bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and unsuccessful management of iatrogenic fungal septic arthritis caused byWickerhamomyces anomalous(formerlyCandida pelliculosa) and concurrent osteochondral lesion in Ireland
Authors: Duggan Michael , Gibbons James , Offereins Henk , Fogarty Ursula , Schofield Warren
Published: April 2023

Equine septic fungal arthritis is poorly documented in the literature. There is an absence of efficacy and safety data for antifungal medications, highlighting the importance of documenting this case. A 15‐year‐old Irish sport horse gelding presented 4/5 (AAEP) left hindlimb lame 13 days after intra‐articular medication of the left tarsocrural joint with triamcinolone and hyaluronic acid. Radiography revealed an osteochondral fragment at the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia and shallow subchondral bone defect on the medial trochlear ridge. Synoviocentesis yielded a turbid sample with an elevated total nucleated cell count (49 × 109cells/L; total neutrophil count of 62.8%). Arthroscopic lavage of the tarsocrural joint (TCJ) was performed. Ceftriaxone was administered and systemic antimicrobials initiated. The fungusWickerhamomyces anomaluswas identified on culture. The horse was subsequently intensively treated with antimicrobial and antifungal medications, both systemically and intra‐articularly over the following 60 plus days. Multiple subsequent synovial cultures revealed the persistence of the fungal organism, until a negative culture on day 55. However, on day 113, a grade 5/5 lameness was present, and a further positive synovial fungal culture. Radiographs revealed a lytic lesion at the distal tibia with marked progression. The horse was euthanised on day 126.
Diel variation in insect‐dominated temperate pond soundscapes and guidelines for survey design
Authors: Greenhalgh Jack A. , Genner Martin J. , Jones Gareth
Published: April 2023

Passive acoustic monitoring has been used for decades as a non‐invasive tool for quantifying biodiversity in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Recently, there has been increased interest in the potential for the method to survey freshwater biodiversity. Fundamental aspects of freshwater soundscape phenology, however, often remain poorly understood, despite their importance for suitable survey design.

To gain a greater understanding of daily acoustic variation in aquatic insect‐dominated temperate pond soundscapes, 840 hr of underwater sound recordings were collected from five ponds in the southwest of the U.K. We calculated six commonly used acoustic indices to investigate diel trends and evaluated the suitability of each acoustic index to identify biologically complex pond soundscapes. In addition, macroinvertebrates were collected from each pond to investigate potential drivers of diel soundscape variation.

The ponds studied possessed clear patterns of daily acoustic variation, with acoustic activity typically peaking between 02:00 and 04:00 and around the solar noon. Acoustic Entropy showed the greatest variation between day and night soundscapes and was best suited for detecting overall daily acoustic variation in the study ponds. However, the Normalised Difference Soundscape Index and the Bioacoustic Index captured strong diel variation in aquatic insect‐dominated soundscapes. Furthermore, we calculated that a minimum hydrophone deployment time of 24 hr is required to ensure that soundscape variation is adequately captured.

This study provides an increased understanding of daily acoustic variation in insect‐dominated temperate pond soundscapes, enabling us to provide guidelines for the design and implementation of future passive acoustic monitoring surveys. We suggest that a minimum of 24 hr is required to adequately capture pond soundscape variation. This will increase the chance of detecting key soniferous species in the soundscape and enable more accurate assessments of temperate pond soundscapes.
Responses of population structure and genomic diversity to climate change and fishing pressure in a pelagic fish
Authors: Mendoza‐Portillo Verónica , García‐De León Francisco J. , von der Heyden Sophie
Published: April 2023

The responses of marine species to environmental changes and anthropogenic pressures (e.g., fishing) interact with ecological and evolutionary processes that are not well understood. Knowledge of changes in the distribution range and genetic diversity of species and their populations into the future is essential for the conservation and sustainable management of resources. Almaco jack (Seriola rivoliana) is a pelagic fish with high importance to fisheries and aquaculture in the Pacific Ocean. In this study, we assessed contemporary genomic diversity and structure in loci that are putatively under selection (outlier loci) and determined their potential functions. Using a combination of genotype–environment association, spatial distribution models, and demogenetic simulations, we modeled the effects of climate change (under three different RCP scenarios) and fishing pressure on the species' geographic distribution and genomic diversity and structure to 2050 and 2100. Our results show that most of the outlier loci identified were related to biological and metabolic processes that may be associated with temperature and salinity. The contemporary genomic structure showed three populations—two in the Eastern Pacific (Cabo San Lucas and Eastern Pacific) and one in the Central Pacific (Hawaii). Future projections suggest a loss of suitable habitat and potential range contractions for most scenarios, while fishing pressure decreased population connectivity. Our results suggest that future climate change scenarios and fishing pressure will affect the genomic structure and genotypic composition of S. rivoliana and lead to loss of genomic diversity in populations distributed in the eastern‐central Pacific Ocean, which could have profound effects on fisheries that depend on this resource.
Associations between adiponectin and leptin levels and skeletal muscle mass and myosteatosis in older adults: The Shimanami Health Promoting Program study
Authors: Tabara Yasuharu , Okada Yoko , Ochi Masayuki , Ohyagi Yasumasa , Igase Michiya
Published: April 2023

Aim

Identifying plasma molecules associated with skeletal muscle properties can elucidate the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. Because adipocytokines are a promising candidate marker, the current study aimed to clarify the possible associations between adiponectin and leptin levels and mid‐thigh muscle cross‐sectional area and mean attenuation value, which are indices of muscle mass and fat deposition in muscle, respectively.

