bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autophagy occurs in lymphocytes infiltrating Sjögren’s syndrome minor salivary glands and correlates with histological severity of salivary gland lesions
Authors: Colafrancesco Serena , Vomero Marta , Iannizzotto Valentina , Minniti Antonina , Barbati Cristiana , Arienzo Francesca , Mastromanno Linda , Colasanti Tania , Izzo Raffaella , Nayar Saba , Pipi Elena , Cerbelli Bruna , Giordano Carla , Ciccia Francesco , Conti Fabrizio , Valesini Guido , Barone Francesca , Priori Roberta , Alessandri Cristiano
Published: October 2020

Backgrounds

The organization of minor salivary glands (MSG) infiltrates, in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), associates with disease severity and progression. Aberrant regulation of lymphocyte autophagy is involved in autoimmunity, and in previous work, we provided the first evidence of upregulated autophagy in CD4+ T cells infiltrating SS MSG. The aim of this study was to further explore autophagy in SS infiltrating and circulating lymphocytes and to investigate its role in disease histopathological progression.

Methods

After collection of 20 SS MSG, the presence of lymphocyte aggregates (foci) and the formation of germinal center (GC)-like structures were observed by H&E and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of autophagy-related genes, Atg5 and MAP1LC3A, was detected by RT-PCR on microdissected salivary gland tissue and control tonsils. In MSG and tonsils, autophagic lymphocytes were identified by the detection of the autophagosome protein LC3B visualized as LC3 puncta staining by immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood autophagy was assessed by flow cytometry in SS and healthy controls (HC).

Results

Real-time PCR demonstrated higher expression in the autophagy genes Atg5 and MAP1LC3A in MSG GCs as compared to both small foci (p = 0.0075, p = 0.0002) and GCs from tonsils (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0037). In MSG, LC3 puncta staining was detectable on both CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes; in tonsils, LC3 puncta was almost undetectable on all lymphocytes. Compared to HC (n = 20), flow cytometry did not reveal any increase of autophagy in SS circulating lymphocytes (n = 30).

Conclusions

In SS MSG, lymphocytes’ autophagy is a feature of infiltrating T and B cells and is associated with histological severity. Interestingly, in MSG aberrant regulation of autophagy is detectable in GC-like structures possibly indicating its involvement in the development and persistence of the autoimmune process within the lesions.
LncRNA H19 promotes odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells by regulating miR-140-5p and BMP-2/FGF9
Authors: Zhong Jialin , Tu Xinran , Kong Yuanyuan , Guo Liyang , Li Baishun , Zhong Wenchao , Cheng Ying , Jiang Yiguo , Jiang Qianzhou
Published: October 2020

Background

Increasing evidence has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert critical roles in biological mineralization. As a critical process for dentin formation, odontoblastic differentiation is regulated by complex signaling networks. The present study aimed to investigate the biological role and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-H19 (H19) in regulating the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Methods

We performed lncRNA microarray assay to reveal the expression patterns of lncRNAs involved in odontoblastic differentiation. H19 was identified and verified as a critical factor by qRT-PCR. The gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed to investigate the biological role of H19 in regulating odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro and in vivo. Odontoblastic differentiation was evaluated through qRT-PCR, Western blot, and Alizarin Red S staining. Bioinformatics analysis identified that H19 could directly interact with miR-140-5p, which was further verified by luciferase reporter assay. After overexpression of miR-140-5p in hDPSCs, odontoblastic differentiation was determined. Moreover, the potential target genes of miR-140-5p were investigated and the biological functions of BMP-2 and FGF9 in hDPSCs were verified. Co-transfection experiments were conducted to validate miR-140-5p was involved in H19-mediated odontoblastic differentiation in hDPSCs.

Results

The expression of H19 was significantly upregulated in hDPSCs undergoing odontoblastic differentiation. Overexpression of H19 stimulated odontoblastic differentiation in vitro and in vivo, whereas downregulation of H19 revealed the opposite effect. H19 binds directly to miR-140-5p and overexpression of miR-140-5p inhibited odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. H19 acted as a miR-140-5p sponge, resulting in regulated the expression of BMP-2 and FGF9. Overexpression of H19 abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR-140-5p on odontoblastic differentiation.

Conclusion

Our data revealed that H19 plays a positive regulatory role in odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs through miR-140-5p/BMP-2/FGF9 axis, suggesting that H19 may be a stimulatory regulator of odontogenesis.
Comparison of aflatoxins contamination levels in betel nuts (Areca catechu L.) imported from Asian countries
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Asif , Ahmed Aftab , Asghar Muhammad Arif
Published: October 2020

Background

Aspergillus and their linked metabolites such as aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the extremely significant contaminants affecting food production around the world. The contamination of AFs has been identified in various food commodities, which have been recognized as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive. The present study was undertaken to assess the AFs contamination in betel nuts (Areca catechuL.) being imported to Pakistan from South Asian countries during 2018–2019.

