bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of multi‐component non‐sex pheromone blends to monitor both sexes of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Preti Michele , Knight Alan Lee , Mujica María Valentina , Basoalto Esteban , Larsson Herrera Sebastian , Tasin Marco , Angeli Sergio
Published: May 2021

Nineteen host plant volatiles (HPVs) were screened for attractivity to adult codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) as a fourth component of core blends (3K) including (E,Z)‐2,4‐ethyl decadienoate, (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene and acetic acid. Each new quaternary combination was compared with a previously reported attractive bisexual lure (4K), consisting of the 3K blend plus 6‐ethenyl‐2,2,6‐trimethyloxan‐3‐ol (pyranoid linalool oxide, pyrLOX). All lure evaluations were conducted in apple, Malus domestica (Borkhausen). Several compounds were found to significantly lower total and/or female catches when added to the 3K blend, including (Z)‐3‐hexenol, (E)‐2‐hexanal and hexyl butanoate (female and total moths), and (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate and linalool (female moths). Other compounds when added to the 3K blend did not increase or decrease moth catches, including methyl salicylate, (E)‐β‐ocimene, limonene, β‐caryophyllene, butyl hexanoate, farnesol, terpineol, terpinen‐4‐ol and α‐pinene. A few added compounds significantly increased moth catches compared with the 3K blend, including β‐pinene (male moths), (Z)‐jasmone (male and total moths), (E)‐β‐farnesene and β‐myrcene (female and total moths), and (E,E)‐α‐farnesene (male, female, and total moths). In addition, each of these five compounds when added to the 3K core blend performed similarly to the 4K lure (male, females, and total moths). Further studies should expand these results through tests of these and other new blends with a range of component ratios and total loading amounts. Field trials should also be replicated within all host crops of codling moth and across major geographical production regions.
The increasing importance of Vermamoebavermiformis
Authors: Siddiqui Ruqaiyyah , Makhlouf Zinb , Khan Naveed Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Vermamoeba vermiformis are one of the most prevalent free‐living amoebae. These amoebae are ubiquitous and also thermotolerant. Of concern, V. vermiformis have been found in hospital water networks. Furthermore, associations between V. vermiformis and pathogenic bacteria have been reported, such as Legionella pneumophila. Moreover, V. vermiformis are well known to host viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms and cases of keratitis due to V. vermiformis in conjunction with other amoebae have been reported. Despite the preceding, the medical importance of V. vermiformis is still an ongoing discussion and its genome has been only recently sequenced. Herein, we present a review of the current understanding of the biology and pathogenesis pertaining to V. vermiformis, as well as its’ role as an etiological agent and trojan horse. An approach known as theranostics which combines both diagnosis and therapy could be utilized to eradicate and diagnose keratitis cases caused by such amoebae. Given the rise in global warming, it is imperative to investigate these rarely studied amoebae and to understand their importance in human health.
The food safety knowledge of street food vendors and the sanitary compliance of their vending facilities, Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Oladipo‐Adekeye Oluwakemi Taiwo , Tabit Frederick Tawi
Published: May 2021

The inadequate food safety knowledge of street food vendors has proved to be an obstacle in ensuring the safety of street food. The aim of this study was to assess the food safety knowledge of street food vendors in Johannesburg, South Africa, and to evaluate both the compliance of their street food vending facilities with food safety regulations and the monitoring of these facilities. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in which data was collected from 315 street food vendors and 155 street food vending facilities. The majority (61.3%) of the street food vendors were female, and most (64.1%) had not attended a food safety training course. Only a few (12.1%) of the vendors knew the correct minimum internal cooking temperature for stuffed chicken, while 40% knew the correct temperature for cold storage and 39% the correct temperature for hot storage of ready‐to‐eat foods. Most (52%) of the street food vendors had moderate food safety knowledge, while most of the street food vending facilities (68.3%) had been inspected by health inspectors. The overall food safety knowledge of street food vendors in the Johannesburg metropole was moderate and both the level of compliance with food safety regulations and monitoring by authorities were satisfactory. However, street food vendors possessed inadequate knowledge concerning internal cooking temperatures as well as the appropriate hot and cold storage temperature for ready‐to‐eat foods. More training is required to ensure that street food vendors improve their food safety knowledge.
Associations between diet quality scores and central obesity among adults in Puerto Rico
Authors: Riseberg Emily , Tamez Martha , Tucker Katherine L. , Rodriguez Orengo José F. , Mattei Josiemer
Published: May 2021

Background

Adults in Puerto Rico experience an excessive burden of central obesity. It remains unknown which dietary components are more strongly associated with central obesity in this high‐risk group. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of the Mediterranean diet (MeDS) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI) with central obesity in the Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle and Diseases (PRADLAD) cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Data from PRADLAD participants (ages 30‐75 years) were used (n = 166). Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. The MeDS [nine components; range: 0 (lowest) to 9 (highest observance of a Mediterranean‐like diet)] and AHEI [11 components; range: 0 (lowest) to 110 (highest diet quality)] were defined. Daily intake of foods and beverages within each MeDS component was ranked by contribution to total energy intake. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between MeDS and AHEI with central obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm males, > 88 cm females).

