bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of essential spectrum and discrete spectra of the energy operator of five-electron systems in the Hubbard model. Fourth quartet state
Authors:   Institute of Nuclear Physics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Tashpulatov S. M.
Published: May 2024

We consider the energy operator of five-electron systems in the Hubbard model and investigate the structure of essential spectra and discrete spectrum of the system in the fourth quartet state of the system. We show that the essential spectrum of the system in fourth quartet states is the union of at most seven segments, and discrete spectrum of the system is at most one point.
Algoritmo para el tratamiento quirúrgico del dolor facial
Authors: Konstantin V Slavin , Nersesyan Hrachya , E Colpan Mustafa , Munawar Naureen
Published: May 2024

Introducción: El dolor facial debe ser divido en distintas categorías, cada una de las cuales requiere un tratamiento específico. Sin embargo, en algunos casos esta categorización es difícil y el tratamiento inefectivo. Hemos revisado nuestra extensa experiencia clínica y diseñado un algoritmo para el tratamiento de los dolores faciales que son intratables médicamente pero lo pueden ser mediante la intervención quirúrgica.
Pacientes y métodos: Nuestro algoritmo de tratamiento fue diseñado tomando en cuenta los procesos patológicos subyacentes, la distribución anatómica del dolor, las características del mismo, la edad y condición médica del paciente, los problemas médicos asociados, la historia de intervenciones quirúrgicas previas y, en algunos casos, el resultado de la evaluación psicológica. Las modalidades de tratamiento involucradas en este algoritmo incluyen bloqueos diagnósticos, procedimientos de denervación periférica, craneotomía para la descompresión microvascular de nervios craneales, rizotomías percutáneas usando ablación por radiofrecuencia, inyección de glicerol, compresión con balón, procedimientos de estimulación de nervios periféricos, radiocirugía esterotáctica, tractotomía trigeminal percutánea y estimulación de la corteza motora. Recomendamos que en algunos pacientes no se practique ningún tipo de cirugía y, más bien, sean referidos para otro tipo de tratamiento médico o psicológico.
Resultados: Nuestro enfoque algorítmico fue usado en más de 100 pacientes consecutivos con dolor facial intratable médicamente. En cada caso se efectuó una minuciosa y completa evaluación clínica, luego se determinó el diagnóstico y posteriormente se efectuó la selección sistemática y cuidadosa de la intervención apropiada. El algoritmo ha demostrado ser fácil de seguir. Las recomendaciones incluyen la identificación de la cirugía óptima para cada paciente junto con otras opciones que se mantienen en reserva para ser utilizadas en caso de presentarse fracasos o recurrencias. Nuestra tasa total de éxito en eliminar el dolor facial actualmente alcanza el 96%, cifra que es mucho más alta que las observadas en la mayoría de series reportadas hasta la fecha.
Conclusiones: Este algoritmo de tratamiento para el dolor facial intratable médicamente parece ser efectivo para pacientes con una amplia variedad de condiciones dolorosas y puede ser recomendado para su uso en otras instituciones.
Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurocirugía Funcional y Estereotaxia (SLANFE). XVIII Congreso Argentino de Dolor
Authors: Vivé Jorge E.
Published: May 2024

Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurocirugía Funcional y Estereotaxia (SLANFE). XVIII Congreso Argentino de Dolor.
Edge of the Network: Charting the Evolution of Edge Computing
Authors: Bhuvaneswari M. , Hifsa Naaz Syeda
Published: May 2024

The following paper offers an in-depth examination of the burgeoning field of (EC)edge computing, which revolutionizes conventional cloud-centric paradigms by moving computation closer to the data source. This survey navigates through the fundamental concepts, architectures, applications, challenges, and future directions of edge computing. By elucidating various architectural models, including fog computing and mobile edge computing, it explores the diverse array of industries benefiting from edge computing, such as IoT, healthcare, and smart cities. Additionally, the survey identifies key challenges, including security, privacy, and resource management, while presenting promising avenues for innovation. Ultimately, this survey serves as a roadmap for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts alike, guiding them through the dynamic landscape of edge computing.
Relationship Between Causes of Amputation with Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Khan Abdul Baqi , Zia Qasim , Osama Mohammad , Khan Shahrukh , Kant Sara Bashir , Mahmood Rabia , Muhammad Athar
Published: May 2024

Objective: To find out relationship between causes of amputation with anxiety and depression.
Methodology: Three Main Rehabilitation Centers from Quetta, were involved in 3 month’s cross-sectional research. 54 subjects were included in this research. Inclusion Criteria was “newly amputees to 10years’ time since an amputation, amputees with no psychiatric  illness previously, “Upper & lower limb uni-lateral amputees. Exclusion Criteria was amputation because of congenital malformation, amputees from an Afghanistan, amputees with bi-lateral Amputation. Adopted structured questionnaire “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” (HADS) was used. Chi-square test was applied.
Results: 47 were men while women were 7. 66.7% amputations were as a consequence of Traumatic injuries whereas 33.3% were as a result of non-traumatic causes. Regarding traumatic causes, major was RTA’s with 46.3% (25), while among non-traumatic, diabetes was the most common cause (24.1%). Tumor along with fall was less common cause for amputation (4%) contribution each.
Conclusion: RTA and diabetes were the main reasons of amputation. Causes of amputation have an impact on life of these patients. Outcomes of this study can also be utilized for prevention and treatment due to various causes according to their prevalence .
Effect of Kalavasti and Nasya with Karpasathyadi Taila in the Management of Pakshaghata W. S. R to Hemiplegia – A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Gupta Anil
Published: May 2024

