bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms underpinning the usage of e-government services by businesses: A proposal based on previous empirical research
Authors: Correa Ospina Martha Liliana , Saxena Deepak , Díaz Pinzón Beatriz Helena
Published: December 2021

For many years, the public sector has been undergoing digital transformation. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have offered new ways of interaction between governments and their constituents. However, governments face different challenges to migrate users towards digital channels and electronic documents, which are believed to be more cost-efficient for all stakeholders. Despite a plethora of empirical research conducted towards the identification of factors that influence e-government services usage by businesses, there seems to be a lack of 'holistic' understanding in the absence of systematic literature reviews. This paper aims to contribute by hypothesizing a set of mechanisms based on a critical realist process of retroduction. We argue that the factors identified in previous research are a manifestation of mechanisms. Such mechanisms might explain businesses’ usage of ICT when interacting with governments, whether in the context of incidental situations or regular administrative tasks (through online self-service applications) or regular exchange of information (through inter-organizational e-services).
Principal-agent Relationships: A Note on Biomass Depletion
Authors: Dragicevic Arnaud Z. , Garcia Serge
Published: December 2021

Public authorities frequently mandate public or private agencies to manage their renewable natural resources. Contrary to the agency, which is an expert in renewable natural resource management, public authorities usually ignore the sustainable level of harvest. In this note, we first model the contractual relationship between a principal, who owns the renewable natural resource, and an agent, who holds private information on its sustainable level of harvest. We then look for the Pareto-optimal allocations. In the situation of an imperfect information setting, we find that the Pareto-optimal contracting depends on the probability that the harvesting level stands outside the sustainability interval. The information rent held by the agent turns out to be unavoidable, such that stepping outside the sustainability interval implies the possibility of depletion of the renewable natural resource. This, in turn, compromises the maintenance of the ecological balance in natural ecosystems.
NASLARA ZÂHİRÎ YAKLAŞIMIN FÜRÛ-İ FIKHA ETKİSİ: YOLCULUKTA ORUÇ TUTMANIN HÜKMÜ
Authors: KAYAPINAR Hasan
Published: December 2021

İslam dini mükelleflere ramazan ayında oruç tutmayı farz kılmıştır. Ancak bazı hallerde bu farziyet esnetilmiş, ramazan orucunun daha sonraki zamanlarda tutulabileceği kabul edilmiştir. İslam dini sadece oruç konusunda değil hemen hemen her konuda zaruretin bulunduğu durumlarda kolaylığı meşru kabul etmiş, mükelleflerden önceki yükümlüğü kaldırmıştır. Kur’an-ı Kerim’de orucun farz olduğunu bildiren âyetlerin hemen akabinde hasta ve yolcunun oruçla mükellef olmadığı bildirilmiştir. Ancak bu âyetlerin anlamı hakkında bazı ihtilâflar söz konusudur. Bazı sahâbîler ve Zâhirî mezhebi bilginleri hasta ve yolcunun ramazan orucunu tutamayacağını, bu günlerdeki orucu mutlaka başka günlerde tutmak zorunda olduklarını kabul etmişlerdir. Bu görüş sahipleri söz konusu ayetlerin zorunluluk bildirdiğini ileri sürdüler. Buna göre bu ayetler hasta ve yolcuya farz olan orucun ramazan orucu değil, ramazan ayından sonraki zamanlarda tutulacak olan oruç olduğunu bildirmektedir. Bu konuda ilgili âyetin yanında Hz. Peygamber’den (s.a.s.) aktarılan bazı hadislerle de istidlâl etmişlerdir. Nitekim Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) bazı yolculuklarında oruç tutmamıştır. Ancak bazı yolculuklarında da oruca niyet ettiği halde yolculuk esnasında orucu açmıştır. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) yolda orucunu açmanın yanında yolculukta oruç tutmayı yasaklayıcı ifadeler de kullanmıştır. Ancak çoğunluğu oluşturan âlimler hasta ve yolcunun ramazan orucunu başka günlerde tutabileceğini bildiren âyetlerin zorunluluk değil ruhsat ifade ettiğini kabul etmişlerdir. Bu görüş sahipleri Kur’an’da orucun başka günlerde tutulabileceğini ifade eden ayetlere benzer ayetlerden delil getirmişlerdir. Buna göre hasta ve yolcu isterse ramazan orucunu tutabilir, isterse başka günlere erteleyebilir. Bu görüş sahipleri de aynı şekilde Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) ve sahâbenin yolculuklarında oruç tuttuğunu bildiren rivâyetlerle de istidlâlde bulunmuştur. Bu rivâyetlerde açıkça belirtildiği üzere Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) ve sahabe yolculuklarında oruç tutmuşlardır. Onlara göre aynı şekilde sahabenin Hz. Peygamber’den (s.a.s.) sonra da yolculuklarında oruç tutmaya devam etmesi yolculukta orucu ertelenenin zorunlu olmadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca bu âlimler yolculukta oruç tutmayı yasaklayan rivâyetlerin bazı özel durumlar için vârid olduğunu, dolayısıyla bu rivâyetlerin genel hüküm istinbâtı için uygun olmadığını belirtmişlerdir. Zira söz konusu rivâyetlerde açıkça görüleceği üzere Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.s.) yolculukta orucu yasaklayan ifadeleri oruçtan etkilenen bazı sahâbîler içindir. Diğer taraftan Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.s.) yolculukta orucu yasaklayan hadisleri savaş öncesi varid olmuştur. Daha da ötesi bu rivâyetlerde Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) sahâbenin düşman ile karşılaşmaya hazır olmasını istemiş, bunun için oruçlarını açmasını emretmiştir.
TAŞKÖPRÜLÜZÂDE AHMED EFENDİ’DE İLİMLER TASNİFİ
Authors: TÜLÜCE Hüseyin Adem
Published: December 2021

