bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method For Determination Of Ketoconazole In Bulk Drug And In Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Parikh Shalin , Dave Jayant , Patel Jayendrakumar
Published: August 2021

A simple, precise, accurate and sensitive isocratic stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for determination of Ketoconazole in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. Isocratic RP-HPLC separation was achieved on Agilent C8 (150 mm ?4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) with the mobile phase 0.3 % Triaethylamine in 20 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH adjusted to 4.0: Acetonitrile (68:32 % v/v) at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min. The retention time of Ketoconazole was 8.97 ± 0.50 min. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The linear regression analysis data of calibration curve showed good linearity in concentration range 10-60 ?g/ml. The Intraday and Interday precision were 0.59-1.11 % and 0.26-1.73 % RSD respectively. The accuracy was found to be 98.11-99.26 %. The drug was subjected to the stress conditions like hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and dry heat. The proposed method is found to be specific with respect to degradation product formed after Acidic hydrolysis, Oxidation, Thermal and Photolytic degradation. The Ketoconazole was found to be stable under neutral hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic stress conditions. Acidic, thermal, photolytic stress conditions showed degradation. The proposed chromatographic method can be used for estimation of drug during stress testing & formal stability studies.
COVID-19 Potential To Infect 4.44% Indian Population
Authors: Patel Jayendrakumar , Parikh Shalin , Patel Rakesh , Patel Shwetaben , Patel Ronak , Patel Payalben , Patel Ankita
Published: August 2021

Background: Quantitative characterisation of any contagious diseases could help in making effective strategy to prevent further spreading of the disease. Despite the rapid research in prevention of spreading COVID-19, yet there is no quantitatively information about spatiotemporal epidemiology and epidemic intensity of COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively characterize spatiotemporal epidemiology and epidemic intensity of COVID-19 in Indian geography by determine it’s infectability rate, efficacy rate, transmission rate and likelihood of total populations to be infected with COVID-19 in India.
Method: Novel statistical model was designed to quantitatively characterize spatiotemporal epidemiology and epidemic intensity of COVID-19. A Retrospective Cohort study was carried out online and offline in Indian geography using a COVID-19 transmission questionnaires sheet that comprises five mandatory questions. The collected offline as well as online data was then entered into a Microsoft excel sheet to obtain primary data and secondary data required for the mathematical model to calculate quantitative data of spatiotemporal epidemiology and epidemic intensity of COVID-19 in India geography.
Result and Discussion: Total 539 responses were analysed in the current study out of 557 received responses between April-2021 to May-2021. Average reproductive number of secondary cases was found 0.77. Infectability rate of COIVD-19 patient was found 38.11% while healthy person has 21.08% risk of becoming infected if they expose to the Primary case. J-Index and H-Index were found 55.32% and 4.44%, respectively, indicating that COVID-19 disease outbreaks as severe epidemic disease in India and has potential to infect ~4.44% Indian population.
Conclusion: Higher infectability rate (38.11%) of COIVD-19 patient and higher efficacy rate (21.08%) of healthy individual to be infected with COVID-19 outbreak it a severe epidemic in India. COVID-19 potential to infect about 4.44% India
Carbon Nanotube (CNTs): Structure, Synthesis, Purification, Functionalisation, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Biodegradation and Application as Nanomedicine and Biosensor
Authors: Patel Jayendrakumar , Parikh Shalin , Patel Shwetaben , Patel Ronak , Patel Payalben
Published: August 2021

It is well acknowledged that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a potential new class of nanomaterials for technological advancement. The recent discovery of diverse kinds of carbon nanostructures has sparked interest in the potential applications of these materials in a variety of disciplines. Numerous distinct carbon nanotube (CNT) production methods have been developed, and their characterisation, separation, and manipulation of individual CNTs are now possible. Structure, surface area, surface charge, size distribution, surface chemistry, aggregation state, and purity of the samples all have a significant impact on the reactivity of carbon nanotubes, as does the purity of the samples. Currently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being successfully used in the medicinal, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields because of their large surface area, which makes them capable of adsorbing or conjugating with a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic substances (drugs, genes, vaccines, antibodies, biosensors, etc.). They were the first to demonstrate that they are a great vehicle for drug delivery straight into cells without the need for metabolic processing by the body. This paper discusses the different types, structures, and properties of CNTs, as well as CNT synthesis and purification methods, how to functionalize CNTs, and their application in medicinal, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields, toxicological properties and their assessment, as well as in-vivo pharmacology and biodegradation pathways.
Role of Secondary Attack Rate in The Surge of COVID 19 Cases: A Comparative Retrospective Cohort Study between First Wave and Second Wave of COVID 19
Authors: Patel Jayendrakumar , Parikh Shalin , Patel Rakesh , Patel Shwetaben , Patel Ronak , Patel Payalben , Patel Ankita
Published: August 2021

