bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULHERES NEGRAS, PERFORMANCE NEGRA E REINVENÇÕES: reflexões sobre a performance negra e as mulheres negras como artistas e intelectuais
Authors: Santana Monica Pereira de
Published: June 2021

Este artigo discute o quanto as produções artísticas e de conhecimento de mulheres negras foram pilhadas historicamente, e quanto ainda hoje, essas criações não cabem nos contornos das noções tradicionais de autoria. O artigo revisita as discussões sobre autoria, como também um espaço de apagamento histórico. A pesquisa também retoma o conceito de performance negra, quanto um espaço de produção de sentido, bem como espaço de produção de si e de existência. De afetar os discursos em torno dos corpos de pessoas negras e se posicionar.
CONTROLE PARLAMENTAR POR MEIO DOS DISCURSOS DOS DEPUTADOS NA 55ª LEGISLATURA
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Quintanilha da
Published: June 2021

Examinou-se o uso dos instrumentos formais de fiscalização parlamentar postos à disposição do parlamentar de 1988 a 2018 e dos discursos dos deputados federais com viés fiscalizatório de 2 de fevereiro de 2015 a 31 de janeiro de 2019 (55ª Legislatura). O objetivo é quantificar os Instrumentos de Fiscalização e Controle (control tools) e a relação com os discursos proferidos durante o Grande Expediente na Câmara dos Deputados. A metodologia é baseada em técnica quantitativa, especialmente na comparação de variáveis totalizantes, e qualitativa, a fim de classificar proposições e interpretar os resultados. Conclui-se que o controle parlamentar em termos numéricos decresceu, assim como a participação dos discursos contendo expressões ligadas à fiscalização. Com efeito, há possibilidade de migração dos deputados para outras plataformas e/ou diminuição da relevância de se fiscalizar por meio dos discursos. Dessa forma, ressalta-se a importância do estudo da função típica de fiscalizar do Poder Legislativo, com intuito de entender seu funcionamento e apontar eventuais aperfeiçoamentos.
Fourth-Generation ELISA Screening of Blood Donors: A Reliable Alternative to Nucleic Acid Testing
Authors: Ayuba Z , Damulak OD , Salawu L , Jatau ED , Jasini J , Pam GJ , Egesie OJ
Published: June 2021

The gold standard for HIV screening of blood donors is individual nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT). However, individual NAT testing is cost-prohibitive, especially in a resource-limited setting. The fourth-generation ELISA that detects both p24 antigen and antibody to HIV-1 and 2 has been recommended as the minimum test for HIV to enhance blood transfusion safety and can be an alternative to NAT testing in resource-limited settings. The aim was to assess the performance of a fourth-generation ELISA in use at a regional blood transfusion service using nucleic acid amplification testing on units of screened blood negative to HIV. The study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the National Blood Transfusion Service center and the Plateau State Virology Research Centre, both in Jos, Nigeria. Between August and October 2016, one thousand and eighteen voluntary blood donors were recruited consecutively and had their samples tested using fourth-generation ELISA. One thousand p24 antigen-negative samples were pooled for NAT in an aliquot of 50 samples. All the pools of fifty samples of 1,000 HIV p24 antigen-antibody negative donor blood screened by the fourth-generation ELISA tested negative for HIV RNA on nucleic acid amplification. The yield of pooled NAT for HIV after a fourth-generation ELISA screening of blood donors was found to be zero in this study, thus establishing the fourth-generation ELISA's reliability. Therefore, we recommend adopting the fourth-generation ELISA test as a minimum requirement for blood donor screening.
On the Possibility of Using ULF/ELF Electromagnetic Waves from Undersea Cables to Detect Airplanes Submerged in the Ocean
Authors: Smith Dallin , Simpson Jamesina
Published: June 2021

The loss of Malaysian Flight on March 8, 2014, and the subsequent lengthy search for the aircraft highlights the need for an effective detection system for locating airplanes that have crashed into the ocean. The goal of this paper is to test the feasibility of detecting
submerged airplanes using ultra-low frequency and/or extremely-low frequency electromagnetic signals generated by undersea cables located along the bottom of the ocean. The proposed detection system is tested using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling of the cable source, ocean water, ground, and submerged object (aircraft). The perturbation caused by the object is obtained for different positions of the object relative to the cable source. The magnitude of the perturbation is compared to the expected background level for a depth of 3 km into the ocean. A sensor array is proposed for detecting objects within several km of the cable.
Near-to-Far Field Transformation in FDTD: A Comparative Study of Different Interpolation Approaches
Authors: Bollimuntha Ravi , Hadi Mohammed , Piket-May Melinda , Elsherbeni Atef
Published: June 2021