Çalışmamızda Osmanlı düşünürü ve âlimi Taşköprülüzâde Ahmed Efendi’nin (901/1495) ilimler tasnifini tasvir edip tasnif geleneği içinde nerede durduğunu açığa çıkarmaya çalıştık. İslam düşünce geleneğinde ilimler tasnifinde en zirve şahsiyetlerden birisi olan Taşköprülüzâde kendi döneminin en detaylı ilimler sınıflandırmasını yapmıştır. Miftâhu’s-Saâde ve Misbâhu’s-Siyâde fî Mevzûâti’l-Ulûm isimli eseri tasnif denildiğine Osmanlı ilim dünyasında ilk akla gelen önemli ve değerli ansiklopedik eserdir. O, ilimler tasnifinde geleneksel felsefî düşünceyi takip ederek ağaç ve dal örneğini kullanmıştır.
Onun bu konuda yazdı dört eseri vardır. Bu eserleri, Medinetü’l-Ulûm, Miftâhu’s-Saâde ve Misbâhu’s-Siyâde fî Mevzûâti’l-Ulûm, er-Risâletü’l-Câmia li Vasfî’l-Ulûmi’n-Nâfîa, es-Sa‘âdetü’l- Fâhira Fî Siyâdeti’l-Âhira’dır. Bu eserlerin tasnif şekilleri birbirinden farklıdır. Bu eserlerinde hem felsefî tasnif geleneğinin hem de dini tasnif geleneğinin içinde kalarak kaleme alınmıştır. Taşköprülüzâde, er-Risâletü’l-Câmia’yı dinî tasnif anlayışı üzerinden kaleme almıştır. Miftâhu’s-Sa‘âde, Medinetü’l-Ulûm ve es-Sa‘âdetü'l-Fâhira isimli eserlerinde ise felsefî tasnif anlayışını benimsemiştir.
Taşköprülüzâde, tasnifinde iki kaynağa dayanmıştır. Bunlar, Molla Lütfi’nin Risâle fî’l-Ulûmuş-Şer’iyye ve’l-Arabiyye’si ve bu esere kendi yazdığı hâşiye olan el-Metâlibü’l-İlahiyye’si ve İbn Ekfani’nin İrşadü’l-Kâsıd’ıdır. Dil ilimleri ve şer’i ilimlere ilişkin bölümlerde Molla Lütfî’den, Felsefî ilimlerin içeriklerini oluşturma da İbnü’l Ekfâni’den yararlanmıştır. Osmanlı devletinin eğitim hayatında bu ilimler tasnifinin önemi büyüktür. Taşköprülüzâde, ilimlerin sınıflandırılmasını ayrı bir ilim dalı olarak değerlendirmiştir. Ona göre, tasnif ilmi bir disiplin olarak metafizik ilminin alt dallarındandır.
SÜBHÂNEKE DUÂSI KİMİN SÜNNETİ?
Authors: ERDİM Sinan
Published: December 2021

Birçok muhaddis musannefâtında “Tekbirden sonra ne söylenir?” şeklinde oluşturdukları bablarda Subhâneke Duâsı’na yer vermişlerdir. Bu duâ Hanefî ve Hanbelî Mezhebî imâmlarınca sünnet olarak görülmüş ve iftitah tekbirinden sonra müntesiplerince de okuna gelmiştir. Şâfiî Mezhebi’ne mensup kimseler tekbirden sonra başka bir duâ okurken Mâlikiler ise hiçbir duâ okumazlar. İmâm Mâlik’in Sübhâneke Duâsı’nın okunmasına karşı çıktığı da nakledilmiştir. Hanefîlerin sünnet kavramı ile her zaman Hz. Peygamber’in uygulamalarını kastetmedikleri bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda kaynaklara bakıldığında bu duânın kimi zaman Hz. Peygamber’e kimi zaman da Hz. Ömer’e isnâd edildiği görülmektedir. İmâm Şâfiî ile birlikte sünnet kavramının Hz. Peygamber’e has kılınması anlayışının yaygınlaşması merfû rivâyetlerin öne çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bu durumun Sübhâneke Duâsı rivâyetlerine de yansıdığı görülmektedir. Hanefî İmâmları bu hadîsi Hz. Ömer’e izafe ederek nakletmişlerdir. Kütüb-i Sitte’de ise durum neredeyse tersine dönmüştür. Buhârî bu hadîse eserinde yer vermezken Müslim onu Hz. Ömer’e isnâd ederek tahrîc etmiştir. Sünen-i Erbaa’ sahipleri ise onu merfû olarak nakletmişlerdir. Bununla beraber bu rivâyet merfû olarak birçok sahabîden nakledilmişken tartışmalı bir rivâyet hariç gerisi zayıf kabul edilmiştir. Hicri üçüncü asra ait eeserlerde bu hadîs iki sahabiden merfû olarak tahriç edilmişken dördüncü asırla birlikte bu sayı ona yaklaşmıştır. İlk üç asır müellifleri bu rivâyeti merfû olarak nakletmelerine ve eserlerinde tahric etmelerine rağmen onlardaki problemlere işaret etmişlerdir. Müteahhirun döneminde de bu problemlere dikkat çeken ve onun aslında Hz. Ömer’e ait olduğunu ifade eden muhaddisler olmuştur. Hicri dördüncü asırla birlikte bu rivâyetlere hasen hatta sahih hükmünü veren muhaddisler olmuştur. Bu ihtilafın ise iki noktadan çıktığını düşünmekteyiz. Biri muhaddislerin hadîsi nakleden bazı râvilerin bu rivâyeti doğru nakletmeleri noktasındaki kanaatlerinin farklı olmasıdır. Diğeri ise zayıf rivâyetlerin bir araya gelerek birbirini kuvvetlendirdikleri anlayışını tatbik etme konusunda aynı tutum içinde olmamalarıdır.
Muhaddislerin Hz. Ömer hadîsi sahih olarak nakledilmişken, mevkûf rivâyetle yetinmeyip hem bu merfû hadîslerdeki sorunlara dikkat çekmeleri hem de neden tahric ettikleri sorusuna gelince bunun iki husustan kaynaklandığını düşünmekteyiz. Biri yukarıda da bahsettiğimiz üzere sünnet anlayışının İmâm Şâfiî ile değişmesi yani merfû rivâyetlerin önem kazanması diğeri de bu rivâyetle yaygın bir halk kitlesinin ve âlimlerin amel etmeleridir.
Bu çalışmamızda hadîs kaynaklarından konuyla ilgili nakledilen merfû hadîsleri tespit ederek alimlerin bu rivâyetler ve râvîleri hakkındaki değerlendirmelere yer verilerek Hz. Peygamber’e mi yoksa Hz. Ömer’e mi ait olduğu tespite çalışılacaktır.
ABDULLÂH-I İLÂHÎ’NİN (ö. 896/1491) HAYATI VE ZÂDÜ’L-MÜŞTÂKÎN ADLI ESERİNDEKİ BAZI TASAVVUFİ KAVRAMLAR
Authors: DEMİRDAŞ Ayşe , DÖNER Ertuğrul
Published: December 2021

