bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subacute physeal abscess: case report to illustrate treatment with a minimally invasive incision and drainage technique
Authors: Shah TT , Chin KF , Noorani A , Nairn D
Published: March 2012

Introduction

Brodie’s abscess is a form of subacute osteomyelitis characterised by a low grade pyogenic abscess found most commonly in the metaphysis. One rare form found in children crosses the physeal growth plate and into the epiphysis. Due to the rarity of this subtype and apprehension associated with treatment of the transphyseal abscess, no clear guidance exists on its management.

Case History

We present a case of delayed diagnosis of Brodie’s abscess crossing the physis in a 14-year-old boy. He gave a one-year history of pain in the right knee and early x-rays had shown lucent areas in the tibia. However, these were only noted to be significant at presentation one year later. We also describe an improvised minimally invasive and atraumatic technique of modifying a laminar suction catheter for accessing and draining the abscess.

Conclusions

From our experience and reports in the literature it is clear that antibiotic treatment is generally advocated with varying degrees of surgical intervention. Outcomes are largely favourable. Nevertheless, initial drainage allows samples to be sent for microbiological and histological assessment to aid subsequent management and may prevent subsequent leg length discrepancy from failed conservative treatment. We believe that management of a transphyseal abscess must include early drainage and a prolonged course of antibiotics. The antibiotic choice and duration will be governed by culture results and local policy but is commonly given for up to six weeks in the literature and must include one antistaphylococcal drug.
Electrosurgery ignition of a pneumoperitoneum secondary to prior spontaneous perforation of the small bowel: a cautionary tale
Authors: Thomas GP , Willson PD
Published: March 2012

We describe explosive combustion of a gas filled peritoneum from a handheld electrosurgery electrode used to enter the abdomen. The pneumoperitoneum was due to small bowel perforation and peritonitis had been established for at least two days. No injury was caused to either the patient or medical staff. This rare occurrence has only been described once before. Surgeons should be aware of the possible combustion of bowel gas, whether on opening bowel or the peritoneum after bowel perforation.
Gastrojejunostomy: a potential hazard to the surgeon
Authors: Birdi R , John SKP , French JJ
Published: March 2012

This case report highlights the potential hazard of emergency operating of an obstructed hollow viscus in the era of World Health Organization checklists.
Screening mammogram microcalcification due to basal cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Cooper RS , Eade E , Nisbet AP , Allardice JT
Published: March 2012

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin malignancy worldwide, typically presenting as a pearly or translucent papule. Histologically, approximately 21% contain areas of microcalcification. We report a case of a woman presenting with microcalcification on screening mammography that was suspicious. Repeated core biopsies did not obtain microcalcification, and a diagnostic excision of breast tissue and overlying skin revealed an intradermal basal cell carcinoma containing the microcalcification. No breast malignancy was present. We believe this is the second such reported case in the literature and the first to be reported in Europe.
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the oesophagus: an unusual case of dysphagia
Authors: Crighton E , Botha A
Published: March 2012

We report the case of a 58-year-old woman presenting with dysphagia secondary to an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm arising from a heterotopic pancreas in the oesophageal wall. This was successfully treated with a laparoscopic/thoracoscopic ivor Lewis oesophagectomy. Dysphagia is the most common symptom of oesophageal tumours regardless of aetiology of the tumour and can be treated successfully with surgical resection. Through an extensive search of the literature, we found that a heterotopic pancreas in the oesophagus is extremely rare with only ten cases being reported. We describe what we believe to be the first case of a heterotopic pancreas in the oesophagus transforming into an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.
Abdominal pain and two x-rays: spot the difference
Authors: Rajković Z , Papeš D , Altarac S , Arslani N
Published: March 2012

We present two patients with air found in the right upper quadrant on standard abdominal x-ray. One was diagnosed with pneumobilia and underwent elective surgery for a bilioenteric fistula. The other was diagnosed with portal vein gas and underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy at which a superior mesenteric artery embolism was found. The differential diagnostic criteria for pneumobilia and portal vein gas are described. If portal venous gas is found on x-ray in patients with abdominal pain, it is recommended that management is aggressive, meaning an emergency exploratory laparotomy, because mortality in such cases is approximately 75%.
Proximal anterior cruciate ligament avulsion treated with TightRope® fixation device
Authors: Wardle NS , Haddad FS
Published: March 2012

Anterior cruciate ligament injury is an uncommon finding in children but when it does occur it is usually a result of tibial avulsion or, less commonly, a midsubstance tear. It is generally agreed that surgical fixation is a necessity. We present a case of proximal anterior cruciate ligament avulsion and a new method of fixation.
Total preservation of patency and valve function after percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombolysis using the Trellis®-8 system for an acute, extensive deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Wormald JR , Lane TRA , Herbert PE , Ellis M , Burfitt NJ , Franklin IJ
Published: March 2012

Pharmacomechanical thrombolysis is being used increasingly for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and aims to reduce the severity of post-thrombotic syndrome. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with extensive lower limb DVT that was treated using pharmacomechanical thrombolysis leading to complete recovery of her deep venous system. The prompt use of pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for the acute management of extensive DVT should be considered when treating patients with extensive DVT in order to facilitate return of normal function.
Comparing the Estimated and Actual Cost of Disposable Surgical Equipment
Authors: Vasudev P , Lowe R , Maxwell-Armstrong C
Published: March 2012

