bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of Poly (phthalazinone Ether Ketone) Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Zhang Shou Hai , Zhang Ben Gui , Jian Xi Gao
Published: September 2013

Poly (phthalazinone ether ketone) anion exchange membranes with pyridinium groups (PyPPEK) for vanadium redox flow battery were prepared from chloromethylated poly (phthalazinone ether ketone) and pyridine. The chemical structure of PyPPEK was characterized by using FT-IR spectrum. Compared with quaternary ammonium group containing poly (phthalazinone ether ketone), PyPPEK membrane showed low ion exchange capacity, low swelling ratio and comparable tensile strength. Columbic efficiencies of VRB with anion exchange membranes were higher than that of VRB with Nafion117 membrane. When the ion exchange capacity of PyPPEK membrane was 1.40 mmol·g-1, energy efficiency of VRB with the membrane was higher than that of VRB with Nafion117 membrane at charge-discharge current densities ranging from 20 mA·cm-2 to 50 mA·cm-2.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Photovoltaic Module
Authors: Luo Ping , Lv Xia Fu , Li Min
Published: September 2013

Photovoltaic (PV) system is one kind of important renewable energy source because of its pollution-free and inexhaustible nature. The efficiency of the PV is an important factor that will determine the output power. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control was discussed and was simulated based on PSIM. The result of simulation showed that this method was efficiently and quickly.
Progress in Research of Lewis Acid Ionic Liquids Used as Catalyst in Biodiesel Synthesis
Authors: Han Ben Yong , Zhang Wu Di , Chen Yu Bao , Yin Fang , Liu Shi Qing , Zhao Xing Ling
Published: September 2013

onic liquid is a green catalyzer and solvent which can be designed by changing the structure of its cation or anion. Ionic liquid has been used in diverse chemical reactions. Especially, Ionic liquids as environmentally friendly catalysts were applied in biodiesel production. Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by ionic liquids have many merits, such as no corrosion to equipment, no pollution to environment, and reusability. In this paper, the advances in the Lewis acid ionic liquids catalysts and their application in biodiesel production were reviewed. The characterization of the ionic liquids were summarized. The catalytic reaction mechanism of the Lewis acid ionic liquids in the biodiesel production was discussed. In addition, the prospect for the application of the Lewis acid ionic liquids to catalyze biodiesel production was also stated. Since the cost of ionic liquid may be an issue, there are some challenges to be faced, such as the production of ionic liquids with low cost, easy recovery and with the possibility of reutilization of the catalyst for several cycles.
Research on High Energy Efficient Servo Drive with Safety Integrated Function
Authors: Chen Xian Feng , Zhang Wei Min
Published: September 2013

This paper focus on energy consumption and safety function of servo drive, and analysis of the safety integrated functions of the servo drive and its energy consumption features. Servo drive with "safety energy efficiency" concept was proposed based on motion control level. This paper has analyzed the energy consumption distribution characteristics formula of the servo drive architecture, and then, explain the characteristics of safety integrated function from the control path of servo drive. With analyzing the distribution of energy consumption and its safety integrated function, the safety energy efficiency model" is established, which reveals the relationship between servo drive's safety features and energy efficiency. Finally, the application prospects safety energy efficiency model was shown from the view of practical point.
First-Principles Investigation of N-Al Co-Doping Effect on ZnMgO Wide-Gap Semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Guo Ying , Liu Gui Li , Zhang Hui
Published: September 2013

We report first principles studies of p-type doping properties of ZnMgO wide-gap semiconductor alloy. The band gaps of ZnMgO and doped ZnMgO are found to be controllable, and hence one can tailor the band gap of ZnMgO or doped ZnMgO to design devices by controlling Mg composition. According to defect formation energies analysis, the solid solubility of acceptor in ZnMgO can be improved by co-doping technology. The acceptor level of N becomes shallower by Al-N co-doping in ZnMgO, hence the hole concentration is enhanced. Combining the results of defect formation energies and acceptor level of N, we can draw the conclusion that p-type doping can be easier realized by Al-N co-doping in ZnMgO than in ZnO.
Preparation and Characterization of Cobalt Modified Rectorite
Authors: Zhao Xiao Rong , Zhu Li Hua , Tang He Qing
Published: September 2013

Cobalt modified rectorite (Co@R) was prepared from sodium saturated rectorite (Na-R) with a two-step method of microwave-assisted ion-exchange and in-situ hydrolysis. The morphology, composite structure and pore properties of Co@R were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), small angle X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The adsorption ability and catalytic behavior of Co@R were studied with methyl blue (MB) as probe contaminant. The interstratified layered Na-R was stripped fully and the resultant material remained the layered structure with a slit-shaped pore between the layers of lamellar particles. The interlayer spacingd001of rectorite was increased successfully from 2.23 nm up to 2.72 nm. The Co@R has a BJH pore volume of 0.091 cm3g-1resulting from the macropores and BET specific surface area of 28.5 m2g-1. A set of test has shown that Co@R possesses the potential to become a good adsorbent and catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS), removing organic pollutants efficiently.
Separation of Heavy Metal Ions from the Solution Obtained by Leaching Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Pyrite and H2SO4
Authors: Zou Xing , Chen Xiang Quan , Xie Hai Chao , Qiu Xiao Dan
Published: September 2013

