bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Trying to Bring a Solution Out of the Problem”—Therapeutic Approaches of Indian Mental Health Professionals for Children with Parental Schizophrenia
Authors: Sathiyaseelan Anuradha , Balasundaram Sathiyaseelan , Patangia Bishal , RR Soumya , Nair Parvathy , N Harshita , Santhanam Shruthi , Tevapriyan Samuel Rukhshana
Published: August 2024

Background

Parental schizophrenia is a major public health concern that affects both the individual and the family, particularly children. Children with parents diagnosed with schizophrenia tend to experience negative impacts that can hinder their development. This complex condition demands effective therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the mental health and well-being of both the individual and the family.

Material and Methods

This study aimed to understand possible therapeutic interventions used to address the clinical issues of children with parental schizophrenia. An interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA) was employed to explore the therapeutic approaches taken by mental health professionals (MHPs) in addressing children whose parents are diagnosed with schizophrenia. A sample of 43 participants, including psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers, was interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed for common themes.

Results

The findings revealed common themes in interventions aimed at enhancing neurocognitive function and improving behavior through therapy, skills training, and counseling. MHPs also targeted the family through education and positive parenting strategies. The findings emphasized the importance of a comprehensive approach addressing both individual and family aspects.

Conclusion

MHPs recognized the need for a holistic approach to improve the mental health and well-being of both the individual and the family. This study highlighted the importance of addressing the impact of parental schizophrenia on children and the need for effective therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the mental health and well-being of both the individual and the family.
Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Studies of Bioactive Compounds from Traditional Medicinal Compounds Against Exfoliative Toxin B from Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Subramani Nandha Kumar , Venugopal Subhashree
Published: August 2024

Background

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a dermatological condition caused by Staphylococcus aureus, characterized by exfoliative toxin B, and its increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics necessitates the search for new therapeutic options.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the potential of traditional medicinal compounds (TMCs) as potential pharmaceuticals against SSSS using molecular-level research.

Introduction

Staphylococcus aureus, commonly known as S. aureus, is the main cause of SSSS. These infections are a major concern for public health because they are becoming resistant to antibiotics. There is an urgent need for new medications to effectively fight against this infection. The main objective of this study was to assess the interaction between TMC compounds and S. aureus exfoliative toxins ETA and ETB utilizing computational approaches.

Materials and Methods

The investigation selected TMC compounds based on their potential to combat S. aureus infections. To predict binding affinities with the ETB toxin, molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDock and AutoDock Vina. In order to evaluate the stability and interaction dynamics with the toxins, the most promising compound was subjected to a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation. Stability was evaluated through various methods.

Results

Liquiritin showed the highest binding affinity, with a docking score of −7.6 kcal/mol. MD simulation confirmed the complex’s stability, and the binding free energy of −17.76 kcal/mol indicated potent inhibitory activity against S. aureus ETB.

Conclusion

Liquiritin, a TMC, effectively inhibits S. aureus toxins ETB, with promising potential for treating SSSS and antibiotic-resistant infections, requiring further research.
Causal cycles, causal intervals, and measurement in over-time studies
Authors: Lance Charles E.
Published: August 2024

If over-time data are used to model XàY causal relationships, the measurement (or “recording”) interval should match (or at least approximate) the actual causal (or “existence”) interval for X’s effect on Y. I discuss this issue in the context of causal cycles of events and give three examples involving hurricanes, job change and adoption and implementation of new technology. I conclude with some considerations and recommendations for matching measurement to causal intervals in over-time research.
Real-Time Gaze Sharing Techniques and Their Influence on Performance and Shared Situational Awareness of Teammates in UAV C2 Operations
Authors: Atweh Jad A. , El Iskandarani Mohamad , Riggs Sara L.
Published: August 2024