Methods

A total of 143 betel nuts consignments (India = 80, Indonesia = 39 and Sri Lanka = 24) were obtained and analyzed for the AF contamination using immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up procedure subsequent by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results: In Indian-origin betel nuts, about 96.3% samples were contaminated with AFs, ranging from 1.18‒331.57 µg/kg with mean contamination of 76.11 ± 1.12 µg/kg; whereas, in Indonesian and Sri Lankan shipments, 100% samples of betel nuts were found infected with AFs, ranging between 1.88‒378.94 and 4.74‒106.58 µg/kg with an average level of 123.76 ± 1.25 and 47.95 ± 0.98 µg/kg, respectively.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the AFs levels present an acute toxicity to human health and also hazard factors for the economy since contaminated foodstuffs do not fulfill the requirements of export/import. Therefore, instant actions should be engaged and re-evaluate agricultural procedures and regular monitoring of AFs level in food stuffs to minimize the chances of various diseases such as oral pre-cancerous oral wounds, submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma (cancer).
Eating disorders and oral health: a scoping review on the role of dietitians
Authors: Patterson-Norrie Tiffany , Ramjan Lucie , Sousa Mariana S. , Sank Lindy , George Ajesh
Published: October 2020

Background

Compromised nutritional intake due to eating disorder related behaviors, such as binge eating and purging, can lead to multi-system medical complications, including an irreversible impact on oral health. However, dental anxiety, fear or embarrassment may hinder individuals with an eating disorder from seeking assistance for their oral health concerns. As key health professionals in eating disorder treatment, dietitians are well positioned to provide basic dental screening, however, their capacity to perform this role in practice has not been established. The aim of this review was to identify current evidence on the role of dietitians in promoting oral health among individuals with eating disorders.

Methods

A comprehensive search of eight electronic databases and the grey literature was conducted to address the following three focus areas: 1) guidelines and recommendations on the role of dietitians in oral health 2) knowledge, attitudes and practices of dietitians regarding oral health promotion and; 3) current models of oral health care and resources for dietitians.

Results

Twelve articles were included. The review indicated that current national and international position statements encourage dietitians to conduct basic oral health screening and promote oral health in high risk populations, such as those with an eating disorder. However, no evidence was found to indicate dietitians performed oral health screening or education in populations with an eating disorder. In other population settings, dietitians were found to play a role in oral health promotion, however, were noted to have mixed knowledge on oral health risk factors, prevention and treatment and generally were not providing referrals. Some oral health promotion resources existed for dietitians working in pediatric, HIV and geriatric clinical areas however no resources were identified for dietitians working in eating disorder settings.

Conclusion

Despite current evidence showing that dietitians can play a role in oral health care, no models of care exist where dietitians promote oral health among individuals with an eating disorder. There are also no training resources and screening tools for dietitians in this area. Further research is required to develop this model of care and assess its feasibility and acceptability.
Life satisfaction among a clinical eating disorder population
Authors: Claydon Elizabeth A. , DeFazio Caterina , Lilly Christa L. , Zullig Keith J.
Published: October 2020

Background

The primary objective was to understand life satisfaction (LS) of patients with eating disorders (EDs) in relation to eating pathology severity, personal/familial ED history, and key demographic and anthropometric variables.

Methods

Participants (N = 60) completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Eating Pathology Severity Index (EPSI), and demographic questionnaires. Bivariate associations via correlations and multiple linear regression models were used to explore these relationships.

Results

The SWLS mean score was 3.7 out of 7, suggesting it is below the population-based norm. LS was positively statistically significantly associated with private insurance, past ED, EPSI muscle building, EPSI restricted eating, and EPSI negative attitudes. When included in multiple linear regression, the model explained 33% of the variability of LS [F (7, 56) = 3.4, p = 0.0054, R2 = 0.33]. EPSI muscle building remained the strongest predictor (β = 0.13, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Based on the data, individuals who have/have had EDs scored lower on the SWLS than the general population. Individuals scoring within this range typically experience significant issues in several areas of life or a substantial issue in one area.
Electrolyte-based calculation of fluid shifts after infusing 0.9% saline in severe hyperglycemia
Authors: Svensson Robert , Zdolsek Joachim , Malm Marcus , Hahn Robert G.
Published: October 2020

Background

Early treatment of severe hyperglycemia involves large shifts of body fluids that entail a risk of hemodynamic instability. We studied the feasibility of applying a new electrolyte equation that estimates the degree of volume depletion and the distribution of infused 0.9% saline in this setting.

Methods

The new equation was applied to plasma and urinary concentrations of sodium and chloride measured before and 30 min after a 30-min infusion of 1 L of 0.9% saline on two consecutive days in 14 patients with severe hyperglycemia (mean age 50 years). The extracellular fluid (ECF) volume was also estimated based on the volume dilution kinetics of chloride.

Results

On day 1, the baseline ECF volume amounted to 11.5 L. The saline infusion expanded the ECF space by 160 mL and the intracellular fluid space by 375 mL. On day 2, the ECF volume was 15.5 L, and twice as much of the infused fluid remained in the ECF space. The chloride dilution kinetics yielded baseline ECF volumes of 11.6 and 15.2 L on day 1 and day 2, respectively. No net uptake of glucose to the cells occurred during the two 1-h measurement periods despite insulin administration in the intervening time period.

