bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle Modulators of Neuroplasticity: How Physical Activity, Mental Engagement, and Diet Promote Cognitive Health during Aging
Authors: Phillips Cristy
Published: June 2017

The number of the elderly across the globe will approximate 2.1 billion by 2050. Juxtaposed against this burgeoning segment of the population is evidence that nonpathological aging is associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline in a variety of domains, changes that can cause mild disability even before the onset of dementia. Given that pharmacological treatments that mitigate dementia are still outstanding, alternative therapeutic options are being investigated increasingly. The results from translational studies have shown that modifiable lifestyle factors—including physical activity, cognitive engagement, and diet—are a key strategy for maintaining brain health during aging. Indeed, a multiplicity of studies has demonstrated relationships between lifestyle factors, brain structure and function, and cognitive function in aging adults. For example, physical activity and diet modulate common neuroplasticity substrates (neurotrophic signaling, neurogenesis, inflammation, stress response, and antioxidant defense) in the brain whereas cognitive engagement enhances brain and cognitive reserve. The aims of this review are to evaluate the relationship between modifiable lifestyle factors, neuroplasticity, and optimal brain health during aging; to identify putative mechanisms that contribute positive brain aging; and to highlight future directions for scientists and clinicians. Undoubtedly, the translation of cutting-edge knowledge derived from the field of cognitive neuroscience will advance our understanding and enhance clinical treatment interventions as we endeavor to promote brain health during aging.
A Quick Negative Selection Algorithm for One‐Class Classification in Big Data Era
Authors: Zhu Fangdong , Chen Wen , Yang Hanli , Li Tao , Yang Tao , Zhang Fan
Published: June 2017

Negative selection algorithm (NSA) is an important kind of the one‐class classification model, but it is limited in the big data era due to its low efficiency. In this paper, we propose a new NSA based on Voronoi diagrams: VorNSA. The scheme of the detector generation process is changed from the traditional “Random‐Discard” model to the “Computing‐Designated” model by VorNSA. Furthermore, we present an immune detection process of VorNSA under Map/Reduce framework (VorNSA/MR) to further reduce the time consumption on massive data in the testing stage. Theoretical analyses show that the time complexity of VorNSA decreases from the exponential level to the logarithmic level. Experiments are performed to compare the proposed technique with other NSAs and one‐class classifiers. The results show that the time cost of the VorNSA is averagely decreased by 87.5% compared with traditional NSAs in UCI skin dataset.
Preoperative Assessment of Patients Undergoing Elective Gastrointestinal Surgery: Does Body Mass Index Matter?
Authors: Kamarajah Sivesh K. , Sowida Mustafa , Adlan Amirul , Barmayehvar Behrad , Reihill Christina , Ellahee Parvez
Published: June 2017

Background. At Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB), no specific protocol to stratify patients by body mass index (BMI) exists. This study sought to evaluate outcomes following gastrointestinal surgery. Methods. Patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery attending preassessment screening clinic (PAS) from August to September 2016 at the QEHB were identified. Primary outcome was postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes were major complications and 30-day readmission rates. Results. Of 368 patients preassessed, 31% (116/368) were overweight and 35% (130/368) were obese. Median age was 57 (range: 17–93). There was no difference of BMI between the low risk and high risk clinics. Patients in high risk clinic had significantly higher rates of comorbidities, major surgical grades, and malignancy as the indication for surgery. Overall complication rates were 14% (52/368), with 3% (10/368) having major complications (Clavien-Dindo Grades III-IV). Whilst BMI was associated with comorbidity (p=0.03) and ASA grade (p<0.001), it was not associated with worse outcomes. Patients attending high risk clinic had significantly higher rates of complications. Conclusions. Surgery grade was found to be an independent risk factor of complication rates. Use of BMI as an independent factor for preassessment level is not justified from our cohort.
Flotation Behavior of Complex Sulfide Ores in the Presence of Biodegradable Polymeric Depressants
Authors: Hayat Muhammad Badar , Alagha Lana , Sannan Syed Mohammad
Published: June 2017

In this study, chitosan polymer was tested as a potential selective green depressant of pyrite in the bulk flotation of galena (PbS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) from sphalerite (ZnS) and pyrite (FeS2) using sodium isopropyl xanthate as a collector and 4-methyl-2-pentanol (MIBC) as a frother. Flotation tests were carried out in a D12-Denver flotation laboratory cell in the presence and absence of chitosan and/or sodium cyanide depressant which is commercially used as pyrite depressant in sulfide mineral flotation process. Flotation recoveries and concentrate grades (assay) were studied as a function of polymer concentration and flotation time. It was found that at 50 g/ton, chitosan depressed 5.6% more pyrite as compared to conventional depressant NaCN at its optimum dosage. Furthermore, the measured assay values of pyrite in concentrates dropped by ~1.2% when NaCN depressant was replaced with chitosan polymer. Zeta potential measurements of galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite suspensions before and after chitosan’s addition revealed that the polymer has preferential adsorption on pyrite minerals as compared to other sulfide minerals specially galena. Results obtained from this work show that chitosan polymer has a promising future as a biodegradable alternative to sodium cyanide for the purpose of depressing pyrite in sulfide minerals flotation.
Effect of Topically Administered Chitosan-N-acetylcysteine on Corneal Wound Healing in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Fischak Corinna , Klaus Robert , Werkmeister René M. , Hohenadl Christine , Prinz Martin , Schmetterer Leopold , Garhöfer Gerhard
Published: June 2017