Situational awareness (SA) is vital for coordination and safety in complex domains. However, the lack of focus on shared SA (SSA) between teammates undermines effective teamwork. Gaze sharing allows partners to view each other’s gaze points on their respective displays while completing their tasks. Understanding how performance and SSA are influenced by gaze sharing is critical but understudied in dynamic contexts. In this study, 35 teams completed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) command-and-control (C2) tasks using different visualization techniques. SSA scores were the highest with the fixation trail, correlating positively with target detection accuracy. SSA scores were lower in the no gaze sharing condition and the lowest while using the fixation dot. These findings underscore the importance of visualization methods in shaping SSA and task performance. If gaze sharing is used, the results here show that there is a need to select appropriate visualization techniques to support team SSA and performance.
Perturbation Detection in Space-based Human-Machine Teams (HMTs) in Different Layers
Authors: Zahmat Doost Elmira , Yin Xiaoyun , Zhou Shiwen , Grimm David A. , Lijenstolpe Matt , Cooke Nancy J. , Gorman Jamie C.
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on detecting unique and complex challenges of Human-Machine Teaming (HMT) in space missions, where coordination among humans, robots, and AI agents is critical. Such missions are beset by “perturbations”—unexpected challenges involving communication delays due to the vast distances separating team elements. These issues must be overcome to maintain the safety and effectiveness of space-based missions. This study conducted engineering tests to evaluate the impact of perturbations on communication and vehicle operations and the physiological state of the humans involved. It outlines an experimental scenario involving various space entities (e.g., lunar colonies; orbiters; rovers) to simulate space mission conditions and communication and coordination challenges. The study employs layered dynamics methods to detect perturbations in technological and cognitive team states across the mission, using sensors and information entropy as key analytical tools.
The Impact of System Confidence and Reliability on Drivers’ Decision-Making in Conditionally Automated Vehicles
Authors: Lee Myeongkyu , Pitts Brandon J.
Published: August 2024

Automated vehicles (AVs) are becoming increasingly intelligent. At the same time, researchers are exploring ways to enable transparent communication between drivers and AVs. One line of work has focused on understanding how displaying an AV’s confidence in detecting roadway obstacles influences drivers’ behavior. In this study, we investigate what actions drivers make when presented with AV’s confidence information regarding its obstacle avoidance ability that does not always match its reliability. Twenty participants drove a semi-autonomous vehicle, while being presented with a confidence information, and needed to decide whether to take over or not. Findings suggest that alignment between the vehicle’s reliability and confidence increased the number of correct decisions. Also, drivers self-calibrated their decision strategy such that more correct decisions were made when provided with accurate information. Insights from this work can be used to inform the design of AV driver models and human-machine interfaces to promote safety within AVs.
Using EMG to Better Understand Patient Pain and Stress During Routine Mammography
Authors: Gielo-Perczak Krystyna , McNaboe Riley , Posada-Quintero Hugo
Published: August 2024

Since breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, it is recommended that women over the age of 40 get annual mammogram screenings. Regular mammograms allow for early breast cancer detection, and in turn, proper treatment and improved patient prognosis. However, the stress and discomfort associated with the mammogram procedure deter many women from routine screening. Most previous work attempting to characterize mammogram-related pain utilizes subjective, questionnaire-based methods. A more objective approach is needed to fully understand the stress and pain experienced by patients during the mammogram procedure. In recent years, bio signals such as surface electromyography (sEMG) have been used to quantify various physiological states including stress and pain. Advocating women’s health and early breast cancer detection, the Human-User Interaction Lab is the first research lab to use sEMG to quantitatively measure the stress and pain experienced by patients during mammography compressions.
Autonomous Spacecraft Motion Plan Characteristics Influence Perceived Path Appropriateness
Authors: Larson Hannah , Stirling Leia
Published: August 2024

Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking maneuvers, performed by two spacecraft joining together in space, are becoming increasingly automated. However, human supervision of the docking spacecraft remains necessary for system failure mitigation, which manifests in manual takeover of the docking spacecraft’s motion control. Previous analysis found that intrinsic characteristics of the motion plans taken by the spacecraft significantly influenced human supervisor manual-takeover performance. This work analyzes how the human supervisor’s observation of the spacecraft’s path traversal compared to the participant’s expectation of path traversal. In this study, participants ( N = 33) monitored a simulation of an autonomous spacecraft attempting to dock at one of two docking stations. Participants were asked about their interpretation of the appropriateness of the path taken by the spacecraft in each trial. Statistically significant relationships were identified between intrinsic characteristics of the motion plan, the human supervisor’s takeover performance, and the human’s interpretation of the path taken.
The Effect of Healthcare Chatbots’ Information Presentation Styles on User Acceptance in a Knowledge Seeking Task
Authors: Koscelny Samuel N. , Neyens David M.
Published: August 2024

The rise of large language models offers new opportunities for disseminating more effective and equitable healthcare information. While past research has extensively investigated users’ perceptions of chatbots, few have examined the design strategies for chatbot information presentation. The objective of this research aims to explore how communication style (conversational or informative) and language style (technical or non-technical) affect user acceptance and ability performing a knowledge seeking task with a healthcare chatbot in a 2 × 2 between-subjects design. Following this, participants engaged in semi-structured interviews, where we analyzed participants’ experiences through inductive thematic analysis. Our findings indicate users generally found conversational chatbots to be more understandable with greater perceived interaction freedom than informative chatbots. These insights highlight the importance of aligning chatbot communication with users’ expectations. Future research should validate these findings with larger and more diverse populations, considering the impact of various chatbot interaction styles on user experience and long-term effectiveness.
Let’s Get Physical: The Influence of Embodiment on Industrial Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: zu Putlitz Johanna , Roesler Eileen
Published: August 2024

