bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe hypothyroidism‐induced rhabdomyolysis: A case report
Authors: Baghi Mohamed Abdunasser , Sirajudeen Jaseem , Naushad Vamanjore A. , Alarbi Khaled S. , Benshaban Nada
Published: December 2021

Hypothyroidism causing rhabdomyolysis is a known but an uncommon entity. Hashimoto's thyroiditis causing rhabdomyolysis in the absence of precipitating factors is even rarer. Here, we report a 42‐year‐old previously healthy man with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated by severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in the absence of precipitating factors. The diagnosis was based on his clinical presentation and laboratory investigations, and he was successfully treated with intravenous fluid therapy and oral levothyroxine.
Can betamethasone prevent Nicolau syndrome when coadministered with penicillin? A case report
Authors: Mojarrad Paria , Barikbin Behnaz , Oghazian Mohammad Bagher
Published: December 2021

We present a 33‐year‐old female patient with Nicolau syndrome (NS) who received one injection of benzathine penicillin and one injection of betamethasone to the right buttock, and one injection of benzathine penicillin to the left. NS was seen only in the left buttock, where it was intramuscularly injected with penicillin benzathine alone.
Bayesian clustering for continuous‐time hidden Markov models
Authors: Luo Yu , Stephens David A. , Buckeridge David L.
Published: December 2021

We develop clustering procedures for longitudinal trajectories based on a continuous‐time hidden Markov model (CTHMM) and a generalized linear observation model. Specifically, in this article we carry out finite and infinite mixture model‐based clustering for a CTHMM and achieve inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). For a finite mixture model with a prior on the number of components, we implement reversible‐jump MCMC to facilitate the trans‐dimensional move between models with different numbers of clusters. For a Dirichlet process mixture model, we utilize restricted Gibbs sampling split–merge proposals to improve the performance of the MCMC algorithm. We apply our proposed algorithms to simulated data as well as a real‐data example, and the results demonstrate the desired performance of the new sampler.
Using a multilevel implementation strategy to facilitate the screening and treatment of tobacco use in the outpatient urology clinic: A prospective hybrid type I study
Authors: Matulewicz Richard S. , Bassett Jeffrey C. , Kwan Lorna , Sherman Scott E. , McCarthy William J. , Saigal Christopher S. , Gore John L.
Published: December 2021

Background

Urologists frequently treat patients for tobacco‐related conditions but infrequently engage in evidence‐based practices (EBPs) that screen for and treat tobacco use. Improving the use of EBPs will help to identify smokers, promote cessation, and improve patients' health outcomes.

Methods

A prospective type I hybrid effectiveness‐implementation study was performed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of using a multilevel implementation strategy to improve the use of tobacco EBPs. All urology providers at outpatient urology clinics within the Veterans Health Administration Greater Los Angeles and all patients presenting for a new urology consultation were included. The primary outcome was whether a patient was screened for tobacco use at the time of consultation. Secondary outcomes included a patient's willingness to quit, chosen quit strategy, and subsequent engagement in quit attempts.

Results

In total, 5706 consecutive veterans were seen for a new consultation during the 30‐month study period. Thirty‐six percent of all visits were for a tobacco‐related urologic diagnosis. The percentage of visits that included tobacco use screening increased from 18% (before implementation) to 57% in the implementation phase and to 60% during the maintenance phase. There was significant provider‐level variation in adherence to screening. Of all screened patients, 38% were willing to quit, and most patients chose a “cold turkey” method; 22% of the patients elected referral to a formal smoking cessation clinic, and 24% chose telephone counseling. Among those willing to quit, 39% and 49% made a formal quit attempt by 3 and 6 months, respectively.

Conclusions

A strategy that includes provider education and a customized clinical decision support tool can facilitate provider use of tobacco EBPs in a surgery subspecialty clinic.
Guide to the Larval Zebrafish‐Aspergillus Infection Model
Authors: Schoen Taylor J. , Huttenlocher Anna , Keller Nancy P.
Published: December 2021

The larval zebrafish is an increasingly popular host model for the study of Aspergillosis. The visual accessibility, genetic resources, small size, and ease of handling make zebrafish larvae compatible with higher‐throughput investigation of fungal virulence and host resistance mechanisms. This article provides the protocols needed to prepare Aspergillus fumigatus spore inocula and use microinjection to infect the hindbrain ventricle of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, we include protocols for analyzing host survival, immobilizing larvae for live imaging, and suggestions for image analysis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Support Protocol 1: Preparing Aspergillus spores

Support Protocol 2: Dechorionating zebrafish embryos

Support Protocol 3: Generating transparent larvae with 1‐phenyl 2‐thiourea (PTU)

Basic Protocol 1: Hindbrain microinjection of zebrafish larvae with Aspergillus spores

Basic Protocol 2: Survival analysis

Basic Protocol 3: Multi‐day imaging of infected larvae

Alternate Protocol: Embedding larvae in low‐melting‐point agarose
Can Charge‐Modulated Metal‐Organic Frameworks Achieve High‐Performance CO2 Capture and Separation over H2, N2, and CH4?
Authors: Wang Maohuai , Kong Lingyan , Lu Xiaoqing , Wu Chi‐Man Lawrence
Published: December 2021

