bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software Development of Hydraulic Design for Pump Suction Chambers
Authors: Ma Hao Chen , Wang Kai , Zhou Xiao Hua
Published: October 2012

Based on AutoCAD 2010, Visual C++. NET 2008 and ObjectARX 2010 the hydraulic design software of pump suction chambers, called PXSS, was successfully developed. The PXSS could design all kinds of pump suction chambers. Key technologies in the development process of software PXSS were introduced. A pipeline pump suction chamber and a spiral-shaped suction chamber were designed with the PXSS software. The two examples show that the PXSS can realize the parametric drawing of the pump suction chamber and improved the efficiency of the design staffs. So, it could be applied to engineering practice.
High-Speed Hydraulic Compactor Application in the Backfilled of Bridge Platform
Authors: Wu Yan Kai , Sang Xian Song , Niu Bin
Published: October 2012

This article introduced the principle of high speed hydraulic compactor application in the backfill of bridge platform and its advantages. At the same time, the example is analyzed with the high speed hydraulic compactor treated the soil, which is backfilled in the bridge platform. The result shows that the high speed hydraulic compactor can effectively reinforce the bridge platform soil backfilled, which can reduce the settlement and the bridge platform jump after opening to traffic.
Numerical Model for Shallow Wake behind Cylinder
Authors: Li Ling , Yan Zhi Feng , Liu Zhao Wei
Published: October 2012

Shallow wake patterns are investigated by numerical method based on the solutions of two-dimensional (2D) shallow water equations and three-dimensional (3D) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the implicit scheme on collocated mesh in the FVM framework. The analysis are made on vorticity contour distribution, transverse velocity (uy) variation with time, Strouhal number (St) and time-averaged longitudinal velocity (ux) to verify the characteristics of shallow wakes behind cylinder. We compare the numerical results with Chen’s experiment very well and show the capability and difference of 2D model and 3D model in modeling shallow wake structure. The results show that the 2D model predicts the vortex street (VS) wake well, yet the 3D model is fit for the steady bubble (SB) wake. The 2D model performs more accurately when VS wake transforms to unsteady bubble (UB) wake, while the 3D model is better when UB wake transforms to SB wake.
The Float Motion Analysis in Rotameter
Authors: Zhang Cheng Li , Zeng Yun
Published: October 2012

The float motion mathematical model is established based on the theory of flow around a body in this paper, by solving the mathematic model with special method, the integrity form flow equation of rotameter is derived, and float stability and motion characteristics are analyzed.
Study on Flow Measurement of Large-Scale Low-Lift Pumping Stations with CFD Method
Authors: Cheng Bin , Yu Yong Hai
Published: October 2012

The measuring method of flow of large-scale low-lift pump, in which the differential pressure of two measuring points in inlet passage instead of the mean differential pressure of two specified section of inlet passage to calibrate the relationship between flow and differential pressure, is developed. The numerical simulation on differential pressure of two measuring points in inlet passage, which is took out earlier than the pump set test method, is carried out with the standard k- turbulence model and SIMPLEC algorithm. The comparison of the relationships fitted respectively with numerical simulation approach and pump set test shows that the calibration accuracy of two different ways is nearly same. The conclusion can be drawn that the calibration of the relationship between flow and differential pressure with CFD is feasible. The CFD-based flow measurement method, as a more simple and convenient way, can be applied in large-scale low-lift pumps.
Numerical Analysis of Sludge Pump with Recessed Centrifugal Impeller
Authors: Zhu Hong Geng , Zhang Ren Tian , Wei Li Sheng , Zhang Li Ming , Lu Ren Yong , Wang Jing Jing
Published: October 2012

The sedimentation in rural rivers of China are threatening the drinking water safety of rural population, affecting their living environment, and weakening their comprehensive agricultural productivity. In this paper the internal flow patterns of a sludge pump with three different recessed centrifugal impellers were analyzed based on CFD by using the turbulence model to close the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. On the basis of computed results their energy performances were compared that the pump with backward bent blades gets highest hydraulic efficiency and the one with forward bent blades obtains lowest hydraulic efficiency while the one with straight blades goes intermedium.
Impact of Climate Change on Kaoping River Water Quality
Authors: Yang Chou Ping , Yu Yao Ting , Kao Chih Ming
Published: October 2012

In these years, the global climate change has caused the increase in storm and drought frequency. In August 2009, Taiwan experienced its worst floods in 50 years after Typhoon Morakot struck almost the entire southern region. During the three-day event, Typhoon Morakot brought copious amounts of rainfall, peaking at 2,500 mm, which triggered severe flooding throughout the region. The Kaoping River Basin was one of the most impacted regions in southern Taiwan. A huge amount of sediments and debris flowed into the Kaoping River Basin, which caused high concentration of suspended sediment in the river causing the shut down of water treatment plants. In addition, the Kaoping River receiving significant biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and ammonia loads from hog farms and domestic wastewaters and resulted in the deterioration of water quality. The Water Quality Simulation Program (WASP)/EUTRO model was used to simulate the fate and transport of water quality pollutants and develop water quality management strategies. The developed strategies are able to effectively control the pollutants and improve the Kaoping River water quality.
A Numerical Simulations and Optimizations of the Flow Field in TengZhou Quanshang Constructed Wetland
Authors: Xu Wei Gang , Zhang Hua Yong , Wang Zhong Yu , Huang Wen Pei
Published: October 2012