In recent years, an increasing number of studies in human-robot interaction (HRI) have used images or videos of robots as a simple, inexpensive, and customizable substitute for physically embodied robots. Thus, the question arises whether results from studies using depictions can be validly applied to interactions with embodied robots. This study investigated the effect of embodiment in HRI within an industrial interaction scenario, focusing on perception, trust, and task performance. Eighty-five participants interacted either with an embodied robot or its depiction via a computer screen. Results showed that the embodied robot was perceived as more likable, intelligent, and safer, eliciting higher initial trust. Primary task performance was observed to be higher in interaction with the embodied robot, while secondary task performance was higher in interaction with the robot’s depiction. These findings challenge the generalizability of depiction-based HRI research, highlighting the importance of considering embodiment in future research designs.
Toward User-centered Explainable Displays for Complex Machine Learning Models in Healthcare: A Case Study of Heart Disease Prediction
Authors: Nuamah Joseph K.
Published: August 2024

The current approaches to explaining black box machine learning models have primarily been based on the intuition of model developers, rather than being informed by end-user needs or existing literature. Our goal is to utilize existing cognitive science and human factors research to design explanation displays. To achieve this, we used the Cleveland Heart Disease Data Set to create an eXtreme Gradient Boosting heart disease prediction model. We established an initial context of use to inform the design of a prototype explanation display. Our design choices were based on cognitive chunk organization, and we used SHapley Additive exPlanation to generate instance-level explanations for our model. Model evaluation showed good performance, and we developed four prototype explanation displays. Our work demonstrates that it is feasible to design multiple prototype explanation displays for complex machine learning models by organizing features in a structured manner. We also provide a set of steps that can be followed for designing and evaluating user-centered explanations in healthcare.
Dynamic response of foam sandwich structures under multiple ice projectiles impacts at high velocity
Authors: Liu Xin , Mao Jize , Qu Jia , Yao Houqi
Published: August 2024

Hail presents a significant threat to the structural integrity of aircraft, particularly with the extensive use of foam sandwich structures in aerospace applications. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the effects of hail impact on foam sandwich structures. This paper aims to investigate the impact of ice projectiles on carbon Fiber/PMI foam sandwich structures, using both experimental and numerical simulation approaches. The gas cannon was employed to launch ice projectiles, which were then directed towards the carbon Fiber/PMI foam sandwich structures. Additionally, a numerical simulation model was developed using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software to analyse the impact of these ice projectiles. Moreover, the validity of the finite element model was confirmed through experimental verification. The study involves simulations of single-point continuous impacts of ice projectiles and multi-point simultaneous impacts on carbon Fiber/PMI foam sandwich structures, while maintaining the same total impact energy. By varying the distribution of ice projectiles, the dynamic response and damage characteristics of the target plate are analysed. Specifically, the research aims to investigative the deformation characteristics of the target plate and the energy absorption of the structure. The research results underscore the importance of considering the distribution of ice projectiles in mitigating structural damage caused by hail impact.
The Economic Costs of Tobacco Related Illnesses in Kenya
Authors: Mwai Daniel , Gathecha Gladwell , Njuguna David , Ongango Jane , Mwenda Valerian , Kiptui Dorcas , Kendagor Ann , Cheburet Samuel , Mohamed Shukri , Jaguga Florence , Mugi Beatrice , Okinda Kennedy , Odeny Lazarus , Olwanda Easter , Boachie Micheal K.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To estimate the economic costs of selected tobacco-related illnesses (TRI) in Kenya in 2022.

Research Design and Methods

This study was conducted in 2 phases. Phase 1, conducted between 2021 and 2022, entailed conducting a cross-sectional study conducted in 4 national public referral hospitals in Kenya. Patients with cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or tuberculosis were interviewed to compute the indirect and direct medical costs related to the illness. Activity-Based Costing approach was used to capture costs for services along the continuum of care pathway. In the second phase, the Tobacco Attributable Factor was used to estimate the direct, indirect, and ultimately economic cost due to tobacco smoking.

