bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of serum type IV collagen 7S concentration for the staging of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Honda Yasushi , Yoneda Masato , Kobayashi Takashi , Iwaki Michihiro , Kawamura Nobuyoshi , Nogami Asako , Kessoku Takaomi , Ogawa Yuji , Tomeno Wataru , Imajo Kento , Horita Nobuyuki , Saito Satoru , Kaneko Takeshi , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: November 2022

Aim

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of serum type IV collagen 7S (T4C7S) concentration for the staging of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

A systematic search or published works was carried out using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for studies of the accuracy of serum T4C7S concentration for the staging of fibrosis using Fibrosis stage (F)0–4 in patients with NAFLD diagnosed by liver biopsy.

Results

Nine articles describing 1475 participants with NAFLD were included. For fibrosis ≥F1, with n = 849, summary estimates of sensitivity of 0.79, specificity of 0.69, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 were obtained using a median T7C4S cut‐off value of 4.6 ng/ml. For fibrosis ≥F2, with n = 1,090, summary estimates of sensitivity of 0.78, specificity of 0.78, and AUC of 0.84 were obtained using a median cut‐off value of 4.9 ng/ml. For fibrosis ≥F3, with n = 1311 participants and a median cut‐off value of 5.4 ng/ml, a pooled sensitivity of 0.82, specificity of 0.81, and AUC of 0.83 were obtained. For fibrosis ≥F4, with n = 753 and a median cut‐off value of 6.6 ng/ml, a pooled sensitivity of 0.85, specificity of 0.81, and AUC of 0.85 were obtained.

Conclusions

Serum T4C7S concentration was found to be an accurate method of staging liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
Salivary carcinosarcoma: insight into multistep pathogenesis indicates uniform origin as sarcomatoid variant of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with frequent heterologous elements
Authors: Ihrler Stephan , Stiefel David , Jurmeister Philipp , Sandison Ann , Chaston Nicola , Laco Jan , Zidar Nina , Brcic Luka , Stoehr Robert , Agaimy Abbas
Published: November 2022

Aims

The formal pathogenesis of salivary carcinosarcoma (SCS) remained unclear, both with respect to the hypothetical development from either preexisting pleomorphic adenoma (PA) or de novo and the clonal relationship between highly heterogeneous carcinomatous and sarcomatous components.

Methods and results

We performed clinicopathological and molecular (targeted RNA sequencing) analyses on a large series of 16 cases and combined this with a comprehensive literature search (111 cases). Extensive sampling (average 11.6 blocks), combined with immunohistochemistry and molecular studies (PA‐specific translocations including PLAG1 or HMGA2 proven in 6/16 cases), enabled the morphogenetic identification of PA in 15/16 cases (93.8%), by far surpassing a reported rate of 49.6%. Furthermore, we demonstrated a multistep (intraductal/intracapsular/extracapsular) adenoma‐carcinoma‐sarcoma‐progression, based on two alternative histogenetic pathways (intraductal, 56.3%, versus myoepithelial pathway, 37.5%). Thereby, early intracapsular stages are identical to conventional carcinoma ex PA, while later extracapsular stages are dominated by secondary, frequently heterologous sarcomatous transformation with often large tumour size (>60 mm).

Conclusion

Our findings strongly indicate that SCS (almost) always develops from PA, with a complex multistep adenoma‐carcinoma‐sarcoma‐sequence, based on two alternative histogenetic pathways. The findings from this novel approach strongly suggest that SCS pathogenetically is a rare (3–6%), unique, and aggressive variant of carcinoma ex PA with secondary sarcomatous overgrowth. In analogy to changes of terminology in other organs, the term “sarcomatoid carcinoma ex PA with/without heterologous elements” might be more appropriate.
Associations between HIV stigma and social support for people living with HIV in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Tripathi Saumya , Azhar Sameena
Published: November 2022

The present study examined the association between social support and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) stigma through a survey of 150 people living with HIV (PLWH) in Hyderabad, India. Survey items to assess social support were adapted from the HIV Cost Services and Utilization Survey. HIV stigma was measured using Zelaya and Jeyaseelan scales that were previously validated in India. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an inverse association between social support and HIV stigma across both stigma scales. Depression further intensified the level of stigma faced by PLWH who had lower levels of social support. Third‐gender individuals experienced significantly higher HIV stigma and lower social support than cisgender men. Social support must be used as a protective factor in current HIV stigma reduction interventions. Findings highlight the need to adopt a gender‐sensitive social support framework in HIV care policies to better address HIV stigma in the Indian context.
Challenging scalar fallacy in state‐wide welfare studies: AUKsub‐state comparison of civil society approaches to addressing youth unemployment
Authors: Pearce Sioned , Lagana Giada
Published: November 2022

Here we make an original, empirical contribution to debates on welfare pluralism, the mixed economies of welfare and territorial rescaling by comparing civil society approaches to tackling youth unemployment in England, Scotland and Wales. Our core finding is that academic and policy literature's frequent characterisation of the UK as a single Liberal welfare regime is based on methodological nationalism privileging state‐wide analyses. In short, a scalar fallacy pervasive in international welfare studies. In the context of the global rise of meso‐government and so‐called ‘stateless nations’ pressing for greater autonomy, our case‐study challenges the dominant paradigm. Our analysis shows the liberal characteristics of work‐first policy orientation and marketised civil society are concentrated in England then tempered by devolved (social) policy. Based on contrasting, left‐of‐centre and civic nationalist governing traditions, grounded in multi‐level electoral politics, we show the devolved nations taking a different approach to Westminster, partially eschewing the market and incorporating collectivism and co‐production.
The affiliative power of others' pain online
Authors: Mitchell Jessie , Occhipinti Stefano , Oaten Megan
Published: November 2022

Pain is rarely suffered alone. In contemporary online contexts, publicly shared pain can command the collective attention of hundreds, even millions of people. We sought to explore the possibility that collectively attending to others' pain promotes affiliation among those with whom it is attended online and identify the mechanisms that mediate these effects. Across two experimental studies, utilizing independent group designs, physically dispersed undergraduate students attended to real‐world videos depicting either physical, social, or no‐pain online. In Study 1 (N = 74, 66.22% female, Mage = 25.31 years, SDage = 6.81 years), we found evidence for the phenomenon of pain collectively attended to online, with online videos depicting physical and social pain eliciting stronger perceptions of collective attention than the non‐painful online video. In Study 2 (Time 1: N = 185, 75.14% female, Mage = 22.62 years, SDage = 7.44 years; Time 2: N = 91, 72.53% female, Mage = 23.32, SDage = 8.19), we subsequently found collectively attending to others' physical and social pain online indirectly promoted cohesion, interpersonal closeness, and desire to affiliate among participants through perceived emotional synchrony. This pattern of indirect effects was found immediately after collective attention to painful online content (Time 1) and at 1‐week follow‐up (Time 2). Although preliminary, our findings increase practical understanding of how shared pain can be harnessed to bond physically dispersed individuals together online, the implications of which we discuss in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Optimal local impedance parameters for successful pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Fukaya Hidehira , Mori Hitoshi , Oikawa Jun , Kawano Daisuke , Nakamura Hironori , Ishizue Naruya , Kishihara Jun , Hojo Rintaro , Tsutsui Kenta , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Kato Ritsushi , Fukamizu Seiji
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Local impedance (LI) parameters of IntellaNav STABLEPOINT for successful pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) of atrial fibrillation (AF) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to seek LI data achieving successful PVI.

Methods

Consecutive AF patients who underwent catheter ablation with STABLEPOINT were prospectively enrolled in two centers. PVI was performed under a constant 35‐or 40‐watt power, 20‐s duration, and >5‐g contact force. The operators were blinded to the LI data. The characteristics of all ablation points with/without conduction gaps (Unsuccess or Success tags) after the first‐attempt PVI were evaluated for the right/left PVs and anterior/posterior wall (RPV/LPV and AW/PW, respectively), and cutoff values of LI data were calculated for successful lesion formation.

Results

A total of 5257 ablation points in 102 patients (65 [58–72] years old, 65.7% male) were evaluated. The LI drop values were higher in the Success tags than Unsuccess tags on the LPV‐AW and RPV‐AW/PW (p < .001), except for the LPV‐PW (p = .105). The %LI drop values (LI drop/initial LI) were higher for the Success tags in all areas (15.8 [12.2%–19.6%] vs. 11.6 [9.7%–15.6%] in LPV‐AW: p < .001, 15.0 [11.5%–19.3%] vs. 11.4 [8.7%–17.3%] in LPV‐PW: p = .035, 15.3 [11.5%–19.4%] vs. 9.9 [8.1%–13.7%] in RPV‐AW: p < .001, and 13.3 [10.1%–17.4%] vs. 8.1 [6.3%–9.5%] in RPV‐PW, p < .001). The LI drop and %LI drop cutoff values were 20.0 ohms and 11.6%, respectively.

Conclusions

An insufficient LI drop with STABLEPOINT was associated with a gap formation during PVI, and the best cutoff values for the LI drop and %LI drop were 20.0 ohms and 11.6%, respectively.
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and procedural outcome in patients undergoing catheter ablation for premature ventricular complexes
Authors: Zou Fengwei , Di Biase Luigi , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Zhang Xiaodong , Shetty Sai Shishir , Gianni Carola , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Lin Aung , Arosio Roberto , Schiavone Marco , Forleo Giovanni , Mayedo Angel , MacDonald Bryan , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Bassiouny Mohamed , Gallinghouse G. Joseph , Horton Rodney , Burkhardt John D. , Natale Andrea
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and premature ventricular complexes (PVC) are common arrhythmias. We aimed to investigate AF prevalence in patients with PVC and its impact on PVC ablation outcomes.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing PVC ablation at a single institution between 2016 and 2019 were included and prospectively followed for 2 years. Patients with severe valvular heart disease, hyperthyroidism, malignancy, alcohol use disorder and advanced renal/hepatic diseases were excluded. Twelve‐lead electrocardiograms were used to diagnose AF and assess PVC morphology. All PVCs were targeted for ablation using 4‐mm irrigated‐tip catheters at standardized radiofrequency power guided by 3‐D mapping and intracardiac echocardiography. Patients were followed with remote monitoring, device interrogations and office visits every 6 months for 2 years. Detection of any PVCs in follow‐up was considered as recurrence.

