bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico da escolarização no Brasil na perspectiva da exclusão escolar
Authors: FERRARO ALCEU RAVANELLO , ROSS STEVEN DUTT
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Este artigo é um estudo crítico da perspectiva da exclusão, que ganhou destaque especialmente nos anos de 1980 a 1990 e foi aplicada, tanto na França como no Brasil, em diagnósticos de escolarização, por noções como as de exclusão da escola, exclusão na escola e excluídos do interior. As análises desenvolvidas revelam que, em que pesem as limitações inerentes à noção de exclusão, de poder mais descritivo que explicativo, esta continua prestando-se para dimensionar os desafios ainda postos à universalização da escolarização básica. Com efeito, ressalvados os avanços obtidos desde 1980, o Brasil contava ainda, em 2010, com 3,2 milhões de crianças e adolescentes de 4 a 17 anos fora da escola (excluídos da escola) e outros sete milhões com dois ou mais anos de defasagem nos estudos (de excluídos na escola).
Características, percepciones y motivaciones de los estudiantes que ingresan a pedagogía en Chile: el caso de la Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins
Authors: REYES GERMÁN MORONG , PANTOJA EDGARDO MERINO , ARAYA ANA OLGA ARELLANO
Published: November 2017

RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo reunir antecedentes de los futuros(as) profesores(as) de Chile, sus motivaciones y percepciones del proceso educativo. A partir de la aplicación de un instrumento de indagación (encuesta) a los estudiantes de primer año de las cuatro pedagogías que imparte la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, pretendemos configurar un cuadro de análisis que integre dos dimensiones fundamentales; las motivaciones que los impulsaron a estudiar pedagogía y la visión que tienen del sistema educativo nacional. Desde esta perspectiva se tendrá una visión de primera fuente de los aspectos críticos del sistema, ya que como egresados de educación media, pueden aportar elementos que ayuden a proponer líneas de mejora del proceso de formación pedagógica.
Propuesta de marco conceptual para la democracia y la participación del alumnado en la escuela
Authors: GARCÍA-PÉREZ DANIEL , MONTERO IGNACIO
Published: November 2017

RESUMEN Este artículo teórico se centra en la elaboración de un marco conceptual para investigar los procesos de participación del alumnado. Apoyándonos en planteamientos de los modelos de democracia participativa y deliberativa, partimos de nuestra consideración de la democracia como una forma de vida, que en la escuela debe acompañarse de valores como la búsqueda del bien común, la pluralidad y la creación de una atmósfera de confianza. Definimos la participación del alumnado como un conjunto de procesos (diálogo, toma de decisiones y acción) por el que los alumnos se hacen protagonistas de la realidad que viven, siendo parte y tomando parte de la vida de los centros educativos. Analizamos la relación entre los tres procesos, para después plantear la pregunta de quién debe participar y finalmente señalamos algunas conclusiones sobre la propuesta.
Quality of Communication Questionnaire for COPD patients receiving palliative care: translation and cross-cultural adaptation for use in Brazil
Authors: Castanhel Flávia Del , Grosseman Suely
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate the Quality of Communication Questionnaire (QOC) to Portuguese and adapt it for use in Brazil in COPD patients receiving palliative care. Methods: After approval from the first author of the original QOC and the local research ethics committee, the original, 13-item version of the questionnaire was independently translated to Brazilian Portuguese by two Brazilian translators fluent in English. The two translations were analyzed by a bilingual physician and the two Brazilian translators, who reached a consensus and produced another Portuguese version of the QOC. That version was back-translated to English by two translators originally from English-speaking countries and fluent in Portuguese. In order to resolve any discrepancies, an expert panel compared the original version of the QOC with all five versions produced up to that point, the “prefinal” version of the QOC for use in Brazil being thus arrived at. A total of 32 patients admitted to any of three public hospital ICUs in the greater metropolitan area of Florianopolis, in southern Brazil, participated in the pretesting phase of the study, which was aimed at assessing the clarity and cultural acceptability of the prefinal version of the QOC for use in Brazil. Results: Mean patient age was 48.5 ± 18.8 years. Most of the items were well understood and accepted, being rated 8 or higher. One item, regarding death, was considered difficult to understand by the participants in the pretesting phase. After analyzing the back-translated version of the QOC, the first author of the original questionnaire requested that the items “Caring about you as a human being” and “Talking about what death might be like” be changed to “Caring about you as a person” and “Talking about how dying might be”, respectively. The final version of the QOC for use in Brazil was thus arrived at. Conclusions: The QOC was successfully translated to Portuguese and adapted for use in Brazil.
Human Parechovirus A real-time RT-PCR ["Nix assay"; 2008-2015] v3
Authors: M Mackay Ian
Published: November 2017

