bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental cognition and subjective well‐being: A study among middle‐aged and elderly residents in Nara Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Takamine Shota , Goto Haruhiko , Liu Fuyumi , Yamamura Shu
Published: December 2023

Subjective well‐being has been attracting a considerable amount of attention. Urban planning is expected to play a significant role in improving subjective well‐being. This study focuses on neighborhood environmental cognition as a new intervention target of urban planning and aims to clarify its association with subjective well‐being. We conducted surveys using the element‐recall method to assess neighborhood environmental cognition and the Subjective Well‐being Inventory. Data were collected from 104 respondents over 50 years old living in suburban area of Nara Prefecture, Japan. The results revealed the following: The ability to recall many or diverse elements is positively correlated with subjective well‐being. However, the spatial distribution of the recalled elements was not correlated with subjective well‐being. The components of subjective well‐being, positive affect and negative affect, have different relationships with neighborhood environmental cognition. Further, sex affects the association between negative affect and neighborhood environmental cognition. The ability to recall the elements that are not meant for daily visits is positively correlated with subjective well‐being. These findings suggest that, in addition to making cities walkable, creating places that are easy to be recognized and recalled by residents is also important.
Investigation of radiomics models for predicting biochemical recurrence of advanced prostate cancer on pretreatment MR ADC maps based on automatic image segmentation
Authors: Wang Huihui , Wang Kexin , Ma Shuai , Gao Ge , Wang Xiaoying
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To develop radiomics models based on automatic segmentation of the pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for predicting the biochemical recurrence (BCR) of advanced prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

A total of 100 cases with pathologically confirmed PCa were retrospectively included in this study. These cases were randomly divided into training (n = 70) and test (n = 30) datasets. Two predictive models were constructed based on the combination of age, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, Gleason score, and clinical staging before therapy and the prostate area (Model_1) or PCa area (Model_2). Another two predictive models were constructed based on only prostate area (Model_3) or PCa area (Model_4). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) and precision‐recall (PR) curve analysis were used to analyze the models’ performance.

Results

Sixty‐five patients without BCR (BCR−) and 35 patients with BCR (BCR+) were confirmed. The age, PSA, volume, diameter and ADC value of the prostate and PCa were not significantly different between the BCR− and BCR+ groups or between the training and test datasets (all p > 0.05). The AUCs were 0.637 (95% CI: 0.434–0.838), 0.841 (95% CI: 0.695–0.940), 0.840 (95% CI: 0.698–0.983), and 0.808 (95% CI: 0.627–0.988) for Model_1 to Model_4 in the test dataset without significant difference. The 95% bootstrap confidence intervals for the areas under the PR curve of the four models were not statistically different.

Conclusion

The radiomics models based on automatically segmented prostate and PCa areas on the pretreatment ADC maps developed in our study can be promising in predicting BCR of advanced PCa.
Inverse optimally adaptive neural output‐feedback control of stochastic nonlinear systems
Authors: Lu Xinyi , Wang Fang , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2023

In this article, for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with non‐strict feedback, a neural adaptive inverse optimal output feedback control design scheme is presented. First, according to the existing inverse optimal criterion, an auxiliary system is established. On this basis, a novel observer is built to evaluate the unpredictable states. Second, in the control process, neural networks (NNs) are applied to estimate the unknown functions. Based on NNs and the backstepping technology, an adaptive neural inverse optimal output feedback controller is established. It is indicated that the proposed scheme could ensure the semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded of the closed‐loop system and also achieve the objective of inverse optimality. Eventually, an example is applied to testify the feasibility of this scheme.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Lattice Structures Enabled by Tailoring Oblique Truss Orientation Angle
Authors: Zhao Jiaxi , Liu Rui , Cai Jun , Estakhrianhaghighi Ehsan , Sasmito Agus Pulung , Hou Jiwei , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid
Published: December 2023

The significant effect of the strut angle on the mechanical properties of strut‐based lattice structures is systematically explored through experimental and numerical investigations. The highest values of elastic modulus and yield strength, surpassing those observed in cubic lattices with the same relative density, have been experimentally observed at the strut angle of 71.76°. A correlation among elastic modulus, yield strength, and strut angles in lattices, validated by experimental tests, has been identified through developing a theoretical modelling and conducting a detailed finite element analysis. Transition from a bending dominated deformation mechanism to one dominated by compression within the lattice structures has been realized, contingent upon the tailoring of the strut angle. The deformation mechanism of these lattices is significantly influenced by the interplay between ductile bending and brittle failure of the struts. The superior energy absorption and yield strength demonstrated by the optimized lattice design have been underscored through a comparative analysis with other previously reported lattices. These lightweight structures hold promise for applications in the development of mechanical metamaterials with on‐demand mechanical properties.
Lanthanide‐Containing Heteropolyoxomolybdate as Precursor to Porous Complex Oxides via Polymeric Micelle Assembly and Its Heterostructure with Carbon Dots for Anticounterfeiting Application
Authors: Wang Yun , Yang Ruirui , Zhao Yifei , Hong Liangzhi , Ye Shi
Published: December 2023

The fabrication of porous complex oxides with intriguing opto‐functional properties remains a challenge that requires innovative synthetic strategies. In this work, a facile soft template method is developed based on stable micellar solutions formed with lanthanide‐containing heteropolyoxomolybdate and alkaline earth citrates as metal salt precursors and block copolymer as templates. The resulting structures exhibit an effective interfacial Förster resonance energy transfer (IFRET) between the porous CaMoO4:Eu3+ (CEMO) host and the embedded surface‐active carbon dots through the conjugated bonds between Ca2+/Mo6+ cations and the C═O functional groups. Such IFRET process extends of Eu3+ absorption band toward the UV and blue regions, enabling the proof‐of‐concept demonstration of multiresponsive anticounterfeiting codes. The study not only presents a new strategy to prepare porous lanthanide‐doped complex oxides but also provides a feasible way to achieve spectral regulation through interfacial interaction for multifunctional luminescent materials.
TNF‐α‐Induced KAT2A Impedes BMMSC Quiescence by Mediating Succinylation of the Mitophagy‐Related Protein VCP
Authors: Su Zepeng , Li Jinteng , Lin Jiajie , Li Zhikun , Che Yunshu , Zhang Zhaoqiang , Zheng Guan , Ye Guiwen , Yu Wenhui , Zeng Yipeng , Xu Peitao , Xu Xiaojun , Xie Zhongyu , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong
Published: December 2023

Regular quiescence and activation are important for the function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC), multipotent stem cells that are widely used in the clinic due to their capabilities in tissue repair and inflammatory disease treatment. TNF‐α is previously reported to regulate BMMSC functions, including multilineage differentiation and immunoregulation. The present study demonstrates that TNF‐α impedes quiescence and promotes the activation of BMMSC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the TNF‐α‐induced expression of KAT2A promotes the succinylation of VCP at K658, which inhibits the interaction between VCP and MFN1 and thus inhibits mitophagy. Furthermore, activated BMMSC exhibits stronger fracture repair and immunoregulation functions in vivo. This study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of BMMSC quiescence and activation and to improving the effectiveness of BMMSC in clinical applications.
X‐Ray Visible Protein Scaffolds by Bulk Iodination
Authors: Flechas Becerra Carlos , Barrios Silva Lady V. , Ahmed Ebtehal , Bear Joseph C. , Feng Zhiping , Chau David Y.S. , Parker Samuel G. , Halligan Steve , Lythgoe Mark F. , Stuckey Daniel J. , Patrick P. Stephen
Published: December 2023

Protein‐based biomaterial use is expanding within medicine, together with the demand to visualize their placement and behavior in vivo. However, current medical imaging techniques struggle to differentiate between protein‐based implants and surrounding tissue. Here a fast, simple, and translational solution for tracking transplanted protein‐based scaffolds is presented using X‐ray CT–facilitating long‐term, non‐invasive, and high‐resolution imaging. X‐ray visible scaffolds are engineered by selectively iodinating tyrosine residues under mild conditions using readily available reagents. To illustrate translatability, a clinically approved hernia repair mesh (based on decellularized porcine dermis) is labeled, preserving morphological and mechanical properties. In a mouse model of mesh implantation, implants retain marked X‐ray contrast up to 3 months, together with an unchanged degradation rate and inflammatory response. The technique's compatibility is demonstrated with a range of therapeutically relevant protein formats including bovine, porcine, and jellyfish collagen, as well as silk sutures, enabling a wide range of surgical and regenerative medicine uses. This solution tackles the challenge of visualizing implanted protein‐based biomaterials, which conventional imaging methods fail to differentiate from endogenous tissue. This will address previously unanswered questions regarding the accuracy of implantation, degradation rate, migration, and structural integrity, thereby accelerating optimization and safe translation of therapeutic biomaterials.
Structural Heterogeneity in a Phototransformable Fluorescent Protein Impacts its Photochemical Properties
Authors: Maity Arijit , Wulffelé Jip , Ayala Isabel , Favier Adrien , Adam Virgile , Bourgeois Dominique , Brutscher Bernhard
Published: December 2023

Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins (PCFP) are important cellular markers in advanced imaging modalities such as photoactivatable localization microscopy (PALM). However, their complex photophysical and photochemical behavior hampers applications such as quantitative and single‐particle‐tracking PALM. This work employs multidimensional NMR combined with ensemble fluorescence measurements to show that the popular mEos4b in its Green state populates two conformations (A and B), differing in side‐chain protonation of the conserved residues E212 and H62,  altering the hydrogen‐bond network in the chromophore pocket. The interconversion (protonation/deprotonation) between these two states, which occurs on the minutes time scale in the dark, becomes strongly accelerated in the presence of UV light, leading to a population shift. This work shows that the reversible photoswitching and Green‐to‐Red photoconversion properties differ between the A and B states. The chromophore in the A‐state photoswitches more efficiently and is proposed to be more prone to photoconversion, while the B‐state shows a higher level of photobleaching. Altogether, this data highlights the central role of conformational heterogeneity in fluorescent protein photochemistry.
Investigating temporal bone variation of colonial populations from St‐Lawrence Valley, Quebec: A 3D geometric morphometric approach
Authors: Martin‐Moya Diane , Ribot Isabelle
Published: December 2023

Objectives

In Quebec, genetic and genealogical research are used to document migratory events and family structures since colonial times, because bioarchaeological analysis is limited by poor skeletal preservation. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring past population structure in the St‐Lawrence Valley from the French (1683–1760) and British (1760–1867) regimes using morphological variation of well‐preserved temporal bones.

Materials and Methods

3D geometric morphometrics shape data from seven populations (five Catholics of French descent and two Protestants of British descent; n = 214) were collected from temporal bones. Using Procrustes distances and both MANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis, morphological differences were measured to calculate affinities patterns among populations. Shape variations were explored with between‐group analysis, Mahalanobis distances and quantified by means of Fst estimates using Relethford–Blangero analysis.

Results

Despite strong affinities between all Catholic cemeteries, all show divergent morphological regional diversity ‐especially Montreal and the fortified villages dedicated to its defense. Montreal exhibits low increase in morphological variance over three centuries. As our results show no morphological differences between the Catholic and the Protestant cemeteries in Montreal, this fact may highlight the potential presence of Irish or admixed individuals in Montreal cemeteries after the British takeover.

Discussion

Patterns of morphological diversity highlighted that French colonists did not equally contribute to the descendant populations as reflected by significant interregional variation. Although historical records show that French and English‐speaking populations did not tend to admix, morphological affinities between Protestants and Catholics in the beginning of the industrial era in Montreal could reflect the genetic contribution of Catholic Irish migrants.

Research Highlights

All Catholic cemeteries display distinct morphologies, highlighting differential contributions from French colonists and founder effects, which have increased regional differences.

Montreal Catholic (French descent) and Protestant (English colonists) cemeteries show significant morphological affinities at the beginning of the industrial era.

The Irish migration following the British conquest may explain morphological similarities observed between Catholic and Protestant cemeteries.
Child, parent and contextual factors associated with child protection system involvement and child maltreatment in the family: A rapid evidence review
Authors: Higgins Daryl J. , Hunt Gabrielle R.
Published: December 2023

Child abuse and neglect in the home is a prevalent and significant issue in Australia. Recent findings from the Australian Child Maltreatment Study revealed that 62.2 per cent of participants had experienced at least one type of maltreatment during childhood, with most reporting multi‐type maltreatment. This rapid evidence review was aimed at understanding factors associated with child abuse and neglect in the family context. Results from the included studies indicated that there is a complex interplay between various child‐related factors, parent or family characteristics and contextual factors in understanding child maltreatment. Implications for a reliance on proxy measures of child maltreatment, including involvement with child protection systems, are also considered. A key finding across the included studies was that parent characteristics were consistently identified and should be a key target for prevention. Further research is needed to explore the role of parenting capacity and skills in the prevention of harm, the intersection between associated factors, how protective factors and strength‐based approaches can inform prevention efforts and how policies and practices can be designed to appropriately address this issue.
The Family Row, Defined and (Sometimes Resolved)
Authors: Samuel Adam
Published: December 2023

In Part 1 of 2, London Alternatives columnist Adam Samuel looks at typical family fights that affect family businesses—power imbalances, bad family lawyering, and all manner of bequeathment disputes. Still to come: preventing and resolving the warfare over the family business proper—which is big business for neutrals, litigators, and courts world‐wide.
Contributions of amyloid beta and cerebral small vessel disease in clinical decline
Authors: Moonen Justine E. F. , Haan Renée , Bos Isabelle , Teunissen Charlotte , van de Giessen Elsmarieke , Tomassen Jori , den Braber Anouk , van der Landen Sophie M. , de Geus Eco J. C. , Legdeur Nienke , van Harten Argonde C. , Trieu Calvin , de Boer Casper , Kroeze Lior , Barkhof Frederik , Visser Pieter Jelle , van der Flier Wiesje M.
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION

We assessed whether co‐morbid small vessel disease (SVD) has clinical predictive value in preclinical or prodromal Alzheimer's disease.

METHODS

In 1090 non‐demented participants (65.4 ± 10.7 years) SVD was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and amyloid beta (Aβ) with lumbar puncture and/or positron emission tomography scan (mean follow‐up for cognitive function 3.1 ± 2.4 years).

RESULTS

Thirty‐nine percent had neither Aβ nor SVD (A–V–), 21% had SVD only (A–V+), 23% Aβ only (A+V–), and 17% had both (A+V+). Pooled cohort linear mixed model analyses demonstrated that compared to A–V– (reference), A+V– had a faster rate of cognitive decline. Co‐morbid SVD (A+V+) did not further increase rate of decline. Cox regression showed that dementia risk was modestly increased in A–V+ (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval: 1.8 [1.0–3.2]) and most strongly in A+ groups. Also, mortality risk was increased in A+ groups.

DISCUSSION

In non‐demented persons Aβ was predictive of cognitive decline, dementia, and mortality. SVD modestly predicts dementia in A–, but did not increase deleterious effects in A+.

Highlights

Amyloid beta (Aβ; A) was predictive for cognitive decline, dementia, and mortality.

Small vessel disease (SVD) had no additional deleterious effects in A+.

SVD modestly predicted dementia in A–.

Aβ should be assessed even when magnetic resonance imaging indicates vascular cognitive impairment.
Reconstructed Bismuth Oxide through in situ Carbonation by Carbonate‐containing Electrolyte for Highly Active Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Ren Xixi , Liu Fei , Wu Han , Lu Qi , Zhao Jun , Liu Yuan , Zhang Jinfeng , Mao Jing , Wang Jiajun , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin
Published: December 2023

The catalyst‐reconstruction makes it challenging to clarify the practical active sites and unveil the actual reaction mechanism during the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). However, currently the impact of the electrolyte microenvironment in which the electrolyte is in contact with the catalyst is overlooked and might induce a chemical evolution, thus confusing the reconstruction process and mechanism. In this work, the carbonate adsorption properties of metal oxides were investigated, and the mechanism of how the electrolyte carbonate affect the chemical evolution of catalysts were discussed. Notably, Bi2O3 with weak carbonate adsorption underwent a chemical reconstruction to form the Bi2O2CO3/Bi2O3 heterostructure. Furthermore, in situ and ex situ characterizations unveiled the formation mechanism of the heterostructure. The in situ formed Bi2O2CO3/Bi2O3 heterostructure with strong electron interaction served as the highly active structure for CO2RR, achieving a formate Faradaic efficiency of 98.1 % at −0.8 Vvs RHE. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the significantly tuned p‐orbit electrons of the Bi sites in Bi2O2CO3/Bi2O3 optimized the adsorption of the intermediate and lowered the energy barrier for the formation of *OCHO. This work elucidates the mechanism of electrolyte microenvironment for affecting catalyst reconstruction, which contributes to the understanding of reconstruction process and clarification of the actual catalytic structure.
An Organocopper(III) Fluoride Triggering C−CF3 Bond Formation
Authors: Joven‐Sancho Daniel , Echeverri Andrea , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Contreras‐García Julia , Nebra Noel
Published: December 2023

Copper(III) fluorides are catalytically competent, yet elusive, intermediates in cross‐coupling. The synthesis of [PPh4][CuIII(CF3)3F] (2), the first stable (isolable) CuIII−F, was accomplished via chloride addition to [CuIII(CF3)3(py)] (1) yielding [PPh4][CuIII(CF3)3Cl(py)] (1⋅Cl), followed by treatment with AgF. The CuIII halides 1⋅Cl and 2 were fully characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction (Sc‐XRD) and elemental analysis (EA). Complex 2 proved capable of forging C−CF3 bonds from silyl‐capped alkynes. In‐depth mechanistic studies combining probes, theoretical calculations, trapping of intermediate 4a ([PPh4][CuIII(CF3)3(C≡CPh)]) and radical tests unveil the key role of the CuIII acetylides that undergo facile 2e− reductive elimination furnishing the trifluoromethylated alkynes (RC≡CCF3), which are industrially relevant synthons in drug discovery, pharma and agrochemistry.
Catalytic and biological properties of palladium(II) complexes with bidentate Schiff base ligands
Authors: Özgür Gizem Kaya , Dervişoğlu Gökhan , Özdemir Fethi Ahmet , Özdemir Namık , Şerbetçi Zafer , Dayan Osman
Published: December 2023

In this study, we synthesized and characterized Schiff base ligands (S1–3), which contained sulfonamide/sulfonate groups, and their corresponding Pd(II) complexes (K1–3). We also introduced these complexes into Al2O3‐supported materials (M1–3) using the impregnation method. Following the structural characterization, we proceeded to evaluate the performance of the supported materials in a series of degradation and reduction reactions of involving organic pollutants. These assessments were conducted with the intention of exploring their potential as catalysts in aqueous environments in the presence of NaBH4. The study's findings present novel approaches to develop effective catalysts for reducing/degrading organic pollutants in aqueous environments. The M2 catalyst showed excellent results for dye mixing after 90 s. Additionally, we investigated the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of the synthesized compounds. The outcome also suggests that these synthesized compounds exhibit potential antibacterial and cytotoxic properties.
Preparation of aluminum diethyl hypophosphite intercalation‐modified montmorillonite AlPi‐MMT and its effect on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyester elastomer
Authors: Wang Zhengyi , Wu Wei , Zhang Wenxue , Shen Hui , Feng Yanling , Li Jianshuo
Published: December 2023

An aluminum diethyl hypophosphite intercalation‐modified montmorillonite flame retardant (AlPi‐MMT) is successfully prepared and characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, and X‐ray diffraction. It is found that thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) composites incorporating 15 wt% AlPi‐MMT flame retardant exhibited better char formation and flame retardant properties compared to those incorporating 15 wt% (4:1, w:w) AlPi and MMT. And the char residual of TPEE/AlPi‐MMT at 700°C is 16.17%, which is higher than that of TPEE/AlPi‐MMT at 13.94%. and the former can pass UL‐94 V‐0 rating test while the latter can only pass UL‐94 V‐1 rating test. Afterwards, the combustion performance of TPEE composites is characterized, and it is found that the heat release and smoke release of TPEE/AlPi‐MMT are greatly reduced compared with those of pure TPEE and TPEE/AlPi/MMT, which is a flame retardant and smoke suppressant TPEE composite. Finally, by analyzing the residual char morphology and elements of TPEE composites after combustion, the mechanism of the flame retardant AlPi‐MMT to promote char formation and flame retardancy is demonstrated.
Hybridization and invasive species in a threatened freshwater fish community under environmental pressures: Morphometric and molecular evidence
Authors: Galvez‐Bravo Lucía , Perdices Anabel , De Miguel R. J. , Lambea-Camblor Ángela , Penney Charlotte , Meloro Carlo , Martinez-Cruz Begoña , Brown Richard P.
Published: December 2023

Mediterranean freshwater systems are under threat owing to increased drought driven by climate change, intensive human land uses and non‐native species. This is causing increased fish hybridization in isolated watercourses.

The genetic and morphological characteristics of hybrids of sympatric native and non‐native fish species were studied in four streams of the Mediterranean Guadalquivir basin (south‐west Spain). Fish morphology was analysed using geometric morphometrics, and molecular determination of parenthood was inferred through one mitochondrial gene (cytb) and one nuclear gene (Beta‐actin) for all hybrids and a subset of pure parental specimens.

Molecular analyses confirmed hybrids between the native Squalius alburnoides and non‐native Alburnus alburnus in a stream with continuous flow. Haplotype analyses suggested that they originated from backcrossing of hybrid offspring. Intergeneric crosses between native species S. alburnoides and Pseudochondrostoma willkommii, and S. alburnoides and Iberochondrostoma lemmingii were detected in streams under reduced connectivity scenarios.

Morphometrics revealed that hybrid phenotypes were similar to S. alburnoides. In some cases, molecular markers uncovered hybridization events that were neither detected in the field nor by morphometric analyses, potentially supporting a backcrossing/introgression scenario.

Hybridization is likely to be increasing in Mediterranean rivers where S. alburnoides are present owing to increased fragmentation caused by summer drought exacerbated by climate change and human land uses and pressures. This can become a problem for these endemic vulnerable species if genetic diversity is lost, morphological homogenization occurs and hybrids cannot be easily detected in the field.

The potential risks could be addressed by monitoring and eradication of non‐native species and segregation from natives. To avoid native–native crosses, habitat quality and desiccation risk could be tackled by improved water quality and riparian reforestation to provide shade and reduce evapotranspiration. This would need increased coordination and intervention between the institutions that share conservation responsibilities in the area.
An analysis of threats to endangered animal taxa in California's freshwater systems
Authors: Qin Gary , Anderson Kurt E. , Cassady Anna , Rodriguez Leonardo , Syed Eeman , Regan Helen M.
Published: December 2023

This study analysed threats to federally and State‐listed endangered and threatened animal taxa in California, United States, and how threats varied by taxa, habitat use, spatial extent, severity, geographical region and endemic status using threat categories from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Threats Classification Scheme and information from scientific literature and reports.

A majority of the taxa evaluated were associated with freshwater habitats and were endemic to California. The most threatened taxonomic groups were fish, followed by mammals and birds. The number of threats was mostly evenly distributed across the State's three geographical regions (i.e., North, Central and South), and no single region had a disproportionately high number of endangered animal taxa.

Freshwater taxa were the most affected in nearly every threat category, suggesting that freshwater taxa are more threatened than their terrestrial and marine counterparts. In descending order, the most prominent threats across all taxa were habitat loss, invasive species, climate change and altered hydrology. Threats identified as high severity also tended to have a high spatial extent and vice versa.

This study shows that the numerous freshwater faunas in California are disproportionately affected by threats also found in other freshwater systems and Mediterranean‐climate regions, highlighting the scope of the freshwater biodiversity crisis in California. Managing priorities to target the most pervasive threats to endangered freshwater taxa documented in this study will help safeguard freshwater biodiversity against human threats in California and beyond.
Performance of DETECT Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Algorithm According to the Hemodynamic Definition of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology and the European Respiratory Society Guidelines
Authors: Distler Oliver , Bonderman Diana , Coghlan J. Gerry , Denton Christopher P. , Grünig Ekkehard , Khanna Dinesh , McLaughlin Vallerie V. , Müller‐Ladner Ulf , Pope Janet E. , Vonk Madelon C. , Di Scala Lilla , Lemarie Jean‐Christophe , Perchenet Loïc , Hachulla Éric
Published: December 2023

Objective

The evidence‐based DETECT pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) algorithm is frequently used in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) to help clinicians screen for PAH by using noninvasive data to recommend patient referral to echocardiography and, if applicable, for a diagnostic right‐sided heart catheterization. However, the hemodynamic definition of PAH was recently updated in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines. The performance of DETECT PAH in identifying patients with a high risk of PAH according to this new definition was assessed.

Methods

In this post hoc analysis of DETECT, which comprised 466 patients with SSc, the performance of the DETECT PAH algorithm in identifying patients with a high risk of PAH as defined in the 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines (mean pulmonary arterial pressure [mPAP] >20 mm Hg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP] ≤15 mm Hg, and pulmonary vascular resistance >2 Wood units) was assessed using summary statistics and was descriptively compared to the known performance of DETECT PAH as defined in 2014, when it was developed (mPAP ≥25 mm Hg and PCWP ≤15 mm Hg).

Results

The sensitivity of DETECT PAH in identifying patients with a high risk of PAH according to the 2022 ESC/ERS definition was lower (88.2%) compared to the 2014 definition (95.8%). Specificity improved from 47.8% to 50.8%.

Conclusion

The performance of the DETECT algorithm to screen for PAH in patients with SSc is maintained when PAH is defined according to the 2022 ESC/ERS hemodynamic definition, indicating that DETECT remains applicable to screen for PAH in patients with SSc.

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Investigating Electrode‐Ionomer Interface Phenomena for Electrochemical Energy Applications
Authors: Jo So Yeong , Kim Hanjoo , Park Hyein , Ahn Chi‐Yeong , Chung Dong Young
Published: December 2023

The endeavor to develop high‐performance electrochemical energy applications has underscored the growing importance of comprehending the intricate dynamics within an electrode‘s structure and their influence on overall performance. This review investigates the complexities of electrode‐ionomer interactions, which play a critical role in optimizing electrochemical reactions. Our examination encompasses both microscopic and meso/macro scale functions of ionomers at the electrode‐ionomer interface, providing a thorough analysis of how these interactions can either enhance or impede surface reactions. Furthermore, this review explores the broader‐scale implications of ionomer distribution within porous electrodes, taking into account factors like ionomer types, electrode ink formulation, and carbon support interactions. We also present and evaluate state‐of‐the‐art techniques for investigating ionomer distribution, including electrochemical methods, imaging, modeling, and analytical techniques. Finally, the performance implications of these phenomena are discussed in the context of energy conversion devices. Through this comprehensive exploration of intricate interactions, this review contributes to the ongoing advancements in the field of energy research, ultimately facilitating the design and development of more efficient and sustainable energy devices.
Syngas Production by Chemical Looping Dry Reforming of Methane over Ni‐modified MoO3/ZrO2
Authors: Maeno Zen , Koiso Hiroki , Shitori Toshiki , Hiraoka Koji , Seki Shiro , Namiki Norikazu
Published: December 2023

We investigated supported‐MoO3 materials effective for the chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CL–DRM) to decrease the reaction temperature. Ni‐modified molybdenum zirconia (Ni/MoO3/ZrO2) showed CL–DRM activity under isothermal reaction conditions of 650 °C, which was 100–200 °C lower than the previously reported oxide‐based materials. Ni/MoO3/ZrO2 activity strongly depends on the MoO3 loading amount. The optimal loading amount was 9.0 wt.% (Ni/MoO3(9.0)/ZrO2), wherein two‐dimensional polymolybdate species were dominantly formed. Increasing the loading amount to more than 12.0 wt.% resulted in a loss of activity owing to the formation of bulk Zr(MoO4)2 and/or MoO3. In situ Mo K‐edge XANES studies revealed that the surface polymolybdate species serve as oxygen storage sites. The Mo6+ species were reduced to Mo4+ species by CH4 to produce CO and H2. The reduced Mo species reoxidized by CO2 with the concomitant formation of CO. The developed Ni/MoO3(9.0)/ZrO2 was applied to the long‐term CL–DRM under high concentration conditions (20 % CH4 and 20 % CO2) at 650 °C, with two pathways possible for converting CH4 and CO2 to CO and H2 via the redox reaction of the Mo species and coke formation.
Large‐eddy simulation of plume dispersion in a turbulent boundary layer flow generated by a dynamically controlled recycling method
Authors: Nakayama Hiromasa , Takemi Tetsuya
Published: December 2023

When conducting large‐eddy simulations (LESs) of plume dispersion in the atmosphere, crucial issue is to prescribe time‐dependent turbulent inflow data. Therefore, several techniques for driving LESs have been proposed. For example, in the original recycling (OR) method developed by Kataoka and Mizuno (Wind and Structures, 2002, 5, 379–392), a mean wind profile is prescribed at the inlet boundary, the only fluctuating components extracted at the downstream position are recycled to the inlet boundary. Although the basic turbulence characteristics are reproduced with a short development section, it is difficult to generate target turbulent fluctuations consistent with realistic atmospheric turbulence. In this study, we proposed a dynamically controlled recycling (DCR) method that is a simple extension of the OR procedure. In this method, the magnitude of turbulent fluctuations is dynamically controlled to match with the target turbulent boundary layer (TBL) flow using a turbulence enhancement coefficient based on the ratio of the target turbulence statistics to the computed ones. When compared to the recommended data of Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU) 85020, the turbulence characteristics generated by our proposed method were quantitatively reproduced well. Furthermore, the spanwise and vertical plume spreads were also simulated well. It is concluded that the DCR method successfully simulates plume dispersion in neutral TBL flows.
Meta‐analysis reveals differential gene expression in tetralogy of Fallot versus controls
Authors: Voskamp Sarah Mae , Hammonds Maya Alexis , Knapp Thomas M. , Pekmezian Ashley L. , Hadley Dexter , Nelson Jennifer S.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect in the United States. We aimed to identify genetic variations associated with TOF using meta‐analysis of publicly available digital samples to spotlight targets for prevention, screening, and treatment strategies.

Methods

We used the Search Tag Analyze Resource for Gene Expression Omnibus (STARGEO) platform to identify 39 TOF and 19 non‐TOF right ventricle tissue samples from microarray data and identified upregulated and downregulated genes. Associated gene expression data were analyzed using ingenuity pathway analysis and restricted to genes with a statistically significant (p < .05) difference and an absolute experimental log ratio >0.1 between disease and control samples.

Results

Our analysis identified 220 genes whose expression profiles were significantly altered in TOF vs. non‐TOF samples. The most striking differences identified in gene expression included genes FBXO32, PTGES, MYL12a, and NR2F2. Some top associated canonical pathways included adrenergic signaling, estrogen receptor signaling, and the role of NFAT in cardiac hypertrophy. In general, genes involved in adaptive, defensive, and reparative cardiovascular responses showed altered expression in TOF vs. non‐TOF samples.

Conclusions

We introduced the interpretation of open “big data” using the STARGEO platform to define robust genomic signatures of congenital heart disease pathology of TOF. Overall, our meta‐analysis results indicated increased metabolism, inflammation, and altered gene expression in TOF patients. Estrogen receptor signaling and the role of NFAT in cardiac hypertrophy represent unique pathways upregulated in TOF patients and are potential targets for future pharmacologic treatments.
A comparative study of spinal cord compression management in metastatic prostate cancer: Teaching versus non‐teaching hospitals in the United States
Authors: Yazdanpanah Omid , Mahadevan Aditya , Sharma Aditi , Benjamin David J. , Kalebasty Arash Rezazadeh
Published: December 2023

Background

Spinal cord compression (SCC) in metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) is a critical complication and multiple factors influence the optimal therapeutic strategy. We investigated the differences in practice patterns between teaching hospitals (TH) and non‐teaching hospitals (NTH) across the United States.

Method

Using the National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS), we performed a retrospective study on hospitalizations with MPC and SCC between 2016 and 2020 in US. We compared demographic factors, comorbidities, treatment modalities, duration of hospitalization, financial expenditures, and mortality between TH and NTH. We also examined the patients' characteristics and outcomes in TH and NTH based on their chosen therapeutic strategy.

Results

We identified 11,380 admissions with metastatic prostate cancer and SCC; 9610 in TH and 1770 in NTH. The median cost of hospitalization was $21,922 in TH and $15,141 in NTH. Although the median age and Charlson comorbidity score did not differ between two groups, patients in TH were more likely to receive intervention (radiation or surgery) compared to NTH (Surgery: 28.2% in TH vs. 23.0% in NTH & Radiation: 12.1% in TH vs. 8.2% in NTH). Mortality was lower in TH than NTH (4.5% vs. 7.9%). In both TH and NTH, a higher proportion of patients with private insurance underwent surgery (TH: Surgery 25.1% vs. Radiation 18.8% & NTH: Surgery 27.0% vs. 6.9%). Black patients were more likely to receive radiation than surgery in TH (34.2% vs. 26.8%).

Conclusion

This study showed a greater percentage of patients underwent surgical intervention at TH compared to NTH. Additionally, the type of insurance and racial background were associated with distinctive treatment approaches.
Reduction in rancidity development in fortified whole‐grain maize meal by hot‐air drying of the grain
Authors: Taylor John R. N. , de Kock Henriëtte L. , Makule Edna , Hamaker Bruce R. , Milani Peiman
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective

Maize is the major staple in sub‐Saharan Africa. Whole‐grain maize meal (WGMM) is highly susceptible to rancidity development. This work investigated whether rancidity development in micronutrient‐fortified WGMM is retarded by drying the grain of safe moisture content to below this level using a commercial hot‐air grain dryer before milling.

Findings

Fat acidity (hydrolytic rancidity measure) of WGMM from maize dried to 11.6% moisture and stored for 47 days at 40°C was only 61% of meal from the undried grain control (13.3% moisture). Peroxide value (oxidative rancidity measure) was only 53%. With the exception of riboflavin, there was no reduction in fortificant micronutrients during meal storage. Descriptive sensory evaluation indicated greater similarity to the control for stored maize meal and its stiff porridge from dried maize than for meal and porridge from undried maize.

Conclusions

Drying maize grain to 11.6% moisture substantially retards rancidity development in fortified WGMM development, probably by inactivating the grain's lipase and oxidative enzymes, providing a shelf life of at least 20 weeks at 25°C.

Significance and Novelty

This simple process to extend the shelf life of whole‐grain maize meal is implementable by any mill with access to a hot‐air grain dryer.
Formation and Reactivity of heavy Group 14‐15 bonds
Authors: Dollberg Kevin , Marx Anna , Richter Roman‐Malte , Erlemeier Lukas , Dunaj Tobias , Weigend Florian , von Hänisch Carsten
Published: December 2023

A series of low‐valent Group 14–15 compounds were obtained starting from [(Dipp2NacNac)MCl] (M=Ge‐Pb) (I–III) (Dipp2NacNac=HC{C(Me)N(Dipp)}2) and M'E(SiMe3)2 (M’=Li, E=As; M’=K, E=Sb, Bi) (IV–VI). In the course of this investigations we were able to fully characterize all permutations except Pb−Bi for compounds of the composition [(Dipp2NacNac)ME(SiMe3)2] (1E: M=Ge, 2E: M=Sn, 3E: M=Pb). Thus, we report the first low valent tetrelene with Sn−Bi bond. All isolated compounds, were examined by NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and except compound 1As by X‐ray structure analysis. Moreover, were examined UV‐Vis spectroscopy and investigated the reactivity of these compounds towards different substrates in more detail. Starting with the compound [(Dipp2NacNac)SnAs(SiMe3)2] (2As), the reaction with red selenium yields [(Dipp2NacNac)Sn−Se‐As(SiMe3)2] (4) which exhibits a Sn−Se−As chain.
An Electrochemical Oxo‐amination of 2H‐Indazoles: Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Indazolylindazolones
Authors: Mondal Koushik , Ghosh Payel , Hajra Alakananda
Published: December 2023

We have established a supporting‐electrolyte free electrochemical method for the synthesis of indazolylindazolones through oxygen reduction reaction (eORR) induced 1,3‐oxo‐amination of 2H‐indazoles where 2H‐indazole is used as both aminating agent as well as the precursor of indazolone. Moreover, we have merged indazolone and indazole to get unsymmetrical indazolylindazolones through direct electrochemical cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC). This exogenous metal‐, oxidant‐ and catalyst‐free protocol delivered a number of multi‐functionalized products with high tolerance of diverse functional groups.
Spin qubits of Cu(II) doped in Zn(II) metal–organic frameworks above microsecond phase memory time
Authors: Wakizaka Masanori , Gupta Shraddha , Wan Qingyun , Takaishi Shinya , Noro Honoka , Sato Kazunobu , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: December 2023

With the aim of creating Cu(II) spin qubits in a rigid metal–organic framework (MOF), this work demonstrates a doping of 5 %, 2 %, 1 %, and 0.1 % mol of Cu(II) ions into a perovskite‐type MOF [CH6N3][ZnII(HCOO)3]. The presence of dopant Cu(II) sites are confirmed with anisotropic g‐factors (gx=2.07, gy=2.12, and gz=2.44) in the S=1/2 system by experimentally and theoretically. Magnetic dynamics indicate the occurrence of a slow magnetic relaxation via the direct and Raman processes under an applied field, with a relaxation time (τ) of 3.5 ms (5 % Cu), 9.2 ms (2 % Cu), and 15 ms (1 % Cu) at 1.8 K. Furthermore, pulse‐ESR spectroscopy reveals spin qubit properties with a spin‐spin relaxation (phase memory) time (T2) of 0.21 μs (2 %Cu), 0.39 μs (1 %Cu), and 3.0 μs (0.1 %Cu) at 10 K as well as Rabi oscillation between MS=±1/2 spin sublevels. T2 above microsecond is achieved for the first time in the Cu(II)‐doped MOFs. It can be observed at submicrosecond around 50 K. These spin relaxations are very sensitive to the magnetic dipole interactions relating with cross‐relaxation between the Cu(II) sites and can be tuned by adjusting the dopant concentration.
Treatment adherence in retinoblastoma: A retro‐prospective cohort study in Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Lukamba Robert Mbuli , Budiongo Aléine Nzazi , Monga Ben Bondo , Yao Atteby , Bey Pierre , Chenge Gabrielle Borasisi , Desjardins Laurence , Doz François , Mwembo Albert Tambwe , Kabesha Théophille Amani , Luboya Oscar Numbi
Published: December 2023

Background

In high‐income countries, retinoblastoma is curable in more than 95% of cases, whereas in low‐income countries, mortality remains high, especially when the diagnosis is made late or the treatment is discontinued.

Aims

To determine the factors associated with adherence to the treatment of retinoblastoma in the Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Methods and Results

A retro‐prospective cohort study was carried out. Data were collected from patient folders and follow‐up records of parents.

Results

A total of 175 children with retinoblastoma were registered from January 2013 to December 2015. Seventy‐six children (43%) were 5 years old and above. Care costs were covered by families in 86.9% of cases. Chemotherapy refusal was recorded in 39 cases (22.3%), and enucleation refusal was recorded in 79 cases (45.1%). After 36 months of follow‐up, we recorded 16.6% deaths, 27.4% treatment dropouts, and 18.3% loss to follow‐up after treatment. The commonest cause for enucleation refusal was fear of infirmity, while chemotherapy refusal and absconding treatment were due to financial constraints.

Conclusion

Poor adherence to retinoblastoma management was due to financial constraints, and a lack of knowledge of the disease and its treatment. Family psychosocial support is needed to improve this condition.
Characterization of circulatingmiRNAsin the treatment of primary liver tumors
Authors: Umezu Tomohiro , Tanaka Shogo , Kubo Shoji , Enomoto Masaru , Tamori Akihiro , Ochiya Takahiro , Taguchi Y.‐H. , Kuroda Masahiko , Murakami Yoshiki
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim

Circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs) indicate clinical pathologies such as inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether miRNA expression level patterns in could be used to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancer (BTC), and the relationship miRNA expression patterns and cancer etiology.

Methods

Patients with HCC and BTC with indications for surgery were selected for the study. Total RNA was extracted from the extracellular vesicle (EV)‐rich fraction of the serum and analyzed using Toray miRNA microarray. Samples were divided into two cohorts in order of collection, the first 85 HCC were analyzed using a microarray based on miRBase ver.2.0 (hereafter v20 cohort), and the second 177 HCC and 43 BTC were analyzed using a microarray based on miRBase ver.21 (hereafter v21 cohort).

Results

Using miRNA expression patterns, we found that HCC and BTC could be identified with an area under curve (AUC) 0.754 (v21 cohort). Patients with anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment (SVR‐HCC) and without antiviral treatment (HCV‐HCC) could be distinguished by an AUC 0.811 (v20 cohort) and AUC 0.798 (v21 cohort), respectively.

Conclusions

In this study, we could diagnose primary hepatic malignant tumor using miRNA expression patterns. Moreover, the difference of miRNA expression in SVR‐HCC and HCV‐HCC can be important information for enclosing cases that are prone to carcinogenesis after being cured with antiviral agents, but also for uncovering the mechanism for some carcinogenic potential remains even after persistent virus infection has disappeared.
When, Where and Why Boron Prefers Boron to Nitrogen
Authors: Kozuch Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Boron is the archetypal Lewis acid, and therefore it is only natural that it prefers to bind nitrogen, its usual Lewis base counterpart. To challenge this assumption, we present a computationally designed bicyclopentane molecule akin to [1.1.1]propellane, but with pyramidal B and N inner atoms bonded by an “inverted” dative bond. Unexpectedly, the dimer of this system prefers to interact via an atypical boron‐boron bond over the supposedly obvious boron‐nitrogen bond. A molecular orbital analysis shows that the boron in this peculiar entity acts both as an electron donor and an electron acceptor, making the dimerization an amphoteric‐amphoteric interaction process.