Recentrapid socioeconomic changes have led to a concomitant change in people’s lifestyle, leading to  work-related stress and altered food habits, raising the risk of hypertension. Those factors, coupled with an increase  in the average life expectancy, are expected to have an impact on the occurrence of stroke disorderin India. In India,  these data are more horrible as 64,000 death
Nurturing Infants Exploring Ayurveda's Holistic Approach to Care
Authors: Kumar Archit , Sharma Brahm Dutt , Ojha Nisha K
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction – Ayurveda encompasses a wide range of practices within pediatric care especially plays a pivotal role in nurturing infants by offering safe and effective approaches not only for disease treatment but also for maintaining overall health in this span of age. Acharyas offered their insights on all aspects of newborn and infant care, spanning from birth until the newborn's complete stability. Methods - This study was completed by gathering the knowledge from classical Ayurvedic literature, research articles, guidelines, and PubMed and MedLine databases. Results and Discussion- This study investigates traditional Ayurvedic methods for infant care placing particular attention on evaluating the safety and effectiveness of these practices within the framework of neonatal and infant healthcare upto the age of one year. Conclusion –Kaumarbhritya is seen as the first direct assistance provided by the science of Ayurveda to a newborn upon his debut in this new world, directing him towards a healthy lifestyle in the future and bringing out the finest version of himself. This paper offers an overview of the literary contributions and historical traditional medical practices of healthcare in the domain of Balachikitsa mainly of neonatal and infancy period.The goal is to underscore the significance of research grounded in evidence and its integration into hidden principles concerning neonatal and infant issues described in Ayurveda.
Design and Analysis of Fugitive Dust Emission Collector
Authors: K. Prabhakaran  , M. Manoj  , G. Pugalvendhan  , R. Praveen  , M. Dhinakaran
Published: May 2024

This creative project explores the design and analysis of a novel fugitive dust emission collector, with a focus on its application in stone crusher units and crematorium facilities. Recognizing the detrimental health and environmental impacts of dust emissions, this project proposes a multifaceted approach. The core solution involves a combined system, this captures and removes larger dust particles through established methods like cyclones or bag houses. Dry fog dust suppression system, this technology utilizes atomized water droplets to suppress smaller fugitive dust particles, preventing their airborne spread. This project delves into the specific needs of stone crusher units and crematorium facilities. Utilizing CAD software, 3D models of the emission collector will be created, incorporating considerations like material selection, efficiency and airflow optimization, integration with existing infrastructure. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis by Simulating airflow patterns and dust capture efficiency within the collector. Assessing the collector's ability to withstand operational loads and environmental factors. This project aims to achieve, reduced fugitive dust emissions, enhanced environmental compliance, improved operational efficiency. Overall, this creative project showcases an innovative approach to fugitive dust control, potentially leading to improved environmental and public health outcomes in diverse industrial settings
Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Coaxiality Error Analysis with CNC Turning Process on Delrin for Assembly Fit
Authors: Dr. T. Rajesh Kannah  , Adhithyan S  , Ajay A  , Manikandan P  , Sugan B
Published: May 2024

This paper mainly deals with the machining operation like turning operation, Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness are the important parameter which is to be considered for quality product. The material selected for the experiment is DELRIN 500. Turning is one of the important processes that is widely used to create cylindrical components and it is also used for surface finish the product to make it smooth. Nowadays, plastic materials are widely used for making variety of components. To make a component with high dimensional accuracy, turning operation is used. The main concerns of turning are tooling cost and the effect of process on machinability characteristics. It can be seen that the output responses value has a minimum roughness average and a high degree of geometrical quality precision. High degree surface finish is induced by medium speed, feed rate, and small nose radius. The coaxial error was minimized by using medium speed, feed and larger nose radius. Experimentally found that third specimen (RPM -750) (FEED -0.08 mm/Rev) and (NOSE RADIUS 0.8) obtained minimum geometrical error along with minimum Surface roughness. Delrin is a crystalline plastic that offers an excellent balance of properties that bridge the gap between metals and plastics. Delrin possesses high tensile strength, creep resistance and toughness. It also exhibits low moisture absorption
AI EOS using Wolframe Alpha
Authors: Aditya Nikhate  , Pranit Channe  , Krutik Vihirghare  , Ishank Mhashakhetri  , Prof. Manisha More
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence is crucial to day-to-day life. science of computers defines AI research as the study of intelligent agents. Today, most people, intentionally or not, have turned to some form of computerized information processing technology. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already changing our lifestyle. A device that senses its surroundings and performs actions that maximize the likelihood of achieving a goal. The input to a database can be a choose to of users and articles, and the output is a ruthless recommendation. Input can be verbally or textually submitted by the user within the system. This paper presents a new approach to intelligent search. Overall, there are many people around the world who use assistants. This paper describes the provocation of applying virtual assistant technology. The paper also introduces the application of virtual assistants that can help open opportunities for humanity in various fields. Voice control is an important growing feature that will change people's lives. Voice assistants are available for laptops, desktops, and mobile phones. Assistant is now available on all electronic devices. A voice assistant is a software agent that can interpret human speech and respond in machine language
Social Services for Battered Immigrant Women in Korea: What do we have and what do we need?
Authors:   Korean Academy of Multicultural Welfare, Cho Seeun , Kim Hyemee
Published: May 2024

