bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Security and Privacy in E-Banking
Authors: - Gajendra Shukla , - Madhuri Puranik
Published: February 2025

This content highlights the importance of “Security and Privacy in E-Banking” and explores the balance between security and user privacy in digital finance. To examine the changing landscape, Discovery has implemented various security measures, including encryption systems, multi-factor authentication and fraud devices, primarily in electronic banking systems. It also examines emerging privacy issues, including data breaches, identity theft, and misuse of personal information. In addition to analysis, the review will also focus on strategies that will respond to the company's income in order to reduce these problems. Focus on your customers and build trust. This includes a comprehensive assessment of technological advances, regulatory compliance and customer education measures. By understanding and solving these problems, banks aim to strengthen their digital processes and create a safe and reliable online financial transaction.
Bullwhip Effect Mitigated by Data Base Management System
Authors: - Komal Preet Kaur
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The risk of uncertainty in demand or spurious demand will lead to generation of bullwhip effect. In this research paper biasness of information and actual order of stock will be investigated through the employment of computerized system.
Design: This study is conducted to address the gap systematic literature review of 40 articles is concluded from the year 2017 to 2024. The source of article is web of science and Scopus, using PRISMA protocol with the help of TCCM framework.
Finding: The result under this research is information is amplified while reaching from end consumer to manufacture the main cause find in various studies is lead time. The factors related to the bullwhip effect also found in it.
Original value: Under this research provide insight to manufactures, suppliers, investors, managers in the replenishment policy making and also efficient utilization of resources. Mainly significance of this research to provide insight to the new startups how to maintain inventory.
Bridging the Gap: How Academic Institutions Can Foster the Future of Social Entrepreneurship in India
Authors: - Janani Mohan
Published: February 2025

Social entrepreneurship represents a transformative approach to addressing societal challenges by blending innovation with sustainability. With an estimated two million social enterprises, India boasts one of the world's most dynamic social entrepreneurship ecosystems. Social enterprises in the country predominantly focus on seven high-impact sectors: agriculture, clean energy, health, financial inclusion, water and sanitation, and education. Academic institutions in India have a vital role in cultivating socially-conscious leaders capable of driving significant change in these areas. This article delves into the pivotal contributions of Indian academic institutions in fostering social entrepreneurship, emphasizing empathy-driven education, curriculum development, hands-on learning, and strategic collaborations. It also examines existing challenges, including the operational hurdles faced by incubators, the gap in students' understanding of real-world problems, and the disproportionate focus on technology-based solutions, offering actionable recommendations to bridge these divides
The Economic Impact of Agricultural Education and Training on Rural Development : A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: - Manohar , - Manoj Kumar M , - Dr. Sandhya S
Published: February 2025

Agriculture is a very critical input in the economic development of many nations, mainly the developing regions. This involves changing agricultural practices to make the food security situation much better, improve productivity and, above
all, enhance sustainability. This paper highlights education and training in modern agriculture as an important method that can be used in mitigating the challenges caused by climate change, depletion of resources, and population increase. It looks at education and training programs in impact on farmer knowledge, adopting new technologies, and advocating for sustainable agricultural practices, coupled with case studies, data, and trends from worldwide.
LGBTQ+ Rights in Law: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: - Aanya Jain
Published: February 2025

This study looks at the progress, challenges, and future directions of LGBTQ+ rights in law. It reviews historical discrimination, landmark legal milestones, and the role of advocacy organizations like the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) and ILGA World in driving reforms. The research will use a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and analysis of primary and secondary data. The paper outlines some of the key findings, which include disparities in the world regarding LGBTQ+ rights, persistence in cultural resistance, and the gap in enforcing protection, including legal progress like marriage equality and anti-discrimination laws. It also suggests recommendations on building stronger legal frameworks, cultural barriers, and international collaboration that can make the world equal and inclusive for all the LGBTQ+ people. This research contributes to the greater conversation on how to achieve universal human rights by identifying problems that persist and proposing solutions that are actionable.
The Impact of International Trade on Emerging Economies: A Study of India
Authors: - Ummey Aiman
Published: February 2025

Historical and contemporary research suggests that India stands as one of the most rapidly expanding and appealing economies globally, having established itself as a sought-after locale for foreign investment. Since 1991, India has adhered to stringent policies that have constrained the economy's engagement in international trade, resulting in a greater emphasis on protectionism rather than fostering an open market environment. Since 1991, the Indian government has implemented a series of economic reform measures aimed at invigorating the economy. The proposed reform measures encompass fiscal adjustments, a reduction in tariff levels concerning a substantial array of imports, the management of exchange rates, and the strategic utilisation of exchange rates as a mechanism for promoting exports and shaping trade policies. Nevertheless, the reforms enacted in India bore a striking resemblance to those pursued by other developing nations; the primary distinction lay in the pace at which they were executed. India possesses a notable advantage in the form of a stable political climate. The prevailing government and ruling party have maintained a firm grip on the political landscape, thereby fostering an environment conducive to investment. India has asserted its influence within the global economy, as evidenced by its position in international institutions such as the G-8 and G-20, as well as its free trade agreements with ASEAN and the EU.
AI Adoption in SMEs: Integrating Supply Chain and Financial Strategies for Competitive Advantage
Authors: - Advit Kukreja
Published: February 2025

