bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Peculiarities of Ethnographic Images on the Maps of Kamchatka Expeditions
Authors: Mzhelskaya Т. V.
Published: March 2022

Purpose. The article considers the peculiarities of the images of the representatives of peoples of Siberia on the ethnographic maps of the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions, taking place in the first half of the 18th century.Results. Maps are an important historical source, moreover not only the cartographic information is studied, but also other materials located on the map. Three versions of the final map of the First Kamchatka Expedition, as well as the Ethnographic Map of Siberia of the Second Kamchatka Expedition are a valuable source for research. They contain images of representatives of different peoples and scenes from their lives. A comparative analysis of the drawings of Yakut, Tungus (Evenks), Koryak, Kuril, Chukchi, Kamchadal (Itelmen) was carried out, the features of images of clothing and objects were revealed, and ethnographic analogies were attracted. So, gradually, on different maps a fur coat on Yakut loses its fur trim, the bow becomes a crooked stick with a rope. On later maps, frames appear around the images, the number of representatives of the Siberian peoples increases.The maps are made by different mapmakers. The first of them was created in St. Petersburg, sketches made during the work of the First Kamchatka expedition were copied on it. Local mapmakers did not quite understand what they were depicting and, therefore, already at this stage there is a loss of part of the ethnographic meaning. The rest of the maps were already copied from the first one, so there is a further loss of ethnographic specificity, simplification of the pictures.The sequence of implementation of the maps was determined by increasing the number of images, the appearance of frames around them, and their gradual simplification. The earliest version of the final map of the First Kamchatka Expedition shows the summer camp of the Kamchadals under the cartouche. This is the most complete image, on the other sources only individual elements of this sketch were drawn. The ethnographic map of Siberia of the Second Kamchatka Expedition is the most complete in both cartographic and ethnographic contexts. But the greatest losses of the ethnographic specificity of the Siberian peoples are observed on it.Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, the sequence of compiling versions of the final map of the First Kamchatka expedition (ethnographic version) was determined. The variant of the drawings of representatives of peoples when compiling the ethnographic map of Siberia of the Second Kamchatka expedition is revealed. A gradual partial loss of ethnographic information occurred when copying maps by different mapmakers who did not quite understand what they were depicting.
Use-Wear Analysis of the Stone and Bone Industry of Kostenki-9 Site (Based on Material of 2006–2007 Field Research)
Authors: Rodionov A. M. , Tolstykh D. S.
Published: March 2022

Purpose. The article discusses the results of a use-wear analysis of artifacts from the Kostenki 9 site (Biriutchii log). The site is located in the Middle Don River valley on the southwest of the Russian Plain. Kostenki 9 is related to the group of Paleolithic sites in the Kostenki-Borshchevo locality. Our investigation indicates that paleoeconomy of the local inhabitants was based on the strategies of high specialization.Results. The authors highlight the main types of stone implements and the main technological methods of production. The inhabitants of the site mainly used chalk flint. Knapping technique is prismatic, the main type of workpiece is a blade. For the secondary processing of blanks, site's inhabitants most often used steep and semi-steep dull retouching. Less commonly, flat unilateral or bilateral, marginal, deeply protruding onto the blade’s dorsal surface. On the basis of use-wear analysis, as well as some experiments, the authors came to the following conclusion: the stone industry of the site has Gravettian features. However, it does not have pronounced diagnostic forms.Conclusion. The primary type of activity revealed at the Kostenki 9 site is butchering of animal carcasses. Studied use-wear traces on the stone inventory support this conclusion. The second activity represents wood processing. The ancient inhabitants of the Kostenki 9 made the wooden shafts for the darts and spears. Analysis of bone implements revealed several exciting traits. Inhabitants possessed all the basic techniques of bone processing: making grooves and cutting along the circumference. The collection does not include any tools that can be interpreted as hunting bone weapons. This thesis confirms the assumption that the inhabitants of the Kostenki 9 site used wood for tool-making, while the bones and ivory were kept for production of non-utilitarian objects. The cultural identity of the assemblage raises questions. The closest are lithic collections from the Gravettian sites Borshchevo 5 and Kostenki 8.
Bone Artifacts of the Middle and Late Bronze Age from the Settlement Zharkovo-3 (Steppe Altai)
Authors: Valkov I. A. , Papin D. V. , Fedoruk A. S.
Published: March 2022

Purpose. The settlement of Zharkovo-3 is of different archaeological periods and contains materials from the Middle and Late Bronze Age. This site is important for studying the bone industry of the Bronze Age of steppe Altai, since, as a result of its excavations, a representative collection of bone tools and products was obtained. Among the main tasks of the study was not only to clarify the technological features of the manufacture and functional purpose of objects, but also to link them to specific cultural and chronological complexes.Results. A comprehensive study of bone artifacts has shown that objects of the developed Bronze Age are tools of leatherworking. Most of these are tools from the jaws of cattle, which were used to kneading the skin. For the Late Bronze Age, various types of products are characteristic: “tupiki” (blunt knives for kneading skins), scrapers, spatulas, needle holders, dart points, skates, etc. The raw material variety of tools for kneading skins made from the jaws of cattle, horses and sheep is of interest.Conclusion. In the materials of the settlement of Zharkovo-3 we find various strategies for the use of bone raw materials. The overwhelming majority of products can be attributed to natural and partial modifications, during the manufacture of which the natural form of the bone is preserved in whole or in part. In the studied collection of bone objects, leatherworking tools clearly predominate. This situation is typical for the sites of the Bronze Age of the steppe and forest-steppe belts of Eurasia.
Experimental Ceramics Firing in Archaeology: Current Studies
Authors: Zhushchikhovskaya I. S.
Published: March 2022