Results

Mean ± SD MeDS was 4.46 ± 1.77 and AHEI was 60.2 ± 11.1. Traditional foods representative of the MeDS included potatoes, root vegetables, fruit juice, avocados, bread, oatmeal, beans, chicken, seafood, low‐fat milk, cheese, eggs and beer. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of central obesity were 0.78 (0.63–0.97) per unit increment of MeDS and 0.61 (0.42–0.90) per 10‐unit increment of AHEI.

Conclusions

Higher adherence to MeDS or AHEI was associated with lower central obesity in adults in Puerto Rico. Consuming traditional foods reflecting these dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean‐like) may reduce central obesity in high‐risk populations.
A multi‐criteria decision‐making approach for assembling optimal powertrain technology portfolios in low GHG emission environments
Authors: Kellner Florian , Lienland Bernhard , Utz Sebastian
Published: May 2021

Environmental regulations force car manufacturers to renew the powertrain technology portfolio offered to the customer to comply with greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. In turn, automotive companies face the task of identifying the “right” powertrain technology portfolio consisting of, for example, internal combustion engines and electric vehicles, because the selection of a particular powertrain technology portfolio affects different company targets simultaneously. What makes this decision even more challenging is that future market shares of the different technologies are uncertain. Our research presents a new decision‐support approach for assembling optimal powertrain technology portfolios while making decision‐makers aware of the trade‐offs between the achievable profit, the achievable market share, the market share risk, and the GHG emissions generated by the selected vehicle fleet. The proposed approach combines “a posteriori” decision‐making with multi‐objective optimization. In an application case, we feed the outlooks of selected market studies into the proposed decision‐support system. The result is a visualization and analysis of the current real‐world decision‐making problem faced by many automotive companies. Our findings indicate that for the proposed GHG restriction at work in 2030 in the European Union, no optimal powertrain technology portfolio with less than 35% of vehicles equipped with an electric motor exists.
Indispensable role of the oxytocin receptor for allogrooming toward socially distressed cage mates in female mice
Authors: Matsumoto Makiya , Yoshida Masahide , Jayathilake Buddhini Wimarsha , Inutsuka Ayumu , Nishimori Katsuhiko , Takayanagi Yuki , Onaka Tatsushi
Published: May 2021

Social contact reduces stress responses in social animals. Mice have been shown to show allogrooming behaviour toward distressed conspecifics. However, the precise neuronal mechanisms underlying allogrooming behaviour remain unclear. In the present study, we examined whether mice show allogrooming behaviour towards distressed conspecifics in a social defeat model and we also determined whether oxytocin receptor‐expressing neurons were activated during allogrooming by examining the expression of c‐Fos protein, a marker of neurone activation. Mice showed allogrooming behaviour toward socially defeated conspecifics. After allogrooming behaviour, the percentages of oxytocin receptor‐expressing neurones expressing c‐Fos protein were significantly increased in the anterior olfactory nucleus, cingulate cortex, insular cortex, lateral septum and medial amygdala of female mice, suggesting that oxytocin receptor‐expressing neurones in these areas were activated during allogrooming behaviour toward distressed conspecifics. The duration of allogrooming was correlated with the percentages of oxytocin receptor‐expressing neurones expressing c‐Fos protein in the anterior olfactory nucleus, insular cortex, lateral septum and medial amygdala. In oxytocin receptor‐deficient mice, allogrooming behaviour toward socially defeated cage mates was markedly reduced in female mice but not in male mice, indicating the importance of the oxytocin receptor for allogrooming behaviour in female mice toward distressed conspecifics. The results suggest that the oxytocin receptor, possibly in the anterior olfactory nucleus, insular cortex, lateral septum and/or medial amygdala, facilitates allogrooming behaviour toward socially distressed familiar conspecifics in female mice.
68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/MRI and 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET/MRI are superior to 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT for neuroendocrine tumour imaging
Authors: Jawlakh Hiba , Velikyan Irina , Welin Staffan , Sundin Anders
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to assess gadoxetate disodium contrast‐enhanced (CE) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 68Ga‐DOTATOC and 11C‐5‐Hydroxy‐tryptophan (11C‐5‐HTP) in comparison with iodine CE 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/computed tomography (CT) for neuroendocrine tumour imaging. Detection rate and reader's confidence were evaluated for each separate image volume: CE‐CT, CE‐MRI including diffusion‐weighted imaging, 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET performed at PET/CT, 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET performed at PET/MRI and 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET, and for the three combined hybrid examinations 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/MRI, 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET/MRI and 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT. In 11 patients, 255 lesions were depicted. 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET performed at PET/MRI depicted 72.5%, 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET performed at PET/CT depicted 62.7%, 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET depicted 68.2% and CE‐CT depicted 53% of lesions. 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET performed at PET/MRI (P < 0.001) and PET/CT (P = 0.02), 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET (P < 0.001) and MRI (P < 0.001) were superior to CT. 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/MRI and 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET/MRI detected 92.5% and 92% of lesions, respectively, and both outperformed 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT (65%) (P < 0.001). For liver metastasis imaging, MRI alone was unsurpassed (P < 0.01) and 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/MRI and 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET/MRI outperformed 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT (P < 0.001). For lymph node metastasis diagnosis, 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET performed at PET/MRI and PET/CT and 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET detected 94%, 94% and 94% of lesions, respectively, and outperformed MRI and CE‐CT alone (P < 0.001). For bone metastasis imaging, 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET performed at PET/MRI and PET/CT and 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET performed equally well (P = 0.05) and better than MRI. Reader's confidence was better for 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/MRI and 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET/MRI than for 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT. The tumour maximum standardised uptake value and tumour‐to‐liver ratio were both approximately twice as high as for 68Ga‐DOTATOC than for 11C‐5‐HTP. 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/MRI and 11C‐5‐HTP‐PET/MRI provided the highest detection rates and reader's confidence and were both superior to 68Ga‐DOTATOC‐PET/CT, mainly because of the MRI component. The imaging contrast with 68Ga‐DOTATOC was superior to that of 11C‐5‐HTP.
Korean red ginseng induces extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways inMCF‐7 breast cancer cells andMCF‐10Anon‐malignant breast cells
Authors: Kim Hye In , Lee Inha , Jung Yeon Soo , Chon Seung Joo , Yun Bo Hyon , Seo Seok Kyo
Published: May 2021

