bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El impacto de la crisis económica en nuestras dos constituciones
Authors: García Roca Javier , Martínez Lago Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo recoge el texto de la conferencia pronunciada por Javier GARCÍA ROCA en el Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales el 30 de enero de 2014. Aquel compromiso sirvió para exponer las principales tesis de nuestra monografía: Estabilidad presupuestaria y consagración del freno constitucional al endeudamiento (Civitas- Thomson Reuters, 2013). Por eso decidimos que este artículo viniera firmado por ambos autores. Ahora tratamos de propiciar la discusión sobre la transformación que la crisis económica está dejando en problemas que ya teníamos desde hace tiempo y que han empeorado y aflorado prácticamente a la vez, después de treinta y cinco años de desarrollo constitucional. La crisis ha introducido en el Derecho de la Unión Europea y en nuestro ordenamiento interno —con la reforma del artículo 135 de la Constitución— un reforzado principio de estabilidad presupuestaria, una verdadera prohibición de rango constitucional. A nivel europeo asistimos a un lugar constitucional material, que es donde se encuentran las decisiones políticas básicas y supremas respecto de la economía. Y a nivel interno se hace urgente emprender una reforma constitucional como mecanismo de defensa de la Constitución, con el fin de evitar el apagón del circuito democrático representativo.

This paper presents the text of the conference pronounced by Javier García Roca at the Center of Political and Constitutional Studies, on January 30, 2014. That commitment served to expose the main thesis of our essay: Budgetary stability and constitutional consecration of debt brake (Civitas-Thomson Reuters, 2013). So we decided we both would sign this article. Now we try to stimulate discussion about the transformation of the economic crisis is leaving problems that we had long and have gotten worse and emerged practically at once, after thirty-five years of constitutional development. The crisis has introduced in the law of the European Union and in our domestic legislation —with the reform of Article 135 of the Constitution—a stronger principle of budget stability, a true constitutional prohibition. At European level, we are witnessing a material constitutional place, that is where there are the basic and supreme political decisions about the economy. And at the domestic level it is urgent to undertake a constitutional reform, as a defense of the Constitution, in order to avoid the blackout of the representative democratic system.
Desarrollo e incidencia de las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil en Chihuahua, México
Authors: Sarabia Ríos Cecilia , Castillo Viveros Nemesio
Published: September 2018

Las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil en Chihuahua han desarrollado un proceso de reflexión e innovación en cuanto a estrategias de participación en el espacio público y en el posicionamiento de sus demandas sociales en la agenda oficial. En esta investigación, se analiza el origen y los cambios provocados por la implementación de las políticas económicas neoliberales en México y su correspondencia con los registrados en la relación entre el Estado y la sociedad civil, en particular, con sus organizaciones. Se expone el caso del Plan Estratégico de Juárez como ejemplo emblemático en los procesos de adaptación, innovación e incidencia en la toma de decisiones, y se argumenta a favor de una lógica de adaptación y resistencia ante las políticas neoliberales del Estado Mexicano, a través de la definición, negociación y renegociación con sus instituciones.Palabras clave: Neoliberalismo y Sociedad civil, y Organizaciones Development and incidence of Civil Society Organizations in Chihuahua, MexicoSummaryThe Civil Society Organizations in Chihuahua have developed a process of reflection and innovation regarding strategies of participation in the public space and the positioning of their social demands in the official agenda. In this research, we analyze the origin and changes caused by the implementation of neoliberal economic policies in Mexico and their correspondence with those registered in the relationship between the State and civil society, in particular, with their organizations. The case of the Juarez Strategic Plan is presented as an emblematic example in the processes of adaptation, innovation and incidence in decision-making, and it is argued in favor of a logic of adaptation and resistance to the neoliberal policies of the Mexican State, through the definition, negotiation and renegotiation with its institutions.Keywords: Neoliberalism and Civil society, and Organizations Développement et impact des organisations de la société civile à Chihuahua, MexiqueRésuméLes organisations de la société civile à Chihuahua ont développé un processus de réflexion et d’innovation à propos des stratégies de participation dans l’espace public et du positionnement de leurs demandes sociales dans l’agenda officielle. Dans cette recherche, nous analysons l’origine et les changements provoqués par la mise en œuvre des politiques économiques néolibérales au Mexique et leur corrélation avec ceux observés dans la relation entre l’Etat et la société civile, en particulier avec ses organisations. Nous présentons le cas du Plan Stratégique de Juárez en tant qu’exemple emblématique des processus d’adaptation, d’innovation et d’impact dans la prise de décision et nous argumentons en faveur d’une logique d’adaptation et de résistance face aux politiques néolibérales de l’Etat mexicain, au travers de la définition, négociation et renégociation avec ses institutions.Mots-clés: Néolibéralisme, Société civile, Organisations
Escalante Golzalbo, Fernando (2012). El crimen como realidad y representación. Contribución para una historia del presente
Authors: Barojas Sánchez Josefina
Published: September 2018

Fernando Escalante ofrece un análisis detallado de los discursos que se construyen socialmente acerca del crimen, es decir, de cómo éstos se han instituido y circulan en la colectividad. A grandes rasgos, la obra conduce a la reflexión con respecto al papel de las instituciones encargadas de la seguridad, y sobre el Estado mexicano y su funcionamiento.Escalante Golzalbo, Fernando (2012). Crime as reality and representation.  Contribution to a history of the presentSummaryFernando Escalante offers a detailed analysis of the discourses that are socially constructed about crime, that is, how these have been introduced and circulated in the community. Broadly speaking, the work leads to the reflection on the role of the institutions in charge of security, and on the Mexican State and its functioning.Escalante Golzalbo, Fernando (2012). Le crime comme réalité et représentation. Contribution pour une histoire du présent RésuméFernando Escalante propose une analyse détaillée des discours qui se construisent socialement sur le crime, c’est-à-dire de comment ils se sont instaurés et circulent dans la collectivité. En synthèse, son travail mène à une réflexion sur le rôle des institutions chargées de la sécurité et sur l’Etat mexicain et son fonctionnement.
Externalidades y cultura vial. Fenómenos en torno al uso del automóvil en Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Authors: García Leyva Alberto
Published: September 2018

Existe una serie de factores que influyen en la planeación urbana de una ciudad; desde las condiciones geográficas, hasta las costumbres de las personas que la habitan. En este artículo, se aborda la problemática del uso del automóvil en una ciudad carente de planeación urbana, como Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Se expone los fenómenos en torno al uso del automóvil y las externalidades negativas que genera: contaminación, demanda de infraestructura y crecimiento urbano expandido, frente a la falta de planeación urbana y de cultura vial que se retroalimentan negativamente. Al término, se plantea medidas para disminuir las afectaciones de dicha problemática en la ciudad. Palabras clave: Comportamiento, Urbanismo, Externalidades, Cultura vial, Uso del automóvilExternalities and road-safety culture. Phenomena about the use of automobiles in XalapaSummaryThere are a number of factors that influence the urban planning of a city; from the geographical conditions, to the customs of the people who inhabit it. In this article, the problem of car use is addressed in a city lacking of urban planning, such as Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. It exposes the phenomena about the use of the automobile and the negative externalities it generates: pollution, infrastructure demand and expanded urban growth, before the lack of urban planning and road-safety culture that feed each other negatively. At the end, measures are proposed to reduce the effects of this problem in the city.Keywords: Behavior, Urbanism, Externalities, Road-safety culture, Car useExternalités et culture automobile. Phénomènes autour de l’usage de l’automobile à XalapaRésuméIl existe une série de facteurs qui influent sur la planification urbaine d’une ville, depuis les conditions géographiques jusqu’aux coutumes des personnes qui l’habitent.  Dans cet article, nous abordons la problématique de l’usage de l’automobile dans une ville qui souffre d’un déficit de planification urbaine, comme c’est le cas de Xalapa, dans l’Etat de Veracruz, au Mexique. Nous analysons les phénomènes autour de l’usage de l’automobile et les externalités négatives qu’il génère: pollution, demande d’infrastructure et expansion de la croissance urbaine, face au déficit de planification urbaine et de culture automobile qui se combinent négativement. Finalement, nous envisageons des mesures pour diminuer les dégâts causés par cette problématique dans la ville.Mots-clés: Comportement, Urbanisme, Externalités, Culture automobile, Usage de l’automobile
La acción colectiva feminista. ¿De la lucha de clases a la lucha de géneros? El caso Ni Una Menos
Authors: Castro Riaño Luis Carlos
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se propone una explicación factible de los movimientos sociales contemporáneos, considerando la acción colectiva feminista del caso argentino “Ni Una Menos” y cuatro componentes visibles en ella: el estructural, el político, el estratégico y el cultural. Para ello, se incorpora perspectivas de diferentes teorías sobre la movilización social; se revisa los postulados centrales del feminismo materialista francés, la teoría queer y el feminismo decolonial, y se reflexiona sobre las estrategias de la movilización, los repertorios de acción y los marcos de la movilización, con énfasis en las gramáticas de la vida pública implementadas en tales marcos. El texto tiene el objetivo de reforzar el vínculo entre la comprensión y la práctica de la protesta social.Palabras clave: Movimientos sociales, Acción colectiva, Esquemas de interpretación, Gramáticas de la vida pública  Feminist collective action. From the class struggle to the gender struggle? The case Ni una menosSummaryIn this article a feasible explanation of contemporary social movements is proposed, considering the feminist collective action of the Argentine case "Ni Una Menos" and four visible components in it: the structural, the political, the strategic and the cultural. For this, perspectives of different theories on social mobilization are incorporated; the central postulates of French materialist feminism, the queer theory and decolonial feminism are reviewed, and the strategies of mobilization, action repertoires and mobilization frameworks are explored, with emphasis on the grammars of public life implemented in such frames. The text aims to strengthen the link between understanding and the practice of social protest.Keywords: Social movements, Collective action, Schemes of interpretation, Grammar of public life. L’action collective féministe. De la lutte des classes à la lutte des genres? Le cas de Ni una Menos RésuméDans cet article, nous proposons une explication viable des mouvements sociaux contemporains, en considérant l’action collective féministe du cas argentin “Ni una menos” et quatre composants visibles en elle: le structurel, le politique, le stratégique et le culturel. Pour cela, nous incorporons les perspectives de différentes théories sur la mobilisation sociale; nous révisons les postulats centraux du féminisme matérialiste français, la théorie queer et le féminisme décolonial et nous réfléchissons sur les stratégies de mobilisation, les registres d’action et les cadres de la mobilisation, avec une emphase sur les grammaires de la vie publique mises en œuvre dans ces cadres. Le texte a pour objectif de renforcer le lien entre la compréhension et la pratique de la protestation sociale.Mots-clés: Mouvements sociaux, Action collective, Schémas d’interprétation, Grammaires de la vie publique
La antropología relacional, una posibilidad epistemológica
Authors: Galán Castro Erick Alfonso
Published: September 2018

El objetivo del artículo es exponer y poner a debate el giro relacional de las ciencias sociales como alternativa teórico-metodológica para entender la realidad actual, donde las barreras físico-geográficas y los grupos sociales no tocados por la civilización moderna son, en lo general, inexistentes. La perspectiva relacional antropológica propone que el objeto de estudios empíricos y reflexiones teóricas se sitúe en torno a relaciones sociales, definidas como referencias simbólicas, organizativas y pragmáticas, desde las cuales los actores sociales pueden generar o actualizar sus vínculos.  Palabras clave: Antropología, Realismo Crítico, Enfoque Relacional Relational anthropology, an epistemological possibilitySummaryThe objective of the article is to expose and put into debate the relational turn of the social sciences as a theoretical-methodological alternative to understand the current reality, where physical-geographical barriers and social groups not touched by modern civilization are, in general, nonexistent The anthropological relational perspective proposes that the object of empirical studies and theoretical reflections be placed around social relations, defined as symbolic, organizational and pragmatic references, from which social actors can generate or update their links.Keywords: Anthropology, Critical realism, Relational approach. L’anthropologie relationnelle, une possibilité épistémologiqueRésuméL’objectif de l’article est d’exposer et de mettre en débat le tournant relationnel des sciences sociales comme une alternative théorico-méthodologique pour comprendre la réalité actuelle, puisque les barrières physico-géographiques et les groupes sociaux non touchés par la civilisation moderne y sont, en général, inexistants. La perspective relationnelle anthropologique propose que l’objet des études empiriques et des réflexions théoriques verse sur les relations sociales, définies comme des références symboliques, organisatrices et pragmatiques, depuis lesquelles les acteurs peuvent générer ou actualiser leurs liens.Mots-clés: Anthropologie, Réalisme critique, Optique relationnelle
PEMANFAATAN RUANG TERBUKA PUBLIK OLEH PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI KAWASAN ALUN KAPUAS, KOTA PONTIANAK
Authors: . Uzhma
Published: September 2018

Peningkatan jumlah penggunaan Alun Kapuas ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya jumlah pedagang kaki lima. Hal ini berdampak ketidakteraturan penggunaan Alun Kapuas yang sudah direncanakan oleh Pemda setempat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memahami konsep pemikiran tentang pemanfaatan ruang terbuka publik oleh pedagang kaki lima di Alun Kapuas Kota Pontianak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa pemanfaatan ruang di Alun Kapuas oleh pedagang kaki lima berdasarkan pada konsep siapẻdulo, waktu turon, perobahan nẻmpatkan, sewẻtempat, pẻngatoran, syarat-syarat dan nyadar sorang. Hasil penelitian dapat dimanfaatkan untuk merumuskan penataan lingkungan Alun Kapuas. Kata kunci : Alun Kapuas, Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Publik, Pedagang Kaki Lima.
DIFERENÇA QUALITATIVA ENTRE RESPONSABILDADE CIVIL, PENAL E ADMINISTRATIVA E O ART. 6 DA LEI ANTICORRUPÇÃO.
Authors: Aguiar André Amaral de
Published: September 2018

RESUMO: Sustenta-se a existência de uma diferença qualitativa entre as responsabilidades civil, penal e administrativa, voltando-se a primeira à reparação do dano e as duas últimas à aplicação de sanção ao infrator da ordem jurídica. Advoga-se a existência de uma diferença qualitativa também entre a responsabilidade penal e administrativa com base no princípio da subsidiariedade do direito penal, o que pode resolver diversos problemas de interpretação no direito positivo nacional, em especial a natureza jurídica das penas previstas no artigo 6 da Lei Anticorrupção.
Fluorescence Enhancement of a Microbial Rhodopsin via Electronic Reprogramming
Authors: Agathangelou Damianos , Orozco-González Yoelvis , Valentini Alessio , Kato Yoshitaka , Abe-Yoshizumi Rei , Kandori Hideki , Choi Ahreum , Jung Kwang-Hwan , Haacke Stefan
Published: September 2018

The manuscript reports on two mutations of the photo-sensory protein Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin and how these mutations modify the fluorescence quantum yield with respect to the wild-type protein. Experimental results are presented and explained theoretically on the basis of mixing of the S1 and S2 excited states. This mixing modulated by electrostatic and steric effects, tunes the excited state potential energy surface, and thereby the excited state lifetime and the fluorescence quantum yield.
Ontario Kraliyet Müzesi’nde Sergilenen Edessa Kökenli Bir Grup Mozaik Pano
Authors: ŞAHİN Derya , ÜNSAL Nur Deniz
Published: September 2018

Çalışmanın konusunu, Toronto kenti Ontario Kraliyet Müzesi’nde sergilenen ve Edessa (Şanlıurfa) kökenli olduğunu düşündüğümüz mozaik döşemeler oluşturmaktadır. Sözü edilen üç mozaikten ilki “Genç Kız Mozaiği” olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Bu mozaik, Edessa kentine has kaya mezarlarında bulunan ve yerel üretim özellikleri gösteren mozaik döşemelere çok benzemektedir. İkinci mozaik panonun üzerinde yer alan Artemis betimi, Haleplibahçe Mozaikleriyle çağdaş tasarım özellikleri yansıtmaktadır. Makale kapsamında incelenen son pa-noda ise aslan figürü betimlenmiştir. Aslan figürünün temel özellikleri, Edessa yerel mozaik atölyesi özelliklerini yansıtmaktadır.Yukarıda bahsi geçen opus tessellatum döşemelerden ikisi yani Genç Kız Mozaiği ve Aslan Mozaiği, İS 3. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine, Artemis Mozaiği ise İS 6. yüzyılın başlarına tarihlenmekte ve stil ile teknik özelliklerinden hareketle Edessa’ya lokalize edilmektedir.
Restoring what? The practice, promise and perils of restorative justice in New Zealand
Authors: Marshall Chris
Published: September 2018

In the opening pages of his recent book Crime, Punishment, and Restorative Justice, American author Ross London tells of what prompted him to embark on the journey of discovery that led to the writing of the book. After more than 25 years of professional involvement in the criminal justice system as an attorney, a public defender and a municipal judge, London found himself asking the question: ‘Is this the best we can do?’
What has New Zealand’s retirement policy framework to offer the international debate?
Authors: St John Susan
Published: September 2018

New Zealanders don’t realise that they are regularly regarded in other countries as world leaders, not just in sport. Inaugural New Zealander of the year in 2010, Ray Avery, points to the ‘never say it can’t be done’ attitude that has produced many astonishing results in science. In social policy too we have often been ahead of world thinking. One very under-trumpeted innovation is our retirement incomes policy, which, along with ACC, is unique on the world stage.
Age discrimination in the workplace
Authors: Davey Judith
Published: September 2018

Age discrimination is often cited as a barrier to participation in work by older people, and the workplace provides the most common grounds for complaints of this nature. Age discrimination predominantly affects older rather than younger groups (although the latter are not exempt), and is often based on myths and stereotyped attitudes about older people and older workers which can be easily refuted (Davey, 2007; Alpass and Mortimer, 2007; Gray and McGregor, 2003). Age discrimination as an issue in the workplace is not new. It was well documented in Janice Burns’ literature review on mature workers for the Department of Work and Income in 2001 (Burns, 2001) and by Justina Murray in her review of age discrimination in employment, commissioned by the New Zealand Human Rights Commission in 2002 (Murray, 2002). In 2006 the EEO Trust’s Work and Age Survey Report showed that 31% of respondents had experienced age discrimination at work (EEO Trust, 2006).
Labour force participation and well-being among older New Zealanders
Authors: Cameron Michael P , Roskruge Matthew
Published: September 2018

The population of New Zealand, along with those of other developed countries, is ageing rapidly. The rate of population ageing is unprecedented, with the number of New Zealanders aged 65 years and over projected to increase from 553,000 in 2009 to 1.07 million in 2031, and to 1.44 million in 2061 (Statistics New Zealand, 2010). Importantly, the ratio of those aged 65 years and over to those aged 15–64 is projected to increase from 0.19 (older people per person aged 15–64) in 2009 to 0.34 in 2031 and to 0.43 in 2061. This more than doubling of the ratio of older people to those in the prime working and income-earning ages represents a dramatic demographic shift which has implications for New Zealand.
Adapting to an ageing society: the need for cultural change
Authors: Biggs Simon
Published: September 2018

In 2050 the global population aged over 60 will reach two billion, making this age group three times larger than it was in 2000. This is a challenge that is facing both mature and emerging economies. The debate on the future shape of a long life is one that is critical to social development in the 21st century and is increasingly exercising the minds of policy makers throughout the world. The World Economic Forum global risks group has now identified population ageing as one of the five top issues facing the world community in terms of material provision (Beard et al., 2012).
The Lobbying Disclosure Bill and the case for greater transparency in New Zealand
Authors: Walker Holly
Published: September 2018

The Green Party has championed honest politics in New Zealand for many years. The party has always been committed to open and transparent government, and has taken steps in the past to advance this, including by proactively disclosing our MPs’ expenses and by fighting for electoral finance laws to be cleaned up. Greater transparency about lobbying is another step towards this goal of honest politics and more open government.
Regulatory coherence: blending trade and regulatory policy
Authors: Mumford Peter
Published: September 2018

Regulatory coherence has over the past four years become a term of art for domestic regulatory systems which interface seamlessly with the systems of other countries. And yet a precise or at least agreed definition remains elusive and descriptions often confuse ends and means. This article sets out to provide greater clarity, and in doing so illustrates that regulatory coherence can be thought of as both an ‘end’ (regulation that supports international trade and investment) and a ‘means’ (good regulatory practice). The adoption by countries of regulatory coherence objectives and practices increasingly blends trade and domestic regulatory policy.
Improving the implementation of regulation: time for a systemic approach
Authors: Manch Keith
Published: September 2018

The importance of an ‘efficient and effective regulatory environment’ (Offices of the Ministers of Finance and Regulatory Reform, 2013) has never been more prominent in New Zealand than it is at the present time. The New Zealand Productivity Commission’s Regulatory Institutions and Practices report, which is both a product of and contributor to this enhanced prominence, noted that there is growing interest in regulation in New Zealand stemming from the increased importance of individual freedoms and human rights, the growing awareness of the impacts of both good and bad regulation, the way government now organises itself to provide services and implement policy, and the diversity of society and its range of attitudes to risk and expectations about government’s actions (New Zealand Productivity Commission, 2014, overview, p.1).
Emerging regulatory issues: intellectual property and global value chains
Authors: Frankel Susy
Published: September 2018

Intellectual property includes several areas of regulation which govern access to and uses of knowledge, information and technology. In addition to having many cultural and social benefits, knowledge, information and technology are key building blocks of an innovative economy. The central and perpetual challenge of intellectual property law and policy is to ensure that there are both adequate incentives for innovators and creators to generate these building blocks, and that those incentives do not overreach so as, in fact, to inhibit innovation. This description, however, no longer tells the whole intellectual property story. This article discusses the emergence through trade and investment agreements of a changed approach to the objectives of intellectual property protection, and the challenges that approach presents for knowledge-based and innovation development of New Zealand interests.
A response to Mark Unsworth: cui bono?
Authors: New Zealand Transparency International
Published: September 2018

In the November 2014 issue of Policy Quarterly Mark Unsworth, a partner at Saunders Unsworth, a lobbying and public policy consultancy, asks the question: was the Lobbying Disclosure Bill a solution to a problem that does not exist? He then states: ‘Apart from the Green Party and some in academia, this was never a burning issue in NZ ...their strongest argument seems to be that NZ needs it because other countries have it.’ In support of this assertion he very selectively cites one of the conclusions from Transparency International New Zealand’s 2013 National Integrity System Assessment, to the effect that NZ’s national integrity system remains fundamentally strong, and that by international standards there is very little corruption in NZ.
Is active intervention still needed to improve the position of women in the New Zealand labour market
Authors: Hyman Prue
Published: September 2018

Substantial differences in employment and occupation patterns, levels of seniority and earnings between men and women remain in the New Zealand labour market despite considerable narrowing of the gaps favouring men. The extent, if any, to which remaining differences amount to discrimination is controversial. Interpretations vary along many dimensions, including political persuasion. With women’s educational achievements having surpassed those of men on many measures, such as the proportion of those gaining a first degree, some argue that equal employment opportunity (EEO) has been achieved and discrimination against women no longer exists. However, feminist economists show how economic systems and policies still involve substantial gender inequities, with indirect discrimination common inside and outside the labour market, together with greater constraints on women’s choices.
Global development in the twenty-first century
Authors: Garnaut Ross
Published: September 2018

Frank Holmes was a New Zealand leader of what my recent book, Dog Days: Australia after the Boom, calls the independent centre of the polity. He saw great value in careful and transparent analysis of the public interest, separate from any vested or partisan political interest. The success of public policy in any democracy in these troubled times depends on the strength of a strong independent centre.
Protecting the rights of future generations: are constitutional mechanisms an answer
Authors: Boston Jonathan , Stuart Thomas
Published: September 2018

In recent decades, concern has been mounting over whether democratic governments have the necessary incentives and capabilities to protect the long-term interests of their citizens, particularly their future citizens. Both the academic literature on governance and everyday political discourse are replete with talk of ‘short-termism’, ‘political myopia’, ‘policy short-sightedness’, a ‘presentist bias’ and weak ‘anticipatory governance. Such concerns have been intensified by the growing capacity of humanity to cause ‘severe, pervasive and irreversible’ damage to critical biophysical systems at a planetary level, for example via anthropogenic climate change3. But flawed environmental stewardship is not the only problem.
Reflections on the Budget 2015 Child Hardship Package
Authors: St John Susan
Published: September 2018

The 2015 Budget contained benefit rate increases for beneficiaries with children and some minor adjustments  to work-based child-related tax credits. The significance of these increases when other policies are taken into account suggests a reshuffling of money in which much of the distributional effect will be minimal and offset. For children it resembles the ambulance at the bottom of the cliff rather than a structural review of child-related income policies that might be reformist, preventative and inclusive. The cost to society is more complexity in the benefit system and a cementing in of reliance on work-related child tax credits that have unproven worth either in incentivising work or in reducing child poverty. A rational policy-making approach with the clear aim of child poverty reduction, measurable outcomes, agreed criteria and a process for evaluation might have suggested that a different policy direction was more appropriate and more likely to be effective.
Has Budget 2015 solved child poverty?
Authors: Wills Russell
Published: September 2018

The New Zealand public spoke and the pollsters listened: child poverty consistently ranks among the top concerns of New Zealanders  (Levine, 2014). And the prime minister listened too. In September 2014, after securing a healthy election victory, he proclaimed that he was going to step  in and tackle child poverty (Fox, 2014). The policy analysts  in a range of government agencies were set a task: come up with a package for Budget 2015 that helps children in poverty, that doesn’t cost too much and that won’t reduce the incentive to work. This article will demonstrate that the policy analysts did the best they could with the brief they were given.
Education is for everyone unless you are special
Authors: Tiso Giovanni , Stace Hilary
Published: September 2018

When meeting with the parents of a prospective student with a learning disability or other impairments, a school principal has a range of options. If the child comes from outside the school’s zone, they can refuse admission outright, or make it subject to the school’s special enrolment conditions. Otherwise, the Education Act 1989 gives disabled children the same access to compulsory education as others. The question then becomes: how inclusive should the school be? A school not wishing to burden itself with children with disabilities can adopt a soft approach. The principal can, for instance, be less than totally welcoming at the pre-enrolment interview, or complain about the lack of funding, or praise the great work that the school down the road does in this area, or point to a drab, uninviting special room. Parents of children with special needs are quick to pick up on these signals and will look elsewhere.
Watching the birth of the regulatory profession
Authors: Manch Keith , Mumford Peter , Raj Sanjai , Wauchop Ben
Published: September 2018

Several decisions have been taken over the past few months that aim to professionalise the regulatory community in New Zealand. A professional regulatory community is increasingly regarded as essential to achieving social, environmental and economic outcomes sought by New Zealanders, and is one of the fundamental planks in New Zealand’s regulatory quality management system. It is not possible to attribute this development to a single cause; nor is it a ‘revelation’, as dedicated regulatory professionals from a range of agencies have built the foundations over a long period of time. Contextual factors include the impact of ideas of international experts such as Sparrow, Black and Braithwaite, government policies that have stressed the need for better regulation and governance, and the lessons that have been learned from regulatory failures.
Unnatural divides: species protection in a fragmented legal landscape
Authors: Wallace Pip
Published: September 2018

Human use and development reshapes land, reconstitutes water, consumes space and natural resources and alters faunal compositions. This presents significant challenges to policy makers and wildlife conservation managers mandated to maintain and enhance biological diversity. In New Zealand a sizeable public conservation estate (approximately one third of the land area) buffers these inroads; however, limitations in terms of the representativeness and extent of the estate.
Reinvigorating the vision: conservation boards’ role in 21st-century nature conservation
Authors: Cheyne Christine
Published: September 2018

Public and stakeholder involvement in nature conservation through conservation boards has been a distinctive feature of New Zealand’s statutory framework for conservation, put in place in 1987. Since their inception, effective boards established for the purpose of ensuring that conservation stakeholders’ voices inform conservation planning have been regarded, at least in official discourse, as a key mechanism for achieving conservation outcomes. They replaced the existing national parks boards and, like their parent body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority, were intended to focus on the entire conservation estate.
What is the civics and media project?
Authors: Boston Jonathan
Published: September 2018

The Civics and Media Project examined the following question: How do we ensure we have a well-informed and civically engaged population in 2030? Convened by Victoria University of Wellington, the University of Auckland, NZ On Air, the Royal Society of New Zealand, the McGuinness Institute and the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, three workshops were held in Auckland and Wellington in late 2015. Participants represented media, government, academia, education and the wider community.
Cīvitās: aligning technological and sociological transformation
Authors: McGuinness Wendy , Hett Sally
Published: September 2018

The Latin word, cīvis, which, according to the Oxford Latin Dictionary, has the primary meaning ‘a fellow citizen, fellow countryman’ and the secondary meaning ‘a citizen, countryman, considered in his relationship to the state’. The nature of that state is aptly described by the word cīvitās, which means not only ‘an organized community … to which one belongs as a citizen’, but also ‘the rights of a citizen, citizenship; … the gift of citizenship to single persons’ (Glare, 1983, p.330). In their semantic travels and transformations through Latin, Old French, Anglo-French and Middle English, cīvis and cīvitās have reached modern English in an abundance of forms, including ‘civic’, ‘civil’, ‘civilian’, ‘city’ and, of course, ‘citizen’ (Simpson and Weiner, 2001, pp.249-56).
Why (not) political philosophy?
Authors: Bromell David
Published: September 2018