Purpose. The article presents a survey of current tendencies in experimental ceramics firing. This research method is used for studying and explaining archaeological information concerning firing technique and technology in the past.Results. Experimental ceramics firing is considered as an interdisciplinary method involving cognitive, informational and analytical opportunities of archaeology, ethnography, and natural sciences. Archaeological contexts submit certain tasks of experimental firing in each case of study. These tasks interconnected within frames of experimental projects are: 1 – reconstruction of firing devices and their working processes based upon archaeological remains; 2 – examination of technical and technological potentials of different types of firing devices; 3 – examination of ceramic pastes thermic behavior for the identification of archaeological potteries firing qualities; 4 – reconstruction of specific firing technologies (for example, “smudging”). Simple firing devices exploited in traditional pots-making and modeling in the experiments are a bonfire, pit, one-chambered and primitive two-chamber kiln. Ceramics firing is considered as three-staged process. Preparing, essential and final stages have their specific technological features. Most important features of the essential stage providing crucial transformation of clay matter are thermal and atmosphere profiles. In general, ceramics firing is a complicated process involving different factors and conditions.Conclusion. Experimental firing researches combined with traditional firings observations show that characteristics and properties of archaeological ceramics even determined analytically do not always provide sure information for judgments about type of firing device and thermal regimes. Our interpretations of archaeological evidence of ceramics firing have to be more flexible and variable.
Location of Tatars’ Settlements on the Irtysh Right Bank (According to Cartographical Documents of the 18th Century)
Authors: Tikhomirov K. N. , Tikhomirova M. N.
Published: March 2022

For the first time, data was published on the location of settlements of Tatar Tara Group, on the right bank of the Irtysh River at the end of the 18th century in the territory of the modern Omsk region. This data is on previously rarely used cartographic sources (“Tabula exhibens cursum fluvii Irtisch ab Omskaja Krepost usque ad Tobolsk” 1780, Tara District 1784 and 1798). Other sources from this period were used to verify the findings (Dozornaya kniga Tarskogo uyezda, travel descriptions of Miller, etc.).Purpose. The purpose of this work will be the publication of rarely used cartographic data, their analysis for the localization of settlements of the Turkic-speaking population of the right bank of the Irtysh River in the 18th century.Results. As a result of the data analysis, information was obtained that would help to discover the remains of these objects, find out the settlement system, the features of the life support system of the system and the ethno-cultural history of the population of this region.Conclusion. Map data and written sources of the 18th century indicate that most of the settlements of the Tara Tatars at that time were located in the southern taiga zone in the coastal areas of the right bank of the Irtysh River. Their detection and research will lead to the elucidation of many processes of ethnocultural genesis of the population of Western Siberia.
Problems and Perspectives of Economic “Integration” of the Russian Federation and South Korea in the ADZ of Far East
Authors: Shmakova A. S.
Published: March 2022

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Advanced development zone’s (ADZ) initiative in the context of the economic integration of the Russian Federation and South Korea. The author of the article, relying on an extensive source base, for the first time attempts to answer the question of what factors impede the successful implementation of projects by the two countries within the framework of the ADZ initiative.The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the main problems and prospects for cooperation between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation in ASEZs.The study was carried out within the framework of an integrated approach using the SCAN Interfax media environment analysis system as one of the main forecasting tools. At the same time, the author draws on statistical data reflecting the state of export-import, trade turnover between the two countries over the past five years.The analysis of the source made it possible to determine that despite the huge interest of South Korean business in the emerging markets of the Russian Federation, due to the complicated administrative procedures, the fundamental difference in the procedure for investing in high-tech and commercial production, lack of trust in the Russian system of economic planning, insufficient study of ways of doing business with South Korean companies with On the part of Russian Far Eastern specialists, the project could not be implemented as planned.
Shame and Normative Expectations about Reading in Perception of Scientific Workers
Authors: Zhesko E. M. , Chudova I. А.
Published: March 2022

