bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zintl Clusters as Wet‐Chemical Precursors for Germanium Nanomorphologies with Tunable Composition
Authors: Bentlohner Manuel M. , Waibel Markus , Zeller Patrick , Sarkar Kuhu , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina , Fässler Thomas F.
Published: December 2015

[Ge9]4− Zintl clusters are used as soluble germanium source for a bottom–up fabrication of Ge nanomorphologies such as inverse opal structures with tunable composition. The method is based on the assembly and oxidation of [Ge9]4− clusters in a template mold using SiCl4, GeCl4, and PCl3 leading to Si and P‐containing Ge phases as shown by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. [Ge9]4− clusters are retained using ethylenediamine (en) as a transfer medium to a mold after removal of the solvent if water is thoroughly excluded, but are oxidized to amorphous Ge in presence of water traces. 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals the oxidative deprotonation of en by [Ge9]4−. Subsequent annealing leads to crystalline Ge. As an example for wet‐chemical synthesis of complex Ge nanomorphologies, we describe the fabrication of undoped and P‐doped inverse opal‐structured Ge films with a rather low oxygen contents. The morphology of the films with regular volume porosity is characterized by SEM, TEM, and grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering.
Switching on the Metathesis Activity of Re Oxo Alkylidene Surface Sites through a Tailor‐Made Silica–Alumina Support
Authors: Valla Maxence , Stadler David , Mougel Victor , Copéret Christophe
Published: December 2015

Re oxo alkylidene surface species are putative active sites in classical heterogeneous Re‐based alkene‐metathesis catalysts. However, the lack of evidence for such species questions their existence and/or relevance as reaction intermediates. Using Re(O)(=CH‐CH=CPh2)(OtBuF6)3(THF), the corresponding well‐defined Re oxo alkylidene surface species can be generated on both silica and silica–alumina supports. While inactive on the silica support, it displays very good activity, even for functionalized olefins, on the silica–alumina support.
Light‐Regulated Polymerization under Near‐Infrared/Far‐Red Irradiation Catalyzed by Bacteriochlorophyll a
Authors: Shanmugam Sivaprakash , Xu Jiangtao , Boyer Cyrille
Published: December 2015

Photoregulated polymerizations are typically conducted using high‐energy (UV and blue) light, which may lead to undesired side reactions. Furthermore, as the penetration of visible light is rather limited, the range of applications with such wavelengths is likewise limited. We herein report the first living radical polymerization that can be activated and deactivated by irradiation with near‐infrared (NIR) and far‐red light. Bacteriochlorophyll a (Bachl a) was employed as a photoredox catalyst for photoinduced electron transfer/reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization. Well‐defined polymers were thus synthesized within a few hours under NIR (λ=850 nm) and far‐red (λ=780 nm) irradiation with excellent control over the molecular weight (Mn/Mw<1.25). Taking advantage of the good penetration of NIR light, we showed that the polymerization also proceeded smoothly when a translucent barrier was placed between light source and reaction vessel.
Synthesis of 10 nm β‐NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4 Core/Shell Upconversion Nanocrystals with 5 nm Particle Cores
Authors: Rinkel Thorben , Raj Athira Naduviledathu , Dühnen Simon , Haase Markus
Published: December 2015

A new method is presented for preparing gram amounts of very small core/shell upconversion nanocrystals without additional codoping of the particles. First, ca. 5 nm β‐NaYF4:Yb,Er core particles are formed by the reaction of sodium oleate, rare‐earth oleate, and ammonium fluoride, thereby making use of the fact that a high ratio of sodium to rare‐earth ions promotes the nucleation of a large number of β‐phase seeds. Thereafter, a 2 nm thick NaYF4 shell is formed by using 3–4 nm particles of α‐NaYF4 as a single‐source precursor for the β‐phase shell material. In contrast to the core particles, however, these α‐phase particles are prepared with a low ratio of sodium to rare‐earth ions, which efficiently suppresses an undesired nucleation of β‐NaYF4 particles during shell growth.
Efficient Synthesis of Primary Nitrocarbamates of Sugar Alcohols: From Food to Energetic Materials
Authors: Axthammer Quirin J. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard
Published: December 2015

The synthesis of various new polyvalent nitrocarbamates derived from sugar alcohols was accomplished by an economically benign two‐step synthesis. The precursor carbamates were synthesized with the reagent chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and further nitrated using mixed acid. The starting materials, sugar alcohols, are renewable biomass, mainly used in food and cosmetic industry. The structures of one carbamate and one nitrocarbamate were exemplary described by single‐crystal X‐ray‐analysis. The heat of formation is calculated by the use of isodesmic reactions and the energetic performance data were estimated. All compounds were fully characterized by elemental analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, 1H, 13C, and 14/15N NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (DSC). The nitrocarbamates exhibit good detonation performance and have significantly lower sensitivities compared to the commonly used nitrate ester explosive PETN.
Overcoming low yields of plant‐made antibodies by a protein engineering approach
Authors: Zischewski Julia , Sack Markus , Fischer Rainer
Published: December 2015

