bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of SnO2@graphite Anode based on the Oriented Deposition Methodology with Superior Electrode Behavior for Li Ion Battery
Authors: Jin Peng , Zhang Xilu , Li Long , Ma Xinlong , Chong Yiting , Pruksawan Sirawit , Wang Fuke
Published: January 2024

SnO2‐based anode materials are deemed to be one of the most prospective anode materials for Li ion batteries (LIBs) with higher theoretical capacity as compared to conventional graphite. However, the weak electrical conduction and large volume expansion limit its application in eVeryday life. Here, a simple and low‐cost oriented deposition methodology is developed to prepare SnO2@graphite composite, which is obtained based on the redox reaction mechanism between SnSO4 and graphite. SnO2 nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on the carbon layer of graphite. The close anchoring of SnO2 in graphite effectively inhibits the volume expansion of SnO2 during lithiation/delithiation processes, and good combination state between them guarantees the excellent electrical conductivity of the composite. As anode for LIBs, SnO2@graphite electrode delivers superior reversible capacity and provides an improved rate capability compared to graphite electrode. Benefiting from the tight combination of SnO2 and graphite, the Li ion diffusion coefficient of SnO2@graphite electrode is almost twice that of graphite electrode. Pairing with LiFePO4 cathode, the SnO2@graphite/LiFePO4 full cell exhibits higher energy/power densities by comparison with graphite/LiFePO4. Besides, this advanced SnO2@graphite composite material with superior anode behavior can be mass produced by the reported methodology.
ROR1 expression in mature B lymphoid neoplasms by flow cytometry
Authors: de Sousa Flávia Arandas , Millan Nádila Magalhães , Correia Rodolfo Patussi , da Costa Vaz Andressa , Schimidell Daniela , Miyamoto Priscila Carmona , Passaro Marilia Sandoval , Nogueira Bruna Garcia , Souto Elizabeth Xisto , Bacal Nydia Strachman , Bento Laiz Camerão
Published: January 2024

Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is an integral part of the diagnosis and classification of leukemias/lymphomas. The expression of ROR1 associated with chronic B lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is well described in the literature, both in its diagnosis and in the follow‐up of minimal residual disease (MRD) research, however, there are few studies regarding the expression pattern of ROR1 in other subtypes of mature B lymphoid neoplasms. With the aim of evaluating the expression of ROR1 and associating it with the expression of other important markers for the differentiation of mature B lymphoid neoplasms (MBLN), 767 samples of cases that entered our laboratory for immunophenotyping with clinical suspicion of MBLN were studied. ROR1 expression is predominant in CD5+/CD10− neoplasms. Overall, positive ROR1 expression was observed in 461 (60.1%) cases. The CD5+/CD10− group had a significantly higher proportion of ROR1 positive samples (89.9%) and more brightly expressed ROR1 than the other groups. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating ROR1 expression in the diagnosis of MBLN to contribute to the differential diagnosis, and possibly therapy of mainly CLL, and indicate that this marker could be considered as a useful addition to immunophenotypic panels, particularly for more challenging cases.
Variance reflects resilience to disturbance along a stress gradient: Experimental evidence from coastal marshes
Authors: Wang Yinhua , Guo Hongyu , Alber Merryl , Pennings Steven C.
Published: January 2024

Quantifying ecosystem resilience to disturbance is important for understanding the effects of disturbances on ecosystems, especially in an era of rapid global change. However, there are few studies that have used standardized experimental disturbances to compare resilience patterns across abiotic gradients in real‐world ecosystems. Theoretical studies have suggested that increased return times are associated with increasing variance during recovery from disturbance. However, this notion has rarely been explicitly tested in field, in part due to the challenges involved in obtaining long‐term experimental data. In this study, we examined resilience to disturbance of 12 coastal marsh sites (five low‐salinity and seven polyhaline [=salt] marshes) along a salinity gradient in Georgia, USA. We found that recovery times after experimental disturbance ranged from 7 to >127 months, and differed among response variables (vegetation height, cover and composition). Recovery rates decreased along the stress gradient of increasing salinity, presumably due to stress reducing plant vigor, but only when low‐salinity and polyhaline sites were analyzed separately, indicating a strong role for traits of dominant plant species. The coefficient of variation of vegetation cover and height in control plots did not vary with salinity. In disturbed plots, however, the coefficient of variation (CV) was consistently elevated during the recovery period and increased with salinity. Moreover, higher CV values during recovery were correlated with slower recovery rates. Our results deepen our understanding of resilience to disturbance in natural ecosystems, and point to novel ways that variance can be used either to infer recent disturbance, or, if measured in areas with a known disturbance history, to predict recovery patterns.
Fire sparks upslope range shifts of North Cascades plant species
Authors: Wilson Rachel N. , Kopp Christopher W. , Hille Ris Lambers Janneke , Angert Amy L.
Published: January 2024