Background

Among non‐hormonal treatments, herbal products are frequently used by women. Korean red ginseng (KRG) is one of the popular herbal medicines. KRG could be one option for relieving menopausal symptoms. However, there are still concerns about the safety for long‐term use. In order to be used for alleviating menopausal symptoms, the safety of KRG on breast must be ensured. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of KRG on breast cells.

Methods

MCF‐7 and MCF‐10A cells were treated with different concentrations of KRG extracts for 48 h. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, and apoptosis by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis‐related proteins was determined by western blot analysis and estrogen receptor (ER) affinity by ER binding assay.

Results

KRG extract inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of both MCF‐7 and MCF‐10A cells in dose‐dependent manner. KRG extract increased the expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins BAX, BAK, and BAD and decreased the expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL in both cells. The expressions of Fas and FasL were increased in lower doses, but decreased in higher doses in both cells. Activities of caspase‐3, ‐8 and ‐9 increased in MCF‐10A, while caspase‐8 and ‐9 showed increase in MCF‐7. Competition of KRG to E2was significant in MCF‐7 as KRG dose increased, whereas ER binding was hardly shown in MCF‐10.

Conclusion

KRG induced apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic pathway in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and MCF‐10A non‐malignant cells. KRG may be safely used with regard to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women to reduce the vasomotor symptoms.
Toxigenic Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) affects the population growth of two common green microalgae: Evidence of other allelopathic metabolites different to cyanotoxins
Authors: Hernández‐Zamora Miriam , Santiago‐Martínez Elisa , Martínez‐Jerónimo Fernando
Published: May 2021

Agriculture runoffs and discharge of wastewaters are the major causes of eutrophication. Although eutrophication could promote the thriving of any phytoplankter, harmful algal blooms (HABs) are dominated frequently by cyanobacteria. Currently, HABs dominated by the toxigenic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in lakes and reservoirs are the main environmental concerns worldwide. This study aimed to determine how M. aeruginosa (Ma) modifies the population growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Ps) and Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Af). Growth kinetics were determined for each species and in the combinations: Ps–Ma, Af–Ma, Af–Ps, and Ps–Af–Ma. At the end of experiments, photosynthetic pigments, phycobiliproteins, and microcystins were quantified. A logistic equation significantly described the growth trend for all of the tested species, enabling the identification of negative effects on early stages in the population growth of co‐cultures with the cyanobacterium; in addition, the interaction effects on the growth rate and in the maximum attainable population density were determined. The biomasses of A. falcatus and P. subcapitata were significantly higher when cultured individually than in all of the combinations with the cyanobacterium. The concentrations of chlorophyll a and b, as well as carotenoids, were lower in combined cultures, but phycobiliprotein content in the cultures with M. aeruginosa was not significantly affected. Microcystis aeruginosa negatively affected the growth of the microalgae, but A. falcatus was significantly more inhibited than P. subcapitata; however, microcystin concentrations were significantly reduced in the co‐cultures with microalgae. These results could help to explain the displacements of microalgae when cyanobacteria are present, giving rise to cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic freshwaters.
Pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination influences anaesthetic protocol in dogs undergoing general anaesthesia and sedation
Authors: Louro L. F. , Maddox T. , Robson K. , Alderson B.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Identify whether pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination influences anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol in dogs presented for general anaesthesia and sedation at a large referral hospital.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective clinical audit, 554 dogs, undergoing general anaesthesia or sedation for surgical, diagnostic or imaging procedures were included. Multiple attending anaesthetists completed a questionnaire divided into four sections (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol, pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination findings and changes made to the anaesthetic protocol). The attending anaesthetist was able to review the patient's history before planning the anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol. The patients were examined and changes in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification or anaesthetic protocol were recorded.

