bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilic sialoadenitis in a patient with severe asthma: a case report
Authors: Sano Tomoya , Miyata Jun , Sano Azusa , Ono Yosuke , Tanaka Yuji , Matsukuma Susumu , Ueki Shigeharu , Kawana Akihiko
Published: July 2021

Activated eosinophils can infiltrate various tissues and cause inflammatory tissue damage. Asthma is a typical type of eosinophilic inflammatory disease that occurs in the respiratory system. Eosinophilic sialodochitis and sialoadenitis of the salivary gland are rare diseases clinically characterized by painful swelling. In this report, we present a 68-year-old woman with asthma who presented to our hospital with mandibular swelling. Her asthma had been well controlled with an inhaled combination of a corticosteroid and a long-acting β2 agonist, although she reported a past history of frequent asthma attacks and hospitalization. Laboratory investigation on admission revealed blood eosinophilia (2,673/μL), high levels of total immunoglobulin E (390 U/mL) and immunoglobulin G4 (183 mg/dL). Bone marrow examination showed no evidence of eosinophilic neoplasia. Histological examination of her minor salivary glands disclosed an infiltration of mixed lymphocytes and eosinophils. Chromatolytic eosinophils with Charcot-Leyden crystals were also observed within the edematous dermis and fibrous tissues surrounding the minor salivary gland. The patient was diagnosed with eosinophilic sialoadenitis. Treatment with oral corticosteroids (0.5 mg/kg/day) was initiated. Thereafter, the mandibular swelling improved. This report describes a rare case of eosinophilic sialoadenitis in a patient with severe eosinophilic asthma, for which histopathological and immunefluorescence microscopic analyses were performed.
Replacing soybean meal with Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) in pig diets: composition of subcutaneous fat and fresh loin, and sensory attributes of dry-cured product
Authors: Rauw Wendy M. , Gomez-Raya Luis , Martín-Pedrosa Mercedes , Sanz-Calvo Miguel A. , De Mercado-de la Peña Eduardo , Ciruelos Juan J. , Gómez-Izquierdo Emilio
Published: July 2021

Aim of the study: To evaluate the consequences for pork quality traits of replacing soybean meal with Narbon vetch in pig diets.Area of study: Castilla-Leon, Spain.Material and methods: 48 Duroc × Iberian barrows were fed diets with 0% (V0), 5% (V5), 10% (V10) and 20% (V20) inclusion of Narbon vetch. Pork quality traits investigated were 1) intramuscular fat, protein and moisture content of fresh loin, 2) fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat, and 3) sensory attributes (Triangle test and a Simple Difference Test with a non-trained taste panel) of cured loin.Main results: Inclusion of Narbon vetch in the diet showed no significant effect on intramuscular fat, protein and moisture in fresh loin samples. Stearic acid was higher in subcutaneous fat of V5 than in V0 and V10 (p < 0.05), and oleic acid was higher in V10 than in V0, V5 and V20 (p < 0.05); no other differences in fatty acid composition were observed. Taste panelists tended to be able to distinguish V10 from V0 cured loins (p < 0.10), and were able to distinguish V20 from V0 loins (p < 0.05), in particular due to a perceived difference in taste, texture and marbling. No differences in intensity of the texture, marbling, aroma and color of cured loins were found between V0 and V5.Research highlights: Inclusion of Narbon vetch in pig diets did not significantly affect fresh loin composition or fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat. Consumers perceived a difference in sensory characteristics of cured loin with replacement of soybean meal with Narbon Vetch, but they did not characterize this as more favorable.
A Study on the Impact of the Sudden Change to Online Education on the Motivation of Higher Education Students
Authors: Al-Hashmi Salim
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the extent to which students’ motivation has changed following the decision to offer all courses entirely online as an emergency remote teaching (ERT). Many scholars describe online learning as the future of education. This mode will soon replace on-campus instruction; thus, such a study is important for higher education institutions (HEIs) that decide to use technology platforms at the times of unpredicted crises. Recent research has focused attention on student motivation in online learning contexts. However, this project results from the sudden transformation to remote online learning caused by COVID-19. The study involved 20 students from an Omani university who participated in four focused group discussions. The findings revealed that students’ motivation in remote online learning is impacted by several academic factors (e.g., teachers and lack of group work) and non-academic factors (e.g., internet connectivity and family obligations).
Building the Tourist Destination Through Multiple Semiotic Modes
Authors: Denti Olga
Published: July 2021

Over time, multiple semiotic modes have contributed in different ways to the construction and exchange of cultural meanings in Tourism Discourse. This has required the analysis and understanding of the modes employed and the recontextualization and adaptation of texts and images, especially to the new web genres. Nowadays, the tourist experience is mediated by personal, digital, and mobile technologies, which redirect the tourist gaze and become the mediator between the traveler and the tourist destination.

Consequently, the tourism text must be considered as a single unit, where different semiotic resources intermingle to enhance its communicative strength.

