bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOFs vs. zeolites: carbonyl activation with M(iv) catalytic sites
Authors: Cirujano Francisco G.
Published: October 2017

Comparative review of the catalytic performance of isolated tetravalent metals as Lewis acid sites in zeolite and MOF materials.
Nanowire sensors monitor bacterial growth kinetics and response to antibiotics
Authors: Ibarlucea B. , Rim T. , Baek C. K. , de Visser J. A. G. M. , Baraban L. , Cuniberti G.
Published: October 2017

We monitor bacterial growth kinetics and response to bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics using silicon nanowire transistors.
pH responsive glycopolymer nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs
Authors: Yilmaz Gokhan , Guler Emine , Geyik Caner , Demir Bilal , Ozkan Melek , Odaci Demirkol Dilek , Ozcelik Serdar , Timur Suna , Becer C. Remzi
Published: October 2017

Over the past decade, there has been a great deal of interest in the integration of nanotechnology and carbohydrates.
Studies of copper trafficking in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by positron emission tomography: comparison of64Cu acetate and64CuGTSM
Authors: Andreozzi Erica M. , Torres Julia Baguña , Sunassee Kavitha , Dunn Joel , Walker-Samuel Simon , Szanda Istvan , Blower Philip J.
Published: October 2017

Positron emission tomography with64Cu demonstrates regionally selective delivery of copper to brain, which although modified in an Alzheimer's model, does not correlate with the location of amyloid plaques.
Preparation and physico-biochemical characterization of (Fe‚ Co‚ Ni) oxide nanoparticles-decorated PANI–MWCNTs as peroxidase mimetics
Authors: Salarizadeh Navvabeh , Sadri Minoo , Heydari Farhood , Seyyed Afghahi Seyyed Salman
Published: October 2017

A nanocomposite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyaniline and magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles can be used to catalyze the oxidation of peroxidase substrates.
Dual-emission ratiometric fluorescence detection of aspirin in human saliva: onsite naked-eye detection and high stability
Authors: Chen Li , Sun Lin , Zheng Jiahong , Dai Jiangdong , Wu Yilin , Dai Xiaohui , Li Chunxiang , Yan Yongsheng
Published: October 2017

A highly stable ratiometric fluorescence probe based on dual-emission QDs was designed for the visual detection of aspirin in human saliva.
Controlling electron and energy transfer paths by selective excitation in a zinc porphyrin–BODIPY–C60 multi-modular triad
Authors: Obondi Christopher O. , Lim Gary N. , Martinez Priscilla , Swamy Varghese , D'Souza Francis
Published: October 2017

The significance of selective excitation in triggering the photochemical events in a newly synthesized covalently linked supramolecular triad is demonstrated using ultrafast spectroscopic techniques.
Brønsted acids of anionic chiral Co(iii) complexes as catalysts for the stereoselective synthesis of cis-4-aminofuranobenzopyrans
Authors: Jiang Hua-Jie , Liu Kun , Wang Jing , Li Na , Yu Jie
Published: October 2017

A highly enantioselective interrupted Povarov reaction of salicylaldimines was developed, through the elegant Brønsted acid catalysis of anionic chiral Co(iii) complexes.
Surfactant-mediated self-assembly of nanocrystals to form hierarchically structured zeolite thin films with controlled crystal orientation
Authors: Lam Chon Hei , Chi Heng-Yu , Hsu Shu-Ming , Li Yun-Shiuan , Lee Wen-Ya , Cheng I-Chun , Kang Dun-Yen
Published: October 2017

We report on a scalable wet deposition to simultaneously manipulate the self-assembly and orientation of zeolite nanocrystals for fabrication of hierarchically structured thin films.
Variations in the fuel structure control the rate of the back and forth motions of a chemically fuelled molecular switch
Authors: Biagini Chiara , Albano Simone , Caruso Rachele , Mandolini Luigi , Berrocal José Augusto , Di Stefano Stefano
Published: October 2017

Moderate variations in the fuel structure cause large changes in the rate of the back and forth motions experienced by a chemically fuelled catenane-based switch.
Panchromatic absorption of dye sensitized solar cells by co-Sensitization of triple organic dyes
Authors: Islam Ashraful , Chowdhury Towhid H. , Qin Chuanjiang , Han Liyuan , Lee Jae-Joon , Bedja Idriss M. , Akhtaruzzaman Md , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Mirloup Antoine , Leclerc Nicolas
Published: October 2017

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were co-sensitized with three custom molecularly engineered organic dyes containing butyloxyl chain induced dye (Y1), boron dipyrromethene (bodipy) dye (TP2A), and squaraine (SQ) ring configured dye (HSQ4).
Controlling Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) phase in microwave solvothermal synthesis
Authors: Pinto Alexandre H. , Shin Seung Wook , Isaac Elianna , Knutson Theodore R. , Aydil Eray S. , Penn R. Lee
Published: October 2017