In the current financial climate the NHS faces budget cuts. A good knowledge of the costs of the equipment used in theatres will allow more cost-efficient allocation of resources. The equipment used is dependent on the consultant surgeon leading the operation, with individual surgeons having their own preferences. For the efficient running of a department one would assume that the surgeons would have a working knowledge of the cost of equipment. This study looked at the awareness of surgeons of the cost of disposable equipment. It aimed to highlight the difference between the estimated and actual cost of disposable items, providing feedback to the surgeons so they become more aware of the real cost of their choices in order to help optimise use of equipment. This will hopefully lead to more cost-effective theatres.
An Algorithm Allowing Preservation of the On-Call Working Pattern for Post-EWTR Specialist Trainees
Authors: Haliasos N , Prezerakos G , Akram H , Shaw S , Brecknell J
Published: March 2012

The European WorkingTime Regulations (EWTR) came in to full effect for medical trainees in 2009 as a response to health and safety concerns regarding the long hours of work among the trainees and its implications for patient safety. This came as a more restrictive superimposition on a previous regulation of working patterns, the 'New Deal' that was implemented by 2003. The reduction of working hours imposed was met with concern throughout the NHS, especially among surgical specialties with regards to the impact on training and patient safety. Neurosurgery was no exception.
A remarkable surgical training opportunity in Nigeria
Authors: Vaughan-Huxley Eyston
Published: March 2012

Awojobi Clinic is a hospital deep in rural Nigeria. I visited for two weeks before starting my core surgical training in London, as part of a team led by Professor Andrew Kingsnorth from Derriford Hospital in Plymouth, representing the charity Operation Hernia, which aims to treat and teach groin hernia surgery in Africa.
e-Den enters final year of development
Authors: Brunton Paul
Published: March 2012

e-Den, the e-learning project for dentistry, is a comprehensive online learning resource available to all members of the dentistry team and free to those who study, train or work within the NHS in the UK. Based on the Dental foundation Programme curriculum, it currently consists of almost 175 short interactive learning episodes covering topics as wide-ranging as restorative dentistry, dental public health, orthodontics, human diseases, conscious sedation, professionalism and even the use of acupuncture in anxiety and pain control. Written and peer-reviewed by experts from around the UK, each e-learning session is packed with clinical images, animations and assessments, resulting in an extensive interactive library of dentistry for the on-the-go learner. The project has now been available for nearly 2 years and, with almost 12,000 users in the UK, has been enthusiastically received by all members of the dental team.
Your College needs you to exercise your vote
Authors: Bennett Alan
Published: March 2012

As a fellow or member of the RCS, you should by the end of february have received (by post and also by email) the details of those who are standing for election to Council this year, together with the associated instructions for casting your vote. Once again, we have a very strong field of candidates standing – 32 in number this time, all of whom are very well qualified to represent your views.
Consumers' perceptions of 'green': Why and how consumers use eco-fashion and green beauty products
Authors: Cervellon Marie-Cécile , Carey Lindsey
Published: March 2012

The market for green products is expanding worldwide in a variety of industries, such as food, fashion and cosmetics. However, there is little research about consumer behaviour regarding green fashion and beauty, or consumers' knowledge of green labels and certifications. This article
explores these issues through a qualitative research approach, using in-depth interviews and focus groups. Results suggest that consumers do not understand the meaning of all terms and labels used to describe and guarantee green products, such as, for example, eco-labels on organic cosmetics.
Regarding the motivation of consumers for consuming eco-fashion and green beauty products, protection of the environment is not a priority. Respondents' motives for purchasing these products appear to be egocentric and related to health. Also, such purchases constitute a 'license to sin':
they relieve the guilt of non-environmentally-friendly behaviors. Lastly, motivation for consuming eco-fashion is based on self-expression (mainly a North American motivation) and status display (mainly a continental European motivation). For several continental Europeans, purchasing green
products appears to be a new form of conspicuous consumption.
BOOK REPORTS
Authors: Hakim Catherine , Bat-Yaar Nurit , Myzelev Alla
Published: March 2012

Honey Money: The Power of Erotic Capital, Catherine Hakim, 2011 London: Allen Lane, (372 pp.), 978-1-846-14419-6 HB, £20Israel Fashion Art – 1948-2008, Nurit Bat-Yaar (2010) Tel Aviv: Resling. (442pp.), Danacode 585-358, Hardback, 149 Shekels (£25)Fashion,
Interior Design and the Contours of Modern Identity, Alla Myzelev and John Potvin (eds), (2010) Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, (266 pp.), ISBN 978-0-7546-6915-9, Hardback, $119.95, £65, http://www.ashgate.com/images/9780754669159.jpg, Website price: $107.96, £58.50
Transplanting Froebel into the present
Authors: Strauch-Nelson Wendy
Published: March 2012

