bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of carbon emissions from hybrid road vehicles by mathematical modelling
Authors:   ”Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, NEAMȚU Gheorghe , ȚINCU Ioan ,   ”Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, INȚĂ Marinela ,   ”Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu
Published: January 2025

This scientific paper presents an own research and an original point of view on the
technical, mathematical and economical acceptance of road vehicle emissions. Specialists
argue that practical experimentation through active type determinations can bring remarkable
results in any field. In order to demonstrate practically and mathematically the current claims
of the specialists, the present paper presents the actual results of some experiments obtained
and some considerations on the mathematical model used for the validation of the objective
functions, i.e. the CO2 emissions obtained experimentally with specific measuring accuracy, on
vehicles with hybrid propulsion. The proposed research also represents the authors' point of
view, which is supported by the proposals made by the World Health Organization to reduce
the speed of traffic in urban areas from 50 km/h to 30 km/h, with the aim of reducing the
number of traffic accidents, as well as pollution with chemical and noise noxious substances
and vibrations. The results of the tests carried out on urban roads were supplemented by the
results of the tests carried out on motorways outside urban areas for comparative purposes,
applying defensive driving methods (eco-driving). Thus, the paper presents the mathematical
model and its validation applied on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions obtained under real driving
conditions of road vehicles. Finally, some conclusions and research directions of the modelling
are presented.
Management of exploration of traumatic injuries through protocols in the field of neurosurgery and the importance of intellectual property in this context
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Andronic Dan Theodor , Țîțu Aurel Mihail ,   Academy of Romanian Scientists, Iamandii Alexandra-Florina ,   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest
Published: January 2025

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) represent a significant clinical challenge in
neurosurgery, necessitating well-defined protocols to streamline management and improve
patient outcomes. Effective protocols are vital in ensuring consistency, reliability, and safety in
treatment processes. As medical innovations advance, the role of intellectual property (IP) in the
development and utilization of these protocols becomes increasingly prominent. IP rights protect
the intellectual investments of researchers and healthcare providers, fostering innovation and
ensuring the dissemination of high-quality, evidence-based practices. This study aims to explore
and evaluate the current neurosurgical protocols for the management of traumatic injuries and
assess the importance of IP in this context. By examining how IP influences the creation and
adoption of medical protocols, we seek to understand its impact on clinical efficacy and the
broader implications for patient care in neurosurgery. This dual focus provides a comprehensive
view of both the practical and legal considerations in the management of TBIs.
Occupational health and safety policy and compliance audit for forklift operator profession in a company with specific production, packaging and distribution of mineral waters
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Habuc Anișoara , Babiş Claudiu ,   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Botoc Elena Anda ,   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Mit George ,   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Dimitescu Andrei ,   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest
Published: January 2025

The policy in the field of environment, occupational health and safety is embodied
in objectives established and communicated at all levels of the organization and for all
operations included in the scope of the management system, which are monitored, analyzed
and reviewed periodically, so as to ensure: the planning, implementation, maintenance and
continuous improvement of the effectiveness of an environmental management system,
occupational health and safety oriented towards the satisfaction of all compliance obligations
applicable in this field; training, awareness, stimulation and consultation of employees in order
to understand the impact of the organization's activities, products and services on the
environment, occupational health and safety of their responsibilities in order to actively support
management programs and perform work tasks in conditions of environmental protection and
occupational safety; to ensure that decisions on occupational health and safety are taken taking
into account the need to promote actions to prevent occupational injuries and diseases.
Market Trends in 2024 in the IT Project Management Industry
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Stan Nicoleta-Madalina , Predescu Adrian Bogorin ,   National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Titu Aurel Mihail ,   Academy of Romanian Scientists
Published: January 2025

The IT project management sector is experiencing major changes due to swift
technological progress, shifting business requirements, and the growing intricacy of IT projects.
This study examines the prevailing market trends influencing the IT project management field.
Notable trends include the increasing use of Agile and DevOps approaches, which focus on
adaptability, teamwork, and ongoing delivery. The emergence of artificial intelligence and
machine learning is transforming project management tools, offering predictive analytics and
improved decision-making abilities. Additionally, there is a notable shift towards remote and
hybrid work models, necessitating robust digital collaboration platforms and tools. The
increasing importance of cybersecurity and data privacy is influencing project management
practices, with a heightened focus on risk management and compliance. Furthermore, the
demand for skilled IT project managers is rising, prompting organizations to invest in training
and development programs. This paper also examines the impact of these trends on project
outcomes, stakeholder satisfaction, and overall business performance. By examining these
market trends, the research seeks to offer valuable insights for IT project managers,
organizations, and policymakers. These insights will help them navigate the changing landscape
and ensure successful project delivery in a dynamic and competitive environment
An analysis of road accidents caused by the current road infrastructure in Romania
Authors:   ”Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Neamțu Gheorghe , Ință Marinela ,   ”Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu
Published: January 2025

The scientific paper presents in a concrete and elegant way an analysis of how the
poor quality and insufficiency of the current road infrastructure in Romania negatively
influences road safety. The existing road infrastructure in our country is built and developed on
the basis of roads built in the 1950s and 1960s, largely modernised, but still insufficient in
terms of high speed roads. Specialists in the field consider that average traffic speeds on the
existing road infrastructure at that time are largely influenced by a number of factors that are
exclusively related to it. A high density of localities and the roads that cross them, the
topography, the climate, traffic jams, the defective way of action of the authorities, sometimes
the lack of horizontal and vertical signalization, the obstacles encountered at every turn, the
non-conforming, undersized design or construction of traffic lanes and other elements of
infrastructure, current legislation with many interpretations, heavy, heterogeneous and
congested traffic, all of which make traffic participants unsafe and stressful and generate
serious road events or accidents, resulting in human casualties and significant material damage.
At national level, these are just a few of the most important issues negatively affecting
infrastructure. In order to remove these negative, nonconforming aspects, which do not add
value to the modern society it serves, it is imperative that major investments are undertaken in
a relatively short time to develop a modern, sustainable and durable road infrastructure. In this
way, those interested can find out the current state of research in the field, as well as data and
figures on the number of road accident fatalities caused by the poor state of road infrastructure
in Romania. The road safety management carried out on the current road infrastructure and the
degree of sustainability provided by the authorities is then presented. At the end of the paper,
conclusions in the field are presented
Study on natural antioxidants: sources, mechanisms of action and health benefits
Authors:   Constantin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu, Cîrțînă Daniela , Popa Roxana-Gabriela ,   Constantin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu
Published: January 2025

The role of natural antioxidants in protecting the body from free radicals is well
known, and the importance of these compounds in maintaining health and preventing disease is
essential. The health benefits of these compounds are numerous, the most important of which
are protecting cells by neutralizing free radicals and decreasing oxidative stress at the cellular
level, improving the immune system, preventing chronic diseases and slowing down the ageing
process. The paper presents aspects related to the mechanism of action of natural antioxidants,
their sources, antioxidant capacity and the role of natural antioxidants in the prevention of certain
diseases.
The Senate Sandbox: Teaching Legislative Politics Through Open-Ended, Multi-Week Senate Simulations
Authors: Oldham Robert
Published: January 2025

Simulation learning uses a pedagogy of play to facilitate deep engagement with political science concepts and debates as well as strong peer relationships and professional skills that are less likely to develop in a lecture-based course. We argue that open-ended, multi-week simulations where students participate as relative equals can best unlock these benefits. Although this approach to simulation learning could work in many settings, we have seen it succeed in courses focused on the United States Senate. We argue that students benefit most when they have opportunities to immerse themselves in a role for an extended period of time, can direct the focus of the simulation toward issues they care about, and can learn from their mistakes and successes along the way.
Capstone: Merging Experiential Learning, Research, And 21st Century Pedagogy
Authors: Matibe Pearl
Published: January 2025

Real world, Washington practitioner workspaces inform this paper. It explores how to develop capstone courses, such as in comparative politics and international relations that integrate experiential learning and research-based pedagogy early in a course of study. This equips students for the complexities of 21st-century political science careers. By combining hands-on experiential learning—such as case studies, debates, global visits, fieldwork, and simulations, it allows students to bridge the gap between classroom knowledge, rigorous inquiry, and the practical demands of a political science career. It discusses insights into designing courses that connect students directly with the mechanisms to increasing literacy levels, and collaboration. This paper argues that experiential learning, when systematically integrated into capstone courses, enhances students’ critical thinking, adaptability, and problem-solving skills. Key findings include institutional challenges, gaps in early skill development and competencies. Appropriate literacy levels for career readiness, is possible, if capstone course are reimagined.
Sustainability Transitions Research: An Introduction
Authors: Hendriks Abe , Wesche Julius
Published: January 2025

Sustainability transitions research examines how societies can fundamentally transform their socio-technical systems toward collectively envisioned sustainable futures, which themselves are continuously negotiated and redefined. This chapter introduces key concepts, development, and significance of this emerging interdisciplinary field. We begin by defining sustainability transitions through three core components: socio-technical systems that encompass intertwined technological artifacts and social structures; transition processes as fundamental, multi-dimensional changes occurring over long timespans; and the contested character of sustainability goals that evolve through ongoing societal negotiation. The field has evolved from its 1990s origins to embrace diverse theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches, and as established frameworks have provided valuable analytical tools, emerging research directions – including spatial dimensions, power dynamics, and methodological diversification – are imperative for understanding contemporary challenges. This chapter sets the foundation for the handbook, introducing key concepts and debates that are explored in depth throughout subsequent chapters on theoretical frameworks, transition dynamics, methodological approaches, and future research directions.
Evaluation of the efficacy of a novel lumbar exoskeleton with multiple interventions for patients with lumbar disc herniation: a multicenter randomized controlled trial of non-inferiority
Authors: Huang Xiaonan , Huang Lele , Shi Lei , Xu Lifan , Cao Chengbing , Wu Heng , Cao Min , Lv Can , Shi Ping , Zhang Guohui , Fang Fanfu
Published: January 2025

Background

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) occurs when the nucleus pulposus or annulus fibrosus protrudes into the intervertebral space, potentially compressing nerve roots and causing symptoms such as sciatica, restricted mobility, and lower extremity weakness. The development of portable lumbar exoskeleton devices offers a new approach, combining traction, range of motion (ROM) exercises, and resistance training in a single system, potentially reducing treatment complexity and enhancing LDH patient outcomes.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel lumbar exoskeleton device compared to traditional traction methods combined with rehabilitation therapy for patients with LDH.

Methods

A multicenter, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted with 118 participants diagnosed with LDH. Participants were randomly assigned to the Exoskeleton Group or the Traction Group. The Exoskeleton Group used the novel device for traction, ROM, and resistance training, while the Traction Group underwent traditional traction and rehabilitation therapy. Outcomes included efficacy rate after 10 treatments, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and lumbar ROM—were assessed at 3, 6, and 10 treatments.

Results

A total of 118 eligible participants were recruited. After 10 treatments, both groups showed significant improvements in VAS scores, ODI, and lumbar ROM compared to baseline (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the overall efficacy rate between the two groups (P = 0.748).

Conclusion

The novel lumbar exoskeleton device demonstrates comparable efficacy and safety to traditional traction therapy combined with rehabilitation, offering a promising alternative for the conservative treatment of LDH.
In silico modelling of organ-on-a-chip devices: an overview
Authors: Wang Yue , Marucci Lucia , Homer Martin E.
Published: January 2025

An organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) is a microscale device designed to mimic the functions and complexity of in vivo human physiology. Different from traditional culture systems, OOACs are capable of replicating the biochemical microenvironment, tissue-tissue interactions, and mechanical dynamics of organs thanks to the precise control offered by microfluidic technology. Diverse OOAC devices specific to different organs have been proposed for experimental research and applications such as disease modelling, personalized medicine and drug screening. Previous studies have demonstrated that the mathematical modelling of OOAC can facilitate the optimization of chips’ microenvironments, serving as an essential tool to design and improve microdevices which allow reproducible growth of cell culture, reducing the time and cost of experimental testing. Here, we review recent modelling approaches for various OOAC devices, categorized according to the type of organs. We discuss the opportunities for integrating multiphysics with multicellular computational models to better characterize and predict cell culture dynamics. Additionally, we explore how developing more detailed OOAC models would support a more rapid and effective development of microdevices, and the design of robust protocols to grow and control cell cultures.
Unveiling the seismic sensitivity of the Himalayan tunnels: a comprehensive assessment through analytical and numerical exploration of P-wave dynamics
Authors: Ansari Abdullah , Mandhaniya Pranjal , Malik Bilal Ahmad
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the seismic sensitivity of tunnels in the Jammu Region (JR) of the northwestern Himalayas, a region characterized by significant seismic activity and complex geological conditions. The research combined both analytical and numerical approaches to assess the influence of site conditions, tunnel lining, and reinforcement properties on tunnel resilience. A key objective is to develop a more reliable seismic assessment method by adopting a P-wave-based approach, which is particularly suitable for mountainous tunnels prone to landslides. The study identified three seismic hazard zones, with peak ground accelerations (PGA) ranging from less than 0.3 g to greater than 0.5 g, providing vulnerability aspects. The major outcomes of this study include guidelines for the design and retrofitting of sustainable and resilient underground structures in the Himalayas, with broader implications for global projects in seismically active and geologically complex regions. The methodologies and insights can be applied to infrastructure projects worldwide, enhancing the safety of communities living in vulnerable areas. This work aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in promoting resilient infrastructure and sustainable development, contributing to both structural resilience and the geological safety of the Himalayan region.
Biophysical aspects of mechanotransduction in cells and their physiological/biological implications in vocal fold vibration: a narrative review
Authors: Cha Junseo , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: January 2025

Mechanotransduction is a crucial property in all organisms, modulating cellular behaviors in response to external mechanical stimuli. Given the high mobility of vocal folds, it is hypothesized that mechanotransduction significantly contributes to their tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have identified mechanosensitive proteins in vocal fold epithelia, supporting this hypothesis. Voice therapy, which, involves the mobilization of vocal folds, aims to rehabilitate vocal function and restore homeostasis. However, establishing a direct causal link between specific mechanical stimuli and therapeutic benefits is challenging due to the variability in voice therapy techniques. This challenge is further compounded when investigating biological benefits in humans. Vocal fold tissue cannot be biopsied without significant impairment of the vibratory characteristics of the vocal folds. Conversely, studies using vocal fold mimetic bioreactors have demonstrated that mechanical stimulation of vocal fold fibroblasts can lead to highly heterogeneous responses, depending on the nature and parameters of the induced vibration. These responses can either aid or impede vocal fold vibration at the physiological level. Future research is needed to determine the specific mechanical parameters that are biologically beneficial for vocal fold function.
The immunological landscape of CCL26High invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Lingyun , Guan Shuo , Xue Yizhuo , He Yijia , Ding Liang , Fu Yong , Chen Sheng , Wang Zhiyong , Wang Yi
Published: January 2025

Background

Our previous study demonstrated that CCL26 secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) promoted the invasive phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however, more comprehensive clinical expression patterns of CCL26 and its role in immunotherapy remains ambiguous.

Methods

CCL26 levels in different cancer and normal tissues were analyzed and validated in 67 OSCC patients through immunohistochemical staining (IHC). The clinical spatial distribution pattern of CCL26 in tumor microenvironment was determined, and its clinical outcomes were investigated. We also determined the invasive phenotype of tumor cells with distinct CCL26 level and explored its immune checkpoint and immunocytes relevance by differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, GSEA, and GO analysis. We collected peripheral blood from 28 OSCC patients to assess the percentage and absolute number of lymphocytes by flow cytometry.

Results

CCL26 was upregulated in HNSC and preferentially high-expressed on CAFs and tumor cells in OSCC patients, which exhibits a trend toward decreased overall survival. CCL26high OSCC had a characteristic of tumor invasive phenotype with upregulated CLDN8/20 and reduced keratin KRT36, which was significantly associated with EMT markers (CDH1, CDH2, VIM, SNAI2). In addition, CCL26high OSCC was found to be associated with immunoglobulin mediated immune response, B cell mediated immunity et al. Indeed, immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, PD-L2, et al.) also decreased in CCL26high OSCC. However, CCL26 did not affect T/B/NK lymphocytes in peripheral blood of OSCC patients.

Conclusion

CCL26 could regulate Immune balance and promote invasiveness of OSCC, which gave a new insight into a potential immunotherapy strategy.
Lyophilized human platelet lysate: manufacturing, quality control, and application
Authors: Wendland Kerstin , Koblin Lea , Stobbe Dirk , Dahms Anna , Singer Debora , Bekeschus Sander , Wesche Jan , Schoon Janosch , Aurich Konstanze
Published: January 2025

Background

A significant number of platelet concentrates (PCs) is discarded daily in blood banks due to limited shelf life. Human platelet lysate (HPL), derived from expired PCs, has gained attention as an ethical and sustainable cell culture media supplement in biomedical research and cell therapy production. However, HPL is subject to decisive disadvantages such as batch differences and lack of storage stability. To overcome these limitations and to enhance the applicability of HPL, we developed an HPL manufacturing protocol including a lyophilization process. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of HPL lyophilization on parameters of quality control, including growth factor concentrations and the culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs).

Methods

We performed a paired comparison of six batches of HPL and lyophilized HPL (L-HPL) regarding the quality parameters pH, total protein, osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride concentration. Concentrations of 11 growth factors and cytokines were compared between HPL and L-HPL. Additionally, we determined cell yield, proliferation capacity, viability and trilineage differentiation potential of hMSCs following expansion in HPL- and L-HPL-supplemented cell culture media.

Results

Quantification of the quality parameters revealed non-altered pH, osmolality and potassium concentrations and slightly lower total protein, sodium and chloride concentrations of L-HPL compared to HPL. Growth factor and cytokine concentrations did not differ between HPL and L-HPL. Cell yield, division cycles and viability of hMSCs cultured in either HPL- or L-HPL-containing media were comparable. Cells differentiated in medium containing L-HPL showed a slightly higher capacity for osteogenic differentiation, while adipogenic differentiation and chondrogenic differentiation potentials remained unchanged.

Conclusion

We successfully developed a method to produce well-applicable L-HPL. The comparison of L-HPL with HPL did not reveal any relevant differences regarding quality control parameters of routine testing, growth factor concentrations and hMSC functionality, demonstrating the suitability of L-HPL as a cell culture supplement. These results emphasize the potential of L-HPL as a sustainable and ethical alternative to animal-derived serum products in biomedical research and drug development.
Human-based complex in vitro models: their promise and potential for rare disease therapeutics
Authors: Parvatam Surat , Pistollato Francesca , Marshall Lindsay J. , Furtmann Fabia , Jahagirdar Devashree , Chakraborty Choudhury Mohua , Mohanty Sujata , Mittal Harshita , Meganathan Saveetha , Mishra Rakesh
Published: January 2025

Rare diseases affect a small percentage of an individual country’s population; however, with over 7,000 in total, rare diseases represent a significant disease burden impacting up to 10% of the world’s population. Despite this, there are no approved treatments for almost 95% of rare diseases, and the existing treatments are cost-intensive for the patients. More than 70% of rare diseases are genetic in nature, with patient-specific mutations. This calls for the need to have personalised and patient-specific preclinical models that can lead to effective, speedy, and affordable therapeutic options. Complex in vitro models (CIVMs), including those using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), organoids, and organs-on-chips are emerging as powerful human-based pre-clinical systems with the capacity to provide efficacy data enabling drugs to move into clinical trials. In this narrative review, we discuss how CIVMs are providing insights into biomedical research on rare diseases. We also discuss how these systems are being used in clinical trials to develop efficacy models for rare diseases. Finally, we propose recommendations on how human relevant CIVMs could be leveraged to increase translatability of basic, applied and nonclinical research outcomes in the field of rare disease therapeutics in developed as well as middle-and low-income countries.
Genome drafting of nosocomial infection CRE Klebsiella pneumoniae confirming resistance to colistin and eravacycline, carrying blaNDM-1, mcr-1, and blaKPC-2, in neonatology from November to December 2023
Authors: Zhou Xinlong , Wagh Kailash , Lv Guizhen , Sharma Devender , Lei Wei
Published: January 2025

Background

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a critical pathogen in healthcare settings, associated with high mortality due to its extensive antibiotic resistance. In this study, we report an outbreak of CRKP in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within a 200-bed tertiary hospital. The main goal of this study was to characterize the phenotypic and genomic profiles of the CRKP isolates involved in the outbreak and to gain insights into their resistance mechanisms and transmission dynamics within the NICU.

Methods

The study was conducted between November and December 2023 in a 5-bed NICU. Monthly surveillance cultures were performed to monitor colonization and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms. CRKP isolates were obtained from blood and nasal swabs of affected neonates. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were initially conducted using the Vitek®2 system with an N-395 card and further confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiling were performed to identify resistance genes and virulence factors. For genetic analysis, both Illumina short-read and Nanopore long-read sequencing were used, followed by hybrid assembly for enhanced genome resolution. Plasmid and resistance gene profiles were determined using AMRFinder and PlasmidFinder databases.

Results

A total of three CRKP isolates (designated Kp1, Kp2, and Kp3) were identified. Kp1 and Kp2 belonged to sequence type (ST) ST23 and were genetically near-identical, differing by a single allele, while Kp3 was of a distinct sequence type, ST2096, with 245 allelic differences from Kp1 and Kp2. All isolates were resistant to colistin and carried resistance genes, including mcr-1 and blaNDM-1,blaKPC2 confirming carbapenem resistance. Efflux pump genes and aminoglycoside resistance genes were also detected, providing a multifaceted defence against antibiotics. Plasmid analysis identified several incompatibility groups (IncFI, IncHI, IncFIB, IncX), indicating the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants.

