bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosted energy storage density of sandwich-structurecomposites: A unique strategy via introducing negative permittivity layer
Authors: Song Xiaoting , zhang Zidong , Fan Guohua , Wei Zaixin , Liu Yao , Fan Runhua
Published: July 2023

Dielectric materials exhibiting high power densities have garnered significant interest as crucial constituents for capacitors employed in energy storage systems and diverse electronic devices. Regrettably, the intrinsic low energy densities of dielectrics pose significant limitations to their practical application. Hence, the pursuit of enhanced energy storage properties and superior dielectric performance in dielectric materials necessitates the exploration of novel approaches to material design and processing. Here, a special design that introduces a negative-ε´ layer in a sandwich structure is explored for simultaneously realising high breakdown strength and permittivity, which are two critical factors influencing energy density. In a tri-layer composite, the outer positive-ε´ layer consisting of BN/PVDF offers high breakdown strength due to the presence of abundant BN sheets and micro-interfaces in the composite can effectively block the electric trees expansion. Simultaneously, the negative-ε´ layer of MWCNTs/PVDF provides elevated permittivity and enhanced energy density due to the synergistic effect between the positive and negative-ε´ layers, along with interfacial polarizations in the micro-interfaces connecting adjacent layers. As a result, the tri-layer composite, with a thickness ratio of 1:20:1, achieves an extraordinary permittivity of 432. Importantly, a high discharge energy density of approximately 27 J/cm3 is obtained by carefully balancing the dielectric properties of single layers. This investigation presents a novel insight on the design of high-energy-density dielectric materials through introducing a negative ε´ layer, offering significant benefits for energy storage applications.
Effective release of Ciprofloxacin and Rifampicin antibiotics from alginate-chitosan complex and its application against clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nejabatdoust Armin , Mirmiran Seyyed Danial , Salehzadeh Ali , Masouleh Farzaneh Reza
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and rifampicin (RMP) loaded on the calcium alginate (CaAlg) backbone through the electrostatic interaction of CaAlg/antibiotic (s) and chitosan-TPP nanoparticles (Cs-TPP NPs). The shape and functional groups were identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. SEM images show that the nanoparticles are spherical and granular with an average size of about 100–500 nm. FT-IR results showed bonds corresponding to the Cs-TPP NPs and CaAlg-Antibiotics (CaAlg-CIP, CaAlg-RMP) after the loading process. The tube adherence method (TM) was used to screen potent biofilm producers. The anti-biofilm capacity of Cs/CaAlg-CIP and Cs/CaAlg-RMP, along with free antibiotics was used against clinical strains in the tube method and results showed that the use of sub-MICs of nano-drugs (1/2 MIC) inhibited biofilm formation in the tested strains compared to free CIP and RMP (P < 0.05). The potential antimicrobial effect of Cs/CaAlg-CIP and Cs/CaAlg-RMP NPs against clinical strains was also evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) and a time-depending killing method. A robust inhibitory effect on bacterial growth even at low concentrations of Cs/CaAlg-CIP and Cs/CaAlg-RMP NPs (CONC 4 and 2 µg.mL─1) was observed compared with free drugs (CIP at 32 and RMP at 8.0 µg.mL─1), (P < 0.05). The time-kill kinetics assay showed that Cs/CaAlg-CIP and Cs/CaAlg-RMP NPs had faster and more lasting antibacterial effects than the free drug (s) on the tested strains. This study shows that loading CIP and RMP into CaAlg scaffolds and complexes with chitosan-TPP nanoparticles using the emulsification/internal gelation method increases the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics against clinical strains of S. aureus and thus might serve as a new type of antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Gender-specific Vulnerability on Climate Change and Food Security Status - A catchment approach on agroforestry systems - a multi-country case study
Authors: Amare Zerihun Yohannes , Freyer Bernhard , Stephane Ky Serge , Adama Ouéda , Mudombi Blessing , Nzuma Jean , Abebe Mekonen Getachew , Tesfaye Adane , Atinkut Birtukan , Asmamaw Tesfahun
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study was to assess gender specific smallholder farmers’ vulnerability levels against CC and food security, and the specific role of Agroforestry System. The study was conducted in Ethiopia (Zege Catchment) (ZC), Zimbabwe (Upper Save Catchment) (USC), and Burkina Faso (Nakambe Catchment) (NC).
The study employed a quantitative approach (n= 180) with a complement of a qualitative approach (n= 33 key informant interviews and 6 focus group discussions).
Households in ZC (58%), in NC (55%), and US (40%) do not cover their household food consumption from crop production. The focus group discussion and key informants’ interviews result confirmed that households are highly dependent in perennial (cash crops like Coffee, Mango, and Avocado) production than annual crop production. Exposure indicators in ZC (0.758), USC (0.774) and NC (0,944); and sensitivity indicators in ZC (0.849), and NC (0.937) are statistically significant and highly correlated with vulnerability and in the USC, the adaptive capacity (0.746) and exposure (0.774) are statistically significant and highly correlated with vulnerability.