Friedrich Froebel created the kindergarten and in doing so initiated a pedagogy rooted in creative self-activity that helped prepare the path for art education in schools. The purpose of this article is to look back at the lasting influence Froebel's principles have had on art education.
I will identify and examine six fundamental ideals that Froebel introduced. Next, I will compare these to the results of recent research in science fields that are dedicated to educational research. Special attention is then given to the issue of nature study in the context of recent literature
concerning the relationship of children and the natural world. Finally, I will present questions that may further the dialogue regarding the suitability of Froebel's philosophy for today.
Young people's encounters with museum collections: Expanding the range of contexts for art appreciation
Authors: Ishikawa Makoto
Published: March 2012

This article reports on attempts to expand the range of contexts for art appreciation through practical school–museum collaboration. Since various arts require various ways of being viewed, I encouraged opportunities for youngsters to encounter art in ways they had not previously
experienced in their classrooms. Focusing on contemporary art, photography and calligraphy, my students and I endeavoured to expand appreciation activities in terms of modern, contemporary and traditional art, by conducting a number of 'practice trials', four of which are considered in this
article. One example is the art project on the wider appreciation of calligraphy, which is taught in Japanese language class during compulsory education. Another lies in workshops involving art appreciation and creation with new and traditional media. It was clear to us that arranging art-making
as a part of art appreciation programmes helps to engage young people effectively, and also that innovative drawing techniques can be developed using both new media and traditional tools.
EXHIBITION REVIEW
Authors: Houghton Nicholas
Published: March 2012

2011 VENICE ART BIENNALE, GIARDINI, ARSENALE AND VARIOUS OTHER LOCATIONS AROUND VENICE
Msheireb Heart of Doha: An Alternative Approach to Urbanism in the Gulf Region
Authors: Law Rosanna , Underwood Kevin
Published: March 2012

The objective of this article is to highlight some of the challenges faced by emerging Gulf nation states in modernizing their cities. The Msheireb Heart of Doha Masterplan is used as an exemplar project to offer an alternative approach in urban planning and regeneration in the region.
The article describes how the challenges of land ownership, privatization, climate, social diversity and cultural relevance are dealt with in the masterplan, which seeks to create a modern Qatari homeland that is rooted in its local traditions and heritage. Towards the end of the article,
reflections and evaluations are examined to prompt further thoughts and discussions.
On ‘interface-plane scheme’ and symmetric grain boundaries
Authors: Morawiec Adam
Published: March 2012

Quantitative analysis of grain boundaries relies on proper boundary parameterizations. One of the approaches to identification of boundaries is the ‘interface-plane scheme’. A rigorous examination reveals that this approach is deficient. It is demonstrated that the ‘interface-plane scheme’ fails to satisfy necessary conditions for a parameterization. Moreover, the difference between boundaries symmetric in the conventional sense and those termed as symmetric in the ‘interface-plane scheme’ is clarified. Also the relationship of these boundaries to twist and tilt boundaries is analyzed. Revealing the unsuitability of the ‘interface-plane scheme’ for boundary parameterization and eliminating the confusion caused by the incompatible definitions of symmetric boundaries is of importance for the progress in analysis of homophase interfaces.
Elastic stiffness coefficients of thenardite and their pressure and temperature dependence
Authors: Arbeck Dirk , Haussühl Eiken , Vinograd Victor L. , Winkler Björn , Paulsen N. , Haussühl Siegfried , Milman Victor , Gale Julian D.
Published: March 2012

The elastic stiffness coefficients,cij, of orthorhombic Na2SO4thenardite (space group Fddd) were measäured with an ultrasonic plane wave technique at ambient temperature as a function of hydrostatic pressure in the range of 0.1–70 MPa. The variation of thecijin the range of 1–5000 MPa was studied with density functional theory (DFT) based calculations. The experimental results and the DFT calculations were used to derive a force-field model, which was then employed to compute lattice parameters and elastic stiffness tensors of thenardite and of two other Na2SO4polymorphs as functions of the temperature based on quasi-harmonic lattice dynamics. The structural parameters of the three polymorphs measured at high temperatures are reproduced to within 1.7% by the present calculations. Phases II (space groupPbnm) and III (Cmcm) appear to have significantly higher entropies than thenardite in agreement with their metastable formation at higher temperatures.
A Detailed Study of the Dehydration Process in Synthetic Strelkinite, Na[(UO2)(VO4)] · nH2O (n = 0, 1, 2)
Authors: Suleimanov Evgeny V. , Somov Nikolay V. , Chuprunov Evgeny V. , Mayatskikh Ekaterina F. , Depmeier Wulf , Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: March 2012

Synthetic strelkinite Na[(UO2)(VO4)] · nH2O (n = 0, 1, 2) was systematically investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction and thermoanalytical methods. The anhydrous form and two hydrates were isolated as single crystals and the structures of these phases solved: Na[(UO2)(VO4)], monoclinic, P21/c, a = 6.0205(1) Å, b = 8.3365(1) Å, c = 10.4164(2) Å, β = 100.466(2)°, V = 514.10(1) Å3, R
1 = 0.0337; Na[(UO2)(VO4)] · H2O, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 7.722(2) Å, b = 8.512(1) Å, c = 10.480(4) Å, β = 113.18(3)°, V = 633.3(3) Å3, R
1 = 0.1658; Na[(UO2)(VO4)] · 2 H2O, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 16.2399(5) Å, b = 8.2844(2) Å, c = 10.5011(2) Å, β = 97.644(2)°, V = 1400.24(6) Å3, R
1 = 0.0776. A possible mechanism of the structural transformation processes during dehydration is proposed based on the structures of the anhydrous phase and the hydrates.
Hydrates of the Alkali Trioxidomonosulfidomolybdates and -tungstates: K2[(Mo/W)O3S] · 1.5H2O and (Rb/Cs)2[(Mo/W)O3S] · H2O
Authors: Lehner Anna J. , Braitsch Milan , Röhr Caroline
Published: March 2012

