bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Digital Twin of Practical Network Training of Clothing Design Specialty Based on Virtual Fitting Room Software
Authors: Zhou Zhuguo
Published: December 2022

Through the statistics of digital twin related documents in the WebofScience core collection database, the bibliometric research method is adopted, and the observation points are the number of published papers and the distribution of documents, the cooperation between authors and research institutions, document citations, and the co-occurrence of keywords. This paper also designs a non-parametric anthropometric graph convolutional neural network that does not depend on any parametric body model, only needs to input a body mask image and a small number of anthropometric dimensions to explicitly predict the 3D body vertex coordinates. More than 95% of consumers have a strong desire to try 3D virtual fittings, 80% of consumers support the establishment of virtual fitting rooms in physical stores, and more than 60% of the respondents expressed their willingness to upload their own photos or human body data to construct the efficient model.
Recent Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Network Considering Big Data Methods
Authors: Xu Wu
Published: December 2022

Recent applications of artificial intelligence in computer network consider big data methods is studied in this research. The development of computer network technology has also been better developed and used globally because of its high performance and many development advantages. The biggest advantage of artificial intelligence technology is to be able to dig and analyze data better, to be able to analyze different users finely, so as to better assist in decision-making. Therefore, this paper discusses the novel suggestions for the AI based model.
Research on Key Technologies of 3D Rendering Algorithm in Urban Architecture Design
Authors: Sifeng Tang
Published: December 2022

With the rapid development of 3D rendering technology, the country attaches great importance to the strategic significance of the "digital city", and the emergence of high-performance mobile devices has given the mobile terminal 3D city visualization technology a broad development prospect and strong technical support. Based on the Android mobile platform, this paper studies the key technologies of 3D city visualization. Focus on the establishment of 3D city models, 3D data organization, and the use of their respective advantages in 2D and 3D to realize the linkage display of 2D and 3D city scenes, and realize the multi-resolution display of 3D cities through the streamlining of building models and the study of model selection strategies. The final design realizes the mobile terminal 3D city visualization interactive system.
Effect of Group Games Integrated Into Classroom Teaching on Improving Sense of Acquisition Of College Students' Ideological And Political Courses—Taking The Course "Ideology, Morality and the Rule of Law" as an Example
Authors: Sun Minyu
Published: December 2022

Effect of group games integrated into classroom teaching on improving sense of acquisition of college students' ideological and political course is studied and we take the course "Ideology, Morality and the Rule of Law" as an example for the comprehensive study. The "morality and law" course integrates ideological and also political education and moral cultivation education, with Marxism and socialism with Chinese characteristics as the spiritual core. This paper integrates the novel group games integrated into classroom teaching on improving sense of acquisition of college students' ideological and political courses, the discussions are further considered to provide the suggestions.
Pleasure of Fulfilling the Aspect as Parents between Mother and Father
Authors: Haritha Y. D. , Bilquis .
Published: December 2022

Parenting is a concept of raising children in a prompt way. Good parenting is involving their children in all kind of tasks so that children can learn good and positive things in an appropriate way. Both mother and father have equal responsibility in raising the children. Parents become successful when their children grow-up with good discipline, and no dependency on parents or anyothers. In this context, a study is undertaken to study the pleasure of fulfilling the aspect as parents between mother and father. The sample of 60 parents (30 mothers and 30 fathers) were interviewed using the developed schedule on their aspect performance. The results revealed that mother’s aspect or part was high in spending sufficient time with the children, providing nourishment to the children, ensuring the psychological wellbeing of the children. Father’s aspect or part was high in being dedicated parent financially, maintaining positive relationships with children in providing knowledge about society. Both parents (mother and father) were found to be equally involved in educating children with good morals and values.
Mature Wistar Rats' Spleen and Liver Histomorphological Changes Related to the Duration of Atrazine Exposure
Authors: Odi Praise Ajiri , Udi Onoriode Andrew , Chris-Ozoko Lilia Ebeye , Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo
Published: December 2022

Background: Spleen and liver is secondary lymphoid organ that is highly sensitive to different chemicals. Widespread use of pesticides in agriculture has always been a matter of concern.  And surprisingly, atrazine distinguishes out for being used more frequently among numerous harmful pesticides. As a result, long term exposure to atrazine and other pesticides is thought to produce metabolic abnormalities; however, little is known about how atrazine affects the spleen and liver and how this relates to its histo-achitectural structure.

Aim: The histopathology of the spleen and liver from rats exposed to atrazine was the subject of our investigation.

Materials and Methods: Twenty male wistar rats ranging from 150-200g were acclimated to laboratory conditions for 14 days, following which they were randomly assigned into 4 groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 of 5 animals each based on average body weight. Groups (2-4) were administered atrazine via oral route corresponding to 1237 mg/kg (20/5 LD50), 618 mg/kg (10/5 LD50) and 309 mg/Kg/body weight (1/10 LD50) for 7, 14 and 30 days, while group I (control) received distilled water orally using orogastric canula for 30 days . The liver and spleen from each group of rats were harvested, weighed, and fixed in 10% buffered formal saline fixative before being taken for histological examination 24 hours following the experimental periods of oral administration of the extract.

