bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Printable Tough Adhesives with In Situ Benignly Triggered Mechanical Enhancements
Authors: Ma Zhenwei , Huo Ran , Nottegar Alexander , Chung‐Tze‐Cheong Christopher , Gao Qiman , Lan Xiaoyi , Gao Zu‐hua , Li Jianyu
Published: July 2024

Adhesives can intimately connect humans to machines, seamlessly bond diverse tissues in the human body, and manage various diseases. However, the precise spatial control of wet and tough adhesion of biocompatible hydrogels on biological tissues remains a major challenge. Inspired by the bioglue secreted by sandcastle worms, the design of printable tough adhesives (PTAs) is proposed, a supramolecular hydrogel that can be printed into defined structures, in situ mechanically reinforced into a tough matrix with physiologically relevant benign triggers, and strongly adhere to diverse substrates. With carefully selected polymer components and ratios, it is discovered that the 3D printed PTAs can achieve a marked increase in toughness, tensile strength, and stiffness after being immersed in water/saline solution or attached to biological tissues. To assess the robust toughening mechanism triggered by the supramolecular interactions, the effects of polymer content and pH on the mechanical performance of PTAs and the kinetics of their triggered reinforcement are thoroughly investigated. The potential of PTAs is further demonstrated for manufacturing tough connective tissue mimetics, controlling patterned bioadhesion, and designing programmable 4D soft robotics. The bioinspired, printable, benignly triggerable, and adhesive supramolecular PTAs are expected to find broad applications in engineering and medicine.
Unprecedented Strength Enhancement Observed in Interpenetrating Phase Composites of Aperiodic Lattice Metamaterials
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Li Zhendong , Deng Junjie , Gao Tianyu , Zeng Kexin , Guo Xiao , Li Xinwei , Zhai Wei , Wang Zhonggang
Published: July 2024

Simultaneous high strength and high toughness are highly sought‐after in lattice metamaterials, but these properties are typically mutually exclusive. To overcome this challenge, the development of interpenetrating phase composite (IPC), which incorporates a net matrix infill into the lattice, has shown great potential in overcoming these constraints and is thus of continuous practical interest. In this work, a novel aperiodic monotile truss lattice and polymer IPC that exhibit unprecedented enhancement in both strength and toughness are reported. Specifically, the aperiodic unit cell is inspired by Einstein's monotile, a single space‐filling shape where the cell orientation never repeats. The IPCs are achieved through 3D‐printed Ti‐6Al‐4V truss lattices and epoxy infiltration. The highest gain in compressive strength reveals an impressive 246.61% increase, significantly exceeding the “1 + 1 > 2” idealization typically associated with strength in IPC metamaterials. Furthermore, a high specific energy absorption of 46.2 J g−1 demonstrates superior toughness. The underlying mechanisms, including damage sequences, two‐phase interactions, and geometric effects between truss and epoxy, are fully elucidated. Overall, this work reports unprecedented enhancement in IPC's properties and demonstrates the potential of utilizing idealized structures to achieve an optimal combination of strength and toughness in mechanical metamaterials.
Pb2+ Transfer‐Enabled Recoverable Hydrogel‐Based H2S Colorimetric Sensing with Assistance of Multimodal Deep Learning for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Chen Yajing , Zhang Dongzhi , Wang Zijian , Tang Mingcong , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2024

Recoverable and humidity‐tolerant colorimetric sensors are extremely difficult to overcome. In this work, a composite hydrogel sensor based on chelation reaction is proposed for the first time to achieve ultra‐fast recovery and ultra‐low detection limit (LOD) of H2S colorimetric sensing. The composite hydrogel sensor is constructed by polyvinyl alcohol/boric acid/Pb2+ (PVA/Bn/Pb) hydrogel sensing layer and polyacrylamide/sodium alginate (PAM/SA) hydrogel adsorption layer. The change from white to brown is achieved in H2S and can be restored when placed in the air. The response/recovery mechanism is explained by the transfer of Pb2+ between hydrogels and the formation of an “Alginate‐Pb2+” with egg‐box structure during the process. The multimodal fusion deep neural network (MF‐DNN) can overcome the error caused by hydrogel aging. Due to the excellent loading and diffusion function provided by the 3D structure of hydrogel, the sensor has a broad detection range of 0.2–100 ppm, a response/recovery time of 10s/32s, and a theoretical LOD of 0.026 ppm. A smartphone‐based H2S sensing system is developed to enable non‐invasive halitosis diagnosis, egg freshness detection, and remote H2S monitoring and alarming. The system is recoverable, humidity‐tolerant, capable of ultrafast detection and widely applicable. This work provides inspiration for humidity‐tolerant and recoverable H2S gas sensing.
Photo‐Directed Growth of Surface Micro‐Patterns on Photosensitive Semicrystalline Polymers
Authors: Yan Shuzhen , Chen Shuai , Deng XinLu , Ma Tianjiao , Li Tiantian , Li Jin , Jiang Xuesong
Published: July 2024