CO2 capture and separation by using charge‐modulated adsorbent materials is a promising strategy to reduce CO2 emissions. Herein, three TM‐HAB (TM=Co, Ni, and Cu; HAB=hexa‐aminobenzene) metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) were evaluated as charge‐modulated CO2 capture and separation materials by using density functional theory and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that each TM‐HAB presented a high electrical conductivity and structural stability when injecting charges. The CO2 adsorption energy increased from 0.211 to 2.091 eV on Co‐HAB, 0.262 to 2.119 eV on Ni‐HAB, and 0.904 to 2.803 eV on Cu‐HAB, respectively, with the increase in charge state from 0.0 to 3.0 e−. Co‐HAB and Ni‐HAB were better charge‐modulated CO2 capture materials with less structure deformation based on energy decomposition analyses. The kinetic process demonstrated that considerably low energy consumptions of 0.911 and 1.589 GJ ton−1 CO2 were observed for a complete adsorption–desorption cycle on Co‐HAB and Ni‐HAB. All charged MOFs, especially Co‐HAB and Ni‐HAB, exhibited higher CO2 adsorption energies and adsorption capacities than those of H2, N2, and CH4, thereby exhibiting high CO2 selectivities. Interaction analysis confirmed that the injecting charges had a more pronounced enhancement in the coulombic interactions between CO2 and MOFs. The results of this work highlight Co‐HAB and Ni‐HAB as promising charge‐modulated CO2 capture and separation materials with controllable CO2 capture, high selectivity, and low energy consumption.
The origin and repopulation of microglia
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Cao Yue , Zhang Xin , Gu Xinyang , Mao Ying , Peng Bo
Published: December 2021

Microglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system. There is growing interest in the study of microglia due to their implication in neurodevelopment, acute injury, and neuropsychiatric disorders. They undergo birth, death, and regeneration during the lifetime. Although data on the ontogeny of microglia have been studied for decades, the birth and repopulation of microglia remain legendary and mysterious. In this review, we discuss recent studies that provide new insights into the origin and regeneration of microglia. Modulating the development of microglia may offer new therapeutic opportunities for preventing deleterious effects of inflammation and controlling excessive inflammation in brain diseases.
Microglial TREM2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Xie Manling , Zhao Shunyi , Bosco Dale B. , Nguyen Aivi , Wu Long‐Jun
Published: December 2021

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is an aggressive motor neuron degenerative disease characterized by selective loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. The mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression are poorly understood. The involvement of nonmotor neuraxis emphasizes the contribution of glial cells in disease progress. Microglia comprise a unique subset of glial cells and are the principal immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is a surface receptor that, within the CNS, is exclusively expressed on microglia and plays crucial roles in microglial proliferation, migration, activation, metabolism, and phagocytosis. Genetic evidence has linked TREM2 to neurodegenerative diseases including ALS, but its function in ALS pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this review, we summarize how microglial activation, with a specific focus on TREM2 function, affects ALS progression clinically and experimentally. Understanding microglial TREM2 function will help pinpoint the molecular target for ALS treatment.
Predicted declines in suitable habitat for greater one‐horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) under future climate and land use change scenarios
Authors: Pant Ganesh , Maraseni Tek , Apan Armando , Allen Benjamin L.
Published: December 2021

Rapidly changing climate is likely to modify the spatial distribution of both flora and fauna. Land use change continues to alter the availability and quality of habitat and further intensifies the effects of climate change on wildlife species. We used an ensemble modeling approach to predict changes in habitat suitability for an iconic wildlife species, greater one‐horned rhinoceros due to the combined effects of climate and land use changes. We compiled an extensive database on current rhinoceros distribution and selected nine ecologically meaningful environmental variables for developing ensemble models of habitat suitability using ten different species distribution modeling algorithms in the BIOMOD2 R package; and we did this under current climatic conditions and then projected them onto two possible climate change scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5) and two different time frames (2050 and 2070). Out of ten algorithms, random forest performed the best, and five environmental variables—distance from grasslands, mean temperature of driest quarter, distance from wetlands, annual precipitation, and slope, contributed the most in the model. The ensemble model estimated the current suitable habitat of rhinoceros to be 2610 km2, about 1.77% of the total area of Nepal. The future habitat suitability under the lowest and highest emission scenarios was estimated to be: (1) 2325 and 1904 km2 in 2050; and (2) 2287 and 1686 km2 in 2070, respectively. Our results suggest that over one‐third of the current rhinoceros habitat would become unsuitable within a period of 50 years, with the predicted declines being influenced to a greater degree by climatic changes than land use changes. We have recommended several measures to moderate these impacts, including relocation of the proposed Nijgad International Airport given that a considerable portion of potential rhinoceros habitat will be lost if the airport is constructed on the currently proposed site.
Individual variation in feeding morphology, not diet, can facilitate the success of generalist species in urban ecosystems
Authors: Marques Piatã , Zandonà Eugenia , Mazzoni Rosana , El‐Sabaawi Rana
Published: December 2021

