bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Non-axisymmetric Casing Grooves Combined with Airflow Injection on Stability Enhancement of an Axial Compressor
Authors: Dinh C. T. , Kim K. Y.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a performance evaluation of non-axisymmetric casing grooves combined with airflow injection in a transonic axial compressor with NASA Rotor 37, using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the k-ε turbulence model. An axisymmetric casing groove was divided circumferentially into 36 non-axisymmetric grooves. The numerical results for adiabatic efficiency and total pressure ratio were validated with experimental data. A parametric study for stall margin, stable range extension, peak adiabatic efficiency, and total pressure ratio at peak adiabatic efficiency of the compressor was performed using five parameters: the front and rear lengths, the height of the casing groove, the injection mass flow rate, and the injection angle. The non-axisymmetric casing grooves combined with injection improve greatly the stall margin and stable range extension of the transonic axial compressor, but reduce only slightly the peak adiabatic efficiency in all cases, compared to the results for a smooth casing.
Aerodynamic Efficiency Optimization of the 1st Stage of Transonic High Pressure Turbine through Lean and Sweep Angles
Authors: Kim Yoonki , Lee Sanga , Yee Kwanjung , Kang Young-Seok
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study is to optimize the 1st stage of the transonic high pressure turbine (HPT) for enhancement of aerodynamic performance. Isentropic total-to-total efficiency is designated as the objective function. Since the isentropic efficiency can be improved through modifying the geometry of vane and rotor blade, lean angle and sweep angle are chosen as design variables, which can effectively alter the blade geometry. The sensitivities of each design variable are investigated by applying lean and sweep angles to the base nozzle and rotor, respectively. The design space is also determined based on the results of the parametric study. For the design of experiment (DoE), Optimal Latin Hypercube sampling is adopted, so that 25 evenly distributed samples are selected on the design space. Sequentially, based on the values from the CFD calculation, Kriging surrogate model is constructed and refined using Expected Improvement (EI). With the converged surrogate model, optimum solution is sought by using the Genetic Algorithm. As a result, the efficiency of optimum turbine 1st stage is increased by 1.07 % point compared to that of the base turbine 1st stage. Also, the blade loading, pressure distribution, static entropy, shock structure, and secondary flow are thoroughly discussed.
GABA-B Agonist Baclofen Normalizes Auditory-Evoked Neural Oscillations and Behavioral Deficits in theFmr1Knockout Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Sinclair D. , Featherstone R. , Naschek M. , Nam J. , Du A. , Wright S. , Pance K. , Melnychenko O. , Weger R. , Akuzawa S. , Matsumoto M. , Siegel S. J.
Published: February 2017

Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition resulting fromFMR1gene mutation that leads to intellectual disability, autism-like symptoms, and sensory hypersensitivity. Arbaclofen, a GABA-B agonist, has shown efficacy in some individuals with FXS but has become unavailable after unsuccessful clinical trials, prompting interest in publicly available, racemic baclofen. The present study investigated whether racemic baclofen can remediate abnormalities of neural circuit function, sensory processing, and behavior inFmr1knockout mice, a rodent model of fragile X syndrome.Fmr1knockout mice showed increased baseline and auditory-evoked high-frequency gamma (30–80 Hz) power relative to C57BL/6 controls, as measured by electroencephalography. These deficits were accompanied by decreased T maze spontaneous alternation, decreased social interactions, and increased open field center time, suggestive of diminished working memory, sociability, and anxiety-like behavior, respectively. Abnormal auditory-evoked gamma oscillations, working memory, and anxiety-related behavior were normalized by treatment with baclofen, but impaired sociability was not. Improvements in working memory were evident predominantly in mice whose auditory-evoked gamma oscillations were dampened by baclofen. These findings suggest that racemic baclofen may be useful for targeting sensory and cognitive disturbances in fragile X syndrome.
Changes in Appetitive Associative Strength Modulates Nucleus Accumbens, But Not Orbitofrontal Cortex Neuronal Ensemble Excitability
Authors: Ziminski Joseph J. , Hessler Sabine , Margetts-Smith Gabriella , Sieburg Meike C. , Crombag Hans S. , Koya Eisuke
Published: February 2017

Cues that predict the availability of food rewards influence motivational states and elicit food-seeking behaviors. If a cue no longer predicts food availability, then animals may adapt accordingly by inhibiting food-seeking responses. Sparsely activated sets of neurons, coined “neuronal ensembles,” have been shown to encode the strength of reward–cue associations. Although alterations in intrinsic excitability have been shown to underlie many learning and memory processes, little is known about these properties specifically on cue-activated neuronal ensembles. We examined the activation patterns of cue-activated orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell ensembles using wild-type andFos-GFPmice, which express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in activated neurons, after appetitive conditioning with sucrose and extinction learning. We also investigated the neuronal excitability of recently activated, GFP+ neurons in these brain areas using whole-cell electrophysiology in brain slices. Exposure to a sucrose cue elicited activation of neurons in both the NAc shell and OFC. In the NAc shell, but not the OFC, these activated GFP+ neurons were more excitable than surrounding GFP− neurons. After extinction, the number of neurons activated in both areas was reduced and activated ensembles in neither area exhibited altered excitability. These data suggest that learning-induced alterations in the intrinsic excitability of neuronal ensembles is regulated dynamically across different brain areas. Furthermore, we show that changes in associative strength modulate the excitability profile of activated ensembles in the NAc shell.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSparsely distributed sets of neurons called “neuronal ensembles” encode learned associations about food and cues predictive of its availability. Widespread changes in neuronal excitability have been observed in limbic brain areas after associative learning, but little is known about the excitability changes that occur specifically on neuronal ensembles that encode appetitive associations. Here, we reveal that sucrose cue exposure recruited a more excitable ensemble in the nucleus accumbens, but not orbitofrontal cortex, compared with their surrounding neurons. This excitability difference was not observed when the cue's salience was diminished after extinction learning. These novel data provide evidence that the intrinsic excitability of appetitive memory-encoding ensembles is regulated differentially across brain areas and adapts dynamically to changes in associative strength.
TheDrosophilaPostsynaptic DEG/ENaC Channelppk29Contributes to Excitatory Neurotransmission
Authors: Hill Alexis , Zheng Xingguo , Li Xiling , McKinney Ross , Dickman Dion , Ben-Shahar Yehuda
Published: February 2017