The article attempts to consider emotional perception and normative orientation in reading with an emphasis on such emotions as shame. Reading is a significant part of the daily lives of researchers, and obviously there are a number of social norms around and about reading. In the course of the research, an assumption was made that the normative expectations relevant to the reader are able to create a ground for experiencing shame. Phenomenological analysis of interviews and focus group materials with researchers allowed us to identify reasons for shame about professional and leisure reading in relation to regulatory constraints, some explanations of this experience, as well as related features of motivation to read. The experience of shame in relation to reading comes from the perception of the researcher himself in the modification of reading and the corresponding normative expectations – so, the manifestation of shame was recorded in discussions about both work and leisure reading. It turned out that reading both scientific and leisure literature is perceived by researchers as their status duty, in this regard, its "inadequacy" becomes a key reason for experiencing shame.
The Analysis of Commuting Migrations within the Urban Agglomeration: Sociological Surveys and Big Data
Authors: Dyachkova P. A. , Mosienko N. L.
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of a study of commuting migrations of the Novosibirsk urban agglomeration residents. The research information base includes big data (on the trajectories of population movements using geoinformation systems, on the localization of activity in mobile networks, on car traffic) and data from a mass survey of Novosibirsk region residents, conducted in July 2019 (the method of collecting information is a structured telephone interview). The general trends in the development of urban agglomeration, the boundaries and structure of the agglomeration area in the first approximation have been determined, using aggregated and visualized big data. Mass survey data analysis allowed assess the commuting migration according to the following parameters: regularity, frequency, goals, duration of trips, type of transport used, and direction. The article describes the characteristics differentiation of commuting movements taking assessments of socio-economic conditions into account.
Assessing the Impact of Income Inequality on the Growth of National Economies: Bayesian Approach
Authors: Nussupov A. I. , Baizakov N. А. , Shymyrbek D. B.
Published: March 2022

The article assesses the relationship between income inequality and economic growth rates. We believe that such an assessment will help to define the prerequisites and conditions for the transition of economic growth rates into qualitative determinants. In the study we consider the net national income as an indicator of economic growth. The novelty of the study is in the use of the Bayesian approach in order to assess the interdependence of inequality in countries with different income levels and their economic growth rates. The assessment tool is the original Bayesian econometric model with variation of probable determinants. In the context of the study, the Bayesian approach reflects the interaction between the growth rates of net national income and inequality indicators for different income groups of countries in accordance with the World Bank classification. Empirical analysis of 164 countries data show a positive relation for low-income countries
Appraising Inflation Expectations in Russia in the Period of 2015–2020
Authors: Somova I. A. , Shilov V. S.
Published: March 2022

The paper reviews techniques for measuring inflation expectations in Russia in the period from 2015 to 2020. In the tree methods under review, which comprise adaptive expectations, stock exchange indicators, and sociological surveys of the Bank of Russia, the authors found both common and distinguishing features. All the reviewed methods demonstrated that inflation expectations remain high in Russia despite the relatively stable rates of the last few years on the level of 4–5 %. When estimated by the adaptive method in 2015–2020, the inflation expectations stayed between 0.5 and 6.2 %. The adaptive expectations allow a simplified approach to estimation as they depend on the level of the previous period’s inflation and do not react to economic shocks in the short term. The method of stock exchange indicators estimated the inflation expectations dynamics from 2.5 up to 8.6 %. Thanks to the opportunity of daily monitoring inflation expectations, this method is better at analyzing factors that impact the sentiments of market agents. A comparative analysis of approaches to estimating inflation expectations revealed that expectations according to sociological surveys of the Bank of Russia happened to surpass the actual inflation. In the period 2015–2020 the level of inflation expectations varied between 8 and 17 %, which is much higher than Russia’s inflation level.l.
Rhinophyma: patient management
Authors: Drozhdina Marianna B. , Bobro Varvara A.
Published: March 2022

Rhinophyma is a rare subtype of rosacea, which is a thickening of the skin in the nasal area due to an overgrowth of the sebaceous glands and the underlying connective tissue. The exact pathogenesis of rhinophyma is unknown, but potential factors include a combination of neurovascular disorders, innate immune responses, and the presence of microorganisms. The article presents current data on the treatment of rosacea, in particular, rhinophyma. A clinical case of a 67-year-old patient with a combination of papulo-pustular subtype of rosacea and rhinophyma is presented. The high effectiveness of the therapy with systemic isotretinoin was demonstrated.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of Postacnetin gel in the therapy of the postacne symptom complex using the device ANTERA 3D
Authors: Skrylova Ksenya A. , Khardikova Svetlana A. , Portnyagina Natalya E.
Published: March 2022

