bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Students’ Critical Thinking Skills with A Problem-based Learning Model Assisted by Animated Video in Static Fluid Learning
Authors: Subagiyo Lambang , Riani Sonia Ayu , Hakim Abdul
Published: October 2023

This study was motivated by the necessity of improving students' critical thinking skills in the era of Industry 4.0. We developed and implemented a problem-based learning model (PBL) assisted by animated video as a learning tool made by using Adobe After Effects to improve the critical thinking skills of high school students using Problem-Based Learning as the instructional model in static fluid learning. This study applied a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design with a quantitative approach and purposive sampling. This study's samples included students of Class XI MIPA 3 of one of the high schools in Samarinda. This study's instrument consisted of essay questions about static fluids in physics that contained six indicators of critical thinking abilities: (a) identifying problems, (b) giving arguments, (c) deductive reasoning, (d) inductive reasoning, (e) evaluating, and (f) problem-solving and decision making. The results show that it is feasible and effective to adapt animated videos as learning media for educational content to improve students' critical thinking skills. The most improved aspect was on the deductive reasoning with an average N-Gain score of 0.93 by a 78-point difference between the pretest and posttests, and the least improved aspect was on the inductive reasoning aspect with an average N-Gain score of 0.63 by the 38-point difference between the pretest and posttests and an Effect Size of 3.43 in the very large category. We conclude that improving students’ critical thinking skills using a problem-based learning model assisted by animated video in static fluid learning is effective.
Damage Assessment Using the Auto-Correlation-Function-Based Damage Index
Authors: Zhang Muyu , Li Yujia , Peng Xiaoyang , Wang Ziping , Zhu Jianguo
Published: October 2023

A damage index describing damage severity based on the Auto correlation function at Maximum point value Vector (AMV) is proposed for damage assessment as well as locating the damage is described in this study. The detectability of the AMV-based damage detection method is compared with Mean Strain Energy (MSE) and the Generalized Flexibility Matrix (GFM) method, to show its efficiency in localizing the damage and its simplicity to conduct the analysis. Moreover, a procedure to estimate the damage severity using the sensitivity analysis is introduced. The stiffness reduction detection of a twelve-story shear frame structure is provided to show that the estimated damage severity by the AMV-based method is in close agreement with the simulated damage for small damage even when the measurement noise exists or is just part of the available modal parameters.
Free Vibration-Based Delamination Detection in Fiber Metal Laminates Composite Beam
Authors: Jarali O. A. , Logesh K. , Khalkar Vikas
Published: October 2023

Delamination is a typical flaw in fiber-metal laminated composite structures that, when hidden from view, can significantly lower structural stiffness and alter a structure's ability to respond dynamically to forces like natural frequencies. Delamination is undoubtedly an important topic as it causes the performance of the Fiber Metal Laminate structures in the service to worsen. Delamination detection and severity analysis are essential in the aerospace industry for both safety and cost reasons. Although natural frequencies do not directly reveal the location or extent of damage, they are the most dependable metrics for damage detection. Frequency shifts in various modes are used to solve the inverse problem to pinpoint the damage location and extent. The bending natural frequencies shift brought on by delamination is utilized as an input to predict the delamination parameters. This study used an approach based on machine learning and a regression model to find the delamination parameters, i.e., locations and severity, in fiber metal laminated cantilever beams. FEA simulations using ANSYS were used to get the dataset pertaining to the position, severity, and eigen values (or bending natural frequencies) of the delamination. The results of this study indicate that the delamination locations and severity predictions developed using machine learning and regression models are reasonably accurate and demonstrate good agreement with the observed data.
Advances in Therapeutic Contact Lenses for Different Ocular Condition Management
Authors: Ioniță Mariana , Vlăsceanu George Mihai , Toader Georgian A. , Manole Marius
Published: October 2023

The number of people affected by eye conditions is growing every year, due to the popularity of electronic devices and an aging population. In the world of medicine, accomplishing eye medication administration has always been a difficult task. Despite the fact that there are many eye drops on the market, most of them have important limitations due to quick clearance mechanisms and ocular barriers. One solution with tremendous potential is the contact lens used as medication delivery vehicle to bypass this constraint. Therapeutic contact lenses for ocular medication delivery have attracted a lot of attention because they have the potential to improve ocular bioavailability, patient compliance, and reduce side effects. However, it is essential not to compromise essential features such as water content, optical transparency, and modulus in order to target successful in vitro and in vivo sustained drug delivery profile from impregnated contact lenses. Aside from difficulties like drug stability and burst release, the changing of lens physical and chemical properties caused by therapeutic or non-therapeutic components can limit the commercialization potential of pharmaceutical-loaded lenses. Research has progressed towards bioinspired techniques and smart materials to improve the efficacy of drug-eluting contact lenses. The bioinspired method uses bioinspired polymeric materials to improve biocompatibility, a specialized molecule recognition technique called molecular imprinting, or a stimuli-responsive system to improve biocompatibility and support drug delivery efficacy of drug-eluting contact lenses. This review encompasses strategies of material design, lens manufacturing and drug impregnation under the current auspices in ophthalmic therapies and projects an outlook onto future opportunities in the field of eye conditions management by means of active principles-eluting contact lens.
Studies on Structures of Turbulent Swirling Coal Flames by Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Zhou Lixing , Hu Liyuan
Published: October 2023

