bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medieval encyclopedia as a form of of religious worldview universalization (on the example of "Speculum Maius " by Vincent of Beauvais)
Authors: Aristova Alla
Published: January 2021

The article actualizes the significance of scholastic encyclopedias for the religious and secular culture of medieval Europe. Their role as a compendium of accumulated knowledge and at the same time ideological synthesis of Christian religious doctrine and scientific achievements, ancient and scholastic traditions, university, and church-monastery intellectual culture is shown.

The main attention is paid to the multi-volume Vincent of Beauvais’ work «Speculum Maius» («The Great Mirror») as the most significant work among medieval encyclopedias and its conceptual completion. The extraordinary role of the encyclopedia as a documentary evidence of knowledge, ideas, worldview, mentality of the Western European Middle Ages is proved. The author outlines the principles of codification of «The Great Mirror»; highlights the influence of the Christian-theological context on the content, structure and methods of organizing its material; the relationship of encyclopedic work with the processes of development and rationalization of the religious worldview. The focus is on the universalizing potential of the Christianity concepts, the extraordinary expression of which was the work by Vincent of Beauvais. The aspiration for universality was manifested both in the desire to understand the world as a Whole, created by God-completed omnipresence, and in attempts to base all the accumulated human experience, all kinds of knowledge and life on the principles of the Christian worldview. The encyclopedia is valued as a real «mirror» of an entire era, the medieval reception of Christianity, the history of European science and knowledge.
Review for a monograph "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in its history and today " by professors A. Kolodnyi and L. Fylypovychch
Authors: Tytarenko Vita
Published: January 2021

The review reviews the monograph "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in its history and present" by Professors A. Kolodnyi and L.Fylypovych
Introductory remarks by the editor-in-chief
Authors: Kolodnyi Anatolii
Published: January 2021

Introductory remarks by the editor-in-chief
Title Page
Authors: Of the journal Editorial Board
Published: January 2021

Title Page
Coenzyme Q10 Insufficiency Contributes to the Duration and Frequency of Seizures in Epileptic Patients
Authors:   Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Simani Leila , Rezaei Omidvar ,   Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ryan Fari ,   Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Sadeghi Masoumeh ,   Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Hooshmandi Etrat ,   inical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Ramezani Mahtab ,   Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Pakdaman Hossin
Published: January 2021

ntroduction: Oxidative stress has recently emerged as a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a strong endogenous antioxidant that protects cells from lipid oxidation and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production; however, the impact of CoQ10 on seizure characteristics in epileptic patients is unclear. Methods: The current study enrolled patients with Epileptic Seizure (ES) to evaluate their serum concentration of CoQ10 and to investigate whether a relationship exists between CoQ10 levels with the duration, frequency, and type of seizure. Results: A total of 39 patients with epileptic seizures and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. The levels of CoQ10 in ES patients were significantly lower in comparison with healthy controls (11.99±5.93 vs (ng/ml). 16.48±4.20 (ng/ml) P<0.001). We also found that the duration of epilepsy and seizure frequency was negatively correlated with serum CoQ10 levels. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CoQ10 deficiency might substantially contribute to the clinical signs of epileptic patients.
Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion and Cochlear Oxidative Stress and Hearing Loss in Rats
Authors:   Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran., Fanaei Hamed , Pourbakht Akram ,   epartment of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Jafarzadeh Sadegh ,   Department of Audiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of bilateral carotid artery occlusion on cochlear oxidative stress and hearing status in rats. Methods: The rats were divided into two sets. The first set was used for electrophysiological recording (click and 4 kHz tone burst auditory brainstem responses and electrocochleography) on the day before surgery and then on the first, fourth, and seventh days after surgery. Animals of the second set were used for biochemical analysis. The cochlea of animals in the second set was collected on the first, fourth, and seventh days after carotids occlusion for biochemical analysis. For the control groups, no carotids occlusion was done. For ischemia induction, both common carotid arteries were occluded for 20 minutes. Results: Electrophysiological analysis showed that burst auditory brainstem thresholds signiﬁcantly elevated after common carotid arteries occlusion on the first, fourth, and seventh days after surgery with abnormal electrocochleography results at 75%, 70%, and 85% on the first, fourth, and seventh days after surgery, respectively. The electrophysiological finding confirmed by biochemical results that showed malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased after occlusion in cochlea tissue. Conclusion: This study showed that bilateral common carotid artery occlusion increases cochlear oxidative stress and induces hearing loss in rats.
Interaction of Sodium Valproate With Low-Frequency Electrical Stimulation During Kindlingn
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Zalkhani Raha , Moazedi Ahmad Ali ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Ghotbeddin Zohreh ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Pourmahdi Borujeni Mahdi ,   Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The interaction between antiepileptic drugs and brain electrical stimulation is a potential therapy to control seizures in patients with pharmacoresistance to drugs. So, the present study aimed to design to determine the effect of a subeffective dose of sodium valproate combined with low-frequency electrical stimulation during kindling. Methods: One tripolar electrode was implanted stereotactically in the CA1 hippocampus of male Wistar rats. One week after surgery, the rats were kindled by electrical stimulation of hippocampus in a rapid manner (12 stimulations/day) for 6 days with sodium valproate alone or combined with low-frequency electrical stimulation (four packages contained 200 monophasic square wave pulses of 0.1-ms duration at 1 Hz, immediately after kindling stimulations). The duration of afterdischarge, maximum latency to stages 4 and 5, and the maximum duration of these stages were recorded by electromadule during kindling. Results: Application of sodium valproate with low-frequency electrical stimulation caused a reduction in cumulative afterdischarge duration. The maximum latency to the onset of stage 5 seizure increased after sodium valproate application alone, without having a significant effect on the fourth stage. Our findings showed reductions in the seizures duration and increasing in the latency times of both stages after the application of sodium valproate with low-frequency electrical stimulation. Conclusion: It seems that usage of sodium valproate with low-frequency electrical stimulation during kindling was more effective to suppress the epileptic activity than its administration alone and may have a critical role on the antiepileptic effects of sodium valproate.
Effect of Physiological Noise on Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 3T Magnetic Field
Authors:   Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Dehghani Hamed , Oghabian Mohammad Ali ,   Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Batouli Seyed Amir Hosein ,   euro Imaging and Analysis Group (NIAG), Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Arab Kheradmand Jalil ,   hefa Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khatibi Ali ,   Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods have been used to study sensorimotor processing in the spinal cord. However, these techniques confront unwanted noises to the measured signal from the physiological fluctuations. In the spinal cord imaging, most of the challenges are consequences of cardiac and respiratory movement artifacts that are considered as significant sources of noise, especially in the thoracolumbar region. In this study, we investigated the effect of each source of physiological noise and their contribution to the outcome of the analysis of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in the human thoracolumbar spinal cord. Methods: Fifteen young healthy male volunteers participated in the study, and pain stimuli were delivered on the L5 dermatome between the two malleoli. Respiratory and cardiac signals were recorded during the imaging session, and the generated respiration and cardiac regressors were included in the general linear model for quantification of the effect of each of them on the task-analysis results. The sum of active voxels of the clusters was calculated in the spinal cord in three correction states (respiration correction only, cardiac correction only, and respiration and cardiac noise corrections) and analyzed with analysis of variance statistical test and receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The results illustrated that cardiac noise correction had an effective role in increasing the active voxels (Mean±SD= 23.46±9.46) compared to other noise correction methods. Cardiac effects were higher than other physiological noise sources Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate great respiration effects on the lumbar and thoracolumbar spinal cord fMRI, and its contribution to the heartbeat effect can be a significant variable in the individual fMRI data analysis. Displacement of the spinal cord and the effects of this noise in the thoracolumbar and lumbar spinal cord fMRI results are significant and cannot be ignored.
A Randomized Clinical Trial on the Effect of Biofeedback on Pain and Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Coccydynia
Authors:   Associate professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ahadi Tannaz , Raissi Gholam Reza ,   Associate professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hosseini Maryam ,   Assistant professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation, Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sajadi Simin ,   Assistant professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ebadi Safoora ,   Assistant professor, PhD PT, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mansoori Korosh ,   Assistant professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: Pelvic floor muscles dysfunction is one of the most important etiologies of coccydynia, therefore, manual therapies have been proposed as the first line of treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of biofeedback as a new approach in the treatment of coccydynia. Methods: Thirty women were randomized into two groups. Both groups were injected with corticosteroid. One group received pelvic floor muscle exercises plus biofeedback while the other only performed exercises. Patient’s pain was measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in the first visit and after 1, 2 and 6 months of follow-up as well as Dallas pain and SF-36 quality of life questionnaires before and 2 months after the treatment. Results: Pain had improved significantly after 1, 2 and 6 months in both groups compared to the baseline. However, the amount of change was not different between the groups at any time interval. The results were the same for Dallas pain scale and SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Conclusion: Adding biofeedback to pelvic floor muscle exercises did not lead to any further improvement in management of chronic coccydynia. Further studies with larger sample sizes may show the effect of biofeedback more clearly.
Differential Dynamics of the Levels of Low Molecular Weight DNA Fragments in the Plasma of Patients With Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes
Authors:   Laboratory of Cancer Chemoprevention and Oncopharmacology, N.N.Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia., Vasilyeva Irina , Bespalov Vladimir ,   Laboratory of Cancer Chemoprevention and Oncopharmacology, N.N.Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia., Baranova Ancha ,   epartment of George, School of Systemic Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA., Voznyuk Igor ,   Department of Acute Cerebrovascular Pathology and Emergency Neurology, Saint-Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia., Baranenko Denis ,   Department of Acute Cerebrovascular Pathology and Emergency Neurology, Saint-Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, St.-Petersburg, Russia.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: To evaluate Low-Molecular-Weight (LMW) DNA as a possible prognostic biomarker in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: LMW DNA samples were isolated from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by phenol deproteinization, analyzed by gradient polyacrylamide electrophoresis and quantified by spectrophotometry. Results: Two common types of stroke, i.e. ischemic and hemorrhagic, differ by the temporal dynamics of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) accumulation. In hemorrhagic stroke, an initial increase in LMW DNA levels, most likely reflects an extent of the tissue damage, while in ischemic patients, the LMW DNA levels increase in parallel with the damage caused by hypoxia and subsequent compensatory reperfusion. Conclusion: These time-course data specify optimal assessment windows with maximum differentiating power for stroke outcomes: 24-48 hours post-event for ischemic stroke, and as close as possible to the moment of hospital admission for hemorrhagic stroke. These data also indicate the role of apoptosis in the formation of ischemic focus.
Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Cardiac Myxoma
Authors:   Department of Neurology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Esmaeili Sara , Shojaei Seyedeh Fahimeh ,   iroozgar Clinical Research and Development Center (FCRDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Bahadori Maryam ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mojtahed Mohammad ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mehrpour Masoud ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background: Myxoma may cause systemic embolization and frequently presents as ischemic stroke.  Case Presentation: There have been debates about whether it is safe to use recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with cardiac myxoma who referred with ischemic stroke to the hospital's emergency.  Results: The patient was a young case of atrial myxoma with initial presentation of acute cerebral infarction symptoms who was treated with intravenous rt-PA with no complications. Conclusion: The case provides an evidence of the efficacy and safety of intravenous rt-PA in cases of cardiac myxoma. However, we cannot always expect thrombolytic therapy to be effective, especially in tumor emboli.
The Positive Effect of MiR1 Antagomir on Ischemic Neurological Disorders Via Changing the Expression of Bcl-w and Bad Genes
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Talebi Anis
Published: January 2021

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are non-coding RNAs. Studies have shown that miRNAs are expressed aberrantly in stroke. The miR1 enhances ischemic damage, and a previous study has demonstrated that reduction of miR1 level has a neuroprotective effect on the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO). Since apoptosis is one of the important processes in neural protection, the possible effect of miR1 on this pathway has been tested in this study. Post-ischemic administration of miR1 antagomir reduces infarct volume via bcl-w and bad expression. Methods: Rats were divided into four experimental groups: sham, control, positive control, and antagomir treatment group. One hour after MCAO surgery, the rats were received intravenously (Tail vein) 0.1 mL Normal Saline (NS), 0.1 mL rapamycin, and 300 pmol/g miR1 antagomir (soluble in 0.1 mL normal saline) in control, positive control, and treatment group, respectively. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion infarct volume was measured. The expression of miR1, bcl-w, and bad were analyzed using real-time PCR in sham, control, and treated groups. Results: Our results indicate that administration of miR1 antagomir reduces infarct volume significantly, it also decreases miR1 and bad expression while increases bcl-w expression. Conclusion: Understanding the precise neuroprotective mechanism of miR1 antagomir can make it a proper treatment and an innovative approach for stroke therapy.
The Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Sleep Quality and Pain Management in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, Abdolghaderi Marie , Narimani Mohammad ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, Atadokht Akbar ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, Abolghasemi Abbas ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, Hatamian Hamidreza ,   Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Kafie Mousa ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, Ghalyanchi Langroudi Hamidreza ,   Department of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Ghaem International Hospital, Rasht, Iran
Published: January 2021

Background: Pain can interfere with the daily functioning of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, sleep disturbance is a common symptom of MS. The dialectical behavior therapy program is presented as a detailed structured treatment program that was demonstrated that has effects on the treatment of psychosomatic disorders such as pain and sleep disorders. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on sleep quality and pain management in patients with MS. Materials & Methods: This research has been carried out as a quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and a control group. A total of 24 people were selected through a convenient sampling method from the patients of the MS-Society of Guilan Province, Iran. Then, they are randomly divided into 2 equal groups (experimental and control). The study data were collected through Pittsburgh sleep quality scale and pain self-efficacy questionnaires. The intervention process was performed for the experimental group as 8 training sessions of 90 minutes long. The obtained data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS v. 24. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of pain management (F=4.04) and sleep quality (F=5.64) (P<0.05) and dialectical behavior therapy had a significant statistical effect on sleep quality and pain management. Conclusion: Based on these findings, dialectical behavior therapy can be used to improve the quality of sleep and manage pain in patients with MS.
Exosomes: Future Perspective in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors:   Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University Of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran, Alidoust Leila , Jafari Adele ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Department of physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
Published: January 2021

Neurodegeneration is a progressive and irreversible loss of neuronal cells in specific regions of the brain. Alzheimer Diseases (AD) Parkinson Disease (PD) are the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases in older people. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles that have a key role in physiological processes such as intercellular communication, cell migration, angiogenesis, and anti-tumor immunity. Mounting evidence indicates the role of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders as possible carriers of disease particles. They have several different potential applications thanks to their unique structure and functions. The present review summarizes recent studies on exosome potentials as a biomarker and therapeutic tool in neurodegenerative diseases. It also provides an overview of the structure and function of exosomes.
Symptom-to-needle Times in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Its Prehospital Related Factors
Authors:   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Hosseininezhad Mozaffar , Tabari-Khomeian Rasoul ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Moaddabi Yaser ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Ghayeghran1 Amirreza ,   Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Esmaeilzade Sedighe ,   eneral Physician, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Ghasemi Maryam ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Zia Ziabari Seyyed Mahdi ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Shafaei Fatemeh ,   Poursina hospital, Guilan university of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Published: January 2021

Background: Intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue Plasminogen Activator (rtPA) (IV-rtPA) is the only FDA-approved pharmacological therapy for treatment in acute ischemic stroke and the administration of IV-rtPA is crucially time-dependent. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate symptom-to-needle time and factors associated with the prehospital delay in patients with acute ischemic stroke referred to Poursina Hospital, a referral hospital in the north of Iran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients with acute stroke referred to Poursina Hospital from June to December 2016 were evaluated. The study data were extracted from the patients’ records. SPSS v. 21 was used to analyze the obtained data. The independent samples t-test and the Chi-square test were used to explore the appropriate relation of variables. Results: A total of 322 patients were included. Their mean age was 74.4 years and 55.6% were male. According to findings, only 74 patients (22.98%) were transferred to the hospital via Emergency Medical Service (EMS), most of them (64.86%) arrived at the right time. There is a significant relationship between EMS transfer use and arriving at the hospital at the right time. Overall, 13.9% of patients received IV rtPA, and 75.5% of the patients received rtPA in less than 60 minutes. Among the patients arrived in the golden time, the average times to treatment were as follows: onset-to-door (OTD), 105 min; door-to-admission, 3 min; admission-to-doctor, 7 min; doctor-to-Computed Tomography (CT), 15 min; CT-to-treatment, 26 min; symptom to needle time, 152 min; and door-to-needle time (DNT), 49 min. Conclusion: According to this study, although the two-third of eligible patients were transferred to the hospital at the right time, the rate of using EMS for patient transportation is low.
Association of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Genetic Variation (S3735520) and Its Concentration in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case-control Study
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, Khalili Masoumeh , Mashayekhi Farhad ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, Salehi Zivar ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Published: January 2021

Background: Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) was shown to play a key role in synaptogenesis, survival, maturation, and reconstruction of neuron cells and was shown to be implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Objectives: Assessing the relationship between HGF (rs3735520) gene polymorphism and its circulating levels in ASD. Materials & Methods: A total of 140 ASD patients and 120 children healthy controls referred to Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Mazandaran, Iran from September 2017 to January 2019 were enrolled in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, HGF polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and HGF serum concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and the Chi-square test, using χ² in MedCalc statistical software ver. 12.1.4. Results: Genotype frequencies of CC, CT, and TT in the ASD group were 25.71%, 52.86%, and 21.43%, and in controls were 26.67%, 68.33%, and 5%, respectively (P=0003) and C and T alleles frequencies in patients were 53% and 47% and in controls were 61% and 39%, respectively (P=0.046). Moreover, the Mean±SD serum HGF levels in the controls and ASD patients were 363.33±118.44 and 219.95±73.61 pg/mL, respectively (P=0.009). Furthermore, ASD patients carrying TT genotype had lower serum HGF levels than CT and TT carriers (CC, CT, and TT Mean±SD serum levels were 271.88±30.47, 217.77±33.59 and 156.33±22.72 pg/mL, respectively). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between HGF gene polymorphism and its serum levels with ASD in an Iranian population. We also suggest that TT genotype may be associated with a decrease in HGF circulation levels in ASD.
Memory Impairment in Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder With and Without Psychosis: A Comparative Study
Authors:   Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Soleimani Robabeh , Akhzari Mohammadreza ,   Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Eslamdoust-Siahestalkhi Fatemeh ,   Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Published: January 2021

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common symptom in both Schizophrenia (SZ) and Bipolar Disorder (BD), and studies have demonstrated memory impairment in patients with these disorders. Objectives: To compare memory impairment in patients with SZ, BD with psychosis, and BD without psychosis. Materials & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 42 patients referred to Shafa Hospital in Rasht, Iran. Patients were examined in 3 groups of 14 people each (SZ, BD with psychosis, and BD without psychosis). The study tools included a demographic information questionnaire, a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Wechsler’s Memory Scale (WMS) for adults. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using the 1 way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean BPRS scores in patients with SZ (47.28) was higher than that in BD with psychosis (43.93) and BD without psychosis (23.14). ANOVA results showed a significant difference between patients with SZ and BD without psychosis (P=0.001), as well as BD with psychosis and BD without psychosis (P=0.001). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean WMS scores between patients with SZ (62.07) and BD with psychosis (76.57) (P=0.009) and between SZ and BD without psychosis (73.5) (P=0.047). BPRS and WMS scores in SZ and BD without psychosis patients had a negative correlation. Conclusion: The results showed that SZ is associated with weaker memory than BD, and a history of psychosis does not have a significant effect on memory function in patients with BD.
Emotional Behavioral Problems and Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Collaborators in Children With Cancer
Authors:   Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hosseini Fariba , Aghebati Asma ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Asgharnejad Ali Asghar ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Arjomandi Rafsanjani Khadijeh ,   Department of Pediatrics, Ali Asghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghorbani Sareh ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the emotional, behavioral problems, and posttraumatic stress symptoms in siblings of children with cancer and a control group. Methods: This study is a causal-comparative study. The sample consisted of 30 siblings aged 11 to 18 years old in children with cancer, 30 controls, who were matched for age and sex. The data was collected through availability sampling. In this study, a self-report questionnaire of adolescents and symptom scales of post-traumatic stress disorder-self-report form was used to assess the internalization, externalization, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between internalization problems, extraversion problems, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in adolescents with cancer and the control group. Conclusion: According to the results, the siblings of children with cancer had more behavioral emotional behaviors than the control group that these findings revealed a greater vulnerability in this group and a guide for appropriate interventions.
Mediating Role of Communication Patterns in Relationship Between Self-differentiation and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran, Mam Salehi Hossein , Moradi Omid ,   Department of Psychology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran, Arefi Mukhtar ,   Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran., Yar-Ahmadi Yahya ,   Department of Psychology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The couples’ marital satisfaction depends on their Communication Patterns. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of Communication Patterns in the relationship between self-differentiation and sexual satisfaction of couples. Methods: This study is descriptive correlational research. The statistical population of the study was all couples residing in Bukan City in 2019. A total of 500 couples was selected by the multistage cluster sampling method and the differentiation questionnaires, Communication Patterns, and Larsson sexual satisfaction questionnaire were performed on them. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression and the Sobel test was performed by using SPSS V. 22 and PLS software. Results: According to the results, the survey of the mediating role of Communication Patterns in the relationship between self-differentiation and sexual satisfaction, the Sobel test statistic value was 18.663 (P≤0/01). Therefore, it can be concluded that the communication variables have a positive and significant mediating effect on their differentiation on sexual satisfaction. On the other hand, the effect of their differentiation on sexual satisfaction is both independent and positive and significant with the mediating variable of Communication Patterns. Conclusion: Considering the results, it can be concluded that couples’ therapists can emphasize improving couples ‘Communication Patterns’ to achieve sexual satisfaction and use this approach to prevent divorcing couples from breaking up in their marriage.
The Mediational Roles of Law of Contagion and Threat Estimations in the Relation Between Disgust and Contamination-based OCD Symptoms
Authors:   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran., Moradi Motlagh Mona , Nainian Mohammadreza ,   Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran., Fata Ladan ,   Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Gholami Mohammad ,   Department of Biological Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Trbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Ghaedi Gholamhosein ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The law of contagion is one of the sympathetic of magic principles and is a cognitive distortion related to disgust. To explain how disgust can lead to contamination Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms, this study assumes that the emotion of disgust can activate the law of contagion, which in turn may motivate threat estimations that finally results in OCD symptoms. Methods: This study has a correlational research design. Participants were 495 students (59% women) from Olum Tahghighat University that recruited through convenience sampling. All the participants completed all the questionnaires in the same order: Threat estimation scenarios, the Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory Contamination Scale (VOCI-C), negative-spiritual contagion subscale from Contagion Sensitivity Scale (CSS), and core disgust subscale from Disgust Scale (DS). This model was examined through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The finding revealed that the proposed model had a good fit based on reported indices: χ2, CMIN/DF, GFI, CFI, AGFI, RMSEA. Conclusion: There are mediational roles for the law of contagion and threat estimations in the relation between disgust and OCD symptoms. The proposed psychopathological model can help to promote the disgust theory in OCD and may have implications for cognitive behavioral therapy.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Music Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Quality of Life, Craving and Emotion Regulation in Patients Under Methadone Maintenance Therapy
Authors:   Department of Health Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran., Eshaghi Farahmand Seyed Reza , Ahadi Hassan ,   Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran., Kalhornia Golkar Maryam ,   Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran., Sedaghat Mastoreh ,   Department of Psychology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Music Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Quality of Life (QoL), craving, and emotional regulation in patients under methadone maintenance therapy. Methods: The method of the study was quasi-experimental and multi-group pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population consisted of all clients treated with methadone maintenance therapy in addiction treatment clinics affiliated with Tehran Health Organization in 2018. Then 54 people of whom (18 in each group) were selected through purposeful sampling in two experimental groups (Music-Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and a control group was included. The data was collected using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Craving Questionnaire. The ANCOVA was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that both Music Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Improved the QoL, emotion regulation in the experimental group compared to the control group and significantly reduced craving (P<0.01). The results of the follow-up test showed that the mean scores of the experimental groups in the study variables were significantly different from the control group. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of their effect on the QoL and negative cognitive emotion regulation so that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was more effective in regulating negative emotions and enhancing the QoL but there was no significant difference in regulating for positive emotions and reducing craving. These results suggest that both treatments significantly increase the QoL, emotional regulation, and it reduces craving.
Immunopotentiotor Effect of α-Tocopherol on Cytokine Expression in the Lymphocytes in the Elderly People
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Darabi Atifeh , Haghighat Setareh ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Mahdavi Mehdi ,   Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background: Aging is associated with attenuation of immune responses. Studies show that old people are vulnerable to infectious diseases such as influenza. α-Tocopherol as an immunomodulator affects immune responses. In the present study, the effect of α-tocopherol, on lymphocyte responses i.e. interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in elderly individuals was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Heparinized blood samples were prepared from 10 elderly individuals (n=10, age >80 years) as the experimental group and 10 young individuals (n= 10, 20-40 years) as the control group. The separated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of aged and young individuals were used for treatment with 2 μg/mL of α-tocopherol and 2 μg/mL of Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) after 12 and 24 h incubation period. After isolation of total RNA and synthesize of cDNA, the gene expressions of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and NF-κB were evaluated by real-time PCR method. β-Actin gene was considered as the internal control gene. Results: Results showed that treatment with α-tocopherol increased the IFN-γ expression in old and young lymphocyte groups. The mRNA level of NF-κB increased in the PPD group after 12 h in both old and young groups (p <0.05). There were no alterations in TNF-α expression in both groups. Conclusion: It seems that α-tocopherol is effective in the promotion of cytokine responses in old individuals and may be useful as a supplement for improving the immune system of elderly people.
Assessment of Antitumor Activity of Vinca herbacea on Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line
Authors:   Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Dehghanipour Somayeh , Saadatmand Sara ,   Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hayati Roodbari Nasim ,   Immunotherapy Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mahdavi Mehdi ,   epartment of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2021

Background: It seems that Vinca. herbacea has an anti-tumor effect. Here, the immunotherapeutic effect of this compound is assessed against human ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cells because of the high incidence of this tumor in women. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic activity of V. herbacea extract against human ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cells was determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis-inducing potential of V. herbacea extract was investigated using the FITC-V Annexin kit. The Matrigel invasion assay was used to investigate the ability of V. herbacea extract in reducing ovarian cancer cells invasion. Real-time PCR using specific primers was performed to investigate the expression of angiogenesis (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGF-A), apoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bax), and metastasis (MMP2 and MMP9) genes. Results: V. herbacea caused a significant cytotoxic effect against human ovarian cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. V. herbacea induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells through caspase-3 activation and an increase in the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. V. herbacea inhibited cancer cells’ angiogenesis, which was evident by the significant reduction in the expression of angiogenesis-related genes, including VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2. Besides, V. herbacea inhibited cancer cell adhesion and invasion. Conclusion: V. herbacea extract elicits a robust cytostatic effect in SKOV3 cells by modulating the activity and or the expression of proteins regulating the process of cellular apoptosis, adhesion invasion, and angiogenesis.
Fundamentals of Education vs communication [Fundamentos de la educación vs comunicación]
Authors: Olaguibel Vanessa
Published: January 2021

Education has foundations that allow more fluid communication that very little has been exploited. This article tries to motivate to apply the fundamentals of the education to the students of initial, basic and superior level.
Communication in pedagogy and educational didactics [Comunicación en la pedagogía y didáctica educacional]
Authors: Olaguibel Vanessa
Published: January 2021

Every day in education, hundreds and hundreds of changes are registered, the same ones that despite being extremely important are not analyzed with the interest that they require, and even many of the times they are even ignored, worse still, there is room for the educommunication, that is to say, the educational-communicative fusion, precisely these reasons are the driving forces to develop this work focused on these issues.
Students’ Perspectives on Undergraduate Research: Obstacles, Experiences, and Tips for a Refined Young Scientist
Authors: Bawa Kritleen , Elfaki Layan , Tang Kevin
Published: January 2021

What is the experience of doing undergraduate research like? What are the common expectations and how do you deal with obstacles that you encounter on the way? What do you get out of it? In this piece, we will discuss the importance of mental health while being a research student, the significance of research experience in an undergraduate career, as well as providing personal experiences to attain optimal performance as an experimenter. In exploring the various aspects of research, we also interviewed an U of T PhD Candidate in the department of psychology who worked as a research assistant at Baycrest Hospital for 10 years. Being extensively active in the research community, he had a plethora of research experiences that he loved to share; please find his insight in the “Q and A” after each section.
Esophageal Cancer and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Vidyadhar Takalkar Unmesh
Published: January 2021

Esophageal cancer is eighth most common cancer worldwide with high biological aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Switching of predominant type from squamous cell carcinoma to adenocarcinoma in Western population, ethnic discrepancies and increased occurrences have identified it as major public health problem. Though monotherapy includes – surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, optimal therapy for esophageal cancer is still debated. Treatment requires a multi-modal approach which includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy with or without surgical follow-up for most patients and chemoradiation for those with inoperable disease; endoscopic therapies, including radiofrequency ablation, endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic sub mucosal dissection for Barrett’s esophagus/ early carcinoma patients and minimally invasive surgical approaches are standards for esophagectomy. Advancement in diagnostic techniques and the multi-modal treatment approach has led to an improvement in the overall survival of esophageal cancer patients. Key words: Esophageal Cancer, Treatment, Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy, Chemoradiation
Cornual Ectopic Pregnancy, Which Had Continued to Full Term; Deliver a Healthy Fetus
Authors: Ata Allah Marina J Al
Published: January 2021

Rudimentary horn pregnancy is a rare ectopic pregnancy in uterine horn caused by abnormal or failed development of one Müllerian duct with a healthy fetus. A significant number of cases reported an incidence of 1 in 76,000 and 1 in 150,000 and some cases are not detected. Timely management of rudimentary horn pregnancy is pivotal in reducing mortality and morbidity. This study is designed to present a case of live 36-week primary horn ectopic pregnancy diagnosis using Ultrasound. Serum B-HCG levels normalized on postoperative first month. Keywords: Cornual ectopic pregnancy, Healthy fetus, Müllerian duct anomaly Rudimentary horn.
Jejunal Atresia in Newborn: A Case Report
Authors: ENGİN Muhammet Mesut Nezir
Published: January 2021

Jejunal atresia is a rare congenital malformation. Mortality, which was 90% in the 1950s, decreased to approximately 10%. There are studies reporting 1/5000 incidence. We presented a case with polyhydramnios and enlargement of the intestines in the prenatal period, a nutritional defect after birth, with dilated bowel loops with air-fluid levels on the direct abdominal x-ray, and operated on the first day of postnatal diagnosis. Keywords: Abdominal distention, Polyhydroamniosis, Jejunal atresia, Newborn.
Synchronic Pulmonary and Intestinal Tuberculosis in an Elderly Patient
Authors: AI Tirado-Peraza
Published: January 2021

We present the case of an elderly woman who presented to the ER with acute abdomen. During surgery, a free perforation in terminal ileum was found so ileostomy and resection were made. Pathology examination reported intestinal tuberculosis, and plain thorax radiography showed a classic Ghon complex. We present a brief report of this uncommon entity. Keywords: Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections; Ileostomy