Abdullâh-ı İlâhî, XV. yüzyıl Osmanlı döneminde yaşamış Melâmî meşreb sufilerden biridir. İlâhî içinde bulunduğu asrın önemli sayılabilecek âlimlerinden zâhiri ve bâtıni ilimler olmak üzere dönemin ilim meclislerinden istifade etmiştir. Bazı meşhur hocalarından birtakım zahiri ilimleri aldıktan sonra Ubeydullah Ahrâr’ın (ö. 895/1490) yanında seyrü sülûkunu tamamlamıştır. Buradan aldığı Nakşî-Melâmî kültürü Anadolu topraklarında gerek sözlü gerek yazılı olarak yaymaya çalışmıştır. İlâhî’nin düşünceleri ve eserleri kısa sürede halk nezdinde yayılmıştır. Birçok kitap kaleme almış olan İlâhî’nin eserlerinden biri de Zâdü’l-Müştâkîn’dir. ‘Özlem Duyanların Yol Azığı’ anlamına gelen bu eser sadece tarikat erbâbına değil; tüm insanlara dünya yolculuğunda bir azık niteliği taşımaktadır. Netice olarak çalışmamızda İlâhî’nin hayatı ve Zâdü’l-Müştâkîn adlı eserinde geçen tasavvufi kavramları ele almaya çalışacağız.
DİN KÜLTÜRÜ VE AHLAK BİLGİSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMLARININ KAZANIMLARININ DEĞERLER EĞİTİMİ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YÜRÜK Tuğrul , DÜZENLİ Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Değerler eğitimi kavramı son yıllarda gerek yaygın eğitimde gerekse örgün eğitimde karşımıza sıkça çıkmaktadır. Bunun en önemli nedenlerinden biri, öğrencilerin ders içeriklerinde yer alan konulara değer boyutlarıyla birlikte sahip olmasının istenmesidir. Böylece öğrencinin konuyu içselleştirerek gündelik hayatta içinde yaşadığı toplumun değerlerinin yaşatılmasına ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarılmasına da katkı sağlaması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede 2018 yılından itibaren güncellenen öğretim programlarında değerler eğitimi programlarda ayrı bir başlık altında verilerek konunun önemi vurgulanmıştır. Biz de çalışmamızda Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi dersi öğretim programlarında değerler eğitimine ne denli yer verildiğini kazanımlar çerçevesinde araştırarak program-kazanım uyumunu ortaya koymaya çalıştık. Çalışmada Schwartz’ın değer sınıflaması kullanılarak ders kazanımlarında vurgulanan değerlerin hangi değer tipleri içerisinde olduğu belirlenip değer öğretimi konusunda bir sınırlılık olup olmadığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca ilk ve orta eğitimdeki tüm sınıf düzeylerini çalışmamıza konu ederek değerler eğitimi açısından hangi sınıf düzeyinde hangi değerlerin ön plana çıktığı ve hangi konularda değer öğretiminin yoğunlaştığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak elde edilen veriler çerçevesinde kazanımlarda toplumsal değerlerin ön plana çıktığı, bireysel değerlere daha az yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Tespitler sonucunda ortaya konulan verilerden hareketle daha sonra geliştirilecek programlara katkı sağlamak amacıyla çeşitli öneriler ortaya konulmuştur.
Ahmet Hakkı TURABİ & Ayşe Başak HARMANCI - Giriftzen Âsım Bey Hayatı ve Eserleri
Authors: DİLEK Pınar
Published: December 2021

Giriftzen Âsım Bey'in hayatından ve eserlerinden bahseden kitabın tanıtımı yapılmıştır. Kitap tanıtımı görsel içerik ve tablolarla desteklenmiştir.
Conservative treatment of hallux rigidus: narrative review of scientific evidence
Authors: Herrera-Perez Mario , González-Martín David , Ruiz-Escobar Javier , Viladot-Pericé Ramón
Published: December 2021