Results: At the end of the experiment, the histological findings showed increased and numerous area of the white pulp of spleen from rats exposed to atrazine as compared to that from the control. The relative area of germinal centre in the structure of the splenic lymph follicles of rats exposed to atrazine also revealed increased. Also, Histo-pathologically, the liver showed necrotic hepatic cells and congested central vein, with the highest atrazine concentration causing the most adverse effects.

Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that rats exposed to high-dose of atrazine led to hypertrophy of white pulp of the spleen and hepatic cell damage with liver. From this we concluded that both organ are highly sensitive to the debilitating effects of atrazine.
Correlation between Corneal Biomechanics and Lamina Cribrosa Curvature in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Shalaby Alaa Mohamed Abd Elhameed , Shalaby Said Mohamad , Shaheen Mohamed Abd El-Fatah , Nassar El Sayed Abbas
Published: December 2022

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This condition is distinguished by progressive optic neuropathy, excavation of the optic disc, and characteristic visual field abnormalities. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor. Due to the same collagen makeup of the cornea and sclera, the cornea and lamina cribrosa (LC) may have similar biomechanical qualities. In the present study. This study aimed to establish the association between corneal biomechanical parameters and LC curvature in POAG-affected eyes.

Methods: This prospective comparative cross-sectional investigation was conducted on sixty eyes at the Tanta University ophthalmology department. There were 30 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma and 30 eyes with normal age, gender, and refraction. The corneal biomechanical parameters applanation 1 length and velocity (A1L, A1V), applanation 2 length and velocity (A2L, A2V), peak distance (PD), the radius of curvature (R), and deformation amplitude (DA) were measured using a non-contact Scheimpflug-based tonometer (corvids ST). LC curvature was determined by measuring the LC curvature index (LCCI) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography B-scan pictures (OCT). The data were gathered and analyzed using a suitable statistical tool.

Results: Mean A1V was significantly lower (P=0.027) in the POAG group (0.13 ± 0.02 m/sec) than the control groupn(0.14 ± 0.01 m/sec). PD was significantly increased (P=0.05) in the POAG group (4.30± 0.54 mm) than the control group (3.99± 0.66 mm). R was significantly higher (P=0.004) in the POAG group (7.90± 0.93 mm) than in the control group (7.14± 1.04 mm). DA was significantly lower (P<0.001) in the POAG group (0.95± 0.06 mm) than in the control group (1.11± 0.02 mm). LCCI was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the POAG group (10.69 ± 1.77) than in the control group (6.90 ± 0.93). LCCI showed a positive significant correlation with PD and R and a negative significant correlation with DA.

Conclusions: The corneas of POAG eyes were less deformed than those of normal controls. In POAG patients, corneas with less deformability were related to a more posteriorly bent LC. This result may explain why corneal biomechanics may be utilized to evaluate and predict glaucoma risk and progression. Corvis ST is a novel non-contact tonometer that allows for simple estimation of corneal biomechanics and should be used routinely in patient monitoring.
Transcriptomic pan‐cancer analysis using rank‐based Bayesian inference
Authors: Vitelli Valeria , Fleischer Thomas , Ankill Jørgen , Arjas Elja , Frigessi Arnoldo , Kristensen Vessela N. , Zucknick Manuela
Published: December 2022

The analysis of whole genomes of pan‐cancer data sets provides a challenge for researchers, and we contribute to the literature concerning the identification of robust subgroups with clear biological interpretation. Specifically, we tackle this unsupervised problem via a novel rank‐based Bayesian clustering method. The advantages of our method are the integration and quantification of all uncertainties related to both the input data and the model, the probabilistic interpretation of final results to allow straightforward assessment of the stability of clusters leading to reliable conclusions, and the transparent biological interpretation of the identified clusters since each cluster is characterized by its top‐ranked genomic features. We applied our method to RNA‐seq data from cancer samples from 12 tumor types from the Cancer Genome Atlas. We identified a robust clustering that mostly reflects tissue of origin but also includes pan‐cancer clusters. Importantly, we identified three pan‐squamous clusters composed of a mix of lung squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous carcinoma, and bladder cancer, with different biological functions over‐represented in the top genes that characterize the three clusters. We also found two novel subtypes of kidney cancer that show different prognosis, and we reproduced known subtypes of breast cancer. Taken together, our method allows the identification of robust and biologically meaningful clusters of pan‐cancer samples.
JAK–STAT signalling shapes the NF‐κB response in CLL towards venetoclax sensitivity or resistance via Bcl‐XL
Authors: Haselager Marco V. , Thijssen Rachel , Bax Danique , Both Demi , De Boer Francien , Mackay Simon , Dubois Julie , Mellink Clemens , Kater Arnon P. , Eldering Eric
Published: December 2022