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in global economic growth, yet they face unique challenges in managing supply chain operations and financial strategies. This paper explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can transform these areas, providing SMEs with tools for enhanced decision-making, cost reduction, and operational efficiency. By leveraging AI-driven predictive analytics, inventory optimization, and financial automation, SMEs can improve demand forecasting, streamline supply chains, and enhance cash flow management. The study highlights case studies of successful AI adoption and examines the challenges SMEs face, including budget constraints, skill gaps, and data privacy concerns. Policy recommendations and future implications of AI integration are discussed, emphasizing its potential to foster innovation, scalability, and sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive framework for SMEs to adopt AI technologies strategically, ensuring long-term growth and competitiveness in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Beyond Humanity: Transhumanism and Its Consequences in Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake
Authors: - Mr. Cyril.B
Published: February 2025

This paper analyzes Margaret Atwood`s novel Oryx and Crake, exploring the interaction among humanity, technology, and bioengineering inside transhumanism. It examines the dystopian society Atwood depicts, specializing in the moral demanding situations raised through genetic engineering and synthetic intelligence. Through this setting, Atwood questions identity, morality, and what it approaches to be human. By reading key characters and their relationships with technology, this paper argues that whilst Atwood recognizes the advantages of technological advancements, she additionally warns of the risks of unchecked medical experimentation. The novel in the end serves as a cautionary tale, urging readers to keep in mind the moral obligations tied to technological progress. This studies provides to the communiqué on transhumanism, positioning Oryx and Crake as a vital mirrored image on humanity`s destiny with inside the face of fast technological change.
Impact of Socio-economic Factors on Child Trafficking in India : Policy Implications and Solutions
Authors: - JAVAID TALIB , - ASHRAF KHAN
Published: February 2025

A multitude of socio-economic issues, such as those that impede national development and sustain cycles of poverty and inequality, contribute to child trafficking in India, making it one of the most critical human rights concerns. Poverty, lack of education and healthcare, gender discrimination, and illiteracy are some of the socioeconomic factors identified as contributing to the problem of child trafficking. This paper delves into how these elements put children at risk of being used by traffickers, who prey on families that are longing for a better life. The study also explores the societal and cultural standards that uphold child
labour, sexual exploitation, and forced marriage as forms of child trafficking. In addition to rescuing and rehabilitating trafficked children, it stresses the importance of tackling the underlying causes of trafficking via social and economic development, education, and awareness campaigns. To successfully prevent child trafficking, the study argues for stronger financial safety nets, improved access to schooling, and more inter-agency coordination. The study’s overarching goal is to help put an end to child trafficking in India by recommending policies that would make our country safer for kids and bring about lasting social transformation.
Sociological Implications of Cyber-Crime on Military Operations and National Security
Authors: - Dr. Harsimran Kaur , - Dr. Suneet
Published: February 2025

The rise of cyber-crime presents a profound challenge to military operations and national security, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach to understand and mitigate its effects. This article delves into the sociological implications of cyber-crime on military operations and national security, highlighting the interplay between social dynamics, technological vulnerabilities, and strategic defense mechanisms. By examining case studies of cyber-attacks on military infrastructure and analyzing the societal impact of these incidents, this paper elucidates how cyber threats undermine trust, disrupt social order, and necessitate adaptive defense strategies. Furthermore, it explores the role of social institutions in fostering resilience against cyber threats and the importance of cross-sector collaboration in strengthening national security. This article explores these sociological dimensions, providing a comprehensive analysis of how cyber-crime affects military operations and national security. The discussion extends to the ethical considerations and policy implications of cyber defense, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that integrates sociological insights with technical expertise. The article concludes with recommendations for enhancing the sociological understanding of cyber-crime and its implications for military and national security, advocating for comprehensive education, robust public-private partnerships, and innovative policy frameworks to address the evolving cyber threat landscape.
Andung, the Art of Grieving in the Toba Batak Community
Authors: - Eva Saryati Panggabean , - Demsy Jura
Published: February 2025

This article examines the tradition of andung, a cultural practice in the Toba Batak community, which functions as an art form and a means of expressing emotions, especially in mourning. Andung is a ritual and reflects essential values in the Toba Batak culture, such as respect for ancestors and the importance of family relationships. This tradition helps maintain community identity, providing a sense of togetherness and solidarity among community members when facing loss.
The Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Advancing Social Inclusion in India
Authors: - Sanket Sanjay Shirsat , - Dr. Lalhmingmawii Gangte
Published: February 2025

The emergence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a compulsory framework has compelled private sector firms to take an active part in tackling social disparities and inequality in their communities. Corporations are now required to create chances for ethnic minorities, women, individuals with disabilities, and other socially disadvantaged groups, especially through welfare and development efforts that correspond with CSR objectives. There is an urgent necessity for a thorough assessment and documenting of these organizations' policies on social inclusivity to comprehend the methods by which they include inclusive practices into their strategies for tackling social issues.
The primary objective of this study is to explore the CSR activities of firms in India, with specific emphasis on investments in several development sectors. This research seeks to analyze the nature and extent of CSR efforts, focusing particularly on how these programs foster inclusive platforms for marginalized groups. This study examines secondary data from academic articles, government reports, and business annual disclosures to evaluate the efficacy of CSR in fostering social inclusion and mitigating systemic disparities.
The study concludes by providing insights into the future prospects and opportunities related to CSR and social inclusion in India, highlighting the potential for these activities to foster good change and enhance the well-being of marginalized communities.
The Dual Edge of Fluoride ; Effects of Fluoride on Oral Health
Authors: - Monika katewa , - Dr. Imran khan
Published: February 2025

Fluoride is vital for dental health, promoting enamel remineralization and reducing decay risk. However, both low and high fluoride levels in drinking water pose health risks. Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan, exhibits significant spatial variability in fluoride concentrations (0.3–1.4 ppm), resulting in dental health issues.

Study Area and Methodology:
• Conducted in Udaipurwati, Chirawa, and Pilani blocks across 68 villages.
• Villages categorized into four groups based on fluoride levels (<0.5, 0.5–1, 1–1.05, ≥2 ppm).
• Data collected through groundwater sampling, fluoride analysis (ion-selective electrodes), and dental health surveys among 480
Cryptocurrency Regulation: A Comparative Analysis of Indian Scenario
Authors: - Mohammad Meezan , - Kande Vinay Karthik , - Mohammed Mehraj Pasha , - Dr. Sandhya S
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we describe the position regulation of cryptocurrencies in India and compare it with the worldwide regulatory framework. It analyzes the influence such regulations have on the Indian market, indicating the obstacles as well as opportunities. It emphasizes the importance of focusing on such measures which both stimulate the growth of new ideas and the strength of the market as well as the security of investors. This paper aims at providing guidance on how to improve India’s approaches towards the regulation of the cryptocurrency market through a comparative perspective.
Evaluating the financial health of Cairn India: A case study of the Barmer operations
Authors: - Rupam kumari , - Surendra kumar kulshrestha
Published: February 2025

Cairn India, a subsidiary of Vedanta Resources Limited, is a key player in India's oil and gas industry. Among its numerous ventures, Cairn India’s operations in Rajasthan's Barmer district stand out as a cornerstone of its success. The discovery of one of India's largest onshore oil fields in Barmer in 2004 has transformed the region into a hub of oil and gas production, fueling both the company’s growth and the local economy. This study provides an in-depth analysis of Cairn India's financial health from 2007-2020, focusing on key financial metrics such as revenue, profitability, assets, liabilities, and cash flows. Operating in Rajasthan's Barmer district, Cairn India has played a crucial role in the region's economic landscape. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the company's year-over-year financial patterns to gain insight into its future performance, utilizing multivariable data analysis and statistical techniques. Data were sourced from credible secondary sources, including reports from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Rajasthan's Economic Surveys, and other official publications. The analysis employs a semi-log model to examine the company’s financial trajectory, revealing slight negative growth in revenue and gross profit, although these declines are not statistically significant, signaling stability rather than a major downturn. The company’s significant growth in non-current assets reflects its long-term investment strategy, but a rapid rise in total liabilities raises concerns about its increasing debt burden. Cash flows across operations, investing, and financing activities show stagnation, further underscoring financial challenges. The study highlights the need for Cairn India to manage its debt levels, improve operational efficiency, and explore revenue diversification, particularly in renewable energy, to ensure sustainable growth and financial resilience amidst evolving market conditions.
The Role of IoT and Analytics in Shaping Smart Cities: A Case Study Approach
Authors: - Aabheer Juneja
Published: February 2025