Equivalence theorems in electromagnetic field theory stipulate that farfield radiation pattern/scattering profile of a source/scatterer can be evaluated from fictitious electric and magnetic surface currents on an equivalent imaginary surface enclosing the source/scatterer. These surface currents are in turn calculated from tangential (to the equivalent surface) magnetic and electric fields, respectively. However, due to the staggered-in-space placement of electric and magnetic fields in FDTD Yee cell, selection of a single equivalent surface harboring both tangential electric and magnetic fields is not feasible. The work-around is to select a closed surface with tangential electric (or magnetic) fields and interpolate the neighboring magnetic (or electric) fields to bring approximate magnetic (or electric) fields onto the same surface. Interpolation schemes
available in the literature include averaging, geometric mean and the mixed-surface approach. In this work, we compare FDTD farfield scattering profiles of a dielectric cube calculated from surface currents that are obtained using various interpolation techniques. The results are benchmarked with those obtained from integral equation
solvers available in the commercial packages FEKO and HFSS.
Design of Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Mobile Wireless Application
Authors: Bethala Chaitanya , Kamsali Manjunatha
Published: June 2021

In this article, a pentaband rectangular DRA is explored and presented. The proposed antenna has a crescent-shaped radiating element with defected ground structure and it is feed by 50‐Ω microstrip line. The RDRA invariably has two similar dielectric resonators
made up of RT5870 is positioned on top of the crescent-shaped patch. With the use of a dielectric resonator, the proposed structure has good improvement in impedance
bandwidth and gain. The proposed rectangular DRA has penta operating frequency bands with resonant frequency at 1.49 GHz, 2.00 GHz, 2.50 GHz, 5.49 GHz, and 7.75 GHz. The projected structure exhibits the broadside radiation pattern with the maximum gain and directivity of 4 dBi and 4.5 dBi, respectively. The gig of the projected RDRA is validated with the help of simulated results by CST software. The observed results of the proposed
antenna indicate that it can be a potential candidate for GPS, PCS, UMTS, ISM, WLAN, Wi-MAX applications.
Authors: Wahyuni Nurindah , Seniwati Tuti , Mulhaeriah Mulhaeriah
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

 

Pendahuluan:Kelahiran prematur merupakan penyebab kematian bayi terbesar. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) salah satu perawatan paling efektif untuk bayi lahir prematur.

Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode Kangaroo Mother Care terhadap Tanda-Tanda Vital Refleks Hisap dan Berat Badan Bayi Prematur.

Metode : Penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian one-group pre dan posttest. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dengan menggunakan lembar observasi. Besar sampel 12 bayi prematur.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan selisi tanda-tanda vital (suhu mengalami peningkatan 0.17ºC, pernapasan mengalami peningkatan 2.16 kali permenit, nadi mengalami peningkatan 2.21 kali permenit), nilai refleks hisap mengalami peningkatan 1.099 dan berat badan bayi mengalami peningkatan 15.71-gram setelah KMC.

Kesimpulan dan saran: Terdapat pengaruh tanda-tanda vital dan berat badan bayi lahir prematur sebelum dan sesudah KMC namun KMC tidak mempengaruhi refleks hisap bayi lahir prematur. Disarankan petugas kesehatan memberikan penyuluhan dan pelahitan KMC kepada masyarakat sehingga masyarakat mengetahui manfaat KMC dalam merawat bayi prematur.

 

Kata kunci : bayi prematur, kangaroo mother care, tanda-tanda vital, refleks hisap, berat badan
Mangrove Ecosystem, Seagrass, Coral Reef: its Role in Self-Purification and Carrying Capacity in Coastal Areas
Authors: Hasim Hasim
Published: June 2021

The coast is an area that has very high activity. It is estimated that 60% of the world's population lives in coastal areas. Various types of pollution enter this area. Halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides, marine biotoxins, synthetic fertilizers, livestock and fishery waste, heavy metals, hot water discharges and radioactive substances. Coastal areas are natural ecosystems built by unique ecosystems including mangrove forests, seagrass beds and coral reefs. The three ecosystems interact dynamically and are interdependent. One of the characteristics of natural ecosystems is the ability to self-purify so that their carrying capacity is optimal. The coastal self-purification capacity is built by the synergy between the physical, chemical and biological components as well as their hydrological-morphological components. The self-purification mechanism includes filtration, transformation, degradation and decomposition. Self-purification is the ability of coastal ecosystems to accept a certain amount of waste in a complex natural process and before there is an indication of a decrease in its intended function. The implementation of self-purification effectively will support the optimization of carrying capacity, namely the ability of the ecosystem to support the life of the population. There are three factors related to carrying capacity, namely the availability of natural resources, population and consumption levels.
O ENSINO DA LÍNGUA INGLESA PARA ALUNOS SURDOS NAS ESCOLAS DE ENSINO MÉDIO DA REDE PÚBLICA
Authors: Rubim de Souza Joniery , Bahia Costa Lucinete , Da Silva Costa Ana Luiza , De Morais Costa Isabella
Published: June 2021

