bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on pedodiversity and spatial subset representativity—the German soil map 1:1,000,000
Authors: Behrens Thorsten , Schneider Oliver , Lösel Georg , Scholten Thomas , Hennings Volker , Felix‐Henningsen Peter , Hartwich Reinhard
Published: January 2009

Knowledge about spatial soil variation in terms of measured pedodiversity, as well as the spatial distribution of soils in terms of spatial subset representativity, offers the possibility to estimate the quality and variance within a soil map. Additionally, it can help to identify representative sample locations. Demonstrated at the German soil map at a scale of 1:1,000,000, this study describes a methodology to analyze the distribution of taxonomical pedodiversity using the Simpson index and a new approach to derive representative spatial subsets based on a modified χ2‐test (χm2), which can be used as monitoring areas. To analyze the spatial composition of the soil map and to detect differences in the underlying mapping schemes of the German soil map 1:1,000,000, three different spatial data structures were studied: (1) the entire soil map, (2) the soil map segmented into geomorphological regions, and (3) the soil map segmented into the Federal States of Germany. Representative patches of varying sizes were statistically derived for all spatial subsets as well as the entire soil map ranging from 20 km × 20 km up to 70 km × 70 km. The results show that the measured pedodiversity is linked to both the geomorphology as well as the political borders of the Federal States. On the one hand, this reveals the uncertainty of measuring pedodiversity on the basis of soil‐class maps as the spatial representation of pedodiversity is influenced by the different mapping traditions and methods applied in the 16 Federal States of Germany. On the other hand, it allows the analysis of the aggregation schemes of different landscapes. The presented approach helps to understand large soilscapes and to compare different soil maps of different states and countries as well as to enhance the soil map with additional information. Furthermore, the representative patches can be used to select soil‐monitoring areas.
Blossom‐end rot and fruit cracking of tomato grown in net‐covered greenhouses in Central Thailand can partly be corrected by calcium and boron sprays
Authors: Liebisch Frank , Max Johannes F. J. , Heine Gregor , Horst Walter J.
Published: January 2009

Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars King Kong 2 (KK2) and FMTT 260 (FMTT) were grown in a net‐covered greenhouse in Central Thailand to investigate the influence of fruit applications of combined aqueous calcium (Ca) and boron (B) solutions amended or not with the tenside Glucopon® on fruit yield and quality. Special attention was paid on blossom‐end rot (BER) and fruit cracking (FC), two prevailing disorders in tomato and main causes for non‐marketability of tomato fruits under the conditions of protected cultivation in Central Thailand. While no effect of the additional Ca and B applications on total fruit yield was observed, the composition of the non‐marketable fraction of fruit yield differed significantly between treatments and cultivars. Cultivar KK2 proved to be highly susceptible to both BER and FC and, therefore, produced less marketable fruits than cv. FMTT. The Ca and B sprays decreased the incidence of BER but increased FC at the same time. Addition of the tenside Glucopon® to the Ca and B solutions did not yield any further advantage. The contrasting effect of the Ca and B sprays on BER and FC resulted in similar levels of non‐marketable fruit yield in the treatments with or without the sprays for both cultivars. The nutrient status in different fruit segments was surveyed during fruit development. The Ca concentration in the distal end of the fruit during the time of rapid fruit growth was correlated with the BER incidence in mature fruits. Since additional Ca and B sprays are labor‐intensive and did not significantly reduce the portion of non‐marketable fruits, the selection of cultivars insusceptible to BER and FC appears to be of highest priority when conditions favoring these disorders are to be expected. This is particularly true for protected cultivation in Central Thailand.
The mission of soil science in a changing world
Authors: Hillel Daniel
Published: January 2009

The soil is a vital, complex, and labile medium. To manage it effectively and sustainably, we must strive to understand its attributes, functions, and environmental interactions. Toward this holistic end, we need to overcome traditional disciplinary and institutional barriers so as to promote interdisciplinary cooperation among teams of scientists with different but mutually complementary specialties. Herein, we provide an historical and cultural review of the evolving relationship between humanity and the soil.
Field experiments on bioturbation in salt marshes (Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge, Smyrna, DE, USA): implications for sea‐level studies
Authors: Leorri Eduardo , Martin Ronald E. , Horton Benjamin P.
Published: January 2009