Purpose. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of topically administered chitosan-N-acetylcysteine (C-NAC) on corneal wound healing in a rabbit model.Methods. A total of 20 New Zealand White rabbits were included in the randomized, masked, placebo-controlled experiment. A monocular epithelial debridement was induced by manual scraping under general anesthesia. Animals were randomized to receive either C-NAC two times daily or placebo. Monitoring of corneal wound healing was performed with ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) and epithelial fluorescein staining. Measurements were done immediately after and up to 72 hours after wound induction.Results. No difference in wound size was found immediately after surgical debridement between the C-NAC group and the placebo group. Wound healing was significantly faster in the C-NAC group compared to the placebo group (p<0.01for both methods). A good correlation was found between the OCT technique and the epithelial fluorescein staining in terms of wound size (r=0.94).Conclusions. Administration of C-NAC containing eye drops twice daily leads to a faster corneal wound healing in a rabbit model of corneal debridement as compared to placebo. Ultra-high-resolution OCT is considered a noninvasive, dye-free alternative to conventional fluorescein staining in assessing corneal wound healing also in humans.
Impact of Vaccination on Distribution of T Cell Subsets in Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-Infected Children
Authors: Thitilertdecha Premrutai , Khowawisetsut Ladawan , Ammaranond Palanee , Poungpairoj Poonsin , Tantithavorn Varangkana , Onlamoon Nattawat
Published: June 2017

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is generally prescribed to patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with vaccination introduced to prevent disease complications. However, little is known about the influence of immunization on T cell subsets’ distribution during the course of infection. This study aims to identify the impact of viral replication and immunization on naïve, effector, effector memory, and central memory T cell subpopulations in ART-treated HIV-infected children. Fifty patients were recruited and injected intramuscularly with influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine on the day of enrollment (day 0) and day 28. Blood samples were collected for pre- and postvaccination on days 0 and 56 for analyzing T cell phenotypes by flow cytometry. Phenotypes of all T cell subsets remained the same after vaccination, except for a reduction in effector CD8+ T cells. Moreover, T cell subsets from patients with controllable viral load showed similar patterns to those with virological failure. Absolute CD4 count was also found to have a positive relationship with naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, vaccination and viral replication have a little effect on the distribution of T cell subpopulations. The CD4 count can be used for prediction of naïve T cell level in HIV-infected patients responding to ART.
Study on the Elastoplastic Damage‐Healing Coupled Constitutive Model of Mudstone
Authors: Xu Jie , Qu Jiawang , Gao Yufeng , Xu Ning
Published: June 2017

Under the effect of high ground stress and water‐rock chemical interaction, the fractures in the damaged mudstone wound undergo a self‐healing process and recover the physical and mechanical properties, which has a significant impact on the wall‐rock’s stability of high level radioactive waste repository and the migration of radioactive nuclide. According to the general thermodynamics and continuum damage mechanics, an internal variable describing mudstone healing properties is introduced and an elastoplastic damage‐healing model reflecting mudstone deformation, damage, and self‐healing evolution is put forward. This model is used to simulate the triaxial compression test of mudstone under different confining pressures, whose simulated results are compared with the test data. It is indicated that the model could embody the main mechanical properties of mudstone with the healing effect in an effective way, and the healing part of the model has a great influence on the simulated results.
Are Antioxidants a Potential Therapy for FSHD? A Review of the Literature
Authors: Denny Adam Philip , Heather Alison Kay
Published: June 2017

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an inherited myopathy affecting approximately 1 in 7500 individuals worldwide. It is a progressive disease characterised by skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. A genetic mutation on the 4q35 chromosome results in the expression of the double homeobox 4 gene (DUX4) which drives oxidative stress, inflammation, toxicity, and atrophy within the skeletal muscle. FSHD is characterised by oxidative stress, and there is currently no cure and a lack of therapies for the disease. Antioxidants have been researched for many years, with investigators aiming to use antioxidants therapeutically for oxidative stress‐associated diseases. This has included both natural and synthetic antioxidants. The use of antioxidants in preclinical or clinical models has been largely successful with a plethora of research reporting positive results. However, when translated to clinical trials, the use of antioxidants as a therapeutic intervention for a variety of disease has been largely unsuccessful. Moreover, specifically focusing on FSHD, limited research has been conducted on the use of antioxidants as a therapy in either preclinical or clinical models. This review summarises the current state of antioxidant use in the treatment of FSHD and discusses their potential avenue for therapeutic use for FSHD patients.
A Case Report of Mania and Psychosis Five Months after Traumatic Brain Injury Successfully Treated Using Olanzapine
Authors: Cittolin-Santos Giordano F. , Fredeen Jesse C. , Cotes Robert O.
Published: June 2017

Background. There are few published pharmacologic trials for the treatment of acute mania following traumatic brain injury (TBI). To our knowledge, we present the first case report of an individual being treated and stabilized with olanzapine monotherapy for this condition. Case Presentation. We describe the case of a 53-year-old African American male admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital with one month of behavioral changes including irritability, decreased need for sleep, hyperverbal speech, hypergraphia, and paranoia five months after TBI. Using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria, he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder due to traumatic brain injury, with manic features. He was serially evaluated with clinical rating scales to measure symptom severity. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score upon admission was 31, and the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS) score was initially 9. After eight days of milieu treatment and gradual titration of olanzapine to 15 mg nightly, his symptoms completely abated, with YMRS and CRDPSS scores at zero on the day of discharge. Conclusion. Olanzapine was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of mania following TBI.
Synthesis of a Novel Ce-bpdc for the Effective Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zhao Changqing , Cui Yanwei , Fang Fang , Ryu Si Ok , Huang Jiarui
Published: June 2017

Ce-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (Ce-bpdc), a novel type of metal organic framework, was synthesized and applied to remove excessive fluoride from water. The structure and morphology of Ce-bpdc were measured by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effects, such as saturated adsorption capacity, HCO3-, and pH, were investigated. The optimal pH value for fluoride adsorption was the range from 5 to 6. The coexisting bicarbonate anions have a little influence on fluoride removal. The fluoride adsorption over the Ce-bpdc adsorbent could reach its equilibrium in about 20 min. The Ce-bpdc coordination complex exhibited high binding capacity for fluoride ions. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir model was high up to 45.5 mg/g at 298 K (pH = 7.0) and the removal efficiency was greater than 80%. In order to investigate the mechanism of fluoride removal, various adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir and Freundlich were fitted. The experimental data revealed that the Langmuir isotherm gave a more satisfactory fit for fluoride removal. Finally, the tested results of ground water samples from three places, Yuefang, Jiangji, and Sanyi which exhibited high removal efficiency, also demonstrate the potential utility of the Ce-bpdc as an effective adsorbent.
Investigation on Electromagnetic Models of High‐Speed Solenoid Valve for Common Rail Injector
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Fan Liyun , Liu Peng , Grekhov Leonid , Ma Xiuzhen , Song Enzhe
Published: June 2017

A novel formula easily applied with high precision is proposed in this paper to fit the B‐H curve of soft magnetic materials, and it is validated by comparison with predicted and experimental results. It can accurately describe the nonlinear magnetization process and magnetic saturation characteristics of soft magnetic materials. Based on the electromagnetic transient coupling principle, an electromagnetic mathematical model of a high‐speed solenoid valve (HSV) is developed in Fortran language that takes the saturation phenomena of the electromagnetic force into consideration. The accuracy of the model is validated by the comparison of the simulated and experimental static electromagnetic forces. Through experiment, it is concluded that the increase of the drive current is conducive to improving the electromagnetic energy conversion efficiency of the HSV at a low drive current, but it has little effect at a high drive current. Through simulation, it is discovered that the electromagnetic energy conversion characteristics of the HSV are affected by the drive current and the total reluctance, consisting of the gap reluctance and the reluctance of the iron core and armature soft magnetic materials. These two influence factors, within the scope of the different drive currents, have different contribution rates to the electromagnetic energy conversion efficiency.
An Adaptive and Integrated Low-Power Framework for Multicore Mobile Computing
Authors: Choi Jongmoo , Jung Bumjong , Choi Yongjae , Son Seiil
Published: June 2017

Employing multicore in mobile computing such as smartphone and IoT (Internet of Things) device is a double-edged sword. It provides ample computing capabilities required in recent intelligent mobile services including voice recognition, image processing, big data analysis, and deep learning. However, it requires a great deal of power consumption, which causes creating a thermal hot spot and putting pressure on the energy resource in a mobile device. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that integrates two well-known low-power techniques, DPM (Dynamic Power Management) and DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling) for energy efficiency in multicore mobile systems. The key feature of the proposed framework is adaptability. By monitoring the online resource usage such as CPU utilization and power consumption, the framework can orchestrate diverse DPM and DVFS policies according to workload characteristics. Real implementation based experiments using three mobile devices have shown that it can reduce the power consumption ranging from 22% to 79%, while affecting negligibly the performance of workloads.
Endotoxin Exposure Increases LL-37 - but Not Calprotectin - in Healthy Human Airways
Authors: Smith Margaretha E. , Stockfelt Marit , Tengvall Sara , Bergman Peter , Lindén Anders , Qvarfordt Ingemar
Published: June 2017

Rationale: The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) LL-37 and calprotectin are important players in the innate immunity of human airways. In patients with diseases characterized by bacterial colonization, the airway concentrations of these AMPs are increased. Less is known about their presence and release patterns in healthy humans. Our aim was to determine whether LL-37 and calprotectin are released after the activation of the innate immune response in the peripheral airways. Methods: Healthy volunteers underwent exposure to endotoxin and vehicle in contralateral segment bronchi. After 12 or 24 h, samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) were collected bilaterally from exposed segments. Cell and AMP concentrations were assessed, as were the pro-form and active form of LL-37. Results: Both LL-37 and calprotectin were detected in cell-free BALf from both endotoxin- and vehicle-exposed segments. The concentrations of precursor and active LL-37 and neutrophils were significantly higher in endotoxin-exposed segments after 12 and 24 h, and the concentrations of LL-37 and neutrophils correlated positively. The concentrations of calprotectin were not markedly affected by exposure to endotoxin. Conclusions: Local endotoxin exposure elicits the release and activation of LL-37 but not calprotectin in healthy human peripheral airways, suggesting an inducible involvement of LL-37 in the local innate immune response.
Physical Activity Monitoring in Patients with Neurological Disorders: A Review of Novel Body-Worn Devices
Authors: Giggins Oonagh M. , Clay Ieuan , Walsh Lorcan
Published: June 2017

Aim: The aim was to conduct a systematic review to examine the literature reporting the validity and reliability of wearable physical activity monitoring in individuals with neurological disorders. Method: A systematic search of the literature was performed using a specific search strategy in PubMed and CINAHL. A search constraint of articles published in English, including human participants, published between January 2008 and March 2017 was applied. Peer-reviewed studies which enrolled adult participants with any neurological disorder were included. For the studies which sought to explore the validity of activity monitors, the outcomes measured using the monitor were compared to a criterion measure of physical activity. The studies’ methodological quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) framework. Data extracted from each study included the following: characteristics of the study participants, study setting, devices used, study protocol/methods, outcomes measured, and the validity/reliability of measurement produced. Results: Twenty-three studies examining the validity and reliability of 16 different monitors were included. The identified studies comprised participants with a range of different disorders of neurological origin. The available evidence suggests that biaxial or triaxial accelerometer devices positioned around the ankle produce the most accurate step count measurements in patients with neurological disorders. The findings regarding the reliability and validity of activity counts and energy expenditure are largely inconclusive in this population. Discussion: Ankle-worn biaxial or triaxial accelerometer-type devices provide the most accurate measurement of physical activity. However, further work is required in this field before wearable activity monitoring can be more widely implemented clinically. Standardised activity monitoring protocols are required for implementing these devices in clinical trials and clinical practice, and consensus is required as to the reporting and interpretation of derived variables.
Aussprachevermittlungim brasilianischen DaFUnterricht – einige Überlegungen
Authors: Bolacio Filho Ebal Sant’Anna , Müller Jasmin
Published: June 2017

Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Notwendigkeit der Aussprachevermittlung in der Deutschlehrerausbildung an brasilianischen Hochschulen zu unterstreichen.Der Beitrag präsentiert zuerst eine Diskussion über die Rolle der Aussprachvermittlung im Fremdsprachunterricht in den Zeiten nach dem Gemeinsamen Eurospäischen Refernzrahmen. Darüber hinaus wird der Begriff Akzent sowie dessen Einfluss bzw. Relevanz beim Erlernen einer Fremdsprachethematisiert. Anschließend werden einige Herangehensweisen vorgeschlagen, um die Phonetikarbeit an brasilianischen Hochschulen konsequent durchzuführen
Error and Mastery in the goethean Bildung and their outcomes
Authors: Clímaco Marco Antônio Araújo
Published: June 2017

From the Promethean inspiration of Sturm und Drang to the allegorical apotheosis of Faust II, Goethe‟s trajectory makes a continuous effort to save and reframe the poetic naivety before the historical demand of an unheard-of antagonism and individual self-sufficiency, bestowing legitimacy to his innate feeling of existence as „zweite Natur‟. Such ambivalence induced even Goethe‟s benevolent critics to face his Bildung projectas a preliminary and controversial moment, of which the excessively individualist accent would later be definitely superseded by the dedication to natural sciences and to the moral of resignation. This article aims to show how the Goethean Bildung, correctly understood as „education for the error‟, institutes a relation of interdependent and complementary continuity between error and mastery, which the German poet unfolds and devotes in three of his fundamental convictions: that of the deviations and deformations as being constitutive possibilities of the laws of Nature of their legitimate formative procedure; that of the superior poetic creation as an „elevation to the heights of the spirit and turning the intentions of Nature efficient‟; and the primacy of the „poets-imitators‟ over priests and philosophers in the appropriation of tradition under the auspices of a „pure characteristic personification‟
Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Pelliccia Francesco , Kaski Juan Carlos , Crea Filippo , Camici Paolo G.
Published: June 2017

Originally described by Japanese authors in the 1990s, Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) generally presents as an acute myocardial infarction characterized by severe left ventricular dysfunction. TTS, however, differs from an acute coronary syndrome because patients have generally a normal coronary angiogram and left ventricular dysfunction, which extends beyond the territory subtended by a single coronary artery and recovers within days or weeks. The prognosis was initially thought to be benign, but subsequent studies have demonstrated that both short-term mortality and long-term mortality are higher than previously recognized. Indeed, mortality reported during the acute phase in hospitalized patients is ≈4% to 5%, a figure comparable to that of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary interventions. Despite extensive research, the cause and pathogenesis of TTS remain incompletely understood. The aim of the present review is to discuss the pathophysiology of TTS with particular emphasis on the role of the central and autonomic nervous systems. Different emotional or psychological stressors have been identified to precede the onset of TTS. The anatomic structures that mediate the stress response are found in both the central and autonomic nervous systems. Acute stressors induce brain activation, increasing bioavailability of cortisol and catecholamine. Both circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine released from adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and norepinephrine released locally from sympathetic nerve terminals are significantly increased in the acute phase of TTS. This catecholamine surge leads, through multiple mechanisms, that is, direct catecholamine toxicity, adrenoceptor-mediated damage, epicardial and microvascular coronary vasoconstriction and/or spasm, and increased cardiac workload, to myocardial damage, which has a functional counterpart of transient apical left ventricular ballooning. The relative preponderance among postmenopausal women suggests that estrogen deprivation may play a facilitating role, probably mediated by endothelial dysfunction. Despite the substantial improvement in our understanding of the pathophysiology of TTS, a number of knowledge gaps remain.
Aristotle’s Embryology and Ackrill’s Problem
Authors: Carraro Nicola
Published: June 2017

Ackrill’s Problem is a tension between Aristotle’s alleged view that the matter of a living being is a body that is essentially ensouled, and his view that the matter of a substance preexists its generation. Most interpreters solve the tension by claiming that the subject of substantial generation is not the organic body of the living being, but its non-organic matter. I defend a different solution by showing that the embryological theory ofOn the Generation of Animalsimplies that the organic body of a living being already exists before acquiring the soul in actuality.
The Annicerean Cyrenaics on Friendship and Habitual Good Will
Authors: O’Keefe Tim
Published: June 2017

Unlike mainstream Cyrenaics, the Annicereans deny that friendship is chosen only because of its usefulness: the wise person cares for her friend and endures pains for him because of her goodwill and love. Nonetheless, the Annicereans maintain that your own pleasure is the telos and that a friend’s happiness is not intrinsically choiceworthy. I argue that this is to be explained by evidence for an Annicerean doctrine of ‘non-hedonic habits’, which allows them to abandon psychological hedonism while still maintaining hedonism regarding well-being.
The Limits of Europeanization on Minority Rights in Serbia: The Roma Minority
Authors: Cierco Teresa
Published: June 2017

Among the main conditions for joining the European Union (eu) are the protection of human rights, and particularly the protection of minority rights. In this way, the eu has become an important external dynamic that changes domestic policies. In this article, the limits of Europeanization are analysed at two different levels: at the legal and at the societal level. In the last years, Serbia has adopted legislative changes that have increased the protection level granted to minorities in the country. However, its implementation/internalization is considered to be one of the biggest post-conflict problems in Serbia. This article argues that Europeanization has strong limitations regarding minority’s rights in Serbia. By focusing on the situation of the Roma minority in the country, we try to access the limits of Europeanization at the societal level, arguing that they are still victims of discrimination, segregation and limited participation in public life.
Federalism and Liberalization: Evaluating the Impact of American and Canadian Sub-federal Governments on the Negotiation of International Trade Agreements
Authors: Kukucha Christopher J.
Published: June 2017

This article argues that federal systems in Canada and the United States allow for the successful pursuit of sub-federal offensive and defensive priorities in the negotiation of international trade agreements. It is also clear, however, that the coercive American intrastate system limits the relevance of American states in this process, especially when compared to Canada’s relatively cooperative interstate model. Canadian provinces and territories also benefit from ideational considerations, including policy expertise and trust-ties with federal negotiators, which further strengthens sub-federal legitimacy and influence in this policy area. This study evaluates the incremental and significant impact of Canadian and American sub-federal governments across a number of sectors on the negotiations and final legal texts of the Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement, the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.
New species of Ameletus Eaton, 1885 from the Russian Far East with notes on Ameletus camtschaticus Ulmer 1927 (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae)
Authors: TIUNOVA TATIANA M. , SEMENCHENKO ALEKSANDR A. , VELYAEV OLEG A.
Published: June 2017