The protein family of degenerin/epithelial sodium channels (DEG/ENaCs) is composed of diverse animal-specific, non-voltage-gated ion channels that play important roles in regulating cationic gradients across epithelial barriers. Some family members are also enriched in neural tissues in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the specific neurophysiological functions of most DEG/ENaC-encoding genes remain poorly understood. The fruit flyDrosophila melanogasteris an excellent model for deciphering the functions of DEG/ENaC genes because its genome encodes an exceptionally large number of DEG/ENaC subunits termedpickpocket(ppk)1–31. Here we demonstrate thatppk29contributes specifically to the postsynaptic modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission at the larval neuromuscular junction. Electrophysiological data indicate that the function ofppk29in muscle is necessary for normal postsynaptic responsivity to neurotransmitter release and for normal coordinated larval movement. Theppk29mutation does not affect gross synaptic morphology and ultrastructure, which indicates that the observed phenotypes are likely due to defects in glutamate receptor function. Together, our data indicate that DEG/ENaC ion channels play a fundamental role in the postsynaptic regulation of excitatory neurotransmission.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMembers of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) family are broadly expressed in epithelial and neuronal tissues. To date, the neurophysiological functions of most family members remain unknown. Here, by using the power ofDrosophilagenetics in combination with electrophysiological and behavioral approaches, we demonstrate that the DEG/ENaC-encoding genepickpocket 29contributes to baseline neurotransmission, possibly via the modulation of postsynaptic glutamate receptor functionality.
Vitamin D receptor as a target for breast cancer therapy
Authors: Murray Alyson , Madden Stephen F , Synnott Naoise C , Klinger Rut , O'Connor Darran , O'Donovan Norma , Gallagher William , Crown John , Duffy Michael J
Published: February 2017

Considerable epidemiological evidence suggests that high levels of circulating vitamin D (VD) are associated with a decreased incidence and increased survival from cancer, i.e., VD may possess anti-cancer properties. The aim of this investigation was therefore to investigate the anti-cancer potential of a low calcaemic vitamin D analogue, i.e., inecalcitol and compare it with the active form of vitamin D, i.e., calcitriol, in a panel of breast cancer cell lines (n = 15). Using the MTT assay, IC50concentrations for response to calcitriol varied from 0.12 µM to >20 µM, whereas those for inecalcitol were significantly lower, ranging from 2.5 nM to 63 nM (P = 0.001). Sensitivity to calcitriol and inecalcitol was higher in VD receptor (VDR)-positive compared to VDR-negative cell lines (P = 0.0007 and 0.0080, respectively) and in ER-positive compared to ER-negative cell lines (P = 0.043 and 0.005, respectively). Using RNA-seq analysis, substantial but not complete overlap was found between genes differentially regulated by calcitriol and inecalcitol. In particular, significantly enriched gene ontology terms such as cell surface signalling and cell communication were found after treatment with inecalcitol but not with calcitriol. In contrast, ossification and bone morphogenesis were found significantly enriched after treatment with calcitriol but not with inecalcitol. Our preclinical results suggest that calcitriol and inecalcitol can inhibit breast cancer cell line growth, especially in cells expressing ER and VDR. As inecalcitol is significantly more potent than calcitriol and has low calcaemic potential, it should be further investigated for the treatment of breast cancer.
Continuous model of conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium
Authors: Imakawa Kazuhiko , Bai Rulan , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Ideta Atsushi , Aoyagi Yoshito , Kusama Kazuya
Published: February 2017

As placental morphology as well as trophoblast characteristics exhibit wide diversity across mammalian species, underling molecules were also thought to vary greatly. In the majority of cases, however, regardless of the mode of implantation, physiological and biochemical processes in conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium including the kinds of gene expression and their products are now considered to share many similarities. In fact, recent progress has identified that in addition to the hormones, cytokines, proteases and cell adhesion molecules classically characterized, molecules related to lymphocyte homing and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are all required for the progression of conceptus implantation to placentation. In this review, therefore, the newest findings are all incorporated into the molecular and cellular events related to conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium; primarily from non-invasive bovine placentation and also from invasive human implantation.
FoxO integration of insulin signaling with glucose and lipid metabolism
Authors: Lee Sojin , Dong H Henry
Published: February 2017