Patterning polymeric materials with controllable microstructures can meet diversified requirements and realize promising applications. Exploring micro‐/nano‐pattern methodology offers possibilities for future techniques, however, the self‐organized growth of polymeric materials has some limitations and the development of direct and noncontact patterning processes is still challenging. In this work, the study presents a facile strategy for endowing polymers with spatially regulated microstructures by direct photo‐printing, which incorporates both advantages of typical top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. By employing the photodimerization of anthracene‐containing semi‐crystallized polymers, the gradient crosslinking results in a mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients between the crosslinked surface and the uncrosslinked bottom layer. After heating treatment, constrained by the crosslinked surface, the uncrosslinked bottom polymer of the molten state in the exposed region tends to flow and migrate toward the unexposed region, similar to a volcanic eruption, which accurately determines the height and morphology of pattern. Besides, the well‐defined patterns can controllably grow upon thermal treatment due to phase transformation and migration. The versatility of the proposed strategy not only provides a brand‐new reliable platform to pattern functional materials with photo‐regulated and reversible microstructures, but also promotes the development of smart materials that can find applications in information safety, reversible microfluidics, and electronic devices.
Reversible Intercalation of Organic Solvents in Graphite and Its Hindrance by a Strongly Adsorbing Supramolecular Monolayer
Authors: Badami‐Behjat Arash , Rinkovec Tamara , Procházka Pavel , Bazylevska Anastasiia , RodríguezGonzález Miriam C. , Cao Hai , Čechal Jan , De Feyter Steven , Lackinger Markus
Published: July 2024

At elevated temperatures, the prototypical organic solvents used to study the self‐assembly of supramolecular monolayers at liquid–solid interfaces alter a graphite substrate by intercalation. As a consequence, less strongly bound supramolecular monolayers become thermodynamically unstable, as probed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Complementary characterization by atomic force microscopy, confocal Raman spectroscopy and low energy electron microscopy consistently points to subsurface changes in the top few layers of the graphite substrate due to solvent intercalation. High‐temperature annealing at 900 °C in the vacuum restores the adsorption properties of the graphite substrates, indicating a high activation energy for deintercalation. However, strongly adsorbing hydrogen‐bonded monolayers of trimesic acid inhibit solvent intercalation and thus protect the graphite substrate. Mildly solvent‐intercalated graphite may prove useful as an easily prepared graphitic material with further weakened adsorption properties.
Identification of Hypoxia‐ALCAMhigh Macrophage‐ Exhausted T Cell Axis in Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling for Immunotherapy Resistance
Authors: Xun Zhenzhen , Zhou Huanran , Shen Mingyi , Liu Yao , Sun Chengcao , Du Yanhua , Jiang Zhou , Yang Liuqing , Zhang Qing , Lin Chunru , Hu Qingsong , Ye Youqiong , Han Leng
Published: July 2024

Although hypoxia is known to be associated with immune resistance, the adaptability to hypoxia by different cell populations in the tumor microenvironment and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This knowledge gap has hindered the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome tumor immune resistance induced by hypoxia. Here, bulk, single‐cell, and spatial transcriptomics are integrated to characterize hypoxia associated with immune escape during carcinogenesis and reveal a hypoxia‐based intercellular communication hub consisting of malignant cells, ALCAMhigh macrophages, and exhausted CD8+ T cells around the tumor boundary. A hypoxic microenvironment promotes binding of HIF‐1α complex is demonstrated to the ALCAM promoter therefore increasing its expression in macrophages, and the ALCAMhigh macrophages co‐localize with exhausted CD8+ T cells in the tumor spatial microenvironment and promote T cell exhaustion. Preclinically, HIF‐1ɑ inhibition reduces ALCAM expression in macrophages and exhausted CD8+ T cells and potentiates T cell antitumor function to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. This study reveals the systematic landscape of hypoxia at single‐cell resolution and spatial architecture and highlights the effect of hypoxia on immunotherapy resistance through the ALCAMhigh macrophage‐exhausted T cell axis, providing a novel immunotherapeutic strategy to overcome hypoxia‐induced resistance in cancers.
Post‐Treated Polycrystalline SnO2 in Perovskite Solar Cells for High Efficiency and Quasi‐Steady‐State‐IV Stability
Authors: Song Ji Won , Shin Yun Seop , Kim Minjin , Lee Jaehwi , Lee Dongmin , Seo Jongdeuk , Lee YeonJeong , Lee Woosuk , Kim Hak‐Beom , Mo Sung‐In , An Jeong‐Ho , Hong Ji‐Eun , Kim Jin Young , Jeon Il , Jo Yimhyun , Kim Dong Suk
Published: July 2024