The trioxidomonosulfidomolybdate and -tungstate anions [(Mo/W)O3S]2– are the first products formed when passing H2S gas through a solution of the oxidometalates. Their potassium, rubidium and cesium salt hydrates form as crystalline precipitates from these solutions depending on pH, the polarity of the solvent, educt concentrations and temperature. The structures of the sesqui- (K) and mono- (Rb, Cs) hydrates have been determined by means of X-ray single crystal diffraction data. The potassium sesquihydrates K2[(Mo/W)O3S] · 1.5H2O are isotypic and crystallize with a new structure type (monoäclinic, space group C2/c, M = Mo/W: a = 987.0(2)/993.13(11), b = 831.75(14)/831.10(11), c = 1868.9(4)/1865.2(2) pm, β = 99.34(2)/99.153(8)°, R1 = 0.0352/0.0390). In the crystal structure the [(Mo/W)O3S]2– anions are connected via hydrogen bonds to form columns along the c direction. Channels containing only water molecules run along the [101] direction. The dehydration process proceeds in a topotactic reaction between 60 to 95 °C and yields crystals of the anhydrous salts K2[(Mo/W)O3S]. The two different K+ cations exhibit a 5 + 3 and 5 + 2 O/S coordination. The heavier alkali metal cations form the four monohydrates (Rb/Cs)2[(Mo/W)O3S] · H2O (trigonal rhombohedral, space group R-3m) with lattice parameters for the Rb/Cs molybdates of a = 621.17(6)/624.62(10), c = 3377.9(4)/3388.6(8) pm (R1 = 0.0505/0.0734) and the tungstates of a = 642.80(3)/643.3(4), c = 3532.8(3)/3566(4) pm (R1 = 0.0348/0.0660). In the structures the 3m symmetrical tetrahedra are arranged to form double layers in such a way, that the O3 bases of the tetrahedra are pointing towards each other in a staggered conformation. These double layers are stacked in the c direction in a rhombohedral sequence. In these hydrates, there are no distinct hyrdogen bonds. Instead, partially disordered pairs of H2O molecules are situated in large cavities between the double layers. With a number of 10, the cation coordination sphere is increased compared to the K salts. The crystallographic results are confirmed by vibrational spectroscopy (Raman/IR) and thermal analytical studies of the new compounds.
Structure determination of [3Fe2S] complex with complicated pseudo-merohedric twinning
Authors: Liu Leifeng , Li Mingrun , Gao Weiming , Åkermark Björn , Sun Junliang
Published: March 2012

A route of solving crystal structures from complicated pseudo-merohedric twinning crystals was described. The structure of a [3Fe2S] complex was solved and refined in the space group of P42/n to R1 factor of 0.1789. Consequently, by deleting one of the two disordered groups in the structure, a space group of Aea2 for the absolute structure was found. The new absolute structure with four twinning components was refined to R1 about 0.1171. At the final stage, the disorder was again added to the structure. The structure in space group Aea2 with both twinning and disorder was refined to R1 of 0.0722, which implies the special structure feature.
Suppressor role of androgen receptor in proliferation of prostate basal epithelial and progenitor cells
Authors: Lee Soo Ok , Tian Jing , Huang Chiung-Kuei , Ma Zhifang , Lai Kuo-Pao , Hsiao HsiMin , Jiang Ming , Yeh Shuyuan , Chang Chawnshang
Published: March 2012

Early studies have reported the differential roles of androgen receptor (AR) in different types (luminal, basal intermediate, and stromal) of prostate cancer cells. In vivo mouse model tumor studies using the total prostate epithelial knockout mice (pes-ARKO) also revealed that AR played a suppressive role in proliferation of the CK5+/CK8+ progenitor/intermediate cells but a positive role in the CK5−/CK8+ luminal epithelial cells. Using three different resources (one human basal epithelial cell line, one mouse basal epithelial originated progenitor cell line, and a basal epithelium-specific ARKO mouse model), we here demonstrated that the AR in basal epithelial cells of normal prostate plays a suppressive role in their proliferation but a positive role in differentiation into luminal epithelial cells. These results led us to conclude that ARs may play a negative role to suppress CK5+ basal epithelial and progenitor cell proliferation, yet play an essential role to drive basal epithelial cells into more differentiated states. These results may explain why differential AR expression in different cell types within normal prostate is needed and suggest that ARs in prostate basal epithelial cells, although expressed at a very low level, are necessary to maintain the balance between progenitor cells and differentiated luminal epithelial cells.
Analgesic Effect of Breast Milk Versus Sucrose for Analgesia During Heel Lance in Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Simonse Eva , Mulder Paul G. H. , van Beek Ron H. T.
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this trial was to investigate whether breast milk (either breastfed or bottle-fed) has a better analgesic effect than sucrose in newborns born at a postmenstrual age between 32 and 37 weeks.