Generalist species dominate urban ecosystems. The success of urban generalists is often related to a plastic diet and feeding traits that allow them to take advantage of a variety of food resources provided by humans in cities. The classification of a species as a generalist is commonly based on mean estimates of diet‐ and feeding‐related traits. However, there is increasing evidence that a generalist population can consist of individual specialists. In such cases, estimates based on mean can hide important individual variation that can explain trophic ecology and the success of urban dwellers. Here, we focus on guppies, Poecilia reticulata, a widespread alien fish species which has invaded both urban and non‐urban systems, to explore the effect of urbanization on individual diet and feeding morphology (cranium shape). Our results show that guppies in urban and non‐urban populations are not individual specialists, having a similar generalist diet despite the high population density. However, there is important individual variation in cranium shape which allow urban guppies to feed more efficiently on highly nutritious food. Our data suggest that individual variation in feeding efficiency can be a critical overlooked trait that facilitates the success of urban generalists.
Unveiling the Optimal Interfacial Synergy of Plasma‐Modulated Trimetallic Mn‐Ni‐Co Phosphides: Tailoring Deposition Ratio for Complementary Water Splitting
Authors: Salem Kholoud E. , Saleh Amina A. , Khedr Ghada E. , Shaheen Basamat S. , Allam Nageh K.
Published: December 2021

Designing highly active, durable, and nonprecious metal‐based bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water electrolysis is of urgent scientific importance to realize the sustainable hydrogen production, which remains a grand challenge. Herein, an innovative approach is demonstrated to synthesize flower‐like 3D homogenous trimetallic Mn, Ni, Co phosphide catalysts directly on nickel foam via electrodeposition followed by plasma phosphidation. The electrochemical activity of the catalysts with varying Mn:Ni:Co ratios is assessed to identify the optimal composition, demonstrating that the equimolar trimetallic phosphide yields an outstanding HER catalytic performance with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an ultra‐low overpotential of ~14 mV, outperforming the best reported electrocatalysts. This is asserted by the DFT calculations, revealing strong interaction of the metals and the P atom, resulting in enhanced water activation and optimized GH* values for the HER process. Moreover, this optimal composition appreciably catalyzes the OER by exposing more intrinsic active species in‐situ formed on the catalyst surface during the OER. Therefore, the Mn1‐Ni1‐Co1‐P‐(O)/NF catalyst exhibits a decreased overpotential of ~289 mV at 10 mA cm−2. More importantly, the electrocatalyst sustains perfect durability up to 48 h at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and continued 5000 cycling stability for both HER and OER. Meanwhile, the assembled MNC‐P/NF||MNC‐P/NF full water electrolyzer system attains an extremely low cell voltage of 1.48 V at 10 mA cm−2. Significantly, the robust stability of the overall system results in a remarkable current retention of ~96% after a continuous 50‐h run. Therefore, this study provides a facile design and a scalable construction of superb bifunctional ternary MNC‐phosphide electrocatalysts for efficient electrochemical energy production systems.
A review of current rate‐dependent phase transformations of lithium metal orthosilicate cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Wiriya Narinthorn , Kanaphan Yutthanakon , Hongtong Rattiya , Kaewmala Songyoot , Nash Jeffrey , Limphirat Wanwisa , Srilomsak Sutham , Thipthanaratchaphong Nantiya , Meethong Nonglak
Published: December 2021

Lithium metal orthosilicates, Li2MSiO4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and their mixtures), have been attracting significant attention as alternative cathodes for next‐generation high energy Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). The high capacity of these cathodes is attributed to two reversible transitions, those of Li2MSiO4 to LiMSiO4 and LiMSiO4 to MSiO4 phases involving two Li+ ions per mole. However, due to their complex structures and phase transformation behaviors, these materials are not yet available for practical commercial applications. Rate capability is one of the most important properties of cathode materials that are affected by phase transformations. This review will comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of the rate‐dependent phase transformations of Li2MSiO4 materials based on various characterization tools to facilitate future developments of these high potential cathode materials for future LIBs.
A YAP1::TFE3 cutaneous low‐grade fibromyxoid neoplasm: A novel entity!
Authors: Patton Ashley , Bridge Julia A. , Liebner David , Chung Catherine , Iwenofu O. Hans
Published: December 2021

Cutaneous fibromyxoid neoplasms (CFMN) comprise a vast category of benign and malignant tumors that include, but are not limited to, low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, myxoid solitary fibrous tumor, and myxoid neurofibroma with differing implications for treatment and prognosis. Herein, a case of CFMN arising as a painless, slow‐growing, flesh‐colored forearm mass in a 53‐year‐old female is presented. The neoplasm comprised of copious myxoid material with banal spindle cells, exhibiting mild hyperchromasia, dissecting the dermal collagen table. Focal perivascular accentuation of spindle cells was identified in the absence of vasoformative features. Immunohistochemically, lesional cells were strongly and diffusely positive for CD34 and multifocally for Factor XIIIa and epithelial membrane antigen while negative for CD31, ERG, FLI‐1, D2‐40, smooth muscle actin, Desmin, S100, HMB‐45, STAT6, MUC4, and keratins. RNA‐ and DNA‐sequencing identified a YAP1::TFE3 fusion transcript that were subsequently corroborated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for TFE3 (Xp11.23) locus rearrangement and strong, diffuse TFE3 immunoreactivity, respectively. To date, the YAP1::TFE3 fusion has only been identified in a subset of epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas and clear cell stromal tumors of the lung. This is the first report of a CFMN featuring a YAP1::TFE3 fusion (YAP1 Exon 1 and TFE3 Exon 4). The morphologic findings are unlike those previously described for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and suggest that this neoplasm may represent a yet unclassified or novel CFMN entity. Although the patient is 1‐year status postsurgical excision with no evidence of clinical recurrence, the clinical behavior of this novel entity remains to be fully characterized.
The clinical burden of cow's milk allergy in early childhood: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sorensen Katy , Meyer Rosan , Grimshaw Kate E. , Cawood Abbie L. , Acosta‐Mena Dionisio , Stratton Rebecca J.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is common in infants and children. Clinical presentations may vary, with a range of symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal (GI), skin and respiratory systems. Whilst the primary focus of research to date has been on the management of these symptoms, studies investigating the broader clinical burden of CMA are limited.

