bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women Doctors and the Medical Profession in Iraq during the First Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Farhan Sara
Published: March 2022

This article explores the history of Iraqi women’s participation in the medical profession as accredited physicians in the first half of the twentieth century. It begins with a discussion of women’s exclusion from late Ottoman medical education faculties and their reliance on lay practice as a form of medical training. Women’s ascension in the medical profession was further thwarted by colonial accreditation requirements and a series of laws that emerged during the British occupation and the ensuing mandate. Gradually and in limited numbers, some women were afforded “subordinate ranks” under the British administration. When women of capital expressed interest in and mobilized their networks to gain access to the medical profession as physicians, limited admission into the local medical faculty became viable. Tactical aversions made professional pursuits difficult for segments of the population under study. Those who gained access to the medical profession navigated gendered occupational specialism that in turn shaped their professional trajectories.
Truck Sluts, Petrosexual Countrysides, and Trashy Environmentalisms
Authors: Reich Nicholas Tyler
Published: March 2022

If the climate crisis, undergirded as it is by oil dependency, can be called “cis” insofar as it is driven by cisheteronormativity, then it requires a response to oil that is broadly trans—transgender, transspecies, trans-corporeal, trans-material. Rural petro-masculine iconography elides and erases our oil dependencies by pretending to a total control over fossil fuels and thereby a control over cultural and material formations of stable, binaric gender and sex. To think outside these foreclosures of both nonbinaric genders and oil's animacy, this essay introduces readers to Truck Sluts, an Instagram account that puts rural trucking culture at the center of a three-fold t4t exchange: trans-for-trans, trans-for-trucks, and a more expansive trans-for-trans* that crosses materialities. The author argues that Truck Sluts explicitly models these kinds of exchange and that doing so unseats the cisheterosexism of the petro-masculine rural, which is necessarily environmentalist work.
T4t Love-Politics
Authors: Hsu V. Jo
Published: March 2022

This essay considers Monica Roberts's long-standing blog, TransGriot, as a model of T4t love-politics. Drawing from Jennifer Nash's work on Black feminism, the author argues that TransGriot centers interpersonal and intra- and intercommunal relationships as driving forces of social and systemic change. This approach to t4t enabled Roberts to center trans voices, trans needs, and trans thriving while also demanding accountability from all communities that intersect with the lives of Black trans women. What emerges is an understanding of justice as built and sustained by the difficult work of relating—of making ourselves vulnerable to, and bearing witness to, one another.
Newt Hoxa13 has an essential and predominant role in digit formation during development and regeneration
Authors: Takeuchi Takashi , Matsubara Haruka , Minamitani Fumina , Satoh Yukio , Tozawa Sayo , Moriyama Tomoki , Maruyama Kohei , Suzuki Ken-ichi T. , Shigenobu Shuji , Inoue Takeshi , Tamura Koji , Agata Kiyokazu , Hayashi Toshinori
Published: March 2022

The 5′Hox genes play crucial roles in limb development and specify regions in the proximal-distal axis of limbs. However, there is no direct genetic evidence that Hox genes are essential for limb development in non-mammalian tetrapods or for limb regeneration. Here, we produced single to quadruple Hox13 paralog mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in newts (Pleurodeles waltl), which have strong regenerative capacities, and also produced germline mutants. We show that Hox13 genes are essential for digit formation in development, as in mice. In addition, Hoxa13 has a predominant role in digit formation, unlike in mice. The predominance is probably due to the restricted expression pattern of Hoxd13 in limb buds and the strong dependence of Hoxd13 expression on Hoxa13. Finally, we demonstrate that Hox13 genes are also necessary for digit formation in limb regeneration. Our findings reveal that the general function of Hox13 genes is conserved between limb development and regeneration, and across taxa. The predominance of Hoxa13 function both in newt limbs and fish fins, but not in mouse limbs, suggests a potential contribution of Hoxa13 function in fin-to-limb transition.
Transitions in development – an interview with Chin-Min (Kimmy) Ho
Authors: Zenner Helen L.
Published: March 2022

Kimmy Ho is an Assistant Research Fellow at the Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. Her research focuses on leaf epidermal development. We caught up with Kimmy over Zoom to find out about her research, her transition to becoming a group leader and her approach to mentoring students.
Recruitment of Peroxin 14 to lipid droplets affects lipid storage in Drosophila
Authors: Ueda Kazuki , Anderson-Baron Matthew N. , Haskins Julie , Hughes Sarah C. , Simmonds Andrew J.
Published: March 2022

Both peroxisomes and lipid droplets regulate cellular lipid homeostasis. Direct inter-organellar contacts as well as novel roles for proteins associated with peroxisome or lipid droplets occur when cells are induced to liberate fatty acids from lipid droplets. We have shown a non-canonical role for a subset of peroxisome-assembly [Peroxin (Pex)] proteins in this process in Drosophila. Transmembrane proteins Pex3, Pex13 and Pex14 were observed to surround newly formed lipid droplets. Trafficking of Pex14 to lipid droplets was enhanced by loss of Pex19, which directs insertion of transmembrane proteins like Pex14 into the peroxisome bilayer membrane. Accumulation of Pex14 around lipid droplets did not induce changes to peroxisome size or number, and co-recruitment of the remaining Peroxins was not needed to assemble peroxisomes observed. Increasing the relative level of Pex14 surrounding lipid droplets affected the recruitment of Hsl lipase. Fat body-specific reduction of these lipid droplet-associated Peroxins caused a unique effect on larval fat body development and affected their survival on lipid-enriched or minimal diets. This revealed a heretofore unknown function for a subset of Pex proteins in regulating lipid storage.

This article has an associated First Person interview with Kazuki Ueda, joint first author of the paper.
Cut-off points for low skeletal muscle mass in older adults: Colombia versus other populations
Authors: Pineda-Zuluaga Maria Camila , González-Correa Clara Helena , Sepulveda-Gallego Luz Elena
Published: March 2022

Background: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in the Elderly defined sarcopenia as a geriatric syndrome with a diagnostic criteria of low skeletal muscle mass (LMM). Various sarcopenia consensuses recommend as cut-offs for LMM, the use of below 2 SDs from the mean skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of a young reference group. Given the contrast between reported cut-offs, the objective of this study was to establish cut-offs for LMM from older adults in Manizales and compare them with those published in the literature.

Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional analytical study in 237 healthy elderly patients from the city of Manizales, Colombia. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height and body mass index were estimated. The SMI was estimated with the Xitron Technologies bioimpedance meter using the Janssen formula. For the comparison of SMI cut-offs, studies that evaluated this parameter with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were taken into account, in addition to being obtained from the −2 SD from the sex-specific mean of a young reference group.

Results: The cut-off points for SMI were 8.0 kg/m2 for men and 6.1 kg/m2 for women. There was a statistically significant difference when evaluating LMM from the cut-offs of the present study and those reported in Spain, Turkey, and Finland. The cut-off points of SMI derived from this sample of Colombian men and women may be adequate for the diagnosis in the Colombian geriatric population. However, we did not find significant differences when comparing the cut-offs for SMI from a population of older adults and young adults from the same city.

Conclusions: The cut-off points of SMI by BIA derived from a sample of Colombian men and women may be adequate for the diagnosis of LMM in the Colombian geriatric population or populations with similar characteristics to those of the sample evaluated here.
Interplay among positive and negative symptoms, neurocognition, social cognition, and functioning in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia: a network analysis
Authors: Charernboon Thammanard
Published: March 2022

Background: Schizophrenia has a broad range of interrelated symptoms and impairment in functioning. The objective of the study was to explore the interplay between positive symptoms, negative symptoms, neurocognition, social cognition and functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia using network analysis.

Methods: Participants were 64 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia. Psychopathologic, neurocognition, social cognition, and functional outcome were measured using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III, Faces test, Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, and Personal Social Performance scale.

Results: The network analysis suggested that functional outcome was the most central in the network followed by avolition and asociality. Functioning was directly connected to avolition, asociality, blunted affect, neurocognition and emotion recognition. The positive symptoms were the most remote and therefore the least important node.

Conclusion: The high centrality of functioning suggests the need for improving of everyday life skills for patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, treatment of specific negative symptoms, neurocognition and emotion recognition could also enhance functional outcome.
Effectiveness of interventions to support the transition home after acute stroke: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: O'Callaghan Geraldine , Fahy Martin , Murphy Paul , Langhorne Peter , Galvin Rose , Horgan Frances
Published: March 2022

Background

Despite advances in the quality of acute stroke management, there are gaps in knowledge about effective support interventions to better manage the transition of care to home for patients with this complex condition.  The goal of this systematic review is to explore the literature around support interventions available for patients as they navigate from acute hospital, rehabilitation or early supported discharge (ESD) services to independent living at home; and to establish if, in comparison with usual care or other comparative active interventions, support services offered to patients as they transition from acute hospital, inpatient rehabilitation/ESD to home, can achieve better patient and / or process outcomes.

Protocol 

In June 2021, we will carry out, on electronic peer-reviewed databases, a comprehensive literature search based on a pre-defined search strategy, developed and conducted in collaboration with an Information Specialist.   In an effort to identify all published trials we will perform citation tracking of included studies, check reference lists of relevant articles, review grey literature, and extend our search to google scholar.

We will include randomised controlled trials (including cluster and quasi-randomisation) recruiting stroke patients transitioning to home, to receive either usual care or any support intervention designed to improve outcomes after stroke.

The primary clinical outcome will be functional status.  Two review authors will scrutinise trials, categorise them on their eligibility, and extract data. We will analyse the results for all trials and perform meta-analyses where possible.  We will assess risk of bias for the included trials and use GRADE to assess the quality of the body of evidence.

Patient and public involvement (PPI) engaged in the development of the research questions, and will participate in co-design of a strategy for dissemination of findings.

Conclusions: The findings from this review will be used to identify knowledge gaps to direct future research.
RESEARCH ON HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEM OF RAILWAY FREIGHT LOCOMOTIVE
Authors: CHEN XIANHUI , CHEN CHENG
Published: March 2022

The abnormal of railway freight locomotives may directly lead to the outage of locomotives. The current maintenance system cannot meet the reliability requirements of freight locomotives. For this season, it is necessary to establish a railway freight locomotive health management and fault early warning system. By analyzing the current development of freight locomotives, this paper analyzes the requirements of fault prediction and health management system of freight locomotives, uses machine learning algorithm to model and analyze, evaluates the health status of each equipment and system, comprehensively considers the maintenance cost and system reliability, transforms the experience maintenance to the state maintenance, and optimizes the maintenance strategy. Taking the axle temperature system as an example, the application of health management and fault early warning system can effectively improve the reliability of freight locomotive operation and reduce maintenance cost.
VEHICLE-TRACK-INTERACTION MEASUREMENTS AS A BASIS FOR CONTINUOUS INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING (CIM) AND FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TWINS
Authors: WOLTER KLAUS ULRICH , LIU XING
Published: March 2022

Measurement systems on regular scheduled trains to record the vehicle-track-interaction, opens up new possibilities for the railways. On the one hand for the railway companies and on the other hand for the rail infrastructure companies. These systems reduce investment costs and increase the actuality of the recorded data. The quality of the railway infrastructure is evaluated from the measured vehicle-trackinteraction. Such systems are in operation at Deutsche Bahn AG since 2004. The quality of the infrastructure is continuously monitored, repair works can be planned in a targeted manner and the quality and sustainability of repair works can be checked. With the support of this system, the quality and reliability of railway operations can be increased significantly. The data of the vehicle-track-interaction is also used for the development of digital twins for vehicles and infrastructure. In this way, the stress on individual components in the area of the chassis can be determined. This enables simulation models to be verified.
DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION OF CFRP SHAFT BASED ON BACK-PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: JIANG ZHONGCHENG , WANG XIANFENG , DING GUOPING , YAN XIAOYU , WANG YANJUAN , YU YI
Published: March 2022

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor is a new type of optical sensor that is light in quality, small in volume, easy to achieve distributed measurement, and easy to embed. When FBG sensor technology is introduced to the damage detection of the CFRP shaft, the shortcomings of conventional damage detection technologies, including ultrasonic testing and radiographic testing, can be effectively overcome. Considering the working load, operating environment and life requirements of the CFRP shaft , combined with the relevant national and industry standards for composite material testing, Prepare three CFRP shaft with embedded fiber gratings (non-destructive CFRP shaft, single hole CFRP shaft , double hole CFRP shaft), the hole diameter is 1mm, and the layering of CFRP shaft is ([0   / 90   / 45   / 0   / 0   / 45   / -45   / 0   / -45   / 0   / 90   / 90   / 0   / -45   / 0   / -45   / 45   / 0   / 0   / 45   / 90   / 0  ]). FBG is embedded between 18 and 19 layers, pasted on the surface of CFRP shaft with 10 FBG sensors (named FBG1, FBG2... FBG10). The strain information of the CFRP shaft is obtained through fiber grating to obtain the deformation of the CFRP shaft under a three-point bending load. Each CFRP shaft is loaded 12 times (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, D1, D2, D3). Through the BP neural network method, the mapping relationship between strain distribution and damage model was established. In the model, the FBG sensor measures the strain of the CFRP shaft and forms the input of the neural network. Combined with the damage situation of the composite material, the learning samples of the network formed. After learning and training, the neural network can damage recognition. To better verify the accuracy of the neural network to distinguish and identify the CFRP shaft non-destructive, single-hole, and double-hole damage patterns. The finite element analysis was used to simulate the damage of three CFRP shafts under the same experimental conditions, and extract the eigenvalues at the same position to form the input of the network, combined with the damage situation of the composite material, constitutes a learning sample of the network. The experiment shows that the CFRP shaft experiment based on BP neural network verifies the reliability of the CFRP shaft damage recognition method. The finite element analysis is used to extract the strain information of CFRP shaft measuring points with different damage modes. The damage position information and strain information were input into the BP neural network. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which verifies the accuracy of the BP neural network to distinguish the CFRP shaft non-destructive, single-hole, and doublehole damage patterns.
ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF ABNORMAL VIBRATION AND NOISE AT THE END OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN
Authors: JIA SHANGSHUAI , WANG XINGMIN , PAN DEKUO , ZHANG WENMIN , ZHAO XINLI
Published: March 2022

The abnormal vibration and noise at the end of high-speed train are studied by means of simulation and measurements. Firstly, the signal characteristics of abnormal vibration and noise at the end are obtained through field measurement. The Simulation of aerodynamic noise in Gangway area and the analysis of Track Test data are conducted to examine the source and transmission path of abnormal vibration noise and figure out its mechanism. The solutions are put forward respectively from the structural design of the control sound source and the damping optimization of the control vibration. The test results show that the abnormal vibration and noise of the vehicle is well suppressed, at 300km/h, the inner noise is reduced by 2.4dB(A) and the fault frequency band is reduced by 4.3dB, the vibration energy of the end wall is reduced by 40%. The control method provide theoretical guidance and basis for vehicle optimization design and fault diagnosis.
APPLICATION OF FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN MODEL SELECTION OF COUPLER FOR THE LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE IN HONG KONG
Authors: XU TAO , HUANG WENJIE , ZHANG DI , HU JIGUI , BAO WEIBIN
Published: March 2022

A number of fracture failure of the light rail vehicles folding coupler hooks occurred during service in Hong Kong. And the leakage of the main reservoir pipe air connection is more than the requirement. It has threatened the operation of the Mass Transit Railway. The modifications of the hook and air connection were proposed in the new vehicles design. By macroscopic analysis of the fracture surface and the test of the leakage, the modifications were adopted. The coupler functions and performance after the optimization was achieved as design according to the requirement of Particular Specification.
Information systems project management success
Authors: Varajão João , Trigo António , Pereira José Luís , Moura Isabel
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to provide new insights into information systems (IS) project management success. Even though many studies found in the literature show results of software development projects, few studies address the success of IS (socio-technical) projects. Responses to an international survey, regarding 472 projects in total, showed that IS project management is achieving high levels of success; yet, only a minority of projects end without changes in scope, schedule or cost. Furthermore, the results show that changes in scope, schedule or cost are frequent in this kind of project and do not significantly affect the perception of success. These results provide researchers and practitioners with a better understanding of IS project management success evaluation.
Risk Guarantees for End-to-End Prediction and Optimization Processes
Authors: Ho-Nguyen Nam , Kılınç-Karzan Fatma
Published: March 2022

Prediction methods are often employed to estimate parameters of optimization models. Although the goal in an end-to-end framework is to achieve good performance on the subsequent optimization model, a formal understanding of the ways in which prediction methods can affect optimization performance is notably lacking. This paper identifies conditions on prediction methods that can guarantee good optimization performance. We provide two types of results: asymptotic guarantees under a well-known Fisher consistency criterion and nonasymptotic performance bounds under a more stringent criterion. We use these results to analyze optimization performance for several existing prediction methods and show that in certain settings, methods tailored to the optimization problem can fail to guarantee good performance. Conversely, optimization-agnostic methods can sometimes, surprisingly, have good guarantees. In a computational study on portfolio optimization, fractional knapsack, and multiclass classification problems, we compare the optimization performance of several prediction methods. We demonstrate that lack of Fisher consistency of the prediction method can indeed have a detrimental effect on performance.

This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant 1454548].

Supplemental Material: Data and the e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4321 .
AVALIAÇÃO DA FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL COMO SUBSÍDIO PARA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO DO BELTRÃO - MS
Authors: Vick Erivelton Pereira , Silva Edson Rodrigo dos Santos da , Bacani Vitor Matheus , Lima César Gustavo da Rocha , Peluco Ariane Aparecida , Gradella Frederico Dos Santos , Decco Hermiliano Felipe , Oliveira Vincler Fernandes Ribeiro de , Neto Milto Ferreira , Brito Rafael Martins
Published: March 2022

A bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Beltrão apresenta área de 300 km², localizada no município de Selvíria-MS, é marcada por intensas transformações na paisagem, e possui dois assentamentos rurais, o São Joaquim (35,14 km²) e o Alecrim (12,7 km²). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fragilidade ambiental, levando em consideração a relação de variáveis como solos, declividade, intensidade pluviométrica, áreas prioritárias para conservação da biodiversidade e uso e cobertura da terra. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram na sobreposição ponderada dessas variáveis em ambiente SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica). Os resultados indicaram que na maior parte da bacia ocorre média fragilidade ambiental (45,7%) associada às áreas de pastagem e silvicultura, com declividades entre 6% e 12%, seguida pela baixa fragilidade ambiental (43,1%), concentrada em locais com a presença de vegetação natural; muito alta (11,1%), correlacionadas as áreas de planície de inundação que apresentam uma dinâmica complexa e necessitam de um manejo conservativo, visto que, estas áreas encontram-se em grande maioria fora das áreas de APPs (28,1 km²), e alta (0,1%), que é incipiente no mapeamento realizado.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO MUNICÍPIO DE PINHAIS (PARANÁ) E A OCORRÊNCIA DE DESASTRES HIDROMETEOROLÓGICOS
Authors: Fonseca Murilo Noli da , Ferentz Larissa Maria da Silva , Garcias Carlos Mello
Published: March 2022

As consequências das atividades humanas na natureza tem sido alvo de preocupação há muitos anos. No entanto, isto tem se agravado com o aumento da ocorrência de eventos extremos nos centros urbanos, sendo cada vez mais importante conhecer todos os aspectos que se intercalam às cidades. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é caracterizar os aspectos climatológicos, geomorfológicos, pedológicos e hidrológicos do município de Pinhais, integrante da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC), no Estado do Paraná, e, com base nisso, analisar a ocorrência de eventos hidrometeorológicos no território. Trata-se, pois, de um estudo predominantemente descritivo, fundamentado em dados secundários disponibilizados pelas coordenadorias municipal e estadual de proteção e defesa civil. Como principal resultado, tem-se a identificação dos principais pontos de suscetibilidade e vulnerabilidade do município, sendo um importante instrumento de gestão. Conclui-se que o presente método auxilia na compreensão da percepção dos riscos em que o município se encontra, auxiliando na adoção de medidas que minimizem os impactos causados por eventos hidrometeorológicos.
OS LUGARES DO LIVRO NA GEOGRAFIA: ABORDAGENS NA GEOGRAFIA DO LIVRO E NA HISTÓRIA DA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR
Authors: Leles Gabriela
Published: March 2022

O artigo analisou as abordagens que a geografia tem mobilizado no estudo que envolve o livro, com a finalidade de produzir conhecimento de natureza geográfica e sobre o próprio campo. Desse modo, levantou-se o seguinte questionamento: como essa ciência tem se apropriado do livro, no geral, e do manual escolar de geografia, em particular, para produzir, reproduzir e divulgar conhecimento? Dessa forma, realizou-se uma apreciação crítica de aspectos teórico-metodológicos conferidos ao livro em duas abordagens que o têm como objeto de estudo e/ou o utilizam como fonte documental: a “geografia do livro” e a “história da geografia escolar”. Na primeira, verificou-se uma ênfase na consideração do espaço como um dos agentes relacionados à produção, distribuição e consumo de livros. Na segunda, destacaram-se tratamentos voltados para a análise dos conteúdos e dos currículos que, por sua vez, tem negligenciado um exame propriamente geográfico das trajetórias da disciplina escolar. Buscou-se evidenciar a potencialidade de abordagens que valorizam a dimensão material do livro, como objeto físico, concreto, materializado no espaço e que compõe um sistema de ações e de objetos. Por fim, indica-se caminhos possíveis no campo da história da geografia escolar a partir da valorização da dimensão material e histórica do livro escolar e sua análise, desde uma perspectiva geográfica.
RIO 2016 ET PARIS 2024: UNE REFLEXION SUR L'HERITAGE DES JEUX OLYMPIQUES
Authors: Acioli Andréa
Published: March 2022

Introduction: L'espace urbain est une cible constante des conflits de pouvoir et, dans la période actuelle du capitalisme, il a été considéré comme un élément central de la reproduction du capital. Ce que nous voyons se construire dans la ville de Rio de Janeiro démontre un nouvel urbanisme simulé par la financiarisation et soutenu par l'élément différentiel. Les Jeux olympiques sont alors transformés en mécanismes instrumentalisés pour l'expansion du profit du capital au niveau mondial. Ainsi, les intérêts locaux sont affaiblis et les projets de développement sont abandonnés, laissant en héritage des discours et des projets vides de sens, sans résultats concrets en termes de transformation sociale. Objectif: L'objectif de cet article est d'entamer une réflexion comparative entre Rio 2016 et Paris 2024 afin de vérifier comment les plans pour l'héritage de ces événements sont réalisés et quels résultats ils apportent aux villes hôtes et à leur population. Résultats: comme il s'agit de premières réflexions, nous n'avons pas encore de résultats concluants à présenter, mais nous avons déjà indiqué des indices sur la manière dont le processus va se dérouler. L'un d'entre eux traite de la question de la valorisation de l'espace par le capital, qui entraîne une augmentation des prix de l'immobilier et, par conséquent, des processus de gentrification. Conclusion : Il est nécessaire d'analyser attentivement le déroulement de ce processus dans les années à venir, afin de vérifier si le modèle d'évaluation immobilière reste dans une courbe de croissance déjà prévue ou si, comme nous proposons comme hypothèse, il y aura des impacts plus forts résultant de la combinaison de ces éléments avec les opérations et l'héritage des Jeux Olympiques à Paris.
OS USOS DOS ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS: A PRAÇA E SUA DINÂMICA NA CIDADE ATUAL
Authors: Batista Ramony Pereira , Bortolo Carlos Alexandre
Published: March 2022

Introdução: Os Espaços públicos bem projetados podem desempenhar importante papel tanto para a qualidade das cidades como para o bem-estar das pessoas.  São muitos os benefícios que estes espaços podem trazer, como sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Ainda que tenham evoluído na forma e função ao longo da história, os espaços públicos foram sempre alvo de análises, pelo fato de serem destinados à inclusão de qualquer indivíduo, independentemente da idade, aspectos sociais, econômicos ou condições físicas. Uma das maiores preocupações das sociedades atuais é garantir aos cidadãos o que é seu por direito: a cidade. Diversas cidades já apresentam uma nova visão sobre essa questão. Rompendo a lógica de um planejamento prático moderno, buscam criar espaços de maior qualidade tanto para seus usuários, quanto para a aparência das cidades, mediante estratégias de desenho urbano e apropriação. Essa é uma realidade que evidencia a tentativa do retorno das tomadas de decisões envolvendo a escala do homem e suas vivências na cidade. Ademais, os espaços públicos são primeiro e simploriamente definidos como locais de encontro entre os diversos grupos que compõem a cena urbana. Os espaços urbanos são também construídos ao longo do tempo. Deste modo, a cidade atual é resultado cumulativo no tempo das outras cidades que existiram. Estes espaços, especialmente as praças, apresentam um mix de usos e apropriações; para os indivíduos são espaços para encontros, lazer, manifestações políticas e culturais, dentre elas a manifestação religiosa. Objetivo: Perante esse contexto, busca-se compreender os usos e apropriações da praça, como espaço público na dinâmica da cidade de Montes Claros (MG), e das manifestações culturais, especialmente no que tange a Igreja Católica presente na cidade em tela. Métodos: A pesquisa de caráter qualitativo utiliza-se como técnicas de cunho documental, a partir da consulta de dados em órgãos públicos e materiais bibliográficos científicos por meio de análise da caracterização de estudos, artigos acadêmicos, científicos, e posteriormente foram feitas visitas a campo que possibilitaram a relação teoria-empiria e registros iconográficos das praças em estudo da referida temática. Resultados: São relacionadas no artigo as principais formas de usos dos espaços públicos, sendo estes, as praças e sua dinâmica na cidade contemporânea, cidade esta, Montes Claros no Norte do Estado de Minas Gerais, analisando as praças, um breve histórico, seus usos, as igrejas presentes nestes espaços, suas influências e distintas formas de seus usos. Conclusão: Em considerações finais, os espaços públicos: as praças (abordadas neste trabalho) são inseridas nessa lógica da construção capitalista, como foi demonstrado. As praças são apropriadas distintamente pelo Estado, pelo mercado e pelos indivíduos, para estes é espaço de encontros, diálogos e ritos, apresentando assim, suas diferentes e distintas formas de usos pelos mais variados agentes produtores do espaço público urbano da cidade em tela.
ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DO RIO CURIAÚ EM MACAPÁ/AP: TERRITÓRIOS DE RESISTÊNCIA E A LEGALIZAÇÃO DE ÁREAS
Authors: Brito Daguinete Maria Chaves , Bastos Ananda Brito , Bastos Cecília Maria Chaves Brito
Published: March 2022

A proteção legal de áreas é o principal instrumento de preservação e conservação ambiental e cultural no Brasil. Neste sentido, as comunidades com ancestralidades negras vinculadas à Área de Proteção Ambiental do Rio Curiaú e, consequentemente, à bacia hidrográfica do rio Curiaú no município de Macapá, estado do Amapá, buscam as normas legais para protegerem seu ambiente e sua cultura, ou seja, o seu território. Estas comunidades têm como principal finalidade a homologação de seus territórios. Entretanto, o processo é moroso e com alto grau de dificuldade, causando desesperança aos comunitários. Objetivo: Com este Estudo pretendeu-se analisar os processos de titulação das comunidades remanescentes de quilombo que estão vinculados à Área de Proteção Ambiental do Rio Curiaú e como as comunidades vêm resistindo à pressão promovida pela expansão urbana e do desenvolvimento da sojicultura. Metodologia: Consistiu em pesquisa documental, teórica, legislação e em campo, com observação in loco. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que os principais instrumentos utilizados pelas comunidades remanescentes de quilombo para resguardar seus territórios são as normas legais com as quais tentam legalizar por meio de titulação seus territórios.
To tell or not to tell—that is the question
Authors: Greenaway Beth
Published: March 2022

In this issue's patient story, Beth Greenaway discusses the complexities of disclosing a heart condition to peers, dates and employers, highlighting the stigma surrounding disabilities and ‘invisible’ illnesses.
Cardiovascular involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review of prevalence studies
Authors: Hamer Oliver , Phoong Kar Yen , Harrison Joanna , Hill James
Published: March 2022

In this commentary, Hamer, Phoong, Harrison and Hill critically appraise a systematic review of the prevalence, nature, and rate of cardiovascular involvement in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.
Creating sustained and positive changes to patient safety: reducing insulin administration errors in a district nursing service
Authors: Leeson David
Published: March 2022

Administering insulin in a patient's own home is perceived as a simple nursing intervention, and one that is regularly delegated to newly qualified staff, agency and bank staff. However, without robust processes and clear, easy-to-follow nursing documentation in place, a simple nursing intervention can easily lead to an avoidable medication error and patient safety incident. This article describes the steps one trust has taken to combat insulin administration incidents. The article describes the use of a Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycle to help test changes and roll out sustainable transformation. It describes some of the challenges faced, alongside the solutions tested and embedded into practice.
Invigorating diabetes care in a post-pandemic arena
Authors: Phillips Anne
Published: March 2022

Diabetes services have undergone significant changes during the pandemic. Anne Phillips highlights the opportunities this provides for improving care for people living with diabetes
Approaching the future management of sweet itch
Authors: Curnow Ben , Darroch Iona
Published: March 2022

Insect bite hypersensitivity, commonly known as the ‘sweet itch’, continues to prove frustrating to manage in practice. Insect bite hypersensitivity is the most common allergic skin disease in horses, characterised as a hypersensitivity to the salivary proteins of the Culicodes genus of insects. The complex nature of this allergic disease means that no set of affected horses can be managed in the same way. Common approaches to sweet itch can be broken down into the categories of anti-inflammatories, allergen avoidance, skin conditioning and immunotherapy. Many effective management techniques focus on avoiding insect bites and regularly washing skin. Advances are currently being made towards effective immunotherapy, with varied results in clinical trials and in practice. As a result of this, a multimodal approach to the management of insect bite hypersensitivity is often recommended.
Superficial digital flexor tendinitis treatment using high-intensity laser therapy and therapeutic ultrasound in polo ponies
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Kidtiwong Angkana , Issariyodom Pemika ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Pirunsan Ubon ,   Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Na Lampang Kannika ,   Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Rungsri Porrakote ,   Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Published: March 2022

High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) is an alternative technique that should provide better results than therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of tendinitis. However, there has not yet been a study to support this hypothesis in horses, especially in polo ponies. This study aims to follow up the outcomes of high-intensity laser therapy and therapeutic ultrasound in tendinitis polo ponies in Thailand. Twelve limbs with tendinitis from 10 ponies were included in the study after lameness examination; the limbs were confirmed to have tendinitis via ultrasonography. The ponies were randomized to high-intensity laser therapy and therapeutic ultrasound group. Recordings of the severity of the cross-sectional area (CSA), echogenicity score, fiber alignment score (FAS), lameness examination and pain responsive were performed on day 0, day 8, day 30 and day 60. The samples were randomized to six limbs in each treatment group. The results show that there was no significantly change in the CSA within treatment groups (HILT: p = 0.2; therapeutic ultrasound p > 0.9) and between the treatment group (p > 0.9), echogenicity score or FAS within and between the treatment group in 60 days of study. None of the ponies in this study experienced skin reactions from the treatment. In conclusion, both high-intensity laser therapy and therapeutic ultrasound are safe to use in the tendinitis of polo ponies and have the ability to decrease inflammation. However, a rehabilitation program is still the most important part that should be controlled along with the treatment.
Proximal femoral replacement in non-neoplastic revision hip arthroplasty
Authors: Syam Kevin , Unnikrishnan P. Nithin , Lokikere Naveen K. , Wilson-Theaker William , Gambhir Anil , Shah Nikhil , Porter Martyn
Published: March 2022

Aims

With increasing burden of revision hip arthroplasty (THA), one of the major challenges is the management of proximal femoral bone loss associated with previous multiple surgeries. Proximal femoral arthroplasty (PFA) has already been popularized for tumour surgeries. Our aim was to describe the outcome of using PFA in these demanding non-neoplastic cases.

Methods

A retrospective review of 25 patients who underwent PFA for non-neoplastic indications between January 2009 and December 2015 was undertaken. Their clinical and radiological outcome, complication rates, and survival were recorded. All patients had the Stanmore Implant – Modular Endo-prosthetic Tumour System (METS).

Results

At mean follow-up of 5.9 years, there were no periprosthetic fractures. Clearance of infection was achieved in 63.6% of cases. One hip was re-revised to pseudo arthroplasty for deep infection. Instability was noted in eight of the hips (32%), of which seven needed further surgery. Out of these eight hips with instability, five had preoperative infection. Deep infection was noted in five of the hips (20%), of which four were primarily revised for infection. One patient had aseptic loosening of the femoral component and awaits revision surgery. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship free of revision of any component for any reason was 72% (95% confidence interval (CI) 51.3% to 92.7%), and for revisions of only femoral component for any reason was 96% (95% CI 86.3% to 105.7%) at five years.

Conclusion

Dislocation and infection remain the major cause for failure, particularly in patients with pre-existing infection. The use of dual mobility cups, silver-coated implants, and less aggressive postoperative rehabilitation regimens would possibly aid in the reduction of complications. PFA performed in patients with periprosthetic fracture seem to fair better. This study supports the judicious use of PFA in non-oncological revision hip arthroplasties, and that they be performed by experienced revision arthroplasty surgeons. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):229–235.
Direito à saúde das crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus Zika: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Araujo Mariana de Oliveira , Nascimento Maria Angela Alves do , Lima Isabel Maria Sampaio Oliveira , Araujo Bianca de Oliveira
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Analisar o Direito à Saúde das crianças com Síndrome Congênita do vírus Zika. Métodos: Revisão integrativa realizada em julho de 2018, nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (Pubmed), atendendo ao recorte temporal de 2016 a 2018, nos idiomas português e inglês. Os dados foram analisados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: Foram selecionados 14 artigos. Os resultados foram agrupados em duas categorias: Processo saúde-doença da infecção pelo vírus Zika e da Síndrome Congênita do vírus Zika – que discute aspectos referentes ao processo saúde-doença e a busca pelo tratamento; Síndrome Congênita do vírus Zika: lacuna na garantia dos direitos das crianças acometidas? – uma abordagem sobre os direitos reprodutivos e o direito constitucional à saúde após a epidemia do vírus Zika. Conclusão: Percebeu-se que as discussões no que concernem ao Direito à Saúde das pessoas com deficiência, especificamente das crianças com Síndrome Congênita do vírus Zika e suas respectivas famílias, podem e precisam ser ampliadas, considerando-se a luta em promovê-lo efetivamente a esses cidadãos.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from an electromagnetic induced transparency substrate for the determination of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ren Sheng , Zhao Yihua , Wang Shiqi , Chen Zhenjiang , Xu Yunjian , Mo Zhenhao , Wang Xiaobin , Shen Binglin , Qu Junle , Hu Rui , Liu Liwei
Published: March 2022

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical method that is especially suitable for the detection of protein molecules. Detection sensitivity of SERS is directly related to the enhancement factor of the substrate, which is dependent on the strength of a local surface electric field generated by surface plasmonic resonance from substrate. In this study, an electromagnetic induced transparency like (EIT-like) metamaterial was used as the SERS substrate. The corresponding plasmonic resonance structure not only produces stronger optical near field but also reduces the spectral line broadening due to radiation damping. This is very beneficial for SERS process, which is strongly dependent on electric field intensity, to improve the sensitivity of SERS detection. Compared with the single resonance mode substrate, the enhancement factor for SERS with the double-mode substrate was increased by an order of magnitude. The obtained EIT-like substrate was used as a SERS-active substrate to detect Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA)-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific maker. Experimental results are in good agreement with the clinical diagnosis, which demonstrates the potential application of metamaterials in the SERS-based diagnosis and biosensing.
Differential phase measurement based on synchronous phase shift determination
Authors: Zhou Chengxin , Han Xianxin , Wang Zhenqian , Sun Ran , Zhong Wanqing , Pedrini Giancarlo , Zhong Liyun , Lu Xiaoxu
Published: March 2022

Based on synchronous phase shift determination, we propose a differential phase measurement method for differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. An on-line phase shift measurement device is used to generate carrier interferograms and determine the phase shift of DIC images. Then the differential phase can be extracted with the least-squares phase-shifting algorithm. In addition to realizing on-line, dynamic, real-time, synchronous and high precision phase shift measurement, the proposed method also can reconstruct the phase of the specimen by using the phase-integral algorithm. The differential phase measurement method reveals obvious advantages in error compensation, anti-interference, and noise suppression. Both simulation analysis and experimental result demonstrate that using the proposed method, the accuracy of phase shift measurement is higher than 0.007 rad. Very accurate phase reconstructions were obtained with both polystyrene microspheres and human vascular endothelial.
Robust multi-angle structured illumination lensless microscopy via illumination angle calibration
Authors: Guo Yanxun , Guo Rongzhen , Qi Pan , Zhou You , Zhang Zibang , Zheng Guoan , Zhong Jingang
Published: March 2022

Multi-angle structured illumination lensless (MASIL) microscopy enables high-resolution image recovery over a large field of view. Successful image recovery of MASIL microscopy, however, relies on an accurate knowledge of the multi-angle illumination. System misalignments and slight deviations from the true illumination angle may result in image artifacts in reconstruction. Here we report a MASIL microscopy system that is robust against illumination misalignment. To calibrate the illumination angles, we design and use a double-sided mask, which is a glass wafer fabricated with a ring-array pattern on the upper surface and a disk-array pattern on the lower surface. As such, the illumination angles can be decoded from the captured images by estimating the relative displacement of the two patterns. We experimentally demonstrate that this system can achieve successful image recovery without any prior knowledge of the illumination angles. The reported approach provides a simple yet robust resolution for wide-field lensless microscopy. It can solve the LED array misalignment problem and calibrate angle-varied illumination for a variety of applications.
Femtosecond Mamyshev fiber oscillator started by a passively Q-switched microchip laser
Authors: Pizzurro Sara , Gotti Riccardo , Carrà Luca , Piccinno Giuliano , Agnesi Antonio , Pirzio Federico
Published: March 2022

A femtosecond Mamyshev fiber oscillator in normal dispersion mode at 1 µm was started reliably and safely by an inexpensive diode-pumped passively Q-switched monolithic microchip laser emitting 300-ps pulses. Four-wave mixing spectral broadening is shown to play a pivotal role in starting the Mamyshev oscillator, owing to the random short and intense temporal fluctuations allowed by its ∼10-nm bandwidth. Systematic studies of the starting dynamics show that a success rate of 100% of the attempts is achieved with modest seed energy, as low as ∼30 nJ from the sub-nanosecond laser, corresponding to ∼100 pJ for the total four-wave mixing signal required to start the oscillation.