bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation Optimization and Experimental Study of the Working Performance of a Vertical Rotary Tiller Based on the Discrete Element Method
Authors: Zhai Shike , Shi Yixin , Zhou Junchi , Liu Jianfei , Huang Defan , Zou Airu , Jiang Ping
Published: November 2022

In order to investigate the mechanism of interaction between a vertical rotary tiller and the soil to obtain the best structural and operational parameters of the tool, improve the operational quality of the rotary tiller, achieve the effect of soil breaking and leveling to meet the agronomic requirements of tillage, a series of simulation tests was conducted through the design of 3D models of rotary tillers with different structural forms and the building of discrete element models of the action between the rotary tiller and the soil. The virtual simulation of different operating parameters and structural parameters of vertical rotary tiller was carried out by EDEM, and the effects of operating parameters, tool bending angle, and cutter installation number on the operating effect were analyzed. The parameter combination with the best operating effect was obtained through orthogonal test analysis and verified by soil trough test. A soil tank test showed that, with the optimal combination of operating and structural parameters, the average soil breaking rate of the vertical rotary tiller was 81.3%, which meets the agronomic requirements of tillage operation, and the actual power consumption was 6% higher than the simulation value, which was sufficiently close to verify the validity of the simulation. This study can lay a foundation for optimization research on the vertical miniature rotary tiller.
Aerodisk Effect on Hypersonic Boundary Layer Transition and Heat Transfer of HIFiRE-5 Vehicle
Authors: Zhao Yatian , Shao Zhiyuan , Liu Hongkang
Published: November 2022

The substantial aerodynamic drag and severe aerothermal loads, which are closely related to boundary layer transition, challenge the design of hypersonic vehicles and could be relieved by active methods aimed at drag and heat flux reduction, such as aerodisk. However, the research of aerodisk effects on transitional flows is still not abundant. Based on the improved k-ω-γ transition model, this study investigates the influence of the aerodisk with various lengths on hypersonic boundary layer transition and surface heat flux distribution over HIFiRE-5 configuration under various angles of attack. Certain meaningful analysis and results are obtained: (i) The existence of aerodisk is found to directly trigger separation-induced transition, moving the transition onset near the centerline upstream and widening the transition region; (ii) The maximum wall heat flux could be effectively reduced by aerodisk up to 52.1% and the maximum surface pressure can even be reduced up to 80.4%. The transition shapes are identical, while the variety of growth rates of intermittency are non-monotonous with the increase in aerodisk length. The dilation of region with high heat flux boundary layer is regarded as an inevitable compromise to reducing maximum heat flux and maximum surface pressure. (iii) With the angle of attack rising, first, the transition is postponed and subsequently advanced on the windward surface, which is in contrast to the continuously extending transition region on the leeward surface. This numerical study aims to explore the effects of aerodisk on hypersonic boundary layer transition, enrich the study of hypersonic flow field characteristics and active thermal protection system considering realistic boundary layer transition, and provide references for the excogitation and utilization of hypersonic vehicle aerodisk.
An Improved Intelligent Control System for Temperature and Humidity in a Pig House
Authors: Jin Hua , Meng Gang , Pan Yuanzhi , Zhang Xing , Wang Changda
Published: November 2022

The temperature and humidity control of a pig house is a complex multivariable control problem. How to keep the temperature and humidity in a pig house within a normal range is the problem to be solved in this paper. The traditional threshold-based environmental control system cannot meet this requirement. In this paper, an intelligent control system of temperature and humidity in a pig house based on machine learning and a fuzzy control algorithm is proposed. We use sensors to collect the temperature and humidity in the pig house and store these data in chronological order. Then, we use these time series data to train the GRU model and then use the GRU model to predict the temperature and humidity change curve in the pig house in the next 24 hours. Finally, the mathematical model of the pig house and related equipment is established, and the output power of the related equipment is calculated based on the prediction results of GRU so as to effectively regulate the indoor temperature and humidity. The experimental results show that compared with the threshold-based environmental control system, our system reduces the abnormal temperature and humidity by about 90%.
Chemical and Biological Properties of Agricultural Soils Located along Communication Routes
Authors: Zawierucha Elżbieta , Skowrońska Monika , Zawierucha Marcin
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of agricultural soils, which accumulate additional amounts of heavy metals from fertilization and modify their bioavailability, with the use of interdependencies between their biological and chemical properties conditioned by the distance from communication routes. Our results indicated that heavy metals had an impact on enzyme activity in soils and their accumulation was significantly related to the distance from the edge of the road, location of sampling sites, date of soil sampling, and years of research. It was found that the greatest amounts of zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper were accumulated at a distance of 5–20 m from the edge of the road. The highest enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index values were recorded for Pb, followed by Zn, Cu, and Cd. Principal component analysis and regression models showed that the activities of phosphatase and dehydrogenases seem to be the best bioindicators of contamination of roadside soils used for agricultural purposes. Since their activity is related to soil’s organic carbon content, inputs of organic fertilizers and crop residues should be ensured in the agroecosystems along roadsides.
Does Belt Uniform Sowing Improve Winter Wheat Yield under High Sowing Density?
Authors: Chen Mei , Zhu Yong-He , Ren Ming-Jian , Jiang Long , He Jin , Dong Rui
Published: November 2022

The belt uniform (BU) sowing pattern can improve the yield of winter wheat, but whether and how the BU sowing pattern can increase yield under different sowing densities is unknown. The field study was conducted in Guiyang (Guizhou province) during the growing season in 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020. Four winter wheat cultivars were used in field experiments to investigate the changes of the dry matter accumulation and partition, yield and yield components at maturity under five sowing densities (75, 150, 225, 300, and 375 plants per m2), and three sowing patterns: line and dense (LD) sowing with 33.3 cm row spacing (LDS); the belt uniform (BU) sowing with 15 cm (BUN), and 20 cm (BUW) row spacing. The BU sowing pattern significantly increases shoot dry matter and grain yield in all four winter wheat cultivars under all five sowing densities and in each growing season, particularly under the high sowing density of 300 and 375 plants m−2. Harvest index was unaffected by the different sowing densities and sowing patterns. While spike number increased, grain weight per spike decreased with the increase in sowing density. The 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike were unaffected by the sowing patterns. The variation in the shoot dry weight can explain 94% variation in grain yield and 66% variation in spike number. Allometric analysis showed that more dry matter was partitioned to the spike than to the stem and leaf. We conclude that the BU sowing pattern can increase grain yield under high sowing densities associated with a high shoot dry matter accumulation and its partition to the spike.
Synthesis of Green Engineered Silver Nanoparticles through Urtica dioica: An Inhibition of Microbes and Alleviation of Cellular and Organismal Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Singh Mahendra P. , Shabir Shabnam , Deopa Aman Singh , Raina Sanchina Raj , Bantun Farkad , Jalal Naif A. , Abdel-razik Noha E. , Jamous Yahya F. , Alhumaidi Maryam S. , Altammar Khadijah A. , Hjazi Ahmed , Singh Sandeep Kumar , Vamanu Emanuel
Published: November 2022

Plant fractions have a diversity of biomolecules that can be used to make complicated reactions for the bioactive fabrication of metal nanoparticles (NPs), in addition to being beneficial as antioxidant medications or dietary supplements. The current study shows that Urtica dioica (UD) and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of UD have antibacterial and antioxidant properties against bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida) and Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R+). According to their ability to scavenge free radicals, DPPH, ABTS, TFC, and TPC initially estimated the antioxidant potential of UD and UD AgNPs. The fabricated AgNPs were analyzed (UV–Vis, FTIR, EDS, and SEM) to determine the functional groups (alcohol, carboxylic acids, phenol, proteins, and aldehydes) and to observe the shape (agglomerated crystalline and rod-shaped structure). The disc diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial properties of synthesized Ag-NPs against E. coli and P. putida. For 24 to 120 h, newly enclosed flies and third instar larvae of Drosophila were treated with UD and UD AgNPs. After exposure, tests for biochemical effects (acetylcholinesterase inhibition and protein estimation assays), cytotoxicity (dye exclusion), and behavioral effects (jumping and climbing assays) were conducted. The results showed that nanoparticles were found to have potent antimicrobial activity against all microbial strains tested at various concentrations. In this regard, ethno-medicinal characteristics exhibit a similar impact in D. melanogaster, showing (p < 0.05) significantly decreased cellular toxicity (trypan blue dye), enhanced biochemical markers (AChE efficacy and proteotoxicity), and improved behavioral patterns in the organism treated with UD AgNPs, especially in comparison to UD extract. The results of this study may help in the utilization of specific plants as reliable sources of natural antioxidants that may have been beneficial in the synthesis of metallic NPs, which aids in the production of nanomedicine and other therapeutic applications.
Parameters of Optokinetic Nystagmus Are Influenced by the Nature of a Visual Stimulus
Authors: Essig Peter , Müller Jonas , Wahl Siegfried
Published: November 2022

Studies on contrast sensitivity (CS) testing using optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) proposed adjusting the stimulus presentation duration based on its contrast, to increase the time efficiency of such measurement. Furthermore, stimulus-specific limits of the least OKN gain might reduce false negatives in OKN detection procedures. Therefore, we aimed to test the effects of various stimulus characteristics on OKN and to propose the stimulus-specific limits for the OKN gain and stimulus presentation duration. We tested the effect of contrast (C), spatial frequency (SF), and color on selected parameters of robust OKN response, namely its onset and offset time, amplitude, and gain. The right eyes of fifteen emmetropes were tracked with an infrared eye tracker during monocular observations of sinusoidal gratings moving over the horizontal plane with a velocity of (21∘/s). The available contrast levels were C: 0.5%, 2.0%, 8.2%, 16.5%, 33.0%, and 55.5% presented in a random order for ten times in all measurements of SF: 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.00 cycles per degree and grating type: luminance, red-green, and blue-yellow. This study showed a significant effect of the stimulus characteristics on the OKN onset, offset and gain. The effect of SF was insignificant in OKN amplitude; however, it indicated significance for the C and grating type. Furthermore, the OKN gain and offset limits were proposed as functions of contrast for the luminance and chromatic gratings. This study concludes the characteristics of a visual stimulus have an effect on the OKN gain and onset and offset time, yet do not affect the eye-movement amplitude considerably. Moreover, the proposed limits are expected to improve the time efficiency and eye-movement detection in OKN-based contrast sensitivity measurements.
Machine Learning Approach for Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Prediction Combining Conventional Risk Factors and Novel Metabolic Indices
Authors: Jallow Amadou Wurry , Bah Adama N. S. , Bah Karamo , Hsu Chien-Yeh , Chu Kuo-Chung
Published: November 2022

Patients at risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) must be identified early and precisely in order to prevent complications, save lives, and limit expenditures for patients and health systems. This study aimed to develop a simple, high-precision machine learning model to identify individuals at risk of developing CKD in the near future, using a novel metabolic index with or without creatinine. This retrospective cohort study used data from the MJ medical record database collected between 2001 and 2015 in Taiwan. We used Cox hazard regression to identify potential predictors, including the novel metabolic index, for use as variables in the models. To develop a machine learning-based CKD risk model with fewer variables, we performed several experimental analyses to combine interacting variables into subsets. Those subsets were used to train three models, random forest, logistic regression, and XGBoost, with or without adding creatinine. The study included 12,189 participants, 20% with and 80% without CKD. The most important conventional predictors of CKD are age and gender. The novel metabolic index, TyG-Index, TG/HDL-ratio and VAI, had stronger predictive power than the conventional risk factors. Without including creatinine data, the XGBoost provided the best predictive performance. After adding creatinine, the performance of all the models was excellent, outperforming both conventional indicators and existing clinical algorithms for CKD. Using novel metabolic index in machine learning-based CKD risk prediction can accurately identify individuals at risk of diagnosis with CKD in the next year, with or without including creatinine.
Recent Trends on UV filters
Authors: Jesus Ana , Augusto Inês , Duarte Joana , Sousa Emília , Cidade Honorina , Cruz Maria T. , Lobo José M. Sousa , Almeida Isabel F.
Published: November 2022

UV filters are the shield ingredients of sunscreens against the negative effects of solar radiation. Since the discovery of the first UV filter, nearly 30 filters have become commercially available. Over the years, innovation and regulatory updates have driven their use by the cosmetic industry. This work aimed to characterize commercial sunscreens and unveil the main trends by analyzing the labels of 444 sunscreen formulations that are currently being marketed. Avobenzone, octocrylene, and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine were the three UV filters with the highest usage frequencies (>40%). Emulsified preparations and sprays were the preferred forms, while the most frequent SPF was 50+. Differences were noted between adult and children’s sunscreens, namely the higher usage of inorganic filters for the latter. Over the past few years, the five most used UV filters remained the same, but octocrylene, ethylhexyl salicylate, and nano methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol had decreased usage. An increasing tendency towards the use of the inorganic UV filter titanium oxide was also observed. Overall, this study characterized the true market impact of approved UV filters and how the market has evolved over recent years. This insight can help pave the way for the design of new UV filters and is helpful for the assessment of environmental risks.
False Positive Identification of Pesticides in Food Using the European Standard Method and LC-MS/MS Determination: Examples and Solutions from Routine Applications
Authors: Tóth Edgár , Bálint Mária , Tölgyesi Ádám
Published: November 2022

The latest standard method for pesticides in food and feed (EN 15662:2018) is now generally used in control laboratories. However, routine analyses of the combination of hundreds of compounds and food matrices highlighted that false positive identification of pesticides in particular food matrices does occur. The aim of the study was to show relevant precedents when thorough investigation was necessary to make a decision on possibly compliant/non-compliant samples. Examples include the pesticide/commodity combination of atrazine-desethyl in date seed coffee, mepanipyrim in parsley root, myclobutanil in white peppercorn, primisulfuron-methyl in herb extract, propham in elderberry, quinoclamine in fennel and tebufenpyrad in dried ginger. These examples, which were presented for the first time, indicated that the identification criteria for some pesticides in certain food matrices, according to the SANTE/11312/2021 guideline, might fail: the general criteria as stable retention time and ion ratio could lead to an incorrect qualification of pesticides. Standard addition was useful not only in compensating for the background during mass spectrometric detection under the confirmatory analysis, but also in the identification process when negligible retention time difference was observed between the analytes and the interfering matrix compounds.
Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin G Subclasses during the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Infectious Exacerbations
Authors: Ba Ta Thang , Tran Viet Tien , Xuan Nguyen Kien , Hai Nguyen Cong , Ngoc Vu Hoan , Dinh Le Tuan , Tien Nguyen Son , Khac Dong Hung , Kim Thi Pham Nhung , Ngoc Dao Bang
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Despite the theoretical importance of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) in the outcome of COPD exacerbations, the existing evidence for this has not been enough. This study was performed to evaluate changes in serum Ig levels and their relationship with outcomes of acute infectious exacerbations in patients with COPD. Methods: The prospective study was conducted at Military Hospital 103 from August 2017 to April 2019. Group D patients with COPD with infectious exacerbation were selected for participation in the study. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people. The patients were provided clinical examination and laboratory service; simultaneously, we measured their serum Ig levels (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) at two time points: at admission (T1) and the final health outcome (T2). Results: The median levels of total IgG in patients at times T1 and T2 were significantly lower compared with those in the healthy group (1119.3 mg/dL and 1150.6 mg/dL compared with 2032.2 mg/dL) (p < 0.001). Regarding changes among IgG subclasses, the IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 levels measured at T1 and T2 were reduced significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05); the IgG3 levels at T1 were significantly higher than those at T2. IgG3 levels in patients with life-threatening exacerbations were significantly lower than the remaining ones (24.6 (26.8–155.5) mg/dL and 25.6 (29.5–161.2) mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.023). Conclusions: In group D patients with COPD with infectious exacerbations, there was a decrease in the serum IgG, IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 levels. IgG3 levels were associated with the severity of COPD exacerbation.
A Novel Approach for the Approximate Solution of Wave Problems in Multi-Dimensional Orders with Computational Applications
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Akgül Ali , Guran Liliana , Bota Monica-Felicia
Published: November 2022

The main goal of this paper is to introduce a new scheme, known as the Aboodh homotopy integral transform method (AHITM), for the approximate solution of wave problems in multi-dimensional orders. The Aboodh integral transform (AIT) removes the restriction of variables in the recurrence relation, whereas the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) derives the successive iterations using the initial conditions. The convergence analysis is provided to study a wave equation with multiple dimensions. Some computational applications are considered to show the efficiency of this scheme. Graphical representation between the approximate and the exact solution predicts the high rate of convergence of this approach.
Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Effects of Topical Melatonin Treatment Associated with Collagen Sponge and rhBMP-2 Protein on Bone Remodeling
Authors: Montarele Leticia Ferreira , Pitol Dimitrius Leonardo , Pereira Bruno Fiorelini , Feldman Sara , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli , Issa João Paulo Mardegan
Published: November 2022

Extensive bone defect healing is an important health issue not yet completely resolved. Different alternative treatments have been proposed but, in face of a critical bone defect, it is still very difficult to reach a complete regeneration, with the new-formed bone presenting all morphological and physiological characteristics of a normal, preinjury bone. Topical melatonin use has shown as a promising adjuvant for bone regeneration due to its positive effects on bone metabolism. Thus, to search for new, safe, biological techniques that promote bone repair and favor defect healing, we hypothesized that there is a synergistic effect of melatonin treatment associated with rhBMP-2 to guide bone regeneration. This study aimed to investigate bone repair effects of topical melatonin administration in different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 µg), associated or not with rhBMP-2. Surgical-induced bone defect healing was qualitatively evaluated through histopathological analysis by light microscopy. Additionally, quantitative stereology was performed in immunohistochemistry-prepared tissue to identify angiogenic, osteogenic, and osteoclastogenic factors. Quantification data were compared between groups by the ANOVA/Tukey test and differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. Our results showed that the presence of the scaffold in the bone defect hindered the process of bone repair because in the group treated with “blood clot + scaffold” the results of bone formation and immunolabeling were reduced in comparison with all other groups (treated with melatonin alone or in association with rhBMP-2). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the control group (bone defect + blood clot), and groups treated with different concentrations of melatonin in association with rhBMP-2, indicating a positive effect of the association for bone repair. This treatment is promising once it becomes a new safe alternative technique for the clinical treatment of fractures, bone defects, and bone grafts. Our results support the hypothesis of the safe use of the association of melatonin and rhBMP-2 and have established a safe and effective dose for this experimental treatment.
Increasing Cellular Uptake and Permeation of Curcumin Using a Novel Polymer-Surfactant Formulation
Authors: Liu Zhenqi , Lansley Alison B. , Duong Tu Ngoc , Smart John D. , Pannala Ananth S.
Published: November 2022

Several therapeutically active molecules are poorly water-soluble, thereby creating a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists to develop an active solution for their oral drug delivery. This study aimed to investigate the potential for novel polymer-surfactant-based formulations (designated A and B) to improve the solubility and permeability of curcumin. A solubility study and characterization studies (FTIR, DSC and XRD) were conducted for the various formulations. The cytotoxicity of formulations and commercial comparators was tested via MTT and LDH assays, and their permeability by in vitro drug transport and cellular drug uptake was established using the Caco-2 cell model. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) are considered a good indicator of drug permeation. However, it can be argued that the magnitude of Papp, when used to reflect the permeability of the cells to the drug, can be influenced by the initial drug concentration (C0) in the donor chamber. Therefore, Papp (suspension) and Papp (solution) were calculated based on the different values of C0. It was clear that Papp (solution) can more accurately reflect drug permeation than Papp (suspension). Formulation A, containing Soluplus® and vitamin E TPGs, significantly increased the permeation and cellular uptake of curcumin compared to other samples, which is believed to be related to the increased aqueous solubility of the drug in this formulation.
Pharmacological Optimization of PSMA-Based Radioligand Therapy
Authors: van der Gaag Suzanne , Bartelink Imke H. , Vis André N. , Burchell George L. , Oprea-Lager Daniela E. , Hendrikse Harry
Published: November 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men of middle and older age. The standard treatment strategy for PCa ranges from active surveillance in low-grade, localized PCa to radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, hormonal treatment and chemotherapy. Recently, the use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) for metastatic castration-resistant PCa has been approved. PSMA is predominantly, but not exclusively, expressed on PCa cells. Because of its high expression in PCa, PSMA is a promising target for diagnostics and therapy. To understand the currently used RLT, knowledge about pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the PSMA ligand and the PSMA protein itself is crucial. PK and PD properties of the ligand and its target determine the duration and extent of the effect. Knowledge on the concentration–time profile, the target affinity and target abundance may help to predict the effect of RLT. Increased specific binding of radioligands to PSMA on PCa cells may be associated with better treatment response, where nonspecific binding may increase the risk of toxicity in healthy organs. Optimization of the radioligand, as well as synergistic effects of concomitant agents and an improved dosing strategy, may lead to more individualized treatment and better overall survival.
Changes in Alprazolam Metabolism by CYP3A43 Mutants
Authors: Zhao Jie , Liu Sijie , Wolf Clemens Alexander , Wolber Gerhard , Parr Maria Kristina , Bureik Matthias
Published: November 2022

Alprazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepine which is most commonly used in the short-term management of anxiety disorders, often in combination with antipsychotics. The four human members of the CYP3A subfamily are mainly responsible for its metabolism, which yields the main metabolites 4-hydroxyalprazolam and α-hydroxyalprazolam. We performed a comparison of alprazolam metabolism by all four CYP3A enzymes upon recombinant expression in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 show the highest 4-hydroxyalprazolam production rates, while CYP3A5 alone is the major producer of α-hydroxyalprazolam. For both metabolites, CYP3A7 and CYP3A43 show lower activities. Computational simulations rationalize the difference in preferred oxidation sites observed between the exemplary enzymes CYP3A5 and CYP3A43. Investigations of the alprazolam metabolites formed by three previously described CYP3A43 mutants (L293P, T409R, and P340A) unexpectedly revealed that they produce 4-hydroxy-, but not α-hydroxyalprazolam. Instead, they all also make a different metabolite, which is 5-N-O alprazolam. With respect to 4-hydroxyalprazolam, the mutants showed fourfold (T409R) to sixfold (L293P and P340A) higher production rates compared to the wild-type (CYP3A43.1). In the case of 5-N-O alprazolam, the production rates were similar for the three mutants, while no formation of this metabolite was found in the wild-type incubation.
Effects of a Telerehabilitation Program in Women with Fibromyalgia at 6-Month Follow-Up: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hernando-Garijo Ignacio , Medrano-de-la-Fuente Ricardo , Jiménez-del-Barrio Sandra , Mingo-Gómez María Teresa , Hernández-Lázaro Héctor , Lahuerta-Martin Silvia , Ceballos-Laita Luis
Published: November 2022

(1) Background: Telerehabilitation allows health professionals to monitor patients without face-to-face contact. The objective was to analyze the effects of a telerehabilitation program based on aerobic exercise in women with fibromyalgia at 6-month follow-up. (2) Methods: Participants were randomized into the telerehabilitation group (n = 17) or the control group (n = 17). The telerehabilitation group performed 30 sessions of exercise for 15 weeks. The exercises were guided by video and adjusted by videocalls. Pain intensity, fibromyalgia impact, physical function, isometric strength and quality of life were measured at baseline and at 6 months after the end of the intervention. (3) Results: There were no between-group differences in pain intensity, fibromyalgia impact, physical function, isometric strength or quality of life at 6-month follow-up (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusion: A telerehabilitation exercise program based on aerobic exercises may not be an effective treatment for women with fibromyalgia at 6 months of follow-up due to the lack of between-group differences in any variable.
Posterior Fossa Approaches Using the Leksell Vantage Frame with a Virtual Planning Approach in a Series of 10 Patients—Feasibility, Accuracy, and Pitfalls
Authors: Krüger Marie T. , Terrapon Alexis P. R. , Hoyningen Alexander , Kim Chan-Hi Olaf , Lauber Arno , Bozinov Oliver
Published: November 2022

The open-face design of the Leksell Vantage frame provides many advantages. However, its more rigid, contoured design offers less flexibility than other frames. This is especially true for posterior fossa approaches. This study explores whether these limitations can be overcome by tailored frame placement using a virtual planning approach. The posterior fossa was accessed in ten patients using the Leksell Vantage frame. Frame placement was planned with the Brainlab Elements software, including a phantom-based (virtual) pre-operative planning approach. A biopsy was performed in all patients; in four, additional laser ablation surgery was performed. The accuracy of virtual frame placement was compared to actual frame placement. The posterior approach was feasible in all patients. In one case, the trajectory had to be adjusted; in another, the trajectory was switched from a right- to a left-sided approach. Both cases showed large deviations from the initially planned frame placement. A histopathological diagnosis was achieved in all patients. The new Leksell Vantage frame can be used to safely target the posterior fossa with a high diagnostic success rate and accuracy. Frame placement needs to be well-planned and executed. This can be facilitated using specific software solutions as demonstrated.
Electrochemical Reduction of Gaseous CO2 at Low-Intermediate Temperatures Using a Solid Acid Membrane Cell
Authors: Kim Jae Young , Youn Duck Hyun
Published: November 2022

In this study, the electrochemical reduction of gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) at low-intermediate temperatures (~250 °C) using a solid acid membrane cell was demonstrated, for the first time. Compared to solid oxide fuel cells, which operate at higher temperatures (>600 °C), this system can utilize the advantage of gaseous CO2 reduction, while being considerably more simply implemented. A Cu-based electrocatalyst was developed as a cathode side catalyst for electrochemical reduction of gaseous CO2 and specifically demonstrated its efficacy to produce hydrocarbons and liquid fuels. The result is significant in terms of resolving the challenges associated with producing hydrocarbons and liquid fuels from CO2 reduction. The present study introduced the novel system with the solid acid membrane cell and the Cu-based catalyst for electrochemically reducing gaseous CO2. This system showed a new possibility for electrochemical reduction of gaseous CO2, as it operates at lower temperatures, produces hydrocarbons and liquid fuels and has plenty of room for improvement.
Graphene Quantum Dot-Enabled Nanocomposites as Luminescence- and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Biosensors
Authors: Kurniawan Darwin , Chen Yan-Yi , Sharma Neha , Rahardja Michael Ryan , Chiang Wei-Hung
Published: November 2022

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a zero-dimensional (0D) carbon-based nanomaterial with a unique quantum confinement effect that have captured the eyes of many researchers. In addition to their luminescence properties, a high biocompatibility and large surface area have enabled GQDs to be used for many applications, and even be integrated with either organic or inorganic materials to produce GQD nanocomposites to enhance the application performances and broaden the application scope. In this review, we aim to highlight the exquisite properties and synthesis methods of GQDs, recent advances in the fabrication of GQD nanocomposites with both organic and inorganic materials, and their corresponding luminescence-based and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensing applications. Finally, this review article concludes with a summary of current challenges and prospects.
Blood Lost: A Retrospective Review of Blood Wastage from a Massive Transfusion Protocol in a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital
Authors: Chong Debbra , Lam Joyce Ching Mei , Feng Xun Yi Jasmine , Heng Mui Ling , Mok Yee Hui , Chiang Li-Wei , Ng Kee Chong , Ong Yong-Kwang Gene
Published: November 2022

Background: The paediatric massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is activated in the paediatric population for both trauma and non-trauma related indications. While it helps to improve the efficiency and efficacy of the delivery of blood products, it can also result in increased wastage. We aimed to evaluate the wastage rates from our paediatric MTP activations from 2013 to 2018. Method: As part of an audit, we retrospectively reviewed the records of the paediatric patients who had MTP activations. We collected the following data: reason for MTP activation, weight of patient, number of cycles of MTP required, blood products used, blood products wasted, deviation from our institution’s recommended MTP blood product ratio, and reason for wastage. Result: We had 26 paediatric MTP activations within the audit period. There was an overall wastage rate of 1.5%, with wastage occurring in 3 out of 26 patients. The reason for all wastage was demise of the patient. Most patients’ transfusion ratios deviated from our institution’s MTP protocol. Conclusion: Our wastage rates are low likely because of clear MTP activation guidelines and a flexible MTP workflow.
Influences of Adult Gender and Parenthood on Adult-Child Interaction Style
Authors: Smith Darcy K. , An Ran , Libertus Klaus
Published: November 2022

Previous studies report differences between mothers and fathers during parent–child interactions. However, the origins of these differences remain unknown. We address this gap by examining the impact of adult gender and gender perceptions on adult-child interactions. Unlike previous studies, we observed both parent and non-parent adults during one-on-one interactions with a child. Further, for non-parent adults the child’s identity was held constant while the child’s assumed gender was actively manipulated using clothing cues. Results reveal systematic differences between parents and non-parents, but also between male and female adults in language quantity, quality, and engagement strategies during adult-child interactions. Adults’ perceptions of gender roles partially explain these findings. In contrast, the child’s gender did not impact adult-child interactions. Together, our results support the notion that male and female adults offer unique contributions to a child’s development.
CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD)—Rare Presentation in Male
Authors: Rodak Małgorzata , Jonderko Mariola , Rozwadowska Patrycja , Machnikowska-Sokołowska Magdalena , Paprocka Justyna
Published: November 2022

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a developmental encephalopathy caused by pathogenic variants in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDKL5) gene. This rare disorder occurs more frequently in females than in males. The incidence is estimated to be approximately 1: 40,000–60,000 live births. So far, 50 cases have been described in boys. The clinical course in males tends to be more severe and is often associated with death in the first or second decade of life. The authors present an unreported 2.5-year-old male patient with drug-resistant epilepsy who was diagnosed with a de novo mutation in the CDKL5 gene. First seizures developed in the fifth week of life and have progressed steadily since then. The child’s psychomotor development was strongly delayed, and generalized hypotonia was noticed since birth. Brain MRI showed areas of incomplete myelination, posterior narrowing of the corpus callosum, a pineal cyst of up to 3 mm, and open islet lids. Intensive antiseizure medications (ASMs), a ketogenic diet, and steroid therapy were not successful. Short-term improvement was achieved with the implantation of a vagal nerve stimulator (VNS). Due to the progressive course of the disease, the boy requires frequent modification of ASMs.
Parental Perceived Discrimination and Youth Participation in Out-Of-School Sports
Authors: Burns Ryan D. , Fu You
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the associations between perceived parental discrimination and youth participation in out-of-school sports. We analyzed a representative sample of US children and adolescents from the 2020 National Survey of Children’s Health (N = 30,656; 6–17 years old; 49.0% female). The dependent variable was a (No/Yes) response item asking parents about their child’s participation in out-of-school sports. Two binary response items asked parents if they perceived that their child was ever treated or judged unfairly because of their race/ethnicity and because of their sexual orientation/gender identity. Weighted multiple logistic regressions examined correlations between the discrimination variables and out-of-school sports controlling for demographics covariates including family income. After covariate adjustment, perceived parental discrimination because of race/ethnicity associated with 1.57 times higher odds of child participation in sports (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.17–2.03, p = 0.002). Conversely, discrimination because of sexual orientation/gender identity correlated with 57% lower odds of child participation in sports (AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio) = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.27–0.69, p < 0.001). After family income and other covariates were considered, perceived discrimination by parents because of their child’s race/ethnicity associated with higher probability of sports participation. Perceived discrimination by parents because of their child’s sexual orientation/gender identity associated with a lower probability of participating in sports.
Experimental Study of the Reduction in Ceramide Content in Fingernails Due to Nail Polish Remover Use
Authors: Maeda Kazuhisa , Iwashita Nao
Published: November 2022

The amount and distribution of ceramide, an intercellular lipid, in the fingernails of three Japanese women in their twenties were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography and antibody staining. In addition, the structural changes of fingernail cross sections were examined after fingernails were immersed in an acetone-based nail polish remover solution. The acetone-treated fingernails had a lower water content and higher water evaporation than the inner forearm skin and healthy fingernails, suggesting that they had compromised moisturizing and barrier functions and were more susceptible to roughness and damage. These results also suggest that, compared to healthy fingernails, rough fingernails are more prone to breakage and damage. Furthermore, it was found that the amount of ceramide decreased when fingernails were immersed in nail polish remover solution. The distribution showed ceramide to be present in the ventral and dorsal regions of the free edge of the fingernail plate. After immersion in nail polish remover, the three-layered structure of the free edge of the plate was intact, but the dorsal distal edge of the plate peeled off. Gaps were observed inside the free edge of the plate, which should have been layered. These results show that the frequent use of nail polish remover may worsen condition of fingernails.
Hydrogen-Induced Order–Disorder Effects in FePd3
Authors: Götze André , Stevenson Siobhan Christina , Hansen Thomas Christian , Kohlmann Holger
Published: November 2022

Binary intermetallic compounds, such as FePd3, attract interests due to their physical, magnetic and catalytic properties. For a better understanding of their hydrogenation properties, both ordered FePd3 and disordered Fe0.25Pd0.75 are studied by several in situ methods, such as thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and neutron powder diffraction, at moderate hydrogen pressures up to 8.0 MPa. FePd3 absorbs small amounts of hydrogen at room temperature and follows Sieverts’ law of hydrogen solubility in metals. [Pd6] octahedral voids are filled up to 4.7(9)% in a statistical manner at 8.00(2) MPa, yielding the hydride FePd3H0.047(9). This is accompanied by decreasing long-range order of Fe and Pd atoms (site occupancy factor of Fe at Wyckoff position 1a decreasing from 0.875(3) to 0.794(4)). This trend is also observed during heating, while the ordered magnetic moment decreases up to the Curie temperature of 495(8) K. The temperature dependences of the magnetic moments of iron atoms in FePd3 under isobaric conditions (p(D2) = 8.2(2) MPa) are consistent with a 3D Ising or Heisenberg model (critical parameter β = 0.28(5)). The atomic and magnetic order and hydrogen content of FePd3 show a complex interplay.
The ATP1A2 Mutation Associated with Hemiplegic Migraines: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Changyue , Yue Wei
Published: November 2022

Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 is a premonitory subtype of migraine caused by an ATP1A2 gene mutation. It is an autosomal dominant genetic disease. Here, we report a 51-year-old woman who had a migraine attack due to a pathogenic ATP1A2 gene mutation. With frequent attacks, the patient developed complete left hemiplegia, a confusion of consciousness and partial seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive angiogenic edema in the right cerebral hemisphere. In this article, we review the latest literature and try to explain the above symptoms in our patient with cortical spreading depression (CSD) and ATP1A2 gene mutations.
Well-Aerated Lung and Mean Lung Density Quantified by CT at Discharge to Predict Pulmonary Diffusion Function 5 Months after COVID-19
Authors: Chen Leqing , Wu Feihong , Huang Jia , Yang Jinrong , Fan Wenliang , Nie Zhuang , Jiang Hongwei , Wang Jiazheng , Xia Wenfang , Yang Fan
Published: November 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the predictive values of quantitative CT indices of the total lung and lung lobe tissue at discharge for the pulmonary diffusion function of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at 5 months after symptom onset. Methods: A total of 90 patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 underwent CT scans at discharge, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed 5 months after symptom onset. The differences in quantitative CT and PFT results between Group 1 (patients with abnormal diffusion function) and Group 2 (patients with normal diffusion function) were compared by the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test or Mann–Whitney U test. Univariate analysis, stepwise linear regression and logistic regression were used to determine the predictors of diffusion function in convalescent patients. Results: A total of 37.80% (34/90) of patients presented diffusion dysfunction at 5 months after symptom onset. The mean lung density (MLD) of the total lung tissue in Group 1 was higher than that in Group 2, and the percentage of the well-aerated lung (WAL) tissue volume (WAL%) of Group 1 was lower than that of Group 2 (all p < 0.05). Multiple stepwise linear regression identified only WAL and WAL% of the left upper lobe (LUL) as parameters that positively correlated with the percent of the predicted value of diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (WAL: p = 0.002; WAL%: p = 0.004), and multiple stepwise logistic regression identified MLD and MLDLUL as independent predictors of diffusion dysfunction (MLD: OR (95%CI): 1.011 (1.001, 1.02), p = 0.035; MLDLUL: OR (95%CI): 1.016 (1.004, 1.027), p = 0.008). Conclusion: At five months after symptom onset, more than one-third of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients presented with diffusion dysfunction. The well-aerated lung and mean lung density quantified by CT at discharge could be predictors of diffusion function in convalesce.
A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies on Prolactin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Saei Ghare Naz Marzieh , Mousavi Maryam , Mahboobifard Fatemeh , Niknam Atrin , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh
Published: November 2022

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are reported to have different levels of prolactin (PRL) compared to women without PCOS. This study aimed to evaluate the PRL levels in women with PCOS, compared to the control group, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Using a logical combination of keywords, a comprehensive search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science, from inception to 30 August 2022. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with corresponding 95% CIs in PRL levels were employed with a random-effects model. I2 was applied to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. A meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore heterogeneity sources. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test. Thirty-two studies, measuring PRL levels in 8551 PCOS patients according to the Rotterdam criteria and 13,737 controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled effect size suggested that the overall weighted mean difference (WMD) of PRL level was significantly higher in women with PCOS, compared to controls (WMD = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.04–1.98, p = 0.040). The result of meta-regression adjusted for age, BMI, and the continent of origin, revealed no confounding effect on results. Sub-group analysis of PRL levels according to the continent of origin showed significantly higher PRL levels among Eurasian PCOS patients compared to the control; this difference was not statistically significant in the subgroups of women from Asia, Europe, and South America. In conclusion, PRL levels in patients who were diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria were significantly higher than non-PCOS participants. Slightly higher levels of PRL could be presented as a diagnostic feature of PCOS.