This study proposes an update on conservative treatment of hallux rigidus based on scientific evidence. This is a narrative review of 19 articles that analyzed conservative treatment of hallux rigidus in its different modalities. Conservative treatment is effective in approximately half of the patients with hallux rigidus, and footwear modifications, use of insoles, and hyaluronic acid injections are the most effective treatments, according to evidence-based medicine. Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic Studies; Systematic Review of Level III Studies.
Hallux rigidus: clinical examination, radiology, and classification
Authors: Arrondo Guillermo Martin , Casola Leandro
Published: December 2021

The severity of hallux rigidus depends on the degree of joint involvement, from local pain to stress fractures of other bones of the foot due to hyper-support. Radiology is mandatory to have an accurate diagnosis and gives us a parameter of joint injury. We use the Coughlin and Shurnas classification as the gold standard for treatment. Level of Evidence IV.
Access to the talar dome through the medial posterolateral approach: an anatomical study.
Authors: Farias Molina Wellington , Galizia Heitzmann Lourenço , Bottino Martins Guilherme , Martins Pimenta Luiz Sergio , Rasfasky Fiorot Giezy , Almeida Fragalli Ian
Published: December 2021

Background: The osteochondral grafting has become a popular procedure for treating challenging talar dome lesions. However, the vast majority are treated through medial malleolus osteotomy. The aim of this study was to determine the posteromedial area of the talus that can be reached without malleolar osteotomy through the posteromedial approach.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Evidence Level 4

Methods: Fifteen human cadaveric ankles were dissected in a standard fashion to expose the posteromedial talar dome. Seven approaches were used on the cadaver's left limb (46.7%). We did not observe any significant difference between the evaluated sides (chi-square test, p = 0.715).

 Results: On average, 2,09 cm2 (range, 1,72-2,69) of the posteromedial talus dome or 15,27 % (range 12-20) of total talus dome can be accessed without osteotomy.

Conclusion: If the osteochondral lesion is within the area accessible through PM approach (mean 2 cm2), as seen on magnetic resonance imaging, it is possible that it can be treated without a medial malleolus osteotomy.

Keywords: talus; osteochondral lesions; osteotomy; arthrotomy; surgery
Hallux valgus measurements using weight-bearing computed tomography: what changes?
Authors: Braza Samuel , Salomão Barbachan Mansur Nacime , Mallavarapu Vineel , Alencar Mendes de Carvalho Kepler , Dibbern Kevin , Augusto de Souza Nery Caio , Laleveé Matthieu , de César Netto César
Published: December 2021

Objective: To assess whether traditional hallux valgus (HV) measurements obtained with conventional radiography (CR) correspond to those obtained with weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT). Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 26 HV feet and 20 control feet were analyzed with CR and WBCT. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), interphalangeal angle (IPA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), sesamoid station (SS), and first metatarsal head shape were measured. Chi-square tests were used to compare hallux valgus and control patients. T-tests were used to compare CR and WBCT. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: WBCT was capable of discriminating patients with HV from controls, showing higher mean values for HV patients than controls in HVA (35.29 and 9.02, p < 0.001), IMA (16.01 and 10.01, p < 0.001), and DMAA (18.90 and 4.10, p < 0.001). When comparing the two methods, differences were not significant between CR and WBCT measurements in HVA (-0.84, p = 0.79), IMA (-0.93, p = 0.39), IPA (1.53, p = 0.09), or SS (p = 0.40), but were significant for DMAA (13.43, p < .0001). CR analysis yielded varied metatarsal head shapes, while all WBCT shape classifications were round.  Conclusion: Unidimensional HV measurements were similar between WBCT and CR, while more three-dimensional findings were not. CR may be used to assess the axial aspects of HV, but multidimensional aspects of the deformity may not be accurately assessed with plain radiographs. Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic Studies; Retrospective Case-Control Study.
Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamaları Klinik Araştırmalarında Kişilik Haklarının Korunması
Authors: EROL Ayşe
Published: December 2021

Ulusal ve uluslararası bazı kanun ve yönetmeliklerde, geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları klinik araştırmaları sırasında uyulması gereken birçok hüküm bulunmaktadır. Bu hükümlere aykırı davranan ve gönüllü deneklerin kişilik haklarını ihlâl eden araştırmacıların Türk Medenî Kanunumuzda hüküm altına alınmış kişiliği koruyucu davalar ve kişilik hakkı ihlâli sonucu açılabilen davalar ile karşı karşıya kalması kaçınılmazdır. Kişilik hakkı değerleri insan üzerinde geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları klinik araştırmalarıyla ilişkilendirildiğinde, en temel ve ihlâl edilmesi en muhtemel değerler, T.C. Anayasası ve uluslararası sözleşmelerle de güvence altına alınmış olan, yaşam, sağlık ve vücut bütünlüğü değerleridir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızda, geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarında klinik araştırmaların kişilik hakkı ile ilişkilendirilmesi ve geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarının klinik araştırmalarında kişilik haklarının nasıl korunacağı incelenmiştir.
COVID-19 Salgınının İş Hukuku Bakımından Nitelendirilmesi
Authors: BAYCIK Gaye , TOLU YILMAZ Hazal
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 salgını hayatlarımızı ekonomik, sosyal, psikolojik, hukuki ve diğer birçok alanda derinden etkilemiş ve devletleri salgına karşı birtakım önlemler almak zorunda bırakmıştır. Salgının ve buna karşı alınan önlemlerin en büyük etkilerinden biri de iş ilişkileri üzerinde olmuştur. Salgının tarafların hak, borç ve yükümlülükleri üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi ve buna bağlı olarak ileride ortaya çıkabilecek ihtilafların önlenmesi için öncelikle iş hukuku açısından salgının tanımlanması gerekir. Covid-19, iş ilişkileri açısından zorunlu neden veya mücbir neden olarak tanımlanabilir. Bununla birlikte, mücbir nedenin göreli niteliği uyarınca COVID-19 salgınının her bir işyerinin ve bundan etkilenen her çalışanın özel durumu göz önünde tutularak nitelendirilmesi gerekir.
Hacia nuevas formas de pensar el territorio: una propuesta para el desarrollo de la Región del Gran La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Birche Mariana , Rodríguez Tarducci Rocío , Jensen Karina , Cremaschi María Elisa , Bilbao Pilar , Ravella Olga
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo se ocupa de analizar el desarrollo de la Región de La Plata desde la fundación a la actualidad, para luego proponer propuestas de alternativas tendientes a mitigar los efectos provocados por el desarrollo urbano insustentable. Para esto, se discuten los principios considerados como “sustentables” y se indaga sobre cómo su aplicación puede constituirse en una estrategia de abordaje del desarrollo sustentable, en el contexto del actual paradigma técnico-económico y socio-ambiental. Como resultado de la investigación se conciben propuestas alternativas de desarrollo a partir de las diversas investigaciones realizadas por los autores en los últimos veinte años.
Ciudad aumentada y pandemia El habitar en el Orden Digital
Authors: Cortez Oviedo P. Sebastián , Finquelievich Susana
Published: December 2021