O reconhecimento da língua brasileira de sinais (Libras) como a língua oficial da pessoa surda a partir do Decreto n. 5626/2005 representou um grande avanço na inclusão dos alunos surdos no contexto escolar. As discussões acerca do incremento da educação especial, no que se refere à adaptação das escolas para atender satisfatoriamente os alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE), vem ganhando força nas últimas décadas. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a prática docente no ensino de Língua Inglesa para alunos surdos, nas escolas de ensino médio, no município de Caxias-MA. A pesquisa é de natureza básica, de abordagem metodológica quanti-qualitativa, por meio bibliográfico e de campo. No que se refere à população, a pesquisa de campo foi realizada com docentes da disciplina de língua inglesa, intérpretes de Libras e alunos surdos no segundo semestre de 2019. Como resultado, percebeu-se que com a utilização de Scaffoldings, que possibilita ao aluno realizar uma tarefa, a aplicação da Zona Proximal de Desenvolvimento (ZPD) para desenvolver as habilidades cognitivas dos alunos, e o uso de metodologias adaptadas e de estratégias para o ensino torna-se possível o ensino da língua inglesa para alunos surdos.
DATA MINING IN HEALTHCARE SECTOR
Authors: ALI Sura I. Mohammed , BUTI Rafid Habib
Published: June 2021

Disease detection is one of the applications where data mining techniques achieved more accurate and useful results. The healthcare sector collects massive volumes of healthcare data that are not mine to discover hidden data for better decision-making, a field of data mining introduces more efficiently and effectively to predict different kinds of diseases. Clustering medical data into small, meaningful chunks will help in pattern discovery by allowing for the retrieval of a large number of specific data points. The difference in using clustering the medical data from traditional data mining techniques is in extracting many features of the dataset that have been split into small segments to enable us to discover patterns by adding the data structure. By using clustering techniques, discovered overall correlations between data attributes. Selected data processing makes the mining process more efficient. The processed disease data are clustered using the K-means algorithm with the K values. Its ease of use and speed, which enable it to perform on a massive dataset. This paper highlights the theoretical side in using the K-Means Clustering algorithm in the context of data mining of disease detection and allowing for reliable and effective diagnosis.
COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS FOR (ZN,SN) PLASMA BY LIBS
Authors: NASIF Hadeel K. , A. AADIM Kadhim , AHMED Baida M.
Published: June 2021

this article a spectroscopic research on laser-produced Tin and Zinc plasmas using the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technique. Plasmas can be produced from a solid tin and zinc targets irradiated with a pulsed laser in room environments. The spectrum is recorded for the Sn, Zn laser plasma Nd: YAG with a wavelength of (1064) nm, a duration of (9) ns, and a frequency of (6) Hz and a focal length of (10) cm within the energy range (300-800)mj. By using the ratio line strength formula, the electron temperature (Te) can be calculated and the result is for Zinc (Zn) plasma (2.11 ev) and tin (Sn) plasma (1,227 ev). The Saha-Boltzmann equation will be used to calculate electron density (ne) in this method and the values for zinc (Zn) (3.3 cm-3)and tin (Sn) (2.1 cm-3). The plasma parameters, such as plasma (fp), Debye duration (λD), and Debye number (ND), were calculated in the proposed document.
The presence of a Latin American psychological line in the Anglo-Saxon academic context: the Psychology of Liberation in Scopus (2002-2015)
Authors: Luiz Pinto Adilson , Paredes Hector Alejandro , Sousa Netto Manoel Camilo
Published: June 2021

Liberation psychology is a theory born in Latin America. This article studies the psychology of liberation in the Scopus database, with the aim of deepening historically on the subject and identify their visibility among Anglos-Saxons scientists. The study is a temporal analysis (2002-2015), in order to know their history, the key players in its creation, authors' greater impact on publications and major scientific journals. Also, it conducted an analysis of production according to the authorities, publications, terminologies, and citations. This study uses as tools data analysis Programs (Createpajek) and display of information (Netdraw). The main results in a universe of 55 papers were: 9 main authors; 3 elite journals that publish more than 41% of the articles; auniverse 7 keywords that control the law of the least effort, and the replication of the most cited journals.
When links build networks: brief history about the Antropocaos Group
Authors: Miceli Jorge Eduardo , Castro Mora , Diaz Cordova Diego
Published: June 2021

The Antropocaos Group of the Universidad de Buenos Aires has been working on topics related to Social Network Analysis and other complexity algorithms for more than 20 years. This article reviews some of the team’s productions lines of work and the more frequent methodological choices. To this end, we outlined a brief history of our formation in the university cloisters, from the beginning of the 1990s to the present day. We emphasize the empirical topics addressed by the group, in order to highlight both the conceptual variability and the methodological unity regarding different areas of Social Network Analysis application. A section is dedicated specifically to those studies where we implemented simulation models and the possibility to observe reticular phenomena in a controlled computational environment. The next section shows different areas in which the members of Antropocaos currently carry out their activities and apply reticular methods, including academic research, management, and public administration, and different sorts of consultancies. Finally, we point toward some guidelines about the future of the group, as well as the lines of research that are just being started, related to algorithms of Artificial Intelligence, as well as our long-standing commitment to disseminate the Social Networks Analysis methodology.
Methodological aspects around the reconstruction of surname sub-sets in bimodal networks
Authors: Fernández Federico
Published: June 2021

