bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between serum transglutaminase-2 levels and the severity of chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Zeyada Omneya M. , Ashour Zeinab A. , Lotfy Omar A. , Mahmoud Mayada M.
Published: July 2024

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an immunological disease that is depicted by high prevalence and eminent burden for patients and society that is attributable to the arbitrary nature of symptoms and inconsistent tools for assessment of activity and severity. Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is a posttranslational enzyme that is pervasively expressed in many cells and tissue types including mast cells. It has various biological functions, and its role in allergic disorders has been highlighted and delineated through several postulated mechanisms. This case–control study aimed at determining the relationship between serum levels TG2 and severity of CSU. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Egypt to determine the relationship between serum TG2 and severity of CSU. We enrolled 60 adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of CSU. According to urticaria activity score (UAS), patients were categorized into three groups [20 with mild disease; UAS = 0, 20 with moderate disease; UAS = 1–3, 20 with severe disease; UAS = 4–6]. Another 20 healthy individuals (age and gender matched) served as a control group. All patients were subjected to detailed medical history, clinical examination, complete blood count with differential, serum total IgE, CRP, ESR, TSH, ANA, liver and renal function tests. Serum level of TG2 was done by quantitative ELISA for all enrolled patients and controls. Serum TG2 is significantly higher in patients group compared to control group (P value < 0.001). Serum TG2 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe disease compared to patients with moderate or mild disease. This is illustrated by the significant positive correlation between serum TG2 and UAS (r 0.814 and P value 0.000). Moreover, serum TG2 accurately classified CSU patients into mild, moderate and severe subgroups: as regards differentiation between mild and moderate cases (sensitivity 70%, specificity 80%, PPV 77.8, NPV 72.7) and as for the differentiation between moderate and severe cases (sensitivity 95%, specificity 90%, PPV 90.5, NPV 94.7). Serum TG2 may have a pivotal role as a marker of severity in patients with CSU.
Which social–ecological factors play a role in older adults’ participation in a blended physical activity intervention? Results of a multi-layered feedback analysis
Authors: Peters Manuela , Ratz Tiara , Muellmann Saskia , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia , Lippke Sonia , Pischke Claudia R.
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting older adults’ participation in a blended physical activity (PA) intervention, which comprised tailored home-based exercises and supervised on-site group sessions with peers. Specifically, the objective was to explore participants’ feedback for identifying specific requirements regarding intervention components and materials.

Subject and methods

In a 9-month randomized trial with a cross-over design targeting adults aged 60 and above, web- and print-based materials to promote PA were enhanced based on results of a preceding trial, and tested in n = 242 participants. Use of these adapted program components, attendance of group sessions, and acceptance of the intervention were assessed via self-administered paper-based questionnaires 3 and 9 months after baseline, as well as in interviews and group sessions. Participant feedback was analyzed via qualitative content analysis of open-ended questions, group interviews, and protocols. The social–ecological model served as a coding framework.

Results

Feedback covering six different levels of requirements according to the social–ecological model was analyzed. The content of the program, including the option to track perceived progress in PA, health, and fitness, as well as the group-based components, providing opportunities for social support, and training with the peer group, were appreciated by participants. Criticism and suggestions for improvement were provided with regard to instructors of the group sessions, the group atmosphere, space requirements, program scheduling, and communication.

Conclusions

Based on various sources of participant feedback, several requirements and recommendations regarding future characteristics of PA interventions targeting older adults in community settings can be provided.
Elemental composition of household dusts extracted in simulated body fluids and their impact on culturable pathogenic bacteria responses
Authors: Baysal Asli , Zora Sevilay , Saygin Hasan
Published: July 2024

In the last decade, a great deal of research has focused on the determination of potential toxic elements by total concentration and identification the microorganisms in dust. However, determining bio-relevant (e.g., inhalable) forms of elements instead of total contents in acids is necessary for human health. Moreover, examination of the behavior of microorganism under these bio-relevant conditions and revealing the interaction between elements and pathogens is vital and necessary for deeper understanding. However, previous studies have ignored these topics. Therefore, the present study aimed to (i) investigate elements in household dusts extracted in simulated lung fluids, (ii) examine the total concentration of culturable bacteria and their biochemical responses with exposure to bio-fractions of household dusts, and (iii) assess their relations and risks using the model approaches by inhalation. Here, settled dusts were collected in 25 houses, and extracted in four simulated body fluids to determine bio-fractions of elements. Moreover, total count of potentially pathogenic and heterotrophic bacteria, and four clinically important culturable pathogens were incubated in the presence of household-dusts extracted in simulated body fluids. The activity, biofilm, biochemical and oxidative responses of pathogens were measured following household-dust exposures. Afterward, the relationship between elements and pathogen responses were evaluated, and model and derived approaches were used for risk assessments of elements and pathogens. The higher daily intake of elements obtained in artificial lysosomal fluid fraction of household dust mimicking the inflammatory condition compared to other body fluids. Moreover, bacterial responses were mainly influenced from bio-fractions of household dusts and their elemental contents.
Clinical Observation of Acupuncture Combined with Biofeedback Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Tian Na , Bai Jingsi , Li Jie , Ji Caiqing
Published: July 2024

To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation on female stress urinary incontinence. Ninety patients diagnosed in a hospital between January 2020 and January 2021 were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C). Group A was treated with biofeedback electrical stimulation, 3 times a week for 30 min for 15 times. Group B used acupuncture treatment, including Guanyuan, Qihai, Zhongji, Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Yinlingquan, once a day, Monday–Friday, 30 min each, for a total of 10 times. Group C was treated with acupuncture combined with biofeedback electrical stimulation. All three groups were combined with pelvic floor muscle training. Following treatment, the changes in class I and II muscle fibre strength, ICI-Q-SF score and urine leakage in the 1-hour pad test were compared. Prior to treatment, there was no significant difference in the general data of the three patient groups, as well as class I and II muscle fibre strength, ICI-Q-SF score and 1-hour urinary pad test (P > 0.05). Following treatment, class I and II muscle fibre strength in groups A and C improved compared with before, with statistical significance (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in group B (P > 0.05). In the three groups, ICI-Q-SF scores and 1-hour urinary pad test results were lower compared with before (P < 0.05), with those in group C better than those in groups A and B (P < 0.05). The treatment efficiency of the three patient groups was 86.7%, 83.3% and 96.7%, respectively. Combined acupuncture and biofeedback electrical stimulation can improve pelvic floor muscle strength, urine leakage and quality of life, and can be superior to biofeedback and acupuncture treatment alone.
Dilatometric study on phase transformations in non-deformed and plastically deformed medium-Mn multiphase steels with increased Al and Si additions
Authors: Kozłowska Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

In this work, two novel alloys containing 4 and 5 mass.% Mn were subjected to theoretical calculations using JMatPro software and experimental studies using dilatometry in order to determine their critical temperatures and ranges of phase transformations of supercooled austenite in undeformed and deformed states. The differences in the kinetics of phase transformations and final microstructures were observed using a light microscope and compared for both investigated alloys. The Mn addition had a strong effect on reducing the Ac3 and Ms temperatures. The plastic deformation applied prior cooling affected the Ms temperature of investigated alloys and kinetics of phase transformations. Both investigated alloys showed high hardenability in the deformed and non-deformed states; and therefore, they can be used as good candidates for products obtained via the Quenching and Partitioning process. Investigated alloys can be used both for sheets and plates of increased thickness because the homogeneous martensitic microstructure can be obtained in a wide range of cooling rates during quenching. The obtained results show a wide technological window for the investigated alloys in producing sheets and plates via the Quenching and Partitioning process.
Nanobainite formation in high-Al medium-Mn steels: thermodynamic approach
Authors: Morawiec Mateusz , Opara Jarosław , Grajcar Adam
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to analyze the thermodynamic feasibility of forming nanobainite in Al-alloyed medium-Mn steels through intercritical annealing (IA) and subsequent heat treatments. The research aimed to determine the influence of IA temperature and Mn content on the stability of austenite, the Ms temperature, and the resulting bainite plate thickness (BPT). Our findings indicate that the IA temperature range of 780–860 °C effectively decreased the Ms temperature, facilitating the formation of nanobainite. The results demonstrated that a higher Mn content increases an austenite fraction during IA, thus enhancing the potential for nanobainite formation. For the 3MnNb steel, the IA temperature of 860°C was sufficient to achieve bainitic plates thinner than 100 nm, whereas the 4MnNb steel required lower IA temperatures due to its higher Mn content. The transformation kinetics was found to be faster in 3MnNb steel, with a complete transformation time of 300 min, compared to approximately 600 min for the 4MnNb steel. Dilatometric analysis confirmed that the real austenite fractions were approximately 20% higher than the ones predicted by thermodynamic simulations, indicating potential limitations of the commercial software in accurate predicting the experimental conditions. The obtained results validate the proposed heat treatment strategy for achieving nanobainitic structures in medium-Mn steels.
The role of ecosystem services within safe and just operating space at the regional scale
Authors: Tao Qin , Tao Yu , Huang Conghong , Ou Weixin , Bryan Brett A. , Archibald Carla L.
Published: July 2024

Context

The Regional Safe and Just Operating Space (RSJOS), serving as a conceptual framework that supports environmental governance and policy formulation, has garnered growing recognition. However, the application of ecosystem services in the RSJOS framework still constitutes a knowledge gap in the realm of landscape sustainability science.

Objectives

Our objective was to discuss the role of ecosystem services within the Safe and Just Operating Space (SJOS) framework to promote regional sustainability.

Methods

We analyzed the relationship between ecosystem services and the SJOS framework, including their similarities in core concepts and research objectives, as well as how ecosystem services relate to environmental ceilings and social foundations. Based on these analyses, we discussed the potential and challenges of bridging safe space and just space using an ecosystem services approach.

Results

We found that ecosystem services have the potential to help understand the interaction between ecological ceilings and social foundations when assessing RSJOS, using ecosystem service flows to link “safe” and “just” boundaries. However, challenges in applying ecosystem services to assess RSJOS can limit the benefits of this framework.