I and my team used this assaybetween 2008-2015; we dubbed it the "Nix assay". It targets the 5'UTR and employs quite degenerate oligos. In silico sequence alignments indicated the olignucleotides could theoretically detect aft least HPeV 1-7, 17 and 18. However during a period of assay comparison, another assay (see link below), the "Benschop assay" (J.Clin.Virol. 2008. 41(2):69-74), was found to producemore sigmoidal and higher curves and 1-5 cycle improvements to CT values when compared among the sample sampe extract set.
Human Parechovirus A conventional nested genotyping RT-PCR ["Harvala assay"; 2008-2015] v1
Authors: M Mackay Ian
Published: November 2017

I and my team used this assaybetween 2008-2015; we dubbed it the "Harvala assay". It produces an amplicon that includes the 3' end of VP3 and the 5' end of VP1, spanning the junction. In silicosequence alignments indicated the highly degenerate olignucleotides could theoretically detect af least HPeV 1-7, 17 and 18.
Reverse micellar extraction of recombinant cold-adapted AMS8 lipase v1
Authors: Nurfauziana Fatin , Shukuri Mohamad Ali Mohd. , Bakar Salleh Abu , Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. Rahman Raja
Published: November 2017

RME is one of the liquid-liquid extraction method using a surfactant and organic solvent to extract cold-adapted lipase AMS8.
Processing of English Sentences Consisting of Frequency Adverbs by Japanese EFL Learners
Authors: Kanduboda Prabath B.
Published: November 2017

Previous studies suggest that, adverbs can have comparatively free positioning to that of other parts of speech in English language. This study focused on frequency adverbs which represent number of occurrences of an action or a condition. Since different positioning may produce relatively different meaning (or focus) of given sentences, processing of such sentences is assumed to be complex especially for L2 learners. Therefore, this study investigated how L2 learners process English sentences consisting of adverbs in different positions. The main goal of this study is to reveal which information-structure is mostly identified among Japanese EFL learners. A sentence-correctness-decision task was conducted with a group of university students (n=30). Stimuli were selected via a free-production written task. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistics with repeated measures (i.e., ANOVAs). A simple comparison between alternative ordering showed that, the sentences consisting of adverbs in between-positioning were processed faster to that of initial-positioning, assumable due to the different information flow. Thus, according to this study, English sentences consisting of frequency adverbs with the between-positioning [S (A (VO))] is likely to possess a high acceptability among Japanese EFL learners to that of initial-positioning sentences [A (S (VO))].
The Impact of the CEFR on Teaching and Testing English in the Local Context
Authors: Bérešová Jana
Published: November 2017

The paper presents communicative language teaching and testing in Slovakia. In the late 1990s, Slovakia as many other Central and Eastern European countries being involved in piloting the first draft of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (2001) started the reform of the school-leaving examination to change the traditional approach of testing structural aspects of foreign languages. The reform was induced by foreign language teachers who were not satisfied with the imbalance between teaching and testing as using books published in Great Britain changed their attitude to teaching. Based on a long-term study, the author of the article will discuss problematic issues concerning the changes in teaching and testing, focusing on the impact of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and its model of language use. The article underlines the importance of being familiar with CEFR descriptors and illustrative samples in order to implement the CEFR effectively. The study reveals the extent to which the CEFR has generated change and how the framework might be further exploited to improve the effectiveness of teaching and testing English.
Cecimpedan: Semantic-cognitive Process on Balinese Children
Authors: Arnawa Nengah
Published: November 2017

Cecimpedan is a kind of riddle in Balinese language. Cecimpedan can be classified into two types, namely onomatope and associative cecimpedan. The classification is based on linear cognitive development with the linguistic competence of children. Onomatope cecimpedan is used by children who are in the preoperational cognitive developmental period whereas associative cecimpedan is used by children who are in formal operational period. The hierarchy of cognitive development motivates the difference of syntactic and semantic constructions within those two kinds of cecimpedan. The semantic process of onomatope cecimpedan involves the logic of inductive analogy that holds on the actual similarity between rhyme and sound resonance of a word. Rhyme and sound resonance are formed through abbreviation process by maintaining the final syllable of a word. It is in opposite with associative cecimpedan. This second type of cecimpedan was developed by using declarative analogy logic. It is constructed through lexical choices that can lead to semantic disparity. This semantic disparity becomes the core of associative cecimpedan. Therefore, each participant must be able to clarify the answer of associative cecimpedan logically and empirically.
An Empirical Study of Ecuadorian University EFL Learners’ Comprehension of English Idioms Using a Multimodal Teaching Approach
Authors: Freyn Amy L. , Gross Sandra
Published: November 2017