The flow field of constructed wetland plays an important role in wetland stabilization and efficient operation. TengZhou Quanshang constructed wetland was taken as the research object. The RNG k-ε two-equation turbulence model equations coupling with the volume of fluid (VOF) model are introduced to simulation the vegetation cover flow. And the flow velocities of 37 measured points in wetland were measured by using the ADV instrument. Then the simulation velocity was compared with the field measured velocity. The results are shown to be satisfactory, and basically meet the large-scale flow analysis requirements. The problems of flow field distribution on the initial state was analyzed and optimized. The uniformity of velocity in wetland increased, and water mobility improved after optimization. Our results provide guidance for the 2D water quality simulation, pollutants migration and combination of plant purification effect in natural and constructed wetland.
Analysis on Sediment Environment and Waterway Siltation Characteristics of Panjin Port
Authors: Feng Xiao Xiang , Zhang Ming , Liu Zhe
Published: October 2012

Sediment environment forms nature of the coast, and determines siltation characteristics of port and waterway. Based on definition for existing coast type, sediment environment of Panjin Port is studied by deposit characteristics, sediment concentration distribution, deposit from the tested pit and other aspects. The results show that, the Panjin Port is silty-sand coast. The beach had been stable and shallow beach is the main source of sediments. Although there has the possibility of sudden sedimentation from Geligangzi beach to 10m bathymetric line, siltation materials in the waterway is diggable.
Identifying the Dominant Discharge Based on Coefficient Frequency of Discharge and Sediment in the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Wang Peng Tao , Tian Shi Min , Sun Dong Po
Published: October 2012

On the basis of analyzing and evaluating the determining methods of dominant discharge, a drawback is pointed about four common methods. A new method to determine the dominant discharge is presented in this paper, which is appropriate to the Lower Yellow River. According to comparison, the coefficient frequency of discharge and sediment is more applicability and rationality, which provides the reasonable technique parameters for the river management of the Lower Yellow River.
Study on the Formula of Settling Velocity of Sediment Particle Cloud in the Water
Authors: Gu Jie , Ma Dan Qing , Chen Wei , Qin Xin , Wang Xiao Li
Published: October 2012

Based on the experimental data of sediment particle cloud during the settlement process in the water and combined with the existed sediment settling velocity formulae, a new formula for calculation of the settling velocity of sediment particle cloud is proposed by the introduction of the characteristic particle size of sediment particle cloud ( D' ). By using experimentally measured settling velocity values of sediment particle cloud to verify the settling velocity values of sediment particle cloud which calculated by using this new formula, the results show that the calculated settling velocity values using this new formula are closer to the experimental values.
Research on the Influence in Complex River Network Area for Waterway Regulation
Authors: Chai Xiao Ling , Zhang Li Ming , Yu Qi Hui , He Shan , Yao Wei
Published: October 2012

In order to study the influence of the navigation improvement project in the Qingyi River, on flood control of the complex river network, the water level variation of the key control stations in Shuiyang, Qingyi and Zhanghe river basins, flood diversion variation of middle reach of Shuiyang stem and flow pattern in the flow field before and after construction of the project using Mike11 model, under the conditions of designed flood and excessive standard flood. The results show that after construction of the project,the water levels at the control stations are decreasing or constant and the flood diversion of middle reach of Shuiyang stem decreases. So the project is beneficial to the flood control of the basins.
Discussion on Moisture Migration and Law of Frost Heave of Seasonal Frozen Soil in Hetao Irrigation Area, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Wang Ying Hao , Li Shuo
Published: October 2012

Hetao irrigation area in Inner Mongolia is one of the four major irrigation areas in China, seasonal frozen soil is widely distributed in this area. Irrigation channel engineering experiences seriously freeze-thaw cycle many times in the long winter, its maintenance is the important and difficult point all long in irrigation channel engineering of Hetao irrigation area. For this, we analyze the moisture migration and law of frost heave characteristics of seasonal frozen soil in Hetao irrigation area.
Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Amount on the Transport of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Small Agricultural Watershed
Authors: Chen Cheng , Yu Zhong Bo , Xiang Long , He Jia Ji , Fu Xiao Lei
Published: October 2012