This article addresses the methodological aspects surrounding the transformation of a cadastral land registry from the end of the 19th century belonging to the department of Humahuacua, Jujuy province (Argentina), in a series of bimodal matrices and networks. The idea that has guided the relational treatment of the data towards said historical sources, starts from the premise that certain individuals carrying a discrete set of surnames, and who have shared similar monetary amounts of appraisal declared in the said land cadastre, were more likely to link with each other in different areas of social life, such as the limited political and regional power circle of the late nineteenth century in Jujuy. The results obtained show the possibility of delimiting and reconstructing sub-sets of surnames that are linked less and/or more frequently to each other, according to four pre-constructed appraisal categories based on a segmentation of the registered monetary valuations in the land registry. Likewise, and as a product of this new grouping of information arising from the application of Social Network Analysis (ARS), it is feasible to limit the study to the qualitative aspects (age, residence, descent, nuptial ties, baptismal sponsorships) of individuals that formed part of these resulting sub-sets, through the focused search of ecclesiastical acts recorded within the same historical period.
An Approach to 18th Century American Exploration Using Automatic Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Kiektik Mario Lucas , García Fiorini Andres Lucas
Published: June 2021

The relationship between America and Europe has been characterized by asymmetry. Towards the end of the 18th century, in the face of the English boom, the Spanish crown began a series of reforms, including sponsoring scientific expeditions. Among them is the one directed by José Celestino Mutis. This work, which mainly uses text mining techniques and analysis of social networks, addresses the understanding of this exploratory project, its motives, difficulties, and consequences, through the automated study of the epistolary file of the aforementioned scientist during the period 1760- 1808. The results of the processing and interpretation were put in relation to the known antecedents, regarding the author's interests, type of relationships, and resources that he implemented to carry out his project and how this was expressed in the correspondence.
Factors and Features Influencing Laptop Users of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Mishra Anjay Kumar , Aithal P. S.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Consumer perception of laptop users is a great concern for market analysts, user and sellers. The aim is to assess the important factors and major media of advertisements influencing the purchase decision of a particular laptop brand using descriptive statics.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on scheduled survey of 120 laptop users. Cross tabulation, percentage, and Likert scale were used to describe the perception quantitatively.
Findings/Result: The study also showed that people are less price sensitive, people hardly switch from one brand of laptop to another because of price. In case of unavailability of their most preferred brand of laptop, most of them wait for their preferred brand, and only few buys second preferred brand or any available brand. Only higher price doesn’t mean good quality to most of the costumers and they are also not comfortable in using the recent, not proven technology. Customers are also influenced by sales schemes and offer while purchasing laptop. Focuses on 15-45 years user group should be targeted.
Originality/Value: It is survey research significant for laptop buyers and sellers of Nepal using the descriptive model.
Paper Type: Descriptive survey research
The Mega Conglomerate of India- Success Story of Growth of Reliance Industries: A Case Study
Authors: Vijayakumar Suchetha , P. S. Nethravathi
Published: June 2021

Background/Purpose: ‘Growth’ is the aim and goal of any company – be it a startup or a conglomerate. Of late, the retail industry is growing steadily, especially in the field of e-retailing. Reliance Industries which came into the Retail business in 2006 has seen rapid and consistent success in its growth. This success is due to an assortment of contributing factors worth discussing.
Objective: To observe the growth saga of Reliance Industries and review the contributing factors that helped this growth.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Analysis and presentation of information collected from various scholarly articles, web articles, and also using SWOC framework.
Findings/Result: Based on the study through various resources and also by analyzing the facts and figures, it is observed that sustaining in Retail market is a tough job which also requires many strategies and procedures to be amicably followed. Creativity and Innovation, Mergers and Acquisitions are some of the proven solutions for the same.
Research limitations/implications: The analysis and solutions mentioned in this paper are limited to Industries whose business and annual turnover and experience is as close to Reliance Industry.
Originality/Value: This paper focuses on various factors and scenarios that has made the growth of the Reliance Industry possible and taken it to the level of being labelled as mega Conglomerate.
Paper Type: A Research Case study paper on success story and contributing factors of Reliance Industry in becoming the mega Conglomerate of India.
Migraine is the highest disabler among neurological disorders
Authors: Lima Thaiza Agostini Córdoba de
Published: June 2021

Commentary
The Lived Experience of Sexuality Among Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bathje Molly , Schrier Mallory , Williams Katherine , Olson Linda
Published: June 2021

Importance: Sexuality is an important part of the human experience. However, little is known about the experience of sexuality from the perspective of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).

Objective: To review evidence about the lived experience of sexuality among adults with IDD to inform future research and practice.