The forkhead box O family consists of FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins in mammals. Expressed ubiquitously in the body, the four FoxO isoforms share in common the amino DNA-binding domain, known as ‘forkhead box’ domain. They mediate the inhibitory action of insulin or insulin-like growth factor on key functions involved in cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, oxidative stress, senescence, autophagy and aging. Genetic mutations in FoxO genes or abnormal expression of FoxO proteins are associated with metabolic disease, cancer or altered lifespan in humans and animals. Of the FoxO family, FoxO6 is the least characterized member and is shown to play pivotal roles in the liver, skeletal muscle and brain. Altered FoxO6 expression is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, dietary obesity and type 2 diabetes and risk of neurodegeneration disease. FoxO6 is evolutionally divergent from other FoxO isoforms. FoxO6 mediates insulin action on target genes in a mechanism that is fundamentally different from other FoxO members. Here, we focus our review on the role of FoxO6, in contrast with other FoxO isoforms, in health and disease. We review the distinctive mechanism by which FoxO6 integrates insulin signaling to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. We highlight the importance of FoxO6 dysregulation in the dual pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes. We review the role of FoxO6 in memory consolidation and its contribution to neurodegeneration disease and aging. We discuss the potential therapeutic option of pharmacological FoxO6 inhibition for improving glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes.
Soft Selective Sweeps in Evolutionary Rescue
Authors: Wilson Benjamin A , Pennings Pleuni S , Petrov Dmitri A
Published: February 2017

Evolutionary rescue occurs when a population that is declining in size because of an environmental change is rescued from extinction by genetic adaptation. Evolutionary rescue is an important phenomenon at the intersection of ecology and population genetics, and the study of evolutionary rescue is critical to understanding processes ranging from species conservation to the evolution of drug and pesticide resistance. While most population-genetic models of evolutionary rescue focus on estimating the probability of rescue, we focus on whether one or more adaptive lineages contribute to evolutionary rescue. We find that when evolutionary rescue is likely, it is often driven by soft selective sweeps where multiple adaptive mutations spread through the population simultaneously. We give full analytic results for the probability of evolutionary rescue and the probability that evolutionary rescue occurs via soft selective sweeps. We expect that these results will find utility in understanding the genetic signatures associated with various evolutionary rescue scenarios in large populations, such as the evolution of drug resistance in viral, bacterial, or eukaryotic pathogens.
Wheat Landrace Genome Diversity
Authors: Wingen Luzie U , West Claire , Leverington-Waite Michelle , Collier Sarah , Orford Simon , Goram Richard , Yang Cai-Yun , King Julie , Allen Alexandra M , Burridge Amanda , Edwards Keith J , Griffiths Simon
Published: February 2017

Understanding the genomic complexity of bread wheat is important for unraveling domestication processes, environmental adaptation, and for future of...

Understanding the genomic complexity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a cornerstone in the quest to unravel the processes of domestication and the following adaptation of domesticated wheat to a wide variety of environments across the globe. Additionally, it is of importance for future improvement of the crop, particularly in the light of climate change. Focusing on the adaptation after domestication, a nested association mapping (NAM) panel of 60 segregating biparental populations was developed, mainly involving landrace accessions from the core set of the Watkins hexaploid wheat collection optimized for genetic diversity. A modern spring elite variety, “Paragon,” was used as common reference parent. Genetic maps were constructed following identical rules to make them comparable. In total, 1611 linkage groups were identified, based on recombination from an estimated 126,300 crossover events over the whole NAM panel. A consensus map, named landrace consensus map (LRC), was constructed and contained 2498 genetic loci. These newly developed genetics tools were used to investigate the rules underlying genome fluidity or rigidity, e.g., by comparing marker distances and marker orders. In general, marker order was highly correlated, which provides support for strong synteny between bread wheat accessions. However, many exceptional cases of incongruent linkage groups and increased marker distances were also found. Segregation distortion was detected for many markers, sometimes as hot spots present in different populations. Furthermore, evidence for translocations in at least 36 of the maps was found. These translocations fell, in general, into many different translocation classes, but a few translocation classes were found in several accessions, the most frequent one being the well-known T5B:7B translocation. Loci involved in recombination rate, which is an interesting trait for plant breeding, were identified by QTL analyses using the crossover counts as a trait. In total, 114 significant QTL were detected, nearly half of them with increasing effect from the nonreference parents.
Editing of Mitochondrial Transcripts nad3 and cox2 by Dek10 Is Essential for Mitochondrial Function and Maize Plant Development
Authors: Qi Weiwei , Tian Zhongrui , Lu Lei , Chen Xiuzu , Chen Xinze , Zhang Wei , Song Rentao
Published: February 2017

Respiration, the core of mitochondrial metabolism, depends on the function of five respiratory complexes. Many respiratory chain-related proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and their RNAs undergo post-transcriptional modifications by nuclear genome-expressed factors, including pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. Maize defective kernel 10 (dek10) is a classic mutant with small kernels and delayed development. Through positional cloning, we found that Dek10 encodes an E-subgroup PPR protein localized in mitochondria. Sequencing analysis indicated that Dek10 is responsible for the C-to-U editing at nad3-61, nad3-62, and cox2-550 sites, which are specific editing sites in monocots. The defects of these editing sites result in significant reduction of Nad3 and the loss of Cox2. Interestingly, the assembly of complex I was not reduced, but its NADH dehydrogenase activity was greatly decreased. The assembly of complex IV was significantly reduced. Transcriptome and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that proper editing of nad3 and cox2 is critical for mitochondrial functions, biogenesis, and morphology. These results indicate that the E-subgroup PPR protein Dek10 is responsible for multiple editing sites in nad3 and cox2, which are essential for mitochondrial functions and plant development in maize.
The grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) of the grasslands in the southern portion of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Terra Bruno R. , Gatti Felipe D. , Carneiro Marco Antonio A. , Da Costa Maria Katia M.
Published: February 2017

Neotropical mountains host much of the Earth’s biodiversity. The Espinhaço Range of Brazil consists of a fragmented series of low-altitude mountains with extensive areas of grasslands. As is often the case with grasslands, grasshoppers are abundant and diverse in this ecosystem, although they are poorly known. The study was carried in three regions of the Espinhaço Range, located at southeastern Minas Gerais state: Serra do Ouro Branco, Serra do Ribeiro, and Serra do Cipó. The sampling of grasshoppers was performed using sweep and insect nets. Forty-six species (Serra do Cipó with 39 species, Serra do Ouro Branco with 25 species, and Serra do Ribeiro with 21 species) were collected. The richest family and subfamily was Acrididae and Gomphocerinae, respectively. This study recorded 17 new species occurrences to Minas Gerais.
PERIKANAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING (Thunnus albacares) DI PERAIRAN MARISA. TELUK TOMINI
Authors: Nugraha Budi , Suwarso Suwarso
Published: February 2017

Eksploilasi sumber daya tuna di perairan Teluk Tomini telah berlangsung lama dan cukup intensif dengan menggunakan  kapal-kapal yang bersifat tradisionar. Jenis ikan utama yang dieksploitasi di Teluk Tomini adalah madidihang atau tuna sirip kuning alau yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Tulisan ini berisi tentang perikanan tuna yang ditangkap oleh pancing ulur, antara lain mengenai aspek operasional, akivitas penangkapan, dan hasil tangkapan, berdasarkan pada data dan informasi yang terkumpul di Marisa (Propinsi Gorontalo).
TIPE SEDIMEN DI DASAR PERAIRAN ARAFURA
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto
Published: February 2017

setiap wilayah perairan mempunyai tipe sedimen berbeda-beda sesuai dengan retak geografis dan topografi. Informasi tipe sedimen tersebut, sangat penting untuk diketahui karena aspek ini dapat  digunakan sebagai data dukung bagi pengkajian sumber daya ikan demersal di suatu perairan. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka makalah ini akan menginformasikan tipe sedimen di perairan Arafura yang diperoleh dari salah satu kegiatan riset oseanografi yang dilakuian pada 2003.
KEANEKARAGAMAN IKAN DI DANAU SENTANI
Authors: Astuti Lismining Pujiyani , Umar Chairulwan , Warsa Andri
Published: February 2017

Danau sentani terletak di Kabupaten Jayapura Propinsi papua dengan luas 9.630 ha yang berfungsi sebagai tempat rekreasi, transportasi, kegiatan perikanan, dan upacara adat. Danau ini mempunyai keanekaragaman ikan baik yang asli (indigencus spesies) yaitu gete-gete (Apogon weichmani, Apogon beauforti), gabus (Oxyeoelotis tineolatus), gabus merah (Ophiocara aporos), sembilang (Hemipimelodus velutinus), rainbow (chilaterina senteniensis, Glossolepis lndicus), gastor (channa sp.) maupun introduksi yaitu nila (Tilapia nilotica), mas (cypinus carplo), tawes puntius orphoides), tambakan (Helostoma temmincki), mata merah (puntius orphoides), sepat (Trichogaster pectoraiis), mujair (tilapia mussambica)
KARAKTERISTIK PUKAT CINCIN MINI DI PEMALANG. JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Nurdin Erfind , Hufiadi Hufiadi
Published: February 2017

Penelitian mengenai karakteristik pukat cincin mini di Pemalang, Jawa Tengah merupakan bagain dari hasal penelitian cahaya pada tahun 2004 di Pemalang, Jawa Tengah, dengan cara mengikuti kapal mini purse sene komersil yang menggunakan alat bantu cahaya. Pengukuran dimensi alat tangkap dan biologi ikan dominan hasil tangkapan dilakukan di atas kapal.
PENANGKAPAN TUNA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KAPAL RISET M. V. SEAFDEC DI PERAIRAN SAMUDERA HINDIA
Authors: Nugraha Budi , Nurdin Erfind
Published: February 2017

Tuna merupakan jenis ikan peruaya jauh (highly migratory species) dan hidup bergerombolan. Tuna long lina dan tuna purse Seine merupakan alat tangkap yang sangat efektif digunakan terutama untuk menangkap tuna di perairan terbuka atau samudera. Tulisan ini memberikan data dan informasi mengenai kegiatan penangkapan tuna dengan kapal riset M. V. SEAFDEC milik SEAFDEC Thailand pada bulan Desember 2004 di perairan Samudera Hindia sebelah barat Sumatera dengan menggunakan alat tangkap tuna long line dan tuna purse seine Hasil tangkapan tuna long line didominasi oleh swordfish, diikuti oleh bigeye tuna dan yellovvlin tura, sedangkan hasil tangkapan tuna purse seine didominasi oleh skipjack tuna, diikuti oleh bigaye tuna, yelloMin tuna, dan ikan lain (by catch).
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FLUKTUASI TINGGI MUKA AIR DAN HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN DIWADUK lr' H' DJUANDA' JAWA BARAT
Authors: Umar Chairulwan , Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi
Published: February 2017

Pembendungan sungai citarum meniadi waduk k. H. Diuanda, Jatiluhur telah merubah ekosistem perairan mengaril menjadi ekosistem plrairan tergenang. Perubahan tersebut diduga berpengaruh terhadap habitat ikan dan pada akhirya berdampak terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan.
STRUKTUR DAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN KOMUNITAS IKAN DI ZONA LIMNETIK WADUK IR, DJUANDA, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi , Umar Chairulwan
Published: February 2017

Waduk Djuanda dengan luas permukaan air maksimum 8.300 ha termasuk perairan yeng subur (eutrolik) dan sebagian besar (80%) dari luas tersebut merupakan wilayah limnetik. Studi struktur, makanan, dan kebiasaan makan komunitas ikan di wilayah limnetik Waduk Djuanda telah dilakukan selama 1 tahun dari bulan April 2003 sampai dengan Maret 2004. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajad stalus struktur komunitas ikan dan peranan dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya pakan yang tersedia.
KONDfSI TREND BIOMASSA IKAN LAYANG (Decapterus spp.) DI LAUT JAWA DAN SEKITARNYA
Authors: Nugroho Duto
Published: February 2017

fkan layang (Decapterus spp.) adalah salah saiu komoditas perikanan pelagis kecil penting di lndonesia. lkan layang (Decapterus macrctsoma dan D. russe/o merupakan komponen utama ikan pelagis kecil di Laut Jawa. Ke-2 jenis ikan tersebut mendominasi hasil tangkapan pukat cincin lebih dari 5O%. Perubahan eksploitasi terjadi melalui kapasilas penangkapan (ukuran kapal dan termasuk kekuatan mesin, serla perluasan daerah penangkapan) dan taktik penangkapan (penggunaan cahaya sebagai alat bantu mengumpulkan ikan menggantikan peranan rumpon), telah merubah elisiensi alat tangkip pukat cincin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan st\ok (biomassa) ikan layang telah pulih kembali dalam tahun-iahun belakangan ini. Tetapi situasi sebaliknya ditunjukkan oleh hasil tangkapan yang menurun dan peningkatan upaya penangkapan. Berdasarkan pada morlalilas penangkapan dan upaya penangkapan yang disesuaikan kembali melalui F=q'E membuktikan bahwa pulih slok bersifat palsu Kenaikan lsju mortalitas penangkapan telah menyebabkan penurunan stok ikan layang yang serius.
KONDISI HIDROLOGIS DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN MALALUGIS (Decapferus macarellus) DI PERAIRAN TELUK TOMINI
Authors: Amri Khairul , Suwarso Suwarso , Awwaludin Awwaludin
Published: February 2017

Teluk Tomini yang merupakan perairan laut dalam dan bersifat semi tertutup memiliki sumber daya ikan yang cukup besar, lkan malalugis atau ikan layang bitu (Docapt€rus macarellus) merupakan salihsatu jsnis ikan pelagis kecil yang dominan tertangkap di perairan ini
HUBUNGAN PANJANG BOBOT, PERBANDINGAN JEN]S KELAMIN, DAN TfNGKAT KEMATANGAN GONAD TUNA MATA BESAR (Thunnus obesus) DI PERAIRAN LAUT BANDA
Authors: Nugraha Budi , Mardlijah Siti
Published: February 2017

Penelitian dilakukan tefiadap tuna mala besar hasil tangkapan kapal tuna long line yang beroperasi di perairan Laut Banda. Aspek biologi yang diteliti meliputi hubungan panjang bobot, perbandingan jenis kelamin, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad, dan tingkat kematangan gonad pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2OO2. Dan hasil analisis hubungan panjang bobot diketahui bahwa pola pertumbuhan tuna mata besar di perairan Laut Banda bersifat allometrik negatif. Perbandingan jenis kelamin jantan dan betina adalah 1,96:1, berdasarkan pada hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa rasio ikan jantan dan betina pada periode penelitian ini tidak seimbang di mana jumlah jantan 2 kali betina. lkan betina matang gonad pada ukuran lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan ikan jantan. Pemijahan tuna mata besar di perairan Laut Banda terjadi pada bulan Desember.
STRUKTUR UKURAN DAN FAKTOR KONDIS]IKAN TERBANG, Cheilopogon cyanopterus DAN C. spilopterus DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA TIMUR
Authors: Syahallatua Augy , Djamali Asikin , Makatipu Petrus , Rentua Rusli
Published: February 2017

Kajian struktur panjang dan faktor kondisi dilakukan untuk 2 jenis ikan lebeng, Cheilopogon cyanopterus dan C. sprlopferus yang dikumpulkan antara bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktober 2005 dari 3 lokasi di perairan Indonesia timur, yaitu Selat Makassar, Laut Sulawesi, dan Laut Arafura-Contoh ikan terbang diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan jaring insang, diidentifkasi, diukur panjang tolal, dan dilimbang bobot. Jumlah contoh yang memadai unluk jeni6 cyanopterus ditemukan di 3 lokasi, namun untuk contoh spilopterus hanya di 2 tokasi (Laut Sulawesi dan Laut Arafura). Struktur ukuran ke-2 jenis ikan terbang ini menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan contoh adalah ikan-ikan yang telah dewasa dan pernah memijah, walaupun panjang total jenis cyanopterus dari Selat Makassar cenderung lebih kecil dari 2 lokasi lain. Kondisi ke-2 jenis ikan ini dari 3 lokasi tidak menuniukkan perbedaan yang nyata (selama periode penelitian). Hal ini, mengindikasikan bahwa musim pemijahan yang mempengaruhi karakter fisiologis pada ke-2 j€nis ikan ini berlangsung dalam kurun waktu yang relatif sama di perairan Indonesia timur.
KONDISI PERAIRAN DASAR DAN KELIMPAHAN POPULASI BENTOS DI PERAIRAN ARAFURA
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto , Harlisman Harlisman , Wagiyo Karsono
Published: February 2017

Penelitian tentang kondisi perairan dasar dan kelimpahan populasi bentos telah dilakukan pada bulan OKober 2003 di perairan Laut Arafura. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan informasj kualitas lingkungan perairan dasar yang meliputi parameter kedalaman, kecerahan, suhu salinitas, pH oksigen terlarut, arus, struktur sedimen, kekayaan, dan kepadatan jenis makrozoobentos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, daerah penelitian termasuk perairan dangkal yang mempunyai tipe sedimen didominasi liat. Kondisi perairan dipengaruhi oleh 2 massa air dari Laut Banda dan Laut Arafura. Kondisi suhu air berkisar 23,05 sampaj dengan 24,96'C, salinitas 34,58 sampai dengan 35,19%0, pH 7,22 sampai dengan 7,74, kecepatan arus relatif lemah berkisar0,14 sampai dengan 0,70 m dt , dan kandungan oksigen terlarut pada umumnya rendah (<2 ppm) terutama pada lokasi sekitar muara Sungai Digul. Kekayaan jenjs bentos berkisar 4 sampai dengan 33 genera dengan kepadatan relatif berkisar 150 sampai dengan 39.700 ind m-'. Kepadatan terendah pada umumnya berada pada lokasi yang mempunyai kandungan oksigen rendah yakni di sekitar muara Sungai Digul.
State of the App: A Taxonomy and Framework for Evaluating Language Learning Mobile Applications
Authors: Rosell-Aguilar Fernando
Published: February 2017

The widespread growth in availability and use of smartphones and tablets has facilitated an unprecedented avalanche of new software applications with language learning and teaching capabilities. However, little has been published in terms of effective design and evaluation of language learning apps. This article reviews current research about the potential of apps for language learning and presents a taxonomy of available apps and their use for language learning. The article also presents a framework consisting of four categories for evaluating language learning apps (technology, pedagogy, user experience, and language learning) and a set of criteria within the categories. Finally, the article proposes areas for further research.
Implicated in the Indicator Game? An Experimental Debate
Authors: Fochler Maximilian , De Rijcke Sarah
Published: February 2017

The rise of new modes evaluating academic work has substantially changed institutions and cultures of knowledge production. This has been reflected and criticized in the literature in STS and beyond. For STS scholars, these debates (should) however have an even more specific dimension. Many of us are experts on aspects of these changes. But at the same time, we too are part of the processes we are analyzing, and often criticizing. To put it slightly provocatively, often we cannot avoid playing the very same game that we scrutinize. This creates tensions that many of us reflect on, and it certainly has created many implicit and explicit normative stances on how to deal with them. Yet it seems that so far there has been little room in our field to reflect on and exchange this particular kind of experience-based knowledge. There are many different ways to engage with the dynamics of evaluation, measurement and competition in contemporary academia, or to play what we refer to colloquially here as the “indicator game.” With this debate, we would like to give room to the expression and discussion of some of these ways. This text is the introduction and prompt to an experimental debate. We discuss the state of the academic discussion on the impact of indicator-based evaluation on academic organization, epistemic work and identities. We use insights from these debates to raise questions for how STS and STSers themselves deal with the indicator game. In conclusion, we summarize our contributors’ arguments and propose the concept of “evaluative inquiry” as a new way of representing the quality of STS work in evaluative contexts.
Under the Shadow of Time: Where Indicators and Academic Values Meet
Authors: Felt Ulrike
Published: February 2017

This essay aims at relating the growth of indicators to the shifting temporalities of academic work. Drawing on research into academic work and lives but also on professional experiences, I develop the notion of chronopolitics to analyze the politics of time governing academic knowledge production, work and evaluation. Drawing on a range of examples, from the projectification of academic work and lives to the epistemic effects of strictly timed career structures, I point to the multiplication of theatres of accountability and to the shifting focus of academic work from a logic of discovery to one of delivery. In conclusion, I suggest moving beyond a debate of how to best play the indicator game, to a more fundamental critique of the entanglement of indicators and time, and to a re-timing of research as a political project.
If the Indicator Game is the Answer, Then What is the Question?
Authors: Irwin Alan
Published: February 2017

This contribution begins by arguing that indicators in themselves do not have effects, but that it is crucial to understand which questions in the wider culture and governance of academia their use speaks to. Drawing partly on the author’s own experience in university management but also as an STS scholar, five important questions are presented to which indicators provide a kind of answer: ranging from public accountability over public research investment to intellectual and existential uncertainty. It is argued that understanding the wider institutional and professional logics is crucial if “better tunes” are to be developed in response to the indicator game: both to strengthen the standing and identity of the field and to support emerging scholars in this challenging context. The paper closes by inviting STSers––and particularly our professional institutions––to celebrate and, at the same time, take a stand for our diverse values, academic practices and notions of quality.
Playing the Indicator Game: Reflections on Strategies to Position an STS Group in a Multi-disciplinary Environment
Authors: Bal Roland
Published: February 2017

Roland Bal analyzes the strategies his research group developed to deal with the interlinked dynamics of research evaluation in a multi-disciplinary institutional environment characteristic of much STS research. Scholars in such environments constantly need to navigate and negotiate the standards of evaluation, in complex choreographies of cooperation and competition with other disciplinary groups. Bal describes strategies his group has successfully used, and how these strategies have both shifted the way research quality is assessed within the department as well as changed the way his group works and publishes. In conclusion, he describes performance management systems and research practices as co-constituted and calls for a debate on which forms of evaluation infrastructures allow for better ways of doing research in STS.
Bridging the Evaluation Gap
Authors: Wouters Paul
Published: February 2017

Paul Wouters’ essay is concerned with bridging the gap between what we value in our academic work and how we are assessed in formal evaluation exercises. He reflects on the recent evaluation of his own center, and reminds us that it is productive to see evaluations not as the (obviously impossible) attempt to produce a true representation of past work, but rather as the exploration and performance of “who one wants to be.” Reflecting on why STS should do more than just play along to survive in the indicator game, he suggests that our field should contribute to changing its very rules. In this endeavor, the attitude and sensibilities developed in our field may be more important than any specific theoretical concepts or methodologies.
Comment on Fochler and de Rijcke’s "Implicated in the indicator game? An experimental debate"
Authors: Strathern Marilyn
Published: February 2017

Professor Marilyn Strathern reflects on the essays comprising the ESTS Thematic Collection, "Implicated in the Indicator Game? An Experimental Debate."
Simple Resistance is Not an Option: Playing and Transforming the Indicator Game
Authors: Kleinman Daniel Lee
Published: February 2017

Professor Daniel Lee Kleinman reflects on the essays comprising the ESTS Thematic Collection, "Implicated in the Indicator Game? An Experimental Debate."
Microfluidics Lithography 4: How to Use PDMS Microfluidics Chips (with pictures) v1
Authors: Yilmaz Seyfullah , C. Yunus Sahan not provided , Serhat Sevli not provided
Published: February 2017

Nehir Biyoteknoloji Ltd. www.nehirbt.com This protocol explains the usage of PDMS microfluidics with an application example of analysis by microscope. Interpretive pictures are added.
Camylofin in the management of prolonged labor: a review of evidence
Authors: Mayadeo N. , Gangadhar A. , Das Srirupa
Published: February 2017

Prolonged labor can lead to increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hence, it warrants an early detection and appropriate clinical management. Active management of labor has shown to decrease the occurrence of prolonged labor. Administering antispasmodics during labor facilitates a faster and more effective dilatation of the cervix.  Hence, antispasmodics can be used to decrease the incidence of prolonged labor. Camylofin, a potent antispasmodic, with a dual mode of action, has been used in the augmentation of labor for more than six decades. There is a growing body of evidence to support the efficacy and tolerability of Camylofin in the active management of labor.  A review of published evidence suggests that Camylofin has superior efficacy in augmentation of labor on multiple counts like rate of cervical dilation, duration of active phase of first stage of labor and induction delivery interval, when compared to other spasmolytics like drotaverine, hyoscine and valethemate. It also has a benefit of a convenient single dose as compared to the other spasmolytics listed earlier. Camylofin has other advantages like a quick onset of action, prolonged action, no adverse effects on uterine contractility, no contraindication for use in uterine inertia cases and overall good tolerability for both mother and fetus. Given the superior efficacy and benefits that this drug exhibits, coupled with its excellent tolerability profile, Camylofin should be the first choice and may be preferred over other drugs for cervical dilatation and acceleration of active phase of labor.
A clinical study of feto-maternal outcome in pregnancies with oligohydramnios
Authors: S. Radhamani , Babitha .
Published: February 2017

Background: The amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus serves several roles during pregnancy. Oligohydramnios is diagnosed when ultrasonographically the AFI is less than 5cm/5th percentile. It affects 3-5% of all pregnancies. Assessment of amniotic fluid volume is a helpful tool in determining who is at risk for potentially adverse obstetric and perinatal outcome.Methods: Pregnant women with oligohydramnios reporting to Cheluvamba Hospital, attached to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore from December 2012- June 2014 were included in the clinical study of maternal and fetal outcome. All singleton, non-anomalous, low risk pregnancies with AFI≤5cm with intact membranes and gestational age between 28-42 weeks were included in the study. Various outcomes such as mode of delivery, meconium staining, Apgar at 1 and 5 minutes, birth weight and NICU admissions were assessed.Results: A total of 130 cases of isolated oligohydramnios were assessed. 55.4% had vaginal delivery. 13.8% underwent elective LSCS and 30.8% had emergency LSCS. 18.5% had meconium stained liquor, 4.6% babies had APGAR of <7 at 5 minutes. 17.7% had birth weight of <2.5 kg and 6.9% of babies required NICU admission.Conclusions: The present study was conducted to know the feto-maternal outcome in pregnancies with oligohydramnios. The study showed that isolated oligohydramnios had no adverse maternal or perinatal outcome.
Is current rising trends of cesarean section –justified ?
Authors: Preetkamal . , Kaur Harmanpreet , Nagpal Madhu
Published: February 2017

Background: Cesarean section has become more prevalent over the years due to various factors and is exceeding the tolerable limit specified by WHO. The objective of this study was to analyze cesarean section rates in our department and to identify the factors that contributed to rising cesarean section rate considering both institutional aspects as well as socioeconomic causes.Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted between May 2015 to April 2016 and included all pregnant patients booked in antenatal clinic and unbooked patients admitted in early labour in whom cesarean section was conducted later along with cases coming in emergency for which cesarean section was indicated. Data was collected and categorized on the basis of age, parity, socioeconomic status, education and according to Robson’s ten group classification.Results: The cesarean section rate was found to be 33.2% in our study. The most common indication was repeat cesarean section, fetal distress, and breech presentation. Robson’s group1 had maximum cesarean rates followed by group 5, 6 and 3.Conclusions: Tertiary care centers cannot be expected to have a similar rate as primary and secondary ones due to high number of complex cases referred to them. Though effort should be made to keep the cesarean rate at a low level as suggested by WHO but denying it for an indicated case just to adhere to keep low rate jeopardizes maternal and fetal health. Hence no definitive guidelines can be followed and a very judicious approach is needed.
Clinicopathological profile of ovarian tumors in the age group 10-20 years
Authors: V. Priya
Published: February 2017

Background: Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. 1% neoplasm occurs in this age group below 17 years, of this, 3% are ovarian neoplasms. Aim was to study retrospectively the clinicopathological profile and outcome of ovarian tumors in the age group 10-20 years in Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India from January 2008 for six years.Methods: Fifty Patients who have undergone laparotomy in this institution during the period were taken for study. Data regarding age, mode of presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment and histopathology were recorded. Follow-up was also taken into consideration. Patients with polycystic ovary, corpus luteal cyst, follicular cyst and endometriotic cyst are excluded.Results: Majority of the patients fall between the age group 15-20 years. Major clinical presentation was pain (40%), followed by abdominal mass. Laparotomy was done for all cases except three where laparoscopy was done. Imprint cytology taken for 3 cases. Histopathology showed malignant tumors in 6 cases and benign tumors in 44 cases. Epithelial tumors outnumbered germ cell tumors.Conclusions: This study shows the predominance of epithelial neoplasms in the age group 10-20 years. Proportion of malignancy is 12%.
Effectiveness of evidence based regimen for medical abortion over conventional methods
Authors: Gopal Anitha K. , Sajini B. Sajini B. , S. Ganamurali , R. Beena Kumari
Published: February 2017

Background: Medical abortion is a means of medical termination of pregnancy by drugs alone. This can be done upto 63 days using mifepristone and misoprostol tablets. For the conventional method, patient has to come to the hospital 3 times. In our study we reduced the interval between the drugs there by reducing the number of hospital visits. The objectives were to study the reduction of induction abortion interval following administration of evidence based regimen and to compare the proportion of patients developing complications in both the groups.Methods: It was a comparative study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Govermnent MedicalCollege Kottayam, Kerala, India from May 2015 to November 2015.Results: The mean induction abortion interval in experimental group was 14.3 hours and in control group, it was 60.4 hours which was found to be statistically significant. Only 3 patients (7%) of experimental group had side effects whereas 12 patients. (17.4%) had side effects in the control group. Major side effects encountered were severe abdominal pain and severe bleeding per vaginum. Evidence based  regimen consist of administration of mifepristone 200mg and vaginal misoprostol 600µg 6 hours later for termination of pregnancy up to 63 days could reduce the induction abortion interval by 46 hours and had less side effects.Conclusions: As it reduces the induction abortion Interval and complications we feel that the evidence based regimen for Medical Termination of Pregnancy is superior to the FDA approved regimen.
Pregnancy outcome in low risk pregnancy with decreased amniotic fluid index
Authors: Bhat Swathi , E. Ambika H. , G. Lepakshi B. , S. Savitha C.
Published: February 2017

Background: To evaluate whether oligohydramnios (AFI≤5) has any significance in the outcome of low risk pregnancies. Normal amniotic fluid index in pregnancy is one of the indicators of fetal well-being.  In a term pregnancy, oligohydramnios, a condition associated with AFI≤5, could be a sign of placental insufficiency. An association of low AFI with complications like pregnancy induced hypertension, consistently leads to poor fetal outcome. A need to deliver the fetus by cesarean section often arises. Occasionally one comes across a full-term pregnancy with AFI ≤5 with no known high risk factors; this could lead to increased cesarean section rates. Thus, it becomes necessary to evaluate if AFI ≤5 in the absence of other risk factors has any significance on obstetric outcome.Methods: Prospective case controlled study was done. Fifty women with term pregnancies and (AFI≤5) cm not associated with any other high risk factors were enrolled for the study. They were matched with fifty controls with normal AFI.Results: Except for a slight increase in variable deceleration in the study group, no differences were noted with fetal heart rate recordings in NST.  Decreased AFI was not associated with increased cesarean section rates, instrumental deliveries or meconium stained amniotic fluid. Severe asphyxia, NICU admission or perinatal mortality was not noted in either group.Conclusions: When a low risk pregnancy is associated with Oligohydramnios (AFI≤5), it does not have any deleterious effect on labor outcome or perinatal outcome.