bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi of 5 to 10 mm in size: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jia‐Kun , Qiu Shi , Jin Kun , Zheng Xiao‐Nan , Tu Xiang , Bi Si‐Wei , Liao Xin‐Yang , Bao Yi‐Ge , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang
Published: March 2019

To evaluate the Efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors as a medical therapy for distal ureteral calculi by means of a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA). We searched the Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published before May, 2017. Stone passage rate as the primary outcome. We used random effects model for pairwise meta‐analyses and Bayesian random effects model for NMA. We evaluated the quality of evidence by the GRADE framework for each network estimate. Five RCTs (861 patients) comparing four different interventions. The results of NMA showed that compared with tamsulosin alone, tamsulosin combined with tadalafil group was associated with significantly higher stone passage rate (odds radio [OR] 2.55, 95% credible intervals [Crl] 1.11 to 5.89). When considering stone expulsion rate, compared with tamsulosin, silodosin was ranked best (OR 3.58, 95% Crl 1.13 to 11.91), followed by tamsulosin combined with tadalafil (OR 2.55, 95% Crl 1.11 to 5.89) and tadalafil alone (OR 1.86, 95% Crl 0.95 to 4.25). No significant difference was found considering safety profiles between any interventions. This meta‐analysis indicates that tamsulosin combined with tadalafil is an effective treatment option for ureteral stones with a low occurrence of side effects. Clinicians should take all known safety and compliance of patients into account when choosing an optimal strategy. Since sample size of included studies, further RCTs are strongly encouraged to address the clinical question.
Nitroxoline induces cell apoptosis by inducing MDM2 degradation in small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Yu Jin‐Guo , Ji Cheng‐Hong , Shi Min‐Hua
Published: March 2019

The proto‐oncogene MDM2 is a nuclear‐localized E3 ubiquitin ligase, which promotes tumor formation by targeting tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, for proteasomal degradation. In this study, the anti‐infective drug nitroxoline (NXQ) was screened out to effectively inhibit cell survival of small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells, and induce SCLC cell apoptosis by suppressing antiapoptotic proteins (such as Bcl‐2 and MCL1) and upregulating proapoptotic protein Bim. In the mechanistic study, NXQ was found to downregulate MDM2 expression by inducing its proteasomal degradation, and thus upregulated p53 expression, which was a substrate protein of MDM2. Moreover, overexpression of MDM2 decreased the cytotoxicity of NXQ on SCLC cells. These results demonstrated that NXQ displayed anti‐SCLC activity by suppressing MDM2 expression, which suggested that anti‐infective NXQ had potential for SCLC treatment by targeting the MDM2/p53 axis.
IGNITE network: Response of patients to genomic medicine interventions
Authors: Orlando Lori A. , Voils Corrine , Horowitz Carol R. , Myers Rachel A. , Arwood Meghan J. , Cicali Emily J. , McDonough Caitrin W. , Pollin Toni I. , Guan Yue , Levy Kenneth D. , Ramirez Andrea , Quittner Alexandra , Madden Ebony B.
Published: March 2019

Background

The IGNITE network funds six genomic medicine projects. Though interventions varied, we hypothesized that synergies across projects could be leveraged to better understand the participant experiences with genomic medicine interventions. Therefore, we performed cross‐network analyses to identify associations between participant demographics and attitudes toward the intervention (attitude), plan to share results (share), and quality of life (QOL).

Methods

Data collection for demographics, attitude, share, and QOL surveys were standardized across projects. Recruitment and survey administration varied by each project's protocol.

Results

Participants (N = 6,817) were 67.2% (N = 4,584) female, and 37.4% (N = 3,544) were minority. Mean age = 54.0 (sd 14.a). Younger participants were as follows: (1) more positive in attitude pre‐intervention (1.15‐fold decrease/10‐year age increase (OR)) and more negative after (1.14‐fold increase OR); (2) higher in QOL pre‐intervention (1.07‐fold increase OR) and postintervention; (3) more likely to share results (1.12‐fold increase OR). Race was significant when sharing results (white participants increased OR = 1.88), but not for change in QOL pre–postintervention or attitude.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and identified a few key themes which are as follows: age was consistently significant across the three outcomes, whereas race had less of an impact than expected. However, these are only associations and thus warrant further study.
Block‐centered upwind multistep difference method and convergence analysis for numerical simulation of oil reservoir
Authors: Yuan Yirang , Song Huailing , Li Changfeng , Sun Tongjun
Published: March 2019