Results

The initial anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol was altered in 23.3% (n=129/554) of cases following a pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination, but American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status reclassification occurred in only 8.0% (n=37/464) of cases. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination performed by European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia diplomates (odds ratio 5.8, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 17.2), compared to anaesthesia interns, and the presence of an audible heart murmur (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.4) were factors linked to changes in anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol, whereas for each one kilogram increase in patient's weight, the odds of a change in anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol to occur decreased by 1.7% (odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.0).

Clinical Significance

Pre‐anaesthetic clinical examination has impact on American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, therefore estimation of patient's anaesthetic risk, and influences anaesthetic and analgesic agents and techniques protocol choice.
Retrospective study of gross and histopathologic lesions associated with closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs
Authors: Quesada J. , Londoño L. , Buckley G. J. , Dark M. J. , Colee J. C. , Farina L. L.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To investigate and characterise the incidence of iatrogenic complications secondary to closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs.

Materials and Methods

Necropsy reports and histologic sections of tissues were retrospectively examined from 180 dogs that had received closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation to determine lesions associated with resuscitation.

Results

The most common complication was pulmonary haemorrhage (81/163, 49.7%, 95% confidence interval: 42.1 to 57.3), although only nine dogs had pulmonary haemorrhage of at least moderate severity. Liver fractures occurred in 16 of 180 cases (8.9%, 95% confidence interval: 5.5 to 14.0). Blood loss of >15% of blood volume into the abdomen and/or thorax occurred in 13 of 180 cases (7.2%, 95% confidence interval: 4.2 to 12.1).

Clinical Significance

Significant haemorrhage secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation may decrease the chances of achieving the return of spontaneous circulation or may cause or compound ischemic damage to critical organs if the return of spontaneous circulation is achieved. Following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, animals should be screened for cavitary or pulmonary haemorrhage, as significant haemorrhage could be a factor in recurrence of cardiac arrest.
Natural resource abundance, nonresource taxation, and corruption: An illustration from developing Latin American countries
Authors: Lee Seungho , Kim Chong‐Sup
Published: May 2021

Why is corruption so prevalent in the majority of developing Latin American countries? While there are several forces driving it, this article focuses on its links to natural‐resource endowment. We present empirical evidence based on a panel dataset of 103 developing countries from 1996 to 2016, suggesting that there is an overall positive relationship between natural‐resource abundance and corruption. What, then, explains the divergent performances of resource‐rich developing economies in the region in terms of corruption? We argue that the workings of a social contract mechanism between the state and citizens mediate the resource–corruption relationship. This article identifies the ability of the state to tax the nonresource sector as a crucial component of such a mechanism, through which the unfavorable effects of natural‐resource abundance on corruption can be alleviated to a certain extent. Finally, our country studies suggest that the direct components of nonresource tax revenues do more to condition the resource–corruption linkage than the indirect components.
Adolescent birth and child undernutrition: an analysis of demographic and health surveys in Bangladesh, 1996–2017
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Hong , Scott Samuel , Khuong Long Quynh , Pramanik Priyanjana , Ahmed Akhter , Rashid Sabina Faiz , Afsana Kaosar , Menon Purnima
Published: May 2021

Adolescent birth is a major global concern owing to its adverse effects on maternal and child health. We assessed trends in adolescent birth and examined its associations with child undernutrition in Bangladesh using data from seven rounds of Demographic and Health Surveys (1996–2017, n = 12,006 primiparous women with living children <5 years old). Adolescent birth (10–19 years old) declined slowly, from 84% in 1996 to 71% in 2017. Compared with adult mothers (≥20 years old), young adolescent mothers (10–15 years old) were more likely to be underweight (+11 pp), have lower education (−24 pp), have less decision‐making power (−10 pp), live in poorer households (−0.9 SD) with poorer sanitation (−15 pp), and have poorer feeding practices (10 pp), and were less likely to access health and nutrition services (−3 to −24 pp). In multivariable regressions controlled for known determinants of child undernutrition, children born to adolescents had lower height‐for‐age Z‐scores (−0.29 SD for young and −0.10 SD for old adolescents (16–19 years old)), weight‐for‐age Z‐score (−0.18 and −0.06 SD, respectively) as well as higher stunting (5.9 pp) and underweight (6.0 pp) than those born to adults. In conclusion, birth during adolescence, a common occurrence in Bangladesh, is associated with child undernutrition. Policies and programs to address poverty and improve women's education can help delay marriage, reduce early childbearing, and improve child growth.
Influence of the practice of sports, sleep disorders, and habits on probable sleep bruxism in children with mixed dentition
Authors: Leal Tiago Ribeiro , de Lima Larissa Chaves Morais , Perazzo Matheus França , Neves Érick Tássio Barbosa , Paiva Saul Martins , Serra‐Negra Júnia Maria Cheib , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia
Published: May 2021

