bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دور التسويق الزراعي في تحسين الأمن الغذائي في الأردن
Authors: السلايمه إحسان علي
Published: September 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور التسويق الزراعي في تحسين الأمن الغذائي في الأردن، واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج النوعي وتمثلت الأداة في إعداد مقابلة شبة مقننة وتم التأكد من صدقها وثباتها بالطرق العلمية الصحيحة وتم توزيعها على عينة قصدية بلغت (35) فردًا من العاملين ووالمختصين والخبراء في القطاع الزراعي وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن معظم المشاركين في الدراسة أكدوا على ضرورة التسويق الزراعي ودوره الكبير في تحسين نشاط القطاع الزراعي بشكل عام وفي تحسين مستوى الأمن الغذائي". وأن هناك اتفاق بين جميع الأفراد المشاركين بالدراسة على دور التسويق الزراعي في تحسين الأمن الغذائي في الأردن بغض النظر عن خصائصهم الديموغرافية كالنوع الاجتماعي، المؤهل العلمي وفي ضوء النتائج يوصي الباحث بإجراء العديد من الدراسات والأبحاث حول الموضوع نظرًا لأهميته. وعقد رشات تدريبية للعاملين والمهتمين في القطاع الزراعي عن أهمية التسويق الزراعي في تحسين الأمن الغذائي.
Methodological Analysis of Period Fertility in Saudi Arabia for 2018
Authors: Mahgoub Ayman
Published: September 2022

The exact measurement and evaluation of indicators of period fertility in a multiracial society could help explain disparities. The aim of this paper is to develop a methodological and analytical attempt to systematically analyse period fertility and discuss differentials in its levels and patterns between domestic and expatriate women in Saudi Arabia as far as available data allow. The data used were obtained from official sources published by the General Authority for Statistics in the Household Health Survey 2018, and then the quantitative calculation was used to calculate fertility indicators. Estimated period fertility indicators started from the simplest rates to the more complex ones, with adequate illustration of the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The purpose was to establish fertility differentials and historical patterns. The paper consistently shows that the fertility of expatriates in Saudi Arabia is lower than the fertility of Saudi domestic women; however, the reason for this disparity is not established, as the sufficient influence of contraceptive practices has not been confirmed. It is also revealed that the fertility transition that has been taking place since the early eighties will continue, but it will result in precautions in the future.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Peribahasa Mandarin Empat Karakter Han pada Mahasiswa FKIP UNTAN
Authors: Veronika Tjen , Thamrin Lily , Lusi Lusi , Suhardi Suhardi
Published: September 2022

Bahasa merupakan alat komukasi yang digunakan oleh manusia. Dengan adanya bahasa, manusia bisa mengekspresikan ide pikiran dan perasaan kepada lawan bicara. Melalui bahasa manusia bisa berbaur dengan masyarakat di sekitarnya, beradaptasi dengan budaya, adat istiadat dan norma sosial yang berlaku dalam masyarakat. Salah satu cara penggunaan bahasa yang lembut dan sopan adalah dengan menggunakan peribahasa. Peribahasa juga merupakan salah satu wujud kekayaan bahasa dan budaya yang dimiliki oleh berbagai negara, salah satunya adalah China. Di dalam bahasa mandarin terdapat pengggunaan peribahasa yang dikenal sebagai “chéngyǔ” (Karakter Han: 成语). Peribahasa mandarin merupakan warisan turun menurun secara lisan dan tulisan sepanjang sejarah peradaban budaya China. Untuk itu peneliti melakukan analisis kemampuan pemahaman peribahasa pada mahasiswa tingkat menengah prodi bahasa mandarin FKIP UNTAN. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan penguasaan peribahasa mandarin dan penyebab kesalahan penguasaan peribahasa mandarin pada mahasiswa angkatan tahun 2017 prodi pendidikan bahasa mandarin FKIP UNTAN. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif  yang menggunakan instrumen berupa kuisioner. Hasil analisis kuisioner menunjukkan bahwa hanya ada 30% dari total mahasiswa  yang nilai tesnya diatas skor teoritis 50. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa masih belum menguasai peribahasa mandarin dengan baik dan penyebab kesalahan terdiri dari penguasaan kosakata dan pemahaman arti peribahasa yang masih kurang memadai.
Analisis Penerapan Metode Problem Based Learning dalam Mata Kuliah Seminar on ELT
Authors: Sahrawi Sahrawi , Kurniawati Tri
Published: September 2022

Pembelajaran pada saat ini menekankan pada keaktifan peserta didik. Oleh karena itu, dosen harus menggunakan berbagai macam metode mengajar agar peserta didik dapat berperan secara aktif di dalam kelas sehingga mereka dapat memahami materi dengan mudah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di IKIP-PGRI Pontianak dimana mahasiswa program studi pendidikan bahasa inggris semester enam menjadi subjek penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari penerapan metode problem-based learning (PBL) didalam kelas seminar on ELT dan mengetahui persepsi tentang penggunaan metode PBL dari sudut pandang mahasiswa dan dosen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui interview, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode PBL dalam kelas seminar on ELT membuat mahasiswa menjadi lebih aktif, mahasiswa memiliki motivasi yang tinggi dalam mengikuti pembelajaran, mahasiswa dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bekerjasama dan melatih pemikiran kritis dalam memecahkan suatu masalah.
Pengembangan Media Ajar Phonetic “FUNETIC” Berbasis Web
Authors: Purwaningsih Dewi Ismu , Kholilah Kholilah , Detrias Farly
Published: September 2022

Mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari fonetik karena penggunaan media ajar di kelas yang minim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pengembangan bahan ajar web funetic.id. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (RD) mengadaptasi model 4D. Dalam penelitian ini hanya digunakan 3 tahap, yaitu tahap pendefinisian, tahap perancangan, dan tahap pengembangan. Hasil penelitian pada tahap pertama, yaitu kesulitan mempelajari fonetik disebabkan oleh perbedaan sistem bunyi bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia sehingga menyebabkan mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam mengingat cara dan tempat menghasilkan bunyi. Hasil penelitian tahap kedua yaitu perancangan media ajar fonetik menggunakan website funetic.id. Hasil penelitian pada tahap ketiga yaitu media ajar funetic.id layak untuk dilakukan uji coba kepada mahasiswa.
Cerita Rakyat Melayu Pesisir Kalimantan Barat sebagai Alternatif Bahan Pembelajaran Sastra di SMP
Authors: Kusnita Sri , Uli Indriyana , Yuniarti Netti
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari alternatif bahan pembelajaran sastra di SMP dengan memanfaatkan sastra daerah. Satu di antara sastra daerah yang masih diminati oleh masyarakat khususnya generasi muda adalah cerita rakyat. Cerita rakyat khususnya cerita rakyat Melayu memiliki nilai baik yang dapat dijadikan pedoman hidup masyarakatnya. Selain itu, cerita rakyat dapat menggambarkan budaya khas Melayu Pesisir di Kalimantan Barat sehingga pemanfaatan cerita rakyat Melayu Pesisir di Kalimantan Barat sebagai alternatif bahan ajar secara tidak langsung dapat memperkenlkan budaya Melayu baik yang masih ada maupun budaya yang sudah ditinggalkan oleh masyarakatnya kepada kepada peserta didik. Pemanfaat cerita rakyat Melayu di Kalimantan Barat sangat penting untuk dilakukan karena sebagai upaya pelestarian budaya daerah Kalimanatan Barat agar tidak punah oleh modernisasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh simpulan bahwa cerita rakyat dapat dijadikan bahan ajar mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMP dengan alasan sebagai berikut. Pertama, Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam cerita rakyat Melayu dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengajaran sastra karena memuat nilai pendidikan baik moral, sosial, dan budaya. Kedua, Pengajaran sastra berbasis cerita rakyat dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pembelajaran yang bersifat kontekstual serta juga dapat digunakan sebagai wadah pengenalan dan pelestarian budaya lokal.
Analisis Latar dalam Novel Pergolakan Karya Wildan Yatim; Kajian struktural
Authors: Tundreng Syarifuddin , Rofi’i Agus
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penyajian dan pengaruh latar terhadap sikap dan prilaku tokoh-tokoh cerita yang terdapat dalam novel Pergolakan karya Wildan Yatim. Penelitian kualitatif merupakan jenis penelitian yang digunakan, dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian yaitu data tertulis berupa teks cerita yang berhubungan dengan penyajian dan pengaruh latar terhadap sikap dan prilaku tokoh-tokoh cerita yang terdapat dalam novel Pergolakan karya Wildan Yatim. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan dua cara yakni baca dan catat. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan Struktural.Temuan dalam penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa perpaduan latar fisik yaitu Kampung Gunung Beringin dan Kampung Tinjau Laut dan latar sosial yaitu situasi pergolakan PRRI dan Komunis sangat mempengaruhi sikap dan prilaku tokoh-tokoh dalam cerita.
Penyimpangan Kesantunan Verbal dan Nonverbal dalam Diskusi
Authors: Wulansari Fitri , Agustina Rini
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyimpangan kesantunan verbal dan nonverbal dalam diskusi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitian adalah deskriptif. Bentuk penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah mahasiswa. Subjek dalam penelitian yaitu mahasiswa semester IV Kelas A pagi dan A sore. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik observasi, teknik wawancara, dan teknik simak libat cakap dengan alat pengumpul data yaitu pedoman observasi, hasil wawancara, dan alat perekam. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian Bentuk penyimpangan prinsip kesantunan verbal dan nonverbal bentuk imperatif dalam diskusi kelas pada mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Pontianak terdapat 16 data. Dari 16 data tersebut terbagi ke dalam empat maksim yaitu maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim perhargaan, dan maksim kemufakatan.
Efl Students' Challenges to Read Online
Authors: Utimadini Nindya Juwita
Published: September 2022

