bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital rock mass characterization 2017 – Where are we now? What comes next?
Authors: Gaich Andreas , Pötsch Markus , Schubert Wulf
Published: October 2017

3GSM rolled out its first rock mass characterization system for conventional tunnelling in 2005. It consisted of a digital camera, as well as software components for 3D image generation and geologic mapping. It took several years before such a system became standard procedure on tunnelling sites. The same principles were applied later to mechanised tunnelling in hard rock using a TBM leading to its first regular application starting in 2016. This contribution provides a description of the state of the art in digital rock mass characterization, as well as possible extensions that are currently available such as the use of tablet computers for on site rock mass characterization or analytic (automatic) rock mass characterization. It ends with an outlook of what may come next in the near future, e.g. the use of mixed reality devices in the tunnel.
Semmering Base Tunnel – Ground characterisation for tendering and construction
Authors: Wagner Oliver Kai , Fasching Alfred , Stadlmann Thomas , Vanek Robert
Published: October 2017

Since the start of construction on contract SBT3.1 in May 2016, all three tunnel construction contracts for the Semmering Base Tunnel are now under construction. From the geological and geotechnical point of view, this represents the transition from the geotechnical prediction for the design for tendering to the documentation in the course of construction. The paper describes the considerations about the systematics of ground characterisation and the definition of ground types in the course of producing the ground prediction for the design for tendering. It also describes the requirements for the documentation of ground conditions encountered during the advance, the updating of the prediction for the daily specification of support measures and the comparison of prediction and actual conditions for contractual purposes.
Current status and promising directions for research on the learning organization
Authors: Watkins Karen E. , Kim Kyoungshin
Published: October 2017

This article examines the state of research on the learning organization in the field of HRD and future directions that hold promise for enriching our understanding of organizational learning and the learning organization. The article differentiates these two streams of research and explores areas where one body of research may be useful to the other. The article draws heavily on studies using theDimensions of a Learning Organization Questionnaire(DLOQ©). Emerging work testing cross‐cultural validity and levels of analysis, as well as social network analyses, shows promise in deepening our understanding of the construct. Finally, a case is made for the need for studies of learning organization interventions in order to continue to test the usefulness of the construct of a learning organization for HRD practitioners.
Age‐related differences in the relation between the home numeracy environment and numeracy skills
Authors: Thompson Rebecca J. , Napoli Amy R. , Purpura David J.
Published: October 2017

The home numeracy environment (HNE) is often predictive of children's early mathematics skills, though the findings are mixed. Overall, research on kindergarten‐aged children demonstrates a relation between the HNE and early numeracy skills, whereas findings for preschool‐aged children are more equivocal. One potential reason for equivocality of these findings is that previous studies have not accounted for the way different practices may relate to children's mathematics skills at different ages. The purpose of the present study was to explore a potential reason for discrepancies in findings of the relation between the HNE and mathematics skills in preschool. Reports of HNE practices were collected from parents of 184 preschool children (71 three year olds and 113 four year olds) and children were assessed on their numeracy skills. Parents of 4‐year‐olds engaged in HNE activities more frequently than parents of 3‐year‐olds. Furthermore, more advanced HNE activities were correlated with numeracy performance of older children, but more basic HNE activities were not correlated with numeracy performance of either age group after accounting for parental education. These findings suggest that nuanced approaches in the way the HNE is measured at different ages may be needed in order to accurately assess relations between developmentally appropriate HNE activities and children's outcomes.

Highlights

The relation between specific home numeracy environment practices and children's numeracy skills were compared across preschool aged children (3 and 4 years old). Complex home numeracy environment practices were related to numeracy skills of older children, but basic home numeracy environment practices were only related to numeracy skills with younger children until controlling for parental education. More targeted measurement of the home numeracy environment may be needed in order to fully assess its impact on the development of mathematics cognition.
Hydrogen‐Mediated C−C Bond Formation: Stereo‐ and Site‐Selective Chemical Synthesis Beyond Stoichiometric Organometallic Reagents
Authors: Schwartz Leyah A. , Krische Michael J.
Published: October 2017

Stereo‐ and site‐selective methods for the byproduct‐free modification of unprotected organic compounds that occur through the addition or redistribution of hydrogen are natural endpoints in the advancement of methods for efficient chemical synthesis. Progress toward this goal requires a departure from reactants that embody non‐native structural elements, including stoichiometric organometallic reagents, directing/protecting groups and chiral auxiliaries. In this perspective, we highlight how hydrogen‐mediated C−C bond formations developed in our laboratory have enabled progress toward ideal chemical syntheses of this type.
Towards Accurate Estimation of Crop Water Requirement without the Crop Coefficient Kc: New Approach Using Modern Technologies
Authors: Ragab R. , Evans J.G. , Battilani A. , Solimando D.
Published: October 2017

Modern technologies to measure actual evapotranspiration, ETa, were implemented at an experimental farm near Bologna, Italy. Large‐aperture scintillometer and eddy covariance instruments were installed. The results showed significant differences between actual evapotranspiration measured by eddy covariance and scintillometer when compared with the potential reference evapotranspiration, ET0, calculated from meteorological data using the Penman–Monteith equation and the crop potential evapotranspiration, ETc, which is based on the ET0 and the crop coefficient, Kc. The ETc and ET0 showed higher values than those of ETa obtained by eddy covariance and scintillometer. On average the actual evapotranspiration measured by eddy covariance and scintillometer for the cropping seasons 2014 and 2015 represented 45 and 35% of the ET0 or the ETc, respectively.