The present study investigated the effect of using a multimodal teaching approach toward teaching English idioms to Ecuadorian EFL students. The control group was taught 20 English idioms using a traditional teaching method and the experimental group was taught the same 20 English idioms using a multimodal teaching approach. An idiom comprehension quiz was administered to both groups with the experimental group scoring significantly higher than the control group. The study provides pedagogical suggestions on using a multimodal approach to teaching English idioms.
The Effectiveness of Jurisprudential Inquiry Learning Model in Developing the Students’ Competence in Writing Analytical Exposition Texts
Authors: Farikah Farikah
Published: November 2017

The purposes of this exploratory mixed method research are to describe the implementation of Jurisprudential Inquiry Learning Model in  developing  the students’ competence in writing analytical exposition texts and the students’ motivation in learning writing. The subject of this study is the fifth semester students of English Department of Tidar University in 2016/2017 academic year. This study  employed in-depth interviews, and on-site observation in collecting the data of the effectiveness of this model in developing the students’ motivation in learning writing. In addition to that, the writer used writing test of analytical exposition text to know the improvement of the students’ writing skill. Following Milles and Hubberman’s theory (1994: 10-11), the writer analyzed the qualitative data through data reduction, data display, conclusion and verification. For the quantitative data, the writer used descriptive statistics. The triangulation was employed in checking the validity of the data. The results show that the implementation of Jurisprudential Inquiry Learning Model is an effective way to develop the students’ motivation in learning writing. Besides, it develops the students’ competence in  writing analytical exposition text.
Effects of Lexical Simplification and Elaboration on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Learning and Retention of Phrasal Verbs
Authors: Ghorbanian Melika , Jabbarpoor Shadab
Published: November 2017

This study aimed at investigating the effect of lexical simplification and elaboration on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ learning and retention of phrasal verbs. In order to achieve this goal, a PET test was run into 130 learners. When target participants were chosen, they were assigned into three groups including two treatment groups and one control group. Through a multiple choice test, 40 out of 60 phrasal verbs were selected as target phrasal verbs. Through 8 sessions of treatment, each group received a reading comprehension text that contained 5 phrasal verbs. But the way the phrasal verbs in two experimental groups were modified was different. One of them received elaborated input and the other group received simplified input; meanwhile, the control group received unmodified input. After eight sessions of treatment, an immediate multiple choice test was administered to find out which techniques had stronger effect on participant’s learning and retention of phrasal verbs. After one month, the same test, with a different order of items, was administered as delayed posttest to check the participants’ level of retention.  According to the results of the study simplified input group significantly outperformed the control and elaborated group on both learning and retention of phrasal verbs.
The Effect of English Movies on College English Listening Teaching
Authors: Qiu Jiaosheng
Published: November 2017

It is commonly acknowledged that listening plays an important role in language learning. Researchers at home and abroad have been diligently pursuing various approaches on teaching listening to improve students’ listening proficiency. Among them, teaching English listening through movies is regarded as one of the effective ways to fulfill the need. However, most of the studies on teaching listening through English movies are theory recounting. What's more, researchers just consider the change of listening achievement in their experimental studies, almost pay no attention to anxiety and motivation, which are believed to be two important determinants of second language learning achievement. The present study explored the effects of utilizing English movies on teaching college English listening with considering anxiety, motivation and achievement.
A Cross-cultural Contrastive Analysis of Views on Friendship in Chinese and English Proverbs
Authors: Zhong Wenjun
Published: November 2017

By applying a contrastive analysis, this paper aims at presenting the differences of the views on friendship between China and Americans reflected in proverbs about friendship and friends under the guidance of Cultural Dimensions Theory. Differences are found in the acceptance of the hierarchy in human relations, expectations of loyalty and long-term commitments from friends, and inclination of independence. Power distance dimension, individualism versus collectivism dimension and long-term versus short-term orientation dimension are exploited to account for the differences.
On the Strategy to Enhance the Efficiency of the Cooperative Learning Method in the College English Teaching in China
Authors: Zhou Zhen
Published: November 2017

The cooperative learning, which is also called the collaborative learning, is one of the most important learning theories nowadays, which promotes learning cooperation between teacher and students, students and students. The cooperative learning method is a kind of teaching mode which takes students as the center and takes groups as the form. It changes the teaching mode and it is conducive to cultivating students' cooperative awareness and autonomous learning ability. The article first illustrates the connotation, theoretical base, and elements of cooperative learning method, then explains the four typical problems arising in the cooperative learning, and finally puts forward seven methods to cope with the problems in order to enhance the efficiency of the cooperative learning method.
The Seas in The Bible and (Early) Modern Literature—Robinson Crusoe, Moby Dick and The Life of Pi
Authors: Chen Delin
Published: November 2017