The prominent chemical bath deposition (CBD) method leverages tin dioxide (SnO2) as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), achieving exceptional efficiency. The deposition of SnO2, however, can lead to the formation of oxygen vacancies and surface defects, which subsequently contribute to performance challenges such as hysteresis and instability under light‐soaking conditions. To alleviate these issues, it is crucial to address heterointerface defects and ensure the uniform coverage of SnO2 on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates. Herein, the efficacy of tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4) post‐treatment in enhancing the properties of the SnO2‐ETL and the performances of PSCs are presented. The treatment with SnCl4 not only removes undesired agglomerated SnO2 nanoparticles from the surface of CBD SnO2 but also improves its crystallinity through a recrystallization process. This leads to an optimized interface between the SnO2‐ETL and perovskite, effectively minimizing defects while promoting efficient electron transport. The resultant PSCs demonstrate improved performance, achieving an efficiency of 25.56% (certified with 24.92%), while retaining 95.84% of the initial PCE under ambient storage conditions. Additionally, PSCs treated with SnCl4 endure prolonged light‐soaking tests, particularly when subjected to quasi‐steady‐state‐IV measurements. This highlights the potential of SnCl4 treatment as a promising strategy for advancing PSC technology.
Activation of MOF Catalysts with Low Steric Hindrance via Undercoordination Chemistry for Efficient Polysulfide Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Zhang Xiaomin , Wang Xingbo , Liu Jiabing , Li Shibin , Nie Yihang , Zong Kai , Zhang Xiaoyu , Meng Hao , Jin Mingliang , Yang Lin , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: July 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries promise high theoretical energy density and cost‐effectiveness but grapple with challenges like the polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish kinetics. Metal–organic framework (MOF) catalysts emerge as a leading solution, despite limited conductivity and high steric hindrance. This study employs undercoordination chemistry to modify Zn–Co bimetallic MOFs (D‐ZIF L), removing organic ligands from active centers. This process mitigates spatial hindrance, thereby promoting comprehensive contact between sulfur species and metal active centers, consequently enhancing the catalytic efficiency of MOFs. Moreover, undercoordination treatment of the metal active centers induces electron redistribution, augmenting electron density at the Fermi level of the metal elements, thereby ameliorating the intrinsic conductivity. Leveraging these advantages, fabricated Li–S batteries employing D‐ZIF L catalysts exhibited markedly mitigated shuttling effects and accelerated sulfur species conversion kinetics. Notably, a substantial reverse areal capacity of 5.0 mAh cm⁻2 is achieved after 100 cycles with an evaluated sulfur loading of 5.5 mg cm⁻2. Furthermore, a practical pouch cell demonstrated an initial capacity of 1.8 Ah at 85.8 mA with stable cycling for 50 cycles. This study underscores the potential of undercoordination chemistry in the development of highly conductive MOF catalysts with minimized steric hindrance, thereby advancing the prospects of Li–S battery technology.
Molecular autopsy in Chinese sudden cardiac death in the young
Authors: Kwok Sit‐Yee , Ho Stephanie , Shih Fong‐Ying , Yeung Pak‐Kwan , Cheng Shirley S. W. , Poon Wai‐Ming , Lo Ivan F. M. , Luk Ho‐Ming
Published: July 2024

Inherited cardiovascular conditions are significant causes of sudden cardiac death in the young (SCDY), making their investigation using molecular autopsy and prevention a public health priority. However, the molecular autopsy data in Chinese population is lacking. The 5‐year result (2017–2021) of molecular autopsy services provided for victims of SCDY (age 1–40 years) was reviewed. The outcome of family cascade genetic screening and clinical evaluation was reviewed. A literature review of case series reporting results of molecular autopsy on SCDY in 2016–2023 was conducted. Among the 41 decedents, 11 were found to carry 13 sudden cardiac death (SCD)‐causative genetic variants. Likely pathogenic (LP) variants were identified in the DSP, TPM1, TTN, and SCN5A genes. Cascade genetic testing identified four family members with LP variants. One family member with familial TPM1 variant was found to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy upon clinical evaluation. This study provided insight into the genetic profile of molecular autopsy in a Chinese cohort of SCDY. The detection of important SCD‐causative variants through molecular autopsy has facilitated family cascade screening by targeted genetic testing and clinical evaluation of at‐risk family members. A literature review of the current landscape of molecular autopsy in the investigation of SCDY was conducted.
First copy number variant in trans with single nucleotide variant in CCN6 causing progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia revealed by genome sequencing and deep phenotyping in monozygotic twins
Authors: Xu Kexin , Li Guozhuang , Niu Yuchen , Wu Zhihong ,   DISCO (Deciphering Disorders Involving Scoliosis & COmorbidities) Study Group, Zhang Terry Jianguo , Zhang Shuyang , Wu Nan
Published: July 2024

Biallelic pathogenic variants in CCN6 cause progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPD), a rare skeletal dysplasia. The predominant features include noninflammatory progressive joint stiffness and enlargement, which are not unique to this condition. Nearly 100% of the reported variants are single nucleotide variants or small indels, and missing of a second variant has been reported. Genome sequencing (GS) covers various types of variants and deep phenotyping (DP) provides detailed and precise information facilitating genetic data interpretation. The combination of GS and DP improves diagnostic yield, especially in rare and undiagnosed diseases. We identified a novel compound heterozygote involving a disease‐causing copy number variant (g.112057664_112064205del) in trans with a single nucleotide variant (c.624dup(p.Cys209MetfsTer21)) in CCN6 in a pair of monozygotic twins, through the methods of GS and DP. The twins had received three nondiagnostic results before. The g.112057664_112064205del variant was missed by all the tests, and the recorded phenotypes were inaccurate or even misleading. The twins were diagnosed with PPD, ending a 13‐year diagnostic odyssey. There may be other patients with PPD experiencing underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis due to inadequate genetic testing or phenotyping methods. This case highlights the critical role of GS and DP in facilitating an accurate and timely diagnosis.
Inhalational exposure history is associated with differential sinonasal gene expression profiles and clinical outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis patients: A pilot study
Authors: Worden Cameron P. , Thorp Brian D. , Ebert Charles S. , Klatt‐Cromwell Cristine N. , Senior Brent A. , Kimple Adam J. , Rebuli Meghan E. , Jaspers Ilona
Published: July 2024

Key points

Inhalational exposure (IE) history assessment is important and may guide chronic rhinosinusitis disease management.