As ongoing climate change drives suitable habitats to higher elevations, species ranges are predicted to follow. However, observed range shifts have been surprisingly variable, with most species differing in rates of upward shift and others failing to shift at all. Disturbances such as fires could play an important role in accelerating range shifts by facilitating recruitment in newly suitable habitats (leading edges) and removing adults from areas no longer suited for regeneration (trailing edges). To date, empirical evidence that fires interact with climate change to mediate elevational range shifts is scarce. Resurveying historical plots in areas that experienced climate change and fire disturbance between surveys provides an exciting opportunity to fill this gap. To investigate whether species have tended to shift upslope and if shifts depend on fires, we resurveyed historical vegetation plots in North Cascades National Park, Washington, USA, an area that has experienced warming, drying, and multiple fires since the original surveys in 1983. We quantified range shifts by synthesizing across two lines of evidence: (1) displacement at range edges and the median elevation of species occurrences, and (2) support for the inclusion of interactions among time, fire and elevation in models of species presence with elevation. Among species that experienced fire since the original survey, a plurality expanded into new habitats at their upper edge. In contrast, a plurality of species not experiencing fire showed no evidence of shifts, with the remainder exhibiting responses that were variable in magnitude and direction. Our results suggest that fires can facilitate recruitment at leading edges, while species in areas free of disturbance are more likely to experience stasis.
Sources of bias in applying close‐kin mark–recapture to terrestrial game species with different life histories
Authors: Sévêque Anthony , Lonsinger Robert C. , Waits Lisette P. , Brzeski Kristin E. , Komoroske Lisa M. , Ott‐Conn Caitlin N. , Mayhew Sarah L. , Norton D. Cody , Petroelje Tyler R. , Swenson John D. , Morin Dana J.
Published: January 2024

Close‐kin mark–recapture (CKMR) is a method analogous to traditional mark–recapture but without requiring recapture of individuals. Instead, multilocus genotypes (genetic marks) are used to identify related individuals in one or more sampling occasions, which enables the opportunistic use of samples from harvested wildlife. To apply the method accurately, it is important to build appropriate CKMR models that do not violate assumptions linked to the species’ and population's biology and sampling methods. In this study, we evaluated the implications of fitting overly simplistic CKMR models to populations with complex reproductive success dynamics or selective sampling. We used forward‐in‐time, individual‐based simulations to evaluate the accuracy and precision of CKMR abundance and survival estimates in species with different longevities, mating systems, and sampling strategies. Simulated populations approximated a range of life histories among game species of North America with lethal sampling to evaluate the potential of using harvested samples to estimate population size. Our simulations show that CKMR can yield nontrivial biases in both survival and abundance estimates, unless influential life history traits and selective sampling are explicitly accounted for in the modeling framework. The number of kin pairs observed in the sample, in combination with the type of kinship used in the model (parent–offspring pairs and/or half‐sibling pairs), can affect the precision and/or accuracy of the estimates. CKMR is a promising method that will likely see an increasing number of applications in the field as costs of genetic analysis continue to decline. Our work highlights the importance of applying population‐specific CKMR models that consider relevant demographic parameters, individual covariates, and the protocol through which individuals were sampled.
Contrasting roles of fungal and oomycete pathogens in mediating nitrogen addition and winter grazing effects on biomass
Authors: Zhang Peng , Huang Mengjiao , Chen Chaorui , Hu Kui , Ke Junsheng , Liu Mu , Xiao Yao , Liu Xiang
Published: January 2024

Both bottom‐up and top‐down processes modulate plant communities. Fungal and oomycete pathogens are most common in global grasslands, and due to differences in their physiology, function, host range, and life cycles, they may differentially affect plants (in both intensity and direction). However, how fungal and oomycete pathogens regulate bottom‐up and top‐down effects on plant community biomass remains unclear. To this end, we conducted a 3‐year field experiment in an alpine meadow incorporating mammalian herbivore exclosure, fungicide/oomyceticide application, and nitrogen addition treatments. We arranged 12 blocks with half randomly assigned to be mammalian herbivore exclosures (fenced to exclude grazing sheep), and the other half were fenced most of the year but not in winter (winter grazing control). Six 2.5 × 2.5 m square plots were established in each block, with each of the six plots assigned as control, nitrogen addition, fungicide application, oomyceticide application, nitrogen addition + fungicide application, and nitrogen addition + oomyceticide application. We found that fungicide application significantly increased plant community biomass (mainly Poaceae species) under nitrogen addition and promoted the bottom‐up effect of nitrogen addition on plant community biomass by altering the community‐weighted mean of plant height (via species turnover). Meanwhile, oomyceticide application significantly increased plant community biomass (mainly Poaceae species) when mammalian herbivores were excluded and weakened the top‐down effect of winter grazing on plant community biomass by driving intraspecific variation in plant height. Our results highlight that fungal and oomycete pathogens play important (but differing) roles in mediating the effects of nutrient availability and higher trophic levels on plant community biomass. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that plant pathogen‐related modulation of plant community biomass is achieved by alterations to plant height. Overall, this study combines both community and disease ecology to reveal complex interactions among higher trophic levels and their potential impacts on terrestrial ecosystem functioning under human disturbance.
Exploring the molecular biomarker utility of circCCT3 in multiple myeloma: A favorable prognostic indicator, particularly for R‐ISS II patients
Authors: Papatsirou Maria , Kontos Christos K. , Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos Ioannis , Malandrakis Panagiotis , Sideris Diamantis C. , Fotiou Despina , Liacos Christine‐Ivy , Gavriatopoulou Maria , Kastritis Efstathios , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Scorilas Andreas , Terpos Evangelos
Published: January 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with the pathobiology of multiple myeloma (MM). Recent findings regarding circCCT3 support its involvement in the development and progression of MM, through microRNA sponging. Thus, we aimed to examine the expression of circCCT3 in smoldering and symptomatic MM and to assess its clinical importance. Three cell lines from plasma cell neoplasms were cultured and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) samples were collected from 145 patients with MM or smoldering MM. Next, CD138+ enrichment was performed in BMA samples, followed by total RNA extraction and reverse transcription. Preamplification of circCCT3 and GAPDH cDNA was performed. Finally, a sensitive assay for the relative quantification of circCCT3 using nested real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was developed, optimized, and implemented in the patients' samples and cell lines. MM patients exhibited significantly higher intracellular circCCT3 expression in their CD138+ plasma cells, compared to those from SMM patients. In addition, MM patients overexpressing circCCT3 had longer progression‐free and overall survival intervals. The favorable prognostic significance of high circCCT3 expression in MM was independent of disease stage (either International Staging System [ISS] or revised ISS [R‐ISS]) and age of MM patients. Interestingly, circCCT3 expression could serve as a surrogate molecular biomarker of prognosis in MM patients, especially those of R‐ISS stage II. In conclusion, our study sheds new light on the significance of circCCT3 as a promising molecular marker for predicting MM patients' prognosis.
Changes in seminal plasma microecological dynamics and the mechanistic impact of core metabolite hexadecanamide in asthenozoospermia patients
Authors: Han Baoquan , Wang Yongyong , Ge Wei , Wang Junjie , Yu Shuai , Yan Jiamao , Hua Lei , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Yan Zihui , Wang Lu , Zhao Jinxin , Huang Cong , Yang Bo , Wang Yan , Ma Qian , Zhao Yong , Jiang Hui , Zhang Yunqi , Liang Shaolin , Zhao Jianjuan , Sun Zhongyi , Shen Wei , Gui Yaoting
Published: January 2024