India had the worst conditions during the second wave, and yet, the cause of the enormous spike in COVID-19 cases in a short time span remains unexplained. We aimed to decipher the cause of the enormous spike in COVID-19 cases in the second wave in India. A comparative retrospective cohort study was conducted between the first wave and the second wave. An individual primary case was interviewed using the "COVID-19 transmission questionaries sheet" to trace the total number of primary cases and age-wise unrestricted social interaction and secondary cases. Between January-2021 and May-2021, 1587 unrestricted social interactions were traced with 437 primary cases for the second wave. While for the first wave, 436 unrestricted social interactions were traced with 112 primary cases between January-2020 and December-2020. In the second wave, 36.8% of primary cases developed 334 secondary cases, while 25.0% of primary cases developed 82 secondary cases in the first wave. The secondary attack rate rose 2.5-fold in the age group >50years, and rose ~86% in the age group <10years, while it remained stable in the age group 10-50years. The overall 58% increment in secondary attack rate in the second wave indicates changes in the pattern of unrestricted social interaction amongst household members. This was further supported by the incidence proportion rate that surprisingly rose to ~39% in households of two- and three members in the second wave, while it was negligible in the first wave. Changes in the pattern of unrestricted social interaction among household members and a high affinity of the delta variant virus for infecting people in the age groups of <10 years and >50 years escalated the secondary attack rate and incidence proportion rate that led to the unprecedented surge of COVID-19 cases in the second wave.
The development of E-LKPD through problem-based learning to improve the sixth-grade students’ Mathematics mastery
Authors: Negari Nyoman Ari , Sabdaningtyas Lilik , Nurhanurawati Nurhanurawati
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research was to create a Mathematic LKPD based on Problem Based Learning for the subject of integer arithmetic operations in elementary school. The desire for learning that may improve students' abilities to solve problems, think critically, and inspire curiosity drove the development of this Mathematics LKPD. This was a research and development project (R&D), with data collection and basic research, planning, product development, limited testing, and final product revision being the primary steps. The participants in this study were sixth-grade teachers of SD Negeri 1 Rama Murti located in Seputih Raman district, Central Lampung, Indonesia, with a purposive sampling technique. The research sample consisted of 32 sixth-grade students of the school. Observation and questionnaires were employed to obtain data using a qualitative descriptive analysis. The development of the PBL-based LKPD materials in primary schools was extremely viable to use in learning, according to the findings of the research and debate. This corresponds to the findings of the material experts' validation, the results of the design experts' validation, the results of the media experts' validation, and the findings of the teacher testing.
Inquiry-based E-LKPD in effort to improve the fourth grade students’ learning outcome
Authors: Hidayati Samsi Nur , Sunyono Sunyono , Sabdaningtyas Lilik
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine 1) the feasibility of inquiry-based e-LKPD, 2) the importance of e-LKPD in the process of learning mathematics in elementary schools, 3) the improvement of students' mathematics learning outcome. The syntax of inquiry-based e-LKPD is student orientation to problems, organizing students to learn, guiding the investigation of individual and group participants, developing and presenting work results, analyzing and evaluating problem-solving processes. The data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The results showed that the low thematic learning outcomes of students was due to the fact that educators had not fully used teaching materials and models that could improve learning outcomes, so it was hoped that the inquiry-based e-LKPD could improve the fourth grade students’ thematic learning. It is clear that inquiry is one of the learning strategies that can be applied as a solution in improving student learning outcomes, in accordance with the characteristics of the students. Therefore, it can be concluded that the inquiry-based e-LKPD to improve student learning outcomes in elementary schools needs to be developed.
Anxiety Levels of Doctors Working in Kolkata during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Banerjee Ankush , Paul Bobby , Dasgupta Aparajita , Bhattacharyya Madhumita , Bandyopadhyay Lina , Ghosh Pritam
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Doctors are amongst the major frontline health-care providers combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation. This overwhelming burden has not only resulted in physical exhaustion but also taken a toll on their mental health. It is thus important to determine the anxiety levels among doctors working in Kolkata and identify its associated factors which can serve as important evidence for promotion of mental well-being among them.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done through online social media platform-based survey from August to October 2020, in Kolkata, among 313 doctors. Levels of anxiety was assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (modified for COVID-19 pandemic). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was done to find out the association of risk factors with high anxiety levels among the study participants.
Results: Among 313 study participants,31.9% had mild, 22% moderate and 6.4% had severe anxiety levels. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that younger age, female gender, working in government sector, presence of associated co-morbid medical condition, working as designated frontline COVID-19 health-care worker, working in increasing number of high-risk areas in the health facility, poor quality of available personal protective equipment and increasing number of difficulties faced while working had significant association with high anxiety levels.
Conclusion: Present study showed that considerable proportion (28.4%) of doctors had high anxiety levels. Maintaining appropriate COVID-19 protocols at the workplace, periodic health check-up to detect co-morbidity at the earliest, counseling services with particular attention to female providers would add on to betterment of their mental health.
Implementing a Combination of Social and Public Health Interventions for the Effective Control of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh , Shrivastava Prateek
Published: August 2021

