bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sibling position, gender, and family networks in Mexican and Senegalese migration
Authors: Liu Mao‐Mei , Riosmena Fernando , Creighton Mathew J.
Published: June 2018

This paper examines the gendered roles of sibling position and network‐derived social capital in Mexican and Senegalese international migration. We investigate how men's and women's migration decisions are associated with their position within the nuclear family before and after accounting for nuclear family migrant networks. Crucially, we also estimate how sibling network “effects” are gendered. We analyse 2 comparable household surveys in very distinct settings where family obligations may vary: the Mexican Migration Project (1998–2012) and the Migration between Africa and Europe–Senegal project (2008). Using discrete‐time event history analysis, we find that—without controls for nuclear family migrant networks—younger siblings in Mexico appear more likely to migrate than their older counterparts, whereas the opposite is true in Senegal. After we control for family migrant networks, however, older siblings in both countries and of both sexes are more likely to migrate. Despite these commonalities, migrant sibling networks appear to be gendered differently in the 2 countries. Although Mexican men are most influenced by migrant brother networks and Mexican women are most influenced by sister networks, evidence for Senegal is mixed and destination‐dependent. Brother networks motivate Senegalese men's and women's migration to Europe, whereas nearly all sibling networks, regardless of gender, influence Senegalese migration within Africa.
Tissue‐Specific Analysis of Pharmacological Pathways
Authors: Hao Yun , Quinnies Kayla , Realubit Ronald , Karan Charles , Tatonetti Nicholas P.
Published: June 2018

Understanding the downstream consequences of pharmacologically targeted proteins is essential to drug design. Current approaches investigate molecular effects under tissue‐naïve assumptions. Many target proteins, however, have tissue‐specific expression. A systematic study connecting drugs to target pathways in in vivo human tissues is needed. We introduced a data‐driven method that integrates drug‐target relationships with gene expression, protein‐protein interaction, and pathway annotation data. We applied our method to four independent genomewide expression datasets and built 467,396 connections between 1,034 drugs and 954 pathways in 259 human tissues or cell lines. We validated our results using data from L1000 and Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB), and observed high precision and recall. We predicted and tested anticoagulant effects of 22 compounds experimentally that were previously unknown, and used clinical data to validate these effects retrospectively. Our systematic study provides a better understanding of the cellular response to drugs and can be applied to many research topics in systems pharmacology.
Reliable exponential filtering for singular Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delays and sensor failures
Authors: Liu Guobao , Xu Shengyuan , Park Ju H. , Zhuang Guangming
Published: June 2018

This paper deals with the problem of exponential
filtering for singular Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delays subject to sensor failures. The main objective is to design a reliable filtering such that the considered filtering error system in the presence of a time‐varying delay and sensor failures is mean‐square exponentially admissible with a specified decay rate and simultaneously satisfies an
performance. First, the delay interval is partitioned into m subintervals and a novel mode‐dependent stochastic Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional is constructed. By using the reciprocally convex inequality in each subinterval, sufficient conditions of exponential
performance analysis are developed for the considered filtering error system. Then, based on these conditions, the existence conditions of the desired reliable filter are derived and the filter parameters are obtained. It should be mentioned that all the results presented here are not only dependent on the time delay but also dependent on the decay rate and the partitioning size. Furthermore, all the conditions are established in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the less conservatism and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Robust sampled‐data control for Itô stochastic Markovian jump systems with state delay
Authors: Chen Guoliang , Sun Jian , Xia Jianwei
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the problem of robust sampled‐data control for Itô stochastic Markovian jump systems (Itô SMJSs) with state delay is investigated. Using parameters‐dependent Lyapunov functionals and some stochastic equations, we give stochastic sufficient stability criteria for polytopic uncertain Itô SMJSs. As a corollary, stochastic sufficient stability criteria are given for nominal Itô SMJSs. For this two cases of Itô SMJSs, based on the obtained stochastic stability criteria, their time‐independent sampled‐data controllers are designed, respectively. Then, for designing a time‐dependent sampled‐data controller for Itô SMJSs, a parameters‐dependent time‐scheduled Lyapunov functional is developed. New stochastic sufficient stability criteria are obtained for polytopic uncertain Itô SMJSs and nominal Itô SMJSs. Furthermore, their time‐dependent sampled‐data controllers are designed, respectively. Lastly, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Ytterbium (III) triflate/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: A Versatile Recyclable and Water‐Tolerant Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs)
Authors: Tornquist Bruna Luisa , de Paula Bueno Gabriel , Manzano Willig Julia Caroline , de Oliveira Isadora M. , Stefani Helio A. , Rafique Jamal , Saba Sumbal , Almeida Iglesias Bernardo , Botteselle Giancarlo V. , Manarin. Flávia
Published: June 2018

Herein, we report the application of ytterbium(III) triflate as an efficient and versatile catalyst to synthesize bis(indolyl)methanes. The coupled products were obtained in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions and in a short reaction time. The catalyst was readily recovered from the reaction mixture and could be reused without any loss of activity. Moreover, the study of photophysical properties of bis(indolyl)methanes was also performed.
Biocatalyst Mediated Synthesis of Tryptanthrins Performed Under Ultrasonication
Authors: Mane Ananda H. , Patil Audumbar D. , Kamat Siddharth R. , Salunkhe Rajashri S.
Published: June 2018

