bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NEW CELL CLONE DERIVED FROM TRICHOPLUSIA NI TN5B1–4 CELLS
Authors: Tian Jian‐xiao , Li Chang‐you , Zheng Gui‐ling , Li Guo‐xun , Wang Ping , Granados R. R.
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The characteristics of a cultured cell line do not always remain stable and may change upon continuous passage. Most continuous cell lines, even after cloning, possess several genotypes that are constantly changing. There are numerous selective and adaptive culture processes, in addition to genetic instability, that may improve phenotypic change in cell growth, virus susceptibility, gene expression, and production of virus. Similar detrimental effects of long term passaging of insect cells have also been reported for continuous cell lines, for example, Tn5B1–4 cells, which are the most widely used for the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), provide superior production of recombinant proteins, however, this high productivity may be more evident in low passage cells. In this paper, we describe the isolation of a cell clone, Tn5B‐40, from low passage Tn5B1–4 cells. The growth characteristics, productions of virus, and high level of recombinant protein productions were determined. The results showed the susceptibility of both clone and Tn5B1–4 cells to wild‐type AcNPV was approximately the same rate with over 95% of infection; when the cloned cells were infected with recombinant baculoviruses expressing ß ‐galactosidase and secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), expression of the recombinant proteins from the cloned cells exceeded that from the parental Tn5B1–4 cells.
BIOLOGY OF CHRYSOPA PHYLLOCHROMA WESMAEL (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE). II: INTRASPECIFIC INTERFERENCE AND SEARCHING CAPACITY
Authors: Su Jian‐wei , Liu Xiang‐hui , Xiao Neng‐wen , Ge Feng
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The present study examined intraspecific interference and searching behavior of Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) for Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) nymphs under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results were shown as follow: 1) In four different arenas (i.e. Petri dish, glass vessel, glass vessel with barriers in it, and cage with potted cotton plant), the predaceous efficiency of C. phyllochroma larvae varied with the predator density, the hunt constant (Q) and the intraspecific interference (m) increased with the prey density but decreased with the space heterogeneity; 2) In cage with potted cotton plant, the first‐ and second‐instar green lacewing larvae consumed 13.6 and 29.4 cotton aphiddday respectively. The number of cotton aphids consumed by C. phyllochroma on lower leaves was significantly less than that on upper leaves; and 3) In cage with potted cotton plant, the percentage of the first‐ and second‐instar green lacewing larvae located on upper leaves was significant less than that on lower leaves.
PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF ADULT DIAPAUSE IN CHRYSOPERLA SINICA (TJEDER) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE— I. CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD AND SENSITIVE STAGES OF ADULT DIAPAUSE INDUCTION
Authors: Xu Yong‐yu , Mu Ji‐yuan , Hu Cui , Wang Hong‐gang
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Photoperiodic sensitivity for diapause induction of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) was examined at 22°C. The adult diapause of C. sinica was induced by short‐day photoperiods, and the critical photoperiod for its induction was between 12.5L‐11.5D and 13L‐11D.

Adults developed without diapause under long‐day conditions, and entered diapause under short‐day conditions. The adult stage was the uppermost sensitive stage for adult diapause induction, adults could go into diapause only when the emerging adults were under diapause‐inducing short‐day photoperiods. The short‐day photoperiodic experience by transferring between 15L: 9D and 9L: 15D at preimaginal stages did not result in adult diapause under 15L: 9D photo regime, although some treatments extended the pre‐oviposition period in adult stage. The results showed that the 3rd instar larvae and pre‐pupae were more sensitive to the photoperiodic change from 15L: 9D to 9L: 15D photo regime than the other preimaginal stages.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS MICROPELUS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE: MICROPEPLINM) IN CHINA
Authors: Zhao Cai‐yun , Zhou Hong‐zhang
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper describes a new species, Micropeplus dentatus, sp. nov., of the rove beetle subfamily Micropeplinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Zhejiang Province, China. The new species belongs to tesserula group of the genus Micropeplus and is characterized mainly by two discal costae on elytron and no punctures on dorsal surface, strong carina on vertex, strong pseudepipleura and its special genitalia. It is similar to Micropeplus sharpi Sawada from Japan. The type specimens are deposited at the Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
ANALYSIS ON THE DYNAMICS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF MIXED SPIDER POPULATION IN RICE FIELD
Authors: Wang Zhi , Yuan Zhe‐ming , Song Da‐xiang , Zhu Ming‐sheng
Published: April 2008