Swirling coal flames are encountered in swirl burners of boiler furnaces and cyclone coal combustors, and were studied using large-eddy simulation (LES) in reported references. However, the structures of swirling coal flames remain to be further studied. In the present paper LES of swirling coal flames is conducted for two combustors using two gas combustion models. The statistical simulation results are accessed by experiments and the instantaneous simulation results are used to analyze the specific features of flame structures of four cases. It is seen that different inlet flow conditions and different secondary-air flow rate lead to different flame structures
Advances in SMA-Based Reinforcement in Steel Structures: A Review
Authors: Shao Chenxi , Huang Yonghui
Published: October 2023

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) have emerged as a revolutionary material that holds the potential to change the design and construction methods of buildings and other structures. One of the most promising applications of SMAs in civil engineering is their use as reinforcements for steel structures. This paper presents the latest research progress, opportunities and challenges of SMA in the field of steel structural reinforcement, both in terms of basic components and applications. In terms of components, the construction forms and working mechanisms of Fe-SMA strips, SMA/CFRP composite patches and SMA dampers are introduced. On this basis, the application of SMA in steel structures reinforcement is introduced, and its effect is analyzed from three aspects: crack restoration, seismic retrofitting and structural strengthening. Finally, the results of the current research are summarized and the shortcomings are analyzed, hoping to provide a reference for the research of SMA in the field of steel structures reinforcement.
EL MÉTODO EN EL PROCESO CREATIVO Reflexiones desde el diseño y el arte
Authors: Moreno Toledano Leonardo Andrés , Ariza Ampudia Silvia Verónica , Martínez Moctezuma Angélica , Mínguez García Hortensia , Servín Romero Héctor Francisco , Ruiz Rodríguez Zennia Berenice , Rogel Villalba Erika Anastasia , García Loera Alejandra Ivette , Galindo Hernández Luis
Published: October 2023

El proceso creativo, entendido como la habilidad de resolver problemas y de transformar el entorno a través de procesos sistemáticos que incluyen el pensamiento, el uso de técnicas y herramientas, así como la organización cronológica de las acciones orientadas a cumplir con una meta, ha sido una parte inherente del ser humano. Una característica relevante de la capacidad creativa es que esta no se agota en la resolución de un problema, porque un problema puede ser abordado y resuelto de maneras tan diversas como son los individuos que buscan resolverlo, por ello, a lo largo de la historia la inquietud por entender la manera en que creamos artefactos y resolvemos los problemas que presenta nuestro entorno, ha sido parte de la reflexión de muchos pensadores.
INDICATORS METHOD OF AESTHETICS ANALYSIS USING SPATIAL DATASETS
Authors:   Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, Pluto-Kossakowska Joanna , Cuprjak Marika ,   Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Published: October 2023

The research aimed to propose and test a methodology for evaluating spatial aesthetics using a grid of basic fields and comparing them with indicators related to the administrative borders of municipalities. The indicators used in such analysis refer to attributes of the landscape that enable the assessment of its structure and components. This paper proposes a methodology for calculating selected indicators based on available spatial datasets. A mathematical formula was adapted or prepared for each indicator to determine its value using different datasets, including vector databases or raster files. The analyses of space order allowed presenting the spatial distribution in the form of maps and the possibility of adjusting the relevance of individual criteria, weights, and profiles.
TROYES – THE WOODEN BEAUTY OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
Authors:   Professor emeritus of the Cracow University of Technology, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Kurek Jan
Published: October 2023

Troyes – a city on the Seine – was an important point on the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela in the Middle Ages and was consumed by fire several times. However, the city was rebuilt – both in stone and in the more cost- and material-efficient so-called half-timber technology. Many of these houses still survive today, forming, as in Reims, the valuable historical and architectural heritage of Champagne, another important city in the region, and as in Rouen in Normandy. History has thankfully spared many of the half-timbered (colombage) houses of Troyes. Today, they are of particular concern to conservators, who work to help save them and adapt them to modern needs.
ARCHITECTURAL MOTIFS IN PAINTINGS; SELECTED TOPICS
Authors:   Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków, Polska Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej i Ceramiki Katedra Chemii Analitycznej i Biochemii / Zespół Biochemii i Neurobiologii, Silberring Jerzy
Published: October 2023

Both architecture and painting belong to the arts, and additionally they cross talk with each other. The architectural object itself, such as buildings or constructions, is often an independent work of art. Peter. It is worth quoting here a statement by Waldemar Januszczak "Where in these mentioned works by Bernini does architecture end and art begin? Or is it the other way around?" (Januszczak W). The research in the present work has been focused in particular on a cross-sectional view of the links between architectural motifs and paintings, combined with the creation of perspective, also with the aid of a camera obscura. The subject matter discussed in this article is extremely extensive, because almost every artist, and we are talking only about these great masters, has in his dossier works showing architectural elements, even in the background. This minireview, by necessity, includes only selected works that are an individual choice of the author.
Ereğli’de Hesaplaşma: Karaman Âyanı Çavuş-zâde Zeynelâbidin Ağa’nın Katli [Mayıs 1772]
Authors: KÖSE Ensar
Published: October 2023