While public awareness on domestic violence has increased over the past few decades in Korea, little is known about domestic violence issues pertaining to immigrant women. This study is an attempt to provide an overview of domestic violence issues, legal and policy structures, and current social service system in place for battered immigrant women in Korea. The findings show that various sound legal and policy framework has been established over the past years, resulting in provisions added to the existing laws on domestic violence, policies developed specifying support for battered immigrant women and implementation of social service agencies to assist and protect the battered immigrant women and their families. Using the AAAQ framework by UN, we examined the current service delivery system. The result shows that service availability, accessibility, and acceptability are found to be quite compromised by gaps between the policy and practice. A large number of service providers are located in metropolitan areas, reducing the accessibility of battered women in other regions. A limited budget is also a barrier to provide comprehensive services to all in need. Lastly, a lack of translator and interpreter services limits accessibility and acceptability as both the service providers and the victims are unable to communicate with language barriers. Based on the findings, we suggested implications for policy and practice.
Bullet lung injury in adolescent: a case report
Authors: Ulusoy Tangül Sevgi , Şenaylı Atilla
Published: May 2024

Gunshot injuries to adolescents involve a proportionate minority of the overall injury population. Especially thorax bullet injuries are even less common. This report aimed to express our experience by sharing the clinical process of our patient with this injury. A fourteen-year-old female patient was injured by a gunshot from a distance of approximately 10 meters while she was in the garden. It was understood that the bullet entry hole was from the scapular supraspinatus region towards the clavicle and the apex of the left lung. It was determined that the exit hole was in the hemithorax region below the left clavicle. The patient was admitted for follow-up and treatment. Since the patient's general condition was stable, after clinical follow-up, a thoracotomy was performed under elective conditions, intraparenchymal bone fragments were cleaned, and the left apical lobe was excised. Clinical follow-up is problem-free, and post-discharge follow-up is also problem-free.
REALISASI MAQASHID SYARIAH INDEX (MSI) DALAM MENGUJI PERFORMA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sholichah Inti Ulfi
Published: May 2024

Fokus dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan melihat sejauh mana tingkat kesyariahan dalam capaian kemaslahatan nilai maqashid syariah terhadap performa perbankan syariah di Indonesia dengan upaya melakukan analisa pada nilai-nilai maqashid syariah tersebut supaya bisa terealisasikan pada dunia kerja khususnya pada bidang perbankan syariah. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian library research dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan menggunakan paradigma kritis yang berdasar pada perspektif Islam mengacu pada maqashid syariah index (MSI). Penulis mengumpulkan dan mencari  data yang bersumber dari buku, artikel, jural yang berkaitan dengan pembahasan maqashid syariah index kemudian penulis mengolah data dengan menselaraskan anatara data dan fakta di bank syariah. Adapun hasil dalam penelitian ini sering menggunakan istilah maqashid syariah index (MSI) karena sebuah kesatuan dalam pembahasan ekonomi syariah dan membuktikan bahwa sebuah kinerja perbankan syariah yang bagus tidak hanya dilihat dari kinerja perbankan syariah dengan perolehan profitabilitasnya dan managemen keuangannya saja yang bagus namun juga dilihat dari segi maqashid syariah Index (MSI) sebagai tolak ukur kinerja yang objektif pada sebuah perbankan syariah. Sehingga pencapaian tertinggi adalah pada kemashlahatan yang terdapat pada produk pembiayaan perbankan syariah yang diperuntukkan untuk umat. Realisasi penerapan maqashid syari’ah index pada perbankan syariah sesuai dengan indikator-indikator yag terdapat dalam teori maqashid al-syari’ah yaitu agama (al-din), jiwa (al-nafs), akal (al-‘aql), harta (al-mal),dan keturunan (al-nasl).
Kaj, kako, zakaj? Oris odnosa države do kmetijstva in kmetov v zgodnjem jugoslovanskem socializmu, 1945–1953 (poudarek na Sloveniji)
Authors: Čepič Zdenko
Published: May 2024