Methods

We performed a retrospective matched cohort study examining clinical data, including allergic symptoms and infections, extracted from case records within The Health Improvement Network database. A total of 6998 children (54% male) were included in the study, including 3499 with CMA (mean age at diagnosis 4.04 months) and 3499 matched controls without CMA, observed for a mean period of 4.2 years.

Results

GI, skin and respiratory symptoms affected significantly more children with CMA (p < .001), which recurred more often (p < .001), compared with children without CMA. More children with CMA had symptoms affecting multiple systems (p < .001). CMA was associated with a greater probability of these symptoms requiring hypoallergenic formula (HAF) prescription persisting over time (log‐rank test p < .0001, unadjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–0.85, p < .001), with a longer median duration of symptoms and HAF prescription compared with the duration of symptoms in those without CMA (3.48 vs. 2.96 years). GI, skin, respiratory and ear infections affected significantly more children with CMA than those without, increasing by 74% (p < .001), 20% (p < .001), 9% (p < .001), and 30% (p < .001) respectively. These infections also recurred more often among children with CMA, increasing by 62% for GI infections, 37% for skin and respiratory infections, and 44% for ear infections (p < .001).

Conclusions

This real‐world study provides evidence to suggest that CMA presents a significant clinical burden to children, which has implications for the healthcare system. Further research is warranted to understand the health economic impact of this, and the phenotypes, factors and management approaches which may affect clinical outcomes.
Impact of pandemic on development and demography in different continents and nations
Authors: Singh Pawan Kumar , Pandey Alok Kumar , Kiran Ravi , Bhatt Rajiv Kumar , Chouhan Anushka
Published: December 2021

This study has collected information of 145 countries to predict the effect of cases per million (CPM), tests per million (TPM), and proportion of people aged 65 and above (PAO) on the number of deaths per million DPM at the country and continent level. In addition, it evaluates the economic cost of tests, deaths, COVID‐19 cases in terms of reduction in GDP growth rate across the countries. This paper uses a different econometrics model, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression, and multinomial regression model. The robust regression model with M and MM‐estimation was also used due to leverage and residuals in country wise GDP database. A significant difference was found in deaths per million (DPM), TPM, number of COVID‐19 cases (CPM), and percentage of people aged 65 and above (PAO) across continents. The DPM is negatively associated with TPM, and it was relatively more effective in reducing DPM in Africa (0.32%) as compared to Asia (0.25%) and Europe (0.28). The results show that a 1% increase in the elderly population causes a 0.62% increase in DPM in Africa, while it caused a 2.31% increase in Europe. The study will be helpful in ascertaining the impact of these indicators in this pandemic and help in policy formation and decision‐making strategies to fight the COVID19 pandemic.
Rheopheresis for severe peripheral arterial disease in hemodialysis patients: A clinical series
Authors: Solignac Justine , Bataille Stanislas , Touzot Maxime , Bruner Flora , Bouchouareb Dammar , Brunet Philippe , Ridel Christophe , Robert Thomas
Published: December 2021

Background

Rheopheresis is a double‐filtration plasmapheresis that removes high‐molecular‐weight molecules from the plasma and thereby lowers blood viscosity. This treatment has been proposed in hemodialysis (HD) patients for chronic limb‐threatening ischemia (CLTI), but very few studies have evaluated the usefulness of this technique.

Principal Objective

To assess 1‐year amputation‐free survival (AFS) of HD patients suffering from CLTI treated by rheopheresis.

Material and Method

We conducted a retrospective study of 28 consecutive HD patients treated by rheopheresis in three French dialysis centers between 1 February 2017 and 30 April 2019 in two indications resulting from CLTI, namely chronic ulceration or recent minor amputation with delayed healing.

Results

One‐year AFS rate reached 53.6 (−19.8; +16.3)%. One‐year overall survival rate reached 67.9 (−20.5; +13.1)%. Main causes of death were infections and related to palliative care implying reduction or withdrawal of regular dialysis treatment. Hypotension episodes were the main rheopheresis adverse events with a prevalence rate of 13.5%. Rheopheresis sessions significantly reduced fibrinogen, C‐reactive protein, α2‐macroglobulin, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, IgM, and estimated plasma viscosity (P < .0001).