The suitability of marsh sites for sea‐level studies was examined based on field experiments along a transect from low to high marsh. Bead distributions were determined both seasonally and after 7 years. Seasonal sediment mixing was greatest in the low marsh and in the late spring and early summer, when biological activity is greatest. However, after an initial interval of relatively intense reworking, the bead concentrations reached an approximate equilibrium profile characteristic of each marsh environment as reflected by the profiles obtained after 7 years. Mixed‐layer thickness is greatest (>10 cm) in the intermediate and low marsh, and burial rates are rapid (3.7–11.1 mm yr−1). Moreover, burial rates are comparable to or even surpass longer‐term (30 to >150 yr) radiotracer‐derived sediment accumulation rates and rates of local and regional sea‐level rise (∼4 mm yr−1). Therefore, sediment accumulation rates appear to reflect primarily sediment resuspension/redeposition within the system due to bioturbation. Thus, bioturbation may be critical to the ability of marshes to keep pace with sea level, while seemingly precluding the use of low marsh for high‐resolution sea‐level studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Minolta colorimeter and machine vision system in measuring colour of irradiated Atlantic salmon
Authors: Yagiz Yavuz , Balaban Murat O , Kristinsson Hordur G , Welt Bruce A , Marshall Maurice R
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND: Minolta and machine vision are two different instrumental techniques used for measuring the colour of muscle food products. Between these two techniques, machine vision has many advantages, such as its ability to determine L*, a*, b* values for each pixel of a sample's image and to analyse the entire surface of a food regardless of surface uniformity and colour variation. The objective of this study was to measure the colour of irradiated Atlantic salmon fillets using a hand‐held Minolta colorimeter and a machine vision system and to compare their performance.

RESULTS: The L*, a*, b* values of Atlantic salmon fillets subjected to different electron beam doses (0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 kGy) were measured using a Minolta CR‐200 Chroma Meter and a machine vision system. For both Minolta and machine vision the L* value increased and the a* and b* values decreased with increasing irradiation dose. However, the machine vision system showed significantly higher readings for L*, a*, b* values than the Minolta colorimeter. Because of this difference, colours that were actually measured by the two instruments were illustrated for visual comparison. Minolta readings resulted in a purplish colour based on average L*, a*, b* values, while machine vision readings resulted in an orange colour, which was expected for Atlantic salmon fillets.

CONCLUSION: The Minolta colorimeter and the machine vision system were very close in reading the standard red plate with known L*, a*, b* values. Hence some caution is recommended in reporting colour values measured by Minolta, even when the ‘reference’ tiles are measured correctly. The reason for this discrepancy in colour readings for salmon is not known and needs further investigation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensitive determination of phenols in environmental water samples with SPE packed with bamboo carbon prior to HPLC
Authors: Zhao Ru‐Song , Wang Xia , Yuan Jin‐Peng , Wang Xiao‐Dong
Published: January 2009

Bamboo carbon, an inexpensive, readily available material, has attracted great attention in recent years because of adsorptive properties. In this paper, the potential of bamboo carbon as a SPE adsorbent for the determination of phenols, was investigated. Phenols are important environmental contaminants that may adversely affect human health. Parameters influencing extraction efficiency, including type of eluent, eluent volume, amount of adsorbent, as well as sample pH, volume, and flow rate were investigated and optimized. The optimized results exhibited excellent linear relationships between peak area and phenol concentrations over the range of 2.0–100 ng/mL, with precision between 2.2–7.2%. The LODs were 0.06–0.4 ng/mL for the eight phenols tested. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of several real‐world environmental water samples. These results indicate that bamboo carbon may be used as a novel SPE adsorbent for the concentration and determination of phenols in real environmental water samples.
Comparative Study of the Solid–Liquid Interface Behavior of Amphiphilic Block and Block‐Like Copolymers
Authors: Bulychev Nikolay , Van Camp Wim , Dervaux Bart , Kirilina Yulia , Dirnberger Klaus , Zubov Vitali , Prez Filip E. Du , Eisenbach Claus D.
Published: January 2009

Amphiphilic block and “block‐like” copolymers based on poly(isobornyl acrylate) and poly(acrylic acid) were used as stabilizers for hydrophilic (titanium dioxide) and hydrophobic (copper phthalocyanine) pigments. As reflected by the dispersion stabilities and electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) measurements, the molecular architecture of the copolymer is of great importance for its interaction with the pigment surface. It was observed that irrespective of polymer composition, block‐like copolymers exhibit lower stabilization ability and quite different adsorption behavior in comparison to block copolymers with sharp block boundaries. Models for the adsorption behavior of both block and block‐like copolymers are proposed.

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Self‐Assembled Block Copolymer Aggregates: From Micelles to Vesicles and their Biological Applications
Authors: Blanazs Adam , Armes Steven P. , Ryan Anthony J.
Published: January 2009

The ability of amphiphilic block copolymers to self‐assemble in selective solvents has been widely studied in academia and utilized for various commercial products. The self‐assembled polymer vesicle is at the forefront of this nanotechnological revolution with seemingly endless possible uses, ranging from biomedical to nanometer‐scale enzymatic reactors. This review is focused on the inherent advantages in using polymer vesicles over their small molecule lipid counterparts and the potential applications in biology for both drug delivery and synthetic cellular reactors.