Abstract The results make it clear that there are total 11 families, 29 genera and 43 species of spiders in the rice field of Dong Fang Hong Farm. Among them, there are 8 families, 19 genera and 28 species in the early rice field, and 10 families, 27 genera and 36 species in the late rice field. The spatial distribution pattern of mixed spider populations in rice fields was different during different development stages of rice plant. During the prophase, metaphase and anaphase of early rice plant development, the spatial distribution pattern of mixed spider populations was aggregative, random and aggregative respectively. During the prophase, metaphase and anaphase of late rice plant development, the spatial distribution pattern was uniform, aggregative and uniform respectively.
A Universal Intravenous Adaptor
Authors: FOWLER N. G.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A disposable device is described, known as a universal intravenous adaptor. This is found to be of particular use in the cat and very small dog when, during the course of operation, intermittent intravenous injections are to be given.
A Preliminary Communication on the Use of an Enzyme Preparation in Small Animal Geriatrics
Authors: DE HAAN W.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— A preliminary account is given of the clinical results from treating various disorders of ageing dogs and cats with an enzyme preparation; this preparation is a combination of tyrosinase and amine‐oxidase, and enzymes of the lipid metabolism.
The Chinchilla in Veterinary Practice*
Authors: COUSENS P. J.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— The disease conditions most frequently observed in chinchilla in general practice are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the alimentary, respiratory and reproductive systems. Examination procedures and health standards are reviewed.
Diseases of the Chinchilla*
Authors: DALL J.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— Some specific diseases of the chinchilla are discussed, including salmonellosis, enteritis, haemorrhagic septicaemia, pseudo‐tuberculosis, listerellosis, pseudomoniasis, coliform and streptococcal infections, protozoal diseases and toxoplasmosis.
Some Conditions of the Skin and Fur of Chinchilla lanigera*
Authors: REES R. G.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— Three conditions affecting the skin and fur of Chinchilla lanigera, and the pockets of the breeders of these animals, namely fur‐slip, fur fungus, and fur‐chewing are considered. The aetiology, pathology, clinical picture, and treatment of all three are discussed in detail and the picture of recent research into the causation and treatment of fur‐chewing presented.
Small Animal Disease in London, 1834
Authors: BARBER‐LOMAX J. W.
Published: April 2008

Abstract— An account of some small animal diseases seen in clinical practice in London in 1834. The reports were compiled by William Youatt and cover skin diseases, distemper and rabies, and other conditions including thyroid enlargement, helminths and paralysis.
Report of a Persistent Right Aortic Arch and its Surgical Correction in a Cat
Authors: UHRICH SARA JANE
Published: April 2008

Abstract— Successful surgical repair of the persistent right aortic arch in a cat is reported. The importance of good preoperative physical condition and careful radiological examination is emphasized.
Spondylosis deformans of the lumbo‐sacral joint in dogs
Authors: WRIGHT JAYNE A.
Published: April 2008

The lumbo sacral angle and the relationship between L7 and the sacrum was measured in dogs with and without vertebral osteophyte formation, including some exhibiting evidence of a significant lesion at the lumbo sacral level. It was deduced that these parameters did not vary greatly between the different groups of dogs, and were therefore not helpful in the diagnosis of disease. The use of myelography was also discussed.
Pulmonary paragonimiasis in dogs and cats: a review
Authors: Pechman R. D.
Published: April 2008

Pulmonary paragonimiasis is a parasitic lung disease of dogs and cats caused by the trematode Paragonimus kellicotti. The disease is encountered most frequently in the Southeastern and Midwestern regions of the United States. The radiographic appearance of pulmonary paragonimiasis is that of multiloculated cysts in dogs and interstitial nodules in cats. Spontaneous pneumothorax is common in both species. Recognition of the characteristic pulmonary lesions on thoracic radiographs justifies repeated faecal examinations in order to find Paragonimus ova to confirm the diagnosis. Necropsy findings are diagnostic. Bithionol®and albendo.‐zole have been used for treatment with variable results. Drug availability and approval remain as problems.
The complications of diaphyseal fractures in dogs: a review of 100 cases
Authors: HUNT J. M. , AITKEN M. L. , DENNY H. R. , GIBBS C.
Published: April 2008

The complications of diaphyseal fractures treated surgically and by closed methods are described with reference to 100 dogs. Instability and infection were the most common causes of complications. Fifty‐nine per cent of dogs recovered after corrective treatment while failures were mainly encountered in small dogs with non‐union fractures of the distal radius and ulna and dogs with chronic ostomyelitis.
Odontoid process dysplasia in a dog
Authors: ZAKI F. A.
Published: April 2008

A six‐and‐a‐half year old spayed female Sheltie was referred to The Animal Medical Center with upper motor neurone signs to the four limbs. Radiographic and myelographic examinations were not significant. Postmortem examination revealed that dysplasia of the dens caused compression of the spinal cord.
Tuberculosis in cats A report of two cases
Authors: ORR C. M. , KELLY D. F. , LUCKE V. M.
Published: April 2008

Clinical and pathological findings are described in two recent cases of tuberculosis in the cat; the importance of differentiating this disease from lymphosarcoma is emphasized.
Transplanting the superficial gluteal muscle in the treatment of perineal hernia and flexure of the rectum in the dog
Authors: SPREULL J. S. A. , FRANKLAND A. L.
Published: April 2008

The authors distinguish between perineal hernia and flexure of the rectum. They describe in detail an operative procedure to treat these conditions using a transplanted superficial gluteal muscle to reinforce the ischio rectal fossa.
Urinary incontinence in the dog due to accidental vagino‐ureteral fistulation during hysterectomy
Authors: PEARSON H. , GIBBS C.
Published: April 2008

The paper reports urinary incontinence in three bitches caused by vagino‐ureteral fistulation during or soon after hysterectomy. Diagnostic radiological features are described and the possible causes are discussed.
The surgical treatment of osteochondritis dissecans and ununited coronoid process in the canine elbow joint
Authors: DENNY H. R. , GIBBS CHRISTINE
Published: April 2008

The case details of ten dogs with osteochondritis dissecans of the medial condyle of the humerus and seven dogs with ununited coronoid process are presented. Seventeen dogs were treated surgically and the medial approach to the elbow is described.
A bronchial foreign body in a chimpanzee
Authors: ÖDKVIST L. M. , SCHAUMAN P.
Published: April 2008

