bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Sequence Type Distribution of Ureaplasma Species Isolated from Genital Samples in Switzerland
Authors: Schneider Sarah C. , Tinguely Regula , Droz Sara , Hilty Markus , Donà Valentina , Bodmer Thomas , Endimiani Andrea
Published: July 2015

Antibiotic resistance in
Ureaplasma urealyticum
/
Ureaplasma parvum
and
Mycoplasma hominis
is an issue of increasing importance. However, data regarding the susceptibility and, more importantly, the clonality of these organisms are limited. We analyzed 140 genital samples obtained in Bern, Switzerland, in 2014. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by using the Mycoplasma IST 2 kit and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. MICs for ciprofloxacin and azithromycin were obtained in broth microdilution assays. Clonality was analyzed with PCR-based subtyping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), whereas quinolone resistance and macrolide resistance were studied by sequencing
gyrA, gyrB
,
parC
, and
parE
genes, as well as 23S rRNA genes and genes encoding L4/L22 ribosomal proteins. A total of 103 samples were confirmed as positive for
U. urealyticum
/
U. parvum
, whereas 21 were positive for both
U. urealyticum
/
U. parvum
and
M. hominis
. According to the IST 2 kit, the rates of nonsusceptibility were highest for ciprofloxacin (19.4%) and ofloxacin (9.7%), whereas low rates were observed for clarithromycin (4.9%), erythromycin (1.9%), and azithromycin (1%). However, inconsistent results between microdilution and IST 2 kit assays were recorded. Various sequence types (STs) observed previously in China (ST1, ST2, ST4, ST9, ST22, and ST47), as well as eight novel lineages, were detected. Only some quinolone-resistant isolates had amino acid substitutions in ParC (Ser83Leu in
U. parvum
of serovar 6) and ParE (Val417Thr in
U. parvum
of serovar 1 and the novel Thr417Val substitution in
U. urealyticum
). Isolates with mutations in 23S rRNA or substitutions in L4/L22 were not detected. This is the first study analyzing the susceptibility of
U. urealyticum
/
U. parvum
isolates in Switzerland and the clonality outside China. Resistance rates were low compared to those in other countries. We hypothesize that some hyperepidemic STs spread worldwide via sexual intercourse. Large combined microbiological and clinical studies should address this important issue.
Schistosoma mansoni Larvae Do Not Expand or Activate Foxp3+Regulatory T Cells during Their Migratory Phase
Authors: Redpath Stephen A. , van der Werf Nienke , MacDonald Andrew S. , Maizels Rick M. , Taylor Matthew D.
Published: July 2015

Foxp3+regulatory T (Treg) cells play a key role in suppression of immune responses during parasitic helminth infection, both by controlling damaging immunopathology and by inhibiting protective immunity. During the patent phase ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection, Foxp3+Treg cells are activated and suppress egg-elicited Th2 responses, but little is known of their induction and role during the early prepatent larval stage of infection. We quantified Foxp3+Treg cell responses during the first 3 weeks of murineS. mansoniinfection in C57BL/6 mice, a time when larval parasites migrate from the skin and transit the lungs en route to the hepatic and mesenteric vasculature. In contrast to other helminth infections,S. mansonidid not elicit a Foxp3+Treg cell response during this early phase of infection. We found that the numbers and proportions of Foxp3+Treg cells remained unchanged in the lungs, draining lymph nodes, and spleens of infected mice. There was no increase in the activation status of Foxp3+Treg cells upon infection as assessed by their expression of CD25, Foxp3, and Helios. Furthermore, infection failed to induce Foxp3+Treg cells to produce the suppressive cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). Instead, only CD4+Foxp3−IL-4+Th2 cells showed increased IL-10 production upon infection. These data indicate that Foxp3+Treg cells do not play a prominent role in regulating immunity toS. mansonilarvae and that the character of the initial immune response invoked byS. mansoniparasites contrasts with the responses to other parasitic helminth infections that promote rapid Foxp3+Treg cell responses.
Parasite Manipulation of the Invariant Chain and the Peptide Editor H2-DM Affects Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen Presentation during Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: Leroux Louis-Philippe , Nishi Manami , El-Hage Sandy , Fox Barbara A. , Bzik David J. , Dzierszinski Florence S.
Published: July 2015

Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. This apicomplexan is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a leading cause of central nervous system disease in AIDS. It has long been known thatT. gondiiinterferes with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) antigen presentation to attenuate CD4+T cell responses and establish persisting infections. Transcriptional downregulation of MHC-II genes byT. gondiiwas previously established, but the precise mechanisms inhibiting MHC-II function are currently unknown. Here, we show that, in addition to transcriptional regulation of MHC-II, the parasite modulates the expression of key components of the MHC-II antigen presentation pathway, namely, the MHC-II-associated invariant chain (Ii or CD74) and the peptide editor H2-DM, in professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPCs). Genetic deletion of CD74 restored the ability of infected dendritic cells to present a parasite antigen in the context of MHC-IIin vitro. CD74 mRNA and protein levels were, surprisingly, elevated in infected cells, whereas MHC-II and H2-DM expression was inhibited. CD74 accumulated mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and this phenotype required live parasites, but not active replication. Finally, we compared the impacts of genetic deletion of CD74 and H2-DM genes on parasite dissemination toward lymphoid organs in mice, as well as activation of CD4+T cells and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels during acute infection. Cyst burdens and survival during the chronic phase of infection were also evaluated in wild-type and knockout mice. These results highlight the fact that the infection is influenced by multiple levels of parasite manipulation of the MHC-II antigen presentation pathway.
Cyclic Di-GMP Signaling Contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Mediated Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Cole Stephanie J. , Lee Vincent T.
Published: July 2015