The connotations of religion and literature of the Bible have been greatly expressed by the image of water which contains multiple meanings and fickle qualities. There are lots of forms of water, such as the drop, vapor, river and ocean, presented in the British and American literary works. Although different forms of water in different works are endowed with all kinds of implications due to the writers’ unique creative backgrounds and purposes, they are based on the implications or symbolic meanings of the water in the Bible. This paper, based on the implications of the image of water in the Bible, by horizontal contrast and longitudinal comparison, is going to analyze the image of water in Robinson Crusoe, Moby Dick and The Life of Pi which contain similar psychology, religion concept and social problems with the Bible, and the symbolic meanings of image of water in (early) modern British and American literary works under the influence of the Bible is going to be explored.
Multi-objective green supply chain network optimization
Authors: Küçükoğlu Ilker , Öztürk Nursel
Published: November 2017

Abstract

 

In supply chain management, economical objectives have traditionally guided decisions of the supply chains. However, with increased global environmental and social concerns, in recent years, green aspects have been incorporated in supply chain decisions. These expansions lead to new research areas about green or sustainable supply chain management that includes applying various green practices in order to reduce negative impact on the environment or providing sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-objective optimization model for determining network design of the green supply chains. In multi-objective frame of the proposed model, total profit maximization and environmental impact minimization objectives are considered in order to obtain best network configuration for economic and environmental performance of the green chain. The proposed model is validated with numerical experiments. Obtained results showed that the model can be used as a strategic decision tool in problems with multi and conflicting objectives.

Keywords: green supply chain management, multi-objective modelling, network optimization.
Addressing the Social Determinants of Health through Academic-Community Partnerships
Authors: Borrell Luisa N.
Published: November 2017

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl1):273-276; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.273.
Impacting the Social Determinants of Health through a Regional Academic-Community Partnership: The Experience of the Mid-South Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center for Health Disparities Research
Authors: Fouad Mona N. , Wynn Theresa A. , Scribner Richard , Schoenberger Yu-Mei M. , Antoine-Lavigne Donna , Eady Sequoya , Anderson William A. , Bateman Lori Brand
Published: November 2017

Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe the background and experience of the Academic-Community Engagement (ACE) Core of the Mid-South Transdisci­plinary Collaborative Center for Health Disparities Research (Mid-South TCC) in impacting the social determinants of health through the establishment and implemen­tation of a regional academic-community partnership.

Conceptual Framework: The Mid-South TCC is informed by three strands of re­search: the social determinants of health, the socioecological model, and commu­nity-based participatory research (CBPR). Combined, these elements represent a science of engagement that has allowed us to use CBPR principles at a regional level to address the social determinants of health disparities.

Results: The ACE Core established state coalitions in each of our founding states— Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi—and an Expansion Coalition in Arkansas, Tennes­see, and Kentucky. The ACE Core funded and supported a diversity of 15 community engaged projects at each level of the socio­ecological model in our six partner states through our community coalitions.

Conclusion: Through our cross-discipline, cross-regional infrastructure developed strategically over time, and led by the ACE Core, the Mid-South TCC has established an extensive infrastructure for accomplishing our overarching goal of investigating the so­cial, economic, cultural, and environmental factors driving and sustaining health dispari­ties in obesity and chronic illnesses, and developing and implementing interventions to ameliorate such disparities.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl 1):277-286; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.277.
Farmers' Market Utilization among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Recipients in New Orleans, Louisiana: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Nuss Henry , Skizim Meg , Afaneh Hasheemah , Miele Lucio , Sothern Melinda
Published: November 2017

Objective: Farmers’ markets are increas­ingly being promoted as a means to provide fresh produce to poor and underserved communities. However, farmers’ market (FM) use remains low among low-income patrons. The purpose of our study was to examine FM awareness and use, grocery shopping behaviors, and internet use among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients.

Design: A descriptive analysis of preliminary data was performed to evaluate quantita­tive baseline data among SNAP recipients between June and August 2016 in New Or­leans, Louisiana (N=51). Data were collected via a 42-item online survey that included demographics, internet use, FM awareness and use, health information seeking behaviors and fruit and vegetable purchasing behaviors.

Results: Less than half of the survey respondents (n=24) had ever been to a FM. Local grocery stores and Wal-Mart were most used for purchasing fruits and vegetables (88% and 84%, respectively). The most common sources of healthy eat­ing information were Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the internet, frequently accessed via smartphones. More than 80% of participants were not aware that local FMs accepted electronic benefit transfer payments as a form of payment.