Conclusion

This study highlights the complexity of CRKP outbreaks in neonatal care, with isolates exhibiting resistance mechanisms that complicate treatment. The plasmid profiles suggest these strains are reservoirs for multidrug-resistant genes, emphasizing the need for strict infection control and ongoing genomic surveillance. For neonatal care, these resistance challenges increase the risk of treatment failures and mortality, underscoring the importance of enhanced infection prevention and novel therapeutic strategies.
Drones outperform dogs for hazing bears: a comparison of carnivore aversive conditioning tools
Authors: Sarmento Wesley M.
Published: January 2025

Human-wildlife conflict can result in harm to people and their livelihoods, and frequently ends in reduced tolerance for species and/or removal of animals. Resolving and preventing conflict is essential for conserving carnivore populations. Here I conducted a six-year study of the efficacy of non-lethal hazing tools to deter grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) away from people on the prairies of North-Central Montana. I tested a new technology, drones, and traditional methods of hazing bears including dogs, projectiles, and vehicular pursuit. These various hazing techniques were successful at stopping undesirable bear behaviors and caused a significant increase in avoidance behavior and distance to human infrastructure. Results from these 163 hazing events suggest aversive conditioning may have occurred over longer time scales as older bears required less hazing and hazing events decreased over each calendar year. Drones outperformed other hazing techniques where the odds of a pursuit of a bear being possible increased 127% relative to vehicular chasing due to accessibility issues. Relative to vehicular pursuit, dogs required high maintenance and had an 86% reduction in the odds a hazing event would be successful relative to vehicular pursuit. Grizzlies fled to locations that were farther from roads and human development. Hazing tools were effective for immediately resolving complaints and preventing further conflicts.
Exploring the association between tissue sodium content, heart failure subtypes, and symptom burden: insights from magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hashemi Djawid , Weiß Karl Jakob , Doeblin Patrick , Blum Moritz , Tanacli Radu , Camdzic Hana , Düngen Hans-Dirk , Edelmann Frank , Kuehne Titus , Kelm Marcus , Kelle Sebastian
Published: January 2025

Aims

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, influenced significantly by sodium balance. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a non-invasive method to evaluate tissue sodium load in HF patients. This proof-of-principle study investigates the association between tissue sodium content, assessed by MRI, and HF-related baseline parameters in an outpatient cohort of patients with chronic heart failure, including those with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods and results

This prospective study included 29 HF patients (10 HFpEF, 12 HFmrEF, and 7 HFrEF) recruited from two centers in Berlin, Germany. Patients underwent MRI to assess tissue sodium content in the lower extremity. Tissue sodium content was analyzed in relation to baseline HF parameters, including renal function, natriuretic peptide levels, clinical signs of congestion, diuretic use, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. No significant differences in tissue sodium content were observed between the three HF entities. Sodium values did not differ significantly with clinical signs of congestion or diuretic use. No significant correlations were found between tissue sodium content and renal function (eGFR) or natriuretic peptide levels (NT-proBNP) in any HF group overall. However, explorative analyses showed a positive correlation between free (r = 0.79, p = 0.036) and total (r = 0.79, p = 0.036) tissue sodium content in the skin and NT-proBNP levels in HFrEF patients, but not in HFmrEF and HFpEF. Similarly, there was a correlation between kidney function and both free (r = −0.64, p = 0.025) and total (r = −0.61, p = 0.035) skin sodium in patients with edema and no prior use of loop diuretics, but no correlation for kidney function and both free and total skin sodium in symptomatic patients with established diuretic therapy or asymptomatic patients with no diuretic therapy.

Conclusion

Our findings provide exploratory insights into the potential diagnostic value of tissue sodium content in HF, particularly in HFrEF patients. With findings showing an association of tissue sodium content with NT-proBNP levels in HFrEF patients and with kidney function in edema patients without prior loop diuretic use, further research is needed to understand the role of tissue sodium content in HF pathophysiology and its potential diagnostic and prognostic implications.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), registration number (DRKS00015615).
Attitudes toward artificial intelligence and robots in healthcare in the general population: a qualitative study
Authors: Smoła Paulina , Młoźniak Iwona , Wojcieszko Monika , Zwierczyk Urszula , Kobryn Mateusz , Rzepecka Elżbieta , Duplaga Mariusz
Published: January 2025

Background

The growth of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic solutions in healthcare is accompanied by high expectations for improved efficiency and quality of services. However, the use of such technologies can be a source of anxiety for patients whose expectations and experiences with such technology differ from medical staff's. This study assessed attitudes toward AI and robots in delivering health services and performing various tasks in medicine and related fields in Polish society.

Methods

50 semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with participants of diversified socio-demographic profiles. The interviewees were initially recruited for the interviews in a convenience sample; then, the process was continued using the snowballing technique. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022 program (release 22.7.0). An interpretative approach to qualitative content analysis was applied to the responses to the research questions.

Results

The analysis of interviews yielded three main themes: positive and negative perceptions of the use of AI and robots in healthcare and ontological concerns about AI, which went beyond objections about the usefulness of the technology. Positive attitudes toward AI and robots were associated with overall higher trust in technology, the need to adequately respond to demographic challenges, and the conviction that AI and robots can lower the workload of medical personnel. Negative attitudes originated from convictions regarding unreliability and the lack of proper technological and political control over AI; an equally important topic was the inability of artificial entities to feel and express emotions. The third theme was that the potential interaction with machines equipped with human-like traits was a source of insecurity.

Conclusions

The study showed that patients' attitudes toward AI and robots in healthcare vary according to their trust in technology, their recognition of urgent problems in healthcare (staff workload, time of diagnosis), and their beliefs regarding the reliability and functioning of new technologies. Emotional concerns about contact with artificial entities looking or performing like humans are also important to respondents' attitudes.
Acupuncture mediates the “gut–testis axis” to improve asthenozoospermia
Authors: Hao Jianheng , Xu Huichao , Chang Boya , Ren Jia , Wang Haijun , Ji Laixi
Published: January 2025

Background

Asthenozoospermia is a common cause of male infertility. Studies have shown that sperm quality and motility are affected by the gut–testis axis that can regulate testicular metabolism and function through the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Acupuncture is an important modality of complementary and alternative medicine. It can improve sperm motility, but it remains unclear whether acupuncture can enhance sperm vitality by influencing the gut–testis axis.

Methods

In this study, sperm quality, testicular pathology, and serum hormone levels were assessed using a cyclophosphamide-induced mouse model. Real-time PCR, a western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence techniques were used to assess the effects of acupuncture on the gut barrier and blood–testis barrier functions. In addition, gut microbiome and metabolomics were used to study the impact of acupuncture on the gut microbiota structure, serum, and testicular metabolites in asthenozoospermic mice. Further validation was obtained by performing a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

Results

Acupuncture improved the sperm quality; ameliorated testicular pathology; increased serum testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels; and repaired gut and blood–testis barrier damage in asthenozoospermic mice. The abundances of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Faecalibaculum, and Dubosiella were associated with sperm motility, as shown by a gut microbiome analysis. Serum metabolomics revealed that differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), such as cytosine and N-oleyl-leucine, were closely related to sperm motility. Testicular metabolomics analysis revealed DEMs, such as 5-fluorouridine and 1-acetylimidazole, were also associated with sperm motility. Furthermore, reproductive function improvements in asthenozoospermic mice through acupuncture were achieved via an FMT.

Conclusion

Acupuncture may alleviate asthenozoospermia symptoms by modulating the gut–testis axis and repairing the gut–testis barrier.
Advances in water splitting and lithium-ion batteries: pioneering sustainable energy storage and conversion technologies
Authors: Hashmi Syeda Maria , Noor Shah , Parveen Warda
Published: January 2025

The global energy landscape is currently facing an unprecedented crisis. To address these difficulties, it is vital to create efficient and reliable energy storage and converting technologies. This review discusses the two important technologies; Water Splitting and Li-ion batteries for energy storage. Lithium-ion battery revolutionised convenient devices and electric motors with their higher energy-density, prolonged efficiency, and decreasing costs. Concurrently, Water splitting offers a pathway for hydrogen generation a clean fuel with high energy density, through electrolysis process. In this analysis, we will explore at the most recent breakthroughs, as well as the latest materials and catalysts, boosting the productivity and economic viability of water splitting. Electrode materials, electrolytes, and battery architectures that enhance performance and safety for Li-ion batteries are discussed. The integration of these technologies within renewable energy systems, highlighting their complementary roles in achieving carbon neutrality are also addressed in this review. We underscore the critical importance of water splitting and lithium-ion batteries in the sustainable energy landscape, through a comprehensive analysis of current research and future directions.
Digital government and carbon emissions: evidence from China
Authors: Yi Junling
Published: January 2025