The concomitant exploitation of two of the green chemistry tools viz., sonication and biocatalysis is reported here for the synthesis of natural alkaloid, tryptanthrin (indolo[2, 1‐b]quinazoline‐6,12‐dione). High intensity ultrasound was applied to facilitate the release of enzymes by disruption of cells of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) as a biocatalyst. The coupled system is an excellent instance to enhance the rate of biocatalyzed reaction and proved to be green alternative to existing methodologies for the synthesis of tryptanthrins. The present method is bestowed with merits such as mild and clean reaction conditions, operational simplicity, tolerance for a wide variety of substituents, green aspects through the avoidance of toxic metal catalysts and affords highly selective conversion with no byproducts.
Investigating the Catalytic Performance of Graphene Oxide –Polyaniline –Lignosulfonate Nanocomposite in the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines via a Four‐Component Reaction
Authors: Emami Atefeh , Ghafuri Hossein , Kenari Moghadaseh Keshvari , Maleki Ali
Published: June 2018

In this research, graphene oxide –polyaniline −lignosulfonate (GO‐PANI‐LS) nanocomposite was synthesized successfully and it was used as an effective recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines. Characterization of the prepared nanocomposite was carried out by Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The first report of using this nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst in synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines, Eco‐friendly, high catalytic activity of catalyst, simplicity of procedure, mild reaction conditions, easy recovery and considerable reusability without significant loss of performance are advantages of this method.
One‐Pot synthesis of LaMnO3/Mn3O4 Nanocomposite: Impact of Calcination Temperature on the Synergetic Effect Towards High Energy Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Shafi Parasseri Muhammed , Nisar Naseeb , Bose Arumugam Chandra
Published: June 2018

The ever‐growing global energy demand and rapid depletion of fossil fuels on day‐to‐day life drive researchers to think about an alternate and efficient storage system. Supercapacitors have drawn considerable attention due to their moderate energy and power densities than batteries and capacitors respectively. Seeking to the high energy delivery with large power for prolonged cycle life, the material with excellent electrochemical behavior and extended structural stability got tremendous attraction towards the stable and sustainable storage system. Here the metal oxide of large theoretical capacitance (Mn3O4) compositing with structurally more stable perovskite oxide (LaMnO3) through a one‐pot synthesis route to form LaMnO3/Mn3O4 nanocomposite of high electrochemical performance. The one‐pot synthesize method provides a unique combination of Mn3O4 and LaMnO3, which brings out a remarkable synergetic effect and enhanced electrochemical behavior such as high energy density, large power density and long‐lasting cycle life. The composite electrode exhibits a maximum energy density of 75 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1000 W kg−1 and the electrode could deliver a colossal power density of 15 k W kg−1 without compromising much in energy density (41.6 Wh kg−1) by symmetric cell design. From these findings, we strongly propose the one‐pot synthesized LaMnO3/Mn3O4 nanocomposite as a promising candidate for high energy supercapacitor electrode application.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Studies of Some Heterocyclic Compounds from Triazole‐Linked Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Santosh Rangappa , Selvam Mukunthan K. , Kanekar Saptami U. , Nagaraja Gundibasappa K.
Published: June 2018

In the current study, an efficient synthesis of new triazole‐linked chalcone 3 a‐g scaffold was performed by multistep reaction sequence and was screened for their antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The preliminary result revealed that 3 f exhibited a promising antibacterial activity. Furthermore, 3 f was modified at α, β‐ unsaturated carbonyl segment to isoxazoline 4 a, pyrimidines 5 a, 6 a‐b, pyrazoles 7 a‐c and cyanopyridine 8 a. Within the modified compounds 7 b (4‐nitro‐substituted pyrazole) turn to be more potent against all bacterial strains. In addition compounds, 5 a and 8 a showed promising free radical scavenging activity.
Cu(II) Complex onto a Pyridine‐Based Porous Organic Polymer as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Nitroarene Reduction
Authors: Khatioda Rajiv , Pathak Debabrat , Sarma Bipul
Published: June 2018

Unlike traditional catalysts, a Cu(II) catalyst incorporated onto a new pyridine based porous organic polymer linked by carboxamide functionality has been developed by impregnation method. Materials are characterized using FT‐IR, solid‐state NMR, PXRD, SEM, TEM techniques. The uniform confinement effect of the Cu(II) loaded polymer is assured by energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) elemental mapping, ICP and AAS spectroscopic analysis. The Cu(II) loaded material further employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for nitroarene reduction and reported as an excellent catalyst with improved performances over those reported using expensive and precious metals (like Au and Pd) on immobilized organic porous materials. The oxidation state of Cu in the catalytic cycle is corroborated with XPS analysis. The present study also emphasizes the role of π‐electron rich organic porous polymer as promoter of electronic stature of finely dispersed Cu sites accountable for the excellent catalytic activity towards nitroarene reduction.
A New Highly Efficient Method for the Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Conjoined Twins 1,6‐Dioxaspiro Derivatives Through Double Reaction of Carbon Dioxide in One Reaction
Authors: Safaei Hamid Reza , Khastkhoda Tahereh , Shekouhy Mohsen
Published: June 2018