The male imagoes, larvae, and eggs of Ameletus allengaensis sp. nov. and Ameletus sirotskii sp. nov. from the Russian Far East are described. Based on the structure of the male genitalia, the imago and larvae of A. allengaensis sp. nov. and A. sirotskii sp. nov. are similar to those of A. camtschaticus, but the discovery of these new species and separation from A. camtschaticus were confirmed by studies of the morphology of the larvae and male imago, as well as molecular analysis. Identity of various developmental stages of the new species were confirmed by analysis of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) DNA barcode, which was also used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Ameletus. The intraspecific sequence divergence based on the Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) distance ranged from 0.0–2.5%, whereas the interspecific sequence divergence based on the K2P distance ranged from 6.2–7.9% within A. sirotskii sp. nov., A. allengaensis sp. nov. and A. camtschaticus. Male imagoes of A. allengaensis sp. nov., A. sirotskii sp. nov., and A. camtschaticus can be distinguished by the size and location of small denticles on the ventral plate of the penis. The larvae of A. allengaensis sp. nov. differ from those of A. sirotskii sp. nov. by the size of gills I and II. In A. allengaensis sp. nov., gill I is almost twice as small as gill II; in A. sirotskii sp. nov., gill I is only slightly smaller than gill II. Both new species differ from A. camtschaticus by gill II, which does not have an anal rib on the anal margin.
Microlepidogaster negomata, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from Rio São Francisco basin, southeastern Brazil
Authors: MARTINS FERNANDA O. , CHEROBIM ARIELI M. , ANDRADE BRENO N. , LANGEANI FRANCISCO
Published: June 2017

The number of species of Microlepidogaster recently increased considerably, the genus presently comprises six species distributed in the Paraná, São Francisco, and Jequitinhonha river basins. A new species of Microlepidogaster is herein described from the upper Rio São Francisco basin, which can be distinguished from all congeners by having two exclusive features within the genus: skin over swimbladder opening with two to five reduced unperforated platelets, and ventral laminar expansion of coracoid enclosing completely or almost completely the arrector fossa of the pectoral girdle. In addition, other features to recognize this species are: snout covered by many small plates bearing slender pointed odontodes; presence of iris operculum; exposure of pectoral girdle restricted to the lateral portion; presence of pectoral axillary slit only in juveniles; anterior portion of compound supraneural plus first dorsal-fin proximal radial contacting the neural spine of the eighth or ninth vertebra; first anal-fin pterygiophore covered only by skin; and uninterrupted, long median and mid-dorsal series of lateral plates.
A new genus and species of clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from South Sudan
Authors: GORBUNOV OLEG G. , GURKO VLADIMIR O.
Published: June 2017

A new clearwing moth genus and species is described and illustrated from South Sudan: Lolibaia salimi gen. nov. et sp. nov.. This is the first record of the family Sesiidae from that country. The holotype is deposited in the collection of the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Safety and Efficacy of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via Transradial Versus Transfemoral Approach in Bypass Grafts
Authors: Dai Yuxiang , Li Chenguang , Zhang Feng , Yang Ji’e , Chang Shufu , Lu Hao , Yang Hongbo , Huang Zheyong , Qian Juying , Ge Lei , Ge Junbo
Published: June 2017

We compared the efficacy and safety of the transradial approach percutaneous coronary intervention (TRA-PCI) and transfemoral approach percutaneous coronary intervention (TFA-PCI) for bypass grafts lesions. Patients (n = 184) were retrospectively enrolled. Less contrast was used during the procedure in the TRA group than in the TFA group, 201.5 (45.5) mL versus 221.5 (49.1) mL, P = .004, although fluoroscopy time was longer in the TRA group, 22.5 (6.3) minutes versus 20.3 (6.1) minutes; P = .017. The incidence of net adverse clinical events (NACEs) was lower in the TRA group than in the TFA group (3.1% vs 8.8%, respectively, P = .111). The incidence of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 and 5 bleeding (0% vs 5.5%, respectively, P = .022) was significantly lower in the TRA group than in the TFA group. For 1-year outcomes, there was no difference in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (7.5% vs 9.9%, respectively, P = .569). In conclusion, TRA-PCI was associated with a lower rate of in-hospital NACEs mainly attributed to lower rates of major bleeding. The TRA-PCI showed comparable feasibility and efficacy in bypass grafts as compared with TFA-PCI when carried out by experienced operators.
Cardiac Hematological Malignancies: Typical Growth Patterns, Imaging Features, and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Voigt Peter , Wienbeck Susanne , Weber Marc-André , Oyama-Manabe Noriko , Beimler Maximilian , Schob Stefan , Kahn Thomas , Meyer Hans Jonas , Randaxhe Jan Frieso , Surov Alexey
Published: June 2017

Cardiac hematological malignancies (CHMs) are rare entities and comprise lymphoma, leukemic infiltration, and extramedullary manifestation of multiple myeloma. The aim of this work is to summarize typical growth patterns, imaging features, and outcome parameters of CHM. Overall, 12 cases from 4 centers were reviewed retrospectively together with 604 cases from the literature. Cardiac hematological malignancies were mainly represented by B-cell lymphoma (70.0%). Other entities were rarer. Almost half of the patients showed involvement of multiple cardiac structures. Most commonly right atrium, right ventricle, pericardium, left atrium, and left ventricle were affected in decreased order of frequency. Cardiac hematological malignancies manifested with 3 growth patterns: intracaval masses, heart wall infiltration, and pericardial effusion. Several subtypes of CHM tended to present with different patterns. Clinical presentation is unspecific—frequent signs were dyspnea (54.6%), arrhythmias (30.5%), and thoracic pain (18.5%). Outcome of CHM is poor with mean survival of 283.6 days for leukemias, 260.1 days for T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 217.9 days for B-cell NHL, and 155.5 days for multiple myeloma.
Implantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Tracheal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ikeda Masakazu , Imaizumi Mitsuyoshi , Yoshie Susumu , Nakamura Ryosuke , Otsuki Koshi , Murono Shigeyuki , Omori Koichi
Published: June 2017

Objectives:

Compared with using autologous tissue, the use of artificial materials in the regeneration of tracheal defects is minimally invasive. However, this technique requires early epithelialization on the inner side of the artificial trachea. After differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), tracheal epithelial tissues may be used to produce artificial tracheas. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate that after differentiation from fluorescent protein-labeled iPSCs, tracheal epithelial tissues survived in nude rats with tracheal defects.

Methods:

Red fluorescent tdTomato protein was electroporated into mouse iPSCs to produce tdTomato-labeled iPSCs. Embryoid bodies derived from these iPSCs were then cultured in differentiation medium supplemented with growth factors, followed by culture on air-liquid interfaces for further differentiation into tracheal epithelium. The cells were implanted with artificial tracheas into nude rats with tracheal defects on day 26 of cultivation. On day 7 after implantation, the tracheas were exposed and examined histologically.

Results:

Tracheal epithelial tissue derived from tdTomato-labeled iPSCs survived in the tracheal defects. Moreover, immunochemical analyses showed that differentiated tissues had epithelial structures similar to those of proximal tracheal tissues.

Conclusions:

After differentiation from iPSCs, tracheal epithelial tissues survived in rat bodies, warranting the use of iPSCs for epithelial regeneration in tracheal defects.
Examining the Timing of Educational Changes Among Elementary Schools After the Implementation of NCLB
Authors: Heck Ronald H. , Chang Jana
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This article examines the timing of changes of key educational process indicators within three groups of elementary schools after No Child Left Behind (NCLB) implementation: schools that met adequate yearly progress targets consistently, schools that entered restructuring due to prolonged academic failure but failed to exit, and schools that entered restructuring status but managed to improve sufficiently to return to good standing. We examine whether the timing of restructuring disrupted routine educational processes in failing schools and whether resulting changes in those processes were associated with the timing of exiting restructuring status. Research Methods: We utilize a time-series design and growth mixture modeling with known classes to identify a set of process changes and context indicators that maximally differentiate the classes of schools according to their NCLB restructuring status. Findings: First, we found restructuring disrupted entrenched organizational routines. Second, changes in teacher views regarding the quality of key school processes such as leadership, instructional capacity, and sustained focus on school improvement were associated with corresponding changes in NCLB accountability status. Implications: The findings reinforce the view that school processes can be changed through intended action—be it external policy intervention or strategic responses of site-level leadership. Our longitudinal examination of changes in school NCLB accountability status over time supports the view that low-performing schools can evolve through a process of reorientation, change, and convergence—a developmental process that can take a decade or longer to unfold from falling into sanction status to climbing out after a considerable period in externally monitored restructuring status.
The effect of peer-led self-management education programmes for adolescents with asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Connie S , Melendez-Torres GJ
Published: June 2017

Background:

Adolescents with asthma face unique challenges due to hormonal changes, psychosocial development and healthcare transition. Peer-led self-management programmes may increase treatment adherence and social adjustment by addressing these challenges. The purpose of this study was to assess whether peer-led self-management programmes improve health outcomes for adolescents with asthma.

Methods:

Sixteen databases were searched in May 2015 for published and unpublished studies. Studies had to be randomised controlled trials (RCTs), include participants aged 10–19 years old with asthma, use a peer-led educational intervention that addressed self-management of asthma, and report a measure of health status or behaviour as an outcome. Trial quality and data extraction were based on pre-specified criteria. Results were pooled using a random-effects model with mean differences (MDs). Subgroup analysis was not possible due to limited data.

Results:

Of the 1,887 articles retrieved, 4 studies ( n = 1,937 participants) met the inclusion criteria. One study was excluded from meta-analysis due to unextractable data. There was a small, statistically non-significant increase in participants’ quality of life (MD = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.29, 1.69, p = .16), and a small, statistically non-significant decrease in lung function (MD = −1.36, 95% CI = −9.98, 7.26, p = .76). In one RCT, interventions reduced asthma symptoms and improved self-management. Scarcity of data made meta-analysis unfeasible, and studies had unclear or high risk of bias.

Discussion:

There is limited evidence that peer-led self-management programmes improve quality of life or lung function for adolescents with asthma. RCTs investigating more diverse and longer term outcomes are needed.
Upper Extremity Muscle Activity During In-Phase and Anti-Phase Continuous Pushing Tasks
Authors: Gruevski Kristina M. , Hodder Joanne N. , Keir Peter J.
Published: June 2017

Objective:

To determine the effect of anti-phase, in-phase bimanual and unimanual simulated industrial pushing tasks and frequency on upper extremity muscle activity.

Background:

Research investigating symmetrical (in-phase) and asymmetrical (anti-phase) pushing exertions is limited despite a high prevalence in industry.

Methods:

Fifteen female participants completed five pushing tasks using a dual handle apparatus at three frequencies: 15 cycles per minute (cpm), 30 cpm, and self-selected. Tasks included two bimanual symmetrical pushes (constrained and unconstrained), two bimanual asymmetrical pushes (reciprocating and continuous), and one right unimanual push. Surface electromyography (EMG) from the right anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid (AD, MD, and PD); right and left trapezius (RT and LT); right pectoralis major (PM); and right and left external obliques (REO and LEO) was collected and normalized to maximum voluntary effort.

Results:

There was a task by frequency interaction in the AD, MD, PD, and RT ( p < .005), where activity in AD, MD, and PD was highest in the continuous task at 15 cpm, but activity was similar across task in 30 cpm and self-selected. Muscle activity coefficient of variation was lowest during continuous task across all frequencies.

Conclusion:

Continuous, anti-phase pushes and constrained, in-phase pushes had the highest muscle activity demands and the least amount of variability in muscle activity and therefore may present the greatest risk of injury.

Application:

Anti-phase pushing is known to have a greater cognitive demand, and this study demonstrated that it also has a greater physical demand when performed continuously.
Occupational limbo, transitional liminality and permanent liminality: New conceptual distinctions
Authors: Bamber Matthew , Allen-Collinson Jacquelyn , McCormack John
Published: June 2017

This article contributes new theoretical perspectives and empirical findings to the conceptualization of occupational liminality. Here, we posit ‘occupational limbo’ as a state distinct from both transitional and permanent liminality; an important analytic distinction in better understanding occupational experiences. In its anthropological sense, liminality refers to a state of being betwixt and between; it is temporary and transitional. Permanent liminality refers to a state of being neither-this-nor-that, or both-this-and-that. We extend this framework in proposing a conceptualization of occupational limbo as always- this- and-never- that, where this is less desirable than that. Based on interviews with 51 teaching-only staff at 20 research-intensive ‘Russell Group’ universities in the United Kingdom, the findings highlight some challenging occupational experiences. Interviewees reported feeling ‘locked-in’ to an uncomfortable state by a set of structural and social barriers often perceived as insurmountable. Teaching-only staff were found to engage in negative and often self-depreciatory identity talk that highlighted a felt inability to cross the līmen to the elevated status of ‘proper academics’. The research findings and the new conceptual framework provide analytic insights with wider application to other occupational spheres, and can thus enhance the understanding not just of teaching-only staff and academics, but also of other workers and managers.
The relevance of Global Standards to social work education in Australasia
Authors: McNabb David John , Connolly Marie
Published: June 2017

Underpinned by the Global Standards published for the promotion of quality social work education, and as a benchmark for social work education at national levels, a qualitative content analysis is conducted to explore the alignment of national standards of the Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia regulatory bodies with the Global Standards. A number of equity issues are identified: service users and student participation, student representativeness, indigenous rights and political action, gender and cultural equity, and equitable access. The implications for social work education internationally are considered, including a possibility of the role of the Global Standards in democratizing social work education.
A New Sugarcane Cystatin Strongly Binds to Dental Enamel and Reduces Erosion
Authors: Santiago A.C. , Khan Z.N. , Miguel M.C. , Gironda C.C. , Soares-Costa A. , Pelá V.T. , Leite A.L. , Edwardson J.M. , Buzalaf M.A.R. , Henrique-Silva F.
Published: June 2017

Cystatin B was recently identified as an acid-resistant protein in acquired enamel pellicle; it could therefore be included in oral products to protect against caries and erosion. However, human recombinant cystatin is very expensive, and alternatives to its use are necessary. Phytocystatins are reversible inhibitors of cysteine peptidases that are found naturally in plants. In plants, they have several biological and physiological functions, such as the regulation of endogenous processes, defense against pathogens, and response to abiotic stress. Previous studies performed by our research group have reported high inhibitory activity and potential agricultural and medical applications of several sugarcane cystatins, including CaneCPI-1, CaneCPI-2, CaneCPI-3, and CaneCPI-4. In the present study, we report the characterization of a novel sugarcane cystatin, named CaneCPI-5. This cystatin was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli, and inhibitory assays demonstrated that it was a potent inhibitor of human cathepsins B, K, and L ( Ki = 6.87, 0.49, and 0.34 nM, respectively). The ability of CaneCPI-5 to bind to dental enamel was evaluated using atomic force microscopy. Its capacity to protect against initial enamel erosion was also tested in vitro via changes in surface hardness. CaneCPI-5 showed a very large force of interaction with enamel (e.g., compared with mucin and casein) and significantly reduced initial enamel erosion. These results suggest that the inclusion of CaneCPIs in dental products might confer protection against enamel erosion.