Precipitation-runoff partitioning of small basins plays an important role in the non-point pollution study. This study analyzes the contribution of precipitation and rainfall intensity in a basin scale to pollutants(e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus) migration by monitoring rainfall and runoff responses in Meilin watershed. According to the field data, the concentration of nitrogen keeps an increasing trend with the increase of rainfall amount, while phosphorus seems not so evident. Intense rainfall has a fierce scouring effect on the pollutants which have a large using amount such as total nitrogen in the steep experimental field, thus leading to a sudden decrease of pollutant concentration. After the intensity is weakened, pollutant concentration gradually goes up due to the dissolving effect of runoff.
Numerical Modeling of Plane Two-Dimensional Flow-Sediment Movement in Inland and Heavy Sediment-Carrying Rivers
Authors: Mu Zhen Wei , Zhao Tao
Published: October 2012

The mathematical model of plane two-dimensional flow-sediment in continental sediment-laden river is established in this paper. The two-dimensional model equation is discreted with finite element method and coefficient matrix of ordinary differential equation is approximately dealt with mass-concentration principle, then solve the set of ordinary differential equations with the difference scheme which is first prediction, then correctness and iteration, the stability of this calculation process is better and the efficiency of calculation is comparatively high. The two-dimensional model is applied in numerical modeling of the flow-sediment movement of Yerqiang river middle courses, compared the numerical results with the measured data, which indicates that the numerical results are in good agreement with the measured data, which also prove the reliability and adaptability of the model and calculated method.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Soil Moisture under Different Agroforestry Landscape in Jinghe River
Authors: Wang Qi Rui , Gao Jun
Published: October 2012

Measured the cover soil water content in soil layer 0~30cm of different agroforestry landscape types in Jinghe river with TDR, the landscape types including sloping cropland, apple orchard, apple-clover system, land under forest and grass changed from grain crop and black locust forest. Analyze the distribution characteristic and spatiotemporal variability of the cover soil water. The result showed that the soil water has renewed in a certain extent after a rain period in 1.5 m soil profile; the soil water content is gradually increased from the top of to the bottom of the slope under the affection of the slope location and plant category. The theory model of semivariogram for cover soil water content before rain season and after season, the value of nugget is changed no obviously , and they are 0.25 and 0.30; ranges is 99.7 m and 87.6 m. And the results indicated that soil moisture exhibited high fractal dimensions and clear spatial autocorrelation. The fractal dimensions are 1.71 and 1.74, variogram is main autocorrelation. During rain season the theory semivariogram model is linear, the spatiotemporal variability of soil water content becomes higher with the increase in distance, and its fractal dimension is 1.40.
Pre-Treatment of Karst Groundwater Recharge with Roofwater System
Authors: Wang Wei Ping , Zhou Ya Qun , Deng Hai Yan
Published: October 2012

Urban roofwater harvesting and reuse plays a more and more important role in alleviating the pressure of urban flood control and water shortage. Roofwater was injected into aquifers after initial removal and pre-treatment to add groundwater supply, this methodology was tested in the roof of NO.1 teaching building on the west campus of University of Jinan, where the recharge system was designed and the device of initial rainwater removal was developed. The identification of rainfall intensity and hydraulic calculation of recharge system were carried out. In view of the characteristics of roofwater pollutants, the media, particular size, thickness and rate of filter material were determined by laboratory tests. It is an auto-recharge and gravity-driven system, which was proved to be feasible by the recharge test at the end of flood seasons in 2011.
High-Resolution Integrated Detection of Underwater Topography and Geomorphology Based on Multibeam Interferometric Echo Sounder
Authors: Li Hai Sen , Xu Chao , Zhou Tian
Published: October 2012

During the construction of hydraulic engineering, it usually needs high-resolution and integrated investigation of underwater topography and geomorphology, and shape and position of underwater construction or obstacle. Based on the multibeam interferometric echo sounder, this paper analyzes high-resolution bathymetric topography method of multibeam interferometric principle, and applies the time of arrival (TOA) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimated by interferometric technology to achieve bottom backscatter geomorphology imaging. This method obtains high-resolution bottom backscatter imagery, and its space position realizes the one-to-one with bathymetric data, which makes bathymetric and backscatter imaging data merged accurately in integrated detection of topography and geomorphology. Moreover, the processing results of experiment data from Qingjiang River, in Hubei province of China, show the validity of the method.
Experimental Study of Sand Sediments Effects on Submerged Hydraulic Jump Properties
Authors: Haghighi Siavash , Kavianpour Mohammad Reza , Nasiri Keyvan
Published: October 2012

Abstract. In this study, the effect of sediment concentration on submerged hydraulic jump (SHJ) characteristics such as jump length, submerged depth on the gate and the energy dissipation is investigated. Experiments were carried out in a flume of 46 cm depth, 12 m length. The width of the flume changes from 10 cm (at the entrance) to 60 cm (at the exit). Sediment load and flow concentration have an influence on submerged hydraulic jump characteristics including submerged depth on the gate, jump length and relative energy dissipation. It is shown that at high Froude numbers increasing the suspended sediment concentration to 28.7 gr/l leads to a reduction in the submerged depth on the gate up to 6% and jump length up to 10%. Also, the energy dissipation of the submerged hydraulic jump increases by 4% and turbulence resulting from the jump leads to upright distribution of concentration at the end of the jump. Also in concentrations higher than 30 gr/l, flow is not able to carry the whole sediments and subsequently leads to their deposition in subcritical area and behind the sluice gate.
Study and Application of Tidal River Flow-Sediment Mathematical Model
Authors: Chen Hong
Published: October 2012