The manganese sulfate solution leached from low-grade pyrolusite with pyrite and H2SO4 contains heavy metal ions of high concentration, influencing the quality of the final products of manganese compounds and causing manganese ions not to be electrolyzed. The present study was focused on the separation of Co, Ni and Zn ions from the leached solution with BaS. By controlling the pH value at 5.0-6.5, temperature at 50-60°C, reaction time at 15 min and mixing velocity at 78 rpm, the heavy metal ions could be separated effectively. Under the above optimized conditions, the ion concentration of Co, Ni, and Zn in the solution was reduced to 0.06 mg.L-1, 0.27mg.L-1 and 0.01mg.L-1, and the separation efficiency was 99.72%, 99.18% and 99.9% respectively. The obtained pure solution meets the demands of manganese electrowinning.
Grid Shift the Peak Air Conditioning Load Regulation Applied Research
Authors: Cui Chuan Jian , Li Si Wei
Published: September 2013

As the growth of the national economy and the constantly improving of people's living standards, electricity load has maintained a rapid, high growth, especially the air conditioning load growth makes a greater impact on the economical operation of power grids, power supply and demand balance. How to achieve the peak air conditioning load regulation of power grid load cut is the main research contents of this paper, this paper design an implementation of intelligent air conditioning load regulation of power system peak load shifting program. The article describes the characteristics of grid load in the current economic situation. Designing on the different forms of communication networking Negative control chip and centralized control of the intelligent air conditioning load, also described the entire system of communication networking solutions and peaking strategy.
Kinetics of Alkali Isomerization of Linoleic Acid from Walnut Oil Converted into Conjugation of Linoleic Acid
Authors: Xiong Xiang Feng , Chen Chao Yin , Zhao Sheng Lan , Han Ben Yong
Published: September 2013

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was prepared by alkali isomerization using walnut oil as raw materials, KOH as catalyst and propylene glycol as solvent. The kinetics of alkali isomerization of linoleic acid from walnut oil converted into CLA was experimentally studied under the reaction conditions of 393~453 K,and which the initial mass ratio of propylene glycol, walnut oil and KOH was 3:2:1. The mechanism of alkali isomerization was proposed, and the mechanism model was put forward through theoretical derivation.The rate constants were determined, the mechanism model was verified,and the kinetics parameters were obtained.The results showed that alkali isomerization reaction was first order the concentration of linoleic acid, which the apparent activation energy was 67.22 kJ·mol-1and the pre-exponential constant was 8.963×105min-1.
Effect of Different Microbes on Extraction of Main Elements from Illite
Authors: Zhan Shou Fa , Chen Ye , Sun De Si
Published: September 2013

In this investigation, the bioleaching of potassium, silicon and aluminum from natural illite by three strains ofPaenibacillus polymyxa,Agrobacterium tumefaciensandPenicillium heteromorphumpurchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center was studied. Chemical analyzing investigation indicated that K2O , SiO2and Al2O3were major chemical components. Bioleaching tests were performed in an orbital shaker with 250mL conical flasks at 30°C and 200 r/min agitation. The results show that, In the whole bioleaching process, the maximum extracts of K2O , SiO2and Al2O3are 1.96, 7.96 and 4.57 g/L respectively withPaenibacillus polymyxa, 1.73, 6.9 and 4.19 g/L withAgrobacterium tumefaciens, and 1.68, 6.23 and 7.12 g/L withPenicillium heteromorphum.Paenibacillus polymyxais the most efficient of releasing K and Si, the most efficient of releasing Al is the strain ofPenicillium heteromorphum.
Purification and Characterization of Superoxide Dismutase from Martianus Dermestoides Chevrola
Authors: Yu Wen Ge , Zhang Bei Bei , Shen Yong Jian , Li Ying , Tian Yong Bin , Jiang Ming Hu
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the superoxide dismutase fromMartianus dermestoidesis purified by the following methods: heat treatment, polyethylene concentration, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and DEAE-Sepharose FF ion exchange chromatography. The result shows that the purification multiple is 3.86, the activation yield is 21.89% and the specific activation of the enzyme is 447.6 U/mg. The purified SOD appears to be a sole protein on SDS-PAGE and the molecular weight is estimated to be 40.58 kDa. H2O2can obviously inhibit the enzyme activation and CHCl3-CH3CH2OH only demonstrates basically no inhibitory effect. The type of the dermestoides SOD might be Cu/Zn-SOD. After purification, some enzymatic characterizations of the SOD are studied. The optimum reaction temperature of purified SOD is 50°C. The optimum reaction pH value of purification is 6. The dermestoide SOD has a preferable stability below 50°C and at pH values between 5-8.
A Review on Utilization of Organic Matters in Activated Sludge
Authors: Duan Guang Jie , Su Rui Jing , Li Deng Xin
Published: September 2013

