bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective synthesis of α-chiral sulfonates through palladium-catalyzed Tsuji–Trost sulfonylation with sulfur dioxide
Authors: He Xiaochun , Zhou Fei , Wang Qingqing , Wang Xiaohong , Chang Zhiqian , Zhang Xuemei , Lian Zhong
Published: December 2024

We present a novel palladium-catalyzed asymmetric Tsuji–Trost reaction featuring sulfur dioxide insertion through a palladium-sulfonyl intermediate. This method yields α-chiral sulfonates with high efficiency and excellent enantioselectivities.
Preparation and characterization of highly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) from the scales of an anadromous fish (Tenualosa ilisha): a comparative study with the freshwater fish scale (Labeo rohita) derived HAp
Authors: Bin Mobarak Mashrafi , Chowdhury Fariha , Ahmed Samina
Published: December 2024

HAp from Tenualosa ilisha scales had a monoclinic structure, while HAp from Labeo rohita scales had a hexagonal structure, despite identical preparation methods.
Production of pazopanib hydrochloride nanoparticles (anti-kidney cancer drug) using a supercritical gas antisolvent (GAS) method
Authors: Bazaei Majid , Honarvar Bizhan , Esfandiari Nadia , Sajadian Seyed Ali , Aboosadi Zahra Arab
Published: December 2024

Supercritical fluid-based methods have been receiving increasing popularity in the production of pharmaceutical nanoparticles due to their ability to control the size and distribution of the particles and offer high purity products.
Advanced fabrication techniques for polymer–metal nanocomposite films: state-of-the-art innovations in energy and electronic applications
Authors: Tayyab Muhammad , Zizhe Liu , Rauf Sajid , Xu Zixuan , Sagar R. U. R. , Faiz Faisal , Tayyab Zuhra , Rehman Rashid Ur , Imran Muhammad , Waheed Anjam , Javed Rida , Surulinathan A. , Zafar Zulakha , Fu Xian-Zhu , Luo Jing-Li
Published: December 2024

Fabrication techniques for polymer–metal composite films in energy and electronic applications: a comprehensive review.
Long oligos: direct chemical synthesis of genes with up to 1728 nucleotides
Authors: Yin Yipeng , Arneson Reed , Yuan Yinan , Fang Shiyue
Published: December 2024

Low steric hindrance, low error rate: conducting synthesis on a smooth surface made direct synthesis of 1000-nucleotide oligos a reality.
Safe and stable Zn-lignin batteries with a biopolymer based hydrogel electrolyte
Authors: Ail Ujwala , Backe Jakob , Khan Zia Ullah , Shu Rui , Phopase Jaywant , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Reverant
Published: December 2024

Safe, economical and high-performance aqueous Zn-lignin batteries with an agarose–glycerol based hydrogel electrolyte containing non-fluorinated salts.
A piezo-self-Fenton system based on dual co-catalyst modified Bi4Ti3O12 with accelerated Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle and efficient in situ production of H2O2
Authors: Cui Yongfei , Yuan Panpan , Liu Wei , Wang Zhuo , Pal Subhajit , Briscoe Joe
Published: December 2024

A novel piezo-self-Fenton system featuring accelerated Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle and efficient in situ production of H2O2 was proposed.
Advanced functional inorganic materials for information technology and applications
Authors: Wang Xuebin , Zeng Haibo , Xia Zhiguo
Published: December 2024

Guest editors Xuebin Wang, Haibo Zeng, and Zhiguo Xia introduce this themed collection on advanced functional inorganic materials for information technology and applications.
Beyond the horizon: Quantifying the full sky foreground wedge in the cylindrical power spectrum
Authors: Munshi S. , Mertens F. G. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Offringa A. R. , Ceccotti E. , Brackenhoff S. A. , Chege J. K. , Gehlot B. K. , Ghosh S. , Höfer C. , Mevius M.
Published: December 2024

One of the main obstacles preventing the detection of the redshifted 21 cm signal from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe is the astrophysical foreground emission, which is several orders of magnitude brighter than the signal. The foregrounds, due to their smooth spectra, are expected to predominantly occupy a region in the cylindrical power spectrum known as the foreground wedge. However, the conventional equations describing the extent of the foreground wedge are derived under a flat-sky approximation. This assumption breaks down for tracking wide-field instruments, thus rendering these equations inapplicable in these situations. In this paper we derive equations for the full sky foreground wedge, and show that the foregrounds can potentially extend far beyond what the conventional equations suggest. We also derive the equations that describe a specific bright source in the cylindrical power spectrum space. The validity of both sets of equations is tested against numerical simulations. Many current and upcoming interferometers (e.g., LOFAR, NenuFAR, MWA, SKA) are wide-field phase-tracking instruments. These equations give us new insights into the nature of foreground contamination in the cylindrical power spectra estimated using wide-field instruments. Additionally, they allow us to accurately associate features in the power spectrum with foregrounds or instrumental effects. The equations are also important for correctly selecting the epoch of reionization (EoR) window for foreground avoidance analyses, and for planning 21 cm observations. In future analyses, we recommend using these updated horizon lines to indicate the foreground wedge in the cylindrical power spectrum accurately. The new equations for generating the updated wedge lines are made available in the Python library, pslines.
Spectral resolution effects on the information content in solar spectra
Authors: Díaz Baso C. J. , Milić I. , Rouppe van der Voort L. , Schlichenmaier R.
Published: December 2024

Context. When interpreting spectropolarimetric observations of the solar atmosphere, wavelength variations in the emergent intensity and polarization translate into information on the depth stratification of physical parameters such as the temperature, velocity, and magnetic field. Resolving the fine details in the shapes of the spectral lines and their polarization gives us the capability to resolve small-scale depth variations in these physical parameters. With the advent of large-aperture solar telescopes and the development of state-of-the-art instrumentation, the requirements on spectral resolution have become a prominent question.

Aims. We aim to quantify how the information content contained in a representative set of polarized spectra of photospheric spectral lines depends on the spectral resolution and spectral sampling of that spectrum.

Methods. We used a state-of-the-art numerical simulation of a sunspot and the neighboring quiet Sun photosphere to synthesize polarized spectra of magnetically sensitive neutral iron lines. We then applied various degrees of spectral degradation to the synthetic spectra and analyzed the impact on its dimensionality using principal component analysis and the wavelength power spectrum using wavelet decomposition. Finally, we applied the Stokes Inversion based on Response functions (SIR) code to the degraded synthetic data to assess the effect of spectral resolution on the inferred parameters.

Results. We find that the dimensionality of the Stokes spectra and the power contained in the small spectral scales significantly change with the spectral resolution. We find that regions with strong magnetic fields where convection is suppressed have more homogeneous atmospheres and produce less complex Stokes profiles. On the other hand, regions with strong gradients in the physical quantities give rise to more complex Stokes profiles that are more affected by spectral degradation. The degradation also makes the inversion problem more ill-defined, so inversion models with a larger number of free parameters overfit and give wrong estimates.

Conclusions. The impact of spectral degradation in the interpretation of solar spectropolarimetric observations depends on multiple factors, including the spectral resolution, noise level, line spread function (LSF) shape, complexity of the solar atmosphere, and degrees of freedom in our inversion methods. To mitigate this impact, incorporating a good estimation of the LSF into the inversion process is recommended. Having a finely sampled spectrum may be more beneficial than achieving a higher signal-to-noise ratio per wavelength bin. Considering the inclusion of different spectral lines that can counter these effects, and calibrating the effective degrees of freedom in modeling strategies, are also important considerations. These strategies are crucial for the accurate interpretation of such observations and have the potential to offer more cost-effective solutions.
Physics case for an e+e− collider at 500 GeV and above
Authors: Bechtle Philip , Heinemeyer Sven , List Jenny , Moortgat-Pick Gudrid , Weiglein Georg
Published: December 2024

Some highlights of the physics case for running an e+e− collider at 500 GeV and above are discussed with a particular emphasis on the experimental access to the Higgs potential via di-Higgs and (at sufficiently high energy) triple Higgs production. The information obtainable from Higgs pair production at about 500 GeV is compared with the prospects for the HL-LHC and with the indirect information that can be obtained from a Higgs factory running at lower energies.
Searching for new physics in WW and single-W events
Authors: Einhaus Ulrich , List Jenny , Reichenbach Leonhard , Silva Andre Filipe
Published: December 2024

Pair-production and single-production of W bosons provide many opportunities to look for new physics via precision measurements, for instance via scrutinising the involved triple-gauge vertices or by measuring CKM matrix elements in an environment very complementary to B hadron decays. This contribution presents the ongoing work based on full simulation of the ILD concept, exploiting the O(108) W bosons produced during the 250 GeV stage of the ILC, as well as the CLD concept proposed for the FCC-ee. The projections, which also contribute to two focus topics of the current ECFA study on future Higgs/Top/Electroweak factories, promise improvements of the measurement precision of TGCs and the CKM matrix, respectively, of one to two orders of magnitude with respects to LEP.
A short overview on low mass scalars at future lepton colliders
Authors: Robens Tania
Published: December 2024

I give a short summary on scenarios with new physics scalars that could be investigated at future e+e− colliders. I concentrate on cases where at least one of the additional scalar has a mass below 125 GeV, and discuss both models where this could be realized, as well as studies which focus on such scenarios. This work is based on [1], and partial results were also presented in [2].
Prototypes and R&D for undulator-based positron sources
Authors: Moortgat-Pick Gudrid , Formela Manuel , Hamann Niclas , Lengler Tim , Lott Dieter , Loisch Gregor , Riemann Sabine , Sievers Peter , Tenholt Carmen , Yakopov Grigory
Published: December 2024

The undulator-based positron source is baseline design for the ILC. Recent progress in particular on the undulator mask designs, optic matching devices (R&D for prototypes for pulsed solenoid, plasma lens) and on the target design (rotating wheel, material tests) are discussed. The adaption of an undulator-based positron source for the HALHF design as an upgrade option for the ILC is included as well.
Cavity Beam Position Monitor for the ILC Main Linac: Status and Plans
Authors: Pedraza Laura Karina , Fuster Martínez Nuria , Esperante Pereira Daniel , Gimeno Martínez Benito , González Iglesias Daniel , Blanch Gutiérrez César
Published: December 2024

This work describes the preliminary study and evaluation of the design of a cavity beam position monitor (cBPM) for the Main Linac at the International Linear Collider (ILC) project. It is required to design and build a prototype to be tested together with a superconducting quadrupole in a cryostat, with a spatial resolution of less than 1 micron. The design of a reentrant cBPM by CEA Saclay is used as the starting point for this analysis, where the geometry is evaluated to identify areas for improvement. A typical analog read-out system is simulated, allowing for a detailed evaluation of the impact of each component and providing opportunities to further estimate the device’s performance. Finally, the numerical BIR-ME 3D method is employed to estimate the cBPM output.
ILC Vanguard Initiative
Authors: Takahashi Tohru
Published: December 2024

The ILC Vanguard Initiative was established August 2023 with the premise of siting the ILC in Japan. This includes the construction of a new social model, the creation of new values, and the implementation of the plan. The primary focus is to prepare for urban development and future growth at the prospective site locations, which require extensive surveys, facility reviews, and careful planning. In this talk we report motivation and recent activities of the ILC Vanguard Initiative.
Highlights from LHC Detector Upgrades
Authors: Brooijmans Gustaaf
Published: December 2024

The High Luminosity LHC will operate at luminosities up to 7.5 times the original LHC design luminosity, and accumulate 3 times more data than originally envisioned. In order to fully exploit the physics potential of this new phase, the detectors will be significantly upgraded. Highlights of these upgrades are presented, with particular focus on new technologies.
Application of Particle Transformer to quark flavor tagging in the ILC project
Authors: Tagami Risako , Suehara Taikan , Ishino Masaya
Published: December 2024

International Linear Collider (ILC) is a next-generation e+e− linear collider to explore Beyond-Standard-Models by precise measurements of Higgs bosons. Jet flavor tagging plays a vital role in the ILC project by identification of H → bb¯, cc¯, gg, ss¯ to measure Higgs coupling constants and of HH → bb¯bb¯ and bb¯WW which are the main channels to measure the Higgs self-coupling constant.

Jet flavor tagging relies on a large amount of jet information such as particle momenta, energies, and impact parameters, obtained from trajectories of particles within a jet. Since jet flavor tagging is a classification task based on massive amounts of information, machine learning techniques have been utilized for faster and more efficient analysis for the last several decades.

Particle Transformer (ParT) is a machine learning model based on Transformer architecture developed for jet analysis, including jet flavor tagging. In this study, we apply ParT to ILD full simulation data to improve the efficiency of jet flavor tagging.

Our research focused on evaluating the performance of ParT compared to that of the previously used flavor tagging software, LCFIPlus. We will also report the status of the performance of strange tagging on ILD full simulation dataset using ParT, which can be applied to the analysis of Higgs-strange coupling.
Automated Measurement of Strabismus Angle Using a Commercial Virtual Reality Headset
Authors: Vicini Rino , Brügger Dominik , Grabe Hilary , Abegg Mathias
Published: December 2024

Current clinical measurements of strabismus angles (SAs) are manual and require a skilled examiner and active cooperation by patients. This results in high interexaminer variability, and clinical use is limited by the availability of trained examiners. An objective and automated procedure, independent of the examiner, would be useful. This single-center, prospective, diagnostic feasibility study compared the vertical and horizontal SA of patients, as measured with a commercially available virtual reality headset (VRH) and custom software with the gold standard measurements performed manually with the Harms tangent screen (HW) and the alternate prism cover test (ACT). We implemented the ACT by showing the patient a fixation target on each eye alternatively with the VRH while recording the eye position of the patient. We then processed the data with custom written software to calculate the SA of the patients. These measurements were then compared to the SA measured with HW and
the clinical ACT. Thirty-three patients took part in our study. We found good correlation between the VRH method and the HW as well as the clinical ACT. Best correlation was found for horizontal SA in the primary position, with the vertical SA in the primary position also correlating well. Peripheral gaze resulted in a slightly lower correlation due to the overestimation of horizontal SA and underestimation of vertical SA; cyclorotation was not measured with the VRH. Overall, VRH, HW, and clinical ACT correlated similarly well as the published interexaminer correlation for ACT. The automated measurement of strabismus with a VRH is feasible, easily applicable, fast, accurate, and can be run on consumer hardware that is affordable and increasingly available.
A Study on the Relationship between Nomophobia and Quality of Sleep among Nursing Students in a Selected Nursing Institution at Mangaluru
Authors: Joy Bincy K. , Peedikayil Sabeena M. T. , Fernandes Pathima Violet
Published: December 2024

Introduction Nursing students with long-term usage of mobile phones may end up with more attachment or addiction to the gadget. Addiction to mobile phones is called nomophobia. It affects the entire life of students both physically and mentally. It may also disturb the sleep pattern. Irregular sleep patterns impact nursing students' practical and academic proficiency. Many psychological issues, including low self-esteem and an extroverted personality, are involved with excessive phone use. This problem (nomophobia) is currently expanding globally. Anxiety, social phobia, panic disorder, and other mental conditions may possibly make nomophobia symptoms worse.

Materials and Methods A descriptive correlational research design was used to assess the correlation between nomophobia and quality of sleep, and a purposive sampling method was used to collect data from 163 nursing students from the selected institution. Baseline proforma, Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) Likert scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to collect data.

Results and Conclusion Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. A statistically negligible correlation between nomophobia and quality of sleep (r = 0.103, p = 0.190) was found. There was a significant association between nomophobia and baseline variables such as hours of using a smartphone per day and the purpose of using smartphone per day, and there was a significant association between quality of sleep and selected baseline variables such as gender (0.009) (p < 0.05) and level of significance.
2024 Standardization of Polysomnography Reports – A Consensus of the Brazilian Sleep Association
Authors: Palombini Luciana de Oliveira , Mello Luciane Impellizieri Luna de , Santos-Silva Rogério , Assis Márcia , Cunha Thays Crosara Abrahão , Drager Luciano Ferreira , Zancanella Edilson , Alves Rosana Cardoso , Bacelar Andrea , Bagnato Mauricio da Cunha , Balsalobre Rafael de Andrade , Bianchini Esther Mandelbaum Gonçalves , Brasil Evelyn Lucien , Coelho Fernando Morgadinho Santos , Duarte Bruno Bernardo , Eckeli Alan Luiz , Fabbro Cibele Dal , Franco Aline Marques , Genta Pedro Rodrigues , Giannasi Lilian Chrystiane , Miguel Mário André Leocadio , Moreira Gustavo Antonio , Naufel Maria Fernanda , Pereira Luciana Moraes Studart , Poyares Dalva , Pradella-Hallinan Marcia , Soares Carolina Ferraz de Paula , Soster Leticia Azevedo , Zanini Marcio Andrei , Pires Gabriel Natan
Published: December 2024

Introduction The absence of standardized reporting for sleep medicine exams across different laboratories can lead to misinterpretation, diagnostic inconsistencies, and suboptimal treatment strategies. This document seeks to establish guidelines for the development of sleep study reports, covering recordings from studies of types 1 to 4, and represents the official position of Associação Brasileira do Sono (ABS; Brazilian Sleep Association) on the standardization of polysomnography (PSG) and cardiorespiratory polygraphies.

Materials and Methods The recommendations for the items to be reported in PSG records were developed by means of a Delphi study, comprised of two voting rounds. In each round, participants had to vote regarding the appropriateness of items to be reported in type-1 to -4 sleep studies, rating them as recommended, optional, or not recommended. The consensus threshold was set at 66% in each voting round, or 75% for the combined responses of recommended and optional.

Results The panel was comprised of 29 experts. After 2 voting rounds and subsequent deliberations by the steering committee, 352 items were included in the final set of recommendations. Consensus was achieved for 339 items (96.3%), of which 145 (41.2%) were classified as recommended, 154 as optional (43.8%), 35 as not recommended (9.9%), and 5 as not allowed (1.4%). No consensus was reached for 13 items (3.7%). The items recommended in this consensus are detailed in the main text.

Conclusion These guidelines provide comprehensive recommendations for reporting diagnostic tests in sleep medicine.
Advanced Intraprocedural Image Guidance for Endovascular Aortic and Branch-Vessel Procedures Using the Intraoperative Positioning System (IOPS)
Authors: Farivar Behzad S.
Published: December 2024

Endovascular aortic repair has transformed the treatment of aortic pathologies, providing minimally invasive alternatives to traditional open surgery. Despite these advancements, endovascular procedures continue to encounter substantial challenges, including navigating tortuous and calcified vessels, precise catheterization of the aortic branch vessels in complex cases, and the significant risks of radiation exposure to both patients and operators. Recent innovations in electromagnetic (EM) tracking and 3D imaging offer a promising alternative to traditional methods. This review focuses on the Intraoperative Positioning System (IOPS), a novel EM-based image guidance system developed by Centerline Biomedical, Inc. (Cleveland, OH). IOPS uses sensorized, EM-tracked devices to enhance procedural precision and safety by minimizing reliance on ionizing radiation while improving visualization and the accuracy of catheterization in vascular anatomies. This technology enables parts of the procedure to be performed without the need for ionizing radiation, offering a safer and more efficient approach to endovascular procedures.
Investigation of text-based comprehension questions in emergency distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Çoban Sural Ülkü , Aksoy Naciye
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze text-based comprehension questions asked by fourth-grade teachers in Turkish (L1) lessons in emergency distance education that started during the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare the results with those of other studies conducted in face-to-face educational settings. The text-based comprehension questions were evaluated in terms of different text types (narrative and expository) according to the distribution of the questions in the reading/listening process, answer source (whether the answer to the question was intratextual, extratextual, or intertextual), format, inference type, and teacher specificity. The study was designed to utilize a qualitative description method. Two fourth-grade teachers working in different primary schools were selected as participants. The data were collected through online lesson observations. A total of 56 lesson hours were observed and videotaped. The content analysis technique was applied for the analysis of the data. As in the results of previous studies, the present study, which was conducted in an emergency distance education environment, revealed that the text-based comprehension questions asked by teachers are generally asked after reading/listening, are answered with intratextual and extratextual sources, are prepared only in an open-ended question format, and are mainly of the propositional inference type. Additionally, it was found that teachers do not take the initiative to generate questions themselves and remain primarily dependent on the textbook.
A frameshift mutation in
JAZ10
resolves the growth versus defense dilemma in rice
Authors: Li Lei-Lei , Xiao Yujie , Wang Baohui , Zhuang Yunqi , Chen Yumeng , Lu Jing , Lou Yonggen , Li Ran
Published: December 2024

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing systems have revolutionized plant gene functional studies by enabling the targeted introduction of insertion-deletions (INDELs) via the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. Frameshift-inducing INDELs can introduce a premature termination codon and, in other instances, can lead to the appearance of new proteins. Here, we found that mutations in the rice jasmonate (JA) signaling gene
OsJAZ10
by CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing did not affect canonical JA signaling. However, a type of mutant with an INDEL that yielded a novel frameshift protein named FJ10 (

F
rameshift mutation of
J
AZ
10

), exhibited enhanced rice growth and increased resistance to brown planthopper attacks. Overexpression of
FJ10
in wild-type plants phenocopies
OsJAZ10
frameshift mutants. Further characterization revealed that FJ10 interacts with Slender Rice 1 (OsSLR1) and F-box/Kelch 16 (OsFBK16). These interactions disrupt the function of OsSLR1 in suppressing gibberellin-mediated growth and the function of OsFBK16 in repressing lignin-mediated defense responses, respectively. Field experiments with
FJ10
-expressing plants demonstrate that this protein uncouples the growth–defense tradeoff, opening broad avenues to obtain cultivars with enhanced yield without compromised defenses.
Improving quantum synchronization by manipulating auxiliary qubits in a dissipative model
Authors: Luo Jia-Tao , Li Li , Wei He , Jing Tao , He Zhi
Published: December 2024

Quantum phase synchronization is studied in a dissipative model via an analytic approach. It is found that a robust phase preference using the Husimi Q-function against decoherence for both the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes can be obtained by manipulating auxiliary qubits in a reservoir. Specifically, we show that quantum phase synchronization can be significantly improved by adding a number of auxiliary qubits for both the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. We also find that a steady quantum phase synchronization can be obtained in the long-time limit, which is only dependent on the number of auxiliary qubits regardless of the Markovian or non-Markovian regimes. We give some intuitive interpretations of the obtained results. Overall, our results are of theoretical interest in the enhancement of quantum phase synchronization in noisy environments, and may have potential applications in quantum information science.
Topological, Differential Geometry Methods and Modified Variational Approach for Calculation of the Propagation Time of a Signal, Emitted by a GPS-Satellite and Depending on the Full Set of 6 Kepler Parameters
Authors: Dimitrov Bogdan G.
Published: December 2024

In preceding publications a mathematical approach has been developed for calculation of the propagation time of a signal, emitted by a moving along an elliptical orbit satellite and accounting also for the General Relativity Theory (GRT) Effects. So far, the formalism has been restricted to one dynamical parameter (the true anomaly or the eccentric anomaly angle). In this paper the aim is to extend the formalism to the case, when also the other five Kepler parameters will be changing and thus, the following important problem can be stated: if two satellites move on two space-distributed orbits and they exchange signals, how can the propagation time be calculated? This paper requires the implementation of differential geometry and topological methods. In this approach, the action functional for the propagation time is represented in the form of a quadratic functional in the differentials of the Kepler elements, consequently the problem is related to the first and second quadratic forms from differential geometry. Such an approach has a clear advantage, because if the functional is written in terms of Cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z, the extremum value after the application of the variational principle is shown to be the straight line - a result, known from differential geometry, but not applicable to the current problem of signal exchange between satellites on different orbits. So the known mapping from celestial mechanics is used, when by means of a transformation the 6 Kepler parameters are mapped into the cartesian coordinates X, Y, Z. This is in fact a submersion of a manifold of 6 parameters into a manifold of 3 parameters. If a variational approach is applied with respect to a differential form in terms of the differentials of the Kepler parameters, the second variation will be different from zero and the Stokes theorem can be applied, provided that the second partial derivatives of the Cartesian coordinates with respect to the Kepler parameters are assumed to be different from zero. ‘From topology this requirement is equivalent to the existence of the s.c. Morse functions (non-degenerate at the critical points). In the given case it has been shown that Morse function cannot exist with respect to each one of the Kepler parameters- Morse function cannot be defined with respect to the omega angle.
Melnikov analysis of Type I subharmonic orbits in quadruple-well coupled SD oscillators
Authors: Sun Ran , Li Jing , Zhu Shaotao
Published: December 2024

When appropriate parameters are selected, coupled SD oscillators can exhibit bistability, tristability, and even quadrastability. The presence of multiple potential wells introduces rich dynamical characteristics into these multi-stable systems. As a result, global dynamical analysis of quad-stable systems, particularly the study of sub-harmonic orbits, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This paper aims to investigate subharmonic motion in the quad-stable system of coupled SD oscillators and to establish a theoretical framework for Melnikov analysis of Type I subharmonic orbits. Based on the derived Melnikov function, the existence of Type I subharmonic orbits is verified. Finally, numerical simulation methods are employed to validate the proposed approach by plotting phase portrait, the time history diagram t − x and spectrum diagram.
ϕ4 model under Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions
Authors: Dantchev Daniel , Vassilev Vassil
Published: December 2024

The minimization of the Ginsburg-Landau ϕ
4 functional is at core of the so-called ϕ
4 model, which is one of the basic models of statistical mechanics. The minimization leads to a second order nonlinear differential equation that has to be solved under specific boundary conditions. In the current article we consider a system with a film geometry with thickness L under Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions applied along the finite-direction. We study the modifications of the bulk phase diagram for the finite system, as well as the field-temperature behavior of the characterizing the system order parameter profile, as well as the connected to it corresponding response functions (local and total susceptibilities).
Analysing the Impact of Second Gas Component on Pulse Pirani Gauge
Authors: Dankov D Y , Mironova M K , Gospodinov P N
Published: December 2024

This numerical study investigates the influence of a second gas component concentration on Pirani gauge readings. The analysis aims to provide insights into how the presence of additional gas components affects the accuracy and reliability of Pirani gauge measurements. By simulating different gas mixtures and examining the resulting readings, this study sheds light on the complex interactions between gases in Pirani gauge applications.
On the Lagrange and Hermite Quadrature Formula
Authors: Li Shuxia , Chen Yonghong
Published: December 2024

This paper builds on the error analysis method for Newton-Cotes quadrature formulas developed by D. R. Hayes and L. Rubin in 1970, which utilizes Lagrange interpolation polynomials. By adopting and extending their approach, this work derives the error estimate for Hermite interpolation quadrature. Specifically, we construct a polynomial P(x) analogous to the scaling function A(x) used by Hayes and Rubin, and prove its non-negativity over the interval. This allows us to establish a precise error formula for Hermite interpolation quadrature. The results provide a novel application of Hayes and Rubin’s methodology, offering new insights into error analysis for high-order interpolation quadrature formulas.
Seismic performance of CBF’s single steel angle brace under several variable amplitude loadings
Authors: Panjaitan Arief , Hasibuan Purwandy , Putra Rudiansyah , Afifuddin Mochammad , Haiqal Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Constructing seismic seismic-resistant structures is essential to be carried out in earthquake-hazard areas. A concentrically Braced Frame System (CBF) is an earthquake-resistant structure that relies on its brace to withstand seismic loading. Seismic loading is a series of loading histories composed of high (HA) and low-amplitude (LA) loading. When this loading hits the CBF system, it will perform various values of displacement. So far, many studies have been conducted to reveal seismic performance in CBF. However, studies on CBF’s response due to the variable displacement amplitude as the representation of the earthquake is still limited. This present study observed the seismic performance, i.e., strength, stiffness, and dissipated energy, of the CBF’s brace due to the variable amplitude loading. Variable amplitude loading is the loading history composed of high and low displacement amplitude levels. The brace was made of a single steel angle, L 40.40.4, and loaded with three different variable amplitude loading. Observing the dissipated energy as the main seismic performance of CBF discloses that the specimen which is loaded by the smaller number of cycles in a block amplitude reached the highest cumulative dissipated energy in the same applied displacement. This tendency is supposed to be presented since the specimen under a smaller number of loading repetitions in a block, leads to experiencing a small effect of fatigue and increases the strength in each cycle. Confirming the failure mode disclosed that all braces presented flexural and torsional buckling.
Dual superfield approach to supersymmetric mechanics with spin variables
Authors: Sidorov Stepan
Published: December 2024

We consider a reducible

N

=
4

, d = 1 multiplet described by a real superfield as a coupling of the mirror

(1, 4, 3)

and ordinary

(3, 4, 1)

multiplets. Employing this so-called ‘long multiplet’, we construct a coupled system of dynamical and semi-dynamical multiplets. We show that the corresponding on-shell model reproduces the model of Fedoruk, Ivanov and Lechtenfeld presented in 2012. Furthermore, there is a hidden supersymmetry acting on the long multiplet that extends the full world-line supersymmetry to SU(2

|

2). In other words, the

N

=
4

long multiplet can be derived from an irreducible SU(2

|

2) multiplet.
The Use of Sentinel-1 C-Band Dual Polarimetric and SAR Polarimetry Method for Peatland Analysis in South Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhani Fariidah , Bioresita Filsa , Arya Gasica Torana
Published: December 2024

Peatlands are a crucial factor in assessing environmental quality due to their capacity to store carbon in their biomass. Tropical peatlands, which account for 11 percent of the world’s total peatland area, are significant terrestrial carbon reservoirs, holding up to 19 percent of the global carbon. Besides carbon storage, peatlands offer numerous ecological benefits to local communities. However, Indonesia’s peat swamp forests are experiencing unprecedented rates of deforestation, drainage, and alteration. Therefore, sustainable management of peatlands through monitoring is essential. Accurate data and information on peatlands are needed for effective land management and use while maintaining hydrological functions. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a highly efficient active remote sensing technology compared to optical remote sensing. The Polarimetric SAR method is expected to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of peatland identification. According to the official website pantaugambut.id, Kalimantan Island has the second-largest peatland area. This research aims to identify peatlands in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, using Sentinel-1 SAR imagery. The study will evaluate the potential of the Polarimetric SAR technique with Sentinel-1 dual polarization for peatland identification. Expected outcomes include identifying peatlands and analyzing their spatial distribution. The research is intended to promote rapid and accurate peatland mapping and serve as a foundational step for global carbon monitoring. The analysis revealed that the unsupervised classification identified 26,376 hectares as peatland, achieving an overall accuracy of 85.7%, precision of 87.5%, recall of 82.4%, and a kappa value of 0.7135.
Evaluation of Vegetation Health in the PT X Reclamation Area Using the NDVI Method Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Multispectral Orthophoto Data
Authors: Prasetya Nugraha Arry , Hariyanto Teguh
Published: December 2024

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) in 2023, Indonesia became the third-largest coal-producing country globally after China and India. Indonesia’s coal production amounted to 775.2 million tons in 2023, and around 27% was used for domestic needs. Coal mining in Indonesia generally uses an open-pit mining system, which impacts changes in land cover, landscape form, and the loss of flora and fauna. To dismiss this stigma, good mining practices must be applied in every process to ensure the balance of post-mining land’s natural and social functions. One effort to restore the condition of post-mining land is revegetation. Revegetation activities on ex-mining land require much time, money, and energy, so the planted vegetation must be monitored and evaluated. The problem often encountered when using Landsat and Sentinel satellite image data is that clouds cover many areas because the island of Kalimantan has a tropical climate with high rainfall, humidity, and temperature throughout the year. Then, using multispectral aerial photography data is one solution for monitoring plant health. With the advancement of photogrammetric technology using multispectral cameras, it is possible to analyze the health of reclaimed plants using the NDVI method. The results of the NDVI analysis on reclaimed plants produced the highest index value of 0.877 and the lowest value of 0.013. With very healthy plant criteria covering 12.47 ha (71.5%), healthy plant criteria covering 4.95 ha (28.4%), and unhealthy criteria covering 0.02 ha (0.1%).
Groundwater Potential Mapping Using Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithms
Authors: Hidayat Agung Nugroho Wisdom , Nurwatik Nurwatik , Kusuma Widya Liadira
Published: December 2024

The availability of groundwater is a crucial solution to ensure the sustainability of water resources, including providing clean water. Therefore, efforts to map groundwater potential are required to enhance the efficiency of groundwater utilization and support achieving one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly clean water and sanitation. This research aims to identify the distribution of the groundwater potential in Kediri Regency using the random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithms. This research utilizes 13 parameters, including elevation, slope, aspect, drainage density, river density, distance from rivers, lineament density, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land cover, soil type, lithology, and band 3 from Sentinel-2A satellite imagery. The coordinates of groundwater wells are used as training and testing data with ratios of 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40. Through the evaluation of each model’s performance using a confusion matrix, it is revealed that the best model is the RF 70:30 ratio model with Accuracy (Acc), Specificity (Spe), Sensitivity (Sen), Positive Predictive Value (PPV) values of 0.978, Cohen’s Kappa (CK) and Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.956, and Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.994. In this model, the elevation has the highest influence on the model, with a significance level equal to 100.
Integration of Cloud Score+ with Sentinel-2 Harmonized for land use and land cover classification using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Rifai Mohamad , Harintaka
Published: December 2024

West Kalimantan, Indonesia, has exotic nature reserves, with Danau Sentarum National Park (Sentarum) as its icon. Considering this importance, observing the use of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) around the lake is very important, which can be done using a remote sensing approach. Being in the equatorial region often results in continuous cloud cover throughout the year, which results in inaccurate observations and analysis results. Almost all cloud cover filters are used, but the results are often less than satisfactory. This study shows how the Cloud Score+ (CS+) product with Sentinel-2 Harmonized (S2H) can monitor image clarity in Sentarum and process it using machine learning to produce reliable (LULC) maps. Finding reasonably eliminating clouds, and clear pixels, and cloud shadows from L2A (surface reflection) or L1C (top-of-atmosphere) photos are both possible with the help of CS+ output. Using the RF algorithm, we conducted LULC research in Sentarum and produced precise results for five different LULC classes, namely water bodies, agriculture, forests, barren land, and urban. Sentinel-2 data for 2022-2023 is the basis for mapping because of anomalies that occurred in both years. In 2022, there will be extreme rainfall in Sentarum, while in 2023, the start of El Nino will begin. To identify the study area, three satellite indices were used: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, and Normalized Difference Building Index. Overall, the final results of the research in 2022 and 2023 produced an overall accuracy of 94.52% and 93.97% and a kappa index of 92.22% and 91.79%.
Investigation of Earthquake Disaster Risk Using ArcGis Satellite Imagery Study Case in North Tapanuli Regency
Authors: Faiz Nugraha Muhammad , Zaidan Mahastra Beryl , Abdillah Santoso Faried
Published: December 2024

Earthquakes are one of the natural phenomena that occur surprisingly without any signs or symptoms that can be felt by humans, so that generally earthquakes cause tremendous panic. Tectonic earthquakes from faults generate a Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) value, which helps assess their risk impact. North Tapanuli Regency is one of the districts in Indonesia that is passed by two faults, namely Renun and Toru. To determine the risk of earthquake disasters in the area, calculations are carried out using spatial methods to obtain values of PGA, Mmax, and Tmax values. From the processing results, it is known that the maximum magnitude of the Toru segment is 7.37 M and the Renun segment is 7.69 M, and the Toru segment has a maximum earthquake return period in the Toru segment of 429 years and the renun segment has a return period of 1013 years. Also, a disaster mitigation map is obtained that is formed using the PGA value as a parameter, with an explanation that areas that have a higher PGA value (colored red) have a greater risk of being affected by an earthquake.
Numerical study of engine room air ventilation systems for landing ship tank class warships in supporting crew comfort and safety
Authors: Nugroho Anton , Widodo Wawan Aries , Suryo Is Bunyamin
Published: December 2024

The air ventilation system is one of the supporting systems in the machinery of a warship. High temperatures in the engine room can lead to an unpleasant atmosphere and, in particular, to heat stress for the operating personnel. This heat stress was caused by the design of the engine room ventilation system not meeting the requirements due to the supply and exhaust fan. Under the given conditions, the air temperature reached 50 °C, higher than the standard 45 °C. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct a thermal analysis and redesign the ventilation system using a 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic). The parameters included temperature distribution, Hlow distribution, and Hlow velocity in the engine room of the Landing Ship Tank class warship when the engine load reached 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results obtained from the simulation were in the form of quantitative data such as temperature gradients and iso contours of the air in the engine room inside the warship. The data comprised velocity contours, temperature, velocity vectors, streamlines, and particle trajectories in space. The results of the CFD approach showed that the quality of the ventilation system in the engine room inHluences extreme conditions in the engine room.
A System Dynamics Approach for Optimizing Shipping Delivery Strategies under Demand Uncertainty: A Case Study of the Fertilizer Industry
Authors: Katon Y C , Artana K B , Pujawan I N
Published: December 2024

The subsidized fertilizer industry faces significant supply chain costs, especially in logistics. Various specific issues require attention and resolution concerning the distribution of fertilizers. These challenges include high shipping costs, uncertain demand, limited funds, and a mismatch between requests and deliveries, which change according to need and are included in the entire supply chain. The supply chain for subsidized fertilizer is designed to be flexible and efficient, allowing for quick adjustments to changes and disruptions in plans and operations. There are complex interactions among the variables in the supply chain, wherein changes in one variable can affect others, leading to dynamic and complex situations. Due to its complexity, the research will utilize the dynamic system method to create an optimal delivery strategy. Two methods will be used: clustering for delivery location and system dynamics. Causal loop diagrams will determine the relationship between variables that influence the system, and stock and flow diagrams will be used to determine delivery routes. The output of this research compares the total cost, responsiveness, and reliability by considering two delivery scenarios: single-trip and milk-run. The results of this research successfully calculated the three outcomes and determined whether to use single-trip or milk-run for the delivery.
Buried power rail to suppress substrate leakage in complementary field effect transistor (CFET)
Authors: Jang Eungyo , Lim Jaehyuk , Shin Changhwan
Published: December 2024

In the pursuit of minimizing the track height in standard cell, a design innovation incorporating complementary field-effect transistors (CFETs) and Buried Power Rail (BPR) technology has been introduced. As the track height in conventional standard cells scales down to 3-track standard cell, the distance in-between the BPR metal and the bottom parasitic channel is required to be 13 nm or narrower. Consequently, a strong lateral electric-field, induced by the BPR, is applied to the substrate parasitic channel, resulting in a substrate leakage current. To address this issue, various materials for barrier/liner in the BPR structure are explored and evaluated using TCAD simulation. It turned out that the BPR-induced field effect was suppressed as the dielectric constant of the barrier material and the work function of TiN liner decreased. The proposed BPR structure demonstrates the potential to mitigate device leakage current without increasing the doping concentration in substrate.
Asymptotically compatible schemes for nonlinear variational models via Gamma-convergence and applications to nonlocal problems
Authors: Du Qiang , Scott James , Tian Xiaochuan
Published: December 2024

We present a study on asymptotically compatible Galerkin discretizations for a class of parametrized nonlinear variational problems. The abstract analytical framework is based on variational convergence, or Gamma-convergence. We demonstrate the broad applicability of the theoretical framework by developing asymptotically compatible finite element discretizations of some representative nonlinear nonlocal variational problems on a bounded domain. These include nonlocal nonlinear problems with classically-defined, local boundary constraints through heterogeneous localization at the boundary, as well as nonlocal problems posed on parameter-dependent domains.