In this review article, the author presents the crucial factors regarding the legal provisions that shaped agricultural policy in early socialism in Yugoslavia (1945–1953). In doing so, he focuses on the developments in agriculture in Slovenia. The article presents the agrarian question (the issue of land and its ownership) and the agricultural question (the attitude of the authorities towards peasants as a social and professional group). It outlines the agrarian reform in Slovenia (1945–1948), its impact (consequences), and the intervention of the authorities in agriculture to provide for the population. These interventions included the collectivisation of agriculture based on the model of the Soviet Union’s kolkhozes. The authorities’ attitude towards agriculture included pragmatic reasons (supplying the population) as well as political and ideological motives.
KERJASAMA ANTAR UMMAT BERAGAMA DALAM BIDANG PENDIDIKAN UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN GENERASI RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN
Authors: RAHMAWATI DEWI , YUSUF MUHAMMAD , MUBAROK MUSLIM
Published: May 2024

This research aims to review the importance of interfaith collaboration in improving the quality of education, explore cooperation models that have been successful, and highlight challenges that need to be overcome. Education is the foundation for human and societal development. Through a literature review, this article identifies several successful cooperation models, such as interfaith student exchange programs, joint school construction, and inclusive curriculum development. The success of these models highlights the great potential of cooperation between religious communities in creating inclusive and diverse educational environments. However, despite the positive potential, there are also challenges that need to be overcome in strengthening cooperation between religious communities in the field of education. These challenges include differences in ideology and beliefs, lack of resources, and resistance to change. Therefore, a strong commitment is needed from the government, educational institutions and civil society to overcome these obstacles. Taking into account the importance of education in building an inclusive and peaceful society, cooperation between religious communities is the key to overcoming complex challenges in education. This article hopes to provide insight for policy makers, educational practitioners, and the general public about the importance of interfaith collaboration in achieving inclusive and sustainable educational goals.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pentingnya kerjasama lintas agama dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, mengeksplorasi model kerjasama yang telah berhasil, dan menyoroti tantangan yang perlu diatasi. Pendidikan merupakan fondasi bagi perkembangan manusia dan masyarakat. Melalui tinjauan literatur, artikel ini mengidentifikasi beberapa model kerjasama yang berhasil, seperti program pertukaran pelajar lintas agama, pembangunan sekolah bersama, dan pengembangan kurikulum inklusif. Keberhasilan model-model ini menyoroti potensi besar dari kerjasama antar ummat beragama dalam menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang inklusif dan beragam. Namun, meskipun adanya potensi positif, terdapat pula tantangan yang perlu diatasi dalam memperkuat kerjasama antar ummat beragama dalam bidang pendidikan. Tantangan tersebut meliputi perbedaan ideologi dan keyakinan, kurangnya sumber daya, dan resistensi terhadap perubahan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan komitmen yang kuat dari pemerintah, lembaga pendidikan, dan masyarakat sipil untuk mengatasi hambatan-hambatan tersebut. Dengan mempertimbangkan pentingnya pendidikan dalam membangun masyarakat yang inklusif dan damai, kerjasama antar ummat beragama menjadi kunci untuk mengatasi tantangan-tantangan kompleks dalam pendidikan. Artikel ini berharap dapat memberikan wawasan bagi pembuat kebijakan, praktisi pendidikan, dan masyarakat umum tentang pentingnya kolaborasi lintas agama dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.
TECNOLOGIA E METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS: UMA ALIANÇA QUE PODE CONTRIBUIR NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO DO FUTURO
Authors: Lima Edilene Maria de , Santos Maria Pricila Miranda dos
Published: May 2024

A tecnologia está presente dentro das mais diversas áreas como saúde, economia, transporte, segurança, entre outras e com a educação não poderia ser diferente. As inovações e possibilidades trazidas pelo avanço tecnológico vem contribuir com a nova forma de educar. As metodologias ativas surgem para fazer com que os alunos tomem consciência de sua responsabilidade na construção de seu próprio saber, aplicando ferramentas interativas, que estimulam a cooperação e a empatia entre os estudantes, que têm no professor um orientador no seu processo de aprendizagem. A pesquisa quanto à abordagem é qualitativa, quanto à natureza se apresenta como descritiva, e no que tange aos procedimentos de coleta utilizou a bibliográfica e o questionário A pesquisa foi delineada por meio de conceitos e estudos sobre tecnologia e metodologias ativas, bem como o uso das duas ferramentas no desenvolvimento da educação. Os resultados mostram que a aliança entre tecnologia e as metodologias ativas é um processo que pode contribuir na elaboração da educação do futuro, voltada para o aluno consciente do seu papel dentro da sociedade a qual faz parte.
“SE ELA DANÇA, EU DANÇO”. A TEMATIZAÇÃO DA DANÇA PARA O ENRIQUECIMENTO CURRICULAR NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Cauhy Letícia Cristina de Andrade , Gonçalves Leonardo Conceição
Published: May 2024