The crystalline phase of Cu2ZnSnS4 can be controlled between kesterite and wurtzite by varying the initial oxidation state of Cu and Sn ions, and the source of the sulfur excess in a microwave solvothermal method.
Self-assembly and photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of two nanoscale polytantalotungstates based on unprecedented {Cr3Ta6} and {Cr4Ta12} clusters
Authors: Huang Peng , Wang Xiao-Jun , Qi Jiao-Jiao , Wang Xin-Long , Huang Min , Wu Hai-Yang , Qin Chao , Su Zhong-Min
Published: October 2017

Two nanoscale polyoxometalates 1 and 2 have been isolated, which exhibit significant photocatalytic H2 evolution activities.
Thermal sensing with CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Jiang Xinbing , Li Ben Q. , Qu Xiaoli , Yang Huan , Liu Hongzhong
Published: October 2017

An experimental methodology is presented to measure the temperature variation in cells with the usage of CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots as nanothermometers.
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) capped plasmonic nanoparticles as resonance intensity-based temperature sensors with linear correlation
Authors: Liu Yiyi , Dai Xiaohui , Mallawaarachchi Sudaraka , Hapuarachchi Harini , Shi Qianqian , Dong Dashen , Thang San H. , Premaratne Malin , Cheng Wenlong
Published: October 2017

Under aggregation-free conditions, linear relationships between longitudinal plasmonic peak intensity and temperature have been revealed for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-capped gold nanorods and nanobipyramids.
High-performance self-powered UV-Vis-NIR photodetectors based on horizontally aligned GaN microwire array/Si heterojunctions
Authors: Song Weidong , Wang Xingfu , Chen Hang , Guo Dexiao , Qi Mingyue , Wang Hu , Luo Xingjun , Luo Xiao , Li Guang , Li Shuti
Published: October 2017

High-performance self-powered photodetectors based on GaN microwire array/Si heterojunctions show a broadband photoresponse with high EQE, responsivity and detectivity at zero bias.
PKCδ silencing alleviates saturated fatty acid induced ER stress by enhancing SERCA activity
Authors: Lai Shujie , Li Yan , Kuang Yi , Cui Hongli , Yang Yang , Sun Wenjing , Liu Kaijun , Chen Dongfeng , Yan Qixian , Wen Liangzhi
Published: October 2017

Protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) plays an important role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, the mechanism remains unknown. The present study explored the role of PKCδ in NAFLD development and investigated the relationships between PKCδ, calcium homeostasis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS). Hepatic steatosis cell model was induced by palmitic acid (PA) in L02 cells. Lipid accretion was evaluated using Oil Red O staining and a triglyceride (TG) detection kit. PKCδ was down-regulated by siRNA. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of ERS markers. The fluorescence of Ca2+ influx was recorded using confocal microscopy. Sarco-ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity was measured by ultramicro-ATP enzyme test kit. PA treatment induced lipid accretion in L02 cells, destroyed the ER structure, and increased PKCδ activation in a time-dependent manner. Further, PA treatment significantly increased the expression of ERS markers, Ig heavy chain binding protein (Bip), and homologous proteins of CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins (CHOP). PKCδ silencing down-regulated Bip and CHOP expression, indicating a successful alleviation of ERS. The increased calcium storage induced by PA stimulation was significantly decreased in L02 cells treated with PKCδ siRNA compared with the negative control. Moreover, diminished SERCA activity caused by PA was recovered in PKCδ siRNA transfected cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the inhibition of PKCδ alleviates ERS by enhancing SERCA activity and stabilizing calcium homeostasis.
Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Hearing-Related Demand and Evaluative Threat
Authors: Mackersie Carol L. , Kearney Lucia
Published: October 2017

Purpose

This paper consists of 2 parts. The purpose of Part 1 was to review the potential influence of internal (person-related) factors on listening effort. The purpose of Part 2 was to present, in support of Part 1, preliminary data illustrating the interactive effects of an external factor (task demand) and an internal factor (evaluative threat) on autonomic nervous system measures.

Method

For Part 1, we provided a brief narrative review of motivation and stress as modulators of listening effort. For Part 2, we described preliminary data from a study using a repeated-measures (2 × 2) design involving manipulations of task demand (high, low) and evaluative threat (high, low). The low-demand task consisted of repetition of sentences from a narrative. The high-demand task consisted of answering questions about the narrative, requiring both comprehension and recall. During the high evaluative threat condition, participants were filmed and told that their video recordings would be evaluated by a panel of experts. During the low evaluative threat condition, no filming occurred; participants were instructed to “do your best.” Skin conductance (sympathetic nervous system activity) and heart rate variability (HRV, parasympathetic activity) were measured during the listening tasks. The HRV measure was the root mean square of successive differences of adjacent interbeat intervals. Twelve adults with hearing loss participated.

Results

Skin conductance increased and HRV decreased relative to baseline (no task) for all listening conditions. Skin conductance increased significantly with an increase in evaluative threat, but only for the more demanding task. There was no significant change in HRV in response to increasing evaluative threat or task demand.

Conclusions

Listening effort may be influenced by factors other than task difficulty, as reviewed in Part 1. This idea is supported by the preliminary data indicating that the sympathetic nervous system response to task demand is modulated by social evaluative threat. More work is needed to determine the relative contributions of motivation and emotional stress on physiological responses during listening tasks.
Speech Perception in Complex Acoustic Environments: Developmental Effects
Authors: Leibold Lori J.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The ability to hear and understand speech in complex acoustic environments follows a prolonged time course of development. The purpose of this article is to provide a general overview of the literature describing age effects in susceptibility to auditory masking in the context of speech recognition, including a summary of findings related to the maturation of processes thought to facilitate segregation of target from competing speech.

Method

Data from published and ongoing studies are discussed, with a focus on synthesizing results from studies that address age-related changes in the ability to perceive speech in the presence of a small number of competing talkers.

Conclusions

This review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge that is valuable for researchers and clinicians. It highlights the importance of considering listener factors, such as age and hearing status, as well as stimulus factors, such as masker type, when interpreting masked speech recognition data.

Presentation Video

http://cred.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=2601620
Direct mapping of the temperature and velocity gradients in discs
Authors: Pinte C. , Ménard F. , Duchêne G. , Hill T. , Dent W. R. F. , Woitke P. , Maret S. , van der Plas G. , Hales A. , Kamp I. , Thi W. F. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo I. , Rab C. , Quanz S. P. , Avenhaus H. , Carmona A. , Casassus S.
Published: October 2017

Accurate measurements of the physical structure of protoplanetary discs are critical inputs for planet formation models. These constraints are traditionally established via complex modelling of continuum and line observations. Instead, we present an empirical framework to locate the CO isotopologue emitting surfaces from high spectral and spatial resolution ALMA observations. We apply this framework to the disc surrounding IM Lupi, where we report the first direct, i.e. model independent, measurements of the radial and vertical gradients of temperature and velocity in a protoplanetary disc. The measured disc structure is consistent with an irradiated self-similar disc structure, where the temperature increases and the velocity decreases towards the disc surface. We also directly map the vertical CO snow line, which is located at about one gas scale height at radii between 150 and 300 au, with a CO freeze-out temperature of 21 ± 2 K. In the outer disc (>300 au), where the gas surface density transitions from a power law to an exponential taper, the velocity rotation field becomes significantly sub-Keplerian, in agreement with the expected steeper pressure gradient. The sub-Keplerian velocities should result in a very efficient inward migration of large dust grains, explaining the lack of millimetre continuum emission outside of 300 au. The sub-Keplerian motions may also be the signature of the base of an externally irradiated photo-evaporative wind. In the same outer region, the measured CO temperature above the snow line decreases to ≈15 K because of the reduced gas density, which can result in a lower CO freeze-out temperature, photo-desorption, or deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium.
Spectrum radial velocity analyser (SERVAL)
Authors: Zechmeister M. , Reiners A. , Amado P. J. , Azzaro M. , Bauer F. F. , Béjar V. J. S. , Caballero J. A. , Guenther E. W. , Hagen H.-J. , Jeffers S. V. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Launhardt R. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Quirrenbach A. , Reffert S. , Ribas I. , Seifert W. , Tal-Or L. , Wolthoff V.
Published: October 2017

Context.The CARMENES survey is a high-precision radial velocity (RV) programme that aims to detect Earth-like planets orbiting low-mass stars.

Aims.We develop least-squares fitting algorithms to derive the RVs and additional spectral diagnostics implemented in the SpEctrum Radial Velocity AnaLyser (SERVAL), a publicly available python code.

Methods.We measured the RVs using high signal-to-noise templates created by coadding all available spectra of each star. We define the chromatic index as the RV gradient as a function of wavelength with the RVs measured in the echelle orders. Additionally, we computed the differential line width by correlating the fit residuals with the second derivative of the template to track variations in the stellar line width.

Results.Using HARPS data, our SERVAL code achieves a RV precision at the level of 1 m/s. Applying the chromatic index to CARMENES data of the active star YZ CMi, we identify apparent RV variations induced by stellar activity. The differential line width is found to be an alternative indicator to the commonly used full width half maximum.

Conclusions.We find that at the red optical wavelengths (700–900 nm) obtained by the visual channel of CARMENES, the chromatic index is an excellent tool to investigate stellar active regions and to identify and perhaps even correct for activity-induced RV variations.
Ambulante Anästhesie: Organisation in Praxis und Krankenhaus
Authors: Vescia Frank , Hofer Harald
Published: October 2017

Ambulante Anästhesie erfolgt immer im Rahmen einer ambulanten Operation – somit hängt der Erfolg davon ab, wie gut die „Einheit ambulantes Operieren“ organisiert und aufeinander abgestimmt ist. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die vielen rechtlichen Vorgaben, die es beim ambulanten Operieren und Anästhesieren zu erfüllen gilt. Darüber hinaus werden die Organisationsstrukturen im niedergelassenen Bereich und im Krankenhaus erläutert und verglichen.
Steerable sound transport in a 3D acoustic network
Authors: Xia Bai-Zhan , Jiao Jun-Rui , Dai Hong-Qing , Yin Sheng-Wen , Zheng Sheng-Jie , Liu Ting-Ting , Chen Ning , Yu De-Jie
Published: October 2017

Quasi-lossless and asymmetric sound transports, which are exceedingly desirable in various modern physical systems, are almost always based on nonlinear or angular momentum biasing effects with extremely high power levels and complex modulation schemes. A practical route for the steerable sound transport along any arbitrary acoustic pathway, especially in a three-dimensional (3D) acoustic network, can revolutionize the sound power propagation and the sound communication. Here, we design an acoustic device containing a regular-tetrahedral cavity with four cylindrical waveguides. A smaller regular-tetrahedral solid in this cavity is eccentrically emplaced to break spatial symmetry of the acoustic device. The numerical and experimental results show that the sound power flow can unimpededly transport between two waveguides away from the eccentric solid within a wide frequency range. Based on the quasi-lossless and asymmetric transport characteristic of the single acoustic device, we construct a 3D acoustic network, in which the sound power flow can flexibly propagate along arbitrary sound pathways defined by our acoustic devices with eccentrically emplaced regular-tetrahedral solids.
Correlation between lateral size and gas sensing performance of MoSe2 nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Shaolin , Nguyen Thuy Hang , Zhang Weibin , Park Youngsin , Yang Woochul
Published: October 2017

We demonstrate a facile synthetic method to prepare lateral size controlled molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) nanosheets using liquid phase exfoliated few-layer MoSe2 nanosheets as a starting material. By precisely controlling the centrifugation condition, preparation of MoSe2 nanosheets with a narrow size distribution ranging from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers could be realized. The accurate size control of MoSe2 nanosheets offers us a great opportunity to examine the size dependent sensing properties. The sensing test results demonstrate that the MoSe2 nanosheets provide competitive advantages compared with conventional graphene based sensors. A tradeoff phenomenon on sensing response and recovery as the lateral size of MoSe2 nanosheets varies is observed. First principles calculations reveal that the ratio of edge-surface sites is responsible for this phenomenon. The correlation between the lateral size and gas sensing performance of MoSe2 nanosheets is established.
Synchronous behaviour of two interacting oscillatory systems undergoing quasiperiodic route to chaos
Authors: Mondal S. , Pawar S. A. , Sujith R. I.
Published: October 2017

Thermoacoustic instability, caused by a positive feedback between the unsteady heat release and the acoustic field in a combustor, is a major challenge faced in most practical combustors such as those used in rockets and gas turbines. We employ the synchronization theory for understanding the coupling between the unsteady heat release and the acoustic field of a thermoacoustic system. Interactions between coupled subsystems exhibiting different collective dynamics such as periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic oscillations are addressed. Even though synchronization studies have focused on different dynamical states separately, synchronous behaviour of two coupled systems exhibiting a quasiperiodic route to chaos has not been studied. In this study, we report the first experimental observation of different synchronous behaviours between two subsystems of a thermoacoustic system exhibiting such a transition as reported in Kabiraj et al. [Chaos 22, 023129 (2012)]. A rich variety of synchronous behaviours such as phase locking, intermittent phase locking, and phase drifting are observed as the dynamics of such subsystem change. The observed synchronization behaviour is further characterized using phase locking value, correlation coefficient, and relative mean frequency. These measures clearly reveal the boundaries between different states of synchronization.
Effects by the microstructure after hot and cold rolling on the texture and grain size after final annealing of ferritic non-oriented FeSi electrical steel
Authors: Schneider J. , Stöcker A. , Franke A. , Kawalla R.
Published: October 2017

The magnetic properties of fully processed non-oriented FeSi electrical steel are characterized by their magnetization behavior and specific magnetic losses. The magnetic properties are determined by the texture and microstructure. Less gamma fiber intensity and a high intensity of preferable texture components, especially cube fiber texture, are desirable to obtain an excellent magnetizing behavior. Furthermore, large grain sizes are necessary to reach low values of the specific magnetic losses. The fabrication route of the fully processed non-oriented electrical steels comprises a heavy cold rolling of the hot rolled material before final annealing. To fulfill the requirements on large grain size for low loss materials, grain growth, which appears after complete recrystallization, plays an important role. In this paper we will analyze the influence of different microstructures of the hot strip and the resulting microstructure after cold rolling on the appearance of recrystallization and grain growth after final annealing. The evolution of texture reflects the present ongoing softening processes: recovery, recrystallization and finally grain growth at the given annealing conditions. It will be shown that the image of texture at recrystallization is remarkable different from the texture at grain growth. Substantially grain growth is obtained at lower annealing temperatures for an optimum microstructure of the hot rolled material.
Influence of cold isostatic pressing on the magnetic properties of Ni-Zn-Cu ferrite
Authors: Le Trong Trung , Valdez-Nava Zarel , Lebey Thierry , Mazaleyrat Frédéric
Published: October 2017

In power electronics, there is the need to develop solutions to increase the power density of converters. Interleaved multicellular transformers allow interleaving many switching cells and, as a result, a possible increase in the power density. This converter is often composed of a magnetic core having the function of an intercell transformer (ICT) and, depending on the complexity of the designed architecture, its shape could be extremely complex. The switching frequencies (1-10 MHz) for the new wide band gap semiconductors (SiC, GaN) allow to interleave switching cell at higher frequencies than silicon-based semiconductors (<1 MHz). Intercell transformers must follow this increase in frequency times-fold the number of switching cells. Current applications for ICT transformers use Mn-Zn based materials, but their limit in frequency drive raises the need of higher frequency magnetic materials, such Ni-Zn ferrites. These materials can operate in medium and high power converters up to 10 MHz. We propose to use Ni0,30Zn0,57Cu0,15Fe2O4 ferrite and to compress it by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) into a a green ceramic block and to machine it to obtain the desired ICT of complex shape prior sintering. We compare the magnetic permeability spectra and hysteresis loops the CIP and uniaxially pressed ferrites. The effect of temperature and sintering time as well as high-pressure on properties will be presented in detail. The magnetic properties of the sintered cores are strongly dependent on the microstructure obtained.
Thermodynamic, electronic, and magnetic properties of intrinsic vacancy defects in antiperovskite Ca3SnO
Authors: Batool Javaria , Alay-e-Abbas Syed Muhammad , Amin Nasir
Published: October 2017

The density functional theory based total energy calculations are performed to examine the effect of charge neutral and fully charged intrinsic vacancy defects on the thermodynamic, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ca3SnO antiperovskite. The chemical stability of Ca3SnO is evaluated with respect to binary compounds CaO, CaSn, and Ca2Sn, and the limits of atomic chemical potentials of Ca, Sn, and O atoms for stable synthesis of Ca3SnO are determined within the generalized gradient approximation parametrization scheme. The electronic properties of the pristine and the non-stoichiometric forms of this compound have been explored and the influence of isolated intrinsic vacancy defects (Ca, Sn, and O) on the structural, bonding, and electronic properties of non-stoichiometric Ca3SnO are analyzed. We also predict the possibility of achieving stable ferromagnetism in non-stoichiometric Ca3SnO by means of charge neutral tin vacancies. From the calculated total energies and the valid ranges of atomic chemical potentials, the formation energetics of intrinsic vacancy defects in Ca3SnO are evaluated for various growth conditions. Our results indicate that the fully charged calcium vacancies are thermodynamically stable under the permissible Sn-rich condition of stable synthesis of Ca3SnO, while tin and oxygen vacancies are found to be stable under the extreme Ca-rich condition.
Evaluation of low-frequency operational limit of proposed ITER low-field-side reflectometer waveguide run including miter bends
Authors: Wang G. , Peebles W. A. , Doyle E. J. , Crocker N. A. , Wannberg C. , Lau C. , Hanson G. R. , Doane J. L.
Published: October 2017

The present design concept for the ITER low-field-side reflectometer transmission line (TL) consists of an ∼40 m long, 6.35 cm diameter helically corrugated waveguide (WG) together with ten 90° miter bends. This paper presents an evaluation of the TL performance at low frequencies (33-50 GHz) where the predicted HE11 mode ohmic and mode conversion losses start to increase significantly. Quasi-optical techniques were used to form a near Gaussian beam to efficiently couple radiation in this frequency range into the WG. It was observed that the output beams from the guide remained linearly polarized with cross-polarization power levels of ∼1.5%-3%. The polarization rotation due to the helical corrugations was in the range ∼1°-3°. The radiated beam power profiles typically show excellent Gaussian propagation characteristics at distances >20 cm from the final exit aperture. The round trip propagation loss was found to be ∼2.5 dB at 50 GHz and ∼6.5 dB at 35 GHz, showing an inverse increase with frequency. This was consistent with updated calculations of miter bend and ohmic losses. At low frequencies (33-50 GHz), the mode purity remained very good at the exit of the waveguide, and the losses are perfectly acceptable for operation in ITER. The primary challenge may come from the future addition of a Gaussian telescope and other filter components within the corrugated guide, which will likely introduce additional perturbations to the beam profile and an increase in mode-conversion loss.
Structure and equation of state of tetragonal boron subnitride B50N2
Authors: Cherednichenko Kirill A. , Solozhenko Vladimir L.
Published: October 2017

New boron subnitride B50N2 has been synthesized by crystallization from the B–BN melt at 5 GPa, and its structure has been refined using Rietveld analysis. B50N2 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P-4n2 with unit cell parameters a0 = 8.8181(2) Å and c0 = 5.0427(10) Å. Quasi-hydrostatic compression of two boron subnitrides, B50N2 and B13N2, has been studied up to 30 GPa at room temperature in a diamond-anvil cell using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. No pressure-induced phase transitions have been observed. A fit of experimental p-V data to the Murnaghan equation of state yielded B50N2 and B13N2 bulk moduli of 167(2) and 205(2) GPa, respectively, with fixed first bulk modulus pressure derivative of 4.0.
Selective multiple domain wall injection using spin-orbit torque
Authors: Luo Ziyan , Liao Wugang , Yang Yumeng , Zhu Chunxiang , Wu Yihong
Published: October 2017

We demonstrate from both simulation and experiment a simple scheme for selective injection of multiple domain walls in a magnetic nanowire. The structure consists of a side-contact misaligned Hall bar made of ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayers. The combination of current-induced spin-orbit torque and an external magnetic field allows for the formation of localized domains with specific magnetization direction and length, thereby creating domain walls in predetermined locations. With the side contacts at two sides misaligned for a distance that is comparable to the contact width, it is possible to create densely packed domains by simply applying current between different pairs of side contacts. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is scalable to a large number of domains with their dimension limited only by the domain wall width.
Spall behaviour of single crystal aluminium at three principal orientations
Authors: Owen G. D. , Chapman D. J. , Whiteman G. , Stirk S. M. , Millett J. C. F. , Johnson S.
Published: October 2017

A series of plate impact experiments have been conducted to study the spall strength of the three principal crystallographic orientations of single crystal aluminium ([100], [110] and, [111]) and ultra-pure polycrystalline aluminium. The samples have been shock loaded at two impact stresses (4 GPa and 10 GPa). Significant differences have been observed in the elastic behaviour, the pullback velocities, and the general shape of the wave profiles, which can be accounted for by considerations of the microscale homogeneity, the dislocation density, and the absence of grain boundaries in the single crystal materials. The data have shown that there is a consistent order of spall strength measured for the four sample materials. The [111] orientation has the largest spall strength and elastic limit, followed closely by [110], [100], and then the polycrystalline material. This order is consistent with both quasi-static data and geometrical consideration of Schmid factors.
Theory of dual-tunable thin-film multiferroic magnonic crystal
Authors: Nikitin Aleksei A. , Nikitin Andrey A. , Kondrashov Alexander V. , Ustinov Alexey B. , Kalinikos Boris A. , Lähderanta Erkki
Published: October 2017

A theory has been developed for the waveguiding characteristics of dual-tunable multiferroic magnonic crystals (MCs). The crystals are constructed as periodically width-modulated microwave transmission slot-lines placed in between thin ferrite and ferroelectric films. Dispersion characteristics of the spin-electromagnetic waves (SEWs) in the investigated periodic waveguiding structure were derived using the method of approximate boundary conditions and the coupled-mode approach. The transmission-loss characteristics (TLCs) were calculated by the transfer-matrix method. The results show that the TLCs of the structures consist of pass-bands and stop-bands. The stop-bands are due to Bragg reflections in the structure. The magnetic and electric fields control the stop-band frequencies. The ferroelectric film polarization produced with the application of control voltage to the slot-line electrodes reduces its dielectric permittivity and provides up-shift of the stop-band frequencies. The most effective electric tuning is achieved in the area of the maximum hybridization of SEWs. As a result, the investigated multiferroic MCs combine the advantages of thin-film planar topology and dual tunability of magnonic band-gaps.
Interrogating the Becke’05 density functional for non-locality information
Authors: Dale Stephen G. , Johnson Erin R. , Becke Axel D.
Published: October 2017

In two papers, Becke [J. Chem. Phys. 119, 2972 (2003) and J. Chem. Phys. 122, 064101 (2005)] introduced Kohn-Sham density-functional approximations for static and dynamical correlation to be partnered with 100 percent exactly computed exchange. Known as “B05,” this was the first non-local correlation model designed to work with the full non-locality of exact (or Hartree-Fock) exchange. Non-locality issues, often referred to as the “delocalization” problem, are among the most vexing problems in density-functional theory today. How much exact exchange should be used in a hybrid functional? What value of the range parameter should be used in a long-range corrected functional? Questions such as these abound, and the answers are system dependent. The physics of non-locality is built into the B05 functional in a natural way, and one wonders, therefore, if B05 might provide a mechanism to answer such questions. Here we explore a variational procedure, “B05min,” to do so. We compute dipole moments of 52 small molecules and find that B05min delivers better moments than parent hybrid and long-range corrected functionals. Furthermore, B05min provides a priori optimum exact-exchange mixing fractions and range parameters for the parent functionals, whose values agree with literature values fit to experimental data.
Triplet and beam interaction in a plasma
Authors: Peter E. , Marini S. , Pakter R. , Rizzato F. B.
Published: October 2017

The interaction of three waves requires wavelength and frequency matching conditions. Without the presence of a particle beam, if the conditions are satisfied and if the frequency of the envelope is lower than the lowest frequency of the waves, they exchange energy and the evolution of the envelope of each wave is given by a constant plus a sinusoidal function. On the other hand, if a particle beam propagates within electrostatic and electromagnetic fields with no wavelength and frequency match, the energy exchange between the modes is done due to the particles. One of the modes could be amplified in this scheme. In the present work, we propose a model where a non-relativistic particle beam propagates in a plasma within two electromagnetic modes and one electrostatic mode with wavelength and frequency matching conditions. Then, the waves are allowed to exchange energy between themselves and with the particle beam as well. We present new features in comparison to the isolated triplet interaction and to the beam-wave interaction. These features are relevant for a more realistic triplet interaction model.
A general approach to obtain soft x-ray transparency for thin films grown on bulk substrates
Authors: Fohler Manuel , Frömmel Stefanie , Schneider Michael , Pfau Bastian , Günther Christian M. , Hennecke Martin , Guehrs Erik , Shemilt Laura , Mishra Durgamadhab , Berger Dirk , Selve Sören , Mitin Dmitriy , Albrecht Manfred , Eisebitt Stefan
Published: October 2017

We present a general approach to thin bulk samples to transparency for experiments in the soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The method relies on mechanical grinding followed by focused-ion-beam milling. It results in a uniformly thin area of high surface quality, suitable for nanoscale imaging in transmission. In a proof-of-principle experiment, nanoscale magnetic bits on a commercial hard drive glass disk are imaged with a spatial resolution below 30 nm by soft x-ray spectro-holography. Furthermore, we demonstrate imaging of a lithographically patterned test object via absorption contrast. Our approach is suitable for both amorphous and crystalline substrates and has been tested for a variety of common epitaxy growth substrates. Lateral thinning areas in excess of 100 μm2 and a remaining substrate thickness as thin as 150 nm are easily achievable. Our approach allows preserving a previously grown thin film, and from nanofocus electron diffraction, we find no evidence for morphological changes induced by the process, in agreement with numerical simulations of the ion implantation depth distributon. We expect our method to be widely applicable and especially useful for nanoscale imaging of epitaxial thin films.
Motivating the workforce: beyond the ‘two-factor' model
Authors: Shannon Elizabeth Ann
Published: October 2017

Objective The aim of the present study was to understand the factors motivating health and human services professionals in the workplace, thus adding to the body of knowledge associated with employee motivation. Methods Brainstorming research was performed on frontline and emerging managers in Tasmanian public sector organisations. Coding categories were inductively developed from the data, then deductively analysed using Herzberg’s two-factor model. Results Communication was the most significant factor affecting staff motivation. When described as ‘good’, it was open, honest, appropriate and timely. Emotional factors, including a sense of being respected and valued, were also highly regarded. Material resources, such as budgets, staffing and physical amenities, were the third most cited factor affecting workforce motivation. Conclusions Contrary to most previous research, the present study found that some factors – like communication or resources – could be a source of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, depending on whether they supported the individual and the team. The research method chosen in the present study differed from most using the two-factor model in that it did not use closed survey questions. The breadth of these results reflects the ability to provide a more nuanced response. What is known about the topic? Professionals working in health and human services have a high degree of authority and autonomy. Increasing staff motivation has the potential to positively influence organisational and individual outcomes. What does this paper add? This paper provides greater insight into factors increasing staff motivation. It also suggests methodological improvements for studies using the two-factor model. What are the implications for practitioners? The insights into staff motivation may be used by employers to improve outcomes and increase workforce satisfaction.
CSIRO High-precision Measurement of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration in Australia. Part 2: Cape Grim, Surface CO2 Measurements and Carbon Cycle Modelling
Authors: Pearman Graeme I. , Fraser Paul J. , Garratt John R.
Published: October 2017

A companion paper discusses the history of, and rationale for, the development of a CSIRO programme of atmospheric carbondioxide (CO2) concentration measurements in Australia based on aircraft air sampling, field and laboratory measurements.1 Here, we describe parallel efforts to establish a permanent, ground-based atmospheric Baseline Station at Cape Grim, north-west Tasmania, the political activity required for its establishment, and the work undertaken to select a site commensurate with its long-term objectives. Additional CO2 measurements undertaken to complement the aircraft and Cape Grim measurements are discussed.
The development of the Australian Baseline Station was part of an emerging international effort to obtain high-precision measurements of trace gas and aerosol composition of the atmosphere, and to quantify any changes in composition that might be occurring and their possible impact on global climate.We discuss the early development of global carbon cycle models, including the representations of atmospheric transport, and the interpretation of modern atmospheric CO2 data and historic air samples encapsulated in Antarctic ice and firn.
The accumulated knowledge from these research activities, together with that collected by international colleagues, forms the basis of our understanding of changes occurring in CO2 concentration. It has contributed to an understanding of the mechanisms of the past and present biogeochemical cycling of CO2, providing predictions of future changes in CO2 concentration.
Osteocyte calcium signals encode strain magnitude and loading frequency in vivo
Authors: Lewis Karl J. , Frikha-Benayed Dorra , Louie Joyce , Stephen Samuel , Spray David C. , Thi Mia M. , Seref-Ferlengez Zeynep , Majeska Robert J. , Weinbaum Sheldon , Schaffler Mitchell B.
Published: October 2017

Significance

Osteocytes are thought to be the major regulator of bone mechanosensation events. However, little is known about how osteocytes in vivo acutely respond to tissue-level mechanical loading. We report here a technique for the direct in vivo observation of osteocyte calcium signaling events with simultaneous whole bone loading. Our results demonstrate that osteocyte populations integrate mechanical signals by altering the number of responding cells and that this effect is dependent on loading frequency.
Outpatient Continuing Care after Residential Substance use Disorder Treatment in the US Veterans Health Administration: Facilitators and Challenges
Authors: Rubinsky Anna D. , Ellerbe Laura S. , Gupta Shalini , Phelps Tyler E. , Bowe Thomas , Burden Jennifer L. , Harris Alex H. S.
Published: October 2017

Background: In the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA), residential treatment programs are an important part of the continuum of care for patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). Outpatient continuing care after residential treatment helps maintain early recovery and treatment gains. Knowing more about the drivers of variation in continuing care practices and performance across residential programs might inform quality improvement efforts. Methods: Metrics of continuing care were operationalized and calculated for each of VHA's 63 SUD Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Programs (SUD RRTPs) and 34 Mental Health Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Programs (MH RRTPs) with a SUD track in fiscal year 2012. Management and frontline staff of these programs were then interviewed to learn what factors might contribute to high or low program performance on the metrics compared with national averages. Results: Among SUD RRTPs, the mean rate of outpatient SUD/MH continuing care was 59% within 7 days and 80% within 30 days, and the mean rate of SUD continuing care was 63% within 30 days. Among MH RRTPs with a SUD track, these rates were 56%, 75%, and 36%, respectively. There was substantial variability in continuing care rates across the 97 programs: 21%–93% for SUD/MH care within 7 days, 36%–100% for SUD/MH care within 30 days, and 4%–91% for SUD care within 30 days. Interviews with representatives of 44 programs revealed key facilitators of continuing care: accountability of program staff, predischarge scheduling, predischarge introductions to continuing care providers, strong patient relationships, accessibility, and persistent emphasis. Key challenges included inadequate program staffing, lack of program staff accountability, and poor accessibility. Conclusions: Wide variation in continuing care rates across programs and identification of common facilitators at high-performing programs suggest substantial opportunity for improvement for programs with lower performance.
Environmental exposure and ecological risk of heavy metals in fishing harbors of the Pearl River Delta, South China
Authors: Xu Weihai , Lin Tian , Hu Zhaohui , Yan Wen
Published: October 2017

Fishing harbors are widely distributed in coastal regions in China. However, few studies about pollution by heavy metals in those fishing harbors have been reported. In this study, a total of 49 surface sediment samples were collected from nine harbors along the coastline of China to illuminate heavy metals pollution and their potential ecological risk. Results indicated that Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are four main elements causing pollution with high concentrations detected in the selected harbors. These four metals from three harbors located in the Pearl River Delta are remarkably higher than those in other regions. The main finding of the study is that Cu was observed with rather high concentration in sediments, with the highest up to 1249 mg kg−1. Cu is widely used in antifouling paint for fishing ships, which may have been released into seawater and accumulated in marine sediment. High correlations of Cu, Pb and Zn with total organic carbon in sediments from these harbors indicate that the harbors may act as an important heavy metals source to the coastal environment of China. The potential ecological risk posed by Cu and Cd in the harbors of the Pearl River Delta region is from moderate to very high. Hence, there is an urgent need for more studies in this area.
Changes in the benthic community of the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, over a 40 year period
Authors: Dermott R. , Martchenko D. , Johnson M.
Published: October 2017

The benthic community structure in the Bay of Quinte, eastern Lake Ontario, was examined over a 40 year period (1967–2006). Changes in species composition were examined using clustering and ordination analysis at a shallow upper bay site (6 m) and in the deeper lower bay site (32 m). Tubificidae and Chironomidae, which dominated the upper bay, responded to phosphorus reductions between 1978 and 1991 with increased diversity, and a return of pollution sensitive species. This response accelerated in 1993, after the arrival of Dreissena. Epibenthic Amphipoda, Gastropoda and Sphaeriidae increased in the upper bay between 1986–1999, but decreased following the arrival of the Round Goby (Apollonia melanostomus). The lower bay underwent a major change after 1994, when Quagga Mussel replaced the amphipod Diporeia as the dominant organism. Since 1990, non-dreissenid biomass decreased in the lower bay but has not significantly changed in the upper bay. Ordination showed that the community in the upper bay changed over time, and remained different from the lower bay community. In the lower bay and Lake Ontario, the benthic community greatly changed to one very different from the historical community of the Great Lakes.
Effect of aquatic macrophyte cover and fetch on spatial variability in the biomass and growth of littoral fishes in bays of Prince Edward County, Lake Ontario
Authors: Randall Robert G. , Brousseau Christine M. , Hoyle James A.
Published: October 2017

Biomass and growth of Pumpkinseed ( Lepomis gibbosus), Yellow Perch ( Perca flavescens) and cohabiting species varied among different bays of Prince Edward County in eastern Lake Ontario. Biomass (B) and a calculated fish production (P) index of fishes, estimated as the product of average seasonal biomass and P/B, was about 6x higher at the electrofishing transects with medium to high macrophyte cover and low fetch than at sites where macrophytes were absent or sparse and fetch was high. The production index -aquatic plant relationship was species-dependent. The biomass component of fish production was related to macrophyte cover but the growth component and P/B (determined by allometry with body size) was not. Biomass and inferred production could be predicted from fetch, macrophyte abundance and water temperature, but with low precision. Results were consistent with index trawling in showing that changes in aquatic vegetation following Dreissena colonization in the Bay of Quinte and vicinity have affected the abundance of phytophilic fishes in this region of eastern Lake Ontario.