bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals on Blood Pressure–Lowering Treatment
Authors: Lieb Wolfgang , Enserro Danielle M. , Sullivan Lisa M. , Vasan Ramachandran S.
Published: November 2015

Background

Hypertensive individuals on blood pressure (
BP
)–lowering treatment with
BP
in the normal or high‐normal range have higher cardiovascular risk than untreated persons with usual
BP
in the same range. This residual risk (relative and absolute) is not well quantified and may be attributable in part to the higher burden of subclinical disease in treated individuals.

Methods and Results

We assigned 3024 Framingham Offspring Cohort participants to 5 categories based on systolic
BP
(
SBP
) and diastolic
BP
(
DBP
) and use of
BP
‐lowering treatment: (1) untreated
SBP
/
DBP
<120/80 mm Hg; (2) untreated
SBP
/
DB
≥120/80 to <140/90 mm Hg; (3) treated
SBP
/
DBP
<140/90 mm Hg; (4) untreated
SBP
/
DBP
≥140/90 mm Hg; and (5) treated
SBP
/
DBP
≥140/90 mm Hg. A composite subclinical disease score was constructed, including information on left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction, carotid ultrasound abnormality, peripheral artery disease, and microalbuminuria. The prevalence of subclinical disease rose across
BP
groups, as did the event rates for incident cardiovascular disease (449 events, median follow‐up of 11 years; group 1, 0.65 event per 100 person‐years; group 5, 3.20 events per 100 person‐years;
P
<0.0001 for trend). On multivariable adjustment, treated hypertensives in groups 3 and 5 had 50% (95%
CI
13% to 99%) and 28% (95%
CI
−6% to 73%) higher hazards, respectively, of developing cardiovascular disease compared with their untreated counterparts with similar levels of
BP
(groups 1 and 2 and group 4, respectively). The increased risk of cardiovascular disease in treated hypertensives was attributable in part to greater subclinical disease burden.

Conclusions

Treated hypertensives have higher subclinical cardiovascular disease burden, which partly explains their higher cardiovascular disease risk compared with untreated persons with similar
BP
levels.
Erection of a new genus Biura gen. nov., of the subtribe Aolina (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Dundubiini)
Authors: LEE YOUNG JUNE , SANBORN ALLEN F.
Published: November 2015

A new genus, Biura gen. nov., is erected within the subtribe Aolina Boulard, 2012, designating Haphsa bicolora Sanborn, 2009 as the type species. This new genus is distinguished from all other genera in Aolina by the light-colored body lacking prominent markings, non-infuscated wings, very small and short male operculum, thin and long uncal lobes, and distinctly prominent basal lobes of the pygofer.
A direct assay for the routine measurement of testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Owen Laura J , Wu Frederick C , Büttler Rahel M , Keevil Brian G
Published: November 2015

Background

The measurement of androgens in many laboratories is often limited to testosterone. To more accurately determine the androgen status in both sexes, the measurement of other androgens such as dihydrotestosterone, the more potent metabolite of testosterone, and androstenendione and dehydroepiandrosterone, the most abundant circulating androgens in women would be informative. We report a combined liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the measurement of these androgens.

Methods

Internal standards in methanol (10  µL) were added to 100  µL serum followed by the addition of zinc sulphate (100  µL). After mixing, 100  µL of acetonitrile was added and was further mixed. The samples were centrifuged and the steroids extracted using an automated online solid phase extraction on a C18 cartridge by a Waters Acquity with online sample manager coupled to a TQS mass spectrometer.

Results

Separation of the androgens was achieved by liquid chromatography. The run time was 6.5 min per sample. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 nmol/L for testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone and 1 nmol/L for dehydroepiandrosterone. The coefficient of variation of the assay in serum for testosterone was <6%, androstenedione <8% and dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone <10%.

Discussion

We have developed a rapid assay for the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry measurement of testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in a routine clinical laboratory. The assay requires a small volume of serum, and all analytes are measured simultaneously. The assay is rapid and simple to execute offering the potential for routine clinical application.
Ambiguities of power: Struggle and resistance in (the relations between) Turkey and the European Union
Authors: Muehlenhoff Hanna L
Published: November 2015

Traditional definitions of power assume a unidirectional and coercive relationship between two actors. The debate about power in International Relations has questioned such a compulsive unidirectionality by pointing to the multidimensionality of power, as well as to the power of those who are traditionally seen at the receiving end. It is especially the latter aspect that has not been taken up seriously by empirical analyses. Moreover, research has ignored the complex power struggles the ‘receiving’ actors are engaged in and their possibility of resistance. If taken into account, these Foucauldian revisions of the concept of power allow us to analyse the development of the relationship between Turkey and the European Union (EU) since the turn of the millennium in a much more nuanced way than is often done in the existing Europeanisation literature. This case is particularly interesting, firstly because of the change in relations between the EU and Turkey, questioning the condition of a credible membership perspective under which the traditional form of power of the EU over its neighbourhood becomes effective. It secondly shows that the EU’s power extends much beyond the imposition of policy changes and has restructuring effects on society as a whole, while domestic actors are by no means passive recipients in this process.
Half-Managed Care
Authors: Cheng Shou-Hsia , Chang Chih-Ming , Chen Chi-Chen , Shih Chih-Yuan , Tsai Shu-Ling
Published: November 2015

In 2011, a novel capitation program was launched in Taiwan under its universal health insurance plan. This study aimed to assess the short-term impact of the program. Two hospitals in the greater Taipei area, one participating in the “loyal patient” model (13,319 enrollees) and one in the “regional resident” model (13,768 enrollees), were analyzed. Two comparison groups were selected by propensity score matching. Generalized estimating equation models with differences-in-differences analysis were used to examine the net effects of the capitation program on health care utilization, expenses, and outcomes. Enrollees in the loyal patient model had fewer physician visits in the host hospital, but more physician visits outside that hospital during the program year than they had the year before. Compared with non-enrollees, the loyal patient model enrollees incurred fewer physician visits (β = −0.042, p < .001), fewer emergency department visits, (β = −0.140, p < .001), and similar total expenses and outcome. For the regional resident model, no differences were found in the number of physician visits, expenses, or outcomes between enrollees and non-enrollees. The novel capitation models in Taiwan had minimal impact on health care utilization after 1 year of implementation and the health care outcome was not compromised.
Development in the multiaxis 3D weaving technology
Authors: Labanieh Ahmad Rashed , Legrand Xavier , Koncar Vladan , Soulat Damien
Published: November 2015

Multiaxis 3D weaving technology allows insertion of in-plane fibres reinforcements, designated as bias yarns, oriented in directions other than 0° and 90° in the woven preform, unlike in the case of conventional weaving technology. By different existing weaving advanced techniques, two opposite bias yarn layers are formed, with no possibility to separate them by in-plane yarn layer oriented in 0° to reduce inter-layer angle. That could be the cause of weak interlaminar shear resistance in the final composite structure. In this present paper, a novel development is proposed to solve the issues related to the guide block technique, which is used to position the bias yarns in the weaving zone on the weaving loom. Thus, in order to enable insertion of in-plane yarns layer oriented in 0° between the two opposite successive bias yarn layers (±θ°). Furthermore, the proposed technique is upgraded to control the width of produced preform on the loom. The proposed approach has reduced degradations of the in-plane warp and bias yarns during a weaving process caused by the friction with reed blades. Geometrical characterization of manufactured preform, using the developed multiaxis 3D weaving loom prototype, has been carried out to observe the yarn geometry inside the impregnated preform. Similarly, the geometrical properties of the impregnated preform are compared with those of multiaxis 3D woven preforms produced by the tube carrier weaving technique and the tube rapier weaving technique.
Producing a poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) nonwoven by using the blowing out method
Authors: Zielińska Dorota , Stawski Dawid , Komisarczyk Agnieszka
Published: November 2015

A poly( N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) nonwoven was produced by the blowing out technique. The basic structural and mechanical properties of the obtained material were measured and described. It was found that the formed nonwoven has a smooth and delicate structure with quite weak mechanical properties. Its antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria were shown. Some medical applications were suggested.
Instructional context and student motivation, learning, and development: Commentary and implications for school psychologists
Authors: Pendergast Laura L. , Kaplan Avi
Published: November 2015

From an ecological perspective, learning and development in childhood and throughout the lifespan occur in the context of interactions within complex social networks. Collectively, the articles in this special issue illuminate three important themes related to teacher-student interactions within instructional contexts: relationships, competence, and agency. Through consultation and systems level advocacy, school psychologists can use these themes as starting points for improving the instructional context for both students and teachers.
Type 2 Diabetes and Depression
Authors: Kaltman Stacey , Serrano Adriana , Talisman Nicholas , Magee Michelle F. , Cabassa Leopoldo J. , Pulgar-Vidal Olga , Peraza Dorys
Published: November 2015

Purpose

The purpose of the current study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of an integrated self-management intervention that simultaneously targets diabetes and depression self-management in a primary care clinic that serves the Latino immigrant community.

Methods

The integrated intervention included behavioral activation and motivational interviewing techniques. It was developed with patient, family member, and provider stakeholders, and it comprised 6 individual sessions, followed by 2 monthly booster sessions. Eighteen Latino immigrants participated in an open trial of the intervention. A1C levels were examined at baseline and postintervention. Participants also completed measures of depression, diabetes self-management behaviors, patient activation, and diabetes-related self-efficacy and gave open-ended feedback about the intervention.

Results

Feasibility of delivering the intervention in the primary care setting and acceptability to the target population were demonstrated. Among participants completing the intervention, A1C levels decreased significantly from baseline. A significant reduction in depressive symptoms and an improvement in diabetes self-management behaviors, patient activation, and diabetes-related self-efficacy were observed. Qualitative responses from participants indicated unilateral positive responses to the intervention and endorsed its continuation in the clinic.

Conclusions

This pilot trial demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of an integrated self-management intervention for diabetes and depression. In addition, preliminary data suggest that the intervention may have a positive impact on diabetes and depression-related outcomes. Further evaluation is warranted.
Give Me an Experiment and I Will Raise a Laboratory
Authors: Gross Matthias
Published: November 2015

Bruno Latour once argued that science laboratories actively modify the wider society by displacing crucial actors outside the laboratory into the “field.” This article turns this idea on its head by using the case of geothermal energy utilization to demonstrate that in many cases it is the experimental setup outside the laboratory that is there first, with the activities normally associated with a laboratory setting only being decided upon and implemented post hoc. As soon as the actors involved perceive unknowns and uncertainties, these are relocated to various kinds of closed laboratories to be dealt with in a more controlled environment. This is done, for instance, by inviting stakeholders to laboratory-like settings or by analyzing the geochemical composition of fluids in laboratories. Thus, the risk-laden production of new knowledge by means of real-world experimentation amounts to a practice of relocating the context of discovery in society to laboratories of justification sometimes defined as such post hoc. Experimental processes in society can then be conceptualized as “real” experiments and laboratory activities as merely temporarily subordinated components of the larger experiment.
The emergence of the Human Flesh Search Engine and political protest in China: exploring the Internet and online collective action
Authors: Gao Li
Published: November 2015

For scholars with an interest in Chinese society and politics, protest is not a new subject, especially rural resistance and urban strikes. Numerous studies have been conducted which focus on social movements and popular protests, but the online protests by Chinese Internet users have not received the same amount of attention. The focus of this article is on how Chinese citizens use the Internet as a platform to protest against official misconduct or more specifically the emergence of a type of online protest called the Human Flesh Search Engine (HFSE). This type of protest has largely been overlooked by the literature on protest in China. This study aims to provide an appropriate and comprehensive definition of HFSE as a form of online protest via exploring its structural characteristics and general contexts. Drawing on the findings, I argue that a full understanding of protest in the digital age is possible only when the Internet and online forms of protest are taken into account.
Hemolysate-mediated platelet aggregation: an additional risk mechanism contributing to thrombosis of continuous flow ventricular assist devices
Authors: Tran Phat L , Pietropaolo Maria-Grazia , Valerio Lorenzo , Brengle William , Wong Raymond K , Kazui Toshinobu , Khalpey Zain I , Redaelli Alberto , Sheriff Jawaad , Bluestein Danny , Slepian Marvin J
Published: November 2015

Despite the clinical success and growth in the utilization of continuous flow ventricular assist devices (cfVADs) for the treatment of advanced heart failure, hemolysis and thrombosis remain major limitations. Inadequate and/or ineffective anticoagulation regimens, combined with high pump speed and non-physiological flow patterns, can result in hemolysis which often is accompanied by pump thrombosis. An unexpected increase in cfVADs thrombosis was reported by multiple major VAD implanting centers in 2014, highlighting the association of hemolysis and a rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) presaging thrombotic events. It is well established that thrombotic complications arise from the abnormal shear stresses generated by cfVADs. What remains unknown is the link between cfVAD-associated hemolysis and pump thrombosis. Can hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) contribute to platelet aggregation, thereby, facilitating prothrombotic complications in cfVADs? Herein, we examine the effect of RBC-hemolysate and selected major constituents, i.e., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and plasma free hemoglobin (pHb) on platelet aggregation, utilizing electrical resistance aggregometry. Our hypothesis is that elements of RBCs, released as a result of shear-mediated hemolysis, will contribute to platelet aggregation. We show that RBC hemolysate and pHb, but not LDH, are direct contributors to platelet aggregation, posing an additional risk mechanism for cfVAD thrombosis.
A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of distal coronary artery anastomotic devices in MIDCAB and TECAB surgery
Authors: Soylu Erdinc , Harling Leanne , Ashrafian Hutan , Attaran Saina , Athanasiou Christina , Punjabi Prakash P , Casula Roberto , Athanasiou Thanos
Published: November 2015

Background:

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) and totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) techniques may improve recovery and reduce hospital stay following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). However, working in a limited space with indirect visualisation would greatly benefit from a simple, high-quality and reproducible automated distal anastomotic method. Several devices have been developed; however, their uptake has been limited due to uncertainty around their impact on patient outcomes.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature identified six studies, incorporating 139 subjects undergoing MIDCAB or TECAB surgery using a distal anastomotic device.

Results:

The overall 30-day mortality was 0.7% (1/137). No cardiac specific mortality was observed. For each outcome of perioperative myocardial infarction (MI), postoperative stroke and haemorrhage, only a single event was observed for each (n=1/136, 1/138 and 1/136, respectively). The overall device failure rates were low, with the use of additional sutures only reported in a single case with the Magnetic Vascular Port (MVP) device. Anastomotic time ranged from a mean of 3.32 minutes with the MVP device to 20 minutes with the C-Port device.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate the overall acceptable early outcomes of distal anastomotic devices for use in minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery. Future research should focus on designing adequately powered, comparative, randomised trials, focusing on major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) outcomes in both the short and long-term, with clear case-by-case reasons for device failure and a comparison of anastomotic times. In this way, we may determine whether such devices will facilitate the minimal access and robotic coronary procedures of the future.
Epstein-Barr futile myocarditis requiring urgent orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: Antonakaki Dimitra , Mirza Sajjad Ahmed , Sundar Shweta , Grapsa Julia
Published: November 2015

We present the case of a 37-year-old man who was diagnosed with an Epstein-Barr futile myocarditis. The diagnosis was made in the Accident and Emergency Department, with the input of portable echocardiography. The patient subsequently underwent an urgent orthotopic heart transplantation and he has now completely recovered.
Meta-analytic approaches to determine gender differences for delayed healing in venous leg ulcers
Authors: Tang Xiao-Lei , Chen Hong-Lin , Zhao Fang-Fang
Published: November 2015

Objective

The aim of this analysis was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating gender difference of delayed healing risk in patients with venous leg ulcers.

Methods

We searched the PubMed and Web of Knowledge from their inception to 4 July 2015. The meta-analysis of pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for venous leg ulcers healing risk were calculated.

Results

Twelve studies with 4453 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio for healing rate stratified by gender was 1.055 (95% CI 0.955–1.165; Z = 1.05, p = 0.292) by fix-effects model. The Begg's test (z = 2.67, p = 0.007), the Egger's test (t = 4.00, p = 0.003), and asymmetric funnel plot suggested there was significant publication bias. Subgroup analysis showed the pooled odds ratios were 1.048 (95% CI 0.945–1.162; Z = 0.88, p = 0.376) in prospective studies and 1.439 (95% CI 0.757–2.736; Z = 1.11, p = 0.266) in retrospective studies. Sensitivity analyses by only pooled adjusted odds ratios showed the pooled odds ratio was 1.049 (95% CI 0.946–1.163; Z = 0.91, p = 0.365), which indicated the results of meta-analysis were robust. Meta-regression analysis showed the healing rate odds ratio stratified by gender was not related with healing rate (t = 0.73, p = 0.484).

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis indicates that no gender difference existed for delayed healing in venous leg ulcers. Our results may be also useful in developing a risk score for failure of venous leg ulcers to heal.
Oxytocin receptor: Expression in the trigeminal nociceptive system and potential role in the treatment of headache disorders
Authors: Tzabazis Alexander , Mechanic Jordan , Miller James , Klukinov Michael , Pascual Conrado , Manering Neil , Carson Dean S , Jacobs Allon , Qiao Yanli , Cuellar Jason , Frey William H , Jacobs Daniel , Angst Martin , Yeomans David C
Published: November 2015

Aims

Our studies investigated the location of oxytocin receptors in the peripheral trigeminal sensory system and determined their role in trigeminal pain.

Methods

Oxytocin receptor expression and co-localization with calcitonin gene-related peptide was investigated in rat trigeminal ganglion using immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the effects of facial electrocutaneous stimulation and adjuvant-induced inflammation of the temporomandibular joint on oxytocin receptor expression in the trigeminal ganglion. Finally, the effects of oxytocin on capsaicin-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide release from dural nociceptors were investigated using isolated rat dura mater.

Results

Oxytocin receptor immunoreactivity was present in rat trigeminal neurons. The vast majority of oxytocin receptor immunoreactive neurons co-expressed calcitonin gene-related peptide. Both electrocutaneous stimulation and adjuvant-induced inflammation led to a rapid upregulation of oxytocin receptor protein expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons. Oxytocin significantly and dose-dependently decreased capsaicin-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide release from dural nociceptors.

Conclusion

Oxytocin receptor expression in calcitonin gene-related peptide containing trigeminal ganglion neurons, and the blockade of calcitonin gene-related peptide release from trigeminal dural afferents suggests that activation of these receptors may provide therapeutic benefit in patients with migraine and other primary headache disorders.
Radiographic Identification of Arthroscopically Relevant Acetabular Structures
Authors: Lee W. Andrew , Saroki Adriana J. , Løken Sverre , Trindade Christiano A.C. , Cram Tyler R. , Schindler Broc R. , LaPrade Robert F. , Philippon Marc J.
Published: November 2015

Background:

The anatomy of the acetabulum has been described extensively in the literature, but radiographic acetabular guidelines have not been well established. This study provides a radiographic map of acetabular landmarks in the hip.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to quantify the precise radiographic location of arthroscopic landmarks around the acetabulum. The hypothesis was that their locations were reproducible despite variability in the anatomy and positioning of pelvic specimens.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were dissected, and radio-opaque hardware was placed for each landmark of interest. Anteroposterior (AP) and false-profile radiographs were obtained, and measurements were taken using a digital picture archiving and communication system.

Results:

On AP radiographs, the direct and indirect heads of the rectus femoris were a mean 48.2 ± 4.6 mm and 44.7 ± 4.3 mm proximal to the teardrop line, respectively. The mean radiographic distance between their insertions was 5.0 ± 3.4 mm. Moreover, the anterior inferior iliac spine was a mean 11.5 ± 3.8 mm from the acetabular rim. On false-profile radiographs, the mean distance between the direct and indirect heads of the rectus femoris was 31.4 ± 6.2 mm. The mean distance between the superior margin of the anterior labral sulcus (the psoas-u) and the midpoint of the transverse acetabular ligament was 41.0 ± 5.7 mm. Additionally, the direct and indirect heads of the rectus femoris corresponded to the 2:30 and 1:30 locations on the acetabular clockface, respectively. The midpoint of the transverse acetabular ligament was located at 7 o’clock on the clockface.

Conclusion:

The most important finding of this study, determined by quantitative measurements, was that the described surgical landmarks had reliable locations on radiographs. Distances between landmarks as well as distances between landmarks and reference lines were reproducible in both AP and false-profile views.

Clinical Relevance:

An understanding of how acetabular structures present on radiographs could lead to more accurate portal and hardware placement intraoperatively during arthroscopic surgery as well as better preoperative and postoperative assessments.
Association between History of Gestational Diabetes and Exclusive Breastfeeding at Hospital Discharge
Authors: Haile Zelalem T. , Oza-Frank Reena , Azulay Chertok Ilana R. , Passen Nina
Published: November 2015

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended in the first 6 months of life, especially for infants born to women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Yet, women with a history of GDM face challenges with exclusive breastfeeding in the early postpartum period, a critical period for setting up longer term breastfeeding success. Minimal research has been published on associated risk factors for not exclusively breastfeeding.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between GDM and exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis including 2038 women who participated in the population-based Infant Feeding Practices Study II between May 2005 and June 2007.

Results:

Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence was 5.8%. The crude prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge was 62.2% among women with GDM compared to 75.4% of women without GDM ( P < .01). After adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and anthropometric factors, the odds of exclusive breastfeeding were lower among women with GDM compared to women without diabetes (odds ratio = 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-0.92). Furthermore, women who had gestational weight gain (GWG) below the Institute of Medicine guidelines had lower odds of exclusive breastfeeding compared to women who had normal GWG (odds ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.85).

Conclusion:

Women with GDM history and women with inadequate GWG may need additional education to promote exclusive breastfeeding during maternal hospital stay. It is important for health care providers to assess both factors when providing education on exclusive breastfeeding and to support these women’s breastfeeding efforts in the early postpartum period to maximize potential for longer term breastfeeding success.
Critical Review and Update on the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Shapiro Nancy L. , Bhatt Snehal H.
Published: November 2015

Pulmonary embolism (PE), can be life-threatening without rapid appropriate therapy and often leads to chronic disease and disability. The ambiguity of symptoms makes PE difficult to diagnose, and available imaging strategies have their limitations. Treatment options for acute PE include fibrinolytics, surgical embolectomy, catheter-directed treatment, or vena cava filter placement as well as traditional parenteral anticoagulants, used alone or as a bridge to a vitamin K antagonist (VKA). The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) rivaroxaban and apixaban allow for single drug therapy, eliminating the need for initial parenteral anticoagulation, while dabigatran and edoxaban are initiated after a short course of parenteral therapy. The DOACs serve as a viable alternative to warfarin for chronic management for PE. Pulmonary embolism provoked from transient risk factors often requires a short-term course of anticoagulation (3 months). Unprovoked events, and those that occur in the presence of continuing risk factors such as cancer, or clinical markers such as residual vein thrombosis and elevated d-dimers can predict a higher risk of recurrent events and warrant extended anticoagulation. This review evaluates current recommendations for the treatment of PE, including dosing strategies, duration of therapy, and special populations such as renal impairment, malignancy, and obesity.
A novel approach for monitoring and improving the quality of welded joint in gas metal arc welding process using adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems
Authors: Shahabi Hamid , Kolahan Farhad
Published: November 2015

In gas metal arc welding, like other welding techniques, the quality of welded joint may be described in terms of weld bead geometry and the presence of welding defects. In turn, the characteristics of welding signals, such as voltage, current and sound, may be used to predict and improve the quality of welded joint. In this work, two sets of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system have been used to predict and improve the weld quality characteristics. The required data for modeling were obtained from 57 experiments based on D-optimal design of experiments. The first set is developed to predict the possible welding defects (discontinuity, lack of fusion and overlap) and shape factor of the weld bead. These “predicting adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system models” have been developed using 13 statistical parameters of the sound, voltage and current signals. The objective of the second set of models, called “improving adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system models,” is to adjust the input welding parameters in such a way that the weld defects are minimized. These models simulate the experiences of professional human welders as the learning databases. Verification tests reveal that the proposed predicting adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system models can accurately estimate the main weld quality indices in actual gas metal arc welding process. Moreover, experimental results for improving the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system models confirm that the defects of faulty weldment can be eliminated after applying the process parameters settings given by these models. The proposed adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system models may pave the way in assisting the human welder to predict and enhance the weld quality characteristics.
Calibration error analysis of inertially stabilized platforms using quaternions and octonions in rotation decomposition
Authors: Tang Qijian , Wang Xiangjun , Yang Qingping , Liu Feng
Published: November 2015

In the calibration process of the inertially stabilized platforms with a high-precision turntable and an autocollimator, significant calibration errors can result from the axis misalignments between the inertially stabilized platforms and the turntable. Based on the relationship between spatial rotations and quaternions or octonions, this article proposes a representation using octonions to realize the decomposition of the rotation axis in two perpendicular axes and subsequently derives the calibration error model. The test results demonstrated that the error is significantly improved after compensation. The azimuth variance is reduced from 0.1379(°)2 to 0.0492(°)2, which offers a more accurate set of data for further compensation based on the error model of the platform itself.
A robust approach to design a single facility layout plan in dynamic manufacturing environments using a permutation-based genetic algorithm
Authors: Zarea Fazlelahi Forough , Pournader Mehrdokht , Gharakhani Mohsen , Sadjadi Seyed Jafar
Published: November 2015

During the past few decades, developing efficient methods to solve dynamic facility layout problems has been focused on significantly by practitioners and researchers. More specifically meta-heuristic algorithms, especially genetic algorithm, have been proven to be increasingly helpful to generate sub-optimal solutions for large-scale dynamic facility layout problems. Nevertheless, the uncertainty of the manufacturing factors in addition to the scale of the layout problem calls for a mixed genetic algorithm–robust approach that could provide a single unlimited layout design. The present research aims to devise a customized permutation-based robust genetic algorithm in dynamic manufacturing environments that is expected to be generating a unique robust layout for all the manufacturing periods. The numerical outcomes of the proposed robust genetic algorithm indicate significant cost improvements compared to the conventional genetic algorithm methods and a selective number of other heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques.
Instability analysis of friction oscillators with uncertainty in the friction law distribution
Authors: Zhang Z , Oberst S , Lai JCS
Published: November 2015

Despite substantial research efforts in the past two decades, the prediction of brake squeal propensity, as a significant noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) issue to automotive manufactures, is as difficult as ever. This is due to the complexity of the interacting mechanisms (e.g. stick-slip, sprag-slip, mode coupling and hammering effect) and the uncertain operating conditions (temperature, pressure). In particular, two major aspects in brake squeal have attracted significant attention recently: nonlinearity and uncertainty. The fugitiveness of brake squeal could be attributed to a number of factors including the difficulty in accurately modelling friction. In this paper, the influence of the uncertainty arising from the tribological aspect in brake squeal prediction is analysed. Three types of friction models, namely the Amonton-Coulomb model, the velocity-dependent model and the LuGre model, are randomly assigned to a group of interconnected oscillators which model the dynamics of a brake system. The complex eigenvalue analysis, as a standard stability analysis tool, and the friction work calculation are performed to investigate the probability for instability arising from the uncertainty in the friction models. The results are discussed with a view to apply this approach to the analysis of the squeal propensity for a full brake system.
Design of a hybrid model predictive controller for the vehicle height adjustment system of an electronic air suspension
Authors: Sun Xiaoqiang , Cai Yingfeng , Wang Shaohua , Liu Yanling , Chen Long
Published: November 2015

The vehicle height adjustment system of an electronically controlled air suspension poses challenging hybrid control problems, since it can operate in several distinct discrete modes (the gas-charging mode, the gas-discharging mode and the no-action) by switching the on–off solenoid valves. This paper describes the development and experimental validation of a new vehicle height adjustment controller for an electronically controlled air suspension based on the theory of hybrid systems. The mixed logical dynamic modelling approach, which is an effective model structure for hybrid systems, is chosen to obtain the hybrid dynamic behaviours of the vehicle height adjustment system. On the basis of some reasonable assumptions and a linear approximation for the non-linearities of the components, the mixed logical dynamic model of the system is constructed by using the hybrid systems description language, which is a high-level hybrid modelling language. Using this model, a constrained optimal control problem is formulated and solved by tuning a hybrid model predictive controller, which can track the desired vehicle height through controlling the on–off statuses of the solenoid valves directly. Simulations and experimental results are presented finally to show how the hybrid framework and the optimization-based control strategy can be successfully applied to solve the vehicle height control problem of an electronically controlled air suspension in a systematic way.
Benefit optimization and operational requirement of Flow Corridor in Japanese airspace
Authors: Takeichi Noboru , Abumi Yosuke
Published: November 2015

The Flow Corridor is one of the operational concepts in the future air traffic plans. They are planned to be introduced along high demand routes between airport or city pairs. Aircraft capable of self-separation are allowed to fly along it with no instruction by air traffic controllers. All aircraft will be able to fly along each ones’ own optimum trajectory with punctuality in the Flow Corridor by using the self-separation. In this study, the optimum Flow Corridor allocation based on the potential benefit estimation is discussed. The average fuel consumption and flight time of representative aircraft types are analyzed using their actual flight data in Japan. In addition, the fuel optimum flight trajectories of the same type aircraft are analyzed. Through their comparison, it is clarified that the Flow Corridor introduction enables both the flight time and fuel consumption reduction, and that the fuel consumption reduction is remarkably large in both the cruise and descent trajectories. The optimization analyses varying the aircraft weight clarified the height and speed extent among the optimum trajectories of various aircraft types. This determines the cross-sectional shape of the Flow Corridor. The situations of overtaking are also analyzed assuming that all aircraft in the Flow Corridor fly punctually with appropriate landing intervals at the destination airport. It is clarified that the overtaking frequently occurs during both the cruise and descent trajectories. These results provide the requirements for the self-separation during the descent phase.
Validation of 2 Prognostic Models in Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Hematological Malignancies in Japan
Authors: Ohno Eiji , Abe Miyuki , Sasaki Hitohiro , Okuhiro Kazuki
Published: November 2015

Patients with advanced hematological malignancies are less likely to be referred to specialist palliative care services compared with patients having solid tumors. It has been reported that one of the most important reasons for the lack of referral is difficulties in the prognostication of terminally ill patients with hematologic malignancies. The study objective was to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) and the prognostic model developed by Kripp et al in hospitalized patients under the care of a hematologist. Using clinical charts, we retrospectively calculated the above scores. We reviewed the records of 114 patients admitted to the hematology ward. The inclusion criterion was patient with disease considered incurable using standard treatments. The prognostic models were assessed according to the original reports. Using PPI cutoff points of 2 and 4, we divided the patients into 3 groups of significantly different survival times ( P < .01). Moreover, we confirmed the usefulness of predicting survival <3 and <6 weeks using PPI scores of 6 and 4 as cutoff points, respectively. When we classified patients according to the prognostic model of Kripp et al, the high-risk group survived significantly shorter times than the intermediate- and low-risk groups ( P < .001). However, there was no significant difference in survival between the intermediate- and low-risk groups. Use of these models might enable physicians to provide more appropriate end-of-life care and to refer patients to palliative care earlier.
Effect of Elevated Reperfusion Pressure on “No Reflow” Area and Infarct Size in a Porcine Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion
Authors: Pantsios Chris , Kapelios Chris , Vakrou Styliani , Diakos Nikolaos , Pozios Iraklis , Kontogiannis Chris , Nanas John , Malliaras Konstantinos
Published: November 2015

Background:

The “no reflow” phenomenon (microvascular obstruction despite restoration of epicardial blood flow) develops postreperfusion in acute myocardial infarction and is associated with poor prognosis. We hypothesized that increased reperfusion pressure may attenuate the no reflow phenomenon, as it could provide adequate flow to overcome the high resistance of the microvasculature within the no reflow zone. Thus, we investigated the effect of modestly elevated blood pressure during reperfusion on the extent of no reflow area and infarct size in a porcine model of ischemia–reperfusion.

Methods:

Eighteen farm pigs underwent acute myocardial infarction by occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery for 1 hour, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Just prior to reperfusion, animals were randomized into 2 groups: in group 1 (control group, n = 9), no intervention was performed. In group 2 (n = 9), aortic pressure was increased by ∼20% (compared to ischemia) by partial clamping of the ascending aorta during reperfusion. Following 2 hours of reperfusion, animals were euthanized to measure area at risk, infarct size, and area of no reflow.

Results:

Partial clamping of the ascending aorta resulted in modest elevation of blood pressure during reperfusion. The area at risk did not differ between the 2 groups. The no reflow area was significantly increased in group 2 compared to control animals (50% ± 13% vs 37% ± 9% of the area at risk; P = .04). The infarcted area was significantly increased in group 2 compared to control animals (75% ± 17% vs 52% ± 23% of the area at risk; P = .03). Significant positive correlations were observed between systolic aortic pressure and no reflow area, between systolic aortic pressure and infarcted area and between infarcted area and no reflow area during reperfusion.

Conclusions:

Modestly elevated blood pressure during reperfusion is associated with an increase in no reflow area and in infarct size in a clinically relevant porcine model of ischemia–reperfusion.
Getting to Zero: Goal Commitment to Reduce Blood Stream Infections
Authors: McAlearney Ann Scheck , Hefner Jennifer L.
Published: November 2015

While preventing health care–associated infections (HAIs) can save lives and reduce health care costs, efforts designed to eliminate HAIs have had mixed results. Variability in contextual factors such as work culture and management practices has been suggested as a potential explanation for inconsistent results across organizations and interventions. We examine goal-setting as a factor contributing to program outcomes in eight hospitals focused on preventing central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). We conducted qualitative case studies to compare higher- and lower-performing hospitals, and explored differences in contextual factors that might contribute to performance variation. We present a goal commitment framework that characterizes factors associated with successful CLABSI program outcomes. Across 194 key informant interviews, internal and external moderators and characteristics of the goal itself differentiated actors’ goal commitment at higher- versus lower-performing hospitals. Our findings have implications for organizations struggling to prevent HAIs, as well as informing the broader goal commitment literature.
Child Maltreatment and Migration
Authors: Schick Matthis , Schönbucher Verena , Landolt Markus A. , Schnyder Ulrich , Xu Wenjie , Maier Thomas , Mohler-Kuo Meichun
Published: November 2015

Background:

Prevalence rates of child maltreatment (CM) can differ substantially between countries and ethnicities. Reasons, however, are complex and not sufficiently understood.

Method:

This epidemiological study examined prevalence and risk factors of various types of CM in a population-based representative sample of native and immigrant adolescents in Switzerland ( N = 6,787).

Results:

The prevalence of CM in general was lowest in the native group, higher in the Western immigrant group, and highest in the non-Western immigrant groups. An immigrant background was related to an overrepresentation of several risk factors for CM. Adjusted odds ratio of an immigrant background were still significant for physical and emotional abuse but not for neglect and sexual assault.

Conclusions:

Differences in the prevalence of CM across ethnographic origins are at least partially related to socioeconomic and ecologic risk factors. The distribution of risk factors may vary depending on the contexts of migration.
The Revised Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests (SSPI–2): Development and Criterion-Related Validation
Authors: Seto Michael C. , Stephens Skye , Lalumière Martin L. , Cantor James M.
Published: November 2015

The Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests (SSPI) is a structured rating scale of four child victim characteristics: number, age, gender, and relationship of victims. Sexual offenders against children who score higher on the SSPI are more likely to be identified as having pedophilic sexual arousal and are more likely to sexually reoffend. Recent research suggests that child pornography offending is a valid and perhaps independent indicator of pedophilia. In this study, we examined whether child pornography offending would add to the criterion-related validity of the SSPI. In the construction sample of 950 offenders with child victims, the SSPI with a fifth item of child pornography (Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests–2 [SSPI-2]) was significantly associated with phallometrically assessed sexual arousal to children. In a validation sample of 950 offenders with child victims, the SSPI-2 was again related to phallometrically assessed sexual arousal to children, outperforming the original SSPI. We recommend clinicians and researchers use the SSPI-2 as a structured method of assessing pedophilic sexual interests based on offending behavior.
Anniversary article: The practices of encouraging TESOL teachers to engage in reflective practice: An appraisal of recent research contributions
Authors: Farrell Thomas SC
Published: November 2015

Within the field of education, reflective practice has become a very popular concept within teacher education and development programs. The general consensus is that teachers who are encouraged to engage in reflective practice can gain new insight of their practice. There have been similar developments in the field of teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL), where the allure of reflective practice seems to have also been embraced as an important educational paradigm that should be supported in teacher education and development programs. However, we really do not know what research has been conducted on the practices that encourage TESOL teachers to participate in reflective practice. This article presents a review of recent research that has been published in academic journals over the past five years (2009–2014) on the practices that encourage TESOL teachers to reflect.
Understanding the relational dynamic capability-building process
Authors: Donada Carole , Nogatchewsky Gwenaelle , Pezet Anne
Published: November 2015

There is a significant body of research on relational dynamic capabilities, but little is known about how a firm builds these capabilities. Using a longitudinal case study analysis of the French car manufacturer Renault, this research fills that gap. It provides a three-phase sequence model of a relational dynamic capability-building process. Each phase (identifying, building, and integrating) corresponds to a level of strategic intent (from emerging to deliberate) and a set of shaping factors that evolve with the changing environment. These factors are combinations of external triggers associated with macro-economic and industry conditions and internal enablers, including agent skills and missions, dedicated organizational structures, assets, and tools.