because the reduction efficiency of a matrix for the cyclic peptide cyclo(Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐D‐Phe‐Val) was correlated to its tendency to cleave the N–Cα bond in linear peptides, the present method could allow the evaluation of the efficiency of N–Cα bond cleavage for MALDI matrix development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a mass spectrometric hydroxyl‐position determination method for the hydroxyindole metabolites of JWH‐018 by GC‐MS/MS
Authors: Kusano Maiko , Zaitsu Kei , Yamanaka Mayumi , Hisatsune Kazuaki , Asano Tomomi , Taki Kentaro , Hayashi Yumi , Tsuchihashi Hitoshi , Ishii Akira
Published: May 2016

One of the many issues of designer drugs of abuse like synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) such as JWH‐018 is that details on their metabolism has yet to be fully elucidated and that multiple metabolites exist. The presence of isomeric compounds poses further challenges in their identification. Our group has previously shown the effectiveness of gas chromatography‐electron ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐EI‐MS/MS) in the mass spectrometric differentiation of the positional isomers of the naphthoylindole‐type SC JWH‐081, and speculated that the same approach could be used for the metabolite isomers. Using JWH‐018 as a model SC, the aim of this study was to differentiate the positional isomers of its hydroxyindole metabolites by GC‐MS/MS. Standard compounds of JWH‐018 and its hydroxyindole metabolite positional isomers were first analyzed by GC‐EI‐MS in full scan mode, which was only able to differentiate the 4‐hydroxyindole isomer. Further GC‐MS/MS analysis was performed by selecting m/z 302 as the precursor ion. All four isomers produced characteristic product ions that enabled the differentiation between them. Using these ions, MRM analysis was performed on the urine of JWH‐018 administered mice and determined the hydroxyl positions to be at the 6‐position on the indole ring. GC‐EI‐MS/MS allowed for the regioisomeric differentiation of the hydroxyindole metabolite isomers of JWH‐018. Furthermore, analysis of the fragmentation patterns suggests that the present method has high potential to be extended to hydroxyindole metabolites of other naphthoylindole type SCs in identifying the position of the hydroxyl group on the indole ring. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary Observations on Cobalt and Vitamin B12 in Fresh Water1
Authors: BENOIT RICHARD J.
Published: May 2016

The cobalt, copper, and iron contents of a vertical series of water samples from Linsley Pond are given. Cobalt and iron are higher in the hypolimnion than in the epilimnion, but copper is not, The cobalt and iron content of the seston is estimated to be about equal to the content in normal soils, but the copper content is much higher. Vitamin B12 only exists in the water at concentrations lower than the optimum for some algae in culture. The proportion of the total cobalt tied up in vitamin B12 in the epilimnion is about 10% and about 4% or less in the hypolimnion.
A Source of Phosphorus for the Western Basin of Lake Erie1
Authors: CURL HERBERT
Published: May 2016

The western basin of Lake Erie is supplied with phosphate phosphorus by the Maumee River in Ohio. This is apparently the most important source for the lake due to the high phosphorus concentrations involved and the large volume of flow in the spring months. The phosphorus content of the river is affected by stream flow, local temperature, and effluent from the City of Toledo. The addition of phosphate phosphorus to Lake Erie by the Maumee River amounted to over 96 metric tons from June 1945 to May 1946. If the addition by the City of Toledo is included the total amount came to at least 125 metric tons in the same period.
Early synaptic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Insights from animal models
Authors: Schirinzi Tommaso , Madeo Graziella , Martella Giuseppina , Maltese Marta , Picconi Barbara , Calabresi Paolo , Pisani Antonio
Published: May 2016

The appearance of motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD) is invariably linked to degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. Traditional views on PD neuropathology have been grounded in the assumption that the prime event of neurodegeneration involves neuronal cell bodies with the accumulation of metabolic products. However, this view has recently been challenged by both clinical and experimental evidence. Neuropathological studies in human brain samples and both in vivo and in vitro models support the hypothesis that nigrostriatal synapses may indeed be affected at the earliest stages of the neurodegenerative process. The mechanisms leading to either structural or functional synaptic dysfunction are starting to be elucidated and include dysregulation of axonal transport, impairment of the exocytosis and endocytosis machinery, altered intracellular trafficking, and loss of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity. The aim of this review is to try to integrate different lines of evidence from both pathogenic and genetic animal models that, to different extents, suggest that early synaptic impairment may represent the key event in PD pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular and cellular events underlying such synaptopathy is a fundamental step toward developing specific biomarkers of early dopaminergic dysfunction and, more importantly, designing novel therapies targeting the synaptic apparatus of selective, vulnerable synapses. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Using data to grow media efficiency
Authors: Clugston Dave
Published: May 2016

Optimisation is not a one‐off exercise but an ongoing process of media plan improvement.
The Influence of the Appendiceal Base Diameter on Appendix Stump Closure in Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Authors: Delibegović Samir , Mehmedović Zlatan
Published: May 2016

Background

Closure of the appendiceal stump is the most critical part of laparoscopic appendectomy. Establishing the average diameter of the inflamed appendix, and forming the appropriate size of clip, endoloop or stapler length, would make this critical phase of laparoscopic appendectomy easier.