Conclusion

Rheopheresis may improve clinical outcomes of CLTI in HD patients. The assessment of rheopheresis effectiveness needs to be confirmed by a multicenter randomized controlled trial, such as the ongoing project in France (RHEO‐PAD, NCT: 03975946).
Association between serum inflammatory parameters and the disease severity in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Mardani Rajab , namavar Mehrnoush , ghorbi Elham , Shoja Zabihollah , Zali Fatemeh , Kaghazian Hooman , Aghasadeghi Mohammad Reza , Sadeghi Seyed Amir , Sabeti Shahram , Darazam Ilad Alavi , Ahmadi Nayebali , Mousavi‐Nasab Seyed Dawood
Published: December 2021

Objective

Most patients infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), as the causative agent of COVID‐19 disease, show mild symptoms, but some of them develop severe illness. The purpose of this study was to analyze the blood markers of COVID‐19 patients and to investigate the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines and the disease severity.

Methods

In this prospective cross‐sectional study, 50 patients with COVID‐19 and 20 patients without COVID‐19 were enrolled. According to ICU admission criteria, patients were divided into two groups of non‐severe and severe. Differences in the serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), IL‐6, and TNF‐α, as well as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lymphocytes (LYM) count, and neutrophils (NEU) count between the two groups were determined and analyzed.

Results

Out of the 50 patients with COVID‐19, 14 were diagnosed as severe cases. There was no significant difference between the two groups of COVID‐19 patients in terms of gender and age. Blood tests of COVID‐19 patients showed a significant decrease and increase in NEU and LYM counts, respectively. There were significant differences in the serum levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and CRP between the severe and non‐severe groups, which were higher in the severe group.

Also, there was a significant correlation between the disease severity and CRP with ESR (r = 0.79), CRP with IL‐6 (r = 0.74), LYM with NEU (r = −0.97), and ESR with TNF‐α (r = 0.7).

Conclusion

The findings of this study, as the first study in Iran, suggest that the levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, ESR, and CRP could be used to predict the severity of COVID‐19 disease.
Application of silver ionic liquid in the separation of olefin and alkane
Authors: Wu Xiaojia , Li Xinyu , Xu Lei , He Wei , Zhou Zhiyong , Liu Wei , Zhang Fan , Ren Zhongqi
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

The separation of olefins and alkanes remains one of the most challenging industrial processes due to their similar structure and boiling points. Traditional industrial methods are limited as a consequence of high equipment cost and energy consumption. Ionic liquids (ILs) for olefin separation systems have been developed in recent years. This study aimed to synthesize silver (Ag+) IL and apply it in both extraction and membrane processes to enhance the separation performance.

RESULTS

Quantum chemical calculation results show that the interaction energy between the IL and cyclohexene is much larger than the values for interactions between the IL and alkanes. The highest selectivities for cyclohexene in the extraction process were 33.4 and 51.9 in the presence of cyclohexane and hexane, respectively. The gel membrane was prepared by casting a mixture of 12HSA and Ag+ IL solution onto the PVDF membrane. In vapor permeation, high separation performance was obtained together with a stable membrane phase when the 12HSA content was 1.50% and the operating temperature was 45 °C. With the increase of the mole fraction of cyclohexene, the permeation flux gradually increased and the separation factor was maintained at >9.

CONCLUSION

Reversible π‐complex formation between Ag+ ions and cyclohexene can effectively enhance the separation performance in both extraction and membrane process. This study presents a promising alternative to conventional technology for olefin and alkane separations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
What is the true place of the SARS‐CoV‐2 rapid point‐of‐care antigen test in the hospital setting? Lessons learned from real life
Authors: Roger Steven , Lefeuvre Caroline , Pivert Adeline , Ducancelle Alexandra , Savary Dominique , Bouthry Élise , Le Guillou‐Guillemette Hélène
Published: December 2021

To assist in the clinical management of patients and to support infection control, we tested the use of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) point‐of‐care antigen test (AgPOC) for unplanned hospitalization, coupled with a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) using specimens collected at the same time upon arrival. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the AgPOC in this specific use compared to NAAT for SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, in the context of the low prevalence of infection. For 5 months (between two peaks in France of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic), all patients admitted who undertook the AgPOC/NAAT paired tests were included in the study. AgPOC performances were determined considering the clinical status and the delay of symptoms onset. NAAT and AgPOC results were available for 4425 subjects. AgPOC results showed a homogeneous specificity (>97%) but a low sensitivity at 45.8%. Considering the national guidelines, sensitivity dropped to 32.5% in cases of symptomatic patients with symptoms older than 5 days or more. This study shows the poor performance of AgPOC for entry screening of patients in hospitals. AgPOC may represent a useful tool in the hospital setting only if the use is restricted to patients with consistent symptoms less than 4 days old.
Stock Composition of the Historical New York Bight Atlantic Sturgeon Fishery Revealed through Microsatellite Analysis of Archived Spines
Authors: White Shannon L. , Johnson Robin , Lubinski Barbara A. , Eackles Michael S. , Secor David H. , Kazyak David C.
Published: December 2021

