bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep brain stimulation of the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus to treat essential tremor improves motor sequence learning
Authors: Terzic Laila , Voegtle Angela , Farahat Amr , Hartong Nanna , Galazky Imke , Nasuto Slawomir J. , Andrade Adriano de Oliveira , Knight Robert T. , Ivry Richard B. , Voges Jürgen , Buentjen Lars , Sweeney‐Reed Catherine M.
Published: July 2022

The network of brain structures engaged in motor sequence learning comprises the same structures as those involved in tremor, including basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and motor cortex. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventrointermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) reduces tremor, but the effects on motor sequence learning are unknown. We investigated whether VIM stimulation has an impact on motor sequence learning and hypothesized that stimulation effects depend on the laterality of electrode location. Twenty patients (age: 38–81 years; 12 female) with VIM electrodes implanted to treat essential tremor (ET) successfully performed a serial reaction time task, varying whether the stimuli followed a repeating pattern or were selected at random, during which VIM‐DBS was either on or off. Analyses of variance were applied to evaluate motor sequence learning performance according to reaction times (RTs) and accuracy. An interaction was observed between whether the sequence was repeated or random and whether VIM‐DBS was on or off (F[1,18] = 7.89,p = .012). Motor sequence learning, reflected by reduced RTs for repeated sequences, was greater with DBS on than off (T[19] = 2.34,p = .031). Stimulation location correlated with the degree of motor learning, with greater motor learning when stimulation targeted the lateral VIM (n = 23,ρ = 0.46;p = .027). These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of VIM‐DBS on motor sequence learning in ET patients, particularly with lateral VIM electrode location, and provide evidence for a role for the VIM in motor sequence learning.
The emotional burden of caregiving for patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Saleh Zachary M. , Salim Najat E. , Nikirk Samantha , Serper Marina , Tapper Elliot B.
Published: July 2022

Caregivers for patients with cirrhosis face immense physical and psychological strain that negatively impact quality of life and ability to care for oneself. The aim is to explore the caregiver experience for patients with cirrhosis, identify prominent stressors, and understand the multidimensional contributors to caregiver burden, to help tailor effective interventions. The caregivers of 25 patients with decompensated cirrhosis underwent semistructured in‐person interviews and completed written exercises targeting emotional disclosure or resilience training that were analyzed for dominant emotions and themes. Burden was quantified using the Zarit Burden Interview‐12 (ZBI, range 0–48), Distress Thermometer (0–10), and Caregiver Captivity Index (0–4). Quality of life was assessed with a visual analog scale (0–100). Median ZBI was moderate (14 [10–19]), as was distress (5 [2–7]), and captivity (2 [1–4]). Quality of life was fair (80 [70–85]). Dominant emotions included anxiety, guilt, fear, frustration, captivity, and resentment. Prominent themes included lack of time for self‐care, hierarchy of caregiver role, support from versus frustration with medical professionals, social support, spirituality and religion, and disease‐related restrictions. Hepatic encephalopathy, and need to follow strict nutrition and diet recommendations, are frequent sources of disease‐related caregiver burden. The health care system confers some degree of burden, especially when doubts arise regarding physician competence. Conclusion: Caregiver burden is significant. The impact of interventions to alleviate caregiver burden should be explored, so that their appreciated efforts do not have such detrimental effects on their quality of life.
Physical intuition of entropy generation in a mixed convective hybrid nanofluid flow with chemical reaction, cross‐diffusion, and transpiration
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Suresh Kumar Raju S. , Vajravelu K. , Kumam Poom , Raju C. S. K. , Siva Rama Raju S. V.
Published: July 2022

Compared with methanol (pure) and blood, methanol‐ and blood‐based nanofluids are significant with numerous characteristics, including thermophysical effects and immersion rate of CO2 in tray column absorber. Blood‐based liquids show importance in biological treatments like digestion as well as breathing systems. Mixed convective conditions and suction or injection are helpful in controlling the heating or the cooling in industrial applications. Keeping this in view, we examined the physical perception of entropy generation (EG) in a mixed convective hybrid nanofluid (HBN) flow with chemical reaction, cross‐diffusion, and transpiration in a curved surface with activation energy and thermal radiation. Transformed principal equations are determined with the assistance of a fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method with a shooting technique. We obtained solutions for two different cases, that is, for hybrid (mixture of cases) (magnetite + hematite + blood) and (magnetite + hematite + methanol). Obtained results are discussed via graphs and tables. Also, we discussed the effects of the Bejan number and the EG. We found that the EG appears more conspicuously in the case of magnetite + hematite + methanol compare to magnetite + hematite + blood case. We also found that in the magnetite + hematite + methanol case the flow and heat transfer characteristics are more pronounced compared with that in the case of magnetite + hematite + blood. This helps us to choose magnetite + hematite + blood or magnetite + hematite + methanol compositions in the manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the rate of heat transfer can be enhanced up to 16.42% in the case of methanol‐based HBN while the rate of heat transfer can be enhanced up to 19.16% in the case of blood‐based HBN.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cytology and HPV‐related biomarkers for anal cancer screening among different risk groups
Authors: Clarke Megan A. , Deshmukh Ashish A. , Suk Ryan , Roberts Jennifer , Gilson Richard , Jay Naomi , Stier Elizabeth A. , Wentzensen Nicolas
Published: July 2022

To inform optimal approaches for detecting anal precancers, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of anal cancer screening tests in different populations with elevated risk for anal cancer. We conducted a literature search of studies evaluating tests for anal precancer and cancer (anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse, AIN2+) published between January 1, 1997 to September 30, 2021 in PubMed and Embase. Titles and abstracts were screened for inclusion and included articles underwent full‐text review, data abstraction and quality assessment. We estimated the prevalence of AIN2+ and calculated summary estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of test positivity, sensitivity and specificity and predictive values of various testing strategies, overall and among population subgroups. A total of 39 articles were included. The prevalence of AIN2+ was 20% (95% CI, 17‐29%), and ranged from 22% in men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV to 13% in women and 12% in MSM without HIV. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology and HPV testing were 81% and 62% and 92% and 42%, respectively, and 93% and 33%, respectively for cytology and HPV co‐testing. AIN2+ risks were similar among those testing positive for cytology, HPV, or co‐testing. Limited data on other biomarkers (HPV E6/E7 mRNA and p16/Ki‐67 dual stain), suggested higher specificity, but lower sensitivity compared with anal cytology and HPV. Our findings provide important evidence for the development of clinical guidelines using anal cytology and HPV testing for anal cancer screening.
COVID‐19 outcomes in children, adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Parker Rebecca S. , Le Justin , Doan Andrew , Aguayo‐Hiraldo Paibel , Pannaraj Pia S. , Rushing Teresa , Malvar Jemily , O'Gorman Maurice R. , Dien Bard Jennifer , Parekh Chintan
Published: July 2022

Pediatric oncology patients are at risk for poor outcomes with respiratory viral infections. Outcome data for COVID‐19 in children and young adults with cancer are needed; data are sparse for obese/overweight and adolescent and young adult subgroups. We conducted a single center cohort study of COVID‐19 outcomes in patients younger than 25 years with cancer. Candidate hospitalization risk factors were analyzed via univariable and multivariable analyses. Eighty‐seven patients with cancer and COVID‐19 were identified. Most were Hispanic/Latinx (n = 63, 72%). Forty‐two (48%) were overweight/obese. Anticancer therapy included chemotherapy only (n = 64, 74%), chimeric antigen receptor T‐cells (CAR‐T, n = 7), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT, n = 12), or CAR‐T and HSCT (n = 4). There was no COVID‐19 related mortality. Twenty‐six patients (30%) required COVID‐19 related hospitalization; 4 required multiple hospitalizations. Nine (10%) had severe/critical infection; 6 needed intensive care. COVID‐19 resulted in anticancer therapy delays in 22 (34%) of 64 patients on active therapy (median delay = 14 days). Factors associated with hospitalization included steroids within 2 weeks prior to infection, lymphopenia, previous significant non‐COVID infection, and low COVID‐19 PCR cycle threshold value. CAR‐T recipients with B‐cell aplasia tended to have severe/critical infection (3 of 7 patients). A COVID‐19 antibody response was detected in 14 of 32 patients (44%). A substantial proportion of COVID‐19 infected children and young adults with cancer require inpatient management; morbidity may be high in B‐cell immunodeficiency. However, a majority of patients can be taken through chemotherapy without prolonged therapy delays. Viral load is a potential outcome predictor in COVID‐19 in pediatric cancer.
Longitudinal and bidirectional associations between family conflict and adolescents' e‐cigarette use
Authors: Finan Laura J. , Ellis Miranda , Solka Jake , Jasinski Luke , Ohannessian Christine M.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

This study examined potential longitudinal and bidirectional relationships between family conflict and adolescent e‐cigarette use, and whether gender moderated these associations.

Methods

Adolescents (NT1 = 1334; Mage = 13.11, SD = 0.82; 52% female; 50% White) from the United States completed surveys in the spring of 2016 and again in the fall of 2017.

Results

Logistic regression analyses indicated that after controlling for previous e‐cigarette use, family conflict was positively associated with a greater likelihood of e‐cigarette use 6 months later. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that after controlling for previous family conflict, e‐cigarette use was associated with increases in later family conflict, particularly for girls.

Conclusions

Study findings highlight reducing family conflict and supporting family functioning as a possible intervention target for adolescent e‐cigarette use, a major public health problem.
MicroRNA‐338‐3p as a therapeutic target in cardiac fibrosis through FGFR2 suppression
Authors: Huang Cheng , Wang Rui , Lu Jianjun , He Yongli , Wu Yueheng , Ma Wuxia , Xu Jindong , Wu Zejia , Feng Zhe , Wu Min
Published: July 2022

Background

The development of cardiac fibrosis involves the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and their differentiation into myofibroblasts, which leads to the disruption of the extracellular matrix network. In the past few years, microRNAs (miRNA) have been described as potential targets for treating cardiac diseases. Although miR‐338‐3p has been shown to participate in the development of carcinoma, whether it affects cardiac fibrosis is unclear.

Methods

We examined the expression profiles of microRNAs in left ventricular samples of heart failure mice established by thoracic aortic constriction (TAC). Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR‐338‐3p. CCK‐8 assay/Transwell migration assay was used to measure the proliferation rate/migration of CFs. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to test the binding between miR‐338‐3p and FGFR2.

Results

This study demonstrated that miR‐338‐3p was significantly decreased in thoracic aortic constriction mice. Cardiac miR‐338‐3p amounts were also reduced in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Interestingly, miR‐338‐3p overexpression inhibited α‐SMA, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression, as well as cell proliferation and migration in CFs. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays revealed FGFR2 was targeted by miR‐338‐3p, whose antifibrotic effect could be alleviated by overexpression of FGFR2. Moreover, in DCM cases, serum miR‐338‐3p levels were markedly elevated in individuals with worse outcomes.

Conclusions

The present study provides evidence that miR‐338‐3p suppresses cardiac fibroblast activation, proliferation, and migration by directly targeting FGFR2 in mice. Besides, serum miR‐338‐3p might constitute a potential prognostic biomarker of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Multinational enterprises' sustainability practices and focus on developing countries: Contributions and unexpected results of SDG implementation
Authors: Ordonez‐Ponce Eduardo , Talbot David
Published: July 2022

This article examines multinationals' (MNEs) sustainability practices focusing on the SDGs in developing countries through studying sustainability reports of multinationals from China (CMNEs) and developed countries (DMNEs). Findings show significant differences in MNEs' approaches to the SDGs. DMNEs prioritise education, health and poverty, whereas CMNEs emphasise poverty, education and cities in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Conversely, inequality, hunger, consumption and production, oceans and peace, justice and strong institutions are poorly addressed. Most importantly, while contributing to sustainability, they foster inequalities among developing countries by over‐focusing on China and India, against the pledge of Leaving No One Behind.
Rock1 is a novel host dependency factor of human enterovirus A71: Implication as a drug target
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Li Cun , Chiu Man Chun , Qiao Rui , Jiang Shibo , Wang Pengfei , Zhou Jie
Published: July 2022

Human enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) is the major causative agent of hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease (HFMD) commonly associated with severe neurological diseases, particularly in children under 5 years of age. Several investigational therapeutic agents and vaccine candidates are being developed. However, no approved drug against EV‐A71 infection is available, and no proven drug target has been identified. Since host kinases are key regulators of multiple signaling pathways in response to viral infections, here we screened a kinase inhibitor library and identified potent inhibitors against EV‐A71 infection. Among the hits, GSK269962A, a Rho Associated Coiled‐Coil Containing Protein Kinase (Rock) inhibitor with potent antiviral activity, was selected for further analysis. We found that this Rock inhibitor not only efficiently suppressed the replication of EV‐A71 in RD cells, but also in human intestinal organoids, in a dose‐dependent manner. Interestingly, small interfering RNA depletion of Rock1, but not Rock2, significantly restricted viral replication in RD cells, indicating that Rock1 is a novel host dependency factor for EV‐A71 replication and can serve as a target for the development of anti‐EV‐A71 therapeutics.
Cyberbullying on social media under the influence of COVID‐19
Authors: Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Al‐Anesi Maryam Ammar Lutf , Al‐Anesi Sarah Ammar Lutf
Published: July 2022

The sudden emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic has introduced new norms largely revolving around the use of social media, disrupting the mentality of Internet users, especially the youth, resulting in an increase in cyberbullying. The rise in the popularity of many apps that facilitate online interactions has increased the risk of cyberbullying incidents. Not only did the COVID‐19 pandemic transform social life, work, and education towards online modes of interaction, but it has also contributed to the ongoing digitization of bullying. As work moved to the home, so did bullying. This study aims to understand how the COVID‐19 pandemic, which affects social media usage, increases the incidence of cyberbullying. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 200 Malaysian participants. The results showed that the relationship between the COVID‐19 pandemic's influence and cyberbullying was significant. However, we failed to find any statistical evidence that gender moderates this relationship. This study found an increase in cyberbullying incidents resulting from the increased use of social media due to the COVID‐19 pandemic's influence. Our findings contribute to the body of knowledge on the prevalence of cyberbullying in Malaysia, which may benefit future research.
Ultrasonographic Spectrum of Cutaneous Cysts With Stratified Squamous Epithelium in Pediatric Dermatology: Pictorial Essay
Authors: Whittle Carolina , Silva‐Hirschberg Catalina , Loyola Khanty , Fajre Ximena , Andrews Ana
Published: July 2022

High‐resolution ultrasound (HRUS) is an important diagnostic method in dermatology, especially in pediatric population. The most common type of cutaneous cysts in children corresponds to cysts with stratified squamous epithelium (CSSE). The objective is to present the different ultrasonographic appearance of histologically proven CSSE in a retrospective review. Epidermoid, milium, trichilemmal, dermoid, and pilonidal cyst and steatocystomas are included. Utility of HRUS in diagnosis of cutaneous lesions is well established. It is important to know—and stay updated—about the wide spectrum of ultrasonographic appearance of CSSE in order to avoid misleading diagnoses.
Synthesis and Phase Behavior of (Semifluorinated Alkane)‐Based Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Copolymers
Authors: He Enjie , Tu Kai , Cheng Jiannan , Wang Yuxue , Lu Huanjun , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping
Published: July 2022

Side‐chain liquid crystalline polymer (SCLCP) usually contains a simple and flexible homopolymer as main chain, while its effect on the self‐assembly behavior is often ignored. In this work, in order to increase the structural complexity and investigate the interaction between the main chain and mesogens, perfluorinated segments are introduced into the main chain using a photoinduced Step Transfer‐Addition & Radical‐Termination polymerization method, producing a novel series of SCLCPs containing 4‐methoxyphenyl benzoate mesogens, soft hydrocarbon spacers, and a strictly alternating perfluoroalkyl and alkyl backbone. By adjusting the length of spacers or perfluoroalkyl segments, several mesophases with complex chain packing structures are achieved. This design strategy that constructing highly ordered liquid crystalline (LC) structures from SCLCPs with precise chemical structure provides a facile way toward novel LC nanomaterials.
3 Creative Marketing Strategies to Level Up Your Nonprofit Game in 2022
Authors: Pascoal Candice
Published: July 2022

Marketing for a nonprofit is not only about increasing the number of donors you attract. It is much more than that. An extensive creative marketing strategy for nonprofits helps your organization cement its position, inspires people to come forward for your cause, and drives change in society.
Theory‐guided machine learning for optimal autoclave co‐curing of sandwich composite structures
Authors: Lavaggi Tania , Samizadeh Mina , Niknafs Kermani Navid , Khalili Mohammad Mahdi , Advani Suresh G.
Published: July 2022

The bonding of a honeycomb core to the thermoset prepreg facesheets by co‐curing them allows one to manufacture composite sandwich structures in a single operation. However, the process is strongly dependent on the prescribed autoclave cure cycle. A previously developed physics‐based simulation can predict the bond quality as a function of the process parameters. The disadvantage of physics‐based simulations is the high computational effort needed to identify the optimal cure cycle to fabricate sandwich structures with desired bond‐line properties. Theory guided machine learning (TGML) methods have demonstrated their capabilities to reduce the computational effort for different applications. In this work, three TGML models are trained on a data set produced from physics‐based simulations to predict the co‐cure process of honeycomb sandwich structures. The accuracy of the TGML models were compared to select the best performing predictive tool. In addition to reduction of computational time by orders of magnitude, we demonstrate how the TGML tools can also quantify the contribution of each process parameter on the properties of the fabricated part. The most accurate model was implemented in an optimization routine to tune the input process parameters to obtain the desired properties such as the bond‐line porosity and facesheet consolidation level. This methodology could be extended to any process simulation of composites manufacturing processes.
Comparison of drug prescribing before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐national European study
Authors: Selke Krulichová Iva , Selke Gisbert W. , Bennie Marion , Hajiebrahimi Mohammadhossein , Nyberg Fredrik , Fürst Jurij , Garuolienė Kristina , Poluzzi Elisabetta , Slabý Juraj , Yahni Corinne Zara , Altini Mattia , Fantini Maria Pia , Kočí Václav , McTaggart Stuart , Pontes Caridad , Reno Chiara , Rosa Simona , Pedrola Marta Turu , Udovič Mitja , Wettermark Björn
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The COVID‐19 pandemic had an impact on health care, with disruption to routine clinical care. Our aim was to describe changes in prescription drugs dispensing in the primary and outpatient sectors during the first year of the pandemic across Europe.

Methods

We used routine administrative data on dispensed medicines in eight European countries (five whole countries, three represented by one region each) from January 2017 to March 2021 to compare the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic with the preceding 3 years.

Results

In the 10 therapeutic subgroups with the highest dispensed volumes across all countries/regions the relative changes between the COVID‐19 period and the year before were mostly of a magnitude similar to changes between previous periods. However, for drugs for obstructive airway diseases the changes in the COVID‐19 period were stronger in several countries/regions. In all countries/regions a decrease in dispensed DDDs of antibiotics for systemic use (from −39.4% in Romagna to −14.2% in Scotland) and nasal preparations (from −34.4% in Lithuania to −5.7% in Sweden) was observed. We observed a stockpiling effect in the total market in March 2020 in six countries/regions. In Czechia the observed increase was not significant and in Slovenia volumes increased only after the end of the first lockdown. We found an increase in average therapeutic quantity per pack dispensed, which, however, exceeded 5% only in Slovenia, Germany, and Czechia.

Conclusions

The findings from this first European cross‐national comparison show a substantial decrease in dispensed volumes of antibiotics for systemic use in all countries/regions. The results also indicate that the provision of medicines for common chronic conditions was mostly resilient to challenges faced during the pandemic. However, there were notable differences between the countries/regions for some therapeutic areas.
First‐principles study of the adsorption of flavonoids on graphene oxide
Authors: Zhao Meilian , Zhang Yunju , Qin Wenli , Guo Jinlin
Published: July 2022

Graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully adopted to efficiently extract flavonoids from different kinds of substance. The interactions between GO and flavonoids including quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol are researched via first‐principles calculations with M06‐2X functional. Among the studied systems, the adsorption of quercetin on GO is the strongest. Interaction type analysis and charge density differences analysis both show that hydrogen bonds and π–π interaction mainly exist during the adsorption process. The number and position of hydroxyl group in flavonoids determine the adsorption ability. The higher the number of hydroxyl group in flavonoids, the better is the adsorption of the compound on GO. In addition, solvent effect is also calculated by polarized continuum model (PCM). The stability of the adsorption systems enhances in solvents. However, the higher the dielectric constant of the solvent, the lower is the stability and the weaker is the adsorption ability of the adsorption systems. The results are significant in developing new excellent sorbents for solid‐phase extraction of flavonoids.
A novel benzoxazine derived from diphenol amide for toughing commercial benzoxazine via copolymerization
Authors: Zheng Yanglei , Qian Zizhao , Sun Haoran , Jiang Junyi , Fu Feiya , Li Haidong , Liu Xiangdong
Published: July 2022

Polybenzoxazines have a variety of advantages over most polymers, but the brittle feature limits the range of their applications. The most effective way for benzoxazine toughing is to copolymerize them with a well‐designed benzoxazine monomer able to contribute self‐plasticizing action. Here, a new bio‐based benzoxazine was synthesized from diphenolic acid (DPA), the sustainable candidate of bisphenol A. By introducing three aliphatic chains into DPA, the special benzoxazine able to provide remarkable toughness effect is obtained. For the synthesis, DPA is amidated using lauryl amine to diphenolic lauramide (DLA) first, then convert to a benzoxazine (DLA‐la) by Mannich‐like reaction with lauryl amine and paraformaldehyde. A commercial benzoxazine, bis(4‐(2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazin‐3(4H)‐yl)phenyl)methane (PH‐ddm), is employed as the toughing object to test the possibility of using DLA‐la would offer a significant toughing effect. Experimental results show that DLA‐la/PH‐ddm blending would result in a perfect resin without phase separation, which exhibits an improved elongation at break higher by 70.5% than the bulk PH‐ddm resin, while keeps tensile strength at 44.69 MPa. As the proposed toughing principle could be applied to a variety of commercially available benzoxazines, this research broadly contributes toward the development of benzoxazine industries.
Patient participation in multidisciplinary tumor conferences in breast and gynecological cancer care: How patient‐centered is the communication?
Authors: Schellenberger Barbara , Heuser Christian , Diekmann Annika , Ansmann Lena , Krüger Emily , Schreiber Leonie , Geiser Franziska , Karger André , Schmidt‐Wolf Ingo G. H. , Milz Katrin , Peisker Uwe , Ernstmann Nicole
Published: July 2022

Objective

Patients' participation is part of patient‐centeredness, but it is so far unclear whether providers in multidisciplinary tumor conferences (MTCs) with patient participation communicate in a patient‐centered way. Our aim is to explore (a) to what extent providers ask questions to breast and gynecological cancer patients during case discussion in MTCs, (b) how providers respond to patients' expressions of emotions during case discussions, and (c) which patient‐ and context‐related characteristics and responses are associated with patients' trust in the treatment team after the case discussion.

Methods

This observational study included survey data and audio recordings of MTCs with patient participation at three breast and gynecological cancer centers. Providers' questions to patients and responses to patients' emotional expressions were coded using the Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences. The response can be explicitly or non‐explicitly related to the emotion and space‐reducing or space‐providing. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine associations between providers' responses, patient‐ and context‐related characteristics, and patients' trust in the treatment team after the case discussion.

Results

We analyzed 82 case discussions (77 breast, 5 breast and gynecological cancer patients). Providers asked a total of 646 questions, of which 86% were polar (yes/no). Providers gave 303 responses to a total of 230 emotional expressions by patients. Non‐explicit responses were associated with more trust when they were space‐providing, but with less trust when space‐reducing.

Conclusions

The frequency of providers' closed questions and space‐reducing responses to emotions shows that patient‐centered communication rarely takes place in MTCs with patient participation.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Single Screw Extrusion Process for Thermoplastic PBX Based on PVT Properties
Authors: Bu Yufan , Chen Chunyan , Jiang Fan , Wang Xiaofeng , Che Defu , Nan Hai
Published: July 2022

Much of surplus ammunition stockpile inevitably requires demilitarized processing technology in the explosives industry. For the safe waste treatment and recycle, the thermoplastic polymer bonded explosive (PBX) can effectively reduce the military cost and non‐conforming products. In addition, the thermoplastic PBX has excellent application prospect as the future explosive due to the good mechanical properties and insensitivity. However, for high solid content, most of thermoplastic PBXs still maintain a considerable viscosity even in high‐temperature melting state, rendering traditional casting process unsuitable. In this study, a measuring method was adopted to accurately obtain the correlation of Pressure‐Volume‐Temperature (PVT) for the simulative materials of thermoplastic PBX at first. The equations of state for PVT and viscosity model were then created, which are of great significance in single screw extrusion. An experiment system of single screw extrusion was designed to implement the molding process considering the poor liquidity problem of the thermoplastic materials. Excellent molding stability (ρ<0.5 % variation) was achieved for the extrusion system. Moreover, a numerical investigation was also performed. Good agreements were yielded by comparing the simulation data and experimental results. The effects of operational parameters, i. e., the entrance pressure, barrel temperature and rotation speed on molding process of the thermoplastic materials were investigated in detail. The wall shear stress decreases with the feed inlet well sealed whereas the maximum temperature rise increases a little due to limited thermal diffusion. Either increasing temperature or decreasing rotation speed is beneficial to overall process safety. However, production cycle and attainable molding density also need to be considered at the same time. Furthermore, the process parameters should be optimized on the basis of the PVT and viscosity properties of material in practice. The investigations above can be a better guidance for the development and implementation of thermoplastic PBXs molding process.
Enhancement of Adhesion and Antibending Performance of Ag Circuit on Polyimide Fabricated by Heat‐Assisted Direct Ink Writing Method
Authors: Wu Wenjie , Xie Xiaozhu , Shen Chao , Long Jiangyou , Ren Qinglei , Hu Wei
Published: July 2022

Herein, flexible circuits with enhanced adhesion and antibending resistance are fabricated by heat‐assisted direct ink writing. The experimental parameters are explored under different nozzle sizes, angles, heights, direct writing speeds, and heating temperatures by selecting an appropriate extrusion speed. The solvent evaporation caused by heating temperature enables the metal particles to densify quickly to form a conductive path. This method is suitable for fabricating devices on polyimide (PI) with appropriate direct writing parameters and is simple to operate. A flexible Ag circuit with a resistivity of 4.31 × 10−8 Ω m and good resistance after 20 000 consecutive bending cycles is fabricated with a nozzle size of 32G, a nozzle height of 10 μm, a nozzle angle of 90°, an extrusion speed of 5 μm min−1, a substrate heating temperature of 70 °C, and a direct writing speed of 1 mm s−1. Large‐area complex flexible display LED arrays are fabricated using thermally assisted direct ink writing.
Thermal Annealing Effect on the Thermoluminescence Properties of Commercial High‐Pressure High‐Temperature Diamond Powders
Authors: Calderón-Martínez María Claudia , Gil-Tolano María Inés , Cruz-Zaragoza Epifanio , Meléndrez Rodrigo , Chernov Valery , Barboza-Flores Marcelino
Published: July 2022

Diamond applications as thermoluminescence (TL) radiation detectors and dosimeters are extensively studied, especially in synthetic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and high‐pressure high‐temperature (HPHT) diamonds. Herein, a comparative study of the thermal annealing (TA) effect on the TL properties of four samples of commercial HPHT microdiamonds (MD) powder with a 10–600 μm‐sized range purchased from PlasmaChem is reported. The TL measurements and irradiations are performed using a RISØ TL/OSL reader (β‐radiation, 90Sr/90Y). The TL glow curve analysis and dose behavior are studied with and without TA. The TL glow curves are composed of mainly two broadbands located around room temperature (RT) at 127 °C and 127–400 °C. TA at higher temperatures produces a shift of the maximum TL peak toward the higher‐temperature side. After TA at 1000 °C, the TL repeatability is significantly improved with deviations around 3.4%, showing better TL performance. The TL fading in 24 h immediately after irradiation at RT is observed to be around 49–60% without TA and 18–26% after TA at 1000 °C. The present findings demonstrate that TA at 1000 °C increases the TL performance of the HPHT MD particles as TL dosimeters suitable for ionizing radiation.
Distributed control reconfiguration of nonlinear interconnected systems in the presence of actuator faults
Authors: Kazemi Ali , Kharrati Hamed , Badamchizadeh Mohammad Ali , Ghiasi Amir Rikhtehgar
Published: July 2022

This article proposes a new method of distributed fault‐tolerant control for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with actuator faults. This method is based on fault‐hiding idea as a reconfiguration control scheme and tries to redesign the control signal according to the dynamics of the faulty subsystem. Based on fault‐hiding principle, after diagnosing actuator faults, control signals are modified by a predesigned dynamic block which is implemented in the closed‐loop control structure with the same nominal controller. Subsystems are considered as nonlinear Lipschitz systems which interact with each other through nonlinear interconnection dynamics. Because of interactions, occurring a fault in one subsystem causes instability in the overall large‐scale system. A distributed control scheme based on solving a new linear matrix inequality is presented to obtain the control inputs so that it can recover stability and performance of the overall system. Simulation results illustrate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Machine learning based iterative learning control for non‐repetitive time‐varying systems
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Jiang Wei , Charalambous Themistoklis
Published: July 2022

The repetitive tracking task for time‐varying systems (TVSs) with non‐repetitive time‐varying parameters at each trial, which is also called non‐repetitive TVSs, is realized in this article using iterative learning control (ILC). A machine learning (ML) based nominal model update mechanism, which utilizes the linear regression technique to update the nominal model at each ILC trial using only the current trial information, is proposed for non‐repetitive TVSs in order to enhance the ILC performance. Given that the ML mechanism forces the model uncertainties to remain within the ILC robust tolerance, an ILC update law is proposed to deal with non‐repetitive TVSs. How to tune parameters inside ML and ILC algorithms to achieve the desired aggregate performance is also provided. The robustness and reliability of the proposed method are verified by real experiments. Real data comparison with current state‐of‐the‐art methods demonstrates its superior control performance in terms of controlling precision. This article broadens ILC applications from time‐invariant systems to non‐repetitive TVSs, adopts ML regression technique to estimate non‐repetitive time‐varying parameters between two ILC trials and proposes a detailed parameter tuning mechanism to achieve desired performance, which are the main contributions.
Tandem Nanostructures: A Prospective Platform for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhao Huaping , Wang Zhijie , Hannappel Thomas , Kramm Ulrike I. , Etzold Bastian J. M. , Lei Yong
Published: July 2022

A platform for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting must fulfil different requirements: the absorption of the solar spectrum should be maximized in use for charge carrier generation. To avoid recombination, fast separation of charge carriers is required and the energetic positions of the band structure(s) must be optimized with respect to the water splitting reactions. In these respects, constructing tandem nanostructures with rationally designed nanostructured units offers a potential opportunity to break the performance bottleneck imposed by the unitary nanostructure. So far, quite a few tandem nanostructures have been designed, fabricated, and employed to improve the efficiency of PEC water splitting, and significant achievements have been realized. This review focuses on the current advances in tandem nanostructures for PEC water splitting. Firstly, the state of the art for tandem nanostructures applied in PEC water splitting is summarized. Secondly, the advances in this field and advantages arising of employing tandem nanostructures for PEC water splitting are outlined. Subsequently, different types of tandem nanostructures are reviewed, including core‐shell tandem nanostructured photoelectrode, the two‐photoelectrode tandem cell, and the tandem nanostructures of plasmon related devices for PEC water splitting. Based on this, the future perspective of this field is proposed.
Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites with Narrow Phase Distribution for Air‐Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Ramakrishnan Shripathi , Li Hao , Xu Yuanze , Shin Dongyoon , Dursun Ibrahim , Cotlet Mircea , Zhang Yugang , Yu Qiuming
Published: July 2022

2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites have risen to prominence as stable and efficient photovoltaic materials because of their structural diversity, rich photophysics, and low moisture ingression. However, thin films processed from stoichiometric precursor solutions possess a broad phase distribution of different number of inorganic layers with random crystal orientation, crippling device performance. The effect of methylammonium chloride (MACl) and 3‐amino‐4‐phenolsulfonic acid (APSA) on the fabrication of perpendicularly oriented (PEA)2MA4Pb5I16 films with narrow phase distribution using antisolvent and hot‐casting processing techniques is investigated. MACl plays a critical role in suppressing parasitic n ≤ 2 and 3D‐like phases. APSA performs the dual function of trap passivation and further narrowing phase polydispersity through strong coordination with Pb2+. Ex situ grazing‐incident wide‐angle X‐Ray scattering (GIWAXS) and ultrafast spectroscopic characterization reveal uniformly mixed‐phase distribution with disordered orientation in antisolvent treated films, while additive‐assisted hot‐casting treatment results in oriented, reverse‐graded phase distribution, i.e., small‐n on the film surface and large‐n at the bottom. Arising thin films enable efficient p–i–n solar cells with an efficiency of 14.34%, and a Voc of 1.20 V, retaining 96% initial efficiency after 1440 h under ambient conditions (RH = 50–60%) without encapsulation.
Event‐sourced, observable software architectures: An experience report
Authors: Alongi Francesco , Bersani Marcello M. , Ghielmetti Nicolò , Mirandola Raffaela , Tamburri Damian A.
Published: July 2022

The speeding growth of the IT market and the spreading of disruptive technologies are leading towards more and more risky operations in need of constant upkeep, monitoring as well as proactive orchestration. On the one hand, the property allowing a system to be catered by automated monitoring and healing technology is defined as
observability
. On the other hand, appropriate design principles to manifest observability were originally referred as
event sourcing
by its inventor Martin Fowler and warrant for the aforementioned sustainable software operations. Both event sourcing and observability are complex to leverage on and design for. In an effort to understand more on both concepts, we offer an experience report on their practical use, featuring: (1) a rigorous definition of software architecture observability and a set of principles to design for observability using augmented forms of well‐known design patterns in line with event sourcing; and (2) an impact analysis in the context of a case study. Our study reveals several interesting notions around the concept of observability but our findings also make explicit new architecture trade‐offs that software architects and stakeholders need to consider as first‐class architecture‐level concerns.
Shedding light on the enigmatic extinct insect order Glosselytrodea: new diversity and key morphological insights into non‐tegmenized Permian forms
Authors: Pérez‐de la Fuente Ricardo , Nel André , Poschmann Markus J.
Published: July 2022

Glosselytrodeans are enigmatic extinct (Permian–Jurassic) insects classified in their own order. The monophyly of Glosselytrodea is not universally accepted and its large‐scale relationships remain problematic, namely because its diversity is largely known from hardened (i.e. tegmenized/‘elytrized’) forewings of allegedly derived forms. Thus, new data on the group’s early diversity and/or complete specimens are critical. Herein we describe the oldest glosselytrodean known,Moscheloptera phantasmagen. et sp. nov. (Permoberothidae), based on a forewing from the Niedermoschel black shale (Germany; early Permian). The holotype ofPermoberotha villosaTillyard (Permoberothidae) (a forewing) and a previously described complete conspecific specimen, both from Elmo (USA; early Permian), are reassessed and photographically figured for the first time. A new, completeP. villosaspecimen from Elmo preserves body structures hitherto not reported among glosselytrodeans, including complex pretarsal claws and detailed male genitalia. The holotypes of two further species,Sylvaelytron latipennatumNovokshonov (herein transferred to Permoberothidae) andArchoglossopterum shoricumMartynova (Archoglossopteridae), are also reassessed and figured. An emended diagnosis and an updated catalogue of the Glosselytrodea are provided.GlossopterumSharov is returned to its own family: Glossopteridae Sharov. Our findings substantially expand the knowledge of the Permoberothidae, which is the earliest glosselytrodean lineage and lacks sclerotization‐related forewing specializations. Although the exact phylogenetic position of glosselytrodeans is still unresolved, the female and male terminalia described herein almost certainly support them as early holometabolan insects, possibly closer to the mecopterid rather than the neuropteroid lineage. Shedding light on Glosselytrodea improves our understanding of the early evolution of the Holometabola.
Biomaterial‐Based Therapeutic Approaches to Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Repair Through Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Das Piyali , Jana Sonali , Kumar Nandi Samit
Published: July 2022

There is an ever‐increasing clinical and socioeconomic burden associated with cartilage lesions & osteoarthritis (OA). Its progression, chondrocyte death & hypertrophy are all facilitated by inflamed synovium & joint environment. Due to their capacity to switch between pro‐ & anti‐inflammatory phenotypes, macrophages are increasingly being recognized as a key player in the healing process, which has been largely overlooked in the past. A biomaterial‘s inertness has traditionally been a goal while developing them in order to reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions from the host organism. A better knowledge of how macrophages respond to implanted materials has made it feasible to determine the biomaterial architectural parameters that control the host response & aid in effective tissue integration. Thus, this review summarizes novel therapeutic techniques for avoiding OA or increasing cartilage repair & regeneration that might be developed using new technologies tuning macrophages into desirable functional phenotypes.
The Representation of Race in English Language Learning Textbooks: Inclusivity and Equality in Images
Authors: Bowen Neil Evan Jon Anthony , Hopper Derek
Published: July 2022

Ensuring adequate inclusivity in educational materials is a matter of ethics and fairness, as well as a means to maximize learning processes. Yet, over the last thirty years, research has continually shown that English language teaching/learning textbooks present material that favors the representation of Whites over other races. To investigate if this is still the case, we explore inclusivity of race with regard to 1648 image participants found in five popular textbooks. We investigate frequency of occurrence, physical presence (size on page), and projected social relationship between viewer and image participant, drawing on a social semiotic framework for the latter. Results show that the presence of race is (still) heavily skewed toward Whites, both in terms of overall numbers and spatial affordance. Results also show considerable variation across the textbooks quantitatively and qualitatively with regard to racial representation. Nevertheless, there is some regularity with regard to certain image types, which appear to reflect the books' pedagogical foci. Based on these findings and others, we argue for a change in thinking—from the ideal to the practical—and for textbook producers to finally stand up and make substantive changes to how they represent race in imagery, both quantitatively and qualitatively.