bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Étudier à l'INALCO la langue de ses origines, une stratégie de reconstruction identitaire
Authors: Rolland Dominique
Published: March 2015

Résumé À l’Institut des Langues et Civilisations Orientales de Paris, des étudiants viennent étudier la langue de leurs origines : il s’agit d’enfants ou de petits enfants d’immigrés (du Maghreb, de Turquie, d’Asie du Sud-Est, d’Europe de l’Est ou d’Afrique subsaharienne) ou issus de couples mixtes, ou bien encore d’étudiants nés à l’étranger et qui y ont passé leur jeune âge. Leur choix n’est pas une facilité, comme on pourrait le penser, mais, au contraire, relève d’un désir de combler un manque identitaire, de renouer des liens par le biais d’une formation académique, linguistique et culturelle. Cette recherche se propose d’analyser leurs motivations et de suivre leur parcours jusqu’à la fin de leur cursus universitaire.
Apaiser les enfants. Une fonction parentale singulière et universelle
Authors: Ahovi Jonathan , Moro Marie Rose
Published: March 2015

Résumé Apaiser les bébés, les enfants et les adolescents requiert une construction de la parentalité qui s’appuie sur ses propres représentations psychiques, sociales et culturelles. À partir de l’expérience clinique transculturelle et des recherches dans ce domaine, ce travail montre l’importance de ces processus intrapsychiques, intersubjectifs et collectifs et en tire les conséquences pour la prévention et les soins pendant la grossesse et au cours de la mise en place des interactions précoces parents-enfants. Apaiser les enfants et les faire grandir harmonieusement sont donc deux fonctions à la fois singulières et universelles des parents d’où qu’ils viennent. Respecter leur manière de penser et de faire est un gage de leur efficacité symbolique et réelle.
Karim et son premier « fix » : Un adolescent en mal d'appartenance
Authors: Pierre Danièle
Published: March 2015

Résumé L’article relate la thérapie ethnopsy d’un jeune toxicomane d’origine marocaine. Les interprétations traditionnelles évoquées par le patient lui-même ou par ses thérapeutes (malédiction, « baraka », frayeur, possession, problème autour de la circoncision), ainsi que l’interprétation des rêves et des cauchemars (en termes psychanalytiques et traditionnels), permettent un travail d’élaboration psychique qui aboutit à la levée du symptôme. Une brève discussion suit le récit clinique, concernant la fonction du cauchemar et de la mise en acte du point de vue métapsychologique.
Que nous dit l'adoption sur notre parenté, que nous dit notre parenté sur l'adoption ?
Authors: Cadoret Anne
Published: March 2015

Résumé Les configurations familiales d’aujourd’hui ne sont plus celles d’hier et l’enfant peut se retrouver avec plusieurs figures de père, plusieurs figures de mère. L’adoption, lorsqu’elle a été instituée, il y a une cinquantaine d’années, se glissait dans le seul modèle familial alors existant – un seul père, une seule mère, qui étaient les parents adoptants. Nous avions affaire à une logique de substitution. Puis, peu à peu, parallèlement à l’évolution générale de la parenté, d’autres logiques de construction de la filiation adoptive sont apparues, telles les logiques de succession, de continuité et de relation. Nous parlons toujours d’adoption plénière, mais avec en plus la possibilité d’une adoption ouverte, laquelle, tout en laissant les parents adoptifs être les seuls parents légaux de l’enfant, n’efface pas la présence des parents de naissance ; nous pensons aussi à l’adoption simple qui introduit réellement une double parenté, dont l’adopté serait la cause et le centre.
Le voyage d'exil ; temps hors cadre, temps hors norme
Authors: Leconte Juliette
Published: March 2015

Résumé Du fait de la fermeture des frontières, les migrants font des trajets de plus en plus longs et de plus en plus périlleux. Les mineurs qui fuient seuls leur pays, pour des raisons politiques ou économiques, vivent des événements dramatiques : un départ brutal et sans adieu, l’isolement, des règles sociales bouleversées, de multiples ruptures... Telles sont les caractéristiques communes du voyage d’exil des mineurs isolés qui atteignent la France. À travers le cas d’un jeune Afghan que j’ai suivi dans le cadre de mon activité professionnelle en tant que travailleur social, dans un « accueil de jour pour mineurs isolés étrangers », j’analyserai les effets des deuils et des traumas subis lors de ce voyage d’exil.
L'intime et le politique
Authors: Mestre Claire , Moro Marie Rose
Published: March 2015

Résumé À travers l’analyse dialectique des écrits de Frantz Fanon et d’Octave Mannoni sur le racisme et le traumatisme psychique au temps de la colonisation, les auteurs proposent une lecture ethnopsychiatrique critique de ces deux phénomènes. Frantz Fanon, dont l’œuvre psychiatrique est mal connue en France, a analysé, à travers ses observations médicales et cliniques, les effets aliénants du colonialisme et a fait de la psychiatrie un outil de combat. Il contredit Mannoni notamment sur l’interprétation univoque du racisme comme projection psychique et sur l’interprétation du trauma comme castration. En effet, la psychanalyse ne peut, seule, comme lecture totalisante, rendre compte de leurs effets complexes sur la psyché, sans tenir compte du contexte historique et politique. La lecture dialectique de ces deux démonstrations amène à l’enseignement de Devereux de l’articulation de la psyché et de la culture, culture et politique étant liées. Cette ethnopsychanalyse critique a comme projet de mieux écouter nos patients migrants et de construire une relation entre les cultures, qui n’excluant pas la différence, renonce au racisme.
Identité et migration : le modèle des orientations identitaires
Authors: Abdessadek Mounira
Published: March 2015