Data Sources: We located articles using search terms summarized into three categories: intellectual disability, sexual activity, and feelings/opinions. Articles were indexed in the following electronic databases: CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO.

Study Selection and Data Collection: Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology was used to review scientific literature published between 2008 and 2018. The studies were in English, were located in peer-reviewed journals, and described the experience of sexuality from the perspective of people with IDD or observations of expressed sexuality.

Findings: Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria. Four main themes emerged: intimate relationships, oppressed sexual activity, knowledge, and identity. Findings indicate that sexuality is a part of the lives of many adults with IDD, regardless of their engagement in sexual activity.

Conclusions and Relevance: Barriers to expression of sexuality exist for people with IDD. Some of these barriers are internal, although many are external. The results provide support for addressing sexuality among adults with IDD.

What This Article Adds: This review provides evidence to support occupational therapy practitioners in including sexuality as a part of their holistic view of clients and as an area for advocacy.
Empowering Caregivers of Children With Disabilities in Zambia: A Photovoice Study
Authors: Rabaey Paula , Hepperlen Renee , Manley Hayley , Ament-Lemke Amanda
Published: June 2021

Importance: Families with a child or children with a disability (CWD) living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are a marginalized population experiencing multiple contextual factors within a social model of disability that contribute to decreased occupational participation.

Objective: To understand the advocacy messages that caregivers of CWD, living in an LMIC, wanted their community to learn about CWD.

Design: Photovoice methodology was used with 10 parents of a CWD. Photographs, accompanying narratives, and focus group session transcripts were analyzed using Wang and Burris’s (1997) original Photovoice technique.

Setting: Urban subdistrict of Lusaka, Zambia. A community venue was used for the focus group, and the community photograph exhibition occurred in the subdistrict.

Participants: Ten parents of a CWD living in an urban subdistrict of Zambia who were currently participating in a community-based program, Kusamala+, which addressed stigma in the community and supported parents of children with disabilities through training.

Results: Three themes were revealed: (1) “our children with disabilities should be shown love,” (2) “our children with disabilities should be well taken care of,” and (3) “our children with disabilities need help because they have different needs.”

Conclusions and Relevance: The findings indicate that a social disability model lens and participatory action research can be used to reveal occupational injustices that hinder parents’ engagement in caregiving for their CWD in a marginalized community. Use of visual methodologies can be a powerful advocacy tool for marginalized populations.

What This Article Adds: Our findings suggest that occupational therapists can better understand, and provide services to, families living in marginalized communities by using a social model of disability as a framework for evaluation and service provision. By highlighting issues of occupational injustice, occupational therapists can advocate for and empower communities of people with disabilities who face stigma and discrimination.
“The Strength to Leave”: Women With Disabilities Navigating Violent Relationships and Occupational Identities
Authors: Njelesani Janet , Teachman Gail , Bangura Ibrahim Richard
Published: June 2021

Importance: Being in an intimate relationship is a desired occupation for many people, in particular for women living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where relationships can provide material support, intimacy, and social integration and increase chances of survival.

Objective: To explore accounts of navigating intimate relationships from women with disabilities in Sierra Leone.

Design: A qualitative study was conducted, guided by a critical occupational approach and informed by feminist disability scholarship. Data were generated through interviews and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Setting: Community-based across four districts of Sierra Leone.

Participants: Thirteen women with disabilities were recruited by means of snowball and purposive sampling.

Results: Four themes were generated that illuminated the women’s experiences of intimate relationships as viewed through the lens of gender and disability dimensions. The overarching theme, “violence in intimate relationships,” describes the incidences of violence and abuse they experienced. “Becoming a wife” explores the women’s occupational identity wishes. “Leaving as an occupational rupture” illuminates the actions the women took to end the relationship. “Mothering as an occupational identity and resource” focuses on the women’s role as mothers and transitions in their occupations.

Conclusions and Relevance: Taking their unique narratives into account draws attention to how the women have met their occupational needs and resisted occupational injustices, enabled by social and structural supports, including their children, disability social benefits, and their engagement in the disability rights movement. Implications are directed at socially committed occupational therapists to address systemic issues of disability- and gender-based violence.

What This Article Adds: This study adds much-needed knowledge in an area in which there is a paucity of research: the experiences of women with disabilities being in an intimate relationship as a social occupation in an LMIC. The results illuminate the importance of considering the systemic issues that affect the social occupations of women with disabilities, particularly in light of the shift within occupational therapy practice toward developing a socially transformative focus.
Self-Management Interventions to Improve Activities of Daily Living and Rest and Sleep for Adults With Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Smallfield Stacy , Fang Lea , Kyler Darby
Published: June 2021

Importance: Chronic conditions often cause functional impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs) and rest and sleep, leading to decreased independence and self-efficacy.

Objective: To aid occupational therapy practitioners in making informed decisions regarding self-management interventions to improve ADLs and rest and sleep for community-dwelling adults with chronic conditions.