Bis-(3′-5′) cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) controls the lifestyle transition between the sessile and motile states in many Gram-negative bacteria, including the opportunistic human pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Under laboratory conditions, high concentrations of c-di-GMP decrease motility and promote biofilm formation, while low concentrations of c-di-GMP promote motility and decease biofilm formation. Here we sought to determine the contribution of c-di-GMP signaling to biofilm formation during
P. aeruginosa
-mediated catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Using a murine CAUTI model, a decrease in CFU was detected in the bladders and kidneys of mice infected with strains overexpressing the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) encoded by
PA3947
and
PA2133
compared to those infected with wild-type
P. aeruginosa
. Conversely, overexpression of the diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) encoded by
PA3702
and
PA1107
increased the number of bacteria in bladder and significantly increased dissemination of bacteria to the kidneys compared to wild-type infection. To determine which of the DGCs and PDEs contribute to c-di-GMP signaling during infection, a panel of PA14 in-frame deletion mutants lacking DGCs and PDEs were tested in the CAUTI model. Results from these infections revealed five mutants, three containing GGDEF domains (Δ
PA14_26970
, Δ
PA14_72420
, and Δ
siaD
) and two containing dual GGDEF-EAL domains (Δ
morA
and Δ
PA14_07500
), with decreased colonization of the bladder and dissemination to the kidneys. These results indicate that c-di-GMP signaling influences
P. aeruginosa
-mediated biofilms during CAUTI.

IMPORTANCE
Biofilm-based infections are an important cause of nosocomial infections, since they resist the immune response and traditional antibiotic treatment. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that promotes biofilm formation in many Gram-negative pathogens, including
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Here we determined the contribution of c-di-GMP signaling to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), an animal model of biofilm-based infection.
P. aeruginosa
with elevated levels of c-di-GMP during the initial infection produces an increased bacterial burden in the bladder and kidneys. Conversely, low concentrations of c-di-GMP decreased the bacterial burden in the bladder and kidneys. We screened a library of mutants with mutations in genes regulating c-di-GMP signaling and found several mutants that altered colonization of the urinary tract. This study implicates c-di-GMP signaling during CAUTI.
Treatment of wide-necked basilar tip aneurysm not amenable to Y-stenting using the PulseRider device
Authors: Sheth Sunil A , Patel Nirav S , Ismail Ameera F , Freeman Dena , Duckwiler Gary , Tateshima Satoshi
Published: July 2015

Endovascular treatment of broad-necked bifurcation aneurysms remains challenging. Stent-assisted coiling has been successful but requires catheterization of the branches off the parent vessel. We present the case of a patient who failed primary and stent-assisted coiling of a large basilar tip aneurysm because the morphology of the aneurysm precluded successful distal catheterization of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) branches. Using the PulseRider device, which does not require catheterization of bifurcation branches, we were able to treat the aneurysm successfully.
Induced liver injury after high-dose methylprednisolone in a patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Oliveira Ana Torres , Lopes Sandra , Cipriano Maria Augusta , Sofia Carlos
Published: July 2015

A 33-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis, medicated with high doses of methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide and glatiramer acetate, was referred to our department due to acute liver injury. The laboratory investigation was normal except for weakly positive antinuclear antibodies. Cyclophosphamide and glatiramer acetate were suspended, and intravenous immunoglobulin with maintenance of high doses of methylprednisolone was initiated. The patient developed another episode of acute hepatitis so the immunoglobulin was stopped. After that, she had three more episodes of elevation of liver enzymes with no hepatic insufficiency while medicated only with high doses of methylprednisolone. At this time, liver biopsy showed focal centrilobubar hepatocyte necrosis with minimal interface hepatitis. After the high doses of methylprednisolone were suspended, the patient remained asymptomatic, with normal hepatic enzymes. This case emphasises that, although rare, induced liver injury after high doses of methylprednisolone can occur.
A case of De Garengeot hernia requiring early surgery
Authors: Pan Chao-Wen , Tsao Min-Jen , Su Ming-Shan
Published: July 2015

De Garengeot hernia is a rare clinical entity defined as the presence of a vermiform appendix within a femoral hernia sac. A 50-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a painful lump over her right groin region. A bedside ultrasound was performed and soft tissue lesion was suspected. CT was performed and revealed a swollen tubular structure with fat stranding within the mass. De Garengeot hernia with acute appendicitis was diagnosed preoperatively, and an emergency appendectomy and hernioplasty were performed. Although it is usually an incidental finding during hernioplasty, De Garengeot hernia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with an incarcerated femoral hernia. Mesh repair can be performed depending on the clinical situation. We report a rare case of incarcerated femoral hernia with acute appendicitis that required early surgical management to avoid associated complications.
Assessment of intravascular granulomas in testicular seminomas and their association with tumour relapse and dissemination
Authors: Downes Michelle R , Cheung Carol C , Pintilie Melania , Chung Peter , van der Kwast Theodorus H
Published: July 2015

Aims

First, to determine the frequency of intravascular granulomas (IVGs) in seminomas and assess for the presence of entrapped seminoma cells. Second, to identify the relationship of this unusual form of vascular space invasion with tumour relapse and/or dissemination.

Methods

86 cases of seminoma were reviewed to identify IVGs. Immunostaining for OCT3/4 and CD68 was performed. Pathological stage, presence of conventional vascular and rete testis invasion, parenchymal granulomas and follow-up were recorded. Multivariable analysis incorporating tumour size, vascular invasion (conventional granulomas and IVGs) and rete testis invasion was performed.

Results

IVGs were identified in 13 cases (13/86). CD68 confirmed histiocytes in all cases. OCT3/4 identified tumour cells in 9/13 seminomas. 27 patients had disease progression with either dissemination at presentation (n=11) or relapse (n=16). Of these 27 patients, 8 had IVG (29.6%). By comparison, 6 of 57 clinical stage 1 seminomas that did not relapse had IVG (10.53%). Multivariable analysis revealed that no single parameter was statistically significant at predicting tumour relapse and/or dissemination (size: HR 1.65; CI 0.71 to 3.82, p=0.24, rete testis invasion: HR 1.04; CI 0.48 to 2.26, p=0.92, lymphovascular space invasion/IVG: HR 1.62; CI 0.65 to 4.01, p=0.30).

Conclusions

IVGs may represent a previously unrecognised form of vascular space invasion in seminomas. Studies on larger cohorts are needed to demonstrate its clinical value.
Resistance training minimizes catabolic effects induced by sleep deprivation in rats
Authors: Mônico-Neto Marcos , Antunes Hanna Karen Moreira , Lee Kil Sun , Phillips Stuart M. , Giampá Sara Quaglia de Campos , Souza Helton de Sá , Dáttilo Murilo , Medeiros Alessandra , de Moraes Wilson Max , Tufik Sergio , de Mello Marco Túlio
Published: July 2015

Sleep deprivation (SD) can induce muscle atrophy. We aimed to investigate the changes underpinning SD-induced muscle atrophy and the impact of this condition on rats that were previously submitted to resistance training (RT). Adult male Wistar EPM-1 rats were randomly allocated into 1 of 5 groups: control, sham, SD (for 96 h), RT, and RT+SD. The major outcomes of this study were muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), anabolic and catabolic hormone profiles, and the abundance of select proteins involved in muscle protein synthesis and degradation pathways. SD resulted in muscle atrophy; however, when SD was combined with RT, the reduction in muscle fiber CSA was attenuated. The levels of IGF-1 and testosterone were reduced in SD animals, and the RT+SD group had higher levels of these hormones than the SD group. Corticosterone was increased in the SD group compared with the control group, and this increase was minimized in the RT+SD group. The increases in corticosterone concentrations paralleled changes in the abundance of ubiquitinated proteins and the autophagic proteins LC3 and p62/SQSTM1, suggesting that corticosterone may trigger these changes. SD induced weight loss, but this loss was minimized in the RT+SD group. We conclude that SD induced muscle atrophy, probably because of the increased corticosterone and catabolic signal. High-intensity RT performed before SD was beneficial in containing muscle loss induced by SD. It also minimized the catabolic signal and increased synthetic activity, thereby minimizing the body’s weight loss.
LiDAR-supported estimation of change in forest biomass with time-invariant regression models
Authors: Magnussen S. , Næsset E. , Gobakken T.
Published: July 2015

A single a priori chosen linear regression model with two alternative error structures is proposed for model-assisted (MA) and model-dependent (MD) estimation of state and change in aboveground tree biomass (AGB, Mg·ha−1) in three forest strata in the Våler forest in southeastern Norway. Field data of tree height and stem diameter were collected in 145 permanent 200 m2circular plots. Concurrent LiDAR data were collected for the entire forest. The regression model includes two LiDAR-based explanatory variables: the mean of canopy height raised to a power of 1.5 and the standard deviation of canopy heights. A nearest-neighbour thinning of the 2010 LiDAR data to the density of the 1999 data was implemented to counter density effects in the explanatory variables. Estimates of change based on a single regression model were more accurate than estimating change from year-specific models (and no data thinning). A canopy height dependent correlated error structure was preferred over a partitioning of the error to temporary and “permanent” plot effects. For point estimates of AGB in 1999 and 2010, MA and MD estimates of errors were numerically comparable, but MD errors of change were much smaller than corresponding MA errors.
Influence of climate on the growth of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Colorado and southern Wyoming
Authors: Dudley M.M. , Negron J. , Tisserat N.A. , Shepperd W.D. , Jacobi W.R.
Published: July 2015

We analyzed a series of increment cores collected from 260 adult dominant or co-dominant quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees from national forests across Colorado and southern Wyoming in 2009 and 2010. Half of the cores were collected from trees in stands with a high amount of crown dieback, and half were from lightly damaged stands. We define the level of stand damage based on stand survey data in which lightly damaged stands had average crown dieback of 16% and heavily damaged stands averaged 41%. Upon analysis, two-thirds of the cores collected did not exhibit radial growth correlated with region-wide patterns (e.g., climate) and were classified as having a low cohesive response. The site variable most predictive of whether a stand exhibited high cohesive response or low cohesive response was site elevation, followed by aspect, slope, and canopy closure. Sites with high cohesive response stands were more likely to have aspen bark beetle damage, white rot, and Cryptosphaeria canker. We did not detect relationships between tree growth and summer precipitation from 1900–2008, but there was a relationship between growth and annual precipitation. A growth model included maximum May and July temperatures, as well as the current and previous year’s annual precipitation.
Simulation study of satisfaction rate in the mixed traffic flow with open boundary conditions
Authors: Bentaleb Khalid , Lakouari Noureddine , Ez-Zahraouy Hamid , Benyoussef Abdelilah
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we propose a single-lane cellular automata (CA) traffic model which takes into account the disorder in the length and the maximal speed of the vehicles (i.e. slow and fast) to study the satisfaction rate of the fast vehicles (i.e. the number of vehicles that run with their desired speed) with open boundary conditions in the case of a chain of one entry; where [Formula: see text] is the injecting rate of vehicles independent of their nature and [Formula: see text] is the extracting rate. The slow vehicles are injected with the conditional probability [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the concentration of the slow vehicles. It is found that for the low value of the injecting rate [Formula: see text] and for the high extraction rate [Formula: see text], the satisfaction rate takes higher values. It also depends on the concentration of the slow vehicles injected on the road. Furthermore, we have shown that, in the case when [Formula: see text], the satisfaction rate undergoes a transition from the maximal value to the minimal one and it takes a value near to zero in the case of [Formula: see text]. We have also found that the satisfaction rate depends strongly on the probability of overtaking, also the phase diagrams ([Formula: see text]) are established for the different values of the slow vehicles concentrations [Formula: see text].
T-odd quark pair production and decay at γγ collider in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity in next-to-leading order QCD
Authors: Liu Wen , Ma Wen-Gan , Guo Lei , Chen Liang-Wen , Chen Chang , Zhang Ren-You
Published: July 2015

We calculate the complete next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to the [Formula: see text]-odd mirror quark pair [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] production in the littlest Higgs model with [Formula: see text]-parity (LHT) at a high energy [Formula: see text] collider. We present the dependence of the leading order (LO) and NLO QCD corrected cross sections on the colliding energy [Formula: see text]. Our calculation includes the subsequent full weak decays of the final [Formula: see text]-odd mirror quarks by adopting the narrow width approximation and the exclusive 2-jet event selection criterion. We provide the LO and QCD NLO kinematic distributions of final particles. We find that the NLO QCD correction is phase space dependent and modifies the LO cross section evidently. The [Formula: see text]-factor increases noticeably when [Formula: see text] approaches the threshold of the on-shell [Formula: see text]-pair production. We conclude that it is possible to separate the signature of the [Formula: see text]-odd quark pair production from possible Standard Model (SM) background by taking proper kinematic cut.
Broadband cascaded four-wave mixing in As2S3 chalcogenide waveguide with optical feedback and Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Wen Jin , Fu Haiwei
Published: July 2015

A scheme to enhance the efficiency and number of the cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) products in [Formula: see text] chalcogenide planar waveguide is proposed and investigated numerically. Through introducing the optical feedback cavity and Mach–Zehnder interferometer, the modulated broadband cascaded FWM products can be obtained based on the high nonlinear [Formula: see text] chalcogenide planar waveguide. The numerical results show that the bandwidth of the modulated cascaded FWM is increased and the number of cascaded FWM products is improved compared with the single pass way of generating cascaded FWM products. Moreover, the feedback ratio plays an important role in the modulated cascaded FWM. This research can find important potential applications in nonlinear optics and integrated optics.
An integrable extension of TD hierarchy and generalized bi-Hamiltonian structures
Authors: Liu Huan , Geng Xianguo
Published: July 2015

A hierarchy of new nonlinear evolution equations associated with [Formula: see text] matrix spectral problems are proposed, which is a naturally integrable extension of the TD hierarchy. It is shown that all nonlinear evolution equations in the hierarchy have generalized bi-Hamiltonian structures with the help of the trace identity. Moreover, the infinite sequence of conserved quantities of the first nontrivial equation in the hierarchy is constructed by means of spectral parameter expansion.
A hierarchy of super AKNS hierarchy related to Lie superalgebra sl(2|1) and a finite dimensional super Hamiltonian system
Authors: Zhou Ruguang
Published: July 2015

A hierarchy of super AKNS equations associated with a [Formula: see text] matrix-valued spectral problem is derived. It is shown that each equation in the hierarchy is bi-super Hamiltonian. Moreover, a new finite dimensional super Hamiltonian system (FDSHS), together with its Lax representation, [Formula: see text]-matrix and conversed integrals of motion, is obtained from the spectral problem by binary nonlinearization.
The L∞ Hausdorff Voronoi Diagram Revisited
Authors: Papadopoulou Evanthia , Xu Jinhui
Published: July 2015

We revisit the [Formula: see text] Hausdorff Voronoi diagram of clusters of points in the plane and present a simple two-pass plane sweep algorithm to construct it. This problem is motivated by applications in the semiconductor industry, in particular, critical area analysis and yield prediction in VLSI design. We show that the structural complexity of this diagram is [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of given clusters and [Formula: see text] is a number of specially crossing clusters, called essential. Our algorithm runs in [Formula: see text] time and [Formula: see text] space, where [Formula: see text] reflects a slight superset of essential crossings, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is the total number of crossing clusters. For non-crossing clusters ([Formula: see text]) or clusters with only a small number of crossings ([Formula: see text]) the algorithm is optimal. The latter is the case of interest in the motivating application, where [Formula: see text]. This is achieved by augmenting the wavefront data structure of the plane sweep, and a preprocessing step, based on point dominance, which is interesting in its own right.
Microscopic approach of a time elapsed neural model
Authors: Chevallier Julien , Cáceres María José , Doumic Marie , Reynaud-Bouret Patricia
Published: July 2015

The spike trains are the main components of the information processing in the brain. To model spike trains several point processes have been investigated in the literature. And more macroscopic approaches have also been studied, using partial differential equation models. The main aim of the present paper is to build a bridge between several point processes models (Poisson, Wold, Hawkes) that have been proved to statistically fit real spike trains data and age-structured partial differential equations as introduced by Pakdaman, Perthame and Salort.
Further results on permutation polynomials of the form (xpm − x + δ)s + L(x) over 𝔽p2m
Authors: Xu Guangkui , Cao Xiwang , Xu Shanding
Published: July 2015

Several classes of permutation polynomials with given form over [Formula: see text] were recently proposed by Tu, Zeng, Li and Helleseth. In this paper, continuing their work, we present more permutation polynomials of the form [Formula: see text] over the finite field [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a linearized polynomial with coefficients in [Formula: see text].
Transfer of derived equivalences from subalgebras to endomorphism algebras
Authors: Brüstle Thomas , Pan Shengyong
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we construct derived equivalences between subalgebras of some [Formula: see text]-Auslander–Yoneda algebras from a class of triangles in idempotent complete triangulated categories. The derived equivalences are obtained by transferring subalgebras induced by triangles to endomorphism algebras induced by approximation sequences.
On rings and algebras with derivations
Authors: Ali Shakir , Khan Mohammad Salahuddin , Khan Abdul Nadim , Muthana Najat M.
Published: July 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be an associative ring with center [Formula: see text] The objective of this paper is to discuss the commutativity of a semiprime ring [Formula: see text] which admits a derivation [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are fixed positive integers. Finally, we apply these purely ring theoretic results to obtain commutativity of Banach algebra via derivation.
From linear recurrence relations to linear ODEs with constant coefficients
Authors: Gatto L. , Laksov D.
Published: July 2015

Linear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) with constant coefficients are studied by looking in general at linear recurrence relations in a module with coefficients in an arbitrary [Formula: see text]-algebra. The bridge relating the two theories is the notion of formal Laplace transform associated to a sequence of invertibles. From this more economical perspective, generalized Wronskians associated to solutions of linear ODEs will be revisited, mentioning their relationships with Schubert Calculus for Grassmannians.
Projection invariant extending rings
Authors: Birkenmeier Gary F. , Tercan Adnan , Yucel Canan C.
Published: July 2015

A ring [Formula: see text] is said to be right [Formula: see text]-extending if every projection invariant right ideal of [Formula: see text] is essential in a direct summand of [Formula: see text]. In this article, we investigate the transfer of the [Formula: see text]-extending condition between a ring [Formula: see text] and its various ring extensions. More specifically, we characterize the right [Formula: see text]-extending generalized triangular matrix rings; and we show that if [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-extending, then so is [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is an overring of [Formula: see text] which is an essential extension of [Formula: see text], an [Formula: see text] upper triangular matrix ring of [Formula: see text], a column finite or column and row finite matrix ring over [Formula: see text], or a certain type of trivial extension of [Formula: see text].
On integers which are representable as sums of large squares
Authors: Moscariello Alessio
Published: July 2015

We prove that the greatest positive integer that is not expressible as a linear combination with integer coefficients of elements of the set {n2, (n + 1)2, …} is asymptotically O(n2), verifying thus a conjecture of Dutch and Rickett. Furthermore, we ask a question on the representation of integers as sum of four large squares.
Zero correlation with lower-order terms for automorphic L-functions
Authors: Gillespie Timothy L. , Ye Yangbo
Published: July 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be a self-contragredient automorphic cuspidal representation of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. Using a refined version of the Selberg orthogonality, we recompute the [Formula: see text]-level correlation of high non-trivial zeros of the product [Formula: see text]. In the process, we are able to extract certain low-order terms which suggest the asymptotics of these statistics are not necessarily universal, but depend upon the conductors of the representations and hence the ramification properties of the local components coming from each [Formula: see text]. The computation of these lower-order terms is unconditional as long as all [Formula: see text].
Congruences modulo 4 for the alternating sum of the partial quotients
Authors: Girstmair Kurt
Published: July 2015

We apply a technique used in [E. Tsukerman, Equality of Dedekind sums mod [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], Int. J. Number Theory 11(6) (2015) 1735–1738] combined with the Barkan–Hickerson–Knuth formula in order to obtain congruences modulo 4 for the alternating sum of the partial quotients of the continued fraction expansion of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are integers.
Electronic warfare system simulation based on SystemVue
Authors: Liu Limin , Cheng Cheng , Han Zhuangzhi
Published: July 2015

Electronic warfare simulation can allow the realistic evaluation of the performance of equipments and techniques, and it can also allow the realistic training of individuals under conditions that, in real life, might kill them. We propose a new scheme of EW simulation system based on SystemVue. This paper mainly expounds the structure of system and the key technology of subsystem establishment. As a proof of concept, a radar electronic reconnaissance simulation experiment is explained in this paper. And the results verify the feasibility of the scheme.
The 1.3mm Full-Stokes Polarization System at CARMA
Authors: Hull Charles L. H. , Plambeck Richard L.
Published: July 2015

The CARMA 1.3[Formula: see text]mm polarization system consists of dual-polarization receivers that are sensitive to right- (R) and left-circular (L) polarization, and a spectral-line correlator that measures all four cross polarizations ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) on each of the 105 baselines connecting the 15 telescopes. Each receiver comprises a single feed horn, a waveguide circular polarizer, an orthomode transducer (OMT), two heterodyne mixers, and two low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), all mounted in a cryogenically cooled dewar. Here we review the basics of polarization observations, describe the construction and performance of key receiver components (circular polarizer, OMT, and mixers — but not the correlator), and discuss in detail the calibration of the system, particularly the calibration of the R–L phase offsets and the polarization leakage corrections. The absolute accuracy of polarization position angle measurements was checked by mapping the radial polarization pattern across the disk of Mars. Transferring the Mars calibration to the well-known polarization calibrator 3C286, we find a polarization position angle of [Formula: see text] for 3C286 at 225[Formula: see text]GHz, consistent with other observations at millimeter wavelengths. Finally, we consider what limitations in accuracy are expected due to the signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, and primary beam polarization.
Biomimetic Survival Hydrodynamics and Flow Sensing
Authors: Triantafyllou Michael S. , Weymouth Gabriel D. , Miao Jianmin
Published: July 2015

The fluid mechanics employed by aquatic animals in their escape or attack maneuvers, what we call survival hydrodynamics, are fascinating because the recorded performance in animals is truly impressive. Such performance forces us to pose some basic questions on the underlying flow mechanisms that are not yet in use in engineered vehicles. A closely related issue is the ability of animals to sense the flow velocity and pressure field around them in order to detect and discriminate threats in environments where vision or other sensing is of limited or no use. We review work on animal flow sensing and actuation as a source of inspiration and as a way to formulate a number of basic problems and investigate the flow mechanisms that enable animals to perform these remarkable maneuvers. We also describe some intriguing mechanisms of actuation and sensing.
Updates on Nutraceutical Sleep Therapeutics and Investigational Research
Authors: Yurcheshen Michael , Seehuus Martin , Pigeon Wilfred
Published: July 2015

Approximately 50% of the population will suffer from a sleep disorder over the course of their lifetime. There is increasing interest in nutraceuticals for these conditions. The quality of the evidence for the safety and effectiveness of using these supplements to treat sleep disorders varies substantially. In this review, we discuss the data about the effectiveness and safety of six commonly used plant-based sleep therapeutics: caffeine, chamomile, cherries, kava kava, L-tryptophan, marijuana, and valerian. We explore both historical uses of each substance and the current state of the literature.
The Role of Aerosols in Convective Processes during the Midsummer Drought in the Caribbean
Authors: Hosannah Nathan , Parsiani Hamed , González Jorge E.
Published: July 2015

Saharan dust (SD) heavily impacts convective precipitation in the Caribbean. To better understand the role of SD in precipitation development during the midsummer drought (MSD), an observational campaign, centered at the city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico (18.21 N, 67.13 W), between 3 June and 15 July 2014, was conducted in order to select a range of atmospheric conditions to be simulated using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) cloud resolving model under “no SD” and “SD” conditions. The events included one dry day with moderate-heavy SD, one localized moderate rainfall event with moderate SD, one island-wide light precipitation event with heavy SD, and one island-wide heavy precipitation event with light-moderate SD. Model results show that (1) precipitation results are improved when compared with observation with the presence of SD, (2) precipitation, cloud fraction, dew point temperatures, and humidity are significantly reduced under SD conditions, (3) precipitation can occur when SD is removed for a dry day, (4) there is evidence of rain being delayed due to the presence of SD without rainfall intensity or accumulation increases, (5) liquid mixing ratio increases of up to 1.4 g kg−1occur in the absence of SD, and (6) vertical wind increases of up to 0.8 m s−1occur in the absence of SD.
Gain of Regularity in Extension Problem on Convex Domains
Authors: Jasiczak M.
Published: July 2015

We investigate the extension problem from higher codimensional linear subvarieties on convex domains of finite type. We prove that there exists a constantdsuch that on Bergman spacesHp(D)with1≤p<dthere appears the so-called “gain regularity.” The constantddepends on the minimum of the dimension and the codimension of the subvariety. This means that the space of functions which admit an extension to a function in the Bergman spaceHp(D)is strictly larger thanHp(D∩A), whereAis a subvariety.
Short-Term Intraocular Pressure Elevations after Combined Phacoemulsification and Implantation of Two Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stents: Prednisolone versus Loteprednol
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Harasymowycz Paul
Published: July 2015

Objective. To compare the effects of prednisolone and of loteprednol after combined phacoemulsification and trabecular micro-bypass stent implantation (phaco-iStent).Methods. Patients who underwent phaco-iStent between April 2013 and November 2014 were identified by retrospective chart review. Postoperatively, they received either prednisolone (n=38) or loteprednol (n=58). Baseline data was compared. Primary outcomes including intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of glaucoma medications (NGM) were analyzed at preoperative visit, postoperative day 1, weeks 1-2, weeks 3-4, and months 2-3.Results. Both groups had similar preoperative parameters (p>0.05). The mean IOP spike occurred at postoperative weeks 1-2 with an increase of 2.21 ± 7.30 mmHg in the loteprednol group and 2.54 ± 9.28 mmHg in the prednisolone group. It decreased by weeks 3-4 in both groups and continued to improve at months 2-3. NGM showed significant reduction (p<0.0001) after the surgery and remained stable in both groups. No significant group effect or time-group interaction in IOP and NGM evolution was detected (p>0.05). The proportions of patients needing paracentesis were similar between the two groups.Conclusion. Similar early IOP elevations after combined phaco-iStent occurred with both prednisolone and loteprednol. Facilitated glucocorticoid infusion, altered aqueous humor outflow, and local inflammation may be contributing factors.
Withaferin A Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB-Dependent Pro-Inflammatory and Stress Response Pathways in the Astrocytes
Authors: Martorana Francesca , Guidotti Giulia , Brambilla Liliana , Rossi Daniela
Published: July 2015

Several lines of evidence suggest that astrocytes play a key role in modulating the immune responses of the central nervous system (CNS) to infections, injuries, or pathologies. Yet, their contribution to these processes remains mostly elusive. Astroglia are endowed with a wide range of toll-like receptors (TLR) by which they can sense infectious agents as well as endogenous danger signals released by damaged cells. Here we demonstrate that the activation of astrocytic TLR4 by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge can promote nuclear factorκB (NF-κB)-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory and stress response mediators, particularly Tumor Necrosis Factorα(TNFα), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Since the steroid lactone Withaferin A was described to inhibit NF-κB activity in different cell types, we next determined the impact of this natural compound towards the identified astrocytic signalling pathway. Innate immune activation was induced by stimulation of the LPS/TLR4 axis in spinal cord astrocytes. We provide evidence that both pre-treating and post-treating the cells with Withaferin A attenuate astrocytic NF-κB activity as well as the consequent production of TNFα, COX-2, and iNOS induced by stimulation of the LPS/TLR4 pathway. This study suggests that Withaferin A may be an eligible candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory and stress conditions characterized by an important astrocytic input.
Impact of a Virtual Clinic in a Paediatric Cardiology Network on Northeast Brazil
Authors: de Araújo Juliana Sousa Soares , Dias Filho Adalberto Vieira , Silva Gomes Renata Grigório , Regis Cláudio Teixeira , Rodrigues Klecida Nunes , Siqueira Nicoly Negreiros , Albuquerque Fernanda Cruz de Lira , Mourato Felipe Alves , Mattos Sandra da Silva
Published: July 2015

Introduction. Congenital heart diseases (CHD) affect approximately 1% of live births and is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite that, there is a shortage of paediatric cardiologists in Brazil, mainly in the northern and northeastern regions. In this context, the implementation of virtual outpatient clinics with the aid of different telemedicine resources may help in the care of children with heart defects.Methods. Patients under 18 years of age treated in virtual outpatient clinics between January 2013 and May 2014 were selected. They were divided into 2 groups: those who had and those who had not undergone a screening process for CHD in the neonatal period. Clinical and demographic characteristics were collected for further statistical analysis.Results. A total of 653 children and teenagers were treated in the virtual outpatient clinics. From these, 229 had undergone a neonatal screening process. Fewer abnormalities were observed on the physical examination of the screened patients.Conclusion. The implementation of pediatric cardiology virtual outpatient clinics can have a positive impact in the care provided to people in areas with lack of skilled professionals.
Implementing and Optimizing of Entire System Toolkit of VLIW DSP Processors for Embedded Sensor-Based Systems
Authors: Yang Xu , Zeng Mingbin , Zhang Yanjun
Published: July 2015

VLIW DSPs can largely enhance the Instruction-Level Parallelism, providing the capacity to meet the performance and energy efficiency requirement of sensor-based systems. However, the exploiting of VLIW DSPs in sensor-based domain has imposed a heavy challenge on software toolkit design. In this paper, we present our methods and experiences to develop system toolkit flows for a VLIW DSP, which is designed dedicated to sensor-based systems. Our system toolkit includes compiler, assembler, linker, debugger, and simulator. We have presented our experimental results in the compiler framework by incorporating several state-of-the-art optimization techniques for this VLIW DSP. The results indicate that our framework can largely enhance the performance and energy consumption against the code generated without it.
The Mechanism Underlying the Antibacterial Activity of Shikonin against Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Lee Young-Seob , Lee Dae-Young , Kim Yeon Bok , Lee Sang-Won , Cha Seon-Woo , Park Hong-Woo , Kim Geum-Soog , Kwon Dong-Yeul , Lee Min-Ho , Han Sin-Hee
Published: July 2015

Shikonin (SKN), a highly liposoluble naphthoquinone pigment isolated from the roots ofLithospermum erythrorhizon, is known to exert antibacterial, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antitumor effects. The aim of this study was to examine SKN antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). The SKN was analyzed in combination with membrane-permeabilizing agents Tris and Triton X-100, ATPase inhibitors sodium azide andN,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, andS. aureus-derived peptidoglycan; the effects on MRSA viability were evaluated by the broth microdilution method, time-kill test, and transmission electron microscopy. Addition of membrane-permeabilizing agents or ATPase inhibitors together with a low dose of SKN potentiated SKN anti-MRSA activity, as evidenced by the reduction of MRSA cell density by 75% compared to that observed when SKN was used alone; in contrast, addition of peptidoglycan blocked the antibacterial activity of SKN. The results indicate that the anti-MRSA effect of SKN is associated with its affinity to peptidoglycan, the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, and the activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This study revealed the potential of SKN as an effective natural antibiotic and of its possible use to substantially reduce the use of existing antibiotic may also be important for understanding the mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of natural compounds.
Application of Gold Nanoparticles of Different Concentrations to Improve the Therapeutic Potential of Autologous Conditioned Serum: Potential Implications for Equine Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Marycz Krzysztof , Kolankowski Jakub , Grzesiak Jakub , Hecold Mateusz , Rac Olga , Teterycz Helena
Published: July 2015

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of gold nanoparticles (AuNPS) on equine platelet morphology, ultrastructure as well as secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), gelsolin (GSN), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). The gold nanoparticles, with an average diameter of 20 nm, were incubated with whole anticoagulated blood at 1%, 5%, and 10% w/v for 24 hours. We showed that the application of gold nanoparticles at all the tested concentrations led to platelet activation; however, 5% of AuNPS resulted in the secretion of elevated levels of GSN and VEGF, while the concentration of TNF‐α was the lowest. The data indicate that this method may be considered a promising tool for improving the currently used in clinical practice commercially available autologous conditioned serum (ACS) isolation systems for the treatment of equine osteoarthritis.
Controller Design of Complex System Based on Nonlinear Strength
Authors: Mu Rongjun , Cheng Chao
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a new idea of controller design for complex systems. The nonlinearity index method was first developed for error propagation of nonlinear system. The nonlinearity indices access the boundary between the strong and the weak nonlinearities of the system model. The algorithm of nonlinearity index according to engineering application is first proposed in this paper. Applying this method on nonlinear systems is an effective way to measure the nonlinear strength of dynamics model over the full flight envelope. The nonlinearity indices access the boundary between the strong and the weak nonlinearities of system model. According to the different nonlinear strength of dynamical model, the control system is designed. The simulation time of dynamical complex system is selected by the maximum value of dynamic nonlinearity indices. Take a missile as example; dynamical system and control characteristic of missile are simulated. The simulation results show that the method is correct and appropriate.
Pressure Induced Suppression to the Valence Change Transition in EuPdAs
Authors: Li Baoxuan , Liu Jianzhong , Li Yufeng , Zhu Xiyu , Wen Hai-Hu
Published: July 2015

By applying a hydrostatic pressure, we have successfully suppressed the valence change transition in EuPdAs. The studied compound EuPdAs crystallizes in a P63/mmc space group. Through resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, we find that EuPdAs shows a phase transition at 180 K and another transition below 10 K at ambient pressure, as was reported before. The overall transport and magnetic behavior is to some extent similar to that of the parent phase of iron based superconductors. With application of a hydrostatic pressure, the transition at 180 K is sensitively suppressed with a pressure as low as 0.48 GPa. However, superconductivity has not been induced with pressure up to 1.90 GPa.