Combined exposure status was the most significant factor across differential gene expression analyse

IE history was associated with pro‐inflammatory transcriptome changes and worse clinical outcomes.
Cascade Synthesis of Fe‐N2‐Fe Dual‐Atom Catalysts for Superior Oxygen Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Liu Minjie , Qu Zehua , Yan Yan , Zhang Zhirong , Yang Jifeng , He Siyuan , Xu Zhou , Zhu Yiquan , Luo Laihao , Hui Kwun Nam , Liu Mingkai , Zeng Jie
Published: July 2024

Dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) have been proposed to break the limitation of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) in the synergistic activation of multiple molecules and intermediates, offering an additional degree of freedom for catalytic regulation. However, it remains a challenge to synthesize DACs with high uniformity, atomic accuracy, and satisfactory loadings. Herein, we report a facile cascade synthetic strategy for DAC via precise electrostatic interaction control and neighboring vacancy construction. We synthesized well‐defined, uniformly dispersed dual Fe sites which were connected by two nitrogen bonds (denoted as Fe‐N2‐Fe). The as‐synthesized DAC exhibited superior catalytic performances towards oxygen reduction reaction, including good half‐wave potential (0.91 V), high kinetic current density (21.66 mA cm−2), and perfect durability. Theoretical calculation revealed that the DAC structure effectively tunes the oxygen adsorption configuration and decreases the cleavage barrier, thereby improving the catalytic kinetics. The DAC‐based zinc‐air batteries exhibited impressive power densities of 169.8 and 52.18 mW cm−2 at 25 °C and −40 °C, which is 1.7 and 2.0 times higher than those based on Pt/C+Ir/C, respectively. We also demonstrated the universality of our strategy in synthesizing other M‐N2‐M DACs (M=Co, Cu, Ru, Pd, Pt, and Au), facilitating the construction of a DAC library for different catalytic applications.
Quantification of Charge Transport and Mass Deprivation in Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Kinetically‐Stable Low‐Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dong Liwei , Yan Hui‐Juan , Liu Qing‐Xiang , Liang Jia‐Yan , Yue Junpei , Niu Min , Chen Xingyu , Wang Enhui , Xin Sen , Zhang Xinghong , Yang Chunhui , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: July 2024

Graphite (Gr)‐based lithium‐ion batteries with admirable electrochemical performance below −20 °C are desired but are hindered by sluggish interfacial charge transport and desolvation process. Li salt dissociation via Li+‐solvent interaction enables mobile Li+ liberation and contributes to bulk ion transport, while is contradictory to fast interfacial desolvation. Designing kinetically‐stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) without compromising strong Li+‐solvent interaction is expected to compatibly improve interfacial charge transport and desolvation kinetics. However, the relationship between physicochemical features and temperature‐dependent kinetics properties of SEI remains vague. Herein, we propose four key thermodynamics parameters of SEI potentially influencing low‐temperature electrochemistry, including electron work function, Li+ transfer barrier, surface energy, and desolvation energy. Based on the above parameters, we further define a novel descriptor, separation factor of SEI (SSEI), to quantitatively depict charge (Li+/e−) transport and solvent deprivation processes at Gr/electrolyte interface. A Li3PO4‐based, inorganics‐enriched SEI derived by Li difluorophosphate (LiDFP) additive exhibits the highest SSEI (4.89×103) to enable efficient Li+ conduction, e− blocking and rapid desolvation, and as a result, much suppressed Li‐metal precipitation, electrolyte decomposition and Gr sheets exfoliation, thus improving low‐temperature battery performances. Overall, our work originally provides visualized guides to improve low‐temperature reaction kinetics/thermodynamics by constructing desirable SEI chemistry.
Pomotrelvir and Nirmatrelvir Binding and Reactivity with SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease: Implications for Resistance Mechanisms from Computations
Authors: Schillings Johanna , Ramos‐Guzmán Carlos A. , Ruiz‐Pernía J. Javier , Tuñón Iñaki
Published: July 2024

We investigate the inhibition mechanism between pomotrelvir and the SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease using molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations. Alchemical transformations where each Pi group of pomotrelvir was transformed into its counterpart in nirmatrelvir were performed to unravel the individual contribution of each group to the binding and reaction processes. We have shown that while a γ‐lactam ring is preferred at position P1, a δ‐lactam ring is a good alternative for the design of inhibitors for variants presenting mutations at position 166. For the P2 position, tertiary amines are preferred with respect to secondary amines. Flexible side chains at the P2 position can disrupt the preorganization of the active site, favouring the exploration of non‐reactive conformations. The substitution of the P2 group of pomotrelvir by that of nirmatrelvir resulted in a compound, named as C2, that presents a better binding free energy and a higher population of reactive conformations in the Michaelis complex. Analysis of the chemical reaction to form the covalent complex has shown a similar reaction mechanism and activation free energies for pomotrelvir, nirmatrelvir and C2. We hope that these findings could be useful to design better inhibitors to fight present and future variants of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus.
Artificial neural network modeling for predicting the carbon black content derived from unserviceable tires for elastomeric composite production
Authors: Cruz Marco Antônio Galindo , Hiranobe Carlos Toshiyuki , Cardim Guilherme Pina , Cabrera Flávio Camargo , Ribeiro Gabriel Deltrejo , Tolosa Gabrieli Roefero , Garcia Rogério Eduardo , dos Santos Renivaldo José
Published: July 2024