Objective

Investigate the association between sleep disorders and probable sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren in Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the sleep disturbance scale for children, and the Circadian Energy Scale. Parafunctional habits were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test‐Screening. Multivariate logistic regression was performed (α = 5%), and a directed acyclic graph was used in the statistical model.

Results

The prevalence of probable SB was 9.1% and 58.6% of the children had sleep disorders. In the final model, having unmarried parents/guardians (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.07–3.65), exhibiting parafunctional habits (OR = 2.02; CI: 1.01–4.06), not practicing sports (OR = 1.92; CI: 1.04–3.54), sleep‐wake transition disorders (SWTD) (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.12–3.62), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (OR = 2.17; 95%CI: 1.11–4.29) were significant associated with probable SB.

Conclusion

The occurrence of probable sleep bruxism was influenced by the marital status of the parents/guardians, parafunctional habits, the non‐practice of sports, and sleep disturbance (SWTD and EDS). This research contributes to the planning of public policies that include educational regimens at school to prevent sleep disorders and favor the reduction in sleep bruxism prevalence.
When less is more: The perception of psychotherapy techniques as a function of patient personality disorder
Authors: Lipsitz‐Odess Ilana , Fisher Hadar , Kartaginer Ori , Leibovich Liat , Zilcha‐Mano Sigal
Published: May 2021

Objective

Psychopathology research suggests that individuals with higher levels of personality disorder (PD) traits, especially those with a comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD), tend to be highly aroused in interpersonal contexts, manifested by an intensified perception of interpersonal interactions. Little is known about the way this tendency manifests in the process of psychotherapy. The current study explored the patient's perception of techniques in psychotherapy among patients with higher vs. lower levels of PD, as well as the patient–therapist agreement on techniques used.

Design

The study used an integration of qualitative and quantitative methodology on data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for the treatment of depression.

Method

Sixty‐nine patients with MDD participated in the study and were evaluated for PD symptoms prior to treatment. A set of multilevel analyses were conducted to assess the association between PD and perception of techniques, as well as a zoom‐in exploration within a case study.

Results

Patients with higher levels of PD reported more techniques implemented by the therapist than patients with lower levels. In addition, the agreement between patient and therapist on techniques was lower, such that patients with PDs reported more techniques than their therapist. The case study supported these findings and illustrates the potential for patients with PDs to perceive a greater use of techniques as a sign of therapist investment.

Conclusion

Consistent with psychopathology research, the findings suggest that patients with PDs tend to experience techniques as more intense than the therapist, in comparison with patients without PD.

Practitioner points

There are indications that patients with higher levels of personality disorder traits will tend to experience the techniques in psychotherapy in a more intense manner than patients with lower level personality disorder traits.

It is likely that patients with higher levels of personality disorder traits will experience their therapists as more active than therapists think they are.

Therapists of patients with higher levels of personality disorders should be sensitive of each of their patients’ experiences.

As the case study demonstrated at least in some cases patients with higher levels of personality disorder may experience the techniques in an intense manner as a sign of therapist investment, however, other patients may experience this differently. Therefore, it is crucial for the therapist to be aware of how the patient experienced the encounter – investment or intrusiveness.
Platelets inhibit erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum at physiological platelet:erythrocyte ratios
Authors: Jongruamklang Philaiphon , Rebetz Johan , Kapur Rick , Persson Kristina E. M. , Olsson Martin L. , Semple John W. , Storry Jill R.
Published: May 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effect of platelet:erythrocyte (P:E) ratios on Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte invasion.

Background

Recent reports have shown that platelets are directly involved in the immune response towards P. falciparum during erythrocyte invasion. However, the literature both supports and conflicts with a role for platelets in limiting invasion. Also, the effect of platelet numbers on invasion (parasitemia) has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods/materials

The P. falciparum strains FCR3S1.2 and W2mef were cultured with group O erythrocytes. The cultures were synchronised and supplemented with pooled platelets at P:E ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:2. Parasitemia was measured at 40 h by flow cytometry and by microscopy of blood smears.

Results

A linear relationship was observed between reduced invasion and increased platelet numbers at P:E ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:20. However, this effect was reversed at lower ratios (1:10–1:2). Microscopic evaluation revealed aggregation and attachment of platelets to erythrocytes, but not specifically to parasitised erythrocytes.