Background. The postacne symptom complex occurs in the outcome of vulgar acne in 40% of cases. Recently, there has been a tendency to grow up acne. Currently, there are many methods in the arsenal of a dermatologist and a cosmetologist for correcting post-acne elements, but most of the procedures for correcting postacne elements have age restrictions, some of the procedures are accompanied by severe pain and the presence of a rehabilitation period, and the economic component of these procedures is also of great importance. Therefore, for the treatment of the post-acne symptom complex, there should be methods that are highly effective and accessible to patients. In most cases, the assessment of the clinical effectiveness of treatment is subjective, both for the doctor and for the patient. Photo documentation is also not in all cases a reliable way to represent the quality and effectiveness of treatment. Consequently, the use of hardware methods for quantifying the severity of disease indicators to confirm the effectiveness of treatment increases the patient's compliance.
Aims. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Postacnetin gel in the treatment of postacne symptom complex, using the ANTERA 3D device.
Materials and methods. 12 patients aged 18 to 28 years with the presence of postacne symptoms were under observation. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Dermatovenereology of SibSMU and the medical center Estetik in Tomsk. During the entire study period, patients applied Postacnetin gel to one half of the face. Treatment regimen: Postaknetin gel was applied in a thin layer, point-by-point on the postakne elements 2 times a day. The duration of treatment was 28 days. To assess the clinical effectiveness, photo documentation, three-dimensional analysis of the skin surface on the ANTERA 3D device and statistical analysis were performed.
Results. The average level of redness in 12 patients on the side of using Postacnetin gel before the study was 117.200 0.424, 1 month after using the gel, there was a significant decrease in the level of the indicator to 95.900 0.849 (р 0.05). The average value of the pigmentation level before using the Postacnetin gel and 1 month after use was 56.950 0.919 and 46.600 0.424, respectively (р 0.05). This indicates a significant decrease in the level of pigmentation. The average value of the volume index before the study was 9.350 0.212, after 28 days the volume index decreased to 6.750 0.071, respectively (р 0.05).
Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, it was established with the help of the ANTERA 3D device that the use of Postacne gel for 28 days leads to a regression of the indicators of postacne elements.
Linear IGA-dependent bullous dermatosis in a 2-year-old child
Authors: Karacheva Yuliya V. , Ruksha Tatiana G. , Naumova Anna S. , Motorina Anna V.
Published: March 2022

Linear IgA-dependent bullous dermatosis is a rare subepidermal bladderworm disease that occurs in both adults and children. The pathogenesis of the disease, regardless of age, is the same, where the basis is the autoimmune response to antigens of the basal membrane zones of the skin, the clinical picture in childhood differs from the manifestations at an older age, having a clear picture and localization of manifestations. The causes of the onset of the disease in older people are most often associated with taking medications, manifested as a side effect of the therapy being taken, cancer, and in children, both an acquired character and a genetic predisposition are responsible for the manifestation of linear IgA-dependent bullous dermatosis. The diagnosis can be confirmed by histological and immunofluorescence analysis.
Reality Group Counseling for Indonesian-Malaysian Muslim Students with Problematic Internet Use: Is it Effective? If So, How Does It Work?
Authors: Mulawarman Mulawarman , Rahmawati Ajeng Intan Nur , Ariffudin Imam , Wibowo Mungin Eddy , Purwanto Edy , Shafie Amin Al Haadi bin , Afriwilda Mayang
Published: March 2022

Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is one of the factors that influence mental health and psychosocial issues, particularly for students. However, limited research when it comes to such specificities as Muslim students. This research was designed to examine the effectiveness of reality group counseling in reducing the level of PIU on Muslim students. A quantitative approach with quasi-experiment pretest-posttest control group design was administered to examine the impact of reality group counseling on PIU. Twenty-eight Muslim students (14 junior and 14 high school students), from Indonesia and Malaysia, were participated in the study. Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) was employed to measure the PIU and was analyzed using mixed ANOVA. The results showed that reality group counseling was significantly reduced the PIU level of participants in both countries. Thus, it can be concluded that reality group counseling should be implemented to treat Muslim students with a high level of PIU. The research findings and limitations are discussed.
The diagnostic dilemma of an exudative pleural effusion and the emerging role of thoracoscopic pleural biopsy in these patients: A study from South India
Authors: Sud Rahul , Mujeeb V. R. , Tilak TVSVGK , Darling H. S. , Kapoor Amul , Patra Arun Kumar
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

Pleural effusion is one of the common presentations of several several diseases in clinical practice. The pathology behind a pleural effusion is often not clear on pleural fluid analysis. In developing countries like India, empirical antitubercular treatment is started assuming exudative pleural effusion to be tuberculosis. Over some time with more emphasis on evidence-based medicine, this is not a right approach. Thoracoscopic examination and biopsy visceral are a minimally invasive procedure which is underutilized in our practice. The study was conducted to evaluate the definitive etiological diagnosis of exudative pleural effusion and to analyze the diagnostic yield of thoracoscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of exudative pleural effusion.

Material and Methods:

The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Oncology, Command Hospital Airforce, Bengaluru, India. All adult patients with exudative pleural effusion (according to light’s criteria) reporting to the hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were included and subjected for analysis.

Results:

Out of a total of 100 patients who were included in the study, there was male predominance with 78 males and 22 females. Thoracoscopic biopsy remained conclusive in 100% of cases. Malignancy was the most common etiology with 48% of cases while tuberculosis was seen in 38%, 12% had inflammation, and 2 (02%) had mucormycosis. TB PCR sensitivity and specificity of TB PCR were 42% and 100%, respectively. MTB culture showed sensitivity of 11%. MTB culture of biopsy showed sensitivity of 26%. The specificity in both the methods was 100%.