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RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization Kinetics, 1 – Polymerization Rate
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka
Published: January 2009

The polymerization kinetics of a RAFT‐mediated radical polymerization inside submicron particles (30 < Dp < 300 nm) is considered. When the time fraction of active radical period, ϕA, is larger than ca. 1%, the polymerization rate increases with reducing particle size, as for the cases of conventional emulsion polymerization. The rate retardation by the addition of RAFT agent occurs with or without intermediate termination in zero‐one systems. For the particles with Dp < 100 nm, the statistical variation of monomer concentration among particles may not be neglected. It was found that this monomer‐concentration‐variation (MCV) effect may slow down the polymerization rate. An analytical expression describing the MCV effect is proposed, which is valid for both RAFT and conventional miniemulsion polymerizations.

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Noncontact heartbeat detection at 2.4, 5.8, and 60 GHz: A comparative study
Authors: Obeid Dany , Sadek Sawsan , Zaharia Gheorghe , Zein Ghaïs El
Published: January 2009

The aim of this work is to provide two new schemes for human noninvasive heartbeat activity monitoring using low power microwave noncontact systems and direct conversion architecture. The first system is tested at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequencies. Another system, operating at 60 GHz, is demonstrated where higher heartbeat sensitivity detection is achieved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 666–669, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24110
Design of dielectric immersed tapered slotline antenna for radar‐based microwave breast imaging
Authors: Shenouda Maged H. , Fear Elise C.
Published: January 2009

An ultra‐wideband, dielectric‐immersed antenna has been developed for a breast tumor detection system. The antenna is a tapered slotline that operates in a low permittivity dielectric. The sensor is fed by an ultra‐wideband microstrip‐to‐slotline balun. Simulations of the balun and the tapered profile demonstrate that reflection coefficient bandwidth of each structure spans 2–12 GHz. The antenna and balun are implemented with a photolithography process, and good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured results for the entire structure. To evaluate the suitability of the antenna for the intended application, measurements are performed with a variety of objects placed in a homogeneous background. Detection and location of the objects are explored. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 633–638, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24112
A miniaturized dual‐mode zeroth‐order ring bandpass filter with one left‐handed unit and a capacitive stub
Authors: Wu Lin‐Sheng , Zhou Xi‐Lang , Yin Wen‐Yan , Niu Jia‐Xiao
Published: January 2009

A novel miniaturized dual‐mode ring bandpass filter is presented. By using only one resonant‐type left‐handed unit with complementary split ring resonator to combine with a microstrip line, the ring configuration provides two orthogonal zeroth‐order resonance modes and its occupied area can be reduced by 82% when compared with the conventional one. A capacitive stub is also introduced to control the transmission zero frequencies. The spurious suppression characteristics is also improved. The filter performances are demonstrated by our measured results, with good agreement when compared with the simulated ones. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 603–607, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24113
Right‐ and left‐handed transmission line resonators and filters for dual‐band applications
Authors: Kapitanova Polina , Kholodnyak Dmitry , Humbla Stefan , Perrone Ruben , Mueller Jens , Hein Matthias A. , Vendik Irina
Published: January 2009

The combination of right‐handed and left‐handed transmission line sections enables a novel design strategy for miniature dual‐band resonators and filters in the GHz‐range with a wide stopband at higher frequencies. The design procedure is described, and experimental results for five ceramic multilayer samples of two different designs are presented. All measured data agree well with the results of the electromagnetic simulations and display a high reproducibility of the low‐cost technology used for the implementation of the devices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 629–633, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24117
60‐GHz bandpass filter with ACMRC resonator fabricated using 0.18‐μm CMOS technology
Authors: Liu Chia‐Hsieh , Hsu Cheng‐Ying , Chen Chu‐Yu , Chuang Huey‐Ru
Published: January 2009

This article presents design and implementation of a 60‐GHz millimeter‐ wave on‐chip bandpass filter using a 0.18‐μm standard CMOS process. The asymmetric compact microstrip resonator cell structure is used to design the filter with two transmission zeros. The input and output capacitors using multilayer coupling are added to create the passband. The die size of the chip is 0.85 × 0.64 mm2. The filter has a 3‐dB bandwidth of about 15 GHz at the center frequency of 64 GHz. The measured insertion loss of the center‐frequency is about 3.9 dB and the return loss is better than 10 dB within passband. The designed on‐chip filter is useful for the integrated design of the 60‐GHz CMOS single‐chip RF transceiver. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 597–600, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24119
Analysis of symmetrically notch loaded stacked disk patch antenna for wideband application
Authors: Ansari J. A. , Singh Prabhakar , Dubey Satya Kesh , Khan R. U. , Vishvakarma Babau R.
Published: January 2009

In this article, the analysis of a symmetrically notch loaded stacked circular disk patch antenna is carried out. It is found that the bandwidth of notch loaded disk antenna depends directly on the notch dimensions. Bandwidth of the notch loaded patch is found to be 27.89%. Stacking of the patch with parasitic element further improves the bandwidth to 43.56%. Theoretical results are compared with simulated results using IE3D, which are in close agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 653–659, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24122
Three channels optical transmission based on polarization multiplexing technique
Authors: Perlicki K.
Published: January 2009