Résumé Le développement de l’identité durant les migrations est souvent étudié sous l’angle de l’acculturation et de la différence perçue entre les valeurs de la culture d’origine et celle de la culture d’accueil. Cet aspect ne permet pas à lui seul de décrire le vécu des migrants. Le modèle que nous élaborons propose de questionner le sens individuel de la migration lors de la confrontation entre les attentes formulées avant le départ et la réalité vécue dans le pays d’accueil. À travers cette justification du parcours, c’est l’identité même de la personne qui est remise en question et qui s’inscrit dans des orientations différentes. Au-delà de s’interroger sur le sens de sa présence dans un pays étranger, la personne en migration se demande si la quête identitaire qui l’a amenée jusque-là est réellement signifiante et de quelle manière. Le cas de Bachir, un algérien présent depuis un an et demi en France, permettra d’illustrer ce modèle.
Repenser la prévention à travers le mouvement hip-hop
Authors: Toledo Roberto Domingo
Published: March 2015

Résumé De nombreux spécialistes de la prévention expliquent les violences, les émeutes urbaines et le comportement antiautoritaire des jeunes en termes de handicap (trouble des conduites, psychopathie). La culture de la rue de ces jeunes n’est souvent envisagée que comme un facteur de risque. En m’appuyant sur le concept de « décentrage » de Marie Rose Moro, j’examine l’importance du hip-hop et du rap dans la construction d’une identité postcoloniale et post-esclavagiste pour les jeunes d’origine maghrébine, subsaharienne et antillaise en France. L’ouverture sur la culture hip-hop permet de reconsidérer ces questions en termes d’émancipation et de création, et pas seulement en termes de prévention.
Être mère malgré tout, une consultation transculturelle à la maternité
Authors: Sanca Roxana , Mestre Claire , Gioan Estelle
Published: March 2015

Considérant la temporalité d’une thérapie adressée à une dyade mère-enfant en souffrance dans une consultation transculturelle en maternité, cet article se donne comme objectif de mettre en valeur les outils d’intervention et d’encodage qui peuvent servir à la reconstruction des liens et à une co-construction du sens chez les jeunes mères migrantes ayant subi des ruptures culturelles multiples. Une discussion sur les ruptures et les réaménagements psychiques qu’elles peuvent entraîner et sur les résultats de l’intervention thérapeutique, en abordant aussi l’échec final de cette prise en charge, réitère l’importance du travail en réseau auprès de cette population.
Maria, une beauté bien encombrante
Authors: Rouchon Jeanne-Flore , Rizzi Alice Titia , Babin Françoise , Pouthier Marine , Moro Marie Rose
Published: March 2015

A travers l’analyse complémentariste de l’histoire de Maria, patiente d’origine cap-verdienne qui souffre d’une psychose dysthymique très invalidante et qui est prise en charge à la consultation transculturelle de l’hôpital Avicenne, cet article tente d’apporter quelques éléments éclairant les possibilités et limites de suivis en thérapie transculturelle de patients psychotiques. Dans cette situation clinique, malgré la gravité du trouble psychotique, la prise en charge s’avère globalement thérapeutique, d’ailleurs, plus du fait des caractéristiques contenantes qu’offre l’outil thérapeutique groupal transculturel que des possibilités de co-construction de sens qu’il offre. Au plan de la technique transculturelle, nous allons montrer un écueil fondamental dans cette psychothérapie, notamment ce qui concerne la question des rituels.
« Doit-on porter un boubou pour soigner un patient Africain ? »
Authors: Body Lawson Festus T. , Dacqui Louise
Published: March 2015

Les troubles du comportement chez les enfants comme chez les adolescents sont universels et chaque culture les inscrits dans une logique qui forge leur identité. Les enfants de parents migrants sont habités par deux appartenances qui parfois s’enrichissent et s’opposent. Dans notre région nous souhaitons élargir notre dispositif de soins, afin d’intégrer la dimension culturelle dans la prise en charge thérapeutique des enfants et de leurs familles migrantes. En termes de santé publique, une lecture transculturelle permettrait d’améliorer la discussion diagnostique et éviter les errances médicales, éviter les passages inutiles dans différents services spécialisés, et enfin favoriser la pertinence des demandes d’examens complémentaires coûteux.
La survie comme don : réflexions entourant les enjeux de la vie suite au génocide chez des hommes rwandais
Authors: Bourgeois-Guérin Élise , Rousseau Cécile
Published: March 2015

La culpabilité du survivant a souvent été évoquée pour tenter de comprendre la souffrance chez des personnes ayant échappé à des massacres. Au moyen d’une analyse qualitative, cet article explore la question du rapport à la survie chez neuf hommes rwandais rescapés du génocide de 1994. L’idée selon laquelle la survie représenterait, pour ces hommes, une forme de don à la fois précieux et accablant se dégage de leurs récits. La dynamique à travers laquelle le don s’articule au contre-don dans la vie des sujets suite au génocide met en relief l’intrication du personnel et du collectif dans la construction du sens donné à la survie.
Système symbolique catholique et comportements électoraux
Authors: Michelat Guy , Dargent Claude
Published: March 2015

Avec constance, les sciences sociales établissent depuis un siècle le lien étroit qui unit catholicisme et vote de droite en France. Malgré les profondes transformations qui ont affecté champ religieux et champ politique, cette relation se vérifie de nouveau lors de l’élection présidentielle de 2012. Croissant avec la fréquence de l’assistance à l’office, la propension des catholiques à voter à droite se révèle indépendante de leurs autres caractéristiques sociodémographiques. Par ailleurs, libéralisme économique et ethno-autoritarisme, qui s’accompagnent d’attitudes et de comportements politiques conservateurs, vont également de pair avec une augmentation du degré d’intégration au catholicisme. Cependant, même une fois contrôlée la position sur ces deux échelles d’attitudes, l’effet de la pratique catholique sur le vote de droite demeure.
Epikeratophakia for Myopia: Preliminary Considerations
Authors: Keates Richard H , Kelley Curtin G
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A review of our early experience with epikeratophakia for high myopia at The Ohio State University is presented. Our first seven patients undergoing the procedure are included, with a minimum follow-up of four months. The clinical aspects of tissue handling, reepithelialization, and clearing have been entirely satisfactory. The early visual results have been variable, with some fluctuation of surface contour and of the obtained refractive corrections still occurring for several weeks following suture removal. Final analyses of obtained powers and predictability are continuing at this time; computer generated graphs of early results are given.
Radial Keratotomy: Reoperations
Authors: Villaseñor Richard A , Cox Kerry O
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Thirty-six radial keratotomy eyes underwent reoperation for resultant undercorrections and were analyzed. Reoperations were performed as early as two weeks and as long as 46 months following the initial surgery. At the initial surgery, eight incisions were performed on 32 eyes, and four incisions on the remaining four eyes. Reoperation consisted of the addition of either four or eight incisions. Eyes achieving depth of 70% or greater with the initial surgery obtained minimal additional correction with reoperation (0.58 D mean). Eyes with shallow initial incisions obtained significantly greater correction (2.46 D mean). Eight additional incisions added at the time of reoperation achieved no greater effect than four incisions alone.
A Consumers' Guide to Radial Keratotomy Predictive Software
Authors: Salz James J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Five radial keratotomy predictive software programs are reviewed. The review consists of a brief description of each program and a comparative analysis of four hypothetical radial keratotomy patients with preoperative myopia of: - 2.50, - 5.00, - 7.50 and - 10.00. Significant differences in the recommended surgery for these patients is apparent. A sample printout of each program's predictions on the - 7.50 D patient is included.

The true value of these programs will become apparent when independent surgeons report a prospective analysis detailing the accuracy of these predictions.
New Techniques: An Opaque Contact Lens for Marking the Visual Axis
Authors: Villaseñor Richard A , Buchbinder Michael
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: An opaque contact lens with a central aperature has been developed to identify and aid in marking the visual axis during refractive surgery.
A New Surgical Technique for the Correction of Hyperopia After Radial Keratotomy: An Experimental Model
Authors: Starling Jay C , Hofmann Robert F
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Cadaver eyes were used to develop a suture technique that permits controlled adjustable steepening of the central corneal curvature over a wide range. The technique consists of placement of a 10-0 Mersilene monofilament suture at a 30% to 50% depth of the cornea in a circumferential, purse-string fashion. Corneascope photographs document the effectiveness of the procedure as applied to radial keratotomized eyes. By utilizing this procedure in conjunction with a modified radial keratotomy technique, a method of steepening the cornea in a virgin eye is presented. The potentially broad applications of the procedure are discussed.
Corneal Astigmatism Induced by the Combination of Arc and Radial Keratotomies: Experimental Research in Rabbits
Authors: Arciniegas Alejandro , Amaya Luis E , Velasquez Gabriel , Hernández Luis
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The main objective of this investigation was to induce (create) corneal astigmatism, with a minimum of surgery, using relaxing incisions that are a combination of arc and radial keratotomies. With this combination we were able to induce large, short-term amounts of astigmatism (up to 20 diopters in rabbits). To obtain the maximum surgical effect, the arc keratotomy must be done in the middle zone of the cornea. We also report the theoretical basis to predict mathematically the desired correction.
Case Report: Anterior Uveitis and Transient Hyperopia Following Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Starling Jay C , Hofmann Robert F
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A case of anterior uveitis several months following radial keratotomy is presented. This case is unusual as it resulted in a transient large hyperopic refractive error. Mechanisms relating to alterations in corneal hydration are discussed.
Stability of Refraction Following Radial Keratotomy over 4 Years
Authors: Kremer Frederic B , Steer Robert A
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The mean spherical equivalents of 43 eyes treated by radial keratotomy between 1980 and 1982 were compared by a repeated analysis of variance across 4 years. There was no significant increase in hyperopia between the first and fourth years. The changes in mean spherical equivalency stabilized after the first year of surgery. The eyes demonstrated substantial reductions in myopia 1 year after surgery. Furthermore, there was no difference in the mean spherical equivalents achieved by the 31 procedures performed with carbon steel blades as opposed to the 12 procedures performed with diamond blades during any of the follow-up years.
Postoperative Management of Myopic Keratomileusis
Authors: Buchbinder Michael , York Kenneth K , Villaseñor Richard A
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: We performed myopic keratomileusis on ten patients. Six consecutive patients were treated with our standard postoperative regimen of topical antibiotics and pressure patching. In an attempt to promote a more rapid visual recovery, four consecutive patients were treated with a modified postoperative regimen that consisted of a therapeutic contact lens and intensive topical steroid therapy immediately postoperatively. This regimen did not significantly improve visual recovery or lenticular clarity compared to our standard postoperative treatment. The potential complications associated with contact lenses and topical steroids may not justify their use under these circumstances.
Special Report: Radial Keratotomy As Seen Through Operated Eyes
Authors: Richmond Richard D
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: One year follow-up of bilateral radial keratotomy is presented. The author and subject of the study is a 51-year-old white male ophthalmologist. An excellent surgical result OS is contrasted with an overcorrected OD, A theory is advanced concerning causes of visual fluctuation.
Case Report: Probable Fluorescein-lnduced Uveitis Following Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Brodsky Mauricio E , Bauerberg Jorge M , Sterzovsky A
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Two cases are reported which are the authors' first encounter with complications from applying sterile fluorescein drops in the immediate postoperative examination of radial keratotomy patients with microperforations. Because the iritis in these cases appears to be related to the fluorescein that entered the anterior chamber, the authors advise against the use of topical fluorescein in the immediate postoperative period of radial keratotomy in these patients.
A Modified Corneal Press to Restore Normal Corneal Dimensions
Authors: Swinger Casimir A , Wisnicki H Jay , Kornmehl Ernest W
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A modified corneal press was developed to allow a donor corneal scleral button to be compressed to normal dimensions, or other than normal thickness If desired, The compressed cornea has a normal variation in thickness from center to periphery. Modified corneas may then be used with an artificial anterior chamber and microkeratome to produce lamellar discs for use in keratophakia, keratomileusis or epikeratophakia. Four eye-bank corneas, whose initial central thickness averaged 0.79 mm, were treated with the press. Following treatment the mean central thickness was 0.48 ± .01 mm, and the peripheral thickness was 0.62 ± .01 mm.
Corneal Flattening Associated With Daily Wear Soft Contact Lenses Following Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Edwards Gary A , Schaefer M Kathryn
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Daily wear of soft contact lenses after undercorrected radial keratotomy induces temporary corneal flattening that could lead to improved correction of post-RK residual myopia.
Intraocular Pressure During Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Mendelsohn Alan D , Parel Jean-Marie , Dennis Jay J , Gelender Henry , Forster Richard K , Ullman Saul
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Twenty-six eye bank eyes underwent radial keratotomy (RK] with continuous monitoring of the intraocular pressure (IOP), All procedures were identical except for the fixation device utilized; eight were performed with a 3 mm 2prong forcep, eight with a 16 mm ring, and the remainder with a vacuum fixation ring. The surgeries with the 2-prong forcep demonstrated the highest peak intraocular pressures with the greatest scatter, while the vacuum ring gave the lowest IOP. Ocular stabilization during surgery was by far the least wif h the 2prong forceps, considerably improved with the 16 mm ring, and further enhanced with the vacuum ring. Ail three fixation devices yielded comparable reductions from the preoperative to the postoperative IOPs, one-third to onehalf of the preoperative value.
Curved Keratotomy Procedure for Congenital Astigmatism
Authors: Merlin Umberto
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT; The purpose of this article is to report the principles, technique, and results of curved keratotomy performed to correct congenital astigmatism. The theoretical basis of this procedure is based on the Gauss' Law of the Tota! Curvature of the Surfaces, which is simplified by the author in the "Mean Radius Law." The relationship between the spheroequivalent value and the mean radius and their importance in the predictability of results is explained. The results of 205 eyes operated by curved keratotomy procedure are reported. This technique seems to be very simple, with good predictability and stable results.
Short Incision Radial Keratotomy: A Comparative Study in Rabbits
Authors: O'Donnell Francis E
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: In a comparative study of short incision (2,5mm length) and standard incision (up to the limbus) radial keratotomy in six rabbits, the average keratometric reduction at 12 weeks was 6.12 ± 3.60 SD diopters for short incisions and 6,83 ± 3.94 SD diopters for long incisions. As predicted in two independent mathematical models of the cornea, short incisions appear to be about as effective as long incisions, while offering some theoretical advantages. A clinical comparison of short incision radial keratotomy with standard incision length (long) RK seems warranted.
Radial Keratotomy for Overcorrected Pseudophakia: Results of an Informal Survey
Authors: Salz James J , Reader August L , Hofmann Robert F
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Despite the introduction of ultrasonic axial length measurements and a variety of intraocular lens implant prediction formulas, postoperative predicted errors greater than 2 diopters occur in approximately 5% to 10% of the cases and occasional errors of 5 diopters to 7 diopters or greater are still encountered. An informal survey revealed successful radial keratotomies in eight cases of overcorrected pseudophakia with post implant refractive errors ranging from -2,75 diopters to -8.00 diopters.
Development and Evaluation of Refractive Surgical Procedures
Authors: Waring George O
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Many types of keratoplasty operations are currently in clinical use: penetrating, refractive, and tectonic. These operations ore passing through five stages of development and evaluation: 1) creative innovation; 2) trial and error refinement; 3) informal testing; 4) formal trials; and 5) randomized controlled trials. The further along this continuum an operation proceeds, the more likely ophthalmologists and patients are to have objective, definitive, verifiable information about it.