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Buenos Aires Metropolitana. Política y gestión de la ciudad
Authors: Arteaga Renato
Published: December 2021

Buenos Aires Metropolitana. Política y gestión de la ciudad

Pedro Pirez (1994)

Centro Editor de América Latina/Centro, Estudios Sociales y Ambientales

(Bibliotecas Universitarias)
Pathogenic and morphological variability among the isolates of Fusarium udum (Butler) causing wilt of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Roy Shambhu , Upadhyay J. P.
Published: December 2021

Wilt is the most serious disease causing irreversible losses and lethal damage to the crop in Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and the West Bengal states of Eastern India. Because of the existence of high pathogen variability, management of the disease using resistant cultivars will be a challenging task. For breeding resistant varieties, knowledge of pathogen variability in the particular crop area is essential.  In present study, fifteen isolates viz., Fu-9, Fu-10, Fu-27,Fu-32, Fu-42, Fu-49, Fu-63, Fu-72, Fu-73, Fu-74,Fu-75,Fu-84, Fu-86, Fu-87, Fu-97of Fusarium udum  obtained from wilt infected pigeonpea plants of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal of Eastern India were assessed for the phenotypic variation.  The isolates exhibited considerable variations in cultural and morphological characters viz., radial growth, mycelial color, sporulation, size and shape of macroconidia. Pathogenic variability on soil inoculated pot grown plants of pigeonpea resulted in 12.0 to 57.1 percent wilt incidence. The isolates also exhibited significant variations in symptoms like drooping of shoots, latent period, timing of fungal invasion, vascular clogging, drooping of shoots, and wilt establishment etc.  Based on the wilt incidence, the fifteen isolates were distinguished into pathogenic groups. Fu- 10, Fu-27, Fu-32 and Fu-49  were found highly pathogenic and predominantly causing the typical wilt symptoms of more than one 31% wilt incidence. The present study indicates the existence of variability among isolates of vascular wilt pathogen collected from Eastern region of India.
A review on ecological degradation, its causes and sustainable development in Delhi, India
Authors: Saxena Ranjana , Rath Rita , Gupta Sadhna , Sood Neeraja
Published: December 2021

Degradation of natural resources and loss of biodiversity (wildlife flora and fauna) is a global problem that affects our society and hampers the economic and social progress of a country towards sustainable development. In developing countries like India, degradation of natural resources is a major threat to socio-economic development. In general, destruction of the environment, biodiversity and nature, has been a major concern in metropolitan cities. Delhi being a metropolitan city and the capital of India, has been facing this problem since 1980’s. However, the situation was not that bad then. Over the years, the environmental degradation has not only led to the loss of natural flora and fauna of Delhi city but has also become a cause of great concern because of its impact on the health of the common citizens of Delhi. Modernization, industrialization and overpopulation are key factors responsible for bringing about a drastic change in Delhi’s biodiversity and natural resources. Keeping in view their multifarious impacts, the Government of Delhi took some measures to restore the ecosystem of the city. However, we still have a long way to go to bring back the natural flora and fauna of the city, clean air, and the natural resources that have been depleted beyond imagination. Government alone cannot bring about the lost glory of Delhi. Each citizen of Delhi is responsible, and there is a need to join hands together and think in a positive direction to make Delhi a safe living place not only for human beings but also the wildlife that once existed in this majestic city.
Artificial intelligence-powered expert system model for identifying fall armyworm infestation in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Prabha R. , Kennedy J. S. , Vanitha G. , Sathiah N. , Priya M. Banu
Published: December 2021

Maize (Zea mays L) is one of the most saleable cereal crops grown worldwide and a dominant staple food in many developing countries. The severe outbreak of fall armyworm in maize causes massive yield loss. Modern technologies, including smartphones, can assist in detecting recognising the fall armyworm infestation in maize. The objective of this study was to develop an automated Artificial Intelligence Powered Expert System (AIPES) for identifying fall armyworm infestation in maize. In addition, it put forward a deep learning-based model that is trained on photographs of healthy and fall armyworm infested leaves, cobs and tassels from a dataset and furnished an application that will be detecting maize fall armyworm infestation using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture and Mobile Net V 2 framework model. The study developed an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based maize fall armyworm infestation detection system using a DCNN (Deep Convolutional Neural Network) to support maize cultivating farmers. The model executed the objective by accurately identifying the fall armyworm infested maize plant and also classified them vis-c-vis the healthier crop. The deep learning models were trained to detect and recognise fall armyworm infection using more than 11000 images of fall armyworm infested leaves, cobs, and tassels. The created application (AIPES for identifying fall armyworm infestation in maize) using CNN detected and recognised the fall armyworm infestation in maize with a 100 per cent training accuracy rate and 87 per cent validation accuracy. So, the detection of maize fall armyworm and the treatment of fall armyworm-infested maize could lead to a higher maize crop yield.
Effect of long term fertilization on phosphorus dynamics in root zone environment under finger millet - Maize cropping sequence
Authors: K. Kalaiselvi , Jayanthi D. , Santhy P. , Gnanachitra M. , Gokila B.
Published: December 2021