Esse artigo buscou investigar a tematização da Dança como elemento da Cultura Corporal integrante do componente de Educação Física para a Educação Infantil, focando no enriquecimento dos currículos conforme diretrizes da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e dos Referenciais Curriculares Nacionais. Utilizando uma metodologia baseada na análise documental e revisão de literatura, foram examinadas produções acadêmicas em páginas da internet para compreender a integração da Dança no contexto educacional. Os resultados apontam uma marginalização do conteúdo Dança nos currículos escolares, frequentemente relegada a atividades extracurriculares ou decorativas em eventos festivos. Isso reflete uma desconexão entre as políticas educacionais e suas implementações práticas, sugerindo uma escassa valorização da Dança como dispositivo pedagógico imprescindível no desenvolvimento integral da criança. Conclui-se que a Dança deveria ser tratada como conhecimento essencial do componente curricular de Educação Física, requerendo mudanças significativas na formação inicial de professores, na reavaliação das políticas educacionais e na melhoria da infraestrutura escolar para alinhar as práticas pedagógicas com as diretrizes curriculares nacionais, garantindo seu papel no desenvolvimento das crianças na Educação Infantil.
ATUAÇÃO DO MÉDICO VETERINÁRIO NA VACINAÇÃO DE CÃES E GATOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Santos Renata Pereira , Silva Aisla Nascimento da , Pinto Emanuel Vieira
Published: May 2024