Results

The estimated health care cost attributed to tobacco use in Kenya is US$396,107,364. Among TRIs included in the study, myocardial infarction had the highest health care cost at US$158,687,627, followed by peripheral arterial disease and stroke with health care cost of US$64,723,181 and US$44,746,700 respectively. The main cost driver across all the illnesses is the cost for medication accounting for over 90% of the total health care cost. The productivity losses from the diseases ranged between US$148 to US$360 and accounted for 27% to 48% of the economic costs. The total cost attributable to tobacco use to Kenya’s economy for the selected TRIs was between US$544.74 million and US$756.22 million.

Conclusions/interpretation

Tobacco related illnesses impose a significant economic burden as reported for direct and indirect costs. These findings underscore the need for strengthened implementation of the provision of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Tobacco Control Act (2007) to facilitate a reduction in tobacco consumption in the population.
Embodied Suzhi: Constituting Middle-Class Subjectivity in Post-Socialist China
Authors: Kong Shaojun
Published: August 2024

Suzhi has grown into a key bio-policy that is crucial to governance and individual life in post-socialist China. Drawing upon Bourdieusian habitus, this article examines how millennial middle-class women live the class-based suzhi on a daily basis in the fields of education, marriage and real estate. Class divisions configure women’s habitual pursuit of cultural suzhi, and their embodied capital is reflected in practical situations. Women embody cultural suzhi and specific life experiences as middle-class daughters. They are inclined to have matched marriages to ensure personal happiness. But middle-class women demonstrate high neoliberal reflexivity in performing civil suzhi in the field of real estate. Neoliberal feminism is materialised through suzhi: Women exhibit reflexivity in their embodied experiences of suzhi while also internalising class structures and state power, thus reinforcing the insidious reproduction of social inequality.
Conserving a sense of self despite significantly impaired short-term memory through songwriting and formative events
Authors: Thorpe Amanda J
Published: August 2024

This case study reflects on the use of improvisation and songwriting to support a patient with significantly impaired short-term memory and long-term memory interference as a result of acquired brain injury. Memory has long been associated with personal identity, linking the past with the present, and enabling us to project into the future. This continuity of consciousness helps us to learn from, and make sense of our experiences, strengthening our internal representation of self. Disruption to short-term memory can significantly impact decision making, planning and initiation, all of which are key components of personal identity and self-expression. Supporting patient autonomy and self-expression through improvisation, and crafting lyrical content around personal preferences and events, sessions were designed to bolster his internalised sense of self through both revisiting old memories and facilitating new memory formation within the present. While short-term memory has been considered a conduit to long-term memory consolidation, and integral to the individual’s self-expression, this case study implies short-term memory was neither the gatekeeper to formation of long-term memories, nor critical to maintaining a sense of self, and reflects on how music helped the client create and access new learning beyond procedural memories, anchoring the self in newly internalised self-expression.
Cross-national civilian reporting of the everydayness of war: Emerging citizen journalism practices in Palestine and Kashmir
Authors: Majeed Tawseef , Abushbak Ali M , Qadri Monisa , Sinha Atul
Published: August 2024

This article explores how Palestinian and Kashmiri civilians engage with the everyday reality of war. The focus is on understanding how citizens temporarily adopt the roles of war correspondents, contributing to the broader conflict narrative. Employing an inductive approach, the study integrates ethnography, phenomenology, and reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) to gain insights into how citizen journalists shape war narratives. Analysing the interview data through RTA reveals six key themes: “Emerging citizen journalism practices,” “Community Consciousness,” “Challenges in media perception,” “Self-expression and Social cohesion,” Responding to Authoritarian Falsehoods”, “Teen journalism”, and “Self-protection and safety”. The findings suggest that the citizen journalism practices in Palestine and Kashmir strategically report the war narratives, representing a progressive journalism practice. The results underline that citizen journalism practices in these regions purposefully present war narratives and represent a form of constructive journalism, which responds to authoritarian regimes’ extensive control over mainstream media and facilitates reconciliation and peace. Such citizen journalism practices act as an equipoise to data imbalances in information architecture for the consumers. The research underscores how conflict citizen journalism embodies activist and collaborative models with robust potential for replication in other conflict-ridden areas.
The effect of choir-singing on self-reported embodied cognition in persons with dementia. A pilot study
Authors: Ridder Hanne Mette , Anderson-Ingstrup Jens , Ridder Lukas Ochsner
Published: August 2024