A new highly efficient method for the catalyst‐free synthesis of germinal spiro compounds through a one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction of carbon dioxide, amines and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate at room temperature is described. In this methodology, both C=O bonds of CO2 are concurrently reacting in a one‐pot reaction. The structures of all obtained products were assigned with 1H and 13C NMR, MS, IR and elemental analysis.
Functionalized Pyrimidines from Alkynes and Nitriles: Application towards the Synthesis of Marine Natural Product Meridianin Analogs
Authors: Mohan Banyangala , Salfeena Chettiyan Thodi F. , Ashitha Kizhakkan T. , Krishnan Gopika V. , Jesmina Abdul Rasheed S. , Varghese Angela M. , Patil Siddappa A. , Kumar Bhaskaran Nair S. Dileep , Sasidhar Balappa S.
Published: June 2018

Fully substituted pyrimidine synthesis accomplished from alkynes and nitriles via BF3.Et2O mediated [2+2+2] cycloaddition. The substrate scope of the reaction was broad to include terminal alkynes to internal alkynes and aromatic nitriles to aliphatic nitriles furnished good to acceptable chemical yields. The marine alkaloid, meridianin analogs were synthesized successfully by utilizing this protocol. The pyrimidine analogues were also screened for their broad spectrum of antibacterial property against ten bacteria. Among the derivatives, 2,4‐dimethyl‐6‐p‐tolylpyrimidine (3b) has shown excellent inhibition potential against most of the tested organisms with a range of 9 to 21 mm zone of inhibition.
Mn(III)‐Based Oxidative Cyclization of Alkenes Using Tricarbonyl System
Authors: Huynh Thanh‐Truc , Yamakawa Hiroyasu , Nguyen Van‐Ha , Nishino Hiroshi
Published: June 2018

The Mn(III)‐based oxidation of 1,1‐disubstituted ethenes with 2‐(2‐aryl‐2‐oxoethyl)malonates, 2‐acetyl‐4‐aryl‐4‐oxobutanoates, and 3‐acetyl‐1‐arylpentane‐1,4‐diones was evaluated. The reaction using the malonates mainly gave the 2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐pyran‐4,4‐dicarboxylates along with γ‐lactones. A similar reaction using the acetyloxobutanoates and acetylpentanediones produced the 2,3,3a,6a‐tetrahydrofuro[2, 3‐b]furans and the corresponding dihydropyrans. The cyclization was strongly affected by the nucleophilicity of the carbonyl oxygen in the carbocation intermediate, and the kinetic and thermodynamic controls of the following reaction. The structure determination and the mechanisms are discussed.
Fully Ordered and Trace Au‐Doped Intermetallic PdFe Catalyst with Extra High Activity and Durability toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wu Yanlin , He Yang , Zhu Xinxing , Wang Jiannong
Published: June 2018

Developing Pt‐free catalysts with high activity and durability is considered as an essential step for cost reduction and real commercialization of fuel cells. Previous Pt‐free catalysts are either lack of activity and/or insufficient in durability. Here we report the first synthesis of a carbon‐supported PdFe catalyst with a fully ordered intermetallic structure by controlling the atomic ratio of Pd and Fe and high‐temperature annealing for structural ordering. This intermetallic catalyst is then doped with a trace amount of Au (atomic ratio of Au/Pd: 1/50) mainly in the surface region of the ordered lattice. Such an Au‐doped intermetallic PdFe catalyst is finally demonstrated to possess a comparable catalytic activity and much better durability for oxygen reduction reaction than the commercial catalyst of Pt/C. For example, the half‐wave potential of the Au‐PdFe catalyst decreases at a rate 9 times slower than that of Pt/C catalyst after potential cycling under harsh electrochemical conditions. The excellent activity and durability of this new catalyst is attributed to the ordered structure of PdFe particles and the protective effect of the surface Au doping. This study provides a new strategy to developing Pt‐free catalysts, lowering the production cost, and accelerating the practical application of fuel cells.
Strategies to Overcome Autofluorescence in Nanoprobe‐Driven In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: del Rosal Blanca , Benayas Antonio
Published: June 2018

The development of fluorescent probes and optical detection systems in the near‐infrared (700–2000 nm) has boosted the interest in fluorescence bioimaging as an alternative to traditional medical imaging techniques. Fluorescence imaging can provide high‐resolution images at fast acquisition speeds, while removing the need for ionizing radiations or radioactive contrast agents and requiring relatively simple and cost‐effective equipment. The low absorption and scattering of near‐infrared radiation by biological tissues enables minimally invasive visualization of deeply embedded organs and structures. However, the infrared autofluorescence background generated by some biological components, as discussed here, can negatively affect the image contrast and complicate the visualization of the fluorescent probes used as contrast agents. A critical review on the different approaches for improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio in in vivo fluorescence imaging experiments through autofluorescence background removal is presented here.
A Novel Ink‐Stained Paper for Solar Heavy Metal Treatment and Desalination
Authors: Deng Ziyang , Liu Peng‐Fei , Zhou Jianhua , Miao Lei , Peng Ying , Su Hui , Wang Pengfei , Wang Xiaoyang , Cao Wenjiong , Jiang Fangming , Sun Lixian , Tanemura Sakae
Published: June 2018