The present study will attempt to propose a methodology to read and write tourism texts in a comprehensive and effective way. It will start by focusing on the relationship between text and image to see how they co-exist in the page and in the way the page is arranged. Then, it will apply a functional approach to the analysis of such semiotic units. The result will show how the boundaries between image and text have become blurred, and textuality is built less through verbal syntax and more through rhetorical visual design.
Interlaboratory EQA programmes realised in 2014 by Centre for Quality Assessment in Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Brzeziński Andrzej A. , Przybył-Hac Barbara
Published: July 2021

In 2014 years the Centre for Quality Assessment in Laboratory Medicine within the 8 programmes to assess the reliability of laboratory test results completed 28 interlaboratory surveys, which were attended by 1658 medical diagnostic laboratories. Unfortunately we were unable to extend the offer of evaluated components, or the frequency of surveys carried out so far, mainly for financial reasons. As part of its own activities the electronic data transmission system has been introduced to further surveys too – coagulation and cardiac markers. This allowed the participants to transfer the results of determination of controls and collection of assessments via the Internet, which translates into shorter development time data. To implement to the electronic system remained only general program of chemical survey. In the past year in all conducted surveys a slight increase of acceptable results in each criterion were observed. In immunochemical surveys on an experimental basis were introduced for laboratories an annual summary assessment of 4 results submitted in 2 surveys a year.
Different types of autoantibodies in rheumatic diseases and methods of their determination
Authors: Grim Alicja , Komosińska-Vassev Katarzyna , Olczyk Paweł
Published: July 2021

Rheumatic diseases are a group of chronic disorders with varied and frequently unexplained autoimmune etiology. They results from an immune response targeted against own antigens in the autoimmune process. Arising autoantibodies bind to the autoantigen, ultimately leading to cell and tissue damage. Rheumatic diseases are characterized by the presence of antibodies exhibiting a specific antigenic activity which is useful for making the correct diagnosis. There is a known correlation between the certain autoantibodies,
so-called marker autoantibodies, and specific clinical findings. Autoantibodies from this group have a high diagnostic and prognostic value. It must be emphasized that the detection of antibody in the blood serum is not in itself sufficient for diagnosis a disease, if no clinical symptoms are present. A major role in the immune diagnostics of rheumatic diseases is played by serological tests, primarily the indirect immunofluorescence assay, the last one being recognized as a gold standard in antinuclear antibodies detection. This thesis contains a description of different types of antibodies found in rheumatic disorders, an evaluation of their clinical usefulness and immunodiagnostic methods of their determination.
Modern diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy – molecular diagnosis of allergies
Authors: Białek Sławomir , Białek-Gosk Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

Diagnostic difficulties resulting from the imperfections of natural allergen extracts inspired to use genetic engineering techniques to produce
recombinant allergens or obtaining highly purified components (component) allergen. This led to the development of modern
diagnostic technique in allergy or molecular diagnostics. The basis for understanding the molecular diagnosis of allergies is to know
the properties of allergens. Each allergen is composed of various proteins known. component capable of sensitizing allergen, and each
component includes a plurality of epitopes that can be divided into one species-specific epitopes, and the identical amino acid structure
of the epitopes derived from different species. Specific epitopes are responsible for primary sensitization, while the epitopes with similar
structures are responsible for cross-reactions. Finding sensitization several epitopes is a strong indication of the occurrence of much more
dangerous allergic reactions than only one epitope. In addition, molecular diagnosis of allergies allows for personalized diagnosis of
allergic patients. It enables the assessment of individual risk of allergic symptoms and allows you to distinguish the original from allergy
symptoms caused by cross-reactions. It should be noted, however, that the diagnosis of allergy should be based on a comprehensive
evaluation of the results and their confrontation with data from the interview. The mere detection of allergen-specific IgE antibodies,
even the method of molecular diagnostics, without the presence of clinical symptoms does not confirm an allergy or illness. Only goes
to confirm that the body of such a person is allergic and that the symptoms of this condition may at some point reveal but not necessarily.
Laboratorydiagnosis of prediabetes
Authors: Odrowąż-Sypniewska Grażyna
Published: July 2021

Prediabetes is the term used to describe the condition with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), glucose concentrations higher than normal but below the established threshold for diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) recognized based on the results of a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). People with prediabetes are at high-risk for developing diabetes and associated complications. Occurrence of IFG and/or IGT is associated with abdominal or visceral obesity, high serum triglycerides and/or low HDL-cholesterol, hypertension.
From the practical point of view, screening with HbA1c is easier to perform however, it was suggested that fewer cases of prediabetes are detected than with OGTT. It may be understandable as both measurements reflect different physiological processes. In the above presented studies the performance of hemoglobin A1c, advocated for the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes, has been assessed in corroboration with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or with the combination of FPG and 2-hr OGTT glucose values. It is important to point out that HbA1c below 5.7% do not reliably exclude the presence of prediabetes. The above presented data support the idea for greater
use of oral glucose tolerance tests in combination with FPG for diagnosis of dysglycemia.
Caracterização da relação entre redes sociais e mobilidade de indivíduos em contextos urbanos
Authors: Ribeiro José Mauro , Alencar Ricardo , Martins Gustavo , Xavier Carolina , Evsukoff Alexandre , Vieira Vinícius
Published: July 2021

A compreensão da organização urbana é fundamental para um melhor planejamento e definição de políticas públicas que visem maior bem estar da população e mitigação de problemas sociais. Modelos computacionais capazes de integrar dados de diferentes fontes podem auxiliar a caracterização da complexa organização geográfica e socioeconômica da população em áreas urbanas com grande resolução e aplicabilidade em contextos práticos. Este trabalho apresenta a análise da complexidade urbana representada pelas relações sociais e de mobilidade através da investigação de registros de ligações telefônicas armazenadas como Call Detail Records (CDR). Considerando duas cidades com características distintas, experimentos realizados a partir da caracterização da mobilidade individual das pessoas permitem observar uma forte interedependência entre seu comportamento de mobilidade no espaço urbano e o comportamento exibido pelas pessoas que definem sua rede social.
Desenvolvimento de um conjunto de dados com comentários extraídos da plataforma Twitch sobre o jogo League of Legends
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas D. F. , L. Junior Luiz C. C. , Jacob Junior Antonio F. L. , Lobato Fábio M. F.
Published: July 2021

O crescimento das plataformas de transmissão ao vivo como a Twitch, impulsionado pelo aumento no volume de criadores de conteúdo, impactou positivamente em uma indústria economicamente importante, os jogos eletrônicos (e-Sports). O destaque da categoria dentro do tipo Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) vai para o League of Legends, que foi um dos responsáveis pela legitimação e profissionalização dos e-Sports. O jogo possui uma vasta gama de criadores e que trazem consigo uma grande quantidade de interações dos internautas que os assistem. Um fenômeno deletério percebido neste cenário é a proliferação de discursos ofensivos, com comentários atacando ou denegrindo pessoas ou grupos, criando uma rede de ódio. Neste ensejo, neste trabalho apresentamos um conjunto de dados construído com comentários extraídos das transmissões dos criadores com maior engajamento na plataforma, visualizando os aspectos característicos e verificando de forma experimental, como o ódio está distribuído. Esta base de dados tem o potencial de auxiliar pesquisas envolvendo a detecção e também na análise desta indústria/domínio de aplicação da temática abordada.
Estudo de critérios de distribuição de vacinas com doses limitadas - uma abordagem baseada em redes complexas
Authors: M. Júnior Ronaldo A. , Vieira Vinícius F. , Xavier Carolina R.
Published: July 2021

A escolha assertiva de grupos de indivíduos a serem imunizados pode impactar diretamente na dinâmica de contaminação, tanto na proteção de uma parte frágil da população quanto na minimização da velocidade de contágio. Tal tarefa é importante e desafiadora, especialmente em cenários com número reduzido de doses disponíveis, por envolver inúmeras combinações possíveis para tomada de decisão. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma metodologia para a escolha de indivíduos a serem imunizados utilizando uma abordagem em rede. Nós propusemos uma metodologia baseada em algoritmo genético, tendo como linha de base medidas de centralidade para definição dos indivíduos a serem vacinados. Os resultados indicaram que a escolha sistematizada de indivíduos é uma decisão correta para este tipo de problema.
Exploring Brazilian Cultural Identity Through Reading Preferences
Authors: Silva Mariana O. , Scofield Clarisse , Oliveira Gabriel P. , Seufitelli Danilo B. , Moro Mirella M.
Published: July 2021

In Brazil, each region has its own cultural identity regarding accent, gastronomy, customs, all of which may reflect in its literature. Specially, we believe that country's background and contextual features are directly related to what people read. Hence, we perform a cross-state comparison analysis based on Brazilian reading preferences through a multipartite network model. Also, we explore the effects of socioeconomic and demographic factors on favorite books and writing genres. Such cross-state analyses highlight how the country is culturally rich, where each region has its own distinctive culture. Our findings offer great opportunities for the Brazilian book industry by enhancing current knowledge on social indicators related to reading preferences.
Não se perca no debate! Mineração de Argumentação em Redes Sociais
Authors: Sousa João Pedro da Silva , Nascimento Rodrigo Costa Uchoa do , Araujo Renata Mendes de , Coelho Orlando Bisacchi
Published: July 2021

Mineração de Argumentação é uma área de pesquisa entre Linguística Computacional e Ciência de Dados, com grande importância para processos de tomada de decisão, possibilitando a identificação e recuperação da estrutura do diálogo e da polaridade dos argumentos usados pelos participantes. Este trabalho é um primeiro passo para construir um processo de análise de discussões em redes sociais com base na Mineração de Argumentação visando compreender a estrutura da discussão que se estabelece nas redes. Os resultados obtidos nesse processo são usados para alimentar a ferramenta de visualização de discussões Visu, de modo a facilitar o acompanhamento e entendimento das discussões em redes sociais.
Um Método Linguístico que combina Polaridade, Emoção e Aspectos Gramaticais para Detecção de Fake News em Inglês
Authors: Testoni Gustavo A. , Souza Marcelo P. , Freire Paulo Márcio S. , Goldschimidt Ronaldo R.
Published: July 2021

O uso crescente dos meios digitais aumentou a proliferação de Fake News. Métodos baseados na abordagem linguística que consideram o sentimento (i.e. polaridade ou emoções) presente nos textos das notícias têm mostrado resultados promissores para detectar, automaticamente, esse tipo de notícia nos meios digitais. Embora as emoções nos textos possam fornecer informações significativas para identificar Fake News, esses métodos eram restritos à extração de polaridade quando aplicados a notícias escritas em inglês. Assim, o presente trabalho propõe um protótipo baseado na abordagem linguística que considera a polaridade e as emoções para detectar Fake News escritas em inglês. O protótipo proposto foi adaptado de um método bem-sucedido, baseado no sentimento, que foi concebido e aplicado a notícias escritas em português. O protótipo proposto apresentou resultados promissores nos experimentos, superando os baselines em até 3,59 pontos percentuais.
BraSNAM em perspectiva: uma análise da sua trajetória até os 10 anos de existência
Authors: Lobato Fábio M. F. , Sousa Gleyce C. de , Jacob Jr. Antonio F. L.
Published: July 2021

É inegável o aumento da pervasividade e relevância das mídias sociais em nosso cotidiano. Desde 2012, o Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining (BraSNAM) representa um importante fórum para reunir pesquisadores a fim de discutir métodos de análise, tendências e fenômenos que ocorrem nas redes sociais. Neste 2021, este evento completa 10 anos, com 230 trabalhos apresentados até o momento. Além disso, possui uma comunidade composta por 527 pesquisadores e pesquisadoras de 95 diferentes instituições. À luz deste marco, esse trabalho apresentam uma análise da comunidade BraSNAM. Os resultados atestam o crescimento sustentável da comunidade, sobretudo em relação ao seu impacto técnico-científico. Os achados do trabalho podem auxiliar o comitê organizador no planejamento estratégico das próximas edições.
Aufwertung der Ausbildungen in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Bormann Sarah , Stellwag Hanna
Published: July 2021

Die Reform der Ausbildungen in der Sozialen Arbeit ist schon längst überfällig. Um die Ausbildungen attraktiv zu gestalten, sind bundesweit einheitliche Standards, die Kostenfreiheit der Ausbildung und der gesetzliche Anspruch auf eine angemessene Ausbildungsvergütung notwendig.
Grundbildung als Daseinsvorsorge: Alphabetisierung
Authors: Ghulam Mustafa , Pudelko Tanja
Published: July 2021

Bildung ist die entscheidende Voraussetzung zur Bewältigung des täglichen Lebens und essentiell für die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe. Nach Schätzungen der UNESCO sind weltweit 750 Millionen Menschen Analphabeten. Das Problem betrifft in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung vor allem die Länder des Globalen Südens. Doch auch im Globalen Norden ist eine beachtliche Zahl von Menschen betroffen ist - auch hierzulande.
Auf ein Neues? Erfolgsfaktoren für die Konferenz zur Zukunft Europas
Authors: Wuermeling Joachim
Published: July 2021

In this article, the author contrasts the experience of the Convention on the Future of Europe 2002-2003 with the mandate for the Conference on the Future of Europe which commenced on May 9, 2021. He criticises that the Conference is deprived of fundamental structural elements that were success factors for the Convention: a clear mandate, a tight leadership, and the right to self-organise. Nevertheless, the author is convinced that the Conference still has every chance of giving the European Union a forward-looking impetus for reform. He derives five recommendations for the future work of the Conference. In particular, it must be set up considering the desired outcome, by defining a product that is to be established, and directing the work toward its creation. If the Conference serves solely as a sounding board for diffuse citizen concerns, its potential cannot be fully exploited.
Verbindliche Männlichkeiten in Zeiten der Krise – junge geflüchtete Männer aus Syrien in transnationalen Familien
Authors: Stock Miriam
Published: July 2021

Dieser Beitrag untersucht, wie geflüchtete Männer aus Syrien Familienbeziehungen über Grenzen hinweg aufrechterhalten und neu verhandeln, welche Anforderungen dabei als Söhne und Brüder an sie gestellt werden und welche Auswirkungen dies für ihre Neuorientierung in Deutschland hat. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, den oft pauschalisierten Debatten über ›arabische Männlichkeiten‹ eine auf den Erfahrungen von syrischen geflüchteten Männern fußende Perspektive entgegenzusetzen, die sich einem zentralen Aspekt der sozialen Welt von syrischen geflüchteten Männern annimmt, nämlich ihrer Rolle als Söhne und Brüder in den über mehrere staatliche Grenzen verteilten Familien. Im Zentrum dieses Beitrags stehen dabei die Analyse der aus transnationalen familiären Beziehungen resultierenden Emotionen wie Machtlosigkeit, Schuld und Nostalgie, die Aufschlüsse über die Formierung männlicher Subjektivitäten in dem transnationalen Spannungsfeld von Care und Flucht geben.
Männlichkeit und Flucht zusammendenken – eine Einleitung
Authors: Scheibelhofer Paul , Schneider Matthias
Published: July 2021

Zugänge der Flucht- und der Männlichkeitsforschung werden im deutschsprachigen Raum noch selten miteinander in Verbindung gebracht. In dieser Einleitung zum Themenheft Flucht und Männlichkeiten geben wir einen Überblick über die historische Genese der beiden Forschungsfelder, bevor wir diskutieren, wie in den letzten zwanzig Jahren zunehmend ein Zusammendenken von Migration, Flucht und Männlichkeit stattgefunden hat. Davon ausgehend werden die verschiedenen Artikel im Themenheft mit ihren besonderen Perspektiven vorgestellt, und zusammenfassend wird eruiert, welche Erkenntnisse über den Zusammenhang von Männlichkeit und Flucht aus diesen Beiträgen gewonnen werden können.
Männlichkeit im Spannungsfeld
Authors: Wyss Anna , Fischer Carolin
Published: July 2021

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen ambivalenter Männlichkeitskonstruktionen auf die Lebensrealitäten und Handlungsstrategien von afghanischen Geflüchteten in Deutschland und der Schweiz. Wir zeigen, wie Argwohn, Ausgrenzungserfahrungen und rechtliche Prekarität in der Aufnahmegesellschaft in Kombination mit Verantwortungsgefühlen gegenüber Familienmitgliedern ein vergeschlechtlichtes Spannungsfeld für männliche Geflüchtete erzeugen. Dieses ergibt sich aus widersprüchlichen Handlungsimperativen der europäischen Migrationspolitik, prekärem rechtlichem Status und unerfüllten Erwartungen der Familie gegenüber und setzt männliche Geflüchtete einem geschlechtsspezifischen Risiko doppelter Marginalisierung aus.
Marginalisiert Flucht Männlichkeit? Lebensgeschichtliche (Re-)Konstruktionen von Männlichkeit im Kontext der Flucht aus Eritrea
Authors: Schneider Matthias
Published: July 2021

In der bisherigen Geschlechterforschung wird Flucht als eine Marginalisierung von Männlichkeit beschrieben. Meist unberücksichtigt bleibt allerdings das Leben der Männer vor der Flucht. Mit Hilfe einer prozessorientierten Perspektive wird anhand der Lebensgeschichte eines aus Eritrea geflüchteten Mannes ein Typus von Männlichkeit formuliert, an welchem die Emergenz, die Marginalisierung vor der Flucht sowie die mehrfache Marginalisierung einer bildungsorientierten Männlichkeit während und nach der Flucht sichtbar gemacht werden können. Ferner wird dabei gezeigt, welche besondere Rolle Vulnerabilität in diesem Prozess spielt. Mit den Ergebnissen hilft der Artikel, ein differenziertes Verständnis der Marginalisierung von Männlichkeit zu entwickeln.
Designing and Psychometric Properties of Appraisal Adherence to Care and Treatment Scale in Liver Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Khodaveisi Masoud , Khatiban Mahnaz , Nassiri Toosi Mohssen , Soltanian Ali Reza , Ebadi Abbas , Moayed Malihe Sadat
Published: July 2021

Background: Care and treatment adherence are important factors for given good liver transplantation outcomes. Objectives: Design and validate an instrument to appraise adherence to care and treatment in liver transplantation recipients. Methods: A mixed-methods sequential exploratory study was conducted in two phases from 2017 to 2019, in the Liver Transplantation Clinic Tehran, Iran. In the qualitative phase, the concept of care and treatment adherence in liver transplantation recipients extracted by a conventional content analysis was performed on semi-structural interviews that were conducted on 18 liver transplantation recipients that were recruited through purposive sampling technique. Also, two physicians, one nurse coordinator of the liver transplantation team, and two family members were interviewed. The scale was developed based on operational definitions extracted from the qualitative phase. The validity was assessed by face, content, construct validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was also evaluated by calculating test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha. The exploratory factor analysis was carried out with 286 filled the questionnaire. Results: Four factors were extracted in factor analysis. These factors explained 45.622% of the variance. The final version of the scale consisted of 20 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient reported as 0.889 for the total scale and the intraclass correlation coefficient was reported as 0.912. The confirmatory factor analysis led to a fitting model. Chi-square indices were reported as CMIN/DF = 2.34, NFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.96, and RAMSEA = 0.067. Conclusions: With a four factors structure, validity and reliability of adherence to care and treatment scale are acceptable; therefore, it can be used for appraisal care and treatment adherence in liver transplant recipients.
Analysis of the Structure of Public Hospitals Administration in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nouri Mahdi , Azami Saber , Ebadi Ali , Tabrizi Jafar Sadegh
Published: July 2021

Background: Public hospitals account for approximately 80% of the health system resources while producing only 20% of the public sector's output. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the current administration structure (strengths, weaknesses, solutions, and proposed models) of Iranian public hospitals. Methods: This study is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The required data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 58 national experts in the field of hospital management who were selected based on the purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. Results: Nine main themes and 34 sub-themes were identified in the weaknesses. The strengths contained four main themes and 16 sub-themes. The proposed solutions had five main themes and 22 sub-themes, and the proposed models from the experts' points of view were composed of four main themes and six sub-themes. The important weaknesses were low commitment and motivation, poor financial management and budgeting, and centralized decision-making and management. The strengths included strong infrastructure, extensive service delivery, government support, and positive social functions. The most important proposed solutions were complying with the requirements of structural reform, development of related assessment indicators, public-private partnership, payment system reform, delegation, manpower management, hospital organizational structure, and reform of the tariff system. Finally, the model of the Board of Trustees, while maintaining government ownership but observing the legal requirements of this structure, was the main suggestion of experts on reforming the structure of the administration of public hospitals in Iran. Conclusions: According to the expert’s opinions, the current structure of Iranian public hospitals has many problems. Managers and policymakers can make the necessary corrections based on the solutions and models proposed in this study.
Evaluating the Knowledge and Attitude of Menopaused Women for Breast Cancer Screening: A Cross Sectional Study in Iran
Authors: Kohpeima Jahromi Vahid , Sharifi Nader
Published: July 2021

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem worldwide. Considering the high prevalence and mortality of BC in postmenopausal women, and since the population of Iran is aging, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of postmenopausal women in Jahrom, Iran regarding BC screening. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on postmenopausal women referred to Honari Clinic of Jahrom in 2019. To select the samples, 120 women were randomly selected from the existing medical files. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and the knowledge and attitude questionnaire on BC screening behavior. After explaining the objectives of the research to the participants and obtaining a consent form, the questionnaire was answered by them. The data were entered into SPSS software version 21 and tested by descriptive statistics, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and one-way ANOVA tests. Descriptive statistics were used to examine demographic data. Results: The level of knowledge of most participants (49.2%) was moderate, and the majority of them (94.2%) had a positive attitude. There was a significant association between the mean score of knowledge and attitude in postmenopausal women with source of information (P = 0.004). Most information came from radio and television, physician, health system staff, and friends and relatives. There was no significant association between the mean score of knowledge and attitude of postmenopausal women with breast-related diseases and family history of BC. Conclusions: The mass media, especially radio and television, as well as physician and health system staff, play an important role in raising women's awareness to increase their participation in BC screening programs.
Global Health Security Capacity Against COVID-19 Outbreak: An Analysis of Annual Data from 210 Countries and Territories
Authors: Maraghi Elham , Saki Malehi Amal , Rahim Fakher
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To review the most recent GHS index annual report to observe the regional and global level of health security against the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as their relationship with the case fatality rate, among 210 countries and territories worldwide. Methods: We analyzed October 2019 GHS index, to assess the capacity of health security-based on the GHS index in the context of six categories. We prioritized not only the capacities of 210 countries and territories around the world using the GHS index but also the existence of functional capabilities to prevent pandemics at the source. Data were collected from global databases, including Worldometer, WHO, and Disease Control and Prevention Center (CDC). Results: This study collected data on 210 countries and territories, of which up to April 14, 2020, 72 countries (34.28%) with more than 1,000 total COVID-19 cases were present. In the most prepared group, the number of total COVID-19 diagnostic tests had a significant positive relationship with the GHS index (r = 0.713; P = 0.006). Case fatality rate was directly associated with the detection index (r = 0.304; P = 0.023) in more prepared group”. In the Lower-middle-income economies group, the case fatality rate was positively related to detection, response, and risk environment indices. Conclusions: With the exception of a very small number, countries that were ranked as most prepared countries were more likely to be affected by the COVID-19 outbreak of the virus and its health consequences and needed to seriously reconsider their capabilities and health security in the context of detection, prevention, rapid response, health system facilities, and risk environment against disease outbreak.
Dokumentační (důkazní) funkce požadavku formy § 13 věty první ZOK
Authors: Kolmačka Viktor
Published: July 2021

Tento článek se zabývá následky porušení požadavku formy smlouvy mezi jednočlennou společností a jediným členem. Dle § 13 věty první ZOK vyžaduje smlouva mezi jednočlennou společností zastoupenou jediným společníkem a tímto společníkem písemnou formu s úředně ověřenými podpisy. Podle názoru komentářové literatury a judikatury Nejvyššího soudu vede porušení tohoto pravidla k neplatnosti právního jednání. Tato stať se snaží vyvrátit tento obecně přijímaný názor.
Vztahy normativních systémů a vrcholných soudů
Authors: Ondřejek Pavel , Ondřejková Jana
Published: July 2021

Příspěvek reflektuje některé myšlenky knihy Domestic Judicial Treatment of European Court of Human Rights Case Law. Beyond Compliance, a to s použitím zdánlivě rozdílných přístupů k analýze rozhodovací činnosti soudů: autoři používají argumenty politické vědy, systémové teorie práva i obecné právní teorie. Hlavním cílem příspěvku je poukázat na skutečnost, že analýza autorů není vypovídající jen o vztazích vnitrostátních a mezinárodních soudů, nýbrž dost možná šířeji i celých normativních systémů v současném pluralistickém uspořádání.
Beyond Compliance: odpověď autorů
Authors: Petrov Jan , Šipulová Katarína , Kosař David , Smekal Hubert , Vyhnánek Ladislav
Published: July 2021

Tento příspěvek je koncipován jako odpověď autorů monografie Domestic Judicial Treatment of European Court of Human Rights Case Law: Beyond Compliance (KOSAŘ, D. et al. Routledge, 2020) na reakce komentátorů v tomto sympoziu. Rekapitulujeme východiska monografie a rozvíjíme některé v knize obsažené argumenty s ohledem na připomínky komentátorů. Článek reflektuje poznámky a stěžejní body, které komentátoři nadnesli: v první části se věnuje přesnějšímu vysvětlení metodologických východisek našeho přístupu k soudcovskému zacházení s judikaturou ESLP, ve druhé části se hlouběji zamýšlí nad tím, jak by bylo možné integrovat připomínky komentátorů, a následně otevírá diskusi, jak dál postupovat ve výzkumu vnitrostátního života EÚLP a judikatury ESLP.
Efeito da auriculoterapia chinesa sobre o humor de profissionais de saúde: estudo piloto
Authors: Silva Nathalia Oliveira da , Kuba Gisele , Kurebayashi Leonice Fumiko Sato , Turrini Ruth Natália Teresa
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: verificar a efetividade de um protocolo de auriculoterapia para redução de sinais e sintomas de estresse na melhora do humor dos profissionais de saúde. Método: estudo piloto controlado e randomizado, com dois grupos de 40 participantes cada, intervenção e controle, realizado em hospital oncológico. Critérios de inclusão: atuar há pelo menos um ano no hospital e escore de 40 a 150 na Lista de Sintomas de Stress. Todos os participantes responderam ao questionário biossociodemográfico e a Escala de Humor de Brunel (BRUMS) antes e depois do estudo. A intervenção consistiu de seis sessões de auriculoterapia e o controle sem tratamento. Resultados: idade média 36,5 anos, 50,0% solteiras, 57,5% com filhos, 33,7% enfermeiras, tempo médio de instituição 59,1 meses. Houve diminuição significativa no escore global e nos domínios confusão mental e tensão (0,05) da BRUMS. Conclusão: o protocolo de auriculoterapia melhorou o humor dos profissionais de enfermagem.
Variabilidade espacial em grande escala do fator K por diferentes métodos indiretos no domínio dos Mares dos Morros
Authors: Rocha Bruno Granjeiro Silva , Valladares Gustavo Souza , Cruz Nara Núbia de Lima , Aquino Cláudia Maria Sabóia de
Published: July 2021

A erosão dos solos pela ação da água constitui-se um grave problema, que em última instância culmina com a redução da produtividade dos cultivos e degradação dos solos. As preocupações com a erosão dos solos culminaram com o desenvolvimento da Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS). A erodibilidade dos solos (K) um fator da EUPS consiste na suscetibilidade natural do solo à erosão hídrica. Considerando serem os métodos diretos de elevado custo econômico e muito morosos, este trabalho objetivou estimar o fator K dos solos do Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio de Frutas (CAPTA – Frutas) em Jundiaí – SP por meio de quatro diferentes equações. Os resultados evidenciaram que dos diferentes métodos testados para se estimar o fator k, a maioria não teve boa correlação e havendo métodos inconsistentes entre si. Por todos os métodos foi possível efetuar a interpolação por krigagem, tendo todos os dados dependência espacial significativa pelo ajuste dos semivariogramas. O método proposto por Wischmeier Smith (1978), foi o mais adequado para se estimar o fator K na área de estudo.
A ludicidade na promoção de saúde infantil: relato de experiência
Authors: Toffoli da Silva Juliane , Rodrigues da Silva Eluan Joel , Rodrigues de Souza Amanda , Ruths Jéssica Cristina , Brustolin de Lima Simch Francielle
Published: July 2021

Trata-se de um relato de experiência do Projeto de Extensão Promoção em Saúde na Educação Infantil (PROSEI) da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus Toledo. Projeto que realizou promoção da saúde infantil por meio do enfoque lúdico. Foram mais de 400 alunos da rede municipal de educação de Toledo/PR atendidos, promovendo a saúde um tema acessível desde a infância. O processo laboral com o público infantil foi gratificante, possibilitando tornar a criança como protagonista. Foi constatado a UFPR como um espaço modificador com um enorme papel na socialização da saúde. Ressalta-se que a escola foi um ambiente propício para o desenvolvimento da educação em saúde.
Educação Ambiental em Extensão Universitária: A Operação Rondon em Conselheiro Mairinck (PR)
Authors: Da Silva Priscila Frazato , Fernandes Pedro Henrique Carnevalli
Published: July 2021

Na sociedade atual, é fundamental o debate acerca do meio ambiente e, sobretudo, da educação ambiental. Assim, as perspectivas acadêmicas e científicas se expandem pela extensão universitária. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender a educação ambiental a partir de uma atividade de extensão na Operação Rondon 2017, no município de Conselheiro Mairinck (PR). Os procedimentos metodológicos foram: levantamento bibliográfico, realização das oficinas de extensão, aplicação de questionário e análise e sistematização dos resultados. Os principais resultados mostram que mesmo muitos dos participantes assegurando que tinham algum conhecimento sobre “educação ambiental”, foi possível aferir que eles adquiriram um novo conhecimento/informação com a oficina.
Local governance, socio-spatial development and segregation in post-transition Hungary
Authors: Teller Nóra
Published: July 2021

The rescaling of the state and the general governance changes we have witnessed in Western Europe since the sixties occurred in Hungary in the last 25 years. In this paper I revisit the literature on phenomena relating to changes in urban planning governance brought about by neoliberal regimes, and highlight parallel issues in the after-transition Hungarian context. Challenges of local governance are discussed, focussing on the mechanisms that have fuelled segregation in the Hungarian urban context. The paper concludes that glocalisation has been the main outcome of the decentralisation of public administration also in Hungary, whereas more recently rolling out of the state through its development policies financed mainly from EU funds has attempted to address urban inequalities and segregation. In part, however, some of the urban rehabilitation attempts are based on 'diseconomies of conflict', which means that results may become unsustainable in the future.
Railway and urban development in Patras: Towards the improved participation of local governance in complex planning problems
Authors: Papamichail Theodora
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the topic of integrated infrastructure and urban development requires the bottom-up approach in addition to the formal planning policies. This is specifically true for complex institutional frameworks, which need the enforcement of the interested public. Due to the socio-economic crisis in Greece, infrastructure networks have already been dramatically influenced by the fragmented decision-making among the different planning levels and actors. The case study presented in the paper relates to the improvement of a railway system in Patras, Greece (in narrow terms), but, in broader terms, the case study elucidates the informal planning procedure (called the Test Planning process) behind the railway improvement as such. The idea of using such a procedure in Patras emerged due to the different interests of various actors concerning the railway integration into the urban fabric in last two decades. However, it seems there is an absence of an effective cooperation between the initiators of this procedure and the local authorities. Research methodology is developed in several steps. Firstly, the broader problem and the potential of infrastructure development will be presented. Secondly, the Test Planning process will be presented shortly. In the end, the importance of local government in such a collaborative procedure will be mentioned and the case of local actors in Patras in the different phases of the Test Planning process will be under a critical scope towards the existing situation and the benefits in future steps.
Territorial organisation of the Republic of Serbia: Possibilities for reform
Authors: Milosavljević Bogoljub , Jerinić Jelena
Published: July 2021

Current territorial organisation in Serbia was basically set during the 1960s. Great demographic and economic changes were not reflected in changes of legislation on territorial organisation. Such territorial organisation is a basis for a single-level and almost completely monotype local self-government system. After providing a detailed overview of legislation on territorial organisation and local self-government in the previous two centuries, the authors analyse the current system and attempt to outline possible lines of reform of territorial organisation. These proposals are viewed as a part of efforts towards greater decentralisation and establishment of a multi-level and/or polytype local self-government.
Máster para la formación de profesores en Ciencias Sociales en Brasil y España:algunos elementos comparativos
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: July 2021

La presencia de las ciencias sociales en la educación secundaria ocurre de diferentes maneras en los sistemas educativos, representando distintas asignaturas escolares en cada tradición nacional. Del mismo modo, la formación del profesorado se produce a partir de diferentes modelos de formación, tanto a nivel de pregrado como de posgrado. En este artículo analizamos los másteres en enseñanza de ciencias sociales en Brasil (máster profesional en enseñanza) y España (máster en formación de profesores), buscando resaltar las singularidades de los dos modelos. Utilizamos de una revisión documental para hacer el análisis, articulando con la literatura en el campo. Como resultados enfatizamos tanto los diferentes propósitos del máster en enseñanza en ambos países, como el mayor énfasis en la teoría, en el caso brasileño, y en la práctica, en el caso español.
La cooperación educativa y cultural entre España e India. Logros y retos
Authors: Rodrigo-Mateu Amparo
Published: July 2021

Este artículo toma como referencia las relaciones educativas y culturales entre Españae India a través de dos proyectos oficiales españoles, el programa MAEC*-AECID** deLectorados de español en Universidades Extranjeras y el Instituto Cervantes. El objetivoes analizar la situación actual y estudiar posibilidades de maximizar la cooperaciónbilateral en materia educativa y cultural entre España e India, un país que sobrepasa los1300 millones de habitantes, con una población y una economía en desarrollo, y con unvolumen de clase media y una población joven en aumento. Creemos que este impulsopor desarrollar un trabajo conjunto y coordinado, el cual debe involucrar también a institucionesindias, permitirá compartir experiencias y conocimientos y favorecerá el compromisoinstitucional con la educación para el desarrollo sostenible a través de proyectosoficiales de enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y de difusión cultural en países emergentes.
Does the Reprocessing of Endoscopes Have to Take Place Immediately after Pre-Cleaning? A First Evaluation
Authors: Eichel Vanessa M , Jabs Jonas M , Unser Samy , Mutters Nico T , Scherrer Martin
Published: July 2021

Background/Aims: The recommendations on the time interval between pre-cleaning and reprocessing of endoscopes differ in international guidelines, with a low level of evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of postponing reprocessing on the reprocessing quality after pre-cleaning the flexible endoscopes.Methods: We reprocessed 124 standardized test tubes simulating endoscope channels after soiling and contamination and determined the reprocessing performance. In addition, we examined contaminated gastroscopes, colonoscopes, and bronchoscopes. The duration of interim storage after pre-cleaning was 16 h for 100 test tubes and up to 24 h for 18 endoscopes. We determined the residual protein content and germ load as markers for cleaning and disinfection performance. In addition, we determined biofilm formation by photometry of crystal violet staining.Results: All test tubes and flexible endoscopes showed residual protein content and germ load significantly below legally prescribed threshold values, independent of the interval between pre-cleaning and reprocessing.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that flexible endoscopes could be stored overnight after pre-cleaning without any influence on the quality of reprocessing. While ensuring patient safety, this could simplify logistical processes and enable cost savings.
Special Courts as Nigerian Criminal Justice Response to the Plight of Awaiting Trial Inmates in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Onyejegbu Chukwuemeka Dominic , Onwuama Emeka M. , ONAH  , Chijioke Celestine , Okpa John Thompson , Ajah Benjamin Okorie
Published: July 2021

This study looks at how using special courts can provide succor to the plight of awaiting trial inmates in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. The study adopted quantitative and qualitative research methods, with a sample of 1,498 respondents comprising 617 police officers, 623 awaiting-trial inmates, 113 court staff, and 145 prison officers drawn from Ebonyi State. Purposive and Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to reach the respondents. The quantitative data was descriptively analyzed using percentages and charts, while a thematic method of analysis was employed in the qualitative data. The findings revealed that, while there has been an uptick in awaiting trial problems, there is no meaningful provision to address them, despite the existence of provisions within the Nigerian legal framework. The article calls for the creation of special courts that are equipped to address peculiar crime cases in a more effective and faster manner. These courts are better poised to address the peculiarities of special cases and pass better and faster judgments.