Methods

One hundred and fifty consecutive patients, with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, were included in this study and divided into three groups according to the histological verification of the status of the infection, as follows: phlegmonous, gangrenous and perforated forms of acute appendicitis. The external diameter of the appendiceal base was measured, and the widest part of the appendix with the mesoappendix and the tip, with the help of Vernier callipers, and the measurement was expressed in millimetres.

Results

The average size of the appendiceal base in the phlegmonous form was 10.29 ± 3.13, in the gangrenous form 12.41 ± 3.56, and in the perforated form 12.42 ± 3.64. The maximal size of base was observed in the perforated form, 23.13 mm. The dimensions of the appendiceal base, the central part and the tip in the phlegmonous form were statistically significantly smaller than in the gangrenous and perforated forms of acute appendicitis. The size of the appendix did not differ statistically significantly in the gangrenous and perforated forms of acute appendicitis.

Conclusion

In view of the price, the size of the opening, radiological advantage and biocompatibility, the Hem‐o‐lok clip is the most effective, although its internal diameter should be increased. The DS clip is also effective, but the size of the opening sometimes makes application difficult, and possibly increasing the length of the legs and the opening would make this clip ideal. Staplers have the best characteristics, but their price means they are an option only for forms where it is not possible to close the stump using other methods.
Why Do Parents Want to Know their Child's Carrier Status? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Vears Danya F , Delany Clare , Massie John , Gillam Lynn
Published: May 2016

When a child is identified with a genetic condition, some parents want to know the carrier status of their other children. There has been little exploration of why parents want this information. To address this question, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of 32 children with cystic fibrosis, haemophilia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy who wanted to know the carrier status of their other children. Data was analyzed using inductive content analysis. Parents expressed a range of reasons for desiring their child's carrier status, which fell into two broad categories: 1) benefit for the parents and 2) perceived benefit to the child. Parents discussed the desire for certainty and peace of mind derived from having knowledge of their child's status. The most commonly expressed reason for wanting to know their child's carrier status was in order to communicate the information to their child to provide them with the ability to make informed reproductive decisions. These reasons suggest parents are seeking their children's carrier information both as a coping strategy and to communicate carrier information as part of their role as a parent. This has important implications for genetic counseling practice, especially as international guidelines generally recommend against carrier testing in children.
KNOWING HOW TO PUT KNOWLEDGE FIRST IN THE THEORY OF JUSTIFICATION
Authors: Silva Paul
Published: May 2016

In what follows I offer a novel knowledge-first account of justification that avoids the pitfalls of existing accounts while preserving the underlying insight of knowledge-first epistemologies: that knowledge comes first. The view is, roughly, this: justification is grounded in our practical knowledge (know-how) concerning the acquisition of propositional knowledge (knowledge-that). The upshot is a virtue-theoretic, knowledge-first view of justification that is internalist-friendly and able to explain more facts about justification than any other available view.
Redefining the Farmer-Processor Relationship: The Story of Organic Cow
Authors: SAUCIER OLIVIA R. , PARSONS ROBERT L. , INWOOD SHOSHANAH
Published: May 2016

This article examines, from the viewpoint of a core group of Vermont milk producers, the period in the mid-1990s when organic dairy became mainstream. We look at the rise and subsequent takeover of one of the first organic milk-processing companies, The Organic Cow of Vermont, through the eyes of the farmers involved. In so doing, we provide needed perspective on the role of food producers working in industries subject to growth and consolidation. As producers of a commodity that grew out of the conventional system, organic dairy farmers faced unique choices that set them apart from other organic producers at that time. We demonstrate that the market for organic milk and dairy provided the opportunity for a new kind of farmer-processor relationship in which producers were supported through stable pay-prices and an intimate business relationship with processors. This article challenges the idea that the organic dairy industry was built by corporations trying to profit from booming consumer demand for organic foods and offers important contributions to debates surrounding the growth and conventionalization of organic food systems.