Results

A total of 394 patients underwent PVC ablation and 96 (24%) had concurrent AF. Patients with PVC and AF were significantly older (68.2 ± 10.8 vs. 58.3 ± 15.8 years, p < .001), had lower LV ejection fraction (43.3 ± 13.3% vs. 49.6 ± 12.4%, p < .001), higher CHA2DS2‐VASc (2.8 ± 1.3 vs. 2.0 ± 1.3, p < .001) than those without. PVCs with ≥2 morphologies were detected in 60.4% and 13.7% patients with vs without AF (p < .001). At 2‐year follow‐up, PVC recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with vs without AF (17.7% vs. 9.4%, p = .02).

Conclusion

AF was documented in 1/4 of patients undergoing PVC ablation and was associated with lower procedural success at long‐term follow‐up. This was likely attributed to older age, worse LV function and higher prevalence of multiple PVC morphologies in patients with concurrent AF.
Efficacy of professionally administered chemical agents as an adjunctive treatment to sub‐marginal instrumentation during the therapy of peri‐implant mucositis
Authors: Dommisch Henrik , Hoedke Daniela , Valles Cristina , Vilarrasa Javi , Jepsen Søren , Pascual La Rocca Andres
Published: November 2022

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of professionally administered chemical agents as an adjunctive treatment to sub‐marginal instrumentation (SMI) in the therapy of peri‐implant mucositis.

Materials and Methods

The primary outcome criteria were reduction in bleeding on probing (BOP), whereas resolution of disease, elimination of suppuration, including suppuration on probing, reduction of peri‐implant probing pocket depth, reduction of plaque, and patient‐reported outcome measures were considered as secondary outcome parameters. A literature search was performed on three electronic databases (01/1980 to 05/2022) focused on clinical studies with at least 3 months of follow‐up, and meta‐analyses were performed when appropriate.

Results

From a total of 139 publications, 40 articles were identified for full‐text reading, and 5 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), 1 RCT on chlorhexidine (CHX), and 1 RCT on sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were included. Three studies had a low risk of bias and four had a mid‐level (some concerns) risk of bias. The application of aPDT, 0.95% NaOCl, or 0.12% CHX as an adjunctive treatment to SMI showed no difference in changes in BOP and PD compared with SMI alone (p > .05).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this review and based on a low level of evidence from seven RCTs, it is concluded that the professional adjunctive topical application of aPDT, 0.95% NaOCl, and 0.12% CHX may not be effective to improve changes for BOP and PD when compared with SMI alone.
Efficacy of chemical approaches for implant surface decontamination in conjunction with sub‐marginal instrumentation, in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A systematic review
Authors: de Waal Yvonne C. M. , Winning Lewis , Stavropoulos Andreas , Polyzois Ioannis
Published: November 2022

Aim

To answer the following PICOS question: In adult patients with peri‐implantitis, what is the efficacy of sub‐marginal instrumentation combined with chemical surface decontamination in comparison with sub‐marginal instrumentation with or without placebo, in terms of changes in probing depth (PD) and/or bleeding on probing, as reported in prospective randomized controlled trials, non‐randomized controlled trials, or prospective cohort studies, with a minimum of 6‐month “follow‐up”.

Materials and Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and The Cochrane Library of the Cochrane Collaboration (CENTRAL) for articles published until March 2022. Data addressing the primary and secondary outcomes were extracted.

Results

The search gave 2033 results of which 3 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two studies investigated the use of anti‐microbial photodynamic therapy as adjunct to sub‐marginal instrumentation and the third study assessed the adjunctive use of a desiccant material. A meta‐analysis was not deemed meaningful because of the large heterogeneity among the studies. All three studies showed favourable results in terms of PD reduction for chemical surface decontamination over control approaches, but were inconsistent or showed no differences for the other outcome variables.

Conclusions

Adjunctive chemical approaches for implant surface decontamination may offer an advantage over sub‐marginal instrumentation alone, in terms of improved PD.
Effect of cold plasma on different polyphenol compounds: A review
Authors: Kumar Sitesh , Pipliya Sunil , Srivastav Prem Prakash
Published: November 2022

Thermal processing has been predominantly used in the food industry to improve food safety and shelf life. However, heat treatment induces detrimental effects like cooked flavor, texture change, and alteration in sensory attributes. These disadvantages encouraged the food industry to adopt non‐thermal food processing technologies. Cold plasma is a promising non‐thermal food processing method that uses charged, highly reactive gaseous molecules and species to inactivate contaminating microorganisms present in foods. Thus, it has attracted the attention of scientists globally. This review gives the reader an overview of cold plasma technology fundamentals and the detailed mechanism of interaction of reactive plasma species with the polyphenol compounds (simple phenolic acid, individual phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanin) present in food. The impact of cold plasma on polyphenol compounds mainly depends on the food matrix and plasma process parameters, viz. voltage, feed gas, and treatment time. Among various polyphenols, flavonoids are degraded faster because of their high ability to scavenge plasma‐generated free radicals. The reactive species cause oxidative degradation, double bond cleavage of polyphenol compounds, and aid in the extraction of phenolic compounds. The cold plasma technology has both positive and negative impacts on polyphenol concentration.
Core microbiome of corals Pocillopora damicornis and Pocillopora verrucosa in the northeastern tropical Pacific
Authors: Ostria‐Hernández Martha L. , Hernández‐Zulueta Joicye , Vargas‐Ponce Ofelia , Díaz‐Pérez Leopoldo , Araya Rubén , Rodríguez‐Troncoso Alma P. , Ríos‐Jara Eduardo , Rodríguez‐Zaragoza Fabián A.
Published: November 2022

Identifying the core microbiome structure of a metaorganism can be used to monitor the impact of a perturbation against it and the changes in its stability (i.e., dysbiosis), resistance, and resilience. The core‐microbiome interaction regulates holobiont health and homeostasis and is an indicator of the resilience of the whole community. This study determined the exclusive and shared core microbiome taxa of two reef‐building coral species (Pocillopora damicornis and P. verrucosa), as well as the surrounding seawater and sediment, in six coral communities along the Northeastern tropical Pacific region. We also analysed the putative metabolic functions of the most abundant OTUs of these core microbiomes and evaluated the influence of anthropogenic stressors (i.e., tourism, fishery, eutrophication, among others) on core microbiome composition. Bacterial diversity was assessed by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA. The bacterial families Planctomycetaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, and Moraxellaceae presented the highest relative abundances in corals samples, while Flavobacteriaceae and Rhodobacteraceae dominated in seawater samples. In the sediment samples, Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Moraxellaceae, and Pseudonocardiaceae had the highest representation. The core microbiomes of the two coral species, seawater, and sediment, shared 571 OTUs. The P. damicornis core microbiome varied between sites with low and moderately‐high anthropogenic stressors. The core microbiomes of both coral species showed an increase in the relative abundance of the families Planctomycetaceae and Pseudomonadaceae in the sites with moderate‐high anthropogenic stressors, associated with higher values of ammonium, chlorophyll a, and extinction coefficient. In contrast, the core microbiome of P. verrucosa, seawater, and sediments did not vary between sites with different anthropogenic stress conditions. Aerobic chemoheterotrophy was the metabolic function with the highest occurrence in all substrates' core microbiomes, followed by ureolysis and photoautotrophy.
Bioactive phytocompounds against specific target proteins of Borrelia recurrentis responsible for louse‐borne relapsing fever: Genomics and structural bioinformatics evidence
Authors: Basu Soumya , Debroy Reetika , Kumar Hithesh , Singh Harpreet , Ramaiah Sudha , Anbarasu Anand
Published: November 2022

Louse‐borne relapsing fever (LBRF) with high untreated mortality caused by spirochete Borrelia recurrentis is predominantly endemic to Sub‐Saharan Africa and has re‐emerged in parts of Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America due to population migrations. Despite subtractive evolution of lice‐borne pathogenic Borrelia spp. from tick‐borne species, there has been no comprehensive report on conservation of protein targets across tick and lice‐borne pathogenic Borrelia nor exploration of phytocompounds that are toxic to tick against lice. From the 19 available whole genomes including B. recurrentis, B. burgdorferi, B. hermsii, B. parkeri and B. miyamotoi, conservation of seven drug targets (>80% domain identity) viz. 30 S ribosomal subunit proteins (RSP) S3, S7, S8, S14, S19, penicillin‐binding protein‐2 and 50 S RSP L16 were deciphered through multiple sequence alignments. Twelve phytocompounds (hydroxy‐tyrosol, baicalein, cis‐2‐decanoic acid, morin, oenin, rosemarinic acid, kaempferol, piceatannol, rottlerin, luteolin, fisetin and monolaurin) previously explored against Lyme disease spirochete B. burgdorferi when targeted against LBRF‐causing B. recurrentis protein targets revealed high multi‐target affinity (2%–20% higher than conventional antibiotics) through molecular docking. However, based on high binding affinity against all target proteins, stable coarse‐grained dynamics (fluctuations <1 Å) and safe pharmacological profile, luteolin was prioritized. The study encourages experimental evaluation of the potent phytocompounds and similar protocols for investigating other emerging vector‐borne diseases.
Do stomata optimize turgor‐driven growth? A new framework for integrating stomata response with whole‐plant hydraulics and carbon balance
Authors: Potkay Aaron , Feng Xue
Published: November 2022

Every existing optimal stomatal model uses photosynthetic carbon assimilation as a proxy for plant evolutionary fitness. However, assimilation and growth are often decoupled, making assimilation less ideal for representing fitness when optimizing stomatal conductance to water vapor and carbon dioxide. Instead, growth should be considered a closer proxy for fitness.

We hypothesize stomata have evolved to maximize turgor‐driven growth, instead of assimilation, over entire plants' lifetimes, improving their abilities to compete and reproduce. We develop a stomata model that dynamically maximizes whole‐stem growth following principles from turgor‐driven growth models. Stomata open to assimilate carbohydrates that supply growth and osmotically generate turgor, while stomata close to prevent losses of turgor and growth due to negative water potentials.

In steady state, the growth optimization model captures realistic stomatal, growth, and carbohydrate responses to environmental cues, reconciles conflicting interpretations within existing stomatal optimization theories, and explains patterns of carbohydrate storage and xylem conductance observed during and after drought.

Our growth optimization hypothesis introduces a new paradigm for stomatal optimization models, elevates the role of whole‐plant carbon use and carbon storage in stomatal functioning, and has the potential to simultaneously predict gross productivity, net productivity, and plant mortality through a single, consistent modeling framework.
Inositol polyphosphates‐regulated polyubiquitination of PHR1 by NLA E3 ligase during phosphate starvation response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Park Su‐Hyun , Jeong Jin Seo , Huang Chung‐Hao , Park Bong Soo , Chua Nam‐Hai
Published: November 2022

Phosphate (Pi) availability is a major factor limiting plant growth and development. The key transcription factor controlling Pi‐starvation response (PSR) is PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1) whose transcript levels do not change with changes in Pi levels. However, how PHR1 stability is regulated at the post‐translational level is relatively unexplored in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Inositol polyphosphates (InsPn) are important signal molecules that promote the association of stand‐alone SPX domain proteins with PHR1 to regulate PSR. Here, we show that NITROGEN LIMITATION ADAPTATION (NLA) E3 ligase can associate with PHR1 through its conserved SPX domain and polyubiquitinate PHR1 in vitro. The association with PHR1 and its ubiquitination is enhanced by InsP6 but not by InsP5.

Analysis of InsPn‐related mutants and an overexpression plant shows PHR1 levels are more stable in itpk4‐1 and vih2‐4/VIH1amiRNA but less stable in ITPK4 overexpression plants. Under Pi‐deficient conditions, nla seedlings contain high PHR1 levels, display long root hair and accumulate anthocyanin in shoots phenocopying PHR1 overexpression plants. By contrast, NLA overexpression plants phenocopy phr1 whose phenotypes are opposite to those of nla.

Our results suggest NLA functions as a negative regulator of Pi response by modulating PHR1 stability and the NLA/PHR1 association depends on InsPn levels.
Authors’ response to the letter to the editor on “characterization of asbestos exposures associated with the use of facial makeups”
Authors: Holton Michael , Ellis Jennifer , Anderson Evan
Published: November 2022

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the comments of the letter writer. The writer states in his Letter to the Editor that the findings in our publication are not interpretable and/or cannot be generalized due to the lack of understanding of the source mine and bulk content of the cosmetic talc used in the facial makeups. In brief, we performed an exposure simulation study using established industrial hygiene methods, planned and conducted by Certified Industrial Hygienists (CIHs), to assess asbestos exposures during the use of facial makeups that were found to contain very low levels of asbestos below the conventional detection limits of X‐ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy. In total, 54 personal air samples and 72 area samples were collected from six different products. Out of the 126 samples collected and analyzed, asbestos was only found in eight samples (five personal samples and three area samples). A 95th percentile 24‐h time‐weighted average (TWA) result of 0.00008 fibers/cubic centimeter was calculated based on censored data and an assumed three applications per day. We believe these results may be of utility to understand the risk of low‐level asbestos content in facial makeups regardless of source or bulk content, as described in our study, and do not find the writer's assertion of generalizability or interpretability to be compelling reasons not to apply our results, as is, for prospective purposes.
Taking Communities into the Groan Zone: Subjective Wellbeing in the Face of Demographic Change, Racial Diversity, and Political Difference☆
Authors: Carolan Michael
Published: November 2022

This paper draws from a dataset focusing on two rural communities in Colorado (USA). Data collection occurred over two periods: late‐2019 and again during COVID‐19 lockdowns in mid‐2020. The communities differed demographically: one had a growing minoritized population, especially among its youth; the other was overwhelmingly white. The paper troubles the concept of subjective wellbeing (SWB) as it asks about the productive potentials of discomfort, with assistance from such concepts as colorblind ideology, motivated reasoning, and network homophily. While important to think about so‐called positive emotional states in the context of community development, we must also ask questions like, “SWB for who and at whose expense?” How respondents thought about individual‐ and community‐level SWB had much to do with the social networks they were in. I also explore why the community that fared pandemic‐related disruptions, from a SWB standpoint, better than the other performed worse during this same period from an economic (material) standpoint. Sociological factors explain these dynamics, which are leveraged to enhance our understanding of how to conceptualize community development in productive ways. In sum, I argue that certain expressions of discomfort have value and are therefore necessary for creating resilient, flourishing, and, ultimately, just communities.
Education level and affective polarization: The mediation effects of psychological engagement in politics and authoritarian attitudes
Authors: Han Kyung Joon
Published: November 2022

Objective

We investigate how the education effect on affective polarization is mediated by people's cognitive behaviors.

Method

We employ a causal mediation analysis model and the American National Election Studies (2016 and 2020).

Results

Both voters’ psychological engagement in politics and their authoritarian attitudes mediate the education effect on affective polarization, but the directions of the two mediation effects are different. While a person's attainment of higher education lowers her affective polarization through her weak authoritarian attitude, it raises her affective polarization through her psychological engagement in politics.

Conclusion

The result implies that educational expansion does not warrant the waning of affective polarization. It also implies that education may have differing indirect effects on other political behaviors such as party support.
The TIFY family protein CmJAZ1‐like negatively regulates petal size via interaction with the bHLH transcription factor CmBPE2 in Chrysanthemum morifolium
Authors: Guan Yunxiao , Ding Lian , Jiang Jiafu , Jia Diwen , Li Song , Jin Li , Zhao Wenqian , Zhang Xue , Song Aiping , Chen Sumei , Wang Haibin , Ding Baoqing , Chen Fadi
Published: November 2022

Petals are the second floral whorl of angiosperms, exhibiting astonishing diversity in their size between and within species. This variation is essential for protecting their inner reproductive organs and attracting pollinators for fertilization. However, currently, the genetic and developmental control of petal size remains unexplored. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) belongs to the Asteraceae family, the largest group of angiosperms, and the extraordinary diversity of petal size in chrysanthemums makes it an ideal model for exploring the regulation mechanism of petal size. Here, we reveal that overexpression of a JAZ repressor CmJAZ1‐like exhibits decreased petal size compared to that of the wild‐type as a result of repressed cell expansion. Through further in‐depth exploration, we confirm an interaction pair between CmJAZ1‐like and the bHLH transcription factor CmBPE2. The inhibition of CmBPE2 expression negatively regulates petal size by downregulating the expression of genes involved in cell expansion. Furthermore, CmJAZ1‐like significantly reduced the activation ability of CmBPE2 on its target gene CmEXPA7 by directly interacting with it, thus participating in the regulation of petal size development in chrysanthemum. Our results will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of petal size regulation in flowering plants.
Long-Term Performance of Semimetallic Gaskets
Authors: Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Das Shubhra Kanti
Published: November 2022

Flexible graphite-based gaskets are used extensively in high-temperature applications as a replacement for asbestos-based gaskets. The effects of aging and temperature exposure on flexible graphite sheet gaskets were the subject of a previous work (Derenne et al., 1997, “Elevated Temperature Characterization of Flexible Graphite Sheet Materials for Bolted Flanged Joints,” Welding Research Council Bulletin, Issue 419, pp. 1–87.). In this paper, the effects of aging on flexible graphite under a confined-gasket configuration will be examined as they are yet unknown. This study outlines the performance evaluation of the elevated temperature behavior of flexible graphite-based gaskets under a confined configuration and long-term exposure employing a high-temperature aged leakage relaxation (HALR) fixture. This aged relaxation leakage adhesion test (ARLA)-like fixture retains the mechanical features of the aged tensile relaxation screening (ATRS)/high-temperature aged tensile relaxation (HATR) while enabling cold leakage rate and weight loss measurements. Four distinct semimetallic gaskets with different graphite-confined configurations, namely, corrugated metal, spiral wound, kammprofile, and double jacketed, were evaluated within a temperature range of 800–1200 °F (430–650 °C) for an exposure time of 2500 h. Graphite weight loss, gasket thickness change, leakage and tightness parameters, and creep and relaxation measurements were taken at regular intervals for each gasket style. To better assess the aging process, these critical mechanical and leakage properties were scrutinized; the influence of the degradation process, related mainly to graphite oxidation, was emphasized.
ROP Optimization of Lateral Wells in SW Oklahoma: Artificial Neural Network Approach
Authors: Kolmer Haden P. , Cunningham Clark M. , Al-Dushaishi Mohammed F.
Published: November 2022

Rate of Penetration (ROP) optimization has played a key role in the economic return and value of both onshore and offshore wells by decreasing drilling time thereby increasing the net present value (NPV) of the localized field. In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to accurately model the ROP of a well in SW Oklahoma to optimize the drilling process.

A parametric study was conducted to showcase the effect of operational parameters on the ROP-ANN model and to minimize error and increase accuracy. The number of neurons and hidden layers within the model are optimized based on the lowest Mean Square Error (MSE) and highest R2. A comparative study was comprised of one well in Southern Oklahoma targeting the Caney Shale. The well is about 10,000″ vertical with a 2-mile lateral with a maximum inclination of 78° and Dogleg Severity (DLS) of 12°/100ft. UCS was incorporated into the model to geomechanically differentiate between shale, sandstone, and limestone.

The input drilling data is weighed against ROP showcasing the impact of each parameter on ROP. From this and further proven in the results, RPM, WOB, and UCS greatly effect ROP per foot based on the sensitivity analysis but steadily decline as the critical value is achieved.

The major advantage of this study is developing an accurate ANN model for onshore North American shale plays in understanding the lithological impact of UCS and high lateral deviation on ROP which can be used in pre-planning to optimize the drilling processes.
Experimental investigation of multimodal noise generation by ducted low Mach number flows through orifice plates
Authors: Quaroni Luca Nicola , Rampnoux Simon , Ramadan Islam , Malavasi Stefano , Perrey-Debain Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

Noise generation by low Mach number air flows through circular orifices in rectangular ducts is investigated. In particular, the influence of the number and position of the orifices maintaining a constant flow area is addressed. A review of the available theories suggests a certain importance of such parameters in the excitation of higher-order acoustic duct modes. A qualitative coefficient is proposed for a first characterization of the ability to enhance or lessen a given higher-order acoustic mode by the plate geometry. An experimental campaign is performed to measure the total emitted acoustic power by different plate geometries as well as its modal composition. It is found that the orifices' numbers and positions greatly influence the acoustic emissions while the flow pressure drop caused by the obstacles is similar. The proposed qualitative coefficient shows good agreement with the experimental results. A particle image velocimetry measurement campaign is performed to visualize the near-field average flow behavior upstream and downstream of the orifice plates. An increase in the turbulent velocity fluctuations in the vicinity of the orifices is observed on both sides, further validating previous studies on the subject.
Structural Basis of PER-1-Mediated Cefiderocol Resistance and Synergistic Inhibition of PER-1 by Cefiderocol in Combination with Avibactam or Durlobactam in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Lei Tailong , Yang Yunxing , Zhang Linghong , Liu Haiyang , Leptihn Sebastian , Yu Yunsong , Hua Xiaoting
Published: November 2022

Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore cephalosporin that displays activity against Gram-negative bacteria. To establish cefiderocol susceptibility levels of
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains from China, we performed susceptibility testing and genomic analyses on 131 clinical isolates.
Characterization of a Carbapenem-Resistant BKC-1-Producing Clinical Isolate Belonging to the Pseudomonas putida Group from Brazil
Authors: Alberto-Lei Felipe , Nodari Carolina S. , Streling Ana Paula , Bessa-Neto Francisco O. , Siqueira André V. , Cayô Rodrigo , Gales Ana Cristina
Published: November 2022

Since its first report, the class A Brazilian
Klebsiella
carbapenemase (BKC) has been detected only among
Enterobacterales
isolates from Brazilian hospitals. In this study, we characterized a multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas juntendi
clinical isolate and identified a 43.3-kb plasmid carrying
bla
BKC-1
and a class 1 integron (In
1996
) containing the
arr-2
,
qnrVC1
,
dfrA21
, and
aac(6′)-Ib′
gene cassettes.
Systems-Wide Dissection of Organic Acid Assimilation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reveals a Novel Path To Underground Metabolism
Authors: Dolan Stephen K. , Wijaya Andre , Kohlstedt Michael , Gläser Lars , Brear Paul , Silva-Rocha Rafael , Wittmann Christoph , Welch Martin
Published: November 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic human pathogen that, due to its unrivalled resistance to antibiotics, ubiquity in the built environment, and aggressiveness in infection scenarios, has acquired the somewhat dubious accolade of being designated a “critical priority pathogen” by the WHO. In this work, we uncover the pathways and mechanisms used by
P. aeruginosa
to grow on a substrate that is abundant at many infection sites: propionate.
Interruption of Capsular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis Gene
wbaZ
by Insertion Sequence IS
903B
Mediates Resistance to a Lytic Phage against ST11 K64 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yin Xin , Fang Qingqing , Zong Zhiyong
Published: November 2022

Phage therapy is an alternative approach against multidrug resistant microorganisms such as carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP), which represents a major challenge for treatment due to very limited options of antimicrobial agents. For optimizing phage therapy, more new lytic phages are needed.
SourceFinder: a Machine-Learning-Based Tool for Identification of Chromosomal, Plasmid, and Bacteriophage Sequences from Assemblies
Authors: Aytan-Aktug Derya , Grigorjev Vladislav , Szarvas Judit , Clausen Philip T. L. C. , Munk Patrick , Nguyen Marcus , Davis James J. , Aarestrup Frank M. , Lund Ole
Published: November 2022

Extra-chromosomal genes encoding antimicrobial resistance, metal resistance, and virulence provide selective advantages for bacterial survival under stress conditions and pose serious threats to human and animal health. These accessory genes can impact the composition of microbiomes by providing selective advantages to their hosts.
Early diagnosis of Malan syndrome in an infant presenting with macrocephaly
Authors: Seed Lydia , G Natasha , Prentice Sarah , Chandershekar Prathiba
Published: November 2022

We present an infant with persistent macrocephaly and developmental delay. There is a wide range of differential diagnoses for this presentation, including many rare genetic conditions. Here, a diagnosis of Malan syndrome was made—a rare overgrowth syndrome caused by haploinsufficiency ofNFIXand features affecting the neurological and musculoskeletal systems. Improvements in genomic medicine technologies and clinical services have revolutionised the way clinicians diagnose rare diseases. We highlight the importance of early genetic testing, particularly if there are red flag features such as developmental delay, and the need for a coordinated strategy to improve the management of rare diseases like Malan syndrome.
Masticator space abscess following intramuscular stimulation
Authors: Kelly Brendan C , Rosvall Brandon R , Tabet Paul , O'Connell Daniel A
Published: November 2022

A male in his 50s presented to the hospital with preauricular tenderness, trismus and dysphagia. He had intramuscular stimulation of his left temporomandibular joint region performed 4 days prior and described worsening pain and swelling since. A CT scan revealed an abscess involving the left masticator space. Incision and drainage of the abscess was performed, and the patient was discharged home on oral antibiotics 11 days later. This is the first report of masticatory space abscess following intramuscular stimulation of the temporomandibular joint area. Acupuncture and intramuscular stimulation are common complementary medicine therapies that are generally considered safe; however, adverse events such as deep neck space infection have been reported in the literature. Current regulation of training requirements and licensure for needling therapies is highly variable. Standardisation of training and practice guidelines may help mitigate the risk of adverse events related to needling therapies in the future.
Atypical involvement of the thyro-linguo-facial vein in Lemierre syndrome
Authors: Constans Sophie , Bosshard Thomas , Petignat Pierre-Auguste , Le Peillet Damien
Published: November 2022

Fusobacterium necrophorumis a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that can lead to severe infection in young patients even without immunodeficiency. Due to the length of time for isolation and speciation of this Gram-negative bacillus (typically 5–8 days), and its potential mortality, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy should be started without delay. With a cervical thrombosis, even on an unusual site and with a standard condition such as tonsillitis, Lemierre syndrome should be considered. We report a case of Lemierre syndrome in a previously healthy young woman.
Myeloencephalitis as the only presentation of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Dang Tinh Quang , La Duc Thien , Tran Tai Ngoc
Published: November 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is now a major global health issue and manifests mainly as a respiratory disorder. Several other complications involving hypercoagulability, cardiovascular system and central nervous system have been described in the literature. Among these atypical presentations, encephalopathy associated with SARS-CoV-2 is a rare entity with heterogenous clinical and radiological findings. The direct presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was rarely found in encephalopathy patients with acute SARS-Cov-2 infection.

Here, we report a case of myeloencephalitis with positive real-time PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in CSF in a young woman presenting exclusively with neurological symptoms. Other differential diagnosis were extensively pursued by a comprehensive aetiological workup. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the Omicron era. In the context of recent global explosion of SARS-Cov-2 infections, clinicians should consider this pathogen among other possible neurotropic agents and be familiar with its radiological and clinical presentations.
Isolated vocal cord palsy secondary to a paraoesophageal hiatus hernia: a rare variant of Ortner’s syndrome
Authors: Dolan Sean , McArthur Claire , Buchanan Malcolm A
Published: November 2022

Dysphonia is a common presenting symptom to the outpatient ear, nose and throat team and the need to have a systematic approach to its investigation and management is imperative. Red flag features combined with clinical examination including flexible nasoendoscopy will help to identify laryngeal causes of dysphonia. Vocal cord palsy can have both laryngeal and extralaryngeal aetiologies including Ortner’s syndrome. We present a case where a woman in her 70s was referred with persistent hoarseness, found to have an isolated vocal cord palsy with CT scan revealing a very large hiatus hernia producing mass effect at the aortopulmonary window with no other pathology identified. To our knowledge, this is the second case in the literature of a hiatus hernia causing a vocal cord palsy. This case underpins the need for prompt assessment by flexible laryngoscopy, and consideration of extralaryngeal causes of vocal cord palsy during a dysphonia assessment.
Adolescent sexual health interventions that include very young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Manda Wanangwa Chimwaza , Sikweyiya Yandisa , Kaunda-Khangamwa Blessings Nyasilia , Selemani Apatsa , Jimu Scholastica , Kamndaya Mphatso
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Targeting very young adolescents (VYAs) with sexual health (SH) interventions is increasingly being recognised as one of the strategies for addressing SH challenges in late adolescence. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding SH interventions implemented specifically for VYAs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This scoping review aims to provide a summary of documented evidence on SH interventions that include VYAs in SSA, identify gaps in existing interventions and provide recommendations for further programmatic work on SH for VYAs.

Methods and analysis

The methods for this scoping review will be guided by the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and further enhanced by Levacet aland the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will search electronic databases: Popline, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Dimensions, African Journals Online (AJOL) and specific summon country-specific search. We will include published studies from SSA and only adolescent SH interventions published from the year 2003–2022. Furthermore, we will include programmatic and intervention literature that has not been published in peer-reviewed articles. The data will be charted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review. The data will then be collated and summarised.

Ethics and dissemination

The scoping review methodology involves putting together information from articles or grey literature that is either publicly available or shared by the authors, this study does not require ethical approval. Findings of this scoping review will be published in a scientific journal and presented at relevant scientific fora and conferences. This scoping review will provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence base of adolescent SH interventions for VYAs in SSA and will highlight critical gaps in the existing interventions and areas where further programmatic work is needed for VYAs in SSA.

Registration

https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-gn538-v1.