A method of multiplexing and demultiplexing three polarization optical channels to triple the capacity in the optical fiber links is proposed and experimentally implemented. Presented transmission system allows to receive each polarization channel at any receiver arm by a simple alignment of the polarization analyzer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 626–627, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24123
Wide‐band CPW‐fed multilayered LTCC antenna
Authors: Shen Yu‐Long , Ooi B. L. , Xu Dao‐Xian , Ma Jian‐feng
Published: January 2009

In this article, a novel wide‐band CPW‐fed antenna is proposed with low temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technique. Compared with the conventional coplanar antennas, the compact antenna has two different layers embedded in the LTCC substrate. The principal advantage of the design is that the size of the antenna is significantly reduced meanwhile the wide‐band characteristics can be achieved. Experimental result for the return loss of the antenna is presented to validate the design. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 648–650, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24128
An X‐band 185° CMOS phase shifter MMIC for multiple‐antenna systems
Authors: Lin Chien‐San , Hsiao Wen‐Chun , Chang Sheng‐Fuh
Published: January 2009

The design and implementation of an X‐band phase shifter MMIC using the standard 0.18‐μm CMOS process is presented. A transformed doublet varactor load is analyzed and applied to a 3‐dB quadrature coupler to exhibit large phase shift tuning range and low insertion loss with minimal variation. By using the derived design equations, the implemented CMOS reflection‐type phase shifter demonstrates a continuous phase shift tuning range greater than 185°, an average insertion loss of 5.2 dB with ±0.4 dB variation, and return losses better than 13 dB in 9–11 GHz. The total chip size including I/O pads is 0.76 × 0.79 mm2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 645–648, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24131
Humidity estimation using neural network and optical fiber sensor
Authors: Sreenivasan Kirthi L. , Khijwania Sunil K. , Philip Thomas , Singh Jagdish P.
Published: January 2009

An optical fiber (OF) sensor with enhanced dynamic range and high sensitivity is realized to detect varying range of relative humidity (RH). For precise and independent estimation/prediction of RH from its nonlinear response, feed forward artificial neural network (ANN) model is developed. Preprocessed stable sensor outputs and corresponding commercial sensor outputs were used to train ANN. Results show that ANN has been effective in successfully predicting RH from the response of OF sensor. Overall, neural network approach showed better performance in comparison to alternative calibration method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 641–645, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24132
Compact dual‐band multilayer antenna element for nonlinear junction detector application
Authors: Wincza Krzysztof , Gruszczynski Slawomir , Borgosz Jan
Published: January 2009

A compact dual‐band antenna element for application in a nonlinear junction detector is proposed. To achieve broadband characteristics in two separate frequency ranges a stratified structure is proposed in which two driven and two parasitic patches are properly placed. For transmitting, a circularly polarized antenna is used in which stacked square ring resonators are applied to achieve simultaneously broadband operation and compact size. For receiving, a dual‐polarized antenna is proposed in which a square patch is loaded by a square ring resonator to provide wide band and to allow for integration with the transmitting antenna. Theoretical calculations confirmed by measurement results are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 696–699, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24136
Realization of left handedness through CSRRs and SRRs in microstrip line
Authors: Zhang Qiaoli , Khan Salman Naeem , He Sailing
Published: January 2009

A new technique to realize left‐handedness in microstrip transmission line is proposed by periodically loading combination of split‐ring resonators (SRRs) and complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs). Because of the negative permeability offered by SRRs and the negative permittivity of the CSRRs in the designed frequency (5 GHz), a pass‐band is achieved. The design is compact in size, low profile and independent of substrate permittivity. It is also 50% smaller comparing with EBG structure. These features are valuable for future microwave devices like couplers, filters, etc. Comparisons between the simulated and measured results are discussed in details. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 757–760, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24141
Bandwidth enhancement and size reduction of an implantable PIFA antenna for biotelemetry devices
Authors: Liu Wen‐Chung , Chen Ssu‐Hung , Wu Chao‐Ming
Published: January 2009

By means of embedding hook‐shaped slots at the edges of the radiating patches for a stacked planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA), functions of bandwidth enhancement and size reduction can be achieved for suitable use in implantable biotelemetry devices. The designed antenna with overall size of only 8 × 8 × 1.9 mm3 provides a monopole‐like radiation pattern, a radiation efficiency of 0.55%, and a wide −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 122 MHz covering the 402–405 MHz medical‐implant‐communication‐service (MICS) frequency band. Comparing with the reported most compact antennas, the proposed design obtains not only 144% wider bandwidth but also 36% more compact structure size. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 755–757, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24142
A 77‐GHz six‐port FMCW collision avoidance radar sensor with baseband analytical calibration
Authors: Boukari Bouraima , Moldovan Emilia , Cojocaru Razvan I. , Affes Sofiene , Wu Ke , Bosisio Renato G. , Tatu Serioja Ovidiu
Published: January 2009