With an understanding of dementia through the lens of embodied cognition and a musical sense of the dynamics of the body, a fundamental continuity of personhood is possible. With music and singing, body and mind are positively affected for persons with dementia, and with promising evidence on emotional wellbeing during choir-singing. Based on this, we carried out a pilot-study to explore the effect of choir-singing on self-reported embodied cognition in persons with dementia. As part of a Danish TV documentary on choir-singing, 17 participants with a mean age of 71 years took part in choir rehearsals and a concert. The majority of the participants had moderate/severe dementia, and 29% mild dementia. Altogether 164 self-report forms were analysed and showed a highly significant increase in embodied cognition from before to after choir-singing. The results provide initial evidence that choir-singing for persons with dementia positively influence the participants’ self-reported embodied cognition. Further, the positive effect seemed to increase in line with increasing level of dementia. The 8-item Embodied Cognition in Dementia Assessment Scales (EmDAS) showed good internal reliability and promising properties for evaluating the effect of embodied cognition. For future research, controlled trials with larger samples are needed to provide evidence of choir-singing for persons in various stages of dementia.
‘The Song of the Innuit’: Circulating Arctic ethnographic knowledge through verse
Authors: Martin Peter R.
Published: August 2024

This article seeks to advance recent literatures exploring the important role of poetry in the production and circulation of geographical knowledge. It does this by critically analysing a poem that was written by the traveller and scholar Wiliam Healey Dall during the 1899 Harriman Alaska Expedition. This leisurely excursion travelled along the coastlines of Alaska and the Siberian peninsula, and involved a series of encounters with the indigenous Yupik/Yup’ik communities inhabiting this region. It was these encounters that provided the basis for Dall’s problematic poem. As the analysis presented demonstrates, this pseudo-ethnographic poem contained a range of ‘temperate normative’ descriptions of these indigenous Arctic peoples. This in turn perpetuated erroneous depictions of these peoples within the geographical imaginations of non-indigenous peoples across Europe and North America. The article therefore argues that geographers and other scholars must take poetry and other forms of verse seriously as a crucial means by which geographical knowledges pertaining to indigenous peoples were circulated during the long 19th century. This will in turn reveal their vital role in supporting and justifying troubling colonial interventions into the lives of indigenous peoples across the Arctic and beyond.
Identification of Dementia & Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Elderly Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ying Tong-Tong , Zhuang Li-Ying , Xu Shan-Hu , Zhang Shu-Feng , Huang Li-Jun , Gao Wei-Wei , Liu Lu , Lai Qi-Lun , Lou Yue , Liu Xiao-Li
Published: August 2024

Objective

To assess the role of Machine Learning (ML) in identification critical factors of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Methods

371 elderly individuals were ultimately included in the ML analysis. Demographic information (including gender, age, parity, visual acuity, auditory function, mobility, and medication history) and 35 features from 10 assessment scales were used for modeling. Five machine learning classifiers were used for evaluation, employing a procedure involving feature extraction, selection, model training, and performance assessment to identify key indicative factors.

Results

The Random Forest model, after data preprocessing, Information Gain, and Meta-analysis, utilized three training features and four meta-features, achieving an area under the curve of 0.961 and a accuracy of 0.894, showcasing exceptional accuracy for the identification of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

ML serves as a identification tool for dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Using Information Gain and Meta-feature analysis, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scale information emerged as crucial for training the Random Forest model.
Does Leaders’ Impression Management Help or Hurt? It Depends on the Perspective of the Follower
Authors: Park Haeseen , Leroy Hannes , Dragoni Lisa , Simons Tony , Yun Seokhwa
Published: August 2024

