bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES OF AFZELIA GUM IN LIQUID PARAFFIN EMULSION
Authors: Olorunsola Emmanuel O. , Majekodunmi Stephen O.
Published: April 2017

Objective: Afzelia africana gum has been shown to possess surface activity. It is a good alternative to sodium carboxy methylcellulose in terms of suspending properties. This work was aimed at evaluating the emulsifying properties of the gum in liquid paraffin emulsion.Methods: Liquid paraffin emulsions (200 ml each) were prepared with different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 % w/v) of afzelia gum as an emulsifying agent. Similar preparations containing standard acacia gum at corresponding concentrations were also made. Liquid paraffin emulsions (200 ml each) were equally prepared using 60 ml liquid paraffin as the oily phase and 6 g of various combinations of afzelia gum and tween 80 as emulsifier blends. The emulsifier blends were of ratio 1:5, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 5:1. The preparations were assessed for density and viscosity; and then for stability after 5 d of storage.Results: The viscosity of emulsion containing 10 % w/v afzelia gum was 668.90 mPa.s while that of an emulsion containing the same concentration of acacia gum was 23.56 mPa. s. Emulsion containing 3 % w/v afzelia gum (having a creaming index of 16 %) was found to be more stable compared to the emulsion containing 10 % w/v acacia gum (having creaming index of 28 %). The viscosity and stability of emulsions containing emulsifier blends of afzelia gum and tween 80 increased with increase in the proportion of afzelia gum.Conclusion: The gum is suitable for use at a concentration of 3 % w/v as an emulsifier in 30 % v/v liquid paraffin emulsion, and it is about three times better than acacia gum as an emulsifier. It is a good alternative to standard acacia gum for emulsification.
EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA, A MALAYSIAN MEDICINAL HERB, SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATES PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN PRE-OSTEOBLASTS (MC3T3-E1): AN IN VITRO MODEL
Authors: Thu Hnin Ei , Mohamed Isa Naina , Hussain Zahid , Mohamed Norazlina , Shuid Ahmad Nazrun
Published: April 2017