METHODS:

We conducted a randomized controlled trial at a secondary care neonatal unit in the Netherlands on 71 preterm neonates (postmenstrual age at birth 32–37 weeks), undergoing heel lance with an automated piercing device. Newborns were randomly assigned to breast milk (either breastfed or bottle-fed) administered during heel lance or oral sucrose administered before heel lance. We assessed the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) score (range, 0–21) to investigate whether there was a difference in pain score between neonates receiving breast milk and those receiving sucrose solution.

RESULTS:

There was no significant difference in mean PIPP score between neonates receiving breast milk (6.1) and those receiving sucrose (5.5), with a mean difference of 0.6 (95% confidence interval −1.6 to 2.8; P = .58).

CONCLUSIONS:

From this study, it cannot be concluded that breast milk has a better analgesic effect than sucrose in late preterm infants. From the results, it follows with 95% confidence that the analgesic effect of breast milk is not >1.6 points better and not > 2.8 points worse on the PIPP scale (SD 3.7) than the analgesic effect of sucrose in late preterm infants.
Clinic-Integrated Behavioral Intervention for Families of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nansel Tonja R. , Iannotti Ronald J. , Liu Aiyi
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To test the effect on diabetes management outcomes of a low-intensity, clinic-integrated behavioral intervention for families of youth with type 1 diabetes.

METHODS:

Families (n = 390) obtaining care for type 1 diabetes participated in a 2-year randomized clinical trial of a clinic-integrated behavioral intervention designed to improve family diabetes management practices. Measurement of hemoglobin A1c, the primary outcome, was obtained at each clinic visit and analyzed centrally. Blood glucose meter data were downloaded at each visit. Adherence was assessed by using a semistructured interview at baseline, mid-study, and follow-up. Analyses included 2-sample t tests at predefined time intervals and mixed-effect linear-quadratic models to assess for difference in change in outcomes across the study duration.

RESULTS:

A significant overall intervention effect on change in glycemic control from baseline was observed at the 24-month interval (P = .03). The mixed-effect model showed a significant intervention by age interaction (P < .001). Among participants aged 12 to 14, a significant effect on glycemic control was observed (P = .009 for change from baseline to 24-month interval; P = .035 for mixed-effect model across study duration), but there was no effect among those aged 9 to 11. There was no intervention effect on child or parent report of adherence; however, associations of change in adherence with change in glycemic control were weak.

CONCLUSIONS:

This clinic-integrated behavioral intervention was effective in preventing the deterioration in glycemic control evident during adolescence, offering a potential model for integrating medical and behavioral sciences in clinical care.
Possibilities of behavioral therapy in diabetes mellitus and obesity
Authors: Sal István , Papp Ildikó , Perczel Forintos Dóra
Published: March 2012

Being aware of the worldwide spread of diabetes and obesity as well as its economic effects, the authors discuss the complex, behavior remediational methods of the treatment and its current questions. They ephasize the role of chronic stress in the etiopatogenesis of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. All these require a shift of paradigm in the field of treatment too. Based on literature data and on their own practical experience, the authors consider that behavior remediational can integrate two, sometimes still opposing medical philosophical views in order to foster the efficiency of medical work. They review elements of behavior remediation of diabetes, underlining self-management, acceptance of the illness, and motivationn which can be followed by teaching theoretical and practical knowledge, the ongoing diabetes education. Comorbid psychological disorders impede these processes; their early recognition and complex treatment are essential. The authors present a cognitive, behavior remediational programme of weight loss, that can be used in pracise, both in prevention and treament of diabetes. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 410–417.
Raynaud’s syndrome, 2011
Authors: Takáts Alajos , Garai Ildikó , Papp Gábor , Hevér Tímea , Csiki Emese , András Csilla , Csiki Zoltán
Published: March 2012

Raynaud’s phenomenon is characterized by intense vasospasm of the digital arteries on cold exposure or emotional stress, leading to well-defined colour changes in the skin of the fingers. Behind the clinical manifestations, there is an imbalance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator factors. It may be primary or secondary to an underlying condition, including autoimmune diseases. Physical examination, nail fold capillaroscopy and immunological tests can differentiate primary forms from secondary ones. The treatment is based on preventing exposure to cold, emotional stress and the administration of certain drugs and, if attacks are present, vasodilators, prostaglandin analogues and anticoagulants may be given. This review focuses on the characteristics of Raynaud’s phenomenon and the available diagnostic and therapeutic options. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 403–409.
Influence of the Electron Blocking Layer on the Performance of Multilayer White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Weichsel Caroline , Reineke Sebastian , Lüssem Björn , Leo Karl
Published: March 2012