In this paper, a 2-D tidal river flow-sediment mathematical model is established by irregular triangular element calculation mesh and finite element numerical method. And verification is done through the comparison of measured value and the calculated. The result shows good agreement is obtained.
Changes of Snow Characteristics During Snowmelt Period and Analysis of Influential Factors - Taking the Juntanghu Watershed in XinJiang as an Example
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Zhi Hui , Zhao Qiu Dong
Published: October 2012

Take observational data of March 2011 of study area to analyze changes of snow characteristics during snowmelt period (SP), such as snow grain size (SGS), snow water content (SWC) and snow density (SDS), and to analyze the influential factors. The results show that: SGS decreased during SP, and increased from snow surface layer (SL) to snow bottom layer (BL). That related to the snow depth (SD) and snow temperature (ST). SWC has a sudden increase in late SP. It decreased from snow BL to SL during early and late SP. It has a big daily variation in SL and snow middle layer (ML). It changes hours later than the atmospheric temperature (AT). That related to SD, ST and daily AT. SDS value in SL is the biggest during early SP. It has acute change in SL and a big daily variation in BL .That related to snow age (SA).
Estimation of Suitable Groundwater Safe Yield under the Unusually Constraints of Environmental Conditions in Taipei Basin, Taiwan
Authors: Lee C.H. , Chen Kuan Wei , Chang Jung Nan , Chen Wei Ping , Chen Jung Wei
Published: October 2012

The Taipei Basin in Taiwan is an extremely special case under the constraints of environmental conditions. Pumping of groundwater in the basin was banned in 1968 due to the land subsidence. Since then, groundwater level in the Taipei basin has risen over the years and the land subsidence has also stopped. However, due to the continuous rise of groundwater level, the soil liquefaction potential of saturated sand soil strata has increased. Thus, the groundwater in Taipei basin should be controlled based on the suitable groundwater level to reduce the possibility of land subsidence or soil liquefaction. This study proposes a novel performance of groundwater management model, which considers the three aspects of safe yield, soil liquefaction, and land subsidence. In this process, a three-dimensional groundwater numerical model is primarily established with MODFLOW, and the safe yield and groundwater level are deduced through the Hill method. The second part requires an estimation of the soil liquefaction potential by applying the Seed97 method. The third part of the process includes an estimation of the subsidence of sand by adopting the Ishihara method and the subsidence of clay blanket through the Terazaghi method. Finally, combine the limited groundwater level through the application of the said methods, the proper scope for the level of groundwater in the Taipei Basin is then estimated. Hence, the maximum amount of groundwater that can be pumped could be estimated based on the suitable lower limit of groundwater level, and the minimum amount of groundwater that can be pumped could be estimated based on the suitable upper limit of groundwater level. The study result indicates the central region in the basin has a high potential of soil liquefaction, while the periphery of the basin has a high potential for land subsidence. In consideration of three environmental limited constraints, namely, safe yield of groundwater, soil liquefaction, and land subsidence, could estimate the maximum groundwater amount that can be generated per annum is about 0.77x109m3 to 1.03x109m3, while the minimum groundwater amount per annum is about 0.53x 109m3 to 0.71x109m3.
Study on Water Level Prediction in the Ganjiang Valley
Authors: Cao Yan Hua , Ye Xiao Feng , Lv Guang Hong
Published: October 2012

This paper was based on the Ganjiang Valley ‘s 50a rainfall data (1959～2010) and the WRF numerical weather prediction model rainfall to establish a new mathematical model for water level prediction in the valley through the excellent performance technique - Muskingum model parameters optimal estimation, which realized the quantification of water level forecast. In the last of this paper the rainfall data in April 2012 of this valley was used to test the new model and the experimental results show the error between the model and the observed data is varied in -15cm to 15cm, it is very small.
Geotextile Recharge Well with Filter Layer
Authors: Li Ying Te , Li Wang Lin
Published: October 2012

Recharge well with filter layer is a sort of valid recharge facility in groundwater reservoirs, which is constituted by recharge well and recharge pool. The main problems of existing recharge well with filter layer are analyzed in this paper; the main reason of these problems is concluded as the defective design of the wellhead structure; the optimal outer design method of recharge pool is studied. In order to increase single-well recharge volume, improve anti-silt and anti-rush capability of recharge well and save sand-gravel materials, geotextile material and hard wall material are adopted; a new sort of geotextile recharge well with filter layer is developed. The theoretical formula of single-well recharge volume is deduced.
Optimal Reservoir Operation Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Tian Jiao , Xie Jian Cang , Xing Xiao Hong
Published: October 2012