A targeted commercial fishery for Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus once operated in the New York Bight, where it was assumed that most harvested Atlantic Sturgeon were natal to the Hudson River population. However, more recent evidence suggests that the fishery may have been targeting a mixed-stock aggregation, in which case harvested Atlantic Sturgeon could have been comprised of individuals from multiple populations throughout the species’ range. Although there is now a moratorium on Atlantic Sturgeon harvest in the New York Bight, modern molecular approaches provide an opportunity to use archived tissues to perform a retrospective mixed-stock analysis on the fishery. Genomic DNA extracted from archived fin spines from 80 Atlantic Sturgeon collected nearly 30 years ago suggests that the fishery primarily harvested individuals from the Hudson River population. However, based on individual-based assignment tests, our results indicate that the fishery also harvested individuals from at least eight other populations located throughout the species’ range. This study highlights how archival hard parts that were previously used for age and growth analyses can be employed for retrospective genetic analyses. Further, because the New York Bight harbors relatively high concentrations of Atlantic Sturgeon, the study shows how localized management decisions can influence Atlantic Sturgeon conservation at rangewide scales. When integrated with more recent knowledge of species ecology, these analyses can be used to evaluate the efficacy of previous management strategies and understand the effects of historical processes on contemporary demography.
Local knowledge and relational values of Midwestern woody perennial polyculture farmers can inform tree‐crop policies
Authors: Kreitzman Maayan , Chapman Mollie , Keeley Keefe O. , Chan Kai M. A.
Published: December 2021

Agricultural producers, academics and policy‐makers are increasingly interested in multifunctional tree crop systems as a solution for maintaining ecosystem services and producing food. The US Midwest is emerging as a hotbed of such systems in the temperate North in the form of farm‐scale woody perennial polyculture enterprises, but they are currently only a tiny fraction of the landscape. Understanding how such approaches might be scaled up, thus, requires learning from the farmers that are at the forefront of the transition of land to woody perennial polyculture to answer a range of questions: What unique management knowledge is being implemented by farmers to manage complexity on multiple scales? What key challenges have farmers faced? And what values and motivations underpin these fledgling efforts?

From 13 interviews with 18 midwestern perennial polyculture farmers, we found that they largely used a small portion of their farm's land for their perennial enterprises, and did not earn a large portion of their income from them, though this was projected to increase as trees matured. Through experimentation, innovation and farmer networks, the farmers had amassed unique adaptive management expertise for balancing diverse crops and livestock within multifunctional tree crop systems over time and space, an area largely absent from mainstream agricultural science and policy. The barriers these farmers report facing are largely economic rather than biophysical, involving access to capital, insurance, mid‐sized markets and regional processing infrastructure, as well as government programmes mismatched with perenniality.

Cross‐cutting these topics, farmers sought to fulfil values anchored in their relationships to land, to the community or to both. The values of long‐termism, learning and sharing, diversity, stewardship and care of farmland, connection to nature and wildlife, self‐sustenance, other‐sustenance and eudaimonia were embodied and expressed in farmer decisions from the practical to the personal.

Economic and agrarian policy, as well as programme development for multifunctional tree crop systems, should (a) be designed to align with farmer's values and motivations and (b) take advantage of their expert management and systems knowledge to drive appropriate and successful transitions to sustainable environments and livelihoods.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Electrical Properties of Selectively Deposited Graphene‐Like Film on Silicon Oxide/Silicon Structures Preirradiated with Low Energy Electrons
Authors: Knyazev Maxim , Sedlovets Daria , Soltanovich Oleg , Khodos Igor , Koveshnikov Sergei
Published: December 2021

Graphene‐like films (GLFs) are selectively deposited on the silicon oxide/silicon structures preirradiated with electrons at various electron energies and irradiation doses. These films demonstrate high conductivity and are used as a gate material for metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS)‐based devices. It is shown that high‐quality capacitance–voltage characteristics of the GLF‐gated MOS structures can be obtained if both an energy and a dose are carefully tuned. Using the GLF‐gated MOS as a pseudo‐field effect transistor structure, a notable current modulation in the selectively grown GLF is observed.
Postdeposition Sulfurization of CuInSe2 Solar Absorbers by Employing Sacrificial CuInS2 Precursor Layers
Authors: Khavari Faraz , Saini Nishant , Keller Jan , Larsen Jes K. , Sopiha Kostiantyn V. , Martin Natalia M. , Törndahl Tobias , Björkman Charlotte Platzer , Edoff Marika
Published: December 2021

Herein, a new route of sulfur grading in CuInSe2 (CISe) thin‐film solar absorbers by introducing an ultrathin (<50 nm) sacrificial sputtered CuInS2 (CIS) layer on top of the CISe. Different CIS top layer compositions (Cu‐poor to Cu‐rich) are analyzed, before and after a high‐temperature treatment in selenium (Se)‐ or selenium+sulfur (SeS)‐rich atmospheres. An [S]/([S] + [Se]) grading from the surface into the bulk of the Se‐ and SeS‐treated samples is observed, and evidence of the formation of a mixed CuIn(S,Se)2 phase by Raman analysis and X‐ray diffraction is provided. The optical bandgap from quantum efficiency measurements of solar cells is increased from 1.00 eV for the CISe reference to 1.14 and 1.30 eV for the Se‐ and SeS‐treated bilayer samples, respectively. A ≈150 mV higher VOC is observed for the SeS‐treated bilayer sample, but the cell exhibits blocking characteristics resulting in lower efficiency as compared with the CISe reference. This blocking is attributed to an internal electron barrier at the interface to the sulfur‐rich surface layer. The difference in reaction routes and possible ways to improve the developed sulfurization process are discussed.
Credit enhancement mechanism in loan securitization and its implication to systemic risk
Authors: Ivanov Katerina
Published: December 2021

