bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent deep reinforcement learning-based scheduling in relay-based HetNets
Authors: Chen Chao , Wu Zhengyang , Yu Xiaohan , Ma Bo , Li Chuanhuang
Published: November 2023

We consider a fundamental file dissemination problem in a two-hop relay-based heterogeneous network consisting of a macro base station, a half-duplex relay station, and multiple users. To minimize the dissemination delay, rateless code is employed at the base station. Our goal is to find an efficient channel-aware scheduling policy at the half-duplex relay station, i.e., either fetch a packet from the base station or broadcast a packet to the users at each time slot, such that the file dissemination delay is minimized. We formulate the scheduling problem as a Markov decision process and propose an intelligent deep reinforcement learning-based scheduling algorithm. We also extend the proposed algorithm to adapt to dynamic network conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs very close to a lower bound on the dissemination delay and significantly outperforms baseline schemes.
Physiological responses and algae inhibition of Pontederia cordata to simulated eutrophication and acid rain co-pollution
Authors: Li Yan , Qi Xi , Xin Jianpan , Zhao Chu , Tian Runan
Published: November 2023

Background

Eutrophication and acid rain are two threats that many water bodies must contend with. Eutrophication and climate change have accelerated widespread outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms as both have become more severe. Pontederiacordata, a garden ornamental plant, can inhibit some algae growth and remove total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from the water. In this study, we investigated how simulated acid rain and eutrophication co-pollution affected P.cordata's growth physiology and ability to inhibit algae growth.

Results

Under mild eutrophication (2 mg·L−1 TN, 0.4 mg·L−1 TP, and 15 mg·L−1 CODMn) or weak acid rain (pH = 5.0), P.cordata alleviated the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation by stabilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the leaves, allowing for normal plant growth. Under mild eutrophication and acid rain conditions, cultured P.cordata water samples maintained strong algae inhibition by reducing the Chl a content and SOD activity of Microcystisaeruginosa cells. Compound stress where acid rain was the primary inhibitory factor along with moderate or severe eutrophication inhibited P.cordata growth, which probably reduced the input of algae-inhibiting allelochemicals, thus reducing its ability to inhibit algae.

Conclusions

In summary, P. cordata has application potential in mild eutrophic water and acid rain (pH ≥ 4). These findings provide guidance for further research on phytoremediation and algae control in scenarios of compound pollution.
Predicting the prognosis, immune response, and immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using a novel risk model based on anoikis-related lncRNAs
Authors: Deng Hongxia , Wei Zhengyu , Du Juan , Shen Zhisen , Zhou Chongchang
Published: November 2023

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an extremely heterogeneous and metastatic disease. Anoikis, which is a specific type of programmed apoptosis, is involved in tumor metastasis, tissue homeostasis, and development. Herein, we constructed an anoikis-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature to predict the prognosis, immune responses, and therapeutic effects in HNSCC patients.

Methods

A total of 501 HNSCC samples were acquired from the TCGA database and randomly classified into the training and validation groups (1:1 ratio). Thereafter, the results derived from the training set were analyzed with the LASSO regression analysis, and a novel anoikis-related lncRNA risk model was constructed. Time-dependent ROC curves and Kaplan–Meier analysis were carried out to assess the diagnostic value and survival outcomes. A nomogram was utilized to predict the prognostic accuracy. Furthermore, we studied the tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation burden, enrichment pathways, and the response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Results

Seven anoikis-related lncRNAs (AC015878.1, CYTOR, EMSLR, LINC01503, LINC02084, RAB11B-AS1, Z97200.1) were screened to design a novel risk model, which was recognized as the independent prognostic factor for HNSCC patients. The findings implied that low-risk patients showed significantly longer OS, PFS, and DSS compared to those high-risk patients. The two groups that were classified using the risk model showed significant differences in their immune landscape. The risk model also predicted that low-risk HNSCC patients could attain a better response to immunotherapy, while high-risk patients would be more sensitive to gemcitabine, docetaxel, and cisplatin.

Conclusions

We constructed a novel risk model that could be employed for effectively predicting patient prognosis with a good independent prognostic value for HNSCC patients. Furthermore, this model could be used for designing new immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic strategies, and it helps clinicians establish personalized and detailed strategies for HNSCC patients.
A novel tumor purity and immune infiltration-related model for predicting distant metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer
Authors: Su Qiang , Zhu Yongbei , He Bingxi , Dai Bin , Mu Wei , Tian Jie
Published: November 2023

Background

umor cells, immune cells and stromal cells jointly modify tumor development and progression. We aim to explore the potential effects of tumor purity on the immune microenvironment, genetic landscape and prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

Tumor purity of prostate cancer patients was extracted from The cancer genome atlas (TCGA). Immune cellular proportions were calculated by the CIBERSORT. To identify critical modules related to tumor purity, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Using STRING and Cytoscape, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and analyzed. A Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, Disease Ontology (DO), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) enrichment analysis of identified modules was conducted. To identify the expression of key genes at protein levels, we used the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) platform.