A 77‐GHz six‐port frequency modulated continuous wave collision avoidance radar sensor is proposed. Velocity and range are determined from the slope of the instantaneous phase of radar beat signals. Digital signal processing techniques are developed to overcome DC offset and amplitude imbalance problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 720–725, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24144
Compact multiband printed antenna for wireless applications
Authors: Song Yue , Jiao Yong Chang , Zhang Tian Ling , Weng Zi Bin , Zhang Fu Shun
Published: January 2009

A compact printed monopole antenna having small dimensions (22 × 9.5 × 1.6 mm3) for the WLAN bands is presented. With the use of a plated‐through via connecting a rectangular patch with a meandered strip on the both sides, the impedance matching in multiband operation covering 2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz bands is obtained. A theoretical and experimental investigation of the antenna is given. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 669–671, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24149
Improving impedance characteristics for small monopole antennas
Authors: Jung Jinwoo , Lee Hyeonjin , Lim Yeongseog
Published: January 2009

Small monopole antennas like meander‐line antennas and normal‐mode helical antennas are used for handsets in personal communication systems. Because the radiation resistance of small monopole antennas is low, the impedance characteristics are a problem. In this article, we analyzed the relation of monopole antennas and their ground planes to current distribution, and we proposed methods to improve the impedance characteristics of small monopole antennas with low radiation resistance. The impedance characteristics of monopole antennas vary according to the feeding point and the width of the ground plane. Our analysis indicates that varying these impedance characteristics can be used to improve the impedance characteristics of small monopole antennas. The printed meander‐line monopole antenna and the stacked helix monopole antenna were used for experimentation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 836–842, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24151
Design of seven‐pole LPF with high suppression of harmonics using DGS
Authors: Mohamed Hesham A. , Taher H. , Abdallah Esmat A. , EI‐Henawy Hadia S.
Published: January 2009

The LPF is designed with defected ground structure (DGS) and broadened transmission line elements with very low impedance. A seven pole DGS‐LPF for GSM applications is found to gives deeper attenuation than provided by the previous published work. The length of DGS‐LPF is reduced to 41.5% compared with conventional LPF. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 760–763, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24155
Low cost efficient high gain antenna using array of parasitic patches on a superstrate layer
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Mukherjee J.
Published: January 2009

This article proposes a low cost efficient high gain antenna using array of parasitic patches for wireless applications. The antenna structure consists of a microstrip antenna which feeds an array of square parasitic patches fabricated on a low cost FR4 superstrate. The patches on superstrate are suspended in air at λ0/2. The structure with 5 × 5 array of square parasitic patches is designed, fabricated, and tested. The measured voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is <2 over 5.725–5.875 GHz frequency band. The antenna with a single square patch provides a gain of 12.6 dB, whereas the antenna with 5 × 5 array of square parasitic patches provides a gain of 18.0 dB with 92% efficiency, SLL of −18.4 dB and front to back lobe ratio of more than 20 dB. The proposed structure can be packaged inside an application platform. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 733–739, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24156
Compact broadband 90° twist based on square waveguide section with two stepped corner ridges
Authors: Rud Leonid , Kulik Dmitriy , Kirilenko Anatoliy
Published: January 2009

Compact rectangular waveguide 90° twist is studied. The twist transformer region is a square waveguide section with two stepped corner ridges. The twist can provide the 40‐dB return‐loss level over the rectangular waveguide operating band if the wide and narrow waveguide wall dimensions are in the ratio of 2:1. The twist lengths are less than the rectangular waveguide half‐wavelength at the central frequency of the chosen operating band. The design results are confirmed by the results of real device measurements. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 851–854, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24161
Design of an ultra‐wideband antenna with a novel dual band‐notched structure
Authors: Ma J. , Yin Y.‐Z. , Deng J.‐Y. , Ma Q.
Published: January 2009

A novel dual band‐notched monopole ultra‐wideband antenna is proposed, in which the parasitic strip creates one band‐notch at 5.5 GHz and the tuning stub produces another band‐notch at 3.5 GHz. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna, with a compact size of 20 × 31.5 mm2, has a bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2, except the bandwidths of 3.3–3.7 GHz for WIMAX and 5.15–5.825 GHz for WLAN. By changing the lengths of the parasitic strip and the tuning stub, the central frequencies of the dual notched bands can be adjusted easily. In addition, there is a little influence on a band‐notched characteristic when another is changed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 814–817, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24163
Parabolic edge planar monopole antenna
Authors: Chang Tae‐Soon , Hur Jung
Published: January 2009

In this article, a parabolic edge planar monopole antenna for UWB communication is presented. The antenna has a broadband property, and it is structured through the planar monopole and ground with a parabolic edge. The design resembles a self‐complementary structure that changes the curvature along the edge of the monopole and ground. The return loss is greater than 10 dB in the frequency range of 3.1–10.6 GHz. The radiation pattern is about the same as that of the dipole antenna at all frequencies. The results show a maximum gain of 1.37–6.02 dBi at the E‐plane. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 675–681, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24170
CPW‐fed circularly polarized antenna for 3.5 GHz WiMAX band
Authors: Chang The Nan
Published: January 2009