With the continuous modernization of national governance, the role of digital government construction in environmental protection and sustainable development has become increasingly prominent. This study explores the intrinsic link between digital government construction and carbon emissions and the mechanism of its influence based on 30 provincial-level panel data in China from 2017 to 2021. The study finds that digital government construction can significantly suppress carbon emissions, and this conclusion still holds after considering endogeneity issues and after multiple robustness tests. The study further reveals that digital government can inhibit carbon emissions through the internal mechanism of promoting industrial structure upgrading and green technology innovation. In addition, the inhibiting effect of digital government on carbon emissions is more pronounced in eastern and central provinces, provinces with higher levels of government transparency, higher levels of digital government development, and higher intensity of environmental regulation. This study provides an important reference for understanding the role of digital government construction in promoting green development and achieving carbon emission reduction targets.
Quantifying the human wellbeing of the national wetland park: gross ecosystem product accounting of Shandong Mata Lake National Wetland Park
Authors: Liu Jian , Xu Meng , Wang Ailing , Sun Tianxu , Zhang Chuntao , Chen Xue , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2025

National wetland parks, characterized by robust ecological functions, distinctive natural landscapes, and abundant cultural resources significantly enhance human wellbeing, serve as crucial providers of ecosystem products, and exert substantial influence on local socioeconomic development and ecological conservation. There is an urgent need to carry out the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) accounting and monetize the value of ecosystem products. Taking the Shandong Mata Lake National Wetland Park (SMTNWP) in China as the example, and considering the characteristics of wetland parks, this research constructed the GEP accounting index system comprising 11 secondary subjects from the perspectives of regulation and socio-cultural functions. Taking the year 2021 as the research period, the monetary value was assessed based on biophysical value accounting, and the GEP level was determined. The results showed that the GEP of SMTNWP in 2021 is CNY 74.8317 million, with a unit area GEP of 73,200 CNY/hm2. Regulating ecosystem products constitute the core component of GEP, facilitating the sustainable development of wetland conservation and restoration, as well as eco-cultural tourism. Moving forward, efforts in wetland protection, restoration and maintenance should be sustained, and the platforms for promotion, education and scientific research should be proactively established. The research results can offer support and references for the establishment of unified accounting subjects and systems for similar ecosystems and national wetland parks, and translate the human wellbeing of national wetland parks into visual monetization, providing theoretical basis for the government to realize the value of ecosystem products, and further promoting the conversion of ecological value into economic benefits.
Assessing and optimizing the potential for climate change mitigation and carbon sequestration in urban residential green spaces: energizing sustainable cities
Authors: Liu Hancheng , Zhang Jialong , Wang Zijun
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Urban green spaces play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study aimed to evaluate the carbon sequestration potential of common plant species in urban residential areas and provide recommendations for optimizing green space design and management.

Methods

The research was conducted in four residential areas of Nanjing, China, where key growth parameters of 20 plant species, including evergreen trees, deciduous trees, evergreen shrubs, and deciduous shrubs, were measured. The assimilation method was employed to calculate carbon sequestration per unit canopy area and for entire plants.

Results

The results showed that the carbon sequestration capacities of different plant species and types exhibited significant differences, with p-values less than 0.05. In terms of daily carbon sequestration per unit canopy projection area, the ranking was as follows: evergreen trees > evergreen shrubs > deciduous trees > deciduous shrubs. For total plant carbon sequestration, the ranking was: evergreen trees > deciduous trees > evergreen shrubs > deciduous shrubs. Evergreen trees performed excellently in both carbon sequestration metrics, with the average daily carbon sequestration per unit canopy projection area and for the entire plant being 18.0024 g/(m2·d) and 462.28 g/d, respectively. The study also observed seasonal variations, with carbon sequestration rates being higher in autumn and summer compared to spring and winter. During the summer, the average daily carbon sequestration per unit canopy projection area and for the entire plant were 11.975 g/(m2·d) and 161.744 g/d, respectively, while in autumn, these values were 13.886 g/(m2·d) and 98.458 g/d. Seasonal variations were also observed, with autumn and summer exhibiting higher carbon sequestration rates compared to spring and winter. Additionally, CO2 concentrations were monitored across the four residential areas, providing insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of carbon sequestration.

Discussion

Based on the findings, optimization strategies were proposed, such as prioritizing the selection and integration of high-performing evergreen tree species in urban green space design and incorporating diverse plant types to enhance year-round carbon sequestration. This study contributes to the development of sustainable urban planning and landscape management practices, promoting the role of green spaces in mitigating climate change and enhancing urban resilience.