No randomized controlled trials of refractive surgery have been done. There is a need to design trials that test two procedures in a single patient - one in the right eye and the other in the left. This will provide more reliable Information for clinical practice.
The Use of Sliding Knots With Mattress Sutures in Epikeratophakia Surgery
Authors: McDonnell Peter J , Schanzlin David J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT; Epikeratophakia, first introduced clinically in 1979, involves placing a corneal lenticule onto a host cornea to correct hyperopic and myopic refractive errors and keratoconus. Radial, interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures are used currently to secure the lenticule until healing occurs at the keratectomy site. We have used mattress sutures with adjustable slide knots in three patients with aphakic epikeratophakia. This modification may facilitate intraoperative adjustment of suture tension and astigmatism, and may help to seat the wing of the lenticule into the keratectomy site more effectively than single interrupted sutures.
An Unusual Case of an Anterior and Posterior Chamber Lens Used in the Same Eye for Refractive Purposes
Authors: Friedlander Miles H , Granet Nicole S
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: A patient who underwent a triple procedure (partial penetrating keratoplasty, extracapsular cataract extraction, and posterior chamber lens Implantation) had good visual acuity post-operatively, but experienced marked undercorrection caused by a flat cornea, Because of the possibility of complications, resulting from a proposed lens exchange, the surgeon chose to place an anterior chamber lens of appropriate power over the posterior chamber lens. Excellent visual acuity with minimal refractive error was achieved.
Sources of Error in Keratotomy Knife Incision
Authors: Hofmann Robert F , Lindstrom Richard L
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Since the introduction of anterior radial and astigmatic keratotomy in the late 1970s, significant attention has been placed on the pachymetric measurement with three different modalities. Pachymetry is only one factor related to the attained depth from the keratotomy incision. Micrometer gem knife footplate design and cutting edge quality provide far greater potential sources of error than involved in the simple measurement of corneal thickness. Micrometer accuracy, chuck stability, footplate design, alignment relationships, blade quality and care, and the precision of the calibration device all can contribute significantly to the accuracy of the incision.
Experimental Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Fernandez-Meijide Roberto , Croxatto J Oscar
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Radial keratotomies were performed in cats and dogs using a diamond knife with edge settings 90% or 100% of the thinnest paracentral ultrasonic pachymetry. Histopathologic evaluation revealed an average effective obtained incision depth of 84.4% and 86.8%. desired depth, respectively. Although there was variation In incision depth, this study suggests that the average depth obtained histologically with diamond knives is approximately 85% of corneal thickness when the blades are set at 90% to 100% of thinnest paracentral pachymetry.
The Intrastromal Corneal Ring: Two Cases in Rabbits
Authors: Fleming Joseph F , Reynolds A E , Kilmer Lauren , Burris Terry E , Abbott Richard L , Schanzlin David J
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The intrastromal corneal ring (ICR) is a refractive device with the potential to correct both myopia and hyperopia. The ring is inserted in the peripheral corneal stroma at about two-thirds depth. Mechanical expansion of the ring flattens the central cornea, while constriction of the ring steepens it. Two rabbits underwent ICR surgery. The rabbit with ring expansion showed central corneal flattening 6 months postoperatively. The rabbit with ring constriction showed central corneal steepening 6 months postoperatively. In both cases, the central cornea remained clear.
Hexagonal Keratotomy in Human Cadaver Eyes
Authors: Gilbert Michael L , Friedlander Miles , Aiello J Peter , Granet Nicole
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Hexagonal keratotomy was performed on human cadaver eyes to measure keratometric and photokeratoscopic changes. A 5-mm central hexagonal keratotomy performed to an estimated 85% corneal depth yielded a 10.30 (± 4.23) diopter increase in keratometric power (p<0.001). Photokeratoscopy confirmed postoperative central corneal steepening in previously unoperated human eyes. The results encourage further laboratory and clinical studies of this procedure and reveal its potential to surgically correct mild degrees of hyperopia.
Paracentral Measurement of Intraocular Pressure in the Presence of a Polysulfone Intracorneal Lens
Authors: Sellman Tami R , Lane Stephen S , Puumala Michael , Lindstrom Richard L
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Implantation of a polysulfone intracorneal lens eventually may be a viable alternative for the correction of refractive errors. Clinical application of this technique will require accurate monitoring of intraocular tension following intracorneal lens implantation. Two cats with a polysulfone intracorneal lens implanted in one eye were used to compare intraocular pressure measured with a Digilab pneumatonometer and a Perkins hand-held tonometer with actual intraocular pressure measured with pressure manometry, The pneumatonometer and Perkins tonometer were first calibrated against pressure manometry for use in the cat eye.