Conclusion: These results support the incorporation of promotional methodol­ogy that combines internet-based mobile technology and existing services (eg, WIC) as a viable strategy to improve farmers’ market use among low-income populations. As most participants were not aware that participating FMs accept electronic ben­efit transfer payments, this fact should be emphasized in promotional material.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl 1):295-302; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.295.
Translating the Birmingham Neighborhood Leaders Survey into Innovative Action through the Community Health Innovation Awards
Authors: Allen Shauntice , Pineda Alaina , Hood Anthony C. , Wakelee Jessica F.
Published: November 2017

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advance­ment of Teaching describes community engagement as the collaboration between higher education institutions and their larger communities (local, regional/state, national, global) for the mutually beneficial exchange of knowledge and resources in a context of partnership. This article describes the de­velopment, implementation and outcomes of a community-engaged grant-making program, the Community Health Innova­tion Awards (CHIA). The CHIA program was the by-product of a qualitative study jointly led by researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and neighborhood leaders from the surrounding communi­ties in Birmingham, AL. The competitive program provided funding to area organiza­tions that proposed creative solutions to on-the-ground health challenges. Since its inception, CHIA has awarded $356,500 to 26 innovative projects between 2012 and 2017. These awards have supported novel programs that have connected academic and community partners in addressing health disparities and improving overall community well-being in the greater Bir­mingham area.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl 1):313-320; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.313.
Policy, System and Environmental Correlates of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in a Low-Income African American Population in the Southeast
Authors: Bateman Lori Brand , O'Neal LaToya J. , Smith Theolishia , Li Yufeng , Wynn Theresa A. , Dai Chen , Fouad Mona N.
Published: November 2017

 Objective: The current study seeks to iden­tify policy, system and environmental (PSE) correlates of fruit and vegetable consump­tion among a sample of low-income African Americans in two counties in Alabama (Jefferson and Mobile) and one county in Mississippi (Forrest).

Design: A modified Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFFS) survey, which included multi-level ecological factors, was used to evaluate nutritional habits at the pre-intervention stage of a multi-state research study. We surveyed a total of 256 participants between May and August 2015. Local community coalitions established in each of the counties were instrumental in the planning and administration of the baseline survey.

Results: Univariate analyses revealed that whether participants met the daily recom­mendation for fruit/vegetable consumption may be correlated with whether participants had children who attended schools/day care centers with health policies in place, received food assistance, and observed me­dia campaigns related to nutrition. Further, results of multivariate analysis indicated that meeting fruit/vegetable recommendations was correlated with personally participating or having a family member who participated in a health policy meeting in the past two years.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that policy-based interventions have the po­tential to improve health outcomes among priority populations, such as low-income African Americans, who are at high risk of developing chronic diseases.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(Suppl 1):355-362; doi:10.18865/ed.27.S1.355.
Production-Pressure-Drawdown Management for Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale-Gas Formations
Authors: Mirani Ankit , Marongiu-Porcu Matteo , Wang HanYi , Enkababian Philippe
Published: November 2017

The development of unconventional shale-gas formations in North America with horizontal multifractured wells is mature enough to identify production malpractices and abnormal productivity declines generally observed within 18–24 months of initial production. The primary objective of this study is to address all known causes of these productivity declines and to develop a fully coupled geomechanical/flow simulation model to simulate these production conditions.

This model mimics the effect of depletion-induced in-situ stress variations on short-term and long-term productivity by taking into account several phenomena, such as stress-dependent matrix and natural-fracture permeability as well as reduction in hydraulic-fracture conductivity caused by proppant crushing, deformation, embedment, and fracture-face creep. Matrix-permeability evolutions, considering the conflicting effects of non-Darcy flow and compaction, have also been accounted for in this model. Numerical solutions for simplified hydraulic-fracture planar geometries are then obtained by use of a finite-element-method scheme.

A synthetic case was defined to investigate the effects of each individual phenomenon on short-term and long-term production. Results show that the combined effects of permeability alterations in matrix and natural fractures as well as conductivity losses in hydraulic fractures may result in substantial cumulative-gas-production loss. The model also reproduces familiar field-observed trends, with lower long-term production corresponding to higher drawdowns. This behavior is attributed to the stress-dependent evolution of reservoir permeability and hydraulic-fracture conductivity. The results show that ignoring the effects of any of the previous phenomena results in overestimation of ultimate recovery. Furthermore, it is shown that proper management of pressure drawdown and the penalty for lower initial production rates in unconventional shale-gas reservoirs can yield substantially higher ultimate recovery.

The model is fully versatile and allows modeling and characterization of all widely differing (on a petrophysical level) shale-gas formations as well as proppant materials used for the stimulation treatments. This integrated model can be used for optimization of key parameters during the hydraulic-fracture design, for fine tuning production history matching, and especially as a predictive tool for pressure-drawdown management.
Investigating Gas–Adsorption, Stress–Dependence, and Non–Darcy–Flow Effects on Gas Storage and Transfer in Nanopores by Use of Simplified Local Density Model
Authors: Pang Yu , Soliman Mohamed Y. , Sheng Jie
Published: November 2017

As an unconventional rock, shale contains all the features of coalbed and tight sandstone specified as gas-adsorption capacity, microscale and nanoscale porosity, and extremely low permeability. The gas-storage mechanism of shale rocks not only is dominated by free gas in macropores and natural fractures, but also is controlled by adsorbed gas in microporous organic matter (kerogen) and clay minerals. Furthermore, Darcy's law is no longer applicable to describe gas transport in nanopores (Javadpour 2009; Wu et al. 2015). Therefore, developing a reliable model to calculate effective porosity and permeability in nanopores considering the effects of gas adsorption, stress dependence, and non-Darcy flow is crucial to characterize properties of shale-gas reservoirs and explain gas-flow behavior in nanopores.

