bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Social Entrepreneurial Intention: An Application of Social Cognitive Career Theory
Authors: Pham Lan Xuan , Phan Luc Tan , Le Angelina Nhat-Hanh , Bui Ngoc Tuan Anh
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to apply Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) to investigate social entrepreneurial intention factors. In particular, the impacts of social entrepreneurship education and prior experience with social organizations on social entrepreneurial intention through the mediating roles of social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and social entrepreneurial outcome expectations are scrutinized. Based on a dataset of 503 individuals who have completed social-entrepreneurship orientation courses, the analysis results reveal that the other direct hypotheses are supported except for the insignificant direct effect of social entrepreneurship education on social entrepreneurial outcome expectations. Thus, the applicability of SCCT in the context of social entrepreneurship is confirmed. In addition, the sequential mediating roles of social entrepreneurial self-efficacy and social entrepreneurial outcome expectations are also supported by this study. These two mediators fully and complementarity play a factor in the respective effects of social entrepreneurship education and prior experience on social entrepreneurial intention. Policymakers and educators can rely on the findings of this study to design curricula that aim to enhance the social education and experience of learners to stimulate social entrepreneurial intention.
Regularity properties of nonlocal fractional differential equations and applications
Authors: Shakhmurov Veli
Published: February 2022

The regularity properties of nonlocal fractional elliptic and parabolic equations in vector-valued Besov spaces are studied.
The uniform

B

p
,
q

s

B_{p,q}^{s}

-separability properties and sharp resolvent estimates are obtained for abstract elliptic operator in terms of fractional derivatives.
In particular, it is proven that the fractional elliptic operator generated by these equations is sectorial and also is a generator of an analytic semigroup.
Moreover, the maximal regularity properties of the nonlocal fractional abstract parabolic equation are established.
As an application, the nonlocal anisotropic fractional differential equations and the system of nonlocal fractional parabolic equations are studied.
Structures and nucleic acid-binding preferences of the eukaryotic ARID domain
Authors: Korn Sophie Marianne , Schlundt Andreas
Published: February 2022

The DNA-binding AT-rich interactive domain (ARID) exists in a wide range of proteins throughout eukaryotic kingdoms. ARID domain-containing proteins are involved in manifold biological processes, such as transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control and chromatin remodeling. Their individual domain composition allows for a sub-classification within higher mammals. ARID is categorized as binder of double-stranded AT-rich DNA, while recent work has suggested ARIDs as capable of binding other DNA motifs and also recognizing RNA. Despite a broad variability on the primary sequence level, ARIDs show a highly conserved fold, which consists of six α-helices and two loop regions. Interestingly, this minimal core domain is often found extended by helices at the N- and/or C-terminus with potential roles in target specificity and, subsequently function. While high-resolution structural information from various types of ARIDs has accumulated over two decades now, there is limited access to ARID-DNA complex structures. We thus find ourselves left at the beginning of understanding ARID domain target specificities and the role of accompanying domains. Here, we systematically summarize ARID domain conservation and compare the various types with a focus on their structural differences and DNA-binding preferences, including the context of multiple other motifs within ARID domain containing proteins.
The effect of Ti alloying on the mechanical properties and microstructure of a Zn–Al–Cu–Mg alloy
Authors: Türk Ahmet , Durman Mehmet , Kayali E. Sabri
Published: February 2022

The effect of Ti additions (0.01 – 0.20 wt.%) on the hardness, ultimate tensile strength, impact strength and creep properties of the gravity-cast Zn–Al –Cu–Mg alloy ZA-8 has been investigated. The Ti additions have no significant effect on the hardness. The ultimate tensile strength of the standard ZA-8 alloy has not been changed significantly with Ti additions up to 0.15 wt.% and then decreased with further increase in Ti content. The impact strength shows a maximum around 0.05 – 0.15 wt.% Ti. The lowest creep resistance is obtained at 0.01 wt.% Ti, and the highest value of creep resistance is reached for 0.20 wt.% Ti. Metallographic studies indicated that the addition of Ti has a profound effect on the microstructure. Also, Ti forms a complex-shaped intermetallic compound which was identified as TiZn15 by X-ray diffraction. It is suggested that the TiZn15 particles cause the increase in creep resistance and decrease in tensile strength.
The effect of carbon on the restoration phenomena during hot deformation of carbon steels
Authors: Serajzadeh S. , Taheri A. Karimi , Zebarjad S. M.
Published: February 2022

A study has been made to determine the influence of the carbon content on the kinetics of dynamic and static recrystallization during and after hot deformation of carbon steels. For this purpose, single- and double-hit hot compression experiments at various strain rates and temperatures together with the Avrami-type kinetics equation and Bergstrom approach have been utilized to investigate recrystallization behavior. The results show that the apparent activation energy of hot deformation decreases with increasing carbon content and this phenomenon results in a faster dynamic recrystallization at high temperatures and/or low strain rates. Also, increasing carbon content leads to a higher rate of static recrystallization at low strain rates while at high strain rates it causes a slower kinetics of static recrystallization.
EMF study of liquid Al–Fe–Ge alloys
Authors: Kanibolotsky Dmitry S. , Stukalo Valentina A. , Dubyna Volodymyr M. , Bieloborodova Olena A. , Lisnyak Vladyslav V.
Published: February 2022

The thermodynamic properties of ternary liquid Al–Fe–Ge alloys have been studied in the temperature range of 1050 – 1250 K by the electromotive force (EMF) technique with a liquid electrolyte. The ternary alloys are characterized by negative deviations from Raoult’s law.
Viscosity of glass at high contact pressure during indentation experiments
Authors: Meinhard Holger , Grau Peter
Published: February 2022

The mechanism of plastic deformation of glasses by indentation near room temperature has not been understood completely up to now. For the analysis of indentation experiments with a Vickers pyramid and spherical indenter, respectively, viscoelastic deformation behaviour is assumed for the complete temperature range from room temperature to the transformation temperature. Therefore, the rheological analysis of all experiments was performed with the help of a simple Maxwell model. The results of indentation experiments were compared with cylinder compression experiments, which were analysed by the same rheological principles. Additionally, some indents were analysed by topographical investigation to get the first hints of viscoelastic deformation behaviour below the transformation temperature of glass.
Partial atomic volumes of early transition metals in A10 metal-based solid solutions
Authors: Ellner M.
Published: February 2022

Unit-cell parameters were measured for the A10 metal-based (= Ni, Pd, Pt) solid solutions (Pearson symbol cF4, space group Fm

3
¯

${\bar 3}$

m, Cu type) with the A5 transition metals (V, Nb, Ta) in the whole range of homogeneity. Composition dependence both of the average atomic volume and the enthalpy of formation were investigated for the A10 metal-based solid solutions with the A5 and A6 transition metals; the partial atomic volume and the partial molar enthalpy of formation of the A5 and A6 transition were determined for the A10-rich terminal phases. Among the systems investigated, only the solid solutions Pd(Cr) and Pt(Cr) show partial atomic volume of chromium larger than the chromium atomic volume. In the nickel-based solid solution, the partial atomic volume of chromium is equal to the chromium atomic volume. The partial molar enthalpy of formation for the A5 transition metals – in the nickel, palladium and platinum-rich alloys – shows larger negative values than values evaluated for the A6 transition metals. An enlarged investigation of the data available in literature shows that both the relative volume change, resulting from the dissolving process of the early transition metals in the A10 metal-based alloys, and the negative values of the partial molar enthalpy of formation increase with decreasing number of the 3d and 4d electrons of the early transition elements. For the 5d quasihomologous transition metals, this observation is valid for the A4 . . . A6 elements as well.
Enthalpy – entropy compensation effect in grain boundary phenomena
Authors: Lejček Pavel
Published: February 2022

The existence of the so-called “enthalpy – entropy compensation effect” as an inherent property of a system is proven on the basis of a pure thermodynamic analysis. The compensation effect is documented for the example of grain boundary segregation and migration. It is shown that the changes of the values of characteristic enthalpy and entropy that fulfil the compensation effect are caused by the changes of grain boundary energy via the changes of grain boundary structure and system chemistry: Despite of the nature of such changes, a single linear dependence between the enthalpy and entropy should exist under the same mechanism of the process.
Quantitative experiments on the transition between linear to non-linear segregation of Ag in Cu bicrystals studied by radiotracer grain boundary diffusion
Authors: Divinski Sergiy V. , Lohmann Maik , Prokofjev Sergej I. , Herzig Christian
Published: February 2022

Non-linear segregation of Ag in Cu grain boundaries (GB) was quantitatively studied by radiotracer GB diffusion measurements on Cu bicrystals with non-special near Σ5 symmetrical [001] tilt boundaries. Bicrystals were used to guarantee a stable GB during the annealing avoiding in this way disturbing effects like GB motion etc. on the measured diffusion penetration profile. The 110mAg radioisotope with a well-defined specific activity was applied. This allowed to determine quantitatively the amount of Ag solute atoms in a section as a function of the penetration depth. The controlled variation of the total amount of diffusing Ag atoms along the Cu GB resulted in a fundamental change of the GB penetration profile shape from almost linear to strongly curved. The curvature of the penetration profiles was unambiguously shown to be caused by non-linear segregation of Ag in Cu GB. The full Ag segregation isotherm was calculated from the corresponding GB diffusion penetration profile.
Fast penetration of Ga in Al: liquid metal embrittlement near the threshold of grain boundary wetting
Authors: Glickman E. E.
Published: February 2022

The thermodynamic conditions for spontaneous grain boundary wetting and stress driven liquid metal embrittlement are related to each other and the kinetic mechanism responsible for fast GB penetration under small stress is described. The dissolution – condensation mechanism of liquid metal embrittlement and linear fracture mechanics for calculation of a crack profile are applied to the classical system “Al – liquid Ga”. The results tend to support the idea that the recently observed fast linear penetration of Ga along 150° tilt <110> GB of Al should be considered as propagation of a liquid metal embrittlement crack under a small residual stress rather than as spontaneous grain boundary wetting. With the residual tensile stress σ ≈ 0.5 MPa acting normal to the GB plane, all major findings reported for this model system are explained in a semiquantitative way assuming that the GB spreading coefficient is extremely small by its absolute value, i. e. that the system is near the threshold of spontaneous grain boundary wetting.
Quasi-static and dynamic depth-sensing indentation measurements to characterize wear and mar resistance of coating–polymer systems
Authors: Bernardo F. , Bardon J. , Riche A. , Pelletier H.
Published: February 2022

Different layers of different thicknesses were coated on the same polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate. For each of these bilayered systems, quasi-static and dynamic instrumented indentations using continuous stiffness measurement have been made. We verified if data from indentation tests performed on a given sample obey a power law relationship. The aim was to calculate the viscoplasticity index n with sufficient accuracy (by taking into account the viscoelastoplastic properties of the studied samples), since this value is characteristic of the viscoplastic properties of a material and, therefore, allows evaluating the plastic scratch resistance of the surface. Thanks to both indentation methods the viscoplasticity index could be calculated and its value compared to the different bilayered systems one. As n is supposed to be intrinsic to a material, its value should not depend on the characterization technique.
Consequences of the comparative fallacy for the acquisition of grammatical aspect in Spanish
Authors: Diaubalick Tim , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro
Published: February 2022

This paper tackles the usefulness of comparing L2 learners against native speakers in empirical SLA studies focusing on grammatical aspect. Adapting the view that interlanguage grammars should be analysed in their own right instead of as a deficient form of the target, we show that expressing perspectivity (fulfilled by grammatical aspect markers) methodologically complicates the analyses of Grammaticality Judgment Tasks in aspect studies. For Spanish past tenses, we show that especially with items constructed as allegedly ungrammatical natives behave heterogeneously. This casts doubt on the question whether these data can be used as a baseline against which learners’ data could be compared. By analysing the interlanguage separately (not only in comparison to the controls), our findings among German learners of L2 Spanish suggest the use of the forms depends essentially on temporal markers which can be related to both their L1 lacking grammatical aspect and the pedagogical input. Crucially, though the interlanguage does not match the target (i.e., past tenses do not necessarily correlate with aspectuality), the systems are not chaotic but follow well-defined rules.
Subchronic toxicological evaluation of EnXtra™ (standardised extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome) in rats
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Devanand
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Alpinia galanga is a commonly used ingredient in Asian food and traditional medicine. But an extract of the rhizome had never been used commercially in food supplements and functional foods. There is some evidence of safety and tolerability in humans for a proprietary A. galanga rhizome extract (EnXtra™) and it is Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) in the US already. However, this botanical ingredient has not been evaluated for its subchronic toxicity in rats to confirm its safety in wider food applications.

Methods

Sprague Dawley rats were orally administered the test item for 90 days by following OECD (Test Guideline: 408), with a recovery period of 28 days. Cumulative effects and No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) were estimated. EnXtra™ was administered orally at 0, 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 mg kg−1 body weight (b. wt.) with additional vehicle and high dose recovery groups. Observations included clinical signs, haematology, clinical chemistry, gross pathology and histopathology.

Results

On terminal sacrifice, no treatment-related adverse effects were observed viz., clinical signs, mortality, body weight changes and feed consumption parameters. Haematology, clinical biochemistry and thyroid hormone levels were within the normal range. Further, no treatment-related gross and microscopic pathological lesions were observed across the treatment groups.

Conclusions

Based on the results of the toxicological evaluation, NOAEL of A. galanga rhizome extract (AGRE) was fixed at 3,000 mg kg−1 b. wt. per day and ADI of 1800 mg day−1 in the case of humans.
Late sequelae of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) cause thyroid dysfunction and thyroiditis: review of literature
Authors: Tempark Therdpong , Deekajorndech Tawatchai , Chatproedprai Susheera , Supornsilchai Vichit , Wananukul Siriwan
Published: February 2022

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is one of the severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) with high mortality rate and variable long term sequelae, especially in thyroid dysfunction and thyroiditis. In this article, we review clinical course, culprit drugs, onset of diagnosis, and type of thyroid dysfunction in DRESS patients. There were a total of 51 cases including 12 children (aged less than 18 years old) and 39 adults from our review. The most common thyroid dysfunction was Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (41/51=80.4%) including anti-thyroid antibody positive (29/51=56.9%), possible/compatible with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (12/51=23.5%) both in the children (n=12) and adult (n=39), Graves’ disease/hyperthyroidism (7/51=13.7%) and non-specific hypothyroidism (3/51=5.9%), respectively. The most common culprit drugs and onset of thyroid dysfunction after DRESS diagnosis in children aged less than 18 years include antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine) (range 0–8 months, median 2 months) and sulfa groups (sulfasalazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide) (range 1–4 months, median 2 months). Data of prevalence, type, and clinical course of thyroid dysfunction from DRESS is important for clinicians to recognize for monitoring its sequelae and provide plans for treatment.
Adjusting to linguistic diversity in a primary school through relational agency and expertise: a mother-tongue teacher team’s perspective
Authors: Hedman Christina , Magnusson Ulrika
Published: February 2022

This paper explores the role of collaborative teacher agency in facilitating translingual adjustments in a linguistically diverse primary school in Sweden. We focus on three multicompetent language teachers, who taught minoritized languages in the marginalized Mother Tongue (MT) subject, Modern Languages, and offered Multilingual Study Mentoring. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork, including teacher interviews and fieldnotes from everyday MT practices and preparations for an annual musical performance, we investigated how the teachers adjusted to the students’ multilingual repertoires throughrelational agencyanddistributed expertise(Edwards, A. 2011. Building common knowledge at the boundaries between professional practices: Relational agency and relational expertise in systems of distributed expertise.International Journal of Educational Research50(1). 33–39). These adjustments affected the offered language provisions beyond what was required,based on students’ linguistic competencies and parental involvement. Didactic adjustments also afforded migrant students literary experiences that starkly contrasted with the limited literacy content in beginner courses in Swedish. These “responsive professional actions” (Edwards, A. 2011. Building common knowledge at the boundaries between professional practices: Relational agency and relational expertise in systems of distributed expertise.International Journal of Educational Research50(1). 33–39, p. 39) thus impacted on the students’ opportunities for multilingual development, expanded language registers, including verbal art, and linguistic inclusion. Through these actions, language was reformulated as asset, and we find thatan ethics of care(Watkins, M. 2011. Teachers’ tears and the affective geography of the classroom.Emotion, Space and Society4(3). 137–143) was closely intertwined with this relational agency. The findings contribute new knowledge on the role of collaborative teacher agency in diverse settings also of relevance to other national contexts.
Advances in ZnO: Manipulation of defects for enhancing their technological potentials
Authors: Ayoub Irfan , Kumar Vijay , Abolhassani Reza , Sehgal Rishabh , Sharma Vishal , Sehgal Rakesh , Swart Hendrik C. , Mishra Yogendra Kumar
Published: February 2022

This review attempts to compile the physics and chemistry of defects in zinc oxide (ZnO), at both, the fundamental and application levels. The defects, either inherent ones or introduced externally, have broadened the ZnO material field in various directions. The ZnO material exhibits many defect-attributed properties leading to broad technological applications: electronic and optoelectronic devices, sensors, optical components, ceramic industry, biomedical, catalysis, lightening, etc. Considering the huge defect-dependent technological scopes, the ZnO material is constantly engineered for various defects, and corresponding functionalities are tailored with respect to particular applications. The functional properties of ZnO are strongly influenced by the defects, and as a result, the defect engineering of the ZnO materials has remained an important motivation in materials science and engineering in terms of localized defects, extended defects, impurities, and surface defects, etc. A detailed characterization of these defects seems to be an essential part of any research area. The correlations of the microstructural characteristics with electrical and optical properties of ZnO are then a natural step for further facilitating an efficient way toward advanced ZnO-based materials and devices. The present review is an effort to shed light on the defects of ZnO, properties, theoretical aspects, and corresponding applications.
Analysis of initiator content of prepreg by near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Qianfa , Li Dan , Guan Chiji
Published: February 2022

During the production process of some copper clad laminate (CCL), the content of 3,3,5,7,7-pentamethyl-1,2,4-trioxepane in prepreg can affect the cross-linking and curing degree of resin directly, and thereby affect the properties of CCL. In this article, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least square regression using high performance liquid chromatography as a reference method were used for the determination of 3,3,5,7,7-pentamethyl-1,2,4-trioxepane in the CCL production progress. 160 spectra of prepreg samples randomly formed the calibration set, and 50 spectra of prepreg samples formed the validation set. The value of the root mean square error of calibration (w/w) and root mean square error of prediction (w/w) were 0.011% and 0.013% for 3,3,5,7,7-pentamethyl-1,2,4-trioxepane content (%, w/w), and the calculation and validation of the regression equation resulted in high correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The scatter plot value of calibration set which was obtained from the root mean square error of cross-validation (w/w) was 0.015%, and the regression equation resulted in high correlation coefficient of 0.98. The results of the paired t-test revealed that there was no significant difference between NIR and HPLC method. Thus, the results obtained in this study reflect that NIR could be used as a rapid, accurate, and simultaneous technique to determine 3,3,5,7,7-pentamethyl-1,2,4-trioxepane content of prepreg in the production process.
Comparing what the clinician draws on a digital pain map to that of persons who have greater trochanteric pain syndrome
Authors: Plinsinga Melanie L. , Boudreau Shellie A. , Coombes Brooke K. , Mellor Rebecca , Hayes Sandi , Vicenzino Bill
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To assess the agreements and differences in pain drawings (pain area, shape and location) between individuals who have greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) and their clinician.

Methods

In this study, 23 patients with GTPS (21 female, pain duration range 8–24 months) underwent clinical evaluation by a registered physiotherapist. Digital 2d full body pain drawings were independently performed by the clinician during the subjective examination and by the patient following the physical examination. Levels of agreement [LoA] in the pain area were assessed with Bland–Altman plots. Differences in pain drawings were assessed visually by overlaying images, and by quantifying the differences in shape and location with the bounding box, and Jaccard index, respectively.

Results

Pain areas (/total pixels of the charts) did not differ in size (LoA mean difference less than −0.5%; range −2.35–1.56%) or shape (bounding box p>0.17). However, there was minimal overlap in location (Jaccard index range 0.09–0.18/1 for perfect overlap).

Conclusions

Patients and the clinician displayed differences in location of pain areas, but not size or shape, when they independently performed digital pain drawings. The reasons that underlie and the clinical impact of these differences remains unclear.
Synthesis, structure characterization and properties of a new oxidovanadium(IV) coordination polymer incorporating bridging (MoO4)2– and (Mo8O26)4– ligands
Authors: Harmalkar Nikita N. , Srinivasan Bikshandarkoil R. , Dhuri Sunder N.
Published: February 2022

Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a new heterometallic coordination polymer [(VO(terpy))4(MoO4)2(Mo8O26)]·2H2O (1) (terpy = 2,2′;6′,2″-terpyridine) are reported. Compound 1 contains two crystallographically unique vanadium(IV) atoms, bonded to a terminal oxido ligand and further coordinated to a terpy ligand. The three N atoms of terpy occupy the meridional sites of a distorted {VN3O3} octahedron. A γ-octamolybdate (Mo8O26)4– located on an inversion centre and a tetraoxidomolybdate (MoO4)2– function as bridging ligands. The μ3-bridging tridentate binding of (MoO4)2– leads to the formation of a {V4Mo2O12}4+ cationic unit consisting of an eight-membered heterometallic {Mo2V2O4} ring with protruding oxidovanadium handles. A pair of {V4Mo2O12}4+ units are bridged by the centrosymmetric (Mo8O26)4– ligand, resulting in the formation of an infinite chain of alternating {V4Mo2O12}4+ cations and (Mo8O26)4– anions.
Oposição política, novatos e insucesso eleitoral: Partido Republicano Liberal (Paraná, Brasil: 1923-1924)
Authors: GOMES Sandro Aramis Richter
Published: February 2022

The following article develops an investigation into the processes by which the Liberal Republican Party (LRP) was created and dissolved, with such an association existing in the state of Paraná from 1923 to 1924. By means of a case study, the aim of this work is to develop an understanding of the electoral initiatives caried out among state oppositionists in the final years of the First Brazilian Republic. There are three arguments sustained in this analysis. First, the article demonstrates that the LRP was controlled by newcomers to the political scene who did not obtain the support of historic oppositionists in structuring the association. Second, evidence suggests that this party was shortest in duration and poorest in performance in elections among the minority associations created in Paraná during the First Brazilian Republic. Third, it must be highlighted that the group’s extinction was followed by an end in political activities for most of its adherents.
Measurement methods and mathematical model of main characteristics of waveguide-coaxial connectors
Authors: Glushechenko E. M.
Published: February 2022

Modern complex microwave radio electronic systems may use functional devices implemented on different types of transmission lines. In order to connect such devices to each other to form antenna feed system, the following three types of special connectors can be used: coaxial, waveguide, and combined microwave devices based on waveguide and coaxial segments.
The main electrical characteristics of waveguide coaxial connectors (WCC) are the losses introduced by the device to the antenna feed and matching with the regular microwave path (voltage standing-wave ratio, VSWR). Standard methods and standard equipment used to measure the characteristics of coaxial or waveguide connectors cannot be applied to WCCs.
This article proposes a method designed to measure the main characteristics of waveguide-coaxial connectors and presents their mathematical model (wave matrices). The proposed methods of measuring microwave characteristic are demonstrated on the example of waveguide coaxial connectors of longitudinal coaxial type.
It should be noted that the proposed technique has been experimentally tested on a number of specific devices. Not only the waveguide coaxial connectors have been studied in different frequency ranges (waveguide sizes from 23×5 to 58×25 mm), but also with different coaxial channel designs (sizes 3.5/1.52; 6.0/2.6 and 7.0/3.04 mm).
The proposed method provides replicable measurements results of the characteristics of waveguide coaxial connectors, which confirms its reliability.
Thermomigration of non-oriented aluminium-rich liquid zones through (110) silicon wafers
Authors: Polukhin O. S. , Kravchina V. V.
Published: February 2022

The paper analyzes the reasons and factors that allow avoiding faceting of non-oriented linear zones. It is shown that in the manufacture of semiconductor chips with a large perimeter and a reverse voltage of 2000 V, the conditions sine qua non to create isolating walls on silicon wafers with an orientation different from (111) are to form an ensemble of linear zones by the method of high-temperature selective forced wetting (HSV) and to fulfill a number of requirements to the “thermomigration” photomask and zones immersion stage during TM at high temperatures. It is shown that these factors provide a stable migration of an ensemble of linear zones through wafers (110) even in a stationary temperature gradient field.
For the first time in the world, the authors practically demonstrate the possibility of stable migration of an ensemble of non-oriented linear zones through silicon (110) in a stationary temperature gradient conditions, outlining the conditions and factors necessary for this process. It is assumed that when the conditions for the formation of linear zones and their immersion are met, the crystallographic orientation of the silicon wafers does not matter at all.
Visualization of vaporization events in two-phase thermosyphons operating in different orientations
Authors: Melnyk R. S. , Lipnitskyi L. V. , Nikolaenko Yu. E. , Kravets V. Yu. , Pekur D. V.
Published: February 2022

Currently, thermosyphons are used to cool such devices as power amplifiers of radio frequency systems, data center hardware, LED light sources, etc. One of the important factors affecting the efficiency of such cooling systems is the orientation of the thermosyphons in space.
This paper is dedicated to research and visualization of vaporization events in two-phase thermosyphons, primarily focusing on investigating and visualizing the influence of orientation in space on vaporization. The studies were performed for100% fill ratio. Vaporization was video recorded at 240 frames per second, whereupon the obtained footage was converted into image sequence. The analysis of the obtained materials has shown that at intensive boiling for tilt angle range of 5—45º, a part of the working fluid is always outside the evaporator. When the angle is decreased, the portion of the working fluid outside the evaporator increases. Moreover, for the 5° tilt angle, the evaporator can be completely drained at certain time intervals. It is proposed that the thermal resistance at low heat flux values for smaller tilt angles can be lower than for vertical orientation because of thin liquid films. Evaporation is more effective in thin liquid films than in large volumes. This prompts the conclusion that smaller angles will allow obtaining lower thermal resistance for the same filling ratio. On the other hand, maximum heat transfer ability decreases dramatically for the angle range of 0—10º.
The obtained results can be used in further studies to analyze and explane the aspects of heat transfer in two-phase thermosyphons with a short evaporator.
A Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Restores Cognitive Deficits inTsc2+/–Mice through Inhibition of Rheb1
Authors: Sugiura Hiroko , Shimada Tadayuki , Moriya-Ito Keiko , Goto Jun-Ichi , Fujiwara Hiroki , Ishii Rie , Shitara Hiroshi , Taya Choji , Fujii Satoshi , Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Hino Okio , Worley Paul F. , Yamagata Kanato
Published: February 2022

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by mutations inTsc1orTsc2, whose gene products inhibit the small G-protein Rheb1. Rheb1 activates mTORC1, which may cause refractory epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism. The mTORC1 inhibitors have been used for TSC patients with intractable epilepsy. However, its effectiveness for cognitive symptoms remains unclear. We found a new signaling pathway for synapse formation through Rheb1 activation, but not mTORC1. Here, we show that treatment with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib increased unfarnesylated (inactive) Rheb1 levels and restored synaptic abnormalities in culturedTsc2+/−neurons, whereas rapamycin did not enhance spine synapse formation. Lonafarnib treatment also restored the plasticity-related Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein) expression in culturedTsc2+/−neurons. Lonafarnib action was partly dependent on the Rheb1 reduction with syntenin. Oral administration of lonafarnib increased unfarnesylated protein levels without affecting mTORC1 and MAP (mitogen-activated protein (MAP)) kinase signaling, and restored dendritic spine morphology in the hippocampi of maleTsc2+/−mice. In addition, lonafarnib treatment ameliorated contextual memory impairments and restored memory-related Arc expression in maleTsc2+/−micein vivo. HeterozygousRheb1knockout in maleTsc2+/−mice reproduced the results observed with pharmacological treatment. These results suggest that the Rheb1 activation may be responsible for synaptic abnormalities and memory impairments inTsc2+/−mice, and its inhibition by lonafarnib could provide insight into potential treatment options for TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant disease that causes neuropsychiatric symptoms, including intractable epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID) and autism. No pharmacological treatment for ID has been reported so far. To develop a pharmacological treatment for ID, we investigated the mechanism of TSC and found that Rheb1 activation is responsible for synaptic abnormalities in TSC neurons. To inhibit Rheb1 function, we used the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib, because farnesylation of Rheb1 is required for its activation. Lonafarnib treatment increased inactive Rheb1 and recovered proper synapse formation and plasticity-related Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein) expression in TSC neurons. Furthermore,in vivolonafarnib treatment restored contextual memory and Arc induction in TSC mice. Together, Rheb1 inhibition by lonafarnib could provide insight into potential treatments for TSC-associated ID.
Shellac as Musical Plastic
Authors: Williams Gavin
Published: February 2022

Shellac was essential to the gramophone industry throughout the first half of the twentieth century, yet the material has long kept a low profile. At once inaudible and urgently required, shellac was a plastic and colonial commodity with wide-ranging applications. Building on recent scholarship that explores its ecological imbrication, this article additionally presents a case for understanding it as a musical thing. First, it shows how lac—the resinous encrustation of the lac insect, and a South Asian technique for preserving things over time—became a global commodity, shellac, aiding the development of sound reproduction. Second, it investigates a scientific bureaucracy promoting the study of the lac insect, which emerged in Indian forests during the 1920s. Third, it tracks how musical demand intensified a system of migrant, indentured, and technical labor involved in processing lac into shellac. In reconstructing shellac’s economic and scientific networks, the article argues that the material was a multiplicity, which entailed both the entangled knowledge systems of its production and a decisive switch: from bodily techniques of production into those of mediated musical listening. Through a focus on shellac, it decenters North American narratives about the development of sound reproduction technology, showing how South Asian knowledge, labor, and environments were profoundly involved, even if they were only rarely acknowledged in mediated musical experiences. Indeed, in an age before synthetic hydrocarbon polymers, shellac fulfilled the role of musical plastic through its inconspicuousness: its capacity to hold and harmonize multiple disc ingredients, while disappearing into the background it supplied.
Chinese Ears, Delicate or Dull? Toward a Decolonial Comparativism
Authors: Hu Zhuqing (Lester) S.
Published: February 2022

This article compares extractivist ideologies of voice and listening in late eighteenth-century Europe and China to envision a decolonial comparativism. Inspired by Dylan Robinson’s “apposite methodology,” the article “writes with” the French Jesuit Jean-Joseph-Marie Amiot, who compared European and Chinese ears several times during his career in Beijing to ascertain why the Chinese abhorred European harmony. Through his correspondence with the Republic of Letters, Amiot’s comparisons resonated with the “sharp-eared Chinese” trope in European discourse. The dialectics of this trope, laid bare in Johann Gottfried Herder’s surprisingly similar denigrations of China and of deafness, reflected an extractivist phonocentrism by which recognition of one’s subjectivity required opening oneself up to society’s extractive listening. Hegel and post-Thermidorian French elites even posited such extraction as the foundation for pluralism and progress. Though specifically othered by European phonocentrism, the Qing Empire then ruling China articulated similar ideologies. While Amiot compared the qupai stock melodies of Kunqu theater to the vaudeville songs of opéra-comique, eighteenth-century Qing court adaptations of Kunqu departed from the pervasive use of qupai to achieve a transcendent positionality of listening. Qing-imperial ethnographies of languages and songs further revealed such transcendent listening as undergirding the multiethnic empire, where subjecthood depended on proffering a voice to the imperial ear via an extractive phonography (“voice-writing”). The article concludes by situating this phonocentrism shared between Europe and China within current academic discourses on decolonization and deimperialization. It argues that comparativism can create spaces that facilitate “turning away” from the extraction of voices, which continues to sustain imperial hegemonies as uniquely transcendent ears.
Repercussions of the diagnosis of fetus malformation under the light of Betty Neuman's theory
Authors: Silva Cristiane Vanessa da , Carvalho Thais Cerqueira , Abrão Dibulo Ferreira , Silva Adriana Peixoto da , Morais Fernanda Rodrigues Chaves de , Carvalho Ivia Santos de
Published: February 2022

Objective: to understand the repercussions of the fetus malformation diagnosis in the life of pregnant women, under the light of Betty Neuman’s theory. Methods: qualitative study, based on Betty Neuman’s theory. The semistructured interview included ten women pregnant with malformed fetuses hospitalized in a maternity hospital specialized in fetal risk. The thematic analysis technique was used, respecting all ethical aspects. Results: the way in which the malformation is communicated, the lack of empathy from professionals, the lack of information, being alone, fearing judgment, and feeling guilty led to emotional alterations and changes in the projects of the pregnant women. The family, specialized care, and religiosity contributed for the balance of the participants. Conclusion: Neuman’s theory allowed us to recognize stressing factors that shook the lines of defense of the pregnant women, leading to fragilities which are overcome by specialized care and by a support network.
Revised Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Pancreatobiliary Association for Acute Pancreatitis: Purpose and Process of Guidelines
Authors: Choe Jung Wan , Lee Sang Hyub , Cheon Young Koog , Lee Hong Sik , Choi Miyoung
Published: February 2022

Acute pancreatitis can range from a mild, self-limiting disease that requires no more than supportive care to severe disease with life-threatening complications. Therefore, to provide a framework for clinicians to manage acute pancreatitis and to improve national health care, the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association (KPBA) established the first Korean guideline for the management of acute pancreatitis in 2013. However, many challenging issues exist, which sometimes lead to differences in practice between clinicians. Taking together the recent dramatic changes of latest knowledge and evidence newly obtained, the committee of the KPBA decided to perform an extensive revision of the guidelines. These revised guidelines were developed by using mainly Delphi methods, and the main topics of these guidelines fall under the following topics: 1) diagnosis, 2) severity assessment, 3) initial treatment, nutritional support, and convalescent treatment, 4) the treatment of local complication and necrotizing pancreatitis. The specific recommendations are presented with the quality of evidence and classification of recommendations.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Kim Kook Hyun
Published: February 2022

Acute cholecystitis (AC), defined as inflammation of the gallbladder, is mainly caused by gallstones. Over 90% of AC results from obstruction of the cystic duct by stones or sludge, which subsequently increases the intraluminal pressure within the gallbladder and, in conjunction with the presence of bile supersaturated with cholesterol, activates an acute inflammatory cascade. Clinical features play an important role in the diagnosis of AC. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 for acute cholecystitis designates the presence of local inflammatory signs and systemic inflammatory signs for a suspected diagnosis. It requires confirmation by radiological imaging along with these two factors for a definitive diagnosis. Thanks to less invasiveness, easy availability, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness, ultrasound (US) is usually accepted as the first choice in suspicious AC patients. A meta-analysis comparing methods of diagnosis for AC reported that the US has 81% of sensitivity and 83% of specificity. Abdominal computed tomography is recommended for diagnosing emphysematous or gangrenous cholecystitis. Meanwhile, acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is a life-threatening disease mainly in severely ill patients. It usually affects the patients hospitalized for multiple trauma, burns, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, long-term total parenteral nutrition or sepsis. The diagnosis of AAC is quite challenging and requires a high index of suspicion. Currently, cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for AC, although the optimal time for surgery is still controversial. Due to high morbidity and mortality in high surgical risk groups, percutaneous gallbladder drainage can be a safe and feasible alternative to cholecystectomy, particularly for patients unfit for the surgery.
Rapidly Growing Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreatic Head: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kang Eunhye , Choi Yoo-Shin , Oh Hyoung-Chul , Do Jae Hyuk , Hong Soon-Uk , Lee Seung Eun
Published: February 2022

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm accounting less than 1% of malignant pancreatic tumors. A 47-year-old male patient visited the emergency room with epigastric pain. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 4.7-cm heterogeneously enhanced solid and cystic mass with internal necrosis located in the head of the pancreas. Radiological diagnosis was borderline malignancy such as neuroendocrine tumor or solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Two months later, the necrotic mass in the pancreas head had grown up to 11 cm, compressing the duodenum, superior mesenteric vein, and proximal transverse colon. Pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with segmental resection of transverse colon was performed. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was pancreatic ACC. The patient recovered without any complication and was doing well without recurrence for 12 months after surgery.
Revised Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Pancreatobiliary Association for Acute Pancreatitis: Diagnosis
Authors: Jung Min Kyu , Koh Dong Hee , Cheon Young Koog
Published: February 2022

There is general acceptance that a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis requires two of the following three features: 1) epigastric or upper abdominal pain characteristic of acute pancreatitis, 2) serum amylase and/or lipase ≥3 times the upper limit of normal, and 3) characteristic findings of acute pancreatitis on abdominal images such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging. Other pancreatic diseases and acute abdomen have been ruled out before making a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Serum lipase may be more useful than serum amylase because serum lipase is thought to be more sensitive and specific than serum amylase in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Contrast-enhanced CT scan is the best imaging technique to rule out the conditions that masquerade as acute pancreatitis, to diagnose the severity of acute pancreatitis, and to identify complications of pancreatitis. The etiology of acute pancreatitis should be made clear as soon as possible to decide treatment policy of acute pancreatitis or to prevent the recurrence of pancreatitis. The etiology of acute pancreatitis in an emergency situation should be assessed by clinical history, laboratory tests such as serum liver function tests, measurement of serum calcium and serum triglycerides and ultrasonography. A differentiation of gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis should be given top priority in its etiologic diagnosis because early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should be considered if a complication of cholangitis and a prolonged passage disorder of the biliary tract are suspected.
An impressive response with larotrectinib in a patient with a papillary thyroid carcinoma harboring an SQSTM1-NTRK1 fusion
Authors: Bargas Sophie , Mc Leer Anne , Mondet Julie , Chabre Olivier , Laramas Mathieu
Published: February 2022

NTRK

rearrangements represent a very rare genomic abnormality among all cancers but can be detected in thyroid cancer with a non-negligible frequency of 2%. Dramatic clinical responses to therapies targeting NTRK chimeric proteins are now well described in the literature. SQSTM1-NTRK1fusions have not yet been described in a full clinical case report. We report a patient with a papillary thyroid carcinoma harboring this unique rearrangement, with an impressive clinical and radiologic response to larotrectinib, a highly specific inhibitor.