Preventing or overcoming resistance to the Bcl‐2 inhibitor venetoclax is an emerging unmet clinical need in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The upregulation of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 members through signalling pathways within the tumor microenvironment appears as a major factor leading to resistance to venetoclax. Previously, we reported that T cells can drive resistance through CD40 and non‐canonical NF‐κB activation and subsequent Bcl‐XL induction. Moreover, the T cell‐derived cytokines IL‐21 and IL‐4 differentially affect Bcl‐XL expression and sensitivity to venetoclax via unknown mechanisms. Here, we mechanistically dissected how Bcl‐XL is regulated in the context of JAK–STAT signalling in primary CLL. First, we demonstrated a clear antagonistic role of IL‐21/STAT3 signalling in the NF‐κB‐mediated expression of Bcl‐XL, whereas IL‐4/STAT6 further promoted the expression of Bcl‐XL. In comparison, Bfl‐1, another NF‐κB target, was not differentially affected by either cytokine. Second, STAT3 and STAT6 affected Bcl‐XL transcription by binding to its promoter without disrupting the DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB. Third, in situ proximity ligation assays (isPLAs) indicated crosstalk between JAK–STAT signalling and NF‐κB, in which STAT3 inhibited canonical NF‐κB by accelerating nuclear export, and STAT6 promoted non‐canonical NF‐κB. Finally, NF‐κB inducing kinase (NIK) inhibition interrupted the NF‐κB/STAT crosstalk and resensitized CLL cells to venetoclax. In conclusion, we uncovered distinct crosstalk mechanisms that shape the NF‐κB response in CLL towards venetoclax sensitivity or resistance via Bcl‐XL, thereby revealing new potential therapeutic targets.
ALKBH1‐mediated m1A demethylation of METTL3mRNA promotes the metastasis of colorectal cancer by downregulating SMAD7 expression
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Wang Hao , Mi Shuyi , Shao Liming , Xu Zhipeng , Xue Meng
Published: December 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and the main cause of death from CRC is tumor metastasis. m1A RNA modification plays critical role in many biological processes. However, the role of m1A modification in CRC remains unclear. Here, we find that the m1A demethylase alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase (ALKBH1) is overexpressed in CRC and is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Upregulation of ALKBH1 expression promotes CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, knockdown of ALKBH1 results in a decrease in methyltransferase 3, N6‐adenosine‐methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3) expression, probably due to m1A modification of METTL3 mRNA, followed by m6A demethylation of SMAD family member 7 (SMAD7) mRNA. In addition, downregulation of SMAD7 establishes an aggressive phenotype. More importantly, the cell migration and invasion defects caused by ALKBH1 depletion or METTL3 depletion are significantly reversed by SMAD7 silencing. Considering these results collectively, we propose that ALKBH1 promotes CRC metastasis by destabilizing SMAD7 through METTL3.
YB‐1 regulates mesothelioma cell migration via snail but not EGFR, MMP1, EPHA5 or PARK2
Authors: Schelch Karin , Eder Sebastian , Zitta Benjamin , Phimmachanh Monica , Johnson Thomas G. , Emminger Dominik , Wenninger‐Weinzierl Andrea , Sturtzel Caterina , Poplimont Hugo , Ries Alexander , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Hoda Mir A. , Berger Walter , Distel Martin , Dome Balazs , Reid Glen , Grusch Michael
Published: December 2022

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is characterized by rapid growth, local invasion, and limited therapeutic options. The multifunctional oncoprotein Y‐box‐binding protein‐1 (YB‐1) is frequently overexpressed in cancer and its inhibition reduces aggressive behavior in multiple tumor types. Here, we investigated the effects of YB‐1 on target gene regulation and PM cell behavior. Whereas siRNA‐mediated YB‐1 knockdown reduced cell motility, YB‐1 overexpression resulted in scattering, increased migration, and intravasation in vitro. Furthermore, YB‐1 stimulated PM cell spreading in zebrafish. Combined knockdown and inducible overexpression of YB‐1 allowed bidirectional control and rescue of cell migration, the pattern of which was closely followed by the mRNA and protein levels of EGFR and the protein level of snail, whereas the mRNA levels of MMP1, EPHA5, and PARK2 showed partial regulation by YB‐1. Finally, we identified snail as a critical regulator of YB‐1‐mediated cell motility in PM. This study provides insights into the mechanism underlying the aggressive nature of PM and highlights the important role of YB‐1 in this cancer. In this context, we found that YB‐1 closely regulates EGFR and snail, and, moreover, that YB‐1‐induced cell migration depends on snail.
Guide for determination of protein structural ensembles by combining cryo‐EM data with metadynamics
Authors: Brotzakis Z. Faidon
Published: December 2022

Metadynamics electron microscopy metaInference (MEMMI) is an integrative structural biology method that enables a rapid and accurate characterization of protein structural dynamics at the atomic level and the error in the cryo‐EM experimental data, even in cases where conformations are separated by high energy barriers. It achieves this by incorporating (a) cryo‐electron microscopy electron density maps with (b) metadynamic‐enhanced‐sampling molecular dynamics. Here, I showcase the setup and analysis protocol of MEMMI, used to discover the atomistic structural ensemble and error in the cryo‐EM electron density map of the fuzzy coat of IAPP, a fibril implicated in type II diabetes.
An open chat with…Simon Rayner
Authors: Tsagakis Ioannis , Rayner Simon
Published: December 2022

Simon Rayner joined the FEBS Open Bio Editorial Board in March 2022. Currently, he is Professor of Bioinformatics at Oslo University Hospital and the University of Oslo in Norway. He received a PhD in computational solid‐state physics from the University of East Anglia, in 1991, and served as a Lecturer at the Dept of Physics in the University of Texas before working as a Research Fellow at the McDermott Centre for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre at Dallas (UTSW). He went on to become Assistant Professor at the Depts of Biochemistry & Internal Medicine, UTSW before co‐founding BioAutomation Inc. where he developed DNA & RNA synthesis technology and was involved in the Human Genome Project. Simon is a CAS scholar and has also been a Professor of Bioinformatics at the Chinese Agricultural University in Beijing. Here, he tells us about his multi‐disciplinary career transitions, including experience working on three continents, and reflects on implementing open science and fair data.
Chang'an
Authors: Chapman Jesse J. , Nylan Michael
Published: December 2022

Han Chang'an, at its height nearly three times the size of Rome, was the capital of Western Han (206
bce
–9
ce
). (A 2
ce
register of the tax‐paying population puts nearly 700,000 people living in the Chang'an metropolitan area, though this was likely but a fraction of the total number of Chang'an residents, many of whom lived outside the city walls.) When newly founded, the walled capital consisted largely of two palace complexes built on the ruins of the Qin‐era traveling palaces. Soon additional palaces, markets, water systems, and broad, tree‐lined avenues were added. The site enjoyed excellent access to water, proximity to fertile agricultural lands, and natural fortifications, due to its location inside the Guanzhong Basin. Emperor Wu (r. 141–87
bce
) constructed several new palace complexes, built additional water infrastructure to transport goods, irrigate nearby lands, and increase the food and clean water supply available to the capital residents. Emperor Cheng's (r. 33–7
bce
) court established Chang'an as a fully ritualized city, for it relocated multiple local gods in cult sites at the capital. As regent, Wang Mang (r. 9
ce
–23
ce
) undertook to revise the pantheon to be worshiped in Chang'an, razed Emperor Wu's lavish Jianzhang Palace, and repurposed its materials to construct new ancestral temples. Ongoing archaeological discoveries and additional investigations into received and excavated texts continue to produce new knowledge about Chang'an.
Composition Engineering of Perovskite Single Crystals for High‐Performance Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Yunxia , Liu Yucheng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: December 2022

Composition engineering, with its advantages to effectively tune semiconductor properties by regulating chemical stoichiometry, is a proven strategy to boost the efficiency and stability of ABX3 perovskite photoelectronic devices. Compared with its counterpart polycrystalline perovskite film, single crystalline is the ideal model for exploring its fundamental scientific issues. In this review, a critical overview of recent advances of the growth strategies, properties, and functional applications of multicomponent perovskite single crystals (SCs) is presented. First, the underlying advantages of composition engineering of perovskite SCs are discussed and then the different composition tuning strategies, including A‐site, B‐site, X‐site, and simultaneous A‐ and X‐site engineering, are systematically summarized. Subsequently, the benefits of composition engineering are highlighted for optimizing photovoltaic and photoelectronic devices. Lastly, controversies and remaining challenges for the development of composition engineering of perovskite SCs are discussed and a brief perspective regarding further investigation in this field is provided.
Highly Sensitive Self‐Powered 2D Perovskite Photodiodes with Dual Interface Passivations
Authors: Ji Ting , Zhang Haibo , Guo Jiahao , Wang Yingkui , Shi Linlin , Wu Yukun , Wang Wenyan , Li Guohui , Wen Rong , Xiao Liantuan , Su Qingmei , Xu Bingshe , Chen Hongzheng , Cui Yanxia
Published: December 2022

2D perovskites have attracted intensive attention by virtue of their excellent optical and electrical properties along with good stabilities. Herein, a highly sensitive self‐powered photodiode based on (PEA)2(MA)4Pb5I16 (PEA=C6H5(CH2)NH3, MA=CH3NH3) 2D perovskite is demonstrated by dual interface passivations. The Al2O3 bottom passivation can reduce the pinhole defects in the 2D perovskite film and suppress the trap‐related recombination loss, bringing forward much reduced dark current and increased photocurrent. The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) top passivation can encapsulate the 2D perovskite film and thus improve the stability of the device. These results show that the 2D perovskite‐based photodiode with dual interface passivations exhibits a large photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 107, a fast response speed of 597 ns and a linear dynamic range of 160 dB without bias. Responsivity (R) and detectivity (D*) respectively reach 0.36 A W−1 and 5.4 × 1012 Jones under 532 nm laser illumination at a power density of 1.5 nW cm−2. Moreover, the dual interface passivated device exhibits good stabilities. This study paves the road for developing low‐cost, low‐power, solution processed image sensors.
Unveiling the Multiple Tumor‐Targeted Impairments of Covalent‐Organic Framework‐Switched Photothermal Shielding Nanoparticles
Authors: Qin Yanhui , Zhang Xiaoyi , Lächelt Ulrich , Huang Rongqin
Published: December 2022