In this study, the simplified local density (SLD) model, which has been successfully applied to analyze gas adsorption on coal, activated carbon, and shale in recent studies, is used to analyze methane-adsorption data measured from five shale-core plugs in the laboratory (Mohammad et al. 2011; Chareonsuppanimit et al. 2012; Clarkson and Haghshenas 2016). A new approach to determine the thickness of adsorbed gas dependent on the density profile of the SLD model is proposed, which in turn provides the correction of methane adsorption to pore volume (PV). Furthermore, stress-dependence effect is incorporated into the gas-adsorption effect to generate an effective porosity function in shale rocks. In addition, non-Darcy-flow effect on gas transfer in nanopores is derived from the slit-shaped pore geometry of the SLD model and is represented by a weighted sum of second-order gas slippage and Knudsen diffusion. Consequently, the effective permeability is established as a function of the effects of gas adsorption, stress dependence, and non-Darcy flow. Moreover, the functions of effective porosity and permeability are incorporated into a numerical simulator to perform history matching for gas-production data from a horizontal well with multistage hydraulic fractures in a Barnett Shale reservoir. The simulation results properly match the gas-production data at the field scale. Finally, sensitivity studies on gas adsorption, stress dependence, and non-Darcy-flow effects are conducted to investigate their contributions to evaluating and estimating gas production from shale-gas reservoirs.

The results of this study suggest that gas adsorption and non-Darcy-flow effects are two competitive aspects that have major influences on shale-gas production. The developed model including gas-adsorption, stress-dependence, and non-Darcy-flow effects provides insight into the characterization of rock properties and the description of gas-transport behavior in shale-gas reservoirs.
Rigless Deployment of Innovative Electrical Submersible Pumping System for First Time Worldwide
Authors: Winarno Mulad B. , Said Rifat , Shawly Alaa S. , Mutairi Khaled M. , Rafie Majid M. , Roth Brian A. , Sarawaq Yahya
Published: November 2017

Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) is very popular artificial lift systems to boost oil production now days. Home ofmany ESP installations, with high frequency of change outs per year and with the harsh production environment, a development of ESP technologies to reduce change-out time and improve run life is keep ongoing. These technologies address business challenges timely in a proactive approach. Currently deployed ESPs require a time-consuming rig installation on jointed tubing. With several factors such as: an average run life of three years for ESPs, a rig-based change-out time of up to two weeks offshore, and an uncertainty of when a rig can be scheduled; the need for a more rapid rigless solution is critical for future operations.

Majority of the ESP installation are completed as part of tubing completion and deployed by drilling rig which requires high spending to recover the well during ESP replacement. Several types of technologies to deploy ESP rig-lessly were introduced into industry to optimize the retrieval and deployment cost during ESP replacement. Limited success story was recorded and open more thought to overcome the challenges.

The first worldwide new reliable cable rigless deployed electrical submersible pumping (ESP) system was successfully installed and put on production. What makes this system unique concept and the first worldwide of its kind are two main components. The first component is the innovative cable hanger design that insures total cable isolation while providing a non-restricted flow through the tubes that are built into the body of the spool. The second component is the specially designed and manufactured CT from selected material that has high resistance to H2S and CO2 and it was made exactly fit the ESP cable providing full protection from corrosive wellbore fluid. This design aimed to boost production of oil wells with lower ESPs installation and replacement cost. The new system eliminates the need for and expensive rig to replace the ESP and accelerate production restoration. This system will be a great addition especially for offshore environments where not only the rig intervention costs are expensive, but also limited rig availability can delay ESP replacement.

This paper will share the concept, design, field implementation planning and technical challenges, lesson learnt during preparation and installation of this first of kind system.
Microseismic Monitoring: A Tool for Evaluating Fracture Complexity in Various Geological Settings
Authors: Calvez J. Le , Hanson-Hedgecock S. , Fredd C. N
Published: November 2017

Understanding the created fracture geometry is key to the effectiveness of any stimulation program, as fracture surface area directly impacts production performance. Microseismic monitoring of hydraulic stimulations can provide in real-time extensive diagnostic information on fracture development and geometry. Thus, it can help with the immediate needs of optimizing the stimulation program for production performance and long-term concerns associated to field development. However, microseismic monitoring is often underutilized at the expense of productivity in the exploration and appraisal phases of a field.

Geology is a fundamental element in the design of a stimulation program and the interpretation of its results. Rock properties and geomechanics govern the achievable fracture geometry and influence the type of fluids to be injected in the formation and the pumping schedule. Rock layering controls the location of the monitoring device, guides the depth at which perforations should be located, and influences how hydrocarbons flow within the formation. Despite this importance, the impact geology may have on the stimulation results is often overlooked as it is all too common to see assumed laterally homogeneous formations, invariant stress field (both laterally and vertically), stimulated fractures having a symmetric planar geometry, etc.

As exploration and appraisal moves toward active tectonics areas (as opposed to relatively quiet passive margins and depositional basins), understanding the impact of complex geology and the stress field on fracture geometry is critical to optimizing stimulation treatments and establishing robust field development plans. Mapping of hypocenters detected using microseismic monitoring is an ideal tool to help understand near- and far-field fracture geometry. Additionally, moment tensor inversion performed on mapped hypocenters can contribute to understanding the rock failure mechanisms and help with evaluating asymmetric and complex fracture geometry. Understanding this fracture complexity helps address key uncertainties such as achievable fracture coverage of the reservoir.

We present the results of several hydraulic fracture stimulations in various geological environments that have been monitored using microseismic data. We illustrate with these case studies that in some rare cases, simple radial and planar fracture system (often mislabeled penny shape-like fracture) may be generated as predicted using simple modeling techniques. However, in most cases, the final fracture system geometry is complex and asymmetric, largely governed by stress, geologic discontinuities, rock fabric, etc. Understanding this impact and optimizing the well design to enhance productivity is key to evaluating reservoir potential and commercial viability during exploration and appraisal phases and for maximizing return on investment during development.
Green EOR Utilizing Well-Defined Nano-Cellulose Based Nano-Fluids from Flask to Field
Authors: Wei Bing , Li Qinzhi , Li Hao , Lu Laiming , Pu Wanfen
Published: November 2017

The environmental issues of the traditional oilfield chemistries are challenging the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) industry. Therefore, eco-friendly chemical EOR methods must be quickly developed. In this work, an abundant natural polymer on earth, nano-cellulose, was extracted from the plant-based materials and then introduced to EOR. On the basis of the original nano-cellulose, a series of surface-grafting were performed for the interest to make it more favorable for EOR application, thus generating the well-defined nano-cellulose based nano-fluids. The EOR related properties including morphology, thermal stability, rheology, etc., were first studied. The displacement responses of the nano-fluids were then collected. Thereafter, these nano-fluids were introduced to foam EOR as foam film stabilizers. The results showed that the nano-fluids exhibited superior thermal resistance, salt tolerance and viscoelastic properties after surface-grafting. As a result of the amphiphilic nature, the stabilities of surfactant foam in the absence and presence of crude oil were significantly improved by using the tested nano-fluids and 12% of incremental oil recovery was obtained in this stabilized foam flooding. When this nano-fluid was used alone to displace the oil in place, 6% of incremental oil recovery was produced after 0.4 PV nano-fluid slug was injected. The experimental findings obtained from this work promised the nano-cellulose based nano-fluids as green agents in chemical EOR.
Advances in Rigless Well Abandonment: Pathfinder to Enormous Economic Advantage
Authors: Singh Alok , Prakash Aditya , Kothiyal Manish , Sarma PJ , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: November 2017

The inevitable depletion of oil and gas reservoirs beyond economic viability requires Permanent Well Abandonment (PWA) as per the applicable regulations to isolate in perpetuity all freshwater and hydrocarbon (HC) bearing zones encountered in the well. It is an operation where significant investment is made with no financial return. Therefore, it is prudent to limit the economic impact while fulfilling abandonment objectives through improved tools and techniques such as rigless PWA.

While conducting abandonment utilizing a Rig is a standard practice, rigless PWA procedure is a non-routine operation with huge economic advantages. Its suitability must be assessed (defined by the regional practice/standard) and technical suitability (governed by well specific details).

This paper presents a review of global best practices and standards for rigless PWA and its comparison to the standards applicable to India. A case history of conducting PWA of a standalone onshore gas producer well is then presented. A review of the well details was conducted to as certain the well's suitability for rigless PWA. A detailed procedure and risk register was developed to evaluate candidates.

A rigless PWA spread primarily utilizes cementing, E-lineand and Slickline units. An innovative approach aimed at limiting the economic impact was adopted. The requirement for E-line was eliminatedby using Digital Slickline which combines the capabilities of Slickline and E-line. Rigless PWA was successfully executed on the well ‘X’, resulting in savings of about $1.5 mmas compared to rig based PWA. Utilizing DSL saved approximately ~ $200k over the rigless work with E-line.

The application of this rigless technique to the rest of the organization's aging wells, both onshore and offshore, has the potential for massive savings. In the shorter term, the application of rigless PWA of wellbore prior to side-track operations is being planned for upcoming offshore drilling campaigns. This should save ~ 0.5 mm USD/well ascompared tothe conventional approach of rig based PWA of the original wellbores.
High Alloyed Duplex Stainless Steel for Reliable Seawater Cooling
Authors: Höwing J. , Ghai B.
Published: November 2017

The hyper duplex grade UNS S32707 has, together with other duplex stainless steel grades, been tested in a model heat exchanger with chlorinated seawater on the tube side. The test periods have been 6 to 18 months with a maximum outer skin temperature of 170°C, giving an inner skin temperature of 95°C. The test results show that standard duplex of type 2205 andsuper duplex stainless steel of type 2507 develop pitting corrosion at an inner skin temperatures of 50°C and 70°C, respectively. The hyper duplex alloy S32707 does not show corrosion under any of the tested conditions. This shows that hyper duplex S32707 is a viable stainless steel option for demanding seawater cooler applications, being able to replace expensive nickel base alloys and titanium solutions.
Development and Application of a Modified Superheated Steam Flooding Assisted by N2 Foam and High-Temperature Resistant Gel
Authors: Anzhu Aut Xu , Longxin Mu , bing Bo , fachao Shan , Xingbo Li
Published: November 2017

Superheated steam has a smaller density and a larger specific volume than conventional saturated steam, and has a stronger override effect in heavy oil reservoir. As most of heavy oil reservoirs have strong heterogeneity because of high porosity and permeability. Therefore, the steam injection profiles vary greatly and vertical producing degree of reservoirs is very low. Nitrogen with a large compression coefficient, large volume coefficient, large expansion volume capacity, can feed the formation energy and acceleratively drive heavy oil efficiently. For another, the surfactant in the foam can reduce the oil-water mobility ratio. High temperature-resistant gel can seal steam breakthrough channel due to its high permeability. Nitrogen foam and gel flooding can increase the superheated steam swept volume, improve the effect of superheated steam flooding in heavy oil thermal recovery. The injection parameters of nitrogen foam and high-temperature resistant gel were systematically studied by numerical simulation combined with physical simulation method in this paper. Gel, foaming agent, nitrogen injection sequence and injection method determined the improvement degree of steam injection profile modification. The results showed that under the injection rate of foaming agent was 240m3/d, the daily injection of nitrogen was 2000m3/d, the total injection amount of foaming agent was 16,000m3 in early slug injection, the effect of thermal recovery was the best. Application of this technology in KMK heavy oil field can enhance heat insulation effect of wellbore, decreased thermal lost by 15.5%, modified superheated steam injection profile by 36.3%, increased vertical producing degree of the reservoirs to 65.8%, feed formation energy in high efficiency. The superheated steam injection profile modification method by N2 foam and gel shows great economic prospect as a way of plugging steam breakthrough channel, controlling steam override and enhancing heavy oil recovery.
Combined Investigation of Effects of Contact Stresses, Pore Size and Rotary Dynamics on Mud Plastering in Prevention of Lost Circulation in Weak Zones during Casing Drilling
Authors: Meza Oscar Grijalva , Yaqoob Tanveer , Bello Opeyemi , Boulakhrif Faissal , Holzmann Javier
Published: November 2017

While drilling with casing stands instead of the classic drill pipe (CwD), the reduced standoff between wellbore wall and the rotating, sliding and bending tubular plays a critical role by "crushing and hammering" the formation cuttings into the formation. This plastering effect has demonstrated to be not only beneficial to hinder the losses of drilling mud into the formation but also to improve wellbore stability and later productivity in terms of lower skin values.

Field trials have established that monitoring of cutting sizes accumulated on the shakers and their correlation to the formation pore sizes (through offset match or well tests) can be an effective approach to improvise on the mud particle size for effective particle bridging and formation sealing. To enhance the mitigation of CwD-induced losses and formation damage, however, the horizon of investigation has to be broadened to include the size of radial clearance, rotating speed (RPM) and pump hydraulics. Assuming the cutting and mud smearing to be the result of point contact forces altering the near-wellbore stresses (confining stresses), the above parameters cause a repeated but unsynchronized invasion of particles in the initial micro fractures created due to bit interaction. Depending on the RPM, radial clearance and the resulting induced lateral drillstring movement, the magnitude of the contact force / hoop stresses increases within the original fracture-gradient limits. This improves formation sealability and results in an altered (enhanced) pore- and fracture gradient in the near-wellbore region.

The paper discusses the effect of Geo-mechanical and mechanical aspects of Plastering during Casing Drilling in Weak or depleted wellbores. The experimental analyses incorporates the combined effect of the point contact-forces through base drilling parameters, alongside highlighting the approach for field mud particle-size improvisation. Altogether, a broader panorama concerning the contribution of Casing Drilling to Well Integrity has been presented, setting the path to further experimental work.