bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visitation patterns of two ray mesopredators at shellfish aquaculture leases in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida
Authors: Cahill Brianna V. , DeGroot Breanna C. , Brewster Lauran R. , Lombardo Steven M. , Bangley Charles W. , Ogburn Matthew B. , Ajemian Matthew J.
Published: May 2023

The Indian River Lagoon is a primary location of field-based “grow-out” for bivalve shellfish aquaculture along Florida’s Atlantic coast. Grow-out locations have substantially higher clam densities than surrounding ambient sediment, potentially attracting mollusk predators to the area. Inspired by clammer reports of damaged grow-out gear, we used passive acoustic telemetry to examine the potential interactions between two highly mobile invertivores—whitespotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and cownose rays (Rhinoptera spp.)—and two clam lease sites in Sebastian, FL and compared these to nearby reference sites (Saint Sebastian River mouth, Sebastian Inlet) from 01 June 2017 to 31 May 2019. Clam lease detections accounted for 11.3% and 5.6% of total detections within the study period, for cownose and whitespotted eagle rays, respectively. Overall, the inlet sites logged the highest proportion of detections for whitespotted eagle rays (85.6%), while cownose rays (11.1%) did not use the inlet region extensively. However, both species had significantly more detections at the inlet receivers during the day, and on the lagoon receivers during the night. Both species exhibited long duration visits (> 17.1 min) to clam lease sites, with the longest visit being 387.5 min. These visit durations did not vary substantially between species, although there was individual variability. Based on generalized additive mixed models, longer visits were observed around 1000 and 1800 h for cownose and whitespotted eagle rays, respectively. Since 84% of all visits were from whitespotted eagle rays and these longer visits were significantly longer at night, this information suggests that observed interactions with the clam leases are potentially underestimated, given most clamming operations occur during daytime (i.e., morning). These results justify the need for continued monitoring of mobile invertivores in the region, including additional experimentation to assess behaviors (e.g., foraging) exhibited at the clam lease sites.
Comparison of complications between reverse-tapered and nontapered peripherally inserted central catheters
Authors: Bae Hyun Soo , Kim Kun Yung , Han Young-Min
Published: May 2023

Purpose of this study was to compare the complication rates between reverse-tapered and nontapered peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). In total, 407 patients who had an inpatient clinic-based PICC insertion between September 2019 and November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Seven PICC types were used (4 reverse tapered: 4-Fr single-lumen (n = 75), 5-Fr single-lumen (n = 78), 5-Fr double-lumen (n = 62), and 6-Fr triple-lumen (n = 61); 3 nontapered: 4-Fr single-lumen (n = 73), 5-Fr double-lumen (n = 30), and 6-Fr triple-lumen (n = 23)). Complications such as periprocedural bleeding, delayed bleeding, inadvertent removal, catheter obstruction by thrombosis, infection, and leakage were investigated. The overall complication rate was 27.1%. The complication rate was significantly higher for nontapered PICCs than reverse-tapered PICCs (50.0% vs 16.7%, P < 0.001). The overall periprocedural bleeding rate was significantly higher for nontapered PICCs than for reverse-tapered PICCs (27.0% vs 6.2%, P <0.001). The overall inadvertent removal rate was significantly higher for nontapered PICCs than for reverse-tapered PICCs (15.1% vs 3.3%, P < 0.001). There were no other significant differences in complication rates. Nontapered PICCs were associated with higher rates of periprocedural bleeding and inadvertent removal than reverse-tapered PICCs.
High levels of indoor fine particulate matter during the cold season in Almaty prompt urgent public health action
Authors: Vinnikov Denis , Rapisarda Venerando , Babanov Sergey , Vitale Ermanno , Strizhakov Leonid , Romanova Zhanna , Mukatova Irina
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Almaty is the largest city of Kazakhstan with extreme air pollution, mostly in the cold season, but little is known whether staying indoors could lessen the exposure. The aim was to quantitatively characterize indoor fine PM levels and to verify the contribution of ambient pollution to it in a polluted city like Almaty.

Methods

We collected forty-six 24-hour 15-min average samples of the ambient air and a similar number of paired indoor samples (total 92 samples). Predictors of both ambient and indoor PM2.5 mass concentrations in mg/m3, including ambient concentration, precipitation, minimal daily temperature and humidity, along with the indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio were tested in the adjusted regression models at eight 15-min lags.

Results

Ambient air PM2.5 15-min average mass concentrations were highly variable and ranged from 0.001 to 0.694 mg/m3 (geometric mean (GM) 0.090, geometric standard deviation (GSD) 2.285). Snowing was the strongest predictor of lower ambient PM2.5 24-hour mass concentrations (median 0.053 vs 0.135 mg/m3 (p<0.001)). Indoor mean 15-min PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 0.002 to 0.228 mg/m3 (GM 0.034, GSD 2.254). In adjusted models, outdoor PM2.5 concentration explained 0.58 of all variability of the indoor concentration with a 75-min delay (R2 0.67 at lag8 on snowing days). Median I/O ranged from 0.386 (IQR 0.264 to 0.532) at lag0 to 0.442 (IQR 0.339 to 0.584) at lag8.

Conclusion

During the cold season when fossil fuel is burnt for heating, the population in Almaty is exposed to very high fine PM levels even indoors. Urgent public health action is needed.
Iranzamin, Powerhouse Museum, Sydney, Australia, March 18–August 8, 2021
Authors: Silkatcheva Ana
Published: May 2023

Review of: Iranzamin, Powerhouse Museum, Sydney, Australia, March 18–August 8, 2021
Ritual, deposición y procesos de alteración en una tumba de la necrópolis íbera de Los Collados de Almedinilla (Córdoba)
Authors: Adroher Auroux Andrés María , Roldán Díaz Andrés , Abelleira Durán Manuel , Muñiz Jaén Ignacio , Fernández Ibáñez Carmelo , Bashore Acero Charles , Dorado Alejos Alberto , Caballero Cobos Alejandro , Román Muñoz Carmen María
Published: May 2023

Se presenta en este trabajo el resultado de la excavación de una tumba íbera procedente de la necrópolis de Los Collados (Almedinilla, Córdoba), datada entre del siglo IV a. C. al II a. C., con un ajuar muy completo que incluye una panoplia de guerrero (escudo, espada, soliferreum, lanza y cuchillo) y otros elementos tanto metálicos como cerámicos que permiten plantear problemas en la interpretación de estos conjuntos funerarios y su relación directa con el muerto en tanto que dota a este, o no, de un estatus social. Se analiza la disposición y deposición de los diversos materiales, así como su asociación espacial en el ámbito de la cámara funeraria. Se realiza un detallado análisis de los materiales, que incluyen estudios arqueométricos sobre cerámica y metales. Incluimos una detallada discusión sobre cronología a partir de las tipologías y asociaciones de materiales en diversos contextos; para finalizar aportamos, a partir de un minucioso análisis de la posición e intercalación de los diversos materiales en el interior de la cámara de la tumba algunas propuestas sobre el ritmo temporal del propio ritual funerario. La crítica a modelos tradicionales donde se establece una relación directa entre ajuar y posición social o propiedad es la base de la discusión de este artículo, a lo que se une la reflexión acerca de las pocas intervenciones que publican no sólo el material sino su distribución interna que puede resultar fundamental para entender la parte de los rituales de enterramiento que dejan una marca evidente en el registro arqueológico.
La helenización y feminización del concepto de pax asociado a Jano. Cambios en el lenguaje de paz en la Antigua Roma (s. III a. C.-s. I d. C.)
Authors: Ruiz Vivas Carmen María
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo es un análisis desde una perspectiva de género de la evolución del concepto de pax asociado al dios Jano en la Roma antigua. Se pone el foco en aquellos elementos asociados a lo masculino y femenino en el lenguaje de pax romano, y en su evolución y resignificación. Durante la época romana las puertas de Jano simbolizaron las relaciones externas de la ciudad de Roma, abriéndose cuando había guerra y cerrándose cuando había paz externa. Este ritual del cierre de las puertas se revitalizó durante el principado de Augusto, lo que se plasmó en la literatura e iconografía augustea, asociándolo además a la idea de pax y saeculum aureum. El concepto de pax hasta entonces había aludido a la sumisión del otro a lo largo de la República; fue durante la crisis de la misma cuando se usó como promesa política que implícitamente significaba el final de los enfrentamientos, externos e internos, y el bienestar subyacente. El auge de la pax se produjo durante el Principado de Augusto, quien se presentó como garante de ese principio. En este contexto la pax adquirió nuevas connotaciones, asimilándose a Eirene, diosa de la paz en el mundo griego. Por tanto, el concepto de pax asociado a Jano, deidad que había simbolizado la guerra y la paz externa en época republicana, se helenizó y feminizó al representarse incluso en forma de mujer. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la comprensión de cómo los conceptos de paz fueron reformulados y redefinidos durante la crisis de la República y empleados como parte de la propaganda de la Pax Augusta. Para ello se han analizado tanto fuentes numismáticas e iconográficas como textos escritos.
New Therapeutic Strategies Are Associated With a Significant Decrease in Colectomy Rate in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ley Delphine , Leroyer Ariane , Dupont Claire , Sarter Hélène , Bertrand Valérie , Spyckerelle Claire , Guillon Nathalie , Wils Pauline , Savoye Guillaume , Turck Dominique , Gower-Rousseau Corinne , Fumery Mathurin ,   Epimad Group
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:

We evaluated the impact of immunosuppressants (IS) and antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) introduction on long-term outcomes of ulcerative colitis (UC) in a large population-based pediatric-onset cohort.

METHODS:

All patients included in the EPIMAD registry with a diagnosis of UC made before the age of 17 years between 1988 and 2011 were followed up retrospectively until 2013. Medication exposure and disease outcomes were compared between 3 diagnostic periods: 1988 to 1993 (period [P] 1; pre-IS era), 1994 to 2000 (P2; pre-anti-TNF era), and 2001 to 2011 (P3; anti-TNF era).