To contribute to the debate on whether leaders’ use of impression management is helpful or not, we examine the role of follower perceptions. We argue that followers who share a similar perspective as their leader about the value of impression management, as evidenced by their own use of these behaviors, come to identify with their leader and see them as having greater consistency between their words and actions, even though leaders’ impression management likely creates noticeable word-deed misalignments. In turn, the greater word-deed consistency attributed to the leader, also known as behavioral integrity, helps followers perform better. Our empirical test of these ideas confirms our reasoning and includes a multi-source field study with 89 triads of Korean managers, associate managers, and employees, a construct validation study with multi-source data (employees N = 160; manager N = 149), and an experimental study involving 189 American employees. Specifically, we found that leaders' use of impression management positively relates to followers’ attributions of their leaders' behavioral integrity which boosts follower performance but only for those followers who also engage in impression management. We confirm that when both followers and leaders engage in impression management, followers identify with their leader and thus view them as having behavioral integrity. These results demonstrate robustness across different research methodologies, different measures and tactics of impression management, and populations. We discuss the implications of this research to the fields of leadership, impression management and behavioral integrity.
The effects of online intervention program implemented during COVID-19 on the quality of life and physical activities of individuals with intellectual disabilities and their mothers
Authors: Özer Dilara , Süngü Büşra , Aydoğan Aynur , Özer Tekin Nazlı Beril , Kapucuoğlu Tuba , Namli Şeker Ayşenur , Şimşek Zeytin Duygu Ece , Zeynel Bingöl Zeynep
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the Online Intervention Program implemented during the COVID-19 period on the quality of life (QoL) and physical activity (PA) levels of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and their mothers. The experimental method was used in this study. A total of 184 people, 92 individuals with intellectual disability and their mothers participated in the study. By random assignment method, 40 participants with ID and their mothers were assigned to the experimental group (EG) and 52 participants and their mothers were assigned to the control group (CG). The participants with ID in the EG participated in PA and music activities for 60 minutes a day, three days a week for 12 weeks, and the mothers participated in a psychological counseling program for 80 minutes a day, one day a week. “Personal information form” and “WHOQOL-BREF Turkish version” for mothers, “WHOQOL-BREF & Intellectual Disability Module” for individuals with ID, and “International Physical Activity Questionnaire” for mothers and individuals with ID were used as data collection tools. As a result of the analyses, it was found that the mothers and the individuals with ID who participated in the online intervention program maintained their PA levels, the mothers showed a significant increase in all sub-dimensions of QoL, and the individuals with ID had a partial increase in their QoL.
The status quo and influencing factors of clinical research nurses’ participation in preoperative blood sampling in patients with pulmonary nodules
Authors: Yuan Huadi , Lan Meijuan , He Hong , Hong Pinghua , Gao Liyan
Published: August 2024

Background:

Under-recruitment in clinical trials has become a worldwide problem, and has many causes that need to be understood. Clinical Research Nurses (CRNs) provide a new research perspective.

Aim:

To understand the current situation about the informed consent rate after the participation of CRNs and analyse the possible influencing factors.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital. A convenience sample was used to study patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent day surgery from March to May 2023. Patients first received information from doctors and a second session by CRNs was provided for those who initially were hesitant about the research. A questionnaire survey was conducted using an online survey platform to collect information.

Results:

After education by doctors, 208 patients were hesitant and CRNs conducted a second education session, the CICARE model was used for communication. Following this session a further 161 patients were willing to participate. Finally, 374 patients were willing to participate. Related factors include age, education level and the attitude of self-assessed family members towards their participation in clinical projects.

Conclusions:

CRNs’ participation can improve patients’ willingness to participate. It is crucial to pay attention to the role of CRNs and propose a new model of CRNs involvement in clinical research based on identifying factors.
Lateral versus supine position for tracheal extubation among infants after intraabdominal surgery: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jarraya Anouar , Kammoun Manel , Bouchaira Hasna , Ketata Hind , Safi Faiza , Ben Hamad Amel
Published: August 2024

In this prospective randomised controlled trial, we compared the impact of the lateral versus supine position for tracheal extubation among infants aged two months to two years after intraabdominal surgery on the incidence of respiratory adverse events that may occur after extubation. The anaesthesia protocol was standardised. Among the 120 infants included (60 in each group), the demographic and perioperative data were comparable between both groups. The incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events after tracheal extubation was 21.6% and 5% in the supine and lateral position groups, respectively, with p = 0.007 and odds ratio = 3.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–12.6. Lateral position also reduced the incidence of airway obstruction with p = 0.004 and odds ratio = 11.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.46–95.3 and oxygen desaturation below 92% with p = 0.008 and odds ratio = 11.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.46–95. The lateral position seems to be practical and beneficial for tracheal extubation among infants.
Perioperative efficiency of sugammadex following minimally invasive gastric sleeve surgery: A superiority trial
Authors: Samad Mawadah , Sutherland Macey , Ganier Donald , Broussard David , Koveleskie Joseph , Nossaman Vaughn E , Nossaman Bobby D
Published: August 2024

Background:

Studies have proposed that the routine use of sugammadex could provide perioperative time savings and a reduction in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of sugammadex on perioperative times and on the incidences of adverse events when compared with the active control, neostigmine, for minimally invasive gastric sleeve surgery.

Methods:

Following institutional review board approval, patient characteristics, type of primary neuromuscular blocking reversal agents, operating room discharge times, post-anaesthesia care unit recovery times, and incidences of and treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting and orotracheal reintubation were the measures of interest. Superiority testing determined the between-group means differences of the reversal agents on the two perioperative time periods of interest.