Objective: Eurycoma longifolia (EL), a well-recognized Malaysian medicinal herb, has gained widespread popularity due to its ability to protect against bone calcium loss in androgen-deficient osteoporosis. Nevertheless numerous animal studies have proved the bone protective effect of EL; however, the exact mechanism is not well-explained yet. Thus, the present study was aimed to explore the in vitro basis of bone protective effects of EL by using mouse pre-osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1).Methods: The cytotoxicity and proliferative potential of EL were evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell counting methods. Despite cell growth, the ability of EL to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone-forming cells was assessed by quantifying collagen (early differentiation marker) and calcium (late differentiation marker) in EL-treated bone forming cells.Results: Resulting data obtained from dose optimization study revealed that EL at 5 to 50 µg/ml concentration showed marked effects in significantly promoting cell growth in MC3T3-E1 cells. As such, resulting data also demonstrated the superior potential of EL in up regulating collagen synthesis and mineralization (calcium deposition) in MC3T3-E1 cells at 25 µg/ml, in comparison to untreated (negative control) and dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT)-treated cells (positive control).Conclusion: These pronounced effects of EL on osteoblasts provide an in vitro basis for the bone protective potential of EL and thus can be considered as an alternative regimen for the treatment of androgen-deficient male osteoporosis.
DETERMINATION OF 4, 4′-BIS (BROMOMETHYL) BIPHENYL GENOTOXIC IMPURITY IN VALSARTAN DRUG SUBSTANCES BY HPLC
Authors: Kumar S. Senthil , Srivastava Ritesh Kumar , Srinivasrao V.
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a specific and sensitive analytical method, which separate the genotoxic impurity 4, 4’-bis (bromomethyl) biphenyl from valsartan antihypertensive drug substance using HPLC method.Methods: The development activity was conducted by HPLC with UV detector. The impurity was separated on Inertsil ODS 3V 250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm analytical column with a mobile phase consisting of 5.5 pH buffer and acetonitrile with the gradient program at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min. The effluent was detected using UV detector attached with HPLC system at 275 nm meanwhile column temperature and injection volume was maintained to 35 °C and 50 μl respectively. Acetonitrile was selected as diluent for performing the experiment.Results: Whole experiment and validation process was performed as per the ICH guideline. The LOD and LOQ value were found to be 0.153 µg/g and 0.463 µg/g respectively, while accuracy results were well in the range 97.62 to 104.59%. The linearity curve showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9994 and method was very sensitive.Conclusion: From validation data, it was confirmed that the developed method is specific, sensitive, linear, precise and accurate for the determination of 4, 4’-bis (bromomethyl) biphenyl genotoxic impurity in valsartan drug substances.
ESTROGENIC AND ANTIESTROGENIC ACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING HERBAL INGREDIENTS AND ISOFLAVONES
Authors: Basu Paramita , Sunny Sharon , Maier Camelia
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study aimed to assess the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of five dietary supplements, commercially available for treatment of menopausal symptoms, before and after gastrointestinal digestion by employing a yeast steroid-regulated transcription system.Methods: Supplements (S) were extracted with either 80% methanol or water. Water extracts were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities were assessed by a steroid-regulated transcription system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the human estrogen receptor alpha.Results: The highest estrogenic activities were detected in both S1 methanol (2342.5±20.83 MU) and water (1225.6±20.6 MU) extracts (400 estradiol equivalents). Extracts showed antiestrogenic properties by reducing the transcriptional activity induced by estradiol in transgenic yeast. The highest antiestrogenic activity was detected in S2 methanol extract and S3 water extract, which inhibited estradiol activity by 76% and 64%, respectively. After GI digestion, S1, S2 and S3 extracts showed significantly higher estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities as ‘serum-available’ than ‘colon-available’ samples and S4 and S5 extracts showed significantly higher activities as ‘colon-available‘ than ‘serum-available‘ samples.Conclusion: All dietary supplements revealed estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. The GI digestion demonstrated the availability of phytoestrogens for absorption in the blood stream. Supplements containing soy isoflavones and alfalfa ingredients had the highest estrogenic activities and could be more effective than supplements with complex plant formulation in alleviating menopausal symptoms and treating osteoporosis. The transgenic yeast assays proved to be a powerful tool for assessing the in vitro estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of dietary supplements.
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE, ADME AND POTENTIAL IN SILICO G6PDH INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 2-(1-BENZOFURAN-2-YL)-4-(5-PHENYL-4H-1, 2, 4-TRIAZOL-3-YL) QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: S. Santoshkumar , K. Manjulatha , D. Satyanarayan N. , R. Anantacharya , S. Harishkumar , N. Harishkumar H. , S. Yallappa , L. Dhananjaya B.
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Synthesis of new 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-4-(5-phenyl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) quinoline and its derivatives for antiproliferative potential against cancer cells.Methods: The general methods were employed for the synthesis and the structures were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral analysis. The antiproliferative activity was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and molecular docking study were performed by Auto Dock Tools. In silico Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism-Excretion-Toxicity (ADMET) study for the drug, likeliness was carried out on ACD/lab-2.Results: The compound 3l showed 44, 44, 38 and 37 % inhibition against MCF-7, HepG2, Colo205 and HeLa cell lines, respectively; whereas, the compounds 3i and 3j exhibited 49 and 42 % inhibition against MCF-7 cell line. The molecular docking study revealed that the compound 3i has the lowest binding energy (-8.60 Kcal mol-1), suggesting to be potentially best inhibitor of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). The in silico ADME analysis also revealed that compound 3i does not violate any of the Lipinski rules of five and has the best stimulative human colonic absorption up to 95 %.Conclusion: The study reveals that the compounds containing benzofuran coupled nitrogen heterocycles are essential for activity as they possess excellent drug-like characteristics.
PATTERNS OF PRESCRIPTION AND ANTIBIOTIC USE AMONG OUTPATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Datta Sumon Kumar , Paul Tripti Rani , Monwar Monalisa , Khatun Ambia , Islam M. Rafiqul , Ali M. Ashraf , Barman Ranjan Kumar , Rahman Bytul Mokaddesur , Wahed Mir Imam Ibne
Published: April 2017

Objective: Irrational drug use increased the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), the emergence of drug resistance and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The study was designed to analyse prescription patterns and antibiotic use among outpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Bangladesh.Methods: This prospective survey was conducted among the out-patients in a district hospital. The prescribed drugs were classified according to Anatomical and Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. Patient characteristics and drug data were recorded. The prescription pattern was analysed using general drug use indicators according to world health organisation (WHO).Results: A total of 405 prescriptions were analyzed of which 54% of child and 46% of adult prescriptions. The age and body weight of the patients were not mentioned in 30% of child and 62% of adult prescriptions and none of the prescriptions included sex of the patients. Physician’s handwriting was not clear and legible in 31% prescriptions. A total 1362 drugs were used in this study with an average 3.36 drugs per prescription. However, none of the drugs was prescribed in generic name. Children were highly exposed to antibiotics (66%) than to adults (44%) of which cephalosporin’s (30%) and macrolides (14%) were commonly used. Interestingly, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were also highly accounted in children (53%) than to adults (36%).Conclusion: Our results suggested that the prescription information was incomplete and physicians did not follow the standard guideline for drug treatment resulting in polypharmacy and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials irrespective to the age of patients.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE PREDICTION IN THE CONTEXT OF PHARMACEUTICAL POLYMORPH SCREENING AND PUTATIVE POLYMORPHS OF CIPROFLOXACIN
Authors: Singh Pawanpreet , Chadha Renu
Published: April 2017

Molecular simulation is increasingly used by medicinal chemists in the process and product development. Reliable computational predictions are of great value not only for the design of an active pharmaceutical ingredient with novel properties but also for the avoidance of an undesirable change of form in the late stages of development of an industrially important molecule. In the pharmaceutical industry, drug polymorphism can be a critical problem and is the subject of various regulatory considerations. This contribution tried to review the fuzzy frontiers between the chemical structure of the molecule and its crystal energy landscape with a particular focus on the crystal structure prediction (csp) methodology to complement polymorph screening. A detailed application of csp in the pharmaceutical industry is illustrated on ciprofloxacin; describing its putative polymorphs. This approach successfully identifies the known crystal form within this class, as well as a large number of other low-energy structures. The performance of the approach is discussed in terms of both the quality of the results and computational aspects. csp methods are now being used as part of the interdisciplinary range of studies to establish the range of solid forms of a molecule. Moreover, further methodological improvements aimed at increasing the accuracy of the predictions and at broadening the range of molecules i.e. cocrystals, salts and solvates.
ANTI-PSYCHOTIC ACTIVITY OF PYRUS COMMUNIS JUICE
Authors: Pannu Arzoo Singh , Parle Milind
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study aim to investigate the anti-psychotic potential of pyrus communis in the rodents.Methods: The fresh juice of pyrus communis (Pear) was administered orally to rodents for 21 d and the anti-psychotic activity was assessed by in vitro methods viz ketamine induced stereotypic behaviour, pole climbing avoidance in rats and swim induced grooming behaviour experimental models. The biochemical estimation was done on 21 d.Results: The different concentrations of fresh pyrus communis juice was assayed. When pyrus communis juice (PCJ) was administered chronically for 21 d remarkably decreased ketamine induced falling, head-bobbing, weaving and turning counts. Administration of Pear juice significantly delayed the latency time taken by the animals to climb the pole in Cook’s pole climb apparatus. In swim induced grooming behaviour model, Pear juice significantly reduced swim induced grooming behaviour. Moreover, Pear juice significantly decreased the brain dopamine levels and inhibited acetyl cholinesterase activity. In the present study, Pear juice significantly enhanced reduced glutathione levels in the brains of mice, thereby reflecting enhanced scavenging of free radicals and in turn preventing occurrence of psychotic attack.Conclusion: The present study revealed that pyrus communis juice possessed significant anti-psychotic activity.
MICROORGANISMS AS CHEMICAL FACTORIES FOR ISOLATION OF META-BOLOMES FROM MESOPHILIC SOIL
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Menghani Ekta
Published: April 2017

Objective: To investigate the micro-flora of the mesophilic soil of Rajasthan for isolation of novel compounds having antibacterial potentials.Methods: In present experiments, bacterial colonies were isolated from four different regions of Jaipur, Rajasthan and screened for antimicrobial efficacy against five selected pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7093, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 7443, Escherichia coli MTCC 40, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 530, and Bacillus subtillis MTCC 121. Antimicrobial efficacy against the selected strains was performed. The potential efficacy of the extract was also screened for gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis for novel metabolites screening. Further, potent bacterial strains were identified at the molecular level by 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing method.Results: After the primary screening, 29 microbial isolates were selected for the screening of bioactivity. Results displayed zones of inhibition ranging from 5 mm till maximum 13 mm. Soil testing indicated survival conditions for microbes isolated, and biochemical tests supported the identification of screened isolates. The potentially isolated strains S-III C, S-III D and S-IV D were identified at the molecular level using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing as Bacillus shackletonii, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum, respectively.Conclusion: Extraction of active metabolites from soil microbiota, against five pathogenic bacteria, is far better, safe and economical method. This study will help in exploring new compounds against increasing number of resistant pathogenic strains with an aim to reduce demand of medicinal plants for extraction of effective antimicrobial compounds. Bacillus strains (S-IIIC, S-IIID and S-IVC) isolated from soil microflora possess antimicrobial activity and can be used for isolation of antibiotics at industrial levels.
COMPARISION OF MYO-INOSITOL VERSUS METFORMIN ON ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME IN WOMEN
Authors: Nehra Jyoti , Kaushal Jyoti , Singhal Savita Rani , Ghalaut Veena Singh
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the effect of insulin sensitizers i.e. metformin and myoinositol on anthropometric parameters in patients of the Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).Methods: A prospective, open-labeled, randomized, comparative, clinical study was conducted on 60 patients. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each to receive either of the following two treatments: group A: Tablet myoinositol 1g twice daily. group B: Tablet metformin 500 mg thrice daily for 24 w. Anthropometric parameters were assessed by measuring body weight, Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR) at baseline and subsequently at the end of 12 w and 24 w.Results: In both the groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in over a period of 24 w. In group A, the values for weight at baseline, 12 w and 24 w expressed in mean±SEM are 63.96±.90, 62.33±.88 and 61.20±.85 while in group B the values were 63.58±1.88, 62.26±1.74 and 60.86±1.65. In group A, the values for BMI at baseline, 12 w and 24 w were 26.45±.41, 25.78±.42 and 25.31±.40 while in group B the values were 26.09±.76, 25.53±.71 and 24.96±.68 respectively. In group A, WHR values were 0.79±.007, 0.78±.007 and 0.78±.007 while in group B 0.79±.010, 0.79±0.108, 0.79±.011 at baseline, 12 w and 24 w respectively. However, on comparing both the groups at 12 and 24 w, no statistically significant difference was observed in all the parameters.Conclusion: There was a definite improvement in anthropometric parameters with both metformin and myoinositol but on comparing these drugs, no significant difference was observed. Thus, myoinositol can also be used as an alternative to metformin for the treatment of PCOS.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON THE USE OF COSTUS PICTUS (INSULIN PLANT) IN CENTRAL KERALA
Authors: Joseph Biji , Jacob Sherina , Gupta Nishant Kumar , Kuruvilla Binu T. , Benny Merina , Antony Benny
Published: April 2017

