bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOXO1 gene involvement in a non-rhabdomyosarcomatous neoplasm
Authors: Haefliger Simon , Genevay Muriel , Bihl Michel , Marone Romina , Baumhoer Daniel , Papaloizos Michael , Matter Matthias S. , Bode-Lesniewska Beata
Published: January 2021

Myoepithelial neoplasms of soft tissue are rare tumors with clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic heterogeneity. The morphological spectrum of these tumors is broad, and the diagnosis often requires immunostaining to confirm myoepithelial differentiation. Rarely, tumors show a morphology that is typical for myoepithelial neoplasms, while the immunophenotype fails to confirm myoepithelial differentiation. For such lesions, the term “myoepithelioma-like” tumor was introduced. Recently, two cases of myoepithelioma-like tumors of the hands and one case of the foot were described with previously never reportedOGT-FOXOgene fusions. Here, we report a 50-year-old woman, with a myoepithelial-like tumor localized in the soft tissue of the forearm and carrying aOGT-FOXO1fusion gene. Our findings extend the spectrum of mesenchymal tumors involving members of the FOXO family of transcription factors and point to the existence of a family of soft tissue tumors that carry the gene fusion of the OGT-FOXO family.
Re: Results of a randomized trial of treatment modalities in patients with low or early‑intermediate risk prostate cancer (PREFERE trial)
Authors: Boehle Andreas , Kahmann Frank , Henkel Thomas Oliver , Zimmermann Joerg , Machtens Stefan
Published: January 2021

The authors of this “Letter to the Editors” express their major concern about selective and biased reporting in this paper.
Ethnic disparities in postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Wang Yu , Gao Hexin , Bao Tuvshin , Yang Lijuan , Ding Guifeng , Ba Demu , Sun Shujun , Lin Yun , Yao Shanglong
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To explore the relationship of ethnicity and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) for women who underwent cesarean delivery (CD) and examine the risk factors for PPH in distinct ethnic groups in China.

Methods

We conducted case–control studies with the maternity data from the 11,778 CD cases, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Initially, multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the disparity of race-ethnicity on the risk of PPH in ethnic Han, Uygur, Hui and Kazakh. Then, we performed case–control studies within two major ethnic groups, identifying the specific risk factors for PPH.

Results

Ethnic Uygur were associated with a statistically significant increased odds [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–3.33] of PPH compared with ethnic Han. For subgroup analyses, in Uygur subgroup, general anesthesia (aOR 7.78; 95% CI 2.31–26.20); placenta previa (aOR 11.18; 95% CI 3.09–40.45); prenatal anemia (aOR 4.84; 95% CI 2.44–9.60); emergency surgery (aOR 4.22; 95% CI 1.95–9.13) were independently associated with PPH. In Han subgroup, general anesthesia (aOR 5.70; 95% CI 1.89–17.26); placenta previa (aOR 20.08; 95% CI 6.35–63.46); multiple pregnancy (aOR 7.21; 95% CI 1.61–32.37); body mass index (aOR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07–1.31) were the risk factors to PPH.

Conclusion

Uygur have more tendency to PPH compared to Han, and risk factors for PPH in Uygur and Han groups may differ. Knowing these differences may be meaningful when planning interventions and resources for high-risk patients undergoing cesarean delivery, and we need more research aimed at risk factors for PPH.
Keplerian trigonometry
Authors: Gambini Alessandro , Nicoletti Giorgio , Ritelli Daniele
Published: January 2021

Taking the hint from usual parametrization of circle and hyperbola, and inspired by the pathwork initiated by Cayley and Dixon for the parametrization of the “Fermat” elliptic curve $$x^3+y^3=1$$

x
3

+

y
3

=
1

, we develop an axiomatic study of what we call “Keplerian maps”, that is, functions $${{\,\mathrm{{\mathbf {m}}}\,}}(\kappa )$$

m

(
κ
)

mapping a real interval to a planar curve, whose variable $$\kappa $$
κ
measures twice the signed area swept out by the O-ray when moving from 0 to $$\kappa $$
κ
. Then, given a characterization of k-curves, the images of such maps, we show how to recover the k-map of a given parametric or algebraic k-curve, by means of suitable differential problems.
Augmented reality navigation in spine surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Burström Gustav , Persson Oscar , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian
Published: January 2021

Background

Conventional spinal navigation solutions have been criticized for having a negative impact on time in the operating room and workflow. AR navigation could potentially alleviate some of these concerns while retaining the benefits of navigated spine surgery. The objective of this study is to summarize the current evidence for using augmented reality (AR) navigation in spine surgery.

Methods

We performed a systematic review to explore the current evidence for using AR navigation in spine surgery. PubMed and Web of Science were searched from database inception to November 27, 2020, for data on the AR navigation solutions; the reported efficacy of the systems; and their impact on workflow, radiation, and cost-benefit relationships.

Results

In this systematic review, 28 studies were included in the final analysis. The main findings were superior workflow and non-inferior accuracy when comparing AR to free-hand (FH) or conventional surgical navigation techniques. A limited number of studies indicated decreased use of radiation. There were no studies reporting mortality, morbidity, or cost-benefit relationships.