É crescente a proximidade humana com animais de estimação e, consequentemente, eleva a procura por novos animais de estimação a cada ano. Considerando que essa aproximação impacta direto e sobre indiretamente a vida de ambos, exige-se constante atenção e cuidados. Diante disso, essa pesquisa insere-se sobre a atuação do médico veterinário na vacinação de cães e gatos no Brasil, tendo como questionamentos principais: qual o papel do médico veterinário no ciclo de vacinação desses animais e o quanto a população conhece acerca da importância das principais vacinas de cães e gatos? Partindo disto, o objetivo geral no presente trabalho é discutir a importância da vacinação para animais de companhia (cães e gatos) no Brasil enquanto os objetivos específicos são: alertar acerca da necessidade da vacinação e seus impactos na vida do animal apresentar as principais vacinas recomendadas para cães e gatos, esclarecer acerca da importância da avaliação do Médico Veterinário para uma correta vacinação dos animais. A abordagem da metodologia será de caráter bibliográfica, composta por artigos, teses, dissertações e documentais sobre o assunto. Como resultados espera-se, sensibilizar os médicos veterinários e os tutores sobre a importância da vacinação nos seus animais de estimação.
Retrievals of aerosol optical depth over the western North Atlantic Ocean during ACTIVATE
Authors: Siu Leong Wai , Schlosser Joseph S. , Painemal David , Cairns Brian , Fenn Marta A. , Ferrare Richard A. , Hair Johnathan W. , Hostetler Chris A. , Li Longlei , Kleb Mary M. , Scarino Amy Jo , Shingler Taylor J. , Sorooshian Armin , Stamnes Snorre A. , Zeng Xubin
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Aerosol optical depth was retrieved from two airborne remote sensing instruments, the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) and Second Generation High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2), during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE). The field campaign offers a unique opportunity to evaluate an extensive 3-year dataset under a wide range of meteorological conditions from two instruments on the same platform. However, a long-standing issue in atmospheric field studies is that there is a lack of reference datasets for properly validating field measurements and estimating their uncertainties. Here we address this issue by using the triple collocation method, in which a third collocated satellite dataset from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is introduced for comparison. HSRL-2 is found to provide a more accurate retrieval than RSP over the study region. The error standard deviation of HSRL-2 with respect to the ground truth is 0.027. Moreover, this approach enables us to develop a simple, yet efficient, quality control criterion for RSP data. The physical reasons for the differences in two retrievals are determined to be cloud contamination, aerosols near the surface, multiple aerosol layers, absorbing aerosols, non-spherical aerosols, and simplified retrieval assumptions. These results demonstrate the pathway for optimal aerosol retrievals by combining information from both lidars and polarimeters for future airborne and satellite missions.
Characterization of the airborne aerosol inlet and transport system used during the A-LIFE aircraft field experiment
Authors: Schöberl Manuel , Dollner Maximilian , Gasteiger Josef , Seibert Petra , Tipka Anne , Weinzierl Bernadett
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles have a profound impact on Earth's climate by scattering and absorbing solar and terrestrial radiation and by impacting the properties of clouds. Research aircraft such as the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) Falcon are widely used to study aerosol particles in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. However, transporting a representative sample to the instrumentation inside the aircraft remains a challenge due to high airspeeds and changing ambient conditions. In particular, for high-quality coarse-mode aerosol measurements, knowledge about losses or enhancements in the aerosol sampling system is crucial. In this study, the sampling efficiency of the aerosol inlet aboard the Falcon research aircraft is characterized for the first time with state-of-the art in situ measurements including sizing instruments operated behind the Falcon aerosol inlet and mounted at the aircraft wing not affected by the aerosol inlet. Sampling efficiencies were derived for different true airspeed ranges by comparing the in-cabin and ”full”-size-range particle number size distributions during 174 flight sequences with a major contribution of mineral dust particles during the ”Absorbing aerosol layers in a changing climate: aging, lifetime and dynamics” project (A-LIFE). Additionally, experimentally derived Stokes numbers were used to calculate the cutoff diameter of the aerosol sampling system for different particle densities as a function of true airspeed. As expected, the results show that the velocity of the research aircraft has a major impact on the sampling of coarse-mode aerosol particles with in-cabin instruments. For true airspeeds up to about 190 m s−1, aerosol particles larger than about 1 µm are depleted in the sampling system of the Falcon during the A-LIFE project. In contrast, for true airspeeds higher than 190 m s−1, an enhancement of particles up to a diameter of 4 µm is observed. For even larger particles, the enhancement effect at the inlet is still present, but inertial and gravitational particle losses in the transport system get more and more pronounced, which leads to a decreasing overall sampling efficiency. In summary, aerosol particles are either depleted or enhanced in the Falcon aerosol inlet, whereas transport in sampling lines always leads to a loss of particles. Here, we have considered both effects and determined the cutoff diameter for the A-LIFE transport system (i.e., the sampling lines only), the cutoff diameter of the Falcon aerosol inlet (i.e., the effect of the inlet only), and the combined effect of the inlet and sampling lines.
Report on Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2B observations of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline methane leak
Authors: Dogniaux Matthieu , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Varon Daniel J. , Aben Ilse
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In late September 2022, explosions of the Nord Stream pipelines caused what could be the largest anthropogenic methane leak ever recorded. We report on Landsat 8 (L8) and Sentinel-2B (S-2B) observations of the sea-foam patch produced by the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) leak located close to Bornholm island, acquired on 29 and 30 September, respectively. Usually, reflected sunlight over sea is insufficient for these Earth imagers to observe any methane signal in nadir-viewing geometry. However, the NS2 foam patch observed here is bright enough to possibly allow the detection of methane above it. We apply the multi-band single-pass (MBSP) method to infer methane enhancement above the NS2 foam patch and then use the integrated mass enhancement (IME) method in a Monte Carlo ensemble approach to estimate methane leak rates and their uncertainties. This very specific NS2 observation case challenges some of MBSP and IME implicit assumptions and thus calls for customized calibrations: (1) for MBSP, we perform an empirical calibration of sea-foam albedo spectral dependence by using sea-foam observations in ship trails, and (2) for IME, we yield a tailored effective wind speed calibration that accounts for a partial plume observation, as methane enhancement may only be seen above the NS2 sea-foam patch. Our comprehensive uncertainty analysis yields large methane leak rate uncertainty ranges that include zero for single overpasses and, assuming they are independent, a best estimate of 502 ± 464 t h−1 for the combined averaged L8 and S-2B emission rate. Within all our Monte Carlo ensembles, positive methane leak rates have higher probabilities (80 %–88 %) than negative ones (12 %–20 %), thus indicating that L8 and S-2B likely captured a methane-related signal. Overall, we see our work both as a nuanced analysis of L8 and S-2B contributions to quantifying the NS2 leak emissions and as a methodological cautionary tale that builds insight into MBSP and IME sensitivities.
The Doppler wind, temperature, and aerosol RMR lidar system at Kühlungsborn, Germany – Part 1: Technical specifications and capabilities
Authors: Gerding Michael , Wing Robin , Franco-Diaz Eframir , Baumgarten Gerd , Fiedler Jens , Köpnick Torsten , Ostermann Reik
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This paper describes the technical specifications of the extensions made to the middle-atmospheric lidar facility at the Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Kühlungsborn, Germany (54.12° N, 11.77° E). The upgrade complements the existing daylight-capable Rayleigh–Mie–Raman (RMR) temperature lidar with a nighttime-only RMR wind–temperature lidar. The new system comprises an independent lidar with laser, telescopes, and detectors, which is synchronized with and adapted to the (old) temperature lidar. As a result, with the combination of RMR lidars the atmosphere is probed with three (vertical and tilted) beams. This work intends to highlight the recent innovations in the construction of a Doppler–Rayleigh lidar system using the single-edge iodine-cell technique, which allows for the simultaneous measurement of wind, temperature, and aerosols. We will detail supporting subsystems that allow for a high degree of lidar automation and concisely provide key technical information about the system that will support readers in the development of additional RMR wind–temperature lidar systems. We show an example of time-resolved temperature and wind soundings reaching up to ∼ 90 km. These data agree well with ECMWF-IFS profiles between 35 and ∼ 50 km but show a much larger variability above. In the companion article, we will present the algorithm design and uncertainty budgets associated with the data processing chain.
Drought and radiation explain fluctuations in Amazon rainforest greenness during the 2015–2016 drought
Authors: Liu Yi Y. , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Meir Patrick , McVicar Tim R.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The 2015–2016 Amazon drought was characterized by below-average regional precipitation for an entire year, which distinguishes it from the dry-season-only droughts in 2005 and 2010. Studies of vegetation indices (VIs) derived from optical remote sensing over the Amazonian forests indicated three stages in canopy response during the 2015–2016 drought, with below-average greenness during the onset and end of the drought, and above-average greenness during the intervening months. To date, a satisfactory explanation for this broad temporal pattern has not been found. A better understanding of rainforest behaviors during this unusually long drought should help predict their response to future droughts. We hypothesized that negative VI anomalies could be caused by water and heat stress exceeding the tolerance ranges of the rainforest. To test our hypothesis, based on monthly observations of terrestrial water storage (TWS), land surface temperature (LST), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) for January 2003 to December 2016, we proposed an approach to categorize regions into two groups: (1) those exceeding normal hydrological and thermal ranges and (2) those within normal ranges. Accordingly, regions exceeding normal ranges during different stages of the 2015–2016 event were delineated. The results showed a gradual southward shift in these regions: from the northeastern Amazon during August to October 2015 to the north–central part during November 2015 to February 2016 and finally to the southern Amazon in July 2016. Over these regions exceeding normal ranges during droughts, negative VI anomalies were expected, irrespective of radiation anomalies. Over the regions within normal ranges, VI anomalies were assumed to respond positively to radiation anomalies, as is expected under normal conditions. We found that our proposed approach can explain more than 70 % of the observed spatiotemporal patterns in VI anomalies during the 2015–2016 drought. These results suggest that our “exceeding normal ranges”-based approach combining (i) water storage, (ii) temperature, and (iii) atmospheric moisture demand drivers can reasonably identify the most likely drought-affected regions at monthly to seasonal timescales. Using observation-based hydrological and thermal condition thresholds can help with interpreting the response of the Amazon rainforest to future drought events.
Development of a Peltier-based chilled-mirror hygrometer for tropospheric and lower stratospheric water vapor measurements
Authors: Sugidachi Takuji , Fujiwara Masatomo , Shimizu Kensaku , Ogino Shin-Ya , Suzuki Junko , Dirksen Ruud J.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. We have developed a Peltier-based non-cryogenic chilled-mirror hygrometer named “SKYDEW” to measure water vapor from the surface to the stratosphere. Several chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics and performance of the instrument under various conditions. The stability of the feedback controller that maintains the condensate on the mirror depends on the controller setting, the condensate condition, and the frost point in ambient air. The results of condensate observation by a microscope and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) tuning in a chamber were used to determine the PID parameters of the controller such that slight oscillations of the scattered light signal from the mirror and mirror temperature are retained. This allows for the detection of steep gradients in the humidity profile, which are otherwise not detected because of the slower response. The oscillation of the raw mirror temperature is smoothed with a golden point method that select the equilibrium point of the frost layer. We further describe the details of the data processing and the uncertainty estimation for SKYDEW measurements in terms of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) requirements. The calibration uncertainty of the mirror temperature measurement is <0.1 K for the entire temperature range from –95 to 40 °C. The total measurement uncertainty of SKYDEW measurements can exceed 0.5 K in the region where large oscillations of the mirror temperature remain. Intercomparisons with relative humidity (RH) sensors on radiosondes, the cryogenic frost point hygrometer (CFH), and satellite Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) were performed at various latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere to evaluate the performance of SKYDEW. These results show that SKYDEW can reliably measure atmospheric water vapor up to 25 km altitude. Data from several SKYDEW and CFH measurements predominantly agree within their respective uncertainties, although a systematic difference of ~0.5 K between SKYDEW and CFH was found in the stratosphere, the reason for which is unknown. SKYDEW shows good agreement with Aura MLS for profiles that are not affected by contamination.
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Authors: O'Hara Daniel , Goren Liran , van Wees Roos M. J. , Campforts Benjamin , Grosse Pablo , Lahitte Pierre , Kereszturi Gabor , Kervyn Matthieu