Activated sludge process has been applied worldwide in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment practices. Excess sewage sludge, produced in sedimentation after wastewater bio-treatment, is an inevitable by-product of wastewater treatment processes. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. Currently, the most widely available options in the world are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), as high-molecular weight compounds are secreted by activated sludge microorganisms, which can significantly influence the physicochemical properties and function of activated sludge flocs. Because of the crucial roles of EPS, many researchers have been made to explore their chemical compositions and physicochemical properties. Polysaccharides, humic substances and proteins are usually found to be the major components of EPS. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at the organic matters.
The Industrial Test of Coal Type Adaptability for 300MW CFB Boiler
Authors: Su Jian Min , Ding Rui Feng , Hu Kang Tao
Published: September 2013

The CFB boilers located in Longyan and Jinjiang in the province of Fujian, was originally designed to burn anthracite. Recently, a research was carried out to study the adaptability of coal type by burning Shenhua bituminous coal in this unit. It showed that the temperature of bed and exhaust gas would not change signally after the change of coal type. Both of the coals share similar ash characteristics. But the use of Shenhua bituminous coal can reduce the carbon content in the fly ash and the auxiliary power rate, thus improving the economic operation of boiler. As for the pollutant, Shenhua bituminous coal brought less dust emission and more NOx. On the whole, change of the coal type is beneficial to the economic operation of the plant. The study can provide valuable references for similar type units on how to expand coal sourcing channels and reduce plant cost.
Progress in Understanding of the Key Enzyme Genes of Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng
Authors: Jin Shi Kun , Zhao Shou Jing
Published: September 2013

Ginsenosides, the major bioactive ingredients of P. ginseng can improve the anti-disease abilities of human being, and generate significant social and economic benefits. However, along with gradually or rapidly or dramatically increasing demand of the ginsenosides, extensive studies have focused on regulating the ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway on a genetic level. In this article, ginsenoside biosynthesis of key enzyme genes are described, including squalene synthase (SS), squalene epoxidase (SE), oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), dammarenediol synthase (DS), β-amyrin synthase (β-AS), lanosterol synthase (LAS), cycloartenol synthase (CAS) and P450. Additionally, this review critically analyzes and evaluates the background and theoretical basis of the previous researches, as well as the deficiencies of these researches.
The Wear Mechanism Analysis for the Surface of Aluminum Brass in Recoil Brake
Authors: Cui Kai Bo , Qin Jun Qi , Di Chang Chun , Yang Yu Liang
Published: September 2013

To study the malfunction cause and wear mechanism of aluminum brass in gun recoil brake, based on microscopic analysis technology, scrapped throttling ring from the repair facility as research objects, the throttling ring wear mechanism is analyzed systematically from the microscopic point integrated use of metallurgical microscope analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis. Studies show that, as one of the vital components in recoil brake, the throttling ring made of aluminum brass is due to the composite role of erosive abrasion, chemical corrosion and cavitation damage leading to failure. The method can provide reference for the improvement of the throttling ring and the failure analysis of similar alloy parts.
Summary of the Function of Sn in Iron and Steel
Authors: Han Ji Peng , Li Yang , Jiang Zhou Hua , Yang Yong Chao , Wang Xiu Xiu , Wang Lin , Li Kai Ting
Published: September 2013

In the steel industry Sn is always regarded as harmful impurity element, one of "Five harmful elements", which affects the welding property and equality of steel product especially the equality of continuously cast bloom and causes hot brittleness, temper brittleness, crack and fracture. While Sn element also has a vital influence on free-cutting steel, electrical sheet, cast iron and stainless steel. NSSC developed ferritic stainless steel containing low Sn and Ni content improving the corrosion resistance performance and the workability significantly. So the Sn element, as cheap alternative adding element, can substitute for Cr and Ni. It's helpful to study the effect of tin in the iron and steel and develop new stainless steel products of high equality conserving chromium resources. In this way it will promote the variety and technique of stainless steel, ensure the independence on resources and conserve resources remarkably.
The Project Design for Cold Energy Recovery of LNG Vehicle Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Yan Fa Yi , Xu Bo Yan
Published: September 2013

A kind of potential fuel for vehicles is Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) whose cryogenic energy can be recovered for vehicles air-conditioning system. In this paper, LNG city bus air-conditioning system utilizing LNG cold energy is concerned to be subject investigated. The design requirements of cold energy recovering for LNG city bus air-conditioning system are introduced and the project design is presented.
Research on Synthesis of Hexafluoropropylene
Authors: Qin Jian Zhao , Shan Fang Fang , Chen Yao Qing
Published: September 2013

The synthesis of hexafluoropropylene oxide in fixed-bed reactor using HFP as raw materials and molecular oxygen as oxidant is studied in the present paper. The selectivity of HFPO on the Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation can get 41.8%. The influence of the Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalyst modified by impregnation-sedimentation method and first group metal salts on synthesis reaction was investigated, as well as process conditions.
Influence of Chemical Treatments on Properties of Flax Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Zhang Yan Fei , Li Hui , Liu Ya Qing , Zhao Gui Zhe
Published: September 2013

Flax fibres surface were treated by different treatment in order to enhance the interfacial bonding force between flax natural fibres and vinyl resin matrix. The experiment of contact angle and mechanical property were done to characterize the surface topography and bonding force and choose the best modification. What’s more, the morphology behaviour of the flax fibre surface were charact- erized using SEM.
Value Management and Analysis of Plastic Formwork
Authors: Lin Lee Kuo , Wu Yueh Ching , Tseng Bing Chen
Published: September 2013

The civil and construction industry is the basis of industries, it has always been known as the "leading industry" and in such industry the basic material is reinforced concrete. Even in this 21st century materials science and engineering methods have developed perfectly, reinforced concrete still is the main structure material in civil and construction industry. Formwork activity is one of indispensable matters during concrete forming and hardening processes. Once the forming process has defect, it might cause the formwork collapse during the concrete placing procedure. Such damage will result in pecuniary loss or workers life. This illustrating that the formwork is one of the most important materials in theconstruction industry.
In general, formwork is mainly usedtimberas its rawmaterial. Therefore, the wooden formworkwill naturallydestruct and discard after repeating four to six times. But the remaining nail and chemicals treatment on the timber surface of the waste formwork always make the subsequent activity not easily. Such process does not echo todays trend of emphasis on the energy conservation and environmental protection. Besides, in order to keep the progress of the industry, all kinds of civil and construction industries are still continuous without considering the global temperature is getting warmer. But the timber,asaformwork rawmaterial,thespeedof deforestation is far behind the progress of forestation. Timber material will bedeforested somedaywith such vicious cycle. Therefore, if there is any appropriate material to replace wooden formwork, it will be a valuable issue for further research.
The subject of this research is using value analysis to compare function and cost between plastic formwork plate and wooden formwork plate. For the study analysis, due to thelife cycleoftheplastic formwork plate andwooden formwork plate are notthe same, so this research developstheconceptoflife cost for doing the performance comparison between plastic formwork and wooden formwork with workability, cost, flat surface and environment. The study result shows the plastic formwork is full with potential to develop.
Prediction of Fatigue Life for Single Fastener Joints in Composite Laminates
Authors: Wang Dan Yong , Liu Jun Cong , Chen Yi Wei , Li Shu Hu , Wei Hua Zhen
Published: September 2013

A progressive damage method of predicting the fatigue life of mechanically fastened joints in fiber-reinforced plastics was established, which is integrated fatigue material property degradation models. The equations of virtual work based on the theory of time increment were deduced to analyze stress-strain states under fatigue loading conditions. The three-dimensional Hashin-type fatigue failure criteria were introduced into the method to detect damage for diverse damage modes. The criteria of the structure catastrophe and the sudden material property degradation rules including the correlation among four basic damage mechanisms were also established. A software module of progressive damage analyses for bolted composite laminates is compiled, which is convenient for the application in engineering. The fatigue life, failure initiation, propagation and catastrophic failure of composite bolted joints under tension-tension fatigue loading conditions are predicted by using the fatigue progressive damage method established in the paper. An excellent agreement is found between data obtained from this study and the experiment.
Co-Extrusion Technology for Functioned Nature Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Huang Run Zhou , Zhou Cheng Jun , Zhang Yang , Wu Qing Lin
Published: September 2013

As a new-generation green composite, core-shell structure nature fibers/ polymer composites (NFPC) has been recently developed and used to enhance performance characteristics of composites. The shell layer, made of thermopolymers unfilled or filled with minerals or nature fibers and other additives, plays a critical role in enhancing overall composite properties. The co-extrusion technology for different structural and material combinations are, however, needed to achieve desired processing. In this paper, co-extrusion technology and core-shell structure NFPC have been discussed by systematically studying the effect of structure on properties of NFPC. The result of this paper can help provide a fundamental base for developing new functional applications of core-shell structure NFPCs.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on MAl2O4 Catalysts Used for the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Microalgae
Authors: Zha Yu Wei , Liu Juan , Yang Xiu Qin , Li Xia
Published: September 2013

A series of MAl2O4(M=Ni2+and Mg2+) catalysts with high catalyst activity was prepared via co-precipitation. Higher sintering temperature is favorable to catalyst activity. As-prepared MAl2O4catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, and BrunauerEmmettTeller method. MAl2O4catalysts were evaluated using the heating values of bio-oils derived from the catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae. The heating value of the bio-oils is enhanced along with the increased sintering temperature of MAl2O4catalysts. The highest heating value using MAl2O4catalysts sintered at 700 °C was 36.298 MJ/kg, which was higher than the value when using ZSM-5.
Study on Structure and Properties of Degradable Polymer/Modified Nano-Si02 Composites
Authors: He Hong , Long Zhu , Dai Lei , Lv Yong
Published: September 2013

By using Isopropyl tri (dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate modified nanoSi02. Poly (ε-caprolactone)(PCL) and Poly (Butylene Succinate Adipate)(PBSA) blends was prepared by melt mixing. Its structure and mechanical properties were studied respectively with infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), universal material testing machine and scanning electron microscope (SEM),and analysis the degradation behavior by soil buried experiment The results showed that the modified nanoSi02 content is 4%, the mechanical properties of composite degradation material is improved obviously. The SEM results showed that a low amount of modified nanoSi02 can be dispersed evenly in the blends, while agglomeration of was observed in blends with increasing modified nanoSi02 content. Compared with SEM image after degradation, the degradation behavior of the composites was good.
Effect of the Substrate Temperature on the Transition from Amorphous to Microcrystalline Silicon with High Hydrogen Dilution
Authors: Zhang Ming Liang , Yang Hui Dong , Yang Kai Zhao
Published: September 2013

Transition films of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) to microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) have attracted much attention due to the stability, high overall quality for solar cells configuration. Hydrogenated amorphous and microcrystalline silicon films were deposited on glass substrates by a conventional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PEVCD) varying the substrate temperature from 275 to 350 °C. A silane concentration of 4% and a total flow rate of 100 sccm were used at a gas pressure of 267 Pa. The film thicknesses of the prepared samples were between 700 and 900 nm estimated from the optical transmission spectra. The deposition rates were between 0.2 and 0.3 nm/s. The phase composition of the deposited silicon films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon was found at the higher temperatures. The crystallization process of the amorphous silicon can be affected by the substrate temperature. A narrow structural transition region was observed from the changes of the crystalline volume fraction. The dark electrical conductivity of the silicon films increased as the substrate temperature increasing.
Preparation and Thermal Propertites of Polyethylene Glycol/ Silica Hollow Nanospheres Composite as Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials
Authors: Feng Li Li , Tong Jing Jing , Wang Chong Yun
Published: September 2013

Shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM) composed of polyethylene glycol and silica hollow nanospheres was prepared by a vacuum impregnating method. Thermal properties of the composite PCM were investigated by various techniques. Lower phase change temperature and enthalpy of the composite PCM were observed. It is concluded that the phase change properties of the composite PCM are inﬂuenced by the adsorption conﬁnement of the PEG segments from the porous structure of the silica hollow nanospheres.
Preparation and Mechanism of Spherical [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox Precursors for Li [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 by an Ultrasonic Atomization Method
Authors: Chen Qing Lin , Liu Xue Wen , Rong Bao Hua , Tang Kun , Yang Hua Zhen , Lu Yan Wen , Wu Xing Yun , Shen Fei , Tang Yue Feng , Chen Yan Feng
Published: September 2013

The spherical precursors - [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox and Li [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 were synthesized by an ultrasonic atomization method via two routes. The [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox and Li [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the initial concentration of the raw solution would affect the size of precursor [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox particles. The Li [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 particles which were prepared from the mixture of LiNO3 and [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox were much larger than the precursor particles and those prepared from the LiNO3-[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]Ox may maintain the size of the precursor particles.
Use of Hydroxyl Radical Yield to Investigate a Urea and Cobalt Modified TiO2 Photocatalyst Degrading Rhodamine B under UV and Visible Light
Authors: Shen Jyun Hong , Lu Pei Chi , Horng Jao Jia
Published: September 2013

Material modification of TiO2 photo-catalyst (NMTi) by doping urea and cobalt via sol-gel method was used to achieve high efficiency degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light (Vis). Although good removal (up to 42% of TOC removed) of RhB by Degussa P25 under ultra violet irradiation, P25 did not effectively degrade RhB (up to 14% TOC removed) under Vis. In the batch photo-catalytic experiment with Vis irradiation, the removal efficiencies of absorbance and TOC by NMTi were 28 and 30%. We used terephthalic acid as fluorescence probe to catch hydroxyl radical (OH) and calculated their quantum yields. The OH yields of NMTi with Vis irradiating was 8.91×10-6 while P25 of 2.65×10-6 (P25 of 1.44×10-5 and NMTi of 1.00×10-5 under UV). The OH yields of NMTi were higher than that of P25 under Vis, but otherwise under UV irradiation. Therefore, our new composited NMTi was more effective than P25 under Vis for both absorbance and TOC removal of RhB. It seemed possessed the application potential under Vis irradiation.
Synthesis of TEOS-Based Silica Spherical Particles by Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Hong Qi , Xue Wei
Published: September 2013

Spherical silica particles, with mean sizes about 1.2 μm, were prepared through TEOS sol-gel process catalyzed by ammonia. The silica particles have a smooth surface and a small specific surface area, 3.4 m2/g. The sol-gel process was monitored by React IRTMusing an in-situ technique. Based on the measurements, mechanism of TEOS hydrolyzation and succedent condensation polymerization was inferred. With the adding of ammonia, OH-anion attacks Si atomic nucleus directly and makes it showing negative electricity. Therefore the electron cloud shifts to the OR group on the other side. This weakens the Si-O bond and results in the removal of the OR group. Furthermore, silanol, generated from TEOS hydrolyzation, attracts Si-OR or other Si-OH around; thereby resulting rapid dehydration or dealcohol between molecular. So the condensation polymerization rate is elevated, and Si-O-Si bond comes into being. Lastly, cross-linking reaction among Si-O-Si bonds forms the particle.
The Feasibility of Fluorine Ammonium Compounds for Sandstone Formation Matrix Acidizing: Laboratory Study and Discussion
Authors: Li Fu , Wu An Lin , Xia Min Min , Liu Hong Xian , Zhang Ting Ting
Published: September 2013

As a preferred technology to enhance oilfield energy production, well stimulation has and will continue to have an important role in fulfilling the worlds future energy needs. Mud acid is a conventional acid system that reacts with most injurants and removes damages. However, fast reaction rate with minerals will lead to high leak-off velocity, great possibility of secondary and tertiary precipitation, lower effect of corrosion inhibitor in high temperature as well as short efficient operating range. Therefore, new kinds of acid system are required to cope with these problems above. This paper proposed three acid system with the similarity of fluorine ammonium compounds for sandstone acidizing ammonium hydrogen fluoride (AHF), ammonium fluotitanate (AFT), and ammonium fluoroborate system (AFB). Chemical structures, acidity test and solubility tests have proved the feasibility. Then, performance comparisons are conducted to prove the advantages over mud acid system.
Characterization of Oxide Layer Formed on NiTi Alloy by Anodic Oxidation in a Molybdate Electrolyte
Authors: Su Xiang Dong , He Li , Ding Yuan Fa , Huang Jian , Li Yong , Hao Wei Chang
Published: September 2013

NiTi shape memory alloy was potentiostatically anodized in a molybdate electrolyte containing ammoniac ion to form a thick and uniform oxide layer. The oxide layer was characterized by SEM, XRD, EPMA, XPS and potentiodynamic polarization test. It was found that the as-prepared coating is a thick (approx. 40 μm), smooth and dense oxide layer, and is free of cracks and porous defects. Moreover, the surface analyses revealed that the anodic oxidation at 60 mV potential (SCE) reduces significantly the proportion of Ni in the outmost surface layer, and the atomic ratio of Ti and Ni elements is raised from 1:1 to 9.7:1. The as-prepared coating was primarily composed of noncrystalline TiO2 on the outermost surface with a small quantity of Ni (OH)2. Potentiodynamic polarization tests in Fusayama artificial saliva pH 6.2 demonstrated that the oxide layer presents a significant increase in breakdown potential due to titanium enrichment.
Preparation and Characterization of UV Curable Polyurethane Acrylate Adhesives
Authors: Wen Qing Zhen , Zhang Ying , Zhu Jin Hua
Published: September 2013

A series of UV-PUA films with different active diluents were prepared, The effect of the content of active diluent TPGDA or TMPTA on Photopolymerization kinetics and Mechanical properties was studied. The effect of formulation on mechanical properties was investigated. The results showed that when the content of oligomer PUA was 40%-45%, the content of HEA was 8%-10%, the content of TPGDA was 10%-14% and the content of TMPTA was 18%-25% ,PUA films with good mechanical properties were obtained.
Fracture Properties and Microstructure of Concrete Made with Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Qi Bing , Gao Jian Ming
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the results of the fracture properties and microstructure of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) compared with those of natural aggregate concrete (NAC). Concrete specimens were fabricated and tested with the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacing of 0%, 40%, 70% and 100%, respectively. The three-point bending beam method was used to measure the fracture properties of the concrete. SEM and X-CT were used to investigate the microstructure of the concrete. The RCA addition in the concrete caused a decrease in the fracture properties and loose microstructure.
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Waste Ground Rubber Powders Blends via a Mechano-Chemical Method
Authors: Yang Wen Pan , Wang Ming Ming , Liu Jun Liang , Zhang Ming
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the rubber blends of natural rubber (NR) with waste ground rubber powders (WGRPs) have been successfully prepared by mechano-chemical activation method and influences of the amounts of WGRPs on the mechanical properties of have been systematically investigated. The results indicated that the mechano-chemical treatment helped for releasing the active agents of WGRPs and formatting homogenous the cross-linked structures of final products. The tensile strengths linearly decreased from 28.6MPa to 12.6MPa while the tear strengths exponentially decreased from 72.8kN/m to 19.4kN/m as the function of the adding amounts of WGRPs.
The Preparation and Performance of a Multifunctional Corrosion Inhibitor in Seawater
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Zhen Fa , Liu Zhan , Wu Yun Juan , Zhang Li Hui
Published: September 2013

A multifunctional corrosion inhibitor was prepared from polyaspartic acid (PASP), sodium gluconate,zinc sulfate,hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid (HPAA) and benzotriazole (BTA). The performance of corrosion inhibition was evaluated by rotary hanging-piece corrosion tests and steady polarization. The result showed that the corrosion inhibitor was an anodic inhibitor and had good corrosion inhibition performance both on A3 carbon steel and H62 copper in seawater. The corrosion inhibition rate of A3 carbon steel was 93.15% and the corrosion inhibition rate of H62 copper was 93.55% when the concentration of corrosion inhibitor was 150 mgL-1in seawater at 40°C.
Effects of Flue Gas Inlet Structure on the Flow Field Characteristics of Multi-Stage Liquid Column Scrubber
Authors: Duan Zhen Ya , Zheng Fu Lin , Shi Hui Ling , Zhang Jun Mei
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the numerical model of multi-stage liquid column scrubber was established. The flow field of liquid column scrubber with different inlet structure was respectively simulated by a commercial CFD code, Fluent. Considering the distribution characteristics of static pressure and velocity in the scrubber, this inlet type, single horizontal gas inlet with a notch at the bottom, is regarded as the most reasonable structure. On one hand, that structure has uniform distribution of static pressure. On the other hand, the velocity profile of its field presents saddle shape, i.e. the low central velocity exists between two peaks, which could contribute to weakening wall-flow phenomenon and obtaining uniform gas-liquid distribution.
Growth Trajectory Modeling for a Full-Sib Pedigree of Salix suchouenesis
Authors: Chen Ying Nan , Ma Qiu Yue , Qu Ji Teng , Dai Xiao Gang , Yin Tong Ming
Published: September 2013

In this study, we measured the growth increments periodically for 450 progeny in a fully sib family of the annually harvesting basket willow (S. suchouensis). By testing with different non-linear models of Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy, results showed that the indices of fitness (R2) of these three models were all up to 0.95. However, the expected values obtained with Logistic and Gompertz models diverged significantly from the observed values at the beginning growth stage. By contrast, the expected value of Von Bertalanffy model fit well with the observed value through the whole growth season, and with the highest R2of 0.994. We established the ideal statistical model that can be used to track the dynamic changes in growth rates of a basket willow pedigree. This study provided essential information for learning the dynamic expression of genes underlying the dynamic growth rates forS. suchouensis.
Performance of Soil-Root System of Setaria viridis Community in Soil Reinforcement and Slope Protection on the Water-Level-Fluctuation Belt in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region
Authors: Mao Jun Hua , Zhang Jin Xia , Chen Fang Qing
Published: September 2013

The soil-root system formatted by plant roots and soil has a good effect in soil reinforcement and slope protection. Setaria viridis is a common species distributing in the three gorges reservoir region. In order to determine the performance of the species in soil reinforcement and slope protection and its variation characteristics on the water-level-fluctuation belt, we tested the tensile strength, anti-scouribility, anti-erodibility and shear resistance of the community soil-root systems. The results showed that the root system of S. viridis community grew better with the increase of altitude under the influence of water level fluctuation. The soil - root system of S. viridis community has an effect on soil reinforcement and slope protection. Its tensile strength of roots ranged from 60 to 90 Kpa/mm2,and its anti-scouribility enhancement coefficient, soil anti-erodibility enhancement coefficient and shear strength of soil-root system reached 0.15 to 0.90, 0.30 to 0.73, and 9 to 24 Kpa respectively. Its effects in soil reinforcement increased with the altitude increases. The correlation analysis indicated that the effects related significantly with root biomass. It is concluded that spatial changes of effects of soil-root systems in its soil reinforcement and slope protection might result from difference of root growth caused by water level fluctuation.
Research on Dust Pollution and Control Countermeasures in Working Environment of Manufacturing Friction Materials
Authors: Wang Yong Yi , Li Lin
Published: September 2013

On the basis of investigation and survey on Chinese enterprises manufacturing asbestos friction material, it is concluded through analysis that key operation posts and pollution features of dust hazard during the process of manufacturing asbestos friction material in the way of the application of process management and hazard identification. Transport and feeding of asbestos and packing etc, hot briquetting, polishing and stamping punch are important operation posts of asbestos dust dispersing, characterized by wide distribution of dust producing places, difficulty in the implementation of closeness and ventilating measures, and extensive dispersing of asbestos dust following air and stream of people. According to three-E principle of risk management theory and safety production accident prevention, controlling asbestos dust should, based on the improvement of technology and abandonment of the use of older production equipment, comprehensively adopt engineering technology, individual protection and legal measures to prevent and reduce asbestos dust pollution and occupational hazard of enterprises manufacturing asbestos friction material.
Study on Well Location Methods in Deep Buried Area of Karst Aquifer-Giving an Example in Boai County, Henan
Authors: Ma Zhen Bo , Yan Chang Hai , Wu Ji Chen , Li Zhi Xun
Published: September 2013

Based on the groundwater exploration project in serious water shortage region (Jiaozuo, Henan) of Huaihe valley, the paper explores a comprehensive borehole location method from water detection experience in northern carbonate rock hilly area of Boai county, Henan. The results show that in the deep buried area of Karst aquifer, the combination of hydrogeologic survey-structural controlled water theory, high density electrical method and V8-controlled source audio magnetotelluric is effectively in borehole location ,which can greatly reduce the rate of "dry well" and improve the proportion of completion.
Thermal Comfort Analysis of a Ship Air-Conditioning System Using Solidworks Flow Simulation
Authors: Nawaz Hamid , Yuan Yan Sheng
Published: September 2013

The focus of this work is to simulate and optimize thermal comfort in a ship air-conditioning system by evaluating the performance of different types of air supply outlets. Thermal comfort analyses were performed in Solidworks Flow Simulation software by changing the number, type and position of air supply outlets and the comfort was optimized by evaluating the values of temperature, velocity, PMV (Predicted mean vote) & PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied). It was concluded from the results obtained from different analyses that air supply outlet is a vital part in any type of HVAC (Heating ventilation & air conditioning) system design, as its number, type and position has significant effect on the air distribution and thermal comfort in a subject space. It was also deduced that improper selection of air supply outlet can result in room air stagnation, unacceptable temperature gradients, and undesirable velocities in the occupied zone that may lead to occupant discomfort. Through this work the importance and effectiveness of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) design tools, in the design & optimization of HVAC systems has been evaluated and it was concluded that CFD design software like Solidworks flow simulation provide an excellent provision to validate different aspects of HVAC design before actual construction.
Effect of Gas Composition on Removal of NO by Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Dai Xin , Wang Dong
Published: September 2013

In order to understand the reaction mechanisms of NO removal in Dielectric Barrier Discharge reactor, the effect of gas composition on plasma reduction of NO was studied. In this experiment, single-layer barrier tube plasma reactor was used to study the influence of O2and C2H4(ethylene) to NO removal rate. The result indicated that: with the increase of input power, NO removal efficiency increased gradually in the N2/NO system; The O2added to the gas caused removal efficiency to reduce. There was no significant effect on removal of NO with C2H4added alone. In the N2/NO/O2/C2H4gas condition, C2H4will promote the conversion from NO to NO2, the removal efficiency of NO increased as more C2H4was added. And the presence of C2H4was conductive to reduce input power.
Enhancement of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption by Lithium Decorating and Fullerene Encapsulating in Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lu Rui Feng , Rao De Wei , Meng Zhao Shun , Deng Kai Ming
Published: September 2013

Using grand canonical Monte Carlo method, the capacities of CO2adsorption in IRMOF-12 and-14 are simulated at ambient conditions. We have theoretically found that CO2uptake can be greatly enhanced by either lithium doping or fullerene impregnating, and the influence of the Li doping is more significant than that of C60impregnation. Furthermore, the CO2storage capacities of IRMOFs after both Li doping and C60impregnating are improved to be about 30 times those of corresponding pristine structures. To further understand the mechanism, we analyzed the distribution pattern of CO2adsorption in materials and investigated the relationships between CO2uptakes and crystal density, surface area per volume and per mass, and pore volume per volume and per mass in detail.
Research on the Electric Vehicle Remanufacturable Battery Supply Chain with Recycling Channels
Authors: Nong Guo Ping , Pang Su Lin
Published: September 2013

This paper studies management and coordination problems of electric vehicle battery supply chain based on old for new selling strategies. Closed-loop supply chain is widely applied in electric vehicle remanufacturable battery industry. Two channels of battery recycling are considered, which are recycling station channel and retailer channel. Recycling battery in recycling station channel is discarded battery, which is low value and high cost to remanufacturing, while recycling battery in retailer channel is used battery, which is good condition and low cost to remanufacturing but high collecting cost. The mathematical models based on Stackelberg model are established and prove that the old for new selling strategies is Pareto improvement, which increase profit both of supplier and retailer and enlarge the scale of market.
Numerical Simulations of Uniaxial Tension Behaviour of Aluminum Single Crystal by Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method
Authors: Chen Cong Sheng , Chen Xue Hui , Huang Lei , Lei Jing Fa , He Ping
Published: September 2013

Based on the rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory, the user material subroutine is embedded into the abaqus / standard, which is able to describe the changes of grain orientation. The crystal plasticity finite element method is used to simulate the aluminum single crystal uniaxial tension and the stress and strain response is analyzed under different tension displacement.
Research on Effects of Accuracy in Variable Loading on the High-Pressure Water Jet Incremental Forming
Authors: Zhang Ling Yun , Nie Li
Published: September 2013

High-pressure Water Jet Increment Sheet Metal Forming adopt the idea of layered manufacturing to scatter a complex three-dimension shape to many 2-dimension layers along z axis, and then the water jet machine partially on these layers. We did a research on that the distance from square processing trajectory to center and the water pressure affect the limits of forming height by finite element simulation of high-pressure water jet box-shape piece incremental forming with the thought of layered manufacturing. Based on this, puts forward a new method of different 2-dimension layers is loaded on different water pressure to improve water jet incremental forming accuracy. This method was proved feasibility by finite element simulation.
Research on the Wear Characteristics of PDC Diamond Cutting Tools for Natural Granite
Authors: Zhao De Hong , Yan Guang Yu , Wu Yu Hou , Ren Wen Xiang
Published: September 2013

PCD diamond cutting tools which named sintering diamond tool is the main cutting tool of the natural granite, the cutting characteristics of that have great influence on machining efficiency and machining quality. At present, most scholars are relatively mature on the research of diamond tool wear condition by the physical attributes of the PCD diamond tool and physical components of natural stone material. This paper studies the impact of cutting parameters on the tool wear, optimization of process parameters.
The Residue Harmonic Balance Method for Duffing-Van Der Pol Oscillator with Fractional Derivative
Authors: Xue Xin , Li Lian Zhong , Sun Dan
Published: September 2013

Duffing-van der Pol oscillator with fractional derivative was constructed in this paper. The solution procedure was proposed with the residue harmonic balance method. The effect of different fractional orders on resonance responses of the system in steady state were analyzed for an example without parameters. The approximate solutions were contrasted with numerical solutions. The results show that the residue harmonic balance method to Duffing-van der Pol differential equation with fractional derivative is very valid.