Conclusions

AR provides a meaningful addition to FH surgery and traditional navigation methods for spine surgery. However, the current evidence base is limited and prospective studies on clinical outcomes and cost-benefit relationships are needed.
Correction to: Earlier chronotype in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Habers G. Esther A. , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H. M. , Veldhuijzen Dieuwke S. , Allaart Cornelia F. , Vreugdenhil Erno , Starreveld Daniëlle E. J. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Evers Andrea W. M.
Published: January 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s10067-021-05606-w
The impact of COVID-19 on surgical training: a systematic review
Authors: Hope C. , Reilly J.-J. , Griffiths G. , Lund J. , Humes D.
Published: January 2021

Background

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused global disruption to health care. Non-urgent elective surgical cases have been cancelled, outpatient clinics have reduced and there has been a reduction in the number of patients presenting as an emergency. These factors will drastically affect the training opportunities of surgical trainees. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training globally.

Methods

The review was performed in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF). Medline, EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched.

Results

The searches identified 499 articles, 29 of which were included in the review. This contained data from more than 20 countries with 5260 trainees and 339 programme directors. Redeployment to non-surgical roles varied across studies from 6% to 35.1%. According to all of the studies, operative experience has been reduced. Knowledge learning had been switched to online platforms across 17 of the studies and 7 reported trainees had increased time to devote to educational/academic activities. All of the studies reporting on mental health report negative associations with increased stress, ranging from 54.9% to 91.6% of trainees.

Conclusions

The impact of COVID-19 on surgical trainees has been experienced globally and across all specialities. Negative effects are not limited to operative and clinical experience, but also the mental health and wellbeing of trainees. Delivery of surgical training will need to move away from traditional models of learning to ensure trainees are competent and well supported.
Concurrent germline BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2 pathogenic variants in hereditary breast cancer: a case series
Authors: Sukumar Jasmine , Kassem Mahmoud , Agnese Doreen , Pilarski Robert , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari , Sweet Kevin , Sardesai Sagar
Published: January 2021

Background

Concurrent germline (g) pathogenic variants related to hereditary breast cancer represent a rare occurrence. While double heterozygosity in gBRCA1 and gBRCA2 has been reported in the past, herein we describe the first case of three known concurrent pathogenic variants identified in a family with a strong history of breast cancer.

Case presentation

The proband is a 55-year-old female diagnosed with synchronous bilateral breast cancers. She underwent a multi-gene panel testing indicating the presence of 3 concurrent heterozygous germline deleterious variants inBRCA1(c.181T > G), BRCA2 (c.4398_4402delACATT), and CHEK2 (1100delC). The patient’s two daughters (34 and 29 years-old) were found to be transheterozygous for inherited pathogenic variants in BRCA1(c.181T > G)and CHEK2(1100delC)genes.

Conclusion

The cancer risk and phenotypic manifestations associated with transheterozygous or multiple concurrent deleterious germline variants in hereditary breast cancer requires further investigation. A personalized approach to counseling, screening, and risk reduction should be undertaken for these individuals.
Graph Constructions for the Contact Process with a Prescribed Critical Rate
Authors: Bethuelsen Stein Andreas , da Silva Gabriel Baptista , Valesin Daniel
Published: January 2021

We construct graphs (trees of bounded degree) on which the contact process has critical rate (which will be the same for both global and local survival) equal to any prescribed value between zero and $$\lambda _c({\mathbb {Z}})$$

λ
c

(
Z
)

, the critical rate of the one-dimensional contact process. We exhibit both graphs in which the process at this target critical value survives (locally) and graphs where it dies out (globally).
Increased oxytocin release precedes hyponatremia after pituitary surgery
Authors: Constanthin Paul Eugène , Isidor Nathalie , de Seigneux Sophie , Momjian Shahan
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a well-known complication of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, related to inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Its diagnosis is based on hyponatremia, with a peak of occurrence around day 7 after surgery and, to date, no early marker has been reported. In particular, copeptin levels are not predictive of hyponatremia in this case. Oxytocin (OXT) is secreted into the peripheral blood by axon terminals adjacent to those of AVP neurons in the posterior pituitary. Besides its role in childbirth and lactation, recent evidences suggested a role for OXT in sodium balance. The contribution of this hormone in the dysnatremias observed after pituitary surgery has however never been investigated.

Methods

We analyzed the urinary output of OXT in patients subjected to transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Results

While OXT excretion remained stable in patients who presented a normonatremic postoperative course, patients who were later diagnosed with SIADH-related hyponatremia presented with a significantly increased urinary secretion of OXT 4 days after surgery.

Conclusion

Taken together, these results show for the first time that urinary OXT output remains normally stable after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. OXT excretion however becomes abnormally high on or around 4 days after surgery in patients later developing hyponatremia, suggesting that this abnormal dynamics of OXT secretion might serve as an early marker for transsphenoidal surgery-related hyponatremia attributed to SIADH.
The Intercultural Dialogue Index (ICDI): An Index for Assessing Intercultural Relations
Authors: Mansouri Fethi , Elias Amanuel
Published: January 2021

Intercultural dialogue (ICD) refers to a process of contact, interaction and exchange of views on the basis of equality, respect, and mutual understanding between individuals or groups from diverse backgrounds. A large body of research has discussed ICD and its potential value for fostering social cohesion and peaceful coexistence across difference. However, there is a lack of robust benchmark data that precludes researchers and practitioners from empirically testing assumptions and hypotheses pertaining to ICD. This article discusses the development of the Intercultural Dialogue Index (ICDI), a proposed composite index for measuring the extent to which ICD is being pursued and implemented as a diversity management tool within different countries. The index builds on the conceptual assumptions underpinning ICD, uses publicly accessible data, and applies methods that allow for replication, upgrading and comparability with relevant indices. This article assesses ICD prevalence for 51 countries based on three interrelated dimensions covering legislative and structural environments as well as opportunities for intercultural encounters. Altogether, 31 indicators across the three dimensions are identified and grouped under 10 broad components to capture both macro- and micro-level factors affecting ICD and intergroup relationships nationally and globally. The article briefly summarises some preliminary ICDI findings and discusses key methodological constraints and conceptual challenges. Theoretical and practical implications of ICDI are also provided.
Embodied skillful performance: where the action is
Authors: Hipólito Inês , Baltieri Manuel , Friston Karl , Ramstead Maxwell J. D.
Published: January 2021

When someone masters a skill, their performance looks to us like second nature: it looks as if their actions are smoothly performed without explicit, knowledge-driven, online monitoring of their performance. Contemporary computational models in motor control theory, however, areinstructionist: that is, they cast skillful performance as a knowledge-driven process. Optimal motor control theory (OMCT), as representativepar excellenceof such approaches, casts skillful performance as an instruction, instantiated in the brain, that needs to be executed—a motor command. This paper aims to show the limitations of such instructionist approaches to skillful performance. We specifically address the question of whether the assumption of control-theoretic models is warranted. The first section of this paper examines the instructionist assumption, according to which skillful performance consists of the execution of theoretical instructions harnessed in motor representations. The second and third sections characterize the implementation of motor representations as motor commands, with a special focus on formulations from OMCT. The final sections of this paper examine predictive coding and active inference—behavioral modeling frameworks that descend, but are distinct, from OMCT—and argue that the instructionist, control-theoretic assumptions are ill-motivated in light of new developments in active inference.
An Attempt to Decompose the Impact of Land Use and Climate Change on Annual Runoff in a Small Agricultural Catchment
Authors: Krajewski Adam , Sikorska-Senoner Anna E. , Hejduk Leszek , Banasik Kazimierz
Published: January 2021

The aims of this study are: i) to better understand the coupled interactions between land use changes, climate change and the aquatic ecosystem in a small agricultural catchment (<100 km2) with a long observation history (1963–2018) and a known land use history, and ii) to test available approaches to separate land use and climate change impacts on water resources in such a small catchment. The pre- and post-change periods have been separated based on change points and the known land use history. Next, conceptual and analytical approaches were applied to quantify and to distinguish between the impacts of climate and land use changes on annual runoff for these two periods. Over the observation period, both land use changes (increase in forest areas) as well as climate change (a temperature rise and a decrease in annual precipitation) occurred. These changes contributed to a decrease in the average annual runoff by 51.9 mm (49% of the long-term average) during the observation period. The quantified contributions of climate and land use changes to the decrease in the mean annual runoff amount to between 60% and 80% and between 40% and 20%, respectively. (i) The results obtained from different methods were consistent - a change in runoff was primarily caused by shifts in climatic variables. (ii) However, the quantified contributions varied depending on the method applied and the form of the Budyko curve. (iii) Thus, special care should be taken in relation to the selection of the Budyko curve for quantifying these changes. (iv) Knowledge of the water deficit sources can result in better planning of water resources management in such small catchments.
The Global Domain of the Dollar: Eight Questions
Authors: McCauley Robert N.
Published: January 2021

Since the late 1950s, the rest of the world has come to use the dollar to an extent that justifies speaking of the dollar’s global domain. The rest of the world denominates much debt in U.S. dollars, extending U.S. monetary policy’s sway. In addition, in outstanding foreign exchange deals, the rest of the world has undertaken to pay still more in U.S. dollars: off-balance-sheet dollar debts buried in footnotes. Consistent with the scale of dollar debt, most of the world economic activity takes place in countries with currencies tied to or relatively stable against the dollar, forming a dollar zone much larger than the euro zone. Even though the dollar assets of the world (minus the United States) exceed dollar liabilities, corporate sector dollar debts seem to make dollar appreciation akin to a global tightening of credit. Since the 1960s, claims that the dollar’s global role suffers from instability and confers great benefits on the U.S. economy have attracted much support. However, evidence that demand for dollars from official reserve managers forces unsustainable U.S. current account or fiscal deficits is not strong. The so-called exorbitant privilege is small or shared. In 2008 and again in 2020, the Federal Reserve demonstrated a willingness and capacity to backstop the global domain of the dollar. Politics could constrain the Fed’s ability to backstop the growing share of the domain of the dollar accounted for by countries that are not on such friendly terms with the U.S.
Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for screening of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population and commercial drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Lina , Pivetta Bianca , Nagappa Mahesh , Saripella Aparna , Islam Sazzadul , Englesakis Marina , Chung Frances
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a critical occupational health concern, but is often undiagnosed in the general population and commercial drivers. The STOP-Bang questionnaire is a simple, reliable tool to screen for OSA, which could improve public health in a cost-effective manner. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the validity of the STOP-Bang questionnaire to detect OSA in these key populations.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Journals @ Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL for relevant articles from 2008 to March 2020. The quality of studies was appraised using Cochrane Methods criteria. To calculate pooled predictive parameters, we created 2 × 2 contingency tables and performed random-effects meta-analyses.

Results

Of 3871 citations, five studies that evaluated STOP-Bang in the general population (n = 8585) and two in commercial drivers (n = 185) were included. In the general population, prevalence of all OSA (AHI ≥ 5), moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15), and severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) was 57.6%, 21.3%, and 7.8% respectively. In commercial drivers, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe OSA was 37.3%. The trends of high sensitivity and negative predictive value of a STOP-Bang score ≥ 3 illustrates that the questionnaire helps detect and rule out clinically significant OSA in the general population and commercial drivers.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis demonstrates that the STOP-Bang questionnaire is a valid and effective screening tool for OSA in the general population and commercial drivers.

Trial registration

PROSPERO No. CRD42020200379; 08/22/2020
Sublethal, sex-specific, osmotic, and metabolic impairments in embryonic and adult round stingrays from a location exposed to environmental contamination in southern California, USA
Authors: Lyons Kady , Wynne-Edwards Katherine E.
Published: January 2021

Organic contaminants are known to affect a suite of physiological processes across vertebrate clades. However, despite their ancient lineage and important roles in maintaining healthy ecosystems, elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) are understudied with regard to sublethal effects of contaminant exposure on metabolic processes. Perturbations resulting from contaminant exposure can divert energy away from maintaining physiological homeostasis, particularly during energetically challenging life stages, such as pregnancy and embryonic development. Using the round stingray (Urobatis halleri) as a model elasmobranch species, we captured adult males and pregnant females (matrotrophic histotrophy) and their embryos from two populations differing in their environmental exposure to organic contaminants (primarily polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)). Pregnant females from the PCB-exposed population experienced significant decreases from early- to late-pregnancy in tissue mass and quality not seen in reference females. PCB-exposed pregnant females also failed to maintain plasma urea concentrations as pregnancy progressed, which was accompanied by a loss in muscle protein content. Despite the energetic demands of late-term pregnancy, females had significantly greater liver lipid content than reproductively inactive adult males. PCB-exposed adult males also had high metabolic capacity (i.e., enzyme activity) for most substrate groupings of all sex-site groups, suggesting that males may be even more negatively impacted by contaminant exposure than pregnant females. Evidence that in utero exposure to PCBs via maternal offloading impairs embryo outcomes is accumulating. Embryos from the PCB-contaminated site had lower tissue quality measures and indications that sex-based differences were manifesting in utero as males had higher metabolic capacities than females. This study indicates that accumulated PCB contaminants are not physiologically inert in the stingray.
Modeling heavy metal release in the epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri
Authors: Vannini Andrea , Paoli Luca , Fedeli Riccardo , Kangogo Sharon Kwambai , Guarnieri Massimo , Ancora Stefania , Monaci Fabrizio , Loppi Stefano
Published: January 2021

In this study, the release of Cu2+and Zn2+was investigated and modeled in the epiphytic lichenEvernia prunastri.Samples were incubated with solutions containing these metals at ecologically relevant concentrations (10 and 100 μM) and then transplanted to a remote area and retrieved after 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. The results showed that, after 12 months, all samples faced similar metal reductions of ca. 80–85%, but after this period, all the involved processes seem to be no longer capable of generating further reductions. These results suggest that the lichenE. prunastrican provide information about environmental improvements after exposure to high or very high pollution levels in a relatively short period of time.
Partizipative Angebotsentwicklung in einem Amt für Gesundheit
Authors: Pfister Andreas , Favre Olivier , Omlin Michèle , Wyss Sabrina
Published: January 2021

Hintergrund

Die Förderung psychischer Gesundheit im Jugendalter ist eine zentrale Aufgabe von Gesundheitsämtern. Die im Kanton Zug bewährten „10 Schritte für psychische Gesundheit“ sollten deshalb jugendgerecht angepasst werden. Im Artikel wird anhand des partizipativen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekts exemplarisch aufgezeigt, dass und wie partizipative Angebotsentwicklung in Gesundheitsämtern gelingen kann. Die methodischen Zugänge, die Ergebnisse und die Förderfaktoren und Stolpersteine in der Umsetzung werden beschrieben.

Methodik

Die jugendgerechte Anpassung der 10 Schritte wurde 2018 bis 2019 von Präventionsfachpersonen des Amts für Gesundheit im Kanton Zug mit Beteiligung von Jugendforschenden (6 Mädchen, 4 Jungen), einem Texter, einem Grafiker und zwei Wissenschaftler*innen vorgenommen. Es wurden Methoden der partizipativen Qualitätsentwicklung und der partizipativen Forschung eingesetzt.

Ergebnisse

Die 10 Schritte konnten basierend auf der partizipativen Studie und bestehenden wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen zu einer jugendgerechten Kampagne mit 4 Tipps für psychische Gesundheit („Kennsch es?“) weiterentwickelt werden. Die dabei verwendeten partizipativen Methoden Photovoice, Blitzbefragung, Brainstorming, „design thinking“ und der Einbezug Jugendlicher als Forschende erzielten gute Ergebnisse (zielgruppengerechte massenmediale Kampagne, Schulworkshops).

Schlussfolgerung

Partizipative Angebotsentwicklung in Ämtern ist unter Beachtung gewisser Förderfaktoren und Stolpersteine gut machbar. Praktiker*innen von Gesundheitsämtern können die dafür notwendigen partizipativen Prozesse initiieren, steuern und nachhaltig in einem Amt verankern.
COVID-19 Adaptations in the Care of Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: a Survey of California Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Caton Lauren , Cheng Hannah , Garneau Hélène Chokron , Fisher Tammy , Harris-Mills Briana , Hurley Brian , Newman Sandra , McGovern Mark P.
Published: January 2021

Background

With the onset of the COVID-19 crisis, many federal agencies relaxed policies regulating opioid use disorder treatment. The impact of these changes has been minimally documented. The abrupt nature of these shifts provides a naturalistic opportunity to examine adaptations for opioid use disorder treatment in primary care.

Objective

To examine change in medical and behavioral health appointment frequency, visit type, and management of patients with opioid use disorder in response to COVID-19.

Design

A 14-item survey queried primary care practices that were enrolled in a medications for opioid use disorder statewide expansion project. Survey content focused on changes in service delivery because of COVID-19. The survey was open for 18 days.

Participants

We surveyed 338 clinicians from 57 primary care clinics located in California, including federally qualified health centers and look-alikes. A representative from all 57 clinics (100%) and 118 staff (34.8% of all staff clinicians) participated in the survey.

Main Measures

The survey consisted of seven dimensions of practice: medical visits, behavioral health visits, medication management, urine drug screenings, workflow, perceived patient demand, and staff experience.

Key Results

A total of 52 of 57 (91.2%) primary care clinics reported practice adaptations in response to COVID-19 regulatory changes. Many clinics indicated that both medical (40.4%) and behavioral health visits (53.8%) were now exclusively virtual. Two-thirds (65.4%) of clinics reported increased duration of buprenorphine prescriptions and reduced urine drug screenings (67.3%). The majority (56.1%) of clinics experienced an increase in patient demand for behavioral health services. Over half (56.2%) of clinics described having an easier or unchanged experience retaining patients in care.

Conclusions

Many adaptations in the primary care approach to patients with opioid use disorder may be temporary reactions to COVID-19. Further evaluation of the impact of these adaptations on patient outcomes is needed to determine whether changes should be maintained post-COVID-19.
Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Kurzfragebogens zur Beurteilung von Trainer/innenkompetenzen in beruflichen Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen
Authors: Grohmann A. , Schulte E.-M. , Kauffeld S.
Published: January 2021

In diesem Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) wird ein mehrdimensionaler und zeitlich effizienter Kurzfragebogen zur Beurteilung von Trainer/innenkompetenzen in beruflichen Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen vorgestellt und in drei Studien mit einer Gesamtstichprobe vonN = 872 Berufstätigen psychometrisch überprüft. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen bestätigen die postulierte mehrdimensionale Faktorenstruktur (Methoden‑, Fach‑, Sozial- und Selbstkompetenz). Erste Hinweise auf die Kriteriumsvalidität des Fragebogens werden durch Analysen des Zusammenhangs mit Erfolgsmaßen (Zufriedenheit mit dem/der Trainer/in und mit der Weiterbildungsmaßnahme, wahrgenommener Transfer in den Arbeitsalltag) ermittelt. Theoretische und praktische Implikationen für den Einsatz in Unternehmen werden aufgezeigt.
Idiopathic and acquired pedophilia as two distinct disorders: an insight from neuroimaging
Authors: Scarpazza Cristina , Finos Livio , Genon Sarah , Masiero Laura , Bortolato Elena , Cavaliere Camilla , Pezzaioli Jessica , Monaro Merylin , Navarin Nicolò , Battaglia Umberto , Pietrini Pietro , Ferracuti Stefano , Sartori Giuseppe , Camperio Ciani Andrea S.
Published: January 2021

Pedophilia is a disorder of public concern because of its association with child sexual offense and recidivism. Previous neuroimaging studies of potential brain abnormalities underlying pedophilic behavior, either in idiopathic or acquired (i.e., emerging following brain damages) pedophilia, led to inconsistent results. This study sought to explore the neural underpinnings of pedophilic behavior and to determine the extent to which brain alterations may be related to distinct psychopathological features in pedophilia. To this aim, we run a coordinate based meta-analysis on previously published papers reporting whole brain analysis and a lesion network analysis, using brain lesions as seeds in a resting state connectivity analysis. The behavioral profiling approach was applied to link identified regions with the corresponding psychological processes. While no consistent neuroanatomical alterations were identified in idiopathic pedophilia, the current results support that all the lesions causing acquired pedophilia are localized within a shared resting state network that included posterior midlines structures, right inferior temporal gyrus and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex. These regions are associated with action inhibition and social cognition, abilities that are consistently and severely impaired in acquired pedophiles. This study suggests that idiopathic and acquired pedophilia may be two distinct disorders, in line with their distinctive clinical features, including age of onset, reversibility and modus operandi. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of pedophilic behavior may contribute to a more comprehensive characterization of these individuals on a clinical ground, a pivotal step forward for the development of more efficient therapeutic rehabilitation strategies.
Coupling between tectonic activity and diagenetic evolution of a clastic buried hill—a case study from Gubei low buried hill in Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Wang Yelei , Qiu Longwei , Yang Yongqiang , Xu Wenhao , Khan Danish , Qiao Yupeng
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to gain new insights into clastic buried hill reservoirs. For this purpose, the Permian sandstone reservoirs in the Upper Shihezi Formation, Gubei low buried hill, Jiyang Depression, was taken as the object. Referring to the evolution histories of reservoirs and tectonics, the diagenesis of the reservoirs and its coupling with tectonic activity were investigated, with the aid of techniques like core observation, casting sheet observation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cathode luminescence, electron probe, back scattering, fluid inclusion, and pore permeability tests. The results show that the Permian sandstone reservoirs in the Upper Shihezi Formation, Gubei low buried hill, Jiyang Depression, are low-porosity, low-permeability reservoirs with complex diagenesis. The diagenetic evolution sequence can be summarized as early feldspar corrosion/kaolinite cemention/early pyrite cemention→carbonate cemention/secondary enlargement of quartz→quartz corrosion/corrosion of quartz and its secondary enlargement→late calcite cemention→late pyrite cemention/carbonate corrosion/late feldspar corrosion/corrosion of dissolvable miscellaneous matrix; compaction effect exists throughout the evolution process. The reservoirs went through (I) shallow burial epidiagenesis, (II) near-surface hydrothermal diagenesis, (III) deep burial alkaline diagenesis, and (IV) continuous burial acid diagenesis. The diagenetic evolution of these four stages is significantly affected by tectonic activities, and the article lists the evidence that diagenesis is affected by tectonic activity. The research results lay the basis for the prediction and evaluation of the Permian sandstone reservoirs in the Upper Shihezi Formation, Gubei low buried hill, Jiyang Depression, and shed new light on the exploration of tight sandstone reservoirs.
Scan-to-HBIM for conservation and preservation of Cultural Heritage building: the case study of San Nicola in Montedoro church (Italy)
Authors: Costantino D. , Pepe M. , Restuccia A.G.
Published: January 2021

The management of Cultural Heritage (CH) requires increasingly efficient, simple and shareable tools, methods and knowledge. In this environment, a suitable procedure was developed to transform the point cloud, generated by geomatics surveys, into parameterized objects. In order to obtain an object with precise geometric and physical characteristics, a three-dimensional modelling software (Rhinoceros) was used. This software, using the tools and specific plugins, has allowed the parameterization of objects. In particular, the use of the Grasshopper plugin allowed a two-way transformation of the objects between the modelling software and the BIM software (Revit). As a result, any changes to the model made in Rhinoceros were automatically made in Revit and vice versa. The paper shows the potentiality, simplicity and efficiency of the developed method in order to perform the scan-to-HBIM process. This approach was applied to a religious building, located in Italy, belonging to the Cultural Heritage.
Online Sexual Activities in Italian Older Adults: The Role of Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Permissiveness
Authors: Scandurra Cristiano , Mezza Fabrizio , Esposito Concetta , Vitelli Roberto , Maldonato Nelson Mauro , Bochicchio Vincenzo , Chiodi Alessandro , Giami Alain , Valerio Paolo , Amodeo Anna Lisa
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Online sexual activities (OSAs) are sexual behaviors involving online sexual content and stimuli and are categorized into non-arousal (N-OSAs), solitary arousal (S-OSAs), and partnered arousal activities (P-OSAs). As such activities in older age remain largely underexamined, this study aimed to explore OSAs in a sample of Italian older adults, analyzing their associations with gender and sexual orientation, considering sexual permissiveness as a moderator.

Methods

One hundred and fourteen cisgender participants (85 men and 29 women) aged from 52 to 79 years old (M = 62.57, SD = 6.19) were recruited between September 2019 and January 2020 to participate in an online cross-sectional survey on OSAs.

Results

A total of 58.1% of participants had engaged in S-OSAs at least 2–3 times during the previous month, while a lower percentage of participants had engaged in N-OSAs (38.6%) and P-OSAs (29.9%) at least 2–3 times during the previous month. Men were more likely to be engaged in S-OSAs than women. Being non-heterosexual was associated with an increase in engagement in N-OSAs and S-OSAs, but not in P-OSAs. Sexual permissiveness was significantly associated with N-OSAs and S-OSAs, but not with P-OSAs, and did not moderate either the relationship of gender with OSAs or that of sexual orientation with OSAs.

Conclusions

This study sheds light on the need to include online resources in sexual health educational programs addressed at older people, as well as in training programs addressed at healthcare professionals and social workers working with this population.
Profitability analysis of dual installations in selected European countries
Authors: Suchorab Paweł , Iwanek Małgorzata , Żelazna Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

The most important goal of every water distribution system is to deliver water to the consumers in the demand and time determined by its users. However, not all water usages require the potable water quality. One of the technical solutions enabling water recycling and its reuse is a dual installation system. Dual installations recycle rain wastewater or grey water from bathtubs, showers and sinks and further reuse it for irrigation or toilet flushing. The profitability of a dual installation system is highly dependent on the water price, which tends to vary significantly according to the location. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the profitability of dual installation systems in exemplary hotel building hypothetically located in 10 different European countries. The profitability was determined on the basis of multi-criteria decision analysis performed for two installation variants. The investment was evaluated in terms of technical, economic and environmental aspects. As a result, the selected countries were ranked in order of the most profitable location for dual installation system’s investment.
Trajectories in nanotechnology: embracing complexity, seeking analogies
Authors: Florence Alexander T.
Published: January 2021

This account comprises personal reflections on the field of nanosystems primarily designed for the delivery of biologically active agents. It emphasises the colloidal nature of nanoparticles obeying the same physical laws that dictate the behaviour of disperse systems. Research reveals not only intrinsic complexities but a variety of possible trajectories in vivo and ex vivo, issues of stability, interactions and behaviour in a range of often constrained environments. Such are the variations in the chemical and physical nature of the nanosystems and the active agents they carry, their putative “targets” and the many biological systems and models in which they are employed, it is not possible to generalise. Stochastic events may exclude precise prediction or extrapolation of outcomes, but embracing and studying complexity lead to new insights, often aided by consideration of analogies in cognate areas. This is part of the process of illumination. Unexpected results provide the true essence and excitement of scientific endeavour. Simplification is perhaps its antithesis.
Prostate Multiparametric MRI: Common Pitfalls in Primary Diagnosis and How to Avoid Them
Authors: Eusebi L. , Carpagnano F. A. , Sortino G. , Bartelli F. , Guglielmi G.
Published: January 2021

Purpose of Review

To provide the radiologist with basic knowledge about normal and abnormal findings in the prostatic mp-MRI, taking a look at the possible diagnostic pitfalls commonly seen in daily clinical practice, allowing him to recognize and consequently avoid them.

Recent Findings

Prostate mp-MRI has now become commonly used in most diagnostic imaging centers, as a precise, accurate and above all non-invasive tool, useful in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of prostate diseases, first of all prostatic carcinoma. For this reason, it is important to take into account the existence of numerous possible anatomic and pathologic processes which can mimick or masquerade as prostate cancer.

Through the combination of anatomical (T2WI) and functional sequences (DWI/ADC and DCE), the mp-MRI of the prostate provides all the information necessary for a correct classification of patients with prostate disease, cancer in particular. It is not uncommon, however, for the radiologist to make errors in the interpretation of imaging due to conditions, pathological or otherwise, that mimic prostate cancer and that, consequently, affect the diagnostic/therapeutic process of patients. The strategy, and what this pictorial review aims at, is to learn to recognize the potential pitfalls of the prostatic mp-MRI and avoid them.
New naphthalenediimides as potential dyes for TiO2-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Castro-Riquelme Christian L. , Ochoa-Terán Adrián , Calva-Yáñez J. C. , Reynoso-Soto E. A. , Félix-Navarro R. M.
Published: January 2021

In this work new naphthalenediimides (NDIs) were synthesized and used as dyes in DSSC. The efficiency (η) of the DSSC is influenced by NDIs electronic and structural characteristics. It was found a better cell performance with the NDIs which have a broader absorption band shifted to the red color, high ƹ values, and more adsorption in the anode surface. The band gaps were determinate by UV–vis and cyclic voltammetry. The LUMO orbitals of most of the NDIs are above of the conduction band (CB) energy for TiO2 allowing the electron transfer process from the NDI to the photoanode, especially in those with a significant LUMONDI-CBTi energetic difference. Also, NDIs with polar groups in their structure presented higher η values due to a better adsorption on the photoanode surface, which allows a better energy capture compared with those with lower adsorption.
Pharmacokinetic profile and effect on bone markers and muscle strength of two daily dosage regimens of calcifediol in osteopenic/osteoporotic postmenopausal women
Authors: Gonnelli Stefano , Tomai Pitinca Maria Dea , Camarri Silvia , Lucani Barbara , Franci Beatrice , Nuti Ranuccio , Caffarelli Carla
Published: January 2021

Background

At present, although cholecalciferol represents the form of vitamin D of choice for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency, there is a growing interest in calcifediol.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of two different daily doses of calcifediol.

Methods

Fifty osteopenic/osteoporotic women with serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) between 10 and 20 ng/ml were randomized to a 6-month treatment with oral calcifediol 20 µg/day (n = 25) or oral calcifediol 30 µg/day (n = 25). In all, we measured the time course of the levels of 25OHD and other biochemical parameters. Moreover, we evaluated handgrip strength and serum levels of myostatin.

Results

The peak increase in 25OHD levels was reached after 90 days of treatment in group 1 (59.3 ng/ml) and after only 60 days in group 2 (72.3 ng/ml); thereafter in both groups, the levels of 25OHD showed a tendency towards stabilization. After 30 days, all the patients treated with 30 µg/day had values of 25OHD > 30 ng/ml. Handgrip strength showed a modest but progressive increase which reached the statistical significance in the 30 µg/day group. This latter group also presented a modest and non-significant decrease in serum levels of myostatin.

Conclusions

Calcifediol is able to rapidly normalize the vitamin D deficiency, and the 30 µg daily dosage could be suggested in those patients who need to rapidly reach optimal 25OHD levels. Moreover, the 6-month treatment with calcifediol at a dose of 30 µg results in a modest but significant increase in upper limb strength.
SARC-F as a case-finding tool for sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP2. National validation and comparison with other diagnostic standards
Authors: Piotrowicz Karolina , Głuszewska Anna , Czesak Joanna , Fedyk-Łukasik Małgorzata , Klimek Ewa , Sánchez-Rodríguez Dolores , Skalska Anna , Gryglewska Barbara , Grodzicki Tomasz , Gąsowski Jerzy
Published: January 2021

Background

Sarcopenia is a potentially reversible condition, which requires proper screening and diagnosis.

Aims

To validate a Polish version of sarcopenia screening questionnaire (SARC-F), and assess its clinical performance.

Methods

Cross-sectional validation study in community-dwelling subjects ≥ 65 years of age. Diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the 2018 2nd European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) consensus. Hand grip and 4-m gait speed were measured, and the Polish version of SARC-F was administered.

Results

The mean (SD) age of 73 participants (21.9% men) was 77.8 (7.3) years. Seventeen participants (23.3%) fulfilled the EWGSOP2 criteria of sarcopenia, and 9 (12.3%) criteria for severe sarcopenia. Fourteen (19.2%) participants fulfilled the SARC-F criteria for clinical suspicion of sarcopenia. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal was 0.84. With EWGSOP2 sarcopenia as a gold standard, the sensitivity of SARC-F was 35.3% (95% CI 14.2–61.7, p = 0.33), specificity was 85.7% (95% CI 73.8–93.6, p < 0.0001). The corresponding positive and negative predictive values were 42.9% (p = 0.79) and 81.4% (p < 0.0001), respectively. The probability of false-positive result was 14.3% (95% CI 6.4–26.2, p < 0.0001) and the probability of false-negative result was 64.7% (95% CI 38.3–85.8, p = 0.33). Overall the predictive power of SARC-F was low (c-statistic 0.64).

Discussion

SARC-F is currently recommended for sarcopenia case finding in general population of older adults. However, its sensitivity is low, despite high specificity.

Conclusions

At present SARC-F is better suited to rule out sarcopenia then to case-finding. Further refinement of screening for sarcopenia with the use of SARC-F seems needed.
Bioinspired Unidirectional Liquid Transport Micro-nano Structures: A Review
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Liu Guang , Chen Huawei , Liu Xiaolin , Ran Tong , Zhang Yi , Gan Yang , Zhang Deyuan
Published: January 2021

Unidirectional liquid transport without any need of external energy has drawn worldwide attention for its potential applications in various fields such as microfluidics, biomedicine and mechanical engineering. In nature, numerous creatures have evolved such extraordinary unidirectional liquid transport ability, such as spider silk, Sarracenia’s trichomes, and Nepenthes alata’s peristome, etc. This review summarizes the current progresses of natural unidirectional liquid transport on 1-Dimensional (1D) linear structure and 2-Dimensional (2D) surface structure. The driving force of unidirectional liquid transport which is determined by unique structure exist distinct differences in physics. The fundamental understanding of 1D and 2D unidirectional liquid transport especially about hierarchical structural characteristics and their transport mechanism were concentrated, and various bioinspired fabrication methods are also introduced. The applications of bioinspired directional liquid transport are demonstrated especially in fields of microfluidics, biomedical devices and anti-icing surfaces. With newly developed smart materials, various liquid transport regulation strategies are also summarized for the control of transport speed, direction guiding, etc. Finally, we provide new insights and future perspectives of the directional transport materials.
Backward bifurcation in a cholera model with a general treatment function
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Singh Fateh
Published: January 2021

We consider a general cholera model with a nonlinear treatment function. The treatment function describes the saturated treatment scenario due to the limited availability of resources. The sufficient conditions for the existence of backward bifurcation have been obtained using the central manifold theory. At last, we illustrate the results by considering some special types of treatment functions.
Video tracking and force platform measurements of the kettlebell lifts long cycle and snatch
Authors: Hofman-Bang Erik , Salewski Mirko , Adler Andreas Top
Published: January 2021

We present force platform measurements and video tracking analysis of a kettlebell-trained international top athlete performing the kettlebell lifts long cycle and snatch. The ground reaction force measured with the force platform strongly varies during the kettlebell lift. Video analysis reveals the contributions of the kettlebells and the athlete’s body parts to the ground reaction force. The force platform measurements agree with the forces estimated from video tracking usually to within 30%. The presented data allows estimates of the energy and power required for kettlebell lifts, the mechanical efficiency (long cycle: 48%; snatch : 57%), and the forces on the athlete’s joints.