The paper titled "The Role of IoT and Analytics in Shaping Smart Cities: A Case Study Approach" explores the transformative impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics on urban environments, emphasizing their role in the development of smart cities. As municipalities increasingly adopt technology to enhance quality of life, this research identifies key components of smart city infrastructure, including urban planning, basic services, and policy frameworks. The study highlights how IoT facilitates real-time data collection and analysis, which are crucial for effective urban management and decision-making. By examining various case studies, particularly focusing on Barcelona, the paper illustrates practical applications of IoT in traffic management, waste reduction, and citizen engagement. The findings underscore the necessity for policymakers and urban planners to embrace these technologies to foster sustainable urban development while addressing challenges such as data security and integration. This comprehensive literature review serves as a foundational resource for stakeholders aiming to leverage technological synergies in creating resilient and efficient urban spaces.
Development of A Real-Time Android Messenger Application
Authors: - Saksham Bhatia , - Amit Kumar , - Md Arman , - Saleem
Published: February 2025

This paper presents "LinkUp," an Android-based messaging application developed with Java and XML for frontend design and Firebase for real-time database integration. LinkUp aims to provide an intuitive and personalized user
experience while delivering robust messaging functionalities. The application encompasses essential features such as user authentication, real-time message exchange, and profile customization. With a user-friendly interface and responsive design, LinkUp serves as an efficient communication platform tailored for modern users.
Personalization at Scale: How AI Influencers Transform Marketing for Startups
Authors: - Saanvi Agarwal
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the transformative impact of AI influencers on marketing strategies for startups, emphasizing the role of personalization at scale. The aim is to explore how startups can optimize resources and enhance customer
engagement using AI-driven tools. Data was collected through case study analysis, industry reports, and interviews with marketing professionals, providing a comprehensive understanding of AI integration in influencer marketing. Key
findings demonstrate that AI enables startups to identify optimal influencers, personalize content effectively, and achieve measurable improvements in campaign ROI. However, challenges such as ethical concerns, data privacy, and algorithmic biases are significant barriers to adoption. The research concludes that while AI offers startups innovative and scalable solutions, success relies on ethical practices, transparency, and fostering consumer trust. By adopting responsible AI strategies, startups can leverage the power of AI influencers to achieve sustainable growth and competitive advantage in the digital marketplace.
Global Warming and Ecosystems: Impacts on Biodiversity and finding sustainable conservation Solutions.
Authors: - Shaheen Ayaiz Rather
Published: February 2025

This research paper examines the complex relationship between global warming and ecosystems, focusing on the impacts on biodiversity and exploring sustainable conservation solutions. The study analyzes current literature, presents original data, and proposes innovative approaches to mitigate the effects of climate change on ecosystems. The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive conservation strategies that integrate climate change adaptation, ecosystem-based management, and sustainable development practices. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and conservation practitioners to address the challenges posed by global warming to biodiversity and ecosystem health.
Consequences of Choosing the Wrong Career Path and How to Navigate Career Decisions
Authors: - Vriddhi Shah , - Dhriti Jain
Published: February 2025

Choosing a career is one of the most significant decisions in a person’s life, yet it is often fraught with uncertainty and external pressures. This paper explores the consequences of choosing the wrong career path and provides actionable insights for students and professionals alike. By analysing survey data, presenting case studies, and interpreting graphs, the paper addresses the factors influencing career decisions and strategies to align career choices with personal and market demands. Key questions focus on the role of confidence, doubt, external pressures, and adaptability in career decision-making.
A Comparative Psychological Analysis of ‘Mrs. Dalloway’ by Virginia Woolf & ‘The Bell Jar’ by Sylvia Plath
Authors: - Archit Bala Chaturvedi , - Lakshmi Iyengar
Published: February 2025

The psychological elements in Virginia Woolf's and Sylvia Plath's works are highly preoccupied with mental health, identity, and the pressures exerted by society, particularly on women. In both writers' plotlines, the complexity of the character's inner lives are expressed, through narrations, the significant events occurring in their lives related to mental illnesses and societal norms of that age. Much of Woolf's work is written in the Stream-Of-Consciousness style, often tempered with much of her psychological strife, forged from such personal traumas as the death of her parents and sexual abuse. This research paper delves into the psychological depths of the protagonists of the two renowned works of both the authors, ‘Mrs. Dalloway’ by Virginia Woolf and ‘The Bell Jar’ by Sylvia Plath. On one hand, ‘Mrs. Dalloway’ reveal how an intricate relationship between mental health and the female experience was depicted by Woolf and how she used her characters as alter egos to voice her feelings of terror and inadequacy. Her work is a criticism of the oppressive suffocating constraint that undermines the mental health of human beings. We observe a keen reflection of Woolf herself in her work. Similarly in ‘The Bell Jar’, Sylvia Plath has written a semi-autobiographical account, detailing her aspect of depression and bouts of identity crises. Woolf and Plath used their works of literature to discuss and describe psychological realities, hence their significant contributions to discussing mental health and women's issues in literature. Their stories do not simply enlighten us about their struggles but relate to much larger themes of trauma, identity, and a self-endeavor to know one's self which is rather important to students of psychological literature.
Memory and the Past in Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time
Authors: - Dr. Jeyalakshmi Poornalingam
Published: February 2025

Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time explores the intricate relationship between memory and the past, offering a profound reflection on time, identity, and the subjective nature of experience. Central to the narrative is the theme of involuntary memory, wherein the narrator’s recollections of childhood, love, and loss are triggered unexpectedly by sensory stimuli, such as the famous taste of the madeleine dipped in tea. Proust presents memory not as a static retrieval of facts but as a fluid and dynamic process, shaped by personal experience, perception, and the passage of time. The novel also delves into the way the past is reinterpreted, with each retelling influenced by the present, highlighting the fluidity of memory and its transformative power. Proust’s depiction of the “search for lost time” is thus a meditation on the difficulty of truly capturing and understanding the past. This search ultimately reveals the complexity of human consciousness, where the boundaries between memory, reality, and fiction blur. By intertwining memory with themes of artistic creation, Proust challenges conventional notions of truth and suggests that memory itself is a creative, interpretive act. This paper examines how Proust’s treatment of memory in In Search of Lost Time reflects the complexities of human identity and the elusive nature of the past, offering insights into the narrative structure and the philosophy of memory in literature.
Implement of an Automatic Class Attendance in All System using CNN-based Face Recognition
Authors: - NEHA JAIN
Published: February 2025

This era is a combination of modern and new technology. In this combination, many traditional problems are being solved. To solve these problems, the problems have been solved by using new technologies. Attending educational institutions has become an essential part of daily life but this work takes a lot of time, which causes a lot of trouble in the office and in such institutions, and where there are more workers, this problem increases even more and makes the person tired. Manually Biometric Present System is costly requirement for fingerprint recognition through voice and iris where as hardware support and auto present system recognition is done using face this feature is another biometric which can solve everything this time and Date also mentions which represents facial development Face Recognition and Attendance Entry Data Set Training which includes data entry with conversational technician This system can be used for daily attendance recording .It can achieve an average recognition accuracy of around 95%. The system can detect and identify faces of multiple individuals. Likes can also be recorded from the video stream, thereby avoiding human hassles and risks.
Some Results on Regular Fuzzy Graph
Authors: - S Navaneetha selvan , - S Sherly
Published: February 2025

In this paper, Regular fuzzy graph, Totally Regular fuzzy graph, Partially Regular fuzzy graph, Full Regular fuzzy graph, Edge Regular fuzzy graph, K-totally edge regular fuzzy graph, Odd degree Fuzzy graph, Even degree Fuzzy graph, Cubic Fuzzy graphs are discussed.
Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace: Legal Protection at a Glance
Authors: - Anjana Alakkal
Published: February 2025

Sexual harassment at workplace undermines the dignity, safety, and well-being of women, posing a significant challenge to creating secure professional environments. In India, the introduction of the Protection of Women from Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act, 2013, marked a crucial step toward addressing this issue. This legislation provides a structured framework to prevent harassment, establish mechanisms for redressal, and safeguard women in their workplaces. This study evaluates the Act's effectiveness, examining the prevalence of workplace harassment, its impact on women, and the adequacy of existing grievance mechanisms. It further explores the responsibilities of employers in promoting a secure work environment, the performance of internal complaint committees, and the critical role of awareness campaigns in addressing harassment. The research also delves into the social, cultural, and institutional challenges that may hinder the successful implementation of the Act. By evaluating these factors, this study seeks to propose strategies for improving policies and practices to create safer and more inclusive workplaces for women in India.
Women Traficking and the Legal Provisions in India
Authors: - Indrani Saha
Published: February 2025

Human trafficking, especially the exploitation of women, continues to be a severe violation of human rights both in India and across the globe. This issue involves deceptive and coercive practices that exploit women, often forcing them into various forms of servitude, including sexual exploitation. Although legal safeguards, such as Article 23 of the Indian Constitution, which bans trafficking, and various national laws intended to combat this issue, exist, human trafficking continues to thrive. Contributing factors include economic vulnerability, inadequate law enforcement, and entrenched social stigmas.
This paper investigates the current situation of women's trafficking in India, highlighting important laws like the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act (ITPA) and the Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act (SITA). It also examines the deficiencies in the legal framework, the cycle of exploitation that perpetuates trafficking, and the critical need for stronger and more comprehensive approaches. Through an analysis of research, judicial decisions, and legal measures, this study seeks to offer an in-depth understanding of the issue and propose effective solutions to address the trafficking of women.
Indira Awaas Yojana: Progress, Challenges and Recommendations from Naxalbari Villages of Darjeeling District
Authors: - Ratna Sarkar , - Preetisha Subba
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the impact of the Indira AwasYojana (IAY) a flagship housing scheme aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions and housing status of Below Poverty Line (BPL) families in rural India. Conducted in eight villages—Atal Tea Estate, Merry View Tea Estate, BarajharuJote, Sebdulla Jote, Bijaynagar Tea Estate, Mangal Singh Jote, Birsing, and Pramod Colony situated in the Naxalbari block of Darjeeling district, this descriptive research involved a sample size of 100 beneficiaries. Data collection encompassed structured surveys focusing on pre- and post-IAY housing conditions, grant disbursement, personal expenditures, and satisfaction levels. Findings reveal that while IAY has significantly contributed to improved housing with many beneficiaries transitioning to semi-pucca or pucca houses, challenges persist in terms of financial adequacy, construction quality, and access to basic amenities such as sanitation and durable materials. The majority of beneficiaries who are predominantly women from Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes live in unitary families with modest landholdings and limited incomes. Despite some progress, gaps remain in fulfilling the objectives of the programme particularly in the areas of sanitation, durable construction, and grant sufficiency. Suggestions include increasing grant amounts, streamlining processes, and ensuring the provision of quality construction materials to enhance the effectiveness and better address the housing needs of marginalized rural households. This study provides valuable insights into the socio-economic dynamics and challenges faced by IAY beneficiaries offering actionable recommendations for improving the implementation and impact of IAY.
Enhancing Mathematic Proficiency Through Activity-Based Learning of Class V Students: A Study in Churchandpur District, Manipur
Authors: - Naorem Ingochouba Singh , - Akoijam Pete Meitei , - Sanasam Rakesh Singh , - Thongam Binita Devi
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of activity-based learning (ABL) on the mathematical achievement of Class V students in Churchandpur District, Manipur, India. Responding to the decline in mathematics achievement observed in National Achievement Survey (NAS) data from 2017 to 2021, the research focused on two core competencies: Number System and Operations and Geometry. Employing a pretest-posttest control group design, the study involved 72 students from a government primary school, purposively selected to ensure diverse representation and over a four-week ABL intervention incorporated hands-on activities, manipulatives, and group-based learning to deepen students' understanding of mathematical concepts. Data collection included a 30-item questionnaire aligned with the NAS model to assess competencies in pre-and post-intervention. Findings revealed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.001) across both competencies, with mean Number System and Operations scores increasing from 5.46 to 7.63 and Geometry from 3.51 to 8.67. Notably, gender differences in pretest scores narrowed post-intervention, suggesting ABL's role in promoting gender-equitable learning outcomes. These results endorse ABL as an effective method for improving mathematics achievement and advocate for its integration into primary education to enhance understanding engagement and promote equitable, in-depth mathematical learning.
Agriculture Equipment's Rental System - Agri Rent
Authors: - Mr. Vaibhav Shingte , - Mr. Om Mamidwar , - Ms. Rajeshwari Nalbalwar , - Mr. Rushikesh Potdar , - Mrs. B.S.Kapre
Published: February 2025

The agricultural sector faces numerous challenges, particularly for smallholder farmers who often struggle with limited access to the tools and equipment necessary for efficient farming. The high costs associated with purchasing and maintaining modern farming machinery can be prohibitive, hindering productivity and the adoption of advanced agricultural practices. This gap in accessibility not only affects individual farmers but also impacts the broader agricultural ecosystem, contributing to lower yields, inefficiencies, and ultimately, food insecurity.
Agri Rent is a groundbreaking solution designed to address these challenges by democratizing access to agricultural tools and equipment. The platform functions as an online marketplace where farmers can rent essential farming machinery and tools on a short-term or long-term basis. By offering a flexible, cost-effective alternative to ownership, Agri Rent empowers farmers to utilize modern equipment without the financial strain of purchasing and maintaining these assets.
The platform is user-friendly, with a simple interface that allows farmers to search for, compare, and book equipment that suits their specific needs. Agri Rent connects tool owners, such as larger farms or equipment suppliers, with farmers who need access to these resources. This model fosters a collaborative economy, where resources are shared more efficiently, reducing idle time for equipment and maximizing their usage.
The platform also incorporates features that ensure the safety and reliability of transactions. Reviews, ratings, and a secure payment system build trust among users, while a robust customer support team is available to assist with any issues that arise. Agri Rent is continuously evolving, with plans to integrate advanced technologies such as IoT-based equipment tracking and AI driven recommendations to further enhance the user experience.
In conclusion, Agri Rent represents a significant step forward in the effort to modernize agriculture, particularly for smallholder farmers. By providing affordable and convenient access to essential tools and equipment.
भारतीय लोकतंत्र में मीडिया की भूमिका
Authors: - डॉ. सीमा सस्त्या
Published: February 2025

भारतीय लोकतंत्र में मीडिया या जनसंचार माध्यम किसी भी समाज या देश की वास्तविक स्थिति के प्रतिबिम्ब होते हैं| देश के सामाजिक, राजनैतिक, आर्थिक और सांस्कृतिक व्यवस्थाओ में कुछ घटना घटित होने वाली समस्याओं को मीडिया के माध्यम से लोगों तक पहुचाय जा रहा हैं| लोकतंत्रीय व्यवस्था विश्व की सभी प्रचलित शासन व्यवस्थाओं मे मीडिया सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय रही हैं| राजतंत्र, कुलीनतंत्र और तानाशाही व्यवस्था के बाद लोकतंत्र एक ऐसी शासन व्यवस्था हैं| जिसका कोई विकल्प नहीं हैं| इसी कारण विश्व के अधिकांश देशों में आज लोकतंत्रात्मक व्यवस्था अपनाई गई हैं|
सोशल मीडिया ने अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता के अधिकार को नया आयाम दिया हैं| वर्तमान समय में प्रत्येक व्यक्ति बिना किसी डर के सोशल मीडिया के माध्यम से अपने विचार रख सकता हैं| अतः मानव जीवन में व्यक्ति निजता के अधिकार का उल्लंघन किए बिना सोशल मीडिया के दुरुपयोग को रोकने के लिए सभी पक्षों के साथ विचार - विमर्श कर नए विकल्पों की खोज की जा रही हैं| ताकि भविष्य में इसके संभावित दुष्प्रभावों से बच जा सकें|
Detection and Prevention of Brute Force attacks using Machine Learning
Authors: - P Adithya Vardhan Reddy , - P Yoganandha Reddy , - S Nivetha
Published: February 2025

With the development in remote correspondence, there are numerous security dangers over the web. The interruption discovery framework (IDS) assists with tracking down the assaults on the framework and the interlopers are identified. Already different AI (ML) procedures are applied on the IDS and attempted to work on the outcomes on the discovery of intruders and to improve the IDS's accuracy. The paper has suggested method for using the principal component analysis to create effective IDS (PCA) as well as the random forest classification method Where the PCA can assist arrange the dataset by lessening the dimensionality of the dataset and the arbitrary forest will make classification easier. According to the obtained results, the proposed method performs more effectively and accurately than other methods such as Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and SVM. The outcomes acquired by proposed strategy are having the qualities for execution time (min) is 3.24 minutes, Exactness rate (%) is 96.78 %, and the Mistake rate (%) is 0.21 %.
Áreas e sítios importantes para a conservação de morcegos – AICOMs e SICOMs como estratégias para a conservação
Authors: Trajano Eleonora , Seixas Pereira da Silva Shirley
Published: February 2025

Áreas e sítios para a conservação de morcegos (AICOMs e SICOMs), certificadas pela Red Latinoamericana y del Caribe para la Conservación de los Murciélagos (RELCOM), constituem importante estratégia para a proteção de quirópteros e da fauna em geral, pois sua identificação baseia-se em um conjunto robusto de critérios faunísticos (diversidade taxonômica) e ecológicos (distribuição, endemismo, raridade, vulnerabilidade, dependência de certos tipos de abrigo, importância para o funcionamento dos ecossistemas e graus de ameaça), que podem ser igualmente aplicados a vários outros táxons. Porém, sua eficácia como estratégia de conservação depende do reconhecimento por parte das autoridades ambientais responsáveis pela elaboração e aplicação da legislação ambiental, incluindo a criação de unidades de conservação. Apresentamos aqui as seis AICOMs e as quatro SICOMs brasileiras propostas pelo Programa de Conservação de Morcegos no Brasil (PCMBrasil) e certificadas pela RELCOM até o presente. Essas áreas e sítios localizam-se em diferentes biomas brasileiros, principalmente Amazônia, Caatinga e Mata Atlântica, e estão sujeitas a diversos impactos, com destaque para a perda de habitat, perturbação ou destruição de abrigos, expansão de áreas urbanas e conflitos morcegos-humanos. Parte das AICOMs está localizada em unidades de conservação, como Parques Nacionais (PARNAs), áreas de proteção ambiental (APAs) e reservas particulares do patrimônio natural (RPPNs); enquanto as SICOMs incluem cavernas e pontes sob as quais colônias particularmente numerosas se abrigam. Concluindo, propomos que os órgãos ambientais brasileiros reconheçam a importância de estratégias como a implementação de AICOMs e SICOMs para a conservação de ecossistemas inteiros, promovendo e apoiando estudos que forneçam dados científicos para a identificação dessas áreas e utilizando-os como base para a criação de áreas protegidas.
Juridical Analysis Of Land Allocation Agreements Regarding Efforts To Take Over Land By BP Batam
Authors:   Universitas Internasional Batam, Siburian Hasoloan , Sudirman Lu ,   Universitas Internasional Batam, Syarief Elza ,   Universitas Internasional Batam
Published: February 2025

This research generally aims to determine the role of the Batam Concession Agency and the strategy of the Batam Concession Agency in managing land related to the existence of idle land. The research method used in this research is the normative juridical research method, namely a research method whose main data is obtained from statutory regulations. Based on the research results obtained and analyzed by land researchers in Batam City, it is regulated based on PERKA No. 3 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Land Allocation, Land Rights in Batam City are divided into two, namely, HGB for 30 years and can be extended for 25 years, and Right to Use for 25 years and can be extended for 20 years, both rights can be renewed according to their interests . The position of the land agreement in Batam City is a product issued by BP Batam. The land agreement is made based on the request of the beneficiary of the Right to Get the approval from the head of BP Batam. Regarding idle land in the city of Batam, it is divided into two, land that has not yet completed administration and idle land that has completed administration but has not been utilized properly
Influence of Formative Assessment Management Techniques on Trainee Academic Performance in National Examinations in TVET Institutions in Western Kenya
Authors: Wabwile Justus , Kipkenei Simon , Masibo Edwin
Published: February 2025

The study investigated the impact of formative assessment management techniques on trainee academic performance in national examinations within TVET institutions in Western Kenya. Grounded in social cognitive theory, constructivism, and the diffusion of innovation theory, it involved a target population of 406 respondents, including principals, deputy principals, registrars, examination officers, and heads of academic departments across 29 public TVET institutions in the region. Using stratified, purposive and simple random sampling procedures 200 respondents were selected. Data collection was conducted by use of questionnaires and interviews and analyzed by way of descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed strong correlations between effective management techniques and formative assessment scores, underscoring their predictive value for academic success. The study concludes that implementing structured formative assessment management techniques significantly enhances trainee performance in final examinations. It advocates for comprehensive strategies to support trainees, improve learning experiences, and achieve better academic outcomes, emphasizing the critical role of formative assessment management techniques in fostering academic excellence in TVET institutions
A brief approach to hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gunes Yilmaz
Published: February 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) are common major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. They share common pathophysiological mechanisms and are commonly co-existent. Prevalence of HT is increased among diabetic patients but also DM is more common in hypertensive patients. CVD risk increases multiplicatively in coexistence of HT and DM. Lowering blood pressure (BP) has been shown to be associated with improved morbidity related to both macro- and micro-vascular complications. Although there is debate about target BP levels, in many randomized controlled trials and guidelines a goal of < 130/80 mmHg is advocated in patients with DM, if well tolerated. However, an individualized approach should be cared for depending on risk factors, co-morbidities, and frailty of patients. Lifestyle modifications including weight loss, regular exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and a healthy diet including limitation of salt and fat and total energy intake, are important both as a part of preventive therapy and treatment modality for both DM and HT. Among antihypertensive drugs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are warranted due to their potential advantages for slowing albuminuria and progression to kidney failure which is more common in DM. Usually, their combination with calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) or thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics, in a step-wise manner, is recommended. Resistant HT is more common in DM and requires the addition of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). New antidiabetic drugs like glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been found to lower BP. Apart from their antihypertensive effects they also improve CVD and renal outcomes. There’re ongoing new trials for new agents. Development of more potent and longer-term effective BP lowering drugs, single pill multiple drug combinations of antiHT agents and combination of antiHT agents with glucose-lowering and antilipidemic agents will probably improve compliance to treatment and achievement of goals in diabetic patients.
Apzīmējumi tekstu klasifikācijas kategorijām: terminu izpratne un lietojums
Authors:   Liepājas Universitāte, Laiveniece Diāna , Helviga Anita ,   Liepājas Universitāte
Published: February 2025

The text system is a multi-layered complex characterised by both hierarchical and parallel multi-level relationships among its objects. Understanding this system and naming its different levels is quite problematic, as demonstrated by the empirical material used in the study – educational content regulatory documents (standards, curriculum samples, teaching materials, etc.). A partial content analysis of these documents was conducted based on categorisation units such as text type, text subtype, text category, and text genre, identifying their usage in a contextual comparison.
The aim of this publication is to provide an overview of the text system from the perspectives of typology and genre studies, with particular attention to the terms used to describe the diversity of text classifications – (sub)type, category, and genre.
The study concludes that the Latvian language lacks sufficiently developed terminology in the stylistic, communicative, pragmatic, typological, and genre-related aspects of text creation. This, in turn, poses a risk of linguistic interference and opens up possibilities for unnecessary borrowing, calquing, and instability in national terminology.
In educational content regulatory documents, greater precision might be achieved if distinctions were not made between text in literature, text in communication, text in science, text in rhetoric, and other areas, as the primary object and instrument of research in all these fields is language. Moreover, the terminology used overlaps so closely that it is impossible to separate the semantic components of each term into two or more distinct approaches.