The commercial development of plant‐based antibody production platforms is often limited by low and variable yields, but little is known about the factors that affect antibody accumulation during and after translation. Here, we present a strategy to identify yield‐limiting regions in the transcript and protein. We exchanged variable heavy chain (VH) domain sequences between two human antibodies at structurally conserved positions, thus creating ten chimeric VH domains containing sequences from M12 (∼1000 μg/g leaf fresh weight [FW]) and 4E10 (∼100 μg/g FW). After transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, we measured mRNA and protein levels by quantitative real‐time PCR and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Transcript levels were similar for all constructs, but antibody levels ranged from ∼250 μg/g to over 2000 μg/g FW. Analysis of the expression levels showed that: i) 4E10 yields were only marginally increased by suppression of post‐transcriptional gene silencing; ii) the CDR3 of 4E10 contains a protease site; and iii) a bipartite, yield‐limiting region exists in the CDR2/CDR3. Our findings highlight the strong impact of cotranslational and posttranslational events on antibody yields and show that protein engineering is a powerful tool that can be used to overcome the remaining limitations affecting antibody production in plants.
Polyclonal antibodies for specific detection of tobacco host cell proteins can be efficiently generated following RuBisCO depletion and the removal of endotoxins
Authors: Arfi Zulfaquar Ahmad , Hellwig Stephan , Drossard Jürgen , Fischer Rainer , Buyel Johannes Felix
Published: December 2015

The production of biopharmaceutical proteins in plants requires efficient downstream processing steps that remove impurities such as host cell proteins (HCPs) and adventitious endotoxins produced by bacteria during transient expression. We therefore strived to develop effective routines for endotoxin removal from plant extracts and the subsequent use of the extracts to generate antibodies detecting a broad set of HCPs. At first, we depleted the superabundant protein ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) for which PEG precipitation achieved the best results, preventing a dominant immune reaction against this protein. We found that a mixture of sera from rabbits immunized with pre‐depleted or post‐depleted extracts detected more HCPs than the individual sera used alone. We also developed a powerful endotoxin removal procedure using Polymyxin B for extracts from wild type plants or a combination of fiber‐flow filtration and EndoTrap Blue for tobacco plants infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The antibodies we generated will be useful for quality and performance assessment in future process development and the methods we present can easily be transferred to other expression systems rendering them useful in the field of plant molecular farming.
Five‐year analysis from phase 2 trial of “sandwich” chemoradiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Li , Jiang Ming , Xie Li , Zhang Hong , Jiang Yu , Yang Qun‐pei , Liu Wei‐ping , Zhang Wen‐yan , Zhuo Hong‐yu , Li Ping , Chen Nian‐yong , Zhao Sha , Wang Feng , Zou Li‐qun
Published: December 2015

The “sandwich” protocol, was first proposed by us and comprised of l‐asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy with radiotherapy, results in 2‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival rates that surpass traditional therapies for patients with newly diagnosed, stage IE‐IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma. The results had been published by cancer. These patients were followed up over a median period of 67 months, for which updates and the results of prognostic factors analyses are presented. The 5‐year overall survival and progress‐free survival rates were both 64%. The highest rates of death occurred during the first 6 months, and between the second and third year after enrollment. The initial therapeutic response (odds ratio = 5.83; P = 0.001) and B symptoms (odds ratio = 6.13; P = 0.043) were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. However, the international prognostic index was not significant for progress‐free survival and overall survival. There were no severe long‐term side effects. These results indicate that the “sandwich” protocol may benefit the long‐term survival of patients with newly diagnosed stage IE‐IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma. However, additional studies with larger samples are required to confirm these results. This study is registered at www.Chictr.org (ChicTR‐TNC‐09000394).
Addressing the Conceptual Challenges of Equity Work: A Blueprint for Getting Started
Authors: Castro Erin L.
Published: December 2015

This chapter provides an introduction to and description of educational equity. It outlines common traps to avoid when engaging equity‐oriented practices in community college contexts.
Why Diversity and Equity Matter: Reflections from a Community College President
Authors: Rodriguez Francisco C.
Published: December 2015

What roles can leaders play to create, nurture, and sustain a campus culture that can ultimately lead to improving student success, to diversifying the ranks of faculty and administrators, and to facilitating meaningful engagement concerning the critical issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion? This chapter offers the candid views and suggestions of an accidental leader, who now leads one of the largest community college districts in the nation.
Black Men Attending Community Colleges: Examining an Institutional Approach Toward Equity
Authors: Baber Lorenzo , Fletcher Randy , Graham Edmund
Published: December 2015

Through an illustrative example of Together We Achieve at Parkland College in Champaign, Illinois, this chapter outlines an institutional approach for improving conditions for Black men on campus.
Intermetallic Compounds as Selective Heterogeneous Catalysts: Insights from DFT
Authors: Krajčí Marian , Hafner Jürgen
Published: December 2015

During the last decade, it has been demonstrated that the use of intermetallic compounds composed of simple and transition metals as catalysts leads to improved activity and selectivity for a number of industrially important processes. Herein, we discuss the insight gained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the example of the semihydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene catalyzed by compounds of Pd with Ga or Al and of Co or Fe with Al. Investigations of the potentially active surfaces demonstrate that the chemical composition of nonstoichiometric surfaces depends strongly on the preparation conditions. Ga‐ or Al‐terminated surfaces are catalytically inactive because they cannot dissociate hydrogen, but Pd‐terminated surfaces are also unfavorable because the activation energy for the rate‐controlling step is higher than the desorption energy of acetylene. Active sites promoting a selective semihydrogenation are triangular groups consisting of two simple‐metal (Al, Ga) atoms and one transition‐metal (Pd, Co) atom. Acetylene is strongly bound to simple‐metal atoms in a di‐σ configuration, whereas ethylene is weakly π bonded on top of a transition‐metal atom. The change from strong to weak bonding is of great importance for the selectivity of the process. The novel point elucidated by the DFT calculations is the strong reactivity of the non‐transition‐metal atoms arising from the strong metallocovalent bonding in the compounds, which also contributes to their stability.
Ruthenium Dispersion: A Key Parameter for the Stability of Supported Ruthenium Catalysts during Catalytic Supercritical Water Gasification
Authors: Peng Gaël , Ludwig Christian , Vogel Frédéric
Published: December 2015