Given the increasing need for sustainable solutions and the large amount of improperly discarded end‐of‐life tires, recovered carbon black (rCB) from tire pyrolysis was investigated as a filler for rubber composites. This study considered rCB as an alternative to commercial carbon black due to its sustainability and CO2 emissions reduction. Composites with varying rCB contents (0 to 50 per 100 rubber) were produced and assessed for mechanical properties, such as hardness, abrasion resistance, and rheometric tests. The findings were used to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) with MATLAB software to predict rCB contents. Input parameters included optimal curing time, minimum and maximum torque, and results of mechanical tests like Shore A hardness and abrasion loss. The model was trained on data from 90 samples, with 10 reserved for validation. The predicted outcomes closely matched the experimental data, with a maximum prediction error of less than 3%. This indicates that ANNs are effective tools for intelligently modeling the curing process of natural rubber mixtures, minimizing material waste, optimizing production time, and determining suitable carbon black contents for desired mechanical properties.
Influence of sequential melting and sintering process on morphology development and performance properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/low‐density polyethylene blends
Authors: Shandilya Prashant Mani , Ghosh Anup K.
Published: July 2024

Blending ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a low molecular weight polyolefin is a well‐established technique to improve its processability. The binary blends of UHMWPE and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared with varying LDPE content (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by wt.) leading to the formation of a single polymer composite system (SPCS) as melting and sintering followed preferential stages during mixing. Interestingly, the sequence of either “melting followed by sintering” or “simultaneous sintering and melting” depends on the LDPE content in the blend, resulting in unique blend morphology. Separate melting peaks for the blend's constituents were observed in thermal characterization, showing the blend's immiscibility, while intermediate peaks showed moderate miscibility in the melt state. Due to the high entanglement density, UHMWPE retained a solid‐like structure and showed an intense viscous nature even above the melting point in rheological characterization. Typically, the UHMWPE samples are fabricated by boundary fusion between particles called sintering. At LDPE content higher than 30 wt.%, the sea island structure was visible in morphological analysis, and the preexisting cavities reduced the tensile modulus by 54% in the blend, along with decreased elongation at failure (250%–100%). Similarly, the flexural modulus was reduced by 34.7% in the blends, along with the decreased flexural strength. Interestingly, the decrease in performance properties occurred in two steps over the range of LDPE content. Thus, it was clear that 30 wt.% of LDPE in the UHMWPE/LDPE blend represented the critical concentration for controlling melting and sintering sequence to develop specified morphology and performance properties. These blends have the potential for biomedical application as well as for the development of foam products, which is the further scope of the present study.
Dynamic‐memory event‐based asynchronous security control for positive singular semi‐Markov jumping CPSs against multiple cyber‐attacks
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Wang Yanqian , Zhuang Guangming , Yang Zhibo
Published: July 2024

This paper mainly studies the design of asynchronous controllers for positive singular semi‐Markov jump systems with
performance under the dynamic‐memory event‐triggered. The positive singular semi‐Markov jump system model is established for the first time. And the dynamic‐memory event‐triggered transmission protocol is used to reduce network transmission pressure. Then, a unified cyber‐attack framework that includes DoS attacks and spoofing attacks is established. A simple hidden Markovian model (HMM) model is used to describe the asynchronous phenomena between the controller and the system. Considering the situation where all data cannot be accurately obtained in reality, a simple HMM is set as a partially unknown conditional probability matrix. Based on stochastic Lyapunov functional, the stochastically admissible conditions for the closed‐loop systems are obtained. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A preliminary analysis of computer‐based asynchronous awareness training for public speaking disfluencies
Authors: Perrin Christopher J. , Metz Jonathon , Kettering Tracy L.
Published: July 2024

Simple habit reversal training is effective at reducing public speaking disfluencies; however, the time and resources necessary to implement this intervention may reduce practicality for widespread adoption. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of asynchronous awareness training. Four participants completed a computer‐based training consisting of response description and practice detecting recorded disfluencies prior to taking a quiz in which they scored the frequency of disfluencies in a recorded speech. Relative to baseline, all participants' rates of disfluencies decreased following training. In addition, acceptability ratings were high and all participants indicated greater willingness to participate in asynchronous training than in‐person training.
Research‐informed counselling and psychotherapy: A training and accreditation agenda
Authors: Cooper Mick , McLeod John , Smith Kate
Published: July 2024