This article presents a new configuration of the common part of two unusually coupled open loops fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW). For each open loop, the common part is in cooperation with one extended ground line of the CPW. The two loops are coupled to yield a wideband circularly polarized antenna for 3.5 GHz WiMAX band. Gain is enhanced through use of an outside ring. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 849–851, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24172
Multiband internal monopole antenna for mobile phones
Authors: Bhatti Rashid Ahmad , Im Yun‐Taek , Anh Nguyen Ngoc , Park Seong‐Ook
Published: January 2009

A low‐profile internal monopole antenna has been proposed for multistandard mobile phones. The proposed antenna operates at GSM (880–960 MHz), DCS (1710–1880 MHz), PCS (1850–1990 MHz), UMTS (1920–2170 MHz), WiBro (2300–2390 MHz), Bluetooth (2.42–2.48 GHz), S‐DMB (2.630–2.655 GHz), and WLAN (5.1–5.37, 5.75–5.9 GHz) frequency bands. Multiple resonators have been connected in parallel in a compact configuration to realize a miniaturized internal antenna for modern multistandard handsets. The proposed monopole antenna has been designed within a volume of 0.43 cm3 (20 mm × 14 mm × 1.5 mm) that makes it suitable for ultra‐thin mobile terminals. Two prototype antennas have been fabricated and characterized for return losses and radiation performances which are quite reasonable at all the targeted frequency bands. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 739–742, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24178
Printed ultra‐wideband elliptical antenna with a frequency‐band notch function
Authors: Alshehri Abdallah A. , Sebak A. R. , Denidni T. A.
Published: January 2009

Two printed ultra‐wideband (UWB) elliptical antennas are proposed. The first antenna is a printed elliptical antenna with notch cut fed by a microstrip line. It is designed and fabricated for UWB applications under the band (3.1–10.6 GHz). To obtain sufficient matching bandwidth, a partial ground plane, feed gap, and notch cut are used. The antenna is then modified to obtain frequency band notch function of 5.2/5.8 GHz by inserting a U‐shaped slot beneath the notch cut in the elliptical patch. A parametric study is carried out to optimize the proposed structures. The measured bandwidth for the designed antenna without U‐shaped slot is 8.35 GHz. For the antenna with U‐shaped slot, the measured bandwidth is from 3.08 to 11.00 GHz with band rejection from 4.70 to 5.84 GHz. Good radiation patterns and antenna gains, except in the notched frequency band, have also been obtained. Details of the proposed antenna designs and the measured results are presented and discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 860–864, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24183
Slot line FED dipole antenna for wide band applications
Authors: Deepu V. , Mridula S. , Sujith R. , Mohanan P.
Published: January 2009

A slot line fed planar dipole antenna with a parasitic strip for wide band applications is presented. The presented antenna offers a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth from 1.66 to 2.71 GHz covering the DCS/PCS/UMTS and IEEE 802.11b/g bands with a gain better than 6.5 dBi. The uniplanar design, simple feeding, and high gain make it a versatile antenna for wireless applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 826–830, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24184
Mode group diversity multiplexing with couplers/splitters as (DE)multiplexers
Authors: Maksymiuk Lukasz , Siuzdak Jerzy , Stepniak Grzegorz
Published: January 2009

A system that uses two‐channel mode group multiplexing in step index MM fiber is described. Mode selective couplers/splitters were used as both multiplexers and demultiplexers. Its hardware realization is also described. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 782–784, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24187
Bandwidth enhancement of planar inverted‐F antenna for implantable biotelemetry
Authors: Lee Chien‐Ming , Yo Tzong‐Chee , Huang Fu‐Jhuan , Luo Ching‐Hsing
Published: January 2009

A compact planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) consisted of two meandered strips with bandwidth enhancement technique is proposed for implantable biotelemetry in MICS band. The antenna occupies a volume of only 791 mm3 (22.5 mm by 18.5 mm by 1.9 mm) operating at 402 MHz. PIFA with two meandered strips can excite dual‐resonate frequencies that control the resonant frequencies at 380 and 440 MHz, respectively, to obtain the broad bandwidth of 120 MHz (353–473 MHz) at a return loss of 10 dB. To verify the performance of implantable antenna, the test tissue is adopted as implanting environment by grinding the pork of front‐leg. Furthermore, the property of this antenna can remain consistency against the varying and complex human tissue. Thus, this letter provides a miniature, broadband implantable PIFA for biotelemetry of medical devices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 749–752, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24189
1H and 13C NMR assignments of eight nitrogen containing compounds from Nocardia alba sp.nov (YIM 30243T)
Authors: Ding Zhang‐Gui , Zhao Jiang‐Yuan , Yang Pei‐Wen , Li Ming‐Gang , Huang Rong , Cui Xiao‐Long , Wen Meng‐Liang
Published: January 2009

