bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Silver Amides as Effective Catalysts for Enantioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Yamashita Yasuhiro , Imaizumi Takaki , Guo Xun‐Xiang , Kobayashi Shu
Published: November 2011

A highly exo‐selective asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of α‐amino ester and α‐amino phosphonate Schiff bases with several activated olefins is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Cyclopropane Hemimalonates Using Internal Broensted Acid Activation.
Authors: Emmett Michael R. , Kerr Michael
Published: November 2011

The reaction of the parent cyclopropane and that of alkylsubstituted analogues fails and the substrate bearing a vinyl group undergoes substantial polymerization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Fluorinated Pyrazoles via Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Aminofluorination of Alkynes in the Presence of Selectfluor.
Authors: Qian Jianqiang , Liu Yunkui , Zhu Jie , Jiang Bo , Xu Zhenyuan
Published: November 2011

Fluorinated pyrazoles, interesting building blocks for pharmaceuticals and pesticides, are produced in a simple one‐pot reaction at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles Using Silica‐Bonded Propylpiperazine N‐Sulfamic Acid as a Recyclable Solid Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Niknam Khodabakhsh , Deris Abdollah , Naeimi Fatemeh , Majleci Fatemeh
Published: November 2011

SBA is easily prepared from cheap starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Triazoles Using Bis[(L)prolinato‐N,O]Zn Complex as an Efficient Catalyst in Water as a Sole Solvent.
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Jain Arti
Published: November 2011

The new method is applicable to aryl and alkyl acetylenes and various aryl, alkyl, and allyl halides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Atom Economical One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Densely Functionalized 4H‐Chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Boominathan Muthusamy , Nagaraj Muthupandi , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Krishnakumar Rajaputi Venkatraman
Published: November 2011

Amine‐mediated three‐component reaction of 1,3‐diketones with acetylenedicarboxylate (II) and malononitrile or cyanoacetate under neat conditions provides a novel atom‐efficient access towards chromenes (IV) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]chromenes via a Three‐Component Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes, Malononitrile, and 3‐Hydroxycoumarin Catalyzed by Nano‐Structured ZnO in Water: A Green Protocol.
Authors: Paul Sanjay , Bhattacharyya Pranabes , Das Asish R.
Published: November 2011

A convenient and cost‐effective method is developed for the preparation of biologically interesting title heterocycles in the presence of reusable nano‐ZnO with comparable yields even on large scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Assisted Assembly of (E)‐Arylvinylpyridine Hydrochlorides: Effective Substrates for Solid‐State [2 + 2] Photodimerization.
Authors: Yamada Shinji , Nojiri Yuka
Published: November 2011

A high‐yielding and stereoselective head‐to‐tail photodimerization of hydrous arylvinylpyridine hydrochlorides (I) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Hantzsch Reaction on Free Nano‐Fe2O3 Catalyst: Excellent Reactivity Combined with Facile Catalyst Recovery and Recyclability.
Authors: Koukabi Nadiya , Kolvari Eskandar , Khazaei Ardeshir , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Shirmardi‐Shaghasemi Behzad , Khavasi Hamid Reza
Published: November 2011

The magnetic nanoparticle catalyst can easily be recovered from the reaction mixture with an external magnet and can be reused without decrease of the catalytic performance.
ChemInform Abstract: A Grinding‐Induced Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1,4‐Dihydropyridines via a Domino Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Kumar Atul , Sharma Siddharth
Published: November 2011

Compounds (V) are purified by recrystallization from ethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening/C—N Cyclization of Activated Aziridines with Carbon Nucleophiles: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Ghorai Manas K. , Nanaji Y. , Yadav A. K.
Published: November 2011

The ring opening/cyclization proceeds as a two‐step reaction with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 1‐Vinyltetrahydroisoquinolines via Pd‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Allylic Amination Reactions.
Authors: Chien Chih‐Wei , Shi Ce , Lin Chi‐Feng , Ojima Iwao
Published: November 2011

Isoquinolines (II) and (IV) are prepared under optimized conditions with a view to high enantioselectivities and elimination of side product formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Sequential C—C and C—N Bond Formations for the Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles: Exploiting Protecting Group‐Directed C—H Activation under Modified Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Kim Byung Seok , Lee Sun Young , Youn So Won
Published: November 2011

A variety of N‐tosyl 2‐aminobiphenyls undergoes olefination—conjugate addition reaction with activated olefins using K2S2O8 as oxidant in acidic media to give dihydrophenanthridines.
ChemInform Abstract: CuCl2‐Promoted 6‐endo‐dig Chlorocyclization and Oxidative Aromatization Cascade: Efficient Construction of 1‐Azaanthraquinones from N‐Propargylaminoquinones.
Authors: Fei Na , Yin Hao , Wang Shaozhong , Wang Huaqin , Yao Zhu‐Jun
Published: November 2011

Tetra‐ and pentacyclic derivatives (IV) and (XII) provide building blocks of acridine alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Condensation‐Michael Reaction‐Pictet—Spengler Cyclization — Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Indoloquinolizidines.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Volla Chandra M. R.
Published: November 2011

Under catalysis of diphenylphosphate, tryptamine undergoes a two‐step one‐pot reaction with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to give the title compounds bearing two chiral centers as almost single diastereomers (< 95% d.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Di(hetero)aryl Sulfides by Directly Using Arylsulfonyl Chlorides as a Sulfur Source.
Authors: Wu Qian , Zhao Dongbing , Qin Xurong , Lan Jingbo , You Jingsong
Published: November 2011