Conclusion

We have shown that under physiological P:E ratios (approx. 1:10–1:40), platelets inhibited P. falciparum invasion in a dose‐dependent manner. At ratios of 1:10 and below, platelets did not further increase the inhibitory effect and, although the trend was reversed, inhibition was still maintained.
Conversion factors to derive organ doses for canine subjects undergoing CT examinations
Authors: Yoon James , Lee Choonsik
Published: May 2021

Although a large number of CT scans are being conducted on small animals, especially in Western countries, little is known of absorbed dose from veterinary CT scans. In the current retrospective analytical study, we estimated the radiation dose delivered to dogs from CT scans with various scan protocols and compared the results with those of human patients. We adopted a total of three computerized canine models with three sizes combined with a computer simulation model of a CT scanner. The eyes of the dog model received the greatest dose, 1.10 mGy/mGy, in the head scan, followed by a brain dose of 0.85 mGy/mGy. In the chest, abdomen‐pelvis (AP), chest‐abdomen‐pelvis, and head‐chest‐abdomen‐pelvis scans, the heart wall (0.93 mGy/mGy), ovaries (0.99 mGy/mGy), lungs (1.12 mGy/mGy), and thyroid (1.23 mGy/mGy) received the greatest organ doses, respectively. The smallest dog model received up to 1.4‐fold greater organ doses than the largest dog in both the chest and AP scans. Overall, the medium‐size canine model received organ doses comparable to those of the 1‐year‐old child model in the head scan, the 5‐year‐old child in chest scan, and the 10‐year‐old child in AP scan. The organ dose conversion factors derived from this study should help evaluate absorbed dose for canine patients undergoing CT exams.
The “quality” of JBI qualitative research synthesis: a methodological investigation into the adherence of meta-aggregative systematic reviews to reporting standards and methodological guidance
Authors: Munn Zachary , Dias Mafalda , Tufanaru Catalin , Porritt Kylie , Stern Cindy , Jordan Zoe , Aromataris Edoardo , Pearson Alan
Published: May 2021

Introduction:

Approaches to the synthesis of qualitative research have existed for more than 20 years and have evolved significantly during that time. One common approach is meta-aggregation, as advocated by JBI. There is now a considerable number of published reviews that claim to follow the JBI approach to meta-aggregation. This methodological review sought to determine the extent to which a selection of these reviews follow the available guidance, with a view to establishing compliance and identifying potential areas for improvement.

Methods:

The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports (JBISRIR) was searched from 2015 to 2017 to identify all qualitative systematic reviews following the JBI approach. Citations were screened by two independent reviewers, and data extraction was conducted independently by at least two reviewers. Eligible reviews were then assessed against the JBI methodological guidance and ENTREQ statement to determine compliance.

Results:

From the search, 33 health care–related reviews that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Several areas were identified where reviewers consistently made errors or did not clearly report their findings, including study screening and selection issues (particularly how this was done and by whom), transparent rationale for study exclusion, who performed data extraction and how, processes for developing synthesized findings, and the development and presentation of recommendations.

Conclusion:

Although qualitative synthesis has come a long way, there are still some areas for improvement in conduct and reporting. This has implications for those who develop guidance and provide education to systematic reviewers.
Single Nodal Diameter Excitation of Turbine Blades: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Panning-von Scheidt Lars , Wallaschek Jörg
Published: May 2021

Validating simulation results of vibrating turbine blades relies on measurements of realistic or academic cyclic structures on special test rigs. In real operation the blades are excited mainly by aerodynamic forces. For measurements of blade vibration on special test rigs, the excitation should be well known. It is desirable to use excitation spectra that consist of only a few engine order excitations. Especially for nonlinear systems, unwanted excitation orders can possibly lead to nonlinear effects which may interfere with the measurement. To separate different engine orders, an innovative electromagnetic excitation device was developed at the institution to overcome the aforementioned problems. The excitation force spectrum is controlled by a variable air gap over the circumference between device and blade. Any desired engine order excitation can be realized. Additionally, by varying the devices coil current in a harmonic fashion, frequency sweeps at constant speed can be performed. In this paper an extensive study of the excitation force spectrum of the device is conducted. Therefore, theoretical investigations of the expectable spectrum are given under simultaneous variation of air gap geometry and excitation current. These predictions are then validated by experiments featuring a small, academic bladed disk. The vibrations of the blades are measured. The device promises to create well predictable and controllable excitation force spectra which will improve the validation strategy in particular of non-linear simulation tools for the prediction of turbine blade vibrations.
Time-Resolved Endoscopic Evaluation of Spatial Temperature and Soot Distribution in a Butanol-Diesel Blend Fueled Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Jiotode Yeshudas , Sharma Nikhil
Published: May 2021