The paper reports a bronchial foreign body with unusual clinical signs in a chimpanzee. The illness lasted some months and was manifested by malaise, reduced appetite, loss in body weight and a spontaneous abortion. Routine auscultation and radiography could not be performed initially because of the size and disposition of the animal but chest radiography was later carried out under general anaesthesia and revealed a foreign body which was extracted through a bronchoscope from the right main bronchus. Methods of anaesthesia suitable for bronchoscopy are discussed but the Venturi technique using a jet air injector seems to be the method of choice.
Transarticular pinning as a treatment for hip luxation in the dog and cat
Authors: BENNETT D. , DUFF S. R.
Published: April 2008

A transarticular pinning technique is described for the treatment of coxo‐femoral luxation in the dog. It provides an alternative technique in recurrent luxation cases and in cases complicated by other factors which render more conservative methods inapplicable.
Routine lens extraction for the treatment of cataract in the dog*
Authors: SPREULL J. S. A. , CHAWLA H. B. , CRISPIN S. M.
Published: April 2008

In dogs treated for cataract by lens extraction, the authors comment on the wide variety of procedures that have been advocated and used in pre‐operative treatment, anaesthesia, operative technique and postoperative care. The article outlines the procedures that have been tried and rejected over the last 10 years and those which are now favoured by the authors. Using standard criteria to assess results, the successful outcome of treatment has increased from 50% to 75%.
The molecular basis of malabsorption
Authors: BATT R. M.
Published: April 2008

The structure of the small intestinal mucosa is introduced in order to detail the mechanisms for the digestion and absorption of the major dietary constituents. The abnormalities that can result in malabsorption are then described stressing the clinical implications of these conditions.
Primary fibroma in the right atrium of a dog
Authors: LOMBARD C. W. , GOLDSCHMIDT M. H.
Published: April 2008

Signs of congestive heart failure developed in a 1 ‐year old male Irish Setter during a 3‐week period. Pleural effusion and right atrial enlargement were evident on radiographs. The electrocardiogram had low voltage and small negative P‐waves in leads II, III and aVF. The dog did not respond to therapy. At necropsy, a neoplasm was found involving parts of the right atrial wall and filling most of the right atrial lumen. The histological diagnosis was fibroma.
Diaphragmatic hernia. Analysis of fifty‐six cases in dogs and cats
Authors: GARSON HELEN L. , DODMAN N. H. , BAKER G. J.
Published: April 2008

A review of fifty‐six cases of diaphragmatic hernia in the dog and cat is presented. These were admitted to the University of Glasgow Veterinary School between January 1972 and August 1978. Fifty‐three of these cases were treated surgically but only twenty‐nine survived to be discharged from the hospital. The reasons for the low survival rate are discussed in detail.
Angiographic features in a case of extensive arterial thrombosis in a dog
Authors: BREE H. VAN , RICK A. DE , MATTHEEUWS D.
Published: April 2008

This report documents the diagnosis of an extensive thrombosis of the caudal portion of the aorta in a Dalmatian dog. By angiography a detailed study was made of the extent and localization of the thrombus.
A computerized system for storing and querying clinical case record summaries
Authors: THRUSFIELD M. V. , HINXMAN A. I.
Published: April 2008

A computerized system of storing and retrieving case records is described. Data which are related to clinical cases are recorded and coded. The coded data are input to a computer. The data may be displayed and complex correlative questions may be addressed to the database.
Radiological examination of the rabbit. 1. The head, thorax and vertebral column
Authors: GIBBS CHRISTINE , HINTON M. H.
Published: April 2008

The normal radiographic anatomy of the head, thorax and vertebral column of the rabbit is described briefly and the radiological features of some disorders affecting these areas are reported.
Anal sac gland adenocarcinoma in the dog: 14 cases
Authors: GOLDSCHMIDT MICHAEL H. , ZOLTOWSKI CAROL
Published: April 2008

Anal sac gland adenocarcinomas were identified in 14 dogs, 11 of which were female. The majority of the dogs were over 9 years old. Recurrence and metastasis to regional lymph nodes were common. Pseudo‐hyper‐parathyroidism may be seen in association with this tumour.
Canine giant axonal neuropathy; some aspects of its clinical, pathological and comparative features
Authors: DUNCAN I. D. , GRIFFITHS I. R.
Published: April 2008

Giant axonal neuropathy is a newly discovered, neurological disease of the Alsatian which is probably inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The clinical features of the disease, its differential diagnosis and pathology are discussed in this review. First signs of weakness and ataxia appear in the hind legs of affected dogs at 14–15 months with areflexia, atrophy and diminution of pain sensation. The development of mega‐oesophagus appears to be a cardinal feature of the disease. Distal tibial nerve biopsy demonstrates multifocal axonal swellings which result from neurofilament accumulation. Similar lesions are seen at the ends of motor and sensory tracts in the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of this axonopathy is unknown but the possible causes are discussed and the comparative features of the disease presented.
Reticulosis of the eyes and the central nervous system in a dog
Authors: GARMER N. L. , NAESER P. , BERGMAN A. J.
Published: April 2008