Methods

The current study included 1440 older Japanese adults (mean age 69.3 years). Mid‐thigh skeletal muscle cross‐sectional area and mean attenuation value were evaluated through computed tomography scan. A low attenuation value showed a greater fat deposition in muscle. Circulating adiponectin and leptin levels were assessed using blood specimens collected during the baseline investigation.

Results

Plasma leptin level was inversely correlated with muscle cross‐sectional area, but not with attenuation value. The association with cross‐sectional area was independent of possible confounding factors including body size (Q1: reference; Q2: β = −0.032, P = 0.033; Q3: β = −0.064, P < 0.001; Q4: β = −0.111, P < 0.001). In contrast, adiponectin level was independently and inversely associated with attenuation value (Q1: reference; Q2: β = −0.044, P = 0.122; Q3: β = −0.080, P = 0.006; Q4: β = −0.159, P < 0.001), but not with cross‐sectional area. These associations between adipocytokine levels and muscle properties were independent of abdominal fat area and insulin resistance.

Conclusions

There were adiposity‐ and insulin resistance‐independent associations between adipocytokines levels and skeletal muscle mass and fat deposition in muscle, suggesting an involvement of adipocytokines in muscle properties. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 444–449.
Postoperative outcomes of total elbow replacement in haemophilic elbow arthropathy: A systematic review
Authors: Anazor Fitzgerald Chukwuemeka , Uthraraj Nachappa , Relwani Jaikumar
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Total elbow replacement (TER) is a surgical treatment option for haemophilic elbow arthropathy.

Aim

To review the outcomes of TER in haemophilic elbow arthropathy. The primary outcome measures were perioperative blood loss, postoperative complications, revision rates and length of hospital stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes were elbow range of motion (ROM), functional outcome scores and the visual analogue pain scale (VAS).

Materials and methods

PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane register were searched conforming to the PRISMA guidelines. Only studies with a minimum postoperative follow‐up of 1 year were included. Quality appraisal was performed utilizing the MINORS criteria.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐eight articles were identified. Following article screening, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 51 TERs in 38 patients were performed, with the Coonrad–Morrey prosthesis utilized in 51% of cases. The pooled postoperative complication and revision rates were 49% and 29%, respectively. Surgery‐related postoperative mortality was 3.9%. The mean preoperative Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) was 43 ± 20 whereas the mean postoperative MEPS was 89 ± 6. Mean preoperative VAS was 7.2 ± 1.9 while the mean postoperative VAS was 2.0 ± 1.4. Mean preoperative and postoperative elbow flexion arcs were 54 ± 15 and 91 ± 10 degrees, respectively. Mean preoperative and postoperative forearm rotation arcs were 86 ± 40 and 135 ± 19 degrees, respectively.

Conclusion

TER for haemophilic elbow arthropathy provides good to excellent improvements in pain and elbow ROM postoperatively. However, the overall complication and revision rates are relatively high, when compared to TER performed for other indications.
Blockchain application in consumer services: A review and future research agenda
Authors: Bhawna  , Gupta Priya , Rai Pratibha , Chauhan Ajay
Published: April 2023

The potential of blockchain technology (BCT) to modify and innovates established business structures and frameworks has received widespread attention. Academia and businesses are becoming increasingly curious about how this technology could be used to improve and refine consumer services and operations. Despite the growing popularity of blockchain research in consumer services, there remains a dearth of detailed summaries in the literature. Hence, this bibliometric analysis, combined with a systematic literature review (SLR) using SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol with the theories, characteristics, contexts, and methods framework (A hybrid review), aims to convey qualitative and quantitative knowledge on the ever‐evolving subject of blockchain application in consumer services in an organized manner. Specifically, this article analyses: (1) the current publication trends in studies devoted to blockchain‐based applications for consumers, (2) the most important publications and themes of research in this field, (3) the evolution of blockchain in consumer service over the years, and the most current trends in this field, (4) the advantages and challenges of incorporating BCT into consumer services, (5) gaps in the existing literature that future researchers should investigate. In addition, this review also describes the widely used theories, characteristics, and methods in the application of blockchain in consumer service research by examining the most applied theories, methods, constructs, and study contexts and paving the way for new research directions. The review includes 417 documents after searching for scholarly publications in two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) and choosing documents based on their relevance to the stated goals.
Fusion‐targeted biopsy significantly improves prostate cancer detection in biopsy‐naïve men
Authors: Blas Leandro , Shiota Masaki , Tsukahara Shigehiro , Goto Shunsuke , Kinoshita Fumio , Matsumoto Takashi , Monji Keisuke , Kashiwagi Eiji , Inokuchi Junichi , Eto Masatoshi
Published: April 2023

Objective

The precise diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) is crucial to avoid underdiagnosis, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment. We aimed to compare clinically significant PC (csPC) detection between MRI/ultrasound fusion‐targeted prostate (TBx) compared to systematic biopsy (SBx) in biopsy‐naïve Japanese men.

