bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rewriting History of the Marginalized Voices in Peter Carey’s Oscar and Lucinda
Authors: Air Gagan Singh
Published: February 2025

This article examines the exclusions inherent in official Australian history as addressed by Peter Carey in his novel Oscar and Lucinda. Drawing on Edward Said’s Orientalism and Gayatri Spivak’s theory of the subaltern, the study critiques the colonial narratives that marginalize aboriginal people, transported convicts, and women. These groups, often silenced in historical accounts, are reimagined in Carey’s historiographical revision, which endeavors to construct a more inclusive history that amplifies the voices of the oppressed. Through a qualitative methodology and an interpretative framework informed by Linda Hutcheon’s A Poetics of Postmodernism, the analysis situates the novel as a critique of the dominant colonial discourse. Carey’s narrative interrogates the mechanisms of historical erasure by highlighting the contributions and sufferings of marginalized groups, particularly the violence endured by aboriginal peoples and the systemic oppression of women. The novel critiques the colonial framework that perpetuates domination and exclusion while re-centering those traditionally relegated to the margins. Themes such as cultural destruction, patriarchal control, and the alienation faced by marginalized groups are explored through the lives of the protagonists, Oscar and Lucinda, who embody the intersection of these struggles. Carey’s work positions aboriginal people and convicts not merely as historical subjects but as integral witnesses to and agents in Australia’s interconnected history. By weaving their voices into the narrative, the novel challenges the authority of official histories and offers a more nuanced and ambivalent perspective on the colonial past. Ultimately, Oscar and Lucinda critiques the orientalist and patriarchal underpinnings of Australian historiography while advocating for a reimagined historical consciousness that acknowledges and integrates subaltern voices.
Contextual Education and Curriculum for Local Resource Utilization
Authors: Shahi Bhakta Bahadur , Parajuli Tirtha Raj
Published: February 2025

To rationalize the need of locally formulated curricula and its implementation aspect is the main concern of this study. It was conducted in Chandragiri municipality of Kathmandu valley. Study had examined locally accessible resources at municipal areas by exploring link between local curriculum policies and school  practices, it seeks to externalize indigenous knowledge, skills and resources to face the real-life situations. Lack of traditional knowledge and skills in formal school curriculum and draws attention to a notable disconnect between existing  curricula, the particular context, community needs and the rationale of local curriculum. To implement purposive sampling phenomenological design was linked up. As primary data source four community schools were sampled. Data were collected through face-to face interview with head teachers, subject teachers of the sampled area of that municipality. The result is the necessity to incorporate contextual resources into education system by exposing a disconnect between formal education and the community needs. The study draw conclusion that in order to preserve indigenous knowledge, skills, resources and promote community independent development, school curricula need to be interlinked with contextually available resources to fulfill the gap between the day-to-day needs of community people and prepare for real life situation for the future.
Assessing Teachers’ Cognition on the Concepts and Practices of Inclusive Classroom
Authors: Bhandari Manoj , Parakram Shah Umanga Jung
Published: February 2025

This article explores teachers’ cognition on inclusive classrooms and examines their levels of knowledge. The data for the study were collected from 170 participants, representing different regions, educational levels, and areas of expertise. The research examined demographic distribution, training experiences, and views on inclusive education concepts and practices. Data from 170 participants show that 63.6% had received basic inclusive education training, but only 18.3% perceived inclusion as meeting all student needs, highlighting substantial gaps in understanding. Confidence in implementing inclusive practices was minimal, with only 2.9% expressing “very confident”. Barriers such as inadequate administrative support (38.2%) and lack of resources (35.3%) were major barriers. Despite these concerns, 74.1% of teachers agreed with the benefits of inclusive education, indicating its widespread acceptance. The results support the idea that trained teachers are better able to handle diverse classrooms. The article highlights the need for improved professional development, systematic support, and resource distribution to bridge knowledge gaps and increase confidence to promote successful inclusive practices.
नेपाली व्याकरण परम्परामा वीरेन्द्र केसरीको व्याकरण, चन्द्रिका र उत्तरवर्ती विकास
Authors: अधिकारी हेमाङ्ग  राज
Published: February 2025

यस लेखमा स्वदेशी नेपाली व्याकरणकारका प्रमुख व्याकरणमा देखिएका विभिन्न धारहरुको ऐतिहासिक दृष्टिले चर्चा गर्ने उद्देश्य राखिएको छ । त्यसैले यो अध्ययन मुख्यतः पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनमा आधारित छ । यसमा उपलब्ध अभिलेख तथा कृतिहरुको पुनरावलोकन र व्याकरणगत तथ्यहरुको ऐतिहासिक तथा तुलनात्मक समीक्षा विधि अँगालिएको छ । साथै यस लेखकको नेपाली भाषा तथा व्याकरण सम्बन्धी लामो अध्ययन, अनुसन्धान र व्याकरण लेखनको अनुभवजन्य प्रतिविम्बनले समेत विश्लेषणलाई सघाएको छ । नेपाली व्याकरणको पहिलो चरण अङ्ग्रेजी व्याकरणको परम्परागत ढाँचामा विदेशी विद्वान्हरुको प्रयासबाट अगाडि बढेको देखिन्छ । यो व्रmम सन् १८२० मा जे.ए.एटनबाट सुरु भएको हो तर यस लेखमा स्वदेशी नेपाली मातृभाषी व्याकरणकारहरुले लेखेका व्याकरण सम्बन्धी चिन्तनलाई विशेष महत्त्वका साथ उठान गर्ने प्रयास भएको छ । यस दृष्टिले हेर्दा नेपाली व्याकरण लेखनको दोस्रो चरणमा पर्ने स्वदेशी विद्वान्हरुमा वीरेन्द्र केसरी अज्र्याल र जयपृथ्वी बहादुर सिंह उल्लेख्य छन् । परम्परागत संस्कृत व्याकरणको धार अन्तर्गत यिनले व्याकरण लेखेको देखिन्छ । तेस्रो चरणमा अङ्ग्रेजी र संस्कृतको परम्परागत मिश्रित धार देखिन्छ । यस्तो मिश्रित धारका व्याकरणहरुमा चन्द्रिका, मध्यचन्द्रिका र सो ढाँचामा लेखिएका उत्तरवर्ती व्याकरण पर्दछन् । चौथो चरणमा आधुनिक भाषा वैज्ञानिक धार अन्तर्गत व्याकरण लेखनको प्रारम्भ भएको देखिन्छ । यस्तो धारको उठान मोहनराज शर्माको शब्दरचना र वर्णविन्यास (२०३६) बाट भएको हो । यसमा मुख्यतः शब्दरचना खण्डमा भाषा वैज्ञानिक पद्धतिको उपयोग गरिएको छ । वर्णविन्यास खण्डमा भने परम्परागत धारमा केही सुधार मात्र भएको देखिन्छ । यस धार अन्तर्गत लेखिएको बृहत् व्याकरण चाहिँ समसामयिक नेपाली व्याकरण (२०४९) लाई मानिन्छ । यसरी यस लेखमा वीरेन्द्र केसरीबाट अगाडि बढेको व्याकरण चिन्तन पछिल्ला चरणमा अङ्ग्रेजी र संस्कृतको परम्परागत मिश्रित धारबाट कसरी आधुनिक व्याकरणको धारमा प्रवेश ग¥यो, त्यसको पृष्ठभूमिको सविस्तार व्याख्याका साथै सम्बन्धित प्रमुख व्याकरणहरुको कालव्रmमिक तथा तुलनात्मक विवेचन प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
नेपालको वर्तमान सन्दर्भमा हिन्दु दर्शनको शैक्षणिक प्रयोग
Authors: तिमल्सेना शिव  प्रसाद
Published: February 2025

हरेक व्यक्ति कुनै न कुनै रूपमा सत्यको खोजीमा लागि रहन्छन् । उनीहरु आफ्नो आदर्श, मूल्य र उद्देश्य अनुसार विभिन्न धारणा र दृष्टिकोणहरु बनाइ रहन्छन् । यो उनीहरुको जीवन दर्शन हो । यसैले दर्शन आफ्नो जीवनलाई हेर्ने सिलसिलाबद्ध दृष्टिकोण हो । यो आध्यात्मिक वा भौतिक जुनसुकै भए पनि एकीकृत वा पूर्ण सत्यको खोजी गर्नु यसको विशेषता हो । यसै सन्दर्भमा यस लेखमा हिन्दु दर्शनको परिचय दिई यसका ६ ओटा दार्शनिक हाँगा र ती हाँगाका आधारमा यसको समग्र दार्शनिक चिन्तन प्रणालीलाई विवेचना गरिएको छ । लेखलाई गुणात्मक ढाँचामा संरचित गरिएको छ । तथ्य सङ्कलनको मुख्य स्रोत सैद्धान्तिक किसिमका पुस्तक, लेखहरु, अध्येताको निजी दृष्टिकोण र सामाजिक प्रयोग व्यवहारलाई बनाइएको छ । लेखका लागि आवश्यक सामग्री सङ्कलन पुस्तकालय पद्धतिबाट विभिन्न सन्दर्भ कृति र मौखिक स्रोतका सहायताले गरिएको छ भने तिनको सङ्गठन र प्रस्तुतीकरणका लागि वर्णनात्मक र व्याख्यात्मक विधि अपनाइएको छ । अध्ययनबाट हिन्दु दर्शनका परिप्रेक्ष्यमा यसका शैक्षणिक उयादेयताहरु पहिल्याई नेपालमा हिन्दु दर्शनको आवश्यकता र औचित्यलाई पुष्टि गरिएको छ ।
‘फूलपाती भाकेर मनकामना’ गीतको संरचनागत विश्लेषण
Authors: आले मगर कृष्णहरि
Published: February 2025

गीत, गजल, कविता साहित्यको एउटै पाटो हो । साहित्यिक कृतिमाथिको विश्लेषणले उक्त कृतिहरुको भाव, अर्थ र महत्त्व बुुझन् सहयोग पुुग्दछ । त्यसैले ‘फूलपाती भाकेर मनकामना’ गीतलाई नमुनाको रूपमा लिई संरचनागत विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन खासगरी लोकगीतको (विधातात्त्विक तथा लोकतात्त्विक) सैद्धान्तिक परिधिभित्र रही अवधारणात्मक रूपमा अध्ययन अगाडि बढाइएको छ । यसमा लोकगीतका तत्त्वहरुका आधारमा नेपालको गोरखा जिल्लाको मनकामना र तनहुँको बन्दीपुर लगायत सेरोफेरोको लोक जीवनमा प्रचलित ‘फूलपाती भाकेर मनकामना, आयो बन्दीपुर’ शीर्षकको गीत/लोकगीतको विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । गीत/लोकगीतको आफ्नो विधागत संरचना हुन्छ भने यो सोद्देश्यपूर्ण पनि हुन्छ । अन्तर्वार्ता तथा पुुस्तकालयीय विधिबाट प्राप्त तथ्यङ्कहरुलाई विश्लेषण गर्दा प्रस्तुत गीतमा जनजिब्रोका शब्दहरु प्रयोग भएको तथा लय, छन्द, अन्तराका लागि पुनरावृत्ति देखिएको छ । धार्मिक (मनकामना), आर्थिक (फुलहरु बेच्ने र किन्ने), भौगोलिक (गोरखा, तनहुँ) विशेषता जगाउने शब्दावली प्रयोग भएको पाइयो । प्रस्तुत गीत/लोकगीतमा ग्रामीण जनजीवनका सामाजिक चालचलन, संस्कार, रीतिथिति एवम् परम्परा र लोक विश्वासहरु कथ्य विषयका रूपमा आएका छन् । यससँगै मनोरञ्जन प्रदान गर्ने उद्देश्यका साथै सरल ग्रामीण जीवनको सहज जीवन भोगाइलाई प्रतिविम्बित गर्ने उद्देश्य पनि यस गीतको रहेको छ । अध्ययनबाट प्रस्तुत गीत÷लोकगीत विधातात्त्विक संरचनाका दृष्टिले मात्र नभएर ग्रामीण जनजीवनको यथार्थ एवम् स्वाभाविक अभिव्यक्तिका दृष्टिले पनि महत्त्वपूर्ण रहेको तथ्य प्राप्त भएको छ ।
माध्यमिक तहका विद्यार्थीहरुको चिठी लेखनमा मौलिकता, रचनात्मकता र भाषिक शुद्धता
Authors: खड्का मालती
Published: February 2025

शुद्धताको विशेष महत्व हुन्छ। माध्यमिक तहमा अध्ययन गर्ने विद्यार्थीहरूलाई विभिन्न सिपहरू सिकाउनु पर्ने हुन्छ, जसमध्ये लेखन सिप एक अपरिहार्य पक्ष हो। यही सिप अनुसार विद्यालयमा अध्ययन गर्ने छात्रछात्राले विभिन्न माध्यमबाट आफ्नो अभिव्यक्ति प्रस्तुत गर्छन्। कोही चिठीको माध्यमबाट, कोही बोलेर, त कोही विभिन्न सङ्केतको माध्यमबाट सञ्चार गर्छन् । यस अध्ययनमा काठमाडौँ शिक्षा क्याम्पस, सतुङ्गल र ज्ञानोदय माध्यमिक विद्यालय, बाफलमा कक्षा ११ मा अध्ययनरत ४० जना विद्यार्थी (२० छात्र र २० छात्रा) को चिठी लेखन क्षमताको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन गरिएको छ। यसका साथै विद्यार्थीहरूको मौलिकता, रचनात्मकता र भाषिक शुद्धताको पनि अध्ययन गरिएको छ । चिठी लेखन क्षमताको अध्ययनले शिक्षण विधि, पाठ्यपुस्तकको तयारी तथा शैक्षिक क्रियाकलापको सङ्गठनिक पक्षलाई सघाउ पु¥याउँछ। शिक्षण सिकाइलाई विद्यार्थी केन्द्रित बनाउन तथा शिक्षण सिकाइ क्रियाकलापमा नयाँ नयाँ पद्धतिको प्रयोग गर्न आवश्यक छ भन्ने कुरा अध्ययनले देखाएको छ। शिक्षण सिकाइ विद्यार्थीको क्षमता, रुचि, आवश्यकता तथा लगनशीलताले मात्र प्रभावकारी हुन्छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष पनि अध्ययनले निकालेको छ । यस अध्ययनले माध्यमिक तहका छात्र र छात्राहरूको चिठी लेखन क्षमताको मौलिकता, रचनात्मकता र भाषिक शुद्धताको अवस्थालाई उजागर गरेको छ। यसले शिक्षकहरूलाई विद्यार्थीको लेखन सिप विकास गर्न थप रणनीति बनाउन मद्दत पुग्ने विश्वास गरिएको छ। यसका साथै, विद्यार्थीहरूलाई आफ्नो लेखन क्षमता पहिचान गरी सुधार गर्न पनि यो अध्ययन उपयोगी हुन सक्छ ।
उच्च शिक्षा शिक्षणमा प्रविधिको प्रयोगको अवस्था
Authors: पोखरेल शारदा
Published: February 2025

नेपालमा उच्च शिक्षाको सुरुवात वि.सं. १९७५ मा त्रिचन्द्र कलेजको स्थापनासँगैै भएको मानिन्छ । बढ्दो विश्वव्यापीकरण, प्रविधिको विस्तार तथा शिक्षण सिकाइमा आएको नवीनतम् प्रविधिको प्रयोगले उच्च शिक्षामा आमूल परिवर्तन ल्याएको छ । उच्च शिक्षामा प्रविधिको प्रयोगले शिक्षण र सिकाइको तरिका मात्र परिवर्तन गरेको छैन, यसले शिक्षा प्रणालीको समग्र पहुँच तथा गुणस्तर सुधार गर्नमा समेत महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको देखिन्छ । समग्रतामा इन्टरनेट, मल्टिमिडिया, आर्टिफिसियल इन्टेलिजेन्स (AI) र क्लाउड कम्प्युटिङजस्ता प्रविधिहरुले शिक्षण विधि र विद्यार्थीको सिकाइ उपलब्धि तथा दक्षता वृद्धि बढाएको छ । यस अध्ययनको उद्देश्य उच्च शिक्षामा प्रविधिको प्रयोगको वर्तमान अवस्थाको विश्लेषण, समस्याहरुको पहिचान, निराकरणका उपायहरु तथा उच्च शिक्षामा बढ्दो प्रविधिको प्रयोग बारे गहनतम् विश्लेषण गर्नु हो । यस अध्ययनका लागि काठमाडौँ शिक्षा क्याम्पसलाई उद्देश्यपूर्ण नमूना सङ्कलन विधिबाट नमुना छनोट गरी गुणात्मक विधिको उपयोग गरेर तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यो लेख तयार गर्दा गहन अन्तरवार्ता र द्वितीय स्रोतहरुको माध्यमबाट आवश्यक तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरी तार्किक र वर्णनात्मक विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । क्याम्पसमा बढ्दो सूचना प्रविधिको प्रयोग, डिजिटल पूर्वाधारमा भएको लगानी, स्मार्ट बोर्ड र भर्चुअल शिक्षण विधिको प्रयोगले शिक्षण व्रिmयाकलापमा सहजता ल्याएको देखिन्छ । अध्ययनले शिक्षण विधिमा प्रविधिको सन्तुलित संयोजनले उच्च शिक्षालाई प्रविधिसँग जोड्न, शिक्षालाई सिपसँग जोड्न, विद्यार्थीको दक्षता अभिवृद्धि गर्न तथा रोजगारमूलक बनाउन मद्दत पुग्ने देखिन्छ । प्रविधिको उपयोगमा असमानता, डिजिटल साक्षरताको अभाव र पूर्वाधारको कमी जस्ता चुनौतीहरुको समाधान गर्न सूचना प्रविधिमैत्री शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण र सामग्रीहरुको व्यवस्थापन गर्नु पर्ने देखिन्छ ।
सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशमा भाषिक प्रयोगको अवस्था
Authors: न्यौपाने महेन्द्र , खनाल राजेन्द्र , शाही हर्कबहादुर
Published: February 2025

भाषा तथा भाषिक भेदका विविधता तथा तिनको प्रयोगावस्थाका बारेमा तथ्यपरक खोज विश्लेषण गरी तिनको संरक्षण तथा संबर्धन गर्दै संस्कृति र सामाजिक मान्यताको पनि प्रवर्धन गर्नु आवश्यक छ । प्रस्तुत लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशमा प्रयोगमा रहेका भाषाको अवस्था उल्लेख गरी वर्गीकरण गर्नु हो । परिमाणात्मक ढाँचामा तयार पारिएको यस लेखको प्रस्तुति वर्णनात्मक प्रकृतिको छ । यस लेखमा राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालयबाट भाषिक तथ्याङ्क मुख्य सामग्री बनेका छन् । त्यस्तै भाषा आयोग एवम् सम्बद्ध विभिन्न स्रोत सामग्रीबाट समेत सूचना सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुतिलाई सरल एवम् बोधगम्य बनाउन तथ्यलाई तालिका तथा चित्रमा प्रस्तुत गरी वर्णन गरिएको छ । सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशमा ७२ ओटा भाषा प्रयोगमा रहेको पाइएको छ । उक्त प्रदेशमा पाँच भाषाका वक्ता एक लाखभन्दा बढी सङ्ख्यामा रहेका छन् । दश हजारदेखि एक लाखसम्म वक्तासङ्ख्या भएका भाषाको सङ्ख्या छओटा र दश हजारभन्दा कम वक्तासङ्ख्या भएका भाषाहरू ६१ ओटा रहेका छन् । उक्त प्रदेशमा नेपालीबाहेकका अधिकांश मातृभाषी वक्ताले नेपाली भाषालाई दोस्रो भाषाका रूपमा उपयोग गर्दछन् । सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशमा ५१ भाषाहरू दोस्रो भाषाको रूपमा प्रयोग भएको पाइन्छ । उक्त प्रदेशमा प्रचलित कुल ७४ पुर्खाका भाषामध्ये डोटेली, बैतडेली, थारू, अछामी, बझाङी, नेपाली, दार्चुलेली, बाजुरेली भाषालाई पुर्खाको भाषाका रूपमा प्रयोग गर्नेहरूको सङ्ख्या एक लाखभन्दा बढी रहेको छ । सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशमा भारोपेली भाषापरिवार, चिनियाँतिब्बती भाषापरिवार र द्रबिडेली भाषापरिवार गरी तीनओटा भाषापरिवारका भाषाहरू बोलिन्छन् । यस प्रदेशमा भारोपेली भाषापरिवारका वक्ताको बाहुल्य छ । निर्दिष्ट प्रदेशका कैलाली जिल्लामा ५४ र बैतडी जिल्लामा १५ भाषा मात्र प्रयोगमा छन् । सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशका कुनै पालिकामा दुईओटा र कुनै पालिकामा ३७ ओटासम्म मातृभाषा प्रयोगमा छन् । सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश भाषिक विविधताको सङ्गम भएकाले उक्त क्षेत्रमा रहेका भाषाको संरक्षण तथा संवर्धन आवश्यक देखिन्छ ।
Hyper-Personalization For Customer Innovativeness, Customer Involvement and Adoption Intention
Authors: Alfian Rendi , Yuliana Lingga , Perkasa Didin Hikmah , Putra Muhammad Farrel Risyawal
Published: February 2025

In the context of smartphone product uptake, this study attempts to investigate how hyper-personalization can affect customer innovativeness and customer involvement. Businesses can offer features and information that are customized to each customer's tastes by using a hyper-personalization strategy, which can raise customer engagement and interest in using the product. Taking samples with 100 responders is possible using the purposeful sampling technique. Smartphone users in South Jakarta between the ages of 17 and 50 met the requirements to participate in this study. July 5–6, 2024, was the date of data gathering. Primary data sources are the source of the data. Google Form serves as an intermediary in the distribution of primary data in the form of a questionnaire. Smart PLS version 4.1.0.0 is a data processing program that may be used to analyze data using the partial least squares technique. The outcomes of the research support the first hypothesis, which holds that adopt intention is influenced by consumer innovation. The impact of consumer innovativeness on customer involvement is demonstrated by the second hypothesis. The research's managerial implications include the possibility for businesses in the smartphone sector to keep introducing innovative items to market as a result of the public's approval of new products. Consumers anticipate new products since they are accustomed to using smartphones.
Socioeconomic Factors Affecting English Language Proficiency as a Second Language A Study of Rural Students in the Hambantota District
Authors: N. T. Marasinghe
Published: February 2025

Language is a powerful weapon. However, in a developing country like Sri
Lanka, the language level of students in learning and teaching a second
language like English in school education has not reached the required level.
As a result, in this study, which identifies the factors influencing the learning
of English as a second language in the Hambantota Divisional Secretariat,
why do the majority of rural students display low or limited English
proficiency? Focuses on the study subject of what alternative tactics can be
employed in learning and enhancing English as a second language. The main
objective of this study is to propose ways for overcoming students' language
proficiency issues by examining the socioeconomic aspects that have
influenced it. The Hambantota Education Zone was chosen as the research
area. 'Convenience sampling' was utilized to gather information on the time
period. The study employed a mixed method approach, utilizing both primary
and secondary data. A performance questionnaire was distributed to 100
randomly selected students in order to collect data via questionnaire and
interviews. The descriptive statistical approaches were used to evaluate
quantitative data, while the exploratory approach was used to analyze
qualitative data. As a result, it became evident that in order to acquire a
modern language like English, it should be taught in an appealing manner,
rather than using outmoded ways. Furthermore, the English proficiency of the
children in the investigated area was relatively low. It is largely due to a lack
of practicality in both teaching and learning.
Veterinary School Instructor Knowledge of Learning Strategies
Authors: Osborn Rebecca M. , Cruz Penn Michael J. , Rhodes Matthew G.
Published: February 2025

Over a century of research has documented evidence-based approaches to learning practices that support robust, long-lasting learning. Recent work has queried whether individuals are aware of and implement such best practices in learning, predominantly focusing on self-reports of undergraduate students. Few studies have investigated instructor knowledge of evidence-based learning practices and no prior study has comprehensively surveyed knowledge of evidence-based learning practices among veterinary instructors. In the present study, we surveyed veterinary instructors’ ( N = 355) knowledge of evidence-based learning practices and also asked them to rate the value of strategies described in six learning scenarios. Instructors endorsed a number of evidence-based learning practices (e.g., spacing, creating diagrams, self-testing) but also endorsed other learning practices and principles with little or no support (e.g., learning styles). Further analyses indicated that the number of evidence-based learning practices endorsed was unrelated to the ranking or acceptance rate of the veterinary program. Results from the evaluation of learning scenarios indicated that instructors favored the evidence-based learning practice in less than half of the scenarios. Thus, instructors endorsed a mix of learning strategies with substantial empirical support and others with far less support. Based on these findings, we propose five priority areas for professional education of veterinary instructors that include strategic development of generative activities, spaced practice, sensitivity to cognitive capacity of learners, and effective self-regulated learning.
Current state of populations of useful plants of Almaty region and ways of their balanced use
Authors: Aidarbaeva D.K. , Sholpankulova G.A. , Shokanova A.Sh.
Published: February 2025

In the article the results of the study of the current state of useful plants in Almaty region are summarized. The study covered the territory of the Karasaz rural district. A modern assessment of the species diversity of the flora was given, the list of which according to the field survey data was 194 species belonging to 132 genera and 44 families. In the number of species among families Asteraceae Dumort was dominating — 33 species, Poaceae Juzz — 28 species, Fabaceae Lindl — 16 species, Labiatae Juss — 13 species, Rosaceae Juss — 11 species, Chenopodiaceae Vent — 12 species, Ranunculaceae Juss — 8 species, Liliaceae Juss — 6 species, Cyperaceae Juss, Iridaceae Lindl, Papaveraceae Juss — 5 species each; Brassicaceae Juss — 4 species, Cynomoriaceae Engl and Plantaginaceae Lindl — 3 species each, other 19 species were dominant according to vegetation cover. Distribution of more than 26 species of medicinal and 56 species of fodder plants were revealed. The predominant life form was represented by perennials — 172 species, of which long-growing perennial grasses made up — 148 species, shrubs — 14 species, semi-shrubs — 3 species each, shrubs and trees — 2 species each. The vast number of species is eaten by cattle and often mowed for hay, so a complete inventory and assessment of the current state of useful plants, development of recommendations for the conservation and restoration of their natural populations is relevant to the present day.
Қара жемісті шетен(Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott.) өсімдігінің экспланттарын in vitro культурасына енгізу
Authors: Смағали А. , Сапарбаева Н.А.
Published: February 2025

Мақалада қара жемісті шетен (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott.) өсімдігін in vitro культурасынаенгізудің нəтижелері берілген. Микроклонды көбейтудің биотехнологиялық регламентын жасауданегіз болатын (Aronia melanocarpa.) өсімдігінің тұқымдары Қазақстанның Бас ботаникалық бағынан алынды. Ылғал перлитте тұқымдарды өсіру жəне 50 % тіршілікке қабілетті өркендерді алуға мүмкіндік беретін7 мин бойы0,1 % HgCl2 ерiтiндiсiнде өскіндердің апекстерін залалсыздандыру жағдайлары таңдалды. Өсімдік материалын in vitro культурасында 523 арнайы ортасында эндофитт инфекцияға тексеру арқылы100 % асептикалық материал алынды. (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott.) өсімдігінің үлгiсiнен жасалған in vitro асептикалық коллекциясы микроклонды көбейту үшін, сондай-ак элиталы телiмбақтарды отырғызуда жəне генетикалық ресурстармен алмасуда колданылады. Зерттеулер нəтижесінде қара жемісті шетен (Aronia melanocarpa) өсімдігінің жасыл өркендерді залалсыздандыру үшін екі сатылы өңдеу жүргізілді. Бірінші сатыда залалсыздандырушы агент ретінде70 % этил спирті, екінші сатыда3 % судың асқын тотығы пайдаланылды. Сонымен, aсептикалық таза өскіндерді алу мақсатымен қара жемісті шетенді (Aronia melanocarpa) in vitro культурасына енгізу үшін залалсыздандырудың екі сатыдан тұратын екі түрлі тəсілі қолданылды.
овременное состояние популяции лещины обыкновенной (Corylus avellanaL.) в Казахстане
Authors: Кушнаренко С.В. , Ромаданова Н.В. , Огарь Н.П. , Аралбаева М.М. , Верзилов М.А.
Published: February 2025

В Казахстане лещина обыкновенная, или лесной орех (Corylus avellana L.), является редким видом изанесена в Красную книгу. Проведено обследование единственной в Казахстане популяции Corylus avellana L. на территории Государственного ботанического заказника «Дубрава» в Западно-Казахстанской области. Для морфологического описания кустарников и плодов использованы дескрипторы, рекомендованные продовольственной и сельскохозяйственной организацией ООН(Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (ФАО). Анализ 60 растений лещины обыкновенной показал неудовлетворительное состояние вида. У большинства исследованных образцов(68,3 %) отсутствовало плодоношение, у31,7 % — были выявлены лишь единичные орехи. Зафиксирована высокая степень поражения вредителями и болезнями листьев и плодов лещины обыкновенной. Вызывает особую озабоченность тот факт, что в популяции практически полностью отсутствует естественное семенное возобновление. Выявлено, что значительную угрозу для популяции лещины обыкновенной представляют чужеродные инвазивные виды— ясень американский (Fraxinus americana) и клен ясенелистный (Acer negundo). Собранный растительный материал лесного ореха будет сохранен на основе использования биотехнологических методов в культуре in vitro и криогенном банке.
Increase in morphofunctional indicators for girls aged 7–17 living in the northern and southern regions of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kabieva S.Zh. , Mukatayeva Zh.M. , Akhmetova A.A.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of growth of morphofunctional indices of modern schoolgirls of 7–17 years old in Pavlodar and Kyzylorda. The results of the study of suchanthropometric parameters as body length, body weight (BL, BW) and chest circumference (CC), wrist strength (WS), amount of reserve fat and active body weight of schoolgirls and their increase in the age range from 7 to 17 years are presented. In the article the growth of blood circulation system indicators such as heartrate (HR), systolic blood volume (SBV), minute blood volume (MBV) in girls of 7–17 years old in Pavlodar and Kyzylorda after a standard load of 12 kg/min relative to the resting state (in %). It was found out that in ontogenesis from 7 to 17 years of age anthropometric and functional indicators of physical development of all examined schoolgirls significantly increased. It was noted that there are significant differences in many ages between peers living in Pavlodar and Kyzylorda. Thus, the values of BW, CC, wrist strength, active body weight are lower in schoolgirls from Kyzylorda than from Pavlodar, while BL is higher in girls from Kyzylorda aged 14–17 years. The data obtained testify to the regional peculiarities of schoolgirls' development and determine the need to continue monitoring studies and observations of changes in the condition of schoolgirls in these regions.
Определение солеустойчивости риса посевного (Oryza sativa) в условиях орошаемого земледелия Алматинской области
Authors: Бахтаулова А.С. , Жакупжанова М.Ф. , Камбаров А. , Янига M.
Published: February 2025

В статье изложены результаты оценки сортов риса посевного (Oryza sativa) казахстанской, российской и иранской селекции на разнокачественную солеустойчивость лабораторным методом. Приведены различия между сортами по посевным качествам: лабораторной всхожести, чистоте семян, массе 1000 зерен и показателям лабораторной солеустойчивости семян: по количеству проросших семян, длине и массе корней в зависимости от типа засоления (сульфатное, хлоридное, содовое). По посевным качествам наиболее высокими показателями характеризуется сорт иранской селекции Таромхошеми. При высоких концентрациях солей семена исследуемых сортов риса посевного не проросли при хлоридном засолении при концентрации более 0,7–1,3 г/л, при сульфатном — более1,0 г/л, при содовом — более 2,5 г/л. На основании проведенных лабораторных исследований установлено, что более высокой солеустойчивостью при хлоридном и содовом засолениях отличается сорт «Таромхошеми»; при сульфатном засолении — сорт «Заря», и сформулированы рекомендации по выращиванию сортов разной селекции для удовлетворения потребностей внутреннего зернового рынка и экспорта риса.
Оценка ресурсов лекарственных растений в лесах Казахстанской части Алтая и их экологическое состояние
Authors: Айдарханова Г.С. , Новак А.П. , Имашева Б.С. , Ташев A.
Published: February 2025

В статье представлены результаты полевых и лабораторных исследований лекарственных растений в лесах Казахстанской части Алтая. Учетные площадки были заложены в горных лесах в регионах Во-сточно-Казахстанской области. Общепринятыми методами проведена оценка ресурсов, экологического состояния лекарственных растений, интенсивно заготавливаемых в регионе. Исследованиями установ-лено, что наибольшим спросом среди заготовителей пользуются 9 видов широко распространенных и легкодоступных растений: Origanum vulgare L., Hypericum perforatum L., Achillea millefolium L., Tanacetum vulgare L., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch., Inula helenium L., Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin, Hedysarum austrosibiricum L. Биологический запас изученных видов находится в диапазоне 1,94–14,64 ц/га, хозяйственный запас варьирует в пределах 1,65–10,98 ц/га. Концентрации тяжелых металлов в образцах фитосырья характеризуются по Pb в пре-делах 0,0023–0,042 мг/кг, по As — 0,0016–0,019 мг/кг, по Cd — 0,0016–0,040 мг/кг, по Cu — 2,4–4,84 мг/кг, по Zn — 7,6–9,3 мг/кг, по Mn — 30,7–36,1 мг/кг.Наиболее важный вывод, установленный в ходе проведенных исследований, заключается в том, что всеизученные пробы соответствуют требованиям нормативных документов по критерию экологической безопасности. Также исследования материалов лесных ресурсов в области экологической безопасностипозволяют рекомендовать их использование в хозяйственных целях и заготовку в промышленных объемах.
Комбинированное воздействие электромагнитных полей и промышленных ядов на состояние здоровья работников энергетического предприятия
Authors: Гребенева О.В. , Рыбалкина Д.Х. , Шадетова А.Ж. , Жанбасинова Н.М. , Дробченко Е.А.
Published: February 2025

В статье представлены результаты изучения влияния промышленных ядов и низкочастотных электромагнитных полей на здоровье водителей транспорта и специальноготранспорта, работающих в АО «KEGOC». Условия труда водителей характеризовались непостоянным шумом и общей вибрацией, средние значения эквивалентных уровней которых соответствовали допустимым. Водители спецтранспорта подвергались сочетанному воздействию электрических и магнитных полей промышленной частоты и газов, выделяющих при эксплуатации автотранспорта. И хотя средние уровни химических веществ в воздухе рабочей зоны не превышали санитарных нормативов, но их совместное воздействие на одни и те же органы — мишени (органы дыхания, печень, почки) определяли возрастание риска возникновения заболеваний (индекс опасности достигал уровня 65,8–70,38). Заболеваемость с временной утратой трудоспособности у водителей различных транспортных средств на исследуемом предприятии характеризовалась в наибольшей степени болезнями органов дыхания. Отношение шансов для болезней системы кровообращения составило 10,3 (95 % доверительный интервал 1,56–67,82) с высокой степенью значимости (χ2= 7,02, р< 0,05). Производственное воздействие электрических полей промышленной частоты может оказывать специфическое влияние на риск возникновения заболеваний костно-мышечной системы и травм у работников энергетического предприятия (водителей специального транспорта), а также усиливать токсические и раздражающие свойства промышленных ядов, определяя возрастание болезней системы кровообращения и глаз, что следует учитывать в будущих исследованиях.
The effect of high-altitude hypoxia on the hemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation and the red blood indices of rats
Authors: Shandaulov A.Kh. , Khamchiev K.M. , Ramazanov A.K. , Zhumadilov S.S. , Zhomartova G.Zh. , Ibraibekov Zh.G. , Elshina K.A.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the reaction of the pulmonary circulation and the state of the blood in response to the prolonged (2.5 and 10 months) stay of rats at an altitude of 3200 m above sea level (Tien Shan, Tuya-Ashu Pass). As a result of the study it was found that thesystolic pressure in the pulmonary artery increased to 60 % by the 2-month period and was increased throughout the stay in the mountains, with a constant diastolic pressure. As a result, the pulse pressure increased, which indicates an increase in the rigidity of the vessels of the pulmonary artery basin as the main cause of an increase in systolic pressure. Impedance in the lung tissue significantly increased by 30 %, which indicates the restructuring of the pulmonary vessels as an expression of a kind of «autoregulation» described by Folkov for vessels of the systemic circulation. Blood indices indicate long-lasting mechanisms of adaptation to high altitude, an increase in hemoglobin content in red blood cells. The role of erythrocytes in the conditions of the Tien Shan Highlands, apparently, is not so significant, at least in earlier periods of stay in the mountains.
Analysis of the terms of the school course of biology and formation of the concept of presentation of information for the creation of a trilingual dictionary
Authors: Ishmuratova M.Yu. , Kalizhanova A.N. , Maryshkina T.V. , Dyke G. , Tleukenova S.U.
Published: February 2025

The article presents the results of the analysis of the terms of the school course of biology with the formation of a paper and electronic version of the trilingual dictionary. The scope of terms used in the school course of biology taking into account inter-disciplines connections, which amounted to 2,135 units, has been determined. Biological terms made 2106 titles for the Russian version of the dictionary, 2159 for English and 1890 for Kazakh. It is determined that 304 terms relate to botany section; to zoology section are 467 terms; to cytology section — 67 terms; to genetics section — 151 terms; to anatomy and physiology section — 322 terms; to molecular biology section — 93 terms; to biotechnology section — 37 terms, 455 terms do not refer to any particular field of school biology course. Biological terms are ranked by frequency of use, consonance of pronunciation in the state, Russian and English languages, broken down by the main sections including botany, zoology, anatomy, physiology, ecology, genetics, biotechnology, molecular biology and evolutionary teaching. The main micro- and macro-composition components of the dictionary entry and dictionary parameters are defined. A set of tertiary dictionaries on biology and an electronic version have been published.
Повышение семенной всхожести аллохрузы качимовидной (Allochrusa gypsophiloides) методом криоконсервации
Authors: Мурсалиева В.К. , Иманбаева А.А.
Published: February 2025

Представлены результаты оценки лабораторной всхожести семян аллохрузы качимовидной (Allochrusa gypsophiloides) в зависимости от условий их хранения в комбинации с обработкой гибберелловой кислотой. Выявлено, что контрольные семена характеризуются длительным периодом дозревания и скачкообразным характером прорастания в ходе хранения в обычных комнатных условиях. Установлено, что криоконсервация ускоряет дозревание семян, способствует синхронизации процесса прорастания и более дружному появлению всходов за более  короткий период. При этом отмечается динамика всхожести депонированных семян без резких колебаний, и энергия прорастания сохраняется на одном уровне в течение всего срока хранения. Стимулирующий эффект гибберелловой кислоты на прорастание контрольных семян зависит от сроков хранения, и максимальный эффект(300 % к воде) отмечается на 7-й месяц, который к концу срока понижается до 215 %. Депонированные семена методом криоконсервации на протяжении всего срока хранения реагируют на индуцирующее действие ГК с максимальным показателем всхожести семян 246 % к концу срока хранения. На основании проведенных исследований авторами предложен способ, включающий этап криоконсервации и последующую предпосевную обработку семян ГК, который позволяет повысить семенную всхожесть ТМК и сохранить гермоплазму эндемичного вида без потери продуктивности семян.
Дəрілік мия түрлері тұқымдарының биологиялық өсу ерекшеліктері
Authors: Мусрат А. , Ерекеева С.Ж. , Арысбаева Р.Б.
Published: February 2025

GlycyrrhizaL. туысының дəрілік түрлерін(Glycyrhiza glabraL., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) тұқымынан өсіріп көбейтуді зерттеу мақсатында Оңтүстік Балхаштың Іле өзені маңынан əртүрлі бұталы, көпжылдық шөптесін өсімдіктер ассоциясынан жиналған тұқымдардың биометриялық көрсеткіштері өлшенді. Гетероауксиннің зертханалық тұқым өнгіштігіне əсері жəне қолайлы температурасы анықталды. Алынған мəліметтерге негізделе отырып, гетероауксиннің 15 % концентрациясы мен30–33 ºC температура тұқым  өнгіштігіне ең қолайлы болатындығы, сондай-ақ бұл түрлердің тұқымдарының өнуіне бір ай уақыт жеткілікті екендігі анықталды.
Павлодар облысындағы Маралды көлі маңындағы топырақтың тұздануы
Authors: Рахымжан Ж. , Бейсенова Р.Р. , Текебаева Ж.Б. , Хусайнов М.Б.
Published: February 2025

Мақала Павлодар облысындағы Маралды көлі маңындағы топырақтың тұздылық деңгейін жəне физикалық көрсеткіштерін анықтауға арналған. Қазақстан Республикасының тұзданған жерінің жалпыауданы1,286×106 км2 , бұл əлем бойынша тұзды топырақтардың таралу көрсеткішінің жалпы ауданына шаққандағы үлесі47 %. Бұл— Қазақстан аймағындағы маңызды экологиялық проблемалардың бірі. Осы тұрғыда біздің елімізде жер бетінде кең таралған тұзды топырақ сияқты жарамсыз жерлерге деген қатты қызығушылық туындай бастады. Сондықтан, осы көл маңындағы топырақтың тұздылық деңгейі, аниондық құрамы негізінде топырақтың тұздық типі жəне оның деңгейі анықталған. Зерттеулер нəтижесіне сəйкес, Павлодар облысы Маралды көлі маңындағы топырақтың құрғақ қалдығын зерттеу нəтижесінде топырақтың тұздылығы өте жоғары екені анықталды. Зерттеген топырақ сынамасының 4 нұсқасының құрғақ қалдық мөлшерінің ең төменгі көрсеткіші 2,97 ± 0,09 жəне ең жоғары көрсеткіші 3,31 ± 0,09 болғандығы себепті, сонымен біргеp H көрсеткішінің ең төменгі 8,33 ± 0,10 жəне ең жоғары 9,43 ± 0,10 мəні бойынша сілтілі орта деп тұжырым жасалынды. Қорытындылай келе, Павлодар облысы Маралды көлі маңындағы топырақ тұзды батпақты типке жатқызылды. Н.И. Базилевич, Е.И. Панковая əдісі бойынша топырақтың аниондық құрамын зерттеу нəтижесінде топырақ улы тұздардың мөлшеріне байланысты сульфат-хлорид, сульфат болып жіктелетіні анықталды. Топырақтың улы тұздар мөлшеріне байланысты топырақ сынамасының нұсқаларында Cl– –SO42– — 0,80 > 0,6 жəне тұзды батпақты топыраққа жататынын анықталды.
Балдырлардың дротавериннің əсеріне сезімталдылығы
Authors: Тулегенова С.Е. , Бейсенова Р.Р.
Published: February 2025

Қазіргі таңда адамзат түрлі фармацевтикалық өнімдерді қажеттіліктеріне байланысты күнделікті өмірде пайдаланып, су көздеріне шығарып жатыр. Дəрі-дəрімектердің адам ағзасына тигізетін теріс əсерінен бөлек, олардың дұрыс емес жолмен жойылуы, қоршаған ортаға ретсіз төгілуі экожүйелер мен су биотасына зиянын келтіруі мүмкін. Қазақстанда қоршаған ортаның фармацевтикалық ластануы басқа шет елдермен салыстырғанда жете зерттелмеген. Зерттеу нəтижелерінде анықталғандай Қазақстанда басым түрде кездесетін фармацевтикалық қосындыларға экотоксикологиялық зерттеулер жүргізу қажет. Мақалада дəрілік препараттардың қолдану деңгейі мен қоршаған ортадағы фармацевтикалық қалдықтардың су биотасының өкілі Chlorella speciesке тигізетін əсері зерттелді. Зерттеу нысаны ретінде дротаверин гидрохлоридті алдық, себебі дротаверин Қазақстанда басым түрде кездесетін қосындылардың біріне кіреді. Препараттың 1–100 мг/л аралығында концентрацияларының əсері анықталды. Бақылау тобымен дротаверин гидрохлоридтің өсу жылдамдығын салыстыратын болсақ, жеті есеге дейін төмендеп кеткен. Дротаверин гидрохлоридтің ең жоғарғы концентрациясы Chlorella sp.-тің өсу қарқынын төмендетіп, өсудің 99,7 ± 0,13 % тежелуіне алып келді.
Материалы к созданию«Черной книги фауны Павлодарской области». Чужеродные виды рыб в экосистемах Среднего Иртыша
Authors: Убаськин А.В. , Калиева А.Б. , Биткеева А.А. , Дюсембаева А.Т.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена изучению видового состава чужеродных видов рыб в экосистемах Среднего Иртыша. В настоящее время бассейн Среднего Иртыша стал крупным районом-реципиентом чужеродных видов рыб. В водоемах казахстанской части бассейна Среднего Иртыша на территории Павлодарской области встречаются чужеродные виды рыб из 5 отрядов, 6 семейств, 14 родов и 15 видов. В ходе проведенных исследований были получены предварительные материалы по видовому составу чужеродных видов рыб, обитающих в экосистемах бассейна Среднего Иртыша в пределах Павлодарской области. Одной из мер по сохранению биоразнообразия Среднего Иртыша и предотвращению воздействия чужеродных видов на его экосистемы предлагается создание региональной «Чёрной книги фауны Павлодарской области». В связи с важностью проблемы необходимо принимать серьезные меры по предотвращению распространения чужеродных видов, в том числе пираньевых видов рыб. Для этого имеется серьезная законодательная база.
Biological effects of lithium on the structure of the liver in conditions of remote tumor growth
Authors: Bakhbayeva S.A. , Bgatova N.P. , Zhumadina Sh.M.
Published: February 2025

In the experiment on CBA mice the effect of lithium carbonate on the liver structure when used as an antitumor agent was studied. Tumor growth was modeled by introducing hepatocarcinoma-29 cells into the muscle tissue of the right thigh of experimental animals. Lithium carbonate was administered on the periphery of tumor growth at a dose of 0.037 mg per animal. The structure of the liver was studied by light, electron microscopy and morphometry after 3, 7, 13, and 30 days of the experiment. In the dynamics of remote tumor growth, structural changes in the liver were discovered, which indicates the organ dysfunction. It has been shown that by the 30th day of tumor development there was a decrease in the volume and number density of hepatocytes, a decrease in the number density of binuclear cells and an increase in the volume density of sinusoids. In hepatocytes there was a decrease in the concentration of all intracellular organelles, which is a reflection of a decrease in the energy and synthetic function of cells. The use of lithium carbonate as an antitumor agent led to the aggravation of structural changes in the liver, which was apparently due to an increase in the toxic load on the organ due to an increase in the decay products and the dying of tumor cells under the influence of lithium.
Influence of derivatives of oxyquinoline on state of gistostructure as of insulin and zinc content in β-cells of the isolated pancreatic islets
Authors: Meyramov G.G. , Kohnert K.-D. , Korchin V.I. , Zhuzbayeva G.O. , Andreewa A.P. , Kartbayeva G.T. , Shaybek A.S. , Ikambaeva L.M. , Meyramova D.A.
Published: February 2025

Authors investigated the nature of the direct effect of the diabetogenic derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline (TSQ) on pancreatic β-cells in experiments on a tissue culture model of isolated pancreatic islets (IPI), which allows us to study the direct effect of target concentrations of investigated substance on cells, whereas in experiments on animals, the metabolism of a substance injected into the body with the subsequent effect of metabolites on β-cells is not excluded. In experiments with IPI of newborn rats, TSQ was added to the nutrient fluid; after cultivation, the material was fixed in Bouin liquid. Histological and highly specific histochemical methods specific for insulin and zinc in β-cells were used to assess the insulin content in β-cells and the state of the islet’s histostructure. Results. It was shown that the direct effect of TSQ on β-cells is accompanied by cell destruction and a significant decrease of insulin and zinc content (from 1.68–1.74 pu in intact islets to 1.04–1.18 pu in experience), which is the reason for the destruction of islets and the development of type 1 diabetes. When choosing research methods, the most complete results are obtained by using of a complex that includes two methods — histological or combining the properties of histological and histochemical and one of the histochemical specific method for insulin and zinc in β-cells. In manual selection of purified pancreatic islets, the number of damaged IPIs is several times less compared to the other methods.
Isolation and identification of new strains of lactic acid microorganisms from various traditional lactic acid products of the Central region of Kazakhstan
Authors: Bairon L.Zh. , Issenova A.O. , Zhappar N.K. , Shaikhutdinov V.M. , Ishmuratova M.Yu.
Published: February 2025

The article describes the process of isolation and identification of lactic acid microorganisms obtained from various types of traditional lactic acid products of the Central region of Kazakhstan. In the course of the work, 10 samples were taken. 5 individual isolates were isolated from them, including 2 isolates from ayran (CK-1, CK-4), 2 isolates from sour cream (CK-3, CK-5) and 1 isolate from koumiss (CK-2). While studying cultural and morphological properties, large long rods with the length of 0.5–1.2 μm long have been spotted, located singly or assembled in chains. They didn’t form spores. They are facultative anaerobes. Gram-positive. Catalase-negative. The colonies are convex with a solid edge, opaque and not pigmented. The optimum growth temperature is 37 ºC. Genetic identification based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence has been performed. A fragment of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR method. After the terminal fragments had been removed, nucleotide sequences with the length of more than 650 base pairs were obtained, which were identified in GeneBank using the BLAST algorithm. Based on a comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNAgene fragment, the sequences of the corresponding genome regions were obtained. As a result of the work on the study of cultural and morphological characters and comparison of the analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNAgene, it was ascertained that isolates CK-1, CK-3, CK-4, CK-5 isolated from ayran and sour cream belong to the species Lactobacillus plantarum, and isolate CK-2 isolated from koumiss belongs to the species Lactobacillus paracasei.
Assessment of water-retaining capacity of wheat seedlings after exposure to laser radiation
Authors: Amenova D.М. , Ageev D.V. , Ishmuratova М.Yu. , Zeinidenov А.K.
Published: February 2025

The article presented the results of assessing the effect of hydration and water-holding capacity of soft wheat seedlings after preliminary treatment of seeds with a laser with a wavelength of 632,8 nm. The processing timer anged from 15 seconds to 15 minutes. The watering of raw seedlings during drying and air-dry weight was higher than the control values. Thus, the water content of 3-week-old wheat seedlings in all experimental variants exceeded the control by 12.5–45.2 %. The weight of the experimental seedlings after 2 hours of drying exceeded the control value by 23.5–159.4 %, after 4 hours — by 5.6–74.5 %. The dry weight of the seedlings turned out to be 6.7–44.4 % higher than the control in the experimental variants. The water-holding capacity of wheat seedlings according to the experimental variants turned out to be approximately at the control level or higher than the control values. These parameters indicated a positive effect of laser processing of a certain duration on the increase in drought resistance. The best indicators of seedling water content and water-holding capacity were noted for pre-sowing treatments with laserir radiation — 1 minute, 2 minutes, 2 minutes 30 sec-onds, 4 minutes, 10 minutes.
Identification of new strains of lactic acid bacteria from south region of Kazakhstan
Authors: Bairon L.Zh. , Issenova A.O. , Zhappar N.K. , Shaikhutdinov V.M.
Published: February 2025

The article describes the process of isolation and identification of lactic acid microorganisms derived from traditional homemade dairy products of the Southern region of Kazakhstan. During the study, 10 samples were selected. Of these, 5 separate isolates were selected: 2 koumiss isolates (Al-2, Al-3) and 3 ayran isolates (Al-1, Al-4, Al-5). A microscopic observation of koumiss isolates showed that they were cocci, isolated and collected in chains, and ayran isolates were large long rods. Spores were not formed. Bacteria were gram-positive facultative anaerobes. Colonies were convex with a solid edge, opaque and not pigmented. Optimum growth temperature was 37 °C. Identification was done by the MALDI-TOF method of mass spectrometry using the Microflex device based on the Maldi Biotyper database. Mass spectra were compared using Biotyper 3.0 RTC software. Based on the results, the Score value of the analyzed strains ranged from 2.096 to 2.449. As a result, it was found that isolates Al-2, Al-3 extracted from koumiss belong to the species Lactococcus lactis and iso-lates Al-1, Al-4, Al-5 extracted from ayran to Lactobacillus plantarum. The data obtained by us indicate that the results of microbiological identification are consistent. Antagonistic activity of cultures was studied by 2 test strains (S. aureus and E. Coli) using agar block method. The results showed that the lysis zone around the wells with Staphylococcus aureus culture was in the range from 12.00±1 mm to 18.00±1 mm, and Escherichia coli in the range from 13.00±1 mm to 17.00±1 mm. The isolates have an inhibitory effect on the indicator test strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.