An unprecedented new natural product named nocarsin A (1), 5H‐4a,6,7a‐triazacyclopenta[cd]indene‐5,7(6H)‐dione (1), together with seven known compounds lumichrome (2), cyclo (L‐Leu‐L‐Tyr) (3), cyclo (L‐Ala‐L‐Ile) (4), cyclo (L‐Ala‐L‐Leu) (5), cyclo (L‐Val‐L‐Ala) (6), 5‐methyluracil (7) and uracil (8), was isolated from Nocardia alba sp.nov (YIM 30243T), which was isolated from a soil sample collected from Yunnan Province, P. R. China. NMR techniques including COSY, HSQC, ROESY, and HMBC were used to elucidate the structures of these compounds. We report the unambiguous assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the new compound nocarsin A (1). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductivity studies and performance of chitosan based polymer electrolytes in H2/air fuel cell
Authors: Majid S. R. , Arof A. K.
Published: January 2009

Four chitosan‐based electrolyte systems chitosan–H3PO4, chitosan–H3PO4–Al2SiO5, chitosan–H3PO4–NH4NO3 and chitosan–H3PO4–NH4NO3–Al2SiO5 were studied. The highest conducting sample at room temperature in each system have compositions of (in weight fraction) 0.62chitosan–0.38H3PO4, 0.615chitosan–0.377H3PO4–0.008Al2SiO5, 0.56chitosan–0.34H3PO4–0.10 NH4NO3, 0.5572chitosan–0.3383H3PO4–0.0995NH4NO3–0.005Al2SiO5. The conductivity for the samples is (5.36 ± 1.32) × 10−5 S cm−1, (1.12 ± 0.18) × 10−4 S cm−1, (1.16 ± 0.35) × 10−4 S cm−1, and (1.82 ± 0.10) × 10−4 S cm−1, respectively. The open‐circuit voltage of the fuel cells utilizing electrolytes with conductivity of the order 10−4 S cm−1 is ∼0.9 V and the current density is greater than 20 mA cm−2 at room temperature. Results show that the conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membrane influences the current density and performance of the fuel cell. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental genes and cancer in children
Authors: Moore Sam W.
Published: January 2009

Childhood tumours are associated with congenital abnormalities suggesting that disruption of normal developmental processes may be linked with oncogenesis. Genetic and environmental exposures may combine to disrupt critical epigenetic processes during development, thus affecting gene‐related signalling pathways and cellular function. This review examines the role of critical genes and processes regulating development such as the polycomb family and sonic hedgehog (SHH) as well as the Wnt signalling pathways and epigenetic variations (Snf5), methylation and loss of heterozygosity in controlling homeotic gene transcription and intracellular chromatin structure. The developmental and perinatal periods appears important as a window of opportunity for cancer research. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:755–760. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the time‐point of relapse influence outcome in pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas?
Authors: Mattke Adrian C. , Bailey Emily J. , Schuck Andreas , Dantonello Tobias , Leuschner Ivo , Klingebiel Thomas , Treuner Joern , Koscielniak Ewa
Published: January 2009

Background

Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a soft tissue malignant tumor of skeletal muscle origin, accounts for approximately 3.5% of the cases of cancer among children 0–14 years and 2% of the cases among adolescents and young adults 15–19 years of age.

Procedure

We evaluated survival (SUR) after first relapse depending on the time to relapse (TTR) in RMSs of childhood and adolescence. Early, intermediate, and late relapsing patients were evaluated for prognostic risk factors.

Results

Two hundred thirty‐four patients with RMS enrolled in the German sarcoma trial CWS‐81, CWS‐86, CWS‐91, and CWS‐96 met selection criteria. Of the 234 patients, 35%, 32%, and 33% relapsed within 6 (early), 6–12 (intermediate), and more than 12 (late) months respectively after the end of primary therapy. Four‐year SUR was 12%, 21%, and 41% for early, intermediate, and late relapse respectively (P < 0.001). Four‐year SUR after local relapse was 18% (early), 38% (intermediate), and 49% (late). Embryonal RMS showed four year SUR of 16%, 30%, and 46% (P < 0.001) whereas alveolar histology showed four year SUR of 8%, 6%, and 23% (P < 0.01) for early, intermediate, and late relapse respectively.

Conclusion

TTR has significant influence on prognosis in relapsed RMS. It influences SUR independent of other features such as type of relapse, histology, tumor site, primary treatment time or irradiation in primary treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:772–776. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal rhabdomyoma of the lower extremity
Authors: Premalata Chennagiri S. , Kumar Rekha V. , Saleem Kuniyil M. , Fathima Latha J. , Das Kanishka
Published: January 2009

We report a rare case of cellular fetal rhabdomyoma in a 9‐year‐old male, in the unusual location of right lower thigh. These tumors are more common in the head and neck region; and this case the second such case to be reported in the thigh. Fetal rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of the skeletal muscle, showing varying degrees of skeletal muscle maturation. The present report discusses the histopathological features, the differential diagnosis and the importance of making the correct diagnosis for proper management of this rare entity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:881–883. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controversies in the diagnosis and management of childhood acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Segel George B. , Feig Stephen A.
Published: January 2009

Acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) occurs most commonly in young children who present with severe isolated thrombocytopenia and purpura. A marrow examination is not required unless glucocorticoids are used, lest treatment mask incipient acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but controversy exists here. The recommendations for evaluation and management remain controversial, since prospective controlled trials have not been done. There is some consensus based on experience and empiric data. Almost all children with acute ITP will recover completely without therapy. Although the various treatments may increase the platelet count, they do not influence the outcome of the illness, may increase cost, and cause significant side effects. Therefore, careful observation may be the best management option for the patient with ITP, in the absence of severe bleeding. The data available relevant to these issues are discussed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:318–324. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of PS/mica and PMMA/mica nanocomposites by emulsion polymerization
Authors: Cheng Hsiu Yu , Jiang George J. , Hung Jui‐Yi
Published: January 2009

Polymer/mica nanocomposites of styrene or methyl methacrylate have been prepared by emulsion polymerization. For the polymer/mica nanocomposites, the mica was dispersed individually in water, and we found that they were adsorbed on the surface of monomer droplets. Polymer/mica nanocomposites were obtained by adding an aqueous dispersion of layered silicate into the polymer emulsion. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectra were used to characterize the structures of the nanocomposites. The degree of dispersion of these nanocomposites were investigated by using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical properties of polymer/mica nanocomposites were determined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The increased tan δ of the obtained nanocomposites is ascribed to the fine dispersion of mica particles into the polymer matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Determination of polymeric medium flow rate in extruders based on a new correlation
Authors: Berdyshev B.V. , Borisov A.A. , Hosseini H. , Mehrabani‐Zeinabad A.
Published: January 2009

One of the most widespread practical methods of polymer processing is the extrusion method that is based on pressing a polymeric melt through channels of the molding tool which have different geometrical cross‐sections. The basic performance of extrusion is based on the pressure and flow performance which sets functional correlation between volumetric flow rate of a polymer medium, pressed through a molding tool, and created pressure drop. Arguments of this correlation are the rheological parameters of polymer and the geometrical characteristics of the channel in which the polymeric melt flows. In this article, a viscoelastic model with a corrected strain energy function is implemented. The comparison of revealed theoretical expression in this article with the experimental data for flow of polymeric melts in cylindrical channels with various cross‐sections demonstrates a good convergence over a wide range of pressure gradient. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/montmorillonite nanocomposite
Authors: Yu Wenxue , Zhao Zhudi , Zheng Weitao , Long Beihong , Jiang Qing , Li Guangwei , Ji Xuewen
Published: January 2009

The crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/montmorillonite (PVDF/MMT) nanocomposite was investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), polarizing optical microscope (POM), and X‐ray diffraction. The results showed that the crystallization behavior of PVDF was changed by adding MMT in PVDF matrix. The MMT layers in PVDF acted as effective nucleation agents. It is observed that the crystallization temperature of PVDF/MMT nanocomposite was higher than that of PVDF at various cooling rates. The value of half‐time of crystallization showed that the crystallization rate of PVDF/MMT nanocomposite was faster than that of PVDF at a given cooling rate. The addition of MMT hindered the growth of spherulite. Nonisothermal crystallization data was analyzed using Avrami, Ozawa, and Jeziorny method. The Jeziorny method successfully described the nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of PVDF/MMT nanocomposite. The MMT loading was favorable to produce the piezoelectric β phase in the PVDF matrix. The α phase coexisted with the β phase in the PVDF/MMT nanocomposite. For this polymorphic structure, a possible explanation was proposed based on the variable temperature X‐ray diffraction, DSC, and POM experiments. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Correlation of modified natural rubber properties by artificial neural networks
Authors: Giordani D.S. , Oliveira P.C. , Guimarães A. , Guimarães R.C.O.
Published: January 2009

Natural rubber (NR) is a raw material largely used by the modern industry; however, it is common that chemical modifications must be made to NR in order to improve properties such as hydrophobicity or mechanical resistance. This work deals with the correlation of properties of NR modified with dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate or methylmethacrylate as grafting agents. Dynamic‐mechanical behavior and stress/strain relations are very important properties because they furnish essential characteristics of the material such as glass transition temperature and rupture point. These properties are concerned with different physical principles; for this reason, normally they are not related to each other. This work showed that they can be correlated by artificial neural networks (ANN). So, from one type of assay, the properties that as a rule only could be obtained from the other can be extracted by ANN correlation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers