bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spectrum of Dysthymia and Depression
Authors: Thase Michael E , Lang Susan S
Published: October 2023

Before we look at the causes of dysthymia and how to relieve a chronic blue mood, let’s first see what good mental health looks like and then look at the spectrum of depression—from minor depression to dysthymia and major depression. Feeling Good and Mental Health If you are mentally healthy and well balanced, on most days you feel pretty good. You’re more often in a good mood than not, have a sense of well-being, and feel pretty much in control of life. You’re generally productive, enjoy fulfilling relationships with others, and are somewhat resilient when life smacks you in the face with a loss or setback. You’re relatively confident and competent, and pursue various interests with a sense of purpose.
Who Gets Dysthymia and Why: Causes and Risk Factors
Authors: Thase Michael E , Lang Susan S
Published: October 2023

What exactly causes dysthymia? What makes one person resilient and another vulnerable? Although you can’t do anything about some of the causes and risk factors, you certainly can do a lot about others, particularly monitoring self-talk and “automatic” thoughts that put you in bad and discouraging moods (chapter 5). But that’s getting ahead of ourselves. First, we’ll explore specific causes of dysthymia and factors that make you especially vulnerable. Causes of Dysthymia There is no simple, single reason why some people develop persistent depression and others don’t. Dysthymia is caused by a variety of genetic, biological, psychosocial, and circumstantial factors. Although each person’s profile of risk factors is unique, dysthymia can be thought of as a biopsychosocial disorder, like other forms of depression.
Dysthymia and Aging
Authors: Thase Michael E , Lang Susan S
Published: October 2023

Dysthymia and Depression in the Elderly Dysthymia and other forms of depression are the leading mental health problems in older adults but they are highly treatable. In fact, from one-fifth to one-third of those over 65 (depending on which survey you read) will suffer from some sort of depression, but only a fraction will get treatment for it. About one-quarter of older adults suffer from subsyndromal depression (two to three symptoms of dysthymia or depression rather than five or more, either short term or long term). About 15 percent of all older adults—twice as many women as men—suffer from dysthymia and other forms of mild depression. Some researchers, however, see the rates of dysthymia begin to balance more equally between the genders in the older population.
Staging Exclusion, 1906-1909
Authors: Nym Mayhall Laura E
Published: October 2023

In the years following the South African War, a cluster of organizations emerged, creating a continuum along which militants enacted resistance. By early 1906, these militants had become known as “suffragettes” after the halfpenny mass-circulation Daily Mail derisively substituted the diminutive “ette” for “ist.” Suffragettes formed a number of organizations, including the Women’s Social and Political Union (1903), the Women’s Freedom League (1907), the Men’s Political Union (1910), and the Women’s Tax Resistance League (1909). Significant splits and regroupings would result in creation of the United Suffragists (1914), the East London Federation of Suffragettes (1914), the Suffragettes of the Women’s Social and Political Union (1915), and the Independent WSPU (1916) . Between 1906 and 1918, suffragettes refined the right of resistance to illegitimate government as a right grounded in British constitutional principles. In contrast, the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies, which in 1897 had united warring factions of the nineteenth-century movement and would become the largest suffrage organization of the Edwardian period, continued largely to confine itself to the assertion of women’s right to citizenship. Suffragettes’ assertion of resistance as a right drew upon the historically based right of the people to resist corrupt and tyrannical government and thus links the women’s suffrage movement to a long tradition of radical protest. Through the assertion of their right to resist constituted authority, suffragettes attempted to define citizenship as an active practice. Women, they urged, were fit for citizenship because they acted as citizens who would not be denied their place in the political nation.
The Ethics of Resistance, 1910-1914
Authors: Nym Mayhall Laura E
Published: October 2023

The years between 1910 and 1914 were ones of dialogue and innovation within the militant suffrage movement as suffragettes struggled among themselves to define the extent and limits of resistance. Suffragettes continued to understand resistance as a component of active citizenship, but its means of implementation came under great scrutiny. A minority escalated violence into forms of terrorism including arson and bombing, but the vast majority rejected the use of violence. In the attempt to recast militancy away from the use of violence, militants worked across organizational lines and created new groupings. Read thematically, and not merely as a roster of organizations, it is clear that resistance remained an active, if contested, component of suffragettes’ conception of citizenship well into the Great War.
Fear of Manipulation and Abuse
Authors: Robinson Paul H , Cahill Michael T
Published: October 2023

Even under the best of circumstances, the criminal-justice system is unpredictable and imperfect. Our limited knowledge of people and events being what it is, complete accuracy is an unattainable goal. This inherent imperfection is only magnified when participants in the system do not seek accurate results, but seek deliberately to exploit loopholes for the sake of victory. The wish to avoid such potential abuses is one reason commonly given for deviating from a purely desert-based system of criminal liability.
Criminal Justice Reforms
Authors: Robinson Paul H , Cahill Michael T
Published: October 2023

Several of the possible reforms we have noted concern changes to the criminal-justice system. Specifically, we said in chapter 2 that shifting the burden of persuasion is a more rational way to prevent potential abuse than the existing deviating doctrines that are justified by the abuse concern — yet the Supreme Court’s constitutional case law appears to limit the ability of a jurisdiction to pursue this option. Similarly, in chapter 6, we pointed out that a more detailed verdict system would avoid the need for some deviating doctrines and might mitigate the moral credibility damage caused by others—yet Anglo-American criminal law has traditionally forbidden almost anything but a general verdict. We also argued, in chapter 7, that the current system of incarceration could be replaced with a more nuanced system that would allow, and even facilitate, use of various non incarcerative methods of punishment. In this chapter, we offer a more thorough discussion of these proposals.
Do Something
Authors: Davidson James West
Published: October 2023

Thomas Moss was as good a friend as any Ida had in Memphis. She had gotten to know him partly because he was a letter carrier—a job coveted in the African American community, a federal position, and one that paid decently. Moss delivered the mail to the Free Speech offices, so he saw Ida almost daily. Above and beyond the letters, he reported the talk of the town, incidents in the neighborhood, any clashes with police. Ida knew him from Avery Chapel as well, where both taught Sunday school. Tommie was quiet, polite, well spoken. He and his wife Betty had asked Ida to be godmother to their young daughter Maurine.
Strategic Penetration
Authors: LeDonne John P
Published: October 2023

We now turn to the third period in our history of Russia’s grand strategy, that of the French Revolutionary wars, when the empire consolidated its hegemony in the Heartland, a hegemony it would retain until the unification of Germany in 1871. It was then that what may be called the cold war with France during much of the eighteenth century turned into an open conflict, when Napoleon challenged that hegemony and struck at the Muscovite core itself. The counteroffensive stirred Russia’s determination to resort to deep strategic penetrations once again in order to destroy French hegemony on the continent. It took the form of unprecedented offensive operations in Austria, Switzerland, Italy, and Holland, going far beyond those of 1735 and 1748, and ended with the occupation of Paris in 1814. Once French hegemony had been destroyed, the empire found itself facing a maritime British Empire claiming global hegemony, but forced to concede Russia’s hegemony in the Heartland as long as its periphery was neutralized.
The Political Awakening
Authors: Bonomi Patricia U
Published: October 2023

The relationship between the Great Awakening and the American Revolution has long been one of the nicer perplexities of early American History. That the Awakening fostered a shift in political as well as religious consciousness is frequently asserted. Yet there has been little agreement about how the revival helped to prepare the provincial mind for revolution. A recent attempt to link the retrograde Calvinism of the Awakeners to the Revolutionary impulse—rather than the more “obvious” coupling of rationalist liberals and Revolutionaries—has struck some critics as improbable.For such an argument implies not only that most revivalist clergymen became supporters of the Revolution-which they did but also that the rationalist opposers of the revival became reluctant revolutionaries or outright loyalists-which they frequently did not. Should we move beyond theological differences, however, to consider the revival’s impress on patterns of leadership and on popular participation in organized opposition to authority, we might discover a more pivotal linkage between the Awakening and the Revolution.
Prologue: Texas and the World
Authors: Wills John E
Published: October 2023

On June 17, 1527, a squadron of five ships with about six hundred men aboard set out from the port of San Lucar de Barrameda in southern Spain. The commander, Pamphilo de Narvaez, had a royal commission to “conquer and govern” lands along the north side of the Gulf of Mexico from the peninsula that now is Florida to about the Texas-Mexico border. Other Spaniards were named to lesser ofﬁces in the planned colony, and there were several Franciscan priests on board. There is no evidence that the Native American inhabitants of these lands would have any say as to who ruled them. The pope had divided the world between the Spanish and the Portuguese monarchies. Most Roman Catholics believed that the pope was God’s deputy on earth, the head of the one true church. Charles V, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, was just beginning his long years of bitter struggle against the challenges to Catholicism of Martin Luther and his followers.
Islam and a Wider World, 1450–1490
Authors: Wills John E
Published: October 2023

The Ottoman forces outnumbered the defenders at least four to one, perhaps ten to one, and were far better organized. They had brought in materials by ship and built in a few weeks a strong stone fortress at the narrowest point of the Bosporus, the key strait between Constantinople and the Black Sea. They had built a wooden slipway and moved small ships overland into an inner harbor, bypassing a great chain protecting it. Their cannon were bigger and more intelligently used than anything inside the city. Several times the cannon had shattered a piece of the great walls, but each time the defenders had managed to repair the breach, which must have given the defenders some hope that God was on their side after all. In the city, religious services and processions, with the glorious singing of the Greek Orthodox tradition and the glowing colors of the icons, the sacred images of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the saints, never stopped.
Settlers and Diasporas, 1610–1640
Authors: Wills John E
Published: October 2023

In the world of the 1500s and 1600s, most people never traveled more than 10 miles from home, or if they did they followed a set of completely familiar migration or trade routes from season to season. So people who did move, voluntarily or against their wills, to strange and distant places, often towns beside a distant sea, shaped the world in important ways. In 1650 Jamestown in what is now Virginia was the home of a variety of people from England, Scotland, and Ireland, some of whom had come with some money to try to ﬁnd a new way to get rich; the growing of tobacco was very promising.
Toward an Early Modern World, 1670–1700
Authors: Wills John E
Published: October 2023

In 1528 Cabeza de Vaca, a product of a rapidly transforming Spanish-American world, was watching the hunter-gatherers of the Texas coast, who were following one of the oldest human ways of life. By 1700 those peoples, the Karankawa and others, were almost invisible in the historical record; the diseases brought by the Spaniards had taken a dreadful toll, and some remnants were disappearing into the northern frontier of the Spanish-surname, creole society. By 1700 there were not many peoples left in the world whose lives had not been drastically changed by the web of interaction and exchange; the few who remained included the peoples of Australia and New Guinea, the Maori of New Zealand, and the peoples of Hawaii and other Paciﬁc islands.
Life On The Brink: Mr. And Mrs. Wheeler
Authors: Moller David Wendell
Published: October 2023

Upon arriving at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler for the first time, I was enthusiastically welcomed. The house was a rental property on the near east side of the city. It was located in a racially mixed area that was relatively safe despite the fact that drug sales, street prostitution, and gang activity took place nearby. Most of the streets were fairly clean, but stray animals often roamed and lived on the neighbor¬ hood porches. The exteriors of the houses ranged from moderately good condition to downright disrepair. Overall, the neighborhood was dismal and lacking in aesthetic appeal. Obviously absent were flowers, ornamental trees, well-kept lawns, and other forms of landscaping that provide beauty and order in more affluent communities. Obviously present were chain-linked fences, older model cars parked in the streets, crowded semiattached houses, small front yards, and alleys spotted with dumpsters. There was also a lack of pedestrians, children playing in the streets or yards, and other forms of community interaction. Neighbors typically seemed uninvolved in one another ‘s lives, tending to live in insular fashion without much connection to one another.
On Their Own Two Feet
Authors: Tattersall Ian
Published: October 2023

Not everyone agrees about when, exactly, the family Hominidae came into existence—that is, when the last ancestor of Homo sapiens lived that was not also the ancestor of one or more of the great apes. Partly this is because the ancient fossil record of the hominids is sparse; partly it is because what there is of that record is difficult to interpret; and partly it is because there is no precise agreement right now on how much time the molecular (DNA) differences that have so far been measured among the living hominoids (humans and the greater and lesser apes) tell us has elapsed since our lineage went its own way. Still, we have made progress. In 1950, nobody had the slightest idea in calendar terms about how far back into time the hominid family could trace its roots.
Getting Brainier
Authors: Tattersall Ian
Published: October 2023

In contrast to the richness of the African fossil record before about 1.5 million years ago, the evidence for later hominid evolution in that continent thins out considerably. This is largely for reasons of geo- logical accident, but it is also because the attentions of rather few pa- leoanthropologists have been spread out over a continent of vast size, so much of the record presumably remains unexplored. At the same time, for reasons of history as much as of their size and intrinsic importance, the Asian and European records have traditionally loomed larger in the hominid evolutionary story for the period following about 1.5 million years ago. Nonetheless, the logical place to begin our account of the phase of human evolution after the initial move out of Africa is still that continent, where a partial skull was found at the Ethiopian site of Bodo in 1976.
Modern Human Origins
Authors: Tattersall Ian
Published: October 2023

Homo sapiens is an unusual species in many ways. One of those ways concerns its intricate population history, the result of an extremely rapid initial spread combined with unparalleled sub-sequent mobility. Today, thanks to the extraordinary ecological adapt- ability conferred on it by its ability to respond technologically to the demands of new environments, H. sapiens occupies virtually every in- habitable region of the world, in huge numbers. But at times during the climatic rigors of the ice ages, the population of our species (doubtless like that of its precursors) seems to have been extremely reduced and fragmented, thus experiencing conditions ideally suited to local adaptation and evolutionary innovation.
The Pre-Islamic Turks and Their Precursors
Authors: Findley Carter Vaughn
Published: October 2023

The origins of the Turkic peoples are not well documented. Yet the Turks or their precursors already had a greater-than-regional role in Eurasian history before their name appears in historical sources. Their Inner Asian homeland also felt the impact of major historical currents originating outside it. Manifold illustrations of these points emerge from the prehistory of the Turks and from what is known about the social, economic, and political forms of the societies that preceded them. Although linguists hypothesize that proto-Turkic, of which no direct evidence survives, was spoken as early as 3000–500 B.C.E., the Turks did not indisputably appear in history until the sixth century C.E., when Chinese sources mention a people in Mongolia and southern Siberia called the Tujue (T’u-chüe), whom modern scholars identify as Turks.
Islam and Empire from the Seljuks through the Mongols
Authors: Findley Carter Vaughn
Published: October 2023

Between the tenth and fourteenth centuries, most Turks converted to Islam, thus crossing the first great civilizational divide in their history. That permitted those who so wished to move freely into the Islamic heartlands of the Middle East. There, they quickly assumed leading roles in military and political affairs. As Central Asian peoples also began to convert to Islam, some of the most important stages in the creation of a Turko-Islamic culture occurred there. This northeast ward advance of Islam continued for centuries. Mahmud al-Kashgari legitimized the Turks’ political rise with a made-up hadith, or saying of the Prophet Muhammad. In the hadith, Muhammad attributes the following statement to God: “I have an army, which I call the Turks and have settled in the East.
Family Assets and School Access: Race and Class in the Structuring of Educational Opportunity
Authors: Shapiro Thomas M , Johnson Heather Beth
Published: October 2023

In The Black-White Test Score Gap (1998), Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips argue that reducing black-white educational inequality would do more to promote racial equality than any other politically plausible strategy. Reducing racial inequality in education and, subsequently, in earnings, according to Jencks and Phillips, would go a long way toward eradicating other inequalities that flow from the educational gap. Debunking both traditional liberal and conservative arguments about innate abilities, family structure, and funding, for example, they strongly suggest that policy and research reorient to cultural and behavioral related approaches to learning. Specifically, their clarion call, which fits neatly with the current educational reform agenda, pulls attention away from highly inequitable conditions of education in the United States. While they have done an admirable job in clarifying much of this literature, and there clearly is much wisdom in their work and in what they say, in our view, the death knell for equity-based structural reform is premature.
The Thrift Savings Plan Experience: Implications for a Universal Asset Account Initiative
Authors: Rideout Elaine C
Published: October 2023

Public policies that promote asset accumulation are catching on in the United States. The leading asset-based policy approach, individual development account (IDA) programs, are now established at the federal level, via the Assets for Independence Act (AFIA), and in at least thirty-four states. The accounts are established for low-income savers who are provided with matching contributions, as well as financial education and counseling. There are currently over five hundred community IDA programs in operation with over ten thousand working poor participants, and over thirty thousand AFIA-funded accounts matured in 2003–2004 (CSD, 2000; Department of Health and Human Services, 2003). Proponents of the asset-building movement in the United States are grappling with a number of issues in an effort to make these policies universally available. A number of these issues are very similar to those faced by the nation’s now widespread capital accumulation movement, which essentially began in 1981 when the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) released rules for the establishment and implementation of 401(k) retirement savings plans. Specifically, the development and establishment of the government’s own 401(k)-style thrift savings plan (TSP) for federal employees in the mid-1980s offers asset builders a case-study-in-scale. Today, section 401(k) is probably the best-known part of the U.S. code, and the TSP has become the largest 401(k) in the country.
Inclusion in Asset Building: Directions for Theory and Research
Authors: Sherraden Michael , Scanlon Edward , Adams Deborah , Beverly Sondra G , Schreiner Mark
Published: October 2023

Our assignment in this chapter is to stand back and ask which directions for theory and research may be productive for increasing understanding of inclusion of the poor in asset building and for policy application. We begin with what we do not address very much in this chapter. The two biggest areas are policy analysis questions and political analysis questions. Regarding policy analysis, several measurement, policy content, and policy impact questions will be critical. Some of the key questions are about definition and measurement: How are assets defined and measured? What is asset poverty? Chapter 4 in this volume, by Robert Haveman and Edward Wolff, makes important contributions toward measurement and assessment of asset poverty. All such measures contain theoretical assumptions, which the authors are careful to note. In the future, new theoretical assumptions about asset poverty may lead to different types of measures. For example, it might be useful to develop measures of moving assets through time (Schreiner, 2004).
Self-PortraitsIntroduced by Roberto González Echevarría
Authors: Cervantes Miguel De
Published: October 2023

It is customary in these casebooks to include an interview with the author in question. Because this is obviously impossible with Cervantes, I thought that a reasonable substitute would be the following self-portraits he left in two of his prologues.
The Right to Health
Authors: Annas George J
Published: October 2023

Activists in South Africa succeeded in returning health as a human right to the international stage just as it was being displaced by economists who see health through the prism of a globalized economy and politicians who see it as an issue of national security or charity. The current postapartheid debate in South Africa is not about race, but about health, and in this context the court victory by AIDS activists regarding nevirapine has been termed not only “the greatest defeat for Mbeki’s government” but also the opening of “legitimate criticism” of the government “over a host of issues from land rights to the pursuit of wealth.” Using the South African nevirapine case as a centerpiece, in this chapter I explore the utility of the often misunderstood international human right to health to improve health generally.
Medical Ethics In New Zealand and Nova Scotia: Test Cases
Authors: Veatch Robert M
Published: October 2023

We are left with the chastening reflection that some of our predecessors were greater men than we are if width of interest and a higher level of culture are any guides. Perhaps they had more leisure and a better early education in an older civilization, and perhaps we can take a little comfort and excuse in the greater complexity of the medicine of our period, which, regrettably for most of us, makes it all-absorbing.
The End of Isolation: Hints of Reconvergence
Authors: Veatch Robert M
Published: October 2023

At the middle of the twentieth century, the picture was not encouraging for one who believed that any serious medical ethics required communication between those who think systematically about ethical obligations and those who think seriously about the practice of medicine. There was almost no discussion of ethics between health professionals and humanists, despite recent world events under­ lining the need for it. It is too bold to claim that all that was wrong in medical ethics can be attributed directly to the lack of interaction between humanists and health professionals, but the correlation is striking.
Introduction
Authors: Bhatt Ela R
Published: October 2023

In writing about the lives and struggles of poor, self-employed women, I have been presumptuous. I have written about women who are unlikely to read what I have written about them. Moreover, my perception is unavoidably limited by the economic and social environment to which I belong. So in all honesty, I cannot claim to speak for the women I am writing about; I can only speak for myself. And yet I have written this book because I have shared a good part of my life with these women. I have written about what I have seen and what I have learned about their struggles against poverty and prejudice. I want to talk about our interwoven lives, about how and why we join hands and what we have done, and still do, together-our hopes, actions, struggles, successes, and failures. The women have changed my life; they have inhabited it, enriched it, and shown me why life is worth living. In every possible sense, I am in their debt.
Sukhi
Authors: Bhatt Ela R
Published: October 2023

The Sukhi River is absent from most maps. For the tribal or adivasi residents of Vadodara District, whose homes and forests lie submerged by its waters, it is a major presence. If the little river is to be found on any maps, it is on those of the Gujarat Government Irrigation Department. A small dam was built on the river in 1983 to strengthen agriculture in the district and to provide more water to the large farms, villages, and towns downstream. The dam was constructed at the cost of 920 million rupees. To the inhabitants of sixteen submerged villages, the dam cost them their land, their livelihood, and their traditional way of life. There is irony in the river’s name. “Sukhi” means “happy,” but at its source in the hill ranges to the West, the little river is called “Suki,” which means “dry.” When Suki meets and marries the river Bharaj at Muthai, it becomes Sukhi. The Rathwa, Barisa, Kali, and other adivasis who have lived in the forests along its banks for centuries had plenty of water all year round; the soil was fertile and with relatively little effort they were able to grow paddy, corn, peanuts, vegetables, and other small crops for their own consumption.
Lawrence’s Götterdämmerung The Tragic Vision of Women in Love
Authors: Oates Joyce Carol
Published: October 2023

In a little-known story of Lawrence’s called the “The Christening” an elderly wreck of a man contemplates his illegitimate grandchild and attempts to lead his embarrassed and impatient household in a prayer in “the special language of fatherhood.” No one listens, no one wishes to hear. He is rambling, incoherent, bullying even in his confession and self-abnegation, yet his prayer is an extraordinary one: he implores God to shield the newborn child from the conceit of family life, from the burden of being a son with a specific father. It was his own interference with his children, his imposition of his personal will, that damaged them as human beings; and he prays that his grandson will be spared this violation of the spirit. Half-senile he insists upon his prayer though his grown-up children are present and resentful:
The First “Women in Love”
Authors: Worthen John
Published: October 2023

On 1 October 1998, Cambridge University Press published a book which should have been published more than eighty years before, in the spring of 1917. It had been finished in November 1916, sent to the author’s agent, and from there had gone to the publisher who had a contract to publish it. But the author was D. H. Lawrence, the agent J. B. Pinker, the book the first version of Women in Love, and the publisher Algernon Methuen, who, just twelve months earlier, had been roundly criticized at Bow Street Magistrates Court for publishing the book’s immediate predecessor, The Rainbow. The Magistrate, Sir John Dickinson, had then commented:
Lawrence in Another Light Women in Love and Existentialism
Authors: Humma John B
Published: October 2023

Especially when vie wed a s the response or reaction to or development away from the seemingly dead end of naturalism, existentialism, though currently out of fashion, is nonetheless among the more important literary-philosophical developments of the twentieth century. And yet, though the whole tenor of Lawrence’s thought is anti-deterministic and though he almost certainly is one of the three or four most important English-language novelists of the century, D. H. Lawrence only infrequently is considered in the context of existentialism. To be sure, for Norman Mailer, Lawrence’s greatest interest lies precisely in his existentialism. Mailer represents Lawrence’s thinking in this way: “People can win at love only when they are ready to lose everything they bring to it of ego, position, or identity—love is more stern than war—and men and women survive only if they reach the depths of their own sex down within themselves.
Violence in Women in Love
Authors: Mark Kinkead-Weekes
Published: October 2023

Lawrence is a n uncomfortable writer who often forces us to face up to ourselves in ways that we would rather avoid. This may offend what in us is sentimental, fashionable, or dishonest; and nowhere more so than in his exploration of violence. We are repelled by violence, afraid of it, yet fascinated, vicariously avid, as so many of our entertainments bear witness. But we insulate ourselves from ourselves in comforting ways. Some people argue that domestic violence is essentially a male phenomenon. Anthropologists and politicians differ about whether violence is innate or the product of conditioning, social class, or deprivation. Most of us would like to think that it can be contained by improving social organization and welfare. We suppose ourselves to be peaceable and that what we read in the newspapers is about people quite other than ourselves, if perhaps less fortunate.
Loerke’s Statuette
Authors: Bullen J B
Published: October 2023

Women in Love is unusual in Lawrence’s oeuvre in its preoccupation with sculpture. Gudrun Brangwen is a sculptress. She knows other sculptors in St. Petersburg and Munich. Hermione Roddice suggests that she teach the techniques of sculpture to Gerald Crich’s sister, Winifred, who in her turn wishes to become a sculptress. “Primitive” or tribal African carving is collected by the decadent playboy Halliday and images of this same sculpture punctuate the text at significant moments. Loerke is the most prominent practitioner in the novel and two of his pieces are singled out in the text: a factory frieze and a bronze statuette of Godiva. The first, Loerke suggests, is a celebration of the mechanical way of life; the second, a naked girl on a horse, he says is “not mechanical.” The sculptor shows Gudrun and Ursula a photograph that he carries with him, and the sight of it elicits divergent reactions from them. In Gudrun it produces “dark homage” while in Ursula it generates profound irritation.
“A Restrained, SomewhatImpersonal Novel “
Authors: Bell Michael
Published: October 2023

The recurrent p roblem raised by Sons and Lovers is whether it should be seen as the last novel of Lawrence’s apprenticeship or the first of his maturity. I put it in this way to suggest that disagreements on this novel will frequently involve differing perceptions of ‘mature’ Lawrence as much as differing judgements of the work itself. It is not my intention to rehearse the history of criticism with respect to Sons and Lovers, but its peculiar critical elusiveness and the related difficulty of placing it within Lawrence’s œuvre, are in themselves a significant clue to the reading of Lawrence more generally. It is principally in this light that I wish to reconsider what it is about Sons and Lovers that has made it such a difficult case.
Relationship and Class in Sons and Lovers
Authors: Daly Macdonald
Published: October 2023

No r eading of Sons and Lovers can neglect the explanation Lawrence himself offered for it in a letter to Edward Garnett,his literary mentor, on 19 November 1912, the day after he had sent the completed manuscript of the novel to the London publisher Duckworth, for whom Garnett was a reader. This was the fourth manuscript version of the novel (Lawrence was still referring to it as ‘Paul Morel’, after its hero, although he had first suggested ‘Sons and Lovers’ in October), and Lawrence, writing from Italy, wanted to ensure in advance of his responding to the manuscript that Garnett understood what he was trying to achieve. He also needed to reassure Garnett that the latest version addressed the older man’s criticisms of earlier drafts: ‘I want to defend it, quick. I wrote it again, pruning it and shaping it and filling it in.
Images of Women in Sons and Lovers
Authors: Storch Margaret
Published: October 2023

D.H.L awrence ‘ s response to women reflects his awareness of the fundamental power of women over men’s emotional lives1 and of strong female influence in his own society.2 This perception of female ascendancy was deepened by his close relationship with his mother and by his early contact with the women’s emancipation movement. His resentment of female domination was complicated and intensified by his relationship with Frieda Weekley. Through Frieda, he became familiar with the acceptance of matriarchal values, derived from Bachofen, of the avant-garde group die kosmische Runde.3 Through living at close quarters with Frieda’s forceful personality, his deep-seated resistance to female domination was aggravated into a particular form of taunting invective.4 He refers often to the powerful and overwhelming mother figure as the “Magna Mater. “ It is a term that he applied to Frieda with variants such as the “Queen Bee, “ and to Ursula in Women in Love. The response can also be found as the mainspring of many important relationships within his works.
Forms of Expression in Sons and Lovers
Authors: Stewart Jack
Published: October 2023

Sons and Lovers has been considered a breakthrough from the shallow aestheticism of The White Peacock and overripe Wagnerianism of The Trespasser to a “triumph of realism “ in which Lawrence mastered his own painful experience. But to take Sons and Lovers as simply “realistic “ is to neglect much of the novel’s richness—or to expand the concept of realism beyond recognizable limits. Critics who put a high premium on realism tend to identify the completion of Lawrence’s apprenticeship with the culmination of his career and to regard subsequent departures with suspicion. Graham Holderness theorizes a full range of stylistic development between the aesthetic experiment of The White Peacock and “the triumph of realism “ in Sons and Lovers, while Nancy Kushigian condenses the entire pattern of Lawrence’s early development into this one novel.
A
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein deficiency 4q22–q24 Normotriglyceridemic abetalipoproteinemia is due to mutations in the apolipoprotein B gene Most cases with this extremely rare disease have been in Eastern European (Ashkenazi) Jews, but it has been reported in other populations. Lipid malabsorption in infancy results in a deficiency of the fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and, less commonly, K. Although lipid is able to enter the intestinal mucosal epithelium, its exit is blocked. Fat-soluble vitamins cannot be normally incorporated into chylomicrons for transportation to the liver from the intestine. Steatorrhea with abdominal distension, failure to thrive, malnutrition, and spinal curvature beginning in the first few months of life are all present.
N
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

Burdon et al. isolated the NHS gene and found mutations in Australian families with this syndrome. The gene encompasses approximately 650 kb of genomic DNA, coding for a 1630 amino acid putative nuclear protein. Although orthologs were found in other vertebrates, no sequence similarity to known genes was identified. Rare; fewer than 20 families in the literature Crown-shaped dental abnormalities (screwdriver-shaped, conical, or notched), supernumerary teeth, a central incisor, position and implantation anomalies, as well as other, less common abnormalities occur. Female carriers may also have mild dental abnormalities similar to those in males.
C
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

A discussion of all the clinical and therapeutic aspects of congenital cataracts is beyond the scope of this monograph. Table 12 summarizes the gene and gene-mapping information on a number of isolated inherited cataracts. Additional information can be obtained from OMIM. Most pediatric cataracts are genetic or secondary to an intrauterine infection. Unilateral cataracts are less likely to be genetically determined. Associated systemic or ocular anomalies are often present. Systemic anomalies may include: Cataract may occur as an isolated finding or associated with other inherited ocular anomalies (Norrie disease, aniridia, colobomatous microphthalmos, microphthalmia without coloboma, or dominant or X-linked microcornea).
D
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

In some patients, distichiasis or lymphedema may occur alone. Other features are epidural spinal cysts, vertebral anomalies, and pterygium colli (webbed neck). The diagnosis is based on the physical findings and family history. Hypoplastic lymph channels can be demonstrated on lymphangiography. Although rare, epidural cysts with secondary neurologic complications should always be looked for.
F
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

Affected males have extensive deposition of glycophospholipids in blood vessels, ganglion cells, the heart, kidneys, eyes, and most tissues. Clinical sequelae include angiokeratomas in the skin and mucous membranes, paresthesias, and episodes of burning pain in the extremities. Sweating defects and dependent edema may occur. Proteinuria develops in middle life, and kidney failure is a common cause of death. Episodic severe pain in the extremities is usually the reason for initially seeking medical attention. Because the pain is rarely suspected as being caused by Fabry disease, the correct diagnosis is usually delayed until either an ophthalmologist sees the pathognomonic corneal or lens changes or kidney failure occurs.
H
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

Cavernous vascular malformations can involve any part of the central nervous system. They can be asymptomatic or cause seizures, mostly from hemorrhage, progressive or focal neurologic deficit, and headache. Intracranial hemorrhage occurs in 12% to 48% of patients. Tumors can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging studies. Because of their venous nature, they are difficult to detect angiographically. Skin lesions are the least common component and may be absent in certain families.
L
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

Many cases are sporadic. The proportion of familial cases depends on the mutation and ranges between 43% for the 11778 mutation and 78% for the 3460 mutation. Fifteen percent of families are heteroplasmic; that is, both mutant and wild-type mtDNA coexist within an individual. The level of heteroplasmy among different tissues can vary markedly. Mitochondrial DNA mutations alone are not sufficient to cause visual loss in LHON, since not all individuals harboring a pathogenic LHON mutation express the disease.
R
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

Phytanic acid, a 20-carbon branched-chain fatty acid, is excessively stored in all tissues, and its serum levels are elevated. Night blindness appears in the teens, followed by peripheral neuropathy with gradual loss of sensations, muscle atrophy, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Ataxia, nerve deafness, mental deterioration, and tetraplegia may occur. Patients may have ichthyosis. Cerebrospinal fluid protein is elevated.
S
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

This is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders. Most studies in Europe, the United States, and Canada have found an incidence of 1 in 20,000 births. In some regions, the disorder may occur as often as 1 in 10,000 births. The incidence appears to be much lower in Asian and African populations. The syndrome affects development before and after birth. It was described in three boys with poor growth, developmental delay, and a pattern of congenital malformations, including cleft palate, genital malformation, and polydactyly. Other clinical abnormalities include microcephaly, low-set ears, small upturned nose, webbing between the second and third toes, abnormal palmar creases (usually single), ambiguous male genitalia with hypospadias and undescended testicles, cataracts, blepharoptosis, heart defects, micrognathia, pyloric stenosis, short thumbs, and Hirschsprung disease.
T
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

Deficient activity of the enzyme hexosaminidase A leads to the accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in ganglion cells of the brain and retina, with subsequent cell destruction, demyelination, and reactive gliosis. The gene is common in the Jewish population of eastern European origin. The carrier rate among the Jewish population of New York was estimated as 1 in 30 in 1964 versus 1 in 300 among non-Jews. The disease occurs in all ethnic groups. Consanguinity is significantly higher among non-Jewish parents of affected children.The affected child may be slow to achieve normal milestones in the first year of life. Sounds frequently cause an exaggerated startle response. There is a delayed ability to sit unassisted, and listless behavior and poor head control are seen. Seizures are common in the first year of life. Neurologic deterioration is rapid and leads to paralysis, deafness, and blindness by age 3 to During the end stage of the disease, cranial measurements may progressively increase and precocious puberty may develop because of hyperpituitarism.
X
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

During the past two decades, our understanding of the molecular genetics of inherited eye diseases, their classification, and management has undergone a huge expansion as the field of human genetics has benefited from technological advances and increased interest by physicians and scientists in all fields. As a result, the amount of clinical and basic-science information on inherited systemic and eye diseases has become so large that general ophthalmologists, ophthalmic subspecialists, and physicians in other fields have found it difficult to keep up. This volume will act as a guide because it catalogues all the latest information about genetic diseases that involve the eye and presents it in a practical and accessible format. After an introductory chapter that reviews basic clinical and molecular-genetic principles, individual diseases and groups of diseases are listed alphabetically in order to make it as easy as possible to search for an entry. The material in each entry is a synthesis of numerous articles and reviews on the topic, accompanied by at least one high-quality illustration, at least one webpage of a patient support group or other organization related to the disease, and references that provide the original description of the disease, an excellent review, or useful illustrations. There is also a companion website containing electronic copies of all the illustrations to make it easy to use them in lectures. Health-care professionals who need immediate access to clinical and basic-science information on inherited systemic and eye diseases will find this volume indispensable.
Z
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I
Published: October 2023

involved in oxidative reactions that use molecular oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide. The peroxisomopathies can be divided into two major groups: one of peroxisomal biogenesis and one of individual peroxisomal enzyme defects (see Table 25). Zellweger syndrome belongs in the former category. The major features of the syndrome include a characteristic facial appearance, deformations of the extremities and joints, abnormal cartilage calcification, hypotonia, seizures, profound psychomotor retardation, hepatomegaly, hepatic fibrosis, and renal cortical cysts.
Central Nervous System Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines, Related Drugs, and Caffeine
Authors: Winger Gail , Woods James H , Hofmann Frederick G
Published: October 2023

Central nervous system stimulants are so called because, in contrast to opioids and CNS depressants, stimulants produce heightened awareness, decreased sleep and appetite, and increased locomotor activity. When lethal doses are ingested, death is likely to be due to cardiovascular complications or convulsions rather than to direct depression of respiration.
The Historical Context
Authors: Anaya S James
Published: October 2023

Like all systems of law, international law is the product of historical as well as modern elements. International law especially is rooted in jurisprudential strains originating in classical Western legal thought, although today it is increasingly influenced by non-Western actors and perspectives. The subject of indigenous peoples is not new to this genre of law but has figured with varying degrees of prominence in the legal discourse and practice related to international law’s evolution over centuries. Discussions of indigenous peoples have appeared frequently in major treatises and published lectures contributing to the development of international law since the dawn of systemic European encroachment on distant lands half a millennium ago. This chapter discusses the historical threads of legal thought and official behavior that relate to the development of international law prior to the middle part of the twentieth century. It is not intended as a comprehensive history of international law and its treatment of indigenous peoples but is, rather, an effort to provide a contextual backdrop for assessing international law as it concerns today’s indigenous peoples, the principal focus of this book.
Common Sense and Paine’s Republicanism
Authors: Foner Eric
Published: October 2023

Thomas Paine arrived in Philadelphia on November 30, 1774. Political change was in the air; it dominated discussion in the city’s taverns and coffee houses, homes and workshops. Already, the port of Boston had been closed as punishment for the Boston Tea Party of December 1773 and the First Continental Congress had assembled in Philadelphia in the fall of 1774, composed of “the ablest and wealthiest men in America.”