In order to solve the problems of prematurity of particle swarm optimization algorithm and local optimization, a novel particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the organizational evolutionary (OE-PSO) is presented. The evolutional operations are acted on organizations directly in the algorithm, and gained the global convergence ends through competition and cooperation, and overcome the shortcomings of the traditional PSO. Based on analysis of the reservoir operation optimization model and the traits of OE-PSO, the mathematical model and the procedures for solving the optimized reservoir operation optimization by using OE-PSO were proposed in detail. A case study indicates that OE-PSO has better convergence speed and computational accuracy, whereby providing a novel effective method or way for the settlement of the problem of reservoir optimal operation.
The Fuzzy Irrigation Control System Based on PC and C8051F
Authors: Wang Yong Tao , Zhang He Xi , Yang Jing , Liu Liu
Published: October 2012

We designed a kind of irrigation control system based on PC and C8051F by ourselves, which was finished by implanting C8051F microcontroller in MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox to design fuzzy control program and the fuzzy control results were simulated by SIMULINK，PC was planted in WINCE6.0 embedded operation platform, and used C# to develop software, it has the functions of observation and operating database, etc. The system achieved the purpose of fuzzy controlling by using microcontroller technology and embedded technology.
Study for Modeling and Solving Method of Water Resources Optimizing Allocation under Considering Uncertainties
Authors: Dong Wen Sheng , Wang Hui
Published: October 2012

Optimal allocation problem of water resources has some features that principal and subordinate hierarchical, multi-objective, multi-stage, risk decision-making, etc. Aimed to these characteristics, this paper constructs multiple objective risk decision model under principal and subordinate hierarchical risk decision-making, and by integrating a variety of optimization algorithms for solving idea ( such as fuzzy stochastic simulating technique, multi-objective satisfactory degree computation, principal and subordinate hierarchical game, and evolutionary game solving technology based on particle swarm algorithm), established an algorithm system of possessing logical relations. The result is convincible after a case study.
Dynamic Change of Water Storage under Anti-Drought Measures on Red Soil Slope Farmland
Authors: Huang Rong Zhen
Published: October 2012

Seasonal drought and soil erosion happened alternately on red soil slope farmland, which severely restricted its full productivity. This project took down-slope tillage as a control and different soil reservoir construction measures’ slopes as subjects, studying their soil reservoir storage function and dynamic change of water storage, in order to study the mechanism of water-retaining and regulating capability in different soil reservoir construction measures’ slopes. The results show that the max. and min. volume of water storage in pits Ⅰ, pits Ⅱ, pin hole Ⅰand pin hole Ⅱare 19.67%, 32.14%, 17.61%, 17.17% and 14.06%, 16.46%, 10.20%, 11.82% higher than the control respectively. Monthly changes of water storage in different soil layers of the control were more than those in construction measures’ slopes farmland, which were minimal in pit Ⅱ, Water storage increased first and then decressed with the increase of soil depth, but the changes of water storage at 0～40 cm layer were more greater than that at 80～100 cm layer in all the slope farmlands, which provided stronger water regulating capability.
Application of a Hybrid Process Combining Ozone-Coagulation-Microfiltration for Drinking Water Production
Authors: Song Ya Li , Dong Bing Zhi , Gao Nai Yun , Yang Yu Fang , Chang Chun
Published: October 2012

The study concerns on drinking water treatment with combining ozonation process, coagulation and Microfiltration (MF) of Poly-vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) in a dead-end filtration. The pilot-scale process consists of several parts: pre-ozonation, coagulation, sedimentation and microfiltration membrane separation. Ozone of 0.5mg/l and alum of 10 mg/l were added into raw water. The experience focuses on investigation of permeate water quality and variation of trans-membrane pressure (TMP). The results of the study showed that good permeate quality were fulfilled. Turbidity of permeate was consistently below 0.1 NTU. The MF membrane removed iron perfectly, which was below 0.3 mg/l. The reduction of manganese and CODMn met the China Drinking Water Regulations. Additionally, TMP was stable during filtration for a long time and ozone could delay membrane fouling. Chemical cleaning of membrane could decrease TMP to initial level, and chemical analysis for chemical cleaning solution shown that organic matters and manganese caused membrane fouling.
Analysis of Water Resources Supply and Demand Balance of Rural Land Remediation Project Area in Fuyu County, Jilin Province
Authors: Xu Xiao Ling , Liang Xu Feng , Liang Xiu Juan , Xiao Chang Lai
Published: October 2012

Water resources are an important influence factor of land remediation. As support of food production, analysis of soil and water resources supply and demand balance is an important part and technical support of the construction. According to some relevant calculation formulas on water resources assessment, after forecast of water demand and the calculation of water supply, in the project area of the demonstration construction of whole rural land remediation in Fuyu County, the average water availability for many years is 70581.6 thousand m3 each year, including surface water availability 57003.3 thousand m3 and groundwater availability 13578.3 thousand m3. Water demand is 58806.2 thousand m3 in 2015; including water demand for life 5150.9 thousand m3 and water demand for agricultural irrigation 53655.3 thousand m3. Water supply is more than water demand; the basic supply-demand balance can be achieved in conditions of the design of water supply project.
Finding Best Locations for Rainwater Drainage Lines Using DTM, GIS, and Greedy Heuristic
Authors: Hassabo Adil I.
Published: October 2012

In this paper, a new semi- automatic method for finding best locations for rain-water drainage lines is developed. The developed method is based on a heuristic greedy algorithm and relies on a digital terrain model (DTM) that can be generated from digitized contour lines or from new remote sensing technologies, such as the airborne laser scanning LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems. The developed algorithm in this paper uses heuristics and a neighborhood search to find the best locations for rain-water drainage lines between two defined points by minimizing the objective function value by considering a set of constraints, including constrained elevation values and downward slope. The developed algorithm is implemented in a computerized model named (CPline_Route) developed in Microsoft Windows Visual C++6 and was equipped with Graphical User Interface (GUI) to friendly enable users enter their desired parameters and specify an approximate initial line interactively. The performance of the developed computerized tool was tested by restricting a search around a contour line with constrained elevation values, and the result obtained demonstrated that the developed algorithm is effective. It noteworthy that optimal solution cannot be guarantee using greedy heuristic developed in this study. It can be concluded that the developed method is feasible for planning new rain-water drainage lines for new residential areas in developing countries where heavy rains are frequent, and potentially to be useful for planning new pipelines.
Research on Influencing Factors of Drainage Performance in Engineering
Authors: Sun Xu Shu , Li Jian Lin , Xu Xiao Liang , Li Jian Rrong , Liu Fei
Published: October 2012

In order to control the seepage and eliminate the adverse effects, influencing factors of drainage in engineering are discussed in this paper. The drainage holes are simulated by rod element to study the influence of drainage performance on angle and length. Compared the drainage performance of drainage galleries in different location, the optimal assembly is obtained. Meanwhile, drainage performance is analyzed by different permeability coefficient and anisotropy of rock and soil mass. The results show that: (1) Drainage flow of small angle and short drainage hole is close to big angle and long one, the small angle flows more than the big angle when increasing the same length. (2) Shallow drainage galleries can significantly drop the free surface and the deep one can greatly decrease the pore water pressure. Drainage galleries built at the upstream side and bottom, as the optimum assembly, can enormously change the seepage field. (3) For anisotropy materials, the horizontal drainage performance is better than vertical when Ky/Kx decreases. On the contrary, vertical is superior to the horizontal. Increasing vertical permeability coefficient is benefit to drainage.
Quality Monitoring and Property Analysis of Urban Initial Rainwater
Authors: Wang Yan Hong , Wen Yun , Liu Luan
Published: October 2012

Pollutants of urban rainwater runoff on water environment as well as the influencing factors are reviewed. By comparing with combined sewer overflows (CSOs), the paper thinks that urban rainwater runoff pollution control is necessary. Four months road runoff and Combined Sewer Overflows quality monitoring was carried in Luoyang, where indices included suspended solids(SS)，chemical oxygen demand(CODcr), dissolved chemical oxygen demand, Ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) and total phosphorus(TP).The results showed that the concentrations of pollutants of Combined Sewer Overflows(CSOs)were higher than that of street runoff. Concentrations of pollutants in initial flush were very high, but they descended gradually and approached to the stabilization after a period of flushing. The main pollutants were SS, CODcr and NH3-N. By analyzing the correlation between SS and CODcr, and contrasting the content between total CODcr and dissolved CODcr, it inferred that SS was the main contribution to CODcr. The initial split-flow is suggested to handle the heavily polluted runoff.
The Capability Analysis of Flood Discharge in Ningmeng of Yellow River
Authors: Jing Xin Ai , Lin Xiu Zhi , Hou Su Zhen , Liu Gen Li
Published: October 2012

the amount of water and sediment reduce obviously in Ning Meng reach because of the influence of the regulation of Long-Liu reservoir in upper of Yellow River、rainfall and production and living use water, especially the time reduce of large flows and the growth of small flow duration time, resulting main channel siltation and atrophy severe in the Inner Mongolia Reach, lower bankfull discharge, the main channel flooding capacity decreased when the great flood of water level rise, resulting in the increase of the river's ice flood control pressure. The study will provide technical support for flood control decision-making.
Multi-Objective Decision Model of Reservoir Flood Control Operation
Authors: Xing Xiao Hong , Luo Jun Gang , Xie Jian Cang
Published: October 2012

To reservoir flood control operation of the multi-objective decision making. The proposed reservoir flood control operation. Then, according to the model, the weight of goals with realistic and easy to program have been obtained by iterative calculation. According to the weight goal has been to meet the goal of accuracy the value of integrated decision-making and fuzzy partition, and according to the results determined the type of the decision-making and an order. The example shows that the multi-objective decision making model may use in the reservoir the flood prevention dispatch practice.
Analysis of Inflow Design Flood for Liujiaxia Reservoir under Dynamic Operation of Flood Limited Water Level for Ten-Day Period
Authors: Li Ji Qing , Shen Di , Wang Ai Jing , Zhang Yu Shan
Published: October 2012

the layout and the characteristics of the cascade reservoirs and hydropower stations in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, determine that cascade hydropower stations scheduling must be operated based on the joint operation between Longyangxia and Liujiaxia cascade hydropower stations, especially on flood control operation. This paper deeply analyzes design flood storage area of the Liujiaxia composition and Longyangxia-Liujiaxia joint flood regulating principle on the basis of analyzing and calculating each ten-day design flood of the Tangnaihai above main stream and the intervals. Therefore, the reasonable combination of interval flood and the process of Longyangxia reservoir flood discharge is confirmed, and thereby, studying Liujiaxia reservoir inflowing design flood under a controlling operation of flood limited water level for a period of ten-day to ensure the safety of Liujiaxia reservoir flood control.
The Evaluation of Drought Degree in Irrigation District Based on Variable Fuzzy Evaluation Method
Authors: Liu Dan , Wang Ben De
Published: October 2012

In view of the disadvantages of drought evaluation methods in irrigation district, the variable fuzzy sets theory has been adopted in this paper to establish the variable fuzzy sets drought evaluation method in irrigation district. At the same time, the improved entropy method has been employed to determine the objective weights and the minimum discrimination information principle has been used to combine the subjective weights with the objective weights, which have eliminated the one-sidedness of the application of a single weighting preferred program.
Study on Causes and Preventive Measures for Flood Damage of Highway Subgrade along Rivers
Authors: Ma Bao Cheng , Tian Wei Ping , Li Jia Chun
Published: October 2012

During rainy seasons, flood damage occurs easily to the riverside highway subgrade in mountainous areas, threatening the driving safety. Therefore, to master the environmental characteristics and the disaster-causing patterns is of great significance for the radical treatment of flood damage. On the basis of theoretical analysis and field survey, this work, taking Qinling-Bashan (hereinafter referred to as Qin-Ba) Mountainous Area in Southern Shaanxi Province for example, mainly deals with the types and the causes of the flood damage of riverside highway subgrade and hence the corresponding prevention measures against it, which may provide a basis for the design of riverside highway and also the prevention of flood damage in rainy season.
Numerical Simulation of Flooding Effects on Estuarial Reach after Pier’s Construction
Authors: Sun Dong Po , Zhang Li Da , Zhang Xiao Lei , Wang Peng Tao
Published: October 2012

Recent years, there were many piers constructed in tail reach of Yongjiang River. This made river channel in estuarial reach shrank gradually, which in turn influenced the shipping ability of estuarial area. Taking Qingshuipu pier that would be constructed in the left bank of Yongjiang river estuarial reach as an example, a numerical simulation have been done, and resistance parameter had been proved reasonably by author. The flow pattern, backwater height and channel scour-fill intensity near the pier trestle have been studied in different kinds of flood and tidal stencils. In engineering project, the trestle prevents flood from diffusing by dipping into the river. Meanwhile, backwater and deposition occur in the bank, which have impact on flow capacity. If the siltation in the area accumulates, then, point bar could not be scoured adequately in great flood period, which will force mainstream to move towards right bank. Based on the backwater and local scouring and silting situation near the pier trestle, the author puts forward a revised proposal and gains a preferable result. So, reasonable pier arrangement is the important condition for keeping steady and healthy to the tail reach of tidal river.
Collapse Evolvement Analysis of Upstream Tailings Dam in Flood Situation
Authors: Jing Xiao Fei , Zhang Wei Zhong , Chen Yu Long , Cai Zhi Yong
Published: October 2012

Very large volume of mined ore materials are processed annually to obtain the various types of minerals that are essential to industrial processes, the upstream tailings dam is usually constructed to store these wastes. But with the increasing of dam quantities, the tailings dam collapsing in flood which are among the most dangerous hazards that affect mountainous and rural areas in a wide range of environments become more and more. Therefore it’s necessary to analyze the collapse mode of upstream tailings dam in flood situation. This paper using the physical model experiment and numerical simulation methods to research on the displacement, saturation line, stress and the broken processes, and the collapse mode of upstream tailings dam in flood water encountered in 100 years are explored. The results have very important significance and scientific support to understand the mechanism of collapse and broken mode deeply, and which have any new exploration for the prevention and control in flood hazard.
Experimental Study on Flood Control during Construction for Jinping II Hydropower Station
Authors: Zhao Chun Ju , Zhou Yi Hong , Guo Hong Min
Published: October 2012