Conclusion:

Thoracoscopy is an ideal method for the diagnosis of pleural effusion with suspected exudative pathology. It gives an accurate diagnosis and helps differentiate between tuberculosis and malignancy which are the most common etiologies in India, thereby leading to early appropriate and specific treatment in such patients. Malignancy was the most common etiology in our study.
Vergi tahmin sapması ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi
Authors: YILMAZ Mustafa , AKCAN Ahmet Tayfur
Published: March 2022

Bütçe kanunu gereğince her yıl bir sonraki yıl için vergi gelirleri tahmin edilmektedir. Ancak ekonomik konjonktür sebebi ile tahmin edilen vergi gelirleri ile tahsil edilen vergi gelirleri arasında farklılıklar oluşmaktadır. Ekonomik konjonktürün seyrine göre vergi tahsilatı planlanandan fazla veya düşük olarak gerçekleşebilmektedir. Bu durum çalışmada vergi tahmin sapması olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Çalışmada vergi tahmin sapması ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada veriler öncelikle Augmented Dickey Fuller birim kök testi ile durağanlık sınamasına tabi tutulmuştur. Ardından değişkenler arasındaki ilişki Johansen Eşbütünleşme Testi ve Etki-Tepki analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Johansen Eşbütünleşme testinin sonucuna göre her iki değişkende birbiri ile eşbütünleşiktir. Etki tepki analizinin sonuçlarına göre ise değişkenlerde meydana gelen şoklar 3 dönem boyunca diğer değişken üzerinde etki oluşturmaktadır.
Emissionen organischer Verbindungen aus Baumaterialien
Authors: Gehrig Robert , Hill Matthias , Zellweger Christoph , Hofer Peter
Published: March 2022

Recently, an internationally harmonized method for the characterization of emissions of organic compounds from building materials in test chambers has been developed and tested at the EMPA. Selected results from two projects indicate clearly, that the emissions not only depend on the
building material but are also strongly influenced by the mode of application. It is shown that some emissions caused by wall paints are influenced by the structure and material of the wall on which they are applied. Emissions from glues depend very strongly on structure and thickness of the
glued materials.
Multielement Analysis of Tin-Lead Solder by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Authors: Guecheva Maria G.
Published: March 2022

The quality control of the chemical composition of tin-lead solder is one of the routine analytical applications in the department of inorganic chemistry. A rapid and reliable method of analysis was established by use of the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), which allows multielement quantitative determination of the impurities below criteria levels, as well as the determination of the major elements in solder. The most difficult part of the method remains the solder disintegration, as the dissolution of tin and lead together is a difficult chemical procedure. The samples were dissolved in a mixture of HCl and HNO3. A 4 g/l solder solution was found to be suitable for analyzing traces of Ag, Al, As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Fe, In, Ni, Sb, and Zn with a better precision and accuracy compared to the combined spark-ICP AES method used previously. The results for Sn and Pb obtained with dilute solutions were in good agreement with those obtained by the wet chemical methods. Spectral interferences from Sn and Pb, as well as matrix effects were found to be negligible for most of the trace elements. The reliability of the analytical results achieved in routine programs was proved with commercially certified reference materials. The discrepancies found for some elements between the certified mean values and the ICP results are discussed.
Partikelcharakterisierung in Verbrennungsabgasen
Authors: Eggenberger Urs , Forss Anna-Maria , Bach Christian , Burtscher Heinz
Published: March 2022

Based on our current knowledge, particulate matter in Diesel-engine exhaust gases should be classified as toxic. The current regulations define limits only for the total mass emission of particulate matter given in g/km or per energy unit. Other properties such as particle size or chemical
composition are not yet considered.The EMPA has been concerned with the detailed analysis of particulate emission since 1992. For this investigation, samples of Diesel exhaust gases and heating-system flue gases are being used. The Diesel engine is operating under various conditions whereas
two different oil-burner types are being used in the heating system. The burners are designated 'yellow-flame' and 'blue-flame'.The size distribution of the particles, their morphology, and chemical composition are determined. The initial results show that the particle properties depend
on the combustion processes and operating conditions. This investigation is being continued.
New Coordination Compounds for Photochemical Purposes and Beyond
Authors: Von Zelewsky Alex
Published: March 2022

A general account is given of the synthetic research carried out in the field of coordination chemistry in one group in the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry in Fribourg. With the goal of synthesizing artificial structures, which can function as photochemical molecular devices, several
synthetic strategies for multicenter coordination species are mentioned. It is reported, that the molecules, which have been designed to form coordination compounds with predefined chiralities of the central metal, can also be used as ligands in enantioselective catalysis.
Volatile Metal Complexes
Authors: Emmenegger Franzpeter
Published: March 2022

The thermodynamics of the formation of gaseous metal complexes and their solvation in nonaqueous solvents is briefly reviewed.
Picosecond Transient Grating Spectroscopy: an Application of Holography for Investigating Ultrafast Photoinduced Processes
Authors: Vauthey Eric , Pariat Yvan , Henseler Arthur
Published: March 2022

The principles of ps transient grating spectroscopy are presented. The capabilities of this technique for the study of photoinduced processes are illustrated by several new results. These include the observation of an anomalous effect in the reorientation dynamics of two ionic dyes
in long-chain alkanenitriles, the measurement of the local viscosity in the interior of reverse micelles containing methanol, and the determination of the rate constant of separation of a geminate radical pair formed by photoinduced electron-transfer reaction.
Un exemple de recherche appliquée: la mise en valeur de la lignine
Authors: Bourgeois Jean-Marc
Published: March 2022