The ET0, or the ETc, represent the atmospheric water demand while, fundamentally, the crop water requirement should be based on crop water demand better represented by the actual evapotranspiration. At present, the results indicate that the actual crop water requirement based on modern technologies could save at least 50% of irrigation water for this region. Another benefit is that these modern technologies do not need the crop coefficient Kc, which for many irrigation practitioners is difficult to obtain. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of O‐Sulfonylation‐promoted Heterolytic NO Bond Cleavage of Amidoximes and Ketoximes
Authors: Hsieh Tsung‐Han , Liao Pen‐Yuan , Liu Yu‐Ting , Wang Chien‐Hong , Lin Chia‐Chi , Chien Tun‐Cheng
Published: October 2017

Two different reaction pathways were observed in the sulfonylation of N‐phenylbenzamidoximes. The reaction with o‐NsCl at a heating temperature gave N,N′‐diphenylureas via Tiemann rearrangement, while the reaction with Ts2O at a lower temperature formed 2‐phenylbenzimidazoles via intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution. When the amide nitrogen was replaced with carbon substituents, oxime derivatives of benzoins and benzils underwent Beckmann fragmentation reactions upon sulfonylation, whereas sulfonylation of 2‐phenylacetophenone oxime afforded exclusively the Beckmann rearrangement adduct.
A case of prenatally diagnosed limited dorsal myeloschisis with good prognosis
Authors: Lafitte Anne Sophie , Blouet Marie , Belloy Frédérique , Borha Alin , Benoist Guillaume
Published: October 2017

Diagnosis of fetal spinal dysraphism is a challenge. It is difficult to distinguish between a meningocele, myelomeningocele, and a recently described entity called limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM). Although myelomeningocele is associated with a poor prognosis, LDM can have a good outcome. We present a case of prenatally diagnosed LDM. Because sonographic examination revealed a round, cystic, septated cervical mass without associated cerebral anomalies, the lesion was initially considered an isolated meningocele. Fetal MRI contributed to correct the diagnosis. A diagnostic error can lead to the wrong surgical support or even the termination of pregnancy. Therefore, we highlight the importance of fetal MRI in such cases, particularly when no cerebral abnormalities are observed on sonographic examination.
Long‐term right ventricular changes in mustard‐exposed patients: A historical cohort
Authors: Khosravi Arezoo , Motamedi Mohamad Ali , Kazemi‐Saleh Davoud , Aslani Jafar , Ghanei Mostafa
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Mustard gas (MG) is a chemical warfare agent widely used in the Iran‐Iraq War. Its catastrophic effects on the lungs, eyes, and skin have been well studied. However, it also affects the cardiovascular system. We aimed to evaluate the long‐term effect of MG on right ventricular (RV) function.

Methods

All patients presenting to the university clinics between May 2014 and September 2015 were consecutively evaluated to enter the study based on the inclusion criteria (documented proof of chemical injury, no past or present cardiovascular disease, not a current smoker, and no history of sleep apnea). A comparable control group of veterans without MG exposure was randomly selected. All patients underwent echocardiographic measurement of RV size and function by a blinded cardiologist.

Results

We included 23 patients in the MG‐exposed group and 19 subjects in the control group, with a mean age of 48.6 years. Mean chemical injury severity score was 29.7% and mean time from the MG exposure was 29.2 years. The main complaint of MG‐exposed patients pertained to respiratory symptoms (91%). Pulmonary artery pressure was higher (32.83 vs. 28.95 mmHg) and RV strain was lower (−17.05% vs. −20.72%) in the MG‐exposed than in the control group (P < .05).

Conclusion

Our results present baseline RV values for MG‐exposed patients and show mild but significant changes after 3 decades. Further cellular and molecular studies are needed to evaluate underlying mechanisms of MG cardiotoxicity.
Racial Discrimination and Health Outcomes Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Carter Robert T. , Lau Michael Y. , Johnson Veronica , Kirkinis Katherine
Published: October 2017

In this meta‐analysis, the authors reviewed 105 studies on the relationships between racial discrimination and health outcomes among racial/ethnic minority Americans. The authors tested for moderator effects of measurement strategies, cultural factors, substance use, gender, and racial group differences. Findings indicate a statistically significant effect size between racial discrimination and health, with the largest effect for mental health and strongest for studies with multi‐item measures.