Using US BHC data for the period from 2004 to 2016, this paper examines the relationship between different forms of credit enhancement and bank contribution to systemic crashes. The findings demonstrate that the overall level of contractual retained interests and guarantees offered to own securitization structures poses a significant threat to financial system stability, although this varies for different types of the underlying assets as well as subordinated structure of interest retention. The amount of credit exposure arising from credit enhancements increases BHCs’ contribution to market crashes, while ownership interest in loans and obligations to provide funding do not seem to affect the level of risk BHCs inject into the system. Recourse credit enhancement in mortgage and consumer securitizations is a significant determinant of systemic risks injected by banks into the market with the former one having the strongest economic impact. The implicit credit enhancement in commercial loans tends to decrease systemic risk contribution. The results are not driven by the level of securitization activities, although the economic effect is stronger for large securitizers. The findings have direct implications for the most recent changes in legislation requiring originating banks to retain a material portion of credit risks of securitized loans through retained interests mechanisms.
2‐Pyridyl‐Benzimidazole‐Pd (II) Complex Supported on Magnetic SBA‐15: An Efficient and Magnetically Retrievable Catalyst for the Heck Reaction
Authors: Sajedi Mohammad , Mansoori Yagoub , Nuri Ayat , Esquivel Dolores , Angeles Navarro M.
Published: December 2021

2‐(2’‐Pyridyl)benzimidazole (PyBzIm) was grafted onto magnetic mesoporous silica particles (Fe3O4@SBA) via a simple click reaction, and then further reacted with Na2PdCl4 in methanol. The catalyst, Fe3O4@SBA−PyBzIm−Pd(II), was characterized with FT‐IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area measurement (SBET), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed some C=N nitrogen atoms interact with palladium in the +2 oxidation state. The supported complex was found to catalyze the Heck cross coupling reaction of aryl halides and olefins. It also presents an excellent recycling efficiency over six consecutive runs without significant loss of catalyst reactivity.
Carbon‐Coated Magnetic Fly Ash Modified with Guanylthiourea and Polydopamine for Simultaneous Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) in Acidic Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zhang Liang , Liu Wenwen , Zhang Yu , Mu Chaoqun , Zhong Lvling , Wang Yao , Zhang Xiaomin , Xue Juanqin
Published: December 2021

A magnetic adsorbent simultaneously adsorbing heavy metal ions in acidic solution was prepared by carbon‐deposited magnetic fly ash (C‐MFA), polydopamine (PDA) coating, and guanylthiourea grafting. The prepared guanylthiourea‐grafted PDA/carbon‐coated magnetic fly ash beads (GPC‐MFA) were characterized by SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, TG‐DSC, surface potential, and vibrating‐sample magnetometry. The results indicated that dopamine‐coated carbon‐deposited fly ash surface was successfully grafted with guanylthiourea. The maximum adsorption capacity fitted by Langmuir model for GPC‐MFA were 50.09 mg/g for Cu(II) and 30.64 mg/g for Pb(II) at 40 °C and pH 3.0, respectively. The pseudo‐second order kinetic model accurately fits the kinetic data of Cu(II) adsorption, hence the adsorption properties mainly involves chemical adsorption. Mechanistic studies show that GPC‐MFA contains uniform groups and has strong coordination with heavy metal ions. GPC‐MFA exhibited high recyclability. After 5 recycles of adsorption‐desorption, the adsorption capacity of GPC‐MFA for Cu(II) and Pb(II) still reached 88.72 % and 86.21 % compared with the fresh adsorbent.
The Syntheses, Characterization and Field Effect Transistor Performance of Thiazole‐Based Dicyanomethylene‐Endcapped Quinoidal Compounds
Authors: Ouyang Guangcheng , Feng Yan , Wang Jinlong , Wang Dewei , Li Hongxiang
Published: December 2021

Thiazole‐based dicyanomethylene‐endcapped quinoidal compounds, QBTzTT8, QBTzTT16 and QBTzTT24 with different length of alkyl chains, were designed and synthesized. These compounds exhibit a relative low LUMO energy level of −4.55 eV, and can spontaneously react with metals Ag and Cu to form charge transfer complexes which is evidenced by Raman spectra, Infrared spectra and color change. Thin film transistors of QBTzTT16 and QBTzTT24 are fabricated, and metals Ag, Cu and Au are used as source‐drain electrodes. The devices display typical n‐type transistor performance. The mobility of devices shows nearly non‐dependent on source‐drain electrodes, being attributed to the spontaneously formed ultrathin charge‐transfer complex layer at the semiconductor/Cu (Ag) electrode interface. The average electron mobilities of QBTzTT16 and QBTzTT24 are 4.7×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 6.8×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
Construction of a Supramolecular Fluorescence Sensor from Water‐soluble Pillar[5]arene and 1‐Naphthol for Recognition of Metal Ions
Authors: Zhu Xin Yi , Yang Xi Nan , Luo Yang , Redshaw Carl , Liu Ming , Tao Zhu , Xiao Xin
Published: December 2021