Reading is one of the most effective skills that develop language learner skill. In this digital era, where most of life activities has transformed to an ease and fast, Reading become daily routine. This routine means that reader interact with many texts online daily. The technology provided many aids for English Language Learner to read. However, this paper aimed to unfold the challenges faced by the English language learner to read in online environment. Therefore, the 30 English Education students of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training of IAIN Pontianak are told to carry out Extensive Reading in online environment. The qualitative study drawn the real and factual challenges faced by the students. The challenges to read in online environment are (1) Difficult to choose interesting material or text to read, (2) Health Issues related to online reading, (3) Unsupportive Facilities, and (4) Difficulty in maintaining focus to the text.
Analisis Emosi dalam Novel Alone Karya Chelsea Karina Kajian Psikologi Sastra
Authors: Lizawati Lizawati , Winingsih Riska Aprillia , Herlina Herlina
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesulitan dan factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemahaman membaca mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif untuk menggambarkan kesulitan-kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa. Sebanyak 28 Mahasiswa diambil sebagai sampel untuk mengerjakan tes pilihan ganda untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pemahanan membaca dan angket untuk mengetahui faktor kesulitan pemahaman membaca. Peneliti menemukan bahwa kesulitan paling banyak dihadapi mahasiswa adalah dalam menentukan main idea, making inference dan detai information. Kemudian fakor kesulitan dalam memahami mambaca yang paling dominan adalah faktor psikologi
Efl Students' Critical Thinking in Speaking Activities
Authors: Maulana Rahmat , Putra Muhammad Iqbal Ripo
Published: September 2022

This research aimed to investigate how EFL students apply critical thinking in speaking activities and to explore the levels of critical thinking achieved by EFL students in speaking activities at e-COLINK Pontianak. The population of this research was the EFL students of advanced level 3 at e-COLINK Pontianak with a total of eight students. The samples of this research were selected using total sampling technique. The researcher applied the type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The techniques of data collection used in this research were observation and direct communication. For collecting the data, the researcher used the instruments such as field notes and interview. To analyze the data, the researcher used descriptive qualitative analysis, which was based on the theory from Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, Walker (2014). As the results, the researcher revealed that the EFL students applied critical thinking in speaking activities based on the indicators of critical thinking from some authors that had been summarized into six sections. The levels of critical thinking achieved by the EFL students were level of Understand and Apply which indicated as low level, and level of Evaluate which indicated as high level.
Discovering Students’ Cognitive Perspective on the Use of Cooperative Learning in EFL Classroom
Authors: Fauziah Nida , Dewi Nita Sari Narulita , Hidayati Arini Nurul , Abdullah Fuad
Published: September 2022

Cooperative learning is a learning method in which students with different learning abilities are conditioned to work together in a group to achieve the same learning goals. Johnson, Johnson, and Smith (2013) added that in cooperative learning students can work together and maximize their learning. This study aims to explore what students' cognitive perspectives have experienced when learning English in the classroom using the cooperative learning method. The data collection technique used was semi-structured interviews conducted on three students as participants in this study. The data was processed qualitatively using thematic analysis. The findings of this study indicate positive things based on students' learning experiences using cooperative learning methods, namely, among others, students are able to find partners who can support and increase their effectiveness in learning and also the emergence of responsibility in learning achievement.
Pola Pemilihan Bahasa Kelompok Pendatang Pendalungan di Wilayah Roomo Pesisir, Gresik : Studi Etnososiolinguistik
Authors: Yanti Putri Indah , Yulianto Bambang , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: September 2022

Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian yang mengaji tentang kode bahasa yang dipakai oleh masyarakat pendatang dari wilayah Tapal Kuda Jawa Timur yang tinggal dan menetap di wilayah Roomo Pesisir, Gresik beserta pola bahasanya. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara. Pada tahap analisis data, menggunakan teknik etnometodologi yang ada dalam Etnososiolinguistik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga kode bahasa masyarakat pendatang di wilayah Roomo Pesisir, Gresik dengan rincian: 1) bahasa Indonesia; 2) bahasa Jawa (ngoko dan krama); 3) bahasa Madura (kasar), dan tujuh pola pemilihan bahasa yakni 1) Bahasa sehari-hari dalam keluarga; 2) Bahasa di sekolah/tempat kerja; 3) Bahasa dengan sesama pendatang dari daerah yang sama; 4) Bahasa pada acara (hajatan, posyandu, vaksin, pengajian, dsb.); 5) Bahasa dengan orang tua; 6) Bahasa berdasarkan etnis; 7) Bahasa berdasarkan status sosial (pendidikan/jabatan). Ketujuh pola bahasa tersebut merupakan akibat dari pergesekan penggunaan tiga bahasa dalam oleh penutur dan waktu yang sama.
Pembelajaran Linguistik Terapan dengan Metode Flipped Learning pada Mata Kuliah Psycholinguistics
Authors: Sari Dian Shinta
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi proses penerapan metode Flipped Learning di kelas Psycholinguistics. Desain dari penelitian ini adalah diskriptif kualitatif.. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester 6 Program Study Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris yang terdiri dari 30 mahasiswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi kelas dan observasi kerja kelompok. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan mahasiswa melaksanakan kegiatan dalam  proses pembelajaran dengan metode flipped learning sesuai dengan role masing- masing. Kegiatan membaca materi dan partisipasi dalam diskusi mengindikasikan mahasiswa lebih aktif dan bertanggung jawab pada proses pembelajaran yang menerapkan metode flipped learning. Data menunjukkan rata- rata frekuasi respon membaca mahasiswa pada mata kuliah psycholinguistics adalah 8.0 dari frekuensi maksimal 10 respon. Kualitas respon membaca bervariasi dari rentang Fair (38%); Good (26%) dan Excellent (36%). Di sisi lain, diskusi kelompok dan diskusi kelas selama proses belajar mengajar di kelas didominasi oleh 8 mahasiswa (26.7%) dari total 30 mahasiswa. 17 mahasiswa (56.7%) berpartisipasi di bawah rata- rata frekuensi partisipasi, dan hanya 5 mahasiswa yang memenuhi rata partisipasi (16.7%). Rata – rata frekuensi partisipasi adalah 2.9 kali.
Medan Makna Berkebun Karet dalam Bahasa Dayak Dialek Belangin Desa Muun (Kajian Semantik)
Authors: Lizawati Lizawati , Ester Ester , Herlina Herlina
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan komponen makna yang terdapat dalam medan makna berkebun karet dalam BDDB, jenis makna dalam medan medan berkebun karet dalam BDDB, dan peran semantis  dalam  medan  makna  berkebun  karet  dalam  BDDB.  Metode  penelitian  yang  digunakan  dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan bentuk kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa bahasa Dayak dialek Belangin yang digunakan informan, sedangkan data dalam penelitian ini kata-kata yang dituturkan informan yang mengandung medan makna berkebun karet. Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi langsung, teknik simak   libat cakap dan   wawancara, alat pengumpul data berupa panduan   observasi, alat perekam suara    dan    panduan  wawancara.  Teknik  pemeriksaan  keabsahaan  data  menggunakan  triangulasi sumber dan teori. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif.  Hasil penelitian ialah terdapat 44 leksem yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan berkebun karet; 29 leksem dikategorikan sebagai verba; 15 leksem dikategorikan sebagai nomina. Terdapat 37  makna leksikal; sebelas kategori makna kolokatif berupa kegiatan menggunakan  alat, kegiatan  tanpa  alat,  peralatan  berbahan logam,  peralatan  berbahan  anyaman,  peralatan berbahan  kayu,  peralatan  berbahan  plastik,  peralatan  berbahan  batu,  peralatan  berbahan  seng,  peralatan berbahan daun, peralatan berbahan batok kelapa, peralatan berbahan bambu. Terdapat 29 leksem dengan fungsi semantis verba; 15 leksem dengan fungsi semantik nomina.
Investigation of Wavelet Entropy of Spinor Type Instanton Solutions in a 4-Dimensional Model
Authors: AK Mine
Published: September 2022

In recent years, many methods have been proposed in various fields to investigate the properties of orbits of nonlinear dynamical systems. In this study, the characteristics of the orbits of spinor-type instanton solutions in the four-dimensional Gursey model via Heisenberg ansatz is investigated. The orbits of spinor-type instanton solutions are analyzed by Shannon wavelet entropy (WE) method. In order to analyze the regular or irregular states of the orbits of spinor-type instanton solutions, WE spectrum and WE in phase space are studied. It is observed that spinor-type instanton solutions have regular orbits around the fixed point and irregular orbits for other points. According to this study, WE can be used to observe the entropy evolution of nonlinear dynamical systems in phase space.
Situation Analysis of Digital Literacy of Public-School Teachers in Punjab
Authors: Hamid Sara , Aftab Muhammad Javed , Rehman Navid-ur-
Published: September 2022

The current study aimed at investigating the situation of digital literacy of public school teachers in Punjab. A self-prepared questionnaire was developed to examine the digital literacy of teachers in Punjab. The study focused on situation analysis of digital literacy of teachers that is helpful; to improving digital skills of teachers and analyzing the importance of digitalization and it's raising perspectives during COVID-19. The research study was carried out in 36 districts of Punjab, with 1000 teachers from the school education department participating as respondents. This was quantitative research. The results were analyzed using SPSS by independent sample t-test, ANOVA test, frequencies, percentage, means,and standard deviation. The opinion of respondents shows significant results regarding the importance of digital literacy for teachers and its rising perspectives. Through this situation analysis, the outcomes have also indicated that teachers should have good digital abilities, as the present situation of COVID-19 has changed the whole scenario of the world and digitalized education. So, it is a dire need to polish teachers' digital literacy skills in order to get effective outcomes in the realm of education.
Gender Construct Through Visual Culture in Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Huma , Sultana Aneela
Published: September 2022