Asthenozoospermia (AZS) is a prevalent contributor to male infertility, characterized by a substantial decline in sperm motility. In recent years, large‐scale studies have explored the interplay between the male reproductive system's microecology and its implications for reproductive health. Nevertheless, the direct association between seminal microecology and male infertility pathogenesis remains inconclusive. This study used 16S rDNA sequencing and multi‐omics analysis to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the seminal microbial community and metabolites in AZS patients. Patients were categorized into four distinct groups: Normal, mild AZS (AZS‐I), moderate AZS (AZS‐II), and severe AZS (AZS‐III). Microbiome differential abundance analysis revealed significant differences in microbial composition and metabolite profiles within the seminal plasma of these groups. Subsequently, patients were classified into a control group (Normal and AZS‐I) and an AZS group (AZS‐II and AZS‐III). Correlation and cross‐reference analyses identified distinct microbial genera and metabolites. Notably, the AZS group exhibited a reduced abundance of bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Methylobacterium‐Methylorubrum in seminal plasma, positively correlating with core differential metabolite (hexadecanamide). Conversely, the AZS group displayed an increased abundance of bacterial genera such as Uruburuella, Vibrio, and Pseudoalteromonas, with a negative correlation with core differential metabolite (hexadecanamide). In vitro and in vivo experiments validated that hexadecanamide significantly enhanced sperm motility. Using predictive metabolite‐targeting gene analysis and single‐cell transcriptome sequencing, we profiled the gene expression of candidate target genes PAOX and CA2. Protein immunoblotting techniques validated the upregulation protein levels of PAOX and CA2 in sperm samples after hexadecanamide treatment, enhancing sperm motility. In conclusion, this study uncovered a significant correlation between six microbial genera in seminal plasma and the content of the metabolite hexadecanamide, which is related to AZS. Hexadecanamide notably enhances sperm motility, suggesting its potential integration into clinical strategies for managing AZS, providing a foundational framework for diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.
Plasma microRNA signature associated with skeletal muscle wasting in post‐menopausal osteoporotic women
Authors: Faraldi Martina , Sansoni Veronica , Vitale Jacopo , Perego Silvia , Gomarasca Marta , Verdelli Chiara , Messina Carmelo , Sconfienza Luca M. , Banfi Giuseppe , Corbetta Sabrina , Lombardi Giovanni
Published: January 2024

Background

Skeletal muscle mass wasting almost invariably accompanies bone loss in elderly, and the coexistence of these two conditions depends on the tight endocrine crosstalk existing between the two organs, other than the biomechanical coupling. Since the current diagnostics limitation in this field, and given the progressive population aging, more effective tools are needed. The aim of this study was to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for muscle mass wasting in post‐menopausal osteoporotic women.