Results:

Superiority testing demonstrated no improvement of the two perioperative times with sugammadex. There was no clinical difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting or in the number of antiemetic doses received in the post-anaesthesia care unit between the two groups. Finally, the two orotracheal reintubations in the post-anaesthesia care unit were in the sugammadex administered group.

Conclusion:

These results with sugammadex provide no perioperative time savings or reduce the incidence and treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting in the post-anaesthesia care unit when compared with neostigmine.
Identification and optimisation of perioperative factors for patients with von Willebrand disease undergoing elective total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Patel Ravi , Golding Steven , Nandra Rajpal , Banerjee Robin
Published: August 2024

Von Willebrand disease stands as the most prevalent bleeding disorder seen in both medical and surgical practice. Due to recurrent bleeding episodes within the joints, many patients endure arthropathy, leading to substantial pain and restricted function. Total joint arthroplasty emerges as a final option for managing such cases. Nevertheless, the existence of von Willebrand disease presents several challenges in this regard. This review aims to explore the perioperative strategies tailored for patients with von Willebrand disease undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty.
“We Follow the Disinformation”: Conceptualizing and Analyzing Fact-Checking Cultures Across Countries
Authors: Mahl Daniela , Zeng Jing , Schäfer Mike S. , Egert Fernando Antonio , Oliveira Thaiane
Published: August 2024

Democratic societies inherently depend on an informed citizenry. By shaping citizens’ voting behavior, fostering political cynicism, and reducing trust in institutions, misinformation can pose significant challenges to individuals and societies. Against this backdrop, fact-checking initiatives aimed at verifying the accuracy of publicly disseminated (mis)information have flourished worldwide. However, existing research is disproportionately oriented toward the Global North, with a focus on the United States and the most influential organizations. Equally scarce are comparative studies. To address these shortcomings, this study introduces a context-sensitive framework for analyzing fact-checking cultures and illustrates its application in a cross-national comparative design by contrasting two countries from the Global South and North: Brazil and Germany. Using a mixed-methods design, we integrate computational, qualitative, and quantitative content analysis of 11 fact-checking organizations and 13,498 fact-checking articles over 11 years (2013–2023), alongside qualitative semistructured interviews with fact-checkers ( N = 10). Our findings reveal several areas of divergence and convergence, suggesting that fact-checking cultures transcend organizational and national boundaries.
Comparison of combination skin substitutes and skin grafts versus skin grafts only for treating wounds measured by Vancouver Scar Scale: A comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Putri Indri Lakhsmi , Sindhu Florencia Christina , Aisyah Imaniar Fitri , Pramanasari Rachmaniar , Wungu Citrawati Dyah Kencono
Published: August 2024

Background:

Skin is the largest organ in the body and has multiple significant functions. A malformation or injury that compromises its integrity can lead to major issues or even mortality. Wound healing is a vital physiological process of the human skin which facilitates the repair of any damage and the preservation of homeostasis. Possible complications or infections that are fatal may ensue if the patient does not recover within the specified time. Therefore, it is essential to develop biomaterials which facilitate tissue regeneration and exhibit robust biological properties. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare combinations of skin replacements and skin grafts to skin grafts alone for wound treatment, as measured by the Vancouver Scar Scale.

Methods:

This meta-analysis utilized various databases, including as PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and ClinicalTrials.gov, to conduct a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials that compared the effectiveness of combined skin substitutes and skin grafts to skin grafts alone in the treatment of wounds. The results primarily consisted of scar features assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale.

Results:

Meta-analysis was conducted on a sample of 216 participants from 7 randomized controlled trials. The trials were conducted from 2002 to 2015. The study demonstrated that the use of skin substitutes resulted in a statistically significant improvement in Vancouver Scar Scales ratings compared to skin grafts alone. The mean change was 1.38 (95% CI: 0.13–2.63; p = 0.03).

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis indicates that the use of skin replacements provides substantial advantages and effectively aids in the closure of wounds. There is no inherent superiority among different skin substitutes. Instead, their suitability for specific patient wound circumstances is the determining factor. A comprehensive and advantageous skin substitute of significant magnitude is needed, rather than relying solely on grafts.
Two brothers with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil: A case report
Authors: DiBlasi Marco , McNamara Reilly , Jayne Christopher , Berzansky Isa , Pottle Carson , Colden Daryl
Published: August 2024

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a distinct subtype of head and neck cancer that has become increasingly linked to human papillomavirus over the last four decades. Described is the case of two brothers diagnosed with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma 6 years apart. The first brother, R.M., presented with an 8-month history of tonsillar swelling, found to be stage III human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Despite delayed treatment with chemoradiation, he developed metastatic disease and succumbed to his illness. The second brother, K.M., presented only 3 weeks after the development of neck swelling given his family history, which was also diagnosed as stage III human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Following prompt chemoradiation and neck dissection, K.M. has remained in remission for 9 years. Literature has yet to characterize this degree of familial clustering among human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Hence, this introduces the possibility of a genetic predisposition to human papillomavirus’s oncogenesis in the oropharynx. This case emphasizes the importance for clinicians to stay vigilant of the family history of human papillomavirus, as well as poses significant implications for future research investigating the interaction of genetic aberrations on human papillomavirus’s oncogenic process.
A Right-Wing Wave on TikTok? Ideological Orientations, Platform Features, and User Engagement During the Early 2022 Election Campaign in Sweden
Authors: Widholm Andreas , Ekman Mattias , Larsson Anders Olof
Published: August 2024

While TikTok has established itself as a new platform for political communication, its role during elections remains understudied by researchers. In this article, we present a content analysis of actor dynamics and ideological content characteristics on TikTok during the early phase of the 2022 election campaign in Sweden, combined with an analysis of how political orientation and utilization of TikTok’s platform features impact user engagement. Results reveal that party youth organizations had a prominent presence during the campaign, while traditional party actors were less established. TikTok tends to lean toward right-wing content, with right-wing praise being a significant predictor of user engagement. Semiotic resources such as stickers and emoticons but also added music, were widely used platform features, but these features had no or weak negative effects on user engagement. Added speech, particularly when praising right-wing politics, positively influenced user engagement, suggesting the importance of verbal communication on a platform characterized by multimodal experimentation.
A Transcendental LASSO Function for Combining Machine Learning and Statistical Model Forecasts
Authors: Şener Uğur , Terregrossa Salvatore Joseph
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study is the development of methodology for accurate estimation of electric vehicle demand; which is paramount regarding various aspects of the firms decision-making such as optimal price, production level, and corresponding amounts of capital and labor; as well as supply chain, inventory control, capital financing, and operational expenses management. The forecasting methods utilized include statistical techniques (autoregressive integrated moving average [ARIMA], and polynomial regression), machine learning (nonlinear autoregressive neural network [NAR]), deep learning (long short-term memory [LSTM]), hybrid and combination forecasting. With regard to the latter method, our study experiments with four different combining model approaches, including the introduction of an original, novel combining method with the employment of a transcendental LASSO function, which is used to form combinations of forecasts generated by the NAR, ARIMA, and polynomial regression models. The LASSO-based combining model proved superior to all other models, for the majority of forecast error statistics; where the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values are 4.5% and 8% respectively lower than the average level of the component model forecasts. The major implications of our empirical findings are that greater accuracy in demand forecasting can be achieved with a combining model approach, rather than reliance on any particular, singular model. Furthermore, given its superior performance, the employment of the studys LASSO-based combining model to forecast electric vehicle demand may lead to optimal firm decision-making over a range of organizational facets, which is predicated on accurate demand function estimation.
Biomimetic HA-GO implant coating for enhanced osseointegration via macrophage M2 polarization-induced osteo-immunomodulation
Authors: Baheti Wufanbieke , Chen Xiaotao , La Mi , He Huiyu
Published: August 2024

The pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory polarized phenotypes of macrophages (M1/M2) can be used to predict the success of implant integration. Hence, activating and inducing the transformation of immunocytes that promote tissue repair appears to be a highly promising strategy for facilitating osteo-anagenesis. In a previous study, titanium implants were coated with a graphene oxide-hydroxyapatite (GO-HA) nanocomposite via electrophoretic deposition, and the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was found to be significantly enhanced when the GO content was 2wt%. However, the effectiveness of the GO-HA nanocomposite coating in modifying the in vivo immune microenvironment still remains unclear. In this study, the effects of GO-HA coatings on osteogenesis were investigated based on the GO-HA-mediated immune regulation of macrophages. The HA-2wt%GO nanocomposite coatings exhibited good biocompatibility and favored M2 macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, they could also significantly upregulate IL-10 (anti-inflammatory factor) expression and downregulate TNF-α (pro-inflammatory factor) expression. Additionally, the microenvironment, which was established by M2 macrophages, favored the osteogenesis of BMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. These findings show that the GO-HA nanocomposite coating is a promising surface-modification material. Hence, this study provides a reference for the development of next-generation osteoimmunomodulatory biomaterials.