In an agro-ecosystem, phosphorus (P) is found in organic and an inorganic form which includes soluble P, sorbed P and mineral bounded P. In soil, added P sources undergo various soil processes like mineralization, immobilization, precipitation, weathering, dissolution, sorption and desorption. For understanding the P dynamics in clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) soil, the present study was undertaken in P dynamics under rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere environment of maize in Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that the fractions of various pools of inorganic NaOH extractable Fe - P, H2SO4 extractable Ca- P, NH4F extractable Al- P, NH4Cl extractable Saloid P and Na citrate - Dithionate extractable Reductant soluble P were dominant in the non-rhizospheric soil than rhizospheric environment. The order of inorganic P fractions in the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric region of the soil was found as Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Reductant soluble-P > Saloid P and the knee-high stage of the non - rhizosphere soil recorded the highest inorganic as well organic P fractions. Irrespective of P fractions, Ca – P was recorded high (192.5 &  186.7 mg kg-1 ) followed by Fe - P (40.8& 34.9 mg kg-1) at a knee-high stage in non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere, respectively. Practising various nutrient management systems, application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer along with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) recorded significant changes in all inorganic (Ca-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Reductant soluble-P, Saloid P), organic fractions and also Total P followed by 150% NPK (T3) in sandy clay loam soil. Nowadays, increasing demand for P fertilizer in India, judicious use of P fertilizer is important. Despite that, intensively cultivated soils have a lot of P reserves like organic and inorganic P pools and effective way of P transformation management could reduce the quantum of P fertilization in soil.
Influence of nitrogen application on direct seeded rice in old and new Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Bama K. Sathiya , Babu K. R. , Sharmila R. , Anuradha A.
Published: December 2021

Direct seeded rice is a boon to farmers where the water release from the reservoir is delayed. Nitrogen fertiliser management is one of the strategies bto rectify the nutrient-related issue in Direct seeded rice. The present study aimed to optimize the nitrogen dose for direct-seeded rice in the new and old Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu. Field experiments were conducted during kuruvai and samba seasons at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai and Agricultural research station Thanjavur representing old and new Cauvery delta regions during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Totally from eight experiments, the results of four field experiments in each location revealed the highest grain yield in the treatment T6 -application of 150 kg Nha-1 (5596kg/ha) which was statistically on par with treatment T5 -125kg N/ha (5326 kg/ha) in old delta and new delta. The higher grain yield was recorded in the T6 (5140 kg/ha), statistically on par with T5 (4550 kg/ha). The higher available nitrogen content of 312 kg/ ha,292 kg/ha was recorded for N application @ 150kg/ha, which was statistically on par with  309 kg/ha and 289 kg/ha, respectively, both the kuruvai and samba seasons for N application of 125 kg/ha. In the new CDZ, the same trend was followed as that of the old delta. Based on economics, N applied @125 kg/ha recorded a higher BC ratio for direct-seeded rice. For the benefit of farmers of both deltaic regions, the nitrogen application of 125 kg ha-1 for direct-seeded rice is recommended.
Utilizing neural networks for image downscaling and water quality monitoring
Authors: Makar R. S. , Faisal M.
Published: December 2021

Remotely sensed images are becoming highly required for various applications, especially those related to natural resource management. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data has the advantages of its high spectral and temporal resolutions but remains inadequate in providing the required high spatial resolution. On the other hand, Sentinel-2 is more advantageous in spatial and temporal resolution but lacks a solid historical database. In this study, four MODIS bands in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and their matching Sentinel-2 bands were used to monitor the turbidity in Lake Nasser, Egypt. The MODIS data were downscaled to Sentinel-2, which enhanced its spatial resolution from 250 and 500m to 10m.Furthermore, it provided a historical database that was used to monitor the changes in lake turbidity. Spatial approach based on neural networks was presented to downscale MODIS bands to the spatial resolution of the Sentinel-2 bands. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and actual images exceeded 0.70 for the four bands. Applying this approach, the downscaled MODIS images were developed and the neural networks were further employed to these images to develop a model for predicting the turbidity in the lake. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and actual measurements reached 0.83. The study suggests neural networks as a comparatively simplified and accurate method for image downscaling compared to other methods. It also demonstrated the possibility of utilizing neural networks to accurately predict lake water quality parameters such as turbidity from remote sensing data compared to statistical methods.
Is a high calcific burden an indication, or a contraindication for Drug Coated Balloon?
Authors: Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Loku
						Waduge Bhagya Harindi , Watkin Richard , Athukorala Sampath
Published: December 2021