Vulnerability levels of the NC are very high (0.75) (0.85 female and 0.65 male participants) as compared to the USC (0.66) (0.69 female and 0.61 male participants) and ZC (0.47) (0.34 female and 0.58 male participants). Female-headed households had statistically significantly lower vulnerability index compared to male in ZC, while male-headed households had statistically significantly lower vulnerability index compared to female in USC and in NC. The reason is land certification in ZC (80%), higher than US (10%) and NC (8%), which contribute is strengthening land holding rights of women.
Agroforestry practices variables across the study catchments had statistically significant contribution for households’ adaptive capacity. For example, average income (0.804) and TLU (0.780) in ZC and TLU (0.629) in USC; and average income (0.812), and TLU (0.705) in NC has the highest load and positively associated with adaptive capacity. In NC, households with no accessibility of agroforestry information (-0.745) have a significant negative correlation with adaptive capacity. We conclude that, agroforestry practices do have substantial benefit to increase women adaptive capacity and reduce their vulnerability to climate change and food insecurity.
Orbital Fractures Treated in a University Hospital of Southern Italy: Epidemiology, Outcomes and Prognostic Factors Resulting From 538 Retrospectively Analyzed Cases.
Authors: Colangeli Walter , Ferragina Francesco , Kallaverja Elvis , Celano Chiara , Cristofaro Maria Giulia
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Orbital fractures are common injuries and represent an interesting chapter in maxillofacial surgery. This retrospective study analyses data collected from 528 patients surgically treated at the University Hospital "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy, from 1st January 2007 to 31st January 2021.
Methods: The inclusion criteria were diagnosis of orbital bone fracture, complete clinical and radiological records, and a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Gender, age, aetiology, fracture type, treatment, surgery timing, and associated complications were analysed.
Results: The most frequent cause of trauma was road accidents (37.88%), followed by domestic accidents (25.95%). The manifestation of diplopia (72.35%), infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia (53.41%), extrinsic eye movement limitation (51.70%), and enophthalmos (41.29%), determined the indication for surgery. The sub-eyelid approach was preferred (79.36%). The study shows a statistical significance in the correlation between the severity of the herniation of the lower rectus muscle and the presence of preoperative diplopia (p-value = 0.00416); the same statistical significance has been found for the post-postoperative diplopia (p-value = 0.00385). Patients treated after two weeks after the trauma show a higher rate of diplopia and a greater limitation of long-term post-operative eye movements than those treated within two weeks (diplopia 23.08% vs. 15.56%; eye movements limitation 13.33% vs. 7.69%). Early surgical treatment (>14 days) appears to reduce the likelihood of functional and structural damage to the lower rectus muscle.
Conclusion: Our data will support future maxillofacial traumatology studies and the education and prevention measures taken will reduce the incidence of orbital trauma.
Update on the abundance and distribution of Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) in the Antarctic Peninsula region
Authors: Hallet Madeline , Lynch Heather J.
Published: July 2023

Several studies have examined the potential impacts of climate change on the abundance and distribution of Antarctic penguin species, particularly in the genus Pygoscelis. However, less attention has been given to traditionally sub-Antarctic penguin species. The Macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) is one such sub-Antarctic species whose presence in Antarctica has historically been restricted to colonies on the South Shetland Islands and adjacent islands, but their status in the region has not been updated in decades. We compiled census data on all known Macaroni penguin breeding colonies in the Antarctic Peninsula region in order to estimate the total Antarctic population. We estimate a population of 8,053 breeding pairs for the region, which represents an approximately 10.7% increase since the last regional census in 1993. We identify local population changes at different colonies in comparison to historical census data. We also identify vagrant sightings in the region, as they may reflect prospecting of new breeding habitat, especially as ice-free areas continue to expand due to climate change. Our assessment identifies the South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands as notable data gaps.
Fe-doped Carbon Dots: A Novel Biocompatible Nanoplatform for Multi-level Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Mingxi , Li Haiqiu , Liu Xinchen , Huang Lei , Zhang Boya , Liu Kexuan , Xie Wangni , Cui Jing , Li Daowei , Lu Laijin , Sun Honchen , Yang Bai
Published: July 2023

Background
Tumor treatment still remains a clinical challenge, requiring the development of biocompatible and efficient anti-tumor nanodrugs. Carbon dots (CDs) have become promising nanomedicines for cancer therapy due to its low cytotoxicity and easy customization.
Results
Herein, we introduced a novel type of “green” nanodrug for multi-level cancer therapy utilizing Fe-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs) derived from iron nutrient supplement. With no requirement for target moieties or external stimuli, the sole intravenous administration of Fe-CDs demonstrated unexpected anti-tumor activity, completely suppressing tumor growth in mice. Continuous administration of Fe-CDs for several weeks showed no toxic effects in vivo, highlighting its exceptional biocompatibility. The as-synthesized Fe-CDs could selectively induce tumor cells apoptosis by BAX/Caspase 9/Caspase 3/PARP signal pathways and activate antitumoral macrophages by inhibiting the IL-10/Arg-1 axis, contributing to its significant tumor immunotherapy effect. Additionally, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process was inhibited under the treatment of Fe-CDs by MAPK/Snail pathways, indicating the capacity of Fe-CDs to inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis.
