bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low planktic foraminiferal diversity and abundance observed in a 2013 West-East Mediterranean Sea transect
Authors: Mallo Miguel , Ziveri Patrizia , Mortyn P. Graham , Schiebel Ralf , Grelaud Michaël
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Planktic foraminifera were collected with 150 µm BONGO nets from the upper 200 m water depth at 20 stations across the Mediterranean Sea between 02 May and 02 June, 2013. The main aim was to characterize the species distribution and size-normalized shell weight (SNW). Average foraminifera abundances and diversity are 1.42 ± 1.43 ind.∙10 m−3 (ranging from 0.11 to 5.20 ind.∙10 m−3), with ten overall species found, respectively. Large differences in species assemblages and abundance values are observed between the different Mediterranean sub-basins, with an overall dominance of spinose, symbiont-bearing species indicating oligotrophic conditions. The highest values in absolute abundance are in the Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea. The western basin is dominated by Globorotalia inflata and Globigerina bulloides at slightly lower standing stocks than in the eastern basin. In contrast, the planktic foraminiferal assemblage in the warmer, saltier and more nutrient-limited eastern basin is dominated by Globigerinoides ruber sensu stricto (s.s.). These new collective results in combination with comparison to previous findings, suggest that stratification of the surface water column, nutrient concentration and hence food availability, and temperature seem to be the main factors controlling foraminiferal abundances and distribution. Standing stocks and size-normalized weight (SNW) of G. ruber s.s. and G. bulloides are more related to food availability than seawater carbonate chemistry. Increasing temperature, salinity, surface ocean stratification and trophic conditions could be the causes of reduced abundance, diversity and species-specific changes in calcification in planktic foraminifera.
Climatic variability in Princess Elizabeth Land (East Antarctica) over
the last 350 years
Authors: Ekaykin Alexey A. , Vladimirova Diana O. , Lipenkov Vladimir Ya. , Masson-Delmotte Valérie
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We use isotopic composition (δD) data from 6 sites in Princess Elisabeth Land (PEL) in order to reconstruct the air temperature variability in this sector of East Antarctica for the last 350 years. First, we use the present-day instrumental mean annual surface air temperature data to demonstrate that the studied region (between Russian research stations Progress, Vostok and Mirny) is characterized by uniform temperature variability. We thus construct the stacked record of the temperature anomaly for the whole sector for the period 1958–2015. A comparison of this series with the Southern Hemisphere climatic indices shows that the short-term inter-annual temperature variability is primarily governed by Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) modes of atmospheric variability. However, the low-frequency temperature variability (with period > 27 years) is mainly related to the anomalies of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) mode. Then we construct the stacked record of δD for the PEL for the period 1654–2009 from individual normalized and filtered isotopic records obtained at 6 different sites ('PEL2016' stacked record). We use a significant relationship between this record and the stacked PEL temperature record (with an apparent slope of 9 ‰ °C−1) to convert 'PEL2016' into temperature scale. Analysis of 'PEL2016' shows a 1 °C warming in this region over the last three centuries, with a particularly cold period from mid-18th to mid-19th century. A peak of cooling occurred in the 1840s – a feature previously observed in other Antarctic records. We reveal that 'PEL2016' correlates with a low-frequency component of IOD. We suggest that the IOD mode influences the Antarctic climate by modulating the activity of cyclones that bring heat and moisture to Antarctica. We also compare 'PEL2016' with other Antarctic stacked isotopic records. This work is a contribution to PAGES and IPICS Antarctica 2k projects.
Can mussels be used as sentinel organisms for characterization of pollution in
urban water systems?
Authors: Reichwaldt Elke S. , Ghadouani Anas
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Urbanization strongly impacts aquatic ecosystems by decreasing water quality and altering water cycles. Today, much effort is put towards the restoration and conservation of urban waterbodies to enhance ecosystem service provision, leading to liveable and sustainable cities. To enable a sustainable management of waterbodies, the quantification of the temporal and spatial variability of pollution levels and biogeochemical processes is essential. Stable isotopes have widely been used to identify sources of pollution in ecosystems. For example, increased nitrogen levels in waterbodies are often accompanied with a higher nitrogen stable isotope signature (δ15N), which can then be detected in higher trophic levels such as mussels. The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of nitrogen stable isotopes as measured in mussels (Mytilus edulis), as an indicator able to resolve spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen pollution in an urban, tidally influenced estuary (Swan River estuary in Western Australia). Nitrogen concentrations were generally low and nitrogen stable isotope values of nitrate throughout the estuary were well within natural values of uncontaminated groundwater, organic nitrate from soils, or marine-derived sources, indicating groundwater inflow rather than pollution by human activity was responsible for differences between sites. The δ15N signature in mussels was very stable over time within each site which indicated that mussels can be used as time-integrated sentinel organisms in urban systems. In addition, our study shows that the nature of the relationship between δ15N in the mussels and the nitrate in the water can provide insights into site-specific biogeochemical transformation of nutrients. We suggest that mussels and other sentinel organisms can become a robust tool for the detection and characterization of the dynamics of a number of emerging anthropogenic pollutants of concern in urban water systems.
Contradictory hydrological impacts of afforestation in the humid tropics
evidenced by long-term field monitoring and simulation modelling
Authors: Lacombe Guillaume , Ribolzi Olivier , de Rouw Anneke , Pierret Alain , Latsachak Keoudone , Silvera Norbert , Pham Dinh Rinh , Orange Didier , Janeau Jean-Louis , Soulileuth Bounsamai , Robain Henri , Taccoen Adrien , Sengphaathith Phouthamaly , Mouche Emmanuel , Sengtaheuanghoung Oloth , Tran Duc Toan , Valentin Christian
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The humid tropics are exposed to an unprecedented modernisation of agriculture involving rapid and mixed land-use changes with contrasted environmental impacts. Afforestation is often mentioned as an unambiguous solution for restoring ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity. One consequence of afforestation is the alteration of streamflow variability which controls habitats, water resources, and flood risks. We demonstrate that afforestation by tree planting or by natural forest regeneration can induce opposite hydrological changes. An observatory including long-term field measurements of fine-scale land-use mosaics and of hydrometeorological variables has been operating in several headwater catchments in tropical southeast Asia since 2000. The GR2M water balance model, repeatedly calibrated over successive 1-year periods and used in simulation mode with the same year of rainfall input, allowed the hydrological effect of land-use change to be isolated from that of rainfall variability in two of these catchments in Laos and Vietnam. Visual inspection of hydrographs, correlation analyses, and trend detection tests allowed causality between land-use changes and changes in seasonal streamflow to be ascertained. In Laos, the combination of shifting cultivation system (alternation of rice and fallow) and the gradual increase of teak tree plantations replacing fallow led to intricate streamflow patterns: pluri-annual streamflow cycles induced by the shifting system, on top of a gradual streamflow increase over years caused by the spread of the plantations. In Vietnam, the abandonment of continuously cropped areas combined with patches of mix-trees plantations led to the natural re-growth of forest communities followed by a gradual drop in streamflow. Soil infiltrability controlled by surface crusting is the predominant process explaining why two modes of afforestation (natural regeneration vs. planting) led to opposite changes in streamflow regime. Given that commercial tree plantations will continue to expand in the humid tropics, careful consideration is needed before attributing to them positive effects on water and soil conservation.
Two years with extreme and little snowfall: effects on energy partitioning and surface energy exchange in a high-Arctic tundra ecosystem
Authors: Stiegler Christian , Lund Magnus , Christensen Torben Røjle , Mastepanov Mikhail , Lindroth Anders
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Snow cover is one of the key factors controlling Arctic ecosystem functioning and productivity. In this study we assess the impact of strong variability in snow accumulation during 2 subsequent years (2013–2014) on the land–atmosphere interactions and surface energy exchange in two high-Arctic tundra ecosystems (wet fen and dry heath) in Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland. We observed that record-low snow cover during the winter 2012/2013 resulted in a strong response of the heath ecosystem towards low evaporative capacity and substantial surface heat loss by sensible heat fluxes (H) during the subsequent snowmelt period and growing season. Above-average snow accumulation during the winter 2013/2014 promoted summertime ground heat fluxes (G) and latent heat fluxes (LE) at the cost of H. At the fen ecosystem a more muted response of LE, H and G was observed in response to the variability in snow accumulation. Overall, the differences in flux partitioning and in the length of the snowmelt periods and growing seasons during the 2 years had a strong impact on the total accumulation of the surface energy balance components. We suggest that in a changing climate with higher temperature and more precipitation the surface energy balance of this high-Arctic tundra ecosystem may experience a further increase in the variability of energy accumulation, partitioning and redistribution.
Improving Lidar-Derived Turbulence Estimates for Wind Energy
Authors: Newman Jennifer F. , Clifton Andrew
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Remote sensing devices such as lidars are currently being investigated as alternatives to cup anemometers on meteorological towers. Although lidars can measure mean wind speeds at heights spanning an entire turbine rotor disk and can be easily moved from one location to another, they measure different values of turbulence than an instrument on a tower. Current methods for improving lidar turbulence estimates include the use of analytical turbulence models and expensive scanning lidars. While these methods provide accurate results in a research setting, they cannot be easily applied to smaller, commercially available lidars in locations where high-resolution sonic anemometer data are not available. Thus, there is clearly a need for a turbulence error reduction model that is simpler and more easily applicable to lidars that are used in the wind energy industry. In this work, a new turbulence error reduction algorithm for lidars is described. The algorithm, L-TERRA, can be applied using only data from a stand-alone commercially available lidar and requires minimal training with meteorological tower data. The basis of L-TERRA is a series of corrections that are applied to the lidar data to mitigate errors from instrument noise, volume averaging, and variance contamination. These corrections are applied in conjunction with a trained machine-learning model to improve turbulence estimates from a vertically profiling WINDCUBE v2 lidar. L-TERRA was tested on data from three sites – two in flat terrain and one in semicomplex terrain. L-TERRA significantly reduced errors in lidar turbulence at all three sites, even when the machine-learning portion of the model was trained on one site and applied to a different site. Errors in turbulence were then related to errors in power through the use of a power prediction model for a simulated 1.5 MW turbine. L-TERRA also reduced errors in power significantly at all three sites, although moderate power errors remained for periods when the mean wind speed was close to the rated wind speed of the turbine and periods when variance contamination had a large effect on the lidar turbulence error. Future work will include the use of a lidar simulator to better understand how different factors affect lidar turbulence error and to determine how these errors can be reduced using information from a stand-alone lidar.
ANÁLISE DA APLICAÇÃO DE CONCRETO COM ADIÇÃO DE MACROFIBRAS ESTRUTURAIS SINTÉTICAS E MICROFIBRAS DE VIDRO ANTI-CRACK AR EM PISOS
Authors: Wolf de Goes Caroline Marção , Pucharelli Fontanini Patricia Stella , Pimentel Lia Lorena , Paganelli G. de Avila Jacintho Ana Elisabete
Published: July 2016

RESUMO: As fibras vêm sendo muito utilizadas para reforçar o concreto, e hoje, existe uma grande variedade delas, por exemplo, fibras de polipropileno, fibras sintéticas, fibras com baixo teor de carbono, e fibras de polietileno. O emprego das fibras nas misturas cimentícias promove diversas melhorias ao concreto armado, como, aumento da resistência à fadiga e ao impacto; tenacidade à flexão; aumento da capacidade de absorção de energia, que transferem tensões através de fissuras, fazendo com que reduza sua propagação e expansão; e maior ductilidade, pois em concretos não reforçados, após a primeira fissura, o concreto se torna deficiente. Nesta pesquisa foram apresentadas as principais vantagens da adição de macrofibras estruturais sintéticas e microfibras de vidro ao concreto em pisos para redução de fissuras. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar um Estudo de Caso e propor dois novos traços de concreto com adição de macrofibras estruturais sintéticas e microfibras de vidro como reforço de pisos e um traço referência sem adição de fibras. Foram analisadas as resistências à compressão axial, diametral, tração na flexão, impacto e módulo de elasticidade, dos novos traços e do concreto utilizado no Estudo de Caso, bem como, foram apresentadas as vantagens e desvantagens dessa mistura em relação ao concreto convencional. ABSTRACT: The fibers have been widely used for reinforcing concrete, and today, there are a plenty of them, like, polypropylene fibers, synthetic fibers, fibers with low carbon content andpolyethylene fibers. The use of fibers in cementitious mixtures promotes several improvements to the concrete, as, increased resistance to fatigue and impact, flexural toughness, increased capacity of energy absorption, that transfer stresses through the cracks, reducing the propagation and expansion, and more ductility, because unreinforced concrete, after the first fissure, the concrete becomes disabled. This research will analyze the main advantages of the application of macro synthetic structural fibers and micro AR glass fibers to concrete floors to reduce cracks. This paper aims to present a case study and two new features have been proposed using macro synthetic structural fibers and micro AR glass fibers addition on reinforced concrete on floors and one feature without fibers. Resistance to axial compression, diametrical compression, flexural thoughness, impact resistance and elasticity module were analyzed of the new features and the concrete used at case study, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this mixture comparing to conventional concrete.
Spiller kostholdet en rolle i utviklingen av type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Stene Lars Christian , Joner Geir
Published: July 2016

SAMMENDRAGMålsetningen med denne artikkelen er å diskutere litteraturen om kosthold og risiko for utvikling avtype 1 diabetes mellitus, med vekt på epidemiologiske studier. Vi vil også presentere litt om forskningsaktivitetenpå dette området i Norge. Vi har et godt teoretisk grunnlag for å anta at kostholdsfaktorerkan være involvert i etiologien til type 1 diabetes, og en rekke studier har bidratt med holdepunkter forat en sammenheng eksisterer. Det er flest studier på amming og avvenningskost, men også andre spesifikkekomponenter i kostholdet har vært implisert, for eksempel planteproteiner, nitrat i drikkevann ogenkelte vitaminer. Det er foreløpig amming og kumelk som ser ut til å være de mest lovende faktorermed tanke på muligheten for å kunne forebygge type 1 diabetes, men det er etter vårt syn foreløpig ikkegrunnlag for å gå ut med anbefalinger om kostholdsendringer.Stene LC, Joner G. Does diet play a role in type 1 diabetes? Nor J Epidemiol 2000; 10 (1): 71-78. ENGLISH SUMMARYThe aim of this article is to discuss the literature on diet and the risk of developing type 1 diabetesmellitus, with emphasis on epidemiologic studies. We will also briefly present some of the researchactivity in this field in Norway. We have a good theoretical foundation for assuming that dietary factorsmay play a role in the etiology of type 1 diabetes, and several studies have provided evidence that arelationship exists. Most of these studies are on infant feeding practices, but other specific factors, suchas plant proteins, nitrate and vitamins have also been implicated. Breast-feeding and cow’s milk are themost promising factors to date, but there is in our view still not sufficient evidence to recommendmodification of feeding practices in order to prevent type 1 diabetes.
Kroppsmasseindeks og vektutvikling: Hvilke forskjeller er det mellom kjønnene?
Authors: Graff-Iversen Sidsel , Øien Henriette
Published: July 2016

SAMMENDRAGDet er klare forskjeller mellom kvinner og menn når det gjelder gjennomsnittlig kroppsmasseindeks(KMI), forekomsten av fedme og undervekt og endring av dette med økende alder. Før 50-60 års alderer gjennomsnittlig KMI lavere hos kvinner enn hos menn og en lavere andel kvinner enn menn har KMI30 kg/m 2 eller mer (fedme), mens det i høyere alder er omvendt. I alle aldersgrupper er undervekt, slankingog ønske om vektreduksjon mer vanlig blant kvinner enn blant menn. Hos menn stiger gjennomsnittligKMI fram til 50 års alder, men blant kvinnene er det vist stigning helt fram til 60-70 års alder.Hvorfor er kjønnene ulike når det gjelder under- og overvekt? Selektiv tilvekst og tap av andre vev ennfett – styrt blant annet av kjønnshormoner – forklarer trolig en del. Men både norske data og internasjonaledata viser at gjennomsnittlig KMI og andelen som har fedme synker med økende utdanning. Detteer mest uttalt blant kvinner. Holder de ”flinke damene” seg slanke fordi de vet at en tynn kropp er særligviktig nettopp for dem, når det gjelder å være godt ansett og attraktiv i samfunnets høyere lag?Vektutviklingen var ulik for voksne kvinner og menn i en lang periode i dette århundre. Blant voksnemenn har gjennomsnittlig KMI steget jevnt fra 1960-årene fram til i dag. Hos kvinner lå vekten høyt i1960-årene, men avtok fram til 1975 for så å øke fra omkring 1980. Blant ungdom av begge kjønnfinner vi, i de data som foreligger, at gjennomsnittsvekten steg etter krigen, flatet ut i 1950 og gikk nedfra 1960 til 1975, for senere å stige. Hvilke forhold i etterkrigstiden har påvirket kjønnene spesifikt blantvoksne, men mer likt blant ungdom? Som mulige årsaker drøftes de ulike trendene for kvinner og mennnår det gjelder røyking og overgangen fra tungt til lettere fysisk arbeid.
Pharmacoepidemiology – current opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hallas Jesper
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPharmacoepidemiology is defined as the the study of the use and the effects of drugs in large groups ofpeople. It can be viewed as an epidemiological discipline with particular focus on drugs. The Scandinavianspioneered the developement of methods to study drug utilization. The ATC and DDD methodology is now awidely accepted consensus on how to categorise drugs and compare sales of drugs of different potency. Thehierachy of available designs to study drug effects is described. There is an inverse relationship between thevalidity of a study design and its resource requirements. One of the most pervasive methodological problemsof pharmacoepidemiology is the possibility of confounding by indication. Often, such confounding can onlybe handled by mounting a randomised trial. If a trial is unethical or unfeasible, the research question has thepotential of becoming af standing controversy. The emergence of large population based prescription databasesis an exciting new development in pharmacoepidemiology. The validity of drug exposure data is discussed.It is established that data from a pharmacy based database should be preferred over data from a GPbased database. Whether interview data are preferable to dispensing data can not be established in generalbut may occasionally be inferred from the context of the research question.
Kartlegging av kreftrisiko og årsakspesifikk dødelighet blant ansatte i norsk offshorevirksomhet
Authors: Strand Leif Åge
Published: July 2016

ENGLISH SUMMARYStrand LÅ. Cancer risk and cause-specific mortality among workers in the Norwegian offshoreoil industry. Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 137-142.The Cancer Registry of Norway has, in collaboration with the Norwegian oil industry association, started aproject investigating cancer risk and cause-specific mortality among workers in the Norwegian offshore oilindustry. The project started in 1996 by identifying the 61,300 present and former workers on the platformson the Norwegian continental shelf. The main contributors to the crew lists were oil companies, contractingcompanies, labour unions, safety training schools, and the national archives of Norway. In 1998 a selfadministeredquestionnaire was distributed by mail to the 57,000 workers alive and living in Norway. Thequestionnaire included questions on offshore job history, other occupations, leisure activities, and life-stylefactors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and nutrition.The study design of the project is a prospective cohort study, where cancer incidence and mortalityamong the exposed (the offshore workers) will be compared with the non-exposed (the general population).Factors known to cause cancer and other diseases in other industries are probably present in the offshorework environment. The offshore workers may also be exposed to harmful agents more or less specific forthe work on the platforms, such as crude oil, gas, and drilling mud. Intense work periods and long leaveperiods, a diet rich in fat and calories, cheap tobacco, a ban on alcohol consumption on the platform, andworry about helicopter flights and platform safety are also factors that may influence the workers' health.The overall response rate was 62%. The collected material will constitute a basis for research in thecoming decades. With regular intervals the cohort will be linked to the cancer database in the CancerRegistry and the Cause of Death Registry at Statistics Norway.Because they are a highly selected group, the offshore workers as a whole will probably be as healthy asthe general population, yet excesses in cancer incidence and certain causes of death among the most exposedworkers (i.e., maintenance workers, drilling personnel, welders, painters and cleaners) are expected.
Rectumcancerregisteret gir kvalitetsforbedring i kreftbehandlingen
Authors: Wibe Arne , Svensson Elisabeth , Bjerkeset Tormod , Carlsen Erik , Langmark Frøydis , Norstein Jarle , Wiig Johan N. , Søreide Odd
Published: July 2016

SAMMENDRAGResultatene etter operasjon for kreft i endetarmen har vært preget av høy frekvens av lokalt residiv og deravlav overlevelse. Resultater blant kurativt opererte i Norge i perioden 1986-88 viste at 28% utviklet lokaltresidiv og bare 55% overlevde fem år. For å bedre prognosen ved endetarmskreft (rectumcancer) ble det i1993 startet et nasjonalt prosjekt, og hensikten med denne studien er å evaluere effekten av de tiltak som bleiverksatt for å heve kvaliteten av behandlingen. Prosjektet har fokusert på å optimalisere kirurgisk behandlingved å innføre operasjonsmetoden ”Total Mesorectal Excision” (TME). I tillegg har en lagt vekt på åstandardisere de patologisk anatomiske undersøkelsene. En rekke kurs er blitt arrangert for å lære kirurgeneden nye operasjonsteknikken, mens patologer har gjennomgått kurs for å sikre kvaliteten i vurderingen avoperasjonspreparatene. Et nasjonalt register for endetarmskreft, etablert og drevet av fagmiljøene, ble opprettetved Kreftregisteret. Fra dette sentrale Rectumcancerregisteret får alle kirurgiske avdelinger regelmessigetilbakemeldinger om sine egne resultater. Fra november 1993 til desember 1999 ble det diagnostisert5382 nye tilfeller av endetarmskreft i Norge. Blant de 3432 (64%) som ble kurativt operert var det 8% somutviklet lokalt residiv etter en median observasjonstid på 31 måneder, og av de under 75 år var den estimerte5-års overlevelsen 71%. I 1999 ble mer enn 95% av pasientene operert med TME teknikken. Det nasjonalesamarbeidsprosjektet for kreft i endetarmen har hittil redusert frekvensen av lokale residiver fra 28% til 8%og øket 5-års overlevelsen fra 55% til 71%. Spesialutdanning av kirurger og patologer, og etablering avRectumcancerregisteret har vært viktige kvalitetsforbedrende tiltak i norsk kreftbehandling.Wibe A, Svensson E, Bjerkeset T, Carlsen E, Langmark F, Norstein J, Wiig JN, Søreide O,on behalf of Norsk Rectum Cancer Gruppe. The Norwegian Rectal Cancer Registry entailsquality improvement in cancer treatment. Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 159-163.  ENGLISH SUMMARYThe outcome following rectal cancer surgery has been characterised by high local recurrence rates and lowsurvival. In a Norwegian national audit, 28% of the patients developed local recurrence, and the 5-yearsurvival was 55% (patients
Lungekreft blant norske nikkelverksarbeidere: Nytt lys på en klassisk studie
Authors: Grimsrud Tom Kristian
Published: July 2016

SAMMENDRAGI 1973 ble det påvist økt risiko for lunge- og nese-/bihulekreft blant norske nikkelverksarbeidere i en epidemiologiskundersøkelse fra Kreftregisteret. Analysene var basert på 48 lungekrefttilfeller, og man fant atrisikoen var høyest i den gruppen som hadde lengst ansettelse i roste-, smelte- og elektrolyseavdelingene.Tilsvarende funn var tidligere gjort blant nikkelarbeidere i andre land, og undersøkelsen vakte oppsikt fordiforhøyet risiko også ble funnet blant ansatte i elektrolysen. Senere analyser med spesifikke eksponeringsdatahar vist at kreftfaren er nært knyttet til eksponering for vannløselige nikkelformer. Nye data er nå blitt samletinn i forbindelse med en pasient-kontroll-undersøkelse basert på 213 tilfeller av lungekreft og 525 kontrollpersoner.På bakgrunn av opplysningene er relativ risiko regnet ut ved hjelp av regresjonsmodeller derfølgende faktorer var inkludert: total varighet av ansettelse ved bedriften, eller varighet av ansettelse i ulikeavdelinger, tidspunkt for førsteansettelse og røykevaner. Resultatene fra pasient-kontroll-analysen bekreftetfunnene fra 1973 når disse ble regnet om til relativ risiko, og tydet på at konklusjonene fra den gang varvalide selv om analysene var basert på færre arbeidstakere, kortere observasjonstid, en forenklet inndelingav arbeidstakerene i henhold til deres avdelingshistorikk, og manglende opplysninger om røykevanene.Grimsrud TK. Lung cancer among Norwegian nickel-refinery workers: Reappraisial ofa classical study. Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 171-176.  ENGLISH SUMMARYIn 1973, increased risk of cancer of the lung and nasal cavities was demonstrated among Norwegian nickelworkers in a study from The Cancer Registry of Norway (Kreftregisteret). The analyses were based on 48cases of lung cancer and the highest risk was found in workers with the longest employment in the electrolysis,roasting, and smelting departments. The study gave supportive evidence to epidemiological findingsfrom other countries and was the first to identify an elevated risk in electrolysis workers. Evaluations basedon specific exposure information have indicated a clear carcinogenic effect from water-soluble nickel compounds.New information has been collected for a case-control study including 213 cases of lung cancer and525 controls. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of the following variables: duration ofemployment at the refinery as a whole, or in three different department groups (electrolysis, roasting andsmelting, and maintenance), time of first employment at the refinery, and smoking. The results from thecase-control analyses were in agreement with most of the relative rates derived from the 1973 paper, andindicated that the conclusions in the oldest study were valid despite a much lower number of study subjects,a shorter follow-up, a simple categorisation of employees according to work history, and an absence of dataon smoking habits.
Kreftrisiko blant norske papir- og cellulosearbeidere
Authors: Langseth Hilde
Published: July 2016

ENGLISH SUMMARYLangseth H. Cancer risk in Norwegian pulp and paper workers. Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 187-192.Results from a historical prospective cohort study on Norwegian pulp and paper workers showed a significantincrease in risk of lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, colon cancer and malignant melanomas amongmen, compared to the Norwegian population. The risk of lung cancer was highest among sulphite millworkers. The risk of pleural mesothelioma was highest among maintenance workers with asbestos exposure.Most of the increased risk in lung cancer can be explained by a combination of smoking habits andasbestos use, although an effect of other work-related exposures (sulfur and chloride compounds, wooddust) cannot be excluded. Among the female part of the cohort we found a significant excess in risk ofovarian cancer. The risk was highest among those younger than 55 years, and mostly among those workingin paper departments. Relatively little is known about the causes of ovarian cancer, but it is howeverknown that 5-7% can be explained by hereditary factors. Furthermore, fertility pattern plays a role.Asbestos and talc, which both have been used in the pulp and paper industry, are occupational and environmentalagents, discussed as possible carcinogens for ovarian cancer.
Agreement and the structure of relative clauses
Authors: Arsenijević Boban , Gračanin-Yuksek Martina
Published: July 2016

The paper proposes an account of asymmetries in agreement patterns that obtain in restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses headed by hybrid agreement nouns d(j)eca ‘children’, braća ‘brothers’, and gospoda ‘gentry’ in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS). We note that relative clauses headed by hybrid nouns display different possibilities of agreement morphology on the relative pronoun koji/a/e ‘which’, depending, on the one hand, on whether the relative clause is restrictive or non-restrictive and on the other, on the case of the relative pronoun. We argue that the observed differences are the result of a conspiracy of the following factors: (i) hybrid number-agreement nouns introduce a null plural pronoun unspecified for gender (Postal 1966; den Dikken 2001; Torrego and Laga 2015), (ii) all plural case forms of the relative pronoun except for nominative and accusative show full gender syncretism (Alsina and Arsenijević 2012b), and (iii) non-restrictive relative clauses involve a null definite pronoun and attach to the head noun higher than the restrictive relative clauses (Postal 1994; de Vries 2002; 2006). We maintain that the facts discussed in the paper argue against analyses which derive the differences between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses from their LF representations, rather than from their overt syntax.
Presentación No.17
Authors: Martínez Reyes Nelson Rubén
Published: July 2016

Diá-logos 17, 2016; 3-4
El problema de la educación superior
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: July 2016

La dinámica y cambios en la universidad –y por ende, en la educación superior– es objeto de preocupación y reflexión a nivel mundial. En nuestro país, el polémico tema del mercantilismo educativo y su impacto en la educación superior ha sido abordado no de manera amplia y sistemática, pero sí con espíritu crítico. De hecho, cuando el asunto se tocó por primera vez no dejó de sonar a una herejía, pues se daba por hecho que el estilo de educación superior de la postguerra era el mejor que podíamos tener.Diá-logos 17, 2016: 5-9
Escuela y violencia: estudio de caso del Instituto Nacional de Santa Lucía
Authors: Damas Solórzano Roberto Alexander
Published: July 2016

Este artículo presenta los resultados del estudio de caso en el Instituto Nacional de Santa Lucía, ubicado en el Municipio de Ilopango (El Salvador), donde se estudió la convivencia de la Comunidad Educativa de dicha institución y su relación con la violencia. Los resultados ilustran que el contexto actual tiende a dar exclusividad a la violencia pandilleril, invisibilizando otras manifestaciones de violencia de tipo directa, estructural y cultural. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian la existencia de otras concreciones de violencia que desde la teoría de Joseph Galtung, no son tomadas en cuenta para las diferentes intervenciones de prevención, planes o estrategias institucionales de prevención.Diá-logos 17, 2016: 11-25
Moodle como herramienta de evaluación: la experiencia del Bachillerato de Informática Empresarial en la UCR Sede de Occidente
Authors: Santamaría Sindy Porras
Published: July 2016

El presente artículo describe la experiencia personal en el uso de Moodle en la carrera de Bachillerato en Informática Empresarial en la Sede de Occidente de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se destaca aquí las facilidades que proporciona como una propuesta de evaluación emergente a través de diferentes funcionalidades tanto para la interacción con los estudiantes como las alternativas que ofrece a los procesos tradicionales de evaluación. Se busca además compartir los resultados y logros obtenidos con su uso a lo largo de los años en los diferentes cursos de la carrera.Diá-logos 17, 2016: 53-60
Evaluación continua y cooperativa: el caso del Bachillerato en Informática Empresarial, un primer acercamiento
Authors: González Herrera Denis
Published: July 2016

El presente estudio aborda la evaluación desde las estrategias formativas y cooperativas en el ambiente universitario. Se destaca aquí la aplicación de la evaluación sumativa, diagnóstica, autoevaluativa y coevaluativa, así como la importancia de una cultura de evaluación en el contexto universitario. Se exponen diversas estrategias de evaluación que permitan al docente universitario considerar alternativas sobre la evaluación sumativa al brindar una base teórica para evidenciar y fomentar el uso de otras estrategias evaluativas adecuadas en los ambientes universitarios. Se finaliza, abordando la contextualización de la experiencia adquirida en la Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede de Occidente.Diá-logos 17, 2016: 61-71
Editorial
Authors: Da Revista Brasileira de Climatologia Editores
Published: July 2016

Editorial
A CLIMATOLOGIA VOLTADA ÀS ATIVIDADES AERONÁUTICAS
Authors: Cabral Edson Cabral
Published: July 2016

Este artigo mostra de que formas o geógrafo pode auxiliar, com seu conhecimentointegrado dos vários elementos do meio, com as diversas aplicaçõesda Climatologia Aeronáutica, desde a participação em uma equipemultidisciplinar de um Estudo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental ou nopróprio dimensionamento de um aeroporto, na análise climatológica subsidiandouma previsão do tempo mais acurada, com a melhoria de modelos eprognósticos para a aviação, ou ainda, colaborando com estudos climatológicos,a partir de registros de aeroportos, com vários segmentos da sociedade,como empresas de abastecimento de água e energia elétrica, companhiaspetrolíferas, mineradoras, seguradoras dentre outras.
CLIMA, TROPICALIDADE E SAÚDE: UMA PERSPECTIVA A PARTIR DA INTENSIFICAÇÃO DO AQUECIMENTO GLOBAL.
Authors: Mendonça Francisco Mendonça
Published: July 2016

A climatologia, através da bioclimatologia humana, constitui um campo deestudos de interesse da saúde pública. Este interesse torna-se mais importanteno atual contexto das mudanças climáticas globais, pois que a intensificaçãodo aquecimento climático planetário é um fato aceito pela maiorparte de cidadãos e cientistas de todo o mundo. Elas poderão causar consideráveisimpactos na saúde de parcelas importantes da humanidade, todaviaocorrerão de maneira bastante distinta na superfície da Terra. Na zonatropical as alterações serão bem menos expressivas que aquelas a se processaremnas médias e altas latitudes. Nos trópicos, acredita-se, as doençastransmissíveis e parasitárias encontrarão melhores condições para suaexpansão, sendo que constituirão um elevado risco ante à vulnerabilidadeda maioria da população. Doenças como a malaria e a dengue, dentre outras,poderão ter seus espaços ampliados em latitude e em altitude, envolvendoum numero bastante elevado de vitimados num futuro próximo.
REGIONALIZAÇÃO SAZONAL E MENSAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL MÁXIMA NO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Pereira Britto Fabiane Da Revista da , Barletta Rodrigo , Mendonça Magaly
Published: July 2016

identificaros sistemas atmosféricos que atuam no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foramutilizados dados mensais de precipitação pluvial do período entre 1967 a1998, de 14 Estações Meteorológicas. O comportamento espaço – temporalda precipitação pluvial, foi analisado através da variabilidade sazonal e mensal.Totais médios de pluviosidade foram calculados para cada estação meteorológica.Posteriormente, efetuou-se uma análise e interpretação de distribuiçãodos totais de precipitação pluvial (sazonal e mensal) que possibilitarama análise e interpretação dos dados. Sazonalmente, no litoral e no centro-sul do Estado, os meses de inverno são os mais chuvosos, devido afreqüência de passagens dos sistemas frontais. No sudoeste do Estado, o outonoé mais chuvoso, devido a atuação dos bloqueios atmosféricos. No noroesteos meses da primavera são os mais chuvosos, devido a formação dosComplexos Convectivos de Mesoescala. No nordeste o verão é mais chuvoso,em função das chuvas convectivas associadas a sistemas atmosféricos comoa Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul.
MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES
Authors: Henrique Martins Teodoro Pacelli , Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim Margarete
Published: July 2016

A presente reflexão teve como finalidade analisar os fatores naturais eantrópicos que envolvem as mudanças climáticas e as demais escalastemporais do clima, objetivando contribuir para a discussão da temática. Umavasta referência foi utilizada, diferindo-se, principalmente, pelas escalastemporais e abordagens. Realmente, há aumento da temperatura média global,em especial nas últimas décadas. No entanto, tal fato não é, ainda,comprovado para os próximos anos, assim como o grau de responsabilidade decada fator do clima. Pode-se dizer que tanto os fatores naturais, quanto osantrópicos interferem nas variações climáticas, porém, quando há “alarmismoantrópico”, esse pode produzir efeitos contrários à sociedade, ao invés deconscientizá-la.
VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: INFLUÊNCIA DO FENÔMENO EL NIÑO OSCILAÇÃO SUL
Authors: Pereira Britto Fabiane , Barletta Rodrigo , Mendonça Magaly
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a variabilidade espacial e temporal daprecipitação pluvial no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizados dadosmensais de precipitação pluvial do período entre 1967 a 1998, de 14 EstaçõesMeteorológicas. O comportamento espaço – temporal da precipitação pluvial, foianalisado através da variabilidade interanual e anual. Totais médios depluviosidade foram calculados para cada estação meteorológica. Posteriormente,efetuou-se uma análise e interpretação de distribuição dos totais de precipitaçãopluvial que possibilitaram a análise e interpretação dos dados. Os resultados devariabilidade interanual mostram que os anos que apresentaram índicespluviométricos positivos e negativos estiveram associados aos fenômenos ElNiño Oscilação Sul. Em relação á variabilidade anual, chove mais na metadenorte do Estado (norte da latitude 30ºS) com totais superiores a 1500 mm doque na metade sul (ao sul de 30ºS) com totais inferiores a 1500 mm. São LuizGonzaga, Cruz Alta, Caxias do Sul e Bom Jesus apresentam os maiores totais deprecipitação pluvial. Santa Vitória do Palmar, Pelotas e Porto Alegre apresentamos menores totais de precipitação pluvial.
PRÉ-TEXTUAIS
Authors: Ra'e Ga - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise Revista
Published: July 2016

PRÉ-TEXTUAIS
POTENCIAL DENDROENERGÉTICO DA ESPÉCIE PELTOPHORUM DUBIUM (SPRENG.) TAUB. (CANAFÍSTULA) PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOCOMBUSTÍVEIS SÓLIDOS
Authors: Eckert Caroline Thaís , Frigo Elisandro Pires , Santos Kenia Gabriela dos , Bariccatti Reinaldo Aparecido , Souza Samuel Nelson Melegari de , Frigo Késia Damaris de Azevedo , Santos Rayssa Fernanda dos
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da madeira de espécie Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. (Canafístula) para geração de combustíveis sólidos, como alternativa de suprimento a setores industriais, nos formatos de pelete, briquete e fluff (maravalha). Determinou-se as características da madeira como a umidade, compostos voláteis e cinzas. A madeira obteve baixa quantidade de umidade e cinzas, assim como alto poder calorífico, contabilizando-a como uma boa alternativa florestal para suprimento energético.
Otimização do processo de destilação em planta piloto para produção de etanol hidratado
Authors: Teleken Joel Gustavo , Schneider Lara Talita , Bonassa Gabriela , De Oliveira Carlos De Jesus , Meier Thompson Ricardo Weiser , Parisotto Emanuelle Iaçana Berté , Teleken Jhony Tiago
Published: July 2016

A destilação é o processo de separação mais amplamente utilizado nas indústrias, onde a separação de componentes de líquidos miscíveis é feita através da diferença de volatilização de cada um destes. Obtendo as variáveis que proporcionam maior rendimento e menor gasto energético, o objetivo do trabalho é otimizar a produção fixando valores de: tempo necessário para produção de bioetanol dentro da especificação de álcool hidratado; taxa de refluxo; e vazão volumétrica de produto de topo. Seguiu-se um planejamento experimental em que os dados foram configurados a partir da metodologia de Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional. Realizaram-se 17 processos de destilação no sistema descontínuo e em cada um destes houve a alteração das variáveis: razão de refluxo, pressão de vapor do refervedor e porcentagem de álcool na mistura a ser destilada, analisando a influência das variáveis de entrada do processo sobre as variáveis respostas: tempo de start-up, volume de bioetanol produzido, vazão (L.h-1) de bioetanol produzido e graduação alcoólica do produto. Durante os experimentos monitorou-se os perfis de temperatura do destilador, alambique, condensador e deflegmador, analisando como o comportamento desses podem afetar o processo de destilação.
APLICAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE SILÍCIO NA CULTURA DO CRAMBE
Authors: Guedes Vinicius Roberto , Morais Mourão Simonetti Ana Paula , Rosa Helton Aparecido
Published: July 2016

The Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) is a brassicaceae from Ethiopia, and adapted in Mediterranean, its most important feature is about the production of vegetal oil. However, for being a culture recently widespread in Brazil, a few studies are found in literature about the effects and benefits of n in crambe’s culture. This work was conducted at the Farm School Assis Gurgacz College (FAG) in Cascavel - Paraná and aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon on productive aspects of crambe.. Was used the completely randomized desing, that the treatement was divide in: T1 – control; T2- syrup of silícon 0,10% with 2 aplications; T3 - syrup of silicon 0,15% with 3 aplications; T4 - silicon with inseticide and  T5 - only inseticide, that was recomendaded for this culture, resulting 20 parcels. Were evaluated after the crop cycle parameters: plant height, root dry mass, number of grains per plant and weight of 100 grains. Statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance with the help of ASSISTAT software. The use of silicon did not influence positively the production of crambe parameters, except for the number of grains.
Catálise Enzimática: Transesterificação do Óleo de Soja e Esterificação do Ácido Oleico via Lipases
Authors: Rosset Isac G. , Porto Andre L. M.
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O presente trabalho descreve o estudo da catálise enzimática em reações de transesterificação do óleo de soja e esterificação do ácido oleico. Foram estudadas as seguintes enzimas: Candida antarctica, Candida rugosa, Candida cylindracea, Hog pancreas, Porcine pancreas, Rhizopus niveus e Pseudomonas fluorescens. Todas as reações foram realizadas com 5,0% do biocatalisador e os rendimentos das reações foram determinados por CG-FID e os resultados expressos em percentagem (%) de conversão de ésteres. Tanto em reações de transesterificação quanto esterificação a lipase de maior eficiência foi a de Candida antarctica resultando em um rendimento na esterificação de 96,5% e na transesterificação o óleo de soja 84,1%. Todas as reações foram analisadas por CG-FID e RMN.Palavras-chave: Biodiesel, biocatálise, bioenergia.
REGENERAÇÃO IN VITRO DE CYRTOPODIUM PARANAENSE SCHLTR (ORCHIDACEAE) A PARTIR DE REGIÕES MERISTEMÁTICAS
Authors: Bellaver Larissa Aline , Kato Karina Mikie Miyake , Buttini Sabrina , Antonietti Daniela , Galli Susiane , Stefanello Suzana
Published: July 2016

Devido a exploração irregular das orquídeas, muitas delas se encontram ameaçadas de extinção.  Na tentativa de que a proliferação destas plantas seja garantida utilizam-se técnicas de cultivo in vitro. A utilização de regiões meristemáticas para a produção de protocormóides e posterior regeneração de plantas tem sido empregada com sucesso para diferentes espécies. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da utilização dos reguladores de crescimento ANA e BAP na formação de protocormóides a partir de ápices radiculares e segmentos foliares de Cyrtopodium paranaense. Os explantes foram seccionados e inoculados em meio de cultura MS suplementado com concentrações de ANA (0; 0,5 e 1 mg.L-1) e BAP (0; 0,5 e 1 mg.L-1)  totalizando 9 tratamentos. Os meios de cultura foram acrescidos de sacarose (30 g. L-1), geleificados com ágar (6,5 g. L-1). O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, a unidade experimental constou de um vidro contendo sete explantes, com quatro repetições.  Após a inoculação os frascos foram levados para B.O.D. com temperatura de 24º ± 2ºC e fotoperíodo de 16 horas. Semanalmente avaliou-se o aparecimento de modificações morfológicas como formação de calos e protocormóides. Na segunda semana de cultivo foi observada a formação de calos friáveis e esbranquiçados na extremidade seccionada dos ápices radiculares em todos os tratamentos. Os ápices foliares não apresentaram respostas morfogenéticas e secaram progressivamente. Após 180 dias de cultivo o número médio de  protocormóides por explante foi maior nos tratamentos com 0,5 mg.L-1  de BAP e 0,5 mg.L-1 de ANA e 1 mg.L-1  de BAP.