Culture is an expression of society that is reflected in the visual arts. It interprets events from a socio-cultural point of view about the issues arising in that setting. In Pakistan, people have greatly imbibed gender perceptions through visual culture. Therefore, it has resulted in bigoted people in society. A visual culture is a visual presentation of gender that is conditioned by bigotry, racism, and sexism. Visual artists and development professionals have noted the gulf between the contents of visual culture and the real facts. Even the art students enormously agreed with the contrasting depiction of gender, which leads to the imbalance of gender constructs in society. This research aims to explore in detail the dynamics of Visual Culture concerning gender representation and encourage people to talk about gender issues, especially through art. Moreover, it aims to orient society to the norms that may be helpful to reduce gender discrimination.
Critical Discourse Analysis of Language and Visuals in Beauty Advertisements
Authors: Saeed Laraib , Khan Shaista Irshad
Published: September 2022

Language and the function it performs in producing meaning is one of the main aims of critical discourse analysis. Discourse analysis deconstructs social practices to examine the ways in which information is conveyed. In this regard, advertisements play a significant role in influencing ideologies. This paper aims to analyze the ideology of "beauty standards" portrayed in different advertisements for popular beauty products. This study is based on Norman Fair clough's three-dimensional model of CDA, which examines how the advertiser's use of language and visual representations of such beauty products attract and manipulate women. The analysis also discusses the ways in which such companies in power present the stereotypical view of beauty associated with"whiteness" and presents it as something essential to living a better life,thus controlling the minds of people.
Creation of Fake Identities on Social Media: An Analysis of Facebook
Authors: Taj Sohail , Shah Babar Hussain
Published: September 2022

Facebook is one of the most popular social networking sites, but some call it a "fake book" (Mülle and Schulz, 2019). Hence to explore the phenomenon of fake identities, the study examined how Facebook users construct their identities and how much profile information is phony. The study used a survey methodology, and 647 university students (252 male and 351 female) participated. Facebook has 14 fields of profile data against which respondents have answered on the Likert scale whether they disclose their accurate information. The study found that both male (mean score 1.9)and female (mean score 2.3) Facebook users create fake identities, but women create more fake identities than men.
The Need for Interventions to Reduce Time Spent on Social Media and Strengthening of Family Relationships in University Students
Authors: Khan Rania , Jafree Sara Rizvi
Published: September 2022

Pakistan is known for its strong family bonds. University students need strong support from their families for the maintenance of ethics, health and production. However, there is fear that greater use of social media is contributing to the weakening of family relations. This research aims to identify the relationship between time spent on social media and the quality of family relationships of university students. A total of 200 students were sampled. Welch ANOVA showed that the mean difference of family relations to social media usage was statistically significant, Fw (3,92.91) = 8.258, p<0.01 and the Games Howell post hoc test reveals that the quality of family relations was significantly lower when social media usage is more than 5 hours (21.8 +- 11.1). The paper discusses possible interventions to reduce social media usage and improve family quality time, which can be helpful for policymakers, psychologists, social workers, and social welfare officers.
Exploring Representation of the Christian community on Electronic and Social Media in Pakistan: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Ghouri Seemab Jamil , David Ashbeel Haleem , Hussain Muhammad Sabboor
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to explore the representation of Christian son electronic and social media in Pakistan. The study is based on the qualitative research method using Van Dijk's socio-cognitive model.The research results indicate that Pakistani electronic media is more concerned about market dynamics and power structures than constitutional narratives. Only the elite segment of the population,particularly politicians and business tycoons, can access electronic media. Another theme is the poor portrait of the Christian community,which is persecuted without adequate redressal. Moreover, access to social media is a great source for Christians to get coverage about the issue of forced conversions and marriages. In conclusion, this research suggests that the government must revise the PEMRA laws to ensure pluralism, freedom of speech and diversity. It is also argued that students should equip with tools like this research employed to analyze dominant discourses.
Humour in Relevance Theory: A Contextual Analysis of Tasi’s Poetry
Authors: Zahoor Asma
Published: September 2022

This study aims at exploring Tariq Tasi's poetry during the first spell of COVID-19 when face-to-face human interaction was drastically limited. He kept writing on contemporary issues using satire as a literary genre that employs humor, irony and ridicule to highlight social issues.This study is delimited to Tasi's Urdu poetry shared on Whats App in the months of March, April and May 2020 in the post-COVID-19 scenario. The discourse has been analyzed using the conceptual framework of DanSperber and Deirdre Wilson's (2006) relevance theory of humor using discourse analysis as a research method. The analysis reveals how using asocial media app as a swift means of circulation, the poet highlights contemporary social issues and follies of human behavior to which people can relate quite easily and further circulate to create ripples in the human minds to ponder. His poetry presents the sudden desolation of the world because of the unseen, unimaginably strong enemy called Corona that changed the world.
Exploring the Internal and External Attributes of Rising Fear: A Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's Women Journalists
Authors: Ijaz Ramal , Faheem Muhammad , Naseem Farwa
Published: September 2022

he objective of this study is to explore the factors behind fear factors that are compelling women journalists to go for self-censorship. This study documents the concept of self-censorship adopted largely by women journalists in Pakistan. The idea behind doing so is to safeguard themselves in various situations, particularly in times of distress and serious matters from pressure groups and threatening bodies. The study at hand is qualitative in nature where in-depth interviews were done. Seven women journalists from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – Pakistan, were interviewed with an experience of 10years at least in the field of journalism and survived the terror attacks while providing their dedication to the field of journalism. Respondents of the study were selected through purposive sampling, and thematic-analysis was acquired to generate meanings from the data collected. The results show that fear has different variables that affect everyone differently. The greater the fear triggering women journalists, the greater will be the sense of self-censorship adopted.
Female Primary School Teachers Problems in 21st Century: A Case of Southern Punjab
Authors: Malik Navid Jamil , Munir Namra , Shahzad Muhammad Asif
Published: September 2022