Conclusions
A three-level tumor treatment strategy from direct killing to activating immunity to inhibiting metastasis was achieved based on “green” Fe-CDs. Our findings reveal the broad clinical potential of Fe-CDs as a novel candidate for anti-tumor nanodrugs and nanoplatform.
Crim1 involves in mechanical overloading-caused extracellular matrix degradation and type H vessels formation through the FAK-MAPK signaling pathway in osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Gang , Wang Tongyi , Yang Fei , Xue Bin , Zhang Pengfei , Kang Hui , Sang Chenglin
Published: July 2023

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common bone disease with the high disability rate. Mechanical overloading is vital for the pathogenesis of OA, and the precise mechanisms by which mechanical overloading regulates chondrocytes remain largely unclear.
Methods
The expression of Crysteine-Rich Transmembrane BMP Regulator-1 (Crim1) was assessed in vitro, in mice with experimental OA, and in cartilage of humans with OA. Destabilized medial meniscus surgery was performed to induce OA and mice with Crim1 knockout in chondrocytes were made. The effects of Crim1 gene silencing in chondrocytes on extracellular matrix metabolism and angiogenesis were observed in vivo and in vitro.
Results
Elevated the Crysteine-Rich Transmembrane BMP Regulator-1 (Crim1) levels are found in OA patients and OA mouse model. The silencing of Crim1 in human chondrocytes significantly alleviates the imbalance of extracellular matrix metabolism induced by mechanical overloading. Furthermore, chondrocytes with silenced Crim1 inhibits tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and endothelial cells migration through VEGF production. Col2a1cre; Crim1flox/flox mice protects against the development of OA by alleviating the degradation of articular cartilage and inhibiting the formation of type H vessels in the subchondral bone. Mechanistically, Crim1 is involved in the activation of the FAK/MAPK signaling pathway by mechanical overloading in chondrocytes.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that Crim1 is a promising candidate for targeting in the regulatory network of OA.
A Meta-Analysis for the Association of MATN1 Gene rs20566 Polymorphism with Mandibular Prognathism
Authors: Kurmi Pooja , Bhaskar LVKS
Published: July 2023

Mandibular prognathism (MP) is disfigurement of mandible which can be seen as an overgrowth of mandible without proper development of maxilla. Matrilin-1 was shown to regulate the formation of cartilage matrix and to promote chondrocyte differentiation. The aim of this meta-analysis is to synthesize evidence regarding the link between MP risk and the rs20566 polymorphism in the MATN1 gene. Relevant publications were retrieved by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The association between MP and the MATN1 gene rs20566 polymorphism was assessed by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Between study heterogeneity was identified using Cochrane Q test and I2 statistics. To assess robustness of the meta-analysis sensitivity analysis was performed. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to know publication bias. The web tool MetaGenyo was used to conduct a meta-analysis. A total of three Asian studies with 246 MP subjects and 204 healthy controls were eventually taken for meta-analysis. Overall, the MATN1 rs20566 polymorphism is not associated with elevated risk of MP (Dominant genetic model / AA + AG versus GG OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.32–5.67). The degree of heterogeneity is found to be large as it falls between 75–100% (I2=89% p = < 0.01). Furthermore, this meta-analysis provides no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.696). In conclusion, this meta-analysis did not provide the evidence for the link between MATN1 gene polymorphism in MP. As the present meta-analysis included only three studies related Asian populations and results also conflict with the biological plausibility that matrilin-1 levels modulate cartilage development, need careful interpretation and future research.
Predicting preterm birth using machine learning techniques in oral microbiome
Authors: Hong You Mi , Lee Jaewoong , Cho Dong Hyu , Jeon Jung Hun , Kang Jihoon , Kim Min-Gul , Lee Semin , Kim Jin Kyu
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPreterm birth prediction is essential for improving neonatal outcomes. While many machine learning techniques have been applied to predict preterm birth using health records, inflammatory markers, and vaginal microbiome data, the role of prenatal oral microbiome remains unclear. This study aimed to compare oral microbiome compositions between a preterm and a full-term birth group, identify oral microbiome associated with preterm birth, and develop a preterm birth prediction model using machine learning of oral microbiome compositions.MethodsParticipants included singleton pregnant women admitted to Jeonbuk National University Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Subjects were divided into a preterm and a full-term birth group based on pregnancy outcomes. Oral microbiome samples were collected using mouthwash within 24 hours before delivery and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed to analyze taxonomy. Differentially abundant taxa were identified using DESeq2. A random forest classifier was applied to predict preterm birth based on the oral microbiome.ResultsA total of 59 women participated in this study, with 30 in the preterm birth group and 29 in the full-term birth group. There was no significant difference in maternal clinical characteristics between the preterm and the full-birth group. Thirty-two differentially abundant taxa were identified, including 26 full-term birth-enriched taxa and six preterm birth-enriched taxa. The random forest classifier achieved high balanced accuracies (0.778 ± 0.061) using the 20 most important taxa.ConclusionOur study identified 32 differentially abundant taxa that could differentiate preterm and full-term birth groups. A preterm birth prediction model was developed using machine learning of oral microbiome compositions in mouthwash samples. Findings of this study suggest the potential of using oral microbiome for predicting preterm birth. Further multi-center and larger studies are required to validate our results before clinical applications.