Objective: Costus pictus commonly known as spiral ginger or insulin plant is grown in gardens as ornamental plant especially in Kerala and used to control sugar levels. The objective of the present survey was to collect information on the use of this plant as a control measure for diabetes mellitus in a community in central Kerala.Methods: The study was conducted with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire broadly included questions about knowledge of insulin plant, its use, quantity and frequency of use, the relation of plant material consumption with food intake, effects related to blood sugar level and other symptoms, any discomfort or complications after use among diabetic and normal people. The data obtained was quantitatively transferred to an excel sheet and statistical analysis was carried out.Results: From the survey, it can be inferred that Costus pictus is widely used to normalise their sugar level. People who are using insulin plant have not done any species identification scientifically. Due to lack of knowledge and difficulty in identification (especially in the non-flowering season), many people are using Costus speciosus without knowing its adverse effects and allergic reactions.Conclusion: From the survey, it can be concluded that Costus pictus is widely used in some part of the community in Kerala, to normalize their sugar level. It is warranted to increase the awareness in the community about different species of Costus plant and adverse effects associated with similar species.
ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-LIPID PEROXIDATIVE AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF THE EPIPHYTIC FERN, PYRROSIA HETEROPHYLLA (L.) M. G. PRICE
Authors: George Meera , Joseph Leenamma , Josekumar V. S.
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study was aimed at establishing the antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidative and antimicrobial properties of the plant Pyrrosia heterophylla (L.) M. G. PRICE.Methods: Standard protocols were used to estimate the antioxidant potential of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of the plant. Radical scavenging ability of the extracts was assayed for 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. Total antioxidant activity assay was done following the phospho- molybdenum method. The reductive potential was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Lipid peroxidation assay was done in vitro. Total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antimicrobial activity was identified by well diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial dilution method.Results: Results revealed that the ethyl acetate extract (PHE) exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity followed by the methanolic extract (PHM) whereas the hexane extract (PHH) had the lowest activity. The percentage radical scavenging by PHE was found to be 86.63±0.85, 89.48±2.08 and 70.89±1.46 for DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals respectively, at a concentration of 800μg/ml. The total antioxidant activity of PHE, PHM and PHH was found to be 538.33±3.51, 283.33±7.57and 13.76±3.95 ascorbic acid equivalents/g of extract respectively. Phenolic content of PHE was the highest (207.22±1.95 gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of extract), followed by PHM and PHH (197.92±2.00 and 37.50±2.18 GAE/g respectively). Total reducing power was also found to be the highest in PHE followed by PHM and PHH as per the FRAP assay. All the extracts were found to possess inhibitory activity against the tested microorganisms. MIC50 value of all the extracts was below 40 µg/ml.Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of the plant P. heterophylla (L.) M. G. PRICE.
FACILE SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL STUDIES, DFT CALCULATIONS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF NOVEL NI (II), CU (II), AND PD (II) COMPLEXES OF THIADIAZOLE ANALOGS
Authors: Bhatt Priyanka , Deepthi S. , Kumar Ch. Ravi Shankar , Jha Anjali
Published: April 2017