Conclusions

The electrolyte equation was feasible to apply in a group of hyperglycemic patients. The ECF space was 3 L smaller than expected on admission but normal on the second day. Almost half of the infused fluid was distributed intracellularly.
Integrating image fusion with nanoparticle contrast agents for diagnosis: a review
Authors: Manson Eric Naab , Hasford Francis , Inkoom Stephen , Gedel Ahmed Mohammed
Published: October 2020

Background

As newer technologies in the field of medical imaging continue to expand, development of unique techniques for optimizing image quality and minimizing radiation dose becomes very necessary for improve diagnosis of pathologies and patient safety. Different types of medical imaging devices have been developed for specific diagnostic purposes.

Main text

This article provides a brief overview on the need for co-registration of some medical images into a single image (image fusion), advantages of some nanoparticle contrast agents in medical imaging, and a discussion of present and future role of integrating image fusion with nanoparticle contrast agents in diagnosis.

Conclusion

The use of nanoparticle contrast agents together with image fusion is a promising technique in future medical imaging as is likely to reveal pathologies of ≤ 1 nm sizes.
Value of musculoskeletal ultrasound in assessment of rheumatoid hand function
Authors: Safar Aya Hamed , Zaki Mohamed G. , Al-Zifzaf Dina S. , El-Hilaly Rana A. , Abaza Nouran
Published: October 2020

Background

Musculoskeletal ultrasound can be now considered a complement to physical examination in rheumatoid arthritis. This study evaluates the role of musculoskeletal ultrasound in assessment of rheumatoid hand function and underlying functional defects and disabilities in order to find out a possibly better tool for assessment.

Results

Hand grip weakness was significantly associated with metacarpophalangeal joints synovitis of ulnar 4 fingers (p = 0.045), wrist joint synovitis (p = 0.009), flexor tendons tenosynovitis of the ulnar 4 fingers (p = 0.001), flexor pollicis longus tendon tenosynovitis (p = 0.013).

Hand function impairment by grip ability test was significantly associated with metacarpophalangeal joints synovitis of ulnar 4 fingers (p = 0.009), wrist joint synovitis (p = 0.004), and flexor tendons tenosynovitis of the ulnar 4 fingers (p = 0.042). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the most influencing factor affecting grip ability test and hand grip strength was ulnar 4 Flexor tendons tenosynovitis (P = 0.023, P = 0.037) respectively.

Conclusions

Joint synovitis and tenosynovitis that are detected by musculoskeletal ultrasound can be used as an assessment tool for hand function in rheumatoid arthritis, since they are associated with reduced hand grip strength and impaired hand ability.
Identification of suitable substitute for Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz) by phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation
Authors: C. T. Sulaiman , C.K. Jyothi , Unnithan Jinu Krishnan , K.M. Prabhukumar , Balachandran Indira
Published: October 2020

Background

Sarpagandhais an important Ayurveda drug used for treating many diseases including high blood pressure.Rauvolfia serpentinais the genuine source plant forSarpagandhaand it is a critically endangered species belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The present study is aimed at finding out an appropriate substitute for the endangered speciesR. serpentinaby evaluating the phytochemistry and biological activities of allied species such asRauvolfia tetraphyllaL,Rauvolfia hookeriS.R.Sriniv. & Chithra,Rauvolfia micranthaHook.f., andRauvolfia verticillata(Lour.) Baill.

Results

The result indicated that the root ofR. serpentinais phytochemically similar with that ofR. tetraphylla. Chemical profiling using HPTLC showed similar chemical profiles forR. serpentinaandR. tetraphylla. LC/MS characterization of various species showed that most of the active alkaloids are common for bothR. serpentinaandR. tetraphylla. Anti-hypertensive activity and analgesic activity were evaluated in experimental animal model.Rauvolfia serpentinaandR. tetraphyllashowed comparatively significant reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure. Comparable analgesic activity was also shown byR. serpentinaandR. tetraphylla.

Conclusion

On the basis of phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation, it was concluded that the root ofR. tetraphyllacan be used as a validated substitute forSarpagandha.

Graphical abstract
Unique role of admission hyperglycemia on myocardial infarction size and area at risk following an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Meshref Taghreed Sayed , Ashry Mahmoud Aly , El-Aal Refaat Fathi Abd , Imam Hisham Mostafa , Hamad Dina Ali
Published: October 2020

Background

Hyperglycemia can adversely affect patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The majority of the studies had investigated the impact of admission hyperglycemia (AH) on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality while, in ours, we entailed its impact on final infarction size (FIS) and more interestingly, on the area at risk (AAR), both were estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.

Results

AH showed significant positive correlations to FIS and AAR. Moreover, AH group had higher summation of ST segment elevation (sum STE), more maximum ST segment elevation (max STE), higher echocardiographic wall motion score index (WMSI), higher CMR estimated WMSI, and lower segmental ejection fraction (EF). Multivariate analysis showed that AH was independently associated with increased FIS.

Conclusion

Current study showed an association between AH and large FIS in STEMI patients.
Designing Secularity at Sarang Church
Authors: Mellquist Lehto Heather
Published: October 2020

The Sarang Global Ministry Center (SGMC) in Seoul, South Korea, is well known for its architectural design and for several controversies surrounding its construction. The SGMC does not have conventional Christian architectural features, such as a steeple or stone facade; instead, the church resembles a luxury department store. Reactions to this building have been mixed, reflecting differing opinions about Christianity in South Korea. Some value the fact that the building’s aesthetics blend Christian activities with everyday life outside the church. Others criticize the building’s corporate appearance, citing it as evidence that Sarang Church is “just a business.” While the way religion is permitted to operate in South Korean secular society is partially defined by legal principles, such as the separation of church and state and state neutrality toward religion, secularism also entails an active configuration of the social order through lived experience. Secularity both constitutes and is constituted by the materiality of religious space, which disputes over the SGMC design make clear. Considering varied responses to the SGMC building project, this article highlights how church architecture, city planning, and consumer capitalism participate in the shaping of Korean Protestant Christianity and how it manifests within South Korea’s secular social and political order.
Implication of backward contact tracing in the presence of overdispersed transmission in COVID-19 outbreaks
Authors: Endo Akira ,   Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Working Group, Leclerc Quentin J. , Knight Gwenan M. , Medley Graham F. , Atkins Katherine E. , Funk Sebastian , Kucharski Adam J.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Contact tracing has the potential to control outbreaks without the need for stringent physical distancing policies, e.g. civil lockdowns. Unlike forward contact tracing, backward contact tracing identifies the source of newly detected cases. This approach is particularly valuable when there is high individual-level variation in the number of secondary transmissions (overdispersion).

Methods: By using a simple branching process model, we explored the potential of combining backward contact tracing with more conventional forward contact tracing for control of COVID-19. We estimated the typical size of clusters that can be reached by backward tracing and simulated the incremental effectiveness of combining backward tracing with conventional forward tracing.

Results: Across ranges of parameter values consistent with dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, backward tracing is expected to identify a primary case generating 3-10 times more infections than average, typically increasing the proportion of subsequent cases averted by a factor of 2-3. The estimated number of cases averted by backward tracing became greater with a higher degree of overdispersion.

Conclusion: Backward contact tracing can be an effective tool for outbreak control, especially in the presence of overdispersion as was observed with SARS-CoV-2.
Didymocyrtis epiphyscia (Phaeosphaeriaceae) is new to Kazakhstan and Central Asia
Authors: Tsurykau Andrei , Braginets Ludmila
Published: October 2020

Didymocyrtis epiphyscia s. lat. is reported for the first time for Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Anatomical characteristics of studied material are provided. Taxonomic difficulties of the D. epiphyscia complex are discussed. A possibly new lichenicolous Didymocyrtis species (on Parmelia sulcata) with non-guttulate conidia is described, illustrated and discussed.
An addition to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi of Greece with a key to the lichenicolous fungi on Collema s. l.
Authors: Brackel Wolfgang , Döbbeler Peter
Published: October 2020

Didymellopsis pulposi, Pronectria diplococca, P. pedemontana, Stigmidium hageniae and Tremella anaptychiae are reported as new to Greece. Pronectria diplococca is reported as new to Austria. A key to the lichenicolous fungi on Collema s. l. is provided.
Fletcher’s Versification
Authors: Tarlinskaja Marina
Published: October 2020

The essay deals with Fletcher’s versification compared to his contemporaries and co-authors. Fletcher had the most feminine endings compared to other playwrights, more compound feminine endings, and more heavy (stressed) feminine endings. He had few run-on lines: run-on lines and compound feminine endings are in reverse proportion. The main features outlined in the paper are the distribution of stressing and strong syntactic breaks in the line, types of line endings, and the syntactic and semantic function of enclitic micro-phrases. Fletcher’s verse had undergone an evolution, from Bonduca and Valentinian (1610–13) to The Island Princess (1621–23), e. g. the changed place of strong syntactic breaks. Analysis of Massinger’s verse confirmed Oras’s impression that it was prose-like: Massinger often squeezed two syllables into the same metrical slot; he had little hemistich segmentation; and he often divided his lines syntactically; the second part of the divided line ran-over onto the next line, thus effacing the division of his verse into lines. Unlike Shakespeare’s enjambments, which are composed with masculine endings and with an unstressed monosyllabic grammatical word placed on position 10, Massinger’s syntactic breaks in midline and run-on lines occur with compound light feminine endings.
Sergei Kormilov (06.06.1951–20.06.2020)
Authors: Belousova Anastasia , Pilshchikov Igor , Polilova Vera
Published: October 2020

Sergei Kormilov (06.06.1951–20.06.2020)
Ain Kaalep (04.06.1926–09.06.2020)
Authors: Lotman Mihhail
Published: October 2020

Ain Kaalep (04.06.1926–09.06.2020)
Literary Reading Lesson in Third Grade
Authors: Voskoboynikova E. , Struchaeva Tamara
Published: October 2020

The article considers a variant of a literary reading lesson, in which third grade students study a story with elements of a fairy tale by A.P. Gaidar - "Hot Stone". The teacher uses active teaching methods, offering younger schoolchildren paired and group forms of work, as well as educational research on the concept of “the meaning of life” with its different content. Work on the theme and ideological meaning of a literary work contributes to the formation of an active life position in younger students. A feature of the lesson is the inclusion of local history material in its content.
Speech Warm-Ups As the Means of Developing Speech-Reasoning by Primary Schoolchildren
Authors: Fedorova N.
Published: October 2020

The article reveals a little-known method of organizing speech workouts as a structural element of a lesson in order to form speech-reasoning. Specific examples of speech warm-ups in the lessons of literary reading and the surrounding world are given, which allow developing the skills of primary school students to construct reasoning according to the rules of this type of speech: explain, reflect, provide evidence, express their own judgments.
Rare health conditions 39: Krabbe disease; chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome (‘CANDLE’); Batten disease; and working with young children
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this series is to highlight a range of rare health conditions: those that affect no more and usually fewer than 1 person in every 2000. Many healthcare assistants (HCAs) and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of these conditions. This 39th article will briefly explore three of these conditions—Krabbe disease, chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome (CANDLE), and Batten disease—and also discuss working with young children and their families.
Genetics
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: October 2020

The role of genes in explaining, investigating or treating disease has increased. This article provides a fundamental introduction to genetics. When the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) have knowledge and insight regarding genetics, along with an awareness of the impact of genetic disorders on individuals, they may be able to offer effective support to people as their needs dictate. All kinds of disease can have a potentially devastating and challenging impact on the individual and their family; however, when there are genetic aspects also present, this very often complicates the picture.

The article concludes with a glossary and a quiz.
Is the modified Gartland classification system important in deciding the need for operative management of supracondylar humerus fractures?
Authors: Teo Tammie L. , Schaeffer Emily K. , Habib Eva , El-Hawary Ron , Larouche Patricia , Shore Benjamin , Aarvold Alexander , Carsen Sasha , Reilly Christopher , Mulpuri Kishore
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study examined levels of agreement between paediatric orthopaedic surgeons in the need for operative management of extension-type supracondylar humerus ­fractures.

Methods

This was the second phase of a two-part study. De-identified baseline anteroposterior and lateral elbow radiographs from 60 paediatric patients with extension-type supracondylar humerus fractures were compiled. After classifying each fracture according to Gartland classification guidelines, radiographs were randomized, and surgeons indicated whether they would use operative or non-operative management to treat each fracture. Kappa statistics using pairwise comparisons were calculated to determine agreement levels.

Results

In total, 11 international surgeons participated, and 10/11 completed both survey rounds. The overall weighted interobserver agreement was moderate (0.530, 95%CI [0.215,0.854]) while overall weighted intraobserver agreement was substantial (0.740, 95%CI [0.513,0.963]). The largest variability in preferred treatment methods between surgeons was observed for type IIA fractures, with 6/11 preferring non-operative and 5/11 preferring operative management. The largest individual surgeon variability was observed for type IIA fractures, with 8/11 showing variability (defined by not having made the same decision for at least 90% of the cases) in choosing whether to operate.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest moderate interobserver, and substantial intraobserver agreement in treatment decision making. The largest disagreements between surgeons were observed for type IIA and IIB fractures and treatment decisions did not follow expected trends based on surgeons’ preferred treatment methods for each fracture type. This suggests differences in treatment approaches between surgeons in the management of type IIA fractures and highlights the role of other variables that underlie differences between surgeons’ treatment preferences.

Level of evidence

III
Multifield acquisition technology for a narrow beacon laser on the non-orbit determination platform
Authors: Yu Siyuan , Li Bo , Tan Liying , Ma Jing , Kang Dongpeng
Published: October 2020

The application of free space optical communications technology between unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) can significantly improve its communications rate and capacity. However, it will produce strong disturbance due to the change of external conditions when the UAV is flying, which will affect the acquisition probability of a light beacon. The wide beacon can generally increase the acquisition range and acquisition probability, but there are disadvantages of increased weight and energy consumption. We report on an advanced method to improve the performance of narrow beacon spatial acquisition under the condition of UAV drift. The acquisition probability model has been established to study narrow beacon spatial acquisition considering UAV drift. A multiscanning method is proposed to improve the acquisition probability instead of simply increasing the scanning area to overcome severe UAV drift, which is also proven by experimental validation. Moreover, through the control method of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), the pointing accuracy of multifield fast scanning is improved under the condition of external interference. This technique is extremely useful to develop a smaller, lighter terminal for UAV optical communications in the future.
Propagation of high energy lasers through clouds: modeling and simulation
Authors: Lawrence Andrew , Akers Benjamin F.
Published: October 2020

A model for 10.6 µm high energy laser beam interaction with a uniform, monodisperse cloud of water droplets is developed. The model includes droplet and vapor heating as well as droplet shattering in the “fast regime” as defined in Appl. Opt. 28, 3671 (1989)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.28.003671. The cloud dynamics feed back on the laser via changes in the complex refractive index. In one space dimension, the model is solved exactly, including an explicit formula for the front of the cleared channel. Numerical simulations are conducted for the axisymmetric three-dimensional case. Model predictions and limitations are discussed.
Enhancing optical delay using cross-Kerr nonlinearity in Rydberg atoms
Authors: Zhao Shucai , Zhou Wenpeng , Cai Yongqi , Chang Zengguang , Zeng Qingtian , Peng Yandong
Published: October 2020

A scheme to enhance the optical delay in Rydberg atoms is proposed. In
the linear case, the optical delay in a four-level system can be
significantly enhanced compared to that of the three-level system.
However, the width of the transparent window will decrease with an
increase in the optical delay. In the nonlinear case, the nonlinear
dispersion becomes steep around the transparency window. The enhanced
cross-Kerr nonlinearity mainly contributes to the effective
dispersion, which dramatically increases the optical delay. The
simulation result shows that the optical delay of the system could be
enhanced tens of times; moreover, the wide transparency window
remains. So the delay-bandwidth product could be significantly
improved due to nonlinear dispersion. We further examine Gaussian
pulse propagation in the Rydberg atoms.
Coexistence of circular dichroism and asymmetric transmission in a stretchable chiral metamaterial
Authors: Zhou Lei , Peng Yuanhong , Wang Yueke , Lu Mengjia , Zhou Jiaxin , Ding Jian , Sang Tian
Published: October 2020

A stretchable chiral metamaterial with Au nanoslits and L-shaped and T-shaped Au patterns (SCMM-NLT), which can simultaneously produce circular dichroism (CD) and asymmetric transmission (AT) effects for circularly polarized waves in the mid-infrared region, is proposed. The peak values of CD and AT effects reach 20.4% and

−

20.4

%

at the resonance wavelength of 23.4 µm, respectively, which originate from the excitation of the bonding and antibonding modes. We use the transmission matrix to analyze the simultaneous appearance of CD and AT effects. By stretching SCMM-NLT, the bands of CD and AT occur at the redshift phenomenon, which is attributed to the decrease of Coulomb force between the positive and negative charge accumulated at both ends of the structure. All results are calculated by the FEM-based software COMSOL Multiphysics. In the future, our findings could be applied to wearable electronic devices, such as refractive index sensors.
Non-plasmonic improvement in photoconductive THz emitters using nano- and micro-structured electrodes
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Welsch Malte , Winnerl Stephan , Helm Manfred , Schneider Harald
Published: October 2020

We investigate here terahertz enhancement effects arising from micrometer and nanometer structured electrode features of photoconductive terahertz emitters. Nanostructured electrode based emitters utilizing the palsmonic effect are currently one of the hottest topics in the research field. We demonstrate here that even in the absence of any plasmonic resonance with the pump pulse, such structures can improve the antenna effect by enhancing the local d.c. electric field near the structure edges. Utilizing this effect in Hilbert-fractal and grating-like designs, enhancement of the THz field of up to a factor of ∼ 2 is observed. We conclude that the cause of this THz emission enhancement in our emitters is different from the earlier reported plasmonic-electrode effect in a similar grating-like structure. In our structure, the proximity of photoexcited carriers to the electrodes and local bias field enhancement close to the metallization cause the enhanced efficiency. Due to the nature of this effect, the THz emission efficiency is almost independent of the pump laser polarization. Compared to the plasmonic effect, these effects work under relaxed device fabrication and operating conditions.
Single nanosecond-pulse production of polymeric fiber Bragg gratings for biomedical applications
Authors: Cheng Xin , Gunawardena Dinusha Serandi , Pun Chi-Fung Jeff , Bonefacino Julien , Tam Hwa-Yaw
Published: October 2020

In this study, we present first-time fabrication of FBGs in all ZEONEX-based SMPOFs with a single 25 ns pulse of 248 nm UV irradiation over a 12-month period, which opens up new frontiers in optics and photonics for the effective fabrication of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs), permitting mass producibility of them. POFBGs were characterized by subjecting them to various physical parameters including temperature and tensile strain. Strain responses of FBGs with similar grating strengths fabricated with 248 nm and 325 nm He-Cd laser irradiations were explored over a year to demonstrate their long-term stability and applicability. Owing to the unique features of the proposed sensing device fabricated by embedding POFBGs in silicone rubber, a good performance in the detection of human heart rate with an amplitude of 4 pm, which is 4 times higher compared to that of silica single mode fiber (SMF) was demonstrated. The response of the sensing device during a human respiration process was also explored where exhalation and inhalation were monitored and distinguished while the breath was held. These revelations signify the importance of ZEONEX-based POFBGs, which allow consistent and effective grating fabrication and are highly promising in the foreseeable future for biomedical applications.
In Defense of Plato's Intermediates
Authors: Altman William Henry Furness
Published: October 2020

Once we realize that the indivisible and infinitely repeatable One of the arithmetic lesson in Republic7 is generated by διάνοια at Parmenides 143a6-9, it becomes possible to revisit the Divided Line’s Second Part and see that Aristotle’s error was not to claim that Plato placed Intermediates between the Ideas and sensible things but to restrict that class to the mathematical objects Socrates used to explain it. All of the One-Over-Many Forms of Republic10 that Aristotle, following Plato, attacked with the Third Man, are equally dependent on Images and above all on the Hypothesis of the One (Republic 510b4-8).
Sócrates, como Odiseo, invocador de las almas de los muertos (ψυχαγωγεῖ Σωκράτης …ὥσπερ Οὑδυσσεύς)
Authors: Bordoy Francesc Casadesús
Published: October 2020

The expression ψυχαγωγεῖ Σωκράτης used by Aristophanes in Birds has been interpreted in different ways. However, the fact that the comediographer compares the action of invoking the souls of the dead to Odysseus, ὥσπερ Οὑδυσσεύς, suggests that book 11 of the Odyssey was the model that inspired the scene. Many platonic passages from Protagoras, Republic, Gorgias, Phaedo and Apology explain which could have been the cause of the aristophanic parody: Socrates’ propensity to mention Odysseus in his descriptions of what is awaiting for the souls in Hades after the death.
Socrate o dello specchio. Strategie di scrittura nell’Apologia e nell’Alcibiade
Authors: Palumbo Lidia
Published: October 2020

Through a mention to the Middle Platonists and a reference to a late antique text that presents a comparison between Plato and the Demiurge, I set out to show just one of those rhetorical strategies that have been used by the author Plato to give his writings the unity and consistency that make the corpus a kosmos, a living animal, like the universe. After having identified among the rhetorical strategies the one that uses examples and explained what such a strategy means, I analyse the Platonic use of the example of the mirror identified with Socrates in two writings, the Apology of Socrates and the Alcibiades I.
Regular el mundo de la fiesta: un proyecto normativo en Leyes
Authors: Bernabé Alberto
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with of one aspect of “The Laws”: the rules proposed on partying, drinking and the type of music and dance presided over by Dionysus. The Athenian tries to combine: a) the need for education to form law-abiding citizens capable of defending the city; b) the need to control the disturbing effects of drinking and debauchery on music and dance; and c) the desire to maintain the Athenian tradition they were proud of: the conciliation of military excellence and the fun produced by drinking, music and dance.
Pamięć zbiorowa a indywidualne wizje przyszłości w filmie Kiriłła Sieriebriennikowa Uczeń
Authors: Raspapou Aliaksandr
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the functioning of collective memory and its manifestations in contemporary Russian cinematography. The author analyzes the play Martyr by the German playwright Marius von Mayenburg and compares it with the film The Student directed by a Russian filmmaker Kirill Serebrennikov. The author refers to the concept of collective memory in order to explain its significance in the process of constructing and preserving national identity. On the basis of this analysis it is shown that the youngest generation of Russians are experiencing an identity crisis, and that they are trying to redefine the models and patterns imposed on it in an effort to find its place in today’s world.
Русские экклезионимы (на материале Географическо-статистического словаря Российской империи П. П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского)
Authors: Janik-Borecka Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

This article shows the analysis of ecclesionyms extracted from the first volume of the five-volume Geographical-statistical dictionary of the Russian Empire by P. P. Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky. This text aims to presents the term ecclesionym as one of toponyms. The following three classifications have been suggested: 1) classification involving the key word indicating the type of the temple, 2) classification involving a descriptive component, 3) motivational classification.
«Вечные темы» в юмористических рассказах Аркадия Аверченко
Authors: Polakowska Ewa
Published: October 2020

The paper describes the early period of Averchenko’s work. His stories were based on hilarious topics, humour and caricatures. The writer used all this means of expression very freely, easily, with a gentle tact and power of conviction, and what is even more important, with humour and wittily. During this period, he chose topics focused on a common big city life, stories of ordinary people, “new” trends in art, always up-to-date topic of man and woman, as well as relations between fathers and their children. Showing the portrait of a common citizen, the satirists laughed at defects of the contemporary world. This is how the particular humour Averchenko’s manifested.
Postać wszechświatowego człowieka w twórczości reżysera, scenarzysty i muzyka Michaiła Miesteckiego
Authors: Szubin Roman
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the concept and image of the one-man (rus. mirovoj chelovek). Mikhail Mestetsky – a screenwriter, a director, a musician, the founder and frontman of the group Shklovsky. His work is permeated with anarchic and revolutionary motifs of destruction and provocation. However, along with the aesthetics of destruction, there is a tendency towards collective behavior, the essentialization of the collective. The group, the detachment, the team, the union, and the sect are the favorite categories of Mestetsky's poetics. The identification of „all as one” in the category of the one-man (Wardan Hayrapetyan), collective body occurs in the film Rag Union (2015). The main plot of Mestetsky is set against this background – the self-education of personality and the character formation.
Językowe sposoby autoprezentacji (na przykładzie) regionalnego ośrodka telewizyjnego w Archangielsku
Authors: Zagórska Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

The article comprises an academic reflection on linguistic methods of self-presentation, used on regional television in Arkhangelsk. The material was collected in 2018 when the centre was celebrating its 55th anniversary. Moreover, earlier research in television broadcast in the north of Russia was taken into account. Editorial self-presentation is conducted in different ways. It embraces articles published on the website of the radio station and anniversary materials broadcasted on-air which later are uploaded on the web as podcasts.  Self-presentation is also created by the image of the radio station reconstituted thanks to agenda, daily news feeds from 2018, examined in the context of sources from 2001-2018. Linguistic analysis is the affirmation of the medium’s form which is listener-oriented. What is more, within last few years the growth of axiological dimension was observed (for instance: religious magazines). Some website as well as on-air statements provide a persuasive step in order to create positive self-presentation. The radio station is seemed to be modern, professional and familiar with every human being, who is interested in social problems.
Mood alternation in German: Negation as a specific case of epistemic weakening
Authors: Abraham Werner , Nishiwaki Maiko
Published: October 2020

This paper is mainly about a unique case of syntactic epistemic weakening, i.e. the present subjunctive mood and its negation trigger in surface coordination. In contrast to modern colloquial German, which limits the use of the present subjunctive quite restrictively to root clauses, the older periods of German, Old and Middle High German, showed an extended use of the subjunctive beyond root, i.e. also in dependent structures. However, the semantically interpreted as well as the grammatical subjunctive got entirely lost in Modern colloquial, albeit not quite in Standard written German. The focus of this paper is the discussion of mood in early complex (subordinated or coordinated) negated sentences. Exploiting mainly the MHG text of theLay of the Nibelungs, we focus on negated matrix structures, in superficially coordinated, but semantically dependent clauses. This suggests that thene-particle in co-construction with the subjunctive on the predicate was used to code clausal dependence from the previous (negated) clause. In further course, in specific semantic constructions, the original Middle High German interpretability of paratactic negation and the consequent denotation of non-factual situations were lost and gave way to the pure syntactic coding of dependency. The triangle of triggers contributing to the complex phenomenon consists of 1. negation of different sorts and in various syntactic distributions, 2. dependency marking, and 3. indicative–subjunctive marking on the dependent predicate. The attempt is made to draw comparisons to other epistemicity triggers such as syntactic and lexical nonveridicals.
Kill one or kill the many: interplay between mitophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Wanderoy Simone , Hees J. Tabitha , Klesse Ramona , Edlich Frank , Harbauer Angelika B.
Published: October 2020

Mitochondria are key players of cellular metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. The functionality of mitochondria is tightly regulated, and dysfunctional mitochondria are removed via mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy that is compromised in hereditary forms of Parkinson’s disease. Through mitophagy, cells are able to cope with mitochondrial stress until the damage becomes too great, which leads to the activation of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Active pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins facilitate the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) into the cytosol, committing the cell to apoptosis by activating a cascade of cysteinyl-aspartate specific proteases (caspases). We are only beginning to understand how the choice between mitophagy and the activation of caspases is determined on the mitochondrial surface. Intriguingly in neurons, caspase activation also plays a non-apoptotic role in synaptic plasticity. Here we review the current knowledge on the interplay between mitophagy and caspase activation with a special focus on the central nervous system.
Einsatz von Linked Data in Archivinformationssystemen – Chancen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Weissgerber Alexandra , Stettler Niklaus
Published: October 2020

Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, dass sich mit Linked Data wesentliche Schwächen bisheriger Archivinformationssysteme (AIS) überwinden lassen. Es wird ein am Schweizerischen Institut für Informationswissenschaft (SII) der FH Graubünden entwickeltes Pilotsystem vorgestellt, das dazu dient, Lösungen für aktuelle Herausforderungen aus der Praxis anzugehen. Beispielhaft wird gezeigt wie das Datenmodell flexibel für die Use Cases des Archivs erweiterbar ist und wie Materialien, die aufgrund des Datenschutzes für längere Zeit unter besonderen Schutz gestellt werden müssen, in einem Linked Data-AIS verwaltet werden können.
Developing shared communication practices: A study of BELF in multinational team meetings
Authors: Nielsen Tone Holt
Published: October 2020

A growing number of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) adopt English as their official corporate language. Research on English used as a business lingua franca (BELF) in such contexts shows how its use is negotiated, context dependent, and influenced by cultural and linguistic diversity. Multinational teams (MNTs) are legion within MNCs, and need to find efficient ways of communicating across their diversity, in particular in demanding and complex interactions such as meetings. This case study uses non-participant observation and interviews to study how one MNT has developed shared BELF communication practices for meetings. It examines the BELF communication practices in both the MNC context and at the team level. The analysis of the data shows that team members were highly aware of the challenges posed by cultural and linguistic diversity, and how they developed their local communication practices by processes of developing common ground, building trust, and good leadership.