Effects of combined application of benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microflora and systemic inflammation levels of weaned piglets
Authors: Wei Kai , Yang Xia , Zhao Huasheng , Chen Huanchun , Bei Weicheng
Published: July 2023

Background
Our previous study found that benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin have synergistic bactericidal effect, and the improvement effect of benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin on the growth performance and diarrhea of weaned piglets was better than that of the two feeding alone. However, it is not clear how the combination of benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin affects the growth performance of weaned piglets. Therefore, 100 weaned piglets (mean weight 7.03 ± 1.04 kg, mean weaning age 26 d) were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) basal diet control group (CON); (2) basal diet supplemented with 0.6% benzoic acid and 0.1% 1-monolaurin experimental group (CA). The experiment lasted from day 1 to day 28 after weaning. The effects of benzoic acid and 1-monolaurin supplementation on growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients, intestinal flora composition and function, and systemic inflammation level of weaned piglets were investigated.
Results
And it turns out, the feed conversion efficiency of piglets in CA group during 15–28 d and 1–28 d after weaning was significantly higher than that in CON group (P < 0.05), and the proportion and frequency of diarrhea of piglets in CA group 1–14 days after weaning were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of piglets in CA group were significantly higher than that in CON group on the 14 d and 28 d of the experiment (P < 0.05). The microbial composition in cecal digesta of piglets was detected. The results showed that piglets in CA group were significantly enriched in g_YRC22 at day 14 and g_Treponema, g_Pseudomonas and g_Lachnobacterium at day 28 (P < 0.05; log LDA > 2). There was no significant difference in the content of short-chain fatty acids between CON and CA group. In addition, compared with CON group, serum IL−1β level in CA group was significantly decreased at day 28 and serum endotoxin content was significantly decreased at day 14.
Conclusion
In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.6% benzoic acid and 0.1% 1-monolauryl improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility, affect gut microflora composition, and reduce systemic inflammatory response and intestinal permeability of weaned piglets. This provides a theoretical basis for the application of benzoic acid and 1-monolauryl on weaned piglets.
An efficient image cryptosystem based on the residue number system and hybrid chaotic maps
Authors: Kari Ahmad Pourjabbar , Ghomian Taher
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a new method for encrypting gray-scale digital images. The proposed method uses a combination of the residue number system and chaotic maps to avoid the complexities of high-dimensional chaotic maps and improve the security of encryption and processing speed. In this method, the image pixel coordinates confusion operation is performed by Arnold's cat map, and the pixel content diffusion step is performed in two phases. In the first phase, the contents of the image pixels are converted to the introduced {(r-1)a, rb, (r + 1)c} residue number system and stored in a matrix. At the same time, a chaotic system produces a combination of Sinusoidal and Logistic maps of chaotic sequences, and after quantization, they are converted into the introduced residue number system and stored in another matrix of the same size. In the second phase of diffusion, XOR operation is performed between these two matrices. The implementation results show that the use of the residue number system, in addition to improving the evaluation parameters, improves the processing time, and the average processing time for encryption is 0.15 seconds. Also, the uniform histogram, the entropy of about 8, and the correlation coefficient close to 0 of the encrypted images all demonstrate the high security of the proposed method.
Increased cerebral lactate levels in adults with autism spectrum disorders compared to non-autistic controls: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Maier Simon , Nickel Kathrin , Lange Thomas , Oeltzschner Georg , Dacko Michael , Endres Dominique , Runge Kimon , Schumann Anke , Domschke Katharina , Rousos Michalis , Elst Ludger Tebartz van
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses a heterogeneous group with varied phenotypes and etiologies. Identifying pathogenic subgroups could facilitate targeted treatments. One promising avenue is investigating energy metabolism, as mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a subgroup of ASD. Lactate, an indicator of energy metabolic anomalies, may serve as a potential biomarker for this subgroup. This study aimed to examine cerebral lactate (Lac+) levels in high-functioning adults with ASD, hypothesizing elevated mean Lac+ concentrations in contrast to neurotypical controls (NTCs).
Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to study cerebral Lac+ in 71 adults with ASD and NTC, focusing on the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). After quality control, 64 ASD and 58 NTC participants remained. Lac+ levels two standard deviations above the mean of the control group were considered elevated.
Results: Mean PCC Lac+ levels were significantly higher in the ASD group than in the NTC group (p=0.028; Cohen's d = 0.404), and 9.4% of the ASD group had elevated levels as compared to 0% of the NTCs (p=0.029). No significant correlation was found between blood serum lactate levels and MRS-derived Lac+ levels.