Data Sources: We identified literature published from 1995 to 2019 through searches of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and OTseeker.

Study Selection and Data Collection: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to abstract and assess data quality and validity. The review followed American Occupational Therapy Association Evidence-Based Practice Project methodology. Studies addressing self-management interventions for community-dwelling adults ages 18 and older with chronic cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, chronic respiratory problems, or kidney disease were included.

Findings: Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria and were categorized into ADLs and sleep. Strong evidence supports education to improve diabetic foot self-care. Low evidence addresses exercise and education to improve ADLs for people with heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moderate evidence supports mind–body self-care education to enhance sleep.

Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy practitioners working with adults with diabetes are encouraged to routinely offer education that includes discussion of risk factors and daily foot inspections and hygiene. When addressing sleep, education that addresses sleep hygiene, nutrition, relaxation techniques, and physical activity should routinely be provided to adults with chronic conditions. Further research is needed to understand the dosage needed.

What This Article Adds: This systematic review supports the role of occupational therapy in providing self-management interventions to address ADLs and sleep for adults with diabetes and other chronic conditions.
Occupational Adaptation of People Living With Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Dépelteau Andréa , Lagueux Émilie , Pagé Raphaël , Hudon Catherine
Published: June 2021

Importance: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain disorder that interferes with daily activities. Because occupational adaptation varies among people, there is a need to determine which factors can influence adaptation to FM in order to better intervene with them.

Objective: To understand the occupational adaptation process of people living with FM.

Data Sources: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in the AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, OTseeker, OTDBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Articles dated before September 2020 were searched using a strategy with the keywords fibromyalgia and occupation.

Study Selection and Data Collection: This article follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Qualitative articles were included if they documented occupational aspects of participants with FM. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and performed the quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. A thematic synthesis was conducted.

Findings: Of the 560 articles identified, 347 remained after duplicates were removed. After screening titles and abstracts, 303 articles were rejected, and 44 articles were read in their entirety. Twelve qualitative articles were included in the review. The synthesis highlights that support from relatives is a key to successfully adapting to FM. Identity is crucial to a fulfilled life, and occupational competence is greatly affected by the experience of FM. Occupational adaptation is an issue for some people, but maintaining routines and integrating management strategies would help them to achieve it.

Conclusions and Relevance: This review highlights the importance of considering the components of occupational adaptation while caring for people with FM.

What This Article Adds: This systematic review identifies the factors influencing the occupational adaptation of people living with FM and emphasizes the importance of addressing those factors.
Impact of Occupational Therapy Education on Students’ Disability Attitudes: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Friedman Carli , VanPuymbrouck Laura
Published: June 2021

Importance: Discrimination based on disability—ableism—is pervasive and affects the opportunities of people with disabilities to fully engage in society.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of occupational therapy graduate education on students’ explicit and implicit disability attitudes throughout their graduate education.

Design: Longitudinal observational study, measuring occupational therapy students’ attitudes on an annual basis.

Setting: Three Midwestern graduate occupational therapy programs.

Participants: Occupational therapy students (N = 67).

Outcomes and Measures: Participants completed the Symbolic Ableism Scale (to measure their explicit disability attitudes) and the Disability Attitude Implicit Association Test (to measure their implicit disability attitudes) on an annual basis, from when they entered their occupational therapy program to when they graduated.

Results: The students’ explicit attitudes decreased (i.e., became more favorable) throughout their education; however, their implicit attitudes did not change. In fact, most students (68%) were implicitly ableist at graduation.

Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy education programs have an important role to play in terms of intervening with students’ beliefs and preconceived assumptions about disability. Our finding suggests that occupational therapy programs may fail to intervene with students’ ableist attitudes.

What This Article Adds: Little longitudinal research has examined how students’ implicit disability bias may be affected by their academic experience. Our findings about ableism among occupational therapy students should open the door for further dialogue on the existence of ableism in program content, its potential impact on future client interactions, and the development of approaches to address it.
The Impact of balance and visual feedback on tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius neuromuscular activation timing in healthy young adults
Authors: G. Rosario Martín , Jose Aleena
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Previous studies have compared neuromuscular patterns between healthy populations and populations with neuromuscular disorders where the functionality of the muscles might be affected. However, more research needs to be conducted to understand neuromuscular patterns within young healthy adults during various balance tasks. This study explores whether challenging the sensory systems in young adults during single and dual-cognitive balance tasks alters neuromuscular patterns at the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior.

Methods

Our study involved 44 healthy young adults (10 males and 34 females) with an average age of 24.9 ± 3.03 years. Electromyography electrodes were utilized to obtain electromyographic data regarding times during onset of muscle contraction, peak muscle activation, decay of muscle contraction, and duration of muscle contraction during distinct balance tests. The different balance tests involved altering sensory inputs during 4 single tasks and 4 dual-cognitive tasks.