Training and accreditation standards play a critical role in the development of a research‐informed agenda. This commentary on Barkham et al. (Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 2024) discusses obstacles to fully integrating research into the training and standard agendas, and the potential role that the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) can play in helping to overcome such obstacles. Knowledge of research evidence is currently limited in training and accreditation standards for counselling and psychotherapy, and course tutors are often not familiar—or engaged—with research findings. In the development of professional standards (for instance, within SCoPEd), the BACP should work to ensure that research competencies are comprehensive, contemporary and explained in a granular manner. Further helpful developments might include an annual research‐oriented conference for trainers and clinical supervisors, a journal dedicated to disseminating research and good practice in training and clinical supervision and/or a training/clinical supervision research network to coordinate activities in these area. BACP events—across all elements of the profession—should strive to address issues of research awareness and participation, and the use of research to inform practice. Critically, across all of these possibilities, BACP's Research Department, alone, cannot be left to support moves to a research‐informed profession. Rather, an organisation‐wide initiative is needed in which appreciation of the research evidence is at the heart of all aspects of the Association's work.
‘Am I both or not?’: The role of perceived societal norms of multiculturalism in negotiating bicultural identities
Authors: Ng Tseung‐Wong Caroline , Ward Colleen , Szabó Ágnes
Published: July 2024

The present study explored the role of perceived societal norms of multiculturalism in the engagement of cultural identity styles (hybridising‐HIS and altenating‐AIS) and, in turn, their impact on bicultural identity consolidation and cultural identity conflict. We examined 293 Chinese Americans' perceptions about the extent to which culturally diverse groups are in contact with one another (multicultural contact); whether diversity is valued and appreciated (multicultural ideology); and whether there are policies and practices that support and accommodate diversity (multicultural policies and practices) in the United States. Results from a path analysis showed that multicultural ideology was negatively associated with AIS and cultural identity conflict. Multicultural contact was positively associated with HIS and bicultural identity consolidation. Multicultural policies and practices had no significant associations. The findings underscore the important role of perceived societal acceptance of multicultural ideology and perceived norms of multicultural contact in managing cultural identities. Furthermore, the study highlights that perceived multiculturalism norms as societal‐level factors combined with individual‐level cultural identity styles can influence the identity outcomes of multicultural individuals. Further research into the role of perceived societal norms for both majority and cultural minority individuals in identity integration is warranted.
Comparison of Anticancer, Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory Effects and Phytochemical Contents Between Edible Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and a New Wild Species (Lactuca anatolica)
Authors: Erdogan Mehmet Kadir , Gundogdu Ramazan , Toy Yusuf , Halil Gecibesler Ibrahim , Yapar Yakup , Behcet Lutfi , Zengin Gokhan
Published: July 2024

In this study, the bioactive components, enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant and anticancer potentials of edible (L. sativa) and a new species (L. anatolica) of Lactuca were evaluated and compared. The quantitative analyzes of the bioactive components of L. sativa (LS) and L. anatolica (LA) were analyzed quantitatively by GC‐MS and Orbitrab HPLC‐HRMS. Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anticancer properties were analyzed by various assays. In general, LA exhibited more stronger antioxidant properties compared to LS. The extracts showed similar inhibitory effects on these enzymes. It was determined that LS was dominant in terms of linoleic acid (23.71 %), while LA contained a high level of α‐linolenic acid (31.70 %). LA and LS inhibited the viability of A549 and MCF‐7 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. IC50 values for LA, LS and cisplatin were determined as 120.3, 197.5, 4.3 μg/mL in A549 cell line and 286.2, 472.8, 7.2 μg/mL in MCF‐7 cell line, respectively. It was revealed that LA and LS treatment at 50 μg/mL concentrations in A549 cells completely suppressed the colony forming capacity, and treatment with IC50 doses inhibited cell migration, and triggered apoptosis by regulating caspase‐3, cPARP, p53 and p21. The findings of this study suggested that these species have significant pharmacological potential.
Structural Basis of the Dehydratase Module (hDH) of Human Fatty Acid Synthase
Authors: Cai Chang , Huang Yuzhou , Zhang Lin , Zhang Liang
Published: July 2024

The human fatty acid synthase (hFASN) produces fatty acids for cellar membrane construction, energy storage, biomolecule modifications and signal transduction. Abnormal expression and functions of hFASN highly associate with numerous human diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancers, and thereby it has been considered as a valuable potential drug target. So far, the structural and catalytic mechanisms of most of the hFASN enzymatic modules have been extensively studied, except the key dehydratase module (hDH). Here we presented the enzymatic characterization and the high‐resolution crystal structure of hDH. We demonstrated that the hDH preferentially catalyzes the acyl substrates with short lengths between 4 to 8‐carbons, and exhibits much lower enzymatic activity on longer substrates. Subsequent structural study showed that hDH displays a pseudo‐dimeric organization with a single L‐shaped composite hydrophobic catalytic tunnel as well as an atypical ACP binding site nearby, indicating that hDH achieves distinct substrate recognition and dehydration mechanisms compared to the conventional bacterial fatty acid dehydratases identified. Our findings laid the foundation for understanding the biological and pathogenic functions of hFASN, and may facilitate therapeutical drug development against diseases with abnormal functionality of hFASN.
Spontaneous omental infarction as a rare differential for right iliac fossa pain: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lee Su Jin , Le Khang Duy Ricky , Mark Peter
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain, often benign and self‐limiting. The significance of infarction lies in the fact that it can mimic other abdominal pathologies including appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or reflux disease. Diagnostic laparoscopy provides the definitive diagnosis of omental infarction, but it is invasive and limited due to resources. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis has been considered the gold standard to diagnosing omental infarction when a non‐invasive diagnostic approach is required. Additionally, ultrasound can also be used alternatively for children. Currently, there is no consensus in the diagnosis and management of patients with imaging‐proven omental infarction. Spontaneous infarcted omentum must be considered by surgeons and radiologists as a rare cause of acute abdominal pain as patients can experience good outcomes with either conservative or operative approach. However, conservative management must only be considered in stable patients where alternative pathology is unlikely.