Results

A model of tumor purity score (TPS) was constructed in the gene expression omnibus series (GSE) 116,918 cohort. TCGA cohort served as a validation set and was employed to validate the TPS. TPS model, as an independent prognostic factor of distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) in PCa. Patients had higher tumor purity and better prognosis in the low-TPS group. Tumor purity was related to the infiltration of mast cells and macrophage cells positively, whereas related to the infiltration of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells negatively in PCa. The nomogram based on TPS, Age, Gleason score and T stage had a good predictive value and could evaluate the prognosis of PCa metastasis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that hub genes mainly participate in T cell activation and T-helper lymphocytes (TH) differentiation. Hub genes were mainly enriched in primary immunodeficiency disease, according to DO analysis. SLAMF8 was identified as the most critical gene by Cytoscape and HPA analysis.

Conclusions

Dynamic changes in the immune microenvironment associated with tumor purity could correlate with a poor DMFS of low-purity PCa. The TPS can predict the DMFS of PCa. In addition, prostate cancer metastases may be related to immunosuppression caused by a disorder of the immune microenvironment.
An analysis of economic growth using input–output tables
Authors: Mendoza Marco Antonio Marquez
Published: November 2023

Two perspectives on the analysis of economic growth have developed within the input–output framework. On the one hand, Leontief proposed a dynamic model, where investment supplies the necessary capital stock needed to produce future output. On the other hand, Structural Decomposition Analysis assumes that changes in the output level are dependent on the behaviour of the technological and final demand components. This paper examines the differences between input–output tables of different periods to explain growth, as well as the contribution of the final demand components in the phenomenon. Further, the article provides examples based on the coefficient tables of five OECD economies, between 1995 and 2011, to illustrate the relevance of the method proposed here.
Chromosome-scale genome of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mekongi and its implications for public health
Authors: Zhou Minyu , Xu Lian , Xu Dahua , Chen Wen , Khan Jehangir , Hu Yue , Huang Hui , Wei Hang , Zhang Yiqing , Chusongsang Phiraphol , Tanasarnprasert Kanthi , Hu Xiang , Limpanont Yanin , Lv Zhiyue
Published: November 2023

Background

Schistosoma mekongi is a human blood fluke causing schistosomiasis that threatens approximately 1.5 million humans in the world. Nonetheless, the limited available S. mekongi genomic resources have hindered understanding of its biology and parasite-host interactions for disease management and pathogen control. The aim of our study was to integrate multiple technologies to construct a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of the S. mekongi genome.

Methods

The reference genome for S. mekongi was generated through integrating Illumina, PacBio sequencing, 10 × Genomics linked-read sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) methods. In this study, we conducted de novo assembly, alignment, and gene prediction to assemble and annotate the genome. Comparative genomics allowed us to compare genomes across different species, shedding light on conserved regions and evolutionary relationships. Additionally, our transcriptomic analysis focused on genes associated with parasite-snail interactions in S. mekongi infection. We employed gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for functional annotation of these genes.

Results

In the present study, the S. mekongi genome was both assembled into 8 pseudochromosomes with a length of 404 Mb, with contig N50 and scaffold N50 lengths of 1168 kb and 46,759 kb, respectively. We detected that 43% of the genome consists of repeat sequences and predicted 9103 protein-coding genes. We also focused on proteases, particularly leishmanolysin-like metalloproteases (M8), which are crucial in the invasion of hosts by 12 flatworm species. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was discovered that the M8 gene exhibits lineage-specific amplification among the genus Schistosoma. Lineage-specific expansion of M8 was observed in blood flukes. Additionally, the results of the RNA-seq revealed that a mass of genes related to metabolic and biosynthetic processes were up-regulated, which might be beneficial for cercaria production.

Conclusions

This study delivers a high-quality, chromosome-scale reference genome of S. mekongi, enhancing our understanding of the divergence and evolution of Schistosoma. The molecular research conducted here also plays a pivotal role in drug discovery and vaccine development. Furthermore, our work greatly advances the understanding of host-parasite interactions, providing crucial insights for schistosomiasis intervention strategies.

Graphical Abstract
Customized‐individually‐made origin® implants in total knee arthroplasty allow a reliable solution for accurate reproduction of planned implant positioning
Authors: Sajan Martin , Moussa Mohamad K. , Lefèvre Nicolas , Payan Charles , Valentin Eugénie , Meyer Alain , Bohu Yoann , Khalaf Zeinab , Grimaud Olivier , Gerometta Antoinne , Hardy Alexandre , Khiami Frédéric
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of a patient‐specific, customized individually made (CIM) total knee replacement (TKR) using the ORIGIN® prosthesis.

Methods

This was a prospective study conducted at a University Hospital from January 15, 2019, to April 30, 2021. The study included patients planned for an ORIGIN® CIM TKR procedure. Exclusion criteria included revision surgery, severe deformity, stiffness, or laxity. Evaluations were carried out using computed tomography scans performed 8 weeks preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively. The primary outcome measurements were the preoperative, planned, and postoperative CT scan alignment measurements including the Hip‐Knee‐Ankle (HKA) angle, mechanical Medial Distal Femoral articular surface Angle (mMDFA, distal alpha angle), Posterior Distal femoral articular surface angle (PDFA, posterior alpha angle), mechanical Medial Proximal Tibial articular surface Angle (mMPTA, beta angle) and posterior proximal tibial angle (PPTA). Secondary outcomes included the accuracy of implant positioning with percentage of outliers at 2° and 3°

Results

The study encompassed 51 knees from 50 patients with mean age of 68.1 (SD = 8.89). The overall HKA angle deviated by ‐0.93° [95% CI: ‐1.45; ‐0.43], and the PDFA angle by ‐0.61° [95% CI: ‐1.07; ‐0.15], while the mMPTA exceeded planned values by 1.00° [95% CI: 0.57; 1.43]. The 3° outliers rate ranged from 3.9% for the mMPTA to 7.8% for the HKA alignment, with no outliers in mMDFA and PPTA. Similarly, the 2° outliers rate ranged from 15.7% for both the PDFA angle and mMPTA to 19.6% for the HKA alignment. The Bland–Altman plots further emphasized the precision of planned and post‐operative angles across all measurements.

Conclusion

The CIM TKR showed high accuracy and reproducibility, closely matching preoperative planning. The weakest accuracy at 3°‐outliers is in the reproduction of the HKA alignment at 92.2% (range for all angle: 92.2–100%). Similarly, the weakest accuracy at 2°‐outliers is in the reproduction of the HKA alignment at 80.4% (range for all angles: 80.4–92.2%).
Exploring patient and caregiver perceptions of the meaning of the patient partner role: a qualitative study
Authors: Chudyk Anna Maria , Stoddard Roger , McCleary Nicola , Duhamel Todd A. , Shimmin Carolyn , Hickes Serena ,   Pan-Canadian group of patient and public advisors, Dalziel Sandra , Linkiewich Delane , Norris Lesley , Schreiner Kurt , Smith Kathy , Sumpton Janice , Schultz Annette S. H.
Published: November 2023

Background

The re-conceptualization of patients’ and caregivers’ roles in research from study participants to co-researchers (“patient partners”) has led to growing pains within and outside the research community, such as how to effectively engage patients in research and as part of interdisciplinary teams. To support the growth of more successful research partnerships by developing a shared understanding of how patient partners conceptualize and contribute to their role, this study aimed to explore patient partners’ motivations for engagement and understanding of their role.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with participants (n = 13) of an online survey of activities and impacts of patient engagement in Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research projects. Eligibility criteria included being a patient partner that indicated interest in interview participation upon survey completion, the ability to read/write in English and provide informed consent. Data were analyzed thematically using an inductive, codebook thematic analysis.

Results

Illuminating the lived/living patient and caregiver experience was central to how most patient partners conceptualized the role in terms of its definition, purpose, value, and responsibilities. Participants also identified four additional categories of motivations for becoming a patient partner and contributions that patient partners make to research that build upon and are in addition to sharing their lived/living experiences. Lastly, participants highlighted important connotations of the term patient partner, including temporal and context-specific considerations for the term “patient” and what “partner” may imply about the nature of the research relationship.

Conclusions

At the onset of partnership, academic researchers and patient partners must create the space necessary to discuss and understand each other’s underlying motivations for partnering and their perspectives on the purpose, value, and responsibilities of the patient partner role. These early conversations should help unearth what research partners hope to get out of and feel that they are able to contribute to engaging, and in such contribute to the development of reciprocal relationships that work towards shared and valued goals.

Trial registration Not applicable.
Bibliometric analysis of residual cardiovascular risk: trends and frontiers
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Sutong , Song Chaoyuan , Yu Yiding , Jiang Yuehua , Wang Yongcheng , Li Xiao
Published: November 2023

Background

The presence of residual cardiovascular risk is an important cause of cardiovascular events. Despite the significant advances in our understanding of residual cardiovascular risk, a comprehensive analysis through bibliometrics has not been performed to date. Our objective is to conduct bibliometric studies to analyze and visualize the current research hotspots and trends related to residual cardiovascular risk. This will aid in understanding the future directions of both basic and clinical research in this area.

Methods

The literature was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The literature search date was September 28, 2022. Bibliometric indicators were analyzed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix (an R package), and Microsoft Excel.

Result

A total of 1167 papers were included, and the number of publications is increasing rapidly in recent years. The United States and Harvard Medical School are the leading country and institution, respectively, in the study of residual cardiovascular risk. Ridker PM and Boden WE are outstanding investigators in this field. According to our research results, the New England Journal of Medicine is the most influential journal in the field of residual cardiovascular risk, whereas Atherosclerosis boasts the highest number of publications on this topic. Analysis of keywords and landmark literature identified current research hotspots including complications of residual cardiovascular risk, risk factors, and pharmacological prevention strategies.

Conclusion

In recent times, global attention toward residual cardiovascular risk has significantly increased. Current research is focused on comprehensive lipid-lowering, residual inflammation risk, and dual-pathway inhibition strategies. Future efforts should emphasize strengthening international communication and cooperation to promote the comprehensive evaluation and management of residual cardiovascular risk.
Spatiotemporal distribution of foot-and-mouth disease in Nepal between 2019 and 2021
Authors: Dhakal Sujeeta Pokharel , Pandey Krishnaraj , Upadhyaya Mukul , Karki Surendra , Ramdam Nira , VanDyk Sarah , Premashthira Sith
Published: November 2023

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed livestock. It is caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), which has seven distinct serotypes (O, A, C, SAT I, SAT II, SAT III, and Asia 1). In Nepal, FMD is a prevalent and economically important livestock disease, with hundreds of outbreaks yearly across different regions. However, there is limited understanding of the recent epidemiological trends of FMD in the past few years in Nepal. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of FMD in Nepal from 2019 to 2021. The FMD and TADs Investigation Laboratory, under the Government of Nepal, conducts annual risk-based surveillance of FMD in the country. The nonstructural protein (NSP) serosurveillance and serotyping (for outbreak confirmation) data from this laboratory were used for the study. The samples were collected either by the laboratory staff or were sent to the laboratory. Data analysis and mapping were performed using Epi info version 7.2.5.0 and QGIS version 3.22.5, respectively. Our findings revealed that 37.65% of samples (n = 417) tested positive for serotyping. The highest number of positive cases occurred in March–April, followed by December. Geographically, the Terai region had the most positive cases, followed by hills and mountains. The positivity rate for serotyping did not significantly vary by animal species (p > 0.05). Serotype O was the dominant serotype in all years, accounting for 98% of cases, while serotype A was found in only 2% of serotype-positive samples. In NSP serosurveillance, out of 3216 samples tested, 15.07% (474/3146; 95% CI, 13.86–16.36) tested positive. NSP seropositivity varied significantly by year (p < 0.001) but not by eco-zone (p > 0.05). In conclusion, FMD remains endemic in Nepal, with a consistent epidemiological pattern except that the Asia 1 serotype was not detected in the past years. We recommend expanding FMD surveillance activities to high-risk areas and collecting data on potential risk factors driving FMD infection in the country. This will enable the implementation of suitable control measures.
Safety of spinal anesthesia and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in SARS-CoV-2 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section: an observational prospective study
Authors: Fierro Giulia , Milan Barbara , Bettinelli Silvia , Bottari Elisa , Bugada Dario , Roncagliolo Ilaria , Arosio Marco , Farina Claudio , Lorini Ferdinando Luca
Published: November 2023

Background

Systemic infection has always been considered a relative contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia, despite the fact that infectious complications are relatively uncommon. Pregnancy-related physiological changes and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) neurotropic features may facilitate the virus’ entry into the central nervous system. The principal aim of this study was to test the safety of spinal anesthesia in “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2)-positive pregnant women and to examine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational single-center study in asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic consecutive pregnant SARS-CoV-2 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Women with severe infection were excluded because they underwent general anesthesia. At the time of spinal anesthesia, we collected CSF samples, and then we performed a chemical-physical analysis to look for signs of inflammation and for SARS-CoV-2 genome.

Results

We included 26 women. No spinal anesthesia complications were reported in the perioperative period and after 2 months. All CSF samples were crystal clear, and all physical-chemical values were within physiological ranges: the median concentration of CSF/plasma glucose ratio was 0.66, IQR 0.5500 (0.6000–0.7100), and the average CSF protein concentration value was 23.2 mg/dl (SD 4.87). In all samples, genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other neurotropic viruses were not detected.

Conclusions

Spinal anesthesia was safe in SARS-CoV-2 pregnant women with mild disease; no clinical maternal complications were detected, and no CSF changes indicative of inflammatory or infectious diseases that would compromise the safety of the procedure were found.
Approaching Classical Chinese Poetry in Early Modern Japan: Intralingual and Interlingual Translation Strategies in Rikunyo's Remarks on Poetry
Authors: Fraleigh Matthew
Published: November 2023

This article examines Remarks on Poetry from Makuzugahara (Katsugen shiwa 葛原詩話, 1787, 1804), a Japanese reference work for Sinitic poets that comments on unusual vocabulary and subject matter mainly gathered from Tang and Song sources. Written by the Tendai Buddhist priest and celebrated Sinitic poet Rikunyo 六如 (1734–1801), Katsugen shiwa draws on both intralingual and interlingual translational techniques to engage with Sinitic texts and clarify their meaning to a Japanese readership. With intralingual techniques such as substitution, paraphrase, or expansion into more readily intelligible Sinitic, Rikunyo engaged in approaches identical to the Ming and Qing commentators whose annotations he referenced; his interlingual translation approaches included not only standard kundoku but explicit appeals to Japanese vernacular. The article shows in concrete terms how Rikunyo (as well as two other scholars who wrote fierce, point-by-point critiques of Katsugen shiwa) made use of these dual translation strategies.
Complementary and alternative system of medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: A scoping review
Authors: Parsekar Shradha S , Gudi Nachiket , Walke Sujata Chodankar , Shaw Prabhu Dutta , Hombali Aditi , Nayak Anupama V , Hadapad Basavaraj S
Published: November 2023

Background This review aims to map the evidence on the effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications and identify research gaps in key outcomes and CAMs. Methods Our scoping review was informed by Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines. We searched electronic databases from inception to March 2020 and references of included studies. The experimental and non-randomized studies with intervention and control arm were mapped based on the effectiveness of various CAM (Yoga, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Siddha, Naturopathy, Unani, and Sowa-rigpa) on outcomes among individuals with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome, and T2DM. Results A total of 249 studies were included after screening 3798 citations. Most of the included studies were conducted in India and Iran. Of the 249 studies, 21 were efficacy, feasibility or pilot interventional studies. Most frequently studied CAM interventions include Ayurveda, and herbal products (58.63 %) followed by Yoga (20.88%). Unani medicines (n = 2 studies), Sowa-Rigpa (n = 1) and Homeopathy (n = 1) were the least studied modalities. With regards to population, 15 studies recruited newly diagnosed T2DM and 59 studies had included T2DM with comorbidity. Sixteen studies included population with mean ages 45-years or younger. Twenty-eight studies included pre-diabetic or metabolic syndrome, 46 studies included T2DM with no oral glycemic drugs, and 116 included T2DM with oral drugs. Blood sugars (fasting and postprandial) were the most measured outcomes. Outcomes such as HbA1c, lipid profiles, anthropometric measures, adverse effects were also assessed. Among complications, ulcer healing in diabetic foot ulcers was a commonly reported. Conclusion Future investments for research in CAM may focus on assessing the quality of existing trials and finding out an optimal dose, frequency, and duration of CAM, both as an alternative and complementary approach.
A socio-legal imperative of domestic violence prohibition in Africa vis-a-vis Nigerian legal structure for sexually abused women
Authors: AINA-PELEMO Adetutu Deborah , Olujobi Olusola Joshua , YEBISI EBENEZER TUNDE
Published: November 2023

Domestic violence is a major issue globally. It is one of the most heinous crimes which has and still results in numerous deaths, still receives the least amount of attention, and its negative influence is being underrated. In Africa, it is customarily acceptable for a woman to be beaten by her husband as a form of discipline, and Nigeria is not an exception. To think otherwise, that it cannot be socially acceptable and legally upheld for a man to beat his wife as a form of discipline, is to deny an existing reality. Section 282 of the Nigerian Penal Code encourages men to beat their wives when necessary. This form of permissible violence is often viewed as a family issue. Hence women are hesitant or reluctant to speak up about their experiences. The stigma that usually follows speaking up or voicing out is better imagined than experienced. This study, therefore, provides credible information on domestic violence incidents in Nigeria and Africa. The methodology utilised is the doctrinal legal research method with reports from existing literature and tertiary data sources such as newspapers and website sources. It discusses legislation enacted to prevent and prohibit domestic violence in Nigeria and how influential they have been on the nation at large. By way of comparative analysis, we examine domestic violence occurrences in some selected African countries and the European continents in relation to Nigeria. It also delves into the violation of the principles of gender equality by some Nigerian customs and traditional practices. This study then makes recommendations on how to address the issue. Through its insightful engagement, this study found, among others, that domestic violence is widespread in Africa and that a national law prohibiting the act and holding perpetrators accountable is not only imperative in Nigeria but across the African continent.
Inadequate Social Housing and Health: The case of Oliver Bond House in inner-city Dublin
Authors: Manzo Lidia Katia C. , Grove Hannah
Published: November 2023

Background Inadequate housing is an important social justice issue that adversely affects health. Methods Drawing on an extended ethnography case study, this paper presents the results of a resident-led survey to highlight the health consequences of inadequate social housing, as residents wait for a ‘fair regeneration’ of their social housing ‘flats’ estate within a gentrifying inner-city Dublin neighbourhood. Results Four key concerns were identified by residents as part of this analysis: (1) substandard housing conditions which are physically harmful to health; (2) the emotional toll of an unsafe social environment; (3) lack of child friendly and community green spaces; and (4) constrained mobility due to inaccessible housing design. Conclusions The results highlight the urgent need to place greater priority on the maintenance of the existing social housing stock and demonstrate the need for public housing policies that recognize the quality and quantity of adequate housing provision, where care is at the heart of housing policies. The paper also presents a novel ‘City of Care’ framework, following the need to develop an ethics of care within cities where public health, community wellbeing, solidarity, residents’ empowerment, and social justice principles are at the forefront. Given that housing is an essential contributor to good health, it is now time for a joint public housing and public health agenda to create healthier homes by confronting the everyday impact of inadequate housing to tackle social inequalities more broadly
Understanding the influence of swarming timing on the dispersal of Ostrea edulis larvae in the Northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Bertolini Camilla , Pastres Roberto
Published: November 2023

Background Ostrea edulis, the European Oyster, is a key habitat engineering species, considered “functionally extinct” in much of its native range, however the presence of population patches, large enough to allow the recruitment of juveniles, is likely, at least in the Northern Adriatic Sea. In order to decide which areas to protect or enhance with substratum suitable for settlement, it is necessary to understand larval dispersal dynamics. The main research question was to understand how the settlement areas depends on the timing of swarming and on larvae emission location. Methods Larval dispersal modelling tools already exist, and for the purpose of this study the use of an open-source phyton model code ‘Opendrift’, parametrised for O. edulis larvae with specific parameters related to growth and speed of vertical movement, based on existing literature data. Necessary forcing functions (currents, temperature) were taken from Copernicus, and gridded bathymetry data was downloaded from GEBCO repository. Results The results of this preliminary model-based study showed that the settling areas depend on the timing of the emission periods, given that different emissions can lead to different time spent as plankton maturing to settlement, therefore potentially reaching further. Initial seeding location can also matter, due to differences in currents that could be encountered. Conclusions Some experimental validation should follow this modelling approach, including genetic analyses to verify sources, this setup using an open data and an open access existing modelling framework to predict larval settlement is promising in enabling the upscaling and application for restoration and conservation purposes in other areas.
TOPLUM VE BİREYİN İNTİKAM ÇATIŞMASI: M.Y. LERMONTOV’UN “VADİM”İ
Authors: KONGAZ İren Dilara
Published: November 2023

19. yüzyıl Rus edebiyatının önemli yazarlarından Mihail Yuryeviç Lermontov, otoriter devlet yönetiminin ve despot yöneticilerin yarattığı toplumsal baskının derinden hissedildiği Çar I. Nikolay’ın hükümdarlık döneminde yaratıcılığını şekillendirir. Toprak köleliğinin yarattığı acımasız hayat koşullarını, yetkisini kötüye kullanan yöneticileri, ayrıcalıklı, eğitimli ancak eylemsiz, halktan kopuk soylu sınıfını eserlerinde sert bir şekilde eleştiren yazar 1832 yılında yazmaya başladığı “Vadim” adlı eserinde döneminin olumsuzluklarını Çariçe II. Katerina döneminde yaşanan Pugaçev İsyanı çerçevesinde okuyucuya aktarır. Soylu-köylü sınıfı arasındaki uçurumun derinleşmesine neden olan II. Katerina yönetimi, Rus bireyinin ve toplumunun kaderini etkileyen sarsıcı sonuçlar doğurur. İnsanlık onurunu zedeleyen davranışlara maruz kalan halkın içinde doğan intikam duygusu kendi kaderini sorgulamasına zulüm edene karşı ayaklanmasına neden olur. Bu bağlamda devlet yönetiminin yarattığı olumsuz koşulların hem bireylerin hem toplumun üzerindeki yıkıcı etkisini göstermek isteyen Lermontov, “Vadim” eserinde melek-şeytan, iyi-kötü, güzel-çirkin gibi zıt kavramları kullanarak romantik, soyut imgeler çerçevesinde gerçekçi bir bakış açısı ile kahramanlarını betimler. Çalışmamızda II. Katerina yönetiminin yarattığı bozuklukların, olumsuzlukların ve yıkımın birey-toplum üzerindeki etkisi irdelenerek, Vadim adlı kahramanın bireysel intikam duygusunun ayaklanan halk kitlesinin öfkesi ile nasıl bütünleştiği incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda Lermontov’un intikam ve isyan kavramlarını anlatmak için kullandığı imgeler, kahramanların iyi-kötü arasındaki seçimleri, toplum-bireyin yaşadığı öfke yazarın yaratıcılığı ve düşünceleri çerçevesinde betimleyici metotla incelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
Peter Michael Martin's Corporeal Visions: Love, Death, and Democracy in Moby-Dick
Authors: Rosenthal David L.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Moby-Dick has been the near-exclusive focus of artist Peter Michael Martin's prolific output—in woodblock print, papercut, sculpture, and photograph—over the past decade. By examining Martin's depictions of bodies—in isolation, in pairs, in collectives—this essay provides a primer on Martin's recent works. The essay begins by considering Martin's portraits of Ishmael, Queequeg, and Ahab in two series of black-and-white photographs, Altered Visions and Call me Ahab. Altered Visions illustrates the union of Queequeg and Ishmael as their embrace transcends physical and social divisions. Call Me Ahab , conversely, emphasizes Ahab's solitude, as he communes only with the "naught beyond" (Melville 159). Juxtaposing scenes of intimacy with emblems of death, these works consider the body as a site of both connection and isolation, friendship and subjugation. The second half of this essay discusses two of Martin's larger-scale works (the mixed-media assemblage Trumped Up Optimism and the woodblock print Above the Rest ), designed for display in public spaces. These works depict bodies en masse as deindividuated crowds under the control of a sole leader, recasting the social visions of Ishmael and Ahab as a conflict between democracy and totalitarianism. Ultimately, I argue, in the nude form, Martin finds an allegory for artistic vulnerability, which enables the radical self-expression Melville champions through Ishmael. Thus, in his depictions of bodies, Martin probes tensions between individual and collective agency and advances "Melvillean vulnerability" as a strategy for social transformation.
Sideband cooling of a trapped ion in strong sideband coupling regime
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Huang Zhuo-Peng , Tian Tian-Ci , Wu Zheng-Yang , Zhang Jian-Qi , Bao Wan-Su , Guo Chu
Published: November 2023

Conventional theoretical studies on the ground-state laser cooling of a trapped ion have mostly focused on the weak sideband coupling (WSC) regime, where the cooling rate is inverse proportional to the linewidth of the excited state. In a recent work [New J. Phys. 23, 023018 (2021)10.1088/1367-2630/abe273], we proposed a theoretical framework to study the ground state cooling of a trapped ion in the strong sideband coupling (SSC) regime, under the assumption of a vanishing carrier transition. Here we extend this analysis to more general situations with nonvanishing carrier transitions, where we show that by properly tuning the coupling lasers a cooling rate proportional to the linewidth can be achieved. Our theoretical predictions closely agree with the corresponding exact solutions in the SSC regime, which provide an important theoretical guidance for sideband cooling experiments.
Towards high spectral efficiency UDWDM-PON based on the simplified coherent reception of pulsed shaped PAM-4 signals
Authors: Zou Yi , Zhou Jiajun , Yang Qi , Liu Deming , Fu Songnian
Published: November 2023

Enhancing spectral efficiency (SE) of ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (UDWDM-PON) is vital to providing broadband access for massive users. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a high SE UDWDM-PON in the C-band, based on the simplified coherent reception of 10 Gb/s 4-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals. We investigate the WDM signal reception by mathematical derivation and propose to enhance the SE by adopting both intradyne detection and pulse shaping techniques. Then, both approaches are numerically evaluated, with an identification that there occurs a trade-off between SE and power budget improvements. Finally, we experimentally achieve a SE of 0.83 (bit/s)/Hz and a power budget of 25 dB for a proof-of-concept 3 × 10 Gb/s PAM-4 downstream transmission over 20 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF).
Digital hologram reconstruction algorithm based on the fractional Fourier transform in non-telecentric digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Chaudhari Harshal , Kulkarni Rishikesh , Kumar Sundaravadivelu Pradeep , Thummer Rajkumar P. , Bhuyan M. K.
Published: November 2023

A hologram reconstruction algorithm is proposed based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) in non-telecentric digital holographic microscopy. The optimal fractional order representing the recorded hologram is estimated based on an evaluation metric. The FRFT-based hologram reconstruction enables noise robust amplitude and phase imaging with enhanced resolution. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated in practical scenarios through both simulation and experimental results.
Video snapshot compressive imaging using adaptive progressive coding for high-quality reconstruction under different illumination circumstances
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhu Mingyu , Zheng Siming , Luo Runqiu , Wu Huazheng , Yuan Xin
Published: November 2023

We consider capturing high-speed color video under different illumination conditions using a video snapshot compressive imaging system (video SCI). An adaptive progressive coding method is proposed, and we conduct an integrated design of the imaging system in terms of optics, mechanics, and control. Compared to previous video SCI systems, this adaptive progressive coding method mitigates the image stability issues in various illumination conditions, ensuring high-quality imaging while greatly improving the light throughput of the system. Based on the analysis of both simulation and real experimental results, we found that this imaging system can achieve color video shooting under an illumination range of 2 lux to 60 lux.
Lead-free perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 photodetector detecting NIR light driven by titanium nitride plasmonic hot holes
Authors: Liu Zijian , Xi Yuying , Zeng Wenbo , Ji Ting , Wang Wenyan , Guo Sitong , Shi Linlin , Wen Rong , Cui Yanxia , Li Guohui
Published: November 2023

Lead-free perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 manifests great potential in developing high-performance, environmentally friendly, solution-processable photodetectors (PDs). However, due to the relatively large energy bandgap, the spectrum responses of Cs2AgBiBr6 PDs are limited to the ultraviolet and visible region with wavelengths shorter than 560 nm. In this work, a broadband Cs2AgBiBr6 PD covering the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared (NIR) range is demonstrated by incorporating titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles that are prepared with the assistance of self-assembled polystyrene sphere array. In addition, an atomically thick Al2O3 layer is introduced at the interface between the Cs2AgBiBr6 film and TiN nanoparticles to alleviate the dark current deterioration caused by nanoparticle incorporation. As a result, beyond the spectrum range where Cs2AgBiBr6 absorbs light, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the TiN nanoparticle incorporated Cs2AgBiBr6 PD is enhanced significantly compared with that of the control, displaying enhancement factors as high as 2000 over a broadband NIR wavelength range. The demonstrated enhancement in EQE arises from the photocurrent contribution of plasmonic hot holes injected from TiN nanoparticles into Cs2AgBiBr6. This work promotes the development of broadband solution-processable perovskite PDs, providing a promising strategy for realizing photodetection in the NIR region.
Short report: Plasma based biomarkers detect radiation induced brain injury in cancer patients treated for brain metastasis: A pilot study
Authors: Makranz Chen , Lubotzky Asael , Zemmour Hai , Shemer Ruth , Glaser Benjamin , Cohen Jonathan , Maoz Myriam , Sapir Eli , Wygoda Marc , Peretz Tamar , Weizman Noam , Feldman Jon , Abrams Ross A. , Lossos Alexander , Dor Yuval , Zick Aviad
Published: November 2023

Background

Radiotherapy has an important role in the treatment of brain metastases but carries risk of short and/or long-term toxicity, termed radiation-induced brain injury (RBI). As the diagnosis of RBI is crucial for correct patient management, there is an unmet need for reliable biomarkers for RBI. The aim of this proof-of concept study is to determine the utility of brain-derived circulating free DNA (BncfDNA), identified by specific methylation patterns for neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, as biomarkers brain injury induced by radiotherapy.

Methods

Twenty-four patients with brain metastases were monitored clinically and radiologically before, during and after brain radiotherapy, and blood for BncfDNA analysis (98 samples) was concurrently collected. Sixteen patients were treated with whole brain radiotherapy and eight patients with stereotactic radiosurgery.

Results

During follow-up nine RBI events were detected, and all correlated with significant increase in BncfDNA levels compared to baseline. Additionally, resolution of RBI correlated with a decrease in BncfDNA. Changes in BncfDNA were independent of tumor response.

Conclusions

Elevated BncfDNA levels reflects brain cell injury incurred by radiotherapy. further research is needed to establish BncfDNA as a novel plasma-based biomarker for brain injury induced by radiotherapy.
Making ties and social identities: Drawing connections between PPNB communities as based on shell bead typology
Authors: Schechter Heeli C. , Reese David S. , Bar-Yosef Mayer Daniella E. , Goring-Morris A. Nigel
Published: November 2023

People tend to belong to multiple social circles, which construct and reflect a person’s social identity. Group affiliation is embodied and may be expressed by personal adornment. Personal adornment in general has multiple functions in human societies, among them the assimilation and transmission of different aspects of personal and collective, social and cultural identity. Beads in general, including shell beads, often constitute parcels of composite adornment, and as such are used in different configurations to portray these messages. The shared use of similar bead types by different individuals and communities indicates the mutual affiliation of the sharing parties to the same cultural circles and reflects social ties and relationships. The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) period in the Levant is a time of pivotal changes to human lifeways necessitating profound adjustments in all aspects of life, including social relations and networks. Here we use the shell bead assemblage from the cultic-mortuary aggregation site of Kfar HaHoresh, in comparison to shell bead assemblages from multiple other sites in the Levant, as a proxy for the exploration of local and regional networks and connections between PPNB communities. Multivariate analyses of shell bead type distribution patterns across the Levant demonstrate that some types were widely shared among different communities, characterising different geographic regions, while others were rare or unique, highlighting relationships between sites and regions, which are occasionally independent of geographic proximity. Specific occurrences of shared shell bead types between Kfar HaHoresh and compared sites further illuminate the web of connections between PPNB communities in the Levant and the varying breadths of sharing-patterns reflect the hierarchical nature of the underlying social circles. Outlining these widening social affiliations sheds light on the complex structure of Neolithic social identity.
Impact of Clinical Decision Support System Assisted prevention and management for Delirium on guideline adherence and cognitive load among Intensive Care Unit nurses (CDSSD-ICU): Protocol of a multicentre, cluster randomized trial
Authors: Zhang Shan , Ding Shu , Cui Wei , Li Xiangyu , Wei Jun , Wu Ying
Published: November 2023

Background

Adherence to the delirium bundle intervention is sub-optimal in routine practice, and inappropriate use of the instructional design of interventions may result in higher cognitive load among nurses. It remains unclear whether the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) Assisted Prevention and Management for Delirium (CDSS-AntiDelirium) results in the improvement of adherence to delirium intervention and the reduction of extraneous cognitive load, as well as improving adherence to delirium intervention, among nurses in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

This study (named the CDSSD-ICU) is a multicentre, prospective, cluster randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of six ICUs in two hospitals will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the CDSS-AntiDelirium group or the delirium guidelines group. The CDSS-AntiDelirium consists of four modules: delirium assessment tools, risk factor assessment, a nursing care plan, and a nursing checklist module. Each day, nurses will assess ICU patients with the assistance of the CDSS-AntiDelirium. A total of 78 ICU nurses are needed to ensure statistical power. Outcome assessments will be conducted by investigators who are blinded to group assignments. The primary endpoint will be adherence to delirium intervention, the secondary endpoint will be nurses’ cognitive load measured using an instrument to assess different types of cognitive load. Repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to detect group differences. A structural equation model will be used to clarify the mechanism of improvement in adherence.

Discussion

Although the CDSS has been widely used in hospitals for disease assessment, management, and recording, the applications thereof in the area of delirium are still in infancy. This study could provide scientific evidence regarding the impact of a CDSS on nurses’ adherence and cognitive load and promote its further development in future studies.

Clinical trial registration

ChiCTR1900023711 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry).