bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRL4DCAF12regulation of MCMBP ensures optimal licensing of DNA replication
Authors: Yadav Anoop Kumar , Abdirov Alikhan , Ondruskova Katarina , Negi Simran , Kolarova Karolina , Dibus Nikol , Krejci Jana , Polasek-Sedlackova Hana , Cermak Lukas
Published: November 2024

The minichromosome maintenance (MCM2-7) protein complexes are central drivers of genome duplication. Distinct protein pools, parental and nascent MCMs, and their precise equilibrium are essential to sustain error-free DNA replication1. However, the mechanism responsible for generating these pools and maintaining their equilibrium remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified CRL4DCAF12as a new factor controlling the assembly of nascent MCM complexes. During MCM biogenesis, MCMBP facilitates the assembly and transport of newly synthesized MCM3-7 subcomplexes into the nucleus2,3. Once in the nucleus, the MCM2 subunit must be incorporated into the MCM3-7 subcomplex, while MCMBP needs to be removed. CRL4DCAF12facilitates the degradation of MCMBP and thereby regulates the assembly of MCM2-7 complexes. The absence of CRL4DCAF12adversely affects the level of chromatin-bound nascent MCMs, resulting in accelerated replication forks and genome instability. Collectively, our findings uncovered the molecular mechanism underlying nascent MCM production essential to counteract genome instability and tumor formation.
Decoding substrate specificity determining factors in glycosyltransferase-B enzymes – Insights from machine learning models
Authors: Hennen Samantha G. , Bomble Yannick J. , Urbanowicz Breanna R. , Bharadwaj Vivek S.
Published: November 2024

Substrate specificity is an essential characteristic of any enzyme’s function and an understanding of the factors that determine this specificity is crucial for enzyme engineering. Unlike the structure of an enzyme which is directly impacted by its sequence, substrate specificity as an enzyme attribute involves a rather indirect relationship with sequence as it also depends on structural aspects that dictate substrate accessibility and active site dynamics. In this study, we explore the performance of classifier-based machine learning models trained on curated sequence and structural data for a class of glycosyltransferases (GTs), namely GT-Bs, to understand their substrate specificity determining factors. GTs enable the transfer of sugar moieties to other biomolecules such as oligosaccharides or proteins and are found in all kingdoms of life. In plants, GTs participate in the biosynthesis of plant cell wall biopolymers (eg: hemicelluloses and pectins) and are an integral part of the enzymatic machinery that enables the storage of carbon and energy as plant biomass. To elucidate the substrate specificity of uncharacterized GT-Bs, we constructed multi-label machine learning models (Support Vector Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors, Gaussian Naïve-Bayes, Random Forest) that incorporate both sequence and structural features. These models achieve good predictive accuracies on test datasets. However, despite our use of structural information, we highlight that there is further scope for improvement in training these models to draw interpretable relationships between sequence, structure and substrate specificity determining motifs in GT-Bs.
The Role of Health Professionals in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Community: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pasambo Yourisna , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo , Efendi Ferry
Published: November 2024

Background

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2DM) is a global health problem that continues to increase. Suboptimal treatment can worsen the patient’s condition, cause more serious complications, and increase the death rate. The role of various health professionals in the management of T2DM in the community is increasingly recognized as an important element for achieving better outcomes. Objective of this review is to identify and analyze the role of each health professional and their challenges in treating T2DM.

Method

Review of the scope of the main research that discusses it the role of the role of each health professional health professional in treating T2DM in the community. Various databases were searched via Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest. Four databases were searched and 462 articles were retrieved. After screening articles and abstracts, 51 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and finally 9 studies were further analyzed and synthesized.

Results

seven quantitative studies and two qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Four themes emerged: (1) the role of each health professional, (2) Determining factors for the success of T2DM treatment, (3) Challenges in treating T2DM, and (4) Health policy and support systems.

Conclusion

found unclear role definitions for healthcare professionals managing T2DM, leading to overlapping responsibilities and inefficiencies in patient care. This study highlights the importance of a clear and standardized treatment protocol and guideline, containing clear roles for each health professional for the management of people with T2DM in the community. Governments need to promote IPC and provide the necessary resources and infrastructure to support collaborative practice resulting in better outcomes for T2DM patients.
Effect of Acipimox on skeletal muscle biochemistry, structure and function in older people with probable sarcopenia: an experimental medicine study
Authors: McDonald Claire , Alderson Craig , Birkbeck Matthew G , Din Silvia Del , Gorman Grainne G , Hollingsworth Kieren G , Kirk Cameron , Massarella Clare , Rochester Lynn , Tuppen Helen AL , Warren Charlotte , Sayer Avan A , Witham Miles D
Published: November 2024

Background

Skeletal muscle Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) concentrations are low in people with sarcopenia. Increasing NAD concentrations may offer a novel therapy. This study tested if Acipimox (a NAD precursor) improves skeletal muscle NAD concentration and function in people with probable sarcopenia.

Methods

Participants aged 65 and over with low walk speed (<0.8m/s) and low muscle strength (by 2019 European Working Group criteria) were recruited to this before and after, proof-of-concept study. Participants received acipimox 250mg orally (twice or thrice daily according to creatinine clearance) + aspirin 75mg daily (to prevent facial flushing) for 4 weeks.

Muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis,31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and a 7-digital mobility assessment were performed before starting acipimox and after 3 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome was change in skeletal muscle NAD concentration. Secondary outcomes included change in phosphocreatine recovery rate and measures of physical performance.

Results

Eleven participants (8 women), mean age 78.9 years (SD 4.3), were recruited. Mean walk speed at baseline was 0.69m/s (SD 0.07). All completed baseline and follow-up visits. Median medication adherence was 95% (range 91–104%). There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome of change in NAD concentrations in skeletal muscle between baseline and follow-up [median difference: −0.003umol/g (IQR −0.058 to 0.210); P=0.26] or secondary outcomes. Nineteen adverse events were reported, none serious.

Conclusions

Although the study protocol was feasible and well tolerated, acipimox did not improve skeletal muscle NAD concentration, biochemical markers or physical function in people with probable sarcopenia.
Targeted Proteomic Biomarker Profiling Using NULISA in a cohort enriched with risk for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Reyes Ramiro Eduardo Rea , Wilson Rachael E. , Langhough Rebecca E. , Studer Rachel L. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Oomens Julie E. , Planalp Elizabeth M. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Asthana Sanjay , Zetterberg Henrik , Johnson Sterling C
Published: November 2024

Structured Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Targeted proteomic assays may be useful for diagnosing and staging Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). We evaluated the performance of a 120-marker central nervous system (CNS) NUcleic acid-Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA) panel in samples spanning the AD spectrum.

METHODS

Cross-sectional plasma samples (n=252) were analyzed using Alamar’s NULISAseq CNS panel. ROC analyses demonstrated NULISAseq-pTau217 accuracy in detecting amyloid (A) and tau (T) PET positivity. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using volcano plots.

RESULTS

NULISAseq-pTau217 accurately classified A/T PET status with ROC AUCs of 0.92/0.86. pTau217 was upregulated in A+, T+, and impaired groups with log2-fold changes of 1.21, 0.57 and 4.63, respectively, compared to A-. Interestingly, pTDP43-409 was also upregulated in the impaired group and correlated with declining hippocampal volume and cognitive trajectories.

DISCUSSION

This study shows the potential of a targeted proteomics panel for characterizing brain changes pertinent to ADRD. The promising pTDP43-409 findings require further replication.
Bioenergetic signature of Synaptic mitochondria
Authors: Faria-Pereira Andreia , Morais Vanessa A.
Published: November 2024

Synaptic transmission is the most energy-demanding processes in the brain and here we show that mitochondria have developed specific properties to efficiently support neurotransmission. It is a known fact that mitochondria at synapses need to be able to deal with a dynamic range of energetic needs overtime and to adapt between resting and high stimulation conditions. However, how mitochondria are adjusting to this requirement was not yet clear. Here, we show that synaptic mitochondria have a distinct bioenergetic profile presenting a stronger ability to respond to respiratory stimulus. These features are explained by a dichotomic Complex I activity pattern where synaptic mitochondria present a decreased enzymatic activity of individual Complex I, yet mitochondria at synapse present a dramatically enhanced Complex I+III combined activity. These bioenergetics features may endow synaptic mitochondria with the necessary mechanisms to adapt to the flexible bioenergetic environment present at synapses.
Revealing essential notions: an algorithmic approach to distilling core concepts from student and teacher responses in computer science education
Authors: Amur Zaira Hassan , Hooi Yew Kwang , Soomro Gul Muhammad , Bhanbhro Hina
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to assess subjective responses in computer science education to understand students' grasp of core concepts. Extracting key ideas from short answers remains challenging, necessitating an effective method to enhance learning outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study introduces KeydistilTF, a model to identify essential concepts from student and teacher responses. Using the University of North Texas dataset from Kaggle, consisting of 53 teachers and 1,705 student responses, the model’s performance was evaluated using the F1 score for key concept detection.

Findings

KeydistilTF outperformed baseline techniques with F1 scores improved by 8, 6 and 4% for student key concept detection and 10, 8 and 6% for teacher key concept detection. These results indicate the model’s effectiveness in capturing crucial concepts and enhancing the understanding of key curriculum content.

Originality/value

KeydistilTF shows promise in improving the assessment of subjective responses in education, offering insights that can inform teaching methods and learning strategies. Its superior performance over baseline methods underscores its potential as a valuable tool in educational settings.
A practice of reciprocity: how dose cause-related sport marketing stimulate consumers’ purchase intentions?
Authors: Wu Yannian , Kim Euisoo , Zhang James J. , Li Fengyan , Duan Haixia
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Grounded in social cognitive theory, social exchange theory and “cognition-emotion-behavior intention” analysis framework, a theoretical model of cause-related sport marketing (CRSM) affecting consumers’ purchase intentions was constructed through a case study. This model was then empirically validated to confirm CRSM's impact on consumers' purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study embraces a mixed-methods approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to investigate the mechanisms through which CRSM influences consumers' purchase intentions.

Findings

The results indicate that: (1) consumers’ perception of CRSM has no direct impact on purchase intentions; (2) consumers’ perception of CRSM directly affects gratitude; (3) consumer gratitude acts as a complete mediator between perceived CRSM and purchase intentions.

Originality/value

These findings shed light on the role of gratitude in CRSM and offer practical guidance for sports enterprises in improving their philanthropic marketing strategies.
The four Ps of closed-loop manufacturing: a hybrid SEM-ANN model for optimizing sustainable performance
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Imran , Iftikhar Mehwish , Iqbal Yasmine Muhammad Javaid , Khan Chaudry Bilal Ahmad , Liu Jia
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Despite the growing interest in closed-loop manufacturing, there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks that integrate product development, production processes, people and policies (4Ps) to optimize sustainable manufacturing performance. This study investigates the influence of the four Ps of closed-loop manufacturing systems (product development, production processes, people and policies) on sustainable manufacturing performance (SMP).

Design/methodology/approach

To investigate the influence of the four Ps on SMP, a hybrid analytical model was employed, combining structural equation modeling (SEM) with artificial neural networks (ANN). Data were collected through a structured survey administered to 353 manufacturing firms in Malaysia. SEM was used to assess the relationships between the variables, while ANN was employed to capture nonlinear relationships and improve prediction accuracy.

Findings

The research findings demonstrate that product development practices, including eco-design, life cycle assessment and resource planning, exert the most significant influence on SMP. Furthermore, implementing green and lean manufacturing techniques, energy modeling and material utilization/toxicity planning significantly enhances sustainability outcomes. While the social setting (employee motivation, turnover and work–life quality) does not directly impact SMP, it plays a pivotal role in facilitating the implementation of internal environmental policies. Moreover, environmental management practices, both mandatory and voluntary, serve as intermediaries between the four Ps and SMP within closed-loop manufacturing systems.

Practical implications

The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, industry leaders and manufacturing organizations. By prioritizing product development, implementing green and lean manufacturing practices and fostering a positive social setting, organizations can significantly enhance their sustainable performance. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of effective environmental management practices in mediating the relationship between other factors and SMP.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the factors that drive sustainable manufacturing performance. The hybrid SEM-ANN model offers a robust and innovative approach to analyzing the complex relationships between the four Ps and SMP.
Time-dependent rebar price prediction for procurement decision-making using bio-optimized deep machine learning
Authors: Cheng Min-Yuan , Vu Quoc-Tuan , Dessalegn Mamaru , Chen Jiun-Han
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to (1) develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to accurately forecast rebar prices and (2) propose procurement strategies to reduce the subjectivity involved in rebar price trend forecasting and minimize procurement costs for construction project general contractors.

Design/methodology/approach

Correlation analysis was used to identify the key factors influencing changes in rebar prices over time. An AI-based inference model, symbiotic bidirectional gated recurrent unit (SBiGRU), was developed for rebar price forecasting. The performance of SBiGRU was compared with other AI techniques, and procurement strategies based on the SBiGRU model were proposed.

Findings

The SBiGRU model outperformed the other AI techniques in terms of rebar price forecasting accuracy. The proposed rebar price forecasting model (RPFM) and procurement patterns, which integrate inventory management principles and rebar price forecasts, were demonstrated to effectively optimize procurement costs, realizing a remarkable 6.13% reduction in procurement expenses compared to the conventional monthly procurement approach.

Research limitations/implications

The accuracy of AI models may be impacted by disparities in the data used for model training. Future research should explore approaches incorporating price predictions and order factors.

Originality/value

This study significantly extends the bounds of traditional rebar price prediction by integrating AI-driven forecasting with inventory management principles, highlighting the potential of AI-based models to improve construction industry procurement practices, reduce related risks and costs, optimize project operations and maximize project outcomes.
Exploring consumer behavioral intentions toward energy-efficient vehicles: an empirical study for advancing sustainable development goals
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad Salman
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the key factors influencing consumer behavioral intentions toward energy-efficient vehicles (EEVs) in the context of promoting renewable energy and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, it focuses on SDG 7 (“affordable and clean energy”) and SDG 13 (“climate action”). The research investigates how the theory of consumption values – functional, symbolic, emotional and conditional values – shapes consumers’ intentions, with attitudes toward EEVs as a mediating factor.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research methodology was used, with data collected through structured surveys. The data was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the relationships between consumption values and consumer behavioral intentions toward EEVs. The mediating effect of attitudes toward EEV adoption was also examined in this model.

Findings

The study found that consumer behavioral intentions toward EEVs are significantly influenced by consumption values, with functional value having the greatest impact. Attitudes toward EEV adoption played a crucial mediating role in the relationship between consumption values and behavioral intentions. Symbolic, emotional and conditional values also contributed positively, though to a lesser extent than functional value.

Originality/value

This research offers novel insights into the factors driving consumer interest in EEVs, providing a comprehensive understanding of how consumption values shape attitudes and intentions. The findings provide practical value for policymakers and researchers in crafting strategies to accelerate EEV adoption, contributing to the achievement of global sustainability goals. The use of PLS-SEM enhances the rigor of the analysis, making this study a valuable contribution to both academic and practical discussions on sustainable transportation.
Teacher educators’ coaching experiences in a mixed-reality simulation intervention
Authors: van der Merwe Dean , Ramsaroop Sarita , Fonseca Kathleen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to explore teacher educators’ experiences and learnings as coaches in a mixed-reality simulation intervention aimed at teaching adaptive practices in preservice teacher education.

Design/methodology/approach

This interpretive study utilised elements of self-study research in combination with education action research. Data were collected through semi-structured peer interviews, group reflection and video-recorded coaching sessions with student teachers. The constant comparative method and thematic analysis were employed to analyse the data.

Findings

The study’s findings indicate that coaching within a mixed-reality simulation intervention is crucial in developing student teachers’ adaptive practices. Additionally, it was found that coaching experiences within this intervention inform teacher educators’ assumptions and knowledge of student teachers’ learning processes.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the emerging field of mixed-reality simulation interventions in teacher education by providing insights into the role of coaching in enhancing specific teaching skills. It addresses a gap in the existing literature by exploring coaching experiences within the context of mixed-reality simulations, offering valuable implications for teacher educators and curriculum development in preservice teacher education programmes.
The relationship between organizational spirituality, leadership styles and employee well-being: the moderating role of organizational trust
Authors: Hameli Kujtim , Aktaş Hakkı
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study examines the effects of organizational spirituality, leadership styles and organizational trust on employee well-being as explained by work engagement and job burnout. Specifically, the study aims to examine the moderating role of organizational trust on the relationships between these variables.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a quantitative approach and utilizes a survey for data collection involving 783 employees from Kosovo. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The research results show that organizational spirituality positively affects work engagement and negatively affects job burnout. Furthermore, both transformational and transactional leadership styles show a positive association with work engagement, while only transactional leadership is significantly associated with job burnout. The SEM results underscore that organizational trust does not moderate the relationship between organizational spirituality and employee engagement or job burnout. Organizational trust does, however, moderate the relationships between transformational and transactional leadership styles and both work engagement and job burnout.

Research limitations/implications

This study has several limitations, including the non-random sampling method and the cross-sectional nature of the study. In light of the findings, the implications of the study are discussed and recommendations for future studies are provided.

Originality/value

This study is an enrichment to the existing literature as it explores the subtle role of organizational trust as a moderator in the aforementioned relationships. It highlights the significant influence of organizational spirituality and leadership styles on work engagement and job burnout and provides new insights for researchers and practitioners alike.
Mobile robot localization method based on point-line feature visual-inertial SLAM algorithm
Authors: Xu Jintao , Fang Yu , Gao Weiwei , Liu Xintian , Shi Juanjuan , Yang Hao
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to address the low localization accuracy and frequent tracking failures of traditional visual SLAM methods in low-light and weak-texture situations, and we propose a mobile robot visual-inertial localization method based on the improved point-line features VINS-mono algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the line feature information is introduced into VINS-mono. Subsequently, the EDlines line feature extraction algorithm is optimized with a short line merging strategy and a dynamic length suppression strategy to reduce redundant short lines and fragmented segments. In the back-end sliding window optimization, line feature reprojection errors are incorporated, and Huber kernel functions are added to the inertial measurement unit residuals, point-line feature residuals and loop closure constraints to reduce the impact of outliers on the optimization results.

Findings

Comparison and verification experiments are carried out on the EuRoC MAV Data set and real weakly textured environment. In the real low-light and weak-texture scenarios, the improved mobile robot localization system achieves over 40% higher accuracy compared to VINS-mono.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this study is to propose a new visual-inertial SLAM method combining point-line features, which can achieve good localization effect in low-light and weak-texture scenes, with higher accuracy and robustness.
Organizational strategy, abnormal cash holdings, and future operating returns
Authors: Magerakis Efstathios , Habib Ahsan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper empirically investigates (1) the association between business strategy and abnormal cash position and (2) the future performance implications of abnormal cash holdings conditional on business strategy for a sample of US firms.

Design/methodology/approach

We use the firm-specific composite business score developed by Bentley et al. (2013) and examine its relationship with abnormal cash holdings. We employ the cash holding model of Opler et al. (1999) to determine the level of normal cash holdings with the residual being labeled as the abnormal cash holdings.

Findings

Using a sample of US firms, we confirm a positive and significant association between business strategy and abnormal cash holdings. We also reveal that a deviation from the estimated cash level can lead to an improved future performance but a prospector (defender) -type business strategy weakens (strengthens) the excess cash–firm performance relationship.

Originality/value

While the prior evidence show the effects of business strategies on corporate cash holding, there is no evidence of the association between business strategy and abnormal cash holdings and the performance implications of the strategy-cash holdings nexus. Hence, through the lens of business strategy, this study aims to fill this gap in the literature.
From ego to equity: exploring the influence of narcissism and gender on start-up funding success
Authors: Burger Bastian , Kraus Sascha , Maran Thomas K. , Kanbach Dominik K.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the association between narcissistic tendencies, gender and funding success in high-growth start-ups. It aims to bridge a critical research gap by exploring the combined effect of gender and narcissism on start-up funding success.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors surveyed 540 founders of high-growth start-ups in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, using the NPI-16 questionnaire to assess narcissistic tendencies. By focusing on high-growth start-ups as opposed to small firms, the authors enhanced the validity of the sample. This study isolates and analyses the effects of gender and narcissism, providing insights into their individual and combined contributions to start-up funding success.

Findings

The findings reveal that gender is associated with lower start-up funding and lower narcissistic tendencies. This highlights the intricate relationship between gender, narcissism and funding success within the context of high-growth start-ups.

Practical implications

These findings have important implications for investors, policymakers and entrepreneurial educators, suggesting that a nuanced understanding of founders’ psychological traits could enhance funding strategies and start-up support mechanisms.

Originality/value

This research addresses the critical gap in the literature by examining the joint influence of gender and narcissism on funding success in high-growth start-ups. The study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the factors shaping founder psychology and performance dynamics, offering valuable insights for future research in gender, narcissism and start-up success.
Exploring business succession dynamics in family-owned businesses: lessons from Pakistani case studies
Authors: Shahzad Faisal , Akhlaq Ather , Ghaffar Chaman
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing successful and unsuccessful succession in Pakistani family-owned businesses (FOBs), with a focus on the interplay between formal governance practices and socio-cultural dynamics. By examining key elements in succession planning and leadership transition, the study offers insights tailored to the unique challenges faced by FOBs in emerging markets such as Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a multiple case study approach, this research examines generational transitions across ten Pakistani FOBs. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key family members involved in the succession process, with thematic analysis applied to identify patterns.

Findings

The findings indicate that proactive succession planning, formal governance mechanisms and thorough successor training are critical for achieving smooth leadership transitions in Pakistani FOBs. Companies that implement structured governance and clear succession processes experience fewer internal conflicts and greater business continuity. However, socio-cultural factors, such as seniority-based preferences and gender biases, present significant obstacles, often complicating the transition process. Additional challenges include resistance to modernized strategies, and sibling rivalry strongly influence succession outcomes in the Pakistani context and highlight the need for culturally sensitive governance approaches to improve business continuity.

Practical implications

Practical implications for family-owned businesses include early succession planning, structured governance mechanisms and comprehensive training for successors. Establishing family councils can minimize conflicts and align family goals. Addressing cultural biases, such as gender and seniority preferences, encourages merit-based succession, ensuring smoother transitions. These strategies enhance continuity, reduce disruptions and support sustained growth, particularly in culturally influenced contexts like Pakistani family-owned businesses.

Originality/value

By examining succession dynamics within the context of an emerging economy such as Pakistan, this study provides valuable insights into the unique cultural and organizational challenges facing FOBs. The findings enrich the understanding of succession in family enterprises and extend current knowledge on the influence of socio-cultural factors in business continuity.
Prisoner perceptions of the environmental impact on self-harm and suicidal behaviour
Authors: Nixon Lauren , Goldie-Chaplin Gemma
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Improving prison safety by reducing self-harm and suicidal behaviour remains a government priority (Ministry of Justice, 2021). This involves developing a better understanding of the relationship between prison environments, self-harm/suicidal behaviour and the prison conditions supporting a reduction in such behaviour. Through interpretive phenomenological analysis, the authors aim to explore prisoners’ perceptions of one prison environment, considering if/how the environment has impacted prisoners need for support via the assessment, care in custody and teamwork (ACCT) process.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with seven prisoners at an adult male establishment who had not been on an ACCT since arriving there but had at least two active ACCT documents in the 12 months prior to transfer.

Findings

Analysis identified four superordinate themes: facilities, population, mentality and interaction with staff. This research increases understanding of specific factors contributing to prisoner’s lack of need for support via an ACCT document.

Research limitations/implications

A small sample within one prison for those convicted of sexual offences was used. Therefore, the findings are not fully generalisable to all establishments. The authors did not control for factors beyond the environment that could have contributed to prisoner’s lack of need for support via an ACCT document.

Practical implications

By conducting research, Forensic Psychologists are uniquely placed to increase research evidence to support the improvement of prison safety, whilst promoting its application in practice. Several recommendations about enhancing prison environments are made.

Originality/value

The findings provide insight into specific aspects of a prison environment that impacts prisoners’ level of self-harm and suicidal behaviour.
Future behavior in waqf digitalization: integrating UTAUT and DIT theories
Authors: Kasmon Balkis , Ibrahim Siti Sara , Daud Dalila , Raja Hisham Raja Rizal Iskandar , Ratnasari Ririn Tri
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the impact of digitalisation on waqf activities, focussing on blockchain, crowdfunding and artificial intelligence to predict future trends in digitalisation within waqf activities.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a quantitative approach to combine the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT) to comprehensively analyze the elements that affect the adoption of digital technology. SmartPLS software conducted the data analysis after collecting the data using SPSS. In this study, 310 respondents comprising Muslims who contribute to waqf were collected.

Findings

This research provides important insights into the elements influencing future behavior and can help policymakers promote and facilitate the digitalisation of waqf activities, not only in Malaysia but also in similar situations worldwide.

Research limitations/implications

Analysis indicated that four hypotheses were validated, implying that effort expectancy, compatibility, observability and trialability are significant determinants affecting intention. The findings suggest significant potential for further research. This paper delineates numerous methodological challenges and concerns while proposing recommendations for further research. Future research could use additional search phrases and engines not incorporated in this study to provide a more comprehensive overview. This study primarily concentrates on the applications of waqf development, digitalisation, blockchain, crowdfunding and artificial intelligence.

Practical implications

The four hypotheses regarding facilitating condition, performance expectation, relative advantage and social influence were not supported as they were found to have no significant impact on intention. For practitioners, based on the findings, it can give some insight into digitalisation’s influence on the intention of contributing to waqf in society. As for the researchers, there could be some ideas to study other than the factors mentioned in this study, as well as the supporting literature for their studies.

Originality/value

This paper provides useful insights on how emerging technology can potentially disrupt the traditional waqf landscape. It emphasizes the unique contributions of digitalization in improving transparency and accessibility, blockchain in ensuring security and trust, crowdfunding in mobilizing resources and artificial intelligence in optimizing decision-making processes.
Panaka and ayllu: autoethnography of what my two mothers taught me about interculturality and gender
Authors: Driscoll Trevor , Mondaca Rojas Carlos
Published: November 2024

Purpose

I set out on this qualitative investigation in order to grow intercultural communicative competence (ICC) by answering questions I have had about the differences between the cultures of my two homes. I examined feminist anthropological theories of the macro-region sur Andino regarding Marianism and absent fathers in the mestizo population, the role of panaka, and the collapse of ayllu.

Design/methodology/approach

The autoethnography lent itself to answering these questions due to my position as a son in the two cultures. Autoethnography explicitly adds both the first-person voice to the research and the authors' positionality. The typology used is analytical realist.

Findings

I used my memories of my mother and mother-in-law, “mi suegra,” to dialog with the literature and attempt to highlight and explain the differences in the maternal gender roles of the mestizo Latina culture and the British-Canadian culture.

Practical implications

This research serves as a tool for both language learning and global citizenship education. Language students, teachers and investigators may strengthen their ICC through reflection on cultural differences.

Social implications

The research has the potential to inform and inspire educational and social interventions aimed at promoting more equitable and inclusive gender roles. By shedding light on gender stereotypes, this work could be a valuable resource for teachers, family counselors and support service professionals.

Originality/value

The portrait painted of the maternal gender roles of the cultures of Latin America and Canada adds to intercultural competence and sensitivity.
Strategies for gender inclusion in organizations
Authors: Sil Nairitee , Lenka Usha
Published: November 2024

Purpose

With only five years remaining to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the pace to achieve SDG 5 has been alarmingly slow, with projections indicating that gender equality in leadership positions will take another 140 years to close. Thus, this paper aims to suggest actionable strategies to accelerate the process of closing the existing gender gap in leadership across organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper synthesizes findings from existing literature, global reports and policy analysis to propose targeted strategies aimed at promoting gender equality in organizations.

Findings

This paper highlights the pervasive underrepresentation of women leaders in organizations. Hence, this study proposes actionable strategies designed to achieve equality in workplaces.

Originality/value

This paper offers unique contribution by presenting 14 practical strategies geared towards gender equality in workplace, which can be adopted by organizations to foster an inclusive work culture.
‘Evangelical Gitanos are a good catch’: masculinity, churches, and roneos★
Authors: Montañés Jiménez Antonio
Published: November 2024

This article explores Christian principles, imagery, and ideas shaping the (re)making of masculine ideals, behaviour, and identities among Pentecostal Gitanos in Spain. Scholarship on Pentecostal masculinities emphasizes that in cultural settings dominated by ‘macho’ and other chauvinistic principles, men find it challenging to comply with Pentecostal standards of manhood, and those who do convert often lose standing before non‐converted men as they are accorded an aura of effeminacy. Whereas many converted Gitanos struggle to meet Pentecostal moral standards too, Gitano believers attempt to reform their masculinity following dominant and highly valued ethnic ideals. The connection between masculine pathways of conversion, moral/spiritual commitment, and cultural prestige has significant implications for the ways in which Gitano male believers are perceived and appreciated as potential partners in Gitano cultural and communitarian milieus. The article argues that Pentecostal Christianity's gendered ideas about how men should behave defines ideals of masculinity, ethical expectations, and couple‐making practices among Gitano communities. The article also provides an ethnographic account of the mechanisms involved in generating, reproducing, and sustaining discursive, social, and communitarian frameworks and courting practices (known as roneos) in which Pentecostal Gitano ideals and aspirations about manhood become meaningful and appealing.
Solid‐state fermentation: Bioconversions and impacts on bioactive and nutritional compounds in oats
Authors: Green Stella , Eyres Graham T. , Agyei Dominic , Kebede Biniam
Published: November 2024

The nutritional value of oats can be enhanced through solid‐state fermentation (SSF) to release otherwise tightly bound, inaccessible nutrients and bioactives. Extensive research has shown that SSF can liberate bioactive compounds from oats, such as phenolic compounds and peptides through modification of the microstructure. Studies also demonstrate that SSF enhances the bioactive properties of oats, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory. Additionally, SSF can modify the macronutrient and antinutritional components of oat substrates. In particular, the protein fraction can be enriched by SSF with filamentous fungi due to the inherently proteinous nature of their mycelium. Most SSF microorganisms can also reduce the antinutritional compounds in oats like tannins and phytic acid. Despite the breadth of SSF research for oat substrates, no review exists for oat specifically and more generally, and no review exists considering bioactive and nutritional aspects together. This review extensively discussed these facets. Future research avenues are explored and should provide insight into the microstructural modification of oats as a function of different fermentation conditions by leveraging advancements in imaging. Mechanistic and quantitative insight into how these structural changes and biotransformations influence the release of bioactive compounds (including the dynamic digestion process) should be explored. The molecular mechanism by which specific SSFed oat bioactive compounds (phenols and peptides) confer their biological effects requires further development. Combining analysis of the macronutrient and bioactive properties of solid‐state‐fermented oat substrates provides a more detailed picture of the overall nutritional value and health implications of solid‐state fermented oat products.
Chronic postsurgical pain following gastrointestinal surgery – A scoping review
Authors: Rosendahl Amalie , Barsøe Ida Marie , Ott Veronica , Brandstrup Birgitte , Thomsen Thordis , Møller Ann Merete
Published: November 2024

Background

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) has a great impact on quality of life and socioeconomic status. The mechanisms behind CPSP remain poorly understood, however type of surgical intervention seems to play a role. Gastrointestinal surgeries are common procedures, yet research in CPSP following gastrointestinal surgery is limited. The objective of this scoping review was to map the current literature on CPSP following gastrointestinal surgery, identifying how CPSP have been investigated, and which evidence gaps exist.

Methods

This scoping review followed a pre‐published protocol and PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. A search was carried out in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Clinicaltrials.Gov, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were original studies involving adults, undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, who had a pain assessment ≥30 days postoperatively. A two‐phase screening process and data charting were done by two independent reviewers.

Results

A total of 53 studies were included, published between 2001 and 2024, predominantly across Europe and Asia. The range of CPSP prevalence reported was 3.3%–46.1%. Only half the studies clearly defined CPSP, and the timing and manner of pain assessment varied considerably. Twenty‐seven studies assessed risk factors for developing CPSP: preoperative pain and acute postoperative pain were consistently significant.

Conclusions

There was a wide consensus on CPSPs' negative impact on quality of life. CPSP following gastrointestinal surgery is prevalent and significantly impacts quality of life. Standardized definitions and methodologies to improve the comparability and reliability of the findings across studies are needed. Future research should focus on CPSP following specific surgical procedures to develop tailored prevention and treatment strategies.
Incremental yield of prenatal exome sequencing in fetuses with skeletal system abnormalities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yan , Lv Yuan , Yao Jia , Ding Hao , Li Gang , Li Jianmin , Chen Lizhu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Fetal skeletal abnormalities can be caused by various factors and genetic cause plays an important role. Prenatal exome sequencing (ES) has been shown to be a powerful approach for accurate prenatal molecular diagnoses. Diagnostic yield of ES in fetal skeletal abnormalities varies significantly across studies. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis to assess the incremental yield of ES in fetuses with different kinds of skeletal abnormalities and a negative result on chromosome microarray or karyotyping.

Material and Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched up to November 26, 2022. Relevant data were collected from observational studies containing five or more cases of skeletal abnormalities who underwent ES. The incremental yield of ES was evaluated by single proportion analysis and 95% confidence interval (CI), both according to the article features and individual phenotypes. This study was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42022382800.

Results

Twenty‐six studies including 524 individuals met the inclusion criteria. The pooled incremental yield was 60.2% (95% CI, 53.4%–66.9%) for all fetuses with skeletal abnormalities. In subgroup analysis, the additional diagnostic yield was 83.9% (95% CI, 76.4%–90.4%) in isolated dysplasia cases (group I), 52.0% (95% CI, 32.9%–70.9%) in dysplasia with non‐skeletal abnormalities cases (group II), 33.3% (95% CI, 19.3%–48.6%) in isolate dysostoses cases (group III), 47.8% (95 % CI, 35.8%–60.0%) in dysostoses with non‐skeletal abnormalities cases (group IV), 83.0% (95% CI, 63.7%–97.1%) in combination of the two phenotypes without non‐skeletal abnormalities cases (group V), 74.5% (95% CI, 54.9%–90.9%) in combination of the two phenotypes with non‐skeletal abnormalities cases (group VI). The origin of the pathogenic variations differed among the groups. Most causative variants were de novo in groups I (97/133, 72.9%), V (14/23, 60.9%), and VI (15/26, 57.7%). Meanwhile, pathogenic variations in III (18/25, 72.0%) and IV (37/67, 55.2%) were more often inherited from a parent.

Conclusions

ES had a favorable incremental yield in fetuses with skeletal abnormalities. The common pathogenic variations and genetic patterns of skeletal abnormalities vary among different subtypes. Interpreting this difference is beneficial for personalized clinical consultation.