Limitations: A cautious interpretation of our results is warranted due to a p-value of 0.028. In addition, a higher than anticipated proportion of data sets had to be excluded due to poor spectral quality.
Conclusion: This study confirms the presence of elevated cerebral Lac+ levels in a subgroup of adults with ASD, suggesting the potential of lactate as a biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction in a subgroup of ASD. The lower-than-expected prevalence (20% was expected) and moderate increase require further investigation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and relationships with mitochondrial function.
Effects of Processing on the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content and the Phytochemical Analysis of Groundnut Seeds (Arachis hypogeae)
Authors: Sanni Joseph Adaviruku , Sanni Grace Omayoza , Awoniyi Rufus Ranmilowo , Osanyinlusi Remi , Richards Yvonne Ego , Adesina Goodness Inioluwa , Adenuga Ore-ofe Oluwatoyin , Apata Stella Ayomikun , Ekun Oluwafemi Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

Evaluation of the effects of processing on the proximate composition, mineral content, and phytochemical screening of Arachis hypogaea seeds were carried out using standard analytical methods. Raw, boiled and fried (Arachis hypogaea) seeds were analyzed for proximate composition, mineral contents, and phytochemical screening. The result reported that the raw, boiled, and fried contains (5.357 ± 0.190%, 4.545 ± 0.050% and 3.896 ± 0.015%, moisture contents), (2.401 ± 0.011%, 3.225 ± 0.004% and 2.816 ± 0.001%, ash contents), (46.591 ± 0.001%, 25.333 ± 0.003% and 48.012 ± 0.953%, crude fat), (4.126 ± 0.887%, 15.001 ± 0.030% and 7.692 ± 0.002%, crude fibre), (19.520 ± 0.040%, 21.580 ± 0.040% and 23.540 ± 0.000%, crude protein), (22.005 ± 0.587%, 30.316 ± 0.056% and 14.044 ± 0.939%, carbohydrate) respectively. A significant difference between the nutritional value of the raw and heat-processed samples was observed. Boiling reduces the moisture contents and crude fat. The crude protein, crude fat, and ash contents were increased in the processed samples and the carbohydrate increased with boiling when compared to the raw and fried groundnut. Processing has significant effects on the mineral components of the groundnut. The results revealed that raw, boiled and fried contains (56.900mg/100g, 48.400mg/100g and 35.00mg/100g Sodium), (0.215mg/100g, 0.185mg/100g and 0.540mg/100g Zinc), (65.500mg/100g, 42.700mg/100g and 25.500mg/100g Magnesium), (0.218mg/100g, 0.230mg/100g and 0.230mg/100g Iron), (0.250mg/100g, 0.110mg/100g and 0.100mg/100g Manganese). The phytochemical screening shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates and proteins in all the samples and the result reveals that processing does not really have effect on phytochemical constituents. The investigation shows that fresh groundnut is a good source of mineral content, while raw and processed groundnut is a good source of some phytochemical constituents and processed groundnut is a good source of protein, fat, and carbohydrate with high nutritional value.
Lymph node ratio and hematological parameters predict relapse-free survival in Patients With high grade rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms after radical resection: A multicenter prognostic study
Authors: Zeng Xinyu , Zhang Peng , Zhu Guangsheng , Li Chengguo , Zhang Rui , Yu Minhao , Lin Guole , Di Maojun , Jiang Congqing , Li Yong , Sun Yueming , Xia Lijian , Chi Pan , Tao Kaixiong
Published: July 2023

Background
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lymph node ratio (LNR) are reportedly related to prognosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical importance of the LNR and hematological parameters in patients with high grade rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (HG-RNENs) who were undergoing radical resection.
Methods
We reviewed the medical records of patients with HG-RNENs from 17 large-scale medical centers in China (January 1, 2010-April 30, 2022). A nomogram was constructed by using a proportional hazard model. Bootstrap method was used to draw calibration plots to validate the reproducibility of the model. Concordance index (C-Index), decision curve analysis (DCA) and time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (TD-AUC) analysis were used to compare the prognostic predictive power of the new model with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging and European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) TNM staging.
Results
A total of 85 patients with HG-RNENs were enrolled in this study. In patients with HG-RNENs who underwent radical resection, PNI ≤ 49.13 (HR: 3.997, 95% CI: 1.379–11.581, P = 0.011), ALP > 100.0 U/L (HR: 3.051, 95% CI: 1.011–9.205, P = 0.048), and LNR > 0.40 (HR: 6.639, 95% CI: 2.224–19.817, P = 0.0007) were independent predictors of relapse-free survival. The calibration plots suggested that the nomogram constructed based on the 3 aforementioned factors had good reproducibility. The novel nomogram revealed a C-index superior to AJCC TNM staging (0.782 vs 0.712) and ENETS TNM staging (0.782 vs 0.657). Also, the new model performed better compared to AJCC TNM staging and ENETS TNM staging in DCA and TD-AUC analysis.