Why political philosophy? Why do I read it, teach it and encourage others to engage in it? Simply, because I am driven to it by my practice as a public servant. I have spent a great deal of my working life in meetings where we discuss, decide or make judgements about public policy. I notice how often we express or imply ‘big ideas’ in our discussions with one another, but mostly in an unthinking (even unconscious) way. So we skate over confusions and contradictions in our own and others’ thought and too frequently talk past each other.
Making Social Services Work for Everyone: a summary of the recent Productivity Commission inquiry
Authors: Heatley Dave
Published: September 2018

Social services are those dedicated to enhancing people’s economic and social well-being by helping them lead more stable, healthy, self-sufficient and fulfilling lives. New Zealand’s social services – specifically, those provided, funded or otherwise supported by government – were the subject of a recent New Zealand Productivity Commission inquiry (Box 1). The commission’s final report is wide-ranging, covering subjects from service commissioning to purchasing and contracting, programme evaluation, institutional design and system stewardship. The report’s recommendations on many of these topics reflect standard social policy principles and may hold few surprises for readers of Policy Quarterly.
Implications of climate change for New Zealand’s natural hazards risk management
Authors: Lawrence Judy
Published: September 2018

The significant challenge posed for current and future generations by the impacts of climate change (IPCC, 2014) raises questions about whether ‘better government’ is required for adequate responses. Climate change exacerbates current natural hazard risk and creates impacts not experienced before. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded with ‘very high confidence’ that impacts from recent climate extremes reveal significant exposure and vulnerability of human systems to ‘current climate variability’ (IPCC, 2014, p.6). This ‘adaptation deficit’ (IPCC, 2014; Parry et al., 2009) highlights the sensitivity of society and its underpreparedness to change. The concentration of development in low-lying coastal areas and on flood plains that will be increasingly exposed to climate change impacts, such as sea level rise and high-intensity rainfall events, compounds the problem.
Science for policy: the need for a Commission for Science
Authors: Hendy Shaun C
Published: September 2018

There is growing interest in the use of scientific research for informing public policy (Gluckman, 2011). Science has shown itself increasingly able to make predictions of catastrophic harms many decades in advance, as well as suggesting ways in which these harms may be avoided. Scientific methodologies are now also being drawn on in many other areas of policy. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) and related statistical and experimental techniques are starting to be used to evaluate the effectiveness of existing policy and to experiment with the development of new policies, for instance (Pearce and Raman, 2014).
A constitutional personality: does the New Zealand public service possess one, and is it in good order?
Authors: Eichbaum Chris
Published: September 2018

On 4 May 2016 the Dominion Post published an editorial, as it is wont to do, on matters it deems of sufficient importance. This editorial was entitled ‘Servants of the people, not govt’. For the purposes of this article it is tempting to reproduce the editorial in its entirety. Typically such pieces are written with an efficiency of expression that generates maximum impact. Such was the case here. The point of departure was an announcement by the government of the appointment of Peter Hughes as the next state services commissioner.
Anticipatory governance: how well is New Zealand safeguarding the future?
Authors: Boston Jonathan
Published: September 2018

Good governance has many attributes. Among these are anticipating tomorrow’s problems, protecting the longterm public interest, and endeavouring to ‘future-proof’ the state (Boston et al., 2014). Sound anticipatory governance, in other words, is a critical ingredient. It is fundamental to advancing better government. But what exactly does it mean? Here are some suggestions.
The Resource Legislation Amendment Bill, the Productivity Commission Report and the future of Planning for the Environment in New Zealand
Authors: Palmer QC Sir Geoffrey
Published: September 2018

Let us begin with the proposition that there is much in the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) that needs to be fixed. How that cure is to be effected is not widely agreed. Indeed, the policy surrounding the Resource Management Act at present seems confused. We need to stop and ask, what are we trying to do in this space? I shall in this address try to unravel the issues. Being a planner in this febrile policy context must have its challenges.
Local councils and public consultation: extending the reach of democracy
Authors: Ombler Jenny , Russell Marie , Rivera-Munoz Graciela
Published: September 2018

This article considers public consultation in the context of New Zealand local government. Although by international standards New Zealand possesses a rich culture of citizen engagement and public consultation (OECD, 2015), the quality of consultation presents itself as a problem to local government, as their efforts have often been perceived as unsatisfactory.
Local authority turnout: what’s the story?
Authors: Reid Mike
Published: September 2018

While the recent local authority elections attracted their fair share of media headlines, the dominant narrative, as in previous elections, was one of declining turnout and whether or not local government has a future. Little was heard about the nature of the role councils play in their towns, cities and regions, or about the future challenges facing communities and how candidates were planning to deal with them.
The need for localist reforms
Authors: Krupp Jason
Published: September 2018

Sir Geoffrey Palmer and Andrew Butler recently released their draft constitution for New Zealand, which joins a rich body of work on the subject of constitutional reform. It is in the area of local government that the document departs from much of the literature and the current government’s thinking on this important sector.
Community governance
Authors: McKinlay Peter
Published: September 2018

The theme of this article is current developments in community governance (see, for example, Rolfe, 2016), but it comes with a warning: this is an area where definitions are extremely difficult and it is easy to become distracted by semantics, rather than focused on the substance. Discussion is further complicated by the variety of practice, the many different approaches which can come under the umbrella of community governance, and the formal responsibilities of local government in different jurisdictions: local government in England and Wales has significant social service delivery responsibilities (albeit typically under fairly tight government requirements), but in both Australia and New Zealand local government’s actual involvement in social service delivery is relatively minimal, although Australian local government does have a role in care both of older people and of children, especially in the provision of childcare centres.
Do we underestimate the political strength of New Zealand’s local government?
Authors: Drage Jean
Published: September 2018

The decision to put the Local Government Act 2002 Amendment Bill (No 2) on hold in September 2016 demonstrates clearly the strength that local government has as a unified political voice within our democracy. Early parliamentary support for deliberation on this proposed amendment has now been withdrawn in the face of a strong and determined response from local councils and those who represent them. And while an impending general election year may have tempered the National-led government’s resolve here, one can only wonder what local government could achieve if it worked together as a united political force more often.
The poll provisions and local government reform in Western Australia
Authors: Berry Chris
Published: September 2018

Local government reform is on the agenda of many countries, particularly those with local government systems based on the Anglo-Saxon approach. In many of these jurisdictions, from Wales to the Republic of Ireland, to most of the Australian states and New Zealand, the dominant reform narrative is structural change, and the challenge faced in most of these jurisdictions is how to marry the apparent national interest in creating bigger councils with the desire of citizens to have a say about how their towns and districts are governed; it is a debate that inevitably finds governments’ technical experts at odds with local citizens. The resulting challenge has led to a range of new approaches to structural reform, optimistically designed to meet the needs of both.
Introduction and overview
Authors: Jackson Natalie
Published: September 2018

Since its original formulation in the 1940s (Davis 1945; Notestein 1945), the phenomenon known as ‘the global demographic transition’ has been used to understand the trend of structural population ageing, and with it, the slowing and ultimately the ending of population growth – now anticipated globally around the end of the present century (Lutz, Sanderson & Sherbov 2004). However as originally conceptualised, the theory pertained to ‘closed’ populations, in which the only dynamics were births and deaths. Falling death rates cause populations to first become younger and to grow in size, while falling birth rates eventually cause them to become older, and growth to slow – the increased numbers of survivors at older ages becoming an increased proportion of the population (Coale 1972; Chesnais 1990).
The relative (un)certainty of subnational population decline
Authors: Cameron Michael P.
Published: September 2018

“Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future.” This quote is attributed to Danish physicist and Nobel prize winner Niels Bohr, but the difficulty of making predictions does not stop us from making forecasts of economic, demographic, and other variables. Investors, businesses, policy makers and others use these forecasts to inform their decisions about investments and policy settings where understanding of the future trajectory and levels of costs and benefits are essential. One key example is forecasts of future population. The size and distribution (whether geographic, age, ethnic, or some other distribution) of the future population is a critical input into urban and other planning. Understanding the methods and limitations of forecasts is an important but often underappreciated task for planners and policymakers.
Reviewing principles of governance: branches of government at the global level
Authors: Hassall Graham
Published: September 2018

The articles in this issue of Policy Quarterly explore the challenges facing humanity in the modern age, and the implications they hold for political and legal thought.  The essence of global studies is to explore those implications from a new perspective, a new world view which assumes the existence of a global community – ‘we the peoples’ – whose common interests must be met by the international community of states collaborating together in qualitatively different ways. The thinking, therefore, extends to addressing the concept of global constitutionalism.
The oceans: The Law of the Sea Convention as a form of global governance
Authors: Currie Duncan
Published: September 2018

Life came from the ocean. Without the ocean, life on Earth is not possible. The ocean produces and regulates much of the planet’s oxygen and water, provides substantial amounts of its nutrient and carbon cycling and supports most of its biological diversity. Fish feed over 3 billion humans, supplying 20% of their animal protein intake (FAO, 2016).
Global security: confronting challenges to universal peace
Authors: Clements Kevin P
Published: September 2018

The challenge of peace is complex and intractable. Much depends on the meaning of the concept and the definition of the term. And in that respect much depends on whether a diplomatic-legal or a sociopolitical approach is adopted. The diplomatic-legal approach is enshrined in the United Nations Charter of 1945. The primary goal of the United Nations is to protect future generations from the scourge of war. The charter bestows on the Security Council the primary responsibility for maintaining, or restoring, international peace and security.