RESULTS:

A total of 337 patients (female, 57%) diagnosed with UC were followed up during a median duration of 7.2 years (interquartile range 3.8–13.0). The IS and anti-TNF exposure rates at 5 years increased over time from 7.8% (P1) to 63.8% (P3) and from 0% (P1) to 37.2% (P3), respectively. In parallel, the risk of colectomy at 5 years decreased significantly over time (P1, 17%; P2, 19%; and P3, 9%; P = 0.045, P-trend = 0.027) and between the pre-anti-TNF era (P1 + P2, 18%) and the anti-TNF era (P3, 9%) (P = 0.013). The risk of disease extension at 5 years remained stable over time (P1, 36%, P2, 32%, and P3, 34%; P = 0.31, P-trend = 0.52) and between the pre-anti-TNF era (P1 + P2, 34%) and the anti-TNF era (P3, 34%) (P = 0.92). The risk of flare-related hospitalization at 5 years significantly increased over time (P1, 16%; P2, 27%; P3, 42%; P = 0.0012, P-trend = 0.0006) and between the pre-anti-TNF era (P1 + P2, 23%) and the anti-TNF era (P3, 42%) (P = 0.0004).

DISCUSSION:

In parallel with the increased use of IS and anti-TNF, an important decline in the risk of colectomy in pediatric-onset UC was observed at the population level.
Does Doing Good Diminish Cost of Capital? Evidence From South-East Asia Markets
Authors: Rizqi Umar Al Hashfi
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The ultimate goal of this study is to reassess the impact of ESG on the cost of capital.
Methodology: This work is quantitative type using secondary data collected by Thomson & Reuters and World Bank. There are 247 sample companies in the 2009 – 2021 period spread across five Southeast Asian countries. The research uses the fixed effect method at the industrial level and the instrumental variable regression technique, which is estimated using the generalized moment (GMM) method to accommodate endogeneity.
Findings: The ESG, ENVI, and SOCI coefficients are negative and statistically significant at the 1% level, further confirming that ESG performance is negatively associated with the cost of capital. Environmental and social aspects determine the level of the cost of capital. Meanwhile, governance issues are not a determining factor that can reduce the cost of capital.
Novelty: Numerous studies have revealed inconclusive outcomes regarding the effectiveness of ESG in decreasing the cost of capital, particularly in Asian nations owing to their subpar institutional quality. This research seeks to bridge this gap by examining this relationship in the Southeast Asian countries.
Keywords: Environment, Social, Governance, Cost of Capital, South-East Asia
Hubungan Kepatuhan Menjalani Terapi Hemodialisis dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Susantri Wella , Bayhakki Bayhakki , Woferst Rismadefi
Published: May 2023

Introduction : The COVID-19 pandemic became one of the highest causes of death in early 2020. The spread is so fast and uncontrollable that it is the reason for many people to stay at home and avoid places with the highest spread, one of which is the hospital. In this condition, many people delay treatment, choose alternatives, and decide to no longer be in the hospital environment. This also applies to patients with chronic kidney failure, where sufferers are required to continue to take therapy to achieve a good quality of life. However, with the COVID-19 situation, most sufferers postpone therapy so they don't get infected. Compliance with therapy is very important for people with CKD to be able to achieve a good quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between compliance with hemodialysis therapy and the quality of life of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy during the COVID-19 period. Method: The research design used is descriptive correlational with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was a total sampling of 70 respondents. This study used the KDQL questionnaire to measure quality of life and The End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) questionnaire to measure adherence. The analysis used was bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Results: Iit was found that 71.4% adhered to hemodialysis therapy and, 54.3% have a good quality of life. The statistical test results showed that there was a significant relationship between adherence to hemodialysis therapy and the quality of life of CKD patients where the p-value was 0.026 < α (0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between adherence and quality of life of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Nurses have an important role in motivating CKD patients to comply with hemodialysis therapy.Keywords: Hemodialysis Therapy, Adherence, Quality of Life, Chronic Kidney Disease.
Home-campus nexus: The shift to homebased smart e-learning
Authors: Na Jiang , Perera Corinne Jacqueline , Zainuddin Zamzami
Published: May 2023

This article outlines the trajectory of China’s higher education and its strategy of pioneering a brand-new smart e-learning environment that has functionally molded China into a hybrid educational hub. This paper chronicles the almanac of China’s offline campus education, depicting how it technologically evolved into an e-learning home-campus nexus. A sequential mixed-methods design was employed to shed light on students’ readiness levels toward China’s newly implemented smart e-learning platform for tertiary education. The psychometric analyses of the Smart e-Learning Questionnaire and other parametric statistical tests were performed using the Rasch measurement model. Overall, there is strong evidence to suggest that the in-depth qualitative interviews captured more nuanced accounts of the participants’ perceived reasons for their moderate level of readiness towards their novel home-campus e-learning course delivery. Evacuated campuses and virtual lessons have become the cliched representation of this pandemic. It is critical that e-learning offerings be contextualised in practical ways to invigorate equitable teaching strategies that can improve e-learning and support the success of China’s higher education learning model for the post-pandemic agendum.
Implications for practice or policy:

This research investigated home-campus e-learning as a higher education learning model for the post-pandemic agendum.
The homebased smart e-learning prototype proposed in this study is framed as a learning delivery modality for advancing the latitude of digital literacy among higher education students.
The deployment of the next-generation 5G internet connectivity and the implementation of hybrid smart e-learning platforms, draw clear implications for policymakers and practitioners to model after these insightful strategies.
Mapping out a research agenda for generative artificial intelligence in tertiary education
Authors: Lodge Jason M. , Thompson Kate , Corrin Linda
Published: May 2023

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has taken the world by storm. In this editorial, we outline some of the key areas of tertiary education impacted by large language models and associated applications that will require re-thinking and research to address in the short to medium term. Given how rapidly generative AI developments are currently occurring, this editorial is speculative. Although there is a long history of research on AI in education, the current situation is both unprecedented and seemingly not something that the AI in education community fully predicted. We also outline the editorial position of AJET in regards to generative AI to assist authors using tools such as ChatGPT as any part of the research or writing process. This is a rapidly evolving space. We have attempted to provide some clarity in this editorial while acknowledging that we may need to revisit some or all of what we offer here in the weeks and months ahead.
Female migrant workers’ theater, labor NGOs, and grassroots culture in China: variations on the theme of “home”
Authors: Jaguścik Justyna
Published: May 2023

This paper explores self-representations of female migrant workers in mainland Chinese grassroots theater, understood as a localized variety of trans-Asian people’s theater. It discusses the 2018 play They Say that was created by women associated with the Shenzhen-based NGO Green Rose Community Center. The analysis of the text and its performance seeks to shed light on the multifaceted identities of the authors and performers of the play, who left the countryside for precarious work in Shenzhen’s production and service industries. Beyond offering a close reading of the play with a particular focus on the images of “home” and “homemaking,” this paper embeds female migrant workers’ cultural activities into a larger social context that is shaped by state policies, non-governmental organizations, cultural norms and values, and legacies of the socialist era.
Simultaneous charging and discharging of metal foam composite phase change material in triplex-tube latent heat storage system under various configurations
Authors: Alam Md Tabrez , Gupta Anoop K.
Published: May 2023

Phase change material (PCM) has high latent heat on one hand albeit low thermal conductivity on the other hand which restricts its utilization in thermal energy storage applications. Therefore, to improve thermal performance of PCM, various techniques have been employed. This numerical work intends to estimate the effect of copper metal foam (MF) in the seven various configurations (M1–M7) of triple-tube heat exchanger (TTHX) under simultaneous charging and discharging (SCD) conditions using heat transfer fluids (HTF) both the sides. Five distinct configurations with equal volumes of PCM and composite PCM (CPCM) have been considered for optimization standpoint. RT55 (melting temperature = 327 K) is taken as PCM. Based on thermo-physical properties of PCM and thermal boundary conditions on the heated tube, the dimensionless controlling parameters such as the Rayleigh number (Ra), Prandtl number (Pr), and Stefan number (Ste) were taken as 1.79 × 105, 30, and 0.21, respectively. Typical results on melt fraction, latent heat storage, temperature contours, and steady-state melt fraction and corresponding melting time have been reported. Performance yielded by all the configurations was compared for a fixed duration of 2 h. The positioning of MF largely affects the heat transfer mechanism in the latent heat storage unit. Results show that the bottom-side positioning of MF can boost the heat storage due to enhanced buoyancy-induced convection. Among all the models, M3 predicts the highest steady-state melt fraction (

λ

$\lambda $

ss
 ≈ 0.62) in the shortest steady-state melting time (t

ss
 ≈ 66 min), followed by model M6 (λ

ss
 ≈ 0.58, t

ss
 ≈ 65 min). The optimized design (model M3) shows ∼75 % latent heat storage enhancement than pure PCM (M1) case. Interestingly, one may also achieve ∼17.2 % higher enhancement using model M3 than M2 but with only half of the mass of MF than that used in full porous configuration (M2).
Autophagic and non-autophagic functions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PROPPINs Atg18, Atg21 and Hsv2
Authors: Marquardt Lisa , Thumm Michael
Published: May 2023

Atg18, Atg21 and Hsv2 are homologous β-propeller proteins binding to PI3P and PI(3,5)P2. Atg18 is thought to organize lipid transferring protein complexes at contact sites of the growing autophagosome (phagophore) with both the ER and the vacuole. Atg21 is restricted to the vacuole phagophore contact, where it organizes part of the Atg8-lipidation machinery. The role of Hsv2 is less understood, it partly affects micronucleophagy. Atg18 is further involved in regulation of PI(3,5)P2 synthesis. Recently, a novel Atg18-retromer complex and its role in vacuole homeostasis and membrane fission was uncovered.
Investigation and application of key technologies of aggregated flash payment based on marketing blockchain in the context of massive distributed generation grid connection
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Qingfang , Yang Pengfei , Si Xiaofeng , Zhou Li
Published: May 2023

Optical flash payment technology is a form of optical flash payment application. Its payment scenario is mainly to directly realize “card free payment” in the consumption process through mobile devices, Bluetooth and other connection methods on mobile terminal devices such as smart phones under the mobile Internet environment. The “flash payment” is a more convenient payment method and a new payment channel without the function of electronic wallet. Compared with the current mainstream payment methods, it is more collaborative and complementary. Aggregated payment is a fourth party payment platform, which is different from Alipay, WeChat and other third payment platforms. Aggregated payment is a combination of technology and a platform that combines multiple payment methods. Based on the background of massive distributed power generation connected to the grid, this paper studied the key technologies of flash payment in combination with marketing blockchain, and discussed the data sharing mechanism of marketing information in multiple scenarios from the perspective of marketing blockchain by studying the data sharing mechanism in different scenarios. In this paper, a distributed optical flash payment system and a blockchain based encryption algorithm were proposed. Based on this research, the experimental results of key technologies of aggregated optical flash payment based on marketing blockchain were analyzed. The experimental results in this paper showed that 38.7 % of the users contacted the aggregation payment through the online platform. 11.7 % of people communicated through chatting with friends, and 9.8 % of enterprises got in touch through preferential policies. 4.5 % of them publicized through the media, and 8.3 % made requests through payment plans. 21 % of them transferred money through remittance, and 6 % of them got it through other ways. When using aggregate payment, the main reasons for users to choose aggregate payment were the network, friends chatting, and the acceptance of other people’s remittances. In the case that users used aggregate payment services, they most often used transfer and remittance, and most of these purchases were paid through mobile payment and credit card. In terms of users’ use of third-party services, it could be seen that transportation services and movie tickets were the most common ways of use. In terms of the aggregation payment strategy, the improvement of the three levels of aggregation payment could improve the risk prevention ability. First, the complaint mechanism was established to detect and correct potential vulnerabilities in the system in a timely manner. Second, consumers’ sense of self-protection should be strengthened. Third, the legal construction of the payment industry should be promoted to increase the strike force against illegal use.
Severe hypophosphataemia can be an early sign of osteopetrorickets: a case report
Authors: Doulgeraki Artemis , Bani-Odeh Laura , Tramma Despina , Giataganas Georgios , Kirvassilis Fotis , Kollios Konstantinos , Fotoulaki Maria
Published: May 2023

Osteopetrorickets is a rare complication of autosomal recessive (“malignant”) osteopetrosis. Its prompt diagnosis is essential, because early suspicion of infantile osteopetrosis enables treatment with human stem cell transplantation, depending on the gene involved. It is important to identify not only the characteristic radiological changes of rickets, but also the coexistence of increased bone density, so as not to miss this very rare entity. Herein, a brief case report is presented.
The effect of maternal diabetes on the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid and metabotropic glutamate receptors in male newborn rats’ inferior colliculi
Authors: Ghenaatgar-Kasbi Maryam , Rezaei Mohammad , Moharreri Payam , Heidarian Miri Hamid , Sazegar Ghasem , Haghir Hossein
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Few studies have examined the molecular alterations in the auditory pathway of infants of diabetic mothers, notwithstanding the fact that maternal diabetes may have an impact on the development of the neonatal peripheral and central nervous systems. Male newborn rats were studied to determine how maternal diabetes affected the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAAα1 and GABAB1) and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2) receptors in the inferior colliculus (IC) in this research.

Methods

Female rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a 65 mg/kg dose to develop a model of diabetic mothers. The study population was split into sham, diabetes without treatment, and diabetes with insulin groups. Their male neonatal rats were anesthetized on P0, P7, and P14 after mating and delivery. The receptors’ distribution pattern was studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results

Pairwise comparison in the groups revealed that the GABA receptors (Aα1 and B1) were significantly downregulated in the diabetes without treatment group (p<0.001). Furthermore, pairwise comparison in the groups indicated significant mGlu2 upregulation in the diabetes without treatment group (p<0.001). Regarding the concentration of all receptors, there was no discernible distinction between the diabetes with insulin and sham groups.

Conclusions

This investigation showed that the concentration of GABAAα1 and GABAB1 receptors decreased significantly over time, whereas the concentration of mGlu2 receptors increased significantly over time in male neonatal rats born to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mothers.
Role of impurity and thermal noise on the radiation sources in ITER using DT fuel
Authors: Khoramdel Reza , Hosseinimotlagh Seyedeh Nasrin , Parang Zohreh
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the time evolution of bremsstrahlung radiation loss, plasma frequency and electron particles density and the relationship between these parameters and black body radiation are investigated. The model used in this work is based on numerical solution of particle and energy balance equations in ITER with DT fuel. The fusion reaction takes places in a plasma of deuterium and tritium heated to millions of degrees. It is expected that at this temperature, the thermal noise could have a significant effect on plasma behavior. This effect is considered in the solution of equations for the first time in this work. In order to attain a proper set of particle and energy balance equations, an appropriate thermal noise term is considered in the set of coupled differential equations. These equations are solved simultaneously by numerical methods. The results of the calculations for bremsstrahlung radiation loss, plasma frequency, intensity of blackbody radiation, absorption coefficient and quality factor show that in the absence of thermal noise blackbody radiation doesn’t occur but in the presence of thermal noise blackbody radiation occurs in times of 55.7 s and 42.73 s for two cases of considering and ignoring impurity respectively. As it can be seen that with the addition of impurities to the system, bremsstrahlung radiation and intensity of blackbody radiation increase while absorption coefficient and quality factor decrease.
Are the Realist Bundle Theorists Committed to the Principle of Constituent Identity?
Authors: Bielińska Marta Emilia
Published: May 2023

One of the key questions in the contemporary analytic ontology concerns the relation between the Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles (PII) and the Bundle Theory (BT). The majority of authors believe that BT implies PII. Therefore, it is widely believed that the world violating PII presented by Max Black (1952. “The Identity of Indiscernibles.” Mind 61 (242): 153–64) is also devastating for BT. However, this has been questioned by Rodriguez-Pereyra (2004. “The Bundle Theory is Compatible with Distinct but Indiscernible Particulars.” Analysis 64 (1): 72–81), who formulated an interpretation of BT with instances. Recently Robert (2019. “Can the Realist Bundle Theory Account for the Numerical Difference between Qualitavely Non-discernible Concrete Particulars?” Theorema 38 (1): 25–39) argued that this version of BT is not a constituent ontology and, therefore, Rodriguez-Pereyra’s solution comes at a price of excluding bundle theory from the domain of constituent ontologies, and, in this sense, it fails. I question Robert’s point by claiming that his account of constituent ontologies is too demanding. In particular, I show that the instance version of BT is compatible with the constrains defining constituent ontologies in general, and therefore Rodriguez-Pereyra’s argument is correct.
Measuring language complexity: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ehret Katharina , Berdicevskis Aleksandrs , Bentz Christian , Blumenthal-Dramé Alice
Published: May 2023

This special issue focuses on measuring language complexity. The contributions address methodological challenges, discuss implications for theoretical research, and use complexity measurements for testing theoretical claims. In this introductory article, we explain what knowledge can be gained from quantifying complexity. We then describe a workshop and a shared task which were our attempt to develop a systematic approach to the challenge of finding appropriate and valid measures, and which inspired this special issue. We summarize the contributions focusing on the findings which can be related to the most prominent debates in linguistic complexity research.
Ecofriendly synthesis of hydrated manganese oxide and its efficient adsorption of lead ions from water
Authors: Hu Xuebing , Yang Zhiyong , Yang Boshen , Jiang Leilei , Lu Chuanbiao
Published: May 2023

Utilizing the waste liquid derived from graphene oxide synthesis as raw material, hydrated manganese oxide (HMO) was prepared by a chemical precipitation method with sodium hydroxide solution or aqueous ammonia solution. The HMO samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta potential analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption characteristics of the HMO samples were examined through lead ion adsorption from water. The effects of adsorption temperature, starting lead ion concentration, and adsorption time on the lead ion adsorption capacity were investigated. The relevant data agreed well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Additionally, the maximum adsorption capacities of HMO-1 are 70.897 mg g−1, 76.660 mg g−1, and 79.424 mg g−1 for the lead ions at 298 K, 308 K, and 318 K, respectively. The lead ion adsorption mechanism of HMO has been explained. The findings indicate the as-synthesized HMO can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for eliminating lead ions from water.
Impact toughness improvement of high boron-chromium steel by different isothermal heat treatment durations
Authors: Murathan Ömer Faruk , Kocatepe Kadir , Erdoğan Mehmet
Published: May 2023

This research investigates the improvement of impact toughness by changing isothermal heat treatment time for an alloy having high boron/chromium constituents. Different boron contents (0.5–5.00 wt% B) were added into high chromium steel by sand casting. Along with JMatPro program, dilatometry used to calculate critical temperatures and transformation diagrams as well. After austenization at 1050 °C for an hour, at 390 °C high B/Cr alloys isothermally heat treated for three different time intervals (24, 96, and 168 h). According to experimental findings, isothermal heat treatment enhanced hardness and impact toughness of the alloys (excluding 3.10 and 4.75 wt% boron containing alloys) due to the elimination of microsegregations and lowering carboboride sharpness. However, for every alloy wear resistance was not affected by isothermal heat treatment because carbide/boride fraction controls wear properties of the high B/Cr alloys. According to scanning electron microscope microstructures, cleavage fracture, and plowing were observed in isothermally heat treated specimens. It is noted that, isothermal heat treatment time showed no effect in mechanical properties of the high B/Cr alloys because the large amount of alloying elements shifted the phase transformation curve longer times which was more than JMatPro estimations.
Chitosan-capped silver nanoparticles with potent and selective intrinsic activity against the breast cancer cells
Authors: Abdellatif Ahmed A. H. , Abdelfattah Ahmed , Younis Mahmoud A. , Aldalaan Saed M. , Tawfeek Hesham M.
Published: May 2023

Graphical abstract
Acute exercise of painful muscles does not reduce the hypoalgesic response in young healthy women – a randomized crossover study
Authors: Mohrsen Anders , Lund Henrik , Rasmussen Steven Zartov , Vægter Henrik Bjarke , Vela Jonathan , Hansen Simon , Christensen Steffan Wittrup McPhee
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is characterized by an increase in pain threshold following acute exercise. EIH is reduced in some individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain, although the mechanisms are unknown. It has been hypothesized that this may relate to whether exercises are performed in painful or non-painful body regions. The primary aim of this randomized experimental crossover study was to investigate whether the presence of pain per se in the exercising muscles reduced the local EIH response. The secondary aim was to investigate if EIH responses were also reduced in non-exercising remote muscles.

Methods

Pain-free women (n=34) participated in three separate sessions. In session 1, the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for a single legged isometric knee extension exercise was determined. In sessions 2 and 3, pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed at the thigh and shoulder muscles before and after a 3-min exercise at 30 % of MVC. Exercises were performed with or without thigh muscle pain, which was induced by either a painful injection (hypertonic saline, 5.8 %) or a non-painful injection (isotonic saline, 0.9 %) into the thigh muscle. Muscle pain intensity was assessed with an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) at baseline, after injections, during and after exercises.

Results

PPTs increased at thigh and shoulder muscles after exercise with painful (14.0–24.9 %) and non-painful (14.3–19.5 %) injections and no significant between-injection EIH differences were observed (p>0.30). Muscle pain intensity was significantly higher following the painful injection compared to the non-painful injection (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Exercising painful muscles did not reduce the local or remote hypoalgesic responses, suggesting that the pain-relieving effects of isometric exercises are not reduced by exercising painful body regions.

Ethical committee number

S-20210184.

Trial registration number

NCT05299268.
Cross-Border knowledge pipelines and innovation performance of chinese firms: evidence from Zhangjiang in Shanghai
Authors: Zeng Gang , Zhang Yi , Cao Xianzhong
Published: May 2023

It is increasingly emphasized that firms’ innovation depends on external knowledge interaction in the field of economic geography. Global knowledge linkages and interaction plays crucial role in gaining competitive advantage for firms in developing countries because of their immature innovation systems, inspiring a wide academic interest around cross-border knowledge pipelines. However, the existing literature has been silent about the type in which firms employ cross-border knowledge pipelines and neglects the potential importance of firm’s ownership in this process. Using 2015 survey micro-data of 4685 Chinese firms in Zhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone, we investigate how different types of cross-border knowledge pipelines indicated by foreign R&D investment and returnees influence firm’s innovation. The research highlights the positive effects of foreign R&D investment and returnees on firms’ patent innovation, while returnees exerts negative influence on firms’ product innovation. Moreover, there exists a complementary relation between foreign R&D investment and returnees in facilitating firm’s patent innovation. State ownership negatively affects the relationship between foreign R&D investment and firms’ patent innovation.
Constitution of the fully supported gold(I)alkynyl (dmpme)·bis[gold(I)ethynyldimethylsilyl]methane in solution
Authors: Heinrichs Peter , Mix Andreas , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: May 2023

The dimetallacyclic complex H2C(Me2SiC≡CAuPMe2)2CH2 has been synthesized, in which the two gold centers are bridged by the diphosphine dmpme (= bis(dimethylphosphino)methane) and a diethynyl ligand providing “full support” for the possible transannular Au–Au contact (3). This compound and its “semi-” and “unsupported” analogues (2, 1) have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The monomeric nature of complex 3 in solution has been established using diffusion coefficients measured by DOSY-NMR spectroscopy and comparing the data with those of complexes 1 and 2 as references.
Evaluation and Validation of Commercially Available Dopamine Transporter Antibodies
Authors: Russo Emma E. , Zovko Lola E. , Nazari Reza , Steenland Hendrik , Ramsey Amy J. , Salahpour Ali
Published: May 2023

With a wide variety of dopamine transporter (DAT) antibodies available commercially, it is important to validate which antibodies provide sufficient immunodetection for reproducibility purpose and for accurate analysis of DAT levels and/or location. Commercially available DAT antibodies that are commonly used were tested in western blotting (WB) on wild-type (WT) and DAT-knock-out (DAT-KO) brain tissue and with immunohistology (IH) techniques against coronal slices of unilaterally lesioned 6-OHDA rats, in addition to wild-type and DAT-knock-out mice. DAT-KO mice and unilateral 6-OHDA lesions in rats were used as a negative control for DAT antibody specificity. Antibodies were tested at various concentrations and rated based on signal detection varying from no signal to optimal signal detection. Commonly used antibodies, including AB2231 and PT-22 524-1-AP, did not provide specific DAT signals in WB and IH. Although certain antibodies provided a good DAT signal, such as SC-32258, D6944, and MA5-24796, they also presented nonspecific bands in WB. Many DAT antibodies did not detect the DAT as advertised, and this characterization of DAT antibodies may provide a guide for immunodetection of DAT for molecular studies.
Intracranial Electroencephalography and Deep Neural Networks Reveal Shared Substrates for Representations of Face Identity and Expressions
Authors: Schwartz Emily , Alreja Arish , Richardson R. Mark , Ghuman Avniel , Anzellotti Stefano
Published: May 2023

According to a classical view of face perception (Bruce and Young, 1986; Haxby et al., 2000), face identity and facial expression recognition are performed by separate neural substrates (ventral and lateral temporal face-selective regions, respectively). However, recent studies challenge this view, showing that expression valence can also be decoded from ventral regions (Skerry and Saxe, 2014; Li et al., 2019), and identity from lateral regions (Anzellotti and Caramazza, 2017). These findings could be reconciled with the classical view if regions specialized for one task (either identity or expression) contain a small amount of information for the other task (that enables above-chance decoding). In this case, we would expect representations in lateral regions to be more similar to representations in deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained to recognize facial expression than to representations in DCNNs trained to recognize face identity (the converse should hold for ventral regions). We tested this hypothesis by analyzing neural responses to faces varying in identity and expression. Representational dissimilarity matrices (RDMs) computed from human intracranial recordings (n= 11 adults; 7 females) were compared with RDMs from DCNNs trained to label either identity or expression. We found that RDMs from DCNNs trained to recognize identity correlated with intracranial recordings more strongly in all regions tested—even in regions classically hypothesized to be specialized for expression. These results deviate from the classical view, suggesting that face-selective ventral and lateral regions contribute to the representation of both identity and expression.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious work proposed that separate brain regions are specialized for the recognition of face identity and facial expression. However, identity and expression recognition mechanisms might share common brain regions instead. We tested these alternatives using deep neural networks and intracranial recordings from face-selective brain regions. Deep neural networks trained to recognize identity and networks trained to recognize expression learned representations that correlate with neural recordings. Identity-trained representations correlated with intracranial recordings more strongly in all regions tested, including regions hypothesized to be expression specialized in the classical hypothesis. These findings support the view that identity and expression recognition rely on common brain regions. This discovery may require reevaluation of the roles that the ventral and lateral neural pathways play in processing socially relevant stimuli.
Angry, Sad, or Scared? Within-valence Mapping of Emotion Words to Facial and Body Cues in 2 to 4-Year-Old Children
Authors: Wu Yang , Matteson Hannah M. , Baker Claire M. , Frank Michael C.
Published: May 2023

The acquisition of emotion words is critical to children’s socio-emotional development. Previous studies report that children acquire emotion words gradually during ages 3–5 and beyond. The majority of this work, however, has used demanding tasks for young children (e.g., asking children to label emotion-related facial configurations) and has predominantly relied on facial configurations. Here we designed a child-friendly, word-comprehension task incorporating both facial configurations and body language. In two preregistered online experiments, we asked two to four-year-olds (N = 96) to connect emotion words—happy, sad, angry, and scared—to either facial configurations (Experiment 1) or combined facial and body cues (Experiment 2). We found relatively early competence in understanding emotion words, especially those of the same-valence. All age groups, including 2-year-olds, successfully linked emotion words to corresponding facial configurations (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 replicated this pattern and further showed that children performed equally well (though not substantially better) when given additional body cues. Parental reports of children’s exposure to and use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic did not correlate with children’s performance in either experiment. Even before children can produce emotion words in an adult-like manner, they possess at least a partial understanding of those words and can map them to emotion cues within valence domains.
The International Mental Health Assessment: Validation of an Efficient Screening Inventory
Authors: Thalmayer Amber Gayle , Marshall Julie , Scalise Kathleen
Published: May 2023

The International Mental Health Assessment (IMHA) was developed to provide efficient screening to facilitate prevention and early intervention among employees or community adults at three levels of analysis: a P-factor of general functioning and tendency toward disorder; broad spectra of internalizing and externalizing tendencies and for life difficulties; and nine subscales for common, familiar psychological and behavioral health categories. This study describes the development, refinement, and validation of the inventory using item response theory (IRT), specifically the partial credit model (PCM). Explicit, behavior-focused items drew on commonalities among domain-specific inventories, the DSM-V and empirical literature. A response scale based on concrete frequency of occurrence over the last month was developed to avoid the reference-group effects that plague cross-group survey research, facilitating cross-group comparison at both scale and item levels. In Study 1, a preliminary 69-item version was administered to 5,307 employees, family members, and counseling clients. PCM calibration was used to remove items with overlapping discrimination or unclear scale correspondence. In Study 2, the refined 59-item IMHA was administered to 4,048 employees. In Study 3, the subscales were compared to relevant established inventories to assess and confirm their convergent/divergent validity in a third sample (N = 500). The final 54-item IMHA, intended both for screening for psychological problems among community adults and to facilitate research including cross-cultural and cross-group comparisons, is made available freely for educational, non-profit or research purposes. The three-level measurement strategy draws on recent evidence for the continuous nature of psychopathology and on the well-established co-morbidity of traditional disorder categories, making use of them for communication purposes without unnecessarily reifying them in the model.