Methods

We included patients with suspect PC due to elevated PSA level or abnormal digital rectal examination, or both. csPC was defined as International Society Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group ≥2 (csPC‐A) and ISUP grade group ≥3 (csPC‐B).

Results

This study included 143 patients. Overall PC detection was 66.4% for SBx and 67.8% for MRI‐TBx. MRI‐TBx presented a significantly higher rate of csPC detection (csPC‐A 67.1% vs. 58.7%, p = 0.04, and csPC‐B 49.6% vs. 39.9%, p < 0.001) and significantly lower detection of non‐csPC‐A (0.6% vs. 6.7%). Importantly, MRI‐TBx missed 4.9% (7/143) of csPC‐A and only 0.7% (1/143) of csPC‐B. On the other hand, SBx alone missed 13.3% (19/143) of csPC‐A and 4.2% (6/143) of csPC‐B.

Conclusion

MRI‐TBx significantly outperformed 12‐cores SBx for csPC detection and decreased non‐csPC detection in biopsy‐naive men. Performing MRI‐TBx without SBx would have missed some csPC, supporting that MRI‐TBx synergizes with SBx to increase csPC detection.
Patients' experiences of completing patient‐reported outcomes in clinical trials: An interview study
Authors: Østergaard Louise Dorner , Nørgaard Birgitte , Holm Malene Eiberg , Hansen Ann‐Kirstine , Lund Lars , Poulsen Mads Hvid
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to gain insight into how older men diagnosed with prostate cancer experience responding to ePRO about their quality of life in a clinical trial as well as what motivates and demotivates them in the process. Drop‐outs in patient‐reported outcome studies are a well‐known challenge that influence both the reliability and validity of clinical trials. Furthermore, retaining older people in electronic patient‐reported outcome (ePRO) studies has proven difficult. This study was based on qualitative semi‐structured interviews with 13 male patients. The interviews were conducted between April and May 2022 and were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. We analysed the interview inductively using Braun and Clark's thematic analysis. Resulting in five core themes among participants' responses: (1) the ePRO frame is feasible, (2) it is challenging to rate one's life on a scale, (3) increased disease insight, (4) unmet expectations of emotional support, and (5) from motivation to demotivation. The informants were motivated primarily by the idea of helping with new knowledge, but also because ePRO was seen as easy to use and access from home. They were further motivated by the new knowledge they gained through ePRO about symptoms and the possibility to follow their own progress. However, relating to their own quality of life creates an expectation that nurses and doctors will do the same in their treatment, and when this does not happen, the initial motivation turns into demotivation as ePRO knowledge was not used to tailor their treatment and follow‐up. In conclusion, older men can participate in ePRO. They are motivated by helping with new knowledge, the ability to answer ePRO from home, and the insights they gain from the questionnaire. They lose motivation when their responses are not used to tailor their disease management.
Effects of the Rho GTPase‐activating toxin CNF1 on fibroblasts derived from Rett syndrome patients: A pilot study
Authors: Cittadini Camilla , Germinario Elena Angela Pia , Maroccia Zaira , Cosentino Livia , Maselli Valeria , Gambardella Lucrezia , Giambenedetti Massimo , Guidotti Marco , Travaglione Sara , Fallerini Chiara , Renieri Alessandra , Marcillo David Israel Escobar , Ricceri Laura , Fortini Paola , De Filippis Bianca , Fiorentini Carla , Fabbri Alessia
Published: April 2023

The bacterial product CNF1, through its action on the Rho GTPases, is emerging as a modulator of crucial signalling pathways involved in selected neurological diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunctions. Mitochondrial impairment has been hypothesized to have a key role in paramount mechanisms underlying Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurologic rare disorder. CNF1 has been already reported to have beneficial effects in mouse models of RTT. Using human RTT fibroblasts from four patients carrying different mutations, as a reliable disease‐in‐a‐dish model, we explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms, which can underlie the CNF1‐induced amelioration of RTT deficits. We found that CNF1 treatment modulates the Rho GTPases activity of RTT fibroblasts and induces a considerable re‐organization of the actin cytoskeleton, mainly in stress fibres. Mitochondria of RTT fibroblasts show a hyperfused morphology and CNF1 decreases the mitochondrial mass leaving substantially unaltered the mitochondrial dynamic. From a functional perspective, CNF1 induces mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and activation of AKT in RTT fibroblasts. Given that mitochondrial quality control is altered in RTT, our results are suggestive of a reactivation of the damaged mitochondria removal via mitophagy restoration. These effects can be at the basis of the beneficial effects of CNF1 in RTT.
Double‐contrast barium enema is no longer justified as a backup examination for colonoscopy in the population screening program: Population study in an organized fecal immunochemical test‐based screening program
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Feng , Su Chiu‐Wen , Hsu Chen‐Yang , Yen Amy Ming‐Fang , Chen Sam Li‐Sheng , Chiu Sherry Yueh‐Hsia , Lee Yi‐Chia , Hsu Tsui‐Hsia , Lin Li‐Ju , Chia Shu‐Li , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Chen Hsiu‐Hsi , Chiu Han‐Mo ,   for the Taiwan Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim

Currently, some countries still acknowledge double‐contrast barium enema (DCBE) as a backup confirmatory examination when colonoscopy is not feasible or incomplete in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs. This study aims to compare the performance of colonoscopy and DCBE in terms of the risk of incident CRC after negative results in the fecal immunochemical test (FIT)‐based Taiwan Colorectal Cancer Screening Program.

Methods

Subjects who had positive FITs and received confirmatory exams, either colonoscopy or DCBE, without the findings of neoplastic lesions from 2004 to 2013 in the screening program comprised the study cohort. Both the colonoscopy and DCBE subcohorts were followed until the end of 2018 and linked to the Taiwan Cancer Registry to identify incident CRC cases. Multivariate analysis was conducted to compare the risk of incident CRC in both subcohorts after controlling for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 102 761 colonoscopies and 5885 DCBEs were performed after positive FITs without neoplastic findings during the study period. By the end of 2018, 2113 CRCs (2.7 per 1000 person‐years) and 368 CRCs (7.6 per 1000 person‐years) occurred in the colonoscopy and DCBE subcohorts, respectively. After adjusting for major confounders, DCBE had a significantly higher risk of incident CRC than colonoscopy, with an adjusted HR of 2.81 (95% CI = 2.51–3.14).

Conclusions

In the FIT screening program, using DCBE as a backup examination was associated with a nearly threefold risk of incident CRC compared with colonoscopy, demonstrating that it is no longer justified as a backup examination for incomplete colonoscopy.
Adoption of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors among prescribers caring for nursing home residents
Authors: Hayes Kaleen N. , Berry Sarah D. , Munshi Medha N. , Zullo Andrew R.
Published: April 2023

Background

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2I) use has increased among community‐dwelling populations, but little is known about how clinicians have prescribed them for US nursing home (NH) residents. We described the adoption of SGLT2Is by prescribers caring for long‐stay NH residents by clinician specialty and over time, compared with sulfonylureas, an older diabetes medication class.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of prescribers of SGLT2Is and sulfonylureas for all long‐stay US NH residents aged 65 years or older (2017–2019). Using 100% of Medicare Part D claims linked to prescriber characteristics data, we identified all dispensings of SGLT2Is and sulfonylureas for long‐stay NH residents and their associated prescribers. We described the distribution of prescriber specialties for each drug class over time as well as the number of NH residents prescribed SGLT2s versus sulfonylureas. We estimated the proportions of prescribers who prescribed both drug classes versus only sulfonylureas or only SGLT2Is.

Results

We identified 36,427 unique prescribers (SGLT2I: N = 5811; sulfonylureas: N = 35,443) for 117,667 NH residents between 2017 and 2019. For both classes, family medicine and internal medicine physicians accounted for most prescriptions (75%–81%). Most clinicians (87%) prescribed only sulfonylureas, 2% prescribed SGLT2Is only, and 11% prescribed both. Geriatricians were least likely to prescribe only SGLT2Is. We observed an increase in the number of residents with SGLT2I use from n = 2344 in 2017 to n = 5748 in 2019.

Conclusions

Among NH residents, most clinicians have not incorporated SGLT2Is into their prescribing for diabetes, but the extent of use is increasing. Family medicine and internal medicine physicians prescribed the majority of diabetes medications for NH residents, and geriatricians were the least likely to prescribe only SGLT2Is. Future research should explore provider concerns regarding SGLT2I prescribing, particularly adverse events.
An overview of the resilience world: Proceedings of the American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging State of Resilience Science Conference
Authors: Abadir Peter M. , Bandeen‐Roche Karen , Bergeman Cindy , Bennett David , Davis Daniel , Kind Amy , LeBrasseur Nathan , Stern Yaakov , Varadhan Ravi , Whitson Heather E.
Published: April 2023