The three‐dimensional displacement of two‐phase flow in porous media is a preliminary problem of numerical simulation of energy science and mathematics. The mathematical model is formulated by a nonlinear system of partial differential equations to describe incompressible miscible case. The pressure is defined by an elliptic equation, and the concentration is defined by a convection‐dominated diffusion equation. The pressure generates Darcy velocity and controls the dynamic change of concentration. We adopt a conservative block‐centered scheme to approximate the pressure and Darcy velocity, and the accuracy of Darcy velocity is improved one order. We use a block‐centered upwind multistep method to solve the concentration, where the time derivative is approximated by multistep method, and the diffusion term and convection term are treated by a block‐centered scheme and an upwind scheme, respectively. The composite algorithm is effective to solve such a convection‐dominated problem, since numerical oscillation and dispersion are avoided and computational accuracy is improved. Block‐centered method is conservative, and the concentration and the adjoint function are computed simultaneously. This physical nature is important in numerical simulation of seepage fluid. Using the convergence theory and techniques of priori estimates, we derive optimal estimate error. Numerical experiments and data show the support and consistency of theoretical result. The argument in the present paper shows a powerful tool to solve the well‐known model problem.
A new drilling quadrilateral membrane element with high coarse‐mesh accuracy using a modified Hu‐Washizu principle
Authors: Chang T. L. , Lee C.‐L. , Carr A. J. , Dhakal R. P. , Pampanin S.
Published: March 2019

By utilizing a modified Hu‐Washizu principle, a new mixed variational framework and a corresponding high‐performing four‐node membrane element with drilling degrees of freedom, named as GCMQ element, are proposed. In this work, the generalized conforming concept, which is originally proposed within a displacement‐based formulation, is extended to a mixed formulation. The new element is able to handle higher‐order displacement, strain, and stress distributions. The interpolations are complete up to second order for stress and strain. The enhanced strain field is optimized so that a complete cubic displacement field can be represented. For numerical integration, a five‐point scheme is proposed to minimize computational cost. Compared to other four‐node elements in existing literature, numerical examples show that the proposed element has a better performance regarding predictions of both displacements and internal forces, particularly with coarse meshes. The new element is also free from shear locking and volumetric locking. Due to the nature of the mixed framework, GCMQ can be directly used in elastoplastic applications.
Incorporating physical activity‐based interventions in school psychology research and practice: A systematic review
Authors: Greenspan Scott B. , Fefer Sarah A. , Whitcomb Sara A. , Kemp Jessica M.
Published: March 2019

Physical activity provides a myriad of well‐documented social‐emotional, behavioral, and academic benefits for youth. While research suggests that physical activity should be integrated within the school day to support the well‐being of students, an understanding of related empirical work within school psychology research and practice is unclear. School psychologists are well positioned to systematically incorporate physical activity within their intervention practices, particularly given their role and expertise in implementing and evaluating interventions. Authors engaged in a systematic review of 20 years (1998–2018) of physical activity intervention research within 10 peer‐reviewed school psychology journals and six school psychology‐related journals. Authors analyzed 22 studies to glean a comprehensive understanding of the literature base and highlight the ways in which physical activity can be incorporated to support school and student outcomes. Suggestions for research and practice in school psychology are discussed in light of the examined literature.
A study of the aromaticity and ring currents of azaacepentalenes
Authors: Lu Fang , Kerim Ablikim
Published: March 2019

Using the topological resonance energy (TRE) method, a computational study has been carried out on the aromaticity of an acepentalene (cyclopenta[cd]pentalene) molecule upon the replacement at different positions of some of its carbon atoms by two pyrrole‐like nitrogen atom isomers and by one or more pyridine‐like nitrogen atom isomers. The relative aromaticity of the isomers was explained by the topological charge stabilization rule. Each of the resultant azaacepentalene isomers shows lower aromaticity relative to the acepentalene dianion. We found that the magnitudes of the global aromaticity of these azaacepentalenes are solely determined by the position of the two substituted pyrrole‐like nitrogen atoms. Bond resonance energy (BRE) and circuit resonance energy (CRE) indices were used to evaluate the local aromaticity of each of the distinct azaacepentalenes. Our BRE and CRE results show that all of these compounds are primarily stabilized by the 6π electron conjugated system. Our global and local aromaticity results are compared with the other aromaticity indices as reported in the literature. Regarding the order of aromaticity, some discrepancies were found between the magnetic and energic criteria for aromaticity. The ring current (RC) analyses were made using the Hückel‐London model. The RC results revealed that all of the compounds were diatropic, and the quantitative differences in their degrees of diatropicity were quite consistent with the experimental data on 1H NMR chemical shifts.
Giant lung cysts following necrotizing pneumonia: Resolution with conservative treatment
Authors: Gross Itai , Gordon Oren , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena , Reiter Joel , Tsabari Reuven , Gileles‐Hillel Alex , Erlichman Ira , Hevroni Avigdor , Shoseyov David , Kerem Eitan
Published: March 2019

Rationale

Necrotizing pneumonia is characterized by destruction and liquefaction of the lung tissue and loss of the normal pulmonary parenchymal architecture. During the course of resolution areas of hyperlucency are formed, sometimes with the development of giant lung cysts that can be a field with fluid resembling lung abscess. There is no consensus on the management of these abnormalities.

Objective

To assess the prevalence of giant lung cysts as a complication of necrotizing pneumonia and to report our experience with conservative treatment that achieved complete resolution.