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A rare presentation and treatment challenges for multiple myeloma in down syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Musleh Mais , Alhusein Qossay
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Down syndrome (DS), characterized by trisomy 21, significantly increases susceptibility to leukemia, although the occurrence of multiple myeloma (MM) in DS is exceedingly rare. This report details the case of a 45‐year‐old female with DS who was diagnosed with MM, highlighting diagnostic and therapeutic complexities. It emphasizes the importance of tailored therapeutic strategies for treating MM in individuals with DS and the need for specialized approaches in these cases.
One‐year follow‐up of amputation as a curative treatment for body integrity dysphoria: A case report
Authors: Nadeau Nadia
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Elective amputation as a treatment for Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) or Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) where noninvasive treatments prove ineffective and the patient's distress is substantial, may permit long‐term remission of symptoms at follow‐up.

We present the one‐year follow‐up post‐surgery of an ambidextrous male who sought elective amputation of his left hand's fourth and fifth fingers after an unsuccessful trial of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for Body Integrity Dysphoria. He had no psychiatric comorbidities. At one‐year follow‐up, his dysphoria was still in remission. He exhibited full adaptation in his social and occupational life, demonstrating increased ease in hand use compared to pre‐amputation. He reported sleeping well, happiness, good health and continued acceptance by friends and family. This one‐year post‐surgery follow‐up, at 22 years old, underscores the efficacy of amputation as a curative treatment, high patient satisfaction, and the quality of life gained through the procedure.
Flexible self‐supporting organic cathode with interface engineering for high‐performance and wide‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wang Lei , Fang Suqiao , Wang Haichao , Peng Qianqian , Liu Yifeng , Dong Hanghang , Yan Hao , Wang Yong , Chou Shulei , Sun Bing , Xiao Yao , Chen Shuangqiang
Published: July 2024

Flexible electrode design with robust structure and good performance is one of the priorities for flexible batteries to power emerging wearable electronics, and organic cathode materials have become contenders for flexible self‐supporting electrodes. However, issues such as easy electrolyte solubility and low intrinsic conductivity contribute to high polarization and rapid capacity decay. Herein, we have designed a flexible self‐supporting cathode based on perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), interfacial engineering enhanced by polypyrrole (PPy), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), forming the interconnected and flexible PTCDA/PPy/CNTs using polymerization reaction and vacuum filtration methods, effectively curbing those challenges. When used as the cathode of sodium‐ion batteries, PTCDA/PPy/CNTs exhibit excellent rate capability (105.7 mAh g−1 at 20 C), outstanding cycling stability (79.4% capacity retention at 5 C after 500 cycles), and remarkable wide temperature application capability (86.5 mAh g−1 at −30°C and 115.4 mAh g−1 at 60°C). The sodium storage mechanism was verified to be a reversible oxidation reaction between two Na+ ions and carbonyl groups by density functional theory calculations, in situ infrared Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the pouch cells based on PTCDA/PPy/CNTs exhibit good mechanical flexibility in various mechanical states. This work inspires more rational designs of flexible and self‐supporting organic cathodes, promoting the development of high‐performance and wide‐temperature adaptable wearable electronic devices.
Photoinduced Redox Cascade Reaction of Isatins and Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids to Access 6‐Hydroxyindoloquinazolinones
Authors: Dong Chun‐Lin , Liu Han‐Chi , He Yan‐Hong , Guan Zhi
Published: July 2024

A visible‐light‐induced cascade reaction is described for the one‐pot synthesis of 6‐hydroxyindoloquinazolinones using isatins (or isatins and isatoic anhydrides) and aliphatic carboxylic acids. The method provides 36 desired products in 33–96 % yield, exhibiting broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. This approach utilizes inexpensive and commercially available starting materials, enabling the direct construction of high‐value complex structures under mild conditions without the need for photocatalyst, showcasing significant applicability and environmental friendliness.
Triphenylamine Sensitized 8‐Dimethylaminoquinoline: An Efficient Two‐Photon Caging Group for Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Rigault Delphine , Nizard Philippe , Daniel Jonathan , Blanćhard‐Desce Mireille , Deprez Eric , Tauc Patrick , Dhimane Hamid , Dalko Peter I.
Published: July 2024

Triphenylamine‐sensitized 8‐dimethylaminoquinoline (TAQ) probes showed fair two‐photon absorption and fragmentation cross sections in releasing kainate and GABA ligands. The water‐soluble PEG and TEG‐analogs allowed cell internalization and efficient light‐gated liberation of the rhodamine reporter under UV and two‐photon (NIR) irradiation conditions.
Excited‐State Dynamics in Segregated Donor‐Acceptor Stacks Versus a Peri‐Bisdonor‐Acceptor System
Authors: Ramakrishnan Remya , Madhu Meera , Babu Hruidya C. , Sebastian Ebin , Hariharan Mahesh
Published: July 2024