Unsulfonated lignin is formed as a by-product of a new industrial process in cellulose production. EIF is looking for applications for this potentially useful and valuable material. Our research activities concentrate on the following applications: soil additives, fertilizers, herbicide
carriers. Besides this, we are modifying the structure of lignin in order to introduce complexing groups for metal cations. Furthermore, we are working on the hydrothermal upgrading of lignin.
Ein 'Reagenzglas' für Hochdruck-Reaktionen in Wasser kritischen Zustandes, Konstruktion und Eigenschaften
Authors: Käser Kurt
Published: March 2022

The construction principles and the thermal behavior of a laboratory-scale tubular batch reactor is described which is used for quick screening tests of reactions in fluid water near its critical state. Due to the direct high current electric heating of the tube, the reactor has a very
low thermal inertia. Furthermore, this heating mode allows a rapid and homogeneous temperature control. These features bring down the time per experiment to two hours or less. However, the simple discontinuous mode has important consequences on the physical state of the charge: the initial
charging degree of the reactor is a state parameter of decisive importance.
Phasenumwandlung von 3,6-Diphenyl pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dithione für optische Speicherungsanwendungen
Authors: Mizuguchi Jin
Published: March 2022

'Diketopyrrolopyrroles' (DPP) are industrially important red pigments which resist bleaching. Thionation (replacement of the O- by the S-atom; the title compound (DTPP)) brings about an intense near-IR absorption in the solid state. Because of this, DTPP has recently attracted attention as a material for laser printers and optical information-storage systems based on GaAsAl laser diodes. Three crystal modifications I, II, and III are known to exist for DTPP. Among these, only modification III exhibits an intense near-IR absorption (860 nm), whereas the absorption band appears only at 690–710 nm in modifications I and II. The near-IR absorption is due to interplanar π-π interactions of the alternating N-atom of one DTPP molecule and thiocarbonyl C-atom of the neighboring molecule along the stacking axis. The formation or blocking of the π-π interaction ('phase change') by means of optical energy can be applied to an optical information storage system. The optical disk (structure: substrate/hydrazone/DTPP/Al) exhibits a reflectivity change from ca. 30 to 45% on writing with a power of ca. 9 mW at 780 nm.
Numerical computation of gravity force using solution of an auxiliary boundary value problem and the calculation of a surface integral
Authors: Вабищевич Петр Николаевич , Иванов Дьулус Харлампьевич
Published: March 2022

Предложен численный метод определения вертикальной силы тяжести рудного тела. Метод состоит из двух процедур: решения вспомогательной краевой задачи для уравнения Пуассона в ограниченной области с граничным условием третьего рода и вычисления поверхностного интеграла по границе этой области. Вычислительная реализация базируется на применении метода конечных элементов для численного решения вспомогательной краевой задачи и квадратурной формулы для вычисления поверхностного интеграла. Исследуется влияние параметра, входящего в граничное условие третьего рода, порядка конечных элементов и размера расчетной области на точность решения прямой задачи гравиметрии. Приведены численные результаты для модельной задачи c однородным рудным телом в форме прямоугольного параллелепипеда.

Purpose. We consider numerical calculation of the vertical component of the gravity force produced by the ore body using solution of an auxiliary boundary value problem (BVP) for the Poisson equation in a bounded domain. Methodology. Auxiliary BVP can be posed according to the gravitational potential or the vertical gravity force itself supplied by a homogeneous Robin boundary condition. The use of Green’s third formula to the solution of the BVP leads to an equivalent definition of the vertical gravity force based on the calculation of the surface integral. The numerical solution of the auxiliary BVP is based on standard finite element method, the calculation of the surface integral relies on Gauss quadrature formula. In the surface integral, Green’s function for the Laplace operator in an unbounded domain is evaluated using a polynomial approximation or an analytical representation. Findings. Numerical calculations of a model problem with a homogeneous prismatic body has shown that the method based on the solution of the auxiliary BVP for the vertical gravity force itself with a large value of the scalar parameter in the Robin boundary condition and analytical representation of the Green’s function in the surface integral is the most effective method for approximating the vertical gravity force. For this method, we obtained the second order convergence rate. Originality/value. The considered auxiliary BVP with the Robin boundary condition allows obtaining a sufficiently good approximation of the vertical gravity force.
Finite element method: Proof of the existence for the accuracy limit when applying one-dimensional linear finite elements
Authors: Винник Петр Михайлович , Винник Татьяна Викторовна , Хакимов Андрей Айратович
Published: March 2022

Для решения уравнений в частных производных широко используется метод конечных элементов. В процессе решения получается разреженная система линейных алгебраических уравнений с сингулярной матрицей. Известно, что точность решения систем линейных уравнений зависит от числа обусловленности матрицы системы. Ранее было предложено оценивать число обусловленности для сингулярных матриц, используя их ненулевые собственные числа, как для регулярных матриц. В статье аналитически вычислены все собственные числа матрицы жесткости, возникающей при решении одномерной задачи с использованием одинаковых линейных конечных элементов. Приведены оценка числа обусловленности матрицы и его асимптотика. Показано, что общепринятый путь повышения точности расчетов методом конечных элементов, состоящий в измельчении элементов, имеет теоретический предел точности.