For all eyes, both with and without a polysulfone intracorneal lens, the intraocular pressure calculated from paracentral pneumatonometer readings was compared with actual intraocular tension measured by manometry. A highly significant linear relationship was found with linear regression analysis. The correlation coefficient was .99 and the regression coefficient was .03 ± .09. These results show that paracentral pneumatonometry is an accurate method of monitoring intraocular tension following implantation of a polysulfone intracorneal lens.
Four-Year Update on Predictability of Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Arrowsmith Peter N , Marks Ronald G
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: We present an update on the predictability of radial keratotomy for both steel and diamond knife cases. A predictability model is developed 4 years after surgery for steel knife cases and compared with earlier reported results. The R
p 2
value for the 4-year model is 57%, which is similar to results of 6, 12, and 24 months. The predictive factors of planned incision depth, age, number of incisions, redeepening, sex, and central pachymetry are consistent with earlier results. A 2-year model for diamond knife cases yielded an R
p 2
value of 78% with predictive factors of incision depth, redeepening, age, number of incisions, and optical zone size similar to earlier models. Corneal microperforations and preoperative average keratometry are new long-term predictive factors. An analysis of inaccurately predicted results is presented and shown to relate to high myopia, redeepening, using 16 incisions, incision depth greater than 90%, perforations, and a 3.0 mm optical zone.
Radial Keratotomy: Reoperations
Authors: Menezo J L , Cisneros A L , Harto M A
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: From our initial series of 300 keratotomies we present the results of 27 undercorrected eyes (9%) subjected to reoperations. The time between the first operation and the reoperation varied from 3 weeks to 12 months. Eight incisions were added in all the reoperations. The mean spherical equivalent myopia reduction was 2.0 diopters with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.
Complications of Epikeratophakia
Authors: Grabner Günther
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Epikeratophakia for the correction of aphakia, myopia, and keratoconus has been in a developmental state for about 8 years. The technique overcomes many of the objections to other lamellar refractive procedures, particularly the elimination of the lamellar dissection of the visual axis of a healthy cornea and the need for expensive and complex surgical equipment. It is reasonably reversible and repeatable. Serious complications that permanently threaten vision are very rare. Predictability and loss of visual acuity in a significant percentage of cases make careful patient selection mandatory. Further technical improvements must be made before these procedures can enjoy widespread acceptance.
Human Excimer Laser Keratectomy: Short-Term Histopathology
Authors: L'Esperance Francis A , Taylor Daniel M , Warner John W
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The first human trial using the argon fluoride excimer laser to produce a superficial keratectomy in the initial three of a series of ten human eyes is described and includes the clinical appearance and short-term histopathologic evaluation of these three eyes. During an interval of less than 14 days, all three eyes reepithel ia I ized completely, showing absolute clarity of all layers of the cornea, while the patients experienced minimal discomfort despite gross abnormalities of other structures and components of these eyes.

