bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of gestational window on offspring vascular health in rodents with in utero exposure to electronic cigarettes
Authors: Mills Amber , Nassabeh Sydney , Hurley Audra , Shouldis Lainey , Chantler Paul D. , Dakhlallah Duaa , Olfert I. Mark
Published: August 2024

Studies have shown cerebrovascular dysfunction in offspring with full‐gestational electronic cigarette (Ecig) exposure, but little is known about how individual trimester exposure impacts offspring health. This study aimed to determine if there is a critical window during gestation that contributes to vascular and anxiety‐like behavioural changes seen with full‐term exposure. To test this, rats were time‐mated, and the pregnant dams were randomly assigned to Ecig exposure during first trimester (gestational day, GD2–7), second trimester (GD8–14), third trimester (GD15–21) or full‐term gestation (GD2–21). We also assessed the effect of maternal preconception exposure. Both male and female offspring from all maternal exposure conditions were compared to offspring from dams under ambient air (control) conditions. Ecig exposure consisted of 60‐puffs/day (5 days/week) using either 5 or 30 watts for each respective exposure group. We found that maternal exposure to Ecig in the second and third trimesters resulted in a decrease (23–38%) in vascular reactivity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity in 3‐ and 6‐month‐old offspring compared to Air offspring. Further, the severity of impairment was comparable to the full‐term exposure (31–46%). Offspring also displayed changes in body composition, body mass, anxiety‐like behaviour and locomotor activity, indicating that Ecigs influence neurodevelopment and metabolism. Maternal preconception exposure showed no impact on offspring body mass, anxiety‐like behaviour, or vascular function. Thus, the critical exposure window where Ecig affects vascular development in offspring occurs during mid‐ to late‐gestation in pregnancy, and both 5 W and 30 W exposure produce significant vascular dysfunction compared to Air.

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Key points

Exposure to electronic cigarettes (Ecigs) is known to increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease in both animals and humans.

Maternal Ecig use during pregnancy in rodents is found to impair the vascular health of adolescent and adult offspring, but the critical gestation window for Ecig‐induced vascular impairment is not known.

This study demonstrates Ecig exposure during mid‐ and late‐gestation (i.e. second or third trimester) results in impaired endothelial cell‐mediated dilatation (i.e. middle cerebral artery reactivity) and alters anxiety‐like behaviour in offspring.

Maternal exposure prior to conception did not impact offspring's vascular or anxiety‐like behavioural outcomes.

Rodent models have been a reliable and useful predictor of inhalation‐induced harm to humans. These data indicate maternal use of Ecigs during pregnancy should not be considered safe, and begin to inform clinicians and women about potential long‐term harm to their offspring.
Experimental Study of High-Diodicity Inlet Effects on Rotating Detonation Combustor Performance and Operability
Authors: Barnouin Provence , Bach Eric , Paschereit Christian Oliver , Bohon Myles D.
Published: August 2024

Implementing high-diodicity inlets is critical to reduce backflow and mitigate the pressure loss across the injector in rotating detonation combustors (RDCs). Experiments on air injection diodicity were conducted in a nonpremixed RDC for both cold-flow and reacting conditions. The introduction of a Tesla-like diode impacted operating modes and injector dynamics, but the extent of that effect depended on the throat-to-combustor area ratio. A smaller ratio mitigated the impact of the diode on detonation characteristics, while a larger ratio extended the operating range of stronger wave modes. The diode stabilized RDC operation through an increased static pressure drop, but limited performance most likely due to poor reactant mixing and local equivalence ratio distribution. Cold-flow tests showed a higher diodicity for the diode, which may contribute to higher pressure gain in reacting experiments. A modified diodicity formulation based on reacting flow measurements was introduced, suggesting that a multimetric approach can be useful to assess injector performance. High-diodicity air inlets could be useful tools for reducing total pressure loss and controlling operating modes, but careful consideration is required to limit adverse effects on processes like reactant mixing.
Influence of Helical Intake Port Structure Parameters of Diesel Engine on Intake Performance
Authors: Bao Guangyuan , He Chao , Li Jiaqiang , Liu Xueyuan
Published: August 2024

To enhance the performance of the diesel engine helical intake port, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to conduct numerical simulations of the intake port and in-cylinder flow of the D19 diesel engine. The primary focus of the study was to investigate the effect of structural design parameters of the diesel engine helical intake port on the cylinder swirl ratio and intake mass. By modifying the three main structural design parameters of the helical intake port, we explored their effect on the in-cylinder swirl ratio. The study utilized deflection angle (θ), helical chamber height (H), and eccentric distance (Δa) as three influential factors, each set at three levels. Orthogonal experiments and linear regression analysis were conducted using swirl ratio and intake mass as evaluation indicators for the airflow characteristics in the intake port. The results show that the influence weights of the intake port structural parameters on swirl ratio and intake mass are as follows: H > Δa > θ, and H > θ > Δa. When the three key structural parameters of θ, H, and Δa are changed individually so that their values are −15 deg, 6.28 mm, and 3 mm, respectively, the in-cylinder swirl ratio obtains the maximum value and satisfies the linear regression equation, y = 0.754–0.005θ + 0.165H + 0.088Δa. From the analysis of the results of the F test, it can be found that the significant p value is 0.362, which is not statistically significant. There is no linear regression relationship between the intake mass and the θ, H, and Δa.
Novel low-temperature and high-flux hydrogen plasma source for extreme-ultraviolet lithography applications
Authors: Stodolna A. S. , Mechielsen T. W. , van der Walle P. , Meekes C. , Lensen H.
Published: August 2024

Inside extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography machines, a hydrogen plasma is generated by ionization of the background gas by EUV photons. This plasma is essential for preventing carbon build-up on the optics, but it might affect functional performance and the lifetime of other elements inside the machine. The interaction of scanner materials and components with hydrogen plasma is investigated in controlled experiments using laboratory (off-line) setups, where the properties of EUV-generated plasmas are mimicked. Here, we present a novel experimental setup at TNO, where a low-temperature hydrogen plasma is generated by means of electron-impact ionization using a high-current, high-pressure electron beam (e-beam) gun. We show that the produced ion flux, peak ion energies, and radical-to-ion ratio are similar to that of the EUV-generated plasma. Since the e-gun has the option of operating the e-gun in the pulsed mode, it is possible to reproduce the time-dependent behavior of the scanner plasma as well. Moreover, as shown by Luo et al. [RSC Adv. 10, 8385 (2020)], electrons that impinge on surfaces mimic EUV photons in the generation of secondary electrons, which often drive radiation-induced processes (e.g., surface oxidation, reduction, and growth of carbon). We conclude that e-beam generated hydrogen plasma is a very promising technology for cost-effective lifetime testing of materials and optics, as compared to setups with EUV sources.
Sleep to fight tumors
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: August 2024

Sleep deprivation promotes tumor growth through loss of daily rhythms in cellular lipid metabolism.
Chemosynthetic alphaproteobacterial diazotrophs reside in deep-sea cold-seep bottom waters
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Deng Lixia , Wang Xiao , Zhong Cheng , Xia Xiaomin , Liu Hongbin
Published: August 2024

Nitrogen (N)-fixing organisms, also known as diazotrophs, play a crucial role in N-limited ecosystems by controlling the production of bioavailable N. The carbon-dominated cold-seep ecosystems are inherently N-limited, making them hotspots of N fixation. However, the knowledge of diazotrophs in cold-seep ecosystems is limited compared to other marine ecosystems. In this study, we used multi-omics to investigate the diversity and catabolism of diazotrophs in deep-sea cold-seep bottom waters. Our findings showed that the relative abundance of diazotrophs in the bacterial community reached its highest level in the cold-seep bottom waters compared to the cold-seep upper waters and non-seep bottom waters. Remarkably, more than 98% of metatranscriptomic reads aligned on diazotrophs in cold-seep bottom waters belonged to the genus
Sagittula
, an alphaproteobacterium. Its metagenome-assembled genome, named Seep-BW-D1, contained catalytic genes (
nifHDK
) for nitrogen fixation, and the
nifH
gene was actively transcribed
in situ
. Seep-BW-D1 also exhibited chemosynthetic capability to oxidize C1 compounds (methanol, formaldehyde, and formate) and thiosulfate (S
2
O
3
2−
). In addition, we observed abundant transcripts mapped to genes involved in the transport systems for acetate, spermidine/putrescine, and pectin oligomers, suggesting that Seep-BW-D1 can utilize organics from the intermediates synthesized by methane-oxidizing microorganisms, decaying tissues from cold-seep benthic animals, and refractory pectin derived from upper photosynthetic ecosystems. Overall, our study corroborates that carbon-dominated cold-seep bottom waters select for diazotrophs and reveals the catabolism of a novel chemosynthetic alphaproteobacterial diazotroph in cold-seep bottom waters.

IMPORTANCE

Bioavailable nitrogen (N) is a crucial element for cellular growth and division, and its production is controlled by diazotrophs. Marine diazotrophs contribute to nearly half of the global fixed N and perform N fixation in various marine ecosystems. While previous studies mainly focused on diazotrophs in the sunlit ocean and oxygen minimum zones, recent research has recognized cold-seep ecosystems as overlooked N-fixing hotspots because the seeping fluids in cold-seep ecosystems introduce abundant bioavailable carbon but little bioavailable N, making most cold seeps inherently N-limited. With thousands of cold-seep ecosystems detected at continental margins worldwide in the past decades, the significant role of cold seeps in marine N biogeochemical cycling is emphasized. However, the diazotrophs in cold-seep bottom waters remain poorly understood. Through multi-omics, this study identified a novel alphaproteobacterial chemoheterotroph belonging to
Sagittula
as one of the most active diazotrophs residing in cold-seep bottom waters and revealed its catabolism.
Cyclization increases bactericidal activity of arginine-rich cationic cell-penetrating peptide for
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: John Constance M. , Otala Suzanne A. , Jarvis Gary A.
Published: August 2024

We previously reported that a linear cationic 12-amino acid cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) was bactericidal for
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
. In this study, our objectives were to determine the effect of cyclization of the linear CPP on its antibacterial activity for
N. gonorrhoeae
and cytotoxicity for human cells. We compared the bactericidal effect of 4-hour treatment with the linear CPP to that of CPPs cyclized by a thioether or a disulfide bond on human challenge and multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of
N. gonorrhoeae
grown in cell culture media with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The effect of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) sialylation on bactericidal activity was analyzed. We determined the ability of the CPPs to treat human cells infected
in vitro
with
N. gonorrhoeae
, to reduce the inflammatory response of human monocytic cells to gonococci, to kill strains of three commensal
Neisseria
species, and to inhibit gonococcal biofilms. The cyclized CPPs killed 100% of gonococci from all strains at 100 µM and >90% at 20 µM and were more potent than the linear form. The thioether-linked but not the disulfide-linked CPP was less cytotoxic for human cervical cells compared to the linear CPP. LOS sialylation had minimal effect on bactericidal activity. In treating infected human cells, the thioether-linked CPP at 20 µM killed >60% of extra- and intracellular bacteria and reduced TNF-α expression by THP-1 cells. The potency of the CPPs for the pathogenic and the commensal
Neisseria
was similar. The thioether-linked CPP partially eradicated gonococcal biofilms. Future studies will focus on determining efficacy in the female mouse model of gonorrhea.

IMPORTANCE

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
remains a major cause of sexually transmitted infections with 82 million cases worldwide in 2020, and 710,151 confirmed cases in the US in 2021, up 25% from 2017.
N. gonorrhoeae
can infect multiple tissues including the urethra, cervix, rectum, pharynx, and conjunctiva. The most serious sequelae are suffered by infected women as gonococci ascend to the upper reproductive tract and cause pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility in 10%–20% of women. Control of gonococcal infection is widely recognized as increasingly challenging due to the lack of any vaccine.
N. gonorrhoeae
has quickly developed resistance to all but one class of antibiotics and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains could result in untreatable infections. As such, gonorrhea is classified by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) as an urgent public health threat. The research presented herein on new therapeutics for gonorrhea has identified a cyclic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) as a potent molecule targeting
N. gonorrhoeae
.
Preconsultation compassion video to reduce anxiety among patients referred to a cancer centre: a randomised control trial
Authors: Winn Christine , Grana Generosa , Mazzarelli Anthony , Nicholson Andrea , Mykulowycz Kristine , Obiakor Chidinma , Bair Alicia , Trzeciak Stephen , Roberts Brian
Published: August 2024

Objective

Anxiety is common among patients attending an initial oncology consultation. The objective of this trial was to test if an enhanced compassion video emailed to patients prior to their initial oncology consultation reduces anxiety compared with being sent an information-only introduction video.

Methods and analysis

We conducted a randomised control trial at a single university-based cancer centre between May 2021 and October 2023. We enrolled adult patients scheduled for an initial cancer consultation. Subjects underwent simple 1:1 randomisation to receive either a standard introduction video or an enhanced compassion video via email. Investigators and subjects were blinded to allocation. The primary outcome was degree of anxiety on arrival to the initial oncology consultation, measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS).

Results

Of 1005 subjects randomised to the standard video and 1038 to the enhanced compassion video, 183 and 179 subjects completed the HADS-anxiety in each group, respectively. Only 25% reported watching their assigned video. There was no difference in degree of anxiety between the standard or compassion video groups using intention to treat analysis (median (IQR) 7 (4–10) vs 7 (4–10), p value=0.473)) or per-protocol analysis (limited to subjects who reported watching the video) (median (IQR) 7 (4–10) (n=45) vs 7 (5–10) (n=46), p value=0.997).

Conclusion

Receiving an enhanced compassion video did not reduce anxiety compared with a standard introduction video. Given 25% of subjects reported watching their assigned video, future research should focus on identifying interventions at the point-of-care to reduce anxiety.

Trial registration number

NCT04503681.
Interventions for improving the health and socioeconomic well-being of young parents in Africa: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Odunga Sally Atieno , Machoka Beryl , Jesang Glorious , Mugo Grace Kathure , Munyasa Winnan Lucia , Mukabana Sheila , Maina Beatrice W , Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Kabiru Caroline W
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Early childbearing is highly prevalent in Africa. Despite the harmful consequences of early childbearing on young people, there is limited documentation of interventions that aim to improve the health and socioeconomic well-being of young parents on the continent. In this systematic review, we will map and provide a critical synthesis of interventions that aim to improve the health and socioeconomic well-being of young parents in Africa to inform future policy and programmatic decision-making.

Methods and analysis

The systematic review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We will conduct an electronic search of peer-reviewed articles published in six databases: PubMed, Science Direct, AJOL, JSTOR, ERIC and Google Scholar. We will also search for grey literature through Google search and organisations’ websites to broaden the number of interventions retrieved. Articles will be included if (1) the study participants are young mothers and fathers aged 10–24 years, (2) the article reports on interventions targeting young mothers and fathers in Africa or individual countries in Africa, (3) the article is published in English or French, (4) the article reports on health and socioeconomic well-being outcomes and (5) the article was published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2023. We will extract relevant information from articles that meet the inclusion criteria and synthesise data using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Two reviewers will independently screen articles for inclusion, extract data from included articles and assess the methodological quality of studies.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for the systematic review since we are synthesising publicly available publications. Findings from this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and further disseminated in conferences and convenings focusing on the health and socioeconomic well-being of young parents.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023464828.
Association of fear of falling with performance-based physical function and low back pain in older adults: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Khodadadi Zeinab , ShahAli Shabnam , Hejazi Anahita , Shanbehzadeh Sanaz
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study investigated the association of fear of falling with performance-based physical function and low back pain (LBP) among older adults.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Participants were selected via convenient sampling from Iran University orthopaedic and/or physiotherapy outpatient clinics, between March 2022 and April 2023.

Participants

140 subjects with and without LBP, aged over 60 years, were included.

Outcome measures

The Falls Efficacy Scale International was used to measure fear of falling. A baseline questionnaire inquired about LBP. Participants performed the Timed Up and Go, 30 s Sit-To-Stand (30s-STS), single leg stance with open and closed eyes and gait speed tests to assess performance-based physical function. Demographic variables including age, gender and body mass index were considered as potential covariates. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations.

Results

A significant association between fear of falling and the 30s-STS test score (β=−0.30, 95% CI −1.27 to –0.28; p=0.00) and the sex (β=0.31, 95% CI 1.53 to 4.83; p=0.00) was confirmed in multivariable analyses. LBP and other performance-based physical function tests were not associated with a fear of falling.

Conclusion

Fear of falling was significantly associated with lower extremity muscle function, measured by the 30s-STS test and female gender. Older adults with a fear of falling could benefit from interventions that improve lower extremity muscle function. Also, the observed association between the fear of falling and the female sex confirms the need for effective interventions to reduce the fear of falling among older women.
Safety-netting strategies for primary and emergency care: a codesign study with patients, carers and clinicians in Sweden
Authors: Wannheden Carolina , Hagman Johanna , Riggare Sara , Pukk Härenstam Karin , Fernholm Rita
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To codesign safety-netting strategies for primary and emergency care settings by integrating the experiences and ideas of patients, carers and clinicians.

Design

A codesign process involving two focus group discussions, eight individual interviews and five workshops. All sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis and reported using the Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines.

Setting

Primary and emergency care in Sweden, focusing on the Stockholm region.

Participants

7 (5 women) individuals with patient expertise, 1 (man) individual with carer expertise, 18 (12 women) individuals with clinical expertise.

Results

Three main categories reflecting strategies for applying safety-netting were developed: first,conveying safety-netting advice, which involves understanding patient concerns, tailoring communication and using appropriate modalities for communicating; second,ensuring common understanding,which involves summarising information, asking a teach-back question and anticipating questions post consultation; and third,supporting safety-netting behaviour,which involves facilitating reconsultation, helping patients and carers to navigate the health system and explaining the care context and its purpose.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the collaborative nature of safety-netting, engaging both the clinician and patient, sometimes supported by carers, in an iterative process. Adding to previous research, our study also emphasises the importance of anticipating postconsultation inquiries and facilitating reconsultation.
Parental stress, depression, anxiety and participation to care in neonatal intensive care units: results of a prospective study in Italy, Brazil and Tanzania
Authors: Lazzerini Marzia , Barcala Coutinho do Amaral Gomez Dafne , Azzimonti Gaetano , Bua Jenny , Brandão Neto Waldemar , Brasili Luca , Travan Laura , Barradas de Souza Juliana , D'Alessandro Michele , Plet Sabrina , de Souza Lima Geisy Maria , Ndile Emmanuel Abraham , Ermacora Maddalena , Valente Emanuelle Pessa , Dalena Paolo , Mariani Ilaria
Published: August 2024

Background

Studies comparing the frequency of different mental health conditions across different settings and evaluating their association with parental participation in newborn care are lacking. We aimed at evaluating the frequency of parental stress, anxiety and depression, along with the level of participation in newborn care, among parents of newborns in Italy, Brazil and Tanzania.

Methods

Parental stress, anxiety, depression and participation in care were assessed prospectively in parents of newborns in eight neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) utilising: the Parental Stressor Scale in NICU (PSS:NICU); the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and EPDS-Anxiety subscale (EPDS-A); the Index of Parental Participation in NICU (IPP-NICU). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.

Results

Study outcomes were assessed on 742 parents (Brazil=327, Italy=191, Tanzania=224). Observed scores suggested a very high frequency of stress, anxiety and depression, with an overall estimated frequency of any of the mental health condition of 65.1%, 52.9% and 58.0% in Brazil, Italy, Tanzania, respectively (p<0.001). EPDS scores indicating depression (cut-off: ≥13 for Brazil and Tanzania, ≥12 for Italy) were significantly more frequent in Tanzania (52.3%) when compared with either Brazil (35.8%) and Italy (33.3%) (p<0.001). Parental participation in care was also significantly higher in Tanzania (median IPP-NICU=24) than in the other two countries (median=21 for Brazil, 18 for Italy, p<0.001). Severe stress (PSS:NICU ≥4) was significantly more frequently reported in Brazil (22.6%), compared with Italy (4.7%) and Tanzania (0%, p<0.001). Factors independently associated with either parental stress, anxiety or depression varied by country, and a significant association with parental participation in care was lacking.

Conclusions

Study findings suggest that parental stress, anxiety and depression are extremely frequent in NICUs in all countries despite diversity in the setting, and requiring immediate action. Further studies should explore the appropriate level of parental participation in care in different settings.
Lung-protective ventilation in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Traynor Mike
Published: August 2024

Prioritizing lung-protective ventilation has produced a clear mortality benefit in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). While there is a paucity of CDH-specific evidence to support any particular approach to lung-protective ventilation, a growing body of data in adults is beginning to clarify the mechanisms behind ventilator-induced lung injury and inform safer management of mechanical ventilation in general. This review summarizes the adult data and attempts to relate the findings, conceptually, to the CDH population. Critical lessons from the adult studies are that much of the damage done during conventional mechanical ventilation affects normal lung tissue and that most of this damage occurs at the low-volume and high-volume extremes of the respiratory cycle. Consequently, it is important to prevent atelectasis by using sufficient positive end-expiratory pressure while also avoiding overdistention by scaling tidal volume to the amount of functional lung tissue rather than body weight. Paralysis early in acute respiratory distress syndrome improves outcomes, possibly because consistent respiratory mechanics facilitate avoidance of both atelectasis and overdistention—a mechanism that may also apply to the CDH population. Volume-targeted conventional modes may be advantageous in CDH, but determining optimal tidal volume is challenging. Both high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and high-frequency jet ventilation have been used successfully as ‘rescue modes’ to avoid extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and a prospective trial comparing the two high-frequency modalities as the primary ventilation strategy for CDH is underway.
The Meadoway: native meadow creation in underutilized transmission line corridors
Authors: Kotsopoulos Sarah , Turnbull Katie , Cormack Chris , Cartwright Lyndsay A. , Hayes Sue M. , Ford Brian , Shachak Rivka , Watkinson Autumn
Published: August 2024

Across Ontario, Canada, there are over 30 000 km of transmission line corridors. With proper planning and ongoing maintenance and monitoring, these corridors have the potential to be transformed into native meadow, offering vital pathways connecting natural heritage systems and supporting wildlife movement, while promoting biodiversity, natural functions, and ecosystem health. In 2019, seeding trials were established in the Gatineau Hydro Corridor in east Toronto where a long-term meadow creation project (The Meadoway) is ongoing, to evaluate the effectiveness of herbicide treatment (glyphosate), sowing method, and sowing season on seeding success with the goal of informing site-specific meadow creation techniques. Seed mixes included a variety of native grasses and forbs and were dominated by copper savannah grass ( Sorghastrum nutans), big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem ( Schizachyrium scoparium), and switch grass ( Panicum virgatum). Overall, fall or winter seeding with herbicide led to the highest seeding success. There was no difference in the effectiveness of hand seeding or using the seed drill. The results of this work provide valuable insights into effective seeding techniques to improve seeding success and also highlight the benefits of in situ experimentation to inform meadow creation techniques.
Coesite-bearing garnet xenocrysts from diatexite in the Nordøyane domain, Western Gneiss Region, Norway: implications for eclogite-melt interaction at ultra-high pressure
Authors: Jamieson R.A. , Hilchie L. , Myrer B.
Published: August 2024

Ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) of Norway formed in subducted Baltican crust during the Scandian phase of the Caledonian orogeny. In the Nordøyane UHP domain, eclogites locally preserve coesite and microdiamond. Along the north coasts of Haramsøya and Flemsøya, in situ eclogite bodies are surrounded by dioritic “diatexite selvages” containing abundant eclogitic enclaves and xenocrysts. In one location eclogite and diatexite are associated with a quartz diorite dyke that is highly contaminated with eclogitic material. The diatexite matrix and dyke have similar plagioclase + quartz + biotite assemblages with abundant embayed and fragmented garnet and clinopyroxene xenocrysts. Coesite is present in some garnet xenocrysts but has not been found in the adjacent eclogite bodies. Pressure–temperature ( P– T) estimates from in situ eclogites range from 2.2–3.2 GPa and 810–840 °C, spanning the quartz–coesite transition, with P– T estimates from xenocrysts spanning a wider range. Diorites and retrogressed eclogites record amphibolite-facies conditions, ca. 1.0–1.5 GPa and 700–800 °C. The wide range and large uncertainties in P– T estimates reflect high-temperature re-equilibration and a relative lack of P-sensitive assemblages. Differences in texture, composition, and included assemblages indicate that the xenocrysts were not derived from the nearby eclogite bodies. By implication, their dioritic hosts were not locally derived but must have originated from a different, probably deeper, source. The results are integrated with a numerical model for WGR tectonic evolution to assess the sources of the melts and their possible effects on the exhumation of UHP rocks in western Norway.
The potential of QQQ in the anisotropic background
Authors: Zhou Jing , Fadafan Kazem Bitaghsir , Chen Xun
Published: August 2024

In this work, we use the AdS/CFT correspondence to study the behavior of a triply heavy baryon within anisotropic backgrounds. Beginning with the total action of the three quarks, we derive the balance equation for the three-quark system and compute the separation distance and potential energy. Our results reveal a consistent decrease in both the separation distance and potential energy for the A configuration and the B configuration as the anisotropy coefficient a increases. This suggests that the presence of an anisotropic background promotes the dissolution of the three-quark system. Additionally, we compare the potential energies of the A and B configurations and observe that the A configuration has a slightly smaller potential energy, suggesting greater stability compared to the B configuration.
Integrated photonuclear cross sections in the giant dipole resonance of odd-mass actinide nuclei
Authors: Kemah E. , Yakut H. , Tabar E. , Hoşgör G. , Özçetin A.
Published: August 2024

This study explores the integrated total photonuclear cross section (σ0) within the context of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in odd-mass actinide nuclei. Using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy ınference system (ANFIS) machine learning algorithms, we analyze the GDR behaviors associated with the σ0 values in these nuclei. The modeling results obtained from ANFIS and ANN are compared among themselves and with the Translational Galilean Invariant Quasiparticle Phonon Nuclear Model (TGI-QPNM) and experimental data. Machine learning analysis and TGI-QPNM results provide valuable insights into the GDR characteristics of odd-mass actinides, shedding light on their photonuclear properties. The ANFIS model has achieved an R2 value of 0.98 and an RMSE of 0.19, while the ANN model (LM) has yielded an R2 value of 0.95 and an RMSE of 0.24. These findings deepen our understanding of nuclear physics, underscoring the role of artificial intelligence techniques in deciphering complex phenomena within nuclear structures. In conclusion, our study suggests that the ANFIS model, in agreement with TGI-QPNM results, generally outperforms the ANN (LM) method and could be a more effective tool for estimating the energy-weighted sum rule for GDR.
Research on Piano Program Programming and Creative Optimization Methods Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Liu Lei
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on the programming and creative optimization methods of piano tracks based on big data technology. Through in-depth analysis of the potential application of big data technology in the field of music creation, we propose an innovative framework for piano repertoire programming and creative optimization. This framework fully utilizes the data processing and analysis capabilities of big data technology to mine massive piano repertoire data, extract music elements, style features, and creative patterns. In terms of piano repertoire programming, we use big data technology to quantitatively analyze music elements and construct a data-driven programming model. This model can automatically generate piano repertoire frameworks that match specific styles, emotions, and rhythms based on user creative needs, providing inspiration and direction for creators. In terms of creative optimization, we utilize machine learning algorithms based on big data technology to intelligently evaluate and improve piano tracks. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different tracks in terms of melody, harmony, structure, etc., we have discovered and extracted the common characteristics of excellent works, providing guidance for creators to optimize their work. This article will focus on the programming and control capabilities of music programming in the design and composition process of big data technology, as well as optimization methods for music creation. Provide precise services for music teaching and research, promote the prosperity and development of music, and accelerate the integration and innovative development of information technology and music education and teaching. In terms of piano repertoire programming, we utilized big data technology to quantitatively analyze music elements and constructed a data-driven programming model. This model can provide creators with rich inspiration and clear direction based on their creative intentions and specific styles. In addition, our study also considered the recognition rates of training models for different instrument types. Through training and optimizing models, we have ensured that piano program programming and creative optimization processes can achieve high recognition rates and accuracy on different instrument types, thereby further expanding the application scope of big data technology in the field of music creation.
Improving Privacy and Security of Telehealth
Authors: Tazi Faiza , Dykstra Josiah , Rajivan Prashanth , Chalil Madathil Kapil , Hughart Jiovanne , McElligott James , Votipka Daniel , Das Sanchari
Published: August 2024

Dek :

Multidisciplinary experts’ perspectives on how to strengthen protection of patients’ health information in telehealth designs and workflows.
The Price of Justified Representation
Authors: Elkind Edith , Faliszewski Piotr , Igarashi Ayumi , Manurangsi Pasin , Schmidt-Kraepelin Ulrike , Suksompong Warut
Published: August 2024

In multiwinner approval voting, the goal is to select a
k
-member committee based on voters’ approval ballots. A well-studied concept of proportionality in this context is the
justified representation
(JR) axiom, which demands that no large cohesive group of voters remains unrepresented. However, the JR axiom may conflict with other desiderata, such as
social welfare
(the number of approvals obtained by committee members) or
coverage
(the number of voters who approve at least one committee member). In this article, we investigate the price of imposing the JR axiom (as well as the more demanding
extended justified representation
axiom) on social welfare and coverage. Our approach is twofold: We derive worst-case bounds on the loss of welfare/coverage caused by imposing JR and study the computational complexity of finding committees with high welfare that provide JR (obtaining hardness results, approximation algorithms, and an exact algorithm for one-dimensional preferences).
Adapting Gaussian Mixture Model Training to Embedded/Edge Devices: A Low I/O, Deadline-Aware and Energy Efficient Design
Authors: Bouzouad Meriem , Benhamadi Yasmine , Slimani Camélia , Boukhobza Jalil
Published: August 2024

This work focuses on the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), a machine learning model used for density estimation and cluster analysis in healthcare, networking, etc. The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is commonly used to train GMMs. One of the main challenges facing this algorithm when running on embedded systems is the crippling memory constraints. In fact, EM requires several scans of the dataset and we observed that when the dataset cannot fully reside in the main memory, its execution is dramatically slowed down by I/O movements. In this paper, we present an optimization of the EM algorithm for GMMs that reduces the number of I/O operations thanks to two main contributions: (1) A divide-and-conquer strategy that divides the dataset into chunks, learns the GMM separately on each chunk and combines the results incrementally. By doing so, we prevent data from being swapped several times during the learning process. (2) Restricting the training on a subset of data whose volume is inferred online using data properties while producing good accuracy. On average, our results show a 63% improvement in overall execution time with comparable accuracy. We also adapted GMM learning to run in a limited time budget while hitting a good trade-off between execution time and energy consumption. This solution succeeded in meeting the fixed deadline in 100% of the cases and in reducing the energy consumption by up to 68.77%.
Predictors of Inflammation-Mediated Preterm Birth
Authors: Georges Hanah M. , Norwitz Errol R. , Abrahams Vikki M.
Published: August 2024

Preterm birth remains a worldwide health concern because of ongoing challenges in prediction and prevention. Current predictors are limited by poor performance, need for invasive sampling, and an inability to identify patients in a timely fashion to allow for effective intervention. The multiple etiologies of preterm birth often have an inflammatory component. Thus, a deeper understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms involved in preterm birth may provide opportunities to identify new predictors of preterm birth. This review discusses the multiple etiologies of preterm birth, their links to inflammation, current predictors available, and new directions for the field.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Distant Metastasis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma without Regional Lymph Node Metastasis and a Nomogram Prediction Model for Survival
Authors: Huang Jinsheng , Li Xujia , Jiang Qi , Qiu Huijuan , Rong Yuming , Cui Bokang , Guo Guifang
Published: August 2024

Background. Negative regional lymph nodes do not indicate a lack of distant metastasis. A considerable number of patients with negative regional lymph node pancreatic cancer will skip the step of regional lymph node metastasis and directly develop distant metastasis. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with negative regional lymph node pancreatic cancer and distant metastasis in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2010 to 2015. Multivariate logistic analysis and Cox analysis were used to determine the independent risk factors that promoted distant metastasis and the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year cancer‐specific survival in this subgroup. Results. Sex, age, pathological grade, surgery, radiotherapy, race, tumor location, and tumor size were significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P < 0.05). Among these factors, pathological grade II and above, tumor site other than the pancreatic head, and tumor size >40 mm were independent risk factors for distant metastasis; age ≥60 years, tumor size ≤21 mm, surgery, and radiation were protective factors against distant metastasis. Age, pathological grade, surgery, chemotherapy, and metastasis site were identified as predictors of survival. Among them, age ≥40 years, pathological grade II and above, and multiple distant metastasis were considered independent risk factors for cancer‐specific survival. Surgery and chemotherapy were considered protective factors for cancer‐specific survival. The prediction performance of the nomogram was significantly better than that of the traditional American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor, node, metastasis staging system. We also established an online dynamic nomogram calculator, which can predict the survival rate of patients at different follow‐up time points. Conclusion. Pathological grade, tumor location, and tumor size were independent risk factors for distant metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with negative regional lymph nodes. Older age, smaller tumor size, surgery, and radiotherapy were protective factors against distant metastasis. A new nomogram that was constructed could effectively predict cancer‐specific survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with negative regional lymph nodes and distant metastasis. Furthermore, an online dynamic nomogram calculator was established.
Changes in Acupuncture‐Induced Specific Acupoint Neurotransmitters are Possibly Related to Their Physiological Functions in Rats
Authors: Nguyen Huong Thi Mai , Lee Der-Yen , Liu Chung-Hsiang , Hsieh Ching-Liang
Published: August 2024

This study investigated changes in neurotransmitters induced by the application of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) and Neiguan (PC6). A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups: sham, ST (EA at bilateral ST36 and ST37), ScT (ST plus previous neurectomy of the bilateral sciatic nerves), ScS (sham plus previous neurectomy of the bilateral sciatic nerve), and PC (EA at bilateral PC6 and PC7). The P2X2 receptor expression was stronger in the sham group than in the ST and PC groups (both p < 0.05) but similar between the sham and ScT groups (p > 0.05). Dopamine levels in the extracellular fluid surrounding the acupoints were higher in the PC group than in the sham and ST groups during the postacupuncture period (both p < 0.05). Glutamate levels in the extracellular fluid surrounding the acupoints were higher in the ST group than in the sham group during the acupuncture period (p < 0.05) and higher in the ST group than in the sham and PC groups during the postacupuncture period (both p < 0.05). Serum adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were higher in the PC group than in the sham, ST, and ScT groups (all p < 0.05). Glutamate levels in the CSF were higher in the ST group than in the sham, ScS, and PC groups (all p < 0.05). GABA levels in the CSF were higher in the ST group than in the sham, ScT, and PC groups (all p < 0.05). EA at ST36 and ST37 and PC6 and PC7 exerted an analgesic effect, EA at PC6 and PC7 can enhance heart function, and EA at ST36 and ST37 modulates the cerebral cortex. However, the study needs an evaluation of direct pain behavior, heart function, and brain function in the future.
Exploring the Potential of Postbiotics for Food Safety and Human Health Improvement
Authors: Isaac-Bamgboye Folayemi Janet , Mgbechidinma Chiamaka Linda , Onyeaka Helen , Isaac-Bamgboye Ireoluwa Toluwalase , Chukwugozie Deborah C.
Published: August 2024

Food safety is a global concern, with millions suffering from foodborne diseases annually. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports significant morbidity and mortality associated with contaminated food consumption, and this emphasizes the critical need for comprehensive food safety measures. Recent attention has turned to postbiotics, metabolic byproducts of probiotics, as potential agents for enhancing food safety. Postbiotics, including organic acids, enzymes, and bacteriocins, exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that do not require live organisms, and this offers advantages over probiotics. This literature review critically examines the role of postbiotics in gut microbiome modulation and applications in the food industry. Through an extensive review of existing literature, this study evaluates the impact of postbiotics on gut microbiome composition and their potential as functional food ingredients. Research indicates that postbiotics are effective in inhibiting food pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli, as well as their ability to prevent oxidative stress‐related diseases, and they also show promise as alternatives to conventional food preservatives that can extend food shelf life by inhibiting harmful bacterial growth. Their application in functional foods contributes to improved gut health and reduced risk of foodborne illnesses. Findings suggest that postbiotics hold promise for improving health and preservation by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria growth and modulating immune responses.
Sanziguben Polysaccharides Attenuate Renal Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition in Diabetic Nephropathy through Nrf2‐Mediated Regulation of TGF‐β1/Smad7 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Wang Fan , Liu Chang , Lu Xiangyi , Xu Weiping , Yu Yang , Bai Shasha , Chen Zhilian
Published: August 2024

Context. Sanziguben polysaccharides (SZP) have renal protection properties and can reduce renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DM). However, the mechanism of SZP’s renal protection effect is not yet clear. Objectives. Our study intended to clarify the mechanism of SZP’s renal protection effect in DM. Materials and Methods. In this study, streptozotocin‐induced C57BL/6J diabetic nephropathy mice and high glucose combined with TGF‐β1‐induced EMT in HK‐2 cells were used to investigate the effect of Sanziguben polysaccharides. ShRNA‐constructed Nrf2 knockdown HK‐2 cells were used to explore the role of Nrf2 in Sanziguben polysaccharides inhibiting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Results. In vivo, the results showed that Sanziguben polysaccharides improved renal epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and oxidative stress, and SZP was shown to activate the renal Nrf2, increase Smad7, and inhibit the expression of TGF‐β1 (1.05‐ to 0.71‐fold, 1.66‐ to 0.40‐fold and 0.96‐ to 1.31‐fold, respectively). In vitro, SZP ameliorated HK‐2 cell epithelial‐mesenchymal transition induced by HG combined with TGF‐β1, increased the expression of Nrf2 and Smad7, and suppressed the expression of TGF‐β1 (1.50‐ to 1.12‐fold, 1.49‐ to 1.07‐fold, and 0.94‐ to 1.38‐fold, respectively). In addition, the above effects of Sanziguben polysaccharides on Nrf2 knockdown HK‐2 cells were weakened. Conclusions. The findings suggest that Sanziguben polysaccharides may improve renal epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy through Nrf2‐mediated regulation of TGF‐β1/Smad7 signaling pathway.