bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Changes of microRNAs Response to Exercise in Rats with Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Guo Jia-Bao , Chen Bing-Lin , Song Ge , Zheng Yi-Li , Zhu Yi , Yang Zheng , Su Xuan , Wang Ying , Cao Qing , Chen Pei-Jie , Wang Xue-Qiang
Published: August 2021

There is accumulating evidence showing that exercise therapy may play an active role in peripheral neuropathic pain (NP), but its mechanism is still unclear. Studies have found that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play a role in NP by regulating pain-related target genes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the changes of miRNA and mRNA of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after NP in response to exercise with transcriptome technology. The chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was established, and rats were randomly allocated into three groups, namely, the sham-operated, CCI, and CCI-exercised groups. L4-L6 DRG tissue was taken for RNA-sequencing, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined through bioinformatics analysis. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the accuracy. A total of 4 overlapping differentially expressed miRNAs and 186 overlapping differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the two comparisons of the sham-operated group versus the CCI group and the CCI group versus the CCI-exercised group. Among these DEGs, miR-145-5p, miR-341, miR-300-5p, miR-653-5p, Atf3, Cacna2d1, Gal, and Ctss related to NP were validated by real-time PCR. DEGs between the CCI and CCI-exercised groups were enriched in HIF-1 signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, and neurotrophin signaling pathway. This study provides an understanding of the adaptive mechanisms after exercise of NP, and these DEGs in DRG might play a role in NP by stimulating the enriched pathways.
A Novel Rapid GNSS Network Solution in Mountainous Region Monitoring considering the Tropospheric Delay at Ground Points
Authors: Jiang Guangwei , Wang Panlong , Wang Bin , Cheng Chuanlu
Published: August 2021

Due to the short peak observation time of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the accuracy of the tropospheric delay estimation and the positioning are poor. In this study, a rapid GNSS network solution for mountainous regions is presented. The high‐precision tropospheric delay at ground points is obtained from long‐term ground observation data and used as a priori constraint in the double‐difference equation of short‐time synchronous peak observations to realize rapid and high‐precision positioning. Chinese mountain survey networks with large elevation gradient (1000~2000 m) were selected for the experimental verification of the proposed method. The results show that the rapid peak positioning method weakened the effect of the residual tropospheric delay caused by the elevation difference, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the results. The positioning accuracy of the peak in upward direction was better than 1.1 cm, which meets the requirements of rapid short‐span (~1 h) high‐precision monitoring and achieves 24 h positioning accuracy. Compared with the traditional solution strategy, the precision of the method with respect to the north (N), east (E), upward (U), and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) significantly improved. The accuracy of U improved by more than 47%. Therefore, based on the high accuracy and reliability, information of ground stations can be fully utilized to significantly reduce the peak observation time and the operation costs of surveys in mountain regions.
Edge Artificial Intelligence: Real-Time Noninvasive Technique for Vital Signs of Myocardial Infarction Recognition Using Jetson Nano
Authors: Mohan H. M. , Anitha S. , Chai Rifai , Ling Sai Ho
Published: August 2021

The history of medicine shows that myocardial infarction is one of the significant causes of death in humans. The rapid evolution in autonomous technologies, the rise of computer vision, and edge computing offers intriguing possibilities in healthcare monitoring systems. The major motivation of the work is to improve the survival rate during a cardiac arrest through an automatic emergency recognition system under ambient intelligence. We present a novel approach to chest pain and fall posture-based vital sign detection using an intelligence surveillance camera to address the emergency during myocardial infarction. A real-time embedded solution persuaded from “edge AI” is implemented using the state-of-the-art convolution neural networks: single shot detector Inception V2, single shot detector MobileNet V2, and Internet of Things embedded GPU platform NVIDIA’s Jetson Nano. The deep learning algorithm is implemented for 3000 indoor color image datasets: Nanyang Technological University Red Blue Green and Depth, NTU RGB + D dataset, and private RMS dataset. The research mainly pivots on two key factors in creating and training a CNN model to detect the vital signs and evaluate its performance metrics. We propose a model, which is cost-effective and consumes low power for onboard detection of vital signs of myocardial infarction and evaluated the metrics to achieve a mean average precision of 76.4% and an average recall of 80%.
Atraumatic Splenic Rupture Associated with Influenza A (H1N1) Pneumonia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Deol Dilraj , Wu Huimin , Lasso-Pirot Anayansi , Robinett Kathryn S , Diaz-Abad Montserrat
Published: August 2021

Influenza virus infection may present with fever, chills, headache, myalgia, malaise, and respiratory symptoms, with a few cases developing into pneumonia, respiratory failure, and other organ damage. Very few cases of atraumatic splenic rupture associated with influenza infection have been reported. Atraumatic splenic rupture, while rare, is associated with high mortality. Here, we report the first case of atraumatic splenic rupture associated with influenza infection in the English literature and review the prior reported literature. The patient was diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia and subsequently developed hemorrhagic shock requiring emergency laparotomy and removal of the ruptured spleen.
Some Studies in Hemirings by the Falling Fuzzy
k
-Ideals
Authors: Anjum R. , Sarfraz F. , Kausar N. , Gaba Y. U. , Aydi H. , Munir M. , Salahuddin
Published: August 2021

In this article, we establish the idea of falling fuzzy

k

-ideals in hemirings through the falling shadow theory and fuzzy sets. We shall express the relations between fuzzy

k

-ideals and falling fuzzy

k

-ideals in hemirings. In particular, we shall establish different characterizations of

k

-hemiregular hemirings in the perfect positive correlation and independent probability space by means of falling fuzzy

k

-ideals.
Evolution Analysis of Microseismic Events before and after Mining through Large‐Scale Weak Zone with High Confined Water
Authors: Jia Jing , Hao Xianjie , Zhao Guanghui , Li Yubao , Chuai Xiaoyu , Huang Lei , Pan Guangyao , Wei Yingnan , Chen Kai , Huang Ruilai , Zhan Rongcheng
Published: August 2021

The existence of large‐scale weak zone will have a great adverse impact on coal mining in high confined aquifer. Taking the Wutongzhuang Coal Mine which is threatened by high‐pressure water as an example, this paper studies the difference between the microseismic events before and after mining and analyzes the influence of the large size weak zone on the coal mining on the confined aquifer. The research results show that the microseismic characteristics of the large soft weak belt are small number of events, the spatial distribution of events is concentrated, and the energy level is large. The amplitude of microseismic events is higher, and the proportion of large events in microseismic events is larger than that of small events; the characteristics of microseismic events caused by mining face mining are that the number of events is more, the distribution of events is loose, the distribution of roof and floor is more, the energy level is less, the amplitude is smaller, and the proportion of small and medium events in microseismic events is larger than that of large events. Due to the joint influence of large‐scale weak zone of floor and mining, the floor in the middle area of working face is affected by mining, the number of microseismic events in each aquifer increases suddenly, the karst fissures between the aquifers are further developed, and there is a trend of transfixion. Therefore, measures such as floor grouting should be taken to reinforce the large‐scale weak zone before mining.
General Solution and Stability of Additive-Quadratic Functional Equation in IRN-Space
Authors: Tamilvanan K. , Alessa Nazek , Loganathan K. , Balasubramanian G. , Namgyel Ngawang
Published: August 2021

The investigation of the stabilities of various types of equations is an interesting and evolving research area in the field of mathematical analysis. Recently, there are many research papers published on this topic, especially additive, quadratic, cubic, and mixed type functional equations. We propose a new functional equation in this study which is quite different from the functional equations already dealt in the literature. The main feature of the equation dealt in this study is that it has three different solutions, namely, additive, quadratic, and mixed type functions. We also prove that the stability results hold good for this equation in intuitionistic random normed space (briefly, IRN-space).
Involvement of Hepcidin in Cognitive Damage Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Mice
Authors: Zhao Ya-Shuo , Tan Miao , Song Ji-Xian , An Ji-Ren , Yang Xin-Yue , Li Wen-Ya , Guo Ya-Jing , Ji En-Sheng
Published: August 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients exhibit different degrees of cognitive impairment, which is related to the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and the deposition of iron in the brain. As a central regulator of iron homeostasis, whether hepcidin is involved in OSA‐induced cognitive impairment has not been clarified. In order to simulate OSA, we established the mouse model by reducing the percentage of inspired O2 (FiO2) from 21% to 5%, 20 times/h for 8 h/day. We found hepcidin was rising during CIH, along with increasing iron levels and neuron loss. Then, we constructed a mouse with astrocyte‐specific knockdown hepcidin gene (shHamp). During CIH exposure, the shHamp mice showed a lower level of total iron and neuronal iron in the hippocampus, via stabilizing ferroportin 1 (FPN1) and decreasing L‐ferritin (FTL) levels, when compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. Furthermore, the shHamp mice showed a decrease of ROS by downregulating the elevated NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) levels mediated by CIH. In addition, the shHamp mice presented improved cognitive deficit by improving synaptic plasticity and BDNF expression in the hippocampus when subjected to CIH. Therefore, our data revealed that highly expressed hepcidin might promote the degradation of FPN1, resulting in neuronal iron deposition, oxidative stress damage, reduced synaptic plasticity, and impaired cognitive performance during CIH exposure.
The Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Anticipatory Delay of Core Muscles in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Zheng Yi-Li , Hu Hao-Yu , Liu Xiao-Chen , Su Xuan , Chen Pei-Jie , Wang Xue-Qiang
Published: August 2021

Objective. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise on the anticipatory delay of core muscles in nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) patients. Methods. Forty participants with NSLBP were randomly divided into the WBV group and the control group. The sEMG signals of deltoid, erector spines (ES), multifidus (MF), rectus abdominis (RA), and transversus abdominus/internal oblique muscles (TrA/IO) were recorded before and after the intervention in the weight-shifting task. The relative activation time of each muscle was calculated. Results. In the WBV group, the relative activation time of bilateral MF and bilateral TrA/IO was significantly reduced on shoulder flexion (right MF:

P
=
0.014

; left MF:

P
=
0.011

; right TrA/IO:

P
=
0.008

; left TrA/IO:

P
=
0.026

). As for shoulder abduction, except for the left TrA/IO and the left RA, the relative activation time of other muscles was significantly reduced (right ES:

P
=
0.001

; left ES:

P
<
0.001

; right MF:

P
=
0.001

; left MF:

P
=
0.009

; right TrA/IO:

P
<
0.001

; right RA:

P
=
0.001

). In the control group, there was no significant difference in the relative activation time of each muscle before and after the intervention (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusions. WBV exercise can effectively alleviate the anticipatory delay of core muscles in NSLBP patients, but the long-term effects still need further study. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-TRC-13003708.
Understanding Block and Transaction Logs of Permissionless Blockchain Networks
Authors: Heo Hwanjo , Shin Seungwon
Published: August 2021

Public blockchain records are widely studied in various aspects such as cryptocurrency abuse, anti-money-laundering, and monetary flow of businesses. However, the final blockchain records, usually available from block explorer services or querying locally stored data of blockchain nodes, do not provide abundant and dynamic event logs that are only visible from a live large-scale measurement. In this paper, we collect the network logs of three popular permissionless blockchains, that is, Bitcoin, Ethereum, and EOS. The discrepancy between observed events and the public block data is studied via a noble analysis model provided with the soundness of measurement. We share our key findings including a false universal assumption of previous mining-related studies and the block/transaction arrival characteristics.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Novel FRP Bars with Hoop Winding Layer
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhang Hong-Tao , Zhao Hong-Hao , Lu Lin , Han Ming-Yang , Wang Jiao-Cai , Guan Shuai
Published: August 2021

Due to the fact that steel reinforcement is vulnerable to corrosion, FRP bars with light weight, high strength, and excellent durability have become a good substitute for ordinary steel bars. FRP bars have high tensile strength, but their compressive strength is relatively low and often neglected, so the application of FRP bars in compression members has been restricted. This paper proposes a new pultrusion‐winding‐pultrusion method to improve the compressive ability of FRP bars. A hoop FRP layer is winded on the outer surface of the pultruded FRP core, and a longitudinal pultruded layer and ribs are also added on the outermost surface. In this paper, mechanical properties of this novel FRP bar with hoop winding layer are investigated. First, monotonic tensile and compressive tests on traditional and novel GFRP bars were conducted. Then, cyclic tension‐compression loading tests were also carried out on the two types of GFRP bars. Test results showed that the compressive ultimate bearing capacities of GFRP bars with winding layers were 10∼20 kN greater than those of the traditional GFRP bars, and the compressive ductility of the novel GFRP bars was also improved. Furthermore, the tensile stress‐strain behaviors of both GFRP bars were linear‐elastic and the added winding layer did not greatly influence the tensile properties of the GFRP bars. Moreover, for the cyclic loading test, the compressive ultimate load of GFRP bars was 80%∼90% of that under monotonic compressive test, and the tensile ultimate load was 45%∼65% of that under monotonic tensile test. Compared with the GFRP bar without winding layer, the overall stiffness of the novel GFRP bar was greater than that of the traditional one and the ultimate load of the novel GFRP bar was also greater. In addition, seeing that the residual displacement of the novel GFRP bar was greater than that of the traditional GFRP bar, winding hoop fibers on the outer surface of the core is a useful way to improve the energy dissipation capacity of the GFRP bar.
Simple and Ingenious Mobile Botnet Covert Network Based on Adjustable Unit (SIMBAIDU)
Authors: Wu Min-Hao , Lee Chia-Hao , Hsu Fu-Hau , Chang Kai-Wei , Huang Tsung-Huang , Chang Ting-Cheng , Yi Li-Min
Published: August 2021

Various services through smartphones or personal computers have become common nowadays. Accordingly, embedded malware is rapidly increasing. The malware is infiltrated by using short message service (SMS), wireless networks, and random calling and makes smartphones bots in botnets. Therefore, in a system without an appropriate deterrent, smartphones are infiltrated easily. In the security threats by malware, random calling has become serious nowadays. To develop the defensive system against random calling and prevent the infiltration of the malware through random calling, it is required to understand the exact process of how to make bots in the botnet. Thus, this research develops a simple and ingenious mobile botnet covert network based on adjustable ID units (SIMBAIDU) to investigate how a botnet network is established by using phone numbers. Perfect octave coding (P8 coding) turns out to be effective in infiltrating smartphones and executing commands, which is used for botnets. The results provide the basic process of P8 coding which is useful for developing defensive systems of smartphones.
Factors Affecting Vagus Nerve Stimulation Outcomes in Epilepsy
Authors: Abbasi Mehdi , Moghtadaie Atie , Miratashi Yazdi Seyed Amir
Published: August 2021

Epilepsy as a common neurological disease is mostly managed effectively with antiepileptic medications. One-third of patients do not respond to medical treatments requiring alternative therapies. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used in the last decades for the treatment of medically resistant epilepsy. Despite the extensive use of VNS in these patients, factors associated with clinical outcomes of VNS remain to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated factors affecting VNS outcomes in epileptic patients to have a better understanding of patients who are better candidates for VNS therapy. Several databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched through June 2020 for relevant articles. The following factors were assessed in this review: previous surgical history, age at implantation and gender, types of epilepsy, duration of epilepsy, age at epilepsy onset, frequency of attacks, antiepileptic drugs, VNS parameters, EEG findings, MRI findings, and biomarkers. Literature data show that nonresponder rates range between 25% and 65%. Given the complexity and diversity of factors associated with response to VNS, more clinical studies are needed to establish better paradigm for selection of patients for VNS therapy.
HuR Plays a Positive Role to Strengthen the Signaling Pathways of CD4+ T Cell Activation and Th17 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Yu Shiguang , Tripod Morgan , Atasoy Ulus , Chen Jing
Published: August 2021

After antigen and/or different cytokine stimulation, CD4+ T cells activated and differentiated into distinct T helper (Th) cells via differential T cell signaling pathways. Transcriptional regulation of the activation and differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into distinct lineage Th cells such as Th17 cells has been fully studied. However, the role of RNA-binding protein HuR in the signaling pathways of their activation and differentiation has not been well characterized. Here, we used HuR conditional knockout (HuR KO) CD4+ T cells to study mechanisms underlying HuR regulation of T cell activation and differentiation through distinct signaling pathways. Our work showed that, mechanistically, HuR positively promoted CD3g expression by binding its mRNA and enhanced the expression of downstream adaptor Zap70 and Malt1 in activated CD4+ T cells. Compared to WT Th0 cells, HuR KO Th0 cells with reduced Bcl-2 expression are much more susceptible to apoptosis than WT Th0 cells. We also found that HuR stabilized IL-6Rα mRNA and promoted IL-6Rα protein expression, thereby upregulating its downstream phosphorylation of Jak1 and Stat3 and increased level of phosphorylation of IκBα to facilitate Th17 cell differentiation. However, knockout of HuR increased IL-22 production in Th17 cells, which was due to HuR deficiency in reducing IL-22 transcription repressor c-Maf expression. These results highlight the importance of HuR in TCR signaling and IL-6/IL-6R axis driving naïve CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation into Th17 cells.
[Retracted] miR‐339‐5p Inhibits Autophagy to Reduce the Resistance of Laryngeal Carcinoma on Cisplatin via Targeting TAK1
Authors: Li Guang , Cheng Zexing
Published: August 2021

Laryngeal carcinoma is a malignant disease with high morbidity and mortality. Several studies have indicated that miRNA dysfunction involves in the development of laryngeal carcinoma. In this study, the connection of miR‐339‐5p and laryngeal carcinoma was investigated, and qRT‐PCR, CCK‐8, and flow cytometry assay were used to observe the function of miR‐339‐5p on laryngeal carcinoma. Besides, the target database, dual‐luciferase reporter assay, and western blot were used to explore the regulation mechanism of miR‐339‐5p on the progression of laryngeal carcinoma. The results showed that miR‐339‐5p was significantly downregulated in cisplatin‐resistant cells of laryngeal carcinoma, and miR‐339‐5p upregulation could weaken the resistance of laryngeal carcinoma cells on cisplatin. Moreover, miR‐339‐5p could directly react with 3 ′‐UTR of TAK1, and TAK1 could reverse the effects of miR‐339‐5p on the progression of autophagy. In conclusion, this study suggests that miR‐339‐5p can inhibit the autophagy to decrease the cisplatin resistance of laryngeal carcinoma via targeting TAK1.
Optimization of the Purifying Process for Columbianetin-β-D-Glucopyranoside from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Evaluation of Its Analgesic Activity Using Hot Plate Test
Authors: Zhang Yaqian , Yang Yuqiao , Shang Ye , Liang Chunxiao , He Jun , Li Jin , Chang Yanxu
Published: August 2021

The objective of this work was to provide an economic and practical method for the purification of columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix extract. In the static adsorption and desorption, the effects of resin type (D101, HP-20, AB-8, GDX-201, and DA201), contact time (10–360 min), and temperature (298–318 K) were assessed on columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside adsorption efficiency in laboratory. GDX-201 resin showed the best adsorption and desorption properties for columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside. The kinetic data revealed that the equilibrium time for columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside adsorption was achieved within 150 min. Moreover, the adsorption kinetic curve was well in accordance with the pseudo-second-order equation (R2 > 0.99). The rate controlling step of the adsorption process was the intraparticle diffusion. The Langmuir isotherm models (R2 > 0.99) could describe the whole adsorption process, which was exothermic and spontaneous according to the result of thermodynamics tests. In the dynamic adsorption and desorption process, the optimum loading flow (4, 5, and 6 BV/h), ethanol concentration (0–60%), and elution volume (10–230 mL) were optimized. Under optimal conditions of 4 BV/h loading flow, 6.7 BV loading volume, 25% ethanol, and 14 BV elution volume, the content of columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside in the product was increased 29.61-fold from 0.45% to 13.32 ± 0.64% with yield of 88.03 ± 2.76% by an experiment of lab-scale enlargement. Then, columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside was further purified by PHPLC and its purity was more than 98%. Additionally, the analgesic activity of the columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside was assessed by hot plate test. The experimental results showed that columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside significantly increased the latency of pain response in mice. This study demonstrated columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside could be as a potentially natural analgesic component. It could be summed up that the established method was successfully applied to purifying columbianetin-β-D-glucopyranoside from Angelicae Pubescentis Radix extract.
Natural Products of Pharmacology and Mechanisms in Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Chen Hai-Wei , Zhang Guang-Zhi , Liu Ming-Qiang , Zhang Li-Juan , Kang Ji-He , Wang Zhao-Heng , Liu Wen-Zhao , Lin Ai-Xin , Kang Xue-Wen
Published: August 2021

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain (LBP), which severely reduces the quality of life and imposes a heavy financial burden on the families of affected individuals. Current research suggests that IDD is a complex cell-mediated process. Inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal mechanical load, telomere shortening, DNA damage, and nutrient deprivation contribute to intervertebral disc cell senescence and changes in matrix metabolism, ultimately causing IDD. Natural products are widespread, structurally diverse, afford unique advantages, and exhibit great potential in terms of IDD treatment. In recent years, increasing numbers of natural ingredients have been shown to inhibit the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells through various modes of action. Here, we review the pharmacological effects of natural products on nucleus pulposus cells and the mechanisms involved. An improved understanding of how natural products target signalling pathways will aid the development of anti-IDD drugs. This review focuses on potential IDD drugs.
Subclone Eradication Analysis Identifies Targets for Enhanced Cancer Therapy and Reveals L1 Retrotransposition as a Dynamic Source of Cancer Heterogeneity
Authors: Ketola Kirsi , Kaljunen Heidi , Taavitsainen Sinja , Kaarijärvi Roosa , Järvelä Emmi , Rodríguez-Martín Bernardo , Haase Kerstin , Woodcock Dan J. , Tubio Jose , Wedge David C. , Nykter Matti , Bova G. Steven
Published: August 2021

Treatment-eradicated cancer subclones have been reported in leukemia and have recently been detected in solid tumors. Here we introduce Differential Subclone Eradication and Resistance (DSER) analysis, a method developed to identify molecular targets for improved therapy by direct comparison of genomic features of eradicated and resistant subclones in pre- and posttreatment samples from a patient with BRCA2-deficient metastatic prostate cancer. FANCI and EYA4 were identified as candidate DNA repair–related targets for converting subclones from resistant to eradicable, and RNAi-mediated depletion of FANCI confirmed it as a potential target. The EYA4 alteration was associated with adjacent L1 transposon insertion during cancer evolution upon treatment, raising questions surrounding the role of therapy in L1 activation. Both carboplatin and enzalutamide turned on L1 transposon machinery in LNCaP and VCaP but not in PC3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines. L1 activation in LNCaP and VCaP was inhibited by the antiretroviral drug azidothymidine. L1 activation was also detected postcastration in LuCaP 77 and LuCaP 105 xenograft models and postchemotherapy in previously published time-series transcriptomic data from SCC25 head and neck cancer cells. In conclusion, DSER provides an informative intermediate step toward effective precision cancer medicine and should be tested in future studies, especially those including dramatic but temporary metastatic tumor regression. L1 transposon activation may be a modifiable source of cancer genomic heterogeneity, suggesting the potential of leveraging newly discovered triggers and blockers of L1 activity to overcome therapy resistance.

Significance:

Differential analysis of eradicated and resistant subclones following cancer treatment identifies that L1 activity associated with resistance is induced by current therapies and blocked by the antiretroviral drug azidothymidine.
Monoallelic IDH1 R132H Mutation Mediates Glioma Cell Response to Anticancer Therapies via Induction of Senescence
Authors: Zhan Daqian , Ma Ding , Wei Shuang , Lal Bachchu , Fu Yi , Eberhart Charles , Laterra John , Ying Mingyao , Li Yunqing , Meeker Alan , Lopez-Bertoni Hernando , Xia Shuli
Published: August 2021

Heterozygous isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) R132H mutation (IDH1R132H/WT) is an early event during gliomagenesis. Clinically, patients with glioma carrying mutant IDH1 respond better to antitumor therapies. However, the mechanism by which IDH1 mutations contribute to gliomagenesis and therapeutic response remains elusive. Here we report that senescence is involved in the improved therapeutic responses of mutant IDH1 glioma cells. Knocking-in IDH1R132H/WT in glioma cells significantly enhanced gliomas cell senescence in response to temozolomide and radiation via a DNA-damage mediated mechanism. We further asked if senescence plays a role in IDH1R132H/WT-induced gliomagenesis. Together with ATRX knockout and p53/RB loss, IDH1R132H/WT transformed nonneoplastic human astroglial cells to form tumors in mouse brains. In-depth characterization revealed that a subset of these precancerous cells underwent senescence-like phenotypic changes, including flat and enlarged-cell morphology, increased senescence marker expression, decreased cell proliferation, and cell-cycle arrest at the G2–M phase. Mechanistic studies indicated that the combination of glioma driver genes (p53/RB/IDH1/ATRX) dramatically increased DNA damage and activated DNAdamage response (DDR) pathways ATR/ATR and Chk1/Chk2 in senescent cells. To determine how senescent cells drive tumor formation, we investigated non–cell-autonomous mechanisms such as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a panel of proinflammatory and tissue-remodeling factors implicated in a tumor-permissive microenvironment. We found that astroglial cells carrying p53/RB/ATRX loss and IDH1R132H/WT upregulated key factors in SASP via an epigenetic-mediated mechanism. Our work suggests that drugs that specifically eliminate senescent cells could help kill precancerous cells and senescent tumor cells following antitumor therapies.

Implications:

The mechanisms by which IDH1 mutations contribute to gliomagenesis and therapeutic responses remain incompletely characterized; this work reveals senescence as a novel mechanism of IDH-mutant–mediated biological impact and describes new therapeutic opportunities concerning IDH1-mutant gliomas.
Weight Loss During Intrauterine Progestin Treatment for Obesity-associated Atypical Hyperplasia and Early-Stage Cancer of The Endometrium
Authors: Barr Chloe E. , Ryan Neil A.J. , Derbyshire A.E. , Wan Y. Louise , MacKintosh Michelle L. , McVey Rhona J. , Bolton James , Fitzgerald Cheryl , Awad Dina , Slade Richard J. , Syed Akheel A. , Ammori Basil J. , Crosbie Emma J.
Published: August 2021

Intrauterine progestin is a treatment option for women with atypical hyperplasia or low-risk endometrial cancer who wish to preserve their fertility, or whose poor surgical fitness precludes safe hysterectomy. We hypothesized that in such women with obesity, weight loss during progestin treatment may improve oncological outcomes. We conducted a prospective nonrandomized study of women with obesity and atypical hyperplasia or low-grade stage 1a endometrial cancer undergoing progestin treatment. Women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 were offered bariatric surgery; those who declined and those with a BMI of 30 to 34.9 kg/m2 were encouraged to lose weight by low-calorie diet. We assessed uptake of bariatric surgery; weight lost during progestin treatment; and the impact of more than 10% total body weight loss on progestin treatment response at 12 months. 71 women [median age 58 years (interquartile range; IQR 35–65); mean BMI 48 kg/m2 (SD 9.3)] completed the study. Twenty-three women (32%) had bariatric surgery, on average 5 months (IQR 3–8) after progestin treatment commenced. Weight change during progestin treatment was −33.4 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) −42.1, −24.7] and −4.6 kg (95% CI −7.8, −1.4) in women receiving bariatric surgery and low-calorie diet, respectively (P < 0.001). Forty-three women (61%) responded to progestin, while 23 (32%) showed stabilized and 5 (7%) progressive disease. Response at 12 months was not predicted by age or baseline BMI, but women who lost more than 10% of their total body weight were more likely to respond to progestin than those who did not (adjusted odds ratio 3.95; 95% CI 1.3, 12.5; P = 0.02). Thus weight loss may improve oncological outcomes in women with obesity-associated endometrial neoplastic abnormalities treated with progestin.

Prevention Relevance:

This study found that weight loss improves response rates in women with obesity and atypical hyperplasia or low-risk endometrial cancer undergoing conservative management with intrauterine progestin. Given the additional benefits of weight loss for fertility, cardiovascular health and quality of life, future research should focus on how best to accomplish it.
When Paranoia Comes with the Treatment: Psychosis Associated with Tacrolimus Use
Authors: Nogueira João Machado , Freire Maria João , Nova Vanessa Vila , Jesus Gustavo
Published: August 2021

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug frequently used in solid organ transplant recipients. This drug has well-documented neuropsychiatric side effects in the literature, although emergence of psychotic symptoms is rare, being only described in a very few case reports. We present a case of a renal transplant recipient with no prior psychiatric history, who developed a severe psychosis secondary to supratherapeutic tacrolimus’ blood concentrations. This case highlights the importance of clinical awareness to rare but severe neuropsychiatric effects due to tacrolimus use.
Person-Centred Dementia Care in an Acute Hospital: Experiences from Nurses Working in a Specialized Dementia Unit
Authors: Cheong Chin Yee , Tay Felicia Hui En , Choo Juliet , Yap Philip Lin Kiat
Published: August 2021

Background: Person-centred care (PCC) is synonymous with best practice in the care of persons with dementia. However, the research focus has been in long-term care settings with less attention in acute hospitals. We aimed to study the perspectives and experiences of nurses implementing PCC in an acute hospital dementia unit (Care for Acute Mentally Infirm Elders [CAMIE]). Method: This was an exploratory qualitative study involving individual, face-to-face, semi-structured in-depth interviews. A purposive sample of 10 nurses participated in the interview. We employed an inductive thematic analysis approach to analyse the qualitative data. Results: The findings highlighted the positive experiences, for example, meaningful connection with patients and the challenges, for example, managing challenging behaviour in providing PCC. The initial challenges were due to a lack of prior knowledge and experience. Through formal and informal learning, the nurses built confidence and competence, and also provided support to one other. They emphasized the importance of teamwork and camaraderie in the CAMIE team but raised concerns about the negative perceptions of non-CAMIE nurses on the value of their work. Conclusion: Despite the challenges, adequate knowledge and robust organizational level support are the key support for nurses to embrace PCC as their care ethos in the acute care setting.
A Novel Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent with an Electrocautery Tip for Different Indications: Initial Experience in a Referral Center
Authors: Mangiavillano Benedetto , Auriemma Francesco , Lamonaca Laura , Repici Alessandro
Published: August 2021

Background and Study Aims: Recently, a new electrocautery lumen-apposing metal stent (EC-LAMS) has been launched. The primary aim of our study was to assess the feasibility of the freehand placement with intra-channel release of the new EC-LAMS. The secondary aims were to assess technical and clinical outcomes and rates of adverse events. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 5 patients (3 F; mean age: 75.6 ± 14.6 years) who underwent new EC-LAMS placement for different indications (cholecystitis, malignant biliary obstruction, and malignant gastric outlet obstruction). We described all the procedures of EC-LAMS placement, providing also a video of one of them (see online suppl. material; for all online suppl. material, see www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000518539). Results: Technical and clinical success was achieved in all patients who underwent new EC-LAMS placement, and no AEs were experienced. All of the EC-LAMS were placed using the freehand technique with intra-channel release. Conclusions: Our initial experience with the new EC-LAMS showed a good performance of this device for different indications, especially if the stents are placed freehand and with intra-channel release. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary data and first impression about this new EC-LAMS.
Analytical Validation and Performance of a 7-Gene Next-Generation Sequencing Panel in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Alsina Katherina M. , Sholl Lauren M. , Covington Kyle R. , Arnal Suzzette M. , Durante Michael A. , Decatur Christina L. , Stone John F. , Oelschlager Kristen M. , Harbour J. William , Monzon Federico A. , Cook Robert W. , Borman Sherri
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Gene expression profiling (GEP) is widely used for prognostication in patients with uveal melanoma (UM). Because biopsy tissue is limited, it is critical to obtain as much genomic information as possible from each sample. Combined application of both GEP and next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows for analysis of RNA and DNA from a single biopsy sample, offers additional prognostic information, and can potentially inform therapy selection. This study evaluated the analytical performance of a targeted custom NGS panel for mutational profiling of 7 genes commonly mutated in UM. Methods: One hundred five primary UM tumors were analyzed, including 37 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and 68 fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens. Sequencing was performed on the Ion GeneStudio S5 platform to an average read depth of >500X per region of interest. Results: The 7-gene panel achieved a positive percent agreement of 100% for detection of both single-nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions, with a technical positive predictive value of 98.8% and 100%, respectively. Intra-assay and inter-assay concordance studies confirmed the assay’s reproducibility and repeatability. Discussion/Conclusion: The 7-gene panel is a robust, highly accurate NGS test that can be successfully performed, along with GEP, from a single small-gauge needle biopsy sample or FFPE specimen.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Undetermined Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Malhotra Konark , Zompola Christina , Theodorou Aikaterini , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Gupta Himanshu , Beshara Simon , Goyal Nitin , Chang Jason , Tayal Ashis H. , Boviatsis Efstathios , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Cordonnier Charlotte , Werring David J. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:

There are scarce data regarding the prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of undetermined (unknown or cryptogenic) etiology. We sought to determine the prevalence, radiological characteristics, and clinical outcomes of undetermined ICH.

Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving patients with spontaneous ICH was conducted to primarily assess the prevalence and clinical-radiological characteristics of undetermined ICH. Additionally, we assessed the rates for ICH secondary to hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the use of (1) etiology-oriented ICH classification, (2) detailed neuroimaging, and (3) Boston criteria among patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy related ICH. We pooled the prevalence rates using random-effects models, and assessed the heterogeneity using Cochran
Q
and
I
2
statistics.

Results:

We identified 24 studies comprising 15 828 spontaneous ICH patients (mean age, 64.8 years; men, 60.8%). The pooled prevalences of hypertensive arteriopathy ICH, undetermined ICH, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy ICH were 50% (95% CI, 43%–58%), 18% (95% CI, 13%–23%), and 12% (95% CI, 7%–17% [
P
<0.001 between subgroups]). The volume of ICH was the largest in cerebral amyloid angiopathy ICH (24.7 [95% CI, 19.7–29.8] mL), followed by hypertensive arteriopathy ICH (16.2 [95% CI, 10.9–21.5] mL) and undetermined ICH (15.4 [95% CI, 6.2–24.5] mL). Among patients with undetermined ICH, the rates of short-term mortality (within 3 months) and concomitant intraventricular hemorrhage were 33% (95% CI, 25%–42%) and 38% (95% CI, 28%–48%), respectively. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a higher rate of undetermined ICH among studies that did not use an etiology-oriented classification (22% [95% CI, 15%–29%]). No difference was observed between studies based on the completion of detailed neuroimaging to assess the rates of undetermined ICH (
P
=0.62).

Conclusions:

The etiology of spontaneous ICH remains unknown or cryptogenic among 1 in 7 patients in studies using etiology-oriented classification and among 1 in 4 patients in studies that avoid using etiology-oriented classification. The short-term mortality in undetermined ICH is high despite the relatively small ICH volume.
Embodied Becoming – Student Teachers’ Reflections on Their Filmed Teaching
Authors: Cronqvist Marita
Published: August 2021

This study examines student teachers’ reflections on recordings of their teaching during a period of internship related to a subject didactic course in Swedish. Bodily expressions, not as frequently explored as verbal ones, are in focus. Data consists of video papers, multimedia documents, combining clips of video recordings and reflective texts on the clips. The purpose is to gain knowledge about student teachers’ reflections on and learning of bodily expressions in teaching, using video papers. The analysis of the video papers is descriptive phenomenological, searching for the meanings of the phenomenon. The findings indicate that video papers contribute to student teachers’ reflections and learning about bodily expressions in terms of how they move in front of students, what impressions their bodies convey, how they manage to make contact and how they use their voices. Video papers complement the memory image and through recordings, bodily expressions get attention and are verbalized.
Morphology of Australoneis gen. nov. and A. frenguelliae comb. nov. (Achnanthales, Bacillariophyta) from the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: GUERRERO JOSÉ M. , RIAUX-GOBIN CATHERINE , DEBANDI JUAN I. , ZACHER KATHARINA , QUARTINO MARIA LILIANA , CAMPANA GABRIELA L.
Published: August 2021

Based on marine benthic diatoms collected at Potter Cove (Western Antarctic Peninsula), we present a detailed study, using both light and electron microscopy, of the morphology of Campyloneis frenguelliae, a species recently transferred from Cocconeis. Ultrastructural observations revealed a combination of new and unusual features within the Achnanthales: a raphe valve with different areolation patterns, a hollow valvocopula with no apparent fimbriae, and a sternum valve externally ornamented by an embossed structure, areolae occluded by hymenes mostly supported by one short peg, and multiple marginal pores that open internally into shallow valve depressions. In view of these unique set of features, we describe Australoneis gen. nov. to include Australoneis frenguelliae comb. nov. and designate a sample from Potter Cove as epitype of the latter. The main characteristics of the new genus are compared to those of its closely allied Cocconeis, Campyloneis, Xenococconeis and Amphicocconeis.
Tersilochinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Papua New Guinea: genus Diaparsis Förster, part 2 . Species with notaulus
Authors: KHALAIM ANDREY I. , VILLEMANT CLAIRE
Published: August 2021

This second paper on the species of Diaparsis Förster occurring in Papua New Guinea comprises descriptions of ten new species and the second part of the key to the species. The following species are described as new to science: D. alpha sp. nov., D. beta sp. nov., D. delta sp. nov., D. epsilon sp. nov., D. eta sp. nov., D. gamma sp. nov., D. iota sp. nov., D. kappa sp. nov., D. theta sp. nov. and D. zeta sp. nov., raising the total number of currently known Diaparsis species in Papua New Guinea to nineteen.
Two new species of Paraxantia Liu & Kang (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae; Vosiini) from Eastern Himalayas
Authors: WU CHAO , LIU CHUN-XIANG
Published: August 2021

The genus Paraxantia Liu & Kang, 2009 hitherto included 8 species from China. Herein we describe two new species: P. rubripes sp. nov. from ES-Tibet and P. kaquewa sp. nov. from WN-Yunnan. A female of Paraxantia is described for the first time. The differences separating Paraxantia and Xantia are redefined. Illustrations and habitus images are provided. The distribution of Paraxantia species in China is discussed and mapped. The types are deposited in Insect Collection of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS).
Pennathrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new panchaetothripine genus from New Caledonia
Authors: GOLDARAZENA ARTURO , MICHEL BRUNO , MOUND LAURENCE
Published: August 2021

The Pacific island of New Caledonia is located about 1500km East of Australia just north of the Tropic of Capricorn. It has a rich endemic flora involving more than 5000 plant species (Endemia.nc 2021; Guillaumin 1948), but the only account of the Thysanoptera fauna apart from some new species descriptions is a check-list of 44 genera and 68 species (Bournier & Mound 2000). Here we describe a new monotypic genus of Panchaetothripinae that has been collected twice in New Caledonia, in 1992 and 2012, but without any information on possible host associations. This genus shares character states with a monobasic genus from New Zealand, but more particularly with a genus of four species endemic to Australia. The Thripidae fauna of New Zealand appears to be well-studied (Mound et al. 2017), with only one or two undescribed species known in collections. The Australian Thysanoptera fauna has also been studied extensively in the past 20 years (Mound & Tree 2020), and few undescribed species of Thripidae are known. In contrast, the Thysanoptera fauna of New Caledonia appears to be largely unexplored, and description here of this new genus serves to emphasize the uniqueness of this fauna. Photographs of the habitus and morphological characters were taken on the technical platform at CBGP (Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations) using a KEYENCE® VHX-5000 digital microscope and a Leica DM5500, and at CSIRO, Canberra using a Leica DM2500 with Nomarski illumination.
Somali Immigrant Mothers’ Experiences of School Engagement: Implications for School Leaders
Authors: Abdi Nimo M.
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This critical phenomenology study examines the experiences of Somali mothers’ involvement with an urban school in London, United Kingdom. Specifically, the study explores Somali mothers’ experiences and responses in navigating the coloniality of gender discourses imbedded in school structure and culture. The research questions that guided the study concerned the gender-based tools that Somali mothers use to navigate the school structure and culture and how school leaders can recognize and tap into parental knowledge and ways of being to serve these communities. Methods: This study is based on the stories of five Somali immigrant mothers. Data collection included focus groups, field memos, site observations, and school archival data. Data were analyzed through hermeneutic interpretation of whole-part-whole. Findings: Somali mothers use three important elements—identity, resistance, and traditions—to respond to coloniality of gender in school as they negotiate tensions between the Somali conception of motherhood and western notions of gender. The findings emphasize the practices rooted in Indigenous Somali culture and gender roles as assets. Implications: This research argues that the matripotent leadership practices of Somali mothers can inform theory, practice, and policy, as these practices offer a more collective and humanizing approach to leadership centered in ideals connected to a non-Western conception of motherhood, gender, and gender dynamics.