Results

Principally, no significant changes in electromyographic activity were demonstrated during the single or dualcognitive tests, especially for neuromuscular recruitment patterns for the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The comparable neuromuscular activity of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius during various balance tasks in our study extrapolates that young healthy adults have functional sensory and motor systems. Further studies need to investigate electromyographic patterns during dual-motor tasks, the involvement of other synergistic muscles for postural control, and brain activity during complex postural tasks.
OS EFEITOS DA PRESENÇA DO TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI EM IDOSOS
Authors: Fonteles Victoria Elizabeth Nascimento , Lima José Tayllan Fonteles De
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O Trypanosoma Cruzi é o protozoário flagelado causador da Doença de Chagas. Esta pode ser transmitida de forma vetorial, que acontece através da picada do inseto barbeiro durante o sono, ou pela via oral, ao ingerir alimentos contaminados com o parasito. Após a picada, o indivíduo tende a coçar o local permitindo a entrada do T. Cruzi na corrente sanguínea e o seu desenvolvimento dentro do organismo. Em pacientes com idade avançada, essa presença mostrou-se como um fator preocupante. Objetivos: este trabalho consiste em apresentar os efeitos causados pela presença do T. Cruzi em pessoas acima de 60 anos, não portadores de comorbidades. Material e Métodos: este estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, com as pesquisas sendo realizadas nas bases de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico e Medline. No qual foram encontrados seis artigos em que somente três se relacionavam ao tema proposto. Resultados: em idosos infectados pelo T. Cruzi, e que não eram portadores de nenhuma doença crônica, apresentou-se algumas alterações em diferentes sistemas do corpo. Dentre esses, o sistema cardiovascular que foi o mais afetado visto que o coração apresentou uma dilatação nas paredes dificultando o bombeamento do sangue para as áreas periféricas do corpo, ou seja, causando insuficiência cardíaca. Essa insuficiência ao enviar o sangue para o corpo pode se agravar e causar morte súbita que, em maioria, são os mais relatados a cada óbito. Conclusão: diante disso, pode-se concluir que idosos, mesmo sem antes possuir comorbidades, apresentam grande comprometimento funcional do aparelho cardíaco, além de outros sistemas, principalmente na forma mais aguda da doença.
MONITORAMENTO DE ISOLADOS DE PSEUDOMONAS SPP. RESISTENTES ÀS POLIMIXINAS RECUPERADOS NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE LONDRINA
Authors: Fávaro Larissa Dos Santos , Paula-Petroli Suelen Balero De , Radoski Renato Eiki , Carrara-Marroni Floristher Elaine , Venâncio Emerson José
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Pseudomonas spp. é um importante patógeno responsável por infecções hospitalares de difícil tratamento. O aumento no número de isolados resistentes aos carbapenêmicos, antimicrobianos utilizados no tratamento de infecções causadas por isolados multirresistentes (MR) aos antimicrobianos, tem levado a retomada do uso das polimixinas como último recurso terapêutico. O monitoramento das taxas de resistência aos antimicrobianos norteia as terapias empíricas, possibilitando o aprimoramento do tratamento, aumentando a chance de sucesso terapêutico e diminuindo o tempo de permanência do paciente nos hospitais. Objetivo: Determinar o perfil dos isolados clínicos de Pseudomonas spp. resistentes as polimixinas recuperados no Hospital Universitário (HU) de Londrina no período de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2020. Métodos: Foram analisados dados referentes às culturas positivas para Pseudomonas spp. resistentes as polimixinas quanto ao sexo do paciente, tipo de amostra biológica, setor de internação e perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Apenas uma amostra por paciente foi incluída no estudo e foram utilizados os dados somente do primeiro isolamento. Resultados: Um total de 66 isolados foram incluídos no estudo. A maioria dos isolados (74,2%) foram recuperados de pacientes do sexo masculino internados nas Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo (43,9%), Enfermaria Masculina (16,7%) e Unidades de Tratamento de Queimados (9,1%). Urina (51,5%), secreções do trato respiratório (19,7%) e tecido (7,6%) foram às amostras clínicas com maior frequência de isolamento destes microrganismos. Do total de isolados, 34,8% foram classificados como MR e 59,1% como extensivamente resistente (ER) aos antimicrobianos. Taxas elevadas de resistência foram verificadas para os carbapenêmicos (84,8% - Imipenem/65,2% - Meropenem), fluoroquinolonas (81,8% - Ciprofloxacin), cefalosporinas (80,3% - Ceftazidima/72,7% - Cefepime), aminoglicosídeos (83,3% - Gentamicina/81,8% - Amicacina) e polimixinas (43,9% - Polimixina B/68,2% - Colistina). Discussão: As altas taxas de resistência observadas demonstram as limitações terapêuticas em infecções causadas por Pseudomonas spp. no HU, enfatizando a importância do monitoramento, adequação de medidas efetivas de controle de infecção, bem como a necessidade de programas stewardship para o uso racional dos antimicrobianos.