In situ spatial soot and temperature distributions were investigated experimentally for B20 (20% v/v butanol and balance mineral diesel blend) vis-a-vis mineral diesel using endoscopic visualization technique. Endoscope captured the in-cylinder combustion images in a production-grade direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine at varying engine operating conditions. A comparative combustion data analysis using pressure-crank angle history and the captured endoscopic images was performed. An attempt was made to correlate the results of these two experimental investigations. Combustion duration (CD) obtained from the endoscopic images was relatively longer than the CD calculated from the thermodynamic analysis. Most research on soot and NOx emitted from the engine using a raw exhaust gas emission analyzer provides bulk, time-averaged, and cycle-averaged information about the pollutant formation. This investigation is unique wherein the spatial or time-resolved soot and NOx formation (Via spatial temperature distribution) are evaluated. The findings of this study support the research finding available in the open literature using an emission analyzer. This study and the technique therein on the deployment of engine endoscopy as an emerging optical technique is potentially useful to original automotive manufacturers (OEMs) in designing more efficient engines, capable of meeting upcoming stringent emission norms.
Surface Temperature Mapping of a Metal Plate Using Ultrasound-Guided Wave Technique
Authors: Sahu Guru Prakash , Raja Nishanth , Balasubramaniam Krishnan
Published: May 2021

Surface temperature mapping is crucial for the monitoring and control of an object of interest, such as furnace, reactor pipes carrying hot fluids, or a component under a temperature-dependent process. While the use of waveguides for temperature measurement is well documented in literature, the attachment of the waveguide to a metallic component poses challenges. These include the relationship between the local waveguide temperature and that of the metal component, and wave leakage into the component. In this paper, the authors study the propagation of shear horizontal (SH) guided wave in a strip waveguide and its interaction with the notch embodiments in the waveguide. The effects of the type of notch and its depth on the SH mode characteristics are investigated through simulation studies. The mode of attachment of the waveguide to the metal component is by means a slot made in the component. The area of contact between the waveguide and metal component is optimized such that there is minimum wave leakage into the bulk material. Based on the simulation results, a waveguide strip is fabricated and used to monitor the local surface temperature of a test metal component. The waveguide is calibrated by correlating the time of flight (ToF) shift in the waveforms against reference temperature values. Thereafter, the instantaneous temperature of the metal component is determined from the calibration equations. A set of experimental trials are performed to check for repeatability. The experiments are conducted in near steady-state conditions for better accuracy in the measurements.
A Kriging-Based Magnetic Flux Leakage Method for Fast Defect Detection in Massive Pipelines
Authors: Mukherjee Subrata , Huang Xuhui , Udpa Lalita , Deng Yiming
Published: May 2021

Systems in service continue to degrade with the passage of time. Pipelines are among the most common systems that wear away with usage. For public safety, it is of utmost importance to monitor pipelines. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a widely used nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique for defect detections within the pipelines, particularly those composed of ferromagnetic materials. Pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) procedure based on line scans can collect accurate MFL readings for defect detection. However, in real world, applications involving large pipe sectors such as extensive scanning techniques are extremely time consuming and costly. In this article, we develop a fast and cheap methodology that does not need MFL readings at all the points used in traditional PIG procedures but conducts defect detection with similar accuracy. We consider an under-sampling based scheme that collects MFL at uniformly chosen random scan points over large lattices instead of extensive PIG scans over all lattice points. On the basis of readings from the chosen random scan points, we use kriging to reconstruct MFL readings. Thereafter, we use thresholding-based segmentation on the reconstructed data for detecting defective areas. We demonstrate the applicability of our methodology on synthetic data generated using finite element models and on MFL data collected via laboratory experiments. In these experiments, spanning a wide range of defect types, our proposed novel MFL-based NDE methodology is witnessed to have operating characteristics within the acceptable threshold of PIG-based traditional methods and thus provide an extremely cost-effective, fast procedure with competing error rates.
Free Vibration of Rubber Matrix Cord-Reinforced Combined Shells of Revolution Under Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Gao Hua , Shuai Changgeng , Ma Jianguo , Xu Guomin
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the free vibration of rubber matrix cord-reinforced combined shells of revolution under hydrostatic pressure is investigated by the precise transfer matrix method. Under hydrostatic pressure, deformation and stress are generated in the rubber matrix composite shell. Based on the deformation characteristics of the rope structure, the deformation of the shell under hydrostatic pressure is analyzed. The stress of the shell under hydrostatic pressure is included in the shell differential equation of motion in the form of pre-stress. Then considering the fluid-solid coupling boundary condition, the field transfer matrix of the fluid-filled spherical shell is obtained. By the continuous condition of the state vector of the shell and the transformation relationship of the coordinate system, the transfer matrices at the position of the ring-stiffener and the connection position of the cylindrical shell and spherical shell are derived, and then the whole free vibration equation of the fluid-filled combined shells of revolution is assembled, and the natural frequencies are obtained by the boundary conditions. Eventually, the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method are verified by the results of literature and simulation results. Effects of the structural parameters of the spherical shell, the distribution of the ring-stiffeners, and the hydrostatic pressure on the natural frequencies of the fluid-filled combined shells of revolution are also discussed. Results of this paper can provide reference data for future studies in the related field.
Restoring Walking Complexity in Older Adults Through Arm-in-Arm Walking: Were Almurad et al.’s (2018) Results an Artifact?
Authors: Ezzina Samar , Roume Clément , Pla Simon , Blain Hubert , Delignières Didier
Published: May 2021