The effect of the electron blocking layer on the performance of white organic light-emitting diodes is studied. A variation of the material influences not only the carrier transport, but also the light distribution from the different emitters. Highest external quantum efficiency is reached for the material with the worst electrical properties, while highest luminous efficacy is obtained for the material with the best transport characteristics.
Raman Spectroscopy on Individual Identified Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Parret R. , Levshov D. , Than T. X. , Nakabayashi D. , Michel T. , Paillet M. , Arenal R. , Popov V. N. , Jourdain V. , Yuzyuk Yu. I. , Zahab A. A. , Sauvajol J.-L.
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we discuss the low-frequency range of the Raman spectrum of individual suspended index-identified single-walled (SWCNTs) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). In SWCNTs, the role of environment on the radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency is discussed. We show that the interaction between the surrounding air and the nanotube does not induce a RBM upshift. In several DWCNTs, we evidence that the low-frequency modes cannot be connected to the RBM of each related layer. We discuss this result in terms of mechanical coupling between the layers which results in collective radial breathing-like modes. The mechanical coupling qualitatively explains the observation of Raman lines of radial breathing-like modes, whenever only one of the layers is in resonance with the incident laser energy.
Characterizations of PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT Organic Anodes
Authors: Banoukepa G.D.R. , Ichikawa M. , Antony R. , Dutreilh-Colas M. , Ratier B.
Published: March 2012

Our works have been concentred on the characterization of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites films in order to obtain a new easy processing anode for organic device. The morphology and charge transport in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (4-styrenesulfonate) / SWCNT thin layers was investigated. PEDOT:PSS polymer acts as host material and an excellent dispersion of metallic single wall carbon nanotube (m-SWCNT) can be achieved enhancing the polymer’s electrical properties. The PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT films are prepared on glass substrates using spin coating method. Raman spectroscopy has been used to observe the surface states of PEDOT: PSS/SWCNT films and to realize Raman mapping that allow determining the homogeneity of the SWCNT dispersion into the films. Optical and electrical characterizations (sheet resistance, conductivity) of the films are also presented.
Development of novel bioelectrocatalytic platform based on in situ generated gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Pandey Prem C. , Chauhan Dheeraj S.
Published: March 2012

Gold nanoparticles (AuNp) formed using alkoxysilane precursors are utilized in the development of thin organically modified silicates (ormosil) films. The resulting films are optically transparent thereby retaining the optical properties of AuNp. Surface morphology shows that the in situ generated AuNp retained their nanogeometry in the ormosil films. An application of the AuNp encapsulated ormosils is shown in electrocatalytic determination of hydrogen peroxide. For this purpose, potassium ferricyanide is chosen as electron transfer mediator and is encapsulated in the films. Results show that the presence of AuNp in the ormosil matrix dramatically improves the electrochemical behavior of potassium ferricyanide. The ormosil films are utilized for electrocatalytic determination of hydrogen peroxide. In order to investigate the biocompatibility of the ormosil film, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is incorporated resulting in improvement in oxidation and reduction of peroxide.
Desempenho e coeficiente intestinal de alevinos puros e híbridos de pintados em condicionamento alimentar
Authors: Barbosa Osvaldo Nunes , Raizer Josué , Gonda Mario Fabiano , Silva Jesiel Mamedes
Published: March 2012

Avaliou-se neste estudo o desempenho de alevinos de pintado puros Pseudoplatystoma corruscans e híbridos em treinamento alimentar. O coeficiente intestinal (CI = comprimento do intestino/comprimento total do animal) foi relacionado à massa e ao volume e comparado por meio de análise de variância multivariada e de componentes principais. Conforme a rotina da estação de piscicultura, a duração do condicionamento alimentar é de aproximadamente 60 dias, quando os animais são condicionados a alimentação com ração seca extrusada durante a fase clara do dia. Foram coletados cerca de 100 animais por grupo nas etapas inicial, intermediária e final. No início, os animais receberam coração bovino triturado e gradativamente foi adicionada ração moída até a aceitação de ração seca extrusada ao final. Os crescimentos em extensão e volume corporais dependeram da velocidade de crescimento intestinal. O intestino e a velocidade de adaptação do intestino são maiores nos animais híbridos, o que está associado ao melhor desempenho desses animais.
Role of Solid Model Simulation Surgery for Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Ogata Hisao , Nakajima Hideo , Kishi Kazuo , Sakamoto Teruo , Ishii Takenobu
Published: March 2012

Distraction osteogenesis is now a standard procedure for hemifacial microsomia, and various methods have been described. However, it is sometimes difficult to obtain the horizontal occlusal plane and facial symmetry. This brief communication describes and discusses the usefulness of solid model simulation surgery for hemifacial microsomia.
News: New research published on lessons from historical dam incidents
Authors: Warren Alan
Published: March 2012

New research has been published by the Environment Agency which reviews historical dam incidents and considers the lessons to be learned. This article provides an overview of the research report which is now freely available on the Agency website.
Technical visit: Abberton Reservoir raising, 19 October 2011
Authors: Claydon Jim
Published: March 2012