Conclusions
LNR, ALP and PNI were independent prognostic factors in patients with HG-RNENs after radical resection, and the combined indicator had better predictive efficacy compared with AJCC TNM staging and ENETS TNM staging.
Implication of agricultural practices in the micro-geographic heterogeneity of malaria transmission in Bouna, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Beke Obo Armel-Hermann , Assi Serge-Brice , Kokrasset Akedjro Paul Harvey , Dibo Kacou Jean Denis , Tanoh Méa Antoine , Danho Matthias , Remoué Franck , Koudou Guibehi Benjamin , Poinsignon Anne
Published: July 2023

Background
Wetlands and irrigated agricultural crops create potential breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes, leading to a heterogeneity in malaria transmission. In agricultural areas, heterogeneity of malaria transmission is often associated with the presence of hotspots consisting of localized clusters of higher transmission intensity. This study aims to identify micro-geographic hotspots of malaria transmission in an agricultural setting using a multidisciplinary approach.
Methods
We conducted two cross-sectional surveys at the end of the dry season and at the peak of the rainy season in rural and urban sites in Bouna, northeastern Côte d'Ivoire. We randomly selected 296 individuals from 148 farming households and collected sociological, geographical, entomological, and clinical data as well as blood samples during each visit. We compared parasitological data and Anopheles exposure (measured using entomological and immunological methods) with demographic, agricultural, and geographic data to identify drivers of malaria transmission. Heat maps combining these data were used to identify households with ongoing malaria transmission throughout the year.
Results
In rural areas, Plasmodium prevalence was consistent between the dry and the rainy seasons, with roughly half of the population presented with an infection. In urban areas, malaria transmission indicators were lower, with a parasite prevalence of less than 20%, which remained comparable between the dry and the rainy season. The presence of irrigated crops and proximity to wetlands were associated with increased Anopheles exposure. By mapping Plasmodium infection and Anopheles exposure, we identified 2 different types of hotspots of malaria transmission: micro-geographical scale and local scale hotspots.
Conclusions
The presence of wetlands in urban areas and irrigated agriculture in rural areas resulted in heterogeneity in malaria transmission on a micro-geographical scale. These specific households present particular risk of malaria transmission and could fuel malaria transmission in surrounding households. The identification of micro-geographical areas using heat maps combining several epidemiological parameters can help to identify hotspots of malaria transmission. The implementation of malaria control measures, such as seasonal chemoprophylaxis or vector control, in these areas could help to reduce the incidence of malaria and facilitate its elimination.
EngAGE4Change: Co-creating outdoor community spaces with care home residents and community-dwelling older adults to improve movement behavior and reduce social isolation. - A Health CASCADE study
Authors: Zapata-Restrepo Jorge Raul , Dall Philippa , Skelton Dawn A , Paw Mai Chin A , Longworth Giuliana R , Torné Sacra Morejón , Giné-Garriga Maria
Published: July 2023

The provision of inclusive indoor and outdoor spaces is essential for achieving age-friendly cities and addressing complex health inequalities. Older adults, especially care home residents, are the least active and most sedentary segment of the population, and are more likely to be isolated and experience loneliness. They also present more difficulties accessing spaces to engage in physical activity and social interaction. This protocol proposes the use of co-creation as an overarching approach to position end-users and key stakeholders as decision-making agents in an urban design and spatial planning project. EngAGE4Change focuses on the older adult population (60+ years old) of the Dreta de l'Eixample neighborhood in the city of Barcelona. The participants of this study, known as “co-creators” will consist of two (2) groups of 8 to 12 older adults (residents from 2 selected care homes and community-dwellers from a daycare/community center), 3 relatives, 2 health professionals, 2 care-home staff members, 1 researcher, and 2 urban design and planning professionals. The co-creation process will be geared towards designing common spaces and urban community spaces near care homes to improve movement patterns and reduce social isolation. The group of co-creators will lead the concept ideation, refinement, and project delivery stages with the use of several methods. The project will test process and outcome evaluation guidelines for co-creation, as well as the incorporation of Augmented Reality/ Virtual Reality (AR/VR) technologies to deliver a spatial prototype as a result of the co-creation process.
Calculation of Flux density in Air-Gap for Reluctance Motor with Two Ports (Double-Stator, Double- Rotor) by Fourier Series
Authors: Shirzad Ehsan
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a model based on Fourier series is presented to predict value of flux density in airgap with respect to mechanical angle for double-stator, double-rotor reluctance motor (DSDRRM). The DSDRRM is an excellent choice to be used as the electric motor in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to integrating two rotors and two stators into a compact structure and robust structure but torque ripple in this type of machines is high then special and fast model is necessary to design that proposed model can help us to have fast design. Point to point components of radial and tangential for DSDRRM are shown in figures compared between proposed model and finite element analysis (FEA) that the approach can be used for the magnetic field calculation in DSDRRM with any combination of rotor- and stator-pole number eventually, after putting analytical outputs on numerical outputs, efficacy of proposed model is validated.