The 21st century revolutionized primary education across the globe in terms of universal primary education (UPE) and education for all (EFL), but in 3rd world countries, primary school teachers, especially female primary school teachers, are facing a lot of problems. The current study focused on the female primary school teachers' problems in the 21st century and set an objective of the study to find out the problems of female teachers working at primary schools. The sample of the study consists of female primary school teachers (270)through a simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used as a data collection tool, and statistical techniques of frequency and means scores were calculated. The study concluded that the administrative behavioral issues create problems for female primary school teachers as the rigid behavior of the head mistress and lack of discipline and management at primary schools. The study may recommend leadership and management trainings for headmistresses.
An Analysis of the Participants Disagreement Strategies in Computer- mediated Intercultural Communication (CMIC)
Authors: Ishtiaq Muhammad , Gul Nasim , Iqbal Sahibzada Wasim
Published: September 2022

This study explores disagreement strategies in the context of a multicultural Computer-mediated-classroom (CMC) with English as a medium of instruction and communication. It studies how disagreement strategies are influenced by the participants' own cultural pragmatic rules and pose problems for others to follow them as intended. The speech acts of strong and mitigated disagreement are analyzed in detail, with different participants employing different strategies as adopted from their respective cultures. CMC, being a contemporary medium of communication in its own right, is rich in new possibilities for intercultural exchange and collaboration in virtual rather than physical space in which the participants' strategies express differing opinions, or a change in the interpretation of an idea, in the form of contrastive connectives and concussive transition markers. The study concludes that speakers with a lower level of linguistic competence need to be equipped with essential pragmalingusitc strategies and skills in disagreement strategies in intercultural situations.
An Overview of Arthur Miller's Play All My Sons and Locating Aspects Concerning Capitalist Failure
Authors: Shah Farooq , Altaf Muhammad , Islam Saddam Ul
Published: September 2022

This paper aims at exploring the mentality of the people which was shaped by the capitalist doctrine and how this mental state led the characters to take reckless and unethical decisions. The Marxist analysis is used to unravel multiple motivations and reasons behind those decisions, so basically, this study owes a debt to Karl Marx's class struggle and identification. The attitudes of the people are observed and looked at carefully through the Marxist lens, and the impact and failure of capitalism are identified. This research is organized on the basis of sharp textual and interpretative analysis of the text All My Sons by Arthur Miller under the umbrella of qualitative research method and the curious quest of the research questions besides the objectives to be explored under the lens of Marxist concepts; Class Conflict, Oppression, Exploitation and Commodification. The paper reveals how class conflict leads to the oppression of the masses.
The Impact of Psychological Safety on Creative Performance: Mediating Role of Job Involvement
Authors: Akhtar Shazia , Malik Muhammad Faisal , Naeem Muhammad Zeshan
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted with the aim of identifying the impact of psychological safety on creative performance, not in isolation, but by taking job involvement as a mediator. A plethora of research is available that is considered psychological safety and creativity. However, psychological safety has the potential to evoke and motivate employees to involve themselves in work-related activities. Positivism research philosophy was adopted, followed by a deductive approach. 132 sample size was finalized from the employees working in public sector related organizations. The results suggested that psychological safety significantly contributes to the creative performance of employees and job involvement is partially mediating the said relationship.
Coverage of Populism Related Content in Pakistani Media: An Analysis of the Coverage of Dawn and The News
Authors: Ullah Fazal , Marwan Amir Hamza , Anwar Mussarat
Published: September 2022

Populists are dominating the world's political situation. The election campaign of Donald Trump in the United States, the emergence of right-wing populist parties in Eastern Europe, and the popularity of Narendra Modi ofIndia prove that we live in a populist world. Populism has also returned to Pakistan as cricketer-turning politician Imran Khan's popularity was attributed to a massive publicity campaign. This article aims to evaluate the populist coverage of PakistanâÂÂs political parties in media. This research study aims to answer the question of which political party shares more populist views, in what form they share it, and who the targets of these populist views are. Therese archer has utilized the âÂÂQuantitative Content AnalysisâÂÂ as a research method to answer the outstanding research questions. The news coverage of the two leading English-language newspapers of Pakistan, namely Dawn and The News International, has been studied. A total of 278 news stories we reexamined during the month of the 2018 elections. The findings support that Pakistan Tahreek-e-Insaf was the most populist party and the Shariffamily/PMLN was the prime target of anti-elitist views shared by PTI.Findings also support that The News International gave more coverage to populist narratives than Dawn.
Personal Branding: A Study on the Effects of Sociability and Charisma on Perceived Competence and Authenticity
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Rehan , Sultan Raja Muhammad Yasin , Shahzad Adeel
Published: September 2022

Competition and complexity have increased many folds in professional arenas. The world is now becoming more integrated. However,the trend of personal success is gaining more importance in our lives. The process of Personal Branding is similar to Celebrity Branding. Professionals use it as a tool for creating an intended professional image and enhancing career success. There have been books and research on Personal Development,self-improvement, and personal management since 1960. However, Personal Branding is differentiated from regular branding practices as it focuses on personal strengths and talents. It helps the professionals to differentiate themselves from their competitors and achieve intended professional goals.Personal Branding is not synonymous with becoming famous or acquiring celebrity status. Instead, it focuses on building a reputation as a professional and creating a positive image for the relevant target audience.
Changing Trends in Indigenous Language Use in Pakistani Rural Community
Authors: Tabassum Samina , Qadir Samina Amin
Published: September 2022

The study investigates the speech practices of rural Pothohari speakers in the home domain in the light of demographic variables: income, age, education and occupation. It discovers various social, economic, political and affective factors and their complex relationship with respect to language preferences and changes in patterns of use. The data for the study comes from recorded dinner time conversations of the native Pothohari speakers and their interviews. The study highlights interesting facts about family language use, language choices and the sociolinguistic situation of the Pthothari speech community. The findings suggest that Pothohari is undergoing the complex process of language shift and desertion. It is expected that the study will be a move toward raising awareness about endangering the subsistence of the indigenous language and will broaden the understanding regarding language maintenance and the shifting process.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Teaching as a Career and Research Productivity of University Teachers: A Qualitative Perspective
Authors: Akbar Gulnaz , Nausheen Munaza
Published: September 2022

The Authors used current influential models from the literature to explore the factors influencing the choice of teaching as a career and the research productivity of university teachers. The study was qualitative in nature. An interview protocol having ten open-ended questions about the influencing factors of teaching as a career choice and research productivity was used to collect data from a sample of 30 university teachers. The face-to-face and online interviews tried to explore and identify factors influencing the choice of teaching as a career and research productivity of university teachers.The study made several theoretical as well as practical contributions. A nunderstanding of the factors for the choice of teaching profession and research productivity has implications for planning and the development of teacher recruitment and promotion policies. The researchers extended the value component of the value-expectancy motivational framework and provided a theoretical and analytical framework to help guide future investigations in this area.
The Impacts of El Nino and La Nina on the Global Weather Condition and Possible Remedial Measures
Authors: Ahmad Khalil , Zafar Asifa , Ayaz
Published: September 2022

This research aims to investigate the socio-economic and political"impacts of El Nino and La Nina on" global weather conditions. The analogies El Nino - La Nina means "Little baby boy and Little baby girl" are the two different hot and cold climate patterns that developed in the Pacific Ocean due to the warm "Trade Wind", adversely affecting the global weather conditions.The trade winds are permanently flowing from the high-pressure area to low pressure belt between the latitudes of 30Â° and 40Â° N and S, bringing more rainfall and causing floods. This phenomenon of "El Nino and La Nina" has the worst impacts on global climate and weather conditions. This mixed high variations in the temperature, and up welling resulting the swear hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean, frequent tornado's in the Atlantic Ocean, destructive tropical cyclones and tsunamis in the Indo-Pacific and the hot surface of the oceanswater are the major indicators of increased global change in the weather conditions.
Sino-US Global Competitive Dynamics Post 9/11 and its Impacts on Pakistan's Security
Authors: Gul Noman , Ullah Fareed , Shah Azmat Ali
Published: September 2022

In this paper we examine the security implications for Pakistan after the engagement of two powerful states, China and United States. After the incident of September 11, 2001 (9/11) and their security impacts in the capacity of Pakistan's domestic and peripheral front. Their rivalry in the 21st century at the geo strategic, geopolitical and geo-economic level have been explained on the basis of realism, neo-realism and complex interdependence philosophies of international relations. The drastic political and strategic change in the status of Kashmir propelled Pakistan and China to review their foreign policies in future. In response, China wants Pakistan a strategic partner to closely look onto Afghanistan's political crisis during and after the withdrawal of the US from Afghanistan. However, the strategic relationship nuclear partnership between America and India has allowed the Sino-Pak strategic and nuclear partnership to level the magnitude of the United States' influence in South Asia. The issue of cross border terrorism, infiltration from Afghanistan and Indian espionage policy further sabotaged peace and security calculus in Pakistan's internal and external levels. India-Afghanistan Strategic Partnership has further deteriorated Pakistan's relations with Afghanistan.
Pragmatic Model of Countering Violent Extremism for Pakistan
Authors: Ejaz Muhammad , Ahmed Waqas , Jamshed
Published: September 2022