Objective: A facile synthesis of some novel Schiff base derivatives of 2-substituted-5-amino-thiadiazoles along with their Ni (II), Cu (II), and Pd (II) complexes were achieved by sonication and the conventional method. In addition to establish the structure by DFT studies and to explore antimicrobial and anticancer activities of these novel compounds.Methods: The precursor 2-substituted-5-amino-thiadiazoles (T1-T3), target ligands and their metal complexes were synthesized by ultra-sonication and conventional means. The isolated products were thoroughly characterized by physical and spectroscopic techniques including 1H-NMR, [13]C-NMR and IR spectroscopy. All characterized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activities using well diffusion method, and MTT assay was performed for cytotoxicity.Results: All novel compounds were synthesized by a green route i.e. ultra sonication and a noticeable improvement in yield with shorter reaction time than the conventional method were observed. The octahedral geometry was proposed for Ni (II)/Cu (II) complexes whereas square planar for Pd (II) complexes on the basis of the spectral techniques which were supported by DFT analysis by Gaussian03. On the analysis of antimicrobial activities, the compound T7 and T10 showed maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities respectively. However, compounds T25, T37, T31 found to be a potential cytotoxic compound with IC50 value 0.469, 0.865 and 1.131 μM respectively.Conclusion: Analysis of synthetic protocol, it could be concluded that ultra-sonication is the better method to synthesize these potential biological active moiety. On the whole Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes showed promising activity towards all microorganisms while Pd (II) complex emerged an excellent moiety in carcinoma cell line.
A STUDY ON TREATMENT PATTERN AND OUTCOMES OF POISONING CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE AND GOVERNMENT DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Authors: Khan Pathan Amanulla , M. Dileep Chary , Kumar M. Manoj , Nousheen B.b. Sarah
Published: April 2017

Objective: Poisoning is a major prevalent problem, with thousands of deaths occurring every year, mainly in developing countries. The present study sought to identify the treatment pattern and outcomes of poisoning cases admitted to Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital and Research Centre (BMCH and RC) and Government District Hospital and to determine the type of poison cases.Methods: This is a prospective observational study aimed to analyse the poisoning cases admitted to general medicine departments and emergency departments of BMCH and RC and Government District Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka for a period of six months. Results: A total of 100 cases were enrolled in this study. 63% of the cases were identified from BMCH and RC, with the remainder being from Government Hospital. The study shows that 41% of the cases were 21-30 y old. 48% (n=48) were males and 52% (n=52) were females. Different types of poisoning cases were observed; organophosphorus poisoning (OP) taking the lead, followed by snake bite cases. The study denotes a mortality rate of 4% and morbidity rate of 96%. A majority of cases were reported in the second quarter of the year.Conclusion: It was concluded from the above findings that young age adults constituted a significant percentage of the subjects. It is essential, therefore, to propose policies that can terminate the free trade of poisonous pesticides and to create awareness and periodically counsel the vulnerable group of the population.
ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF TERMINALIA CATAPPA FRUIT EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Behl Tapan , Kotwani Anita
Published: April 2017

Objective: To explore the anti-hyperglycemic effect of fruit extract of Terminalia catappa (Indian almond), a potential medicine from plant origin in a diabetic rat model.Methods: Streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetic rat model was utilized in the study. Three doses of test drug, hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of Terminalia catappa in 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg and a standard anti-diabetic drug, glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used. The study had a total of nine groups with eight animals in each group. Drugs were given orally every day for 12 w. Blood glucose, body weight and urine volume were measured weekly, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was estimated at 12th week in all groups. Data for all parameters were analyzed using one-way ANOVA repeated measures followed by Mann-Whitney test.Results: Hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of T. catappa significantly decreased blood glucose, urine volume and increased body weight in a dose-dependent manner in diabetic rats. At 12th week, blood glucose level in control, diabetic control, glibenclamide, T. catappa (40 mg/kg) group was 96.25±2.05 mg/dl, 599.75±0.25 mg/dl, 248.25±11.45 mg/dl, 115.00±3.78 mg/dl respectively. Effect of T. catappa in 30 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg dose was significantly more than glibenclamide. At 12th week, HbA1c level in control, diabetic control, glibenclamide, T. catappa (40 mg/kg) was 2.94±0.33 mmol/l, 4.94±0.49 mmol/l, 3.61±0.28 mmol/l, 3.21±0.27 mmol/l. Treatment with T. catappa 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and glibenclamide brought back the level of HbA1c to normal levels. The addition of glibenclamide to T. catappa (40 mg/kg) did not produce any additional effect on blood glucose and HbA1c levels compared to the effect of T. catappa (40 mg/kg) in diabetic rats.Conclusion: Terminalia catappa fruit extract exhibited a significant anti-hyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats and has a great potential to be used in diabetes.
Dysfunctional Attitudes, Learned Helplessness, And Coping Styles Among Men with Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Wang Cui-yan , Zhang Kai , Zhang Min
Published: April 2017

We examined the relationships between dysfunctional attitudes, learned helplessness, and coping styles in a sample of 623 men with substance use disorders. We also explored the potential mediating effect of learned helplessness in the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and
coping styles. Participants completed the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Learned Helplessness Scale, and Coping Style Questionnaire. Results revealed that male drug abusers demonstrated dysfunctional attitudes and learned helplessness. In addition, dysfunctional attitudes and learned helplessness
significantly predicted the coping styles of male drug abusers. However, although learned helplessness affected coping styles, it did not mediate the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and coping styles. Practical and theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.
2. The Map to Curriculum Alignment and Improvement
Authors: Kopera-Frye Karen , Mahaffy John , Messick Svare Gloria
Published: April 2017