The finite element method is widely used to solve partial differential equations. The process of solving leads to a sparse system of linear algebraic equations with a singular matrix. It is known that the accuracy of solving systems of linear equations depends on the condition number of the system matrix. Previously, it was proposed to estimate the condition number for singular matrices using their non-zero eigenvalues, as for regular matrices. In the article, all eigenvalues of the stiffness matrix that arises when solving a one-dimensional problem using the same linear finite elements and all possible regularizations of the stiffness matrix - matrices obtained by deleting the row and column containing the selected diagonal element are analytically calculated. It is shown that for a stiffness matrix with an odd number of rows, the smallest of the condition numbers of regularization matrices is less than the number previously proposed as the condition number of a singular matrix. However, they are asymptotically equal. An estimate for the condition number of the matrix and its asymptotics are given. It is shown that the generally accepted method to increase the accuracy of calculations by the finite element method, which consists in element refinement, has a theoretical accuracy limit.
STUDI KELAYAKAN LOKASI PUSAT DAUR ULANG PERSAMPAHAN KABUPATEN LANDAK
Authors: Pratiwi Nana Novita
Published: March 2022

Waste management with classical management (collect-transport-throw) in Landak Regency can not only cause aesthetic and environmental problems, but can also cause a large load on landfills. One alternative to solve the problem of solid waste is to build a waste recycling center. In order for the development to be right on target, it is necessary to carry out a location feasibility study in terms of physical and economic aspects. Thus, the aim of this research is to analyze the feasibility of waste recycling center location in Landak Regency. This research uses quantitative methods with scoring analysis. The results of the analysis concluded that the location classified as feasible to build a waste recycling center is the location in the Tebedak’s landfills. Tebedak’s landfills is considered feasible due to several factors, namely having sufficient area, long distance from settlements, fairly complete waste facilities, good accessibility, has the fastest payback period, an IRR value that is greater than the bank interest rate and has an NPV value and BCR> 1.
PENERAPAN METODE HIRARC KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PADA PEKERJAAN LAND CLEARING DI TERMINAL KIJING KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH
Authors: Yolanda Saraswati Ni Putu , Widodo Slamet
Published: March 2022

Terminal Kijing yang terletak di kecamatan Sungai Kunyit, Kabupaten Mempawah merupakan bagian dari Pelabuhan Utama Pontianak yang direncanakan berfungsi sebagai pelabuhan utama dan melayani rute domestik serta pelayaran international. Dalam pembangunan tersebut diperlukan upaya untuk melakukan suatu analisis guna pencegahan meningkatnya angka kecelakaan kerja. Salah satunya dengan menggunakan metode HIRARC (Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control). Penerapan metode HIRARC bidang Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) pada pembangunan Terminal Kijing di Kabupaten Mempawah, Kalimantan Barat dengan mengidentifikasi bahaya yang mungkin terjadi dan pengendaliannya terutama pada pekerjaan pembersihan lahan (Land Clearing). Metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Adapun definisi operasional variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah bahaya/risiko, penilaian risiko dan pengendalian risiko yang dirangkum ke dalam HIRARC form. Berdasarkan lembar observasi dari 91 pernyataan dengan 9 indikator yang mewakili kondisi lapangan. Potensi bahaya yang teridentifikasi sebanyak 24 kasus meliputi : penanganan dan penyimpanan material 6 bahaya, perkakas tangan 4 bahaya, pengamanan mesin atau alat-alat berat 2 bahaya, pencahayaan 2 bahaya, cuaca atau suasana kerja 3 bahaya, kebisingan dan getaran 1 bahaya, fasilitas pekerja 3 bahaya, organisasi kerja 3 bahaya. Dari pengembangan hasil observasi per item tahapan pekerjaan yang dirangkum dalam tabel HIRARC form didapatkan 20 kasus potensi bahaya pekerjaan land clearing.Kata kunci : K3, HIRARC (Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control)
KAJIAN STRUKTUR PERKERASAN DAN SALURAN DRAINASE RUAS JALAN PUSPAHIYANG KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Prima Gary Raya , Sari Novia Komala
Published: March 2022