En este metaanálisis, los autores revisaron 105 estudios sobre las relaciones entre la discriminación racial y los resultados para la salud entre americanos pertenecientes a minorías raciales o étnicas. Los autores examinaron los efectos moderadores de las estrategias de medición, los factores culturales, el uso de sustancias, el género y las diferencias entre grupos raciales. Los hallazgos indican un efecto de tamaño estadísticamente significativo entre la discriminación racial y la salud, con el máximo efecto observado en la salud mental y el más fuerte en estudios con mediciones múltiples.
Impact of Social Support and Coping on Acculturation and Acculturative Stress of East Asian International Students
Authors: Ra Young‐An , Trusty Jerry
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social support and coping on acculturation and acculturative stress of international students. The authors used hierarchical multiple regression analysis to study a sample of 232 East Asian international students. The results indicate that social support and coping were partial mediators on the relationship between acculturation and acculturative stress. Implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research are provided.

El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los efectos del apoyo social y el afrontamiento en la aculturación y el estrés aculturativo de los estudiantes internacionales. Se estudió una muestra de 232 estudiantes internacionales de Asia Oriental usando un anaálisis de regresión múltiple jerárquica. Los resultados indican que el apoyo social y el afrontamiento fueron mediadores parciales en la relación entre aculturación y estrés aculturativo. Se proporcionan implicaciones, limitaciones y recomendaciones para investigaciones futuras.
Race, Ethnicity, and Gender of Faculty Members in APA‐ and CACREP‐Accredited Programs: Changes Over Five Decades
Authors: Baggerly Jennifer , Tan Tony Xing , Pichotta David , Warner Aisha
Published: October 2017

This study examined changes in race, ethnicity, and gender of faculty members in APA‐ and CACREP‐accredited counseling programs over 5 decades based on the year of their degree. Of those faculty members working in accredited programs who graduated in the 1960s/1970s, 26.7% were female, 5.6% were racially diverse, and 1.7% were Latina/o. Of those who graduated 5 decades later, 63% were female, 18% were racially diverse, and 4.9% were Latina/o. Implications are discussed.

Este estudio examinó los cambios en raza, etnicidad y sexo de los miembros del profesorado en programas de consejería acreditados por la APA y CACREP a lo largo de 5 décadas basados en el año de graduación del profesor. De aquellos miembros del profesorado trabajando en programas acreditados que se graduaron en las décadas de los 60 y 70, el 26.7% fueron mujeres, el 5.6% racialmente diversos y el 1.7% latinos. De aquellos que se graduaron 5 décadas después, el 63% fueron mujeres, el 18% racialmente diversos y el 4.9% latinos. Se discuten las implicaciones.
In vivo assessment of the placental anatomy and perfusion in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation
Authors: Wu Dan , Lei Jun , Jia Bei , Xie Han , Zhu Yan , Xu Jiadi , Mori Susumu , Zhang Jiangyang , Burd Irina
Published: October 2017

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides useful markers to examine placental function. MRI features of placental injury due to intrauterine inflammation—a common risk during pregnancy, are not well known.

Purpose

To investigate the capability of structural MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in examining acute placental injury in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation, as well as gestation‐dependent placental changes.

Study Type

Prospective study.

Animal Model

Pregnant CD1 mice were scanned on embryonic day 15 (E15, n = 40 placentas from six dams) and E17. On E17, mice were subjected to intrauterine injury by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, n = 25 placentas from three dams) or sham injury (n = 25 placentas from three dams).

Field Strength/Sequence

In vivo MRI was performed on an 11.7T Bruker scanner, using a fast spin‐echo sequence and a diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequence.

Assessment

T2‐weighted MRI was acquired to evaluate placental volume. IVIM imaging was performed in a restricted field‐of‐view using 15 b‐values from 10–800 s/mm2, based on which, the pseudodiffusion fraction (f), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and tissue water coefficient (D) were estimated with a two‐step fitting procedure.

Statistical Tests

Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the group differences.

Results

The placental volume increased by ∼21% from E15 to E17 (P < 0.01), and a 15% volume loss was observed at 6 hours after LPS exposure (P < 0.01). IVIM parameters (f, D*, and f·D*) were similar between the E15 and E17 sham groups (P > 0.05), which was significantly reduced in the LPS‐exposed placentas compared to the shams (P < 0.001). D values decreased from E15 to E17 (P < 0.05), which were further reduced after LPS exposure (P < 0.05). Changes in placental area and vascular density were histologically identified in the LPS‐exposed group, along with gestation‐dependent changes.