Violent extremism has become a constant threat to the stability and very existence of the state of Pakistan. State adopted the foreign approaches and models to deal with the violent extremism without understanding the local environment and the drivers of violent extremism. The indiscriminate applications of traditional approaches without taking into account contextual model have made all the attempts of the state directionless and miscarry. This study is an attempt to construct a contextual and multi-dimensional model of countering violent extremism for Pakistan. The qualitative methodology has been adopted, to dealing with the research objectives. The study utilizes the review of existing literature, non-structured interviews and personal reflections for the collection of empirical data. The proposed model is comprehensive, contextual and impeccable. Likewise, it is practical, because it treats the non-violent non-state actors, such as, civil societies as vital actor, as violent extremism cannot be transformed with only the involvement of state authorities.
British Colonial Imperialism and Pashtun Resistance under Islamic Jihad: An Analysis of Umbeyla Campaign (1863)
Authors: Hussain Ibrar , Xingang Wang , Fatima Aroosa
Published: September 2022

This paper attempts to analyze the British Colonial Rule in the Indian North-West Frontier Region with respect to the Islamic Jihad led by Pashtuns tribes at Umbeyla (Buner) in 1863. The British annexation of this region resulted in bringing the Pashtoons into direct contact with their new master. Afterwards, the British launched almost sixty expeditions against the tribes of this region between 1849 to 1899. The Umbeyla campaign-in 1863 was one such expedition which showed British imperial design, the first ever large-scale confrontation between the two opponents in this region. Here, the British tested their forces against the native Pashtoon tribes,where the latter engaged the colonial forces and attacked them frequently. Religious and ideological resistance by the Pakhtun tribes will be focused on in this work. The British successfully defeated the stronghold of Pukhtuntribes in the town of Malka. The Umbeyla Campaign was part of a Britain strategy to assert control of the North West Frontier by countering the increasing unrest and resistance in Buner to British rule. The British succeeded in extending their rule at Pukhtuns' territory but at the cost of huge losses.
Silver Reef Mining District
Authors: Biek Robert
Published: September 2022

The Silver Reef mining district in southwestern Utah is a geologic anomaly, a historical curiosity, and an ecological novelty. It is one of the few places in the world where economic disseminated silver chloride (chlorargyrite or horn silver) was produced from sandstone. The area is a little-known ghost town, now reborn as the upscale residential community of Silver Reef with deep ties to its history. The old Wells Fargo Bank Building, home of the Silver Reef Museum, is listed on the National and Utah State Registers of Historic Buildings, and several other historic buildings and sites make this a fascinating area to visit. Finally, the mining district lies near the junction of the Mohave and Great Basin ecological provinces and so contains an assemblage of plants and animals common to both regions; its mines are habitat for bats, including species considered imperiled in the state.
The Palisades at Sheep Creek Canyon Geological Area
Authors: Sprinkel Douglas
Published: September 2022

The Palisades is an impressive ridge within the Sheep Creek Canyon Geological Area—an area nestled on the north flank of the eastern Uinta Mountains not far from Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area. Sheep Creek cuts through the Palisades, as well as the heart of the geological area, to reveal about 800 million years of geology, from ancient environments to the rise and ultimate erosion of the Uinta Mountains. The oldest rocks exposed at the Palisades comprise the upper part of the Neoproterozoic (about 770 million years ago) Uinta Mountain Group, which have been thrusted upon the Mississippian (about 350 million years ago) Deseret Limestone (equivalent to the upper Madison Limestone). That thrust fault and others exposed along the north and south sides of the Palisades are part of the Uinta thrust fault zone, which is responsible for intense folding of both formations. Although the uplift of the Uinta Mountains and related deformation along the Uinta fault zone set the stage for development of the Palisades, it was erosion that revealed and shaped this spectacular feature.
Lacustrine source rocks and unconventional oil resource plays
Authors: Schmude David , Berwick Brian
Published: September 2022

Much information exists on unconventional oil resource plays, their drivers to success and sweet-spot fair- ways. To date, most of the successful oil resource plays are marine Type II kerogen driven systems. Little to  no information is available on successful oil resource plays with lacustrine type I kerogen source rocks and in rock as young as Tertiary age. This paper sets out to define the drivers and provide a case study for such plays  with the Green River oil resource play of Utah’s Uinta Basin as an example. The Green River petroleum sys- tem of the Uinta Basin has generated vast amounts of hydrocarbons, in the form of gilsonite (~10 billion bar- rels), tar sands (~12 billion barrels), and oil (>700 million barrels) (Johnson, 2016; Schamel, 2015). In addi- tion, the USGS estimates an additional 1.32 trillion barrels of in-place resource in the oil shales of the Green  River Formation. Lacustrine source rocks and their type I kerogen follow a different generative path to immis- cible oil generation than the more common marine derived type II kerogens. The oil generative capacity of this  lacustrine source is much greater than that of type II kerogen and is characterized by a distinctive highly paraf- finic crude oil. These unique aspects provide exceptionally elevated formation pressures within the source rock  in the oil generative window, setting it apart from other unconventional oil resource plays. As in all unconven- tional oil resource plays, identification and mapping of the best source rock is key to defining sweet-spots  within the play. With an understanding of source rock distribution and thermal maturity, the extents of the play  and resource in-place can be defined aerially for the numerous productive intervals of the Green River For- mation. Finally, we will address the key attributes of this petroleum system such that it may be used as a model  for other possible lacustrine sourced unconventional oil resource plays.