bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Enables the Detection of Recurrent Same-Site Deep Vein Thrombosis by Illuminating Recently Formed, Neutrophil-Rich Thrombus
Authors: Hara Tetsuya , Truelove Jessica , Tawakol Ahmed , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Hucker William J. , MacNabb Megan H. , Brownell Anna-Liisa , Jokivarsi Kimmo , Kessinger Chase W. , Jaff Michael R. , Henke Peter K. , Weissleder Ralph , Jaffer Farouc A.
Published: July 2014

Background—

Accurate detection of recurrent same-site deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a challenging clinical problem. Because DVT formation and resolution are associated with a preponderance of inflammatory cells, we investigated whether noninvasive
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging could identify inflamed, recently formed thrombi and thereby improve the diagnosis of recurrent DVT.

Methods and Results—

We established a stasis-induced DVT model in murine jugular veins and also a novel model of recurrent stasis DVT in mice. C57BL/6 mice (n=35) underwent ligation of the jugular vein to induce stasis DVT. FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) was performed at DVT time points of day 2, 4, 7, 14, or 2+16 (same-site recurrent DVT at day 2 overlying a primary DVT at day 16). Antibody-based neutrophil depletion was performed in a subset of mice before DVT formation and FDG-PET/CT. In a clinical study, 38 patients with lower extremity DVT or controls undergoing FDG-PET were analyzed. Stasis DVT demonstrated that the highest FDG signal occurred at day 2, followed by a time-dependent decrease (
P
<0.05). Histological analyses demonstrated that thrombus neutrophils (
P
<0.01), but not macrophages, correlated with thrombus PET signal intensity. Neutrophil depletion decreased FDG signals in day 2 DVT in comparison with controls (
P
=0.03). Recurrent DVT demonstrated significantly higher FDG uptake than organized day 14 DVT (
P
=0.03). The FDG DVT signal in patients also exhibited a time-dependent decrease (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—

Noninvasive FDG-PET/CT identifies neutrophil-dependent thrombus inflammation in murine DVT, and demonstrates a time-dependent signal decrease in both murine and clinical DVT. FDG-PET/CT may offer a molecular imaging strategy to accurately diagnose recurrent DVT.
Dasyphyllum diamantinense (Asteraceae, Barnadesioideae): a new species from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Saavedra Mariana Machado , Monge Marcelo , Guimarães Elsie Franklin
Published: July 2014

Dasyphyllum diamantinense is a new species endemic to the Chapada Diamantina Mountains in the northern section of the Espinhaço Range, in Bahia State, Brazil, which grows in rocky fields, forests and savannas, and on inselbergs. The new taxon is morphologically similar to Dasyphyllum leptacanthum. Affinities and diagnostic characters are discussed, and illustrations and a map are provided.
Diurnal Restratification Events in the Southeast Pacific Trade Wind Regime
Authors: Weller Robert A. , Majumder Sudip , Tandon Amit
Published: July 2014

This paper describes the occurrence of diurnal restratification events found in the southeast trade wind regime off northern Chile. This is a region where persistent marine stratus clouds are found and where there is a less than complete understanding of the dynamics that govern the maintenance of the sea surface temperature. A surface mooring deployed in the region provides surface meteorological, air–sea flux, and upper-ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity data. In the presence of steady southeast trade winds and strong evaporation, a warm, salty surface mixed layer is found in the upper ocean. During the year, these trade winds, at times, drop dramatically and surface heating leads to the formation of shallow, warm diurnal mixed layers over one to several days. At the end of such a low wind period, mean sea surface temperature is warmer. Though magnitudes of the individual diurnal warming events are consistent with local forcing, as judged by running a one-dimensional model, the net warming at the end of a low wind event is more difficult to predict. This is found to stem from differences between the observed and predicted near-inertial shear and the depths over which the warmed water is distributed. As a result, the evolution of SST has a dependency on these diurnal restratification events and on near-surface processes that govern the depth over which the heat gained during such events is distributed.
The RelB alternative NF-kappaB subunit promotes autophagy in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells in vitro and affects mouse xenograft tumor growth in vivo
Authors: Labouba Ingrid , Poisson Alexis , Lafontaine Julie , Delvoye Nathalie , Gannon Philippe O , Le Page Cécile , Saad Fred , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie
Published: July 2014

Background

The involvement of NF-κB signaling in prostate cancer (PCa) has largely been established through the study of the classical p65 subunit. Nuclear localization of p65 in PCa patient tissues has been shown to correlate with biochemical recurrence, while in vitro studies have demonstrated that the classical NF-κB signaling pathway promotes PCa progression and metastatic potential. More recently, the nuclear location of RelB, a member of the alternative NF-κB signaling, has also been shown to correlate with the Gleason score. The current study aims to clarify the role of alternative NF-κB in PCa cells by exploring, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of RelB overexpression on PCa biology.

Methods

Using a lentivirus-expression system, we constitutively overexpressed RelB or control GFP into 22Rv1 cells and monitored alternative transcriptional NF-κB activity. In vivo, tumor growth was assessed after the injection of 22Rv1-derived cells into SCID mice. In vitro, the impact of RelB on 22Rv1 cell proliferation was evaluated in monolayer culture. The anchorage-independent cell growth of derived-22Rv1 cells was assessed by soft agar assay. Apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated by Western blot analysis in 22Rv1-derived cells cultured in suspension using poly-HEMA pre-coated dishes.

Results

The overexpression of RelB in 22Rv1 cells induced the constitutive activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway. In vivo, RelB expression caused a lag in the initiation of 22Rv1-induced tumors in SCID mice. In vitro, RelB stimulated the proliferation of 22Rv1 cells and reduced their ability to grow in soft agar. These observations may be reconciled by our findings that, when cultured in suspension on poly-HEMA pre-coated dishes, 22Rv1 cells expressing RelB were more susceptible to cell death, and more specifically to autophagy controlled death.

Conclusions

This study highlights a role of the alternative NF-κB pathway in proliferation and the controlled autophagy. Thus, the interplay of these properties may contribute to tumor survival in stress conditions while promoting PCa cells growth contributing to the overall tumorigenicity of these cells.
Current-voltage characteristics of nanoplatelet-based conductive nanocomposites
Authors: Oskouyi Amirhossein Biabangard , Sundararaj Uttandaraman , Mertiny Pierre
Published: July 2014

In this study, a numerical modeling approach was used to investigate the current-voltage behavior of conductive nanoplatelet-based nanocomposites. A three-dimensional continuum Monte Carlo model was employed to randomly disperse the nanoplatelets in a cubic representative volume element. A nonlinear finite element-based model was developed to evaluate the electrical behavior of the nanocomposite for different levels of the applied electric field. Also, the effect of filler loading on nonlinear conductivity behavior of nanocomposites was investigated. The validity of the developed model was verified through qualitative comparison of the simulation results with results obtained from experimental works.
Genetic fragmentation in India’s third longest river system, the Narmada
Authors: Khedkar Gulab D , Jamdade Rahul , Kalyankar Amol , Tiknaik Anita , Ron Tetsuzan Benny , Haymer David
Published: July 2014

India’s third longest river, the Narmada, is studied here for the potential effects on native fish populations of river fragmentation due to various barriers including dams and a waterfall. The species we studied include a cyprinid fish, Catla catla, and a mastacembelid, Mastacembelus armatus, both of which are found in the Narmada. Our goal was to use DNA sequence information from the D-loop region of the mitochondrial DNA to explore how this fragmentation could impact the genetic structure of these fish populations. Our results clearly show that these barriers can contribute to the fragmentation of the genetic structure of these fish communities, Furthermore, these barriers enhance the effects of natural isolation by distance and the asymmetry of dispersal flows. This may be a slow process, but it can create significant isolation and result in genetic disparity. In particular, populations furthest upstream having low migration rates could be even more subject to genetic impoverishment. This study serves as a first report of its kind for a river system on the Indian subcontinent. The results of this study also emphasize the need for appropriate attention towards the creation of fish passages across the dams and weirs that could help in maintaining biodiversity.
Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Elderly Patients: A Discussion of Treatment Options
Authors: Gajra Ajeet , Jatoi Aminah
Published: July 2014

Lung cancer is a disease of the elderly. In older patients, the management of a malignancy as complex and potentially as lethal as lung cancer is challenging. Despite the fact that a large proportion of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer are elderly, information remains scant on how best to treat these patients. The goal of this review is to discuss the published literature and to provide guidance on how to treat elderly patients within three broad stages: (1) metastatic cancer, (2) early-stage cancer after surgery, and (3) locally advanced inoperable cancer. Because decisions on how and when to prescribe systemic treatment can be particularly difficult, this review focuses heavily on chemotherapy-related treatment decisions with some discussion of emerging data on the use of the comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Substantiation of Industrial Facilities Safety by Risk Criteria and Earlystage Diagnostics
Authors: Пермяков  , Permyakov V. , Новосёлов  , Novoselov N. , Махутов  , Makhutov Nikolay , Спасибов  , Spasibov V.
Published: July 2014

The paper reviews integrated issues of safety and risks of technosphere objects. Importance of complex consideration of

technogenic, natural and human reasons for onset and progress of emergencies is stressed. Issues of multi-object earlystage

diagnostics (including acoustic emission, fragile strain-sensitive covers and aerosols) are up-to-date challenges for

potentially hazardous oil and gas facilities of crucial and strategic importance. Such diagnostics promote prevention of

crashes and catastrophes.
Coal Рroduction Safety by Risk Indexes
Authors: Хамидуллина  , Khamidullina Elena , Тимофеева  , Timofeeva Svetlana , Смирнов  , Smirnov G.
Published: July 2014

The aim of the article is to assess danger of coal production in mines by risk characteristics. F/N curves for the past 70-years period (1943-2012) and 21-years period (1992-2012) empirically demonstrate the severities and frequencies of fatal accidents in coal mining. The empirical F/N curve is compared to risk tolerability criteria, evidencing unacceptably high level of social risk for coal-mine staff.
Improving the Efficiency of Cold Production
Authors: Синцов  , Sintsov A.
Published: July 2014

The paper is dedicated to the use of renewable energy in cold production, particularly to recycling low temperature heat (below 160

°C) by the absorption chiller (AС). In most, it is a secondary energy resource, which eliminates carbon emissions and thermal pollution.

The possibility of increasing the efficiency of cold production for different consumers (including air conditioning) is considered. The

result is achieved by using a seasonal cold accumulator, which is also a renewable source. Structural diagram and description of

the workflow are proposed. The example of a single-stage water-ammonia AС illustrates the effect of external temperatures on the

workflow. Results of thermodynamic calculations prove efficiency of combined AС and seasonal cold accumulator.
High Efficiency Cyclone Filters for Decontamination of Dust and Gas Emissions
Authors: Каргашилов  , Kargashilov D. , Романюк  , Romanyuk E. , Некрасов  , Nekrasov A.
Published: July 2014

The article studies the new construction of cyclone and the results of its testing, which confirm higher efficiency of air

decontamination and lower hydraulic resistance. Operation process of the cyclone and methods of its geometric parameters’

calculation are provided.
Critical thinking skills in nurse education
Authors: Hosany Zaid , Trenoweth Steve
Published: July 2014

There is a paucity of qualitative research in the exploration of mental health nursing students’ perceptions on their experiences of the use of enquiry-based learning (EBL) as a learning method and it is unclear if EBL supports the development of critical thinking skills and dispositions (CTSD). This explorative study uses an interpretive methodology to explore pre-registration mental health nursing students’ lived experience of EBL in support of CTSD.
Student nurse experiences of the physical health and wellbeing of recovery patients
Authors: Forde Linda , McLaughlin Derek F
Published: July 2014

This study aimed to explore final-year mental health student nurses’ experiences of caring for the physical health and wellbeing of recovery patients. It examines what participants’ perceptions are of what they are taught and how they are prepared in university in relation to physical healthcare needs of recovery patients. One-to-one semi-structured interviews with seven final-year mental health-nursing students were conducted. The general consensus of the participants appeared to be that there is a need for more robust health promotion activity around physical health in mental health settings.
Commissioning end-of-life care
Authors: Olphert Anne-Maria
Published: July 2014

In the second of her series on the role of clinical commissioning groups (CCGs), Anne-Maria Olphert considers the challenges in arranging appropriate care for those nearing the end of life
Tackling the burden of dementia care in society
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: July 2014

Professor Alan Glasper discusses the commitment by the prime minister on behalf of the nation for a call to action to find answers to the burgeoning problem of dementia care, treatment and management.
Good communication and the safe healthcare environment
Authors: Tingle John
Published: July 2014

John Tingle discusses reports on health literacy, communicating adverse incidents and where the UK stands globally on patient safety.
Gingival inflammation and bleeding: an overview
Authors: Macpherson Patricia
Published: July 2014

Gingivitis and bleeding gums are commonplace. Gingival inflammation can progress into periodontitis and is also linked to a variety of health concerns. While gingivitis can often be resolved with good oral hygiene, some gum problems require referral for further investigation
Reducing the impact of ageing on dental health
Authors: Hayes Martina
Published: July 2014

Older people are more likely than previous generations to have their natural teeth and are less willing to accept dentures. Dental care professionals need to consider a number of factors that affect the dental health of older people, and employ preventive measures
Research into nurses’ and students’ educational needs
Authors: Parker Marie
Published: July 2014

Dental nursing is evolving rapidly, with roles expanding. While this means that more advanced knowledge and skills are needed, evidence on the education required is sparse. New research projects aim to address this and to ensure nurse training meets the needs of the profession
Engaging patients in the pre-travel consultation
Authors: Noble Lorraine
Published: July 2014

Lorraine Noble discusses how practice nurses can enhance travel health consultations through shared decision-making and the use of patientcentred approaches
What to do to prepare for a CQC inspection
Authors: Debbie Brown QN , Hilson Nicci
Published: July 2014

CQC inspections may seem daunting but there are a number of things that practice nurses and their colleagues can do to help ensure they are prepared for the visit when it comes
Telehealth in primary care: what's in it for me?
Authors: Collis Lauren , Whitmore Maggie , Chambers Ruth
Published: July 2014

A review of the effectiveness of a telehealth service in general practice
Student veterinary surgeon support for and knowledge of veterinary nursing professional regulation in the UK
Authors: Garlick Katy , Orpet Hilary
Published: July 2014

Objective:

To investigate UK student veterinary surgeons’ knowledge of and support for the veterinary nursing profession and how this differs between veterinary institutions.

Methods:

Data were examined from a quantitative questionnaire, sent to the population of final year veterinary students at each of the seven veterinary institutions in the UK.

Results:

An association was found between respondents attending a university offering a veterinary nursing degree and increased support for the veterinary nursing profession (p=0.016), this however did not influence respondents knowledge of the veterinary nursing profession. No statistical correlation was found between the university a respondent attended and respondents’ knowledge of and support for the veterinary nursing profession.

Conclusion:

Results demonstrated that final year veterinary students supported the veterinary nursing profession and veterinary student knowledge of the veterinary nursing profession was evenly distributed amongst the student veterinary surgeon population. Veterinary students attending universities which also offered veterinary nursing courses showed increased support for the veterinary nursing profession.
PETS — closer to home
Authors: Stokes Laura
Published: July 2014

Most of us will now be well used to the new Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) regulations that came into force from 1 January 2012. But with the focus having been on the requirements for travel into the UK from EU or ‘listed’ non-EU countries, uncertainty has developed around which rules apply to which countries.
First Peoples of Canada: Masterworks from the Canadian Museum of Civilization (Pilon and Prince, eds.)
Authors: Penaloza Patzak Brooke
Published: July 2014

This work is a book review considering the title First Peoples of Canada: Masterworks from the Canadian Museum of Civilization edited by Jean-Luc Pilon and Nicholette Prince.
The English Breakfast: The Biography of a National Meal with Recipes (O’Connor)
Authors: Kennedy Maria
Published: July 2014

This work is a book review considering the title The English Breakfast: The Biography of a National Meal with Recipes by Kaori O’Connor.
Pacific Hall: The Bishop Museum’s Renovation of a Permanent Exhibit
Authors: Golub Alex
Published: July 2014

This work is a review essay considering the renovated Pacific Hall at the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum.
Ética empresarial, interactividad y conexión emocional: paradigmas de la cultura corporativa de las empresas en la web 2.0
Authors: Oliva-Marañón Carlos , De la Quintana-García-Pérez Alfonso
Published: July 2014

La Comunicación Corporativa 2.0 se ha consolidado como una nueva estrategia de las empresas para diferenciarse, ampliar sus mercados y llegar a más consumidores. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar, a través de sus Páginas Web corporativas, el posicionamiento en Internet de tres corporaciones presentes en el proceso emocional-vital de muchas personas. Se han seleccionado el Grupo Hospitalario Quirón, el Grupo Laureate International Universities y el Banco Santander. Se ha analizado la comunicación corporativa online de estas entidades a través de la imagen de marca, la visión de la misión, los valores promulgados, los eslóganes, los vídeos institucionales, el acceso a las redes sociales y las memorias corporativas. Por un lado, los resultados confirman la idoneidad de estas herramientas online como paradigmas de consolidación de la Comunicación 2.0; la visibilidad de estas entidades a través de las redes sociales; así como la promulgación del compromiso, el dinamismo, la innovación, el liderazgo, la fortaleza, el espíritu de grupo, la internacionalidad, la orientación profesional y el enfoque de resultados como rasgos diferenciadores de estos grupos corporativos. Por otro lado, se constata la ocupación y preocupación de las empresas por el acercamiento a los usuarios de la Web 2.0; el reforzamiento de la cultura y la identidad de una compañía concretada en sus valores y en su misión para lograr su vinculación con las personas y la consolidación de su actividad emocional.
La interrelación entre las redes sociales específicas de la comunicación científica y las redes sociales de uso general
Authors: López Frías Claudia
Published: July 2014

Actualmente estamos inmersos en una era de cambios, donde las tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación están renovando todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida. En el ámbito científico el cambio íntimamente relacionado con las redes sociales, tanto las de uso general como las redes sociales específicas de la ciencia. Si en un principio se idearon como una moda adolescente actualmente se está convirtiendo en una herramienta que empieza a revolucionar la manera en la que se divulgan los resultados científicos. Uno de los objetivos más primordiales de las investigaciones es llegar hasta un gran número de ciudadanos debemos para ello interrelacionar más las redes sociales específicas de comunicaciones científicas con las redes sociales de uso general.
Outcomes in Multifocal Neuroblastoma as Part of the Neurocristopathy Syndrome
Authors: Williams Phoebe , Wegner Eva , Ziegler David S.
Published: July 2014

The neurocristopathy syndrome occurs because of a germline mutation of the paired-like homeobox 2b (PHOX2B) gene at 4p12, a neurogenesis regulator gene. The result is abnormal neural crest cell development resulting in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Hirschsprung disease, and neuroblastoma (NB), which is often multifocal and disseminated in its presentation. Previously, such widespread disease was regarded as highly aggressive and treated either with palliative intent or, conversely, with very intense, high-dose chemotherapy. We now present a patient who had neurocristopathy syndrome who had multifocal NB associated with an underlying germline PHOX2B mutation. He was treated conservatively with surgery and low-dose chemotherapy. After treatment he had extensive residual disease that has continued to mature despite no further treatment. A literature review identified 26 similar patients presenting with multifocal NB as part of the neurocristopathy syndrome. In all cases the NB behaved in an indolent manner with no deaths from tumor reported when patients received appropriate treatment. These provocative findings suggest for the first time that children who have neurocristopathy-associated NB should be treated conservatively, despite the aggressive appearance of their disease.
Updated Guidance for Palivizumab Prophylaxis Among Infants and Young Children at Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND BRONCHIOLITIS GUIDELINES COMMITTEE, Brady Michael T. , Byington Carrie L. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Jackson Mary Anne , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Orenstein Walter A. , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Ralston Shawn L. , Lieberthal Allan S. , Meissner H. Cody , Alverson Brian K. , Baley Jill E. , Gadomski Anne M. , Johnson David W. , Light Michael J. , Maraqa Nizar F. , Mendonca Eneida A. , Phelan Kieran J. , Zorc Joseph J. , Stanko-Lopp Danette , Hernández-Cancio Sinsi
Published: July 2014

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed February 2019.

Palivizumab was licensed in June 1998 by the Food and Drug Administration for the reduction of serious lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children at increased risk of severe disease. Since that time, the American Academy of Pediatrics has updated its guidance for the use of palivizumab 4 times as additional data became available to provide a better understanding of infants and young children at greatest risk of hospitalization attributable to RSV infection. The updated recommendations in this policy statement reflect new information regarding the seasonality of RSV circulation, palivizumab pharmacokinetics, the changing incidence of bronchiolitis hospitalizations, the effect of gestational age and other risk factors on RSV hospitalization rates, the mortality of children hospitalized with RSV infection, the effect of prophylaxis on wheezing, and palivizumab-resistant RSV isolates. This policy statement updates and replaces the recommendations found in the 2012 Red Book.
Вплив іонів Ni на активність аспартатамінотрансферази в листках Glechoma hederacea в умовах рийної діяльності ссавців
Authors: Pakhomov O. Y. , Vasilyuk O. M. , Zamesova T. A.
Published: July 2014

Визначено загальну активність ферментів класу трансфераз і вміст білків водорозчинної фракції в листках Glechoma hederacea L. Оцінено середовищетвірну роль рийної активності крота (Talpa europaea L.) в умовах екзогенного забруднення Ni у спектрі концентрацій 0,2, 1,0 та 2,0 г/м2, що відповідає 1, 5 та 10 гранично допустимим концентраціям (ГДК). Виявлено зниження активності аспартатамінотрансферази в листках G. hederacea на 12–65% і концентрації водорозчинної фракції білка на 30–60% відносно контролю (ділянка без забруднення на Ni та рийної активності крота). Комбінований ефект рийної активності T. europaea та дії Ni у дозах 5 та 10 ГДК сприяв збільшенню активності ферменту удвічі – утричі (порівняно з контролем у відповідній концентрації Ni). Концентрація водорозчинної фракції білка в листках G. hederacea L. в умовах рийної активності крота та за внесення Ni у максимальній концентрації знижена удвічі (порівняно з контролем у відповідній концентрації Ni), оскільки системі за даних умов навантаження важко відновити та нормалізувати функції, у той час як за низьких і середніх концентрацій Ni білковий обмін інтенсифікувався на 11–150%. Вивчено вплив рийної активності мишоподібних гризунів Apodemus sylvaticus L., A. flavicollis Melchior, Clethrionomys glareoles Schreber на формування біологічної активності ґрунтів заплав­ної діброви за умов їх забруднення Ni. Важкі метали значною мірою інгібують протеолітичну активність ґрунту, яка визначається активністю мікроорганізмів. Рийна діяльність гризунів сприяє відновленню біологічної активності та відіграє важливу роль у формуванні механізму гомеостазу в едафотопі. У місцях пориїв тварин при концентрації Ni 1 ГДКна глибині 0–30 см протеолітична активність вища в 1,99 раза порівняно з відповідними ділянками без пориїв, при 5 ГДК – у 1,92 раза, при 10 ГДК – в 1,90 раза вища.
Лісівничо-таксаційний аналіз лісів Дніпропетровської області
Authors: Sytnik S. A. , Lovinska V. M. , Velichko V M.
Published: July 2014

Наведено характеристику деревних насаджень лісів Дніпропетровської області, описано їх лісівничі особливості. Проаналізовано низку лісівничо-таксаційних показників деревостанів лісів Дніпропетровщини: розподіл за категоріями лісів, переважаючими породами, групами віку, поширення за типами лісу. Вказано на розбалансованість вікової структури лісових насаджень, на перевагу середньовікових та стиглих деревостанів. Наведено результати досліджень особливостей розподілу площ і запасів головних лісотвірних порід у різних у категоріях лісів. Обґрунтовано необхідність підтримання деревних насаджень лісових екосистем як таких, що мають значну екологічну й естетичну цінність.
The multipotent role of metallothionein in the nervous system
Authors: Ushakova G. А. , Kovalchuk Y. P.
Published: July 2014

We provide a commentary on current experimental and theoretical advances and frame our consideration in terms of the possible functions of MT I+II in the nervous system. Metallothioneins (MT) are a family of small cysteine rich proteins, which since their discovery in 1957 have been implicated in a range of roles including toxic metal detoxification, protection against oxidative stress, and as a metallochaperone involved in the homeostasis of both zinc and copper. The most well studied member of the family is the mammalian metallothionein, which consists of two domains: a β-domain with 9 cysteine residues and an α-domain with 11 cysteine residues. Despite over half a century of research, the exact functions of MT in the nervous system are still unknown. Our studies have shown that the distribution of MT-I+II in the brain after prolonged intoxication, inhalation of 0.1% CdCl2 for 1 hour twice a week over 19 weeks, is dependent on the part of the brain. The metallothionein level declines more than 4 times in the hippocampus 3 weeks after continuous intoxication of 0.1% CdCl2. The level of MT-I+II in the cerebral cortex decreased by 1.5 times compared with the control group and did not change significantly in the cerebellum and thalamus/hypothalamus. The results of an experimental model of postoperative pain indicated that injection with MT-II prevents the development of postoperative hyperalgesia in response to mild alteration of physiological activity. Activation of locomotory and exploratory activity, and decrease of anxiety in rats under MT-II treatment at 100 µg/rat manifests itself on the 4th day after surgery. Our experimental data indicate the multipotent function of MT I+II in the rat brain both as a metal detoxifier and as an inhibitor of postoperative pain.
Histometría de la glándula sublingual de ratones (Mus musculus) machos y hembras infectados con la cepa RAL del parásito de Chagas, Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: De Albuquerque Sérgio , Armando Lopes Ruberval , Angel Sala Miguel , Amelia Carraro Abrahao Ana , Domingues Ribeiro Rosa
Published: July 2014

Analizamos morfológica e histométricamente la glándula sublingual de ratones infectados con la cepa RAL del Trypanosoma cruzi, en machos y hembras. Usamos ratones albinos (Mus musculus), variedad Swiss, inoculados con 2x104 tripomastigotes sanguíneos de la cepa RAL del T. cruzi. Sacrificamos los animales en el pico de la parasitemia (12 día) y fijamos las glándulas sublinguales en ALFAC. Los cortes histológicos teñidos con HE fueron evaluados histométricamente (cariometría y estereología). La parasitemia fue más elevada en las hembras. Histopatológicamente, los ?ácinos? (acini) de los animales infectados eran menores, con escasa secreción, y conductos estriados menores. Los núcleos de las ?medialunas? eran menores y había nidos de amastigotes en el citoplasma. Cariométricamente, los núcleos de los ácinos, medialunas y conductos estriados eran menores en los ratones infectados. Estereológicamente, los volúmenes relativos ocupados por ácinos y conductos estriados fueron menores e, inversamente, fue mayor el volumen para el tejido conjuntivo de los machos infectados. Las densidades de superficie de ácinos y conductos fueron mayores, y el diámetro y el espesor de la pared menores, en este grupo. Por otro lado, la densidad de ácinos fue menor, y las de los conductos estriados y tejido conjuntivo, fueron mayores en las hembras infectadas. Las densidades de superficie de ácinos y conductos estriados fueron mayores, mientras que el diámetro y espesor de la pared de los ácinos fueron menores (y las de los conductos estriados mayores), en este grupo. La cepa RAL del T. cruzi causó un cuadro general de atrofia general en la glándula sublingual, con numerosos nidos de parásitos.
Crecimiento y reproducción del camarón Atya margaritacea (Decapoda: Atyidae) en el Río Presidio, Sinaloa, México
Authors: Sánchez Palacios Jesús , Beltrán Álvarez Rigoberto , Pedro Ramírez Lozano Juan
Published: July 2014

Se estudiaron el crecimiento y reproducción de Atya margaritacea, con base en 542 organismos capturados en cinco sitios distribuidos desde la parte media de la cuenca hasta la desembocadura del río Presidio (Sinaloa, NW de México). La recolecta se realizó mediante el empleo de una red Surber, recolectándose organismos cuya longitud total y peso total variaron de 15 a 96 mm y 0.1 a 25.2 g respectivamente. La proporción macho:hembra fue 1.96:1 y los machos alcanzaron las mayores tallas y pesos. La relación entre la longitud total (Lt) y el peso total (Pt) se estableció mediante el modelo Pt = 1.02x10-5 (Lt)3.2089 para los machos y por Pt = 2.29x10-5 (Lt)3.0159 para las hembras. El crecimiento en machos resultó alométricamente positivo mientras que en hembras fue isométrico. La regresión entre la longitud total y longitud cefalotórax (Lc) fue Log Lc = 1.1118 (Log Lt)- 0.6087 en machos y Log Lc = 0.9945 (Log Lt)- 0.4321 en hembras. El crecimiento relativo entre estas partes del cuerpo resultó alométrico positivo en machos e isométrico en hembras, indicando un claro dimorfismo sexual de estos organismos. Hembras ovígeras se presentaron en la época de lluvias (julio a noviembre). La fecundidad absoluta varió de 1 860 a 22 400 huevos en hembras de 43 y 59 mm de longitud y de 1.9 a 6.0 g de peso. La ecuación que relacionó el número de huevos con la longitud y peso, fue Fec = 8.3x10-7 (Lt)5.8053 y Fec = 732 (Pt)1.836 respectivamente.
Fenología reproductiva de las especies arbóreas del bosque tropical de Tenosique, Tabasco, México
Authors: Ochoa Gaona Susana , Pérez Hernández Isidro , H.J. de Jong Bernardus
Published: July 2014

La fenología de 341 árboles que corresponden a 75 especies fue estudiada en las montañas de Tenosique, Tabasco, entre agosto del 2003 hasta agosto del 2005. Para ello, se establecieron cinco transectos de 500 m de largo por cinco metros de ancho, los cuales se evaluaron mensualmente. Si alguno de los individuos de las especies tenía flores o frutos, la especie como un todo fue considerada en floración o fructificación en ese mes. Se aplicaron pruebas de homogeneidad de ji-cuadrada para evaluar la homogeneidad de la floración y fructificación a lo largo del año y por periodos bimensuales. La floración fue bimodal, con un pico de mayor floración de marzo a abril que corresponde a menor precipitación. En julio se presentó un segundo pico de floración con 21 especies, correspondiendo igualmente a un decrecimiento de la precipitación. El mayor número de especies con fruto se presentó entre mayo y junio, el cual no fue significativo estadísticamente. También se analizan los patrones fenológicos de las familias con mayor número de especies, los cuales difirieron entre sí. No se encontró relación entre el número de especies floreciendo o fructificando y la precipitación promedio mensual. Se encontraron picos fenológicos poco marcados debido a que en la zona de estudio la estacionalidad es poco marcada. Los patrones fenológicos varían dentro de una especie, entre años y entre localidades. Los datos que se aportan en el presente trabajo son relevantes para definir los periodos apropiados de recolecta de semillas para la realización de prácticas de manejo y conservación.
Efecto de la explotación forestal sobre la estructura, diversidad y composición florística de los palmitales de la Selva Atlántica en Misiones, Argentina
Authors: E. Chediak Sandra
Published: July 2014

Se analizó el efecto del aprovechamiento forestal (maderero y de la extracción de palmitos; Euterpe edulis, Palmae) sobre la estructura, diversidad y composición florística de los bosques denominados palmitales de la Selva Atlántica Argentina (54 °13' W, 25°41' S), en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina. Se establecieron 3 ha de parcelas permanentes, dos ubicadas en la zona intangible del Parque Nacional Iguazú (PNI) y otra en un sitio lindante aprovechado forestalmente. Se midieron tres parcelas no permanentes cada una de 0.2 ha. Una se ubicó en la zona de reserva del PNI donde hay extracciones ilegales de palmito. Las otras dos estaban en sitios con aprovechamiento forestal. Todos los árboles y palmitos DAP > 10 cm fueron identificados y se les midió DAP y altura. Para cada uno de los 6 sitios se estimó riqueza y diversidad de especies arbóreas, composición específica, número de especies endémicas y densidad de árboles de especies aprovechables forestalmente. La riqueza y diversidad de especies se correlacionó con la densidad de palmito. Los índices de Shannon de los sitios se compararon con la prueba t y la corrección de Bonferroni. Las estructuras diamétricas considerando todos los árboles y solo las especies maderables se compararon con la prueba de Duncan. El aprovechamiento de E. edulis aumenta la densidad de otras especies arbóreas, disminuyendo la densidad de palmitos. El aprovechamiento forestal va acompañado de un aumento en la diversidad y en la densidad de especies heliofilas que son las que tienen mayor valor maderero en la región. Este aprovechamiento disminuye la densidad de palmitos, de especies endémicas que normalmente ocurren en bajas densidades y de especies que se encuentran en la lista roja de la UICN. Los resultados sugieren que se puede manejar la estructura del bosque para la producción de maderera y de palmito. La zona intangible del PNI es la que tiene mayor valor para la conservación de la Selva Atlántica ya que en él se encuentran mayor número de endemismos y las especies en peligro de extinción.
Priocharax nanus, a new miniature characid from the rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characiformes), with an updated list of miniature Neotropical freshwater fishes
Authors: Toledo-Piza Mônica , Mattox George M. T. , Britz Ralf
Published: July 2014

Priocharax nanus, new species, is described from the rio Negro, Brazil. It is a miniature fish that retains as an adult the larval rayless pectoral fin, a diagnostic character of the genus. Priocharax nanus possesses fewer reductive features compared to congeners, P. ariel and P. pygmaeus, from which it can be distinguished by the presence of i,6 pelvic-fin rays (vs. i,5), the presence of the claustrum (vs. claustrum absent) and the presence of two postcleithra (vs. postcleithra absent). An updated list of 213 species of miniature Neotropical freshwater fishes is presented. The greatest diversity among them is represented by the Characiformes with 87 miniature species.
A taxonomic review of the species of CharaxScopoli, 1777 (Teleostei: Characidae: Characinae) with description of a new species from the rio Negro bearing superficial neuromasts on body scales, Amazon basin, Brazil
Authors: Menezes Naércio A. , Lucena Carlos Alberto S. de
Published: July 2014

The species of Charaxwere reviewed by Lucena (1987) who a little later (1989) added three new species to the genus. Examination of recently collected specimens from museum collections documented the more extensive geographic distribution for most species and revealed the existence of a new species in which superficial neuromasts were discovered and are herein described. These skin structures were also detected in C. metae Eigenmann, 1922. Anal- and pelvic-fin hooks previously observed only on the anal-fin of one species of the genus are described herein in some other species. Charax unimaculatus Lucena is considered a junior synonym of C. michaeli Lucena. All the species are redescribed and the new species described.
A new stem fossil characid (Teleostei: Ostariophysi) from the Eocene-Oligocene of southeastern Brazil
Authors: Weiss Fernanda E. , Malabarba Maria Claudia , Malabarba Luiz R.
Published: July 2014

A new characiform is herein described from the Eocene-Oligocene sediments exposed in the Aiuruoca basin, in southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Recently, two other characid species were described for this same fossil level: †Paleotetra aiuruoca and †Paleotetra entrecorregos. The holotype of this new characiform is represented by an articulated specimen preserved as part and counterpart, in which the most anterior part of the head is missing, including the jaws. Despite the lack of the diagnostic characters from the snout, a unique combination of characters allows its differentiation from other Neotropical characiforms, raising a new genus and species: †Bryconetes enigmaticus. Among these characters are: the presence of a supraorbital, dentary with inflated pentacuspidate teeth arranged in a single row, infraorbital 3 expanded and ornamented with punctuations and grooves, a large anal fin with iii+22-23 rays, and the caudal fin with 11 ventral procurrent rays of which the anteriormost are fused in laminar bones. A phylogenetic analysis using morphological data was performed and recovered †Bryconetes enigmaticus as a stem group to characiforms lacking a supraorbital. Based on the results of this analysis, a discussion of the potential relationships of the new taxon with other characiforms is presented.
A comparative study of the acute toxicity of the herbicide atrazine to cladocerans Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera
Authors: Moreira Raquel Aparecida , Mansano Adrislaine da Silva , Silva Lidiane Cristina da , Rocha Odete
Published: July 2014

AIM: In this study we compared the sensitivity of three species of Cladocera, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera, to the commercial product of the herbicide Atrazine, the Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (500 g/L), widely used on crops in Brazil. METHODS: Acute toxicity tests were performed at the nominal atrazine concentrations 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36 and 72 mg L-1, on C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera and at 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36, 72 and 144 mg L-1 on D. magna. The range of concentrations tested was established in a series of preliminary tests. RESULTS: The toxicity tests showed that the two species naturally occurring in water bodies in Brazil were more susceptible than Daphnia magna. The effective concentrations of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (EC50- 48 h) to the species M. flabelligera, C. silvestrii and D. magna were 12.37 ± 2.67 mg L-1, 14.30 ± 1.55 mg L-1 and 50.41 ± 2.64 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, when EC50 observed here for M. flabelligera and C. silvestrii were compared with published values of EC50 or LC50 (mg L-1) for various aquatic organisms exposed to atrazine, it was seen that these two cladocerans were the most sensitive to the herbicide. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results and the broad distribution of C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera in tropical and subtropical regions, it is concluded that these native species would be valuable test organisms in ecotoxicological tests, for the monitoring of toxic substances in tropical freshwaters.
Constantine viaduct: a new landmark for the city of bridges
Authors: Asferg Jesper L. , Hansen Torben Scholdan , Jensen Uffe Graaskov
Published: July 2014

The core part of the Constantine viaduct is a 756 m long cable-stayed bridge currently under construction in Constantine, Algeria. Due to its slender appearance, clear visual lines and prominent location, it will be another landmark structure for a city already known for its historic and beautiful bridges. This paper focuses on the design and construction of the cable-stayed bridge with its 259 m main span, central pylons, central cable plane and post-tensioned concrete box girder with internal and external tendons. The architectural form is characterised by extensive use of curved structural elements. The design considerations associated with placing an aesthetically pleasing major bridge in the centre of an old city with many restrictions to alignment and consequently complex geometry are addressed. The paper outlines key structural elements and selected details such as the anchorage blocks for the stay cables in the bridge girder and the monolithic connection between the pylon and the deck. It also reports on the construction methodology and control.
An effective GC method for the determination of the fatty acid composition in silkworm pupae oil using a two-step methylation process
Authors: Wang Jun , Wu Weiwei , Wang Xudong , Wang Min , Wu Fuan
Published: July 2014

In search of an accurate and effective method to determine fatty acid
composition in silkworm pupae oils, five methylation methods were evaluated
for use in the gas chromatographic (GC) quantitation of fatty acid methyl
esters (FAMEs), including one-step esterification catalyzed by an acidic
(H2SO4 and BF3) or alkali catalyst (KOH and NaOCH3) and a two-step procedure
catalyzed successively by KOH and H2SO4. These methods were comparatively
adopted to quantify FAMEs in silkworm pupae oil using GC-MS and GC and then
validate their precision, stability and average recovery rates. The results
indicated that compared with the other four methyl esterification methods,
two-step methylation effectively improves the synthesis yield of FAMEs,
conserves agents, and eliminates the usage of potential harmful reagents.
The proposed GC method has been validated, shows good accuracy and
precision, and has been applied successfully to the quantification of FAMEs
in several varieties of silkworm pupae oils. The short analytical run time
leads to low costs and a fast chromatographic procedure. In summary,
two-step pretreatment had superior performance, providing technical
references for the determination and analysis of fatty acids in other oils.
Falling Insulin Requirements Are Associated With Adverse Obstetric Outcomes in Women With Preexisting Diabetes
Authors: Padmanabhan Suja , McLean Mark , Cheung N. Wah
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the clinical significance of falling insulin requirements in women with preexisting or overt diabetes in pregnancy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A retrospective review of 139 pregnancies was conducted in women, with preexisting diabetes, delivering between January 2010 and January 2013. Women with falling insulin requirements of 15% or more from the peak total daily dose in late pregnancy were considered case subjects (n = 35). The primary outcome consisted of a composite of clinical markers of placental dysfunction, including preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA, ≤5th percentile for gestational age), stillbirth (>20 weeks), and premature delivery (≤30 weeks).

RESULTS

A total of 25.2% of women had >15% fall in insulin requirements with nulliparity as the only predictor at baseline (odds ratio [OR] 2.5 [95% CI 1.1–5.7], P = 0.03). Falling insulin requirements were associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (OR 3.5 [1.1–10.7], P < 0.05) and the composite of clinical markers of placental dysfunction (4.4 [1.73–11.26], P = 0.002). Although falling insulin requirements were associated with higher rates of SGA (3.4 [1.0–11.3], P = 0.048), they were not associated with other adverse neonatal outcomes. However, there was a higher incidence of neonatal intensive care unit admission (15.5 [3.1–77.6], P = 0.001) and earlier delivery in this group (median 37.7 weeks [IQR 34.3–38.4] vs. 38.3 weeks [37.4–38.9], P = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS

Falling insulin requirements, in women with preexisting diabetes, are associated with an increased risk of complications related to placental dysfunction. Further prospective studies are needed to guide clinical management.
Analysis of the School Anxiety Inventory in Brazil Using the Rasch Rating Scale Model
Authors: Oliveira Sandra M. da S. S. , Fernandes Débora C. , Sisto Fermino F.
Published: July 2014

This study assessed the quality of the items of the School Anxiety Inventory using the Rating-Scale Rasch model. The Inventory was administered to 253 grade school pupils, ranging in age from 9 to 12 yr. ( M = 10.2 yr., SD = 0.98); most were girls (52.8%). The results showed that the items and participants adequately fit the Rasch model. The average anxiety of these children was 0.32 logits ( SD = 1.60). The inventory items revealed good reliability (Item Reliability Index = 0.98; Cronbach's α = .74), and the fit indicators for the response categories were adequate for 50% of the items, while the other items revealed dichotomous responses. No item functioned differentially for boys and girls. The psychometric properties of the inventory were good enough to encourage plans for further development.