Data Conclusion

Our results suggested structural MRI and IVIM measurements are potential markers for detecting acute placental injury after intrauterine inflammation.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1260–1267.
Therapy Dogs on Campus: A Counseling Outreach Activity for College Students Preparing for Final Exams
Authors: Barker Sandra B. , Barker Randolph T. , Schubert Christine M.
Published: October 2017

A university counseling center engaged a therapy dog program for an outreach activity to reduce stress as students prepare for final exams at a large culturally diverse university. This article describes the rationale, planning, and implementation of the activity; presents an evaluation summary; and provides recommendations and implications for counselors interested in using a similar activity. A large and diverse student population attended the activity and gave primarily positive feedback for this low‐cost group activity.
Calcium signaling of in situ chondrocytes in articular cartilage under compressive loading: Roles of calcium sources and cell membrane ion channels
Authors: Lv Mengxi , Zhou Yilu , Chen Xingyu , Han Lin , Wang Liyun , Lu X. Lucas
Published: October 2017

Mechanical loading on articular cartilage can induce many physical and chemical stimuli on chondrocytes residing in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling is among the earliest responses of chondrocytes to physical stimuli, but the [Ca2+]i signaling of in situ chondrocytes in loaded cartilage is not fully understood due to the technical challenges in [Ca2+]i imaging of chondrocytes in a deforming ECM. This study developed a novel bi‐directional microscopy loading device that enables the record of transient [Ca2+]i responses of in situ chondrocytes in loaded cartilage. It was found that compressive loading significantly promoted [Ca2+]i signaling in chondrocytes with faster [Ca2+]i oscillations in comparison to the non‐loaded cartilage. Seven [Ca2+]i signaling pathways were further investigated by treating the cartilage with antagonists prior to and/or during the loading. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ ions completely abolished the [Ca2+]i responses of in situ chondrocytes, suggesting the indispensable role of extracellular Ca2+ sources in initiating the [Ca2+]i signaling in chondrocytes. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores, inhibition of PLC‐IP3 pathway, and block of purinergic receptors on plasma membrane led to significant reduction in the responsive rate of cells. Three types of ion channels that are regulated by different physical signals, TRPV4 (osmotic and mechanical stress), T‐type VGCCs (electrical potential), and mechanical sensitive ion channels (mechanical loading) all demonstrated critical roles in controlling the [Ca2+]i responses of in situ chondrocyte in the loaded cartilage. This study provided new knowledge about the [Ca2+]i signaling and mechanobiology of chondrocytes in its natural residing environment. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:730–738, 2018.
Inducing drought tolerance in wheat by applying natural and synthetic plant growth promoters
Authors: Shaukat Muhammad , Ahmad Ashfaq , Rasul Fahd , Khaliq Tasneem , Mudassir Muhammad Akhlaq , Yasin Mubashra
Published: October 2017

Crop productivity in future may be limited due to water scarcity. However, foliar spray of plant growth promoters may boost crop production even in adverse environments. In the present study, foliar application of one natural (moringa leaf extract, 3% MLE) and four synthetic (Polydol, Multisol, Classic, and Asahi Star) were applied at tillering, jointing, booting, and heading growth stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during severe, moderate, and light drought and well‐watered condition. No spray and water spray were taken as controls. Results showed significant reduction in growth parameters such as total dry matter production, mean crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, and duration due to drought employed at various phenophases of wheat. However, improvement in these parameters was observed after foliar application of growth promoters, whereas interactive effects between factors were found non‐significant. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were more accelerated under drought treatments from exogenously supplied growth promoters. Foliar application of promoters significantly alleviated drought‐induced reduction of yield and related traits. Grain weight (15%) and grain yield (27%) were improved due to exogenously applied MLE under moderate drought stress treatments relative to controls. Furthermore, 16% higher grain yield and 17% saving of irrigation water over fully irrigated and without promoter treatment (farmers' practice) was recorded from foliar‐applied MLE under skipped irrigation at jointing. In conclusion, foliar‐applied MLE may ameliorate drought‐induced deleterious effects by enhancing antioxidant activities under drought stress.
Pincushion of Tubule Discovery and Tubular Morphology Landscape Establishment of Block Copolymer Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Li , Liu Dong‐Ming , Li Shun‐Shun , Li Kang‐Kang , Wan Wen‐Ming
Published: October 2017

Block copolymer (BCP) self‐assembly is a versatile technique in the preparation of polymeric aggregates with varieties of morphologies. However, its morphology library is limited. Here, the discovery of pincushion of tubules is reported for the first time, via BCP self‐assembly of poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐b‐polystyrene (P4VP‐b‐PS) with very high molecular weight (500 kDa) and asymmetry (2 mol% P4VP). The investigation confirms the importance of core‐forming block length on morphology control of BCP self‐assemblies, especially with respect to tubular structures. The morphology landscape of tubular structures is successfully established, where dumbbell of tubule, tubule, loose clew of tubules, tight clew of tubules, and pincushion of tubules can be prepared by adjusting the core‐forming block length. This work therefore expands the structure library of BCP self‐assemblies and opens up a new avenue for the further applications of these tubular materials.
Cognitive changes in prodromal Parkinson's disease: A review
Authors: Fengler Sophie , Liepelt‐Scarfone Inga , Brockmann Kathrin , Schäffer Eva , Berg Daniela , Kalbe Elke
Published: October 2017

Although other nonmotor phenomena representing possible prodromal symptoms of Parkinson's disease have been described in some detail, the occurrence and characteristics of cognitive decline in this early phase of the disease are less well understood. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of research on cognitive changes in prodromal PD. Only a small number of longitudinal studies have been conducted that examined cognitive function in individuals with a subsequent PD diagnosis. However, when we consider data from at‐risk groups, the evidence suggests that cognitive decline may occur in a substantial number of individuals who have the potential for developing PD. In terms of specific cognitive domains, executive function in particular and, less frequently, memory scores are reduced. Prospective longitudinal studies are thus needed to clarify whether cognitive, and specifically executive, decline might be added to the prodromal nonmotor symptom complex that may precede motor manifestations of PD by years and may help to update the risk scores used for early identification of PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Nutrikinetics of Isoflavone Metabolites After Fermented Soybean Product (Cheonggukjang) Ingestion in Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Lee Da‐Hye , Kim Min Jung , Ahn Jiyun , Lee Sang Hee , Lee Hyunjung , Kim Jin Hee , Park So‐Hyun , Jang Young‐Jin , Ha Tae‐Youl , Jung Chang Hwa
Published: October 2017

Scope

Cheonggukjang (CGJ) is a soybean‐based quick‐fermented food popular in Korea that contains a variety of biologically active compounds including isoflavones and saponins. Isoflavone bioavailability may be important for the bone health of postmenopausal women; therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of fermentation on the isoflavone metabolite nutrikinetic profile after single dose CGJ or unfermented soybean administration in ovariectomized (OVX) and sham mice.

Methods and results

We identify 34 isoflavone metabolites using UPLC–QTOF‐MS and analyze their nutrikinetics at different time points (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) to understand their fermentation‐ and OVX‐mediated time‐dependent concentration changes. Nutrikinetics analysis shows that genistein, daidzein, genistein 4′‐sulfate, dihydrodaidzein sulfate, equol 4′‐sulfate, and equol‐7‐glucuronide are present at high concentrations in all groups based on area‐under‐the‐curve analysis. OVX mice appear to show lower isoflavone bioavailability than mice in the sham group. CGJ enhances various isoflavone metabolite bioavailability including genistein, 3‐hydroxygenistein, and equol 7‐glucuronide, compared to the unfermented soybean‐treated group. Among these metabolites, intact isoflavones, 3‐hydroxygenistein, genistein 4′‐sulfate, and equol 7‐glucuronide promote osteoblastogenesis and inhibit osteoclast formation.

Conclusions

CGJ has good isoflavone bioavailability and may be beneficial for the bone health of postmenopausal women.
Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease type 4C: Novel mutations, clinical presentations, and diagnostic challenges
Authors: Jerath Nivedita U. , Mankodi Ami , Crawford Thomas O. , Grunseich Christopher , Baloui Hasna , Nnamdi‐Emeratom Chioma , Schindler Alice B. , Heiman‐Patterson Terry , Chrast Roman , Shy Michael E.
Published: October 2017

Introduction

This study analyzes and describes atypical presentations of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4C (CMT4C).

Methods

We present clinical and physiologic features of 5 patients with CMT4C caused by biallelic private mutations of SH3TC2.

Results

All patients manifested scoliosis, and nerve conduction study indicated results in the demyelinating range. All patients exhibited signs of motor impairment within the first years of life. We describe 2 or more different genetic diseases in the same patient, atypical presentations of CMT, and 3 new mutations in CMT4C patients.

Discussion

A new era of unbiased genetic testing has led to this small case series of individuals with CMT4C and highlights the recognition of different genetic diseases in CMT4C patients for accurate diagnosis, genetic risk identification, and therapeutic intervention. The phenotype of CMT4C, in addition, appears to be enriched by a number of features unusual for the broad CMT category. Muscle Nerve 57: 749–755, 2018
Effect of very old age on anconeus motor unit loss and compensatory remodelling
Authors: Gilmore Kevin J. , Kirk Eric A. , Doherty Timothy J. , Rice Charles L.
Published: October 2017

Introduction: It is not known how the process of compensatory remodeling through collateral reinnervation continues into very old age (>80 years) or whether there is a limit to effective motor unit (MU) reinnervation. Therefore, we explore electrophysiological properties related to motor unit number estimates (MUNEs) in very old participants (79–90 years of age) compared with young controls (25–29 years of age). Methods: Decomposition‐enhanced spike‐triggered averaging was used to collect surface and intramuscular electromyography information from the anconeus to derive a MUNE. Results: Young participants had a MUNE of ∼38 and ∼25 at 30% and 50% root mean squared maximum voluntary contraction (RMSMVC) with surface motor unit potentials (S‐MUPs) of ∼145 μV and 236 μV, respectively. Older participants had a MUNE of ∼23 and ∼16 at 30% and 50% RMSMVC with S‐MUPs of 168 μV and 232 μV, respectively. Discussion: In this muscle, an age limit to successful remodeling through collateral reinnervation, to compensate for the presumed ongoing losses of MUs, may have been surpassed. Muscle Nerve 57: 659–663, 2018
The effect of group integrative reminiscence therapy on mental health among older women living in Iranian nursing homes
Authors: Musavi Motahareh , Mohammadian Sara , Mohammadinezhad Bahar
Published: October 2017

Aim

The present study aimed to determine the impact of group integrative reminiscence therapy on mental health of older women living in Iranian nursing home in 2016.

Design

A quasi‐experimental design pre‐ and post‐test was used in the present study. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants who met the study criteria.

Method

The statistical population included 60 older women living in nursing home, among whom 46 having the inclusion criteria were selected as the sample. After completing the Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire, the older people were divided into intervention (N = 23) and control (N = 23) group by using block randomization method. The intervention groups were trained by integrative reminiscence therapy for 60–90 min 10 sessions, twice a week. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for data analysis by SPSS software.

Results

The results indicated that group integrative reminiscence therapy significantly affected general mental health and physical dimensions, anxiety and insomnia, social functions and depression.
Contemporary Use of Oral Antithrombotic Agents: Focus on Dual and Triple Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Jenkins Antoine T. , Kantorovich Alexander , Burman Luba
Published: October 2017

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) represents a long‐standing health care burden in most industrialized countries. Management of ASCVD is multifaceted, and utilization of antithrombotic agents is a key component of care to reduce vascular events. Minimizing thrombotic risk can be accomplished via antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs; however, combination therapy is warranted for some indications. Although reducing thrombotic complications is important, it is equally vital to consider the safety of combination regimens. Thus clinicians must effectively balance both individualized thrombotic and bleeding risks when using this strategy. Scenarios occur in practice when determining the role for combination therapy is not clear, especially for patients with ASCVD who require both dual antiplatelet therapy plus anticoagulation. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of dual or triple antithrombotic therapies across the spectrum of thrombotic disease states. In addition to critiquing relevant research studies and evaluating key recommendations from nationally published guidelines and consensus statements involving the use of these agents, we offer practical considerations that can be utilized when managing patients with ASCVD.
Kinetic characterizations of diallyl sulfide analogs for their novel role as CYP2E1 enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Rahman Mohammad A. , Midde Narasimha M. , Wu Xiaoxin , Li Wei , Kumar Santosh
Published: October 2017

Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a selective inhibitor of CYP2E1, has shown protective effects against alcohol‐ and acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity in many studies. However, DAS is also a CYP2E1 substrate that on metabolism produces toxic metabolites and causes cytotoxicity. The objective of this study was to find a potent DAS analog as a CYP2E1 inhibitor and has the characteristic of producing less toxic metabolites. We selected seven commercially available compounds that are similar to DAS (DAS analogs). First, we performed ligand‐CYP2E1 docking study to determine the binding mode and binding energy. The analysis suggested a relative potential for these DAS analogs as CYP2E1 inhibitor. We then performed a comprehensive inhibition kinetics of DAS analogs and determined the relative IC50, Ki, and types of inhibition compared to that of DAS. The results showed that compared to DAS, diallyl ether and allyl methyl sulfide have lower Ki values (3.1 and 4.4 μmol/L, respectively, vs. 6.3 μmol/L for DAS) and IC50 values (6.3 and 11.4 μmol/L, respectively, vs. 17.3 μmol/L for DAS). However, allyl methyl sulfide and thiophene showed similar inhibitory capacities to that of DAS, and four other DAS analogs showed lower potency than DAS. In conclusion, we have found relatively more potent inhibitors of CYP2E1, which have lower toxicity than DAS. These compounds can replace DAS not only as a tool for in vitro and in vivo studies that involve CYP2E1 inhibition, but also can lead the way for their use in preventing CYP2E1‐mediated hepatic toxicity of alcohol and acetaminophen.
Hysteresis and Phase Transition Kinetics in Magnetocaloric Materials
Authors: Basso Vittorio , Piazzi Marco , Bennati Cecilia , Curcio Carmen
Published: October 2017

In the present paper, we review the recent research on the physics of magnetocaloric materials aiming to define a coherent theoretical framework in which hysteresis and kinetic effects can be appropriately discussed and interpreted in relation to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We dedicate our efforts to introduce a thermodynamic description of the material, including the out‐of‐equilibrium aspects which are necessary to understand hysteresis, heat flux avalanches and thermal relaxation effects. In particular we show how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, contributing to define the energy landscape of the system, influence the resulting hysteresis and how different kinetic effects are expected depending on the phase transformation mechanisms, here described either as an out‐of‐equilibrium domain boundary motion or as a thermally activated process associated to energy barriers. Several applications of the theoretical models are discussed in relation with experiments on La(Fe‐Si)13‐based compounds and Mn–Bi.
Recent Studies of Flow and Transport in the Vadose Zone
Authors: GEE G. W. , KINCAID C. T. , LENHARD R. J. , SIMMONS C. S.
Published: October 2017

Vadose zone hydrology has received increased attention in recent years as a result of environmental concerns over potential groundwater pollution from buried wastes. Funding agencies have supported several comprehensive field studies designed to improve and test models that describe flow and transport of contaminants in heterogeneous field soils. Extensive data bases, containing measured hydraulic properties and observations of flow and transport, have been established and have been useful for model testing and comparison. Improvements in stochastic and deterministic modeling capabilities for the vadose zone have been made. The stochastic models provide a way to account for site variability. The improved deterministic models conserve mass and are computationally efficient. This paper discusses recent progress in the areas of model validation, stochastic and deterministic analysis, multiphase flow and transport, preferred pathway analysis, and other related topics.
Flow and Transport in Fractured Rocks
Authors: WANG J. S. Y.
Published: October 2017