Covalent organic framework (COF) receives great attention in biomedical applications due to its variable compositions and ordered structures. However, its targeted design to achieve desirable physiological functions especially for cancer treatments remains elusive. Herein, PEGylated COF with tumor‐specific TKD peptide modification is uniformly coated on photothermal mesoporous carbon nanospheres via polyethyleneimine‐mediated interface polymerization to construct a multifunctional core‐shell nanoparticle (OPCPT). Physicochemical studies demonstrate near infrared (NIR)‐blocking ability of the crystalline COF shells under physiological conditions, whereas COF is degraded under the acidic tumor microenvironments (TME). Subsequently, the nanoparticle charge is reversed and the COF monomers can produce 1O2/O2. As a result, OPCPT, activated in the TME due to the shell dissociation, penetrates deeply into tumors through positive charge‐mediated/lysosome rupture‐mediated transcytosis and recovers its NIR‐heating potential for tumor‐specific photothermal therapy. Moreover, the TME‐triggered 1O2 significantly depresses the lysosome autophagy via membrane destruction, and selectively damages the mitochondria to promote the cytochrome C release‐activated apoptosis and ATP deficiency‐inhibited tumor metastasis. Particularly, this unique O2 generation mechanism relieves the tumor hypoxia upon the reactive oxygen species therapy and downregulates hypoxia‐inducible factor and its downstream proteins, which all contribute to augmented tumor therapy. The findings represent a remarkable unveiling of the potential of COF‐based nanomaterials for extended biomedical applications.
Easy‐Cone Magnetic State Induced Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Low Driving Current in Spin‐Orbit Coupling 3D Magnetic Sensors
Authors: Su Wei , Hu Zhongqiang , Li Yaojin , Han Yongliang , Chen Yicheng , Wang Chenying , Jiang Zhuangde , He Zhexi , Wu Jingen , Zhou Ziyao , Wang Zhiguang , Liu Ming
Published: December 2022

Measurement of 3D vector magnetic field is of vital importance for the development of magnetic navigation, biomedical diagnosis, and microimaging. Traditional 3D magnetic sensors require cooperation of multiple sensors on three orthogonal planes, resulting in disadvantages of bulky size and low spatial resolution. Recently proposed spin orbit torque sensor based on ferromagnetic/heavy‐metal heterostructures can detect three magnetic field components individually due to the different symmetries of current‐polarity‐dependent magnetization dynamic. However, the large driving current density and complex driving procedure hinder their practical application, especially in AC magnetic field detection. Herein, 3D magnetic sensors with dramatically reduced driving current density are reported, one fifth of the original value, by exquisite engineering of the magnetic anisotropy in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures. With further reduced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, the sensor in the easy‐cone state demonstrates a record‐high sensitivity of 31196 V A−1 T−1. More importantly, the easy‐cone state sensor can work with an ultralow driving current density of 3.8 kA cm−2, which is three orders lower than previous results. Although easy‐cone state sensor can only measure the z‐axis field, highly compact 3D magnetic sensor can be realized by adoption of two anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors, promising great potential application in space‐ and energy‐restricted scenarios.
Dynamically Reconstructed Collagen Fibers for Transmitting Mechanical Signals to Assist Macrophages Tracing Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang Chen , Wang Xiaochen , Xie Ruipei , Zhang Yiyu , Xia Tie , Lu Ying , Ye Fangfu , Zhang Peipei , Cao Ting , Xu Ye , Fan Qihui
Published: December 2022

Constructing proper in vitro tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is important for cancer immune‐therapy studies, while the selection of biomaterials is critical. As innate immune cells, macrophages can target and kill cancer cells in vivo at the early stage of tumor development. However, this targeting phenomenon has not been observed in vitro. Herein, a quasi‐3D in vitro cell culture model is constructed to mimic TIME by integrating hydrogel collagen as extracellular matrix for cells. In the collagen‐based quasi‐3D in vitro system, for the first time, it is found that macrophages can be attracted toward cancer cells along the dynamically reconstructed collagen fibers. By combining traction force microscopy and customized micro‐manipulator system, it is revealed that the collagen matrix‐transmitted tensile force signaling precisely guides the migration of macrophages toward cancer cells. The mechano‐responsiveness mechanism is related to the activation of mechanosensitive ion channels, and the induced local increase of calcium signal, which is proved to enhance the F‐actin assembly and to guide the cell migration. This novel mechanism advances the understanding of the role of collagen fibers in mechanotaxis of macrophages. Taken together, it has great potential for assisting biomaterial designs in developing new drug‐screening models and clinical strategies for cancer immune‐therapy.
Electron Conductive and Transparent Hydrogels for Recording Brain Neural Signals and Neuromodulation
Authors: Liang Quanduo , Shen Zhenzhen , Sun Xiguang , Yu Dehai , Liu Kewei , Mugo Samuel M. , Chen Wei , Wang Dong , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2022

Recording brain neural signals and optogenetic neuromodulations open frontiers in decoding brain neural information and neurodegenerative disease therapeutics. Conventional implantable probes suffer from modulus mismatch with biological tissues and an irreconcilable tradeoff between transparency and electron conductivity. Herein, a strategy is proposed to address these tradeoffs, which generates conductive and transparent hydrogels with polypyrrole‐decorated microgels as cross‐linkers. The optical transparency of the electrodes can be attributed to the special structures that allow light waves to bypass the microgel particles and minimize their interaction. Demonstrated by probing the hippocampus of rat brains, the biomimetic electrode shows a prolonged capacity for simultaneous optogenetic neuromodulation and recording of brain neural signals. More importantly, an intriguing brain–machine interaction is realized, which involves signal input to the brain, brain neural signal generation, and controlling limb behaviors. This breakthrough work represents a significant scientific advancement toward decoding brain neural information and developing neurodegenerative disease therapies.
Solution‐State Cooperative Luminescence Upconversion in Molecular Ytterbium Dimers
Authors: Soro Lohona K. , Knighton Richard C. , Avecilla Fernando , Thor Waygen , Przybilla Frédéric , Jeannin Olivier , Esteban‐Gomez David , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Charbonnière Loïc J.
Published: December 2022

Two homometallic ytterbium dimers are prepared and their solution‐state photoluminescence and upconversion properties are investigated. Both complexes exhibit two‐photon cooperative luminescence upconversion in the visible region (λem ≈ 510 nm) upon excitation into the near‐infrared Yb 2F5/2 ← 2F7/2 absorption band at 980 nm. This miniaturization of the cooperative luminescence phenomenon down to just two Yb ions unequivocally proves the mechanistic origins of this process. Time‐resolved measurements and excited‐state modeling indicate the presence of a slow recombination of two singly excited ions Yb*Yb* into a virtual excited state, which ultimately gives rise to the observed emission at ≈510 nm.
Neural Network Design of Multilayer Metamaterial for Temporal Differentiation
Authors: Knightley Tony , Yakovlev Alex , Pacheco‐Peña Victor
Published: December 2022

Controlling wave−matter interactions with metamaterials (MTMs) for the calculation of mathematical operations has become an important paradigm for analogue computing given their ability to dramatically increase computational processing speeds. Here, motivated by the importance of performing mathematical operations on temporal signals, multilayer MTMs with the ability to calculate the derivative of temporally modulated signals are proposed, designed, and studied. To do this, a neural network (NN) based algorithm is used to design the multilayer structures (alternating layers of indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2)) that can calculate the first temporal derivative of the envelope of an impinging electromagnetic signal modulated at telecom wavelengths (1550 nm). Different designs are presented using multiple incident temporal signals including a modulated Gaussian as well as modulated arbitrary functions, demonstrating an excellent agreement between the predicted results (NN results) and the theoretical (ideal) values. It is shown how the proposed NN‐based algorithm can complete its search of the design space for the layer thicknesses of the multilayer MTM after just a few seconds, with a low mean square error in the order of (or below) 10−4 when comparing the predicted results with the theoretical spectrum of the ideal temporal derivative.
Exciton Self‐Trapping Effect in MoSi2N4 for Modulating Nonlinear Optical Process
Authors: Huang Dapeng , Liang Fei , Guo Ruiqi , Lu Dazhi , Wang Jiyang , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin
Published: December 2022

Coupling between polarized particles (excitons, phonons, and plasmas) in low‐dimension semiconductors can produce rich correlated states by exchange of energy and momentum, thus triggering many attractive electronic and optical applications if these correlated states can be controlled and modulated. Here, the broadband self‐trapped excitons (STEs) states covering visible to optical communication band are first demonstrated in the Mo‐vacancy‐rich MoSi2N4 films. A rapid establishment of STEs states (≈1–3 ps) is verified with the assistance of Mo‐vacancy induced defect levels. The modulation effect of STEs states on nonlinear optical processes is first verified, thereby yielding a switched saturable absorption (SA) behavior, which is novel and has not been reported in STEs‐related work and materials. Using Z‐scan technique, a switch of SA and reverse SA is achieved around optical density of 6 GW cm−2, obtaining a large saturated two‐photon absorption coefficient (βeff) of −8.66 × 103 cm GW−1 and a large unsaturated three‐photon absorption coefficient (γ) of 4.91 × 102 cm3 GW−2, respectively. The findings suggest that MoSi2N4 is a promising candidate for constructing novel STEs‐related devices and integrated nonlinear optics platform, and give rise to new horizons for practical implementations of two‐dimensional MoSi2N4 family.
Heavily Doped Zinc Oxide with Plasma Frequencies in the Telecommunication Wavelength Range
Authors: Koch Alexander , Mei Hongyan , Rensberg Jura , Hafermann Martin , Salman Jad , Wan Chenghao , Wambold Raymond , Blaschke Daniel , Schmidt Heidemarie , Salfeld Jürgen , Geburt Sebastian , Kats Mikhail A. , Ronning Carsten
Published: December 2022

Heavy and hyper doping of ZnO by a combination of gallium (Ga) ion implantation using a focused ion beam (FIB) system and post‐implantation laser annealing is demonstrated. Ion implantation allows for the incorporation of impurities with nearly arbitrary concentrations, and the laser‐annealing process enables dopant activation close to or beyond the solid‐solubility limit of Ga in ZnO. Heavily doped ZnO:Ga with free‐carrier concentrations of ≈1021 cm−3, resulting in a plasma wavelength of 1.02 μm, which is substantially shorter than the telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm is demonstrated. Thus, this approach enables the control of the plasma frequency of ZnO from the far infrared down to 1.02 μm, thus, providing a promising plasmonic material for applications in this regime.
Accurate Prediction of Microstructure of Composites using Machine Learning
Authors: Sang Sheng , Xu Chen , Fan Jiadi , Miao Daniel , Side Conner , Wang Ziping
Published: December 2022

In this prospective work, a machine learning (ML) model based on multiple independent random forest models to predict the configuration of binary composite bars is developed. The input variables to the ML model are elastic wave signals collected at one end of the composite bar, while the targets of the ML model are binary vectors representing the configuration of the bars. This study results indicate: First, a short period of elastic wave propagated through a composite bar can collect and carry the detailed information of the entire bar; second, the patterns hidden in the collected signals can be detected, extracted, and used by the ML model; finally, the ML model can be well trained using a relatively small dataset pool (less than 0.1% of all possible samples), and make accurate predictions. For the 30 sections of bars used in this study, the average prediction accuracy for each section of this bar can reach 95% and even higher. This ML guided technique can be modified and used in different functionalities and applications such as composites characterization, structure health monitoring, limestone determination, and archaeological detection.
Combating Escherichia coli O157:H7 with Functionalized Chickpea‐Derived Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: He Qiao , Yang Zhehao , Zou Zhipeng , Qian Mengyan , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Xinhui , Yin Zhongping , Wang Jinhai , Ye Xingqian , Liu Donghong , Guo Mingming
Published: December 2022

The rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance accelerates the desire for new antibacterial agents. Here, a class of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is designed by modifying the structural parameters of a natural chickpea‐derived AMP–Leg2, termed “functionalized chickpea‐derived Leg2 antimicrobial peptides” (FCLAPs). Among the FCLAPs, KTA and KTR show superior antibacterial efficacy against the foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 (with MICs in the range of 2.5–4.7 µmol L−1) and demonstrate satisfactory feasibility in alleviating E. coli O157:H7‐induced intestinal infection. Additionally, the low cytotoxicity along with insusceptibility to antimicrobial resistance increases the potential of FCLAPs as appealing antimicrobials. Combining the multi‐omics profiling andpeptide‐membrane interaction assays, a unique dual‐targeting mode of action is characterized. To specify the antibacterial mechanism, microscopical observations, membrane‐related physicochemical properties studies, and mass spectrometry assays are further performed. Data indicate that KTA and KTR induce membrane damage by initially targeting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus promoting the peptides to traverse the outer membrane. Subsequently, the peptides intercalate into the peptidoglycan (PGN) layer, blocking its synthesis, and causing a collapse of membrane structure. These findings altogether imply the great potential of KTA and KTR as promising antibacterial candidates in combating the growing threat of E. coli O157:H7.
High‐Performance Strain Sensors Based on Organohydrogel Microsphere Film for Wearable Human–Computer Interfacing
Authors: Zhai Kankan , Wang Hao , Ding Qiongling , Wu Zixuan , Ding Minghui , Tao Kai , Yang Bo‐Ru , Xie Xi , Li Chunwei , Wu Jin
Published: December 2022

Stretchable hydrogel‐based strain sensors suffer from limited sensitivity, which urgently requires further breakthroughs for precise and stable human‐computer interaction. Here, an efficient microstructural engineering strategy is proposed to significantly enhance the sensitivity of hydrogel‐based strain sensors by sandwiching an emulsion‐polymerized polyacrylamide organohydrogel microsphere membrane between two Ecoflex films, which are accompanied by crack generation and propagation effects upon stretching. Consequently, the as‐developed strain sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) of 1275), wide detection range (100% strain), low hysteresis, ultralow detection limit (0.05% strain), good fatigue resistance, and low fabrication cost. In addition, the sensor features good water, dehydration, and frost resistance, enabling real‐time strain monitoring in various complex conditions due to the encapsulation of Ecoflex film and the addition of glycerol and KCl. Through further structural manipulation, the device achieves superior response to tiny strains, with a GF value of 98.3 in the strain range of less than 1.5%. Owing to the high strain sensing performance, the sensor is able to detect various human activities from swallowing to finger bending even under water. On this basis, a wireless sensing system with apnea warning and single‐channel gesture recognition capabilities is successfully demonstrated, demonstrating its great promise as wearable electronics.
Iodine‐Stabilized Organic Nanoparticle Dispersions for the Fabrication of 10% Efficient Non‐Fullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Manger Felix , Fischer Karen , Marlow Philipp , Röhm Holger , Sprau Christian , Colsmann Alexander
Published: December 2022

High‐performance organic solar cells are deposited from eco‐friendly semiconductor dispersions by applying reversible electrostatic stabilization while omitting the need for stabilizing surfactants. The addition of iodine fosters the oxidation (p‐doping) of the light‐harvesting polymer, effectively promoting the electrostatic repulsion of the nanoparticles and hence the colloidal stability of the respective dispersions. The oxidation of polymers with iodine is reversible: after thin‐film deposition and after thermal evaporation of the iodine, the corresponding polymer:non‐fullerene solar cells yield power conversion efficiencies of up to 10.6%.
Complex congenital cardiovascular anomaly in a patient with AGO1‐associated disorder
Authors: Takagi Minako , Ono Shin , Kumaki Tatsuro , Nishimura Naoto , Murakami Hiroaki , Enomoto Yumi , Naruto Takuya , Ueda Hideaki , Kurosawa Kenji
Published: December 2022

Pathogenic AGO1 variants have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial appearance. In mammalian models, defects in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis are associated with congenital heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. We describe the case of a patient with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, hypoplastic left lung, bilateral pulmonary sequestration, and dilated myocardiopathy. We identified a de novo pathogenic variant of AGO1, which encodes an Argonaute protein forming a gene‐silencing complex with microRNAs. The patient was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy with no apparent cause at 3 years of age. She was started on enalapril and carvedilol, and her heart failure was well controlled. We expanded the AGO1‐associated phenotype to include complex congenital cardiovascular anomaly and dilated cardiomyopathy in humans.
Core–Shell Nanoparticle Combined with Bacterial Targeting and Antibiotic Loading for Bacteria Tracing and Clearing
Authors: Hong Qimin , Huo Shicheng , Guo Jingjing , Li Bo , Sun Yanping , Nie Bin'en , Liang Shanhui , Yang Jianping , Yue Bing
Published: December 2022

Bacterial infections are a major complication in human healthcare. Bacteria tracing and targeted delivery of antibiotics to bacterial infection sites are being developed to reduce the high mortality caused by pathogenic bacterial infections. Owing to the challenges in accurate diagnosis of infection, particularly the identification of biomaterial‐related bacteria, the use of bacteria‐targeting nanomaterials has become increasingly important. Herein, magnetic core–shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are fabricated for targeted drug delivery; the shell is modified with ubiquicidin (UBI)29‐41 for bacteria targeting, and vancomycin is loaded into the channels of the MSNs. The results demonstrate that magnetic core–shell MSNs display the desired functions of drug loading, bacteria targeting, detectability in magnetic resonance imaging, antibacterial action, and good in vitro biocompatibility. Magnetic core–shell MSNs have potential applications in the treatment of diseases caused by infections.
Viscoelastic Capillary Flow Cytometry
Authors: Serhatlioglu Murat , Jensen Emil Alstrup , Niora Maria , Hansen Anne Todsen , Nielsen Christian Friberg , Jansman Michelle Maria Theresia , Hosta-Rigau Leticia , Dziegiel Morten Hanefeld , Berg-Sørensen Kirstine , Hickson Ian David , Kristensen Anders
Published: December 2022

A compact microfluidic flow cytometer is demonstrated, comprising viscoelastic flow focusing in fused silica capillaries and a fiber optical interface. Viscoelastic flow focusing enables simple device design and operation with a single‐inlet/outlet fluidic configuration. Fused silica capillaries with different inner diameters are effortlessly interchanged to eliminate blockage ratio limitations and enable single‐train particle focusing for a wide range of particle sizes and geometries. The compact system is mounted on an inverted microscope for easy integration with optical imaging and other optofluidic modalities, such as optical trapping and particle sorting. A real‐time cytometric analysis of three channels, forward scattering, side scattering, and fluorescence detection, is performed on LABVIEW. A throughput of 3500 events s−1is performed on particles of sizes ranging from 2 to 20 μm, using capillaries of different inner diameters ranging from 30 to 75 μm. The outer diameter of all capillaries is identical to the cladding diameter of the applied optical fibers. This enables easy exchange and precise optical alignment of fibers and capillaries on a microfabricated jig. The performance of the microfluidic flow cytometer is benchmarked using polystyrene calibration beads, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) particles, erythrocytes, THP‐1 leukemic monocytes, and human metaphase chromosomes.
Halogen‐Incorporated Sn Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2Reduction to Formate
Authors: Wang Tian , Chen Jiadong , Ren Xinyi , Zhang Jincheng , Ding Jie , Liu Yuhang , Lim Kang Hui , Wang Junhu , Li Xuning , Yang Hongbin , Huang Yanqiang , Kawi Sibudjing , Liu Bin
Published: December 2022

Electrochemically reducing CO2to valuable fuels or feedstocks is recognized as a promising strategy to simultaneously tackle the crises of fossil fuel shortage and carbon emission. Sn‐based catalysts have been widely studied for electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) to make formic acid/formate, which unfortunately still suffer from low activity, selectivity and stability. In this work, halogen (F, Cl, Br or I) was introduced into the Sn catalyst by a facile hydrolysis method. The presence of halogen was confirmed by a collection of ex situ and in situ characterizations, which rendered a more positive valence state of Sn in halogen‐incorporated Sn catalyst as compared to unmodified Sn under cathodic potentials in CO2RR and therefore tuned the adsorption strength of the key intermediate (*OCHO) toward formate formation. As a result, the halogen‐incorporated Sn catalyst exhibited greatly enhanced catalytic performance in electrochemical CO2RR to produce formate.
Co@ZIF‐8/TiO2 heterojunction for green hydrogen generation
Authors: Saleh Mahmoud R. , El‐Bery Haitham M. , Abdelhamid Hani Nasser
Published: December 2022

A wet‐incipient impregnation method was reported to synthesize hierarchical porous bimetallic (Co, Zn)‐zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐8)/TiO2 (Co@ZIF‐8/TiO2) for green hydrogen generation via photocatalytic water splitting. Co@ZIF‐8/TiO2 showed higher photocatalytic efficiency than TiO2, with a hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 13 mmol·h−1·g−1 with a 151‐fold increase in the catalytic performance of TiO2. The photocatalytic HGR of Co@ZIF‐8/TiO2 was superior to that of the ZIF‐8/TiO2 heterostructure. Co@ZIF‐8 showed a hierarchical porous structure containing micropores and mesopores regimes, providing a proficient transport channel for charge transfer. This study presents new prospects for using hierarchical porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as support and promoter in photocatalytic applications of semiconductor such as TiO2.