Conclusions

The examination of RSJOS should extend beyond snapshots of the current regional state and encompass their inherent interconnections and impact mechanisms. This broader perspective can subsequently inform policy decisions. Ecosystem services play a pivotal role in addressing the challenges within the RSJOS framework.
Improving Neural Radiance Fields Using Near-Surface Sampling with Point Cloud Generation
Authors: Yoo Hye Bin , Han Hyun Min , Hwang Sung Soo , Chun Il Yong
Published: July 2024

Neural radiance field (NeRF) is an emerging view synthesis method that samples points in a three-dimensional (3D) space and estimates their existence and color probabilities. The disadvantage of NeRF is that it requires a long training time since it samples many 3D points. In addition, if one samples points from occluded regions or in the space where an object is unlikely to exist, the rendering quality of NeRF can be degraded. These issues can be solved by estimating the geometry of 3D scene. This paper proposes a near-surface sampling framework to improve the rendering quality of NeRF. To this end, the proposed method estimates the surface of a 3D object using depth images of the training set and performs sampling only near the estimated surface. To obtain depth information on a novel view, the paper proposes a 3D point cloud generation method and a simple refining method for projected depth from a point cloud. Experimental results show that the proposed near-surface sampling NeRF framework can significantly improve the rendering quality, compared to the original NeRF and three different state-of-the-art NeRF methods. In addition, one can significantly accelerate the training time of a NeRF model with the proposed near-surface sampling framework.
TRIPs-Py: Techniques for regularization of inverse problems in python
Authors: Pasha Mirjeta , Gazzola Silvia , Sanderford Connor , Ugwu Ugochukwu O.
Published: July 2024

In this paper we describe TRIPs-Py, a new Python package of linear discrete inverse problems solvers and test problems. The goal of the package is two-fold: 1) to provide tools for solving small and large-scale inverse problems, and 2) to introduce test problems arising from a wide range of applications. The solvers available in TRIPs-Py include direct regularization methods (such as truncated singular value decomposition and Tikhonov) and iterative regularization techniques (such as Krylov subspace methods and recent solvers for $$\ell _p$$

ℓ
p

-$$\ell _q$$

ℓ
q

formulations, which enforce sparse or edge-preserving solutions and handle different noise types). All our solvers have built-in strategies to define the regularization parameter(s). Some of the test problems in TRIPs-Py arise from simulated image deblurring and computerized tomography, while other test problems model real problems in dynamic computerized tomography. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the usage as well as the performance of the described methods on the provided test problems. To the best of our knowledge, TRIPs-Py is the first Python software package of this kind, which may serve both research and didactical purposes.
Connecting Local Economic Decline to the Politics of Geographic Discontent: The Missing Link of Perceptions
Authors: Green Jane , Jennings Will , McKay Lawrence , Stoker Gerry
Published: July 2024

Local economic decline has been presented as an explanation for populism, political alienation and geographic polarisation. This approach risks underestimating the complexity of observing local economic decline. Using original survey questions in the British Election Study, we theorise five models to explain who is likely to perceive local economic decline, and why. Using linked objective data, we analyse the relationship of perceptions to existing economic indicators, finding correspondence but also substantial and systematic variation driven by partisanship and heuristics, such as declining personal circumstances. These findings suggest that researchers should not equate objectively measured decline with homogeneous or direct effects of the local economy on vote choice, populist leanings, and localised discontent. There is value in establishing how voters reason about economic decline to both explain their choices and the way they are likely to respond to remedial policy measures.
Entrepreneurship and innovation in worker cooperatives and conventional firms: the role of external cooperation
Authors: Santos Francisco J. , Guzmán Carmen , Valiente Lidia
Published: July 2024

Through the comparison of conventional firms (CFs) with worker cooperatives (WCs), which are a type of collective enterprise with significant experience in cooperation, this research aims to analyse the influence of external cooperation on the two most prominent factors for the success of enterprises: entrepreneurship and innovation. To this end, a research model is proposed based on contributions from the stakeholders’ perspective of the resource-based view of the firm and tested with data from a survey conducted on WCs and CFs located in two Spanish regions with a long tradition in the cooperative movement. The results highlight that the influence of external cooperation on innovation performance is more relevant for WCs and demonstrate that these collective firms are not disadvantaged in innovation compared to CFs. Furthermore, the results suggest that WCs have a more remarkable ability to compete and cooperate simultaneously, that is, to coopete, due to their participative nature.
Magnetic Imbalance at Supergranular Scale: A Driving Mechanism for Coronal Hole Formation
Authors: Cantoresi M. , Berrilli F.
Published: July 2024

Unraveling the intricate interplay between the solar photosphere’s magnetic field and the dynamics of the upper solar atmosphere is paramount to understanding the organization of solar magnetic fields and their influence on space weather events. This study delves into the organization of photospheric magnetic fields particularly in the context of coronal holes (CHs), as they are believed to harbor the sources of fast solar wind. We employed the signed measure technique on synthetic images that depict various arrangements of magnetic fields, encompassing imbalances in the sign of the magnetic field (inward and outward) and spatial organization.

This study provides compelling evidence that the cancellation functions of simulated regions with imbalanced magnetic fields along the boundaries of supergranular cells align with cancellation function trends of observed photospheric magnetic regions associated with CHs. Thus the analysis serves as a significant proof that CHs arise from the formation of imbalanced magnetic patterns on the edges of supergranular cells.
Utilization of local agro-industrial by-products based substrates to enhance production and dietary value of mushroom (P. ostreatus) in Ethiopia
Authors: Desisa Buzayehu , Muleta Diriba , Dejene Tatek , Jida Mulissa , Goshu Abayneh , Negi Tadesse , Martin-Pinto Pablo
Published: July 2024

Food insecurity and malnutrition are serious problems in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. This situation warrants an urgent need for the diversification of food sources with enhanced productivity. This study was aimed at contributing to the food security in Ethiopia through cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms using sustainable and locally available agro-industrial byproduct-based substrates in parallel with pollution control. Ten substrates were prepared using sugarcane bagasse, filter cake, trash, cotton seed hull and animal waste, namely cow dung and horse and chicken manure. The effect of each substrate (treatment) on the yields, biological efficiency, nutritional composition, and mineral contents of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom species was evaluated at the Ethiopian Forest Products Innovation Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The results obtained indicate that a significantly higher (p < 0.05) yield and biological efficiency were recorded from the mushroom cultivated on S2 substrate containing a mixture of 80% sugarcane bagasse, 12% cow dung, and 8% cotton seed hull. Moreover, substrate containing sugarcane bagasse mixed with cotton seed hull, cow dung, and chicken manure significantly (p < 0.05) increased the yields and biological efficiency of the mushroom. The content of protein, crude fat, fiber, and carbohydrates of the mushroom cultivated from all the utilized substrates were in the range of 17.30–21.5, 1.77–2.52, 31.03–34.38, and 28.02–39.74%, respectively. The critical macro-elements are abundant in the mushroom in the order of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium. The mushrooms cultivated on all the substrates were rich in essential micro-elements in the order of iron and zinc. It was found that substrate preparation and formulation significantly (p < 0.05) improved the yields, biological efficiency, nutritive values, and mineral contents of the mushroom. The use of these by-products as substrates is sustainable and environmentally friendly and allows the production of mushroom with high nutritional value on a sustainable basis in order to enhance food security in the country.
Deployment and validation of a smart bed architecture for untethered patients with wireless biomonitoring stickers
Authors: Nunes Tânia , Gaspar Luís , Faria José N. , Portugal David , Lopes Telmo , Fernandes Pedro , Tavakoli Mahmoud
Published: July 2024

Conventional patient monitoring in healthcare has limitations such as delayed identification of deteriorating conditions, disruptions to patient routines, and discomfort due to extensive wiring for bed-bound patients. To address these, we have recently developed an innovative IoT-based healthcare system for real-time wireless patient monitoring. This system includes a flexible epidermal patch that collects vital signs using low power electronics and transmits the data to IoT nodes in hospital beds. The nodes connect to a smart gateway that aggregates the information and interfaces with the hospital information system (HIS), facilitating the exchange of electronic health records (EHR) and enhancing access to patient vital signs for healthcare professionals. Our study validates the proposed smart bed architecture in a clinical setting, assessing its ability to meet healthcare personnel needs, patient comfort, and data transmission reliability. Technical performance assessment involves analyzing key performance indicators for communication across various interfaces, including the wearable device and the smart box, and the link between the gateway and the HIS. Also, a comparative analysis is conducted on data from our architecture and traditional hospital equipment. Usability evaluation involves questionnaires completed by patients and healthcare professionals. Results demonstrate the robustness of the architecture proposed, exhibiting reliable and efficient information flow, while offering significant improvements in patient monitoring over conventional wired methods, including unrestricted mobility and improved comfort to enhance healthcare delivery.

Graphical abstract
Die Resilienz von Geflüchteten in Deutschland
Authors: Hajji Rahim , Stolle Paula
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund

Die Resilienz ist die Fähigkeit, herausfordernde Situationen zu überwinden, ohne dabei gesundheitlichen Schaden zu nehmen. Geflüchtete, die ihr Herkunftsland aufgrund von Bedrohung oder Verfolgung verlassen müssen, stehen vor unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen, die sie bewältigen müssen. Die Resilienz stellt dabei einen bedeutenden protektiven Faktor dar. Doch es fehlen statistische Analysen zur Resilienz der Geflüchteten in Deutschland. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie hoch das Resilienzniveau von Geflüchteten im Vergleich zur deutschen Bevölkerung (unter Berücksichtigung soziodemografischer Merkmale) ausgeprägt ist und inwiefern soziale Unterstützung, Assimilation und die Wahrnehmung der Aufnahmelandbedingungen mit Resilienz assoziiert sind.

Methoden

Die Fragen werden anhand der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten 2016 und unter Nutzung einer Bevölkerungsumfrage aus dem Jahr 2013 in Deutschland untersucht. Die Erhebung von Resilienz erfolgte mit der Brief Resilience Coping Scale (BRCS). Uni-, bi- und multivariate statistische Analysen sind zur Beantwortung der Fragen durchgeführt worden.

Ergebnisse

Die durchschnittliche Resilienz der Geflüchteten (n = 3776) liegt unter Berücksichtigung der Originalskala (4–20) bei 16,9 (SD = ±3,2). Die deutsche Bevölkerung (n = 2508) zeigt dagegen einen deutlich geringeren Resilienzmittelwert auf (14,7 [SD = ±3,2]). Die Geflüchteten weisen auch bei Kontrolle soziodemografischer Merkmale eine signifikant höhere Resilienz als die deutsche Bevölkerung auf. Reziprozität, Assimilation und die Wahrnehmung der Aufnahmelandbedingungen stehen statistisch signifikant in Zusammenhang mit Resilienz.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Verbesserung der Aufnahmelandbedingungen und die Förderung der individuellen Fähigkeiten der Geflüchteten, um sich im Aufnahmeland zu verständigen, zu orientieren und zu handeln, stärkt ihre Resilienz.
Secularisation and Kenosis in Gianni Vattimo’s Kehre
Authors: Bubbio Paolo Diego
Published: July 2024

The article delves into two closely intertwined notions that have increasingly taken centre stage in Gianni Vattimo’s thought since the mid-eighties: secularisation and kenosis. The significance of these themes in Vattimo’s late work is such that, it is argued, it amounts to an actual Kehre, or turn. However, akin to Heidegger, Vattimo’s Kehre is not a radical break but a shift in research and reflection towards themes that, although already present in his philosophy, have assumed more distinctly religious nuances and have progressively developed up to the point where they have formed an organic perspective. The article traces this development, commencing with the notion of secularisation to then explore its interweaving with themes of emancipation and the violence of metaphysics. It concludes with a reflection on the central role of kenosis and its significance in Vattimo’s thought.
Carbonate reservoir characterization and permeability modeling using Machine Learning ـــ a study from Ras Fanar field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Khalid Mostafa S. , Mansour Ahmed S. , Desouky Saad El-Din M. , Afify Walaa S. M. , Ahmed Sayed F. , Elnaggar Osama M.
Published: July 2024

Predicting facies and petrophysical properties along and between wells is challenging in carbonate reservoir modeling. In the Nullipore carbonate reservoir, Ras Fanar field, depositional and long-term diagenetic processes result in a high degree of heterogeneity and complex distribution of facies, which in turn affect the reservoir quality. This provides a significant obstacle to building accurate geological models. This study integrates thin sections, routine core analyses, and well logging data to overcome such difficulties and model the Nullipore carbonate facies and permeability. The detailed petrographic analysis revealed the existence of seven microfacies in the reservoir, which are summed up into three facies associations (FAs), each of which represents a specific reservoir rock type (RRT): (1) supratidal FA, (2) intertidal FA, and (3) shallow subtidal FA. The three FAs were correlated with the gamma-ray logs to create facies logs for the studied wells, which were further populated via the Truncated Gaussian Simulation method. Cross-validation was used to evaluate the model's accuracy. The analysis of the available core data infers that the three RRTs are prospective and have a wide permeability distribution. However, RRT3 constitutes the best reservoir quality. The sedimentological analysis revealed that the long-term diagenetic events, involving the dolomitization of limestone and the dissolution of allochems have a major role in improving the pore connectivity and permeability of the reservoir. Fracture characterization discloses that fractures play a significant role in fluid storage and migration. Three Machine Learning (ML) models, including Adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), were developed to integrate the RRTs, porosity, and permeability to improve permeability prediction. Statistical analysis revealed that the XGB model outperforms other models and exhibits the highest prediction performance. The present study provides further insights into the characterization and modeling of facies and permeability of complex carbonate reservoirs. It can be applied in similar geological settings to better interpretation of depositional and diagenetic controls on reservoir quality assessment and aid in the field development plan.
Influence of LVAD Cannula Outflow Graft Flow Rate and Location on Fluid-Particle Interactions and Thrombi Distribution: A Primary Numerical Study
Authors: Li Longyan , Shi Li , Tan Xiao , Zhao Yixia
Published: July 2024

A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) supports hemodynamics in heart failure patients. To deepen the understanding of hemodynamic changes and the movement of thrombi in the aorta, we examined three distinct LVAD blood flow rates across two implantation sites using the theory of computational fluid dynamics. Our findings revealed the complex dynamics of blood flow during cardiac systole under various scenarios. We also analyzed thrombi residence time and flow probabilities into aortic branches. Simulation results indicate that thrombi distribution in the aorta is significantly influenced by the location of the LVAD outflow graft and the flow rate. When the LVAD outflow graft is implanted into the ascending aorta, higher flow rates may reduce the risk of cerebral thrombosis. However, lower flow rates may reduce the risk of cerebral thrombosis while it is implanted into the descending aorta. The study may offer valuable insights into the LVAD implantation about the risk of cerebrovascular embolism.

Graphical Abstract
Exploring the Impact of Steam Explosion Pretreatment on the Binding Characteristics of Coal-Biomass Briquettes: A Study on Lignocellulose Type and Fibre Morphology
Authors: van der Westhuizen Lodewicus , Rorke Daneal C.S. , Görgens Johann F.
Published: July 2024

The urgency to shift from coal to renewable energy sources drives the need for innovative solutions. Steam exploded lignocellulose acting as both binder and fuel in coal-briquetting presents a pathway for this transition whilst utilizing waste coal-fines. However, the applicability of different industrially relevant feedstocks and their specific binding mechanism is unknown. In this study we assess the impact of treatment severity and explosion pressure on fibre properties and briquette tensile compressive strength (TCS) across four feedstocks (sugarcane bagasse (SCB), corn stover (CS), black wattle (BW), and pine). Lignocellulose was steam exploded at severities ranging from 3.53 to 4.71 and physical modifications due to explosion pressure was isolated by conducting explosive decompressions at pressures ranging from 3 to 22.5 bar. Briquettes, prepared using 18% by mass steam exploded lignocellulose as a binder, were quantified for TCS and results showed that as particle aspect ratio increased, so did TCS, regardless of lignocellulose type. For SCB, CS, and BW, high explosion pressure and low to moderate severity (3.5–3.8) produced the highest aspect ratios and, consequently, highest TCS (1288, 1181, 905 kPa respectively). However, at high severity and pressure, a reduction in aspect ratio was observed and, subsequently, TCS. Pine required high severity and pressure to produce barely acceptable briquette TCS (364 kPa), due to its low aspect ratio. Physical modification of fibre aspect ratio during steam explosion therefore played a crucial role in its binding performance in coal-briquettes and the relative success of SCB, CS and BW indicate that there are significant resources of lignocellulose available for this technology and allow for widespread industrial application.

Graphical Abstract
Ataxin-2: a powerful RNA-binding protein
Authors: Li Lulu , Wang Meng , Huang Lai , Zheng Xiaoli , Wang Lina , Miao Hongming
Published: July 2024

Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) was originally discovered in the context of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), but it has become a key player in various neurodegenerative diseases. This review delves into the multifaceted roles of ATXN2 in human diseases, revealing its diverse molecular and cellular pathways. The impact of ATXN2 on diseases extends beyond functional outcomes; it mainly interacts with various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate different stages of post-transcriptional gene expression in diseases. With the progress of research, ATXN2 has also been found to play an important role in the development of various cancers, including breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and esophageal cancer. This comprehensive exploration underscores the crucial role of ATXN2 in the pathogenesis of diseases and warrants further investigation by the scientific community. By reviewing the latest discoveries on the regulatory functions of ATXN2 in diseases, this article helps us understand the complex molecular mechanisms of a series of human diseases related to this intriguing protein.
Integrative analysis reveals the potential prognostic roles and immunological values of unc-5 netrin receptor A (UNC5A) in glioma
Authors: Qian Wenbo , Zhang Lei , Zhang Fenglin , Ye Jingliang , Wan Zhiping , Chen Huairui , Luo Chun
Published: July 2024

Background

UNC5A had been reported to play crucial roles in multiple cancers. However, little was known about the associations among UNC5A and glioma. Therefore, we first combined scRNA-seq, proteomics, as well as bulk RNA-seq in order to investigate UNC5A’s functions in gliomas.

Methods

Online databases provided scRNA-seq, proteomics, as well as bulk RNA-seq data on UNC5A in gliomas. The following procedures were conducted in order: QRT-PCR, Norman chart, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and univariate/multifactor Cox regression analyses. We further explored the associations among UNC5A and tumor immunity.

Results

By comparing gliomas with normal tissues, the TCGA dataset showed a significantly reduced expression of UNC5A, which was also confirmed by GSE50161, GSE4290, and QRT-PCR findings (p < 0.05). In both the TCGA and CGGA datasets, gliomas patients with low-UNC5A expression would have poorer overall survival (OS) prognoses (p < 0.05). ScRNA-seq analysis by the CancerSEA online website presented that UNC5A had a low expression in various glioma clusters and significantly associated with six functional states. Moreover, UNC5A might be a reliable independent biomarker of OS in gliomas patients (p < 0.05). Based on the results of GSEA, UNC5A might be connected to three significant pathways in gliomas. We also successfully created a Norman chart to assess the OS prognoses of these patients. Additionally, in aspects of tumor immunity, the infiltration levels of immune cells in LGG, the immune cell pathways, tumor immune microenvironment, as well as immune checkpoints in both LGG and GBM were revealed to be significantly influenced by UNC5A (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

UNC5A was found to have prognostic and immunological significance in gliomas, offering patients with gliomas new treatment options.
Degradation of a novel magnesium alloy-based bioresorbable coronary scaffold in a swine coronary artery model
Authors: Torii Sho , Yamamoto Akiko , Yoshikawa Ayako , Lu Linhai , Sasaki Makoto , Obuchi Shoko , Wada Akira , Tsukamoto Hideo , Nakazawa Gaku
Published: July 2024

The objective of the study is to investigate the safety, feasibility, and degradation profile of a novel Mg alloy-based bioresorbable coronary scaffold (JFK-PRODUCT BRS) with thin struts (110 μm). Polymer- or Mg alloy-based BRSs have not replaced nondegradable metal stents because of the higher prevalence of scaffold thrombosis and restenosis in clinical practice; these poor clinical outcomes were due to inadequate scaffold designs, including thick struts (more than 150 μm) and their inappropriate degradation processes. Fourteen healthy pigs received 17 JFK-PRODUCT BRSs in the coronary arteries and were sacrificed at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 26 months after implantation. Angiography, optical coherence tomography, microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDX), and histopathological evaluation were performed. The JFK-PRODUCT had a median percent late recoil of 11.28% at 1 month. The µCT observation confirmed that scaffold discontinuity reached 64.8% at 12 months with increased scaffold inner area thereafter, suggesting artery positive remodeling. The inflammation was mild, peaked at 18 months, and decreased thereafter. The SEM–EDX analysis demonstrated gradual degradation of the scaffold with formation of inorganic deposits, presumed to be calcium phosphates. It also revealed the disappearance of calcium phosphates at 26 months, achieving almost complete replacement of the scaffold by biocomponents. The current study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of JFK-PRODUCT with a lower acute recoil rate despite its thin struts. The scaffolds were almost completely disappeared at 26 months after implantation.

Graphical abstract
The effects of drought and salinity on KS and RAW managerial coefficients in the efficient water management in maize farms
Authors: Zargar Yaghoubi Faramarz , Sarai Tabrizi Mahdi , Mohammadi Torkashvand Ali , Esfandiari Mehrdad , Ramezani Etedali Hadi
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effects of drought and salinity on irrigation management coefficients in maize farms. A three-year field research was conducted in the form of a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design and three replications from 2020 to 2022 in a maize farm, in Aliabad Fashafoye, Qom province, Iran. The applied treatments included three levels of salinity (S0 = 1.8, S1 = 5.2, and S2 = 8.6 dS/m) and three levels of irrigation (W0 = 100%, W1 = 75%, and W2 = 50% of field capacity). Evapotranspiration stress coefficient (KS) due to W0S1 and W0S2 treatments was (0.975 and 0.934), (0.974 and 0.932), and (0.962 and 0.935) in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. According to the results, KS decreased by increasing the salinity level of irrigation water, so a 1-unit increase in salinity level above the tolerance threshold of the crop to salinity decreased KS by 0.78 and 1.76% for S1 and S2, respectively. Moreover, each percent of volumetric moisture decrease from field capacity decreased KS by 5.9 and 13.3% in W1 and W2, respectively. Also, with the increase in the intensity of the stresses, the readily available water (RAW) of treatments decreased. The sole application of salinity stress decreased the decreasing slope of RAW by 3.2%, while the application of both stresses resulted in the decreasing slopes of 4.9, 5.7, and 7.8% at the salinity levels of S0, S1, and S2, respectively, compared to the control. The findings of this study show that the accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration and RAW can help to improve the irrigation schedule, and the amount of irrigation water used is less than in non-stress conditions due to the reduction of total evapotranspiration and less water uptake in environmental stresses in maize farms.
Therapie des schmerzhaften Fußes mit ärztlicher Akupunktur
Authors: Schmid Oskar A.
Published: July 2024

Die Behandlung schmerzhafter Fußdeformitäten ist eine Herausforderung, insbesondere wenn Dysästhesien mit Funktionsverlust und Schmerzen einhergehen.

Bei Fußschmerzen müssen die Segmente L4, L5 und S1 sowohl lokal berücksichtigt werden als auch die Segmente C6 bis C8 in der oberen Extremität, die aufgrund segmentaler Verbindungen als zusätzliche Behandlungsbereiche der Akupunktur genutzt werden können.

Die segmentale und neurophysiologisch basierte Behandlung mit ärztlicher Akupunktur ist eine weitere wertvolle Komponente der konservativen medizinischen Therapie bei schmerzhaften Fußdeformitäten.
Investigating structural property of human hair by using infrared free electron lasers
Authors: Kawasaki Takayasu , Nagase Atsushi , Hayakawa Ken , Teshima Fumitsuna , Tanaka Kiyohisa , Zen Heishun , Irizawa Akinori , Sakai Takeshi , Hayakawa Yasushi
Published: July 2024

Intense infrared (IR) rays can heat matters and evaporate waters thermally. One of the possible applications will be hair dryer, although the irradiation effects of IR rays on the hair have not been fully explored. In this study, we first examined the interaction of IR rays at various wavelengths from 3.0 µm (near IR) to 90 µm (far IR) with the surface structure of human hair by using IR free electron lasers (FELs). IR-FEL is an accelerator-based pico-second pulse laser, and the feature is the wavelength-tunability with the high-photon density. When one thread of hair was irradiated by the FEL of 6–7 mJ energy at 60 µm, the cleavage occurred, and the morphological destruction was observed on scanning-electron microscopy images after the irradiations at 70 µm and 6.1 µm (amide I). Synchrotron-radiation infrared microspectroscopy showed that those FEL irradiations decreased a shoulder band at 1710 cm−1 that corresponds to carboxyl group in melanin or fatty acids and increased absorption intensity at 500–600 cm−1. On the contrary, the FEL at 90 µm little changed either the surface morphology or the infrared absorption spectra. Interestingly, near-IR FELs at 3.0–3.5 µm induced bending of a hair, and 2D mapping of protein secondary conformations revealed that β-sheet was more increased than the other conformations on the surface of the bending area even at low pulse energy (1–3 mJ). As a result, the structural damage of the hair was least at 90 µm, which implies an ideal wavelength for drying hair mildly.
Pupal diapause in Hypocosmia pyrochroma (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a biological control agent for Dolichandra unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Dhileepan Kunjithapatham
Published: July 2024

Cats claw creeper leaf-tying moth Hypocosmia pyrochroma (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) enter pupal diapause in the soil from middle of autumn (April), in response to declining photoperiod. Proportion of larvae entering pupal diapause increased with decreasing Daily Solar Radiation (DSR), and all larvae completing development in winter under low DSR entered pupal diapause. Under natural photoperiod, adults emerged from pupal diapause, from late spring (October) to middle of summer (January), with peak adult emergence in late spring (November) and early summer (December). Pupae did not undergo diapause when the entire development (eggs and all larval instars) occurred under prolonged photoperiod (14 L:10D). However, it was not possible to terminate the pupal diapause either by prolonging photoperiod or by increasing the temperate regimes. Based on larval incidence in the field it is proposed that H. pyrochroma is a bivoltine species with overlapping generations.
Prevalence of and factors associated with anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among Sudan ebolavirus disease survivors and family members, Uganda, January 2023: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Agaba Brian , Nelly Hellen Naiga , Wanyana Mercy Wendy , Zalwango Jane Frances , Simbwa Brenda , Akunzirwe Rebecca , Zavuga Robert , Kawungezi Peter Chris , Zalwango Marie Gorreti , Migamba Stella Martha , Kadobera Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Migisha Richard , Ario Alex Riolexus , Harris Julie R.
Published: July 2024

Background

Communities affected by Ebola disease (EBOD) may face resulting increases in mental health disorders. We evaluated the prevalence of and factors associated with mental health disorders among persons affected by the 2022 Sudan virus disease (SVD) outbreak in Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among SVD survivors and family members of survivors and fatal cases from 15–31 January 2023. We included only laboratory-confirmed SVD survivors and family members who lived with or cared for confirmed SVD patients during their illness. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to evaluate anxiety and depression. The post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition was used to evaluate PTSD. Modified Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with each mental health disorder.

Results

We enrolled 54 survivors and 82 family members; median age was 30 years (range, 15–73) and 54% were female. The prevalence of anxiety (55%) and depression (50%) was higher than PTSD (17%). The prevalence of all mental health disorders was similar between survivors and family members. Household size was associated with both anxiety and PTSD. Number of SVD deaths in the household was associated with depression.

Conclusion

Approximately two-thirds of SVD survivors and family members of patients in the 2022 outbreak in Uganda had ≥ 1 mental health disorders shortly after the outbreak ended. Strengthening mental health services during and after Ebola virus outbreaks for survivors and family members of patients may enhance the quality of outbreak response.
Life cycle assessment of manual toothbrush materials
Authors: Mazur Marta , Ruggeri Marco , Ottolenghi Livia , Scrascia Andrea , Gobbi Laura , Vinci Giuliana
Published: July 2024

Background

A manual toothbrush is an indispensable tool for promoting and maintaining oral health worldwide but given the non-biodegradable and non-recyclable thermoplastic materials from which it is made, it cannot be considered free of threats to the environment. Therefore, also in light of the World Dental Federation's goals to implement and initiate policies for sustainable dentistry, this study evaluates the sustainability of two materials most used for manual toothbrush bristles, namely nylon, and silicone.

Objectives

The objective is to investigate the optimal solution to reduce the environmental impact of toothbrushes, and how the environmental impact would change if only the brush head was changed instead of the entire toothbrush.

Methods

Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon Footprint were used. Four manual toothbrushes with nylon bristles, and a handle in polypropylene with/without silicone parts (N1, N2, N3, N4) and two manual toothbrushes, with silicone bristles, but one with polypropylene handle only (Si1), the other with polypropylene handle and silicone parts (Si2) were evaluated.

Results

A toothbrush with silicone bristles is more sustainable than one with nylon bristles in all 18 impact categories, with average values of − 14%. In addition, eliminating only the brush head instead of the entire toothbrush could result in savings of 4.69 × 10‒3 kg CO2 eq per toothbrush. Therefore, based on the results of this study and to meet Dentistry's need to reduce its environmental impact, the ideal toothbrush should be lightweight, with less superfluous material, and with less impactful materials such as silicone instead of nylon.

Conclusions

The concluding indications for improving the sustainability of toothbrushes are therefore: (i) eliminate the amount of superfluous material; (ii) develop lighter models; and (iii) develop models in which only the brush head is replaced rather than the entire toothbrush.