Curriculum mapping is a versatile process tool that can help faculty discern whether different curriculum components align; and if not, what adjustments can be made. Through this process faculty create a graphic portrayal of the program outcomes, the courses that comprise the program, and their relationship to the program’s purpose. This article describes both the curriculum mapping process and resulting map, highlighting the versatility of this approach by sharing examples of how it has been used by several academic units.
3. Evolving Expectations for Teaching in Higher Education in Canada
Authors: Hunt Gary A. , Wright Alan , Gordon George
Published: April 2017

Although many Canadian universities offer graduate level training or certificates on teaching in higher education, there is no national framework of expectations or provision for national certification of post-secondary teachers. There are models of post-secondary teaching expectations in the United Kingdom and in elementary and secondary systems in both the US and Canada. In addition, many US universities have competency-based graduate teaching assistant programs. The province of Ontario has adopted a mandatory framework of learning expectations for Baccalaureate and graduate degrees for all publicly funded universities. The question we address in this essay is: Has our teacher training practice evolved to the point where we should look ahead to consider formalizing expectations of effective post-secondary teaching practices through a national framework?In our view, there is now sufficient interest within the Society for Teaching and Learning Higher Education (STLHE) to establish a working group that would initiate a national consultation to discuss the process and structure for formulating an enabling framework.
9. Clinical and Practicum Education in the Professions: The Student Voice
Authors: Ralph Edwin , Wimmer Randy , Walker Keith
Published: April 2017

Undergraduate students in professional education programs typically rate their clinical or practicum experiences as teh most important component of their entire pre-service preparation.  This essay addresses the value of students’ views regarding the effectiveness of practicum programs. We summarize the views of 546 post-practicum students from three professional disciplines (engineering, nursing, and teacher education), concerning what they considered to be the most positive and negative aspectsof their respective practicum/clinical field-experiences.Our data analysis revealed three positive themes across the disciplines: the supportive interrelationships that students experienced; their own professional achievements; and their personal contribution to the welfare of their clients/pupils. Three negative elements also emerged: individual personal/professional challenges; site-based interpersonal conflicts; and policy or procedural problems with the program. Implications are raised for practicum administrators regarding the contribution of the student voice to clinical program enhancement.
10. Exploring Strategies in Facilitating Cultural Diversity: A Freirean Approach
Authors: Jamal Zenobia , Guo Shibao
Published: April 2017

The student population in Canada’s higher education institutions is becoming increasingly racially and culturally diverse. Canadian higher education has the obligation to build inclusive teaching and learning environments where the needs and aspirations of students from diverse cultures and backgrounds can be addressed in an equitable manner. Using a Freirean approach, this paper aims to develop a process for deriving useful and practical strategies to meet the challenges of creating culturally and linguistically inclusive classroom environments.
6. Academic Writing and the International Imperative
Authors: Steinman Linda
Published: April 2017

Internationalization at the university level may be envisioned in various ways. Often, it is considered along the economic dimensions: money in, money out; international fees; and international articulation possibilities for both education and business. Harris (2008) argues for a less economic, more cultural interpretation of internationalization. Otherwise, internationalization is in danger of degenerating (or translating) into instrumentalism and consumerism. This paper focuses on the classroom where so many students themselves are international beings and looks at how faculty might manage, integrate, and learn from this classroom-level reality.
15. Whose Music? Diversity in a First-Year Foundation Course
Authors: Wells Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2017

Students come to university with diverse tastes, experiences, and backgrounds, yet we often want them to embrace a body of aesthetics, philosophies, and ideologies that reflect the material we and our established disciplines value as central. However, by using their own backgrounds as a basis for exploration, discovery, and sharing, students can learn a great amount from each other’s tastes and experiences. Two assignments designed for a first-year foundation course in music history and literature draw on personal backgrounds. Personal Music History and Music Repertoire Assignment allow students to bring the music they know and love, as well as their life experiences to the study of a new body of musical literature. Although music-specific, these assignments can be tailored to virtually any field of study within a first-year foundation course. Engagement on a personal level with course-related material makes the transition from high school to a university-level course smoother.
20. What’s all the Clicking About? A Study of Classroom Response System Use at the University of Toronto
Authors: Harlow Jason , Kushnir Lena Paulo , Bank Charly , Browning Scott , Clarke Jim , Cordon Anne , Harrison David , Ing Karen , Kutas Cecilia , Serbanescu Ruxandra
Published: April 2017

Classroom response systems (clickers) are used in many courses at the University of Toronto (U of T), primarily to introduce interactive pedagogy and to engage students in lecture courses. We examined the use of clickers in various courses at U of T and interviewed over 30 instructors about their use of clickers in classes with a total enrolment of over 5,000 students. Students in these classes were surveyed about their perception of the value of this technology. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the logistics of using clickers, the pedagogical value and associated teaching strategies, and students’ perception of its efficacy in their learning. We discuss some of the successes and failures of using clickers as a teaching and learning tool.
33. The Course Challenge Procedure: A Fast but Not Furious Way to Update University Curriculums
Authors: Fornssler Cathie M.
Published: April 2017

Universities want to encourage faculty to keep curricula up-to-date and innovative, yet faculty dread the prospect of arguing about course and program changes with college and university curriculum committees – which are overworked and overwhelmed with detail. The Course Challenge Procedure (CCP) at the University of Saskatchewan is a collegial yet autonomous way for peer review and approval of new courses, and pre-requisite and program changes. It encourages more faculty members to be informed about curricular changes in other units, yet also allows for faster approval. The CCP can be implemented as a web-based, email, or paper distribution system, and used as the basis for integrated curriculum approval processes at the department, college, and university level.
34. Community-Based Learning: Practices, Challenges, and Reflections
Authors: Morton Mavis
Published: April 2017

This paper will highlight an innovate practice in teaching and learning by reflecting on two fourth-year sociology seminar classes that participated in a community-based learning project at York University. Fifty students collaborated in three to six person teams to work on a problem/issue identified by one of five not-for-profit organizations who work with and/or for women as victims, offenders, and/or professionals in the Canadian criminal justice system. Reflections on the process and outcome of the experience offer insights into organizing and engaging in a community-based learning experience as well as point to some of the substantive benefits. These include the opportunity for increased student engagement, access to, and awareness of, course and community related issues, and citizenship. The paper also identifies potential opportunities to incorporate the dimensions of participation and collaboration between institutions of higher learning and the community/world to mobilize knowledge and offer unique scholarship opportunities for faculty.
4. Responding to the Challenging Dilemma of Faculty Engagement in Research on Teaching and Learning and Disciplinary Research
Authors: Kenny Natasha , Evers Frederick
Published: April 2017

Over the past two decades, the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) has received increased attention in academe. Broadly conceptualized as an area which combines the experience of teaching with the scholarship of research, and the dissemination of this knowledge such that the broader academic community can benefit from this scholarly product, SoTL has been regarded as a primary means to increase the quality and value of teaching in higher education. This paper explores five challenges which contribute to the dilemma of faculty engagement in research on teaching and learning: limited expertise, the graduate studies culture, terminology (SoTL is widely misunderstood), reward and recognition, and time constraints. Responses to these challenges are presented in hopes of contributing to a positive dialogue for change, where faculty engagement in research on teaching and learning not only continues to grow, but becomes firmly grounded as an essential scholarly activity within higher education.
6. Moving (Literally) to Engage Students: Putting the (Physically) Active in Active Learning
Authors: Strean William B.
Published: April 2017

This paper explores a variety of practices and classroom activities that engage the whole student. Grounded in a somatic perspective (from “soma” meaning the body in its wholeness – the integration of thinking, feeling, and acting), the discussion shows how students can be brought fully into learning through movement, music, and interaction. Examples include: “The Leaders Body: Moving to the Next Level,” which incorporates postures, moving to selected music clips, and working in small groups to learn about five dispositions of the body (determination, openness, flexibility, stability, and centre); “Finding Flow,” which includes an experiential process in groups of five that brings alive the spectrum from boredom to optimal experience to anxiety; and “Building a Humour Body,” which is based on both Reich’s (1960) notions about armoring and the chakra system.
9. Quality Matters: A Faculty-Centred Program to Assure Quality in Online Course Design
Authors: Shattuck Kay
Published: April 2017

One of the dilemmas faced by today’s faculty is assuring quality in online courses. As one solution to that dilemma, Quality Matters (QM), a program of MarylandOnline, built a rubric of design standards informed by existing research literature and best practices. The rubric was implemented within a faculty-centred, peer review process in which colleagues share their expertise to facilitate course design improvements and to achieve an established level of quality in online course design. This article will describe the basic tenets and processes of QM as an inter-institutional quality assurance program for online learning.
18. Electronic Social Networks, Teaching, and Learning
Authors: Banks Pidduck Anne
Published: April 2017

This paper explores the relationship between electronic social networks, teaching, and learning. Previous studies have shown a strong positive correlation between student engagement and learning. By extending this work to engage instructors and add an electronic component, our study shows possible teaching improvement as well. In particular, enthusiastic teachers and learners have a more positive attitude toward their work and studies.
20. Learning That Matters: Discovery of Meaning and Development of Wisdom in Undergraduate Education
Authors: Mengel Thomas
Published: April 2017

This paper makes the case for a shift of undergraduate education towards the development of meaningful life skills that are of value to the graduates as well as to the communities they live in. First, relevant connections between student learning, meaning, and wisdom will be made. Second, the article will explore how undergraduate education can more holistically and comprehensively support students in learning meaningfully and in developing elements of wisdom. In particular, the paper will suggest principles that allow the meaningful integration of learning outcomes, experiential learning opportunities, reflection, and assessment.
21. Enriching Social Work Through Interdisciplinary Disability Studies
Authors: Carter Irene , Quaglia Christine , Leslie Donald
Published: April 2017