Histopathologically, at an average ablation depth of 30 to 40 microns below the surface of Bowman's membrane, the epithelium appeared to be slightly hyperplastic, but firmly adherent to the underlying stromal fibers in the ablated areas. There was a slight electrondense border at the epithelial -stromal interface, but no evidence of inflammation or abnormal keratocyte activity was noted during this Interval, Further pathophysiologic and pharmacologic investigations will be reguired to perfect this new procedure.
Clinical Results and Complications of Trapezoidal Keratotomy
Authors: Villaseñor Richard A , Stimac George R
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT; Trapezoidal keratotomy (Ruiz technique) was performed on 35 consecutive eyes for the correction of congenital post-keratoplasty, post-cataract and post-myopic keratomileusis astigmatism. The results lacked predictability, particularly in the postkeratoplasty astigmatism group. The complication rate was high and consisted of micro- and macroperforations, large postoperative axis shifts, glare, spontaneous wound separation, and vascularization of the incisions. Wound revisions and modifications of trapezoidal keratotomy are suggested for the correction of large astigmatic refractive errors.
Ruptured Globe Secondary to Blunt Trauma Following Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Simons Kenneth B , Linsalata Rudolph P , Zaragosa Ana M
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: This case report documents the first known occurrence of a ruptured globe subsequent to blunt trauma following radial keratotomy. Best visual acuity preoperatively was 20/70 OU without correction. The patient underwent a four-incision radial keratotomy in the left eye, and on the fourth postoperative day, acuity was 20/40 without correction. On postoperative day 24, the patient was struck by an elbow and the globe ruptured. The eye was primarily repaired and subsequently enucleated. Light microscopy revealed marked disorganization of the internal ocular structures. Two radial keratotomy sites were seen to extend one-half to two-thirds depth of the repaired cornea with the underlying Descemefs membrane intact. The effect of radial keratotomy on ocular Integrity is discussed.
A New Method of Lathing Corneal Lenticules for Keratorefractive Procedures
Authors: Barrett Graham , Moore Mary Beth
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: An alternative lathing method, predictive calculations, and computer program for producing lenticules have been developed by the authors in an attempt to improve the refractive results of epikeratophakia, Lenticules produced by this method do not rely on induced curvature changes in the anterior radius of curvature, but are lathed with anterior and posterior surfaces corresponding to the desired final form. The method and mathematical analysis are presented for epikeratophakia, but can be applied to keratomileusis. The new method of lathing corneal lenticules and associated computer program should enhance the predictability, stability, and recovery of postoperative visual acuity in keratorefractive procedures.
The Future Direction of Refractive Surgery
Authors: McDonald Marguerite B
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Over the next 3 years, I believe that we will see modifications of the tissue lenses and surgical procedure that will improve the accuracy of donor tissue epikeratophakia, as well as the emergence of synthetic epikeratophakia, increased use of hydrogel intracorneal lenses, further development of excimer laser ablation for the correction of refractive error, and more sophisticated analysis of changes in corneal shape after refractive surgery. Ten years from now, I believe that two refractive surgical procedures, for the most part, will be performed: one tissue addition procedure (synthetic epikeratophakia) and one tissue subtraction procedure (excimer laser sculpting of the cornea). Topographic analysis will be an integral part of intraoperative evaluation during refractive and other surgical procedures, as well as diagnosis and decision-making in the office.
Incidence of Astigmatism in a Cataract Practice
Authors: Buzard Kurt , Shearing Steven , Relyea Richard
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: Astigmatism represents a unique form of refractive error, in that it is often undercor reeled and unsuspected. We present keratometric and refractive astigmatism dafa on 747 consecutive patients scheduled for cataract surgery. Average preoperative astigmatism in diopters was 1,22 ± 1,33 [keratometric), 0,81 ± 0.81 (manifest), while 10-week and 1-year postoperative values were 0.87 + 0,64 (manifest) and 0.62 ± 0.68 (manifest). In this paper we show that astigmatism is primarily corneal In origin in the human eye and that there is a statistical variation in age with a progressive increase in absolute amount and change to againstthe-rule astigmatism In the older cataract patient.
Corneal Trauma: The Prevention and Correction of Corneal Transplant Astigmatism
Authors: Rowsey J James
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The cornea, which sustains trauma and repair, provides potential difficulty to the transplant surgeon. Corneal transplant surgery routinely requires meticulous attention to preoperative donor and recipient characteristics, operative technique, and postoperative wound healing to reduce corneal astigmatism. Prior corneal trauma accentuates our understanding of recent developments in donor incisions, recipient bed operative techniques, and thin or ectatic corneas to decrease corneal transplant astigmatism. Suture placement and removal insights produce more rapid visual recovery. Relaxing incision techniques may be used to reduce postoperative astigmatism. The advances in these areas are presented.
Bilateral Radial Keratotomy Following Bilateral Clear Lens Extraction and IOL Implantation in a Patient With High Myopia
Authors: Coelho Etelvino Teixeira , Gomes Edigezir Barbosa
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The authors report two eyes of one patient which underwent clear lens extraction with intraocular lens implantation combined with radial keratotomy Radial keratotomy is discussed as a useful adjunct in managing residual myopia following clear lens extraction and implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses.
Virtual Environment to Aid the Assessment of Basic Math Concepts in Children with ADHD
Authors: Ianaguivara Eduardo Seige , Candiago Alex , Kawamoto L.T. , Rodrigues Silvia Cristina Martini , Scardovelli Terigi Augusto , da Silva Alessandro Pereira
Published: March 2015

The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common disorder among children in the school. Children with ADHD have more difficulty learning the discipline of mathematics. Recent studies showed that the use of computer games as a tool to aid evaluation of mathematical concepts can provide twice more solutions to problems than conventional methods. Several studies also showed that the colors can significantly affect the attention of children with ADHD. Therefore, this paper describes the development of the computerized game with red-green axis colors to help the assessment the initial concept of math in the children with ADHD. The game developed was produced using Blender 3D graphical tool. The developed game was validated by math teachers. They evaluated if the concept of math were presented clearly and objective. The game also was evaluated by professionals on software development process which assessed the functional requirements. The developed game has criteria recommended by APA (American Psychological Association) to retain the attention of hyperactive and allow the evaluation of their actual knowledge of math concepts.
Acidosis Increases MHC Class II–Restricted Presentation of a Protein Endowed with a pH-Dependent Heparan Sulfate–Binding Ability
Authors: Knittel Delphine , Savatier Alexandra , Upert Grégory , Lortat-Jacob Hugues , Léonetti Michel
Published: March 2015