Methods

Medical chart reviews of all children aged 0 to 18 years hospitalized with necrotizing pneumonia in a single tertiary center from 2015 to 2017, demographic data, and clinical course during and after hospitalization as well as serial chest imaging were collected.

Results

During the study period, 761 children were diagnosed with community‐acquired pneumonia, 16 of 761 (2.3%) had necrotizing pneumonia and 6 of 16 (37.5%) with necrotizing pneumonia complicated by a giant lung cyst or lung abscess. All were closely observed and showed complete clinical and radiographic resolution with antibiotic treatment.

Conclusions

Treatment of giant lung cyst formation following necrotizing pneumonia by a conservative approach with prolonged antibiotics results in complete recovery with no need for invasive procedures.
X‐Ray Phase Contrast Imaging of the Impact of a Single HMX Particle in a Polymeric Matrix
Authors: Kerschen Nicholas E. , Sorensen Christian J. , Guo Zherui , Mares Jesus O. , Fezzaa Kamel , Sun Tao , Son Steven F. , Chen Weinong W.
Published: March 2019

A complete understanding of the mechanisms by which high explosives (HEs) are shock initiated, especially at the particle scale, is still in demand. One approach to explain shock initiation phenomenon is hot spot theory, which suggests that distributed energy in energetic material is localized due to shock or impact to generate the high temperatures for ignition. This study focuses on the impact response of a HE polycrystalline particle, specifically HMX, in a polymer matrix. This represents a simplified analog of a traditional polymer‐bonded explosive (PBX) formulation. A light gas gun, together with high‐speed x‐ray phase contrast imaging (PCI), was used to study the impact response of a single particle of production‐grade HMX in a Sylgard‐184® matrix. The high‐speed x‐ray PCI allows for real‐time visualization of HE particle behavior. The experiments revealed that, at impact velocities of ∼200 m s−1, the energetic particle was cracked and crushed. When the impact velocity was increased to 445 m s−1, a significant volume expansion of the particle was observed. This volume expansion is considered to be the result of chemical reaction within the HE particle.
Black‐Hole Evolution from Stellar Collapse
Authors: Emelyanov Viacheslav A.
Published: March 2019

We present a local approach towards black‐hole evaporation, which relies on the absence of quantum phase transition across the stellar surface. We show that this approach augmented with Bekenstein's black‐hole entropy gives the Hawking effect if the null energy condition is violated in the initial quantum‐field vacuum. If otherwise, an astrophysical black hole may then be expanding, that corresponds to the anti‐Hawking effect, i.e. a positive‐energy radiation flows into the black hole, taking its origin far away from the event horizon. This quantum process is reverse to the Hawking effect, as the latter is described by a negative‐energy influx nearby the horizon, which goes over to a positive‐energy outflux in the far‐horizon region. We also provide examples of quantum vacua well‐known in the literature, which give rise to both quantum effects from stellar collapse.
Chromosome Transplantation: Correction of the Chronic Granulomatous Disease Defect in Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Castelli Alessandra , Susani Lucia , Menale Ciro , Muggeo Sharon , Caldana Elena , Strina Dario , Cassani Barbara , Recordati Camilla , Scanziani Eugenio , Ficara Francesca , Villa Anna , Vezzoni Paolo , Paulis Marianna
Published: March 2019

In spite of the progress in gene editing achieved in recent years, a subset of genetic diseases involving structural chromosome abnormalities, including aneuploidies, large deletions and complex rearrangements, cannot be treated with conventional gene therapy approaches. We have previously devised a strategy, dubbed chromosome transplantation (CT), to replace an endogenous mutated chromosome with an exogenous normal one. To establish a proof of principle for our approach, we chose as disease model the chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an X-linked severe immunodeficiency due to abnormalities in CYBB (GP91) gene, including large genomic deletions. We corrected the gene defect by CT in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a CGD male mouse model. The Hprt gene of the endogenous X chromosome was inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology thus allowing the exploitation of the hypoxanthine–aminopterin–thymidine selection system to introduce a normal donor X chromosome by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. X-transplanted clones were obtained, and diploid XY clones which spontaneously lost the endogenous X chromosome were isolated. These cells were differentiated toward the myeloid lineage, and functional granulocytes producing GP91 protein were obtained. We propose the CT approach to correct iPSCs from patients affected by other X-linked diseases with large deletions, whose treatment is still unsatisfactory. Stem Cells  2019;37:876–887
Microscopic Elucidation of Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Film Formation via Atomistic Reaction Simulations: Importance of Functional Groups of Electrolyte and Intact Additive Molecules
Authors: Takenaka Norio , Nagaoka Masataka
Published: March 2019