Jingping II hydropower project is a diversion type hydropower station with low dam, long tunnel and large capacity. Cofferdams are set to retain water flow which will be diverted through a single tunnel during dry seasons, yet be designed to allow controlled flooding during flood seasons. A physical model is built to study the hydraulic features during flooding process. Then the velocity distribution at critical positions over the overtopped earth-rock cofferdams is tested under design flux and other working conditions, as well as other hydraulic parameters such as press distribution over cofferdam slopes. Moreover, the flow regime over cofferdams is observed, and then the section forms of cofferdams are optimized to ensure the safely passing of flood during construction.
The Baffle Blocks Effects of Pressure Characteristics on USBR III Basin Floor
Authors: Nasiri Keyvan , Kavianpour Mohammad Reza , Haghighi Siavash
Published: October 2012

The principle of energy dissipation in stilling basin is based on hydraulic jump formation. Due to the inherent fluctuating characteristic of the hydraulic jump, basin floor is subjected to variations of pressure, resulting in unstableness due to uplift forces. To increase the efficiency of the stilling basins and improve the energy dissipation rate, one or two rows of baffle blocks are applied on the basin floor. Causing a forced hydraulic jump, tension and compression forces are exerted by pressure fluctuations of rotating roller zone of hydraulic jump. In this investigation, to observe the impacts of baffle blocks on pressure fluctuations on basin floor, a standard USBR basin model type III was constructed, and then a second row of blocks was added to the basin. A set of pressure tubes was fixed along the axis of the basin to measure the static and dynamic pressures on basin floor. The results were expressed in dimensionless parameters including C-p, C+p, C’p, Cp. Also, power spectra of pressure fluctuations were calculated. The results show a decreasing trend in root mean square of pressure fluctuations as distancing from toe of jump along the basin with and without baffle blocks. Also, mean pressure increases when water jet strokes the basin then decreases under roller zone of jump and increases again after sequent depth. The spectral analysis indicates that the dominant frequency is between 10 rad/s and 35 rad/s and pressure fluctuations have low frequency characteristics.
Comparative Analysis of Water Reduction Benefits between Terrace and Slope Land in Southern Area of Ningxia: Taking Haoshuichuan Watershed as an Example
Authors: Li Juan , Zhang Wei Jiang , Zhang Ju Ping
Published: October 2012

Using Haoshuichuan watershed as an example, the infiltration deep of rainfall was analyzed, the comparison analysis of the water reduction between terrace and slope land were worked out through the results of penetration test and soil moisture. The result shows that the ratios of store water in soil to rainfall are 0.81 in terrace and 0.72 in slope land.
A Discussion on the Differences between Arch Dam Design Standards of the United States, China and Vietnam
Authors: Vu Hoang Hung , Li Tong Chun , Nguyen Quang Hung
Published: October 2012

In arch dam design, every country has it own technical design standard. In Vietnam, the standard is far lessconprehensive compared with those of the United States and China. This research focus on analysis of the differences between three above standard systems, in order to give some suggestions to improve the Vietnamese standard for arch dam. Differnces in stability and strength analysis under static and seismic conditions is discussed in depth. A case study of Namchien arch dam in Vietnam, which has being constructed in Vietnam, is presented. The results show that if arch dam design based on the Vietnamese standard, stability and strength analysis should be paid more attention on the discussed differences. The research aims atcontributing constructive suggestions concerning to existing Vietnamese standard and providing some technical specifications for designer in arch dam design.
Research on Influence of Valley Width on the Acceleration Distribution of the Central Points of Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam
Authors: Zhou Hui , Hu Ping
Published: October 2012

3-D dynamical response analysis of concrete-faced rockfill dam is presented. Using equivalent-linear model, based on different dam heights and different shapes of river valley, the responses of dam subjected to different seismic intensity inputs have been studied. Especially the systematic analysis about the influence of the valley width on the distribution of the acceleration at the central points the bank slope is conducted. The results show that, the distribution of the horizontal acceleration along the dam heights at the central points on the central section of concrete-faced rockfill dam performs that the acceleration magnification which increases remarkably over 0.8H is a little smaller during 0~0.8H. For high concrete-faced rockfill dam, with the base acceleration excitations unchanged and the bank slope becoming steep (a gradient of 0.4), the valley width has a great impact on the magnification of the horizontal acceleration. The narrower the river valley is, the bigger the acceleration magnification is. With the slowing of the valley slope, the distribution of the acceleration magnification remains unchanged but the maximum reduces a little.
Effects of Mineral Admixtures on Carbonation and Chloride Ingress of Concrete
Authors: Haibier Abuduhelili , Wu Yong Xin
Published: October 2012

Reinforcement corrosion is one important factor affecting the durability and safety of reinforced concrete structures. Concrete carbonation and chloride ion penetration is the main cause leading to steel corrosion, also important indicators affecting the service life of concrete structures. An accelerated carbonation experiment and Chloride penetration experiment was carried out on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete and admixture concrete in various conditions. Eight concrete specimens of different mixture properties were tested in experiment. Resistance of OPC concrete system with and without mineral admixture (fly ash, slag) and air-entraining agent against carbonation was investigated. Besides, the influence of mineral admixture on the chloride penetration was also studied. The carbonation process and the factors affecting concrete carbonation are discussed according to test results. The test results were presented and they were in good agreement with the results of previous research.