bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking the therapeutic community outside in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jones Merryn , Howe Andrew John
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected psychotherapy practice. A common change is a move to online sessions over video calls. In their therapeutic community (TC) for those with personality disorders, the authors have used video calls but not all clients could work in this way. The authors decided to meet patients outside and walked with them while adhering to government guidelines. This study aims to present the authors’ experience with one client who was interviewed afterwards about the experience.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 10 walking therapy sessions of 60-min duration were conducted with the patient. After the sessions, both the patient and therapist were interviewed about their experience. The resulting interviews with both patient and therapist were thematically analysed independently by both authors.

Findings

There were common themes to both the client and therapist’s account following thematic analysis. These were: modelling and normalising in the real world, replacing what COVID-19 had taken away from the TC experience, changes at home, therapist disclosure, outcomes and good endings and being outside of the clinical environment.

Research limitations/implications

The authors have presented a single case of the patient and therapist experience of outdoor therapy sessions in a TC context response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings are not generalisable and can only provide a suggestion at the positive potential for working in this way. The authors hope that the positive effects of outdoor therapy noted here may inspire other clinicians to consider similar novel approaches in their work.

Originality/value

This study describes a novel way that a TC has adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Do not let it derail: the district head’s dilemma
Authors: Varma Harikrishnan Ramesh , Kakani Ram Kumar
Published: June 2021

Theoretical basis

The theoretical concepts and frameworks from the following literature are brought in to discuss the case situation. Freeman’s stakeholder framework, Yukl’s Influence Tactics, Johnson and Scholes’ Power-Interest Matrix Please see: Freeman, R. E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Pitman Publishing Inc. Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in Organizations. Prentice-Hall. Johnson, G. and Scholes, K. (1999). Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases. Prentice-Hall.

Research methodology

Information required for the case was primarily collected from Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussorie, India, where the newly recruited civil service officers (probationary trainees) of India are trained. The main protagonist, a senior officer in the Indian Administrative Services was interviewed by one of the authors. Secondary data from contemporary newspaper reports and government orders were also made use of.

Case overview/synopsis

Palakkad District Magistrate Gayathri Nair was tasked with acquiring 130 hectares of land for a government-sponsored public-private partnership project to set up a railway coach factory in Palakkad. After taking the landowners into confidence and fast-tracking the administrative process through the line departments, she successfully acquired 93 hectares of land for Phase I of the project. However, the intervention from local politicians and activists halted the next phase. Gayathri was pressured by her bosses to solve the standstill in four weeks. Unable to make the owners realize the benefits of the project, she witnessed a showdown between the agitating masses and the district administration. The entire episode is worsened by the partisan media coverage. The only options open to Gayathri, as the head of the district administration, are either to go ahead with forceful land acquisition and thereby, risk the wrath of the public or abandon the project and bury the months-long back-breaking teamwork. How could Gayathri handle the situation better? What steps could she take at various stages to ensure a balanced outcome for all the stakeholders in the project?

Complexity academic level

This case is applicable for the courses/sessions in training programmes for executives, and undergraduate courses related to project management, strategic management, leadership and public policy. It is also useful for courses and training programmes on stakeholder mapping and conflict management.
Genres of waiting: patronage, healthcare, and dyadic sovereignty in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Ansell Aaron
Published: June 2021

This article offers an ethnographic comparison of two genres of waiting for healthcare in Northeast Brazil in order to explain the persistence of patron‐client practices at a time when people otherwise reject patronage. The explanation turns on a recasting of patronage as a form of sovereignty whereby politicians and afflicted persons may choose to suspend the emerging rights‐based care regime in favour of older patronage‐based approaches to care. Motivating such decisions is the afflicted person's experience of the wait for rights‐based healthcare as a form of ‘bare life’, an experience they hope to escape.
Treatment of opioid dependence with depot buprenorphine (CAM2038) in custodial settings
Authors: Dunlop Adrian J. , White Bethany , Roberts Jillian , Cretikos Michelle , Attalla Dena , Ling Rod , Searles Andrew , Mackson Judith , Doyle Michael F. , McEntyre Elizabeth , Attia John , Oldmeadow Christopher , Howard Mark V. , Murrell Terry , Haber Paul Steven , Lintzeris Nicholas
Published: June 2021

Background and aims

Opioid agonist treatment is effective but resource intensive to administer safely in custodial settings, leading to significant under‐treatment of opioid dependence in these settings world‐wide. This study assessed the safety of subcutaneous slow‐release depot buprenorphine in custody.

Design

Open‐label, non‐randomized trial.

Setting

Correctional centres in New South Wales, Australia.

Participants

Sixty‐seven men and women, aged ≥ 18 years of various security classifications with a diagnosis of moderate to severe DSM‐5 opioid use disorder currently serving a custodial sentence of ≥ 6 months were recruited between November 2018 and July 2019. Patients not in opioid agonist treatment at recruitment commenced depot buprenorphine; patients already stable on oral methadone treatment were recruited to the comparison arm.

Intervention and comparator

Depot buprenorphine (CAM2038 weekly for 4 weeks then monthly) and daily oral methadone.

Measurements

Safety was assessed by adverse event (AE) monitoring and physical examinations at every visit. Participants were administered a survey assessing self‐reported diversion and substance use at baseline and weeks 4 and 16.

Findings

Retention in depot buprenorphine treatment was 92.3%. Ninety‐four per cent of patients reported at least one adverse event, typically mild and transient. No diversion was identified. The prevalence of self‐reported non‐prescribed opioid use among depot buprenorphine patients decreased significantly between baseline (97%) and week 16 (12%, odds ratio = 0.0035, 95% confidence interval = 0.0007–0.018, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

This first study of depot buprenorphine in custodial settings showed treatment retention and outcomes comparable to those observed in community settings and for other opioid agonist treatment used in custodial settings, without increased risk of diversion.
The kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn, Malvaceae) as a food source for native vertebrate species during times of resource scarcity and its potential for reforestation in Madagascar
Authors: Hending Daniel , Randrianarison Heriniaina , Holderied Marc , McCabe Grainne , Cotton Sam
Published: June 2021

Reforestation in Madagascar often relies on a few tree species with known properties. Species selection may consider aspects like human use, growth characteristics and animal use. Here, we investigated the use of the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) as a food source for vertebrates during the dry season in North West Madagascar. We observed 21 native vertebrate species (five lemurs, five bats and 11 birds) feed on or within C. pentandra during this period of low food availability, 48% of which are known seed dispersers. As a fast‐growing species, C. pentandra may therefore be suitable for inclusion in reforestation and forest restoration efforts to facilitate seed dispersal, natural forest regeneration and animal movement between adjacent forest fragments.
Efficacy and safety of blinatumomab: Post hoc pooled analysis in Asian adults with relapsed/refractory B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kobayashi Yukio , Oh Iekuni , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Lee Won‐Sik , Iida Hiroatsu , Minami Hironobu , Maeda Yoshinobu , Jang Jun Ho , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Yeh Su‐Peng , Tran Qui , Morris Joan , Franklin Janet , Kiyoi Hitoshi
Published: June 2021

Background

Global studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of blinatumomab—a BiTE® (bispecific T‐cell engager) targeted immuno‐oncology therapy that mediates the lysis of cells expressing CD19 in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL). Because limited data are available in Asian patients, we conducted a post hoc pooled analysis in 45 Asian adult patients with R/R ALL—19 from the blinatumomab arm of TOWER (NCT02013167) and 26 from Study 265, a phase 1b/2 study in Japanese adults (NCT02412306).

Methods

Patients received a maximum of two cycles of induction blinatumomab for 4 weeks by continuous intravenous infusion (cycle 1/week 1: 9 μg/day; cycle 1/weeks 2–4: 28 μg/day) followed by 2 weeks of no blinatumomab (each 6‐week cycle); patients received 28 μg/day blinatumomab in subsequent cycles.

Results

Twenty of 45 patients enrolled (44%) achieved complete remission with full or partial hematologic recovery compared with 44% in TOWER and 80% and 38% in phase 1b and phase 2, respectively, of Study 265. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) median overall survival was 11.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.9–17.1) and the KM median duration of relapse‐free survival was 8.9 months (95% CI, 3.8–10.7). Ninety‐three percent of patients had grade ≥ 3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) compared with 87% in TOWER and 80% and 100% in phase 1b and phase 2, respectively, of Study 265. Five patients (11.4%) had fatal AEs.

Conclusions

The safety and efficacy of blinatumomab in Asian patients were comparable with those reported in previous global studies with no new safety signals.
A multimodal quality improvement approach to promote normothermia in very preterm infants
Authors: Young Aneurin , Azeez Fameesh , Godad Santan Pawalu , Shetty Preethish , Sharma Alok
Published: June 2021

Aim

To achieve the National Neonatal Audit Programme (NNAP) standard of 90% normothermia among preterm infants born under 30 weeks of gestation.

Methods

Project SHIP (Stopping Hypothermia In Premmies) was a quality improvement programme to improve admission normothermia. Phase 1 of the project implemented low‐fidelity simulations during 2011–2016. In Phase 2 (2017), a multimodal approach to quality improvement was used, including in situ simulations, videos of simulated scenarios, an allocated team member for thermal care, a clear protocol for thermal care, a coordinating ‘lollipop man’ role and monthly performance feedback. Additionally, continuous temperature monitoring using servo‐control during stabilisation was introduced during Phase 2. Phase 3 (2018–2019) focused on embedding practice and maintaining performance.

Results

Phase 1 initiatives resulted in improvement of normothermia rates from 58% to 75%. However, the results plateaued. During Phase 2, the hypothermia rate fell from 16% to 3%. During Phase 3, this improvement in the hypothermia rate was sustained, achieving the standard of 90% normothermia in 2018 and falling just short in 2019 due to an increased hyperthermia rate.

Conclusion

A multimodal quality improvement approach achieved sustained improvement in normothermia. Continuous temperature monitoring during stabilisation allows resuscitating teams to plan interventions to treat hypothermia and hyperthermia.
The politics of identity: The unexpected role of political orientation on racial categorizations of Kamala Harris
Authors: Ma Debbie S. , Hohl Danita , Kantner Justin
Published: June 2021

The 2020 US Presidential election was historic in that it featured the first woman of color, Kamala Harris, on a major‐party ticket. Although Harris identifies as Black, her racial identity was widely scrutinized throughout the election, due to her mixed‐race ancestry. Moreover, media coverage of Harris's racial identity appeared to vary based on that news outlet's political leaning and sometimes had prejudicial undertones. The current research investigated racial categorization of Harris and the role that political orientation and anti‐Black prejudice might play in shaping these categorizations. Studies 1 and 2 tested the possibility that conservatives and liberals might mentally represent Harris differently, which we hypothesized would lead the two groups to differ in how they categorized her race. Contrary to our prediction, conservatives, and liberals mentally represented Harris similarly. Also surprising were the explicit racial categorization data. Conservatives labeled Harris as White more than liberals, who tended to categorize Harris as multiracial. This pattern was explained by anti‐Black prejudice. Study 3 examined a potential political motivation that might explain this finding. We found that conservatives, more than liberals, judge having a non‐White candidate on a Democratic ballot as an asset, which may lead conservatives to deny non‐White candidates these identities.
Inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and academic competence: Findings from three cohorts
Authors: Tan Tony Xing , Liu Yanhong , Damjanovic Victoria , Ledford Elyse , Li Gen , Li Yanzheng
Published: June 2021

Background

Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk for learning. Because ADHD commonly includes behaviours of inattention and behaviours of hyperactivity/impulsivity, how the two types of behaviours independently affect children’s academic competence remains poorly understood.

Aims

To investigate the impact of behaviours of inattention and behaviours of hyperactivity/impulsivity on Chinese students’ academic competence.

Samples

Parents of 167 preschoolers (Cohort 1), parents of 313 first graders (Cohort 2), and 1,003 high school students (Cohort 3).

Methods

The ADHD‐RS‐IV Preschool version (Cohort 1), ADHD‐RS‐IV Home version (Cohort 2), and BASC‐SRP (Cohort 3) were used to measure behaviours of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Academic competence was operationalized as school readiness (Cohort 1), math and language arts scores at two time points provided by school (Cohort 2), and self‐reported academic performance (Cohort 3). Multiple regressions were performed to investigate the relationship between academic performance and behaviours of inattention alone (Step 1), and behaviours of hyperactivity/impulsivity alone (Step 2), and behaviours of inattention together with behaviours of hyperactivity/impulsivity (Step 3).

Results

For each cohort, both types of behaviours were negatively correlated with academic competence. However, regression analyses showed that in Step 3, behaviours of hyperactivity/impulsivity either failed to predict academic competence or predicted better academic competence. Overall, behaviours of inattention alone accounted for a similar amount of variance in academic competence as did behaviours of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity combined.

Conclusions

Behaviours of inattention presented a risk for academic competence but the effect of behaviours of hyperactivity/impulsivity varied. Implications for instructional strategies for behaviours of inattention were discussed.
Towards a druggable epitranscriptome: Compounds that target RNA modifications in cancer
Authors: Berdasco María , Esteller Manel
Published: June 2021

Epitranscriptomics is an exciting emerging area that studies biochemical modifications of RNA. The field has been opened up by the technical efforts of the last decade to characterize and quantify RNA modifications, and this has led to a map of post‐transcriptional RNA marks in normal cell fate and development. However, the scientific interest has been fuelled by the discovery of aberrant epitranscriptomes associated with human diseases, mainly cancer. The challenge is now to see whether epitrancriptomics offers mechanisms that can be effectively targeted by low MW compounds and are thus druggable. In this review, we will describe the principal RNA modifications (with a focus on mRNA), summarize the latest scientific evidence of their dysregulation in cancer and provide an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art drug discovery to target the epitranscriptome. Finally, we will discuss the principal challenges in the field of chemical biology and drug development to increase the potential of targeted‐RNA for clinical benefit.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on New avenues in cancer prevention and treatment (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.12/issuetoc
Outcomes of 756 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and excellent response to treatment: An evidence‐based paradigm for long‐term surveillance strategies
Authors: Seejore Khyatisha , Mulla Omar , Gerrard Georgina E. , Gill Vanessa M. , Al‐Qaissi Ahmed , Moor James W. , Murray Robert D.
Published: June 2021

Background

The 2014 British Thyroid Association thyroid cancer guidelines recommend lifelong follow‐up of all thyroid cancer patients. This is probably unnecessary, particularly for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with an excellent response to treatment and places significant demand on health service resources.

Design

Single centre retrospective cohort analysis of patients diagnosed and treated at the Leeds Cancer Centre between 2001 and 2014.

Patients

A total of 756 patients were dynamically risk‐stratified (DRS) as having ‘excellent response to treatment’ after total thyroidectomy and radioiodineremnant ablation (RRA) for DTC.

Results

Median follow‐up was 11.2 (range: 6.5–18.5) years. Radiological recurrence occurred in 15/756 (2.0%) patients and was always preceded by a raised thyroglobulin or thyroglobulin antibody level. The vast majority of tumour recurrences (13/15, 85%) were identifiable within 5 years of diagnostic surgery. Patients classified as having high‐risk disease as per American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines had an almost threefold higher recurrence rate (2/34 [5.9%] vs. 13/722 [1.8%]) than those with ATA low‐risk or intermediate‐risk disease. Tumour histology subtype was a significant contributing factor, with Hürthle cell cancer having a worse prognosis than papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) (5/68 [7.4%] vs. 9/582 [1.5%]; relative risk: 4.76 [95% confidence interval: 1.64–13.8]).

Conclusions

The recurrence rate of DRS patients with excellent response to treatment is low. It is reasonable to consider discharge of ATA low‐risk or intermediate‐risk patients with PTC who remain disease‐free after 5 years of secondary care follow‐up. Lifelong follow‐up, however, currently remains the standard for subgroups at greater risk.
Noonan syndrome‐like phenotype in a patient with heterozygous ERF truncating variant
Authors: Yamada Mamiko , Funato Michinori , Kondo Goro , Suzuki Hisato , Uehara Tomoko , Takenouchi Toshiki , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Kosaki Kenjiro
Published: June 2021

Craniosynostosis is caused by abnormalities of multiple signaling pathways, including excessive RAS signaling. Recently, a truncating variant in ETS2 repressor factor (ERF), a negative transcriptional regulator of the RAS pathway, was shown to be associated with craniosynostosis. Here, we report a 10‐year‐old male patient with a heterozygous nonsense mutation, p.Arg183*, in ERF who exhibited craniosynostosis with Noonan syndrome‐like phenotypes. In consideration that loss‐of‐function variants in ERF would result in excessive RAS signaling and RASopathy phenotypes, we propose that ERF may represent a causative gene for Noonan syndrome. Since preceding studies on ERF mutations dealt with patients who were ascertained because of craniosynostosis, further studies are needed to evaluate whether patients with variants in ERF can present with Noonan syndrome‐like features without craniosynostosis.
Topography of Violence: Considerations for Ethical and Collaborative Visualization Design
Authors: Ehmel F. , Brüggemann V. , Dörk M.
Published: June 2021

Based on a collaborative visualization design process involving sensitive historical data and historiographical expertise, we investigate the relevance of ethical principles in visualization design. While fundamental ethical norms like truthfulness and accuracy are already well‐described and common goals in visualization design, datasets that are accompanied by specific ethical concerns need to be processed and visualized with an additional level of carefulness and thought. There has been little research on adequate visualization design incorporating such considerations. To address this gap we present insights from Topography of Violence, a visualization project with the Jewish Museum Berlin that focuses on a dataset of more than 4,500 acts of violence against Jews in Germany between 1930 and 1938. Drawing from the joint project, we develop an approach to the visualization of sensitive data, which features both conceptual and procedural considerations for visualization design. Our findings provide value for both visualization researchers and practitioners by highlighting challenges and opportunities for ethical data visualization.
Color Nameability Predicts Inference Accuracy in Spatial Visualizations
Authors: Reda Khairi , Salvi Amey A. , Gray Jack , Papka Michael E.
Published: June 2021

Color encoding is foundational to visualizing quantitative data. Guidelines for colormap design have traditionally emphasized perceptual principles, such as order and uniformity. However, colors also evoke cognitive and linguistic associations whose role in data interpretation remains underexplored. We study how two linguistic factors, name salience and name variation, affect people's ability to draw inferences from spatial visualizations. In two experiments, we found that participants are better at interpreting visualizations when viewing colors with more salient names (e.g., prototypical ‘blue’, ‘yellow’, and ‘red’ over ‘teal’, ‘beige’, and ‘maroon’). The effect was robust across four visualization types, but was more pronounced in continuous (e.g., smooth geographical maps) than in similar discrete representations (e.g., choropleths). Participants' accuracy also improved as the number of nameable colors increased, although the latter had a less robust effect. Our findings suggest that color nameability is an important design consideration for quantitative colormaps, and may even outweigh traditional perceptual metrics. In particular, we found that the linguistic associations of color are a better predictor of performance than the perceptual properties of those colors. We discuss the implications and outline research opportunities. The data and materials for this study are available athttps://osf.io/asb7n
What are Table Cartograms Good for Anyway? An Algebraic Analysis
Authors: McNutt A.
Published: June 2021

Unfamiliar or esoteric visual forms arise in many areas of visualization. While such forms can be intriguing, it can be unclear how to make effective use of them without long periods of practice or costly user studies. In this work we analyze the table cartogram—a graphic which visualizes tabular data by bringing the areas of a grid of quadrilaterals into correspondence with the input data, like a heat map that has been “area‐ed” rather than colored. Despite having existed for several years, little is known about its appropriate usage. We mend this gap by using Algebraic Visualization Design to show that they are best suited to relatively small tables with ordinal axes for some comparison and outlier identification tasks. In doing so we demonstrate a discount theory‐based analysis that can be used to cheaply determine best practices for unknown visualizations.
A novel approach for exploring annotated data with interactive lenses
Authors: Bettio F. , Ahsan M. , Marton F. , Gobbetti E.
Published: June 2021

We introduce a novel approach for assisting users in exploring 2D data representations with an interactive lens. Focus‐and‐context exploration is supported by translating user actions to the joint adjustments in camera and lens parameters that ensure a good placement and sizing of the lens within the view. This general approach, implemented using standard device mappings, overcomes the limitations of current solutions, which force users to continuously switch from lens positioning and scaling to view panning and zooming. Navigation is further assisted by exploiting data annotations. In addition to traditional visual markups and information links, we associate to each annotation a lens configuration that highlights the region of interest. During interaction, an assisting controller determines the next best lens in the database based on the current view and lens parameters and the navigation history. Then, the controller interactively guides the user's lens towards the selected target and displays its annotation markup. As only one annotation markup is displayed at a time, clutter is reduced. Moreover, in addition to guidance, the navigation can also be automated to create a tour through the data. While our methods are generally applicable to general 2D visualization, we have implemented them for the exploration of stratigraphic relightable models. The capabilities of our approach are demonstrated in cultural heritage use cases. A user study has been performed in order to validate our approach.
No immediate effect of regulatory reduction of chromium in leather among adult patients with chromium allergy
Authors: Alinaghi Farzad , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D.
Published: June 2021

Background

In March 2014, the European Commission issued a new regulation restricting the content of hexavalent chromium (Cr) in leather to no more than 3 mg/kg. We previously performed a questionnaire study in January 2014 to characterize our patients with Cr contact allergy prior to regulatory intervention.

Objectives

To assess whether clinical characteristics, self‐reported sources of Cr exposure, and burden of disease changed in patients with Cr allergy over time.

Methods

A questionnaire study was performed among 172 adult dermatitis patients with Cr allergy and 587 age‐ and sex‐matched dermatitis patients without Cr allergy. A questionnaire was sent to all dermatitis patients patch tested from 2003 to 2018 in August 2019.

Results

The overall response rate was 61.2% (759/1241). Patients with Cr allergy were still more commonly affected by current foot dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07‐7.08) and hand dermatitis (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.13‐3.49) compared with controls diagnosed during 2013 to 2018. The proportion of patients with Cr allergy reporting dermatitis caused by leather exposure did not change during 2003 to 2012 vs 2013 to 2018 (71.0% vs 66.2%, P = .5). Furthermore, estimates on occupational performance and disease severity (eg, current dermatitis), number of anatomical locations with dermatitis, worst‐case dermatitis, and effect on work were similar in patients with Cr allergy for 2003 to 2012 vs 2013 to 2018.

Conclusion

No immediate sign of improvement was found in patients with Cr allergy concerning severity of disease and dermatitis from leather exposures 5 years after adoption of the regulation against hexavalent Cr in leather. The regulation may have to be revised for better protection of those already sensitized.
Randomized controlled trial of a quadratus lumborum block with liposomal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Authors: Gritsch Hans Albin , Osbun Nathan , Grogan Tristan , Fero Katherine E. , Partownavid Parisa , Stockman Joel , Sadoughi Namjeh , Park Edward , Miller Eric , Blumberg Jeremy , McDonald Michelle , Cowan Nicholas , Shah Nikhil , Rahman Siamak
Published: June 2021

Perioperative pain management is an important consideration in early recovery and patient satisfaction following laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Transmuscular quadratus lumborum block has been described to reduce pain and opioid usage following several abdominal surgeries. In this prospective single‐blind randomized controlled trial, we compared 52 patients who adhered to our institutional donor nephrectomy Early Recovery After Surgery pathway, which includes a laparoscopic‐guided transversus abdominus plane block, to 40 patients who additionally received a transmuscular quadratus lumborum block with liposomal bupivacaine. Compared to control patients, those who received the block spent longer in the operating room prior to the surgical start (65.4 vs. 51.6 min, P < .001). Both groups had similar total hospital length of stay (33.3 h vs. 34.4 h, P = .61). Pain scores from postoperative days 0–30, number of patients requiring opioids, postoperative nausea, and pain management satisfaction were similar between both groups. Patients who received the block consumed less opioid on postoperative day 1 compared to controls (P = .006). No complications were attributable to the block. The quadratus lumborum block provides a safe pain management adjunct for some patients, and may reduce opioid use in the early postoperative period when combined with our standard institutional protocol for kidney donors.
Fecal incontinence and oral regurgitation during duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection using the water pressure method
Authors: Takada Yoshihisa , Hirose Takashi , Nishida Kazuki , Kakushima Naomi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Furune Satoshi , Ishikawa Eri , Sawada Tsunaki , Maeda Keiko , Yamamura Takeshi , Ishikawa Takuya , Ohno Eizaburo , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Kawashima Hiroki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the duodenum is challenging. The water pressure method (WP‐ESD) has been developed with a decreased rate of perforation. However, details of perioperative adverse events of WP‐ESD are unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequency and related factors of fecal incontinence and oral regurgitation during WP‐ESD.

Methods

A chart‐based retrospective analysis was performed on 43 patients who underwent duodenal WP‐ESD. The saline volume given into the body was calculated in all cases. All adverse events during WP‐ESD until 6 weeks were extracted, and factors related to intraoperative fecal incontinence or oral regurgitation were analyzed. The frequency of fecal incontinence and oral regurgitation was also compared to those of 83 conventional ESD cases.

Results

In WP‐ESD, intraoperative fecal incontinence occurred in 12 (28%), oral regurgitation in six (14%), and aspiration pneumonia in one patient. For fecal incontinence, the infusion speed (saline volume divided by resection time) around 17 mL/min was a significant factor in multivariable analysis. For oral regurgitation, only tumor size was a significant factor in univariate analysis (P = 0.027). Significant difference was observed in the frequency of fecal incontinence between WP‐ESD and conventional ESD (28% vs. 0%, P < 0.001), but no difference was observed in oral regurgitation or aspiration pneumonia.

Conclusions

Intraoperative fecal incontinence is a unique adverse event of WP‐ESD related to the infusion speed. WP‐ESD did not pose a risk for oral regurgitation, but we should be aware of the risk in large tumor cases.
Prognostic parameters of in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 patients—An Italian experience
Authors: Ruscica Massimiliano , Macchi Chiara , Iodice Simona , Tersalvi Gregorio , Rota Irene , Ghidini Simone , Terranova Leonardo , Valenti Luca , Amati Francesco , Aliberti Stefano , Corsini Alberto , Blasi Francesco , Carugo Stefano , Bollati Valentina , Vicenzi Marco
Published: June 2021

Background

During COVID‐19 outbreak, Italy was the first country in Europe to be heavily affected with an intensive care unit mortality of 26%. In order to reduce this percentage, physicians should establish clear and objective criteria to stratify COVID‐19 patients at high risk of in‐hospital death. Thus, the aim has been to test a large spectrum of variables ranging from clinical evaluation to laboratory biomarkers to identify which parameter would best predict all‐cause in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 patients.

Design

observational study.

Results

Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that each 5 years of increase in age corresponded to a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.28 (95% CI 1.00‐1.65, P = .050); each increment of 803 ng/L of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) corresponded to a HR of 1.24 (95% CI 1.11‐1.39, P < .001); each increment of 58 ng/L of interleukin (IL)‐6 corresponded to a HR of 1.23 (95% CI 1.09‐1.40, P < .001), and each increment of 250 U/L of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) corresponded to a HR of 1.23 (95% CI 1.10‐1.37, P < .001). According to the calculated cut‐points for age (≥70 years), NT‐proBNP (≥803 ng/L), IL‐6 (≥58 ng/L) and LDH (≥371 U/L) when 2 out of these 4 were overcome, the HR was 2.96 (95% CI 1.97‐4.45, P < .001).

Conclusion

In COVID‐19 patients, besides age, the evaluation of three biochemical parameters, available in few hours after hospital admission can predict in‐hospital mortality regardless of other comorbidities.
Distancing animal death: Geographies of killing and making killable
Authors: Mazhary Hibba
Published: June 2021

At the intersection of death geographies and animal geographies, the topic of animal death offers crucial insights for how we understand death and how we define human/nonhuman boundaries. This review piece brings rich discussions of animal death across anthropology, critical animal studies and the environmental humanities into conversation with work in geography. This article takes a two‐pronged approach; first, in recognition of the intensely spatial nature of death, this article explores where animal death takes place. This section observes how spaces of animal death are physically concealed and how this spatial distancing is aided by verbal concealment and dismemberment of the animal body, as well as how justifications for killing are organised along spatial lines. This helps to make animals killable in these spaces. The second section focuses on who is killed and made killable as well as who kills. The degree of being killable or grievable is highly uneven amongst animals, as it is amongst humans. Moreover, those individuals who routinely inflict animal death are subject to discrimination and vulnerability due to this proximity. Finally, the article concludes with reflections on what the topic of animal death can contribute to the death geographies and animal geographies literatures, and how we can move towards more animal‐centric approaches to animal death.
The β‐chain mutation p.Trp433Stop impairs fibrinogen secretion: A novel nonsense mutation associated with hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: Yan Jie , Wu Yangyang , Liao Lin , Xiang Liqun , Qiu Yuling , Lin Faquan
Published: June 2021

Background

Congenital hypofibrinogenemia is characterized by proportional decreases in fibrinogen activity and immunoreactive fibrinogen levels. Here, we describe a new case with the bleeding risk identified in our hospital.

Methods

The proband was cut and bled for 3 h. Coagulation testing, gene analysis, thrombelastogram, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), in vitro plasmid construction, and functional analyses were performed to explore the pathogenic mechanism.

Results

Coagulation testing of the male proband revealed low levels of fibrinogen detected by two methods (the Clauss method and the PT‐derived method); his two sons had normal coagulation results. DNA sequencing of the proband revealed a heterozygous point mutation in exon 8 of the FGB gene causing Trp→Stop substitution and a polymorphic site (p.Leu92Phe). Human Trp433 was found to be highly conserved. SDS‐PAGE showed that the fibrinogen level of the proband was markedly lower than that of healthy controls. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, a mutated Bβ chain was not detected in circulation. In vitro expression analyses indicated that the mutation affected the secretion of fibrinogen. The TEG results indicated that the proband had a prolonged K time, a lower CI value, and a lower angle value.

Conclusion

We report a new case with a novel nonsense mutation that resulted in hypofibrinogenemia. The results indicate that the nonsense mutation may cause misfolding of the D domain, which then affects the secretion of fibrinogen.
Associations between weight status, body satisfaction, ethnic identity and self‐esteem in Oceanian adolescents
Authors: Frayon Stéphane , Swami Viren , Wattelez Guillaume , Todd Jennifer , Galy Olivier
Published: June 2021

Background

Self‐esteem has consistently been observed to be relatively low in adolescents with obesity. In the Pacific region, the prevalence of obesity in adolescence is high, but few studies have considered issues of self‐esteem in this population.

Objective

To examine associations between weight status, body dissatisfaction and self‐esteem in a sample of New Caledonian adolescents and to test for moderation effects of ethnicity on predictors of self‐esteem.

Methods

Objective anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist circumference and thickness of skinfolds) were obtained in a multi‐ethnic sample of New Caledonian adolescents. Body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐height ratio and the sum of four skinfolds thickness were used as proxies of weight status. Indices of ethnic identity, self‐esteem, socio‐demographic data (socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, urbanicity of residence) and body dissatisfaction were obtained using survey methods.

Results

Between‐group analyses indicated that adolescents of European/white origin had significantly higher self‐esteem than adolescents with Oceanian Non‐European Non‐Asian ancestry (ONENA). However, low self‐esteem was significantly associated with weight status and body dissatisfactions in European/white adolescents but not ONENA adolescents. Ethnicity moderated the relationships of predictors (BMI z‐score, body dissatisfaction, age, urbanicity and ethnic identity) on self‐esteem, and the strongest predictors of self‐esteem were ethnicity and ethnic identity.

Conclusions

While self‐esteem has important consequences for adolescent well‐being and health outcomes, these results highlight the importance of applying different steps to develop and maintain healthy self‐esteem in the Pacific region.
A parent gesture intervention as a means to increase parent declarative pointing and child vocabulary
Authors: Choi Boin , Rowe Meredith L.
Published: June 2021

This study examined whether a brief parent gesture training resulted in a change in the communicative intent of pointing gestures used by parents of infants from age 10–12 months and whether specific types of points (declarative vs. imperative) were more or less likely to predict later child language skill at 18 months. Compared to parents who were randomized to the control group, parents in the intervention group produced significantly more declarative pointing gestures as a result of the intervention. Moreover, parents’ use of declarative points at 12 months was predictive of later child vocabulary comprehension at 18 months. These findings suggest that a short‐term parent training can have important effects on the communicative intentions conveyed through gesture which predict vocabulary development.
Variation in quinoa roots growth responses to drought stresses
Authors: Nguyen Loc Van , Bertero Daniel , Hoang Dinh Thai , Long Nguyen Viet
Published: June 2021

Soil moisture stress has become a serious environmental limitation to crop productivity and quality. The root system is the first organ sensing the changes in soil moisture; therefore, root development under water deficit is an important indicator for plant's drought tolerance. Previous studies focused on quinoa varietal differences in morphological traits under water stress; however, variation in root development including both growth and diameter responses to drought remains largely unclear. We conducted a preliminary screening of a diverse set of 30 quinoa genotypes to evaluate genetic variation in growth and yield performance in response to drought stress. Variation in drought tolerance indices showed large variation across the quinoa collection. Based on these results, five genotypes representative of a range of drought tolerance levels including 2‐Want, Atlas, NL‐6, Pichamán and Sayaña were selected to evaluate root development under control and severe drought conditions. Inhibition of root development was found for all genotypes as compared to controls; however, significant variation in root growth response to drought stress was observed. Among genotypes, Atlas and 2‐Want expressed drought‐tolerant phenotypes. The analysis of the interrelations between genotypes root length, root diameter, root surface area, drought tolerance and geographical origins reveals interesting guidelines for further studies to explore the mechanisms behind quinoa roots adaptation to drought.
Comparison of psychological states and oral health–related quality of life of patients with differing severity of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Zhang Min‐Juan , Cao Ye , Lei Jie , Fu Kai‐Yuan
Published: June 2021

Background

Studies on temporomandibular disorder (TMD) severity in patient populations are scarce.

Objectives

This study sought to compare the psychological states and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients with differing TMD severity.

Methods

Adult patients (≥18 years old) with and without (controls) TMDs were recruited from the TMD/oro‐facial pain centre and prosthodontics department, respectively. The presence and severity of TMDs were established with the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), and TMD diagnoses were confirmed with the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD). Psychological states and OHRQoL were examined with the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales‐21 (DASS‐21) and Oral Health Impact Profile for TMDs (OHIP‐TMD). Data were subjected to chi‐square, Kruskal‐Wallis/Mann‐Whitney U tests and Spearman's correlation (α = .05).

Results

A total of 961 participants with a mean age of 32.99 ± 13.14 years (71.19% women) were assessed. Frequencies of the various TMD categories were as follows: no TMD/controls (12.07%), mild TMD (24.56%), moderate TMD (40.37%) and severe TMD (23.00%). The three most common TMD‐related symptoms were TMJ noises, mouth opening difficulty and muscle pain. Participants with moderate/severe TMD presented a higher proportion of intra‐articular and/or combined disorders. They reported significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress and poorer OHRQoL than their counterparts with no/mild TMD (p < .001). Moderate‐to‐strong correlations were observed between FAI and DASS‐21/OHIP‐TMD scores (rs = 0.42–0.72).

Conclusions

Patients with moderate/severe TMD had significantly higher levels of psychological disturbance and poorer OHRQoL. As OHRQoL and psychological states are correlated, psychological well‐being must be considered when managing patients with moderate/severe TMDs.
Quality of reporting of clinical trials in dogs and cats: An update
Authors: Sargeant Jan M. , Plishka Mikayla , Ruple Audrey , Selmic Laura E. , Totton Sarah C. , Vriezen Ellen R.
Published: June 2021

Background

Comprehensive reporting of clinical trials is essential to allow the trial reader to evaluate the methodological rigor of the trial and interpret the results. Since publication of the updated Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines for reporting of parallel clinical trials in humans, extensions for reporting of abstracts and crossover trials have been published.

Objectives

To describe the types of trials using dogs and cats published from 2015 to 2020 and to evaluate the quality of reporting of a sample of recently published parallel and crossover trials.

Animals

None.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted to identify parallel or crossover design clinical trials using dogs and cats published from January 1, 2015 onwards. Quality of reporting was evaluated on a subset of trials published during 2019. The reporting of items recommended in the CONSORT reporting guidelines for abstracts, parallel trials, and crossover trials was evaluated independently by 2 reviewers using standardized forms created for this study. Disagreements among reviewers were resolved by consensus. Results were tabulated descriptively.

Results

The frequency of reporting of trial features varied from low to high. There remain deficiencies in the quality of reporting of key methodological features and information needed to evaluate and interpret trial results.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

There is still a need for authors, peer‐reviewers, and editors to follow reporting guidelines such as CONSORT to maximize the value of clinical trials and to increase confidence in the validity of the trial results.
Paths to computational fluency for natural resource educators, researchers, and managers
Authors: Erickson Richard A. , Burnett Jessica L. , Wiltermuth Mark T. , Bulliner Edward A. , Hsu Leslie
Published: June 2021

Natural resource management and supporting research teams need computational fluency in the data and model‐rich 21st century. Computational fluency describes the ability of practitioners and scientists to conduct research and represent natural systems within the computer's environment. Advancement in information synthesis for natural resource management requires more sophisticated computational approaches, as well as reproducible, reusable, extensible, and transferable methods. Despite this importance, many new and current natural resource practitioners lack computational fluency and no common set of recommended resources and practices exist for learning these skills. Broadly, attaining computational fluency entails moving beyond the simple use of computers to applying sound computational principles and methods and including computational experts (such as computer scientists) on research teams. Our path for computational fluency includes using open‐source tools when possible; reproducible data management, statistics, and modeling; understanding and applying the benefits of basic computer programming to carry out more complex procedures; tracking code with version control; working in controlled computer environments; and using advanced computing resources.

Considerations for Resource Managers

Natural resource management increasingly uses computer‐generated results to inform and guide decision making. Open science requires that these data and software be reproducible. In turn, open science promotes computational fluency among natural resource managers, researchers, and educators.

Based upon our experiences and perspectives working to support natural resource professionals, many natural resource managers would like to attain computationally fluency, yet lack formal training.

We provide a path to computational fluency that emphasizes: using open‐source tools when possible; reproducible data management, statistics, and modeling; understanding and applying the basic computer programming philosophy to carry out both simple and more complex procedures; tracking code with version control; working in controlled computer environments; and using advanced computing resources.

Natural resource managers, educators, and researchers can use their computationally fluency skills to promote open science in their own work.