Secondary batteries such as Li‐ion battery are expected to be utilized as not only ubiquitous electric power sources such as mobile phones but also large‐scale electricity storage devices. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the higher performance secondary batteries. Their lifetime and stability are found to be strongly dependent on the nature of passivation film called solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formed on the anode surface in the initial charge‐discharge cycle. However, since it is difficult to directly observe the film formation processes in experiment, its microscopic mechanism is still not found. On the other hand, although the theoretical methods are useful complement to the experiment, some new methodologies are necessary to understand the long‐term processes of SEI film, which is produced as a result of that a lot of chemical reactions proceed simultaneously. Under the circumstances, we have developed Red Moon method that can simulate such complex chemical reaction systems, and were able to analyze for the first time the SEI film formation processes on the anode surface at the atomistic level. Then, we clarified theoretically the microscopic mechanism of the additive effect which is essential to improve the Na‐ion battery performance so as to enhance the SEI film formation. This new microscopic insight must provide an important guiding principle for use in designing the most suitable electrolytes for developing high‐performance secondary batteries.
Twin conformal field theories
Authors: Borsten L. , Duff M. J. , Marrani A.
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Supersymmetric theories with the same bosonic content but different fermions, aka twins, were thought to exist only for supergravity. Here we show that pairs of super conformal field theories, for example exotic

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 3 and

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 theories in D = 4 space-time dimensions, can also be twin. We provide evidence from three different perspectives: (i) a twin S-fold construction, (ii) a double-copy argument and (iii) by identifying candidate twin holographically dual gauged supergravity theories. Furthermore, twin W-supergravity theories then follow by applying the double-copy prescription to exotic super conformal field theories.
The Recovery Narrative: Politics and Possibilities of a Genre
Authors: Woods Angela , Hart Akiko , Spandler Helen
Published: March 2019

Recovery is now widely acknowledged as the dominant approach to the management of mental distress and illness in government, third-sector and some peer-support contexts across the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the Anglophone Global North. Although narrative has long been recognised in practice and in policy as a key “technology of recovery,” there has been little critical investigation of how recovery narratives are constituted and mobilised, and with what consequences. This paper offers an interdisciplinary, critical medical humanities analysis of the politics and possibilities of Recovery Narrative, drawing literary theoretical concepts of genre and philosophical approaches to the narrative self into conversation with the critiques of recovery advanced by survivor-researchers, sociologists and mad studies scholars. Our focus is not on the specific stories of individuals, but on the form, function and effects of Recovery Narrative as a highly circumscribed kind of storytelling. We identify the assumptions, lacunae and areas of tension which compel a more critical approach to the way this genre is operationalised in and beyond mental health services, and conclude by reflecting on the possibilities offered by other communicative formats, spaces and practices.
Futurizing politics and the sustainability of real-world experiments: what role for innovation and exnovation in the German energy transition?
Authors: David Martin , Gross Matthias
Published: March 2019

The German energy transition towards more sustainable forms of energy production has been characterized as a large-scale or real-world experiment. Whereas experiments are open-ended processes set up explicitly to allow (or even generate) surprises, by contrast sustainability implies the pursuit of clearly defined, normative ends. Whereas much of the literature on system transformation builds on the concept of innovation, our hypothesis is that focusing on the “natural” flipside of innovation—called here “exnovation,” i.e., departing from unsustainable pathways—should also be seen as a valuable conceptual strategy for coping with the tension between the unavoidable indeterminacy resulting from unknown risks and the necessary amendment and redefinition of goals and rules. In this paper the German energy transition (Energiewende) is used to exemplify the recursive processes of experimentation that make it possible to accommodate surprise, and, thus, to conceptualize the unavoidable tension between innovation and the maintenance of older, unsustainable structures.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Sirenomelia: Cluster of Three Cases
Authors: Gowda Mamatha , Sharma Jyotsna , Thiagarajan Monica , Thanigasalam Vasanthan , Bharathi Deepak , Ramesh Devika
Published: March 2019

Sirenomelia is an extremely rare anomaly characterised by varying degrees of fusion of lower limbs. Anomalies involving uro-genital tract, colo-rectal atresia and vertebral defects are often associated. Prognosis largely depends upon concomitant visceral malformations as well as the degree of fusion defect. Classical sirenomelia is incompatible with life although there are few report of survivors. Prenatal diagnosis, though possible, is difficult to make due to associated anhydramnios and anomalies. Ultrasound is the main diagnostic modality with fetal MRI playing a complementary role. We describe three cases of fetal sirenomelia that presented within a span of 1 year and propose possible vascular insult as the cause.
A controlled trial of Gomco versus Plastibell for neonatal circumcisions in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bawazir Osama A.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Gomco or Plastibell devices are the most widely used method for circumcision. The present work was aimed to assess the incidence of complications in infants of ages up to six months in two used methods.

Methods:

It was a prospective randomized study conducted at a pediatric surgery clinic in 3 hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Eight hundred and five children, their ages were less than 6 months were enrolled for the present work. Children were randomized into two groups: Groups P and G using Plastibell and Gomco Circumcision methods, respectively. Statistical analysis of data was performed by using SPSS Version 17. Chi-square test and independent sample t-test was applied to compare both qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. P-value was considered as significant difference at <0.05.

Results:

Seven hundred eighty three children were were enrolled in this investigation. Plastibell method was concomitant with low volume of bleeding in comparison with Gomco method (P < 0.001). Incidence of complications including infection, penile edema, proximal migration and redundant skin was higher in Plastibell device method (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Gomco circumcision is the safer method and is accompanied with lowest rate of complication.
OBSTRUCTIONS TO ALGEBRAIZING TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR BUNDLES
Authors: ASOK A. , FASEL J. , HOPKINS M. J.
Published: March 2019

Suppose $X$ is a smooth complex algebraic variety. A necessary condition for a complex topological vector bundle on $X$ (viewed as a complex manifold) to be algebraic is that all Chern classes must be algebraic cohomology classes, that is, lie in the image of the cycle class map. We analyze the question of whether algebraicity of Chern classes is sufficient to guarantee algebraizability of complex topological vector bundles. For affine varieties of dimension ${\leqslant}3$, it is known that algebraicity of Chern classes of a vector bundle guarantees algebraizability of the vector bundle. In contrast, we show in dimension ${\geqslant}4$ that algebraicity of Chern classes is insufficient to guarantee algebraizability of vector bundles. To do this, we construct a new obstruction to algebraizability using Steenrod operations on Chow groups. By means of an explicit example, we observe that our obstruction is nontrivial in general.
Antimicrobial resistance patterns in urinary E. coli isolates after a change in a single center’s guidelines for uncomplicated cystitis in ambulatory settings
Authors: Ryan Patrick P. , Knepper Bryan C. , Everhart Rachel M. , Price Connie S.
Published: March 2019

Recommending nitrofurantoin to treat uncomplicated cystitis was associated with increased nitrofurantoin use from 3.53 to 4.01 prescriptions per 1,000 outpatient visits, but nitrofurantoin resistance in E. coli isolates remained stable at 2%. Concomitant levofloxacin resistance was a significant risk for nitrofurantoin resistance in E. coli isolates (odds ratio [OR], 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–7.17).
Numerical analysis of flow-induced rotation of an S-shaped rotor
Authors: Ueda Y.
Published: March 2019

Flow-induced rotation of an S-shaped rotor is investigated using an adaptive numerical scheme based on a vortex particle method. The boundary integral equation with respect to Bernoulli’s function is solved using a panel method for obtaining the pressure distribution on the rotor surface which applies the torque to the rotor. The present work first addresses the validation of the scheme against the previous studies of a rotating circular cylinder. Then, we compute the automatic rotation start of an S-shaped rotor from a quiescent state for various values of the moment of inertia. The computed flow patterns where the rotor supplies (or is supplied with) the torque to (or from) the fluid are shown during one cycle of rotation. The vortex shedding from the tip of the advancing bucket is found to play a key role in generating positive torque on the rotor. A remarkable finding is the fact that, after the rotor reaches a stable rotation, the trajectory of the limit cycle in the present autonomous system accounts for the stable rotating movement of the rotor. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic scenario of the rotor automatically starting up from a quiescent state and entering the limit cycle is elucidated for various values of the moment of inertia and the initial angle of the rotor.
ABORTION IN NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS: REFLECTIONS FROM THE UK SUPREME COURT
Authors: Ní Ghráinne Bríd , McMahon Aisling
Published: March 2019

On 7 June 2018, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (UKSCt) issued its decision on, inter alia, whether Northern Ireland's near-total abortion ban was compatible with the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). This article critically assesses the UKSC's treatment of international law in this case. It argues that the UKSCt was justified in finding that Northern Ireland's ban on abortion in cases of rape, incest, and FFA was a violation of Article 8, but that the majority erred in its assessment of Article 3 ECHR and of the relevance of international law more generally.
Application of non-linear mixed models for modelling the quail growth curve for meat and laying
Authors: Santos H. B. , Vieira D. A. , Souza L. P. , Santos A. L. , Santos F. R. , Araujo Neto F. R.
Published: March 2019

The objective of the current paper was to apply mixed models to adjust the growth curve of quail lines for meat and laying hens and present the rates of instantaneous, relative and absolute growth. A database was used with birth weight records up to the 148th day of female quail of the lines for meat and posture. The models evaluated were Brody, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic and Gompertz and the types of residues were constant, combined, proportional and exponential. The Gompertz model with the combined residue presented the best fit. Both strains present a high correlation between the parameters asymptotic weight (A) and average growth rate (k). The two strains presented a different growth profile. However, growth rates allow greater discernment of growth profiles. The meat line presented a higher growth rate (6.95 g/day) than the lineage for laying (3.65 g/day). The relative growth rate was higher for lineage for laying (0.15%) in relation to the lineage for meat (0.13%). The inflection point of both lines is on the first third of the growth curve (up to 15 days). All results suggest that changes in management or nutrition could optimize quail production.
‘I will never be old’: adults with Down syndrome and their parents talk about ageing-related challenges
Authors: Finkelstein Adi , Tenenbaum Ariel , Bachner Yaacov G.
Published: March 2019

The life expectancy of people with Down syndrome (DS) has increased significantly over the last few decades. Consequently, they and their families face new ageing-related challenges, the first signs of which appear in people with DS around the age of 30. The goal of this study was to explore the perceptions of adults with DS regarding their own and their parents’ ageing and end of life, and to examine the views and concerns of the parents regarding the ageing of their children with DS. The unique approach used in our study was to convene not only the ageing people with DS but also their parents, to discuss the subject together. A total of 33 people with DS participated in the study. Most of them were interviewed with one or two parents. Participants with DS found it difficult to talk about their own old age and addressed the issue mainly through the decline in the functioning of an older person they knew. The parents emphasised the changes needed in terms of the official regulations, so as to ensure that their children with DS age with dignity and quality of life. Our study identifies the increasingly pressing need to prepare adults with DS for their own and their parents’ ageing and end of life in a timely manner.
Mood and neural responses to social rejection do not seem to be altered in resilient adolescents with a history of adversity
Authors: Fritz Jessica , Stretton Jason , Askelund Adrian Dahl , Schweizer Susanne , Walsh Nicholas D. , Elzinga Bernet M. , Goodyer Ian M. , Wilkinson Paul O. , van Harmelen Anne-Laura
Published: March 2019

Childhood adversity (CA) increases the risk of subsequent mental health problems. Adolescent social support (from family and/or friends) reduces the risk of mental health problems after CA. However, the mechanisms of this effect remain unclear, and we speculate that they are manifested on neurodevelopmental levels. Therefore, we investigated whether family and/or friendship support at ages 14 and 17 function as intermediate variables for the relationship between CA before age 11 and affective or neural responses to social rejection feedback at age 18. We studied 55 adolescents with normative mental health at age 18 (26 with CA and therefore considered “resilient”), from a longitudinal cohort. Participants underwent a Social Feedback Task in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Social rejection feedback activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the left anterior insula. CA did not predict affective or neural responses to social rejection at age 18. Yet, CA predicted better friendships at age 14 and age 18, when adolescents with and without CA had comparable mood levels. Thus, adolescents with CA and normative mood levels have more adolescent friendship support and seem to have normal mood and neural responses to social rejection.
Fibromyalgia and dissociative symptoms
Authors: Duarte Juan Manuel , Crow Catherine , Antik Ariel , Appiani Francisco , Caride Alejandro
Published: March 2019

Background

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome with a controversial etiopathogenesis. Patients with FM usually complain of cognitive symptoms, which are described as “fibrofog.” These cognitive complaints might be caused partially by dissociative disorders (DD). The aim of this research is to determine the association between FM and DD.

Methods

The authors conducted a case-control study for this purpose, integrated by 3 groups: control (C), patients with rheumatic disorders (R), and patients with FM (FM), who were compared through the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES).

The findings are as follows: 42% were taking medications in the FM group, and their differences in scores with those who were not under medications were then considered. In terms of the results, the FM group showed higher scores than both C and R groups (p < 0.05). Patients with FM who were taking antidepressants had lower scores than those who were not (Z-score –8.03; p < 0.05); and finally, 5.71% had a score over 30 (χ2 = 3.73, p = 0.15).

Conclusion

Patients with FM had higher scores, which might be related to the association of dissociative experiences, lifetime trauma, and victimization. Antidepressants might have some role on dissociative symptoms as well.
Predictors of depression relapse and recurrence after cognitive behavioural therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wojnarowski Caroline , Firth Nick , Finegan Megan , Delgadillo Jaime
Published: March 2019

Background:

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective psychological treatment for major depressive disorder, although some patients experience a return of symptoms after finishing therapy. The ability to predict which individuals are more vulnerable to deterioration would allow for targeted interventions to prevent short-term relapse and longer-term recurrence.

Aim:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of relapse and/or recurrence (RR) after CBT for depression.

Method:

We reviewed 13 relevant papers, of which a small set of unique samples were eligible for meta-analysis (k= 5,N= 369). Twenty-six predictor variables were identified and grouped into seven categories: residual depressive symptoms; prior episodes of depression; cognitive reactivity; stressful life events; personality factors; clinical and diagnostic factors; demographics.

Results:

Meta-analyses indicated that residual depressive symptoms (r= 0.34 [0.10, 0.54],p= .01) and prior episodes (r= 0.19 [0.07, 0.30],p= .002) were statistically significant predictors of RR, but cognitive reactivity was not (r= 0.18 [−0.02, 0.36],p= .08). Other variables lacked replicated findings. On average, 33.4% of patients experienced RR after CBT.

Conclusions:

Patients with the above risk factors could be offered evidence-based continuation-phase interventions to enhance the longer-term effectiveness of CBT.
DSeg: A Dynamic Image Segmentation Program to Extract Backbone Patterns for Filamentous Bacteria and Hyphae Structures
Authors: Zhang Hanqing , Söderholm Niklas , Sandblad Linda , Wiklund Krister , Andersson Magnus
Published: March 2019

Analysis of numerous filamentous structures in an image is often limited by the ability of algorithms to accurately segment complex structures or structures within a dense population. It is even more problematic if these structures continuously grow when recording a time-series of images. To overcome these issues we present DSeg; an image analysis program designed to process time-series image data, as well as single images, to segment filamentous structures. The program includes a robust binary level-set algorithm modified to use size constraints, edge intensity, and past information. We verify our algorithms using synthetic data, differential interference contrast images of filamentous prokaryotes, and transmission electron microscopy images of bacterial adhesion fimbriae. DSeg includes automatic segmentation, tools for analysis, and drift correction, and outputs statistical data such as persistence length, growth rate, and growth direction. The program is available atSourceforge.
Subsidies and Investment Promotion Reaching New Heights in the Aviation Sector: The US–Tax Incentives Dispute
Authors: BUZARD KRISTY , DELIMATSIS PANAGIOTIS
Published: March 2019

This paper analyzes the most recent WTO Appellate Body (AB) report in a series of disputes between the US and the EU over government support to aircraft manufacturers Boeing and Airbus. The measures under dispute in US–Tax Incentives were investment promotion subsidies provided to Boeing by the State of Washington. The EU contended that the Washington State subsidies, which were conditioned on Boeing locating production of specific parts of its new 777X program within the state, were prohibited import substitution subsidies. The AB took this case as an opportunity to consolidate WTO case-law on import substitution subsidies. It confirmed a single legal standard for export promotion and import substitution subsidies but with a stricter requirement for a finding of a violation in the case of import substitution subsidies. We argue that the AB, in allowing the subsidies to Boeing, unnecessarily blurred the distinction between contingency in law and contingency in fact by ruling that identifying a condition requiring the use of domestic inputs would be a necessary element for a determination of a de facto contingency. This appears to be an unduly formalistic view that leaves little legal space for any de facto contingency claim in the future.
Traumatische Erfahrungen und Callous-unemotional Traits: Zusammenhang mit funktionalen und dysfunktionalen Emotionsregulationsstrategien
Authors: Vasileva Mira , Petermann Ulrike , Petermann Franz
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Zu den Folgen traumatischer Erfahrungen zählt die Entwicklung von traumabezogenen callous-unemotional (CU-) Traits, die mit aggressivem Verhalten bei Jugendlichen zusammenhängen. Die traumabezogenen CU-Traits unterscheiden sich von der primären, genetisch bedingten Variante in ihrem Ursprung und in den konkreten Defiziten der Emotionsregulation. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die funktionalen und dysfunktionalen sowie internalen und externalen Emotionsregulationsstrategien bei Jugendlichen in Abhängigkeit von der Erfahrung potentiell traumatischer Ereignisse und der Ausprägung der CU-Traits zu vergleichen. Untersucht wurde eine Stichprobe von N = 274 Jugendlichen im Alter zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren, die retrospektiv über potentiell traumatische Erfahrungen, CU-Traits und aggressives Verhalten berichteten. Verglichen wurden vier Gruppen: ohne potentiell traumatische Erfahrungen und mit niedrig ausgeprägten CU-Traits ( n = 188, 68.6%), ohne potentiell traumatische Erfahrungen und mit hoch ausgeprägten CU-Traits ( n = 33, 12.0%), mit potentiell traumatischen Erfahrungen und mit niedrig ausgeprägten CU-Traits ( n = 39 14.2%), mit potentiell traumatischen Erfahrungen und mit hoch ausgeprägten CU-Traits ( n = 14, 5.1%). Jugendliche mit hoch ausgeprägten CU-Traits zeigten Schwierigkeiten in den externalen Emotionsregulationsstrategien im Vergleich zu Jugendlichen mit niedrig ausgeprägten CU-Traits. Von den Jugendlichen mit hoch-ausgeprägten CU-Traits zeigten nur diese ohne potentiell traumatische Erfahrungen signifikant weniger internal-funktionalen Strategien als die Jugendlichen mit niedrig ausgeprägten CU-Traits. Es lagen keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen mit hoch ausgeprägten CU-Traits vor. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass anhand einer differenzierten Diagnostik unterschiedliche therapeutische Ziele zur Förderung der Emotionsregulation in Abhängigkeit von der Erfahrung traumatischer Ereignissen und der Ausprägung der CU-Traits abgeleitet werden können.
Women Want the Heavens, Men Want the Earth
Authors: Lifshin Uri , Helm Peter J. , Greenberg Jeff , Soenke Melissa , Pyszczynski Tom
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Efforts are being made in the field of medicine to promote the possibility of indefinite life extension (ILE). Past research on attitudes toward ILE technologies showed that women and more religious individuals usually have more negative attitudes toward ILE. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether gender differences in attitude toward indefinite life extension technologies could be explained by religiosity, afterlife beliefs, and general attitudes toward science. In four studies ( N = 5,000), undergraduate participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring their support for life extension as well as religiosity, afterlife beliefs, and attitude toward science (in Study 3). In all studies, men supported ILE more than women, whereas women reported greater belief in an afterlife. The relationship between gender and attitude toward ILE was only partially mediated by religiosity (Studies 2–4) and by attitudes toward science (Study 3).
Listening to the Picture-Superiority Effect
Authors: Ensor Tyler M. , Bancroft Tyler D. , Hockley William E.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The picture-superiority effect (PSE) refers to the finding that, all else being equal, pictures are remembered better than words ( Paivio & Csapo, 1973 ). Dual-coding theory (DCT; Paivio, 1991 ) is often used to explain the PSE. According to DCT, pictures are more likely to be encoded imaginally and verbally than words. In contrast, distinctiveness accounts attribute the PSE to pictures’ greater distinctiveness compared to words. Some distinctiveness accounts emphasize physical distinctiveness ( Mintzer & Snodgrass, 1999 ) while others emphasize conceptual distinctiveness ( Hamilton & Geraci, 2006 ). We attempt to distinguish among these accounts by testing for an auditory analog of picture superiority. Although this phenomenon, termed the auditory PSE, occurs in free recall ( Crutcher & Beer, 2011 ), we were unable to extend it to recognition across four experiments. We propose a new framework for understanding the PSE, wherein dual coding underpins the free-recall PSE, but conceptual distinctiveness underpins the recognition PSE.
Discrepancy in the Identification of the Atlantic/Pacific Front in the Central Arctic Ocean: NO Versus Nutrient Relationships
Authors: Alkire Matthew B. , Rember Robert , Polyakov Igor
Published: March 2019

Fronts in the NO parameter, a semiconservative tracer combining nitrate and dissolved oxygen, and dynamic height were observed in the central East Siberian Sea that distinguished Atlantic and Pacific contributions to the upper halocline of the Amerasian Basin during the summer of 2015. The NO front was aligned with the Transpolar Drift, and its position over the Mendeleyev Ridge indicates that Pacific waters were generally restricted to the Canada Basin and did not spread to the central Arctic. This interpretation lies in contrast to the distribution of Pacific water fractions, calculated using established relationships between nitrate and phosphate, and indicates that traditional tracers used to quantify Pacific water contributions to the Arctic Ocean are no longer accurate.
A Statistical Model for Frequency of Coastal Flooding in Honolulu, Hawaii, During the 21st Century
Authors: Thompson Philip R. , Widlansky Matthew J. , Merrifield Mark A. , Becker Janet M. , Marra John J.
Published: March 2019

The state of Hawaii and city of Honolulu experienced an unprecedented number of minor flooding episodes during 2017 due to the combination of seasonal high tides and record‐high mean sea levels. To quantify the impact of sea level rise on the tendency for flooding events to cluster in future years, we developed a hierarchical statistical model describing the number of days per year for which sea level exceeds a prescribed threshold in Honolulu as a function of annual mean sea level and the amplitude of the highest tides. Based on this model, we generate probabilistic projections of exceedance days per year for the 21st century, which show pronounced inflections in the frequency of exceedance days due to the interaction between sea level rise and long‐period (18.6 year) modulation of tidal amplitude. Analysis of the projections demonstrates how planning for the “typical” future year can substantially underestimate flooding impacts during inevitable severe years that experience many more exceedance days than expected in a probabilistic sense. The projections also show the potential for rapid, subdecadal transitions from occasional to chronic threshold exceedance during the second half of the century, suggesting that implementation of adaptation and mitigation strategies may need to begin prior to the emergence of occasional minor impacts in affected areas.
A New TKE‐Based Parameterization of Atmospheric Turbulence in the Canadian Global and Regional Climate Models
Authors: He Y. , McFarlane N. A. , Monahan A. H.
Published: March 2019

A new semi‐empirical turbulence parameterization is presented. Key features of the scheme include representation of turbulent diffusivities in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy that is determined by solving a quasi‐equilibrium form of the equation representing the turbulent kinetic energy budget. The new parameterization is innovative in the treatment of turbulent transfer in stably stratified conditions and the representation of nonlocal contributions to the vertical transport of heat, moisture, and scalar prognostic variables in convectively active boundary layers. A key element in the modeling of turbulence in stably stratified conditions is the formulation of the turbulent Prandtl number based on the results of recently published theoretical, modeling, and observational studies of stratified turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. The new parameterization has been implemented in the CanAM4 single column model. Its performance in comparison with that of the operational CanAM4 turbulence parameterization is documented in terms of selected results from case studies for clear‐sky conditions based on meteorological observations from the KNMI‐mast at Cabauw, Netherlands, and the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus case study of stratocumulus‐topped marine boundary layers. The performance of the new and operational schemes is qualitatively similar in clear‐sky conditions in both convective and stable boundary layer regimes. However, they perform differently for the extended simulations for the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus case study. The new scheme maintains an elevated stratocumulus layer throughout a 30‐hr simulation, but peak liquid water contents are larger than large eddy simulations.