Jalan Puspahiang merupakan jalan yang dibangun oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya untuk menghubungkan Desa Puspahiang, Desa Puspasari, Desa Sukasari dan Desa Mandalasari. Jalan Puspahiang memiliki trase jalan asli ± 10 km (2 arah, 2 lajur tanpa median) dan lebar jalan 3,5 m. Saat ini kondisi ruas jalan tersebut sudah sangat rusak, baik perkerasan maupun saluran drainase. Hal ini dikhawatirkan akan mengganggu fungsi dari jalan tersebut. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis kekuatan serta fungsi dari struktur perkerasan dan saluran drainase pada ruas jalan tersebut.Metode yang digunakan Untuk mengkaji kekuatan perkerasan, dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan nilai Indeks Tebal Perkerasan (ITP) Eksisting terhadap nilai Indeks Tebal Perkerasan (ITP) berdasarkan beban lalu lintas yang ada saat ini. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis saluran drainase dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan kapasitas debit saluran (Qs) yang ada dengan debit rencana (Qr).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa  nilai ITP eksisting = 7,1 dan ITP saat ini = 7,9 (ITP Eksisting < ITP saat ini), artinya bahwa kondisi struktur perkerasan sudah tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Oleh karena itu diperlukan perbaikan struktur perkerasan berupa over lay. Dari hasil perhitungan tebal perkerasan yang diperlukan yaitu lapis pondasi bawah 10 cm, lapis pondasi atas 20 cm, dan lapis permukaan 9,5 cm. Sedangkan untuk saluran drainase diperoleh debit rencana (Qr) sebesar  0,546 m3/det, maka perlu direncanakan saluran drainase yang bisa menampung debit tersebut. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh saluran drainase berbentuk segi empat dari beton berdimensi 0,40 m x 0,768 m dengan debit saluran (Qs) sebesar 0,586 m3/det. Kata kunci: Jalan, struktur perkerasan, saluran drainase.
STUDI KOEFISIEN KUAT TEKAN BETON GEOPOLIMER PADA BERBAGAI UMUR
Authors: Aryanto Aryanto , Faisal - , Sutandar Erwin , Herwani -
Published: March 2022

Paper ini menyajikan hasil penelitian secara eksperimental mengenai pemanfaatan limbah pembakaran batubara pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) Suralaya berupa fly ash. Material ini digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan beton Geopolimer. Pengaruh molaritas larutan alkali activator terhadap kuat tekan beton yang dihasilkan dipelajari dalam riset ini. Penggunaan larutan sodium silikat dan sodium hidroksida dipilih sebagai larutan aktivatornya. Molaritas larutan sodium hidroksida yang digunakan adalah  10 M, 12 M dan 14 M. Benda uji dibuat berupa silinder beton berdiameter 10 cm dengan tinggi 20 cm sebanyak 3 buah setiap variabel sehingga total benda uji adalah 27 buah. Perawatan benda uji dilakukan pada suhu ruang dengan ditutup plastik untuk menghindari penguapan pada benda uji. Pembahasan di fokuskan pada koefisien kuat tekan beton geopolimer umur 7 dan 14 hari terhadap umur 28 hari.  Dari hasil analisa diketahui koefisien kuat tekan beton geopolimer diperoleh berturut-turut 65.5 %, 84.8%, dan 100% untuk Beton NaOH 10 M. Kemudian beton dengan konsentrasi larutan sodium hidroksida (NaOH) 12 M berturut-turut 49.8 %, 80.4%, dan 100%. Selanjutnya capaian kuat tekan beton dengan konsentrasi NaOH 14 M pada umur 7, 14, dan 28 hari terhadap kuat tekan umur 28 hari berturut-turut adalah 59.6 %, 88.5%, dan 100%.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel methoxy and halogen ring-trisubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Compton Zachary J. , Medina Carlos J. , Satti Zohaib Z. , Scariah Geena S. , Patrone Victoria L. , Polar Claire E. , Valladares Stephany , Weiland Emma K. , Rocus Sara M , Schjerven William , Kharas Gregory B.
Published: March 2022

Novel methoxy and halogen ring-trisubstituted isobutyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 , where R is 2,3,4-trimethoxy, 2,4,5-trimethoxy, 2,4,6-trimethoxy, 3,4,5-trimethoxy, 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethyl, 2-chloro-3,4-dimetoxy, 3-chloro-4,5-dimetoxy, 5-chloro-2,3-dimetoxy were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-trisubstituted benzaldehydes and isobutyl cyanoacetate and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The acrylates were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Molecular Mechanism of Autodissociation in Liquid Water: Density Functional Theory Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Joutsuka Tatsuya
Published: March 2022

Autodissociation in liquid water is one of the most important processes in various topics of physical chemistry, such as acid-base chemistry. Molecular simulations have elucidated most of the molecular mechanisms at the atomic level, yet quantitative analysis to compare with experiments using the potential of mean force (PMF) remains a hurdle, including the definition of reaction coordinates and accuracy of liquid structures by density functional theory (DFT) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Here, we perform DFT MD simulations with the revPBE-D3 exchange-correlation functional to compute the PMF profiles of autoionization, or proton transfer (PT), in liquid water. For the quantitative analysis with physically meaningful reaction coordinates, we employ a PT coordinate, donor-acceptor (OH--H3O+) distance, and hydrogen (H)-bond number. The one-dimensional (1D) PMF profile along the PT coordinate shows no local minimum in the product state of PT (OH- and H3O+), which is necessary to accurately compute acid dissociation constant (or pKa). On the other hand, the 2D PMF profiles along the PT coordinate and donor-acceptor distance show local minima in the product state and reaction barriers, and the computed pKw is comparable to the experiment. In addition, the 2D PMF profiles along the PT coordinate and the H-bond number reveal the molecular mechanism of the H-bond rearrangement concomitant with PT, in which the H-bond breaking before PT is slightly preferable. These findings indicate that accurate evaluation of pKa by MD simulations requires the donor-acceptor distance in addition to the conventional PT coordinate.