The analysis of stride series revealed a loss of complexity in older people, which correlated with the falling propensity. A recent experiment evidenced an increase of walking complexity in older participants when they walked in close synchrony with a younger companion. Moreover, a prolonged experience of such synchronized walking yielded a persistent restoration of complexity. This result, however, was obtained with a unique healthy partner, and it could be related to a particular partner’s behavior. The authors’ aim was to replicate this important finding using a different healthy partner and to compare the results to those previously obtained. The authors successfully replicated the previous results: synchronization yielded an attraction of participants’ complexity toward that of their partner and a restoration of complexity that persisted in two posttests, 2 and 6 weeks after the end of the training sessions. This study shows that this complexity restoration protocol can be applied successfully with another partner, and allows us to conclude that it can be generalized.
Bimanual Coordination in a Whole-Body Dynamic Balance Sport, Slacklining: A Comparison of Novice and Expert
Authors: Kodama Kentaro , Yamagiwa Hideo , Yasuda Kazuhiro
Published: May 2021

As previous studies have suggested that bimanual coordination is important for slacklining, the authors questioned whether this important skill plays a role in the performance of a fundamental task of slacklining. To address this question, the authors compared single-leg standing on the slackline between novices and experts in terms of bimanual coordination dynamics within a dynamical systems framework using relative phase and recurrence quantification analysis measures. Five novices and five experts participated in the experiment. Participants were required to perform single-leg standing on a slackline. To collect motion data while slacklining, the authors used a 3D motion capture system and obtained time series data on the wrist position of both hands. The authors compared bimanual coordination dynamics between novices and experts. Although this preliminary study was limited in its sample size, the results suggest that experts tend to show a more antiphase coordination pattern than novices do and that they can more sustainably coordinate their hands compared with novices in terms of temporal structure in diagonal-related recurrence measures (i.e., maxline, mean line, and percentage determinism).
Associations Between Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk in Young Children
Authors: Vanderloo Leigh M. , Maguire Jonathan L. , Keown-Stoneman Charles D.G. , Parkin Patricia C. , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Tremblay Mark S. , Anderson Laura N. , Birken Catherine S. , _ _
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The authors aimed to examine the association between meeting the integrative movement behavior guidelines (physical activity, screen viewing, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in young children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, physical activity, screen viewing, and sleep were assessed using parent-reported data. The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (0–4 y) were defined as 180 minutes of physical activity/day (of which ≥60 min should be moderate-to-vigorous intensity), ≤1 hour of screen viewing/day, and 10 to 13 hours of sleep/night. Waist circumference, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure were measured in a clinical setting by trained staff. A total CMR score and individual CMR factors served as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Results: Of the 767 participants (3–4 y), 26.4% met none of the guideline’s recommendations, whereas 41.3%, 33.1%, and 10.6% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 recommendations, respectively. The number of recommendations met was not associated with the total CMR score or individual CMR factors (P > .05), with the exceptions of high-density lipoprotein (odds ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 2.33; P = .01). Conclusion: Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in early childhood was not associated with overall CMR, but was associated with favorable cholesterol outcomes.
Changes in plant-herbivore network structure and robustness along land-use intensity gradients in grasslands and forests
Authors: Neff Felix , Brändle Martin , Ambarlı Didem , Ammer Christian , Bauhus Jürgen , Boch Steffen , Hölzel Norbert , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Prati Daniel , Schall Peter , Schäfer Deborah , Schulze Ernst-Detlef , Seibold Sebastian , Simons Nadja K. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Pellissier Loïc , Gossner Martin M.
Published: May 2021

The structure of plant-insect feeding interactions begets network stability and depends on land use across 289 sites.
In-sensor reservoir computing for language learning via two-dimensional memristors
Authors: Sun Linfeng , Wang Zhongrui , Jiang Jinbao , Kim Yeji , Joo Bomin , Zheng Shoujun , Lee Seungyeon , Yu Woo Jong , Kong Bai-Sun , Yang Heejun
Published: May 2021

High dimensionality and fading memory for in-sensor reservoir computing are achieved via two-dimensional memristors.
Selective Janus kinase inhibition preserves interferon-λ–mediated antiviral responses
Authors: Schnepf Daniel , Crotta Stefania , Thamamongood Thiprampai , Stanifer Megan , Polcik Laura , Ohnemus Annette , Vier Juliane , Jakob Celia , Llorian Miriam , Gad Hans Henrik , Hartmann Rune , Strobl Birgit , Kirschnek Susanne , Boulant Steeve , Schwemmle Martin , Wack Andreas , Staeheli Peter
Published: May 2021

TYK2 is required for efficient IFN-α/β signaling but dispensable for IFN-λ–mediated antiviral protection in epithelial cells.