bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 and endothelial cell interaction in COVID-19: molecular perspectives
Authors: Giordo Roberta , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Mangoni Arduino Aleksander , Pintus Gianfranco
Published: January 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is the agent responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The clinical evolution of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic infection to death. Older people and patients with underlying medical conditions, particularly diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases are more susceptible to develop severe forms of COVID-19. Significant endothelial damage has been reported in COVID-19 and growing evidence supports the key pathophysiological role of this alteration in the onset and the progression of the disease. In particular, the impaired vascular homeostasis secondary to the structural and functional damage of the endothelium and its main component, the endothelial cells, contributes to the systemic proinflammatory state and the multiorgan involvement observed in COVID-19 patients. This review summarizes the current evidence supporting the proposition that the endothelium is a key target of SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and endothelial cells.
Effect of tin-bath treatment on anatomical properties of Firmiana simplex wood
Authors: Okon Kufre Edet , Akpan Michael , Okon Idiana-Abasi Kufre , Oworen Uduak
Published: January 2021

Wood modification in general, is an environmental non-biocide method to modify and improve certain wood properties to enable its utilization for diverse purpose. In this study, Firmiana simplex wood was modify using low melting point tin-alloy as the heat-treatment medium. The anatomical properties of the tin-bath treated wood were studied using a light microscope and scanning electron microscope analysis. Microscopic analyses with a light microscope showed that the morphologies of the wood were less smashed by the impact of the treatment with no deformation of the vessels after tin-alloy treatment while scanning electron microscope revealed collapse in the wood structures with damages to the cell walls and vessels. It was also evident from scanning electron microscope analyses that tin-alloy penetrated the wood structure, therefore forming a film covering the cell walls and partly occupying the wood cell lumens.
Biofertilizers and citrus cultivation
Authors: Abobatta Waleed Fouad
Published: January 2021

Citrus trees (Citrus spp.) one of the main fruit crops worldwide, currently, due to excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, there is a serious threat to human health and the environment. The use of various types of biofertilizers like nitrogen fixers, phosphorus solubilizers, phosphorus mobilizers, and potassium solubilizers enhancing citrus growth, both directly by increasing resource acquisition (nitrogen, phosphorus, and essential minerals), producing Siderophore, stimulate Phytohormone production, or indirectly by increase plant tolerance of pathogens as a part of integrated pest management, and maintain soil fertility and protect the environment.
Soil natural radioactivity of northern variant ravine biogeocenoses of Ukrainian steppe zone
Authors: Gorban V. A.
Published: January 2021

Ravine biogeocenoses in the steppe zone of Ukraine are a unique natural phenomenon. Under these natural forests for many millennia formed a specific kind of soil – forest chernozems, which differ in a number of ways from the zonal chernozems. Today in the scientific literature you can find information about such properties of these soils as organic matter, structural and aggregate composition, lessivage, micromorphological features. However, the natural radioactivity of forest chernozems remains virtually unexplored. Our work is devoted to the establishment of the peculiarities of the natural radioactivity of the soils of ravine biogeocenoses. The soils of the Hlyboky ravine, which according to the classification of O.L. Belgard belongs to the northern version of the ravines of the steppe zone of Ukraine. As a result of the performed researches it is established that the surface horizons of chernozems of forest southern and northern exposures of the ravine differ in reduced values of ashing coefficient, which indicates an increased content of organic matter in them compared to other horizons of the studied soils. Eluvial horizons are characterized by reduced values of natural radioactivity compared to illuvial, which indicates increased sorption by small particle size fractions of radioactive elements compared to larger fractions. The maximum values of natural radioactivity were found in the lower genetic horizons of the studied soils. This indicates that the source of radioactive elements is the parent rock from which the soil was formed. Organic substances and their ability to bind radioactive elements are characterized by a smaller contribution to the natural radioactivity of soils compared to small particle size fractions and parent rock. The distribution of natural radioactivity values by soil profile is determined by the peculiarities of soil genesis of each individual soil type and to some extent can reflect them.
Direitos humanos e as relações étnico-raciais na Educação Infantil
Authors: Barbosa Amanda Basílio , Rostas Márcia Helena Sauáia Guimarães
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor algumas considerações em relação as questões étnico-raciais na educação, mais precisamente na educação infantil, com uma abordagem balizada pelos Direitos Humanos. Inicialmente, é abordado o contexto histórico do surgimento dos Direitos Humanos e seu papel na educação. Para tanto, utilizou-se como referenciais teóricos, a Declaração Universal do Direitos Humanos, a Constituição Federal de 1988, a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, Falcão (2009), as Orientações e Ações para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e adentrando às questões raciais, elegeu-se os estudos de Munanga (2012), Davis (2018) e Almeida (2018). Posteriormente, são apresentados estudos de Corrêa (2017), Rocha (2015), Farias (2016) e Freitas (2016) que se debruçaram na temática étnico-racial na educação infantil. A educação apesar de ser um direito humano que deve ser garantido a todos, ainda é negada a muitas minorias. A comunidade negra ao adentrar o ambiente escolar depara-se com um ideal eurocêntrico a ser seguido, tendo sua história, sua cultura e até seu próprio corpo invisibilizados.
Community development through Islamic microfinance approach: The experience of Daarut Tauhid Peduli Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Nurhayati Ela , Safei Agus Ahmad , Ono Aya
Published: January 2021

The fields of zakat-based microfinance and community development are not often placed under the same theoretical lens that both aim to empower disadvantaged people. This study investigates the experiences of borrowers in the implementation of zakat-based microfinance and analyses the different driving factors they applied in their choice of the zakat-based microfinance of Daarut Tauhid Peduli in Bandung, Indonesia. It applies a community development framework, based on the five characteristics, to explore this Islamic microfinance approach as an effective community development program, which has a religious dimension. Primary data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with the borrowers along with participant observation at a weekly majelis meeting, and these were triangulated with information cross-checked with the management staff of the institution. The findings demonstrate three out of five characteristics of the zakat-based microfinance approach as an effective community development program. They include characteristics in constantly maintaining power relations between borrowers and the institution, increasing capability and ability of borrowers to be more independent and empowered, and long-term duration of the program and sustainability. The findings showed that spiritual factors appear to have been an additional driving force on top of economic and non-economic factors for most borrowers choosing this particular program.
Pengungkapan Diri Muslimah Bercadar melalui Instagram: Pendekatan Fenomenologi
Authors: Kusmiati Yopi , Bayruni Rayhan
Published: January 2021

Nowdays the hijrah culture is becoming a trend. Not a few Muslim women who emigrated by wearing the veil as a face covering, but then it became a challenge for them when they get discrimination, which is linked to terrorism. The phenomenon of veiled Muslim women in Indonesia continues to increase until it has become a trendy outfit as evidenced by the number of veiled Muslim women who are increasingly open on Instagram in expressing themselves. This study uses a constructivist paradigm with qualitative methods and a phenomenological approach. The subject of the study is five Muslimah Instagram users. This study found that there was expressive self-disclosure with enlarged open areas (open self) and Islamic self-disclosure with enlarged hidden self areas. There are functions of expression, self validation, social control and relationship development experienced by veiled Muslim women, and there is no function of self clarification.  This study concluded that Muslims on Instagram can influence the community in removing the negative stigma of muslims and giving direction to other muslims to stay open and not shut away from society.
Active listening in the management of crisis communication: Case study of the 2017 terrorist attack in Barcelona
Authors: Cristófol Francisco-Javier , De-San-Eugenio-Vela Jordi , Paniagua-Rojano Francisco-Javier
Published: January 2021

This article analyses the use of social networks as a public relations strategy within the framework of a crisis communication strategy deployed following a terrorist attack. More specifically, the Twitter account of the Police of Catalonia (@mossos) is analysed in view of the attacks that took place in Barcelona and Cambrils in August 2017. Methodologically, content analysis of the Catalan police’s Twitter account is performed through the collection and subsequent analysis of messages issued in the 10-day period following the first attack. Additionally, and as a result of this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight experts in crisis communication, with the aim of determining, within the framework of this case study, the functions and uses of social networks in the context of crises caused by terrorist attacks. The results show how, in a context of crisis communication, the messages posted by the Mossos d’Esquadra’s Twitter account transcend mere service information to become an asset of public relations, engagement and constant interaction and mutual collaboration and dialogue between the Catalan police and the population that it administers. As a whole, this has an impact on the improvement of the image and reputation of the Catalan police among its fellow citizens.
Intertextualidad y género policíaco en España (1990-2010). Evolución del ámbito literario al metatelevisivo y recurrencia de la víctima femenina como motivo
Authors: Tous-Rovirosa Anna
Published: January 2021

Mediante un análisis de la intertextualidad de las producciones policíacas españolas (1990-2010), se descubre que uno de los leit-motifs de la serialidad policíaca contemporánea en televisión y en las nuevas plataformas audiovisuales, la víctima femenina, surge de la recurrencia temática y mítica (la princesa sacrificial). Se constata también el auge de la narrativa compleja, mediante la evolución de las referencias hacia la metatextualidad y autorreferencialidad. Además de las referencias que guardan relación con el género policíaco, son numerosas las que coinciden con la axiología de la producción, en consonancia con el placer del reconocimiento y la construcción del espectador modelo (Eco, 1986).
Populism in the 2019 General Elections. Analysis of the speeches by the three right-wing candidates on Twitter
Authors: Vázquez-Barrio Tamara
Published: January 2021

The scientific debate regarding populism has been renewed by the rise of extreme right-wing parties in Western Europe. Spain was an exception to the European situation until Vox stormed onto the scene in the Andalusian regional elections in December 2018. By taking into account the definition of populism from Jaager & Walgrave (2007), Mudde (2007), Hawkins (2010), Charaudeau’s populist discourse analysis (2009), and the idea of “contamination” by Hernández Carr, 2011 and Van Spanje, 2010, this article presents the results of an analysis regarding the discourse of the tweets published by the candidates of the three right-wing national parties during the electoral campaign in Spain prior to the day of the elections on 28 April 2019. The aim of the study is to reveal whether Abascal’s discourse conforms to the parameters of the populist style, and whether there was contamination by Abascal (Vox) of the issues and rhetoric of Pablo Casado (Partido Popular-PP) and Albert Rivera (Ciudadanos-Cs). Firstly, the quantitative analysis shows that Abascal’s political discourse on this social network is in line with the discursive strategies of populism; Secondly, the Vox leader behaves differently from the candidates of the PP and Cs. Finally, the influence of Vox’s discourse on the other two parties with which he competes on the right-wing ideological spectrum is lower than expected.
Social Media: useful for high-risk industries? A study of nuclear energy in Spain
Authors: Cobos-Urbina Enrique
Published: January 2021

Social Media has become an unquestionable communicative tool for most organizations. Companies want to participate in the conversation on the network for various purposes: attracting new customers, promoting their products, exalting their brand, searching for prescribers, etc. However, those corporations that belong to risk sectors –as is the case of nuclear power plants– show initial suspicion because they consider that new forms of communication contribute to encouraging criticism of their business model, producing a deterioration in their image. The methodology used in this research is based on three pillars: a review of the literature on CSR, corporate reputation, Social Media and Nuclear Communication; exploration of Social Media in search of official profiles of nuclear power plants; and interviews with those responsible for communicating atomic plants to know their perception in the use of these supports. Spanish nuclear power plants do not actively use Social Media. These facilities rely on monologic communication tools and tactics, although they need dialogue for acceptance and long-term operation. Social Media are essential tools for risk sectors: to disseminate the science they make, to collect feedback and respond to criticism, and to seek consensus.
Climate change perception among Spanish undergraduates. A reception study on the combination of the local, global, gain and loss frames
Authors: León Bienvenido , Boykoff Maxwell-T. , Rodrigo-Jordán Carmen
Published: January 2021

Climate change attitudes and perceptions vary significantly among countries and cultures through a host of factors. Within media content about climate change, framing is one of the most relevant elements. This research interrogated how framing combinations across local-global and gain-loss frames influence attitudes and perceptions about climate change. We examined varying framing approaches through case-study experimentation with university students in Spain (N = 120). Students viewed one of four videos, each one based on a different combination of frames before answering a set of survey questions, with the aim of testing (i) how do the combinations of the local-global and the gain-loss frames affect the perception of the seriousness of climate change and (ii) how do combinations of the four frames affect support for action to address climate change. Results indicate that the participants scored similar values, regarding the seriousness of climate change and the need to take action, regardless of the video they watched. This means that interaction effects and other contextual factors (e.g., previous environmental concerns) may limit efficacy of deliberately introduced frames more than previously considered. These findings help to further deepen and nuance possible explanations for wider discursive interactions that comprise our attitudes and perceptions of climate change.
The audiovisual recreation of operas filmed in theaters: An analysis of Don Giovanni by W. A. Mozart
Authors: Villanueva Isabel , Lacasa-Mas Ivan
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes select opera films produced during the 20th and 21st centuries by international opera houses in order to determine whether, when the diegesis of these films is recreated, there is also an attempt made for the films to reflect the conventions of operatic performance. We performed content analysis of the end of the first act in 29 filmed versions of the opera Don Giovanni by W.A. Mozart by evaluating 44 variables related to three categories that are central to translating the original story to the new audiovisual discourse: recreation of time and space and use of scenery. The main results reveal that in translating Don Giovanni to audiovisual media, the films continue to be influenced by the institutional conventions of operatic theater. In relying on the original performance, these films, even in the 21st century, do not exhibit full narrative autonomy. Our article proposes several ways to better adapt—from a cinematographic perspective—these scenic representations based on elements such as depth of field or scenery, without the need for greater resources than those already available to opera houses.
Podróże kulturowe krakowskich stańczyków ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem relacji Stanisława Koźmiana
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska, Menz Mariusz
Published: January 2021

The 19th century brought a rapid development of tourism, which caused an enormous development of descriptions of journeys, i.e. travel literature. Travels the aim of which was to visit important cultural places (e.g. Greece, Italy, the Holy Land) were an essential element of the upbringing of sons of aristocracy and rich nobility. Such travels could be called cultural ones. The article describes selected accounts from the travels of two members of the “Stańczycy” faction from Cracow, i.e. Stanisław Tarnowski and Stanisław Koźmian in their early lives. The first part presents the journey of twenty-year-old Tarnowski to the Holy Land, together with another subsequent “Stańczycy” member, Ludwik Wodzicki. The journey lasted five months – from November 1857 to April of the following year. The second part of the article is dedicated to the accounts of Koźmian, where he describes his student journey to the Tatra Mountains in 1853 (he was 17 at that time) and another three journeys to the Netherlands, Pest and Prague (in the years 1869–1871). Koźmian’s last accounts conform to the Austro-Polish idea promoted by himself and other “Stańczycy” members.
Мандрівки галицької молоді наприкінці ХІХ – початку ХХ ст.: організація, характер, маршрути, вплив на формування особистості гімназистів і студентів
Authors:   Інститут Українознавства ім. І. Крип’якевича НАН України, Львів, Україна, Мисак Наталія
Published: January 2021

Tours and hiking trips were very popular among Galician youth at the end of the 19th century. They were initiated by junior high schools students and university students themselves who wanted to gain experience, knowledge and to spend time in a pleasant way. Such enterprises were supported by the school administration and management of particular secondary school and institutions of higher education, thus acquiring educational and scientific dimension. The length of such trips varied from several days to several weeks. Trips, on foot, sometimes by train, by horse and cart or by means of rafting, included the territory of Galicia, especially mountain trail in the Carpathian Mountains, the territory of the Habsburg Empire, the countries in southern, northern and western Europe. During the travels, the participants could become familiar with geography, history, economy, morals and the traditions of their own and the neighbouring region.
W kręgu mitu habsburskiego. Alicja Ankarcrona – Badeni – Habsburg – Altenburg (1889–1985)
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska, Łazuga Waldemar
Published: January 2021

Alicja Ankarcrona lived in Stockholm, Brussels, Busko, Lviv, Vienna and Żywiec. She belonged to the European elite of the elites of the turn of the 19th and the 20th century. The Swedish aristocrat who married the Polish count and, after his death, married the Habsburg archduke. She did not stop being a Swede when she became Polish. She did not stop being Polish when during WWI she tied the knot with the Habsburg from Żywiec. She belonged to “the Beautiful Era”. In her life she experienced emperors and kings, two world wars and times of dictatorship but mentally never left that era. She was a member of the Home Army (AK). After the war she lived in a very modest way. She was addressed as the Habsburg duchess (after her husband) although the title no longer existed. She was the embodiment of “better times” and “the Habsburg myth”. Her life was the history of Europe in a miniature scale and an incredibly curious case of eternal entanglement in the past.
Wszechpolak austriackim ministrem kolei. Wokół kariery politycznej Stanisława Głąbińskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska, Chudzińska Anna
Published: January 2021

Stanisław Głąbiński (1862–1941) was a lawyer, economist and politician, who in the first period of his activity was related to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Elected to the Austrian State Council (1902), and then to the National Parliament (1904), he made a rapid career. Particularly he was criticised by conservatists from Cracow, who feared that their influences in Galicia would be diminished. Political and ethnic conflicts, the reform of electoral regulations and the so-called “canal issue” provided an opportunity for Cracow conservatists to remove Głąbiński from direct influence on politics and to make him resign from the position of the president of the Polish Circle. In 1911 Głąbiński received the ministry of railway in the government created by Richard Bienerth. Which was the beginning of the deterioration of Głąbiński’s political position on the Galician political scene.
Mieszczanie rodowici i migranci. Ruch wędrówkowy ludności Przemyśla (według spisu mieszkańców z połowy 1918 roku)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Budzyński Zdzisław , Kamińska-Kwak Jolanta ,   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska
Published: January 2021

The present study was performed on the basis of the census of the inhabitants of Przemyśl from mid-1918, prepared based on questionnaire forms which were not typical for thus type of source. These materials are currently stored in the State Archive in Rzeszów (department in Sanok) and, partially in the archives of the State Archive in Przemyśl. In both cases they were only fragmentarily preserved. The main part of the present study presents a demographic analysis showing how the national and denomination structure of the city dwellers from that time was shaped. Special attention was put on the migration movement directed towards Przemyśl in the years 1880–1918 and its rate. The article focuses also on the location of migrants in the city, especially in its center and in the suburbs (Zasanie on its right, northern side and the Lviv suburbs on its right, eastern side).
Z historii muzycznych wędrówek polskich śpiewaków operowych po Galicji. Klementyna Czosnowska i Władysław Mierzwiński z występami we Lwowie i w Krakowie
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Wąsacz-Krztoń Jolanta
Published: January 2021

The article describes the figure of a soprano, Klementyna Czosnowska, one of the most prominent Polish opera singers of the 19th century, and an unsurpassed Europe-wide famous singer, Władysław Mierzwiński, called “the king of tenors”. Their buoyant musical careers entailed frequent travels to famous and renowned musical centers. The map of such artistic travels includes also two major cultural centers in Galicia: Cracow and Lviv. Both artists performed on the stages of these cities in 1880s and 1890s, offering unforgettable artistic experiences to the local audiences. The singers were greeted with great enthusiasm, and treated with deep affection and utmost respect.
Artysta w drodze. Wędrówki muzyka Stanisława Bursy nie tylko po Galicji z przełomu XIX i XX wieku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Fink Kinga
Published: January 2021

Stanisław Bursa (1865–1947) represented the 19th century type of a versatile artist, known as a singer (tenor), a conductor, a composer and a pedagogue. At the same time he made a career as a clerk (an employee of the Mutual Insurance Company in Cracow). The life of Bursa since 1914 is marked with the experience of travelling and a constant change in his place of residence. He moved around Galicia as an insurance clerk, went on educational trips, made journey to improve his health and visited his numerous family. Regular artistic trips in Galicia and the territory of the Prussian partition and Silesia, undertaken since the first decade of the 19th century provide opportunities also for additional profit. The present study focuses on the issue of mobility and its influence on the course of the artistic career not only from the perspective of internal migration but also the mobility understood as the ability to act on multifarious fields in the professional dimension.
Wpływ podróży na dynamikę życia wybranych uczniów Ksawerego Liskego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Hoszowska Mariola
Published: January 2021

The author of the article analyses the questions of the influence of travelling on the dynamics of life of selected students of Ksawery Liski, i.e. Bronisław Gorczak (1854–1918) and Wiktor Czermak (1863–1913). The former, after graduating from his studies in Lviv, at the beginning of 1870s, he became an archivist, and subsequently also a librarian, in Sławuta in Volhynia, for the prince Roman Damian Sanguszko. The latter, after defending at the Jagiellonian University his Ph. D. thesis written in Lviv, could take part in search queries in archives in Rome, Berlin, Vienna, with time obtaining full professorship. The author concludes that at the turn of the 19th and 20th century, scientific travels were an important factor in the research development of the past and Lviv remained a constant point of reference for Liski’s alumni.
Effect of Bunium persicum essential oil, NaCl, Bile Salts, and their combinations on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in probiotic yogurt
Authors: Mahmoudi Parva , Khoshkhoo Zhaleh , Akhondzadeh Basti Afshin , Mahasti Shotorbani Peyman , Khanjari Ali
Published: January 2021

The probiotic yogurt, with additional essential oil researches, has increased recently. Bunium persicum Boiss is a critical medicinal wild growing plant in Iran dry areas. In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus was exposed to stress with B. persicum essential oil (BEO), NaCl, bile salts, and their combinations by 50 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and then inoculated to the yogurt samples, which were stored at 4°C for 28 days. Indepen-dent parameters in this article are BEO 500 and 1000 ppm that the physicochemical, sensory properties, and L. acidophilus of viability in yogurt samples were assessed within the time. A steady increase in syneresis percent-age and acidity was observed, while pH values were reduced in all samples. The L. acidophilus survival decreased during storage time in all treatments. In addition, sensory scores showed a reduction trend in the samples. The survival rate of probiotic bacteria is also impacted by redox potential. Increasing the oxidation and resuscitation potential and increasing the hydrogen peroxide concentration due to the bacteria metabolic activity are among the factors that reduce the probiotic bacteria population in yogurt during storage. The most viability of L. acidophilus under stress with BEO compared with other stress treatments may be due to slight changes in pH during this period than in the stress treatments. Generally, it can be argued that the usage of BEO, NaCl, and bile salts at a MIC of 50% in yogurt stored in the refrigerator for 21 days provided a suitable environment for the storage and transmission of L. acidophilus, as recommended to the consumer and, therefore, the current results confirmed that the addition of probiotic and these materials improved the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of yogurt.
Impacto das Mudanças Climáticas na Produtividade da Cana de Açúcar em Maceió
Authors: Oliveira Lívia Pilar Melo de , Silva Fabrício Daniel dos Santos , Costa Rafaela Lisboa , Rocha Júnior Rodrigo Lins da , Gomes Heliofábio Barros , Pereira Marcos Paulo Santos , Monteiro Leonardo Amaral , Silva Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da
Published: January 2021

Resumo Neste estudo, um modelo de downscaling estatístico (MDE) baseado na metodologia de análogos foi usado para projetar padrões futuros de precipitação e temperatura na cidade de Maceió, litoral leste do Nordeste (9,7° S; 35,7° W; 64,5m), e avaliar seus impactos na produtividade da cana de açúcar. Dados observados históricos foram usados para o downscaling da precipitação e temperatura usando diferentes modelos climáticos globais (CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, IPSL-CM5A-MR, GFDL-ESM2M, MIROC-ESM, MPI-ESM-MR, e NorESM1-M) em relação ao período de referencia (1961-1990), e, em seguida, para cenários futuros de 2021 a 2080. Os dados foram analisados em decêndios, mesmo passo de tempo do modelo agrometeorológico usado para a cultura. Ao contrário do que se esperava, a combinação de redução das chuvas e aumento da evapotranspiração nos cenários futuros não diminuiu a estimativa da produtividade, com previsão de aumento. A este fato pode-se atribuir que a redução das chuvas previstas, mais acentuadas no período chuvoso, não serão decisivas para a diminuição da produtividade, pois na maioria dos modelos climáticos há previsão de aumento das chuvas no período seco de setembro a dezembro, crítico para o crescimento inicial da cultura, que tem calendário de plantio a partir do primeiro decêndio de setembro.
Episodic Memory and Elderly People: Main Alterations from Different Cognitive Interventions
Authors: Rocha Fernanda de Sousa , Chariglione Isabelle Patriciá Freitas Soares
Published: January 2021

Abstract Aging entails many cognitive changes, including episodic memory, which may be potentiated depending on the lifestyle of the elderly person and stimulated through cognitive interventions. The objective of this study was to verify whether there are differences in episodic memory and mood in different interventions. A total of 46 elderly people, of both sexes, with an average age of 68.7 years (SD = ± 6.82) participated in the study, being divided in two groups, stimulation (Stimullus = 21) and training (MEMO = 25), and tests of diagnostic and memory measures were applied before and after intervention. A difference in episodic memory was observed between the interventions, as well as an improvement in their mood, regardless of the type of intervention.
Crown rust on oat genotypes with different levels of resistance: damages and losses
Authors: Lovatto Maike , Silva Gerarda Beatriz Pinto da , Coelho Filipe Kalikoski , Martinelli José Antonio , Pacheco Marcelo Teixeira , Federizzi Luiz Carlos , Delatorre Carla Andréa
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT: The evolution in virulence of Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae has challenged the genetic resistance to crown rust in oat genotypes. New resistance sources are constantly required for yield stabilization and costs reduction. This study aimed to characterize the crown rust resistance of oat genotypes and the disease´s productive and economic impact. Experiments were conducted in two environments, with and without chemical control. Resistance was measured by disease progress, apparent rate of infection, final severity and pustule size. Damages were based on reduction of yield, 1000 grain mass and hectoliter mass. UFRGS16Q6030-2 was immune. In both environments, UFRGS166091-2 and URS Brava exhibited the greatest level of resistance and the smallest grain yield reduction, while URS 22 was highly susceptible, reducing more than 70% of its grain yield. These results surpass the negative impacts of the disease previously reported in oats, particularly related to grain yield. The data presented in this paper highlighted the importance of genetic resistance, particularly partial resistance, for maintaining oat genetic yield potential, reducing environmental contamination with less fungicides, and increasing economic gains with oat cultivation.
Aplicação das técnicas não-destrutivas de ultra-som, vibração transversal e ondas de tensão para avaliação de madeira
Authors: Candian Marcela , Sales Almir
Published: January 2021

Resumo Aplicação de técnicas não-destrutivas pode auxiliar no processo de avaliação da madeira, não sendo necessária a extração de corpos-de-prova. Entre as técnicas de avaliação mecânica, destacam-se as técnicas não-destrutivas de ultra-som e de vibração transversal. Com o avanço no uso das técnicas não-destrutivas, tornou-se possível o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, entre as quais se destaca a técnica de ondas de tensão, que permite a obtenção de imagem tomográfica da madeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a acuracidade das técnicas de vibração transversal e ultra-som comparativamente aos valores obtidos em ensaios estáticos e a obtenção de imagem tomográfica a partir do emprego de ondas de tensão para a espécie Eucalyptus citriodora. Os valores obtidos de coeficiente de determinação para as técnicas de ultra-som (R² = 0,76) e vibração transversal (R² = 0,80) são significativos, demonstrando que essas são importantes ferramentas para a inferência do módulo de elasticidade da madeira. Os resultados permitem também verificar que a imagem tomográfica obtida com o emprego de ondas de tensão possibilita estimar a porcentagem da área deteriorada com adequada confiabilidade.
Propriedades nanomecânicas do silicato de cálcio hidratado de síntese
Authors: Pelisser Fernando , Gleize Philippe Jean Paul , Mikowski Alexandre
Published: January 2021

Resumo O silicato de cálcio hidratado (C-S-H), principal fase proveniente da hidratação do cimento Portland, tem grande influência na maioria das propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos materiais cimentícios. No entanto, até o momento, não existem modelos estruturais relacionando sua composição química, nano e microestrutura com suas propriedades físico-químicas e mecânicas. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se a técnica de indentação instrumentada para avaliar as propriedades nanomecânicas de dois C-S-H de síntese, com relações Ca/Si diferentes. Os resultados mostraram que é possível estimar com precisão o módulo de elasticidade e a dureza utilizando-se somente 16 pontos indentados, com vários ciclos de carga para cada indentação, e que a intensidade da carga de indentação não se mostrou um fator significativo. Mostrou-se também que o módulo de elasticidade do C-S-H aumenta quando a relação Ca/Si diminui, confirmando os cálculos baseados nos métodos de campo de forças, de Manzano et al. (2009). Porém, constatou-se que micro e nanoporosidade influenciam de maneira significativa o resultado. Por fim, há uma discussão sobre alguns dos parâmetros a serem controlados para poder modificar as características mecânicas do gel de C-S-H produzido pela hidratação do cimento Portland.
Lessing's Treatment of the Story of the Ring, and its Teaching
Authors: Carruth W. H.
Published: January 2021

In Westermann's Monatshefte for January, 1891, and later in his ‘Life of Lessing,‘ Professor Erich Schmidt has outlined the chief features of the history and transformations of the story of the three rings in Europe. On examination it will be found that all the versions of the story belong to one or the other of two types, which are represented by the two earliest forms of the story preserved to us. The oldest version, that of the Spanish Jew Salomo ben Verga, tells of two rings or jewels only, which were in outward appearance exactly alike, and there is no question of one being genuine and the other false, but only of the relative value of the two. In the absence of the father it is found impossible to decide the question, and thus the decision between Christianity and Judaism is simply avoided. In Li Dis dou vrai aniel, a French poem of the end of the twelfth century, three rings appear, and to the original or genuine ring is attributed a marvelous healing power by which it may be recognized, and following which a decision is arrived at among the three religions, in this case in favor of Christianity, although ther were not wanting later narrators so bold as to hint that the true ring was possessed by Judaism. The version of Etienne de Bourbon, the versions of the Cento Novelle, the three versions of the Gesta Romanorum, all belong to one or the other of two types. We may refer to these two types as the Spanish type and the French type. Those of the first type, to which belongs also the version of Boccaccio, the one from which Lessing took his point of departure, avoid a decision, implying that all religions are equally authoritative, but without inherent or inner evidence of their quality. Those of the second type, to which in many of its features Lessing's final version of the story is allied, lead to a decision, making religion of divine origin indeed, but supplying a test, that of good works, whereby the true religion may be recognized.
XIV.—Vita Meriadoci: An Arthurian Romance Now First Edited from the Cottonian MS. Faustina B. VI., of the British Museum
Authors: Bruce J. Douglas
Published: January 2021

The following edition of the Vita Meriadoci is based on an exact transcript of the Cottonian ms. made for me by Mr. F. B. Bickley, of the Department of Manuscripts of the British Museum, during the months of June and July, 1899, and shortly after collated by me with the original ms. The edition is similar in character to that of the other Latin romance, De Ortu Waluuanii, contained in the same ms. which appeared in these Publications (vol. xiii, No. 3) two years ago. The only particular in which I have departed from the plan of that edition is in regard to the abstract of the story printed at the end, which in this instance can no longer be termed a paraphrase. Further experience in the comparative study of stories of this kind has convinced me that translations and paraphrases are less useful to the student than briefer summaries and I should indeed reproach myself for the length of the present abstract but for the fact that the barbarous character of the language in which it is composed renders a perusal of the Latin text rather tedious to the reader and it accordingly seemed advisable to render the original with a certain amount of detail.
Cato and Elijah: A Study in Dante
Authors: Grandgent C. H.
Published: January 2021

The appropriate and frequently quoted words of Orazio

Bacci, “E speriamo che anche del Catone non si ritorni a parlare troppo presto,”1 have taken their place among those maxims

Le qua' fuggendo tutto 'l mondo onora.

The copious stream of Cato literature has flowed on undiminished, and the end is apparently no nearer than before. If, then, a new recruit is to join the procession of those who seem to honor Bacci's precept more in the breach than in the observance, it behooves him to declare at the outset that he does so only because he has material to offer which he believes to be new and of a nature to expedite the ultimate solution of the problem.
English Influence Upon Spanish Literature in the Early Part of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Ford J. D. M.
Published: January 2021

An interesting chapter might be written on the interrelations of Spanish and English literatures in the early part of the nineteenth century, and it might aid materially in dispelling the prevalent delusions as to Spanish ‘aloofness’ in matters of general culture. The present paper, which is not offered as by any means exhaustive of the subject, is intended to present in brief outline an account of English influence upon Spanish literature during the period indicated, that is, the first forty years of the century.
The Lambeth Version of Havelok
Authors: Putnam Edward Kirby
Published: January 2021

Of the several abridgments of the Havelok story in the chronicles of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, that which is interpolated in the Lambeth ms. of Robert Mannyng of Brunne's translation of Peter de Langtoft, is the longest and in many respects the most noteworthy. It has, however, not received the attention it merits. Madden attributes it to the scribe, who, he says, has made other changes in the ms. He describes it as “an abridged outline of the story itself, copied apparently from the French chronicle of Gaimar,” but presents no arguments to support his contention. Skeat simply copies Madden. Kupferschmidt, in his extremely valuable discussion of the relations of the various versions of Havelok one to another, accepts without investigation Madden's statement that the Interpolation is based on Gaimar. In view of the great interest attaching to the romance of Havelok a more careful investigation of this Interpolation may be of some service.
La vie de Sainte Catherine D'Alexandrie, as Contained in the Paris Manuscript La Clayette
Authors: Todd Henry Alfred
Published: January 2021

The literary history of the legend of St. Catherine of Alexandria, although it has already been more or less elaborately studied in various quarters, notably in the Geschichte der heiligen Katharina von Alexandrien of the late Hermann Knust (Halle, 1890), still awaits the accurate and thoroughgoing treatment it deserves. My attention was called to the hitherto unpublished version which follows, by the account given of it by M. Paul Meyer, in the Notices et Extraits des mss. de la Bibliothèque Nationale, tome 33, 1re partie (Paris, 1888), in his study Sur deux anciens manuscrits français ayant appartenu au marquis de la Clayette (tirage à part, pp. 61-64). Several years ago I made a copy of this unique version in the National Library at Paris. Having since been unable to control the widely scattered material essential to a proper discussion of the problems involved in the St. Catherine legend, I have decided to publish, without further delay, the text of the Clayette version, offering it to scholars for further utilization, as a not uninteresting literary and linguistic document.
Philology and Purism
Authors: von Jagemann H. C. G.
Published: January 2021

Whatever our definition of philology may be, whether we limit the term in accordance with the prevailing English acceptation of the word to the study of language, or regard, with Boeckh, as its proper object the study of the whole range of human culture, of all the products of the human mind, we probably all agree that the chief task of philology is to record and to explain, not to prophesy or to legislate. In this sense the function of the philologist is distinct from that of the grammarian, the rhetorician, and the literary critic. It must indeed be admitted that these different functions have often been confused, that they have often been exercised by the same person and that in fact the work of the philologist has to some extent been the outgrowth of that of the practical teacher of language. The work of Jacob Grimm was preceded by that of a long line of men whose primary aim was to purify, regulate, and in general improve the German language, though incidentally they became interested in its history and began to investigate the origin of its living forms. The history of our science differs not in this respect from that of other sciences; mathematics and astronomy are distinct from surveying and navigation, and botany from horticulture, though the first astronomer was probably a sailor and the first botanist a gardener.
Influence of the Court-Masques on the Drama, 1608-15
Authors: Thorndike Ashley H.
Published: January 2021

During the reign of James I., court-masques attained a great importance both as splendid spectacles and in the literature of the time. They were very numerous, were produced at great expense, and engaged the services of the best poets of the day. Usually performed at a marriage, or on some festival like those of the Christmas season, they consisted primarily of two parts, (1) the dramatic dialogue usually setting forth some allegorical or mythological device which formed the basis of an impressive spectacle, and (2) the dances interspersed with songs and accompanied by music. These dances were performed by ladies and gallants of the highest court circles, the queen often participating. In addition to these elements, about the year 1608 a third appeared, the anti-masque, consisting of grotesque dances by ‘antick’ personages. These comic anti-masques at once became exceedingly popular and played no small part in the entertainments. The antic dancers were almost always actors from the public theatres.
Pepper, Pickle, and Kipper
Authors: Hempl George
Published: January 2021

When we find an English word beginning with p, we quite properly suspect it of being an adopted word—if not evidently imitative or of nursery origin. For early English words beginning with p there are two chief sources: Latin (including indirectly Greek) and Celtic. If the word appears only in England, it may a priore have come from either of these languages. If it is found both in England and on the continent, it is almost sure to have come from the Latin. Pickle appears both in England and in North Germany, Holland, etc., and we are therefore justified in suspecting a Latin origin for it. It also belongs to the category of words that we know to have been largely drawn from Italy. In the earliest days the Italian traders introduced piper ‘pepper,’ vinum ‘wine,’ acetum ‘essig,’ etc. Later the Germanic peoples owed much of the development of the culinary art among them to the Christian priests and monks from Italy. They were fond of good living, of spices and of sauces. They brought with them from the South seeds and plants, and they raised vegetables and herbs for the table and for the cure of the sick. It is, therefore, but natural that we should suppose that so artificial a product as pickles should have had a similar source. These considerations and a knowledge of the South-German use of pfeffer in senses similar to those of pickle led me to associate pickle with pepper. One kind of pickling suggested that kipper was only another form of the same word.
Color in Old English Poetry
Authors: Mead William E.
Published: January 2021

It is a somewhat singular fact that although students of our language and literature have been carefully gleaning their chosen fields and leaving scarcely any entirely new theme for investigation, there should remain practically untouched a subject of high interest and æsthetic importance,— I mean the use of color in poetry. To some extent the matter has attracted attention in the study of other literatures than ours. Critics often remark upon the brilliant color-sense of the Celtic poets and of the writers of the Old Norse sagas and poems. Gladstone devoted a long section of his Homeric Studies to the color-epithets in the Iliad and the Odyssey; and a German scholar, with characteristic thoroughness, has made an exhaustive study of the color-words in the entire body of the Latin and Greek classics. But an adequate investigation of the development of the color-sense in English poetry is yet to be written. I know of but one paper that treats the matter in any detail, and that paper is confessedly tentative and leaves the older periods untouched. As for color in Old English poetry, a few words by Professor March and a few more in a very rare paper by Dr. Sweet exhaust about all that has been said on the subject.