Laboratory‐scale studies of discrete fractures lead to better understanding of the relationship between flow properties and pore geometry. Field‐scale studies of fracture networks test the validity of classical continuum approaches for transport processes in heterogeneous media. During 1987 to 1990, earth scientists have made significant advances in quantifying flow channeling and solute breakthrough in rough‐walled fractures, analyzing transitions between fracture and matrix flows under multiphase conditions, and characterizing fracture networks with hydrological and geophysical studies. In this review, the effect of heterogeneity and the issue of scaling are discussed. Many common features and similiar approaches can be identified in microcracks, discrete fractures, soil macropores, fractured rock masses, and heterogeneous reservoirs at different scales.
Physical Measurements in Subsurface Hydrology
Authors: DANE J. H. , MOLZ F. J.
Published: October 2017

Measurements needed to define the basic hydraulic properties of subsurface porous media constitute a fundamental problem. Complex mathematical flow models can only make realistic predictions if the “correct” values for the hydraulic properties are used. This paper reviews the physical measurements currently in use to determine flow related properties of subsurface porous media.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Predictability in the Atmospheric Sciences
Authors: GHIL M. , KIMOTO M. , NEELIN J. D.
Published: October 2017

Contributions by American scientists to the nonlinear dynamics of intraseasonal, interannual and Quaternary
climate changes are summarized for the period 1987–90. Applications of the successive bifurcation approach
and of the ergodic theory of dynamical systems to our understanding and prediction of these changes are
emphasized.
I Get You: Simple Tools for Understanding Your Student Populations and Their Need to Succeed
Authors: Ralston Ekaterina S. , Compton Jonathan , Forbes Greg , Xu Xiaowei , Pontius Jason
Published: October 2017

College admission typically requires students to present their high school GPA and a standardized score, such as ACT or SAT. High school GPA is usually attributed to students’ cumulative effort during their high school career and is often used as a measure of resilience. The ACT score allows students’ aptitude to be assessed. Contemporary admission practices, however, often rely on a combination of scores that allow ranking a potential student and viewing them as a high‐ or low‐potential based on a single number. While such practice is efficient for making quick admission decisions, it is detrimental for identifying students’ particular needs while in college. Such students with academic challenges may require help understanding the subject matter, while students who lack essential study‐ or time‐management skills may require assistance emphasizing the behavioral component of being in college. Lack of a simple way to estimate potential challenges within the populations comprising the student body often results in treating the population that doesn’t necessarily need help and overlooking the segments that may require extra or a different type of attention. To quickly understand the differences in student population, a tool was developed that parcels an incoming cohort into four achievement quadrants: low achiever, high achiever, overachiever, and underachiever. This study explores the usability of this tool in determining at‐risk population, and understanding behavioral differences and reported academic needs for intervention design.
In and Out: Veterans in Transition and Higher Education
Authors: Bell Barbara
Published: October 2017

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) spends nearly $12 billion annually on education benefits (VA, 2016). Veterans are showing up on campus in ever increasing numbers. While recruiting veterans makes sense from an enrollment management perspective, as most veterans come to campus with financial aid, how well prepared is higher education to receive them? Given the investment the government, taxpayers, and individual veterans are making, colleges and universities would be well served to understand these students. This article explores how veterans have changed the landscape of higher education, delves into the culture of the military and its impact on veterans, examines the challenges many veterans face as they transition out of the military, and concludes with a discussion of ways in which higher education institutions might thoughtfully and intentionally assist veterans’ transition into life as successful college students.
Correlated Poisson models for age‐period‐cohort analysis
Authors: Chernyavskiy Pavel , Little Mark P. , Rosenberg Philip S.
Published: October 2017

Age‐period‐cohort (APC) models are widely used to analyze population‐level rates, particularly cancer incidence and mortality. These models are used for descriptive epidemiology, comparative risk analysis, and extrapolating future disease burden. Traditional APC models have 2 major limitations: (1) they lack parsimony because they require estimation of deviations from linear trends for each level of age, period, and cohort; and (2) rates observed at similar ages, periods, and cohorts are treated as independent, ignoring any correlations between them that may lead to biased parameter estimates and inefficient standard errors. We propose a novel approach to estimation of APC models using a spatially correlated Poisson model that accounts for over‐dispersion and correlations in age, period, and cohort, simultaneously. We treat the outcome of interest as event rates occurring over a grid defined by values of age, period, and cohort. Rates defined in this manner lend themselves to well‐established approaches from spatial statistics in which correlation among proximate observations may be modeled using a spatial random effect. Through simulations, we show that in the presence of spatial dependence and over‐dispersion: (1) the correlated Poisson model attains lower AIC; (2) the traditional APC model produces biased trend parameter estimates; and (3) the correlated Poisson model corrects most of this bias. We illustrate our approach using brain and breast cancer incidence rates from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program of the United States. Our approach can be easily extended to accommodate comparative risk analyses and interpolation of cells in the Lexis with sparse data.
Multicolor, Fluorescent Supercapacitor Fiber
Authors: Liao Meng , Sun Hao , Zhang Jing , Wu Jingxia , Xie Songlin , Fu Xuemei , Sun Xuemei , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng
Published: October 2017

Fiber‐shaped supercapacitors have attracted broad attentions from both academic and industrial communities due to the demonstrated potentials as next‐generation power modules. However, it is important while remains challenging to develop dark‐environment identifiable supercapacitor fibers for enhancement on operation convenience and security in nighttime applications. Herein, a novel family of colorful fluorescent supercapacitor fibers has been produced from aligned multi‐walled carbon nanotube sheets. Fluorescent dye particles are introduced and stably anchored on the surfaces of aligned multi‐walled carbon nanotubes to prepare hybrid fiber electrodes with a broad range of colors from red to purple. The fluorescent component in the dye introduces fluorescent indication capability to the fiber, which is particularly promising for flexible and wearable devices applied in dark environment. In addition, the colorful fluorescent supercapacitor fibers also maintain high electrochemical performance under cyclic bending and charge‐discharge processes.
PEDOT:PSS/SiNWs Hybrid Solar Cells With an Effective Nanocrystalline Silicon Back Surface Field Layer by Low Temperature Catalytic Diffusion
Authors: Shen Rongzong , Liu Ming , Zhou Yurong , Li Fengchao , Wang Huamei , Yang Yufei , Liu Fengzhen
Published: October 2017

PEDOT:PSS/Silicon nano‐wires (SiNWs) hybrid solar cells have significant potential to reduce costs due to use of simple spin coating process. The front surface of the silicon substrates is textured by using metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) to improve light harvesting and to enlarge contact area between the silicon substrate and the polymer. An ultra‐thin n‐type silicon film with high conductivity, served as passivation and back surface field (BSF) layer at the same time, is formed at the back side of the silicon substrates by using low temperature catalytic diffusion carried out in a hot wire chemical vapor deposition chamber. The influences of the low temperature catalytic diffusion process on the conductivity and micro‐structure of the ultra‐thin silicon film are presented and discussed. The role of the ultra‐thin silicon film in the hybrid solar cells is analyzed based on an amorphous/nano‐crystalline silicon double‐layer model. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 15% is achieved for PEDOT:PSS/SiNWs hybrid solar cell.
Re: Quality of reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies on pelvic floor three‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound: a systematic review. A. T. M. Grob, L. R. van der Vaart, M. I. J. Withagen and C. H. van der Vaart. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50: 451–457.
Authors: Korevaar D. A.
Published: October 2017

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50: 451–457
Deep learning for automated drivetrain fault detection
Authors: Bach‐Andersen Martin , Rømer‐Odgaard Bo , Winther Ole
Published: October 2017

A novel data‐driven deep‐learning system for large‐scale wind turbine drivetrain monitoring applications is presented. It uses convolutional neural network processing on complex vibration signal inputs. The system is demonstrated to learn successfully from the actions of human diagnostic experts and provide early and robust fault detection on both rotor bearing, planetary and helical stage gear box bearings from analysis of multisensor vibration patterns using only a high‐level feature selection. On the basis of data from 251 actual wind turbine bearing failures, we are able to accurately quantify the fleet‐wide diagnostic model performance. The analysis also explores the time dependence of the diagnostic performance, providing a detailed view of the timeliness and accuracy of the diagnostic outputs across the different architectures. Deep architectures are shown to outperform the human analyst as well as shallow‐learning architectures, and the results demonstrate that when applied in a large‐scale monitoring system, machine intelligence is now able to handle some of the most challenging diagnostic tasks related to wind turbines.
Synthesis and Structures of Gallium‐β‐Diketiminate Complexes: Isolation of a Dinuclear Gallium(II) Complex
Authors: Laubenstein Reik , Ahrens Mike , Braun Thomas
Published: October 2017

The sterically demanding β‐diketiminate ligand Ldmp [Ldmp = HC{(CMe)N(dmp)}2, dmp = C6H3‐2,6‐Me2] was used to stabilize various gallium complexes in the formal oxidation states +II and +III. The reaction of in situ generated [LdmpLi] with gallium chloride affords [LdmpGaCl2] (1), which was used as starting complex to synthesize a variety of gallium(III) compounds [LdmpGaX2] [X = F (2), I (3), H (4), and Me (5)]. Synthesis of the dinuclear complex [LdmpGaI]2 (6), with gallium in the formal oxidation state +II was accomplished by converting “GaI” with in situ generated [LdmpLi] in toluene. All compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, NMR spectroscopy, LIFDI‐TOF‐MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Additionally DFT calculations were performed for analysis of the bonding in 6.