A new fluorescent chemosensor comprised of a pyridine functionalized pillar[5]arene (PyP5) and 1‐naphthol has been designed and utilized for the recognition of metal cations. The 1‐naphthol was encapsulated by the PyP5 cavity and formed a 1 : 1 host ‐ guest inclusion complex. Whilst free 1‐naphthol is known to be strongly fluorescent, this strong fluorescence was quenched in the inclusion complex 1‐naphthol@PyP5. Using the 1‐naphthol@PyP5 inclusion complex as a fluorescent probe, various metal cations have been detected. The experimental results revealed that the probe responded to both Ag+ and Fe3+, via an obvious fluorescence quenching or an incomplete quenching of fluorescence, respectively. As a result, a fluorescence method for the detection of two metal cations using a single system has been developed.

On the other hand, 1‐naphthol is an important intermediate of fine chemicals, which is widely used in the synthesis and production of dyes, spices, oils, medicines and pesticides.[50–52] The oxygen atom of 1‐naphthol is sp2 hybridized and can form extensive π bonds, and can exhibit strong fluorescence. The successful preparation of water‐soluble pillar[5]arene can provide new opportunities for chemists working in the field of host–guest chemistry and the recognition of metal ions. Therefore, more and more research has centered on the synthesis of water‐soluble pillar[5]arenes.[53–56] On this basis, we have synthesized a pyridine functionalized pillar[5]arene. Pyridine functionalized pillar[5]arenes are extremely soluble in water and strongly bind 1‐naphthol in water, which is mainly driven by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The probe system is constructed by encapsulating one equivalent of 1‐naphthol, which possess strong intrinsic fluorescence, into the hydrophobic cavity of PyP5. To this inclusion complex, namely 1‐naphthol@PyP5, were added metal ions. The addition of Ag+ led to incomplete quenching of fluorescence, whilst Fe3+ led to complete quenching of fluorescence. Based on the linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Ag+ and Fe3+, a simple fluorescent probe method for the analysis of Ag+ and Fe3+ was constructed. The observed visual signals indicate the potential of this probe system in rapid assay applications.
CRISPR System‐Linked Self‐Assembling Nanoplatforms for Inspection and Screening of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Huang Shan , Song Yuexin , Liang Tingxizi , Zhang Jian‐Rong , Zhu Jun‐Jie
Published: December 2021

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess a high degree of plasticity, constituting a formidable challenge to identify and screen CSCs in situ with outstanding specificity and sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, a self‐assembled heterodimer consisting of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas12a (named A‐CCA) linkage is designed for in situ identification and screening of gastric CSCs (GCSCs) from gastric cancer cells (GCCs). In this system, the editable character of crRNA performs recognition of dual‐targets in GCSCs, effectively boosting the specificity of identification, while the enzymatic reaction of Cas12a contributes meaningfully to the sensitivity of sensing, enabling in situ examination and screening of GCSCs. Specifically, the A‐CCA nanoplatforms hybridized with ABCG 2 and ABCB 1 overexpress in GCSCs, which can generate heterodimers and simultaneously restore the function of trans‐cleavage. At this time, the asymmetry of the heterodimer causes a circular dichroism signal, which together with the recovered fluorescence signal form a dual‐signals output system that can further ensure the precision of screening GCSC. Therefore, fluorescence‐enhanced GCSCs can be sorted out from GCCs by flow cytometry. Furthermore, GCSCs screened by this assay possess extremely aggressive tumorigenic efficiency, providing a fundamental research object for further developing CSC targeted drugs in vivo.
Rare‐Earth Doped Iron Oxide Nanostructures for Cancer Theranostics: Magnetic Hyperthermia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Laha Suvra S. , Thorat Nanasaheb D. , Singh Gurwinder , Sathish C. I. , Yi Jiabao , Dixit Ambesh , Vinu Ajayan
Published: December 2021

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been extensively investigated during the last couple of decades because of their potential applications across various disciplines ranging from spintronics to nanotheranostics. However, pure iron oxide nanoparticles cannot meet the requirement for practical applications. Doping is considered as one of the most prominent and simplest techniques to achieve optimized multifunctional properties in nanomaterials. Doped iron oxides, particularly, rare‐earth (RE) doped nanostructures have shown much‐improved performance for a wide range of biomedical applications, including magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), compared to pure iron oxide. Extensive investigations have revealed that bigger‐sized RE ions possessing high magnetic moment and strong spin‐orbit coupling can serve as promising dopants to significantly regulate the properties of iron oxides for advanced biomedical applications. This review provides a detailed investigation on the role of RE ions as primary dopants for engineering the structural and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to carefully introspect and correlate their impact on cancer theranostics with a special focus on magnetic hyperthermia and MRI. In addition, prospects for achieving high‐performance magnetic hyperthermia and MRI are thoroughly discussed. Finally, suggestions on future work in these two areas are also proposed.