Improving the DENOVA score with the time to blood culture positivity in community acquired Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez M Teresa , Lima Olalla , Garrido Martín , Rincón Anniris , Martínez-Lamas Lucía , Pérez-González Alexandre , Araújo Alejandro , Amoedo Antía , Sousa Adrián , López Ana , Cabrera Xurxo , Rubianes Martín
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION: DENOVA index has been developed to stratify the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia. Recently, time to positive (TTP) of blood cultures of E. faecalis has also be related with a higher risk of IE. The objective of the study was to evaluate DENOVA scale with TTP to improve de specificity of the score.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective, case-control study in adult patients with E. faecalis bacteremia. Patients with definite enterococcal IE were classified as cases. Patients with enterococcal bacteremia and after exclusion of IE were included as control. The probability that DENOVA ± TDP correctly diagnoses patients with IE was estimated using ROC curves.
RESULTS: A total of 39 patients with definite E. faecalis IE and 82 patients with E. faecalis bacteremia were included. Nosocomial-acquired bacteremia was observed in 43% of patients. The best value of AUC was obtained by the DENOVA scale without TTP, (AUC = 0.896). In the community bacteremia subgroup, the addition of a TTP ≤ 8 hours to the DENOVA scale improved the accuracy in the prediction of IE (AUC = 0.914). A shorter TTP was not related with a worse prognosis in patients with E. faecalis bacteremia. The only factor related with poor clinical outcome was a Charlson index ≥ 3 (OR 3.4, 95% CI [1.21–9.62], p = 0.020).
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with E. faecalis community-acquired bacteremia, the TTP ≤ 8 hours associated with the DENOVA score could improve the prediction of this index in the detection of patients with IE.
Position of Polyclithrum within Gyrodactylidae (Monogenoidea): incongruences between morphological and molecular phylogenies
Authors: Ciccheto Juliana Rosa Matias , Razzolini Emanuel Luis , De Buron Isaure , Boeger Walter Antonio
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to enhance our understanding in monogenoid evolution by using morphological and molecular data to determine kinship relationships between species and changes in morphological structures over time. We focused on variations in characteristics among the organisms of the family Gyrodactylidae, concentrating on the phylogenetic position of Polyclithrum with other genera in the family. We collected specimens of Polyclithrum from the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus and Swingleus, and Fundulotrema specimens from mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus in estuarine systems of South Carolina, United States. In addition, we analyzed them and other genera (including e.g., Mormyrogyrodactylus, Gyrodactyloides, and Macrogyrodactylus) using both morphological and molecular (18S rDNA) approaches. We performed phylogenetic trees based on Maximum Parsymony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, and constructed a character morphological matrix by Parsimony Reconstruction of Ancestral Character States method. Our results suggest a homoplastic origin with evolutionary convergences in characters, revealing that there is inconsistency between our data and previously published works based solely on morphological structures of the group. The homoplasy scenario found in Gyrodactylidae can be a result of the limited set of putative homologous morphological features. However, differences between the phylogenies based on morphology and those based on molecular data may arise from both databases. While morphology remains essential in understanding the evolution of this group, molecular data, otherwise, provide a less biased source of information for constructing phylogenetic hypotheses. Combining these data facilitates a better comprehension of the homologous status of morphological features and to understand Gyrodactylidae evolutionary history.
Two-center validation of Pilot Tone Based Cardiac Triggering of a Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Examination
Authors: Pan Yue , Varghese Juliet , Tong Matthew S. , Yildiz Vedat O. , Azzu Alessia , Gatehouse Peter , Wage Rick , Nielles-Vallespin Sonia , Pennell Dudley , Jin Ning , Bacher Mario , Hayes Carmel , Speier Peter , Simonetti Orlando P.
Published: July 2023

Background
The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is prone to distortions from gradient and radiofrequency interference and the magnetohydrodynamic effect during cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Although Pilot Tone Cardiac (PTC) triggering has the potential to overcome these limitations, effectiveness across various CMR techniques has yet to be established.
Purpose
To evaluate the performance of PTC triggering in a comprehensive CMR exam.
Methods
Fifteen volunteers and twenty patients were recruited at two centers. ECG triggered images were collected for comparison in a subset of sequences. The PTC trigger accuracy was evaluated against ECG in cine acquisitions. Two experienced readers scored image quality in PTC-triggered cine, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and T1- and T2-weighted dark-blood turbo spin echo (DB-TSE) images. Quantitative cardiac function, flow, and parametric mapping values obtained using PTC and ECG triggered sequences were compared.
Results
Breath-held segmented cine used for trigger timing analysis was collected in 15 volunteers and 14 patients. PTC calibration failed in three volunteers and one patient; ECG trigger recording failed in one patient. Out of 1987 total heartbeats, three mismatched trigger PTC-ECG pairs were found. Image quality scores showed no significant difference between PTC and ECG triggering. There was no significant difference found in quantitative measurements in volunteers. In patients, the only significant difference was found in post-contrast T1 (p = 0.04). ICC showed moderate to excellent agreement in all measurements.