O QUE HÁ DE EVIDÊNCIAS SOBRE PNEUMONIA ADQUIRIDA NA COMUNIDADE (PAC) EM CRIANÇAS: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA EM MEIO À PANDEMIA DO COVID-19
Authors: Costa Anna Carolina Dockhorn de Menezes Carvalho , Rezende Lucas Dalvi Armond , Bianconi Maria Gabriella , Santos Maxsuelen Rosa Da Silva , Brtoldi Gabriel Confalonieri Brtoldi
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) lidera as causas de mortes entre crianças menores de 5 anos no mundo todo, associada, ainda, a um mal diagnóstico pelos médicos. Isso tudo ainda num cenário de vacinação contra o Streptococcus pneumoniae e para Haemophilus influenzae tipo B (Hib). Ela pode ser causada tanto por vírus, quanto por bactérias, estas sendo secundárias à infecção viral em sua maioria. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura na base de dados PubMed com os descritores conferidos no Medical Subjetics Headings (MeSH), sendo eles: “Community-Acquired Pneumonia” AND “Child” AND “Therapeutics”. Utilizou-se os filtros: texto completo disponível, intervalo temporal dos últimos 10 anos e artigos que correspondem a questão norteadora: “Quais as evidências científicas sobre o tratamento de PAC em crianças?”. Resultados: Os principais agentes da PAC achados foram o pneumococo e o Hib, contudo, mesmo com o advento das vacinas e esses patógenos controlados, ainda há grande mortalidade de crianças menores de cinco anos no mundo por PAC. O diagnóstico é majoritariamente clínico, podendo utilizar radiografias de tórax, sendo estas o padrão ouro, apresentando infiltrado pulmonar, tanto alveolar quanto intersticial, e a reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). O tratamento pode ser em meio hospitalar e ambulatorial. Quanto aos critérios de internação variam entre países desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos, sendo o tratamento de primeira linha para pneumonia bacteriana, amoxicilina via oral em pacientes ambulatoriais, e, para pacientes internados, ampicilina ou penicilina G ou amoxicilina, todos via intravenosa e para pacientes menores de 5 anos. O tratamento baseia-se no consenso mundial de que o patógeno Streptococcus pneumoniae é o agente mais comum em pacientes pediátricos Conclusão: Ainda há muita subestimação do quadro de PAC em crianças, com diagnósticos equivocados de síndromes gripais. No atual cenário global de pandemia do COVID-19, torna-se mais difícil de conseguir um diagnóstico eficaz devido às superlotações hospitalares e diminuição de recursos humanos. É imprescindível a setorização e manejo para que esses casos não se deteriorem e para que haja diminuição na mortalidade de crianças e neonatos.
IMPORTÂNCIA DA ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA NO CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE DE FITOTERÁPICOS
Authors: Mendonça João de Souza , Souza Anna Beatriz Conceição De , Torres Kamile Dos Santos
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Os fitoterápicos são tipos de medicamentos em que a sua matéria-prima são obtidas de plantas. Existem diversos fatores que podem ocasionar as contaminações dessas drogas, como no momento da manipulação e armazenamento, o que consequentemente faz a qualidade do produto diminuir, podendo trazer reações adversas quando entradas em contato com o organismo humano. Para se manter a qualidade da medicação, ou seja, sem apresentar qualquer maleficio a saúde do indivíduo ao ser consumido, é necessário práticas de fabricação, como a análise microbiológica, que visem depreciar as alterações nas drogas vegetativas na hora de fabricação. Objetivo: Descrever a importância associada ao controle de qualidade microbiológico de medicamentos fitoterápicos. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de revisão bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa narrativa. Foram consultados quatro artigos, referentes ao tema, nos bancos de dados do Google acadêmico. Quanto aos critérios de seleção, foram elencados trabalhos com publicações entre 2010 a 2021, em idioma português e inglês, que abordassem a questão do controle de qualidade microbiológica dos fitoterápicos. Resultado: Após uma busca extensa, constou-se que o controle microbiológico de medicamentos é de fundamental importância, pois está ligado a Saúde Pública, a qualidade e a estabilidade do produto. O controle de qualidade, como a análise microbiológica, está inserido nas Boas Práticas de Fabricações (BPFs). Notou-se ainda que elas são importantes no processo de fabricação de medicamentos, como os fitoterápicos, pois têm a finalidade de diminuir os riscos inerentes às etapas de fabricação, uma vez que eles não podem ser identificados após o produto acabado. Ainda, a prática do controle de qualidade na produção de fitoterápicos contribui para garantir a sua qualidade microbiológica e é relevante para assegurar que o medicamento esteja dentro dos padrões de qualidade. Conclusão: Com a finalidade de evitar a proliferação microbiana e minimizar os riscos ao paciente, os fitoterápicos, quando produzidos, devem ter o mesmo rigor no controle de qualidade de um medicamento sintético, obedecendo sempre as normas éticas de fabricação durante os processos de extração, processamento, conservação e armazenamento.