The investigation of impact of through‐space/through‐bond electronic interaction among chromophores on photoexcited‐state properties has immense potential owing to the distinct emergent photophysical pathways. Herein, the photoexcited‐state dynamics of homo‐sorted π‐stacked aggregates of a naphthalenemonoimide and perylene‐based acceptor‐donor (NI‐Pe) system and a fork‐shaped acceptor‐bisdonor (NI‐Pe2) system possessing integrally stacked peri‐substituted donors was examined. Femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) spectra of NI‐Pe monomer recorded in chloroform displayed spectroscopic signatures of the singlet state of Pe; 1Pe*, the charge‐separated state; NI−⋅‐Pe+⋅, and the triplet state of Pe; 3Pe*. The examination of ultrafast excited‐state processes of NI‐Pe aggregate in chloroform revealed faster charge recombination (
=1.75 ns) than the corresponding monomer (
=2.46 ns) which was followed by observation of a broad structureless band attributed to an excimer‐like state. The fork‐shaped NI‐Pe2 displayed characteristic spectroscopic features of the NI radical anion (λmax~450 nm) and perylene dimer radical cation (λmax~520 nm) upon photoexcitation in non‐polar toluene solvent in the nanosecond transient absorption (nsTA) spectroscopy. The investigation highlights the significance of intrinsic close‐stacked arrangement of donors in ensuring a long‐lived photoinduced charge‐separated state (
=1.35 μs) in non‐polar solvents via delocalization of radical cation between the donors.
Narrowband Blue Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitter Based on BN‐Doped Benzo[6]helicene with Stimuli‐Responsive Properties
Authors: Liu Meiyan , Li Chenglong , Liao Guanming , Zhao Fenggui , Yao Chunxia , Wang Nan , Yin Xiaodong
Published: July 2024

Boron‐doped helicenes, known for their unique electronic and photophysical properties, are of great interest for numerous applications. This research introduces two new azabora[6]helicenes, H[6]BN1 and H[6]BN2, synthesized through an efficient method. These molecules have boron and nitrogen atoms in opposing positions, enhancing their distinctive attributes. Both helicenes show excellent emission properties, with H[6]BN1 and H[6]BN2 exhibiting narrowband blue fluorescence and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), achieving glum values of 4~5×10−4 which is beneficial for chiroptical applications. The addition of a donor group, 3, 6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazole, in H[6]BN2 improves luminescence, likely due to enhanced molecular orbital overlap and electron delocalization. H[6]BN1′s needle‐like single crystals exhibit mechanochromism, changing luminescent color from yellow to green under mechanical stress, which is promising for stimulus‐responsive materials. In conclusion, this study presents a novel class of BN[6]helicenes with superior chiroptical properties. Their combination of electronic features and mechanochromism makes them ideal for advanced chiroptical materials, expanding the potential of helicene‐based compounds and offering new directions for the synthesis of molecules with specific chiroptical characteristics.
Aspekte der Energiewende. Teil 3: Energieszenarien für eine vollständig defossilisierte deutsche Energieversorgung
Authors: Machhammer Otto , Siebels Carsten
Published: July 2024

Auf Basis des von der Bundesnetzagentur für Elektrizität, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen genehmigten Szenariorahmens 2023‐2037/2045 [1] wurde mithilfe von stündlich aufgelösten Erzeuger‐ und Verbraucherprofilen ein mögliches Bild der Energielandschaft für den Fall einer vollständig defossilisierten Energieversorgung entworfen. Darauf aufbauend wurde die Frage behandelt, ob der dafür benötigte Wasserstoff heimisch erzeugt werden sollte und wie stark dezentrale, haushaltsnahe saisonale Speicher die Niederspannungsnetze entlasten würden. Eine Schätzung liefert Anhaltswerte für den finanziellen Aufwand und den Flächenbedarf zur Erreichung dieses Ziels.
Intracellular Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides by Tri‐Branched Cyclic Disulfide Units
Authors: Lyu Fangjie , Hakariya Hayase , Hiraoka Haruka , Li Zhenmin , Matsubara Noriaki , Soo Yonghao , Hashiya Fumitaka , Abe Naoko , Shu Zhaoma , Nakamoto Kosuke , Kimura Yasuaki , Abe Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

Therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as antisense DNA, show promise in treating previously untreatable diseases. However, their applications are still hindered by the poor membrane permeability of naked oligonucleotides. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods for intracellular oligonucleotide delivery. Previously, our group successfully developed disulfide‐based Membrane Permeable Oligonucleotides (MPON), which achieved enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing effects through an endocytosis‐free uptake mechanism. Herein, we report a new molecular design for the next generation of MPON, called trimer MPON. The trimer MPON consists of a tri‐branched backbone, three α‐lipoic acid units, and a spacer linker between the oligonucleotides and tri‐branched cyclic disulfide unit. We describe the design, synthesis, and functional evaluation of the trimer MPON, offering new insights into the molecular design for efficient oligonucleotide delivery.