High‐performance, flexible and non‐toxic ink‐stained paper is successfully prepared by a two‐step ultrasonic process. Owing to the superior features of light absorption, wettability and heat management via our homemade mimetic tree system, the prepared ink‐stained paper‐black with an average pore size of 2 µm (ISP2‐Black) shows outstanding steam generation performance (85.8% for 1.25 kg m−2 h−1 and 85.5% for 3.70 kg m−2 h−1 at 1 and 3 suns, respectively), and good durability. Furthermore, an outdoor prototype system is realized by fresh water generation up to 1.24 kg m−2 d−1 for direct solar steam generation. Moreover, the ISP2‐Black also exhibits good performance in solar heavy metal treatment and desalination. This work provides a facile method to fabricate ink‐stained paper and a practical route for more cost‐efficient fresh water production and wastewater/polluted water treatment.
Application of Exfoliated Inorganic Nanosheets for Strongly‐Coupled Hybrid Photocatalysts
Authors: Kim Sung‐Chul , Islam Md. Shahinul , Hwang Seong‐Ju
Published: June 2018

Inorganic 2D nanosheets are important building blocks for synthesizing efficient hybrid photocatalysts because of their advantageous characteristics such as highly anisotropic 2D morphology with subnanometer‐level thickness, wide surface area, defect‐free tunable surface, chemical composition diversity and crystal structure, and tailorable physicochemical properties. Since most of the components in exfoliated nanosheets are exposed on the surface, an unusually strong chemical interaction and a remarkable electronic coupling can occur in the interface between the exfoliated nanosheets and hybridized nanospecies. Such strong electronic coupling is useful in optimizing the photocatalytic activity of the hybrid material via the suppression of electron–hole recombination, increase of the light absorption region, improved transport of excited charge carriers, and increase of surface reactivity. Herein, several representative examples of inorganic 2D nanosheet‐based hybrid photocatalysts are introduced to examine the crucial role of 2D nanosheets in the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the hybrid materials. Special emphasis is made regarding the unique hybridization effect of exfoliated 2D nanosheets on the optical properties and electron structure of semiconducting species. Future perspectives for the investigation of the 2D nanosheet‐based hybrids are discussed to provide valuable insight for the design and synthesis of highly efficient photocatalysts for producing solar fuels.
Offshore Prey Densities Facilitate Similar Life History and Behavioral Patterns in Two Distinct Aquatic Apex Predators, Northern Pike and Lake Trout
Authors: Kennedy P. J. , Bartley T. J. , Gillis D. M. , McCann K. S. , Rennie M. D.
Published: June 2018

Northern PikeEsox luciusare important aquatic apex predators in freshwater ecosystems across the Canadian Boreal Shield. Although Northern Pike have historically been described as nearshore ambush predators, larger individuals have been anecdotally observed foraging in offshore habitats. We used two province‐wide data sets from Ontario, Canada, to investigate the degree to which Northern Pike are generalist predators by examining the influence of offshore prey fish densities on their life histories. To better understand whether the life history patterns observed were unique to Northern Pike or representative of aquatic apex predators generally, we compared Northern Pike life history and catch results to those of the Lake TroutSalvelinus namaycush, a well‐known pelagic apex predator. We found that the asymptotic lengths of both Northern Pike and Lake Trout were positively related to CiscoCoregonus artediCPUE. Furthermore, both Northern Pike and Lake Trout occupied offshore habitat more frequently in lakes with greater CiscoCPUEs. Northern Pike early growth and mortality rates were negatively related to CiscoCPUEbut positively related to Yellow PerchPerca flavescensCPUE, suggesting that Northern Pike undergo ontogenetic shifts to foraging on Ciscoes later in life. Although the growth and mortality of these predators were related to prey availability, variation in theCPUEs of Northern Pike and Lake Trout was best explained by physical lake characteristics. Our study suggests that Northern Pike and Lake Trout respond similarly to CiscoCPUEacross the Canadian Boreal Shield, consistent with research reported for other aquatic apex predators. Results of this work collectively suggest that generalist behavior and large‐bodied life history strategies of Northern Pike are facilitated by the availability of Ciscoes.
Effect of maternal yokukansan treatment on somatosensory map formation in the cerebral cortex of newborn mouse pups
Authors: Mishima Rei , Shinmyo Yohei , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Ogawa‐Ochiai Keiko
Published: June 2018

Aim

The effectiveness of traditional Japanese herbal medicine (kampo) is gradually attracting worldwide attention. Although yokukansan has been shown to be clinically effective in suppressing maternal post‐partum depression, the safety of maternal yokukansan treatment in newborn infants has not been fully established.

Methods

Herein we examined the effect of maternal yokukansan treatment on neuronal circuit formation using somatosensory maps in the cerebral cortex of the newborn mouse brain.

Results

Somatosensory maps in newborn mouse pups were formed normally at postnatal day (P)5, even though yokukansan was given to lactating mouse dams. Paroxetine injected into pups strongly inhibited somatosensory map formation in mouse pups at P5, whereas paroxetine injected into lactating dams did not inhibit somatosensory map formation in pups. Yokukansan also did not affect the timing of somatosensory map formation in mouse pups at P3 and P4.

Conclusion

Maternal yokukansan treatment does not have apparent adverse effects on somatosensory map formation in the brain of mouse pups.
Wind turbine blade coating leading edge rain erosion model: Development and validation
Authors: Eisenberg Drew , Laustsen Steffen , Stege Jason
Published: June 2018

This paper applies existing research to develop an analytical surface fatigue model to predict the initiation of leading edge erosion on wind turbine blade coatings due to rainfall. We have used rain erosion whirling arm tests to determine the surface impact fatigue resistance of different coatings used in the field. The analytic model has been validated to predict the initiation of wind turbine leading edge erosion by using a large data base of photos of leading edge erosion observations taken from wind farms in multiple countries, offshore, and onshore. The aerodynamic impact of the erosion has also been modeled and been used to determine the expected sectional efficiency loss of the damaged airfoils. Combining the leading edge erosion forecast model with the efficiency reduction model, we can predict annual energy production loss over time on different sites due to rain‐induced wind turbine blade coating leading edge erosion.
Synthesis and Characterization of BaLiRu5O11, BaCu1+xRu5–xO11, and BaLi1–xCux+δRu5–δO11: Crystal Structures and Valence States
Authors: Nemrava Sandra , Link Lukas , Hu Zhiwei , Blaschkowski Björn , Liao Sheng‐Chieh , Lin Hong‐Ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Chan Ting‐Shan , Tjeng Liu Hao , Niewa Rainer
Published: June 2018

Single crystals of the quaternary R‐type ferrites BaLiRu5O11 [a = 11.628(6) Å, c = 13.7596(5) Å], and BaCu1+xRu5–xO11 [a = 11.6825(6) Å, c = 13.8051(7) Å], and their quinary solid solution BaLi1–xCux+δRu5–δO11 [a = 11.6453(2) Å, c = 13.7772(3) Å] were obtained by flux growth technique. X‐ray diffraction reveals the compounds to crystallize in space group P63/m with Z = 8. Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of BaLiRu5O11 and BaCu1+xRu5–xO11, applying Curie–Weiss fits, confirm their paramagnetic behavior with temperature independent contributions of χ0,mol = 3.27 × 10–3 cm3·mol–1 and χ0,mol = 2.47 × 10–3 cm3·mol–1, respectively. Furthermore, the valence state of Ru in BaLiRu5O11 and BaCu1+xRu5–xO11 was determined to +3.8 by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Cu in BaCu1+xRu5–xO11 is dominating in a +2 state according to X‐ray photoelectron and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, while a minor amount in +1 state may represent the excess copper substituting some Ru within a distorted Kagome net arrangement.
Plant breeding and diversity: A troubled relationship?
Authors: Louwaars Niels P.
Published: June 2018

Plant breeding collects, induces and rearranges genetic diversity followed by selection. Breeding may contribute to diversity in farmers’ fields or significantly reduce it. History has numerous examples of both. The diversity of many crops have gone through domestication, dispersal and modernization bottlenecks. Between these major decreasing processes, diversity has picked up through different evolutionary processes, and plant breeding affected by policies. Major negative effects of plant breeding on diversity have been recorded following the modernization bottleneck, but alternative breeding strategies have come up as well, both in the formal system and in the interphase between formal and farmers’ seed systems. Multiline breeding and participatory plant breeding are introduced as examples to also analyse effects of current developments in technology and policy. This paper intends to shed some light on the questions: how will current developments in technology and policy affect crop genetic diversity? Are we heading for a new bottleneck—either a molecular or a policy bottleneck, or a combination of both? Or could the future become more diverse? We look at the relationship between breeding, policies, and crop genetic diversity in farming systems with a birds-eye view. Notably because of current policy trends we warn for a new diversity bottleneck.
Ângulo de Böhler—comparação entre o pré e pós-operatório nas fraturas intra-articulares desviadas do calcanhar
Authors: Labronici Pedro José , Faria Guilherme Guerra Pinheiro de , Pedro Bruno Miranda , Serra Marcos Donato Franco de Araújo , Pires Robinson Esteves Santos , Tamontini Jorge Luiz
Published: June 2018

Objetivo Comparar a variação dos resultados das medidas radiográficas do ângulo de Böhler, no pré e pós-operatório, em fraturas com dois tipos de desvio: graves e moderadas.

Métodos: O ângulo de Böhler foi analisado retrospectivamente em 31 radiografias pré e pós-operatórias de fraturas do calcâneo. Quatro pacientes eram do sexo feminino (6,5%) e 26 do masculino (83,9%), entre 23 e 72 anos, média de 44,5.

Resultados As medidas pré e pós-operatória demonstraram que o ângulo de Böhler após a cirurgia foi significativamente maior do que o ângulo de Böhler pré-operatório (p-valor = 0,000). Nas análises intraobservador e global, o ângulo de Böhler pós-operatório foi, em média, 10,6 graus maior do que no pré-operatório. O ângulo pós-operatório foi, em média, 108% maior do que o ângulo pré-operatório. No global, a concordância entre os avaliadores é excelente, tanto em relação ao valor pontual estimado (0,98) quanto em relação ao intervalo de confiança do ICC.

Conclusão Na análise global, verificou-se que as medidas do ângulo de Böhler no pós-operatório são, em média, significativamente maiores do que as do ângulo pré-operatório. Quanto mais distante da faixa de normalidade (20 a 40 graus) estiver o ângulo pré-operatório, maior a diferença no ângulo após a cirurgia. Quando o ângulo pré-operatório está na faixa de normalidade, o ângulo pós-operatório será, em média, 1,28 vez o ângulo pré-operatório; se o ângulo de Böhler pré-operatório estiver fora da faixa de normalidade, o ângulo pós-operatório será, em média, 17,3 vezes o ângulo pré-operatório. Ficou demonstrado que as fraturas mais graves apresentam melhores resultados anatômicos quando comparadas com as fraturas moderadas. O estudo também confirmou uma boa correlação interobservador para o ângulo de Böhler.
STEM-ming the Tide: A Different Approach to Shaping Diverse Participation in STEM Careers
Authors: Streets Valerie N. , Kurtessis James N. , Northon Lindsay , Alonso Alex
Published: June 2018

Miner et al. (2018) have steered the trajectory of gender and STEM research in a new direction.
Using Funds of Knowledge to Address Diversity Issues in STEM
Authors: Torres Wendy Jackeline , Gilberto Jacqueline M. , Beier Margaret E.
Published: June 2018

Miner et al. (2018) call for industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists to examine the societal structures that influence women's underrepresentation in STEM. Here we extend their ideas and suggest that diversity in STEM would benefit from considering how people develop within the context of their environment. Educational researchers refer to the knowledge people develop through daily experiences with their cultural milieu as funds of knowledge. Funds of knowledge essentially represent a person's expertise, and educational researchers have recognized that designing environments that draw from expertise facilitates success for students, including women and underrepresented minorities in STEM.
The Looming Cybersecurity Crisis and What It Means for the Practice of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Authors: Dreibelbis Rachel C. , Martin Jaclyn , Coovert Michael D. , Dorsey David W.
Published: June 2018

The persistently changing landscape of cyberspace and cybersecurity has led to a call for organizations’ increased attention toward securing information and systems. Rapid change in the cyber environment puts it on a scale unlike any other performance environment typically of interest to industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists and related disciplines. In this article, we reflect on the idea of keeping pace with cyber, with a particular focus on the role of practicing I-O psychologists in assisting individuals, teams, and organizations. We focus on the unique roles of I-O psychologists in relation to the cyber realm and discuss the ways in which they can contribute to organizational cybersecurity efforts. As highlighted throughout this article, we assert that the mounting threats within cyberspace amount to a “looming crisis.” Thus, we view assisting organizations and their employees with becoming resilient and adaptive to cyber threats as an imperative, and practicing I-O psychologists should be at the forefront of these efforts.
From the Editor
Authors: Scott John C. , Poteet Mark L.
Published: June 2018

The goal of focal articles in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice is to present new ideas or different takes on existing ideas and stimulate a conversation in the form of comment articles that extend the arguments in the focal article or that present new ideas stimulated by those articles. The two focal articles in this issue stimulated a wide range of reactions and a good deal of constructive input.
@COMPOSERADVICE
Authors: Pocknee David
Published: June 2018

This article consists of a collection of some of the tweets published on the @composeradvice twitter feed (www.twitter.com/composeradvice) between May 2016 and January 2018. The feed was designed to give advice to composers of experimental music.
London Contemporary Music Festival
Authors: Dunn Lawrence
Published: June 2018

Does intimacy have anything to do with music? Music – especially acoustic chamber music – is regularly, even unthinkingly, labelled intimate. The implications of this common-enough usage were the major preoccupation of the most recent London Contemporary Music Festival. With multiple images and varieties of intimacy foregrounded – bodily, sexual, aural, psychological, somnolent – Igor Toronyi Lalic's curation was masterful. By turns provocative, baffling, emotional and ear-averting, not without some irony, the concerts were held in a vast underground concrete room.
Francisco Lopez Café Oto
Authors: Maguire Phil
Published: June 2018

The audience sits blindfolded in concentric circles, facing away from the performer. Refusing any visual accompaniment, and presenting sounds from his vast archive of field recordings without context or explicit identification, field recordist and sound artist Francisco Lopez asks the audience to wear these blindfolds to remove any distraction, and encourages them towards an intense focus on the sonic material he is about to present. Lopez describes the blindfolds as a ‘voluntary commitment to listening’. He believes that sounds are ‘things’, physical entities that have character(s) and substance. What follows is a bewildering array of material: rural, urban, animal, elemental.
Imagine All the People
Authors: Martin Cathie Jo
Published: June 2018

In light of their nineteenth-century political economies, why did poor, agricultural Denmark become a leader in public, mass primary education (1814) and a multiple-track education system that included vocational training, while rich, industrial Britain did not create public, mass schooling until 1870, and embrace a one-track, academic secondary-education system? The author argues that literary narratives shed light on these cross-national differences. Danish narratives imagined education as social investment for a strong society; diverse educational tracks were necessary to meet the varied skills needs of the economy. British narratives portrayed schooling as essential to self-development and to cultivating the ideal individual. The author uses a close reading of texts and computational linguistics analyses of 521 Danish and 562 British works of fiction from 1700 to 1920 to document the different portrayal of education in the two countries. Case studies show that writers are crucial political actors in important reforms and understudied political agents in policy development stories. The method allows the author to evaluate empirically the complex relationship between culture and political outcomes, to falsify cultural claims, and to improve on thin, vague, national cultural arguments. The article shows how literature helps to reconcile the contradictions embedded in diverse models of governance. Literature provides a site for reworking cultural symbols in response to societal struggles over exogenous change, and provides a source of continuity at moments of institutional change.
The drivers of regulatory networking: policy learning between homophily and convergence
Authors: Vantaggiato Francesca P.
Published: June 2018

The literature on transnational regulatory networks identified interdependence as their main rationale, downplaying domestic factors. Typically, relevant contributions use the word “network” only metaphorically. Yet, informal ties between regulators constitute networked structures of collaboration, which can be measured and explained. Regulators choose their frequent, regular network partners. What explains those choices? This article develops an Exponential Random Graph Model of the network of European national energy regulators to identify the drivers of informal regulatory networking. The results show that regulators tend to network with peers who regulate similarly organised market structures. Geography and European policy frameworks also play a role. Overall, the British regulator is significantly more active and influential than its peers, and a divide emerges between regulators from EU-15 and others. Therefore, formal frameworks of cooperation (i.e. a European Agency) were probably necessary to foster regulatory coordination across the EU.
Importance of case age in the purported association between phylogenetics and hemolytic uremic syndrome inEscherichia coliO157:H7 infections
Authors: Tarr G. A. M. , Shringi S. , Oltean H. N. , Mayer J. , Rabinowitz P. , Wakefield J. , Tarr P. I. , Besser T. E. , Phipps A. I.
Published: June 2018

Escherichia coliO157:H7 is the largest cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Previous studies proposed that HUS risk varies across theE. coliO157:H7 phylogenetic tree (hypervirulent clade 8), but the role of age in the association is unknown. We determined phylogenetic lineage ofE. coliO157:H7 isolates from 1160 culture-confirmedE. coliO157:H7 cases reported in Washington State, 2004–2015. Using generalised estimating equations, we tested the association between phylogenetic lineage and HUS. Age was evaluated as an effect modifier. Among 1082E. coliO157:H7 cases with both phylogenetic lineage and HUS status (HUSn= 76), stratified analysis suggested effect modification by age. Lineages IIa and IIb, relative to Ib, did not appear associated with HUS in children 0–9-years-old. For cases 10–59-years-old, lineages IIa and IIb appeared to confer increased risk of HUS, relative to lineage Ib. The association reversed in ⩾60-year-olds. Results were similar for clade 8. Phylogenetic lineage appears to be associated with HUS risk only among those ⩾10-years-old. Among children <10, the age group most frequently affected, lineage does not explain progression to HUS. However, lineage frequency varied across age groups, suggesting differences in exposure and/or early disease manifestation.
121 Enhancing Emotional Wellness With Smartphone Apps in Early Psychosis
Authors: D’Mello Dale
Published: June 2018

Introduction

There is wide consensus that the combination of psychopharmacology and psychotherapy is superior to either approach used alone, in managing depressive, anxiety and psychotic disorders. Completing homework assignments are prerequisite for successful outcomes in psychotherapy. The convergence of digital computer technology and consumer self-empowerment have generated a bewildering array of mental health applications for smartphones and other mobile devices. The purpose of the present poster is to review available apps of interest for patients with early psychosis.

Method

A search was recently conducted of the stores on the iOS and Android platforms, seeking apps for mood, anxiety, psychotic and cognitive disorders. Reviews of digital technology resources provided by the International Mental Health Research Organization (IMHRO) at www.psyberguide.org were consulted. Criteria for inclusion included: (1) popularity measured by greater than 10,000 downloads (2) a score of 3.5 or higher on the Mobile Apps Rating System (MARS) and (3) acquisition cost less than $1. Consumer reviews were scanned. A total of 7 apps were culled from an expanding universe of thousands. This included top-rated apps in each of three symptom domains: depression, anxiety and cognitive disorders. Ranked in order of MARS rating the leading depression apps were “Depression CBT Self-Help Guide” and “eCBT Mood”. The most popular anxiety apps were “Stop Panic & Anxiety” and “Headspace”. The top apps for cognitive enhancement training were “Brain HQ” and “Fit Brains Focus”. In addition, the suicide prevention app “My3” was included because of its life saving potential. Consumers have rated the reviewed apps favorably. Conclusion: Smartphone apps are achieving wide acceptance in self-management of common psychiatric disorders. Clinicians need to become familiar with these adjunctive therapeutic tools, and integrate them in brief psychopharmacology visits.

Funding Acknowledgements

No funding.
146 Effect of Heroin Use on Changes of Brain Functions as Measured by fMRI, a Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Jungjin , Fareed Ayman , Ketchen Bethany , Kwak Woo Jin , Wang Danzhao , Shongo-Hiango Hilaire , Drexler Karen
Published: June 2018

In this study the authors focus on reviewing imaging studies that used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging for individuals with a history of heroin use. This review study compiled existing research addressing the effect of heroin use on decision making by reviewing available functional neuroimaging data. Systematic review ofthe literatures using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Eligible articles were retrieved through a computer-based MEDLINE and PsycINFO search from 1960 to December 2015 using the major medical subject headings “heroin, fMRI” (all fields). Only English language was included. Thirty-seven articles were initially included in the review. Sixteen were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The results of 21 articles that met all the inclusion criteria were presented. Based on the 21 studies included in the current review, there is evidence that heroin use may have a direct and damaging effect on certain brain functions and that these changes may be associated with impulsive and unhealthy decision making. From the review of these studies, the authors understand that a longer duration of heroinuse may be associated with more damaging effects on brain functions. The authors also understand that these brain changes could last long after abstinence, which may increase the risk of relapse to heroin use. More research is needed to create a biomarker map for patients with heroin use disorder that can be used to guide and assess response to treatment.

Funding Acknowledgements

No funding.
149 Deutetrabenazine for the Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia: Results From an Open-Label, Long-Term Study
Authors: Anderson Karen E. , Davis Mat D. , Factor Stewart A. , Hauser Robert A. , Jarskog L. Fredrik , Jimenez-Shahed Joohi , Kumar Rajeev , FRCPC  , Ochudlo Stanislaw , Ondo William G. , Fernandez Hubert H.
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder resulting from exposure to dopamine-receptor antagonists. In the 12-week ARM-TD and AIM-TD studies, deutetrabenazine demonstrated significant improvements in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores at Week 12 compared with placebo, and was generally well tolerated.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term deutetrabenazine therapy in patients with TD.

Methods

Patients with TD who completed the ARM-TD or AIM-TD studies were eligible to enter this open-label, single-arm, long-term safety study after they completed the 1-week washout period and final evaluation in the blinded portion of the trial. Efficacy endpoints included the change in AIMS score from baseline, and treatment success (defined as “much improved” or “very much improved”) on the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). This analysis reports results up to Week 54.

Results

304 patients enrolled in the extension study. At Week 54, the mean (standard error) change in AIMS score was –5.1 (0.52). After 6 weeks of deutetrabenazine treatment, the proportion of patients who achieved treatment success was 58% per the CGIC and 53% per the PGIC, and by Week 54 was 72% per the CGIC and 59% per the PGIC, thus demonstrating maintenance or enhancement of benefit over time. Deutetrabenazine was well tolerated for up to 54 weeks, and compared with the ARM-TD and AIM-TD studies, no new safety signals were detected.

Conclusions

54 weeks of deutetrabenazine treatment was generally efficacious, safe, and well tolerated in patients with TD.

Presented at: The American Psychiatric Association 2017 Annual Meeting; May 20–24, 2017; San Diego, California, USA.

Funding Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel.
163 Treatment of Odor-Induced Anxiogenesis With Odor-Induced Anxiolysis
Authors: Patel Muktiben M. , Patel Nigam D. , Rekhi Angela , Hirsch Alan R.
Published: June 2018

Study Objective

To understand the effects of odor on anxiety.

Introduction

Reduction of odor-induced anxiety through a presentation of an odor has not heretofore been described.

Method

Case report: A 69-year-old right-handed male with a five year history of generalized anxiety disorder, presented with a one and a half month history of hypersensitivity to odors of multiple synthetic chemicals manifest by the perception that these odors were more intense and unpleasant inducing nausea, abdominal cramping, coughing, a need to “get away from the smell”, and panic with intense anxiety. These symptoms would occur whenever he was exposed to these smells, 20 to 25 times a day, and would persist for 10 to 15 minutes after the exposure. When odors induced the above symptoms, exposure to the aroma of cinnamon immediately alleviated these symptoms. He now continues using cinnamon odor whenever the odor induced anxiety and associated symptoms arise. This remedy has been effective over the course of treatment, for almost two years.

Results

Abnormalities on examination: Three per second titubation. Archimedean Spiral Test: Saw tooth pattern with macrographia. Anxious, circumstantial, overly inclusive. Unable to determine how to put on shoe covers. Impaired voluntary upward gave, but intact vertical doll’s eyes. Left torticollis. Bilateral finger to nose dysmetria. Low amplitude, high frequency tremor on extension of both upper extremities. Areflexic. Olfactory Testing: hyposmic. MRI of brain with and without infusion: mild generalized volume loss.

Conclusions

There are myriad mechanisms whereby odor may have reduced the odor-induced anxiety. Since aroma induced anxiogeneis is usually confined to a specific odor, it does not preclude other odors from acting in an anxiolytic manner. The combination of exposure simultaneously of anxiolytic and anxiogenic odors may have acted to increase the threshold of the anxiety producing odor, inhibiting perception of the anxiogenic odor and thus precipitation of anxiety. The two odors could have combined in an additive fashion, changing the olfactory characteristics of the anxiety provoking odor such that it no longer was perceived as the same odor and thus no anxiety. The anxiolytic/anxiogenic odor mixture could have overwhelmed the anxiogenic odor, thus creating the perception of only anxiolytic odor. On a central basis, the anxiolysis and anxiogenesis may have been induced to occur coincidently with anxiolysis superseding anxiogenesis. Alternatively, the odors may have acted as a distractor, changing the focus of attention from anxiogenic odor to a different odor which does not have the same anxiety provoking effect. Maybe because the patient already has demonstrated a heightened odor emotion linkage, he may be more susceptible to any other odor emotion effects. Trial of odors in those with odor induced anxiety warrants consideration.

Funding Acknowledgements

No funding.