Resilience, which relates to one's ability to respond to stressors, typically declines with age and the development of comorbid conditions in older organisms. Although progress has been made to improve our understanding of resilience in older adults, disciplines have employed different frameworks and definitions to study various aspects of older adults' response to acute or chronic stressors. “Overview of the Resilience World: State of the Science,” a bench‐to‐bedside conference on October 12–13, 2022, was sponsored by the American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging. This conference, summarized in this report, explored commonalities and differences among the frameworks of resilience most commonly used in aging research in the three domains of resilience: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. These three main domains are intertwined, and stressors in one domain can lead to effects in other domains. The themes of the conference sessions included underlying contributors to resilience, the dynamic nature of resilience throughout the life span, and the role of resilience in health equity. Although participants did not agree on a single definition of “resilience(s),” they identified common core elements of a definition that can be applied to all domains and noted unique features that are domain specific. The presentations and discussions led to recommendations for new longitudinal studies of the impact of exposures to stressors on resilience in older adults, the use of new and existing cohort study data, natural experiments (including the COVID‐19 pandemic), and preclinical models for resilience research, as well as translational research to bring findings on resilience to patient care.
Potential benefits of intranasal neuropeptide Y include sustained extinction of fear memory
Authors: Sabban Esther L. , Serova Lidia , Nahvi Roxanna J. , Liu Xiaoping
Published: April 2023

Compelling evidence in animals and humans from a variety of approaches demonstrate that neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain can provide resilience to development of many stress‐elicited symptoms. Preclinical experiments demonstrated that delivery of NPY by intranasal infusion to rats shortly after single exposure to traumatic stress in the single prolonged stress (SPS) rodent model of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can prevent development of many relevant behavioral alterations weeks later, including heightened anxiety and depressive‐like behavior. Here, we examined responses to intranasal NPY in the absence of stress to evaluate the safety profile. Rats were administered intranasal NPY (150 μg/rat) or equal volume of vehicle (distilled water), and 7 days later they were tested on the elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST). There was no significant difference in the number of entries or duration in the open or closed arms, or in their anxiety index. Defecation on the EPM and immobility on the FST, measures of anxiety and depressive‐like behavior respectively, were similar in both groups. To further characterize potential benefits of intranasal NPY, its effect on fear memory and extinction, important features of PTSD, were examined. Intranasal administration of NPY at the time of the traumatic stress had a profound effect on fear conditioning a week later. It prevented the SPS‐triggered impairment in the retention of extinguished behavior, both contextual and cued. The findings support the translation of non‐invasive intranasal NPY delivery to the brain for PTSD‐behaviors including impairments in sustained extinction of fear memories.
Managing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: A qualitative interview study with women and healthcare professionals
Authors: Lumley Elizabeth , O'Cathain Alicia , Drabble Sarah , Pye Clare , Brian Kate , Metwally Mostafa
Published: April 2023

Aim

To explore the experiences of women who have had ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and healthcare professionals who care for them.

Background

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a side effect of fertility treatment. Little research exists internationally that explores the experiences of women who have had this condition, or the healthcare professionals who manage it.

Design

Qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

Eighteen interviews with women who had experienced ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (n = 10) and healthcare professionals (n = 8) in six UK fertility centres. Framework analysis was used. This paper is reported following COREQ guidelines.

Results

Women described a range of symptoms and severity, sometimes experiencing worrying physical health problems such as abdominal swelling and shortness of breath. The combination of the symptoms, and their management, on delaying future fertility treatment could cause emotional distress. Healthcare professionals at different centres described variation in practice, which generally involved ‘active monitoring’ until symptoms became severe, when women would be hospitalised. Women expressed feeling ‘left in limbo’ while waiting for symptoms to improve or worsen, and described a lack of control during this waiting period. Healthcare professionals felt they provided adequate information about ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and its management. This, however, did not align with women's perceptions that information, including potential delays to their fertility treatment, was missing. There was similar mismatch between women's and healthcare professionals' views of decision‐making about fertility treatment following ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, including women's concerns about having to make rushed, unplanned decisions about their fertility treatment when they did not feel adequately informed to do so.

Conclusion

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and its management can have a significant physical and emotional impact on women, and influence their fertility treatment. Improvements could be made to the information women receive about this condition, its management and its implications for wider fertility treatment.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Nurses have the skills and knowledge to support women through the physical and emotional stresses of fertility treatment. Therefore, they are well placed to provide specialist information and support for OHSS and ensure women are fully informed about all aspects of the condition, including how its management might delay fertility treatment.
A graph‐based method for quantifying crack patterns on reinforced concrete shear walls
Authors: Bazrafshan Pedram , On Thinh , Basereh Sina , Okumus Pinar , Ebrahimkhanlou Arvin
Published: April 2023

This paper presents an innovative method to quantify damage based on surface cracks of reinforced concrete shear walls (RCSWs). The key idea is to use artificial intelligence and convert crack patterns to graphs. In this method, the mathematics of graph theory is used to extract information (graph‐based features) from crack patterns and use them for crack quantification. The proposed graph features are used in linear regression and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation to predict the mechanical features calculated for each RCSW: Park and Ang damage index and the dissipated energy. Among the three general stages of damage, which are safe, questionable, and not safe, this paper focuses on quantifying the second stage. To validate the approach, crack images of three RCSWs are used. The walls had different aspect ratios (0.54, 0.94, and 2.00) and were subject to quasi‐static cyclic loading. Regression results demonstrate low root mean squared errors and high coefficients of determination (R2 scores above 0.845). This proves the ability of the proposed graph‐based method in quantifying damage based on surface crack patterns.
What experiences constitute failures? High school students’ reflections on their struggles in STEM classes
Authors: Lin‐Siegler Xiaodong , Lovett Benjamin J. , Du Yiran , Yamane Kan , Wang Keying , Hadis Syntia
Published: April 2023

Inculcating the capacity to adapt successfully to failures is essential for talent development in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Despite its importance, this capacity to learn from failure is among the least understood processes in the field of talent development. This study aims to investigate how students conceptualize and react to failures and whether there is a correlation between students’ conceptualizations of failure, emotional reactions to it, and academic performance. We invited 150 high‐achieving high school students to share, interpret, and label their most memorable struggles in their STEM classes. Most of their struggles focused on the learning process itself, such as poor understanding of the subject matter, insufficient motivation or effort, or adopting ineffective learning strategies. Poor performance outcomes, such as poor test scores and bad grades, were not mentioned as frequently as the learning process. Students who labeled their struggle experiences as failures tended to focus more on performance outcomes, whereas students who labeled their struggle experiences as neither failures nor successes focused more on the learning process. Higher‐achieving students were also less likely to label their struggles as failures than less‐high achievers. Implications for classroom instruction are discussed with a particular focus on talent development in STEM fields.
Presidential partisanship and regulatory review
Authors: Benn Annie
Published: April 2023

Increasing partisanship is a well‐studied feature of contemporary American politics, but how that partisanship is reflected in executive‐branch administration is relatively under‐examined. This article addresses this question in the context of centralized regulatory review, exploring existing theories of central clearance as a tool of ideological alignment or as a deregulatory mechanism. I first corroborate Haeder and Yackee's finding that ideological misalignment between the president and promulgating agencies does not affect review outcomes. Additionally, while Haeder and Yackee find that more liberal agencies' rules are changed more often, I instead find that the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) is more likely to request changes under Democratic than under Republican presidents, complicating the possibility of OIRA review as a deregulatory mechanism. These results suggest the need for new theories of the role of regulatory review in the context of the administrative presidency.
People are scarier than ghosts? Workplace haters and knowledge sharing
Authors: Huang Mei‐Jun
Published: April 2023

Objective.In the workplace, colleague relationship deeply affects employees’ work attitude and behavior, but it is rarely taken seriously. Based on the cognitive‐affective personality system theory and social network theory, this study examined the influence of three common workplace haters (negative gossiper, two‐faced person, and loafer) on employee well‐being and knowledge sharing and explores the moderating effect of organizational social capital. Method.The study used longitudinal design, three‐wave, and 409 valid supervisor–employee pairs (233 direct supervisors and 409 employees) from 10 companies in Taiwan to test these hypothetical relationships. Results. The findings of this study showed that: (1) workplace haters negatively affects employee well‐being; (2) employee well‐being positively affects knowledge sharing; (3) employee well‐being mediates the relationship between workplace haters and knowledge sharing; and (4) organizational social capital moderates the relationship between workplace haters and employee well‐being. Conclusion. The study has important contributions to the literature on workplace haters, coworker interaction, and social capital. Implications for behavioral researchers and human resource managers are discussed.
A missense substitution in exon 1 generates the first HLA‐DRB1 allele with Valine at residue ‐17, DRB1*04:354
Authors: Gil Etayo Francisco Javier , Balas Antonio , Niño Ramírez Jairo Eduardo , Terradillos Sánchez Pilar , Tejeda Velarde Amalia
Published: April 2023

A missense nucleotide substitution in codon ‐17 in the leader peptide results in the novel HLA‐DRB1*04:354 allele.
GeoGraphViz: Geographically constrained 3D force‐directed graph for knowledge graph visualization
Authors: Wang Sizhe , Li Wenwen , Gu Zhining
Published: April 2023

Knowledge graphs are a key technique for linking and integrating cross‐domain data, concepts, tools, and knowledge to enable data‐driven analytics. As much of the world's data have become massive in size, visualizing graph entities and their interrelationships intuitively and interactively has become a crucial task for ingesting and better utilizing graph content to support semantic reasoning, discovering hidden knowledge discovering, and better scientific understanding of geophysical and social phenomena. Despite the fact that many such phenomena (e.g., disasters) have clear spatial footprints and geographic properties, their location information is considered only as a textual label in existing graph visualization tools, limiting their capability to reveal the geospatial distribution patterns of the graph nodes. In addition, most graph visualization techniques rely on 2D graph visualization, which constrains the dimensions of information that can be presented and lacks support for graph structure examination from multiple angles. To tackle the above challenges, we developed a novel 3D map‐based graph visualization algorithm to enable interactive exploration of graph content and patterns in a spatially explicit manner. The algorithm extends a 3D force directed graph by integrating a web map, an additional geolocational force, and a force balancing variable that allows for the dynamic adjustment of the 3D graph structure and layout. This mechanism helps create a balanced graph view between the semantic forces among the graph nodes and the attractive force from a geolocation to a graph node. Our solution offers a new perspective in visualizing and understanding spatial entities and events in a knowledge graph.
Co‐expression network analysis of diverse wheat landraces reveals markers of early thermotolerance and a candidate master regulator of thermotolerance genes
Authors: Barratt Liam J. , He Zhesi , Fellgett Alison , Wang Lihong , Mason Simon McQueen , Bancroft Ian , Harper Andrea L.
Published: April 2023

Triticum aestivum L. (bread wheat) is a crop relied upon by billions of people around the world, as a major source of both income and calories. Rising global temperatures, however, pose a genuine threat to the livelihood of these people, as wheat growth and yields are extremely vulnerable to damage by heat stress. Here we present the YoGI wheat landrace panel, comprising 342 accessions that show remarkable phenotypic and genetic diversity thanks to their adaptation to different climates. We quantified the abundance of 110 790 transcripts from the panel and used these data to conduct weighted co‐expression network analysis and to identify hub genes in modules associated with abiotic stress tolerance. We found that the expression of three hub genes, all heat‐shock proteins (HSPs), were significantly correlated with early thermotolerance in a validation panel of landraces. These hub genes belong to the same module, with one (TraesCS4D01G207500.1) being a candidate master‐regulator potentially controlling the expression of the other two hub genes, as well as a suite of other HSPs and heat‐stress transcription factors (HSFs). In this work, therefore, we identify three validated hub genes, the expression of which can serve as markers of thermotolerance during early development, and suggest that TraesCS4D01G207500.1 is a potential master regulator of HSP and HSF expression – presenting the YoGI landrace panel as an invaluable tool for breeders wishing to determine and introduce novel alleles into modern varieties, for the production of climate‐resilient crops.
Development and Predictive Validation of the Brazilian Adductor Performance Test for Estimating the Chance of Hip Adductor Injuries in Elite Soccer Athletes
Authors: de Queiroz Jeffeson Hildo Medeiros , Frota João Paulo , dos Reis Filipe Abdala , de Oliveira Rodrigo Ribeiro
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To develop and validate the Brazilian Adductor Performance Test (BAPT) for predicting hip adductor muscle injuries in elite soccer athletes. Methods: A total of 108 soccer athletes were assessed, followed up for 3 months, and evaluated for a history of adductor injury 6 months before BAPT evaluation. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used as the normality test. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare BAPT scores between injured and uninjured athletes. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify the athletes’ chances of injury based on their BAPT scores. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the cutoff point for the number of repetitions in the BAPT and Spearman bivariate correlation and identify factors potentially related to the test score. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine interexaminer agreement. The level of significance was set at 95%. Results: The BAPT scores for hip adductor injury history did not differ significantly (P = .08). A significant deficit was identified in the BAPT scores of the injured athletes at the 3-month follow-up (P = .001). The cutoff point identified was 33 repetitions. Low BAPT scores increased the chance of injury by 20% (odds ratio, 1.20%; P = .001). The interexaminer agreement was .96 (P = .001). Conclusion: BAPT can be used to identify athletes most likely to sustain hip adductor muscle injuries, indirectly reducing the rate of this injury in soccer clubs.
Capturing the Complex Relationship Between Internal and External Training Load: A Data-Driven Approach
Authors: van der Zwaard Stephan , Otter Ruby T.A. , Kempe Matthias , Knobbe Arno , Stoter Inge K.
Published: April 2023

Background: Training load is typically described in terms of internal and external load. Investigating the coupling of internal and external training load is relevant to many sports. Here, continuous kernel-density estimation (KDE) may be a valuable tool to capture and visualize this coupling. Aim: Using training load data in speed skating, we evaluated how well bivariate KDE plots describe the coupling of internal and external load and differentiate between specific training sessions, compared to training impulse scores or intensity distribution into training zones. Methods: On-ice training sessions of 18 young (sub)elite speed skaters were monitored for velocity and heart rate during 2 consecutive seasons. Training session types were obtained from the coach’s training scheme, including endurance, interval, tempo, and sprint sessions. Differences in training load between session types were assessed using Kruskal–Wallis or Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests for training impulse and KDE scores, respectively. Results: Training impulse scores were not different between training session types, except for extensive endurance sessions. However, all training session types differed when comparing KDEs for heart rate and velocity (both P < .001). In addition, 2D KDE plots of heart rate and velocity provide detailed insights into the (subtle differences in) coupling of internal and external training load that could not be obtained by 2D plots using training zones. Conclusion: 2D KDE plots provide a valuable tool to visualize and inform coaches on the (subtle differences in) coupling of internal and external training load for training sessions. This will help coaches design better training schemes aiming at desired training adaptations.
The Effects of 6-Week Training Cessation on Anthropometrics, in-Water Force, Performance, and Kinematics of Young Competitive Swimmers: A Maturity Development Approach
Authors: Santos Catarina C. , Costa Mário J. , Marinho Daniel A.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To examine the effects of 6 weeks of training cessation on young swimmers’ anthropometrics, in-water force, performance, and kinematics according to biological maturation. Methods: Eighteen swimmers (7 girls: 12.43 [0.73] y old; 11 boys: 13.27 [0.79] y old) were assessed pretest and posttest 6 weeks apart. Body mass, stature, arm span, and hand surface area were measured as anthropometric parameters, and biological maturation was estimated (ie, peak height velocity [PHV]). The in-water force was retrieved during 2 bouts of 25-m front crawl, allowing the estimation of the symmetry index. The time to complete the 25-m was considered the performance outcome, whereas velocity, stroke rate, stroke length, stroke index, and arm stroke efficiency were used as kinematic parameters. Results: All anthropometric parameters increased during the detraining period. Although the in-water force remained unchanged, the magnitude of the effects was large for the symmetry index (P = .021; d = 0.87). For the pooled sample, neither performance nor kinematics changed after detraining, but the stroke index increased (P = .054; d = 0.27). Pre-PHV swimmers showed unchanged values in all parameters, despite natural growth. Mid-PHV swimmers showed a similar trend in addition to reductions in stroke rate (P = .040; d = 0.60) and increases in stroke length (P = .043; d = 1.00). Conclusions: In-water force, performance, and kinematics (25-m front crawl) were not impaired after 6 weeks of training cessation in a group of young swimmers. Given interindividual and intraindividual differences according to maturity status, coaches should be aware that distinct trends within the group can be found.
Physical Activity Interventions for Adults Aged 60+ Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cuadra Gabriela , Oliveira Juliana S. , Pinheiro Marina B. , Tiedemann Anne , Sherrington Catherine , Pivotto Luiza , Khalatbari-Soltani Saman , Sharma Sweekriti , Costa Nathalia
Published: April 2023

Background: Most reviews investigating physical activity interventions for older people consider evidence primarily from high-income countries. This review examined physical activity interventions for older people from low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We searched 9 electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized trials studies investigating physical activity interventions for people aged 60+ in low- and middle-income countries. Following study selection, one reviewer extracted relevant data. A second reviewer double-checked the data extraction of a randomly selected sample of interventions (20%). Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: We included 234 studies from 19 countries, investigating 259 distinct physical activity interventions. Studies were mostly conducted in upper middle-income countries (89%), often assessing physical activity interventions through randomized controlled trials (82%). Most studies investigated a mixed population in terms of sex (68%), with a mean age between 65 and 70 years (36%), not selected on the basis of having a specific health condition (55%). The intervention most commonly investigated was structured exercise (63%) and “no intervention” was the most frequent comparator (47%). The outcomes measured more often were intrinsic capacity (59%) and functional ability (51%), whereas physical activity, falls, and social outcomes were rare. Only 2 studies targeted underserved populations. Conclusion: Although we identified a substantial number of randomized controlled trials, most evidence for physical activity interventions for older people in low- and middle-income countries is limited to upper middle-income countries. Gaps identified included interventions targeting populations with underserved backgrounds, using sport as an intervention, and assessing the impact of physical activity interventions on physical activity, falls, and social outcomes.
Oncogenic
CDK13
mutations impede nuclear RNA surveillance
Authors: Insco Megan L. , Abraham Brian J. , Dubbury Sara J. , Kaltheuner Ines H. , Dust Sofia , Wu Constance , Chen Kevin Y. , Liu David , Bellaousov Stanislav , Cox Anna M. , Martin Benjamin J. E. , Zhang Tongwu , Ludwig Calvin G. , Fabo Tania , Modhurima Rodsy , Esgdaille Dakarai E. , Henriques Telmo , Brown Kevin M. , Chanock Stephen J. , Geyer Matthias , Adelman Karen , Sharp Phillip A. , Young Richard A. , Boutz Paul L. , Zon Leonard I.
Published: April 2023

RNA surveillance pathways detect and degrade defective transcripts to ensure RNA fidelity. We found that disrupted nuclear RNA surveillance is oncogenic. Cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (
CDK13
) is mutated in melanoma, and patient-mutated
CDK13
accelerates zebrafish melanoma.
CDK13
mutation causes aberrant RNA stabilization. CDK13 is required for ZC3H14 phosphorylation, which is necessary and sufficient to promote nuclear RNA degradation. Mutant CDK13 fails to activate nuclear RNA surveillance, causing aberrant protein-coding transcripts to be stabilized and translated. Forced aberrant RNA expression accelerates melanoma in zebrafish. We found recurrent mutations in genes encoding nuclear RNA surveillance components in many malignancies, establishing nuclear RNA surveillance as a tumor-suppressive pathway. Activating nuclear RNA surveillance is crucial to avoid accumulation of aberrant RNAs and their ensuing consequences in development and disease.