This paper recommends that faculties of Social Work incorporate Disability Studies in their curriculum by embracing its interdisciplinary deconstructionist perspective. Disability Studies encourages Social Work to move beyond person-in–the-environment and anti-oppressive approaches to find more effective ways of removing barriers for persons with disabilities, and new opportunities to include them in the larger culture. Discussing the critical nature of Disability Studies, the authors point out how Social Work is learning to embrace the interdisciplinary nature of Disability Studies.
28. How Much Language Do They Need? The Dilemma English-Medium Universities Face When Enrolling English as an Additional Language Students
Authors: Von Randow Janet
Published: April 2017

Although international and domestic students applying to English-medium universities may well meet the minimum language entry requirement, recent research indicates that this level of language proficiency often does not provide students with the means to cope effectively with their academic studies (Barthel, 2007; Elder, 2003; Read & Hayes, 2003). To resolve this dilemma our major, multicultural New Zealand university is addressing the problem through implementation of the Diagnostic English Language Needs Assessment (DELNA), a post-entry programme administered to all first-year undergraduate students, regardless of their language background. We use the diagnostic outcomes to guide individual students with particular needs to appropriate forms of academic language enrichment. This paper outlines DELNA’s history and administration, student responses to the assessment and the subsequent development and uptake of language support options.
29. Two Models for Introducing Graduate Students to the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Patrito Hannon Natasha , Taraban-Gordon Svitlana
Published: April 2017

Graduate students aspiring to become faculty members should be provided with meaningful opportunities to explore the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) and to formulate questions about student learning and effective teaching. To this end, teaching and learning centres should incorporate SoTL-oriented components within the framework of educational development programs to prepare our future faculty. This article briefly reviews the emerging literature on graduate student engagement with SoTL and highlights two possible approaches for incorporating SoTL into educational development programs for graduate students.
31. Exploring Motivational and Learning Differences With Mature Students in Post-Secondary Education
Authors: Murray William C. , Smith Leslie , Nielson Keith
Published: April 2017

This study examines the differences that exist among various age cohorts attending a post-secondary educational institution. Respondents were from the New Brunswick Community College’s six separate campuses (n=251). Significant differences were found to exist predominantly around social and family issues. Although differences did appear based on age groupings, a small amount of variation appeared when compared with theoretical literature. The largest barrier to post-secondary education that existed, regardless of age, was the financial burden placed upon the learner.
4. A Learner-Centred Mock Conference Model for Undergraduate Teaching
Authors: Kumar Kari
Published: April 2017

This essay describes a mock conference model of instruction suitable for use in undergraduate teaching, and which adheres to principles of learner-centred instruction and universal design for learning. A staged process of learner preparation for the conference is outlined, and student and instructor roles during preconference, conference, and post-conference periods are described. The model is not discipline-specific or course level-specific and may be utilized in a variety of teaching contexts. I have implemented this model in a first-year undergraduate course, where students presented conference-style oral presentations and virtual poster presentations, and I guided them along the staged preparation process. Potential benefits of this model include fostering the development of self-directed autonomous learners by prompting students to take responsibility for their own learning, and providing students with diverse learning preferences and needs with equal opportunities to succeed by imparting variety and flexibility into the way in which course material is presented.
18. Avatars: Usefulness in Collaborative Online Learning Environments
Authors: Wilton Lesley , Noël Tonya
Published: April 2017

Digital technologies that enhance computer-mediated communications are provoking change in the way educators interact with learners. As online course offerings expand and enrollment numbers increase, the challenges of effective online learning call for innovation and creativity. It is beneficial to introduce activities which establish trust and engagement in online learning communities. This paper describes the positive effects of an avatar activity that engaged the authors and their peers during two graduate-level collaborative online classes.
20. Developing a New Activity: STUDENT APPROVED
Authors: Smit Julie , Cavallo-Medved Dora , Poling Kirsten
Published: April 2017

Do you have an idea for a new activity or laboratory exercise that you would like to incorporate into your course but feel unsure as to how it will be received by your students? This was our concern when developing first-year biology labs for a biology majors’ course at University of Windsor. Through a Centred on Learning Innovation Fund (CLIF) grant at our institution, we were able to form new and revised laboratory exercises, incorporating on-line, active, and reflective components. But, would the students like the labs? Which labs should be replaced? Using student surveys and a ‘trial’ lab, we were able to collect information about the new lab, as well as the old labs. It was a revelation to witness the enthusiasm and the appreciation first-year students had for being involved in the development of the labs. The goal of this essay is to identify the benefits and costs of incorporating a new activity into a course, as well as describing the process that we developed, which includes student input as an important component in the development of the activity.