Drug coated balloons (DCB) are increasingly being used in coronary intervention. Most of their use is currently restricted to in stent restenosis, however, they are also being used to treat some de novo lesion subsets (especially small vessels) and in patients unable to take dual antiplatelet therapy beyond a month. Calcified lesions pose a significant challenge to coronary intervention from lesion preparation to the delivery of drug to the vessel wall. There are limited data on the use of DCB in calcified lesions. In this article, we have provided a detailed literature review on calcified lesions and the use of DCB including a case example.
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs in the era of COVID-19: a critical review
Authors: Stefanakis Marios , Batalik Ladislav , Papathanasiou Jannis , Dipla Lefkothea , Antoniou Varsamo , Pepera Garyfallia
Published: December 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increased rates of morbidity and mortality have led to the increased need for the implementation of secondary prevention interventions. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) represents a multifactorial intervention, including elements of physical exercise and activity, education regarding healthy lifestyle habits (smoking cessation, nutritional habits), to improve the physical capacity and psychological status of cardiac patients. However, participation rates in CR programs remain low due to socioeconomic, geographical and personal barriers. Recently the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have added another barrier to CR programs. Therefore there is an emerging need to further improve the types and methods of implementing CR. Cardiac telerehabilitation, integrating advanced technology for both monitoring and communicating with the cardiac population, appears to be an innovative CR alternative that can overcome some of the barriers preventing CR participation. This review paper aims to describe the background and core components of center-based CR and cardiac telerehabilitation, and discuss their implications for present day clinical practice and their future perspectives.
Evolving roles of cardiac fibroblasts in cardiogenesis and immunology, electrophysiology, and aging
Authors: Lodi Rathna Silviya , Xia Lin , Zhang Yeping , Liu Fang
Published: December 2021

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), one of the major groups of cardiac cells, play a prominent role in the cardiac microenvironment through communicating with other cells such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and immune cells. These communications are required not only during cardiac development but also during pathogenesis. CFs are also involved in developmental changes in the post-natal and pre-natal heart through depositing extra cellular matrix (ECM) and maintaining cardiac tissue structure. Furthermore, CFs show both detrimental and beneficial effects in maintenance of the electrophysiology of the heart. Senescent CFs in the cardiac microenvironment influence other cardiac cells through paracrine signaling, which would worsen or cure the diseases. Therefore, there is a need of exclusive study on CFs’ role in the developmental stage of the heart, electrophysiology, and senescence. This review discusses the current research about CFs’ function, especially the CFs’ role in cardiac development, electrophysiology, and senescence, and proposes a certain gap filling future prospective.
Clinical and multi-modality imaging approach in the selection of patients for left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Riegler Lucia , Palermi Stefano , Scarafile Raffaella , Gioia Renato , Pastore Fabio , Lombardi Anna , Marrazzo Gemma , Ragni Massimo , Quaranta Gaetano , Sirignano Cesare , Manto Andrea , D’Andrea Antonello
Published: December 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) can lead to embolic stroke and in subjects with non-valvular AF most of thrombi are sited in the left atrial appendage (LAA). LAA is a structure located in the free wall of heart with a wide variable and complex anatomy. LAA occlusion (LAAO) could be taken in consideration in subjects with non-valvular AF and who cannot have long-term anticoagulant therapy. It is a complex preventive procedure given the high variability of patients characteristics and several LAAO devices available nowadays. Moreover, the ideal postprocedural antithrombotic strategy is still unclear. In this review we aim to describe clinical features of patients committed for LAA occlusion and the function of multimodality imaging in subjects selection, procedural management and follow up.
Management strategy of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in octogenarians: a call for a personalized approach
Authors: Martínez-Solano Jorge , Alonso-García Andrés , Álvarez-Zaballos Sara , Martínez-Sellés Manuel
Published: December 2021

The rate of octogenarians among patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) will continue to increase in the coming years due to population aging. Routine invasive management of NSTEACS has shown long-term benefit in general population but evidence-based recommendations in this subset of patients remain scarce. The decision-making process in elderly patients should take into account several geriatric factors including frailty, comorbidities, dependency, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, and polymedication. Chronological age is a poor marker of the biological situation in octogenarians and heterogeneity is common. Recent studies support an invasive strategy in most octogenarians. However, observational data suggest that significant comorbidities seem to be related to futility of an invasive approach whereas the risk-benefit balance in frail patients might favor revascularization. Further studies are needed to define a tailored approach in each octogenarian with NSTEACS through a better assessment and quantification of frailty, comorbidities and ischemic risk.
Right ventricular myocardial infarction: pathophysiology, clinical implications and management
Authors: Femia Giuseppe , French John K , Juergens Craig , Leung Dominic , Lo Sidney
Published: December 2021

Right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) and right ventricular (RV) failure are complications from an acute occlusion of a dominant right coronary artery (RCA) or left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Although some patients have good long-term RV recovery, RVMI is associated with high rates of in-hospital morbidity and mortality driven by hemodynamic compromise, cardiogenic shock, and electrical complications. As such, it is important to identify specific clinical signs and symptoms, initiate resuscitation and commence reperfusion therapy with fibrinolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention. This review will discuss RVMI pathophysiology, describe the current diagnostic measures, highlight current therapies, and explore future management options.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: diverse substrate characteristics and ablation outcome
Authors: Cheng Wen-Han , Chung Fa-Po , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Lo Li-Wei , Chang Shih-Lin , Hu Yu-Feng , Tuan Ta-Chuan , Chao Tze-Fan , Liao Jo-Nan , Lin Chin-Yu , Chang Ting-Yung , Kuo Ling , Wu Cheng-I , Liu Chih-Min , Liu Shin-Huei , Chen Shih-Ann
Published: December 2021