Methods

One hundred seventy‐nine miRNAs were assayed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in plasma samples from 28 otherwise healthy post‐menopausal osteoporotic women (73.4 ± 6.6 years old). The cohort was divided in tertiles based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) to better highlight the differences on skeletal muscle mass (first tertile: n = 9, ASMMI = 4.88 ± 0.40 kg·m−2; second tertile: n = 10, ASMMI = 5.73 ± 0.23 kg·m−2; third tertile: n = 9, ASMMI = 6.40 ± 0.22 kg·m−2). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to estimate the diagnostic potential of miRNAs. miRNAs displaying a statistically significant fold change ≥ ±1.5 and area under the curve (AUC) > 0.800 (P < 0.05) between the first and third tertiles were considered. A linear regression model was applied to estimate the association between miRNA expression and ASMMI in the whole population, adjusting for body mass index, age, total fat (measured by total‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry [DXA]) and bone mineral density (measured by femur DXA). Circulating levels of adipo‐myokines were evaluated by bead‐based immunofluorescent assays and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

Five miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐221‐3p, hsa‐miR‐374b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐146a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐126‐5p and hsa‐miR‐425‐5p) resulted down‐regulated and two miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐145‐5p and hsa‐miR‐25‐3p) were up‐regulated in the first tertile (relative‐low ASMMI) compared with the third tertile (relative‐high ASMMI) (fold change ≥ ±1.5; P‐value < 0.05). All the corresponding ROC curves had AUC > 0.8 (P < 0.05). Two signatures hsa‐miR‐126‐5p, hsa‐miR‐146a‐5p and hsa‐miR‐425‐5p; and hsa‐miR‐126‐5p, hsa‐miR‐146a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐145‐5p and hsa‐miR‐25‐3p showed the highest AUC, 0.914 (sensitivity = 77.78%; specificity = 100.00%) and 0.901 (sensitivity = 88.89%; specificity = 100.00%), respectively.

Conclusions

In this study, we identified, for the first time, two miRNA signatures, hsa‐miR‐126‐5p, hsa‐miR‐146a‐5p and hsa‐miR‐425‐5p; and hsa‐miR‐126‐5p, hsa‐miR‐146a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐145‐5p and hsa‐miR‐25‐3p, specifically associated with muscle mass wasting in post‐menopausal osteoporotic women.
RORα–GABP–TFAM axis alleviates myosteatosis with fatty atrophy through reinforcement of mitochondrial capacity
Authors: Kim Hyeon‐Ji , Lee Sang‐Heon , Jeong Cheolhee , Han Yong‐Hyun , Lee Mi‐Ock
Published: January 2024

Background

Fat infiltration in muscle, called ‘myosteatosis’, precedes muscle atrophy, which subsequently results in sarcopenia. Myosteatosis is frequently observed in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have previously reported that retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor‐α (RORα) regulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in hepatocytes, resulting in an alleviation of NAFLD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of RORα in skeletal muscle and to understand molecular mechanisms by which RORα controls mitochondrial capacity, using an NAFLD‐associated myosteatosis mouse model.

Methods

To establish a myosteatosis model, 7‐week‐old C57BL/6N mice were fed with high‐fat diet (HFD). After 15 weeks of diet feeding, an adeno‐associated virus vector encoding RORα (AAV‐RORα) was injected to gastrocnemius (GA) muscles, or after 7 weeks of HFD feeding, JC1‐40, an RORα agonistic ligand, was administered daily at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day by oral gavage for 5 weeks. Histological, biochemical and molecular analyses in various in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed.

Results

First, the number of oxidative MyHC2a fibres with intensive lipid infiltration increased by 3.8‐fold in the red region of the GA of mice with myosteatosis (P < 0.001). RORα was expressed around MyHC2a fibres, and its level increased by 2.7‐fold after HFD feeding (P < 0.01). Second, treatment of RORα ligands in C2C12 myoblasts, such as cholesterol sulfate and JC1‐40, enhanced the number of oxidative fibres stained for MyHC1 and MyHC2a by two‐fold to four‐fold (P < 0.01), while it reduced the lipid levels in MyHC2a fibres by 20–50% (P < 0.001) in the presence of palmitic acids. Third, mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.01) and total area of mitochondria (P < 0.01) were enhanced by treatment of these ligands. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that RORα bound the promoter of GA‐binding protein α subunit gene that led to activation of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in C2C12 myoblasts (P < 0.05). Finally, intramuscular transduction of AAV‐RORα alleviated the HFD‐induced myosteatosis with fatty atrophy; lipid contents in MyHC2a fibres decreased by 48% (P < 0.001), whereas the number of MyHC2b fibre increased by 22% (P < 0.001). Also, administration of JC1‐40 improved the signs of myosteatosis in that it decreased the level of adipose differentiation‐related protein (P < 0.01) but increased mitochondrial proteins such as cytochrome c oxidase 4 and TFAM in GA muscle (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

RORα plays a versatile role in regulating the quantity of mitochondria and the oxidative capacity, ultimately leading to an improvement in myosteatosis symptoms.
Discerning the influence of climate variability modes, regional weather features and time series persistence on streamflow using Bayesian networks and multiple linear regression
Authors: Bates Bryson C. , Dowdy Andrew J.
Published: January 2024