Bilateral optic neuritis was diagnosed in a 5‐year old dog, which had been blind for two days. Vision returned after corticosteroid therapy. Two weeks after the end of this treatment the dog became blind again and, in addition, showed ataxia. Post‐mortem examination revealed changes in both the central nervous system and the eyes. The histopathological changes observed were consistent with those of reticulosis.
The effect of season of the year on the characteristics and composition of dog semen
Authors: TAHA M. B. , NOAKES D. E. , ALLEN W. EDWARD
Published: April 2008

Semen (collected by digital manipulation) and peripheral blood samples were obtained twice weekly from five fully grown Beagle dogs for a twelve month period from 1st August to 31st July. Sperm concentration, sperm output and glycerylphosphorylcholine concentrations of the second fraction showed evidence of a seasonal variation with highest values recorded in the months of March, April, May and June. The libido of the dogs, volume of ejaculate, percentage dead and abnormal spermatozoa, sperm motility and plasma testosterone concentration showed no evidence of seasonal change.
Toxic nodular goitre in the cat
Authors: HOENIG MARGARETHE , GOLDSCHMIDT MICHAEL H. , FERGUSON DUNCAN C. , KOCH KAARON , EYMONTT MICHAEL J.
Published: April 2008

Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 24 aged cats and was characterized by palpable enlargement of the thyroid gland, high circulating levels of thyroid hormones, increased thyroidal uptake of 123I, and abnormal uptake and distribution of activity on thyroid scintiscans. Unilateral or bilateral thyroidectomy was performed in all cats and resulted in remission of signs in all but one case. The histological diagnosis was adenomatous hyperplasia in 23 cats and adenocarcinoma in one. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations decreased to normal or subnormal levels within 24 hours after complete removal of functioning thyroid nodules. Hypothyroidism occurred postoperatively in 16 of the 24 cats. Presumed hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia occurred in 6 cases.
Aspergillus spp infection associated with orbital cellulitis and sinusitis in a cat
Authors: WILKINSON G. T. , SUTTON R. H. , GRONO L. R.
Published: April 2008

Bilateral proptosis of the eyeballs and prolapse of the membrana nictitans together with frontal sinusitis in a cat were found to be due to infection with the fungus, Aspergillus. No predisposing cause for the infection was detected. This is the first report of this particular manifestation of aspergillosis in the cat.
Hemicastration and castration in the beagle dog; the effects on libido, peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations, seminal characteristics and testicular function
Authors: TAHA M. B. , NOAKES D. E. , ALLEN W. EDWARD
Published: April 2008

Hemicastration of five beagle dogs had no effect on their libido, and in four dogs the total seminal volume and sperm concentration of the second fraction was unchanged; sperm output immediately fell in these four animals. Plasma testosterone concentrations in the peripheral circulation were largely unaffected by hemicastration but following complete castration the value fell rapidly and remained low. The first ejaculates, collected 5 days after complete castration, were aspermic. There was no evidence of compensatory changes in the histological structure in those testes which were removed 41 to 44 days after the first gonad. Evidence of the maturation of spermatozoa with migration and subsequent detachment of the cytoplasmic droplet was observed in stained smears of epididymal semen.
Lead poisoning and canine distemper
Authors: HAMIR A. N. , WILKINSON J. S. , HANDSON P. D.
Published: April 2008

Clinical signs of lead poisoning are rather nonspecific and have often been confused with those of canine distemper. Described is a case of canine distemper which on clinical examination, haematology and biochemical test (U‐ALA) indicated intoxication with lead. The case demonstrates the value of taking blood samples for the purpose of estimation of lead level in suspect cases of lead poisoning.
Choledocholithiasis in the dog; a review and a report of a case with rupture of the common bile duct
Authors: MULLOWNEY PETER C. , TENNANT BUD C.
Published: April 2008

Cholelithiasis is the presence of concretions in the gall bladder or bile duct. The veterinary literature is reviewed and a case reported. The subject was a seven‐year‐old male Schnauzer with presenting signs of depression, dehydration, pyrexia, icterus, vomiting and diarrhoea. Laboratory evaluation revealed a marked neutrophilia and elevation of SGPT and BUN. A radiopaque cholelith was seen on an abdominal X‐ray. Euthanasia was requested because of the patient's poor condition. On post mortem examination, local peritonitis and abscess formation around the common bile duct were occluding the outflow of bile and causing adhesions to small and large intestine. The cholelith was analysed and was found to consist mainly of calcium bilirubinate.
Chronic hypertrophic gastritis in a dog: successful treatment by partial gastrectomy
Authors: HUXTABLE C. R. , MILLS J. N. , CLARK W. T. , THOMPSON R.
Published: April 2008

A dog with listlessness, anorexia and iron‐deficiency anaemia was found to have chronic hypertrophic gastritis. The animal returned to good health following partial gastrectomy, suggesting that the gastric lesion was the cause of the clinical signs. The cause of the gastric lesion was not determined.
Hepatotoxicity associated with methotrexate therapy in a dog
Authors: POND ELEANOR C. , MORROW DAVID
Published: April 2008

A nine‐year‐old male Newfoundland‐cross was treated with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate as adjuvant chemotherapy following the resection of a maxillary osteosarcoma. The dog remained in good health until week 13 of therapy, when he became anorexic, and developed icterus and ascites. Laboratory tests at this time suggested sub‐acute hepatic failure and renal failure. Necropsy revealed severe generalized hepatic necrosis with resultant ascites and intestinal haemorrhage. Since there was no evidence on necropsy of an infectious aetiology, and since there was no history of toxin ingestion, methotrexate which is a known hepatotoxin in man, was considered the probable cause of the hepatic necrosis. This side‐effect of methotrexate has not previously been reported in the dog, and animals undergoing therapy with the drug should be monitored closely for hepatotoxicity.
A study of vertebral osteophyte formation in the canine spine. I. Spinal survey
Authors: WRIGHT JAYNE A.
Published: April 2008

Spinal radiographs were made of fifty‐nine cadavers and examined for the presence of vertebral osteophytes. The osteophytes were classified into two types and examined histologically. It was concluded that the end‐plate osteophyte (type 1) represents spondylosis performans and that the type 2 osteophyte may fit into definition of the human condition, ankylosing hyperostosis.
Feeding behaviour in the cat—recent advances
Authors: THORNE C. J.
Published: April 2008

The domestic cat, Felis catus, provides one of the few representatives of the order Carnivora whose behaviour may be studied within the laboratory environment. In recent studies of cat feeding behaviour, there has been a fundamental shift in emphasis away from internal factors of control, the homeostatic model, towards investigation of the controlling influence of external environmental factors on food choice and feeding patterns. Food choice is discussed in relation to prior dietary experience and the motivational level of the animal. Feeding patterns are shown to be strongly associated with food availability and energy economy rather than the momentary physiological state of the animal.
Metabolic basis for some of the nutritional peculiarities of the cat
Authors: MORRIS JAMES G. , ROGERS QUINTON R.
Published: April 2008

The nutritional requirements of most mammals exhibit a remarkable degree of similarity, a reflection of common evolutionary origin. However, among mammals two groups, ruminants and carnivores, appear to possess the greatest divergence in dietary requirements. The former group have been extensively studied, their nutritional peculiarities arising from a specialized pregastric digestive system. Carnivores have been largely neglected by nutritionists, and yet offer a most interesting divergence in dietary requirements amongst mammals. It would appear that the specialized diet, i.e. animal tissue, of true carnivores has permitted metabolic adaptation through modification of enzymes and enzyme systems which are expressed as peculiarities in nutritional requirements. The purpose of this paper is to review the metabolic basis for some of the nutritional peculiarities of the domestic cat, a true carnivore which has received the most attention.

The following nutrients, or metabolic functions, are discussed: vitamin A, niacin, taurine, arginine, gluconeogenesis, nitrogen conservation and essential fatty acids. The latter two topics are covered by other discussants at this symposium and are only included here for completeness. The reader is requested to consult the relevant papers of Rogers & Morris (1982) and Rivers (1982).
The Fanconi syndrome in a Whippet
Authors: MACKENZIE C. P. , VAN DEN BROEK A.
Published: April 2008

The case history, clinical and laboratory findings in a Whippet affected with Fanconi's syndrome are presented. The syndrome which shows glucosuria, amino‐aciduria and hyperphosphaturia does not appear to have been reported previously in dogs in the United Kingdom.
Canine granular cell tumour (myoblastoma): a report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: TURK MARGARET A. M. , JOHNSON GAYLE C. , GALLINA ANTHONY M. , TRIGO FRANCISCO J.
Published: April 2008

Four cases of canine granular cell tumour (myoblastoma) were diagnosed at the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory between 1977 and 1981. Two of the tumours occurred in the tongue, one in the lip and one in the larynx. Three cell types were found in the tumours. Granular cells, with abundant periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐positive cytoplasmic granules, were most numerous. Interstitial cells resembled fibroblasts and were often adjacent to collagen fibrils. Angulate body cells contained PAS‐positive, ovoid cytoplasmic inclusions composed of microtubular subunits. Review of these and reported cases indicates no breed or sex predisposition for this rare tumour. The tongue is the most common site and all but one tumour have occurred in or adjacent to the oral cavity. There have been no reports of recurrence or metastasis of granular cell tumours except the recurrence of a disputed case in the subcutis of a dog.
The differential diagnosis of retinal degeneration in the dog and cat
Authors: BARNETT K. C. , CURTIS R. , MILLICHAMP N. J.
Published: April 2008

The theme of this paper is the differential diagnosis between the hereditary and progressive retinal atrophies and the non‐hereditary, postinflammatory retinal degenerations. Descriptions include the ophthalmoscopic features of bilateral symmetry1 and progression in both generalized and central forms of progressive retinal atrophy and the asymmetrical, sometimes non‐progressive, rocal or widespread nature of the other lesions. Brief mention is also made of the hereditary and congenital non‐progressive retinopathies. The breed and age incidence are other contributory factors in differential diagnosis, together with the behavioural signs of the type of defective vision. Other more recent and sophisticated methods of investigation of cases of retinal degeneration by electroretinography, fluorescein angiography and retinal biopsy are briefly described. In the cat, generalized progressive retinopathy, focal and stationary retinal degeneration, taurine deficiency and hereditary progressive retinal atrophy in the Abyssinian breed are discussed.
Generalized osteomyelitis in a dog: a case report
Authors: READ R. A. , CARLISLE CAROL H. , BATE MARY
Published: April 2008

Osteomyelitis of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae and ribs was diagnosed in a mature German Shepherd dog. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium sp. were isolated from a rib biopsy. Treatment with an extended course of chloramphenicol resulted in recovery, both clinically and radiographically.
A comparison of conservative treatment and fenestration for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease in the dog
Authors: DAVIES J. V. , SHARP N. J. H.
Published: April 2008

Many dogs will recover after a thoracolumbar disc protrusion whether they are treated conservatively or surgically. Two statistically similar groups of dogs submitted to the Department of Surgery, Royal Veterinary College (RVC) and to the Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow Veterinary School (UGVS) were reviewed. At the RVC an aggressive surgical policy was adopted and at the UGVS a conservative regime was followed.

A comparison has been made between the two groups to evaluate the advantages of each regime. This comparison has provided the basis for a treatment protocol for cases of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease in the dog.
Traumatic rupture of the bile duct in the dog: a report of seven cases
Authors: WATKINS P. E. , PEARSON H. , DENNY H. R.
Published: April 2008

The paper describes the clinical signs, treatment and post‐operative management of seven dogs with bile duct rupture, all of which recovered.
A rapid method for determining normal weights of medium‐to‐large mongrel dogs
Authors: PENDERGRASS PAULA B. , BARTLEY C. MURRAY , NAGY FRANK , REAM LARRY J. , STUHLMAN ROBERT
Published: April 2008

The length, circumference, height and weight of 63 (29 female, 34 male) unconditioned mongrel dogs were measured. Means and standard deviations of the mean were calculated for each parameter for males, females, and combined totals. Combined totals were used to plot regression lines for length: weight, circumference: weight, and height: weight. Correlation coefficients of the lines of regression were 0.76, 0.85, and 0.41 for length: weight, circumference: weight, and height: weight, respectively, and standard errors for the three parameters were 3.20, 2.25, and 3.95, respectively. Circumference, the best single parameter for predicting weight, was selected and used to compile a table of normalized weights expressed in kilograms and pounds for convenient comparison.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy in the dog
Authors: ENGLISH P. B. , PRESCOTT C. W.
Published: April 2008

This paper presents the rationale for the use of antimicrobial therapy in the dog according to the body system or organ in which an infection is located. In so doing, it correlates information on the abilities possessed by the different groups of antimicrobial drugs to penetrate sites of infection in particular body tissues. It also presents information on the clinical results reported after the use of particular antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of infections involving specific body systems and organs. The information provided on dose rates is qualitative rather than quantitative.
A study of normal hair growth in the dog
Authors: GUNARATNAM PARAMESWARAN , WILKINSON G. T.
Published: April 2008

The rate of hair growth in the forehead, shoulder and flank regions of four normal‐coated, cross‐bred, male dogs maintained under the same controlled conditions of photoperiod, ambient temperature and diet, was measured during two six‐week periods, one during summer and the other in winter. It was found that the rate of hair growth varied between individual dogs and also between the different regions in the same dog. Growth rate was most rapid in the shoulder region, followed by the flank and then the forehead regions, and was slightly more rapid in the shoulder and flank regions of three of the dogs during summer than in winter. Possible explanations for these variations in hair growth rate are discussed.
Galvanic corrosion due to stainless steel implants of differing composition in a dog
Authors: BREARLEY M. J. , HOULTON J. E. F.
Published: April 2008

The occurrence of galvanic corrosion between a broken stainless steel drill bit and an adjacent stainless steel screw is described. These apparently similar metals are shown by metallurgical analysis to be significantly different and to be capable of inducing electrolysis.
Successful treatment of four cases of feline cryptococcosis
Authors: WILKINSON G. T. , BATE MARY J. , ROBINS G. M. , CROKER ANABELLE
Published: April 2008

Four cases of feline cryptococcosis, with lesions mainly confined to the nasal passages and skin, were treated orally with the antifungal agent, 5‐fluorocytosine, augmented in two cases by intradermal injections of an autogeneous vaccine. The cats were all Siamese. Treatment was successful although one cat showed recurrence of skin lesions when 5‐fluorocytosine therapy was discontinued, but the condition cleared after a further course of the agent. No untoward side‐effects were observed.
Diagnosis of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency by the assay of serum trypsin‐like immunoreactivity
Authors: WILLIAMS DAVID A. , BATT ROGER M.
Published: April 2008

A radioimmunoassay for canine serum trypsin‐like immunoreactivity (TLI) has been developed and evaluated for use in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). The maximum fasting TLI concentration in 14 dogs with EPI was 1.8 μg/l, compared with a minimum value of 7.0 μg/l in a control group of 75 dogs. The measurement of serum TLI therefore provides a sensitive test for the diagnosis of EPI in the dog.
Rhinitis and virus antibody titres in chelonians
Authors: JACKSON OLIPHANT F. , NEEDHAM J. R.
Published: April 2008

The problem of rhinitis in the two Mediterranean chelonians, Testudo graeca and T. hermanni was investigated. The results of the bacteriological examination of nasal swabs from cases of rhinitis were inconclusive. Serological tests were carried out using Sendai virus and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) antigen on serum from 34 chelonians, seven of which were showing signs of rhinitis. The incidence of significantly high titres against Sendai virus indicated that an infection with a Sendai‐like virus occurs in chelonians.
An unusual chronic keratoconjunctivitis in the cat
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C. , COTCHIN E.
Published: April 2008

The clinical features and treatment of an unusual type of chronic keratoconjunctivitis occurring specifically in the domestic cat are described in a series of five patients. The disease is characterized by the appearance of distinctive plaques of chronic inflammatory tissue on the corneal and conjunctival surfaces. Corneal biopsy material from two of the patients demonstrated the presence of an unidentified eosinophilic deposit within the anterior corneal stroma and epithelium. Although treatment may include keratectomy, cure is perhaps most easily affected using megestrol acetate therapy.
Thoracic empyema in the dog; a report of twenty‐two cases
Authors: ROBERTSON SHEILAH A. , STODDART MARGARET E. , EVANS R. J. , GASKELL C. J. , GIBBS CHRISTINE
Published: April 2008

The clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of 22 cases of canine empyema are reported. Relevant presenting signs were tachypnoea or dyspnoea with pyrexia of variable duration, usually with a history of transient response to antibiotic therapy. Diagnosis was made by radiographic demonstration of free pleural fluid followed by bacterial examination of thoracic aspirates. Treatment consisted of parenteral administration of antibiotics accompanied, in most cases, by removal of the exudate either by aspiration, drainage through an indwelling cannula or thoracotomy. Sixteen dogs recovered from the initial illness. Two of these were destroyed within four months as a result of recurrence and the remaining fourteen survived in good health for follow up periods between six months and seven years after treatment.
Urinary bladder neoplasia in the dog; a review of seventy cases
Authors: BURNIE ANDREW G. , WEAVER A. DAVID
Published: April 2008

The history, presenting signs, clinical and histopathological diagnosis, and outcome of seventy cases of urinary bladder neoplasia in the dog are described. Sixty‐two cases had primary tumours, 44 being transitional cell carcinomas and none survived post‐operatively for more than a few weeks. Several cases of papillomas were incidental findings at cystotomy for calculi. Factors in the poor prognosis included metastases, progressive uraemia associated with mechanical obstruction of the bladder neck or ureters due to site and size of the lesions and increasingly severe urinary tenesmus and haematuria.
Globoid cell leucodystrophy in a Basset hound
Authors: LUTTGEN P. J. , BRAUND K. G. , STORTS R. W.
Published: April 2008

A purebred four‐year‐old male Basset hound was presented to the Auburn University Small Animal Clinic in a paraparetic condition. Ante‐mortem examination and testing did not provide a definitive diagnosis. A diagnosis of globoid cell leucodystrophy was made pathologically.
Condylar fractures of the humerus in the dog; a review of 133 cases
Authors: DENNY H. R.
Published: April 2008

Case histories have been reviewed of 133 dogs with condylar fractures of the humerus. The fractures were divided into three types: lateral condylar, medial condylar and intercondylar. For each type the breed and age prevalence, the cause of fracture, the method of fixation and the results of treatment have been recorded.
Displacement of the glosso‐epiglottic mucosa in canine asphyxiate disease
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C.
Published: April 2008

Partial but extensive obstruction of the anterior laryngeal airway by displaced folds of glosso‐epiglottic mucosa can occur in dogs with chronic inspiratory dyspnoea, the effect being to further impair inspiration. Its occurrence in the brachycephalic types and the Chow Chow, its diagnosis and its surgical correction are described in this paper, together with some discussion of the condition as a contributory factor to laryngeal collapse in the canine species and its similarity to epiglottic entrapment in the horse.
Anaemia in a litter of Siamese kittens
Authors: FISHER E. W. , TOTH SARAH , COLLIER W. O.
Published: April 2008

Anaemias sufficiently severe to produce haemic cardiac murmurs were detected in four out of a litter of five Siamese kittens at 9 weeks of age. From the measurement of the haematologal parameters and examination of blood films, the anaemias were classified as iron deficiency complicated by haemobartonellosis. After two weeks, the murmurs disappeared and the anaemias were resolving but H. felis were still present in blood smears albeit in smaller numbers. Since the dam also had H. felis and there were no external parasites it is presumed that transmission occurred either transplacentally or via the milk.
Pituitary tumour causing neurological and endocrine disturbances in a dog
Authors: ALLISON R. M. M. , WATSON A. D. J. , CHURCH D. B.
Published: April 2008

A seven‐year‐old Labrador Retriever with behavioural change, mental depression, lethargy, abdominal enlargement and small testes was found to have bilateral adrenal hyperplasia secondary to an ACTH‐secreting pituitary tumour which encroached on the hypothalamus and thalamus. Additional hormonal abnormalities detected were hypothyroidism, deficiencies of gonadotrophins and testosterone, and impaired growth hormone response to insulin infusion.
Periparturient immunosuppression in the bitch and its influence on infection with Toxocara canis
Authors: LLOYD S. , AMERASINGHE P. H. , SOULSBY E. J. L.
Published: April 2008

Pregnancy and lactation in dogs induced a marked suppression of their immunological responsiveness as judged by in vitro phytomitogen‐ and Toxocara canis antigen‐induced lymphocyte transformation. In addition, the eosinophilia otherwise seen following infection with T. canis was suppressed during the periparturient period. Coincidental with this periparturient immunosuppression was the occurrence of heavy infections with T. canis in the intestine of lactating bitches and the establishment of such infections perhaps may be related to the suppressed immune reactivity observed. These infections in the bitch appeared to be acquired primarily through the ingestion of immature stages of T. canis passed in the faeces of their puppies. The results demonstrate that the lactating bitch can be a major source of contamination of the environment with eggs of T. canis.
Meningeal sarcoma mimicking a sciatic neuropathy in a dog
Authors: SHORES ANDY , KAZACOS EVELYN , PARKER A. J. , CANTWELL H. D.
Published: April 2008

A 5‐year‐old Golden Retriever presented for lameness evaluation and removal of a dynamic compression plate on the left femur exhibited neurologic signs compatible with a left sciatic peripheral neuropathy. Radiographs revealed a healed fracture of the left femur and a slightly narrowed intervertebral disc space with ventral spondylosis at T12–13. An EMG demonstrated fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves in the left hind limb muscles innervated by the peroneal nerve. Surgery was performed to remove the bone plate and explore the left sciatic nerve. The proximal 3 cm of the left peroneal nerve was surrounded by thick fibrous connective tissue and its diameter was smaller than the more distal segment. The dog's condition remained static for 4 weeks and then gradually progressed to paraparesis in 2 weeks. A neurologic examination at that time indicated a caudal lumbar spinal cord lesion and a myelogram confirmed an intradural mass at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra. The dog was destroyed and a necropsy performed. The histologic diagnosis was meningeal sarcoma.
Tracheal rupture in a cat
Authors: BROUWER GERARD J. , BURBIDGE HILARY M. , JONES D. EDWARD
Published: April 2008

A case of tracheal rupture in a cat is described, in which onset of presenting clinical signs was slow enough both to hinder diagnosis and to permit containment of leaked air within the mediastinum.
A retrospective evaluation of four surgical methods of treating canine transmissible venereal tumour
Authors: IDOWU A. L.
Published: April 2008

A total of 109 lesions were treated in a total of 109 dogs and bitches using simple surgical excision or diathermy, with or without the simultaneous removal of the gonads. Evaluation of the case, 49 months after surgery, showed that 35 (32.1 per cent) of the tumours had regressed completely whilst 74 (67.9 per cent) had recurred. Excision using diathermy was the more effective treatment irrespective of whether the gonads were removed. There was a significant difference in the frequency of recurrence and the time interval for it to recur (P < 0.05 and P < 0.25 respectively) when the methods of treatment were compared, however castration of either males or females had no significant effect upon the frequency of recurrence.
Unilateral laryngeal paralysis in a cat
Authors: WONG W. T.
Published: April 2008

A case of unilateral laryngeal paralysis in a cat is described which presented with signs of nasal discharge and dyspnoea. The condition is compared with laryngeal paralysis as seen in the horse and dog.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urethra in a dog
Authors: CLARK W. T. , SHAW S. E. , PASS D. A.
Published: April 2008

This paper describes the clinical and pathological features of a case where a rhabdomyosarcoma developed in the pelvic urethra of a 12‐month‐old German Shepherd. The literature on rhabdomyosarcoma involving the canine urinary tract is reviewed.
Osteomyelitis in the dog and cat
Authors: STEAD A. C.
Published: April 2008

Osteomyelitis was seen in 38 dogs and five cats over a 10 year period. Seventy per cent of cases occurred as a complication of orthopaedic surgery. The remainder were due to spread from infective foci elsewhere in the body. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest organism isolated from long bones. Bone infection was responsible for delayed union in 13 fractures and non‐union in four. Surgical treatment was necessary for the resolution of most cases.
Familial nephropathy in the Cocker Spaniel
Authors: STEWARD A. P. , MACDOUGALL D. F.
Published: April 2008

Eight cases of familial nephropathy in Cocker Spaniels aged between 10 and 24 months were referred to the Renal Unit of the Small Animals Centre from 1977–1982 (cases 1–8). The disease took a rapid course and progressed to a fatal outcome within 2 months of what may have been an insidious onset. Five of these cases were from litters in which at least one other dog had died with uraemia.

Autopsy material was received from twelve other young Cocker Spaniels. In four of these cases urinalysis was performed and in a further four; biochemical evidence of renal failure was obtained. The most striking pathological changes in the kidneys were found in the glomeruli.
Feline dysautonomia (the Key‐Gaskell or dilated pupil syndrome): a preliminary review
Authors: ROCHLITZ I.
Published: April 2008

Features of 46 cases of feline dysautonomia are described and the current state of knowledge of this syndrome reviewed with emphasis on practical aspects of diagnosis and management of such cases.
Primary myocardial disease of cats in Britain: pathological findings in twelve cases
Authors: Rozengurt N. , Hayward A. H. S.
Published: April 2008

The importance of cardiomyopathy as a cause of heart disease in the cat has been well‐documented in the U.S.A., but has had little attention in the British literature.

This paper records the pathological changes in 12 cats which were identified as cases of feline primary myocardial disease. The main lesions were dilatation of ventricles or atria, and degeneration and fibrosis in the myocardium. Of the 12 cats, three had been diagnosed as having iliac thromboembolism, shown on autopsy to be secondary to cardiomyopathy and atrial thrombosis. In the other cats signs were often vague, cardiac disease had not been suspected and varied clinical and symptomatic diagnoses had been considered.
Intra‐canalicular gelatin implants in lacrimal punctum surgery
Authors: STARTUP F. G.
Published: April 2008

Implants of gelatin rods into the lacrimal canaliculus have been used in the human as a means of assessing the advantages of permanent punctum occlusion in cases of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Their use in the dog is suggested in similar circumstances but more especially following surgery of the puncta and canaliculi where haemorrhage might produce further post‐operative occlusion.