On19 October 2011 a party of BDS members visited the site of the Abberton dam, just south of Colchester in Essex which is being raised as part of the Abberton Reservoir expansion project. The project increases the yield of the reservoir by 50% and includes pumping stations and pipelines off the site, which are substantially complete and were not visited.
Neighborhood and habitat effects on vital rates: expansion of the Barred Owl in the Oregon Coast Ranges
Authors: Yackulic Charles B. , Reid Janice , Davis Raymond , Hines James E. , Nichols James D. , Forsman Eric
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we modify dynamic occupancy models developed for detection‐nondetection data to allow for the dependence of local vital rates on neighborhood occupancy, where neighborhood is defined very flexibly. Such dependence of occupancy dynamics on the status of a relevant neighborhood is pervasive, yet frequently ignored. Our framework permits joint inference about the importance of neighborhood effects and habitat covariates in determining colonization and extinction rates. Our specific motivation is the recent expansion of the Barred Owl (Strix varia) in western Oregon, USA, over the period 1990–2010. Because the focal period was one of dramatic range expansion and local population increase, the use of models that incorporate regional occupancy (sources of colonists) as determinants of dynamic rate parameters is especially appropriate.

We began our analysis of 21 years of Barred Owl presence/nondetection data in the Tyee Density Study Area (TDSA) by testing a suite of six models that varied only in the covariates included in the modeling of detection probability. We then tested whether models that used regional occupancy as a covariate for colonization and extinction outperformed models with constant or year‐specific colonization or extinction rates. Finally we tested whether habitat covariates improved the AIC of our models, focusing on which habitat covariates performed best, and whether the signs of habitat effects are consistent with a priori hypotheses.

We conclude that all covariates used to model detection probability lead to improved AIC, that regional occupancy influences colonization and extinction rates, and that habitat plays an important role in determining extinction and colonization rates. As occupancy increases from low levels toward equilibrium, colonization increases and extinction decreases, presumably because there are more and more dispersing juveniles. While both rates are affected, colonization increases more than extinction decreases. Colonization is higher and extinction is lower in survey polygons with more riparian forest. The effects of riparian forest on extinction rates are greater than on colonization rates. Model results have implications for management of the invading Barred Owl, both through habitat alteration and removal.
The Mosasaur collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris
Authors: Bardet Nathalie
Published: March 2012

Taking advantage of the venue in Paris of the Third Mosasaur Meeting (May 2010), the mosasaur collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) have been entirely checked and revised. The French holotypes have all been restored and most specimens kept at the MNHN have been placed in the Paleontology Gallery as part as a small exhibition organized especially for the meeting. The MNHN mosasaur collections include specimens from the 18th, 19th and 20th century from France, The Netherlands, Belgium, the United States of America, Morocco, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Niger. Most of the mosasaur specimens discovered in France – including most holotypes – are kept in Paris. Besides the French types, the MNHN collections include several important historical specimens from abroad, the most famous being undoubtedly the Cuvier’s ‘Grand Animal Fossile des Carrières de Maestricht’, type specimen of Mosasaurus hoffmanniMantell, 1829, recognized as the first mosasaur to be named. This work aims to briefly present most of these specimens, with special focus on those found in France. The MNHN mosasaurid collections as a whole reflects the development of palaeontological researches in this Institution, from its foundation at the end of the 18th century up to the present time.
The mosasaurs (Squamata, Mosasauridae) of the Garcet Collection
Authors: Cornelissen Dirk , Verding Louis , Schulp Anne S. , Jagt John W.M.
Published: March 2012

Robert Garcet (April 12, 1912 – December 26, 2001) amassed a remarkable collection of mosasaur fossils from upper Maastrichtian strata in the Eben Emael-Lava area (Liège, Belgium), just south of the type section of the Maastrichtian Stage at the St Pietersberg (Maastricht, the Netherlands). His small-scale, non-mechanised quarrying activities permitted the recovery of numerous articulated vertebrate fossils. Garcet’s quarries were situated at a deeper level than most of the current, large-scale excavations in the area. This explains why material of Mosasaurus hoffmanni contained in his collections enables an extension of the known range of that species on the basis of articulated, unequivocally identified specimens, to comprise the last c. 2,3 m.y. of the Cretaceous.
Advanced PreDrill Simulations for Safer and More Cost-effective Drilling
Authors: Sui Dan , Gulsrud Thor O. , Kristoffersen Espen
Published: March 2012

This paper describes an advanced technical method for the evaluation of planned drilling operations with respect to predictions of key drilling parameters, such as Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), temperature, pore pressure, wellbore stability and torque & drag. By utilizing an automatic supervision and decision support system through analyzing the dynamic predictions of drilling parameters, the methodology will reduce the potential of drilling hazards, such as kicks, wellbore instability, stuck pipe and lost circulation. This will contribute to increased safety margins, reduced risks and reduced drilling nonproductive time (NPT) costs. The performance of the methodology is demonstrated using real-world data from a North Sea well. Experiences from the PreDrill system will be summarized and presented.
Multiple Criteria Casing Seat Selection Method
Authors: Aadnoy Bernt S. , Kaarstad Eirik , Belayneh Mesfin
Published: March 2012

Well integrity has become an important subject in recent years. It implies that one or two well barriers must be in place at all times in a well. The casing represents a central part of the barriers. A number of elements are involved in the selection of the depth of a casing. These elements relate to pore pressure, geomechanics and well control. However, these elements are evaluated separately in the well design process.

The paper presents a new integrated method for selection of casing seat locations that includes 1) the fundamental gas filled casing criterion, 2) the minimum mud weight to drill next section, 3) the kick margin, 4) the riser margin, 5) assessment of the weak point in the well and 6) the tubing leak criterion for the production casing. The weak point criterion compares casing shoe strength with burst strength below the wellhead. The objective is to avoid failures below the wellhead, and to ensure that the casing shoe represents the weak point in the well.

All these criteria are defined and integrated into a generalized casing depth model. Here the casing depth is chosen by deciding on acceptable kick margins and casing qualities. The model is ideal for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis as all 6 criteria are satisfied for the solutions chosen, and it is valid both for vertical wells and deviated wells. Examples are included in the paper.

This new method is considered one step towards a more systematic approach to ensure well integrity, and also as a tool to optimize casing type-casing depth.
Building an Automated Drilling System Where Surface Machines are Controlled by Downhole and Surface Data to Optimize the Well Construction Process
Authors: Pink Tony , Bruce Andrew , Kverneland Hege , Applewhite Brad
Published: March 2012

This paper discusses the market analysis, system architecture and specifications which went into designing a new automated drilling system and the subsequent building of that system. After substantial industry research, it was decided that an automated drilling system was needed in order to improve operational safety whilst drilling a faster and better well, at the same time, satisfying the following criteria:- –the control system needs to be the same on every type of drilling rig–it should have an open architecture, both downhole and on the surface–it should be economically viable in the low cost unconventional drilling market–be able to be run with minimal personnel–customer configurable, and–the design such that the rig surface equipment can be controlled in response to downhole data streamed up via any telemetry type (wired drill pipe, mud pulse, or electromagnetic EM).

As the data enters the new rig control system, it is prioritized and distributed to appropriate applications. The open architecture allows any party to create their own applications to control any specific part of the drilling process. An initial drilling optimization application is being developed which uses an advanced auto driller application, controlled by downhole data rather than surface data. Surface weight-on-bit, flow and RPM are rotations per minute optimized by utilizing down-hole weight on bit, torque and RPM.

Sophisticated applications will subsequently be developed for Vibration Management, Hole Cleaning, Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) Management, Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD), Kick Detection, Directional Drilling and Drilling Efficiency, and other criteria.

The significance of this project to the Oil and Gas industry is vast. It will allow an automated drilling system to deliver huge performance improvements to the well construction process, help fill the competency gap that exists in our industry, and will enable new downhole technologies and surface applications to be introduced much more rapidly.
Optimized Pumping Design Brings Expressive Cost Reduction for Offshore Openhole Gravel Pack Operations
Authors: de Magalhães J. V. , Leal R. A. , Ferreira M. V. , Martins A. L. , Santos R. P. , Calderon A. , e Silva D. N. , Simões B. C. , Miranda D. B. , Barbosa D. P. , Nunes M. J.
Published: March 2012

Sand control is a major issue for offshore unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, where any workover or production interruption event is associated with high costs. Horizontal well openhole gravel packs proved to be a very reliable strategy to prevent sand production in the prolific offshore Brazil fields. Over 250 operations were successfully performed in different critical scenarios, such as ultra deepwater wells, long horizontals, in the presence of shale interlayers, etc.

Pushed by the present fluctuations in oil production revenues and aware of the expressive costs related to gravel pumping operations, PETROBRAS started a broad R&D and field test strategy to reduce operational times and costs. This article details both aspects of the development, as follows: An unique flow loop test program developed as a technical cooperation agreement with HALLIBURTON, including real scale 8.5 in open hole and 12.25 in rat hole sections. Such tests allowed the validation of novel technology, pumping procedures and products including limit flow rates which avoid premature rat hole screen outs, low cost conventional and lightweight propants and high concentration slurry pumping.2. The learning curve of new pumping design strategies, and their associated cost reduction, in different offshore fields including Marlim Sul, Albacora Leste, Marlim Leste, Roncador, Jubarte and Golfinho fields. New strategies contemplate multiple alpha waves, multiple propants and high concentration slurry designs.
Performance Evaluation of a New Transient Two-Phase Flow Model
Authors: Li J. , Teixeira M. , Salim P. , Fan Y.
Published: March 2012

Transient gas-liquid flow is a common phenomenon in the drilling, workover and gas/oil production processes. Any change in the operating conditions at the inlet or outlet will introduce a transient response. Operations such as liquid unloading, under balanced drilling with gasified fluid, well control, cementing, hole cleaning, pipeline startup and blowout may never reach a steady state. In order to simulate the flow system, several transient two-phase flow simulators have been developed in the past. However, these models are based on the two-fluid model approach. They are complicated and time consuming to run since they treat the gas and liquid phase separately in terms of pressure, temperature and velocity.

In this paper a new transient two-phase flow model has been developed. In each time step, the two-phase flow regime, liquid holdup and pressure gradient are estimated with the empirical correlations which are well developed for the steadystate flow. A drift-flux equation was introduced to close the system. The model was validated against data collected from the public literature, field operations, and other transient software. Several field cases are used to illustrate the transient nature of pipeline production, underbalanced drilling (UBD), sand cleanout, and liquid unloading. The benefits of using the transient simulation for the operational design, training and job execution are also discussed.