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are ubiquitously expressed molecules that participate in numerous biological processes. We previously showed that HSPGs expressed on the surface of APCs can serve as receptors for a hybrid protein containing an HS ligand and an Ag, which leads to more efficient stimulation of Th cells. To investigate whether such behavior is shared by proteins with inherent HS-binding ability, we looked for proteins endowed with this characteristic. We found that diphtheria toxin and its nontoxic mutant, called CRM197, can interact with HS. However, we observed that their binding ability is higher at pH 6 than at pH 7.4. Therefore, as extracellular acidosis occurs during infection by various micro-organisms, we assessed whether HS-binding capacity affects MHC class II–restricted presentation at different pHs. We first observed that pH decrease allows CRM197 binding to HSPG-expressing cells, including APCs. Then, we showed that this interaction enhances Ag uptake and presentation to Th cells. Lastly, we observed that pH decrease does not affect processing and presentation abilities of the APCs. Our findings show that acidic pH causes an HSPG-mediated uptake and an enhancement of T cell stimulation of Ags with the inherent ability to bind HSPGs pH-dependently. Furthermore, they suggest that proteins from micro-organisms with this binding characteristic might be supported more efficiently by the adaptive immune system when acidosis is triggered during infection.
Nystagmus in Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: A Case Series
Authors: White Judith , Krakovitz Paul
Published: March 2015

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is one of the commonly identified congenital temporal bone abnormalities associated with sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing loss may be unilateral or bilateral, and typically presents at birth or in early childhood. Vestibular symptoms have been reported in up to 50% of affected individuals, and may be delayed in onset until adulthood. The details of nystagmus in patients with EVA have not been previously reported. The objectives were to describe the clinical history, vestibular test findings and nystagmus seen in a case series of patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct anomaly. Chart review, included computed tomography temporal bones, infrared nystagmography with positional and positioning testing, caloric testing, rotary chair and vibration testing. Clinical history and nystagmus varied among the five patients in this series. All patients were initially presumed to have benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, but repositioning treatments were not effective, prompting referral, further testing and evaluation. In three patients with longstanding vestibular complaints, positional nystagmus was consistently present. One patient had distinct recurrent severe episodes of positional nystagmus. Nystagmus was unidirectional and horizontal. In one case horizontal nystagmus was consistently reproducible with seated head turn to the affected side, and reached 48 d/s. Nystagmus associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct is often positional, and can be confused with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Unexplained vestibular symptoms in patients with unilateral or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss should prompt diagnostic consideration of EVA.
Aging and Health - A system biology perspective
Authors: Monti Manuela
Published: March 2015

We have been recently told by The United Nations Population Division (an international institute that carries out two-yearly assessment of population age-structure, available at: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/ageing/index.shtml) that the demographic structure of the world populations will drastically change by 2050....
Left Ventricular Involvement in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy – A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Ghannudi Soraya El , Nghiem Anthony , Germain Philippe , Jeung Mi-Young , Gangi Afshin , Roy Catherine
Published: March 2015

Background

Few studies evaluated left ventricular (LV) involvement in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, clinical presentation, and pattern of LV involvement in ARVD/C (LV-ARVD/C).

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in 202 patients referred between 2008 and 2012 to our institution, and we determined the presence or the absence of CMR criteria in the revised task force criteria 2010 for the diagnosis of ARVD/C. A total of 21 patients were diagnosed with ARVD/C according to the revised task force criteria 2010. All included patients had no previous history of myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, or any other cardiac disease that could interfere with the interpretations of structural abnormalities. The LV involvement in ARVD/C was defined by the presence of one or more of the following criteria: LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV; >95 mL/m2), LV ejection fraction (LVEF; <55%), LV late enhancement of gadolinium (LVLE) in a non-ischemic pattern, and LV wall motion abnormalities (WMAs). In the follow-up for the occurrence of cardiac death, ventricular tachycardia (VT) was obtained at a mean of 31 ± 20.6 months.

Results

A total of 21 patients had ARVD/C. The median age was 48 (33-63) years. In all, 11 patients (52.4%) had LV-ARVD/C. The demographic characteristics of patients with or without LV were similar. There was a higher frequency of left bundle-branch block (LBBB) VT morphology in ARVD/C ( P = 0.04). In CMR, regional WMAs of right ventricle (RV) and RV ejection fraction (RVEF; <45%) were strongly correlated with LV-WMAs ( r = 0.72, P = 0.02, r = 0.75, P = 0.02, respectively). RV late enhancement of gadolinium (RVLE) was associated with LV-WMs and LVLE ( r = 0.7, P = 0.03; r = 0.8, P = 0.006). LVLE was associated with LV-WMAs, LVEF, and LVEDV ( r = 0.9, P = 0.001; r = 0.8, P = 0.001; r = 0.8, P = 0.01).

Conclusion

LV involvement in ARVD/C is common and frequently associated with moderate to severe right ventricular (RV) abnormalities. The impact of LV involvement in ARVD/C on the prognosis needs further investigations.