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy caused by defective desmosomal proteins. The typical histopathological finding of ARVC is characterized by progressive fibrofatty infiltration of the right ventricle due to the dysfunction of cellular adhesion molecules, thus, developing arrhythmogenic substrates responsible for the clinical manifestation of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). Current guidelines recommend implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantation to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) in ARVC, especially for those experiencing VT/VF or aborted SCD, while antiarrhythmic drugs, despite their modest effectiveness and several undesirable adverse effects, are frequently used for those experiencing episodes of ICD interventions. Given the advances in mapping and ablation technologies, catheter ablation has been implemented to eliminate drug-refractory VT in ARVC. A better understanding of the pathogenesis, underlying arrhythmogenic substrates, and putative VT isthmus in ARVC contributes to a significant improvement in ablation outcomes through comprehensive endocardial and epicardial approaches. Regardless of ablation strategies, there is a diversity of arrhythmogenic substrates in ARVC, which could partly explain the nonuniform ablation outcome and long-term recurrences and reflect the role of potential factors in the modification of disease progression and triggering of arrhythmic events.
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia: a review
Authors: Ali Muzaffar , Haji Abdul Qadir , Kichloo Asim , Grubb Blair P , Kanjwal Khalil
Published: December 2021

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) has been defined as a resting heart rate of >100 beats per minute and an average 24-hour heart rate >90 bpm with distressing symptoms resulting from the persistent tachycardia. IST is prevalent in 1% of the middle-aged population, mostly females. Rarely can elderly patients also present with IST. Possible mechanisms of IST include intrinsic sinus node abnormality, beta-adrenergic receptor stimulating autoantibody, beta-adrenergic receptor supersensitivity, muscarinic receptor autoantibody, or hyposensitivity, impaired baroreflex control, depressed efferent parasympathetic/vagal function, nociceptive stimulation, central autonomic overactivity, aberrant neurohumoral modulation, etc. Symptoms associated with IST are palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, presyncope, and syncope. Despite these distressing symptoms, IST has not been associated with tachycardia-associated cardiomyopathy or increased major cardiovascular events. Various treatment options for patients with IST are ivabradine, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers, psychiatric evaluation, and exercise training. Although, endocardial radiofrequency ablation targeting the sinus node has been used as a treatment modality for otherwise treatment-refractory IST, the results have been dismal. The other modalities used for refractory IST treatment are endocardial modification of the sinus node using radiofrequency energy, combined endo and epicardial ablation of the sinus node, thoracoscopic epicardial ablation of the sinus node, sinus node sparing thoracoscopic and endocardial hybrid ablation. The goal of this review is to provide the readership with the pathophysiological basis of IST and its management options.
The role of invasive coronary physiology in Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Bayón Jeremías , Reyes Miguel-Ángel , Santás-Álvarez Melisa , Abellás-Sequeiros Rosa-Alba , Ocaranza-Sánchez Raymundo , Gonzalez-Juanatey Carlos
Published: December 2021

The pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome has not yet been precisely defined. Different hypotheses have been proposed, including cardiotoxicity due to catecholaminergic hormone release, metabolic disorders, coronary microvascular dysfunction and epicardial coronary artery spasm. Invasive coronary physiology is considered the cornerstone to understand physiological assessment of coronary blood flow in this setting. We have reviewed most important studies in coronary invasive physiology in this field to update the state of the art in TakoTsubo Syndrome.
The efficacy of trimetazidine in non-ischemic heart failure patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhao Chengchen , Jin Chunna , He Xiaopeng , Xiang Meixiang
Published: December 2021

Trimetazidine has been reported to benefit patients with heart failure (HF) and angina. The impact of trimetazidine on non-ischemic HF remains unclear. We reviewed clinical trials to investigate whether trimetazidine could improve exercise endurance, life quality, and heart function in non-ischemic HF patients. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of science for randomized clinical trials published before April 30th, 2020; Studies limited to patients with non-ischemic HF, aged ≥18 years, comparing trimetazidine with conventional therapy with/without placebo. Outcome measurements included primary outcomes (6 minutes walking test (6-MWT)) and secondary outcomes (life quality scores, echocardiography parameters, biomarker, peak oxygen consumption). The follow-up period was longer than three months. This study was registered with international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42020182982). Six studies with 310 cases were included in this research. Trimetazidine significantly improved 6-MWT (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 48.51 m, 95% confidence interval (CI) [29.41, 67.61], p < 0.0001, I2 = 0%), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (WMD = 3.09%, 95% CI [1.09, 5.01], p = 0.002, I2 = 0%) at 3 months, and LVEF (WMD = 6.09%, 95% CI [3.76, 8.42], p < 0.0001, I2 = 12%) at 6 months. Furthermore, it reduced peak oxygen consumption (WMD = –2.24 mL/kg per minute, 95% CI [–4.09, –0.93], p = 0.02). This meta-analysis suggested that trimetazidine might be an effective strategy for improving exercise endurance and cardiac function in patients with non-ischemic HF.
A review of multiscale 0D–1D computational modeling of coronary circulation with applications to cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Scarsoglio Stefania , Ridolfi Luca
Published: December 2021

Computational hemodynamics is becoming an increasingly important tool in clinical applications and surgical procedures involving the cardiovascular system. Aim of this review is to provide a compact summary of state of the art 0D–1D multiscale models of the arterial coronary system, with particular attention to applications related to cardiac arrhythmias, whose effects on the coronary circulation remain so far poorly understood. The focus on 0D–1D models only is motivated by the competitive computational cost, the reliability of the outcomes for the whole cardiovascular system, and the ability to directly account for cardiac arrhythmias. The analyzed studies show that cardiac arrhythmias by their own are able to promote significant alterations of the coronary hemodynamics, with a worse scenario as the mean heart rate (HR) increases. The present review can stimulate future investigation, both in computational and clinical research, devoted to the hemodynamic effects induced by cardiac arrhythmias on the coronary circulation.