A large literature on the sensitivity of streamflow response to climate variations has emerged over the past several decades, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The usual approaches to this problem have been simple and do not fully address its complexity, which involves the individual and joint effects of large‐scale climate modes and smaller‐scale weather features on streamflow volumes, the presence of persistence in these time series and their effects on antecedent conditions. Ongoing improvements in observational and reanalysis datasets and online access allow for better quantification of the connections between streamflow response, climate variability modes and regional weather features. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether Bayesian networks can be used to better identify key factors and their associated pathways leading to streamflow generation. A Markov blanket approach is described and illustrated using monthly streamflow series recorded at eight gauging stations within or immediately adjacent to the coastal region of eastern mainland Australia. The method is compared and contrasted with conventional multiple linear regression with discussion around this type of approach as part of a growing interest in machine learning applications. One example is used to illustrate the application of both approaches to a streamflow series exhibiting strong non‐stationarity. Results for the other streamflow series are included in a concise synthesis. Overall, the results suggest that Bayesian networks have several desirable features in terms of transparency, interpretability and explanatory insight. The findings from this study lend support to the use of Bayesian networks for modelling connections between streamflow volume and the variability of climate and regional weather. This improved understanding of the key controls of streamflow variability is intended to help address growing needs around informing social, cultural, economic and ecological aspects of water planning and management.
The comparative burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in five European countries
Authors: Balp Maria‐Magdalena , Krupsky Kathryn , Gupta Shaloo , Balkaran Bridget L. , Kohli Ravneet K. , Lienhard Clementine , Loh Jaclyn , Rodriguez Barrios Jose M. , Patil Dhaval , Tétart Florence , El‐Shanawany Tariq , Reed John
Published: January 2024

Background

Skin diseases can have a significant impact on the physical, psychological and social well‐being of patients. Quantification of the burden of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) compared to other dermatological conditions is limited.

Objectives

To evaluate the comparative humanistic and economic burden of CSU, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis (PSO) in five European countries (EU5).

Methods

This cross‐sectional analysis compared data from adult respondents with a physician diagnosis of CSU, AD and PSO from the 2020 National Health and Wellness Survey in EU5 (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom). Outcomes included Short Form (SF)‐12v2 [mental (MCS) and physical component (PCS) summary scores], SF‐6D, EQ‐5D, EQ‐Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7), Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) and healthcare resource utilization (HRU). Multivariable analyses comparing CSU to AD and PSO, respectively, were conducted for each outcome.

Results

This analysis included 379 CSU, 788 AD and 2,636 PSO patients. Adjusted MCS and PCS scores were lower among CSU patients than AD (MCS, p = 0.006; PCS, p < 0.001) and PSO (p < 0.001 for all). SF‐6D and EQ‐5D scores were consistently lower among CSU patients versus AD and PSO (p < 0.001 for all), whereas the EQ VAS was lower in CSU cohort versus PSO cohort (p = 0.003). Higher DLQI scores were reported in the CSU cohort versus AD and PSO (p < 0.001 for both) and the proportion of patients with anxiety and depression, respectively, (GAD‐7 and PHQ‐9 scores ≥5) was greater among the CSU cohort versus AD and PSO (p < 0.001 for all). Finally, higher HRUs and worse WPAI scores (p < 0.005) were observed in the CSU cohort relative to AD and PSO cohort.

Conclusions

CSU is associated with significantly worse health‐related quality of life, more mental comorbidities, negative impact on patients' daily lives and the ability to work, ultimately leading to higher HRU compared with AD and PSO.
Consumption network externalities, corporate social responsibility, and conflicting interests: Cournot vs. Bertrand competition
Authors: Zhang Zhining , Ko Po‐Sheng , Hsu Chu‐Chuan , Tsai Chien‐Shu
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we will delineate the nexus of consumption network externalities, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and conflicting interest issues under Cournot and Bertrand competition. We find that a stronger degree of network externalities may bring conflicting interests between firms and the consumers, benefiting firms while hurting consumers. The degree of conflicting interests caused by network externalities is consistent in Cournot and Bertrand competition. Furthermore, when firms do CSR activities, the presence of network externalities may alleviate the conflicting interests caused by CSR activities and bring a “win–win” outcome between firms and consumers in two competition modes.
Simultaneous fMRI and metabolic MRS of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate during nicotine stimulus in rat
Authors: Hyppönen Viivi‐Elina A. , Rosa Jessica , Kettunen Mikko I.
Published: January 2024

Functional MRI (fMRI) and MRS (fMRS) can be used to noninvasively map cerebral activation and metabolism. Recently, hyperpolarized 13C spectroscopy and metabolic imaging have provided an alternative approach to assess metabolism. In this study, we combined 1H fMRI and hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRS to compare cerebral blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) response and real‐time cerebral metabolism, as assessed with lactate and bicarbonate labelling, during nicotine stimulation. Simultaneous 1H fMRI (multislice gradient echo echo‐planar imaging) and 13C spectroscopic (single slice pulse‐acquire) data were collected in urethane‐anaesthetized female Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 12) at 9.4 T. Animals received an intravenous (i.v.) injection of either nicotine (stimulus; 88 μg/kg, n = 7, or 300 μg/kg, n = 5) or 0.9% saline (matching volume), followed by hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate injection 60 s later. Three hours later, a second injection was administered: the animals that had previously received saline were injected with nicotine and vice versa, both followed by another hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate i.v. injection 60 s later. The low‐dose (88 μg/kg) nicotine injection led to a 12% ± 4% (n = 7, t‐test, p ~ 0.0006 (t‐value −5.8, degrees of freedom 6), Wilcoxon p ~ 0.0078 (test statistic 0)) increase in BOLD signal. At the same time, an increase in 13C‐bicarbonate signal was seen in four out of six animals. Bicarbonate‐to‐total carbon ratios were 0.010 ± 0.004 and 0.018 ± 0.010 (n = 6, t‐test, p ~ 0.03 (t‐value −2.3, degrees of freedom 5), Wilcoxon p ~ 0.08 (test statistic 3)) for saline and nicotine experiments, respectively. No increase in the lactate signal was seen; lactate‐to‐total carbon was 0.16 ± 0.02 after both injections. The high (300 μg/kg) nicotine dose (n = 5) caused highly variable BOLD and metabolic responses, possibly due to the apparent respiratory distress. Simultaneous detection of 1H fMRI and hyperpolarized 13C‐MRS is feasible. A comparison of metabolic response between control and stimulated states showed differences in bicarbonate signal, implying that the hyperpolarization technique could offer complimentary information on brain activation.
Gum acacia dietary fiber: Significance in immunomodulation, inflammatory diseases, and cancer
Authors: Barkeer Srikanth , Pothuraju Ramesh , Malakar Pushkar , Pimentel Tatiana Colombo , Siddiqui Jawed A. , Nair S. Asha
Published: January 2024

Gum arabic/acacia (GA), derived from Acacia trees, is a versatile natural product offering a broad spectrum of applications. Its rich content of soluble dietary fibers, coupled with a low caloric profile, renders GA a valuable dietary component associated with numerous health benefits. Furthermore, its fermentation by gut microbiota yields short‐chain fatty acids, renowned for their positive impact on health. Immunomodulation, a crucially regulated mechanism in the body, serves to fend off pathogenic infections by releasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines. However, prolonged synthesis of these cytokines can lead to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and potentially contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify plant‐based biomolecules that can effectively reduce inflammation and inhibit inflammation‐induced complications or disorders. In this context, edible biomolecules like GA are gaining prominence for their noteworthy immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, in the present review we have explored the role of GA in immunomodulation, inflammation, and inflammation‐associated metabolic diseases, and cancer.
Strengthened Buried Interface via Metal Sulfide Passivation Toward High‐Performance CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Shihui , Zhang Teng , Liu Wenwen , Zhao Baohua , Chen Ziming , Sun Xinyu , Wang Tailin , Chen Yanli , Liu Heyuan , Xue Qifan , Li Xiyou
Published: January 2024

Although SnO2 has been widely used as the electron transport material (ETM) of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the energy level mismatch at the SnO2/CsPbBr3 buried interface is as high as 1 eV, which is disastrous for the CsPbBr3‐based PSCs. Herein, a buffer layer of metal sulfide (CdS, ZnS) is introduced to solve this problem. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbBr3 PSCs has been increased from 8.16% to 9.48% for ZnS‐treated SnO2 (ZnS‐SnO2), and a champion efficiency of 10.61% has been achieved in CdS‐treated SnO2 (CdS‐SnO2) devices. Aside from the reduced energy loss, the mobility of the SnO2 ETM has been greatly enhanced after the metal sulfide treatment. The CdS‐SnO2 devices also enjoy the benefits of reduced defect density and speeded carrier extraction, contributing to an almost 30% performance enhancement. This 10.61% PCE is among the highly efficient CsPbBr3‐based PSCs reported to date. Finally, CdS‐SnO2 devices survive a harsh damp heat test (120 °C with a relative humidity of 50%) for a month with less than 15% efficiency loss, demonstrating the superior stability of our CsPbBr3 PSCs.
Solution‐Processed Bifacial Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 Thin‐Film Solar Cells with a Frontside Power Efficiency of 9.73%
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Liu Bowen , Chen Fuyan , Gao Jiaxin , Shi Xinan , Pan Daocheng
Published: January 2024

Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 (CIGSSe) solar cell is one of the most promising thin‐film solar cells with a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.6%. Conventional CIGSSe thin‐film solar cells are usually fabricated on Mo‐coated soda‐lime glass substrate, thereby, the sunlight on the rear side cannot be utilized by the monofacial CIGSSe solar cells owing to the opacity of the Mo electrode. CIGSSe solar cells fabricated on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) electrode enable to fabricate bifacial solar cells, which can generate power on both sides of solar cells, so that bifacial solar cells have a high potential application in building‐integrated photovoltaics. However, the PCEs of CIGSSe solar cells fabricated on TCO substrates are significantly lower than those of ones on Mo substrates. In this article, bifacial CIGSSe solar cells on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate are fabricated by using an ionic liquid‐assisted solution approach and utilizing a MoO3 thin film as an interface layer between FTO and CIGSSe absorber layer, yielding a front‐side PCE of 9.73% and a back‐side PCE of 1.77%.
The role of alternative splicing and splicing factors in diabetes: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Singha Didhiti , Mondal Meghna , Ghosh Dhruba , Choudhury Debopriya , Chakravarti Bandana , Kar Rajesh Kumar , Malakar Pushkar
Published: January 2024

With glucose being at the center of energy consumption and production, maintaining homeostasis of this simple sugar is of pivotal importance. Loss of glucose homeostasis results in altered blood glucose levels, that are frequently observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. T2D and obesity share pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic backgrounds. These conditions collectively impact over 500 million individuals worldwide, necessitating a deeper mechanistic understanding for effective therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of abnormal alternative splicing (AS) and changes in splicing factors (SFs) in the development and progression of diabetic conditions, presenting AS and SFs as promising targets for therapy. This review focuses on the deregulation of AS (INSR, TCF7L2, and mTOR) and SF (Sam68) deregulation in diabetic conditions. In addition, we discuss the importance of mTOR signaling in diabetic conditions and its regulation by AS and SFs. Furthermore, we discuss current strategies aimed at targeting AS and SFs. Finally, we discuss research challenges, and unresolved questions in the field, and offer recommendations to enhance our comprehension of the significance of AS and SFs in the context of diabetes and obesity.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms

RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Interrelation Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure, Intracranial Morphology and Venous Hemodynamics Studied by 4D Flow MRI
Authors: Schuchardt Florian F. , Krafft Axel J. , Miguel Telega Lidia , Küchlin Sebastian , Lagrèze Wolf A. , Demerath Theo , Arnold Philipp , Fung Christian , Kraus Luisa M. , Hennemuth Anja , Beck Jürgen , Urbach Horst , Weiller Cornelius , Harloff Andreas
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To quantify the effects of CSF pressure alterations on intracranial venous morphology and hemodynamics in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and assess reversibility when the underlying cause is resolved.

Methods

We prospectively examined venous volume, intracranial venous blood flow and velocity, including optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as a noninvasive surrogate of CSF pressure changes in 11 patients with IIH, 11 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls and 9 SIH patients, before and after neurosurgical closure of spinal dural leaks. We applied multiparametric MRI including 4D flow MRI, time-of-flight (TOF) and T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo-spin echo (HASTE).

Results

Sinus volume overlapped between groups at baseline but decreased after treatment of intracranial hypotension (p = 0.067) along with a significant increase of ONSD (p = 0.003). Blood flow in the middle and dorsal superior sagittal sinus was remarkably lower in patients with higher CSF pressure (i.e., IIH versus controls and SIH after CSF leak closure) but blood flow velocity was comparable cross-sectionally between groups and longitudinally in SIH.

Conclusion

We were able to demonstrate the interaction of CSF pressure, venous volumetry, venous hemodynamics and ONSD using multiparametric brain MRI. Closure of CSF leaks in SIH patients resulted in symptoms suggestive of increased intracranial pressure and caused a subsequent decrease of intracranial venous volume and of blood flow within the superior sagittal sinus while ONSD increased. In contrast, blood flow parameters from 4D flow MRI did not discriminate IIH, SIH and controls as hemodynamics at baseline overlapped at most vessel cross-sections.
Hypomethylating agent monotherapy in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia: a French multicentric retrospective study
Authors: Gabellier Ludovic , Peterlin Pierre , Thepot Sylvain , Hicheri Yosr , Paul Franciane , Gallego-Hernanz Maria Pilar , Bertoli Sarah , Turlure Pascal , Pigneux Arnaud , Guieze Romain , Ochmann Marlène , Malfuson Jean-Valère , Cluzeau Thomas , Thomas Xavier , Tavernier Emmanuelle , Jourdan Eric , Bonnet Sarah , Tudesq Jean-Jacques , Raffoux Emmanuel
Published: January 2024

Very few data are available about hypomethylating agent (HMA) efficiency in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemias (CBF-AML). Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HMA in the specific subset of CBF-AML. Here, we report the results of a multicenter retrospective French study about efficacy of HMA monotherapy, used frontline or for R/R CBF-AML. Forty-nine patients were included, and received a median of 5 courses of azacitidine (n = 46) or decitabine (n = 3). ORR was 49% for the whole cohort with a median time to response of 112 days. After a median follow-up of 72.3 months, median OS for the total cohort was 10.6 months. In multivariate analysis, hematological relapse of CBF-AML at HMA initiation was significantly associated with a poorer OS (HR: 2.13; 95%CI: 1.04–4.36; p = 0.038). Responders had a significantly improved OS (1-year OS: 75%) compared to non-responders (1-year OS: 15.3%; p < 0.0001). Hematological improvement occurred for respectively 28%, 33% and 48% for patients who were red blood cell or platelet transfusion-dependent, or who experienced grade 3/4 neutropenia at HMA initiation. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of HMA. Our study highlights that HMA is a well-tolerated therapeutic option with moderate clinical activity for R/R CBF-AML and for patients who cannot handle intensive chemotherapy.
Auf dem Weg zu gemeinsamen europäischen Qualitätsstandards: Evaluierung von Studiengängen und Bildungsangeboten in Europäischen Allianzen
Authors: Sishchuk Julia , Palmer Luke William , Liu Jiangxue
Published: January 2024

Evaluation of education is one of key tasks for universities, whether as part of approval processes, accreditation, or ongoing assessment. The EURECA-PRO European university alliance is developing new study programmes, courses, and modules which require evaluation procedures for use by all partner universities. Considering the current EU quality assurance standards and the current evaluation procedures in place at partner universities, an analysis for a roadmap to an educational evaluation system has been conducted and from this a EURECA-PRO evaluation framework has been devised. This framework is formed of three cycles, individual course/module, semester, and whole programme and considers input from key stakeholders: programme management, study deans, teachers, and learners.
Leveraging artificial intelligence in neurosurgery—unveiling ChatGPT for neurosurgical discharge summaries and operative reports
Authors: Dubinski Daniel , Won Sae-Yeon , Trnovec Svorad , Behmanesh Bedjan , Baumgarten Peter , Dinc Nazife , Konczalla Juergen , Chan Alvin , Bernstock Joshua D. , Freiman Thomas M. , Gessler Florian
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Chat generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) is a novel large pre-trained natural language processing software that can enable scientific writing amongst a litany of other features. Given this, there is a growing interest in exploring the use of ChatGPT models as a modality to facilitate/assist in the provision of clinical care.

Methods

We investigated the time taken for the composition of neurosurgical discharge summaries and operative reports at a major University hospital. In so doing, we compared currently employed speech recognition software (i.e., SpeaKING) vs novel ChatGPT for three distinct neurosurgical diseases: chronic subdural hematoma, spinal decompression, and craniotomy. Furthermore, factual correctness was analyzed for the abovementioned diseases.

Results

The composition of neurosurgical discharge summaries and operative reports with the assistance of ChatGPT leads to a statistically significant time reduction across all three diseases/report types: p < 0.001 for chronic subdural hematoma, p < 0.001 for decompression of spinal stenosis, and p < 0.001 for craniotomy and tumor resection. However, despite a high degree of factual correctness, the preparation of a surgical report for craniotomy proved to be significantly lower (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

ChatGPT assisted in the writing of discharge summaries and operative reports as evidenced by an impressive reduction in time spent as compared to standard speech recognition software. While promising, the optimal use cases and ethics of AI-generated medical writing remain to be fully elucidated and must be further explored in future studies.
Efficacy and safety of cysto-ventricular catheter implantation for space-occupying cysts arising from glioma and brain metastasis: a retrospective study
Authors: Niedermeyer Sebastian , Terpolilli Nicole A. , Nerlinger Pia , Weller Jonathan , Schmutzer-Sondergeld Michael , Quach Stefanie , Thon Niklas
Published: January 2024

Background

Cysto-ventricular catheters (CVC) have emerged as promising treatment option for cystic craniopharyngioma and arachnoid cysts, but their effectiveness in treating cysts originating from glioma or brain metastasis (BM) remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of CVC in patients with glioma and BM as well as procedure-associated morbidity.

Methods

This single-center retrospective study included all patients treated with CVC placement for acquired space-occupying cysts deriving from previously treated glioma or BMs between 1/2010 and 12/2021.

Results

A total of 57 patients with a median age of 47 years (IQR 38–63) were identified. Focal neurological deficits were the predominant symptoms in 60% of patients (n = 34), followed by cephalgia in 14% (n = 8), and epileptic seizures in 21.1% (n = 12). Accurate CVC placement was achieved in all but one case requiring revision surgery due to malposition. Three months after CVC implantation, 70% of patients showed symptomatic improvement. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the development of space-occupying cysts later in the course of the disease (OR 1.014; p = 0.04) and a higher reduction of cyst-volume postoperatively (OR 1.055; p = 0.05) were significant predictors of postoperative symptomatic improvement following CVC placement. Local cyst recurrence was observed in three cases during follow-up MRI after an average time of 5 months (range 3–9 months). Further complications included secondary malresorptive hydrocephalus in three cases and meningeosis neoplastica in one patient.

Conclusions

Stereotactic implantation of CVC is an efficient treatment option for patients suffering from symptomatic space-occupying cysts from BMs or glioma, independently from their CNS WHO grade. However, a vigilant approach is crucial regarding potential complications and treatment failures.
Political and non-political side activities in an agency framework
Authors: Marino Anthony M.
Published: January 2024

This paper studies side activities, including political activities, in the context of a hidden action agency problem. Given increases in the number of employees working from home and increases in managerial political engagement, such activities have become more prevalent. We examine the impact of these activities on the optimal contact, the agent’s welfare, the firm’s profit, and total welfare. For the case of political activities, we study the impact of external negative and positive feedback as the result of these activities on the optimal contract and all equilibrium variables. We ask whether the firm should encourage or discourage these activities.
The Macroeconomic Impact of Global and Country-Specific Climate Risk
Authors: Byrne Joseph P. , Vitenu-Sackey Prince Asare
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the impact of climate risk on macroeconomic activity for thirty countries using over a century of panel time series data. The key innovation of our paper is to use a factor stochastic volatility approach to decompose climate change into global and country-specific climate risk and to consider their distinct impact upon macroeconomic activity. To allow for country heterogeneity, we also differentiate the impact of climate risk upon advanced and emerging economies. While the existing literature has focused on country based climate risk shocks, our results suggest idiosyncratic or country-specific climate risk shocks are relatively unimportant. Global climate risk, on the other hand, has a negative and relatively more important impact on macroeconomic activity. In particular, we find that both advanced and emerging countries are adversely impacted by global climate risk shocks.