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The erosional state of a landscape is often assessed through a series of metrics that quantify the morphology of drainage basins and divides. Such metrics have been well explored in tectonically active environments to evaluate the role of different processes in sculpting topography, yet relatively few works have applied these analyses to radial landforms such as volcanoes. We quantify drainage basin geometries on volcanic edifices of varying ages using common metrics (e.g., Hack's law, drainage density, and number of basins that reach the edifice summit, as well as basin hypsometry integral, length, width, relief, and average topographic slope). Relating these measurements to the log-mean age of activity for each edifice, we find that drainage density, basin hypsometry, basin length, and basin width quantify the degree of erosional maturity for these landforms. We also explore edifice drainage basin growth and competition by conducting a divide mobility analysis on the volcanoes, finding that young volcanoes are characterized by nearly uniform fluvial basins within unstable configurations that are more prone to divide migration. As basins on young volcanoes erode, they become less uniform but adapt to a more stable configuration with less divide migration. Finally, we analyze basin spatial geometries and outlet spacing on edifices, discovering an evolution in radial basin configurations that differ from typical linear mountain ranges. From these, we present a novel conceptual model for edifice degradation that allows new interpretations of composite volcano histories and provides predictive quantities for edifice morphologic evolution.
Identification of compound drought and heatwave events on a daily scale and across four seasons
Authors: Shan Baoying , Verhoest Niko E. C. , De Baets Bernard
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Compound drought and heatwave (CDHW) events can result in intensified damage to ecosystems, economies, and societies, especially on a warming planet. Although it has been reported that CDHW events in the winter season can also affect insects, birds, and the occurrence of wildfires, the literature generally focuses exclusively on the summer season. Moreover, the coarse temporal resolution of droughts as determined on a monthly scale may hamper the precise identification of the start and/or end dates of CDHW events. Therefore, we propose a method to identify CDHW events on a daily scale that is applicable across the four seasons. More specifically, we use standardized indices calculated on a daily scale to identify four types of compound events in a systematic way. Based on the hypothesis that droughts or heatwaves should be statistically extreme and independent, we remove minor dry or warm spells and merge mutually dependent ones. To demonstrate our method, we make use of 120 years of daily precipitation and temperature information observed at Uccle, Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Our method yields more precise start and end dates for droughts and heatwaves than those that can be obtained with a classical approach acting on a monthly scale, thereby allowing for a better identification of CDHW events. Consistent with existing literature, we find an increase in the number of days in CDHW events at Uccle, mainly due to the increasing frequency of heatwaves. Our results also reveal a seasonality in CDHW events, as droughts and heatwaves are negatively dependent on one another in the winter season at Uccle, whereas they are positively dependent on one another in the other seasons. Overall, the method proposed in this study is shown to be robust and displays potential for exploring how year-round CDHW events influence ecosystems.
Limited effect of the confluence angle and tributary gradient on Alpine confluence morphodynamics under intense sediment loads
Authors: St. Pierre Ostrander Théo , Kraus Thomé , Mazzorana Bruno , Holzner Johannes , Andreoli Andrea , Comiti Francesco , Gems Bernhard
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Confluences are dynamic morphological nodes that are found in all river networks. In mountain regions, they are influenced by hydraulic and sedimentary processes that occur in steep channels during extreme events in small watersheds. Sediment transport in the tributary channel and aggradation in the confluence can be massive, potentially causing overbank flooding and sedimentation into adjacent settlement areas. Previous works dealing with confluences have mainly focused on lowland regions, and those that have focused on mountain areas have used sediment concentrations and channel gradients that are largely under-representative of mountain river conditions. The presented work contributes to filling this research gap with 45 experiments that use a large-scale physical model. Geometric model parameters, the applied grain size distribution, and the considered discharges represent the conditions at 135 confluences in South Tyrol (Italy) and Tyrol (Austria). The experimental program allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the effects of (i) the confluence angle, (ii) the tributary gradient, (iii) the channel discharges, and (iv) the tributary sediment concentration. In contrast to most research dealing with confluences, results indicate that, in the presence of an intense tributary sediment supply and a small tributary-to-main-channel discharge ratio (0.1), the confluence angle does not have a decisive effect on confluence morphology. Adjustments to the tributary channel gradient yielded the same results. A reoccurring range of depositional geomorphic units was observed in which a deposition cone transitioned to a bank-attached bar. The confluence morphology and tributary channel gradient rapidly adjusted, tending towards an equilibrium state to accommodate both water discharges and the sediment load from the tributary. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the confluence morphology was controlled by the combined channel discharge and the depositional or erosional extent was controlled by the sediment concentration. Applying conclusions drawn from lowland confluence dynamics could misrepresent depositional and erosional patterns and the related flood hazard at mountain river confluences.
Optimizing offshore wind export cable routing using GIS-based environmental heat maps
Authors: Backstrom Joni Thomas , Warden Nicholas Mark , Walsh Colleen Marie
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In the United States, there are plans to produce up to 30 GW of offshore wind power by the year 2030, resulting in numerous seabed lease areas which are currently going through the leasing or construction and operations phase. A key challenge associated with offshore wind is optimal routing and installation of the subsea power cables, which transmit power from the main offshore wind energy production area to a land-based station, where it connects to the electrical grid. By traversing a vast extent of the seafloor, the installation and operational phases of subsea power cables have the potential to result in a range of environmental impacts, which may negatively affect sensitive biological, physical, human and/or cultural resource receptors. Presented here is a case study from southeastern North Carolina to identify optimal seabed cable routes and coastal landfalls for a recently leased offshore wind farm by using a combination of publicly available data, coupled with standard environmental impact assessment methodologies and geographic information system (GIS)-based heat maps. The study identified a range of high-risk areas, in addition to a number of potential low-risk routes and landfall areas which minimize seabed user conflicts and impacts on environmentally sensitive locations. Although additional high-resolution and site-specific environmental, geological and biological surveys are required to develop a robust cable installation plan, the preliminary steps from this research optimize early-phase marine spatial planning for offshore wind projects and other similar subsea industries.