The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has gone beyond the possibility that the disease can be controlled by the solitary actions of the health sector. If we really aim to bring an end to this novel viral pandemic, we have to implement specific public health and social interventions which can either reduce or completely interrupt the probability of transmission of the disease. Amidst no availability of a vaccine or a potential therapeutic option, the scope of public health and social interventions in the effective containment of the infection is of paramount importance. However, it is important to remember that social measures cannot be there forever and they have to be gradually lifted, and at that time, the caseload will be determined by the continuation of the well proven strategies. In conclusion, in the ongoing global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, it is extremely important that public health interventions should be implemented in close coordination with social strategies, including support from all the sections of the community to significantly minimize the risk of transmission of the infection.
Roşia Montană, Romania: Europe’s Largest Gold Deposit
Authors: Manske Scott L. , Hedenquist Jeffrey W. , O’Connor Gary , Tǎmaş Calin , Cauuet Beatrice , Leary Steven , Minut Adrian
Published: August 2021

Roşia Montană, Romania, is Europe’s largest gold deposit, with a current identifıed resource of ~400 Mt at 1.3 g/t Au and 6 g/t Ag. The deposit is hosted by a Miocene age maar-diatreme complex emplaced into Cretaceous flysch-type sedimentary rocks and intruded by dacite domes. High-resolution 40Ar/39Ar dating of adularia associated with gold-bearing veins suggests a protracted period of episodic mineralization spanning about 500,000 years. The major gold mineral is electrum, associated with pyrite, base-metal sulfıdes, and a variety of Au-Ag sulfosalts and minor tellurides. The overall aspect of the gangue and alteration mineral assemblages, as well as the sulfıde assemblage, is characteristic of intermediate sulfıdation-state epithermal deposits.
Women as Heroes in Shakespearean Drama
Authors: Yar Khan Shahab
Published: August 2021

Shakespeare studies Nature in the context of human behaviour. His drama deals with transformations and he displays these changes on both social and personal levels through alternating the graphic images from characters to situation. In an authoritarian society where lives of women were governed by a belief system which resulted out of Nature’s disposition of preordained roles in society, the portrayal of dominating female voices would have bothered many. Shakespearean drama is a protest against the society which is always dominated by the destructive forces of male paranoia, egocentrism, patriarchal instinct of exploitation of the weak, male sexual anxiety and corrupt abuse of rules of justice by the powerful. A study of the female mind presented in Shakespearean drama is seen at its best in The Winter’s Tale. The following article is an attempt to explore some of the aspects of Womanhood in Shakespearean art.
The influence of the English Language on BCS with the focus on the business register
Authors: Ribo Rumejsa , Dubravac Vildana
Published: August 2021

The main objective of this corpus-based study is to shed more light on the influence of the English language on BCS with the focus on the business register. The specialized and written corpus was designed in order to examine at what levels of BCS the impact of English is most notable. The corpus was based on the texts from the news portal Klix. The results showed that the influence of English was evident at all levels of BCS, but most prominent at the lexical and syntactic level. All the phrases from the corpus were analyzed and it was found that out of 148 phrases, 113 were the examples of the influence at lexical level and the rest, 35 precisely, were the examples of the influence at the level of syntax. As for the lexical level, most borrowings are nouns, but BCS also borrows a large number of verbs, as well as adjectives. Some of these borrowings are adapted to the rules of BCS, while the others are either used in their original forms or they are used in some hybrid forms. When it comes to the syntactic level, BCS borrows inflections, modification patterns, collocations, as well as passive “by phrase”. Finally, these Anglicisms were also analyzed in terms of writing and spelling and it was found that there are many inconsistencies regarding the spelling of these borrowed words primarily due to the fact that most of them are either brand new Anglicism or they simply were not adapted to the rules of BCS. However, it was concluded that, despite the previously mentioned fact, some rules regarding the spelling of Anglicisms can still be formed.
The Influence of Online Games on Learning English Vocabulary in High Schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Mašić Adela , Tarabar Aida
Published: August 2021

In the last couple of years, there has been an obvious increase in the number of school children proficient in English. One of the main reasons is the influence of the media, as well as students’ great exposure to video games. The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between video-game playing and English language proficiency based on age, gender and latest grade in English language. A questionnaire was completed by 71 middle and high school students answering a range of questions on the quantity and quality of the video game they play. The results showed that video games have a great impact on language learning, as well as that vocabulary and communication are areas of most benefit. Therefore, as a form of highly desirable entertainment, video games provide a positive and motivating atmosphere which is perfect for adopting a foreign language and may have positive impacts on obtaining and improving vocabulary.
KONTRIBUSI DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN SMASH BOLAVOLI
Authors: Ashar Benny
Published: August 2021

KONTRIBUSI DAYA LEDAK OTOT TUNGKAI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN SMASH BOLAVOLI
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN MAHASISWA DALAM PENERAPAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF PADA CABANG OLAHRAGA FUTSAL DI STKIP KUSUMANEGARA
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan multimedia interaktif pada mahasiswa. Dan berdasarkan observasi lapangan bahwa kurangnya pemahaman dan penerapan yang efektif tentang teknik dasar dalam olahraga futsal. Oleh karena itu penerapan multimedia interaktif digunakan sebagai pembelajaran dalam latihan.. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa 100%  mahasiswa pernah bermain futsal, 80% pernah mengikuti latihan futsal, 45% mengetahui variasi latihan dalam futsal, 91% senang berlatih dengan variasi latihan yang berbeda, 100% memerlukan pengembangan variasi latihan futsal, dan 97% menginginkan variasi latihan futsal dibuat dalam bentuk media interaktif. Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil dengan persentase 91,69% dengan kategori baik dan untuk hasil uji coba kelompok besar dengan persentase 94,16% dengan kategori baik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk ini bisa digunakan pada latihan yang sebenarnya
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR LARI SPRINT MELALUI PENDEKATAN BERMAIN PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP PERGURUAN BUDI AGUNG MARELAN TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Tauhid Iman , Aufan Rifqi , Siregar Samsuddin
Published: August 2021

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR LARI SPRINT MELALUI PENDEKATAN BERMAIN PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP PERGURUAN BUDI AGUNG MARELAN TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
TINGKAT KORELASIONAL ANTARA POWER OTOT TUNGKAI DAN LENGAN DALAM SMASH PADA ATLET BOLA VOLI
Authors: Pratomo Kosharyanto , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan power otot tungkai dan power otot lengan terhadap pukulan smash permainan bola voli SMA Yayasan Perguruan Rakyat.

Metode Penelitian. Responden penelitian adalah seluruh pemain bola voli SMA yayasan perguruan rakyat-1 yang berjumlah 20 orang, sehingga seluruh populasi dijadikan sebagai subjek penelitian. rancangan penelitian ini yaitu mengukur power otot tungkai dan power otot lengan yang dihubungkan dengan kemampuan pukulan smash permainan bola voli.

Hasil. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut: (1) terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara power otot tungkai dengan pukulan smash sebesar (r = 0.42), power otot tungkai memberikan kontribusi sebesar 17.64 % dengan pukulan smash, (2) terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara power otot lengan dengan pukulan smash sebesar (r = 0.53), power otot lengan memberikan kontribusi sebesar 28.09 % dengan pukulan smash, dan (3) terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara power otot tungkai dan power otot lengan secara bersama-sama dengan pukulan smash sebesar (Ry.12 = 0.57)

Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa 32,49 % variasi pukulan smash permainan bola voli ditentukan oleh kedua variabel bebas secara bersama-sama.
Kondisi Fisik Power Otot Tungkai Dalam Kemampuan Smash Kedeng Pada Permainan Sepak Takraw
Authors: Jufrianis
Published: August 2021

Tujuan Penelitian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dari power otot tungkai dengan kemampuan smash kedeng.

Metode Penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada atlit Persatua Sepak Takraw Indonesia di Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai Riau, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan korelasional. Sampel terdiri dari 30 orang. Sebelum melakukan penelitian terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji coba terhadap instrumen tes yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian. Uji coba ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui apakah instrumen yang akan diuji valid dan reliabel. Teknik analisis data adalah uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji linearitas

Hasil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat hubungan yang positif antara power otot tungkai dengan smash kedeng atas koefisien r x1y = 0,386 dan memberikan pengaruh sebesar 14%.

Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat hubungan yang positif kondisi fisik power otot tungkai dalam kemampuan smash kedeng pada permainan sepak takraw
PENERAPAN MODEL DESAIN INSTRAKSIONAL DICK AND CAREY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS VIII SEMESTER GENAP SMP PADA MATERI BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR.
Authors: Kamil Ghufron
Published: August 2021

Dengan daya saing yang semakin lama semakin ketat. Peserta didik dituntut untuk menguasai berbagai macam ketrampilan. Hanya dengan pengalaman belajar yang baik dan suasana belajar yang kondusiflah peserta didik dapat lebih mudah untuk mendapatkan kemampuan yang dibutuhkan dalam persaingan dimasa yang akan datang. Untuk itu guru juga dituntut untuk dapat menghadirkan semua kebutuhan peserta didik tersebut. Agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai dengan baik. Dick dan Carey memasukkan unsur kognitif dan behavioristik yang menekankan pada respon peserta didik terhadap stimulus yang dihadirkan. Implementasi model desain sistem pembelajaran ini memerlukan proses yang sistematis yang menyeluruh. Hal ini diperlukan untuk dapat menciptakan desain sistem pembelajaran yang mampu digunakan secara optimal dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah pembelajaran.
RANCANGAN PEMBELAJARAN SIMULASI DAN KOMUNIKASI DIGITAL (SIMKOMDIG) KELAS X SMK GUNA JAYA KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR, RIAU
Authors: Saleh Abdurrahman
Published: August 2021

Rancangan pembelajaran simulasi dan komunikasi digital kelas sepuluh di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Guna Jaya Kecamatan Keritang, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau, disusun berdasarkan model pembelajaran Dick dan Carey. Terdiri dari sepuluh tahapan perancangan, yaitu (1) melakukan identifikasi tujuan pembelajaran; (2) melakukan analisis intruksional; (3) menganalisis karakteristik siswa dan konteks pembelajaran; (4) merumuskan tujuan pembelajaran khusus; (5) mengembangkan instrumen penilaian; (6) mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran; (7) mengembangkan dan memilih bahan pembelajaran; (8) merancang dan mengembangkan evaluasi formatif; (9) melakukan revisi terhadap program pembelajaran; (10) merancang dan mengembangkan evaluasi sumatif. Hasil rancangan berupa (a) panduan pembelajaran (b) rencana pembelajaran (c) penilaian, dan (d) evaluasi pembelajaran dalam bentuk kompilasi dari bab-bab dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD) dalam buku Simulasi dan Komunikasi Digital Kelas X SMK.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSAKSIONAL TERHADAP STRES KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA
Authors: Budiman Ferry
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transaksional terhadap Stres Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja serta dampaknya pada Kinerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diambil melalui kuesioner sebagai sumber uta-ma penelitian. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada seluruh kepala dan wakil kepala bidang yang bekerja di RSUP “P” Jakarta. Jumlah Populasi diambil secara menyeluruh untuk dijadikan sampel, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 78 orang. Metode analisis dan uji hipotesis yang menggunakan analisis jalur PLS (Partial Least Square), kemudian perhitungannya menggunakan program Smart PLS, sedangkan penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sensus atau sampling jenuh. Hasil pen-gujian hipotesis menunjukan bahwa dari 7 hipotesis, lima di an-taranya diterima dan dua hipotesis ditolak, yaitu: (a) kepem-impiman transaksional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan ter-hadap Stres Kerja, (b) kepemimpinan transaksional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Motivasi Kerja, (c) kepemimpi-nan transaksional berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan ter-hadap Kinerja, (d) stres Kerja berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap Kinerja, (e) motivasi kerja berpengaruh posi-tif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja, (f) Ada pengaruh tidak langsung kepemimpinan transaksional terhadap kinerja melalui Stres Kerja, dan (g) Ada pengaruh tidak langsung kepemimpinan transaksional terhadap kinerja melalui Motivasi Kerja.
BAHASA ANAK BETAWI DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Nur Tadjuddin
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi sikap bahasa anak Betawi ketika berada dalam lingkungan sekolah mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap bahasa yang mereka gunakan ketika berada di luar kelas dan di dalam kelas serta menganalisa sikap bahasa mereka terhadap Bahasa Betawi, Bahasa Indonesia, dan bahasa gaul. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak Betawi ketika di luar kelas sebagian besar menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia, sebagian kecil menggunakan Bahasa Betawi dan bahasa gaul. Ketika mereka di dalam kelas hampir semua menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia, sebagian kecil saja yang menggunakan Bahasa Betawi dan bahasa gaul. Sikap bahasa anak Betawi terhadap Bahasa Betawi pada aspek kognitif, aspek afektif dan aspek konatif menunjukkan positif. Demikian juga terhadap Bahasa Indonesia pada aspek kognitif, aspek afektif, dan aspek konatif menujukkan positif.Sementara terhadap bahasa gaul pada aspek kognitif dan aspek afektif menunjukkan negatif dan pada aspek konatif menunjukkan positif.
PENERAPAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ANIMASI DAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF THE POWER OF TWO TERHADAP HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS) PADA PEMBELAJARAN MA-TEMATIKA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Alfiani Windia
Published: August 2021

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendesain pembelajaran sehingga diperoleh rancangan pembelajaran yang aktif, inovatif, kreatif, mandiri, serta menyenangkan sehingga pesan pembelajaran dapat tersampaikan dengan baik. Rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam berpikir tingkat tinggi perlu ditingkatkan dengan memberikan latihan soal-soal yang berbeda dengan contoh yang telah diberikan oleh guru. Salah satunya dengan menggunakan soal Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) yang merupakan soal tingkatan yang kompleks. Ketika siswa dihadapkan pada soal HOTS maka akan menghasilkan berbagai cara penyelesaian dari soal tersebut. Di dalam kelas khususnya pembelajaran matematika SD terlihat proses belajar yang kurang efektif. Guru dari awal pembelajaran memulai kegiatan belajar dengan berdoa, kemudian mengabsen kehadiran siswa, menjelaskan dengan monoton dan nyaris tak menggunakan alat yang dapat memudahkan siswa dalam belajar. Dengan memperhatikan masalah di atas, sudah seharusnya dalam proses pembelajaran matematika guru perlu melakukan suatu perubahan atau inovasi yang dapat menggairahkan siswa dalam belajar. Diperlukan alternatif strategi pembelajaran yang mampu membangkitan semangat, motivasi, kreatif dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan melalui penerapan strategi pembelajaran the power of two, juga mendesain sebuah media pembelajaran animasi yang menarik dengan Macromedia Flash.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DAN SIMPANAN MULTIGUNA TERHADAP SHU KSPPS BMT BAREPAN CAWAS KLATEN TAHUN 2013-2017
Authors: Harti Farida Puspita , Sunarto Sunarto , Wiratno Eko
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Pembiayaan Murabahah dan Simpanan Multiguna Terhadap Sisa Hasil Usaha pada BMT Barepan Cawas periode 2014-2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang berupa Data Buku Laporan Rapat Anggota Tahunan (RAT) Tahun 2014 - 2017. Alat statistik yang digunakan adalah SPSS versi 21.00 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan  memahami bagaimana pengaruh pembiayaan murabahah dan simpanan multiguna terhadap sisa hasil usaha pada BMT Barepan, Cawas, Klaten. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif, yaitu peneliti mencari fakta dengan mempelajari masalah yang ada, termasuk mengenai hubungan antara Pembiayaan Murabahah dan Simpanan Multiguna Terhadap Sisa Hasil Usaha KSPPS BMT Barepan, Cawas, Klaten. Berdasarkan uji t pada pengolahan data SPSS versi 21.00, menunjukkan bahwa nilai hasil dari thitung variabel  Pembiayaan Murabahah sebesar -13,672, variabel  Simpanan Multiguna sebesar 18,029 dan  sebesar 3,198 dan  nilai ttabel = 4,303, ini berarti bahwa thitung > ttabel maka Ho (Tidak ada pengaruh antara Pembiayaan Murabahah dan Simpanan Multiguna terhadap SHU) ditolak, yang berarti bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan  Pembiayaan Murabahah dan  Simpanan Multiguna  terhadap Sisa Hasil Usaha (SHU) secara individu.
Pengaruh kegiatan Pemasaran terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Produksi Jamur Tiram
Authors: Khasanah Dwi Rohmawati , Sunarto Sunarto , Prabowo Erry Setyo
Published: August 2021

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah para petani jamur tiram yang ada di Desa Dompol, Kecamatan Kemalang, Kabupaten Klaten yang berjumlah 30 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan angket, wawancara dan observasi. Uji validitas instrumen menggunakan teknik analisis Product Moment, sedangkan uji reliabilitas menggunakan koefisien Alpha. Uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kegiatan promosi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil produksi. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan nilai thitung sebesar 1,941 pada taraf signifikansi 5% (thitung  > ttabel) yaitu 1,941 > 1,703. (2) Kegiatan penjualan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil produksi jamur tiram. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan nilai thitung sebesar 5,605 pada taraf signifikansi 5% (thitung  >  ttabel) yaitu 5,605 > 1,703. (3) Kegiatan penyaluran produk ke konsumen berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil produksi. Hai ini ditunjukan dengan nilai thitung sebesar 2,198  pada taraf signifikansi 5% (thitung > ttabel) yaitu 2,198 > 1,703. (4) Secara keseluruhan kegiatan promosi, penjualan, dan penyaluran produk ke konsumen berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil produksi jamur tiram. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan hasil olah data yang menunjukan Fhitung  > Ftabel (35,595 > 2,975) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. (5) Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukan bahwa kegiatan promosi, penjualan, dan penyaluran produk ke konsumen mempengaruhi 75,9% peningkatan hasil produksi, sedangkan sisanya 24,1% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diluar penelitian.
The Quantitative Easing Bursts Bitcoin Price
Authors: Patacca Marco , Focardi Sergio
Published: August 2021

In this paper we analyze the existence of cointegrating relationships between Bitcoin, S&P 500, and the quantity of money M2. We perform our analysis with and without applying time warping pre-processing. In all cases we find strong evidence that, in the period 2016-2021 the three time series show two cointegrating relationships and therefore share a common stochastic trend. In addition, a low correlation between Bitcoin and S&P 500 is detected. These finding justify the increased interest of investors in Bitcoin as an alternative asset class. The economic interpretation is that the stock valuation is primarily determined by financial phenomena, in particular the availability of large quantity of money. Money supporting investment is due both to the actions of Quantitative Easing and to the exchange of creditor/debtor role that took place between households and firms. The price of both Bitcoin and stocks is increasingly influenced by the amount of money in circulation and follows the same stochastic trend.
Assessing Point Forecast Bias Across Multiple Time Series: Measures and Visual Tools
Authors: Davydenko Andrey , Goodwin Paul
Published: August 2021

Measuring bias is important as it helps identify flaws in quantitative forecasting methods or judgmental forecasts. It can, therefore, potentially help improve forecasts. Despite this, bias tends to be under-represented in the literature: many studies focus solely on measuring accuracy. Methods for assessing bias in single series are relatively well-known and well-researched, but for datasets containing thousands of observations for multiple series, the methodology for measuring and reporting bias is less obvious. We compare alternative approaches against a number of criteria when rolling-origin point forecasts are available for different forecasting methods and for multiple horizons over multiple series. We focus on relatively simple, yet interpretable and easy-to-implement metrics and visualization tools that are likely to be applicable in practice. To study the statistical properties of alternative measures we use theoretical concepts and simulation experiments based on artificial data with predetermined features. We describe the difference between mean and median bias, describe the connection between metrics for accuracy and bias, provide suitable bias measures depending on the loss function used to optimise forecasts, and suggest which measures for accuracy should be used to accompany bias indicators. We propose several new measures and provide our recommendations on how to evaluate forecast bias across multiple series.
Iceland's Pirate Party (Píratar) – In Permanent Opposition?
Authors: Southwell Priscilla , Pirch Kevin
Published: August 2021

This research examines the rapid growth in popularity of Iceland’s Pirate Party (Piratur) by analyzing recent election results and public opinion polling (2013-17) on the popularity and ideological placement of the Pirate Party. We find that most respondents viewed the Pirate Party as centrist, and the majority of the respondents were neutral in their view of the party, although negative assessments rose by 2017.
Effect of the essential oils addition on the rate of bacterial cellulose surface overgrowth by mold fungi
Authors: Jałoweicki Marcin , Betlej Izabela
Published: August 2021

Effect of the essential oils addition on the rate of bacterial cellulose surface overgrowth by mold fungi. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of protecting films made of bacterial cellulose with essential oils against overgrowth by mold fungi. The cellulose film produced by microorganisms forming a pellicle called SCOBY was modified by introducing into the cellulose pulp essential oils: cinnamon and manuka. Samples of the protected film were treated with mold fungi: Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride. On the basis of the tests conducted, the rate of film overgrowth by mold fungi and the effectiveness criteria of cellulose film protection with essential oils were determined. The addition of cinnamon oil protected the film against the growth of Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium globosum fungi. Manuka oil slowed down the growth of Chaetomium globosum microorganisms on the surface of the bacterial cellulose film sample, but did not protect the samples from overgrowth. The essential oils tested were ineffective against the fungus Trichoderma viride.
Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Its Correlation with Team Performance, Player Position and Physical Characteristics in the Soccer Premium League of Iran
Authors: Angoorani Hooman , Basharkhah Afsaneh , Mazaherinezhad Ali , Nazari Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Background: This study is one of the first to specifically analyze cardiorespiratory fitness and its association with age, weight, height, body fat percentage (BFP), body mass index (BMI), team performance, and player position for a large number of soccer players in an Asian top league. Methods: 213 players (age = 25 ± 5 years, height = 181.2 ± 6.8 cm, weight = 76.1 ± 8.1 kg, BFP = 11.3 ± 3.1) affiliated with 16 soccer clubs from Iran’s Premier League (i.e., the highest level of club football in Iran), were tested for maximal aerobic power (VO2 max), first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2), and ventilatory efficiency at rest (VO2 rest). The nonparametric Spearman's correlation test was performed to check for correlations, and the resulting rank correlation coefficients (rs) and probability value (P) are presented. Results: In terms of mean ± standard deviation, the 213 male players participating in this study have VO2max = 55.3 ± 5.4 mL.kg-1.min-1, VT1 = 57.3 ± 4.2 (% max), VT2 = 92.6 ± 3.4 (% max) and VO2rest = 7.1 ± 1.4 mL.kg-1.min-1. No correlation between VO2max and team performance or BFP was observed. The correlations between VO2max and age (rs= -0.23, P = 10-3), height (rs = -0.34, P ≅ 0), weight (rs = -0.42, P ≅ 0) and BMI (rs = -0.30, P = 10-5) were considered statistically significant. The difference between VO2max of players in different positions was also statistically significant. Goalkeepers possessed the lowest VO2max, with a mean value of 49.8 mL.kg-1.min-1. Defenders had the lowest mean VO2max value players (equal to 54.7 mL.kg-1.min-1) amongst outfield players, and midfielders had the highest mean VO2max (= 56.9 mL.kg-1.min-1). The other indices of cardiorespiratory fitness (VT1, VT2 and VO2rest) had no statistically significant correlation with the physical characteristics of the soccer players, team performance and player position. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that VT1, VT2, and VO2rest are not distinguishing factors amongst different categories of age, weight, height, team performance, and player position, but VO2max varies with age, weight, height, and BMI. The study also shows that there is a high correlation between the physical demands of player positions during a game and the aerobic capacity of players in those positions, and this must be taken into account in soccer training.
Cytotoxicity of Taxol in Combination with Vincristine and Vinblastine Against A375 Cell Line
Authors: Zandi Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Background: Annually, various types of cancer cause thousands of deaths globally, and identifying an appropriate therapeutic option for these disorders is of crucial importance. Side effects of anticancer drugs can be reduced through the promising strategy of combination therapy. Objectives: The present paper has investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of Taxol, carboplatin, vinblastine, and vincristine alone and in combination against human malignant melanoma A375 cells and non-cancerous fibroblast HU2 cells to examine the possible side effects of the drugs. Methods: The cells were subjected to the examined compounds for 48 h, and the MTT test was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity. Results: The results indicated that the most significant effect was related to 120 μg/mL vincristine and 7.5 μg/mL Taxol+ vincristine treatments, with the survival amounts of 24 ± 0.6 and 28 ± 0%, respectively. In addition, the best 50% inhibitory effect was found to be related to Taxol + vincristine, vinblastine, and Taxol+ vinblastine treatments at the concentrations of 0.04, 2.2, and 3.4 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: According to the findings of in vitro toxicity, the evaluated complexes are not cytotoxic against human fibroblast HU2 cells. Also, the most significant effect on A375 cells was associated with vincristine treatment. No synergistic reaction was recorded among the different combinations of drugs based on the calculated CI values.
Pre-Existing HBV and HCV Infections Do Not Affect COVID-19-Related Outcomes: An Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Guardigni Viola , Rosselli Del Turco Elena , Badia Lorenzo , Galli Silvia , Scolz Kristian , Viale Pierluigi , Verucchi Gabriella
Published: August 2021

Background: A better understanding of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and HBV or HCV hepatitis is very important. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence and the impact of pre-existing HBV and HCV infections in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study and included all the subjects positive for SARS-CoV-2 from March to May 2020. We evaluated the prevalence of chronic HBV and HCV infections and performed a matched cohort analysis to compare COVID-19-related outcomes between patients with and without infections due to HBV or HCV. Results: Among 606 subjects, 12 cases (2%) had positive HBsAg, and 6 cases (0.99%) presented detectable HCV RNA. We recognized 80 individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 with negative markers for HBV and HCV suitable for the matched analysis. No statistical differences in mechanical ventilation support and mortality rates were found (P = 0.27 and P = 0.80, respectively). Moreover, although not statistically different, individuals with viral hepatitis were more likely to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in comparison to those without HBV or HCV infections (29% vs. 15%). The median time of virus clearance was 27.5 days, with no difference between the two groups. Conclusions: In our cohort, the pre-existing viral liver infection did not have any impact on the clinical and virological evolution of COVID-19.
Risk Factor Analysis of Brucellosis in Hulunbuir, China, Using the Propensity Score Matching Method
Authors: Peng Li , Liang Xiuwen , Zhu Lei , Liang Chen , Liu Chenfang , Chi Xiaohui
Published: August 2021

Background: Brucellosis is the most widespread zoonosis worldwide and one of the most neglected zoonotic diseases. At present, large-scale farms are growing rapidly, increasing the risk of disease transmission. Objectives: In this study, the propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis and explore the risk factors of brucellosis infection in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods: A questionnaire for brucellosis was designed based on general knowledge and the protection of key groups of brucellosis. Epidata 13.0 software was used to establish the questionnaire, and propensity score matching was used to select cases that met the requirements of case-controls. Results: A total of 152 cases and 456 controls were included. The results of the study show that feeding livestock, carrying lambs regularly, and raising livestock without protective measures can increase the risk of brucellosis infection. Conclusions: Behavioral factors are the main risk factors for brucellosis, and livestock keepers should strengthen self-protection when working.
The Effect of Combined Herbal Capsule on Glycemic Indices and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghafarzadegan Rezvan , Javaheri Javad , Asgari Mina , Golitaleb Mohamad , Maraki Fatemeh , Ghafarzadegan Reza , Zarei Mohammadreza
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of the combined herbal capsule (CHC), as a nutritional supplement, on glycemic indices (GIs) and lipid profile (LP) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Following a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the current study was conducted on 80 cases with T2DM who were randomly assigned into two groups of treatment (CHCs; n = 40) and control (placebo; n = 40). Both groups received the intervention (500 mg capsules) twice a day for three months, without changes in the previous dose of oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs. The GI and LP levels were measured before the intervention and three months later to investigate the potential efficacy of the interventions. Results: For those in the intervention group, the mean GI [i.e., fasting blood sugar, two hours postprandial (2hpp), and HbA1c] was significantly different after 3 months (P < 0.05). The GI- and LP-related outcomes (TG, LDL-C except for TC) were improved after 3-month of receiving the intervention compared to the control group; however, the observed improvement was no statistically significant (P > 0.05). The HDL-C level was also significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that receiving CHCs could improve GI and LP levels (TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C, except for TC), which indicates its potential to control T2DM. Moreover, no significant side effect was observed in the intervention group. It can be argued that the use of CHCs, as adjuvant therapy, in combination with conventional hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering drugs, as well as following a modified lifestyle, not only can signiﬁcantly enhance glycemic control but also may prevent T2DM complications.
The Association Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level and Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Referring to the Heart Clinic of Birjand, Iran, During 2016 - 2017
Authors: Bijari Bita , Kazemi Toba , Movahedi Adib , Zardast Mahmoud , Hoshyar Reyhane
Published: August 2021

Background: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as an invaluable predictor is used to determine the risk of heart diseases and evaluate the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapies. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between HDL cholesterol level and some cardiovascular risk factors in the patients referring to the Heart Clinic of Birjand, Iran, during 2016 - 2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 410 patients referring to the Heart Clinic of Birjand, Iran, during 2016 - 2017 were selected. Then using a questionnaire, complete demographic and biochemical data were collected and statistically analyzed for assessing the effects of some lifestyle factors such as the diet and physical activity on the serum level of HDL. Finally, all the results were analyzed by SPSS software (version 15). Results: In our study, the majority of dyslipidemic people had low levels of HDL (58.8%). Most of the participants were in a poor health condition according to BMI and physical activity, in a moderate health status in terms of smoking and cholesterol and fasting blood glucose (FBS) levels, and finally in the ideal health group in terms of the diet and blood pressure. The HDL level was significantly associated with physical activity, FBS, BMI, and blood pressure (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the association between persistent cardiovascular risk factors and HDL cholesterol level, encouraging people to adopt a healthy lifestyle can help prevent cardiac diseases.