Arylsulfonyl chlorides, which are inexpensive and readily available, serve as an alternative sulfur source in a novel sulfenylation of electron‐rich (hetero)arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Auxiliary‐Controlled Asymmetric [3 + 2]‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides Generated from Au‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Redox Reaction of Nitronyl Alkynes.
Authors: Jeong Jaewon , Yeom Hyun‐Suk , Kwon Ohyun , Shin Seunghoon
Published: November 2011

The (S)‐α‐methyl‐p‐nitrobenzyl moiety is found to be a removable auxiliary for the title intramolecular reaction by controlling the C—N rotation and thus providing a wide variety of azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of {[(1H‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy]phenyl}‐1H‐pyrazolo [1,2‐b]phthalazine‐5,10‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Torkian Laleh , Dabiri Minoo , Salehi Peyman , Bararjanian Morteza
Published: November 2011

The four component reaction of phthalohydrazide (I) with azides, CH acids and a propargyloxyaldehyde proceeds with formation of one C—C and four C—N bonds in a highly selective manner to give title pyrazolophthalazinediones (V) and (IX) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of 2‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐6‐(9,9′‐spirobifluoren‐2‐yl)pyrimidines.
Authors: Shi Yingbo , Liu Qiancai , Tang Jie
Published: November 2011

5 Title compounds of type (VII) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkyne‐Tethered Dihydropyrimidones.
Authors: Brown Lauren E. , Dai Peng , Porco John A. Jr. , Schaus Scott E.
Published: November 2011

A wide scope of N1‐propargylated dihydropyrimidone precursors is prepared via a modified Mitsunobu reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Pyridoquinazolones.
Authors: Chen Lujun , Fu Hua , Qiao Renzhong
Published: November 2011

The use of inexpensive CuI in the absence of any ligand or additive allows the synthesis of the title compounds with tolerance of various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Halocyclization of 2‐(2‐{4‐[Allylamino(thioxo)methyl]piperazin‐1‐yl}ethyl)‐1H‐benzo [de]isoquinoline‐1,3(2H)‐dione.
Authors: Zborovskii Yu. L. , Orysyk V. V. , Staninets V. I. , Bon V. V.
Published: November 2011

Cyclization of piperazine derivative (III), which contains a fragment intrinsic to antitumor drugs by the action of bromine, iodine, or sulfuryl chloride affords the corresponding hydrohalides.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Dibenzylamide, a Simple, Selective and Highly Efficient Catalyst for Isocyanate Cyclotrimerization to Isocyanurate.
Authors: Shi Jingchao , Guo Zhiqiang , Wei Xuehong , Liu Diansheng , Lappert Michael F.
Published: November 2011

The reaction of aromatic isocyanates is efficiently catalyzed by lithium dibenzylamide, which can be recycled 6 times with only small loss of yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynyl Hydrogen Phosphates
Authors: Chary Bathoju Chandra , Low Wee Suan , Kim Sunggak , Kim Hyunseok , Lee Phil Ho
Published: November 2011

Structurally interesting cyclic vinyl phosphates are formed by the title reaction via 6‐endo‐dig, 6‐exo‐dig, or 7‐exo‐dig ring closure, depending on the number of C atoms between the alkyne moiety and the phosphate group of the starting alkynyl phosphates.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Method for the Synthesis of Novel Ferrocene —Triamide Conjugates via Pseudo Five‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Teimouri Mohammad Bagher , Akbari‐Moghaddam Peyman
Published: November 2011

Knoevenagel condensation of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (I) with Meldrum′s acid (II), followed by cycloaddition with isocyanides (III) and aminolysis affords a diversity of ferrocenyltricarboxamides (V) under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium Mediated Allylation in Peptide and Protein Functionalization.
Authors: Alam Jenefer , Keller Thomas H. , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: November 2011

An indium‐mediated allylation of N‐terminal aldehydic sites of peptides and proteins is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Accessing the Disallowed Conformations of Peptides Employing Amide‐to‐Imidate Modification.
Authors: Reddy Damodara N. , Thirupathi Ravula , Prabhakaran Erode N.
Published: November 2011

The compounds (I)‐(IV), which have a modified C‐terminus, show a naturally disallowed conformation in the C‐terminal residue.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Heteroatom Substitution of Sulfur for Selenium in Glucosidase Inhibitors on Intestinal α‐Glucosidase Activities.
Authors: Eskandari Razieh , Jones Kyra , Rose David R. , Pinto B. Mario
Published: November 2011

Selenium‐containing analogues of naturally occurring ponkoranol derivatives are synthesized and evaluated as glucosidase inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Odorless Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Thio‐ and Selenoglycosides in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Sau Abhijit , Misra Anup Kumar
Published: November 2011

A convenient protocol is developed for the reaction of various glycosyl acetates with, generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalysis by Inorganic Solid Materials: Revisiting Its Definition, Concepts, and Experimental Procedures
Authors: Ohtani B.
Published: November 2011

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis and Radiolysis of Water Ice
Authors: Johnson Robert E.
Published: November 2011

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Divacant Polyoxotungstates: Reactivity of the Gamma‐Decatungstates [γ‐XW10O36]8‐ (X: Si, Ge)
Authors: Bassil Bassem S. , Kortz Ulrich
Published: November 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiferroic Double Perovskites: Opportunities, Issues, and Challenges
Authors: Singh M. P. , Truong K. D. , Jandl S. , Fournier P.
Published: November 2011

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Complexes of Small Cyano Anions
Authors: Turner David R. , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Murray Keith S. , Deacon Glen B. , Batten Stuart R.
Published: November 2011

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synergistic Approach to Polycyclics via a Strategic Utilization of Claisen Rearrangement and Olefin Methathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Krishna Nimita G. , Halder Somnath , Misra Shilpi
Published: November 2011

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Dehydrogenative Cross‐Couplings of Heteroarenes
Authors: Bugaut Xavier , Glorius Frank
Published: November 2011

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tosylhydrazones: New Uses for Classic Reagents in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling and Metal‐Free Reactions
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Valdes Carlos
Published: November 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deciding Whether to Go with the Flow: Evaluating the Merits of Flow Reactors for Synthesis
Authors: Hartman Ryan L. , McMullen Jonathan P. , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: November 2011

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Organoboronic Acids
Authors: Pilarski Lukasz T. , Szabo Kalman J.
Published: November 2011

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bicyclic Conformationally Restricted Diamines
Authors: Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Radchenko Dmytro S. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Komarov Igor V.
Published: November 2011

Review: 327 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolysis of Polymers as a Petrochemical Feedstock Recovery Route
Authors: Al‐Salem S. M. , Lettieri P.
Published: November 2011

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Trends in the Synthesis of Central Core of HIV Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Bhattacharya Apurba , Bandichhor Rakeshwar , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya
Published: November 2011

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Application of Selectfluor F‐TEDA‐BF4 as a Versatile Mediator or Catalyst in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Stavber Stojan
Published: November 2011

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: BINOL
Authors: Shibasaki Masakatsu , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: November 2011

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bisoxazoline Ligands
Authors: Stanley Levi M. , Sibi Mukund P.
Published: November 2011

Review: 243 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Spiro Ligands
Authors: Zhu Shou‐Fei , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: November 2011

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rα‐Reductase Inhibitors‐ — The Finasteride Story
Authors: Williams J. Michael
Published: November 2011

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CCR5 Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Yasuda Nobuyoshi
Published: November 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction Arising from Enantiomerically Enriched Carbon‐13 Isotopomers and Highly Sensitive Chiral Discrimination by Asymmetric Autocatalysis
Authors: Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Soai Kenso
Published: November 2011

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cucurbit[n]uril Based Supramolecular Assemblies: Tunable Physicochemical Properties and Their Prospects
Authors: Bhasikuttan Achikanath C. , Pal Haridas , Mohanty Jyotirmayee
Published: November 2011

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoxazole Functionalization Technologies Enable Construction of Tetracycline Derivatives
Authors: Heasley Brian
Published: November 2011

Review: 24 refs
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Highly Active and Robust Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts: Recent Developments in Catalyst Design
Authors: Jyothish Kuthanapillil , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Manzamine Alkaloids
Authors: Duval Romain , Poupon Erwan
Published: November 2011

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biology of Aurora A Kinase: Implications in Cancer Manifestation and Therapy
Authors: Karthigeyan Dhanasekaran , Prasad Sallekoppal B. Benaka , Shandilya Jayasha , Agrawal Shipra , Kundu Tapas K.
Published: November 2011

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpenoids of Terrestrial Origin
Authors: Hanson James R.
Published: November 2011

Review: 341 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipin 1 in Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Ishimoto Kenji
Published: November 2011

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Noncovalent Water‐Based Materials: Robust yet Adaptive
Authors: Krieg Elisha , Rybtchinski Boris
Published: November 2011

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophobic Surface Engineering for the Construction of Discrete Aggregates
Authors: Hiraoka Shuichi
Published: November 2011

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoreactive Molecular Incorporated within Dendritic Architecture
Authors: Takaguchi Yutaka , Tajimi Tomoyuki
Published: November 2011

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel Fluorescence‐Derivatization‐HPLC Methods Enabling Highly Sensitive and Selective Analysis of Biological Compounds
Authors: Todoroki Kenichiro
Published: November 2011

Review: 10 refs.
Structural and catalytic properties of Cu2S microrods grown on a three‐dimensional substrate
Authors: Li Zhen , Chen Weihua , Ji Shuying , Mi Liwei , Hou Hongwei , Zheng Zhi
Published: November 2011

We present a facile solution‐phase method for the synthesis of Cu2S microcrystals with rod‐like morphologies by the reaction of sulfur with three‐dimensional substrate copper foam in a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol and deionized water. The lengths of Cu2S microrods are between 80 and 150 μm and the diameter is among 3 to 8 μm. Monodisperse Cu2S microrods self‐assemble into echinus structure. The samples were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was further used to testifiy the purity of Cu2S. Catalysis performance proved that the obtained Cu2S materials possess superior catalytic efficiency on methylene blue with the assistance of H2O2. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A controllable ionic liquid‐assisted hydrothermal route to prepare CoCO3 crystals and their conversion to porous Co3O4
Authors: Li Haobo , Duan Xiaochuan , Ma Jianmin , Zheng Wenjun
Published: November 2011

In this work, we have synthesized CoCO3 microaggregation, microcubes and nanoplates by an ionic liquid‐assisted hydrothermal method. The morphologies of the CoCO3 crystals depend on the concentration of the ionic liquid and the reaction temperature. Moreover, the as‐prepared CoCO3 crystals can serve as a useful precursor to obtain porous Co3O4 particles with similar morphology by means of calcinations. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Circulating microRNAs as long‐term biomarkers for the detection of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent abuse
Authors: Leuenberger Nicolas , Jan Nicolas , Pradervand Sylvain , Robinson Neil , Saugy Martial
Published: November 2011

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non‐protein coding transcripts involved in many cellular and physiological mechanisms. Recently, a new class of miRNA called ‘circulating miRNAs’ was found in cell‐free body fluids such as plasma and urine. Circulating miRNAs have been shown to be very stable, specific, and sensitive biomarkers.

In this paper, we investigate whether circulating miRNAs can serve as biomarkers for erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent abuse. To this end, we analyzed miRNA levels in plasma by miRNA microarrays and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plasma samples are derived from a clinical study with healthy subjects injected with erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (C.E.R.A.).

Based on microarray results, we observed a significant difference in the levels of miRNAs in plasma after C.E.R.A. injection. We demonstrated that a specific miRNA, miR‐144, exhibit a high increase that lasts 27 days after C.E.R.A. stimulation. Considering the fact that miR‐144 is an essential erythropoiesis agent in different organisms, these findings suggest the possibility of using miR‐144 as a sensitive and informative biomarker to detect C.E.R.A. abuse. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population decrease of Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) under climate warming
Authors: Shi Peijian , Zhong Ling , Sandhu Hardev S. , Ge Feng , Xu Xiaoming , Chen Wei
Published: November 2011

Scirpophaga incertulas Walker is an important agricultural pest in Asia. Only few studies are available on its long‐term population dynamics under climate warming. In this study, we used the linear and generalized additive models (GAMs) to analyze the historical dataset of >50 years on this pest at Xinfeng County of Jiangxi Province, China. The main objective of this study was to explore the effects of density (delayed) dependence and minimum annual temperature (MAT), which indirectly reflects climate warming, on the population dynamics of this pest. We found that both density dependence and MAT have significant influence on the annual population growth rate. The GAMs had relatively better applicability to the dataset than the linear models. Nonparametric model provided satisfactory goodness‐of‐fit (R
2 > 0.5). At Xinfeng County, the MAT had a significant effect on the annual population growth rate of S. incertulas. The annual population growth rate of S. incertulas decreased with increase in MAT. Therefore, S. incertulas population becomes smaller and smaller in Southern China due to climate warming. The current study has two contributions: (1) providing a suitable method for predicting the annual population growth rate of S. incertulas, and (2) demonstrating that climate warming could decrease the S. incertulas population.
A study of AC link and DC link method for wind power generation connected to electric power system
Authors: Yukita Kazuto , Washizu Shinsuke , Nakano Hiroyuki , Torii Akihiro , Ueda Akiteru , Goto Yasuyuki , Ichiyanagi Katsuhiro
Published: November 2011

In this paper, grid‐connection of wind power generators was evaluated from the viewpoint of frequency fluctuation. Wind power generation is a power generation method that depends on natural energy, and there is some concern that it may exert a negative influence on electric power quality. As a result, it is necessary to maintain high electric power quality when wind power generation is connected to the grid. The AC link method, the AC‐DC link method, and the DC link method are alternatives for grid connection of wind power generators. The model system was constructed with the use of a synchronous generator and an induction generator as wind power generator, and verification experiments were performed. Verification experiments using the various grid‐connection methods for each generator were conducted. The steadiest frequency characteristic was obtained in the DC link method. In particular, the stability level was highest in the wind power generation system using the DC link method with a wound‐rotor induction generator. Generally, induction generators are grid‐connected by the AC link method. Therefore, grid‐connection of induction generators by the DC link method appears effective from the viewpoint of frequency fluctuation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(3): 21–30, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21196
Input power factor control of three‐phase to three‐phase matrix converters
Authors: Ishikawa Shuta , Takeshita Takaharu
Published: November 2011

This paper presents input power factor control of three‐phase to three‐phase matrix converters. The authors propose three kinds of switching patterns for the matrix converters that can realize an arbitrary input‐power‐factor angle between 0 and 2π and reduce the number of commutations in all three phases to four during the control period. Also, the control range of the output voltage reference in the proposed control scheme is derived. The improvement of the input power factor by using the proposed control algorithm has been verified by experiments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(3): 42–52, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21199
Preparation and Biological Evaluation of Di‐Hetero‐Organometallic‐Containing PNA Bioconjugates
Authors: Gasser Gilles , Neumann Sebastian , Ott Ingo , Seitz Michael , Heumann Rolf , Metzler‐Nolte Nils
Published: November 2011

Two peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers containing two different organometallic moieties, namely derivatives of azidoferrocene (Fc‐N3) and ferrocene carboxylic acid (Fc‐COOH) for PNA5 and derivatives of β‐cymantrenoylpropionic acid [Cym‐CO(CH2)2COOH] and the rhenium bisquinoline tricarbonyl complex [Re(BQ‐N3)(CO)3]Br for PNA6, have been prepared on a solid support by using two different synthetic methods: Peptide coupling and click chemistry. PNA5 and PNA6 were unambiguously characterized by ESI‐MS or MALDI‐TOF MS and their purity checked by LC–MS. As expected, the bioconjugate PNA6 presents two broad and strong absorption bands at 1933 and 2032 cm–1 in its IR spectrum due to the presence of six metal–carbonyl bonds. It has also been demonstrated that the presence of the Mn complex in PNA6 did not significantly alter the fluorescence properties of the Re complex in aqueous solution compared with a previously reported Re–PNA bioconjugate (PNA7). Photoexcitation of PNA6 at 350 nm reveals two distinct emission bands at about 434 and 595 nm in aqueous solutions. PNA6 was successfully electroporated into HeLa cells, as shown by high‐resolution continuum‐source atomic absorption spectroscopy, which was used to measure the concentrations of both Re and Mn. However, no fluorescence of the Re complex in PNA6 was observed in living cells, even at a concentration 20 times higher than that previously reported for PNA7.
Thermal and Photochemical Reactions of Azidoruthenium(III) Complexes of Macrocyclic Tertiary Amines and the Structure of the (Phosphoraniminato)ruthenium(III) Complex trans‐[Ru(14‐TMC)(N3)(NPPh3)]+
Authors: Ho Chi‐Ming , Leung Hiu‐Chi , Wu Shuixing , Low Kam‐Hung , Lin Zhenyang , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: November 2011

The bis(azido)ruthenium(III) complexes, trans‐[Ru(L)(N3)2]+ [L = 14‐TMC (1) and 16‐TMC (4)] have been prepared. These complexes undergo facile thermal or photo‐decomposition in RCN (R = Me, Bu, Ph, 4‐MePh, 2‐MeOPh) solutions to produce the corresponding azidoruthenium(II) complexes trans‐[Ru(L)(N3)(RCN)]+ [L = 14‐TMC, R = Me (2a), Bu (2b), Ph (2c), 4‐MePh (2d), 2‐MeOPh (2e); L = 16‐TMC, R = Me (5a), = Ph (5b)] and cis‐[Ru(Tet‐Me6)(N3)(MeCN)]+ (6). Complex 1 reacted with PPh3, by a nitrogen atom transfer reaction, to give trans‐[Ru(14‐TMC)(N3)(NPPh3)]+ (3) in 80 % yield. The crystal structures of 2e(PF6), 3(PF6) and 5b(ClO4) have been determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Complex 3 is the first structurally characterized (phosphoraniminato)ruthenium(III) complex with Ru–N distances of 1.991(7)–2.014(6) Å and a nearly linear Ru–N–P moiety [[ang]Ru–N–P = 168.2(5)–171.5(6)°]. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on 3 and the proposed [RuV(14‐TMC)(N)(N3)]+ intermediate have been performed.
A Zinc Phosphate Structure with Unusual Double‐Sheet Layers Templated by a Cobalt Hexaammine Complex
Authors: Han Yide , Li Yi , Yu Jihong , Pan Qinhe , Xu Ruren
Published: November 2011

A new layered zinc phosphate, [Co(NH3)6]3[Zn8(HPO4)8(PO4)2](PO4) (ZnPO‐CJ68), has been successfully prepared by using cobalt hexaammine as a template. Single‐crystal structure analysis revealed that the structure of ZnPO‐CJ68 contains double‐sheet layers constructed by strict alternation of Zn‐ and P‐centered tetrahedra. The host framework of the double‐sheet layer features unusual 3D microporosity with 8‐ring apertures along three directions. The guest Co(NH3)63+ cations are located not only between but also within the host layers. The shape of the guest Co(NH3)63+ cation perfectly matches that of the void within the layered host framework. ZnPO‐CJ68 was further characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy.
An Iron(III) Dithiolene Complex as a Functional Model of Iron Hydrogenase
Authors: Begum Ameerunisha , Sarkar Sabyasachi
Published: November 2011

The iron(III) dithiolene complex [PPh4]2[Fe(mnt)2(SPh)] (1, mnt = maleonitrile dithiolate) has a highly distorted square‐pyramidal geometry and an intermediate spin ferric ion (SFe = 3/2), and catalyzes electrochemical H2 evolution at the lowest achievable reduction potential known for iron‐containing electrocatalytic systems to date: Ep = –0.309 V in CH3CN and Ep = –0.53 V in water vs. Ag/AgCl using a modified glassy carbon working electrode. Control experiments suggest that the electrochemical H2 evolution at low potential is promoted by metal‐assisted protonation at the S donors of the thiophenolato and mnt ligands, which liberate H2 gas upon electrochemical reduction.
Organic‐Inorganic Molecular Nano‐Sensors: A Bis‐Dansylated Tweezer‐Like Fluoroionophore Integrating a Polyoxometalate Core
Authors: Carraro Mauro , Modugno Gloria , Fiorani Giulia , Maccato Chiara , Sartorel Andrea , Bonchio Marcella
Published: November 2011

Functionalization of the bis‐lacunary Keggin polyoxotungstate [γ‐SiW10O36]8– has been achieved with a two‐step synthesis, by the covalent attachment of a 3‐aminopropylsilane spacer and further linkage of the dansyl (5‐dimethylamino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonyl‐) residue. The resulting bis‐decorated molecular hybrid [{{(CH3)2N}C10H6SO2NH(CH2)3Si}2O(γ‐SiW10O36)]4– has been isolated and characterized in solution and in the solid state by FTIR, multinuclear NMR, ESI‐MS, UV/Vis, luminescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The inorganic polyoxometalate provides a molecular nano‐surface where the dansyl fluorophores are anchored with a tweezer‐type arrangement. The merging of the organic and inorganic domains of the bis‐dansylated complex dictates its fluorescence features, which are observed in the range 375–600 nm, its amphiphilic properties, and the multi‐site recognition/signaling of cationic analytes due to the complementary effect of the tungsten oxide polyanionic surface. Indeed, the interplay of the appended sulfonamide moieties and of the molecular metal oxide fosters an enhanced selectivity for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ion sensing, even in the presence of potentially interfering cations such as Co2+. These latter are preferentially captured by the inorganic platform. By virtue of its hybrid nature, the title fluoroionophore evolves to supramolecular architectures and extended systems in mixed organic solvent/aqueous environment, yielding spherical vesicles and macroporous thin films. Flat polymeric membranes incorporating the hybrid fluorophore can also be obtained, suggesting the generation of heterogeneous sensing devices that integrate both filtration and separation functionalities.
Cyclodextrin Host‐Guest Recognition Approach for Simultaneous Quantification and Voltammetric Studies of Levodopa and Carbidopa in Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Abbaspour Abdolkarim , Dehghani Elham , Noori Abolhassan
Published: November 2011

An electrochemical sensor for simultaneous quantification of Levodopa (L‐dopa) and Carbidopa (C‐dopa) using a β‐cyclodextrin/poly(N‐acetylaniline) (β‐CD/PNAANI) modified carbon paste electrode has been developed. Preconcentrating effect of β‐CD as well as its different inclusion complex stability with L‐dopa and C‐dopa was used to construct an electrochemical sensor for quantification of these important analytes. The overlapping anodic peaks of L‐dopa and C‐dopa at 810 mV on bare carbon paste electrode resolved in two well‐defined voltammetric peaks at 450 and 880 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively, with a drastic enhancement of the anodic peak currents. Under optimized conditions, linear calibration curves were obtained in the ranges of 0.5–117 µM and 1.6–210 µM with detection limits down to 0.2 and 0.8 µM for L‐dopa and C‐dopa, respectively. The proposed electrode was successfully applied for the determination of L‐dopa /C‐dopa in pharmaceutical formulations and the results were in close agreement with the labeled values.
Electroanalytical Studies on Cobalt(II) Ion‐Selective Sensor of Polymeric Membrane Electrode and Coated Graphite Electrode Based on N2O2 Salen Ligands
Authors: Bandi Koteswara Rao , Singh Ashok Kumar , Kamaluddin  , Jain A. K. , Gupta V. K.
Published: November 2011

Poly(vinyl chloride)‐based membranes of salen ligands, 2‐((E)‐((1R,2S)‐2‐((E)‐5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylideneamino)cyclohexylimino)methyl)‐4‐tert‐butyl phenol (S1) and 2‐((E)‐((1R,2S)‐2‐((E)‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylideneamino)cyclohexylimino)methyl)‐4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (S2) were fabricated and explored as cobalt(II) selective electrodes. The performance of the polymeric membrane electrode (PME) and coated graphite electrode (CGE) were compared and it was observed that CGE showed a wide working concentration range of 1.1×10−8 to 1.0×10−1 mol L−1 with a limit of detection of 7.0×10−9 mol L−1 exhibiting the Nernstian slope 29.6 mV/decade of activity in the pH range 3.0–9.0. It was used for the determination of cobalt(II) ions in water, soil, beer, pharmaceutical samples and medicinal plants and would be used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration with EDTA.
The effect of miR‐7 on behavior and global protein expression in glioma cell lines
Authors: Lu Ze Jun , Liu Sheng Yong , Yao Yu Qin , Zhou Yong Jun , Zhang Shuang , Dai Lei , Tian Hong Wei , Zhou Yan , Deng Hong Xin , Yang Jin Liang , Luo Feng
Published: November 2011

Malignant glioma is a common cancer of the nervous system. Despite recent research efforts in cancer therapy, the prognosis of patients with malignant glioma has remained dismal. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs that inhibit the expression of their targets in a sequence‐specific manner, and a few have been shown to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Here, we aimed at exploring the precise biological role of microRNA‐7 (miR‐7) and the global protein changes in glioma cell lines transiently transfected with miR‐7. Transfection of miR‐7 into glioma cell lines causes inhibition of cell migration and invasion and suppression of tumorigenesis. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR‐7 inhibits lung metastases of glioma in vivo. Among 65 protein spots with differential expression separated by 2‐DE, 37 proteins were successfully identified by MS/MS analysis. Of those, the 25 downregulated proteins, which include 14‐3‐3ζ, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A), and annexin A4, may be downstream targets of miR‐7, a finding that could elucidate some aspects of the behavior of glioma cells at the protein level. In conclusion, the absence of miR‐7 function could cause downstream molecules to switch on or off, resulting in glioma development, invasion, and metastases. MiR‐7‐based gene treatment may be a novel anti‐invasion therapeutic strategy for malignant glioma.
Spatial functional prediction from spatial autoregressive Hilbertian processes
Authors: Ruiz‐Medina M. D.
Published: November 2011

The class of spatial autoregressive Hilbertian models (SARH(1) processes) is considered. The projection estimation methodology proposed here is based on the biorthogonal eigenfunction bases diagonalizing the infinite‐dimensional parameters involved in the SARH(1) state equation. These bases remove the ill‐posed nature of the functional equation system defining the moment‐based estimators of such parameters. The performance of the proposed projection estimation methodology, in the SARH(1) context, is illustrated in terms of simulated and real‐data examples. In particular, this methodology provides a suitable spatial functional extrapolation of tropical and subtropical weak‐dependence ocean surface temperature profiles, in the absence of high spatial concentration of weather stations, removing computational problems associated with matrix determinant close to zero. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NEIGHBOURHOOD SOCIAL CAPITAL AND INDIVIDUAL SELF‐RATED HEALTH IN WALES
Authors: Tampubolon Gindo , Subramanian S. V. , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: November 2011

Although neighbourhood social capital can be beneficial for individual health, supporting evidence in the UK is scant. We aim to find the net effect of neighbourhood social capital and deprivation on individual health beyond sociodemographic composition of neighbourhood. We propose a multilevel path analytic model of health to delineate complex pathways involving neighbourhoods (measured as local super output area) and individuals. Analysis of the most recent data containing independent measures of neighbourhood social capital shows that neighbourhood social capital appears to be associated with benefits in some aspects of individual health in the Welsh setting. The improvement stands beyond individual determinants and neighbourhood deprivation. Social scientists and public health officials have reason to continue focusing on the neighbourhoods as well as the individuals to improve the health of the population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of dietary fat intakes with risk of esophageal and gastric cancer in the NIH‐AARP diet and health study
Authors: O'Doherty Mark G. , Freedman Neal D. , Hollenbeck Albert R. , Schatzkin Arthur , Murray Liam J. , Cantwell Marie M. , Abnet Christian C.
Published: November 2011

The aim of our study was to investigate whether intakes of total fat and fat subtypes were associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia or gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma. From 1995–1996, dietary intake data was reported by 494,978 participants of the NIH‐AARP cohort. The 630 EAC, 215 ESCC, 454 gastric cardia and 501 gastric noncardia adenocarcinomas accrued to the cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between the dietary fat intakes, whilst adjusting for potential confounders. Although apparent associations were observed in energy‐adjusted models, multivariate adjustment attenuated results to null [e.g., EAC energy adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.66 (1.27–2.18) p for trend <0.01; EAC multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) 1.17 (0.84–1.64) p for trend = 0.58]. Similar patterns were also observed for fat subtypes [e.g., EAC saturated fat, energy adjusted HR (95% CI) 1.79 (1.37–2.33) p for trend <0.01; EAC saturated fat, multivariate adjusted HR (95% CI) 1.27 (0.91–1.78) p for trend = 0.28]. However, in multivariate models an inverse association for polyunsaturated fat (continuous) was seen for EAC in subjects with a body mass index (BMI) in the normal range (18.5–<25 kg/m2) [HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.63–0.92)], that was not present in overweight subjects [HR (95% CI) 1.04 (0.96–1.14)], or in unstratified analysis [HR (95% CI) 0.97 (0.90–1.05)]. p for interaction = 0.02. Overall, we found null associations between the dietary fat intakes with esophageal or gastric cancer risk; although a protective effect of polyunsaturated fat intake was seen for EAC in subjects with a normal BMI.
Magnesium used in bioabsorbable stents controls smooth muscle cell proliferation and stimulates endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Sternberg Katrin , Gratz Matthias , Koeck Kathleen , Mostertz Joerg , Begunk Robert , Loebler Marian , Semmling Beatrice , Seidlitz Anne , Hildebrandt Petra , Homuth Georg , Grabow Niels , Tuemmler Conny , Weitschies Werner , Schmitz Klaus‐Peter , Kroemer Heyo K.
Published: November 2011

Magnesium‐based bioabsorbable cardiovascular stents have been developed to overcome limitations of permanent metallic stents, such as late stent thrombosis. During stent degradation, endothelial and smooth muscle cells will be exposed to locally high magnesium concentrations with yet unknown physiological consequences. Here, we investigated the effects of elevated magnesium concentrations on human coronary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cell (HCAEC, HCASMC) growth and gene expression. In the course of 24 h after incubation with magnesium chloride solutions (1 or 10 mM) intracellular magnesium level in HCASMC raised from 0.55 ± 0.25 mM (1 mM) to 1.38 ± 0.95 mM (10 mM), while no increase was detected in HCAEC. Accordingly, a DNA microarray‐based study identified 69 magnesium regulated transcripts in HCAEC, but 2172 magnesium regulated transcripts in HCASMC. Notably, a significant regulation of various growth factors and extracellular matrix components was observed. In contrast, viability and proliferation of HCAEC were increased at concentrations of up to 25 mM magnesium chloride, while in HCASMC viability and proliferation appeared to be unaffected. Taken together, our data indicate that magnesium halts smooth muscle cell proliferation and stimulates endothelial cell proliferation, which might translate into a beneficial effect in the setting of stent associated vascular injury. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
In vivo evaluation of alginate microspheres of carvedilol for nasal delivery
Authors: Patil Sanjay B. , Kaul Ankur , Babbar Anil , Mathur Rashi , Mishra Anil , Sawant Krutika K.
Published: November 2011

Mucoadhesive alginate microspheres of carvedilol (CRV) for nasal administration intended to avoid first pass metabolism and to improve bioavailability were prepared and evaluated. The microspheres were prepared by emulsification cross‐linking method. Radiolabeling of CRV and its microspheres was performed by direct labeling with reduced technetium‐99m (99mTc). In vivo studies were performed on New Zealand white rabbits by administering the microspheres intranasally using monodose nasal insufflator. The radioactivity was measured in a well‐type gamma scintillation counter. The noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. The pattern of deposition and clearance of the microspheres were evaluated using a radioactive tracer and the noninvasive technique of gamma scintigraphy. The clearance of alginate microsphere was compared with that of control lactose. The microspheres were nonaggregated, free flowing powders with spherical shape, and smooth surface. Pharmacokinetics study displayed an increase in area under the curve and hence in relative bioavailability when compared with intravenous administration of drug. The nasal bioavailability was 67.87% which indicates that nasal administration results in improved absorption of CRV. The results of gamma scintigraphy showed that the alginate microspheres had significantly reduced rates of clearance from the rabbit nasal cavity when compared with the control lactose. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Very low pressures drive ventilatory flow in chimaeroid fishes
Authors: Dean Mason N. , Summers Adam P. , Ferry Lara A.
Published: November 2011

Chimaera (Holocephali) are cartilaginous fishes with flexible operculi rather than external gill slits, suggesting ventilation occurs in a manner different from other fishes. We examined holocephalan ventilation morphology, behavior, and performance by anatomical investigations, high‐speed video, and in vivo pressure measurements from the buccal and parabranchial cranial cavities in Hydrolagus colliei and Callorhinchus callorynchus. Ventilatory modes ranged from quiet resting breathing to rapid “active” breathing, yet external cranial movements—excepting the passive movement of the opercular flap—were always extremely subtle, and pressures generated were one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of other fishes. To explain ventilation with such minimal pressure generation and cranial motion, we propose an “accordion” model, whereby rostrocaudal movement of the visceral arches drives pressure differentials, albeit with little lateral or ventral movement. Chimaeroids have comparatively large oropharyngeal cavities, which can move fluid with a smaller linear dimension change than the comparatively smaller cavities of other fishes. Orobranchial pressures are often less than parabranchial pressures, suggesting flow in the “wrong” direction; however, the long gill curtains of chimaeroids may passively restrict backflow. We suggest that constraints on holocephalan jaw and hyoid movements were compensated for evolutionarily by novel visceral arch mechanics and kinematics. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meaning made following deployment in Iraq or Afghanistan: Examining unique associations with posttraumatic stress and clinical outcomes
Authors: Currier Joseph M. , Holland Jason M. , Chisty Khaja , Allen David
Published: November 2011

Crises in personal meaning may be a critical aspect of psychological maladjustment following combat. Using the newly developed Integration of Stressful Life Events Scale (ISLES), this study examined the role of meaning made of a salient stressor following a combat deployment in Iraq or Afghanistan. In a sample of 169 returning service members, findings supported the distinctiveness of meaning made of a stressor (as assessed by the ISLES), factor analytically and as a correlate of several relevant clinical outcomes. In particular, when the model contained potential confounds and psychiatric symptoms, meaning made in the months and years following combat was uniquely associated with the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms, β = −.39, and referrals for mental health care, β = −.69, in the sample. The present findings highlight the importance of the subjective meaning made of traumatic life events and also suggest that posttraumatic stress and other psychiatric symptomatology may not account for the full clinical picture among many service men and women.
Knee joint transplantation combined with surgical angiogenesis in rabbits—A new experimental model
Authors: Kremer Thomas , Giusti Guilherme , Friedrich Patricia F. , Willems Wouter , Bishop Allen T. , Giessler Goetz A.
Published: November 2011

Purpose: We have previously described a means to maintain bone allotransplant viability, without long‐term immune modulation, replacing allogenic bone vasculature with autogenous vessels. A rabbit model for whole knee joint transplantation was developed and tested using the same methodology, initially as an autotransplant. Materials/Methods: Knee joints of eight New Zealand White rabbits were elevated on a popliteal vessel pedicle to evaluate limb viability in a nonsurvival study. Ten additional joints were elevated and replaced orthotopically in a fashion identical to allotransplantation, obviating only microsurgical repairs and immunosuppression. A superficial inferior epigastric facial (SIEF) flap and a saphenous arteriovenous (AV) bundle were introduced into the femur and tibia respectively, generating a neoangiogenic bone circulation. In allogenic transplantation, this step maintains viability after cessation of immunosuppression. Sixteen weeks later, X‐rays, microangiography, histology, histomorphometry, and biomechanical analysis were performed. Results: Limb viability was preserved in the initial eight animals. Both soft tissue and bone healing occurred in 10 orthotopic transplants. Surgical angiogenesis from the SIEF flap and AV bundle was always present. Bone and joint viability was maintained, with demonstrable new bone formation. Bone strength was less than the opposite side. Arthrosis and joint contractures were frequent. Conclusion: We have developed a rabbit knee joint model and evaluation methods suitable for subsequent studies of whole joint allotransplantation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.