Conclusion
PTC performance was equivalent to ECG in terms of triggering consistency, image quality, and quantitative image measurements across multiple CMR applications.
Efficient expression in the prokaryotic host system, purification and structural analyses of the recombinant human ACE2 catalytic subunit as a hybrid protein with the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB-ACE2)
Authors: Ghahramani Maryam , Shahsavani Mohammad Bagher , Khaleghinejad Seyed Hossein , Niazi Ali , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar , Yousefi Reza
Published: July 2023

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has a specific interaction with the coronavirus spike protein, enabling its entry into human cells. This membrane enzyme converts angiotensin II into angiotensin 1–7, which has an essential role in protecting the heart and improving lung function. Many therapeutic properties have been attributed to the human recombinant ACE2 (hrACE2), especially in combating complications related to diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as, preventing the coronavirus from entering the target tissues. In the current study, we designed an appropriate gene construct for the hybrid protein containing the ACE2 catalytic subunit and the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB-ACE2). This structural feature will probably help the recombinant hybrid protein enter the mucosal tissues, including the lung tissue. Optimization of this hybrid protein expression was investigated in BL21 bacterial host cells. Also, the hybrid protein was identified with an appropriate antibody using the ELISA method. A large amount of the hybrid protein (molecular weight of ∼100 kDa) was expressed as the inclusion body when the induction was performed in the presence of 0.25 mM IPTG and 1% sucrose for 10 hrs. Finally, the protein structural features were assessed using several biophysical methods. The fluorescence emission intensity and oligomeric size distribution of the CTB-ACE2 suggested a temperature-dependent alteration. The β-sheet and α-helix were also dominant in the hybrid protein structure, and this protein also displays acceptable chemical stability. In overall, according to our results, the efficient expression and successful purification of the CTB-ACE2 protein may pave the path for its therapeutic applications against diseases such as covid-19, diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
The endangered plant Tetracentron sinense Oliv. (Tetracentraceae) populations: genetic diversity, structure and dynamic history based on SSR markers for its conservation
Authors: Tian Zhongqiong , Duan Fan , Mao Weili , La Qiong , Gan Xiaohong
Published: July 2023

Tetracentron sinenseOliver, as a tertiary living fossil, a dramatic decline inT. sinensepopulation amounts, genetic resources depletion and recent human activities have shaped habitat fragmentation of relict and endangered plants, although there is ample evidence of its great medicinal, economic and ecological value. However, little is known about the genetic evolution ofT. sinense. With this work, 193 individuals from 22 naturalT. sinensepopulations regarding its genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and demographic history using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to clarify its evolution models and develop scientific conservation strategies. We evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of 193T. sinenseindividuals based on 14 SSR markers. At the species level,PPL, IandHewere 100%, 1.631 and 0.559, respectively. At the population level,Na,Ne, I,Hoand He were 3.221, 2.505, 0.937, 0.434 and 0.566, respectively. The results revealed high genetic diversity at the species level and within populations. Individuals were structured into three main clusters (K = 3) with significant genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.31). Demographic history analysis showed thatT. sinensedifferentiated according to the radial differentiation model. The differentiation occurred 1.115×104to 2.23×104years ago during Last Glacial Maximum. The twenty–twoT. sinensepopulations revealed moderate genetic diversity and seemed to be structured into three clusters with high differentiation suggesting its preserved the evolutionary potential and the Hengduan Mountains and Qinling Mountains act as the two major glacial refuges. High differentiation caused by long–term geographic isolation may lead to the population extinction. The radial differentiation model suggested thatT. sinenseoriginated from common ancestor.
Can Internet regulation encourage companies to produce low-carbon products? — The effective stability of Internet supervision and punishment mechanism
Authors: Feng Yu , Wang Ming Jian
Published: July 2023

Because of the short-term diseconomies and externalities of low-carbon products, effective government intervention becomes a necessary tool for enterprises to produce low-carbon products. Under government regulation, a dynamic evolutionary game model is used for theoretical analysis. And the case data of new energy vehicle enterprises are used for simulation to explore the implementation effects of different punishment mechanisms on enterprises' production of low-carbon products. The results show that: (i) in the game between government and enterprises, consumers' green preferences, the differentiation between low-carbon products and high-carbon products, including the difference in cost and environmental friendliness, the market demand, and the purchase cost are important factors affecting game strategies. (ii) Under traditional regulatory, both the static and dynamic penalty mechanisms are favorable for enterprises to adopt the strategy of producing low-carbon products. What' more, the stronger the penalty, the faster the enterprises transform to produce low-carbon products. (iii) Under Internet regulatory, the strong dynamic penalty mechanism can better promote enterprises to produce low-carbon products, while the static penalty mechanism can't promote enterprises to produce low-carbon products effectively. On this basis, it is suggested that while regulating enterprises' production behavior, the government could also increase the demand for green consumption to pull enterprises to produce low-carbon products. In addition, it is suggested that the government's regulatory approach should be matched with the penalty mechanism, and the synergistic effect among regulatory instruments should be skillfully utilized, so as to promote the process of sustainable social development.