bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION OF BIOGAS DIGESTERS IN LIVESTOCK MANURE TREATMENT AT VAN CU RICE NOODLE CRAFT VILLAGE, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Authors: Tu Tran Thi
Published: April 2018

This paper used some calculation techniques of IPCC to quantify the economic and environmental benefit from greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation at Van Cu rice noodle craft village, Huong Toan commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province. The resulting calculation showed that the GHG emission amount of Van Cu rice noodle craft village was 1,572.3 tonnes of CO2e/ year, in which the GHG emission of households who had activities of swine breeding and rice noodle producing had accounted for 78% of total emissions of the whole village. There were 24 biogas digesters in 31 households had built biogas works that were working well and creating biogas for usage as fuel to service of life. Therefore, this study surveyed at 24 households were using biogas works efficiency. Before using biogas works, average GHG emission reached 51.0 tonnes CO2e/ household/ year. After using biogas digesters, total GHG emission of 24 households reduced 267.6 tonnes of CO2e/ year. Thus, the total GHG emission amount was cut down 956.5 tonnes of CO2e/ year, corresponding to revenue from the sale of certified emission reductions (CERs) was 13.04 million dong/ year.
OCCURRENCE OF PAHs IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND INCENSE BURNING AREA IN HA NOI ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Anh Van Dieu
Published: April 2018

The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) was investigated through the particulate matter of samples air samples collected in the ambient air and the incense burning area in Ha Noi. The concentration of PAHs in the incense burning area was higher than that in the ambient air. The mixture of PAHs in both sites was predominantly composed of PAHs 4 and more than 4 aromatic rings. Benzo(a)pyrene, (BaP), regarded one of the most toxic PAHs, was found in all samples, with the concentrations higher than the maximum concentrations defined by several EU Countries. The health risk assessment was conducted using the toxic equivalent factor (TEF) that was obtained by comparing the toxicity of individual PAHs to BaP. Derma contact was the main routes of exposure in the studied area. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model was used to find the risk level for human. The ILCR was higher than 10-3, indicating high health risk to community. The incense burning activity increases the risk to exposure human.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DIFFERENT EUPATORIUMFORTUNEI TURCZ EXTRACTS ON THE GROWTH OF MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA
Authors: Nga Pham Thanh
Published: April 2018

Blooms of freshwater cyanobacteria have caused increasing eco-environmental problems in recent years. Recently, plant extracts have been considered as attractive alternative algicides for algal bloom treatment. The present work presented the effect of three different extracts (ethanol, water and methanol) prepared from Eupatorium fortunei Turcz at concentrations of 500 and 200 µg/mL on the growth of Microcystisaeruginosain a 10-day experiment. By using optical density method, the ethanol extract at concentration of 500 µg/mL indicated the highest toxicity with the inhibition efficiency reaching 95.5 % after 10 days which was significantly greater than those of the water, methanol extracts at the same concentration and that of CuSO4 at 5 µg/mL (59.7 %, 66.5 % and 81,7 %, respectively). In addition, the pH of the algal suspensions was fluctuated from 6.0 to 7.0 for the control and extract-treated samples. In contrast, the pH of the CuSO4-treated suspension decreased to 5.0 - 5.5. These results proved that the E. fortunei Turcz ethanol extract had the best properties at 500 µg/mL in comparision with other extracts.
PRECIPITATION SCENARIOS IN HO CHI MINH CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Phung Nguyen Ky
Published: April 2018

This work aimed at developing precipitation scenarios in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) corresponding to scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5. By means of data collecting and processing and SimCLIM software, results showed the average annual precipitation in HCMC would increase over the years and RCP scenarios: from 13.4 % to 24 % in 2100 compared to that in the period of 1986-2005. The dry seasonal precipitation would tend to decrease while the rainy seasonal one would increase. By space, average annual and seasonal precipitations in HCMC decrease from the northwest to the southeast: the highest one are in the north (Cu Chi, Hoc Mon) and the city center while the lowest are in the coastal area (Can Gio). These results are an important basis for assessing impacts and vulnerability due to precipitation variations in particular and climate change in general in HCMC.
THE EFFECT OF GREEN SPACE ON THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN HUE CITY
Authors: Giang Nguyen Bac
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the analysis of the effect of urban green space types on land surface temperature in Hue city. Data are collected with temperature monitoring results from each green space type and the interpretation of surface temperature based on Landsat 8 satellite image data to determine temperatures at different times of the year. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between types of urban green space and the surface temperature. Types of green space with a large area and vegetation indexes have a greater effect on temperature than areas with a smaller green space do. Green space types including forest green space, dedicated green space and agriculture green space have the most effect on the surface temperature. The forest area has the greatest influence on the temperature with a temperature difference of more than 1.6 degrees Celsius at 9:00 in the daytime. Besides, the results extracted from satellite images also show that the area of urban green space going to be reduced makes a contribution to increase the surface temperature of urban areas. The study results have established foundation for planning the green spaces in climate change challenges in Hue City.
PREPARATION OF RED MUD/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR ADSORPTION OF As(III) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Linh Ha Xuan
Published: April 2018

In this study, we produce a red mud/graphene composite (REEG) via electrochemical activation graphite in basic red mud slurry. The adsorption properties for As(III) on REEG were investigated by batch method. The influence of pH (2-12), contact time (0-300 min), and the amount of adsorbent (0.02-0.1 g) on As(III) removal efficiency by the REEG were also determined. Results showed that the equilibrium time, the optimal pH, and mass of adsorbent were 240 min, pH 3.0 and 0.05 g, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) calculated by Langmuir isotherm model was found to be 21.367 mg/g. The results showed that REEG promises to be a good absorbent for As(III) removal from aqueous solution.
STUDY ON LEACHATE TREATMENT AFTER ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS BY BIO-FILTER SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY IN NAM SON LANDFILL, HA NOI
Authors: Khai Le Cao
Published: April 2018

One of the major pollution issues caused by the municipal solid waste landfill is leachate, which creates a huge risks to contaminate groundwater, surface water as well as surrounding land quality. The leachate of Nam Son landfill contains high concentrations of pollutants such as COD, BOD5, NH4+-N. Hence, this study focused on setting up a bio-filter system and investigating its performance on Nam Son landfill leachate after pre-treatment by electrocoagulation (EC). The characteristics of raw leachate for bio-treatment were as following: pH = 8.7 - 8.9, COD = 1391 – 1492 mg/L, NH4+-N = 661 - 818 mg/L. The experimental system was set up with use volume of 20 lit (dimension: l = 0.15 m, w = 0.28 m and h = 0.52 m) in conditions: room temperature (25-32oC) flow rate from 2 – 6 L/day, bio-media had a specific surface of 200 m2/m3. The experimental results were found that COD treatment efficiency from 78–96 % with input COD load from 0.12 – 0.45 kg/m3/day. The NH4+-N treatment efficiency from 98–99.9 % with input NH4+-N load from 0.08 ÷ 0.25 kg/m3/day. The research results indicated that the leachate treatment by combination of electrocoagulation and bio-filter system can promise as a potential method in practice.
MEMBRANE FOULING IN ANOXIC-OXIC MBR SYSTEM OPERATED AT LOW DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Authors: Do Khac Uan
Published: April 2018

Membrane fouling in a lab-scale anoxic-oxic MBR operated at low dissolved oxygen (DO) was investigated in this study. The system includes an anoxic, an oxic and a membrane basin with the working volumes of 73 L, 124 L, and 68 L, respectively. A hollow fibre membrane module with a pore size of 0.2 µm and with total filter area of 1.44 m2 was submerged in the membrane basin. The system was operated at various low DO concentrations of 2.0; 1.5; 1.0; and 0.5 mg/L. The results shown that at DO higher than 1.0 mg/L, COD and TN removal efficiencies were higher than 90 % and 60 %, respectively. However, low DO (less than 1.0 mg/L) lead to poor sludge flocculation which deteriorate the membrane filterability. The TMP increased dramatically at different DO levels. There was a significant increase of TMP during first 15-days experiment at DO 2.0 mg/L. After that the TMP was increased slowly and lower than 16 kPa to until 30-days. In contrast, when DO was reduced to 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5, the TMP was increased sharply almost from 1 to over 20 kPa within about 15 days.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT THROUGH INHALATION AND DERMAL PATHWAYS TO PHTHALATES IN INDOOR AIR COLLECTED FROM HANOI, VIETNAM
Authors: Hanh Le Thi
Published: April 2018

Phthalates (phthalic diesters) is one of endocrine disrupting compound groups which have been recently concerned of the occurrence and harmful effects to human health. In this report, ten common phthalates were analyzed in indoor air collected from hair salons and homes collected from Hanoi, Vietnam. Total concentrations of phthalates in indoor air ranged from 306 to 16000 ng/m3 (mean: 1140 ng/m3). High concentrations of phthalates were measured in indoor air collected from hair salons (mean: 4040 ng/m3). Among the studied phthalates, diethyl phthalate (DEP) was predominant compound and had the highest levels in indoor air. Based on the measured concentrations, the human exposure to phthalates through inhalation and dermal absorption were estimated for various age groups. Overall, the exposure doses decreased with increasing ages.
STUDY ON DEVELOPING AND APPLYING EYE-TRACKING TECHNIQUE TO FOOD CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN VIETNAM: A STUDY ON MOONCAKES
Authors: Vu Thi Minh Hang
Published: April 2018

Eye-tracking method has been increasingly used for studying food consumer behavior in the last few years because of its objectivity. This study applied eye-tracking technique to investigate the food choice behavior of Vietnamese consumers: from gazing, and expected liking to perceived liking. The Tobii T60 eye-tracker was used for recording and analysing the gazing behavior of consumers. Four traditional mooncakes with different ingredients were tested by 70 Vietnamese participants: 1) Product pictures were shown on a screen. Participants had to choose the product they liked the most. During this process, gazing behavior was recorded with an eye-tracker; 2) Product samples were served for tasting. Participants had to rated their perceived liking using conventional 9-point hedonic scale.Results showed that the investigated gazing behavior parameters (fixation count, fixation duration, visit duration and visit count) correlated significantly in a positive way with the “wanting to try” choice. Moreover, this choice is in compliance with “perceived liking”. Results have been discussed considering the relationship between eye-movements, decision making process and choosing behavior. This study applied a new objective technique to study food consumer behavior. Moreover, it opens preliminarily a multiple-tool approach in improving the understanding of consumers’ food choice perception and behavior.
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS ON POLYPHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS, S-ALLYL CYSTEINE CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BLACK GARLIC EXTRACTS
Authors: Thach Nguyen Ai
Published: April 2018

Black garlic is obtained from fresh garlic (Allium sativum L.) that has been aged for a long time at a high temperature under high humidity. Black garlic exerts metabolic and cardiovascular beneficial effects. In this study, (i) water and various concentrations of ethanol (50 % and 100 %) in water were used as solvent in the extraction of black garlic with different black garlic:solvent ratios (1:5, 1:10 and 1:15 w/v); (ii) the process was investigated in the temperatures ranging of 40 to 80 oC during 30 to 120 minutes, as well as determination of bioactive compounds content (total polyphenols, total flavonoids and S-allyl cysteine content) of all obtained extracts. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. The obtained results indicated that the aqueous ethanol (50 %) extracts presented the highest contents of polyphenols and flavonoids (7.94 mg GAE/g and 3.37 mg QE/g, respectively) and DPPH radical scavenging activity at black garlic: solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v); while the water extract showed the highest S-allyl cysteine content (76.0 mg/kg) at the 1:10 ratio. The suitable condition for extracting of total polyphenols and flavonoids from black garlic was 60 oC for 90 minutes. With respect to SAC extraction, the suitable temperature and time of 80 oC and 90-120 minutes, respectively  were found.
DETERMINATION OF METAL CONTENT IN TEA LEAVES GROWN IN YEN BAI AND TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE, VIET NAM
Authors: Thao Nguyen Thi
Published: April 2018

The metal contents of 19 tea leave samples, Camellia sinensis L., from Yen Bai and Tuyen Quang provinces were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Total 18 elements in tea leaves were determined including macroelement such as Al, Ca, K, Mg, Mn; trace element such as Na, Ba, Fe, Cu, Sn, Zn, Se, Ni, B and heavy metal (Pb, Hg, Cd and metalloid As). The results show that, K content was the highest among the macroelement, followed by Mg, Ca, Mn and Al. There was a wide variation of the trace metal content among the tea leaves coming from different province. The levels of heavy metal content in most of the samples were not detectable or below the acceptable level as required by Ministry of Health.
STUDY ON SOLUTIONS FOR STABILIZING FRUITY FLAVOUR MIXED BEER DURING FILTRATION AND PACKAGING
Authors: Cong Le Viet
Published: April 2018

Nowadays, fruity flavours mixed beers are very popular and widely accepted in the world. However, there aren’t brewers producing this brand of beer in Vietnam; hence it is mostly imported products. New beer types can be produced based on lager beer, then mixed with natural flavours, sugar and citric acid. Mixed beer have low alcohol content ranged from 2.5 to 3.0 % v/v. Due to the blending process of lager beer with other ingredients mixed beer may have different stability from the base lager beer. The aim of this study is to improve beer stability up to six months shelf-life. Experiments were conducted on 500 liters pilot scale. The base lager beer was filtered using Silicagel at dosing rate from 10 to 50 g/hl, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) at dosing rate from 10 to 30 g/hl, and sodium metabisulfite at dosing rate from1 to 5 g/hl were used during beer filtration and blending. Mixed beer was bottled at volume of 450 ml, and then was pasteurized with pasteurization units (PU) from 8 to 18. Final beer was assessed with physicochemical, sensorial and microbiological properties. The results showed that, to achieve six months of beer stability, PVPP dose at 20 g/hl, sodium metabisulfite at 3 g/hl and 16-18 pasteurization units was required.
OPTIMIZING THE PROCESSING OF GINGER ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD (Zingiber collinsii) FROM PUMAT NATIONAL PARK OF VIETNAM USING THE RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: My Chau Le Thi
Published: April 2018

In Vietnam, ginger (zingiber) belonging to ginger family (zingiberaceae) is a valuable spice plant. Extraction is the first step of great importance for the recovery and purification of essential oil from plant materials. In this paper, we studied on the factors that affect the process of total essential oil extraction from ginger roots originated from Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An province. The total essential oil yield extraction from ginger roots was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with experimental order of Box-Behnken design. The final optimization value for yield of ginger essential oil is at 570 ml water to 100 g sample at 290 minutes of steam distillation using 1.09 mm material thickness size. In this condition, the maximum total essential oil yield was predicted to be 1.23 %.
A STUDY ON PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND ANTICORROSIVE PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED GRAPHENE-BASED EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS
Authors: Thuy Hang Phan Thi
Published: April 2018

The use of coatings of functionalized nanostructured carbon based composite to inhibit corrosion is an area getting much of attention among scientists and industrialists. Lately, Graphene has started to play an important role in many applications. Graphene possesses excellent mechanical and thermal stability, low chemical reactivity, impermeability to most of gases, and high transparency. Thanks to these properties, Graphene is so far finding some applications for protective coatings. However, Graphene is apolar and nanostructured, so that is difficult to be dispersed into polar polymers as epoxy resin. In this paper, results of using chemically modified Graphene to reinforce the physico-mechanical properties and corrosive resistance properties of the epoxy paint coating are presented. Graphene was modified by oxidative method with mixtures of H2SO4, H3PO4 and KmnO4 solutions. The properties of obtained products were characterized by somephysico-chemical methods such as Fourier transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The physico-mechanical and anti-corrosion properties of paints based on chemically modified Graphene-epoxy nanocomposite have been exceptionally superior to that of paints based on epoxy and Graphene.
STUDY ON HIGHLY ALLOYED STEEL ANODE COATED BY MIXED METAL OXIDES SnO2 - Sb2O3 THIN FILM AND APPLICATION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Authors: Suong Huynh Thu
Published: April 2018

In this study, thin film of mixed SnO2 and Sb2O3 on Cr18Ni12Ti high alloy steel (HAS) substrate (SnO2-Sb2O3/HAS) was fabricated by dip coating - pyrolysis method. The morphology and structure of the material surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical property was evaluated by using Vickers hardness test (HV test). The electrochemical properties of the formed film were investigated by open circuit potential measurement vs. time and potentiodynamic polarization curves in the 3.5% NaCl solution.The results indicate that the SnO2-Sb2O3/HAS electrode has high hardness and good electrochemical strength. The SnO2-Sb2O3/HAS electrode was used as an anode to remove Rhodamine B (RhB) - a color dye - from wastewater.  The effect of electrolysis time on treatment efficiency for RhB is studied. The UV-Vis spectra and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis shows that the RhB color dye are removed from wastewater via electrochemical oxidation process.
INFLUENCE OF NICKEL CONCENTRATION ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ELECTROPLATING Zn-Ni ALLOY
Authors: Thanh Huyen Bui Thi
Published: April 2018

Zn-Ni alloy electroplating behaves as anodic coating but has better mechanical properties in comparison with pure Zn coatings. Hence, Zn-Ni coating is accepted as an environmentally friendly alternative to cadmium coatings which is very toxic during producing and use. In this paper, Zn-Ni alloys were electrodeposited from sulfate electrolyte baths at various ratios of Ni2+/Zn2+. Influences of nickel concentration on the plating process were investigated. The composition, morphology and structural properties of the thin films were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Electrochemical behaviour of the plated thin films was characterized by open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization curves. It was seen that the optimum condition for Zn-Ni electroplating was at temperature of 50 °C, current density of 5 A/dm2, anode - cathode distance of 2.5 cm with stirring. Current efficiency of the plating process and characteristics of the Zn-Ni alloy coatings depended much on the nickel concentration in the plating bath. The best properties were found for the electroplated alloy coating with nickel content in the range of 12 - 14 %.
CRACKING CORROSION OF LOW CARBON STEEL IN ENVIRONMENT WITH A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF CO2 AND H2S
Authors: Le Hien Nguyen Thi
Published: April 2018

Cracking corrosion of API 5CT Grade L80 Type 1 low carbon steel has been studied in a in brine solutions with H2S 12.3 psia and CO2 9.4 psia. Testing was performed according to the methodology reference from the NACE TM0177, Bent-beam test method in solution B for stress corrosion cracking and sulfide stress corrosion cracking test and NACE TM0284, immersion test method in solution A for Hydrogen induced cracking test.The obtained results showed pitting and general corrosion at both temperatures of 24 oC and 82 oC. In case of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) testing at 82 °C, microscopy of the samples tested for 30 days developed pitting corrosion in the surface and cracking starting in the surface of the samples. The cracks, mostly found in the middle of the samples where the maximum bending occurred. General corrosion was also observed in the samples, with significant decrease in the dimensions of the samples after testing (due to general corrosion). However, in case of sulfide stress corrosion (SSC) and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) tests at room temperature (24-25 oC), no cracking was observed on the sample.
SELECTIVE AND EFFECTIVE RECOVERY OF COPPER FROM PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD SCRAPS
Authors: Hai Thinh Nguyen Trung
Published: April 2018

Copper was recovered from printed circuit boards (PCB) scraps by the combined mechanical and electrochemical method using 7M nitric acid as leaching agent followed by metal electrodeposition electrolyzing leachate. The metal recovery selectivity and effectivity were investigated through determination of electrodeposition potentials based on anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were also used to reveal the optimized electrolysis parameters. The influence of various process parameters such as current density, pH, and temperature on electrodeposition efficiency was examined. The high recovery efficiency, more than 90 %, was reached for copper electrodeposition from PCB leachate at cathodic current density of 20 mA/cm2, pH=1 and temperature is 40 oC of the electrolyzer solution.
INFLUENCE OF MONOETHYLENE GLYCOL ON CORROSION INHIBITOR OF WET GAS PIPELINE
Authors: Le Hien Nguyen Thi
Published: April 2018

In wet gas pipelines, monoethylene glycol (MEG) is widely used as a hydrate inhibitor, which can absorb free water and make decrease the corrosion rate of carbon steel pipeline. On the other hand, the presence of MEG affects on the solubility and diffusivity of CO2 in water. So, this paper presents a study of MEG inhibition properties in acid gas with CO2 content of 4 mol. %, an influence of MEG content in the brine water, pH and temperature on the corrosion rate of carbon steel by linear polarization resistance (LPR) and mass loss methods. The results show that the more MEG content increases, the more corrosion rate decreases. However, this effect is not significant unless the MEG content in the bulk liquid phase is higher than 70 wt. %.
Stability and magnetic properties of isomorphous substituted Si7-xMnx+
Authors: Tung Nguyen Thanh , Mai Nguyen Thi , Cuong Ngo Tuan
Published: April 2018

The optimized geometries, stability, and magnetic properties of cationic clusters Si7+, Si6Mn+, and Si5Mn2+ have been determined by the method of density functional theory using the B3P86/6-311+G(d) functional/basis set. Their electronic configurations have been analyzed to understand the influence of substituting Si atoms by Mn atoms on the structural and magnetic aspects of Si7+. It is shown that the manganese dopant does not alter the structure of the silicon host but significantly changes its stability and magnetism. In particular, while the magnetic moment of Si7+ is 1 mB, Si5Mn2+ exhibits a strong magnetic moment of 9 mB and that of Si6Mn+ takes a relatively high value of 4 mB. Among studied clusters, the pentagonal bipyramid Si5Mn2+ is assigned as the most stable one.
STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ATTENUATOSIDE B-1, PLANCISIDE A, AND CULCITOSIDE C2 FROM THE STARFISH ACANTHASTER PLANCI
Authors: Vien Le Thi , Hong Hanh Tran Thi , Thanh Huong Phan Thi , Thao Do Thi , Thanh Nguyen Van , Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Nam Nguyen Hoai
Published: April 2018

Detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR data and comparison with the reported values, the structures of attenuatoside B-1 (1), planciside A (2), and culcitoside C2 (3) from starfish Acanthaster planci were clearly elucidated. Culcitoside C2 (3) showed weak cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines including HepG2, KB, LNCaP, MCF7, and SK-Mel2.
AGGLOMERATION OF ACACIA MANGIUM BIOMASS
Authors: Quyen Trinh Van , Sándor Nagy
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of temperature (T), moisture content (MC) and particle size (x) on Acacia mangium biomass and also to find the optimal conditions of the densification process for producing tablet with high density. The result shows that at constant pressure, increasing temperature (T) resulted in higher density of tablets and also increasing moisture content resulted in higher density of tables. Tablets made from raw material with smaller particle size have lower strength than those made from material with larger particle size.
Swedish orka viewed through its English correspondences – ability, insufficient strength/energy or insufficient volition?
Authors: Johansson Mats , Nordrum Lene
Published: April 2018

This paper explores the Swedish auxiliary orka and its English correspondences as reflected in English-Swedish parallel corpora. Orka is interesting from a contrastive perspective since it lacks a straightforward equivalent in English. We show that most of the English correspondences, both in the direction Swedish original to English translation and in the direction English original to Swedish translation, indicate a semantic analysis of Swedish orka involving a combination of two meaning components 1) ability and 2) sufficient physical or mental strength/energy. We suggest an analysis inspired by Nadathur (2016) where ability is the core semantic property, but sufficiency of physical or mental energy is included in the lexical meaning of the verb as a potential obstacle to ability. In addition, our material includes correspondences reflecting a second meaning involving sufficiency of volition (von Fintel, 2006), which we assume is derived from the meaning above. We also note that orka predominantly occurs in negative polarity contexts, and speculate that the relatively recent use of the imperative form orka in informal talk, meaning something along the lines of ‘I could not be bothered’, might have its source in such negative connotations. In addition to offering a specified semantic description of the Swedish verb orka, our study contributes to cross-linguistic studies of expressions of sufficiency meanings and sufficiency as a meaning component in verbs (Fortuin, 2013).
The FAIL TO construction: A contrastive perspective
Authors: Egan Thomas
Published: April 2018

This article considers the various senses of the English fail to construction in the light of its Norwegian translation correspondences. This construction has been alleged to be in the process of grammaticalising as a marker of negation in Present-day English. The paper tests the hypothesis that if fail to is in the process of grammaticalising as a marker of negation pure and simple, we should find it used to translate, or find it translated by, pure negation markers (the equivalent of English not) in other languages. The particular language of translation investigated in this paper is Norwegian in which the default negation marker is ikke. It is shown that translations in both directions lend support to the hypothesis.
Dispersion, adsorption and retardation effects of phosphonated small molecule superplasticisers in cement hydration
Authors: Qi Shuai , Wang Tao , Fan Shimin , Ma Jianfeng , Yang Yong , Han Zheng , Qiao Min , Ran Qianping
Published: April 2018

A series of phosphonated small molecule superplasticisers were synthesised by the Mannich reaction of functionalised amines with formaldehyde and phosphonic acid. Their chemical structures and molecular weights were determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and size exclusion chromatography, respectively. Their dispersion ability, adsorption behaviour and retardation effect in cement hydration were investigated. Results of the cement paste tests indicated that the phosphonated small molecule superplasticisers with longer polyether chain and fewer phosphonate groups exhibited better initial water-reducing ability but weaker retarding ability, and those with shorter polyether chain and more phosphonate groups turned out to be more effective in slump-retaining ability and retarding ability. These findings provide useful information for optimising the performance of phosphonated small molecule chemical admixtures in the future.
Factors affecting the bio-cementing process of coarse sand
Authors: Mahawish Aamir , Bouazza Abdelmalek , Gates Will P.
Published: April 2018

Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has received increased attention in recent years as a potential technique for green soil improvements. MICP mimics natural biochemical processes, but utilises cultured urease-producing bacteria that more efficiently catalyse the hydrolysis of urea in the presence of calcium ions to induce precipitation of calcium carbonate. However, optimisation of the MICP method for practical use has hindered its widespread uptake and application. This paper explores the impact of factors such as equimolar and non-equimolar cementation solution (CS), various reaction times and reaction temperatures, which may impact on engineering design of MICP projects. The results reveal that MICP is strongly influenced by the choice of CS concentration, reaction times and temperatures adopted. Higher strength and time-efficient bio-cementation of coarse sand columns were achieved over 24 h incubation time with equimolar CS (1 M) at a temperature of 20°C. The effect of molarity of CS and temperature were also analysed and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.
Effect of short glass fibre on dilated concrete in compression and tension
Authors: Kasagani Hanuma , Rao Chittem Butchi Kameshwar
Published: April 2018

Glass fibres are fundamentally different from their host matrix, and their strength in tension is significantly higher. The fine size of the fibres also allows large volume fractions to be easily mixed and uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Closely spaced fibres can then provide effective reinforcement at the micro-cracking level, prevent the coalescence of micro-cracks into unstable macro-cracks and increase the strength. The present research work is carried out with 3 mm micro glass fibre at 0·1 to 0·5% volume fractions for normal strength concrete (M30) in uniaxial compression and uniaxial tension. The stress–strain behaviour in tension and compression is studied. Strain softening in compression and strain hardening in tension is observed. Fibre dispersion and fibre orientation at the fracture plane of specimens is examined through an optical microscope. The fibre efficiency and bond strength are calculated. The strength of the fibre-reinforced composite is influenced by the fibre length coefficient (ηl), fibre orientation coefficient (ηθ) and fibre dispersion coefficient (ηd). The higher the fibre dispersion coefficient and fibre orientation coefficient, the higher is the strength of the composite, owing to the homogeneity of fibre dispersion and because the fibres perform efficiently across the fracture plane.
Uniaxial behaviour of sand concrete-filled steel tube columns
Authors: Madi Wafa , Ihaddoudène Abd Nacer Touati , Costa-Neves Luis Filipe da , Vellasco Pedro Colmar Gonçalves da Silva
Published: April 2018

A major issue in the design of rectangular hollow section (RHS) steel columns is the local buckling ultimate limit state, which can seriously limit the overall resistance of the column. The use of concrete-filled steel tubes is frequently the solution that is adopted to overcome this problem, by enhancing the column resistance through the association of the resistances of the two materials. Major design codes contain rules for the design of composite columns, but the concrete's resistance is limited to the usual range of concrete classes. This paper presents the results from a series of experimental tests using low-cost/low-strength concrete, containing a small amount of cement and using sand as the only aggregate. This may be particularly advantageous from the logistic and economical points of view. The experimental results are presented, analysed and compared with those obtained for non-composite RHS steel columns. Finally, the Eurocodes design rules are used to assess their applicability to low-performance concrete.
Intestine Villi Morphology of Black Sea Trout (Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814)
Authors: ÖZEL Osman Tolga , COŞKUN İsa , ÇAKMAK Eyüp
Published: April 2018

This study was conducted to determine the effect of
age, sex and weight on the middle intestine villi morphology of fifth-generation Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811). The fish were kept in the
freshwater ponds (June-October) and marine cages (November-May) to provide the life
cycle of species. Intestine tissue samples were taken during period when fish
were kept in marine cages. According to the results obtained, middle
intestine villi morphology changed depending on age (1,
2, 3, 4 and 5 years old) and different live weight of similar ages (16 months old). The lowest intestine villi
development was obtained in 1 years old fish. This was followed by 2 years old
fish. The highest intestine villi development was obtained in 3 years old fish.
Besides, intestine villi development of high weighted fish was higher than
those of low weighted fish. However, it was found that middle
intestine villi morphology didn’t changed depending on sex.
Hereke Deresi Alg Florası (Kocaeli-Türkiye)
Authors: MORKOYUNLU YÜCE Arzu , GÖNÜLOL Arif , ERTAN Ömer Osman , ERKEBAY Şebnem
Published: April 2018

Akuatik ekosistemlerin
besin zincirinde algler oldukça önemlidir. 
Lotik ve lentik ekosistemlerin biyoçeşitliliğinin belirlenmesinde
incelenmeleri gerekmektedir. Hereke Deresi’nin epilitik ve planktonik florasını
tespit etmek amacıyla 4 istasyon seçilmiştir. Bu çalışma Ocak 2015 – Kasım 2015
tarihleri arasında mevsimsel olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hereke Deresinde
yapılan bu araştırmada, 20 takson Bacillariophyta, 2 takson Chlorophyta, 2
takson Cyanobacteria (= Cyanophyta) ve 1 takson Charophyta bölümlerine ait
olmak üzere toplam 25 takson tespit edilmiştir. Alg florasının  % 80 Bacillariophyta grubu üyelerinden
oluşmaktadır.  Su sıcaklığı 8,10 –
17,1°C, çözünmüş oksijen 8,2 – 9,4 mg/L, 
pH 6,95 – 8,10, elektriksel iletkenliği 382,09 - 447 μS/cm olarak tespit
edilmiştir. Az sayıda alg taksonunun bulunmasında derenin akış hızının etkili
olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Spanish Composition Errors from a Combined Classroom of Heritage (L1) and Non-heritage (L2) Learners: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Ryan John M.
Published: April 2018

In a world of declining institutional budgets, decreasing student enrollments in departments that until now may have had the luxury of separate composition classrooms for heritage and non-heritage students, not to mention individual student schedule limitations, the steady increase in enrollment of L1 or heritage students in composition classrooms which were before primarily geared toward L2 learners has created a new reality and the urgency to rethink the organization, sequence, and emphasis placed on topics and structures in the classroom. The purpose of this case study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of L1 and L2 student composition error data collected from a sample of fifteen students enrolled in a Spanish Composition (SPAN 302) class at the University of Northern Colorado (UNC). Specific objectives for this project were to determine from the data collected: 1) the frequencies with which L1 and L2 student participants committed word- and sentence-level errors in their compositions; 2) how error frequencies compare between L1 and L2 students over a semester’s time, and in particular, with the writing of a series of five different compositions, each targeting a more advanced level of writing proficiency; and 3) how knowledge of both similarities and differences between these two groups might be applied to enhance the author’s current pedagogical model that could work for future students from both groups in a single classroom.
Note-taking in Persian-English Consecutive Interpreting: Considering Iranian Translation Teachers’ and Students’ Opinions
Authors: Marani Rasoul , Tabrizi Hossein Heidari
Published: April 2018

Note-taking is one of the essential skills which is used to facilitate the process of consecutive interpreting and the different aspects of the cited skill has been investigated in the history of interpreting. But despite of this significance, very little related research could be found about note-taking in Persian-English consecutive interpreting. Due to this paucity, the present study explored and examined the translation teachers’ and students’ opinions in this respect in order to identify the weaknesses of teaching and utilizing note-taking during the process of consecutive interpreting  particularly in Iranian academic contexts. For the purpose of this research, four interpreting teachers from different Iranian universities, besides 10 male and female undergraduate translation students of quoted academic context who had passed interpreting courses, were selected meticulously and by means of phone interview, the required data were collected. The results of this investigation clearly indicate that, as well as teaching interpreting courses by the non-qualified teachers more often than not, the used syllabuses for interpreting courses do not cover all aspects of the issue and should be redesigned according to the students’ future needs in the role of the professional interpreters. Additionally, while almost all general concepts, techniques and strategies are totally unfamiliar to translation students, they entirely acknowledge the necessity of learning much more about note-taking.
A Study on the Spread of Chaozhou Opera in Thailand under the Strategy of Maritime Silk Road
Authors: Miao Lei , Wang Qiuping
Published: April 2018

Chaozhou Opera, selected in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list, is an ancient Chinese opera. It has been spread overseas with Chaozhou people and has become one of the most influential local opera in China, also homesickness sustenance for many overseas Chinese people. In 2013, the General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the strategy on the construction of the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”, which has clearly pointed out to strengthen the cultural communication and cooperation in the “Maritime Silk Road” regions. Thailand is an important country on the Silk Road. Therefore, this article takes the development of Chaozhou Opera in Thailand as the research object, analyzes the present situation of Chaozhou Opera in Thailand, points out its bottleneck and puts forward the development strategy.
Toward the Use of Conceptual Metaphors of “Teacher” Perceived by High-school Students
Authors: Koohestani Fariba Mansouri , Sabouri Narjes Banou , Farrokh Parisa , Dehbaneh Maryam Hessaby
Published: April 2018

This study is an attempt to find out the use of conceptual metaphors of teachers by the high-school students based upon Oxford et al. taxonomy (1988). In so doing, seventy participants were randomly selected among the high-school students of both genders aged 15 to 18 in Rezvanshahr – A city in Guilan province. The questionnaires were distributed required them to jot down their own conceptual metaphor about their teachers. The gathered information was analyzed through SPSS software after codifying. The results showed that most frequent class of metaphors used by them were “Learner-Centered Growth”. It is meant that Iranian students like their teachers to be the facilitators who pave the way for them. On the other hand, there exists no significant relationship between gender and the type of metaphors that students use about their teachers.
The Pragmatic Strategies Adopted by an Advanced Chinese EFL Learner in Realization of Request Speech Act—A Case Study
Authors: Su Yanfei
Published: April 2018

Under the guidance of the analytical framework of speech act proposed by Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), the utterances, produced by a Chinese advanced EFL learner under four different situations in which the speech act of request was realized, are analyzed so as to examine the advanced EFL learner’s pragmatic awareness and corresponding features of pragmatic strategies adopted in realization of the request speech act. The findings of the study suggest that the Chinese advanced EFL learner does have certain pragmatic awareness and adopts different pragmatic strategies to realize the request speech act in different situations; however, her pragmatic strategies are comparatively limited to certain ones, showing no variety, which are likely to be impacted by various factors.
Learning Tasks Design in Improving Reading Comprehension Ability of Informational Text of 5th Grade in Indonesia: An Interactive-compensatory Model Use
Authors: Hardini Tri Indri , Puspita Ryan Dwi , Yudhiantara Rully Agung
Published: April 2018

In Indonesian context, based on the observation, 5th grade elementary school students in Bandung Regency had low reading comprehension ability for informational text. This can be seen from their low ability to express explicit meanings, define the main idea, search for keywords and retell the contents of the text with their own words. Given this circumstance, it is necessary to improve task design using particular learning models to improve students’ reading comprehension ability. Therefore this study was aimed at investigating the effect of the use of task design based on Interactive-Compensatory model to improve reading comprehension of 5th grade. The study used quasi experimental method. It applied observation, pre-test, post-test and interview to collect data. There were 136 samples of 5th grade participating in this study. The findings showed that there was a significant influence since there was a difference in sudents’ reading comprehension ability to read informational text before and after they were treated using task design based on the Interactive-Compensatory model.
Dynamic Assessment in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory: Origins and Main Concepts
Authors: Daneshfar Samran , Moharami Mehdi
Published: April 2018

Language assessment is the significant component of foreign language learning/ teaching. An aim of language assessment is to find about how much the process of education improves learners’ knowledge of the target language. One alternative to standardized testing, Dynamic Assessment derived from Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory offers a new insight into the field of assessment through integrating instruction and assessment. Dynamic assessment is a method of conducting a language testing to investigate and highlight the individual learner's possessed skills and potential development. The present study is going to display an overview of the importance of dynamic assessment in L2 learning, emphasizing the origins and principal concepts involved in the process. The study highlights the derivation of dynamic assessment from Vygotsky’s prominent sociocultural theory. Then it brings about an introduction to zone of proximal development the concept of which learner's cognitive development results through the application of dynamic assessment. Later the study discusses dynamic assessment in detail and introduces its differences with the traditional testing formats as well as introducing forms of dynamic assessment.
From Differentiation of the Expressive Effects to Conscious Use of Rhetorical Language
Authors: Gu Yulan
Published: April 2018

The double predicate structures in English are examples of rhetorical use of language. The differentiation between the distinctive double predicate structure “verb + adjective” and the normal predicate structure “verb + adverb” and the subsequent choice in specific contexts is thus not only a matter of grammar rules on the surface, but, more substantively, a matter of conscious use of rhetorical language. The survey conducted among college English teachers in China into their differentiation between “verb + adjective” and “verb + adverb” showed that most respondents didn’t distinguish very well the differing expressive effects caused by the choice of the adjectives or the adjectives’ derivative adverbs in these two types of structures, and that the majority of the respondents had difficulty in making proper choices between them for specific contexts. Since the identification of a language structure is the prerequisite for its appropriate use, due attention in English teaching and learning should be paid to the delicate differences among similar language items and to their differing expressive effects to cultivate awareness and competence of conscious use of rhetorical language, enhancing overall language performance.
Vietnamese Voices: A Project for Activating Student Autonomy
Authors: Ly Nguyễn Ngọc Lưu
Published: April 2018

For foreign language education in Vietnam, passive teaching and learning with limited materials is thought to be associated with low achievement. This paper discusses the design and implementation of an innovative approach to guide students to build a Fun Reading Corner in foreign language using an autonomous-based approach in a Vietnam university. Survey data were collected before and after the project and from a focus group’s writing samples. The findings indicated that students’attitudes towards reading in French changed and their personal qualities and skills improved during the course. The paper concludes by explaining the significance of the results and implications for other Vietnamese foreign language programs.
The Cultural Factors in Postcolonial Theories and Applications
Authors: Wang Yufeng
Published: April 2018

This article focuses on the introduction of postcolonial theories and applications, aiming to stress the close relations between literature and cultural studies. The definitions of imperialism, colonialism, neocolonialism, and postcolonialism are discussed one by one in order to highlight the cultural factors of postcolonialism. Then Edward Said’s Orientalism, Gayatri Spivak’s subaltern voice, and Homi Bhabha’s hybridity are mentioned together with the cultural factors in their postcolonial theories. Finally the author takes George Bryon’s Don Juan, Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, and Vladimir Nabokov’s diasporic literature as specific samples for the three respective postcolonial theories, with the purpose to demonstrate the importance of cultural factors in literature studies.