Âyanlık, erken modern dönem Osmanlı tarihinin önemli bir olgusudur. Bir bakıma Osmanlı taşra toplumunun “aristokrat” zümresi olan âyan ailelerinin ortaya çıkışı ve zamanla birer hânedana dönüşmesi sürecine dair sorular muhteliftir. Bunların cevaplanması, ancak derinlikli araştırmaların çoğalması sayesinde mümkün olabilecektir. Nitekim bu makaleden beklenen fayda, Osmanlı tarihçiliğinin bu vadideki çabalarına bir katkı sağlamaktan ibarettir. Mayıs 1772 tarihinde Karaman Âyanı Çavuş-zâde Zeynelâbidin Ağa’nın öldürülmesinden yola çıkarak okuyucuya, eyaletin iki güçlü âyan hânedanı takdim edilmiştir. Bunlar Lârendeli Çavuş-zâdeler ile Ereğlili Abdülgaffar-zâdeler’dir. Her iki aile de 17. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren adlarından söz ettirmeye başlamıştır. 18. yüzyıl boyunca Karaman eyaletinde mütesellimlik görevi, büyük ölçüde bunlar arasında el değiştirmiştir. Mukātaa sahipliği ve mültezimlik gibi, dönemin tipik servet edinme vasıtalarıyla zenginleşmişlerdir. Zaman zaman çalkantılı dönemler geçirseler de servet ve nüfuzlarını gelecek kuşaklara aktararak, birer “âyan hânedanı”na dönüşmüşlerdir. İşte bu araştırmada, Çavuş-zâde ve Abdülgaffar-zâde hânedanlarının doğuşu ve yükselişi, rakip haline gelmeleri, aralarındaki husumetin sebepleri ve nihayet Ereğli’de hesaplaşmaları ele alınmaktadır. Resmî görev ifa eden bir taşra seçkininin vefatı sonrasında, merkezî idare tarafından icra edilen bürokratik işlemlere de bir alt başlık açılmıştır. Araştırmanın birincil kaynakları Osmanlı arşiv kayıtları ve belgeleridir. Bu kaynaklar, Karaman ve Konya kadı (şer’iye) sicilleriyle desteklenmiştir.
Regress as a Change of Community Law on Games and Their Effect on Property Ownership
Authors: Arianti Farida , Fikri M. Ihsanul , Rahmi Zikra
Published: October 2023

There has been a change in Islamic law in interpreting game play in society when the Eid celebration takes place and has made it a tradition. Changes in the law in the form of ignoring the rules of Islamic law regarding qimar (gambling). The purpose of this study is to explore how the process of partial abandonment of Islamic law is related to the implementation of the tasks of the community subsystem, namely Islamic economics and explore its influence on the abandonment of Islamic law. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Sources of data by looking at the social situation about the game to the point of boredom, data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with interview guides addressed to informants in the form of contract actors, as well as religious leaders, in addition to observation and analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study explain that first; The community plays games as a means of enlivening the Eid celebration every year in one village, in addition to being a means of property ownership for the community in a village. Second, there is a partial regress, especially in the form of disclaiming Islamic economic rules, so that the function of Islamic law as a comprehensive social control cannot be achieved.  The implication of this research is the view of betting-style game play and then being raffle  into a new and cultivated habit.
Textbooks as Value-laden: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Moral Values Representation in Primary School EFL Textbooks
Authors: Sitio Ihsan Tanama , Sinar T. Silvana , Rangkuti Rahmadsyah
Published: October 2023

The inculcation of moral values in English textbooks, particularly in primary schools, has been a global concern in recent decades due to English’s growing importance as a global lingua franca and the impact it carries. Hence, the present study aimed to: (1) elucidate the realisation of moral values discursively represented in three primary school English textbooks entitled English Chest 1, 2 and 3, and (2) determine the extent of the textbooks’ contents in teaching the moral values. Fairclough’s (1995, 2013) framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) integrated with Kress & Van Leeuwen’s (2006) Visual Grammar Theory (VGT) was applied to elucidate the depiction of moral values in the textbooks. Additionally, Isaacs’ (2001) framework of Developmental Moral Values and Smetana’s (2006) Social Domain Theory were also adopted to look at how the contents of the textbooks teach moral values. The results show that (1) modesty (8,99%), curiosity (8,44%), perseverance (7,08%), and friendship (6,53%) are the most frequently occurring values in the three EFL textbooks. (2) The discursive realisation has revealed that certain fundamental moral values such as audacity, sociability, industriousness, respect for others, and responsibility are taught through the depictions of verbal-visual images in both school and familial contexts. Importantly, the three EFL textbooks have fairly adhered to the Indonesian moral (character) education goals and stipulation. They also provide implications on both primary school students and English teachers’ pedagogical, linguistic, and moral development so as to raise EFL textbook designers’ awareness to develop more morally-laden content.
EFL Pre-service Teachers’ Satisfaction of Online English Learning and Their Academic Achievements
Authors: Murtiningsih Sri Rejeki , Islamiyati Alyda Rizka , Hidayatulloh Sibakhul Milad Malik
Published: October 2023

The transformation of face-to-face classrooms into online classes during the Pandemic Covid 19 has impacted ELT activities. One of which is the students' satisfaction with the new format of learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between English Foreign Learning (EFL) Pre-service Teachers’ satisfaction with online English learning and their academic performance. A quantitative study with a correlational design was adopted to investigate the issue. A convenience sample strategy was used to recruit 132 EFL pre-service teachers from a private university in Yogyakarta. An online survey was administered to garner the data as well as students’ GPAs were used as another criteria. The Kendall's Tau correlation value (-value) of this study was 0.023, with a significance value of 0.704 (0.704>0.05). It suggests that the alternative hypothesis has been ruled out. Consequently, the research revealed that there was a statistically insignificant correlation between the level of satisfaction of EFL Pre-service Teachers' experience with online English learning and their academic performance. Even so, teachers and institutions are expected to still maintain the quality of online learning for their students.
The Use of ICT for English Language Learning: A Mixed-Method Study of EFL University Students
Authors: Al Arif Tubagus Zam Zam , Armiwati Armiwati , Handayani Reli
Published: October 2023

The current study aims is to investigate the perceptions and expectations of English as a foreign language (EFL) university students regarding the usage of information and communication technology (ICT) in English language learning. This study also investigates the frequency of ICT use among EFL university students for both general and English learning purposes. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used in this study. Two instruments were used to collect data they are, an online questionnaire and semi-structured interview. A total of 337 students participated in the online questionnaire. A Semi-structured interview was used to gather in-depth information to follow up on the questionnaire to 10 participants purposefully selected who answered the questionnaire with a set of criteria; participants agree to be interviewed; the participants’ mean score of survey result is >3. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and the qualitative data were analyzed and coded thematically. The findings indicated that students spend more time using ICT for general objectives (e.g. social media and entertainment) than for English study. They did, however, demonstrate favorable attitudes regarding the utilization of ICT for English language learning. Furthermore, they intended the campus to provide adequate technological facilities and internet access in each classroom to assist the learning process. Students believe that ICT can assist them enhance their English language skills. As a result, teachers should incorporate more ICT into their English language instruction.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF GENE RESISTANT TO VARIOUS INSECTICIDES IN Aedes aegypti AT BANYUWANGI EAST JAVA USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Authors: Yudhana Aditya , Praja Ratih Novita , Yunita Maya Nurwartanti
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the type of insecticides which Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are resistant to, so that other susceptibleinsecticides still can be used. The study was a cross sectional epidemiological study with cluster sampling in Sub-district Wongsorejo,Banyuwangi, Muncar, Tegaldlimo, Kalibaru which is considered sufficient to represent Banyuwangi Regency. Mosquito samples appropriate tothe characteristics were isolated and tested for insecticide-resistance primer namely voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) to determine thespecific resistance expressed in mosquitoes. The result of resistance test using WHO standard method showed that Aedes aegypti mosquito fromBanyuwangi Regency were resistant to cypermethrin 0.25% and malathion 0.8%. There was a VGSC coding gene with 250 bp band detectedusing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique which was associated with the resistance of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Banyuwangi Regencyto organophosphate insecticides (malathione) and pyrethroid insecticides (cypermethrin).
THE COMPOSITION OF SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL IN MEAT OF BALI BULL FATTENED USING GREENLOT SYSTEM IN SMALL HOLDER FARMING
Authors: Tahuk Paulus Klau , Dethan Agustinus Agung , Sio Stefanus
Published: October 2023

The objective of this research was to analyze the composition of saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol in meat of Bali bull fattened using forage crops in small holder farming. The experiment was conducted for 3 months using nine Bali bull aged 2.5-3.5 years old with the initial body weight of 227-290 kg in the feedlots of Bero Sembada Farmers Group, Laen Manen Sub District, Malaka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The experiment was conducted based on the fattening system of local farmers in terms of feeding, housing, and health management. Feed given during the experiment was Centrosema pubences, Clitoria ternatea, fresh corn straw, king grass, Leucaena leucocepala, natural grass, Pennisteum purpureum, and Sesbania grandiflora. At the end of this study, cattle were slaughtered and the composition of saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol were measured. Data were analyzed using a descriptive statistic. Results revealed that the total of saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acids in meat were 36.628% and 26.739%, respectively, while the cholesterol reached 79.18 mg/100 g of meat. In conclusion, meat of Bali bull fattened using forage crops in small holder farming has higher saturated fatty acid than unsaturated fatty acids.
CORRELATION BETWEEN BLOOD METABOLITE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CROSSBRED COWS IN SMALLHOLDER FARMERS
Authors: Widayati Diah Tri , Paramita Marcella Arka , Dwiviyanti Elisa , Suranindyah Yustina Yuni
Published: October 2023

This study examined the correlation between the concentration of blood metabolites (triglyceride, albumin, phosphorous) on the reproductive performances (S/C and PPM) of lactating Holstein Friesian crossbred (HFC) cows. Blood samples were collected through the caudal vein 8 hours after feeding and the plasma was analyzed at the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory of Universitas Gadjah Mada (LPPT UGM). Samples were stored at 5° C. Triglyceride, albumin, and phosphorous were measured using glucose oxidase-phenol 4-aminoantipyrine (GOD-PAP) method, photometric bromocresol green method, and cypress diagnostic, respectively. Blood metabolites data were analyzed using Pearson correlation model. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of triglycerides, albumin, and phosphorus levels on PPM and S/C were -0.521 and -0.650; -0.447 and -0.612; -0.513 and -0.700, respectively. In conclusion, there are significant negative correlation between triglyceride, albumin and phosphorus levels on the PPM, and very significant negative correlation between triglyceride, albumin and phosphorus levels on the S/C of lactating HFC cows.
BACK MATTER
Authors: Siregar Tongku N
Published: October 2023

BACK MATTER
INHIBIN B: KANDIDAT KONTRASEPSI PRIA BERBASIS HORMON PEPTIDA
Authors: Akmal Muslim , A Aulanni'am , Widodo Muhammad Aris , B. Sumitro Sutiman , Purnomo Basuki B.
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek injeksi inhibin B sebagai kandidat kontrasepsi pria berbasis hormon peptida terhadap berat badan, berat dan panjang testis, dan duktus epididimis. Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus (Rattus novergicus) jantan strain Wistar berumur 4 bulan dengan berat badan 150-200 g dikelompokkan secara acak ke dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu kontrol (KO), KI, KII, dan KIII. Kelompok kontrol, tikus hanya diinjeksi dengan 0,1 ml PBS tanpa inhibin B; Kelompok KI, KII, dan KIII tikus diinjeksi dengan 25, 50, dan 100 pg inhibin B/ekor. Injeksi dilakukan secara intra peritoneal sebanyak 5 kali dengan selang waktu 12 hari selama 48 hari. Injeksi pertama, isolat inhibin B dilarutkan dalam PBS sebanyak 0,05 ml dan diemulsikan dengan 0,05 ml Freud's complete adjuvant (FCA). Pada injeksi kedua, ketiga, keempat, dan kelima menggunakan inhibin B dalam PBS 0,05 ml dan diemulsikan dengan 0,05 ml Freud's incomplete adjuvant (FICA). Pada hari keenam setelah injeksi terakhir, tikus dikorbankan secara dislocatio cervicalis setelah terlebih dahulu dilakukan penimbangan berat badan. Berat testis dan duktus epididimis ditimbang dengan menggunakan timbangan elektrik, sedangkan diameter dan panjang testis dan duktus epididimis diukur dengan menggunakan jangka sorong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (P0,05) antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan terhadap berat badan, berat, panjang, dan diameter testis dan duktus epididimis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa inhibin B berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat kontrasepsi pria berbasis hormon peptida yang aman dan reversible.
ANALISIS FILOGENETIK ISOLAT VIRUS AVIAN INFLUENZA SUBTIPE H5N1 ASAL PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Helmy Teuku Zahrial , Widayanti Rini , Haryanto Aris
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan studi filogenetik virus AI tipe A subtipe H5N1 isolat asal Provinsi Aceh yang dapat memberikan informasi secara molekuler tentang kekerabatan antar isolat virus AI tipe A subtipe H5N1. Sebanyak 11 isolat virus AI asal Provinsi Aceh yang dikoleksi oleh Laboratorium Virologi Balai Penyidikan dan Pengujian Veteriner (BPPV) Regional I di Medan, Sumatera Utara selama kurun waktu 2007-2008 digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian meliputi preparasi sampel isolat virus, ekstraksi RNA, amplifikasi gen H, elektroforesis DNA hasil amplifikasi, sekuensing, dan analisis data hasil sekuensing dengan software MEGA 4.0. Hasil sekuensing diketahui bahwa daerah yang teramplifikasi sebesar 191 bp. Hasil allignment dari nukleotida 191 bp ditemukan urutan nukleotida yang menyandi 5 asam amino yang berbeda pada posisi asam amino ke-493, 498, 499, 504, dan 515 antara isolat virus AI subtipe H5N1 asal Provinsi Aceh selama tahun 2007-2008 dengan isolat dari pembanding dari gene bank. Kontruksi pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa virus AI subtipe H5N1 asal Provinsi Aceh tahun 2007-2008 mengelompok secara terpisah dari isolat Indonesia yang lain, tetapi masih dalam klaster virus AI subtipe H5N1 Indonesia.
PERAN OVISIDAL HERBAL SERBUK BIJI PEPAYA MATANG DAN ALBENDAZOL TERHADAP DAYA BEREMBRIO TELUR CACING Ascaris suum SECARA IN VIVO
Authors: Ardana Ida Bagus Komang , Bakta I Made , Damriyasa I Made
Published: October 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pemberian herbal serbuk biji pepaya matang secara oral pada babi ascariasis terhadap daya berembrio telur cacing pada tinja dan pada uterus cacing yang keluar dari babi yang diobati tersebut. Pada percobaan ini sebanyak 24 ekor babi Landrace betina dengan bobot badan ± 10-15 kg, umur ± 15 minggu yang terinfeksi cacing Ascaris suum (A. suum) secara alami, dengan egg per gram (EPG) berkisar 250-2500 butir. Babi tersebut dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan (P0, P1, P2, dan P3) masing-masing terdiri dari 6 ekor. Kelompok P1 dan kelompok P2 mendapat perlakuan dengan herbal serbuk biji pepaya matang per oral dengan dosis masing-masing 1 dan 3 g/kg bobot badan (P2) selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Kelompok P3 mendapat perlakuan dengan albendazol dosis 0,5 mg/kg bobot badan (Zodalben 0,04 ml/kg bobot badan) sedangkan kelompok P0 bertindak sebagai kontrol tanpa pengobatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengobatan dengan herbal serbuk biji pepaya matang pada babi ascariasis ternyata mampu menurunkan daya berembrio telur cacing dalam tinja babi dan dalam uterus cacing secara efektif sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengendalian askariasis pada babi.
KONSENTRASI GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH) EKSTRAK OTAK SAPI PERANAKAN FRIESIEN HOLSTEIN BETINA FASE FOLIKULER DAN LUTEAL
Authors: Isnaini Nurul , Wahjuningsih Sri
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kandungan gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) ekstrak jaringan otak sapi dewasa pada fase

folikuler (ovari berfolikel) dan fase luteal (ovari berkorpus luteum). Pada penelitian ini digunakan 2 buah otak sapi perah peranakan Friesien

Holstein (FH) dewasa dengan umur 7-8 tahun yang pada saat disembelih kondisi ovarinya menunjukkan fase folikuler (1 buah otak) dan fase

luteal (1 buah otak). Analisis kandungan GnRH dilakukan dengan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indirect. Hasil penelitian

menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi GnRH bagian otak sapi pada fase folikuler vs fase luteal berturut-turut untuk bagian otak parietal lobe of

cerebral hemisphere, corpus callosum, thalamus, hipothalamus, pituitary gland (hipofise), midbrain, cerebellum, pons, dan medulla oblongata

masing-masing adalah 260 vs 270, 110 vs 170, 230 vs 320, 1590 vs 1310, 840 vs 1250, 530 vs 810, 200 vs 480, 230 vs 100, dan 220 vs 70 μg/ml.

Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa semua bagian otak sapi yang diamati mengandung GnRH dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda antara fase

folikuler dengan fase luteal.
10. Potency of Clove Leaf Ethanol Extract (Syzygium aromaticum L) Against Differentiation of Leukocytes in White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Experiencing Incision Wounds
Authors: Masihin Charles Eko , Kaihena M , Unitly A J A
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the difference in leukocytes of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that suffered from incision wounds after being treated with clove leaf ethanol extract (Syzygium aromaticum L). The study used 15 white rats divided into five groups, and each was replicated three times. P1 is a negative control group, namely, rats with incisions made without medication. P2 is a positive control; namely, rats made incisions and were given betadine. P3 is a group of rats with incisions made and given clove leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 0.09 g/head/day for 14 days. P4 is a group of rats with incisions made and given clove leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 0.18 g/head/day for 14 days. P5 is a group of rats with incisions made and given clove leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 0.36 g/head/day for 14 days. After 14 days, the rats were dissected, and their blood was taken for analysis using a hematology analyzer to determine the difference in leukocytes. The results showed that there was a significant difference when presenting the ethanol extract of clove leaves (P0.05). It was concluded that presenting the ethanolic extract of clove leaf increased the differentiation of rats with incisional wounds.
5. Salix Extract: Impact on the Quantity of Escherichia coli in the intestines of Broiler Chickens Exposed to the Heat Stress
Authors: AK M Daud , Luthfi Rivaldi , Sugito Sugito , Novita Andi , Ismail Ismail , Salim M Nur , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Abrar Mahdi , Juliani Juliani
Published: October 2023

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a normal flora and a facultative anaerobic bacterium that plays an essential role in the humoral nutritional metabolism of broiler intestines. This study aims to determine the effect of salix (Salix tetrasperma roxb) extract 50 and 100 mg/litre in drinking water of E. coli colonies in the broiler intestines experiencing heat stress. The sample is 12 intestines of broiler strain MB-90 aged 28 days. The method used a completely randomized design. The study by user three treatments: P0 was not given salix extract in drinking water; P1 and P2 were given salix extract 50 and 100 mg/litre in drinking water. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and were continued with the Duncan test. We can conclude that the salix extract given to broiler chickens with heat stress could affect many E. coli colonies. This result can be seen from the doses given, indicating that the number of E. coli colonies in chicken intestines that experience heat stress depends on the dose of salix extract. The higher dose is given, the fewer colonies in the chicken intestine
4. Case Study: Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) in Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Susilo J. , Wibowo B. Tri , Tinasari Y. , Salim M. Nur , Masyitha Dian , Rahmi Erdiansyah , Isa M. , Herialfian Herialfian , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Karmil T. Fadrial , Gani Fadli A.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this case study is to diagnose the cause of death of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Two cadaver of Macaca fascicularis were received by the Lampung Veterinary Center from a customer. Necropsy was carried out at the Pathology Laboratory of the Lampung Veterinary Center by observing macroscopic changes. The samples taken were then observed by gram staining in the Bacteriology laboratory and hematoxylin-eosin staining at the Pathology laboratory. The results of macroscopic observations showed an enlarged gallbladder with a length of 4 cm and a width of 2 cm, blackish in color. Gallbladder surgery found 15 gallstones measuring 2 mm in diameter, brownish-colored bile, fibrin clots, and blood. The native gram stain of bile showed several types of rod-shaped bacteria form and gram-negative cocci (eosinophilic), and gram-positive rods (basophilic). Specific histopathological changes in the ductus choleductus are multifocal neutrophil inflammatory cell infiltration, enlarged gallbladder lumen filled with multi-bacterial, cell debris, fibrin, and erythrocytes. Multifocal hepatitis occurs by neutrophils, multibacterial, and fibrin. It can be concluded that the causes of death of Macaca fascicularis were cholelithiasis and hepatitis.
Aspergillosis in the Quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Natasha Natasha , Erina Erina , Hasan M.
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to isolate and identify fungus that causes aspergillosis in the quail (Coturnix japonica). The samples used in this study were 30 pairs quail lungs taken randomly from the Hanin Group Quail Farm, Garot village, Darul Imarah subdistrict, Aceh Besar regency. The growth of the fungus was observed for Aspergillus sp. macroscopically and microscopically. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study revealed that from 30 pairs quail lungs, Aspergillus sp. can be isolated from 26 out of 30 lungs. It can be concluded that 86.67% of the lung samples were infected with Aspergillus sp.
The Effect of Jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) Extract on Fat level and Water Content in muscle of Broiler Chicken which Heat Stres Condition
Authors: Zein Yana , Sugito Sugito , Amiruddin Amiruddin , Roslizawaty Roslizawaty , Gholib Gholib , Isa M.
Published: October 2023

Exposure to heat conditions is one of the causes of heat stress for broilers. This research was conducted to determine the effect of administering jaloh extract (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) in drinking water to broiler chickens with heat stress condition on fat levels and muscle water content (intramuscular). This research was conducted using a completely randomized design with a sample of 15 broiler chickens strain MB 90 aged 21 days which placed in individual cages and a temperature of 34 ± 1ºC was set for  4 hours/day for 7 consecutive days. The treatment groups were as follows: P0 as control group without jaloh extract; P1 was given jaloh extract at a dose of 50 mg/l; P2 was given jaloh extract at a dose of 100 mg/l in drinking water. Each treatment group consisted of 5 replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA test, and then continued with the Duncan test. The results showed that jaloh extract at a dose of 100 mg/l in drinking water could increase the fat content of meat up to 16.63% and could reduce the water content to 44.52%. It could be concluded that the administration of jaloh extract at a dose of 100 mg/l in drinking water could increase fat levels and reduce intramuscular muscle water content in broiler chickens with heat stress condition
Integrated Tracer Gas Flood Study for Development Optimization
Authors: Alameri Felwa , Naji Mazna
Published: October 2023

Introducing a reservoir with multiple complexities such as faults and challenging geological characteristics facing unexpected gas breakthrough in certain areas despite the absence of gas-based development within that development scheme. Furthermore, the inter-well Tracer Program was introduced to address and investigate those uncertainties, which involved monitoring the vertical and lateral gas breakthrough. This, in turn, brought forth a better understanding of reservoir heterogeneity. In addition, this further aided in evaluating the current sweep efficiency and oil recovery as well as modify the existing injection scheme and assess future developments.

The project was initiated in 2012 where the injectors were selected based on a certain set of criteria which included the proximity to high GOR wells. The paper discusses the considerations taken when calculating the volume of tracers to be injected. Furthermore, sampling of pre-selected wells was conducted monthly and the analysis per quarter. The quantitative and qualitative results have been taken to step two of the process which involves utilizing simulation techniques, such as streamline simulation, as well as other forms of monitoring (PTA, RST) to further understand the dynamic nature of the reservoir.

Gas tracer breakthroughs have been captured in 26 of the 160 wells that have been sampled. Most of the results can pinpoint the exact breakthrough time giving an indication of the connection strength between injector and producer. In addition, conclusions were drawn regarding the vertical communication between some sub-reservoirs as well as lateral communication within the same sub-reservoirs. Furthermore, the Inter-well Tracer Project brought to the surface some noteworthy opportunities when integrating it with other forms of assessments and monitoring. This included streamline simulation which was conducted to further assess the integrity of the simulation model at hand and enhancements recommended where needed. An additional added value was the capability of being proactive with regards to re-evaluating existing gas injection scheme in addition to any future developments with regards to well location to enhance sweep efficiency within the existing development scheme.

This paper emphasizes on the importance of utilizing not only one tool but the integration of various methods to continually enhance our understanding of the reservoirs. Inter-well tracers’ technique is a powerful tool in assessing the dynamic movement of the fluid subsurface, however, imposing additional monitoring techniques allows us to gain a more structured visual.
GHG Reduction Initiative Via Direct Flaring Reduction: How a Downhole Mechanical Gas Shut-Off was Successfully Carried Out in a High Gas Production Well in the Malay Basin
Authors: Chong E. E.
Published: October 2023

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission reduction is one of the key solutions in supporting the "Sustainability for Future" agenda especially in the oil and gas energy sector. This has also translated into Malaysia's commitment to the Paris Agreement 2015 which resulted in all Petroleum Arrangement Contractors (PACs) requiring to subscribe and support the notable effort of sustainable development goals. This paper will discuss how a downhole mechanical gas shut-off (GSO) was selected for implementation versus other options considered and how it was successfully carried out via rig-assisted workover in a high gas production well to reduce the overall GHG emission for an asset.

To start off, the team investigated various options to reduce GHG emission from the asset, starting from subsurface options to surface options. Based on this conceptual study, an initial screening study on the cost and amount of GHG reduction was carried out. Shortlisted options included gas re-injection into abandoned reservoirs via existing wells, exporting excess gas to a nearby platform to be used as fuel source, installation of a Condensate Recovery System unit on the topside and downhole mechanical GSO. As most of the options will meet the objectives, the final selection of the preferred solution depends on the risk, timing, lead time and commercial viability of each method.

Upon narrowing down the options to downhole mechanical GSO, the team broadened the workover scope and further added value to the opportunity by evaluating behind-casing opportunity (BCO) in the same well candidate to enhance the commercial viability of this proposal. A well workover proposal ensued where an integrated subsurface team worked closely to incorporate the geological and formation evaluation data to ensure optimum placement of the mechanical packer for the GSO. In addition, careful planning of a cement squeeze job between the Wells/Completions team with the Drilling team was carried out to further increase the chance of success of the workover. The well was also re-designed to cater for a dual-string completion to meet both GSO and BCO opportunities.

This project was executed in Q4 2021. As a result, the gas production rate for the field was reduced by approximately 5 MMscf/d which is equivalent up to 124k MT/yr CO2 emission with minimal impact to the existing oil production from the well.

This Greenhouse Gas emission reduction initiative (from concept to execution) could be replicated in other wells or assets having similar subsurface background and/or facilities constraints.
SAOO Leveraging IR4.0 Technologies to Reduce GHG Emissions
Authors: Elayoubi. E. M. , Boulaiyan S. N.
Published: October 2023

Southern Area Oil Operations (SAOO) of Saudi Aramco Upstream Business line, where energy is harnessed to create a better tomorrow, is a crucial part of the company’s jigsaw puzzle of operations, and encompasses some of the largest hydrocarbon producing and processing facilities in the world, including numerous gas Oil Separation Plants (GOSPs). SAOO is spread over 200,000 Km2, and include Ghawar field, the world’s largest oil field, Abqaiq Plants, which are the world’s largest oil processing facilities, SWID, the world’s largest seawater treatment plant, and Khurais Central Processing Facility, which is the largest single increment oil project ever undertaken.

Southern Area Oil Operations is on a continuous journey of sustainability, where every department works very hard to meet its production targets safely, while not over consuming resources and minimizing its impact on the environment. A continuous journey of sustainability means that SAOO strives to do its best with changing business demands, changing regulations and changing allocation of resources. It is a journey, since the dynamics of doing business change very frequently and where an agile and nimble business running model is a must for continuous success; and SAOO is successful. The world is witnessing a groundbreaking transformation as technology continues to revolutionize the globe around us. SAOO does not want to merely keep pace with this digital evolution, but rather aspire to be at the forefront and drive the change within the oil & gas industry.

SAOO has established a strong digital strategy with well-defined strategic priority areas aligned with cooperate-wide goals. These strategic priority areas are aimed at addressing key operational challenges faced during SAOO digital transformation journey and ensuring that the utilized digital solutions work together seamlessly. SAOO leadership and workforce is actively engaged in the digital transformation journey, and has established a steering committee and developed a technology framework to ensure smooth strategy execution. SAOO strategy addresses four key challenges; technology deployments that are NOT Fit-For-Purpose, a lack of enablers, technologies’ duplication, and 4IR knowledge gap. The strategy will alleviate these challenges by creating a modular business-based digital model through a connected digital transformation approach, while building SAOO’s workforce digital skills and knowledge to become future-ready.
Long Short-Term Memory Network for High-Fidelity Tracking of Greenhouse Gas Emission
Authors: Kumar V. , Roy A. , Misra S.
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the use of machine learning to rapidly predict the solutions of a high-fidelity, complex physics model using a simpler physics model. Two different closed-form solutions of the advection-diffusion partial differential equation (A-D PDE), known as the Gaussian plume model and Gaussian puff model, are typically used to model the atmospheric dispersion of gas emission. The Gaussian puff model is a more complex physics-based model that requires more computational effort to generate the high-fidelity solutions, as compared to the simpler Gaussian plume model that has several assumptions and approximations. An encoder-decoder architecture of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network is trained to predict the solutions of the more complex Gaussian puff model using the solutions of the simpler Gaussian plume model for various leak rate, wind speed, and wind direction. The LSTM model, with 3 LSTM layers with 16 neurons each, efficiently simulated the concentrations of the entire set of 2014 samples in a mere 1.34 minutes. This presents a significant contrast to the traditional software's time-consuming simulation process, which took 14 hours to achieve similar concentration outcomes in this study. The implementation of LSTM network has achieved a computational speed up of 625.15 times.