bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joule, Mayer, and Others: A Decade-and-a-Half-Long Debate over Priority in the Discovery of the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
Authors: Bulyubash Boris
Published: December 2021

This article reviews the history of a debate over priority in the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat that was centered around J. P. Joule and J. R. von Mayer. The following two stages may be distinguished in this debate. During the first stage, those involved in it were Joule and Mayer themselves. While Mayer presented a numerical value for the mechanical equivalent of heat, which was based on the data from Gay-Lussac’s experiment, Joule determined the value of this coefficient in his own experiment although he did it later than Mayer (actually, Joule was unaware of Gay-Lussac’s experiment). This article shows that, in the end, Joule and William Thomson, who also participated in the debate, recognized (even though formally and with reservations) Mayer’s priority.
During the second stage of the debate, its participants were British scientists who supported Mayer or Joule. Thus, Mayer’s priority was supported by Professor J. Tyndall of the Royal Institution in London and it was he who initiated the resumption of the discussion. Joule’s priority was advocated by Professor W. Thomson of the University of Glasgow and Professor P. Tait of the University of Edinburgh. It is noted that a personal animosity between Tyndall and Tait, as well as Tyndall’s competitive attitude towards Thomson, had a significant impact on the tone of the debate, and the examples of Tait’s provocative remarks and Tyndall’s reactions are provided. Joule’s involvement during the second stage of the debate that was mostly limited to private correspondence between himself, Tait, Thomson, and Tyndall, is discussed. Over the time elapsed after the first stage of the debate, the level of rejection of Mayer’s arguments by the scientific community had decreased significantly.
The awarding of the Royal Society’s Copley Medal to Joule (1870) and Mayer (1871), both of them nominated by Tyndall, came as a symbolic conclusion of the debate.
Kontrapunktische Studien zu Schwarzsein und Schwarzem Europa – Das Schwarze queer-feministische Magazin Afrekete als Wissensarchiv
Authors: Auma Maisha M. , Kinder Katja , Piesche Peggy
Published: December 2021

Die Zeitschrift Afrekte war ein zentrales Wissens-, Bildungs- und Diskursarchiv Schwarzer feministischer Bewegung und Auseinandersetzung; sie wurde lokal in Deutschland produziert, sie war jedoch zugleich transnational – was die Verwobenheit schwarzfeministischer Kontexte zeigt. Der Beitrag besteht aus einer dreistimmigen Perspektivierung des kollektiven Wissens und der Archivbildung dieser Zeitschrift sowie des seit 35 Jahren bestehenden queer*feministischen Organisationsraumes Adefra, Schwarze Frauen in Deutschland. Untersucht und vorgestellt, werden kollektive Prozesse, der Gegennarrative, Ent-Normalisierung und Gegen-Archive. Verdeutlicht werden Schwarze lesbische, Liebes- und Lebensweisen, die sich in Gedichten, analytischen Artikeln, Zeichnungen und Bildern in der Zeitschrift Afrekete wiedergefunden haben. Verdeutlicht wird ein Prozess der kollektiven Auseinandersetzung mit Rassismus, institutionalisiertem Weiß-sein und heteronormen Strukturen, die der Kollektivraum Adefra durch das Herstellen der Zeitschrift Afrekte erfährt.
Cebrin Semantiği: Hârizmî Cebrinin Felsefi Açıdan Değerlendirmesi
Authors: YAVUZ Tuğba
Published: December 2021

Muhammed b. Mûsa el-Hârizmî’nin 843 yılında kaleme aldığı el-Kitâbu’l Muhtasar fi Hisâbi’l Cebr ve’l Mukâbele isimli kitabı ‎kısa bir süre önce ilk kez Türkçeye çevrildi. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu çeviriden hareketle, Hârizmî cebrinin metafizik ve ‎semantik yorumlarını içeren felsefi bir değerlendirmesi sunulmuştur. Hârizmî, cebirsel denklemlerin çözümünde geometrik ‎modelleme yaparak anlamsal bir zemine bağlı kalmış ve irrasyonel sayılara denklem çözümlerinde yer verirken, negatif kökleri ‎bulmayı bilinçli bir şekilde tercih etmemiştir. Hârizmî’nin kendi cebir sistemini inşa ederken benimsediği bu yaklaşım ve ‎kullandığı yöntem, matematiği nasıl bir metafizik ve semantik zeminde yaptığına dair ipuçları verir. Bu ipuçları, yalnızca genel ‎itibariyle cebir ya da Hârizmî cebri için değil, mümkün ve imkansız dünyalar semantiği ya da nesne kuramına ilişkin farklı ‎yaklaşımların önemli bir yer tuttuğu çağdaş felsefe ve mantık tartışmaları açısından da son derece önemlidir. Günümüz ‎tartışmalarına ışık tutabilmesi ve farklı yorumlara kapı aralamak amacıyla, Hârizmî ve cebrinin genel özellikleri, matematik ve ‎metafizik ilişkisi ve Hârizmî cebrinin metafizik ve semantik temellerinden yola çıkarak güncel nesne tartışmaları bağlamındaki ‎değerlendirmesi bu çalışmanın ana teması olacaktır. ‎
THE PROBLEM OF THE EMERGENCE OF SLUMS AND METHODS FOR ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION
Authors: Mohamed Chater , Haraborska Yuliia
Published: December 2021

This article raises questions about the need to provide housing for poor citizens or to create opportunities to improve their housing conditions. The causes of illegal development and slum areas are determined as well as architectural methods for their solution in various countries of the world.

This problem has long been known and affects many countries and, in particular, the Kingdom of Morocco. There, it is exacerbated by the imperfection, and sometimes absence, of legislative documents, corruption and unwillingness of the authorities to deal with this issue that is vital for the country. Disappointing statistics on the spread of slums and the situation of people living there are given. The statistics of the growth of illegal development in the city of Casablanca are given as an example.

The experience of dealing with this problem in other countries (on the example of Chile, Mexico, Germany) is considered. To solve this problem, a social housing complex in Iquique, Quinta Monroy, was erected in Chile. The decision was very successful and a similar social project was repeated in Mexico. The residential complex in Dessau Tertin, designed by Walter Gropius (Bauhaus), was also considered. Concerning this complex, the successful use of local building materials and modern (at that time) technologies was noted, as well as the simplicity of solutions.

The findings cited the main causes of the emergence and proliferation of slums in the world and in the Kingdom of Morocco in particular. The main reasons for the spread of illegal construction should be considered: population migration and rapid demographic growth, inaction and corruption of the responsible governing and control bodies for reconstruction and construction, the lack of qualified technical specialists and engineers, complicated legal and administrative stages, the creation of unstructured residential communities, and the limited income of most citizens. It is noted that in Morocco, one of the main reasons for the emergence of illegal development is the population migration of the country’s population in search of work. This is especially true for agricultural workers.
SMART APARTMENT DESIGN FOR A LOW MOBILE RESIDENT
Authors: Khavkhun Halyna , Kostyrka Maksym
Published: December 2021

The article considers the problem of design of a smart apartment as a new level of historical development of small housing. Various aspects of housing cell formation are considered in the scientific works of Bachynska L.G., Gnesya I.P., Gnat G.O. etc.The history of furniture development with the signs of transformation was studied by scientists: Bosyi I.M., Mygal S.P., Z. Dyachun., Vergunova N.S. The purpose of the study is to identify methods of forming the interior of a small residential cell, taking into account the requirements of comfortable living for a small mobile resident. Factors that determine the comfort of the living cell environment and the means to create conditions to ensure a comfortable stay and life in a limited area have been identified. One of the aspects of shaping the interior design of a smart apartment is the use of furniture-transformers. The classification of furniture-transformers according to the level of transformation is carried out: furniture that changes its position without changing the function; furniture that combines several functions; spatial «housing cube».

The main directions of architectural and planning organization of smart apartments are identified: hotel-type apartment, studio apartment, apartment with two rooms, and their possibilities for organization of main functional zones. The basic expedient architectural and planning schemes of smart apartments with examples of their zoning, placement of furniture and interior design are developed and given. It was found that to create a barrier-free living environment for a low-mobility resident, the most acceptable schemes are a two-room apartment or a studio apartment, due to the size and square shape of the plan, which allows you to organize movement and access to furniture in a wheelchair. Based on a comprehensive consideration of the requirements for environmental comfort, regulatory requirements for barrier-free space, features of the use of furniture-transformers, compositional techniques of space organization, ergonomics and energy efficiency, the use of new technologies and modern environmental finishing materials, have been developed and implemented in real design smart apartment concept for little mobile resident. The description of project development with the substantiation of the accepted decision is given. According to the results of the study, recommendations for the design of the interior of a smart apartment for a low-mobile resident were formulated, including: «free floor», access and ease of use of furniture, equipment and technical equipment; use of furniture-transformers.
PROPOSALS OF SOLUTIONS OF THE PROJECT DEVELOPMENTS OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT GEO-HOUSES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Diachenko Larysa , Diachenko Olha
Published: December 2021

One of the new approaches in civil engineering is geodetic domed houses. These are quite economical buildings that most fully reflect the idea of energy saving and the concept of environmentally friendly housing.

The symmetry of the sphere allows the most efficient placement of solar panels and solar collectors. The structures of the house are assembled quickly and do not require heavy construction equipment. By reducing the volume of the heating room, we save on heat resources, so the heating of the domed house in the winter requires 20 – 30% less energy in comparison to the rectangular buildings.

The purpose of the article is to offer solutions for the development of projects of energy-efficient geo-houses in Ukraine. To search for the most rational design and technological solutions; to analyze the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of energy efficient geo-house buildings in order to build them in Ukraine.

The geodesic dome is made of polyurethane foam, reinforced concrete, wood, fiberglass concrete. Frame structures of the geo-house are made of metal or timber, the "skeleton" is lined with plywood or special OSB-boards. This method provides lightness and strength of the building. The dome must have the optimal size of the ribs, not more than 2.5 m in length, which allows you to erect a frame without the use of technology, with a force of 2 ÷ 3 people. Two installation methods of the frame are considered: connector and non-connector.

The proposed solutions for the development of energy-efficient geo-houses' projects in Ukraine will allow in the near future to solve the problems of ecology, energy saving, natural resources saving in the country. Energy-efficient geo-house is the best option for any region of Ukraine, thanks to the undeniable advantages: rigidity and stability of the frame, geometric symmetry of shapes and strength, energy efficiency, high seismic stability, erection speed and originality.
RESEARCH OF ARCHITECTURE FORMATION LANDSCAPE THEATERS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Gumennyk Inna
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of landscape theaters architecture formation on the territory of Ukraine in the realities which have developed in the course of typology development and an arrangement of the cultural data and entertaining and leisure establishments in modern conditions.

The article examines the specifics of the landscape theaters location depending on the functional purpose, capacity of the auditorium and attendance level of various theatrical performances in the open air in Ukraine.

Based on the results of professional questionnaires and analysis of statistical data on the theater and concert network in Ukraine, the author proposes 15 factors that shape the modern architecture of Ukrainian landscape theaters. The author investigates how these factors modify the spectator environment and shows the tools and techniques that allow you to create a harmonious space of the theater.

The list of the above factors influencing the formation of the landscape theaters architecture in Ukraine should include such factors as: the capacity of the auditorium; functional purpose of the building; location of the theater; the mode of the auditorium openness and stage; special conditions of the open-air theater location zone.

In addition, the author investigates the following factors in the formation of landscape theaters architecture, such as: organizational schemes of the stage; the configuration of the amphitheater in relation to the stage; ways to evacuate visitors from the auditorium in case of emergencies; determination of the optimal angle of the auditorium; architectural and constructive solution of the theater location (on a natural or anthropogenic basis).

The author analyzes the influence on the formation of the landscape theaters architecture due to the system of the stage layout and arrangement; when using special technological techniques and technical means; by considering the mobility of the theater; under the conditions of synthesis at the location of the stage relative to the spectator amphitheater; using the means of green architecture and design solutions in the organization of theater space.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN. STAGES OF FORMATION
Authors: Rusevych Tetiana , Severina Olha
Published: December 2021

Conceptual design is the most creative part of architectural activity. In the professional work of architects, conceptual design is given great importance. Various architectural and design forums, exhibitions, competitions are dedicated to him. In Soviet times, an interesting example of the formation of conceptual solutions is the work of Alexander Brodsky and Ilya Utkin (who signed their works as a tandem of "Brutus"). We have other solutions of interesting concepts - the object of the competition "The World of El Lysytsky" - the Globe Theater in Novosibirsk. Here the authors start from the main idea - that the cube is the main form that characterizes the spirit and style of the Russian avant-garde of the twentieth century. Conceptual design ideas are implemented in the construction of unusual hotels, atypical urban environment, non-traditional building materials. All this allows you to think about life according to other rules. Than those prescribed in building codes. The world around us is more interesting and diverse, so we can, in part, paint it in bright colors.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PALLIATIVE ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE WORLD AND IN UKRAINE
Authors: Piven Anastasiia , Haraborska Yulia
Published: December 2021

The object of the research is centers of palliative help.

The article of research is historical development of establishments of palliative medicine.

Global environmental problems of today lead to increase in the incidence of population and increase in incurable cases. The problems of terminally ill patients are been dealt with by palliative medicine, which takes care of the situation of such patients and their families. The article deals with the history of development of palliative care facilities in the world - hospices. The situation of  creation of such establishments in Ukraine is analyzed, which indicates the need to revise the state regulatory framework for design. The analysis conducted in the article indicates the inconsistency of the current norms and the absence of special normative bases for the design of hospices. Current situation does not allow for proper development of the construction of palliative care facilities. In addition, the main criteria and needs are discussed in the article:

Physical comfort (achieved by creating a home atmosphere in the hospital)

Psychological comfort (achieved using the principle of an individual approach to each patient, taking into account all their needs)

Social comfort (achieved by designing places for communication with other patients, as well as with relatives and friends. It is important that such places possess and create a positive attitude and distract from negative thoughts)

Visual comfort (achieved with the help of thoughtful landscaping and designing places for walks, squares, intimate areas for rest and relaxation, as well as for the hobbies of patients)
UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE: HISTORY, PROFITS AND LOSSES, EXPECTATIONS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Puchkov Andrii
Published: December 2021

An attempt has been made to outline in a historical and chronological way the main features, achievements and problems of the Academy of Architecture in Ukraine, from 1945 to the present. These are the Academy of Architecture of the USSR, transformed in 1945 from the Ukrainian branch of the Academy of Architecture of the USSR (1944), the Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the USSR, transformed from the Academy of Architecture in 1955, the liquidation of this Academy in 1963, the restoration of the Academy in 1992. year in the status of the Ukrainian Academy of Architecture.

Based on the involvement of little-known factual material outlines the activities and practical and theoretical guidelines of the five presidents of the Academy of Architecture - Vladimir Zabolotny (1945-1955), Anatoly Komar (1955-1959), Pavel Bakuma (1959-1963), Valentyn Shtolko (1992–2020), Oleg Sleptsov (since September 2021), as well as the peculiarities of actual achievements and radiant delusions of lost perspectives, unfulfilled desires and urgent needs of the architectural and architectural shops of Ukraine during the last almost eighty years.

Among other things, the achievements of the Academy on the way of researching the architectural heritage of Ukraine, the care of V. Zabolotny for research in this area are shown; highlights the dynamics of transformation of candidate dissertations in architecture from design and descriptive to the actual scientific, as they are now; the range of problems that accompanied the Ukrainian Academy of Architecture after its restoration in 1992 is depicted, as well as the vastness of important scientific and creative achievements of its academics and corresponding members, in particular in the field of publishing basic scientific works; finally, for the first time, it is proposed to illustrate the general picture of the formation and formation of the forms of activity of the Academy of Architecture during its existence; the prospects of further functioning are outlined and aspects of understanding the role of the Ukrainian Academy of Architecture in the modern architectural world, not only the Ukrainian one, are singled out.
Analytical Solutions of Fractional Partial Differential equations for the Second grade fluid Flow
Authors: Ikram Muhammad Danish , Tahir Zuha Binte , Anwar Maira , Asjad Muhammad Imran
Published: December 2021

This research work is related to unsteady movement of second-grade fluid over an infinite plate.

The governing equations for flow are developed through constitutive relations. Then classical model

extended to fractional order model with power law fractional differential operator. The Laplace

transform (LT) technique is applied to find the analytical results and stated as series satisfy the

boundary conditions. To see physical significance of flow parameters some graphs are displayed.

Recent results from the existing literature are recovered to validate.

 

Copyright(c) The Authors
Building Information Modelling Technology in Mitigating Cost Overruns and change orders in Construction Projects
Authors: Aldiabat Al-Btoosh Ja’far A.
Published: December 2021

Variation order (VO) is one of the main issues faced by the construction industry in Jordan. Many researchers had investigated on the causes of VO and proposed procedures to minimize and control this issue; however, the VO is affecting the construction industry badly even at moment. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a powerful management system that can make a significant difference in the project costs. However, BIM has not been examined as a tool to minimize the VO in Jordan. The main target of this study is to utilize BIM applications in reducing the effect of VO on the governmental projects in Jordan. In order to achieve this target, the researcher has designed a questionnaire to gather data related to VO causes and the BIM capability to solve this problem. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed statistically. The result from the analysis found that the consultant initiated the highest VO of 50% followed by the clients and the contractors of 20% and 10% unforeseen variation respectively. Moreover, it is found that BIM Design Applications, Facility Operations Simulation, Exploration Design Scenarios, BIM Design Detection and BIM Quantity Take-off and Cost Estimation were significantly capable of minimizing VO. The results show positive relationship with the application of BIM in minimizing VO in the construction industry in Jordan.
© 2018. JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association
ROUTINE VS. ROUTINIZATION IN A. BIERCE’S STORY «AN OCCURRENCE AT OWL CREEK BRIDGE»
Authors: Gorenko Olena
Published: December 2021

The article introduces a phenomenological approach to the analysis of A. Bierce’s story «An occurrence at Owl creek bridge». The category of routine is studied within the frames of Husserl’s interpretation of transcendental inter-subjectivity according to which «realized experience» is presented on two levels. The first is connected with a single flood of consciousness, and, to be more precise,with a possible perception of a single ego-subject. In the story it is Peyton Farquhar. The second represents the constructed unity of a higher level and is a multitude of subjects which are in a state of agreement and mutual understanding. These are soldiers and officers of the Unionist Army, who are involved into the procedure of a hanging which acquires the status of a ritualized routine, daily occurrence. Bierce’s approach to routinization of death is explicitly ironic. Irony is applied on both stylistic and linguistic levels. On linguistic level it is used as traditional incompatibility between what is said and what is meant. On stylistic one– it accentuates the contrast between textual reality and its possible perception by reading audience. This contrast is also revealed through the opposition of two temporal layers – physical and psychological. The first has system forming narrative function, and the latter – system differentiating one. These two levels have a cross-section – internal existential perception of time and space by the person condemned to the execution and his temporal victory over death. At the same time the narrative mechanism of probing deep into the main character’s state of mind is being analysed. This mechanism helps the writer to express implicitly his real attitude to this «occurrence», which reflected paradoxality of civil conflict. On the one hand, it is an attempt to routinize the execution of enemies, on the other, – futile desire to return to the routine.
THE CONCEPT OF ANXIETY / ANXIOUSNESS IN THE PRIVATE SPHERE OF SERHIY ZHADAN’S NOVEL CHARACTERS («MESOPOTAMIA», «BOARDING SCHOOL»)
Authors: Meiserskaya Tatiana
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the study of artistic ways of expressing the types of human anxiety that is manifested in private experiences of the characters of Serhiy Zhadan’s novels «Mesopotamia» and «Boarding School». It is established that the prose writer embodied various types of anxiety – basic, catastrophic, neurotic – which arise in crisis life situations of the characters and are related primarily to the unconscious protective mechanisms of their psyche. It was found out that the private anxieties of Zhadan’s novel characters are most often expressed in intrinsic impulses of aggressive or sexual nature (Romeo, Oleg), past experiences, fear of responsibility, inferiority complex (Pasha, Yura), fear ofpunishment (Mario) or threats from the environment (Yura), a neurotic desire to compensate for one’s own inferiority in the sphere of personal ambitions (Bob) or power over others (Marat). As one of the most prominent artistic embodiments of the psychology of anxiety, the reasons for its emergence and the reflection of the subjective mechanisms of its development, the author of the article identifies the structure of the characters: Marat and Sonya – as the embodiment of a whole bunch of neurotic anxieties, involving the existence of internal conflict, disruption of interpersonal relationships with a clear manifestation of aggressive (criminal or sexual) behavior;Yura, whose behavior reveals symptoms of catastrophic anxiety where his feeling of threat from everywhere leads to his own existence being threatened; children (Sasha and Pasha in the memories of their childhood from the «Boarding School», Dasha’s son from «Mesopotamia») as carriers of basic anxieties arising from childhood due to a number of misunderstandings with the adult world, which further provokes the feelings of their personal inferiority, behavioral anomalies etc. It is emphasized that the nature of the characters’ anxiety and anxiousness is somewhat irrational, that it is always «intrinsic», and that bodily symptoms – the visible «body language» – play a significant role in the reflection of the «invisible language» of feelings.
SELF-WRITING IN THE DIMENSION OF EVERYDAY LIFE: DYNAMICS, CHALLENGES, PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Pavlenko Yuliia
Published: December 2021

The article presents a study of the everyday life discourse in writing about the Self of a fictional subject. It seems obvious that involvement of self-writing in everyday practice calls into question the power of self-writing in the context of everyday life for the self-knowledge of the individual. The purpose of this scientific research is to debunk this illusion and explain the connection between the everyday life and self-writing. It transforms the practice of incorporating one’s own «I» in writing into the dimension of constructing the subject’s identity. There are no works on this topic in modern literary criticism and this fact also indicates the relevance and novelty of the research that is unfolding in the following article. Nowadays, the history of everyday life is booming. It is evidenced by a whole array of scientific papers on this issue. The study of self-writing in the dimension of everyday life appeals to the semiotic approach of Y.M. Lotman and G. Knabe for the analysis of the sign-symbolic nature of everyday life, to the sociological studies of A. Schutz, P. Berger and T. Lukman to identify the ways of constructing everyday life as reality or as a «life world», to the works of V.D.Leleko in the field of aesthetics and culturology of everyday life. The works of the philosophical and anthropological school serve the basis for the research. Particular attention is given to the text-letter of the Enlightenment. The protagonists of the Enlightenment Age invest the issues of everyday life in the work of writing that is a daily practice in the XVIII century. Due to its characteristics, the sphere of everyday life is a measure of self-knowledge and self-affirmation of the individual that was first artistically embodied by enlightened characters. The study shows that everyday life asa strong ground for self-affirmation of the subject was discovered with the help of the personal writing in the novel of the XVIII century, but this discovery became a lost testament to the text-writing of the Enlightenment. Changing the picture of everyday life under the influence of new technologies does not interfere with the text-writing. In the dynamic picture of everyday life offered to us by the 21st century, writing about the Self of a fictional subject opens up new facets of the power of everyday life discourse for the anthropological laboratory of literature. The study is illustrated by thesuch texts as: «Robinson Crusoe» by D.Defoe, «Nun» by D. Diderot, «Memoirs of two young wives» by O. de Balzac, «Poison of Love» by E.-E. Schmitt, «Self-portrait of the radiator» by K. Boben.
HUBUNGAN DIMENSI VERTIKAL TULANG VERTEBRA SERVIKALIS DAN WAJAH PADA MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN GIGI RAS DEUTRO-MELAYU
Authors: Siti Bahirrah  , Dea Philia Swastika
Published: December 2021

Pertumbuhan tulang vertebra servikalis mempengaruhi tipe wajah individu. Penelitian menunjukkan pada individu dengan leher yang panjang memiliki tipe wajah yang panjang dan individu dengan leher yang pendek ditemukan tipe wajah yang pendek. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara dimensi tulang vertebra servikalis dan wajah pada mahasiswa FKG USU Ras Deutro-Melayu. Penelitian ini menggunakan 50 foto sefalometri lateral yang diperoleh dari mahasiswa FKG USU ras Deutro-Melayu. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran adalah metode Karlsen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata dimensi vertikal tulang vertebra servikalis adalah 81,99 mm dan dimensi vertical wajah 33,22o. Sebagai kesimpulan, individu dengan leher yang panjang memiliki tipe wajah yang panjang dan individu dengan leher pendek memiliki tipe wajah yang pendek.
RESTORATION OF POST ENDODONTIC TREATMENT WITH FIBER-RESIN REINFORCED POST CORE SYSTEM
Authors: Wandania Farahanny
Published: December 2021

Restorasi akhir pada gigi setelah perawatan endodonti sering menggunakan pasak dan inti sebagai fondasi penahan mahkota penuh. Saat ini penggunaan pita fiber resin reinforced yang terbuat dari bahan ultra high polyethylene fiber sebagai pasak menjadi popular. Resiko terjadinya fraktur akar dapat berkurang karena sistem pasak ini tidak memerlukan perluasan saluran akar lebih banyak. Retensi pasak ini didapat dari sistem adhesif sehingga dapat menambah kekuatan struktural dari gigi yang akan direstorasi. Laporan kasus ini membahas perawatan yang dilakukan pada dua orang pasien yang mengalami fraktur mahkota pada gigi insisivus maksila dan membutuhkan segera restorasi estetis. Laki-laki berusia 28 dan 19 tahun. Setelah perawatan endodonti dilakukan, bahan polyethylene fiber digunakan sebagai pasak-inti dengan menggunakan semen luting resin untuk mempertahankan struktur gigi tersisa. Komposit resin micro hybrid diaplikasikan sebagai restorasi veneer untuk membentuk restorasi akhir. Sebagai kesimpulan, bahan polyethylene fiber reinforced dapat membuat restorasi estetis dan memperkuat pasak dan inti secara struktural dalam satu kali kunjungan tanpa harus melalui proses laboratorium.
SINDROMA STEVEN JOHNSON AKIBAT CARBAMAZEPIN PADA PENDERITA GANGGUAN KEJIWAAN
Authors: Rahmi Amtha  , Harum Sasanti
Published: December 2021

Reaksi hipersensitivitas obat adalah kondisi patologis yang sering terjadi pada manusia dengan insidensi yang meningkat setiap tahunnya. Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SSJ) adalah salah satu istilah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh reaksi hipersensitivitas tubuh terhadap obat, bakteri, virus, dan bahan kimia. Salah satu obat yang secara luas dilaporkan memicu terjadinya SSJ adalah karbamazepin, obat sintetis yang umumnya digunakan oleh pasien gangguan saraf dan kejiwaan. Dua kasus SSJ karena penggunaan karbamazepin dilaporkan dengan manifestasi klinis yang hampir sama, hanya berbeda dalam derajat keparahan dan patogenesis munculnya manifestasi akibat reaksi hipersensitivitas obat yang dikonsumsi. Perawatan komprehensif bersifat multi-disiplin melibatkan Bagian Kulit Kelamin, Saraf, Penyakit Dalam, Penyakit Mulut dan Ahli Jiwa memberikan kemajuan penyembuhan pada penderita. Menjaga kebersihan mulut, penggunaan obat kumur prednison dan krim topikal acetonid floucinolon untuk bibir memberikan kemajuan pesat penyembuhan intra-oral dari pasien, mendampingi obat sistemik dari disiplin ilmu yang relevan. Sebagai kesimpulan, SSJ dapat disebabkan oleh penggunaan karbamazepin dan menunjukkan manifestasi yang parah. SSJ perlu dikelola secara akurat dengan pendekatan multidisiplin terapi.
GAMBARAN ASIMETRI WAJAH DAN LENGKUNG GIGI PADA PASIEN GIGITAN TERBALIK ANTERIOR YANG DIRAWAT DI KLINIK ORTODONTI RSGMP FKG USU
Authors: Ervina Sofyanti  , Faradilla
Published: December 2021

Akhir-akhir ini, asimetri dentofasial kompleks menjadi salah satu alasan pasien mencari perawatan ortodonti. Pada umumnya, asimetri ini hampir ditemukan pada berbagai maloklusi, khususnya pada pasien gigitan terbalik anterior. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi asimetri wajah dan asimetri lengkung gigi pada maloklusi gigitan terbalik anterior pasien masa gigi bercampur. Sampel penelitian adalah foto frontal dan foto model gigi dari 35 pasien Departemen Ortodonti RSGMP FKG USU dengan kriteria inklusi adalah pasien fase gigi bercampur dengan maloklusi gigitan terbalik anterior, hubungan Molar Kelas I dan Kelas III, serta belum pernah mendapat perawatan ortodonti. Pengukuran asimetri wajah dengan mencari selisih antara jarak jaringan lunak gonion (STG) kanan dan kiri ke midline wajah pada sepertiga wajah bawah yang diambil saat relasi sentrik dan oklusi sentrik. Pengukuran asimetri lengkung gigi ditentukan dengan jarak medial palatal plane ke landmark pada foto model gigi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi asimetri wajah saat relasi sentrik adalah 17,14% dan saat oklusi sentrik sebanyak 45,17%. Secara klinis, sebanyak 66.67% menunjukkan sisi kiri wajah lebih lebar dibandingkan yang kanan pada saat relasi sentrik sedangkan saat oklusi sentrik terdapat sisi kanan wajah lebih lebar dibandingkan yang kiri sebesar 68.75%. Prevalensi asimetri lengkung gigi adalah 57,14% yang mana sisi kiri lengkung gigi lebih lebar dibandingkan yang kanan. Sebagai kesimpulan, asimetri wajah pada pasien dengan gigitan terbalik anterior memperlihatkan asimetri wajah yang lebih banyak pada saat oklusi sentrik dibandingkan saat relasi sentrik. Selain itu pasien dengan gigitan terbalik anterior menunjukkan lengkung gigi yang asimetris. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, pemeriksaan kesimetrisan pada saat relasi sentrik dan oklusi sentrik perlu diperhatikan pada kasus dengan gigitan terbalik anterior sehingga asimetri yang lebih parah dapat dihindari.
DAMPAK SOSIAL KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT PADA LANSIA DI UPT PELAYANAN SOSIAL LANJUT USIA BINJAI
Authors: Sondang Pintauli  , Lina Maria
Published: December 2021

Proses penuaan dapat mempengaruhi kondisi kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada lansia, misalnya perubahan pada mukosa mulut, mulut kering, karies gigi dan atrisi, resesi gingiva dan perubahan periodontal yang menyebabkan tulang alveolar mengalami mobiliti dan akhirnya kehilangan gigi. Keadaan ini akan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dampak sosial kesehatan gigi dan mulut lansia yang tinggal di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Binjai dengan menggunakan indeks Geriatic Oral Health Assessment (GOHAI). Populasi penelitian pada penelitian potong lintang ini adalah 160 orang, sedangkan sampel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan diperoleh sebanyak 87 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada dimensi fungsi fisik yang selalu dialami responden adalah membatasi makanan (77%), kesulitan menggigit atau mengunyah makanan (75,9%) dan masalah dalam berbicara (57,5%). Pada dimensi rasa sakit dan ketidaknyamanan, sebanyak 43,7% responden merasa tidak nyaman waktu makan, dan 19.5% selalu merasa sensitif terhadap panas, dingin dan manis. Hanya 1,1% yang sering/selalu menggunakan obatobatan untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit. Pada dimensi psikososial, 36,8% responden tidak pernah merasa senang dengan penampilan mereka karena masalah pada gigi, sedangkan 34,5% tidak pernah merasa khawatir dengan masalah pada giginya, 39,1% selalu percaya diri dan 36,8% selalu merasa nyaman bersosialisasi dengan orang lain. Jumlah gigi mempengaruhi kualitas hidup (p< 0,001). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas hidup lansia yang mengalami kehilangan gigi sedikit akan lebih baik dan sebaliknya.
EFEK ANTIBAKTERI SEA CUCUMBER (STICHOPUS VARIEGATUS) SEBAGAI BAHAN MEDIKAMEN SALURAN AKAR TERHADAP BAKTERI ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS
Authors: Gita Tarigan  , Trimurni Abidin  , Harry Agusnar
Published: December 2021

Tujuan perawatan endodonti adalah untuk mengeliminasi mikroorganisme dan beberapa produk saluran akar sehingga gigi dapat dipertahankan selama mungkin di dalam mulut. Banyak bakteri yang didapat dalam saluran akar, salah satunya adalah bakteri anaerob yaitu Enterococcus faecalis, bakteri ini umumnya yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam saluran akar. Umumnya bakteri ini didapat karena adanya kegagalan dalam perawatan saluran akar. Bahan medikamen yang umumya digunakan di klinik adalah kalsium hidroksida. Sea cucumber adalah salah satu bahan alam yang sudah banyak digunakan dibidang kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efek Sea cucumber dalam membunuh bakteri Enterococcus faecalis. Efek Sea cucumber terhadap bakteri Enterococcus faecalis dilakukan pada konsentrasi (0,1%, 0,2%, 0,25%, 0,3%, 0,4%, 0,5%) dengan waktu (4, 6, 8, dan 24jam) dan dilakukan pengukuran viabilitas dengan menggunakan 3-(4,5- dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliun bromide (MTT) assay dan dibaca dengan microplate reader panjang gelombang 650 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Sea cucumber memiliki efek terhadap Enterococcus faecalis dari waktu 4jam sampai 6 jam dengan konsentrasi yang terbaik adalah 0,3%, sedangkan pada waktu 8 jam konsentrasi yang terbaik dalam membunuh bakteri Enterococcus faecalis adalah 0,5%. Konsentrasi yang paling kecil yaitu 0,2% didapat pada waktu 24 jam. Secara statistik Sea cucumber memiliki efek terhadap Enterococcus faecalis dengan hasil yang signifikan (p< 0,05). Sebagai kesimpulan, Sea cucumber efektif terhadap Enterococcus faecalis.
COMPREHENSIVE ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF PALATALLY IMPACTED MAXILLARY CANINES
Authors: Ervina Sofyanti
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive orthodontic treatment among adult patients that required multidisciplinary approaches has been increased since a lot of them could not avail themselves with any treatment decades ago. Treatment of impacted canine in adult orthodontic patient needs to be integrated into the overall orthodontic treatment scheme. The following case report described an orthodontic treatment of 33-year-old woman with convex profile, palatally impacted of left maxillary canines and single dental crossbite. Dental midline shift associated with narrow arch form of upper arch and asymmetric tooth amount. Management of this case was started by extraction of first upper premolars in the opposite site from impacted maxillary in order to overcome dental discrepancy problem. Surgical exposure allowed the potency natural eruption of the impacted tooth. After 24-months of treatment, the impacted maxillary canines took place as integral elements in dentition and Class I Canine relationship was achieved. The success of this comprehensive orthodontic treatment also considered biomechanical and periodontal condition during treatment based on proper evaluation and good prognostic of the impacted tooth position. Providing adequate space and surgical exposure during levelling aligning phase followed by orthodontic traction and gingivectomy, were the multidisciplinary approaches of this following case. In conclusion, biomechanical orthodontic treatment related to periodontal condition must be considered in comprehensive orthodontic treatment of adult patient.
IMPLAN ZIRKONIA TIPE Y-TZP SEBAGAI PIRANTI ALTERNATIF PILIHAN SELAIN IMPLAN TITANIUM
Authors: Dewi Puspitasari  , Ellyza Herda
Published: December 2021

Penggunaan implan dalam bidang kedokteran gigi telah berkembang sejak lama saat pertama kali implan berbahan dasar titanium digunakan untuk menggantikan gigi yang hilang. Sejak saat itu titanium menjadi material pilihan untuk penggunaan implan karena biokompatibilitas dan sifat mekaniknya yang baik. Adanya efek yang tidak diinginkan dari implan titanium, menjadikan material lain yaitu zirkonia sebagai material pilihan alternatif selain titanium. Keuntungan zirkonia sebagai implan antara lain biokompatibilitas dan sifat mekaniknya yang baik terutama resistensi terhadap fraktur melalui mekanisme “toughening transformation”. Mekanisme “toughening transformation” terjadi pada zirkonia yang telah distabilisasi dengan oksida yttria (Y-TZP), sehingga stress yang terjadi pada permukaan zirkonia akan menghasilkan perubahan volumetrik pada struktur kristal dari fasa tetragonal menjadi fasa monoklinik. Sebagai kesimpulan, material keramik zirkonia terutama Y-TZP (tetragonal zirconia polycrystal) dapat digunakan sebagai material implan kedokteran gigi yang sebanding dengan implan titanium.
UJI IN VITRO CARBONATE APATITE-CHITOSAN SCAFFOLDS SEBAGAI MATERIAL CANGKOK TULANG PADA TEKNIK REKAYASA JARINGAN
Authors: Maretaningtias Dwi Ariani  , Anita Yuliati  , Utari Kresnoadi
Published: December 2021

Untuk meningkatkan adhesi sel dan kemampuan pembentukan tulang dari kitosan, dicoba untuk membuat suatuscaffolds yang menggabungkan kitosan dengan carbonate apatite (CA). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmembuat carbonate apatite-chitosan scaffolds (CA-ChSs) serta mengevaluasi CA-ChSs dari sudut pandangproliferasi sel menggunakan MC3T3-E1. Chitosan scaffolds (ChSs) yang berisi 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200dan 400 mg bubuk kitosan (100D, YSK, Japan) dibuat dengan prosedur dilarutkan dalam 5 ml asam asetat 2%,dikocok selama 15 menit, kemudian dinetralkan dengan 15 ml 0,1 M larutan NaOH. Setelah disentrifugasi pada1500 rpm selama 10 menit, kelebihan air dibuang, kemudian gel kitosan dikemas ke dalam cetakan teflon(diameter: 5 mm, tinggi: 2 mm). Cetakan dibekukan pada suhu -80°C selama 2 jam dan dikeringkan dalammesin beku kering pada suhu -54°C selama 24 jam. Selanjutnya dilakukan radiasi ultraviolet pada ChSs selama 2jam. Untuk membuat CA-ChSs, dipilih ChSs yang berisi 200 mg bubuk kitosan. Setelah dinetralisir, 10, 50, 100,200 dan 300 mg dari 0,06 M CA ditambahkan ke dalam kitosan gel yang berisi 200 mg bubuk kitosan. StrukturCA-ChSs diamati dengan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Proliferasi MC3T3-E1 dalam ChSs dan CAChSs dievaluasi pada hari ke-1, 7 dan 14. CA-ChSs dengan struktur tiga dimensi yang berpori serta adanya perlekatan CA dapat diamati dengan jelas menggunakan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlahpertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel pada CA-ChSs secara signifikan lebih banyak dibandingkan pada ChSs(kontrol) pada setiap tahap pengamatan di hari ke-1, 7 dan 14 (p< 0,05). Sebagai kesimpulan, CA-ChSs adalahkandidat untuk material cangkok tulang pada teknik rekayasa jaringan.
TEKNIK PENCETAKAN CLOSED TRAY UNTUK PEMBUATAN SUPRA STRUKTUR GIGI TIRUAN IMPLAN TUNGGAL PADA GIGI MOLAR RAHANG BAWAH
Authors: Elizabeth Mailoa  , Peter Rovani  , Edy Machmud
Published: December 2021

Gigi tiruan implan merupakan salah satu restorasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan kehilangan satu ataubeberapa gigi yang hilang dengan pembuatan restorasi cekat, atau pada pembuatan gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan dengandistal extension maupun pada gigi tiruan penuh. Faktor yang paling penting pada pembuatan gigi tiruan implan baikuntuk kondisi kehilangan sebagian maupun seluruh gigi adalah pemahaman operator tentang tahap prostetik yangdibutuhkan untuk melengkapi seluruh perawatan gigi tiruan implan. Prosedur pencetakan pada gigi tiruan implanmembutuhkan keakuratan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan prosedur pencetakan pada gigi alami. Ada dua teknikpencetakan yang umumnya digunakan pada prosedur pencetakan untuk pembuatan supra struktur dari gigi tiruan implanyaitu closed tray dan opened tray technique. Pada laporan kasus ini akan dijelaskan prosedur pencetakan dengan teknikclosed tray pada pembuatan gigi tiruan implan tunggal. Prosedur pencetakan yang dilakukan menggunakan transfercoping (ball-top screw), kemudian prosedur pencetakan menggunakan custom tray dan dilakukan pencetakan denganbahan cetak elastomer tipe putty dan tipe injeksi di sekitar implan. Setelah bahan cetak mengeras, ball-top screw danimplant abutment dilepas dengan hati-hati dari mulut pasien. Pada hasil cetakan, dimasukkan abutment analog padaposisi abutment. Hasil cetakan dikirim ke laboratorium teknik gigi untuk penyelesaian. Sebagai kesimpulan, teknikpencetakan yang baik merupakan dasar pembuatan gigi tiruan implan yang tepat.
KUMUR-KUMUR EKSTRAK MENGKUDU DAPAT MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN STREPTOKOKUS Sp SEBAGAI PENYEBAB TERJADINYA PLAK GIGI
Authors: I Gusti Agung Ayu Dharmawati  , I Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Swastini  , Ni Made Widhiasti
Published: December 2021

Mengkudu merupakan tanaman tradisional yang dapat digunakan untuk berkumur dan mengandung antibakteri.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek berkumur ekstrak mengkudu dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Streptokokussp. dilaksanakan dengan metode completely randomized pre dan post test control group design. Pengambilan sampel 21orang secara simple random sampling. Bahan eksperimen menggunakan ekstrak mengkudu konsentrasi 50% dan 75%.Data hasil penelitian diuji dengan Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney dan Wilcoxon. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adaperbedaan bermakna pada pertumbuhan Streptokokus sp setelah perlakuan (p< 0,02). Berbeda bermakna pada kelompokkontrol (khlorhexidin 0,2%) dengan ekstrak mengkudu 50% dan 75% (p< 0,05), tidak berbeda bermakna antara ekstrakmengkudu 50% dengan 75% (p> 0,05). Uji analisis masing- masing kelompok sebelum dan setelah perlakuanmenunjukkan berbeda bermakna pada khlorhexidin 0,2% dengan ekstrak mengkudu 50% (p< 0,05) dan tidak berbedabermakna dengan ekstrak mengkudu 75% (p> 0,05). Kumur-kumur ekstrak mengkudu 50% dan 75% dapat menghambatpertumbuhan Streptokokus sp. penyebab dental plak, tetapi peningkatan konsentrasi dari 50% menjadi 75% tidakberpengaruh terhadap peningkatan daya hambat dari ekstrak mengkudu. Disimpulkan, kumur-kumur ekstrak mengkudu50% dan 75% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Streptokokussp.
The Risk of Albuminuria to The Ischemic Acute Patient With or Without Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Ana Fresia  , Yuneldi Anwar
Published: December 2021

Stroke is not only a major cause of death, but also a leading cause of disability worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is one of the predictor of stroke since it has been linked to the development of atherosclerosis that will lead to cerebrovascular event. Albuminuria is known to be an indicator of endothelial dysfunction that is a major cause of cerebrovascular disease. In this study, 50 subjects of acute ischemic stroke consist of 25 subjects of acute ischemic stroke with metabolic syndrome and 25 subjects of acute ischemic stroke without metabolic syndrome. The ischemic stroke with metabolic syndrome population is significantly associated with increased risk of albuminuria 16 times higher than the ischemic stroke without metabolic syndrome (OR = 16, IK95% 1.855 – 137.97, p=0.002).Subjects of ischemic stroke with metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with increased risk of albuminuria.
Relationship Between CHA2DS2-VASC Score With CIN For AMI Patients After PCI
Authors: Herman Wiliam Parlindungan
Published: December 2021

The CHA2DS2-VASC score has been reported recently to predict adverse clinical outcomes so is CIN in patients with AMI regardless of having AF. We investigated relationship between CHA2DS2-VASC score with CIN in patients who underwent PCI strategies. This is a study of 40 patients with and underwent PCI. The CHA2DS2-VASC score was calculated for each patient. From this study 16 cases(18.82%) of CIN were diagnosed. CIN was defined as rise in serum creatinine>0,5mg/dL or>25% increase in baseline within 24h after PCI. In the ROC curve analysis,the cut-off value of CHA2DS2-VASC score in the prediction of CIN was>4(sensitivity:56.25%,Specificity:87.5%)(AUC0.698,95%:CI1.460-6.163,p=0.003) and has a significant association with CIN(R20.485). We also identified Hb level<12mg/dL as an independent predictor of CIN with (RR3.44,95%:CI1.816-6.532,p<0.001). The CHA2DS2-VASC score was positively associated with CIN. Therefore,it can be used as a simple and reliable tools to predict CIN in AMI patients who underwent PCI.