The catalytic supercritical water gasification of isopropanol (450 °C, 30 MPa) over Ru catalysts supported on carbon and metal oxides was performed in a fixed‐bed plug flow reactor. The Ru loading was between 1.2 and 2 %. The catalyst stability over a period of 50 h was in the order: Ru/C>Ru/ZrO2>Ru/Al2O3≈Ru/TiO2. Considerable coke deposits were found on Ru/Al2O3 and Ru/TiO2, which suggests that coke formation was responsible for the loss of activity, whereas the coke content was much lower on Ru/C and Ru/ZrO2, which confirms their better coking resistance. Clearly, Ru/C was the most stable catalyst as a loss of only 3 % of its initial activity was measured. The high Ru dispersion of Ru/C and Ru/ZrO2 was beneficial for the improvement of the catalyst stability because of the higher gasification rate versus the coke formation rate.
Polarized Neutron Diffraction as a Tool for Mapping Molecular Magnetic Anisotropy: Local Susceptibility Tensors in CoII Complexes
Authors: Ridier Karl , Gillon Béatrice , Gukasov Arsen , Chaboussant Grégory , Cousson Alain , Luneau Dominique , Borta Ana , Jacquot Jean‐François , Checa Ruben , Chiba Yukako , Sakiyama Hiroshi , Mikuriya Masahiro
Published: December 2015

Polarized neutron diffraction (PND) experiments were carried out at low temperature to characterize with high precision the local magnetic anisotropy in two paramagnetic high‐spin cobalt(II) complexes, namely [CoII(dmf)6](BPh4)2 (1) and [CoII2(sym‐hmp)2](BPh4)2 (2), in which dmf=N,N‐dimethylformamide; sym‐hmp=2,6‐bis[(2‐hydroxyethyl)methylaminomethyl]‐4‐methylphenolate, and BPh4−=tetraphenylborate. This allowed a unique and direct determination of the local magnetic susceptibility tensor on each individual CoII site. In compound 1, this approach reveals the correlation between the single‐ion easy magnetization direction and a trigonal elongation axis of the CoII coordination octahedron. In exchange‐coupled dimer 2, the determination of the individual CoII magnetic susceptibility tensors provides a clear outlook of how the local magnetic properties on both CoII sites deviate from the single‐ion behavior because of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling.
Protein Adsorption Switch Constructed by a Pillar[5]arene‐Based Host–Guest Interaction
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Nie Guanrong , Zhang Xiaoyan , Tian Demei , Li Haibing
Published: December 2015

The interfacial properties of solid substrates are of importance for protein adsorption. Herein, we report a reversible protein adsorption switch based on the host–guest interaction of the butoxy pillar[5]arene and adipic acid. By the detector of the contact angle (CA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and luminoscope on the silicon substrate, the intelligent protein switch exhibits excellent adsorptivity for BSA and switch performance by pH regulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Cubic Structure of the Mixed Halide Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3‐xClx via Thermal Annealing.
Authors: Luo Deying , Yu Leiming , Wang Hai , Zou Taoyu , Luo Li , Liu Zhu , Lu Zhenghong
Published: December 2015

Cubic MeNH3PbI3‐xClx films of 530 nm thickness and a large crystalline structure are obtained by vacuum deposition using MeNH3I and PbCl2 in the molar ratio of 3:1 as precursors in alumina crucibles, followed by thermal treatment at 70‐120 °C for 1 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Rare‐Earth Arsenides REAg1‐xZnyAs2 (RE: La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Dy) with Tetragonal SrZnBi2‐ and HfCuSi2‐Type Structures.
Authors: Ramachandran Krishna K. , Genet Clement , Mar Arthur
Published: December 2015

The title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (silica tubes, 800 °C, 20 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and TB‐LMTO‐ASA band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Unravelling the Proton Conduction Mechanism from Room Temperature to 553 K in a 3D Inorganic Coordination Framework.
Authors: Wang Yaxing , Tao Zetian , Yin Xuemiao , Shu Jie , Chen Lanhua , Sheng Daopeng , Chai Zhifang , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , Wang Shuao
Published: December 2015

HNd(IO3)4 is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of Nd2O3, H5IO6, and H2O (autoclave, 160 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Book‐Like K0.23V2O5 Crystals and Their Electrochemical Behavior in Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Xu Maowen , Han Jin , Li Guannan , Niu Yubin , Liu Sangui , Hou Junke , Wang Minqiang , Song Jie , Li Chang Ming
Published: December 2015

K0.23V2O5 crystals are obtained by hydrothermal reaction of an aqueous solution of NH4VO3 and KSCN (autoclave, 210 °C, 1 d) followed by staged calcination of the precipitate in air (400, 450, and 500 °C, 4 h per stage).
ChemInform Abstract: Zintl‐Phase Sr3LiAs2H: Crystal Structure and Chemical Bonding Analysis by the Electron Localizability Approach.
Authors: Feng Xian‐Juan , Prots Yurii , Bobnar Matej , Schmidt Marcus Peter , Schnelle Walter , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Grin Yuri
Published: December 2015

Sr3LiAs2H is prepared by melting and sintering of the elements and LiH in the molar ratio of Sr:LiH:Li:As = 3:1:1:2 (Ta crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazyl Trifluoride (NSF3) Adducts and Imidodifluorosulfate (F2OSN‐) Derivatives of Hg(OTeF5)2.
Authors: DeBackere John R. , Mercier Helene P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J.
Published: December 2015

Reactions of Hg(OTeF5)2 with excess amounts of NSF3 in SO2ClF or Freon‐114 (FEP reaction vessel, 0 °C, 2 d) result in the formation of NSF3 adducts of the compositions [Hg(OTeF5)2·NSF3]∞ (I), [Hg(OTeF5)2·2NSF3]2 (II), and Hg3(OTeF5)6·4NSF3 (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Composite of Complex and Chemical Hydrides Yields the First Al‐Based Amidoborane with Improved Hydrogen Storage Properties.
Authors: Dovgaliuk Iurii , Jepsen Lars H. , Safin Damir A. , Lodziana Zbigniew , Dyadkin Vadim , Jensen Torben R. , Devillers Michel , Filinchuk Yaroslav
Published: December 2015

Na[Al(NH2BH3)4] is obtained by ball milling of a NaAlH4‐4AB (AB: NH3BH3) composite under the release of 4.5 wt.% of H2.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba2AsGaSe5: A New Quaternary Selenide with the Novel [AsGaSe5]4‐ Cluster and Interesting Photocatalytic Properties.
Authors: Li Chao , Li Xiaoshuang , Huang Hongwei , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: December 2015

Crystals of Ba2AsGaSe5 are prepared by a solid state reaction of a 4:1:1 molar mixture of BaSe, As2Se3, and Ga2Se3 (evacuated silica tubes, 900 °C, 2 d; cooling to 350 °C at a rate of 3 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of Lead Phosphite Compounds.
Authors: Song Jun‐Ling , Hu Chun‐Li , Xu Xiang , Kong Fang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: December 2015

The new compound (III) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmc21 with Z = 8 (powder XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Rock Salt Superstructure Sulfide Lu2CrS4 with Jahn—Teller Distortion.
Authors: Tezuka Keitaro , Wakeshima Makoto , Nozawa Masataka , Oshikane Keita , Ohoyama Kenji , Shan Yue Jin , Imoto Hideo , Hinatsu Yukio
Published: December 2015

Lu2CrS4 is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric proportions of CrS and Lu2S3 (C‐coated evacuated silica tube, 1300 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Umpolung Reactions of Imines.
Authors: Wu Yongwei , Hu Lin , Li Zhe , Deng Li
Published: December 2015

New chiral phase‐transfer organocatalysts promote asymmetric umpolung reactions of imines with C‐electrophilic α‐enals.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heterocyclic Product Space for the Castagnoli—Cushman Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Dar'in Dmitry , Bakulina Olga , Chizhova Maria , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: December 2015

The use of heteroatom containing analogues of glutaric anhydride in the Castagnoli—Cushman type reaction with imines gives predominately the corresponding trans substituted heterocyclic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(III)‐Catalyzed Trityl Benzyl Ether Formation and Disproportionation Cascade Reactions to Yield Benzaldehydes.
Authors: Cheng Maosheng , et al.
Published: December 2015

Depending only on temperature, FeCl3‐catalyzed microwave‐assisted reaction of benzyl alcohols with tritanol gives either the trityl benzyl ethers (III) or benzaldehydes (IV) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: CaII‐Catalyzed Alkenylation of Alcohols with Vinylboronic Acids.
Authors: Leboeuf David , Presset Marc , Michelet Bastien , Bour Christophe , Bezzenine‐Lafollee Sophie , Gandon Vincent
Published: December 2015

Alkenylation of alcohols with vinylboronic acids is readily achieved in generally moderate to good yields using Ca(NTf2)2 as an air stable catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Nicotinic Acid Based Pseudopeptides Bearing an Amidoxime Function.
Authors: Ovdiichuk Olga V. , Hordiyenko Olga V. , Medviediev Volodymyr V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Arrault Axelle
Published: December 2015

2‐Cyanonicotinic acid reacts with amino acid esters to form pseudoeptides (IV) and (VII) or cyclized products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Chiral Allenoates from the Asymmetric C—H Insertion of α‐Diazoesters into Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Tang Yu , Chen Quangang , Liu Xiaohua , Wang Gang , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: December 2015

The title reaction becomes possible in the presence of Cu(I) agents and chiral cationic guanidinium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroalkylation of 2‐Fluoroallyl Acetates: Synthesis of Vinylmalonic Acid Ester Derivatives.
Authors: Kuki Shihori , Futamura Takashi , Suzuki Ryo , Yamamoto Mitsuaki , Minakawa Maki , Kawatsura Motoi
Published: December 2015

Products are preferentially formed as the Z‐isomers whereby the E/Z ratio is strongly dependent on the substitution of the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinitrogen Extrusion from Enoldiazo Compounds under Thermal Conditions: Synthesis of Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropenes.
Authors: Deng Yongming , Jing Changcheng , Doyle Michael P.
Published: December 2015

A convenient, metal‐free protocol for the quantitative transformation of various N‐alkyl and N‐benzyl substituted enoldiazoacetamides into donor‐acceptor cyclopropenes is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Iridium/S‐Me‐BIPAM‐Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Bicycloalkenes.
Authors: Shirai Tomohiko , Yamamoto Yasunori
Published: December 2015

Especially, the reactions between 2‐norbornene with N,N‐dialkylbenzamides are highly enantioselective (up to 99% e.e.) and proceed with high selectivity for the mono‐ortho‐arylation product.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of Hindered Electrophiles via C—H Functionalization in a Palladium‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Domino Reaction.
Authors: Qureshi Zafar , Schlundt Waldemar , Lautens Mark
Published: December 2015

Sterically congested 1,2,3‐trisubstituted aromatic compounds are obtained by incorporation of various hindered secondary alkyl iodides starting from a range of aryl iodides via intermolecular Catellani reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Photoredox‐Mediated Chloro‐, Bromo‐, or Iodotrifluoromethylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Carboni Aude , Dagousset Guillaume , Magnier Emmanuel , Masson Geraldine
Published: December 2015

A wide range of terminal and internal styrenes as well as various aliphatic alkenes are utilized for the direct vicinal halotrifluoromethylation using Umemoto′s reagent as the CF3‐ source.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition of Diboron Catalyzed by O‐Monoacyltartaric Acids.
Authors: Sugiura Masaharu , Ishikawa Wakoto , Kuboyama Yukinobu , Nakajima Makoto
Published: December 2015

A tartaric acid derivative catalyzes the conjugate addition of diboron (III) to α,β‐unsaturated ketones with moderate to good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Divergent and Selective Synthesis of ortho‐ and para‐Quinones from Phenols.
Authors: Huang Zheng , Kwon Ohhyeon , Esguerra Kenneth Virgel N. , Lumb Jean‐Philip
Published: December 2015

A copper(I)‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of phenols to difunctionalized aryloxy‐ortho‐quinones is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Amidation of Aldehyde with Amine under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Yang Hongyin , Hu Wenjian , Deng Shengjue , Wu Tiantian , Cen Haiman , Chen Yiping , Zhang Dela , Wang Bo
Published: December 2015

The title reaction proceeds in the presence of trichloroisocyanuric acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Intermolecular Haloetherification and Haloesterification of Allyl Amides.
Authors: Soltanzadeh Bardia , Jaganathan Arvind , Staples Richard J. , Borhan Babak
Published: December 2015

A broad spectrum of (E) or (Z) configurated allylamide substrates is subjected to the reaction with MeOH in the presence of DCH.
ChemInform Abstract: Remazol‐Catalyzed Hydroperoxyarylation of Styrenes.
Authors: Chen Ying‐Ho , Lee Ming , Lin Yi‐Zhen , Leow Dasheng
Published: December 2015

A variety of hydroperoxides are obtained under mild reaction conditions by carbooxygenation of styrenes using RBBR as novel photosensitizer and air as molecular oxygen source.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Oxide Catalyzed, Tetrachlorosilane‐Mediated Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reactions of Thioesters.
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Annunziata Rita , Cozzi Franco , Raimondi Laura Maria
Published: December 2015

The title reaction between aryl substituted thioesters and aryl or hetaryl esters provides the corresponding β‐hydroxy thioesters in moderate yield, with no to excellent diastereomeric and moderate to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydroxysulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sodium Sulfinates.
Authors: Taniguchi Nobukazu
Published: December 2015

The aerobic reaction of alkenes with sodium sulfinates (II) leads to hydroxysulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Blaise/Palladium‐Catalyzed Ullmann Coupling for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Enamino Ester‐Functionalized Biaryls from Nitriles.
Authors: Xuan Zi , Kim Ju Hyun , Lee Sang‐gi
Published: December 2015

The reaction of 2‐bromoarylnitriles (I) with Reformatsky reagent followed by Pd‐catalyzed Ullmann‐type homocoupling of Blaise reaction intermediates affords biaryls (III), which can be easily converted into dibenzo[c,e]azepine derivatives (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polysubstituted γ‐Butenolides via a Radical Pathway: Cyclization of α‐Bromo Aluminium Acetals and Comparison with the Cyclization of α‐Bromoesters at High Temperature.
Authors: Beneteau Romain , Despiau Carole F. , Rouaud Jean‐Christophe , Boussonniere Anne , Silvestre Virginie , Lebreton Jacques , Denes Fabrice
Published: December 2015

A four‐step one‐pot procedure involving generation of α‐bromo aluminum acetals, their subsequent radical cyclization followed by oxidation of the resulting cyclic aluminum acetals and base promoted double bond migration is developed to convert α‐bromoesters derived from propargylic alcohols to butenolides.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Carbonylation of Alkylamines: A Powerful Route to γ‐Lactams and γ‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Wang Pei‐Long , Li Yan , Wu Yun , Li Chao , Lan Quan , Wang Xi‐Sheng
Published: December 2015

The synthetic utility of the method is demonstrated by its application in the synthesis of racemic pregabalin (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Conversion of Carbohydrates into Pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehydes as Sustainable Platform Chemicals.
Authors: Adhikary Nirmal Das , Kwon Sunjeong , Chung Wook‐Jin , Koo Sangho
Published: December 2015

Carbohydrates such as glucose (I) are converted into title compounds (III) by the reaction with primary amines (II) in the presence of oxalic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluorinated Isoindolinones Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Amination of Enantioenriched Benzylic Carbamates.
Authors: Barrio Pablo , Ibanez Ignacio , Herrera Lidia , Roman Raquel , Catalan Silvia , Fustero Santos
Published: December 2015

During the carbonylation process, a significant loss of optical purity is observed for substrates bearing electron withdrawing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Domino Addition—Enolate Arylation: Generation of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles via a Rh(lll) Intermediate.
Authors: Jang Young Jin , Yoon Hyung , Lautens Mark
Published: December 2015

Rhodium‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of o‐bromoaniline derived acrylamides (I) with various trifluoroborates affords oxindole derivatives in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Domino Cyclization and Carboxylation to Synthesize Carboxylic Acids by Utilizing Chloroform as the Carbon Monoxide Source.
Authors: Liu Xianglei , Li Bin , Gu Zhenhua
Published: December 2015

A wide range of indoline derivatives are synthesized using CHCl3 as convenient and safe alternation for the introduction of the carboxylic acid moiety instead of CO gas.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straight Access to Functionalized Carbazoles by Tandem Reaction Between Indole and Nitrobutadienes.
Authors: Bianchi Lara , Maccagno Massimo , Pani Marcella , Petrillo Giovanni , Scapolla Carlo , Tavani Cinzia
Published: December 2015

The reaction of nitrobutadienes (I) with indole leads to 1,3,4‐ and 1,2,4‐nitrocarbazoles (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly Chemoselective N‐Functionalization of Isatins Mediated by Supported KF in 2‐MeTHF.
Authors: Mamuye Ashenafi Damtew , Monticelli Serena , Castoldi Laura , Holzer Wolfgang , Pace Vittorio
Published: December 2015

The title method is applicable to a wide range of alkyl halides and acyl donors as well as Michael acceptors.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to 3‐Aminoindazoles from Tertiary Amides.
Authors: Cyr Patrick , Regnier Sophie , Bechara William S. , Charette Andre B.
Published: December 2015

Benzamides [e.g. (I)] react with nucleophilic hydrazides (e.g. [II]) to give aminohydrazones [e.g. (III)], which undergo Pd‐catalyzed C—H amination to afford aminoindazoles [e.g. (IV)].
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Approach to CF3‐Containing N‐Heterocycles Based on 2‐Methoxy‐2‐methyl‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)furan‐3(2H)‐one.
Authors: Bazhin Denis N. , Kudyakova Yulia S. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Burgart Yanina V. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Isenov Maksim L. , Saloutin Victor I. , Charushin Valery N.
Published: December 2015

New synthetic routes to trifluoromethylated N‐heterocycles based on condensations of the title furanone with bifunctional N‐nucleophiles are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp3)—H Functionalization: Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Oxazoles from N‐Arylethylamides.
Authors: Samanta Supravat , Donthiri Ramachandra Reddy , Dinda Milan , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: December 2015

A wide range of the title oxazoles are obtained with good functional group tolerance using tBuOOH as oxidant under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(Benzylthio)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)thiazole‐5‐carboxylates Using S‐Benzylisothiouronium Halides as Thiol Equivalents.
Authors: Hickey Shane M. , White Jonathan M. , Pfeffer Frederick M. , Ashton Trent D.
Published: December 2015

S‐Benzylisothiouronium halides (II) obtained by reaction of thiourea and benzyl halides are used as odorless, stable thiol equivalents in the synthesis of 2‐benzylthio‐derivatives of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Tetrahydrochromeno[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐5(1H)‐ones via a One‐Pot Multicomponent Reaction in the Presence of 4‐Toluenesulfonic Acid.
Authors: Wang Xu , Kang Zhangping , Yang Xuyang , Yang Yang , Zhang Min , Song Liping , Deng Hongmei
Published: December 2015

The one‐pot three component reaction starts from dimedone or cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione, 2‐aryl‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐ones and aromatic aldehydes, and tolerates neither aromatic aldehydes with strongly electron‐withdrawing groups nor aliphatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Prins Cyclization of Enynols: Stereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclic Vinyl Fluorides.
Authors: Venkateswarlu Anipireddy , Kanakaraju Marumudi. , Kunwar Ajit C. , Rami Reddy Yellala V. , Reddy Basi V. S.
Published: December 2015

Isochromene derivatives are obtained from enynols and various aldehydes by a sequential Prins/alkynylation/fluorination domino process using stoichiometric amounts of AgSbF6.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 6‐Vinyl‐3,6‐dihydropyridine‐2(1H)‐ones Through Simple Addition of a Vinylmagnesium “Ate” Complex to 2‐Pyridones.
Authors: Sosnicki Jacek G. , Dzitkowski Przemyslaw , Struk Lukasz
Published: December 2015

Lithium vinyldimethylmagnesate can be formed directly by mixing of vinylMgCl and MeLi.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiopure 3‐Hydroxypiperidines from Sulfinyl Dienyl Amines by Diastereoselective Intramolecular Cyclization and [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement.
Authors: Simal Carmen , Bates Robert H. , Urena Mercedes , Gimenez Irene , Koutsou Christina , Infantes Lourdes , Fernandez de la Pradilla Roberto , Viso Alma
Published: December 2015

A wide range of tetrahydropyridin‐3‐ols is prepared by a general protocol starting from stereodefined 4‐sulfinyl dienyl amine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Isoquinolones: Nickel‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative Transannulation.
Authors: Fang Zhi‐Jia , Zheng Sheng‐Cai , Guo Zhen , Guo Jing‐Yao , Tan Bin , Liu Xin‐Yuan
Published: December 2015

Treatment of various benzotriazines with internal alkynes under conditions A) provides isoquinolines with an (R)‐axial chirality.
ChemInform Abstract: DBU‐Promoted Cyclization of Vinyl Isocyanides with Ethers via the Functionalization of a C(sp3)—H Bond for the Synthesis of Isoquinolines.
Authors: Qian Ping , Du Bingnan , Zhou Jie , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi
Published: December 2015

Multifunctionalized isoquinolines are obtained from readily available starting materials by a cascade base‐promoted radical cyclization and functionalization of aromatic vinyl isocyanates with cyclic ethers or thioether under simple conditions without use of any metal or photoredox catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst Controlled Divergent C4/C8 Site‐Selective C—H Arylation of Isoquinolones.
Authors: Lee Soyoung , Mah Shinmee , Hong Sungwoo
Published: December 2015

The Pd‐catalyzed arylation of isoquinolones (I) with aryliodonium salts leads to 4‐arylisoquinolones (III), whilst an Ir‐catalyzed reaction affords 8‐arylisoquinolones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C‐H Amination: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]‐N‐Heterocycles from N‐Heteroaryl Enaminones.
Authors: Reddy K. Ranjith , Reddy A. Siva , Shankar Ravi , Kant Rajni , Das Parthasarathi
Published: December 2015

Under ligand‐ and base‐free conditions imidazole‐containing heterocycles are formed in the presence of copper(I) salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Kumada Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Pyrimidin‐2‐yl Phosphates: An Efficient Approach to C2‐Functionalized Pyrimidines.
Authors: Xing Ting , Zhang Zhang , Da Yu‐Xia , Quan Zheng‐Jun , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: December 2015

Pyrimidine‐ and pyridine phosphates react with alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents in the presence of Fe(acac)3 under mild conditions to give the title compounds at room temperature within 15 minutes.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemo‐ and Regioselective Allylic Substitution with Tautomerizable Heteroarenes.
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Vemula Sandeep R. , Cook Gregory R.
Published: December 2015

A wide range of allylating reagents, solvents, metal catalysts and ligands are tested for an optimized chemo‐ and regioselective allylation of N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid One‐Pot Ugi Reaction Based Route to Novel Imidazole‐Fused Benzodiazepinones.
Authors: Bhattacharya Debleena , Mitra Sudipta , Chattopadhyay Partha
Published: December 2015

Ugi three‐component reaction generates key intermediates for a Mumm rearrangement to form the title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic C—H Borylation by Nickel Catalysis.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Hagihara Shinya , Itami Kenichiro
Published: December 2015

The first examples of a Ni‐catalyzed aromatic C—H borylation are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Synthesis of Highly Active and Stable Nickel‐Based Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane
Authors: Kawi Sibudjing , Kathiraser Yasotha , Ni Jun , Oemar Usman , Li Ziwei , Saw Eng Toon
Published: December 2015

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoporous Gold: Understanding the Origin of the Reactivity of a 21St Century Catalyst Made by Pre‐Columbian Technology
Authors: Biener Juergen , Biener Monika M. , Madix Robert J. , Friend Cynthia M.
Published: December 2015

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: π‐Conjugated Bis(terpyridine)metal Complex Molecular Wires
Authors: Sakamoto Ryota , Wu Kuo‐Hui , Matsuoka Ryota , Maeda Hiroaki , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: December 2015

Review: [bottom‐up fabrication of linear and branched bis(terpyridine)metal complex wires on electrode surfaces, which feature distinct and characteristic electronic functionalities such as intra‐wire redox conduction and excellent long‐range electron transport ability; 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Chemistry of Uranium Phosphonates
Authors: Yang Weiting , Parker T. Gannon , Sun Zhong‐Ming
Published: December 2015

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Acylpyrazolone Metal Complexes and Their Potential Applications
Authors: Marchetti Fabio , Pettinari Riccardo , Pettinari Claudio
Published: December 2015

Review: 189 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyanoalkylation: Alkylnitriles in Catalytic C—C Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Lopez Rosa , Palomo Claudio
Published: December 2015

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heavy Alkaline‐Earth Metal Organometallic and Metal Organic Chemistry: Synthetic Methods and Properties
Authors: Torvisco Ana , Ruhlandt‐Senge Karin
Published: December 2015

Review: 276 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multidimensional NMR Spectroscopy in a Single Scan
Authors: Gal Maayan , Frydman Lucio
Published: December 2015

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Renewable Feedstocks: The Problem of Catalyst Deactivation and its Mitigation
Authors: Lange Jean‐Paul
Published: December 2015

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Perspective on Gaseous Biofuel Production from Micro‐Algae Generated from CO2 from a Coal‐Fired Power Plant
Authors: Jacob Amita , Xia Ao , Murphy Jerry D.
Published: December 2015

Review: 48 refs.
A single diamagnetic catalyCEST MRI contrast agent that detects cathepsin B enzyme activity by using a ratio of two CEST signals
Authors: Hingorani Dina V. , Montano Luis A. , Randtke Edward A. , Lee Yeon Sun , Cárdenas‐Rodríguez Julio , Pagel Mark D.
Published: December 2015

CatalyCEST MRI can detect enzyme activity by monitoring the change in chemical exchange with water after a contrast agent is cleaved by an enzyme. Often these molecules use paramagnetic metals and are delivered with an additional non‐responsive reference molecule. To improve this approach for molecular imaging, a single diamagnetic agent with enzyme‐responsive and enzyme‐unresponsive CEST signals was synthesized and characterized. The CEST signal from the aryl amide disappeared after cleavage of a dipeptidyl ligand with cathepsin B, while a salicylic acid moiety was largely unresponsive to enzyme activity. The ratiometric comparison of the two CEST signals from the same agent allowed for concentration independent measurements of enzyme activity. The chemical exchange rate of the salicylic acid moiety was unchanged after enzyme catalysis, which further validated that this moiety was enzyme‐unresponsive. The temperature dependence of the chemical exchange rate of the salicylic acid moiety was non‐Arrhenius, suggesting a two‐step chemical exchange mechanism for salicylic acid. The good detection sensitivity at low saturation power facilitates clinical translation, along with the potentially low toxicity of a non‐metallic MRI contrast agent. The modular design of the agent constitutes a platform technology that expands the variety of agents that may be employed by catalyCEST MRI for molecular imaging. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reinforced bending load‐stressed masonry – Suggestions for future designs / Bewehrtes biegedruckbeanspruchtes Mauerwerk – Vorschläge für zukünftige Bemessungen
Authors: Gunkler Erhard
Published: December 2015

European standardization bodies are currently working on the amendment to EN 1996‐1‐1, which will also affect the evaluation of reinforced masonry in Germany. For that reason, discussion suggestions are being made here for revisions to lay the groundwork for building materials evaluations and especially, evaluations of bending load‐stressed masonry walls or beams at their serviceability limit state (SLS) for load‐bearing capacities. Information already presented in E DIN 1053‐3:2008‐03 [N3] is being incorporated as well.

Characteristic values for the compressive strength of the masonry parallel to the bed joints fk,∥ are essential for the design of reinforced masonry, although they are currently not included in national application documents for Germany. For the time being, they can be mathematically calculated using conversion factors for the characteristic compressive strength values vertical to the bed joints fk or by using the declared axial compressive strengths of the masonry units.

The ultimate strains for masonry in general should be set consistently at ϵmu = ∣–0.002∣ as several masonry types do not exhibit higher compressive strain values. The use of steel strains higher than ϵsu = 0.005 does not change any measurement results. Varying stress‐strain curves of the constitutive equations on masonry under compressive strain (parabolic, parabolic‐rectangular, tension block) lead to differing values of recordable bending moments despite having the same mechanical reinforcement percentage at higher normal forces. Therefore, clear guidelines should be made for the type of applicable constitutive equation for masonry walls under compressive strain. With the introduction of a tension block, the number values of the reduction factors λ for the compression zone height x, which is dependent on limit strains, and where applicable, reduced compressive strength, need to be determined, as with reinforced concrete construction.

A modification of the bending moment based on the second order theory according to [N4] is presented for the calculation of reinforced masonry walls in danger of buckling. The use of reduction factors for the load capacity of the masonry cross section, such as for unreinforced masonry, does not appear to be appropriate as buckling safety evidence because here, the design task is the determination of a required reinforcement cross section.
Redistribution of internal forces in the lateral bracing system / Schnittgrößenumlagerungen bei der Gebäudeaussteifung
Authors: Michel Kenan , Jäger Wolfram , Steinigen Frank
Published: December 2015

The lateral bracing system of a building should ensure the stability of the building, in terms of the usability and the total load capacity. The governing loads for the lateral bracing system are horizontal loads due to wind and earthquake. The horizontal loads are traditionally distributed to the bracing elements according to the uncracked elastic state dependent on the bending stiffness in the elastic (uncracked) state. This method does not allow consideration of non‐linear effects and load redistribution. Within the framework of the PRB Research Cooperation – Improving the Practical Use of Structural Design Standards through pre‐normative work – Subcontract 5: Masonry Construction, Subproject 3: “Large Shear Walls” [7], the cracked or plastic state can be taken into account through a displacement based approach. A matrix formulation for both the linear and cracked states has been derived and implemented.
The simplified calculation method of DIN EN 1996‐3 in practice / Das vereinfachte Bemessungsverfahren von DIN EN 1996‐3 in der Praxis
Authors: Schermer Detleff
Published: December 2015

The design and detailing of masonry buildings was usually undertaken in the past using the simplified procedure in Section 6 of DIN 1053‐1 (1996‐11). With the changeover to the new European code, a new procedure has been made available with the simplified calculation method of DIN EN 1996‐3, which promises similarly simple and safe handling for the user. The practical implementation of this new code has been underway for some time. The article investigates the standard design cases and explains the innovations and alterations compared to DIN 1053‐1.
Understanding controls on flow permanence in intermittent rivers to aid ecological research: integrating meteorology, geology and land cover
Authors: Costigan Katie H. , Jaeger Kristin L. , Goss Charles W. , Fritz Ken M. , Goebel P. Charles
Published: December 2015

Intermittent rivers, those channels that periodically cease to flow, constitute over half of the total discharge of the global river network and will likely increase in their extent owing to climatic shifts and/or water resources development. Burgeoning research on intermittent river ecology has documented the importance of the meteorologic, geologic and land‐cover components of these ecosystems on structuring ecological communities, but mechanisms controlling flow permanence remain poorly understood. Here, we provide a framework of the meteorologic, geologic and land‐cover controls on intermittent streamflow across different spatio‐temporal scales and identify key research priorities to improve our understanding of intermittent systems so that we are better able to conserve, manage and protect them. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.